abstract: PURPOSE: Although orthognathic surgeries focus on adjustment of @entity7439 ( @entity7439 ), many clinicians know by experience that the @entity135 ( @entity135 ) also is corrected after the surgery. The authors examined whether this was indeed the case by the measuring the @entity135 during the course of orthognathic treatment. Factors associated with @entity135 correction also were evaluated. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, clinical features, including the @entity135 , of @entity1 with @entity7439 and those with facial symmetry (FS) were compared. They were outpatients of a private orthodontic dental clinic from December 2008 to March 2012. The degree of @entity135 tilt was evaluated using an interpupillary (IP) horizontal angle. The @entity135 of @entity1 with @entity7439 were analyzed further before presurgical orthodontic treatment, after presurgical orthodontic treatment, after orthognathic surgery and postsurgical orthodontic treatment, and 1  year after completion of postsurgical orthodontic treatment. The @entity135 difference at each time point was analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance. An analysis of factors that influence @entity135 tilt correction was performed by linear regression. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity7439 and 27 with FS were evaluated. The @entity135 tilt was more profound in the @entity7439 group compared with the FS group. There were more @entity1 with skeletal Class III in the @entity7439 group. The degree of @entity135 tilt in the @entity7439 group was decreased after orthognathic surgery and postsurgical orthodontic treatment and remained when measured 1  year later. @entity1 were less prone than @entity1 to @entity135 tilt correction by orthognathic surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity7439 have a tilted @entity135 compared with those with FS. Orthognathic surgery for @entity7439 might correct a tilted @entity135 to a lesser degree in @entity1 .

title: Natural Head Postures of @entity1 With XXXX in Frontal View Are Corrected After Orthognathic Surgeries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['natural head posture', 'NHP']

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['FA', 'facial asymmetry']

answer: @entity7439 :: (MESH:D005146,Disease) :: ['Facial Asymmetry']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although orthognathic surgeries focus on adjustment of @entity7439 ( @entity7439 ), many clinicians know by experience that the @entity135 ( @entity135 ) also is corrected after the surgery. The authors examined whether this was indeed the case by the measuring the @entity135 during the course of orthognathic treatment. Factors associated with @entity135 correction also were evaluated. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, clinical features, including the @entity135 , of @entity1 with @entity7439 and those with facial symmetry (FS) were compared. They were outpatients of a private orthodontic dental clinic from December 2008 to March 2012. The degree of @entity135 tilt was evaluated using an interpupillary (IP) horizontal angle. The @entity135 of @entity1 with @entity7439 were analyzed further before presurgical orthodontic treatment, after presurgical orthodontic treatment, after orthognathic surgery and postsurgical orthodontic treatment, and 1  year after completion of postsurgical orthodontic treatment. The @entity135 difference at each time point was analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance. An analysis of factors that influence @entity135 tilt correction was performed by linear regression. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity7439 and 27 with FS were evaluated. The @entity135 tilt was more profound in the @entity7439 group compared with the FS group. There were more @entity1 with skeletal Class III in the @entity7439 group. The degree of @entity135 tilt in the @entity7439 group was decreased after orthognathic surgery and postsurgical orthodontic treatment and remained when measured 1  year later. @entity1 were less prone than @entity1 to @entity135 tilt correction by orthognathic surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity7439 have a tilted @entity135 compared with those with FS. Orthognathic surgery for @entity7439 might correct a tilted @entity135 to a lesser degree in @entity1 .

title: Natural Head Postures of XXXX With @entity7439 in Frontal View Are Corrected After Orthognathic Surgeries.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that as @entity1 age, distress decreases despite an increase in prevalence of medical comorbidity. This could be due to increased use of psychotropic medications with comorbidity. We tested this hypothesis in older adults. METHODS: Information from medical records of older adults (65 to 99  years of age) in the following groups was collected: @entity1 with @entity0 (n   =   2359), @entity1 without any @entity5 diagnosis (n   =   27,161), @entity1 with @entity263 (n   =   2686), and @entity1 without any @entity5 diagnosis (n   =   21,014). We collected fills of antidepressant or sedative medications, diagnosis of @entity308 in the year of @entity5 diagnosis, and Charlson Comorbidity Index from the year before @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity0 were more likely to fill psychotropic prescriptions (both ps   <   0.02) or be diagnosed with @entity308 (p   <   0.001) than @entity1 without @entity5 . @entity1 with @entity263 were more likely to fill these prescriptions or receive a diagnosis of @entity308 than @entity1 without @entity5 (ps   <   0.05). Charlson was related to increased odds of filling both types of medication in @entity1 with @entity0 and @entity1 with @entity263 (ps   <   0.001). Comorbidity was related to greater odds of receiving a @entity308 diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity263 (p   <   0.001) but not @entity1 with @entity0 (p   >   0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with @entity0 are more likely to fill psychotropic medication prescriptions and receive a @entity308 diagnosis than those without @entity5 . Comorbidity increased the likelihood of medication fills in older adults with @entity5 . As this population experiences polypharmacy, nonpharmacologic treatments for @entity308 may need to be considered.

title: Medical comorbidity and psychotropic medication fills in older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Men', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast or prostate cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast or prostate cancer']


abstract: The present study was designed to determine the role of H2-receptors in the postprandial release of @entity1943 -like immunoreactivity (SLI) from the gastric fundus and antrum and from the pancreas. In @entity235 subjected to laparotomy, the pylorus was bisected and a @entity11541 was created, following which 250 ml 20% liver extract (LE) at pH 7 or 2 were instilled intragastrically. In the fundic vein the @entity3817 in response to LE at pH 7 was 2423 plus or minus 540 pg/ml during a control infusion of saline and 4780 plus or minus 863 pg/ml during the infusion of @entity4444 (1 mg/kg per h) (P less than 0.05). In the antral vein the incremental SLI in response to LE at pH 7 was 2182 plus or minus 530 pg/ml during the saline control but did not rise significantly during @entity4444 infusion. In the pancreatic vein the incremental SLI level after LE at pH 7 was 1953 plus or minus 358 pg/ml in the control experiments and 4430 plus or minus 1024 pg/ml during @entity4444 infusion (P less than 0.025). The incremental inferior vena cava SLI level was approximately 925 pg/ml in both groups (not significant). The instillation of LE at pH 2 during the saline control lowered fundic vein SLI by 500 pg/ml; this decline was abolished during @entity4444 infusion. In the antral vein the incremental SLI level of 15 750 plus or minus 2514 pg/ml during saline was lowered to only 6728 plus or minus 2257 pg/ml during @entity4444 (P less than 0.025). After LE at pH 2 the incremental pancreatic vein SLI level of 5641 plus or minus 1175 pg/ml during the control infusion was also significantly reduced to 2392 plus or minus 559 pg/ml by @entity4444 (P less than 0.05). The incremental SLI in the inferior vena cava was reduced from 1270 plus or minus 280 pg/ml during saline to 680 plus or minus 190 pg/ml when @entity4444 was infused (P less than 0.05). The present data suggest a histaminergic influence via stimulation of H2-receptors upon the regulation of gastric and pancreatic @entity1943 release during the gastric phase of a meal.

title: Role of histamine H2-receptors in gastric and pancreatic release of XXXX -like immunoreactivity during the gastric phase of meal.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity3817 :: ('MESH:C537505', 'Disease') :: ['incremental SLI rise']

entities_list: @entity11541 :: ('MESH:D005747', 'Disease') :: ['gastric fistula']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Diagnosis early in life, sensitization, @entity565 endotypes, monitoring of disease and treatment progression are key motivations for the exploration of biomarkers for @entity2023 and @entity56 . The number of genes related to @entity2023 and @entity56 increases steadily, however prognostic genes have not yet entered clinical application. We hypothesize that the combination of multiple genes may generate biomarkers with prognostic potential. The current review attempts to group more than 161 different potential biomarkers involved in @entity32 to pave the way for future classifiers. The potential biomarkers are categorized into either epithelial or infiltrate-derived or mixed origin, epithelial biomarkers. Furthermore surface markers were grouped into cell-type specific categories. The current literature provides multiple biomarkers for potential @entity565 endotypes that are related to T cell phenotypes such as @entity1198 , Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and Tregs and their lead cytokines. Eosinophilic and @entity565 endotypes are also classified by epithelium-derived @entity25541 and @entity1096 , respectively. There are currently about 20 epithelium-derived biomarkers exclusively derived from epithelium, which are likely to innovate biomarker panels as they are easy to sample. This article systematically reviews and categorizes genes and collects current evidence that may promote these biomarkers to become part of @entity2023 or @entity56 classifiers with high prognostic value. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Current and future biomarkers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate identification and management of @entity3147 is essential so that @entity1 outcomes can be improved and resources used efficaciously. OBJECTIVES: In malnourished older adults admitted to rehabilitation: 1) report the prevalence, health and aged care use, and mortality of malnourished older adults; 2) determine and compare the criterion (concurrent and predictive) validity of the Scored @entity1 -Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in diagnosing @entity3147 ; and 3) identify the Scored PG-SGA score cut-off value associated with @entity3147 . DESIGN: Observational, prospective cohort. @entity1 /SETTING: @entity1 were 57 older adults (65 years and older; mean  standard deviation age=79.1  7.3 years) from two rural rehabilitation units in New South Wales, Australia. MEASUREMENTS/STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Scored PG-SGA; MNA; and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, 10th revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) classification of @entity3147 were compared to establish concurrent @entity3147 prevalence. Length of stay, discharge location, rehospitalization, admission to a residential aged care facility, and mortality were measured to report health-related outcomes and to establish predictive validity. RESULTS: Malnutrition prevalence varied according to assessment tool (ICD-10-AM: 46%; Scored PG-SGA: 53%; MNA: 28%). Using the ICD-10-AM as the reference standard, the Scored PG-SGA ratings (sensitivity 100%, specificity 87%) and score (sensitivity 92%, specificity 84%, ROC AUC [receiver operating characteristics area under the curve]=0.910  0.038) showed strong concurrent validity, and the MNA had moderate concurrent validity (sensitivity 58%, specificity 97%, receiver operating characteristics area under the curve=0.854  0.052). The Scored PG-SGA rating, Scored PG-SGA score, and MNA showed good predictive validity. Malnutrition can increase the risk of longer rehospitalization length of stay, admission to a residential aged care facility, and discharge to hospital or residential aged care facility instead of home. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition prevalence in the geriatric rural rehabilitation population is high, and is associated with increased health and aged care use. The Scored PG-SGA ratings and score are suitable for nutrition assessment in geriatric rehabilitation. The MNA may be suitable for nutrition assessment in geriatric rehabilitation, but care should be taken to ensure all malnourished @entity1 are identified. Additional examination of the criterion validity of the Scored PG-SGA and MNA will lend confidence to these findings.

title: Malnutrition in Geriatric Rehabilitation: Prevalence, XXXX Outcomes, and Criterion Validity of the Scored @entity1 -Generated Subjective Global Assessment and the Mini Nutritional Assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'validity and report malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate identification and management of @entity3147 is essential so that @entity1 outcomes can be improved and resources used efficaciously. OBJECTIVES: In malnourished older adults admitted to rehabilitation: 1) report the prevalence, health and aged care use, and mortality of malnourished older adults; 2) determine and compare the criterion (concurrent and predictive) validity of the Scored @entity1 -Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in diagnosing @entity3147 ; and 3) identify the Scored PG-SGA score cut-off value associated with @entity3147 . DESIGN: Observational, prospective cohort. @entity1 /SETTING: @entity1 were 57 older adults (65 years and older; mean  standard deviation age=79.1  7.3 years) from two rural rehabilitation units in New South Wales, Australia. MEASUREMENTS/STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Scored PG-SGA; MNA; and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems, 10th revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM) classification of @entity3147 were compared to establish concurrent @entity3147 prevalence. Length of stay, discharge location, rehospitalization, admission to a residential aged care facility, and mortality were measured to report health-related outcomes and to establish predictive validity. RESULTS: Malnutrition prevalence varied according to assessment tool (ICD-10-AM: 46%; Scored PG-SGA: 53%; MNA: 28%). Using the ICD-10-AM as the reference standard, the Scored PG-SGA ratings (sensitivity 100%, specificity 87%) and score (sensitivity 92%, specificity 84%, ROC AUC [receiver operating characteristics area under the curve]=0.910  0.038) showed strong concurrent validity, and the MNA had moderate concurrent validity (sensitivity 58%, specificity 97%, receiver operating characteristics area under the curve=0.854  0.052). The Scored PG-SGA rating, Scored PG-SGA score, and MNA showed good predictive validity. Malnutrition can increase the risk of longer rehospitalization length of stay, admission to a residential aged care facility, and discharge to hospital or residential aged care facility instead of home. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition prevalence in the geriatric rural rehabilitation population is high, and is associated with increased health and aged care use. The Scored PG-SGA ratings and score are suitable for nutrition assessment in geriatric rehabilitation. The MNA may be suitable for nutrition assessment in geriatric rehabilitation, but care should be taken to ensure all malnourished @entity1 are identified. Additional examination of the criterion validity of the Scored PG-SGA and MNA will lend confidence to these findings.

title: Malnutrition in Geriatric Rehabilitation: Prevalence, @entity1 Outcomes, and Criterion Validity of the Scored XXXX -Generated Subjective Global Assessment and the Mini Nutritional Assessment.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1911 ( @entity1911 ) and @entity1823 ( @entity1823 ) are neural crest cell @entity5 associated with @entity5733 production and assessed by a @entity6533 / @entity17876 measurement. This review summarizes the genetics of these @entity5 . METHODS: Case presentation, review of the relevant literature, and bullet point conclusions. RESULTS: Genetic research over the past 10 years has led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these @entity5 , currently associated with 20 susceptibility genes (both somatic and germ-line mutations). Although most of these genes can be divided into two clusters (clusters 1 and 2), recent data suggest that all mutations converge on the @entity519 -inducible factor signaling pathway. Most of the susceptibility genes are well characterized and associated with specific clinical presentations, including biochemical phenotype, @entity5 location and behavior, as well as @entity5 or similar characteristics. Correct and early detection of hereditary PHEO/ @entity1823 is paramount, as early diagnosis leads to improved and focused treatment, along with better outcomes. However, missed or delayed diagnosis of hereditary PHEO/ @entity1823 forestalls proper treatment and results in multiple, recurrent, or @entity3 and avoidable complications in some @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis allows prompt screening for potentially lethal @entity5 associated with specific gene mutations and makes genetic testing more readily available to first-degree and other relatives of an index @entity1 . Thus, understanding the genetics of these @entity5 is an essential part of endocrinology. ABBREVIATIONS: HIF2A = @entity519 -inducible factor 2a MAX = Myc-associated factor X MEN2 = @entity13081 NF1 = @entity1264 @entity1823 = @entity1823 PHEO = @entity1911 @entity33683 = @entity4588 dehydrogenase complex assemble factor 2 @entity33684 = transmembrane protein 127 @entity12226 = @entity280 .

title: XXXX and @entity1823 .

entities_list: @entity17876 :: ('MESH:C001746', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxytyramine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'Pheochromocytomas', 'PHEOs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'neoplasms', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity6533 :: ('MESH:D008676', 'Chemical') :: ['metanephrine']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis type 1']

entities_list: @entity13081 :: ('MESH:D018813', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas', 'paraganglioma', 'PGL', 'PGLs']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['Pheochromocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1911 ( @entity1911 ) and @entity1823 ( @entity1823 ) are neural crest cell @entity5 associated with @entity5733 production and assessed by a @entity6533 / @entity17876 measurement. This review summarizes the genetics of these @entity5 . METHODS: Case presentation, review of the relevant literature, and bullet point conclusions. RESULTS: Genetic research over the past 10 years has led to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these @entity5 , currently associated with 20 susceptibility genes (both somatic and germ-line mutations). Although most of these genes can be divided into two clusters (clusters 1 and 2), recent data suggest that all mutations converge on the @entity519 -inducible factor signaling pathway. Most of the susceptibility genes are well characterized and associated with specific clinical presentations, including biochemical phenotype, @entity5 location and behavior, as well as @entity5 or similar characteristics. Correct and early detection of hereditary PHEO/ @entity1823 is paramount, as early diagnosis leads to improved and focused treatment, along with better outcomes. However, missed or delayed diagnosis of hereditary PHEO/ @entity1823 forestalls proper treatment and results in multiple, recurrent, or @entity3 and avoidable complications in some @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis allows prompt screening for potentially lethal @entity5 associated with specific gene mutations and makes genetic testing more readily available to first-degree and other relatives of an index @entity1 . Thus, understanding the genetics of these @entity5 is an essential part of endocrinology. ABBREVIATIONS: HIF2A = @entity519 -inducible factor 2a MAX = Myc-associated factor X MEN2 = @entity13081 NF1 = @entity1264 @entity1823 = @entity1823 PHEO = @entity1911 @entity33683 = @entity4588 dehydrogenase complex assemble factor 2 @entity33684 = transmembrane protein 127 @entity12226 = @entity280 .

title: @entity1911 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paraganglioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) morbidity rate in the Polish population, calculated @entity307 ,000 inhabitants of a given province, taking into account the differences between urban and rural areas, gender and area of residence (province) 2008-2012. METHOD: From the NFZ IT systems information was obtained on the treatment of @entity1 who had M08 and M09 @entity625 , diseases classified elsewhere by the ICD-10 diagnosis code in the settlement report of the hospital. The number of @entity1 , their gender and age at individual diagnoses were calculated based on the PESEL number provided in the statistical reports of the @entity1 with the analysed ICD-10 diagnosis. Urban and rural cases were compared using commune @entity10688 codes. The basic for classifying the @entity1 as a member of a urban or rural population was the @entity10688 code of the declared place of residence. RESULTS: In Poland, the number of @entity1 suffering from @entity4932 has been increasing since 2008 - from 9.2 thousand in 2008 to 11.4 thousand in 2012. The majority were @entity1 (approx. 62%). Most @entity1 were living in urban areas; in 2008, 5.9 thousand: urban areas - 64% of @entity1 and 36% of @entity1 ; 3.2 thousand: rural areas - 62% of @entity1 , 38% of @entity1 ); in 2012, 7.2 thousand - urban areas); 4.2 thousand - rural areas. The morbidity indicators ranged from 0.195 - 0.357 @entity307 ,000 inhabitants, depending on the year, gender and place of residence (province and commune).

title: Juvenile idiopathic XXXX morbidity rate in rural and urban areas of Poland 2008-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'men']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: Antimicrobial peptides are universal in all forms of life and are well known for their strong interaction with the cell membrane. This makes them a popular target for investigation of peptide-lipid interactions. Here we report the effect of melittin, an important antimicrobial peptide, on the dynamics of membranes based on @entity59600 ( @entity17595 ) lipid in both the solid gel and fluid phases. To probe the phase transition, elastic neutron intensity temperature scans have been carried out on @entity17595 -based unilamellar vesicles (ULV) with and without melittin. We have found that addition of a small amount (0.2 mol%) melittin eliminates the steep fall in the elastic intensity at 296 K associated with the solid gel to fluid phase transition, which is observed for pure @entity17595 vesicles. Quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments have been carried out on @entity17595 ULV in the solid gel and fluid phases with and without 0.2 mol% melittin. The data analysis invariably shows the presence of lateral and internal motions of the @entity17595 molecule. We found that melittin does have a profound effect on the dynamics of lipid molecules, especially on the lateral motion, and affects it in a different way, depending on the phase of the bilayers. In the solid gel phase, it acts as a plasticizer, enhancing the lateral motion of @entity17595 . However, in the fluid phase it acts as a stiffening agent, restricting the lateral motion of the lipid molecules. These observations are consistent with the mean squared displacements extracted from the elastic intensity temperature scans. Their importance lies in the fact that many membrane processes, including signaling and energy transduction pathways, are controlled to a great extent by the lateral diffusion of lipids in the membrane. To investigate the effect of melittin on vesicles supplemented with @entity165 , QENS experiments have also been carried out on @entity17595 ULV with @entity165 in the presence and absence of 0.2 mol% melittin. Remarkably, the effects of melittin on the membrane dynamics disappear in the presence of 20 mol% @entity165 . Our measurements indicate that the destabilizing effect of the peptide melittin on membranes can be mitigated by the presence of @entity165 . This study might provide new insights into the mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides and their selective toxicity towards foreign microorganisms.

title: Effect of antimicrobial peptide on the dynamics of phosphocholine membrane: role of XXXX and physical state of bilayer.

entities_list: @entity59600 :: ('CHEBI:45240', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preterm @entity1 are at risk for @entity2806 . No therapy exists to treat this @entity1545 and subsequent long-term sequelae. We have previously shown in a well-established pre-clinical model of global @entity519 - @entity63 (HI) that mesenchymal stem cells are a promising candidate for the treatment of @entity2806 . In the current study, we investigated the neuroprotective capacity of multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC(  )), which are adherent bone marrow-derived cells of an earlier developmental stage than mesenchymal stem cells and exhibiting more potent anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. METHODS: Instrumented preterm @entity742 fetuses were subjected to global @entity519 - @entity63 by 25  min of umbilical cord occlusion at a gestational age of 106 (term ~147) days. During a 7-day reperfusion period, vital parameters (e.g., blood pressure and heart rate; baroreceptor reflex) and (amplitude-integrated) electroencephalogram were recorded. At the end of the experiment, the preterm brain was studied by histology. RESULTS: Systemic administration of MAPC therapy reduced the number and duration of @entity410 and prevented @entity393 after global HI. In addition, MAPC  cells prevented HI-induced microglial proliferation in the preterm brain. These anti-inflammatory effects were associated with MAPC-induced prevention of @entity17 after global HI. Besides attenuation of the cerebral inflammatory response, our findings showed that MAPC  cells modulated the peripheral splenic inflammatory response, which has been implicated in the etiology of @entity63 in the preterm brain. CONCLUSIONS: In a pre-clinical animal model MAPC cell therapy improved the functional and structural outcome of the preterm brain after global HI. Future studies should establish the mechanism and long-term therapeutic effects of neuroprotection established by MAPC  cells in the developing preterm brain exposed to HI. Our study may form the basis for future clinical trials, which will evaluate whether MAPC therapy is capable of reducing neurological sequelae in preterm @entity1 with @entity2806 .

title: Multipotent adult progenitor cells for XXXX in the preterm brain.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['hypomyelination']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain injury', 'hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in baroreflex sensitivity']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity834 in bowel surgery remains a devastating complication. Various risk factors have been uncovered, however, high @entity834 rates are still being reported. This study describes the use of calcification markers of the central abdominal arteries as a prognostic factor for @entity14 . METHODS: This case-control study includes clinical data from three different hospitals. @entity460 volume and @entity460 score of the aortoiliac tract were determined by CT-scan analysis. Cases were all @entity1 with @entity834 after a left-sided @entity254 (n  =  30). Three controls were randomly matched for each case. Only @entity1 with a contrast-enhanced pre-operative CT-scan were included. RESULTS: The measurements of the @entity460 score and @entity460 volume of the different trajectories showed that there was one significant difference with regard to the right external iliac artery. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant different negative odds ratio of the presence of @entity460 in the right external iliac artery. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity460 volume and @entity460 score of the aortoiliac trajectory does not correlate with the risk of @entity14 after a left-sided @entity254 .

title: Is aortoiliac calcification linked to XXXX ? A case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal anastomotic leakage']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal anastomotic leakage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several recent studies report the detrimental effect of @entity46 excision on the ovarian reserve. Surgical technique and the excessive use of @entity162 could be the key factors. Single-port access laparoscopy (SPAL) @entity43 has been reported as a comparable procedure to conventional laparoscopy in terms of operative outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the single-port surgery affects the ovarian reserve whilst performing laparoscopic @entity43 for @entity46 . This was a prospective, case-control study of 99 @entity1 with @entity46 . Forty-nine @entity1 underwent single-port cystectomy and 50 @entity1 underwent multiport laparoscopic (MPL) conventional cystectomy. The primary outcome was the assessment of the ovarian reserve. We evaluated the serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels before, 4-6 weeks and 3 months after surgery. At T2 we performed an ultrasound assessment of the antral follicular count (AFC). We have drawn attention to a statistically significant decrease of the mean AMH value and AFC in the SPAL group at the 4-6-week and 3-month follow-up compared to the conventional laparoscopy group. In conclusion, our results suggest that SPAL cystectomy should not be recommended to @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity46 excision who want to preserve their fertility.

title: Surgical technique of XXXX excision impacts on the ovarian reserve. Single-port access laparoscopy versus multiport access laparoscopy: a case control study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cystectomy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar coagulation']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioma', 'unilateral endometrioma']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometrioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Thoughts of historical loss (i.e., the loss of culture, land, and @entity1 as a result of colonization) are conceptualized as a contributor to the contemporary distress experienced by North American Indigenous populations. Although discussions of historical loss and related constructs (e.g., historical trauma) are widespread within the Indigenous literature, empirical efforts to understand the consequence of historical loss are limited, partially because of the lack of valid assessments. In this study we evaluated the longitudinal measurement properties of the Historical Loss Scale (HLS)-a standardized measure that was developed to systematically examine the frequency with which Indigenous individuals think about historical loss-among a sample of North American Indigenous adolescents. We also test the hypothesis that thoughts of historical loss can be psychologically distressing. METHODS: Via face-to-face interviews, 636 Indigenous adolescents from a single cultural group completed the HLS and a measure of @entity148 at 4 time-points, which were separated by 1- to 2-year intervals (M age = 12.09 years, SD = .86, 50.0% @entity1 at baseline). RESULTS: Responses to the HLS were explained well by 3-factor (i.e., cultural loss, loss of @entity1 , and cultural mistreatment) and second-order factor structures. Both of these factor structures held full longitudinal metric (i.e., factor loadings) and scalar (i.e., intercepts) equivalence. In addition, using the second-order factor structure, more frequent thoughts of historical loss were associated with increased @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: The identified 3-factor and second-order HLS structures held full longitudinal measurement equivalence. Moreover, as predicted, our results suggest that historical loss can be psychologically distressing for Indigenous adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: The Historical Loss Scale: Longitudinal Measurement Equivalence and Prospective Links to XXXX Among North American Indigenous Adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'girls']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cytologic diagnosis obtained by brushing or biopsy in @entity5 is considered to be highly specific but poorly sensitive. The diagnostic association of biliary brushing and bile exfoliate cytology has been suggested but is rarely performed in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of bile aspiration associated with biliary brushing during therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). METHODS: From 2004 to 2009, 239 consecutive @entity1 who underwent ERCP were included in the study. The biliary strictures were considered clinically benign in 26% of @entity1 , uncertain in 25%, and malignant in 49%. The 298 cytologic samples collected were divided in 3 groups: bile aspiration alone (26%), biliary brushing alone (20%), and bile aspiration combined with brushing (54%). The definitive diagnosis of @entity5 was obtained by biopsy, surgery, and fine-needle aspiration or was determined by an unfavorable disease course. RESULTS: The cytologic diagnoses were as follows: 149 samples were benign (50%), 114 were malignant (38%), 34 had atypia (12%), and 1 had no diagnostic value. The procedure output values were as follows: for bile aspiration alone, sensitivity was 56.4%, specificity was 93.9%, the positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) was 91.7%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 64.6%; for brushing alone, sensitivity was 62.5%, both specificity and the @entity2286 were 100%, and the NPV was 73%; and, for bile aspiration and brushing combined, sensitivity was 81%, both specificity and the @entity2286 were 100%, and the NPV was 75%. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 who have symptomatic @entity253 , bile aspiration during ERCP is a simple and safe procedure. Bile aspiration combined with brushing significantly increases the yield of cytology for @entity5 (sensitivity, 81%), particularly in @entity201 . @entity5 ( @entity5 Cytopathol) 2015.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Monocentric study of bile aspiration associated with biliary brushing performed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in 239 @entity1 with symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant biliary tumors', 'malignant biliary strictures', 'Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary stricture']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary stricture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cytologic diagnosis obtained by brushing or biopsy in @entity5 is considered to be highly specific but poorly sensitive. The diagnostic association of biliary brushing and bile exfoliate cytology has been suggested but is rarely performed in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of bile aspiration associated with biliary brushing during therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). METHODS: From 2004 to 2009, 239 consecutive @entity1 who underwent ERCP were included in the study. The biliary strictures were considered clinically benign in 26% of @entity1 , uncertain in 25%, and malignant in 49%. The 298 cytologic samples collected were divided in 3 groups: bile aspiration alone (26%), biliary brushing alone (20%), and bile aspiration combined with brushing (54%). The definitive diagnosis of @entity5 was obtained by biopsy, surgery, and fine-needle aspiration or was determined by an unfavorable disease course. RESULTS: The cytologic diagnoses were as follows: 149 samples were benign (50%), 114 were malignant (38%), 34 had atypia (12%), and 1 had no diagnostic value. The procedure output values were as follows: for bile aspiration alone, sensitivity was 56.4%, specificity was 93.9%, the positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) was 91.7%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 64.6%; for brushing alone, sensitivity was 62.5%, both specificity and the @entity2286 were 100%, and the NPV was 73%; and, for bile aspiration and brushing combined, sensitivity was 81%, both specificity and the @entity2286 were 100%, and the NPV was 75%. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 who have symptomatic @entity253 , bile aspiration during ERCP is a simple and safe procedure. Bile aspiration combined with brushing significantly increases the yield of cytology for @entity5 (sensitivity, 81%), particularly in @entity201 . @entity5 ( @entity5 Cytopathol) 2015.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: Monocentric study of bile aspiration associated with biliary brushing performed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in 239 XXXX with symptomatic @entity253 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The major clinical challenge in the treatment of high-grade serous @entity43 (HGSOC) is the development of progressive resistance to @entity902 -based chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to determine whether @entity5 genetic heterogeneity resulting from @entity2214 and the emergence of @entity5 populations in HGSOC was associated with the development of resistant disease. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Evolutionary inference and phylogenetic quantification of heterogeneity was performed using the MEDICC algorithm on high-resolution whole genome copy number profiles and selected genome-wide sequencing of 135 spatially and temporally separated samples from 14 @entity1 with HGSOC who received @entity902 -based chemotherapy. Samples were obtained from the clinical CTCR-OV03/04 studies, and @entity1 were enrolled between 20 July 2007 and 22 October 2009. Median follow-up of the cohort was 31 mo (interquartile range 22-46 mo), censored after 26 October 2013. Outcome measures were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). There were marked differences in the degree of @entity2214 ( @entity2214 ) between @entity1 (median 0.74, interquartile range 0.66-1.15), and dichotimization by median @entity2214 showed worse survival in @entity2214 -high cases (PFS 12.7 versus 10.1 mo, p = 0.009; @entity1349 42.6 versus 23.5 mo, p = 0.003). Bootstrap analysis with resampling showed that the 95% confidence intervals for the hazard ratios for PFS and @entity1349 in the @entity2214 -high group were greater than 1.0. These data support a relationship between heterogeneity and survival but do not precisely determine its effect size. Relapsed tissue was available for two @entity1 in the @entity2214 -high group, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the prevalent clonal population at clinical recurrence arose from early divergence events. A subclonal population marked by a @entity1265 deletion showed a progressive @entity5 allele fraction during chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that quantitative measures of @entity5 heterogeneity may have predictive value for survival after chemotherapy treatment in HGSOC. @entity5 populations are present in pre-treatment biopsies in HGSOC and can undergo expansion during chemotherapy, causing clinical relapse.

title: Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in high-grade serous XXXX : a phylogenetic analysis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal evolution', 'CE', 'clonal expansion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['subclonal tumour', 'Subclonal tumour', 'intra-tumour', 'increase in tumour']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously described the hemostatic efficacy of a self-expanding @entity2636 foam in lethal venous and @entity548 models. A number of critical translational questions remain, including prehospital diagnosis of @entity548 , use with @entity130 , effects on spontaneous respiration, the role of omentum, and presence of a laparotomy on foam properties. METHODS: In Experiment 1, diagnostic blood aspiration was attempted through a Veress needle before foam deployment during exsanguination (n = 53). In Experiment 2: a lethal @entity130 /diaphragmatic laceration was created followed by foam (n = 6) or resuscitation (n = 10). In Experiment 3, the foam was deployed in na  ve, spontaneously breathing animals (n = 7), and respiration was monitored. In Experiments 4 and 5, the foam was deployed above (n = 6) and below the omentum (n = 6) and in na  ve animals (n = 6). Intra-abdominal pressure and organ contact were assessed. RESULTS: In Experiment 1, blood was successfully aspirated from a Veress needle in 70% of lethal iliac artery injuries and 100% of lethal @entity130 . In Experiment 2, in the presence of a @entity130 , between 0 cc and 110 cc of foam was found within the pleural space. Foam treatment resulted in a survival benefit relative to the control group at 1 hour (p = 0.03). In Experiment 3, hypercarbia was observed: mean (SD) Pco2 was 48 (9.4) mm Hg at baseline and 65 (14) mm Hg at 60 minutes. In Experiment 4, abdominal omentum seemed to influence organ contact and transport in two foam deployments. In Experiment 5, there was no difference in intra-abdominal pressure following foam deployment in the absence of a midline laparotomy. CONCLUSION: In a series of large animal studies, we addressed key translational issues surrounding safe use of foam treatment. These additional data, from diagnosis to deployment, will guide @entity1 experiences with foam treatment for massive abdominal exsanguination where no other treatments are available.

title: Diagnosis and deployment of a self-expanding foam for abdominal exsanguination: Translational questions for XXXX use.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragm injury', 'diaphragmatic injury', 'hepatoportal injuries', 'hepatoportal injury']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'arterial hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the availability of diverse job accommodations (or flexible @entity1442 ) and to describe their use among @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), as well as to examine factors associated with the use of job accommodations. METHODS: A mail survey was sent to adult @entity1252 @entity1 receiving care from a @entity1252 clinic based in Toronto, Canada. The survey assessed demographic information, self-reported disease activity, work history, workplace activity limitations, job strain, and the availability and use of job accommodations. Standard multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with the use of job accommodations. RESULTS: We received 362 responses of 604 mailed surveys (60% response rate). @entity1 who were employed within the last 5 years, but who were not currently working, were less likely than currently employed @entity1 to report having had job accommodations available to them at their last place of employment. The use of job accommodations was reported by 70% of currently employed respondents and by 72% of those not currently employed. The most common job accommodation used was sick leave days. Factors positively associated with the use of job accommodations among those who were employed included higher levels of education, being diagnosed with @entity239 , at least 1 episode of short-term work disability, not belonging to a union, greater workplace activity limitations, and greater job strain. CONCLUSION: The use of job accommodations among @entity1 with @entity1252 is common. Work context factors, such as workplace activity limitations and job strain, are the main factors associated with the use of job accommodations.

title: Job Accommodations Availability and Utilization Among XXXX With Lupus: An Examination of Workplace Activity Limitations and Work Context Factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['working arrangements']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: A radioimmunoassay procedure to measure @entity1954 (T3) in unextracted urine is described. One hundred microliter of T3 standards or samples were incubated with 100 microliter of T3 antiserum (1:40,000), 100 microliter of tracer 125I-T3 and 700 microliter of 0.05 M borate buffer, pH 8.6. Separation of free from bound antigen was achieved by dextran coated charcoal. The cross-reaction of L-T3 with @entity2016 in this assay system was less than 0.2%. Dilution of high T3 urine was parallel to the standard curve. Recovery was 101 +/- 8%. Coefficients of variation were 3-8% within each assay and 13% between assays. Euthyroid subjects excreted 0.81 +/- 0.39 microgram (mean +/- S.D.) in 24 hr. Similar values were obtained in pregnant @entity1 , @entity3214 @entity1 with @entity10972 , and a @entity1 with @entity35454 . Excretion of urinary T3 was high (7.48 +/- 3.32 microgram/24 h) in @entity1 with @entity1378 , and low (0.14 +/- 0.15 microgram/24 hr) in @entity1 with @entity1375 . Urinary T3 excretion was almost undetectable in @entity177 . Positive correlations were found between urinary T3 and serum total T3 (r = 0.89) and especially serum free T3 (r - 0.97). A positive correlation was also found between urinary T3 and @entity1011 clearance (r = 0.63). Mean urinary clearance of T3(CT3=Urinary T3 excretion/serum free T3 was 166 ml/min and was significantly higher than their mean @entity1011 clearance (110 ml/min). The measurement of T3 in urine is reliable and easy to perform, and may allow a new approach to the understanding of thyroid hormone metabolism.

title: Measurement of XXXX in urine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity10972 :: ('MESH:C535842', 'Disease') :: ['chronic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['terminal renal failure']

entities_list: @entity35454 :: ('MESH:C564049', 'Disease') :: ['thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['euthyroid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['triiodothyronine']


abstract: @entity3932 is a @entity1462 consisting of a facial @entity3809 associated with @entity3120 and a @entity2194 . It is a rare @entity4848 that occurs sporadically, is not inherited, and is caused by a somatic mosaic mutation in @entity10158 . In @entity1 with @entity3932 , brain involvement typically presents in infancy with @entity410 , @entity64 , and @entity64 -like episodes, and a range of @entity16 . Standard treatment includes laser therapy for the birthmark, control of @entity726 through eyedrops or surgery, and the use of anticonvulsants. Increasingly low-dose @entity117 is offered. Treatment with @entity1169 has been tried generally without the dramatic results seen in @entity2695 . Treatment with an anticonvulsant or low-dose @entity117 or both before the onset of @entity410 is an option. Surgical resection may be offered to those whose @entity410 are medically refractory. Endocrine, medical rehabilitation and cognitive comorbidities are important to manage. In the future, new therapeutic options are likely to be offered stemming from preclinical studies and small pilot clinical trials currently ongoing. Discovery of the causative somatic mosaic mutation suggests new insights into the pathophysiology of this @entity455 , and potential novel treatment strategies for future study. The mutation results in constitutive overactivation of the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK and the HIPPO-YAP pathways and inhibitors of these pathways may in the future prove useful in the treatment of @entity3932 .

title: Current Therapeutic Options in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['choroid "angioma" of the eye']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity3120 :: ('MESH:D009383', 'Disease') :: ['malformed leptomeningeal blood vessels']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation disorder']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairments']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['neurocutaneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['port-wine birthmark']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation syndrome']

answer: @entity3932 :: (MESH:D013341,Disease) :: ['Sturge-Weber Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Exercise can improve motor function in @entity1 with @entity191 but @entity308 reduces the motivation to participate in regular exercise. The aim of this study was to develop a novel Enhanced Exercise Therapy program that uses manual-driven guided exercise and peer-facilitated psychoeducation for individuals with @entity191 and @entity308 . DESIGN: 24 week randomized controlled design. METHODS: Thirty individuals were randomized to Enhanced Exercise Therapy or self-guided therapy, and evaluated at baseline, 12-weeks and at 24-weeks. Enhanced Exercise Therapy included group exercise and group psychoeducation for 12 weeks. Between 13 and 24 weeks, individuals had access to the fitness facility but group sessions were not held. Self-guided therapy included written guidelines for a self-paced exercise program and psychoeducation. Primary outcome measures included the number of exercise sessions and International Physical Activity Questionnaire score. Secondary measures included resting heart rate, supine blood pressure, estimated VO2max and incidence of @entity551 . RESULTS: Twenty four individuals completed the study (80% retention) and both groups attended similar number of exercise sessions. There were no significant changes in cardiovascular fitness measures but there was a significant increase in the amount of physical activity in the Enhanced Exercise Therapy group and a decrease in the self-guided therapy group during the post-intervention period. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced Exercise Therapy appears to promote engagement in an exercise program and more physical activity, even after group sessions were concluded in individuals with @entity191 and @entity308 .

title: Enhanced Exercise Therapy in XXXX : A comparative effectiveness trial.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Guidelines in the United States recommend consideration of testing for mutations in the @entity5345 and @entity2674 genes for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 under age 45. Identification of mutations among survivors has implications for secondary prevention and familial risk reduction. Although only 10  % of @entity0 are diagnosed under age 45, there are approximately 2.8  million @entity0 survivors in the United States, such that the young survivor population likely numbers in the hundreds of thousands. However, little is known about genetic testing rates in this population. We assessed trends in @entity6069 testing among @entity0 survivors who were under age 45 at diagnosis and were treated from 2005 to 2012. Using insurance claims from a national database (MarketScan), we identified incident @entity0 cases among (1) @entity1 aged  <=40 and (2) @entity1 aged 41-45. We measured @entity5345 /2 testing using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. Among 26,985 @entity1 analyzed, @entity5345 /2 testing rates increased with each year of diagnosis from 2005 to 2012 (P  <  0.001). However, among @entity1 treated in earlier years, testing rates did not approach those of @entity1 treated later, even after extended follow-up (median time from surgery to testing among @entity1 treated in 2005, not reached; median time to testing among @entity1 treated in 2012, 0.2  months for @entity1 aged  <=40 and 1.0  month for @entity1 aged 41-45). @entity1 aged 41-45 had lower rates than @entity1 aged  <=40 throughout the analysis period (P  <  0.001 for each year). @entity6069 testing rates among young @entity1 with incident @entity0 increased substantially in the last decade. However, most survivors treated in earlier years have never been tested. Our results demonstrate a need to better incorporate genetic counseling into survivorship and primary care for this population.

title: Rates of @entity6069 mutation testing among young survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Guidelines in the United States recommend consideration of testing for mutations in the @entity5345 and @entity2674 genes for @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 under age 45. Identification of mutations among survivors has implications for secondary prevention and familial risk reduction. Although only 10  % of @entity0 are diagnosed under age 45, there are approximately 2.8  million @entity0 survivors in the United States, such that the young survivor population likely numbers in the hundreds of thousands. However, little is known about genetic testing rates in this population. We assessed trends in @entity6069 testing among @entity0 survivors who were under age 45 at diagnosis and were treated from 2005 to 2012. Using insurance claims from a national database (MarketScan), we identified incident @entity0 cases among (1) @entity1 aged  <=40 and (2) @entity1 aged 41-45. We measured @entity5345 /2 testing using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. Among 26,985 @entity1 analyzed, @entity5345 /2 testing rates increased with each year of diagnosis from 2005 to 2012 (P  <  0.001). However, among @entity1 treated in earlier years, testing rates did not approach those of @entity1 treated later, even after extended follow-up (median time from surgery to testing among @entity1 treated in 2005, not reached; median time to testing among @entity1 treated in 2012, 0.2  months for @entity1 aged  <=40 and 1.0  month for @entity1 aged 41-45). @entity1 aged 41-45 had lower rates than @entity1 aged  <=40 throughout the analysis period (P  <  0.001 for each year). @entity6069 testing rates among young @entity1 with incident @entity0 increased substantially in the last decade. However, most survivors treated in earlier years have never been tested. Our results demonstrate a need to better incorporate genetic counseling into survivorship and primary care for this population.

title: Rates of XXXX mutation testing among young survivors of @entity0 .

answer: @entity6069 :: (672;675,Gene) :: ['BRCA1/2']


abstract: @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ), the classical animal model for experimental @entity625 , resembles @entity1 @entity309 in several aspects. However, the most widely used method of inducing @entity1753 utilizes Freund's adjuvants, which can skew the elicited immune responses and also pose @entity137 problems. This unit describes a new method of inducing @entity1753 using a well defined stimuli-responsive synthetic polymer, @entity1683 -based adjuvant, mixed with the joint cartilage protein collagen type II (CII). @entity1683 as an adjuvant is biodegradable and biocompatible, and does not skew immune responses. Thus, it is helpful in the development of @entity625 models for studying antigen and tissue -specific autoimmune responses in an unbiased manner. This model is valuable for analyzing disease pathways, positional identification of genes regulating @entity625 , validation of existing therapies, and exploring new therapeutic targets. Furthermore, this newly developed @entity1683 adjuvant allows investigation of disease induction using specific autoantigens in several @entity792 independently of toll-like receptors, as well as optimization of vaccine delivery systems for @entity166 . Curr. Protoc. @entity19 Biol. 4:11-24    2014 by John Wiley _ Sons, Inc.

title: Synthetic polymer as an adjuvant in collagen-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['Collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity1683 :: ('MESH:C520884', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-N-isopropylacrylamide', 'PNiPAAm']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of feeding @entity2247 naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on growth performance, @entity4 , and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein of gilts and the recovery of gilts fed normal diets immediately after the exposure to contaminated diets by measuring growth performance and @entity4 . In Exp. 1, four diets were prepared to contain 0%, 15%, 30%, or 45% contaminated @entity2247 containing 25.7 mg/kg @entity12070 and 26.0  g/kg @entity12071 . Sixteen gilts with an initial body weight (BW) of 33.3 kg (standard deviation = 3.0) were individually housed in a metabolism crate and assigned to 4 diets with 4 replicates in a randomized complete block design based on BW. During the 14-d feeding trial, individual BW and feed consumption were measured weekly and the vertical and horizontal lengths of vulva were measured every 3 d. From d 10, feces were collected by the maker-to-marker method for 4 d. Blood samples were collected on d 14. During the overall period, the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain:feed of @entity1707 linearly decreased (p<0.01) as the dietary concentration of contaminated @entity2247 increased. However, the digestibility of crude protein was linearly increased (p = 0.011) with the increasing amounts of contaminated @entity2247 . Increasing dietary Fusarium mycotoxin concentrations did not influence vulva size, blood characteristic as well as immunoglobulin level of @entity1707 . In the Exp. 2, a @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal-based diet was formulated as a recovery diet. @entity1707 were fed the recovery diet immediately after completion of the Exp. 1. During the 14-d of recovery period, the individual BW and feed consumption were measured weekly and the vertical and horizontal length of vulva were measured every 3 d from d 0. On d 7, the feed intake of @entity1707 previously fed contaminated diets already reached that of @entity1707 fed a diet with 0% contaminated @entity2247 and no significant difference in growth performance among treatments was observed during d 7 to 14 of the recovery period. In conclusion, increasing levels of mycotoxins in diets linearly decreased the growth performance of @entity1707 , and these damages can be recovered in 7 d after the diet was replaced with a normal diet. The vulva size, blood characteristic, immune responses were not affected by increasing level of contaminated @entity2247 in the diets fed to @entity1707 .

title: Effects of Feeding XXXX Naturally Contaminated with Fusarium Mycotoxins on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Chemistry of Gilts and Growth Recoveries by Feeding a Non-contaminated Diet.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['vulva swelling']

entities_list: @entity12070 :: ('MESH:C007262', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxynivalenol']

entities_list: @entity12071 :: ('MESH:D015025', 'Chemical') :: ['zearalenone']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['Barley']


abstract: We have measured puff by puff the effect of smoking three brands of cigarettes with different composition on airways resistance (Raw) thoracic gas volume (TGV) and the maximal expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curve. Raw increased significantly with all three brands of cigarettes after one puff. The maximum effect was reached after three puffs. Instantaneous flow at 50% of vital capacity (FEF50) decreased significantly with cigarettes high in @entity1239 content, but not so after smoking a low @entity1239 (0.31 mg) cigarette. Instantaneous flow at 75% of vital capacity out (FEF75) increased significantly 30 min after the low @entity1239 cigarette was smoked. A deep inspiration prior to Raw determination reduced by approximately one third the bronchoconstrictor effect of cigarette smoke. All effects were reversible within 30 min, except the delayed effect of the low @entity1239 cigarette on the FEF75. We conclude that the probable site of action of @entity286 smoke is in the large and central airways. The bronchoconstrictor effect rapidly reaches a plateau. A delayed bronchodilation of the small airways observed after smoking the low @entity1239 cigarette might represent a response usually masked by other long-acting components in smoke. We suggest that the airway response to @entity286 smoke is complex and probably a result of several components present in smoke which still have to be identified.

title: Airways response to inhaled XXXX smoke: time course, dose dependence and effect of volume history.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Measuring forces applied by multi-cellular organisms is valuable in investigating biomechanics of their locomotion. Several technologies have been developed to measure such forces, for example, strain gauges, micro-machined sensors, and calibrated cantilevers. We introduce an innovative combination of techniques as a high throughput screening tool to assess forces applied by multiple genetic model organisms. First, we fabricated colored @entity13768 ( @entity16549 ) micropillars where the color enhances contrast making it easier to detect and track pillar displacement driven by the organism. Second, we developed a semi-automated graphical user interface to analyze the images for pillar displacement, thus reducing the analysis time for each animal to minutes. The addition of color reduced the Young's modulus of @entity16549 . Therefore, the dye- @entity16549 composite was characterized using Yeoh's hyperelastic model and the pillars were calibrated using a @entity6619 based force sensor. We used our device to measure forces exerted by wild type and mutant @entity2199 moving on an agarose surface. Wild type @entity2199 exert an average force of    1    N on an individual pillar and a total average force of    7.68    N. We show that the middle of @entity2199 exerts more force than its extremities. We find that @entity2199 mutants with defective body wall muscles apply significantly lower force on individual pillars, while mutants defective in sensing externally applied mechanical forces still apply the same average force per pillar compared to wild type animals. Average forces applied per pillar are independent of the length, diameter, or cuticle stiffness of the animal. We also used the device to measure, for the first time, forces applied by @entity238 larvae. Peristaltic waves occurred at 0.4   Hz applying an average force of    1.58    N on a single pillar. Our colored microfluidic device along with its displacement tracking software allows us to measure forces applied by multiple model organisms that crawl or slither to travel through their environment.

title: Colored XXXX micropillar arrays for high throughput measurements of forces applied by genetic model organisms.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['Polydimethylsiloxane']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity13768 :: (MESH:C013830,Chemical) :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']


abstract: Relaxin hormone secreted into the circulation during pregnancy was discovered through its effects on pubic symphysis relaxation and parturition. Genetic inactivation of the relaxin gene or its cognate @entity57639 ( @entity57639 ) in @entity19 caused failure of parturition and mammary nipple enlargement, as well as increased collagen fiber density in the cervix and vagina. However, the relaxin effect on discrete cells and tissues has yet to be determined. Using @entity19 with a knockin LacZ reporter in the @entity57639 allele, we showed strong expression of this gene in vaginal and cervical stromal cells, as well as pubic ligament cells. We produced a floxed @entity57639 allele that was used in combination with the @entity21823 -cre transgene to generate @entity19 with a smooth muscle-specific gene knockout. In pregnant females, the @entity25325 reporter activated by @entity21823 -cre was detected in smooth muscle cells of the cervix, vagina, uterine artery, and in cells of the pubic symphysis. In late pregnant females with conditional gene ablation, the length of pubic symphysis was significantly reduced compared with wild-type or heterozygous @entity57639 (+/-) females. Denser collagen content was revealed by Masson trichrome staining in reproductive tract organs, uterine artery, and pubic symphysis. The cervical and vaginal epithelium was less developed than in heterozygous or wild-type females, although nipple size was normal and the dams were able to nurse their pups. In summary, our data indicate that relaxin/ @entity57639 signaling in smooth muscle cells is important for normal collagen turnover and relaxation of the pubic symphysis during pregnancy.

title: Conditional deletion of the relaxin receptor gene in cells of smooth muscle lineage affects lower reproductive tract in pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity57639 :: ('381489(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Rxfp1', 'RXFP1', 'relaxin family peptide receptor 1']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The biological responses of @entity5383 ( @entity16773 ) nanoparticles (NPs) and nanowires (NWs) in cultured fibroblasts (L929) and macrophages (RAW264) were evaluated from their cytotoxicities and micromorphologic properties. Cultured cells were exposed to @entity16773 NPs (13 nm diameter) and @entity16773 NWs (2-6 * 200-400 nm). @entity137 and genotoxicity were examined by immunostaining with fluorescence microscopy, and nanomaterial localization was studied by using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The NPs were cytotoxic and genotoxic, whereas the NWs were not. The scanning electron microscopy images showed that the NPs aggregate more on the cell surface than do the NWs. The transmission electron microscopy images showed that the NPs were internalized into the vesicle and nuclei, for both cell types. In contrast, numerous solid NWs were observed as large aggregates in vesicles, but not in nuclei. @entity16 was confirmed by measuring cell viability and by immunostaining for NPs. The chemical changes induced by the NPs in the vesicles or cells may cause cell damage because of their large surface area per volume. The extent of NW entrapment was not sufficient to lower the viability of either cell type.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 241-252, 2016.

title: Investigation of the cytotoxicity of XXXX nanoparticles and nanowires and their localization in L929 fibroblasts and RAW264 macrophages.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Nuclear damage']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5383 :: ('MESH:D000537', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum oxide']

answer: @entity5383 :: (MESH:D000537,Chemical) :: ['aluminum oxide']


abstract: Impedance reduction with a continuous infusion of @entity2514 was evaluated in 20 @entity1 following cardiopulmonary bypass. @entity1 were selected for therapy when the cardiac index (CI) was less than 2.2 L/m2/min, when the systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) was greater than 2,500 dyne sec cm-5, or when both conditions were present. No other vasoactive or cardiotonic drugs were used intraoperatively or postoperatively. Responses were measured at 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes and compared with control measurements. Significant responses appeared by 15 minutes in the mean arterial pressure, CI, and SVRI, which were maximal by 2 hours. At 4 hours, the SVRI was 1,520 +/- 276 dyne sec cm-5 (control, 3,235 +/- 222) and pulmonary vascular resistance index, 365 +/- 102 dyne sec cm-5 (control, 592 +/- 71). The CI was 3.20 +/- 0.29 L/m2/min (control, 1.96 +/- 0.16) and mean arterial pressure, 75 +/- 2.3 mm Hg (control, 92 +/- 2.4). Left @entity358 diastolic, and right atrial pressures increased from control but not significantly: 11.4 +/- 0.8 to 13.3 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, 13.6 +/- 1.6 to 17.2 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, and 6 +/- 1.6 to 9.4 +/- 1.7 mm Hg, respectively. In 16 @entity1 , @entity2514 was continued for 24 hours and in 11, the transition to oral therapy was made. @entity2514 by infusion effectively reduces after load, avoids the fluctuations of bolus therapy, and allows the transition to oral therapy if needed.

title: Continuous XXXX infusion for afterload reduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydralazine', 'hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['atrial, pulmonary artery']

answer: @entity2514 :: (MESH:D006830,Chemical) :: ['hydralazine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to determine liver, pancreas, kidney, and vertebral fat deposition in @entity1561 @entity1 by proton density fat fraction (PDFF) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate the relationships among them. METHODS: A total of 41 biopsy-proven @entity1561 @entity1 underwent MRI-PDFF with IDEAL-IQ. MRI protocol included T1-independent volumetric multi-echo gradient-echo imaging with T2* correction and spectral fat modeling. The MR examinations were performed on a 1.5 HDx MRI system. MRI-PDFF measurements were obtained from liver, @entity8 . Liver biopsy specimens were retrieved from the archives and evaluated by one pathologist according to NASH CRN. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 47  years. The median interval between liver biopsy and MRI examination was 16  days. Mean liver, @entity8 , T12 and L1 vertebral body MRI-PDFFs were 18.7%, 5.7%, 1.7%, 51%, 43.2%, and 43.5%, respectively. No correlation between either liver MRI-PDFF or histological steatosis, and other organ MRI-PDFFs was observed. A good correlation between @entity788 was observed. @entity6 @entity1 had higher average pancreas MRI-PDFF compared to non- @entity6 (12.2%, vs., 4.8%; P  =  0.028). CONCLUSIONS: Pancreas and vertebral body MRI-PDFF is well correlated in @entity1561 @entity1 and both of them are higher in @entity6 @entity1 which may explain @entity174 in @entity6 . MRI-PDFF can be used to demonstrate fat fractions of different organs and tissues and to understand fat metabolism.

title: Quantification of liver, pancreas, kidney, and vertebral body MRI-PDFF in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas, renal cortex, renal sinus', 'pancreas, renal cortex and sinus, and vertebral body']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas and vertebral body MRI-PDFFs, and pancreas and renal sinus MRI-PDFFs']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['increased bone fractures']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ) can show variant histological patterns in the gastrointestinal system. We present a case of an 11-year-old @entity1 who has been followed up with a diagnosis of @entity6078 since he was 6   months old. He presented with @entity490 and @entity294 . Colonoscopic biopsy showed crypt destructive @entity1960 , severe decrease and focal absence of plasma cells. Three months later he suffered from @entity490 . Macroscopic examination of small intestinal resection material revealed multiple perforation areas, @entity1066 . Histopathology showed mild-moderate @entity3457 with @entity7809 , @entity298 , decrease in plasma cells and loss of primary follicles in lymph nodes. Histopathological findings were consistent with @entity29 ( @entity29 )-like @entity6078 . Although in 6-10% of @entity1 with @entity6078 an @entity29 -like presentation is observed, this highly aggressive form is rarely seen. We present this case because of its extraordinary presentation displaying perforating @entity3457 .

title: Inflammatory bowel disease-like colitis pathology in a XXXX with common variable immune deficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['purulent peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['Common variable immunodeficiency', 'CVID']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain, vomiting and bloody diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active enteritis', 'active enteropathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Three cases of peritoneal @entity9007 are reported with guidelines for the diagnosis of this type of complication. The authors point out the value of the following signs: 1--increase of ventricular pressure with worsening of the clinical picture; 2--localized @entity158 in the abdomen; 3--difficulty to depress the capsule; 4--occurrence of subcutaneous collection of @entity2841 around the pathway of the catheter. In some occasions it is possible to palpate the mass of the pseudocyst. The presence of subcutaneous collection of @entity2841 around the pathway of the catheter is an important warning sign of peritoneal pseudocyst and must be differentiated from that originated by the disconnection between the capsule and the catheter. In this condition however, the accumulation of liquid begins in the cervical region. Also in this case the capsule @entity308 easily. The most precise diagnosis is achieved by X-Ray. The authors describe a method that consists in introducing a needle through the capsule and injecting 8cc of Dimer-X contrast. The catheter and the cavity of pseudo-cyst appear contrasted in the X-Ray film, establishing the definitive diagnosis. The authors discuss the physiopathology of @entity2841 accumulation; once the pseudocyst is formed, the intracranial pressure increases, and the fontanelle bulges, this leads to repeated pumping by the relatives and subsequent rising of pressure within the pseudo-cyst. At this point the @entity1 refers @entity158 at the location of the pseudo-cyst and the @entity2841 tends to lead around catheter. In babies the @entity490 leads to crying, thus increasing once more the intra-cystic pressure which favors the leakage of @entity2841 from the pseudo-cyst around the catheter.

title: [Peritoneal XXXX as a complication of cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Report of 3 cases and contribution for diagnosis].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depresses']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pseudocysts']


abstract: Young ducklings were inoculated intravenously (IV) twice with either @entity1573 or @entity742 red blood cells (CRBC, SRBC). Breeder @entity4186 were inoculated IV twice with an increased dose of CRBC. Sera of these actively immunized @entity4186 and sera of day-old ducklings from the CRBC-inoculated breeder @entity4186 were tested for @entity11230 in direct-hemagglutination ( @entity4601 ) tests. The young ducklings and the breeders responded with very low @entity4601 titers to CRBC and SRBC. Although ducklings inoculated with CRBC developed a true secondary response to a second CRBC inoculation, ducklings inoculated with SRBC failed to develop elevated titers after a second of SRBC inoculation. Half the breeders failed to develop higher titers to a second CRBC inoculation. Sera from the majority of day-old ducklings hatched from eggs laid after one inoculation of the breeders had no or only minimal @entity4601 activity. Sera of ducklings hatched from eggs laid after the second inoculation had somewhat higher @entity4601 titers, and in greater proportion. Still, many of those duckling sera had no or minimal @entity4601 titers. Results with Sephadex G-200 fractions indicated that hemagglutinins after one inoculation resided primarily in @entity4186 immunoglobulin M (DIgM). Sera of @entity4186 inoculated twice with CRBC had hemagglutinating activity in DIgG, too. Hemagglutinating activity was demonstrated in both @entity6514 -sensitive (DIgM) and -resistant (DIgG) antibodies. The conspicuously low titers in all @entity4601 -positive sera agree with results of previous studies, suggesting that DIg's are deficient in immunological reactions requiring functional bivalency.

title: Immune response of the XXXX to particulate (red blood cell) antigens.

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity11230 :: ('MESH:D006388', 'Chemical') :: ['hemagglutinins']

answer: @entity4186 :: (8839,Species) :: ['duck']


abstract: Over a two-year period, 44 @entity1 had an eosinophil count above the 97th centile. Thirteen of these 44 had @entity299 presenting within six months of the onset of symptoms. Microfilariasis was the most likely cause of the raised total eosinophil in these 13 @entity1 . In all, the raised eosinophil count we returned to normal by the use of @entity6566 (Banocide). Eleven of the 13 were followed up and eight of them (73%) developed clinical features of @entity299 and @entity997 . The mean duration of follow-up was two years. Limited cardiac catheterisation studies in six of the @entity1 showed evidence of constriction or of @entity997 . The clinical features of these eight @entity1 were indistinguishable from those found in chronic @entity18032 . This disease was further suggested by recurrent @entity999 in one, and a large pericardial effusion in another; and it was also present in the one @entity1 to come to necropsy. Thus, microfilaria-induced @entity1712 , when high, is frequently associated with @entity299 which appears to be chronic @entity18032 many months after the @entity1712 has returned to normal.

title: Relation of severe @entity1712 and microfilariasis to chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac constriction', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity18032 :: ('MESH:D004719', 'Disease') :: ['endomyocardial fibrosis']

answer: @entity18032 :: (MESH:D004719,Disease) :: ['African endomyocardial fibrosis']


abstract: Over a two-year period, 44 @entity1 had an eosinophil count above the 97th centile. Thirteen of these 44 had @entity299 presenting within six months of the onset of symptoms. Microfilariasis was the most likely cause of the raised total eosinophil in these 13 @entity1 . In all, the raised eosinophil count we returned to normal by the use of @entity6566 (Banocide). Eleven of the 13 were followed up and eight of them (73%) developed clinical features of @entity299 and @entity997 . The mean duration of follow-up was two years. Limited cardiac catheterisation studies in six of the @entity1 showed evidence of constriction or of @entity997 . The clinical features of these eight @entity1 were indistinguishable from those found in chronic @entity18032 . This disease was further suggested by recurrent @entity999 in one, and a large pericardial effusion in another; and it was also present in the one @entity1 to come to necropsy. Thus, microfilaria-induced @entity1712 , when high, is frequently associated with @entity299 which appears to be chronic @entity18032 many months after the @entity1712 has returned to normal.

title: Relation of severe XXXX and microfilariasis to chronic @entity18032 .

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The management for the obstructive left sided @entity14 is still controversial. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study was performed on 249 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgical intervention for left sided @entity14 in our hospital. Among 36 @entity1 who had @entity694 , 25 @entity1 received @entity5 resection while the rest of the @entity1 received palliative stoma creation. Clinical characteristics and outcome following @entity5 resection was compared between @entity1 with and without @entity694 . RESULTS: Prior to @entity5 resection, all @entity1 received colonic decompression. Flowingly, 20 @entity1 received staged surgeries and five @entity1 underwent one stage surgery, with three of the latter requiring reoperation due to @entity834 . The five-year overall survival rate for @entity1 following @entity5 resection was 75.5 % and 69.1 % for those with and without @entity694 respectively. Log-rank test showed no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups (p = 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: Onestage surgery for @entity1 with obstructive @entity14 in our hospital was associated with frequent @entity834 . @entity694 itself may not be a poor prognostic factor when decompression preceded surgical resection.

title: Staged surgery after colonic decompression may be safer for the treatment of obstructive left-sided XXXX in a non-specialized hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic obstruction', 'colonic obstruction']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Recruitment of innate immune effector cells into sites of @entity281 is a critical component of resistance to pathogen @entity281 . Using a model of intradermal footpad injection of @entity5132 , we observed that @entity32 as measured by footpad thickness and neutrophil recruitment occurred independent of adoptive immunity but was significantly reduced in MyD88(-/-) and @entity777 (-/-) @entity19 . Unexpectedly, huLangerin-DTA @entity19 (  LC) that lack Langerhans cells (LC) developed @entity32 and expressed higher amounts of @entity777 , suggesting a suppressive role for LC. Increased @entity32 also occurred in @entity5350 (-/-)   LC @entity19 but was reversed by Ab-mediated ablation of NK cells. @entity71544 (+) @entity71545 (+) NK cells are a liver-resident subset that can mediate inflammatory skin responses. We found that exaggerated @entity32 was absent in   LC * @entity71544 (-/-) @entity19 . Moreover, the exaggerated response in   LC @entity19 could be adoptively transferred with liver @entity71545 (+) NK cells. Finally, @entity71545 (+) NK cells in   LC but not control @entity19 were recruited to the skin, and inhibition of their recruitment prevented the exaggerated response. Thus, in the absence of LC, @entity71545 (+) liver NK cells display an inappropriately proinflammatory phenotype that results in @entity32 . These data reveal a novel function for LC in the regulation of this recently described subset of skin tropic NK cells.

title: Langerhans Cells Suppress XXXX + NK Cell-Mediated @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['increased skin inflammation', 'inflammation', 'increased local skin inflammation', 'skin inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity71545 :: (109700(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD49a']


abstract: Recruitment of innate immune effector cells into sites of @entity281 is a critical component of resistance to pathogen @entity281 . Using a model of intradermal footpad injection of @entity5132 , we observed that @entity32 as measured by footpad thickness and neutrophil recruitment occurred independent of adoptive immunity but was significantly reduced in MyD88(-/-) and @entity777 (-/-) @entity19 . Unexpectedly, huLangerin-DTA @entity19 (  LC) that lack Langerhans cells (LC) developed @entity32 and expressed higher amounts of @entity777 , suggesting a suppressive role for LC. Increased @entity32 also occurred in @entity5350 (-/-)   LC @entity19 but was reversed by Ab-mediated ablation of NK cells. @entity71544 (+) @entity71545 (+) NK cells are a liver-resident subset that can mediate inflammatory skin responses. We found that exaggerated @entity32 was absent in   LC * @entity71544 (-/-) @entity19 . Moreover, the exaggerated response in   LC @entity19 could be adoptively transferred with liver @entity71545 (+) NK cells. Finally, @entity71545 (+) NK cells in   LC but not control @entity19 were recruited to the skin, and inhibition of their recruitment prevented the exaggerated response. Thus, in the absence of LC, @entity71545 (+) liver NK cells display an inappropriately proinflammatory phenotype that results in @entity32 . These data reveal a novel function for LC in the regulation of this recently described subset of skin tropic NK cells.

title: Langerhans Cells Suppress @entity71545 + NK Cell-Mediated XXXX .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Skin Inflammation']


abstract: During embryonic development, oral ectoderm differentiates into the adenohypophysis, dental epithelia, salivary glands, and nasal pit. Few reports exist concerning the induction of oral ectoderm from embryonic stem (ES) cells. Generally, any lot differences in @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) and serum replacer may affect the induction of ES cell-differentiation. Using a previously established culture strategy for differentiation, the proportion of cell aggregates containing @entity36035 + oral ectoderm varied widely between 9-36% when several different lots of @entity2241 or serum replacer were used. We therefore tried to enhance the differentiation method. We found that @entity7739 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) treatments improved oral ectoderm induction. Such treatment also improved the differentiation of oral ectoderm into the adenohypophysis. Furthermore, increased @entity7739 treatment induced dental epithelium and mesenchyme. Such differentiation suggests that the @entity36035 + layer displays similar properties to oral ectoderm, as found in vivo. Differentiation of ES cells into oral ectoderm using different lots of @entity2241 and serum replacer increased 78-90% after treatment with @entity7739 and FGF. In summary, we have established a robust strategy for the induction of oral ectoderm differentiation from @entity19 ES cells.

title: XXXX and FGF strongly induce differentiation of @entity19 ES cells into oral ectoderm.

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fetal bovine serum']

entities_list: @entity7739 :: ('12159(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4', 'BMP4']

answer: @entity7739 :: (12159(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['BMP4']


abstract: During embryonic development, oral ectoderm differentiates into the adenohypophysis, dental epithelia, salivary glands, and nasal pit. Few reports exist concerning the induction of oral ectoderm from embryonic stem (ES) cells. Generally, any lot differences in @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) and serum replacer may affect the induction of ES cell-differentiation. Using a previously established culture strategy for differentiation, the proportion of cell aggregates containing @entity36035 + oral ectoderm varied widely between 9-36% when several different lots of @entity2241 or serum replacer were used. We therefore tried to enhance the differentiation method. We found that @entity7739 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) treatments improved oral ectoderm induction. Such treatment also improved the differentiation of oral ectoderm into the adenohypophysis. Furthermore, increased @entity7739 treatment induced dental epithelium and mesenchyme. Such differentiation suggests that the @entity36035 + layer displays similar properties to oral ectoderm, as found in vivo. Differentiation of ES cells into oral ectoderm using different lots of @entity2241 and serum replacer increased 78-90% after treatment with @entity7739 and FGF. In summary, we have established a robust strategy for the induction of oral ectoderm differentiation from @entity19 ES cells.

title: @entity7739 and FGF strongly induce differentiation of XXXX ES cells into oral ectoderm.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Leishmania is a digenetic protozoan parasite causing @entity232 in @entity1 . The different clinical forms of @entity232 are caused by more than twenty species of Leishmania that are transmitted by nearly thirty species of phlebotomine sand flies. Pentavalent antimonials (such as Pentostam or Glucantime) are the first line drugs for treating @entity232 . Recent studies suggest that pentavalent antimony (Sb(V)) acts as a pro-drug, which is converted to the more active trivalent form (Sb(III)). However, sensitivity to trivalent antimony varies among different @entity15669 . In general, @entity15669 causing @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) are more sensitive to Sb(III) than the species responsible for @entity234 ( @entity234 ). Leishmania aquaglyceroporin ( @entity3261 ) facilitates the adventitious passage of antimonite down a concentration gradient. In this study, we show that @entity15669 causing @entity4536 accumulate more antimonite, and therefore exhibit higher sensitivity to antimonials, than the species responsible for @entity234 . This species-specific differential sensitivity to antimonite is directly proportional to the expression levels of @entity3261 mRNA. We show that the stability of @entity3261 mRNA in different @entity15669 is regulated by their respective 3'-untranslated regions. The differential regulation of @entity3261 mRNA explains the distinct antimonial sensitivity of each species.

title: Species-specific antimonial sensitivity in Leishmania is driven by post-transcriptional regulation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15669 :: ('MESH:C564159', 'Disease') :: ['Leishmania species']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'CL']

answer: @entity3261 :: (358,Gene) :: ['AQP1']


abstract: 1. Up to 200 protein staining spots could be detected on two-dimensional electrophoresis of urine from healthy @entity1 . Other minor spots were occasionally present. 2. Although the electropherograms exhibited constant characteristic features some variation in protein pattern was observed between individuals and with a given individual at different times. 3. Two additional proteins, spots C and D, were consistently present in urine from @entity1 with @entity1555 . Spot C was also present in the urine of about 60% of obligatory carriers of this @entity3986 . 4. The protein responsible for spot C had a molecular weight of 26000 and an isoelectric point of 5.3. 5. Spot C was also detected in the urine of @entity1 with other neuromuscular conditions. Neither spot C nor spot D could be detected in the urine of @entity1 with physical disabilities other than those of neuromuscular origin. 6. It is concluded that the urinary excretion of spot C, and probably of spot D, is a consequence of @entity121 and that their detection has potential as a diagnostic tool.

title: Proteins in the urine associated with XXXX and other neuromuscular diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']