abstract: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Pediatric out @entity1 Department (OPD) of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) from March 2014 to August 2014 to assess the knowledge and practices of the mothers in acute @entity66 in @entity1 under-five years of age regarding use of oral rehydration solution (ORS), @entity219 , other drugs and feeding practices. Four hundred @entity1 under-five years of age having acute @entity294 were included in the study by systematic random sampling. A structured, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from mothers of @entity1 having @entity66 . ORS was offered by 360(90.00%) of the mothers. Out of which 279(77.50%) used it by their own knowledge. One hundred and ninety-one (53.06%) mothers prepared it correctly, while 169(46.94%) prepared it incorrectly. Of 169, 129(35.83%) mothers used less amount of water, while 40(11.11%) mothers used much amount of water to prepare ORS. Of 360 mothers, 89(24.72%) mixed part of the content of ORS sachet at a time. Of 360 mothers, only 55(15.28%) offered correct amount of ORS after each purging. @entity219 was offered in 142(35.50%) @entity1 . Of 400, only 13(3.25%) mothers used recommended home-based fluid, while 70(17.50%) mothers offered increased amount of fluid to their @entity1 . Drugs other than @entity219 and ORS were used in 247(61.75%) @entity1 . Among drugs, other than @entity219 and ORS, antibiotics was used in 109(44.13%) cases, whereas antiprotozoal in 97(39.27%) cases. Amount of liquid given was more than usual in 70(17.50%) @entity1 , same as usual in 57(14.25%) @entity1 and less than usual in 273(68.25%) @entity1 . Amount of food given was same as usual in 59(14.75%) @entity1 , while less than usual in 341(85.25%) @entity1 . Control of @entity66 programme is successful in introducing ORS at mass level. Great emphasis is needed to educate mothers about preparation and quantity of ORS to be given to @entity1 with @entity66 .

title: Knowledge and practices of mothers on childhood XXXX and its management attended at a tertiary hospital in bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoeal diseases']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: @entity195 of the first dorsal compartment of the wrist, is a common wrist pathology, @entity158 results from resisted gliding of the abductor pollicis longus and the extensor pollicis brevis tendon in the fibroosseous canal. Management of resistant cases of @entity195 with failed conservative treatment treated by surgical decompression yield satisfactory outcomes. A large number of @entity1 being dissatisfied with the medical treatment, still present with persistent @entity158 and positive clinical finding. Surgical decompression is an effective method for the treatment of resistant cases of @entity195 . Outcome variables were measured by Scheller, Forget and Macey evaluation criteria. Most of our @entity1 were female 28(93.3%), housewife 17(56.7%) with mean age of 41.57 years, ranging from 25-60 years. Right sided involvement was 20(66.7%) and Left sided involvement was 10(33.3%). Restricted movement of thumb in 30(100%) were the predominant symptoms. One (3.3%) @entity1 develop chronic @entity2762 , 1(3.3%) @entity1 develop @entity2805 . There was no wound @entity281 in the follow-up period of 3-18 months. Satisfactory results were found in 29(96.7%).

title: Surgical Decompression of Resistant Cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["DeQuervain's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scar']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['DeQuervain's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postacute care is an essential component of medical care aimed at returning @entity130 @entity1 to their preinjury functional status. Rehabilitation services, skilled nursing facilities, and home care all play a role in facilitating the healing process. Access to such care may be limited based on insurance status, leaving the uninsured with limited resources to reach full recovery. We hypothesized that access to specialized postacute care is less available to @entity1 who lack health insurance. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of @entity130 @entity1 in the National @entity130 Databank from 2002 to 2006 was assessed to determine whether insurance status was a predictor of discharge to a specialized postacute care facility (rehabilitation, skilled nursing facilities, and home health). Using multivariate logistic regression, we assessed the likelihood of discharge to such facilities on the basis of insurance status, controlling for @entity1 demographics and injury severity. RESULTS: Adjusting for variation in age, race/ethicity, gender, and @entity130 and severity, uninsured @entity1 had the lowest odds of being discharged to a skilled nursing facility (odds ratio [OR], 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.73-0.80; p<0.001), home health (OR, 0.51; 95% CI 0.49-0.53; p<0.001), and rehabilitation (OR, 0.45; 95% CI 0.44-0.46; p<0.001). Uninsured @entity1 had the highest odds, however, of being discharged directly home (OR, 1.32; 95% CI 1.30-1.34; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Insurance status is an important predictor of hospital disposition and access to specialized posthospital care. Uninsured @entity1 are less likely to have access to the full range of medical care available to ensure complete recovery from traumatic injuries.

title: Insurance status and hospital discharge disposition after XXXX : inequities in access to postacute care.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma', 'injury type']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge concerning the trajectory and predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) years after @entity130 is fragmentary and these factors were therefore assessed using the EQ-5D questionnaire. METHODS: Consecutive adult burn @entity1 were included during hospitalization and assessed at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. In addition, an interview was performed at 2 years to 7 years postburn. Data concerning injury characteristics, sociodemographic variables, @entity146 , and HRQoL were obtained. RESULTS: The EQ-5D dimension Mobility improved between hospitalization and 3 months, while Anxiety/ @entity308 improved between 12 months and 2 years to 7 years. Other dimensions improved gradually. At 2 years to 7 years, only the dimensions @entity158 /Discomfort and Usual activities were lower than in the general population. In addition, overall HRQoL was lower than in the general population when measured by EQ VAS but not by EQ-5D index. EQ-5D index at 2 years to 7 years was predicted by EQ-5D index at 12 months and concurrent work status and @entity158 . EQ VAS at 2 years to 7 years was predicted by previous assessments of work status, @entity1005 and EQ VAS, and concurrent work status and @entity734 . Total amount of explained variance ranged between 17% and 57%. CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL after burn is conveniently screened by EQ VAS. Impairment after 2 years to 7 years is mainly reflected in the EQ dimensions @entity158 /Discomfort and Usual activities and can be predicted in part by information available before or at 12 months.

title: Health-related quality of life 2 years to 7 years after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['burn injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to explore to what extent the presence of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk constitutions differ between pregnancies complicated by small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infancy, @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ), or a combination of both. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cohort study in @entity1 after pregnancies complicated by @entity5028 with fetal manifestations (SGA infancy [n  = 113]), maternal manifestations ( @entity1468 [n  = 729]), or both (n  = 461). Independent sample t test was used to compare cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk factors between groups. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios of the prevalence of the @entity209 and its constituents between groups. Adjustments were made for maternal age, parity, smoking, interval between delivery and measurements, and @entity5617 . RESULTS: The @entity209 was present in 7.5% of @entity1 who delivered SGA @entity1 , 15.6% of former @entity1468 @entity1 , and 19.8% of @entity1 after pregnancy complicated by both SGA and @entity1468 . @entity101 was observed in 25% of former @entity1468 @entity1 and 15% of @entity1 with solely SGA. @entity1 who delivered a SGA @entity1 had lower global vascular compliance compared to former @entity1468 @entity1 without SGA. CONCLUSION: Cardiometabolic risk factors consistent with @entity209 relate to the maternal rather than to the fetal presentation of @entity5028 . Nonetheless, highest incidence of @entity209 was observed in @entity1 with both @entity1468 and SGA. @entity1468 relates to chronic @entity101 , whereas increased arterial stiffness seems to be associated with @entity1 who deliver a SGA @entity1 .

title: @entity209 , XXXX , and small for gestational age infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal demise']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to explore to what extent the presence of cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk constitutions differ between pregnancies complicated by small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infancy, @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ), or a combination of both. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cohort study in @entity1 after pregnancies complicated by @entity5028 with fetal manifestations (SGA infancy [n  = 113]), maternal manifestations ( @entity1468 [n  = 729]), or both (n  = 461). Independent sample t test was used to compare cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk factors between groups. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios of the prevalence of the @entity209 and its constituents between groups. Adjustments were made for maternal age, parity, smoking, interval between delivery and measurements, and @entity5617 . RESULTS: The @entity209 was present in 7.5% of @entity1 who delivered SGA @entity1 , 15.6% of former @entity1468 @entity1 , and 19.8% of @entity1 after pregnancy complicated by both SGA and @entity1468 . @entity101 was observed in 25% of former @entity1468 @entity1 and 15% of @entity1 with solely SGA. @entity1 who delivered a SGA @entity1 had lower global vascular compliance compared to former @entity1468 @entity1 without SGA. CONCLUSION: Cardiometabolic risk factors consistent with @entity209 relate to the maternal rather than to the fetal presentation of @entity5028 . Nonetheless, highest incidence of @entity209 was observed in @entity1 with both @entity1468 and SGA. @entity1468 relates to chronic @entity101 , whereas increased arterial stiffness seems to be associated with @entity1 who deliver a SGA @entity1 .

title: XXXX , @entity1468 , and small for gestational age infancy.

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Maternal metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of pedicled @entity121 versus microsurgical free flaps in @entity1 with @entity6 for complex foot and ankle reconstruction has not been well defined. METHODS: The Georgetown Wound Registry identified all @entity1 who underwent pedicled muscle flap or free flap reconstruction from 1990 to 2000 with 8.1    3.1-year follow-up. Thirty-eight @entity6 and 42 @entity7964 @entity1 were identified. Flap coverage was the reconstructive choice for defects with exposed tendons, joints, or bone, with pedicled @entity121 always selected for smaller defects. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 received 34 pedicled @entity121 for 34 wounds, whereas 48 received 52 free flaps for 51 wounds. Thirty-one of 34 wounds covered with pedicled @entity121 went on to heal, for a 91 percent success rate, a 94 percent limb salvage rate, and a 78 percent @entity1 survival rate. There were 15 complications among 45 reconstructive procedures, for an overall 33 percent complication rate. Forty-eight of the 51 wounds covered with free flaps went on to heal, for a 94 percent healing rate, a 96 percent limb salvage rate, and a 77 percent @entity1 survival rate. There were 17 complications among 93 reconstructive procedures, for an 18 percent complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 does not appear to affect the success of pedicled muscle flap or free flap reconstruction except for requiring more d  bridements, longer healing times, and decreased long-term survival. When compared with historical @entity6 controls with amputation, however, limb salvage appears to prolong survival of @entity6 @entity1 . Pedicled @entity121 appear to be as effective as free flaps for the coverage of small complex foot and @entity3681 , despite the postoperative complication rate. @entity6 is not a contraindication to either type of flap reconstruction for limb salvage. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.(Figure is included in full-text article.).

title: Foot and ankle reconstruction: pedicled XXXX versus free flaps and the role of @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle defects']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flaps']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle flaps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of pedicled @entity121 versus microsurgical free flaps in @entity1 with @entity6 for complex foot and ankle reconstruction has not been well defined. METHODS: The Georgetown Wound Registry identified all @entity1 who underwent pedicled muscle flap or free flap reconstruction from 1990 to 2000 with 8.1    3.1-year follow-up. Thirty-eight @entity6 and 42 @entity7964 @entity1 were identified. Flap coverage was the reconstructive choice for defects with exposed tendons, joints, or bone, with pedicled @entity121 always selected for smaller defects. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 received 34 pedicled @entity121 for 34 wounds, whereas 48 received 52 free flaps for 51 wounds. Thirty-one of 34 wounds covered with pedicled @entity121 went on to heal, for a 91 percent success rate, a 94 percent limb salvage rate, and a 78 percent @entity1 survival rate. There were 15 complications among 45 reconstructive procedures, for an overall 33 percent complication rate. Forty-eight of the 51 wounds covered with free flaps went on to heal, for a 94 percent healing rate, a 96 percent limb salvage rate, and a 77 percent @entity1 survival rate. There were 17 complications among 93 reconstructive procedures, for an 18 percent complication rate. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 does not appear to affect the success of pedicled muscle flap or free flap reconstruction except for requiring more d  bridements, longer healing times, and decreased long-term survival. When compared with historical @entity6 controls with amputation, however, limb salvage appears to prolong survival of @entity6 @entity1 . Pedicled @entity121 appear to be as effective as free flaps for the coverage of small complex foot and @entity3681 , despite the postoperative complication rate. @entity6 is not a contraindication to either type of flap reconstruction for limb salvage. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.(Figure is included in full-text article.).

title: Foot and ankle reconstruction: pedicled @entity121 versus free flaps and the role of XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare post-nephrectomy renal function between kidney donors and @entity1358 @entity1 , to evaluate trends in recovery, and to identify factors relevant to @entity177 . METHODS: @entity1 who had radical or donor nephrectomy from four different institutions between 2003 and 2012 were reviewed. Propensity score matching was carried out and 79 @entity1 were selected for each group. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Modification of Diet in @entity8 formula preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36   months. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was compared, and the difference between preoperative values and each preceding date was calculated. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent factors for a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate to <60   mL/ @entity1009 .73   m(2) . RESULTS: The donor nephrectomy group showed a trend of improved estimated glomerular filtration rate recovery at 24   months and 36   months compared with the radical nephrectomy group, which was statistically significant (P   =   0.028, P   =   0.012). Multivariate logistic regression showed that @entity1358 (odds ratio 4.605, 95% confidence interval 1.626-13.040, P   =   0.004), a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate lower than 110 (odds ratio 4.477, 95% confidence interval 1.360-14.742, P   =   0.014) and age older than 40   years (odds ratio 21.616, 95% confidence interval 2.761-169.222, P   =   0.003) were predictive factors for a decrease in renal function. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1358 is an independent risk factor for @entity740 after nephrectomy. In addition, age older than 40   years and a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of 110   mL/ @entity1009 .73   m(2) or less seem to represent risk factors associated with @entity740 after nephrectomy.

title: Comparison of postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate between kidney donors and radical nephrectomy @entity1 , and risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['postoperative chronic kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare post-nephrectomy renal function between kidney donors and @entity1358 @entity1 , to evaluate trends in recovery, and to identify factors relevant to @entity177 . METHODS: @entity1 who had radical or donor nephrectomy from four different institutions between 2003 and 2012 were reviewed. Propensity score matching was carried out and 79 @entity1 were selected for each group. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Modification of Diet in @entity8 formula preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36   months. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was compared, and the difference between preoperative values and each preceding date was calculated. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine independent factors for a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate to <60   mL/ @entity1009 .73   m(2) . RESULTS: The donor nephrectomy group showed a trend of improved estimated glomerular filtration rate recovery at 24   months and 36   months compared with the radical nephrectomy group, which was statistically significant (P   =   0.028, P   =   0.012). Multivariate logistic regression showed that @entity1358 (odds ratio 4.605, 95% confidence interval 1.626-13.040, P   =   0.004), a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate lower than 110 (odds ratio 4.477, 95% confidence interval 1.360-14.742, P   =   0.014) and age older than 40   years (odds ratio 21.616, 95% confidence interval 2.761-169.222, P   =   0.003) were predictive factors for a decrease in renal function. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1358 is an independent risk factor for @entity740 after nephrectomy. In addition, age older than 40   years and a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate of 110   mL/ @entity1009 .73   m(2) or less seem to represent risk factors associated with @entity740 after nephrectomy.

title: Comparison of postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate between kidney donors and radical nephrectomy XXXX , and risk factors for @entity740 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We report the international experience in outcomes after related and unrelated hematopoietic transplantation for infantile @entity2525 in 193 @entity1 . Thirty-four percent of transplants used grafts from HLA-matched siblings, 13% from HLA-mismatched relatives, 12% from HLA-matched, and 41% from HLA-mismatched unrelated donors. The median age at transplantation was 12 months. @entity1863 and @entity786 was the most common conditioning regimen. Long-term survival was higher after HLA-matched sibling compared to alternative donor transplantation. There were no differences in survival after HLA-mismatched related, HLA-matched unrelated, or mismatched unrelated donor transplantation. The 5- and 10-year probabilities of survival were 62% and 62% after HLA-matched sibling and 42% and 39% after alternative donor transplantation (P = .01 and P = .002, respectively). Graft failure was the most common cause of @entity204 , accounting for 50% of deaths after HLA-matched sibling and 43% of deaths after alternative donor transplantation. The day-28 incidence of neutrophil recovery was 66% after HLA-matched sibling and 61% after alternative donor transplantation (P = .49). The median age of surviving @entity1 is 7 years. Of evaluable surviving @entity1 , 70% are visually impaired; 10% have impaired hearing and gross motor delay. Nevertheless, 65% reported performance scores of 90 or 100, and in 17%, a score of 80 at last contact. Most survivors >5 years are attending mainstream or specialized schools. Rates of @entity5501 and @entity401 were high at 20%. Though allogeneic transplantation results in long-term survival with acceptable social function, strategies to lower graft failure and hepatic and @entity358 are urgently needed.

title: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['Busulfan']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity2525 :: (MESH:D010022,Disease) :: ['osteopetrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Defining bone quality remains elusive. From a @entity1 perspective bone quality can best be defined as an individual's likelihood of sustaining a @entity174 . @entity174 risk indicators and performance measures can help clinicians better understand individual @entity174 risk. Educational resources such as the Web can help clinicians and @entity1 better understand @entity174 risk, communicate effectively, and make decisions concerning diagnosis and treatment. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We examined four questions: What tools can be used to identify individuals at high risk for @entity174 ? What clinical performance measures are available? What strategies can help ensure that @entity1 at risk for @entity174 are identified? What are some authoritative Web sites for educating providers and @entity1 about bone quality? METHODS: Using Google, PUBMED, and trademark names, we reviewed the literature using the terms "bone quality" and " @entity170 education." Web site legitimacy was evaluated using specific criteria. Educational Web sites were limited to English-language sites sponsored by nonprofit organizations RESULTS: The @entity174 Risk Assessment Tool   (FRAX  ) and the @entity174 Risk Calculator (FRC) are reliable means of assessing @entity174 risk. Performance measures relating to bone health were developed by the AMA convened Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement   and are included in the Physician Quality Reporting Initiative. In addition, quality measures have been developed by the Joint Commission. Strategies for identifying individuals at risk include designating responsibility for case finding and intervention, evaluating secondary causes of @entity170 , educating @entity1 and providers, performing cost-effectiveness evaluation, and using information technology. An abundance of authoritative educational Web sites exists for providers and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Effective clinical indicators, performance measures, and educational tools to better understand and identify @entity174 risk are now available. The next challenge is to encourage broader use of these resources so that individuals at high risk for @entity174 will not just be identified but will also adhere to therapy.

title: Bone quality: educational tools for XXXX , physicians, and educators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local @entity5 destruction has been shown to give rise to changes in immunocompetent cells. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of interstitial laser thermotherapy (ILT) of @entity0 in the @entity5 and in regional lymph nodes. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 that underwent radical surgical excision after non-radical ILT were studied. ILT was performed at a steady-state temperature of 48  C for 30  min. Surgical excision was performed 12 (6-23) days after ILT. Six @entity1 with @entity0 not treated with ILT before surgery served as controls. Immunohistological reactions were performed on core needle biopsies prior to treatment and on the excised specimens. RESULTS: ILT resulted in more @entity405 lymphocytes and @entity469 macrophages within the @entity5 (P  <  0.05 and P  <  0.01, respectively) and higher counts of @entity2225 (P  <  0.05), @entity469 (P  <  0.001) and @entity8730 (P  <  0.01) at the @entity5 border, when compared to pre-treatment values. In the control @entity1 not receiving ILT, @entity405 cells increased within the @entity5 after resection (P  <  0.05). With the probable exception of @entity2902 @entity403 cells, the presence of @entity5 in a lymph node influenced the findings in lymph nodes (examined for @entity4896 , @entity2902 , @entity403 @entity2902 , @entity8730 cells). Thus, comparisons between ILT and control @entity1 were restricted to @entity1 without lymph node @entity3 . In these @entity1 , ILT and resection were followed by a decrease in @entity2902 @entity403 lymphocytes (P  <  0.05), when compared to surgical resection alone. CONCLUSIONS: ILT induced changes in immunocompetent cells in @entity1 with @entity0 . The stimulation of the immune system is an added feature of ILT in treatment of @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Changes in immunocompetent cells after interstitial laser thermotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) limits the penetration of many systemic antineoplastic therapies. Consequently, many agents may be used in clinical studies and clinical practice though they may not achieve therapeutic levels within the @entity5 . We sought to compile the currently available @entity1 data on antineoplastic drug concentrations in brain and @entity5 tissue according to BBB status. A review of the literature was conducted for @entity1 studies providing concentrations of antineoplastic agents in blood and metastatic @entity1313 or high-grade @entity11 . Studies were considered optimal if they reported simultaneous tissue and blood concentration, multiple sampling times and locations, MRI localization, BBB status at sampling site, @entity5 histology, and individual subject data. Twenty-Four studies of 19 compounds were included. These examined 18 agents in contrast-enhancing regions of high-grade @entity11 , with optimal data for 2. For metastatic @entity1313 , adequate data was found for 9 agents. Considerable heterogeneity was found in the measurement value, @entity5 type, measurement timing, and sampling location within and among studies, limiting the applicability of the results. Tissue to blood ratios ranged from 0.054 for @entity3003 to 34 for @entity2664 in high-grade @entity11 , and were lowest for @entity2903 (0.118) and @entity2879 (0.116), and highest for @entity2664 (32.02) in @entity3 . The available data examining the concentration of antineoplastic agents in brain and @entity5 tissue is sparse and limited by considerable heterogeneity. More studies with careful quantification of antineoplastic agents in brain and @entity5 tissue is required for the rational development of therapeutic regimens.

title: Tissue concentration of systemically administered antineoplastic agents in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) limits the penetration of many systemic antineoplastic therapies. Consequently, many agents may be used in clinical studies and clinical practice though they may not achieve therapeutic levels within the @entity5 . We sought to compile the currently available @entity1 data on antineoplastic drug concentrations in brain and @entity5 tissue according to BBB status. A review of the literature was conducted for @entity1 studies providing concentrations of antineoplastic agents in blood and metastatic @entity1313 or high-grade @entity11 . Studies were considered optimal if they reported simultaneous tissue and blood concentration, multiple sampling times and locations, MRI localization, BBB status at sampling site, @entity5 histology, and individual subject data. Twenty-Four studies of 19 compounds were included. These examined 18 agents in contrast-enhancing regions of high-grade @entity11 , with optimal data for 2. For metastatic @entity1313 , adequate data was found for 9 agents. Considerable heterogeneity was found in the measurement value, @entity5 type, measurement timing, and sampling location within and among studies, limiting the applicability of the results. Tissue to blood ratios ranged from 0.054 for @entity3003 to 34 for @entity2664 in high-grade @entity11 , and were lowest for @entity2903 (0.118) and @entity2879 (0.116), and highest for @entity2664 (32.02) in @entity3 . The available data examining the concentration of antineoplastic agents in brain and @entity5 tissue is sparse and limited by considerable heterogeneity. More studies with careful quantification of antineoplastic agents in brain and @entity5 tissue is required for the rational development of therapeutic regimens.

title: Tissue concentration of systemically administered antineoplastic agents in XXXX @entity1313 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity6064 of pregnancy is characterized by a combination of at least two of the following clinical symptoms: @entity101 , @entity4 , and @entity644 . In three successive trials over three consecutive years, the dietary intakes of a selected number of young pregnant @entity1 attending a Maternal and @entity1 Care Clinic at Tuskegee Institute were evaluated for protein, @entity1522 , and total calories. @entity1 with @entity6064 were identified, and @entity1 without @entity6064 served as controls. The toxemic group generally consumed more protein than the controls, but values were statistically significant only in the first trial. However, all essential @entity1522 were consumed in significantly greater amounts by the toxemic group. Protein and essential @entity1522 were consumed in adequate amounts (at least two-thirds of the RDA) by both groups but in amounts smaller than the national average. Non-essential @entity1522 were also consumed in adequate amounts, with the toxemic group consuming larger quantities than the controls. Caloric intakes were adequate for young pregnant @entity1 . The relationships of @entity15157 and of @entity6064 to protein and @entity535 intake were similar and were opposite to the relationship of @entity417 to protein and @entity535 intake. Meats and grains contributed the greatest quantity of protein and @entity1522 to the diet in all groups. Data seem to imply that any relationship of protein and @entity1522 with @entity6064 of pregnancy is a complex one involving several possibly interrelated nutritional parameters.

title: Protein, XXXX , and caloric intakes of selected pregnant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Infant', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity15157 :: ('MESH:D006030', 'Disease') :: ['glucosuria']

entities_list: @entity6064 :: ('MESH:D014115', 'Disease') :: ['toxemia', 'Toxemia']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: @entity6064 of pregnancy is characterized by a combination of at least two of the following clinical symptoms: @entity101 , @entity4 , and @entity644 . In three successive trials over three consecutive years, the dietary intakes of a selected number of young pregnant @entity1 attending a Maternal and @entity1 Care Clinic at Tuskegee Institute were evaluated for protein, @entity1522 , and total calories. @entity1 with @entity6064 were identified, and @entity1 without @entity6064 served as controls. The toxemic group generally consumed more protein than the controls, but values were statistically significant only in the first trial. However, all essential @entity1522 were consumed in significantly greater amounts by the toxemic group. Protein and essential @entity1522 were consumed in adequate amounts (at least two-thirds of the RDA) by both groups but in amounts smaller than the national average. Non-essential @entity1522 were also consumed in adequate amounts, with the toxemic group consuming larger quantities than the controls. Caloric intakes were adequate for young pregnant @entity1 . The relationships of @entity15157 and of @entity6064 to protein and @entity535 intake were similar and were opposite to the relationship of @entity417 to protein and @entity535 intake. Meats and grains contributed the greatest quantity of protein and @entity1522 to the diet in all groups. Data seem to imply that any relationship of protein and @entity1522 with @entity6064 of pregnancy is a complex one involving several possibly interrelated nutritional parameters.

title: Protein, @entity535 , and caloric intakes of selected pregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This finite element analysis aimed to examine the effect of medial cortical support and medial screw support on loads at the implant-bone interface of locking plate fixation of @entity6342 with a medial gap. METHODS: An intact humerus from a healthy volunteer was used as the basis for a 3-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) model. The 3D CAD model of the locking plate system was based on information in the manufacturer's catalogue. The proximal part of the humerus was osteotomized to create standard three-part @entity174 , which were then divided into a -MSC group (which lacked medial cortical support, and in which @entity174 with a 5-mm medial bone gap simulated this lack) and +MCS group (which had medial cortical support, and in which @entity174 with medial cortical-to-cortical contact simulated this). Both @entity174 groups were respectively fixed with either +MSS (in which medial screw support was simulated by the addition of two calcar screws to the locking plate system), or with -MSS (in which the lack of medial screw support was simulated by absence of the two additional calcar screws to the locking plate system). All the modeling was conducted to represent 90   arm abduction. RESULTS: On the screw-bone interface, medial screw support and medial cortical support decreased maximum shear stress by 17% and 23% respectively. On the locking plate, medial screw support and medial cortical support decreased maximum von Mises stress by 11% and 22% respectively. However, a combination of these two appeared to decrease maximum shear stress by 56% for the screw-bone interface, and maximum von Mises stress by 54% for the locking plate. CONCLUSION: Placement of calcar screws combined with good medial cortical contact in varus in locking plate fixation of @entity6342 with a medial gap may provide optimal stability for the fixation.

title: Biomechanical effect of medial cortical support and medial screw support on locking plate fixation in XXXX with a medial gap: a finite element analysis.

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: AIMS: Radiotherapy utilisation is likely affected by multiple factors pertaining to radiotherapy access. Radiotherapy is an integral component of breast-conserving treatment (BCT) for early @entity0 . We aimed to determine if stepwise improvements in radiotherapy access in regional Australia affected the uptake of BCT and thus radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 operations in the Central Coast of New South Wales between January 2010 and March 2014 for T1-2N0-1M0 invasive or in situ ( <=5  cm) disease in female @entity1 eligible for BCT were examined. BCT uptake was calculated for three 1 year periods: period 1 (local radiotherapy available at cost to user or out of area radiotherapy with travel cost and inconvenience); @entity5394 (as per period 1  +  publicly funded transport and radiotherapy at out of area facilities at no cost to user); @entity5395 (as per period 1  +  publicly funded local radiotherapy at no cost to user). RESULTS: In total, 574 cases met eligibility criteria. BCT declined with increasing distance to publicly funded radiotherapy (P  =  0.035). BCT rates for @entity25078 were 63% (113/180), 61% (105/173) and 71% (156/221). There were no statistically significant differences in BCT between @entity5394 in the whole cohort or within age, histology or @entity5 size subgroups. Overall, there was a 9% increase in BCT in the whole cohort in @entity5395 compared with @entity5394 (P  =  0.031). This increase was statistically significant for @entity1 over 70 years (19% increase, P  =  0.034), for @entity1 with @entity513 in situ (25% increase, P  =  0.013) and for @entity1 with @entity5 that were  <=10  mm (21% increase, P  =  0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Improving the affordability of radiotherapy through publicly funded transport and radiotherapy at out of area facilities did not improve BCT uptake in a region where radiotherapy was locally available, albeit at cost to the user. Improving both affordability and convenience through the provision of local publicly funded radiotherapy increased BCT uptake. Service availability and affordability have long been recognised as important determinants of radiotherapy access. Our findings suggest that inconvenience may also influence radiotherapy utilisation.

title: Examining Determinants of Radiotherapy Access: Do Cost and Radiotherapy Inconvenience Affect Uptake of Breast-conserving Treatment for Early XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Limited evidence suggests adverse effects of traffic noise exposure on the metabolic system. This study investigates the association between road traffic noise and @entity28 markers as well as the role of combined exposure to multiple sources of traffic noise. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study performed in 2002-2006, we assessed exposure to noise from road traffic, railways and aircraft at the residences of 5075 Swedish @entity1 and @entity1 , primarily from suburban and semirural areas of Stockholm County. A detailed questionnaire and medical examination provided information on markers of @entity28 and potential confounders. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to assess associations between traffic noise and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-hip ratio using WHO definitions of @entity28 . RESULTS: Road traffic noise was significantly related to waist circumference with a 0.21   cm (95% CI 0.01 to 0.41) increase per 5   dB(A) rise in Lden. The OR for @entity1144 among those exposed to road traffic noise >= 45   dB(A) was 1.18 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.34) in comparison to those exposed below this level. Similar results were seen for waist-hip ratio (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.14 to 1.45) but not for BMI (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.04). @entity1144 was also associated with exposure to railway and aircraft noise, and a particularly high risk was seen for combined exposure to all three sources of traffic noise (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.24 to 3.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that traffic noise exposure can increase the risk of @entity1144 . Combined exposure to different sources of traffic noise may convey a particularly high risk.

title: Exposure to traffic noise and markers of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity', 'Central obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: CONTEXT: Oral health awareness and oral care are crucial aspects of oncology nursing practice. However very few studies concentrate on the oral care of @entity5 @entity1 undergoing @entity5 treatment and nursing practice in the Indian subcontinent. Most of the published studies have been conducted in the Western and European countries. AIM: This study aimed to determine the nurses' knowledge and education about oral care in @entity5 @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy. SETTING AND DESIGN: A cross sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 158 staff nurses working in oncology related areas from 4 different hospitals of Dakshina Kannada district and Udupi district of Karnataka state, India. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: descriptive and inferential statistics was used by using SPSS 16 version. RESULTS: Majority 81 (51.3%) of the staff nurses had poor knowledge of oral care in @entity5 @entity1 whereas 87 (55.1%) reported that knowledge acquired through basic education in oral care is not sufficient. Most of the staff nurses 115 (72.8%) did not receive basic education in oral care of @entity5 @entity1 . There was significant association between knowledge and variables such as designation (.005), years of work experience (.040) and years of experience in @entity5 wards (.000) at 0.05 levels. CONCLUSION: Lack of knowledge suggest the need to develop and implement continuing nursing education programs on oral care specifically for @entity1 receiving @entity5 treatments, for improving knowledge of staff nurses' in order to render comprehensive care to the @entity1 . This study also recommends the importance of inclusion of @entity5 @entity1 specific oral care in the curriculum which can enhance competency of the qualified nurses in @entity5 wards.

title: Nurses' Knowledge and Education about Oral Care of Cancer XXXX Undergoing Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity32 after @entity130 is thought to be aggravated by intramedullary nailing (IMN) and predisposes to acute @entity649 . Polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs) are the main effector cells in this process. However, in @entity1 with a femur @entity174 , the injury severity was the decisive factor for the PMN phenotype. A tibia @entity174 is often caused by a more moderate injury and might allow for a window to assess the innate immune response caused by IMN. METHODS: A consecutive series of @entity1 with a tibia @entity174 were included. The innate immune response was measured before and after IMN by plasma @entity650 , PMN @entity9536 , and active FcyRII (FcyRII*) expression both before and after fMLF (N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) stimulation. Furthermore, HLA-DR on monocytes was analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 were included. Polymorphonuclear granulocyte fMLF-induced @entity9536 and FcyRII* were decreased. In concordance, HLA-DR expression on monocytes was decreased in @entity1 compared with control subjects. Intramedullary nailing was associated with a further decrease of HLA-DR-positive monocytes, whereas no changes in PMN phenotype or plasma @entity650 levels were observed. CONCLUSION: Intramedullary nailing of a @entity174 did not affect the PMN phenotype. The impact from injury determined the PMN phenotype. In contrast, the monocyte phenotype changed after the additional insult by IMN in @entity1 with an isolated @entity174 .

title: The Impact of Intramedullary Nailing of Tibia XXXX on the Innate Immune System.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'tibial fracture']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identifying @entity281 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 can be challenging. This study assesses the value that inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers add to clinical data when predicting infectious etiologies of abnormal vital signs (AVSs) in @entity341 @entity1 . METHODS: This study was a prospective, observational cohort study of @entity341 @entity1 with AVSs at an urban, academic tertiary-care hospital, identified from March 1, 2013, to April 15, 2013. Collected blood samples were assayed for soluble @entity4105 (sE-selectin), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, @entity650 , sFlt-1, and procalcitonin. History and physical examination were abstracted from the @entity341 documentation. The primary outcome, infectious etiology, was adjudicated by review of the hospital documentation. Three multivariate logistic regression models predicting @entity281 were created using clinical data, biomarkers, and combined clinical data and biomarker assessments. Integrated discrimination improvement tested the discriminate value of the biomarker and combined models compared with the clinical data model. RESULTS: We enrolled 115 @entity1 : 49 determined to have an @entity281 (43%) and 66 without (57%). All biomarkers were significantly associated with @entity281 in univariate analysis. The best clinical model (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.76) included initial temperature (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.2) and history of fever (OR, 5.0; CI, 1.4-14). The best biomarker model (AUC,   0.82) predicting @entity281 included sE-selectin (OR, 11.0; 95% CI, 1.6-74) and @entity650 (OR, 5.1; CI, 2.3-11.6). The combined clinical and biomarker model had an AUC of 0.88, with integrated discrimination improvement = 0.21, compared with the clinical model alone. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory and endothelial markers can improve the clinical identification of @entity281 in @entity341 @entity1 with AVSs.

title: The Utility of Inflammatory and Endothelial Markers to Identify Infection in Emergency Department XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infection in emergency department']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Survival from @entity130 requires a coordinated and controlled inflammatory and immune response. Mitochondrial and metabolic responses to stress have been shown to play a role in these inflammatory and immune responses. We hypothesized that increases in mitochondrial biogenesis via a @entity14075 agonist would decrease tissue injury and partially ameliorate the immunosuppression seen following @entity130 . C57Bl/6 @entity19 were subjected to a multiple @entity130 model. @entity19 were pretreated with either 100 mg/kg per day of the @entity14075 agonist, Srt1720, via oral gavage for 2 days prior to @entity130 and extended until the day the animals were killed, or they were pretreated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y coactivator 1a ( @entity7111 ) siRNA via hydrodynamic tail vein injection 48 h prior to @entity130 . Markers for mitochondrial function and biogenesis were measured in addition to splenocyte proliferative capacity and bacterial clearance. Srt1720 was noted to improve mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial function, and complex IV activity following @entity130 (P < 0.05), whereas knockdown of @entity7111 resulted in exacerbation of @entity2383 (P < 0.05). These changes in mitochondrial function were associated with altered severity of @entity99 with significant reductions in serum alanine aminotransferase levels seen in @entity19 treated with srt1720. Splenocyte proliferative capacity and intraperitoneal bacterial clearance were evaluated as markers for overall immune function following @entity548 . Treatment with Srt1720 minimized the @entity130 -induced decreases in splenocyte proliferation (P < 0.05), whereas treatment with @entity7111 siRNA led to diminished bacterial clearance. The @entity7111 signaling pathway is an important regulator of mitochondrial function and biogenesis, which can potentially be harnessed to protect against @entity99 and minimize the immunosuppression that is seen following @entity548 .

title: XXXX Agonist Minimizes Injury and Improves the Immune Response Following Traumatic Shock.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['trauma-hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity14075 :: (93759(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Sirtuin 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were to report a 7-year experience of microvascular reconstruction of scalp defects, compare @entity1912 type and outcomes, and evaluate the implications of short and long term complications. METHODS: Following institutional review board approval, a single surgeon's @entity1 requiring microvascular scalp reconstruction were retrospectively reviewed from 2005 to 2011. @entity1912 choice, complications, and outcomes were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 met inclusion criteria (10 male and 9 female) with a mean age of 60.2  21.4 years (range, 23-90 years). All free tissue transfers (n=20) achieved 100% soft tissue coverage. Mean size calvarial defect was 106.6  67.2cm (range, 35-285cm), with 11 requiring cranioplasty. Free flaps included the following: 13 anteriolateral thigh, 5 ulnar, 1 latissimus dorsi, and 1 thoracodorsal artery perforator. Mean @entity1912 size was 154.1  87.3cm (range, 42-336cm). Early complications (<30 days following surgery) occurred in 21.1% of @entity1 and late complications (>30 days following surgery) in 52.6% of @entity1 . @entity1 with an early complication were 2 times more likely to develop a late complication (relative risk, 2.1) but did not reach statistical significance. Late complications were more likely to require surgical intervention, 84.2% versus 60% of early complications (P=0.079). CONCLUSIONS: Microvascular free tissue transfer is the @entity11885 but carries a high likelihood of future reoperations. Early complications are less concerning than late complications, as the need for future surgical intervention is associated with late complications. There is lack of evidence to support a superior @entity1912 choice.

title: Microsurgical Reconstruction of Complex Scalp Defects: An Appraisal of XXXX Selection and the Timing of Complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11885 :: ('MESH:C538225', 'Disease') :: ['mainstay of complex scalp defects']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: @entity1330 is a rare disease which usually occurs in immunocompromised @entity1 . We describe a 57-year-old @entity1 with @entity6 with a mass-like shadow in the right middle lung field. Transbronchial lung biopsy of the right lung revealed numerous @entity375 -like fungi in @entity39 . These findings, together with positive serum cryptococcal antigen yielded a diagnosis of @entity358 secondary to @entity6 . Despite treatment with several anti-fungal drugs, and @entity1353 and @entity1143 developed. He was referred to our hospital for further examination and therapy. The presence of positive cryptococcal antigen and numerous @entity375 -like fungi were confirmed cytologically in the @entity1143 . Therefore, we suspected that @entity358 had perforated into the thoracic space and @entity3509 had developed. Because antifungal drugs were ineffective, debridement of the fibrinopurulent material by medical thoracoscopy and chest drainage were performed. The clinical symptoms of this @entity1 improved with antifungal treatment for 1 year, and we successfully treated the cryptococcal @entity3509 without recurrence. Debridement by medical thoracoscopy and chest drainage were useful for this case of cryptococcal @entity3509 .

title: [A case of cryptococcal XXXX successfully treated by debridement by medical thoracoscopy with local anesthesia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic and necrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1330 :: ('MESH:D016919', 'Disease') :: ['Cryptococcal empyema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cryptococcosis']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although screening and brief intervention (SBI) for unhealthy @entity285 use has demonstrated efficacy in some trials, its implementation has been limited. Technology-delivered approaches are a promising alternative, particularly during pregnancy when the importance of @entity285 use is amplified. The present trial evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of an interactive, empathic, video-enhanced, and computer-delivered SBI (e-SBI) plus 3 tailored mailings, and estimated intervention effects. METHODS: We recruited 48 pregnant @entity1 who screened positive for @entity285 risk at an urban prenatal care clinic. @entity1 were randomly assigned to the e-SBI plus mailings or to a control session on @entity1 nutrition, and were re-evaluated during their postpartum hospitalization. The primary outcome was 90-day period prevalence abstinence as measured by timeline follow-back interview. RESULTS: @entity1 rated the intervention as easy to use and helpful (4.7 to 5.0 on a 5-point scale). Blinded follow-up evaluation at childbirth revealed medium-size intervention effects on 90-day period prevalence abstinence (OR  =  3.4); similarly, intervention effects on a combined healthy pregnancy outcome variable (live birth, normal birthweight, and no neonatal intensive care unit stay) were also of moderate magnitude in favor of e-SBI @entity1 (OR  =  3.3). As expected in this intentionally underpowered pilot trial, these effects were nonsignificant (p  =  0.19 and 0.09, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This pilot trial demonstrated the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of e-SBI plus tailored mailings for @entity285 use in pregnancy. These findings mirror the promising results of other trials using a similar approach and should be confirmed in a fully powered trial.

title: Computer-Delivered Screening and Brief Intervention for XXXX Use in Pregnancy: A Pilot Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'infant']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness (as measured as cost per life-year saved) of white blood cell growth factor or @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) use among a large cohort of elderly @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) @entity1 in a real-world setting. METHODS: We identified 13,203 @entity1893 @entity1 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database who received the diagnosis from 1992 to 2002 and who received chemotherapy within 12 months of diagnosis. Benefit (effectiveness) of @entity2841 use (primary and secondary prophylaxis) was measured as observed improvement in overall survival. Costs for each @entity1 were calculated by adding the cumulative reimbursement amounts from Medicare claims. Cost-effectiveness was estimated by modeling the joint influence of @entity2841 use on both costs and effectiveness using a propensity-score net monetary benefit approach. RESULTS: Primary prophylactic @entity2841 use was cost-effective at lower willingness-to-pay thresholds, whereas at higher thresholds, not providing prophylactic @entity2841 became the cost-effective strategy. For secondary prophylactic @entity2841 use among @entity1 experiencing @entity1398 , @entity221 , the opposite trend was observed. For low willingness-to-pay thresholds (< 20,000 per life-year gained), not administering @entity2841 was the cost-effective strategy, whereas @entity2841 use became cost-effective as willingness to pay increased (from  100,000+ per life-year gained). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first large population-based study to empirically measure the cost-effectiveness of @entity2841 among @entity1893 @entity1 treated with chemotherapy. @entity2841 use as primary or secondary prophylaxis may be a cost-effective strategy depending on society's (or payers') willingness to pay for improvements in outcomes.

title: Cost-effectiveness of white blood cell growth factor use among a large nationwide cohort of elderly XXXX @entity1 treated with chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever, and/or infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['CSF', 'colony-stimulating factor']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness (as measured as cost per life-year saved) of white blood cell growth factor or @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) use among a large cohort of elderly @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) @entity1 in a real-world setting. METHODS: We identified 13,203 @entity1893 @entity1 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database who received the diagnosis from 1992 to 2002 and who received chemotherapy within 12 months of diagnosis. Benefit (effectiveness) of @entity2841 use (primary and secondary prophylaxis) was measured as observed improvement in overall survival. Costs for each @entity1 were calculated by adding the cumulative reimbursement amounts from Medicare claims. Cost-effectiveness was estimated by modeling the joint influence of @entity2841 use on both costs and effectiveness using a propensity-score net monetary benefit approach. RESULTS: Primary prophylactic @entity2841 use was cost-effective at lower willingness-to-pay thresholds, whereas at higher thresholds, not providing prophylactic @entity2841 became the cost-effective strategy. For secondary prophylactic @entity2841 use among @entity1 experiencing @entity1398 , @entity221 , the opposite trend was observed. For low willingness-to-pay thresholds (< 20,000 per life-year gained), not administering @entity2841 was the cost-effective strategy, whereas @entity2841 use became cost-effective as willingness to pay increased (from  100,000+ per life-year gained). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first large population-based study to empirically measure the cost-effectiveness of @entity2841 among @entity1893 @entity1 treated with chemotherapy. @entity2841 use as primary or secondary prophylaxis may be a cost-effective strategy depending on society's (or payers') willingness to pay for improvements in outcomes.

title: Cost-effectiveness of white blood cell growth factor use among a large nationwide cohort of elderly @entity1893 XXXX treated with chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: The effect of suffering among @entity1 with advanced @entity303 on their family members' mental health has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES: To describe family members' exposure to distressing symptoms among nursing home (NH) residents with advanced @entity303 and associations between such exposure and family members' mental health. METHODS: Data were obtained from an 18-month prospective cohort study of NH residents with advanced @entity303 and their family member health care proxies (HCPs). Exposure to resident symptoms and associated fear and helplessness was measured quarterly using the @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ) scale (range 0-120). HCP mental health was assessed quarterly using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF) ( @entity308 ), K6 (psychological distress, range 0-24), and SF-12(  ) mental health subscale. RESULTS: Seven hundred seventy-nine @entity4681 scale assessments were completed by 225 HCPs. The most frequent distressing symptoms were the following: feeling the resident had had enough (33.2%), @entity1224 (21.1%), and @entity158 (18.9%). The symptoms eliciting the greatest fear were thinking the resident was dead and seeing them choke. A sense of helplessness was highest when the resident was observed to be in @entity158 or @entity1224 . Family members with @entity4681 scores >0 were more likely to meet criteria for @entity308 on the CIDI-SF (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14, 5.85), have a K6 score >0 (AOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.55, 3.43), and have lower SF-12 scores (adjusted parameter estimate -1.51, 95% CI -2.56, -0.47). CONCLUSION: Family member exposure to distressing symptoms experienced by their loved ones with advanced @entity303 is not uncommon and is associated with worse mental health.

title: Mental health and exposure to @entity1 distress among families of nursing home residents with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['SCARED', 'Stressful Caregiving Adult Reactions to Experiences of Dying']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: CONTEXT: The effect of suffering among @entity1 with advanced @entity303 on their family members' mental health has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES: To describe family members' exposure to distressing symptoms among nursing home (NH) residents with advanced @entity303 and associations between such exposure and family members' mental health. METHODS: Data were obtained from an 18-month prospective cohort study of NH residents with advanced @entity303 and their family member health care proxies (HCPs). Exposure to resident symptoms and associated fear and helplessness was measured quarterly using the @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ) scale (range 0-120). HCP mental health was assessed quarterly using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF) ( @entity308 ), K6 (psychological distress, range 0-24), and SF-12(  ) mental health subscale. RESULTS: Seven hundred seventy-nine @entity4681 scale assessments were completed by 225 HCPs. The most frequent distressing symptoms were the following: feeling the resident had had enough (33.2%), @entity1224 (21.1%), and @entity158 (18.9%). The symptoms eliciting the greatest fear were thinking the resident was dead and seeing them choke. A sense of helplessness was highest when the resident was observed to be in @entity158 or @entity1224 . Family members with @entity4681 scores >0 were more likely to meet criteria for @entity308 on the CIDI-SF (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14, 5.85), have a K6 score >0 (AOR 2.31, 95% CI 1.55, 3.43), and have lower SF-12 scores (adjusted parameter estimate -1.51, 95% CI -2.56, -0.47). CONCLUSION: Family member exposure to distressing symptoms experienced by their loved ones with advanced @entity303 is not uncommon and is associated with worse mental health.

title: Mental health and exposure to XXXX distress among families of nursing home residents with advanced @entity303 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in adults is a challenging @entity5 in that many @entity1 will show evidence of initial chemotherapy responsiveness but will subsequently relapse. The disease is heterogeneous and outcomes vary dramatically depending on the prognostic factors present in an individual @entity1 . An important determinant of outcome is the age of the @entity1 . The stunning success of therapy in paediatric @entity981 has led to the use of intensive paediatric regimens in adolescents and young adults with what appear to be improved outcomes. For @entity1 who relapse or have high-risk features, blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) continues to play an important role in the therapeutic armamentarium. The use of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens for allogeneic BMT suggests that outcomes may be improved by this approach. Monoclonal antibodies are showing benefit as single agents in the relapsed setting or in combination with chemotherapy in newly diagnosed @entity1 . In recent years, several new chemotherapeutic agents have shown promise as single agents and are being incorporated into multi-agent chemotherapy. The development of @entity4149 kinase inhibitors for @entity1778 has significantly improved outcomes. The molecular revolution has led to the identification of new aberrant molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of @entity981 , and drugs targeting these aberrancies are in various stages of development preclinically and clinically. These developments bring the hope that therapeutic outcomes in @entity981 can begin to approach those seen in the paediatric setting.

title: Pharmacotherapeutic advances in the treatment of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['adult ALL', 'ALL', 'Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukaemias']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: A retrospective study of sickness @entity1576 and their relation to smoking habits was conducted among a heterogeneous population of 1867 staff members of 12 Australian organizations. Data on smoking habits were used to divide the sample into current cigarette smokers (n=392), ex-cigarette smokers (n=182) and those who had never smoked (n=714). Results of the health survey by self-administered questionnaire showed that the prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher in cigarette smokers than in non-smokers both in @entity1 and @entity1 . Smoking was particularly related to frequency of cough, and sputum production. Wheezing showed a similar, though less marked, trend. The influence of smoking on the pulmonary function value, FEV1/FVC% was assessed in a group of 972 @entity1 and 297 @entity1 . Results of analysis of variance showed that ventilatory function was significantly impaired among smokers and ex-smokers. The sickness absence records of 826 cigarette smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers were also compared. Both frequency and duration of sickness absence were greater in cigarette smokers and ex-smokers. Significant differences between these groups were confirmed in total as well as in certified absence. Among males, the average number of days off work was 1.59 times greater in male smokers than in male non-smokers, and 1.36 times greater for female subjects who smoked. The epidemiological implications of such findings await further research. However, the consequences for the individual, industry and the general community are apparent.

title: Sickness XXXX and smoking in industry: an australian study.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['absence, respiratory impairment']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['absence, respiratory impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditionally, @entity547 during @entity169 is considered mandatory to prevent postoperative development of @entity547 . However, ligation may induce @entity282 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of @entity547 after @entity169 . METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to investigate the outcomes of @entity547 for open or laparoscopic @entity169 . Incidence of @entity547 was assessed following the surgery. The secondary outcomes included @entity282 . RESULTS: Five trials were selected and their results were summarized. These 5 trials were published between 1984 and 2014, and the sample sizes ranged from 50 to 467 @entity1 . Four trials had recruited @entity1 with @entity169 who underwent open repair, and one study enrolled @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic procedures. We observed no difference in the incidence of @entity547 and @entity260 between the sac ligation and nonligation groups. Postoperatively, the intensity of @entity158 was significantly higher in the ligation group than in the nonligation group at Day 7 (Weight mean difference 1.46; 95% confident interval: 0.98-1.95). CONCLUSION: Hernia sac ligation was associated with higher @entity282 , and did not show any benefit over sac nonligation regarding the incidence of recurrence and @entity260 in @entity1 undergoing open tension-free mesh repair or laparoscopic procedures.

title: Sac ligation in XXXX : A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernia sac ligation', 'hernia recurrence']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'pain scores and postoperative complications']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Around 3-5% of the population suffer from IgE-mediated @entity5419 in Western countries and the number of food-allergenic @entity1 is increasing. Individuals with certain @entity2023 may also suffer from a sensitisation to proteins in the food products. As an example a @entity1 sensitised to the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, is often sensitised to its homologues, such as the major allergens of apple, Mal d 1, and celery, Api g 1, as well. Development of tools for the reliable, sensitive and quick detection of allergens present in various food products is essential for @entity56 @entity1 to prevent the consumption of substances causing mild and even life-threatening immune responses. The use of monoclonal antibodies would ensure the specific detection of the harmful food content for a sensitised @entity1 . METHODS: Mouse IgG antibody libraries were constructed from immunised @entity19 and specific recombinant antibodies for Mal d 1 and Api g 1 were isolated from the libraries by phage display. More detailed characterisation of the resulting antibodies was carried out using ELISA, SPR experiments and immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS: The allergen-specific @entity1334 fragments exhibited high affinity towards the target recombinant allergens. Furthermore, the @entity1334 fragments also recognised native allergens from natural sources. Interestingly, isolated Mal d 1-specific antibody bound also to Bet v 1, the main allergen eliciting the cross-reactivity syndrome between the birch pollen and apple. Despite the similarities in Api g 1 and Bet v 1 tertiary structures, the isolated Api g 1-specific antibodies showed no cross-reactivity to Bet v 1. CONCLUSIONS: Here, high-affinity allergen-specific recombinant antibodies were isolated with interesting binding properties. With further development, these antibodies can be utilised as tools for the specific and reliable detection of allergens from different consumable products. This study gives new preliminary insights to elucidate the mechanism behind the @entity2023 and to study the IgG epitope of the allergens.

title: Isolation of Mal d 1 and Api g 1 - specific recombinant antibodies from mouse IgG XXXX fragment libraries - Mal d 1-specific antibody exhibits cross-reactivity against Bet v 1.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollen-food syndrome', 'pollen allergies']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity1334 :: (2187,Gene) :: ['Fab']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some important knowledge has recently been gained on @entity149 ( @entity149 ) despite its rarity. GOAL: This article summarizes the most relevant progress in the diagnostics and therapy of @entity149 and discusses future directions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Reference articles in the English language literature were studied with respect to future approaches in @entity149 . RESULTS: New diagnostic methods in cerebrospinal fluid have been developed to facilitate @entity706 diagnosis; however, their value still has to be validated. A better immunohistological and molecular characterization of @entity149 will probably result in identification of new therapeutic targets. The only phase III trial for @entity149 completed so far did not demonstrate a survival advantage with whole brain irradiation after high-dose @entity1499 (HDMTX)-based chemotherapy as compared to chemotherapy alone. The optimal primary chemotherapy has not yet been established due to a lack of results from randomized trials. Non-comparative studies suggest a superiority of combined polychemotherapy over HDMTX monotherapy. Future therapeutic developments are directed towards consolidation of HDMTX-based induction chemotherapy with noncross-resistant conventional chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation. An important goal of all therapies for @entity149 is to avoid delayed @entity2359 . DISCUSSION: Further improvement of diagnostics and well-designed comparative studies, including new drugs when possible are still needed to define the optimal management of this still frequently prognostically unfavorable disease.

title: [Primary XXXX : Progress in the diagnostics and therapy].

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'primary central nervous system lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['CNS lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The thermophilic filamentous fungus @entity44399 has many suitable characteristics for industrial biotechnology and could be a promising new chassis system for synthetic biology, particularly the ATCC 42464 strain, whose genome was sequenced in 2011. However, metabolic engineering of this strain using genetic approaches has not been reported owing to a lack of genetic tools for this organism. RESULTS: In the present study, we developed a high efficiency @entity3261 mediated transformation system for @entity27339 , including an approach for targeted gene deletion using green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a marker for selection. Up to 145 transformants per 10(5) conidia were obtained in one transformation plate. Moreover, a ku70 deletion mutant was constructed in the ATCC 42464 background using the tools developed in present study and subsequently characterized. The ku70 deletion construct was designed using resistance to @entity25889 as the selection marker. Additionally, a GFP-encoding cassette was incorporated that allowed for the selection of site-specific (no fluorescence) or ectopic (fluorescence) integration of the ku70 construct. Transformants with ectopically integrated ku70 deletion constructs were therefore identified using the fluorescent signal of GFP. PCR and Southern blotting analyses of non-fluorescent putative ku70 deletion transformants revealed all 11 tested transformants to be correct deletions. The deletion frequency in a pool of 116 transformants analyzed was 58  %. Moreover, the homologous rate improved about 3 folds under ku70 mutant using the pyrG as a test gene to disrupt in @entity27339 . CONCLUSIONS: We successfully developed an efficient transformation and target gene disruption approach for @entity73004 mediated by A. tumefaciens. The tools and the ku70 deletion strain developed here should advance the development of @entity27339 as an industrial host through metabolic engineering and accelerate the elucidation of the mechanism of rapid cellulose degradation in this thermophilic fungus.

title: Development of genetic tools for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']

entities_list: @entity44399 :: ('78579', 'Species') :: ['Myceliophthora thermophila']

entities_list: @entity25889 :: ('MESH:C003121', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphinothricin']

answer: @entity44399 :: (78579,Species) :: ['Myceliophthora thermophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical, epidemiological and laboratorial aspects for the understanding of the disease characteristics and its relationship with diagnostic tests. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive and analytical study involving 2,660 American @entity4536 (ACL) suspected @entity1 from southern Brazil was undertaken between April 1986 and December 2005. Data on population characteristics and laboratory tests were obtained. Diagnostic laboratory tests used were direct search for Leishmania spp. (DS), @entity272 ( @entity272 ) and indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA). RESULTS: 62.3% of @entity1 were positive for at least one laboratory test. DS test was positive in 65.1%; @entity272 in 92.3% and IFA in 70.0%. Although Cohen's Kappa test did not reveal any agreement with laboratory diagnosis for ACL, the association between @entity272 and IFA tests increased positiveness to 98.9%; @entity272 and DS to 97.2%; and IFA and DS to 85%. IFA and @entity272 positiveness were higher among @entity1 with < 2-month lesion-evolution time. Most ACL @entity1 were male (72.6%) in the age range of 15-49 years, featuring lesions during two months or less (53.9%) and a cutaneous form of the disease (88.0%). CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that for the adequate identification of ACL cases a combination of laboratory tests that involves the association of @entity272 with at least another test should be used.

title: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of XXXX and their relationship with the laboratory data, south of Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Montenegro skin test', 'MST']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: Several studies have identified the single nucleotide polymorphism @entity875 @entity73005 as a low-penetrance risk allele for @entity0 , but its prevalence and risk association in the Brazilian population have not been determined. The goal of this study was to identify the frequency of this polymorphism in the Brazilian setting. Considering the high degree of admixture of our population, it is of fundamental importance to validate the results already reported in the literature and also to verify the relationship between this variant and @entity0 risk. A total of 750 @entity1 without @entity0 were genotyped using the TaqMan PCR assay for @entity875 @entity73005 polymorphism. Clinical information was obtained from review of the medical records and mammographic density from the images obtained using the BI-RADS System. The estimated risk of developing @entity5 was calculated according to the Gail model. The genotypic frequencies observed in this study were 4.5, 38.7, and 56.6%, respectively, for the @entity875 @entity73005 AA, @entity1129 and TT genotypes. The @entity1129 and AA genotypes were encountered significantly more often in premenopausal @entity1 with moderately dense, dense and heterogeneously dense breast tissue (P = 0.023). In addition, the presence of the TT genotype was significantly associated with age at menarche >= 12 years (P = 0.023). High mammographic density, associated with @entity0 risk, was encountered more frequently in premenopausal @entity1 with the risk genotypes @entity875 @entity73005 AA and @entity1129 . The genotypic frequencies observed in our Brazilian sample were similar to those described in other predominantly European populations.

title: Prevalence of the XXXX @entity73005 polymorphism and its relationship with mammographic density.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'increased breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity73005 :: ('p|SUB|F|31|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['F31I']

answer: @entity875 :: (6790,Gene) :: ['STK15']


abstract: Several studies have identified the single nucleotide polymorphism @entity875 @entity73005 as a low-penetrance risk allele for @entity0 , but its prevalence and risk association in the Brazilian population have not been determined. The goal of this study was to identify the frequency of this polymorphism in the Brazilian setting. Considering the high degree of admixture of our population, it is of fundamental importance to validate the results already reported in the literature and also to verify the relationship between this variant and @entity0 risk. A total of 750 @entity1 without @entity0 were genotyped using the TaqMan PCR assay for @entity875 @entity73005 polymorphism. Clinical information was obtained from review of the medical records and mammographic density from the images obtained using the BI-RADS System. The estimated risk of developing @entity5 was calculated according to the Gail model. The genotypic frequencies observed in this study were 4.5, 38.7, and 56.6%, respectively, for the @entity875 @entity73005 AA, @entity1129 and TT genotypes. The @entity1129 and AA genotypes were encountered significantly more often in premenopausal @entity1 with moderately dense, dense and heterogeneously dense breast tissue (P = 0.023). In addition, the presence of the TT genotype was significantly associated with age at menarche >= 12 years (P = 0.023). High mammographic density, associated with @entity0 risk, was encountered more frequently in premenopausal @entity1 with the risk genotypes @entity875 @entity73005 AA and @entity1129 . The genotypic frequencies observed in our Brazilian sample were similar to those described in other predominantly European populations.

title: Prevalence of the @entity875 XXXX polymorphism and its relationship with mammographic density.

answer: @entity73005 :: (p|SUB|F|31|I,ProteinMutation) :: ['F31I']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term outcomes and complication management of submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection(STER) for esophageal @entity5 ( @entity5 ) originating from the muscularis propria( @entity2468 ) layer. METHODS: Clinical data of 48 @entity1 with esophageal @entity5 from @entity2468 layer undergoing STER in the Department of Gastroenterology, the First @entity1 's Hospital of Xiangshan, Zhejiang, and the Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai between September 2013 and August 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological features, complication management, and short-term outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: All the @entity1 underwent STER successfully. The complete resection rate was 100%. The mean maximum diameter of the lesions was (22.9  12.1) mm (range 9.0-60.0 mm), and the mean operation time 41.8 min (range 15.0-140.0 min). Intraoperative @entity3137 occurred in 5 @entity1 (10.4%), which was successfully clipped, @entity516 in 2 @entity1 (4.2%) and @entity9285 in 3 @entity1 (6.3%), which were successfully controlled with conservative treatments. Five @entity1 (10.4%) had postoperative severe @entity662 . Seven @entity1 (14.6%) developed @entity221 , among them, 5 were managed by conservative therapy, and 2 were @entity281 , who were successfully treated after reclosing the ruptured tunnel entry with clips. All the @entity5 had @entity5 -free resection margins. The average length of postoperative hospital stay was 2.4 days (range 1-13 days). Local recurrence and distant metastasis did not occur during mean 6.8 months (range 2-12 months) follow up. CONCLUSIONS: STER appears to be a safe and effective option for esophageal @entity5 originating from @entity2468 layer. Common complications related to STER often can be successfully controlled with conservative treatments.

title: [Submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection in the treatment of esophageal XXXX originating from muscularis propria layer].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['SMTs', 'submucosal tumors', 'tumor', 'removed tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal tunnel infection']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['submucosal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Herpes zoster virus vaccine was recommended for the prevention of @entity4091 and its sequelae by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in 2006. To date the efficacy and safety of vaccination for preventing the most common complication of zoster, @entity14000 , has not been systematically  reviewed. OBJECTIVES: To  assess  the  efficacy  and  safety  of  vaccination in preventing @entity14000 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched MEDLINE (January 1966 to December 2010), EMBASE (January 1980 to January 2011), LILACS (January 1982 to December 2010), the Cochrane @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ) Group Specialized Register (10 January 2010), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (10 January 2010 in the Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2010) and the Chinese Biomedical Retrieval System (January 1978 to December 2010). We also checked the references of published studies to identify additional trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised  controlled  trials comparing @entity7794 vaccination with placebo, no vaccination or another intervention, irrespective of publication status or language. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality, then extracted and analysed data from the trials which met the inclusion criteria. We collected adverse effects information from the trials. MAIN RESULTS: One trial, which involved 38,546 subjects and compared vaccination with placebo, met our inclusion criteria. This included study was of high quality. However, its @entity1 were all aged 60 years or more and most of them were white, which may mean that its findings are not applicable to all populations. The vaccine was effective in decreasing the incidence of @entity4091 , but there was no evidence that it had efficacy in reducing the incidence of @entity14000 beyond its effect on the incidence of @entity4091 . Adverse events at the injection site were more common among vaccine recipients than placebo recipients, but they were mild and resolved in a few days. Serious adverse events were rare. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient direct evidence from specialised trials to prove the efficacy of vaccine for preventing @entity14000 beyond its effect on reducing @entity4091 , although vaccination may be efficacious and safe for preventing @entity4091 and thus reduce the incidence of @entity14000 in adults aged 60 years or older.

title: Vaccination for preventing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromuscular Disease', 'NMD']

entities_list: @entity7794 :: ('10335', 'Species') :: ['varicella zoster virus']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['herpes zoster']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

answer: @entity14000 :: (MESH:D051474,Disease) :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']


abstract: PURPOSE: As @entity463 progresses, @entity1 experience a decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Delaying this decline is an important treatment goal. In newly diagnosed @entity463 , progression-free survival was prolonged when bevacizumab was added to radiotherapy plus @entity2903 (RT/ @entity2904 ) versus placebo plus RT/ @entity2904 (phase III AVAglio study; hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.74; P < .001). To ensure that addition of bevacizumab to standard-of-care therapy was not associated with HRQoL detriment, HRQoL assessment was a secondary objective. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 completed European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaires C30 and BN20 at each @entity5 assessment (Appendix Table A1, online only). Raw scores were converted to a 100-point scale and mean changes from baseline scores were evaluated (stable: < 10-point change; clinically relevant deterioration/improvement: >=  10-point change). Deterioration-free survival was the time to deterioration/progression/death; time to deterioration was the time to deterioration/death. RESULTS: Most evaluable @entity1 who had not progressed (> 74%) completed all HRQoL assessments for at least 1 year of treatment, and almost all completed at least one HRQoL assessment at baseline (98.3% and 97.6%, bevacizumab and placebo arms, respectively). Mean changes from baseline did not reach a clinically relevant difference between arms for most items. HRQoL declined at progression in both arms. The addition of bevacizumab to RT/ @entity2904 resulted in statistically longer (P < .001) deterioration-free survival across all items. Time to deterioration was not statistically longer in the placebo plus RT/ @entity2904 arm (v bevacizumab) for any HRQoL item. CONCLUSION: The addition of bevacizumab to standard-of-care treatment for newly diagnosed @entity463 had no impact on HRQoL during the progression-free period.

title: Health-Related Quality of Life in a Randomized Phase III Study of Bevacizumab, @entity2903 , and Radiotherapy in Newly Diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: As @entity463 progresses, @entity1 experience a decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Delaying this decline is an important treatment goal. In newly diagnosed @entity463 , progression-free survival was prolonged when bevacizumab was added to radiotherapy plus @entity2903 (RT/ @entity2904 ) versus placebo plus RT/ @entity2904 (phase III AVAglio study; hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.74; P < .001). To ensure that addition of bevacizumab to standard-of-care therapy was not associated with HRQoL detriment, HRQoL assessment was a secondary objective. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 completed European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaires C30 and BN20 at each @entity5 assessment (Appendix Table A1, online only). Raw scores were converted to a 100-point scale and mean changes from baseline scores were evaluated (stable: < 10-point change; clinically relevant deterioration/improvement: >=  10-point change). Deterioration-free survival was the time to deterioration/progression/death; time to deterioration was the time to deterioration/death. RESULTS: Most evaluable @entity1 who had not progressed (> 74%) completed all HRQoL assessments for at least 1 year of treatment, and almost all completed at least one HRQoL assessment at baseline (98.3% and 97.6%, bevacizumab and placebo arms, respectively). Mean changes from baseline did not reach a clinically relevant difference between arms for most items. HRQoL declined at progression in both arms. The addition of bevacizumab to RT/ @entity2904 resulted in statistically longer (P < .001) deterioration-free survival across all items. Time to deterioration was not statistically longer in the placebo plus RT/ @entity2904 arm (v bevacizumab) for any HRQoL item. CONCLUSION: The addition of bevacizumab to standard-of-care treatment for newly diagnosed @entity463 had no impact on HRQoL during the progression-free period.

title: Health-Related Quality of Life in a Randomized Phase III Study of Bevacizumab, XXXX , and Radiotherapy in Newly Diagnosed @entity463 .

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['Temozolomide']