abstract: The pro-apoptotic " @entity2424 domain-only" proteins of the @entity588 family (e.g. @entity5353 and @entity1835 ) transduce multiple death signals to the mitochondrion. They interact with the anti-apoptotic @entity588 family members and induce apoptosis by a mechanism that requires the presence of at least one of the multidomain pro-apoptotic proteins @entity589 or @entity2428 . Although the @entity2424 domain of @entity5353 can promote the pro-apoptotic assembly and function of @entity589 / @entity2428 by itself, other @entity2424 domains do not function as such. The latter point raises the question of whether, and how, these @entity2424 domains induce apoptosis. We show here that a peptide comprising the minimal @entity2424 domain from @entity589 induces apoptosis but is unable to stimulate the apoptotic activity of microinjected recombinant @entity589 . This relies on the inability of the peptide to directly induce @entity589 translocation to mitochondria or a change in its conformation. This peptide nevertheless interferes with @entity589 / @entity1836 interactions in vitro and stimulates the apoptotic activity of @entity589 when combined with @entity1836 . Similarly, a peptide derived from the @entity2424 domain of @entity1835 stimulates @entity589 activity only in the presence of @entity1836 . Thus, @entity2424 domains do not necessarily activate multidomain pro-apoptotic proteins directly but promote apoptosis by releasing active multidomain pro-apoptotic proteins from their anti-apoptotic counterparts.

title: Minimal XXXX peptides promote cell death by antagonizing anti-apoptotic proteins.

answer: @entity2424 :: (MESH:C006008,Chemical) :: ['BH3']


abstract: @entity12010 ( @entity12010 ) type 2 is defined by the manifestation of at least two @entity792 . Only few data exist on genetic associations of @entity12010 . In this controlled study, 98 @entity1 with @entity12010 , 96 @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ), and 92 @entity1 with @entity1669 , both as a single @entity792 , were tested for association with alleles of the human @entity4107 loci @entity1533 , @entity8167 , and @entity3098 . @entity1 with @entity12010 had significantly more often the alleles @entity1533 *03 (P(c) < 0.0001), @entity1533 *04 (P(c) < 0.000005), @entity8167 *03 (P(c) < 0.0001), and @entity3098 *02 (P(c) < 0.05), when compared with controls. Less frequent in @entity12010 were @entity1533 *15 (P(c) < 0.05), @entity8167 *01 (P(c) < 0.0005), and @entity3098 *05 (P(c) < 0.005). With regard to frequency and linkage of these alleles, the susceptible haplotypes @entity1533 *0301- @entity8167 *0501- @entity3098 *0201 and @entity1533 *0401/04- @entity8167 *0301- @entity3098 *0302 were deduced. Protective haplotypes in this study were @entity1533 *1501- @entity8167 *0102- @entity3098 *0602 and @entity1533 *0101- @entity8167 *0101- @entity3098 *0501. Comparing @entity12010 @entity1 with vs without @entity195 , no significant differences regarding HLA class II alleles were noted in our collective. @entity1 with @entity1723 as a singular disease had the same susceptible and protective HLA alleles and haplotypes. The prevalence of @entity1533 *03 and @entity1533 *04 in @entity12010 @entity1 was not because of the presence of @entity6 , as the @entity12010 @entity1 without @entity6 had the same allele distribution. In conclusion, these data suggest a common immunogenetic pathomechanism for @entity1723 and @entity12010 , which might be different from the immunogenetic pathomechanism of other @entity792 .

title: @entity12010 shows the same HLA class II pattern as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12010 :: ('MESH:D016884', 'Disease') :: ['APS type 2', 'Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune endocrine diseases', 'autoimmune endocrine disease', 'autoimmune endocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes']


abstract: @entity12010 ( @entity12010 ) type 2 is defined by the manifestation of at least two @entity792 . Only few data exist on genetic associations of @entity12010 . In this controlled study, 98 @entity1 with @entity12010 , 96 @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ), and 92 @entity1 with @entity1669 , both as a single @entity792 , were tested for association with alleles of the human @entity4107 loci @entity1533 , @entity8167 , and @entity3098 . @entity1 with @entity12010 had significantly more often the alleles @entity1533 *03 (P(c) < 0.0001), @entity1533 *04 (P(c) < 0.000005), @entity8167 *03 (P(c) < 0.0001), and @entity3098 *02 (P(c) < 0.05), when compared with controls. Less frequent in @entity12010 were @entity1533 *15 (P(c) < 0.05), @entity8167 *01 (P(c) < 0.0005), and @entity3098 *05 (P(c) < 0.005). With regard to frequency and linkage of these alleles, the susceptible haplotypes @entity1533 *0301- @entity8167 *0501- @entity3098 *0201 and @entity1533 *0401/04- @entity8167 *0301- @entity3098 *0302 were deduced. Protective haplotypes in this study were @entity1533 *1501- @entity8167 *0102- @entity3098 *0602 and @entity1533 *0101- @entity8167 *0101- @entity3098 *0501. Comparing @entity12010 @entity1 with vs without @entity195 , no significant differences regarding HLA class II alleles were noted in our collective. @entity1 with @entity1723 as a singular disease had the same susceptible and protective HLA alleles and haplotypes. The prevalence of @entity1533 *03 and @entity1533 *04 in @entity12010 @entity1 was not because of the presence of @entity6 , as the @entity12010 @entity1 without @entity6 had the same allele distribution. In conclusion, these data suggest a common immunogenetic pathomechanism for @entity1723 and @entity12010 , which might be different from the immunogenetic pathomechanism of other @entity792 .

title: XXXX shows the same HLA class II pattern as @entity1723 .

answer: @entity12010 :: (MESH:D016884,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2']


abstract: We present what is believed to be the first report of @entity189 arising from @entity0 . A 57-year-old @entity1 presented with a nodule in her right breast. Histological examination of a vacuum-assisted biopsy specimen revealed epithelial tubular proliferation and papillary apocrine epithelium. The myoepithelial cells lining the tubules were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The nodule had increased in size 18 months later and tumorectomy was performed. The surgical specimen revealed proliferating apocrine epithelium with sheet-like and cribriform architecture within a mammary duct. Some myoepithelial cells showed irregular proliferation around the tubular epithelium. All three components, including apocrine, myoepithelial and glandular cells, showed prominent nuclear atypia and significant mitotic activity. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity420 . The malignant potential of ductal adenoma has not previously been discussed, but this @entity189 could represent a serious pitfall in the diagnosis of ductal @entity652 .

title: Malignant transformation of XXXX : a diagnostic pitfall.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast ductal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of ductal adenoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast ductal adenoma']


abstract: The @entity1 tissue @entity71080 gene ( @entity71080 ), encoding for @entity7435 protein, was recently cloned and characterized. Here we describe the immunohistochemical (IHC) localization of @entity7435 in normal @entity1 tissues and compare it with the expression of two other kallikreins, @entity22546 and @entity7434 . We performed the streptavidin- @entity1885 IHC method on 204 paraffin blocks from archival, current, and autopsy material prepared from almost every normal @entity1 tissue, using a polyclonal and a monoclonal @entity7435 antibody. The staining was cytoplasmic and both antibodies yielded similar results. The @entity7435 protein was revealed in a variety of tissues, mainly in glandular epithelia. Other epithelia that expressed @entity7435 included the urothelium, the spermatic epithelium, and the epithelium of the choroid plexus. @entity7435 was intensely immunoexpressed by some endocrine organs, such as the adenohypophysis, the thyroid gland, the parathyroid glands, the adrenal medulla, the Leydig cells of the testis, and the cells of the endocrine pancreas. Immunoreactivity was also observed in the primordial follicles, the corpus luteum, and sparse luteinized cells in the stroma of the ovary, the trophoblastic cells of the placenta, the Hassall's corpuscles of the thymus, and chondrocytes. Nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, and both neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system, were positive. In short, @entity7435 was expressed by many glandular epithelia, some endocrine organs, and some specialized epithelia and cells. Comparison of these data with @entity22546 and @entity7434 expression suggests that the three @entity7199 have a similar IHC pattern in normal @entity1 tissues.

title: @entity1 XXXX expression in normal tissues: an immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikreins']

answer: @entity71080 :: (26085,Gene) :: ['kallikrein 13']


abstract: The @entity1 tissue @entity71080 gene ( @entity71080 ), encoding for @entity7435 protein, was recently cloned and characterized. Here we describe the immunohistochemical (IHC) localization of @entity7435 in normal @entity1 tissues and compare it with the expression of two other kallikreins, @entity22546 and @entity7434 . We performed the streptavidin- @entity1885 IHC method on 204 paraffin blocks from archival, current, and autopsy material prepared from almost every normal @entity1 tissue, using a polyclonal and a monoclonal @entity7435 antibody. The staining was cytoplasmic and both antibodies yielded similar results. The @entity7435 protein was revealed in a variety of tissues, mainly in glandular epithelia. Other epithelia that expressed @entity7435 included the urothelium, the spermatic epithelium, and the epithelium of the choroid plexus. @entity7435 was intensely immunoexpressed by some endocrine organs, such as the adenohypophysis, the thyroid gland, the parathyroid glands, the adrenal medulla, the Leydig cells of the testis, and the cells of the endocrine pancreas. Immunoreactivity was also observed in the primordial follicles, the corpus luteum, and sparse luteinized cells in the stroma of the ovary, the trophoblastic cells of the placenta, the Hassall's corpuscles of the thymus, and chondrocytes. Nerves and ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, and both neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system, were positive. In short, @entity7435 was expressed by many glandular epithelia, some endocrine organs, and some specialized epithelia and cells. Comparison of these data with @entity22546 and @entity7434 expression suggests that the three @entity7199 have a similar IHC pattern in normal @entity1 tissues.

title: XXXX @entity71080 expression in normal tissues: an immunohistochemical study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The multiplicity of proteins compared with genes in mammals owes much to alternative splicing. Splicing signals are so subtle and complex that small perturbations may allow the production of new mRNA variants. However, the flexibility of splicing can also be a liability, and several @entity74 result from single-base changes that cause exons to be skipped during splicing. Conventional oligonucleotide strategies can block reactions but cannot restore splicing. We describe here a method by which the use of a defective exon was restored. @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) results from mutations of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) gene. Mutations of @entity11280 cause @entity2057 , whereas @entity23247 acts as a modifying gene. The two genes undergo alternative splicing with @entity11280 , producing an abundance of full-length mRNA transcripts, whereas @entity23247 predominantly produces exon 7-deleted transcripts. This discrepancy is because of a single @entity377 difference in @entity23247 exon 7, which disrupts an exonic splicing enhancer containing an SF2ASF binding site. We have designed oligoribonucleotides that are complementary to exon 7 and contain exonic splicing enhancer motifs to provide trans-acting enhancers. These tailed oligoribonucleotides increased @entity23247 exon 7 splicing in vitro and rescued the incorporation of @entity23247 exon 7 in @entity2057 @entity1 fibroblasts. This treatment also resulted in the partial restoration of gems, intranuclear structures containing SMN protein that are severely reduced in @entity1 with @entity2057 . The use of tailed antisense oligonucleotides to recruit positively acting factors to stimulate a splicing reaction may have therapeutic applications for @entity74 , such as @entity2057 , in which splicing patterns are altered.

title: Bifunctional antisense oligonucleotides provide a trans-acting splicing enhancer that stimulates XXXX gene expression in @entity1 fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal muscular atrophy', 'SMA']

answer: @entity23247 :: (6607,Gene) :: ['SMN2']


abstract: The multiplicity of proteins compared with genes in mammals owes much to alternative splicing. Splicing signals are so subtle and complex that small perturbations may allow the production of new mRNA variants. However, the flexibility of splicing can also be a liability, and several @entity74 result from single-base changes that cause exons to be skipped during splicing. Conventional oligonucleotide strategies can block reactions but cannot restore splicing. We describe here a method by which the use of a defective exon was restored. @entity2057 ( @entity2057 ) results from mutations of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) gene. Mutations of @entity11280 cause @entity2057 , whereas @entity23247 acts as a modifying gene. The two genes undergo alternative splicing with @entity11280 , producing an abundance of full-length mRNA transcripts, whereas @entity23247 predominantly produces exon 7-deleted transcripts. This discrepancy is because of a single @entity377 difference in @entity23247 exon 7, which disrupts an exonic splicing enhancer containing an SF2ASF binding site. We have designed oligoribonucleotides that are complementary to exon 7 and contain exonic splicing enhancer motifs to provide trans-acting enhancers. These tailed oligoribonucleotides increased @entity23247 exon 7 splicing in vitro and rescued the incorporation of @entity23247 exon 7 in @entity2057 @entity1 fibroblasts. This treatment also resulted in the partial restoration of gems, intranuclear structures containing SMN protein that are severely reduced in @entity1 with @entity2057 . The use of tailed antisense oligonucleotides to recruit positively acting factors to stimulate a splicing reaction may have therapeutic applications for @entity74 , such as @entity2057 , in which splicing patterns are altered.

title: Bifunctional antisense oligonucleotides provide a trans-acting splicing enhancer that stimulates @entity23247 gene expression in XXXX fibroblasts.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective monozygotic twin cohort study. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to investigate the associations between different spinal MRI findings and current, past year, and lifetime @entity1643 after adjusting for occupational physical loading, smoking, genetics, and early family influences. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The role of spinal pathology in back symptoms continues to be controversial. METHODS: The study @entity1 consisted of 115 monozygotic male twin pairs 35 to 69 years of age. The qualitatively assessed MRI parameters were as follows: disc height, bulging, herniations, anular tears, @entity5040 , @entity612 , and endplate changes. Signal intensity was measured quantitatively. RESULTS: After controlling for age, disc height was associated with all @entity615 variables studied and anular tears with @entity5752 frequency and intensity during the 12 months before imaging. Both were associated with lifetime frequency of @entity1643 interfering with daily activities, disability, and intensity of the worst lifetime @entity158 episode. Other MRI findings did not explain the various symptom histories. Adjusting for physical loading in the past 12 months increased the associations of anular tears and " @entity1643 parameters. After controlling for genotype and other familial influences, the within-pair differences in disc height and anular tears accounted for 6% to 12% of the total variance in the within-pair differences of @entity1643 variables. CONCLUSION: These findings raise new questions about the underlying mechanisms of @entity5752 . The sensitivities of the only significant MRI parameters, disc height narrowing and anular tears, are poor, and these findings alone are of limited clinical importance.

title: Associations between XXXX history and lumbar MRI findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain today" and 12-month low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This is a case report of a @entity1 with @entity1358 and intradural @entity3 to the cauda equina. OBJECTIVE: To present a rare case of an intradural @entity3 from @entity1358 and to discuss the clinical features of @entity3 in the cauda equina and the possible mechanism of the @entity5 spread to the cauda equina. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Intradural spinal @entity3 has been rarely reported in the English literature. Only two reports that describe the spread of metastatic @entity1358 to the cauda equina have been published. METHODS: A 61-year-old @entity1 who underwent a nephrectomy for the treatment of @entity1358 presented with @entity1643 that radiated to both legs. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an ill-defined @entity5 mass in the cauda equina at L3. After a recapping T-saw laminoplasty of L3 was performed, the @entity5 was excised and the nerves involved in the @entity5 were transected. RESULTS: Pathologic examination showed @entity1358 with identical histology to the @entity5 . The @entity1 's @entity1643 and radiating leg @entity158 were relieved after operating. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity1971 are @entity5 , and @entity3 are very rare. Intradural spinal @entity3 @entity158 is a characteristic cramping @entity158 provoked by light percussion on the lumbar spine, becoming severe when sleeping in the flexion or sitting position. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool for detecting intraspinal @entity3 when the @entity1 is complaining of a unique @entity158 . A recapping T-saw laminoplasty to preserve posterior elements with @entity5 removal is feasible for relieving @entity158 and demonstrating the pathology.

title: Unusual @entity3 to the cauda equina from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['worsening low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'papillary renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This is a case report of a @entity1 with @entity1358 and intradural @entity3 to the cauda equina. OBJECTIVE: To present a rare case of an intradural @entity3 from @entity1358 and to discuss the clinical features of @entity3 in the cauda equina and the possible mechanism of the @entity5 spread to the cauda equina. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Intradural spinal @entity3 has been rarely reported in the English literature. Only two reports that describe the spread of metastatic @entity1358 to the cauda equina have been published. METHODS: A 61-year-old @entity1 who underwent a nephrectomy for the treatment of @entity1358 presented with @entity1643 that radiated to both legs. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an ill-defined @entity5 mass in the cauda equina at L3. After a recapping T-saw laminoplasty of L3 was performed, the @entity5 was excised and the nerves involved in the @entity5 were transected. RESULTS: Pathologic examination showed @entity1358 with identical histology to the @entity5 . The @entity1 's @entity1643 and radiating leg @entity158 were relieved after operating. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity1971 are @entity5 , and @entity3 are very rare. Intradural spinal @entity3 @entity158 is a characteristic cramping @entity158 provoked by light percussion on the lumbar spine, becoming severe when sleeping in the flexion or sitting position. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool for detecting intraspinal @entity3 when the @entity1 is complaining of a unique @entity158 . A recapping T-saw laminoplasty to preserve posterior elements with @entity5 removal is feasible for relieving @entity158 and demonstrating the pathology.

title: Unusual XXXX to the cauda equina from @entity1358 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive case report. OBJECTIVES: To report the case of a @entity1 with medial @entity2054 of the foot following posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: No previous study has reported medial @entity2054 of the foot following spinal surgery. METHODS: A 15-year-old female with progressive @entity2112 was taken for posterior instrumentation and fusion. The @entity1 had a history of severe postexertional cramping in the feet following athletics. Surgery progressed uneventfully and the @entity1 was continuously monitored with somatosensory-evoked potentials, which showed no changes. In the recovery room, the @entity1 complained of severe cramping in one foot that was similar to her postexertional cramping. This was lessened with massage and @entity6058 . Soreness continued in the foot into postoperative day one and then increased overnight. On the morning of postoperative day 2, pressure in the medial compartment was found to be 97 mm Hg and she was taken for fasciotomy, which found @entity39 of the abductor hallucis muscle, and all other compartments of the foot were normal. RESULTS: At the 6-month follow-up, the @entity1 is doing well with no known sequelae. CONCLUSION: This was a very rare case of medial @entity2054 of the foot following spine surgery. We believe that the @entity1 had a predisposition, whether neurologic or vascular, toward cramping in the foot and that this activity was stimulated by the nerve stimulation during the evoked potential monitoring. Although the @entity1 had @entity1514 epidural analgesia after surgery, it was not felt to have contributed to the development or result of the @entity2054 . We strongly advocate for checking @entity1 feet and legs during surgery for overactivity and stress the need for a high index of suspicion for @entity2054 for @entity158 after surgery.

title: Medial XXXX of the foot: an unusual complication of spine surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['unexplained pain']

answer: @entity2054 :: (MESH:D003161,Disease) :: ['compartment syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Regarding therapy and prognosis of acute @entity63 @entity64 the identification of @entity63 penumbra is pivotal. A promising candidate is BOLD-imaging using qT2'-maps. For valid interpretation of experimental studies in animals normal values for qT2' are needed. Normal values in @entity1 at 1.5T already exist. Normal values for cortical and subcortical structures in a spontaneously @entity101 @entity64 prone @entity35 stem (SHR-SP) at a fieldstrength of 3T are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 39 (20 males and 19 females) spontaneously @entity101 @entity64 prone (SHRSP) @entity35 were examined in a 3T scanner using a dedicated small animal coil. Mean weight was 144.1    8.2g and mean age was 60.2    2.7 days. For the calculation of qT2' multiple echo T2w and T2 w images were acquired. ROIs were placed into deep and cortical grey matter in five different brain regions to obtain values for qT2', qT2 and qT2. RESULTS: Mean qT2' for cortical grey matter was 74.76    33.27 ms and 67.73    17.86 ms for deep grey matter. The 99% confidence interval for cortical grey matter was 69.91-79.61 ms. For qT2 it was 79.02    2.9 ms and 70.45    1.89 ms, respectively. For qT2 it was 34.65    5.25 ms and 31.9    2.9 ms. CONCLUSION: The values for qT2' presented here can serve as reference values for further studies examining the @entity63 penumbra in a @entity35 model.

title: Normal values of quantitative T2' in a spontaneously @entity101 XXXX prone @entity35 stem at 3T.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Regarding therapy and prognosis of acute @entity63 @entity64 the identification of @entity63 penumbra is pivotal. A promising candidate is BOLD-imaging using qT2'-maps. For valid interpretation of experimental studies in animals normal values for qT2' are needed. Normal values in @entity1 at 1.5T already exist. Normal values for cortical and subcortical structures in a spontaneously @entity101 @entity64 prone @entity35 stem (SHR-SP) at a fieldstrength of 3T are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 39 (20 males and 19 females) spontaneously @entity101 @entity64 prone (SHRSP) @entity35 were examined in a 3T scanner using a dedicated small animal coil. Mean weight was 144.1    8.2g and mean age was 60.2    2.7 days. For the calculation of qT2' multiple echo T2w and T2 w images were acquired. ROIs were placed into deep and cortical grey matter in five different brain regions to obtain values for qT2', qT2 and qT2. RESULTS: Mean qT2' for cortical grey matter was 74.76    33.27 ms and 67.73    17.86 ms for deep grey matter. The 99% confidence interval for cortical grey matter was 69.91-79.61 ms. For qT2 it was 79.02    2.9 ms and 70.45    1.89 ms, respectively. For qT2 it was 34.65    5.25 ms and 31.9    2.9 ms. CONCLUSION: The values for qT2' presented here can serve as reference values for further studies examining the @entity63 penumbra in a @entity35 model.

title: Normal values of quantitative T2' in a spontaneously XXXX @entity64 prone @entity35 stem at 3T.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Regarding therapy and prognosis of acute @entity63 @entity64 the identification of @entity63 penumbra is pivotal. A promising candidate is BOLD-imaging using qT2'-maps. For valid interpretation of experimental studies in animals normal values for qT2' are needed. Normal values in @entity1 at 1.5T already exist. Normal values for cortical and subcortical structures in a spontaneously @entity101 @entity64 prone @entity35 stem (SHR-SP) at a fieldstrength of 3T are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 39 (20 males and 19 females) spontaneously @entity101 @entity64 prone (SHRSP) @entity35 were examined in a 3T scanner using a dedicated small animal coil. Mean weight was 144.1    8.2g and mean age was 60.2    2.7 days. For the calculation of qT2' multiple echo T2w and T2 w images were acquired. ROIs were placed into deep and cortical grey matter in five different brain regions to obtain values for qT2', qT2 and qT2. RESULTS: Mean qT2' for cortical grey matter was 74.76    33.27 ms and 67.73    17.86 ms for deep grey matter. The 99% confidence interval for cortical grey matter was 69.91-79.61 ms. For qT2 it was 79.02    2.9 ms and 70.45    1.89 ms, respectively. For qT2 it was 34.65    5.25 ms and 31.9    2.9 ms. CONCLUSION: The values for qT2' presented here can serve as reference values for further studies examining the @entity63 penumbra in a @entity35 model.

title: Normal values of quantitative T2' in a spontaneously @entity101 @entity64 prone XXXX stem at 3T.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1 plasma cholinesterase was found to be inhibited by @entity12259 in a biphasic manner. The faster phase of the inhibition led to loss of approximately 50% of the activity (measured at pH 7.0, 30 degrees C, using 2.5 mM @entity1387 ) and was irreversible. Inhibition in the slower phase was reversible by 0.25 M @entity8696 . The protective effect of 1 mM @entity1169 indicated that the target residue in both phases was localized at the active site. Lineweaver-Burk plots for @entity1387 were obtained at different times during the course of inactivation. It was found that for both native and partially inactivated enzymes the plots could be analyzed in terms of two activities showing hyperbolic saturation with the substrate, with Km values of 0.055 +/- 0.015 and 2.0 +/- 0.2 mM. The @entity26408 affected the maximal velocities of the component activities, leaving the Km's unchanged. The low-Km component was lost in the first phase of the inactivation. The loss of the high-Km component paralleled the second phase. It was concluded that the active sites in the tetrameric enzyme form two classes, differing in their affinity for @entity1387 and their susceptibility to inhibition by the active site-directed @entity26408 .

title: Differential reactivity of active sites in @entity1 plasma cholinesterase toward XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity12259 :: ('MESH:D005022', 'Chemical') :: ['1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide']

entities_list: @entity26408 :: ('CHEBI:53091', 'Chemical') :: ['carbodiimide']

entities_list: @entity8696 :: ('MESH:D019811', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylamine']

entities_list: @entity1387 :: ('MESH:D002092', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrylthiocholine']

answer: @entity12259 :: (MESH:D005022,Chemical) :: ['1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide']


abstract: @entity1 plasma cholinesterase was found to be inhibited by @entity12259 in a biphasic manner. The faster phase of the inhibition led to loss of approximately 50% of the activity (measured at pH 7.0, 30 degrees C, using 2.5 mM @entity1387 ) and was irreversible. Inhibition in the slower phase was reversible by 0.25 M @entity8696 . The protective effect of 1 mM @entity1169 indicated that the target residue in both phases was localized at the active site. Lineweaver-Burk plots for @entity1387 were obtained at different times during the course of inactivation. It was found that for both native and partially inactivated enzymes the plots could be analyzed in terms of two activities showing hyperbolic saturation with the substrate, with Km values of 0.055 +/- 0.015 and 2.0 +/- 0.2 mM. The @entity26408 affected the maximal velocities of the component activities, leaving the Km's unchanged. The low-Km component was lost in the first phase of the inactivation. The loss of the high-Km component paralleled the second phase. It was concluded that the active sites in the tetrameric enzyme form two classes, differing in their affinity for @entity1387 and their susceptibility to inhibition by the active site-directed @entity26408 .

title: Differential reactivity of active sites in XXXX plasma cholinesterase toward @entity12259 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse management and outcomes of carotid artery (CA) @entity130 . DESIGN: Retrospective study of the @entity1 in the combat operations in Chechnya (1999-2002) and in peacetime (2003-2009). MATERIALS: A total of 46 @entity1 with missile (27) and stab (19) wounds, who had common and internal @entity1914 , underwent an open surgery. @entity346 ( @entity346 ) were placed in eight @entity1 with more severe @entity130 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of @entity1 ' data. RESULTS: CA ligation and CA repair were performed in 9 and 37 @entity1 , respectively. Of the nine @entity1 with CA ligation, five developed @entity51 ; the remaining four @entity1 died (100% of poor outcomes). Of the 37 @entity1 with blood flow restoration, nine @entity1 died and @entity51 persisted in two @entity1 (30% of poor outcomes) (p < 0.05). Among @entity1 with @entity1950 , three @entity1 died and two had stable @entity51 (63% of poor results). Of the @entity1 without @entity1950 , 10 @entity1 died and five had @entity16 (56% of poor outcomes) (p = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: CA repair is the method of choice in @entity1914 . @entity1950 use does not result in a decreased mortality rate or @entity51 reduction in @entity1 with severe @entity130 .

title: Operative management of penetrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['TSs', 'Temporary shunts']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1914 :: (MESH:D020212,Disease) :: ['carotid artery injuries']


abstract: The surgical results of the 63 @entity1 with @entity5 of the spine, treated in Chiba University Hospital and Chiba Cancer Center in 1977-86, were analyzed. The location of the @entity5 were lung (30.2%), thyroid gland (14.3%), kidney (14.3%), breast (12.7%) and gastro-intestinal tract (9.5%). All @entity1 had intractable @entity158 , and 47 (76%) had @entity51 . 46 @entity1 were treated with posterior procedure, 7 with anterior procedure and 10 with combined anterior and posterior procedure. Anterior and posterior stabilization using implants (instrumentation, ceramics, cement) were undertaken together with @entity5 resection and surgical decompression in past 10 years. In 21 @entity1 treated with laminectomy only, 53% had @entity158 relief, and 48% had improvement of @entity51 . In 42 @entity1 treated with surgical decompression and stabilization, 78% had @entity158 relief, and 54% had improvement of @entity51 . Surgical decompression should be undertaken before complete paralysis develop (degree B on Frankel classification). With multi-disciplinary treatment @entity1 with @entity5 of the spine survived for a significantly longer time. In @entity1 with @entity51 but few visceral @entity3 and in those with @entity5 ( @entity259 , @entity0 and @entity703 ) in which a survival time of longer than 6 months can be expected, operative intervention using advanced surgical technique the quality of the @entity1 's life and let @entity1 support themselves in ADL.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of secondary spine XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'slow-growing tumor', 'metastatic cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Prophylactic internal fixation (PIF), with a bone plate in either the anterior (over the section defect) or posterior (on intact cortex) position, has substantially reduced the incidence of @entity174 at the donor site of the radial osteocutaneous free flap. This study uses the @entity742 tibia model to compare the effectiveness of new T-shaped titanium plates utilising a unilocking screw system with a 3.5 mm steel plate and bicortical screw fixation system commonly applied for PIF. Forty matched pairs of adult @entity742 tibias were tested in torsion and 4-point bending. An osteotomised bone was significantly weaker (p<0.001) than an intact bone in both bending and torsion with a mean loss of 77% and 64% of strength respectively. The tibia withstood much greater bending loads. All of the constructs significantly strengthened an osteotomised bone by a factor of 1.73-2.43 times in bending and 1.54-2.63 in torsion. The 2.4 mm T-plate in an anterior position (section) was the baseline against which other plates in differing positions were compared. The 3.5 mm T-plate section, @entity1298 section and @entity1298 cortex constructs had 41%, 30% and 2% greater mean bending strengths respectively but only the 3.5 mm T-plate section result approached statistical significance (p=0.06). In torsion the @entity1298 section, 3.5 mm T-plate section and @entity1298 cortex constructs had 56% (p=0.01), 27% (p=0.06) and 25% greater mean strengths respectively. When compared to an intact bone the mean bending strength restored by the @entity1298 section (84%) and 3.5 mm T-plate section (87%) constructs was greatest and effectively restored the strength to that of an intact bone (100%). In torsion the mean strength restored by the @entity1298 section (62%), @entity1298 cortex (44%), 3.5 mm T-plate section (40%) and 2.4 mm T-plate (36%) remained significantly less than an intact bone. All of the plate constructs significantly strengthened an osteotomised bone but overall the 3.5 mm T-plate section and @entity1298 section were the strongest constructs and most suitable for PIF. The lighter 2.4 mm T-shaped titanium plate was least effective. The strongest reinforcement in bending and torsion was the 3.5 mm T-plate section and @entity1298 section respectively. The 3.5 mm @entity1298 section plate was significantly stronger (p=0.01) than the 3.5 mm T-plate in torsion and remains the most effective construct for resisting torsional stresses, which are probably the commonest cause of @entity174 in clinical practice.

title: Biomechanical study of a unilocking T-plate system for prophylactic internal fixation of the radial osteocutaneous donor site using the XXXX tibia model.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: The incidence of @entity242 of the gastrointestinal tract has remained the same, but @entity344 are gradually contributing a larger percentage of @entity1820 . The authors have examined their more recent experience with these relatively rare lesions. Twenty-eight @entity1 (13 with @entity706 , 15 with @entity242 ) have been treated at the Vanderbilt University and the Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital since 1976. There were eight @entity1 in the group with @entity706 and six in the group with @entity242 . The average age for @entity1 with @entity706 was 66 years; the average age was 57 years in the @entity1 with @entity242 . Seven @entity1 with @entity706 and eight @entity1 with @entity242 had been treated for 6 months to 3 years for presumed @entity10189 . Eight of these 15 @entity1 were found to have perforated @entity5 at the time of surgical exploration. Three @entity1 (all in the group with @entity242 ) had metastatic @entity409 or peritoneal implants at the time of diagnosis. Treatment for most @entity1 included resection of the @entity5 , followed by chemotherapy or radiation in cases of @entity5 perforation or metastatic disease. The survival rate for @entity1 with @entity706 has averaged 5.5 years, with a 55% 5-year survival rate. @entity1 with cleaved cell @entity5 survived longer than those with other types of @entity706 . In the group with @entity242 , the survival rate has been 3.1 years on the average, with a 21% 5-year survival rate.

title: XXXX and @entity242 . A case for aggressive search and destroy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gastrointestinal neoplasms']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal lymphoma']


abstract: The incidence of @entity242 of the gastrointestinal tract has remained the same, but @entity344 are gradually contributing a larger percentage of @entity1820 . The authors have examined their more recent experience with these relatively rare lesions. Twenty-eight @entity1 (13 with @entity706 , 15 with @entity242 ) have been treated at the Vanderbilt University and the Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital since 1976. There were eight @entity1 in the group with @entity706 and six in the group with @entity242 . The average age for @entity1 with @entity706 was 66 years; the average age was 57 years in the @entity1 with @entity242 . Seven @entity1 with @entity706 and eight @entity1 with @entity242 had been treated for 6 months to 3 years for presumed @entity10189 . Eight of these 15 @entity1 were found to have perforated @entity5 at the time of surgical exploration. Three @entity1 (all in the group with @entity242 ) had metastatic @entity409 or peritoneal implants at the time of diagnosis. Treatment for most @entity1 included resection of the @entity5 , followed by chemotherapy or radiation in cases of @entity5 perforation or metastatic disease. The survival rate for @entity1 with @entity706 has averaged 5.5 years, with a 55% 5-year survival rate. @entity1 with cleaved cell @entity5 survived longer than those with other types of @entity706 . In the group with @entity242 , the survival rate has been 3.1 years on the average, with a 21% 5-year survival rate.

title: @entity344 and XXXX . A case for aggressive search and destroy.

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the incidence, mechanism, and clinical implications of atrioventricular (AV) block during catheter radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI). Although RF ablation of @entity956 is the most frequently performed ablation procedure, data on the incidence and significance of an @entity713 occurring during the procedure are scarce. METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive @entity1 (n=845, 73.5% male) undergoing CTI ablation (913 procedures) between 1998 and 2010 were studied. Data on the occurrence of complete @entity713 (lasting>= 3 s) during the procedure were prospectively collected. Sixteen (1.9%) @entity1 experienced @entity713 , 12 during delivery of RF pulses (Group 1) and 4 (Group 2) during manipulation of catheters in the cardiac chambers. The @entity713 was short lived (<1 min), located in the AV node, and associated with septal isthmus RF lines in 11 Group 1 @entity1 . It was long-lasting and led to pacemaker implantation in one Group 1 @entity1 . @entity713 had an infranodal location in four Group 2 @entity1 , all of whom had a pre-existing complete @entity714 ( @entity714 ). One Group 2 @entity1 had an @entity713 during his two ablation procedures. Permanent pacemakers were implanted in five (0.6%) @entity1 (one from Group 1 and four from Group 2). CONCLUSIONS: @entity713 requiring pacemaker implantation following administration of RF pulses at the CTI are rare (0.12%). The occurrence rate of @entity713 related to the procedure and requiring pacemaker implantation is, however, not negligible (0.6%) and mostly affects @entity1 with a pre-existing complete @entity714 .

title: @entity713 during radiofrequency catheter ablation of XXXX : incidence, mechanism, and clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV block', 'Atrioventricular blocks']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block', 'LBBB']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the incidence, mechanism, and clinical implications of atrioventricular (AV) block during catheter radiofrequency (RF) ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI). Although RF ablation of @entity956 is the most frequently performed ablation procedure, data on the incidence and significance of an @entity713 occurring during the procedure are scarce. METHODS AND RESULTS: Consecutive @entity1 (n=845, 73.5% male) undergoing CTI ablation (913 procedures) between 1998 and 2010 were studied. Data on the occurrence of complete @entity713 (lasting>= 3 s) during the procedure were prospectively collected. Sixteen (1.9%) @entity1 experienced @entity713 , 12 during delivery of RF pulses (Group 1) and 4 (Group 2) during manipulation of catheters in the cardiac chambers. The @entity713 was short lived (<1 min), located in the AV node, and associated with septal isthmus RF lines in 11 Group 1 @entity1 . It was long-lasting and led to pacemaker implantation in one Group 1 @entity1 . @entity713 had an infranodal location in four Group 2 @entity1 , all of whom had a pre-existing complete @entity714 ( @entity714 ). One Group 2 @entity1 had an @entity713 during his two ablation procedures. Permanent pacemakers were implanted in five (0.6%) @entity1 (one from Group 1 and four from Group 2). CONCLUSIONS: @entity713 requiring pacemaker implantation following administration of RF pulses at the CTI are rare (0.12%). The occurrence rate of @entity713 related to the procedure and requiring pacemaker implantation is, however, not negligible (0.6%) and mostly affects @entity1 with a pre-existing complete @entity714 .

title: XXXX during radiofrequency catheter ablation of @entity956 : incidence, mechanism, and clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['Atrioventricular block']


abstract: Sporulation is a developmental variation of the @entity375 life cycle whereby four spores are produced within a diploid cell, with proliferation resuming after germination. The GAS family of @entity4495 -anchored glucan-remodeling enzymes exemplifies functional interplay between paralogous genes during the @entity375 life cycle. @entity62623 and @entity72637 are expressed in vegetative cells and repressed during sporulation while @entity72638 and @entity72639 exhibit a reciprocal pattern. @entity72640 is weakly expressed in all the conditions and encodes an inactive protein. Although @entity62623 functions in cell wall formation, we show that it persists during sporulation but is relocalized from the plasma membrane to the epiplasm in a process requiring @entity21755 -mediated endocytosis and the @entity72641 protein kinase of the p21-activated kinase family. Some @entity62623 is also newly synthesized and localized to the spore membrane, but this fraction is dispensable for spore formation. By way of contrast, the @entity72638 - @entity72639 proteins, which are essential for spore wall assembly, are rapidly degraded after spore formation. On germination, @entity62623 is actively synthesized and concentrated in the growing part of the spore, which is essential for its elongation. Thus @entity62623 is the primary glucan-remodeling enzyme required in vegetative growth and during reentry into the proliferative state. The dynamic interplay among Gas proteins is crucial to couple glucan remodeling with morphogenesis in developmental transitions.

title: Expression, stability, and replacement of glucan-remodeling enzymes during developmental transitions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity40759 protein (intracellular @entity141 -dependent @entity462 protease) may play a role in @entity413 metabolism, pancreatic b cell function, and regulation of thermogenesis. Several @entity40759 polymorphic sites have been studied for their potential use as risk markers for @entity2175 ( @entity209 ). @entity1718 are key metabolic regulators that may interact with genetic factors and influence @entity413 metabolism. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine whether the genetic variability at the @entity40759 gene locus is associated with the degree of insulin resistance and plasma @entity844 concentrations in subjects with @entity209 . DESIGN: The insulin sensitivity index, @entity413 effectiveness, insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], insulin secretion (disposition index, acute insulin response, and HOMA of b cell function), plasma @entity844 composition, and 5 @entity40759 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined in a cross-sectional analysis of 452 subjects with @entity209 participating in the LIPGENE dietary intervention cohort. RESULTS: The @entity72642 SNP interacted with plasma total @entity10194 ( @entity10194 ) concentrations, which were significantly associated with insulin sensitivity (P < 0.031 for fasting insulin, P < 0.028 for HOMA-IR, and P < 0.012 for @entity413 effectiveness). The G/G genotype was associated with lower fasting insulin concentrations, lower HOMA-IR, and higher @entity413 effectiveness in subjects with low @entity10194 concentrations (below the median) than in subjects with the minor A allele (G/A and A/A). In contrast, subjects with the G/G allele with the highest @entity10194 concentrations (above the median) had higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values and lower @entity413 effectiveness than did subjects with the A allele. CONCLUSION: The @entity72642 polymorphism at the @entity40759 gene locus may influence insulin sensitivity by interacting with the plasma @entity844 composition in subjects with @entity209 . This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00429195.

title: @entity40759 interacts with plasma XXXX concentrations to influence insulin resistance in individuals with the @entity209 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid', 'SFA']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['Fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity10194 :: (CHEBI:26607,Chemical) :: ['saturated fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity40759 protein (intracellular @entity141 -dependent @entity462 protease) may play a role in @entity413 metabolism, pancreatic b cell function, and regulation of thermogenesis. Several @entity40759 polymorphic sites have been studied for their potential use as risk markers for @entity2175 ( @entity209 ). @entity1718 are key metabolic regulators that may interact with genetic factors and influence @entity413 metabolism. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine whether the genetic variability at the @entity40759 gene locus is associated with the degree of insulin resistance and plasma @entity844 concentrations in subjects with @entity209 . DESIGN: The insulin sensitivity index, @entity413 effectiveness, insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], insulin secretion (disposition index, acute insulin response, and HOMA of b cell function), plasma @entity844 composition, and 5 @entity40759 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined in a cross-sectional analysis of 452 subjects with @entity209 participating in the LIPGENE dietary intervention cohort. RESULTS: The @entity72642 SNP interacted with plasma total @entity10194 ( @entity10194 ) concentrations, which were significantly associated with insulin sensitivity (P < 0.031 for fasting insulin, P < 0.028 for HOMA-IR, and P < 0.012 for @entity413 effectiveness). The G/G genotype was associated with lower fasting insulin concentrations, lower HOMA-IR, and higher @entity413 effectiveness in subjects with low @entity10194 concentrations (below the median) than in subjects with the minor A allele (G/A and A/A). In contrast, subjects with the G/G allele with the highest @entity10194 concentrations (above the median) had higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values and lower @entity413 effectiveness than did subjects with the A allele. CONCLUSION: The @entity72642 polymorphism at the @entity40759 gene locus may influence insulin sensitivity by interacting with the plasma @entity844 composition in subjects with @entity209 . This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00429195.

title: XXXX interacts with plasma @entity10194 concentrations to influence insulin resistance in individuals with the @entity209 .

answer: @entity40759 :: (11132,Gene) :: ['Calpain-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity40759 protein (intracellular @entity141 -dependent @entity462 protease) may play a role in @entity413 metabolism, pancreatic b cell function, and regulation of thermogenesis. Several @entity40759 polymorphic sites have been studied for their potential use as risk markers for @entity2175 ( @entity209 ). @entity1718 are key metabolic regulators that may interact with genetic factors and influence @entity413 metabolism. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine whether the genetic variability at the @entity40759 gene locus is associated with the degree of insulin resistance and plasma @entity844 concentrations in subjects with @entity209 . DESIGN: The insulin sensitivity index, @entity413 effectiveness, insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], insulin secretion (disposition index, acute insulin response, and HOMA of b cell function), plasma @entity844 composition, and 5 @entity40759 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined in a cross-sectional analysis of 452 subjects with @entity209 participating in the LIPGENE dietary intervention cohort. RESULTS: The @entity72642 SNP interacted with plasma total @entity10194 ( @entity10194 ) concentrations, which were significantly associated with insulin sensitivity (P < 0.031 for fasting insulin, P < 0.028 for HOMA-IR, and P < 0.012 for @entity413 effectiveness). The G/G genotype was associated with lower fasting insulin concentrations, lower HOMA-IR, and higher @entity413 effectiveness in subjects with low @entity10194 concentrations (below the median) than in subjects with the minor A allele (G/A and A/A). In contrast, subjects with the G/G allele with the highest @entity10194 concentrations (above the median) had higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR values and lower @entity413 effectiveness than did subjects with the A allele. CONCLUSION: The @entity72642 polymorphism at the @entity40759 gene locus may influence insulin sensitivity by interacting with the plasma @entity844 composition in subjects with @entity209 . This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00429195.

title: @entity40759 interacts with plasma @entity10194 concentrations to influence insulin resistance in individuals with the XXXX .

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: Two @entity1 (a 17-year-old male and a 19-year-old female) sustained single gunshot wounds to the abdomen. Given the nature of their wounds and presumed peritoneal penetration they were taken urgently to the operating room for exploratory laparotomy. Both @entity1 sustained multiple intra-abdominal injuries including gastric and small and large bowel perforations. Given the extensive nature of these injuries both @entity1 required bowel resections. Upon further exploration they were both noted to have significant @entity548 from the bony aspect of their sacrum. A surgical hemostat (CoStasis; Cohesion Technologies, Inc., Palo Alto, CA) (4.5-9.0 cm3) was directly applied to the injured area of the sacrum in both cases after standard surgical hemostatic techniques were unsuccessful. After application no further attempts of hemostatic control by standard methods were attempted. In both cases the sacral @entity548 ceased without any further surgical intervention. Postoperatively neither @entity1 rebled from the sacral injuries. Penetrating injuries to the sacrum can be life threatening and difficult to control with standard surgical hemostatic techniques. CoStasis, a new surgical hemostat, was effective in obtaining immediate and definitive hemostatic control. Future prospective trials on the use of CoStasis in @entity130 @entity1 are warranted.

title: A novel approach to the treatment of XXXX to the sacrum.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['gunshot injuries']


abstract: @entity253 are rare with fewer than 30 cases reported in the English literature. The objective of this report is to describe an additional @entity1 found to have a @entity253 and to define the presentation, diagnosis, and management of @entity1 with this rare @entity5 . In our case the @entity1 initially presented with clinical @entity1087 and elevated transaminases. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram established a mass suspicious for @entity201 ( @entity6984 ). The @entity1 was initially managed with an endostent, which was later removed in favor of a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram tube. At the time of surgery successful removal of a firm nodular mass at the area of the ductal bifurcation was achieved and biliary continuity re-established with a Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. Pathology revealed @entity5 of the bile duct with one lymph node positive for @entity5 . The @entity1 did not receive any adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy. This case serves to highlight that extrahepatic @entity253 constitute a rare but identifiable subset of @entity1126 . Diagnostic workup should include US, CT, and cholangiography. Surgical exploration is universally indicated in physiologically fit @entity1 with operative management to include resection and re-establishment of biliary continuity. Data on adjuvant therapy remain investigational; however, available information suggests that @entity1 with @entity253 have an overall favorable prognosis after aggressive surgical management.

title: XXXX of the biliary tract: treating a rare cause of bile duct obstruction.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tumor', 'tumor', 'carcinoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct tumors']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6984 :: ('MESH:D018285', 'Disease') :: ['Klatskin tumor']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary carcinoids', 'Biliary carcinoids', 'biliary carcinoid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Carcinoid tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity295 in @entity3124 is associated with the progressive failure of multiple organs. This study aims to establish a correlation between the severity of @entity295 and exocrine @entity660 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective cohort study pancreatic exocrine function was tested by means of a secretin-cholecystokinin test in 21 critically ill, mechanically ventilated @entity1 with @entity295 according to criteria of the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference Committee (ACCP/SCCM): 11 @entity1 with @entity1457 and 10 @entity1 without @entity1457 . Data were compared with seven healthy controls. RESULTS: The volume of duodenal fluid was not statistically different in the three groups. @entity295 @entity1 without @entity1457 had significantly reduced content of amylase and chymotrypsin in duodenal juice compared with healthy controls (P < 0.01). Secretion of amylase, chymotrypsin, trypsin (P < 0.01 each) and @entity3157 in duodenal fluid (P < 0.05) was impaired in the @entity326 @entity1 when compared with the healthy controls. The content of trypsin was different between @entity295 @entity1 and @entity326 @entity1 (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis was significant between the amylase secretion and the APACHE III and SOFA scores (P < 0.01). The SOFA score was also related to secretion of trypsin (P < 0.05). In @entity1 on pressor therapy, use of @entity1063 was associated with a significant decrease in @entity3157 secretion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity295 is associated with secretory @entity660 that is worse in @entity326 than in @entity295 without @entity1457 . Impaired exocrine function was significantly correlated to the APACHE III and SOFA scores.

title: Exocrine XXXX in @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity295 in @entity3124 is associated with the progressive failure of multiple organs. This study aims to establish a correlation between the severity of @entity295 and exocrine @entity660 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective cohort study pancreatic exocrine function was tested by means of a secretin-cholecystokinin test in 21 critically ill, mechanically ventilated @entity1 with @entity295 according to criteria of the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference Committee (ACCP/SCCM): 11 @entity1 with @entity1457 and 10 @entity1 without @entity1457 . Data were compared with seven healthy controls. RESULTS: The volume of duodenal fluid was not statistically different in the three groups. @entity295 @entity1 without @entity1457 had significantly reduced content of amylase and chymotrypsin in duodenal juice compared with healthy controls (P < 0.01). Secretion of amylase, chymotrypsin, trypsin (P < 0.01 each) and @entity3157 in duodenal fluid (P < 0.05) was impaired in the @entity326 @entity1 when compared with the healthy controls. The content of trypsin was different between @entity295 @entity1 and @entity326 @entity1 (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis was significant between the amylase secretion and the APACHE III and SOFA scores (P < 0.01). The SOFA score was also related to secretion of trypsin (P < 0.05). In @entity1 on pressor therapy, use of @entity1063 was associated with a significant decrease in @entity3157 secretion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity295 is associated with secretory @entity660 that is worse in @entity326 than in @entity295 without @entity1457 . Impaired exocrine function was significantly correlated to the APACHE III and SOFA scores.

title: Exocrine @entity660 in XXXX .

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine prevalence and severity of @entity1547 ( @entity1547 ) among @entity1 in northern Philippines. Further, to describe and determine the impact of @entity1 -rearing practices and dental visits on @entity1547 status. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of 993 @entity1 aged 2-6 years. Caries was diagnosed based on WHO recommendations. Additional behavioral information was obtained from 452 @entity1 aged 3-6 years. RESULTS: Caries prevalence and mean dmft (+/-SD) by age were as follows: 2 years = 59% (4.2 +/- 5.3); 3 years = 85% (7.4 +/- 5.5); 4 years = 90% (8.8 +/- 5.6); 5 years = 94% (9.8 +/- 5.5); and 6 years = 92% (10.1 +/- 5.5). Caries rates mirrored those of developing countries with untreated lesions dominating all ages. Mixed breast and bottle feeding was the norm. Almost half were weaned at more than 2 years old. Majority had toothbrushing practices, but mostly without parental assistance. Toothbrushing was initiated at an average age of 2 years. Only a small proportion had a dental visit, mostly for emergency reasons. Among 3-4-year-old @entity1 , a significant increase in @entity1547 levels were noted for those who started brushing at a later age, had frequent snacks, and had a dental visit for emergency reasons. For @entity1 aged 5-6 years, those who went for emergency visits also had significantly more @entity1547 . Results indicated an urgent need to (i) increase awareness that @entity1547 is a public health problem in these areas, (ii) advocate use of @entity1388 as a public health measure, and (iii) increase access to preventive dental services for preschool @entity1 .

title: Early childhood XXXX in northern Philippines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['early childhood caries', 'caries', 'ECC']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['caries']


abstract: The divalent cation chelator @entity18650 ( @entity18650 ), often used to buffer physiological changes in cytosolic @entity141 , also binds @entity8862 with high affinity. In a recently published method (Lamboley et al. 2015. J. Gen. Physiol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201411250), the absorbance shift of @entity18650 at 292 nm was successfully used to determine the total @entity460 concentrations of various skeletal muscle tissues. In the present study, we show that endogenous @entity8862 in @entity35 skeletal muscle tissue can be unknowingly measured as " @entity141 ," unless appropriate measures are taken to eliminate @entity8862 interference. We analyzed two @entity35 skeletal muscle tissues, soleus and plantaris, for total @entity460 and @entity219 using either inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP- @entity15 ) or the @entity18650 method described above. ICP- @entity15 analysis showed that total @entity219 contents in soleus and plantaris were large enough to affect the determination of total @entity460 by the @entity18650 method ( @entity460 = 1.72    0.31 and 1.96    0.14, and @entity219 = 0.528    0.04 and 0.192    0.01; mean    standard error of the mean [SEM]; n = 5; mmole/kg, respectively). We next analyzed total @entity460 using @entity18650 but included the @entity8862 -specific chelator @entity38461 ( @entity38461 ) that buffers @entity8862 without affecting @entity141 / @entity18650 binding. We found that estimated concentrations of total @entity460 ([CaT]WM) in soleus and plantaris were reduced after @entity38461 addition ([CaT]WM = 3.71    0.62 and 3.57    0.64 without @entity38461 and 3.39    0.64 and 3.42    0.62 with @entity38461 ; mean    SEM; n = 3; mmole/kg, respectively). Thus, we show that a straightforward correction can be applied to the @entity18650 method to improve the accuracy of the determination of total @entity460 that should be applicable to most any tissue studied. In addition, we show that using @entity38461 in combination with the @entity18650 method allows one to make reasonable estimates of total @entity219 concentration that are in agreement with the direct determination of @entity219 concentration by ICP- @entity15 .

title: XXXX flexes its muscle: Correcting a novel analysis of @entity460 for @entity219 interference uncovers a method to measure @entity219 .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18650 :: ('MESH:C025603', 'Chemical') :: ['BAPTA', "1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid"]

entities_list: @entity38461 :: ('MESH:C044387', 'Chemical') :: ['TPEN', "N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine"]

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['Zinc']


abstract: The divalent cation chelator @entity18650 ( @entity18650 ), often used to buffer physiological changes in cytosolic @entity141 , also binds @entity8862 with high affinity. In a recently published method (Lamboley et al. 2015. J. Gen. Physiol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201411250), the absorbance shift of @entity18650 at 292 nm was successfully used to determine the total @entity460 concentrations of various skeletal muscle tissues. In the present study, we show that endogenous @entity8862 in @entity35 skeletal muscle tissue can be unknowingly measured as " @entity141 ," unless appropriate measures are taken to eliminate @entity8862 interference. We analyzed two @entity35 skeletal muscle tissues, soleus and plantaris, for total @entity460 and @entity219 using either inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP- @entity15 ) or the @entity18650 method described above. ICP- @entity15 analysis showed that total @entity219 contents in soleus and plantaris were large enough to affect the determination of total @entity460 by the @entity18650 method ( @entity460 = 1.72    0.31 and 1.96    0.14, and @entity219 = 0.528    0.04 and 0.192    0.01; mean    standard error of the mean [SEM]; n = 5; mmole/kg, respectively). We next analyzed total @entity460 using @entity18650 but included the @entity8862 -specific chelator @entity38461 ( @entity38461 ) that buffers @entity8862 without affecting @entity141 / @entity18650 binding. We found that estimated concentrations of total @entity460 ([CaT]WM) in soleus and plantaris were reduced after @entity38461 addition ([CaT]WM = 3.71    0.62 and 3.57    0.64 without @entity38461 and 3.39    0.64 and 3.42    0.62 with @entity38461 ; mean    SEM; n = 3; mmole/kg, respectively). Thus, we show that a straightforward correction can be applied to the @entity18650 method to improve the accuracy of the determination of total @entity460 that should be applicable to most any tissue studied. In addition, we show that using @entity38461 in combination with the @entity18650 method allows one to make reasonable estimates of total @entity219 concentration that are in agreement with the direct determination of @entity219 concentration by ICP- @entity15 .

title: @entity219 flexes its muscle: Correcting a novel analysis of @entity460 for XXXX interference uncovers a method to measure @entity219 .

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: The divalent cation chelator @entity18650 ( @entity18650 ), often used to buffer physiological changes in cytosolic @entity141 , also binds @entity8862 with high affinity. In a recently published method (Lamboley et al. 2015. J. Gen. Physiol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201411250), the absorbance shift of @entity18650 at 292 nm was successfully used to determine the total @entity460 concentrations of various skeletal muscle tissues. In the present study, we show that endogenous @entity8862 in @entity35 skeletal muscle tissue can be unknowingly measured as " @entity141 ," unless appropriate measures are taken to eliminate @entity8862 interference. We analyzed two @entity35 skeletal muscle tissues, soleus and plantaris, for total @entity460 and @entity219 using either inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP- @entity15 ) or the @entity18650 method described above. ICP- @entity15 analysis showed that total @entity219 contents in soleus and plantaris were large enough to affect the determination of total @entity460 by the @entity18650 method ( @entity460 = 1.72    0.31 and 1.96    0.14, and @entity219 = 0.528    0.04 and 0.192    0.01; mean    standard error of the mean [SEM]; n = 5; mmole/kg, respectively). We next analyzed total @entity460 using @entity18650 but included the @entity8862 -specific chelator @entity38461 ( @entity38461 ) that buffers @entity8862 without affecting @entity141 / @entity18650 binding. We found that estimated concentrations of total @entity460 ([CaT]WM) in soleus and plantaris were reduced after @entity38461 addition ([CaT]WM = 3.71    0.62 and 3.57    0.64 without @entity38461 and 3.39    0.64 and 3.42    0.62 with @entity38461 ; mean    SEM; n = 3; mmole/kg, respectively). Thus, we show that a straightforward correction can be applied to the @entity18650 method to improve the accuracy of the determination of total @entity460 that should be applicable to most any tissue studied. In addition, we show that using @entity38461 in combination with the @entity18650 method allows one to make reasonable estimates of total @entity219 concentration that are in agreement with the direct determination of @entity219 concentration by ICP- @entity15 .

title: @entity219 flexes its muscle: Correcting a novel analysis of @entity460 for @entity219 interference uncovers a method to measure XXXX .

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: The divalent cation chelator @entity18650 ( @entity18650 ), often used to buffer physiological changes in cytosolic @entity141 , also binds @entity8862 with high affinity. In a recently published method (Lamboley et al. 2015. J. Gen. Physiol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201411250), the absorbance shift of @entity18650 at 292 nm was successfully used to determine the total @entity460 concentrations of various skeletal muscle tissues. In the present study, we show that endogenous @entity8862 in @entity35 skeletal muscle tissue can be unknowingly measured as " @entity141 ," unless appropriate measures are taken to eliminate @entity8862 interference. We analyzed two @entity35 skeletal muscle tissues, soleus and plantaris, for total @entity460 and @entity219 using either inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP- @entity15 ) or the @entity18650 method described above. ICP- @entity15 analysis showed that total @entity219 contents in soleus and plantaris were large enough to affect the determination of total @entity460 by the @entity18650 method ( @entity460 = 1.72    0.31 and 1.96    0.14, and @entity219 = 0.528    0.04 and 0.192    0.01; mean    standard error of the mean [SEM]; n = 5; mmole/kg, respectively). We next analyzed total @entity460 using @entity18650 but included the @entity8862 -specific chelator @entity38461 ( @entity38461 ) that buffers @entity8862 without affecting @entity141 / @entity18650 binding. We found that estimated concentrations of total @entity460 ([CaT]WM) in soleus and plantaris were reduced after @entity38461 addition ([CaT]WM = 3.71    0.62 and 3.57    0.64 without @entity38461 and 3.39    0.64 and 3.42    0.62 with @entity38461 ; mean    SEM; n = 3; mmole/kg, respectively). Thus, we show that a straightforward correction can be applied to the @entity18650 method to improve the accuracy of the determination of total @entity460 that should be applicable to most any tissue studied. In addition, we show that using @entity38461 in combination with the @entity18650 method allows one to make reasonable estimates of total @entity219 concentration that are in agreement with the direct determination of @entity219 concentration by ICP- @entity15 .

title: @entity219 flexes its muscle: Correcting a novel analysis of XXXX for @entity219 interference uncovers a method to measure @entity219 .

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: CONTEXT: The airway management requires refined skills and technical help when associated with @entity3384 . Airtraq has improved our airway management skills and has been successfully used for rescue intubation in difficult pediatric airways. AIMS: This study was to evaluate the efficacy of Airtraq as the primary intubation device in @entity1 with @entity3384 . The study adheres to the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational Studies Epidemiology Statement. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 85 @entity1 posted consecutively for lip and palate repair were enrolled. @entity1 were intubated with Ring Adair Elvin (RAE) tube using size 1 and 2 of Airtraq device. The design of Airtraq has an anatomical limitation to hold RAE tubes. The preformed bend of the tube was straightened with a malleable stylet. The intubations were assessed for device manipulations and time taken for glottis visualization and intubation, airway complications such as @entity548 , @entity8822 and failed intubations. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The outcome data were reported as numbers and percentages or range with identified median value, where applicable. RESULTS: The success rate of Airtraq guided intubations was 98.21%. The cumulative insertion times and intubation times were 31.50    12.57 s and 48.04    35.73 s respectively. Airtraq manipulations were applied in 25.45% subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity3384 or palate did not hamper the insertion of Airtraq. The use of malleable stylet to facilitate the loading of the preformed tube into the guide channel is a simple and efficacious improvisation. Airtraq can be utilized as a primary intubation device in @entity1 with orofacial clefts.

title: An observational study of the feasibility of Airtraq guided intubations with Ring Adair Elvin tubes in pediatric population with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip', 'cleft lip and palate']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cleft lip and palate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to review published work for the efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with simulated ECT, ECT versus pharmacotherapy, and different forms of ECT for @entity1 with @entity308 . METHODS: We designed a systematic overview and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. We obtained data from the Cochrane Collaboration Depressive @entity148 and @entity11167 and @entity161 Group Controlled trial registers, Cochrane Controlled Trials register, Biological Abstracts, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and SIGLE, reference lists, and specialist textbooks. Our main outcome measures were depressive symptoms, measures of cognitive function, and mortality. FINDINGS: Meta-analysis of data of short-term efficacy from randomised controlled trials was possible. Real ECT was significantly more effective than simulated ECT (six trials, 256 @entity1 , standardised effect size [SES] -0.91, 95% CI -1.27 to -0.54). Treatment with ECT was significantly more effective than pharmacotherapy (18 trials, 1144 @entity1 , SES -0.80, 95% CI -1.29 to -0.29). Bilateral ECT was more effective than unipolar ECT (22 trials, 1408 @entity1 , SES -0.32, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.19). INTERPRETATION: ECT is an effective short-term treatment for @entity308 , and is probably more effective than drug therapy. Bilateral ECT is moderately more effective than unilateral ECT, and high dose ECT is more effective than low dose.

title: Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive illness', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: The specific recognition of @entity354 ( @entity354 ) with or without a @entity292 in a foetus is a diagnostic challenge for prenatal medicine. The aim of the present work is to analyse the value of the measurement of gastric size in the diagnosis of this significant @entity600 . Materials and Methods: Altogether, the examinations of 433 pregnancies between the 18.4 and 39.1 weeks of gestation were retrospectively analysed. 59 of these foetuses exhibited an @entity354 . By means of a linear regression analysis with normal foetuses, significant parameters influencing gastric size were examined. Subsequently the gastric sizes were transformed into z values and a comparison was made between @entity354 with and without fistulae with the help of t tests. Results: In the normal foetuses there was a significant association between the gastric circumference and the abdominal circumference (circumference   =   6.809   +   0.179 * abdominal circumference, r   =   0.686, p   <   0.0001). In the normal group the average was 43.0 (standard deviation [SD] 13.7) mm and those in foetuses with and without fistuale were 33.8 (SD 22.7) and 0.9 (SD 3.7) mm. In 34 (57.6%) foetuses with an @entity354 , the gastric circumference was below the 5th percentile. In detail, there were 13 (34.2%) foetuses with a @entity292 and 21 (100%) without a @entity292 . The average z values in the normal group and in the groups of @entity354 with @entity292 and without @entity292 amounted to 0.0 (SD 1.0), -1.3 (SD 2.2) and -4.5 (SD 1.0). Conclusion: Measurements of the gastric circumference below the 5th percentile should lead to further diagnostic measures, especially when associated with @entity2978 . Although @entity354 without a @entity292 is always conspicuous, only about one in three @entity29624 with @entity292 are associated with a significantly smaller stomach.

title: Measurement of Gastric Circumference in Foetuses with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'tracheal fistula']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal atresia', 'OA']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Oesophageal Atresia']


abstract: @entity521 exhibiting deletion of a segment of the long arm of chromosome 11 represents a genetic subtype of @entity5 that is distinct from those exhibiting @entity4180 amplification or 1p deletion. The 11q- genetic subtype is further characterized by gain of 17q and loss of distal 3p material. Gain of 11p material has also been reported in @entity521 with 11q loss, but at a considerably lower frequency than gain of 17q or loss of the distal 3p region. Our results, however, indicate that gain of 11p may occur more frequently in 11q- @entity521 than what was previously realized. Comparative genomic hybridization analyses of @entity521 tissue from eleven @entity1 indicated that six of 11 @entity5 (55%) with loss of 11q also possessed gain of 11p. The shortest region of 11p gain was 11p11.2-->p14. G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis performed on @entity5 cells from primary and metastatic sites from one @entity1 allowed us to infer that gain of 11p arose secondarily to the abnormality that led to the loss of 11q material. Gain of an entire chromosome 7 was detected in 17 of 43 (40%) @entity5 , whereas gain of 7q was detected in 5 of 43 (12%) @entity5 . Unlike gain of 11p, gain of an entire chromosome 7 appears to be prevalent in all @entity5 stages and is not limited to the 11q- @entity5 subtype. Gain of 7q, however, is more prevalent in higher stage @entity5 . G-band cytogenetic analysis indicated that an unbalanced t(3;7) was responsible for the gain of 7q and loss of 3p material in one case. We discuss the possibility that gain of 7/7q, and 11p material may contribute to either tumorigenesis or progression.

title: Are gains of chromosomal regions 7q and 11p important abnormalities in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based gene therapy is a promising tool for the treatment of various @entity16 , including @entity1313 . However, the tracking of in vivo stem cell migration, distribution, and survival need to be defined for their clinical application. The systemic routes of stem cell delivery must be determined because direct intracerebral injection as a cure for @entity1313 is an invasive method. In this study, we show for the first time that near-infrared (NIR) imaging can reveal the distribution and @entity5 tropism of intravenously injected MSCs in an intracranial xenograft @entity11 model. MSCs were labeled with NIR fluorescent nanoparticles, and the effects of the NIR dye on cell proliferation and migratory capacity were evaluated in vitro. We investigated the @entity5 -targeting properties and tissue distribution of labeled MSCs introduced by intravenous injection and followed by in vivo imaging analysis, histological analysis, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We observed no @entity137 or change in the overall growth rate and characteristics of labeled MSCs compared with control MSCs. NIR fluorescent imaging showed the organ distribution and targeted @entity5 tropism of systemically injected @entity1 MSCs. A significant number of MSCs accumulated specifically at the @entity5 site in the @entity19 brain. These results suggest that NIR-based cell tracking is a potentially useful imaging technique to visualize cell survival, migration, and distribution for the application of MSC-mediated therapies in the treatment of @entity11 .

title: In vivo near-infrared imaging for the tracking of systemically delivered mesenchymal stem cells: tropism for XXXX and biodistribution.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We compared our experience of minimal tissue dissection and target vessel revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with the standard procedure of total dissection of the heart and complete revascularization with CPB in @entity1 who had elective reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting (redo-CABG). METHODS: We analyzed recurrence of @entity951 and clinical outcome in 118 @entity1 who had elective redo-CABG between January 1995 and April 2002. Seventy-four @entity1 had redo-CABG with CPB, and 44 @entity1 had redo-CABG without CPB. RESULTS: Perioperative outcome was comparable with regard to morbidity and mortality rates. At follow-up, the mean Canadian Cardiovascular Society score was 1.3 +/- 0.6 in @entity1 who had redo-CABG with CPB and 1.7 +/- 0.8 in @entity1 who had redo-CABG without CPB (p = 0.02). At follow-up, @entity1 who had redo-CABG without CPB had a higher rate of recurrence of @entity951 (log rank = 0.001) and higher use of @entity3362 (p = 0.015). Target vessel revascularization was an independent predictor of recurrence of @entity951 in younger @entity1 (< 75 years; p = 0.012) but not in the elderly (> or = 75 years; p = 0.142). CONCLUSIONS: In elective redo-CABG @entity1 , minimal tissue dissection and target vessel revascularization without cardiopulmonary bypass did not add significant benefit with regard to perioperative morbidity and mortality. The unsatisfactory relief of symptoms does not seem to justify target vessel revascularization by a less invasive approach. Therefore, this technique should be offered exclusively to @entity1 at high risk with complete revascularization using CPB, such as the elderly.

title: Coronary reoperations: recurrence of XXXX and clinical outcome with and without cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: The histological and immunohistological features of @entity2946 were investigated in @entity1 participating in an ongoing cooperative study of the Societ   International d'Oncologie P  diatrique (SIOP). Of 51 @entity5 , four were the classic desmoplastic variant. In regard to the histological features used to grade @entity5 , considerable inter- and intratumoral variation was observed. The @entity5 with the most pleomorphic and coarsely structured nuclei tended to be neuroblastic, whereas the most delicate and uniform nuclei were found in the @entity5 . Twenty-one of the cases exhibited neuroblastic differentiation in the form of neuroblastic rosettes. Of these, three also contained neoplastic ganglion cells. Of the five @entity2946 that were calcified, four contained neuroblastic rosettes in accord with the tendency for @entity730 . In many of the @entity5 , islands of markedly @entity3508 ( @entity3508 )-positive cells were seen. Although the limited specificity of this marker enzyme is recognized, we believe that this focal intense staining could indicate neuronal differentiation somewhat more advanced than in small @entity3508 -positive islands of reduced cellularity, many of which were strongly positive. The nuclei in these island were usually larger and more vesicular than those in the surrounding densely cellular areas. These features and the frequent association with Homer-Wright rosettes suggest that these foci represent a form of neuronal differentiation. Astrocytic differentiation was more difficult to define and required the use of staining for @entity538 ( @entity538 ). Six @entity5 contained @entity538 -positive cells that were clearly neoplastic. Many others contained scattered reactive astrocytes and dispersed cells whose neoplastic versus reactive nature could not be defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX . A histological and immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic neoplasms', 'neuroblastic neoplasms', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification in neuroblastic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['Differentiation in the medulloblastoma']


abstract: The aim of this single centre retrospective study was to assess the outcome of @entity1 after the fixation of slipped @entity4039 (SUFE) using a single cannulated screw. Thirty-eight slips, 28 stable and 10 unstable were treated with single in-situ screw fixation. The minimum follow-up was 1 year. The overall adverse outcome in terms of @entity2530 ( @entity2530 ), chondrolysis and revision surgery for slip progression was 18%, which was considered satisfactory. Slip progression of more than 10   was higher in the unstable when compared with the stable group but not statistically significant. Two out of the nine satisfactorily fixed unstable slips required revision surgery as opposed to none in the stable group. The incidence of @entity2530 in the unstable group was 20%. There were no cases of @entity2530 in the stable group. The adverse outcome in terms of @entity2530 , chondrolysis and revision surgery for slip progression was significantly higher in the unstable group. In our study, results of single screw fixation for SUFE were found to be satisfactory as shown by earlier studies with the unstable SUFEs as expected having a poorer outcome when compared with the stable SUFEs.

title: Single screw fixation in stable and unstable slipped XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['upper femoral epiphysis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis', 'AVN']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['upper femoral epiphysis']


abstract: Variations of Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity42485 monoclonal antibody reactions in colonic @entity652 may be associated with @entity694 risk. We studied the predictive value of these markers for adverse behavior in severely @entity2513 , such as an associated @entity189 , multiplicity of @entity652 , and subsequent development of @entity652 . For this purpose we compared theclinical, gross, and histologic characteristics of highly dysplastic index @entity1127 in 42 @entity1 with Ki 67, @entity876 , and @entity42485 immunostaining and other molecular markers. @entity1127 were removed endoscopically, and severely @entity1127 were stained immunohistochemically with Ki-67, @entity42485 , and @entity876 protein by the avidin @entity1885 conjugate (ABC) technique. Quantitative DNA (QDNA) was analyzed by computer-assisted image analysis. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry showed reversal of normal distribution of nuclear staining from the normal basal position to the upper third of the colonic crypts. This abnormality of immunostaining in @entity652 was the earliest detected by the panel we used. A statistically significant correlation was seen between @entity189 in the index polyp and polyp size (P = 0.003), sessile morphology (P = 0.037), and villous or tubulovillous histology (P = 0.019). In the index @entity652 , @entity876 positivity was correlated with multiplicity at initial examination (P = 0.053), villous histology (P = 0.053), @entity189 (P < 0.003), and recurrence of @entity2513 (P = 0.025). Although @entity876 positivity and @entity2007 were correlated with @entity189 in the index polyp (P = 0.025), @entity42485 positivity was not. However, @entity42485 positivity in the index polyp was associated with multiplicity of @entity652 (P = 0.04) as well as recurrence of @entity652 (P < 0.024). In conclusion, in addition to the morphologic and histologic markers already known, Ki-67, @entity42485 antibody, and @entity876 protein may be prognostic indicators useful in follow-up of @entity1 with severely @entity2513 . @entity42485 antibody may identify a field defect in above-average-risk @entity652 -bearing @entity1 .

title: Correlation of Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity42485 immunohistochemical staining and ploidy with clinical and histopathologic features of severely XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'dysplastic polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'invasiveness of carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic adenomas', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas', 'dysplastic colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['dysplastic colorectal adenomas']


abstract: Variations of Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity42485 monoclonal antibody reactions in colonic @entity652 may be associated with @entity694 risk. We studied the predictive value of these markers for adverse behavior in severely @entity2513 , such as an associated @entity189 , multiplicity of @entity652 , and subsequent development of @entity652 . For this purpose we compared theclinical, gross, and histologic characteristics of highly dysplastic index @entity1127 in 42 @entity1 with Ki 67, @entity876 , and @entity42485 immunostaining and other molecular markers. @entity1127 were removed endoscopically, and severely @entity1127 were stained immunohistochemically with Ki-67, @entity42485 , and @entity876 protein by the avidin @entity1885 conjugate (ABC) technique. Quantitative DNA (QDNA) was analyzed by computer-assisted image analysis. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry showed reversal of normal distribution of nuclear staining from the normal basal position to the upper third of the colonic crypts. This abnormality of immunostaining in @entity652 was the earliest detected by the panel we used. A statistically significant correlation was seen between @entity189 in the index polyp and polyp size (P = 0.003), sessile morphology (P = 0.037), and villous or tubulovillous histology (P = 0.019). In the index @entity652 , @entity876 positivity was correlated with multiplicity at initial examination (P = 0.053), villous histology (P = 0.053), @entity189 (P < 0.003), and recurrence of @entity2513 (P = 0.025). Although @entity876 positivity and @entity2007 were correlated with @entity189 in the index polyp (P = 0.025), @entity42485 positivity was not. However, @entity42485 positivity in the index polyp was associated with multiplicity of @entity652 (P = 0.04) as well as recurrence of @entity652 (P < 0.024). In conclusion, in addition to the morphologic and histologic markers already known, Ki-67, @entity42485 antibody, and @entity876 protein may be prognostic indicators useful in follow-up of @entity1 with severely @entity2513 . @entity42485 antibody may identify a field defect in above-average-risk @entity652 -bearing @entity1 .

title: Correlation of Ki-67, XXXX , and @entity42485 immunohistochemical staining and ploidy with clinical and histopathologic features of severely @entity2513 .

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']