abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Although @entity21392 is found in 6% of @entity2112 @entity1 , very little was reported on management of pars defects in this group. These @entity1 with @entity158 are most eligible for direct repair of the defect rather than lumbosacral fusion in an attempt to save motion segments. PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to analyze the clinical and radiologic outcome of pars repair in a group of adolescents who presented after surgical correction of their @entity2112 . STUDY DESIGN: A prospective nonrandomized study. @entity1 SAMPLE: Ten consecutive @entity1 with @entity21392 presenting after an average of 3 months (range, 2-7 months) from correction of their @entity2112 with @entity1643 not responding to conservative therapy and interfering with everyday activities. The mean age at operation was 16 years (range, 14-19 years). OUTCOME MEASURES: Total @entity190 , operative time, and hospital stay were recorded. Clinical outcome was assessed by the @entity717 Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS), and @entity1635 ( @entity1635 )-22 questionnaire. Fusion of the pars interarticularis was assessed using plain, lateral, and oblique radiographs and a computed tomography (CT) scan. METHODS: The surgical technique consisted of thorough debridement of the defect, impacting the gap created with a tricortical iliac crest graft, and rigid fixation by either pedicle screws and a V-shaped rod (five @entity1 ) or a cable-screw construct (five @entity1 ). RESULTS: @entity1 were followed up for an average of 4.5 years (range, 2-7 years). Nine @entity1 had a good-to-excellent result, returned to normal everyday life, and participated in sports when desired. The mean ODI, VAS, and @entity1635 total scores were 11 (range, 0-34), 1.1 (range, 0-2), and 92 (range, 61-108), respectively. Follow-up radiographs and CT scans revealed healing of all defects in nine cases, no signs of @entity1797 in any, and no implant-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: The results of direct repair of @entity21392 in @entity2112 @entity1 were very satisfactory both clinically and radiologically. Direct repair appears to be a logical alternative to spinal fusion; lumbar spine mobility was preserved, and precocious motion segments were saved with a relatively simple operation.

title: Direct repair of XXXX presenting after correction of adolescent @entity2112 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['Scoliosis Research Society', 'SRS']

entities_list: @entity21392 :: ('MESH:D013169', 'Disease') :: ['spondylolysis']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful spondylolysis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity21392 :: (MESH:D013169,Disease) :: ['spondylolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Although @entity21392 is found in 6% of @entity2112 @entity1 , very little was reported on management of pars defects in this group. These @entity1 with @entity158 are most eligible for direct repair of the defect rather than lumbosacral fusion in an attempt to save motion segments. PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to analyze the clinical and radiologic outcome of pars repair in a group of adolescents who presented after surgical correction of their @entity2112 . STUDY DESIGN: A prospective nonrandomized study. @entity1 SAMPLE: Ten consecutive @entity1 with @entity21392 presenting after an average of 3 months (range, 2-7 months) from correction of their @entity2112 with @entity1643 not responding to conservative therapy and interfering with everyday activities. The mean age at operation was 16 years (range, 14-19 years). OUTCOME MEASURES: Total @entity190 , operative time, and hospital stay were recorded. Clinical outcome was assessed by the @entity717 Index (ODI), visual analog scale (VAS), and @entity1635 ( @entity1635 )-22 questionnaire. Fusion of the pars interarticularis was assessed using plain, lateral, and oblique radiographs and a computed tomography (CT) scan. METHODS: The surgical technique consisted of thorough debridement of the defect, impacting the gap created with a tricortical iliac crest graft, and rigid fixation by either pedicle screws and a V-shaped rod (five @entity1 ) or a cable-screw construct (five @entity1 ). RESULTS: @entity1 were followed up for an average of 4.5 years (range, 2-7 years). Nine @entity1 had a good-to-excellent result, returned to normal everyday life, and participated in sports when desired. The mean ODI, VAS, and @entity1635 total scores were 11 (range, 0-34), 1.1 (range, 0-2), and 92 (range, 61-108), respectively. Follow-up radiographs and CT scans revealed healing of all defects in nine cases, no signs of @entity1797 in any, and no implant-related complications. CONCLUSIONS: The results of direct repair of @entity21392 in @entity2112 @entity1 were very satisfactory both clinically and radiologically. Direct repair appears to be a logical alternative to spinal fusion; lumbar spine mobility was preserved, and precocious motion segments were saved with a relatively simple operation.

title: Direct repair of @entity21392 presenting after correction of adolescent XXXX .

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity7965 ( @entity7965 ) is a rare acquired @entity2214 characterized by complement-mediated @entity2142 , @entity2131 and @entity715 . Eculizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the cytolytic component of the complement system by binding to complement C5. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report the results of eculizumab treatment in 25 @entity7965 @entity1 from different centers in Spain. Statistical analysis was perfomed with a SPSS v15.0 software. RESULTS: Fifty-eight per cent of the @entity1 achieved transfusional independence after a median of 14 months. Transfusion requirements were reduced in 60% of the remaining cases. Fatigue resolved in 96% of the @entity1 and smooth muscle dystony-related symptoms in all cases. A single case of treatment-related @entity281 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Eculizumab controls effectively @entity2142 and greatly improves clinical symptoms. The drug is safe and well tolerated, without significant adverse effects except @entity7135 . @entity1 with suboptimal response to treatment must be assessed for bone @entity8190 and extravascular haemolysis.

title: [ XXXX therapy with eculizumab: Spanish experience].

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8190 :: ('MESH:C537330', 'Disease') :: ['marrow insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria', 'PNH']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

answer: @entity7965 :: (MESH:D006457,Disease) :: ['Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Our objectives were to characterize sex differences during @entity49 , using the electrolytic inferior vena cava model of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male and female C57BL/6 @entity19 (6-8 weeks) underwent @entity715 . Time points included 6 hours, day 2, day 6, and day 14 post surgery, along with surgically na  ve true controls and surgical shams. Analyses included @entity715 weight, vein wall morphometrics, vein wall protein and gene expression for P-selectin, @entity635 , and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a; hematology, soluble P-selectin, and plasma microparticle tissue factor activity assays. RESULTS: Male venous thrombi were significantly larger than females at days 2 (13.1    1.0 vs. 6.8    0.5   10(-3) grams, p < 0.01), 6 (10.4    0.8 vs. 5.4    0.5   10(-3) grams, p < 0.01) and 14 (6.3    0.5 vs. 4.1    0.3   10(-3) grams, p < 0.01). Both male and female @entity19 exhibited significantly increased vein wall P-selectin at 6 hours, vs. true controls (p < 0.05). Males had increased vein wall @entity635 , versus females, at 6 hours (180.926    24.596 vs. 60.417    10.478 pg/mL, p < 0.05) and day 6 (76.966    13.081 vs. 33.834    4.198 pg/mL, p < 0.01). Males showed decreased @entity5 @entity39 factor-a expression (-66 %) at 6 hours. Females had increased @entity5 @entity39 factor-a expression at 6 hours (+541%) and day 6 (+539%). Both sexes demonstrated decreased peripheral platelets at 6 hours (p < 0.05), coinciding with thrombogenesis. Plasma P-selectin increased in both sexes, versus controls, through day 6 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Males had significantly larger venous thrombi than females. Sex differences in vascular anatomy and response to @entity32 may influence @entity715 formation in our @entity19 @entity715 model.

title: Male @entity19 have increased thrombotic potential: sex differences in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis', 'inferior vena cava thrombosis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Our objectives were to characterize sex differences during @entity49 , using the electrolytic inferior vena cava model of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male and female C57BL/6 @entity19 (6-8 weeks) underwent @entity715 . Time points included 6 hours, day 2, day 6, and day 14 post surgery, along with surgically na  ve true controls and surgical shams. Analyses included @entity715 weight, vein wall morphometrics, vein wall protein and gene expression for P-selectin, @entity635 , and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a; hematology, soluble P-selectin, and plasma microparticle tissue factor activity assays. RESULTS: Male venous thrombi were significantly larger than females at days 2 (13.1    1.0 vs. 6.8    0.5   10(-3) grams, p < 0.01), 6 (10.4    0.8 vs. 5.4    0.5   10(-3) grams, p < 0.01) and 14 (6.3    0.5 vs. 4.1    0.3   10(-3) grams, p < 0.01). Both male and female @entity19 exhibited significantly increased vein wall P-selectin at 6 hours, vs. true controls (p < 0.05). Males had increased vein wall @entity635 , versus females, at 6 hours (180.926    24.596 vs. 60.417    10.478 pg/mL, p < 0.05) and day 6 (76.966    13.081 vs. 33.834    4.198 pg/mL, p < 0.01). Males showed decreased @entity5 @entity39 factor-a expression (-66 %) at 6 hours. Females had increased @entity5 @entity39 factor-a expression at 6 hours (+541%) and day 6 (+539%). Both sexes demonstrated decreased peripheral platelets at 6 hours (p < 0.05), coinciding with thrombogenesis. Plasma P-selectin increased in both sexes, versus controls, through day 6 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Males had significantly larger venous thrombi than females. Sex differences in vascular anatomy and response to @entity32 may influence @entity715 formation in our @entity19 @entity715 model.

title: Male XXXX have increased thrombotic potential: sex differences in a @entity19 model of @entity49 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Our objectives were to characterize sex differences during @entity49 , using the electrolytic inferior vena cava model of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male and female C57BL/6 @entity19 (6-8 weeks) underwent @entity715 . Time points included 6 hours, day 2, day 6, and day 14 post surgery, along with surgically na  ve true controls and surgical shams. Analyses included @entity715 weight, vein wall morphometrics, vein wall protein and gene expression for P-selectin, @entity635 , and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a; hematology, soluble P-selectin, and plasma microparticle tissue factor activity assays. RESULTS: Male venous thrombi were significantly larger than females at days 2 (13.1    1.0 vs. 6.8    0.5   10(-3) grams, p < 0.01), 6 (10.4    0.8 vs. 5.4    0.5   10(-3) grams, p < 0.01) and 14 (6.3    0.5 vs. 4.1    0.3   10(-3) grams, p < 0.01). Both male and female @entity19 exhibited significantly increased vein wall P-selectin at 6 hours, vs. true controls (p < 0.05). Males had increased vein wall @entity635 , versus females, at 6 hours (180.926    24.596 vs. 60.417    10.478 pg/mL, p < 0.05) and day 6 (76.966    13.081 vs. 33.834    4.198 pg/mL, p < 0.01). Males showed decreased @entity5 @entity39 factor-a expression (-66 %) at 6 hours. Females had increased @entity5 @entity39 factor-a expression at 6 hours (+541%) and day 6 (+539%). Both sexes demonstrated decreased peripheral platelets at 6 hours (p < 0.05), coinciding with thrombogenesis. Plasma P-selectin increased in both sexes, versus controls, through day 6 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Males had significantly larger venous thrombi than females. Sex differences in vascular anatomy and response to @entity32 may influence @entity715 formation in our @entity19 @entity715 model.

title: Male @entity19 have increased thrombotic potential: sex differences in a XXXX model of @entity49 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study, performed in an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) population with a normal serum @entity1011 , was to estimate urinary @entity1011 clearance ( @entity14488 ) in a population of @entity1230 @entity1 (PT) through a comparison with a population of non @entity130 @entity1 (NPT). METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study in a medical and surgical @entity1213 in a university hospital. A total of 284 @entity1 were consecutively included. Two different groups were studied: PT (n = 144) and NPT (n = 140). Within the second week after admission to the @entity1213 , renal function was assessed using serum @entity1011 , 24 h urinary @entity14488 . RESULTS: Among the 106 @entity1 with a @entity14488 above 120 mL minute(-1) 1.73 m(-2), 79 were PT and 27 NPT (P < 0.0001). Only 63 @entity1 had a @entity14488 below 60 mL minute(-1) 1.73 m(-2) with 15 PT and 48 NPT (P < 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity14488 greater than 120 mL minute(-1). 1.73 m(-2) were younger, had a lower SAPS II score and a higher male ratio as compared to those having @entity14488 lower than 120 mL minute(-1). 1.73 m(-2). Through a logistic regression analysis, age and @entity130 were the only factors independently correlated to @entity14488 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1213 @entity1 with normal serum @entity1011 , @entity14488 , is higher in PT than in NPT. The measure of @entity14488 should be proposed as routine for PT @entity1 in order to adjust dose regimen, especially for drugs with renal elimination.

title: Increased @entity1011 clearance in XXXX @entity1 with normal serum @entity1011 : a retrospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['polytrauma']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['polytrauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study, performed in an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) population with a normal serum @entity1011 , was to estimate urinary @entity1011 clearance ( @entity14488 ) in a population of @entity1230 @entity1 (PT) through a comparison with a population of non @entity130 @entity1 (NPT). METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study in a medical and surgical @entity1213 in a university hospital. A total of 284 @entity1 were consecutively included. Two different groups were studied: PT (n = 144) and NPT (n = 140). Within the second week after admission to the @entity1213 , renal function was assessed using serum @entity1011 , 24 h urinary @entity14488 . RESULTS: Among the 106 @entity1 with a @entity14488 above 120 mL minute(-1) 1.73 m(-2), 79 were PT and 27 NPT (P < 0.0001). Only 63 @entity1 had a @entity14488 below 60 mL minute(-1) 1.73 m(-2) with 15 PT and 48 NPT (P < 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity14488 greater than 120 mL minute(-1). 1.73 m(-2) were younger, had a lower SAPS II score and a higher male ratio as compared to those having @entity14488 lower than 120 mL minute(-1). 1.73 m(-2). Through a logistic regression analysis, age and @entity130 were the only factors independently correlated to @entity14488 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1213 @entity1 with normal serum @entity1011 , @entity14488 , is higher in PT than in NPT. The measure of @entity14488 should be proposed as routine for PT @entity1 in order to adjust dose regimen, especially for drugs with renal elimination.

title: Increased XXXX clearance in @entity1230 @entity1 with normal serum @entity1011 : a retrospective observational study.

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study, performed in an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) population with a normal serum @entity1011 , was to estimate urinary @entity1011 clearance ( @entity14488 ) in a population of @entity1230 @entity1 (PT) through a comparison with a population of non @entity130 @entity1 (NPT). METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study in a medical and surgical @entity1213 in a university hospital. A total of 284 @entity1 were consecutively included. Two different groups were studied: PT (n = 144) and NPT (n = 140). Within the second week after admission to the @entity1213 , renal function was assessed using serum @entity1011 , 24 h urinary @entity14488 . RESULTS: Among the 106 @entity1 with a @entity14488 above 120 mL minute(-1) 1.73 m(-2), 79 were PT and 27 NPT (P < 0.0001). Only 63 @entity1 had a @entity14488 below 60 mL minute(-1) 1.73 m(-2) with 15 PT and 48 NPT (P < 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity14488 greater than 120 mL minute(-1). 1.73 m(-2) were younger, had a lower SAPS II score and a higher male ratio as compared to those having @entity14488 lower than 120 mL minute(-1). 1.73 m(-2). Through a logistic regression analysis, age and @entity130 were the only factors independently correlated to @entity14488 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1213 @entity1 with normal serum @entity1011 , @entity14488 , is higher in PT than in NPT. The measure of @entity14488 should be proposed as routine for PT @entity1 in order to adjust dose regimen, especially for drugs with renal elimination.

title: Increased @entity1011 clearance in @entity1230 @entity1 with normal serum XXXX : a retrospective observational study.

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study, performed in an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) population with a normal serum @entity1011 , was to estimate urinary @entity1011 clearance ( @entity14488 ) in a population of @entity1230 @entity1 (PT) through a comparison with a population of non @entity130 @entity1 (NPT). METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study in a medical and surgical @entity1213 in a university hospital. A total of 284 @entity1 were consecutively included. Two different groups were studied: PT (n = 144) and NPT (n = 140). Within the second week after admission to the @entity1213 , renal function was assessed using serum @entity1011 , 24 h urinary @entity14488 . RESULTS: Among the 106 @entity1 with a @entity14488 above 120 mL minute(-1) 1.73 m(-2), 79 were PT and 27 NPT (P < 0.0001). Only 63 @entity1 had a @entity14488 below 60 mL minute(-1) 1.73 m(-2) with 15 PT and 48 NPT (P < 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity14488 greater than 120 mL minute(-1). 1.73 m(-2) were younger, had a lower SAPS II score and a higher male ratio as compared to those having @entity14488 lower than 120 mL minute(-1). 1.73 m(-2). Through a logistic regression analysis, age and @entity130 were the only factors independently correlated to @entity14488 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1213 @entity1 with normal serum @entity1011 , @entity14488 , is higher in PT than in NPT. The measure of @entity14488 should be proposed as routine for PT @entity1 in order to adjust dose regimen, especially for drugs with renal elimination.

title: Increased @entity1011 clearance in @entity1230 XXXX with normal serum @entity1011 : a retrospective observational study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A worldwide outbreak of @entity1707 flu H1N1 pandemic @entity683 occurred in April 2009. To determine the mechanism underlying the spread of infection, we prospectively evaluated a survey implemented at a local university. METHODS: Between August 2009 and March 2010, we surveyed 3 groups of subjects: 2318 @entity1 in six schools attached to the Faculty of Education, 11424 university students, and 3344 staff members. Subjects with @entity683 -like symptoms who were diagnosed with @entity1707 flu at hospitals or clinics were defined as @entity1707 flu @entity1 and asked to make a report using a standardized form. RESULTS: After the start of the pandemic, a total of 2002 @entity1 (11.7%) were registered in the survey. These @entity1 included 928 schoolchildren (40.0%), 1016 university students (8.9%), and 58 staff members (1.7%). The incidence in schoolchildren was significantly higher than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.0001) but there were no within group differences in incidence rate between males and females. During the period of the survey, three peaks of @entity1 numbers were observed, in November 2009, December 2009, and January 2010. The first peak consisted mainly of schoolchildren, whereas the second and third peaks included many university students. Staff members did not contribute to peak formation. Among the university students, the most common suspected route of transmission was club activity. Interventions, such as closing classes, schools, and clubs, are likely to affect the epidemic curves. CONCLUSION: Schoolchildren and university students are vulnerable to @entity1707 flu, suggesting that avoidance of close contact, especially among these young @entity1 , may be effective way in controlling future severe @entity683 pandemics, especially at educational institutions.

title: XXXX -origin @entity683 a outbreak 2009 at Shinshu University, Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A worldwide outbreak of @entity1707 flu H1N1 pandemic @entity683 occurred in April 2009. To determine the mechanism underlying the spread of infection, we prospectively evaluated a survey implemented at a local university. METHODS: Between August 2009 and March 2010, we surveyed 3 groups of subjects: 2318 @entity1 in six schools attached to the Faculty of Education, 11424 university students, and 3344 staff members. Subjects with @entity683 -like symptoms who were diagnosed with @entity1707 flu at hospitals or clinics were defined as @entity1707 flu @entity1 and asked to make a report using a standardized form. RESULTS: After the start of the pandemic, a total of 2002 @entity1 (11.7%) were registered in the survey. These @entity1 included 928 schoolchildren (40.0%), 1016 university students (8.9%), and 58 staff members (1.7%). The incidence in schoolchildren was significantly higher than in the other 2 groups (P < 0.0001) but there were no within group differences in incidence rate between males and females. During the period of the survey, three peaks of @entity1 numbers were observed, in November 2009, December 2009, and January 2010. The first peak consisted mainly of schoolchildren, whereas the second and third peaks included many university students. Staff members did not contribute to peak formation. Among the university students, the most common suspected route of transmission was club activity. Interventions, such as closing classes, schools, and clubs, are likely to affect the epidemic curves. CONCLUSION: Schoolchildren and university students are vulnerable to @entity1707 flu, suggesting that avoidance of close contact, especially among these young @entity1 , may be effective way in controlling future severe @entity683 pandemics, especially at educational institutions.

title: @entity1707 -origin XXXX a outbreak 2009 at Shinshu University, Japan.

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4172 ( @entity4172 ) presents clinically as waxy yellow-brown plaques, commonly on the shins. @entity4096 also involves the legs; however, it has distinct clinical and pathologic features. OBJECTIVE: We present a series of eight @entity1 who had lesions that clinically resembled @entity4172 but on pathology showed features resembling @entity4096 . METHODS: Between 1997 and 2008, eight @entity1 were identified at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, to have had @entity272 clinically diagnosed as @entity4172 , or a similar morphologic entity, but showing histopathologic features resembling @entity4096 on biopsy. The clinical records and pathology reports of these @entity1 were reviewed. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 39 to 73 years. Only one @entity1 was female. Members of the group held diagnoses of @entity6 , @entity177 , or @entity455 . All @entity1 had lesions on the legs, most on the anterior aspect. The clinical diagnosis was generally @entity4172 ; other clinical impressions included @entity9338 , and @entity2826 . All @entity1 had features on pathology resembling @entity4096 and no features of @entity4172 . CONCLUSION: We propose that this unique combination of clinical features of @entity4172 and histopathologic features resembling @entity4096 represents a novel entity for which we propose the name pretibial angioplasia.

title: Pretibial angioplasia: a novel entity encompassing the clinical features of XXXX and the histopathology of @entity4096 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ['Kaposi sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['venous or arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity9338 :: ('MESH:D008010', 'Disease') :: ['lichen planus, morphea']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency', 'Venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity4172 :: ('MESH:D009335', 'Disease') :: ['NL', 'Necrobiosis lipoidica']

answer: @entity4172 :: (MESH:D009335,Disease) :: ['necrobiosis lipoidica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4172 ( @entity4172 ) presents clinically as waxy yellow-brown plaques, commonly on the shins. @entity4096 also involves the legs; however, it has distinct clinical and pathologic features. OBJECTIVE: We present a series of eight @entity1 who had lesions that clinically resembled @entity4172 but on pathology showed features resembling @entity4096 . METHODS: Between 1997 and 2008, eight @entity1 were identified at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, to have had @entity272 clinically diagnosed as @entity4172 , or a similar morphologic entity, but showing histopathologic features resembling @entity4096 on biopsy. The clinical records and pathology reports of these @entity1 were reviewed. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 39 to 73 years. Only one @entity1 was female. Members of the group held diagnoses of @entity6 , @entity177 , or @entity455 . All @entity1 had lesions on the legs, most on the anterior aspect. The clinical diagnosis was generally @entity4172 ; other clinical impressions included @entity9338 , and @entity2826 . All @entity1 had features on pathology resembling @entity4096 and no features of @entity4172 . CONCLUSION: We propose that this unique combination of clinical features of @entity4172 and histopathologic features resembling @entity4096 represents a novel entity for which we propose the name pretibial angioplasia.

title: Pretibial angioplasia: a novel entity encompassing the clinical features of @entity4172 and the histopathology of XXXX .

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['venous insufficiency']


abstract: A single, 68,000 m.w. glycoprotein antigen from adult @entity380 was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography with the use of a newly developed, protective, anti-schistosome murine monoclonal antibody. Immunization with two doses of 0.5 microgram or 1 microgram of purified antigen, without adjuvants, afforded a mean 28% reduction in parasite recovery in CF1 @entity19 , and 2-% reduction in parasite BALB/c @entity19 . On immunoblotting, the 68,000 m.w. antigen was common to @entity383 adults and schistosomula, whereas parasite eggs contained only cross-reacting low m.w. antigens of 19,100 and 16,000. Immunization resulted in the development of anti-antigen antibody and enhanced immediate cutaneous @entity56 to the 31-3B6 antigen. By contrast, @entity56 and sensitization to circumoval @entity738 formation were not observed in immunized @entity19 . It was concluded that the 68,000 m.w. 31-3B6 antigen represents a candidate vaccine for adjuvant-free immunization against @entity383 .

title: Isolation and characterization of a protective antigen for adjuvant-free immunization against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: During delivery a reduction of placental blood flow in relation to uterine contractions resulting in repetitive decelerations of the fetal heart rate is frequently encountered. In this context the question arises whether a critical threshold of @entity26 saturation ( @entity9734 ) in fetal arterial blood can be defined, below which a severe @entity2241 and a @entity2241 may develope. In chronically instrumented ewes (8 experiments) a slowly progressive @entity7396 was induced by stepwise reduction of uterine blood flow via occlusion of the maternal aorta. Fetal arterial blood pressure and heart rate were continuously monitored and fetal arterial blood samples were taken intermittently from a catheter placed in the fetal aorta. The stepwise decrease of fetal arterial @entity9734 was 10% at time intervals of 15-30 minutes. With @entity9734 -values above 15%, @entity880 increased 0.01-0.03 mmol/l/min and the pH decreased 0.003-0.0012/min. A significant increase of @entity880 concentration (0.1-0.3 mmol/l/min) and decrease of the pH (0.003-0.009/min) was encountered when the fetal arterial @entity9734 was below 15%. With progressive desoxygenation systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as pulse pressure increased. There was no uniform reaction pattern of the basal fetal heart rate to progressive @entity519 ; while in some experiments @entity591 prevailed, @entity1168 was encountered in other experiments. Plasma free @entity2661 exhibited an inverse relationship to @entity9734 with an exponential increase of @entity2922 concentrations when @entity9734 fell below 15-20%. During almost complete desoxygenation ( @entity9734 below 5%), @entity2922 concentrations were increased 100 fold ( @entity1063 ), 1000 fold (epinephrine) and 50 fold ( @entity935 ) as compared to control values. In comparison to free @entity2661 increases of the concentrations of @entity701 and @entity1369 were only small. The increase of @entity701 with progressive @entity519 may explain the endogenous stimulation of lung maturity during fetal stress. Our experiments suggest that a @entity9734 level of 15-20% represents a critical threshold for development of severe @entity2241 and a @entity2241 . However, even during severe @entity519 ( @entity9734 below 10%) the @entity742 fetus is able to maintain blood pressure for at least 30 minutes with the help of an excessive @entity2922 secretion. Only with @entity519 a @entity2241 has to be anticipated within a few minutes.

title: [Metabolic, cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal reactions of the fetus to progressive XXXX --animal experiment studies].

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7396 :: ('MESH:D005311', 'Disease') :: ['fetal hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal shock syndrome', 'breakdown of fetal circulation', 'fetal acidosis']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: Only partial studies evaluating the endocrine profile in @entity1475 have been performed. In order to characterize the neuro-endocrine pattern during and after @entity1475 , we studied the basal hormonal levels of @entity3566 , @entity1 @entity5804 ( @entity4151 ), FSH, GH, TSH, free @entity1955 index (FTI), @entity53 -17 beta (E2), and @entity1420 (PG), as well as the anterior pituitary response to @entity1218 , @entity1176 , and hypoglycaemia induced by insulin in 7 @entity1 during @entity1475 and one week after @entity5852 . @entity3566 showed significantly higher serum levels during rather than after @entity1475 and @entity4151 was detectable in only 4 @entity1 during, but in none after @entity1475 . FSH values were in the follicular phase range before and after @entity5852 (12.7 +/- 0.8 and 12.7 +/- 3.5 IU/l). PRL had elevated basal levels before and after @entity5852 ; 103.0 +/- 16.5 and 43 +/- 10.6 micrograms/l, respectively (P less than 0.05). GH levels were distinctly elevated in 3 @entity1 during @entity1475 ; after @entity5852 , the basal GH values were normal in all @entity1 less than 10 micrograms/l. Basal @entity701 and TSH levels were in the normal range before and after @entity5852 . The FTI was above the normal range in 3 @entity1 during @entity1475 , whereas after @entity5852 the values were normalized. E2 levels were elevated before and after @entity5852 , 1881 +/- 477 and 96.5 +/- 39.2 ng/l, respectively (P less than 0.01). PG levels before and after @entity5852 were 30.9 +/- 5.4 and 10 +/- 6.7 micrograms/l, respectively (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neuroendocrine regulation of anterior pituitary function in @entity1 during and after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['molar abortion']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity5804 :: ('1443', 'Gene') :: ['placental lactogen']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['molar pregnancy']

answer: @entity1475 :: (MESH:D006828,Disease) :: ['molar pregnancy']


abstract: Only partial studies evaluating the endocrine profile in @entity1475 have been performed. In order to characterize the neuro-endocrine pattern during and after @entity1475 , we studied the basal hormonal levels of @entity3566 , @entity1 @entity5804 ( @entity4151 ), FSH, GH, TSH, free @entity1955 index (FTI), @entity53 -17 beta (E2), and @entity1420 (PG), as well as the anterior pituitary response to @entity1218 , @entity1176 , and hypoglycaemia induced by insulin in 7 @entity1 during @entity1475 and one week after @entity5852 . @entity3566 showed significantly higher serum levels during rather than after @entity1475 and @entity4151 was detectable in only 4 @entity1 during, but in none after @entity1475 . FSH values were in the follicular phase range before and after @entity5852 (12.7 +/- 0.8 and 12.7 +/- 3.5 IU/l). PRL had elevated basal levels before and after @entity5852 ; 103.0 +/- 16.5 and 43 +/- 10.6 micrograms/l, respectively (P less than 0.05). GH levels were distinctly elevated in 3 @entity1 during @entity1475 ; after @entity5852 , the basal GH values were normal in all @entity1 less than 10 micrograms/l. Basal @entity701 and TSH levels were in the normal range before and after @entity5852 . The FTI was above the normal range in 3 @entity1 during @entity1475 , whereas after @entity5852 the values were normalized. E2 levels were elevated before and after @entity5852 , 1881 +/- 477 and 96.5 +/- 39.2 ng/l, respectively (P less than 0.01). PG levels before and after @entity5852 were 30.9 +/- 5.4 and 10 +/- 6.7 micrograms/l, respectively (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neuroendocrine regulation of anterior pituitary function in XXXX during and after @entity1475 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To examine whether sequence-specific antibodies directed against serum amyloid A were useful in the demonstration and classification of @entity2783 , needle biopsy specimens from the kidneys of 152 cases with @entity8 were investigated using the avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex technique of immunohistochemistry. A distinct immunoreactivity of @entity5066 was seen in biopsies from all 42 individuals who were clinically classified as having the AA-type of @entity2783 . The stained areas coincided with deposits stained by Congo red. Four of these cases demonstrated immunoreactivity of both @entity5066 and light immunoglobulin chains and all biopsies except one showed immunoreactivity for the amyloid P-component. After treatment with @entity19592 , the @entity527 in the biopsies of all 42 cases lost their affinity for Congo red. Ten @entity1 with clinical and laboratory findings compatible with the AL-type of @entity2783 were also investigated. All their biopsies demonstrated @entity527 but none of them showed any immunoreactivity of @entity5066 . @entity527 of lambda light immunoglobulin chains-but not kappa-were demonstrated in biopsies from four @entity1 . The amyloid P-component was found in biopsies from six individuals and positive Congo red staining after treatment with @entity19592 was seen in biopsies from four of the cases. Biopsies of 100 @entity1 suffering from @entity8 were also examined. None of them displayed any immunoreactive deposits of @entity5066 . The investigation shows that @entity527 of the AA-type can be identified in needle biopsies when sequence-specific antibodies against serum amyloid A are used in the avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex technique. Both the diagnostic sensitivity (42 of 42) and specificity (110 of 110) of the assay were optimal (1.0). The method was found to be superior to other investigated techniques and useful for classifying @entity2783 in formalin-fixed renal biopsies.

title: Demonstration and classification of @entity2783 in needle biopsies of the kidneys, with special reference to XXXX of the AA-type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['non-amyloid renal disorders', 'renal disorders']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['protein AA']

entities_list: @entity19592 :: ('MESH:D011196', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium permanganate']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Congophilic amyloid deposits', 'amyloid deposits', 'Amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: To examine whether sequence-specific antibodies directed against serum amyloid A were useful in the demonstration and classification of @entity2783 , needle biopsy specimens from the kidneys of 152 cases with @entity8 were investigated using the avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex technique of immunohistochemistry. A distinct immunoreactivity of @entity5066 was seen in biopsies from all 42 individuals who were clinically classified as having the AA-type of @entity2783 . The stained areas coincided with deposits stained by Congo red. Four of these cases demonstrated immunoreactivity of both @entity5066 and light immunoglobulin chains and all biopsies except one showed immunoreactivity for the amyloid P-component. After treatment with @entity19592 , the @entity527 in the biopsies of all 42 cases lost their affinity for Congo red. Ten @entity1 with clinical and laboratory findings compatible with the AL-type of @entity2783 were also investigated. All their biopsies demonstrated @entity527 but none of them showed any immunoreactivity of @entity5066 . @entity527 of lambda light immunoglobulin chains-but not kappa-were demonstrated in biopsies from four @entity1 . The amyloid P-component was found in biopsies from six individuals and positive Congo red staining after treatment with @entity19592 was seen in biopsies from four of the cases. Biopsies of 100 @entity1 suffering from @entity8 were also examined. None of them displayed any immunoreactive deposits of @entity5066 . The investigation shows that @entity527 of the AA-type can be identified in needle biopsies when sequence-specific antibodies against serum amyloid A are used in the avidin- @entity1885 -peroxidase complex technique. Both the diagnostic sensitivity (42 of 42) and specificity (110 of 110) of the assay were optimal (1.0). The method was found to be superior to other investigated techniques and useful for classifying @entity2783 in formalin-fixed renal biopsies.

title: Demonstration and classification of XXXX in needle biopsies of the kidneys, with special reference to @entity2783 of the AA-type.

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: We report the identification of an @entity2125 -dependent haem-degrading system in ox heart mitochondria. The activity was localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane, specifically associated with complex I ( @entity2125 : @entity12931 oxidoreductase). The mitochondrial @entity2125 -dependent haem-degradation activity was highly effective and displayed a rate nearly 60% higher than that of the microsomal activity. The following observations suggested the enzymic nature of the activity: (i) haem degradation by complex I did not proceed upon exposure to elevated temperature and extremes of pH; (ii) it displayed substrate specificity; (iii) it was inhibited by a substrate analogue; and (iv) it showed a cofactor requirement. Moreover, the activity was distinctly different from the @entity9050 -mediated haem-degradation activity. Also, complex I differed from the microsomal @entity1110 : @entity4674 (P-450) reductase inasmuch as the formation of an effective interaction with the microsomal haem oxygenase could not be detected. Addition of purified haem oxygenase to complex I neither influenced the rate of haem degradation nor resulted in the formation of @entity8864 alpha. In contrast, addition of haem oxygenase to @entity1110 : @entity4674 (P-450) reductase enhanced the rate of haem degradation by nearly 8-fold, and more than 60% of the degraded haem could be accounted for as @entity8864 alpha. The haem-degrading activity of complex I appeared to involve the activity of @entity274 , as the reaction was inhibited by nearly 90% by catalase, and propentdyopents were detected as reaction products. Intact haemoproteins such as @entity4674 and myoglobin were not effective substrates. However, the haem undecapeptide of @entity4674 was degraded at a rate equal to that observed for haem. Haematohaem was degraded at a rate 50% lower than that observed for haem. It is suggested that the @entity2125 -dependent haem-degradation system may have a biological role in the regulation of the concentration of respiratory haemoproteins and the disposition of the aberrant forms of the mitochondrial haemoproteins.

title: Characterization of an XXXX -dependent haem-degrading system in ox heart mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity8864 :: ('MESH:D001664', 'Chemical') :: ['biliverdin IX']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity2125 :: (MESH:D009243,Chemical) :: ['NADH']


abstract: The spleens of old NZB @entity19 have an abnormal population of B cells with extra chromosomes. These @entity981 B cells manifest increased proliferative capacity; they grow in (NZB X DBA/2)F1 spleens after intravenous injections. Molecular analysis of individual old NZB and F1 passaged spleens demonstrate that @entity981 cells represent a clonal or oligoclonal expansion of B cells. All spleens with at least 10% @entity981 cells demonstrated both heavy and kappa light chain immunoglobulin gene rearrangements by Southern blot hybridization. None of the @entity981 spleens from old NZB @entity19 had lambda rearrangements and only one of five showed evidence of clonal rearrangement of the TCR-beta gene. One also had a VK10 clonal rearrangement. Elevated @entity899 oncogene protein was observed in NZB @entity981 spleen cells; however, no @entity899 or other oncogene rearrangements or amplifications were seen. @entity981 cells were IgM-bright, IgD-dull, Ia+, dull B220, @entity3512 -, and Ly-1-dull. Spleens with @entity981 B cells had increased percentages of Ly-1 B cells. The data suggest that @entity981 cells in old NZB @entity19 represent clonal expansion of B cells and that they may represent an intermediate stage between autoimmunity and @entity5 .

title: Clonal expansion of abnormal B cells in old NZB XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperdiploid', 'hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Clinical records of one hundred pediatric @entity1 affected by @entity1723 have been analyzed. All the @entity1 have been followed since the beginning of the disease and they have had a check up on average of four months (weight, height, blood pressure, @entity4051 , @entity2690 , Triglyceridemia, renal function were evaluated). The method of home-self-monitoring was applied. After four years, and periodically thereafter, microvascular abnormalities were evaluated in all the @entity1 by @entity941 angiography. @entity16 was evaluated only in symptomatic @entity1 by peripheral nerve conduction. The average follow up period was 6.1 years (range 1-20). RESULTS: the onset of the disease was expressed in 11% of the cases by @entity772 , in 14% by @entity1270 , in the remaining cases by @entity4854 only. The severity of initial symptoms has progressively and significantly decreased in the last years. In 7% of the subjects @entity6 affected more members of the same family (4 couples of siblings and 3 couples of parent- @entity1 ). An infection preceding the onset of the disease was present in the history of 23% of the cases. Islet cell antibodies were found in 83% of the studied cases at the onset of the disease. In 80 out of the 100 @entity1 a detailed history has been obtained about the occurrence of @entity1270 episodes after the first admission and about the occurrence of severe hypoglycemic crises ( @entity410 and/or @entity772 ). 17% of the @entity1 presented at least one @entity1270 episode after the first admission (the main cause was infection before 12 years of age, an emotional problem thereafter).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity2690 -dependent XXXX . Study and follow-up of 100 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Clinical records of one hundred pediatric @entity1 affected by @entity1723 have been analyzed. All the @entity1 have been followed since the beginning of the disease and they have had a check up on average of four months (weight, height, blood pressure, @entity4051 , @entity2690 , Triglyceridemia, renal function were evaluated). The method of home-self-monitoring was applied. After four years, and periodically thereafter, microvascular abnormalities were evaluated in all the @entity1 by @entity941 angiography. @entity16 was evaluated only in symptomatic @entity1 by peripheral nerve conduction. The average follow up period was 6.1 years (range 1-20). RESULTS: the onset of the disease was expressed in 11% of the cases by @entity772 , in 14% by @entity1270 , in the remaining cases by @entity4854 only. The severity of initial symptoms has progressively and significantly decreased in the last years. In 7% of the subjects @entity6 affected more members of the same family (4 couples of siblings and 3 couples of parent- @entity1 ). An infection preceding the onset of the disease was present in the history of 23% of the cases. Islet cell antibodies were found in 83% of the studied cases at the onset of the disease. In 80 out of the 100 @entity1 a detailed history has been obtained about the occurrence of @entity1270 episodes after the first admission and about the occurrence of severe hypoglycemic crises ( @entity410 and/or @entity772 ). 17% of the @entity1 presented at least one @entity1270 episode after the first admission (the main cause was infection before 12 years of age, an emotional problem thereafter).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX -dependent @entity6 . Study and follow-up of 100 cases].

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: Seven hundred and seventy nine isolates of @entity6368 from the County of Avon, United Kingdom, were examined by auxotyping and @entity114 susceptibility testing. @entity6475 which were heterogeneous as judge by @entity114 susceptibility were the most commonly isolated and increased in prevalence over the three year period. The group most generally susceptible to @entity114 required ArgHypUra for growth and decreased in prevalence over the three year period. Ten strains failed to grow on the auxotyping medium. Serogrouping was undertaken on 408 isolates. All strains reacting with the WI reagents were ArgHypUra requiring. However auxotypically similar strains (ArgHypUra) reacted with WII/WIII reagents suggesting a distinct and separately evolved group. Twenty four strains did not type with the serogrouping reagents. Using contact pairs, W-class serology was found to be a stable marker during natural transmission. However auxotypes were found to be unstable in 22 of 104 contact pairs and of these 18 involved a single requirement for @entity1521 . This very high incidence of instability with respect to this marker means it is not possible to reliably differentiate between the prototrophic group and the group with a single requirement for @entity1521 .

title: Epidemiological studies on XXXX isolated in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Prototrophic strains']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: The retrospective analysis of 53 cases with supratentorial low-grade (grade 1 or 2 due to WHO grading) @entity816 included the years 1965-84. The 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 61.9% and 52.1%, respectively. The recurrence of @entity5 occurred in 15 cases (28.3%), almost within 3 years after the initial treatment, and early recurrent cases indicated poor results. Among them, 6 cases were noticed increasing @entity5 of histological findings. According to our investigations, the factors which influence to the survival rate were age of @entity1 , duration of symptoms before treatment, presence of @entity51 and @entity5 . The @entity1 with good prognosis were under 20-year old, over 6 months of duration, with no neurological signs and with @entity512 . But, 5-year survival rate was not so improved by postoperative radiation therapy. Analysis on the effects of chemotherapy for low-grade @entity816 was little reported. We treated 26 @entity1 with RAFP therapy (Radiation + @entity4175 + @entity16229 + @entity57433 ). Only 2 cases out of 26 showed the recurrence till now. The rate of @entity5 was 46.2% by CT scan. So, it was considered that RAFP therapy was effective for supratentorial low-grade @entity816 .

title: [Results of supratentorial low-grade XXXX --effects of combined radiochemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of their tumors', 'degree of surgical removal of tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity512 :: ('MESH:C567308', 'Disease') :: ['total or subtotal removal']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytoma']


abstract: We have presented three cases of @entity3 to the orbit. The first case illustrated @entity3 that originated from a @entity1358 . This lesion, first reported by MacCormac as being morphologically intermediate between basal and @entity957 , has become a topic of some controversy. Conley reported these @entity5 to represent 1% of @entity1491 . Several authors have reported a higher incidence of recurrence with these lesions, as compared with the @entity5702 . Recurrence of @entity1491 are reported as approximately 10%, but are four times greater in the basosquamous cell @entity5 . The incidence of @entity3 with the basosquamous cell @entity5 has been reported in between 37% and 51% of cases. The second case represented involvement of the orbit by direct extension of a @entity957 . As illustrated by this case, these @entity5 can be very aggressive and should be treated with respect. The third case showed the metastatic potential of the @entity3969 with @entity3 that involved the eye, orbit, and maxilla. Diagnostic techniques available in evaluation of these @entity5 include CT scan, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, ultrasound, open biopsy, and fine-needle aspiration. Li et al., in an article that compared MR imaging, CT scan, and ultrasound concluded that MR imaging, with the use of the 0.15 T resistive magnet, offered no distinct advantage over the combination of CT and ultrasound in evaluation of @entity1 with @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Secondary and XXXX of the orbit.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'facial squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous basosquamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['ordinary basal cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['nephroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic tumors']


abstract: The authors describe autopsy cases of primary extranodal @entity1893 of the oral regions in 11 (8%) of 134 @entity1 : 10 were clinical stage IE, and one was IIE. Histologic subtypes of each @entity706 included the diffuse large cell type (8 cases), diffuse mixed type (2 cases) and Burkitt's type (1 case) according to the @entity706 Study Group (JLSG) classification. All patients received anti-lymphomatous chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Nine cases had active disease, 3/9 manifesting @entity1778 . Nodes were involved. There was involvement of cervical lymph nodes in 7 (64%). Viscera most commonly involved were, in order of decreasing frequency: lung, kidney, pancreas, liver, spleen, heart, gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow, and adrenal gland. It is apparent that primary extranodal @entity1893 of the oral region arise in a single focus, and extensions of the disease are not random. The primary lesions spread to regional lymph nodes by way of lymphatic channels, and to extranodal organs of the intrathoracic and intraabdominal regions by contiguous direct invasion of adjacent organs and by blood-borne @entity3 . Wide spread dissemination at the time of @entity204 was found in 6 cases and 3 modes of spreading were observed.

title: Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's XXXX of the oral region: analysis of 11 autopsy cases.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Japanese Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: Copies of death certificates were provided by the Registrar General for all @entity204 attributed to @entity565 in @entity1 aged 5 to 34 years which were registered in England and Wales in the last quarter of 1966 and the first quarter of 1967. Information was obtained from the relevant general practitioners about 177 of the 184 subjects, and necropsy data were obtained for 113 of the 124 cases in which a post-mortem examination was known to have been made. Ninety-eight per cent. of the subjects for whom evidence was obtained were known to have been suffering from @entity565 , and signs of severe @entity565 (overdistended lungs and small bronchi plugged with mucus) were found in 91% of necropsies (57% of all @entity204 ). Evidence that death might have been due to any other pathological condition was rare. @entity204 was sudden and unexpected in 81% of the subjects (137 out of 171), and 59% of all @entity204 were referred to coroners. In 39% of cases (67 out of 171) the practitioner had not regarded the @entity1 as suffering from severe @entity565 in his terminal episode. @entity288 and sympathomimetic preparations were the only drugs to have been used by a large proportion of @entity1 . Two-thirds of the @entity1 had received corticosteroids before the terminal episode, but detailed information about their use provided no suggestion that excess use could have been responsible for any large proportion of the @entity204 . Eighty-four per cent. of the @entity1 were known to have used pressurized aerosol bronchodilators, and several instances of their use in excess were described. Routine inquiries about their use in the hours immediately preceding death were not made, and further evidence is required before their effect can be assessed adequately.

title: Investigation into use of drugs preceding death from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The organization and sequence of the rDNA multigene family of four @entity238 species (melanogaster, orena, virilis and hydei) have been compared in order to understand the quality and quantity of the differences which are involved with interspecific divergence of promoters and the polymerase I complexes (molecular coevolution). Each species has an intergenic spacer (IGS) made up of subrepeats which contain duplications of the promoter. Major structural and point-mutational differences exist, most of which have been spread by unequal crossingover through the family and species. Structural differences involve the types, lengths and copy-number of the IGS subrepeats, and the lengths and position of "unique" regions between blocks of repeats. The 240 base-pair repeat array shared by @entity238 and D. orena has been replaced by a 220 base-pair repeat, and the 95 and 330 base-pair arrays are absent altogether in @entity18308 and D. hydei. The length of the "unique" region between the 240/220 base-pair arrays and the start of transcription varies, with the unusual situation of the last of the 220 repeats ending at the external transcribed spacer (ETS) boundary in @entity18308 . Other structural differences involve regions of high cryptic simplicity arising from slippage in @entity18308 and D. hydei IGSs. Sequence analysis of IGS and the ETSs indicates that the rDNA is not uniformly divergent throughout its length. Apart from the genes, there are regions of relatively high conservation covering the promoter regions and at some but not all potential RNA processing sites. The conserved promoter regions are more extensive within each pair of species @entity238 versus D. orena and @entity18308 versus D. hydei, in keeping with their phylogenetic distances. Slippage-like mechanisms are involved with large numbers of deletions/insertions that make up the ETS differences between the species. Patterns of shared mutations between IGS subrepeats indicate stages of transition during rDNA differentiation by continual homogenization. The simultaneous operation of different turnover mechanisms, at different periodicities and rates, generates a complex picture of reorganization, some of which would influence the process of molecular coevolution in the family.

title: Evolutionary divergence of promoters and spacers in the rDNA family of four XXXX species. Implications for molecular coevolution in multigene families.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila', 'D. melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: The cornerstone for radiographic evaluation of genitourinary @entity130 is intravenous pyelography (IVP). Despite its widespread use, however, the indications for emergency IVP in @entity130 remain controversial. Some authors recommend the use of an IVP for all @entity1 with @entity811 , while others are selective, basing their decision on the degree of @entity811 or such other factors as the mechanism of injury, physical examination, or the presence of associated injuries. Based on the data reviewed for blunt and penetrating @entity130 , we recommend that an IVP be performed in: all @entity1 with gross @entity811 ; all @entity1 who present with @entity158 or tenderness that could be referrable to the genitourinary tract, even in the absence of @entity811 ; all @entity1 with flank @entity1410 or ecchymosis; and all @entity1 with penetrating @entity130 that could reasonably be expected to injure the genitourinary tract. Recently computed tomography (CT) has been proposed for the evaluation of renal @entity130 . The CT proponents cite superior definition of the extent of @entity8 and superior detection of injuries not clinically suspected. Some have proposed the following algorithm, incorporating computed tomography. If an isolated @entity8 is suspected clinically, an emergency IVP is performed. If the IVP is normal, expectant conservative treatment follows. If the IVP is abnormal or if the @entity1 has persistent symptoms, an emergency CT scan is performed. Furthermore computed tomography is performed initially in the stable @entity1 with @entity1230 and in the @entity1 with suspected severe @entity8 . While this algorithm has not been universally accepted, future studies confirming the theoretical advantages of this approach are anticipated.

title: Indications for intravenous pyelography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: H466-B and T47-D @entity0 cell lines were treated with recombinant gamma interferon (r gamma IFN) to study major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II antigen responses. Untreated H466-B cells released @entity6393 ( @entity6393 ) into the culture medium and expressed @entity6393 and class I heavy chain on 100% of the cells. The expression of class II antigens (DR) was limited to 8 +/- 4% of the cells. This subpopulation was isolated by cell sorting and labelled with 35S @entity1853 . Protein extracts were immunoprecipitated with anti-DR antibody and subjected to two dimensional non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). A normal pattern of expression of invariant, alpha and beta chains was shown. The MHC antigenic expression of H466-B parental cell line was not modified by interferon treatment. Untreated T47-D cells did not release @entity6393 into the culture medium, expressed @entity6393 and class I heavy chain on 100% of the cells but did not express class II molecules using radio-immunoassay or 2D-PAGE. As early as 24 h after r gamma IFN addition, T47-D cells released @entity6393 into the medium, @entity6393 and class I heavy chain were significantly greater than that of untreated cells, and class II antigenic expression was found, all these in a dose dependent manner. 2D-PAGE analysis of class II antigens revealed the profile of @entity1 DR molecules but this expression seemed incomplete since only single alpha and beta spots were detected suggesting a possible defect in the sialilation of DR molecules. These results show a heterogeneity in MHC antigenic responses to r gamma IFN and suggest that synthetized class II molecules may be incompletely processed.

title: Quantitative modifications of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens induced by recombinant gamma interferon in two @entity1 XXXX lines.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: H466-B and T47-D @entity0 cell lines were treated with recombinant gamma interferon (r gamma IFN) to study major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II antigen responses. Untreated H466-B cells released @entity6393 ( @entity6393 ) into the culture medium and expressed @entity6393 and class I heavy chain on 100% of the cells. The expression of class II antigens (DR) was limited to 8 +/- 4% of the cells. This subpopulation was isolated by cell sorting and labelled with 35S @entity1853 . Protein extracts were immunoprecipitated with anti-DR antibody and subjected to two dimensional non-equilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). A normal pattern of expression of invariant, alpha and beta chains was shown. The MHC antigenic expression of H466-B parental cell line was not modified by interferon treatment. Untreated T47-D cells did not release @entity6393 into the culture medium, expressed @entity6393 and class I heavy chain on 100% of the cells but did not express class II molecules using radio-immunoassay or 2D-PAGE. As early as 24 h after r gamma IFN addition, T47-D cells released @entity6393 into the medium, @entity6393 and class I heavy chain were significantly greater than that of untreated cells, and class II antigenic expression was found, all these in a dose dependent manner. 2D-PAGE analysis of class II antigens revealed the profile of @entity1 DR molecules but this expression seemed incomplete since only single alpha and beta spots were detected suggesting a possible defect in the sialilation of DR molecules. These results show a heterogeneity in MHC antigenic responses to r gamma IFN and suggest that synthetized class II molecules may be incompletely processed.

title: Quantitative modifications of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens induced by recombinant gamma interferon in two XXXX @entity0 lines.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Seventy-nine @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 were treated with fast neutron therapy at the Hammersmith Hospital, MRC Cyclotron Unit. Sixty-six of these, treated between 1971 and 1983 were assessable. The histology was reviewed and graded in 82% of cases and @entity5 divided into groups according to maximum diameter. In sixteen @entity1 , who were irradiated following complete macroscopic removal of @entity5 , there was 94% local control and 86% survived 5 years. Of the 50 @entity1 who had gross @entity5 present 62% were greater than 10 cm in diameter, and 20 were recurrent after previous radiotherapy or surgery or both. Sixty-eight per cent of gross @entity5 completely regressed and local control was 52%. The main cause of death was metastatic spread, and median survival was 63 months for Grade 1 @entity1 , 9 months for Grade 2, and 7 months for Grade 3. Thus, there was a significant advantage to @entity1 with Grade 1 @entity5 but little difference between Grades 2 and 3. Twenty-seven @entity1 experienced late complications of treatment, 67% of which involved the skin predominantly and were related to the low energy of neutrons used. Seventeen of the 27 had received previous radiotherapy. Neutron therapy given in this dose and fractionation produced a higher local control rate than photon therapy, but complications were more frequent. Since these mainly involved the skin a lower level of complications may be anticipated using higher energy neutrons which will have a more even distribution of dose and lower skin dosage. Forty-eight per cent of @entity1 developed @entity3 , indicating the need for effective systemic therapy, especially in Grades 2 and 3 @entity5 .

title: Fast neutron therapy for soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: One hundred and thirteen cases of recurrent and/or unresectable @entity5 , treated with fast neutron therapy at Fermilab between September 1976 and December 1984, are analyzed for local control, sites of failure, and treatment-related morbidity. Sixty-three @entity1 had major and 55 had @entity5 . Local control was achieved in 67% of @entity1 with major and 58% of @entity1 with @entity5 . In the subgroup of @entity1 with oropharyngeal and oral cavity lesions, 19/24 (80%) had local control. However, only four of 15 @entity1 with @entity5 had successful control of their disease. Seventy-four percent of @entity1 with lesions measuring 5 cm or less and 30% of @entity1 with larger lesions had their local disease controlled. Histology did not influence the local control rate. Both observed and adjusted median survival for @entity1 with major @entity5 was 36 months. Disease-free survival was 31 months. Observed and adjusted median survivals for @entity1 with @entity5 are 48 and 57 months respectively. Twenty of 86 @entity1 (23%) had major morbidity; this was directly related to the total dose delivered. In the dose range 20-24 Gy the complication rate was 16%. Most of these complications were successfully managed with minimal functional disability. We have concluded that fast neutron irradiation is an appropriate treatment for @entity5 .

title: An update on XXXX treated with neutrons at Fermilab.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['minor salivary gland tumors', 'salivary gland tumors', 'maxillary antrum tumors', 'malignant salivary gland tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant salivary gland tumors']


abstract: The large majority of @entity14 are well or moderately differentiated @entity420 . Their biological behavior is not as malignant as that of @entity5 , with a tendency of slow growth and limited spread. Surgery is therefore the first choice for management of these @entity5 even in cases @entity5 is not expected, surgery is useful for the prolongation or improvement of the quality of life. However, the correct choice of operation for such cases is very important. The extent of resection and dissection must be decided based upon the degree of @entity5 spread. Both must be sufficient, but not excessive. In cases in the early stage where cancerous growth has not spread beyond the submucosal layer, local or segmental excision may be a good enough treatment. On the other hand, for far advanced @entity5 involving adjacent organs, combined resection and pelvic evisceration is curatively effective. Several pathological findings of resected specimens influencing prognosis were investigated in the present study. In cases which appeared to be diffuse infiltrative spreading type in macroscopic appearance or poorly differentiated, undifferentiated, or mucinous types of @entity5 in their histological features, survival rates were low. However, these were uncommon and over half of them were much too far advanced to receive curative resection. Irradiation combined with @entity221 or heavy chemotherapy were applied, but were mostly ineffective. For these uncommon types of cases as well as far advanced cases, we have no effective treatment other than surgery at this time.

title: [Treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['where complete removal of the tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The hormonal characteristics of anorchism are elevated basal levels of gonadotropins, especially follicle-stimulating hormone and a low concentration of plasma @entity251 that fails to increase after the administration of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin. However, little is known about the dynamics of plasma gonadotropin secretion in @entity1 and @entity1 with anorchism. We analyzed plasma gonadotropin concentrations and their responses to luteinizing hormone releasing factor, along with plasma @entity251 responses to @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin, in 9 @entity1 with surgically proved bilateral anorchism. Basal concentrations of gonadotropins, especially plasma follicle-stimulating hormone, are elevated above normal during the first 3 to 4 years of life, decrease gradually to normal prepubertal levels and then increase again after age 9 years. This age-dependent diphasic pattern of gonadotropin secretion is comparable to that described previously in @entity1 with the syndrome of @entity444 and it is consistent with @entity134 -independent central nervous system inhibition of pulsatile luteinizing hormone releasing factor secretion during mid childhood. Moreover, a sex difference in follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone values was observed; the mean follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations in anorchid @entity1 less than 3 years old were lower than in @entity1 with @entity2689 . We suggest that this sex dichotomy is a consequence, at least in part, of the actions of @entity251 derived from the fetal testis on the fetal hypothalamus. Luteinizing hormone releasing factor administration to anorchid male subjects resulted in an age-dependent augmented release of gonadotropin, particularly follicle-stimulating hormone. This study emphasizes that the age of the @entity1 must be considered when interpreting basal gonadotropin levels. We also propose that in mid childhood the luteinizing hormone releasing factor test in conjunction with the @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin stimulation test is a more accurate hormonal indicator of @entity1 with congenital anorchism than either the @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin test or basal gonadotropin concentrations.

title: Ontogeny of gonadotropin secretion in congenital anorchism: sexual dimorphism versus syndrome of XXXX and diagnostic considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ["Turner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']

answer: @entity444 :: (MESH:D006059,Disease) :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']


abstract: Trisomic and normal control embryos 9.5 through 12 gestational days were examined externally and on serial section with standard light microscopy techniques. Trisomic embryos showed significant retardation in length, weight, optic angle, and somite numbers at most times (p less than .05), and were 1/2 day behind normal animals in overall development. The eye showed the most defects, and these appeared at every period. They included @entity4118 , large intraretinal space, and dysmorphia of optic cup layers. @entity75 were found at all times. The most common were narrow brain vesicles and folding of the vesicle walls. Some animals showed @entity601 . The major defect in neural crest derivatives was deficient frontonasal processes in the most defective embryos. The study supports the conclusion of previous investigators that @entity12081 is a syndrome of growth and @entity851 with a wide range of defects. Definitive evidence, previously lacking, indicates that @entity245 and defective morphogenesis are apparent before 11 days of gestation. In addition, according to our measurements, optic angles are larger in trisomic @entity19 than in normal littermates. This is in contrast to the only previous investigation that included such measurements. Our data do not give definitive support to the suggestion that trisomy 1 belongs to the holoprosencephaly- @entity10146 spectrum. However, the hypothesis that @entity19 trisomy 1 shows a parallel in development to @entity1 trisomy 13 is not supported by our data. Possible causal mechanisms for the defects and @entity245 are discussed.

title: Development of the embryonic trisomy 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental retardation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain defects']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['neural tube defects']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity884 involving right-sided valvular structures is largely a disease of intravenous drug abusers. The majority of these @entity1 respond to antibiotic therapy with clearing of their @entity2259 and preservation of their hemodynamic status. This study evaluated the prognostic value of echocardiographically determined vegetation size in 23 episodes of right-sided @entity340 in 21 @entity1 . Right-sided vegetations were visualized in 19 of 23 episodes (83 percent). Of these, a vegetation of 1.0 cm or greater was found in 11. No @entity1 with an echocardiographically determined vegetation size of less than 1.0 cm required surgery, whereas four of 11 (36 percent) of those episodes in which the vegetation size was 1.0 cm or greater required surgery for persistent pyrexia (p less than 0.05). In all @entity1 requiring surgery, a bioprosthetic tricuspid valve was placed at the time of initial surgery and in no @entity1 did early reinfection occur. This study reconfirms the benign prognosis of right-sided @entity340 . Further, although vegetations of less than 1.0 cm identify those @entity1 who will respond to medical therapy, echocardiographically documented vegetations of 1.0 cm or greater are associated with a significantly lower response rate to appropriate medical therapy. The association of fever that persists for more than three weeks in the absence of another source of infection with an echocardiographically demonstrable right-sided vegetation of 1 cm or more identifies those @entity1 who will require surgical intervention. Finally, tricuspid valve replacement can be performed at the time of initial surgery without undue concern for early reinfection or @entity340 .

title: Influence of vegetation size on clinical outcome of right-sided XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular endocarditis', 'valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: Serum TSH was determined photometrically by a recently developed enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on the use of a monoclonal antihuman @entity8531 antibody and a polyclonal antiTSH antibody coupled to horseradish peroxidase. The results obtained in @entity1 with various @entity1374 and in normal controls were compared with those achieved by conventional double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA). In normal subjects, serum TSH was detectable in all cases by EIA (values ranging from 0.27 to 5.1 mU/L), but only in 76% by RIA. Ninety-two percent of hyperthyroids had undetectable serum TSH by EIA and the remaining 8% had values between 0.2 and 0.4 mU/L. In clinically euthyroid @entity1 with @entity5651 , 9% had undetectable serum TSH by EIA, suggesting the presence of autonomously functioning areas within the thyroid. Serum TSH under basal conditions and after @entity1218 stimulation was measured in 45 @entity1 on @entity1955 suppressive therapy. Undetectable basal serum TSH by EIA was associated with a lack of TSH response to @entity1218 in 95% of cases. Conversely, 37.5% of @entity1 with undetectable basal serum TSH by RIA had a normal or blunted response to @entity1218 . Detectable basal values were predictive of a normal response to @entity1218 by both methods. These data indicate that basal serum TSH measurement by EIA allows an almost complete differentiation of normal from @entity3935 @entity1 and can avoid the need of the @entity1218 stimulation test.

title: Serum TSH measurements by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay discriminate euthyroid from hyperthyroid subjects and avoid the need for XXXX test during suppressive therapy with @entity1955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['nontoxic goiter']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1218 :: (CHEBI:35940,Chemical) :: ['TRH']


abstract: Serum TSH was determined photometrically by a recently developed enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on the use of a monoclonal antihuman @entity8531 antibody and a polyclonal antiTSH antibody coupled to horseradish peroxidase. The results obtained in @entity1 with various @entity1374 and in normal controls were compared with those achieved by conventional double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA). In normal subjects, serum TSH was detectable in all cases by EIA (values ranging from 0.27 to 5.1 mU/L), but only in 76% by RIA. Ninety-two percent of hyperthyroids had undetectable serum TSH by EIA and the remaining 8% had values between 0.2 and 0.4 mU/L. In clinically euthyroid @entity1 with @entity5651 , 9% had undetectable serum TSH by EIA, suggesting the presence of autonomously functioning areas within the thyroid. Serum TSH under basal conditions and after @entity1218 stimulation was measured in 45 @entity1 on @entity1955 suppressive therapy. Undetectable basal serum TSH by EIA was associated with a lack of TSH response to @entity1218 in 95% of cases. Conversely, 37.5% of @entity1 with undetectable basal serum TSH by RIA had a normal or blunted response to @entity1218 . Detectable basal values were predictive of a normal response to @entity1218 by both methods. These data indicate that basal serum TSH measurement by EIA allows an almost complete differentiation of normal from @entity3935 @entity1 and can avoid the need of the @entity1218 stimulation test.

title: Serum TSH measurements by a sensitive enzyme immunoassay discriminate euthyroid from hyperthyroid subjects and avoid the need for @entity1218 test during suppressive therapy with XXXX .

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['L-thyroxine']


abstract: An X-ray irradiation method was employed to analyse the role of cell proliferation in vitro in the cleft formation of @entity19 embryonic submandibular epithelium at early stages. When the mid 12-day gland was exposed to 200 rad of X-rays, the growth was severely retarded. In contrast, late 12-day and early 13-day glands grew apparently in a normal fashion, as did the control gland, for up to 40 h. In either case, they formed shallow clefts within 10 h of culture. With 1000 rad irradiation, the mid 12-day gland did not grow at all, but formed clefts within 20 h of culture followed by a rapid degeneration. Under the same conditions, the growth of the late 12-day gland, which was at the stage just before branching, was retarded until 10 h of culture, followed by a slight increase in epithelial size, but cleft formation was also observed within 6-10 h, as in the control gland. When exposed to a dose of 1000 rad of X-rays, the early 13-day and the late 12-day glands exhibited similar radiosensitivity; the @entity2419 in the epithelium deepened and new clefts began to form within 6-10 h of culture. @entity665 incorporation studies revealed that a dose of 1000 rad reduced DNA synthesis of mid and late 12-day glands by 72 and 65%, respectively. Histological examination of X-irradiated late 12-day gland showed that mitotic figures were rarely seen in the epithelium at 6 h of culture. @entity7091 , a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis, could not halt the cleft formation of the late 12-day gland. In this experiment 89% of DNA synthesis was inhibited. Treatment of an X-ray irradiated late 12-day gland with @entity7091 blocked 92% of the DNA synthesis, but did not prevent cleft formation taking place. These results indicate that neither cell division nor DNA synthesis, is required for the initiation process of the cleft formation of the @entity19 embryonic submandibular epithelium at early morphogenetic stages in vitro.

title: Cell proliferation is not required for the initiation of early cleft formation in XXXX embryonic submandibular epithelium in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['initial narrow clefts']

entities_list: @entity7091 :: ('MESH:D016590', 'Chemical') :: ['aphidicolin', 'Aphidicolin']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity189 and adnexa commonly simulates other entities both clinically and pathologically. Between 1905 and 1981, 43 @entity1 with sebaceous @entity189 were seen at the Mayo Clinic. Prior to establishing the diagnosis of @entity189 , @entity1 commonly carried multiple clinical diagnoses (mean = 2.2) and multiple microscopic diagnosis (mean = 1.7). The most common clinical diagnosis was chalazion. The @entity1 ' average age at the onset of symptoms was 61.5, with females predominating. The upper eyelid was most commonly involved. The conjunctival surface was involved alone in a statistically greater number of @entity1 with @entity3 (P less than 0.05). Second @entity5 and/or radiation exposure was found in 11 @entity1 , or 25% of our series. Of the second @entity5 , @entity5 of the skin and breast were most common. @entity189 should be suspect in atypical presentations of common disorders and in cases in which clinical and pathologic findings are not well correlated. If sebaceous @entity189 is a diagnostic consideration, we recommend a frozen section with fat stain together with a full-thickness lid biopsy. Surveillance for second @entity5 may be warranted.

title: XXXX : pitfalls in diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary malignancies', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the eyelid', 'Sebaceous carcinoma', 'Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid', 'sebaceous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity447 have low bone density than healthy controls. It is now widely recognized that physical activity and sports are beneficial for @entity1 with @entity447 . OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of mild and moderate intensity treadmill walking exercises on markers of bone metabolism and hand @entity10339 strength in male @entity1 with moderate @entity447 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty male @entity1 with moderate @entity447 , and age range from 25 to 45 years. The subjects were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups; the first group (A) received moderate intensity aerobic exercise training. The second group (B) received mild intensity aerobic exercise training. RESULTS: There was a 32.1% and 24.8% increase in mean values of serum @entity460 and hand @entity10339 strength respectively and 22.7 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in moderate exercise training group (A). While there was a 15.1 % and 15 % increase in mean values of Serum @entity460 and Hand @entity10339 strength respectively and 10.3 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in mild exercise training group(B). The mean values of serum @entity460 and hand @entity10339 strength were significantly increased, while the mean values of parathyroid hormone were significantly decreased in both groups . There were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment. CONCLUSION: Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training on treadmill is appropriate to improve markers of bone metabolism and hand @entity10339 strength in male @entity1 with @entity447 .

title: Impact of Mild versus Moderate Intensity Aerobic Walking Exercise Training on Markers of Bone Metabolism and Hand XXXX Strength in Moderate Hemophilic A @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'hemophilia A']

answer: @entity10339 :: (23426,Gene) :: ['Grip']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity447 have low bone density than healthy controls. It is now widely recognized that physical activity and sports are beneficial for @entity1 with @entity447 . OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of mild and moderate intensity treadmill walking exercises on markers of bone metabolism and hand @entity10339 strength in male @entity1 with moderate @entity447 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty male @entity1 with moderate @entity447 , and age range from 25 to 45 years. The subjects were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups; the first group (A) received moderate intensity aerobic exercise training. The second group (B) received mild intensity aerobic exercise training. RESULTS: There was a 32.1% and 24.8% increase in mean values of serum @entity460 and hand @entity10339 strength respectively and 22.7 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in moderate exercise training group (A). While there was a 15.1 % and 15 % increase in mean values of Serum @entity460 and Hand @entity10339 strength respectively and 10.3 % reduction in mean values of parathyroid hormone in mild exercise training group(B). The mean values of serum @entity460 and hand @entity10339 strength were significantly increased, while the mean values of parathyroid hormone were significantly decreased in both groups . There were significant differences between mean levels of the investigated parameters in group (A) and group (B) after treatment. CONCLUSION: Moderate intensity aerobic exercise training on treadmill is appropriate to improve markers of bone metabolism and hand @entity10339 strength in male @entity1 with @entity447 .

title: Impact of Mild versus Moderate Intensity Aerobic Walking Exercise Training on Markers of Bone Metabolism and Hand @entity10339 Strength in Moderate Hemophilic A XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and endovascular treatment of @entity5487 (PICA) @entity439 . METHODS: 11 consecutive @entity1 (7 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 , mean age of 49.2 years) with @entity5487 were studied retrospectively. All had onset of acute intraventricular or @entity548 , and @entity510 ( @entity510 ). Hunt-Hess (HH) grades were H-H I in 1 @entity1 , H-H II in 5 @entity1 , H-H 111 in 4 @entity1 and H-H IV in 1 @entity1 on admission. RESULTS: All @entity1 were treated by endovascular treatment, seven cases got endosaccular coiling and four cases got parent @entity432 at the same time. All the @entity1 were followed up one to four years. Recurrences occurred in 1 @entity1 two years post-treatment, and were successfully retreated by endosaccular coiling and parent @entity432 . The occluded PICA was recanalized one year post-treatment but without any growth of the @entity439 in one case. One year post-treatment, 2 @entity1 had a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0, 8 @entity1 had a mRS score of 1 and 1 @entity1 had a mRS score of 2. CONCLUSIONS: Coiling of ruptured distal PICA aneury, with or without parent vessel occlusion, was feasible, relatively safe and effective in preventing early/medium-term rebleeding. A strict angiographic follow-up, however, was necessary to detect recurrence.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX : report of 11 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured distal PICA aneurysms', 'ruptured distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity5487 :: (MESH:D014854,Disease) :: ['ruptured distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with mild @entity131 ( @entity131 ) as defined by an admission Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS) of 14-15 often do not require neurosurgical interventions, but which @entity1 will go on to require neurosurgical care has been difficult to predict. We hypothesized that injury patterns would be associated with need for eventual neurosurgical intervention in mild @entity131 . METHODS: The National @entity130 Databank (2007-2012) was queried for @entity1 with @entity1913 and a diagnosis of @entity131 with an emergency department GCS of 14-15. @entity1 were stratified by age and @entity130 . Multiple logistic regression for neurosurgical intervention was run with @entity1 demographics, physiologic variables, and injury diagnoses as dependent variables. RESULTS: The study included 50,496 @entity1 , with an overall 8.8  % rate of neurosurgical intervention. Neurosurgical intervention rates varied markedly according to @entity130 , and were only correlated with age for @entity1 with epidural and @entity548 . In multiple logistic regression, @entity131 diagnoses were predictive of need for neurosurgical interventions; moreover, after controlling for @entity130 and severity score, age was not significantly associated with requiring neurosurgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: We found that in mild @entity131 , injury pattern is associated with eventual need for neurosurgical intervention. @entity1 with @entity131 or @entity510 are much less likely to require neurosurgical intervention, and the effects of age are not significant after controlling for other @entity1 factors. Prospective studies should validate this finding so that treatment guidelines can be updated to better allocate ICU resources.

title: Prediction of neurosurgical intervention after mild XXXX using the national @entity130 data bank.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury', 'cerebral contusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'injury type']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']