abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity348 ( @entity348 ) has been part of standard conditioning regimens before allogeneic @entity8 for many years. Its effect on normal tissue in these @entity1 has not been studied extensively. METHOD: We studied the in vivo cytogenetic effects of @entity348 and high-dose chemotherapy on skin fibroblasts from 35 allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 . Biopsies were obtained prospectively (n   =   18 @entity1 ) before, 3 and 12  months after allogeneic @entity8 and retrospectively (n   =   17 @entity1 ) 23-65 months after @entity8 for G-banded chromosome analysis. RESULTS: Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 2/18 @entity1 (11  %) before allogeneic @entity8 , in 12/13 @entity1 (92  %) after 3  months, in all @entity1 after 12  months and in all @entity1 in the retrospective group after allogeneic @entity8 . The percentage of aberrant cells was significantly higher at all times after allogeneic @entity8 compared to baseline analysis. Reciprocal translocations were the most common aberrations, but all other types of stable, structural @entity2008 were also observed. Clonal aberrations were observed, but only in three cases they were detected in independently cultured flasks. A tendency to non-random clustering throughout the genome was observed. The percentage of aberrant cells was not different between @entity1 with and without secondary @entity5 in this study group. CONCLUSION: High-dose chemotherapy and @entity348 leads to severe chromosomal damage in skin fibroblasts of @entity1 after @entity8 . Our long-term data suggest that this damage increases with time, possibly due to in vivo radiation-induced chromosomal instability.

title: Frequent induction of @entity2008 in in vivo skin fibroblasts after allogeneic XXXX : hints to chromosomal instability after irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['Total body irradiation', 'TBI']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal aberrations']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['stem cell transplantation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity348 ( @entity348 ) has been part of standard conditioning regimens before allogeneic @entity8 for many years. Its effect on normal tissue in these @entity1 has not been studied extensively. METHOD: We studied the in vivo cytogenetic effects of @entity348 and high-dose chemotherapy on skin fibroblasts from 35 allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 . Biopsies were obtained prospectively (n   =   18 @entity1 ) before, 3 and 12  months after allogeneic @entity8 and retrospectively (n   =   17 @entity1 ) 23-65 months after @entity8 for G-banded chromosome analysis. RESULTS: Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 2/18 @entity1 (11  %) before allogeneic @entity8 , in 12/13 @entity1 (92  %) after 3  months, in all @entity1 after 12  months and in all @entity1 in the retrospective group after allogeneic @entity8 . The percentage of aberrant cells was significantly higher at all times after allogeneic @entity8 compared to baseline analysis. Reciprocal translocations were the most common aberrations, but all other types of stable, structural @entity2008 were also observed. Clonal aberrations were observed, but only in three cases they were detected in independently cultured flasks. A tendency to non-random clustering throughout the genome was observed. The percentage of aberrant cells was not different between @entity1 with and without secondary @entity5 in this study group. CONCLUSION: High-dose chemotherapy and @entity348 leads to severe chromosomal damage in skin fibroblasts of @entity1 after @entity8 . Our long-term data suggest that this damage increases with time, possibly due to in vivo radiation-induced chromosomal instability.

title: Frequent induction of XXXX in in vivo skin fibroblasts after allogeneic @entity8 : hints to chromosomal instability after irradiation.

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['chromosomal aberrations']


abstract: Animal environment is affected by climatic factors that include temperature, humidity, radiation, and wind. Extremes in climate alter energy transfer between the animal and its environment and can affect deleteriously reproduction. Seasonal variation of environment, nutrition, and management alters estrous activity and duration of estrus. Conception rates are reduced under stress of heat and cold. Endocrine functions are altered by climatic extremes. In @entity221 , adrenal function is reduced, and this may allow the animal to cope with the environment because of the lower calorigenic actions of glucocorticoids. @entity172 are lower during the proestrus to metestrus period of the estrous cycle and during late gestation and appear to manifest their physiological actions through shorter duration of estrus and lower @entity291 birth weights, respectively. Season alters endocrine profiles and influences fertility of males. Spermatogenesis is impaired, and @entity251 is lower during early exposure to @entity221 . Environmental modifications can alleviate stress of heat and cold to some extent. Experimentation using indices of environmental measures is needed to assess interactive effects of environment on reproduction.

title: Effects of climate on reproduction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogens']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Immunohistochemical staining was performed for @entity787 ( @entity787 ) in tissues taken from 41 cases of cervical and 67 cases of @entity1204 . Utilizing this method, smear specimens from 21 cases with cervical and 25 cases with @entity1204 were investigated at the cell level. THE RESULTS: 1) The investigation at the tissue level indicated that @entity787 staining was positive in 80% of cases of cervical @entity420 . On the other hand, the positive rate was as low as 55% of the @entity1204 cases. It further declined to 35% when limited to pure @entity420 without squamous elements. In addition, a difference was recognized between the cervical and endometrial groups in their localization. It was apparent that while even the cytoplasm in most of the cervical @entity420 appeared to be markedly stained, such a tendency was observed and was weak in only a part of the cell membrane in the @entity1204 cases. 2) The studies with smear specimens indicated that while 57% (13/21) of the cervical @entity420 cases were @entity787 positive, only 12% (3/25) were positive in @entity1204 cases. Therefore, a difference was recognized between the two at the cell level in their @entity787 staining characteristics. 3) Our observation revealed that @entity787 was more prominent in the poorly differentiated type than in the well differentiated one, in both cervical and @entity1204 . This seems to indicate a relationship between the histological differentiation and production of @entity787 . On the basis of the above findings, it was inferred that although both cervical and @entity1204 occur in the common M  llerian duct organ, they might have different biological characteristics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immunohistochemical study of XXXX of the tissue and cell levels in @entity420 ].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen', 'CEA']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen']


abstract: Immunohistochemical staining was performed for @entity787 ( @entity787 ) in tissues taken from 41 cases of cervical and 67 cases of @entity1204 . Utilizing this method, smear specimens from 21 cases with cervical and 25 cases with @entity1204 were investigated at the cell level. THE RESULTS: 1) The investigation at the tissue level indicated that @entity787 staining was positive in 80% of cases of cervical @entity420 . On the other hand, the positive rate was as low as 55% of the @entity1204 cases. It further declined to 35% when limited to pure @entity420 without squamous elements. In addition, a difference was recognized between the cervical and endometrial groups in their localization. It was apparent that while even the cytoplasm in most of the cervical @entity420 appeared to be markedly stained, such a tendency was observed and was weak in only a part of the cell membrane in the @entity1204 cases. 2) The studies with smear specimens indicated that while 57% (13/21) of the cervical @entity420 cases were @entity787 positive, only 12% (3/25) were positive in @entity1204 cases. Therefore, a difference was recognized between the two at the cell level in their @entity787 staining characteristics. 3) Our observation revealed that @entity787 was more prominent in the poorly differentiated type than in the well differentiated one, in both cervical and @entity1204 . This seems to indicate a relationship between the histological differentiation and production of @entity787 . On the basis of the above findings, it was inferred that although both cervical and @entity1204 occur in the common M  llerian duct organ, they might have different biological characteristics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immunohistochemical study of @entity787 of the tissue and cell levels in XXXX ].

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the uterus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the techniques and therapeutic effects of endovascular stent-graft exclusion in @entity1580 and dissecting @entity439 . METHODS: The clinical data of 20 cases with @entity1580 and(or) dissecting @entity439 were analysed. Stanford A dissection was found in 2 cases, in which one had a tear entry on ascending aorta. Stanford B dissection was found in 18 cases. Five @entity1 had two or more tear entries in different sites. Endovascular @entity2635 -covered stent-graft exclusion was performed in all cases, of which, one case was also given fenestration and graft replacement and one subjected to Y graft bypass from ascending aorta to the left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery before endovascular stent-graft exclusion. RESULTS: No one died in operation. One @entity1 died of @entity1188 on the third day after operation. During the followup of 1 - 20 months, 19 @entity1 were alive well (95%). The @entity1580 and(or) dissecting @entity439 of all the @entity1 disappeared without endoleaks and organ or limb @entity63 . CONCLUSION: Endovascular stent-graft exclusion with high successful rate, low mortality and high survival rate, is simple, safe and effective in treating @entity1580 and dissecting @entity439 .

title: [Endovascular stent-graft exclusion on @entity1580 and dissecting XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['heart infarction']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissections', 'aortic dissection']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the techniques and therapeutic effects of endovascular stent-graft exclusion in @entity1580 and dissecting @entity439 . METHODS: The clinical data of 20 cases with @entity1580 and(or) dissecting @entity439 were analysed. Stanford A dissection was found in 2 cases, in which one had a tear entry on ascending aorta. Stanford B dissection was found in 18 cases. Five @entity1 had two or more tear entries in different sites. Endovascular @entity2635 -covered stent-graft exclusion was performed in all cases, of which, one case was also given fenestration and graft replacement and one subjected to Y graft bypass from ascending aorta to the left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery before endovascular stent-graft exclusion. RESULTS: No one died in operation. One @entity1 died of @entity1188 on the third day after operation. During the followup of 1 - 20 months, 19 @entity1 were alive well (95%). The @entity1580 and(or) dissecting @entity439 of all the @entity1 disappeared without endoleaks and organ or limb @entity63 . CONCLUSION: Endovascular stent-graft exclusion with high successful rate, low mortality and high survival rate, is simple, safe and effective in treating @entity1580 and dissecting @entity439 .

title: [Endovascular stent-graft exclusion on XXXX and dissecting @entity439 ].

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['aortic dissection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in a 6-year follow-up study the course of a large clinical sample of @entity1 with @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) who were treated with individual cognitive behavior therapy. The diagnostic crossover, recovery, and relapses were assessed, applying both Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) and the DSM-V proposed criteria. @entity1 with @entity1277 move in and out of illness states over time, display frequent relapses, show a relevant lifetime @entity146 comorbidity, and migrate between different diagnoses. METHOD: A total of 793 @entity1 (including @entity1278 , @entity5550 , and @entity1277 not otherwise specified) were evaluated on the first day of admission, at the end of treatment, 3 years after the end of treatment, and 3 years after the first follow-up. Clinical data were collected through a face-to-face interview; diagnosis was performed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: A consistent rate of relapse and crossover between the different diagnoses over time was observed. @entity1316 comorbidity has been found to be an important determinant of diagnostic instability, whereas the severity of shape concern represented a relevant outcome modifier. Using the DSM-V proposed criteria, most @entity1 of @entity1277 not otherwise specified were reclassified, so that the large majority of @entity2613 @entity1 seeking treatment would be included in full-blown diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1277 , there are different subgroups of @entity1 displaying various courses and outcomes. The diagnostic instability involves the large majority of @entity1 . An integration of categorical and dimensional approaches could improve the psychopathological investigation and the treatment choices.

title: Diagnostic crossover and outcome predictors in XXXX according to DSM-IV and DSM-V proposed criteria: a 6-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['EDs', 'eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether decompressive craniectomy improves the functional outcome in @entity1 with severe @entity131 and refractory raised intracranial pressure. METHODS: From December 2002 through April 2010, we randomly assigned 155 adults with severe @entity131 and intracranial @entity101 that was refractory to first-tier therapies to undergo either bifrontotemporoparietal decompressive craniectomy or standard care. The original primary outcome was an unfavorable outcome (a composite of @entity204 , vegetative state, or severe disability), as evaluated on the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months after the injury. The final primary outcome was the score on the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months. RESULTS: @entity1 in the craniectomy group, as compared with those in the standard-care group, had less time with intracranial pressures above the treatment threshold (P<0.001), fewer interventions for @entity428 (P<0.02 for all comparisons), and fewer days in the intensive care unit (ICU) (P<0.001). However, @entity1 undergoing craniectomy had worse scores on the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale than those receiving standard care (odds ratio for a worse score in the craniectomy group, 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 3.24; P=0.03) and a greater risk of an unfavorable outcome (odds ratio, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.14 to 4.26; P=0.02). Rates of @entity204 at 6 months were similar in the craniectomy group (19%) and the standard-care group (18%). CONCLUSIONS: In adults with severe @entity131 and refractory intracranial @entity101 , early bifrontotemporoparietal decompressive craniectomy decreased intracranial pressure and the length of stay in the ICU but was associated with more unfavorable outcomes. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and others; DECRA Australian Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN012605000009617.).

title: Decompressive craniectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse traumatic brain injury', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['diffuse traumatic brain injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To make a prospective assessment of the clinical and prognostic correlates of angiographically diffuse @entity301 . DESIGN: Angiographic vessel and extent scores were calculated in 228 clinically stable @entity1 (mean (SD) age, 60 (11) years; 43 @entity1 , 185 @entity1 ) undergoing prospective follow up for the composite end point of death and @entity583 . The effect on outcome of clinical variables (age, sex, previous @entity583 , @entity6 , smoking habit, systemic @entity101 , hypercholesterolaemia, ejection fraction) and angiographic variables (vessel and extent score) was evaluated by Cox's proportion hazard model. RESULTS: The vessel score was 3 in 34 @entity1 (15%), 2 in 78 (34%), 1 in 87 (38%), and 0 in 29 (13%). Median extent score was 60 (range 6-110; first quartile 40, third quartile 70). Forty one events (nine deaths and 32 @entity583 ) occurred over a median follow up period of 30 months. Age and extent score were the only multivariate predictors of outcome, but the latter provided 28% additional prognostic information after adjustment for the most predictive variables (gain in chi2 = 7, p < 0.01). A vessel score of 3 was associated with worse survival, while no significant discrimination was possible among the other groups. However, assignment of @entity1 to two groups according to an ROC curve derived cut off value for the extent score made it possible to obtain significant discrimination of survival even in cases with vessel scores of 0 to 2. Age and @entity6 were clinical markers of a higher extent score. CONCLUSIONS: The angiographic extent score is a powerful marker of adverse outcome independent of severity and the number of flow limiting @entity301 , and may reflect the link between clinical risk profile and diffusion of @entity453 . Thus it should be of clinical value for targeting aggressive preventive measures.

title: Prognostic and clinical correlates of angiographically diffuse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions', 'non-obstructive coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarcts']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['non-obstructive coronary lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuronal mechanisms underlying @entity1316 such as @entity308 ( @entity308 ) are still poorly understood. By selectively breeding @entity19 for high (HR), intermediate (IR), or low (LR) reactivity of the @entity1636 , we recently established a new genetic animal model of extremes in stress reactivity (SR). Studies characterizing this SR @entity19 model on the behavioral, endocrine, and neurobiological levels revealed several similarities with key endophenotypes observed in @entity308 @entity1 . HR @entity19 were shown to have changes in rhythmicity and sleep measures such as @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ) and non-REM sleep (NREMS) as well as in slow wave activity, indicative of reduced sleep efficacy and increased @entity11755 . In the present study we were interested in how far a detailed spectral analysis of several electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters, including relevant frequency bands, could reveal further alterations of sleep architecture in this animal model. Eight adult males of each of the three breeding lines were equipped with epidural EEG and intramuscular electromyogram (EMG) electrodes. After recovery, EEG and EMG recordings were performed for two days. RESULTS: Differences in the amount of @entity11755 and wakefulness and in the number of transitions between vigilance states were found in HR @entity19 , when compared with IR and LR animals. Increased frequencies of transitions from NREMS to @entity11755 and from @entity11755 to wakefulness in HR animals were robust across the light-dark cycle. Detailed statistical analyses of spectral EEG parameters showed that especially during NREMS the power of the theta (6-9 Hz), alpha (10-15 Hz) and eta (16-22.75 Hz) bands was significantly different between the three breeding lines. Well defined distributions of significant power differences could be assigned to different times during the light and the dark phase. Especially during NREMS, group differences were robust and could be continuously monitored across the light-dark cycle. CONCLUSIONS: The HR @entity19 , i.e. those animals that have a genetic predisposition to @entity1636 in response to stressors, showed disturbed patterns in sleep architecture, similar to what is known from @entity308 @entity1 . Significant alterations in several frequency bands of the EEG, which also seem to at least partly mimic clinical observations, suggest the SR @entity19 lines as a promising animal model for basic research of mechanisms underlying @entity25 in @entity308 .

title: Sleep disturbances in highly stress reactive @entity19 : modeling endophenotypes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'major depression', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-activating their HPA axis', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['rapid eye movement sleep', 'REMS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep impairments']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuronal mechanisms underlying @entity1316 such as @entity308 ( @entity308 ) are still poorly understood. By selectively breeding @entity19 for high (HR), intermediate (IR), or low (LR) reactivity of the @entity1636 , we recently established a new genetic animal model of extremes in stress reactivity (SR). Studies characterizing this SR @entity19 model on the behavioral, endocrine, and neurobiological levels revealed several similarities with key endophenotypes observed in @entity308 @entity1 . HR @entity19 were shown to have changes in rhythmicity and sleep measures such as @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ) and non-REM sleep (NREMS) as well as in slow wave activity, indicative of reduced sleep efficacy and increased @entity11755 . In the present study we were interested in how far a detailed spectral analysis of several electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters, including relevant frequency bands, could reveal further alterations of sleep architecture in this animal model. Eight adult males of each of the three breeding lines were equipped with epidural EEG and intramuscular electromyogram (EMG) electrodes. After recovery, EEG and EMG recordings were performed for two days. RESULTS: Differences in the amount of @entity11755 and wakefulness and in the number of transitions between vigilance states were found in HR @entity19 , when compared with IR and LR animals. Increased frequencies of transitions from NREMS to @entity11755 and from @entity11755 to wakefulness in HR animals were robust across the light-dark cycle. Detailed statistical analyses of spectral EEG parameters showed that especially during NREMS the power of the theta (6-9 Hz), alpha (10-15 Hz) and eta (16-22.75 Hz) bands was significantly different between the three breeding lines. Well defined distributions of significant power differences could be assigned to different times during the light and the dark phase. Especially during NREMS, group differences were robust and could be continuously monitored across the light-dark cycle. CONCLUSIONS: The HR @entity19 , i.e. those animals that have a genetic predisposition to @entity1636 in response to stressors, showed disturbed patterns in sleep architecture, similar to what is known from @entity308 @entity1 . Significant alterations in several frequency bands of the EEG, which also seem to at least partly mimic clinical observations, suggest the SR @entity19 lines as a promising animal model for basic research of mechanisms underlying @entity25 in @entity308 .

title: Sleep disturbances in highly stress reactive XXXX : modeling endophenotypes of @entity308 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) @entity2240 and @entity2857 have become a standard of care for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). This study assessed safety and treatment patterns for these agents in a real-world clinical practice setting in Italy. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review was performed at a tertiary oncology center in Italy. The study included MKI-na  ve non-trial @entity1 >= 18 years old, with a histological diagnosis of @entity1358 , and who received @entity2240 or @entity2857 as first MKI during 9/2005-7/2008. Data were collected on adverse events (AEs), treatment modifications (discontinuations, interruptions, dose changes), and reasons for these modifications. RESULTS: 145 @entity1 were included; 85 received @entity2240 and 60 received @entity2857 as first-line MKI. Median treatment duration was 6.6 ( @entity2240 ) and 5.8 ( @entity2857 ) months. 97.6% and 70.0% of @entity1 receiving @entity2240 and @entity2857 , respectively, experienced >= 1 AE; 27.1% and 31.7% had >= 1 grade 3/4 AE. The most common any grade AE for @entity2240 was @entity1295 / @entity1395 (81.2%), followed by @entity33 / @entity3136 (58.8%) and @entity1109 (42.4%), while for @entity2857 this was @entity1295 / @entity1395 (43.3%) followed by @entity8566 (38.3%) and @entity294 (31.7%). Treatment discontinuation, interruption, and dose reduction due to AEs occurred in 11.8%, 23.5%, and 30.6%, respectively, of @entity1 receiving @entity2240 , and 5.0%, 23.3%, and 36.7%, respectively, of @entity1 receiving @entity2857 . CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, most @entity1 experienced >= 1 AE during first-line MKI treatment. AEs were reported frequently and resulted in treatment modifications in 40% of @entity1 receiving @entity2240 and 45% of @entity1 receiving @entity2857 . These results suggest a need for additional effective and more tolerable treatments for @entity1358 .

title: Safety and treatment patterns of multikinase inhibitors in @entity1 with XXXX at a tertiary oncology center in Italy.

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['decreased taste sensation']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['mRCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) @entity2240 and @entity2857 have become a standard of care for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). This study assessed safety and treatment patterns for these agents in a real-world clinical practice setting in Italy. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review was performed at a tertiary oncology center in Italy. The study included MKI-na  ve non-trial @entity1 >= 18 years old, with a histological diagnosis of @entity1358 , and who received @entity2240 or @entity2857 as first MKI during 9/2005-7/2008. Data were collected on adverse events (AEs), treatment modifications (discontinuations, interruptions, dose changes), and reasons for these modifications. RESULTS: 145 @entity1 were included; 85 received @entity2240 and 60 received @entity2857 as first-line MKI. Median treatment duration was 6.6 ( @entity2240 ) and 5.8 ( @entity2857 ) months. 97.6% and 70.0% of @entity1 receiving @entity2240 and @entity2857 , respectively, experienced >= 1 AE; 27.1% and 31.7% had >= 1 grade 3/4 AE. The most common any grade AE for @entity2240 was @entity1295 / @entity1395 (81.2%), followed by @entity33 / @entity3136 (58.8%) and @entity1109 (42.4%), while for @entity2857 this was @entity1295 / @entity1395 (43.3%) followed by @entity8566 (38.3%) and @entity294 (31.7%). Treatment discontinuation, interruption, and dose reduction due to AEs occurred in 11.8%, 23.5%, and 30.6%, respectively, of @entity1 receiving @entity2240 , and 5.0%, 23.3%, and 36.7%, respectively, of @entity1 receiving @entity2857 . CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, most @entity1 experienced >= 1 AE during first-line MKI treatment. AEs were reported frequently and resulted in treatment modifications in 40% of @entity1 receiving @entity2240 and 45% of @entity1 receiving @entity2857 . These results suggest a need for additional effective and more tolerable treatments for @entity1358 .

title: Safety and treatment patterns of multikinase inhibitors in XXXX with @entity1358 at a tertiary oncology center in Italy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are environmental pollutants ubiquitously distributed. They are generated by incomplete combustion of organic materials such as wood or fossil fuels. Due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic effects and to their wide distribution in the environment, these pollutants pose many concerns to researchers and regulators. In our laboratories we investigated the effect of @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) exposure in the marine diatom @entity30860 , which has become an important model organism in aquatic toxicology studies. RESULTS: In order to investigate the mechanism of action of @entity2556 , we exposed the diatoms for 24 h to 36.45  g/L of @entity3015 which inhibits the growth by about 30%, and analysed the relative protein expression profile by a quantitative proteomics approach based on iTRAQ labels. The proteomics profile analysis showed that around 10% of the identified proteins were regulated and one fourth of them confirmed the gene expression changes seen by DNA microarray. Particularly interesting was the down regulation of the @entity6619 transporter 1 (SIT1), an enzyme that is responsible for the uptake of @entity6619 from the media into the diatom cells. Regulation of SIT1 upon @entity3015 treatment was also confirmed at the gene expression level. CONCLUSIONS: The potential use of the regulated proteins found in this study as early indicators of environmental exposure to @entity2556 is discussed. In particular, SIT1 is considered a promising biomarker and SIT1 expression changes were confirmed also when the diatoms were exposed to field samples, e.g. marine surface sediments contaminated by @entity2556 .

title: Proteomic analysis of the marine diatom XXXX upon exposure to @entity3014 .

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity30860 :: ('35128', 'Species') :: ['Thalassiosira pseudonana']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity6619 :: ('MESH:D012825', 'Chemical') :: ['silicon', 'Silicon']

answer: @entity30860 :: (35128,Species) :: ['Thalassiosira pseudonana']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are environmental pollutants ubiquitously distributed. They are generated by incomplete combustion of organic materials such as wood or fossil fuels. Due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic effects and to their wide distribution in the environment, these pollutants pose many concerns to researchers and regulators. In our laboratories we investigated the effect of @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) exposure in the marine diatom @entity30860 , which has become an important model organism in aquatic toxicology studies. RESULTS: In order to investigate the mechanism of action of @entity2556 , we exposed the diatoms for 24 h to 36.45  g/L of @entity3015 which inhibits the growth by about 30%, and analysed the relative protein expression profile by a quantitative proteomics approach based on iTRAQ labels. The proteomics profile analysis showed that around 10% of the identified proteins were regulated and one fourth of them confirmed the gene expression changes seen by DNA microarray. Particularly interesting was the down regulation of the @entity6619 transporter 1 (SIT1), an enzyme that is responsible for the uptake of @entity6619 from the media into the diatom cells. Regulation of SIT1 upon @entity3015 treatment was also confirmed at the gene expression level. CONCLUSIONS: The potential use of the regulated proteins found in this study as early indicators of environmental exposure to @entity2556 is discussed. In particular, SIT1 is considered a promising biomarker and SIT1 expression changes were confirmed also when the diatoms were exposed to field samples, e.g. marine surface sediments contaminated by @entity2556 .

title: Proteomic analysis of the marine diatom @entity30860 upon exposure to XXXX .

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome after ACL reconstruction between a group of @entity1 receiving a standardized, supervised, physiotherapy-guided rehabilitation programme and a group of @entity1 who followed an unsupervised, home-based rehabilitation programme. METHODS: Forty @entity1 with isolated anterior cruciate @entity130 were allocated to either a supervised physiotherapy intervention group or home-based exercise group. @entity1 were investigated by an independent examiner pre-operative, 3, 6, 9 and 12  months post-surgery using the following outcome measures: Lysholm Score and Tegner Activity Scale, functional hopping tests, and isometric and isokinetic strength assessments. RESULTS: Both groups improved significantly (P  =  0.01-0.04) following 12  months after surgery. The median Lysholm score increased from 57 (34-90) to 94 (90-100) in the supervised group and 60 (41-87) to 97 (95-100) in the unsupervised group. The median Tegner Activity Scale increased from 3 (2-8) to 6 (3-8) in the supervised group and 4 (2-8) to 5 (3-10) in the unsupervised group. The combined mean symmetry indices for the hopping tests improved from 77.3      18.7 to 86.8      11.1 (supervised) and from 78.1      30.5 to 88.3      10.9 (unsupervised). Isometric and isokinetic strength symmetry indices for knee extension improved from 68.9      23.5 to 82.8      11.9, respectively, 63.7  +  22.8 to 82.7  +  15.1 in the supervised group and from 73.6      20.5 to 76.5      17.9, respectively, 69.5      24.3 to 76.9      16.9 in the unsupervised group. Eccentric strength symmetry indices for knee extension improved from 67.9      27.7 to 87.8      6.8 in the supervised group and from 71.3      17.8 to 82.6      15.6 in the unsupervised group. CONCLUSION: This study could not demonstrate a benefit in a rehabilitation programme supervised by a physiotherapist in our population compared to an unsupervised cohort.

title: Physiotherapy-guided versus home-based, unsupervised rehabilitation in isolated anterior cruciate XXXX following surgical reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: Macrophage death in advanced @entity731 leads to lesional @entity39 and likely promotes @entity1344 , a precursor of acute vascular events. Macrophages in @entity1442 accumulate large amounts of unesterified @entity165 , which is a potent inducer of macrophage apoptosis. We have shown recently that induction of apoptosis in cultured macrophages requires @entity165 trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, macrophages from @entity19 with a heterozygous mutation in the @entity165 -trafficking protein @entity30385 have a selective defect in @entity165 trafficking to the ER and are protected from @entity165 -induced apoptosis. The goal of the present study was to test the importance of intracellular @entity165 trafficking in atherosclerotic lesional macrophage death by comparing lesion morphology in @entity30385 +/+; @entity6970 -/- and @entity30385 +/-; @entity6970 -/- @entity19 . Although @entity1442 in @entity30385 +/+; @entity6970 -/- @entity19 had extensive acellular areas that were rich in unesterified @entity165 and macrophage debris, the lesions of @entity30385 +/-; @entity6970 -/- @entity19 were substantially more cellular and less @entity39 . Moreover, compared with @entity30385 +/-; @entity6970 -/- lesions, @entity30385 +/+; @entity6970 -/- lesions had a greater number of large, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling)-positive areas surrounding @entity39 areas, indicative of macrophage apoptosis. These differences were observed despite similar total lesion area and similar plasma lipid levels in the two groups of @entity19 . These data provide in vivo evidence that intact intracellular @entity165 trafficking is important for macrophage apoptosis in advanced @entity731 and that the ER-based model of @entity165 -induced @entity137 is physiologically relevant. Moreover, by showing that lesional @entity39 can be diminished by a subtle defect in intracellular trafficking, these findings suggest therapeutic strategies to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.

title: Niemann-Pick C heterozygosity confers resistance to lesional @entity39 and macrophage apoptosis in @entity19 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lesions']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['plaque instability']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: Macrophage death in advanced @entity731 leads to lesional @entity39 and likely promotes @entity1344 , a precursor of acute vascular events. Macrophages in @entity1442 accumulate large amounts of unesterified @entity165 , which is a potent inducer of macrophage apoptosis. We have shown recently that induction of apoptosis in cultured macrophages requires @entity165 trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, macrophages from @entity19 with a heterozygous mutation in the @entity165 -trafficking protein @entity30385 have a selective defect in @entity165 trafficking to the ER and are protected from @entity165 -induced apoptosis. The goal of the present study was to test the importance of intracellular @entity165 trafficking in atherosclerotic lesional macrophage death by comparing lesion morphology in @entity30385 +/+; @entity6970 -/- and @entity30385 +/-; @entity6970 -/- @entity19 . Although @entity1442 in @entity30385 +/+; @entity6970 -/- @entity19 had extensive acellular areas that were rich in unesterified @entity165 and macrophage debris, the lesions of @entity30385 +/-; @entity6970 -/- @entity19 were substantially more cellular and less @entity39 . Moreover, compared with @entity30385 +/-; @entity6970 -/- lesions, @entity30385 +/+; @entity6970 -/- lesions had a greater number of large, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling)-positive areas surrounding @entity39 areas, indicative of macrophage apoptosis. These differences were observed despite similar total lesion area and similar plasma lipid levels in the two groups of @entity19 . These data provide in vivo evidence that intact intracellular @entity165 trafficking is important for macrophage apoptosis in advanced @entity731 and that the ER-based model of @entity165 -induced @entity137 is physiologically relevant. Moreover, by showing that lesional @entity39 can be diminished by a subtle defect in intracellular trafficking, these findings suggest therapeutic strategies to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.

title: Niemann-Pick C heterozygosity confers resistance to lesional XXXX and macrophage apoptosis in @entity19 @entity731 .

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: Macrophage death in advanced @entity731 leads to lesional @entity39 and likely promotes @entity1344 , a precursor of acute vascular events. Macrophages in @entity1442 accumulate large amounts of unesterified @entity165 , which is a potent inducer of macrophage apoptosis. We have shown recently that induction of apoptosis in cultured macrophages requires @entity165 trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, macrophages from @entity19 with a heterozygous mutation in the @entity165 -trafficking protein @entity30385 have a selective defect in @entity165 trafficking to the ER and are protected from @entity165 -induced apoptosis. The goal of the present study was to test the importance of intracellular @entity165 trafficking in atherosclerotic lesional macrophage death by comparing lesion morphology in @entity30385 +/+; @entity6970 -/- and @entity30385 +/-; @entity6970 -/- @entity19 . Although @entity1442 in @entity30385 +/+; @entity6970 -/- @entity19 had extensive acellular areas that were rich in unesterified @entity165 and macrophage debris, the lesions of @entity30385 +/-; @entity6970 -/- @entity19 were substantially more cellular and less @entity39 . Moreover, compared with @entity30385 +/-; @entity6970 -/- lesions, @entity30385 +/+; @entity6970 -/- lesions had a greater number of large, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling)-positive areas surrounding @entity39 areas, indicative of macrophage apoptosis. These differences were observed despite similar total lesion area and similar plasma lipid levels in the two groups of @entity19 . These data provide in vivo evidence that intact intracellular @entity165 trafficking is important for macrophage apoptosis in advanced @entity731 and that the ER-based model of @entity165 -induced @entity137 is physiologically relevant. Moreover, by showing that lesional @entity39 can be diminished by a subtle defect in intracellular trafficking, these findings suggest therapeutic strategies to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.

title: Niemann-Pick C heterozygosity confers resistance to lesional @entity39 and macrophage apoptosis in XXXX @entity731 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Strict glycemic control (SGC) is reported to have a beneficial effect on @entity305 / @entity121 (CINM) and the duration of mechanical ventilation. The methodology used to diagnose CINM differs substantially in studies on this topic. This may influence the reported treatment effect. We reviewed literature on the effect of SGC on CINM and duration of ventilation by conducting a OVID Medline systematic electronic search of literature describing effects of SGC on occurrence of CINM and the effect of SGC on the duration of mechanical ventilation. A beneficial effect of SGC on CINM, diagnosed by needle myography, was reported in three studies. One of these studies showed that the incidence of @entity425 or @entity177 to wean did not decrease by SGC, as the number of electrophysiological studies (EMG) ordered for these problems remained the same. Another study reported no improvement of muscle strength due to SGC. SGC reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation in three studies while six other studies did not report this beneficial effect. SGC seems to have a beneficial effect on CINM, but the reported risk reduction is likely to be an overestimation of the treatment effect due to the diagnostic methods used. Duration of mechanical ventilation may not be a reliable surrogate marker for CINM and a beneficial effect of SGC on this parameter has not been proven. We propose to use the recently developed diagnostic criteria for ICU-acquired @entity425 and @entity3124 in future studies.

title: Is XXXX and duration of mechanical ventilation decreased by strict glucose control?

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness neuromyopathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness neuromyopathy']


abstract: Thyroid nodules are a rare occurrence in @entity1 but represent an important clinical problem because of the possibility of @entity5 . We report the case of a 4-year-old @entity1 with @entity1274 , who presented with a painless mass in the right anterior cervical region. Cervical ultrasound demonstrated a solid nodule (1.4 x 2.5 x 1.7 cm) in the right thyroid lobe. Thyroid function tests revealed @entity1375 (free T4 1.0 ng/dl; TSH 57 mIU/l) with no detectable thyroid antibodies. A 99mTc thyroid scan showed a generalised slightly increased tracer retention (4.6%) with an enlarged right lobe, without distinct nodules. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed normal follicular cells. The @entity1 was treated with @entity1955 which resulted in a complete clinical and sonographical disappearance of the nodule. A CT scan of temporal bones revealed a bilaterally @entity15902 with Mondini @entity600 . The combination of all these symptoms suggested the diagnosis of @entity18260 ( @entity18260 ), a disorder characterised by congenital @entity1274 and a variable degree of thyromegaly due to mutations in the @entity6361 /PDSgene. DNA analysis disclosed a so far unreported homozygous splice site mutation ( @entity72698 ) in intron 8 of the @entity6361 gene confirming this diagnosis. CONCLUSION: a solitary thyroid nodule may therefore be another presenting symptom of thyroid involvement in @entity18260

title: Solitary thyroid nodule as presenting symptom of XXXX caused by a novel splice-site mutation in intron 8 of the @entity6361 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['compensated hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity18260 :: ('MESH:C536648', 'Disease') :: ['PDS', 'Pendred syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['l-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation of the cochlea']

entities_list: @entity15902 :: ('MESH:C566366', 'Disease') :: ['enlarged vestibular aqueduct']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'sensorineural deafness']

answer: @entity18260 :: (MESH:C536648,Disease) :: ['Pendred syndrome']


abstract: Thyroid nodules are a rare occurrence in @entity1 but represent an important clinical problem because of the possibility of @entity5 . We report the case of a 4-year-old @entity1 with @entity1274 , who presented with a painless mass in the right anterior cervical region. Cervical ultrasound demonstrated a solid nodule (1.4 x 2.5 x 1.7 cm) in the right thyroid lobe. Thyroid function tests revealed @entity1375 (free T4 1.0 ng/dl; TSH 57 mIU/l) with no detectable thyroid antibodies. A 99mTc thyroid scan showed a generalised slightly increased tracer retention (4.6%) with an enlarged right lobe, without distinct nodules. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed normal follicular cells. The @entity1 was treated with @entity1955 which resulted in a complete clinical and sonographical disappearance of the nodule. A CT scan of temporal bones revealed a bilaterally @entity15902 with Mondini @entity600 . The combination of all these symptoms suggested the diagnosis of @entity18260 ( @entity18260 ), a disorder characterised by congenital @entity1274 and a variable degree of thyromegaly due to mutations in the @entity6361 /PDSgene. DNA analysis disclosed a so far unreported homozygous splice site mutation ( @entity72698 ) in intron 8 of the @entity6361 gene confirming this diagnosis. CONCLUSION: a solitary thyroid nodule may therefore be another presenting symptom of thyroid involvement in @entity18260

title: Solitary thyroid nodule as presenting symptom of @entity18260 caused by a novel splice-site mutation in intron 8 of the XXXX gene.

answer: @entity6361 :: (5172,Gene) :: ['SLC26A4']


abstract: In this randomized double-blind crossover trial we compared the antiproteinuric effects of @entity4688 and @entity9886 in six @entity1 with @entity644 and underlying @entity8 . The primary endpoint was reduction in @entity644 during therapy. The study had two 8-week on-drug arms, with a 4-week washout period between. Baseline @entity644 was similar, @entity4688 87 mg/m(2) per hour and @entity9886 77 mg/m(2) per hour. The mean reduction in @entity644 with @entity4688 was 48% (37%-57%) with a standard error of the mean of 3%; with @entity9886 it was 31% (14%-52%) with a standard error of the mean of 7%. Although there was a significant reduction in @entity644 with the use of both drugs, the difference in reduction of @entity644 , 48% versus 31%, was not considered clinically significant. @entity972 remained below 4.5 mmol/l in all @entity1 . No @entity1 's @entity1011 rose more than the standard deviation of our assay. Blood pressure (BP) control was acceptable in four of the six @entity1 ; two @entity1 had persistently elevated or increased BP on each drug. Side effects were minimal; none requiring withdrawal, one requiring dose reduction. Studies have shown that @entity1289 inhibitors can reduce @entity644 in @entity1 with @entity8 . No studies to date have examined the reduction of @entity644 achieved by angiotensin receptor blockers. Our study, although small, suggests that angiotensin receptor blockers may reduce @entity644 as effectively, and as safely, as @entity1289 inhibitors.

title: Antiproteinuric effects of XXXX and @entity9886 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disorders', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity4688 :: (MESH:D004656,Chemical) :: ['enalapril']


abstract: In this randomized double-blind crossover trial we compared the antiproteinuric effects of @entity4688 and @entity9886 in six @entity1 with @entity644 and underlying @entity8 . The primary endpoint was reduction in @entity644 during therapy. The study had two 8-week on-drug arms, with a 4-week washout period between. Baseline @entity644 was similar, @entity4688 87 mg/m(2) per hour and @entity9886 77 mg/m(2) per hour. The mean reduction in @entity644 with @entity4688 was 48% (37%-57%) with a standard error of the mean of 3%; with @entity9886 it was 31% (14%-52%) with a standard error of the mean of 7%. Although there was a significant reduction in @entity644 with the use of both drugs, the difference in reduction of @entity644 , 48% versus 31%, was not considered clinically significant. @entity972 remained below 4.5 mmol/l in all @entity1 . No @entity1 's @entity1011 rose more than the standard deviation of our assay. Blood pressure (BP) control was acceptable in four of the six @entity1 ; two @entity1 had persistently elevated or increased BP on each drug. Side effects were minimal; none requiring withdrawal, one requiring dose reduction. Studies have shown that @entity1289 inhibitors can reduce @entity644 in @entity1 with @entity8 . No studies to date have examined the reduction of @entity644 achieved by angiotensin receptor blockers. Our study, although small, suggests that angiotensin receptor blockers may reduce @entity644 as effectively, and as safely, as @entity1289 inhibitors.

title: Antiproteinuric effects of @entity4688 and XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['losartan']


abstract: @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) has been shown to promote the development of @entity19 @entity1489 . @entity17782 is 1 of the 4 @entity1421 G-protein-coupled membrane receptors expressed by @entity19 keratinocytes. @entity17782 mRNA levels were increased    2-fold after topical treatment with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) or exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, as well as increased    3- to 12-fold in @entity5 induced by @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) initiation/ @entity865 promotion or by UV exposure. To determine the effect of @entity17782 levels on @entity5 development, we generated BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 that overexpress @entity17782 in the basal layer of the epidermis. Skins of these @entity19 were histologically indistinguishable from @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 and had similar levels of proliferation after @entity865 treatment. Using a @entity106 / @entity865 carcinogenesis protocol, BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 had a reduced @entity5 multiplicity compared to @entity164 @entity19 , likely due to the observed down-regulation of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ). However, the BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 had an    8-fold @entity1185 to @entity189 conversion rate. When @entity106 / @entity7141 was used, BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 produced more @entity5 than @entity164 @entity19 , as well as a ninefold increase in @entity189 , indicating that the @entity5 response is dependent on the type of @entity5 promoter agent used. Additionally, although almost undetectable in @entity164 @entity19 , @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) was expressed in the untreated epidermis of BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 . While @entity865 highly induced @entity1996 in @entity164 @entity19 , @entity1996 expression in the BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 did not change after @entity865 treatment; @entity1421 levels were likewise affected. These data indicate that @entity17782 is more important in @entity5 progression than in @entity5 promotion and that it indirectly regulates @entity1996 expression.

title: Upregulation of the @entity17782 receptor for XXXX promotes @entity1489 progression.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin E(2)', 'PGE(2)']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['higher papilloma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'protein kinase C']

entities_list: @entity7141 :: ('MESH:D000875', 'Chemical') :: ['anthralin']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) has been shown to promote the development of @entity19 @entity1489 . @entity17782 is 1 of the 4 @entity1421 G-protein-coupled membrane receptors expressed by @entity19 keratinocytes. @entity17782 mRNA levels were increased    2-fold after topical treatment with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) or exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, as well as increased    3- to 12-fold in @entity5 induced by @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) initiation/ @entity865 promotion or by UV exposure. To determine the effect of @entity17782 levels on @entity5 development, we generated BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 that overexpress @entity17782 in the basal layer of the epidermis. Skins of these @entity19 were histologically indistinguishable from @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 and had similar levels of proliferation after @entity865 treatment. Using a @entity106 / @entity865 carcinogenesis protocol, BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 had a reduced @entity5 multiplicity compared to @entity164 @entity19 , likely due to the observed down-regulation of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ). However, the BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 had an    8-fold @entity1185 to @entity189 conversion rate. When @entity106 / @entity7141 was used, BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 produced more @entity5 than @entity164 @entity19 , as well as a ninefold increase in @entity189 , indicating that the @entity5 response is dependent on the type of @entity5 promoter agent used. Additionally, although almost undetectable in @entity164 @entity19 , @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) was expressed in the untreated epidermis of BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 . While @entity865 highly induced @entity1996 in @entity164 @entity19 , @entity1996 expression in the BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 did not change after @entity865 treatment; @entity1421 levels were likewise affected. These data indicate that @entity17782 is more important in @entity5 progression than in @entity5 promotion and that it indirectly regulates @entity1996 expression.

title: Upregulation of the XXXX receptor for @entity1421 promotes @entity1489 progression.

answer: @entity17782 :: (19216(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['EP1']


abstract: @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) has been shown to promote the development of @entity19 @entity1489 . @entity17782 is 1 of the 4 @entity1421 G-protein-coupled membrane receptors expressed by @entity19 keratinocytes. @entity17782 mRNA levels were increased    2-fold after topical treatment with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) or exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, as well as increased    3- to 12-fold in @entity5 induced by @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) initiation/ @entity865 promotion or by UV exposure. To determine the effect of @entity17782 levels on @entity5 development, we generated BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 that overexpress @entity17782 in the basal layer of the epidermis. Skins of these @entity19 were histologically indistinguishable from @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 and had similar levels of proliferation after @entity865 treatment. Using a @entity106 / @entity865 carcinogenesis protocol, BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 had a reduced @entity5 multiplicity compared to @entity164 @entity19 , likely due to the observed down-regulation of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ). However, the BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 had an    8-fold @entity1185 to @entity189 conversion rate. When @entity106 / @entity7141 was used, BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 produced more @entity5 than @entity164 @entity19 , as well as a ninefold increase in @entity189 , indicating that the @entity5 response is dependent on the type of @entity5 promoter agent used. Additionally, although almost undetectable in @entity164 @entity19 , @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) was expressed in the untreated epidermis of BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 . While @entity865 highly induced @entity1996 in @entity164 @entity19 , @entity1996 expression in the BK5. @entity17782 @entity19 did not change after @entity865 treatment; @entity1421 levels were likewise affected. These data indicate that @entity17782 is more important in @entity5 progression than in @entity5 promotion and that it indirectly regulates @entity1996 expression.

title: Upregulation of the @entity17782 receptor for @entity1421 promotes XXXX progression.

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the procedural performance and the acute angiographic result on side-branch ostium obtained using 2 different drug-eluting stents (DES) to treat @entity1 with bifurcated @entity301 . BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents are routinely used in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of bifurcated @entity301 . Different DES types have major technical differences that may influence the procedural and clinical performance in bifurcation PCI. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity75 undergoing DES implantation using a systematic provisional-stenting strategy were randomized to @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) or @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES) before intervention. The procedural details for PCI were prospectively recorded to assess the occurrence of any trouble in the side-branch (SB) management (primary end point). Post-PCI angiographic result (primary end point: minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium) was evaluated offline by 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis. Clinical outcome was prospectively recorded up to 18 months to assess the occurrence of target bifurcation failure. RESULTS: A total of 150 @entity1 were enrolled in the study (29% diabetics, 17% unprotected left main). The stent was successfully implanted according to randomization in all cases. Procedural performance was not significantly different between the 2 kinds of DES. Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis showed similar post-PCI results in the main vessel and better results in the SB with EES than with SES (minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium: 1.94    0.72 mm vs. 1.64    0.62 mm; p = 0.013). At 18 months, target bifurcation failure occurred in 7 (9.0%) of SES-treated @entity1 versus 8 (10.7%) of EES @entity1 (p = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity75 treated by provisional stenting technique, EES compared with SES is associated with similar procedural performance and better 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis result in the SB. Both DES are associated with low rates of major adverse events and angiographic failure. ( @entity3446 Versus @entity2239 -Eluting Stent Randomized Assessment in Bifurcated Lesions and Clinical Significance of Residual Side-Branch Stenosis [SEA-SIDE]; NCT00697372).

title: Prospective randomized comparison of XXXX - or @entity2239 -eluting stent to treat @entity75 by provisional approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bifurcated lesions']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the procedural performance and the acute angiographic result on side-branch ostium obtained using 2 different drug-eluting stents (DES) to treat @entity1 with bifurcated @entity301 . BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents are routinely used in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of bifurcated @entity301 . Different DES types have major technical differences that may influence the procedural and clinical performance in bifurcation PCI. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity75 undergoing DES implantation using a systematic provisional-stenting strategy were randomized to @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) or @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES) before intervention. The procedural details for PCI were prospectively recorded to assess the occurrence of any trouble in the side-branch (SB) management (primary end point). Post-PCI angiographic result (primary end point: minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium) was evaluated offline by 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis. Clinical outcome was prospectively recorded up to 18 months to assess the occurrence of target bifurcation failure. RESULTS: A total of 150 @entity1 were enrolled in the study (29% diabetics, 17% unprotected left main). The stent was successfully implanted according to randomization in all cases. Procedural performance was not significantly different between the 2 kinds of DES. Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis showed similar post-PCI results in the main vessel and better results in the SB with EES than with SES (minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium: 1.94    0.72 mm vs. 1.64    0.62 mm; p = 0.013). At 18 months, target bifurcation failure occurred in 7 (9.0%) of SES-treated @entity1 versus 8 (10.7%) of EES @entity1 (p = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity75 treated by provisional stenting technique, EES compared with SES is associated with similar procedural performance and better 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis result in the SB. Both DES are associated with low rates of major adverse events and angiographic failure. ( @entity3446 Versus @entity2239 -Eluting Stent Randomized Assessment in Bifurcated Lesions and Clinical Significance of Residual Side-Branch Stenosis [SEA-SIDE]; NCT00697372).

title: Prospective randomized comparison of @entity3446 - or XXXX -eluting stent to treat @entity75 by provisional approach.

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the procedural performance and the acute angiographic result on side-branch ostium obtained using 2 different drug-eluting stents (DES) to treat @entity1 with bifurcated @entity301 . BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents are routinely used in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of bifurcated @entity301 . Different DES types have major technical differences that may influence the procedural and clinical performance in bifurcation PCI. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity75 undergoing DES implantation using a systematic provisional-stenting strategy were randomized to @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) or @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES) before intervention. The procedural details for PCI were prospectively recorded to assess the occurrence of any trouble in the side-branch (SB) management (primary end point). Post-PCI angiographic result (primary end point: minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium) was evaluated offline by 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis. Clinical outcome was prospectively recorded up to 18 months to assess the occurrence of target bifurcation failure. RESULTS: A total of 150 @entity1 were enrolled in the study (29% diabetics, 17% unprotected left main). The stent was successfully implanted according to randomization in all cases. Procedural performance was not significantly different between the 2 kinds of DES. Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis showed similar post-PCI results in the main vessel and better results in the SB with EES than with SES (minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium: 1.94    0.72 mm vs. 1.64    0.62 mm; p = 0.013). At 18 months, target bifurcation failure occurred in 7 (9.0%) of SES-treated @entity1 versus 8 (10.7%) of EES @entity1 (p = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity75 treated by provisional stenting technique, EES compared with SES is associated with similar procedural performance and better 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis result in the SB. Both DES are associated with low rates of major adverse events and angiographic failure. ( @entity3446 Versus @entity2239 -Eluting Stent Randomized Assessment in Bifurcated Lesions and Clinical Significance of Residual Side-Branch Stenosis [SEA-SIDE]; NCT00697372).

title: Prospective randomized comparison of @entity3446 - or @entity2239 -eluting stent to treat XXXX by provisional approach.

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['bifurcated lesions']


abstract: The time course of tissue distribution of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) has not been sufficiently characterized despite its therapeutic importance and an apparent disconnect between plasma pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes. The goals of this work were to develop and evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize the disposition properties of @entity11015 administered as deoxycholate formulation in healthy @entity35 and to examine the utility of the PBPK model for interspecies scaling of @entity11015 pharmacokinetics. @entity11015 plasma and tissue concentration-time data, following single and multiple intravenous administration of @entity2379   to @entity35 , from several publications were combined for construction of the model. Physiological parameters were fixed to literature values. Various structural models for single organs were evaluated, and the whole-body PBPK model included liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, plasma, and remainder compartments. The final model resulted in a good simultaneous description of both single and multiple dose data sets. Incorporation of three subcompartments for @entity8 was required for capturing a prolonged half-life in these organs. The predictive performance of the final PBPK model was assessed by evaluating its utility in predicting pharmacokinetics of @entity11015 in @entity19 and @entity1 . Clearance and permeability-surface area terms were scaled with body weight. The model demonstrated good predictions of plasma @entity11015 concentration-time profiles for both species. This modeling framework represents an important basis that may be further utilized for characterization of formulation- and disease-related factors in @entity11015 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

title: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of XXXX disposition in @entity35 following administration of deoxycholate formulation ( @entity2379  ): pooled analysis of published data.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['spleen and kidney tissues']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Fungizone']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: The time course of tissue distribution of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) has not been sufficiently characterized despite its therapeutic importance and an apparent disconnect between plasma pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes. The goals of this work were to develop and evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize the disposition properties of @entity11015 administered as deoxycholate formulation in healthy @entity35 and to examine the utility of the PBPK model for interspecies scaling of @entity11015 pharmacokinetics. @entity11015 plasma and tissue concentration-time data, following single and multiple intravenous administration of @entity2379   to @entity35 , from several publications were combined for construction of the model. Physiological parameters were fixed to literature values. Various structural models for single organs were evaluated, and the whole-body PBPK model included liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, plasma, and remainder compartments. The final model resulted in a good simultaneous description of both single and multiple dose data sets. Incorporation of three subcompartments for @entity8 was required for capturing a prolonged half-life in these organs. The predictive performance of the final PBPK model was assessed by evaluating its utility in predicting pharmacokinetics of @entity11015 in @entity19 and @entity1 . Clearance and permeability-surface area terms were scaled with body weight. The model demonstrated good predictions of plasma @entity11015 concentration-time profiles for both species. This modeling framework represents an important basis that may be further utilized for characterization of formulation- and disease-related factors in @entity11015 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

title: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of @entity2379 disposition in @entity35 following administration of deoxycholate formulation ( XXXX  ): pooled analysis of published data.

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['Fungizone']


abstract: The time course of tissue distribution of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) has not been sufficiently characterized despite its therapeutic importance and an apparent disconnect between plasma pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes. The goals of this work were to develop and evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize the disposition properties of @entity11015 administered as deoxycholate formulation in healthy @entity35 and to examine the utility of the PBPK model for interspecies scaling of @entity11015 pharmacokinetics. @entity11015 plasma and tissue concentration-time data, following single and multiple intravenous administration of @entity2379   to @entity35 , from several publications were combined for construction of the model. Physiological parameters were fixed to literature values. Various structural models for single organs were evaluated, and the whole-body PBPK model included liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, plasma, and remainder compartments. The final model resulted in a good simultaneous description of both single and multiple dose data sets. Incorporation of three subcompartments for @entity8 was required for capturing a prolonged half-life in these organs. The predictive performance of the final PBPK model was assessed by evaluating its utility in predicting pharmacokinetics of @entity11015 in @entity19 and @entity1 . Clearance and permeability-surface area terms were scaled with body weight. The model demonstrated good predictions of plasma @entity11015 concentration-time profiles for both species. This modeling framework represents an important basis that may be further utilized for characterization of formulation- and disease-related factors in @entity11015 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

title: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of @entity2379 disposition in XXXX following administration of deoxycholate formulation ( @entity2379  ): pooled analysis of published data.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the outcome and effectiveness of liver surgery for huge @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in the caudate lobe. METHODS: This study retrospectively examined 18 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for huge @entity157 in the caudate lobe. An isolated caudate lobectomy and an extended caudate lobectomy were each performed in nine @entity1 (50%). The @entity260 and treatments for recurrence were recorded. The survival curve was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The postoperative mortality and morbidity were nil and 33.3%, respectively. Fourteen @entity1 (77%) had @entity5 recurrence as of the last follow-up. The recurrence was treated in all @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, a median of three times per @entity1 (range, 1-7); one of those @entity1 also received percutaneous @entity1068 injection therapy and radiotherapy of recurrent nodules. One @entity1 was treated with systemic chemotherapy. One @entity1 underwent liver transplantation, and one underwent a repeated liver resection. The overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 83%, 47%, and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Long-term survival can be achieved using an aggressive surgical approach in selected @entity1 with huge @entity157 in the caudate lobe.

title: Surgical treatment of huge XXXX in the caudate lobe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In @entity1 with normal estimated renal function before robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN), there is still a risk for de Novo @entity740 ( @entity740 ). We assessed the role of dipstick spot @entity644 in risk stratifying @entity1 for @entity740 progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From our prospectively maintained, institutional review board-approved database of @entity1 undergoing RPN, we queried those with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 and bilateral functional units. We assessed @entity644 through dipstick (trace or above) on voided urine in preoperative urologic appointment <3 weeks before RPN. Proteinuric @entity1 were compared with the remainder of the cohort with parametric comparisons for continuous and chi-squared analysis for categoric variables. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed assessing the risk of de Novo @entity740 stage III development, estimated by the @entity740 -EPI equation. RESULTS: We found 269 @entity1 with eGFR >60 preoperatively, of whom 57 (21%) had @entity644 preoperatively. In univariate analysis, these @entity1 were more likely to be @entity6 (p   =   0.023) and to be on an @entity7774 converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (p   =   0.001) but had similar age (p   =   0.13), body-mass index (p   =   0.09), and @entity5 size (p   =   0.56) with similar rates of @entity101 (p   =   0.07). At a median 16 months, controlling for confounding variables, preoperative @entity644 on urinary dipstick was associated with a 2.3* (95% confidence interval 1.03-4.95) increased risk of de Novo @entity740 stage III progression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity644 preoperatively, despite a normal eGFR, likely have @entity66 . These @entity1 should be counseled preoperatively that they have a higher risk of @entity740 progression following RPN.

title: Association of Urine Dipstick XXXX and Postoperative Renal Function Following Robotic Partial Nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic medicorenal disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['Proteinuria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A cell line (eelB) was developed from the outgrowth of adherent cells from brain explants of the @entity35465 , @entity35465 (Lesueur). EelB cells have been grown routinely in L-15 with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), undergone over 100 passages, and cryopreserved successfully. The cells from late-passage cultures (>45) were polygonal, formed @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) on Matrigel, and stained immunocytochemically for @entity2880 factor (vWF) and for three tight junction proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin 3, and claudin 5. These results suggest that eelB is an endothelial cell line, one of the few from fish and the first from the brain. Despite this, eelB did not respond to @entity1300 ( @entity1300 ) with the induction of CYP1A protein. The cells from early-passage cultures (<20) had more varied shapes and did not form @entity2383 on Matrigel. Only cells from early-passage cultures formed in suspension three-dimensional aggregates that had some cells expressing alkaline phosphatase and nestin. These cells are thought to be neural stem cells and the aggregates neurospheres. The emergence of endothelial-like cells upon the continued subcultivation of cells from early-passage cultures that had neural stem cells has been described previously for mammals, but this is a first for teleosts. Remarkably, cells from all passage levels were stained strongly for senescence-associated b-galactosidase (SA b-Gal) activity.

title: Development of a cell line from the XXXX brain expressing endothelial cell properties.

entities_list: @entity1300 :: ('MESH:D013749', 'Chemical') :: ['TCDD', '2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['capillary-like structures', 'CLS']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity35465 :: ('7938', 'Species') :: ['Anguilla rostrata', 'American eel']

answer: @entity35465 :: (7938,Species) :: ['American eel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We wanted to describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of @entity1085 ( @entity378 ) and to correlate them with pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were seven @entity1 (M:F = 3:4; mean age, 46.3 years; age range, 32 to 78 years) in whom @entity1085 was eventually diagnosed. All of them underwent cross-sectional imaging with CT, a pathologic examination and a retrospective review. CT imaging evaluation was done in each case, including the findings of a mass versus nodule, wall thickening (uniform or irregular) and the enhancement patterns (homogeneous or heterogeneous). RESULTS: All the cases of @entity1085 revealed the following three different CT findings: micronodular lesion of the gallbladder wall (n = 1), a thickened wall (n = 4) and a gallbladder mass (n = 2). There were three cases of homogeneous enhancement of the lesions, including homogeneous enhancement with nodular lesion, homogeneous uniform thickness enhancement and homogeneous thickness enhancement in one case each, and these cases pathology showed @entity378 with a little caseating @entity39 in one case and @entity378 with rich fibrous tissue, but little or no evident caseating @entity39 in two cases. Four cases of heterogeneous enhancement of the lesions, including heterogeneous uniform-thickness enhancement in two cases, heterogeneous enhancement with a local @entity66 in one case and heterogeneous enhancement with a mass that replaced the gallbladder in one case; in these cases, pathology showed @entity378 with marked caseation or liquefaction @entity39 in three cases and @entity378 by fibrous and @entity730 accompanied by caseating @entity39 in one case. Among the seven cases of @entity1085 , six cases were accompanied by @entity1085 , including abdominal lymph node @entity378 in five cases and hepatic @entity378 in four cases. CONCLUSION: Gallbladder @entity378 has various CT manifestations, and the enhanced CT findings are well matched with pathological features. An irregularly thickened gallbladder wall or a gallbladder wall mass with multiple-focus @entity39 or @entity730 accompanied by the typical CT findings of @entity1085 should suggest the diagnosis of @entity1085 .

title: XXXX : CT findings with histopathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal extra-gallbladder TB', 'gallbladder TB', 'gallbladder tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous granuloma', 'TB']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['Gallbladder tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) prophylaxis according to national consensus guidelines while minimizing associated medication costs. METHODS: @entity1 admitted to our institution who were receiving @entity1211 prophylaxis with the low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin were identified and evaluated for potential conversion to low-dose unfractionated heparin (LDUH). @entity1 admitted for general medical conditions were targeted for a potential conversion. Factors that excluded @entity1 from conversion were any surgical intervention or evidence of @entity548 . For all eligible @entity1 , the treating physician was contacted through written recommendations in an effort to achieve conversion to an LDUH regimen. RESULTS: Throughout a 10-month period, 463 @entity1 were identified as receiving enoxaparin for @entity1211 prophylaxis. Of these, 112 (24%) were candidates for an LDUH regimen. A total of 88 pharmacy recommendations were provided, of which 59 (67%) were accepted. This conversion program resulted in the avoidance of 250 days of enoxaparin prophylaxis and 8495 US dollars of associated medication costs. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pharmacy programs directed at converting @entity1 from a more costly LMWH regimen for @entity1211 prophylaxis to an LDUH regimen can significantly reduce medication costs while adhering to consensus guidelines.

title: XXXX prophylaxis conversion in nonsurgical inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous thromboembolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficiency of @entity2701 -free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure in the treatment of female stress @entity322 (SUI). METHODS: Thirty-four cases with proven SUI and accompanied cystocele were undergone the TVT procedure and cystocele repair simultaneously. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were operated under local anesthesia. Mean operation time was 26.9 minutes. Mean @entity190 was 29.8 ml. Thirty @entity1 (88%) were able to micturate spontaneously 12 hours after operation and their volumes of residual urine were all less than 100 ml. They were discharged on the next day. In the remaining 4 cases (12%) an in-dwelling catheter had to be used for 3 - 11 days. The overall hospital stay averaged was 2.9 days. @entity1 were followed up for 1 - 21 months (average 8.3 months). According to @entity1 self-assessment, 94% of them feel cured, 6% improved. @entity260 was rarely seen. CONCLUSION: TVT procedure is a mini-invasive, effective and safe surgery in the treatment of female SUI.

title: [Treatment of female stress XXXX with @entity2701 -free vaginal tape procedure: a report of 34 cases].

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficiency of @entity2701 -free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure in the treatment of female stress @entity322 (SUI). METHODS: Thirty-four cases with proven SUI and accompanied cystocele were undergone the TVT procedure and cystocele repair simultaneously. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were operated under local anesthesia. Mean operation time was 26.9 minutes. Mean @entity190 was 29.8 ml. Thirty @entity1 (88%) were able to micturate spontaneously 12 hours after operation and their volumes of residual urine were all less than 100 ml. They were discharged on the next day. In the remaining 4 cases (12%) an in-dwelling catheter had to be used for 3 - 11 days. The overall hospital stay averaged was 2.9 days. @entity1 were followed up for 1 - 21 months (average 8.3 months). According to @entity1 self-assessment, 94% of them feel cured, 6% improved. @entity260 was rarely seen. CONCLUSION: TVT procedure is a mini-invasive, effective and safe surgery in the treatment of female SUI.

title: [Treatment of female stress @entity322 with XXXX -free vaginal tape procedure: a report of 34 cases].

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study reviewed the outcomes for @entity1 who underwent simultaneous bladder and ureter reconstructive surgery using the ileum after radical treatment for @entity5 . METHODS: The medical records of seven @entity1 who underwent augmentation ileocystoplasty with ileal ureter replacement between September 2006 and May 2013 were reviewed. Data on indications for surgery, underlying urologic comorbidities, type of ureteral replacement, @entity260 , and changes in renal function were obtained. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 56  years. The @entity5 was @entity5 in all the @entity1 , and the majority of the @entity1 (4/7, 57.1  %) were previously treated with radical hysterectomy plus radiotherapy. Ileal ureter replacement was performed on 11 renal units, and bilateral ileal ureter substitution was performed for four @entity1 , with the largest ureteral defect being 15  cm. The median length of the ileum used for augmentation and ureter substitution was 30  cm (range 15-40  cm), and the median hospital stay was 23  days (range 18-47  days). The overall rate of major complications (grade >= 3) was 57.1  % (4 of 7 @entity1 ). The median preoperative and immediate postoperative serum @entity1011 levels were respectively 1.2  mg/dL and 0.9  mg/dL. During a mean follow-up duration of 38  months, none of the @entity1 experienced deterioration of renal function after surgery. CONCLUSION: Ileal ureter substitution combined with augmentation ileocystoplasty is a useful surgical technique for bridging long ureteral defects caused by @entity1901 from surgery, radiotherapy, or both for @entity530 in contracted low-compliance bladders.

title: Ileal Augmentation Cystoplasty Combined with Ileal Ureter Replacement After Radical Treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: Early surgical intervention is required for sudden onset, severe @entity339 ( @entity339 ) due to @entity397 in @entity1 with normal development younger than 1 year. The condition has been recognized as idiopathic. However, the surgical options in @entity1 are limited because of their size and somatic growth. We sought to examine the efficacy of mitral valve plasty by artificial chordal reconstruction for these @entity1 in mid-to-long term. From August 2005 through June 2012, 8 consecutive @entity1 aged 1-7 months underwent mitral valve plasty by chordal reconstruction using expanded @entity736 sutures for @entity339 , owing to leaflet prolapse. The geometric parameters of the diameter of the mitral annulus (D1), the long axis of the left ventricular (LV) chamber (D2), and the length of the papillary muscle including the reconstructed chordae (D3) were measured, as well as @entity339 grade (0-4) and LV end-diastolic dimension, at each time point. The parameters were compared with those in the control group that included @entity573 @entity1 without @entity299 and healthy @entity1 (n = 51). Mean follow-up period was 5.8 (2.8-9.6) years. Freedom from reoperation was 100%. @entity339 grades were 3.9    0.4 preoperatively, 2.4    0.9 at discharge, and 1.4    0.6 at the latest. Postoperative @entity339 was improved within 1 year in 5 of 6 @entity1 who had grade 2 or higher regurgitation. LV end-diastolic dimensions were 109% (% of normal), 113%, and 107% at discharge, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Geometric configuration indicated by the @entity28020 ratio did not significantly change with time. The length of the papillary muscle including reconstructed chordae (D3) strongly correlated with body surface area (r(2) = 0.65), which seemed to be equivalent to that in the control group. In conclusion, postoperative mitral valve function and geometry was preserved. This procedure with a low morbidity should be an option for pediatric @entity1 with acute severe @entity339 .

title: Efficacy of Artificial Chordal Reconstruction for Idiopathic Severe @entity339 Due To XXXX in Infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['chordal rupture']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesions']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Chordal Rupture']


abstract: Early surgical intervention is required for sudden onset, severe @entity339 ( @entity339 ) due to @entity397 in @entity1 with normal development younger than 1 year. The condition has been recognized as idiopathic. However, the surgical options in @entity1 are limited because of their size and somatic growth. We sought to examine the efficacy of mitral valve plasty by artificial chordal reconstruction for these @entity1 in mid-to-long term. From August 2005 through June 2012, 8 consecutive @entity1 aged 1-7 months underwent mitral valve plasty by chordal reconstruction using expanded @entity736 sutures for @entity339 , owing to leaflet prolapse. The geometric parameters of the diameter of the mitral annulus (D1), the long axis of the left ventricular (LV) chamber (D2), and the length of the papillary muscle including the reconstructed chordae (D3) were measured, as well as @entity339 grade (0-4) and LV end-diastolic dimension, at each time point. The parameters were compared with those in the control group that included @entity573 @entity1 without @entity299 and healthy @entity1 (n = 51). Mean follow-up period was 5.8 (2.8-9.6) years. Freedom from reoperation was 100%. @entity339 grades were 3.9    0.4 preoperatively, 2.4    0.9 at discharge, and 1.4    0.6 at the latest. Postoperative @entity339 was improved within 1 year in 5 of 6 @entity1 who had grade 2 or higher regurgitation. LV end-diastolic dimensions were 109% (% of normal), 113%, and 107% at discharge, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Geometric configuration indicated by the @entity28020 ratio did not significantly change with time. The length of the papillary muscle including reconstructed chordae (D3) strongly correlated with body surface area (r(2) = 0.65), which seemed to be equivalent to that in the control group. In conclusion, postoperative mitral valve function and geometry was preserved. This procedure with a low morbidity should be an option for pediatric @entity1 with acute severe @entity339 .

title: Efficacy of Artificial Chordal Reconstruction for Idiopathic Severe XXXX Due To @entity397 in Infancy.

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Mitral Regurgitation']