abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the variability of crackle pitch and crackle rate during a single automated-auscultation session with a computerized 16-channel lung-sound analyzer. METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity55 , 52 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and 18 with @entity3794 ( @entity3794 ) performed @entity1353 maneuvers in the following sequence: normal @entity1353 , deep @entity1353 , cough several times; deep @entity1353 , vital-capacity maneuver, and deep @entity1353 . From the auscultation recordings we measured the crackle pitch and crackle rate. RESULTS: Crackle pitch variability, expressed as a percentage of the average crackle pitch, was small in all @entity1 and in all maneuvers: @entity55 11%, @entity712 11%, @entity3794 7%. Crackle rate variability was also small: @entity55 31%, @entity712 32%, @entity3794 24%. Compared to the first deep- @entity1353 maneuver (100%), the average crackle pitch did not significantly change following coughing ( @entity55 100%, @entity712 103%, @entity3794 100%), the vital-capacity maneuver ( @entity55 100%, @entity712 92%, @entity3794 104%), or during quiet @entity1353 ( @entity55 97%, @entity712 100%, @entity3794 104%). Similarly, the average crackle rate did not change significantly following coughing ( @entity55 105%, @entity712 110%, @entity3794 90%) or the vital-capacity maneuver ( @entity55 102%, @entity712 101%, @entity3794 99%). However, during normal @entity1353 the crackle rate was significantly lower in the @entity1 with @entity55 (74%, P < .001) and significantly higher in the @entity1 with @entity3794 (147%, P < .05) than it was during deep @entity1353 . In @entity1 with @entity712 the average crackle rate during normal @entity1353 was not significantly different from that during the first deep- @entity1353 maneuver (108%). CONCLUSIONS: Crackle pitch and rate were surprisingly stable in all 3 conditions. Neither crackle pitch nor crackle rate changed significantly from breath to breath or from one deep- @entity1353 maneuver to another, even when the maneuvers were separated by cough or the vital-capacity maneuver. The observation that crackle rate is a reproducible measurement during one automated-auscultation session suggests that crackle rate can be used to follow the course of cardiopulmonary illnesses such as @entity55 , @entity3794 , and @entity712 .

title: Crackle pitch and rate do not vary significantly during a single automated-auscultation session in @entity1 with @entity55 , @entity712 , or XXXX .

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['interstitial pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the variability of crackle pitch and crackle rate during a single automated-auscultation session with a computerized 16-channel lung-sound analyzer. METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity55 , 52 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and 18 with @entity3794 ( @entity3794 ) performed @entity1353 maneuvers in the following sequence: normal @entity1353 , deep @entity1353 , cough several times; deep @entity1353 , vital-capacity maneuver, and deep @entity1353 . From the auscultation recordings we measured the crackle pitch and crackle rate. RESULTS: Crackle pitch variability, expressed as a percentage of the average crackle pitch, was small in all @entity1 and in all maneuvers: @entity55 11%, @entity712 11%, @entity3794 7%. Crackle rate variability was also small: @entity55 31%, @entity712 32%, @entity3794 24%. Compared to the first deep- @entity1353 maneuver (100%), the average crackle pitch did not significantly change following coughing ( @entity55 100%, @entity712 103%, @entity3794 100%), the vital-capacity maneuver ( @entity55 100%, @entity712 92%, @entity3794 104%), or during quiet @entity1353 ( @entity55 97%, @entity712 100%, @entity3794 104%). Similarly, the average crackle rate did not change significantly following coughing ( @entity55 105%, @entity712 110%, @entity3794 90%) or the vital-capacity maneuver ( @entity55 102%, @entity712 101%, @entity3794 99%). However, during normal @entity1353 the crackle rate was significantly lower in the @entity1 with @entity55 (74%, P < .001) and significantly higher in the @entity1 with @entity3794 (147%, P < .05) than it was during deep @entity1353 . In @entity1 with @entity712 the average crackle rate during normal @entity1353 was not significantly different from that during the first deep- @entity1353 maneuver (108%). CONCLUSIONS: Crackle pitch and rate were surprisingly stable in all 3 conditions. Neither crackle pitch nor crackle rate changed significantly from breath to breath or from one deep- @entity1353 maneuver to another, even when the maneuvers were separated by cough or the vital-capacity maneuver. The observation that crackle rate is a reproducible measurement during one automated-auscultation session suggests that crackle rate can be used to follow the course of cardiopulmonary illnesses such as @entity55 , @entity3794 , and @entity712 .

title: Crackle pitch and rate do not vary significantly during a single automated-auscultation session in @entity1 with XXXX , @entity712 , or @entity3794 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis', 'interstitial pulmonary fibrosis', 'IPF']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the variability of crackle pitch and crackle rate during a single automated-auscultation session with a computerized 16-channel lung-sound analyzer. METHODS: Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity55 , 52 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and 18 with @entity3794 ( @entity3794 ) performed @entity1353 maneuvers in the following sequence: normal @entity1353 , deep @entity1353 , cough several times; deep @entity1353 , vital-capacity maneuver, and deep @entity1353 . From the auscultation recordings we measured the crackle pitch and crackle rate. RESULTS: Crackle pitch variability, expressed as a percentage of the average crackle pitch, was small in all @entity1 and in all maneuvers: @entity55 11%, @entity712 11%, @entity3794 7%. Crackle rate variability was also small: @entity55 31%, @entity712 32%, @entity3794 24%. Compared to the first deep- @entity1353 maneuver (100%), the average crackle pitch did not significantly change following coughing ( @entity55 100%, @entity712 103%, @entity3794 100%), the vital-capacity maneuver ( @entity55 100%, @entity712 92%, @entity3794 104%), or during quiet @entity1353 ( @entity55 97%, @entity712 100%, @entity3794 104%). Similarly, the average crackle rate did not change significantly following coughing ( @entity55 105%, @entity712 110%, @entity3794 90%) or the vital-capacity maneuver ( @entity55 102%, @entity712 101%, @entity3794 99%). However, during normal @entity1353 the crackle rate was significantly lower in the @entity1 with @entity55 (74%, P < .001) and significantly higher in the @entity1 with @entity3794 (147%, P < .05) than it was during deep @entity1353 . In @entity1 with @entity712 the average crackle rate during normal @entity1353 was not significantly different from that during the first deep- @entity1353 maneuver (108%). CONCLUSIONS: Crackle pitch and rate were surprisingly stable in all 3 conditions. Neither crackle pitch nor crackle rate changed significantly from breath to breath or from one deep- @entity1353 maneuver to another, even when the maneuvers were separated by cough or the vital-capacity maneuver. The observation that crackle rate is a reproducible measurement during one automated-auscultation session suggests that crackle rate can be used to follow the course of cardiopulmonary illnesses such as @entity55 , @entity3794 , and @entity712 .

title: Crackle pitch and rate do not vary significantly during a single automated-auscultation session in XXXX with @entity55 , @entity712 , or @entity3794 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12652 is a rare complication of @entity0 treatment, representing a @entity12651 commonly associated with @entity4269 and severely impacting @entity1 's outcome. The @entity5 typically develops in the @entity3202 , pachydermatous, @entity8820 skin of limbs affected by long-standing @entity4269 . Clinical data associated with @entity12652 and @entity4269 management have rarely been published. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the period between 1980 and 2009, ten @entity1 with @entity12652 were diagnosed and treated at the Foeldiklinik, Hinterzarten, Germany. Nine of the ten @entity1 were female. Five @entity1 had previously suffered from @entity0 (and were treated with mastectomy); two from other @entity5 ; two @entity1 had @entity4269 , and one had undergone lower extremity lymphadenectomy. All @entity5 @entity1 had undergone radiation treatment. In all cases, the @entity242 developed in non-irradiated areas 6-48 years (average 16.3 years) after the onset of @entity4269 . None of the @entity1 had received @entity4270 ( @entity4270 ). Two @entity1 had above-elbow amputation, one had shoulder exarticulation, two @entity1 had wide excision and skin grafting, two @entity1 had above-knee amputation procedure, two @entity1 had a below-knee amputation procedure, and one @entity1 had no surgical treatment at all. The time to recurrence after surgery, time to @entity3 , @entity1 survival and @entity4270 were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity4269 should be closely examined starting 5 years from the time of @entity4269 onset, paying special attention to those with associated @entity5 . Only early diagnosis and treatment by radical ablative surgery confers a reasonable prognosis with this rare but aggressive disease. A potential effect of @entity4270 on @entity12651 has to be studied in a greater @entity1 cohort.

title: XXXX : Is @entity12652 a Preventable Condition?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8820 :: ('MESH:C566153', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratotic']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity12651 :: ('MESH:D008204', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity12652 :: ('MESH:C537491', 'Disease') :: ['Stewart-Treves syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['primary lymphedema', 'lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['CDT', 'complex decongestive physical therapy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity12651 :: (MESH:D008204,Disease) :: ['Lymphangiosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12652 is a rare complication of @entity0 treatment, representing a @entity12651 commonly associated with @entity4269 and severely impacting @entity1 's outcome. The @entity5 typically develops in the @entity3202 , pachydermatous, @entity8820 skin of limbs affected by long-standing @entity4269 . Clinical data associated with @entity12652 and @entity4269 management have rarely been published. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the period between 1980 and 2009, ten @entity1 with @entity12652 were diagnosed and treated at the Foeldiklinik, Hinterzarten, Germany. Nine of the ten @entity1 were female. Five @entity1 had previously suffered from @entity0 (and were treated with mastectomy); two from other @entity5 ; two @entity1 had @entity4269 , and one had undergone lower extremity lymphadenectomy. All @entity5 @entity1 had undergone radiation treatment. In all cases, the @entity242 developed in non-irradiated areas 6-48 years (average 16.3 years) after the onset of @entity4269 . None of the @entity1 had received @entity4270 ( @entity4270 ). Two @entity1 had above-elbow amputation, one had shoulder exarticulation, two @entity1 had wide excision and skin grafting, two @entity1 had above-knee amputation procedure, two @entity1 had a below-knee amputation procedure, and one @entity1 had no surgical treatment at all. The time to recurrence after surgery, time to @entity3 , @entity1 survival and @entity4270 were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity4269 should be closely examined starting 5 years from the time of @entity4269 onset, paying special attention to those with associated @entity5 . Only early diagnosis and treatment by radical ablative surgery confers a reasonable prognosis with this rare but aggressive disease. A potential effect of @entity4270 on @entity12651 has to be studied in a greater @entity1 cohort.

title: @entity12651 : Is XXXX a Preventable Condition?

answer: @entity12652 :: (MESH:C537491,Disease) :: ['Stewart-Treves Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antenatal stress has been associated with adverse outcomes in mothers and their @entity1 . However, little research has been conducted to identify the factors associated with psychosocial stress in pregnant @entity1 . PURPOSE: This study explored the predictors of psychosocial stress during pregnancy. METHODS: A convenience sample of 136 second-trimester and 164 third-trimester pregnant @entity1 were recruited from a medical center in southern Taiwan. Data were collected using a demographic form, @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ), Edinburgh Prenatal @entity308 Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale, and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List. RESULTS: The results of this study found positive correlations between @entity1168 and both Edinburgh Prenatal @entity308 Scale (r = .368, p < .01) and Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (r = .168, p < .01) and negative correlations between @entity1168 and both gravidity (r = -.137, p < .05) and Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (r = -.266, p < .01). Higher pregnancy stress was predicted by @entity308 , lower social support, maternal-fetal attachment, and primigravid status, which together explained 20% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: @entity308 , social support, maternal-fetal attachment, and gravidity are discrete predictive factors of psychosocial stress in pregnant @entity1 . These findings add to existing knowledge of the factors associated with prenatal stress. Future research should include @entity308 in a support model of antenatal stress management.

title: Predictors of Antenatal Psychosocial Stress in Taiwanese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['PSRS', 'Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The clinical picture of hand @entity194 related to a cervical @entity2483 was well described in the modern literature by Gilliatt and Sumner; in 1970, they reported a series of nine @entity1 whose motor status was stabilized following brachial plexus decompression. We report here seven @entity1 suffering from @entity531 ( @entity531 ), who developed hand @entity194 , sometimes because of diagnostic delay. METHODS: The @entity1 's charts were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: The seven @entity1 were all female; the mean age was 43 years. The first complaints were @entity158 and @entity809 lasting six months to 5 years. Three @entity1 were treated with C56/C67 discectomy plus disc prosthesis (one @entity1 ), ulnar neurolysis at the elbow (the same @entity1 ), @entity923 (one @entity1 ), and intravenous immunoglobulins (one @entity1 ) before @entity531 diagnosis. Hand @entity194 , severe in five @entity1 , was present at presentation. All @entity1 underwent brachial plexus decompression by the anterior (four), posterior (two), or transaxillary (one) approach. This last approach was completed 18 months later by brachial plexus neurolysis via the anterior approach. Postoperatively, @entity51 was improved in two @entity1 and stabilized in five @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Physicians' unfamiliarity with @entity531 diagnosis or their reluctance to accept the diagnosis without electrical confirmation can lead to hand @entity194 . @entity5300 at this stage usually stabilizes the deficit.

title: [Gilliatt-Sumner hand or true XXXX . A report on seven operated cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['Brachial plexus decompression']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel release']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['rib or elongated C7 transverse process']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome', 'TOS']

answer: @entity531 :: (MESH:D013901,Disease) :: ['neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess cortical @entity62 ( @entity62 ) changes in @entity15 and establish their relevance to clinical disability and to inflammatory changes of white matter (WM) in @entity1 with the relapsing-remitting (RR) and primary progressive (PP) forms of the disease. METHODS: Conventional MRI examinations were obtained in @entity1 with definite @entity15 who had either the RR or the PP form of the disease. An automated analysis tool was used with conventional T1-weighted MR images to obtain total and cortical brain volumes normalized for head size. Total @entity75 load was estimated on conventional proton density and T2-weighted MR images. The relationship between volumetric MR measures and scores of clinical disability was assessed. RESULTS: Normalized cortical volumes (NCV) were lower for both RR and PP @entity15 @entity1 than for normal control subjects (p < 0.001) but were similar between the two @entity1 groups (p > 0.5). NCV decreases in both @entity1 groups were detected even in those @entity1 with @entity66 duration (<5 years; p < 0.001 in RR @entity15 and p < 0.05 in PP @entity15 ) and minimal @entity75 volume (<5 mL; p < 0.0001 in RR @entity15 and p < 0.005 in PP @entity15 ). Measures of NCV in individual @entity1 were negatively correlated with T2-weighted lesion volume (r = -0.47, p < 0.001) and disease duration (r = -0.25, p < 0.05) only in the @entity1 with RR @entity15 . NCV correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale scores across all of the @entity1 , but the strength of the correlation was stronger (p < 0.05) for PP (r = -0.64, p < 0.0001) than for RR (r = -0.27, p = 0.04) @entity15 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm substantial neocortical @entity393 in @entity15 @entity1 and suggest that neocortical @entity62 pathology may occur early in the course of the disease in both RR and PP @entity15 @entity1 and contribute significantly to @entity16 . Although a proportion of this neocortical pathology may be secondary to WM @entity32 , the extent of the changes suggests that, especially in @entity1 with PP @entity15 , an independent neurodegenerative process also is active.

title: Evidence of early cortical atrophy in XXXX : relevance to white matter changes and disability.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['short disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['gray matter', 'GM']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: @entity3857 are bioactive compounds generally considered to be produced by plants to counteract pathogens and herbivores. Besides their role in plant defense, @entity3857 are of growing interest for drug research as they are active constituents of several folk medicines and provide valuable pharmacological properties. Accordingly, much effort has been put into unraveling the modes of action of @entity3857 , as well as in exploration of their potential for industrial processes and pharmacology. However, the exploitation of @entity3857 for bioengineering crop plants with improved resistances against pests as well as circumvention of laborious and uneconomical extraction procedures for industrial production from plants is hampered by the lack of knowledge and availability of genes in @entity3857 biosynthesis. Although the ability to produce @entity3857 is rather widespread among plants, a complete synthetic pathway has not been elucidated in any single species. Current conceptions consider @entity3857 to be derived from intermediates of the @entity37161 pathway, and predominantly enzymes belonging to the multigene families of @entity56107 cyclases (OSCs), cytochromes P450 (P450s) and family 1 @entity858 -glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are thought to be involved in their biosynthesis. Formation of unique structural features involves additional biosynthetical enzymes of diverse phylogenetic background. As an example of this, a @entity563 carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferase (SCPL) was recently found to be involved in synthesis of @entity43139 in oats. However, the total number of identified genes in @entity3857 biosynthesis remains low as the complexity and diversity of these multigene families impede gene discovery based on sequence analysis and phylogeny. This review summarizes current knowledge of @entity43139 biosynthesis in plants, molecular activities, evolutionary aspects and perspectives for further gene discovery.

title: Molecular activities, biosynthesis and evolution of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['Saponins', 'saponin', 'saponins']

entities_list: @entity43139 :: ('CHEBI:61778', 'Chemical') :: ['triterpenoid saponin', 'triterpenoid saponins']

entities_list: @entity37161 :: ('CHEBI:28824', 'Chemical') :: ['phytosterol']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity56107 :: ('MESH:C520393', 'Chemical') :: ['oxidosqualene']

answer: @entity43139 :: (CHEBI:61778,Chemical) :: ['triterpenoid saponins']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and persistence of injectable @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) microspheres as a long-lasting urethral bulking agent in @entity1707 . @entity4625 microspheres of 2 different diameters (40 and 125  m) were tested to investigate the potential for migration and dislocation after injection. A similar product containing 40- m @entity4625 microspheres has been used as an injectable wrinkle filler for >25 years and received Food and Drug Administration approval in 2006 (ArteFill). METHODS: A total of 22 female @entity1707 received 4 submucosal implantations of @entity4625 microspheres, using either a cystoscope or a newly developed urethral injection device (UroScope). At @entity204 and necropsy at 8 days and 1, 3, and 6 months, the urethral injection site, liver, lung, spleen, and pelvic and iliac lymph nodes were processed for histologic examination and microsphere count using organ dissolution and microscopy. RESULTS: All injected @entity4530 were still present at 6 months and showed no signs of @entity32 . Tissue dissolution of the local lymph nodes and major organs demonstrated the transport of some of the 40- m microspheres to the local lymph nodes and lung but not to the liver or spleen. In contrast, no 125- m microspheres were detected in any distant organ. CONCLUSIONS: The submucosal implantation of 125- m @entity4625 microspheres into the urethra provided a safe and persistent bulking effect in @entity1707 . The positive results of the present study encourage additional investigation of 125- m @entity4625 microspheres as a long-lasting bulking agent for the treatment of female stress urinary @entity322 . Furthermore, a newly developed urethral injection device (UroScope) proved beneficial and cost-effective to facilitate the transurethral injections of 125- m @entity4625 microspheres.

title: Urethral bulking with polymethylmethacrylate microspheres for stress urinary XXXX : tissue persistence and safety studies in miniswine.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate', 'PMMA']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal blebs']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: It is not clear whether symptoms alone can be used to estimate the biologic activity of @entity5202 ( @entity5202 ). We aimed to evaluate whether symptoms can be used to identify @entity1 with endoscopic and histologic features of remission. METHODS: Between April 2011 and June 2014, we performed a prospective, observational study and recruited 269 consecutive adults with @entity5202 (67% male; median age, 39 years old) in Switzerland and the United States. @entity1 first completed the validated symptom-based @entity5202 activity index @entity1 -reported outcome instrument and then underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with esophageal biopsy collection. Endoscopic and histologic findings were evaluated with a validated grading system and standardized instrument, respectively. Clinical remission was defined as symptom score <20 (range, 0-100); histologic remission was defined as a peak count of <20 eosinophils/mm(2) in a high-power field (corresponds to approximately <5 eosinophils/median high-power field); and endoscopic remission as absence of white exudates, moderate or severe rings, strictures, or combination of furrows and @entity4 . We used receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the best symptom score cutoff values for detection of remission. RESULTS: Of the study subjects, 111 were in clinical remission (41.3%), 79 were in endoscopic remission (29.7%), and 75 were in histologic remission (27.9%). When the symptom score was used as a continuous variable, @entity1 in endoscopic, histologic, and combined (endoscopic and histologic remission) remission were detected with area under the curve values of 0.67, 0.60, and 0.67, respectively. A symptom score of 20 identified @entity1 in endoscopic remission with 65.1% accuracy and histologic remission with 62.1% accuracy; a symptom score of 15 identified @entity1 with both types of remission with 67.7% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity5202 , endoscopic or histologic remission can be identified with only modest accuracy based on symptoms alone. At any given time, physicians cannot rely on lack of symptoms to make assumptions about lack of biologic disease activity in adults with @entity5202 . ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT00939263.

title: Symptoms Have Modest Accuracy in Detecting Endoscopic and Histologic Remission in Adults With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5202 :: ('MESH:D057765', 'Disease') :: ['EoE', 'eosinophilic esophagitis']

answer: @entity5202 :: (MESH:D057765,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic Esophagitis']


abstract: A simple, fast, precise and biologically relevant @entity137 assay for screening @entity137 of minerals would have distinct advantages due to its cost benefits and relative savings in time. Furthermore, a bioassay to differentiate acute and chronic in vivo pulmonary reactions could have potential value as predictors of fibrogenicity and pathogenicity. In this study we examined the potential use of @entity12487 as a probe to evaluate the correlation between chemiluminescence (CL) generated by alveolar macrophages with the known @entity137 and patho genicity by conventional bioassays. In this study, we used small doses of dust (20 microg) to minimize cellular overload and to maintain homeostasis. Crystalline @entity3440 a highly fibrogenic dust was used as positive control and results are compared with those for @entity6638 , @entity4563 and talc. Among the three minerals compared with @entity3440 , @entity6638 was more reactive (27%) in CL assay and declined sharply compared to other minerals. This sudden decline in @entity6638 CL is caused by @entity137 leading to cell death. CL-induced by talc was comparable to @entity3440 and declines slowly. @entity4563 on the other hand produced relatively a weaker (25%) CL compared to @entity3440 . Our data using relatively low doses of dust suggest that the CL assay may have a better predictive value in @entity137 evaluations compared to conventional @entity137 assays.

title: XXXX chemiluminescence assay as an adjunctive tool for assessment of various stages of inflammation: a study of quiescent inflammatory cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4563 :: ('MESH:D007616', 'Chemical') :: ['Kaolin', 'kaolin']

entities_list: @entity6638 :: ('MESH:D001546', 'Chemical') :: ['bentonite']

entities_list: @entity12487 :: ('MESH:C033472', 'Chemical') :: ['lucigenin']

answer: @entity12487 :: (MESH:C033472,Chemical) :: ['Lucigenin']


abstract: Increasing evidence supports the role of excitotoxicity in @entity528 . Thus, it is extremely important to explore methods to retard or reverse excitotoxic @entity528 . In this regard, certain dietary compounds are beginning to receive increased attention, in particular those involving phytochemicals found in medicinal plants in alleviating @entity528 . In the present study, we examined whether medicinal plant extracts protect neurons against @entity75 induced by @entity4176 (KA) in female Swiss albino @entity19 . @entity19 were anesthetized with @entity3652 and @entity4763 (200 mg and 2 mg/kg body wt. respectively) and KA (0.25 microg in a volume of 0.5 microl) was administered to @entity19 by intra hippocampal injections. The results showed an impairment of the hippocampus region of brain after KA injection. The lipid peroxidation and protein @entity6738 content were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in comparison to controls. @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) activity (EC 1.11.1.9) and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) content declined after appearance of @entity75 . As GPx and @entity2197 represent a major pathway in the cell for metabolizing @entity273 ( @entity274 ), their depletion would be expected to allow @entity274 to accumulate to toxic levels. Dried ethanolic plant extracts of Withania somnifera (WS), Convolvulus pleuricauas (CP) and Aloe vera (AV) dissolved in distilled water were tested for their total antioxidant activity. The diet was prepared in terms of total antioxidant activity of plant extracts. The @entity68 ( @entity596 ) reducing activity of plant extracts was also tested and it was found that WS and AV were potent reductants of @entity596 at pH 5 5. CP had lower @entity596 reducing activity in comparison to WS and AV. Plant extracts given singly and in combination 3 weeks prior to KA injections resulted in a decrease in @entity2359 . Measures of lipid peroxidation and protein @entity6738 declined. GPx activity and @entity2197 content were elevated in hippocampus supplemented with WS and combination of WS + CP + AV. However, when CP and AV were given alone, the changes in the GPx activity and @entity2197 content were not significant. Although the major factors involved in these properties of phytochemicals remain to be specified, the finding of this study has suggested that phytochemicals present in plant extracts mitigate the effects of excitotoxicity and oxidative damage in hippocampus and this might be accomplished by their antioxidative properties.

title: Phenolic antioxidants attenuate hippocampal neuronal cell damage against XXXX induced excitotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['excitotoxic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury', 'neuronal cell injury']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['kainic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To the present day, literature has only discussed how to treat @entity1411 and collateral ligament lesions, with @entity2720 and obvious clinical instability. The treatment options for early stages of the disease with @entity130 and subtle instabilities have not been described. The main purpose of this prospective study is to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of the arthroscopic radiofrequency shrinkage and distal @entity7530 in the treatment of subtle metatarsophalangeal joint instability. METHOD: Prospective data (clinical, radiological, and arthroscopic findings) of 19 @entity1 , with a total of 35 slightly unstable joints, was collected. The physical examination defined the hypothesis for @entity75 (grades 0 and 1), which was confirmed during the diagnostic step of the arthroscopic procedure. RESULTS: Among our @entity1 , 73  % were females and 63  % reported wearing high heels. The average age was 59  years and post-operative follow-up was 20  months. In the initial sample frame, 62  % of joints showed spread-out toes with increased interdigital spacing. The mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score rose from 53 points pre-operatively to 92 points post-operatively and a @entity227 scale average value of eight points pre-operatively decreased to zero post-operatively. During the pre-operative evaluation, none of the @entity1 had stable joints and over 97  % were classified as having grade 1 instability (<50  % subluxation). After treatment, 83  % of the joints became stable (degree of instability 0) and over 97  % were congruent. All studied parameters showed statistically significant improvements in the post-operative period (p   <   0.001) showing the efficiency of the treatment in @entity158 relief, while restoring the joint stability and congruity. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic radiofrequency shrinkage in combination with distal @entity7530 promotes functional improvement, @entity158 relief, and restores the joint stability in the plantar plate lesion grades 0 and 1.

title: Plantar plate radiofrequency and XXXX for subtle metatarsophalangeal joint instablity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-analog pain']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['plantar plate lesions']

entities_list: @entity7530 :: ('MESH:D014895', 'Disease') :: ['Weil osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['gross joint subluxation']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['extensive plantar plate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['minor injuries']

answer: @entity7530 :: (MESH:D014895,Disease) :: ['Weil osteotomy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of chronic exposure to endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B on @entity99 and function. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled trial. SETTING: Research laboratory in a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Male @entity35 weighing 325-350 g with chronic vascular and bile catheters. INTERVENTIONS: Chronically catheterized @entity35 were treated daily with saline, 50 microg/kg Staphylococcal enterotoxin B alone, 1000 microg/kg lipopolysaccharide alone, 1000 microg/kg lipopolysaccharide with 50 microg/kg Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, or 100 microg/kg lipopolysaccharide with 50 microg/kg Staphylococcal enterotoxin B for 10 days. Serum and biliary measures of @entity99 and dysfunction were measured before and then 6 hrs and 1, 2, 3, 7, and 10 days after the start of treatment. The animals were killed at 10 days and the livers examined histologically. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean rates of bile flow, biliary @entity3194 excretion, and @entity6741 flux were significantly decreased immediately after treatment (6 hr, 1 and 2 days) and then at 10 days. Increases in biliary and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and serum @entity3645 also occurred in a similar bimodal pattern. Animals treated with lipopolysaccharide or Staphylococcal enterotoxin B alone became tolerant and did not develop the bimodal pattern of @entity409 . Histologic examination of the liver at 10 days revealed @entity32 and @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of lipopolysaccharide and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B leads to late @entity99 , whereas either toxin alone does not. These data may explain the frequent development of @entity409 in @entity1 exposed to multiple bacterial toxins such as in sepsis, multiple-system organ failure, and other diseases with altered intestinal permeability.

title: Chronic Staphylococcal enterotoxin B and lipopolysaccharide induce a bimodal pattern of XXXX and injury.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['periportal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'liver injury']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['hepatic dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity888 ( @entity7865 ) is known to promote @entity65 or life-threatening @entity221 , however, there is still limited understanding of the mechanisms responsible for evoking the physiological changes. In this study, we systematically determined the effects on both autonomic and respiratory outflows as well as reflex function following acute and repeated administration of @entity7865 that enhances behavioural responses. Arterial pressure, heart rate, phrenic nerve discharge amplitude and frequency, lumbar and splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge, interscapular brown adipose tissue and core temperatures, and expired @entity3158 were measured in @entity4774 -anaesthetized male @entity35 . Novel findings include potent increases in central inspiratory drive and frequency that are not dependent on @entity7865 -evoked increases in expired @entity3158 levels. Increases in non-shivering thermogenesis correlate with well-described increases in body temperature and heart rate. Unexpectedly, @entity7865 evoked minor effects on both sympathetic outflows and mean arterial pressure. @entity7865 modified @entity177 in response to @entity519 , @entity2944 and baroreceptor unloading. Chronically treated @entity7865 @entity35 failed to exhibit changes in baseline sympathetic, cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic parameters. The tonic and reflex cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic responses to @entity7865 challenge were similar to those seen in saline treated and drug naive animals. Overall, these findings describe independent and compound associations between physiological systems evoked @entity7865 and serve to highlight that a single dose of @entity7865 can significantly impact basic homeostatic systems and protective functions. These effects of @entity7865 persist even following chronic @entity7865 treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Effects of acute and chronic systemic XXXX on respiratory, cardiovascular and metabolic function, and cardiorespiratory reflexes.

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['Methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory reflex function']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular failure']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity459 (1HPT) is now being diagnosed with increasing frequency. Simultaneously there has been an apparent change in the presentation of the disease and indications for surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical presentation, indications for surgery, and outcomes of neck explorations for @entity459 . METHODS: This study was carried out over a 12 year period, January 1990 to April 2002 at Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan. Information on the indications, procedure performed, pathology and complications of all neck explorations for 1HPT was obtained from a retrospective thyroid/parathyroid surgical database. A minimum of 12 months follow-up was required in order to determine outcome of surgery. RESULTS: Out of 40 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity459 at Jordan University Hospital, Amman, over 12 years, 14 @entity1 (35%) diagnosed 4 years after the onset of their disease. Severe @entity79 was the main indication for surgery in 28 @entity1 ; 5 @entity1 with fractured bones, 2 @entity1 with @entity2001 , 3 @entity1 with @entity5 and severe @entity170 and @entity615 in 22 @entity1 ; @entity1290 in 10 @entity1 ; @entity121 and @entity425 in 14 @entity1 ; acute @entity788 in one @entity1 and asymptomatic @entity2742 following biochemical screening in one @entity1 . Two @entity1 continued to have persistent @entity2741 after the first operation; one of them has been cured by reoperation for an ectopic parathyroid in the anterior mediastinum resulting in an overall cure rate of 97.5%. CONCLUSION: This study showed that severe @entity79 with @entity174 , @entity2001 and @entity5 are still the most common presentation of @entity459 in Jordan; this is most likely due to delay in diagnosis and initiation of treatment. It is important to screen for @entity2742 in high risk @entity1 and to refer these @entity1 to specialized centers for proper management.

title: Clinical spectrum of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['brown tumors']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['bone cysts']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['HPT', 'hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['backache']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle ache']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Even today, @entity39 is still a life-threatening condition. The standard treatment concepts based on antibiotic therapy, topical treatment and--if necessary--surgical debridement of necrotic tissue, remain ineffective in many cases. In advanced stages, @entity39 can therefore be expected to result in severe functional impairment or even a fatal outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: We describe our experience with a multimodal treatment concept that we have been using with great success at the Federal Armed Forces Hospital in Ulm since 1987. This treatment is based on four pillars: 1. Surgical debridement, 2. Use of a combination of antibiotics, and 3. Administration of specific immunoglobulins, accompanied by, 4. Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy RESULTS: Over a period of more than 5 years 16 of the 22 @entity1 treated on the basis of this multimodal concept remained free of recurrences. In addition, significant reductions in analgesic use and in the insulin doses needed by @entity6 @entity1 were possible. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment concept under scrutiny has proved particularly successful. The various modes involved and the results of this combined therapy are discussed.

title: [The treatment of @entity39 with a combination of surgery, antibiotics, specific immunoglobulins and hyperbaric XXXX therapy. Results of the Ulm Treatment Concept].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing otitis externa']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Even today, @entity39 is still a life-threatening condition. The standard treatment concepts based on antibiotic therapy, topical treatment and--if necessary--surgical debridement of necrotic tissue, remain ineffective in many cases. In advanced stages, @entity39 can therefore be expected to result in severe functional impairment or even a fatal outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: We describe our experience with a multimodal treatment concept that we have been using with great success at the Federal Armed Forces Hospital in Ulm since 1987. This treatment is based on four pillars: 1. Surgical debridement, 2. Use of a combination of antibiotics, and 3. Administration of specific immunoglobulins, accompanied by, 4. Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy RESULTS: Over a period of more than 5 years 16 of the 22 @entity1 treated on the basis of this multimodal concept remained free of recurrences. In addition, significant reductions in analgesic use and in the insulin doses needed by @entity6 @entity1 were possible. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment concept under scrutiny has proved particularly successful. The various modes involved and the results of this combined therapy are discussed.

title: [The treatment of XXXX with a combination of surgery, antibiotics, specific immunoglobulins and hyperbaric @entity26 therapy. Results of the Ulm Treatment Concept].

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotizing otitis externa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of gracilis muscle transposition in the treatment of @entity4499 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Iatrogenic rectourethral @entity292 poses a rare but challenging complication of treatment for @entity263 . A variety of procedures have been described to treat this condition, none of which has gained acceptance as the procedure of choice. The aim of this study was to review the authors' experience with gracilis muscle transposition in the treatment of @entity4499 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all @entity1 who underwent gracilis muscle transposition for @entity4499 was performed, and follow-up was established by telephone interview. Successful repair was defined as absence of a @entity292 after reversal of fecal and urinary diversions. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 , mean age of 62 years, underwent 12 gracilis muscle transpositions for rectourethral @entity292 between 1996 and 2001. Six @entity1 had a history of pelvic radiotherapy, and five @entity1 had previous failed attempts to repair the @entity292 . In nine @entity1 , the @entity292 healed following gracilis muscle transposition. One @entity1 developed a rectocutaneous @entity292 that healed with fibrin glue injection, and one developed @entity295 requiring debridement of the transposed gracilis. This @entity1 underwent a second gracilis transposition, which uneventfully healed. Overall, all of the @entity1 had closure of their diverting stomas and maintained healed rectourethral fistulas. There were no intraoperative complications, and the only long-term complication of this procedure was mild medial thigh numbness in two @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Gracilis muscle transposition is an effective surgical treatment for @entity4499 . It is associated with low morbidity and a high success rate.

title: Gracilis muscle transposition for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic rectourethral fistula']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['perineal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity4499 :: (MESH:D007049,Disease) :: ['iatrogenic rectourethral fistula']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Poor engraftment of cells after transplantation to the heart is a common and unresolved problem in the cardiac cell therapies. We previously generated cardiovascular cell sheets entirely from pluripotent stem cells with cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and vascular mural cells. Though sheet transplantation showed a better engraftment and improved cardiac function after @entity583 , stacking limitation (up to 3 sheets) by @entity519 hampered larger structure formation and long-term survival of the grafts. Here we report an efficient method to overcome the stacking limitation. Insertion of gelatin hydrogel microspheres (GHMs) between each @entity65 via appropriate spacing and fluid impregnation with GHMs. Fifteen sheets with GHMs (15-GHM construct; >1   mm thickness) were stacked within several hours and viable after 1 week in vitro. Transplantation of 5-GHM constructs (   2   *   10(6) of total cells) to a @entity35 @entity583 model showed rapid and sustained functional improvements. The grafts were efficiently engrafted as @entity65 cells accompanied by functional capillary networks. Large engrafted cardiac tissues (0.8   mm thickness with 40 cell layers) successfully survived 3 months after TX. We developed an efficient method to generate thicker viable tissue structures and achieve long-term survival of the cell graft to the heart.

title: Efficient long-term survival of cell grafts after XXXX with thick viable cardiac tissue entirely from pluripotent stem cells.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['multiple layered cardiovascular', 'cardiovascular cell sheet broke the viable limitation']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity279 ( @entity279 ) are relatively rare @entity5 with a high degree of vascularity. Therapy for symptomatic @entity5 involves total resection when possible. Due to the enriched blood supply of these @entity5 , there is a high risk of significant intraoperative @entity190 , which can lead to perioperative complications. Preoperative embolization of @entity279 has been suggested to reduce @entity190 and operative morbidity, but its use remains controversial. Data on the risks and benefits of preoperative embolization for this @entity5 remains limited. We identified and analyzed all 29 reported cases of preoperative embolization of intradural spinal @entity279 within the literature. There were 18 @entity1 and nine @entity1 , and @entity1 ranged from 24 to 61years of age. Mean @entity5 size was 3.5cm. Cervical and thoracic location was most common, accounting for 48.3% and 20% of cases, respectively. Complications from embolization and surgery were minimal, with no deaths or permanent @entity16 . Minimal @entity954 and excellent rates of gross total resection were reported with preoperative embolization. However, outcomes from microsurgery alone from historical series have similarly reported excellent outcomes. While there is no established standard, preoperative embolization should be reserved for particularly high risk @entity1 with risk of @entity954 .

title: Role of preoperative embolization for intradural spinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity279 :: ('MESH:D018325', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal hemangioblastomas', 'HB']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity279 :: (MESH:D018325,Disease) :: ['hemangioblastomas']


abstract: The effect of bronchial circulation on wound healing at the site of @entity254 after right upper @entity9876 was studied in @entity235 . In two @entity235 (Group I), the bronchial arteries were carefully preserved during the @entity9876 . In 16 @entity235 (Group II), only @entity9876 was performed after all bronchial arteries in the hilum were ligated. In three @entity235 (Group III), the site of @entity254 was wrapped by a Penrose drain after @entity9876 . In three other @entity235 (Group IV), the site of @entity254 was wrapped with a free @entity456 after @entity9876 . In another group of 11 @entity235 (Group V), the anastomotic site was wrapped with a pedicled @entity456 . The @entity235 in Group I were put to death immediately and bronchial arterial circulation was recognized to consist primarily of systemic arterial blood. In Group II @entity235 , bronchial arteries distal to the @entity254 filled with pulmonary arterial blood immediately after the @entity9876 . Although the majority of bronchial arteries became filled with systemic arterial blood with time, some vessels were filled with pulmonary arterial blood even 7 days after the @entity9876 . In Group III @entity235 , wound healing at the site of @entity254 was severely delayed, and 7 days after the @entity9876 the majority of bronchial arteries in the bronchial wall distal to the @entity254 were filled with pulmonary arterial blood. In Group IV @entity235 , the state of wound healing at the bronchial anastomotic site was similar to that of Group III @entity235 . In Group V, although the state of wound healing at the @entity254 was relatively good in most of the animals, the pedicled pleural wrap did not significantly improve bronchial circulation over that of Group II.

title: Does pleural bronchial wrapping improve wound healing in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity9876 :: ('MESH:D020232', 'Disease') :: ['sleeve lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural flap']

answer: @entity9876 :: (MESH:D020232,Disease) :: ['right sleeve lobectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Central nervous system and @entity1370 following the administration of local anesthetics is a recognized complication of regional anesthesia. @entity1343 , the pure S(-) enantiomer of @entity1341 , was developed to improve the cardiac safety profile of @entity1341 . We describe 2 cases of grand @entity410 following accidental intravascular injection of @entity1343 . CASE REPORT: Two @entity1 presenting for elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limb underwent blockade of the lumbar plexus via the posterior approach. Immediately after the administration of @entity1343 0.5% with @entity1425 2.5 microgram/mL, the @entity1 developed grand @entity410 , despite negative aspiration for blood and no clinical signs of intravenous @entity1425 administration. The @entity410 were successfully treated with @entity1372 thiopental in addition to @entity2900 in 1 @entity1 . Neither @entity1 developed signs of @entity65 . Both @entity1 were treated preoperatively with beta-adrenergic antagonist medications, which may have masked the cardiovascular signs of the unintentional intravascular administration of @entity1343 with @entity1425 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1343 may have a safer @entity1370 profile than racemic @entity1341 , if adequate amounts of @entity1343 reach the circulation, it will result in @entity410 . Plasma concentrations sufficient to result in @entity149 did not produce manifestations of @entity1370 in these 2 @entity1 .

title: XXXX following the administration of @entity1343 for lumbar plexus block: A report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'mal seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['Levobupivacaine', 'levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['Central nervous system toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Central nervous system and @entity1370 following the administration of local anesthetics is a recognized complication of regional anesthesia. @entity1343 , the pure S(-) enantiomer of @entity1341 , was developed to improve the cardiac safety profile of @entity1341 . We describe 2 cases of grand @entity410 following accidental intravascular injection of @entity1343 . CASE REPORT: Two @entity1 presenting for elective orthopedic surgery of the lower limb underwent blockade of the lumbar plexus via the posterior approach. Immediately after the administration of @entity1343 0.5% with @entity1425 2.5 microgram/mL, the @entity1 developed grand @entity410 , despite negative aspiration for blood and no clinical signs of intravenous @entity1425 administration. The @entity410 were successfully treated with @entity1372 thiopental in addition to @entity2900 in 1 @entity1 . Neither @entity1 developed signs of @entity65 . Both @entity1 were treated preoperatively with beta-adrenergic antagonist medications, which may have masked the cardiovascular signs of the unintentional intravascular administration of @entity1343 with @entity1425 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1343 may have a safer @entity1370 profile than racemic @entity1341 , if adequate amounts of @entity1343 reach the circulation, it will result in @entity410 . Plasma concentrations sufficient to result in @entity149 did not produce manifestations of @entity1370 in these 2 @entity1 .

title: @entity149 following the administration of XXXX for lumbar plexus block: A report of two cases.

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: Although precordial murmurs occur frequently during pregnancy, their origin is rarely known. To investigate the nature of these murmurs, 2-dimensional (2-D) and pulsed Doppler echocardiography was performed in 81 asymptomatic pregnant @entity1 who had new systolic precordial murmurs. End-systolic right atrial dimensions, early diastolic tricuspid anular diameters, and end-diastolic right ventricular diameters were measured from the apical 4-chamber view and compared with measurements from 26 young nonpregnant @entity1 without known @entity299 . @entity997 ( @entity997 ) was detected by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in 35 of 81 pregnant @entity1 . Thirty-two pregnant @entity1 had normal 2-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiographic findings. Other @entity15202 were detected in 14 pregnant @entity1 . The right-sided intracardiac diameters were larger in all groups of pregnant @entity1 than in non-pregnant control subjects (p less than 0.001). The tricuspid anular diameter was larger in the pregnant @entity1 with @entity997 than in pregnant @entity1 with normal pulsed Doppler echocardiographic findings (24 +/- 2 vs 22 +/- 3 mm, p less than 0.015). No @entity1 had clinical difficulty associated with a murmur. Functional @entity997 , therefore, often occurs in pregnancy and appears to be a result of dilation of the tricuspid anulus. @entity997 may contribute to the development of murmurs in pregnant @entity1 .

title: XXXX during pregnancy: two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiographic observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'Tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity15202 :: ('MESH:C535576', 'Disease') :: ['valvular or congenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['Tricuspid regurgitation']


abstract: We conducted a telephone survey in Houston in March 1983 to assess the level of @entity117 use among @entity1 during the @entity683 season. We completed interviews of 200 households with 346 @entity1 aged 12 years or younger. Fifty-two percent of the 346 @entity1 experienced at least one acute illness in the preceding three months. Fever was measured with a thermometer in 114 ill @entity1 , 103 of whom had at least one measured temperature of 37.7 degrees C or greater. Fourteen percent of these 103 @entity1 received @entity117 only, 61% received @entity1443 only, and 20% received both. Among a subgroup of 44 @entity1 with temperatures of at least 39.4 degrees C, 11% received @entity117 only, 59% received @entity1443 only, and 27% received both. Only 60% of the 200 parents interviewed had heard of @entity5868 . Forty-two percent knew of the association between @entity5868 and @entity117 use. The survey suggests that @entity1443 has replaced @entity117 as the major antipyretic used by @entity1 in Houston. If the decline in @entity117 use in Houston is representative of the population in the United States, and if @entity117 is causally related to @entity5868 , the incidence of @entity5868 may decline.

title: Antipyretic use among @entity1 during the 1983 XXXX season.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity5868 :: ('MESH:D012202', 'Disease') :: ["Reye's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: We conducted a telephone survey in Houston in March 1983 to assess the level of @entity117 use among @entity1 during the @entity683 season. We completed interviews of 200 households with 346 @entity1 aged 12 years or younger. Fifty-two percent of the 346 @entity1 experienced at least one acute illness in the preceding three months. Fever was measured with a thermometer in 114 ill @entity1 , 103 of whom had at least one measured temperature of 37.7 degrees C or greater. Fourteen percent of these 103 @entity1 received @entity117 only, 61% received @entity1443 only, and 20% received both. Among a subgroup of 44 @entity1 with temperatures of at least 39.4 degrees C, 11% received @entity117 only, 59% received @entity1443 only, and 27% received both. Only 60% of the 200 parents interviewed had heard of @entity5868 . Forty-two percent knew of the association between @entity5868 and @entity117 use. The survey suggests that @entity1443 has replaced @entity117 as the major antipyretic used by @entity1 in Houston. If the decline in @entity117 use in Houston is representative of the population in the United States, and if @entity117 is causally related to @entity5868 , the incidence of @entity5868 may decline.

title: Antipyretic use among XXXX during the 1983 @entity683 season.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: It is becoming increasingly evident that platelets play a significant role in the inflammatory process. Heterogeneity has been demonstrated among platelets, and evidence has been presented that the spleen retains the youngest and hemostatically most effective platelets. The present study was designed to determine what effect splenectomy, by removing a special population of platelets, would have on acute @entity32 as manifested by carrageenan-induced @entity19 foot pad @entity4 . Swiss white @entity19 (25 +/- 2 g) were anesthetized and subjected to splenectomy (Group A, n = 13) or to celiotomy only (Group B, n = 15). One week later, carrageenan (0.1 cc of 1% solution) was injected into the right hind foot pad of each animal. The @entity19 were killed 3.5 hr later, and both hind paws amputated at the tibio-tarsal joint and weighed individually. The change in weight of the experimental hind paw relative to control was expressed as @entity4 index for each animal. The inflammatory reaction, as manifested by carrageenan @entity4 , was significantly (P less than 0.001) decreased in those animals subjected to splenectomy. The mean @entity4 index in Group A was 62.8 per cent compared to 80.9 per cent in Group B. The results of this study indicate that @entity32 as manifested by carrageenan-induced @entity4 . Splenectomy eliminates a population of platelets having greater functional capabilities than those found in the peripheral circulation and impairs the organism's ability to respond to injury.

title: Effect of splenectomy on acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'splenectomy decreases inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity24150 are @entity599 -containing glycosides found in the Brassica vegetables. Their breakdown products include @entity9083 , which are produced following exposure to the endogenous plant enzyme myrosinase. Isothiocyanates are pungent, biologically active compounds that suppress @entity105 in vivo, and induce apoptosis in vitro. We have shown previously that oral administration of the isolated glucosinolate @entity25961 induces apoptosis, and suppresses aberrant crypt foci in the colonic mucosa of @entity35 treated previously with @entity8708 ( @entity18399 ). In this study we explored the effects of both raw and thermally processed Brussels sprout tissue on the modulation of crypt cell apoptosis and @entity4498 , and the frequency of aberrant crypt foci in the colon. Freeze-dried raw and microwave-cooked Brussels sprouts contained high levels of intact glucosinolates, but they were absent from freshly prepared sprout juice. Oral administration of uncooked Brussels sprouts, whether as a juice, or as a freeze-dried powder, was associated with significantly enhanced levels of apoptosis and reduced @entity4498 in the colonic crypts. However, this effect was confined to @entity35 previously injected (48 h) with @entity18399 , in which levels of apoptosis and @entity4498 following DNA damage were already high. There was no effect of treatment in control animals. There was also little evidence of these effects when intact glucosinolates were administered in blanched sprout tissue, which lacked active myrosinase. We conclude that @entity17645 breakdown products derived from Brassica vegetables can exert a profound effect on the balance of colorectal cell proliferation and @entity204 in an animal model of @entity14 .

title: Effects of Brassica vegetable juice on the induction of apoptosis and aberrant crypt foci in XXXX colonic mucosal crypts in vivo.

entities_list: @entity17645 :: ('CHEBI:24279', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosinolate']

entities_list: @entity8708 :: ('MESH:D019813', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dimethylhydrazine']

entities_list: @entity24150 :: ('MESH:D005961', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucosinolates']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity9083 :: ('MESH:D017879', 'Chemical') :: ['isothiocyanates']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Cigarette smoking has been inconsistently associated with @entity694 risk. To evaluate the hypothesis that smoking is primarily linked to a specific @entity694 subgroup(s), we assessed associations between smoking and the occurrence of mutations in the @entity1412 , @entity984 and @entity876 genes, @entity876 overexpression, and @entity124 ( @entity124 ) in a Dutch population-based case-control study on sporadic @entity694 . The study population consisted of 176 cases and 249 controls. Smoking status (never, ever), number of cigarettes smoked per day (never, <15, > or =15), total years of smoking (never, < or =30, >30), and years since first started smoking (never, < or =35, >35) were all evaluated. Cigarette smoking status was significantly differently related to @entity876 overexpression-positive ( @entity876 (pos)) @entity5 compared with @entity876 overexpression-negative ( @entity876 (neg)) @entity5 ( @entity876 (pos) versus @entity876 (neg), OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9), as well as to @entity5 with transversion mutations in @entity1412 , @entity984 or @entity876 (transv(+)) compared with @entity5 without transversion mutations in one of these genes (transv(-)) (transv(+) versus transv(-), OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0-5.9). Positive associations were observed with @entity876 (neg) @entity5 and transv(+) @entity5 when compared with the population-based controls (ever versus transv(-), OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.9-2.8 and OR 2.2, 95% CI 0.9-5.6, respectively), inverse associations with @entity876 (pos) @entity5 and transv(-) @entity5 (ever versus never, OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-1.0 and OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5-1.3, respectively). Similar patterns of association were observed for the other smoking variables evaluated. In addition, although statistically non-significant, smoking was more notably positively associated with @entity5 that exhibit @entity984 mutations, especially @entity984 transversion mutations, than with @entity5 without @entity984 mutations. An inverse relationship between smoking and the occurrence of @entity1412 mutations was suggested, whereas no clear associations were observed with @entity124 . Our data suggest that smoking-related @entity694 develop through a @entity876 (neg) pathway and that smoking particularly results in @entity694 with transversion mutations.

title: Cigarette smoking and genetic alterations in sporadic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor', 'colon carcinomas', 'colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of early behavioral and psychological factors on later outcomes in young adults with childhood- or adolescent-onset type 1 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of @entity1 recruited from the register of the young adult outpatient @entity6 clinic, Oxford, U.K. A total of 113 individuals (51 male subjects) aged 17-25 years completed assessments, and 87 (77%) were reinterviewed as older adults (aged 28-37 years). Longitudinal assessments were made of glycemic control (HbA(1c)) and complications. Psychological state at baseline was assessed using the Present State Examination and self-report Symptom Checklist, with corresponding interview schedules administered at follow-up. RESULTS: There was no significant improvement between baseline and follow-up in mean HbA(1c) levels (8.5 vs. 8.6% in @entity1 , 9.3 vs. 8.7% in @entity1 ). The proportion of individuals with serious complications (preproliferative or laser-treated @entity989 , @entity644 or more severe @entity8 , @entity1897 , and @entity4148 ) increased from 3-37% during the 11-year period. @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to have multiple complications (23 vs. 6%, difference 17%, 95% CI 4-29%, P = 0.02). @entity146 increased from 16 to 28% (20% in @entity1 , 36% in @entity1 at follow-up, difference NS), and 8% had @entity146 at both assessments. Baseline @entity146 symptom scores predicted follow-up scores (beta = 0.32, SE [beta] 0.12, P = 0.008, 95% CI 0.09-0.56) and recurrent admissions with @entity6 (odds ratio 9.1, 95% CI 2.9-28.6, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and @entity146 outcome in this cohort was poor. Psychiatric symptoms in later adolescence and young adulthood appeared to predict later @entity146 problems.

title: Poor prognosis of young adults with type 1 XXXX : a longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of adjuvant interferon alfa after complete resection of locally extensive @entity1358 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 283 eligible @entity1 with pT3-4a and/or node-positive disease were randomly assigned after radical nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy to observation or to interferon alfa-NL (Wellferon, Burroughs-Wellcome, Research Park, NC) given daily for 5 days every 3 weeks for up to 12 cycles. @entity1 were stratified on the basis of pathologic stage. @entity1 remained on treatment until documented recurrence, excessive @entity137 , or @entity1 /physician preference deemed removal appropriate. RESULTS: At median follow-up of 10.4 years, median survival was 7.4 years in the observation arm and 5.1 year in the treatment arm (log-rank P =.09). Median recurrence-free survival was 3.0 years in the observation arm and 2.2 years in the interferon arm (P =.33). Performance status (P =.003), nodal status (N2 v N0, P <.0001), and @entity5 stage (P =.0002) were significant prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. A proportional hazards model examining the effects of treatment arm and time to recurrence on survival after recurrence among @entity1 who recurred found that random assignment to interferon treatment (P =.009) and shorter time to recurrence (P <.0001) were independent predictors of shorter survival after recurrence. Although no lethal @entity137 were observed, severe (grade 4) @entity137 including @entity1398 , @entity925 , @entity1295 , @entity308 , and other @entity137 occurred in 11.4% of those randomly assigned to interferon treatment. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant treatment with interferon did not contribute to survival or relapse-free survival in this group of @entity1 .

title: Phase III study of interferon alfa-NL as adjuvant treatment for resectable XXXX : an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group/Intergroup trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'neurologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Acute ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery in the @entity235 had little immediate effect on heat clearance but immediately lowered heat production, which fell to its minimum level in 1/2 hr, after which it began to recover; recovery was complete in 6 hr. After 1/2 hr heat clearance also began to fall and reached a minimum level in 1 1/2 hr. Ligation increased @entity26 extraction but reduced @entity26 consumption markedly though temporarily. Complete recovery followed. After 3 months, there was full recovery in flow, @entity26 extraction ratio, and @entity26 consumption mVO2. In morphological studies using Microfil injections soon after ligation, capillaries failed to fill retrogradely, though network vessels were perfused. After 1 hr of acute artery ligation, capillaries still did not perfuse but by 3 hr there was some reperfusion. After 6 hr there was marked capillary reperfusion. In @entity235 kept for 3 months after ligation the microcirculation was normal. These studies confirm that immediate @entity1457 occurred in capillaries (probably critical closure) which accounts for the immediate fall in venous outflow, heat production, and mVO2. Flow continued in network vessels which traversed the ischemic zone without perfusing capillaries. These results are contrasted with the findings of some other workers who found a continued functional decline leading to @entity1188 . The present results were accounted for by closure and reopening to capillaries.

title: Functional and morphological changes in the microcirculation of the XXXX following acute coronary artery ligation.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We undertook this study to determine whether popliteal artery @entity439 diameter correlates with initial symptoms and presence of associated @entity432 . METHODS: Duplex arteriography before infrainguinal revascularization in 500 lower extremities enabled diagnosis of 34 popliteal @entity439 in 25 @entity1 (24 male, 1 female) over the last 4 years. Fourteen @entity1 (41%) had no symptoms (group 1) and 20 (59%) had symptoms (group 2) of severe @entity613 (n = 8), acute @entity63 (n = 6), @entity158 (n = 2), and tissue loss (n = 4). We compared clinical presentation with popliteal artery diameter, prevalence of @entity715 , and presence of associated @entity432 . RESULTS: @entity438 diameter averaged 2.8 +/- 0.7 cm (range, 1.8-4.5 cm) in group 1 and 2.2 +/- 0.8 cm (range, 1.3-4.0 cm) in group 2 (P <.03). @entity715 was present in 7 of 20 limbs in group 2. Four of these @entity1 also had @entity715 . Evaluation of the infrapopliteal arteries in group 1 showed three-vessel runoff in 7 limbs, two-vessel runoff in 3 limbs, one-vessel runoff in 2 limbs, and no vessel runoff in 2 limbs. However, all infrapopliteal arteries were either occluded or significantly stenotic in 14 limbs (70%). In group 2, one-vessel runoff was observed in 5 limbs, and two-vessel runoff in 1 limb. CONCLUSIONS: Smaller popliteal artery @entity439 was associated with higher incidence of @entity715 , clinical symptoms, and @entity432 . Liberal use of duplex scanning in this setting may have accounted for the increased awareness that small popliteal artery @entity439 can @entity715 and present with severe @entity63 .

title: Small popliteal artery XXXX : are they clinically significant?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive disease', 'distal occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Popliteal aneurysm thrombosis', 'thrombose', 'thrombosis', 'ipsilateral superficial femoral artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['Popliteal artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to define total long-term outcome achievable with invasive treatment, ie, endovascular or surgical, in @entity1 with @entity613 with @entity75 . Priority in primary treatment was given to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. METHODS: Data were analyzed for 233 consecutive @entity1 with @entity613 in whom primary infrainguinal revascularization was performed in 304 limbs between 1989 and 1992. @entity1 were followed-up to May 2001 (mean, 81 months). Treatment included primary endovascular therapy when applicable (n = 272 limbs) or primary surgical treatment (n = 32; 10.5%). Type of further revascularization, if required, was selected on an individual basis for each @entity1 . All procedures performed because of limb @entity63 were recorded. Clinical outcome at the end of follow-up was compared with the preoperative condition. Cumulative primary, secondary, and total patency rates and development of chronic critical @entity63 (CCI) were defined. Total patency reflects the ultimate achievable benefit of invasive treatment and refers to patency maintained at the primarily treated segment by means of any invasive (endovascular or surgical) therapy, including potential crossover to another treatment group. RESULTS: A mean of 2 (median, 1) operations per limb were performed during follow-up. No additional operations were needed in 50.3% (n = 153) of limbs. Fontaine classification at the end of the study was better compared with the preoperative value (P <.0005). Crossover between endovascular and surgical treatment was recorded in 21.1% (n = 64) of limbs. At 5 years, primary, secondary, and total patency rates (plus or minus standard error of estimate [SEE]) were 27% +/- 3%, 45% +/- 3%, and 61% +/- 3%, respectively, and at 10 years these rates were 16% +/- 3%, 27% +/- 3%, and 41% +/- 3%. CCI developed in 37 limbs (12.2%), of which 15 (41%) had been treated with endovascular methods only. @entity2175 and @entity101 were statistically significant predictors of increased risk for CCI. CONCLUSION: Combining endovascular and surgical methods when necessary improved total outcome of invasive @entity613 . Crossover between endovascular and surgical treatment was required in 21% of limbs over the long term.

title: Infrainguinal revascularization because of XXXX : total long-term outcome of endovascular and surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['infrainguinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['infrainguinal treatment of claudication', 'claudication']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['claudication']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ranibizumab for the treatment of nonproliferative macular @entity8721 (MacTel) type 2. DESIGN: Prospective, open-label, uncontrolled, nonrandomized interventional clinical trial. METHODS: One eye (disease stage 2 or 3) of each @entity1 (n = 10) with nonproliferative MacTel type 2 was injected with 0.5 mg ranibizumab at monthly intervals for one year. Visual acuity, angiographic findings, and retinal thickness were assessed at each visit. The primary endpoint was the change in best-corrected distance visual acuity after one year compared to baseline. RESULTS: Mean visual acuity showed a transient @entity735 . However, after 12 months of treatment there was no significant change of visual acuity compared to baseline or compared to the fellow eye. Fluorescein angiography revealed a decrease of telangiectatic-appearing capillaries and of late-phase leakage, which was accompanied by a topographically related significant reduction in macular thickness. Three to 5 months after the last treatment, angiographic appearance and retinal thickness were similar to baseline. In one @entity1 , the last intravitreal injection was not performed because of safety concerns after a transitory @entity63 attack. Otherwise, no serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The angiographic and tomographic effects after intravitreal inhibition of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) using ranibizumab implicate a pathophysiological role of the @entity7 pathway in nonproliferative MacTel type 2. As the morphologic response was not associated with a clear functional benefit, and because of the transient nature of the treatment effect, monthly intravitreal ranibizumab is not recommended for the nonproliferative disease stage of MacTel type 2.

title: Monthly ranibizumab for nonproliferative macular XXXX type 2: a 12-month prospective study.

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['increase in the study eye']

answer: @entity8721 :: (MESH:D013684,Disease) :: ['telangiectasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a continuing need to examine the @entity146 impact of natural disasters for the development of an understanding of the determinants of morbid outcomes. The study of culturally distinct groups provides evidence as to the robustness of psychopathology emerging in the context of traumatic exposures. METHOD: In this study, 1294 @entity1 were examined at 5 months after the 1988 Yun Nan earthquake in order to explore the @entity146 impact of this disaster. They were assessed with a number of instruments, including the General Health Questionnaire (28-item version), the Life Event Inventory, and the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder section of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Three groups were examined according to their distance from the epicenter of the quake. Their responses were compared with an additional sample of 908 @entity1 from a general population living 520 kilometers away from the epicenter. RESULTS: GHQ 'caseness' in the three disaster groups, from those closest to those more distant from the epicenter, were 60.4, 48.2 and 44.0%. These rates were significantly higher than the non-exposed control group (36.2). Among the three disaster groups, taking those who achieved GHQ 'caseness' criteria, the @entity1005 prevalence was 23, 13 and 16%, respectively. For the overall population experiencing the earthquake (the combined disaster group), a conservative estimate of disaster-related @entity1005 prevalence was 8.9%. CONCLUSION: The varied rate of morbidity (both general and @entity1005 -specific) could be attributed to the relative impact of the earthquake as represented by epicenter proximity and as measured by the rate of property damage and loss in the three earthquake-affected areas.

title: Prevalence of XXXX following the 1988 Yun Nan (China) earthquake--the first 5-month period.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorder']


abstract: Based on a large number of males with @entity3311 , the usefulness of discriminant analysis for prediction of @entity120 has been investigated. Two groups were formed: 227 @entity1 with @entity120 ; 145 @entity1 without @entity120 Applying the discriminant analysis, 9 variables were selected step by step; 6 out of them were measurably contributing to the discrimination of both groups. As relevant turned out diameter of the right descending pulmonary artery, FVC% predicted, FEV1% FVC, pa2, systolic blood pressure, and RV% TLC. In a procedure of reclassification, based upon the calculated discriminant functions, 82,6% of the cases were correctly classified (sensitivity 80,6%, specificity 86,2%). A pocket calculator programme following the method by L  uter gave identical results. The application of the discriminant function to a new group of 147 unselected @entity1 with @entity3311 corroborated the foregoing results. 79,1% of all @entity1 with overt or latent pulmonary hyper-tension were detected. For overt @entity101 the sensitivity was 88,4%, for latent @entity101 62,5%. Using this method, decision-making regarding heart catheterism can be improved. It must be stressed, however, that this discriminant function is not valid for @entity1 and for other diagnosis groups in males.

title: [Prediction of XXXX from simple, noninvasive parameters using discriminant analysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'overt pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive bronchitis']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: @entity8434 is a widespread zoonosis, caused by @entity12047 . The definitive hosts are carnivores and the intermediate hosts are grazing animals. Because @entity1 are often accidentally infected with the cystic stage of the parasite, a control program is being developed for Western China. Western Sichuan Province in China is a highly endemic area. In this study, we built an agent-based model (ABM) to simulate and assess possible control strategies. These included @entity235 dosing, control of livestock slaughter, health education, vaccination of intermediate hosts, vaccination of definitive hosts, slow-released @entity2039 injections for @entity235 , removing unproductive old livestock, @entity235 population reduction. These strategies were examined singly and in various combinations. The results show that vaccination based control strategies and also combined control strategies ( @entity235 dosing, slaughter control, removing old livestock, @entity235 population reduction) can achieve a higher efficiency and be more feasible. Although monthly @entity235 dosing achieved the highest efficiency, it required a high frequency and reliability, which were not feasible or sustainable. The model also indicated that transmission would recover soon after the chosen control strategy was stopped, indicating the need to move from a successful attack phase to a sustainable consolidation phase.

title: An agent-based model for control strategies of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity12047 :: (6210,Species) :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Currently, little is known about @entity146 in the period following on the first year after burn. We examined the prevalence of DSM-IV @entity74 in burn @entity1 1-4 years after burn, using a standardized structured clinical interview and comparing findings with a representative general population sample. METHODS: Ninety @entity1 admitted to five burn centres were assessed with the 12-month Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results were compared to an age and gender matched nation based norm group. RESULTS: Twelve-month prevalence for any @entity74 was 39%. Prevalence for any after @entity74 was 28%. Most prevailing were @entity308 (10%), @entity148 (10%), and @entity1005 (7%). The comorbidity-proportions for @entity1005 and @entity148 where the highest. Fifty-seven percent of all @entity74 started within 1 year after the @entity130 and 21% within the next year. Burn @entity1 had significantly higher prevalence rates for DSM-IV disorders than @entity1 from the general population sample. CONCLUSION: Psychiatric morbidity among burn @entity1 , 1-4 years after burn, is considerable and higher than what may be expected in the general population. A 2-year follow-up for @entity148 and @entity308 is warranted.

title: Prevalence and co-morbidity of XXXX 1-4 years after burn.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression disorder', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'generalized anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['burn onset disorder', 'Axis I disorders', 'burn onset disorders', 'DSM-IV study disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: Using a radioenzymatic assay, placental @entity1154 oxidase (MAO) activity was measured at term after delivery in normal and high-risk pregnancies where decreases in placental blood flow previously were shown. MAO activity in placentas of healthy controls after spontaneous labor was similar to that after elective cesarean section not in labor (mean +/- SE, 133 +/- 18 versus 100 +/- 15 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). Compared to controls, there was a significant reduction in placental MAO activity in high-risk pregnancies (chronic @entity101 , @entity6064 , and @entity6 ), 71 +/- 14, 69 +/- 22, and 69 +/- 7, respectively (P less than 0.05). These differences also were maintained when data were expressed per total placental weight. Effects of antihypertensive drugs on MAO activity in healthy placental tissue were assessed. In homogenates, both @entity2514 and @entity2399 reduced enzyme activity, while in explants this was not observed. The effects of certain metabolites (which are elevated in plasma of @entity6 @entity1 ) on healthy homogenates also were studied. Only butyrate reduced enzyme activity. In conclusion, placental MAO activity in vitro is low in term high-risk pregnancies. This may reduce local metabolic inactivation of @entity2661 and @entity750 and consequently lead to a decrease in blood flow. Such a direct relationship must be confirmed in further studies.

title: XXXX oxidase activity in the term @entity1 placenta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['Monoamine']


abstract: Using a radioenzymatic assay, placental @entity1154 oxidase (MAO) activity was measured at term after delivery in normal and high-risk pregnancies where decreases in placental blood flow previously were shown. MAO activity in placentas of healthy controls after spontaneous labor was similar to that after elective cesarean section not in labor (mean +/- SE, 133 +/- 18 versus 100 +/- 15 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). Compared to controls, there was a significant reduction in placental MAO activity in high-risk pregnancies (chronic @entity101 , @entity6064 , and @entity6 ), 71 +/- 14, 69 +/- 22, and 69 +/- 7, respectively (P less than 0.05). These differences also were maintained when data were expressed per total placental weight. Effects of antihypertensive drugs on MAO activity in healthy placental tissue were assessed. In homogenates, both @entity2514 and @entity2399 reduced enzyme activity, while in explants this was not observed. The effects of certain metabolites (which are elevated in plasma of @entity6 @entity1 ) on healthy homogenates also were studied. Only butyrate reduced enzyme activity. In conclusion, placental MAO activity in vitro is low in term high-risk pregnancies. This may reduce local metabolic inactivation of @entity2661 and @entity750 and consequently lead to a decrease in blood flow. Such a direct relationship must be confirmed in further studies.

title: @entity1154 oxidase activity in the term XXXX placenta.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']