abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression and role of @entity1605 in @entity35 lens epithelial cells (LECs) of @entity273 ( @entity274 )-induced @entity231 . METHODS: @entity35 lenses were cultured in vitro and @entity231 was induced by 2 mM @entity274 . The lenses were observed under microscope. Simultaneously, photographs and picture analyses were done in order to detect the variation of the opacity. The expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs was detected with immunohistochemical method and compared with a control group. RESULTS: When the lenses were cultured in 2 mM @entity274 for 3 hours (h), the expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs was increased obviously. There was significant difference between @entity274 -induced and the control group (P = 0.006). After 6 h, vesicles appeared at the equator of the lenses. There was a significant difference between the result of picture analysis of @entity274 -induced and control group (P = 0.013). So the expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs of @entity274 -induced @entity231 was increased before @entity231 occurred. After induced with @entity274 for 24 h, the opacity of lenses and the expression of LECs were both increased as compared with that at 6 h (P = 0.000, 0.000). CONCLUSION: @entity274 can enhance the expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs which may play a role in the mechanism of oxidative stress-induced @entity231 .

title: [The expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 lens epithelial cells of XXXX -induced @entity231 ].

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression and role of @entity1605 in @entity35 lens epithelial cells (LECs) of @entity273 ( @entity274 )-induced @entity231 . METHODS: @entity35 lenses were cultured in vitro and @entity231 was induced by 2 mM @entity274 . The lenses were observed under microscope. Simultaneously, photographs and picture analyses were done in order to detect the variation of the opacity. The expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs was detected with immunohistochemical method and compared with a control group. RESULTS: When the lenses were cultured in 2 mM @entity274 for 3 hours (h), the expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs was increased obviously. There was significant difference between @entity274 -induced and the control group (P = 0.006). After 6 h, vesicles appeared at the equator of the lenses. There was a significant difference between the result of picture analysis of @entity274 -induced and control group (P = 0.013). So the expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs of @entity274 -induced @entity231 was increased before @entity231 occurred. After induced with @entity274 for 24 h, the opacity of lenses and the expression of LECs were both increased as compared with that at 6 h (P = 0.000, 0.000). CONCLUSION: @entity274 can enhance the expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs which may play a role in the mechanism of oxidative stress-induced @entity231 .

title: [The expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 lens epithelial cells of @entity273 -induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression and role of @entity1605 in @entity35 lens epithelial cells (LECs) of @entity273 ( @entity274 )-induced @entity231 . METHODS: @entity35 lenses were cultured in vitro and @entity231 was induced by 2 mM @entity274 . The lenses were observed under microscope. Simultaneously, photographs and picture analyses were done in order to detect the variation of the opacity. The expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs was detected with immunohistochemical method and compared with a control group. RESULTS: When the lenses were cultured in 2 mM @entity274 for 3 hours (h), the expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs was increased obviously. There was significant difference between @entity274 -induced and the control group (P = 0.006). After 6 h, vesicles appeared at the equator of the lenses. There was a significant difference between the result of picture analysis of @entity274 -induced and control group (P = 0.013). So the expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs of @entity274 -induced @entity231 was increased before @entity231 occurred. After induced with @entity274 for 24 h, the opacity of lenses and the expression of LECs were both increased as compared with that at 6 h (P = 0.000, 0.000). CONCLUSION: @entity274 can enhance the expression of @entity1605 in @entity35 LECs which may play a role in the mechanism of oxidative stress-induced @entity231 .

title: [The expression of @entity1605 in XXXX lens epithelial cells of @entity273 -induced @entity231 ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal choice for the stabilization of displaced @entity2249 remains controversial, with alternatives including arthroplasty and internal fixation. Our objective was to determine the effect of arthroplasty (hemiarthroplasty, @entity162 , and total hip arthroplasty), compared with that of internal fixation, on rates of mortality, revision, @entity158 , function, operating time, and wound @entity281 in @entity1 with a displaced @entity2249 . METHODS: We searched computerized databases for randomized clinical trials published between 1969 and 2002, and we identified additional studies through hand searches of major orthopaedic journals, bibliographies of major orthopaedic textbooks, and personal files. Of 140 citations initially identified, fourteen met all eligibility criteria. Three investigators independently graded study quality and abstracted relevant data, including information on revision and mortality rates. RESULTS: Nine trials, which included a total of 1162 @entity1 , provided detailed information on mortality rates over the first four postoperative months, which ranged from 0% to 20%. We found a trend toward an increase in the relative risk of @entity204 in the first four months after arthroplasty compared with the risk in the first four months after internal fixation (relative risk, 1.27). At one year, the relative risk of @entity204 was 1.04. The risk of @entity204 after arthroplasty appeared to be higher than that after fixation with a compression screw and side-plate but not higher than that after internal fixation with use of screws only (relative risk = 1.75 and 0.86, respectively; p < 0.05). Fourteen trials that included a total of 1901 @entity1 provided data on revision surgery. The relative risk of revision surgery after arthroplasty compared with the risk after internal fixation was 0.23 (p = 0.0003). @entity158 relief and the attainment of overall good function were similar in @entity1 treated with arthroplasty and those treated with internal fixation (relative risk, 1.12 for @entity158 relief and 0.99 for function). Infection rates ranged from 0% to 18%, and arthroplasty significantly increased the risk of @entity281 (relative risk, 1.81; p = 0.009). In addition, @entity1 who underwent arthroplasty had greater @entity190 and longer operative times than those who were treated with internal fixation. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with internal fixation, arthroplasty for the treatment of a displaced @entity2249 significantly reduces the risk of revision surgery, at the cost of greater @entity281 rates, @entity190 , and operative time and possibly an increase in early mortality rates. Only larger trials will resolve the critical question of the impact on early mortality.

title: Internal fixation compared with arthroplasty for displaced XXXX . A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['fractures of the femoral neck']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between low @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk and the mortalities of @entity301 ( @entity301 ), @entity64 , @entity5 and all causes as well as life expectancy in Chinese population. METHODS: @entity65 risk factors were surveyed in 1982 approximately 1985 for 30 thousand male and female @entity1 aged 35 approximately 59 from 10 Chinese population groups including 3 groups of factory workers, 6 groups of farmers and 1 group of fishermen according a uniform protocol with standardized methods. Follow-up was carried out up to 1999 approximately 2000 and the causes of @entity204 were all documented. Low cardiovascular risk was defined as: @entity13519 /DBP < 120/80 mm Hg without anti- @entity101 medication 2 weeks before the baseline survey, serum total @entity165 < 5.17 mmol/L, BMI > 18.5 but < 24 kg/m(2) and no smoking at baseline survey. Mortality rates of @entity301 and @entity64 , @entity5 and all causes the @entity1 with low @entity65 risk were compared with the rest of the cohort and difference in life expectancy was estimated. RESULTS: Out of the whole cohort of 30 560 @entity1 , 24 900 with complete data were available for the present analysis. Among these, 4 542 @entity1 (18.2%) were defined as low @entity65 risk group, including 959 (7.7%) @entity1 and 3 583 (28.9%) @entity1 . During a follow-up of 15.2 years on average, 243 deaths including 6 @entity301 , 15 @entity64 and 117 @entity5 deaths took place in low risk group, while 2 383 deaths including 182 @entity301 , 333 @entity64 , and 934 @entity5 deaths occurred in rest of the cohort. Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age showed that the relative risks of @entity204 of @entity301 , @entity64 , @entity5 and all causes in low risk group were 0.51 (95% CI: 0.19 approximately 1.37), 0.30 (95% CI: 0.11 approximately 0.81), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.62 approximately 1.19) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.62 approximately 0.96) for @entity1 and 0.11 (95% CI: 0.03 approximately 0.45), 0.31 (95% CI: 0.17 approximately 0.58), 0.84 (95% CI: 0.66 approximately 1.10) and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.56 approximately 0.79) for @entity1 , respectively. Life expectancy was 2.6 years longer for @entity1 and 4.0 years longer for @entity1 in the low risk group. CONCLUSION: The mortality rates of @entity65 and all causes were lower and life expectancy was longer in the @entity1 with low @entity65 risk. Keeping low risk profile may not only prevent from having @entity65 but also extend life expectancy.

title: [Relative risk of XXXX and life expectancy in low cardiovascular risk population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate--relative to routine clinical practice--the potential cost-effectiveness of implementing a strategy compliant with National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 (NINDS) recommendations for care of @entity1 presenting with signs and symptoms of acute @entity385 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A discrete-event simulation model of the process of @entity64 care from symptom onset through administration of @entity1456 ( @entity1456 ) was constructed. A literature review was performed to determine process times, performance of computed tomography (CT), health outcomes, and cost estimates. The following were compared: (a) a "base-case" strategy determined on the basis of findings in the literature and (b) a NINDS-compliant strategy (ie, evaluation by emergency physician in less than 10 minutes, interpretation of CT scans within 45 minutes, and administration of @entity1456 within 1 hour after presentation). Strategies were compared with regard to cost and effectiveness. Sensitivity analyses were performed for all relevant cost, timing, and resource parameters. Outcomes of concern were quality-adjusted life years and number of @entity1 treated within a 3-hour therapeutic window. RESULTS: The NINDS-compliant strategy resulted in an average quality-adjusted life years value of 3.64, versus 3.63 for the base case, at an approximate cost of 434 US dollars per @entity1 . The NINDS-compliant strategy increased the proportion of treatable @entity1 from 1.4% to 3.7% and remained cost-effective for expenditures of up to 450 US dollars per @entity1 . Assuming base-case parameters are used, increasing the number of CT scanners from two to eight raised the proportion of treatable @entity1 to 1.5%. Increasing the number of available neurologists from four to eight raised the proportion to 1.44%. Reducing the time from @entity64 onset to emergency department arrival by 30 minutes raised the proportion to up to 7.7%. CONCLUSION: Applying NINDS recommendations is potentially cost-effective, although reducing the time from @entity64 onset to emergency department arrival may be even more so.

title: XXXX : Effect of implementing an evaluation and treatment protocol compliant with NINDS recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator', 'tPA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The refinement in the localization of prostate @entity5 @entity5 foci through transperineal template-mapping biopsies and MRI has led to an increased interest in lesion-directed focal prostatic cryoablation. Data are lacking, however, that compare the outcomes of @entity15531 ( @entity15531 ) to @entity628 ( @entity628 ). The aim of our study was to assess both oncologic and functional outcomes between @entity15531 and @entity628 cryoablation of the prostate after having matched @entity1 for preoperative characteristics. @entity1 AND METHODS: We matched with a 1:1 ratio 317 @entity1 who underwent @entity628 with 317 who underwent @entity15531 treatment in the Cryo Online Data (COLD) registry between 2007 and 2013. All @entity1 were low-risk according to the D'Amico risk groups and were matched according to age at surgery. We only included preoperatively potent @entity1 . Oncologic outcomes were biochemical recurrence (BCR) free-survival defined according to the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) and Phoenix criteria and assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves. Only @entity1 with @entity1486 (PSA) nadir data were included in oncologic outcome analysis. Functional outcomes were assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months after the procedure for erectile function (defined as ability to have intercourse with or without erectile aids), urinary continence, urinary retention, and rates of @entity292 formation. RESULTS: Median age at the time of the procedure was 66.5 years (standard deviation [SD] 6.6   y), and median follow-up time was 58.3 months. After surgery, 30% (n=95) and 17% (n=55) of the @entity1 who received @entity15531 and @entity628 , respectively, underwent biopsy, with positive biopsy rates of 11.6% and 14.5%, respectively. BCR-free survival rates at 60 months according to the Phoenix definition were 80.1% and 71.3% in the @entity15531 and @entity628 cohorts, respectively, with a hazard ratio of 0.827; according to the ASTRO definition, they were 82.1% and 73%, respectively (all P >=  0.1). Erectile function data at 24 months was available for 172 @entity15531 and 160 @entity628 treated @entity1 . Recovery of erection was achieved in 46.8% and 68.8% of @entity1 in the @entity15531 and @entity628 cohorts, respectively (P=0.001). Urinary function data at 24 months was available for 307 @entity15531 and 313 @entity628 @entity1 . Continence rates were 98.7% and 100% for @entity15531 and @entity628 groups, respectively (P=0.02). Urinary retention at 6, 12, and 24 months was reported in 7.3%, 1.9%, and 0.6%, respectively, in the @entity15531 arm, and in 5%, 1.3%, and 0.9%, respectively, in the @entity628 arm. Finally, only one @entity292 was reported in each group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with low-risk prostate @entity5 who underwent @entity628 cryoablation had comparable BCR-survival rates at 60 months to @entity1 treated with @entity15531 . However, @entity628 @entity1 had higher erectile function preservation rates at 24 months post-procedure. Urinary continence, retention and @entity292 rates were similar between the two treatment groups.

title: Comparison of Outcomes Between Preoperatively Potent XXXX Treated with Focal Versus Whole Gland Cryotherapy in a Matched Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal ablation therapy', 'FT']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the hematopoietic and immunologic reconstitution and transplantation-related complications of HLA one locus mismatched unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation for the treatment of @entity1583 . METHODS: Two @entity1 with @entity981 received HLA-mismatched unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation. The conditioning regimens were BU-CTX (case 1) and BU-CTX plus BCNU (case 2). GVHD prophylaxis regimen consisted of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) and @entity618 ( @entity2098 ). The @entity1 received 14.6 x 10(7) nucleated cells/kg with 7.24 x 10(5) CD(34)(+) cells/kg and 16.24 x 10(7) nucleated cells/kg with 21.11 x 10(5) CD(34)(+) cells/kg, respectively. RESULTS: The two recipients, ANC > 0.5 x 10(9)/L occurred at day 27 and day 17, BPC > 50 x 10(9)/L at day 53 and day 46, the peripheral blood counts normalization at day 60 and day 52, the immune function normalization at day 134 and day 122 and the DNA fingerprinting showing engraftment at day 19 and day 17, respectively. The donor-recipient pair of case 1 was male to female, and the chromosome karyotype of recipients bone marrow and peripheral blood cells showed 100%, 46, XY cells at day 49. Grade II @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) occurred at day 26 (case 1) and day 21 (case 2). The two recipients have survived for 353 days and 256 days. CONCLUSION: The hematopoietic and immunologic reconstitution in umbilical cord blood transplantation were earlier and more durable. The transplantation-related complications were less and @entity2132 were milder.

title: [Treatment of two case childhood XXXX by HLA-mismatched unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft versus host disease', 'aGVHD']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risks of facial, trigeminal and @entity16 after @entity5513 gamma knife radiosurgery. METHODS: The clinical data of forty-three @entity1 with 46 masses of @entity5513 who underwent gamma knife radiosurgery with the dose of 12 approximately 15 Gy to the @entity5 margin between January 1997 and October 2000 and were followed up for 6 approximately 24 months (on average 16.9 months) were studied. The @entity5 diameter was 10 approximately 20 mm in 12 cases, 21 approximately 30 mm in 23 cases, >/= 31 mm in 11 cases, with the average value of 28 mm. RESULTS: The @entity5 control rate was 91.3%. The useful hearing preservation rate was 100% immediately after radiosurgery, 87% 6 months later and 78% 2 years later. The hearing preservation rate was high for small @entity5 . The @entity16 began to appear after 6 months. The incidence rates of @entity16 was 15.3%, 7.6%, and 3.8% 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after radiosurgery respectively. The incidence rates of trigeminal @entity16 was 11.4%, 3.8%, and 3.8% respectively 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after radiosurgery. The incidence of @entity16 was 3.8% for @entity5 with a diameter < 30 mm for both facial and trigeminal nerves. The hearing in 2 out of 15 cases with dysaudia began to improve 6 months after radiosurgery. The incidence of @entity16 for @entity5 with the diameter > 30 mm was 3.8% for both nerves 2 years after raadiosurgery. The preservation rate of useful hearing for @entity5 with the diameter < 20 mm was 100% after radiosurgery. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic radiosurgery using gamma knife with a dose of 12 approximately 15 Gy to the @entity5 margin succeeds in controlling @entity5513 and preserving useful hearing. The incidence of @entity16 are low. The @entity16 caused by gamma knife radiosurgery is sub-lethal and can be recovered gradually.

title: [Neuropathy in nearby cranial nerves after XXXX gamma knife radiosurgery, a follow-up study].

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['facial neuropathy', 'acoustic neuropathies', 'facial and trigeminal neuropathies', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'general tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic schwannoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of combination of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) with @entity205 ( @entity870 ) and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) on prophylaxes of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) in HLA-matched allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT). METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity3052 (n = 21) and @entity1860 (n = 17) and severe @entity2150 (n = 1) were treated with allo-PBSCT from HLA matched siblings (n = 36) or unrelated donors (n = 3). Twenty-six @entity1 were in @entity870 + @entity1500 group. @entity870 was given at a dosage of 2 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) by continuous intravenous injection for 24 h, since on day(-1) and injection of @entity870 was changed to oral administration of @entity870 around day 18. @entity870 was tapered by 10% per week after day + 90. @entity1500 was given at the dosage of 15 mg at day + 1, and 10 mg at day + 3, + 6 and + 11, respectively. Thirteen @entity1 were included in @entity2098 + @entity870 + @entity1500 group with the same dosage of @entity870 and @entity1500 as above but omitted at day + 11. @entity2098 of 2 g/day was added orally from day + 1 to day + 28 post transplantation. RESULTS: All @entity1 in both groups were successfully engrafted. The days of recovery of neutrophils and platelets were not significantly different between two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of @entity2132 in @entity2098 + @entity870 + @entity1500 group (7.6%) was significantly lower than that in @entity870 / @entity1500 group (46.2%, P < 0.05). Incidence of grade II approximately IV @entity2132 in @entity2098 group was 0 while that in control group was 23.0%. The incidence of severe @entity33 was lower in @entity2098 group (15.4%) than in the control group (30.8%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity2098 + @entity870 + @entity1500 for prevention of @entity2132 in allo-PBSCT is more efficient than that of @entity870 + @entity1500 , without adversely affecting the engraftment and relapse rate.

title: [Combination of @entity618 with @entity205 and XXXX for the prophylaxes of acute graft versus @entity2132 in allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation].

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of combination of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) with @entity205 ( @entity870 ) and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) on prophylaxes of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) in HLA-matched allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT). METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity3052 (n = 21) and @entity1860 (n = 17) and severe @entity2150 (n = 1) were treated with allo-PBSCT from HLA matched siblings (n = 36) or unrelated donors (n = 3). Twenty-six @entity1 were in @entity870 + @entity1500 group. @entity870 was given at a dosage of 2 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) by continuous intravenous injection for 24 h, since on day(-1) and injection of @entity870 was changed to oral administration of @entity870 around day 18. @entity870 was tapered by 10% per week after day + 90. @entity1500 was given at the dosage of 15 mg at day + 1, and 10 mg at day + 3, + 6 and + 11, respectively. Thirteen @entity1 were included in @entity2098 + @entity870 + @entity1500 group with the same dosage of @entity870 and @entity1500 as above but omitted at day + 11. @entity2098 of 2 g/day was added orally from day + 1 to day + 28 post transplantation. RESULTS: All @entity1 in both groups were successfully engrafted. The days of recovery of neutrophils and platelets were not significantly different between two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of @entity2132 in @entity2098 + @entity870 + @entity1500 group (7.6%) was significantly lower than that in @entity870 / @entity1500 group (46.2%, P < 0.05). Incidence of grade II approximately IV @entity2132 in @entity2098 group was 0 while that in control group was 23.0%. The incidence of severe @entity33 was lower in @entity2098 group (15.4%) than in the control group (30.8%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity2098 + @entity870 + @entity1500 for prevention of @entity2132 in allo-PBSCT is more efficient than that of @entity870 + @entity1500 , without adversely affecting the engraftment and relapse rate.

title: [Combination of @entity618 with XXXX and @entity1499 for the prophylaxes of acute graft versus @entity2132 in allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation].

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of combination of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) with @entity205 ( @entity870 ) and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) on prophylaxes of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) in HLA-matched allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT). METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity3052 (n = 21) and @entity1860 (n = 17) and severe @entity2150 (n = 1) were treated with allo-PBSCT from HLA matched siblings (n = 36) or unrelated donors (n = 3). Twenty-six @entity1 were in @entity870 + @entity1500 group. @entity870 was given at a dosage of 2 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) by continuous intravenous injection for 24 h, since on day(-1) and injection of @entity870 was changed to oral administration of @entity870 around day 18. @entity870 was tapered by 10% per week after day + 90. @entity1500 was given at the dosage of 15 mg at day + 1, and 10 mg at day + 3, + 6 and + 11, respectively. Thirteen @entity1 were included in @entity2098 + @entity870 + @entity1500 group with the same dosage of @entity870 and @entity1500 as above but omitted at day + 11. @entity2098 of 2 g/day was added orally from day + 1 to day + 28 post transplantation. RESULTS: All @entity1 in both groups were successfully engrafted. The days of recovery of neutrophils and platelets were not significantly different between two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of @entity2132 in @entity2098 + @entity870 + @entity1500 group (7.6%) was significantly lower than that in @entity870 / @entity1500 group (46.2%, P < 0.05). Incidence of grade II approximately IV @entity2132 in @entity2098 group was 0 while that in control group was 23.0%. The incidence of severe @entity33 was lower in @entity2098 group (15.4%) than in the control group (30.8%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity2098 + @entity870 + @entity1500 for prevention of @entity2132 in allo-PBSCT is more efficient than that of @entity870 + @entity1500 , without adversely affecting the engraftment and relapse rate.

title: [Combination of @entity618 with @entity205 and @entity1499 for the prophylaxes of acute graft versus XXXX in allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation].

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['host disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of combination of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) with @entity205 ( @entity870 ) and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) on prophylaxes of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) in HLA-matched allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT). METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity3052 (n = 21) and @entity1860 (n = 17) and severe @entity2150 (n = 1) were treated with allo-PBSCT from HLA matched siblings (n = 36) or unrelated donors (n = 3). Twenty-six @entity1 were in @entity870 + @entity1500 group. @entity870 was given at a dosage of 2 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) by continuous intravenous injection for 24 h, since on day(-1) and injection of @entity870 was changed to oral administration of @entity870 around day 18. @entity870 was tapered by 10% per week after day + 90. @entity1500 was given at the dosage of 15 mg at day + 1, and 10 mg at day + 3, + 6 and + 11, respectively. Thirteen @entity1 were included in @entity2098 + @entity870 + @entity1500 group with the same dosage of @entity870 and @entity1500 as above but omitted at day + 11. @entity2098 of 2 g/day was added orally from day + 1 to day + 28 post transplantation. RESULTS: All @entity1 in both groups were successfully engrafted. The days of recovery of neutrophils and platelets were not significantly different between two groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of @entity2132 in @entity2098 + @entity870 + @entity1500 group (7.6%) was significantly lower than that in @entity870 / @entity1500 group (46.2%, P < 0.05). Incidence of grade II approximately IV @entity2132 in @entity2098 group was 0 while that in control group was 23.0%. The incidence of severe @entity33 was lower in @entity2098 group (15.4%) than in the control group (30.8%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity2098 + @entity870 + @entity1500 for prevention of @entity2132 in allo-PBSCT is more efficient than that of @entity870 + @entity1500 , without adversely affecting the engraftment and relapse rate.

title: [Combination of XXXX with @entity205 and @entity1499 for the prophylaxes of acute graft versus @entity2132 in allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation].

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of @entity63 preconditioning (IPC) for hepatic resection under hepatic blood inflow occlusion (HBIO) in @entity157 @entity1 with @entity82 and its possible mechanism. METHODS: 29 consecutive @entity1 resectable @entity157 were randomized into two groups. @entity5524 group: before HBIO, IPC with 5 min of @entity63 and 5 min of reperfusion was given; control group: simple HBIO. The liver function, hepatic @entity522 activity, and apoptotic cell were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The @entity6571 , ALT levels of @entity773 , POD 3 and POD 7 in the IPC group were significantly higher than those of the control group, respectively (t = 4.238, P < 0.05). The TBIL levels of POD 3 and POD 7 in the IPC group were significantly higher than those of the control group, respectively (t = 2.296, P < 0.05). The @entity2313 of @entity773 in the IPC group was higher than in the control group (t = 2.029, P > 0.05). After 1 h of reperfusion, the hepatic @entity522 activity and apoptotic sinusoidal endothelial cell were significantly higher than those of in the control group (t = 2.349, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IPC has the a protective effect in hepatic resection under HBIO in @entity157 @entity1 with @entity82 . Its mechanism is that sinusoidal endothelial cell apoptosis is inhibited by inhibiting @entity522 activity.

title: [The protective effect and mechanism of @entity63 preconditioning for hepatic resection under hepatic blood inflow occlusion in XXXX @entity1 with @entity82 ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of @entity63 preconditioning (IPC) for hepatic resection under hepatic blood inflow occlusion (HBIO) in @entity157 @entity1 with @entity82 and its possible mechanism. METHODS: 29 consecutive @entity1 resectable @entity157 were randomized into two groups. @entity5524 group: before HBIO, IPC with 5 min of @entity63 and 5 min of reperfusion was given; control group: simple HBIO. The liver function, hepatic @entity522 activity, and apoptotic cell were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The @entity6571 , ALT levels of @entity773 , POD 3 and POD 7 in the IPC group were significantly higher than those of the control group, respectively (t = 4.238, P < 0.05). The TBIL levels of POD 3 and POD 7 in the IPC group were significantly higher than those of the control group, respectively (t = 2.296, P < 0.05). The @entity2313 of @entity773 in the IPC group was higher than in the control group (t = 2.029, P > 0.05). After 1 h of reperfusion, the hepatic @entity522 activity and apoptotic sinusoidal endothelial cell were significantly higher than those of in the control group (t = 2.349, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IPC has the a protective effect in hepatic resection under HBIO in @entity157 @entity1 with @entity82 . Its mechanism is that sinusoidal endothelial cell apoptosis is inhibited by inhibiting @entity522 activity.

title: [The protective effect and mechanism of @entity63 preconditioning for hepatic resection under hepatic blood inflow occlusion in @entity157 @entity1 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of @entity63 preconditioning (IPC) for hepatic resection under hepatic blood inflow occlusion (HBIO) in @entity157 @entity1 with @entity82 and its possible mechanism. METHODS: 29 consecutive @entity1 resectable @entity157 were randomized into two groups. @entity5524 group: before HBIO, IPC with 5 min of @entity63 and 5 min of reperfusion was given; control group: simple HBIO. The liver function, hepatic @entity522 activity, and apoptotic cell were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The @entity6571 , ALT levels of @entity773 , POD 3 and POD 7 in the IPC group were significantly higher than those of the control group, respectively (t = 4.238, P < 0.05). The TBIL levels of POD 3 and POD 7 in the IPC group were significantly higher than those of the control group, respectively (t = 2.296, P < 0.05). The @entity2313 of @entity773 in the IPC group was higher than in the control group (t = 2.029, P > 0.05). After 1 h of reperfusion, the hepatic @entity522 activity and apoptotic sinusoidal endothelial cell were significantly higher than those of in the control group (t = 2.349, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IPC has the a protective effect in hepatic resection under HBIO in @entity157 @entity1 with @entity82 . Its mechanism is that sinusoidal endothelial cell apoptosis is inhibited by inhibiting @entity522 activity.

title: [The protective effect and mechanism of XXXX preconditioning for hepatic resection under hepatic blood inflow occlusion in @entity157 @entity1 with @entity82 ].

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of @entity63 preconditioning (IPC) for hepatic resection under hepatic blood inflow occlusion (HBIO) in @entity157 @entity1 with @entity82 and its possible mechanism. METHODS: 29 consecutive @entity1 resectable @entity157 were randomized into two groups. @entity5524 group: before HBIO, IPC with 5 min of @entity63 and 5 min of reperfusion was given; control group: simple HBIO. The liver function, hepatic @entity522 activity, and apoptotic cell were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The @entity6571 , ALT levels of @entity773 , POD 3 and POD 7 in the IPC group were significantly higher than those of the control group, respectively (t = 4.238, P < 0.05). The TBIL levels of POD 3 and POD 7 in the IPC group were significantly higher than those of the control group, respectively (t = 2.296, P < 0.05). The @entity2313 of @entity773 in the IPC group was higher than in the control group (t = 2.029, P > 0.05). After 1 h of reperfusion, the hepatic @entity522 activity and apoptotic sinusoidal endothelial cell were significantly higher than those of in the control group (t = 2.349, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IPC has the a protective effect in hepatic resection under HBIO in @entity157 @entity1 with @entity82 . Its mechanism is that sinusoidal endothelial cell apoptosis is inhibited by inhibiting @entity522 activity.

title: [The protective effect and mechanism of @entity63 preconditioning for hepatic resection under hepatic blood inflow occlusion in @entity157 XXXX with @entity82 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with spinal cord @entity2477 . METHODS: Clinical data on 23 @entity1 with intramedually cavernous @entity2695 were analyzed. The function of the spinal cord was evaluated before and after treatment using the Aminoff _ Logue scale. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent resection of spinal cord @entity2477 except two @entity1 who refused surgical treatment. Complete removal was achieved in 18 @entity1 , and subtotal removal in 3. Twenty-one @entity1 with spinal @entity2477 were confirmed pathologically. The postoperative neurological status was improved in 15 @entity1 , remained unchanged in 4, and aggravated in 2. No @entity204 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: MRI is specific in diagnosis of intramedually @entity2477 . The outcome of surgical treatment is better. Surgical treatment is suitable for @entity1 with symptoms.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous angioma']

answer: @entity2477 :: (MESH:D006392,Disease) :: ['cavernous angioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The management of refractory @entity792 in childhood is challenging due to the lack of established evidence on escalating treatments. The long-term efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs was evaluated in @entity1 with refractory @entity792 referred to the Haematology Unit of the Gaslini @entity1 's Hospital between 2001 and 2014. @entity1 were grouped into three categories: @entity8782 ( @entity8782 ), @entity8782 (at least one absolute/primary additional criterion for @entity8782 ) and primary @entity792 (PAC, @entity1503 with no other immunological symptoms/signs). Fifty-eight @entity1 (aged 1-16  years) entered the study: 12 were categorized with @entity8782 , 24 were @entity8782 -related and 22 had PAC. Five didn't receive treatment. Fifty-three were initially treated with @entity230 /intravenous immunoglobulin. Fourteen responded, whereas 39 did not. Of these 39 @entity1 , 34 (87%) received @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) as second/further-line treatment and 22 (65%) responded. Within these 34 subjects, @entity8782 @entity1 responded better (11/11, 100%) than the two other groups pooled together (11/23, 48%; P  =  0  002). @entity3446 was given as second/further-line treatment to 16 @entity1 , and 12 (75%) responded, including 8 who previously failed @entity2098 therapy. Median follow-up was 3  46  years. @entity2098 and @entity3446 were well-tolerated and enabled partial/complete and sustained remission in most @entity1 . These drugs may be successfully and safely used in @entity1 with refractory @entity792 with or without @entity8782 / @entity8782 and may represent a valid second/further line option.

title: @entity618 and @entity3446 as second or further line treatment in @entity1 with chronic refractory Primitive or Secondary XXXX : a single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity8782 :: ('MESH:D056735', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome', 'ALPS-related syndrome', 'ALPS', 'ALPS-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune cytopenia', 'autoimmune cytopenias']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune Cytopenias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The management of refractory @entity792 in childhood is challenging due to the lack of established evidence on escalating treatments. The long-term efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs was evaluated in @entity1 with refractory @entity792 referred to the Haematology Unit of the Gaslini @entity1 's Hospital between 2001 and 2014. @entity1 were grouped into three categories: @entity8782 ( @entity8782 ), @entity8782 (at least one absolute/primary additional criterion for @entity8782 ) and primary @entity792 (PAC, @entity1503 with no other immunological symptoms/signs). Fifty-eight @entity1 (aged 1-16  years) entered the study: 12 were categorized with @entity8782 , 24 were @entity8782 -related and 22 had PAC. Five didn't receive treatment. Fifty-three were initially treated with @entity230 /intravenous immunoglobulin. Fourteen responded, whereas 39 did not. Of these 39 @entity1 , 34 (87%) received @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) as second/further-line treatment and 22 (65%) responded. Within these 34 subjects, @entity8782 @entity1 responded better (11/11, 100%) than the two other groups pooled together (11/23, 48%; P  =  0  002). @entity3446 was given as second/further-line treatment to 16 @entity1 , and 12 (75%) responded, including 8 who previously failed @entity2098 therapy. Median follow-up was 3  46  years. @entity2098 and @entity3446 were well-tolerated and enabled partial/complete and sustained remission in most @entity1 . These drugs may be successfully and safely used in @entity1 with refractory @entity792 with or without @entity8782 / @entity8782 and may represent a valid second/further line option.

title: @entity618 and XXXX as second or further line treatment in @entity1 with chronic refractory Primitive or Secondary @entity792 : a single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Sirolimus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The management of refractory @entity792 in childhood is challenging due to the lack of established evidence on escalating treatments. The long-term efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs was evaluated in @entity1 with refractory @entity792 referred to the Haematology Unit of the Gaslini @entity1 's Hospital between 2001 and 2014. @entity1 were grouped into three categories: @entity8782 ( @entity8782 ), @entity8782 (at least one absolute/primary additional criterion for @entity8782 ) and primary @entity792 (PAC, @entity1503 with no other immunological symptoms/signs). Fifty-eight @entity1 (aged 1-16  years) entered the study: 12 were categorized with @entity8782 , 24 were @entity8782 -related and 22 had PAC. Five didn't receive treatment. Fifty-three were initially treated with @entity230 /intravenous immunoglobulin. Fourteen responded, whereas 39 did not. Of these 39 @entity1 , 34 (87%) received @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) as second/further-line treatment and 22 (65%) responded. Within these 34 subjects, @entity8782 @entity1 responded better (11/11, 100%) than the two other groups pooled together (11/23, 48%; P  =  0  002). @entity3446 was given as second/further-line treatment to 16 @entity1 , and 12 (75%) responded, including 8 who previously failed @entity2098 therapy. Median follow-up was 3  46  years. @entity2098 and @entity3446 were well-tolerated and enabled partial/complete and sustained remission in most @entity1 . These drugs may be successfully and safely used in @entity1 with refractory @entity792 with or without @entity8782 / @entity8782 and may represent a valid second/further line option.

title: XXXX and @entity3446 as second or further line treatment in @entity1 with chronic refractory Primitive or Secondary @entity792 : a single centre experience.

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['Mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The management of refractory @entity792 in childhood is challenging due to the lack of established evidence on escalating treatments. The long-term efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs was evaluated in @entity1 with refractory @entity792 referred to the Haematology Unit of the Gaslini @entity1 's Hospital between 2001 and 2014. @entity1 were grouped into three categories: @entity8782 ( @entity8782 ), @entity8782 (at least one absolute/primary additional criterion for @entity8782 ) and primary @entity792 (PAC, @entity1503 with no other immunological symptoms/signs). Fifty-eight @entity1 (aged 1-16  years) entered the study: 12 were categorized with @entity8782 , 24 were @entity8782 -related and 22 had PAC. Five didn't receive treatment. Fifty-three were initially treated with @entity230 /intravenous immunoglobulin. Fourteen responded, whereas 39 did not. Of these 39 @entity1 , 34 (87%) received @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) as second/further-line treatment and 22 (65%) responded. Within these 34 subjects, @entity8782 @entity1 responded better (11/11, 100%) than the two other groups pooled together (11/23, 48%; P  =  0  002). @entity3446 was given as second/further-line treatment to 16 @entity1 , and 12 (75%) responded, including 8 who previously failed @entity2098 therapy. Median follow-up was 3  46  years. @entity2098 and @entity3446 were well-tolerated and enabled partial/complete and sustained remission in most @entity1 . These drugs may be successfully and safely used in @entity1 with refractory @entity792 with or without @entity8782 / @entity8782 and may represent a valid second/further line option.

title: @entity618 and @entity3446 as second or further line treatment in XXXX with chronic refractory Primitive or Secondary @entity792 : a single centre experience.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been a lack of investigations examining the effects of @entity4044 extract @entity12689 on mental functions and quality of life in healthy subjects with no @entity73 . Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the relatively short-term (i.e., 4 weeks) effects of @entity12689 on mental functioning and quality of life in healthy volunteers. METHODS: The trial was conducted as a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, monocentric study. Sixty six healthy volunteers aged between 50 and 65 years without age-associated @entity73 were randomized, 32 into the placebo and 34 into the @entity12689 -treatment group (240 mg, t.i.d.). Safety and compliance were monitored after 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks. Primary outcome measures in this study are the subjects' judgment of their own @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), their general health (GH) and their quality of life (QoL) operationalized on the basis of three different visual analog scales (VAS). Secondary outcome measures are 15 tests and experimental procedures based on a neurobiologically based classification or taxonomy of functions. RESULTS: Intergroup differences in self-estimated @entity1032 as well as self-estimated quality of life were significant in favor of @entity12689 . No intergroup differences were found in self-estimated general health. Secondary outcomes supporting the notion of superiority of the active drug were found for both motor performance and emotional evaluation. This study did not reveal evidence of unknown drug-induced side effects or intolerance. No serious adverse events were observed during the study. CONCLUSIONS: Both questions treated in this study, efficacy and safety, are important from a medical perspective because many @entity1 take the agent studied in an effort to enhance their mental functioning and general well-being. The findings of this study support the adequacy of intake of @entity12689 to improve the functions indicated previously.

title: Effects of XXXX on mental functioning in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo biloba']

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Species) :: ['Ginkgo biloba']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Immune function changes with ageing and is influenced by physical activity (strength training, ST) and diet (fish oil, FO). The present study investigated the effect of FO and ST on the immune system of elderly @entity1 . Forty-five @entity1 (64 (sd 1  4) years) were assigned to ST for 90  d (ST; n 15), ST plus 2  g/d FO for 90  d ( @entity70549 ; n 15) or 2  g/d FO for 60  d followed by ST plus FO for 90  d (ST150; n 15). Training was performed three times per week, for 12 weeks. A number of innate (zymosan phagocytosis, lysosomal volume, @entity224 anion, @entity2625 of @entity3884 ) and adaptive (cluster of differentiation 4 ( @entity404 ), @entity405 , @entity310 , @entity379 ( @entity379 ), @entity1199 , @entity650 and @entity688 produced by lymphocytes) immune parameters were assessed before supplementation (base), before (pre-) and after (post-) training. ST induced no immune changes. FO supplementation caused increased phagocytosis (48  %), lysosomal volume (100  %) and the production of @entity224 anion (32  %) and @entity5568 (70  %) in the @entity70549 . Additional FO supplementation (ST150) caused no additive influence on the immune system, as ST150 and @entity70549 did not differ, but caused greater changes when compared to the ST (P<  0  05). FO increased @entity404 + and @entity405 + lymphocytes in the ST150, which remained unchanged when training was introduced. The combination of ST and FO reduced @entity310 in the ST150 from base to post-test. FO supplementation (ST150, base-pre) when combined with exercise (ST150, pre-post) increased @entity379 , @entity1199 , @entity650 and @entity688 production. The immune parameters improved in response to FO supplementation; however, ST alone did not enhance the immune system.

title: Influence of fish oil supplementation and strength training on some functional aspects of immune cells in healthy elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity3930 is an increasingly important health problem. It is known that sex @entity134 hormones play an important role in regulating bone turnover and bone mass in males as well as in females. However, the exact mechanism of @entity604 in @entity1 remains unknown. In the present study, 200 elderly @entity1 (age range, 55-85 yr) were followed for 4 yr to evaluate the relationships between hormone levels, bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and rates of @entity604 . Femoral and lumbar bone mineral density, bone ultrasound parameters at the os calcis, serum @entity251 (T), serum @entity53 ( @entity10819 ), @entity443 levels, and bone turnover markers (urinary crosslaps and bone alkaline phosphatase) were evaluated for each @entity1 at enrollment and 4 yr afterward. The free @entity342 index (FAI) and free @entity172 index (FEI) as well as measures of the bioavailable sex hormones [calculated bioavailable @entity10819 (c-bioE(2)) and T (c-bioT)] were calculated from total hormone levels and @entity443 . In the total population, T, c-bioT, c-bioE(2), FAI, and FEI, but not @entity10819 , decreased significantly with age, whereas @entity443 increased significantly. Subjects with FEI, c-bioE(2), and @entity10819 levels below the median showed higher rates of @entity604 at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck as well as higher speed-of-sounds decrease at the calcaneus with respect to @entity1 with FEI, c-bioE(2), and @entity10819 levels above the median. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase and urinary crosslaps were significantly higher in @entity1 with FEI, c-bioE(2), and @entity10819 in the lower quartile than in @entity1 with FEI, c-bioE(2), and @entity10819 levels in the higher quartile. No statistically significant differences were observed in relation to T, c-bioT, or FAI levels. Finally, the ratio between @entity10819 and T, an indirect measure for aromatase activity, increased significantly with age and was higher in normal than in osteoporotic subjects. In conclusion, results from the present study indicate an important role of @entity172 , and particularly of the ability to aromatize T to @entity10819 , in the regulation of @entity2331 in elderly @entity1 .

title: Longitudinal association between sex hormone levels, XXXX , and bone turnover in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['Male osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss and bone metabolism']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: @entity3930 is an increasingly important health problem. It is known that sex @entity134 hormones play an important role in regulating bone turnover and bone mass in males as well as in females. However, the exact mechanism of @entity604 in @entity1 remains unknown. In the present study, 200 elderly @entity1 (age range, 55-85 yr) were followed for 4 yr to evaluate the relationships between hormone levels, bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and rates of @entity604 . Femoral and lumbar bone mineral density, bone ultrasound parameters at the os calcis, serum @entity251 (T), serum @entity53 ( @entity10819 ), @entity443 levels, and bone turnover markers (urinary crosslaps and bone alkaline phosphatase) were evaluated for each @entity1 at enrollment and 4 yr afterward. The free @entity342 index (FAI) and free @entity172 index (FEI) as well as measures of the bioavailable sex hormones [calculated bioavailable @entity10819 (c-bioE(2)) and T (c-bioT)] were calculated from total hormone levels and @entity443 . In the total population, T, c-bioT, c-bioE(2), FAI, and FEI, but not @entity10819 , decreased significantly with age, whereas @entity443 increased significantly. Subjects with FEI, c-bioE(2), and @entity10819 levels below the median showed higher rates of @entity604 at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck as well as higher speed-of-sounds decrease at the calcaneus with respect to @entity1 with FEI, c-bioE(2), and @entity10819 levels above the median. Serum bone alkaline phosphatase and urinary crosslaps were significantly higher in @entity1 with FEI, c-bioE(2), and @entity10819 in the lower quartile than in @entity1 with FEI, c-bioE(2), and @entity10819 levels in the higher quartile. No statistically significant differences were observed in relation to T, c-bioT, or FAI levels. Finally, the ratio between @entity10819 and T, an indirect measure for aromatase activity, increased significantly with age and was higher in normal than in osteoporotic subjects. In conclusion, results from the present study indicate an important role of @entity172 , and particularly of the ability to aromatize T to @entity10819 , in the regulation of @entity2331 in elderly @entity1 .

title: Longitudinal association between sex hormone levels, @entity604 , and bone turnover in elderly XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Injuries to the cauda equina of the spinal cord result in autonomic and motor @entity528 . We developed a rodent lumbosacral ventral root @entity130 model of @entity1971 to investigate the lesion effect in the spinal cord. We studied the retrograde effects of a unilateral L5-S2 ventral root @entity155 on efferent preganglionic parasympathetic neurons (PPNs) and pelvic motoneurons in the L6 and S1 segments at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively in the adult male @entity35 . We used Fluoro-Gold-prelabeling techniques, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative stereologic analysis to show an injury-induced progressive and parallel death of PPNs and motoneurons. At 6 weeks after injury, only 22% of PPNs and 16% of motoneurons remained. Furthermore, of the neurons that survived at 6 weeks, the soma volume was reduced by 25% in PPNs and 50% in motoneurons. @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) protein was expressed in only 30% of PPNs, but 80% of motoneurons remaining at 1 week postoperatively, suggesting early differential effects between these two neuronal types. However, all remaining PPNs and motoneurons were @entity4268 positive at 4 weeks postoperatively. Nuclear condensation and cleaved caspase-3 were detected in axotomized PPNs and motoneurons, suggesting apoptosis as a contributing mechanism of the @entity204 . We conclude that lumbosacral ventral root avulsions progressively deplete autonomic and motor neurons. The findings suggest that early neuroprotection will be an important consideration in future attempts of treating acute @entity1971 .

title: Autonomic and motor neuron death is progressive and parallel in a lumbosacral ventral root XXXX model of @entity1971 .

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina injuries', 'cauda equina injury']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neural death']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion injury']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: Injuries to the cauda equina of the spinal cord result in autonomic and motor @entity528 . We developed a rodent lumbosacral ventral root @entity130 model of @entity1971 to investigate the lesion effect in the spinal cord. We studied the retrograde effects of a unilateral L5-S2 ventral root @entity155 on efferent preganglionic parasympathetic neurons (PPNs) and pelvic motoneurons in the L6 and S1 segments at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively in the adult male @entity35 . We used Fluoro-Gold-prelabeling techniques, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative stereologic analysis to show an injury-induced progressive and parallel death of PPNs and motoneurons. At 6 weeks after injury, only 22% of PPNs and 16% of motoneurons remained. Furthermore, of the neurons that survived at 6 weeks, the soma volume was reduced by 25% in PPNs and 50% in motoneurons. @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) protein was expressed in only 30% of PPNs, but 80% of motoneurons remaining at 1 week postoperatively, suggesting early differential effects between these two neuronal types. However, all remaining PPNs and motoneurons were @entity4268 positive at 4 weeks postoperatively. Nuclear condensation and cleaved caspase-3 were detected in axotomized PPNs and motoneurons, suggesting apoptosis as a contributing mechanism of the @entity204 . We conclude that lumbosacral ventral root avulsions progressively deplete autonomic and motor neurons. The findings suggest that early neuroprotection will be an important consideration in future attempts of treating acute @entity1971 .

title: Autonomic and motor neuron death is progressive and parallel in a lumbosacral ventral root @entity155 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity1971 :: (MESH:D011128,Disease) :: ['cauda equina injury']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of @entity14680 (FF)/ @entity16137 (VI) - a fixed-dose combination of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and a long-acting b2 -agonist for the treatment of @entity565 and @entity1030 - after single and repeat administration in healthy Chinese subjects. DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-site, randomized, four-way crossover study. SETTING: The Clinical Pharmacological Research Centre at Peking Union Medical College Hospital [PUMCH]) in Beijing, China. SUBJECTS: Sixteen healthy, nonsmoking Chinese adults. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomized to receive FF/VI 50/25, 100/25, or 200/25   g, or placebo once/daily in the morning, delivered by the Ellipta dry powder inhaler, for 7 consecutive days. The subjects then received the other three treatments, with each treatment period separated by a 7-day washout period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The co-primary outcome measures reflected pharmacodynamic responses relating to recognized class effects of the two drug classes: reduced serum @entity701 level (ICSs), and increased Fridericia's corrected QT interval (QTcF) and reduced serum @entity972 level (long-acting b2 -agonists). Co-primary pharmacodynamic endpoints were 0-24-hour weighted mean serum @entity701 level on day 7 (cortisol0-24  hr, Day 7 ), and 0-4-hour weighted mean and maximum QTcF and weighted mean and minimum serum @entity972 level on days 1 and 7. @entity14680 and VI plasma concentrations, derived pharmacokinetic parameters, and safety were also assessed. Of the 16 subjects randomized, 15 completed the study. Reductions in @entity701 0-24  hour, Day 7 of 15% and 25% were observed with FF/VI 100/25 and 200/25   g, respectively, versus placebo. Minor increases (<  10  msec) in maximum QTcF on day 7 were seen with FF/VI 50/25 and 100/25   g but not with 200/25   g. Slight decreases in serum @entity972 level were only observed in subjects receiving FF/VI 50/25   g on day 1 and FF/VI 50/25 and 200/25   g on day 7. @entity14680 accumulation (day 7 vs day 1) for FF/VI 50/25-200/25   g ranged from 38 to 54% for maximum observed concentration and 63-71% for area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 4  hours. @entity14680 pharmacokinetics were less than dose proportional. The VI pharmacokinetic profiles were similar for all three FF/VI doses. Adverse events were all mild in intensity and were reported by 13 (81%) of the 16 subjects. CONCLUSION: In healthy Chinese subjects, minimal and non-clinically relevant b-adrenergic pharmacodynamic effects were observed with FF/VI doses ranging from 50/25 to 200/25   g. FF dose-dependent reductions in serum @entity701 levels of 15-25% were seen after administration of FF/VI 100/25 and 200/25   g. FF/VI was safe and well tolerated in these subjects at doses ranging from 50/25 to 200/25   g.

title: Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of @entity14680 / XXXX in Healthy Chinese Subjects.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity16137 :: ('MESH:C550468', 'Chemical') :: ['vilanterol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity14680 :: ('MESH:C523187', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone furoate', 'Fluticasone furoate']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity16137 :: (MESH:C550468,Chemical) :: ['Vilanterol']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of @entity14680 (FF)/ @entity16137 (VI) - a fixed-dose combination of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and a long-acting b2 -agonist for the treatment of @entity565 and @entity1030 - after single and repeat administration in healthy Chinese subjects. DESIGN: Double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-site, randomized, four-way crossover study. SETTING: The Clinical Pharmacological Research Centre at Peking Union Medical College Hospital [PUMCH]) in Beijing, China. SUBJECTS: Sixteen healthy, nonsmoking Chinese adults. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomized to receive FF/VI 50/25, 100/25, or 200/25   g, or placebo once/daily in the morning, delivered by the Ellipta dry powder inhaler, for 7 consecutive days. The subjects then received the other three treatments, with each treatment period separated by a 7-day washout period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The co-primary outcome measures reflected pharmacodynamic responses relating to recognized class effects of the two drug classes: reduced serum @entity701 level (ICSs), and increased Fridericia's corrected QT interval (QTcF) and reduced serum @entity972 level (long-acting b2 -agonists). Co-primary pharmacodynamic endpoints were 0-24-hour weighted mean serum @entity701 level on day 7 (cortisol0-24  hr, Day 7 ), and 0-4-hour weighted mean and maximum QTcF and weighted mean and minimum serum @entity972 level on days 1 and 7. @entity14680 and VI plasma concentrations, derived pharmacokinetic parameters, and safety were also assessed. Of the 16 subjects randomized, 15 completed the study. Reductions in @entity701 0-24  hour, Day 7 of 15% and 25% were observed with FF/VI 100/25 and 200/25   g, respectively, versus placebo. Minor increases (<  10  msec) in maximum QTcF on day 7 were seen with FF/VI 50/25 and 100/25   g but not with 200/25   g. Slight decreases in serum @entity972 level were only observed in subjects receiving FF/VI 50/25   g on day 1 and FF/VI 50/25 and 200/25   g on day 7. @entity14680 accumulation (day 7 vs day 1) for FF/VI 50/25-200/25   g ranged from 38 to 54% for maximum observed concentration and 63-71% for area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 4  hours. @entity14680 pharmacokinetics were less than dose proportional. The VI pharmacokinetic profiles were similar for all three FF/VI doses. Adverse events were all mild in intensity and were reported by 13 (81%) of the 16 subjects. CONCLUSION: In healthy Chinese subjects, minimal and non-clinically relevant b-adrenergic pharmacodynamic effects were observed with FF/VI doses ranging from 50/25 to 200/25   g. FF dose-dependent reductions in serum @entity701 levels of 15-25% were seen after administration of FF/VI 100/25 and 200/25   g. FF/VI was safe and well tolerated in these subjects at doses ranging from 50/25 to 200/25   g.

title: Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of XXXX / @entity16137 in Healthy Chinese Subjects.

answer: @entity14680 :: (MESH:C523187,Chemical) :: ['Fluticasone Furoate']


abstract: Ghrelin stimulates appetite and plays a role in the neuroendocrine response to energy balance variations. Ghrelin levels are inversely associated with body mass index (BMI), increased by fasting and decreased by food intake, @entity413 load, insulin, and @entity1943 . Ghrelin levels are reduced in @entity28 , a condition of hyperinsulinism, reduced GH secretion, and @entity774 hyperactivity. We studied the endocrine and metabolic response to acute ghrelin administration (1.0 microg/kg i.v.) in nine obese @entity1 [OB; BMI (mean +/- SD) 36.3 +/- 2.3 kg/m(2)] and seven normal @entity1 (NW; BMI 20.3 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2)). Basal ghrelin levels in NW were higher than in OB (P < 0.05). In NW, ghrelin increased (P < 0.05) GH, prolactin (PRL), ACTH, @entity701 , and @entity413 levels but did not modify insulin. In OB, ghrelin increased (P < 0.01) GH, PRL, ACTH, and @entity701 levels. The GH response to ghrelin in OB was 55% lower (P < 0.02) than in NW, whereas the PRL, ACTH, and @entity701 responses were similar. In OB, ghrelin increased @entity413 and reduced insulin (P < 0.05). Thus, @entity28 shows remarkable reduction of the somatotroph responsiveness to ghrelin, suggesting that ghrelin hyposecretion unlikely explains the @entity73 function in @entity28 . On the other hand, in @entity28 ghrelin shows preserved influence on PRL, ACTH, and insulin secretion as well as in @entity413 levels.

title: Neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of acute ghrelin administration in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of somatotroph']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Ghrelin stimulates appetite and plays a role in the neuroendocrine response to energy balance variations. Ghrelin levels are inversely associated with body mass index (BMI), increased by fasting and decreased by food intake, @entity413 load, insulin, and @entity1943 . Ghrelin levels are reduced in @entity28 , a condition of hyperinsulinism, reduced GH secretion, and @entity774 hyperactivity. We studied the endocrine and metabolic response to acute ghrelin administration (1.0 microg/kg i.v.) in nine obese @entity1 [OB; BMI (mean +/- SD) 36.3 +/- 2.3 kg/m(2)] and seven normal @entity1 (NW; BMI 20.3 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2)). Basal ghrelin levels in NW were higher than in OB (P < 0.05). In NW, ghrelin increased (P < 0.05) GH, prolactin (PRL), ACTH, @entity701 , and @entity413 levels but did not modify insulin. In OB, ghrelin increased (P < 0.01) GH, PRL, ACTH, and @entity701 levels. The GH response to ghrelin in OB was 55% lower (P < 0.02) than in NW, whereas the PRL, ACTH, and @entity701 responses were similar. In OB, ghrelin increased @entity413 and reduced insulin (P < 0.05). Thus, @entity28 shows remarkable reduction of the somatotroph responsiveness to ghrelin, suggesting that ghrelin hyposecretion unlikely explains the @entity73 function in @entity28 . On the other hand, in @entity28 ghrelin shows preserved influence on PRL, ACTH, and insulin secretion as well as in @entity413 levels.

title: Neuroendocrine and metabolic effects of acute ghrelin administration in XXXX @entity28 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Conformational changes occurring on the microsecond-millisecond time scale in basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) are investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The rczz CPMG experiment (Wang, C.; Grey, M. J.; Palmer, A. G. J. Biomol. NMR 2001, 21, 361-366) is used to record @entity13140 spin relaxation dispersion data, R(ex)(1/tau(cp)), in which 1/tau(cp) is the pulsing rate in the CPMG sequence, at two static magnetic fields, 11.7 and 14.1 T, and three temperatures, 280, 290, and 300 K. These data are used to characterize the kinetics and mechanism of chemical exchange line broadening of the backbone @entity13140 spins of @entity2569 14, Lys 15, @entity2569 38, and @entity534 39 in BPTI. Line broadening is found to result from two processes: the previously identified isomerization of the @entity2569 38 side chain between chi(1) rotamers (Otting, G.; Liepinsh, E.; W  thrich, K. Biochemistry 1993, 32, 3571-3582) and a previously uncharacterized process on a faster time scale. At 300 K, both processes contribute significantly to the relaxation dispersion for @entity2569 14 and an analytical expression for a linear three-site exchange model is used to analyze the data. At 280 K, isomerization of the @entity2569 38 side chain is negligibly slow and the faster process dominates the relaxation dispersion for all four spins. Global analysis of the temperature and static field dependence of R(ex)(1/tau(cp)) for @entity2569 14 and Lys 15 is used to determine the activation parameters and chemical shift changes for the previously uncharacterized chemical exchange process. Through an analysis of a database of chemical shifts, @entity13140 chemical shift changes for @entity2569 14 and Lys 15 are interpreted to result from a chi(1) rotamer transition of @entity2569 14 that converts the @entity2569 14- @entity2569 38 @entity1520 bond between right- and left-handed conformations. At 290 K, isomerization of @entity2569 14 occurs with a forward and reverse rate constant of 35 s(-1) and 2500 s(-1), respectively, a time scale more than 30-fold faster than the @entity2569 38 chi(1) isomerization. A comparison of the kinetics and thermodynamics for the transitions between the two alternative @entity2569 14- @entity2569 38 conformations highlights the factors that affect the contribution of @entity1520 bonds to protein stability.

title: XXXX bond isomerization in basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor: multisite chemical exchange quantified by CPMG relaxation dispersion and chemical shift modeling.

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity1520 :: (CHEBI:48343,Chemical) :: ['Disulfide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To  assess, in a prospective, observational study, the safety and efficacy of the addition of the neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist ( @entity9766 -RA) aprepitant to concomitant radiochemotherapy, for the prophylaxis of radiation therapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective observational study compared the antiemetic efficacy of an @entity9766 -RA (aprepitant), a @entity750 -RA, and @entity619 (aprepitant regimen) versus a @entity750 -RA and @entity619 (control regimen) in @entity1 receiving concomitant radiochemotherapy with @entity900 at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Germany. The primary endpoint was complete response in the overall phase, defined as no @entity391 and no use of rescue therapy in this period. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy with @entity900 were included in this study. Thirty-one @entity1 received the aprepitant regimen and 29 the control regimen. The overall complete response rates for cycles 1 and 2 were 75.9% and 64.5% for the aprepitant group and 60.7% and 54.2% for the control group, respectively. Although a 15.2% absolute difference was reached in cycle 1, a statistical significance was not detected (P=.22). Furthermore maximum @entity390 was 1.58      1.91 in the control group and 0.73      1.79 in the aprepitant group (P=.084); for the head-and-neck subset, 2.23      2.13 in the control group and 0.64      1.77 in the aprepitant group, respectively (P=.03). CONCLUSION: This is the first study of an @entity9766 -RA-containing antiemetic prophylaxis regimen in @entity1 receiving concomitant radiochemotherapy. Although the primary endpoint was not obtained, the absolute difference of 10% in efficacy was reached, which is defined as clinically meaningful for @entity1 by international guidelines groups. Randomized phase 3 studies are necessary to further define the potential role of an @entity9766 -RA in this setting.

title: Addition of the Neurokinin-1-Receptor Antagonist (RA) Aprepitant to a @entity750 -RA and @entity619 in the Prophylaxis of @entity390 and Vomiting Due to Radiation Therapy With Concomitant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To  assess, in a prospective, observational study, the safety and efficacy of the addition of the neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist ( @entity9766 -RA) aprepitant to concomitant radiochemotherapy, for the prophylaxis of radiation therapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective observational study compared the antiemetic efficacy of an @entity9766 -RA (aprepitant), a @entity750 -RA, and @entity619 (aprepitant regimen) versus a @entity750 -RA and @entity619 (control regimen) in @entity1 receiving concomitant radiochemotherapy with @entity900 at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Germany. The primary endpoint was complete response in the overall phase, defined as no @entity391 and no use of rescue therapy in this period. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy with @entity900 were included in this study. Thirty-one @entity1 received the aprepitant regimen and 29 the control regimen. The overall complete response rates for cycles 1 and 2 were 75.9% and 64.5% for the aprepitant group and 60.7% and 54.2% for the control group, respectively. Although a 15.2% absolute difference was reached in cycle 1, a statistical significance was not detected (P=.22). Furthermore maximum @entity390 was 1.58      1.91 in the control group and 0.73      1.79 in the aprepitant group (P=.084); for the head-and-neck subset, 2.23      2.13 in the control group and 0.64      1.77 in the aprepitant group, respectively (P=.03). CONCLUSION: This is the first study of an @entity9766 -RA-containing antiemetic prophylaxis regimen in @entity1 receiving concomitant radiochemotherapy. Although the primary endpoint was not obtained, the absolute difference of 10% in efficacy was reached, which is defined as clinically meaningful for @entity1 by international guidelines groups. Randomized phase 3 studies are necessary to further define the potential role of an @entity9766 -RA in this setting.

title: Addition of the Neurokinin-1-Receptor Antagonist (RA) Aprepitant to a @entity750 -RA and XXXX in the Prophylaxis of @entity390 and Vomiting Due to Radiation Therapy With Concomitant @entity900 .

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To  assess, in a prospective, observational study, the safety and efficacy of the addition of the neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist ( @entity9766 -RA) aprepitant to concomitant radiochemotherapy, for the prophylaxis of radiation therapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective observational study compared the antiemetic efficacy of an @entity9766 -RA (aprepitant), a @entity750 -RA, and @entity619 (aprepitant regimen) versus a @entity750 -RA and @entity619 (control regimen) in @entity1 receiving concomitant radiochemotherapy with @entity900 at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Germany. The primary endpoint was complete response in the overall phase, defined as no @entity391 and no use of rescue therapy in this period. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy with @entity900 were included in this study. Thirty-one @entity1 received the aprepitant regimen and 29 the control regimen. The overall complete response rates for cycles 1 and 2 were 75.9% and 64.5% for the aprepitant group and 60.7% and 54.2% for the control group, respectively. Although a 15.2% absolute difference was reached in cycle 1, a statistical significance was not detected (P=.22). Furthermore maximum @entity390 was 1.58      1.91 in the control group and 0.73      1.79 in the aprepitant group (P=.084); for the head-and-neck subset, 2.23      2.13 in the control group and 0.64      1.77 in the aprepitant group, respectively (P=.03). CONCLUSION: This is the first study of an @entity9766 -RA-containing antiemetic prophylaxis regimen in @entity1 receiving concomitant radiochemotherapy. Although the primary endpoint was not obtained, the absolute difference of 10% in efficacy was reached, which is defined as clinically meaningful for @entity1 by international guidelines groups. Randomized phase 3 studies are necessary to further define the potential role of an @entity9766 -RA in this setting.

title: Addition of the Neurokinin-1-Receptor Antagonist (RA) Aprepitant to a XXXX -RA and @entity619 in the Prophylaxis of @entity390 and Vomiting Due to Radiation Therapy With Concomitant @entity900 .

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-Hydroxytryptamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To  assess, in a prospective, observational study, the safety and efficacy of the addition of the neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist ( @entity9766 -RA) aprepitant to concomitant radiochemotherapy, for the prophylaxis of radiation therapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective observational study compared the antiemetic efficacy of an @entity9766 -RA (aprepitant), a @entity750 -RA, and @entity619 (aprepitant regimen) versus a @entity750 -RA and @entity619 (control regimen) in @entity1 receiving concomitant radiochemotherapy with @entity900 at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Germany. The primary endpoint was complete response in the overall phase, defined as no @entity391 and no use of rescue therapy in this period. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 treated with concomitant radiochemotherapy with @entity900 were included in this study. Thirty-one @entity1 received the aprepitant regimen and 29 the control regimen. The overall complete response rates for cycles 1 and 2 were 75.9% and 64.5% for the aprepitant group and 60.7% and 54.2% for the control group, respectively. Although a 15.2% absolute difference was reached in cycle 1, a statistical significance was not detected (P=.22). Furthermore maximum @entity390 was 1.58      1.91 in the control group and 0.73      1.79 in the aprepitant group (P=.084); for the head-and-neck subset, 2.23      2.13 in the control group and 0.64      1.77 in the aprepitant group, respectively (P=.03). CONCLUSION: This is the first study of an @entity9766 -RA-containing antiemetic prophylaxis regimen in @entity1 receiving concomitant radiochemotherapy. Although the primary endpoint was not obtained, the absolute difference of 10% in efficacy was reached, which is defined as clinically meaningful for @entity1 by international guidelines groups. Randomized phase 3 studies are necessary to further define the potential role of an @entity9766 -RA in this setting.

title: Addition of the Neurokinin-1-Receptor Antagonist (RA) Aprepitant to a @entity750 -RA and @entity619 in the Prophylaxis of XXXX and Vomiting Due to Radiation Therapy With Concomitant @entity900 .

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['Nausea']


abstract: This article describes the perceptual motor, educational and social outcome of early @entity1957 in a group of 17-18 year old Finnish adolescents who were originally evaluated at age 5. The study group consisted of 65 adolescents: 22 with significant motor problems (or @entity1957 , @entity13074 ), 23 with minor motor problems (intermediate group) and 20 controls. The goal of this study was to reassess the results obtained when they were age 15 and to determine whether the variables used earlier could still discriminate the adolescents at age 17. The results showed that at age 17 all perceptual motor tasks differentiated the three groups. The @entity13074 group performed less well than the control group on all tasks, with the intermediate group situated between these two. Discriminant function analyses showed that more classification errors occurred between the control and intermediate groups at age 17 than at age 15, suggesting that the distinction between these groups becomes more difficult with age. In the educational domain, similar to the findings at age 15, the adolescents with @entity13074 had the lowest WAIS scores and shortest school careers of the three groups. In the social domain, as found two years earlier, the @entity13074 group had the lowest perceptions of athletic and scholastic competence while the intermediate and control groups did not differ. In addition, the interview results indicated that the three groups were in different stages of identity development. In sum, the outcome at age 17 was a replication of the results obtained at age 15 and suggests two developmental paths for those with early perceptual motor problems: 'persistence' and 'catching up'.

title: Two distinct pathways for XXXX : persistence and resolution.

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['developmental coordination disorder', 'motor delay']

answer: @entity1957 :: (MESH:D019957,Disease) :: ['developmental coordination disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Vascular @entity600 involving the mandible and maxilla are uncommon, and no uniform treatment of these lesions has been defined. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treating @entity1462 with a multidisciplinary approach and emphasis on endovascular therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of @entity1 . METHODS: The treatment of 31 @entity1 (13 male and 18 female @entity1 ) with mandibular and/or @entity1462 presenting between 1979 to 2001 was reviewed. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (42%) presented with mandibular @entity1462 , and an equal number of @entity1 had @entity1462 . Five @entity1 had involvement of both the mandible and maxilla. Twenty-six @entity1 (84%) had adjacent soft tissue extension, whereas five @entity1 had a @entity1462 isolated either to the mandible (four cases) or maxilla (one case). Twenty-six cases consisted of @entity455 , and five @entity1 had venous and capillary types. Twenty-five @entity1 (81%) were treated with embolization only, whereas six @entity1 (19%) underwent combined embolization and surgical resection. "Cure" was defined as the complete eradication of disease or permanent resolution of symptoms with complete devascularization by embolization. The cure rates were 70% for mandibular @entity600 and 46% for maxillary lesions. None of the combined maxillary/mandibular lesions were cured, but all achieved improvement or stabilization of symptoms. The follow-up range was 1 to 22 years with an average follow-up of 6.7 years. CONCLUSION: The location and extent of @entity1462 dictate the treatment and resulting success. Endovascular therapy alone can effectively "cure" most mandibular and @entity1462 with limited soft tissue involvement. Extensive @entity1462 can be stabilized with control of symptoms, but eradication of the @entity1462 is unlikely even with combined surgery and embolization.

title: XXXX of the mandible and maxilla.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial vascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations', 'maxillary vascular malformations', 'vascular malformation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['Management of vascular malformations']


abstract: PURPOSE: Thyroid hormone is essential for normal development, growth, and function of the majority of tissues. Among the many clinical signs associated with @entity1375 , alterations in the voice may occur even in cases of mild @entity1374 , suggesting that the larynx is a target tissue for thyroid hormone. The objective of our study is to further understand the effects of thyroid hormone on the larynx by first identifying the presence and locations of its receptors. METHODS: Two @entity1 cadaveric larynges (one male and one female) were harvested, @entity406 -fixed, and @entity982 -embedded. Sections were immunostained with antibodies reactive with the two identified thyroid hormone receptors, @entity22910 and @entity11112 . The slides were examined under light microscopy. RESULTS: Both male and female specimens revealed consistent patterns of staining for thyroid hormone receptors. The staining pattern for @entity22910 included the fibrous connective tissue of the lamina propria, the cartilage, and the glandular elements. The staining pattern for @entity11112 included the fibrous connective tissue of the lamina propria only. No receptors were identified in the respiratory mucosa or muscle. CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid hormone receptors are present in both the male and the female @entity1 larynx. These findings imply a role for thyroid hormone within the @entity1 larynx, through both @entity22910 and @entity11112 .

title: Identification of thyroid hormone receptors in the XXXX larynx.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objectives were to correlate audiometric thresholds with radiological findings and to determine the prevalence of @entity389 in @entity1 with @entity393 and @entity10244 . STUDY DESIGN: The study was a retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity10244 identified in a pediatric hearing-impaired population and @entity1 genetics clinic. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity10244 were identified. Eighty-nine @entity1 without @entity1274 served as control subjects. Clinical data, audiometric thresholds, and radiographic temporal bone measurements in these @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were identified with @entity393 and @entity10244 . Four @entity1 had @entity10244 , and three @entity1 had @entity62830 . The overall prevalence of @entity393 in the total study population with @entity10244 was 78%. The mean pure-tone average was 99 dB. All of the @entity1 had @entity1274 . The hearing outcome was stable in 86% of the @entity1 . Twelve temporal bones were available for radiological analysis by computed tomography. Enlargement of the @entity8468 was found in 50% of the CT scans. There was a significant difference in measurements of @entity8468 width at the midpoint between the @entity1 with @entity10244 and the control group (P <.05). There were also significant differences in the measurements of the vestibule (P =.0484), internal auditory canal (P =.0092), and modiolus (P =.0045) between the @entity1 with @entity10244 and the control group. CONCLUSION: A profound @entity1274 was characteristic of the study population with @entity10244 . Overall, 100% of @entity1 with @entity393 and @entity10244 had @entity79 on at least one measurement of their inner ear, and 50% had an @entity15902 at the midpoint. As shown by computed tomography, @entity15902 and the upper vestibule, narrowing of the internal auditory canal porus, and @entity509 of the modiolus are features of @entity10244 .

title: @entity79 associated with XXXX in @entity10244 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10244 :: ('MESH:D014849', 'Disease') :: ['Waardenburg syndrome type 1', 'Waardenburg syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8468 :: ('OMIM:600791', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular aqueduct']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['temporal bone anomalies']

entities_list: @entity15902 :: ('MESH:C566366', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of the vestibular aqueduct']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear radiological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity62830 :: ('MESH:C536463', 'Disease') :: ['Waardenburg syndrome type 2']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objectives were to correlate audiometric thresholds with radiological findings and to determine the prevalence of @entity389 in @entity1 with @entity393 and @entity10244 . STUDY DESIGN: The study was a retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity10244 identified in a pediatric hearing-impaired population and @entity1 genetics clinic. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity10244 were identified. Eighty-nine @entity1 without @entity1274 served as control subjects. Clinical data, audiometric thresholds, and radiographic temporal bone measurements in these @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were identified with @entity393 and @entity10244 . Four @entity1 had @entity10244 , and three @entity1 had @entity62830 . The overall prevalence of @entity393 in the total study population with @entity10244 was 78%. The mean pure-tone average was 99 dB. All of the @entity1 had @entity1274 . The hearing outcome was stable in 86% of the @entity1 . Twelve temporal bones were available for radiological analysis by computed tomography. Enlargement of the @entity8468 was found in 50% of the CT scans. There was a significant difference in measurements of @entity8468 width at the midpoint between the @entity1 with @entity10244 and the control group (P <.05). There were also significant differences in the measurements of the vestibule (P =.0484), internal auditory canal (P =.0092), and modiolus (P =.0045) between the @entity1 with @entity10244 and the control group. CONCLUSION: A profound @entity1274 was characteristic of the study population with @entity10244 . Overall, 100% of @entity1 with @entity393 and @entity10244 had @entity79 on at least one measurement of their inner ear, and 50% had an @entity15902 at the midpoint. As shown by computed tomography, @entity15902 and the upper vestibule, narrowing of the internal auditory canal porus, and @entity509 of the modiolus are features of @entity10244 .

title: @entity79 associated with @entity393 in XXXX .

answer: @entity10244 :: (MESH:D014849,Disease) :: ['Waardenburg syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objectives were to correlate audiometric thresholds with radiological findings and to determine the prevalence of @entity389 in @entity1 with @entity393 and @entity10244 . STUDY DESIGN: The study was a retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity10244 identified in a pediatric hearing-impaired population and @entity1 genetics clinic. METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity10244 were identified. Eighty-nine @entity1 without @entity1274 served as control subjects. Clinical data, audiometric thresholds, and radiographic temporal bone measurements in these @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were identified with @entity393 and @entity10244 . Four @entity1 had @entity10244 , and three @entity1 had @entity62830 . The overall prevalence of @entity393 in the total study population with @entity10244 was 78%. The mean pure-tone average was 99 dB. All of the @entity1 had @entity1274 . The hearing outcome was stable in 86% of the @entity1 . Twelve temporal bones were available for radiological analysis by computed tomography. Enlargement of the @entity8468 was found in 50% of the CT scans. There was a significant difference in measurements of @entity8468 width at the midpoint between the @entity1 with @entity10244 and the control group (P <.05). There were also significant differences in the measurements of the vestibule (P =.0484), internal auditory canal (P =.0092), and modiolus (P =.0045) between the @entity1 with @entity10244 and the control group. CONCLUSION: A profound @entity1274 was characteristic of the study population with @entity10244 . Overall, 100% of @entity1 with @entity393 and @entity10244 had @entity79 on at least one measurement of their inner ear, and 50% had an @entity15902 at the midpoint. As shown by computed tomography, @entity15902 and the upper vestibule, narrowing of the internal auditory canal porus, and @entity509 of the modiolus are features of @entity10244 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity393 in @entity10244 .

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['Temporal bone abnormalities']