abstract: Hemodynamic and renal function response to low-dose (100 and 200 micrograms/min) @entity935 infusion was studied in 15 adult cardiac surgical @entity1 who manifested combined @entity1458 and left @entity67 postoperatively. @entity1 were studied an average of 6.6 h after ICU admission, at normothermia and after 2 consecutive hourly urine output determinations of less than 0.5 ml/kg . h in the presence of a left @entity432 pressure over 12 mm Hg. @entity935 infusion at 100 micrograms/min produced improvement in @entity1011 , osmolar and free water clearances (70 +/- 10 to 115 +/- 13, 37 +/- 4 to 93 +/- 16 and --15 +/- 2 to --37 +/- 10 ml/min, respectively), and urinary @entity1372 concentration (15 +/- 5 to 29 +/- 10 mEq/L). Urine flow improved overall from 22 +/- 2 to 54 +/- 9 ml/h; however, in 9 of 15 @entity1 , flow was less than 0.5 ml/kg . h (33 +/- 5 to 50 +/- 6 ml/h). In each of these 9 @entity1 , @entity935 infusion at 20 micrograms/min further improved urine flow as well as measured renal function. Plasma @entity916 activity measured in 9 of the 15 @entity1 before and during the 100 micrograms/min @entity935 infusion was decreased from 1.95 +/- 0.57 to 0.73 +/- 0.39 ng/ml . h. The hemodynamic effect of both @entity935 doses was increased cardiac output coupled with decreased systemic (SVRI) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI). In these 15 @entity1 , low-dose @entity935 infusion produced significant improvement in renal function, with resolution of @entity1458 in every case, and with no deleterious hemodynamic effect.

title: Acute @entity1458 after cardiopulmonary bypass: renal functional improvement with low-dose XXXX infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['atrial or pulmonary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Hemodynamic and renal function response to low-dose (100 and 200 micrograms/min) @entity935 infusion was studied in 15 adult cardiac surgical @entity1 who manifested combined @entity1458 and left @entity67 postoperatively. @entity1 were studied an average of 6.6 h after ICU admission, at normothermia and after 2 consecutive hourly urine output determinations of less than 0.5 ml/kg . h in the presence of a left @entity432 pressure over 12 mm Hg. @entity935 infusion at 100 micrograms/min produced improvement in @entity1011 , osmolar and free water clearances (70 +/- 10 to 115 +/- 13, 37 +/- 4 to 93 +/- 16 and --15 +/- 2 to --37 +/- 10 ml/min, respectively), and urinary @entity1372 concentration (15 +/- 5 to 29 +/- 10 mEq/L). Urine flow improved overall from 22 +/- 2 to 54 +/- 9 ml/h; however, in 9 of 15 @entity1 , flow was less than 0.5 ml/kg . h (33 +/- 5 to 50 +/- 6 ml/h). In each of these 9 @entity1 , @entity935 infusion at 20 micrograms/min further improved urine flow as well as measured renal function. Plasma @entity916 activity measured in 9 of the 15 @entity1 before and during the 100 micrograms/min @entity935 infusion was decreased from 1.95 +/- 0.57 to 0.73 +/- 0.39 ng/ml . h. The hemodynamic effect of both @entity935 doses was increased cardiac output coupled with decreased systemic (SVRI) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI). In these 15 @entity1 , low-dose @entity935 infusion produced significant improvement in renal function, with resolution of @entity1458 in every case, and with no deleterious hemodynamic effect.

title: Acute XXXX after cardiopulmonary bypass: renal functional improvement with low-dose @entity935 infusion.

answer: @entity1458 :: (MESH:D009846,Disease) :: ['oliguria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cough and deglutition are protective mechanisms that defend against @entity1173 . We identified mechanisms associated with cough provocation as well as those associated with cough resolution in @entity1 with @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ). METHODS: Manometry signatures of cough were recognized in 16 premature @entity1 with @entity2107 undergoing concurrent esophageal manometry, respiratory inductance plethysmography, and nasal air flow measurements. Pretussive and post-tussive pharyngo-esophageal motility changes were analyzed. Mechanisms associated with cough and mechanisms that restored respiratory and esophageal normalcy were analyzed. RESULTS: We analyzed 312 cough events during 88 cough clusters; 97% were associated with recognizable manometric patterns. Initial mechanisms related with coughing included nonpropagating swallow (59%), upper esophageal sphincter (UES) reflex contraction (18%), and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation (14%). UES and @entity1690 was present in 69% of nonpropagating swallow-associated cough clusters. Mechanisms restoring post-tussive normalcy included primary peristalsis (84%), secondary peristalsis (8%), and none recognized (8%). UES contraction reflex was associated with cough clusters more frequently in @entity1 on nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) (OR = 9.13, 95% CI = 1.88-44.24). CONCLUSION: Cough clusters in @entity1 with @entity2107 had identifiable etiologies associated with esophageal events; common initial mechanisms were of upper aerodigestive origin, while common clearing mechanisms were peristaltic reflexes.

title: Mechanisms of cough provocation and cough resolution in neonates with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['LES dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity2107 :: (MESH:D001997,Disease) :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']


abstract: Serological detection of @entity2025 ( @entity2025 ) antibodies is frequently used in @entity189 ( @entity189 ) mass screening. However, the large number of seropositive subjects who require close follow-up is still a big burden. The present study aimed to detect the nasopharyngeal @entity2025 load in a high-risk population seropositive for antibodies against @entity2025 , as well as to examine whether assay for nasopharyngeal @entity2025 DNA load might reduce the number of high-risk subjects for follow-up and improve early detection of @entity189 . A prospective and population-based cohort study was conducted in southern China from 2006 through 2013. Among 22,186 @entity1 , 1045 subjects with serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies against viral capsid antigen (VCA) titers >=  1:5 were defined as high-risk group, and were then followed-up for @entity189 occurrence. Qualified nasopharyngeal swab specimens were available from 905 @entity1 and used for quantitative PCR assay. Our study revealed that 89% (802/905) subjects showed positive @entity2025 DNA in nasopharyngeal swab. The nasopharyngeal @entity2025 load in females was higher than that in males. The nasopharyngeal @entity2025 load increased with increasing serum VCA/IgA titers. Eight cases of newly diagnosed @entity189 showed an extremely elevated @entity2025 load, and 87.5% (7 of 8 @entity1 ) were early-stage NPCs. The @entity2025 loads of 8 NPCs were significantly higher than those of 897 @entity189 -free subjects (mean, 2.8*106 copies/swab [range 4.8*104-1.1*108] vs. 5.6*103 [range 0-3.8*106]). Using mean @entity2025 load in @entity189 -free population plus two standard deviations as cut-off value, a higher diagnostic performance was obtained for @entity2025 load test than serum VCA/IgA test (area under ROC, 0.980 vs 0.895). In conclusion, in a prospective and population-based study we demonstrated that an additional assay of @entity2025 load in the nasopharynx among high-risk individuals may reduce the number of subjects needed to be closely followed up and could serve as part of a @entity189 screening program in high-risk populations.

title: Nasopharyngeal Epstein-Barr Virus Load: An Efficient Supplementary Method for Population-Based XXXX Screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['Epstein-Barr virus', 'EBV']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma']


abstract: Processing of @entity227 , with photoreceptors converting light stimuli into neural signals. Ultimately, signals are transmitted to the brain through signaling networks formed by interneurons, namely bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells providing input to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which form the optic nerve with their axons. As part of the chronic nature of @entity1781 , the increasing and irreversible damage and ultimately loss of neurons, RGCs in particular, occurs following progressive damage to the optic nerve head (ONH), eventually resulting in @entity227 . There are two behavioral assays that are typically used to assess @entity227 in @entity726 rodent models, the visual water task and the optokinetic drum. The visual water task can assess an animal's ability to distinguish grating patterns that are associated with an escape from water. The optokinetic drum relies on the optomotor response, a reflex turning of the head and neck in the direction of the visual stimuli, which usually consists of rotating black and white gratings. This reflex is a physiological response critical for keeping the image stable on the retina. Driven initially by the neuronal input from direction-selective RGCs, this reflex is comprised of a number of critical sensory and motor elements. In the presence of repeatable and defined stimuli, this reflex is extremely well suited to analyze subtle changes in the circuitry and performance of @entity5995 neurons. Increasing the cycles of these alternating gratings per degree, or gradually reducing the contrast of the visual stimuli, threshold levels can be determined at which the animal is no longer tracking the stimuli, and thereby visual function of the animal can be determined non-invasively. Integrating these assays into an array of outcome measures that determine multiple aspects of visual function is a central goal in vision research and can be realized, for example, by the combination of measuring optomotor reflex function with electroretinograms (ERGs) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retina. These structure-function correlations in  vivo are urgently needed to identify disease mechanisms as potential new targets for drug development. Such a combination of the experimental assessment of the optokinetic reflex (OKR) or optomotor response (OMR) with other measures of retinal structure and function is especially valuable for research on GON. The chronic progression of the disease is characterized by a gradual decrease in function accompanied by a concomitant increase in structural @entity16 , therefore the assessment of subtle changes is key to determining the success of novel intervention strategies.

title: Psychophysical testing in rodent models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits', 'visual information begins in the retina', 'visual impairment and visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to the retina']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy']


abstract: The virion polypeptide composition of three independently isolated tree shrew herpesviruses ( @entity5240 ) was analysed by @entity214 - @entity2975 slab gel electrophoresis and by a two-dimensional technique using isoelectric focusing. Two of the virus isolates analysed were from @entity5 ; the other isolate ( @entity5240 1) was from an apparently healthy animal. The polypeptide patterns of the three purified @entity15066 isolates were remarkably similar, each consisting of at least 35 polypeptides ranging in mol. wt. from 12,000 to 230,000. Whilst the majority of analogous polypeptides of the three viruses were of indistinguishable electrophoretic mobility, some (e.g. polypeptides of 82K to 86K) showed small differences in apparent mol. wt. which were characteristic of the virus strain. Comparative @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis made it possible to distinguish the @entity15066 isolates from each other. At least five glycoproteins were found in purified @entity5240 virions. The two-dimensional electropherograms revealed at least 47 discernible protein spots, some of which were specific for a given @entity5240 isolate and which were detectable even in lysates of @entity5240 -infected cells.

title: Analysis of polypeptides of the tree shrew ( XXXX by gel electrophoresis.

entities_list: @entity15066 :: ('10397', 'Species') :: ['Tupaia herpesvirus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity15066 :: (10397,Species) :: ['Tupaia) herpesvirus']


abstract: The proteins of membrane and cytosol fractions from frozen @entity1 postmortem brain were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (isoelectric range: 5.1-6.0) and both @entity4482 and ammoniacal @entity575 staining. Cytosol preparations were analyzed from six different postmortem brains from @entity1 with various neurologic diagnoses and immediate causes of @entity204 . Intervals between @entity204 and brain freezing (-70 degrees C) ranged from 2 to 20 h. The vast majority of proteins detected in these cytosol fractions had identical molecular weights and isoelectric points in each of six @entity1 brains examined. However, in some tissue samples tubulin was either quantitatively decreased or undetectable. The possibility that this partial or complete depletion of tubulin was related to postmortem interval and/or brain freezing was studied using @entity35 forebrain tissue. @entity35 brain incubated at room temperature for up to 24 h did not reproduce the changes seen in the region of @entity1 cytosol tubulin. However, other changes seen in the two-dimensional electrophoretic pattern of @entity35 cytosol proteins did relate to postmortem interval, brain freezing, or both. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum were prepared from three @entity1 brains, with highly reproducible two-dimensional patterns. Protein analysis of these membrane fractions revealed that @entity1 RER contained significant amounts of tubulin, in contrast to @entity35 RER which contained no detectable tubulin. This discrepancy was elucidated by allowing @entity35 brains to remain at room temperature for 24 h before freezing; gels of @entity35 RER prepared from this tissue showed that tubulin subunits were present.

title: Characterization of postmortem XXXX brain proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4482 :: ('MESH:D018329', 'Disease') :: ['Coomassie-blue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: An experiment was designed to determine the effects of dietary @entity6193 on age and weight at puberty in @entity291 crossbred beef heifers. One hundred and forty heifers were allotted to two weight classes: heavy (H) and light (L) groups, consisting of heifers above and below the average weaning weight, respectively. Heifers within each weight class were assigned to one of three diets during a 203-d winter feeding period: (1) R, 80% roughage: 20% concentrate; (2) M1, R diet plus @entity6193 (200 mg/head daily) with feed intake restricted to produce @entity1017 ( @entity1017 ) similar to R and (3) M2, R diet plus @entity6193 (200 mg/head daily). @entity1017 was higher (P less than .001) for M2 heifers than for R and M1 heifers, which performed similarly. Age and weight at puberty were similar across treatments in L heifers. However, in the H group, HM1 and HM2 heifers were younger (P less than .07) at puberty than HR heifers and this difference was not removed by covariate adjustment of either @entity1017 or body weight. Weigh at puberty was greater (P less than .01) for HM2 heifers than for HM1 or HR heifers; however, this difference was removed by covariate adjustment of either @entity1017 or body weight. Ninety-one percent of LM2 heifers and 100% of all other groups had reached puberty before the breeding season. Pregnancy rates did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Supplementation of a high roughage diet with @entity6193 decreased age at puberty of heifers in the heavy weight class and this decrease was not due to increased body weight or @entity1017 . Perhaps heifers with above average weaning weight possess a greater inherent growth potential than heifers below the average weaning weight and hence are more capable of utilizing @entity6193 to an advantage.

title: Relationship of growth and puberty in beef heifers fed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6193 :: ('MESH:D008985', 'Chemical') :: ['monensin']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['average daily gains', 'ADG']

answer: @entity6193 :: (MESH:D008985,Chemical) :: ['monensin']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity10145 were treated at the Shriners Hospital for Crippled @entity1 , Chicago Unit, from 1953 to 1979. At the time of this study, ten of the @entity1 were skeletally mature after an average follow-up of 24.1 years. Two @entity1 had died, twelve could be examined, and eight who were unable to return for examination responded to a questionnaire. Eleven of the @entity1 had @entity6 mothers. Of the orthopaedic problems in these @entity1 , knee-flexion @entity1159 with popliteal webbing were the most difficult to correct. These deformities varied in severity with the level of the agenesis and the resulting loss of motor power. Other problems were dislocations and flexions @entity1159 of the @entity572 , @entity1635 , @entity85 of the foot, and instability at the spinal-pelvic junction. When there was inadequate quadriceps function it was difficult to correct knee-flexion @entity1159 and to prevent them from recurring. For severe @entity85 , @entity7687 and prosthetic fitting were the most effective treatment. @entity530 was not a problem in eighteen of the twenty surviving @entity1 . Unreduced dislocated @entity572 also did not cause any problems.

title: Orthopaedic management of XXXX . Long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal-pelvic instability']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity7687 :: ('MESH:D001184', 'Disease') :: ['knee disarticulation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['equinovarus deformities', 'knee deformity']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral agenesis']

answer: @entity10145 :: (MESH:C537221,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral agenesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the effects of @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) used prior to salvage cryoablation (SC) for the treatment of recurrent @entity263 after radiation. METHODS: @entity1 from the Cryo On-Line Database registry undergoing SC after radiation failure were divided according to whether they had previously received or not received @entity1949 . Baseline characteristics including demographics and presalvage @entity5 risk were compared. Biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS) as defined by the Phoenix criteria was compared between the 2 groups as a whole and also in D'Amico risk-stratified subgroups. In addition, postsurgical complications such as @entity9132 , retention, @entity322 , and @entity323 were compared. RESULTS: Two groups consisting of 254 and 486 @entity1 with and without pre-SC @entity1949 were analyzed. The @entity1 who received @entity1949 were younger (P  = .003) and had higher presalvage D'Amico risks (P  <.001). The 5-year bPFS was 63.8% and 39.3% for the hormone-na  ve and the pre-SC @entity1949 @entity1 , respectively (P  <.001). On subgroup analysis, the difference in 5-year bPFS was significant only for @entity1 with a high D'Amico @entity5 risk (54.3% vs 30.5%; P  = .013). On multivariate analysis, presalvage @entity1486 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.7), Gleason score  >= 8 (HR, 2.5), and use of pre-SC @entity1949 (HR, 1.7) correlated with biochemical recurrence. Additionally, @entity1 receiving pre-SC @entity1949 experienced less urinary retention (P  = .001) and @entity322 (P  = .008) but were more likely to be impotent (P  = .010). CONCLUSION: @entity1 receiving @entity1949 before SC, especially those with high-risk prostate @entity5 , had worse 5-year bPFS. Added caution is needed when selecting @entity1 having previously received @entity1949 for salvage cryotherapy.

title: The Effect of Androgen Deprivation Therapy Before Salvage Whole-gland Cryoablation After Primary Radiation Failure in XXXX Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['ADT', 'androgen deprivation therapy']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity9132 :: ('MESH:D014548', 'Disease') :: ['urinary fistula']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In recent years, the @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ) has emerged as an alternative vertebrate model for energy homeostasis and @entity209 , including @entity28 and @entity448 . It has been shown that @entity28 ( @entity28 ) in @entity3392 shares multiple pathophysiological features with @entity28 in mammals. However, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the different pathways of energy expenditure in @entity28 and starved fish had been missing thus far. Here, we carry out long-term ad libitum feeding ( @entity7298 ) and caloric restriction studies induced by low- or high-density husbandry, respectively, to investigate the impact of caloric intake on the timing of scale formation, a crucial step of postembryonic development and metamorphosis, and on somatic growth, body weight, fat storage and female reproduction. We show that all of them are positively affected by increased caloric intake, that middle-aged fish develop severe @entity28 , and that the body mass index (BMI) displays a strict linear correlation with whole-body triglyceride levels in adult @entity3392 . Interestingly, juvenile fish are largely resistant to @entity28 , while BMI and triglyceride values drop in aged fish, pointing to aging-associated anorexic effects. Histological analyses further indicate that increased fat storage in white adipose tissue involves both @entity1373 and @entity1184 of adipocytes. Furthermore, in ovaries, caloric intake primarily affects the rate of oocyte growth, rather than total oocyte numbers. Finally, comparing the different pathways of energy expenditure with each other, we demonstrate that they are differentially affected by caloric restriction / high-density husbandry. In juvenile fish, scale formation is prioritized over somatic growth, while in sexually mature adults, female reproduction is prioritized over somatic growth, and somatic growth over fat storage. Our data will serve as a template for future functional studies to dissect the neuroendocrine regulators of energy homeostasis mediating differential energy allocation.

title: Long-Term @entity7298 and Caloric Restriction Caused by Low- or High-Density Husbandry Have Differential Effects on XXXX Postembryonic Development, Somatic Growth, Fat Accumulation and Reproduction.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['diet-induced obesity', 'DIO', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'zebrafish']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Zebrafish']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In recent years, the @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ) has emerged as an alternative vertebrate model for energy homeostasis and @entity209 , including @entity28 and @entity448 . It has been shown that @entity28 ( @entity28 ) in @entity3392 shares multiple pathophysiological features with @entity28 in mammals. However, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the different pathways of energy expenditure in @entity28 and starved fish had been missing thus far. Here, we carry out long-term ad libitum feeding ( @entity7298 ) and caloric restriction studies induced by low- or high-density husbandry, respectively, to investigate the impact of caloric intake on the timing of scale formation, a crucial step of postembryonic development and metamorphosis, and on somatic growth, body weight, fat storage and female reproduction. We show that all of them are positively affected by increased caloric intake, that middle-aged fish develop severe @entity28 , and that the body mass index (BMI) displays a strict linear correlation with whole-body triglyceride levels in adult @entity3392 . Interestingly, juvenile fish are largely resistant to @entity28 , while BMI and triglyceride values drop in aged fish, pointing to aging-associated anorexic effects. Histological analyses further indicate that increased fat storage in white adipose tissue involves both @entity1373 and @entity1184 of adipocytes. Furthermore, in ovaries, caloric intake primarily affects the rate of oocyte growth, rather than total oocyte numbers. Finally, comparing the different pathways of energy expenditure with each other, we demonstrate that they are differentially affected by caloric restriction / high-density husbandry. In juvenile fish, scale formation is prioritized over somatic growth, while in sexually mature adults, female reproduction is prioritized over somatic growth, and somatic growth over fat storage. Our data will serve as a template for future functional studies to dissect the neuroendocrine regulators of energy homeostasis mediating differential energy allocation.

title: Long-Term XXXX and Caloric Restriction Caused by Low- or High-Density Husbandry Have Differential Effects on @entity3392 Postembryonic Development, Somatic Growth, Fat Accumulation and Reproduction.

answer: @entity7298 :: (MESH:D006963,Disease) :: ['Hyperphagia']


abstract: The brains of 9 spider monkeys, inoculated intracerebrally with brain suspension from kuru @entity1 and of 3 normal control monkeys have been studied. All the animals were killed by perfusion with fixative, 8 during early incubation (ranging from 2 to 40 weeks) when healthy and free from neurological signs, one after 122 weeks when the disease was fully established. The most striking feature seen in every brain between the incubation times of 4 and 40 weeks was the formation of multilaminated membranes (ACPMs). These affected stretches of two apposed, mostly neuronal, plasma membranes over variable distances and created the impression of @entity602 . Their number varied with the length of incubation, reaching a peak at 13 weeks and declining thereafter. ACPMs were found throughout the grey matter, but they were most numerous in phylogenetically older regions of the brain, regions which also show the severest lesions in @entity1 kuru. It is suggested that ACPMs are initially due to an excessive synthesis of some membrane constituent by the perikaryon and various possibilities for their genesis are discussed. The hypothesis is advanced that they may be due to the reactivation of embryonic growth mechanisms and represent abortive junctions which, being formed in mature neurons, take a rather bizarre shape. Other changes such as the formation of somatic spines, an excessive number of dendritic spines including a high proportion with long tortuous necks, and the presence of binucleated neurons and numerous growth cones, point to the similarly immature pattern and would support this hypothesis. The material provided ample evidence that ACPMs, which can occupy as much as 26 per cent of a dendritic surface, give rise to intracytoplasmic vacuoles, which may therefore be regarded as secondary to a primary change in the permeability of the plasma membrane at the site of ACPMs. Individual single vacuoles could often build up into complex soap-bubble-like arrays, which were interpreted as the ultrastructural equivalent of histological @entity159 . There is some evidence that the development of @entity159 in other transmissible spongiform @entity75 follows the same pattern.

title: The pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform XXXX : an ultrastructural study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['complex ribbon-or cord-like junctions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathies']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status spongiosus']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the surgical treatment of @entity4773 , laparoscopic surgery has become a key technique. However, difficult cases are not eligible for laparoscopic surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for @entity260 and to examine the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy duodenal ulcer perforation @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic surgery between July 2010 and March 2014 were reviewed. The type of surgery was chosen on the basis of the size of the perforation. All @entity1 were classified into 2 groups according to the surgical treatment method: primary repair with omentopexy (PR group, n=56) and distal gastrectomy with truncal vagotomy (DG group, n=14). RESULTS: No conversions to open surgery occurred. Three @entity204 (mortality rate, 4.1%) occurred within 90 postoperative days. @entity260 , including 5 severe complications, occurred in 9 @entity1 . There were no differences between the PR and DG groups, except in the mean operation time. In univariate analysis, history of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, American Society of Anesthesiologist score (over 3), presence of shock, and time to surgery from symptom onset until surgery (over 48 h) were prognostic factors for @entity260 . Of particular note, the different perforation sizes were not significantly different. Multivariate analysis showed that history of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and treatment delay (48 h) were independent risk factors for @entity260 . The presence of shock on admission was a risk factor for severe @entity260 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that laparoscopic surgery may be applied to all duodenal ulcer perforations. However, because of the learning period, we believe that laparoscopic surgery may not be suited to every surgeon. However, when performed by laparoscopic experts, laparoscopic surgery can be a valuable approach for treating @entity4773 .

title: Laparoscopic Surgery for Perforated XXXX : Analysis of 70 Consecutive Cases From a Single Surgeon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['perforated duodenal ulcer disease', 'difficult duodenal ulcer perforations']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['overall postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity4773 :: (MESH:D004381,Disease) :: ['Duodenal Ulcer Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is well known that @entity302 has a profound effect on the autonomic nervous system, especially on the autonomic control of heart rate and respiration. This effect has been widely studied during @entity410 activity, but less attention has been given to interictal (i.e. @entity410 -free) activity. The studies that have been done on this topic, showed that heart rate and respiration can be affected individually, even without the occurrence of @entity410 . In this work, the interactions between these two individual physiological variables are analysed during interictal activity in temporal lobe and @entity2048 in childhood. These interactions are assessed by decomposing the predictive information about heart rate variability, into different components like the transfer entropy, cross-entropy, self- entropy and the conditional self entropy. Each one of these components quantifies different types of shared information. However, when using the cross-entropy and the conditional self entropy, it is possible to split the information carried by the heart rate, into two main components, one related to respiration and one related to different mechanisms, like sympathetic activation. This can be done after assuming a directional link going from respiration to heart rate. After analysing all the entropy components, it is shown that in subjects with @entity2048 the information shared by respiration and heart rate is significantly lower than for normal subjects. And a more remarkable finding indicates that this type of @entity302 seems to have a long term effect on the cardiac and respiratory control mechanisms of the autonomic nervous system.

title: Interictal cardiorespiratory variability in temporal lobe and XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence epilepsy']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['absence epilepsy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to assess tracheal reactivity after the deployment of different self-expandable metal stents (SEMS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty female @entity95 were divided into four groups. Three groups received three different SEMS: steel (ST), @entity5648 ( @entity26988 ), or @entity5648 drug-eluting stent (DES); the fourth group was the control group (no stent). Stents were deployed percutaneously under fluoroscopic guidance. Animals were assessed by multi-slice, computed tomography (CT) scans, and tracheas were collected for anatomical pathology (AP) study. Data from CT and AP were statistically analyzed and correlated. RESULTS: The DES group had the longest @entity850 (20.51  14.08mm vs. 5.84  12.43 and 6.57  6.54mm in @entity26988 and ST, respectively, day 30; P<.05), and higher @entity738 formation on CT (50% of cases). The @entity26988 group showed the lowest grade of @entity850 (2.86  6.91% vs. 11.28  13.98 and 15.54  25.95% in DES and ST, respectively; P<.05). The AP study revealed that the ST group developed intense proliferative reactivity compared to the other groups. In the DES group, a destructive response was observed in 70% of the animals, while the @entity26988 was the least reactive stent. CT was more effective in detecting wall thickening (positive correlation of 68.9%; P<.001) than @entity738 (not significant). CONCLUSIONS: The ST group developed @entity738 and significant @entity850 . @entity26988 was the least reactive stent, while DES caused significant lesions that may be related to drug dosage. This type of DES stent is therefore not recommended for the treatment of @entity19926 .

title: Tracheal Self-Expandable Metallic Stents: A Comparative Study of Three Different Stents in a XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity19926 :: ('MESH:C566362', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbit']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Failure To Rescue was first defined in @entity1 who died due to a complication following (open) cholecystectomy but research into the relevant factors has been scarce. This study was designed to determine a chronological sequence of deficiencies in care. METHODS: Adult @entity1 who died under the care of a surgeon following cholecystectomy in Queensland were identified from the Australian and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality (ANZASM) database. RESULTS: Not unexpectedly, this is a high-risk @entity1 population: median age of the 48 @entity1 was 74.5 years and the median number of comorbidities and American Society of Anesthesiologists class was 4. @entity204 occurred on postoperative day 6. Most @entity204 occurred at the end of the week. Over 80% of @entity204 followed emergency cholecystectomy. In almost half the @entity1 , there were no deficiencies in care. Most common deficiency was during postoperative management (i.e. Failure To Rescue), however, significant @entity942 prior to surgical admission; choice and timing of intervention as well as intraoperative decision-making. CONCLUSION: Surgeons who perform cholecystectomy need to be aware of the levels at which deficiencies arise given that many may be preventable.

title: XXXX in care following cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies also arose']

answer: @entity942 :: (MESH:D003677,Disease) :: ['Analysis of deficiencies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND The present study aimed to assess the role of @entity7658 polymorphism in drug-resistance in @entity302 by a meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Databases were obtained from the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct database, CNKI, and Wanfang up to October 2014. All the case-control association studies evaluating the role of @entity1262 @entity7658 in pharmacoresistance to anti- @entity302 drug (AED) were identified. RevMan 5.0 software was utilized to perform quantitative analyses in an allele model (C vs. T) and a genotype model (CC vs. CT+TT). RESULTS From the 189 potential studies, we included 28 articles for the meta-analysis, including 30 independent case-control studies involving 4124 drug-resistant @entity302 @entity1 and 4480 @entity302 @entity1 for whom drug treatment was effective. We excluded 164 studies because of duplication, lack of genotype data, and non-clinical research. We found that @entity7658 polymorphism was not significantly associated with drug resistance in @entity302 , either in allele model (C vs. T: OR=1.07; 95%CI: 0.95-1.19) or in genotype model (CC vs. CT+TT: OR=1.05; 95%CI: 0.89-1.24, P=0.55). Subgroup analyses suggested that in Caucasian populations there are significant differences between resistance group (NR) and control group (R) in both allele model (C vs. T: OR=1.09; 95%CI: 1.00-1.18, P=0.05) and genotype model (CC vs. CT+TT: OR=1.20; 95%CI: 1.04-1.40, P=0.01). However, we did not find this association in Asian populations. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the @entity1262 @entity7658 polymorphism may be a genetic marker for drug resistance in @entity302 in Caucasian populations.

title: XXXX Gene @entity7658 Polymorphism and Drug Resistance in Epilepsy: Evidence Based on 8604 Subjects.

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['ABCB1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND The present study aimed to assess the role of @entity7658 polymorphism in drug-resistance in @entity302 by a meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Databases were obtained from the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct database, CNKI, and Wanfang up to October 2014. All the case-control association studies evaluating the role of @entity1262 @entity7658 in pharmacoresistance to anti- @entity302 drug (AED) were identified. RevMan 5.0 software was utilized to perform quantitative analyses in an allele model (C vs. T) and a genotype model (CC vs. CT+TT). RESULTS From the 189 potential studies, we included 28 articles for the meta-analysis, including 30 independent case-control studies involving 4124 drug-resistant @entity302 @entity1 and 4480 @entity302 @entity1 for whom drug treatment was effective. We excluded 164 studies because of duplication, lack of genotype data, and non-clinical research. We found that @entity7658 polymorphism was not significantly associated with drug resistance in @entity302 , either in allele model (C vs. T: OR=1.07; 95%CI: 0.95-1.19) or in genotype model (CC vs. CT+TT: OR=1.05; 95%CI: 0.89-1.24, P=0.55). Subgroup analyses suggested that in Caucasian populations there are significant differences between resistance group (NR) and control group (R) in both allele model (C vs. T: OR=1.09; 95%CI: 1.00-1.18, P=0.05) and genotype model (CC vs. CT+TT: OR=1.20; 95%CI: 1.04-1.40, P=0.01). However, we did not find this association in Asian populations. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the @entity1262 @entity7658 polymorphism may be a genetic marker for drug resistance in @entity302 in Caucasian populations.

title: @entity1262 Gene XXXX Polymorphism and Drug Resistance in Epilepsy: Evidence Based on 8604 Subjects.

answer: @entity7658 :: (c|SUB|C|3435|T,DNAMutation) :: ['C3435T']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the risk and predictors of progression of @entity337 ( @entity337 ) and other adverse events (AE) in adults with supracristal @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ). METHODS: Retrospective observational study of 62 adults with @entity1757 followed at the Mayo Clinic from 1994 to 2013. Freedom from @entity337 progression was compared by age and racial groups (Asian vs non-Asian). Predictors of @entity337 progression were determined using Cox proportional hazard model. Composite AE endpoint was defined as @entity337 progression, @entity884 , @entity439 ( @entity439 ), and rupture of @entity439 . Risk of AE was compared between group 1 (no surgical intervention) and group 2 (surgical intervention). RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 aged 47(SD 12) years were followed for 13 (SD 5) years. Group 1=42/62 and group=20/62. Endpoint of @entity337 progression and @entity439 occurred in 13% and 20% respectively. Freedom from @entity337 progression for the entire cohort was 88%, 86% and 86% at 5, 10 and 15years respectively. Risk of @entity337 progression was significantly lower in @entity1 (aged  <=40years, p=0.008) but similar between Asians and non-Asians (p=0.57). Age  <=40years was an independent predictor of @entity337 progression (hazard ratio [HR] 3.5, 95% CI 2.3-5.4, p=0.001). Composite AE endpoint occurred in 33% and 40% of group1 and 2 cohorts respectively, p=0.69. CONCLUSION: Adults with @entity1757 are at lower risk for @entity337 progression but higher risk for @entity439 formation compared to historical pediatric cohorts. Younger age was a predictor of @entity337 progression. Surgical intervention had no protective effect on complication rate.

title: XXXX in adults: Is it time for a paradigm shift?

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'supracristal VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva', 'aSOV']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['Supracristal ventricular septal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controlling @entity293 ( @entity293 ) associated with intermittent catheterization in geriatric @entity1 . AIM: After a local epidemiological study identified high rates of UTI, a multi-disciplinary working group implemented and evaluated corrective measures. METHODS: In 2009, a one-month prospective study measured the incidence of UTI, controlled for risk factors and exposure, in six geriatric hospitals. In 2010, a self-administered questionnaire on practices was administered to physicians and nurses working in these geriatric units. In 2011, the working group developed a multi-modal programme to: improve understanding of micturition, measurement of bladder volume and indications for catheter drainage; limit available medical devices; and improve prescription and traceability procedures. Detailed training was provided to all personnel on all sites. The epidemiological study was repeated in 2012 to assess the impact of the programme. FINDINGS: Over 1500 @entity1 were included in the 2009 study. The incidence of acquired @entity281 was 4.8%. The @entity281 rate was higher in @entity1 with intermittent catheters than in @entity1 with indwelling catheters (29.7 vs 9.9 UTI per 100 @entity1 , P  =  0.1013) which contradicts the literature. In 2010, the 269 responses to the questionnaire showed that staff did not consider catheterization to place @entity1 at risk of @entity281 , staff had poor knowledge of the recommended indications and techniques, and the equipment varied widely between units. Following implementation of the programme, the study was repeated in 2012 with over 1500 @entity1 . The frequency of UTI in @entity1 with intermittent catheters fell to rates in the published literature. CONCLUSION: Multi-modal programmes are an effective means to control UTI.

title: Controlling XXXX associated with intermittent bladder catheterization in geriatric hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['UTIs', 'urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine if the pathophysiology of @entity4724 , clinical presentation, cytology, and frozen section analysis signal an opportunity for less invasive parotid surgery and reduced morbidity. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of 120 @entity1 parotidectomies identified 50 consecutive @entity4724 . SETTING: Single surgeon, single institutional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Surgeon performed ultrasound guided Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) and intra-operative frozen section with nerve integrity monitoring were used in all cases. Partial superficial parotidectomy was performed in the initial 25 @entity1 and extracapsular dissection in the subsequent 25 @entity1 . RESULTs: Smoking history was acknowledged in 45/50 (90 percent) of @entity1 . The mean age was 63. Lower @entity158 and @entity2688 occurred 23/50 (46 percent) and 11/50 (22 percent), respectively. @entity5 in the lower parotid pole occurred in 48/50 (96 percent). Frozen section diagnosis for @entity4724 was confirmed by final pathology in all 50/50 (100 percent) @entity1 . Two of 50 @entity1 (8 percent) in the partial superficial parotidectomy group and no @entity1 in the extracapsular dissection group had transient @entity2103 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4724 presents with a high rate of symptomatic @entity32 , overwhelmingly in the lower parotid pole. Cytology largely excludes @entity5 . Frozen section analysis diagnosing @entity4724 is highly specific in predicting final diagnosis. Minimally invasive approaches can be performed with confidence with extracapsular dissection or partial superficial parotidectomy resulting in potentially reduced morbidity.

title: Contemporary diagnosis and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['parotid pain']

entities_list: @entity4724 :: ('MESH:D000235', 'Disease') :: ["Warthin's tumors", "Warthin's tumor"]

answer: @entity4724 :: (MESH:D000235,Disease) :: ['Warthin's tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of continuous nationwide surveillance on healthcare-associated @entity281 should be investigated in each country. AIM: To assess the rate of device-associated @entity281 (DAIs) in intensive care units (ICUs) since the establishment of the Korean Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (KONIS). METHODS: Nationwide data were obtained on the incidence rate of DAI in ICUs reported to KONIS by all participating hospitals. The three major DAIs were studied: @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ), central line-associated @entity281 (CABSI), and catheter-associated @entity293 (CAUTI). The pooled and year-wise incidence rates (cases per 1000 device-days) of these DAIs were determined for the period 2006 and 2012. In addition, data from institutions that had participated in KONIS for at least three consecutive years were analysed separately. FINDINGS: The number of ICUs participating in KONIS gradually increased from 76 in 2006 to 162 in 2012. Between 2006 and 2012, the incidence rate per 1000 device-days for @entity2489 decreased significantly from 3.48 to 1.64 (F  =  11, P  <  0.01), for CAUTI the rate decreased non-significantly from 1.85 to 1.26 (F  =  2.02, P  =  0.07), and for CABSI the rate also decreased non-significantly from 3.4 to 2.57 (F  =  1.73, P  =  0.12). In the 132 ICUs that had participated in KONIS for at least three consecutive years, the @entity2489 rate significantly decreased from the first year to third year (F  =  20.57, P  <  0.01), but the rates of CAUTI (F  =  1.06, P  =  0.35) and CABSI (F  =  1.39, P  =  0.25) did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: The decreased incidence rate of @entity2489 in ICUs in Korea might be associated with the continuous prospective surveillance provided by KONIS.

title: Trends in the incidence rate of device-associated XXXX in intensive care units after the establishment of the Korean Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between visceral adiposity index (VAI), @entity6308 waist phenotype (HW phenotype) and @entity740 ( @entity740 ). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zhuhai City June-October 2012. A total of 2142 @entity1 were recruited. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between VAI, HW phenotype and @entity740 . RESULTS: After adjustment for age, VAI was significantly associated with @entity740 (OR 2.16, 95  % CI 1.25-3.74, P  =  0.006) in @entity1 . Further adjusted for potential confounders, the association was still significant in @entity1 (OR 2.07, 95  % CI 1.17-3.64, P  =  0.01). However, the association was abolished when adding @entity6 and @entity101 to the model (OR 1.68, 95  % CI 0.92-3.06, P  =  0.09). The age-adjusted OR (95  % CI, P) of @entity740 associated with HW phenotype was 2.21 (1.29-3.76, 0.004) and 2.54 (1.53-4.22, <0.001) for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Further adjusted for potential confounders, the associations were still significant in both subgroups. The OR for @entity740 was 2.41 (95  % CI 1.42-4.12, P  =  0.001) and 2.32 (95  % CI 1.31-4.11, P  =  0.004) for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. When further adjusted for @entity6 and @entity101 , the association of HW phenotype and @entity740 was significant (OR 1.88, 95  % CI 1.05-3.36, P  =  0.033) in @entity1 . However, the model is abolished in @entity1 (OR 1.50, 95  % CI 0.81-2.78, P  =  0.19). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that both VAI and the HW phenotype might be useful clinical indicators of @entity740 in China for females but not for males. The HW phenotype associated more strongly with @entity740 , compared with VAI.

title: Visceral adiposity index, XXXX waist phenotype and @entity740 in a southern Chinese population: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6308 :: ('MESH:D064250', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemic']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity6308 :: (MESH:D064250,Disease) :: ['hypertriglyceridemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationships between visceral adiposity index (VAI), @entity6308 waist phenotype (HW phenotype) and @entity740 ( @entity740 ). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zhuhai City June-October 2012. A total of 2142 @entity1 were recruited. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between VAI, HW phenotype and @entity740 . RESULTS: After adjustment for age, VAI was significantly associated with @entity740 (OR 2.16, 95  % CI 1.25-3.74, P  =  0.006) in @entity1 . Further adjusted for potential confounders, the association was still significant in @entity1 (OR 2.07, 95  % CI 1.17-3.64, P  =  0.01). However, the association was abolished when adding @entity6 and @entity101 to the model (OR 1.68, 95  % CI 0.92-3.06, P  =  0.09). The age-adjusted OR (95  % CI, P) of @entity740 associated with HW phenotype was 2.21 (1.29-3.76, 0.004) and 2.54 (1.53-4.22, <0.001) for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Further adjusted for potential confounders, the associations were still significant in both subgroups. The OR for @entity740 was 2.41 (95  % CI 1.42-4.12, P  =  0.001) and 2.32 (95  % CI 1.31-4.11, P  =  0.004) for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. When further adjusted for @entity6 and @entity101 , the association of HW phenotype and @entity740 was significant (OR 1.88, 95  % CI 1.05-3.36, P  =  0.033) in @entity1 . However, the model is abolished in @entity1 (OR 1.50, 95  % CI 0.81-2.78, P  =  0.19). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that both VAI and the HW phenotype might be useful clinical indicators of @entity740 in China for females but not for males. The HW phenotype associated more strongly with @entity740 , compared with VAI.

title: Visceral adiposity index, @entity6308 waist phenotype and XXXX in a southern Chinese population: a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains one of the most effective treatments of @entity308 . Unfortunately, some @entity1 report side effects, of which the most prominent are @entity2414 . The immediate early gene Arc plays a critical role in the maintenance phase of long-term potentiation and consolidation of memory in the @entity35 brain. We recently observed increased methylation of the Arc promoter 24h after acute electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) in @entity35 , which could cause decreased Arc expression and provide an explanation for the observed @entity2414 . In the present study we investigated the methylation and expression changes of Arc at 48h post-ECS and determined the role of de-novo methylation in that process. We initially measured expression of DNA methyltransferases ( @entity14923 and @entity54389 ) and @entity71278 , 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48h after a single ECS. Arc expression was increased approximately 10-fold at 1 and 4h after ECS, and subsequently decreased below sham levels. Four hours after ECS we also observed a significant increase in @entity54389 expression, which was attenuated in a second experiment by the use of DNMT inhibitor @entity11508 ( @entity11508 ). We then investigated Arc gene expression and methylation changes at 48h post-ECS and we found a slightly reduced Arc expression in ECS-treated @entity35 as compared to sham. In animals that received @entity11508 we observed a significant decrease in @entity54389 expression and an increase of Arc expression in both ECS and sham groups. The same tendency for reduced Arc expression after ECS, as compared to sham was observed despite the blocking of DNA methylation with @entity11508 . The DNA methylation as measured by pyrosequencing is decreased 48h post-ECS both in the promoter and intragenic regions as a response to ECS regardless of the treatment with @entity11508 . Overall the results suggest that DNA methylation is involved in regulating Arc expression but is not the causal mechanism responsible for reducing Arc expression after ECS. We speculate that the decrease is caused by ECS-induced @entity46093 upregulation and decreased H3 acetylation at the Arc promoter.

title: Epigenetic regulation of XXXX and Arc gene expression after electroconvulsive stimulation in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aza-2-deoxycytidine', 'decitabine']

answer: @entity54389 :: (444984(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Dnmt3a']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains one of the most effective treatments of @entity308 . Unfortunately, some @entity1 report side effects, of which the most prominent are @entity2414 . The immediate early gene Arc plays a critical role in the maintenance phase of long-term potentiation and consolidation of memory in the @entity35 brain. We recently observed increased methylation of the Arc promoter 24h after acute electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS) in @entity35 , which could cause decreased Arc expression and provide an explanation for the observed @entity2414 . In the present study we investigated the methylation and expression changes of Arc at 48h post-ECS and determined the role of de-novo methylation in that process. We initially measured expression of DNA methyltransferases ( @entity14923 and @entity54389 ) and @entity71278 , 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48h after a single ECS. Arc expression was increased approximately 10-fold at 1 and 4h after ECS, and subsequently decreased below sham levels. Four hours after ECS we also observed a significant increase in @entity54389 expression, which was attenuated in a second experiment by the use of DNMT inhibitor @entity11508 ( @entity11508 ). We then investigated Arc gene expression and methylation changes at 48h post-ECS and we found a slightly reduced Arc expression in ECS-treated @entity35 as compared to sham. In animals that received @entity11508 we observed a significant decrease in @entity54389 expression and an increase of Arc expression in both ECS and sham groups. The same tendency for reduced Arc expression after ECS, as compared to sham was observed despite the blocking of DNA methylation with @entity11508 . The DNA methylation as measured by pyrosequencing is decreased 48h post-ECS both in the promoter and intragenic regions as a response to ECS regardless of the treatment with @entity11508 . Overall the results suggest that DNA methylation is involved in regulating Arc expression but is not the causal mechanism responsible for reducing Arc expression after ECS. We speculate that the decrease is caused by ECS-induced @entity46093 upregulation and decreased H3 acetylation at the Arc promoter.

title: Epigenetic regulation of @entity54389 and Arc gene expression after electroconvulsive stimulation in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is associated with changes in energy metabolism of the heart, as well as in extra-cardiac organs such as the skeletal muscles. @entity299 is a common complication and is associated with poor prognosis. Branched-chain @entity3534 (BCAAs) reportedly improve @entity6288 and @entity5 . We tested the hypothesis that @entity2595 ameliorates @entity712 with @entity299 . MAIN METHODS: We used Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) @entity35 fed a high-salt diet as a model of @entity712 . DS @entity35 fed a low-salt diet were used as a control. @entity2595 were administered in drinking water from 11weeks of age, when @entity1283 was established but the cardiac function was preserved. Survival and the cardiac function were monitored, and animals were sacrificed at 21weeks of age and analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: In @entity712 @entity35 , @entity2595 treatment decreased the heart rate, preserved the cardiac function, and prolonged survival. @entity2595 also prevented body @entity353 , associated with preservation of the skeletal muscle weight. Moreover, gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function was increased with @entity2595 in skeletal muscles. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity2595 preserved the body weight and cardiac function and prolonged survival in @entity712 @entity35 . The expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function in skeletal muscles was increased by @entity2595 .

title: Branched-chain @entity3534 ameliorate XXXX with @entity299 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer cachexia']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac cachexia', 'Cardiac cachexia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: AIMS: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is associated with changes in energy metabolism of the heart, as well as in extra-cardiac organs such as the skeletal muscles. @entity299 is a common complication and is associated with poor prognosis. Branched-chain @entity3534 (BCAAs) reportedly improve @entity6288 and @entity5 . We tested the hypothesis that @entity2595 ameliorates @entity712 with @entity299 . MAIN METHODS: We used Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) @entity35 fed a high-salt diet as a model of @entity712 . DS @entity35 fed a low-salt diet were used as a control. @entity2595 were administered in drinking water from 11weeks of age, when @entity1283 was established but the cardiac function was preserved. Survival and the cardiac function were monitored, and animals were sacrificed at 21weeks of age and analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: In @entity712 @entity35 , @entity2595 treatment decreased the heart rate, preserved the cardiac function, and prolonged survival. @entity2595 also prevented body @entity353 , associated with preservation of the skeletal muscle weight. Moreover, gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function was increased with @entity2595 in skeletal muscles. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity2595 preserved the body weight and cardiac function and prolonged survival in @entity712 @entity35 . The expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function in skeletal muscles was increased by @entity2595 .

title: Branched-chain XXXX ameliorate @entity712 with @entity299 in @entity35 .

answer: @entity3534 :: (MESH:D000596,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: AIMS: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is associated with changes in energy metabolism of the heart, as well as in extra-cardiac organs such as the skeletal muscles. @entity299 is a common complication and is associated with poor prognosis. Branched-chain @entity3534 (BCAAs) reportedly improve @entity6288 and @entity5 . We tested the hypothesis that @entity2595 ameliorates @entity712 with @entity299 . MAIN METHODS: We used Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) @entity35 fed a high-salt diet as a model of @entity712 . DS @entity35 fed a low-salt diet were used as a control. @entity2595 were administered in drinking water from 11weeks of age, when @entity1283 was established but the cardiac function was preserved. Survival and the cardiac function were monitored, and animals were sacrificed at 21weeks of age and analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: In @entity712 @entity35 , @entity2595 treatment decreased the heart rate, preserved the cardiac function, and prolonged survival. @entity2595 also prevented body @entity353 , associated with preservation of the skeletal muscle weight. Moreover, gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function was increased with @entity2595 in skeletal muscles. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity2595 preserved the body weight and cardiac function and prolonged survival in @entity712 @entity35 . The expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function in skeletal muscles was increased by @entity2595 .

title: Branched-chain @entity3534 ameliorate @entity712 with XXXX in @entity35 .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac cachexia']


abstract: AIMS: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is associated with changes in energy metabolism of the heart, as well as in extra-cardiac organs such as the skeletal muscles. @entity299 is a common complication and is associated with poor prognosis. Branched-chain @entity3534 (BCAAs) reportedly improve @entity6288 and @entity5 . We tested the hypothesis that @entity2595 ameliorates @entity712 with @entity299 . MAIN METHODS: We used Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) @entity35 fed a high-salt diet as a model of @entity712 . DS @entity35 fed a low-salt diet were used as a control. @entity2595 were administered in drinking water from 11weeks of age, when @entity1283 was established but the cardiac function was preserved. Survival and the cardiac function were monitored, and animals were sacrificed at 21weeks of age and analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: In @entity712 @entity35 , @entity2595 treatment decreased the heart rate, preserved the cardiac function, and prolonged survival. @entity2595 also prevented body @entity353 , associated with preservation of the skeletal muscle weight. Moreover, gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function was increased with @entity2595 in skeletal muscles. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity2595 preserved the body weight and cardiac function and prolonged survival in @entity712 @entity35 . The expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function in skeletal muscles was increased by @entity2595 .

title: Branched-chain @entity3534 ameliorate @entity712 with @entity299 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The hippocampus plays a role in the verbal and spatial memory processing, learning, and emotions. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical, etiological, and radiological features of isolated @entity4798 . METHODS: We reviewed, 6800 @entity1 with first-ever @entity64 included in our @entity64 Registry between 2004 and 2014. Among them we studied 19 @entity1 with an acute isolated hippocampal @entity1188 confirmed by MRI. RESULTS: Among 6800 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 (0.03%) showed @entity75 in the hippocampal artery territory, allowing us to delineate 5 variant distributions; (1) anterior @entity4798 (4 @entity1 [21%]) were present with altered consciousness, transient @entity1833 , and @entity10931 with @entity2414 . (2) Posterior @entity4798 (3 @entity1 [16%]) developed @entity1296 and dullness at @entity64 onset, @entity911 , @entity2414 . (3) Unilateral complete @entity4798 were present (4 @entity1 [21%]) with @entity911 , object specific @entity1833 , intense mood states changes as well as impulsivity or @entity308 . @entity2414 were found in all @entity1 . (4) Bilateral @entity4798 (3 @entity1 [16%]) had @entity73 and @entity2414 in all @entity1 . All @entity1 had difficulties retrieving specific autobiographical events and retrieving recent memory, and @entity227 . Hippocampal @entity303 was observed in 2 @entity1 with severe immediate, delayed @entity227 , @entity51 in responding to feedback and error correction with dull and aimless appearance lasting several months. (5) Small circumscribed (punctiform) @entity4798 (5 @entity1 [26%]) showed @entity1296 or dullness sensation and difficulties finding words or objects that they use everyday. Cardioembolism (10; 53%) and @entity455 (6; 32%) were the main @entity64 mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: We described topographic patterns of hippocampal @entity1188 with distinct manifestations and etiologies. We thought that different patterns of @entity4798 are the result of variation in hippocampal arterial supply or reflect a source of @entity887 .

title: Isolated XXXX : Vascular and neuropsychological findings.

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal infarcts']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['disturbances of learning in verbal and visual task', 'verbal and visual memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['large-artery disease of the vertebrobasilar system']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual vivid hallucinations', 'hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['dysexecutive syndrome, deficits']

entities_list: @entity10931 :: ('MESH:D020236', 'Disease') :: ['transient global amnesia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memory dysfunctions', 'episodic and procedural memory deficit and verbal learning deficit', 'memory deficits', 'episodic and verbal memory deficits']

answer: @entity4798 :: (MESH:D020520,Disease) :: ['hippocampal infarcts']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report our institution's experience with adult @entity1 who underwent surgery for intramedullary spinal cord @entity463 . Spine involvement of @entity463 is rare, representing 7.5% of all intramedullary gliomas and 1-3% of all @entity4097 . We performed a retrospective review of five male @entity1 with intramedullary spinal cord @entity463 who underwent surgical resection from 1990 to 2014. Demographic, operative, and postoperative factors were recorded. The median age at treatment was 31years (range: 18-61) and all @entity1 presented with @entity2359 . Two had prior surgical resection of an intramedullary World Health Organization Grade III anaplastic @entity75 with adjuvant chemoradiation. All @entity5 were present in the cervical (n=2; 40%) or @entity1514 (n=3; 60%) spine, spanning a median of three levels (range: 2-4). Gross total resection was achieved in three @entity1 (60%), and there were no intraoperative mortalities or complications. Although one had improvement in his neurological status postoperatively, all five @entity1 died with a median time to death of 20months (range: 2-31). Adult intramedullary spinal cord @entity463 is rare, and despite aggressive treatment, prognosis is poor, with a median survival in our series of only 20months. New treatment strategies are necessary to improve survival in this @entity1 population.

title: Poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment in adults with intramedullary spinal cord XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['motor or sensory dysfunction']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Adjuvant @entity136 with or without chemoradiation is a standard therapeutic option for @entity1 with resected @entity788 . The feasibility and @entity137 of @entity136 with @entity1205 before and after @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )-based chemoradiation in the adjuvant pancreatic and @entity5 setting were investigated. METHODS: After a curative-intent resection, eligible @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with two cycles of @entity136 and @entity1205 followed by @entity1487 -based chemoradiation. Four weeks after completing chemoradiation, two cycles of @entity136 and @entity1205 were administered. The primary endpoint was the incidence of severe @entity137 . Secondary endpoints included disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity5 were enrolled. Twenty-nine @entity1 had @entity788 whereas 21 @entity1 had biliary tract or @entity5 . There was one @entity204 as a result of @entity55 , and 15% of @entity1 experienced grade 3 or greater non-haematological @entity137 . The median DFS and @entity1349 for @entity1 with @entity788 were 9.6 and 17 months, respectively, and for those with resected @entity1125 were 12 and 23 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This combination of @entity136 and @entity1205 with chemoradiation is feasible and tolerable in the adjuvant setting. Future studies utilizing a different @entity136 / @entity3907 combination and schedule may be appropriate in the adjuvant treatment of both @entity788 and @entity5 .

title: A phase II study of adjuvant XXXX plus @entity1205 followed by concurrent chemoradation in resected pancreaticobiliary carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tumours', 'pancreaticobiliary cancers', 'biliary cancer', 'ampullary cancers']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5FU', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Adjuvant @entity136 with or without chemoradiation is a standard therapeutic option for @entity1 with resected @entity788 . The feasibility and @entity137 of @entity136 with @entity1205 before and after @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )-based chemoradiation in the adjuvant pancreatic and @entity5 setting were investigated. METHODS: After a curative-intent resection, eligible @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with two cycles of @entity136 and @entity1205 followed by @entity1487 -based chemoradiation. Four weeks after completing chemoradiation, two cycles of @entity136 and @entity1205 were administered. The primary endpoint was the incidence of severe @entity137 . Secondary endpoints included disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity5 were enrolled. Twenty-nine @entity1 had @entity788 whereas 21 @entity1 had biliary tract or @entity5 . There was one @entity204 as a result of @entity55 , and 15% of @entity1 experienced grade 3 or greater non-haematological @entity137 . The median DFS and @entity1349 for @entity1 with @entity788 were 9.6 and 17 months, respectively, and for those with resected @entity1125 were 12 and 23 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This combination of @entity136 and @entity1205 with chemoradiation is feasible and tolerable in the adjuvant setting. Future studies utilizing a different @entity136 / @entity3907 combination and schedule may be appropriate in the adjuvant treatment of both @entity788 and @entity5 .

title: A phase II study of adjuvant @entity136 plus XXXX followed by concurrent chemoradation in resected pancreaticobiliary carcinoma.

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: @entity1033 ( @entity3073 ) is almost entirely eliminated by the kidneys and has a terminal plasma half-life (t1/2) of 2 to 3 hr in subjects with normal renal function. To determine the drug's kinetics and tolerance in @entity1 with severe @entity177 , six anuric subjects on long-term hemodialysis were studied. Each received a 1-hr infusion of 2.5 mg/kg IV @entity3073 . The kinetics are well described by a two-compartment open model. @entity3073 terminal plasma t 1/2 and the total body clearance were 19.5 +/- 5.9 hr (mean +/- SD) and 28.6 +/- 9.5 ml/min/1.73 m2. Peak (end of infusion) and 8- and 24-hr plasma @entity3073 concentrations were 37.5 +/- 23.3, 10.3 +/- 2.9, and 6.4 +/- 2.4 microM. Approximately 48 hr after the start of the infusion the subjects were hemodialyzed for 6 hr. The pre- and posthemodialysis @entity3073 plasma levels were 2.74 +/- 1.38 and 1.11 +/- 0.60 microM. The terminal @entity3073 t1/2 during hemodialysis was 5.7 +/- 0.85 hr. During hemodialysis paired arterial and venous samples showed that @entity3073 was readily dialyzed, with a mean coefficient of extraction of 0.45 +/- 0.12. The dialysis clearance of @entity1033 was 81.8 +/- 12.6 ml/min. None of the @entity1 had any @entity3073 -related adverse effects. Since @entity3073 elimination is markedly reduced in @entity454 and because @entity3073 is readily hemodialyzible, dosage modification are needed to avoid cumulation and to replace dialyzed drug.

title: XXXX kinetics in @entity454 .

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['Acyclovir', 'acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['Acyclovir']


abstract: @entity1033 ( @entity3073 ) is almost entirely eliminated by the kidneys and has a terminal plasma half-life (t1/2) of 2 to 3 hr in subjects with normal renal function. To determine the drug's kinetics and tolerance in @entity1 with severe @entity177 , six anuric subjects on long-term hemodialysis were studied. Each received a 1-hr infusion of 2.5 mg/kg IV @entity3073 . The kinetics are well described by a two-compartment open model. @entity3073 terminal plasma t 1/2 and the total body clearance were 19.5 +/- 5.9 hr (mean +/- SD) and 28.6 +/- 9.5 ml/min/1.73 m2. Peak (end of infusion) and 8- and 24-hr plasma @entity3073 concentrations were 37.5 +/- 23.3, 10.3 +/- 2.9, and 6.4 +/- 2.4 microM. Approximately 48 hr after the start of the infusion the subjects were hemodialyzed for 6 hr. The pre- and posthemodialysis @entity3073 plasma levels were 2.74 +/- 1.38 and 1.11 +/- 0.60 microM. The terminal @entity3073 t1/2 during hemodialysis was 5.7 +/- 0.85 hr. During hemodialysis paired arterial and venous samples showed that @entity3073 was readily dialyzed, with a mean coefficient of extraction of 0.45 +/- 0.12. The dialysis clearance of @entity1033 was 81.8 +/- 12.6 ml/min. None of the @entity1 had any @entity3073 -related adverse effects. Since @entity3073 elimination is markedly reduced in @entity454 and because @entity3073 is readily hemodialyzible, dosage modification are needed to avoid cumulation and to replace dialyzed drug.

title: @entity1033 kinetics in XXXX .

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2115 outbreak is a major global health care problem. However, current @entity71279 risk assessments may be compromised by uncertainties in @entity71279 detection methods, infectious dose, and strain infectivity. These limitations may place public health at significant risk, leading to significant monetary losses in health care. However, there are still unmet needs for its rapid identification and monitoring of legionellae in water systems. Therefore, in the present study, a primer set was designed based on a LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR) family protein gene of @entity71279 because it was found that this gene is structurally diverse among species through BLAST searches. The specificity of the primer set was evaluated using genomic DNA from 6 strains of @entity2114 , 5 type strains of other related @entity71279 species, and other 29 reference pathogenic bacteria. The primer set used in the PCR assay amplified a 264-bp product for only targeted six strains of @entity2114 . The assay was also able to detect at least 1.39   *   10(3) copies/ l of cloned amplified target DNA using purified DNA or 7.4   *   10(0) colony-forming unit per reaction when using calibrated cell suspension. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of this assay were confirmed by successful detection of @entity2114 in environmental water samples.

title: Improved PCR assay for the species-specific identification and quantitation of XXXX in water.

entities_list: @entity71279 :: ('272624', 'Species') :: ['Legionella', 'Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila str. Philadelphia 1']

entities_list: @entity2114 :: ('446', 'Species') :: ['Legionella pneumophila', 'L. pneumophila']

entities_list: @entity2115 :: ('MESH:D007876', 'Disease') :: ['Legionellosis']

answer: @entity2114 :: (446,Species) :: ['Legionella pneumophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the USA, ethnic disparities in @entity731 persist after accounting for known risk factors. Ambient air pollution is associated with increased levels of @entity731 and differs in the USA by race/ethnicity. We estimated the influence of ambient air pollution exposure to ethnic differences in common carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ). METHODS: We cross-sectionally studied 6347 Caucasian-American, African-American, Hispanic and Chinese adults across 6 US cities in 2000-2002. Annual ambient air pollution concentrations (fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and @entity28600 of @entity1568 [NOX]) were estimated at each @entity1 's residence. @entity121 was assessed by ultrasound. RESULTS: The mean @entity121 was 19.4 and 37.6    m smaller for Hispanic @entity1 and @entity1 , 53.6 and 7.1    m smaller for Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 , and 23.4 and 38.7    m higher for African-American @entity1 and @entity1 compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 and @entity1 . After adjustment for PM2.5, the differences in @entity121 remained similar for Hispanic and African-American @entity1 but was even more negative for Chinese @entity1 (mean @entity121 difference of -58.4    m for @entity1 and -15.7    m for @entity1 ) compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 . The @entity121 difference in Chinese @entity1 compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 related to their higher PM2.5 exposures was 4.8    m (95% CI 0.2 to 10.8) for @entity1 and 8.6    m (95% CI 3.4 to 15.3) for @entity1 . NOX was not related to ethnic differences in @entity121 . CONCLUSIONS: The smaller carotid @entity121 levels in Chinese @entity1 were even smaller after accounting for higher PM2.5 concentrations in Chinese @entity1 compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 . Air pollution was not related to @entity121 differences in African-American and Hispanic @entity1 compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 .

title: Ambient air pollution and racial/ethnic differences in carotid XXXX in the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['intima-media thickness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the USA, ethnic disparities in @entity731 persist after accounting for known risk factors. Ambient air pollution is associated with increased levels of @entity731 and differs in the USA by race/ethnicity. We estimated the influence of ambient air pollution exposure to ethnic differences in common carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ). METHODS: We cross-sectionally studied 6347 Caucasian-American, African-American, Hispanic and Chinese adults across 6 US cities in 2000-2002. Annual ambient air pollution concentrations (fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and @entity28600 of @entity1568 [NOX]) were estimated at each @entity1 's residence. @entity121 was assessed by ultrasound. RESULTS: The mean @entity121 was 19.4 and 37.6    m smaller for Hispanic @entity1 and @entity1 , 53.6 and 7.1    m smaller for Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 , and 23.4 and 38.7    m higher for African-American @entity1 and @entity1 compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 and @entity1 . After adjustment for PM2.5, the differences in @entity121 remained similar for Hispanic and African-American @entity1 but was even more negative for Chinese @entity1 (mean @entity121 difference of -58.4    m for @entity1 and -15.7    m for @entity1 ) compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 . The @entity121 difference in Chinese @entity1 compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 related to their higher PM2.5 exposures was 4.8    m (95% CI 0.2 to 10.8) for @entity1 and 8.6    m (95% CI 3.4 to 15.3) for @entity1 . NOX was not related to ethnic differences in @entity121 . CONCLUSIONS: The smaller carotid @entity121 levels in Chinese @entity1 were even smaller after accounting for higher PM2.5 concentrations in Chinese @entity1 compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 . Air pollution was not related to @entity121 differences in African-American and Hispanic @entity1 compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 .

title: Ambient air pollution and racial/ethnic differences in carotid @entity121 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX (MESA).

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Primary @entity1074 is a rare disease, and no standard treatments have been defined yet. In this study, 38 consecutive @entity1 from single center were reviewed. Among 25 @entity1 with @entity66 , radical surgery were performed in 12 @entity1 , and the other 13 @entity1 had chemotherapy combined with (7 @entity1 ) or without (6 @entity1 ) radiotherapy. No significant difference in @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was found between @entity1 who received surgery or not; however, @entity1 treated with chemotherapy had superior progression-free survival (PFS) than those treated with upfront surgery (P   =   0.032). Among the 12 @entity1 who received radical surgery, 7 were given adjuvant chemotherapy and 1 @entity1 had consolidation radiotherapy. No significant differences in PFS and @entity1349 exist between those who received adjuvant treatment or not (P   >   0.05). For @entity1 who received chemotherapy, PFS and @entity1349 were significantly better for those treated with @entity786 -based therapy than @entity3118 -based therapy. At a median follow-up time of 61.1  months, 5- and 10-year PFS rate was 70.0 and 43.0  %, respectively, and 5- and 10-year @entity1349 rate was both 81.0  %. In conclusion, we confirmed the indolent behavior and favorable outcome of this disease. In order to preserve lung function and reduce the risks associated with surgery, radiotherapy or rituximab in combination with alkylating drug-based chemotherapy should be considered as first-line option for @entity1074 .

title: Radical surgery may be not an optimal treatment approach for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['pulmonary MALT lymphoma']


abstract: Between 1971 and 1981, 74 @entity1 with @entity6582 vera were treated with pipobroman using a high-dose induction, low-dose maintenance regimen. Complete remission was achieved in 51 of 54 previously untreated @entity1 (94.4%) and in 17 of 20 @entity1 (85%) previously treated wih radioactive @entity3151 (32 p) and @entity1863 . The earliest modifications were noted on day 16, and on the average, blood counts were normal by day 45. Thirty percent of the @entity1 relapsed, the mean duration of the remission being 17.5 mo. Following recurrence pipobroman was consistently effective in the same doses but the mean duration of the next remissions was 10 mo. Transient @entity1431 and @entity882 occurred in 8% and 7% of @entity1 , respectively, during initial phase, and @entity417 was noted in 3 @entity1 . @entity11140 was noted in 20% of @entity1 during maintenance phase. Three cases of @entity3052 and 3 cases of osteomyelosclerosis were recorded, all occurring in @entity1 who had previously received 32 p and/or @entity1863 . No @entity1583 were seen among @entity1 treated with @entity44615 alone; follow-up exceeded 6 yr for 20 @entity1 and the median follow-up period was 3.6 yr. Pipobroman appears safer than other alkylating agents; it is as effective as 32 p and works more quickly. Longer follow-up will be required to evaluate the drug's oncogenic potential, which is still not known.

title: Pipobroman therapy of XXXX vera.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity44615 :: ('MESH:D010885', 'Chemical') :: ['pipobroman']

entities_list: @entity11140 :: ('MESH:C564004', 'Disease') :: ['Macrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity6582 :: (MESH:D011086,Disease) :: ['polycythemia']


abstract: 1. @entity35 exposed to 2.0 mg/1. @entity40424 ( @entity40424 ) in the inspired air for 2 days, 4 h a day, showed a 13% decrease in their brain @entity1063 concentration and a 16% increase in their brain @entity935 concentration.2. After exposure for 5 or 10 days there was a further decrease in the concentration of @entity1063 in the brain, but brain @entity935 returned to the control level.3. In animals treated intraperitoneally with 2.0 mg/kg @entity2515 and exposed 2 and 3 days later to 2.0 mg/1. CS(2) for 4 h per day, the brain @entity935 concentration showed a 77% increase compared with the unexposed reserpinized animals, but the @entity1063 concentration remained unchanged.4. The @entity935 concentrations in the adrenals after 10 days' exposure to 2.0 mg/1. CS(2) were 67% to 100% higher than in the control animals. In reserpinized @entity35 , 2 days' exposure to @entity40424 nearly trebled the @entity935 content of adrenals.5. Exposure to @entity40424 had no effect on the @entity669 concentration in the brain, and there was no change in the brain @entity19231 ( @entity19231 ) activity. @entity669 in the brain showed a 30 to 96% increase in concentration and @entity19231 activity, using @entity71280 as substrate, showed an approximately 5% increase 0.5 to 2 h after the subcutaneous administration of 500 mg/kg @entity8584 .6. CS(2) at 10(-2)M or lower concentrations had no inhibitory effect on the brain @entity19231 activity in vitro. @entity8584 inhibited @entity19231 at 10(-2)M, but not at 10(-3)M or lower concentrations.

title: The effects of XXXX exposure on brain catecholamines in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity71280 :: ('MESH:D007735', 'Chemical') :: ['kynuramine']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity40424 :: ('CHEBI:23012', 'Chemical') :: ['CS(2)', 'carbon disulphide']

entities_list: @entity8584 :: ('MESH:D004050', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium diethyldithiocarbamate', 'Diethyldithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity40424 :: (CHEBI:23012,Chemical) :: ['carbon disulphide']


abstract: 1. @entity35 exposed to 2.0 mg/1. @entity40424 ( @entity40424 ) in the inspired air for 2 days, 4 h a day, showed a 13% decrease in their brain @entity1063 concentration and a 16% increase in their brain @entity935 concentration.2. After exposure for 5 or 10 days there was a further decrease in the concentration of @entity1063 in the brain, but brain @entity935 returned to the control level.3. In animals treated intraperitoneally with 2.0 mg/kg @entity2515 and exposed 2 and 3 days later to 2.0 mg/1. CS(2) for 4 h per day, the brain @entity935 concentration showed a 77% increase compared with the unexposed reserpinized animals, but the @entity1063 concentration remained unchanged.4. The @entity935 concentrations in the adrenals after 10 days' exposure to 2.0 mg/1. CS(2) were 67% to 100% higher than in the control animals. In reserpinized @entity35 , 2 days' exposure to @entity40424 nearly trebled the @entity935 content of adrenals.5. Exposure to @entity40424 had no effect on the @entity669 concentration in the brain, and there was no change in the brain @entity19231 ( @entity19231 ) activity. @entity669 in the brain showed a 30 to 96% increase in concentration and @entity19231 activity, using @entity71280 as substrate, showed an approximately 5% increase 0.5 to 2 h after the subcutaneous administration of 500 mg/kg @entity8584 .6. CS(2) at 10(-2)M or lower concentrations had no inhibitory effect on the brain @entity19231 activity in vitro. @entity8584 inhibited @entity19231 at 10(-2)M, but not at 10(-3)M or lower concentrations.

title: The effects of @entity40424 exposure on brain catecholamines in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: The National Breast and @entity5 Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) enrolls asymptomatic @entity1 for @entity5 screening and symptomatic @entity1 for diagnostic services. This study describes the results of mammograms provided by the NBCCEDP, by examination indication (screening or diagnostic), and by age group. METHODS: For the first NBCCEDP-funded mammogram received during 2009-2012, we calculated age-specific percentages of abnormal findings, rates of follow-up testing, and invasive and in situ breast @entity5 diagnoses per 1,000  mammograms. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds for each of these outcomes by examination indication. RESULTS: The NBCCEDP provided 941,649 screening, 175,310 diagnostic, and 30,434 unknown indication mammograms to 1,147,393 @entity1 . The percentage with abnormal mammograms was higher for diagnostic mammograms (40.1  %) than for screening mammograms (15.5  %). Compared with @entity1 aged 40-49  years, fewer @entity1 aged 50-64  years had abnormal results for screening (13.7 vs. 19.7  %) and diagnostic mammograms (37.7 vs. 42.7  %). Follow-up rates per 1,000  mammograms were lower among @entity1 aged 50-64 compared to those aged 40-49 (screening: 143.9 vs. 207.5; diagnostic: 645.3 vs. 760.9); biopsy rates exhibited a similar pattern (screening: 24.1 vs. 32.9; diagnostic: 167.7 vs. 169.7). For screening mammograms, older @entity1 had more @entity5 detected than younger @entity1 (invasive: 3.6 vs. 2.2; in situ: 2.3 vs. 2.0). Similarly, for diagnostic mammograms, @entity5 detection was higher for older @entity1 (invasive: 67.8 vs. 36.6; in situ: 17.4 vs. 11.1). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal mammograms and diagnostic follow-up procedures were less frequent in @entity1 aged 50-64  years compared to @entity1 aged 40-49  years, while breast @entity5 detection was higher, regardless of indication for the mammogram. Some of these differences between age groups were greater for screening mammograms than for diagnostic mammograms. @entity5 detection rates were higher for diagnostic mammograms compared with screening mammograms. These findings support the NBCCEDP's priority of serving @entity1 aged 50-64  years and providing both screening and diagnostic mammograms.

title: Clinical outcomes of mammography in the National Breast and XXXX Early Detection Program, 2009-2012.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'Cervical Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']