abstract: PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep @entity386 is associated with voiding symptoms in @entity1 and animals, and yet its effects on the urinary tract are poorly understood. We examined bladder structure and function, markers of oxidative damage and the redox survival pathway in a @entity35 model of @entity27 to identify changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To model @entity27 we used a @entity35 oxycycler system to create cyclical interruption in breathing @entity26 , thereby producing intermittent @entity519 . Male @entity35 were divided into an @entity27 , a sham treated and a control group of 8 each. After 8-week exposure to @entity27 we assessed daytime and nighttime @entity35 voiding behavior in metabolic cages. Cystometrograms were done and bladder tissue was processed for biochemical assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Increased urinary frequency and total urine output developed in @entity35 exposed to @entity27 . Cystometric changes included detrusor instability, bladder noncompliance and increased spontaneous contractions. These changes were associated with bladder oxidative stress characterized by significant increases in tissue levels of @entity1234 and advanced oxidation protein products. Obstructive sleep @entity386 activated cell survival signaling manifested by increased expression of @entity21203 and phosphorylated @entity2308 . Transmission electron microscopy revealed marked ultrastructural damage to subcellular elements. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent @entity519 in @entity27 causes oxidative stress with ultrastructural and functional changes in the bladder. Sleep @entity386 related @entity2183 /voiding symptoms could be the result of these direct changes. Untreated sleep @entity386 has significant health consequences. Identifying urinary oxidative stress products in @entity1 with @entity2183 may be useful as an economical noninvasive biomarker to identify undiagnosed @entity27 .

title: Bladder Oxidative Stress in Sleep Apnea Contributes to Detrusor Instability and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea conditions', 'obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'rats', 'Sprague Dawley   rats']

answer: @entity2183 :: (MESH:D053158,Disease) :: ['Nocturia']


abstract: Clustering and interrelationships of common and easily identifiable risk factors in 951 @entity1 (ages 6-19) from the Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic's Princeton School of District Study were assessed. Several patterns of partial correlation coeffieients appeared after multiple regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, Quetelet index, and race. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was positively correlated with plasma @entity165 and @entity412 , and with saturated fat intake. Plasma high density lipoprotein @entity165 (C-HDL) was positively associated with occupation of the head of the household and inversely associated with cigarette smoking and @entity969 intake. Using multiple regression equations, from 29-41% of the variance for SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) could be explained by the measured variables, with age, skinfold thickness, Quetelet, occupation, and education of the head of the household recurrently appearing in the regression equatons. Low density lipoprotein @entity165 (C-HDL) was the variable for which the lowest amount of variance could be explained in the four race-sex groups. Discriminant function analysis allowed an assessment of interrelationships of C-LDL-C-HDL aggregate groups to other risk factor mean residuals. The variables which contributed significantly to the discrimination between lipoprotein groups were Quetelet index, skinfold thickness, and DBP. @entity1 in the highest C-LHL-lowest C-HDL quintile group had by far the highest residual Quetelet index and skinfold thickness, along with above average SBP, while those in The lowest C-LDL-highest C-HDL quintile group had the lowest residual Quetelet index, skinfold thickness, and SBP. Common risk and anti-risk factors for @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in @entity1 cluster, allowing identification of groups of @entity1 putatively at relatively high and low @entity301 risk as adults.

title: Clustering and interrelationships of XXXX risk factors in schoolchildren, ages 6-19.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine the public's attitudes and predictors of social distance towards @entity1 afflicted by @entity1277 ( @entity1278 [BN]) under specific consideration of the respondents' sex. @entity1277 are still often seen as a @entity1 's health issue, and those afflicted remain stigmatized in Western societies. The concept of social distance is a frequently used indicator in awareness campaigns. Sex-specific results could add important information to destigmatization programs. METHODS: Data originate from a German telephone survey which was conducted in 2011. Vignettes with signs and symptoms either suggestive of @entity1278 or BN were presented to the respondents randomly, who subsequently answered questions regarding beliefs about causes, contact to @entity1 afflicted as well as desire for social distance. Stratified multiple linear regression analyses according to disorder under study were performed to examine associations between different predictors and desire for social distance. RESULTS: There were significant sex differences in desire for social distance, causal attributions, and emotional reactions towards @entity1 with @entity1277 . E.g., with respect to @entity1278 , @entity1 exhibited a significantly greater desire for social distance than @entity1 (p<.001), and more frequently believed that @entity1278 could be caused by @entity458 during childhood. Regarding predictors of social distance, there was a significant positive association between age and desire for social distance equally among @entity1 and @entity1 . However, distinct sex differences came into effect concerning other predictors depending on the @entity1277 under study. In BN, attribution of @entity75 emerged as significant predictor of social distance among @entity1 . This is not true for @entity1 , where the attribution of weak will significantly predicted the desire for social distance. CONCLUSION: Sex-dependent differences in attitudes and predictors of social distance towards females afflicted should be met with tailored measures in anti-stigma campaigns, addressing @entity1 and @entity1 on different levels.

title: Sex differences in attitudes towards females with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disease']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'anorexia nervosa [AN] and bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Eating disorders', 'eating disorder', 'eating disorders']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The risk factors for cement leakage were retrospectively reviewed in 192 @entity1 who underwent percutaneous vertebral augmentation (PVA). OBJECTIVE: To discuss the factors related to the cement leakage in PVA procedure for the treatment of @entity3814 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: PVA is widely applied for the treatment of @entity3604 . Cement leakage is a major complication of this procedure. The risk factors for cement leakage were controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 192 @entity1 who underwent PVA was conducted. The following data were recorded: age, sex, bone density, number of fractured vertebrae before surgery, number of treated vertebrae, severity of the treated vertebrae, operative approach, volume of injected bone cement, preoperative vertebral compression ratio, preoperative @entity1513 , intraosseous clefts, preoperative @entity79 , and ratio and type of cement leakage. To study the correlation between each factor and cement leakage ratio, bivariate regression analysis was employed to perform univariate analysis, whereas multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to perform multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The study included 192 @entity1 (282 treated vertebrae), and cement leakage occurred in 100 vertebrae (35.46%). The vertebrae with preoperative cortical bone defects generally exhibited higher cement leakage ratio, and the leakage is typically type C. Vertebrae with intact cortical bones before the procedure tend to experience type S leakage. Univariate analysis showed that @entity1 age, bone density, number of fractured vertebrae before surgery, and vertebral cortical bone were associated with cement leakage ratio (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the main factors influencing bone cement leakage are bone density and @entity79 , with standardized partial regression coefficients of -0.085 and 0.144, respectively. CONCLUSION: High bone density and @entity79 are independent risk factors associated with bone cement leakage.

title: Cement Leakage in Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation for XXXX : Analysis of Risk Factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['local kyphosis angle']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral cortical bone defect']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide prevalence estimates for @entity615 ( @entity615 ) and @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) in those subjects with @entity1569 using 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. METHODS: In the NHANES 2009-2010 sample set, 6,684 @entity1 ages 20-69 years were screened for participation, and 5,103 answered questions regarding onset of back @entity158 , location of @entity158 , and functional limitations. Data set assembly and statistical analysis were performed using SASTM and SUDAAN software. SEs were estimated by Taylor series linearization. The equality of the prevalence estimates for selected variables was tested (univariately) at an alpha level of 0.05 using 2-sided Student's t-test with appropriate degrees of freedom. RESULTS: A total of 148 @entity1 had self-reported medically diagnosed @entity1569 . The @entity1569 group versus the nonpsoriasis group had a significantly higher prevalence of @entity158 using the 3-month duration criterion (31.1% versus 18.9%; P   =   0.04) and alternating buttock @entity158 (7.2% versus 2.4%; P   =   0.03) and more frequently met @entity615 criteria from Berlin criteria 7b and 8a (P   =   0.04 and 0.02, respectively). The prevalence of @entity1691 was significantly higher in the @entity1569 group versus the nonpsoriasis group when using Amor or @entity1691 Study Group criteria (14.3% versus 1.5%; P   <   0.001). Sudden onset of @entity158 was significantly higher in the @entity1569 group (23.3% versus 13.0%; P   =   0.01). CONCLUSION: There is a higher prevalence of lower @entity158 , @entity615 , @entity1691 , and alternating buttock @entity158 associated with a prior diagnosis of @entity1569 . These data may influence the way @entity1569 @entity1 are approached in primary care and specialty clinics.

title: Prevalence of Chronic Axial @entity158 , and XXXX in Diagnosed Psoriasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory back pain', 'IBP']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthritis', 'SpA', 'European Spondyloarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'axial pain']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['Spondyloarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide prevalence estimates for @entity615 ( @entity615 ) and @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) in those subjects with @entity1569 using 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. METHODS: In the NHANES 2009-2010 sample set, 6,684 @entity1 ages 20-69 years were screened for participation, and 5,103 answered questions regarding onset of back @entity158 , location of @entity158 , and functional limitations. Data set assembly and statistical analysis were performed using SASTM and SUDAAN software. SEs were estimated by Taylor series linearization. The equality of the prevalence estimates for selected variables was tested (univariately) at an alpha level of 0.05 using 2-sided Student's t-test with appropriate degrees of freedom. RESULTS: A total of 148 @entity1 had self-reported medically diagnosed @entity1569 . The @entity1569 group versus the nonpsoriasis group had a significantly higher prevalence of @entity158 using the 3-month duration criterion (31.1% versus 18.9%; P   =   0.04) and alternating buttock @entity158 (7.2% versus 2.4%; P   =   0.03) and more frequently met @entity615 criteria from Berlin criteria 7b and 8a (P   =   0.04 and 0.02, respectively). The prevalence of @entity1691 was significantly higher in the @entity1569 group versus the nonpsoriasis group when using Amor or @entity1691 Study Group criteria (14.3% versus 1.5%; P   <   0.001). Sudden onset of @entity158 was significantly higher in the @entity1569 group (23.3% versus 13.0%; P   =   0.01). CONCLUSION: There is a higher prevalence of lower @entity158 , @entity615 , @entity1691 , and alternating buttock @entity158 associated with a prior diagnosis of @entity1569 . These data may influence the way @entity1569 @entity1 are approached in primary care and specialty clinics.

title: Prevalence of Chronic Axial XXXX , and @entity1691 in Diagnosed Psoriasis.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain, Inflammatory Back Pain']


abstract: @entity1 infrequently present to the general emergency department with what appears to be a severe @entity146 condition needing rapid differentiation from urgent and emergency medical problems for proper initial disposition and treatment. These include @entity1 with both acute conversion reactions and those in acute @entity2437 or pseudocatatonic states. Fifteen consecutive @entity1 (11 @entity1 and four @entity1 ranging in age from 17 to 62) with these symptoms underwent interviews under intravenous @entity20611 in the emergency department. Five of these @entity1 presented with acute @entity912 of extremities. Ten presented in a state of vigilant awareness similar to, or identical with, @entity2436 . Using this technique, all 15 @entity1 had the presumptive @entity146 nature of their underlying condition quickly confirmed. The five @entity1 with conversion reactions have no recurrence to date. Four of the 10 @entity2436 -type @entity1 had resolution of their symptoms without recurrence. All 15 @entity1 responded to 500 mg or less of @entity20611 . There were no complications. Two cases are discussed.

title: The emergency XXXX interview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity20611 :: ('MESH:D000654', 'Chemical') :: ['amobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2436 :: ('MESH:D002389', 'Disease') :: ['catatonia']

entities_list: @entity2437 :: ('MESH:D012560', 'Disease') :: ['catatonic']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity20611 :: (MESH:D000654,Chemical) :: ['amobarbital']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity158 is not always correlated with severity of @entity571 ( @entity571 ), possibly because @entity1 modify activities to manage symptoms. Measures of symptoms that consider @entity158 in the context of activity level may therefore provide greater discrimination than a measure of @entity158 alone. We undertook this study to compare discrimination provided by a measure of @entity158 alone with that provided by combined measures of @entity158 in the context of physical activity across radiographic @entity571 severity levels. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study nested within the @entity571 ( @entity571 ). The population was drawn from 2,127 @entity1 enrolled in an @entity571 accelerometer monitoring substudy, including those with and those without knee @entity571 . Two composite @entity158 and activity knee symptom (PAKS) scores were calculated as the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) @entity158 score (plus 1) divided by a physical activity measure (step count for the first PAKS score [PAKS1 score] and activity count for the second PAKS score [PAKS2 score]). Symptom score discrimination across Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) grades was evaluated using histograms and quantile regression. RESULTS: A total of 1,806 @entity1 (55.5% of whom were @entity1 ) were included (mean        SD age 65.1      9.1 years, mean        SD body mass index 28.4        4.8 kg/m(2) ). The @entity158 score, but not the PAKS scores, exhibited a floor effect. The adjusted median @entity158 scores by K/L grades 0-4 were 0, 0, 0, 1, and 3, respectively. The adjusted median PAKS1 scores were 24.9, 26.0, 32.4, 46.1, and 97.9, respectively, and the adjusted median PAKS2 scores were 7.2, 7.2, 9.2, 12.9, and 23.8, respectively. The PAKS scores had more statistically significant comparisons between K/L grades than did the @entity158 score. CONCLUSION: Symptom assessments incorporating @entity158 and physical activity did not exhibit a floor effect and were better able to discriminate radiographic severity than an assessment of @entity158 alone, particularly in milder disease. @entity158 in the context of physical activity level should be used to assess knee @entity571 symptoms.

title: Symptom assessment in knee XXXX needs to account for physical activity level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OAI', 'radiographic osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis Initiative', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['WOMAC pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous lidocaine infusion has been clearly demonstrated as effective for @entity158 in randomized controlled trials, but the belief that cardiac monitoring is required for safe administration is a barrier to access in the palliative care setting. There are also multiple infusion protocols reported in the literature. We have been administering lidocaine infusions for severe @entity5 @entity158 at the BC Cancer Agency (BCCA) since 2003, without electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring. Our simple protocol is for 5   mg/kg to be infused over 1 hour, with the option for subsequent doses to be increased if necessary, up to a maximum of 10   mg/kg. Our aim with this study is to share 11 years of our experience with this protocol. METHODS: This is a retrospective case series. Records of @entity1 who received at least one lidocaine infusion for @entity158 between 2003 and 2013 at the BCCA were reviewed. The primary end points were the documentation of clinical benefit and adverse effects. RESULTS: A total of 122 lidocaine infusions were administered in 51 individual @entity1 . Twenty-five (49%) had a major response, 12 (23.5%) had a minor response, and 14 (27.5%) were considered nonresponders. Twenty-two (43.1%) @entity1 were noted to have some adverse effect during at least one of the infusions, but only 1 (1.9%) @entity1 had the infusion permanently discontinued. The most common side effects were drowsiness (30.7%), perioral @entity1183 (13.4%), @entity390 (5.7%), and minor fluctuations of blood pressure (3.8%). CONCLUSIONS: This case series demonstrates that our protocol of infusional lidocaine can be beneficial to @entity1 with @entity5 with severe @entity158 , and can safely be administered with close observation and vital sign monitoring, without ECG monitoring. Lidocaine infusion is a useful option to consider when other @entity158 treatments have not been successful. Although only approximately half of @entity1 will respond well, there is little harm to be expected from a trial of lidocaine infusion and responders can be repeatedly treated. This treatment could be delivered in palliative care units, hospices, or even @entity1 ' homes, providing suitable nursing supervision can be provided.

title: Intravenous Lidocaine for XXXX without Electrocardiographic Monitoring: A Retrospective Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'opioid-refractory pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The hormone @entity1 islet amyloid polypeptide ( @entity2532 or @entity2532 ) plays a role in @entity413 metabolism, but forms amyloid in the @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and is associated with b-cell death and dysfunction in the disease. Inhibitors of islet amyloid have therapeutic potential, however there are no clinically approved inhibitors and the mode of action of existing inhibitors is not well understood. @entity35 @entity18670 (rIAPP), differs from @entity2532 at six positions, does not form amyloid and is an inhibitor of amyloid formation by @entity2532 . Five of the six differences are located within residues 20-29, and three of them are Pro residues, which are well known disruptors of b-sheet structure. rIAPP is thus a natural example of a "b-breaker inhibitor"; a molecule which combines a recognition element with an entity that inhibits b-sheet formation. Pramlintide (PM) is a peptide drug approved for use as an adjunct to insulin therapy for treatment of @entity6 . PM was developed by introducing the three Pro substitutions found in rIAPP into @entity2532 . Thus, it more closely resembles the @entity1 peptide than does rIAPP. Here we examine and compare the ability of rIAPP, PM and a set of designed analogs of @entity2532 to inhibit amyloid formation by @entity2532 , in order to elucidate the factors which lead to effective peptide based inhibitors. Our results reveal, for this class of molecules, a balance between the reduced amyloidogenicity of the inhibitory sequence on the one hand and its ability to recognize @entity2532 on the other.

title: Analysis of the Ability of Pramlintide to Inhibit Amyloid Formation by XXXX Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Reveals a Balance between Optimum Recognition and Reduced Amyloidgenicity.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'pancreas in type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity417 remains the principal management challenge for @entity1 with lower risk @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). Despite appropriate cytokine production and cellular receptor display, @entity5859 ( @entity5859 ) signaling is impaired. We reported that @entity5859 signaling is dependent upon receptor localization within lipid raft microdomains, and that disruption of raft integrity abolishes signaling capacity. Here, we show that @entity2590 erythroid progenitors display markedly diminished raft assembly and smaller raft aggregates compared to normal controls (p=0.005, raft number; p=0.023, raft size). Because @entity6985 triggers raft coalescence in T-lymphocytes promoting immune synapse formation, we assessed effects of @entity6985 on raft assembly in @entity2590 erythroid precursors and @entity1 cells. @entity6985 treatment rapidly induced lipid raft formation accompanied by @entity5859 recruitment into raft fractions together with @entity11715 , @entity4016 , and @entity18226 kinase. The @entity4016 phosphatase, @entity1195 , a key negative regulator of @entity5859 signaling, was displaced from raft fractions. @entity6985 treatment prior to Epo stimulation enhanced both @entity4016 and @entity11715 phosphorylation in UT7 and primary @entity2590 erythroid progenitors, accompanied by increased @entity11715 DNA binding in @entity1 cells, and increased erythroid colony forming capacity in both @entity1 and primary cells. Raft induction was associated with F-actin polymerization, which was blocked by Rho kinase inhibition. These data indicate that deficient raft integrity impairs @entity5859 signaling, and provides a novel strategy to enhance @entity5859 signal fidelity in non-del(5q) @entity2590 .

title: @entity6985 induces lipid raft assembly to enhance erythropoietin receptor signaling in XXXX progenitors.

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin receptor', 'EpoR']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['Myelodysplastic Syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide', 'lenalidomide']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: @entity417 remains the principal management challenge for @entity1 with lower risk @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). Despite appropriate cytokine production and cellular receptor display, @entity5859 ( @entity5859 ) signaling is impaired. We reported that @entity5859 signaling is dependent upon receptor localization within lipid raft microdomains, and that disruption of raft integrity abolishes signaling capacity. Here, we show that @entity2590 erythroid progenitors display markedly diminished raft assembly and smaller raft aggregates compared to normal controls (p=0.005, raft number; p=0.023, raft size). Because @entity6985 triggers raft coalescence in T-lymphocytes promoting immune synapse formation, we assessed effects of @entity6985 on raft assembly in @entity2590 erythroid precursors and @entity1 cells. @entity6985 treatment rapidly induced lipid raft formation accompanied by @entity5859 recruitment into raft fractions together with @entity11715 , @entity4016 , and @entity18226 kinase. The @entity4016 phosphatase, @entity1195 , a key negative regulator of @entity5859 signaling, was displaced from raft fractions. @entity6985 treatment prior to Epo stimulation enhanced both @entity4016 and @entity11715 phosphorylation in UT7 and primary @entity2590 erythroid progenitors, accompanied by increased @entity11715 DNA binding in @entity1 cells, and increased erythroid colony forming capacity in both @entity1 and primary cells. Raft induction was associated with F-actin polymerization, which was blocked by Rho kinase inhibition. These data indicate that deficient raft integrity impairs @entity5859 signaling, and provides a novel strategy to enhance @entity5859 signal fidelity in non-del(5q) @entity2590 .

title: XXXX induces lipid raft assembly to enhance erythropoietin receptor signaling in @entity2590 progenitors.

answer: @entity6985 :: (MESH:C467567,Chemical) :: ['Lenalidomide']


abstract: @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) is a heterogeneous group of non-invasive lesions of the breast that result from abnormal proliferation of mammary epithelial cells. Pathologists characterize @entity3821 by four tissue morphologies (micropapillary, cribriform, solid, and comedo), but the underlying mechanisms that distinguish the development and progression of these morphologies are not well understood. Here we explored the conditions leading to the emergence of the different morphologies of @entity3821 using a two-dimensional multi-cell lattice-based model that incorporates cell proliferation, apoptosis, @entity39 , adhesion, and contractility. We found that the relative rates of cell proliferation and apoptosis governed which of the four morphologies emerged. High proliferation and low apoptosis favored the emergence of solid and comedo morphologies. In contrast, low proliferation and high apoptosis led to the micropapillary morphology, whereas high proliferation and high apoptosis led to the cribriform morphology. The natural progression between morphologies cannot be investigated in vivo since lesions are usually surgically removed upon detection; however, our model suggests probable transitions between these morphologies during @entity0 progression. Importantly, cribriform and comedo appear to be the ultimate morphologies of @entity3821 . Motivated by previous experimental studies demonstrating that @entity5 cells behave differently depending on where they are located within the mammary duct in vivo or in engineered tissues, we examined the effects of tissue geometry on the progression of @entity3821 . In agreement with our previous experimental work, we found that cells are more likely to invade from the end of ducts and that this preferential invasion is regulated by cell adhesion and contractility. This model provides additional insight into @entity5 cell behavior and allows the exploration of phenotypic transitions not easily monitored in vivo.

title: Lattice-based model of ductal carcinoma in situ suggests rules for XXXX progression to an invasive state.

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1526 ( @entity1526 ) used to be a disease restricted to Latin America, but has become a worldwide problem due to @entity281 individuals to developed countries. Electrocardiography has been considered an essential exam to evaluate @entity1526 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: This study sought to identify prevalent @entity854 in a large sample of @entity1526 @entity1 evaluated in the primary care setting. METHODS: This retrospective observational study assessed all consecutive digital 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECG) performed by the Telehealth Network of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from January 1 to December 31, 2011. In that time, the service attended primary care @entity1 in 660 cities in the Minas Gerais province. @entity1526 was self-reported, and the individuals who did not report having @entity1526 were considered noninfected. The prevalence of @entity854 was assessed. RESULTS: Self-reported @entity1526 @entity1 comprised 7,590 (2.9%) of 264,324 @entity1 who underwent ECG during the study period. The mean age for @entity1526 @entity1 was 57.0    13.7 years, and 64.1% of @entity1 were @entity1 . The most common comorbidities were @entity101 (61.3%), @entity6 (9.1%), and @entity2299 (6.9%), and 10.7% were smokers. The most frequent @entity854 were nonspecific repolarization abnormalities (34.6%), @entity714 ( @entity714 ) (22.7%), @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) (22.5%), @entity1540 (5.4%), and @entity955 (5.4%). Only 31.5% of the @entity1 had no electrocardiographic abnormality versus 61.2% in noninfected individuals (p < 0.001). The prevalence of normal ECG decreased with aging and was significantly lower than for noninfected individuals in all age groups. Pacemaker rhythm (odds ratio [OR]: 13.3, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 11.5 to 15.4), @entity714 (OR: 10.7, 95% CI: 10.1 to 11.4), especially in association with @entity1347 (OR: 12.1, 95% CI: 11.2 to 13.0), second @entity713 (OR: 4.1, 95% CI: 2.5 to 6.6), and third @entity713 (OR: 13.3, 95% CI: 11.5 to 15.4) were strongly related to @entity1526 . CONCLUSIONS: In this large sample of primary care @entity1 with @entity1526 , there was a high prevalence of @entity854 . Pacemaker rhythm, @entity714 , especially in association with @entity1347 , and second and third @entity713 were strongly related to @entity1526 .

title: Electrocardiogram and Chagas Disease: A Large Population Database of Primary Care XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAH', 'left anterior hemiblock']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['ChD', 'Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['migration of infected']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['electrocardiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature beats']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM: Dissection of the perineal body (PB) during abdominoperineal excision (APE) for @entity5 is often difficult due to lack of a natural plane of dissection. Understanding of the PB and its relation to the anorectum is essential to permit safe dissection during the perineal phase of the operation, to avoid damage to the anorectum and urogenital organs. This study describes the anatomy and histology of the PB relevant to APE. METHOD: Six @entity1 adult cadaver pelvic exenteration specimens (three males, three females) from the Leeds GIFT Research Tissue Programme were studied. @entity982 -embedded mega-blocks were produced and serially sectioned at 50 and 250  m intervals. Sections were stained by immunohistochemistry to show collagen, @entity2362 and smooth muscle. RESULTS: The PB was cylindrically-shaped in males and wedge-shaped in females. Although centrally located between the anal and urogenital triangles, it was nearly completely formed by muscle fibres derived from the @entity5584 . Thick bundles of smooth muscle mostly arising from the longitudinal muscle, inserted into the PB and @entity121 ( @entity121 ). The recto-urethralis muscle originated from the PB and separated the anterolateral PB from the urogenital organs. CONCLUSION: Smooth muscle fibres derived from the @entity5584 extend into the PB and @entity121 and appear to fix the anorectum. Dissection of the PB during APE is safe only when the smooth muscle fibres that extend into the PB are divided. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: The anatomy of the perineal body in relation to abdominoperineal excision for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['rectal muscularis propria']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['levator ani muscle', 'LAM']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['low rectal cancer']


abstract: Epidemiological studies have associated air particulate matter (PM) inhalation with a decline in lung function and increased morbo-mortality due to @entity66 , particularly in susceptible populations. Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 ) is a chronic @entity792 characterized by cellular infiltration in exocrine glands and extraglandular tissue, being the respiratory tract an important target. We evaluated the effect of PM on the airways of NOD @entity19 , which develop @entity244 and BALB/c @entity19 . BALB/c or NOD @entity19 (2-3 months) were randomized in two groups and exposed to intranasal instillation either with saline (control) or ROFA solution (1mg/kg body weight). After 24h, @entity19 were euthanized in order to perform lung histology, or measure total cell number (TCN), differential cell count (DCC) and @entity224 anion generation in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. BALB/c @entity19 showed normal histoarchitecture, while NOD @entity19 showed lymphocytic peribronchial infiltrates. ROFA exposure affected the respiratory tract from both BALB/c and NOD @entity19 , with a significant increase in the TCN (p<0.05) and generation of O2(-) (p<0.05), as well as an imbalance in the DCC (p<0.05). All histological observations correlated with the cellular parameters evaluated. Lesions in NOD @entity19 were more severe than those of BALB/c, showing cellular infiltration in the alveoli and leading to a greater decrease in the alveolar space. We have proved that in this experimental Sj  @entity244 animal model (NOD @entity19 ); airborne pollution exacerbates pre-existing @entity358 . These findings show experimental evidence on the harmful effects of airborne pollution on the airways of @entity1 with Sj  @entity244 .

title: Air particulate matter exacerbates lung response on Sj  XXXX animals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["gren's Syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['gren's Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No reference second-line treatment of @entity151 is available. The aim of the present phase II randomized trial (Groupe Fran  ais de Pneumo-Canc  rologie 0501) was to compare, in @entity1 with progressive @entity151 after first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy, oral multidrug chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) and intravenous therapy with @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ( @entity3895 ) in terms of efficacy and tolerance. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, response rate, and tolerance. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study randomized 131 @entity1 (76.7% male; median age, 61    8.1 years, 85.5% with a performance status of 0-1), 65 to oral therapy and 66 to the @entity3895 arm. No statistically significant differences were found in the baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: The OS and PFS was 6.1 and 3 months for the oral arm and 5.8 and 3.1 months for the @entity3895 arm, respectively. The control disease rate was 61.6% and 45.5% in oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively. No unexpected adverse events occurred, and no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 arms in terms of @entity137 (grade 4 hematologic adverse events in 32.3% and 31.8% of @entity1 in the oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively). CONCLUSION: Compared with @entity3895 , oral therapy in this setting appears as feasible as, but not superior to, the efficacy in the @entity3895 arm.

title: Second-Line Oral Chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) Versus Intravenous Therapy ( @entity786 , XXXX , and @entity1891 ) in @entity1 With @entity151 : A Randomized Phase II Study of GFPC 0501.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Doxorubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No reference second-line treatment of @entity151 is available. The aim of the present phase II randomized trial (Groupe Fran  ais de Pneumo-Canc  rologie 0501) was to compare, in @entity1 with progressive @entity151 after first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy, oral multidrug chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) and intravenous therapy with @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ( @entity3895 ) in terms of efficacy and tolerance. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, response rate, and tolerance. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study randomized 131 @entity1 (76.7% male; median age, 61    8.1 years, 85.5% with a performance status of 0-1), 65 to oral therapy and 66 to the @entity3895 arm. No statistically significant differences were found in the baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: The OS and PFS was 6.1 and 3 months for the oral arm and 5.8 and 3.1 months for the @entity3895 arm, respectively. The control disease rate was 61.6% and 45.5% in oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively. No unexpected adverse events occurred, and no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 arms in terms of @entity137 (grade 4 hematologic adverse events in 32.3% and 31.8% of @entity1 in the oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively). CONCLUSION: Compared with @entity3895 , oral therapy in this setting appears as feasible as, but not superior to, the efficacy in the @entity3895 arm.

title: Second-Line Oral Chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) Versus Intravenous Therapy ( @entity786 , @entity632 , and XXXX ) in @entity1 With @entity151 : A Randomized Phase II Study of GFPC 0501.

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['Vincristine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No reference second-line treatment of @entity151 is available. The aim of the present phase II randomized trial (Groupe Fran  ais de Pneumo-Canc  rologie 0501) was to compare, in @entity1 with progressive @entity151 after first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy, oral multidrug chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) and intravenous therapy with @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ( @entity3895 ) in terms of efficacy and tolerance. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, response rate, and tolerance. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study randomized 131 @entity1 (76.7% male; median age, 61    8.1 years, 85.5% with a performance status of 0-1), 65 to oral therapy and 66 to the @entity3895 arm. No statistically significant differences were found in the baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: The OS and PFS was 6.1 and 3 months for the oral arm and 5.8 and 3.1 months for the @entity3895 arm, respectively. The control disease rate was 61.6% and 45.5% in oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively. No unexpected adverse events occurred, and no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 arms in terms of @entity137 (grade 4 hematologic adverse events in 32.3% and 31.8% of @entity1 in the oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively). CONCLUSION: Compared with @entity3895 , oral therapy in this setting appears as feasible as, but not superior to, the efficacy in the @entity3895 arm.

title: Second-Line Oral Chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , XXXX , @entity2879 ) Versus Intravenous Therapy ( @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ) in @entity1 With @entity151 : A Randomized Phase II Study of GFPC 0501.

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['Cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No reference second-line treatment of @entity151 is available. The aim of the present phase II randomized trial (Groupe Fran  ais de Pneumo-Canc  rologie 0501) was to compare, in @entity1 with progressive @entity151 after first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy, oral multidrug chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) and intravenous therapy with @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ( @entity3895 ) in terms of efficacy and tolerance. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, response rate, and tolerance. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study randomized 131 @entity1 (76.7% male; median age, 61    8.1 years, 85.5% with a performance status of 0-1), 65 to oral therapy and 66 to the @entity3895 arm. No statistically significant differences were found in the baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: The OS and PFS was 6.1 and 3 months for the oral arm and 5.8 and 3.1 months for the @entity3895 arm, respectively. The control disease rate was 61.6% and 45.5% in oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively. No unexpected adverse events occurred, and no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 arms in terms of @entity137 (grade 4 hematologic adverse events in 32.3% and 31.8% of @entity1 in the oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively). CONCLUSION: Compared with @entity3895 , oral therapy in this setting appears as feasible as, but not superior to, the efficacy in the @entity3895 arm.

title: Second-Line Oral Chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) Versus Intravenous Therapy ( XXXX , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ) in @entity1 With @entity151 : A Randomized Phase II Study of GFPC 0501.

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['Cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No reference second-line treatment of @entity151 is available. The aim of the present phase II randomized trial (Groupe Fran  ais de Pneumo-Canc  rologie 0501) was to compare, in @entity1 with progressive @entity151 after first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy, oral multidrug chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) and intravenous therapy with @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ( @entity3895 ) in terms of efficacy and tolerance. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, response rate, and tolerance. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study randomized 131 @entity1 (76.7% male; median age, 61    8.1 years, 85.5% with a performance status of 0-1), 65 to oral therapy and 66 to the @entity3895 arm. No statistically significant differences were found in the baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: The OS and PFS was 6.1 and 3 months for the oral arm and 5.8 and 3.1 months for the @entity3895 arm, respectively. The control disease rate was 61.6% and 45.5% in oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively. No unexpected adverse events occurred, and no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 arms in terms of @entity137 (grade 4 hematologic adverse events in 32.3% and 31.8% of @entity1 in the oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively). CONCLUSION: Compared with @entity3895 , oral therapy in this setting appears as feasible as, but not superior to, the efficacy in the @entity3895 arm.

title: Second-Line Oral Chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) Versus Intravenous Therapy ( @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ) in @entity1 With XXXX : A Randomized Phase II Study of GFPC 0501.

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No reference second-line treatment of @entity151 is available. The aim of the present phase II randomized trial (Groupe Fran  ais de Pneumo-Canc  rologie 0501) was to compare, in @entity1 with progressive @entity151 after first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy, oral multidrug chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) and intravenous therapy with @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ( @entity3895 ) in terms of efficacy and tolerance. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, response rate, and tolerance. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study randomized 131 @entity1 (76.7% male; median age, 61    8.1 years, 85.5% with a performance status of 0-1), 65 to oral therapy and 66 to the @entity3895 arm. No statistically significant differences were found in the baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: The OS and PFS was 6.1 and 3 months for the oral arm and 5.8 and 3.1 months for the @entity3895 arm, respectively. The control disease rate was 61.6% and 45.5% in oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively. No unexpected adverse events occurred, and no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 arms in terms of @entity137 (grade 4 hematologic adverse events in 32.3% and 31.8% of @entity1 in the oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively). CONCLUSION: Compared with @entity3895 , oral therapy in this setting appears as feasible as, but not superior to, the efficacy in the @entity3895 arm.

title: Second-Line Oral Chemotherapy ( XXXX , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) Versus Intravenous Therapy ( @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ) in @entity1 With @entity151 : A Randomized Phase II Study of GFPC 0501.

answer: @entity11770 :: (MESH:D008130,Chemical) :: ['Lomustine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No reference second-line treatment of @entity151 is available. The aim of the present phase II randomized trial (Groupe Fran  ais de Pneumo-Canc  rologie 0501) was to compare, in @entity1 with progressive @entity151 after first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy, oral multidrug chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) and intravenous therapy with @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ( @entity3895 ) in terms of efficacy and tolerance. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, response rate, and tolerance. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study randomized 131 @entity1 (76.7% male; median age, 61    8.1 years, 85.5% with a performance status of 0-1), 65 to oral therapy and 66 to the @entity3895 arm. No statistically significant differences were found in the baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: The OS and PFS was 6.1 and 3 months for the oral arm and 5.8 and 3.1 months for the @entity3895 arm, respectively. The control disease rate was 61.6% and 45.5% in oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively. No unexpected adverse events occurred, and no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 arms in terms of @entity137 (grade 4 hematologic adverse events in 32.3% and 31.8% of @entity1 in the oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively). CONCLUSION: Compared with @entity3895 , oral therapy in this setting appears as feasible as, but not superior to, the efficacy in the @entity3895 arm.

title: Second-Line Oral Chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , XXXX ) Versus Intravenous Therapy ( @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ) in @entity1 With @entity151 : A Randomized Phase II Study of GFPC 0501.

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['Etoposide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No reference second-line treatment of @entity151 is available. The aim of the present phase II randomized trial (Groupe Fran  ais de Pneumo-Canc  rologie 0501) was to compare, in @entity1 with progressive @entity151 after first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy, oral multidrug chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) and intravenous therapy with @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ( @entity3895 ) in terms of efficacy and tolerance. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, response rate, and tolerance. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study randomized 131 @entity1 (76.7% male; median age, 61    8.1 years, 85.5% with a performance status of 0-1), 65 to oral therapy and 66 to the @entity3895 arm. No statistically significant differences were found in the baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: The OS and PFS was 6.1 and 3 months for the oral arm and 5.8 and 3.1 months for the @entity3895 arm, respectively. The control disease rate was 61.6% and 45.5% in oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively. No unexpected adverse events occurred, and no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 arms in terms of @entity137 (grade 4 hematologic adverse events in 32.3% and 31.8% of @entity1 in the oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively). CONCLUSION: Compared with @entity3895 , oral therapy in this setting appears as feasible as, but not superior to, the efficacy in the @entity3895 arm.

title: Second-Line Oral Chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) Versus Intravenous Therapy ( @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ) in XXXX With @entity151 : A Randomized Phase II Study of GFPC 0501.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Surveys indicate that substance use is prevalent in populations with @entity161 . Family members may be able to support brief interventions (BI). We conducted a randomised controlled trial with 6-month follow-up among adult @entity1 with @entity161 and related @entity914 who were referred to two hospitals in southern Thailand. @entity1 with @entity716 were screened using the @entity167 Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). 169 @entity1 (all at moderate substance risk on the ASSIST) were randomised to receive simple advice (the clinics' treatment-as-usual, TAU condition), or single-session brief intervention (BI), or a single-session BI with family support (BI-FS). Given observed substance use, the primary outcome was the ASSIST @entity286 smoking involvement score (SIS). Secondary outcomes were cigarettes smoked per day, change motivation (Taking Steps from the Stages of Change and Treatment Eagerness Scale), and DSM-IV Axis V Global Assessment of Relational Functioning (GARF). At follow-up, BI-FS @entity1 reported a lower SIS (mean difference, -2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] -4.84 to -0.81; Glass' effect size [  ]=0.57, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.95), smoked fewer cigarettes per day (mean difference -3.10, 95% CI -5.45 to -0.74;   =0.56, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.94), had greater change motivation (mean difference 3.05, 95% CI 0.54 to 5.57;   =0.41, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.79) and GARF (mean difference 6.75, 95% CI 1.57 to 11.93;   =0.54, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.92). The BI-FS group also had better relational functioning in comparison to those receiving BI only (mean difference 5.44, 95% CI 0.20 to 10.67;   =0.46, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.84). In @entity161 and related @entity914 , a brief intervention supported by a family member reduces smoking involvement, cigarette smoking intensity, and increases change motivation and relational functioning.

title: Effects of a Brief Intervention for Substance Use on @entity286 Smoking and Family Relationship Functioning in XXXX and Related Psychoses: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: Surveys indicate that substance use is prevalent in populations with @entity161 . Family members may be able to support brief interventions (BI). We conducted a randomised controlled trial with 6-month follow-up among adult @entity1 with @entity161 and related @entity914 who were referred to two hospitals in southern Thailand. @entity1 with @entity716 were screened using the @entity167 Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). 169 @entity1 (all at moderate substance risk on the ASSIST) were randomised to receive simple advice (the clinics' treatment-as-usual, TAU condition), or single-session brief intervention (BI), or a single-session BI with family support (BI-FS). Given observed substance use, the primary outcome was the ASSIST @entity286 smoking involvement score (SIS). Secondary outcomes were cigarettes smoked per day, change motivation (Taking Steps from the Stages of Change and Treatment Eagerness Scale), and DSM-IV Axis V Global Assessment of Relational Functioning (GARF). At follow-up, BI-FS @entity1 reported a lower SIS (mean difference, -2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] -4.84 to -0.81; Glass' effect size [  ]=0.57, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.95), smoked fewer cigarettes per day (mean difference -3.10, 95% CI -5.45 to -0.74;   =0.56, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.94), had greater change motivation (mean difference 3.05, 95% CI 0.54 to 5.57;   =0.41, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.79) and GARF (mean difference 6.75, 95% CI 1.57 to 11.93;   =0.54, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.92). The BI-FS group also had better relational functioning in comparison to those receiving BI only (mean difference 5.44, 95% CI 0.20 to 10.67;   =0.46, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.84). In @entity161 and related @entity914 , a brief intervention supported by a family member reduces smoking involvement, cigarette smoking intensity, and increases change motivation and relational functioning.

title: Effects of a Brief Intervention for Substance Use on XXXX Smoking and Family Relationship Functioning in @entity161 and Related Psychoses: A Randomised Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Tobacco']


abstract: The electrical excitability of uterine smooth muscle cells is a key determinant of the contraction of the organ during labor and is manifested by spontaneous, periodic @entity2045 ( @entity2045 ). Near the end of term, @entity2045 vary in shape and size reflecting an ability to change the frequency, duration and amplitude of uterine contractions. A recent mathematical model quantified several ionic features of the electrical excitability in uterine smooth muscle cells. It replicated many of the experimentally recorded uterine AP configurations but its limitations were evident when trying to simulate the long-duration bursting @entity2045 characteristic of labor. A computational parameter search suggested that delayed rectifying K+ currents could be a key model component requiring improvement to produce the longer-lasting bursting @entity2045 . Of the delayed rectifying K+ currents family it is of interest that KCNQ and @entity9493 channels have been reported to be gestationally regulated in the uterus. These currents exhibit features similar to the broadly defined uterine @entity6763 of the original mathematical model. We thus formulated new quantitative descriptions for several IKCNQ and IhERG. Incorporation of these currents into the uterine cell model enabled simulations of the long-lasting bursting @entity2045 . Moreover, we used this modified model to simulate the effects of different contributions of IKCNQ and IhERG on AP form. Our findings suggest that the alterations in expression of @entity9493 and KCNQ channels can potentially provide a mechanism for fine tuning of AP forms that lends a malleability for changing between plateau-like and long-lasting bursting-type @entity2045 as uterine cells prepare for parturition.

title: Computational Modeling Reveals Key Contributions of KCNQ and XXXX Currents to the Malleability of Uterine Action Potentials Underpinning Labor.

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['action potentials', 'APs']

answer: @entity9493 :: (2078,Gene) :: ['hERG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identifying protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is essential for elucidating protein functions and understanding the molecular mechanisms inside the cell. However, the experimental methods for detecting PPIs are both time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, computational prediction of protein interactions are becoming increasingly popular, which can provide an inexpensive way of predicting the most likely set of interactions at the entire proteome scale, and can be used to complement experimental approaches. Although much progress has already been achieved in this direction, the problem is still far from being solved and new approaches are still required to overcome the limitations of the current prediction models. RESULTS: In this work, a sequence-based approach is developed by combining a novel @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) feature representation and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The @entity2653 representation gives adequate consideration to the interactions between sequentially distant but spatially close @entity535 residues, thus it can sufficiently capture multiple overlapping continuous and discontinuous binding patterns within a protein sequence. An effective feature selection method mRMR was employed to construct an optimized and more discriminative feature set by excluding redundant features. Finally, a prediction model is trained and tested based on SVM algorithm to predict the interaction probability of protein pairs. CONCLUSIONS: When performed on the @entity375 PPIs data set, the proposed approach achieved 91.36% prediction accuracy with 91.94% precision at the sensitivity of 90.67%. Extensive experiments are conducted to compare our method with the existing sequence-based method. Experimental results show that the performance of our predictor is better than several other state-of-the-art predictors, whose average prediction accuracy is 84.91%, sensitivity is 83.24%, and precision is 86.12%. Achieved results show that the proposed approach is very promising for predicting PPI, so it can be a useful supplementary tool for future proteomics studies. The source code and the datasets are freely available at http://csse.szu.edu.cn/staff/youzh/MCDPPI.zip for academic use.

title: Prediction of protein-protein interactions from XXXX sequences using a novel multi-scale continuous and discontinuous feature set.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'Multi-scale Continuous and Discontinuous']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: During a 22-year period 224 @entity1 were seen for treatment of transitional cell @entity703 . Of these @entity1 49 (22 per cent) had grade 1 lesions. Followup ranged from 5 to 25 years. The most common symptom was @entity811 . In only 54 per cent of the 49 @entity1 was a filling defect noted on excretory urography. Forty-seven @entity1 (96 per cent) had stage I disease. Treatment included total nephroureterectomy, nephrectomy or segmental resection. In 11 @entity1 (23 per cent) evidence of @entity150 developed 8 months to 12 years (average 4 years) after the diagnosis of @entity5 of the upper urinary tract and 73 per cent of these recurrences were noted within the first 3 years. In 1 @entity1 a @entity5 developed in the opposite upper urinary tract. In only 1 of 15 @entity1 who had had partial ureterectomy or local excision @entity5 developed in the ipsilateral ureter. @entity1 survival time was identical to that in an age-matched control group. We conclude that the most significant findings are the subsequent high incidence (23 per cent) of @entity150 and the comparable survival in these pateints and in an age-matched control group. Furthermore, these results suggest that operations preserving the renal parenchyma, that is segmental resection, should be used more frequently.

title: Primary grade 1 transitional cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the renal pelvis or ureter']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity15 is an @entity6220 . This is due to migration of peripherally activated lymphocytes to central nervous system leading to inflammatory lesions. However, liver has an anti-inflammatory microenvironment. Myelin expression in the liver of @entity19 suppresses inflammatory lesions within central nervous system. Considering the notion that the inflammatory events originate from periphery, we investigated if the liver was affected in an animal model for @entity15 . METHODS: Experimental autoimmune @entity1651 was induced in male Lewis @entity35 using @entity840 spinal cord and complete Freund's adjuvant. Weight, clinical score, and survival rate were evaluated for 14 days post immunization. Liver sections were taken and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 and examined with an Olympus microscope. RESULTS: Mortality was accompanied by @entity409 . Sinusoidal congestion, pycnotic nuclei within hepatocytes, hepatocyte @entity39 , and severe widespread congestion along with fat accumulation within hepatocytes ( @entity528 ) were observed in liver tissue sections. CONCLUSION: @entity409 occurs in experimental autoimmune @entity1651 . The perpetuation of self antigen leading to continuous migration of extrahepatically activated T cells makes an inflammatory milieu in the liver. It follows migration and development of more inflammatory cells and may paralyses tolerance inducing mechanisms. Apart from @entity6220 , @entity99 may act as synergistic factor for debilitation and mortality.

title: XXXX and Mortality in a Male Lewis @entity35 of Experimental Autoimmune @entity1651 .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system lesion', 'inflammatory disease of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver damage', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fatty degeneration']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Damage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity15 is an @entity6220 . This is due to migration of peripherally activated lymphocytes to central nervous system leading to inflammatory lesions. However, liver has an anti-inflammatory microenvironment. Myelin expression in the liver of @entity19 suppresses inflammatory lesions within central nervous system. Considering the notion that the inflammatory events originate from periphery, we investigated if the liver was affected in an animal model for @entity15 . METHODS: Experimental autoimmune @entity1651 was induced in male Lewis @entity35 using @entity840 spinal cord and complete Freund's adjuvant. Weight, clinical score, and survival rate were evaluated for 14 days post immunization. Liver sections were taken and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 and examined with an Olympus microscope. RESULTS: Mortality was accompanied by @entity409 . Sinusoidal congestion, pycnotic nuclei within hepatocytes, hepatocyte @entity39 , and severe widespread congestion along with fat accumulation within hepatocytes ( @entity528 ) were observed in liver tissue sections. CONCLUSION: @entity409 occurs in experimental autoimmune @entity1651 . The perpetuation of self antigen leading to continuous migration of extrahepatically activated T cells makes an inflammatory milieu in the liver. It follows migration and development of more inflammatory cells and may paralyses tolerance inducing mechanisms. Apart from @entity6220 , @entity99 may act as synergistic factor for debilitation and mortality.

title: @entity409 and Mortality in a Male Lewis @entity35 of Experimental Autoimmune XXXX .

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['Encephalomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity15 is an @entity6220 . This is due to migration of peripherally activated lymphocytes to central nervous system leading to inflammatory lesions. However, liver has an anti-inflammatory microenvironment. Myelin expression in the liver of @entity19 suppresses inflammatory lesions within central nervous system. Considering the notion that the inflammatory events originate from periphery, we investigated if the liver was affected in an animal model for @entity15 . METHODS: Experimental autoimmune @entity1651 was induced in male Lewis @entity35 using @entity840 spinal cord and complete Freund's adjuvant. Weight, clinical score, and survival rate were evaluated for 14 days post immunization. Liver sections were taken and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 and examined with an Olympus microscope. RESULTS: Mortality was accompanied by @entity409 . Sinusoidal congestion, pycnotic nuclei within hepatocytes, hepatocyte @entity39 , and severe widespread congestion along with fat accumulation within hepatocytes ( @entity528 ) were observed in liver tissue sections. CONCLUSION: @entity409 occurs in experimental autoimmune @entity1651 . The perpetuation of self antigen leading to continuous migration of extrahepatically activated T cells makes an inflammatory milieu in the liver. It follows migration and development of more inflammatory cells and may paralyses tolerance inducing mechanisms. Apart from @entity6220 , @entity99 may act as synergistic factor for debilitation and mortality.

title: @entity409 and Mortality in a Male Lewis XXXX of Experimental Autoimmune @entity1651 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Platelets play an important role in @entity32 . Mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ) may be a useful parameter for inflammatory conditions, in differentiating between non-specific @entity490 (NSAP) and conditions requiring surgery, or early diagnosis of @entity490 as a serious problem for emergency services. AIM: To investigate the role of @entity6688 on NSAP admittance to the emergency department. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study consisted of 330 @entity1 (186 female and 144 male, with mean age 49   20 years) with NSAP and 249 @entity1 with @entity490 (144 female and 105 male, with mean age 49   19 years) applied to our emergency service and enrolled to our study. Medical history, physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Haematological parameters were measured by Beckman Coulter LH 780 instrument. Data were compared using Student's t test, and p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: The @entity6688 were significantly lower in @entity1 with NSAP than in others (p = 0.025). There was no significant difference between both sexes with regard to @entity6688 (p > 0.05). Moreover, the other haematological parameters (haemoglobin, platelet, or WBC counts) were not statistically different between both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity6688 may be a useful, simple, and inexpensive parameter to diagnose or differentiate between NSAP and other conditions.

title: The role of mean platelet volume in @entity1 with non-specific XXXX in an emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Platelets play an important role in @entity32 . Mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ) may be a useful parameter for inflammatory conditions, in differentiating between non-specific @entity490 (NSAP) and conditions requiring surgery, or early diagnosis of @entity490 as a serious problem for emergency services. AIM: To investigate the role of @entity6688 on NSAP admittance to the emergency department. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study consisted of 330 @entity1 (186 female and 144 male, with mean age 49   20 years) with NSAP and 249 @entity1 with @entity490 (144 female and 105 male, with mean age 49   19 years) applied to our emergency service and enrolled to our study. Medical history, physical examination, complete blood count (CBC), and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Haematological parameters were measured by Beckman Coulter LH 780 instrument. Data were compared using Student's t test, and p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: The @entity6688 were significantly lower in @entity1 with NSAP than in others (p = 0.025). There was no significant difference between both sexes with regard to @entity6688 (p > 0.05). Moreover, the other haematological parameters (haemoglobin, platelet, or WBC counts) were not statistically different between both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity6688 may be a useful, simple, and inexpensive parameter to diagnose or differentiate between NSAP and other conditions.

title: The role of mean platelet volume in XXXX with non-specific @entity490 in an emergency department.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This @entity1 is a 48-day-old @entity1 , born as the third @entity1 from a 29-year-old healthy mother. The pregnancy was uneventful, and the delivery was normal. Right after birth, she had episode of @entity1763 for several minutes. Her weight of birth was 2,600 g, and the head circumference was 30.4 cm. @entity1353 and cyanosis after feeding were noted on the second day. At the time of admission to our service, she showed typical symptoms of "cri-du- @entity4268 " syndrome, namely, characteristic cry, @entity1032 (DQ was 48), @entity4242 (head circumference was 34.5 cm), rounded face, @entity5766 , oblique palpebral fissures, epicanthus, @entity6787 , @entity4239 , short neck, simian crease. Other abnormalities such as @entity14147 , prolapsus ani, @entity572 , and @entity9960 . Cerebral angiogram demonstrated no pathological findings. Pneumoencephalogram showed accumulation of air at the cranial base. Operation was performed for repair of @entity9960 at the age of 50 days. Postoperative course was smooth.

title: [A case of "cri-du- @entity4268 " syndrome with XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity6787 :: ('MESH:C537239', 'Disease') :: ['low-set ears']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral meningomyelocele', 'meningomyelocele']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation of the hip joint']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity14147 :: ('MESH:D006554', 'Disease') :: ['umbilical hernia']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

answer: @entity9960 :: (MESH:D008591,Disease) :: ['meningomyelocele']


abstract: This @entity1 is a 48-day-old @entity1 , born as the third @entity1 from a 29-year-old healthy mother. The pregnancy was uneventful, and the delivery was normal. Right after birth, she had episode of @entity1763 for several minutes. Her weight of birth was 2,600 g, and the head circumference was 30.4 cm. @entity1353 and cyanosis after feeding were noted on the second day. At the time of admission to our service, she showed typical symptoms of "cri-du- @entity4268 " syndrome, namely, characteristic cry, @entity1032 (DQ was 48), @entity4242 (head circumference was 34.5 cm), rounded face, @entity5766 , oblique palpebral fissures, epicanthus, @entity6787 , @entity4239 , short neck, simian crease. Other abnormalities such as @entity14147 , prolapsus ani, @entity572 , and @entity9960 . Cerebral angiogram demonstrated no pathological findings. Pneumoencephalogram showed accumulation of air at the cranial base. Operation was performed for repair of @entity9960 at the age of 50 days. Postoperative course was smooth.

title: [A case of "cri-du- XXXX " syndrome with @entity9960 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity4268 :: (8063,Species) :: ['chat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment of @entity158 is associated with improved @entity158 management, which can lead to better @entity1 outcomes. It has been recommended that all @entity1 have their @entity158 assessed and the scores documented as the 'fifth vital sign'. METHOD: All inpatients in the medical and surgical wards in our hospital were asked directly to score their @entity158 according to the hospital-wide scoring system. Their observation charts and drug charts were then reviewed in order to determine the accuracy of documented @entity158 assessments and the subsequent analgesic management. RESULTS: Of the 208 @entity1 reviewed, 20 (15%) @entity1 on medical wards and 26 (38%) @entity1 on surgical wards were in moderate to severe @entity158 . Documentation of @entity158 scores was not universal, with 29 (14%) @entity1 having no score documented with their last set of observations. Of those with a score recorded, it was not found to correlate with the scores reported on direct questioning in 41% of medical @entity1 and 71% of surgical @entity1 . Provision of analgesia was also found to differ between medical and surgical wards. DISCUSSION: The care of @entity158 in the wards falls below the standards set by the Royal College of Anaesthetists. It is necessary to undertake a programme of education to increase awareness of the problem and to improve assessment and management to enhance the @entity1 experience.

title: A prospective audit project into the adequacy of XXXX assessment in the medical and surgical wards in a North London District General Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicated that @entity1 from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) groups tend to receive less analgesics compared to Caucasian (White) @entity1 after similar surgical procedures. Most such data originated from North America and suggested that health-care professionals may perceive the expression of excessive @entity158 by BAME @entity1 groups as an exaggerated response to @entity158 , rather than sub-optimal treatment. There are limited data comparing acute @entity158 management between South Asian and White British @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate correlation between @entity1 ' ethnicity and disparities of early post-operative @entity158 perception/management, in an ethnically diverse population. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case note review of acute post-operative @entity158 after total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) in 60 South Asian and 60 age-matched White British females. Data for 140 variables (pre-, intra- and post-operative) for each @entity1 were recorded. We used propensity score matching to produce 30 closely matched @entity1 in each group minimizing effects of recorded co-variates. Data were analysed with and without propensity score matching. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in acute post-operative @entity158 scores, @entity1286 requirements, @entity158 management, adverse effects or duration of post-operative care unit stay between South Asian and White British @entity1 . The median duration of hospital stay of South Asian @entity1 was longer (4.5   days versus 3.0   days, p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: We conclude that in an institution where both @entity1 and health-care professionals are from an ethnically diverse population, neither post-operative @entity158 nor @entity158 management are influenced significantly by South Asian ethnicity.

title: Influence of ethnicity on the perception and treatment of early post-operative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: AIM: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between @entity955 ( @entity955 ) times and CHA2DS2-VASc scores in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a total of 74 @entity1 , 34 of whom were diagnosed with @entity955 and 40 were included in the control group. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was calculated for each @entity1 . Additionally, blood samples were taken from all @entity1 and transthoracic echocardiographic measurements were made. Left atrial mechanical functions and @entity955 were calculated. RESULTS: Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score measured was 2.24      1.53 in @entity955 group. There was no significant difference between the groups when the @entity1 were evaluated for baseline characteristics and laboratory parameters (P  >  0.05) The echocardiographic evaluation of LA mechanical functions showed that only LA minimum volume (19      6.4 vs. 16.7      4.6, P  =  0.02) and LA presystolic volume (28.9      7 vs. 25.1      5.7, P  =  0.01) were higher in the @entity955 group. When @entity955 was compared between the groups; lateral PA, septal PA, tricuspid PA, Interatrial EMD, and intraatrial EMD were significantly extended compared to control group (P  <  0.001) CHA2DS2-VASc score was correlated with Lateral atrial PA (P  <  0.001, r  =  0.524), Septal atrial PA (P  <  0.001, r  =  0.45), Interatrial EMD (P  <  0.001, r  =  0.54), and intraatrial EMD (P  <  0.001, r  =  0.51) times. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that @entity955 times increase in @entity1 with @entity955 compared to the control group. Furthermore, this study revealed a correlation between @entity955 times and CHA2DS2-VASc score, as well showed that extended @entity955 time may be associated with @entity1031 risk.

title: The Relationships between Atrial Electromechanical Delay and CHA2DS2-VASc Score in XXXX Diagnosed with Paroxysmal AF.

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'atrial electromechanical delay', 'PAF', 'AEMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity8055 is considered to occur exclusively in non-fibrotic livers. It is a heterogeneous entity and a molecular classification is now widely accepted. The most frequent hepatocellular @entity652 subtype, namely inflammatory @entity652 , harbor somatic activating mutations of genes involved in the @entity650 pathway that lead to high @entity1851 and serum amyloid A expression. The aim of our study was to investigate a series of @entity5 developed on cirrhotic livers and characterized by an unequivocal histological diagnosis. We performed a clinical, pathological, and molecular study of 10 @entity5 developed in three @entity1 with @entity82 . Markers allowing hepatocellular @entity652 classification were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Samples were sequenced for @entity3546 , @entity5448 , @entity37164 , @entity2163 , @entity4104 , and @entity2215 (promoter) mutations. A control series of 32 classical macronodules developed in @entity82 related to various etiologies was screened by immunohistochemistry and gene sequencing. The three @entity1 had @entity82 related to @entity209 and/or @entity285 intake; two had a @entity5 , while the third developed more than 30 lesions. Microscopic examination showed well-differentiated @entity5 sharing features with inflammatory @entity652 including inflammatory infiltrates, @entity384 , and dystrophic vessels. Sequencing revealed classical hotspot somatic mutations ( @entity37164 , n=8; @entity4104 , n=1; and @entity2163 , n=1) known to be responsible for @entity650 /JAK/STAT pathway activation. Two classical high-grade macronodules demonstrated high serum amyloid A and/or @entity1851 expression, without gene mutations. Altogether, our findings support the existence of rare inflammatory @entity652 developed in @entity82 .

title: XXXX developed in the setting of chronic liver disease and @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity8055 :: ('MESH:D018248', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular adenoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['single tumor', 'benign hepatocellular neoplasms', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['sinusoidal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity8055 :: (MESH:D018248,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas']


abstract: @entity8055 is considered to occur exclusively in non-fibrotic livers. It is a heterogeneous entity and a molecular classification is now widely accepted. The most frequent hepatocellular @entity652 subtype, namely inflammatory @entity652 , harbor somatic activating mutations of genes involved in the @entity650 pathway that lead to high @entity1851 and serum amyloid A expression. The aim of our study was to investigate a series of @entity5 developed on cirrhotic livers and characterized by an unequivocal histological diagnosis. We performed a clinical, pathological, and molecular study of 10 @entity5 developed in three @entity1 with @entity82 . Markers allowing hepatocellular @entity652 classification were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Samples were sequenced for @entity3546 , @entity5448 , @entity37164 , @entity2163 , @entity4104 , and @entity2215 (promoter) mutations. A control series of 32 classical macronodules developed in @entity82 related to various etiologies was screened by immunohistochemistry and gene sequencing. The three @entity1 had @entity82 related to @entity209 and/or @entity285 intake; two had a @entity5 , while the third developed more than 30 lesions. Microscopic examination showed well-differentiated @entity5 sharing features with inflammatory @entity652 including inflammatory infiltrates, @entity384 , and dystrophic vessels. Sequencing revealed classical hotspot somatic mutations ( @entity37164 , n=8; @entity4104 , n=1; and @entity2163 , n=1) known to be responsible for @entity650 /JAK/STAT pathway activation. Two classical high-grade macronodules demonstrated high serum amyloid A and/or @entity1851 expression, without gene mutations. Altogether, our findings support the existence of rare inflammatory @entity652 developed in @entity82 .

title: @entity8055 developed in the setting of chronic liver disease and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2794 following @entity30439 are debilitating and difficult to treat. Commonly employed initial therapeutic modalities include pharmacologic, physical, and psychological interventions. Despite these efforts, a subset of @entity1 with @entity1118 remains. Peripheral nerve surgery has never before been reported as an effective treatment for the management of post- @entity30439 @entity10 . In this study, we report on our early outcomes following peripheral nerve surgery for this novel indication. METHODS: A retrospective review of 28 consecutive @entity1 with post- @entity30439 @entity10 who underwent occipital nerve surgery was performed. Preoperative and postoperative @entity158 was evaluated on visual analog scale (VAS) in 24 @entity1 with at least 6 months follow-up. RESULTS: The average VAS @entity158 reduced from 6.4 preoperatively, to 1.4 (P   <   0.0001). Twenty-one @entity1 (88%) had a successful outcome of at least a 50% reduction in their VAS following peripheral nerve surgery. Additionally, twelve @entity1 (50%) were @entity158 free at time of final follow-up. There were no surgical complications. CONCLUSIONS: Early results indicate peripheral nerve surgery is a safe and effective new therapy for post- @entity30439 @entity10 in the properly selected @entity1 , whose @entity1118 persists despite initial treatments by a neurologist, specialized in @entity10 management. Future studies should focus on larger @entity1 populations, and examine the long-term durability of outcome. In the meantime, an interdisciplinary approach involving neurologists and a peripheral nerve surgeon is suggested for the care of @entity1 with refractory chronic post- @entity30439 @entity9 and other post-traumatic @entity2794 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2015.

title: Interdisciplinary treatment of post- @entity30439 and post-traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity30439 :: ('MESH:D001924', 'Disease') :: ['concussion']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic headaches', 'chronic headaches']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'headache pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['occipital neuralgia']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headaches']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2794 following @entity30439 are debilitating and difficult to treat. Commonly employed initial therapeutic modalities include pharmacologic, physical, and psychological interventions. Despite these efforts, a subset of @entity1 with @entity1118 remains. Peripheral nerve surgery has never before been reported as an effective treatment for the management of post- @entity30439 @entity10 . In this study, we report on our early outcomes following peripheral nerve surgery for this novel indication. METHODS: A retrospective review of 28 consecutive @entity1 with post- @entity30439 @entity10 who underwent occipital nerve surgery was performed. Preoperative and postoperative @entity158 was evaluated on visual analog scale (VAS) in 24 @entity1 with at least 6 months follow-up. RESULTS: The average VAS @entity158 reduced from 6.4 preoperatively, to 1.4 (P   <   0.0001). Twenty-one @entity1 (88%) had a successful outcome of at least a 50% reduction in their VAS following peripheral nerve surgery. Additionally, twelve @entity1 (50%) were @entity158 free at time of final follow-up. There were no surgical complications. CONCLUSIONS: Early results indicate peripheral nerve surgery is a safe and effective new therapy for post- @entity30439 @entity10 in the properly selected @entity1 , whose @entity1118 persists despite initial treatments by a neurologist, specialized in @entity10 management. Future studies should focus on larger @entity1 populations, and examine the long-term durability of outcome. In the meantime, an interdisciplinary approach involving neurologists and a peripheral nerve surgeon is suggested for the care of @entity1 with refractory chronic post- @entity30439 @entity9 and other post-traumatic @entity2794 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2015.

title: Interdisciplinary treatment of post- XXXX and post-traumatic @entity10 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity30439 :: (MESH:D001924,Disease) :: ['concussion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14662 (ANP) and @entity24397 ( @entity24397 ) bind to the receptor guanylyl cyclase (GC)-A, leading to diuresis, natriuresis, and @entity384 . In addition, ANP and @entity24397 have various angiogenic properties in @entity63 tissue. When breeding @entity19 devoid of @entity71719 , we noted significant skewing of the Mendelian ratio in the offspring, suggesting @entity2085 due to knockout of @entity71719 . Consequently, we here investigated the roles of endogenous ANP and @entity24397 in @entity2085 and organ morphogenesis. Embryos resulting from @entity71719 (-/-) * @entity71719 (+/-) crosses developed @entity4296 ( @entity4296 ) beginning at embryonic day (E)14.5. All embryos with @entity4296 had the genotype @entity71719 (-/-). At E17.5, 33.3% (12 of 36) of @entity71719 (-/-) embryos had @entity4296 , and all @entity71719 (-/-) embryos with @entity4296 were dead. Beginning at E16.0, @entity4296 - @entity71719 (-/-) embryos demonstrated poorly developed superficial vascular vessels and sc @entity548 , the fetal side of the placenta appeared @entity63 , and vitelline vessels on the yolk sac were poorly developed. Furthermore, @entity4296 - @entity71719 (-/-) embryos also showed abnormal constriction of umbilical cord vascular vessels, few cardiac trabeculae and a thin compact zone, @entity99 , and poor bone development. Electron microscopy of E16.5 @entity4296 - @entity71719 (-/-) embryos revealed severe @entity13312 in endothelial cells, and the expected 3-layer structure of the smooth muscle wall of the umbilical artery was indistinct. These data demonstrate the importance of the endogenous ANP/ @entity24397 - @entity71719 system not only in the neovascularization of @entity63 tissues but also in embryonic vascular development and organ morphogenesis.

title: Importance of Endogenous Atrial and Brain Natriuretic Peptides in XXXX Embryonic Vascular and Organ Development.

entities_list: @entity14662 :: ('230899(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lethality', 'embryonic neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['blood vessel dilation']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity24397 :: ('18158(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'hydrops fetalis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hemorrhage']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effect of arthroscopic excision of @entity8060 through a combined anterior and posterior approach. METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2012,20 @entity1 with @entity8060 were treated with arthroscopic excision. There were 14 males and 6 females, with an average age of 49.5 years old, ranging from 45 to 65 years old. The lump has been found for 4 to 18 months,with a mean time of 12 months. Their mean sagittal diameter was 4.5 cm (ranged from 3 to 7 cm). There were 12 @entity8060 in the left and 8 @entity8060 in the right. The main clinical manifestation included lump at popliteal fossa, swelling and @entity158 at knee joint and some extent of dysfunction. All diagnoses were determined according to MRI, which clearly showed the communication of @entity45 . The cyst was removed under arthroscopy, through the posterior approach and then the @entity75 was treated via the anterior approach. According to Rauschning and Lindgren classification, 2 @entity1 were grade I, 6 @entity1 were grade II, and 12 @entity1 were grade III. The guidelines of Rauschning and Lindgren were used to evaluate the clinical effects. RESULTS: No complications such as the @entity1503 , or incision @entity281 occurred in all @entity1 . All the @entity1 were followed up, and the duration ranged from 8 to 24 months, with a mean time of 16 months. According to the criteria of Rauschning and Lindgren, there were 14 cases of grade 0, and 6 cases of grade I after operation, which was improved obviously compared with that pre-operation. No cyst reoccurred and the knee joint @entity158 was relieved. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity8060 with arthroscopic excision through a combined anterior and posterior approach is effective to remove the cyst sac and treat intra-articular diseases simultaneously, resulting in the decrease recurrence rate of cyst.

title: [Extracapsular arthroscopic excision of XXXX through anterior combined with posterior approach].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular lesion']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['injury of blood vessel and nerve']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['cyst and articular cavity']

entities_list: @entity8060 :: ('MESH:D011151', 'Disease') :: ['popliteal cysts']

answer: @entity8060 :: (MESH:D011151,Disease) :: ['popliteal cysts']