abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8431 ( @entity8431 ) is a rare and severe @entity74 . Inhibition of @entity629 sulfotransferase (CST) has been proposed as a promising new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of @entity8431 . CST catalyzes the transfer of a @entity597 group from the coenzyme @entity16038 ( @entity16038 ) to @entity629 yielding @entity29725 and @entity45569 ( @entity2786 ). So far only a few weak CST inhibitors have been described. The goal of the present study was to establish a suitable assay for identifying and characterizing novel CST inhibitors. To this end, we developed and optimized a capillary electrophoresis (CE) based assay for monitoring the catalytic activity of CST by measuring the formation of PAP. A sample matrix consisting of 5mM @entity4613 buffer with about 0.0001% @entity9850 at pH 7.4 and a background electrolyte (BGE) containing 75mM @entity4613 buffer with 0.002% @entity9850 at pH 5.6 were utilized to achieve a stacking effect for PAP by dynamic pH junction. This led to a limit of detection for the enzymatic product PAP of 66.6nM. The CE method was sensitive, robust, and suitable for CST inhibitor screening, Ki value determination, and enzyme kinetic studies. Selected reference compounds were tested in order to validate the assay, including the substrates @entity629 and @entity15227 , and the inhibitor Congo Red. The newly developed CE method will be useful for the identification and development of novel CST inhibitors which are urgently needed for the treatment of @entity8431 .

title: A capillary electrophoresis method with dynamic pH junction stacking for the monitoring of XXXX sulfotransferase.

entities_list: @entity15227 :: ('MESH:D011609', 'Chemical') :: ['psychosine']

entities_list: @entity29725 :: ('MESH:C083015', 'Chemical') :: ['cerebroside sulfate']

entities_list: @entity9850 :: ('MESH:D006583', 'Chemical') :: ['polybrene']

entities_list: @entity8431 :: ('MESH:D007966', 'Disease') :: ['Metachromatic leukodystrophy', 'MLD']

entities_list: @entity45569 :: ('MESH:C010840', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity16038 :: ('CHEBI:17980', 'Chemical') :: ["3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate", 'PAPS']

entities_list: @entity629 :: ('CHEBI:23079', 'Chemical') :: ['cerebroside']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity629 :: (CHEBI:23079,Chemical) :: ['cerebroside']


abstract: @entity2779 is a new class Ic antiarrhythmic agent currently being investigated in the United States. It is generally well tolerated. We administered @entity2779 to 16 @entity1 with @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) that had been refractory to conventional antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Three of these 16 @entity1 developed electrically provoked incessant @entity1165 during treatment with @entity2779 without other evidence of @entity137 . These @entity943 subsided after @entity3303 was administered. @entity2779 therapy was discontinued in each case. Incessant @entity1165 did not develop in any of these @entity1 in the absence of antiarrhythmic drugs or on antiarrhythmic drugs other than @entity2779 . Alternative effective treatment was identified for each @entity1 . Although @entity1165 was initially provoked by pacing in each of these @entity1 , these observations suggest that @entity2779 , like some other class Ic drugs, may favor the development of incessant @entity1165 in occasional @entity1 . This appears most likely to occur in @entity1 with @entity67 and prior sustained @entity1165 or @entity2224 .

title: Aggravation of electrically provoked XXXX during treatment with @entity2779 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['Propafenone', 'propafenone']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: @entity2779 is a new class Ic antiarrhythmic agent currently being investigated in the United States. It is generally well tolerated. We administered @entity2779 to 16 @entity1 with @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) that had been refractory to conventional antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Three of these 16 @entity1 developed electrically provoked incessant @entity1165 during treatment with @entity2779 without other evidence of @entity137 . These @entity943 subsided after @entity3303 was administered. @entity2779 therapy was discontinued in each case. Incessant @entity1165 did not develop in any of these @entity1 in the absence of antiarrhythmic drugs or on antiarrhythmic drugs other than @entity2779 . Alternative effective treatment was identified for each @entity1 . Although @entity1165 was initially provoked by pacing in each of these @entity1 , these observations suggest that @entity2779 , like some other class Ic drugs, may favor the development of incessant @entity1165 in occasional @entity1 . This appears most likely to occur in @entity1 with @entity67 and prior sustained @entity1165 or @entity2224 .

title: Aggravation of electrically provoked @entity1165 during treatment with XXXX .

answer: @entity2779 :: (MESH:D011405,Chemical) :: ['propafenone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This paper presents a novel @entity1 -specific algorithm for detection of @entity410 in @entity302 @entity1 from a single-channel intra-cranial electroencephaolograph (iEEG) recording. Instead of extracting features from the EEG signal, first the EEG signal is filtered by a prediction error filter (PEF) to compute a prediction error signal. A two-level wavelet decomposition of the prediction error signal leads to two detail signals and one approximate signal. Eight features are extracted every one second using a 2-second window with a 50% overlap. These features are input to two different types of classifiers: a linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier and an AdaBoost classifier. The algorithm is tested using the intra-cranial EEG (iEEG) from the Freiburg database. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can achieve a sensitivity of 95.0% and an average false positive rate (FPR) of 0.124 per hour, using the linear SVM classifier. The AdaBoost classifier achieves a sensitivity of 98.75% and an average FPR of 0.075 per hour. These results are obtained with leave-one-out cross-validation. In addition, for 13 out of 18 @entity1 , the AdaBoost classifier requires only one feature, while it requires 4 features for the remaining 5 @entity1 .

title: XXXX detection using wavelet decomposition of the prediction error signal from a single channel of intra-cranial EEG.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging is a technique for the diagnosis and classification of @entity1313 . Discrete compactness is a morphological feature of two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects. This measure determines the compactness of a discretized object depending on the sum of the areas of the connected voxels and has been used for understanding the morphology of @entity5 . We hypothesized that regarding @entity1313 , we may improve the @entity5 grade classification. We analyzed the values in 20 @entity1 with different subtypes of primary @entity1313 : @entity816 , @entity3271 , and @entity463 multiforme subdivided into the contrast-enhanced and the @entity5 regions. The preliminary results show an inverse relationship between the compactness value and the @entity5 grade of @entity11 . Astrocytomas exhibit a mean of [Formula: see text], whereas @entity3271 exhibit a mean of [Formula: see text]. In contrast, the contrast-enhanced region of the @entity463 presented a mean of [Formula: see text], and the @entity39 region presented a mean of [Formula: see text]. However, the volume and area of the enclosing surface did not show a relationship with the @entity5 grade of the @entity11 . Discrete compactness appears to be a stable characteristic between primary @entity1313 of different @entity5 grades, because similar values were obtained from different @entity1 with the same type of @entity5 .

title: Neuromorphometry of primary XXXX by magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nonbrain tumors', 'necrotic tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate imaging statistical approaches for classifying three-dimensional (3-D) osteoarthritic morphological variations among 169 @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) condyles. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were acquired from 69 subjects with long-term @entity1348 ( @entity571 ), 15 subjects at initial diagnosis of @entity571 , and 7 healthy controls. Three-dimensional surface models of the condyles were constructed and SPHARM-PDM established correspondent points on each model. Multivariate analysis of covariance and direction-projection-permutation (DiProPerm) were used for testing statistical significance of the differences between the groups determined by clinical and radiographic diagnoses. Unsupervised classification using hierarchical agglomerative clustering was then conducted. Compared with healthy controls, @entity571 average condyle was significantly smaller in all dimensions except its anterior surface. Significant flattening of the lateral pole was noticed at initial diagnosis. We observed areas of 3.88-mm bone resorption at the superior surface and 3.10-mm bone apposition at the anterior aspect of the long-term @entity571 average model. DiProPerm supported a significant difference between the healthy control and @entity571 group ([Formula: see text]). Clinically meaningful unsupervised classification of @entity1348 condylar morphology determined a preliminary diagnostic index of 3-D osteoarthritic changes, which may be the first step towards a more targeted diagnosis of this condition.

title: Diagnostic index of three-dimensional osteoarthritic changes in XXXX condylar morphology.

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'TMJ osteoarthritis', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess sentinel node biopsy (SNB) results in @entity694 ( @entity694 ) regarding intraoperative staging of the disease and pathological @entity5 features. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted on the basis of 132 SNBs in @entity694 . The elements of intraoperative staging of the disease and pathological @entity5 features were compared with accur--acy, sensitivity and false negative results of SNB in @entity694 by means of ROC curves and the tests for population proportions. RESULTS: ROC curve analysis did not reveal any statistical significance for @entity5 measurements (all p > 0.05). Statistically significantly worse results in sensitivity (not in accuracy) were achieved for @entity5 in comparison with T2 @entity5 (83% vs 89%, p = 0.0066). Statistically significantly worse results in accuracy (not in sensitivity) of the method were obtained in the cases of involved lymph nodes (78% vs 100%, p < 0.0001), infiltration of the lymph node capsule (80% vs 97%, p = 0.0023) and infiltration of the perinodal tissue (73% vs 97%, p = 0.0002). The analyses of SNB sensitivity and accuracy in combination with other features showed no statistical significance (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of the method is significantly worse for @entity5 with deeper infiltration of intestinal wall. The presence of nodal metastases, lymph node capsule and perinodal invasion significantly affects the accuracy results of SNB in @entity694 . The problem of qualifying @entity1 for the procedure in regard to the other analysed features, however, remains open and requires further analysis.

title: The Influence of Intraoperative Factors and Histopathological Staging on the Performance of Sentinel Node Biopsy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T3 tumours', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'CC']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: The clinical features of 115 @entity1 from 90 families with @entity7960 are described. Onset of symptoms was before the age of 25 (mean 10.52) years in all the index cases. An analysis of early cases suggested that limb and @entity2055 and @entity427 in the legs were the only consistent diagnostic criteria within five years of presentation. @entity4653 , signs of @entity409 in the legs and @entity393 and vibration sense are not necessarily present during the first five years of symptoms, but appear to develop eventually in all cases. Scoliosis and ECG evidence of @entity296 were found in over two-thirds of the @entity1 studied; pes cavus, distal amyotrophy, @entity1952 , @entity346 and @entity2319 were all less frequent. The disorder was gradually progressive in all cases. The mean age of losing the ability to walk was 25 years; 95 per cent were chair-bound by the age of 44 years. About 10 per cent of the @entity1 had @entity6 which was controlled by oral hypoglycaemic drugs in one quarter. @entity6 appeared to be associated with a higher incidence of @entity1952 and @entity2319 . @entity6 also clustered within sibships; the risk of an individual with @entity7960 developing @entity6 if an affected sib has it is over 40 per cent. Similarly, @entity296 ran true within affected members of the same sibship, but there were instances of discordance which suggest that the development of the non-neurological features of @entity7960 may be controlled by modifying genes rather than heterogeneity of the main gene. Segregation analysis and an increased consanguinity rate amongst parents of @entity1 (5.55 per cent) confirmed that this disorder is of autosomal recessive inheritance. A study of 101 first degree relatives of the @entity1 with @entity7960 failed to demonstrate any neurological or electrocardiographic abnormalities which could be ascribed to the heterozygous state.

title: XXXX : a clinical and genetic study of 90 families with an analysis of early diagnostic criteria and intrafamilial clustering of clinical features.

entities_list: @entity7960 :: ('MESH:D005621', 'Disease') :: ["Friedreich's ataxia"]

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal tract dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of joint position']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['absent tendon reflexes']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['truncal ataxia']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['Dysarthria']

answer: @entity7960 :: (MESH:D005621,Disease) :: ['Friedreich's ataxia']


abstract: Surgery is the treatment of choice in @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). A pivotal of eligibility for resection is the early stage of the disease and histopathological assessment. The performance status and comorbidities in population, predominated by elderly @entity1 , also influence the therapeutic decisions. In some @entity2 @entity1 @entity1030 coexists, characterized by a decrease in lung function. Then the preoperative evaluation is particularly important, for both the risk of @entity260 , lung function and quality of life postoperatively. Recently several recommendations for preoperative evaluation of @entity1 being considered for surgery were published. The guidelines of BTS (2001, 2010), ACCP (2007, 2013) and joint recommendations of ERS and ESTS (2009) have been based on the currently available research results, and indicated the algorithms. The recommendations ERS/ESTS and ACCP distinguished cardiac risk estimation in all @entity1 , which should precede the evaluation of lung function. According to the latest recommendations (ACCP 2013) the next step is spirometry, DLCO measurement and calculation of predicted postoperative values for both parameters. The low-technology exercise tests (stair climbing, shuttle walk test) were assigned as valuable to discriminate @entity1 at low and intermediate perioperative risk. The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is recommended to be performed at the final qualification for surgery in @entity1 with high risk. It was also stressed that therapeutic decisions should be taken multidisciplinary, allowing to estimate the risk of complications and to evaluate the expected quality of life in the postoperative time.

title: [Assessment of respiratory function in the qualification for XXXX surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) has been shown to predict relapse in @entity31 in remission, but little is currently known about its role in @entity30 . The aim of this study was to identify reproducible CLE features in @entity1 with @entity30 and to examine whether these are risk factors for relapse. @entity1 and methods: This was a single-center prospective feasibility study of CLE imaging in @entity1 with @entity30 . CLE imaging was performed in the terminal ileum and four colorectal sites, and was correlated with histopathology and macroscopic appearance. Clinical relapse, defined as the need for treatment escalation or surgical intervention, was recorded during follow-up. Results: The study included 50 @entity1 : 39 with @entity30 (20 in remission), and 11 controls. Ileal @entity941 leakage and microerosions were significantly more frequent in @entity1 with endoscopically active @entity30 compared with @entity1 with inactive @entity30 and controls (P=0.005 and (P=0.006, respectively). The same applied to colorectal @entity941 leakage and vascular alterations ((P=0.043 and (P=0.034, respectively). During a 12-month follow-up period, ileal @entity941 leakage and microerosions were significant risk factors for relapse in the subgroup of @entity1 in remission (log rank (P=0.009 and (P=0.007, respectively) as well as in the entire group of @entity1 with @entity30 (log rank (P=0.006 and (P=0.01, respectively). Inter- and intraobserver reproducibility was almost perfect (k>0.80) or substantial (k>0.60) for the majority of CLE parameters. Conclusions: CLE can identify reproducible microscopic changes in the terminal ileum that are risk factors for relapse in @entity1 with otherwise inactive @entity30 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01738529).

title: Confocal laser endomicroscopy: a novel method for prediction of relapse in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Lipoprotein (a) [ @entity3452 ] is an independent risk factor for @entity731 -related events that is under strong genetic control (heritability = 0.68-0.98). However, causal mutations and functional validation of biological pathways modulating @entity3452 metabolism are lacking. We performed a genome-wide association scan to identify genetic variants associated with @entity3452 - @entity165 levels in the Old Order Amish. We confirmed a previously known locus on chromosome 6q25-26 and found @entity3452 levels also to be significantly associated with a SNP near the @entity23353 - @entity15783 - @entity12436 - @entity1675 gene cluster on chromosome 11q23 linked in the Amish to the @entity12436 @entity71404 null mutation. On 6q locus, we detected associations of @entity3452 - @entity165 with 118 common variants (P = 5 * 10(-8) to 3.91 * 10(-19)) spanning a    5.3 Mb region that included the @entity4991 gene. To further elucidate variation within @entity4991 , we sequenced @entity4991 and identified two variants most strongly associated with @entity3452 - @entity165 , @entity67470 (P = 1.07 * 10(-14)) and @entity50402 (P = 1.85 * 10(-12)). We also measured copy numbers of kringle IV-2 (KIV-2) in @entity4991 using qPCR. KIV-2 numbers were significantly associated with @entity3452 - @entity165 (P = 2.28 * 10(-9)). Conditional analyses revealed that @entity67470 and @entity50402 were associated with @entity3452 - @entity165 levels independent of each other and KIV-2 copy number. Furthermore, we determined for the first time that levels of @entity4991 mRNA were higher in the carriers than non-carriers of @entity50402 (P = 0.0001) and were not different between carriers and non-carriers of @entity67470 . Protein levels of apo(a) were higher in the carriers than non-carriers of both @entity50402 and @entity67470 . In summary, we identified multiple independent genetic determinants for @entity3452 - @entity165 . These findings provide new insights into @entity3452 regulation.

title: Evidence for several independent genetic variants affecting lipoprotein (a) XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity71404 :: ('p|SUB|R|19|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R19X']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Survival following pediatric cardiac extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is guarded and @entity16 varies widely. Our objective is to report our ten-year experience with cardiac ECLS, including survival and kindergarten entry neurocognitive outcomes; to identify predictors of mortality or adverse neurocognitive outcomes; and to compare two eras, before and after 2005. METHODS AND RESULTS: -From 2000-2009, 98 @entity1 had venoarterial cardiac ECLS. Sixty-four @entity1 (65%) survived to hospital discharge and 50 (51%) survived up to 5 years of age. Neurocognitive follow-up of survivors was completed at mean (SD) age of 52.9 (8) months using Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Logistic regression analysis found the longer time (hours) for @entity880 to fall below 2 mmol/L on ECLS (HR 1.39; 95%CI 1.05, 1.84; P= 0.022) and the amount of platelets (ml/kg) given in the first 48 hours (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18; 95% CI 1.06, 1.32; P= 0.002) were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Receiving ECLS after the year 2005 was independently associated with lower risk of in-hospital mortality (HR 0.36; 95%CI 0.13, 0.99; P= 0.048). Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) was not independently associated with mortality or neurocognitive outcomes. @entity7971 was not independently associated with neurocognitive outcomes. The Full-Scale IQ of survivors without chromosomal abnormalities was 79.7 (16.6) with 25% below 2SD of the population mean. CONCLUSIONS: -Mortality has improved over time; time for @entity880 to fall on ECLS and volume of platelets transfused are independent predictors of mortality. ECPR and @entity7971 were not independently associated with neurocognitive outcomes.

title: Survival and Neurocognitive Outcomes After Cardiac Extracorporeal Life Support in XXXX Less Than Five Years of Age: A Ten Year Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Mindfulness meditation reduces @entity158 in experimental and clinical settings. However, it remains unknown whether mindfulness meditation engages @entity158 -relieving mechanisms other than those associated with the placebo effect (e.g., conditioning, psychosocial context, beliefs). To determine whether the analgesic mechanisms of mindfulness meditation are different from placebo, we randomly assigned 75 healthy, @entity1 volunteers to 4 d of the following: (1) mindfulness meditation, (2) placebo conditioning, (3) sham mindfulness meditation, or (4) book-listening control intervention. We assessed intervention efficacy using psychophysical evaluation of experimental @entity158 and functional neuroimaging. Importantly, all cognitive manipulations (i.e., mindfulness meditation, placebo conditioning, sham mindfulness meditation) significantly @entity158 intensity and unpleasantness ratings when compared to rest and the control condition (p < 0.05). Mindfulness meditation reduced @entity158 intensity (p = 0.032) and @entity158 unpleasantness (p < 0.001) ratings more than placebo @entity1337 . Mindfulness meditation also reduced @entity158 intensity (p = 0.030) and @entity158 unpleasantness (p = 0.043) ratings more than sham mindfulness meditation. Mindfulness-meditation-related @entity158 relief was associated with greater activation in brain regions associated with the cognitive modulation of @entity158 , including the orbitofrontal, subgenual anterior cingulate, and anterior insular cortex. In contrast, placebo @entity1337 was associated with activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and deactivation of sensory processing regions (secondary somatosensory cortex). Sham mindfulness meditation-induced @entity1337 was not correlated with significant neural activity, but rather by greater reductions in respiration rate. This study is the first to demonstrate that mindfulness-related @entity158 relief is mechanistically distinct from placebo @entity1337 . The elucidation of this distinction confirms the existence of multiple, cognitively driven, supraspinal mechanisms for @entity158 modulation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Recent findings have demonstrated that mindfulness meditation significantly reduces @entity158 . Given that the "gold standard" for evaluating the efficacy of behavioral interventions is based on appropriate placebo comparisons, it is imperative that we establish whether there is an effect supporting meditation-related @entity158 relief above and beyond the effects of placebo. Here, we provide novel evidence demonstrating that mindfulness meditation produces greater @entity158 relief and employs distinct neural mechanisms than placebo cream and sham mindfulness meditation. Specifically, mindfulness meditation-induced @entity158 relief activated higher-order brain regions, including the orbitofrontal and cingulate cortices. In contrast, placebo @entity1337 was associated with @entity158 -related brain activation. These findings demonstrate that mindfulness meditation reduces @entity158 through unique mechanisms and may foster greater acceptance of meditation as an adjunct @entity158 therapy.

title: Mindfulness Meditation-Based Pain Relief Employs Different Neural Mechanisms Than Placebo and Sham Mindfulness Meditation-Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated pain', 'pain', 'decreased pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['Analgesia']


abstract: @entity1 shape their hands to grasp, manipulate objects, and to communicate. From nonhuman primate studies, we know that visual and motor properties for grasps can be derived from cells in the @entity550 ( @entity550 ). Are non-grasp-related hand shapes in @entity1 represented similarly? Here we show for the first time how single neurons in the @entity550 of @entity1 are selective for particular imagined hand shapes independent of graspable objects. We find that motor imagery to shape the hand can be successfully decoded from the @entity550 by implementing a version of the popular Rock-Paper-Scissors game and its extension Rock-Paper-Scissors-Lizard-Spock. By simultaneous presentation of visual and auditory cues, we can discriminate motor imagery from visual information and show differences in auditory and visual information processing in the @entity550 . These results also demonstrate that neural signals from @entity1 @entity550 can be used to drive a dexterous cortical neuroprosthesis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study shows for the first time hand-shape decoding from @entity1 @entity550 . Unlike nonhuman primate studies in which the visual stimuli are the objects to be grasped, the visually cued hand shapes that we use are independent of the stimuli. Furthermore, we can show that distinct neuronal populations are activated for the visual cue and the imagined hand shape. Additionally we found that auditory and visual stimuli that cue the same hand shape are processed differently in @entity550 . Early on in a trial, only the visual stimuli and not the auditory stimuli can be decoded. During the later stages of a trial, the motor imagery for a particular hand shape can be decoded for both modalities.

title: Hand Shape Representations in the XXXX Posterior Parietal Cortex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['PPC', 'posterior parietal cortex']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For many years, novel strategies for @entity5 detection and treatment using nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed. @entity420 is the sixth leading cause of @entity5 in Western countries, and despite recent advances in early detection and treatment, its prognosis is still very poor. This study investigated the use of fluorescent organic NPs as potential diagnostic tool in an experimental in vivo model of Barrett's @entity420 . NPs were made of modified polysaccharides loaded with @entity71405 ( @entity17058 ), a well-known fluorescent dye. The NP periphery might or might not be decorated with ASYNYDA peptide that has an affinity for @entity418 cells. Non-operated and operated @entity35 in which gastroesophageal reflux was surgically induced received both types of NPs (NP- @entity17058 and NP- @entity17058 -ASYNYDA) by intravenous route. Localization of mucosal NPs was assessed in vivo by confocal laser endomicroscopy, a technique which enables a "real time" and in situ visualization of the tissue at a cellular level. After injection of NP- @entity17058 and NP- @entity17058 -ASYNYDA, fluorescence was observed in @entity35 affected by @entity418 , whereas no signal was observed in control non-operated @entity35 , or in @entity35 with simple @entity2910 or @entity355 . Fluorescence was observable in vivo 30 minutes after the administration of NPs. Interestingly, NP- @entity17058 -ASYNYDA induced strong fluorescence intensity 24 hours after administration. These observations suggested that NPs could reach the @entity5 cells, likely by enhanced permeability and retention effect, and the peptide ASYNYDA gave them high specificity for @entity418 cells. Thus, the combination of NP platform and confocal laser endomicroscopy could play an important role for highlighting @entity418 conditions. This result supports the potential of this strategy as a targeted carrier for photoactive and bioactive molecules in @entity418 diagnosis and treatment.

title: Detection of fluorescent organic nanoparticles by confocal laser endomicroscopy in a @entity35 model of Barrett's XXXX .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus mucosa"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity71405 :: ('MESH:C082825', 'Chemical') :: ['[4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran]']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'Esophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For many years, novel strategies for @entity5 detection and treatment using nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed. @entity420 is the sixth leading cause of @entity5 in Western countries, and despite recent advances in early detection and treatment, its prognosis is still very poor. This study investigated the use of fluorescent organic NPs as potential diagnostic tool in an experimental in vivo model of Barrett's @entity420 . NPs were made of modified polysaccharides loaded with @entity71405 ( @entity17058 ), a well-known fluorescent dye. The NP periphery might or might not be decorated with ASYNYDA peptide that has an affinity for @entity418 cells. Non-operated and operated @entity35 in which gastroesophageal reflux was surgically induced received both types of NPs (NP- @entity17058 and NP- @entity17058 -ASYNYDA) by intravenous route. Localization of mucosal NPs was assessed in vivo by confocal laser endomicroscopy, a technique which enables a "real time" and in situ visualization of the tissue at a cellular level. After injection of NP- @entity17058 and NP- @entity17058 -ASYNYDA, fluorescence was observed in @entity35 affected by @entity418 , whereas no signal was observed in control non-operated @entity35 , or in @entity35 with simple @entity2910 or @entity355 . Fluorescence was observable in vivo 30 minutes after the administration of NPs. Interestingly, NP- @entity17058 -ASYNYDA induced strong fluorescence intensity 24 hours after administration. These observations suggested that NPs could reach the @entity5 cells, likely by enhanced permeability and retention effect, and the peptide ASYNYDA gave them high specificity for @entity418 cells. Thus, the combination of NP platform and confocal laser endomicroscopy could play an important role for highlighting @entity418 conditions. This result supports the potential of this strategy as a targeted carrier for photoactive and bioactive molecules in @entity418 diagnosis and treatment.

title: Detection of fluorescent organic nanoparticles by confocal laser endomicroscopy in a XXXX model of Barrett's @entity420 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity5924 comprises a major cause for morbidity in @entity1 with @entity1800 which induces an immune inflammatory response that may produce long lasting harmful effects. Currently, there is no effective therapy for @entity5924 . OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of five-day montelukast therapy in acute @entity5924 management. METHODS: The study included 50 @entity1 with acute @entity5924 . The @entity1 with first episode of acute @entity5924 were randomly assigned to receive daily montelukast dose of 4mg over five days after admission or no treatment. Plasma eotaxin, @entity3646 , @entity687 and @entity379 levels were evaluated before and after treatment by ELISA method. In the present study, the primary outcome measure was change in clinical severity score, whilst secondary outcome measures were changes in plasma eotaxin, @entity3646 , @entity687 , @entity379 levels. RESULTS: No significant differences was found in clinical severity score with five-day montelukast treatment (p>0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). There were no significant differences in plasma eotaxin, @entity3646 , @entity687 , @entity379 levels between the groups (p>0.05 Mann-Whitney U test). There was significant decrease in plasma @entity379 levels following five-day montelukast treatment (p=0.027, Wilcoxon). There were no significant differences in plasma @entity3646 , @entity687 , @entity379 levels between the groups after five-day montelukast treatment (p>0.05, Wilcoxon). There was significant increase in eotaxin levels after five-day montelukast treatment (p=0.009, Wilcoxon). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that montelukast affected plasma @entity379 and eotaxin levels after five days of treatment. Further studies are needed to demonstrate effects of montelukast on chemokine levels in @entity5924 .

title: Effect of montelukast on clinical score and cytokine levels of @entity1 for clinically diagnosed acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity5924 :: (MESH:D001988,Disease) :: ['bronchiolitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity5924 comprises a major cause for morbidity in @entity1 with @entity1800 which induces an immune inflammatory response that may produce long lasting harmful effects. Currently, there is no effective therapy for @entity5924 . OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the efficacy of five-day montelukast therapy in acute @entity5924 management. METHODS: The study included 50 @entity1 with acute @entity5924 . The @entity1 with first episode of acute @entity5924 were randomly assigned to receive daily montelukast dose of 4mg over five days after admission or no treatment. Plasma eotaxin, @entity3646 , @entity687 and @entity379 levels were evaluated before and after treatment by ELISA method. In the present study, the primary outcome measure was change in clinical severity score, whilst secondary outcome measures were changes in plasma eotaxin, @entity3646 , @entity687 , @entity379 levels. RESULTS: No significant differences was found in clinical severity score with five-day montelukast treatment (p>0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). There were no significant differences in plasma eotaxin, @entity3646 , @entity687 , @entity379 levels between the groups (p>0.05 Mann-Whitney U test). There was significant decrease in plasma @entity379 levels following five-day montelukast treatment (p=0.027, Wilcoxon). There were no significant differences in plasma @entity3646 , @entity687 , @entity379 levels between the groups after five-day montelukast treatment (p>0.05, Wilcoxon). There was significant increase in eotaxin levels after five-day montelukast treatment (p=0.009, Wilcoxon). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that montelukast affected plasma @entity379 and eotaxin levels after five days of treatment. Further studies are needed to demonstrate effects of montelukast on chemokine levels in @entity5924 .

title: Effect of montelukast on clinical score and cytokine levels of XXXX for clinically diagnosed acute @entity5924 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Keratinocytes constitute the majority of cells in the skin's epidermis, the first line of defence against percutaneous pathogens. Schistosome larvae (cercariae) actively penetrate the epidermis to establish @entity281 , however the response of keratinocytes to invading cercariae has not been investigated. Here we address the hypothesis that cercariae activate epidermal keratinocytes to promote the development of a pro-inflammatory immune response in the skin. C57BL/6 @entity19 were exposed to @entity380 cercariae via each pinna and non-haematopoietic cells isolated from epidermal tissue were characterised for the presence of different keratinocyte sub-sets at 6, 24 and 96 h p.i. We identified an expansion of epidermal keratinocyte precursors ( @entity8236 (-), CD326(-), @entity22416 (+)) within 24 h of @entity281 relative to na  ve animals. Following @entity281 , cells within the precursor population displayed a more differentiated phenotype (a6integrin(-)) than in uninfected skin. Parallel immunohistochemical analysis of pinnae cryosections showed that this expansion corresponded to an increase in the intensity of @entity22416 staining, specifically in the basal bulge region of hair follicles of infected @entity19 , and a higher frequency of keratinocyte precursor Ki67(+) nuclei in both the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermis. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and stress-associated @entity71406 genes was also transiently upregulated in the epidermal tissue of infected @entity19 . In vitro exposure of keratinocyte precursors isolated from neonatal @entity19 skin to excretory/secretory (E/S) antigens released by penetrating cercaraie elicited @entity634 and @entity635 production, supporting a role for keratinocyte precursors in initiating cutaneous inflammatory immune responses. Together, these observations indicate that @entity380 cercariae and their E/S products act directly upon epidermal keratinocytes, which respond by initiating barrier repair and pro-inflammatory mechanisms similar to those observed in epidermal wound healing.

title: Epidermal keratinocytes initiate wound healing and pro-inflammatory immune responses following percutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['schistosome infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 in the leave-without-being-seen (LWBS) group risk problems of inefficiency, medical risk, and financial loss. The goal at our hospital is to limit LWBS to <1%. This study's goal was to assess the influence on LWBS associated with prolonging intervals between @entity1 presentation and placement in an exam room (DoorRoom time). This study' @entity9855 aim was to identify DoorRoom cutoffs that maximize likelihood of meeting the LWBS goal (i.e. <1%). METHODS: We conducted the study over one year (8/13-8/14) using operations data for an @entity341 with annual census ~50,000. For each study day, the LWBS endpoint (i.e. was LWBS <1%: "yes or no") and the mean DoorRoom time were recorded. We categorized DoorRoom means by intervals starting with  <=10min and ending at >60min. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess for DoorRoom cutoffs predicting high LWBS, while adjusting for @entity1 acuity (triage scores and admission %) and operations parameters. We used predictive marginal probability to assess utility of the regression-generated cutoffs. We defined statistical significance at p<0.05 and report odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Univariate results suggested a primary DoorRoom cutoff of 20', to maintain a high likelihood (>85%) of meeting the LWBS goal. A secondary DoorRoom cutoff was indicated at 35', to prevent a precipitous drop-off in likelihood of meeting the LWBS goal, from 61.1% at 35' to 34.4% at 40'. Predictive marginal analysis using multivariate techniques to control for operational and @entity1 -acuity factors confirmed the 20' and 35' cutoffs as significant (p<0.001). Days with DoorRoom between 21-35' were 74% less likely to meet the LWBS goal than days with DoorRoom  <=20' (OR 0.26, 95% CI [0.13-0.53]). Days with DoorRoom >35' were a further 75% less likely to meet the LWBS goal than days with DoorRoom of 21-35' (OR 0.25, 95% CI [0.15-0.41]). CONCLUSION: Operationally useful DoorRoom cutoffs can be identified, which allow for rational establishment of performance goals for the @entity341 attempting to minimize LWBS.

title: Identifying XXXX Door-to-Room Goals to Minimize Left-Without-Being-Seen Rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency department']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) allows preoperative tissue confirmation of malignancy, but fear of @entity5 cell dissemination along the needle track has limited its use. We hypothesised that if @entity5 cell dissemination occurs with EUS-FNA, survival after complete resection would be impaired. We aimed to evaluate the association of preoperative EUS-FNA with long-term outcomes of @entity1 with resected @entity788 . DESIGN: Using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data, we identified @entity1 with locoregional @entity788 who underwent curative intent surgery from 1998 to 2009. The @entity1 who received EUS-FNA within the peridiagnostic period were included in the EUS-FNA group. @entity1 who did not receive EUS evaluation or who underwent EUS without FNA were included in the non-EUS-FNA group. Overall survival and @entity788 -specific survival were compared after controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS: A total of 2034 @entity1 with @entity788 were included (90% @entity788 ). Of these, 498 (24%) @entity1 were in EUS-FNA group. @entity1 with multiple comorbidities and more recent diagnosis were more likely to receive EUS-FNA. In multivariate analysis, after controlling for age, race, gender, @entity5 histology, @entity5 stage, @entity5 grade, @entity5 location, SEER site, year of diagnosis, undergoing percutaneous aspiration/biopsy, Charlson Comorbidity Index, radiation and chemotherapy, EUS-FNA was marginally associated with improved overall survival (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.99), but did not affect @entity5 -specific survival (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.03). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative EUS-FNA was not associated with increased risk of mortality. These data suggest that EUS-FNA can be safely performed for the work-up of suspicious @entity660 .

title: Preoperative endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration does not impair survival of @entity1 with resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) allows preoperative tissue confirmation of malignancy, but fear of @entity5 cell dissemination along the needle track has limited its use. We hypothesised that if @entity5 cell dissemination occurs with EUS-FNA, survival after complete resection would be impaired. We aimed to evaluate the association of preoperative EUS-FNA with long-term outcomes of @entity1 with resected @entity788 . DESIGN: Using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data, we identified @entity1 with locoregional @entity788 who underwent curative intent surgery from 1998 to 2009. The @entity1 who received EUS-FNA within the peridiagnostic period were included in the EUS-FNA group. @entity1 who did not receive EUS evaluation or who underwent EUS without FNA were included in the non-EUS-FNA group. Overall survival and @entity788 -specific survival were compared after controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS: A total of 2034 @entity1 with @entity788 were included (90% @entity788 ). Of these, 498 (24%) @entity1 were in EUS-FNA group. @entity1 with multiple comorbidities and more recent diagnosis were more likely to receive EUS-FNA. In multivariate analysis, after controlling for age, race, gender, @entity5 histology, @entity5 stage, @entity5 grade, @entity5 location, SEER site, year of diagnosis, undergoing percutaneous aspiration/biopsy, Charlson Comorbidity Index, radiation and chemotherapy, EUS-FNA was marginally associated with improved overall survival (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.99), but did not affect @entity5 -specific survival (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.03). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative EUS-FNA was not associated with increased risk of mortality. These data suggest that EUS-FNA can be safely performed for the work-up of suspicious @entity660 .

title: Preoperative endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration does not impair survival of XXXX with resected @entity788 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity7439 ( @entity4802 ) is well documented in the literature, no studies have concentrated on the morphology of the cranial base. This study aimed to evaluate the endocranial morphology in @entity1 with @entity4802 . Consecutive @entity1 with unilateral @entity4802 treated at a craniofacial center from 2000 to 2012 were included. The @entity1 were grouped according to severity on the basis of the Kaban-Pruzansky classification: mild (0-1), moderate (2a), and severe (2b-3). Skull base angulation and transverse craniometric measures were recorded and then compared with those of age-matched controls.A total of 30 @entity1 (14 males, 16 females) averaging 7.5 years of age (range, 1.1-15.7 y) were included. Four @entity1 were classified as mild; 12, as moderate; and 14, as severe. The mean cranial base angle was found to be between 179 and 181 degrees with no significant difference between the severity groups (P = 0.57). The mean cranial base angle did not differ significantly in the @entity1 compared with the controls(179.6 vs 180.0; P = 0.51) No significant differences between the affected and unaffected sides in the @entity1 were found in distances from the midline to hypoglossal canal, internal acoustic meatus, lateral carotid canal, medial carotid canal, foramen ovale, and rotundum. There were no significant differences in transverse measurements between the severity classes using the same landmarks (P = 0.46, P = 0.30, P = 0.40, P = 0.25, P = 0.57, and P = 0.76, respectively). The cranial base axis is not deviated in the @entity1 with @entity4802 compared with the age-matched controls, and there exists little difference in endocranial morphologic measurements with increasing severity of @entity4802 . These data are interesting, given the role of the cranial base in facial growth and the varying hypotheses regarding the mechanism of disease in @entity4802 .

title: Cranial Base Deviation in XXXX by Craniometric Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetry in hemifacial microsomia']

answer: @entity4802 :: (MESH:D006053,Disease) :: ['Hemifacial Microsomia']


abstract: The risk of @entity397 of an @entity1028 increases with size. It has thus been recommended that small @entity439 be continuously followed with some type of imaging technique to detect when @entity439 size constitutes an indication for surgery. The present study focuses on the growth rate of @entity1028 in 35 @entity1 who were subjected to repeated computerized tomographic examinations of their @entity1028 . Several @entity439 were measured more than twice resulting in 57 different examinations. The mean growth rate of the transverse diameter was 0.52 cm/year. The individual growth rates were, however, variable. @entity439 with an initial transverse diameter exceeding 6 cm showed a slightly but not significantly faster increase in size compared with smaller @entity439 . No correlation between initial size and growth rate could be established. Six @entity1 died during the study period, two from @entity583 , three after elective @entity439 operations and one, refused for elective operation, died after @entity397 . It is concluded that the growth rate measured with computed tomography agrees well with previously reported estimates obtained with ultrasonography. It is recommended that small @entity439 particularly in @entity1 with relative contraindications to surgery be followed with repeated examinations of size.

title: Growth rate of XXXX as measured by computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of qigong for @entity101 .A systematic literature search was performed in 7 databases from their respective inceptions until April 2014, including the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang database, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. Randomized controlled trials of qigong as either monotherapy or adjunctive therapy with antihypertensive drugs versus no intervention, exercise, or antihypertensive drugs for @entity101 were identified. The risk of bias was assessed using the tool described in Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions, version 5.1.0.Twenty trials containing 2349 @entity101 @entity1 were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of bias was generally high. Compared with no intervention, qigong significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) ( @entity353 [ @entity353 ]=-17.40mm Hg, 95% confidence interval [CI] -21.06 to -13.74, P<0.00001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ( @entity353 =-10.15mm Hg, 95% CI -13.99 to -6.30, P<0.00001). Qigong was inferior to exercise in decreasing SBP ( @entity353 =6.51mm Hg, 95% CI 2.81 to 10.21, P=0.0006), but no significant difference between the effects of qigong and exercise on DBP ( @entity353 =0.67mm Hg, 95% CI -1.39 to 2.73, P=0.52) was identified. Compared with antihypertensive drugs, qigong produced a clinically meaningful but not statistically significant reduction in SBP ( @entity353 =-7.91mm Hg, 95% CI -16.81 to 1.00, P=0.08), but appeared to be more effective in lowering DBP ( @entity353 =-6.08mm Hg, 95% CI -9.58 to -2.58, P=0.0007). Qigong plus antihypertensive drugs significantly lowered both SBP ( @entity353 =-11.99mm Hg, 95% CI -15.59 to -8.39, P<0.00001) and DBP ( @entity353 =-5.28mm Hg, 95% CI, -8.13 to -2.42, P=0.0003) compared with antihypertensive drugs alone. No serious adverse events were reported.The meta-analysis suggests that qigong is an effective therapy for @entity101 . However, more rigorously designed randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up focusing on hard clinical outcomes are required to confirm the results.

title: Qigong for XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: Ninety-one laparotomy-staged (LAP) IA and IIA @entity978 ( @entity978 ) @entity1 were analyzed to evaluate the prognostic significance of stage, mediastinal status, extranodal disease and histology. Forty IA @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy (XRT) only; of 51 IIA @entity1 , 44 received XRT only and 7 had additional chemotherapy. Disease-free survival (DFS) at 5 and 10 years was 81% and 70%, respectively, with overall survival (S) of 93% and 86%, respectively. Disease-free survival for IA @entity1 (93% at 5 and 10 years) was significantly superior to IIA (73% at 5 years, 52% at 10 years). Survival differences were not statistically significant. For IIA @entity1 receiving XRT only, large @entity3629 was an adverse factor for DFS. Small @entity3629 in IIA was significantly better than no @entity3629 . For the whole group of LAP IA and IIA treated by XRT only, three prognostic groups were identified: (1) Stage IA and Stage IIA with @entity3629 , but less than 7.5 cm in width was highly favorable with less than 10% relapse; (2) Stage IIA nonmediastinal had an intermediate prognosis with relapse in about 33%; (3) Stage IIA large mediastinal (greater than or equal to 7.5 cm) had an unfavorable DFS with relapse in about 55%. The third group contained a highly unfavorable subset with mediastinal masses greater than 10 cm, all of whom relapsed. Salvage therapy was successful in 60% of relapsing @entity1 . In the context of relatively effective salvage therapy, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in adverse prognostic groups is discussed and it is concluded that the only clearly justifiable use for adjuvant chemotherapy is in @entity1 with massive (greater than 10 cm) mediastinal adenopathy.

title: Laparotomy-staged IA versus IIA XXXX . A comparative study with evaluation of prognostic factors for stage IIA disease.

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity3629 :: ('MESH:D008477', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fixed-dose combination antiretroviral therapy administered as a single-tablet regimen (STR) may improve virologic suppression rates. The effect of STRs on development of resistance when virologic failure occurs on STRs is not known. OBJECTIVES: To compare the rate of emergent drug resistance mutations (DRMs) on first-line therapy with coformulated @entity19368 ( @entity12046 )/ @entity15832 ( @entity15834 )/efavirenz ( @entity14492 ) as an STR versus @entity12046 , @entity16332 ( @entity16332 ) or @entity15834 , and @entity14492 given as non-STR. METHODS: @entity1 from eight cohorts and four randomized clinical trials who received first-line antiretroviral therapy with Atripla (STR group) or with @entity12046 + @entity15834 / @entity16332 + @entity14492 (non-STR group) were eligible if a genotypic resistance test was available immediately after the first episode of viral failure. The DRM list from the 2013 version of IAS-USA was used. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-six @entity1 were included in the final analysis, 122 (65.6%) from eight cohorts and 64 (34.1%) from four randomized clinical trials. The overall proportion of @entity1 with at least one DRM at viral failure was 67.7%, including 53.4% (31 of 58) in the STR group vs. 74.2% (95 of 128) in the non-STR group (P=0.005). Among @entity1 exclusively from cohorts, at least one DRM was detected in 53.4% (31 of 58) in the STR group vs. 78.1% (50 of 64) in the non-STR group (P=0.004). DRMs for individual drugs were: @entity12046 , 15.5 vs. 16.4% (P=0.87); @entity16332 / @entity15834 , 31 vs. 35.2% (P=0.58); and NNRTI, 51.7 vs. 65.6% (P=0.07). The proportion of @entity1 with an @entity19899 /I among the 128 @entity1 who received @entity15834 was 32.8 vs. 36.2% among the 58 treated with @entity16332 (P=0.65). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to @entity1 receiving the STR-Atripla, those receiving the same components individually in a non-STR regimen have a statistically significantly increased risk of selecting for DRMs associated with their drugs on failure.

title: Lower prevalence of drug resistance mutations at first-line virological failure to first-line therapy with atripla vs. tenofovir+ XXXX / @entity16332 +efavirenz administered on a multiple tablet therapy.

entities_list: @entity15832 :: ('MESH:C122114', 'Chemical') :: ['emtricitabine']

entities_list: @entity19368 :: ('MESH:C418563', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir disoproxil fumarate']

answer: @entity15832 :: (MESH:C122114,Chemical) :: ['emtricitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fixed-dose combination antiretroviral therapy administered as a single-tablet regimen (STR) may improve virologic suppression rates. The effect of STRs on development of resistance when virologic failure occurs on STRs is not known. OBJECTIVES: To compare the rate of emergent drug resistance mutations (DRMs) on first-line therapy with coformulated @entity19368 ( @entity12046 )/ @entity15832 ( @entity15834 )/efavirenz ( @entity14492 ) as an STR versus @entity12046 , @entity16332 ( @entity16332 ) or @entity15834 , and @entity14492 given as non-STR. METHODS: @entity1 from eight cohorts and four randomized clinical trials who received first-line antiretroviral therapy with Atripla (STR group) or with @entity12046 + @entity15834 / @entity16332 + @entity14492 (non-STR group) were eligible if a genotypic resistance test was available immediately after the first episode of viral failure. The DRM list from the 2013 version of IAS-USA was used. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-six @entity1 were included in the final analysis, 122 (65.6%) from eight cohorts and 64 (34.1%) from four randomized clinical trials. The overall proportion of @entity1 with at least one DRM at viral failure was 67.7%, including 53.4% (31 of 58) in the STR group vs. 74.2% (95 of 128) in the non-STR group (P=0.005). Among @entity1 exclusively from cohorts, at least one DRM was detected in 53.4% (31 of 58) in the STR group vs. 78.1% (50 of 64) in the non-STR group (P=0.004). DRMs for individual drugs were: @entity12046 , 15.5 vs. 16.4% (P=0.87); @entity16332 / @entity15834 , 31 vs. 35.2% (P=0.58); and NNRTI, 51.7 vs. 65.6% (P=0.07). The proportion of @entity1 with an @entity19899 /I among the 128 @entity1 who received @entity15834 was 32.8 vs. 36.2% among the 58 treated with @entity16332 (P=0.65). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to @entity1 receiving the STR-Atripla, those receiving the same components individually in a non-STR regimen have a statistically significantly increased risk of selecting for DRMs associated with their drugs on failure.

title: Lower prevalence of drug resistance mutations at first-line virological failure to first-line therapy with atripla vs. tenofovir+ @entity15832 / XXXX +efavirenz administered on a multiple tablet therapy.

answer: @entity16332 :: (MESH:D019259,Chemical) :: ['lamivudine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:: Previous studies have evaluated whether @entity2449 is associated with @entity263 incidence and outcomes with conflicting conclusions. In this study, we evaluate the incidence of @entity263 in @entity6 @entity1 treated with and without @entity2449 compared with nondiabetic @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS:: One thousand thirty-four @entity1 underwent transperineal template-guided mapping biopsy secondary to either an elevated @entity1486 or a prior biopsy finding of atypical small acinar proliferation/ @entity5436 . The cohort included 881 nondiabetic @entity1 , 65 @entity6 @entity1 treated with @entity2449 , and 88 @entity6 @entity1 not receiving @entity2449 . In @entity2449 -treated @entity1 , the median duration of usage was 6.0 years. Differences in @entity263 diagnosis, histologic grade, and @entity5 volume were compared across the 3 cohorts. RESULTS:: There was no statistically significant differences discerned between the 3 cohorts in @entity1 age, prebiopsy @entity1486 , prostate volume, @entity1486 density, @entity1486 doubling time, @entity1486 velocity, or the total number of prior transrectal ultrasound biopsy sessions. Five hundred eighty-four @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity263 . There was no difference in @entity263 diagnosis (P=0.153), Gleason score (P=0.960), the number of positive biopsy cores (P=0.764), or risk group stratification (P=0.877) between the 3 cohorts. In multivariate analysis, only older age predicted for @entity263 diagnosis. In terms of Gleason score >= 7, @entity1 age, @entity1486 velocity, and body mass index predicted for more aggressive histology. Neither @entity6 , @entity2449 use or duration was of statistical consequence. CONCLUSION:: @entity2449 did not impact incidence of @entity263 diagnosis, Gleason score distribution, or volume of disease.

title: @entity2449 Does Not Predict for XXXX Diagnosis, Grade, or Volume of Disease After Transperineal Template-guided Mapping Biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:: Previous studies have evaluated whether @entity2449 is associated with @entity263 incidence and outcomes with conflicting conclusions. In this study, we evaluate the incidence of @entity263 in @entity6 @entity1 treated with and without @entity2449 compared with nondiabetic @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS:: One thousand thirty-four @entity1 underwent transperineal template-guided mapping biopsy secondary to either an elevated @entity1486 or a prior biopsy finding of atypical small acinar proliferation/ @entity5436 . The cohort included 881 nondiabetic @entity1 , 65 @entity6 @entity1 treated with @entity2449 , and 88 @entity6 @entity1 not receiving @entity2449 . In @entity2449 -treated @entity1 , the median duration of usage was 6.0 years. Differences in @entity263 diagnosis, histologic grade, and @entity5 volume were compared across the 3 cohorts. RESULTS:: There was no statistically significant differences discerned between the 3 cohorts in @entity1 age, prebiopsy @entity1486 , prostate volume, @entity1486 density, @entity1486 doubling time, @entity1486 velocity, or the total number of prior transrectal ultrasound biopsy sessions. Five hundred eighty-four @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity263 . There was no difference in @entity263 diagnosis (P=0.153), Gleason score (P=0.960), the number of positive biopsy cores (P=0.764), or risk group stratification (P=0.877) between the 3 cohorts. In multivariate analysis, only older age predicted for @entity263 diagnosis. In terms of Gleason score >= 7, @entity1 age, @entity1486 velocity, and body mass index predicted for more aggressive histology. Neither @entity6 , @entity2449 use or duration was of statistical consequence. CONCLUSION:: @entity2449 did not impact incidence of @entity263 diagnosis, Gleason score distribution, or volume of disease.

title: XXXX Does Not Predict for @entity263 Diagnosis, Grade, or Volume of Disease After Transperineal Template-guided Mapping Biopsy.

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['Metformin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) show a greater lumbar reposition error (RE) than healthy controls. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Studies on lumbar RE in @entity1 with @entity1643 present conflicting results. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature were performed to evaluate differences in RE between @entity1 with @entity1643 and healthy controls. Data on absolute error, constant error (CE), and variable error were extracted and effect sizes (ESs) were calculated. For the CE flexion pattern and active extension pattern, subgroups of @entity1 with @entity1643 were analyzed. Results of homogeneous studies were pooled. Measurement protocols and study outcomes were compared. The quality of reporting and the authors' appraisal of risk of bias were investigated. RESULTS: The original search revealed 178 records of which 13 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies showed that @entity1 with @entity1643 produced a significantly larger absolute error (ES, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.13-1.49) and variable error (ES, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.05-1.09) compared with controls. CE is direction specific in flexion and active extension pattern subgroups of @entity1 with @entity1643 (ES, 0.39; 95% CI, -1.09 to 0.3) and ES, 0.18; 95% CI, -0.3 to 0.65, respectively). The quality of reporting and the authors' appraisal of risk of bias varied considerably. The applied test procedures and instrumentation varied between the studies, which hampered the comparability of studies. CONCLUSION: Although @entity1 with @entity1643 seemed to produce a larger lumbar RE compared with healthy controls, study limitations render firm conclusions unsafe. Future studies should pay closer attention to power, precision, and reliability of the measurement approach, definition of outcome measures, and @entity1 selection. We recommend a large, well-powered, prospective randomized control study that uses a standardized measurement approach and definitions for @entity2246 , and variable error to address the hypothesis that proprioception may be impaired with CLBP. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1.

title: Measuring Lumbar Reposition Accuracy in XXXX With Unspecific Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['nonspecific chronic low back pain', 'NSCLBP']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['absolute error, CE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5683 are rare neoplasms that mainly affect @entity1 . They include @entity1185 , @entity1185 , and @entity189 . Detailed genetic studies are rare, and information about their molecular pathogenesis is limited. Molecular inversion probe analysis is a hybridization-based method that represents a reliable tool for the analysis of highly fragmented @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded tissue-derived DNA. Here, analysis of 62 cases showed frequent hyperdiploidy in @entity1185 and @entity1185 that appeared very similar in their cytogenetic profiles. In contrast, @entity189 showed mainly losses of chromosomes. Besides recurrent focal chromosomal gains common to all @entity5683 , including chromosome 14q21-q22 (harboring @entity15470 ), chromosome 7q22 ( @entity21821 ), and chromosome 9q21.12 ( @entity41857 ), Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer analysis uncovered focal alterations specific for @entity1185 and @entity1185 (e.g. 7p21.3 [ @entity71407 ]) and for @entity189 (16p13.3 [ @entity55524 ] and 6p21 [POLH, @entity71408 , @entity71409 , and @entity7 ]). Additional RNA expression profiling and gene set enrichment analysis revealed greater expression of cell cycle-related genes in @entity1185 in comparison with that in @entity1185 . These findings suggest that @entity1185 represent an immature variant of @entity1185 characterized by increased proliferative activity, whereas @entity189 seem to represent a genetically distinct @entity5 group.

title: High-Resolution Genomic Analysis Does Not Qualify Atypical Plexus Papilloma as a Separate Entity Among XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5683 :: ('MESH:D016545', 'Disease') :: ['Choroid plexus tumors', 'choroid plexus tumors']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas', 'atypical papillomas']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity5683 :: (MESH:D016545,Disease) :: ['Choroid Plexus Tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent of breast and chest-wall deformity varies widely in @entity13746 , and a variety of techniques are required to correct them. The aim of this study is to analyse our experience and long-term follow-up, and to propose an algorithmic approach to this @entity85 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective case-note review from a prospectively maintained database was carried out on 37 @entity1 . All @entity1 treated between 1993 and 2013 were reviewed, and long-term outcome was assessed by an objective photographic documentation. The @entity1 were invited to a photographic documentation, and the correlation between the subjective judgement and objective results in the late course was analysed. Based on our experience, we propose an algorithmic approach to this complex skeletal and soft-tissue deformity. RESULTS: Medical photographs were obtained from 32 @entity1 (22 females and 10 males). The age range was 11-44 years. Significant reduction in asymmetry was possible in all @entity1 . The mean follow-up time was 8.5 years (range, 2.2-20). The complex developmental defect involved the skin, subcutaneous tissue, breast, muscle, ribs and other @entity853 . The following treatments were applied alone or in combination: lipomodelling, liposuction, tissue expansion and implants, custom-made prosthesis, islanded pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flaps, pedicled and free muscle-sparing transverse rectus abdominis flaps, prosthetic chest-wall reconstruction and various combinations including multistage procedures. Surgery on the contralateral breast in female and male @entity1 was necessary in 22 @entity1 (20 female and two male). Assessment of the late result by four non-professionals (two females and two males) and one male plastic surgeon showed that the objective aesthetic results of the authors' reconstructions according to the proposed algorithm were sufficient. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13746 is a @entity245 in which several tissues are involved. It is crucial to have an armamentarium of techniques to tackle a variety of defects to meet @entity1 ' expectations, and to improve their quality of life. The clinical outcome of the currently presented algorithm proved beneficial in the decision process for the treatment of these @entity85 .

title: Integrated algorithm for reconstruction of complex forms of XXXX : 20-year outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['complex developmental deformity']

entities_list: @entity13746 :: ('MESH:D011045', 'Disease') :: ['Poland syndrome']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['congenital deformities', 'complex deformity']

answer: @entity13746 :: (MESH:D011045,Disease) :: ['Poland syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility and validity of using a pupillometer to assess @entity1 with acute @entity75 . METHODS: Pupillary examinations using an automated pupillometer (NeurOptics  NPi   -100 Pupillometer) were performed every 4 hours and were simultaneously assessed using the Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) and for @entity428 ( @entity428 ), from admission to discharge or expire in neuro-intensive care unit (NICU). @entity2300 were also recorded for comparison. By comparing these data, we evaluated the validity of using automated pupillometers to predict clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The mean values of the Neurologic Pupillary index (NPi) were different in the groups examined manually. The GCS correlated well with NPi values, especially in severe @entity1545 @entity1 (GCS below 9). However, the NPi values were weakly correlated with @entity428 ( @entity428 ) when the @entity428 was lower than 30 cm @entity4358 . The NPi value was not affected by age or intensity of illumination. In @entity1 with a "poor" prognosis who had a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of 1 or 2, the mean initial NPi score was 0.88  1.68, whereas the value was 3.89  0.97 in @entity1 with a "favorable" prognosis who had a GOS greater than 2 (p<0.001). For predicting clinical outcomes, the initial NPi value of 3.4 had the highest sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION: An automated pupillometer can serve as a simple and useful tool for the accurate measurement of pupillary reactivity in @entity1 with acute @entity75 .

title: Clinical Utility of an Automated Pupillometer in @entity1 with Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['Manual pupillary examinations']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Brain Lesion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility and validity of using a pupillometer to assess @entity1 with acute @entity75 . METHODS: Pupillary examinations using an automated pupillometer (NeurOptics  NPi   -100 Pupillometer) were performed every 4 hours and were simultaneously assessed using the Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) and for @entity428 ( @entity428 ), from admission to discharge or expire in neuro-intensive care unit (NICU). @entity2300 were also recorded for comparison. By comparing these data, we evaluated the validity of using automated pupillometers to predict clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The mean values of the Neurologic Pupillary index (NPi) were different in the groups examined manually. The GCS correlated well with NPi values, especially in severe @entity1545 @entity1 (GCS below 9). However, the NPi values were weakly correlated with @entity428 ( @entity428 ) when the @entity428 was lower than 30 cm @entity4358 . The NPi value was not affected by age or intensity of illumination. In @entity1 with a "poor" prognosis who had a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of 1 or 2, the mean initial NPi score was 0.88  1.68, whereas the value was 3.89  0.97 in @entity1 with a "favorable" prognosis who had a GOS greater than 2 (p<0.001). For predicting clinical outcomes, the initial NPi value of 3.4 had the highest sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION: An automated pupillometer can serve as a simple and useful tool for the accurate measurement of pupillary reactivity in @entity1 with acute @entity75 .

title: Clinical Utility of an Automated Pupillometer in XXXX with Acute @entity75 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The simultaneous occurrence of an intracranial and a @entity6234 ( @entity3439 ) is rare. We describe a case of cranial @entity3439 with a simultaneous spinal @entity3439 . An 82-year-old @entity1 visited the emergency room because of drowsiness and not being able to walk 6 weeks after falling down. A neurological examination showed a @entity1032 . Brain computed tomography showed bilateral chronic @entity3439 with an acute component. The @entity1 underwent an emergency burr-hole trephination and @entity1410 removal. She exhibited good recovery after the operation. On the fourth postoperative day, she complained of @entity1643 radiating to both lower limbs, and subjective weakness of the lower limbs. Spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed a thoracolumbosacral @entity3439 . A follow-up spinal magnetic resonance imaging study that was performed 16 days later showed a significant decrease in the size of the spinal @entity3439 . We discuss the pathogenesis of this simultaneous occurrence of spinal and cranial @entity3439 .

title: XXXX Associated with Intracranial Subdural Hematoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['drowsy mentality']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity6234 :: ('MESH:D046649', 'Disease') :: ['spinal subdural hematoma']

answer: @entity6234 :: (MESH:D046649,Disease) :: ['Spinal Subdural Hematoma']


abstract: A 54-year-old female living in Europe presented with @entity11583 , @entity1296 , and bilateral @entity393 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed non-specific white matter changes. The @entity1 's condition gradually deteriorated over two years without diagnosis. The @entity1 continued to decline cognitively and neurologically with @entity2055 and upper motor neuron signs. Repeat MRI showed worsening white matter changes. Lumbar puncture, not previously done, showed positive Lyme testing. Treatment with intravenous @entity2756 resulted in marked neurological improvement. Four years after symptom, the @entity1 has short-term @entity2414 and chronic fatigue, but is otherwise neurologically, cognitively, and functionally intact. Follow up MRI findings remain largely unchanged. Because cases of @entity9144 in America are lacking, so are treatment options. We present a rare case and discuss our experience with antibiotic treatment. This case lends evidence to define optimal treatment of this disease, imperative for hastening neurological recovery.

title: A case of chronic progressive lyme encephalitis as a manifestation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['intraparenchymal or encephalopathic neuroborreliosis']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['gait ataxia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['worsening ataxia']

answer: @entity9144 :: (MESH:D020852,Disease) :: ['late lyme neuroborreliosis']


abstract: AIM: To test the hypothesis that lymphocyte infiltration in brain @entity2758 (bAVM) is not associated with @entity1284 (indicator of microhemorrhage). METHODS: Sections of unruptured, previously untreated bAVM specimens (n=19) were stained immunohistochemically for T-lymphocytes (CD3(+)), B-lymphocytes ( @entity2225 (+)), plasma cells (CD138(+)) and macrophages ( @entity469 (+)). @entity1284 was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin and Prussian blue stains. Superficial temporal arteries (STA) were used as control. RESULTS: Both T lymphocytes and macrophages were present in unruptured, previously untreated bAVM specimens, whereas few B cells and plasma cells were detected. @entity1284 was detected in 8 specimens (42%; 95% confidence interval =20-67%). The samples with @entity1284 tended to have more macrophages than those without (666  313 vs 478  174 cells/mm(2); P=0.11). T-cells were clustered on the luminal side of the endothelial surface, on the vessel-wall, and in the perivascular regions. There was no correlation between T lymphocyte load and @entity1284 (P=0.88). No macrophages and lymphocytes were detected in STA controls. CONCLUSIONS: T-lymphocytes were present in bAVM specimens. Unlike macrophages, the load and location of T-lymphocytes were not associated with @entity1284 , suggesting the possibility of an independent cell-mediated immunological mechanism in bAVM pathogenesis.

title: Distinctive distribution of lymphocytes in unruptured and previously untreated brain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['Iron deposition', 'iron deposition']

answer: @entity2758 :: (MESH:D001165,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous malformation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Wearable devices have been popularly used with @entity1 from different age groups. As a consequence, the concerns of their electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure to the @entity1 body and their electromagnetic interference (EMI) to the implanted medical devices have attracted many studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the @entity1 exposure to the EMF of an active radiofrequency identification (RFID) armlet as well as its EMI to the @entity299 ( @entity299 ). Different @entity1 models from various age groups were applied to assess the result variability. The scalar potential finite element method was utilized in the simulation. Local EMF exposure and the exposure to the central nerve system tissues were evaluated using different metrics. EMI to the @entity299 was assessed in terms of the conducted voltage to the @entity299 . The results from all the models revealed that the studied RFID armlet would not produce the EMF exposure exceeding the safety limits. The calculated interference voltage was highly dependent on the distance between the RFID armlet and the @entity299 (i.e. the physical dimension of the individual model). The results proposed to evaluate the appropriateness of the current EMI measurement protocol for this kind of devices used by the @entity1 .

title: Dosimetry of electromagnetic field exposure of an active armlet and its electromagnetic interference to the cardiac pacemakers using adult, XXXX and @entity1 models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac pacemaker', 'CP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Wearable devices have been popularly used with @entity1 from different age groups. As a consequence, the concerns of their electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure to the @entity1 body and their electromagnetic interference (EMI) to the implanted medical devices have attracted many studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the @entity1 exposure to the EMF of an active radiofrequency identification (RFID) armlet as well as its EMI to the @entity299 ( @entity299 ). Different @entity1 models from various age groups were applied to assess the result variability. The scalar potential finite element method was utilized in the simulation. Local EMF exposure and the exposure to the central nerve system tissues were evaluated using different metrics. EMI to the @entity299 was assessed in terms of the conducted voltage to the @entity299 . The results from all the models revealed that the studied RFID armlet would not produce the EMF exposure exceeding the safety limits. The calculated interference voltage was highly dependent on the distance between the RFID armlet and the @entity299 (i.e. the physical dimension of the individual model). The results proposed to evaluate the appropriateness of the current EMI measurement protocol for this kind of devices used by the @entity1 .

title: Dosimetry of electromagnetic field exposure of an active armlet and its electromagnetic interference to the cardiac pacemakers using adult, @entity1 and XXXX models.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: " NlmCategory=: Invasive and noninvasive methods for evaluating the effects of hemodynamics on progression of @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) have been proposed. @entity551 ( @entity551 ) has been reported to be the best among selected measures of hemodynamics for predicting @entity4346 . However, there are few studies examining the relation between longitudinal changes in @entity551 and @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity740 . METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with @entity740 stages 3-5 (female/male ratio: 26/41, age: 61.5    13.1 years) were followed for 5 years. Before and at the end of the 5-year period, @entity551 was recorded by an automated tonometric system (HEM-9000 AI; Omron Healthcare, Kyoto, Japan). Second systolic aortic blood pressure ( @entity24022 ) was employed as an index of @entity551 . RESULTS: Throughout the study, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was well controlled. Renal function followed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) gradually worsened as a whole. Ten @entity1 had renal replacement therapy, 3 @entity1 developed @entity65 and 2 @entity1 were found to have a @entity5 during the 5-year observation period. @entity24022 increased from 120    19 to 125    33 mm Hg and eGFR decreased from 38.2    18.2 to 29.5    16.3 ml/min/1.73 m(2); however, these differences did not achieve significance. The @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) index significantly increased from 115.5    10.5 to 131.2    11.7 g/m(2) (p < 0.05). Although the changes in @entity24022 and eGFR looked like a mirror image, there was no significant correlation between the two factors. Moreover, multivariate regression analysis did not reveal a close correlation between @entity24022 and @entity740 progression. In contrast to the decline of renal function, the baseline value of @entity24022 predicted an increase in the @entity1002 index. CONCLUSION: Worsening of @entity8 is not solely dependent on hemodynamics. Other factors might be involved in a complex manner.

title: Decline of Renal Function and Progression of XXXX Are Independently Determined in @entity740 Stages 3-5.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Central aortic pressure', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVM', 'left ventricular mass']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['Left Ventricular Hypertrophy']


abstract: " NlmCategory=: Invasive and noninvasive methods for evaluating the effects of hemodynamics on progression of @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) have been proposed. @entity551 ( @entity551 ) has been reported to be the best among selected measures of hemodynamics for predicting @entity4346 . However, there are few studies examining the relation between longitudinal changes in @entity551 and @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity740 . METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity1 with @entity740 stages 3-5 (female/male ratio: 26/41, age: 61.5    13.1 years) were followed for 5 years. Before and at the end of the 5-year period, @entity551 was recorded by an automated tonometric system (HEM-9000 AI; Omron Healthcare, Kyoto, Japan). Second systolic aortic blood pressure ( @entity24022 ) was employed as an index of @entity551 . RESULTS: Throughout the study, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was well controlled. Renal function followed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) gradually worsened as a whole. Ten @entity1 had renal replacement therapy, 3 @entity1 developed @entity65 and 2 @entity1 were found to have a @entity5 during the 5-year observation period. @entity24022 increased from 120    19 to 125    33 mm Hg and eGFR decreased from 38.2    18.2 to 29.5    16.3 ml/min/1.73 m(2); however, these differences did not achieve significance. The @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) index significantly increased from 115.5    10.5 to 131.2    11.7 g/m(2) (p < 0.05). Although the changes in @entity24022 and eGFR looked like a mirror image, there was no significant correlation between the two factors. Moreover, multivariate regression analysis did not reveal a close correlation between @entity24022 and @entity740 progression. In contrast to the decline of renal function, the baseline value of @entity24022 predicted an increase in the @entity1002 index. CONCLUSION: Worsening of @entity8 is not solely dependent on hemodynamics. Other factors might be involved in a complex manner.

title: Decline of Renal Function and Progression of @entity4346 Are Independently Determined in XXXX Stages 3-5.

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1526 affects millions of @entity1 in Latin America. The control of this @entity4002 focuses on halting transmission by reducing or eliminating insect vector populations. Most transmission of @entity1527 , the causative agent of @entity1526 , involves insects living within or very close to households and feeding mostly on domestic animals. As animal hosts can be intermittently present it is important to understand how host availability can modify transmission risk to @entity1 and to characterize the host-seeking dispersal of triatomine vectors on a very fine scale. We used a semi-field system with motion-detection cameras to characterize the dispersal of Triatoma infestans, and compare the behavior of vector populations in the constant presence of hosts ( @entity840 ), and after the removal of the hosts. The emigration rate - net insect population decline in original refuge - following host removal was on average 19.7% of insects per 10 days compared to 10.2% in constant host populations (p=0.029). However, @entity1480 . infestans occurred in both directions, towards and away from the initial location of the hosts. The majority of insects that moved towards the original location of @entity840 remained there for 4 weeks. Oviposition and mortality were observed and analyzed in the context of insect dispersal, but only mortality was higher in the group where animal hosts were removed (p-value <0.01). We discuss different survival strategies associated with the observed behavior and its implications for vector control. Removing domestic animals in infested areas increases vector dispersal from the first day of host removal. The implications of these patterns of vector dispersal in a field setting are not yet known but could result in movement towards @entity1 rooms.

title: Host-Seeking Behavior and Dispersal of Triatoma infestans, a Vector of XXXX , under Semi-field Conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['vector-borne disease']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['dispersal of T']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3391 receptor antagonists have been shown to reduce perioperative @entity158 and opioid use. The authors performed a meta-analysis to determine whether the use of perioperative @entity14031 lowers @entity4784 or @entity158 scores. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Pubget, and EMBASE were searched. Studies were included if they were randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials written in English, and performed on @entity1 12 yr or older. For comparison of opioid use, included studies tracked total consumption of IV or intramuscular opioids over 24 to 48 h. @entity158 score comparisons were performed at 1, 4 to 6, and 24   h postoperatively. Difference in means ( @entity601 ) was used for effect size. RESULTS: Forty studies were identified and 21 were eligible for one or more comparisons. In 848 @entity1 from 14 trials, @entity4784 favored @entity14031 ( @entity601 , -10.51 mg IV @entity1286 equivalents; 95% CI, -16.48 to -4.53 mg; P = 0.0006). In 884 @entity1 from 13 trials, @entity158 at 1 h favored @entity14031 ( @entity601 , -1.60; 95% CI, -1.89 to -1.31; P < 0.00001). In 950 @entity1 from 13 trials, @entity158 at 4 to 6 h favored @entity14031 ( @entity601 , -0.89; 95% CI, -1.11 to -0.66; P < 0.00001). In 797 @entity1 from 12 trials, @entity158 at 24 h favored @entity14031 ( @entity601 , -0.92; 95% CI, -1.24 to -0.60; P < 0.00001). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that @entity14031 use perioperatively reduces the postoperative @entity4784 at 24 to 48 h and @entity158 scores at 1, 4 to 6, and 24 h.

title: Perioperative XXXX as an Adjunct for Postoperative Pain: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid consumption']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity14031 :: (MESH:D003915,Chemical) :: ['Dextromethorphan']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prolonged sedentary time (ST) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors (CV-RF) independent of physical activity (PA). Whether a high level of @entity410 ( @entity410 ) can modify the deleterious health consequences related to high ST is not known. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 12,274 @entity1 and 14,209 @entity1 (>= 20 yr) without known @entity65 . Self-reported ST measurements during a regular day were divided into three sex-specific equally sized groups ( <=4, 5 to <7, and >= 7 h  d). @entity410 was estimated (eCRF) using a previously validated nonexercise model. Using logistic regression analyses, adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for the association of ST with CV-RF clustering and for the potential modifying effect of eCRF. RESULTS: Each hour increase in ST was associated with 5% and 4% greater likelihood of having CV-RF clustering independent of PA in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Among the @entity1 with higher levels of eCRF, the adjusted OR values associated with >= 7 h  d of ST were 0.92 (0.56-1.51) for @entity1 and 1.16 (0.49-2.74) for @entity1 , compared with @entity1 and @entity1 with low ST ( <=4 h  d) and high eCRF levels. In combined analyses of eCRF, PA, and ST, compared with the reference group of @entity1 meeting the recommendations,  <=4 h  d of ST and high eCRF, the OR values were 0.63 (0.27-1.44) and 0.65 (0.14-3.07) in fit @entity1 and @entity1 with >= 7 h  d of ST, which did not meet the recommendations. @entity1 and @entity1 meeting the PA recommendations, but were unfit, had significantly increased odds of having CV-RF clustering across levels of ST. CONCLUSION: High levels of eCRF abolished the increased odds of having CV-RF clustering associated with high ST, even among those individuals who did not meet the current PA recommendations.

title: XXXX , Sedentary Time, and @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Cardiorespiratory Fitness']