abstract: Probiotics could represent an effective alternative to the use of synthetic substances in nutrition and medicine. The data concerning the efficacy of probiotics are often contradictory. This paper focuses on the enhancement of the efficacy of probiotics by their combination with synergistically acting components of natural origin. Maltodextrins can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch and are suitable for consumption. Administration of @entity6983 together with maltodextrin decreased the number of @entity526 colonising the jejunal mucosa of gnotobiotic piglets by 1 logarithm compared to the control group. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally occurring oligosaccharides, mainly of plant origin. @entity6983 administered in combination with FOS significantly increased counts of @entity6983 spp., Bifidobacterium spp., total anaerobes and total aerobes compared to the control group as well as the @entity6983 group. It also significantly decreased Clostridium and Enterobacterium counts in the faeces of the weanling piglets compared with the control group. Dietary lipids influence the gastrointestinal microbiota and specifically the population of @entity880 bacteria. In gnotobiotic piglets the oral administration of an oil containing @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) significantly increased the number of @entity6983 adhering to jejunal mucosa compared to the control group. Our results showed that maltodextrin KMS X-70 and @entity5204 can be used to enhance the effect of probiotic micro-organisms in the small intestine, and similarly FOS enhance the effect of probiotic micro-organisms in the large intestine.

title: Improvement of the probiotic effect of micro-organisms by their combination with maltodextrins, fructo-oligosaccharides and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity6983 :: ('1597', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus paracasei', 'L. paracasei', 'Lactobacillus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1474 :: (MESH:D005231,Chemical) :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endometrial polyps are common benign gynaecologic disorders. The etiopathogenesis of this condition remains unclear, however @entity28 is an important risk factor for the development of @entity1478 . AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible association between @entity1478 of @entity209 ( @entity209 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with @entity1478 (study group) and 45 without (control group) were included in this cross-sectional study. The main parameters evaluated between the groups were age, BMI (body mass index), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, serum lipid profiles, fasting @entity413 levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of BMI, WC, insulin levels and HOMA-IR (P  <  0.05). The @entity209 was present in 32 (71.1%) of @entity1 in the study group and in 6 (13.3%) in the control group (P  <  0.001). Logistic regression demonstrated that @entity209 was a significant risk factor for @entity1478 . ROC curve analysis also showed that @entity209 was the most significant discriminative risk factor in the study group with an AUC of 0.789 (0.691-0.887; CI 95%). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that there may be a relationship between @entity1478 and insulin resistance. Further studies are required to explain the role of this relationship in the pathogenesis of the disease.

title: The association between XXXX : A case-control study.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps, MetS', 'endometrial polyps', 'endometrial polyps and clinical parameters']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['endometrial polyps and metabolic syndrome']


abstract: Although tailored print materials (TPMs) have been assessed for a variety of behavioral targets, their effectiveness as decision aids for genetic testing had not been evaluated at the time this study began. We compared TPMs and non-tailored print material (NPMs) that included similar content about genetic testing for @entity5344 susceptibility. TPMs were prepared especially for an individual based on information from and about her. We mailed baseline surveys to 461 @entity1 referred by physicians or identified through a @entity5 registry. All had personal and family histories of @entity5344 and, on the basis of these histories, an estimated > or =10% probability of carrying a mutation in the @entity5344 genes @entity5345 or @entity2674 . The 325 (70%) who responded were randomly assigned to receive TPM or NPM. Followup surveys, mailed 2 weeks following receipt of print materials, were returned by 262 @entity1 (81% of baseline responders). @entity1 were predominately white (94%) and well-educated (50% college graduates). The mean age was 49 years. At follow-up, TPM recipients exhibited significantly greater improvement in percent of correct responses for the 13-item true/false measure of knowledge (24% increase for TPM vs. 16% for NPM; p < 0.0001) and significantly less over-estimation of risk of being a mutation carrier (40% TPM group overestimated vs. 70% NPM; p < 0.0001). @entity148 did not differ significantly between groups. Reactions to materials differed on two items: "seemed to be prepared just for me" (76% TPM vs. 52% NPM; p < 0.001) and "told me what I wanted to know about @entity6069 testing" (98% TPM vs. 91% NPM; p < 0.05). TPMs showed an advantage in increasing knowledge and enhancing accuracy of perceived risk. Both are critical components of informed decision making.

title: Pre-counseling education materials for XXXX testing: does tailoring make a difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast and/or ovarian cancer', 'breast/ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA']


abstract: Pagetoid @entity189 in situ ( @entity2735 ) is a rare variant of @entity150 that is characterized by an intraepithelial proliferation of large cells arranged singly or in clusters and randomly distributed. These @entity5 deserve recognition and attention, chiefly because they may be overlooked or misdiagnosed as @entity1141 , then causing unsuspected @entity5 recurrence after surgery. We report on the clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical findings of 11 (14.86%) cases of pagetoid @entity2735 in a retrospective study of 74 cases of @entity189 in situ. Most @entity1 were male ( n=10). Their ages ranged from 31 years to 78 years. The lesion can be present with primary ( n=2) or secondary ( n=9) @entity2735 . Pagetoid @entity2735 is usually a focal lesion occurring in a clinical and histological setting of conventional @entity2735 , and these @entity1 essentially have the same progression and survival rates as @entity1 without pagetoid changes and are treated in the same way. In cases with extensive urothelial denudation, pagetoid @entity2735 may be focally present in otherwise normal-looking urothelium, thus alerting the pathologist to search for additional @entity2735 elsewhere in the bladder. Given that primary extramammary Paget disease of the external genitalia and of the anal canal may extend to the bladder and, conversely, some bladder cases of pagetoid @entity2735 may extend to the urethra, ureter, and beyond to the external genitalia, the differential diagnoses between these two entities represent an important therapeutic consideration. Our data suggest that a panel of immunostains including @entity5822 +/ @entity2225 +/TM+ may assist in differentiating urothelial pagetoid @entity2735 from extramammary Paget disease which is known to be @entity5822 +/ @entity2225 -.

title: The pagetoid variant of bladder XXXX in situ A clinicopathological study of 11 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['conventional carcinoma', 'urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial dysplasia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: A case of plasmacytoma of the @entity1143 is reported with massive @entity3483 , which, most unusually, lacked @entity1581 , thereby making it difficult to distinguish from @entity706 . The @entity5 and @entity1143 contained large mononuclear @entity706 -like cells with distinct nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry revealed neither @entity706 markers nor clonal cytoplasmic nor cell surface immunoglobulins. @entity5 cells were stained with vimentin and the plasma cell markers, VS38c, @entity13221 ( @entity13221 ), and @entity14546 antibodies. Bone marrow contained small amounts of @entity5 consisting of similar cells. Electron microscopy showed well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and peripherally positioned nuclei with euchromatin. Flow cytometry of bone marrow revealed a minimal involvement of @entity3053 -positive cells. Chromosomal analysis of marrow cells revealed a complex abnormal karyotype. A polymerase chain reaction demonstrated clonal re-arrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene. The overall results indicate a clonal expansion of @entity5 cells with primitive plasma cell differentiation with the highly unusual feature of absent monotypic immunoglobulin. The study illustrates the need for a comprehensive array of techniques to distinguish such rare non-synthesizing and non-secretory plasmacytomas from @entity706 .

title: Anaplastic plasmacytoma with XXXX lacking evidence of @entity1581 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'pleural tumor']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusion']

answer: @entity3483 :: (MESH:D016066,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural effusion']


abstract: A case of plasmacytoma of the @entity1143 is reported with massive @entity3483 , which, most unusually, lacked @entity1581 , thereby making it difficult to distinguish from @entity706 . The @entity5 and @entity1143 contained large mononuclear @entity706 -like cells with distinct nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry revealed neither @entity706 markers nor clonal cytoplasmic nor cell surface immunoglobulins. @entity5 cells were stained with vimentin and the plasma cell markers, VS38c, @entity13221 ( @entity13221 ), and @entity14546 antibodies. Bone marrow contained small amounts of @entity5 consisting of similar cells. Electron microscopy showed well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and peripherally positioned nuclei with euchromatin. Flow cytometry of bone marrow revealed a minimal involvement of @entity3053 -positive cells. Chromosomal analysis of marrow cells revealed a complex abnormal karyotype. A polymerase chain reaction demonstrated clonal re-arrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene. The overall results indicate a clonal expansion of @entity5 cells with primitive plasma cell differentiation with the highly unusual feature of absent monotypic immunoglobulin. The study illustrates the need for a comprehensive array of techniques to distinguish such rare non-synthesizing and non-secretory plasmacytomas from @entity706 .

title: Anaplastic plasmacytoma with @entity3483 lacking evidence of XXXX .

answer: @entity1581 :: (MESH:D010265,Disease) :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Perfusion-diffusion mismatch in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the non-core hypoperfused area in acute @entity385 . The mismatch has been used to predict clinical response after thrombolysis in acute @entity385 , but its role for predicting early @entity16 (END) in acute @entity385 without thrombolysis has not been clarified yet. In this study, we prospectively recruited 54 @entity1 with acute non-lacunar @entity385 in anterior circulation without thrombolysis. All @entity1 received the first perfusion MRI within 24 hours from @entity64 onset. Target mismatch profile was defined as a perfusion-diffusion mismatch ratio >=  1.2. END was defined as an increase of >=  4 points in the National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score within 72 hours. There were 13 (24.1%) @entity1 developing END, which was associated with larger @entity1188 growth (p = 0.002), worse modified Rankin Scale (p = 0.001) and higher mortality rate at 3 months (p = 0.025). Target mismatch profiles measured by Tmax >=  4, 5 and 6 seconds were independent predictors for END after correcting initial NIHSS score. Among the 3 Tmax thresholds, target mismatch measured by Tmax >=  6 seconds had the highest odd's ratio in predicting END (p < 0.01, odd's ratio = 17), with an 80% sensitivity and a 79.5% specificity. In conclusion, perfusion-diffusion mismatch could identify the @entity1 at high risk of early clinical worsening in acute @entity385 without thrombolysis.

title: Perfusion-diffusion mismatch predicts early XXXX in anterior circulation @entity1188 without thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological deterioration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Perfusion-diffusion mismatch in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) represents the non-core hypoperfused area in acute @entity385 . The mismatch has been used to predict clinical response after thrombolysis in acute @entity385 , but its role for predicting early @entity16 (END) in acute @entity385 without thrombolysis has not been clarified yet. In this study, we prospectively recruited 54 @entity1 with acute non-lacunar @entity385 in anterior circulation without thrombolysis. All @entity1 received the first perfusion MRI within 24 hours from @entity64 onset. Target mismatch profile was defined as a perfusion-diffusion mismatch ratio >=  1.2. END was defined as an increase of >=  4 points in the National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score within 72 hours. There were 13 (24.1%) @entity1 developing END, which was associated with larger @entity1188 growth (p = 0.002), worse modified Rankin Scale (p = 0.001) and higher mortality rate at 3 months (p = 0.025). Target mismatch profiles measured by Tmax >=  4, 5 and 6 seconds were independent predictors for END after correcting initial NIHSS score. Among the 3 Tmax thresholds, target mismatch measured by Tmax >=  6 seconds had the highest odd's ratio in predicting END (p < 0.01, odd's ratio = 17), with an 80% sensitivity and a 79.5% specificity. In conclusion, perfusion-diffusion mismatch could identify the @entity1 at high risk of early clinical worsening in acute @entity385 without thrombolysis.

title: Perfusion-diffusion mismatch predicts early @entity16 in anterior circulation XXXX without thrombolysis.

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells can mount immune response as competent antigen presenting cells. Recently, it has been reported that immature dendritic cells induce prolongation of allograft survival. However, the ability of mature dendritic cells to induce operational tolerance is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we examined the ability of splenic mature dendritic cells to induce operational tolerance to fully allogeneic antigens using @entity19 heterotopic heart transplantation model. METHODS: @entity11643 (H2k) @entity19 received i.v. injections with donor splenic dendritic cells or B cells in the absence or presence of monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for @entity4458 or @entity8271 / @entity11787 2 weeks before transplantation of a C57BL/10 (H2b) heart. RESULTS: When donor dendritic cells were injected i.v. 2 weeks before transplantation, rejection response was accelerated compared with that of naive @entity19 [ @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) = 7 and 8 days, respectively]. However, when @entity14636 pathway was blocked by anti- @entity14636 ligand mAb, i.v. injection of donor dendritic cells but not B cells induced indefinite graft survival ( @entity1349 >100 and 20 days, respectively). @entity19 treated with anti- @entity14636 ligand mAb alone rejected their grafts with a @entity1349 of 18 days. Intravenous injection of donor dendritic cells and B cells in combination with anti- @entity8271 / @entity11787 mAbs was less effective to induce graft prolongation ( @entity1349 = 9.5 and 13 days, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, under blockade of @entity14636 pathway, mature dendritic cells were tolerogens in vivo independent of @entity8271 /86 pathways.

title: Operational tolerance induced by pretreatment with donor dendritic cells under blockade of XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity14636 :: (21939(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the outcomes of more than 100 cycles of preimplantation genetic diagnosis for @entity66 . DESIGN:                 <AbstractText Label="CASE SERIES" NlmCategory="METHODS"/>                <AbstractText Label="SETTING" NlmCategory="METHODS">Tertiary assisted reproductive centre in Hong Kong, where @entity1 needed to pay for the cost of preimplantation genetic diagnosis on the top of standard in-vitro fertilisation charges. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing preimplantation genetic diagnosis for @entity66 at the Centre of Assisted Reproduction and Embryology, Queen Mary Hospital-The University of Hong Kong between 1 August 2007 and 30 April 2014 were included. INTERVENTIONS: In-vitro fertilisation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, embryo biopsy, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ongoing pregnancy rate and implantation rate. RESULTS: Overall, 124 cycles of preimplantation genetic diagnosis were initiated in 76 @entity1 , 101 cycles proceeded to preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and 92 cycles had embryo transfer. The ongoing pregnancy rate was 28.2% per initiated cycle and 38.0% per embryo transfer, giving an implantation rate of 35.2%. There were 16 frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles in which, following preimplantation genetic diagnosis, cryopreserved embryos were replaced resulting in an ongoing pregnancy rate of 37.5% and implantation rate of 30.0%. The cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate was 33.1%. The most frequent indication for preimplantation genetic diagnosis was thalassaemia, followed by @entity179 and @entity5 predisposition. There was no misdiagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is a reliable method to prevent couples conceiving fetuses severely affected by known @entity74 , with ongoing pregnancy and implantation rates similar to those for in-vitro fertilisation for routine @entity249 treatment.

title: Experience of more than 100 preimplantation genetic diagnosis cycles for XXXX using whole genome amplification and linkage analysis in a single centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['monogenetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['monogenetic diseases']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to compare conventional @entity786 / @entity632 / @entity1891 / @entity617 (CHOP) chemotherapy with CHOP (3 courses) plus @entity2879 / @entity1667 /high-dose @entity2592 / @entity900 (ESHAP), high-dose therapy (HDT), and autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (PBPCT) as front-line treatment for poor-prognosis aggressive @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Between May 1, 1995, and April 30, 1998, 58 @entity1 , aged 15-55 years, newly diagnosed with poor-prognosis aggressive @entity1893 (category F-H by the Working Formulation) were enrolled. According to the age-adjusted international prognostic index, 65% of the @entity1 were high-risk cases and 35% made up the high-intermediate group. After 3 courses of CHOP, 25 of 48 @entity1 were randomized to continue with CHOP, and 23 were randomized to receive 2-4 cycles of ESHAP followed by HDT and PBPCT. There was no significant difference in the rate of complete remission between the two groups (36%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18%-57% in CHOP vs. 43%, 95% CI: 23%-65% in ESHAP/HDT) (P = 0.77). With a median follow-up duration of 39 months, the 4-year @entity177 ( @entity177 ) was superior in the ESHAP/HDT group (38%, 95% CI: 18%-58% vs. 15%, 95% CI: 4%-32%) (P = 0.04). The disease-free survival was marginally different in favor of the ESHAP/HDT arm (90%, 95% CI: 47%-98% vs. 37%, 95% CI: 7%-69%) (P = 0.06). The 4-year overall survival between the two treatment arms was comparable (51%, 95% CI: 28%-70% for ESHAP/HDT vs. 30%, 95% CI: 13%-48% for CHOP) (P = 0.25). Treatment-related mortalities were not significantly different between both groups (17%, 95% CI: 5%-39% for ESHAP/HDT vs. 8%, 95% CI: 1%-26% for CHOP) (P = 0.41). However, only 61% of the @entity1 assigned to the ESHAP/HDT arm underwent HDT and PBPCT. As compared with CHOP, the corporate regimen of CHOP/ESHAP/HDT seems to improve the @entity177 in @entity1 with newly diagnosed, poor-prognosis aggressive @entity1893 .

title: CHOP versus CHOP plus ESHAP and high-dose therapy with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation for high-intermediate-risk and high-risk aggressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FFS', 'failure-free survival']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: @entity3917 ( @entity6769 ) is a newly identified @entity5 @entity39 factor superfamily member involved in the regulation of immune responses by control of activation, maturation, and survival of immune effector cells. Despite the immunological relevance of the @entity3917 protein, little knowledge is available as to how light gene expression is regulated. In T-lymphocytes, most @entity3917 surface expression and transcript accumulation occurs after T cell activation. In this study, we have shown that these events are blocked at the transcriptional level by @entity205 , an immuno-suppressive drug. Besides, we identified a role for @entity141 -signaling pathways and NFAT transcription factors in T cell activation-induced @entity3917 expression. To further investigate this process, we have identified, cloned, and characterized a 2.1-kilobase 5'-flanking DNA genomic fragment from the @entity1 light gene. We have shown the transcriptional activity of the herein-identified minimal 5' regulatory region of @entity1 light gene parallels the endogenous expression of light in T cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that induced @entity3917 promoter activity can be equally blocked by @entity205 treatment or dominant negative NFAT overexpression and further identified by site-directed mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility supershift analysis of a NFAT transcription factor binding site within the @entity1 light minimal promoter. Finally, @entity3419 and @entity12136 binding sites were identified and shown to regulate light basal promoter activity. Thus, the present study establishes a molecular basis to further understand the mechanisms governing @entity1 light gene expression and, consequently, could potentially lead to novel therapeutic manipulations that control the signaling cascade, resulting in @entity3917 production in conditions characterized by immunopathologic activation of T cells.

title: Mechanisms regulating expression of the @entity5 XXXX factor-related light gene. Role of calcium-signaling pathway in the transcriptional control.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: @entity3917 ( @entity6769 ) is a newly identified @entity5 @entity39 factor superfamily member involved in the regulation of immune responses by control of activation, maturation, and survival of immune effector cells. Despite the immunological relevance of the @entity3917 protein, little knowledge is available as to how light gene expression is regulated. In T-lymphocytes, most @entity3917 surface expression and transcript accumulation occurs after T cell activation. In this study, we have shown that these events are blocked at the transcriptional level by @entity205 , an immuno-suppressive drug. Besides, we identified a role for @entity141 -signaling pathways and NFAT transcription factors in T cell activation-induced @entity3917 expression. To further investigate this process, we have identified, cloned, and characterized a 2.1-kilobase 5'-flanking DNA genomic fragment from the @entity1 light gene. We have shown the transcriptional activity of the herein-identified minimal 5' regulatory region of @entity1 light gene parallels the endogenous expression of light in T cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that induced @entity3917 promoter activity can be equally blocked by @entity205 treatment or dominant negative NFAT overexpression and further identified by site-directed mutagenesis and electrophoretic mobility supershift analysis of a NFAT transcription factor binding site within the @entity1 light minimal promoter. Finally, @entity3419 and @entity12136 binding sites were identified and shown to regulate light basal promoter activity. Thus, the present study establishes a molecular basis to further understand the mechanisms governing @entity1 light gene expression and, consequently, could potentially lead to novel therapeutic manipulations that control the signaling cascade, resulting in @entity3917 production in conditions characterized by immunopathologic activation of T cells.

title: Mechanisms regulating expression of the XXXX @entity39 factor-related light gene. Role of calcium-signaling pathway in the transcriptional control.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the treatment results and prognostic factors of @entity1 with @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) arising from the major and minor salivary glands of the @entity135 , and who received postoperative radiotherapy after radical @entity5 resection. METHODS: Between October 1987 and December 1999, 25 @entity1 with @entity2347 of the @entity135 were treated with radical surgical resection and postoperative adjuvant irradiation without chemotherapy. Using appropriate radiation techniques to the @entity5 bed, total doses ranged from 44 to 68.4 Gy. All @entity1 had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate, local control rate, and distant @entity3 -free rate were 75%, 83%, and 66%, respectively. To the present, 2 @entity1 had experienced recurrence at the primary sites, and 1 had regional lymph node @entity3 . Distant metastases developed in 7 @entity1 (28%), of whom 6 (86%) were disease-free at the primary site. The lung was the most common distant metastatic site. In multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant prognostic factor for a distant @entity3 -free rate was the stage at presentation (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with an advanced stage of disease had higher distant @entity3 rates even when receiving postoperative radiotherapy. Distant @entity3 is still the main problem in the management of @entity2347 of the @entity135 . However, more-effective treatment for this problem is still lacking.

title: Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for @entity2347 of the XXXX : treatment results and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the treatment results and prognostic factors of @entity1 with @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) arising from the major and minor salivary glands of the @entity135 , and who received postoperative radiotherapy after radical @entity5 resection. METHODS: Between October 1987 and December 1999, 25 @entity1 with @entity2347 of the @entity135 were treated with radical surgical resection and postoperative adjuvant irradiation without chemotherapy. Using appropriate radiation techniques to the @entity5 bed, total doses ranged from 44 to 68.4 Gy. All @entity1 had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate, local control rate, and distant @entity3 -free rate were 75%, 83%, and 66%, respectively. To the present, 2 @entity1 had experienced recurrence at the primary sites, and 1 had regional lymph node @entity3 . Distant metastases developed in 7 @entity1 (28%), of whom 6 (86%) were disease-free at the primary site. The lung was the most common distant metastatic site. In multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant prognostic factor for a distant @entity3 -free rate was the stage at presentation (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with an advanced stage of disease had higher distant @entity3 rates even when receiving postoperative radiotherapy. Distant @entity3 is still the main problem in the management of @entity2347 of the @entity135 . However, more-effective treatment for this problem is still lacking.

title: Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for XXXX of the @entity135 : treatment results and prognostic factors.

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical results of treatments for hepatic @entity3 of primary @entity694 for an evaluation of treatment strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-five @entity1 with only hepatic @entity3 of primary @entity694 ( @entity5 , 164 @entity1 : @entity5 , 61 @entity1 ) between 1983 and 1999 were studied. Of these 225 @entity1 , 68 @entity1 ( @entity5 , 39 @entity1 : @entity5 , 29 @entity1 ) were treated with curative resection. These 225 @entity1 were categorized into group A (chemotherapy only), group B (hepatic arterial infusion only), group C (curative resection + hepatic arterial infusion), and group D (curative resection only). The therapeutic results were compared. RESULTS: The five-year survival rate and five-year recurrence-free rate of 68 @entity1 with curative resection were 40.6% and 31.0%. By therapeutic modality, the five-year survival rate and five-year recurrence-free rate of the 36 @entity1 of group C were 40.7% and 29.5%, and those of the 32 @entity1 of group D were 43.4% and 33.0%, respectively. No significant difference was found between these two groups. However, in the @entity1 with @entity5 , the five-year survival rate and five-year recurrence-free rate of group C and group D were 65.7, 49.6% and 13.8, 15.9%, respectively. The results of group C were significantly better than those of group D. Recurrence was found in 36 @entity1 (52.2%). Among these @entity1 , 25 (36.8%) recurred within one year from the end of treatment(s). Twenty-one @entity1 (32.4) had the recurrence in the residual liver, and 14 (17.6%) had @entity3 to the lung. In group B, in which curative resection was impossible, the one-year and two-year survival rates in the @entity1 with @entity5 were good in comparison with those of group A. Herein we report two cases in which hepatic arterial infusion was effective. CONCLUSION: It is important to set aggressive resection and hepatic infusion as a fundamental treatment policy, and to perform not only hepatic infusion but to combine other treatments with consideration of the next recurrence.

title: [Therapeutic strategy for hepatic @entity3 of primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous tumors', 'metachronous tumors']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical results of treatments for hepatic @entity3 of primary @entity694 for an evaluation of treatment strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-five @entity1 with only hepatic @entity3 of primary @entity694 ( @entity5 , 164 @entity1 : @entity5 , 61 @entity1 ) between 1983 and 1999 were studied. Of these 225 @entity1 , 68 @entity1 ( @entity5 , 39 @entity1 : @entity5 , 29 @entity1 ) were treated with curative resection. These 225 @entity1 were categorized into group A (chemotherapy only), group B (hepatic arterial infusion only), group C (curative resection + hepatic arterial infusion), and group D (curative resection only). The therapeutic results were compared. RESULTS: The five-year survival rate and five-year recurrence-free rate of 68 @entity1 with curative resection were 40.6% and 31.0%. By therapeutic modality, the five-year survival rate and five-year recurrence-free rate of the 36 @entity1 of group C were 40.7% and 29.5%, and those of the 32 @entity1 of group D were 43.4% and 33.0%, respectively. No significant difference was found between these two groups. However, in the @entity1 with @entity5 , the five-year survival rate and five-year recurrence-free rate of group C and group D were 65.7, 49.6% and 13.8, 15.9%, respectively. The results of group C were significantly better than those of group D. Recurrence was found in 36 @entity1 (52.2%). Among these @entity1 , 25 (36.8%) recurred within one year from the end of treatment(s). Twenty-one @entity1 (32.4) had the recurrence in the residual liver, and 14 (17.6%) had @entity3 to the lung. In group B, in which curative resection was impossible, the one-year and two-year survival rates in the @entity1 with @entity5 were good in comparison with those of group A. Herein we report two cases in which hepatic arterial infusion was effective. CONCLUSION: It is important to set aggressive resection and hepatic infusion as a fundamental treatment policy, and to perform not only hepatic infusion but to combine other treatments with consideration of the next recurrence.

title: [Therapeutic strategy for hepatic XXXX of primary @entity694 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tissue factor (TF; an @entity3459 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ; a marker of angiogenesis) are involved in the @entity49 state associated with @entity5 . We investigated their roles in chronic @entity955 ( @entity955 ), a condition also associated with increased risk of @entity64 and @entity1031 , as well as a prothrombotic or @entity49 state. METHODS: We studied 25 @entity1 with @entity955 (20 @entity1 ; mean+/-SD age, 62+/-13 years) who were compared with 2 control groups in sinus rhythm: 30 healthy control subjects (17 @entity1 ; mean age, 60+/-9 years) and 35 @entity1 control subjects with @entity453 ( @entity453 ; 27 @entity1 ; mean age, 60+/-12 years). Plasma levels of TF, @entity7 , and the @entity7 receptor sFlt-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: @entity7 , sFlt-1, and TF were significantly different between the 3 groups, with abnormal levels in @entity955 and @entity453 @entity1 compared with control subjects (P<0.001, P=0.022, and P=0.008, respectively). Among the @entity955 @entity1 , TF levels were significantly correlated with @entity7 (Spearman's r=0.65, P<0.001) and sFlt (r=0.54, P=0.006) levels. Only TF and @entity7 levels were significantly correlated in @entity453 @entity1 (r=0.39, P=0.02). There were no significant correlations among the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with chronic @entity955 have high TF levels, in keeping with the prothrombotic state associated with this @entity943 . The relationships between TF and @entity7 and its receptor sFlt-1 in @entity955 suggest a possible role for @entity7 in the @entity49 state found in @entity955 , as seen in @entity5 and @entity731 .

title: Is the @entity49 state in @entity955 mediated by XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['initiator of coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tissue factor (TF; an @entity3459 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ; a marker of angiogenesis) are involved in the @entity49 state associated with @entity5 . We investigated their roles in chronic @entity955 ( @entity955 ), a condition also associated with increased risk of @entity64 and @entity1031 , as well as a prothrombotic or @entity49 state. METHODS: We studied 25 @entity1 with @entity955 (20 @entity1 ; mean+/-SD age, 62+/-13 years) who were compared with 2 control groups in sinus rhythm: 30 healthy control subjects (17 @entity1 ; mean age, 60+/-9 years) and 35 @entity1 control subjects with @entity453 ( @entity453 ; 27 @entity1 ; mean age, 60+/-12 years). Plasma levels of TF, @entity7 , and the @entity7 receptor sFlt-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: @entity7 , sFlt-1, and TF were significantly different between the 3 groups, with abnormal levels in @entity955 and @entity453 @entity1 compared with control subjects (P<0.001, P=0.022, and P=0.008, respectively). Among the @entity955 @entity1 , TF levels were significantly correlated with @entity7 (Spearman's r=0.65, P<0.001) and sFlt (r=0.54, P=0.006) levels. Only TF and @entity7 levels were significantly correlated in @entity453 @entity1 (r=0.39, P=0.02). There were no significant correlations among the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with chronic @entity955 have high TF levels, in keeping with the prothrombotic state associated with this @entity943 . The relationships between TF and @entity7 and its receptor sFlt-1 in @entity955 suggest a possible role for @entity7 in the @entity49 state found in @entity955 , as seen in @entity5 and @entity731 .

title: Is the XXXX state in @entity955 mediated by @entity7 ?

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['hypercoagulable']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tissue factor (TF; an @entity3459 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ; a marker of angiogenesis) are involved in the @entity49 state associated with @entity5 . We investigated their roles in chronic @entity955 ( @entity955 ), a condition also associated with increased risk of @entity64 and @entity1031 , as well as a prothrombotic or @entity49 state. METHODS: We studied 25 @entity1 with @entity955 (20 @entity1 ; mean+/-SD age, 62+/-13 years) who were compared with 2 control groups in sinus rhythm: 30 healthy control subjects (17 @entity1 ; mean age, 60+/-9 years) and 35 @entity1 control subjects with @entity453 ( @entity453 ; 27 @entity1 ; mean age, 60+/-12 years). Plasma levels of TF, @entity7 , and the @entity7 receptor sFlt-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: @entity7 , sFlt-1, and TF were significantly different between the 3 groups, with abnormal levels in @entity955 and @entity453 @entity1 compared with control subjects (P<0.001, P=0.022, and P=0.008, respectively). Among the @entity955 @entity1 , TF levels were significantly correlated with @entity7 (Spearman's r=0.65, P<0.001) and sFlt (r=0.54, P=0.006) levels. Only TF and @entity7 levels were significantly correlated in @entity453 @entity1 (r=0.39, P=0.02). There were no significant correlations among the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with chronic @entity955 have high TF levels, in keeping with the prothrombotic state associated with this @entity943 . The relationships between TF and @entity7 and its receptor sFlt-1 in @entity955 suggest a possible role for @entity7 in the @entity49 state found in @entity955 , as seen in @entity5 and @entity731 .

title: Is the @entity49 state in XXXX mediated by @entity7 ?

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The modified Rankin Scale is widely used to assess changes in activity and lifestyle after @entity64 , but it has been criticized for its subjectivity. The purpose of the present study was to compare conventional assessment on the modified Rankin Scale with assessment through a structured interview. METHODS: Sixty-three @entity1 with @entity64 6 to 24 months previously were interviewed and graded independently on the modified Rankin Scale by 2 observers. These observers then underwent training in use of a structured interview for the scale that covered 5 areas of everyday function. Eight weeks after the first assessment, the same observers reassessed 58 of these @entity1 using the structured interview. RESULTS: Interrater reliability was measured with the kappa statistic (weighted with quadratic weights). For the scale applied conventionally, overall agreement between the 2 raters was 57% (kappa(w)=0.78); 1 rater assigned significantly lower grades than the other (P=0.048). On the structured interview, the overall agreement between raters was 78% (kappa(w)=0.93), and there was no overall difference between raters in grades assigned (P=0.17). Rankin grades from the conventional assessment and the structured interview were highly correlated, but there was significantly less disagreement between raters when the structured interview was used (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Variability and bias between raters in assigning @entity1 to Rankin grades may be reduced by use of a structured interview. Use of a structured interview for the scale could potentially improve the quality of results from clinical studies in @entity64 .

title: Improving the assessment of outcomes in XXXX : use of a structured interview to assign grades on the modified Rankin Scale.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Naturally mated female New Zealand White (NZW) @entity95 (24/group) received @entity27390 (35, 70, or 140 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (1 ml/kg deionized/distilled water) by gavage on gestational days (GD) 6 through 29. The study was conducted using a 2-replicate design. @entity1907 (absolute and relative), body weight, and clinical signs were monitored at regular intervals throughout gestation. One and four maternal @entity204 occurred at the low and high doses, respectively. Abortions or early deliveries were noted in 0, 2, 2, and 8 females in the 0, 35, 70, and 140-mg/kg/day dose groups, respectively. Other clinical signs associated with @entity27390 exposure were minimal: primarily reduced or absent fecal output at the high dose (2-13 animals/day). Also at the high dose, maternal body weight was significantly depressed on GD 21, 24, and 27 (87-90% of the control value); maternal body weight gain was significantly reduced for GD 12 to 15, 18 to 21, and 21 to 24 (treated animals gained less than 1 g, or lost up to 100 g). In addition, maternal body weight gain was reduced at the middle dose for GD 18 to 21. @entity1017 , corrected for gravid uterine weight, was unaffected. Relative maternal food consumption in the high-dose group was 34-59% of control intake from GD 12 through GD 24, but was comparable to controls thereafter. At termination (GD 30), confirmed-pregnant females (9-20 per group) were evaluated for clinical status, liver weights, and gestational outcome; live fetuses were examined for external, @entity600 and variations. @entity409 (absolute or relative to body weight) was unaffected by treatment, but gravid uterine weight at the high dose was 71% of the control value. A significantly increasing trend was noted for the percent non-live implants per litter. In addition, although not statistically significant from the control group, the values for the percent late fetal @entity204 per litter and percent non-live implants per litter in the 140-mg/kg/day group were higher than maximum historical values, suggesting an increase in late gestational @entity204 in the surviving high-dose animals. @entity27390 decreased the mean number of live fetuses per litter at the high dose to 66% of the control value. Mean fetal body weight per litter for males and the sexes combined was significantly decreased at the high dose; mean female fetal body weight was also decreased, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no effect of treatment on the incidence of @entity853 or variations in animals surviving to scheduled necropsy. In summary, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for maternal @entity137 was 70 mg/kg/day and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was 140 mg/kg/day under the conditions of this study. Similarly, the NOAEL for developmental @entity137 was 70 mg/kg/day and the LOAEL was 140 mg/kg/day.

title: Evaluation of the developmental @entity137 of XXXX in New Zealand white @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['external, visceral, or skeletal malformations']

entities_list: @entity27390 :: ('MESH:C031066', 'Chemical') :: ['formamide', 'Formamide']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal liver weight']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['visceral, and skeletal malformations']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal body weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal food consumption']

answer: @entity27390 :: (MESH:C031066,Chemical) :: ['formamide']


abstract: Naturally mated female New Zealand White (NZW) @entity95 (24/group) received @entity27390 (35, 70, or 140 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (1 ml/kg deionized/distilled water) by gavage on gestational days (GD) 6 through 29. The study was conducted using a 2-replicate design. @entity1907 (absolute and relative), body weight, and clinical signs were monitored at regular intervals throughout gestation. One and four maternal @entity204 occurred at the low and high doses, respectively. Abortions or early deliveries were noted in 0, 2, 2, and 8 females in the 0, 35, 70, and 140-mg/kg/day dose groups, respectively. Other clinical signs associated with @entity27390 exposure were minimal: primarily reduced or absent fecal output at the high dose (2-13 animals/day). Also at the high dose, maternal body weight was significantly depressed on GD 21, 24, and 27 (87-90% of the control value); maternal body weight gain was significantly reduced for GD 12 to 15, 18 to 21, and 21 to 24 (treated animals gained less than 1 g, or lost up to 100 g). In addition, maternal body weight gain was reduced at the middle dose for GD 18 to 21. @entity1017 , corrected for gravid uterine weight, was unaffected. Relative maternal food consumption in the high-dose group was 34-59% of control intake from GD 12 through GD 24, but was comparable to controls thereafter. At termination (GD 30), confirmed-pregnant females (9-20 per group) were evaluated for clinical status, liver weights, and gestational outcome; live fetuses were examined for external, @entity600 and variations. @entity409 (absolute or relative to body weight) was unaffected by treatment, but gravid uterine weight at the high dose was 71% of the control value. A significantly increasing trend was noted for the percent non-live implants per litter. In addition, although not statistically significant from the control group, the values for the percent late fetal @entity204 per litter and percent non-live implants per litter in the 140-mg/kg/day group were higher than maximum historical values, suggesting an increase in late gestational @entity204 in the surviving high-dose animals. @entity27390 decreased the mean number of live fetuses per litter at the high dose to 66% of the control value. Mean fetal body weight per litter for males and the sexes combined was significantly decreased at the high dose; mean female fetal body weight was also decreased, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no effect of treatment on the incidence of @entity853 or variations in animals surviving to scheduled necropsy. In summary, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for maternal @entity137 was 70 mg/kg/day and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was 140 mg/kg/day under the conditions of this study. Similarly, the NOAEL for developmental @entity137 was 70 mg/kg/day and the LOAEL was 140 mg/kg/day.

title: Evaluation of the developmental XXXX of @entity27390 in New Zealand white @entity95 .

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Naturally mated female New Zealand White (NZW) @entity95 (24/group) received @entity27390 (35, 70, or 140 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (1 ml/kg deionized/distilled water) by gavage on gestational days (GD) 6 through 29. The study was conducted using a 2-replicate design. @entity1907 (absolute and relative), body weight, and clinical signs were monitored at regular intervals throughout gestation. One and four maternal @entity204 occurred at the low and high doses, respectively. Abortions or early deliveries were noted in 0, 2, 2, and 8 females in the 0, 35, 70, and 140-mg/kg/day dose groups, respectively. Other clinical signs associated with @entity27390 exposure were minimal: primarily reduced or absent fecal output at the high dose (2-13 animals/day). Also at the high dose, maternal body weight was significantly depressed on GD 21, 24, and 27 (87-90% of the control value); maternal body weight gain was significantly reduced for GD 12 to 15, 18 to 21, and 21 to 24 (treated animals gained less than 1 g, or lost up to 100 g). In addition, maternal body weight gain was reduced at the middle dose for GD 18 to 21. @entity1017 , corrected for gravid uterine weight, was unaffected. Relative maternal food consumption in the high-dose group was 34-59% of control intake from GD 12 through GD 24, but was comparable to controls thereafter. At termination (GD 30), confirmed-pregnant females (9-20 per group) were evaluated for clinical status, liver weights, and gestational outcome; live fetuses were examined for external, @entity600 and variations. @entity409 (absolute or relative to body weight) was unaffected by treatment, but gravid uterine weight at the high dose was 71% of the control value. A significantly increasing trend was noted for the percent non-live implants per litter. In addition, although not statistically significant from the control group, the values for the percent late fetal @entity204 per litter and percent non-live implants per litter in the 140-mg/kg/day group were higher than maximum historical values, suggesting an increase in late gestational @entity204 in the surviving high-dose animals. @entity27390 decreased the mean number of live fetuses per litter at the high dose to 66% of the control value. Mean fetal body weight per litter for males and the sexes combined was significantly decreased at the high dose; mean female fetal body weight was also decreased, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no effect of treatment on the incidence of @entity853 or variations in animals surviving to scheduled necropsy. In summary, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for maternal @entity137 was 70 mg/kg/day and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL) was 140 mg/kg/day under the conditions of this study. Similarly, the NOAEL for developmental @entity137 was 70 mg/kg/day and the LOAEL was 140 mg/kg/day.

title: Evaluation of the developmental @entity137 of @entity27390 in New Zealand white XXXX .

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with life dissatisfaction in symptomatic @entity1 (n = 144) with @entity662 subsequently diagnosed as @entity301 ( @entity301 ) by coronary angiography. Life dissatisfaction was assessed with a four-item life satisfaction scale (LS), @entity308 with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and other @entity146 symptoms with the symptom check list (SCL). DSM-III-R @entity2270 I and @entity2270 II @entity146 diagnoses were performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview. All assessments took place one day before angiography. Twenty-four per cent of @entity301 @entity1 were dissatisfied with their lives. Life dissatisfaction was associated with being unmarried. Dissatisfied @entity1 had @entity146 and @entity1314 more frequently than others. Psychiatric and @entity308 according to the SCL and BDI, respectively, were also higher among dissatisfied @entity1 . In multiple logistic regression analyses, @entity146 were related to life dissatisfaction when age, sex, employment status, New York Heart Association class, duration of @entity662 and work load were controlled in the model. Married subjects had a lower probability of being dissatisfied with their lives than other subjects (Odds Ratio, OR: 0.23). When BDI scores were included in the model, the only factor independently associated with life dissatisfaction was the severity of @entity308 (OR: 1.81). To conclude, life dissatisfaction is not primarily determined by the severity of @entity301 but by the existence of @entity308 .

title: Life satisfaction in @entity1 with @entity662 subsequently diagnosed as @entity301 --connection through XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain symptoms', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['Axis II personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric', 'Axis I mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with life dissatisfaction in symptomatic @entity1 (n = 144) with @entity662 subsequently diagnosed as @entity301 ( @entity301 ) by coronary angiography. Life dissatisfaction was assessed with a four-item life satisfaction scale (LS), @entity308 with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and other @entity146 symptoms with the symptom check list (SCL). DSM-III-R @entity2270 I and @entity2270 II @entity146 diagnoses were performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview. All assessments took place one day before angiography. Twenty-four per cent of @entity301 @entity1 were dissatisfied with their lives. Life dissatisfaction was associated with being unmarried. Dissatisfied @entity1 had @entity146 and @entity1314 more frequently than others. Psychiatric and @entity308 according to the SCL and BDI, respectively, were also higher among dissatisfied @entity1 . In multiple logistic regression analyses, @entity146 were related to life dissatisfaction when age, sex, employment status, New York Heart Association class, duration of @entity662 and work load were controlled in the model. Married subjects had a lower probability of being dissatisfied with their lives than other subjects (Odds Ratio, OR: 0.23). When BDI scores were included in the model, the only factor independently associated with life dissatisfaction was the severity of @entity308 (OR: 1.81). To conclude, life dissatisfaction is not primarily determined by the severity of @entity301 but by the existence of @entity308 .

title: Life satisfaction in @entity1 with @entity662 subsequently diagnosed as XXXX --connection through @entity308 ?

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with life dissatisfaction in symptomatic @entity1 (n = 144) with @entity662 subsequently diagnosed as @entity301 ( @entity301 ) by coronary angiography. Life dissatisfaction was assessed with a four-item life satisfaction scale (LS), @entity308 with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and other @entity146 symptoms with the symptom check list (SCL). DSM-III-R @entity2270 I and @entity2270 II @entity146 diagnoses were performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview. All assessments took place one day before angiography. Twenty-four per cent of @entity301 @entity1 were dissatisfied with their lives. Life dissatisfaction was associated with being unmarried. Dissatisfied @entity1 had @entity146 and @entity1314 more frequently than others. Psychiatric and @entity308 according to the SCL and BDI, respectively, were also higher among dissatisfied @entity1 . In multiple logistic regression analyses, @entity146 were related to life dissatisfaction when age, sex, employment status, New York Heart Association class, duration of @entity662 and work load were controlled in the model. Married subjects had a lower probability of being dissatisfied with their lives than other subjects (Odds Ratio, OR: 0.23). When BDI scores were included in the model, the only factor independently associated with life dissatisfaction was the severity of @entity308 (OR: 1.81). To conclude, life dissatisfaction is not primarily determined by the severity of @entity301 but by the existence of @entity308 .

title: Life satisfaction in @entity1 with XXXX subsequently diagnosed as @entity301 --connection through @entity308 ?

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with life dissatisfaction in symptomatic @entity1 (n = 144) with @entity662 subsequently diagnosed as @entity301 ( @entity301 ) by coronary angiography. Life dissatisfaction was assessed with a four-item life satisfaction scale (LS), @entity308 with the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and other @entity146 symptoms with the symptom check list (SCL). DSM-III-R @entity2270 I and @entity2270 II @entity146 diagnoses were performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview. All assessments took place one day before angiography. Twenty-four per cent of @entity301 @entity1 were dissatisfied with their lives. Life dissatisfaction was associated with being unmarried. Dissatisfied @entity1 had @entity146 and @entity1314 more frequently than others. Psychiatric and @entity308 according to the SCL and BDI, respectively, were also higher among dissatisfied @entity1 . In multiple logistic regression analyses, @entity146 were related to life dissatisfaction when age, sex, employment status, New York Heart Association class, duration of @entity662 and work load were controlled in the model. Married subjects had a lower probability of being dissatisfied with their lives than other subjects (Odds Ratio, OR: 0.23). When BDI scores were included in the model, the only factor independently associated with life dissatisfaction was the severity of @entity308 (OR: 1.81). To conclude, life dissatisfaction is not primarily determined by the severity of @entity301 but by the existence of @entity308 .

title: Life satisfaction in XXXX with @entity662 subsequently diagnosed as @entity301 --connection through @entity308 ?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the core feature of @entity303 is progressive @entity73 , non-cognitive behavioural problems are expressed in most @entity1 with @entity303 during the course of their illness. While psychotropic drugs are frequently used to control behavioural symptoms, comorbidities, which are very common in the geriatric population, could often limit their use. @entity2682 may be a potential treatment in such situations. METHODS: In this open, baseline comparison study 20 @entity1 with probable @entity195 with behavioural alterations and serious comorbidities ( @entity8442 , @entity1538 , @entity13675 , @entity1578 or severe @entity1067 ) received @entity2682 for 15 months. @entity1 were allowed to continue any previous therapy for concurrent diseases. However, concomitant antipsychotic or @entity1245 intake was not permitted. RESULTS: @entity2682 appeared to be efficacious and well tolerated in this @entity1 population, and did not appear to interact with other drugs. General benefit is reflected by a reduction of caregiver stress. No @entity1 withdrew before the end of the study and no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: The results of this study in @entity1 with probable @entity195 with behavioural alterations and serious comorbidities indicate that @entity2682 provides significant and sustained efficacy in terms of behaviour, with associated reductions in caregiver burden. The results of an ongoing larger, randomised, double-blind study of @entity2682 are keenly awaited and may help to provide a safer and more efficacious treatment option for this group of @entity1 .

title: XXXX for the treatment of behavioural alterations in @entity303 : preliminary 15-month investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disruption']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic ileus']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['Gabapentin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the core feature of @entity303 is progressive @entity73 , non-cognitive behavioural problems are expressed in most @entity1 with @entity303 during the course of their illness. While psychotropic drugs are frequently used to control behavioural symptoms, comorbidities, which are very common in the geriatric population, could often limit their use. @entity2682 may be a potential treatment in such situations. METHODS: In this open, baseline comparison study 20 @entity1 with probable @entity195 with behavioural alterations and serious comorbidities ( @entity8442 , @entity1538 , @entity13675 , @entity1578 or severe @entity1067 ) received @entity2682 for 15 months. @entity1 were allowed to continue any previous therapy for concurrent diseases. However, concomitant antipsychotic or @entity1245 intake was not permitted. RESULTS: @entity2682 appeared to be efficacious and well tolerated in this @entity1 population, and did not appear to interact with other drugs. General benefit is reflected by a reduction of caregiver stress. No @entity1 withdrew before the end of the study and no serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: The results of this study in @entity1 with probable @entity195 with behavioural alterations and serious comorbidities indicate that @entity2682 provides significant and sustained efficacy in terms of behaviour, with associated reductions in caregiver burden. The results of an ongoing larger, randomised, double-blind study of @entity2682 are keenly awaited and may help to provide a safer and more efficacious treatment option for this group of @entity1 .

title: @entity2682 for the treatment of behavioural alterations in XXXX : preliminary 15-month investigation.

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: The effectiveness of the adaptive immune system relies upon extensive proliferation of an initially small number of antigen-specific T cells. At the end of a successful response, the majority die by apoptosis and a small minority joins the memory cell pool. Upon re-challenge with antigen, these memory cells must again undergo clonal expansion in order to mediate an effective response. Thus, T cells are subjected to marked proliferative stress which may result in clonal exhaustion due to replicative senescence. In other systems made up of rapidly proliferating cells (e.g. in the gut) individual clones are identical and are replaced at the end of their lifespan by differentiation from a stem cell reservoir. However, because of the unique clonal distribution of antigen receptors on T cells, mere replacement with other T cells is not sufficient to maintain the integrity of the system. Moreover, the very source of new T cells decreases with age (due to thymic involution). Therefore, the adaptive immune system may be uniquely susceptible to the deleterious effects of replicative senescence. Particularly in @entity1 , in vivo studies of the behaviour of individual T-cell clones in the body is difficult. However, T-cell longevity, measured as proliferative capacity in terms of population doublings, can be usefully modelled at the clonal level in vitro. This paper discusses the surprisingly little that is known about the average longevity, variation between clones, and the maximal longevity of @entity1 T cells under clonal culture conditions in vitro. From our own studies, we show that average lifespan of @entity1 T cells is as little as 17 @entity1726 ; however, established clones reach 35 @entity1726 on average, with maximum longevity generally in the region of 60-80 @entity1726 , regardless of the source of the cloned cells. Expression of surface molecules in general did not differ strikingly between young and old donors, but the frequency of clones secreting @entity688 , and the amount secreted per clone was higher in the elderly than in the young. Conversely, the frequency of clones secreting @entity650 and the amount secreted per clone was higher in the young.

title: Longevity in vitro of XXXX CD4+ T helper cell clones derived from young donors and elderly donors, or from progenitor cells: age-associated differences in cell surface molecule expression and cytokine secretion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The FLEP regimen ( @entity1487 , LV, ETP and CDDP) is a combination chemotherapy administered regionally and systemically for the control of both local and disseminated disease in intra- and extra-abdominal regions in @entity1 with advanced and recurrent @entity356 . Sixty-one @entity1 with advanced and recurrent @entity356 were entered into this study. The treatment regimen consisted of @entity1487 at 370 mg/m2 (days 1 to 5, i.v. 24 h); LV at a dose of 30 mg (days 1 to 5, i.v. bolus); and ETP and CDDP each at 70 mg/m2 (days 7 and 21, ia 2 h). This regimen was repeated every four weeks. The overall response rate was 36.1% (22/61) and the 50% and median survival times were 10.23 and 11.80 months, respectively. The adverse events were Grade 3/4 @entity1431 (18.0%), Grade 3/4 @entity882 (4.9%), Grade 3 @entity1209 (3.3%) and Grade 3 @entity3136 (1.6%). Of the 17 NAC @entity1 , the six curability B @entity1 showed a statistically higher survival rate than the curability C and unresected @entity1 . Based on the encouraging response rate and the improvement in prognosis, we recommend the FLEP regimen for @entity1 with primary @entity356 . Neoadjuvant chemotherapy using the FLEP regimen should be performed with curative resection as an objective.

title: [FLEP therapy for advanced and recurrent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and/or vomiting']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A beneficial role of antioxidants in @entity28 individuals has hitherto been inferred only from uncontrolled pilot studies. The authors compared the effect of @entity270 and weight loss on transaminase values and on ultrasonographic bright liver in a controlled group of @entity1 with @entity28 -related @entity409 . METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity28 -related hypertransaminasemia and bright liver were randomly allocated to two single-blind groups: group 1 (n = 14) treated with a low-calorie diet associated with oral placebo for 5 months, and group 2 (n = 14) treated with a low-calorie diet associated with oral @entity270 (400 mg/d x 2 months, 100 mg/d x 3 months). Transaminase values and ultrasonographic liver brightness along with weight loss and @entity270 levels were monitored. RESULTS: Variations in transaminase levels and percentage of @entity1 with normalized transaminase values were comparable in the two groups. The disappearance of bright liver was observed only in @entity1 who lost weight and was twice as common in @entity1 from group 1. Two subgroups of @entity1 with complete normalization of transaminase values emerged as a consequence of controlled adherence to diet alone (n = 6; significant decrease of percent overweight: P = 0.0019 ) and to @entity270 alone (n = 7; unmodified percent overweight and significant increase of @entity270 / @entity165 ratio: P < 0.0001). Changes in treatment-induced @entity493 aminotransferase levels in these two subgroups were comparable at month 2, whereas values at month 5 were significantly lower in the subgroup adherent to diet alone (P = 0.04). In the subgroup adherent to @entity270 alone, after 2 months washout, transaminase remained stable in 5 @entity1 and increased in 2; bright liver persisted in all. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity270 warrants consideration in @entity28 -related @entity409 for @entity1 unable to adhere to low-calorie diets.

title: @entity270 treatment in XXXX : a randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['hepatopathic obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['pediatric obesity-related liver disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A beneficial role of antioxidants in @entity28 individuals has hitherto been inferred only from uncontrolled pilot studies. The authors compared the effect of @entity270 and weight loss on transaminase values and on ultrasonographic bright liver in a controlled group of @entity1 with @entity28 -related @entity409 . METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity28 -related hypertransaminasemia and bright liver were randomly allocated to two single-blind groups: group 1 (n = 14) treated with a low-calorie diet associated with oral placebo for 5 months, and group 2 (n = 14) treated with a low-calorie diet associated with oral @entity270 (400 mg/d x 2 months, 100 mg/d x 3 months). Transaminase values and ultrasonographic liver brightness along with weight loss and @entity270 levels were monitored. RESULTS: Variations in transaminase levels and percentage of @entity1 with normalized transaminase values were comparable in the two groups. The disappearance of bright liver was observed only in @entity1 who lost weight and was twice as common in @entity1 from group 1. Two subgroups of @entity1 with complete normalization of transaminase values emerged as a consequence of controlled adherence to diet alone (n = 6; significant decrease of percent overweight: P = 0.0019 ) and to @entity270 alone (n = 7; unmodified percent overweight and significant increase of @entity270 / @entity165 ratio: P < 0.0001). Changes in treatment-induced @entity493 aminotransferase levels in these two subgroups were comparable at month 2, whereas values at month 5 were significantly lower in the subgroup adherent to diet alone (P = 0.04). In the subgroup adherent to @entity270 alone, after 2 months washout, transaminase remained stable in 5 @entity1 and increased in 2; bright liver persisted in all. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity270 warrants consideration in @entity28 -related @entity409 for @entity1 unable to adhere to low-calorie diets.

title: XXXX treatment in @entity409 : a randomized study.

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin E']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge about gender differences in perceptions of coping and social support among @entity1 who have experienced @entity583 . RATIONALE: @entity1 with @entity301 have physical, social and medical disadvantages compared with their male counterparts, which can influence their perception of recovery after cardiac events. No review has been found which focuses on gender differences in coping and social support in @entity583 @entity1 . METHOD: A computerized search was conducted using the keywords ' @entity583 ', 'coping', 'gender differences' and 'social support'. Forty-one articles, published between 1990 and October 2002, were scrutinized. FINDINGS: Two studies report that @entity1 used more coping strategies than @entity1 . Several qualitative studies found that @entity1 used a variety of coping strategies. @entity1 minimized the impact of the disease, tended to delay in seeking treatment and did not want to bother others with their health problems. Household activities were important to them and aided their recovery. @entity1 were more likely to involve their spouses in their recovery, and resuming work and keeping physically fit were important to them. @entity1 tended to report that they had less social support up to 1 year after a @entity583 compared with @entity1 . They received less information about the disease and rehabilitation and experienced lack of belief in their heart problems from caregivers. Further, they received less assistance with household duties from informal caregivers. @entity1 tended to report more support from their spouses than did @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Traditional gender-role patterns may influence the recovery of @entity1 who have experienced @entity583 . Caregivers may need to be more sensitive to gender-specific needs with regard to risk profiles, social roles, and the @entity1 's own role identity. For many @entity1 , especially older ones, household duties and family responsibilities may be an opportunity and a base for cardiac rehabilitation.

title: XXXX : gender differences in coping and social support.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute @entity788 (AP) is a state of @entity32 . It has been widely known that neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) to platelet ratio (RPR) reflect systemic @entity32 . The aim of this study is to investigate whether these inflammatory markers could be used as reliable markers in early prediction of AP in pregnancy and if there is a relationship between disease severity and these markers. METHODS: The study group consisted of 14 @entity1 , who developed AP in ongoing pregnancy, and the control group consisted of 30 healthy pregnant @entity1 . NLR, PLR and RPR were calculated for both the groups. RESULTS: NLR was significantly elevated in the AP group when compared with the controls (p   =   0.00), but there was no statistically significant difference in terms of PLR and RPR (p   >   0.05). ROC curve analysis results for NLR showed that there was a significant prediction power of NLR for AP (R(2)   =   0.842; p   <   0.001). For NLR parameter, if cut-off value is chosen to be 4.1030, then sensitivity is 71.4% and specificity is 100.0%. There was statistically significant and positive correlation between @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and @entity413 with NLR (p   =   0.001, p   =   0.043). It was seen that Ranson was close to be significant (p   =   0.051). CONCLUSION: NLR might be used as an early marker of AP and may have a role in prediction of disease severity.

title: Evaluation of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and red blood cell distribution width-platelet ratio as early predictor of acute XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to explore the wavelength dependence of welding efficacy. Ex vivo samples of @entity1 and porcine aorta and skin tissues were investigated using a tunable @entity70650 :yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser. BACKGROUND DATA: Tissue welding is possible using laser light in the NIR spectral range. Collagen bonding in the tissue induced by thermal, photothermal, and photochemical reactions-or a combination of all of these-is thought to be responsible for tissue welding. Laser tissue welding (LTW) has gained success in the laboratory using animal models. Transition from laboratory to clinical application requires the optimization of welding parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A near-infrared (NIR) @entity70650 :YAG laser was used to weld ex vivo samples of @entity1 and porcine aorta and skin at wavelengths from 1430 to 1470 nm. Welding efficacy was monitored by measuring the tensile strength of the welded tissue and the extent of collateral tissue damage. Tensile strengths were measured using a digital force gauge. Changes in tissue morphology were evaluated using optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fluorescence imaging of the welded areas was also used to evaluate molecular changes following tissue welding. RESULTS: Full-thickness tissue bonding was observed with porcine aorta samples. No collateral damage of the aorta samples was observed. Tissue denaturation was observed with @entity1 aorta, @entity1 skin, and porcine skin samples. The optimum tensile strength for porcine and @entity1 aorta was 1.33 +/- 0.15 and 1.13 +/- 0.27 kg/cm2, respectively, at 1460 nm, while that for porcine and @entity1 skin was 0.94 +/- 0.15 and 1.05 +/- 0.19 kg/cm2, respectively, achieved at 1455 nm. The weld strength as a function of wavelength demonstrated a correlation with the absorption spectrum of water. Fluorescence imaging of welded aorta and skin demonstrated no significant changes in collagen and @entity2362 emission at the weld site. CONCLUSION: The observation that welding strength as a function of wavelength follows the absorption bands of water suggests that absorption of light by water plays a significant role in laser tissue welding.

title: Aorta and skin tissues welded by near-infrared XXXX :YAG laser.

answer: @entity70650 :: (CHEBI:33009,Chemical) :: ['Cr4+']


abstract: AIM: @entity7793 , also termed @entity11157 ( @entity11157 ), is characterized by cessation of menstruation before the age of 40 years. Pathogenetic mechanisms are not so clear, particularly genetic implications of cellular apoptosis. Diagnostic approach is multifactorial and therapy depends on the pregnancy wish. METHODS: Eight hundred and thirty @entity1 approached the Menopausal Center of the University Department of Gynaecological, Obstetrical and Reproductive Sciences of the Second University of Naples between October 1998 and October 2002. All @entity1 were clinically investigated and selected on the basis of menopausal age, pregnancy wish and @entity7793 . RESULTS: Menopausal mean age was 48.31+/-4.62 years and 32 @entity1 (4%) were affected by @entity11157 because of menopausal appearance before the age of 40. Three of these @entity1 were treated to have a pregnancy; the remaining 29 required medical treatment to reduce menopausal symptoms. The @entity170 risk for @entity7793 @entity1 was similar to the other @entity1 . The cardiovascular risk was increased because of an increase in risk factors in @entity11157 @entity1 . No breast or endometrial pathology was revealed and therapy compliance was satisfactory without any drop-out. CONCLUSION: @entity11157 has a varied etiology, pathogenetic aspects, clinical evolution and therapeutical approach. Adequate treatment of @entity7793 @entity1 presents good compliance, resolution of @entity249 when required and a successful resolution of menopausal symptoms.

title: XXXX . Clinical evaluation of 32 cases.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['POF', 'Premature ovarian failure', 'premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['menopausal syndrome', 'premature menopause', 'Premature menopause']

answer: @entity11157 :: (MESH:D016649,Disease) :: ['Premature ovarian failure']


abstract: Blood cultures were performed on 891 @entity1 (aged 1 month-16 years) who presented at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) with presumed diagnosis of @entity295 , over a three year period (January 1994-December 1996) in order to determine the predominant bacterial agents. One hundred and thirty-nine (15.6%) out of 891 blood cultures were positive. Five of the blood cultures yielded double isolates. Staph. aureus was the commonest bacterial agent isolated and accounted for 36.0%, of all the isolates. @entity4005 spp and @entity5746 spp each accounted for 18.7% and 15.8% respectively. Other bacterial agents isolated included @entity526 7.9%, coliforms (untyped) 6.5%, Pseudomonas spp 3.6%, Proteus spp 2.2% and, miscellaneous organisms 9.3%. Ninety-six percent, 84.0% and 81.0% of @entity5746 spp., Staph. aureus and @entity4005 spp. isolated were sensitive to @entity801 respectively. Forty percent of the Staph. aureus isolated was resistant to @entity5152 . Two (1.7%) of the Staph aureus isolated were resistant to all the antibiotics tested. With the exception of Pseudomonas spp (80.0% sensitive only to @entity5505 ), sensitivity of most of the organisms to the third generation cephalosporins was generally excellent. It is concluded that @entity801 remains an effective drug in childhood septicaemi. Although the sensitivity to the third generation cephalosporins remains excellent, these drugs should be reserved for life-threatening cases and those that fail to respond to initial therapy with @entity801 .

title: Predominant bacterial agents of childhood XXXX in Jos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity5152 :: ('MESH:D003023', 'Chemical') :: ['cloxacillin']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['septicaemia']


abstract: The aim of the present collaborative study was to calibrate two candidate replacement standards for @entity116 vaccine for @entity1 use in the terms of the Second International Standard (IS) for @entity116 Toxoid, Adsorbed (TEXA-2) using challenge potency assays in @entity840 and @entity19 and to establish the 3rd IS and the Ph. Eur. BRP batch 2. Two test preparations (coded B and C) were included as candidate replacement for TEXA-2 and Ph. Eur. BRP batch 1 (EBRP-1). This project was run as a joint WHO/Ph. Eur. study. Twenty-seven laboratories representing nineteen countries participated in the study. Twenty-three laboratories performed assays in @entity19 (11 laboratories performed lethal, 11 @entity912 , and one serology assays) and fourteen laboratories performed assays in @entity840 (10 laboratories performed lethal and 4 @entity912 assays). Estimates of potency, expressed in ampoule of TEXA-2 per ampoule of candidate replacement standards were two-fold higher in @entity19 than in @entity840 . However, using the assumed relationship between TEXA-1 and TEXA-2 in @entity19 and @entity840 (Lyng and Nyerges, 1984), potency estimates for candidate replacement standards (sample coded B and C), in terms of TEXA-1, gives estimates which are similar in both animal models. Stability was assessed within the collaborative study for candidate standard B. On the basis of this collaborative study, the ECBS of WHO has established the candidate material coded B as the Third IS for @entity116 Toxoid, Adsorbed, with an assigned unitage of 469 IU/ampoule, based on its calibration by @entity840 challenge assays (WHO report BS/00.1932). Further studies were organised to assess which of the two candidate standards is most suitable as replacement for EBRP-1. Manufacturers were asked to include candidate B and candidate C in their routine quality control potency assays of @entity116 vaccines in order to assess the impact of the use of either preparation on their calibration results. The features and results of this additional phase are described at the end of this report in a separate section entitled "Choice of replacement batch for EBRP-1". Based on these results, at the session in March 2001, the Ph. Eur. Commission adopted candidate B as the @entity116 vaccine (adsorbed) Ph. Eur. BRP Batch 2 with assigned potencies of 469 IU/ampoule for the @entity840 assays and 496 IU/ampoule for the @entity19 assays.

title: Collaborative study for the establishment of XXXX vaccine (adsorbed) Third International Standard and European Pharmacopoeia Biological Reference Preparation batch no. 2.

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the impact of different levels of risk of disease on a @entity1 's preferences for health states. @entity1 were provided with health scenarios incorporating different levels of lifetime risks for @entity0 , @entity173 , and @entity301 ( @entity301 ). In this way, we were able to determine the incremental effect of changes in risks of each disease on preference values. METHODS AND DATA: Preference values and utility scores were obtained for six health scenarios by both the feeling thermometer (FT) and standard gamble (SG) methods. Scenarios presented the different lifetime risks of @entity301 , @entity0 , and @entity173 associated with and not associated with long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and @entity441 . Risks of @entity0 were based on perceived risks and population risks. The sample population consisted of 40 healthy female volunteers aged between 45 and 65 years randomly selected from the Ottawa-Carleton district. RESULTS: Based on their perceived risk of @entity0 , the @entity1 had higher value scores for the @entity441 risk profile than for both HRT (p = .002) and no therapy (p = .003), with similar results for analyses based on population risks and from utility scores. Regression analysis showed that the risk of @entity0 (p < .001) was the only disease risk that was statistically significantly associated with @entity1 's preferences. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 had significant preferences over the different risk profiles, primarily due to the incremental effect on changes in values for the risk of @entity0 . Therefore, studies evaluating therapies for @entity170 should consider @entity1 preferences for living with different risk profiles.

title: The impact of risk on preference values: implications for evaluations of XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']


abstract: Early-stage nondemented @entity191 ( @entity1726 (es)) @entity1 can learn short but not long sequences as well as controls. We have previously shown that to achieve normal performance, @entity1726 (es) @entity1 activated the same right-sided cortical regions as controls plus the homologous left sided cortex and bilateral cerebellum. In this study, we evaluated two related hypotheses to explain the @entity146 and the increased bilateral brain activation observed in the @entity1726 (es) group. Hypothesis 1 proposed that @entity1726 (es) @entity1 recruit regions from a normal bilateral network specialized for sequence learning that healthy controls would activate if performing difficult tasks. Thus, @entity1726 (es) @entity1 can learn short sequences as well as controls. Hypothesis 2 proposed that information processing within the network in the @entity1726 (es) group is impaired. Thus, @entity1726 (es) @entity1 cannot learn as difficult a sequence as controls. To test hypothesis 1, we increased task difficulty and statistical power in the control group and showed that the control and the @entity1726 (es) groups activated the same regions. To test hypothesis 2, we analyzed the equal performance data using two @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) multivariate analyses. The task- @entity1625 analysis showed that to perform equally with controls, the @entity1726 (es) group expressed the normal bilateral network more than the control group. The behavior- @entity1625 analysis showed that the correlation between learning performance and regional activation was significantly different between the groups. We conclude that @entity1726 (es) @entity1 have near normal learning if task difficulty is moderate because they can recruit additional regions from a normal bilateral network specialized for sequence learning. However, when a difficult task would normally require bilateral activation, @entity1726 (es) @entity1 fail to learn because information processing within the network is impaired. Hum. Brain Mapp. 20:246-258, 2003.

title: Early stage XXXX @entity1 and normal volunteers: comparative mechanisms of sequence learning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['partial least squares', 'PLS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Early-stage nondemented @entity191 ( @entity1726 (es)) @entity1 can learn short but not long sequences as well as controls. We have previously shown that to achieve normal performance, @entity1726 (es) @entity1 activated the same right-sided cortical regions as controls plus the homologous left sided cortex and bilateral cerebellum. In this study, we evaluated two related hypotheses to explain the @entity146 and the increased bilateral brain activation observed in the @entity1726 (es) group. Hypothesis 1 proposed that @entity1726 (es) @entity1 recruit regions from a normal bilateral network specialized for sequence learning that healthy controls would activate if performing difficult tasks. Thus, @entity1726 (es) @entity1 can learn short sequences as well as controls. Hypothesis 2 proposed that information processing within the network in the @entity1726 (es) group is impaired. Thus, @entity1726 (es) @entity1 cannot learn as difficult a sequence as controls. To test hypothesis 1, we increased task difficulty and statistical power in the control group and showed that the control and the @entity1726 (es) groups activated the same regions. To test hypothesis 2, we analyzed the equal performance data using two @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) multivariate analyses. The task- @entity1625 analysis showed that to perform equally with controls, the @entity1726 (es) group expressed the normal bilateral network more than the control group. The behavior- @entity1625 analysis showed that the correlation between learning performance and regional activation was significantly different between the groups. We conclude that @entity1726 (es) @entity1 have near normal learning if task difficulty is moderate because they can recruit additional regions from a normal bilateral network specialized for sequence learning. However, when a difficult task would normally require bilateral activation, @entity1726 (es) @entity1 fail to learn because information processing within the network is impaired. Hum. Brain Mapp. 20:246-258, 2003.

title: Early stage @entity191 XXXX and normal volunteers: comparative mechanisms of sequence learning.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']