abstract: Two groups of @entity35 were implanted with ALZET minipumps to deliver vehicle or a theoretical amount of 1 mg/kg per h of @entity2254 (A) for 12 days. After 3 days of A-exposure, motor movements and stereotypic behavior were markedly increased. Subsequent testing during A-exposure showed that motor movements and stereotypic behavior remained significantly increased but declined. After removal of the pumps, these effects disappeared and no differences at rest, during stress or A challenge, were apparent in either group. Animals sacrificed after 3 days of drug exposure, showed a drastic decrease in cardiac, but not adrenal, @entity2922 levels. In the brain, @entity1063 (NE) levels were markedly decreased in the frontal cortex, @entity2339 , caudate, pons-medulla and cerebellum. @entity1425 (E) levels were unaffected and @entity935 (DA) levels were decreased in most areas without reaching statistical significance. Plasma @entity2819 levels were similar in both groups. Animals in both groups sacrificed about 25 days after pump removal were biochemically similar. Under our conditions, A-exposure produced marked behavioral and biochemical changes but there was no evidence of @entity854 after cessation of drug treatment.

title: Biochemical and behavioral changes in @entity35 during and after chronic XXXX exposure.

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['residual abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2254 :: (MESH:D003913,Chemical) :: ['d-amphetamine']


abstract: Two groups of @entity35 were implanted with ALZET minipumps to deliver vehicle or a theoretical amount of 1 mg/kg per h of @entity2254 (A) for 12 days. After 3 days of A-exposure, motor movements and stereotypic behavior were markedly increased. Subsequent testing during A-exposure showed that motor movements and stereotypic behavior remained significantly increased but declined. After removal of the pumps, these effects disappeared and no differences at rest, during stress or A challenge, were apparent in either group. Animals sacrificed after 3 days of drug exposure, showed a drastic decrease in cardiac, but not adrenal, @entity2922 levels. In the brain, @entity1063 (NE) levels were markedly decreased in the frontal cortex, @entity2339 , caudate, pons-medulla and cerebellum. @entity1425 (E) levels were unaffected and @entity935 (DA) levels were decreased in most areas without reaching statistical significance. Plasma @entity2819 levels were similar in both groups. Animals in both groups sacrificed about 25 days after pump removal were biochemically similar. Under our conditions, A-exposure produced marked behavioral and biochemical changes but there was no evidence of @entity854 after cessation of drug treatment.

title: Biochemical and behavioral changes in XXXX during and after chronic @entity2254 exposure.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity1121 , clinical symptoms such as exertional @entity1353 , @entity951 and @entity891 are considered to be rather the consequence of diastolic than of @entity299 of the left ventricle. Beta-blocker therapy is aimed at reducing systolic overcontraction while @entity460 blockers predominantly therapy is aimed at reducing systolic overcontraction while @entity460 blockers predominantly improve diastolic filling characteristics. Therefore 61 consecutive @entity1 with well defined @entity1121 were treated with @entity460 channel blockers: 60 @entity1 with @entity1855 at average dose 530 mg (320 to 720 mg/d) and one @entity1 received 30 mg @entity594 . All @entity1 had clinical, noninvasive and cardiac catheterization evaluation at the time of entry into the study. Therapy was continued for an average of 54 months (10 to 96). Follow-up studies were performed at 6-month intervals. Subjective improvement was achieved in 47 of 55 symptomatic @entity1 (85%). Heart size, judged as heart volume from tele-chest X-ray in supine position, showed a reduction in 36/61, no change in 15/61 and increase in 10/61. On average in all 61 @entity1 , a significant reduction from 947 to 833 ml/1.73 m2 was seen. Twenty-six @entity1 who had been followed for an average of 24 months prior to @entity1855 therapy on beta blockers or no treatment had heart volume increases averaging 12% in the pre- @entity1855 period. Electrocardiography (ECG) showed a significant reduction in QRS amplitude and a tendency towards normalization of ST/T segments. Serial echocardiography study showed small but significant reduction in left atrial diameter. Repeat catheterization was performed in 19 @entity1 and a significant reduction in intraventricular pressure gradient, left ventricular muscle mass and coronary artery diameter was demonstrated. Three @entity1 died during the study (256 @entity1 -treatment-years) for an annual mortality rate of 1.3%. This mortality is considerably lower than reported for @entity1 receiving no treatment, beta-blockade, or surgery. Of all 61 @entity1 only one had surgery related to the @entity1121 . One @entity1 had the dose of @entity1855 reduced because of the occurrence of @entity616 . No @entity1 discontinued the drug because of side-effects. Utilizing serial noninvasive and invasive studies, we conclude that @entity1855 therapy in @entity1121 results in objective and subjective improvement, a low death rate and little need for operation as compared to standard therapy.

title: Treatment of XXXX : relation to pathological mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['collapse']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to review the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of cases of @entity1347 in non-Asian @entity10479 @entity1 with clinical concern for @entity201 and compare these features with cases of @entity255 ( @entity255 ) in Asian @entity1 . A total of 10 non-Asian @entity10479 @entity1 with @entity1347 were included in this study. Nine of them underwent partial hepatic resection due to cholangiographic findings of segmental cholangiectasia with mural thickening and/or proximal biliary stricture. One was found to have markedly dilated and thickened intrahepatic bile ducts at the time of autopsy. Clinical and radiographic findings were reviewed. @entity2362 stains and immunostains for immunoglobulin G4, cluster of differentiation ( @entity4896 ), and @entity9184 were performed. Six comparison cases of @entity255 in Asian @entity10479 @entity1 were also examined. Histologic examination of resection specimens revealed markedly dilated large intrahepatic bile ducts with variable degrees of mural @entity82 , @entity1373 , @entity32 , and liver parenchymal atrophy. These changes were not associated with a ductular reaction. There was no evidence of @entity253 or @entity2835 in any cases. No gross or microscopic feature definitively separated the Asian from non-Asian @entity1 . The etiology of this disorder in non-Asian @entity10479 @entity1 is unclear. It does not appear to represent a localized variant of @entity13550 or @entity991 . The high degree of similarity shared by these cases and classic @entity255 suggests a common pathogenic mechanism, although the pathologic features tend to be less well developed in the cases from the non-Asian @entity10479 @entity1 .

title: Segmental cholangiectasia clinically worrisome for XXXX : comparison with @entity255 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['benign segmental cholangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['periductal gland hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity13550 :: ('MESH:D016767', 'Disease') :: ['Caroli disease']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent pyogenic cholangitis', 'RPC']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to review the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of cases of @entity1347 in non-Asian @entity10479 @entity1 with clinical concern for @entity201 and compare these features with cases of @entity255 ( @entity255 ) in Asian @entity1 . A total of 10 non-Asian @entity10479 @entity1 with @entity1347 were included in this study. Nine of them underwent partial hepatic resection due to cholangiographic findings of segmental cholangiectasia with mural thickening and/or proximal biliary stricture. One was found to have markedly dilated and thickened intrahepatic bile ducts at the time of autopsy. Clinical and radiographic findings were reviewed. @entity2362 stains and immunostains for immunoglobulin G4, cluster of differentiation ( @entity4896 ), and @entity9184 were performed. Six comparison cases of @entity255 in Asian @entity10479 @entity1 were also examined. Histologic examination of resection specimens revealed markedly dilated large intrahepatic bile ducts with variable degrees of mural @entity82 , @entity1373 , @entity32 , and liver parenchymal atrophy. These changes were not associated with a ductular reaction. There was no evidence of @entity253 or @entity2835 in any cases. No gross or microscopic feature definitively separated the Asian from non-Asian @entity1 . The etiology of this disorder in non-Asian @entity10479 @entity1 is unclear. It does not appear to represent a localized variant of @entity13550 or @entity991 . The high degree of similarity shared by these cases and classic @entity255 suggests a common pathogenic mechanism, although the pathologic features tend to be less well developed in the cases from the non-Asian @entity10479 @entity1 .

title: Segmental cholangiectasia clinically worrisome for @entity201 : comparison with XXXX .

answer: @entity255 :: (MESH:D002761,Disease) :: ['recurrent pyogenic cholangitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: A rare 5% of cutaneous @entity957 (cSCC) metastasize, lack FDA-approved therapies, and carry a poor prognosis. Our aim was to identify recurrent genomic alterations in this little-studied population of metastatic cSCCs. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We performed targeted sequencing of 504 @entity5 -associated genes on lymph node @entity3 in 29 @entity1 with cSCC and identified mutations and somatic copy-number alterations associated with metastatic cSCC. We determined significantly mutated, deleted, and amplified genes and associated genomic alterations with clinical variables. RESULTS: The cSCC genome is heterogeneous with widely varying numbers of genomic alterations and does not appear to be associated with @entity1082 . We found previously identified recurrently altered genes ( @entity876 , @entity986 , @entity68343 ) but also a wide spectrum of oncogenic mutations affecting RAS/RTK/ @entity10160 , squamous differentiation, cell cycle, and chromatin remodeling pathway genes. Specific mutations in known oncogenic drivers and pathways were correlated with inferior @entity1 outcomes. Our results suggest potential therapeutic targets in metastatic cSCC, including @entity10160 , @entity2557 , @entity817 , and @entity470 , similar to those reported in SCCs of the lung and head and neck, suggesting that clinical trials could be developed to accrue @entity1 with SCCs from multiple sites of origin. CONCLUSIONS: We have genomically characterized a rare cohort of 29 metastatic cSCCs and identified a diverse array of oncogenic alterations that can guide future studies of this disease. Clin Cancer Res; 21(6); 1447-56.   2015 AACR.

title: Genomic analysis of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity11518 mutations are frequent driver mutations in multiple @entity5 . @entity11518 mutations also induce anti- @entity12841 antibody resistance in @entity420 such as @entity694 . The aim of this study was to overcome anti- @entity12841 antibody resistance by coupling the antibody to @entity11518 -specific siRNA. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The anti- @entity12841 antibody was chemically coupled to siRNA. The resulting complex was tested for antibody binding efficiency, serum stability and ability to deliver siRNA to @entity12841 -expressing cells. Western blotting, viability, apoptosis, and colony formation assays were performed for efficacy evaluation in vitro. Furthermore, therapeutic activity of the antibody- @entity11518 -siRNA complexes was examined in in vivo xenograft @entity19 @entity5 models. RESULTS: Antibody-siRNA complexes were targeted and internalized via the @entity12841 receptor. Upon internalization, target gene expression was strongly and specifically repressed, followed by a reduced proliferation and viability, and induced apoptosis of the cells in vitro. Clonogenic growth of mutant @entity11518 -bearing cells was suppressed by @entity11518 -siRNA-anti- @entity12841 antibody complexes. In xenograft mouse models, anti- @entity12841 antibody- @entity11518 -siRNA complexes significantly slowed @entity5 growth in anti- @entity12841 -resistant cells. CONCLUSIONS: The coupling of siRNA against @entity11518 to anti- @entity12841 antibodies provides a novel therapy approach for @entity11518 -mutated @entity12841 -positive @entity5 cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide an innovative approach for @entity5 -specific siRNA application and for enhanced therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibody therapy and personalized treatment of @entity5 entities. Clin Cancer Res; 21(6); 1383-94.   2015 AACR.

title: Antibody-Mediated Delivery of Anti- @entity11518 -siRNA In Vivo Overcomes Therapy Resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity11518 mutations are frequent driver mutations in multiple @entity5 . @entity11518 mutations also induce anti- @entity12841 antibody resistance in @entity420 such as @entity694 . The aim of this study was to overcome anti- @entity12841 antibody resistance by coupling the antibody to @entity11518 -specific siRNA. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The anti- @entity12841 antibody was chemically coupled to siRNA. The resulting complex was tested for antibody binding efficiency, serum stability and ability to deliver siRNA to @entity12841 -expressing cells. Western blotting, viability, apoptosis, and colony formation assays were performed for efficacy evaluation in vitro. Furthermore, therapeutic activity of the antibody- @entity11518 -siRNA complexes was examined in in vivo xenograft @entity19 @entity5 models. RESULTS: Antibody-siRNA complexes were targeted and internalized via the @entity12841 receptor. Upon internalization, target gene expression was strongly and specifically repressed, followed by a reduced proliferation and viability, and induced apoptosis of the cells in vitro. Clonogenic growth of mutant @entity11518 -bearing cells was suppressed by @entity11518 -siRNA-anti- @entity12841 antibody complexes. In xenograft mouse models, anti- @entity12841 antibody- @entity11518 -siRNA complexes significantly slowed @entity5 growth in anti- @entity12841 -resistant cells. CONCLUSIONS: The coupling of siRNA against @entity11518 to anti- @entity12841 antibodies provides a novel therapy approach for @entity11518 -mutated @entity12841 -positive @entity5 cells in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide an innovative approach for @entity5 -specific siRNA application and for enhanced therapeutic potential of monoclonal antibody therapy and personalized treatment of @entity5 entities. Clin Cancer Res; 21(6); 1383-94.   2015 AACR.

title: Antibody-Mediated Delivery of Anti- XXXX -siRNA In Vivo Overcomes Therapy Resistance in @entity694 .

answer: @entity11518 :: (16653(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Over recent years, researchers have found evidence which indicates that the prevalence of postpartum @entity308 crosses cultural boundaries and is reported to be at least as high in non-Western countries as in Western countries. However, qualitative studies about new mothers' experiences from non-Western countries, such as Bangladesh, are rare, particularly in rural areas. This study aims to describe the experiences and concerns of rural Bangladeshi mothers with postpartum @entity308 . Open narrative interviews were conducted with 21 mothers with @entity308 2-3 months postpartum, consecutively selected from a longitudinal study about prevalence and risk factors of perinatal @entity308 . Inductive content analysis was used to analyse data and three themes emerged: family dynamics, living at the limits of survival, and role of the cultural context after childbirth. These themes were based on six categories and 15 subcategories. The findings show that troublesome family relationships, including intimate partner violence and violence in the family, influenced the mothers' mental well-being. They and their families lived at the limit of survival and the mothers expressed fear and worries about their insecure situation regarding economic difficulties and health problems. They felt sorry for being unable to give their @entity1 a good start in life and sad because they could not always follow the traditional norms related to childbirth. Thus, it is important to focus on the @entity308 among new mothers and offer counselling to those showing @entity308 , as the cultural traditions do not always alleviate these symptoms in the changing Bangladeshi society today.

title: "I can't stop worrying about everything"-Experiences of rural Bangladeshi XXXX during the first postpartum months.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) cases recur within a year and almost all cases recur at some point. Standard treatment for recurrent @entity463 has not yet been established. We investigated the outcome of various salvage treatments for recurrent @entity463 . Retrospective analysis was undertaken in 144 @entity1 who received salvage treatment at the time of first progression after maximum debulking surgery followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy and adjuvant @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 18.2 months. We grouped these @entity1 into five groups according to the salvage modalities: Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKS) group (n=29), @entity2904 group (n=31), GKS+ @entity2904 group (n=28), reoperation group (n=38) and "other treatment" group (n=18). The median time to first progression from initial diagnosis was 8.8 months. The median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of the five different treatment groups; GKS, @entity2904 , GKS+ @entity2904 , reoperation, and "other treatment", was 9.2, 5.6, 15.5, 13.2, and 8.0 months, respectively. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.6, 2.3, 6.0, 4.3, and 2.6 months, respectively. Pairwise comparison of @entity1349 of the GKS+ @entity2904 group with the other groups showed that the @entity1349 of the GKS+ @entity2904 group was significantly better than all others except the reoperation group. Statistically significant prolongation of PFS was observed in the GKS+ @entity2904 group compared with the @entity2904 group and the "other treatment" group. GKS followed by @entity2904 salvage treatment was a good prognostic factor for both PFS and @entity1349 in multivariate analysis. Retrospectively, GKS+ @entity2904 as a salvage treatment, tended to provide a superior survival benefit at the time of recurrence.

title: Outcome of salvage treatment for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Most glioblastoma', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare, in a retrospective study, biochemical failure-free survival (bFFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in low-risk and intermediate-risk @entity263 @entity1 who received brachytherapy (BT) (either low-dose-rate brachytherapy [LDR-BT] or high-dose-rate brachytherapy with external beam radiation therapy [HDR-BT+EBRT]) versus external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 data were obtained from the ProCaRS database, which contains 7974 @entity263 @entity1 treated with primary radiation therapy at four Canadian @entity5 institutions from 1994 to 2010. Propensity score matching was used to obtain the following 3 matched cohorts with balanced baseline prognostic factors: (1) low-risk LDR-BT versus EBRT; (2) intermediate-risk LDR-BT versus EBRT; and (3) intermediate-risk HDR-BT+EBRT versus EBRT. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare differences in bFFS (primary endpoint) and @entity1349 in the 3 matched groups. RESULTS: Propensity score matching created acceptable balance in the baseline prognostic factors in all matches. Final matches included 2 1:1 matches in the intermediate-risk cohorts, LDR-BT versus EBRT (total n=254) and HDR-BT+EBRT versus EBRT (total n=388), and one 4:1 match in the low-risk cohort (LDR-BT:EBRT, total n=400). Median follow-up ranged from 2.7 to 7.3 years for the 3 matched cohorts. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that all BT treatment options were associated with statistically significant improvements in bFFS when compared with EBRT in all cohorts (intermediate-risk EBRT vs LDR-BT hazard ratio [HR] 4.58, P=.001; intermediate-risk EBRT vs HDR-BT+EBRT HR 2.08, P=.007; low-risk EBRT vs LDR-BT HR 2.90, P=.004). No significant difference in @entity1349 was found in all comparisons (intermediate-risk EBRT vs LDR-BT HR 1.27, P=.687; intermediate-risk EBRT vs HDR-BT+EBRT HR 1.55, P=.470; low-risk LDR-BT vs EBRT HR 1.41, P=.500). CONCLUSIONS: Propensity score matched analysis showed that BT options led to statistically significant improvements in bFFS in low- and intermediate-risk @entity263 @entity1 populations.

title: Brachytherapy Improves Biochemical Failure-Free Survival in Low- and Intermediate-Risk XXXX Compared With Conventionally Fractionated External Beam Radiation Therapy: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to describe the microbiological characteristics of @entity5414 (SA) and @entity4034 ( @entity4034 ) in @entity1 . Cases of @entity1 (0-15 years) with SA/ @entity4034 were identified through a retrospective search of hospital discharge codes over a six-year period. In addition, a systematic literature search and meta-analysis of studies reporting culture results of @entity1 with SA/ @entity4034 was performed. In our retrospective chart review, we identified 68 cases of @entity4034 and 46 cases of SA. The most frequently cultured organisms in both conditions were Gram positive cocci, primarily @entity794 . On admission, most @entity1 had a normal WCC but elevated CRP and/or ESR. @entity582 was associated with a longer average length of hospitalisation for both @entity281 . Considering our results and the meta-analysis, we found low rates of culture-positivity in cases of clinically confirmed @entity281 . In SA, articular fluid was culture-positive in 42.49% (95% CI 28.39-57.23). In @entity4034 , intra-operative samples were culture-positive in 52.65% (95% CI 30.54-74.22,). @entity582 was detected in 23.91% (95% CI 8.40-44.24) of @entity1 with SA and 21.48% (95% CI 10.89-34.47) with @entity4034 . Despite appropriate sampling, a positive microbiological diagnosis is often lacking in paediatric @entity697 using standard culture-based methods. This highlights the need for validation and use of more sensitive diagnostic methods, such as PCR.

title: Microbiological characteristics of XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute osteoarticular infection']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['acute septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis', 'OM']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteraemia']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute osteoarticular infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to describe the microbiological characteristics of @entity5414 (SA) and @entity4034 ( @entity4034 ) in @entity1 . Cases of @entity1 (0-15 years) with SA/ @entity4034 were identified through a retrospective search of hospital discharge codes over a six-year period. In addition, a systematic literature search and meta-analysis of studies reporting culture results of @entity1 with SA/ @entity4034 was performed. In our retrospective chart review, we identified 68 cases of @entity4034 and 46 cases of SA. The most frequently cultured organisms in both conditions were Gram positive cocci, primarily @entity794 . On admission, most @entity1 had a normal WCC but elevated CRP and/or ESR. @entity582 was associated with a longer average length of hospitalisation for both @entity281 . Considering our results and the meta-analysis, we found low rates of culture-positivity in cases of clinically confirmed @entity281 . In SA, articular fluid was culture-positive in 42.49% (95% CI 28.39-57.23). In @entity4034 , intra-operative samples were culture-positive in 52.65% (95% CI 30.54-74.22,). @entity582 was detected in 23.91% (95% CI 8.40-44.24) of @entity1 with SA and 21.48% (95% CI 10.89-34.47) with @entity4034 . Despite appropriate sampling, a positive microbiological diagnosis is often lacking in paediatric @entity697 using standard culture-based methods. This highlights the need for validation and use of more sensitive diagnostic methods, such as PCR.

title: Microbiological characteristics of @entity697 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study was conducted to evaluate the technical feasibility, safety and adequacy of surgical margins with salvage transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for recurrent or residual head and @entity213 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 who underwent salvage TORS using the 'DaVinci' robot were enrolled in the study and data related to their surgical time, complications and functional outcome were recorded. RESULTS: The feasibility of salvage TORS in our study was observed to be 100%. Positive margins were encountered in only 6.7% of @entity1 . Mean @entity190 was 23.3 ml with no @entity1 requiring blood transfusion. @entity260 in the form of primary @entity548 requiring active surgical intervention occurred in 13.3%. Oral feeding could be started as early as the 3rd postoperative day in a few @entity1 , with nasogastric tubes being removed on the 12th postoperative day. Long term gastrostomy tube dependency was seen in 10% cases. Median survival of @entity1 was 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: Salvage TORS is a safe, effective and feasible option in the management of treatment failure cases. It offers an alternative surgical approach with unexpected benefits in terms of tracheostomy tube use, Ryle's tube and @entity734 .

title: Salvage Transoral Robotic Surgery for Recurrent or Residual Head and XXXX : A Single Institution Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy dependence']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) is a clonal Ph-chromosome negative @entity5 characterized by dysregulated kinase signaling and release of abnormal cytokines. In the recent past, following @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation invention, important revolution has been made in the molecular diagnostic biology of this disease. The rational of this study was to determine the mutational status of @entity4016 @entity4017 in Pakistan @entity1 with @entity4018 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross sectional study, 20 @entity1 with @entity4018 were enrolled from January 2011 to December 2014. Diagnosis was based on WHO criteria for @entity4018 . All @entity1 were screened for G-T point mutation ( @entity4017 ) in the @entity4016 gene on chromosome 9 by allele specific PCR. RESULTS: The mean age was 57.9    16.5years. The male to female ratio was 3:1. The frequency of @entity4016 @entity4017 positivity in our @entity4018 @entity1 was found to be 55%. Positive correlations of @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation were established with high TLC count, raised LDH and marked @entity381 (P<0.05). No correlation of @entity4016 @entity4017 could be established with age and gender (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation frequency in our @entity4018 @entity1 was similar to those reported previously. In our hands @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated @entity1 expressed an @entity146 phenotype. Screening for the mutation in all suspected @entity4018 cases could be beneficial in differentiating @entity1 with reactive and clonal marrow @entity82 .

title: JAK-2 XXXX Mutational Analysis in Primary Idiopathic @entity4018 : Experience from Southern Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['Primary idiopathic myelofibrosis', 'PMF']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

answer: @entity4017 :: (p|SUB|V|617|F,ProteinMutation) :: ['V617F']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) is a clonal Ph-chromosome negative @entity5 characterized by dysregulated kinase signaling and release of abnormal cytokines. In the recent past, following @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation invention, important revolution has been made in the molecular diagnostic biology of this disease. The rational of this study was to determine the mutational status of @entity4016 @entity4017 in Pakistan @entity1 with @entity4018 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross sectional study, 20 @entity1 with @entity4018 were enrolled from January 2011 to December 2014. Diagnosis was based on WHO criteria for @entity4018 . All @entity1 were screened for G-T point mutation ( @entity4017 ) in the @entity4016 gene on chromosome 9 by allele specific PCR. RESULTS: The mean age was 57.9    16.5years. The male to female ratio was 3:1. The frequency of @entity4016 @entity4017 positivity in our @entity4018 @entity1 was found to be 55%. Positive correlations of @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation were established with high TLC count, raised LDH and marked @entity381 (P<0.05). No correlation of @entity4016 @entity4017 could be established with age and gender (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation frequency in our @entity4018 @entity1 was similar to those reported previously. In our hands @entity4016 @entity4017 mutated @entity1 expressed an @entity146 phenotype. Screening for the mutation in all suspected @entity4018 cases could be beneficial in differentiating @entity1 with reactive and clonal marrow @entity82 .

title: JAK-2 @entity4017 Mutational Analysis in Primary Idiopathic XXXX : Experience from Southern Pakistan.

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['Myelofibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity14 is one of the leading causes of @entity204 in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth-suppression potentiality of a crude @entity3857 extract (CSENS) prepared from medicinal herb, Nigella sativa, on @entity1 @entity694 cells, HCT116. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HCT116 cells were subjected to increasing doses of CSENS for 24, 48 and 72 h, and then harvested and assayed for cell viability by WST-1. Flow cytometry analyses, cell @entity204 detection ELISA, fluorescent stains ( @entity5956 and @entity9186 / @entity5611 ), DNA laddering and comet assays were carried out to confirm the apoptogenic effects of CSENS. Luciferase reporter gene assays, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were performed to assess the impact of CAERS and CFEZO on the expression levels of key regulatory proteins in HCT116 cells. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that CSENS inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. Apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry analyses, while CSENS-treated cells exhibited morphological hallmarks of apoptosis including cell shrinkage, irregularity in cellular shape, cellular detachment and chromatin condensation. Biochemical signs of apoptosis, such as DNA degradation, were observed by comet assay and gel electrophoresis. The pro-apoptotic effect of CSENS was @entity522 -independent and associated with increase of the @entity589 / @entity588 ratio. CSENS treatment down-regulated transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of NF-kB and AP-1 proteins, associated with down-regulation of their target oncogenes, @entity517 , @entity4910 and survivin. On the other hand, CSENS up-regulated transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of @entity13791 and expression of cytoprotective genes. In addition, CSENS modulated the expression levels of @entity1366 MAPK, @entity876 and @entity3544 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CSENS may be a valuable agent for treatment of @entity694 .

title: Mechanism of Action of Nigella sativa on @entity1 XXXX Cells: the Suppression of AP-1 and NF-kB Transcription Factors and the Induction of Cytoprotective Genes.

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine orange']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity14 is one of the leading causes of @entity204 in the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth-suppression potentiality of a crude @entity3857 extract (CSENS) prepared from medicinal herb, Nigella sativa, on @entity1 @entity694 cells, HCT116. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HCT116 cells were subjected to increasing doses of CSENS for 24, 48 and 72 h, and then harvested and assayed for cell viability by WST-1. Flow cytometry analyses, cell @entity204 detection ELISA, fluorescent stains ( @entity5956 and @entity9186 / @entity5611 ), DNA laddering and comet assays were carried out to confirm the apoptogenic effects of CSENS. Luciferase reporter gene assays, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses were performed to assess the impact of CAERS and CFEZO on the expression levels of key regulatory proteins in HCT116 cells. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that CSENS inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis. Apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry analyses, while CSENS-treated cells exhibited morphological hallmarks of apoptosis including cell shrinkage, irregularity in cellular shape, cellular detachment and chromatin condensation. Biochemical signs of apoptosis, such as DNA degradation, were observed by comet assay and gel electrophoresis. The pro-apoptotic effect of CSENS was @entity522 -independent and associated with increase of the @entity589 / @entity588 ratio. CSENS treatment down-regulated transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of NF-kB and AP-1 proteins, associated with down-regulation of their target oncogenes, @entity517 , @entity4910 and survivin. On the other hand, CSENS up-regulated transcriptional and DNA-binding activities of @entity13791 and expression of cytoprotective genes. In addition, CSENS modulated the expression levels of @entity1366 MAPK, @entity876 and @entity3544 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CSENS may be a valuable agent for treatment of @entity694 .

title: Mechanism of Action of Nigella sativa on XXXX @entity694 Cells: the Suppression of AP-1 and NF-kB Transcription Factors and the Induction of Cytoprotective Genes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: This study examines the activity and tolerability of a regimen combining @entity782 and rituximab in @entity1 with indolent @entity1892 . A total of 28 @entity1 with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory follicular, marginal zone, or @entity1073 , with 4 or less prior therapies were eligible for this open-label phase II study. Oral @entity782 200 mg was administered twice daily on days 1-14 along with 375 mg/m(2) of intravenous rituximab on day 1 of a 21-day cycle, continuing until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . Primary end point was objective response rate, with secondary end points of progression-free survival, time to progression, duration of response, safety, and tolerability. Median follow up was 25.6 months and median number of @entity782 cycles was 11.5. Overall response rate was 46% for all @entity1 , 67% for previously untreated, and 41% for relapsed/refractory @entity1 . Median progression-free survival was 29.2 months for all @entity1 , 18.8 months for previously treated @entity1 , and not reached for untreated @entity1 . The regimen was well tolerated over long treatment periods with the most common grade 3/4 adverse events being asymptomatic @entity715 , @entity1398 , @entity882 , @entity2905 , and @entity1295 . The @entity782 /rituximab combination exhibits activity in indolent @entity1892 with an acceptable safety profile and durable responses. Re-treatment was effective in 2 of 3 relapsing responders. This phase II clinical trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov identifier: 00720876.

title: A phase II study of XXXX and rituximab for treatment of newly diagnosed and relapsed/refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity782 :: ('MESH:C111237', 'Chemical') :: ['vorinostat']

answer: @entity782 :: (MESH:C111237,Chemical) :: ['vorinostat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 with a high risk of @entity173 have coexisting @entity65 . We aimed to examine associations between exposure to antihypertensive drugs and the risk of @entity173 among older @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of the 906,422 @entity1 born before 1945 and living in Norway in 2005. We obtained information on all prescriptions of antihypertensive drugs dispensed (the Norwegian Prescription Database) in 2004-2010 and the dates of primary @entity173 (the Norwegian Hip Fracture Registry) in 2005-2010. We compared the incidence rates of @entity173 during the time @entity1 were exposed and unexposed to antihypertensive drugs by calculating the standardized incidence ratio (SIR). RESULTS: Altogether, 39,938 @entity1 experienced a primary @entity173 (4.4  %). The risk of @entity173 was decreased among @entity1 exposed to @entity7206 (SIR 0.7, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 0.6-0.7), beta-blockers (SIR 0.7, 95  % CI 0.7-0.8), @entity460 channel blockers (SIR 0.8, 95  % CI 0.8-0.8), @entity11502 receptor blockers (SIR 0.8, 95  % CI 0.7-0.8), @entity1289 inhibitor/ @entity6662 combination products (SIR 0.7, 95  % CI 0.6-0.7) and @entity11502 receptor blocker/ @entity6662 combination products (SIR 0.6, 95  % CI 0.6-0.6). Use of loop diuretics and @entity1289 inhibitors (plain products) was associated with increased @entity174 risk in @entity1 born after 1924, and with decreased risk in those born before 1925. The protective associations were stronger among exposed @entity1 than among exposed @entity1 for all drugs except loop diuretics. The SIRs decreased with increasing age among exposed @entity1 , except for @entity7206 and @entity11502 receptor blockers. CONCLUSIONS: We found a reduced risk of @entity173 associated with overall use of most antihypertensive drugs, but an increased risk with loop diuretics and @entity1289 inhibitors among @entity1 younger than 80  years and in new users of loop diuretics. This may have great impact at the population level, because the use of antihypertensive drugs is widespread in @entity1 at risk of @entity173 . Clinical studies are needed to further explore these associations.

title: Risk of XXXX among older people using antihypertensive drugs: a nationwide cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin II']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: To summarize evidence on long-term @entity283 ( @entity283 ) among survivors of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search of the literature for studies reporting original data describing @entity283 utilizing validated instruments. Search, study selection and data abstraction were performed in duplicate. Study quality was appraised. Due to study heterogeneity, data are primarily summarized qualitatively. RESULTS: Our search yielded 2193 articles of which 18 were selected for detailed analysis. The quality of these 18 studies was generally good. Numerous @entity283 instruments were utilized, and assessment occurred at variable follow-up duration (range 2 months to 14.5 years). @entity283 among @entity810 survivors was reduced when compared to age/sex-matched populations. @entity283 among survivors with and without @entity810 was generally described as similar beyond 6 months. Physical component domains were consistently more impaired than mental component domains. Survivors had considerable limitations in activities of daily living, implying newly acquired disability, with few returning to work. Despite diminished @entity283 , @entity1 ' @entity283 was generally perceived as satisfactory, and the majority would receive similar treatment again, including renal replacement therapy in the ICU, if necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Among survivors of critical @entity221 complicated by @entity810 , @entity283 was impaired when referenced to population norms, but it was not significantly different from that of survivors without @entity810 . Physical limitations and disabilities were more commonly exhibited by @entity810 @entity1 . Importantly, the impaired @entity283 was generally perceived as acceptable to @entity1 , most of whom expressed willingness to undergo similar treatment in the future.

title: Health-related quality-of-life among survivors of XXXX in the intensive care unit: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQL', 'health-related quality-of-life']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hypoallergenic @entity1 formulas are widely used for @entity1 with @entity291 's @entity6132 . The aim of this study was to assess the utility of the @entity19 basophil activation test (BAT) in the evaluation of residual antigenicity in these formulas. Whole blood samples derived from b-lactoglobulin- or casein-immunized @entity19 were incubated with one of the following formulas: conventional, partially hydrolyzed, or extensively hydrolyzed. Basophilic activation was analyzed by flow cytometry using an IgE-dependent activation marker @entity19712 and an IgG-dependent activation marker @entity44760 . @entity2021 was induced by i.v. injection of milk formula and results were compared. Conventional formula induced pronounced changes in @entity19712 and @entity44760 expression on basophils, whereas extensively hydrolyzed formulas did not elicit any changes in these markers. Similarly, challenge with conventional formula induced @entity2021 , whereas extensively hydrolyzed formulas did not induce @entity2021 . Although the partially hydrolyzed formula also induced basophilic activation and @entity2021 , the magnitude of these effects was smaller than that observed with the conventional formula. Compared to @entity19712 , the observed trend in @entity44760 expression resembled the results obtained from @entity2021 test more closely. These findings show that @entity19 BAT, in particular using @entity44760 , is highly useful for the evaluation of antigenicity of milk formulas.

title: Evaluation of the antigenicity of hydrolyzed XXXX 's milk protein formulas using the @entity19 basophil activation test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity6132 :: ('MESH:D016269', 'Disease') :: ['milk allergy']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic anaphylaxis', 'anaphylaxis', 'systemic anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hypoallergenic @entity1 formulas are widely used for @entity1 with @entity291 's @entity6132 . The aim of this study was to assess the utility of the @entity19 basophil activation test (BAT) in the evaluation of residual antigenicity in these formulas. Whole blood samples derived from b-lactoglobulin- or casein-immunized @entity19 were incubated with one of the following formulas: conventional, partially hydrolyzed, or extensively hydrolyzed. Basophilic activation was analyzed by flow cytometry using an IgE-dependent activation marker @entity19712 and an IgG-dependent activation marker @entity44760 . @entity2021 was induced by i.v. injection of milk formula and results were compared. Conventional formula induced pronounced changes in @entity19712 and @entity44760 expression on basophils, whereas extensively hydrolyzed formulas did not elicit any changes in these markers. Similarly, challenge with conventional formula induced @entity2021 , whereas extensively hydrolyzed formulas did not induce @entity2021 . Although the partially hydrolyzed formula also induced basophilic activation and @entity2021 , the magnitude of these effects was smaller than that observed with the conventional formula. Compared to @entity19712 , the observed trend in @entity44760 expression resembled the results obtained from @entity2021 test more closely. These findings show that @entity19 BAT, in particular using @entity44760 , is highly useful for the evaluation of antigenicity of milk formulas.

title: Evaluation of the antigenicity of hydrolyzed @entity291 's milk protein formulas using the XXXX basophil activation test.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: CONTEXT: Many physicians avoid @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) discussions because they worry such conversations will lead to @entity458 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether engaging in @entity1442 using online planning tools adversely affects hope, hopelessness, or @entity148 among @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5 and an estimated survival of two years or less (Intervention group) and a Control group were recruited at a tertiary care academic medical center (2007-2012) to engage in @entity1442 using an online decision aid ("Making Your Wishes Known"). Pre/post and between-group comparisons were made, including hope (Herth Hope Index), hopelessness (Beck Hopelessness Scale), and @entity148 (State Trait @entity148 Inventory). Secondary outcomes included @entity1442 knowledge, self-determination, and satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 200 individuals completed the study. After engaging in @entity1442 , there was no decline in hope or increase in hopelessness in either the Control or Intervention group. @entity148 was likewise unchanged in the Control group but decreased slightly in the Intervention group. Knowledge of @entity1442 (% correct answers) increased in both the groups, but more so in the Intervention group (13% increase vs. 4%; P<0.01). Self-determination increased slightly in both groups, and satisfaction with the @entity1442 process was greater (P<0.01) in the Intervention than Control group. CONCLUSION: Engaging in @entity1442 with online planning tools increases knowledge without diminishing hope, increasing hopelessness, or inducing @entity148 in @entity1 with @entity5 . Physicians need not avoid @entity1442 out of concern for adversely affecting @entity1 ' psychological well-being.

title: Advance Care Planning Does Not Adversely Affect Hope or XXXX Among @entity1 With @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advance care planning', 'ACP']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: CONTEXT: Many physicians avoid @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) discussions because they worry such conversations will lead to @entity458 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether engaging in @entity1442 using online planning tools adversely affects hope, hopelessness, or @entity148 among @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5 and an estimated survival of two years or less (Intervention group) and a Control group were recruited at a tertiary care academic medical center (2007-2012) to engage in @entity1442 using an online decision aid ("Making Your Wishes Known"). Pre/post and between-group comparisons were made, including hope (Herth Hope Index), hopelessness (Beck Hopelessness Scale), and @entity148 (State Trait @entity148 Inventory). Secondary outcomes included @entity1442 knowledge, self-determination, and satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 200 individuals completed the study. After engaging in @entity1442 , there was no decline in hope or increase in hopelessness in either the Control or Intervention group. @entity148 was likewise unchanged in the Control group but decreased slightly in the Intervention group. Knowledge of @entity1442 (% correct answers) increased in both the groups, but more so in the Intervention group (13% increase vs. 4%; P<0.01). Self-determination increased slightly in both groups, and satisfaction with the @entity1442 process was greater (P<0.01) in the Intervention than Control group. CONCLUSION: Engaging in @entity1442 with online planning tools increases knowledge without diminishing hope, increasing hopelessness, or inducing @entity148 in @entity1 with @entity5 . Physicians need not avoid @entity1442 out of concern for adversely affecting @entity1 ' psychological well-being.

title: Advance Care Planning Does Not Adversely Affect Hope or @entity148 Among @entity1 With XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Advanced Cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Many physicians avoid @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) discussions because they worry such conversations will lead to @entity458 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether engaging in @entity1442 using online planning tools adversely affects hope, hopelessness, or @entity148 among @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5 and an estimated survival of two years or less (Intervention group) and a Control group were recruited at a tertiary care academic medical center (2007-2012) to engage in @entity1442 using an online decision aid ("Making Your Wishes Known"). Pre/post and between-group comparisons were made, including hope (Herth Hope Index), hopelessness (Beck Hopelessness Scale), and @entity148 (State Trait @entity148 Inventory). Secondary outcomes included @entity1442 knowledge, self-determination, and satisfaction. RESULTS: A total of 200 individuals completed the study. After engaging in @entity1442 , there was no decline in hope or increase in hopelessness in either the Control or Intervention group. @entity148 was likewise unchanged in the Control group but decreased slightly in the Intervention group. Knowledge of @entity1442 (% correct answers) increased in both the groups, but more so in the Intervention group (13% increase vs. 4%; P<0.01). Self-determination increased slightly in both groups, and satisfaction with the @entity1442 process was greater (P<0.01) in the Intervention than Control group. CONCLUSION: Engaging in @entity1442 with online planning tools increases knowledge without diminishing hope, increasing hopelessness, or inducing @entity148 in @entity1 with @entity5 . Physicians need not avoid @entity1442 out of concern for adversely affecting @entity1 ' psychological well-being.

title: Advance Care Planning Does Not Adversely Affect Hope or @entity148 Among XXXX With @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A thorough understanding of the processes involved in lifestyle interventions is needed in order to close the gap between research and daily practice. This study explored the processes involved in the provision of a lifestyle intervention to @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) by health care professionals in primary care. STUDY DESIGN: Mixed methods. METHODS: Health care professionals were asked to intensify lifestyle interventions for @entity1 with @entity6 in a routine care setting. Data were collected by serial interviews with health care professionals and @entity1 , recorded consultations, an activity questionnaire and biomedical information. Qualitative data were analysed using a framework analysis with a phenomenological approach. RESULTS: The lifestyle intervention developed by the health care professionals included motivational interviewing, a nutrition and physical activity diary, and a multidisciplinary approach [physiotherapist, dietician, general practitioner and @entity6 practice nurse (DPN)]. @entity1 and health care professionals were positive about the intervention, and @entity1 were more active (P  =  0.027), lost weight (P  =  0.031) and had lower levels of glycated haemoglobin (P  =  0.012). However, qualitative data showed that @entity1 were passive during the consultation, and did not ask questions about ways to improve their lifestyle. DPNs did not use motivational interviewing optimally; provided @entity1 with information that was difficult to understand; and were easily satisfied with the efforts of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Lifestyle intervention for @entity1 with @entity6 is difficult in routine primary care. DPNs should adapt to the knowledge level of the @entity1 , and @entity1 must be stimulated to take an active role in their treatment. @entity1 and health care professionals should become equal partners in determining mutually agreeable treatment plans and goals.

title: Exploring the process when developing a lifestyle intervention in primary care for type 2 XXXX : a longitudinal process evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: To compare XELOX and FOLFOX4 as @entity694 adjuvant chemotherapy based on MOSAIC and No. 16968 trails from Chinese cost-effectiveness perspective. METHODS: A decision-analytic Markov model was developed to compare the FOLFOX4 and XELOX regimens based MOSAIC and No. 16968 trial. Five states were included in our Markov model: well (state 1), minor @entity137 (state 2), major @entity137 (state 3), quitting adjuvant chemotherapy (state 4), and @entity204 due to adjuvant chemotherapy (state 5). Transitions among the 5 states were assumed to be Markovian. Costs were calculated from the perspective of the Chinese health-care payer. The utility data were taken from published studies. Sensitivity analyses were used to explore the impact of uncertainty factors in this cost-effectiveness analysis. RESULTS: Total direct costs of FOLFOX4 and XELOX per @entity1 were  19884.96    4280.30 and  18113.25    3122.20, respectively. The total fees related to adverse events per @entity1 during the entire treatment were  204.75    16.80 for the XELOX group, and  873.72    27.60 for the FOLFOX4 group, and the costs for travel and absenteeism per @entity1 were  18495.00 for the XELOX group and  21,352.68 for the FOLFOX4 group. The base-case analysis showed that FOLFOX4 was estimated to produce an additional 0.06 in quality adjusted life years (QALYs) at an additional cost of  3950.47 when compared to the XELOX regimen over the model time horizon. The cost per QALY gained was  8047.30 in the XELOX group, which was  900.98 less than in the FOLFOX4 group ( 8948.28). The one way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the utility for the well state and minor @entity137 state greatly influenced the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of FOLFOX4. CONCLUSION: In term of cost-comparison, XELOX is expected to dominate FOLFOX4 regimes; Therefore, XELOX provides a more cost-effective adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity694 @entity1 in China.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of XXXX treatments from MOSIAC and No. 16968 trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: AIM: To assess the effects of 3-field lymphadenectomy for @entity418 . METHODS: We conducted a computerized literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and EMBASE databases from their inception to present. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or observational epidemiological studies (cohort studies) that compared the survival rates and/or @entity260 between 2-field lymphadenectomy (2FL) and 3-field lymphadenectomy (3FL) for @entity418 with R0 resection were included. Meta-analysis was conducted using published data on 3FL vs 2FL in @entity418 @entity1 . End points were 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates and @entity260 , including recurrent @entity129 , @entity254 leak, @entity358 , and chylothorax. Subgroup analysis was performed on the involvement of recurrent laryngeal lymph nodes. RESULTS: Two RCTs and 18 observational studies with over 7000 @entity1 were included. There was a clear benefit for 3FL in the 1- (RR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.09-1.24; P < 0.01), 3- (RR = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.19-1.75; P < 0.01), and 5-year overall survival rates (RR = 1.37; 95%CI: 1.18-1.59; P < 0.01). For @entity260 , 3FL was associated with significantly more recurrent @entity129 (RR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.28-1.60; P = 0.02) and @entity254 leak (RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.05-1.52; P = 0.09). In contrast, there was no significant difference for @entity358 (RR = 0.93; 95%CI: 0.75-1.16, random-effects model; P = 0.27) or chylothorax (RR = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.32-1.85; P = 0.69). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis shows that 3FL improves overall survival rate but has more complications. Because of the high heterogeneity among outcomes, definite conclusions are difficult to draw.

title: Three-field vs two-field lymph node dissection for XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) is yet to be established as the definitive treatment regimen for locally advanced @entity0 (LABC). The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of NC with @entity1259 and @entity1311 . METHODS: Between March 2007 and January 2009, 50 @entity1 with LABC were enrolled in an open-label, phase II, multicenter study carried out at five distinct institutions. All @entity1 were scheduled to receive four cycles of 60 mg/m(2) @entity1259 and 175 mg/m(2) @entity1311 every 3 weeks, preoperatively, unless they developed profound side effects or disease progression. After curative surgery, two additional cycles of chemotherapy were administered to @entity1 who had shown a positive response to NC. RESULTS: In all, 196 cycles of chemotherapy were administered preoperatively; 47 of the 50 @entity1 (94%) underwent all four cycles of designated treatment. Complete disappearance of invasive foci of the @entity5 , and negative axillary lymph nodes were confirmed in eight @entity1 (16.0%), post operation. The cumulative 5-year disease-free survival rate was 70.0% for @entity1 with complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR), and 33.3% for @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) (p=0.018). The cumulative 5-year overall survival was 90.0% for @entity1 who achieved CR and PR and 55.6% for @entity1 who had @entity66 and @entity74 (p=0.001). @entity1398 (42.0%) was the most common grade 3/4 @entity137 . However, none of the @entity137 resulted in cessation of the treatment. CONCLUSION: The encouraging pathologic response observed in the @entity1 treated with @entity1259 plus @entity1311 NC in this study suggests that @entity1259 could be a substitute for @entity632 , which is the most @entity1370 agent.

title: A Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Genexol   ( @entity1311 ) and XXXX for Locally Advanced @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['Epirubicin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) is yet to be established as the definitive treatment regimen for locally advanced @entity0 (LABC). The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of NC with @entity1259 and @entity1311 . METHODS: Between March 2007 and January 2009, 50 @entity1 with LABC were enrolled in an open-label, phase II, multicenter study carried out at five distinct institutions. All @entity1 were scheduled to receive four cycles of 60 mg/m(2) @entity1259 and 175 mg/m(2) @entity1311 every 3 weeks, preoperatively, unless they developed profound side effects or disease progression. After curative surgery, two additional cycles of chemotherapy were administered to @entity1 who had shown a positive response to NC. RESULTS: In all, 196 cycles of chemotherapy were administered preoperatively; 47 of the 50 @entity1 (94%) underwent all four cycles of designated treatment. Complete disappearance of invasive foci of the @entity5 , and negative axillary lymph nodes were confirmed in eight @entity1 (16.0%), post operation. The cumulative 5-year disease-free survival rate was 70.0% for @entity1 with complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR), and 33.3% for @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) (p=0.018). The cumulative 5-year overall survival was 90.0% for @entity1 who achieved CR and PR and 55.6% for @entity1 who had @entity66 and @entity74 (p=0.001). @entity1398 (42.0%) was the most common grade 3/4 @entity137 . However, none of the @entity137 resulted in cessation of the treatment. CONCLUSION: The encouraging pathologic response observed in the @entity1 treated with @entity1259 plus @entity1311 NC in this study suggests that @entity1259 could be a substitute for @entity632 , which is the most @entity1370 agent.

title: A Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Genexol   ( @entity1311 ) and @entity1259 for Locally Advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) is yet to be established as the definitive treatment regimen for locally advanced @entity0 (LABC). The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and @entity137 of NC with @entity1259 and @entity1311 . METHODS: Between March 2007 and January 2009, 50 @entity1 with LABC were enrolled in an open-label, phase II, multicenter study carried out at five distinct institutions. All @entity1 were scheduled to receive four cycles of 60 mg/m(2) @entity1259 and 175 mg/m(2) @entity1311 every 3 weeks, preoperatively, unless they developed profound side effects or disease progression. After curative surgery, two additional cycles of chemotherapy were administered to @entity1 who had shown a positive response to NC. RESULTS: In all, 196 cycles of chemotherapy were administered preoperatively; 47 of the 50 @entity1 (94%) underwent all four cycles of designated treatment. Complete disappearance of invasive foci of the @entity5 , and negative axillary lymph nodes were confirmed in eight @entity1 (16.0%), post operation. The cumulative 5-year disease-free survival rate was 70.0% for @entity1 with complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR), and 33.3% for @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) (p=0.018). The cumulative 5-year overall survival was 90.0% for @entity1 who achieved CR and PR and 55.6% for @entity1 who had @entity66 and @entity74 (p=0.001). @entity1398 (42.0%) was the most common grade 3/4 @entity137 . However, none of the @entity137 resulted in cessation of the treatment. CONCLUSION: The encouraging pathologic response observed in the @entity1 treated with @entity1259 plus @entity1311 NC in this study suggests that @entity1259 could be a substitute for @entity632 , which is the most @entity1370 agent.

title: A Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Genexol   ( XXXX ) and @entity1259 for Locally Advanced @entity0 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The rapid haemostasis of fish prevents @entity548 that could be caused by physical properties of the aquatic environment. Additionally, the innate immune system is the first line of defence against @entity281 and is responsible for the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which are important for the activation of acquired immune responses. Coagulation factor II (CFII) is an important factor in the coagulation system and is involved in recognition and interaction with various bacterial and extracellular proteins. In this study, we identified and characterised the gene encoding CFII in rock bream ( @entity39745 ) (RbCFII) and analysed its expression in various tissues after a pathogen challenge. The full-length RbCFII cDNA (2079  bp) contained an open reading frame of 1854  bp encoding 617 @entity3534 . Alignment analysis revealed that a @entity16699 -rich domain, two kringle domains, and a trypsin-like @entity563 protease domain of the deduced protein were well conserved. RbCFII was ubiquitously expressed in all tissues examined but, predominantly detected in the liver and skin. RbCFII expression was dramatically up-regulated in the kidney, spleen and liver after @entity281 with @entity34938 , Streptococcus iniae, or @entity9855 iridovirus. The recombinant protein RbCFII (rRbCFII) produced using an @entity526 expression system was able to bind all examined bacteria. Interestingly, rRbCFII has agglutination activities towards @entity526 and @entity34938 , while no agglutination was shown toward Vibrio ordalii and S.  iniae. These findings indicate that rRbCFII performs an immunological function in the immune response, and might be involved in innate immunity as well as @entity1003 .

title: Coagulation factor II from rock bream ( XXXX ): First report on the molecular biological function and expression analysis in the teleost.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding or infection']

entities_list: @entity39745 :: ('163134', 'Species') :: ['Oplegnathus fasciatus']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity16699 :: ('MESH:D015055', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-carboxyglutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity34938 :: ('636', 'Species') :: ['E.  tarda', 'Edwardsiella tarda']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E.  coli']

answer: @entity39745 :: (163134,Species) :: ['Oplegnathus fasciatus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Catheter ablation of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) requires utilizing multiple venous femoral sheaths in conjunction with aggressive periprocedural anticoagulation, which can lead to increased risk of vascular access complications. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the "figure-of-eight" (" @entity2801 ") suture technique for femoral @entity1211 while on therapeutic doses of intravenous anticoagulation at the time of sheath removal. METHODS: In this case-control analysis, 376 consecutive @entity1 underwent @entity955 ablation while on uninterrupted oral anticoagulation and received intraprocedural heparin. In the first 253 @entity1 (the control group), manual pressure was used for femoral @entity1211 after reversal of @entity6950 effects. The subsequent 123 @entity1 (the @entity2801 group) had femoral @entity1211 using the @entity2801 suture technique and while under therapeutic heparin effects. RESULTS: The @entity2801 subcutaneous suture technique achieved adequate @entity1211 in 98.4  % of @entity1 . As compared to the control group, there was significantly less frequent utilization of the FemoStop compression assist device (1.2 vs. 16.8  %, p   <   0.0001) and in a significantly shorter interval (6.8        5.7 vs. 50.7        12.2  min, p   <   0.0001). Vascular access complications and @entity1031 events occurred in 9.8  % in the @entity2801 group vs. 13.0  % in the control group (p   =   0.678). CONCLUSIONS: Immediate hemostasis of the femoral venous access sites after insertion of multiple sheaths for @entity955 ablation in the presence of anticoagulation can be safely and effectively achieved using the @entity2801 suture technique. This technique helps minimize the period of inadequate anticoagulation immediately following ablation and shortens the time required to achieve adequate hemostasis.

title: Venous hemostasis postcatheter ablation of XXXX while under therapeutic levels of oral and intravenous anticoagulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous hemostasis']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Aim of the Study. Analyzing velocimetric (umbilical artery, UA; ductus venosus, DV; middle cerebral artery, MCA) and computerized cardiotocographic (cCTG) (fetal heart rate, FHR; short term variability, STV; approximate entropy, ApEn) parameters in intrauterine growth restriction, @entity1592 , in order to detect early signs of fetal compromise. Population Study. 375 pregnant @entity1 assisted from the 28th week of @entity2588 to delivery and monitored through cCTG and Doppler ultrasound investigation. The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the age of gestation at the time of delivery, before the 34th week, from 34th to 37th week, and after the 37th week. Data were analyzed in relation to the days before delivery and according to the physiology or pathology of velocimetry. Statistical analysis was performed through the t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation test (P < 0.05). Our results evidenced an earlier alteration of UA, DV, and MCA. The analysis between cCTG and velocimetric parameters (the last distinguished into physiological and pathological values) suggests a possible relation between cCTG alterations and Doppler ones. The present study emphasizes the need for an antenatal testing in @entity1592 fetuses using multiple surveillance modalities to enhance prediction of neonatal outcome.

title: XXXX Management: New Perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1592 :: (MESH:D005317,Disease) :: ['IUGR']


abstract: Background. @entity808 ( @entity808 ) of the head and neck are rare aggressive @entity5 with a poor prognosis. This study describes the management and outcomes of 3 of our @entity1 with @entity808 of the head and neck. Methods. We identified 3 @entity1 presenting with MPNST of the head and neck and treated at the University of North Carolina. We compared our results to the literature from 1963 to 2014. Results. Mean follow-up was 31 months. Average age at diagnosis was 44.7 years of age. All @entity1 received wide-local excision and adjuvant radiotherapy. No @entity1 recurred during the series. Recurrence-free survival time for the @entity1 was 45, 37, and 3 months, respectively. Conclusions. Our data series confirms that a combined-modality approach with complete surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy leads to improved outcomes in @entity808 of the head and neck. Nonetheless, due to historically poor outcomes, continued research into newer therapies needs to be explored.

title: XXXX of the head and neck: a case series and literature review.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors', 'MPNSTs']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the present study, tympanic membranes (TM) harvested from myringotomized @entity35 were analyzed histopathologically to compare the systemic and local effects of @entity620 on the development of @entity14360 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty male @entity35 -Albino @entity35 weighing between 350-400 g were included in this study. Under otomicroscopic examination, a standard 2-mm myringotomy incision was made on the posteroinferior quadrant of the TM of both ears. @entity35 were randomized into five groups as control, topical @entity620 50 mg/kg, systemic @entity620 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg groups, each group containing eight @entity35 . On the 15th day of the study, the @entity35 were decapitated, and bullas of the @entity35 were extracted. Sections were stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and examined through light microscopy. @entity32 , distribution width of plaques, @entity4 , and neovascularization were observed on the lamina propria. Thickness of the TM was evaluated under the microscope and scored semiquantitatively. RESULTS: When intergroup comparisons of parameters related to total TM thickness were performed, differences between the control group and topical AA ( @entity620 ) or systemic treatment groups were found to be statistically significant (p<0.005). A statistically significant difference was detected among control, topical and systemic 200 mg/kg @entity620 groups for the @entity4 (p=0.003 and p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: For the total TM thickness, systemic and topical @entity620 use was effective when compared with the control group. It has been concluded that systemic use of higher doses of (200 mg/kg) @entity620 is beneficial in the resolution of the @entity4 .

title: The Impact of Systemic and Local Administration of XXXX on Traumatic Perforation of Tympanic Membrane and @entity14360 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'edematous lamina propria']

entities_list: @entity14360 :: ('MESH:D063371', 'Disease') :: ['myringosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['Ascorbic Acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the present study, tympanic membranes (TM) harvested from myringotomized @entity35 were analyzed histopathologically to compare the systemic and local effects of @entity620 on the development of @entity14360 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty male @entity35 -Albino @entity35 weighing between 350-400 g were included in this study. Under otomicroscopic examination, a standard 2-mm myringotomy incision was made on the posteroinferior quadrant of the TM of both ears. @entity35 were randomized into five groups as control, topical @entity620 50 mg/kg, systemic @entity620 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg groups, each group containing eight @entity35 . On the 15th day of the study, the @entity35 were decapitated, and bullas of the @entity35 were extracted. Sections were stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and examined through light microscopy. @entity32 , distribution width of plaques, @entity4 , and neovascularization were observed on the lamina propria. Thickness of the TM was evaluated under the microscope and scored semiquantitatively. RESULTS: When intergroup comparisons of parameters related to total TM thickness were performed, differences between the control group and topical AA ( @entity620 ) or systemic treatment groups were found to be statistically significant (p<0.005). A statistically significant difference was detected among control, topical and systemic 200 mg/kg @entity620 groups for the @entity4 (p=0.003 and p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: For the total TM thickness, systemic and topical @entity620 use was effective when compared with the control group. It has been concluded that systemic use of higher doses of (200 mg/kg) @entity620 is beneficial in the resolution of the @entity4 .

title: The Impact of Systemic and Local Administration of @entity620 on Traumatic Perforation of Tympanic Membrane and XXXX .

answer: @entity14360 :: (MESH:D063371,Disease) :: ['Myringosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone is an increasingly common treatment strategy for brain @entity3 . However, existing prognostic tools for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were developed using cohorts of @entity1 treated predominantly with approaches other than SRS alone. Therefore, we devised novel risk scores for @entity1349 and @entity75 ( @entity75 ) for @entity320 brain @entity3 (MBM) treated with SRS alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively reviewed 86 @entity1 treated with SRS alone for MBM from 2009-2014. @entity1349 and @entity75 were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards modeling identified clinical risk factors. Risk scores were created based on weighted regression coefficients. @entity1349 scores range from 0-10 (0 representing @entity3987 ), and @entity75 risk scores range from 0-5 (0 representing lowest risk of @entity75 ). Predictive power was evaluated using c-index statistics. Bootstrapping with 200 resamples tested model stability. RESULTS: The median @entity1349 was 8.1  months from SRS, and 54 (70.1  %) @entity1 had @entity75 at a median of 3.3  months. Risk scores for @entity1349 were predicated on performance status, @entity85 ( @entity85 ) status, number of lesions, and gender. Median @entity1349 for the low-risk group (0-3 points) was not reached. For the moderate-risk (4-6 points) and high-risk (6.5-10) groups, median @entity1349 was 7.6  months and 2.4  months, respectively (p   <   .0001). Scores for @entity75 were predicated on performance status, @entity85 status, and number of lesions. Median time to @entity75 for the low-risk group (0 points) was not reached. For the moderate-risk (1-2 points) and high-risk (3-5 points) groups, time to @entity75 was 4.8 and 2.0  months, respectively (p   <   .0001). The novel scores were more predictive (c-index   =   0.72) than @entity320 -specific graded prognostic assessment or RTOG recursive partitioning analysis tools (c-index   =   0.66 and 0.57, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We devised novel risk scores for MBM treated with SRS alone. These scores have implications for prognosis and treatment strategy selection (SRS versus whole-brain radiotherapy).

title: Novel risk scores for survival and intracranial failure in @entity1 treated with radiosurgery alone to XXXX brain @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['distant brain failure', 'DF']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial disease', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone is an increasingly common treatment strategy for brain @entity3 . However, existing prognostic tools for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were developed using cohorts of @entity1 treated predominantly with approaches other than SRS alone. Therefore, we devised novel risk scores for @entity1349 and @entity75 ( @entity75 ) for @entity320 brain @entity3 (MBM) treated with SRS alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively reviewed 86 @entity1 treated with SRS alone for MBM from 2009-2014. @entity1349 and @entity75 were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards modeling identified clinical risk factors. Risk scores were created based on weighted regression coefficients. @entity1349 scores range from 0-10 (0 representing @entity3987 ), and @entity75 risk scores range from 0-5 (0 representing lowest risk of @entity75 ). Predictive power was evaluated using c-index statistics. Bootstrapping with 200 resamples tested model stability. RESULTS: The median @entity1349 was 8.1  months from SRS, and 54 (70.1  %) @entity1 had @entity75 at a median of 3.3  months. Risk scores for @entity1349 were predicated on performance status, @entity85 ( @entity85 ) status, number of lesions, and gender. Median @entity1349 for the low-risk group (0-3 points) was not reached. For the moderate-risk (4-6 points) and high-risk (6.5-10) groups, median @entity1349 was 7.6  months and 2.4  months, respectively (p   <   .0001). Scores for @entity75 were predicated on performance status, @entity85 status, and number of lesions. Median time to @entity75 for the low-risk group (0 points) was not reached. For the moderate-risk (1-2 points) and high-risk (3-5 points) groups, time to @entity75 was 4.8 and 2.0  months, respectively (p   <   .0001). The novel scores were more predictive (c-index   =   0.72) than @entity320 -specific graded prognostic assessment or RTOG recursive partitioning analysis tools (c-index   =   0.66 and 0.57, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We devised novel risk scores for MBM treated with SRS alone. These scores have implications for prognosis and treatment strategy selection (SRS versus whole-brain radiotherapy).

title: Novel risk scores for survival and intracranial failure in @entity1 treated with radiosurgery alone to @entity320 brain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: PURPOSE: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone is an increasingly common treatment strategy for brain @entity3 . However, existing prognostic tools for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were developed using cohorts of @entity1 treated predominantly with approaches other than SRS alone. Therefore, we devised novel risk scores for @entity1349 and @entity75 ( @entity75 ) for @entity320 brain @entity3 (MBM) treated with SRS alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively reviewed 86 @entity1 treated with SRS alone for MBM from 2009-2014. @entity1349 and @entity75 were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards modeling identified clinical risk factors. Risk scores were created based on weighted regression coefficients. @entity1349 scores range from 0-10 (0 representing @entity3987 ), and @entity75 risk scores range from 0-5 (0 representing lowest risk of @entity75 ). Predictive power was evaluated using c-index statistics. Bootstrapping with 200 resamples tested model stability. RESULTS: The median @entity1349 was 8.1  months from SRS, and 54 (70.1  %) @entity1 had @entity75 at a median of 3.3  months. Risk scores for @entity1349 were predicated on performance status, @entity85 ( @entity85 ) status, number of lesions, and gender. Median @entity1349 for the low-risk group (0-3 points) was not reached. For the moderate-risk (4-6 points) and high-risk (6.5-10) groups, median @entity1349 was 7.6  months and 2.4  months, respectively (p   <   .0001). Scores for @entity75 were predicated on performance status, @entity85 status, and number of lesions. Median time to @entity75 for the low-risk group (0 points) was not reached. For the moderate-risk (1-2 points) and high-risk (3-5 points) groups, time to @entity75 was 4.8 and 2.0  months, respectively (p   <   .0001). The novel scores were more predictive (c-index   =   0.72) than @entity320 -specific graded prognostic assessment or RTOG recursive partitioning analysis tools (c-index   =   0.66 and 0.57, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We devised novel risk scores for MBM treated with SRS alone. These scores have implications for prognosis and treatment strategy selection (SRS versus whole-brain radiotherapy).

title: Novel risk scores for survival and intracranial failure in XXXX treated with radiosurgery alone to @entity320 brain @entity3 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3580 is a rare @entity5 that arises from embryonic notochordal remnants along the axial skeleton (i.e., clivus, sacrum) and the vertebral bodies. They comprise less than 1 % of CNS @entity5 and 1-4 % of all bone @entity5 . It rarely affects @entity1 and adolescents (<5 %). @entity3580 are locally aggressive and highly recurrent. Their management is challenging for clinicians. METHODS: This retrospective study includes six pediatric @entity1 with pathological evidence of @entity3580 . These cases were identified over a period of 15 years in a tertiary care institute. RESULTS: There were two @entity1 and four @entity1 with a mean age of 10.6 years (range, 4-16 years). The chief complaint was due to @entity129 (or dysfunction), mostly affecting lower @entity129 (66.6 %), followed by @entity892 and @entity10 . One @entity1 had @entity27 . All @entity1 were operated and a total of 15 surgeries were performed (mean, 2.5). @entity5 recurrence was observed in four @entity1 (67 %). Two-year and 5-year progression-free survivals (PFS) were 67 and 33 %, respectively. None of the @entity1 were lost either during the surgery or the follow-up period (6.9 years: 1-14 years). CONCLUSIONS: Clival @entity3580 are challenging @entity5 in neurosurgical practice. A multidisciplinary approach is warranted in each @entity1 . Today, the best management strategy seems to be surgical resection followed by radiotherapy. Chemotherapy should be considered in selective and preference basis. Sharing institutional experiences will provide future insights in prognosis of these rare @entity5 . Implementing newer surgical instruments, endoscope in particular, is encouraged in management of the clival @entity3580 .

title: Enigmatic entity in childhood: XXXX from a tertiary center's perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy', 'cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'Tumor', 'neoplasm', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['clival chordoma', 'Chordomas', 'chordomas', 'Chordoma']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['clival chordoma']


abstract: The ability of malignant cells to evade the immune system, characterized by @entity5 escape from both innate and adaptive immune responses, is now accepted as an important hallmark of @entity5 . Our research on @entity0 focuses on the active role that @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes play in @entity5 progression and @entity1 outcome. Toward this goal, we developed a methodology for the rapid isolation of intact lymphoid cells from normal and abnormal tissues in an effort to evaluate them proximate to their native state. Homogenates prepared using a mechanical dissociator show both increased viability and cell recovery while preserving surface receptor expression compared to enzyme-digested tissues. Furthermore, enzymatic digestion of the remaining insoluble material did not recover additional @entity1195 (+) cells indicating that quantitative and qualitative measurements in the primary homogenate likely genuinely reflect infiltrating subpopulations in the tissue fragment. The lymphoid cells in these homogenates can be easily characterized using immunological (phenotype, proliferation, etc.) or molecular (DNA, RNA and/or protein) approaches. @entity1195 (+) cells can also be used for subpopulation purification, in vitro expansion or cryopreservation. An additional benefit of this approach is that the primary tissue supernatant from the homogenates can be used to characterize and compare cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulins and antigens present in normal and malignant tissues. This protocol functions extremely well for @entity1 breast tissues and should be applicable to a wide variety of normal and abnormal tissues.

title: A Simple and Rapid Protocol to Non-enzymatically Dissociate Fresh XXXX Tissues for the Analysis of Infiltrating Lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity472 ( @entity472 ) seem to have a worse outcome than commonly expected. Early identification of subjects who may develop a rapid disease progression or @entity65 is critical in order to apply adequate risk management. Study design  Observational prospective single-centre study. Objective  To determine the prognostic role of exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) in @entity1 with mild and moderate asymptomatic @entity472 . @entity1  Ninety consecutive @entity1 (mean age 74      12  years) with isolated mild and moderate @entity472 were enrolled into the study protocol over a 20  months period. Follow-up time was 12  months. Methods  A complete echocardiographic study with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was performed at baseline and during semi-supine symptom-limited exercise test to evaluate: (1) the occurrence of symptoms, (2) ST segment changes, (3) transaortic pressure gradient, (4) the E/A ratio, (5) the E/e' ratio and (6) the systolic pulmonary artery pressure. Main outcome measures  During the 1  year follow-up time, we evaluated the occurrence of adverse @entity299 , defined as any of the following: (1) cardio-vascular hospitalization; (2) requirement for aortic valve replacement; (3) @entity204 . Results  During follow-up, three @entity1 died, 11 underwent aortic valve replacement and 26 had cardiovascular hospitalizations. On univariate analysis, @entity1 who exhibited symptoms during exercise (HR 2.93, p  =  0.003); the occurrence of a >= 2  mm exercise-induced @entity308 (HR 3.12, p  =  0.001); a >= 15  mmHg increase in mean transaortic pressure gradient during exercise (HR 2.77, p  =  0.001); a >= 50  mmHg exercise-induced increase in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (HR 2.90, p  =  0.009); an exercise-induced pseudo-normalization of the @entity9400 (HR 7.50, p  =  0.0001) and, particularly, a >= 15 exercise-induced increase in the E/e' ratio (HR 7.69, p  =  0.0001) had a significantly higher risk of @entity299 during the follow-up time. On multivariate analysis, only the latter covariate (HR 6.04, p  =  0.009) was independently associated with adverse @entity299 . Conclusions  A >= 15 stress-induced increase in E/e' ratio is highly predictive of @entity299 in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity472 . Assessment of diastolic function using TDI during ESE provides additional prognostic information in such @entity1 .

title: Exercise stress echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging in risk stratification of mild to moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']