abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity71903 (AE) was isolated from Abacopteris penangiana (Hook.) Ching. This study was to elucidate its neuroprotective effects against @entity273 ( @entity274 ) induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells and @entity3649 ( @entity16076 ) induced @entity2359 in @entity19 brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro, the protective effect of AE against @entity274 -induced oxidative damage in the PC12 was investigated by the method of @entity98 ( @entity98 ). In vivo, the protective effect of AE against @entity16076 -induced @entity2359 in @entity19 was studied. The @entity19 in the model group and the AE treatment groups were injected with the @entity16076 150 mg/(kg d) for 7 weeks while the @entity19 in the control group were injected with the same volume of saline (0.9%). From the sixth week, the treatment groups were subcutaneously injected 4 or 8 mg/(kg d) of AE. In order to explore the potential mechanism of AE's action, the @entity19 were assessed by behavioral and electrophysiological tests at the end of the administration. Then the @entity19 brain tissues were measured for the levels of @entity224 dismutases (SOD), @entity2041 peroxidase ( @entity2197 -Px), and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ). RESULTS: This study showed that AE lowered the @entity274 -induced @entity137 , and AE significantly improved the learning and memory ability in behavioral performance. The biochemical examination revealed that AE restored the activities of SOD and @entity2197 -Px, and attenuated the increase of @entity1865 . Moreover, the electrophysiological analysis evidently showed that AE ameliorated the long-term potentiation (LTP). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that AE had neuroprotective effects, and its beneficial effects may be linked with inhibiting the generation of free radical and enhancing the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.

title: Neuroprotective effects of XXXX from Abacopteris penangiana against oxidative stress-induced @entity2359 .

answer: @entity71903 :: (MESH:C562211,Chemical) :: ['Abacopterin E']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immune @entity882 is characterised by immune-mediated destruction and suboptimum production of platelets. Despite the absence of supporting evidence, rituximab is frequently used off-label in @entity1 with @entity3039 . We aimed to assess the efficacy of rituximab as compared with placebo as a splenectomy-sparing treatment in @entity1 who were previously treated with @entity288 . METHODS: In this multicentre, randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled corticosteroid unresponsive adult @entity1 (aged >= 18 years) with primary @entity3039 and a platelet count of less than 30   *   10(9) platelets per L. @entity1 were randomly assigned (1:1) to four weekly infusions of 375 mg/m(2) rituximab or placebo. Concurrent treatment with @entity288 only was allowed during the study. The primary endpoint was rate of treatment failure within 78 weeks-a composite of splenectomy or meeting criteria for splenectomy after week 12 if splenectomy was not done, assessed in all @entity1 who received at least one dose of study treatment. Secondary endpoints were response rates, relapse rates, and duration of response. Efficacy endpoints were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Safety endpoints were assessed in all @entity1 who received at least one dose. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00344149. FINDINGS: Between Aug 17, 2006, and June 30, 2011, we enrolled 112 @entity1 . 32 (58%) of 55 @entity1 in the rituximab group and 37 (69%) of 54 @entity1 in the placebo group had treatment failure within 78 weeks (Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence 46% for rituximab vs 52% for placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0  89, 95% CI 0  55-1  45; p=0  65). The cumulative incidence of overall response was 81% in the rituximab group versus 73% in the placebo group (p=0  15) and complete response was 58% in the rituximab group versus 50% in the placebo group (p=0  12). Of those achieving an overall response, 68% relapsed in the rituximab group and 78% relapsed in the placebo group, and of those achieving complete response, 50% relapsed in the rituximab group and 62% relapsed in the placebo group. Time to relapse in the rituximab group was longer in @entity1 who achieved overall response (36 vs 7 weeks; p=0  01) but not complete response (76 vs 49 weeks; p=0  19). Rates of bleeding were similar in the two groups (21 [38%] in the rituximab group vs 27 [50%] in the placebo group; p=0  08) as were rates of @entity281 (22 [40%] vs 13 [24%]; p=0  09). INTERPRETATION: Despite no reduction in the rate of long-term treatment failure with rituximab, a small benefit cannot be ruled out, as suggested by an apparently longer duration of response and numerically higher response rates with rituximab. FUNDING: South-East Regional Health Authority and   stfold Hospital, Norway; Roche, France; and Roche, Norway.

title: Rituximab as second-line treatment for adult XXXX (the RITP trial): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of the base-to-base prism test (BBPT), which entails inducing an @entity5971 with the use of base-in prisms before each eye, in the diagnosis of @entity4457 . METHODS: @entity1 were consecutive @entity1 recruited from a pediatric ophthalmology practice who were able to perform logMAR acuity testing. All @entity1 underwent an orthoptic examination, including logMAR visual acuity testing, and a sensorimotor evaluation. @entity1 with an interocular difference of 2 or more lines were considered to have @entity4457 . Fixation preference was assessed by use of both the vertical fixation test and the BBPT. The agreement between the BBPT and visual acuity was analyzed and compared with the agreement between the vertical fixation test and visual acuity. RESULTS: Fifty-one consecutive @entity1 aged 4 to 17 (mean, 9.8 years; SD    3.4) were included, of whom 11 were diagnosed with @entity4457 . Kappa analysis showed moderate but significant agreement between the BBPT and logMAR (k = 0.453, p = 0.001), whereas the vertical fixation test demonstrated only a fair agreement (k = 0.254, p = 0.061). The overall sensitivity for the BBPT was 72.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 43.4%-90.3%) but only 40% for the vertical fixation test (95% CI, 16.8%-69.7%). For the BBPT, specificity was 80% (95% CI, 65.2%-89.5%); for the vertical fixation test, 78% (95% CI, 63.3%-88.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The BBPT appears to be more sensitive than the vertical fixation test for detecting @entity4457 in our @entity1 population. The 2 tests had similar specificity.

title: The base-to-base induced-tropia prism test for detection of XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: 1. Isolated sheets of @entity95 descending colon epithelial cells stripped from their underlying muscle coats were incubated in chambers at 37 degrees C with oxygenated media, and their non-inulin space water, @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity2865 contents were subsequently determined. 2. With @entity1372 Ringer bathing both surfaces, @entity6478 , 10(-4) M, decreased non-inulin space @entity1372 content by 76 mmol/kg dry wt. Ouabain, 10(-3) M, caused loss of non-inulin space @entity972 which was not completely compensated for by uptake of @entity1372 over 30 min incubation. @entity2865 and water, therefore, decreased. @entity6478 , 10(-4) M, inhibited but did not prevent this uptake of @entity1372 after ouabain. 3. Tissues exposed to @entity1372 -free @entity1877 Ringer rapidly exchanged non-inulin space @entity1372 for @entity1877 and, more slowly, lost @entity972 , @entity2865 and water. The equilibration of @entity1372 in the non-inulin space when @entity1372 Ringer was restored to the mucosal medium alone was largely @entity6478 -insensitive. For restoration of non-inulin space @entity972 to normal levels, @entity1372 was required in the serosal but not the mucosal medium. 4. Neither the absence of @entity413 nor the absence of @entity2865 from the mucosal medium affected the non-inulin space @entity1372 content when @entity1372 was restored to the mucosal medium bathing @entity1372 -depleted tissues. 5. It is argued that, whereas non-inulin space @entity972 and water contents are synonymous with their cellular values, only about one third of non-inulin space @entity1372 is cellular when @entity1372 Ringer bathes both surfaces, and the concentration of the @entity1372 within the cellular transport pool approximated 20 mmol/kg @entity2507 , consistent with estimates obtained from other techniques.

title: Ions and water in the epithelial cells of XXXX descending colon.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiloride', 'amiloride']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloride', 'chloride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Of fifteen @entity235 each five of them inhaled @entity9537 ( @entity12783 ) at the levels of 700, 1500 and 2,000 ppm respectively for one hour. Changes in @entity12783 concentrations in the expired air, arterial blood and venous blood of @entity235 were measured from the beginning of exposure until one hour after the end of exposure. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Cumulative uptakes of @entity12783 in one hour exposure were 27.3 mg/kg at 700 ppm, 44.7 mg/kg at 1,500 ppm and 71.2 mg/kg at 2,000 ppm. 2. Excretion ratios of @entity12783 in one hour after the exposure were 66-71% at all the three levels of exposure. 3. During the exposure, highly significant negative correlation was seen between arterial/venous blood concentration ratio and expired/inspired air concentration ratio. In the post-exposure period, highly significant positive correlations were seen between expired air concentration and venous or arterial blood concentration. 4. The mean ratio of the total absorption value to the total inspired value was 14% at all the three levels of exposure. 5. From these results, the authors examined the multiple regression equations with two independent variables x and z which are shown as follows. a) During the exposure period, Y1: Cumulative absorption solvent value by the @entity235 (mg/kg) X1: Time of exposure (min) Z1: Level of the solvent value in the ambient air (microgram/ml) log Y1 = -0.526 + 0.622 log X1 + 0.905 log Z1 b) Post exposure period, Y2: Cumulative excreted solvent value by the @entity235 (mg/kg) X2: Time after the end of exposure (min) Z2: Cumulative absorbed solvent value by the @entity235 at the end of exposure (mg/kg) log Y2 = -2.300 + 0.609 log X2 + 0.858 log Z2 We assumed that both equations are very fit and significant.

title: [Experimental examinations and toxicokinetic analysis of the absorption and excretion of XXXX by the lung].

entities_list: @entity9537 :: ('MESH:C024566', 'Chemical') :: ['1,1,1-trichloroethane']

answer: @entity9537 :: (MESH:C024566,Chemical) :: ['1,1,1-trichloroethane']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Radical pericardiectomy alone is not effective in @entity1 with @entity3822 accompanied by @entity15496 . However, a waffle procedure is very effective in these @entity1 , as we demonstrate in this paper. Firstly, we performed a radical pericardiectomy via a median sternotomy. We used an ultrasonic scalpel for this procedure, and an apical suction device was useful for lifting the heart. This technique is similar to that used in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. After the whole heart was dissected from the markedly thickened parietal pericardium, a waffle procedure was performed on the left ventricle first. Multiple longitudinal and transverse incisions were made on the thickened epicardium using an ultrasonic scalpel. After the left ventricle was fully relieved of constriction, the same procedure was performed on the right ventricle. Thereafter, a remarkable improvement of our @entity1 's haemodynamic status was obtained. The whole procedure can be done without cardiopulmonary bypass. We describe tips for performing the waffle procedure without cardiopulmonary bypass using an ultrasonic scalpel and apical suction device, as well as pitfalls to avoid.

title: Off-pump waffle procedure using an ultrasonic scalpel for XXXX

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity15496 :: ('MESH:D015877', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial constriction']

answer: @entity3822 :: (MESH:D010494,Disease) :: ['constrictive pericarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity924 ( @entity2633 ) is a common condition both in primary care and specialty clinics. PURPOSE: To evaluate the natural history (ie, incidence, recurrence, and progression to surgery) of @entity924 in a large population. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: The study population comprised a population-based incidence cohort of @entity1 with new-onset @entity924 between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2012. The medical records of a 10% random sample (n = 576) were reviewed to ascertain information on @entity1 and disease characteristics, treatment modalities, recurrence, and progression to surgery. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated and adjusted to the 2010 US population. RESULTS: The age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence of @entity924 decreased significantly over time from 4.5 per 1000 @entity1 in 2000 to 2.4 per 1000 in 2012 (P < .001). The recurrence rate within 2 years was 8.5% and remained constant over time. The proportion of surgically treated cases within 2 years of diagnosis tripled over time, from 1.1% during the 2000-2002 time period to 3.2% after 2009 (P < .00001). About 1 in 10 @entity1 with persistent symptoms at 6 months required surgery. CONCLUSION: The decrease in incidence of @entity924 may represent changes in diagnosis patterns or a true decrease in disease incidence. Natural history data can be used to help guide @entity1 and providers in determining the most appropriate course at a given time in the disease process. The study data suggest that @entity1 without resolution after 6 months of onset may have a @entity1162 and may need surgical intervention.

title: The Epidemiology and Health Care Burden of XXXX : A Population-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged disease course']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Lateral elbow tendinosis', 'lateral elbow tendinosis']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['Tennis Elbow']


abstract: Lymphangiogenesis may be important for the cellular immune response in liver transplantation. In the present study, we examined lymphangiogenesis in liver allografts displaying acute cellular rejection (ACR), or long-term acceptance, or severe ACR plus antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). ACR and subsequent long-term graft acceptance developed in liver transplantations from DA to PVG @entity35 without immunosuppression (mean survival time more than 90 days). Severe ACR and AMR developed in liver transplantations from DA to Lewis @entity35 without immunosuppression (mean survival = 11 days). Normal DA donor livers before transplantation showed a small number of lymphatic vessels around portal veins. DA liver grafts in PVG showed ACR with lymphangiogenesis in portal areas and portal-portal bridging areas with cellular infiltration. Newly formed lymphatic vessels in ACR were characterized by proliferating endothelial cells with expression of the homeobox transcription factor @entity27461 and surrounded by discontinuous basement membranes. Thereafter, the infiltrates spontaneously disappeared, and the grafts survived more than 90 days. During the resolution of the cellular infiltration, expanded lymphatic vessels were packed with many lymphocytes. Thereafter, the number of lymphatic vessels decreased. In contrast, severe ACR and AMR in DA-to-Lewis transplantations showed lymphatic vessels disappeared with @entity4 in the portal areas at day 11. In conclusion, lymphangiogenesis occurred during ACR. It may be involved in the resolution of ACR and @entity32 . In severe ACR and AMR, lymphatic vessels were destroyed, which may be involved in persistent severe @entity32 .

title: Lymphangiogenesis associated with acute cellular rejection in XXXX liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'reduction of inflammation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that @entity1761 is efficacious in the treatment of @entity99 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity1761 in addition to @entity11884 in improving hospitalization outcomes in @entity1 with @entity99 . METHODS: Hospital records of @entity1 evaluated for liver transplantation at a single center between January 2006 and May 2008 were reviewed. Hospitalizations for @entity99 and other conditions and the incidence of spontaneous @entity298 and adverse events were analyzed. RESULTS: Charts of 65 @entity1 who were treated with @entity1761 and @entity11884 were analyzed. @entity1 received @entity11884 (20-120 g/d; @entity11884 phase) before treatment with @entity1761 (400- 1200 mg/d; @entity1761 phase). During the @entity1761 phase, the risk, number, and duration of hospitalizations for @entity99 were reduced compared with the @entity11884 phase. Treatment, age, and Model for End-Stage @entity409 score were independent predictors of hospitalizations for @entity99 (P < .05). The @entity1761 phase had fewer hospitalizations than the @entity11884 phase (36 vs 47, respectively) and a smaller percentage of @entity1 with repeated hospitalizations than the @entity11884 phase (5% vs 14%, respectively; P = .006) for conditions other than @entity99 . A smaller percentage of @entity1 had evidence of spontaneous @entity298 during the @entity1761 phase than the @entity11884 phase (2% vs 12%, respectively; P = .02). @entity1761 was better tolerated than @entity11884 . CONCLUSIONS: Addition of @entity1761 to @entity11884 therapy significantly reduced the risk and duration of hospitalizations for @entity99 .

title: @entity1761 for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity1761 :: ('MESH:C042734', 'Chemical') :: ['Rifaximin', 'rifaximin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that @entity1761 is efficacious in the treatment of @entity99 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity1761 in addition to @entity11884 in improving hospitalization outcomes in @entity1 with @entity99 . METHODS: Hospital records of @entity1 evaluated for liver transplantation at a single center between January 2006 and May 2008 were reviewed. Hospitalizations for @entity99 and other conditions and the incidence of spontaneous @entity298 and adverse events were analyzed. RESULTS: Charts of 65 @entity1 who were treated with @entity1761 and @entity11884 were analyzed. @entity1 received @entity11884 (20-120 g/d; @entity11884 phase) before treatment with @entity1761 (400- 1200 mg/d; @entity1761 phase). During the @entity1761 phase, the risk, number, and duration of hospitalizations for @entity99 were reduced compared with the @entity11884 phase. Treatment, age, and Model for End-Stage @entity409 score were independent predictors of hospitalizations for @entity99 (P < .05). The @entity1761 phase had fewer hospitalizations than the @entity11884 phase (36 vs 47, respectively) and a smaller percentage of @entity1 with repeated hospitalizations than the @entity11884 phase (5% vs 14%, respectively; P = .006) for conditions other than @entity99 . A smaller percentage of @entity1 had evidence of spontaneous @entity298 during the @entity1761 phase than the @entity11884 phase (2% vs 12%, respectively; P = .02). @entity1761 was better tolerated than @entity11884 . CONCLUSIONS: Addition of @entity1761 to @entity11884 therapy significantly reduced the risk and duration of hospitalizations for @entity99 .

title: XXXX for the treatment of @entity99 .

answer: @entity1761 :: (MESH:C042734,Chemical) :: ['Rifaximin']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the present study was to investigate the point prevalence of @entity303 and @entity73 ( @entity73 ) in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: A total of 1200 @entity1 with @entity191 from 12 hospitals were included in the study. All @entity1 were grouped into normal cognition, @entity73 and @entity303 subgroups. General cognitive status and @entity303 severity were assessed by the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Clinical @entity303 Rating and Global Deterioration Scale, and @entity191 motor status was assessed by the Hoehn and Yahr staging score. Associated @entity146 and other medical conditions were checked. Prescribing patterns of antidementia medications were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity73 was frequent in @entity1 with @entity191 ; @entity73 was found in 38.9% of @entity1 , whereas @entity303 was in 38.3% of @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity73 increased with increasing age and longer disease duration, and the symptoms of postural instability and symptoms mimicking @entity735 movement @entity146 were associated with @entity73 . Many @entity303 @entity1 (95.2%) and 23.6% of @entity73 @entity1 were treated with antidementia drugs, with @entity11544 the most frequently used. CONCLUSION: The point prevalence of @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity191 was 77.2%. @entity73 was associated with age, disease duration and specific @entity191 motor/non-motor symptoms. Over 90% of the @entity1 with @entity303 were treated with antidementia medication, and @entity11544 was the most frequently used for the management of @entity303 . Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015;       :       -      .

title: Prevalence and treatment pattern of XXXX in Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behavior disorder', 'sleep behaviors']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive impairment', 'MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['rapid eye']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['rivastigmine']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease dementia']


abstract: The most abundant carcinogen in @entity286 smoke or its condensate has been identified as @entity30581 . This is formed predominantly from @entity1239 in @entity286 during curing and smoking but may also be generated within the body. Intravenous injection of @entity3209 NNN appears highly concentrated in the choroid of pigmented @entity19 . Like @entity1239 , it crosses the placental barrier and appears in the choroid of the @entity735 in pregnant female @entity19 . Other studies of the male @entity320 population show a trend toward earlier life appearance of @entity320 in smokers and significantly less of disease-free @entity320 at five years among smokers. Immunoglobulin G and natural killer leukocyte activities appear to be reduced in male smokers with or without @entity320 . Although species and strain differences in susceptibility to carcinogenic agents are well known, these findings led us to a retrospective analysis of 126 white adults undergoing enucleation as immediate therapy for unilateral @entity320 between 1958 and 1978. Histologic verification and adequate follow-ups were obtained in 105 @entity1 . Minimum follow-up in 65 survivors was 3 years and maximum was 24 years. In 40 @entity1 with metastatic @entity320 , @entity204 occurred at 3 months to 13 years or at an average of 44 months following surgery. An adequate history of @entity286 use was obtained in 94 @entity1 , 44 of which were positive for @entity286 use (32 male; 12 female) and 50 were denials (16 male; 34 female). Questions to female @entity1 or families of deceased @entity1 evoked more prompt and uncompromising denial than was experienced in questioning of male @entity1 . Straight (non-actuarial) five @entity5 mortality in white males with @entity320 showed 12 of 32 or 37% dead among male smokers and 1 of 13 or 8% dead among male non-smokers. Actuarial calculation of five year survival showed only 62% in @entity286 using males and 85% in non- @entity286 using males. The distribution of cytology was essentially similar in groups both by sex and other subgroupings. There were, however, more @entity5 (greater than 10 mm in diameter) in the @entity286 group (61%) vs the non-smokers (31%). These preliminary findings merit further analysis by prospective @entity286 histories in @entity320 @entity1 , particularly among the male population.

title: Carcinogenesis and XXXX in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['large tumors', 'year tumor']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic eye']

entities_list: @entity30581 :: ('MESH:C008655', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosonornicotine']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'malignant melanoma of the choroid', 'choroidal malignant melanoma', 'malignant melanoma', 'melanoma-bearing males']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: The most abundant carcinogen in @entity286 smoke or its condensate has been identified as @entity30581 . This is formed predominantly from @entity1239 in @entity286 during curing and smoking but may also be generated within the body. Intravenous injection of @entity3209 NNN appears highly concentrated in the choroid of pigmented @entity19 . Like @entity1239 , it crosses the placental barrier and appears in the choroid of the @entity735 in pregnant female @entity19 . Other studies of the male @entity320 population show a trend toward earlier life appearance of @entity320 in smokers and significantly less of disease-free @entity320 at five years among smokers. Immunoglobulin G and natural killer leukocyte activities appear to be reduced in male smokers with or without @entity320 . Although species and strain differences in susceptibility to carcinogenic agents are well known, these findings led us to a retrospective analysis of 126 white adults undergoing enucleation as immediate therapy for unilateral @entity320 between 1958 and 1978. Histologic verification and adequate follow-ups were obtained in 105 @entity1 . Minimum follow-up in 65 survivors was 3 years and maximum was 24 years. In 40 @entity1 with metastatic @entity320 , @entity204 occurred at 3 months to 13 years or at an average of 44 months following surgery. An adequate history of @entity286 use was obtained in 94 @entity1 , 44 of which were positive for @entity286 use (32 male; 12 female) and 50 were denials (16 male; 34 female). Questions to female @entity1 or families of deceased @entity1 evoked more prompt and uncompromising denial than was experienced in questioning of male @entity1 . Straight (non-actuarial) five @entity5 mortality in white males with @entity320 showed 12 of 32 or 37% dead among male smokers and 1 of 13 or 8% dead among male non-smokers. Actuarial calculation of five year survival showed only 62% in @entity286 using males and 85% in non- @entity286 using males. The distribution of cytology was essentially similar in groups both by sex and other subgroupings. There were, however, more @entity5 (greater than 10 mm in diameter) in the @entity286 group (61%) vs the non-smokers (31%). These preliminary findings merit further analysis by prospective @entity286 histories in @entity320 @entity1 , particularly among the male population.

title: Carcinogenesis and @entity1239 in XXXX .

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma of the choroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the absolute risks for older @entity1 of readmission to hospital and @entity204 in the year after hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or @entity55 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: 4767 hospitals caring for Medicare fee for service beneficiaries in the United States, 2008-10. @entity1 : More than 3 million Medicare fee for service beneficiaries, aged 65 years or more, surviving hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or @entity55 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily absolute risks of first readmission to hospital and @entity204 for one year after discharge. To illustrate risk trajectories, we identified the time required for risks of readmission to hospital and @entity204 to decline 50% from maximum values after discharge; the time required for risks to approach plateau periods of minimal day to day change, defined as 95% reductions in daily changes in risk from maximum daily declines after discharge; and the extent to which risks are higher among @entity1 recently discharged from hospital compared with the general elderly population. RESULTS: Within one year of hospital discharge, readmission to hospital and @entity204 , respectively, occurred following 67.4% and 35.8% of hospitalizations for @entity712 , 49.9% and 25.1% for @entity583 , and 55.6% and 31.1% for @entity55 . Risk of first readmission had declined 50% by day 38 after hospitalization for @entity712 , day 13 after hospitalization for @entity583 , and day 25 after hospitalization for @entity55 ; risk of @entity204 declined 50% by day 11, 6, and 10, respectively. Daily change in risk of first readmission to hospital declined 95% by day 45, 38, and 45; daily change in risk of @entity204 declined 95% by day 21, 19, and 21. After hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or @entity55 , the magnitude of the relative risk for hospital admission over the first 90 days was 8, 6, and 6 times greater than that of the general older population; the relative risk of @entity204 was 11, 8, and 10 times greater. CONCLUSIONS: Risk declines slowly for older @entity1 after hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or @entity55 and is increased for months. Specific risk trajectories vary by discharge diagnosis and outcome. @entity1 should remain vigilant for deterioration in health for an extended time after discharge. Health providers can use knowledge of absolute risks and their changes over time to better align interventions designed to reduce adverse outcomes after discharge with the highest risk periods for @entity1 .

title: Trajectories of risk after hospitalization for XXXX , @entity583 , or @entity55 : retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the absolute risks for older @entity1 of readmission to hospital and @entity204 in the year after hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or @entity55 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: 4767 hospitals caring for Medicare fee for service beneficiaries in the United States, 2008-10. @entity1 : More than 3 million Medicare fee for service beneficiaries, aged 65 years or more, surviving hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or @entity55 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily absolute risks of first readmission to hospital and @entity204 for one year after discharge. To illustrate risk trajectories, we identified the time required for risks of readmission to hospital and @entity204 to decline 50% from maximum values after discharge; the time required for risks to approach plateau periods of minimal day to day change, defined as 95% reductions in daily changes in risk from maximum daily declines after discharge; and the extent to which risks are higher among @entity1 recently discharged from hospital compared with the general elderly population. RESULTS: Within one year of hospital discharge, readmission to hospital and @entity204 , respectively, occurred following 67.4% and 35.8% of hospitalizations for @entity712 , 49.9% and 25.1% for @entity583 , and 55.6% and 31.1% for @entity55 . Risk of first readmission had declined 50% by day 38 after hospitalization for @entity712 , day 13 after hospitalization for @entity583 , and day 25 after hospitalization for @entity55 ; risk of @entity204 declined 50% by day 11, 6, and 10, respectively. Daily change in risk of first readmission to hospital declined 95% by day 45, 38, and 45; daily change in risk of @entity204 declined 95% by day 21, 19, and 21. After hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or @entity55 , the magnitude of the relative risk for hospital admission over the first 90 days was 8, 6, and 6 times greater than that of the general older population; the relative risk of @entity204 was 11, 8, and 10 times greater. CONCLUSIONS: Risk declines slowly for older @entity1 after hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or @entity55 and is increased for months. Specific risk trajectories vary by discharge diagnosis and outcome. @entity1 should remain vigilant for deterioration in health for an extended time after discharge. Health providers can use knowledge of absolute risks and their changes over time to better align interventions designed to reduce adverse outcomes after discharge with the highest risk periods for @entity1 .

title: Trajectories of risk after hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or XXXX : retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the absolute risks for older @entity1 of readmission to hospital and @entity204 in the year after hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or @entity55 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: 4767 hospitals caring for Medicare fee for service beneficiaries in the United States, 2008-10. @entity1 : More than 3 million Medicare fee for service beneficiaries, aged 65 years or more, surviving hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or @entity55 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily absolute risks of first readmission to hospital and @entity204 for one year after discharge. To illustrate risk trajectories, we identified the time required for risks of readmission to hospital and @entity204 to decline 50% from maximum values after discharge; the time required for risks to approach plateau periods of minimal day to day change, defined as 95% reductions in daily changes in risk from maximum daily declines after discharge; and the extent to which risks are higher among @entity1 recently discharged from hospital compared with the general elderly population. RESULTS: Within one year of hospital discharge, readmission to hospital and @entity204 , respectively, occurred following 67.4% and 35.8% of hospitalizations for @entity712 , 49.9% and 25.1% for @entity583 , and 55.6% and 31.1% for @entity55 . Risk of first readmission had declined 50% by day 38 after hospitalization for @entity712 , day 13 after hospitalization for @entity583 , and day 25 after hospitalization for @entity55 ; risk of @entity204 declined 50% by day 11, 6, and 10, respectively. Daily change in risk of first readmission to hospital declined 95% by day 45, 38, and 45; daily change in risk of @entity204 declined 95% by day 21, 19, and 21. After hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or @entity55 , the magnitude of the relative risk for hospital admission over the first 90 days was 8, 6, and 6 times greater than that of the general older population; the relative risk of @entity204 was 11, 8, and 10 times greater. CONCLUSIONS: Risk declines slowly for older @entity1 after hospitalization for @entity712 , @entity583 , or @entity55 and is increased for months. Specific risk trajectories vary by discharge diagnosis and outcome. @entity1 should remain vigilant for deterioration in health for an extended time after discharge. Health providers can use knowledge of absolute risks and their changes over time to better align interventions designed to reduce adverse outcomes after discharge with the highest risk periods for @entity1 .

title: Trajectories of risk after hospitalization for @entity712 , XXXX , or @entity55 : retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: AIM: This study compared the placental expression of the @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) enzyme, which is thought to play a key role in the penetration of trophoblastic cells, in third-trimester @entity8052 ( @entity8052 ) @entity1 with that of @entity1 with normal pregnancies. METHODS: Twenty-five pregnant subjects who underwent cesarean section due to @entity8052 and 25 term pregnant subjects who underwent cesarean section for obstetric reasons were included in the study. Demographic data, pathology reports, and histopathological samples were examined. Blocks containing samples of placenta underwent immunohistochemical analysis using the @entity1476 antibody. Immunohistochemical expression of placental samples obtained from both groups was examined and compared. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the demographic data (P   >   0.05). With regard to immunohistochemistry, cytoplasmic staining of trophoblastic cells was considered immunohistochemically positive. In the @entity8052 tissue samples, positive @entity1476 staining was detected as follows: 0 immunoreactivity, one @entity1 (4%); 1(+), six @entity1 (24%); 2(+), seven @entity1 (28%); and 3(+), 11 @entity1 (44%). In the term pregnant placental tissue samples, positive @entity1476 staining was detected in five @entity1 (20%) at 0 immunoreactivity, 12 (48%) at 1(+) immunoreactivity, five (20%) at 2(+) immunoreactivity, and three @entity1 (12%) at 3(+) immunoreactivity. Immunohistochemical expression was significantly different between the @entity8052 and normal term pregnancy placental tissues (P   =   0.02). CONCLUSION: The stronger expression of the @entity1476 enzyme in the @entity8052 as compared to the normal placental tissue suggests that this enzyme may be an effective mediator in the pathogenesis of @entity8052 .

title: What is the role of XXXX in @entity8052 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta percreta', 'PP']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'MMP-2']

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2']


abstract: AIM: This study compared the placental expression of the @entity1476 ( @entity1476 ) enzyme, which is thought to play a key role in the penetration of trophoblastic cells, in third-trimester @entity8052 ( @entity8052 ) @entity1 with that of @entity1 with normal pregnancies. METHODS: Twenty-five pregnant subjects who underwent cesarean section due to @entity8052 and 25 term pregnant subjects who underwent cesarean section for obstetric reasons were included in the study. Demographic data, pathology reports, and histopathological samples were examined. Blocks containing samples of placenta underwent immunohistochemical analysis using the @entity1476 antibody. Immunohistochemical expression of placental samples obtained from both groups was examined and compared. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the demographic data (P   >   0.05). With regard to immunohistochemistry, cytoplasmic staining of trophoblastic cells was considered immunohistochemically positive. In the @entity8052 tissue samples, positive @entity1476 staining was detected as follows: 0 immunoreactivity, one @entity1 (4%); 1(+), six @entity1 (24%); 2(+), seven @entity1 (28%); and 3(+), 11 @entity1 (44%). In the term pregnant placental tissue samples, positive @entity1476 staining was detected in five @entity1 (20%) at 0 immunoreactivity, 12 (48%) at 1(+) immunoreactivity, five (20%) at 2(+) immunoreactivity, and three @entity1 (12%) at 3(+) immunoreactivity. Immunohistochemical expression was significantly different between the @entity8052 and normal term pregnancy placental tissues (P   =   0.02). CONCLUSION: The stronger expression of the @entity1476 enzyme in the @entity8052 as compared to the normal placental tissue suggests that this enzyme may be an effective mediator in the pathogenesis of @entity8052 .

title: What is the role of @entity1476 in XXXX ?

answer: @entity8052 :: (MESH:D010921,Disease) :: ['placenta percreta']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity141 is the main element of many pulp capping materials that are used to promote the regeneration of tertiary dentin, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that @entity141 increased the expression of the odontoblastic differentiation marker gene @entity25882 and promoted odontoblastic differentiation and mineralization of DPSCs, but inhibited ALP activity. @entity141 increases the expression of endogenous @entity1841 , which activates the @entity12208 /8 pathway and promotes the @entity7378 - @entity8087 and @entity8087 - @entity25882 interaction in DPSCs. Inhibition of @entity12208 /8 with @entity34846 partially blocked @entity8087 activity; however, inhibition of the @entity1841 receptor with @entity32968 nearly fully suppressed @entity8087 activity. These results indicate that @entity141 promotes cell differentiation mainly via @entity1841 -mediated Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways. We then determined that the phosphorylation level of @entity1366 , but not JNK or @entity3963 , was significantly increased as a result of @entity141 stimulation. Blockage of @entity1366 was found to inhibit @entity8087 activity, indicating that @entity141 triggers the @entity1366 pathway, which subsequently regulates @entity8087 activity. In addition, inhibition of @entity1366 differentially attenuated the phosphorylation levels of @entity12208 /8 and @entity14877 . Collectively, this study demonstrates that @entity141 activates the @entity1841 -mediated @entity12208 /8 and @entity1366 pathways in DPSCs and that @entity12208 /8 and @entity1366 signaling converge at @entity8087 to control the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Extracellular @entity141 Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Via @entity1841 -Mediated XXXX /8 and @entity1366 Pathways.

entities_list: @entity34846 :: ('MESH:C516138', 'Chemical') :: ['dorsomorphin']

answer: @entity12208 :: (4086;4090,Gene) :: ['Smad1/5']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity141 is the main element of many pulp capping materials that are used to promote the regeneration of tertiary dentin, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that @entity141 increased the expression of the odontoblastic differentiation marker gene @entity25882 and promoted odontoblastic differentiation and mineralization of DPSCs, but inhibited ALP activity. @entity141 increases the expression of endogenous @entity1841 , which activates the @entity12208 /8 pathway and promotes the @entity7378 - @entity8087 and @entity8087 - @entity25882 interaction in DPSCs. Inhibition of @entity12208 /8 with @entity34846 partially blocked @entity8087 activity; however, inhibition of the @entity1841 receptor with @entity32968 nearly fully suppressed @entity8087 activity. These results indicate that @entity141 promotes cell differentiation mainly via @entity1841 -mediated Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways. We then determined that the phosphorylation level of @entity1366 , but not JNK or @entity3963 , was significantly increased as a result of @entity141 stimulation. Blockage of @entity1366 was found to inhibit @entity8087 activity, indicating that @entity141 triggers the @entity1366 pathway, which subsequently regulates @entity8087 activity. In addition, inhibition of @entity1366 differentially attenuated the phosphorylation levels of @entity12208 /8 and @entity14877 . Collectively, this study demonstrates that @entity141 activates the @entity1841 -mediated @entity12208 /8 and @entity1366 pathways in DPSCs and that @entity12208 /8 and @entity1366 signaling converge at @entity8087 to control the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Extracellular XXXX Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Via @entity1841 -Mediated @entity12208 /8 and @entity1366 Pathways.

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity141 is the main element of many pulp capping materials that are used to promote the regeneration of tertiary dentin, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that @entity141 increased the expression of the odontoblastic differentiation marker gene @entity25882 and promoted odontoblastic differentiation and mineralization of DPSCs, but inhibited ALP activity. @entity141 increases the expression of endogenous @entity1841 , which activates the @entity12208 /8 pathway and promotes the @entity7378 - @entity8087 and @entity8087 - @entity25882 interaction in DPSCs. Inhibition of @entity12208 /8 with @entity34846 partially blocked @entity8087 activity; however, inhibition of the @entity1841 receptor with @entity32968 nearly fully suppressed @entity8087 activity. These results indicate that @entity141 promotes cell differentiation mainly via @entity1841 -mediated Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways. We then determined that the phosphorylation level of @entity1366 , but not JNK or @entity3963 , was significantly increased as a result of @entity141 stimulation. Blockage of @entity1366 was found to inhibit @entity8087 activity, indicating that @entity141 triggers the @entity1366 pathway, which subsequently regulates @entity8087 activity. In addition, inhibition of @entity1366 differentially attenuated the phosphorylation levels of @entity12208 /8 and @entity14877 . Collectively, this study demonstrates that @entity141 activates the @entity1841 -mediated @entity12208 /8 and @entity1366 pathways in DPSCs and that @entity12208 /8 and @entity1366 signaling converge at @entity8087 to control the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Extracellular @entity141 Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Via @entity1841 -Mediated @entity12208 /8 and XXXX Pathways.

answer: @entity1366 :: (5595;5594,Gene) :: ['Erk1/2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity141 is the main element of many pulp capping materials that are used to promote the regeneration of tertiary dentin, but the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that @entity141 increased the expression of the odontoblastic differentiation marker gene @entity25882 and promoted odontoblastic differentiation and mineralization of DPSCs, but inhibited ALP activity. @entity141 increases the expression of endogenous @entity1841 , which activates the @entity12208 /8 pathway and promotes the @entity7378 - @entity8087 and @entity8087 - @entity25882 interaction in DPSCs. Inhibition of @entity12208 /8 with @entity34846 partially blocked @entity8087 activity; however, inhibition of the @entity1841 receptor with @entity32968 nearly fully suppressed @entity8087 activity. These results indicate that @entity141 promotes cell differentiation mainly via @entity1841 -mediated Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways. We then determined that the phosphorylation level of @entity1366 , but not JNK or @entity3963 , was significantly increased as a result of @entity141 stimulation. Blockage of @entity1366 was found to inhibit @entity8087 activity, indicating that @entity141 triggers the @entity1366 pathway, which subsequently regulates @entity8087 activity. In addition, inhibition of @entity1366 differentially attenuated the phosphorylation levels of @entity12208 /8 and @entity14877 . Collectively, this study demonstrates that @entity141 activates the @entity1841 -mediated @entity12208 /8 and @entity1366 pathways in DPSCs and that @entity12208 /8 and @entity1366 signaling converge at @entity8087 to control the odontoblastic differentiation of DPSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Extracellular @entity141 Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Via XXXX -Mediated @entity12208 /8 and @entity1366 Pathways.

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['BMP2']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite surgical reattachment of retinal layers, postoperative functional outcomes after @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ) may be limited. This can be explained by microstructural changes in the macula inherent to the pathology itself as well as the surgery. PURPOSE: To evaluate the various changes in the macula by @entity6653 pre- and postoperatively, and correlate them with functional and clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1713 . To establish pre- and postoperative prognostic factors. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 50 eyes of 50 @entity1 operated for RDD. Each @entity1 underwent a complete clinical examination and macular @entity6653 using the Heidelberg Spectralis; preoperatively and then successively at 7 days, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after @entity1713 surgery. RESULTS: Preoperative tomographic results revealed an average height of submacular fluid of 742  345 m. Ninety-six percent of @entity1 exhibited thickening of photoreceptor outer segments (PROS), 62% an outer layer undulation, 60% cystic cavities in the outer and/or inner nuclear layers (ONL, INL), 36% disruptions of the external limiting membrane (ELM) and 64% disruption of the IS/OS junction. Postoperatively, 24% of @entity1 had persistent submacular fluid. The average thickness of the central fovea, the ONL, the IS/OS junction and the PROS were 172  51.3 m, 88.4  30.9 m, 11.36  5.4 m and 19.54  13.1 m respectively. Postoperative disruptions of the ELM, the IS/OS junction and Verhoeff's membrane (VM) were present in 24%, 60% and 82% of @entity1 respectively. The preoperative tomographic risk factors for poor visual outcome were: submacular fluid height>800 m (P<0.001), disruptions of the MLE and/or IS/OS junction (P<0.001), as well as cystic cavities in the @entity32609 and/or INL (P=0.002). Postoperative risk factors were: thinning of the fovea ( <=250 m), central fovea ( <=160 m), ONL ( <=90 m), IS/OS junction ( <= 10 m) and PROS ( <=18 m) layers (P<0.001), as well as a discontinuous or absent appearance of the ELM (P<0.001), IS/OS junction (P<0.001) and VM (P=0.006). CONCLUSION: Spectral domain @entity6653 allows detection of specific microscopic, quasi-histologic macular changes in @entity1713 . These anomalies could be predictive of final postoperative visual outcome.

title: [Macula analysis by spectral domain XXXX in @entity1713 surgery.]

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['RRD', 'rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity6653 :: (5362,Gene) :: ['OCT']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite surgical reattachment of retinal layers, postoperative functional outcomes after @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ) may be limited. This can be explained by microstructural changes in the macula inherent to the pathology itself as well as the surgery. PURPOSE: To evaluate the various changes in the macula by @entity6653 pre- and postoperatively, and correlate them with functional and clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity1713 . To establish pre- and postoperative prognostic factors. METHODS: This was a prospective study of 50 eyes of 50 @entity1 operated for RDD. Each @entity1 underwent a complete clinical examination and macular @entity6653 using the Heidelberg Spectralis; preoperatively and then successively at 7 days, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after @entity1713 surgery. RESULTS: Preoperative tomographic results revealed an average height of submacular fluid of 742  345 m. Ninety-six percent of @entity1 exhibited thickening of photoreceptor outer segments (PROS), 62% an outer layer undulation, 60% cystic cavities in the outer and/or inner nuclear layers (ONL, INL), 36% disruptions of the external limiting membrane (ELM) and 64% disruption of the IS/OS junction. Postoperatively, 24% of @entity1 had persistent submacular fluid. The average thickness of the central fovea, the ONL, the IS/OS junction and the PROS were 172  51.3 m, 88.4  30.9 m, 11.36  5.4 m and 19.54  13.1 m respectively. Postoperative disruptions of the ELM, the IS/OS junction and Verhoeff's membrane (VM) were present in 24%, 60% and 82% of @entity1 respectively. The preoperative tomographic risk factors for poor visual outcome were: submacular fluid height>800 m (P<0.001), disruptions of the MLE and/or IS/OS junction (P<0.001), as well as cystic cavities in the @entity32609 and/or INL (P=0.002). Postoperative risk factors were: thinning of the fovea ( <=250 m), central fovea ( <=160 m), ONL ( <=90 m), IS/OS junction ( <= 10 m) and PROS ( <=18 m) layers (P<0.001), as well as a discontinuous or absent appearance of the ELM (P<0.001), IS/OS junction (P<0.001) and VM (P=0.006). CONCLUSION: Spectral domain @entity6653 allows detection of specific microscopic, quasi-histologic macular changes in @entity1713 . These anomalies could be predictive of final postoperative visual outcome.

title: [Macula analysis by spectral domain @entity6653 in XXXX surgery.]

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']


abstract: In @entity840 , the oral and subcutaneous LD50 values were very similar (cf. 0,173 mg/kg over 48 h with 0,116 mg/kg over 24 and 48 h). When dosed subcutaneously, a cumulative effect was observed. Intravenous administration of @entity71904 to anaesthetized @entity840 resulted in: dyspnoea, @entity101 , and electrocardiagraphic changes typical of @entity299 . A positive cardiac inotropic effect was succeeded by a positive chronotropic one. In @entity742 , acute and subacute intoxication resulted in ruminal, respiratory and cardiac changes. The signs included @entity3685 , @entity848 , @entity943 , @entity4785 , followed by @entity551 and progressive respiratory and @entity712 . The skeletal muscles were affected in only 1 @entity742 vide infra. In chronically intoxicated @entity742 typical clinical signs of "krimpsiekte" developed, e.g. weakness, reluctance to stand, unsteadiness on feet, @entity400 and paresis of hindquarter muscles, paresis of the neck, arching of the back and standing with the feet close together. Respiratory function was affected in all 3 cases; @entity3685 , with concomitant @entity1277 occurring in one, and a transient change in heart function in another. The syndrome induced by acute @entity71904 poisoning is similar to that of other cardiac glycosides, but the paretic signs of @entity988 resemble "krimpsiekte", a disease associated only with intoxication with the plants of the family Crassulaceae.

title: Studies on South African cardiac glycosides. II. Observations on the clinical and haemodynamic effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity71904 :: ('MESH:C038322', 'Chemical') :: ['cotyledoside']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased heart rates and blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic foci and AV dissociation']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic intoxication']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3685 :: ('MESH:D019959', 'Disease') :: ['ruminal stasis']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac glycoside poisoning']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity71904 :: (MESH:C038322,Chemical) :: ['cotyledoside']


abstract: The causes of @entity417 and immunosuppression, major outcomes of @entity311 , are not well established. This study was undertaken to investigate whether @entity14190 ( @entity14190 ) production is adequate and whether the hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) were affected during the course of @entity281 . Groups of female Balb/c @entity19 infected with @entity21552 vinckei vinckei, @entity2637 , or @entity21552 adami were exposed to five hours of simulated altitude equivalent to 22,000 ft. Plasma samples were collected for @entity14190 bioassay and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Using radioiron incorporation as an index of erythropoiesis, differences in response to @entity281 with different species of plasmodia were observed. In general, decreases in erythropoietic activity were observed in bone marrow and spleen as the @entity281 progressed and continued to be @entity308 after apparent resolution of a nonlethal @entity281 with @entity21552 adami. Marrow from infected and control femurs were tested for CFU-S content using the spleen colony assay. The cellularity and CFU-S content of the femoral marrow decrease as the @entity5895 increases. All three species of plasmodia stimulate @entity14190 production during peak @entity5895 , indicating that adequate amounts of @entity14190 are available to the erythron during @entity281 . Depletion of CFU-S and probable lack of compensatory turnover of CFU-S may contribute to the disease characteristics of @entity311 .

title: @entity19 XXXX decreases hemopoietic stem cells.

entities_list: @entity21552 :: ('5825', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium', 'Plasmodium chabaudi', 'P. chabaudi']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'malarial infection']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia', 'parasitemias']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: The causes of @entity417 and immunosuppression, major outcomes of @entity311 , are not well established. This study was undertaken to investigate whether @entity14190 ( @entity14190 ) production is adequate and whether the hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) were affected during the course of @entity281 . Groups of female Balb/c @entity19 infected with @entity21552 vinckei vinckei, @entity2637 , or @entity21552 adami were exposed to five hours of simulated altitude equivalent to 22,000 ft. Plasma samples were collected for @entity14190 bioassay and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Using radioiron incorporation as an index of erythropoiesis, differences in response to @entity281 with different species of plasmodia were observed. In general, decreases in erythropoietic activity were observed in bone marrow and spleen as the @entity281 progressed and continued to be @entity308 after apparent resolution of a nonlethal @entity281 with @entity21552 adami. Marrow from infected and control femurs were tested for CFU-S content using the spleen colony assay. The cellularity and CFU-S content of the femoral marrow decrease as the @entity5895 increases. All three species of plasmodia stimulate @entity14190 production during peak @entity5895 , indicating that adequate amounts of @entity14190 are available to the erythron during @entity281 . Depletion of CFU-S and probable lack of compensatory turnover of CFU-S may contribute to the disease characteristics of @entity311 .

title: XXXX @entity311 decreases hemopoietic stem cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: First experiences with laparoscopic low anterior resection with transanal mesorectal excision in @entity1 with low and mid @entity5 are referred. METHODS: During a 9 month period (between October 2013 and May 2014), 17 laparoscopically assisted rectal resections with transanal total mesorectal excision, hand-sewn colo-anal @entity254 and protective ileostomy were performed at two institutions (CHK FN Brno, CHO KOC Nov   Ji    n). There were 11 males and 6 females, with a mean age 68 years (range 49-81 years) in our cohort. The @entity5 was located 30-80mm from the anal verge (median 60 mm). RESULTS: A negative distal resection margin was achieved in all @entity1 . The circumferential resection margin was positive in two cases. The TME quality was described as complete in 8 cases and nearly complete in 9 cases. Mean operative time was 280 min (range 212-375 min) with no intra-operative complications. @entity834 was observed in two @entity1 (12%). Median length of postoperative hospital stay was 9 days with a range of 6-30 days, in case of @entity532 . CONCLUSION: According to our first experience we evaluated this method as feasible and safe with satisfactory pathological outcomes. We cannot recommend exact indications yet. It is assumed that the transanal approach for total mesorectal excision should be indicated in @entity28 @entity1 with a narrow pelvis and voluminous prostate.Key words: total mesorectal excision transanal minimally invasive surgery.

title: [Transanal total mesorectal excision for XXXX - first results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic and wound complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['low rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transanal @entity6713 , although it showed reliability, has not completely removed the issue of @entity282 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated the causes of @entity282 and proposed some changes of the technique in order to eliminate it. @entity1 : One hundred six out of 188 operated @entity1 were considered. @entity282 was investigated using a Visual Analogue Score dividing @entity1 into three groups: 0 to 3, 4 to 6, and 7 to 10. On the basis of these results, we proposed some variations of the technique. A second group of 25 @entity1 was therefore treated with the modified technique. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Fisher's exact test, two-tailed. MAIN OUTCOME: @entity158 intensity, surgical approach, and changes in the technique were analyzed, and a new proposal for a modified technique has been developed. RESULTS: The group of 106 @entity1 , 64 males and 42 females, were divided: 71 III grade and 35 IV grade. @entity158 was detected in 37 cases (35  %).Fifteen males (23.50  %) were divided as follows: 8 mild and 7 medium or intense. Twenty-two females (52.38  %) were divided as follows: 11 mild and 11 with medium or intense. For what concerns the variable grade, the @entity158 was present in 15 III G and 22 IV G with statistic significant difference (p value 0.00333). Among the 18 @entity1 (7 males and 11 females) who had severe @entity158 , they all had a number of mucopexies >4, while among 19 @entity1 (8 males and 11 females) with mild @entity158 , only 5 had a number of mucopexies >4, resulting in a statistic significant difference (p value 0.031). In the second group, @entity158 was drastically reduced. LIMITATIONS: We believe it is necessary to extend the sample in order to definitively adopt the proposed amendments. CONCLUSIONS: The review of the causes of @entity282 and the changes adopted compared with those proposed in literature have allowed us to greatly reduce @entity282 .

title: Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation with hemorrhoidopexy: source and prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoidal dearterialization']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: Since the description of the association of HLA-B8 antigen with @entity1593 , it has been confirmed by many authors. The incidence of HLA-B8 antigen is higher in adults and @entity1 when it is compared to apparently healthy controls. Some authors found a reduction on the incidence of HLA-B7 antigen and others suggested that a higher incidence of HLA-B12 antigen in @entity1 HLA-B8 antigen negative, is associated with @entity1593 . We studied 19 unrelated @entity1 with @entity1593 and 64 controls. Their ages range from 18 months to 18 years old, onset of the disease was during childhood. We determined twelve antigens of the @entity1529 locus and thirteen antigens of the @entity1530 locus. We used the NIH Microlymphocytotoxicity Technique. The degree of association was computed by the relative risk and the results were statistically evaluated by the X2. The statistically significant increase in frequency was shown only for HLA-A29 The results did not show neither the higher incidence for HLA-B8 found by other authors, nor the higher incidence for HLA-B12; however HLA-B7 was not detected in our @entity1 . The final decision on the association of HLA-A29 antigen with @entity1593 in our population will require examination of a broader panel of probands.

title: [ XXXX and HLA in a hospital population of Uruguay].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['Celiac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 is a common condition, and a common complaint leading @entity1 to @entity341 ( @entity341 ). There have been a number of studies of the effect of environmental factors on @entity10 , such as weather and air pollutants. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included data on daily @entity341 visits with a chief complaint of @entity10 in Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) during 2002-2012. Data on weather and air pollutants were obtained from monitor station in Be'er-Sheva. To estimate the short-term effects of air pollution and temperature on number of @entity2794 visits, we applied generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). RESULTS: A total of 22,021 @entity341 visits were included in the analysis. An increase in 5    in temperature was associated with an increase in @entity341 visits, relative risk (RR)   =   1.042, (95% CI 1.009; 1.076). RR for @entity10 was associated with an increase in 10 units of @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ), RR   =   1.110 (95% CI 1.057; 1.167), with a higher effect for older @entity1 . DISCUSSION: The current findings give evidence of an association between air pollution, weather and @entity341 visits for @entity10 , especially for @entity6836 . Short-term increases in air pollution exposure may trigger @entity10 by @entity55 , increasing @entity1003 or altering endothelial function.

title: Ambient air pollution, weather and daily emergency department visits for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['increasing pulmonary and systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency departments']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulability']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['daily headache ED']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: This report describes a phase II Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) study of high-dose lymphoblastoid interferon ( @entity3027 -n1) in 39 @entity1 with measurable, advanced @entity1358 . The original treatment plan was 30 X 10(6) units/m2 (30 mU) of @entity3027 -n1 im daily X 10 days; treatments were repeated every 21 days. This dose and schedule proved intolerable, with none of seven @entity1 able to complete greater than 10 days of therapy because of fever, lassitude, @entity409 , and myelosuppression. @entity1 were subsequently treated with the following regimen: 3 mU/m2 on Day 1; 5 mU/m2 on Day 2; 10 mU/m2 on Day 3; and 20 mU/m2 on Days 4-10. Thirty-three new @entity1 received this regimen and two @entity1 received this schedule after having received 30 mU/m2. Using this second regimen, 30% of the @entity1 were able to complete two cycles of treatment without dose reduction or interruption. Five @entity1 (13%) had partial response (ECOG criteria) of measurable @entity5 . Median time to response was 140 days. Responses were documented in lung metastases in four @entity1 and in a pelvic soft tissue mass in the fifth. Response rates and survival times are similar to those seen in prior ECOG phase II trials in advanced @entity1358 . Eight of 39 @entity1 are still alive greater than 2 years after beginning therapy. Only two of these @entity1 had had an objective response, however. Such prolonged survival is more frequent than has been seen in previous ECOG studies. The relative contribution of @entity1 selection and interferon therapy to this survival is uncertain.

title: High-dose lymphoblastoid interferon in advanced XXXX : an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In-room cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging and adaptive treatment strategies are promising methods to decrease target volumes and to spare organs at risk. The aim of this work was to analyze the inter-observer contouring uncertainties of target volumes and organs at risks (oars) in localized @entity263 radiotherapy using CBCT images. Furthermore, CBCT contouring was benchmarked against other image modalities (CT, MR) and the influence of subjective image quality perception on inter-observer variability was assessed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eight @entity263 @entity1 were selected. Seven radiation oncologists contoured target volumes and oars on CT, MRI and CBCT. Volumes, coefficient of variation (COV), conformity index (cigen), and coordinates of center-of-mass (COM) were calculated for each @entity1 and image modality. Reliability analysis was performed for the support of the reported findings. Subjective perception of image quality was assessed via a ten-scored visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: The median volume for prostate was larger on CT compared to MRI and CBCT images. The inter-observer variation for prostate was larger on CBCT (CIgen=0.57  0.09, 0.61 reliability) compared to CT (CIgen=0.72  0.07, 0.83 reliability) and MRI (CIgen=0.66  0.12, 0.87 reliability). On all image modalities values of the intra-observer reliability coefficient (0.97 for CT, 0.99 for MR and 0.94 for CBCT) indicated high reproducibility of results. For all @entity1 the root mean square (RMS) of the inter-observer standard deviation (  ) of the COM was largest on CBCT with   (x)=0.4 mm,   (y)=1.1 mm, and   (z)=1.7 mm. The concordance in delineating OARs was much stronger than for target volumes, with average CIgen>0.70 for rectum and CIgen>0.80 for bladder. Positive correlations between CIgen and VAS score of the image quality were observed for the prostate, seminal vesicles and rectum. CONCLUSIONS: Inter-observer variability for target volume delineation in @entity263 is larger for CBCT-based contouring compared to CT and MRI. This factor of influence needs to be considered when defining safety margins for CBCT-based Adaptive Radiotherapy (ART).

title: Feasibility of CBCT-based target and normal structure delineation in XXXX radiotherapy: multi-observer and image multi-modality study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: One hundred and fifty four @entity1 with a displaced subcapital @entity174 of the neck of the femur were treated by primary replacement with a cemented Thompson prosthesis. The average age of the @entity1 was 74.8 years and most had evidence of @entity66 . Two @entity1 had the procedure performed on both sides. The operation was carried out through an antero-lateral approach. Mobilisation began on the day following operation and @entity1 were encouraged to walk on the fifth day. No dislocations were seen. The important early complications were not at the site of operation but were secondary to associated diseases. Following early unrestricted weight bearing 111 @entity1 (71.1%) were discharged within three weeks of the operation. Twenty three (14.7%) died during the six weeks following the procedure. At follow up between one and seven years after operation (mean 3.9 years), fifty @entity1 had died, but of the 63 survivors contacted 78% had a good to excellent result whilst only 5% were classified as poor.

title: The Thompson prosthesis in the treatment of subcapital XXXX of the neck of the femur.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['generalised disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Intussusception is a very rare cause of @entity1321 in neonates. It is of extremely rare occurrence among premature neonates. We present a case of 11-day-old @entity4837 who presented with abdominal distension, intolerance to feeds, @entity391 , significant bilious aspirate and bleeding per rectum. The initial diagnosis of @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ) led to a delay in the diagnosis. On exploratory laparotomy, it turned out to be a case of ileo-colic intussusception with @entity8529 as a lead point. This site of intussusception (ileo-colic) and presence of a lead point among @entity4837 is of exceedingly rare occurrence and very few such cases have been reported. In this article, the published work about clinical features and management on intussusceptions in premature neonates has been reviewed. The authors intend to highlight the difficulty in distinguishing the @entity3166 and intussusception. Subtle clinical and radiological features which can help in differentiating the two conditions have been emphasized. This can avoid the delay in diagnosis and management which can prove critical. High index of suspicion with timely intervention is the key for optimizing outcome. A diagnosis of intussusception should always be considered in any preterm @entity1 with suspected @entity3166 .

title: Intussusception in a XXXX : A rare and often misdiagnosed clinical entity.

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['premature neonate']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity8529 :: ('MESH:D008467', 'Disease') :: ["Meckel's diverticulum"]

answer: @entity4837 :: (MESH:D007567,Disease) :: ['premature neonate']


abstract: Complex neurologic phenotypes are inherently difficult to diagnose. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is a new tool in the neurologist's diagnostic armamentarium. Whole-exome sequencing can be applied to investigate the "diagnostic odyssey" cases. These cases involve @entity1 with @entity395 that likely have a genetic etiology but have failed to be diagnosed by clinical evaluation and targeted gene testing. We describe such a case, a 22-year-old @entity1 who had mild @entity717 and episodes of @entity2055 that affected his whole body. He underwent numerous multidisciplinary and multicentric evaluations throughout his life that failed to establish a clear diagnosis. Following his visit to Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, WES was applied for genetic determination of the unknown disorder in the proband and his biological parents and sister. Additional clinical evaluation, magnetic resonance neuroimaging, electromyography, and electroencephalography of the proband were performed to verify the phenotype after the WES results were available. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the application of WES to facilitate the diagnosis of @entity19699 . This case illustrates that WES supported by clinical data is a useful and time-saving tool in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity74 .

title: Whole-exome sequencing as a diagnostic tool in a family with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity19699 :: ('MESH:C564697', 'Disease') :: ['episodic ataxia type 1']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['rare and complex hereditary disorders']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual developmental disability']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['jerking ataxic movements']

answer: @entity19699 :: (MESH:C564697,Disease) :: ['episodic ataxia type 1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The accurate noninvasive assessment of preload in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 remains elusive. Point-of-care ultrasound (US) imaging, particularly evaluation of the inferior vena cava (IVC), has been shown to be qualitatively helpful. Doppler and tissue Doppler are now routinely available on @entity341 US equipment, but few studies have looked at the correlation of dynamic changes in these parameters in a controlled model of @entity3485 . Our objective was to examine the correlation of Doppler parameters to simulated @entity393 in healthy subjects using a lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) model and to compare these measurements to commonly used IVC measurements of preload. METHODS: Twelve paid volunteers with no known @entity65 between the ages of 23 and 31 years old (mean    SD = 25.5    2.5 years old) were recruited. @entity3485 was simulated using graduated LBNP levels with measurements taken at 0, -30, and -60 mm Hg and lower pressures as tolerated. Vital signs were monitored in all @entity1 . US measurements recorded at each negative pressure level included IVC maximum (IVC(max)) and minimum (IVC(min)) dimensions; early (E) and late (A) transmitral filling velocities using pulsed-wave spectral Doppler; and early (E') and late (A') tissue Doppler velocities at the septal ((sep)) and lateral ((lat)) mitral annulus, using pulsed-wave tissue Doppler. RESULTS: Lower-body negative pressure correlated significantly and positively within subjects for all US parameters except for the A filling wave. E'(lat) and E'(sep) showed the strongest correlation with R   values of 0.749 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.577 to 0.854) and 0.738 (95% CI = 0.579 to 0.875) respectively, followed by A'(sep) 0.674 (95% CI = 0.416 to 0.845), IVC(max) 0.638 (95% CI = 0.425 to 0.806), A'(lat) 0.547 (95% CI = 0.280 to 0.802), IVC(min) 0.512 (95% CI = 0.192 to 0.777), and E 0.478 (95% CI = 0.187 to 0.762). Ratios correlated only moderately with LBNP level, including E/ E'(lat) R   of 0.430 (95% CI = 0.131 to 0.706), E/ E'(sep) 0.416 (95% CI = 0.183 to 0.686), and IVC collapsibility index (IVC(CI)) 0.201 (95% CI = 0.003 to 0.681). Vital signs, including heart rate and blood pressure, did not vary significantly with LBNP levels. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study of healthy subjects, tissue Doppler assessment of early diastolic filling correlated most strongly with simulated @entity3485 .

title: Tissue Doppler of early mitral filling correlates with simulated XXXX in healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['Hypovolemia', 'hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['volume loss']


abstract: Purpose. To evaluate the relationship between the expression of orbital tissue mRNA for @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 / @entity7938 / @entity2937 , and @entity2936 / @entity2936 and the severity of @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ). Material and Methods. Orbital tissue was obtained from 26 @entity1 with @entity2743 , with mild (n = 6) or severe @entity2743 (n = 20), and 7 healthy controls. The expression of mRNA of @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 / @entity7938 / @entity2937 , @entity2936 / @entity11603 was measured by RT-PCR. TCR and CD3 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results. Higher mRNA for @entity403 (relative expression: 1.4) and @entity2936 (1.27) and lower expression of @entity4386 (0.61) were found in the @entity2743 tissues versus controls. In severe @entity2743 as compared to mild @entity2743 higher mRNA expression for @entity403 (1.35) and @entity2936 (1.4) and lower expression for @entity4386 (0.78), @entity1361 (0.62), and @entity11603 (0.56) were found. A positive correlation was found between @entity403 mRNA and CD3 infiltration (R = 0.796, P = 0.0000001). Conclusions. The enhanced @entity403 mRNA expression in @entity2743 samples may suggest the dysfunction of @entity403 cells in the severe @entity2743 . The diminished mRNA expression of @entity4386 in severe @entity2743 may indicate inadequate T regulatory function. The enhanced mRNA expression of @entity2936 in severe @entity2743 and negative correlation to @entity1851 mRNA may suggest their role in the active and inactive @entity2743 .

title: Disturbances of Modulating Molecules ( @entity403 , XXXX / @entity1361 /B7, and @entity2936 / @entity11603 ) mRNA Expressions in the Orbital Tissue from @entity1 with Severe Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['GO', "Graves' orbitopathy"]

answer: @entity4386 :: (1493,Gene) :: ['CTLA-4']


abstract: Purpose. To evaluate the relationship between the expression of orbital tissue mRNA for @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 / @entity7938 / @entity2937 , and @entity2936 / @entity2936 and the severity of @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ). Material and Methods. Orbital tissue was obtained from 26 @entity1 with @entity2743 , with mild (n = 6) or severe @entity2743 (n = 20), and 7 healthy controls. The expression of mRNA of @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 / @entity7938 / @entity2937 , @entity2936 / @entity11603 was measured by RT-PCR. TCR and CD3 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results. Higher mRNA for @entity403 (relative expression: 1.4) and @entity2936 (1.27) and lower expression of @entity4386 (0.61) were found in the @entity2743 tissues versus controls. In severe @entity2743 as compared to mild @entity2743 higher mRNA expression for @entity403 (1.35) and @entity2936 (1.4) and lower expression for @entity4386 (0.78), @entity1361 (0.62), and @entity11603 (0.56) were found. A positive correlation was found between @entity403 mRNA and CD3 infiltration (R = 0.796, P = 0.0000001). Conclusions. The enhanced @entity403 mRNA expression in @entity2743 samples may suggest the dysfunction of @entity403 cells in the severe @entity2743 . The diminished mRNA expression of @entity4386 in severe @entity2743 may indicate inadequate T regulatory function. The enhanced mRNA expression of @entity2936 in severe @entity2743 and negative correlation to @entity1851 mRNA may suggest their role in the active and inactive @entity2743 .

title: Disturbances of Modulating Molecules ( @entity403 , @entity4386 / XXXX /B7, and @entity2936 / @entity11603 ) mRNA Expressions in the Orbital Tissue from @entity1 with Severe Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

answer: @entity1361 :: (940,Gene) :: ['CD28']


abstract: Purpose. To evaluate the relationship between the expression of orbital tissue mRNA for @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 / @entity7938 / @entity2937 , and @entity2936 / @entity2936 and the severity of @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ). Material and Methods. Orbital tissue was obtained from 26 @entity1 with @entity2743 , with mild (n = 6) or severe @entity2743 (n = 20), and 7 healthy controls. The expression of mRNA of @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 / @entity7938 / @entity2937 , @entity2936 / @entity11603 was measured by RT-PCR. TCR and CD3 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results. Higher mRNA for @entity403 (relative expression: 1.4) and @entity2936 (1.27) and lower expression of @entity4386 (0.61) were found in the @entity2743 tissues versus controls. In severe @entity2743 as compared to mild @entity2743 higher mRNA expression for @entity403 (1.35) and @entity2936 (1.4) and lower expression for @entity4386 (0.78), @entity1361 (0.62), and @entity11603 (0.56) were found. A positive correlation was found between @entity403 mRNA and CD3 infiltration (R = 0.796, P = 0.0000001). Conclusions. The enhanced @entity403 mRNA expression in @entity2743 samples may suggest the dysfunction of @entity403 cells in the severe @entity2743 . The diminished mRNA expression of @entity4386 in severe @entity2743 may indicate inadequate T regulatory function. The enhanced mRNA expression of @entity2936 in severe @entity2743 and negative correlation to @entity1851 mRNA may suggest their role in the active and inactive @entity2743 .

title: Disturbances of Modulating Molecules ( XXXX , @entity4386 / @entity1361 /B7, and @entity2936 / @entity11603 ) mRNA Expressions in the Orbital Tissue from @entity1 with Severe Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

answer: @entity403 :: (50943,Gene) :: ['FOXP3']


abstract: Purpose. To evaluate the relationship between the expression of orbital tissue mRNA for @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 / @entity7938 / @entity2937 , and @entity2936 / @entity2936 and the severity of @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ). Material and Methods. Orbital tissue was obtained from 26 @entity1 with @entity2743 , with mild (n = 6) or severe @entity2743 (n = 20), and 7 healthy controls. The expression of mRNA of @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 / @entity7938 / @entity2937 , @entity2936 / @entity11603 was measured by RT-PCR. TCR and CD3 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results. Higher mRNA for @entity403 (relative expression: 1.4) and @entity2936 (1.27) and lower expression of @entity4386 (0.61) were found in the @entity2743 tissues versus controls. In severe @entity2743 as compared to mild @entity2743 higher mRNA expression for @entity403 (1.35) and @entity2936 (1.4) and lower expression for @entity4386 (0.78), @entity1361 (0.62), and @entity11603 (0.56) were found. A positive correlation was found between @entity403 mRNA and CD3 infiltration (R = 0.796, P = 0.0000001). Conclusions. The enhanced @entity403 mRNA expression in @entity2743 samples may suggest the dysfunction of @entity403 cells in the severe @entity2743 . The diminished mRNA expression of @entity4386 in severe @entity2743 may indicate inadequate T regulatory function. The enhanced mRNA expression of @entity2936 in severe @entity2743 and negative correlation to @entity1851 mRNA may suggest their role in the active and inactive @entity2743 .

title: Disturbances of Modulating Molecules ( @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 /B7, and XXXX / @entity11603 ) mRNA Expressions in the Orbital Tissue from @entity1 with Severe Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

answer: @entity2936 :: (958,Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: Purpose. To evaluate the relationship between the expression of orbital tissue mRNA for @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 / @entity7938 / @entity2937 , and @entity2936 / @entity2936 and the severity of @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ). Material and Methods. Orbital tissue was obtained from 26 @entity1 with @entity2743 , with mild (n = 6) or severe @entity2743 (n = 20), and 7 healthy controls. The expression of mRNA of @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 / @entity7938 / @entity2937 , @entity2936 / @entity11603 was measured by RT-PCR. TCR and CD3 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results. Higher mRNA for @entity403 (relative expression: 1.4) and @entity2936 (1.27) and lower expression of @entity4386 (0.61) were found in the @entity2743 tissues versus controls. In severe @entity2743 as compared to mild @entity2743 higher mRNA expression for @entity403 (1.35) and @entity2936 (1.4) and lower expression for @entity4386 (0.78), @entity1361 (0.62), and @entity11603 (0.56) were found. A positive correlation was found between @entity403 mRNA and CD3 infiltration (R = 0.796, P = 0.0000001). Conclusions. The enhanced @entity403 mRNA expression in @entity2743 samples may suggest the dysfunction of @entity403 cells in the severe @entity2743 . The diminished mRNA expression of @entity4386 in severe @entity2743 may indicate inadequate T regulatory function. The enhanced mRNA expression of @entity2936 in severe @entity2743 and negative correlation to @entity1851 mRNA may suggest their role in the active and inactive @entity2743 .

title: Disturbances of Modulating Molecules ( @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 /B7, and @entity2936 / XXXX ) mRNA Expressions in the Orbital Tissue from @entity1 with Severe Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

answer: @entity11603 :: (959,Gene) :: ['CD40L']


abstract: Purpose. To evaluate the relationship between the expression of orbital tissue mRNA for @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 / @entity7938 / @entity2937 , and @entity2936 / @entity2936 and the severity of @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ). Material and Methods. Orbital tissue was obtained from 26 @entity1 with @entity2743 , with mild (n = 6) or severe @entity2743 (n = 20), and 7 healthy controls. The expression of mRNA of @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 / @entity7938 / @entity2937 , @entity2936 / @entity11603 was measured by RT-PCR. TCR and CD3 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results. Higher mRNA for @entity403 (relative expression: 1.4) and @entity2936 (1.27) and lower expression of @entity4386 (0.61) were found in the @entity2743 tissues versus controls. In severe @entity2743 as compared to mild @entity2743 higher mRNA expression for @entity403 (1.35) and @entity2936 (1.4) and lower expression for @entity4386 (0.78), @entity1361 (0.62), and @entity11603 (0.56) were found. A positive correlation was found between @entity403 mRNA and CD3 infiltration (R = 0.796, P = 0.0000001). Conclusions. The enhanced @entity403 mRNA expression in @entity2743 samples may suggest the dysfunction of @entity403 cells in the severe @entity2743 . The diminished mRNA expression of @entity4386 in severe @entity2743 may indicate inadequate T regulatory function. The enhanced mRNA expression of @entity2936 in severe @entity2743 and negative correlation to @entity1851 mRNA may suggest their role in the active and inactive @entity2743 .

title: Disturbances of Modulating Molecules ( @entity403 , @entity4386 / @entity1361 /B7, and @entity2936 / @entity11603 ) mRNA Expressions in the Orbital Tissue from XXXX with Severe Graves' Ophthalmopathy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity4214 -201 myocardial imaging was performed in 21 @entity1 with @entity3886 ( @entity3886 ). Thirteen @entity1 were studied before operation, eight @entity1 after Mustard operation and five @entity1 after Rastelli operation. Five @entity1 were studied sequentially before and after the surgery. Each image was compared with hemodynamic and angiographic findings in order to assess the usefulness of this method. In the 13 @entity1 with preoperative @entity3886 , it was possible to differentiate @entity3886 with the intact ventricular septum from @entity3886 with associated anomalies such as @entity2461 or @entity1757 , and also @entity3886 with @entity120 or @entity849 from @entity3886 without them by evaluating the degree of @entity4214 uptake in the free wall of the pulmonary ventricle (anatomical left ventricle). The degree of @entity4214 uptake was well correlated with systolic pressure of the pulmonary ventricle (r = 0.98). In the 13 @entity1 with postoperative @entity3886 , it was less correlated with the pulmonary ventricular systolic pressure (r = 0.83). Four cases sequentially studied showed a marked decrease in @entity4214 uptake in the pulmonary ventricle 10 to 16 months after Rastelli operation. But the corrected @entity4214 uptake ( @entity4214 activity/ventricular systolic pressure) was more increased compared with the uptake of the systemic ventricle after the surgery. This was probably related to a decrease of the pressure load to the pulmonary ventricle following the surgery and to the fact that there should be some delay of a decrease of the ventricular mass. An increased lung uptake of @entity4214 was noted in the cases of @entity997 after Mustard operation, but the degree of regurgitation was not clearly correlated with the increase of @entity4214 uptake in the lung. In five cases after Rastelli operation, one @entity1 showed a high degree of @entity4214 uptake of the pulmonary ventricle (anatomical right ventricle), and the conduit valve @entity730 and severe @entity849 were confirmed by cardiac catheterization and angiography. Thus myocardial imaging provides a reliable mean for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of @entity3886 before and after operation.

title: [Myocardial imaging in @entity1 with XXXX : comparison between Mustard and Rastelli operations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries', 'TGA']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['Thallium', 'thallium']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: @entity4214 -201 myocardial imaging was performed in 21 @entity1 with @entity3886 ( @entity3886 ). Thirteen @entity1 were studied before operation, eight @entity1 after Mustard operation and five @entity1 after Rastelli operation. Five @entity1 were studied sequentially before and after the surgery. Each image was compared with hemodynamic and angiographic findings in order to assess the usefulness of this method. In the 13 @entity1 with preoperative @entity3886 , it was possible to differentiate @entity3886 with the intact ventricular septum from @entity3886 with associated anomalies such as @entity2461 or @entity1757 , and also @entity3886 with @entity120 or @entity849 from @entity3886 without them by evaluating the degree of @entity4214 uptake in the free wall of the pulmonary ventricle (anatomical left ventricle). The degree of @entity4214 uptake was well correlated with systolic pressure of the pulmonary ventricle (r = 0.98). In the 13 @entity1 with postoperative @entity3886 , it was less correlated with the pulmonary ventricular systolic pressure (r = 0.83). Four cases sequentially studied showed a marked decrease in @entity4214 uptake in the pulmonary ventricle 10 to 16 months after Rastelli operation. But the corrected @entity4214 uptake ( @entity4214 activity/ventricular systolic pressure) was more increased compared with the uptake of the systemic ventricle after the surgery. This was probably related to a decrease of the pressure load to the pulmonary ventricle following the surgery and to the fact that there should be some delay of a decrease of the ventricular mass. An increased lung uptake of @entity4214 was noted in the cases of @entity997 after Mustard operation, but the degree of regurgitation was not clearly correlated with the increase of @entity4214 uptake in the lung. In five cases after Rastelli operation, one @entity1 showed a high degree of @entity4214 uptake of the pulmonary ventricle (anatomical right ventricle), and the conduit valve @entity730 and severe @entity849 were confirmed by cardiac catheterization and angiography. Thus myocardial imaging provides a reliable mean for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of @entity3886 before and after operation.

title: [Myocardial imaging in XXXX with @entity3886 : comparison between Mustard and Rastelli operations].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']