abstract: Accidents and their sequelae are the main cause of @entity204 in Germany among @entity1 under 40 years of age. The cost in disability payments and lost work averages  40 000 per injury. The author describes the German system for @entity130 rescue. The aims of rescue care in Germany are to reduce the interval between injury and hospital admission and to bring the @entity1 to the right hospital, bypassing smaller hospitals if necessary. Ambulance rescue systems are of two types: the stationary, in which the physician travels with the ambulance, and the rendezvous, in which the physician and ambulance, travelling separately, meet at the accident site. At the beginning of the 1970s the air-rescue system was started and now comprises 32 stations and 25 BO-105 helicopters. The Hannover experience shows that of the initial diagnoses made at the accident site by helicopter rescue service, 51.9% of victims had @entity542 , 35.5% fractures of extremities, 17.0% thoracic @entity130 , 10.2% @entity174 . Because of @entity1576 or unconsciousness with danger of aspiration, 12.0% of the @entity1 had to be intubated endotracheally. One hundred and twenty-two @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity204 were successfully resuscitated at the accident scene. A study comparing the efficiency of the helicopter and ambulance systems showed that as the severity of the injuries increases, the @entity204 rate is greater in the group rescued by ambulance. Of 22 accidents involving rescue helicopters, 7 (32%) resulted in at least one @entity204 . Between 1973 and 1983, 16 doctors, pilots or attendants were killed.

title: The German model for rescue of traumatized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma and 7.6% spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In a prospective study of @entity8 in 60 consecutive allograft recipients treated with @entity205 and @entity617 routine renal biopsies at one week and one month after transplantation, as well as for all episodes of @entity8 , were performed. The one year graft survival of this group was 88%. In a retrospective clinical analysis of these @entity1 35 episodes of dysfunction due to rejection, defined by a response to antirejection treatment alone, and 30 episodes due to @entity205 nephrotoxicity, defined by a response to reduction in @entity205 dose alone, were identified. The morphological findings from these biopsies were compared with 20 samples from routine biopsies taken from @entity1 with stable renal function. All @entity1 diagnosed as having rejection had a diffuse, interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate (32 of 35) or @entity3468 (19 of 35), or both. In contrast, focal mononuclear cell infiltrates were common in both @entity1 with nephrotoxicity and those with stable function (17 of 30 and 14 of 20, respectively). There were no important differences between biopsies from those with nephrotoxicity and those with stable function, except that @entity6517 was considerably more common in the nephrotoxic @entity1 than in those with stable function. Many @entity1 with stable function were, in retrospect, in a state of stable mild nephrotoxicity. In our experience rejection should only be diagnosed when there is at least a diffuse interstitial infiltrate or an @entity3468 . Focal mononuclear cell infiltrates do not denote rejection. The development of @entity75 in the absence of rejection is indicative of nephrotoxicity.

title: Morphological differentiation between rejection and XXXX nephrotoxicity in renal allografts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6517 :: ('MESH:D057770', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolar hyalinosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolar lesions']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: The subcortical nuclear groups projecting to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) were studied in pigmented @entity35 with the aid of the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. Small iontophoretic injections of HRP were placed in the medial regions of the NRTP, an area that has been shown in several species to be involved in eye movements. Other large injections in the NRTP or small injections placed just outside the nucleus were used to clarify the projections to the NRTP. Results indicate that the NRTP receives afferents from visual relay nuclei, including the nucleus of optic tract, the superior colliculus, and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus; oculomotor-associated structures including the zona incerta, the H1 and H2 fields of Forel, the nucleus subparafasciculus, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, the @entity227 of the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, the mesencephalic, pontine, and medullary reticular formations, the nucleus of the posterior commissure, and a portion of the periaqueductal gray termed the supra-oculomotor periaqueductal gray; cerebellar and pontomedullary nuclei, including the superior, lateral, and medial vestibular nuclei, the @entity76 , and NRTP interneurons, and nuclei related to limbic functions including the lateral habenula, the mammillary nuclei, the hypothalamic nuclei, the preoptic nuclei, and the nucleus of diagonal band of Broca. A surprisingly large number of afferents to the medial regions of the NRTP arise from visual- or eye-movement-related nuclei. The projection from the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) confirms previous anatomical and physiological studies on the pathways involved in horizontal @entity346 , but the number of NOT afferents is small in relation to other areas potentially related to visuomotor pathways such as the zona incerta, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, fields of Forel, perirubral area, and subparafasciculus. The NRTP may also relay information related to vertical visuomotor reflexes (e.g., vertical @entity346 ) given the strong projections from the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system, @entity227 , supra-oculomotor periaqueductal gray, interstitial n. of Cajal, and midbrain reticular formation. The presence of significant NRTP projections from the superior colliculus and the mesencephalic and pontine reticular formations suggests that these nuclei may provide the pathways for the noted saccade-related activity of NRTP neurons. In addition, projections from the vestibular nuclei were found that provide the anatomical basis for head velocity signals recorded in NRTP neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Anatomical studies on the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in the pigmented XXXX . II. Subcortical afferents demonstrated by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual tegmental relay zone']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['optokinetic nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['deep cerebellar nuclei']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In vitro studies implicate a molecular link between inflammatory mononuclear cells and alterations in fibroblast growth and function. We have extended these observations in an experimental animal model in which we document the T cell-dependence of @entity82 that occurs after activation of the cell-mediated immune system by specific antigen. @entity740 were induced in the livers of susceptible @entity35 by the intraperitoneal injection of group A streptococcal cell walls (SCW). The development of @entity738 that are composed primarily of lymphocytes and macrophages was associated with the recruitment and proliferation of connective tissue cells. Furthermore, this expanded population of fibroblasts generated a collagenous structure consisting primarily of types I and III collagen around the @entity738 . The progression of these chronic inflammatory lesions leads to the formation of fibrotic nodules throughout the livers of the treated animals. Intact @entity738 , as well as mononuclear cells derived from the @entity738 , spontaneously elaborated a soluble factor(s) that stimulates fibroblast proliferation. Physicochemical analysis revealed that the primary @entity738 -derived peak of fibroblast growth activity corresponded to an apparent Mr of 40,000, which is consistent with a previously described T lymphocyte--derived @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) in @entity840 and @entity1 . Furthermore, the @entity82 that occurs in the @entity738 is apparently T cell--dependent, since no @entity75 developed in SCW-injected athymic nude @entity35 nor in SCW-injected animals treated with the T cell inhibitor, @entity205 ( @entity870 ). Mononuclear cells from neither of these functionally T cell--deficient animals could generate @entity3457 activity. These data show a role for T lymphocyte--derived cytokines in the development of @entity1575 in SCW-injected @entity35 .

title: Bacterial cell wall-induced hepatic granulomas. An in vivo model of T cell-dependent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic granulomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['FAF', 'fibroblast-activating factor']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: AIMS: To compare the usefulness of the @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) with that of the @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ) and emergency surgery after failure of decompression (ESFD) in @entity1 with malignant @entity694 (MCO), and to evaluate post-decompression histopathologic changes. METHODS: From January 2010 to June 2015, 39 @entity1 with MCO received @entity1702 , @entity5274 , and ESFD. We evaluated the outcomes including success rates of placement, clinical outcomes after decompression, and histopathologic findings of the resected specimens. RESULTS: Technical success rates were 100% for @entity1702 and 78.9% for @entity5274 . Clinical success rates were 100% for @entity1702 and 80.0% for @entity5274 . @entity86 was significantly less frequent after @entity1702 than after @entity5274 (p   =   0.014). Histopathologic @entity4 grade was significantly lower for @entity1702 than for @entity5274 and ESFD (p   <   0.0001). There was no significant difference between @entity4 grade and duration of decompression in the @entity5274 group (p   =   0.629), while all @entity1 with @entity1702 were classified in a low @entity4 grade (grade 0-2). The rate of stoma creation was significantly higher in @entity1 with a high @entity4 grade (grade 3) than in those with a low @entity4 grade (grade 0-2) (p   =   0.003). There was no microscopic perforation in any group. CONCLUSION: Significantly greater resolution of histopathologic @entity4 was achieved after placement of @entity1702 than after placement of @entity5274 . These findings provide an indication of favorable clinical outcomes of @entity1702 in comparison with @entity5274 and ESFD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Self-expanding metallic stent improves histopathologic XXXX compared with @entity5274 for malignant colorectal obstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['self-expanding metallic stent', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['TDT', 'transanal drainage tube']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic obstruction']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: AIMS: To compare the usefulness of the @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) with that of the @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ) and emergency surgery after failure of decompression (ESFD) in @entity1 with malignant @entity694 (MCO), and to evaluate post-decompression histopathologic changes. METHODS: From January 2010 to June 2015, 39 @entity1 with MCO received @entity1702 , @entity5274 , and ESFD. We evaluated the outcomes including success rates of placement, clinical outcomes after decompression, and histopathologic findings of the resected specimens. RESULTS: Technical success rates were 100% for @entity1702 and 78.9% for @entity5274 . Clinical success rates were 100% for @entity1702 and 80.0% for @entity5274 . @entity86 was significantly less frequent after @entity1702 than after @entity5274 (p   =   0.014). Histopathologic @entity4 grade was significantly lower for @entity1702 than for @entity5274 and ESFD (p   <   0.0001). There was no significant difference between @entity4 grade and duration of decompression in the @entity5274 group (p   =   0.629), while all @entity1 with @entity1702 were classified in a low @entity4 grade (grade 0-2). The rate of stoma creation was significantly higher in @entity1 with a high @entity4 grade (grade 3) than in those with a low @entity4 grade (grade 0-2) (p   =   0.003). There was no microscopic perforation in any group. CONCLUSION: Significantly greater resolution of histopathologic @entity4 was achieved after placement of @entity1702 than after placement of @entity5274 . These findings provide an indication of favorable clinical outcomes of @entity1702 in comparison with @entity5274 and ESFD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Self-expanding metallic stent improves histopathologic @entity4 compared with XXXX for malignant colorectal obstruction.

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['transanal drainage tube']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of BIOMED- 2 standardized immunoglobulin    Ig   gene rearrangement system in the diagnosis of @entity1582   MM   , and the significance of clonality analysis by multiplex-PCR amplifications. METHODS: A total of 167 cases of MM bone marrow samples from 2009 to 2013, and 20 cases of reactive plasmacytosis used as the controls were included in this study. Multiplex-PCR amplifications were performed and the Ig gene rearrangements were analyzed using BIOMED-2 standardized clonality analysis system. RESULTS:  -  Of 167 MM cases, 107 showed @entity7513 VH-JH rearrangement, 33 showed @entity7513 DH-JH rearrangement, and 30% showed @entity7513 DH-JH rearrangement in 60 @entity7513 VH-JH rearrangement negative MM cases. The difference was statistically significant between @entity7513 VH-JH rearrangement positive and negative cases   14.0% vs 30.0%, P=0.032   . The total positive rate of @entity7513 VH-JH, @entity7513 DH-JH and @entity1016 was 94.6%. The 20 reactive plasmacytosis   RP   cases showed negative Ig gene rearrangement.  - Of 167 MM cases, 9   5.4%   showed clonal @entity7513 rearrangement by agarose electrophoresis were confirmed as polyclonality by capillary electrophoresis.  -  Of 53 MM cases who have been detected by Ig gene rearrangement system and fluorescence in situ hybridization   FISH   for @entity7513 simultaneously, 36 showed @entity7513 rearrangement, 26 showed FISH @entity7513 positive, and the difference was statistically significant    67.9% vs 49.1%, P=0.049   . CONCLUSION: Combined detection of @entity7513 VH- JH, @entity7513 DH- JH and @entity1016 could improve the positive rate of MM clonality dramatically, and measurement of @entity7513 DH-JH rearrangement was more important in the @entity7513 VH- JH negative cases. Ig gene rearrangement system was a faster and more sensitive method than FISH @entity7513 . Application of BIOMED- 2 standardized immunoglobulin    Ig    gene rearrangement system is of significance for MM diagnosis.

title: [Application of BIOMED- 2 standardized Ig gene rearrangement system in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Alveologenesis is the final step of lung maturation, which subdivides the alveolar region of the lung into smaller units called alveoli. Each of the nascent dividers serves as a new gas-exchange surface, and collectively they drastically increase the surface area for breathing. Disruption of alveologenesis results in simplification of alveoli, as is seen in premature @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ), a prevalent @entity358 that is often associated with lifelong @entity1353 . To date, a majority of studies of alveologenesis rely on two-dimensional (2D) analysis of tissue sections. Given that an overarching theme of alveologenesis is thinning and extension of the epithelium and mesenchyme to facilitate gas exchange, often only a small portion of a cell or a cellular structure is represented in a single 2D plane. Here, we use a three-dimensional (3D) approach to examine the structural architecture and cellular composition of myofibroblasts, alveolar type 2 cells, @entity20616 and lipid droplets in normal as well as @entity2107 -like @entity19 lung. We found that 2D finger-like septal crests, commonly used to depict growing alveolar septae, are often artifacts of sectioning through fully established alveolar walls. Instead, a more accurate representation of growing septae are 3D ridges that are lined by platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha ( @entity20421 ) and @entity3113 ( @entity3113 )-expressing myofibroblasts, as well as the @entity20616 fibers that they produce. Accordingly in 3D, both @entity3113 and @entity20616 were each found in connected networks underlying the 3D septal ridges rather than as isolated dots at the tip of 2D septal crests. Analysis through representative stages of alveologenesis revealed unappreciated dynamic changes in these patterns. @entity20421 -expressing cells are only @entity3113 -positive during the first phase of alveologenesis, but not in the second phase, suggesting that the two phases of septae formation may be driven by distinct mechanisms. Thin @entity20616 fibers are already present in the alveolar region prior to alveologenesis, suggesting that during alveologenesis, there is not only new @entity20616 deposition, but also extensive remodeling to transform thin and uniformly distributed fibers into thick cables that rim the nascent septae. Analysis of several genetic as well as @entity871 -induced models of @entity2107 revealed that the myofibroblast organization is perturbed in all, regardless of whether the origin of defect is epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial or environmental. Finally, analysis of relative position of @entity20421 -positive cells and alveolar type 2 cells reveal that during alveologenesis, these two cell types are not always adjacent to one another. This result suggests that the niche and progenitor relationship afforded by their close juxtaposition in the adult lung may be a later acquired property. These insights revealed by 3D reconstruction of the septae set the foundation for future investigations of the mechanisms driving normal alveologenesis, as well as causes of alveolar simplification in @entity2107 .

title: A three-dimensional study of alveologenesis in XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity3113 :: ('11475(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha smooth muscle actin', 'a-SMA']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: T(H)17 cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and @entity56 . Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), a therapeutic preparation of polyclonal IgG that is increasingly used in the treatment of diverse autoimmune and @entity56 , might target T(H)17 cells to exert therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine whether IVIg interferes with the development and function of @entity1 T(H)17 cells. METHODS: T(H)17 cells were differentiated from naive @entity1 @entity404 (+) T cells in the presence of @entity2533 and @entity15787 . T(H)17 cells were amplified by stimulating memory @entity404 (+) T cells in the presence of @entity1356 and @entity650 . The effect of IVIg was examined on the differentiation and amplification of T(H)17 cells, expression of the T(H)17 lineage-specific transcription factor @entity1968 -related orphan receptor C, secretion of T(H)17 effector cytokines, and phosphorylation of @entity4104 , a transcription factor that plays an important role in T(H)17 cell development and function. RESULTS: IVIg inhibits the differentiation and amplification of @entity1 T(H)17 cells, as well as the production of their effector cytokines @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity15787 , and @entity16365 . The inhibitory effects of IVIg on T(H)17 cells are F(ab')(2) dependent and involve interference with the expression of @entity1968 -related orphan receptor C and activation of @entity4104 . Also, IVIg significantly enhanced forkhead box protein 3-positive regulatory T cells among the memory @entity404 (+) T cells. CONCLUSION: These results reveal a novel mechanism of action of IVIg in achieving a therapeutic effect in autoimmune and @entity56 , in which T(H)17 cells play a key modulatory role in sustaining the chronic inflammatory response. Our results also suggest a reciprocal regulation of T(H)17 and regulatory T-cell populations by IVIg.

title: Inhibition of differentiation, amplification, and function of XXXX TH17 cells by intravenous immunoglobulin.

entities_list: @entity4104 :: ('6774', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription 3']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity56 ( @entity56 ) is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory reaction to cutaneous exposure to small sensitizing chemicals, haptens. Majority of @entity56 studies were conducted in @entity19 and there is paucity of data in other experimental animals. In the present study, characteristics of contact @entity56 reaction to @entity3304 ( @entity3304 ) were determined in Th1-prone Dark Agouti (DA) @entity35 by evaluating sensitization phase as a function of time-dependent changes in draining lymph nodes (DLN). Apart from basic indices of DLN activity (cellularity and proliferation), the production of cytokines relevant for @entity56 induction, @entity568 ( @entity568 ), interferon-y (IFN-y), @entity7940 ( @entity7940 ) and @entity12718 ( @entity12718 ) was analyzed. Anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ) production by DLN cells was determined as well. Highest production of @entity568 , IFN-y and @entity7940 in sensitized animals was observed at day 3 after @entity3304 application, with a decrease at day 5. Increased messages for IFN-y and @entity7940 were noted at this time point. In contrast to inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity12718 ( @entity12718 ) was undetectable during the entire sensitization phase. Differential pattern ( @entity568 and IFN-y) and level (IFN-y and @entity7940 ) of inflammatory cytokine production was noted in sensitized Th2-prone Albino Oxford (AO) @entity35 . Similarly to DA @entity35 , no changes in @entity12718 were noted in AO @entity35 -dependent differences in inflammatory cytokine production seem to be based on anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ). Production of IFN-y concomitantly with undetectable @entity12718 in both strains classify @entity35 @entity56 to @entity3304 as Th1/type 1 reaction. Detection of @entity7940 in sensitized DLN cells points to the involvement of T( @entity7940 ) cells in @entity35 contact @entity56 .

title: Contact XXXX response to @entity3304 ( @entity3304 ) in @entity35 : insight from sensitization phase.

entities_list: @entity3304 :: ('MESH:D004137', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrochlorobenzene', 'DNCB']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['CHS', 'Contact hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats. Strain', 'rats']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: @entity56 ( @entity56 ) is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory reaction to cutaneous exposure to small sensitizing chemicals, haptens. Majority of @entity56 studies were conducted in @entity19 and there is paucity of data in other experimental animals. In the present study, characteristics of contact @entity56 reaction to @entity3304 ( @entity3304 ) were determined in Th1-prone Dark Agouti (DA) @entity35 by evaluating sensitization phase as a function of time-dependent changes in draining lymph nodes (DLN). Apart from basic indices of DLN activity (cellularity and proliferation), the production of cytokines relevant for @entity56 induction, @entity568 ( @entity568 ), interferon-y (IFN-y), @entity7940 ( @entity7940 ) and @entity12718 ( @entity12718 ) was analyzed. Anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ) production by DLN cells was determined as well. Highest production of @entity568 , IFN-y and @entity7940 in sensitized animals was observed at day 3 after @entity3304 application, with a decrease at day 5. Increased messages for IFN-y and @entity7940 were noted at this time point. In contrast to inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity12718 ( @entity12718 ) was undetectable during the entire sensitization phase. Differential pattern ( @entity568 and IFN-y) and level (IFN-y and @entity7940 ) of inflammatory cytokine production was noted in sensitized Th2-prone Albino Oxford (AO) @entity35 . Similarly to DA @entity35 , no changes in @entity12718 were noted in AO @entity35 -dependent differences in inflammatory cytokine production seem to be based on anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ). Production of IFN-y concomitantly with undetectable @entity12718 in both strains classify @entity35 @entity56 to @entity3304 as Th1/type 1 reaction. Detection of @entity7940 in sensitized DLN cells points to the involvement of T( @entity7940 ) cells in @entity35 contact @entity56 .

title: Contact @entity56 response to XXXX ( @entity3304 ) in @entity35 : insight from sensitization phase.

answer: @entity3304 :: (MESH:D004137,Chemical) :: ['dinitrochlorobenzene']


abstract: @entity56 ( @entity56 ) is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory reaction to cutaneous exposure to small sensitizing chemicals, haptens. Majority of @entity56 studies were conducted in @entity19 and there is paucity of data in other experimental animals. In the present study, characteristics of contact @entity56 reaction to @entity3304 ( @entity3304 ) were determined in Th1-prone Dark Agouti (DA) @entity35 by evaluating sensitization phase as a function of time-dependent changes in draining lymph nodes (DLN). Apart from basic indices of DLN activity (cellularity and proliferation), the production of cytokines relevant for @entity56 induction, @entity568 ( @entity568 ), interferon-y (IFN-y), @entity7940 ( @entity7940 ) and @entity12718 ( @entity12718 ) was analyzed. Anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ) production by DLN cells was determined as well. Highest production of @entity568 , IFN-y and @entity7940 in sensitized animals was observed at day 3 after @entity3304 application, with a decrease at day 5. Increased messages for IFN-y and @entity7940 were noted at this time point. In contrast to inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity12718 ( @entity12718 ) was undetectable during the entire sensitization phase. Differential pattern ( @entity568 and IFN-y) and level (IFN-y and @entity7940 ) of inflammatory cytokine production was noted in sensitized Th2-prone Albino Oxford (AO) @entity35 . Similarly to DA @entity35 , no changes in @entity12718 were noted in AO @entity35 -dependent differences in inflammatory cytokine production seem to be based on anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ). Production of IFN-y concomitantly with undetectable @entity12718 in both strains classify @entity35 @entity56 to @entity3304 as Th1/type 1 reaction. Detection of @entity7940 in sensitized DLN cells points to the involvement of T( @entity7940 ) cells in @entity35 contact @entity56 .

title: Contact @entity56 response to @entity3304 ( XXXX ) in @entity35 : insight from sensitization phase.

answer: @entity3304 :: (MESH:D004137,Chemical) :: ['DNCB']


abstract: @entity56 ( @entity56 ) is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory reaction to cutaneous exposure to small sensitizing chemicals, haptens. Majority of @entity56 studies were conducted in @entity19 and there is paucity of data in other experimental animals. In the present study, characteristics of contact @entity56 reaction to @entity3304 ( @entity3304 ) were determined in Th1-prone Dark Agouti (DA) @entity35 by evaluating sensitization phase as a function of time-dependent changes in draining lymph nodes (DLN). Apart from basic indices of DLN activity (cellularity and proliferation), the production of cytokines relevant for @entity56 induction, @entity568 ( @entity568 ), interferon-y (IFN-y), @entity7940 ( @entity7940 ) and @entity12718 ( @entity12718 ) was analyzed. Anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ) production by DLN cells was determined as well. Highest production of @entity568 , IFN-y and @entity7940 in sensitized animals was observed at day 3 after @entity3304 application, with a decrease at day 5. Increased messages for IFN-y and @entity7940 were noted at this time point. In contrast to inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity12718 ( @entity12718 ) was undetectable during the entire sensitization phase. Differential pattern ( @entity568 and IFN-y) and level (IFN-y and @entity7940 ) of inflammatory cytokine production was noted in sensitized Th2-prone Albino Oxford (AO) @entity35 . Similarly to DA @entity35 , no changes in @entity12718 were noted in AO @entity35 -dependent differences in inflammatory cytokine production seem to be based on anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity13358 ( @entity13358 ). Production of IFN-y concomitantly with undetectable @entity12718 in both strains classify @entity35 @entity56 to @entity3304 as Th1/type 1 reaction. Detection of @entity7940 in sensitized DLN cells points to the involvement of T( @entity7940 ) cells in @entity35 contact @entity56 .

title: Contact @entity56 response to @entity3304 ( @entity3304 ) in XXXX : insight from sensitization phase.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity454 ( @entity454 ) has been reported to be an important risk factor for @entity455 . @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ) is closely related with @entity65 ; however, its association with @entity454 had not been reported. The aim of the study was to investigate whether @entity454 is a risk factor for @entity2994 , including @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ) and branch @entity2994 (BRVO). This population-based study is based on the longitudinal data from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The study cohort comprised 5344 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity454 on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis during the period from January 1996 to December 2011. For each @entity454 @entity1 , we selected 20 non- @entity454 @entity1 matched on age and sex. Each @entity454 @entity1 and his/her controls were followed from the initiation of renal dialysis until either the diagnosis of @entity2994 or censorship. Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the hazard of @entity2994 between cohorts. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) adjusted by the comorbidities of @entity2994 including @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity101 , @entity1007 , and @entity2298 . After stratifying by @entity6 status, the statistics were applied again to examine the associations among the @entity6 cohort and non- @entity6 cohort.The 16-year @entity2994 cumulative incidence for @entity454 cohort was 2-fold to the non- @entity454 (1.01% vs 0.46%). After matching with age, sex, @entity101 , and @entity1007 , the adjusted HR was 1.46 (95% confidence interval=1.07-2.01, P value=0.018). By further excluding @entity1 with @entity6 , the adjusted HR escalated to 2.43 (95% confidence interval=1.54-3.83, P<0.001). In contrast, there was no significant risk of @entity454 on @entity2994 in the @entity6 @entity1 (HR=1.03). We conclude that among the non- @entity6 @entity1 , @entity454 cases had significantly higher @entity2994 rate than the non- @entity454 , which indicates that @entity454 maybe a potential risk factor for the development of @entity2994 in nondiabetic @entity1 .

title: End Stage Renal Disease as a Potential Risk Factor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesteremia']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion', 'RVO', 'central retinal vein occlusion', 'CRVO', 'Retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['End stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['Retinal Vein Occlusion']


abstract: Cytokinins (CKs) are plant hormones affecting numerous developmental processes. @entity30973 and its derivatives are the most important group of @entity12307 CKs. Zeatin occurs as two isomers: while @entity30119 (transZ) was found to be a bioactive substance, @entity72406 (cisZ) was reported to have a weak biological impact. Even though cisZ derivatives are abundant in various plant materials their biological role is still unknown. The comprehensive screen of land plants presented here suggests that cisZ-type CKs occur ubiquitously in the plant kingdom but their abundance might correlate with a strategy of life rather than with evolutionary complexity. Changing levels of transZ and cisZ during @entity958 ontogenesis show that levels of the two zeatin isomers can differ significantly during the life span of the plant, with cisZ-type CKs prevalent in the developmental stages associated with limited growth. A survey of the bioassays employed illustrates mild activity of cisZ and its derivatives. No cis   trans isomerization, which would account for the effects of cisZ, was observed in @entity286 cells and oat leaves. Differences in uptake between the two isomers resulting in distinct bioactivity have not been detected. In contrast, cisZ and transZ have a different metabolic fate in oat and @entity286 . Analysis of a CK-degrading enzyme, cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), reveals that @entity958 possesses two isoforms, @entity72407 expressed in stages of active growth, and @entity72408 , both of which have the highest affinity for the cisZ isomer. Based on the present results, the conceivable function of cisZ-type CKs as delicate regulators of CK responses in plants under growth-limiting conditions is hypothesized.

title: Distribution, biological activities, metabolism, and the conceivable function of XXXX -type cytokinins in plants.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity12307 :: ('CHEBI:24913', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenoid']

entities_list: @entity30119 :: ('CHEBI:16522', 'Chemical') :: ['trans-zeatin']

entities_list: @entity72406 :: ('CHEBI:46570', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-zeatin']

answer: @entity72406 :: (CHEBI:46570,Chemical) :: ['cis-zeatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6447 and @entity9718 are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and often overlapping @entity16 . Mutations in @entity12429 cause the @entity9718 ( @entity12429 ), but recent studies indicate that they are also one of the most common causes of @entity6447 . In Quebec, a significant number of @entity1 affected with @entity6447 and @entity508 remain without a molecular diagnosis. We performed whole-exome sequencing in three @entity27868 ( @entity27868 ) @entity1 affected with @entity23334 and uncovered compound heterozygous variants in @entity12429 in all three. Sanger sequencing of @entity12429 exons and exon/intron boundaries was used to screen additional @entity1 . In total, we identified recessive variants in @entity12429 in 22 @entity27868 @entity1 belonging to 12 families (38.7% of the families screened), including two novel variants. The @entity72409 variant was the most common in our cohort. Cerebellar features, including ataxia, were more pronounced than @entity508 in this cohort. These results strongly suggest that variants affecting the function of @entity12429 are the fourth most common form of @entity2055 in @entity27868 @entity1 . Thus, we propose that @entity12429 mutations explain a significant proportion of @entity27868 @entity23334 cases and that this gene should be considered in unresolved @entity1 .European Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 2 December 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.240.

title: @entity12429 mutations explain a significant proportion of XXXX @entity23334 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity27868 :: ('MESH:C537004', 'Disease') :: ['French Canadian', 'FC']

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia type 7', 'hereditary spastic paraplegias']

entities_list: @entity23334 :: ('MESH:C564815', 'Disease') :: ['spastic ataxia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary cerebellar ataxias', 'cerebellar ataxia', 'recessive cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['recessive ataxia']

entities_list: @entity72409 :: ('p|SUB|A|510|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.(Ala510Val)']

answer: @entity27868 :: (MESH:C537004,Disease) :: ['French Canadian']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6447 and @entity9718 are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and often overlapping @entity16 . Mutations in @entity12429 cause the @entity9718 ( @entity12429 ), but recent studies indicate that they are also one of the most common causes of @entity6447 . In Quebec, a significant number of @entity1 affected with @entity6447 and @entity508 remain without a molecular diagnosis. We performed whole-exome sequencing in three @entity27868 ( @entity27868 ) @entity1 affected with @entity23334 and uncovered compound heterozygous variants in @entity12429 in all three. Sanger sequencing of @entity12429 exons and exon/intron boundaries was used to screen additional @entity1 . In total, we identified recessive variants in @entity12429 in 22 @entity27868 @entity1 belonging to 12 families (38.7% of the families screened), including two novel variants. The @entity72409 variant was the most common in our cohort. Cerebellar features, including ataxia, were more pronounced than @entity508 in this cohort. These results strongly suggest that variants affecting the function of @entity12429 are the fourth most common form of @entity2055 in @entity27868 @entity1 . Thus, we propose that @entity12429 mutations explain a significant proportion of @entity27868 @entity23334 cases and that this gene should be considered in unresolved @entity1 .European Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 2 December 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.240.

title: @entity12429 mutations explain a significant proportion of @entity27868 XXXX cases.

answer: @entity23334 :: (MESH:C564815,Disease) :: ['spastic ataxia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6447 and @entity9718 are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and often overlapping @entity16 . Mutations in @entity12429 cause the @entity9718 ( @entity12429 ), but recent studies indicate that they are also one of the most common causes of @entity6447 . In Quebec, a significant number of @entity1 affected with @entity6447 and @entity508 remain without a molecular diagnosis. We performed whole-exome sequencing in three @entity27868 ( @entity27868 ) @entity1 affected with @entity23334 and uncovered compound heterozygous variants in @entity12429 in all three. Sanger sequencing of @entity12429 exons and exon/intron boundaries was used to screen additional @entity1 . In total, we identified recessive variants in @entity12429 in 22 @entity27868 @entity1 belonging to 12 families (38.7% of the families screened), including two novel variants. The @entity72409 variant was the most common in our cohort. Cerebellar features, including ataxia, were more pronounced than @entity508 in this cohort. These results strongly suggest that variants affecting the function of @entity12429 are the fourth most common form of @entity2055 in @entity27868 @entity1 . Thus, we propose that @entity12429 mutations explain a significant proportion of @entity27868 @entity23334 cases and that this gene should be considered in unresolved @entity1 .European Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 2 December 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.240.

title: XXXX mutations explain a significant proportion of @entity27868 @entity23334 cases.

answer: @entity12429 :: (6687,Gene) :: ['SPG7']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity158 is a troublesome nonmotor symptom of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). This double-blind exploratory pilot study (NCT01744496) was the first to specifically investigate the effect of a @entity935 agonist on @entity191 -associated @entity158 as primary outcome. @entity1 with @entity191 (ie, receiving @entity3034 ) and at least moderate @entity191 -associated @entity1118 (>= 3 months, >= 4 points on 11-point @entity158 scale) were randomized to @entity26742 (optimal/maximum dose  <=16 mg/24h) or placebo, and maintained for 12 weeks. Primary efficacy variable: change in @entity158 severity ( @entity158 scale) from baseline to end of maintenance. Secondary variables included percentage of responders (>= 2-point @entity158 scale reduction), King's @entity191 @entity158 Scale (KPPS) domains, and @entity191 Questionnaire (PDQ-8). Statistical analyses were exploratory. Of 68 randomized @entity1 , 60 ( @entity26742 , 30; placebo, 30) were evaluable for efficacy. A numerical improvement in @entity158 was observed in favor of @entity26742 ( @entity158 scale: least-squares mean [95%CI] treatment difference, -0.76 [-1.87 to 0.34]; P = .172), and proportion of responders was 18/30 (60%) @entity26742 versus 14/30 (47%) placebo. An    2-fold numerical improvement in KPPS domain "fluctuation-related @entity158 " was observed with @entity26742 versus placebo. @entity26742 improved PDQ-8 versus placebo (-8.01 [-15.56 to -0.46]; P = .038). These results suggest @entity26742 may improve @entity191 -associated @entity158 ; a large-scale confirmatory study is needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A Randomized Controlled Exploratory Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of @entity26742 Transdermal Patch on @entity191 -Associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity26742 :: ('MESH:C047508', 'Chemical') :: ['rotigotine', 'Rotigotine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'advanced-PD', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'Likert pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity158 is a troublesome nonmotor symptom of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). This double-blind exploratory pilot study (NCT01744496) was the first to specifically investigate the effect of a @entity935 agonist on @entity191 -associated @entity158 as primary outcome. @entity1 with @entity191 (ie, receiving @entity3034 ) and at least moderate @entity191 -associated @entity1118 (>= 3 months, >= 4 points on 11-point @entity158 scale) were randomized to @entity26742 (optimal/maximum dose  <=16 mg/24h) or placebo, and maintained for 12 weeks. Primary efficacy variable: change in @entity158 severity ( @entity158 scale) from baseline to end of maintenance. Secondary variables included percentage of responders (>= 2-point @entity158 scale reduction), King's @entity191 @entity158 Scale (KPPS) domains, and @entity191 Questionnaire (PDQ-8). Statistical analyses were exploratory. Of 68 randomized @entity1 , 60 ( @entity26742 , 30; placebo, 30) were evaluable for efficacy. A numerical improvement in @entity158 was observed in favor of @entity26742 ( @entity158 scale: least-squares mean [95%CI] treatment difference, -0.76 [-1.87 to 0.34]; P = .172), and proportion of responders was 18/30 (60%) @entity26742 versus 14/30 (47%) placebo. An    2-fold numerical improvement in KPPS domain "fluctuation-related @entity158 " was observed with @entity26742 versus placebo. @entity26742 improved PDQ-8 versus placebo (-8.01 [-15.56 to -0.46]; P = .038). These results suggest @entity26742 may improve @entity191 -associated @entity158 ; a large-scale confirmatory study is needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A Randomized Controlled Exploratory Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of @entity26742 Transdermal Patch on XXXX -Associated @entity1118 .

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity158 is a troublesome nonmotor symptom of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). This double-blind exploratory pilot study (NCT01744496) was the first to specifically investigate the effect of a @entity935 agonist on @entity191 -associated @entity158 as primary outcome. @entity1 with @entity191 (ie, receiving @entity3034 ) and at least moderate @entity191 -associated @entity1118 (>= 3 months, >= 4 points on 11-point @entity158 scale) were randomized to @entity26742 (optimal/maximum dose  <=16 mg/24h) or placebo, and maintained for 12 weeks. Primary efficacy variable: change in @entity158 severity ( @entity158 scale) from baseline to end of maintenance. Secondary variables included percentage of responders (>= 2-point @entity158 scale reduction), King's @entity191 @entity158 Scale (KPPS) domains, and @entity191 Questionnaire (PDQ-8). Statistical analyses were exploratory. Of 68 randomized @entity1 , 60 ( @entity26742 , 30; placebo, 30) were evaluable for efficacy. A numerical improvement in @entity158 was observed in favor of @entity26742 ( @entity158 scale: least-squares mean [95%CI] treatment difference, -0.76 [-1.87 to 0.34]; P = .172), and proportion of responders was 18/30 (60%) @entity26742 versus 14/30 (47%) placebo. An    2-fold numerical improvement in KPPS domain "fluctuation-related @entity158 " was observed with @entity26742 versus placebo. @entity26742 improved PDQ-8 versus placebo (-8.01 [-15.56 to -0.46]; P = .038). These results suggest @entity26742 may improve @entity191 -associated @entity158 ; a large-scale confirmatory study is needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A Randomized Controlled Exploratory Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of XXXX Transdermal Patch on @entity191 -Associated @entity1118 .

answer: @entity26742 :: (MESH:C047508,Chemical) :: ['Rotigotine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Reinforcement and error-based processes are essential for motor learning, with the cerebellum thought to be required only for the error-based mechanism. Here we examined learning and retention of a reaching skill under both processes. Control subjects learned similarly from reinforcement and error-based feedback, but showed much better retention under reinforcement. To apply reinforcement to cerebellar @entity1 , we developed a closed-loop reinforcement schedule in which task difficulty was controlled based on recent performance. This schedule produced substantial learning in cerebellar @entity1 and controls. Cerebellar @entity1 varied in their learning under reinforcement but fully retained what was learned. In contrast, they showed complete lack of retention in error-based learning. We developed a mechanistic model of the reinforcement task and found that learning depended on a balance between exploration variability and motor noise. While the cerebellar and control groups had similar exploration variability, the @entity1 had greater motor noise and hence learned less. Our results suggest that @entity76 indirectly impairs reinforcement learning by increasing motor noise, but does not interfere with the reinforcement mechanism itself. Therefore, reinforcement can be used to learn and retain novel skills, but optimal reinforcement learning requires a balance between exploration variability and motor noise.

title: Effective reinforcement learning XXXX requires a balance between exploration and motor noise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar damage']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['following cerebellar damage']


abstract: @entity794 8325-4 was shown to produce alpha-, beta-, delta- and gamma-haemolysins by haemolytic assays and immunoblotting. Hybridization experiments indicated that a single copy of the alpha-haemolysin gene (hla) resides in the chromosome. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to inactivate the hla gene. This gene, which had previously been cloned in @entity526 , was inactivated in vitro by inserting a fragment carrying an @entity2929 resistance marker. Shuttle plasmids were constructed and transformed into 8325-4 and non-haemolytic recombinants enriched by a plasmid incompatibility technique. A previously isolated Tn551 insertion defective in alpha-haemolysin was not located in hla. It had pleiotropic defects in expression of alpha-, beta- and delta-haemolysins. Expression of alpha-haemolysin from a plasmid-located hla gene was very low. In contrast, hla-erm mutants were deficient only in alpha-haemolysin and allowed high level expression of the plasmid-borne hla gene. The Tn551 insertion is probably located in a gene encoding a positive regulatory element required for expression of several exoproteins. An hla-erm mutant was less virulent than the otherwise isogenic 8325-4 hla+ strain in a @entity19 @entity298 model, confirming that alpha-haemolysin is an important virulence factor.

title: Inactivation of the alpha-haemolysin gene of XXXX 8325-4 by site-directed mutagenesis and studies on the expression of its haemolysins.

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['S. aureus strain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: A 30 year old @entity1 admitted with a brain stem @entity1188 presented with intellectual deterioration. A diagnosis of @entity4889 (S.L.E.) was based on the presence of five A.R.A. criteria :photosensitivity, @entity4841 , @entity1431 and @entity882 , false positive syphilitic serology, antinuclear factors on immunofluorescence. A lupus type circulating anticoagulant (L.C.A.) was no longer detected after corticotherapy. This appears to be a case of the "hematologic" form of S.L.E. in which the presence of L.C.A. predisposes towards @entity715 , not only of veins--which is typical--but also of arteries. These may be isolated and reveal the underlying disease as in the present case. The L.C.A. is an antibody possessing antiphospholipid specificity which explains the anticoagulant action in vitro and the thrombogenic effect in vivo. Some authors consider this to be sufficient justification for administration of anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet agents, but corticotherapy may be effective.

title: [Brain stem XXXX , systemic lupus erythematosus and circulating lupus anticoagulant].

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: Concealing emotions at work can cause considerable psychological stress. While there is extensive research on the adverse health effects of concealing emotions and the association between @entity56 and stress, research has not yet investigated whether concealing emotions at work is associated with @entity2023 . @entity2023 is a common disease in many industrialized countries, and its prevalence is increasing. Thus, our aim was to determine the strength of this association using data from three years (2007-2009) of the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. @entity1 (aged 20-64) were 8,345 individuals who were economically active and who had completed the questionnaire items on concealing emotions at work. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for @entity2023 using logistic regression models. Among all @entity1 , 3,140 subjects (37.6%) reported concealing their emotions at work: 1,661 @entity1 and 1,479 @entity1 . The OR (95% CIs) for @entity2023 among those who concealed emotions at work versus those who did not was 1.318 (1.148-1.512). Stratified by sex, the OR (95% CIs) was 1.307 (1.078-1.585) among @entity1 and 1.346 (1.105-1.639) among @entity1 . Thus, individuals who concealed their emotions at work were significantly more likely to have a diagnosis of @entity1984 in comparison to those who did not. Because concealing emotions at work has adverse health effects, labor policies that aim to reduce this practice are needed.

title: Concealing Emotions at Work Is Associated with XXXX in Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['Allergic Rhinitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare rebleeding rates following treatment of @entity548 with TIPS alone versus TIPS with variceal embolization in the covered stent-graft era. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 52 @entity1 (M:F 29:23, median age 52  years) with @entity1575 and @entity548 underwent TIPS insertion between 2003 and 2008. Median @entity1 -Pugh and MELD scores were 8.5 and 13.5. Generally, 10-mm diameter TIPS were created using covered stent-grafts (Viatorr; W.L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ). A total of 37 @entity1 underwent TIPS alone, while 15 @entity1 underwent TIPS with variceal embolization. The rates of rebleeding and survival were compared. RESULTS: All TIPS were technically successful. Median portosystemic pressure gradient reductions were 13 versus 11  mmHg in the embolization and non-embolization groups. There were no statistically significant differences in @entity1 -Pugh and MELD score, or portosystemic pressure gradients between each group. A trend toward increased rebleeding was present in the non-embolization group, where 8/37 (21.6%) @entity1 rebled while 1/15 (6.7%) @entity1 in the TIPS with embolization group rebled (P  =  0.159) during median follow-up periods of 199 and 252  days (P  =  0.374). Rebleeding approached statistical significance among @entity1 with @entity548 , where 8/32 (25%) versus 0/14 (0%) rebled in the non-embolization and embolization groups (P  =  0.055). A trend toward increased bleeding-related mortality was seen in the non-embolization group (P  =  0.120). CONCLUSIONS: TIPS alone showed a high incidence of rebleeding in this series, whereas TIPS with variceal embolization resulted in reduced recurrent @entity548 . The efficacy of embolization during TIPS performed for @entity548 versus TIPS alone should be further compared with larger prospective randomized trials.

title: Rebleeding rates following TIPS for XXXX in the Viatorr era: TIPS alone versus TIPS with variceal embolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'acute hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['variceal hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity11438 ( @entity11438 ) is a distinct clinical syndrome that is characterized by the acute onset of shoulder and arm @entity158 , @entity425 , and sensory loss. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics of @entity11438 and to determine appropriate diagnostic modalities. METHODS: We reviewed the medical and radiologic records of 10 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity11438 retrospectively. Neurophysiologic studies were performed in all @entity1 and magnetic resonance neurography was performed in the last three @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 10 @entity1 were enrolled in our study. All @entity1 had clinical findings compatible with @entity11438 . The most common clinical presentation was severe shoulder @entity158 and @entity425 in seven @entity1 (70%). Neurophysiologic study results were abnormal in all @entity1 . Brachial plexus magnetic resonance neurography showed that the affected brachial plexus showed a thickened and hyper-intense trunk. All @entity1 were managed conservatively with analgesics and physical therapy. The @entity158 and @entity912 of all @entity1 improved clinically within 6 months of the initiation of treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity11438 is a rare disease but the symptoms of @entity11438 can mimic those of other diseases. Neurophysiologic studies and magnetic resonance neurography are extremely useful tools for the diagnosis of @entity11438 .

title: Neuroradiologic and neurophysiologic findings of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['NA', 'Neuralgic amyotrophy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity11438 :: (MESH:D020968,Disease) :: ['neuralgic amyotrophy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Expression of the Down syndrome critical region 1 ( @entity55686 ) protein, an inhibitor of the @entity141 -dependent phosphatase @entity53921 , is elevated in the brains of @entity1 with Down syndrome (DS) or @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Although increased levels of @entity55686 were often observed to be deleterious to neuronal health, its beneficial effects against @entity195 neuropathology also have been reported, and the roles of @entity55686 on the pathogenesis of @entity195 remain controversial. Here, we investigated the role of sarah ( @entity72410 )/nebula, a @entity238 @entity55686 ortholog, in amyloid-b42 (Ab42)-induced neurological phenotypes in @entity238 . We detected @entity72410 expression in the mushroom bodies of the @entity238 brain, which are a center for learning and memory in flies. Moreover, similar to @entity1 with @entity195 , Ab42-expressing flies showed increased @entity72410 levels in the brain, demonstrating that the expression pattern of @entity55686 with regard to @entity195 pathogenesis is conserved in @entity238 . Interestingly, overexpression of @entity72410 using the UAS-GAL4 system exacerbated the rough eye phenotype, decreased survival rates, and increased neuronal cell death in Ab42-expressing flies without modulating Ab42 expression. Moreover, neuronal overexpression of @entity72410 in combination with Ab42 dramatically reduced both locomotor activity and the adult lifespan of Ab42-expressing flies, while flies with overexpression of @entity72410 alone showed normal climbing ability albeit with a slightly reduced lifespan. Similarly, treatment with chemical inhibitors of @entity53921 such as @entity1140 and @entity205 , or knockdown of @entity53921 expression by RNAi, exacerbated the Ab42-induced rough eye phenotype. Furthermore, @entity72410 -overexpressing flies displayed significantly decreased mitochondrial DNA and @entity855 levels, as well as increased susceptibility to oxidative stress compared to that of control flies. Taken together, our results demonstrating that @entity72410 overexpression augments Ab42 @entity137 in @entity238 suggest that @entity55686 up-regulation or @entity53921 down-regulation in the brain may exacerbate Ab42-associated neuropathogenesis in @entity195 or DS.

title: The XXXX inhibitor, Sarah/Nebula, exacerbates Ab42 phenotypes in a @entity238 model of @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['fly', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity53921 :: (43670(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['calcineurin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Expression of the Down syndrome critical region 1 ( @entity55686 ) protein, an inhibitor of the @entity141 -dependent phosphatase @entity53921 , is elevated in the brains of @entity1 with Down syndrome (DS) or @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Although increased levels of @entity55686 were often observed to be deleterious to neuronal health, its beneficial effects against @entity195 neuropathology also have been reported, and the roles of @entity55686 on the pathogenesis of @entity195 remain controversial. Here, we investigated the role of sarah ( @entity72410 )/nebula, a @entity238 @entity55686 ortholog, in amyloid-b42 (Ab42)-induced neurological phenotypes in @entity238 . We detected @entity72410 expression in the mushroom bodies of the @entity238 brain, which are a center for learning and memory in flies. Moreover, similar to @entity1 with @entity195 , Ab42-expressing flies showed increased @entity72410 levels in the brain, demonstrating that the expression pattern of @entity55686 with regard to @entity195 pathogenesis is conserved in @entity238 . Interestingly, overexpression of @entity72410 using the UAS-GAL4 system exacerbated the rough eye phenotype, decreased survival rates, and increased neuronal cell death in Ab42-expressing flies without modulating Ab42 expression. Moreover, neuronal overexpression of @entity72410 in combination with Ab42 dramatically reduced both locomotor activity and the adult lifespan of Ab42-expressing flies, while flies with overexpression of @entity72410 alone showed normal climbing ability albeit with a slightly reduced lifespan. Similarly, treatment with chemical inhibitors of @entity53921 such as @entity1140 and @entity205 , or knockdown of @entity53921 expression by RNAi, exacerbated the Ab42-induced rough eye phenotype. Furthermore, @entity72410 -overexpressing flies displayed significantly decreased mitochondrial DNA and @entity855 levels, as well as increased susceptibility to oxidative stress compared to that of control flies. Taken together, our results demonstrating that @entity72410 overexpression augments Ab42 @entity137 in @entity238 suggest that @entity55686 up-regulation or @entity53921 down-regulation in the brain may exacerbate Ab42-associated neuropathogenesis in @entity195 or DS.

title: The @entity53921 inhibitor, Sarah/Nebula, exacerbates Ab42 phenotypes in a XXXX model of @entity195 .

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Expression of the Down syndrome critical region 1 ( @entity55686 ) protein, an inhibitor of the @entity141 -dependent phosphatase @entity53921 , is elevated in the brains of @entity1 with Down syndrome (DS) or @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Although increased levels of @entity55686 were often observed to be deleterious to neuronal health, its beneficial effects against @entity195 neuropathology also have been reported, and the roles of @entity55686 on the pathogenesis of @entity195 remain controversial. Here, we investigated the role of sarah ( @entity72410 )/nebula, a @entity238 @entity55686 ortholog, in amyloid-b42 (Ab42)-induced neurological phenotypes in @entity238 . We detected @entity72410 expression in the mushroom bodies of the @entity238 brain, which are a center for learning and memory in flies. Moreover, similar to @entity1 with @entity195 , Ab42-expressing flies showed increased @entity72410 levels in the brain, demonstrating that the expression pattern of @entity55686 with regard to @entity195 pathogenesis is conserved in @entity238 . Interestingly, overexpression of @entity72410 using the UAS-GAL4 system exacerbated the rough eye phenotype, decreased survival rates, and increased neuronal cell death in Ab42-expressing flies without modulating Ab42 expression. Moreover, neuronal overexpression of @entity72410 in combination with Ab42 dramatically reduced both locomotor activity and the adult lifespan of Ab42-expressing flies, while flies with overexpression of @entity72410 alone showed normal climbing ability albeit with a slightly reduced lifespan. Similarly, treatment with chemical inhibitors of @entity53921 such as @entity1140 and @entity205 , or knockdown of @entity53921 expression by RNAi, exacerbated the Ab42-induced rough eye phenotype. Furthermore, @entity72410 -overexpressing flies displayed significantly decreased mitochondrial DNA and @entity855 levels, as well as increased susceptibility to oxidative stress compared to that of control flies. Taken together, our results demonstrating that @entity72410 overexpression augments Ab42 @entity137 in @entity238 suggest that @entity55686 up-regulation or @entity53921 down-regulation in the brain may exacerbate Ab42-associated neuropathogenesis in @entity195 or DS.

title: The @entity53921 inhibitor, Sarah/Nebula, exacerbates Ab42 phenotypes in a @entity238 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Thirty-three inpatients (22 females, 11 males, aged 79.4    9.5 years) were investigated in this prospective cohort study to study the @entity305 ( @entity305 ) and @entity303 in geriatric inpatients. Clinical and electrodiagnostic investigations, routine laboratory, including thyroid parameters, @entity1501 , @entity2186 , @entity1255 , @entity6421 , @entity2002 and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured in serum, the mini-mental state examination and computed tomographic scanning were performed in each @entity1 . @entity305 was found clinically and electrodiagnostically in 96% of @entity1 . Age was the most precipitating factor for @entity305 , and was significantly correlated to electrodiagnostic changes in the nerves investigated in both, upper and lower extremities, while clinical symptoms were confined only to the feet. Correlation was seen between @entity1255 and the amplitude of the sural nerve (surAmpl) (rs = -0.406, p = 0.029) as well as the sural nerve conduction velocity (surNCV) (rs = -0.389, p = 0.037), and between @entity6421 and the grade of denervation (rs = 0.445, p = 0.014) in our @entity1 . @entity6421 and @entity2002 did not correlate significantly, but there was a trend to higher @entity2002 concentrations in @entity1 with higher @entity6421 levels (rs = 0.344, p = 0.062). A trend of a correlation was seen between higher @entity1255 concentrations and the number of changes in electrodiagnostic measurements (rs = 0.354, p = 0.055). Twenty-one of the 33 @entity1 (64%) were demented, 9 (27%) presented clinically as mild @entity73 , 3 (9%) were not demented. Vascular risk factors were found in 83%: @entity101 in 58%, hypercholesterinemia in 39%, @entity299 in 36%, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in 21%, peripheral @entity455 (PAD) in 9%. A significant correlation was found between @entity1255 and @entity1501 concentrations (rs = -0.401, p = 0.028). Falls were reported in 48% of cases, indicating @entity305 as a risk factor in this group of @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity305 was found very common with a high coincidence with @entity303 and a female preponderance, suggesting an influence on daily life (falls) in our subjects studied. @entity305 correlated significantly with markers for @entity455 as well as immune activation ( @entity1255 and @entity6421 ) similar to earlier findings in @entity1 with @entity179 , suggesting common therapeutic options in @entity1 with @entity305 and @entity303 .

title: XXXX and @entity303 in old age: common inflammatory and vascular parameters.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease', 'vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['Neopterin', 'neopterin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['prevalence of polyneuropathy', 'PNP']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['Polyneuropathy']


abstract: Thirty-three inpatients (22 females, 11 males, aged 79.4    9.5 years) were investigated in this prospective cohort study to study the @entity305 ( @entity305 ) and @entity303 in geriatric inpatients. Clinical and electrodiagnostic investigations, routine laboratory, including thyroid parameters, @entity1501 , @entity2186 , @entity1255 , @entity6421 , @entity2002 and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured in serum, the mini-mental state examination and computed tomographic scanning were performed in each @entity1 . @entity305 was found clinically and electrodiagnostically in 96% of @entity1 . Age was the most precipitating factor for @entity305 , and was significantly correlated to electrodiagnostic changes in the nerves investigated in both, upper and lower extremities, while clinical symptoms were confined only to the feet. Correlation was seen between @entity1255 and the amplitude of the sural nerve (surAmpl) (rs = -0.406, p = 0.029) as well as the sural nerve conduction velocity (surNCV) (rs = -0.389, p = 0.037), and between @entity6421 and the grade of denervation (rs = 0.445, p = 0.014) in our @entity1 . @entity6421 and @entity2002 did not correlate significantly, but there was a trend to higher @entity2002 concentrations in @entity1 with higher @entity6421 levels (rs = 0.344, p = 0.062). A trend of a correlation was seen between higher @entity1255 concentrations and the number of changes in electrodiagnostic measurements (rs = 0.354, p = 0.055). Twenty-one of the 33 @entity1 (64%) were demented, 9 (27%) presented clinically as mild @entity73 , 3 (9%) were not demented. Vascular risk factors were found in 83%: @entity101 in 58%, hypercholesterinemia in 39%, @entity299 in 36%, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in 21%, peripheral @entity455 (PAD) in 9%. A significant correlation was found between @entity1255 and @entity1501 concentrations (rs = -0.401, p = 0.028). Falls were reported in 48% of cases, indicating @entity305 as a risk factor in this group of @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity305 was found very common with a high coincidence with @entity303 and a female preponderance, suggesting an influence on daily life (falls) in our subjects studied. @entity305 correlated significantly with markers for @entity455 as well as immune activation ( @entity1255 and @entity6421 ) similar to earlier findings in @entity1 with @entity179 , suggesting common therapeutic options in @entity1 with @entity305 and @entity303 .

title: @entity305 and XXXX in old age: common inflammatory and vascular parameters.

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: @entity12395 is the most common cause of anal @entity158 associated with internal anal sphincter @entity4372 . Reduction of hypertonocity is a special treatment for fissure healing. For this purpose chronic anal fissures were conventionally treated by anal dilatation or by lateral sphincterotomy. However, both of these methods may cause a degree of @entity322 in some @entity1 . The uptake of medical therapies that create a reversible chemical sphincterotomy has recently become widespread. The aim of this prospective clinical trial study was to assess the effectiveness of @entity594 in healing anal fissure, a @entity460 channel blocker that reduces sphincter pressure. A single-blind randomized comparative trial was setup to compare traditional treatment with stool softeners and 2% @entity3303 cream against 0.5% @entity594 cream for 4 weeks. 110 @entity1 were included in this study, 60 @entity1 in the @entity594 group and 50 @entity1 in the control group and the therapeutic outcome and side effects were recorded. Healing had occurred in 70% of @entity1 in the @entity594 group and in 12% of @entity1 in the control group after 4 weeks treatment (P < 0.005). Recurrence of symptoms occurred in four of healed @entity1 in the @entity594 group and three @entity1 in the control group in two months. The final result of @entity594 application after 12 months follow up was recurrence in 11 @entity1 (26.19%). Mild @entity10 occurred in four @entity1 (6.6%) of the @entity594 group. @entity1 in the @entity594 group showed significant healing and relief from @entity158 compared with @entity1 in the control group. Recurrence rate with @entity594 use in spite of control of predisposing factors such as constipation was significant. Another finding was low complication rate with this treatment.

title: The effect of topical XXXX in treatment of chronic anal fissure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity12395 :: ('MESH:D005401', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic anal fissure']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: @entity3638 is common in neonates; it can have a serious rising course. Due to its critical morbidity called "kernicterus", severe @entity4629 causes which lead to exchange transfusion, should be clarified. This descriptive cross sectional study performed with reviewing of files of 118 neonates weighting 2kg and more who had exchange transfusion in pediatrics ward at Ghaem training hospital in Mashhad from April 2004 to March 2007. Among 118 @entity1 , 75 (63.6%) were male, and 43 @entity1 (36.4%) were female. The most common cause of exchange transfusion was ABO incompatibility (38.1%). In order of frequency, unknown etiology (25.4%), @entity34372 (16.1%) with no immune hydrops, @entity295 (8.5%), @entity293 (5.1%) and others (3.4%) (Including Crigler-Najjar and cephalohematoma) were next ones. Vaginal delivery and exclusive breast feeding were detected as associated factors. Mean serum @entity648 levels was 28.7 mg/dl (SD. 9.2) ABO incompatibility. ABO incompatibility was the main cause of exchange transfusion. Male gender, vaginal delivery and exclusive breast feeding were seen more among @entity1 who need to be exchanged. So in case of ABO incompatibility especially when delivery route is vaginal, newborns should be visited soon again after early discharge from hospital.

title: Severe XXXX ; causes and contributing factors leading to exchange transfusion at Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4629 :: ('MESH:D051556', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity34372 :: ('MESH:C562717', 'Disease') :: ['Rh incompatibility']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity4629 :: (MESH:D051556,Disease) :: ['neonatal hyperbilirubinemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the short-term and long-term clinical courses of @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ) who underwent different treatments and identify predictive factors for relapse of @entity788 after @entity134 therapy. METHODS: Clinical courses of 50 @entity788 @entity1 followed up for more than 1 year (median 40 months, range: 12-173 months) were examined. @entity1 were subdivided according to initial treatments as follows: surgical procedures in 10 @entity1 , supportive therapy in 11 @entity1 , and @entity134 therapy in 29 @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the surgically treated @entity1 , two underwent @entity134 therapy later because of progressive extensive @entity3807 , respectively. Five conservatively followed-up @entity1 were later given @entity134 therapy because of exacerbation of @entity788 involving the @entity1157 . @entity134 therapy was effective in all @entity1 . @entity4903 and salivary gland dysfunction improved after @entity134 therapy in 100, 85, and 75% of @entity1 , respectively. @entity788 relapsed in five @entity1 initially treated with @entity134 , and presence of hilar @entity1157 stenosis and elevated serum IgG4 levels were significantly associated with relapse. Two relapsed @entity788 @entity1 developed a pancreatic stone 2 and 3 years later. Although seven @entity1 died, no @entity1 died of @entity660 or developed @entity3123 . CONCLUSION: Most @entity788 @entity1 treated with @entity134 had good short-term and long-term outcomes clinically, morphologically, and functionally. Hilar @entity1157 stenosis and elevated serum IgG4 levels were predictors of @entity788 relapse after @entity134 therapy. As some @entity1 developed pancreatic stone formation or a @entity5 during or after @entity134 therapy, @entity788 @entity1 should be rigorously followed up.

title: Short-term and long-term outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis', 'AIP']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy and retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['AIP-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine dysfunctions']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis']


abstract: Clinical symptoms, radiological finding and functional results of @entity1 with @entity401 were followed in a dispensary about 10 years. We compared the progress of 10 @entity1 with @entity3794 histologically proved and of 19 @entity1 without any previous evidence of @entity82 but suspicious of developing @entity82 at present. In both groups we found a rising proportion of @entity1 suffering from dyspnoe on exertion and from increasing impairment. Functionally a significant decrease of the vital capacity was found especially in @entity1 with @entity82 . The course of @entity26 tension during physical exercise on a bicycle ergometer was well correlated to the dyspnoe on exertion. An @entity1030 already existing at the start of the observation period was found to have an unfavourable influence on the progress of the @entity401 . Eight @entity1 being suspicious of a developing @entity82 were investigated clinically. On 5 @entity1 a @entity3794 could be confirmed. A treatment using corticoids was started. To find a progression of a known @entity401 in due time, it is necessary to check thoroughly these @entity1 functionally and radiologically in a dispensary at regular intervals.

title: [Ambulatory care of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung diseases', 'interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung diseases']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to evaluate prognostic indicators in @entity1 receiving endoscopic injection @entity1463 for @entity548 esophageal varices. The results below were obtained from a prospective nonrandomized study in which the @entity1 were subdivided into the following groups (subsets): elective sclerotherapy--10, active variceal @entity548 at endoscopy--47, active variceal @entity548 with spontaneous resolution at the time of endoscopy--21, and gastric variceal @entity548 --nine. The data were analyzed as follows: 14 variables possibly affecting 6-wk survival were evaluated by stepwise logistic regression analysis. Variables examined were subset, age, sex, @entity1 's classification, ascites, comorbid conditions, SGOT, @entity648 , protime, @entity2313 , volume of initial bleed, volume of rebleed, rebleed rate, and Blakemore tube use. Survival curves were also compared using the Kaplan-Meier methodology. The following results were obtained. First, the subsets above had significantly different survival curve patterns with the elective endoscopic injection @entity1463 group having the best prognosis and the gastric variceal bleeders a significantly poorer survival. Second, stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed the following four significant variable prognostic indicators: comorbid factors, subset, @entity1 's classification, and serum @entity2313 . Although the latter two variables, @entity1 's class (p = 0.03) and @entity2313 (p = 0.1) had an impact on six week survival, this was no longer seen when subset (p = 0.0124) and comorbid factors (p = 0.003) were taken into account. We conclude that comorbid factors and subsets of variceal @entity548 in themselves were the only two prognostic indicators showing a statistically significant association with 6-wk and long-term survival. In contrast, the more usual clinical prognostic parameters, i.e., the physical findings and biochemical test of liver function in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity548 , were of lesser prognostic magnitude.

title: Prognostic indicators in XXXX after treatment by schlerotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'acute variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['acute variceal hemorrhage']


abstract: Emergency portacaval shunt for @entity548 is associated with a high operative mortality, particularly if used as a last resort. Because of this, a strong case has been made against emergency shunt. This report describes an experience with emergency portacaval shunt for the treatment of @entity548 when used systematically after hemodynamic stabilization and control of the @entity548 episode with balloon tamponade, if necessary, in @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity409 . The population studied comprised 62 consecutive @entity1 who rebled from varices while participating in a controlled trial of @entity1169 for the prevention of rebleeding. Of the 62 @entity1 , nine died of massive @entity548 and 53 survived the @entity548 . Of the 53 survivors, 11 had severe @entity409 and were not considered for shunt surgery. Of the remaining 42 @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity409 , 36 had emergency central portacaval shunt. The interval between endoscopic diagnosis of @entity548 and surgery averaged 19 +/- 3 hours (mean +/- SE). The operative mortality rate, defined as in-hospital mortality, was 19%. One- and 2-year survival rates were 78% and 71%, respectively. The incidence of postoperative hepatic @entity75 was 36%; all @entity1 responded favorably to protein restriction and lactulose. Thus, under specific conditions, emergency portacaval shunt results in an acceptable long-term survival rate. In @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity409 , emergency portacaval shunt should be considered when other forms of treatment for the prevention of variceal rebleeding have failed.

title: Emergency portacaval shunt for XXXX . A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['variceal hemorrhage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Unrelieved pressure or friction of the skin, particularly over bony prominences, can lead to pressure @entity1066 in up to one third of @entity1 in hospitals or community care, and one fifth of nursing home residents. Pressure @entity1066 are more likely in @entity1 with reduced mobility and poor @entity272 , such as older @entity1 or those with @entity455 . METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments in @entity1 with pressure @entity1066 ? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview). RESULTS: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 307 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 203 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 163 studies and the further review of 40 full publications. Of the 40 full articles evaluated, seven systematic reviews and two RCTs were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for 15 PICO combinations. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for 15 interventions based on information about the effectiveness and safety of air-fluidised supports, alternating-pressure surfaces (including mattresses), debridement, dressings, electrotherapy, hyperbaric @entity26 , low-air-loss beds, low-level laser therapy, low-tech constant-low-pressure supports, nutritional supplements, seat cushions, surgery, therapeutic ultrasound, topical negative pressure, and topical @entity3174 .

title: Pressure XXXX : treatment.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin condition']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most @entity2 @entity1 with skeletal metastases have a short survival and it is difficult to identify those @entity1 who will benefit from palliative surgery. We report complication and survival rates in a consecutive series of @entity2 @entity1 who were operated for symptomatic skeletal metastases. METHODS: This study was based on data recorded in the Karolinska Skeletal Metastasis Register. The study period was 1987-2006. We identified 98 @entity2 @entity1 (52 females). The median age at surgery was 62 (34-88) years. 78 lesions were located in the femur or spine. RESULTS: The median survival time after surgery was 3 (0-127) months. The cumulative 12-month survival after surgery was 13% (95% CI: 6-20). There was a difference between the survival after spinal surgery (2 months) and after extremity surgery (4 months) (p = 0.03). Complete pathological fracture in non-spinal metastases (50 @entity1 ) was an independent negative predictor of survival ( @entity15012 , 95% CI: 1-3). 16 of 31 @entity1 with spinal metastases experienced a considerable improvement in their neurological function after surgery. The overall complication rate was 20%, including a reoperation rate of 15%. INTERPRETATION: Bone metastases and their subsequent surgical treatment in @entity2 @entity1 are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Our findings will help to set appropriate expectations for these @entity1 , their families, and surgeons.

title: Surgery for skeletal metastases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Adoptive immunotherapy of @entity1 @entity5 was investigated in our institution as part of a National @entity5 Institute extramural group study. This treatment, for @entity1 with metastatic @entity320 , @entity1358 , and @entity694 , consisted of three phases: (a) 5 days of i.v. high-dose (10(5) units/kg every 8 h) @entity1199 , (b) 6 1/2 days of rest plus leukapheresis; and (c) 4 days of high-dose @entity1199 plus three infusions of autologous @entity1199 -activated killer cells. @entity137 included @entity221 , chills, @entity591 , @entity551 , @entity391 , @entity294 , and fluid retention. @entity620 is known to be important to cell-mediated immunity, and it has been reported to be depleted during physiologically stressful events. Therefore, we determined plasma @entity620 levels in @entity1 (n = 11) before adoptive immunotherapy and before and after Phases 1, 2, and 3 of treatment. @entity1 entering the trial were not malnourished. Mean plasma @entity620 levels were normal (0.64 +/- 0.25 mg/dl) before therapy. Mean levels dropped by 80% after the first phase of treatment with high-dose @entity1199 alone (0.13 +/- 0.08 mg/dl). Mean plasma @entity620 levels remained severely depleted (0.08 to 0.13 mg/dl) throughout the remainder of the treatment, becoming undetectable (less than 0.05 mg/dl) in eight of 11 @entity1 during this time. Values obtained from 24-h urine collections on two of two @entity1 indicated that @entity9050 was not excreted in the urine. Plasma @entity620 normalized in three of three @entity1 tested 1 mo after the completion of treatment. Unlike the results for @entity620 , blood pantothenate and plasma @entity270 remained within normal limits in all 11 @entity1 throughout the phases of therapy. Responders (n = 3) differed from nonresponders (n = 8) in that plasma @entity9050 levels in the former recovered to at least 0.1 mg/dl (frank clinical scurvy) during Phases 2 and 3, whereas levels in the latter fell below this level.

title: Severe hypovitaminosis C occurring as the result of adoptive immunotherapy with high-dose XXXX and @entity1199 -activated killer cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Ascorbic acid', 'ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypernephroma']

entities_list: @entity1199 :: ('3558', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 2', 'lymphokine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin 2']


abstract: Adoptive immunotherapy of @entity1 @entity5 was investigated in our institution as part of a National @entity5 Institute extramural group study. This treatment, for @entity1 with metastatic @entity320 , @entity1358 , and @entity694 , consisted of three phases: (a) 5 days of i.v. high-dose (10(5) units/kg every 8 h) @entity1199 , (b) 6 1/2 days of rest plus leukapheresis; and (c) 4 days of high-dose @entity1199 plus three infusions of autologous @entity1199 -activated killer cells. @entity137 included @entity221 , chills, @entity591 , @entity551 , @entity391 , @entity294 , and fluid retention. @entity620 is known to be important to cell-mediated immunity, and it has been reported to be depleted during physiologically stressful events. Therefore, we determined plasma @entity620 levels in @entity1 (n = 11) before adoptive immunotherapy and before and after Phases 1, 2, and 3 of treatment. @entity1 entering the trial were not malnourished. Mean plasma @entity620 levels were normal (0.64 +/- 0.25 mg/dl) before therapy. Mean levels dropped by 80% after the first phase of treatment with high-dose @entity1199 alone (0.13 +/- 0.08 mg/dl). Mean plasma @entity620 levels remained severely depleted (0.08 to 0.13 mg/dl) throughout the remainder of the treatment, becoming undetectable (less than 0.05 mg/dl) in eight of 11 @entity1 during this time. Values obtained from 24-h urine collections on two of two @entity1 indicated that @entity9050 was not excreted in the urine. Plasma @entity620 normalized in three of three @entity1 tested 1 mo after the completion of treatment. Unlike the results for @entity620 , blood pantothenate and plasma @entity270 remained within normal limits in all 11 @entity1 throughout the phases of therapy. Responders (n = 3) differed from nonresponders (n = 8) in that plasma @entity9050 levels in the former recovered to at least 0.1 mg/dl (frank clinical scurvy) during Phases 2 and 3, whereas levels in the latter fell below this level.

title: Severe hypovitaminosis C occurring as the result of adoptive immunotherapy with high-dose @entity1199 and XXXX -activated killer cells.

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['lymphokine']


abstract: We examined the relationship between maternal reproductive history and the newborn's risk of isolated @entity600 in a large case-control cohort from the Polish Registry of @entity600 . @entity600 were classified into four categories: isolated @entity4297 (n=1673), isolated @entity2419 (n=255), @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 (n=448) and @entity8 (n=103). The case groups were compared with a shared group of 2068 controls recruited in the same time period and geographic area. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the risk associated with maternal gravidity and of previous miscarriages after accounting for maternal age and other potential risk factors. In unadjusted analyses, maternal gravidity was significantly associated with increased risk of all four classes of @entity600 . After adjustment, a significant association persisted for @entity4297 [odds ratio (OR)=1.22, [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09, 1.36], P=0.0007] and @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 (OR=1.21, [95% CI 1.09, 1.36], P=0.0005). A similar trend existed for isolated @entity2419 (OR=1.18, [95% CI 1.02, 1.37], P=0.03). There was no appreciable increase in the risk of @entity600 associated with a maternal history of miscarriages, but a trend for a protective effect on the occurrence of @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 was observed (OR=0.72, [95% CI 0.52, 0.99], P=0.045). Based on our data, maternal gravidity represents a significant risk factor for @entity4297 and @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 in the newborn @entity1 . Our data do not support an increase in risk because of past history of miscarriages.

title: Maternal reproductive history and the risk of isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal agenesis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations', 'Congenital malformations', 'Congenital Malformations']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['congenital malformations']