abstract: Individual-based models provide powerful tools to model complex interactions characterized by individual variability. This paper presents an object-oriented design for individual-based modelling of @entity3964 @entity311 transmission. Two kinds of objects, @entity1 and mosquito, that exhibit variability among individuals for parameters such as recovery and survival rates are defined. The model tracks the dynamics of @entity1 hosts and adult female mosquitoes individually. Immunity, modelled as a function of exposure history, is represented by reduced susceptibility and increased recovery rate. The model was calibrated using epidemiological data collected at 30 sites along the coast of Kenya. The sites were grouped into low, intermediate and high transmission based on mean daily @entity1 -biting rates. Simulation results show that @entity311 transmission was stable even in low transmission areas where the @entity1 -biting rate is approximately 0.5 bite per day. The model was used to examine the effect of infection control programmes that aim at interrupting transmission by reducing @entity1 -vector contact rates and implementing active case detection and drug treatment of @entity281 . With this intervention, local elimination of @entity311 is likely with a probability of extinction of approximately 0.8 in low transmission areas. However, a small amount of immigration (> 0.3%) by infected @entity1 into the community could prevent local extinction of the parasite. In intermediate and high transmission areas, reduction in prevalence is short-lived and the probability of local elimination is low, even at high coverage levels of the intervention.

title: An individual-based model of @entity3964 XXXX transmission on the coast of Kenya.

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: Currently, micro-indentation testing of soft biological materials is limited in its capability to test over long time scales due to accumulated instrumental drift errors. As a result, there is a paucity of measures for mechanical properties such as the equilibrium modulus. In this study, indentation combined with optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used for mechanical testing of thin tissue slices. OCT was used to measure the surface deformation profiles after placing spherical beads onto submerged test samples. Agarose-based hydrogels at low-concentrations (w/v, 0.3-0.6%) and acute @entity35 brain tissue slices were tested using this technique over a 30-min time window. To establish that tissue slices maintained cell viability, allowable testing times were determined by measuring @entity528 or degeneration as a function of incubation time with @entity2195 ( @entity2195 ) staining. Since large deformations at equilibrium were measured, displacements of surface beads were compared with finite element elastic contact simulations to predict the equilibrium modulus,  (   ) . Values of  (   ) for the low-concentration hydrogels ranged from 0.07 to 1.8 kPa, and  (   ) for acute @entity35 brain tissue slices was 0.13    0.04 kPa for the cortex and 0.09    0.015 kPa for the hippocampus (for Poisson ratio = 0.35). This indentation technique offers a localized, real-time, and high resolution method for long-time scale mechanical testing of very soft materials. This test method may also be adapted for viscoelasticity, for testing of different tissues and biomaterials, and for analyzing changes in internal structures with loading.

title: Optically based-indentation technique for acute XXXX brain tissue slices and thin biomaterials.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1082 ) vaccines are widely available and there have been studies exploring their potential clinical impact and cost-effectiveness. However, few studies have compared the cost-effectiveness among the 2 main vaccines available - a bivalent vaccine against @entity1799 /18, and a quadrivalent vaccine against 6/11/16/18. We explore the cost-effectiveness of these two HPV vaccines in tropical Singapore. METHODS: We developed a Markov state-transition model to represent the natural history of cervical @entity5 to predict @entity1083 , @entity5 incidence, mortality, and costs. Cytologic screening and treatment of different outcomes of @entity1083 were incorporated. Vaccination was provided to a cohort of 12-year old females in Singapore, followed up until death. Based on available vaccines on the market, the bivalent vaccine had increased effectiveness against a wider range of HPV types, while the quadrivalent vaccine had effectiveness against @entity3502 . Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) compared vaccination to no-vaccination, and between the two vaccines. Sensitivity analyses explored differences in vaccine effectiveness and uptake, and other key input parameters. RESULTS: For the no vaccination scenario, 229 cervical @entity5 cases occurred over the cohort's lifetime. The total discounted cost per individual due to @entity1083 was @entity6166 275 with 28.54 discounted life-years. With 100% vaccine coverage, the quadrivalent vaccine reduced @entity5 by 176, and had an ICER of @entity6166 12,866 per life-year saved. For the bivalent vaccine, 197 @entity5 were prevented with an ICER of  12,827 per life-year saved. Comparing the bivalent to the quadrivalent vaccine, the ICER was  12,488 per life-year saved. However, the cost per QALY saved for the quadrivalent vaccine compared to no vaccine was  9,071, while it was  10,392 for the bivalent vaccine, with the quadrivalent vaccine dominating the bivalent vaccine due to the additional QALY effect from @entity3502 . The overall outcomes were most sensitive to vaccine cost and coverage. CONCLUSION: HPV vaccination is a cost-effective strategy, and should be considered a possible strategy to reduce the impact of @entity1083 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of different XXXX vaccines in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity3502 :: ('MESH:D003218', 'Disease') :: ['genital warts', 'reduction in genital warts']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In a previous study, we observed that associations between @entity2204 @entity23066 and metabolic traits were moderated by chronic stress. Thus, in a population of stressed and non-stressed Danish @entity1 , we examined whether associations between @entity2204 @entity23066 and a panel of metabolic quantitative traits, all metabolic traits which may lead to T2D and CVD were moderated by @entity1642 . METHODS: Obese young @entity1 (n = 475, BMI >=  31.0 kg/m(2)) and a randomly selected control group (n = 709) identified from a population of 141,800 @entity1 were re-examined in two surveys (S-46: mean age 46, S-49: mean age 49 years) where anthropometric and biochemical measures were available. Psychological stress factors were assessed by a self-administered 7-item questionnaire. Each item had the possible response categories "yes" and "no" and assessed familial problems and conflicts. Summing positive responses constituted a stress item score, which was then dichotomized into stressed and non-stressed. Logistic regression analysis, applying a recessive genetic model, was used to assess odds ratios (OR) of the associations between @entity2204 @entity23066 genotypes and adverse levels of metabolic traits. RESULTS: The @entity2204 @entity23066 TT-genotype associated positively with BMI (OR = 1.09 [1.01; 1.17]), waist circumference (OR = 1.09 [1.02; 1.17]) in stressed @entity1 at S-46. Positive associations were observed for fasting plasma @entity413 (OR = 1.42 [1.07; 1.87]), serum @entity1674 (OR = 1.41 [1.05; 1.91]) and with fasting plasma insulin (OR = 1.48 [1.05; 2.08]) in stressed @entity1 at S-49. @entity72687 TT-genotype also associated positively with surrogate measures of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; OR = 1.21 [1.03; 1.41]) and inversely with insulin sensitivity (Stumvoll index; OR = 0.90 [0.82; 0.99], BIGTT-S(I); OR = 0.60 [0.43; 0.85]) in stressed @entity1 . No significant associations were observed in non-stressed @entity1 , albeit the estimates showed similar but weaker trends as in stressed @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the @entity2204 @entity23066 TT-genotype is associated with an adverse metabolic profile in a population of psychologically stressed Danish @entity1 .

title: Associations between XXXX variants and metabolic traits and the impact of @entity1642 .

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['APOE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In a previous study, we observed that associations between @entity2204 @entity23066 and metabolic traits were moderated by chronic stress. Thus, in a population of stressed and non-stressed Danish @entity1 , we examined whether associations between @entity2204 @entity23066 and a panel of metabolic quantitative traits, all metabolic traits which may lead to T2D and CVD were moderated by @entity1642 . METHODS: Obese young @entity1 (n = 475, BMI >=  31.0 kg/m(2)) and a randomly selected control group (n = 709) identified from a population of 141,800 @entity1 were re-examined in two surveys (S-46: mean age 46, S-49: mean age 49 years) where anthropometric and biochemical measures were available. Psychological stress factors were assessed by a self-administered 7-item questionnaire. Each item had the possible response categories "yes" and "no" and assessed familial problems and conflicts. Summing positive responses constituted a stress item score, which was then dichotomized into stressed and non-stressed. Logistic regression analysis, applying a recessive genetic model, was used to assess odds ratios (OR) of the associations between @entity2204 @entity23066 genotypes and adverse levels of metabolic traits. RESULTS: The @entity2204 @entity23066 TT-genotype associated positively with BMI (OR = 1.09 [1.01; 1.17]), waist circumference (OR = 1.09 [1.02; 1.17]) in stressed @entity1 at S-46. Positive associations were observed for fasting plasma @entity413 (OR = 1.42 [1.07; 1.87]), serum @entity1674 (OR = 1.41 [1.05; 1.91]) and with fasting plasma insulin (OR = 1.48 [1.05; 2.08]) in stressed @entity1 at S-49. @entity72687 TT-genotype also associated positively with surrogate measures of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; OR = 1.21 [1.03; 1.41]) and inversely with insulin sensitivity (Stumvoll index; OR = 0.90 [0.82; 0.99], BIGTT-S(I); OR = 0.60 [0.43; 0.85]) in stressed @entity1 . No significant associations were observed in non-stressed @entity1 , albeit the estimates showed similar but weaker trends as in stressed @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the @entity2204 @entity23066 TT-genotype is associated with an adverse metabolic profile in a population of psychologically stressed Danish @entity1 .

title: Associations between @entity2204 variants and metabolic traits and the impact of XXXX .

answer: @entity1642 :: (MESH:D015775,Disease) :: ['psychological stress']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the 30 days outcome measured in terms of morbidity and mortality in cases of @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) with @entity358 resistance (PVR) managed with double flap patch closure. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC/NIHD), Rawalpindi, from December 2005 to December 2008. METHODOLOGY: Forty @entity1 with @entity1757 having PVR 9.58 + 4.33 wood units underwent double flap patch closure. The patch was fenestrated as one half of the expected aortic annulus diameter. A separate flap patch 5 mm larger than fenestration was attached to superior upper one third margins of fenestration. The patch was placed with flap to open towards the left ventricular apex. Modified ultra filtration (MUF) was employed in every case and @entity7855 was given postoperatively. RESULTS: The age of @entity1 ranged from 1 to 28 years with a mean of 6.66 + 5.70 years. There were 22 males and 18 females. All @entity1 were weaned off from inotropic and ventilatory support as earlier as possible postoperatively with intensive care unit (ICU) stay of 77.15 + 54.56 hours. @entity891 were reduced to 42.63 + 10.86 mmHg as compared to pre-operative pulmonary artery pressures of 88.3 + 15.2 mmHg. Postoperatively 11 @entity1 with @entity551 and desaturation went into @entity120 in which immediate 2D echo evidenced the functioning flap valve with right to left shunt. There was only one death (early) out of 40 @entity1 with an overall mortality of 2.5% along with limited morbidity. CONCLUSION: Double flap patch is an inexpensive, easy to construct technique with low morbidity and mortality in cases of @entity1757 with raised PVR.

title: Double flap patch closure of XXXX with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance: an experience at AFIC/NIHD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertensive crisis']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pulmonary artery pressures']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['increased pulmonary vascular']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['suprasystemic pulmonary artery pressures']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['VSD']


abstract: A major goal of @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) management is achieving urinary continence, most commonly with surgical bladder neck reconstruction (BNR). This is a report of outcome of BNR after complete primary repair of exstrophy (CPRE). At our institution, @entity1 history, ultrasound, cystogram (VCUG) and urodynamic study (UDS) were performed during a prospective evaluation of @entity1 with @entity1494 . Dry interval of >3 hours was used as the definition of continence and dry interval <1-hour @entity322 . Bladder capacity was measured at VCUG and/or UDS. UDS was also used to assess bladder compliance. From 1994 to 2010, we cared for 47 @entity1494 @entity1 (31 male, 15 female) after CPRE. For @entity1 >= 3 years after CPRE, BNR was performed in 9 of 22 (41%) male and 3 of 11 (27%) female @entity1 . Mean age at BNR was 6.3 and 5.9 years for male and female @entity1 , respectively. The mean (  SD) bladder capacity pre-BNR was 104.8 (  20.4 mL). There was a significant increase in capacity from pre-BNR to >= 1.5 years post-BNR (P = 0.013) and from <1.5 and >= 1.5 years post-BNR (P = 0.002). In conclusion, most @entity1 with @entity1494 require BNR after CPRE. The need for BNR is more common in male @entity1 .

title: The use of bladder neck reconstruction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy', 'BE']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder exstrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A high efficiency solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with porous @entity505 nanotubes- @entity3440 (CNTs- @entity3758 ) nanohybrids was synthesized and applied for the determination of some @entity5139 pesticides (OPPs) in vegetables, fruits and water samples. Gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry was used as the detection system. @entity413 , as a biocompatible compound, was used for connecting CNT and @entity3758 during a hydrothermal process. The electrospinning technique was also applied for the fiber preparation. The parameters affecting the efficiency of extraction, including stirring rate, salt effect, extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption temperature and desorption time, were investigated and optimized. The developed CNTs@ @entity3758 fiber presented better extraction efficiency than the commercial SPME fibers (PA, @entity16549 , and @entity16549 -DVB). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were found to be lower than 6.2 and 9.0%, respectively. For water samples, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.005-0.020 gL(-1) and the limits of quantification were between 0.010 and 0.050 gL(-1). The results showed a good linearity in the range of 0.01-3.0 gL(-1) for the analytes. The spiking recoveries ranged from 79 (  9) to 99 (  8). The method was successfully applied for the determination of OPPs in real samples.

title: XXXX nanotubes@ @entity3440 nanohybrids coating for solid-phase microextraction of @entity5139 pesticides followed by gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometric detection.

entities_list: @entity3440 :: ('MESH:D012822', 'Chemical') :: ['silicon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphorus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A high efficiency solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with porous @entity505 nanotubes- @entity3440 (CNTs- @entity3758 ) nanohybrids was synthesized and applied for the determination of some @entity5139 pesticides (OPPs) in vegetables, fruits and water samples. Gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry was used as the detection system. @entity413 , as a biocompatible compound, was used for connecting CNT and @entity3758 during a hydrothermal process. The electrospinning technique was also applied for the fiber preparation. The parameters affecting the efficiency of extraction, including stirring rate, salt effect, extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption temperature and desorption time, were investigated and optimized. The developed CNTs@ @entity3758 fiber presented better extraction efficiency than the commercial SPME fibers (PA, @entity16549 , and @entity16549 -DVB). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were found to be lower than 6.2 and 9.0%, respectively. For water samples, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.005-0.020 gL(-1) and the limits of quantification were between 0.010 and 0.050 gL(-1). The results showed a good linearity in the range of 0.01-3.0 gL(-1) for the analytes. The spiking recoveries ranged from 79 (  9) to 99 (  8). The method was successfully applied for the determination of OPPs in real samples.

title: @entity505 nanotubes@ XXXX nanohybrids coating for solid-phase microextraction of @entity5139 pesticides followed by gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometric detection.

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silicon dioxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A high efficiency solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with porous @entity505 nanotubes- @entity3440 (CNTs- @entity3758 ) nanohybrids was synthesized and applied for the determination of some @entity5139 pesticides (OPPs) in vegetables, fruits and water samples. Gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry was used as the detection system. @entity413 , as a biocompatible compound, was used for connecting CNT and @entity3758 during a hydrothermal process. The electrospinning technique was also applied for the fiber preparation. The parameters affecting the efficiency of extraction, including stirring rate, salt effect, extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption temperature and desorption time, were investigated and optimized. The developed CNTs@ @entity3758 fiber presented better extraction efficiency than the commercial SPME fibers (PA, @entity16549 , and @entity16549 -DVB). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were found to be lower than 6.2 and 9.0%, respectively. For water samples, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.005-0.020 gL(-1) and the limits of quantification were between 0.010 and 0.050 gL(-1). The results showed a good linearity in the range of 0.01-3.0 gL(-1) for the analytes. The spiking recoveries ranged from 79 (  9) to 99 (  8). The method was successfully applied for the determination of OPPs in real samples.

title: @entity505 nanotubes@ @entity3440 nanohybrids coating for solid-phase microextraction of XXXX pesticides followed by gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometric detection.

answer: @entity5139 :: (D010755,Chemical) :: ['organophosphorus']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: Can a two-dose @entity1499 treatment protocol improve the treatment success rate compared with a single-dose protocol in @entity1 with an ectopic pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER: The two-dose protocol was not superior to the single-dose protocol for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Although the two-dose @entity1499 protocol for ectopic pregnancy was recently introduced to combine the efficacy and convenience of the fixed multi-dose and single-dose protocols, studies comparing the success rates, treatment satisfaction and acceptability of the single-dose and two-dose treatment protocols for ectopic pregnancy are currently lacking. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A randomized trial was conducted on 92 @entity1 with @entity7207 , between May 2013 and April 2015. @entity1 /MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity7207 and who elected to undergo systemic @entity1499 treatment were randomly assigned to follow either the single-dose (n = 46) or two-dose protocol (n = 46). The primary outcome measure was treatment success without surgical intervention. The secondary outcome measures were the incidence of @entity1499 -associated side effects, b- @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin (b-hCG) resolution time, cost of care received and treatment satisfaction. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. The success rates between the single-dose and two-dose groups did not show a significant difference [82.6 versus 87.0%; relative risk (RR) 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80-1.13]. However, the success rate in a subgroup of @entity1 with a pretreatment b-hCG level of >5000 mIU/ml appeared to be higher in the two-dose group than in the single-dose group (80.0 versus 58.8%), although the difference was not statistically significant. No significant differences in @entity1499 -associated side effects, cost or treatment satisfaction were observed between the groups. The two-dose group required a lower number of days for the b-hCG level to decrease to <5 mIU/ml than the single-dose group (25.7    13.6 versus 31.9    14.1 days; P = 0.025). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Some caution is warranted in interpreting the results due to an overoptimistic sample size calculation on the basis of the biggest difference as reported in literature between the success rates of two protocols. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The single-dose protocol with the option to elaborate to a second dose in the case of treatment failure could stand as the treatment for most cases of ectopic pregnancy. STUDY FUNDING/COMPLETING OF INTERESTS: None. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: www.clinicaltrials.gov, no. NCT01855568. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE: 10 May 2013. DATE OF FIRST @entity1 'S ENROLMENT: 26 May 2013.

title: Single-dose versus two-dose administration of XXXX for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANT', 'women', 'Patients', 'human', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity7207 :: ('MESH:D011274', 'Disease') :: ['tubal ectopic pregnancy']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This population-based study assessed the impact of chemotherapy on general and disease-specific health status of resected @entity694 survivors up to 10 years post-diagnosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: Colon @entity5 survivors diagnosed between 1998 and 2007 were selected from the Eindhoven Cancer Registry. Survivors completed the SF-36 and the EORTC colorectal module (EORTC-QLQ-CR38). Comparisons to a normative population were conducted. Multiple linear regression analyses investigated the association between treatment and health status. RESULTS: Eight hundred and forty eight survivors were evaluated: 29% had chemotherapy (CT); 71% without chemotherapy (nCT). Survivors had similar SF-36 scores and scored better than the normative population on several domains. On the EORTC-QLQ-CR38, male nCT survivors had more sexual problems than CT survivors (p=0.01). Among the sexually active respondents, the survivors reported sex to be less enjoyable than the normative population (p=0.02). In multivariate analyses, CT predicted better physical function, and less male @entity250 and @entity353 problems than nCT. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, CT survivors have general health status scores comparable to nCT survivors and the normative population up to 10 years since initial diagnosis. Sex-related problems among survivors suggest more attention on this often sensitive issue is required in clinical management.

title: Impact of chemotherapy on health status and symptom burden of XXXX survivors: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is 1.5 times more frequent in @entity1 than @entity1 . Whether age modifies this ratio is unclear. We examined whether male-to-female (M-F) ratios change with age through a French nationwide prevalence/incidence study (2010) and a meta-analysis of incidence studies. METHODS: We used French national drug claims databases to identify @entity191 cases using a validated algorithm. We computed M-F prevalence/incidence ratios overall and by age using Poisson regression. Ratios were regressed on age to estimate their annual change. We identified all @entity191 incidence studies with age/sex-specific data, and performed a meta-analysis of M-F ratios. RESULTS: On the basis of 149 672 prevalent (50% @entity1 ) and 25 438 incident (49% @entity1 ) cases, age-standardised rates were higher in @entity1 (prevalence=2.865/1000; incidence=0.490/1000 @entity1 -years) than @entity1 (prevalence=1.934/1000; incidence=0.328/1000 @entity1 -years). The overall M-F ratio was 1.48 for prevalence and 1.49 for incidence. Prevalence and incidence M-F ratios increased by 0.05 and 0.14, respectively, per 10 years of age. Incidence was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 under 50 years (M-F ratio <1.2, p>0.20), and over 1.6 (p<0.001) times higher in @entity1 than @entity1 above 80 years (p trend <0.001). A meta-analysis of 22 incidence studies (14 126 cases, 46% @entity1 ) confirmed that M- F ratios increased with age (0.26 per 10 years, p trend=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Age-increasing M-F ratios suggest that @entity191 aetiology changes with age. Sex-related risk/protective factors may play a different role across the continuum of age at onset. This finding may inform aetiological @entity191 research.

title: XXXX male-to-female ratios increase with age: French nationwide study and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: We present the case of a 17-year-old @entity1 suffering from progressive @entity1610 from whom 2 total hip prostheses and 2 total knee prostheses were necessary. We have to do with a recessive @entity74 characterized by a lysis of the articular cartilage. This leads to an early @entity528 . The clinic is mainly characterized by various complaints such as @entity158 , @entity2693 , limitation or swelling causing a significant @entity717 from childhood. The first joints affected are situated in the hands, later followed by the hips, elbows and knees. The X-rays show severe, multifocal @entity179 which are unusual for the age. The genetic mutation concerns the @entity44747 gene actively expressed by articular chondrocytes and located on chromosome 6. The differential diagnosis is done with a series of @entity74 in @entity1 and @entity792 . We mainly retain the @entity309 . A symptomatic medical treatment can be undertaken first. However, given the evolving nature of the pathology, a joint replacement surgery is needed once the @entity1 's growth is finished (second decade of life).

title: [Progressive XXXX . Case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['pseudorheumatoid chondrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['articular degenerative modifications']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatologic disorders', 'autosomal genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['motor disability']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the joints']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1610 :: (MESH:D010009,Disease) :: ['pseudorheumatoid chondrodysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractional resurfacing is a new laser treatment used mainly for treating photoaging and @entity2318 . OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the efficacy of @entity544 ( @entity515 ) fractional resurfacing laser treatment using high-resolution ultrasound imaging and to evaluate factors predictive of response to the treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was undertaken from January 2007 to August 2009. Laser treatment was performed using a @entity515 fractional resurfacing device. @entity1 were offered high-resolution ultrasound imaging to follow up their treatment. Dermal and subepidermal nonechogenic band (SENEB) thicknesses were measured. RESULTS: Twenty-four consecutive @entity1 were included, allowing follow-up of 107 areas. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in dermal thickness (mean variation +25.1%, (95% confidence interval=19.0-31.2). SENEB thickness was not changed. Older age and greater initial thickness were associated with a smaller increase in dermal thickness according to multivariate analysis. The region treated was also found to be a significant predictive factor. Smoking, topical anesthesia, severity of local side effects induced by the laser treatment, and phototype were not associated with significant modification of dermal thickness after laser treatment. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the use of high-resolution ultrasound imaging to assess the efficacy of fractional laser operating with standard parameters. Increase in dermal thickness was evidenced, possibly explained by collagen neosynthesis or conformational changes in the extracellular matrix component, increasing dermal hydration, although there was no modification of SENEB thickness, suggesting that the skin retains the sequelae of ageing. The treatment appeared to be more effective in younger @entity1 , probably because their fibroblasts are more prone to synthesizing collagen. Thinner skins were more effectively treated than thicker skins because they could be stimulated throughout their thickness with the treatment parameters used.

title: High-resolution ultrasound imaging to demonstrate and predict efficacy of XXXX fractional resurfacing laser treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['acne scars']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: AIMS: To compare 167 Norwegian @entity1 and nonhuman @entity526 O157:H7/NM (nonmotile) isolates with respect to an @entity2775 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the tir gene and to detect specific SNPs that differentiate STEC O157 into distinct virulence clades (1-3 and 8). METHODS AND RESULTS: We developed a multiplex PCR followed by single base sequencing for detection of the SNPs, and examined the association among SNP genotype, virulence profile (stx and eae status), multilocus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) profile and clinical outcome. We found an over-representation of the T allele among @entity1 strains compared to nonhuman strains, including 5/6 @entity2142 cases. Fourteen strains belonged to clade 8, followed by two clade 2 strains. No clade 1 nor 3 isolates were observed. @entity10952 in combination with either @entity23345 (EDL933) or @entity23345 were frequently observed among @entity1 strains, whereas @entity23345 was dominating in nonhuman strains. MLVA indicated that only single cases or small outbreaks with @entity526 O157 have been observed in Norway through the years 1993-2008. CONCLUSION: We observed that the tir @entity72688 SNP and the stx status were different between @entity1 and nonhuman O157 strains. No major outbreaks were observed, and only a few strains were differentiated into the virulence clades 2 and 8. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The detection of virulence clade-specific SNPs enables the rapid designation of virulent @entity526 O157 strains, especially in outbreak situations.

title: Detection of virulent XXXX O157 strains using multiplex PCR and single base sequencing for SNP characterization.

entities_list: @entity2775 :: ('c|SUB|A||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A/T']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic-uraemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Though routine neuroimaging is usually normal in essential @entity400 (ET) there is clinical evidence of widespread involvement of central nervous system. This study aimed at determining morphological changes in brain of @entity1 with ET using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis and also compare the subtypes of ET. METHODS: Clinical and imaging data of 20 @entity1 (5 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ; mean age 38.2    16.5 years) of ET were collected prospectively. To determine areas of gray matter (GM) @entity194 , T1W volumetric MRI data of @entity1 were compared with 17 matched control subjects using VBM analysis with Statistical Parametric Mapping 5. RESULTS: Compared to controls, @entity1 showed scattered areas of cerebral and @entity76 . Voxel-wise analysis of @entity1 with and without head @entity400 showed widespread areas of @entity194 in cerebral hemispheres of @entity1 with head @entity400 . No difference was observed between the familial and nonfamilial subgroups of ET. Multiple regression analysis revealed relationship between @entity194 and @entity400 severity score. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with ET showed widespread areas of @entity194 in both cerebellum and cerebral GM, which supports the current concept of the progressive and diffuse nature of ET. @entity1 with additional head @entity400 may represent a distinct subgroup of ET.

title: Decrease in cerebral and cerebellar gray matter in essential XXXX : a voxel-based morphometric analysis under 3T MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'GM atrophy']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar atrophy']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Due to high @entity5 risks, @entity1 carrying a @entity6069 mutation face a complex choice between @entity5344 surveillance and prophylactic surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate educational-support groups, which are offered to facilitate mutual support between @entity5345 mutation carriers and to provide adequate information. METHODS: Female @entity5345 mutation carriers were approached by a social worker after genetic test disclosure and offered participation in educational-support groups. Data regarding emotional well-being, @entity0 risk knowledge and perception, @entity5 risk management behaviour and family communication were collected both before (T1) and after group participation (T2). RESULTS: Of the 34 @entity1 , mean levels of negative mood states at T1 were significantly higher compared to those of a norm group ( @entity308 p < 0.001, anger p < 0.001, fatigue p = 0.04, tension p = 0.03) and remained high at T2. Self-perceived @entity0 risk and frequency of @entity5 thoughts were high both at T1 and T2. @entity0 risk knowledge was accurate both at T1 and T2; @entity1 either followed current surveillance advices or obtained prophylactic surgery. Communication with the family of origin was significantly reduced at T2 compared to T1 (p = 0.02). At T2, all @entity1 indicated that group participation highly met their needs of @entity5345 -related information to support their decision-making processes regarding @entity5 surveillance or prophylactic surgery. CONCLUSION: After following an educational support group female @entity5345 mutation carriers were able to make @entity5 risk management decisions but still reported high levels of emotional distress while family communication appeared diminished.

title: Educational-support groups for XXXX mutation carriers satisfy need for information but do not affect emotional distress.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA']


abstract: @entity669 phosphorylation (pTyr) regulates important cell functions and plays a key role in @entity105 . The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive study of the @entity10393 proteome. Immunoaffinity enriched pTyr proteins and peptides from K562 @entity1778 cells were analyzed with high-resolving liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Two different antibodies selective for the pTyr modification were used in repeated enrichments to identify as many pTyr peptides as possible. Stringent verification of putative pTyr sites was performed to assure high reliability in the subsequent biological interpretation of the data. Identified pTyr proteins were subjected to pathway analysis by using different analytical tools. In total, 294 pTyr peptides belonging to 217 pTyr proteins were identified, 15 of which had not previously been reported to be modified by pTyr. The pTyr proteins were clustered in six major groups based on the biological functions "cellular signaling", "cell motility and shape", "cell cycle process", "transport", "RNA processing" and "protein processing". The pTyr proteins were mainly positioned in the following cellular compartments: cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleus and ribonucleoprotein complexes. An interesting finding was that many proteins were related to RNA processing and were found to be heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Also, more than half of the novel pTyr proteins were localized to the nucleus, of which three ( @entity58149 , @entity9220 and @entity18078 ) were classified as transcription factors and two ( @entity34051 and @entity26112 ) are associated with cell division control.

title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of the XXXX proteome.

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']

answer: @entity10393 :: (CHEBI:74956,Chemical) :: ['phosphotyrosine']


abstract: The Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model has been tested for its ability to predict soil erosion, runoff, and sediment delivery over a wide range of conditions and scales for both hillslopes and watersheds. Since its release in 1995, there has been considerable interest in adding a chemical transport element to it. Total @entity3151 (TP) loss at the watershed outlet was simulated as the product of TP in the soil, amount of sediment at the watershed outlet, and an enrichment ratio (ER) factor. WEPP can be coupled with a simple algorithm to simulate @entity3151 transport bound to sediment at the watershed outlet. The objective of this work was to incorporate and test the ability of WEPP in estimatingTP loss with sediment at the small watershed scale. Two approaches were examined. One approach (P-EER) estimated ER according to an empirical relationship; the other approach used the ER calculated by WEPP (P-WER).The data used for model performance test were obtained from two side-by-side watersheds monitored between 1976 and 1980. The watershed sizes were 5.05 and 6.37 ha, and each was in a @entity4336 ( @entity2829 .)- @entity1460 [ @entity1460 .] rotation. Measured and simulated results were compared for the period April to October in each year. There was no statistical difference between the mean measured and simulated TP loss. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.80 and 0.78 for the P-EER and P-WER methods, respectively. It was critical for both methods that WEPP adequately represent the biggest sediment yield events because sediment is the main driver for TP loss so that the model can adequately simulate TP losses bound to sediment. The P-WER method is recommended because it does not require use of empirical parameters to estimate TP loss at the watershed outlet.

title: Modeling XXXX transport in an agricultural watershed using the WEPP model.

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean', 'Glycine max (L.) Merr']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In patients taking @entity734 ( @entity734 ) for @entity302 , adverse effects (AEs) often lead to unfavorable quality of life, impaired adherence, and, eventually, discontinuation of pharmacological treatment. In a true-to-life sample of subjects from our academic @entity302 outpatient clinic, we aimed to identify predictors for overall high AE burden and for specific AEs focusing on @entity1 on monotherapy. METHODS: All @entity1 >= 16years of age with @entity302 for >= 12months were routinely asked to complete the Liverpool Adverse Event Profile (LAEP) just before their appointment. @entity302 , and treatment variables were derived from our comprehensive outpatient database. RESULTS: Out of 841 @entity1 , 438 (61% female, mean age: 44.7  17.1years) on monotherapy were included in this study. @entity4677 (n=151), @entity2812 (n=167), @entity1092 (n=73), or controlled-release @entity2049 (n=47) were the most commonly used @entity734 ( @entity734 ). Independent predictors for general high AE burden (LAEP score>= 45) were duration of @entity302 , lack of 12-month @entity410 freedom, and @entity302 , but none of the four individual @entity734 . The most frequent LAEP-defined specific AEs were @entity25 , difficulty concentrating, @entity2414 . The three most frequent independent predictors for each of the 19 AEs were lack of 12-month @entity410 freedom (13/19 AEs), individual AED (7/19 AEs), and @entity302 (6/19 AEs). @entity4677 was independently associated with anger/ @entity146 , nervousness/ @entity2146 , upset stomach, @entity308 , and @entity25 ; @entity2812 with nervousness/ @entity2146 , upset stomach, and difficulty concentrating; and @entity1092 with upset stomach and shaky hands. CONCLUSION: Individual @entity734 independently predicted some specific AEs, but not overall high AE burden. Our findings may help to characterize @entity1 with @entity302 who are at high risk for specific AEs. Dose reduction or change to another AED may reduce LAEP score and potential nonadherence.

title: Specific adverse effects of XXXX - A true-to-life monotherapy study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['Levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy', 'Demographic, epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['tiredness, and memory problems']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['antiepileptic drugs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity288 are a versatile option for the treatment of mild-to-moderate @entity1569 due to their availability in a wide range of potencies and formulations. Occlusion of the corticosteroid is a widely accepted procedure to enhance the penetration of the medication, thereby improving its effectiveness. @entity17834 ( @entity1899 ) is a moderately potent corticosteroid that is available as a cream, ointment, and lotion. A ready-to-use occlusive dressing, which provides a continuous sustained release of @entity1899 , has been developed for the treatment of @entity1569 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new @entity1899 0.1% plaster compared with a @entity1899 0.1% cream in @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity102 . METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, assessor-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled, multicenter, phase III study. Eligible outpatients (aged >= 18 years) with a diagnosis of stable, chronic @entity1569 with two to four plaques on extensor surfaces of limbs were randomized to receive @entity1899 0.1% plaster or @entity1899 0.1% cream for 3-5 weeks; @entity1 with resolution of target plaques then entered a 3-month, treatment-free, follow-up period. The number of @entity1 showing clearing of plaques (remission) at 3 weeks (primary endpoint) and at 5 weeks was independently evaluated from digitized images of target plaques by two blinded assessors, and also assessed by the investigator and @entity1 . Additional endpoints were (i) change from baseline in target plaque size and in Psoriasis Global Assessment (PGA) score, as evaluated by the blinded assessors, investigator, and @entity1 ; (ii) change from baseline in symptom ( @entity111 , soreness) severity; (iii) treatment satisfaction and ease of use; (iv) clearing and relapse during the follow-up period; and (v) adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: @entity1 (n   =   231) were screened and randomized to treatment with @entity1899 0.1% plaster (n   =   116) and @entity1899 0.1% cream (n   =   115). Significantly more @entity1 achieved clearing after 3 weeks' treatment with @entity1899 plaster than with @entity1899 cream (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, p   <   0.001); this difference was maintained at 5 weeks. The total plaque area decreased to a larger extent for the @entity1899 plaster group compared with the @entity1899 cream group (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA] model, p   =   0.017 at week 5). PGA scores were significantly lower after 3 and 5 weeks' treatment with @entity1899 plaster (ANCOVA model, all p    <=   0.016 vs @entity1899 cream). Both treatments reduced @entity111 and soreness to a similar degree, and the incidences of relapse during the follow-up period were comparable between treatment groups. There were no significant differences in AEs between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1899 0.1% plaster is more efficacious than @entity1899 0.1% cream in the treatment of @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity102 in a clinical setting resembling daily clinical practice.

title: Efficacy and safety of the XXXX 0.1% plaster in mild-to-moderate @entity102 : a randomized, parallel-group, active-controlled, phase III study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17834 :: ('CHEBI:31277', 'Chemical') :: ['Betamethasone valerate']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity17834 :: (CHEBI:31277,Chemical) :: ['Betamethasone valerate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity288 are a versatile option for the treatment of mild-to-moderate @entity1569 due to their availability in a wide range of potencies and formulations. Occlusion of the corticosteroid is a widely accepted procedure to enhance the penetration of the medication, thereby improving its effectiveness. @entity17834 ( @entity1899 ) is a moderately potent corticosteroid that is available as a cream, ointment, and lotion. A ready-to-use occlusive dressing, which provides a continuous sustained release of @entity1899 , has been developed for the treatment of @entity1569 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new @entity1899 0.1% plaster compared with a @entity1899 0.1% cream in @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity102 . METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, assessor-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled, multicenter, phase III study. Eligible outpatients (aged >= 18 years) with a diagnosis of stable, chronic @entity1569 with two to four plaques on extensor surfaces of limbs were randomized to receive @entity1899 0.1% plaster or @entity1899 0.1% cream for 3-5 weeks; @entity1 with resolution of target plaques then entered a 3-month, treatment-free, follow-up period. The number of @entity1 showing clearing of plaques (remission) at 3 weeks (primary endpoint) and at 5 weeks was independently evaluated from digitized images of target plaques by two blinded assessors, and also assessed by the investigator and @entity1 . Additional endpoints were (i) change from baseline in target plaque size and in Psoriasis Global Assessment (PGA) score, as evaluated by the blinded assessors, investigator, and @entity1 ; (ii) change from baseline in symptom ( @entity111 , soreness) severity; (iii) treatment satisfaction and ease of use; (iv) clearing and relapse during the follow-up period; and (v) adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: @entity1 (n   =   231) were screened and randomized to treatment with @entity1899 0.1% plaster (n   =   116) and @entity1899 0.1% cream (n   =   115). Significantly more @entity1 achieved clearing after 3 weeks' treatment with @entity1899 plaster than with @entity1899 cream (Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test, p   <   0.001); this difference was maintained at 5 weeks. The total plaque area decreased to a larger extent for the @entity1899 plaster group compared with the @entity1899 cream group (analysis of covariance [ANCOVA] model, p   =   0.017 at week 5). PGA scores were significantly lower after 3 and 5 weeks' treatment with @entity1899 plaster (ANCOVA model, all p    <=   0.016 vs @entity1899 cream). Both treatments reduced @entity111 and soreness to a similar degree, and the incidences of relapse during the follow-up period were comparable between treatment groups. There were no significant differences in AEs between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1899 0.1% plaster is more efficacious than @entity1899 0.1% cream in the treatment of @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity102 in a clinical setting resembling daily clinical practice.

title: Efficacy and safety of the @entity17834 0.1% plaster in mild-to-moderate XXXX : a randomized, parallel-group, active-controlled, phase III study.

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']


abstract: Disc cysts are rare intraspinal extradural lesions that communicate with the intervertebral disc and can mimic the symptoms of @entity890 . Initially reported in the Japanese-language literature as a new entity ( @entity45 ), there are few documented cases in North America, and only 1 prior case in the pediatric population. The authors present the case of a 16-year-old @entity1 with an intervertebral disc cyst causing @entity614 that progressed despite conservative treatment. All medical records, imaging studies, intraoperative findings, and pertinent literature were reviewed. Serial preoperative MR imaging revealed enlargement of the intraspinal cyst at the L4-5 level, resulting in compression of the right L-5 nerve root. Enlargement of the cyst occurred over a 4-month period despite conservative treatment with physical therapy and corticosteroid injections. Microsurgical discectomy and excision of the cyst resulted in complete resolution of the @entity614 . An intervertebral disc cyst is a rare entity in the adult population and exceedingly rare in the pediatric population but should remain in the differential diagnosis of any intraspinal extradural mass. The authors hypothesize that there exists a spectrum of this entity that may not be responsive to conservative therapy. Cyst excision alone or in conjunction with microsurgical discectomy is safe and effective in treating @entity614 caused by disc cysts.

title: Presentation and progression of a disc cyst in a pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative radiculopathy', 'lumbar radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['discal cyst']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['acute lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vocal @entity912 is one of the challenging laryngeal clinical entities confronting the Laryngologist and indeed, the Phono-surgeon. The ability to maintain an effective balance between voice and airway function to ensure good quality of life requires expertise. This study is therefore designed to highlight our experience on surgical management of @entity3746 . METHOD: Clinical notes of all @entity1 that met the inclusion criteria for this study on @entity3746 over a ten-year period were analysed. Data was generated from @entity1 ' case files retrieved using standard codes according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). RESULTS: From the 7,941 new ENT cases seen, 26 @entity1 had @entity3746 ( @entity3746 ) giving a prevalence of 0.3%. The male to female ratio was 1: 4.2 with a mean age of 45.7years    6.3. Their ages ranged from 21-80 years. Thyroidectomy was the main causal factor in 46.2% while idiopathic causes was documented in 23.1%. Twenty-three @entity1 (88.5%) had unilateral @entity3746 from which 21(91.3%) were abductor paralysis. The ratio of Left: Right @entity3746 was 3:1. All the 3 bilateral cases were abductor paralysis. Neurotropic agents only, were effective in cases of unilateral @entity3746 . However, in those with @entity912 , two had tracheostomy only, while the third had a laryngo-fissure, arytenoidoplasty and endo-laryngeal stenting in addition. All were successfully decannulated with @entity1740 . CONCLUSION: With these observations, we suggest the choice of appropriate surgical technique, timing and careful @entity1 selection in order to preserve voice, curtail operative sequelae and achieve good quality of life (QoL) which is the overall management strategy, be borne in mind.

title: SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF VOCAL CORD PARALYSIS: THE NEED FOR CAREFUL XXXX SELECTION.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['VCP', 'vocal cord paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['good voice quality']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral paralysis', 'cord paralysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENT']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the differences in the pharmacokinetics of Prograf and the prolonged release formulation Advagraf and to develop a Bayesian estimator to estimate @entity1140 inter-dose area under the curve (AUC) in renal transplant @entity1 receiving either Prograf or Advagraf. METHODS: @entity1140 concentration-time profiles were collected, in adult renal transplant recipients, at weeks 1 and 2, and at months 1, 3 and 6 post-transplantation from 32 Prograf treated @entity1 , and one profile was collected from 41 Advagraf @entity1 more than 12 months post-transplantation. Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) parameters were estimated using nonmem. In a second step, the popPK model was used to develop a single Bayesian estimator for the two @entity1140 formulations. RESULTS: A two-compartment model with Erlang absorption (n= 3) and first-order elimination best described the data. In Advagraf @entity1 , a bimodal distribution was observed for the absorption rate constant (K(tr) ): one group with a K(tr) similar to that of Prograf treated @entity1 and the other group with a slower absorption. A mixture model for K(tr) was tested to describe this bimodal distribution. However, the data were best described by the nonmixture model including covariates ( @entity5396 , haematocrit and drug formulation). Using this model and @entity1140 concentrations measured at 0, 1 and 3h post-dose, the Bayesian estimator could estimate @entity1140 AUC accurately (bias = 0.1%) and with good precision (8.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The single Bayesian estimator developed yields good predictive performance for estimation of individual @entity1140 inter-dose AUC in Prograf and Advagraf treated @entity1 and is suitable for clinical practice.

title: Population pharmacokinetic model and Bayesian estimator for two XXXX formulations--twice daily Prograf and once daily Advagraf.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus', 'Tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate cell catabolism by balance of @entity1568 and @entity1391 , and @entity1011 excretion in @entity1 post-cardiac surgery; to establish protein and energy requirements to minimize catabolism; and to assess nutritional therapy by following these parameters and serial anthropometric measurements. METHODS: A prospective observational study of @entity1 with @entity299 undergoing cardiac surgery. Blood samples and 24-h urine collections were obtained postoperatively for @entity1011 measurement and @entity1568 and @entity1391 balance. Anthropometric measurements (weight, mid-arm muscle circumference and triceps skinfold thickness) were obtained preoperatively and at paediatric intensive care unit and hospital discharge. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 were studied for 3-10 postoperative days. Anabolism was associated with higher protein and energy intakes compared to catabolism (1.1 vs. 0.1   g/kg/day and 54 vs. 17   kcal/kg/day, respectively). On days with anabolism, @entity1391 balance was greater compared with that on days with catabolism. Daily @entity1011 excretion did not correlate with protein balance. Anthropometric measurements did not change significantly over time. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity299 undergoing cardiac surgery achieved anabolism with >55   kcal/kg/day and >1   g/kg/day of protein. Balance of @entity1391 was useful to monitor cell breakdown. Anthropometric measurements were not valuable to evaluate nutritional therapy in this population.

title: Monitoring of protein catabolism in neonates and young XXXX post-cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: AIM: To report on a different clinical course of pandemic @entity281 among @entity1 who were @entity16 before the acute onset of the disease, in comparison with @entity1 who were neurologically intact. METHODS: In a period of 6   months, six @entity1 with @entity16 associated with @entity281 were identified in a single institution paediatric emergency room. The @entity1 suffered from @entity410 or @entity1032 during @entity281 . All @entity1 underwent extensive clinical and laboratory assessment. Three @entity1 were @entity16 before the acute onset of the @entity281 . The other three were neurologically intact before the acute @entity1800 . RESULTS: In all six @entity1 , pandemic @entity683 (H1N1) viral RNA was detected in nasopharyngeal specimens but none in the cerebrospinal fluid. Five @entity1 fully recovered or returned to baseline at discharge. The clinical course of the disease and recovery were different between the @entity1 who were @entity16 before the acute @entity1800 and those who were neurologically intact. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible that @entity1 with various neurological conditions are in a higher risk to develop further @entity16 during pandemic @entity281 .

title: XXXX and pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications', 'neurologically impaired']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pandemic A (H1N1) infection', 'influenza A (H1N1) infection', 'H1N1 infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological complications']


abstract: @entity5 and its precursors @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) and @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) are associated with @entity281 by @entity1082 ), in particular @entity1799 and 18. The distribution of the HPV genotype varies with the severity of @entity3799 , age and the geographic location of the @entity1 . We report the results of a population study carried out in a region of north-western (NW) Spain aimed at determining the prevalence of single and @entity281 by 35 types of HPV using low-density microarrays for 113 cases with negative for @entity75 or @entity5 ; 588 with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)/ @entity2784 ; 183 with @entity2784 ; and seven cases of @entity957 . Of the 891 @entity1 analysed, 50.2% had single @entity281 and 49.8% had @entity1083 . In @entity1 aged below 30 years, there was a predominance of @entity281 (p = 0.027). ASCUS/ @entity2784 was associated with multiple and @entity2784 with single @entity281 (p = 0.025). We observed significant @entity281 due to a high-risk (HR) type of HPV when the severity of the cytological lesion increased (p = 0.001). No relationship was found between greater @entity146 in the cytological diagnosis and a higher number of HPV types involved in @entity281 . The five most frequent genotypes were @entity1799 (26.3%), 53 (18.2%), 51 (17.3%), 6 (14.8%) and 66 (13.1%). The prevalence of @entity1799 , 33 and 58 increased significantly from ACUS/ @entity2784 to @entity2784 and the prevalence of HPV 51, 53 and 66 decreased. @entity1799 was the only genotype that showed a significant increase in prevalence when the severity of the cytological disease increased in single @entity281 (p = 0.0001). The implementation of bivalent prophylactic vaccination could potentially lead to prevention in 32% of the population included in the study - in at least a quarter of @entity1 with ACUS/ @entity2784 (26.7%), and in half of @entity2784 (50.2%).

title: Prevalence of XXXX genotypes in cytologic abnormalities from unvaccinated @entity1 living in north-western Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['multiple HPV infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['increases in the percentage of infections', 'multiple infections', 'infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical disease']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'LSIL', 'HSIL', 'low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: @entity5 and its precursors @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) and @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) are associated with @entity281 by @entity1082 ), in particular @entity1799 and 18. The distribution of the HPV genotype varies with the severity of @entity3799 , age and the geographic location of the @entity1 . We report the results of a population study carried out in a region of north-western (NW) Spain aimed at determining the prevalence of single and @entity281 by 35 types of HPV using low-density microarrays for 113 cases with negative for @entity75 or @entity5 ; 588 with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)/ @entity2784 ; 183 with @entity2784 ; and seven cases of @entity957 . Of the 891 @entity1 analysed, 50.2% had single @entity281 and 49.8% had @entity1083 . In @entity1 aged below 30 years, there was a predominance of @entity281 (p = 0.027). ASCUS/ @entity2784 was associated with multiple and @entity2784 with single @entity281 (p = 0.025). We observed significant @entity281 due to a high-risk (HR) type of HPV when the severity of the cytological lesion increased (p = 0.001). No relationship was found between greater @entity146 in the cytological diagnosis and a higher number of HPV types involved in @entity281 . The five most frequent genotypes were @entity1799 (26.3%), 53 (18.2%), 51 (17.3%), 6 (14.8%) and 66 (13.1%). The prevalence of @entity1799 , 33 and 58 increased significantly from ACUS/ @entity2784 to @entity2784 and the prevalence of HPV 51, 53 and 66 decreased. @entity1799 was the only genotype that showed a significant increase in prevalence when the severity of the cytological disease increased in single @entity281 (p = 0.0001). The implementation of bivalent prophylactic vaccination could potentially lead to prevention in 32% of the population included in the study - in at least a quarter of @entity1 with ACUS/ @entity2784 (26.7%), and in half of @entity2784 (50.2%).

title: Prevalence of @entity1082 genotypes in cytologic abnormalities from unvaccinated XXXX living in north-western Spain.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) offers the best chance of cure for many @entity1 with congenital and acquired @entity1503 . Unfortunately, transplantation of alloreactive donor T cells which recognize and damage healthy @entity1 tissues can result in @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). One challenge to successful AHSCT is the prevention of @entity2132 without associated impairment of the beneficial effects of donor T cells, particularly immune reconstitution and prevention of relapse. @entity2132 can be prevented by non-specific depletion of donor T cells from stem cell grafts or by administration of pharmacological immunosuppression. Unfortunately these approaches increase @entity281 and disease relapse. An alternative strategy is to selectively deplete alloreactive donor T cells after allostimulation by recipient @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) before transplant. Early clinical trials of these allodepletion strategies improved immune reconstitution after HLA-mismatched HSCT without excess @entity2132 . However, some allodepletion techniques require specialized recipient @entity1358 production and some approaches may have off-target effects including depletion of donor pathogen-specific T cells and CD4 T regulatory cells .One alternative approach is the inactivation of alloreactive donor T cells via induction of alloantigen-specific @entity6306 . This is achieved by stimulating donor cells with recipient @entity1358 while providing blockade of @entity1361 -mediated co-stimulation signals.This "alloanergization" approach reduces alloreactivity by 1-2 logs while preserving pathogen- and @entity5 -associated antigen T cell responses in vitro. The strategy has been successfully employed in 2 completed and 1 ongoing clinical pilot studies in which alloanergized donor T cells were infused during or after HLA-mismatched HSCT resulting in rapid immune reconstitution, few @entity281 and less severe acute and chronic @entity2132 than historical control recipients of unmanipulated HLA-mismatched transplantation. Here we describe our current protocol for the generation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) which have been alloanergized to HLA-mismatched unrelated stimulator PBMC. Alloanergization is achieved by allostimulation in the presence of monoclonal antibodies to the ligands @entity7938 to block @entity1361 -mediated costimulation. This technique does not require the production of specialized stimulator @entity1358 and is simple to perform, requiring only a single and relatively brief ex vivo incubation step. As such, the approach can be easily standardized for clinical use to generate donor T cells with reduced alloreactivity but retaining pathogen-specific immunity for adoptive transfer in the setting of AHSCT to improve immune reconstitution without excessive @entity2132 .

title: Induction of alloantigen-specific anergy in XXXX peripheral blood mononuclear cells by alloantigen stimulation with co-stimulatory signal blockade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'antigen presenting cells']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Graft-versus-Host Disease', 'GvHD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: This study used the OLGA system to characterize the histology pattern of @entity3621 in dyspeptic outpatients with a mean age of 45 years from regions with different @entity356 risks. BACKGROUND: Several classification systems have been purposed for understanding the status of the gastric mucosa. Currently, the Sydney system is the most widely employed. Nevertheless, the applicability of the Sydney system in therapeutic and prognostic areas is a matter of debate. Given this shortcoming an international group of gastroenterologists and pathologists developed a new system named Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA). @entity1 AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional comparative study the OLGA system was used to characterize the histology pattern of @entity3621 in 685 dyspeptic @entity1 referring to the department of gastroenterology of a training hospital. RESULTS: No significant correlation was found between active inflammation and total OLGA score (P > 0.05). Also, no statistically significant correlation was found between activity and @entity1944 , @entity1141 , @entity194 , and @entity5 (P > 0.05). Even though, there is a positive correlation between mild @entity32 and total OLGA score, no correlation has been identified between chronicity and @entity1141 or @entity5 (P > 0.05). Nearly, In all cases with  no @entity1141 OLGA score  was  zero but all @entity1 with @entity356 OLGA score was more than two. CONCLUSION: Generally, the activity is not a useful factor in predicting prognosis and its loss of relation with total OLGA score does not make OLGA score any less predictable.

title: XXXX : use of OLGA staging system in practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antidepressant-induced @entity250 ( @entity250 ) is a common problem, associated with a significant risk of non-adherence. Selective @entity750 Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are associated with a substantial risk of @entity250 . Only 10 % of @entity1 show spontaneous improvement during follow up period. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare two proposed medication ( @entity752 vs. @entity7776 ) in alleviating @entity250 in @entity1 treated with SSRIs. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial in Iran, 46 @entity1 were recruited based on DSM-IV-TR criteria and semi-structured interview. Then, they were randomized into two treatment groups using table of random numbers. Eight @entity1 were excluded and finally 38 @entity1 completed the study which lasted for 4 weeks. Twenty @entity1 were given @entity752 , 18 @entity1 were randomly assigned to another group, and given @entity7776 . @entity1 were assessed with the Arizona sexual experience scale (ASEX) at baseline and 4 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS: A total of 38 @entity1 completed the study (18 @entity1 in @entity7776 vs. 20 @entity1 in @entity752 ).The mean ASEX scores gradually declined in both study groups during the trial. The reduction of ASEX score in @entity752 group was more than that of @entity7776 group that was statistically significant. So, the addition of @entity752 at higher doses appears to be more effective approach in comparison with @entity7776 . CONCLUSIONS: These results provide empirical support for conducting a further study on comparing different add-on strategies for treating drug-induced @entity250 .

title: Comparing the Efficacy of XXXX and @entity7776 on @entity250 Induced by a Selective @entity750 Reuptake Inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'SD']

answer: @entity752 :: (MESH:D016642,Chemical) :: ['Bupropion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antidepressant-induced @entity250 ( @entity250 ) is a common problem, associated with a significant risk of non-adherence. Selective @entity750 Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are associated with a substantial risk of @entity250 . Only 10 % of @entity1 show spontaneous improvement during follow up period. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare two proposed medication ( @entity752 vs. @entity7776 ) in alleviating @entity250 in @entity1 treated with SSRIs. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial in Iran, 46 @entity1 were recruited based on DSM-IV-TR criteria and semi-structured interview. Then, they were randomized into two treatment groups using table of random numbers. Eight @entity1 were excluded and finally 38 @entity1 completed the study which lasted for 4 weeks. Twenty @entity1 were given @entity752 , 18 @entity1 were randomly assigned to another group, and given @entity7776 . @entity1 were assessed with the Arizona sexual experience scale (ASEX) at baseline and 4 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS: A total of 38 @entity1 completed the study (18 @entity1 in @entity7776 vs. 20 @entity1 in @entity752 ).The mean ASEX scores gradually declined in both study groups during the trial. The reduction of ASEX score in @entity752 group was more than that of @entity7776 group that was statistically significant. So, the addition of @entity752 at higher doses appears to be more effective approach in comparison with @entity7776 . CONCLUSIONS: These results provide empirical support for conducting a further study on comparing different add-on strategies for treating drug-induced @entity250 .

title: Comparing the Efficacy of @entity752 and @entity7776 on @entity250 Induced by a Selective XXXX Reuptake Inhibitor.

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antidepressant-induced @entity250 ( @entity250 ) is a common problem, associated with a significant risk of non-adherence. Selective @entity750 Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are associated with a substantial risk of @entity250 . Only 10 % of @entity1 show spontaneous improvement during follow up period. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare two proposed medication ( @entity752 vs. @entity7776 ) in alleviating @entity250 in @entity1 treated with SSRIs. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial in Iran, 46 @entity1 were recruited based on DSM-IV-TR criteria and semi-structured interview. Then, they were randomized into two treatment groups using table of random numbers. Eight @entity1 were excluded and finally 38 @entity1 completed the study which lasted for 4 weeks. Twenty @entity1 were given @entity752 , 18 @entity1 were randomly assigned to another group, and given @entity7776 . @entity1 were assessed with the Arizona sexual experience scale (ASEX) at baseline and 4 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS: A total of 38 @entity1 completed the study (18 @entity1 in @entity7776 vs. 20 @entity1 in @entity752 ).The mean ASEX scores gradually declined in both study groups during the trial. The reduction of ASEX score in @entity752 group was more than that of @entity7776 group that was statistically significant. So, the addition of @entity752 at higher doses appears to be more effective approach in comparison with @entity7776 . CONCLUSIONS: These results provide empirical support for conducting a further study on comparing different add-on strategies for treating drug-induced @entity250 .

title: Comparing the Efficacy of @entity752 and @entity7776 on XXXX Induced by a Selective @entity750 Reuptake Inhibitor.

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['Sexual Dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antidepressant-induced @entity250 ( @entity250 ) is a common problem, associated with a significant risk of non-adherence. Selective @entity750 Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are associated with a substantial risk of @entity250 . Only 10 % of @entity1 show spontaneous improvement during follow up period. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare two proposed medication ( @entity752 vs. @entity7776 ) in alleviating @entity250 in @entity1 treated with SSRIs. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial in Iran, 46 @entity1 were recruited based on DSM-IV-TR criteria and semi-structured interview. Then, they were randomized into two treatment groups using table of random numbers. Eight @entity1 were excluded and finally 38 @entity1 completed the study which lasted for 4 weeks. Twenty @entity1 were given @entity752 , 18 @entity1 were randomly assigned to another group, and given @entity7776 . @entity1 were assessed with the Arizona sexual experience scale (ASEX) at baseline and 4 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS: A total of 38 @entity1 completed the study (18 @entity1 in @entity7776 vs. 20 @entity1 in @entity752 ).The mean ASEX scores gradually declined in both study groups during the trial. The reduction of ASEX score in @entity752 group was more than that of @entity7776 group that was statistically significant. So, the addition of @entity752 at higher doses appears to be more effective approach in comparison with @entity7776 . CONCLUSIONS: These results provide empirical support for conducting a further study on comparing different add-on strategies for treating drug-induced @entity250 .

title: Comparing the Efficacy of @entity752 and XXXX on @entity250 Induced by a Selective @entity750 Reuptake Inhibitor.

answer: @entity7776 :: (MESH:D000547,Chemical) :: ['Amantadine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2520 has been associated with a number of @entity262 . A high prevalence of @entity2521 among individuals with @entity740 and @entity454 has been reported. However, no association between periodontal diseases and @entity631 has previously been investigated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the severity and possible role of @entity2521 in a group of @entity1 with unknown primary @entity631 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 with unknown primary @entity631 , and who had a renal biopsy with stable renal function and serum @entity1011 <1.6 mg/dL, were recruited. Severity of the periodontal disease was clinically measured with plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and @entity6885 ( @entity5951 ). The subjects received appropriate dental treatments where indicated. The @entity1 were also put on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blockers for controlling blood pressure and @entity644 . Six months following appropriate periodontal treatment, renal function, degree of @entity644 , and level of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) were measured in each individual. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 30 (15.8) years. The median urine protein excretion was lower following the periodontal therapy (P=008). Prior to the dental and/or periodontal therapies, the median PI, @entity5951 , and GI were 57.5%, 4.3, and 1.1, respectively. The majority of the @entity1 had @entity2520 . In four @entity1 , +2/+3 @entity1851 turned negative after periodontal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that a causative link might exist between periodontal disease and @entity631 .

title: A causative link between periodontal disease and XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['advanced periodontal disease', 'Periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity6885 :: ('MESH:D010514', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal pocket depth']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney diseases']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: AIM: In spite of available recommendations, therapeutic procedures of locally recurrent @entity0 are very different. In a retrospective study, the possibilities and results of complete, full-thickness chest wall resection are presented. METHODS: Between 1985 and 2004, 51 @entity1 underwent complete, full-thickness chest wall resection with primary coverage. Primary surgical therapy of @entity0 had been mastectomy in 88%. Median age of @entity1 undergoing surgery for a local recurrence was 57 (29 - 81) years. The median interval between surgery of the primary @entity5 and of the local recurrence was 70.3 (10.7 - 327.2) months; median follow-up was 29.4 (1.8 - 230.9) months. 40 (78.4%) @entity1 required rib resections, 15 (29.4%) of them in combination with partial sternal resection. In 4 (7.8%) @entity1 complete and in 7 (13.7%) @entity1 partial sternal resection without additional rib resection were performed.Coverage was mainly realized using latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps (n=44; 86.3%). Survival rates were calculated by means of the Kaplan-Meier method, the relative risk using univariate and multivariate @entity797 -regression analysis. RESULTS: In the total collective, cumulative 5-, 10- and 15-year survival (YS) rates were 39%, 31% and 23%, respectively, median survival 46.4 months. R0 resection was associated with a 5-YS of 42%. Prognostic factors were age at the time of primary surgery, disease-free interval and @entity5 invasion of bony structures. Mortality was 2%, morbidity 35%. CONCLUSION: Full-thickness chest wall resection of locally recurrent @entity0 is possible in almost any @entity1 when performed by a team of thoracic and plastic surgeons. Only radical resection provides good long-term results with low mortality and morbidity.

title: Full-thickness chest wall resection for locally recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Twenty-five to 30% of new renal replacement therapy (RRT) @entity1 present late to renal services. The proportion in whom this is avoidable, and whether awareness of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) has reduced its incidence is not known. METHODS: Adult @entity1 starting RRT (2003-2008) in a single unit were grouped according to the time interval between first presentation to the unit and start of RRT: <90 days (late presenters); 90-364 days; >=  365 days. 'Late presenters' were classified as follows: @entity810 -- @entity1 who had acute but irreversible @entity177 ; 'avoidable' late referrals, if they had known pre-existing @entity740 and 'unavoidable' late referrals, if they had unpredictable rapid progression of their @entity740 or had no prior contact with health care. Mortality risk associated with late presentation was explored using multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS: Late presentation was common (24.3%) but late referrals accounted for only 7.4% and 3.9% were avoidable. The incidence of late referrals decreased from 9.2% in 2003-2005 to 5.5% in 2006-2008 (trend P = 0.07). Late presentation was associated with increased mortality after adjusting for comorbidity, transplantation and permanent vascular access, and the majority of late presenters died due to @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: The lower incidence of late referrals and the falling trend could be due to implementation of automated estimated glomerular filtration rate reporting and the increased awareness of @entity740 in primary care. Future prospective studies are needed to examine the extent to which frailty contributes to this mortality risk.

title: Late presentation of XXXX with end-stage renal disease for renal replacement therapy--is it always avoidable?

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy or withdrawal of RRT']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The bacterial Rcs phosphorelay is a stress-induced defense mechanism that controls the expression of numerous genes, including those for capsular polysaccharides, motility, and virulence factors. It is a complex multicomponent system that includes the @entity3793 kinase (RcsC) and the response regulator (RcsB) and also auxiliary proteins such as RcsF. RcsF is an outer membrane lipoprotein that transmits signals from the cell surface to RcsC. The physiological signals that activate RcsF and how RcsF interacts with RcsC remain unknown. Here, we report the three-dimensional structure of RcsF. The fold of the protein is characterized by the presence of a central 4-stranded b sheet, which is conserved in several other proteins, including the @entity920 -binding domain of the amyloid precursor protein. RcsF, which contains four conserved @entity462 residues, presents two nonconsecutive @entity1525 between @entity2569 (74) and @entity2569 (118) and between @entity2569 (109) and @entity2569 (124), respectively. These two @entity1525 are not functionally equivalent; the @entity2569 (109)- @entity2569 (124) @entity1520 is particularly important for the assembly of an active RcsF. Moreover, we show that formation of the nonconsecutive @entity1525 of RcsF depends on the periplasmic @entity1520 isomerase DsbC. We trapped RcsF in a mixed @entity1520 complex with DsbC, and we show that deletion of dsbC prevents the activation of the Rcs phosphorelay by signals that function through RcsF. The three-dimensional structure of RcsF provides the structural basis to understand how this protein triggers the Rcs signaling cascade.

title: Crystal structure of the outer membrane protein RcsF, a new substrate for the periplasmic protein- XXXX isomerase DsbC.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity1525 :: ('MESH:D004220', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfides']

answer: @entity1520 :: (CHEBI:48343,Chemical) :: ['disulfide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Subjects (n = 188) with @entity164 2 @entity6 and inadequate response to two oral medications ( @entity3916 >8.0%) were randomly assigned to treatment with either a third oral medication or an insulin 70/30 mix b.i.d. plus @entity2449 for a comparison of efficacy, safety, and cost. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The protocol called for aggressive dose titration to achieve target values of fasting blood @entity413 (80-120 mg/dl), postprandial @entity413 (<160 mg/dl), and @entity3916 (<7%). These efficacy parameters were evaluated at weeks 2, 6, 12, and 24 of therapy. If dose adjustments failed to achieve targeted glycemic control, subjects were switched to an alternate therapy. RESULTS: At the end of study (week 24 of therapy), @entity3916 and fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) values showed comparable decreases in the two treatment groups. Only 31% (oral therapy) and 32% (insulin plus @entity2449 ) of subjects achieved target values of @entity3916 (<7%). A total of 10 of the 98 subjects randomized to triple oral therapy (10.2%) who failed to improve sufficiently were switched to insulin therapy. An additional four subjects dropped out of the oral treatment group due to adverse events felt to be potentially drug related. Only two of the subjects randomized to insulin plus @entity2449 had to be switched to basal-bolus regimens (regular insulin and NPH insulin). Cost analysis determined that insulin plus @entity2449 (mean cost 3.20 dollars/day) provided efficacy equal to that of a triple oral drug regimen (10.40 dollars/day). CONCLUSIONS: Insulin 70/30 mix plus @entity2449 was as effective as triple oral therapy in lowering @entity3916 and FPG values. The triple oral regimen was not as cost effective, and a high percentage of subjects (total of 16.3%) did not complete this regimen due to lack of efficacy or side effects.

title: Insulin 70/30 mix plus @entity2449 versus triple oral therapy in the treatment of XXXX 2 @entity6 after failure of two oral drugs: efficacy, safety, and cost analysis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Subjects (n = 188) with @entity164 2 @entity6 and inadequate response to two oral medications ( @entity3916 >8.0%) were randomly assigned to treatment with either a third oral medication or an insulin 70/30 mix b.i.d. plus @entity2449 for a comparison of efficacy, safety, and cost. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The protocol called for aggressive dose titration to achieve target values of fasting blood @entity413 (80-120 mg/dl), postprandial @entity413 (<160 mg/dl), and @entity3916 (<7%). These efficacy parameters were evaluated at weeks 2, 6, 12, and 24 of therapy. If dose adjustments failed to achieve targeted glycemic control, subjects were switched to an alternate therapy. RESULTS: At the end of study (week 24 of therapy), @entity3916 and fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) values showed comparable decreases in the two treatment groups. Only 31% (oral therapy) and 32% (insulin plus @entity2449 ) of subjects achieved target values of @entity3916 (<7%). A total of 10 of the 98 subjects randomized to triple oral therapy (10.2%) who failed to improve sufficiently were switched to insulin therapy. An additional four subjects dropped out of the oral treatment group due to adverse events felt to be potentially drug related. Only two of the subjects randomized to insulin plus @entity2449 had to be switched to basal-bolus regimens (regular insulin and NPH insulin). Cost analysis determined that insulin plus @entity2449 (mean cost 3.20 dollars/day) provided efficacy equal to that of a triple oral drug regimen (10.40 dollars/day). CONCLUSIONS: Insulin 70/30 mix plus @entity2449 was as effective as triple oral therapy in lowering @entity3916 and FPG values. The triple oral regimen was not as cost effective, and a high percentage of subjects (total of 16.3%) did not complete this regimen due to lack of efficacy or side effects.

title: Insulin 70/30 mix plus XXXX versus triple oral therapy in the treatment of @entity164 2 @entity6 after failure of two oral drugs: efficacy, safety, and cost analysis.

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Subjects (n = 188) with @entity164 2 @entity6 and inadequate response to two oral medications ( @entity3916 >8.0%) were randomly assigned to treatment with either a third oral medication or an insulin 70/30 mix b.i.d. plus @entity2449 for a comparison of efficacy, safety, and cost. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The protocol called for aggressive dose titration to achieve target values of fasting blood @entity413 (80-120 mg/dl), postprandial @entity413 (<160 mg/dl), and @entity3916 (<7%). These efficacy parameters were evaluated at weeks 2, 6, 12, and 24 of therapy. If dose adjustments failed to achieve targeted glycemic control, subjects were switched to an alternate therapy. RESULTS: At the end of study (week 24 of therapy), @entity3916 and fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) values showed comparable decreases in the two treatment groups. Only 31% (oral therapy) and 32% (insulin plus @entity2449 ) of subjects achieved target values of @entity3916 (<7%). A total of 10 of the 98 subjects randomized to triple oral therapy (10.2%) who failed to improve sufficiently were switched to insulin therapy. An additional four subjects dropped out of the oral treatment group due to adverse events felt to be potentially drug related. Only two of the subjects randomized to insulin plus @entity2449 had to be switched to basal-bolus regimens (regular insulin and NPH insulin). Cost analysis determined that insulin plus @entity2449 (mean cost 3.20 dollars/day) provided efficacy equal to that of a triple oral drug regimen (10.40 dollars/day). CONCLUSIONS: Insulin 70/30 mix plus @entity2449 was as effective as triple oral therapy in lowering @entity3916 and FPG values. The triple oral regimen was not as cost effective, and a high percentage of subjects (total of 16.3%) did not complete this regimen due to lack of efficacy or side effects.

title: Insulin 70/30 mix plus @entity2449 versus triple oral therapy in the treatment of @entity164 2 XXXX after failure of two oral drugs: efficacy, safety, and cost analysis.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']