abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognostication of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) relies largely on traditional clinical factors and biomarkers such as hormone or growth factor receptors. Due to their suboptimal specificities, it is challenging to accurately identify the subset of @entity1 who are likely to undergo recurrence and there remains a major need for markers of higher utility to guide therapeutic decisions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and have shown promise as potential prognostic markers in several @entity5 types including @entity0 . RESULTS: In our study, we sequenced miRNAs from 104 @entity0 samples and 11 apparently healthy normal (reduction mammoplasty) breast tissues. We used Case-control (CC) and Case-only (CO) statistical paradigm to identify prognostic markers. Cox-proportional hazards regression model was employed and risk score analysis was performed to identify miRNA signature independent of potential confounders. Representative miRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR. Gene targets for prognostic miRNAs were identified using in silico predictions and in-house @entity0 transcriptome dataset. Gene ontology terms were identified using DAVID bioinformatics v6.7. A total of 1,423 miRNAs were captured. In the CC approach, 126 miRNAs were retained with predetermined criteria for good read counts, from which 80 miRNAs were differentially expressed. Of these, four and two miRNAs were significant for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), respectively. In the CO approach, from 147 miRNAs retained after filtering, 11 and 4 miRNAs were significant for @entity1349 and @entity1349 , respectively. In both the approaches, the risk scores were significant after adjusting for potential confounders. The miRNAs associated with @entity1349 identified in our cohort were validated using an external dataset from The @entity5 (TCGA) project. Targets for the identified miRNAs were enriched for cell proliferation, invasion and migration. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified twelve non-redundant miRNAs associated with @entity1349 and/or @entity1349 . These signatures include those that were reported by others in @entity0 or other @entity5 . Importantly we report for the first time two new candidate miRNAs ( @entity48768 and miR-660-5p) as promising prognostic markers. Independent validation of signatures (for @entity1349 ) using an external dataset from TCGA further strengthened the study findings.

title: Next generation sequencing profiling identifies @entity48768 and miR-660-5p as potential novel prognostic markers for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Genome Atlas', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'Overall Survival', 'Recurrence Free Survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognostication of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) relies largely on traditional clinical factors and biomarkers such as hormone or growth factor receptors. Due to their suboptimal specificities, it is challenging to accurately identify the subset of @entity1 who are likely to undergo recurrence and there remains a major need for markers of higher utility to guide therapeutic decisions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and have shown promise as potential prognostic markers in several @entity5 types including @entity0 . RESULTS: In our study, we sequenced miRNAs from 104 @entity0 samples and 11 apparently healthy normal (reduction mammoplasty) breast tissues. We used Case-control (CC) and Case-only (CO) statistical paradigm to identify prognostic markers. Cox-proportional hazards regression model was employed and risk score analysis was performed to identify miRNA signature independent of potential confounders. Representative miRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR. Gene targets for prognostic miRNAs were identified using in silico predictions and in-house @entity0 transcriptome dataset. Gene ontology terms were identified using DAVID bioinformatics v6.7. A total of 1,423 miRNAs were captured. In the CC approach, 126 miRNAs were retained with predetermined criteria for good read counts, from which 80 miRNAs were differentially expressed. Of these, four and two miRNAs were significant for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), respectively. In the CO approach, from 147 miRNAs retained after filtering, 11 and 4 miRNAs were significant for @entity1349 and @entity1349 , respectively. In both the approaches, the risk scores were significant after adjusting for potential confounders. The miRNAs associated with @entity1349 identified in our cohort were validated using an external dataset from The @entity5 (TCGA) project. Targets for the identified miRNAs were enriched for cell proliferation, invasion and migration. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified twelve non-redundant miRNAs associated with @entity1349 and/or @entity1349 . These signatures include those that were reported by others in @entity0 or other @entity5 . Importantly we report for the first time two new candidate miRNAs ( @entity48768 and miR-660-5p) as promising prognostic markers. Independent validation of signatures (for @entity1349 ) using an external dataset from TCGA further strengthened the study findings.

title: Next generation sequencing profiling identifies XXXX and miR-660-5p as potential novel prognostic markers for @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity48768 :: (693159,Gene) :: ['miR-574-3p']


abstract: Forty-five @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), with progressive inoperable @entity5 were treated. Twenty-three @entity1 were of "limited" stage. Six @entity1 had received previous thoracic radiotherapy. @entity1 with central nervous system (CNS) metastases, Karnofsky scores of less than 30 or more than 70, and @entity1 over 70 years of age were excluded from the study. @entity786 (2.5 g/m2) was infused intravenously over 3 hours with the same Mesna dose. At the midpoint of the infusion, 3.5 g/m2 infosfamide was delivered as a bolus. Additional Mesna was administered over the next 8 hours. A maximum of four courses were given at three weekly intervals. One-hundred-thirty-eight courses were administered and 53% of @entity1 completed all four treatments. The response rate was 38%, with three (7%) complete responses. Seven additional @entity1 (15%) with stable disease symptomatically improved by two steps or more on the Karnofsky scale at the end of treatment. Median survival for all 45 @entity1 was 7 months, range less than 1 to 25 months. Sixteen courses were complicated by Grade 3 thrombocytopaenia and/or @entity1431 (Grade 4 on six occasions, Grade 3 on seven occasions) on the blood count taken immediately before chemotherapy. Intravenous antibiotics were required on 14% of the total number of courses; and three @entity1 died of probable treatment related causes. Two episodes of severe @entity1260 @entity75 occurred but recovery was complete, and four episodes of frank @entity811 also occurred. The Karnofsky score was more than 70 in 33% of @entity1 one month after the end of chemotherapy compared with 0% before treatment. Unlike many chemotherapeutic regimens for @entity1149 , double alkylating agent treatment with @entity1260 and @entity786 improved the performance status without major @entity137 in a selected @entity1 population. The overall survival, however, remains short and further alkylating agent combinations need to be considered in the future.

title: Double alkylating agent therapy with @entity1260 and @entity786 for advanced XXXX . From the @entity5 Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Forty-five @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), with progressive inoperable @entity5 were treated. Twenty-three @entity1 were of "limited" stage. Six @entity1 had received previous thoracic radiotherapy. @entity1 with central nervous system (CNS) metastases, Karnofsky scores of less than 30 or more than 70, and @entity1 over 70 years of age were excluded from the study. @entity786 (2.5 g/m2) was infused intravenously over 3 hours with the same Mesna dose. At the midpoint of the infusion, 3.5 g/m2 infosfamide was delivered as a bolus. Additional Mesna was administered over the next 8 hours. A maximum of four courses were given at three weekly intervals. One-hundred-thirty-eight courses were administered and 53% of @entity1 completed all four treatments. The response rate was 38%, with three (7%) complete responses. Seven additional @entity1 (15%) with stable disease symptomatically improved by two steps or more on the Karnofsky scale at the end of treatment. Median survival for all 45 @entity1 was 7 months, range less than 1 to 25 months. Sixteen courses were complicated by Grade 3 thrombocytopaenia and/or @entity1431 (Grade 4 on six occasions, Grade 3 on seven occasions) on the blood count taken immediately before chemotherapy. Intravenous antibiotics were required on 14% of the total number of courses; and three @entity1 died of probable treatment related causes. Two episodes of severe @entity1260 @entity75 occurred but recovery was complete, and four episodes of frank @entity811 also occurred. The Karnofsky score was more than 70 in 33% of @entity1 one month after the end of chemotherapy compared with 0% before treatment. Unlike many chemotherapeutic regimens for @entity1149 , double alkylating agent treatment with @entity1260 and @entity786 improved the performance status without major @entity137 in a selected @entity1 population. The overall survival, however, remains short and further alkylating agent combinations need to be considered in the future.

title: Double alkylating agent therapy with XXXX and @entity786 for advanced @entity1149 . From the @entity5 Group.

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: Forty-five @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), with progressive inoperable @entity5 were treated. Twenty-three @entity1 were of "limited" stage. Six @entity1 had received previous thoracic radiotherapy. @entity1 with central nervous system (CNS) metastases, Karnofsky scores of less than 30 or more than 70, and @entity1 over 70 years of age were excluded from the study. @entity786 (2.5 g/m2) was infused intravenously over 3 hours with the same Mesna dose. At the midpoint of the infusion, 3.5 g/m2 infosfamide was delivered as a bolus. Additional Mesna was administered over the next 8 hours. A maximum of four courses were given at three weekly intervals. One-hundred-thirty-eight courses were administered and 53% of @entity1 completed all four treatments. The response rate was 38%, with three (7%) complete responses. Seven additional @entity1 (15%) with stable disease symptomatically improved by two steps or more on the Karnofsky scale at the end of treatment. Median survival for all 45 @entity1 was 7 months, range less than 1 to 25 months. Sixteen courses were complicated by Grade 3 thrombocytopaenia and/or @entity1431 (Grade 4 on six occasions, Grade 3 on seven occasions) on the blood count taken immediately before chemotherapy. Intravenous antibiotics were required on 14% of the total number of courses; and three @entity1 died of probable treatment related causes. Two episodes of severe @entity1260 @entity75 occurred but recovery was complete, and four episodes of frank @entity811 also occurred. The Karnofsky score was more than 70 in 33% of @entity1 one month after the end of chemotherapy compared with 0% before treatment. Unlike many chemotherapeutic regimens for @entity1149 , double alkylating agent treatment with @entity1260 and @entity786 improved the performance status without major @entity137 in a selected @entity1 population. The overall survival, however, remains short and further alkylating agent combinations need to be considered in the future.

title: Double alkylating agent therapy with @entity1260 and @entity786 for advanced @entity1149 . From the XXXX Group.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Manchester Lung Tumour']


abstract: Forty-five @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), with progressive inoperable @entity5 were treated. Twenty-three @entity1 were of "limited" stage. Six @entity1 had received previous thoracic radiotherapy. @entity1 with central nervous system (CNS) metastases, Karnofsky scores of less than 30 or more than 70, and @entity1 over 70 years of age were excluded from the study. @entity786 (2.5 g/m2) was infused intravenously over 3 hours with the same Mesna dose. At the midpoint of the infusion, 3.5 g/m2 infosfamide was delivered as a bolus. Additional Mesna was administered over the next 8 hours. A maximum of four courses were given at three weekly intervals. One-hundred-thirty-eight courses were administered and 53% of @entity1 completed all four treatments. The response rate was 38%, with three (7%) complete responses. Seven additional @entity1 (15%) with stable disease symptomatically improved by two steps or more on the Karnofsky scale at the end of treatment. Median survival for all 45 @entity1 was 7 months, range less than 1 to 25 months. Sixteen courses were complicated by Grade 3 thrombocytopaenia and/or @entity1431 (Grade 4 on six occasions, Grade 3 on seven occasions) on the blood count taken immediately before chemotherapy. Intravenous antibiotics were required on 14% of the total number of courses; and three @entity1 died of probable treatment related causes. Two episodes of severe @entity1260 @entity75 occurred but recovery was complete, and four episodes of frank @entity811 also occurred. The Karnofsky score was more than 70 in 33% of @entity1 one month after the end of chemotherapy compared with 0% before treatment. Unlike many chemotherapeutic regimens for @entity1149 , double alkylating agent treatment with @entity1260 and @entity786 improved the performance status without major @entity137 in a selected @entity1 population. The overall survival, however, remains short and further alkylating agent combinations need to be considered in the future.

title: Double alkylating agent therapy with @entity1260 and XXXX for advanced @entity1149 . From the @entity5 Group.

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform a modification to the standard laryngoplasty procedure in vivo that would result in @entity3947 of the cricoarytenoid (CA) joint, and determine the stability provided to the abducted arytenoid in vitro. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: @entity1641 (n=8). METHODS: @entity1641 were assigned to either control laryngoplasty (n=3) or modified laryngoplasty (5) procedure. Endoscopic upper airway evaluations were used to measure right:left quotients 1 day and 3 months postoperatively to assess maintenance of abduction. @entity1641 were euthanatized 3 months after surgery and larynges collected for measurement of translaryngeal impedance and histologic evaluation of @entity8482 . Each specimen was exposed to increasing negative pressure with the sutures intact or cut while translaryngeal impedance was recorded. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with significance set at P<.05. RESULTS: Loss of left arytenoid cartilage abduction at 3 months was greater in the control laryngoplasty group. Overall, impedance was significantly lower for the modified laryngoplasty group compared with the control laryngoplasty group and lower with the sutures intact than cut. Histologic evaluation of the joints confirmed fibrous bridging of the left CA joints of the modified laryngoplasty group. CONCLUSIONS: A modified laryngoplasty approach promotes @entity3947 joint and decreases the loss of abduction of the arytenoid.

title: A modified laryngoplasty approach promoting XXXX of the cricoarytenoid joint.

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['CA joint ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis', 'ankylosis of the CA']

answer: @entity3947 :: (MESH:D000844,Disease) :: ['ankylosis']


abstract: A new operative technique of sequential map-guided subendocardial resection (SER) was used in 45 consecutive @entity1 for the treatment of sustained @entity1165 due to @entity453 . This technique is characterized by map-guided SER or cryothermic ablation during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, followed by repeated sequences of programmed stimulation to assess adequacy of resection. The @entity1 ' mean age was 59 +/- 10 years and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 34 +/- 12%. Twenty-five (56%) @entity1 had a history of @entity583 within the previous 2 months. After ventriculotomy, 34 @entity1 (76%) had inducible monomorphic @entity1165 . These @entity1 underwent repeated sequences of @entity1165 induction and mapping during normothermic bypass followed by successive SER or cryothermic ablation until sustained monomorphic @entity1165 was no longer inducible. Twenty-seven @entity1 had a total of 60 discrete, mappable @entity591 induced and seven @entity1 had 10 discrete @entity591 that were too fast to accurately map. In the remaining 11 @entity1 , no @entity1165 was inducible after ventriculotomy and SER, which included all visually identifiable @entity2318 , was performed. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 102 +/- 27 min. Forty-one of 45 @entity1 (91%) survived to hospital discharge, and 35 of 41 @entity1 (85%) had no inducible @entity1165 at postoperative electrophysiologic evaluation performed in the absence of all antiarrhythmic drugs. The remaining six @entity1 had no inducible @entity1165 with drug therapy. All four operative nonsurvivors had refractory cardiac collapse preoperatively. Over 19 +/- 12 months of follow-up, there were four sudden @entity204 and no nonfatal recurrences of @entity1165 . There were seven additional @entity204 . Actuarial cardiac survival was 0.57, and freedom from arrhythmic events was 0.76 at 42 months. Thus, in the absence of @entity1455 , the technique of sequential map-guided SER achieves: (1) a high operative survival with acceptable perfusion times, (2) excellent long-term @entity943 control, and (3) survival comparable to that in @entity1 with similar left ventricular function and no history of @entity1165 .

title: Surgical ablation of XXXX with sequential map-guided subendocardial resection: electrophysiologic assessment and long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: B-cell fate is orchestrated by a series of well-characterized developmental regulators. Here, we found that the onset of B-cell development was accompanied by large-scale changes in DNA @entity5538 modifications associated with promoters, enhancers, and anchors. These changes were tightly linked to alterations in transcription factor occupancy and nascent RNA (eRNA) transcription. We found that the prepro-B to the pro-B-cell transition was associated with a global exchange of DNA @entity5538 modifications for polycomb-mediated repression at CpG islands. Hypomethylated regions were found exclusively in the active/permissive compartment of the nucleus and were predominantly associated with regulatory elements or anchors that orchestrate the folding patterns of the genome. We identified superanchors, characterized by clusters of hypomethylated @entity34650 ( @entity34650 )-bound elements, which were predominantly located at boundaries that define topological associated domains. A particularly prominent hypomethylated superanchor was positioned down-stream of the @entity7513 ( @entity7513 ) locus. Analysis of global @entity406 -cross-linking studies indicated that the @entity7513 locus superanchor interacts with the VH region repertoire across vast genomic distances. We propose that the @entity7513 locus superanchor sequesters the VH and DHJH regions into a spatial confined geometric environment to promote rapid first-passage times. Collectively, these studies demonstrate how, in developing B cells, DNA @entity5538 modifications associated with regulatory and architectural elements affect patterns of gene expression, folding patterns of the genome, and antigen receptor assembly.

title: New roles for DNA XXXX modification, eRNA, anchors, and superanchors in developing B cell progenitors.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity34650 :: ('10664', 'Gene') :: ['CCCTC-binding factor', 'CTCF']

answer: @entity5538 :: (MESH:D003596,Chemical) :: ['cytosine']


abstract: Bone mineral content (BMC), mineral homeostasis, and @entity6 control were evaluated in 31 Caucasian @entity2690 -dependent @entity6 @entity1 (disease duration 18.3 +/- 7.7 yr, mean +/- SD) with normal kidney function. To evaluate bone mass, we performed radiogrammetry and single- and dual-photon absorptiometry. In @entity1 , a significantly lower mean BMC was found in the distal radius, at a mixed trabecular-cortical (P less than .01) and a cortical (P less than .05) site, as well as in the lumbar spine (P less than .02). In @entity6 @entity1 , mean BMC was significantly reduced at the trabecularcortical (P less than .01) and cortical (P less than .05) sites of the radius but not in the lumbar spine. When expressed as densities (i.e., BMC/width or lumbar BMC/area), only the BMC/width at the radius cortical area was significantly reduced in @entity1 (P less than .05). The results of the radiogrammetry showed a larger endosteal diameter in the @entity6 @entity1 , resulting in a significantly lower cortical thickness (P less than .05). @entity6 @entity1 did not show abnormalities on radiogrammetry. @entity6 @entity1 had diminished serum @entity460 and @entity3151 concentrations (P less than .001), whereas serum parathyroid, @entity14951 , and concentrations of both total and free @entity3873 were normal. No correlation between parameters of @entity6 control ( @entity4051 , @entity2690 dose, and @entity1674 ) or @entity460 -regulating hormones and BMC were found. These data confirm that, despite large overlap of individual values, mean bone mass at the peripheral skeleton is significantly decreased in @entity6 @entity1 . Moreover, we report that the BMC of the lumbar spine is significantly reduced in female @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Mineral metabolism and bone mass at peripheral and axial skeleton in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D3']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity545 ( @entity545 ) are increasingly being used for treatment of postoperative esophageal leak. This complication occurs in 4-27% of @entity1 after radical gastrectomy, and has a high mortality rate up to 60%.The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of @entity545 (Polyflex  ) for treatment of post-operative esophago-jejuno @entity254 leak after radical gastrectomy for @entity356 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: During one year period @entity1 who underwent a radical gastrectomy in our hospital for @entity356 and developed a postoperative @entity834 were prospectively included in the study after signing a consent form, and treated with @entity545 placement under endoscopic and fluoroscopic control for leak occlusion. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were included (3 @entity1 /1 @entity1 ). The mean interval between operation and @entity545 placement was 16 days (range: 4-34). @entity545 deployment was easily performed in all @entity1 with complete occlusion of esophageal lumen in three @entity1 . In the fourth @entity1 we needed to deploy a second coaxial stent to achieve a complete occlusion of the @entity292 . @entity545 migration did not happen in our series. One @entity1 had already developed a @entity1764 by the time we placed the @entity545 and he died 3 days later. Extraction of the @entity545 was easily performed 4-8 weeks after deployment. CONCLUSION: We achieved a complete healing of the anastomotic @entity292 after radical gastrectomy in 3 out of 4 @entity1 , without major complications related to @entity545 . Placement of @entity545 is an appealing minimally invasive alternative to surgical repair for @entity1 with postoperative @entity834 .

title: Self-expanding plastic stents for the treatment of post-operative esophago-jejuno XXXX leak. A case series study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['Self-expandable plastic stents', 'SEPS']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: The treatment of @entity543 entails three methodologies, namely, medical management, @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ), as well as carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) and European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST) have shown that symptomatic @entity543 greater than 70% is best treated with CEA. In asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity543 greater than 60%, CEA was more beneficial than treatment with @entity117 alone according to the Asymptomatic @entity2998 (ACAS) and Asymptomatic Carotid @entity850 Trial (ACST) trials. When @entity3538 is compared with CEA, the CREST resulted in similar rates of @entity64 and @entity204 rates regardless of symptoms. However, @entity3538 not only increased adverse effects in @entity1 , it also amplified @entity64 rates and @entity204 in elderly @entity1 compared with CEA. @entity3538 can maximize its utility in treating focal restenosis after CEA and @entity1 with overwhelming cardiac risk or prior neck irradiation. When performing CEA, using a patch was equated to a more durable result than primary closure, whereas eversion technique is a new methodology deserving a spotlight. Comparing the three major treatment strategies of @entity543 has intrinsic drawbacks, as most trials are outdated and they vary in their premises, definitions, and study designs. With the newly codified best medical management including antiplatelet therapies with @entity117 and @entity1397 , @entity6817 , antihypertensive agents, strict @entity6 control, smoking cessation, and life style change, the current trials may demonstrate that asymptomatic @entity543 is best treated with best medical therapy. The ongoing trials will illuminate and reshape the treatment paradigm for symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity543 .

title: Comparative Review of the Treatment Methodologies of Carotid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['carotid angioplasty and stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['Carotid Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Stenosis']


abstract: AIMS: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) as curative treatment for node-negative @entity356 (EGC) and to consider further expansion of the curability criteria for submucosal invasive EGC. METHODS: A total of 977 EGC in 855 @entity1 treated by ESD were enrolled. They were divided into @entity5 (M); minimally @entity3 (<500  m from the muscularis mucosa) ( @entity895 ); and deeper @entity3 (>500  m from the muscularis mucosa) ( @entity3578 ). The technical feasibility of ESD for @entity895 and M were compared, and the clinical prognosis of @entity895 was evaluated. Furthermore, the volume of @entity189 invading to the submucosal layer, which we called the SM volume index, was calculated virtually to analyze its correlation with @entity7453 . RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in technical outcomes and complications between M and @entity895 . Curative resection rates were significantly better in M than in @entity895 (M, 92.6%; @entity895 , 63.8%). No local recurrences and distant @entity3 were found in 48 @entity895 @entity1 declared to have undergone curative resections. Most cases (72.0%) with successful ESD but non-curative resection exceeded 30mm in maximum size, and no local recurrences and @entity3 were found in these @entity1 . The SM volume index of these cases was comparatively small. CONCLUSION: The technical and theoretical validity of ESD for @entity895 was validated. The possibility of further expansion of the curability criteria for @entity3 was suggested by the evaluation of the SM volume index.

title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection for submucosal invasive XXXX and curability criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7453 :: ('MESH:D008207', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic-vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal invasive cancer', 'metastases', 'submucosal invasive cancers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal invasive early gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We compared the ability of very high levels of nonfasting @entity165 and @entity1674 to predict risk of @entity583 and total mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study from 1976 to 1978 until 2007. SETTING: Danish general population. @entity1 : Randomly selected population of 7581 @entity1 and 6391 @entity1 , of whom 768 and 1151 developed @entity583 and 4398 and 4416 died, respectively. Participation rate was 72%, and follow-up was 100% complete. Less than 2% of @entity1 were taking lipid-lowering therapy. RESULTS: Compared to @entity1 with @entity165 <5 mmol L(-1) , multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for @entity583 ranged from 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-1.8] for a @entity165 level of 5.0-5.99 mmol L(-1) to 2.5 (95%CI: 1.6-4.0) for @entity165 >=  9 mmol L(-1) (trend: P < 0.0001). Compared with @entity1 with nonfasting @entity1674 <1 mmol L(-1) , hazard ratios for @entity583 ranged from 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.8) for @entity1674 of 1.0-1.99 mmol L(-1) to 4.2 (95%CI: 2.5-7.2) for @entity1674 >=  5 mmol L(-1) (p<0.0001). In @entity1 , corresponding hazard ratios ranged from 1.2 (95%CI: 1.0-1.5) to 5.3 (95%CI: 3.6-8.0) for @entity165 (P < 0.0001) and from 1.3 (95%CI: 1.0-1.6) to 2.1 (95%CI: 1.5-2.8) for @entity1674 (P < 0.0001). Increasing @entity165 levels were not consistently associated with total mortality in @entity1 (trend: P = 0.39) or @entity1 (P = 0.02). By contrast, compared with @entity1 with @entity1674 <1 mmol L(-1) , multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for total mortality ranged from 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0-1.2) for @entity1674 of 1.0-1.99 mmol L(-1) to 2.0 (95%CI: 1.5-2.9) for @entity1674 >= 5 mmol L(-1) (trend: P < 0.0001); corresponding hazard ratios in @entity1 ranged from 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0-1.2) to 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.7) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Stepwise increasing levels of nonfasting @entity165 and nonfasting @entity1674 were similarly associated with stepwise increasing risk of @entity583 , with nonfasting @entity1674 being the best predictor in @entity1 and nonfasting @entity165 the best predictor in @entity1 . Even more surprisingly, only increasing levels of nonfasting @entity1674 were associated with total mortality, whereas increasing @entity165 levels were not.

title: Nonfasting @entity165 and XXXX and association with risk of @entity583 and total mortality: the Copenhagen City Heart Study with 31 years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We compared the ability of very high levels of nonfasting @entity165 and @entity1674 to predict risk of @entity583 and total mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study from 1976 to 1978 until 2007. SETTING: Danish general population. @entity1 : Randomly selected population of 7581 @entity1 and 6391 @entity1 , of whom 768 and 1151 developed @entity583 and 4398 and 4416 died, respectively. Participation rate was 72%, and follow-up was 100% complete. Less than 2% of @entity1 were taking lipid-lowering therapy. RESULTS: Compared to @entity1 with @entity165 <5 mmol L(-1) , multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for @entity583 ranged from 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-1.8] for a @entity165 level of 5.0-5.99 mmol L(-1) to 2.5 (95%CI: 1.6-4.0) for @entity165 >=  9 mmol L(-1) (trend: P < 0.0001). Compared with @entity1 with nonfasting @entity1674 <1 mmol L(-1) , hazard ratios for @entity583 ranged from 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.8) for @entity1674 of 1.0-1.99 mmol L(-1) to 4.2 (95%CI: 2.5-7.2) for @entity1674 >=  5 mmol L(-1) (p<0.0001). In @entity1 , corresponding hazard ratios ranged from 1.2 (95%CI: 1.0-1.5) to 5.3 (95%CI: 3.6-8.0) for @entity165 (P < 0.0001) and from 1.3 (95%CI: 1.0-1.6) to 2.1 (95%CI: 1.5-2.8) for @entity1674 (P < 0.0001). Increasing @entity165 levels were not consistently associated with total mortality in @entity1 (trend: P = 0.39) or @entity1 (P = 0.02). By contrast, compared with @entity1 with @entity1674 <1 mmol L(-1) , multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for total mortality ranged from 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0-1.2) for @entity1674 of 1.0-1.99 mmol L(-1) to 2.0 (95%CI: 1.5-2.9) for @entity1674 >= 5 mmol L(-1) (trend: P < 0.0001); corresponding hazard ratios in @entity1 ranged from 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0-1.2) to 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.7) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Stepwise increasing levels of nonfasting @entity165 and nonfasting @entity1674 were similarly associated with stepwise increasing risk of @entity583 , with nonfasting @entity1674 being the best predictor in @entity1 and nonfasting @entity165 the best predictor in @entity1 . Even more surprisingly, only increasing levels of nonfasting @entity1674 were associated with total mortality, whereas increasing @entity165 levels were not.

title: Nonfasting XXXX and @entity1674 and association with risk of @entity583 and total mortality: the Copenhagen City Heart Study with 31 years of follow-up.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We compared the ability of very high levels of nonfasting @entity165 and @entity1674 to predict risk of @entity583 and total mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study from 1976 to 1978 until 2007. SETTING: Danish general population. @entity1 : Randomly selected population of 7581 @entity1 and 6391 @entity1 , of whom 768 and 1151 developed @entity583 and 4398 and 4416 died, respectively. Participation rate was 72%, and follow-up was 100% complete. Less than 2% of @entity1 were taking lipid-lowering therapy. RESULTS: Compared to @entity1 with @entity165 <5 mmol L(-1) , multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for @entity583 ranged from 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-1.8] for a @entity165 level of 5.0-5.99 mmol L(-1) to 2.5 (95%CI: 1.6-4.0) for @entity165 >=  9 mmol L(-1) (trend: P < 0.0001). Compared with @entity1 with nonfasting @entity1674 <1 mmol L(-1) , hazard ratios for @entity583 ranged from 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.8) for @entity1674 of 1.0-1.99 mmol L(-1) to 4.2 (95%CI: 2.5-7.2) for @entity1674 >=  5 mmol L(-1) (p<0.0001). In @entity1 , corresponding hazard ratios ranged from 1.2 (95%CI: 1.0-1.5) to 5.3 (95%CI: 3.6-8.0) for @entity165 (P < 0.0001) and from 1.3 (95%CI: 1.0-1.6) to 2.1 (95%CI: 1.5-2.8) for @entity1674 (P < 0.0001). Increasing @entity165 levels were not consistently associated with total mortality in @entity1 (trend: P = 0.39) or @entity1 (P = 0.02). By contrast, compared with @entity1 with @entity1674 <1 mmol L(-1) , multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for total mortality ranged from 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0-1.2) for @entity1674 of 1.0-1.99 mmol L(-1) to 2.0 (95%CI: 1.5-2.9) for @entity1674 >= 5 mmol L(-1) (trend: P < 0.0001); corresponding hazard ratios in @entity1 ranged from 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0-1.2) to 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.7) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Stepwise increasing levels of nonfasting @entity165 and nonfasting @entity1674 were similarly associated with stepwise increasing risk of @entity583 , with nonfasting @entity1674 being the best predictor in @entity1 and nonfasting @entity165 the best predictor in @entity1 . Even more surprisingly, only increasing levels of nonfasting @entity1674 were associated with total mortality, whereas increasing @entity165 levels were not.

title: Nonfasting @entity165 and @entity1674 and association with risk of XXXX and total mortality: the Copenhagen City Heart Study with 31 years of follow-up.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: We analyzed @entity1 who died on chronic dialysis because they stopped the treatment, although there was no technical dialysis complication or new medical complication. These @entity1 preferred @entity204 to the stress of dialysis. This occurred in 26/1766 (1.5%) @entity1 , and was responsible for 26/704 (4%) of all @entity204 . We compared these 26 @entity1 to 40 competent @entity1 who discontinued treatment when a medical complication arose. The @entity1 were similar in most respects (age, sex, diagnosis, duration of dialysis, living situation, and type of dialysis) and had the same number of medical complications when starting dialysis. However, the @entity1 who stopped dialysis were more often on home dialysis, 8/24 vs. 3/40 of the other @entity1 (p less than 0.05). Overall, stopping was three times more common in home than in center @entity1 (3.0% vs. 1.1%) (p less than 0.02). Relatives responding to a written interview felt that nurses and social workers but not physicians had been helpful in the difficult time surrounding the @entity1 's decision and @entity204 . This study indicates that particularly home dialysis @entity1 are at a high risk of discontinuing dialysis because of the stress of the dialysis procedure. A realistic introduction to and realization of their dialysis problems, better training and better psychological support, particularly from physicians, are necessary to eradicate this avoidable cause of @entity204 in chronic dialysis @entity1 .

title: XXXX . Withdrawal from chronic dialysis without medical reason.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['Choosing death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity250 ( @entity250 ) have been considered reservoirs and vectors of @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) in the community. This study estimated the prevalence of @entity2953 / @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV) among @entity250 of various migration and residential status in Hong Kong and identified possible risk factors. METHODS: An outreach "Well- @entity1 " clinic was set up at Ziteng, a non-governmental organization working with @entity250 . Details of their lifestyle and health risk behavior were gathered before screening tests were performed, and the data were analyzed according to their place of origin. RESULTS: A total of 503 @entity250 were screened for @entity2953 / @entity645 between 2005 and 2007. Syphilis, @entity2954 , @entity1047 , and @entity645 accounted for 1.8, 1.8, 4.6, and 0.2%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, having >=  2 sexual partners (odds ratio [OR] 8.33, 95%CI: 2.17-33.46), residence status (OR 0.38, 95%CI: 0.17-0.89), and daily frequency of douching (OR 3.02, 95%CI: 1.23-7.35) were identified as significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important insights on the screening and associated risk factors of @entity2953 among @entity250 working in Hong Kong. The contextual factors identified reflect the social and geographical context in which these @entity1 are operating and how they protect their health using their own means. These findings encourage policymakers and health professionals to redirect their focus and resources to a more holistic approach to sexual health when planning and implementing effective @entity2953 / @entity645 prevention programs.

title: XXXX among female sex workers in Hong Kong: the role of migration status.

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STI', 'sexually transmitted infections']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['Female sex workers', 'FSW']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['Sexually transmitted infections']


abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) @entity706 was identified in 96 @entity1 treated for @entity1893 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1975 and 1981. During the same period, 68 other @entity1 with @entity1893 but no @entity6220 received prophylactic CNS chemotherapy. In the 156 total @entity1 , the @entity706 were diffuse in 96 percent, and 67 percent were stage IV at diagnosis. CNS involvement was present at initial diagnosis in 27 percent, at relapse in 26 percent, and during the course of progressive @entity262 in 47 percent. CNS involvement was asymptomatic in 10 percent. Cytologic study of the cerebrospinal fluid was the most sensitive and specific laboratory test, but often (22 percent) more than one lumbar puncture was required to identify malignant cells. @entity149 was treated in 85 @entity1 , 46 by intracerebroventricular cannulae; 81 percent improved. Although median survival after the diagnosis of @entity6220 was four months, there were seven long-term disease-free survivors and the @entity6220 contributed to death in only 14 percent. In 52 percent of treated @entity1 , there was no @entity149 at autopsy. CNS prophylaxis was with @entity1499 or @entity2592 , usually by lumbar puncture; an intraventricular cannula was used in seven @entity1 . Although this group of high-risk @entity1 with @entity1893 had a high systemic response rate and the median projected survival was greater than five years, @entity149 developed in eight @entity1 (12 percent). In five, @entity149 occurred as an apparently isolated relapse site. The role of CNS chemoprophylaxis in high-risk @entity1 with @entity1893 is still uncertain.

title: XXXX from @entity1893 : treatment and prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['Central nervous system metastases']


abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) @entity706 was identified in 96 @entity1 treated for @entity1893 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1975 and 1981. During the same period, 68 other @entity1 with @entity1893 but no @entity6220 received prophylactic CNS chemotherapy. In the 156 total @entity1 , the @entity706 were diffuse in 96 percent, and 67 percent were stage IV at diagnosis. CNS involvement was present at initial diagnosis in 27 percent, at relapse in 26 percent, and during the course of progressive @entity262 in 47 percent. CNS involvement was asymptomatic in 10 percent. Cytologic study of the cerebrospinal fluid was the most sensitive and specific laboratory test, but often (22 percent) more than one lumbar puncture was required to identify malignant cells. @entity149 was treated in 85 @entity1 , 46 by intracerebroventricular cannulae; 81 percent improved. Although median survival after the diagnosis of @entity6220 was four months, there were seven long-term disease-free survivors and the @entity6220 contributed to death in only 14 percent. In 52 percent of treated @entity1 , there was no @entity149 at autopsy. CNS prophylaxis was with @entity1499 or @entity2592 , usually by lumbar puncture; an intraventricular cannula was used in seven @entity1 . Although this group of high-risk @entity1 with @entity1893 had a high systemic response rate and the median projected survival was greater than five years, @entity149 developed in eight @entity1 (12 percent). In five, @entity149 occurred as an apparently isolated relapse site. The role of CNS chemoprophylaxis in high-risk @entity1 with @entity1893 is still uncertain.

title: @entity149 from XXXX : treatment and prophylaxis.

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: A 4-year-old, neutered female Cocker Spaniel was presented to the veterinary clinic for protrusion of the left third eyelid. When the third eyelids from both eyes were everted, lobulated masses were present on the bulbar surface. The left third eyelid had a larger protrusion. There was no apparent associated ocular or systemic involvement. The @entity5 of left third eyelid was removed and referred for histological examination. Histologically, there were proliferations of lymphoid follicles surrounded by lymphoid cells forming a marginal zone. Those lymphoid cells occasionally infiltrated into conjunctival epithelium. A few apoptotic bodies with karyopyknotic and karyorrhexic nuclei were observed in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles. Mitotic figures were rare. On immunohistochemistry, @entity5 cells expressed @entity19139 but not CD3. A diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone @entity1892 ( @entity1074 ) of the third eyelid was established based on the histological and immunophenotypical features. At the 1-year follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence of the mass at the area of excision of the left third eyelid and the remaining @entity5 of the right third eyelid was still a similar size. The @entity235 still showed no significant findings, except those of the @entity5 , and no evidence of systemic involvement. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of @entity1074 of the third eyelid in a @entity235 .

title: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the third eyelid conjunctiva in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'MALT']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Cases of severe pregnancy-induced @entity101 or @entity3036 were studied in forty-five @entity1 by catheterization of the right side of the heart to define the presenting hemodynamic profile associated with this disorder. These @entity1 could not be easily categorized into one specific hemodynamic pattern. Most @entity1 had high-normal to elevated systemic vascular resistance indices (mean 2726 +/- 120 dynes.sec.cm-5.m2). The mean cardiac index was 4.14 +/- 0.13 L.min-1.m2. The severity of @entity101 was largely attributable to a disproportionate rise in the systolic component (mean 193 +/- 3 mm Hg) compared with diastolic blood pressure (mean 110 +/- 3 mm Hg). @entity1 with @entity3036 had significantly lower arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance indices when compared with those of the rest of the study group. Analysis of Starling curves indicated that all @entity1 had normal or @entity1002 . A modest correlation was observed between central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = 0.59). This disparity most likely results from the maintenance of normal to high cardiac output in the presence of an increased left ventricular afterload. The majority of @entity1 with severe pregnancy-induced @entity101 do have normal to high cardiac indices and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures accompanied by normal or @entity1002 . This is true despite the presence of severe @entity101 .

title: Hemodynamic profile of severe pregnancy-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdynamic left ventricular function']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The effect of the @entity460 channel blocker @entity1855 (5 microM) or @entity3988 (5 microM) on force production and resting membrane potential (Em) was studied in the hamster diaphragm muscle. The @entity460 channel blockers decreased force at high frequencies of stimulation and decreased Em by 3 +/- 1 mV. The interaction of @entity2544 and the @entity460 channel blockers was also studied. When given simultaneously, the @entity460 channel blockers prevented the increase in force at high frequencies with @entity2544 at 1 mM and at all frequencies with @entity2544 at 0.55 mM. There was no change in Em when @entity2544 and @entity460 channel blockers were given together. Similar results were obtained by removing external @entity460 . The decrease in force produced by @entity1855 was not reversed by subsequent addition of @entity2544 . @entity2544 did reverse the decrease in force produced by @entity3988 . @entity1855 reversed the increase in force at high frequencies produced by @entity2544 . @entity3988 reversed the force increase at low frequencies as well. These studies suggest that extracellular @entity460 is important in skeletal muscle contractility especially at high frequencies. Extracellular @entity460 is also important for the potentiation of force and the hyperpolarization of the Em produced by @entity2544 . The mechanism by which extracellular @entity460 contributes to these actions of @entity2544 is not known.

title: Interaction of XXXX , @entity1855 , and @entity3988 on hamster diaphragm muscle force in vitro.

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem', 'Diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline', 'Theophylline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2544 :: (MESH:D013806,Chemical) :: ['theophylline']


abstract: The effect of the @entity460 channel blocker @entity1855 (5 microM) or @entity3988 (5 microM) on force production and resting membrane potential (Em) was studied in the hamster diaphragm muscle. The @entity460 channel blockers decreased force at high frequencies of stimulation and decreased Em by 3 +/- 1 mV. The interaction of @entity2544 and the @entity460 channel blockers was also studied. When given simultaneously, the @entity460 channel blockers prevented the increase in force at high frequencies with @entity2544 at 1 mM and at all frequencies with @entity2544 at 0.55 mM. There was no change in Em when @entity2544 and @entity460 channel blockers were given together. Similar results were obtained by removing external @entity460 . The decrease in force produced by @entity1855 was not reversed by subsequent addition of @entity2544 . @entity2544 did reverse the decrease in force produced by @entity3988 . @entity1855 reversed the increase in force at high frequencies produced by @entity2544 . @entity3988 reversed the force increase at low frequencies as well. These studies suggest that extracellular @entity460 is important in skeletal muscle contractility especially at high frequencies. Extracellular @entity460 is also important for the potentiation of force and the hyperpolarization of the Em produced by @entity2544 . The mechanism by which extracellular @entity460 contributes to these actions of @entity2544 is not known.

title: Interaction of @entity2544 , XXXX , and @entity3988 on hamster diaphragm muscle force in vitro.

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: The effect of the @entity460 channel blocker @entity1855 (5 microM) or @entity3988 (5 microM) on force production and resting membrane potential (Em) was studied in the hamster diaphragm muscle. The @entity460 channel blockers decreased force at high frequencies of stimulation and decreased Em by 3 +/- 1 mV. The interaction of @entity2544 and the @entity460 channel blockers was also studied. When given simultaneously, the @entity460 channel blockers prevented the increase in force at high frequencies with @entity2544 at 1 mM and at all frequencies with @entity2544 at 0.55 mM. There was no change in Em when @entity2544 and @entity460 channel blockers were given together. Similar results were obtained by removing external @entity460 . The decrease in force produced by @entity1855 was not reversed by subsequent addition of @entity2544 . @entity2544 did reverse the decrease in force produced by @entity3988 . @entity1855 reversed the increase in force at high frequencies produced by @entity2544 . @entity3988 reversed the force increase at low frequencies as well. These studies suggest that extracellular @entity460 is important in skeletal muscle contractility especially at high frequencies. Extracellular @entity460 is also important for the potentiation of force and the hyperpolarization of the Em produced by @entity2544 . The mechanism by which extracellular @entity460 contributes to these actions of @entity2544 is not known.

title: Interaction of @entity2544 , @entity1855 , and XXXX on hamster diaphragm muscle force in vitro.

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that @entity26 -derived free radicals are responsible for a major portion of @entity63 -reperfusion injury in the stomach. The @entity26 radicals are produced during reperfusion when @entity26 delivery to the tissue increases. In the present study we investigate the effect on @entity3137 of regulating the rate of reintroduction of @entity26 to the stomach after @entity63 . Local @entity63 was achieved by reducing celiac artery pressure to 30 mm Hg for 1 h. @entity63 was assessed by measuring the loss of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells across the gastric mucosa. Mucosal @entity190 was negligible before and during the @entity63 period but increased to 0.178 ml.min.-1.100 g-1 during reperfusion. When blood flow to the stomach was gradually returned to normal after @entity63 by increasing celiac artery pressure by 10 mmHg every 10 min, the mucosal @entity190 was reduced to 0.013 ml.min.-1.100 g-1. If the stomach was vascularly perfused with low @entity4095 (34 mmHg) blood for 1 h after @entity63 before being returned to normal arterial perfusion, the mucosal @entity190 was also reduced to 0.063 ml.min.-1.100 g-1. When the stomach was made hypoxemic for 1 h rather than ischemic by perfusing the vasculature with low @entity4095 (29 mmHg) blood then reperfused with normoxic blood, there was @entity548 (0.014 ml.min.-1.100 g-1). The data indicate that gastric @entity548 after @entity63 is reduced if the tissue is returned slowly to a normal @entity4095 . These findings support the concept that reperfusion injury is due largely to the production of @entity26 radicals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gradual reintroduction of XXXX reduces reperfusion injury in cat stomach.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal bleeding', 'very little mucosal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ischemia', 'ischemia', 'Ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical picture of @entity2403 in a large cohort of @entity1 (6500) in Iran, over a period of 35 years, and compare them with other large series from around the world. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2403 from all over Iran were seen in the Behcet's Disease Research Unit by a multidisciplinary team (rheumatologists, dermatologists, and ophthalmologists). Diagnosis was based on 'expert opinion'. Data were collected on a standardized data sheet (105 items), and stored in an electronic database. Data were updated at each follow-up. RESULTS: Male to female ratio was 1.22 :    .00. The mean age at onset was 26 years    11.3. The frequency of symptoms were: oral aphthosis 97.3%, genital aphthosis 64.6%, skin manifestations 64.9% ( @entity8528 54.5%, @entity5406 22.5%, other lesions 7%), pathergy phenomenon 52.5%, ophthalmologic manifes-tations 56.8% (anterior @entity1596 41.2%, posterior @entity1596 44.9%, @entity4816 32.1%), joint manifestations 37.4% ( @entity4841 17.2%, monoarticular @entity625 7.6%, @entity4932 16.8%, @entity1691 2%), neurological manifestations 3.8% (central manifestations 3.5%, @entity4216 multiplex 0.3%), gastrointestinal manifestations 7.4%, vascular involvement 8.3% ( @entity3527 5.7%, superficial @entity3527 2.2%, large vein @entity715 1.1%, arterial @entity715 0.154%, @entity439 0.5%), @entity3892 4.7%, cardiac involvement 0.6%, and @entity358 .9%. Sedimentation rate was normal in 46.5% of @entity1 . Abnormal urine sediment was detected in 12.2%. HLA-B5 was present in 53.3% and HLA-B51 in 47.9% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity2403 is mainly seen in young @entity1 . The most frequent symptoms are mucocutaneous, ocular and joint manifestations. Comparison with large series did not show major differences.

title: XXXX in Iran: analysis of 6500 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity8528 :: ('MESH:C563016', 'Disease') :: ['pseudofolliculitis']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['epididymitis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['oligoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement 0']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuritis']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ["Behcet's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity2403 :: (MESH:D001528,Disease) :: ['Behcet's disease']


abstract: Compared to in vivo development, in vitro culture of @entity1 embryos results in @entity851 . To study the potential of reversibility of @entity851 we investigated ultrastructurally day 3 @entity95 embryos after 1 day in vitro, and cultured embryos that were transferred after culture into recipient @entity95 for 1 day. Morphology was compared with ultrastructure of noncultured controls. The noncultured embryos were compacted morulae; the characteristic ultrastructure is described in detail. After 1 day in culture, morulae had developed into early blastocysts. However, unlike the results in vivo, expansion of the blastocysts did not occur and some of the cultured embryos developed trophoblast herniations. In all cultured embryos morphological signs of @entity528 were seen with swollen mitochondria, with a dense, granular appearance of the cytoplasm, and with an increase in number of lysosomes. Transfer of cultured blastocysts into uteri of day 3 pseudopregnant recipients resulted in ultrastructurally intact and expanded blastocysts. Transfer into uteri of day 4 pseudopregnant recipients and into uteri of nonpregnant recipients, however, did not yield reversibility of the unphysiological features suffered during the previous time in culture. Although blastocysts were well expanded, distinct signs of @entity130 were present, proceeding from loss of complete blastomeres to structural changes such as large lamellar structures, dilation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, and clumping of mitochondria. We conclude that @entity851 during in vitro culture is accompanied by distinct morphological changes. As soon as 24 hr after transfer, these changes can be reversed. This compensation, however, is achieved only if embryos are transferred into recipients that are adapted to the embryo's developmental stage, which is not identical to the embryo's chronological age. Our findings demonstrate that the period of 24 hr of in vitro development matches only a few hours of in vivo development.

title: Development of preimplantation XXXX embryos after in-vitro culture and embryo transfer: an electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental retardation', 'growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the blastomeres']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity6 was observed in 29 of 448 @entity1 with thalassaemia major attending seven Italian centres. Twelve @entity1 , at onset of clinical @entity6 , presented with an asymptomatic @entity10200 , 13 with @entity1270 , and four with @entity1270 . All were diagnosed after 1979, at a mean age of 17 years. Mean age at diagnosis of @entity6 was lower in @entity1 born in the last two decades. In these @entity1 transfusions were started at a younger age and pre-transfusion haemoglobin concentration, serum ferritin concentration, incidence of @entity409 , and the presence of a family history of @entity6 were higher than in @entity1 born previously. Although 27 (93%) cases had @entity68 chelating treatment the mean serum ferritin concentration was 5600 micrograms/l; 25 (92%) of these @entity1 had signs of @entity409 . The determination of C peptide in 10 @entity1 showed a wide variation in pancreatic beta cell function, and insulin requirements ranged between 0.15 and 1.72 U/kg body weight. Metabolic control was generally poor. The onset of @entity6 was followed in most @entity1 by the appearance of other @entity299 , or both. Fourteen @entity1 died within three years of presenting with overt @entity6 . Haemosiderosis, @entity409 , and genetic factors seemed to be crucial in @entity6 development. Thalassaemic @entity1 developing clinical @entity6 are at high risk for other complications and should be strictly monitored, especially for @entity1374 .

title: Insulin dependent XXXX in thalassaemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver infections', 'liver disease', 'liver impairment']

entities_list: @entity10200 :: ('MESH:D006029', 'Disease') :: ['glycosuria']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketosis', 'ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine or cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid impairment']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Anaerobes can obtain the entire cell's ATP by glycolysis and remove resulting reducing power by fermentation. There is a delicate balance in redox status to obtain a maximal growth of these cells, and the conditions to change redox fluxes can induce kinds of changes in metabolism. The fundamental knowledge on sensing redox status and coupling redox signals with fermentation pathways is essential for the metabolic engineering to control redox fluxes at the molecular level. A redox sensing protein (RSP) was isolated by DNA affinity chromatography, and corresponding gene was mined from genomic sequences of Thermoanaerobacter spp. The RSP shares up to 41% identity with the regulatory proteins which sense @entity2125 and control the expression of @entity2125 dehydrogenase in aerobic microorganisms. The operator sites for RSP were located in all the operons for @entity1068 fermentation rather than in that of @entity2125 dehydrogenase. The typical operator was identified as a palindromic sequence, -ATTGTTANNNNNNTAACAAT-. @entity2125 caused a transition of RSP from an a-helix rich to b-sheet rich conformation. In an in vitro transcription system of T. ethanolicus, RSP repressed the transcription of an @entity167 dehydrogenase, whereas the repression was reversed by adding @entity2125 . Base substitutes in the repeats of the palindrome reduced the affinity between RSP and the operator, and thus delicate regulation could be achieved. This study reveals for the first time a repressor/operator system that couples a redox signal with a fermentation pathway, and the results presented here provide valuable insights for the design of metabolic engineering.

title: The mechanism for regulating XXXX fermentation by redox levels in Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The robotic surgical system is reported to overcome some technical difficulties in traditional laparoscopic hysterectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and surgical outcomes of a robotic surgery program for @entity1204 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1204 with the intention to receive treatment using robot-assisted laparoscopic staging surgery were recruited in a university hospital from July 2007 to August 2008. All of these surgeries were performed with the da Vinci system. RESULTS: Six @entity1 (mean age, 47.5   1.4 years; mean body mass index, 26.2   3.5 kg/m(2)) were enrolled and completed robot-assisted laparoscopic staging surgery. The robot docking time was 45.0   13.6 minutes and the robot-assisted operation time was 200.3   30.0 minutes. The mean estimated @entity190 was 180.0   147.6 mL. The mean number of lymph nodes retrieved was 23.2   7.4. No laparoconversion and no intraoperative or @entity260 occurred. All @entity1 were alive and free of disease up to the date of this report, at a median follow-up of 6.5 months (range, 5-17 months). CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted laparoscopic staging surgery is a feasible treatment and helps overcome the technical limitations in conventional laparoscopy for @entity1204 .

title: Robot-assisted laparoscopic staging surgery for XXXX --a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of @entity1082 ) on the sexual lives of @entity1 and their partners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty oncogenic or high-risk HPV infected cases were collected via purposive sampling. At a tertiary medical center in Taipei, 20 @entity1 underwent a 2-hour in-depth interview. The content of each interview was analyzed qualitatively regarding (1) effect of @entity1083 on a couple's relationship; (2) effect of @entity1083 on sexual life; (3) partner support and social support; (4) myths about love and marriage; and (5) sexual myths. RESULTS: The better a couple's relationship, the less these @entity1 struggled to confront the issue ( @entity1083 ). Most @entity1 urged partners to have check-ups and advised friends about Pap smear tests. Couple relationships were generally not affected by @entity1083 , unlike their sexual lifestyles. Most @entity1 fulfilled the traditional Chinese female role of maintaining the relationship. However, due to the physical and psychosocial discomfort of treatment and fear of @entity281 , some had no desire for sex, while others lessened their sex frequency. Most @entity1 received very little support from their partner, family, and friends. The relationship quality was affected by marital and sexual myths held by @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Cervical @entity1083 has a negative effect on @entity1 's sexual relationships. Thus, more attention from health care providers is required.

title: The effect of XXXX on a couple's relationship: a qualitative study in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

answer: @entity1083 :: (MESH:D030361,Disease) :: ['HPV infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pregnancies with extremely preterm @entity397 of membranes (EPPROM), especially before 20 weeks of gestation, are usually considered to be a termination of pregnancy. By improvement of obstetric and neonatal care, we can prolong the pregnancy across the threshold of survival by aggressive tocolysis. CASE REPORT: Using intrauterine insemination, a 32-year-old @entity1 became pregnant with twins (first pregnancy). @entity9803 occured since 9 weeks of gestation and EPPROM of the upper twin was noted at 18 weeks. Massive @entity3556 and vigorous uterine contractions occurred at 22 weeks. Poor control of @entity3152 occurred using @entity9994 and @entity2400 . Atosiban was applied to calm uterine activities. After discontinuation of atosiban at 30 weeks, the uterine contractions became severe again and an emergency cesarean section was performed to deliver two live, premature babies weighing 1,518 g and 830 g, respectively. Twin A was healthy, weighing 2,030 g at 35 days after birth and subsequently discharged. The smaller twin B was dependent on continuous positive airway pressure and died of @entity358 120 days after birth. CONCLUSION: Comparing to other tocolytic agents, Atosiban has few side effects and assisted in prolonging a pregnancy involving twins that experienced EPPROM.

title: Use of atosiban in a twin pregnancy with extremely preterm XXXX in the membrane of one twin: a case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity9803 :: ('MESH:D000033', 'Disease') :: ['Threatened abortion']

entities_list: @entity9994 :: ('MESH:D012312', 'Chemical') :: ['ritodrine']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['premature rupture']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['premature rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits and burdens of @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) and @entity16406 ( @entity16406 ) in end-of-life care are unclear. We carried out a literature review on the use of @entity3147 and @entity16406 in the last days of life of @entity5 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched for papers in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo and EMBASE. All English papers published between January 1998 and July 2009 that contained data on frequencies or effects of @entity3147 or @entity16406 in @entity5 @entity1 in the last days of life were included. RESULTS: Reported percentages of @entity1 receiving @entity3147 or @entity16406 in the last week of life varied from 3% to 53% and from 12% to 88%, respectively. Five studies reported on the effects of @entity16406 : two found positive effects (less chronic @entity390 , less physical dehydration signs), two found negative effects (more @entity843 , more intestinal drainage) and four found also no effects on terminal @entity933 , thirst, chronic @entity390 and fluid overload. No study reported on the sole effect of @entity3147 . CONCLUSIONS: Providing @entity3147 or @entity16406 to @entity5 @entity1 who are in the last week of life is a frequent practice. The effects on comfort, symptoms and length of survival seem limited. Further research will contribute to better understanding of this important topic in end-of-life care.

title: Artificial nutrition and hydration in the last week of life in XXXX @entity1 . A systematic literature review of practices and effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['artificial nutrition', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity16406 :: ('MESH:D060437', 'Disease') :: ['artificial hydration', 'AH']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits and burdens of @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) and @entity16406 ( @entity16406 ) in end-of-life care are unclear. We carried out a literature review on the use of @entity3147 and @entity16406 in the last days of life of @entity5 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched for papers in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo and EMBASE. All English papers published between January 1998 and July 2009 that contained data on frequencies or effects of @entity3147 or @entity16406 in @entity5 @entity1 in the last days of life were included. RESULTS: Reported percentages of @entity1 receiving @entity3147 or @entity16406 in the last week of life varied from 3% to 53% and from 12% to 88%, respectively. Five studies reported on the effects of @entity16406 : two found positive effects (less chronic @entity390 , less physical dehydration signs), two found negative effects (more @entity843 , more intestinal drainage) and four found also no effects on terminal @entity933 , thirst, chronic @entity390 and fluid overload. No study reported on the sole effect of @entity3147 . CONCLUSIONS: Providing @entity3147 or @entity16406 to @entity5 @entity1 who are in the last week of life is a frequent practice. The effects on comfort, symptoms and length of survival seem limited. Further research will contribute to better understanding of this important topic in end-of-life care.

title: Artificial nutrition and hydration in the last week of life in @entity5 XXXX . A systematic literature review of practices and effects.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Data from nine US population-based @entity5 registries participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program from 1973 through 1982 were analyzed to examine demographic characteristics related to the occurrence of the two major types of @entity5 . The overall annual incidence rate per 100,000 @entity1 was 2.6 for @entity957 and 0.4 for @entity420 . The sex ratio for @entity420 varied from one age group to the next and was highest in the 50- to 59-year-old group. It was relatively the same for @entity957 . The male-to-female ratio was higher for @entity420 (seven in whites and 10 in blacks) than for @entity957 (three and four, respectively). The highest sex-specific ratio for @entity420 occurred in the lower third of the esophagus. Blacks had a fourfold to fivefold higher rate of @entity957 than whites, but the rate of @entity420 in blacks was 30% of the rate in whites. The incidence of @entity957 in black @entity1 and @entity1 increased by approximately 30% between 1973 and 1982, and the rate of @entity420 among white @entity1 increased 74%. Nearly half of the @entity957 occurred in the middle of the esophagus, whereas the majority (79%) of the @entity420 arose in the lower third. These data suggest that the two major histologic types of @entity418 may be of different etiologic origin.

title: Incidence of XXXX in the US by histologic type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the esophagus', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the esophagus']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is accentuated antagonism between sympathetic and vagal effects on ventricular refractory periods (VRPs) in @entity1 . The effects of 0.04 mg/kg of @entity3897 on the right ventricular effective and functional refractory periods were determined in the setting of beta-adrenergic blockade by @entity1169 (0.15 mg/kg loading dose, then 0.1 mg/min continuous infusion, group 1) and in the setting of beta-adrenergic stimulation by 25 or 50 ng/kg/min @entity3044 (groups 2 and 3, respectively). Groups 4 to 6 served as control groups. In group 4, VRPs were determined on three occasions separated by 10 min each in the absence of drug. VRPs also were determined on two occasions after infusion of @entity1169 (group 5) or 25 ng/kg/min of @entity3044 (group 6). Groups 1 to 4 consisted of 10 subjects each, and groups 5 and 6 consisted of five subjects each. VRPs were determined with the use of basic drive cycle lengths of 600, 500, 400, and 350 msec. Because of @entity7129 , sufficient data for comparison of groups 1 to 3 were available only at drive cycle lengths of 400 and 350 msec. @entity3897 significantly shortened the VRPs in groups 1 to 3, but the magnitude of @entity3897 's effects in group 3 (5.3% to 5.8% shortening at drive cycle length of 350 msec) was significantly greater than in group 1 (2.6% to 3.0% shortening, p less than .05) Data from the control groups demonstrated that there was no effect of time on measurement of VRPs either in the drug-free state or in the presence of @entity1169 or @entity3044 . The results of this study indicate that cholinergic tone lengthens VRPs in the absence of background sympathetic activity and that this lengthening of VRPs may become accentuated during beta-adrenergic stimulation.

title: Accentuated antagonism between beta-adrenergic and vagal effects on ventricular refractoriness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine', 'Atropine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Basal lamina at the interface between colonic epithelial cells and the lamina propria was exposed by incubating colonic specimens in 1% @entity7232 solutions. Examination of this epithelial-stromal interface by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) showed a smooth, slightly undulating basal lamina covering crypts and luminal surfaces. The basal lamina on the luminal surfaces had numerous round or ovoid fenestrations, most measuring 2.5-4.0 microns. These were continuous with channels in the collagen fiber network of the lamina propria. Except very near the surface, no fenestrations were found in the basal lamina lining the crypts. @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) of serial thin sections of @entity694 without the epithelial cells removed showed only a few actual basal lamina fenestrations. Rarely, epithelial cell processes extended into the lamina propria through the basal lamina. Most of the fenestrations seen by @entity4653 appeared to correspond spatially by @entity1579 to foci of close contact between the basal lamina and underlying fibroblastic cell processes. At these sites the basal lamina and fibroblastic cell process might be removed along with the overlying epithelial cells during processing with @entity7232 . These data support functional differences in epithelial-stromal interaction between cell populations lining the luminal surface and those making up the crypt lining and pericryptal fibroblast sheath. The @entity1579 findings demonstrate that the @entity1 colonic basal lamina is not absolutely continuous and that the development of basal lamina fenestrations and epithelial cell processes extending into the lamina propria is not pathognomonic of neoplastic transformation and stromal invasion.

title: Basal lamina fenestrations in the XXXX colon: transmission and scanning electron microscope study.

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['TEM', 'Transmission electron microscopy']

entities_list: @entity7232 :: ('MESH:C032688', 'Chemical') :: ['boric acid']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosa']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This is a preliminary report on Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) instrumentation for the surgical management of @entity1514 . From September 1985 through April 1986, 37 @entity1 were treated at the authors' hospital, by posterior spinal fusion with CD instrumentation. Twelve @entity1 had surgical treatment of @entity85 or had revision surgery. The remaining 25 @entity1 , with no prior surgery, were diagnosed as having juvenile or adolescent @entity2112 . After operation, this group of @entity1 was routinely noted to have significant improvement in @entity85 . This is associated with the rotational correction achieved with CD instrumentation and contrasts with the minimal @entity85 correction with Harrington instrumentation documented by some workers. In this series, no rib resections have been necessary in conjunction with CD instrumentation. No postoperative external immobilization was used. Ambulation began on the second postoperative day, and @entity1 were discharged five to seven days after operation. Gradual resumption of normal activities was allowed at six weeks, and full activities, other than contact sports, after three months.

title: Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation in XXXX . A preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity associated with other disorders', 'rib deformity']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thoracic scoliosis']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: The efficacy of low-dose, locally administered streptokinase (SK) combined with full therapeutic systemic doses of heparin was investigated. Seven @entity1 with angiographically proven massive @entity1151 were treated. Streptokinase, 10,000-20,000 units/hour, was administered directly into the left or right pulmonary artery for 9 to 24 hours. Heparin was administered concurrently. The number of unperfused segments of the infused lung shown on the lung scan decreased from 5 +/- 2 to 2 +/- 1 after 12-24 hours (p less than .01). No change was shown in the contralateral lung. The angiographic index of severity score in the infused lung decreased from 16 +/- 1 to 9 +/- 4 (p less than .01). The partial pressure of @entity26 in arterial blood improved within four hours. In spite of the low doses of streptokinase, however, two major @entity548 episodes occurred that required blood transfusion. In conclusion, low dose intrapulmonary streptokinase, combined with intravenous heparin, may provide a therapeutic option in @entity1 with life-threatening massive @entity1151 in whom full dose lytic therapy may be hazardous, although even low dose lytic therapy was associated with risk.

title: Treatment of massive XXXX . The use of low doses of intrapulmonary arterial streptokinase combined with full doses of systemic heparin.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary embolism']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1069 /chronic @entity2371 ( @entity2723 /CPPS) is common, but trial evidence is conflicting and therapeutic options are controversial. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing mean symptom scores and treatment response among a-blockers, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, other active drugs (phytotherapy, glycosaminoglycans, @entity585 , and neuromodulators), and placebo. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE from 1949 and EMBASE from 1974 to November 16, 2010, using the PubMed and Ovid search engines. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials comparing drug treatments in @entity2723 /CPPS @entity1 . DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted mean symptom scores, quality-of-life measures, and response to treatment between treatment groups. Standardized mean difference and random-effects methods were applied for pooling continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. A longitudinal mixed regression model was used for network meta-analysis to indirectly compare treatment effects. DATA SYNTHESIS: Twenty-three of 262 studies identified were eligible. Compared with placebo, a-blockers were associated with significant improvement in symptoms with standardized mean differences in total symptom, @entity158 , voiding, and quality-of-life scores of -1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.8 to -0.6), -1.1 (95% CI, -1.8 to -0.3), -1.4 (95% CI, -2.3 to -0.5), and -1.0 (95% CI, -1.8 to -0.2), respectively. @entity1 receiving a-blockers or anti-inflammatory medications had a higher chance of favorable response compared with placebo, with pooled RRs of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-2.3) and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.6), respectively. Contour-enhanced funnel plots suggested the presence of publication bias for smaller studies of a-blocker therapies. The network meta-analysis suggested benefits of antibiotics in decreasing total symptom scores (-9.8; 95% CI, -15.1 to -4.6), @entity158 scores (-4.4; 95% CI, -7.0 to -1.9), voiding scores (-2.8; 95% CI, -4.1 to -1.6), and quality-of-life scores (-1.9; 95% CI, -3.6 to -0.2) compared with placebo. Combining a-blockers and antibiotics yielded the greatest benefits compared with placebo, with corresponding decreases of -13.8 (95% CI, -17.5 to -10.2) for total symptom scores, -5.7 (95% CI, -7.8 to -3.6) for @entity158 scores, -3.7 (95% CI, -5.2 to -2.1) for voiding, and -2.8 (95% CI, -4.7 to -0.9) for quality-of-life scores. CONCLUSIONS: a-Blockers, antibiotics, and combinations of these therapies appear to achieve the greatest improvement in clinical symptom scores compared with placebo. Anti-inflammatory therapies have a lesser but measurable benefit on selected outcomes. However, beneficial effects of a-blockers may be overestimated because of publication bias.

title: Management of chronic @entity1069 /chronic XXXX : a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain syndrome']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain syndrome']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1069 /chronic @entity2371 ( @entity2723 /CPPS) is common, but trial evidence is conflicting and therapeutic options are controversial. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing mean symptom scores and treatment response among a-blockers, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, other active drugs (phytotherapy, glycosaminoglycans, @entity585 , and neuromodulators), and placebo. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE from 1949 and EMBASE from 1974 to November 16, 2010, using the PubMed and Ovid search engines. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials comparing drug treatments in @entity2723 /CPPS @entity1 . DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted mean symptom scores, quality-of-life measures, and response to treatment between treatment groups. Standardized mean difference and random-effects methods were applied for pooling continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. A longitudinal mixed regression model was used for network meta-analysis to indirectly compare treatment effects. DATA SYNTHESIS: Twenty-three of 262 studies identified were eligible. Compared with placebo, a-blockers were associated with significant improvement in symptoms with standardized mean differences in total symptom, @entity158 , voiding, and quality-of-life scores of -1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.8 to -0.6), -1.1 (95% CI, -1.8 to -0.3), -1.4 (95% CI, -2.3 to -0.5), and -1.0 (95% CI, -1.8 to -0.2), respectively. @entity1 receiving a-blockers or anti-inflammatory medications had a higher chance of favorable response compared with placebo, with pooled RRs of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-2.3) and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.6), respectively. Contour-enhanced funnel plots suggested the presence of publication bias for smaller studies of a-blocker therapies. The network meta-analysis suggested benefits of antibiotics in decreasing total symptom scores (-9.8; 95% CI, -15.1 to -4.6), @entity158 scores (-4.4; 95% CI, -7.0 to -1.9), voiding scores (-2.8; 95% CI, -4.1 to -1.6), and quality-of-life scores (-1.9; 95% CI, -3.6 to -0.2) compared with placebo. Combining a-blockers and antibiotics yielded the greatest benefits compared with placebo, with corresponding decreases of -13.8 (95% CI, -17.5 to -10.2) for total symptom scores, -5.7 (95% CI, -7.8 to -3.6) for @entity158 scores, -3.7 (95% CI, -5.2 to -2.1) for voiding, and -2.8 (95% CI, -4.7 to -0.9) for quality-of-life scores. CONCLUSIONS: a-Blockers, antibiotics, and combinations of these therapies appear to achieve the greatest improvement in clinical symptom scores compared with placebo. Anti-inflammatory therapies have a lesser but measurable benefit on selected outcomes. However, beneficial effects of a-blockers may be overestimated because of publication bias.

title: Management of chronic XXXX /chronic @entity2371 : a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['prostatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: A case of systemic @entity3303 exposure in a bone marrow transplant recipient with severe hepatic @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ) receiving treatment with @entity3303 patch 5% is reported. SUMMARY: A 35-year-old Caucasian @entity1 with a history of refractory @entity981 was admitted for a third allogeneic, mismatched, peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplant from an unrelated donor, with a conditioning regimen that included @entity1863 and @entity3118 . The @entity1 was receiving treatment with @entity3303 patch 5% (two patches daily, which was started five months before another hospital admission for the treatment of @entity1891 -related @entity1897 . Baseline laboratory findings were within normal limits except for disease-related @entity1398 and @entity882 . Twenty days after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), the @entity1 developed signs and symptoms of severe hepatic @entity5501 . His serum @entity493 transaminase concentration rose from 65 IU/L at baseline to 370 IU/L, and his serum @entity492 transaminase concentration rose from 32 IU/L at baseline to 871 IU/L. His total @entity648 increased to 2.8 mg/dL, and his body weight increased by 15%. An abdominal ultrasound noted ascites and @entity382 without reversal of blood flow. The @entity3303 patch was discontinued, but the @entity1 's condition continued to deteriorate. He died 38 days after HSCT from complications of severe hepatic @entity5501 . CONCLUSION: A 35-year-old @entity1 developed hepatic @entity5501 20 days after his third HSCT. As a result of his @entity409 , the @entity1 , who had been receiving @entity3303 patch 5% for the treatment of @entity9 , experienced increased systemic exposure to @entity3303 , which led to discontinuation of the patch.

title: Systemic absorption of topical XXXX in a bone marrow transplant recipient with hepatic @entity5501 .

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic impairment']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['SOS', 'sinusoidal obstruction syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']