abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment-related changes (TRC) often imitate @entity5 progression in @entity463 . Increased regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) can differentiate @entity5 progression from TRC after the standardized first-line radiochemotherapy, but information about diagnostic accuracy of rCBV for @entity1 without any clinical selection criteria is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate if rCBV can differentiate between TRC and @entity5 progression irrespective of preceding therapies and number of @entity5 progressions. METHODS: We analyzed mean and maximum rCBV from the enhancing areas normalized to the contralateral white matter in 44 @entity463 with @entity5 progression. The diagnosis (real progression vs. TRC) was determined by histopathology or by clinical/MRI-follow-up. We performed nonparametric tests, receiver operating characteristics (ROC), and Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Significant differences between @entity5 progression (N = 37) and TRC (N = 7) were found for rCBVmean (2.44    1.05 vs. 1.69    .56, P < .03) and rCBVmax (3.40    1.25 vs. 2.21    .62, P < .0007). A rCBVmax of 2.6 had 78% sensitivity and 86% specificity to detect @entity5 progression. Neither rCBVmean nor rCBVmax was predictive for the @entity1 @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). There were no statistically different rCBVmean and rCBVmax between the first and further @entity5 progressions. CONCLUSIONS: The rCBVmax differentiates @entity5 progression from TRC in unselected recurrent @entity463 , but it is not predictive for the @entity1349 .

title: Perfusion MRI in the Evaluation of Suspected XXXX Recurrence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MR-morphological tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'pretreated glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a male @entity1 with @entity585 -associated @entity249 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary-care clinic for @entity4810 . @entity1 (S): A @entity1 with @entity3893 who had been taking @entity585 (1-mg dose) for 1 year for @entity1665 . He had been diagnosed with @entity6660 5 years before. INTERVENTION(S): Discontinuation of @entity585 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Improvement of semen parameters. RESULT(S): After cessation of @entity585 , the @entity1 's semen volume increased immediately, and sperm concentration was up to more than 10   10(6)/mL 16 weeks after stopping @entity585 . He is now trying to achieve pregnancy by intrauterine insemination. CONCLUSION(S): Cessation of @entity585 improved spermatogenesis and allowed the couple to attempt less-invasive fertility therapy. In this case, the @entity1 had impaired spermatogenesis before he started the drug. In such @entity1 , the drug may further decrease spermatogenesis. We suggest that drug cessation could be taken into consideration for infertile male @entity1 with impaired semen parameters who are taking @entity585 at a 1-mg dose.

title: XXXX -associated @entity4810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['androgenic alopecia']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligospermia']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity585 :: (MESH:D018120,Chemical) :: ['Finasteride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a male @entity1 with @entity585 -associated @entity249 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary-care clinic for @entity4810 . @entity1 (S): A @entity1 with @entity3893 who had been taking @entity585 (1-mg dose) for 1 year for @entity1665 . He had been diagnosed with @entity6660 5 years before. INTERVENTION(S): Discontinuation of @entity585 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Improvement of semen parameters. RESULT(S): After cessation of @entity585 , the @entity1 's semen volume increased immediately, and sperm concentration was up to more than 10   10(6)/mL 16 weeks after stopping @entity585 . He is now trying to achieve pregnancy by intrauterine insemination. CONCLUSION(S): Cessation of @entity585 improved spermatogenesis and allowed the couple to attempt less-invasive fertility therapy. In this case, the @entity1 had impaired spermatogenesis before he started the drug. In such @entity1 , the drug may further decrease spermatogenesis. We suggest that drug cessation could be taken into consideration for infertile male @entity1 with impaired semen parameters who are taking @entity585 at a 1-mg dose.

title: @entity585 -associated XXXX .

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although many @entity295 treatments have shown efficacy in acute animal models, at present only activated protein C is effective in @entity1 . The likely reason for this discrepancy is that most of the animal models used for preclinical testing do not accurately replicate the complex pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity295 . Our objective in this study was to develop a clinically applicable model of severe @entity295 and gut @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) that would cause @entity1230 over a period of 48 h. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anesthetized, instrumented, and ventilated @entity1707 were subjected to a "two-hit" injury by placement of a fecal clot through a laparotomy and by clamping the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 30 min. The animals were monitored for 48 h. Wide spectrum antibiotics and intravenous fluids were given to maintain hemodynamic status. FiO(2) was increased in response to @entity26 desaturation. Twelve hours following injury, a drain was placed in the laparotomy wound. Extensive hemodynamic, lung, kidney, liver, and renal function measurements and serial measurements of arterial and mixed venous blood gases were made. Bladder pressure was measured as a surrogate for intra-peritoneal pressure to identify the development of the @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ). Plasma and peritoneal ascites cytokine concentration were measured at regular intervals. Tissues were harvested and fixed at necropsy for detailed morphometric analysis. RESULTS: Polymicrobial @entity295 developed in all animals. There was a progressive deterioration of organ function over the 48 h. The lung, kidney, liver, and intestine all demonstrated clinical and histopathologic injury. @entity647 ( @entity647 ) and @entity8479 developed by consensus definitions. Increases in multiple cytokines in serum and peritoneal fluid paralleled the dysfunction found in major organs. CONCLUSION: This animal model of Sepsis+I/R replicates the systemic @entity32 and dysfunction of the major organ systems that is typically seen in @entity1 @entity295 and @entity130 @entity1 . The model should be useful in deciphering the complex pathophysiology of @entity326 as it transitions to end-organ injury thus allowing sophisticated preclinical studies on potential treatments.

title: A clinically applicable porcine model of septic and @entity63 /reperfusion-induced shock and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome', 'ACS']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ injury']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['ALI', 'Acute lung injury']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['multiple organ injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although many @entity295 treatments have shown efficacy in acute animal models, at present only activated protein C is effective in @entity1 . The likely reason for this discrepancy is that most of the animal models used for preclinical testing do not accurately replicate the complex pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity295 . Our objective in this study was to develop a clinically applicable model of severe @entity295 and gut @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) that would cause @entity1230 over a period of 48 h. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anesthetized, instrumented, and ventilated @entity1707 were subjected to a "two-hit" injury by placement of a fecal clot through a laparotomy and by clamping the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 30 min. The animals were monitored for 48 h. Wide spectrum antibiotics and intravenous fluids were given to maintain hemodynamic status. FiO(2) was increased in response to @entity26 desaturation. Twelve hours following injury, a drain was placed in the laparotomy wound. Extensive hemodynamic, lung, kidney, liver, and renal function measurements and serial measurements of arterial and mixed venous blood gases were made. Bladder pressure was measured as a surrogate for intra-peritoneal pressure to identify the development of the @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ). Plasma and peritoneal ascites cytokine concentration were measured at regular intervals. Tissues were harvested and fixed at necropsy for detailed morphometric analysis. RESULTS: Polymicrobial @entity295 developed in all animals. There was a progressive deterioration of organ function over the 48 h. The lung, kidney, liver, and intestine all demonstrated clinical and histopathologic injury. @entity647 ( @entity647 ) and @entity8479 developed by consensus definitions. Increases in multiple cytokines in serum and peritoneal fluid paralleled the dysfunction found in major organs. CONCLUSION: This animal model of Sepsis+I/R replicates the systemic @entity32 and dysfunction of the major organ systems that is typically seen in @entity1 @entity295 and @entity130 @entity1 . The model should be useful in deciphering the complex pathophysiology of @entity326 as it transitions to end-organ injury thus allowing sophisticated preclinical studies on potential treatments.

title: A clinically applicable porcine model of septic and XXXX /reperfusion-induced shock and @entity1230 .

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Semen Cassiae, called Juemingzi in China, is the seed of the annual Cassia obtusifolia L., of the leguminosae family. It has been used as healthy drinks to alleviate @entity1142 and improve eyesight for many years in China. AIM OF THE STUDY: A simple sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of @entity33595 , @entity33997 , @entity72094 , @entity16466 , physcion, @entity72095 and @entity72096 in @entity35 plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C18 column with a 5min gradient elution. A tandem mass spectrometric detection was conducted using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) via an electrospray ionization (ESI) source and operating in the negative ionization mode. The samples were prepared by LLE with @entity1046 after being spiked with an internal standard ( @entity39393 ). RESULTS: The current UHPLC-MS/MS assay was validated for linearity, intra-day and inter-day precisions, accuracy, extraction recovery and stability. The method was linear for all analytes over investigated range with all correlation coefficients greater than 0.9900. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of each analyte was lower than 5ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 14.99%. The relative errors of accuracies were in the range of -14.60% to 5.11%. The mean recoveries and matrix effects of @entity30813 were higher than 65.54% and 93.26%, respectively. After oral administration 1.25g/kg of Semen Cassiae extract, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 1189.25  333.40ng/mL for @entity33595 , 38.48  3.15ng/mL for @entity33997 , 79.20  34.76ng/mL for aloe- @entity33997 , 152.70  23.91ng/mL for @entity16466 , 461.85  266.77ng/mL for physcion, 243.59  22.71ng/mL for @entity72095 and 1950.44  638.86ng/mL for aurantio-obtusin, respectively. The time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was 0.333  0.071h for @entity33595 , 0.333  0.059h for @entity33997 , 0.333  0.009h for aloe- @entity33997 , 0.333  0.09h for @entity16466 , 0.167  0.002h for physcion, 0.5  0.074h for @entity72095 and 0.333  0.06h for aurantio-obtusin, respectively. CONCLUSION: The proposed method was further applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of seven @entity30813 after oral administration of Semen Cassia extract to @entity35 .

title: Simultaneous determination of seven XXXX in @entity35 plasma by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry and pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Semen Cassiae extract.

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity30813 :: ('MESH:D000880', 'Chemical') :: ['anthraquinones']

entities_list: @entity33595 :: ('MESH:C027113', 'Chemical') :: ['chrysophanol']

entities_list: @entity72095 :: ('MESH:C546709', 'Chemical') :: ['obtusifolin']

entities_list: @entity72096 :: ('MESH:C000595611', 'Chemical') :: ['aurantio-obtusin']

entities_list: @entity72094 :: ('MESH:C518327', 'Chemical') :: ['aloe-emodin']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity39393 :: ('MESH:C038091', 'Chemical') :: ['butylparaben']

answer: @entity30813 :: (MESH:D000880,Chemical) :: ['anthraquinones']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Semen Cassiae, called Juemingzi in China, is the seed of the annual Cassia obtusifolia L., of the leguminosae family. It has been used as healthy drinks to alleviate @entity1142 and improve eyesight for many years in China. AIM OF THE STUDY: A simple sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of @entity33595 , @entity33997 , @entity72094 , @entity16466 , physcion, @entity72095 and @entity72096 in @entity35 plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C18 column with a 5min gradient elution. A tandem mass spectrometric detection was conducted using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) via an electrospray ionization (ESI) source and operating in the negative ionization mode. The samples were prepared by LLE with @entity1046 after being spiked with an internal standard ( @entity39393 ). RESULTS: The current UHPLC-MS/MS assay was validated for linearity, intra-day and inter-day precisions, accuracy, extraction recovery and stability. The method was linear for all analytes over investigated range with all correlation coefficients greater than 0.9900. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of each analyte was lower than 5ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were less than 14.99%. The relative errors of accuracies were in the range of -14.60% to 5.11%. The mean recoveries and matrix effects of @entity30813 were higher than 65.54% and 93.26%, respectively. After oral administration 1.25g/kg of Semen Cassiae extract, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 1189.25  333.40ng/mL for @entity33595 , 38.48  3.15ng/mL for @entity33997 , 79.20  34.76ng/mL for aloe- @entity33997 , 152.70  23.91ng/mL for @entity16466 , 461.85  266.77ng/mL for physcion, 243.59  22.71ng/mL for @entity72095 and 1950.44  638.86ng/mL for aurantio-obtusin, respectively. The time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was 0.333  0.071h for @entity33595 , 0.333  0.059h for @entity33997 , 0.333  0.009h for aloe- @entity33997 , 0.333  0.09h for @entity16466 , 0.167  0.002h for physcion, 0.5  0.074h for @entity72095 and 0.333  0.06h for aurantio-obtusin, respectively. CONCLUSION: The proposed method was further applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of seven @entity30813 after oral administration of Semen Cassia extract to @entity35 .

title: Simultaneous determination of seven @entity30813 in XXXX plasma by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry and pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Semen Cassiae extract.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large conductance, @entity460 -activated BK channels regulate many important physiological processes, including smooth muscle excitation, hormone release and synaptic transmission. The biological roles of these channels hinge on their unique ability to respond synergistically to both voltage and cytosolic @entity460 elevations. Because @entity460 influx is meticulously regulated both spatially and temporally, the localization of BK channels near @entity460 channels is critical for their proper function. However, the mechanism underlying BK channel localization near @entity460 channels is not fully understood. RESULTS: We show here that in @entity2199 the localization of @entity70798 /BK channels to presynaptic terminals, where @entity40926 / @entity40925 @entity460 channels regulate neurotransmitter release, is controlled by the hierarchical organization of @entity72097 /a-catulin and @entity72098 /dystrobrevin, two proteins that interact with cortical cytoskeletal proteins. @entity72097 organizes a macromolecular @entity70798 channel complex at presynaptic terminals by direct physical interaction. @entity72098 contributes to the maintenance or stabilization of the complex at presynaptic terminals by interacting with @entity72097 . We also show that @entity70798 channels are functionally coupled with @entity40926 @entity460 channels, and that normal localization of @entity70798 to presynaptic terminals requires @entity40926 . In the absence of @entity40926 , @entity70798 clusters lose the localization specificity, thus accumulating inside and outside of presynaptic terminals. Moreover, @entity72097 is also similarly localized in @entity40926 mutants, consistent with the direct interaction between @entity72097 and @entity70798 . However, localization of @entity40926 at the presynaptic terminals is not dependent on either @entity72097 or @entity70798 . Taken together, our data strongly suggest that the absence of @entity40926 indirectly influences @entity70798 localization via the reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins. CONCLUSION: @entity72097 and @entity72098 , which interact with cortical cytoskeletal proteins, are required for the presynaptic punctate localization of @entity70798 in a hierarchical manner. In addition, @entity40926 @entity460 channels indirectly control the fidelity of @entity70798 puncta localization at presynaptic terminals. We suggest that the absence of @entity40926 leads to the reorganization of the cytoskeletal structure that includes @entity72097 , which in turn influences @entity70798 puncta localization.

title: Presynaptic BK channel localization is dependent on the hierarchical organization of alpha-catulin and dystrobrevin and fine-tuned by XXXX @entity460 channels.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity40925 :: (179838(Tax:6239),Gene) :: ['CaV2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large conductance, @entity460 -activated BK channels regulate many important physiological processes, including smooth muscle excitation, hormone release and synaptic transmission. The biological roles of these channels hinge on their unique ability to respond synergistically to both voltage and cytosolic @entity460 elevations. Because @entity460 influx is meticulously regulated both spatially and temporally, the localization of BK channels near @entity460 channels is critical for their proper function. However, the mechanism underlying BK channel localization near @entity460 channels is not fully understood. RESULTS: We show here that in @entity2199 the localization of @entity70798 /BK channels to presynaptic terminals, where @entity40926 / @entity40925 @entity460 channels regulate neurotransmitter release, is controlled by the hierarchical organization of @entity72097 /a-catulin and @entity72098 /dystrobrevin, two proteins that interact with cortical cytoskeletal proteins. @entity72097 organizes a macromolecular @entity70798 channel complex at presynaptic terminals by direct physical interaction. @entity72098 contributes to the maintenance or stabilization of the complex at presynaptic terminals by interacting with @entity72097 . We also show that @entity70798 channels are functionally coupled with @entity40926 @entity460 channels, and that normal localization of @entity70798 to presynaptic terminals requires @entity40926 . In the absence of @entity40926 , @entity70798 clusters lose the localization specificity, thus accumulating inside and outside of presynaptic terminals. Moreover, @entity72097 is also similarly localized in @entity40926 mutants, consistent with the direct interaction between @entity72097 and @entity70798 . However, localization of @entity40926 at the presynaptic terminals is not dependent on either @entity72097 or @entity70798 . Taken together, our data strongly suggest that the absence of @entity40926 indirectly influences @entity70798 localization via the reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins. CONCLUSION: @entity72097 and @entity72098 , which interact with cortical cytoskeletal proteins, are required for the presynaptic punctate localization of @entity70798 in a hierarchical manner. In addition, @entity40926 @entity460 channels indirectly control the fidelity of @entity70798 puncta localization at presynaptic terminals. We suggest that the absence of @entity40926 leads to the reorganization of the cytoskeletal structure that includes @entity72097 , which in turn influences @entity70798 puncta localization.

title: Presynaptic BK channel localization is dependent on the hierarchical organization of alpha-catulin and dystrobrevin and fine-tuned by @entity40925 XXXX channels.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: PurposeTo report the prevalence of @entity2954 ( @entity2954 ) presenting to a tertiary referral maternity hospital (NMH) and a tertiary referral ophthalmic hospital (RVEEH) from 2011 to 2013 and describe the demographics, clinical presentation, and antibiotic susceptibility of @entity6368 @entity5517 .MethodsDemographic, clinical, and microbiological data were collected from @entity1 with laboratory confirmed @entity2954 .ResultsThere were 27   556 live births at NMH during the study period, and no case of neonatal @entity2954 was identified. Fourteen cases of @entity2954 were identified at RVEEH in this period, representing a prevalence of 0.19 cases per 1000 eye emergency attendees. Antibiotic susceptibility data were available on nine cases, of which, all were @entity2756 - and @entity2177 sensitive. 64.3% of @entity1 were male, with a mean age of 18 years. The mean duration of symptoms was 3 days. All @entity1 presented with unilateral conjunctival injection and purulent discharge. Eight cases had @entity227 at presentation and their mean visual acuity was 6/15. Corneal involvement was present in 25% of @entity1 . @entity1596 was not detected. On receipt of positive culture and/or PCR results, treatment was altered in two thirds of @entity1 . All @entity1 were referred for full STI screening and all @entity1 showed a full clinical recovery 1 week posttreatment.ConclusionWe observed that @entity2954 presented in young adults with a male predominance and was rare in neonates. In cases of unilateral @entity6063 , there should be a high clinical suspicion of @entity2954 , early swab for PCR and culture, and knowledge of current CDC-recommended antibiotic guidelines.Eye advance online publication, 24 April 2015; doi:10.1038/eye.2015.57.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in adults and neonates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonococcal conjunctivitis', 'GC']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infections']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity6063 :: ('MESH:D003234', 'Disease') :: ['purulent conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity2954 :: (MESH:D006069,Disease) :: ['gonococcal conjunctivitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the current study is to describe the complication rates and clinical outcomes in @entity1 who either underwent repeat intervention or conservative management with radiographic surveillance when presenting with @entity439 after endovascular treatment. Since publication of the international subarachnoid @entity439 trial (ISAT), an increasing number of @entity1 are treated with endovascular therapy. However, recurrence after endovascular therapy continues to pose a challenge, and there is minimal evidence to guide its management. We performed a retrospective review of all @entity1 who underwent endovascular treatment of an @entity438 from January 2005 to February 2013. The @entity1 who had an @entity439 following the initial endovascular treatment were identified and divided into two groups: those followed with conservative management (n=24), and those who underwent reintervention (n=65). The groups were compared for complications and clinical outcomes. When a reintervention was undertaken, microsurgical clip ligation was associated with a higher rate of occlusion than additional endovascular therapy (p<0.001). When comparing conservative treatment and reintervention, there was no statistically significant difference in complications or clinical outcomes. Reintervention was more common in @entity1 who were younger, had presented with @entity510 , or had a greater degree of recurrence. We conclude that clinical outcomes and repeat @entity510 are similar in @entity1 who underwent retreatment versus those who had conservative management for their recurrent @entity438 .

title: Management of recurrent XXXX following endovascular therapy.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal recurrence', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: While amyloid beta (Ab) plays a central role in the development of @entity195 ( @entity195 ), recent evidence suggests the involvement of @entity369 metabolism in @entity195 pathogenesis. Earlier research has shown that a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of pre-aggregated Ab25-35 (the neurotoxic domain of the full-length Ab) altered @entity369 metabolism in the @entity35 hippocampus (particularly the @entity13153 and dentate gyrus (DG) sub-regions) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) at the time point of 8days post-infusion. The present study measured the levels of @entity8561 and its nine downstream metabolites ( @entity7792 , @entity10608 , @entity5261 , @entity7224 , @entity11667 , @entity8037 , @entity3264 , @entity1246 and @entity3264 ) in the hippocampus and PFC at the time points of 42 and 97days following a single bilateral i.c.v. infusion of Ab25-35 (30nmol/ @entity35 ) or Ab35-25 (reverse peptide; 30nmol/ @entity35 ). At the 42-day time point, Ab25-35 resulted in decreased levels of @entity3264 , @entity3264 and @entity8037 in the @entity13153 sub-region of the hippocampus. At the 97-day time point, however, there were decreased @entity10608 , @entity1246 and @entity7224 levels, but increased @entity3264 / @entity1246 ratio, in the PFC and increased @entity8037 levels in the DG sub-region. Cluster analyses showed that @entity8561 and its three main metabolites @entity7792 , @entity10608 and @entity5261 formed distinct groups, which changed as a function of Ab25-35 at the 42-day and 97-day time points, particularly in the @entity13153 and PFC regions respectively. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that a single i.c.v. infusion of pre-aggregated Ab25-35 leads to prolonged alterations in @entity369 metabolism in a region-specific and time-dependent manner, which further supports the involvement of @entity369 metabolism in @entity195 pathogenesis.

title: A single intracerebroventricular Ab25-35 infusion leads to prolonged alterations in XXXX metabolism in the @entity35 hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['l-citrulline']

entities_list: @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine', 'glutamate']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity5261 :: ('MESH:D000376', 'Chemical') :: ['agmatine']

entities_list: @entity10608 :: ('CHEBI:15729', 'Chemical') :: ['l-ornithine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: While amyloid beta (Ab) plays a central role in the development of @entity195 ( @entity195 ), recent evidence suggests the involvement of @entity369 metabolism in @entity195 pathogenesis. Earlier research has shown that a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of pre-aggregated Ab25-35 (the neurotoxic domain of the full-length Ab) altered @entity369 metabolism in the @entity35 hippocampus (particularly the @entity13153 and dentate gyrus (DG) sub-regions) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) at the time point of 8days post-infusion. The present study measured the levels of @entity8561 and its nine downstream metabolites ( @entity7792 , @entity10608 , @entity5261 , @entity7224 , @entity11667 , @entity8037 , @entity3264 , @entity1246 and @entity3264 ) in the hippocampus and PFC at the time points of 42 and 97days following a single bilateral i.c.v. infusion of Ab25-35 (30nmol/ @entity35 ) or Ab35-25 (reverse peptide; 30nmol/ @entity35 ). At the 42-day time point, Ab25-35 resulted in decreased levels of @entity3264 , @entity3264 and @entity8037 in the @entity13153 sub-region of the hippocampus. At the 97-day time point, however, there were decreased @entity10608 , @entity1246 and @entity7224 levels, but increased @entity3264 / @entity1246 ratio, in the PFC and increased @entity8037 levels in the DG sub-region. Cluster analyses showed that @entity8561 and its three main metabolites @entity7792 , @entity10608 and @entity5261 formed distinct groups, which changed as a function of Ab25-35 at the 42-day and 97-day time points, particularly in the @entity13153 and PFC regions respectively. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that a single i.c.v. infusion of pre-aggregated Ab25-35 leads to prolonged alterations in @entity369 metabolism in a region-specific and time-dependent manner, which further supports the involvement of @entity369 metabolism in @entity195 pathogenesis.

title: A single intracerebroventricular Ab25-35 infusion leads to prolonged alterations in @entity369 metabolism in the XXXX hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the differences in the pathogenesis of @entity16 between myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-positive and -negative @entity1 with @entity12534 ( @entity12534 ). Eight MPO-ANCA-positive and 14 MPO-ANCA-negative @entity1 were included. In addition to the standard histology, nerve biopsies were examined, employing immunohistochemistry for @entity28068 and electron microscopy. The groups did not differ significantly in clinical profiles, including the peak disability score and number of blood eosinophils. In nerve biopsies, @entity1333 was found in 63% (5/8) of the ANCA-positive and 21% (3/14) of the ANCA-negative @entity1 . Fibrinoid @entity39 of vessel walls was noted in 4 ANCA-positive @entity1 (50%), and in one ANCA-negative @entity1 (p = 0039). In contrast, a large number of eosinophilic infiltrations in the epineurium was shown in 36% (5/14) of the ANCA-negative @entity1 , with no eosinophilic infiltrations shown in ANCA-positive @entity1 . In 3 ANCA-negative @entity1 , endoneurial eosinophils were seen where focal axonal loss and @entity384 were occasionally noted. There may be 2 pathogenetic mechanisms of @entity16 with @entity12534 : ANCA-related vascular fibrinoid @entity39 , and a toxic eosinophilic effect on nerve fibers which is independent of ANCA. Therapy targeting activated eosinophils may be a possible treatment for intractable @entity16 of @entity12534 .

title: Two subtypes of @entity12534 with XXXX : the roles of eosinophils and ANCA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['CSS', 'Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['capillary dilatation']

entities_list: @entity28068 :: ('5553', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil major basic protein']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neuropathy']


abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the differences in the pathogenesis of @entity16 between myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-positive and -negative @entity1 with @entity12534 ( @entity12534 ). Eight MPO-ANCA-positive and 14 MPO-ANCA-negative @entity1 were included. In addition to the standard histology, nerve biopsies were examined, employing immunohistochemistry for @entity28068 and electron microscopy. The groups did not differ significantly in clinical profiles, including the peak disability score and number of blood eosinophils. In nerve biopsies, @entity1333 was found in 63% (5/8) of the ANCA-positive and 21% (3/14) of the ANCA-negative @entity1 . Fibrinoid @entity39 of vessel walls was noted in 4 ANCA-positive @entity1 (50%), and in one ANCA-negative @entity1 (p = 0039). In contrast, a large number of eosinophilic infiltrations in the epineurium was shown in 36% (5/14) of the ANCA-negative @entity1 , with no eosinophilic infiltrations shown in ANCA-positive @entity1 . In 3 ANCA-negative @entity1 , endoneurial eosinophils were seen where focal axonal loss and @entity384 were occasionally noted. There may be 2 pathogenetic mechanisms of @entity16 with @entity12534 : ANCA-related vascular fibrinoid @entity39 , and a toxic eosinophilic effect on nerve fibers which is independent of ANCA. Therapy targeting activated eosinophils may be a possible treatment for intractable @entity16 of @entity12534 .

title: Two subtypes of XXXX with @entity16 : the roles of eosinophils and ANCA.

answer: @entity12534 :: (MESH:D015267,Disease) :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The liver hosts a variety of benign and @entity5 . Accurate diagnosis can be challenging in certain cases, especially in @entity1 with a history of @entity5 or in those with underlying liver pathology, such as @entity82 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the added clinical value of multi-modality liver imaging utilizing PET/Ce-CT/DW-MRI for characterization of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) and compare it with each diagnostic modality when interpreted alone. METHODS: The study included 35 @entity1 with @entity99 . They were 7 females _ 28 males; their age ranged from 41 to 78years, all @entity1 underwent PET/Ce-CT and DW-MRI scans. Ce-CT, PET and DW-MR images were reviewed independently, and then combined PET/Ce-CT, PET/DW-MRI and PET/Ce-CT/DW-MRI scans were analyzed. The results were correlated with histopathology or clinical/imaging follow-up. RESULTS: The 35 @entity1 had 98 focal lesions. Fifty-three lesions were finally diagnosed as primary @entity157 , 18 lesions were @entity3 , 7 lesions were @entity706 and 20 lesions were benign. On a @entity1 based analysis; the sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , NPV and accuracy were 100%, 67%, 94%, 100% and 94% for PET/Ce-CT compared to 97%, 83%, 97%, 83% and 94 % for DW-MRI, respectively. Combined PET/Ce-CT/DW-MR scans raise those parameters up to 100%. On a lesion based analysis; the sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , NPV and accuracy were 94%, 75%, 94%, 75%, 90% for PET/Ce-CT compared to 94%, 95%, 99%, 97% and 94 % for DW-MRI, respectively. All these parameters were 100 % with PET/Ce-CT/DW-MRI. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of DW-MRI to PET/Ce-CT is valuable in the characterization of @entity99 .

title: The added value of PET/Ce-CT/DW-MRI fusion in assessment of XXXX : PET/Ce-CT/DW-MRI fusion in @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic focal lesions', 'HFL']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic focal lesions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The liver hosts a variety of benign and @entity5 . Accurate diagnosis can be challenging in certain cases, especially in @entity1 with a history of @entity5 or in those with underlying liver pathology, such as @entity82 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the added clinical value of multi-modality liver imaging utilizing PET/Ce-CT/DW-MRI for characterization of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) and compare it with each diagnostic modality when interpreted alone. METHODS: The study included 35 @entity1 with @entity99 . They were 7 females _ 28 males; their age ranged from 41 to 78years, all @entity1 underwent PET/Ce-CT and DW-MRI scans. Ce-CT, PET and DW-MR images were reviewed independently, and then combined PET/Ce-CT, PET/DW-MRI and PET/Ce-CT/DW-MRI scans were analyzed. The results were correlated with histopathology or clinical/imaging follow-up. RESULTS: The 35 @entity1 had 98 focal lesions. Fifty-three lesions were finally diagnosed as primary @entity157 , 18 lesions were @entity3 , 7 lesions were @entity706 and 20 lesions were benign. On a @entity1 based analysis; the sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , NPV and accuracy were 100%, 67%, 94%, 100% and 94% for PET/Ce-CT compared to 97%, 83%, 97%, 83% and 94 % for DW-MRI, respectively. Combined PET/Ce-CT/DW-MR scans raise those parameters up to 100%. On a lesion based analysis; the sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , NPV and accuracy were 94%, 75%, 94%, 75%, 90% for PET/Ce-CT compared to 94%, 95%, 99%, 97% and 94 % for DW-MRI, respectively. All these parameters were 100 % with PET/Ce-CT/DW-MRI. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of DW-MRI to PET/Ce-CT is valuable in the characterization of @entity99 .

title: The added value of PET/Ce-CT/DW-MRI fusion in assessment of @entity99 : PET/Ce-CT/DW-MRI fusion in XXXX .

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic focal lesion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of third trimester ultrasound (estimated fetal weight, cheek-to-cheek diameter, sectional Wharton's jelly area, sectional areas and fractional volumes in extremities) to predict birth weight and cord biochemical markers at birth (leptin, insulin, @entity2690 , @entity442 , @entity1307 and ferritin) in @entity6 . METHOD: Prospective study in 49 @entity1 with gestational @entity6 . An ultrasound was performed between 32 and 34   weeks. Clinical data were collected, and a blood sample was obtained from cord after birth. ROC curve models were evaluated for 75(th) and 90(th) birth weight percentile. Univariate and multivariate models were used to assess the association between ultrasound and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS: Sectional areas and fractional volumes showed significant differences and highest AUC values for predicting birth weight. A significant association was found for extremities measurements with total birth weight and its percentile. The only marker which showed a significant association to estimated fetal weight was @entity1307 . Sectional areas and fractional volumes related to cord leptin, @entity1307 , insulin and @entity2690 . CONCLUSION: Sectional areas and fractional volumes improve the predictive value of estimated fetal weight in @entity6 . They also show a predictive association to biochemical changes in cord (leptin, insulin and @entity1307 ) related to increased adiposity and risk of @entity7396 .    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Fetal limb soft tissue assessment for prediction of birth weight and umbilical cord blood analytes in gestational XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic pregnancies', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity7396 :: ('MESH:D005311', 'Disease') :: ['fetal hypoxia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer of natural origin widely applied to the preparation of functional hydrogels suitable for controlled release of drugs, peptides and proteins. Non-covalent interactions, expecially ionic interactions, are the main driver of the loading and release behaviour of @entity1522 or peptides from chitosan hydrogels. With the aim to improve the understanding of the mechanisms governing the behaviour of chitosan hydrogels on peptide uptake and delivery, in this paper the attention was focused on the role played by @entity599 on the interactions of chitosan hydrogels with @entity599 -containing @entity1522 (AA) and peptides. Hence, loading and release experiments on @entity462 , @entity1434 and @entity2041 (SH containing @entity3689 , @entity5634 and @entity12274 , respectively) as well as on @entity8959 and @entity4857 as apolar @entity1522 were carried out. For these puroses, chitosan hydrogels were prepared in an easy and reproducible manner by a freeze-gelation process on a @entity5731 coated support. The hydrogel surface pore size, uniformity and distribution were tested. Optimal results (D50=26  4 m) were obtained by using the @entity5731 positively-charged surface. The loading results gathered evidenced that the @entity599 -containing molecules presented an increased absorption both in terms of rate and extent by chitosan hydrogels with respect to nonpolar @entity1522 , mainly due to ionic and @entity3884 bond interactions. ATR-FTIR analysis carried out on chitosan hydrogels, with and without the AA related compounds to study putative interactions, supported these apparent @entity599 -dependent results. Finally, chitosan hydrogels displayed excellent retention capabilities (AA release <5%) for all AA, strongly supporting the use of chitosan hydrogels as matrix for controlled drug release.

title: Macroporous chitosan hydrogels: Effects of @entity599 on the loading and release behaviour of XXXX -based compounds.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-l-lysine']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity5634 :: ('CHEBI:46761', 'Chemical') :: ['dipeptide']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity12274 :: ('CHEBI:47923', 'Chemical') :: ['tripeptide']

answer: @entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer of natural origin widely applied to the preparation of functional hydrogels suitable for controlled release of drugs, peptides and proteins. Non-covalent interactions, expecially ionic interactions, are the main driver of the loading and release behaviour of @entity1522 or peptides from chitosan hydrogels. With the aim to improve the understanding of the mechanisms governing the behaviour of chitosan hydrogels on peptide uptake and delivery, in this paper the attention was focused on the role played by @entity599 on the interactions of chitosan hydrogels with @entity599 -containing @entity1522 (AA) and peptides. Hence, loading and release experiments on @entity462 , @entity1434 and @entity2041 (SH containing @entity3689 , @entity5634 and @entity12274 , respectively) as well as on @entity8959 and @entity4857 as apolar @entity1522 were carried out. For these puroses, chitosan hydrogels were prepared in an easy and reproducible manner by a freeze-gelation process on a @entity5731 coated support. The hydrogel surface pore size, uniformity and distribution were tested. Optimal results (D50=26  4 m) were obtained by using the @entity5731 positively-charged surface. The loading results gathered evidenced that the @entity599 -containing molecules presented an increased absorption both in terms of rate and extent by chitosan hydrogels with respect to nonpolar @entity1522 , mainly due to ionic and @entity3884 bond interactions. ATR-FTIR analysis carried out on chitosan hydrogels, with and without the AA related compounds to study putative interactions, supported these apparent @entity599 -dependent results. Finally, chitosan hydrogels displayed excellent retention capabilities (AA release <5%) for all AA, strongly supporting the use of chitosan hydrogels as matrix for controlled drug release.

title: Macroporous chitosan hydrogels: Effects of XXXX on the loading and release behaviour of @entity3689 -based compounds.

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity3169 associated with bimatoprost 0.01% treatment in @entity1 who replace latanoprost 0.005% with bimatoprost 0.01%. METHODS: Randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled, multicenter study of @entity1 with @entity2790 or @entity726 whose intraocular pressure (IOP) was adequately controlled on latanoprost monotherapy. At baseline, @entity1 discontinued latanoprost and were randomized to treatment with once-daily bimatoprost 0.01% (n = 151) or vehicle (n = 71). The primary endpoint was the peak change in macroscopic @entity450 ( @entity3169 evaluated by gross visual inspection) from baseline to month 1. RESULTS: Bimatoprost 0.01% was noninferior to vehicle in the mean [standard deviation] peak change from baseline macroscopic @entity450 at month 1 (0.18 [0.46] in the bimatoprost 0.01% group vs 0.02 [0.32] in the vehicle group, P = 0.009). The between-group difference was 0.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04, 0.26), which was within the predefined margin for noninferiority of 0.5 on a @entity450 grading scale of 0 to +3. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in the percentage of @entity1 with a >= 1-grade increase in macroscopic @entity450 from baseline. Mean IOP was decreased from baseline (-0.7 to -1.3 mm Hg) in the bimatoprost 0.01% group (P  <= 0.002) and was increased from baseline (+3.3 to +3.6 mm Hg) in the vehicle group (P < 0.001) at month 1. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Bimatoprost 0.01% was noninferior to vehicle with respect to @entity3169 in this study population. Replacement of latanoprost with bimatoprost 0.01% in @entity1 with @entity2790 or @entity726 can result in additional IOP reduction without clinically important @entity450 .

title: A randomized, controlled comparison of macroscopic XXXX in @entity1 treated with bimatoprost 0.01% or vehicle who were previously controlled on latanoprost.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hyperemia']

answer: @entity3169 :: (MESH:D003229,Disease) :: ['conjunctival hyperemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity3169 associated with bimatoprost 0.01% treatment in @entity1 who replace latanoprost 0.005% with bimatoprost 0.01%. METHODS: Randomized, double-masked, vehicle-controlled, multicenter study of @entity1 with @entity2790 or @entity726 whose intraocular pressure (IOP) was adequately controlled on latanoprost monotherapy. At baseline, @entity1 discontinued latanoprost and were randomized to treatment with once-daily bimatoprost 0.01% (n = 151) or vehicle (n = 71). The primary endpoint was the peak change in macroscopic @entity450 ( @entity3169 evaluated by gross visual inspection) from baseline to month 1. RESULTS: Bimatoprost 0.01% was noninferior to vehicle in the mean [standard deviation] peak change from baseline macroscopic @entity450 at month 1 (0.18 [0.46] in the bimatoprost 0.01% group vs 0.02 [0.32] in the vehicle group, P = 0.009). The between-group difference was 0.15 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04, 0.26), which was within the predefined margin for noninferiority of 0.5 on a @entity450 grading scale of 0 to +3. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in the percentage of @entity1 with a >= 1-grade increase in macroscopic @entity450 from baseline. Mean IOP was decreased from baseline (-0.7 to -1.3 mm Hg) in the bimatoprost 0.01% group (P  <= 0.002) and was increased from baseline (+3.3 to +3.6 mm Hg) in the vehicle group (P < 0.001) at month 1. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Bimatoprost 0.01% was noninferior to vehicle with respect to @entity3169 in this study population. Replacement of latanoprost with bimatoprost 0.01% in @entity1 with @entity2790 or @entity726 can result in additional IOP reduction without clinically important @entity450 .

title: A randomized, controlled comparison of macroscopic @entity3169 in XXXX treated with bimatoprost 0.01% or vehicle who were previously controlled on latanoprost.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: assess whether the current protein intake recommendations may improve the biochemical parameters of critical @entity1 receiving parenteral nutrition. METHODS: longitudinal study with three evaluations made (during the first 72 hours, on the 7th and the 14th days of @entity6841 ). The following tests were applied: albumin, @entity1851 , prealbumin, total @entity165 , HDL, @entity1674 , lymphocytes, and @entity2041 peroxidase. The severity was determined by SOFA. The statistical analysis included the Spearman and Mann-Whitney tests, as well as ANOVA (analysis of variance). RESULTS: among the 53 @entity1 evaluated, 20 (37.74%) died. The mean calorie was 24.68    9.78 kcal/kg (beginning of @entity6841 ), 26.49    8.89 kcal/kg (3rd to 7th days of @entity6841 ), and 30.9    12.19 kcal/kg (7th to 14th days of @entity6841 ). The mean protein was 1.19    0.44 g/kcal/kg (first 72 hours of @entity6841 ), 1.29    0.44 g/kcal/kg (3rd to 7th days of @entity6841 ) and 1.49    0.69 g/kcal/kg (7th to 14th days of @entity6841 ). Prealbumin, albumin, total @entity165 and HDL were below the reference values, while the CRP levels were high. Throughout the three evaluation times, there was no a significant improvement on the levels of laboratory examinations. A strong and negative correlation was found between SOFA and prealbumin (r = -0.64, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: the protein offer, according to the traditional recommendations, was not enough to improve the biochemical parameters of critical @entity1 undergoing parenteral nutrition.

title: PROTEIN NEEDS OF CRITICALLY ILL XXXX RECEIVING PARENTERAL NUTRITION.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is considered a global public health problem, and is the most frequently type diagnosed in Mexican @entity1 . Therefore, it is important to study the risk factors associated to this @entity5 in order to establish prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hormonal contraceptives and hormone therapy (HT) use and period of use, breastfeeding practice, @entity1144 and @entity1017 in adulthood, on the risk of @entity0 in adult @entity1 from Northwest Mexico. This was a case-control study that included 162 @entity1 (81 cases and 81 controls). A sociodemographic and health questionnaire, and a survey history of body weight were applied to @entity1 . Measurements of body weight, height and waist circumference were performed. To assess the association between @entity0 risk and exposing factors, a multivariate logistic regression model was used. Average age of cases and controls were 51.8    11.7 and 51.4    11.3 years, respectively. No significant association was found between the use and period of use of hormonal contraceptives and HT with the risk of @entity0 . The practice of breastfeeding (OR=0.34, 95%CI: 0.12- 0.92) and the time of exclusive breastfeeding (OR=0.64, 95%CI: 0.42-0.97; crude) were protective against the risk of @entity0 . @entity1144 (OR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.90-0.97) and @entity1017 in early adulthood (OR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.85-0.95) were inversely associated to the risk of @entity0 . In conclusion, the practice of breastfeeding may help prevent @entity0 in Mexican @entity1 .

title: [INFLUENCE OF REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS, BREASTFEEDING AND OBESITY ON THE RISK OF BREAST CANCER IN MEXICAN XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity', 'Abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['WOMEN']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity221 , @entity3136 , @entity7551 , and @entity3298 (PFAPA) is a @entity221 that is often cured by tonsillectomy (TE). We hypothesized that microbes present in the tonsils may act as a trigger for the activation of inflammasomes and investigated the microbiology of the tonsils in PFAPA @entity1 and controls. We recruited 31 consecutive @entity1 who underwent TE due to PFAPA; 24 @entity1 who underwent TE due to other reasons served as controls. We cultured all the samples for bacteria, mycobacteria, @entity375 , and viruses and used PCR for 15 viruses. Also biofilm formation and histologic findings were identified. The samples of the @entity1 yielded @entity5132 more often than did the controls (16 vs 0%, p  =  0.003). @entity794 occurred in only 10% of the @entity1 , but in 38% of the controls (p  =  0.01). @entity4091 occurred less often in @entity1 than in controls. Biofilm was present in 55% of PFAPA tonsils, but in only 24% of the controls (p  =  0.03). The microbes found in the tonsils of PFAPA @entity1 showed significant differences from those of controls. This may in part explain the efficacy of TE in PFAPA.

title: Microbes of the tonsils in PFAPA ( XXXX , @entity3136 , @entity7551 and @entity3298 ) syndrome - a possible trigger of febrile episodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['Aphtous stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['Pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['Varicella zoster and Herpes simplex viruses']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Periodic Fever', 'childhood febrile syndrome']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Periodic Fever']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity221 , @entity3136 , @entity7551 , and @entity3298 (PFAPA) is a @entity221 that is often cured by tonsillectomy (TE). We hypothesized that microbes present in the tonsils may act as a trigger for the activation of inflammasomes and investigated the microbiology of the tonsils in PFAPA @entity1 and controls. We recruited 31 consecutive @entity1 who underwent TE due to PFAPA; 24 @entity1 who underwent TE due to other reasons served as controls. We cultured all the samples for bacteria, mycobacteria, @entity375 , and viruses and used PCR for 15 viruses. Also biofilm formation and histologic findings were identified. The samples of the @entity1 yielded @entity5132 more often than did the controls (16 vs 0%, p  =  0.003). @entity794 occurred in only 10% of the @entity1 , but in 38% of the controls (p  =  0.01). @entity4091 occurred less often in @entity1 than in controls. Biofilm was present in 55% of PFAPA tonsils, but in only 24% of the controls (p  =  0.03). The microbes found in the tonsils of PFAPA @entity1 showed significant differences from those of controls. This may in part explain the efficacy of TE in PFAPA.

title: Microbes of the tonsils in PFAPA ( @entity221 , XXXX , @entity7551 and @entity3298 ) syndrome - a possible trigger of febrile episodes.

answer: @entity3136 :: (MESH:D013280,Disease) :: ['Aphtous stomatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity221 , @entity3136 , @entity7551 , and @entity3298 (PFAPA) is a @entity221 that is often cured by tonsillectomy (TE). We hypothesized that microbes present in the tonsils may act as a trigger for the activation of inflammasomes and investigated the microbiology of the tonsils in PFAPA @entity1 and controls. We recruited 31 consecutive @entity1 who underwent TE due to PFAPA; 24 @entity1 who underwent TE due to other reasons served as controls. We cultured all the samples for bacteria, mycobacteria, @entity375 , and viruses and used PCR for 15 viruses. Also biofilm formation and histologic findings were identified. The samples of the @entity1 yielded @entity5132 more often than did the controls (16 vs 0%, p  =  0.003). @entity794 occurred in only 10% of the @entity1 , but in 38% of the controls (p  =  0.01). @entity4091 occurred less often in @entity1 than in controls. Biofilm was present in 55% of PFAPA tonsils, but in only 24% of the controls (p  =  0.03). The microbes found in the tonsils of PFAPA @entity1 showed significant differences from those of controls. This may in part explain the efficacy of TE in PFAPA.

title: Microbes of the tonsils in PFAPA ( @entity221 , @entity3136 , @entity7551 and XXXX ) syndrome - a possible trigger of febrile episodes.

answer: @entity3298 :: (MESH:D008199,Disease) :: ['Adenitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity221 , @entity3136 , @entity7551 , and @entity3298 (PFAPA) is a @entity221 that is often cured by tonsillectomy (TE). We hypothesized that microbes present in the tonsils may act as a trigger for the activation of inflammasomes and investigated the microbiology of the tonsils in PFAPA @entity1 and controls. We recruited 31 consecutive @entity1 who underwent TE due to PFAPA; 24 @entity1 who underwent TE due to other reasons served as controls. We cultured all the samples for bacteria, mycobacteria, @entity375 , and viruses and used PCR for 15 viruses. Also biofilm formation and histologic findings were identified. The samples of the @entity1 yielded @entity5132 more often than did the controls (16 vs 0%, p  =  0.003). @entity794 occurred in only 10% of the @entity1 , but in 38% of the controls (p  =  0.01). @entity4091 occurred less often in @entity1 than in controls. Biofilm was present in 55% of PFAPA tonsils, but in only 24% of the controls (p  =  0.03). The microbes found in the tonsils of PFAPA @entity1 showed significant differences from those of controls. This may in part explain the efficacy of TE in PFAPA.

title: Microbes of the tonsils in PFAPA ( @entity221 , @entity3136 , XXXX and @entity3298 ) syndrome - a possible trigger of febrile episodes.

answer: @entity7551 :: (MESH:D010612,Disease) :: ['Pharyngitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent investigations of accelerated long-term forgetting, a condition in which newly acquired memory is normal initially but decays rapidly over days or weeks, indicate that multiple factors might influence whether this phenomenon is seen in @entity1 with @entity302 . Test-based differences such as learning condition or type of memory measure (e.g., recall vs recognition) as well as @entity302 variables (e.g., side, site, or frequency of @entity302 ) may be important. The present study sought to characterize factors affecting learning and memory for prose passages in @entity1 with @entity1625 . We enrolled 21 @entity1 with @entity1315 , with and without @entity75 , 11 @entity1 with @entity302 ( @entity302 ), and 29 healthy controls. Two matched passages were used to compare effects of @entity4207 (one exposure versus learning-to-criterion) on subsequent patterns of retention. Recall and recognition were tested at different delays (i.e., immediately, 30min, 24h, and 4days). Regression analyses and one-way ANOVAs indicated that having a left-hemisphere @entity302 focus had a negative impact on learning, whilst presence of a @entity75 (irrespective of side) was associated with deterioration in recall for intervals up to 24h postencoding. @entity4207 affected patterns of memory decay in that the @entity302 group showed significant decline in recall between 24h and 4days only when stories were learned to criterion. In contrast with recall, no changes over time were evident in recognition memory, as @entity1 with @entity75 were impaired from 30min onward. Epilepsy variables other than side and site of @entity302 /lesion did not influence performance. In conclusion, the left hemisphere is involved in learning of prose material, and the hippocampus is involved in the consolidation of this material mainly for the first 24h. After this, cortical regions outside the hippocampus become important for recall.

title: Disruption of learning and long-term retention of prose passages in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal lesions', 'hippocampal lesion']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['ETE', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'extratemporal epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['initial learning condition', 'Learning condition']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['focal epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent investigations of accelerated long-term forgetting, a condition in which newly acquired memory is normal initially but decays rapidly over days or weeks, indicate that multiple factors might influence whether this phenomenon is seen in @entity1 with @entity302 . Test-based differences such as learning condition or type of memory measure (e.g., recall vs recognition) as well as @entity302 variables (e.g., side, site, or frequency of @entity302 ) may be important. The present study sought to characterize factors affecting learning and memory for prose passages in @entity1 with @entity1625 . We enrolled 21 @entity1 with @entity1315 , with and without @entity75 , 11 @entity1 with @entity302 ( @entity302 ), and 29 healthy controls. Two matched passages were used to compare effects of @entity4207 (one exposure versus learning-to-criterion) on subsequent patterns of retention. Recall and recognition were tested at different delays (i.e., immediately, 30min, 24h, and 4days). Regression analyses and one-way ANOVAs indicated that having a left-hemisphere @entity302 focus had a negative impact on learning, whilst presence of a @entity75 (irrespective of side) was associated with deterioration in recall for intervals up to 24h postencoding. @entity4207 affected patterns of memory decay in that the @entity302 group showed significant decline in recall between 24h and 4days only when stories were learned to criterion. In contrast with recall, no changes over time were evident in recognition memory, as @entity1 with @entity75 were impaired from 30min onward. Epilepsy variables other than side and site of @entity302 /lesion did not influence performance. In conclusion, the left hemisphere is involved in learning of prose material, and the hippocampus is involved in the consolidation of this material mainly for the first 24h. After this, cortical regions outside the hippocampus become important for recall.

title: Disruption of learning and long-term retention of prose passages in XXXX with @entity1625 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 exacerbations are associated with worsening of @entity32 , the nature of which may be neutrophilic, eosinophilic, or both. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to examine the cellular nature of @entity32 in successive COPD exacerbations in order to ascertain if they changed in individual @entity1 . The secondary objective was to estimate the relative risk indicating the extent to which a particular type of exacerbation changed as a function of the most recent exacerbation. DESIGN: This was a retrospective survey performed on a computerised sputum cell count database of a referral respiratory service in Hamilton, Canada. Recurrent event analyses were used to model the incidence of exacerbations and subtypes of exacerbations. RESULTS: 359  @entity1 and 148  @entity1 had sputum examined during stable condition and during exacerbations, respectively. It was found 65 @entity1 had sputum examined during both situations. The exacerbations were eosinophilic in 15.9%, neutrophilic in 18%, combined in 2.6%, of unknown clinical significance in 19.6% and normal in 19.6%. There were missing counts for 24.3% samples. In 85.2% of @entity1 , a different subtype of @entity3617 was noted in successive exacerbations. The relative risk of a subsequent neutrophilic or eosinophilic exacerbation was 6.24 (p = 0.02) and 2.8 (p = 0.24) when the previous exacerbation was neutrophilic or eosinophilic respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This non-intervention study suggests that the cellular nature of @entity3617 is largely unpredictable and needs to be examined at each COPD exacerbation This has important implications in choosing the appropriate therapy. Future intervention studies would provide further evidence.

title: Changing Pattern of Sputum Cell Counts During Successive Exacerbations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: We explored the diagnostic use of circulating @entity5 cells in @entity1 with neoadjuvant @entity150 using enumeration and next generation sequencing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 @entity1 with @entity150 who were eligible for @entity900 based neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in an institutional review board approved study. Subjects underwent blood draws at baseline and after 1 cycle of chemotherapy. A total of 11 @entity1 with metastatic @entity150 and 13 healthy donors were analyzed for comparison. Samples were enriched for circulating @entity5 cells using the novel IsoFlux    System microfluidic collection device. Circulating @entity5 cell counts were analyzed for repeatability and compared with Food and Drug Administration cleared circulating @entity5 cells. Circulating @entity5 cells were also analyzed for mutational status using next generation sequencing. RESULTS: Median circulating @entity5 cell counts were 13 at baseline and 5 at followup in the neoadjuvant group, 29 in the metastatic group and 2 in the healthy group. The concordance of circulating @entity5 cell levels, defined as low-fewer than 10, medium-11 to 30 and high-greater than 30, across replicate tubes was 100% in 15 preparations. In matched samples the IsoFlux test showed 10 or more circulating @entity5 cells in 4 of 9 samples (44%) while CellSearch   showed 0 of 9 (0%). At cystectomy 4 months after baseline all 3 @entity1 (100%) with medium/high circulating @entity5 cell levels at baseline and followup had unfavorable pathological stage disease ( @entity3214 or N+). Next generation sequencing analysis showed somatic variant detection in 4 of 8 @entity1 using a targeted @entity5 panel. All 8 cases (100%) had a medium/high circulating @entity5 cell level with a circulating @entity5 cell fraction of greater than 5% purity. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a potential role for circulating @entity5 cell assays in the management of @entity150 . The IsoFlux method of circulating @entity5 cell detection shows increased sensitivity compared with CellSearch. A next generation sequencing assay is presented with sufficient sensitivity to detect genomic alterations in circulating @entity5 cells.

title: Circulating Tumor Cells as Potential Biomarkers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic @entity137 of lipopeptides mixture produced by Bacillus mojavensis A21 as well as their in vitro anticoagulant activity. A21 lipopeptides was given to @entity19 at single dose from 75 mg to 1000 mg/kg body weight (bw). The median lethal dose (LD50) of A21 lipopeptides was about 550 mg/kg bw. Sub-chronic @entity137 study for 28 days was done by daily oral administration of A21 lipopeptides at doses of 40 and 400 mg/kg bw in @entity35 . Results showed that A21 lipopeptides did not cause any change in body weights and they did not produce any marked alterations in the hematological blood parameters including hematocrit concentration, hemoglobin level, white and red cells count. However, the platelets level decreased significantly compared to control value. Moreover, no significant differences in the serum biochemical characteristics were observed for @entity35 treated by the lowest dose. In contrast, a little enhancement of @entity3929 -aminotransferase (ALT) activity and decrease in total @entity165 were observed with the highest dose. A21 lipopeptides were also found to cause a prolongation of the @entity7102 time (TT), the prothrombin time (PT) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Overall, A21 lipopeptides may be very promising compounds for therapeutic purposes.

title: XXXX profiles of lipopeptides from Bacillus mojavensis A21 and evaluation of their in vitro anticoagulant activity.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) has become an important part of staging and treatment evaluation algorithms of @entity706 . We aimed to compare the results of PET/CT with bone marrow biopsy (BMB) with respect to bone marrow involvement (BMI) in @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and aggressive @entity1893 (aNHL). METHODS: The medical files of a total of 297 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity978 or aNHL and followed at the hematology clinics of 3 major hospitals in   stanbul between 2008 and 2012 were screened retrospectively and 161 @entity1 with classical @entity978 and aNHL were included in the study. The @entity1 were referred for PET/CT and BMB at the initial staging. BMB was performed as the reference standard for the evaluation of BMI. RESULTS: There were 61 (38%) @entity978 and 100 (62%) aNHL @entity1 . Concordant results were revealed between PET/CT and BMB in 126 @entity1 (78%) (52 @entity978 , 74 aNHL), 20 with positive PET/CT and BMB results and 106 with negative PET/CT and BMB results. There were discordant results in 35 @entity1 (9 @entity978 , 26 aNHL), 16 of them with positive BMB and negative PET/ CT results and 19 of them with negative BMB and positive PET/CT results. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We observed that PET/CT is effective to detect BMI, despite it alone not being sufficient to evaluate BMI in @entity978 and aNHL. Bone marrow trephine biopsy and PET/CT should be considered as mutually complementary methods for detection of BMI in @entity1 with @entity706 . In suspected focal involvement, combining biopsy and PET/CT might improve staging results.

title: Can Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography Be a Substitute for Bone Marrow Biopsy in Detection of Bone Marrow Involvement in @entity1 with Hodgkin's or XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', "Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) has become an important part of staging and treatment evaluation algorithms of @entity706 . We aimed to compare the results of PET/CT with bone marrow biopsy (BMB) with respect to bone marrow involvement (BMI) in @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and aggressive @entity1893 (aNHL). METHODS: The medical files of a total of 297 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity978 or aNHL and followed at the hematology clinics of 3 major hospitals in   stanbul between 2008 and 2012 were screened retrospectively and 161 @entity1 with classical @entity978 and aNHL were included in the study. The @entity1 were referred for PET/CT and BMB at the initial staging. BMB was performed as the reference standard for the evaluation of BMI. RESULTS: There were 61 (38%) @entity978 and 100 (62%) aNHL @entity1 . Concordant results were revealed between PET/CT and BMB in 126 @entity1 (78%) (52 @entity978 , 74 aNHL), 20 with positive PET/CT and BMB results and 106 with negative PET/CT and BMB results. There were discordant results in 35 @entity1 (9 @entity978 , 26 aNHL), 16 of them with positive BMB and negative PET/ CT results and 19 of them with negative BMB and positive PET/CT results. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We observed that PET/CT is effective to detect BMI, despite it alone not being sufficient to evaluate BMI in @entity978 and aNHL. Bone marrow trephine biopsy and PET/CT should be considered as mutually complementary methods for detection of BMI in @entity1 with @entity706 . In suspected focal involvement, combining biopsy and PET/CT might improve staging results.

title: Can Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography Be a Substitute for Bone Marrow Biopsy in Detection of Bone Marrow Involvement in XXXX with Hodgkin's or @entity1893 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Airway epithelial cells (AEC) are key contributors to immune function in the lungs but little is known about their role and function in @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: Having previously established that nasal AEC mediator release correlates with that of bronchial AEC, we assessed AEC responses in @entity1 with and without a history of wheeze. METHODS: Nasal AEC cultures were established from @entity1 (0.6-14.9 years) undergoing elective surgical procedures under general anaesthetic categorised as atopic asthmatic (n  =  12), virus-induced wheeze (n  =  8) or @entity1 without wheeze (n  =  32). Mediator release by AEC monolayers at passage 2 was determined by cytometric bead array assay or ELISA. RESULTS: Unstimulated AEC from @entity1 with a history of wheeze produced significantly less @entity687 , @entity650 , @entity2842 and @entity1261 than AEC from healthy controls. There were no group differences in AEC release of @entity7 , @entity5737 , @entity1495 or @entity2843 . After stimulation with the pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity1356 and @entity310 , AEC from @entity1 with current wheeze produced significantly less @entity687 , @entity650 and @entity2842 than @entity1 without wheeze. Release of @entity1261 , @entity7 , @entity1495 and @entity2843 did not differ between the wheeze and control group. There were no differences in mediator release between subjects with @entity12131 and those with virus-induced wheeze or between atopic and non-atopic controls. On multivariate analysis, wheeze was the only significant predictor of AEC mediator release. CONCLUSION _ CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intrinsic differences in AEC from @entity1 with a history of wheeze may reflect a defect in cytokine production in  vivo or an altered state of differentiation in  vitro, independent of @entity159 .

title: Airway epithelial cytokine responses in childhood wheeze are independent of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['atopic status']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['atopic status']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Considering the rates of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) and @entity204 ( @entity204 ) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 and the cost-effectiveness of their preventing treatments, identification of @entity712 @entity1 at risk is an important challenge. In this work, we studied the prognostic performance of the combination of an index potentially related to dispersion of repolarization restitution (  a), an index quantifying T-wave alternans (IAA) and the slope of heart rate turbulence ( @entity1950 ) for classification of @entity1164 and @entity204 . METHODS: Holter ECG recordings of 597 @entity712 @entity1 with sinus rhythm enrolled in the MUSIC study were analyzed and   a, IAA and @entity1950 were obtained. A strategy was implemented using support vector machines (SVM) to classify @entity1 in three groups: @entity1164 victims, @entity204 victims and other @entity1 (the latter including survivors and victims of non-cardiac causes). Cross-validation was used to evaluate the performance of the implemented classifier. RESULTS:   a and IAA, dichotomized at 0.035 (dimensionless) and 3.73  V, respectively, were the ECG markers most strongly associated with @entity1164 , while @entity1950 , dichotomized at 2.5 ms/RR, was the index most strongly related to @entity204 . When separating @entity1164 victims from the rest of @entity1 , the individual marker with best performance was   a>= 0.035, which, for a fixed specificity (Sp) of 90%, showed a sensitivity (Se) value of 10%, while the combination of   a and IAA increased Se to 18%. For separation of @entity204 victims from the rest of @entity1 , the best individual marker was @entity1950  <= 2.5 ms/RR, which, for Sp=90%, showed a Se of 26%, this value being lower than Se=34%, produced by the combination of   a and @entity1950 . Furthermore, when performing SVM classification into the three reported groups, the optimal combination of risk markers led to a maximum Sp of 79% (Se=18%) for @entity1164 and Sp of 81% (Se=14%) for @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The results shown in this work suggest that it is possible to efficiently discriminate @entity1164 and @entity204 in a population of @entity712 @entity1 using ECG-derived risk markers like   a, @entity1950 and IAA.

title: Automatic SVM classification of @entity1164 and XXXX from autonomic and repolarization ECG markers.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PFD', 'pump failure death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['pump failure death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Considering the rates of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) and @entity204 ( @entity204 ) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 and the cost-effectiveness of their preventing treatments, identification of @entity712 @entity1 at risk is an important challenge. In this work, we studied the prognostic performance of the combination of an index potentially related to dispersion of repolarization restitution (  a), an index quantifying T-wave alternans (IAA) and the slope of heart rate turbulence ( @entity1950 ) for classification of @entity1164 and @entity204 . METHODS: Holter ECG recordings of 597 @entity712 @entity1 with sinus rhythm enrolled in the MUSIC study were analyzed and   a, IAA and @entity1950 were obtained. A strategy was implemented using support vector machines (SVM) to classify @entity1 in three groups: @entity1164 victims, @entity204 victims and other @entity1 (the latter including survivors and victims of non-cardiac causes). Cross-validation was used to evaluate the performance of the implemented classifier. RESULTS:   a and IAA, dichotomized at 0.035 (dimensionless) and 3.73  V, respectively, were the ECG markers most strongly associated with @entity1164 , while @entity1950 , dichotomized at 2.5 ms/RR, was the index most strongly related to @entity204 . When separating @entity1164 victims from the rest of @entity1 , the individual marker with best performance was   a>= 0.035, which, for a fixed specificity (Sp) of 90%, showed a sensitivity (Se) value of 10%, while the combination of   a and IAA increased Se to 18%. For separation of @entity204 victims from the rest of @entity1 , the best individual marker was @entity1950  <= 2.5 ms/RR, which, for Sp=90%, showed a Se of 26%, this value being lower than Se=34%, produced by the combination of   a and @entity1950 . Furthermore, when performing SVM classification into the three reported groups, the optimal combination of risk markers led to a maximum Sp of 79% (Se=18%) for @entity1164 and Sp of 81% (Se=14%) for @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The results shown in this work suggest that it is possible to efficiently discriminate @entity1164 and @entity204 in a population of @entity712 @entity1 using ECG-derived risk markers like   a, @entity1950 and IAA.

title: Automatic SVM classification of XXXX and @entity204 from autonomic and repolarization ECG markers.

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mobile-bearing @entity3681 designs have achieved good clinical results for the treatment of @entity3681 . However, no direct comparison of the outcomes of @entity3681 has been made between post-traumatic and @entity571 . The purpose of the present study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of @entity3681 in @entity1 with post-traumatic and @entity571 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The HINTEGRA @entity3681 was carried out in 65 @entity1 (67 ankles) with symptomatic @entity3681 . Group A included 37 @entity1 (37 ankles) with @entity130 , whereas Group B included 28 @entity1 (30 ankles) with @entity571 . @entity1 were assessed clinically and radiographically at a mean followup of 38 months. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the two study groups in terms of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot scales, range of motion, or radiographic values at final followup (p > 0.05). The incidence of complications (38% in Group A, 27% in Group B) and additional procedures (54% in Group A, 27% in Group B) was significantly higher in Group A (p = 0.014 for complications, p = 0.013 for additional procedures). One ankle was revised in Group A for a @entity281 . CONCLUSION: The clinical and radiographic outcomes of @entity3681 for post-traumatic and @entity571 were comparable, although the incidence of complications after @entity3681 was higher in the @entity130 group. More preceding or concomitant surgeries were required in order to make the post-traumatic cases suitable for @entity3681 .

title: Total ankle arthroplasty outcome comparison for post-traumatic and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['primary osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['total ankle arthroplasty', 'ankle osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['primary osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rapid and effective treatment of invasive @entity364 (IFI) in @entity1 with @entity1778 is important for survival. In this study, we aimed to describe variations regarding clinical features, treatment modalities, time of restarting chemotherapy, and outcome in @entity1 with IFI and @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The charts of all pediatric @entity3052 @entity1 in our clinic between the years of 2001 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 received prophylactic @entity2380 during the chemotherapy period. RESULTS: IFI was identified in 25 (14%) of 174 @entity3052 @entity1 . Most of them were in the consolidation phase of chemotherapy and the @entity1 had severe @entity1398 . The median time between @entity1778 diagnosis and definition of IFI was 122 days. Twenty-four @entity1 had pulmonary IFI. The most frequent finding on computed tomography was typical parenchymal nodules. The episodes were defined as proven in 4 (16%) @entity1 , probable in 7 (28%) @entity1 , and possible in 14 (56%) @entity1 . The median time for discontinuation of chemotherapy was 27 days. IFI was treated successfully in all @entity1 with @entity18111 , @entity2379 , @entity11794 , or @entity7143 alone or in combination. Chemotherapy was restarted in 50% of the @entity1 safely within 4 weeks and none of those @entity1 experienced reactivation of IFI. All of them were given secondary prophylaxis. The median time for antifungal treatment and for secondary prophylaxis was 26 and 90 days, respectively. None of the @entity1 died due to IFI. CONCLUSION: Our data show that rapid and effective antifungal therapy with rational treatment modalities may decrease the incidence of @entity204 and that restarting chemotherapy within several weeks may be safe in @entity1 with @entity3052 and IFI.

title: Management of Invasive XXXX in @entity3052 and the Appropriate Time for Restarting Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity18111 :: ('MESH:D065819', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Fungal Infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rapid and effective treatment of invasive @entity364 (IFI) in @entity1 with @entity1778 is important for survival. In this study, we aimed to describe variations regarding clinical features, treatment modalities, time of restarting chemotherapy, and outcome in @entity1 with IFI and @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The charts of all pediatric @entity3052 @entity1 in our clinic between the years of 2001 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 received prophylactic @entity2380 during the chemotherapy period. RESULTS: IFI was identified in 25 (14%) of 174 @entity3052 @entity1 . Most of them were in the consolidation phase of chemotherapy and the @entity1 had severe @entity1398 . The median time between @entity1778 diagnosis and definition of IFI was 122 days. Twenty-four @entity1 had pulmonary IFI. The most frequent finding on computed tomography was typical parenchymal nodules. The episodes were defined as proven in 4 (16%) @entity1 , probable in 7 (28%) @entity1 , and possible in 14 (56%) @entity1 . The median time for discontinuation of chemotherapy was 27 days. IFI was treated successfully in all @entity1 with @entity18111 , @entity2379 , @entity11794 , or @entity7143 alone or in combination. Chemotherapy was restarted in 50% of the @entity1 safely within 4 weeks and none of those @entity1 experienced reactivation of IFI. All of them were given secondary prophylaxis. The median time for antifungal treatment and for secondary prophylaxis was 26 and 90 days, respectively. None of the @entity1 died due to IFI. CONCLUSION: Our data show that rapid and effective antifungal therapy with rational treatment modalities may decrease the incidence of @entity204 and that restarting chemotherapy within several weeks may be safe in @entity1 with @entity3052 and IFI.

title: Management of Invasive @entity364 in XXXX and the Appropriate Time for Restarting Chemotherapy.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Acute Leukemia']


abstract: Our experience with the surgical management of hypoplastic right ventricle with intact ventricular septum has included 20 @entity1 with @entity1146 and 3 @entity1 with @entity849 . Group 1 consisted of 7 @entity1 who were treated by transarterial pulmonary valvotomy. Four of them were lost shortly after surgery. Group 2 included 11 neonates and one @entity1 who were treated by systemic-pulmonary shunt with 2 operative @entity204 . Group 3 included 4 @entity1 who underwent primary prosthetic enlargement of the right ventricular outflow tract. Two of the 4 were lost in the early postoperative period. Eight of 13 @entity1 in groups 1 and 2 who survived the initial palliative procedures underwent additional operations to enlarge the right ventricular outflow tract, and 5 @entity1 survived. However, adequate right ventricular and tricuspid valve growth was obtained in only @entity1 in whom the prosthetic enlargement of the right ventricle was performed in early infancy. These findings strongly suggest the necessity to decompress the right ventricle completely, as early as possible. In conclusion, 1) transarterial pulmonary valvotomy seldom provided satisfactory decompression of the right ventricle, and operative risk was high. 2) systemic-pulmonary shunt to re-establish pulmonary blood flow improved neonatal survival, although this procedure may not provide a satisfactory long term palliation. 3) primary or secondary operative enlargement of the right ventricle in early infancy provided decompression of the right ventricle and accelerated substantial right ventricular growth. For @entity1 without an infundibulum or for those in whom attempts to induce tricuspid valve growth had failed, a Fontan type procedure seemed to be the procedure of choice.

title: Surgical management of @entity1146 , and XXXX with intact ventricular septum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['critical pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['critical pulmonary stenosis']


abstract: Our experience with the surgical management of hypoplastic right ventricle with intact ventricular septum has included 20 @entity1 with @entity1146 and 3 @entity1 with @entity849 . Group 1 consisted of 7 @entity1 who were treated by transarterial pulmonary valvotomy. Four of them were lost shortly after surgery. Group 2 included 11 neonates and one @entity1 who were treated by systemic-pulmonary shunt with 2 operative @entity204 . Group 3 included 4 @entity1 who underwent primary prosthetic enlargement of the right ventricular outflow tract. Two of the 4 were lost in the early postoperative period. Eight of 13 @entity1 in groups 1 and 2 who survived the initial palliative procedures underwent additional operations to enlarge the right ventricular outflow tract, and 5 @entity1 survived. However, adequate right ventricular and tricuspid valve growth was obtained in only @entity1 in whom the prosthetic enlargement of the right ventricle was performed in early infancy. These findings strongly suggest the necessity to decompress the right ventricle completely, as early as possible. In conclusion, 1) transarterial pulmonary valvotomy seldom provided satisfactory decompression of the right ventricle, and operative risk was high. 2) systemic-pulmonary shunt to re-establish pulmonary blood flow improved neonatal survival, although this procedure may not provide a satisfactory long term palliation. 3) primary or secondary operative enlargement of the right ventricle in early infancy provided decompression of the right ventricle and accelerated substantial right ventricular growth. For @entity1 without an infundibulum or for those in whom attempts to induce tricuspid valve growth had failed, a Fontan type procedure seemed to be the procedure of choice.

title: Surgical management of XXXX , and @entity849 with intact ventricular septum.

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['pulmonary atresia']


abstract: Endothelium of cerebral surface vessels (pial arterioles and venules) was injured with a light/dye technique in anesthetized @entity19 . This induced @entity1423 at the site of injury. The onset of aggregation was monitored through a microscope in @entity19 given angiotensin II @entity598 , 4 micrograms i.v. 30 minutes earlier. Aggregation latency was compared with that in vehicle treated (saline) @entity19 . Angiotensin II caused a highly significant delay in aggregation within the arterioles which was not related to a change in shear rate of blood. Angiotensin II added to platelet rich plasma, failed to influence the aggregation produced by subsequent addition of 0.5 microM @entity857 or 0.5 mM @entity1426 . @entity7774 is a well known stimulator of prostacyclin synthesis or release, and @entity7774 has been reported to inhibit @entity1423 ex vivo by increasing prostacyclin in the effluent superfusing the mass of aggregating platelets. Our data represent the first report of an antiaggregating effect of angiotensin II in vivo in an intact microvascular bed. The data is consonant with the literature describing increased prostacyclin levels following angiotensin II infusion. The antiaggregating effect of angiotensin in cerebral microvessels may help explain a recent observation describing increased survival of gerbils treated with angiotensin following carotid ligation.

title: Angiotensin delays XXXX after injury of cerebral arterioles.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin', 'angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium arachidonate']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregation']


abstract: Somatosensory and auditory evoked cortical potentials (SEP's and AEP's), regional cerebral blood flow, regional brain water content, and alteration of the blood-brain barrier were investigated in 3 cortical areas during permanent and 1- and 2-hour transient @entity432 of the left middle cerebral artery and after restoration of blood flow in @entity468 . During @entity432 , blood flow in the auditory cortex was severely suppressed. In the fore limb projection area of the somatosensory cortex, blood flow was moderately reduced while it was nearly unaffected in the hind limb projection area. Despite different degrees of @entity63 in the 3 cortical areas, all evoked responses were completely abolished within 10 minutes after @entity432 . During @entity432 , the pattern of blood flow reduction persisted, and all evoked potentials stayed abolished. Recirculation after @entity432 restored blood flow rapidly. AEP's recovered poorly after both 1 and 2 hours of @entity63 . SEP's regained normal amplitudes soon after recirculation in the group with 1-hour @entity432 . After 2 hours of @entity63 , the recovery of SEP's was variable but better than that of the AEP's. Remarkable water accumulation was observed in the auditory cortex of all 3 groups and was accompanied in the 2-hour @entity63 group by a disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In the 2-hour group, water accumulation was also found in the subcortical white matter radiation, whereas significant changes in regional water content were not observed in the somatosensory areas. The present study indicates that abolition of SEP's during @entity2500 in @entity468 is caused by lesions in the afferent pathway leading to cortical deafferentation rather than by cortical @entity63 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Experimental focal XXXX in @entity468 : changes in multimodality evoked potentials as related to local cerebral blood flow and ischemic brain edema.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['permanent occlusion', 'occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']