abstract: OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in pathogenesis of @entity731 and @entity455 . We hypothesized that @entity1476 might be a susceptibility gene for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity6 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between C(-1306)T functional polymorphism in the @entity1476 gene and risk of @entity65 in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: We examined 1090 @entity1 with T2DM and 612 controls. All subjects were genotyped for the C(-1306)T polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction analysis. RESULTS: A significant @entity393 allele frequency was observed in @entity1 with @entity65 versus those with no @entity65 (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.36-0.52, p<0.0001). In contrast, OR for CC genotype was 2.19 (1.79-2.68, p<0.0001), conferring 2-fold greater odds for @entity65 . When the distribution of C(-1306)T was compared in subgroups with different clinical phenotypes of @entity65 , @entity1 with @entity64 had the lowest frequency of T allele (6% vs. 11%), compared to entire @entity65 + group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: T2DM @entity1 carrying the T allele of @entity1476 C(-1306)T polymorphism have a significantly reduced risk of @entity65 . The C(-1306)T polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to @entity64 in T2DM @entity1 .

title: @entity1476 ( XXXX ) gene polymorphism and cardiovascular comorbidity in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['MMP-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in pathogenesis of @entity731 and @entity455 . We hypothesized that @entity1476 might be a susceptibility gene for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity6 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between C(-1306)T functional polymorphism in the @entity1476 gene and risk of @entity65 in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: We examined 1090 @entity1 with T2DM and 612 controls. All subjects were genotyped for the C(-1306)T polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction analysis. RESULTS: A significant @entity393 allele frequency was observed in @entity1 with @entity65 versus those with no @entity65 (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.36-0.52, p<0.0001). In contrast, OR for CC genotype was 2.19 (1.79-2.68, p<0.0001), conferring 2-fold greater odds for @entity65 . When the distribution of C(-1306)T was compared in subgroups with different clinical phenotypes of @entity65 , @entity1 with @entity64 had the lowest frequency of T allele (6% vs. 11%), compared to entire @entity65 + group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: T2DM @entity1 carrying the T allele of @entity1476 C(-1306)T polymorphism have a significantly reduced risk of @entity65 . The C(-1306)T polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to @entity64 in T2DM @entity1 .

title: @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) gene polymorphism and cardiovascular comorbidity in type 2 XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of T']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in pathogenesis of @entity731 and @entity455 . We hypothesized that @entity1476 might be a susceptibility gene for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity6 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between C(-1306)T functional polymorphism in the @entity1476 gene and risk of @entity65 in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: We examined 1090 @entity1 with T2DM and 612 controls. All subjects were genotyped for the C(-1306)T polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction analysis. RESULTS: A significant @entity393 allele frequency was observed in @entity1 with @entity65 versus those with no @entity65 (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.36-0.52, p<0.0001). In contrast, OR for CC genotype was 2.19 (1.79-2.68, p<0.0001), conferring 2-fold greater odds for @entity65 . When the distribution of C(-1306)T was compared in subgroups with different clinical phenotypes of @entity65 , @entity1 with @entity64 had the lowest frequency of T allele (6% vs. 11%), compared to entire @entity65 + group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: T2DM @entity1 carrying the T allele of @entity1476 C(-1306)T polymorphism have a significantly reduced risk of @entity65 . The C(-1306)T polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to @entity64 in T2DM @entity1 .

title: @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) gene polymorphism and cardiovascular comorbidity in type 2 @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity209 represents a specific clustering of cardiovascular risk factors. One of several recently proposed definitions encompasses 3 or more of the following 5 abnormalities: waist circumference > 102 cm in @entity1 or > 88 cm in women, serum @entity412 level > or = 150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein @entity165 level < 40 mg/dL in @entity1 or < 50 mg/dL in @entity1 , blood pressure (BP) > or = 130/> or = 85 mm Hg and serum @entity413 > or = 110 mg/dL. The diagnosis of @entity209 allows early recognition of an increased risk of @entity65 . African Americans have the highest coronary heart disease mortality of any ethnic group in the United States. African-American @entity1 and Hispanic @entity1 and @entity1 have the highest prevalence of the @entity209 . This phenomenon is attributable mainly to the disproportionate occurrence of elevated BP, @entity28 , and @entity6 in African Americans, and the high prevalence of @entity28 and @entity6 in Hispanics. Management of the @entity209 consists primarily of modification or reversal of the root causes and direct therapy of the risk factors. The first strategy involves @entity353 and increased physical activity, both of which can improve all components of the syndrome. The second strategy often involves drug treatment of the individual risk factors to further improve BP, lipids, and @entity413 thereby decreasing the risk of @entity65 . This comprehensive review is provided as part of the educational activities of the African-American Lipid and Cardiovascular Council (AALCC).

title: The XXXX in African Americans: a review.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that the intra-amniotic injection of a retroviral vector producer cell line into pregnant @entity742 will result in retrovirus-mediated transduction and stable gene transfer to the ovine fetus. STUDY DESIGN: Thirteen pregnant ewes at various gestational ages underwent amniocentesis and injection of cells producing the retrovirus vector LIRESgeo, which is derived from Maloney @entity19 @entity1778 virus and encodes @entity526 LacZ (beta-galactosidase) as a marker gene. Pregnant ewes and fetuses were killed, and amniotic fluid, placenta, and fetal tissues were collected and assayed for transgene expression 7 to 77 days after intraamniotic injection. In addition, serum was collected and analyzed for evidence of specific immune responses against the producer cells, and amniotic fluid was collected and analyzed for deleterious effects on producer cell viability, vector production, and vector transduction. RESULTS: Only 1 of 10 fetuses exposed to the retroviral producer cells demonstrated beta-galactosidase activity that correlated with positive immunohistochemistry for LacZ in lung, @entity825 , pancreas, and small intestine. However, the presence of the LacZ gene could not be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Thus, we could not confirm transduction after any of the injections. The retroviral producer cells survived well in amniotic fluid and continued to produce high levels of retroviral vector after intra-amniotic injection, although amniotic fluid inhibited the transducing activity of the vector in a manner dependent on gestational age. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-amniotic retroviral gene transfer with the use of these amphotropic producer cells does not result in reproducible gene transfer in the ovine fetus although amniotic fluid sustains producer cell viability and vector production. Possible reasons for the inefficient transduction are discussed.

title: Inefficient transduction of XXXX in utero after intra-amniotic injection of retroviral producer cells.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: AIM: To analyse the clinical characteristics of @entity1 on the Bradford Low Vision Register with regards to the type (partially sighted or blind), sex, race, causes and age at registration. METHODS: All the data were obtained from the Morley Street Resource Centre, which keeps records of all registrations in the Bradford Metropolitan District. Information including postcode, date of birth, age, gender, ethnic group, degree, date of registration, cause of registration and age at registration were entered into a database. RESULTS: Of all registrations, 64% were blind and 36% were partially sighted. Asians were younger at registration and there were a significantly lower number of females compared to Caucasians. When data were analysed for the different age groups, in the older group of over 65 years, Asians showed significantly more @entity6 (26.1%) compared to Asians (7.8%), while Caucasians demonstrated significantly more @entity726 (C: 29.3%; A: 17.4%). In the younger age group (<30 years), the leading causes for Asians were @entity6391 and @entity346 while for Caucasians it was @entity231 and @entity1952 . The proportion of Asians registered was significantly lower than expected from the projected population estimates in Bradford. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates significant differences in the clinical profiles of the two racial groups. The data do not follow the predictions from published population estimates, with Asians, especially females, being under-represented in the register.

title: The clinical characteristics of Asian and Caucasian XXXX on Bradford's Low Vision Register.

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cataracts']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess use of and interest in mobile health (mHealth) technology and in- @entity1 services for @entity6 self-care in vulnerable populations. METHODS: We delivered a self-administered cross-sectional survey. @entity1 were recruited at two primary care practices ( @entity3881 ) with P1 located in a medically underserved area and P2 in an affluent suburb. Two-sample t-tests and chi-square tests were used with p   <   0.05 significant. In addition, a secondary analysis was performed to analyse differences in use and interest in mHealth by age. RESULTS: Of 75 eligible @entity1 , 60 completed the survey (80% response rate). P1 @entity1 had significantly higher interest in three of five categories of in- @entity1 @entity6 support services, one of four categories of health-related text messages (TM), and three of eight categories of mHealth applications (p   <   0.05). Smartphone users reported higher interest in TM (p   =   0.004) and mHealth applications for @entity6 self-care (p   =   0.004). Younger @entity1 were more likely to have a smartphone (p   <   0.006), use the Internet (p   <   0.0012), use smartphone applications (p   <   0.0004), and to be interested in using applications to manage their @entity6 (p   <   0.004). DISCUSSION: This study shows substantial @entity1 interest in TM and mHealth applications for @entity6 self-care and suggests that @entity1 in underserved areas may have particularly high interest in using mHealth solutions in primary care. Younger @entity1 and smartphone users were more likely to be interested in using applications to manage their @entity6 . As more @entity1 use smartphones, interest in using mHealth to support @entity1 self-care and strengthen primary care infrastructure will continue to grow.

title: Use of and interest in mobile health for XXXX self-care in vulnerable populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Antigen treatment of neonatal epidermis results in antigen-specific immune suppression. Compared with adult counterparts, neonatal Langerhans' cells (LC) demonstrate an impaired ability to transport antigen to the @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). As it is possible that neonatal LC have a reduced ability to endocytose antigen, we evaluated the acquisition of endocytic function, the expression of uptake receptors and the internalization of soluble and small particulate antigens in neonatal, juvenile and adult @entity19 . Although LC from 4-day-old @entity19 were weakly positive for the @entity3913 -type receptor, @entity52471 , they were capable of internalizing @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-dextran, but to a lesser extent than LC from 6-week-old @entity19 . However, when ratio data were calculated to account for variations in fluorescence intensity at 4 degrees, it was demonstrated that neonatal LC continued to internalize antigen over a longer period of time than adult @entity19 and, as the ratios were much higher, that neonatal cells were also relatively more efficient in antigen uptake. When receptors for mannan and @entity3913 were competitively blocked, LC from neonatal @entity19 , but not adult @entity19 , could still efficiently internalize @entity2823 -dextran. Consequently, the uptake of @entity2823 -dextran, in part, occurred via alternative receptors or a receptor-independent fluid-phase pathway. A feasible pathway is macropinocytosis, as LC from 4-day-old @entity19 demonstrated a reduction in @entity2823 -dextran internalization by the macropinocytosis inhibitor, @entity2307 . Evidence of a functional macropinocytosis pathway in neonatal LC was further supported by internalization of the soluble tracer Lucifer Yellow (LY). We conclude that neonatal LC preferentially utilize a @entity2307 -sensitive, fluid-phase pathway, rather than receptor-mediated endocytosis, to internalize antigen. As neonatal LC are capable of sampling their environment without inducing immunity, this may serve to avoid inappropriate immune responses during the neonatal period.

title: DEC-205lo Langerinlo neonatal Langerhans' cells preferentially utilize a XXXX -sensitive, fluid-phase pathway to internalize exogenous antigen.

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

answer: @entity2307 :: (MESH:C009687,Chemical) :: ['wortmannin']


abstract: The selective accumulation of different leucocyte populations during @entity32 is regulated by adhesion molecules and chemokines expressed by vascular endothelium. This study examined how chemokine production and the expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors vary between endothelia from different vascular beds. @entity1 saphenous vein endothelium was compared with lung and dermal microvascular endothelia and with umbilical vein endothelium and a bone-marrow endothelial cell line. All endothelia produced @entity2842 and @entity687 constitutively, whereas @entity371 and @entity5737 were only secreted after @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity310 or @entity379 stimulation. In combination with @entity310 , @entity379 suppressed @entity687 but enhanced @entity5737 and @entity371 , whereas transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta reduced secretion of all chemokines. Basal chemokine secretion was higher from umbilical vein than other endothelial cells. Chemokine receptors, @entity7415 , @entity366 and @entity23427 , were present on all endothelia but highest on saphenous vein. @entity16952 , @entity5075 , @entity14284 , @entity7416 , @entity436 and @entity22750 were also detected at variable levels on different endothelia. The variation between endothelia in chemokine secretion was much greater than the variations in adhesion molecules, both on resting cells and following cytokine stimulation. These results indicate that it is the tissue-specific variations in endothelial chemokine secretion rather than variations in adhesion molecules that can explain the different patterns of @entity32 and leucocyte traffic seen in non-lymphoid tissues.

title: Chemokines, chemokine receptors and adhesion molecules on different XXXX endothelia: discriminating the tissue-specific functions that affect leucocyte migration.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN)-gamma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Florfenicol (FFC) residues in foods are regulated as the sum of @entity21562 and its metabolites measured as @entity70569 ( @entity6334 ). An isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method utilizing @entity40676 ( @entity14030 ) SPE cleanup is established for the accurate determination of @entity6334 in fish muscles (i.e., salmon and tilapia) after acid catalyzed hydrolysis. Comparisons of the @entity14030 SPE cleanup procedure with other cleanup procedures such as mixed-mode cationic (MCX) SPE and solid supported liquid-liquid extraction were performed. Quantification of @entity6334 in fish muscles was accomplished by using matrix-matched calibration with @entity6334 -D3 as the internal standard. The method was validated with @entity6334 fortified fish muscles at three different levels (50, 100, and 200  g/kg). Conversion of FFC to @entity6334 by acid catalyzed hydrolysis was evaluated and found to be >= 88%. The recoveries of @entity6334 in fish muscles at the three fortification levels ranged from 89 to 106%, and @entity6865 were  <=9% in all cases. The LOD values in salmon and tilapia muscles were 0.13 and 1.64  g/kg, respectively. The LOQ values in salmon and tilapia muscles were 0.29 and 4.13  g/kg, respectively. This method is suitable for the application in routine control of FFC in fishes according to its residue definition.

title: XXXX Solid Phase Extraction Cleanup and Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of @entity70569 in Fish Muscles.

entities_list: @entity40676 :: ('MESH:C010686', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylboronic acid']

entities_list: @entity21562 :: ('MESH:C035534', 'Chemical') :: ['florfenicol']

entities_list: @entity70569 :: ('MESH:C083312', 'Chemical') :: ['florfenicol amine']

answer: @entity40676 :: (MESH:C010686,Chemical) :: ['Phenylboronic Acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Florfenicol (FFC) residues in foods are regulated as the sum of @entity21562 and its metabolites measured as @entity70569 ( @entity6334 ). An isotope dilution LC-MS/MS method utilizing @entity40676 ( @entity14030 ) SPE cleanup is established for the accurate determination of @entity6334 in fish muscles (i.e., salmon and tilapia) after acid catalyzed hydrolysis. Comparisons of the @entity14030 SPE cleanup procedure with other cleanup procedures such as mixed-mode cationic (MCX) SPE and solid supported liquid-liquid extraction were performed. Quantification of @entity6334 in fish muscles was accomplished by using matrix-matched calibration with @entity6334 -D3 as the internal standard. The method was validated with @entity6334 fortified fish muscles at three different levels (50, 100, and 200  g/kg). Conversion of FFC to @entity6334 by acid catalyzed hydrolysis was evaluated and found to be >= 88%. The recoveries of @entity6334 in fish muscles at the three fortification levels ranged from 89 to 106%, and @entity6865 were  <=9% in all cases. The LOD values in salmon and tilapia muscles were 0.13 and 1.64  g/kg, respectively. The LOQ values in salmon and tilapia muscles were 0.29 and 4.13  g/kg, respectively. This method is suitable for the application in routine control of FFC in fishes according to its residue definition.

title: @entity40676 Solid Phase Extraction Cleanup and Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of XXXX in Fish Muscles.

answer: @entity70569 :: (MESH:C083312,Chemical) :: ['Florfenicol Amine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6838 's pharmacological, hemodynamic, and electrophysiological properties are well understood. However, in modern @entity712 ( @entity712 ) treatment, its effect has yet to be fully investigated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of @entity6838 on outcomes in @entity1 with mild @entity712 implanted with an @entity737 ( @entity737 ) or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D) device. METHODS: We investigated the effect of @entity6838 treatment on the end points of @entity712 / @entity204 , @entity712 alone, @entity204 alone, and @entity1165 or @entity2224 (VT/VF) in 1820 @entity1 with mild @entity712 (New York Heart Association class I and II), prolonged QRS duration (>= 130 ms), and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction ( <=30%) enrolled in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial - Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy trial. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the effect of time-dependent @entity6838 usage on the end points. RESULTS: @entity6838 therapy was not associated with an increased or decreased risk of @entity712 / @entity204 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86-1.33; P = .0.56), @entity712 alone (HR 1.1.04; 95% CI 0.82-1.32; P = .76), or @entity204 alone (HR 0.93; 95% CI 0.67-1.32; P = .71). However, @entity6838 was associated with a significant 41% increased risk of VT/VF (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.14-1.75; P = .002), which was driven by a significantly increased risk of VT/VF with heart rate >= 200 beats/min (HR 1.65; 95% CI 1.27-2.15; P  <= .001), whereas no increased risk of VT/VF with heart rate <200 beats/min was evident (HR 1.20; 95% CI 0.92-1.57; P = .19). No significant differences in @entity6838 's effect on any of the end points were found between @entity1 with @entity737 and @entity1 with CRT-D (interaction P > .5). CONCLUSION: The use of @entity6838 in @entity1 with mild @entity712 implanted with an @entity737 or CRT-D device was not associated with reductions in @entity712 / @entity204 events. However, @entity6838 therapy was associated with an increased risk of high-rate VT/VF (>= 200 beats/min).

title: XXXX therapy and associated clinical outcomes in the MADIT-CRT trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity6838 :: ('MESH:D004077', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxin', 'Digoxin']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity6838 :: (MESH:D004077,Chemical) :: ['Digoxin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is generally accepted that optimal particle sizes are key for efficient nanocatalysis. Much less attention is paid to the role of morphology and atomic arrangement during catalytic reactions. Here, we unravel the structural, stoichiometric, and morphological evolution of gas-phase produced and partially oxidized @entity1953 nanoparticles in a broad size range. Particles with diameters between 1.4 and 22 nm generated in cluster sources are size selected and deposited on amorphous @entity5383 ( @entity16773 ) and ultrananocrystalline @entity11710 (UNCD) films. A combination of different techniques is employed to monitor particle properties at the stages of production, exposure to ambient conditions, and catalytic reaction, in this case, the oxidative dehydrogenation of @entity13479 at elevated temperatures. A pronounced size dependence is found, naturally classifying the particles into three size regimes. While small and intermediate clusters essentially retain their compact morphology, large particles transform into hollow spheres due to the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. Depending on the substrate, an isotropic ( @entity16773 ) or anisotropic (UNCD) Kirkendall effect is observed. The latter results in dramatic lateral size changes. Our results shed light on the interplay between chemical reactions and the catalyst's structure and provide an approach to tailor the @entity53919 phase composition required for specific catalytic schemes.

title: Pronounced Size Dependence in Structure and Morphology of Gas-Phase Produced, Partially Oxidized XXXX Nanoparticles under Catalytic Reaction Conditions.

entities_list: @entity13479 :: ('MESH:C506365', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclohexane']

entities_list: @entity53919 :: ('MESH:C060728', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalt oxide']

answer: @entity1953 :: (MESH:D003035,Chemical) :: ['Cobalt']


abstract: @entity1674 containing medium- and long-chain @entity1718 (TML) have medium- and long-chain @entity1718 in the same molecule. The effects of dietary TML on serum lipid levels and body fat were studied in six young @entity1 belonging to a university rowing club. A double-blind crossover study was performed in which for 3 wk the subjects ingested a liquid diet containing 20 g/d of @entity1460 oil or TML in addition to their regular diets. Throughout the study, they were asked to keep their usual lifestyle, including diet and physical activity. The body composition of the subjects was measured weekly. Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, and 3 wk of each treatment period. There was no significant difference in energy intake between the @entity1460 oil diet period and the TML diet period. The rate of variation of serum @entity1674 concentration was significantly lower after a consumption of the TML liquid diet for 3 wk compared with the @entity1460 oil liquid diet. The rate of variation of body fat mass was also significantly lower after a consumption of the TML liquid diet for 3 wk compared with the @entity1460 oil liquid diet. However, the serum @entity165 concentration did not change significantly during either dietary treatment. These results suggest that TML, compared with @entity1460 oil, may have the potential to prevent @entity2298 and @entity28 caused by consumption of a high-fat diet.

title: Effect of @entity1674 containing medium- and long-chain XXXX on serum @entity1674 levels and body fat in college athletes.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol', 'Triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: @entity1674 containing medium- and long-chain @entity1718 (TML) have medium- and long-chain @entity1718 in the same molecule. The effects of dietary TML on serum lipid levels and body fat were studied in six young @entity1 belonging to a university rowing club. A double-blind crossover study was performed in which for 3 wk the subjects ingested a liquid diet containing 20 g/d of @entity1460 oil or TML in addition to their regular diets. Throughout the study, they were asked to keep their usual lifestyle, including diet and physical activity. The body composition of the subjects was measured weekly. Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, and 3 wk of each treatment period. There was no significant difference in energy intake between the @entity1460 oil diet period and the TML diet period. The rate of variation of serum @entity1674 concentration was significantly lower after a consumption of the TML liquid diet for 3 wk compared with the @entity1460 oil liquid diet. The rate of variation of body fat mass was also significantly lower after a consumption of the TML liquid diet for 3 wk compared with the @entity1460 oil liquid diet. However, the serum @entity165 concentration did not change significantly during either dietary treatment. These results suggest that TML, compared with @entity1460 oil, may have the potential to prevent @entity2298 and @entity28 caused by consumption of a high-fat diet.

title: Effect of XXXX containing medium- and long-chain @entity1718 on serum @entity1674 levels and body fat in college athletes.

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triacylglycerols']


abstract: @entity1674 containing medium- and long-chain @entity1718 (TML) have medium- and long-chain @entity1718 in the same molecule. The effects of dietary TML on serum lipid levels and body fat were studied in six young @entity1 belonging to a university rowing club. A double-blind crossover study was performed in which for 3 wk the subjects ingested a liquid diet containing 20 g/d of @entity1460 oil or TML in addition to their regular diets. Throughout the study, they were asked to keep their usual lifestyle, including diet and physical activity. The body composition of the subjects was measured weekly. Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, and 3 wk of each treatment period. There was no significant difference in energy intake between the @entity1460 oil diet period and the TML diet period. The rate of variation of serum @entity1674 concentration was significantly lower after a consumption of the TML liquid diet for 3 wk compared with the @entity1460 oil liquid diet. The rate of variation of body fat mass was also significantly lower after a consumption of the TML liquid diet for 3 wk compared with the @entity1460 oil liquid diet. However, the serum @entity165 concentration did not change significantly during either dietary treatment. These results suggest that TML, compared with @entity1460 oil, may have the potential to prevent @entity2298 and @entity28 caused by consumption of a high-fat diet.

title: Effect of @entity1674 containing medium- and long-chain @entity1718 on serum XXXX levels and body fat in college athletes.

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triacylglycerol']


abstract: The green pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris and Trimeresurus macrops) is a common venomous snake in Thailand. The green pit viper venom has major effects on the hematologic system. The venom is found to have a thrombin-like effect in vitro but cause a @entity751 in vivo. Unlike other pit viper snakes (such as Malayan pit viper and Russel's pit viper), the venomous effect on red blood cells is rarely mentioned. Clinical features of @entity5900 vary from asymptomatic to fatal @entity548 . In this study, an attempt was made to discern hematologic parameters in green pit viper @entity5900 and to characterize the changes in blood cells. The study included data from 40 @entity1 who were hospitalized at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital during 1995 to 1999 and 40 normal, healthy subjects as control. Concerning platelet determination, significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total platelet count and mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ) were demonstrated in envenomous blood. The changes in blood cells may be partly due to the effect of green pit viper toxin on the platelet morphology. However, the explanation of this phenomenon requires further investigation for the specific pathophysiology. The components of green pit viper venom that have these hematologic effects in @entity1 are interesting and should be further identified.

title: A trend of platelet indices in XXXX with green pit viper toxin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['defibrination syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['venomous snake bites', 'envenomation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Common genetic variation @entity16209 in the @entity533 ( @entity533 ) gene has been considered to be implicated in the development of many @entity5 . Nevertheless, results from the related studies were inconsistent. To elucidate the association, we performed a meta-analysis for 8,112 cases and 10,037 controls from 32 published case-control studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association by STATA 12.0 software. Overall, we revealed that the @entity533 -192R allele was associated with a reduced risk of the @entity5 . Moreover, in the stratified analysis by @entity5 types ( @entity0 , @entity263 , @entity1313 etc.), the results showed that @entity533 -192R allele was associated with a decreased risk in @entity0 (R vs Q: OR=0.605, 95% CI=0.378-0.967, Pheterogeneity=0.000; RR vs QQ: OR=0.494, 95% CI=0.275-0.888, Pheterogeneity=0.002; RQ vs QQ: OR=0.465, 95% CI=0.259-0.835, Pheterogeneity=0.000; and RR+RQ vs QQ: OR=0.485, 95% CI=0.274-0.857, Pheterogeneity=0.000), and associated with @entity263 in homozygote (RR vs QQ: OR=0.475, 95% CI=0.251- 0.897, Pheterogeneity=0.001) and recessive models (RR vs RQ+QQ: OR=0.379, 95% CI=0.169-0.853, Pheterogeneity=0.000), while an increased risk was identified in @entity706 (R vs Q: OR=1.537, 95% CI=1.246-1.896, Pheterogeneity=0.944; RR vs QQ: OR=2.987, 95% CI=1.861-4.795, Pheterogeneity=0.350; RR+RQ vs QQ: OR=1.354, 95% CI=1.021-1.796, Pheterogeneity=0.824; and RR vs RQ+QQ: OR=2.934, 95% CI=1.869-4.605, Pheterogeneity=0.433), and an increased risk in @entity263 under heterozygote comparison (RQ vs QQ: OR=1.782, 95% CI=1.077-2.950, Pheterogeneity=0.000) and dominant models (RR+RQ vs QQ: OR=1.281, 95% CI=1.044-1.573, Pheterogeneity=0.056). When subgroup analysis that performed by the control source (hospital based or population based), a decreased risk of the @entity5 was revealed by homozygote (RR vs QQ: OR=0.601, 95% CI=0.366-0.987, Pheterogeneity=0.000) and dominant models (RR vs RQ+QQ: OR= 0.611, 95% CI=0.384-0.973, Pheterogeneity=0.000) in hospital based group. Stratifying by ethnicity, a significantly reduced risk of the @entity5 under allele contrast model (R vs Q: OR=0.788, 95% CI=0.626-0.993, Pheterogeneity=0.000) was uncovered in Caucasian. In summary, these findings suggested that @entity533 @entity16209 polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of the @entity5 , nevertheless, it might increase @entity5 susceptibility of prostate and @entity706 risk. Large well-designed epidemiological studies will be continued on this issue of interest.

title: XXXX ( @entity533 ) @entity16209 Gene Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis Based on 30 Publications.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'overall cancers']

answer: @entity533 :: (5444,Gene) :: ['Paraoxonase 1']


abstract: Common genetic variation @entity16209 in the @entity533 ( @entity533 ) gene has been considered to be implicated in the development of many @entity5 . Nevertheless, results from the related studies were inconsistent. To elucidate the association, we performed a meta-analysis for 8,112 cases and 10,037 controls from 32 published case-control studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association by STATA 12.0 software. Overall, we revealed that the @entity533 -192R allele was associated with a reduced risk of the @entity5 . Moreover, in the stratified analysis by @entity5 types ( @entity0 , @entity263 , @entity1313 etc.), the results showed that @entity533 -192R allele was associated with a decreased risk in @entity0 (R vs Q: OR=0.605, 95% CI=0.378-0.967, Pheterogeneity=0.000; RR vs QQ: OR=0.494, 95% CI=0.275-0.888, Pheterogeneity=0.002; RQ vs QQ: OR=0.465, 95% CI=0.259-0.835, Pheterogeneity=0.000; and RR+RQ vs QQ: OR=0.485, 95% CI=0.274-0.857, Pheterogeneity=0.000), and associated with @entity263 in homozygote (RR vs QQ: OR=0.475, 95% CI=0.251- 0.897, Pheterogeneity=0.001) and recessive models (RR vs RQ+QQ: OR=0.379, 95% CI=0.169-0.853, Pheterogeneity=0.000), while an increased risk was identified in @entity706 (R vs Q: OR=1.537, 95% CI=1.246-1.896, Pheterogeneity=0.944; RR vs QQ: OR=2.987, 95% CI=1.861-4.795, Pheterogeneity=0.350; RR+RQ vs QQ: OR=1.354, 95% CI=1.021-1.796, Pheterogeneity=0.824; and RR vs RQ+QQ: OR=2.934, 95% CI=1.869-4.605, Pheterogeneity=0.433), and an increased risk in @entity263 under heterozygote comparison (RQ vs QQ: OR=1.782, 95% CI=1.077-2.950, Pheterogeneity=0.000) and dominant models (RR+RQ vs QQ: OR=1.281, 95% CI=1.044-1.573, Pheterogeneity=0.056). When subgroup analysis that performed by the control source (hospital based or population based), a decreased risk of the @entity5 was revealed by homozygote (RR vs QQ: OR=0.601, 95% CI=0.366-0.987, Pheterogeneity=0.000) and dominant models (RR vs RQ+QQ: OR= 0.611, 95% CI=0.384-0.973, Pheterogeneity=0.000) in hospital based group. Stratifying by ethnicity, a significantly reduced risk of the @entity5 under allele contrast model (R vs Q: OR=0.788, 95% CI=0.626-0.993, Pheterogeneity=0.000) was uncovered in Caucasian. In summary, these findings suggested that @entity533 @entity16209 polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of the @entity5 , nevertheless, it might increase @entity5 susceptibility of prostate and @entity706 risk. Large well-designed epidemiological studies will be continued on this issue of interest.

title: @entity533 ( XXXX ) @entity16209 Gene Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis Based on 30 Publications.

answer: @entity533 :: (5444,Gene) :: ['PON1']


abstract: Common genetic variation @entity16209 in the @entity533 ( @entity533 ) gene has been considered to be implicated in the development of many @entity5 . Nevertheless, results from the related studies were inconsistent. To elucidate the association, we performed a meta-analysis for 8,112 cases and 10,037 controls from 32 published case-control studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association by STATA 12.0 software. Overall, we revealed that the @entity533 -192R allele was associated with a reduced risk of the @entity5 . Moreover, in the stratified analysis by @entity5 types ( @entity0 , @entity263 , @entity1313 etc.), the results showed that @entity533 -192R allele was associated with a decreased risk in @entity0 (R vs Q: OR=0.605, 95% CI=0.378-0.967, Pheterogeneity=0.000; RR vs QQ: OR=0.494, 95% CI=0.275-0.888, Pheterogeneity=0.002; RQ vs QQ: OR=0.465, 95% CI=0.259-0.835, Pheterogeneity=0.000; and RR+RQ vs QQ: OR=0.485, 95% CI=0.274-0.857, Pheterogeneity=0.000), and associated with @entity263 in homozygote (RR vs QQ: OR=0.475, 95% CI=0.251- 0.897, Pheterogeneity=0.001) and recessive models (RR vs RQ+QQ: OR=0.379, 95% CI=0.169-0.853, Pheterogeneity=0.000), while an increased risk was identified in @entity706 (R vs Q: OR=1.537, 95% CI=1.246-1.896, Pheterogeneity=0.944; RR vs QQ: OR=2.987, 95% CI=1.861-4.795, Pheterogeneity=0.350; RR+RQ vs QQ: OR=1.354, 95% CI=1.021-1.796, Pheterogeneity=0.824; and RR vs RQ+QQ: OR=2.934, 95% CI=1.869-4.605, Pheterogeneity=0.433), and an increased risk in @entity263 under heterozygote comparison (RQ vs QQ: OR=1.782, 95% CI=1.077-2.950, Pheterogeneity=0.000) and dominant models (RR+RQ vs QQ: OR=1.281, 95% CI=1.044-1.573, Pheterogeneity=0.056). When subgroup analysis that performed by the control source (hospital based or population based), a decreased risk of the @entity5 was revealed by homozygote (RR vs QQ: OR=0.601, 95% CI=0.366-0.987, Pheterogeneity=0.000) and dominant models (RR vs RQ+QQ: OR= 0.611, 95% CI=0.384-0.973, Pheterogeneity=0.000) in hospital based group. Stratifying by ethnicity, a significantly reduced risk of the @entity5 under allele contrast model (R vs Q: OR=0.788, 95% CI=0.626-0.993, Pheterogeneity=0.000) was uncovered in Caucasian. In summary, these findings suggested that @entity533 @entity16209 polymorphism was associated with a reduced risk of the @entity5 , nevertheless, it might increase @entity5 susceptibility of prostate and @entity706 risk. Large well-designed epidemiological studies will be continued on this issue of interest.

title: @entity533 ( @entity533 ) XXXX Gene Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis Based on 30 Publications.

answer: @entity16209 :: (p|SUB|Q|192|R,ProteinMutation) :: ['Q192R']


abstract: Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of @entity14951 [ @entity14282 ] to minimize the development of @entity6446 ( @entity6446 ) and improve phytate @entity3151 retention in Ross cockerels during the starter period. In experiment 1, chicks were fed a @entity6446 -inducing (0.67% @entity460 ) diet with or without exposure to ultraviolet light and no supplemental @entity3875 . Dietary @entity14282 was added at 0, 10, or 70 microg/kg for both light treatments. In experiment 2, @entity14282 was added at 0, 10, 40, or 70 microg/kg to a @entity6446 -inducing diet containing 27.5 microg/kg added @entity3875 . Experiment 3 was similar to experiment 2 except a diet marginal (0.85%) in @entity460 was fed, and @entity3875 was added at 55 microg/kg. In experiments 4 and 5, @entity14282 was added at 0, 18, 36, 54, 72, or 90 microg/kg to a diet marginal in @entity460 . Dietary @entity14282 decreased the incidence of @entity6446 similarly at 40 and 70 microg/kg @entity14282 and improved phytate @entity3151 retention when the @entity6446 -inducing diet was fed. The incidence of @entity6446 was decreased when 70 microg/kg @entity14282 was added to a diet marginal in @entity460 in experiment 3 only. Phytate @entity3151 retention was generally not affected by dietary @entity14282 when a diet containing marginal @entity460 , adequate @entity3151 , and high @entity3875 was fed. The effectiveness of @entity14282 to reduce the incidence of @entity6446 in young broilers was higher when the dietary @entity460 level was below 0.85%. The incidence of @entity6446 in Ross cockerels was low (< 25%) when dietary @entity460 was greater than 0.85%.

title: Effectiveness of twenty-five-hydroxycholecalciferol in the prevention of XXXX in Ross cockerels depends on dietary @entity460 level.

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity6446 :: ('MESH:D004687', 'Disease') :: ['tibial dyschondroplasia', 'TD']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxycholecalciferol']

answer: @entity6446 :: (MESH:D004687,Disease) :: ['tibial dyschondroplasia']


abstract: Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of @entity14951 [ @entity14282 ] to minimize the development of @entity6446 ( @entity6446 ) and improve phytate @entity3151 retention in Ross cockerels during the starter period. In experiment 1, chicks were fed a @entity6446 -inducing (0.67% @entity460 ) diet with or without exposure to ultraviolet light and no supplemental @entity3875 . Dietary @entity14282 was added at 0, 10, or 70 microg/kg for both light treatments. In experiment 2, @entity14282 was added at 0, 10, 40, or 70 microg/kg to a @entity6446 -inducing diet containing 27.5 microg/kg added @entity3875 . Experiment 3 was similar to experiment 2 except a diet marginal (0.85%) in @entity460 was fed, and @entity3875 was added at 55 microg/kg. In experiments 4 and 5, @entity14282 was added at 0, 18, 36, 54, 72, or 90 microg/kg to a diet marginal in @entity460 . Dietary @entity14282 decreased the incidence of @entity6446 similarly at 40 and 70 microg/kg @entity14282 and improved phytate @entity3151 retention when the @entity6446 -inducing diet was fed. The incidence of @entity6446 was decreased when 70 microg/kg @entity14282 was added to a diet marginal in @entity460 in experiment 3 only. Phytate @entity3151 retention was generally not affected by dietary @entity14282 when a diet containing marginal @entity460 , adequate @entity3151 , and high @entity3875 was fed. The effectiveness of @entity14282 to reduce the incidence of @entity6446 in young broilers was higher when the dietary @entity460 level was below 0.85%. The incidence of @entity6446 in Ross cockerels was low (< 25%) when dietary @entity460 was greater than 0.85%.

title: Effectiveness of twenty-five-hydroxycholecalciferol in the prevention of @entity6446 in Ross cockerels depends on dietary XXXX level.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to examine the assumption that the natural history of congenital @entity362 in @entity1 presenting early and those presenting late is the same, and to determine whether there are factors that might predict the post-operative outcome of surgery among the presenting features of @entity1 with @entity362 . METHODS: The authors present a clinical series of 50 consecutive cases of @entity362 that had been treated surgically. All @entity1 underwent both pre- and post-operative urological assessment and pre-operative imaging with MRI. The case notes, urology assessments and MRI films were studied to provide data on the clinical presentation, follow-up history and urological outcome of the @entity1 , as well as on the anatomical features of their @entity362 . RESULTS: Analysis of the data revealed a predominance in @entity1 and a bimodal distribution of age at presentation with peaks at 0-2 and 7-8 years. Skin stigmata were more frequent in @entity1 below 6 years of age than in older @entity1 (P=0.035). The MRI scans demonstrated that the conus lay within the sacral canal more often in @entity1 than @entity1 (P=0.025). Severe @entity1494 was significantly more frequent in those presenting at =3 years of age (P=0.017) and there were more normal outcomes in @entity1 operated upon before the age of 3 than in those operated upon at or after this age ( P<0.0001). Eight @entity1 who had been operated upon had severe urological problems at the time of their last assessment (median age of 8 years and 2 months). They were predominantly @entity1 with major pre-operative @entity5450 . CONCLUSIONS: Formal pre-operative urological assessment proved to be the strongest determinant of final urological outcome. Other predictors of poor urological outcome were @entity362 size and sacral position for the @entity362 . This series demonstrates how early and late presenting @entity1 may represent different @entity1 groups, follow different natural histories and may therefore not be reliable for comparison purposes. Future studies of prophylactic untethering need to follow cohorts beyond the age of deterioration found in untreated cases (8 years) and must report the salient MRI features that we suggest are predictive of poor outcome.

title: XXXX : pitfalls in analysing the results of prophylactic surgery.

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'congenital lumbosacral lipoma', 'large lipoma', 'lumbosacral lipomas', 'lipomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['Congenital lumbosacral lipomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3038 in @entity1 is a very rare entity. CASE REPORT: The authors present a case of @entity3038 in a 23-month-old @entity1 . The @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with persistent @entity10 and frequent @entity391 . MR imaging demonstrated a large frontal well-circumscribed lesion with a heterogeneous @entity2287 enhancement. Although macroscopically the @entity5 was totally extirpated, the @entity1 died of rapid @entity5 regrowth 2 months after surgery. The surgical specimens obtained from the @entity5 showed an admixture of two distinctive neoplastic tissues. One was a malignant mesenchymal feature. Its fibrosarcomatous nature was characterized by spindle-shaped cells with fine fibers that were deeply stained in @entity575 preparations for reticulin. The other was gliomatous tissue forming islands surrounded by the sarcomatous tissues. Its glioblastomatous nature was obvious, as it was characterized by endothelial proliferation and perinecrotic pseudopalisading. Both tissues were histologically malignant, as evidenced by mitotic figure, high cellularity, atypical features, and variability. DISCUSSION: The literature concerning @entity5 is reviewed, and pathological and clinical features of the @entity5 are briefly discussed.

title: XXXX : a case and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['Gliosarcoma', 'gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gliosarcomatous tumors']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity3038 :: (MESH:D018316,Disease) :: ['Infantile gliosarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test a novel strategy for overcoming intrinsic resistance to @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity421 ( @entity421 ) due to @entity2353 and nucleobase salvage (NS). METHODS: Four @entity421 cell lines, found to be highly resistant to @entity1500 , were tested to determine the dominant mechanism of resistance. Sensitivity to @entity1500 was tested in the presence of dialyzed serum or the transport inhibitor @entity4341 (DP) to confirm the contribution of NS to @entity1500 resistance. We then investigated whether increased NS activity could be exploited using cytotoxic @entity2353 analogs. RESULTS: Like other cell types, @entity421 cells are capable of circumventing inhibition of de novo @entity377 synthesis by relying on NS. @entity1500 , at concentrations as high as 1 m M did not inhibit cell growth in culture medium supplemented with undialyzed serum. In contrast, when NS was inhibited by DP or in medium depleted of @entity2642 and nucleobases, sensitivity to @entity1500 was seen at nanomolar concentrations. In medium with dialyzed serum, @entity1014 and @entity3625 provided dose-dependent protection from @entity1500 @entity137 at concentrations similar to those seen in @entity1 plasma. No evidence of other significant mechanisms of resistance were found. All four cell lines were sensitive to 3-day exposures to @entity2592 (IC50 0.22 to 2.88 micro M) and @entity12948 (IC50 0.09 to 0.95 micro M). CONCLUSIONS: Salvage of de novo @entity377 synthesis inhibition by extracellular @entity1014 and @entity3625 , at physiologically relevant concentrations, contributes to resistance to @entity1500 in @entity421 . However, this same process may impart a collateral sensitivity to @entity2353 analogs. These findings support clinical trials for @entity1 with @entity421 using @entity2353 analogs, either alone or in combination.

title: @entity421 cells, resistant to @entity1499 due to XXXX and nucleobase salvage, are sensitive to @entity2353 analogs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity12948 :: ('MESH:D014740', 'Chemical') :: ['vidarabine']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity2353 :: (CHEBI:33838,Chemical) :: ['nucleoside']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test a novel strategy for overcoming intrinsic resistance to @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity421 ( @entity421 ) due to @entity2353 and nucleobase salvage (NS). METHODS: Four @entity421 cell lines, found to be highly resistant to @entity1500 , were tested to determine the dominant mechanism of resistance. Sensitivity to @entity1500 was tested in the presence of dialyzed serum or the transport inhibitor @entity4341 (DP) to confirm the contribution of NS to @entity1500 resistance. We then investigated whether increased NS activity could be exploited using cytotoxic @entity2353 analogs. RESULTS: Like other cell types, @entity421 cells are capable of circumventing inhibition of de novo @entity377 synthesis by relying on NS. @entity1500 , at concentrations as high as 1 m M did not inhibit cell growth in culture medium supplemented with undialyzed serum. In contrast, when NS was inhibited by DP or in medium depleted of @entity2642 and nucleobases, sensitivity to @entity1500 was seen at nanomolar concentrations. In medium with dialyzed serum, @entity1014 and @entity3625 provided dose-dependent protection from @entity1500 @entity137 at concentrations similar to those seen in @entity1 plasma. No evidence of other significant mechanisms of resistance were found. All four cell lines were sensitive to 3-day exposures to @entity2592 (IC50 0.22 to 2.88 micro M) and @entity12948 (IC50 0.09 to 0.95 micro M). CONCLUSIONS: Salvage of de novo @entity377 synthesis inhibition by extracellular @entity1014 and @entity3625 , at physiologically relevant concentrations, contributes to resistance to @entity1500 in @entity421 . However, this same process may impart a collateral sensitivity to @entity2353 analogs. These findings support clinical trials for @entity1 with @entity421 using @entity2353 analogs, either alone or in combination.

title: @entity421 cells, resistant to @entity1499 due to @entity2353 and nucleobase salvage, are sensitive to XXXX analogs.

answer: @entity2353 :: (CHEBI:33838,Chemical) :: ['nucleoside']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test a novel strategy for overcoming intrinsic resistance to @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity421 ( @entity421 ) due to @entity2353 and nucleobase salvage (NS). METHODS: Four @entity421 cell lines, found to be highly resistant to @entity1500 , were tested to determine the dominant mechanism of resistance. Sensitivity to @entity1500 was tested in the presence of dialyzed serum or the transport inhibitor @entity4341 (DP) to confirm the contribution of NS to @entity1500 resistance. We then investigated whether increased NS activity could be exploited using cytotoxic @entity2353 analogs. RESULTS: Like other cell types, @entity421 cells are capable of circumventing inhibition of de novo @entity377 synthesis by relying on NS. @entity1500 , at concentrations as high as 1 m M did not inhibit cell growth in culture medium supplemented with undialyzed serum. In contrast, when NS was inhibited by DP or in medium depleted of @entity2642 and nucleobases, sensitivity to @entity1500 was seen at nanomolar concentrations. In medium with dialyzed serum, @entity1014 and @entity3625 provided dose-dependent protection from @entity1500 @entity137 at concentrations similar to those seen in @entity1 plasma. No evidence of other significant mechanisms of resistance were found. All four cell lines were sensitive to 3-day exposures to @entity2592 (IC50 0.22 to 2.88 micro M) and @entity12948 (IC50 0.09 to 0.95 micro M). CONCLUSIONS: Salvage of de novo @entity377 synthesis inhibition by extracellular @entity1014 and @entity3625 , at physiologically relevant concentrations, contributes to resistance to @entity1500 in @entity421 . However, this same process may impart a collateral sensitivity to @entity2353 analogs. These findings support clinical trials for @entity1 with @entity421 using @entity2353 analogs, either alone or in combination.

title: @entity421 cells, resistant to XXXX due to @entity2353 and nucleobase salvage, are sensitive to @entity2353 analogs.

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test a novel strategy for overcoming intrinsic resistance to @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity421 ( @entity421 ) due to @entity2353 and nucleobase salvage (NS). METHODS: Four @entity421 cell lines, found to be highly resistant to @entity1500 , were tested to determine the dominant mechanism of resistance. Sensitivity to @entity1500 was tested in the presence of dialyzed serum or the transport inhibitor @entity4341 (DP) to confirm the contribution of NS to @entity1500 resistance. We then investigated whether increased NS activity could be exploited using cytotoxic @entity2353 analogs. RESULTS: Like other cell types, @entity421 cells are capable of circumventing inhibition of de novo @entity377 synthesis by relying on NS. @entity1500 , at concentrations as high as 1 m M did not inhibit cell growth in culture medium supplemented with undialyzed serum. In contrast, when NS was inhibited by DP or in medium depleted of @entity2642 and nucleobases, sensitivity to @entity1500 was seen at nanomolar concentrations. In medium with dialyzed serum, @entity1014 and @entity3625 provided dose-dependent protection from @entity1500 @entity137 at concentrations similar to those seen in @entity1 plasma. No evidence of other significant mechanisms of resistance were found. All four cell lines were sensitive to 3-day exposures to @entity2592 (IC50 0.22 to 2.88 micro M) and @entity12948 (IC50 0.09 to 0.95 micro M). CONCLUSIONS: Salvage of de novo @entity377 synthesis inhibition by extracellular @entity1014 and @entity3625 , at physiologically relevant concentrations, contributes to resistance to @entity1500 in @entity421 . However, this same process may impart a collateral sensitivity to @entity2353 analogs. These findings support clinical trials for @entity1 with @entity421 using @entity2353 analogs, either alone or in combination.

title: XXXX cells, resistant to @entity1499 due to @entity2353 and nucleobase salvage, are sensitive to @entity2353 analogs.

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Osteosarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report long-term disease control, survival, and @entity137 for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 prospectively treated with concurrent proton therapy and chemotherapy on a nonrandomized case-only observational study. METHODS: All @entity1 received passive-scatter proton therapy, planned with 4D-CT-based simulation; all received proton therapy concurrent with weekly chemotherapy. Endpoints were local and distant control, disease-free survival (DFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: The 134 @entity1 (21 stage II, 113 stage III; median age 69years) had a median gross @entity5 volume (GTV) of 70cm(3) (range, 5-753cm(3)); 77 @entity1 (57%) received 74Gy(RBE), and 57 (42%) received 60-72Gy(RBE) (range, 60-74.1Gy(RBE)). At a median follow-up time of 4.7years, median @entity1349 times were 40.4months (stage II) and 30.4months (stage III). Five-year DFS rates were 17.3% (stage II) and 18.0% (stage III). @entity1349 , DFS, and local and distant control rates at 5years did not differ by disease stage. Age and GTV were related to @entity1349 and DFS. @entity137 was tolerable, with 1 grade 4 @entity2910 and 16 grade 3 events (2 @entity55 , 6 @entity2910 , 8 @entity1909 ). CONCLUSION: This report of outcomes after proton therapy for 134 @entity1 indicated that this regimen produced excellent @entity1349 with tolerable @entity137 .

title: Long-term outcomes after proton therapy, with concurrent chemotherapy, for stage II-III inoperable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotics and @entity10227 have been employed in the management of fistulizing @entity30 , although evidence of their efficacy is rare. AIM: To evaluate, in a prospective, open-label study, the influence of antibiotics and @entity500 on the clinical outcome of perianal @entity292 in @entity1 with @entity30 . METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 entered the study, starting with an 8-week regimen of @entity2177 (500-1000 mg/day) and/or @entity868 (1000-1500 mg/day). Seventeen @entity1 had already received daily @entity500 (2-2.5 mg/kg) at enrollment, whereas in 14 @entity1 @entity500 was initiated after 8 weeks of antibiotic treatment. Outcome was evaluated by Fistula Drainage Assessment and the @entity66 Activity Index at weeks 8 and 20. RESULTS: Overall, 26 @entity1 (50%) responded to antibiotic treatment, with complete healing in 25% of @entity1 at week 8. The @entity66 Activity Index decreased significantly from 8.4 +/- 2.9 to 6.0 +/- 4.0 (P < 0.0001). At week 20, the outcome was assessed in 49 @entity1 (94%), 29 of whom (59%) had received @entity500 . Response was noted in 17 of the 49 @entity1 (35%), with complete healing in nine @entity1 (18%). @entity1 who received @entity500 were more likely to achieve a response (48%) than those without immunosuppression (15%) (P = 0.03). The @entity66 Activity Index was closely associated with treatment response and perianal disease activity. CONCLUSION: Antibiotics are useful to induce a short-term response in perianal @entity30 , and may provide a bridging strategy to @entity500 , which seems to be essential for the maintenance of fistula improvement.

title: Antibiotics and @entity500 for the treatment of perianal XXXX in @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Perianal Disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity10227 :: ('CHEBI:35666', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopurines']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotics and @entity10227 have been employed in the management of fistulizing @entity30 , although evidence of their efficacy is rare. AIM: To evaluate, in a prospective, open-label study, the influence of antibiotics and @entity500 on the clinical outcome of perianal @entity292 in @entity1 with @entity30 . METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 entered the study, starting with an 8-week regimen of @entity2177 (500-1000 mg/day) and/or @entity868 (1000-1500 mg/day). Seventeen @entity1 had already received daily @entity500 (2-2.5 mg/kg) at enrollment, whereas in 14 @entity1 @entity500 was initiated after 8 weeks of antibiotic treatment. Outcome was evaluated by Fistula Drainage Assessment and the @entity66 Activity Index at weeks 8 and 20. RESULTS: Overall, 26 @entity1 (50%) responded to antibiotic treatment, with complete healing in 25% of @entity1 at week 8. The @entity66 Activity Index decreased significantly from 8.4 +/- 2.9 to 6.0 +/- 4.0 (P < 0.0001). At week 20, the outcome was assessed in 49 @entity1 (94%), 29 of whom (59%) had received @entity500 . Response was noted in 17 of the 49 @entity1 (35%), with complete healing in nine @entity1 (18%). @entity1 who received @entity500 were more likely to achieve a response (48%) than those without immunosuppression (15%) (P = 0.03). The @entity66 Activity Index was closely associated with treatment response and perianal disease activity. CONCLUSION: Antibiotics are useful to induce a short-term response in perianal @entity30 , and may provide a bridging strategy to @entity500 , which seems to be essential for the maintenance of fistula improvement.

title: Antibiotics and @entity500 for the treatment of perianal @entity292 in XXXX .

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotics and @entity10227 have been employed in the management of fistulizing @entity30 , although evidence of their efficacy is rare. AIM: To evaluate, in a prospective, open-label study, the influence of antibiotics and @entity500 on the clinical outcome of perianal @entity292 in @entity1 with @entity30 . METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 entered the study, starting with an 8-week regimen of @entity2177 (500-1000 mg/day) and/or @entity868 (1000-1500 mg/day). Seventeen @entity1 had already received daily @entity500 (2-2.5 mg/kg) at enrollment, whereas in 14 @entity1 @entity500 was initiated after 8 weeks of antibiotic treatment. Outcome was evaluated by Fistula Drainage Assessment and the @entity66 Activity Index at weeks 8 and 20. RESULTS: Overall, 26 @entity1 (50%) responded to antibiotic treatment, with complete healing in 25% of @entity1 at week 8. The @entity66 Activity Index decreased significantly from 8.4 +/- 2.9 to 6.0 +/- 4.0 (P < 0.0001). At week 20, the outcome was assessed in 49 @entity1 (94%), 29 of whom (59%) had received @entity500 . Response was noted in 17 of the 49 @entity1 (35%), with complete healing in nine @entity1 (18%). @entity1 who received @entity500 were more likely to achieve a response (48%) than those without immunosuppression (15%) (P = 0.03). The @entity66 Activity Index was closely associated with treatment response and perianal disease activity. CONCLUSION: Antibiotics are useful to induce a short-term response in perianal @entity30 , and may provide a bridging strategy to @entity500 , which seems to be essential for the maintenance of fistula improvement.

title: Antibiotics and XXXX for the treatment of perianal @entity292 in @entity30 .

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['azathioprine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to provide an updated analysis of @entity5 mortality rates and long-term trends to 2013 to describe the current level of @entity204 and identify changes in recent decades. METHODS: Data on number of @entity204 from @entity5 in @entity1 aged under 15  years were derived from Vital Statistics in Japan and the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database for comparison countries. Trends in mortality were examined by fitting a joinpoint regression model. RESULTS: For all @entity5 combined, the mortality rate during 2010-2013 was 19.9 per 1,000,000 population for @entity1 and 17.5 for @entity1 in Japan. Mortality from all @entity5 combined decreased significantly from 1980 to 2003 for @entity1 and from 1980 to 2001 for @entity1 . Afterwards, the rates remained stable for both sexes. Mortality from @entity1778 declined over the entire study period by 4.6  % per year (p   <0.05) in @entity1 and 4.3  % per year (p   <0.05) in @entity1 . For central nervous system (CNS) @entity5 , a slight increase in mortality was observed for both sexes, with a statistically significant annual percent change (APC) of 0.5  % (p   <0.05) for @entity1 and 0.6  % (p   <0.05) for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We provided updated information on recent trends of @entity5 death. The establishment of a nationwide, @entity5 registry is required in Japan. Moreover, trends in @entity5 mortality should be monitored continuously.

title: XXXX mortality in Japan, 1980-2013.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'childhood cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Childhood cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity279 of the central nervous system are rare @entity5 that can occur as @entity5 of @entity280 . With the availability of magnetic resonance imaging, asymptomatic @entity5 are detected more frequently, especially among @entity1 with @entity280 , and the questions of whether and when these lesions should be treated arise. To identify surgical outcomes and the timing of surgery for @entity279 , we retrospectively analyzed data for a series of 28 consecutive @entity1 whom we surgically treated for @entity279 in the past 10 years. METHODS: All @entity5 were completely removed. Functional grades, according to the McCormick scale, were determined before and after surgery and in follow-up assessments. Several clinical characteristics were correlated with changes in functional grades in follow-up assessments, compared with preoperative grades. RESULTS: Functional grades in follow-up assessments improved for 28.6% of the @entity1 and remained unchanged for 71.4%. No @entity1 was in worse condition, compared with preoperative status. Peritumoral @entity4 on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans was correlated with significantly higher surgical morbidity rates. Four asymptomatic @entity1 were surgically treated because of @entity5 or pseudocyst progression on serial magnetic resonance imaging scans. All of those @entity1 remained asymptomatic postoperatively. CONCLUSION: @entity279 can be removed with low surgical morbidity rates and excellent long-term prognoses. The timing of surgery for @entity1 with @entity280 and @entity75 remains a matter of debate. On the basis of our data, we established the strategy of operating also on asymptomatic lesions that exhibit radiological progression, before significant @entity51 occur, which are often not reversible.

title: Treatment of @entity279 , with special attention to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity279 :: ('MESH:D018325', 'Disease') :: ['Intramedullary hemangioblastomas', 'Hemangioblastomas', 'intramedullary hemangioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumors', 'sporadic lesions or as component tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant von Hippel-Lindau disease', 'von Hippel-Lindau disease']

answer: @entity280 :: (MESH:D006623,Disease) :: ['von Hippel-Lindau disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity279 of the central nervous system are rare @entity5 that can occur as @entity5 of @entity280 . With the availability of magnetic resonance imaging, asymptomatic @entity5 are detected more frequently, especially among @entity1 with @entity280 , and the questions of whether and when these lesions should be treated arise. To identify surgical outcomes and the timing of surgery for @entity279 , we retrospectively analyzed data for a series of 28 consecutive @entity1 whom we surgically treated for @entity279 in the past 10 years. METHODS: All @entity5 were completely removed. Functional grades, according to the McCormick scale, were determined before and after surgery and in follow-up assessments. Several clinical characteristics were correlated with changes in functional grades in follow-up assessments, compared with preoperative grades. RESULTS: Functional grades in follow-up assessments improved for 28.6% of the @entity1 and remained unchanged for 71.4%. No @entity1 was in worse condition, compared with preoperative status. Peritumoral @entity4 on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans was correlated with significantly higher surgical morbidity rates. Four asymptomatic @entity1 were surgically treated because of @entity5 or pseudocyst progression on serial magnetic resonance imaging scans. All of those @entity1 remained asymptomatic postoperatively. CONCLUSION: @entity279 can be removed with low surgical morbidity rates and excellent long-term prognoses. The timing of surgery for @entity1 with @entity280 and @entity75 remains a matter of debate. On the basis of our data, we established the strategy of operating also on asymptomatic lesions that exhibit radiological progression, before significant @entity51 occur, which are often not reversible.

title: Treatment of XXXX , with special attention to @entity280 .

answer: @entity279 :: (MESH:D018325,Disease) :: ['intramedullary hemangioblastomas']


abstract: The clinical features of @entity378 media (TOM) have changed. This study was performed to evaluate changing trends in the clinical manifestations of TOM. We reviewed a series of 12 cases of TOM (13 ears) recently treated at Osaka Prefectural Habikino Hospital. The results showed a mean age of 41 years and a male predominance of 1.4 to 1. Central or total perforations of the tympanic membrane were observed in most cases, but none of the @entity1 had multiple perforations. Nine @entity1 (75%) had @entity1907 . Normal lung status or @entity1907 was significantly more frequent in the older age group. Diagnosis of primary TOM required more time than that of secondary TOM. Most cases of primary TOM had high infectiousness of the @entity75 . We summarize the clinical features of @entity1 who should be evaluated for TOM.

title: XXXX media: clinical aspects of 12 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous otitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['active pulmonary tuberculosis', 'inactive pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculous otitis']


abstract: @entity8778 has single-drug activity in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and may enhance the formation of the active metabolite ( @entity11402 ) of @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ). To evaluate the feasibility of adding intermittent @entity8778 to intermediate-dose ara-C (1 g/m2/2 h) b.i.d. for 4 d with @entity8779 (CCI), we performed a 2:1 randomized phase II trial in @entity3052 @entity1 aged over 60 years. Primary endpoints were time to recovery from cytopenia and need for supportive care following the first course. Sixty-three @entity1 (median 71 years, range 60-84 years) were included, constituting 72% of all eligible @entity1 . @entity137 was limited, with no differences between the treatment arms. The early toxic death rate was 11%. The median time to recovery from neutropenia and @entity882 was 22 and 17 d from the start of course no. 1, respectively, and the requirement for platelet and red cell transfusions was four and eight units respectively. @entity1 had a median of 8 d with fever over 38 degrees C, and 17 d with intravenous antibiotic treatment. The overall complete remission (CR) rate was 62%, with 51% CR from one course of CCI in comparison with 35% for the two-drug therapy (P = 0.014). The median survival with a 2-year follow-up was 14 months, and the 2-year survival was over 30%, with no differences between the treatment arms. Considering the median age and our population-based approach, the overall results are encouraging.

title: Increased remissions from one course for intermediate-dose @entity2592 and XXXX in elderly @entity3052 when combined with @entity8778 . A randomized population-based phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['Cladribine', 'cladribine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'ara-C']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity8779 :: (MESH:D015255,Chemical) :: ['idarubicin']


abstract: @entity8778 has single-drug activity in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and may enhance the formation of the active metabolite ( @entity11402 ) of @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ). To evaluate the feasibility of adding intermittent @entity8778 to intermediate-dose ara-C (1 g/m2/2 h) b.i.d. for 4 d with @entity8779 (CCI), we performed a 2:1 randomized phase II trial in @entity3052 @entity1 aged over 60 years. Primary endpoints were time to recovery from cytopenia and need for supportive care following the first course. Sixty-three @entity1 (median 71 years, range 60-84 years) were included, constituting 72% of all eligible @entity1 . @entity137 was limited, with no differences between the treatment arms. The early toxic death rate was 11%. The median time to recovery from neutropenia and @entity882 was 22 and 17 d from the start of course no. 1, respectively, and the requirement for platelet and red cell transfusions was four and eight units respectively. @entity1 had a median of 8 d with fever over 38 degrees C, and 17 d with intravenous antibiotic treatment. The overall complete remission (CR) rate was 62%, with 51% CR from one course of CCI in comparison with 35% for the two-drug therapy (P = 0.014). The median survival with a 2-year follow-up was 14 months, and the 2-year survival was over 30%, with no differences between the treatment arms. Considering the median age and our population-based approach, the overall results are encouraging.

title: Increased remissions from one course for intermediate-dose @entity2592 and @entity8779 in elderly @entity3052 when combined with XXXX . A randomized population-based phase II study.

answer: @entity8778 :: (MESH:D017338,Chemical) :: ['cladribine']


abstract: @entity8778 has single-drug activity in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and may enhance the formation of the active metabolite ( @entity11402 ) of @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ). To evaluate the feasibility of adding intermittent @entity8778 to intermediate-dose ara-C (1 g/m2/2 h) b.i.d. for 4 d with @entity8779 (CCI), we performed a 2:1 randomized phase II trial in @entity3052 @entity1 aged over 60 years. Primary endpoints were time to recovery from cytopenia and need for supportive care following the first course. Sixty-three @entity1 (median 71 years, range 60-84 years) were included, constituting 72% of all eligible @entity1 . @entity137 was limited, with no differences between the treatment arms. The early toxic death rate was 11%. The median time to recovery from neutropenia and @entity882 was 22 and 17 d from the start of course no. 1, respectively, and the requirement for platelet and red cell transfusions was four and eight units respectively. @entity1 had a median of 8 d with fever over 38 degrees C, and 17 d with intravenous antibiotic treatment. The overall complete remission (CR) rate was 62%, with 51% CR from one course of CCI in comparison with 35% for the two-drug therapy (P = 0.014). The median survival with a 2-year follow-up was 14 months, and the 2-year survival was over 30%, with no differences between the treatment arms. Considering the median age and our population-based approach, the overall results are encouraging.

title: Increased remissions from one course for intermediate-dose XXXX and @entity8779 in elderly @entity3052 when combined with @entity8778 . A randomized population-based phase II study.

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['cytosine arabinoside']


abstract: @entity8778 has single-drug activity in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and may enhance the formation of the active metabolite ( @entity11402 ) of @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ). To evaluate the feasibility of adding intermittent @entity8778 to intermediate-dose ara-C (1 g/m2/2 h) b.i.d. for 4 d with @entity8779 (CCI), we performed a 2:1 randomized phase II trial in @entity3052 @entity1 aged over 60 years. Primary endpoints were time to recovery from cytopenia and need for supportive care following the first course. Sixty-three @entity1 (median 71 years, range 60-84 years) were included, constituting 72% of all eligible @entity1 . @entity137 was limited, with no differences between the treatment arms. The early toxic death rate was 11%. The median time to recovery from neutropenia and @entity882 was 22 and 17 d from the start of course no. 1, respectively, and the requirement for platelet and red cell transfusions was four and eight units respectively. @entity1 had a median of 8 d with fever over 38 degrees C, and 17 d with intravenous antibiotic treatment. The overall complete remission (CR) rate was 62%, with 51% CR from one course of CCI in comparison with 35% for the two-drug therapy (P = 0.014). The median survival with a 2-year follow-up was 14 months, and the 2-year survival was over 30%, with no differences between the treatment arms. Considering the median age and our population-based approach, the overall results are encouraging.

title: Increased remissions from one course for intermediate-dose @entity2592 and @entity8779 in elderly XXXX when combined with @entity8778 . A randomized population-based phase II study.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A novel method of harvesting whole-plant @entity4336 silage, shredlage, may increase kernel processing and physically effective fiber. Improved fiber effectiveness may be especially advantageous when feeding brown midrib (BMR) @entity4336 hybrids, which have reduced lignin content. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding TMR containing BMR @entity4336 shredlage (SHRD) compared with BMR conventionally processed @entity4336 silage (KP) or KP plus chopped alfalfa hay (KPH) on intake, lactation performance, and total-tract nutrient digestibility in dairy @entity291 . The KP was harvested using conventional rolls (2-mm gap) and the self-propelled forage harvester set at 19 mm of theoretical length of cut, whereas SHRD was harvested using novel cross-grooved rolls (2-mm gap) and the self-propelled forage harvester set at 26 mm of theoretical length of cut. Holstein @entity291 (n = 120; 81    8 d in @entity6155 at trial initiation), stratified by parity, days in @entity6155 , and @entity6155 yield, were randomly assigned to 15 pens of 8 @entity291 each. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment diets, SHRD, KP, or KPH, in a completely randomized design using a 2-wk covariate period with @entity291 fed a common diet followed by a 14-wk treatment period with @entity291 fed their assigned treatment diet. The TMR contained (dry matter basis) KP or SHRD forages (45%), alfalfa silage (10%), and a concentrate mixture (45%). Hay replaced 10% of KP silage in the KPH treatment TMR (dry matter basis). @entity6155 , protein, and lactose yields were 3.4, 0.08, and 0.16 kg/d greater, respectively, for @entity291 fed KP and SHRD than KPH. A week by treatment interaction was detected for @entity6155 yield, such that @entity291 fed SHRD produced or tended to produce 1.5 kg/d per @entity291 more @entity6155 , on average, than @entity291 fed KP during 6 of the 14 treatment weeks. Component-corrected @entity6155 yields were similar among treatments. @entity291 fed KPH had greater @entity6155 fat concentration than @entity291 fed KP and SHRD (3.67 vs. 3.30% on average). Consumption of dry matter, rumination activity, and sorting behavior were similar among treatments. Ruminal in situ starch digestibility was greater for SHRD than KP forages, and total-tract dietary starch digestibility was greater for SHRD than KP. @entity6155 yield and starch digestibility were greater for SHRD than KP. Lack of improvement in @entity6155 fat content and rumination activity for SHRD compared with KP and reduced @entity6155 fat content for SHRD compared with KPH, however, suggest no improvement in physically effective fiber from the longer theoretical length of cut used with SHRD in a BMR hybrid.

title: Brown midrib @entity4336 shredlage in diets for high-producing dairy XXXX .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A novel method of harvesting whole-plant @entity4336 silage, shredlage, may increase kernel processing and physically effective fiber. Improved fiber effectiveness may be especially advantageous when feeding brown midrib (BMR) @entity4336 hybrids, which have reduced lignin content. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding TMR containing BMR @entity4336 shredlage (SHRD) compared with BMR conventionally processed @entity4336 silage (KP) or KP plus chopped alfalfa hay (KPH) on intake, lactation performance, and total-tract nutrient digestibility in dairy @entity291 . The KP was harvested using conventional rolls (2-mm gap) and the self-propelled forage harvester set at 19 mm of theoretical length of cut, whereas SHRD was harvested using novel cross-grooved rolls (2-mm gap) and the self-propelled forage harvester set at 26 mm of theoretical length of cut. Holstein @entity291 (n = 120; 81    8 d in @entity6155 at trial initiation), stratified by parity, days in @entity6155 , and @entity6155 yield, were randomly assigned to 15 pens of 8 @entity291 each. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment diets, SHRD, KP, or KPH, in a completely randomized design using a 2-wk covariate period with @entity291 fed a common diet followed by a 14-wk treatment period with @entity291 fed their assigned treatment diet. The TMR contained (dry matter basis) KP or SHRD forages (45%), alfalfa silage (10%), and a concentrate mixture (45%). Hay replaced 10% of KP silage in the KPH treatment TMR (dry matter basis). @entity6155 , protein, and lactose yields were 3.4, 0.08, and 0.16 kg/d greater, respectively, for @entity291 fed KP and SHRD than KPH. A week by treatment interaction was detected for @entity6155 yield, such that @entity291 fed SHRD produced or tended to produce 1.5 kg/d per @entity291 more @entity6155 , on average, than @entity291 fed KP during 6 of the 14 treatment weeks. Component-corrected @entity6155 yields were similar among treatments. @entity291 fed KPH had greater @entity6155 fat concentration than @entity291 fed KP and SHRD (3.67 vs. 3.30% on average). Consumption of dry matter, rumination activity, and sorting behavior were similar among treatments. Ruminal in situ starch digestibility was greater for SHRD than KP forages, and total-tract dietary starch digestibility was greater for SHRD than KP. @entity6155 yield and starch digestibility were greater for SHRD than KP. Lack of improvement in @entity6155 fat content and rumination activity for SHRD compared with KP and reduced @entity6155 fat content for SHRD compared with KPH, however, suggest no improvement in physically effective fiber from the longer theoretical length of cut used with SHRD in a BMR hybrid.

title: Brown midrib XXXX shredlage in diets for high-producing dairy @entity291 .

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['corn']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity742 babesiosis occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical areas. The @entity742 parasite @entity743 sp. Xinjiang is widespread in China, and our goal is to characterize rap-1 (rhoptry-associated protein 1) gene diversity and expression as a first step of a long term goal aiming at developing a recombinant subunit vaccine. Seven different @entity70570 genes were amplified in @entity743 sp. Xinjiang, using degenerate primers designed from conserved motifs. @entity70571 and rap-1c gene types could not be identified. In all seven @entity70570 genes, the 5' regions exhibited identical sequences over 936nt, and the 3' regions differed at 28 positions over 147nt, defining two types of genes designated a and b. The remaining 3' part varied from 72 to 360nt in length, depending on the gene. This region consists of a succession of two to ten 36nt repeats, which explains the size differences. Even if the @entity4334 sequences varied, 6 repeats encoded the same stretch of @entity1522 . Transcription of at least four a and two b genes was demonstrated by standard RT-PCR.

title: Rhoptry-associated protein (rap-1) genes in the XXXX pathogen @entity743 sp. Xinjiang: Multiple transcribed copies differing by 3' end repeated sequences.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity742 babesiosis occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical areas. The @entity742 parasite @entity743 sp. Xinjiang is widespread in China, and our goal is to characterize rap-1 (rhoptry-associated protein 1) gene diversity and expression as a first step of a long term goal aiming at developing a recombinant subunit vaccine. Seven different @entity70570 genes were amplified in @entity743 sp. Xinjiang, using degenerate primers designed from conserved motifs. @entity70571 and rap-1c gene types could not be identified. In all seven @entity70570 genes, the 5' regions exhibited identical sequences over 936nt, and the 3' regions differed at 28 positions over 147nt, defining two types of genes designated a and b. The remaining 3' part varied from 72 to 360nt in length, depending on the gene. This region consists of a succession of two to ten 36nt repeats, which explains the size differences. Even if the @entity4334 sequences varied, 6 repeats encoded the same stretch of @entity1522 . Transcription of at least four a and two b genes was demonstrated by standard RT-PCR.

title: Rhoptry-associated protein (rap-1) genes in the @entity742 pathogen XXXX sp. Xinjiang: Multiple transcribed copies differing by 3' end repeated sequences.

answer: @entity743 :: (MESH:D001404,Disease) :: ['Babesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present and evaluate an unselected national single center strategy with fertility preserving trachelectomy in @entity5 . In 2003 nationwide single-center referral of @entity1 for trachelectomies was agreed upon between all Danish departments performing @entity5 surgery with the purpose of increasing volume, to increase surgical safety and facilitate follow-up. METHODS: Prospective data were recorded in the Danish Gynecological Cancer Database of all Vaginal Radical Trachelectomies (VRT) performed in Denmark between 2002 and 2013. Oncologic, fertility and obstetrical outcomes of 120 unselected consecutive VRTs were assessed. To obtain complete follow-up about fertility treatment, pregnancy and obstetric outcome the @entity1 filled out an electronic questionnaire. Median follow-up: 55.7 months. RESULTS: 85.8% of the @entity1 had stage @entity3846 disease, 68.3% squamous cell carcinomas, 30.0% adenocarcinomas and 1.7% adenosquamous carcinomas. Six recurrences (5.1%) and 2 deaths (1.7%) occurred. Four @entity1 with adenocarcinomas (10.5%) had recurrences, compared to two @entity1 with squamous cell carcinomas (2.5%). Seventy-two @entity1 (60.0%) desired to conceive and 55 @entity1 obtained a total of 77 pregnancies. Of the 72 @entity1 40 were referred to fertility treatment. First and second trimester miscarriage rates were 21.6% and 2.7%, respectively. A total of 53 @entity1 were born of which 41 were delivered after gestational week 34. CONCLUSION: This unselected national single center referral study confirms the oncological safety of Vaginal Radical Trachelectomy. The complete follow-up regarding reproductive data, reveals a surprisingly extensive need of fertility treatment and due to the rate of prematurity, these pregnancies must be regarded as high-risk pregnancies.

title: Vaginal Radical Trachelectomy for early XXXX . Results of the Danish National Single Center Strategy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage cervical cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To clone and characterize sanO, a gene involved in the biosynthesis of @entity70572 in Streptomyces ansochromogenes. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 4.5-kb BamHI-KpnI fragment was cloned and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed that this fragment contains three complete open reading frames. The largest one with 2034 bp was designated sanO, which encodes a protein consisting of 667 @entity1522 with high similarity to module of peptide synthetase. sanO disruption mutants produced no @entity70573 , but formed @entity70574 at almost the same level of the wild-type strain. The production of @entity70573 can be recovered by genetic complementation of sanO disruption mutants. Primer extension also revealed that transcription start point(tsp) of sanO was localized 87 bp upstream of the potential start codon (GTG). CONCLUSIONS: sanO was essential for the biosynthesis of @entity70573 . SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Nikkomycins have received increased interest of study because of their prospective application in agriculture and medicine. Cloning and characterization of genes involved in the @entity70574 biosynthesis will help to elucidate the whole biosynthetic pathway of nikkomycins.

title: Cloning and characterization of sanO, a gene involved in XXXX biosynthesis in Streptomyces ansochromogenes.

entities_list: @entity70573 :: ('MESH:C049372', 'Chemical') :: ['nikkomycin X']

entities_list: @entity70574 :: ('MESH:C011952', 'Chemical') :: ['nikkomycin Z', 'nikkomycin']

entities_list: @entity70572 :: ('CHEBI:59668', 'Chemical') :: ['nikkomycins']

answer: @entity70574 :: (MESH:C011952,Chemical) :: ['nikkomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to construct and validate a brief, clinically-relevant symptom index for @entity263 . METHODS: Questions were extracted from a commonly-used multi-dimensional @entity5 quality of life instrument with prostate-specific items, the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P). Surveys of disease-related symptoms were presented to an international sample of 44 expert physicians. Each expert narrowed the list to no more than five of the most important symptoms or concerns to monitor when assessing the value of treatment for @entity263 . Symptoms/concerns endorsed at a frequency greater than chance probability (17%) were retained for the symptom index and called the FACT Advanced Prostate Symptom Index-8 (FAPSI-8): @entity158 (three items), @entity1295 , @entity353 , urinary difficulties (two items), and concern about the condition becoming worse. The FAPSI-8 was validated using data from a clinical trial of 288 @entity1 being treated for hormone @entity263 . RESULTS: The FAPSI-8 showed good internal consistency (r = 0.67-0.80); association with existing FACT scales (e.g., FACT-P, Physical Well-being, Functional Well-being; r = 0.44-0.85, p <.0001), responsiveness to clinical change (Guyatt's Responsiveness statistic = 1.29), and ability to differentiate @entity1 by performance status (p <.0001). A six-item alternate version of the FAPSI was also evaluated with comparable results. CONCLUSIONS: This project produced a reliable and valid list of the eight most important clinician-rated targets of drug therapy for @entity263 . These questions perform comparably to the longer derivative questionnaire. Examination of @entity1 agreement with this priority list and the extent to which changes in these 8 targets are related to meaningful clinical benefit to the @entity1 are important next steps for future research.

title: Brief assessment of priority symptoms in hormone XXXX : the FACT Advanced Prostate Symptom Index (FAPSI).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['refractory prostate cancer', 'advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['refractory prostate cancer']