abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent developments in computer technology have raised expectations that fully automated diagnostic instruments will become available to diagnose @entity320 without the need of @entity1 expertise. OBJECTIVES: To critically review the contemporary literature on computer diagnosis of @entity320 , evaluate the accuracy of such computer diagnosis, analyze the influence of study characteristics, and compare the accuracy of computer diagnosis of @entity320 with @entity1 diagnosis. METHODS: Quantitative meta-analysis of published reports. DATA SOURCES: Eligible studies were identified by a MEDLINE search covering the period from January 1991 to March 2002, by manual searches of the reference lists of retrieved articles, and by direct communication with experts. RESULTS: Thirty studies with substantial differences in methodological quality were deemed eligible for meta-analysis. Five of these complied with the predetermined list of "good quality" requirements, but none met all methodological quality requirements. Ten of these studies compared the performance of computer diagnosis with @entity1 diagnosis. The diagnostic accuracy achieved with computer diagnosis was statistically not different from that of @entity1 diagnosis (log odds ratios, 3.36 vs 3.51; P =.80). The diagnostic performance of the computer diagnosis was better for studies that used dermoscopic images than for studies that used clinical images (log odds ratios, 4.2 vs 3.4; P =.08). Other study characteristics did not significantly influence the accuracy of the computer diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The computer diagnosis of @entity320 is accurate under experimental conditions, but the practical value of automated diagnostic instruments under real-world conditions is currently unknown. We suggest minimum requirements for methodological quality in future experimental studies or, ideally, randomized controlled trials.

title: Accuracy of computer diagnosis of XXXX : a quantitative meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the change in reading-performance parameters after implantation of the Kamra small-aperture intracorneal inlay over a 2-year follow-up. SETTING: University Eye Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: This study comprised naturally emmetropic presbyopic @entity1 . Bilateral reading acuity, reading distance, reading speed, and the smallest log-scaled sentence were evaluated in a standardized testing procedure using the Salzburg Reading Desk. The minimum postoperative follow-up was 24 months. RESULTS: The study enrolled 32 @entity1 . The reading desk results showed a significant improvement in each parameter tested. After a mean follow-up of 24.2 months    0.8 (SD), the mean reading distance changed from the preoperative value of 48.1    5.5 cm to 38.9    6.3 cm (P < .0001), the mean reading acuity at best distance improved from 0.3    0.14 logRAD to 0.24    0.11 logRAD (P < .000001), and the mean reading speed increased from 142    13 words per minute (wpm) to 149    17 wpm (P=.029). One @entity1 @entity20240 line, and 1 @entity1 had no change. The improvement was up to 6 log-scaled lines (mean improvement 2.7    1.6 lines) in the other 30 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: After implantation of the small-aperture intracorneal inlay, there was an improvement in all tested reading performance parameters in emmetropic presbyopic @entity1 ; the improvement was the result of an increased depth of field. These 2-year results indicate that the inlay is an effective treatment for @entity10818 .

title: Reading performance after implantation of a small-aperture corneal inlay for the surgical correction of XXXX : Two-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10818 :: ('MESH:D011305', 'Disease') :: ['presbyopia']

answer: @entity10818 :: (MESH:D011305,Disease) :: ['presbyopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the histogenesis, pathologic features and differential diagnosis of prostatic primary @entity2580 . METHODS: 10 cases of the primary @entity2580 were detected from 262 cases of @entity263 diagnosed on needle biopsy were investigated by routine pathological, immunohistochemical and histochemical methods, and then compared with 10 cases of signet ring cell @entity189 of the stomach and colon. 3 cases were studied with electron microscopy. RESULTS: 9 cases of @entity263 were associated with concurrent high-grade conventional @entity263 , but at least 25% of the @entity5 consisted of signet ring cells. Only one case was @entity2580 . Neoplastic signet ring cells may be divided into two types: the first type showed formation of intracytoplasmic lumina or vacuole, and the second type had intracytoplasmic accumulation of @entity7735 . Both types of signet ring cells were negative for @entity3558 staining (AB/PAS and @entity7642 ). Therefore they differed from signet ring cell @entity189 of the stomach and colon. CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity263 is a low-differentiated @entity420 of a special histologic type, which arises from the epithelial cells of the prostate acinus. They can be distinguished from metastatic @entity2580 of the stomach and colon and also from vacuolate degeneration of conventional @entity189 after endocrine or radiation therapy.

title: [Pathologic diagnosis and histogenesis of primary XXXX of the prostate].

entities_list: @entity7735 :: ('MESH:C563250', 'Disease') :: ['excess PSA and/or PAP']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'prostate signet ring cell carcinoma', 'prostate carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['pure signet ring cell carcinoma', 'signet ring cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7642 :: ('MESH:C029618', 'Chemical') :: ['mucicarmine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2580 :: (MESH:D018279,Disease) :: ['signet ring cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Gated-SPECT simultaneously evaluates perfusion and ventricular function and could provide important prognostic information in @entity296 . Our aim was to study the value of gated-SPECT performed before revascularization in a cardioischemic population to predict the outcome of revascularization. METHODS: One hundred and ten @entity1 who had undergone percutaneous (n = 100) or surgical revascularization were included. @entity1 underwent sestamibi gated-SPECT before revascularization. After revascularization, they were followed-up for at least 12 months (mean 23.7 months, maximum 44 months). We recorded @entity204 and a combined clinical event of @entity204 , non-fatal @entity1188 , and hospital re-admission for cardiac reasons. We analyzed the prognostic value of clinical, angiographic, and gated-SPECT variables. RESULTS: During follow-up, there were 14 @entity204 (6.4%/ year) and 36 cases of combined events (16.5%/year). Multivariate analysis showed that depressed gated-SPECT ejection fraction (threshold 0.30) was the only variable independently related to @entity204 (OR = 4.8; 95%CI, 1.6-14.6) and combined event (OR = 2.5; 95%CI, 1.2-4.8). Survival analysis showed that @entity1 with ejection fraction < or = 0.30% had a significantly shorter period of time free of @entity204 (33 months [28-38] versus 42 months [40-44]; p = 0.002) and combined events (28 months [23-32] versus 36 months [33-39]; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Gated-SPECT, due to the information it provides about left ventricular function, predicts the prognosis of @entity1 after coronary revascularization.

title: [Value of gated-SPECT in defining the post-revascularization prognosis of @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Gated-SPECT simultaneously evaluates perfusion and ventricular function and could provide important prognostic information in @entity296 . Our aim was to study the value of gated-SPECT performed before revascularization in a cardioischemic population to predict the outcome of revascularization. METHODS: One hundred and ten @entity1 who had undergone percutaneous (n = 100) or surgical revascularization were included. @entity1 underwent sestamibi gated-SPECT before revascularization. After revascularization, they were followed-up for at least 12 months (mean 23.7 months, maximum 44 months). We recorded @entity204 and a combined clinical event of @entity204 , non-fatal @entity1188 , and hospital re-admission for cardiac reasons. We analyzed the prognostic value of clinical, angiographic, and gated-SPECT variables. RESULTS: During follow-up, there were 14 @entity204 (6.4%/ year) and 36 cases of combined events (16.5%/year). Multivariate analysis showed that depressed gated-SPECT ejection fraction (threshold 0.30) was the only variable independently related to @entity204 (OR = 4.8; 95%CI, 1.6-14.6) and combined event (OR = 2.5; 95%CI, 1.2-4.8). Survival analysis showed that @entity1 with ejection fraction < or = 0.30% had a significantly shorter period of time free of @entity204 (33 months [28-38] versus 42 months [40-44]; p = 0.002) and combined events (28 months [23-32] versus 36 months [33-39]; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Gated-SPECT, due to the information it provides about left ventricular function, predicts the prognosis of @entity1 after coronary revascularization.

title: [Value of gated-SPECT in defining the post-revascularization prognosis of XXXX with @entity296 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) sequesters @entity141 and plays a crucial role in the regulation of intracellular @entity141 . Its functional properties are central to the excitation-contraction cycle of cardiac muscle. In this study, we hypothesized that alterations in SR function occur during the development of left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 . @entity4346 was produced in Lewis @entity35 by the one-kidney, one-clip (1K1C) procedure. LV tissues were obtained from 1K1C @entity35 1 week (mild, N=7), 4 weeks (moderate, N=7), and 8 weeks (severe, N=7) post-surgery and from the corresponding age-matched, sham-operated controls (N=7 at each stage). In all of these @entity35 , the ratio of LV weight (g) to body weight (kg) was determined and considered as an index for @entity4346 . In addition, the ratio of lung weight (g) to body weight (kg) was determined and considered as an index for @entity891 and @entity712 . In each LV specimen, SR @entity141 -uptake and tissue @entity141 -ATPase ( @entity3386 ) level were determined. In 1K1C @entity35 , @entity4346 increased by 21, 40, and 90% at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively, compared to the age-matched, sham-operated @entity35 , whereas @entity891 did not occur at 1 and 4 weeks but increased significantly by about 21% at 8 weeks. Further, both SR @entity141 -uptake and immunodetectable @entity3386 level did not change at 1 week, increased (54%) to the same extent at 4 weeks, and decreased (42%) by approximately the same extent at 8 weeks in 1K1C @entity35 compared to the age-matched, sham-operated @entity35 . In summary, as @entity4346 evolved, @entity141 -uptake and @entity3386 expression did not change in the early, increased in the moderate, and then declined in the later stages of @entity1184 development. The increase in @entity141 -uptake and @entity3386 expression suggests, at the cellular level, a compensatory response to @entity4346 , while the decline at later stages indicates the transition to @entity712 .

title: Assessment of sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -uptake during the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) sequesters @entity141 and plays a crucial role in the regulation of intracellular @entity141 . Its functional properties are central to the excitation-contraction cycle of cardiac muscle. In this study, we hypothesized that alterations in SR function occur during the development of left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 . @entity4346 was produced in Lewis @entity35 by the one-kidney, one-clip (1K1C) procedure. LV tissues were obtained from 1K1C @entity35 1 week (mild, N=7), 4 weeks (moderate, N=7), and 8 weeks (severe, N=7) post-surgery and from the corresponding age-matched, sham-operated controls (N=7 at each stage). In all of these @entity35 , the ratio of LV weight (g) to body weight (kg) was determined and considered as an index for @entity4346 . In addition, the ratio of lung weight (g) to body weight (kg) was determined and considered as an index for @entity891 and @entity712 . In each LV specimen, SR @entity141 -uptake and tissue @entity141 -ATPase ( @entity3386 ) level were determined. In 1K1C @entity35 , @entity4346 increased by 21, 40, and 90% at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively, compared to the age-matched, sham-operated @entity35 , whereas @entity891 did not occur at 1 and 4 weeks but increased significantly by about 21% at 8 weeks. Further, both SR @entity141 -uptake and immunodetectable @entity3386 level did not change at 1 week, increased (54%) to the same extent at 4 weeks, and decreased (42%) by approximately the same extent at 8 weeks in 1K1C @entity35 compared to the age-matched, sham-operated @entity35 . In summary, as @entity4346 evolved, @entity141 -uptake and @entity3386 expression did not change in the early, increased in the moderate, and then declined in the later stages of @entity1184 development. The increase in @entity141 -uptake and @entity3386 expression suggests, at the cellular level, a compensatory response to @entity4346 , while the decline at later stages indicates the transition to @entity712 .

title: Assessment of sarcoplasmic reticulum XXXX -uptake during the development of @entity4346 .

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that tenidap has a structure-modifying effect in @entity1 @entity626 . DESIGN:                 <AbstractText Label="STUDY" NlmCategory="METHODS">multicenter, prospective, randomized, double blind, 1 year duration. @entity1 : primary @entity158 (ACR criteria) of the medial tibiofemoral compartment, medial joint space width > or =2mm, at least 10% of one cartilage surface of the medial compartment affected by superficial fibrillation or worse at baseline arthroscopy. STUDY MEDICATION: once daily dosage of either tenidap 40 mg, tenidap 120 mg or @entity5230 20mg. STUDY ENDPOINTS: bilateral extended weight-bearing X-rays and knee arthroscopy under local anaesthesia were done at entry and after 1 year. Joint space width was measured in millimeters at the narrowest point of the medial compartment. Chondropathy was scored by using reader's overall assessment (VAS score, 100mm) and Soci  t   Fran  aise d'Arthroscopie ( @entity10194 ) score (0-100). RESULTS: @entity1 (665) were randomized and 494 completed the study. After 1 year, intra-group radiological changes and radiological difference between both tenidap groups and the @entity5230 group did not reach statistical significance. The intra-group arthroscopic @entity5122 was low, but statistically significant in the three study groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between both tenidap groups and the @entity5230 group. CONCLUSIONS: This study failed to demonstrate any difference between the treatment arms with regard to the structural progression of medial @entity626 as measured by radiography and arthroscopy. Arthroscopy did, however, appears to be more sensitive in detecting disease progression than the weight-bearing radiographs with fully extended knees. This study shows that it is possible to complete a large international trial using arthroscopy as an outcome measure of articular cartilage.

title: Arthroscopic evaluation of potential structure-modifying @entity626 . A multicenter, randomized, double-blind comparison of tenidap sodium vs XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of chondropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity5230 :: (MESH:D010894,Chemical) :: ['piroxicam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that tenidap has a structure-modifying effect in @entity1 @entity626 . DESIGN:                 <AbstractText Label="STUDY" NlmCategory="METHODS">multicenter, prospective, randomized, double blind, 1 year duration. @entity1 : primary @entity158 (ACR criteria) of the medial tibiofemoral compartment, medial joint space width > or =2mm, at least 10% of one cartilage surface of the medial compartment affected by superficial fibrillation or worse at baseline arthroscopy. STUDY MEDICATION: once daily dosage of either tenidap 40 mg, tenidap 120 mg or @entity5230 20mg. STUDY ENDPOINTS: bilateral extended weight-bearing X-rays and knee arthroscopy under local anaesthesia were done at entry and after 1 year. Joint space width was measured in millimeters at the narrowest point of the medial compartment. Chondropathy was scored by using reader's overall assessment (VAS score, 100mm) and Soci  t   Fran  aise d'Arthroscopie ( @entity10194 ) score (0-100). RESULTS: @entity1 (665) were randomized and 494 completed the study. After 1 year, intra-group radiological changes and radiological difference between both tenidap groups and the @entity5230 group did not reach statistical significance. The intra-group arthroscopic @entity5122 was low, but statistically significant in the three study groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between both tenidap groups and the @entity5230 group. CONCLUSIONS: This study failed to demonstrate any difference between the treatment arms with regard to the structural progression of medial @entity626 as measured by radiography and arthroscopy. Arthroscopy did, however, appears to be more sensitive in detecting disease progression than the weight-bearing radiographs with fully extended knees. This study shows that it is possible to complete a large international trial using arthroscopy as an outcome measure of articular cartilage.

title: Arthroscopic evaluation of potential structure-modifying XXXX . A multicenter, randomized, double-blind comparison of tenidap sodium vs @entity5230 .

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['drug in osteoarthritis of the knee']


abstract: The activity of the alpha interferons against AIDS-related @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ) has been demonstrated in numerous clinical trials. Unfortunately, most reports have involved small @entity1 cohorts and a variety of dosages and schedules of administration. We report here a series of Phase II trials with interferon alfa-2b (Intron A, Schering Corp., Kenilworth, NJ) involving 114 @entity1 using three dose regimens. @entity1 received 50 X 10(6) IU/m2 intravenously (high dose), 30 X 10(6) IU/m2 subcutaneously (intermediate dose), or 1 X 10(6) IU/m2 subcutaneously (low dose). Clinical responses were seen in all regimens and, overall, 35% of the @entity1 obtained complete or partial remissions. The response rates in the low-, intermediate-, and high-dose groups were 33%, 28%, and 45%, respectively. In addition, high-dose therapy was associated with more rapid time to response. @entity1 with @entity34 and those who lack B symptoms were more likely to respond to therapy; i.e., response rates for @entity1 without B symptoms were 38%, 44%, and 60% in the low-, intermediate-, and high-dose groups, respectively. Seventy (61%) @entity1 had died at the time of data collection, with a median survival of 15 months. Disease stage and the presence of B symptoms significantly affected mortality. Responders enjoyed significantly longer survival (P less than 0.10) than did nonresponders both overall and when adjusted for disease stage. Interferon alfa-2b was generally well tolerated, although almost all @entity1 experienced @entity683 -like symptoms. No life-threatening @entity137 occurred and only six (6%) @entity1 discontinued treatment due to adverse reactions. No significant improvement in immunologic parameters was detected during this study. These studies suggest that, in this disease setting, interferon alfa-2b may be acting through direct antiproliferative effects rather than as an immunomodulator, and higher doses appear to be more effective than very low doses.

title: Treatment of XXXX with interferon alfa-2b (Intron A).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", 'KS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['low-stage (I or II) disease']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi's sarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background   Surgical management of @entity135 is resource intensive and physiologically demanding. In @entity1 with incurable disease, although the indications for surgery are not well defined, palliative benefit can be significant. The goal of this investigation was to compare outcomes of @entity1 who underwent resection and reconstruction of @entity135 with curative intent with those who underwent similar procedures with palliative intent. Methods   A retrospective review of @entity1 who underwent reconstruction for @entity135 between 2008 and 2014 was conducted. @entity1 were divided into curative and palliative groups. Outcomes assessed included @entity260 and survival. Results   A total of 147 @entity1 who underwent 156 operations met inclusion criteria (27 palliative and 129 curative). In both cohorts, the most common histology was @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and the most common primary @entity5 site was the oral cavity. There was no significant difference between the cohorts in the rates of systemic and reconstructive complications, postoperative hospital length of stay, 30-day mortality, and flap survival. Overall survival in palliative @entity1 was significantly shorter compared with curative @entity1 (median OS, 6.2 months vs. 56.1 months, respectively; p   <   0.0001). Among @entity1 undergoing palliative surgery, @entity1 without carotid involvement and those with non- @entity957 were significantly more likely to have longer survival. Conclusion   Surgical resection with reconstruction is possible in head and neck oncologic @entity1 undergoing palliative treatment. Palliative @entity1 have similar short-term outcomes when compared with @entity1 undergoing resection for curative intent. Quality-of-life and economic implications of these approaches deserve closer scrutiny.

title: Palliative Reconstruction for the Management of Incurable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Cancer']


abstract: The hemocompatibility and biocompatibility of a stent are determined by the physical and electrochemical properties of the stent surface. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility, safety and efficacy of implantation of a stent coated with @entity12957 . Baseline characteristics were collected prospectively. The occurrence of cardiac adverse events and the angina score were assessed at clinical follow-up. A total of 193 Tensum stents were implanted in 174 @entity1 . In hospital, one @entity1 experienced stent @entity715 and in 6% of the @entity1 a @entity1011 kinase elevation to 240 U/l or more occurred. Long-term follow-up was performed in 172 @entity1 , with a mean follow-up of 454 +/- 181 days. Ninety-seven per cent were still alive, 15% had undergone target-vessel revascularization, and 2% had angiographic restenosis and were treated with medication only. Seventy-one per cent of the @entity1 were free of anginal complaints, and 20% had anginal complaints in Canadian Cardiac Society class I or II. The Tensum coronary stent showed to be a safe and efficacious device in this study, with a high primary success rate and favorable long-term clinical followup.

title: Initial results and long-term clinical follow-up of an amorphous hydrogenated XXXX -coated stent in daily practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity12957 :: ('MESH:C022088', 'Chemical') :: ['silicon carbide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity12957 :: (MESH:C022088,Chemical) :: ['silicon-carbide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 among @entity1 (<5 years) in Cameroon, based on weight-for-height index, has doubled between 1991 and 2006. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of @entity2973 and @entity28 among @entity1 aged 6 months to 5 years in Cameroon in 2011. METHODS: Four thousand five hundred and eighteen @entity1 (2205 @entity1 and 2313 @entity1 ) aged between 6 to 59 months were sampled in the 2011 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) database. Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores based on WHO 2006 reference population was chosen to estimate @entity2973 (BMI z-score > 2) and @entity28 (BMI for age > 3). Regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors of @entity2973 / @entity28 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 was 8% (1.7% for @entity28 alone). @entity1 were more affected by @entity2973 than @entity1 with a prevalence of 9.7% and 6.4% respectively. The highest prevalence of @entity2973 was observed in the Grassfield area (including @entity1 living in West and North-West regions) (15.3%). Factors that were independently associated with @entity2973 and @entity28 included: having @entity2973 mother (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.51; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.97) and @entity28 mother (aOR = 2.19; 95% CI = 155 to 3.07), compared to having normal weight mother; high birth weight (aOR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.24 to 2.28) compared to normal birth weight; male gender (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.95); low birth rank (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.72); being aged between 13-24 months (aOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.66) and 25-36 months (aOR = 2.79; 95% CI 1.93 to 4.13) compared to being aged 45 to 49 months; living in the grassfield area (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.87 to 3.79) compared to living in Forest area. Muslim appeared as a protective factor (aOR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.95).compared to Christian religion. CONCLUSION: This study underlines a high prevalence of early childhood @entity2973 with significant disparities between ecological areas of Cameroon. Risk factors of @entity2973 included high maternal BMI, high birth weight, male gender, low birth rank, aged between 13-36 months, and living in the Grassfield area while being Muslim appeared as a protective factor. Preventive strategies should be strengthened especially in Grassfield areas and should focus on sensitization campaigns to reduce @entity2973 and @entity28 in mothers and on reinforcement of measures such as surveillance of weight gain during antenatal consultation and clinical follow-up of @entity1 with high birth weight. Meanwhile, further studies including nutritional characteristics are of great interest to understand the association with religion, @entity1 age and ecological area in this age group, and will help in refining preventive strategies against childhood @entity2973 and @entity28 in Cameroon.

title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Overweight and XXXX among @entity1 Aged 6-59 Months in Cameroon: A Multistage, Stratified Cluster Sampling Nationwide Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Boys', 'people', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. The prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 among @entity1 (<5 years) in Cameroon, based on weight-for-height index, has doubled between 1991 and 2006. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of @entity2973 and @entity28 among @entity1 aged 6 months to 5 years in Cameroon in 2011. METHODS: Four thousand five hundred and eighteen @entity1 (2205 @entity1 and 2313 @entity1 ) aged between 6 to 59 months were sampled in the 2011 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) database. Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores based on WHO 2006 reference population was chosen to estimate @entity2973 (BMI z-score > 2) and @entity28 (BMI for age > 3). Regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors of @entity2973 / @entity28 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 was 8% (1.7% for @entity28 alone). @entity1 were more affected by @entity2973 than @entity1 with a prevalence of 9.7% and 6.4% respectively. The highest prevalence of @entity2973 was observed in the Grassfield area (including @entity1 living in West and North-West regions) (15.3%). Factors that were independently associated with @entity2973 and @entity28 included: having @entity2973 mother (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.51; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.97) and @entity28 mother (aOR = 2.19; 95% CI = 155 to 3.07), compared to having normal weight mother; high birth weight (aOR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.24 to 2.28) compared to normal birth weight; male gender (aOR = 1.56; 95% CI 1.24 to 1.95); low birth rank (aOR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.72); being aged between 13-24 months (aOR = 1.81; 95% CI = 1.21 to 2.66) and 25-36 months (aOR = 2.79; 95% CI 1.93 to 4.13) compared to being aged 45 to 49 months; living in the grassfield area (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.87 to 3.79) compared to living in Forest area. Muslim appeared as a protective factor (aOR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.95).compared to Christian religion. CONCLUSION: This study underlines a high prevalence of early childhood @entity2973 with significant disparities between ecological areas of Cameroon. Risk factors of @entity2973 included high maternal BMI, high birth weight, male gender, low birth rank, aged between 13-36 months, and living in the Grassfield area while being Muslim appeared as a protective factor. Preventive strategies should be strengthened especially in Grassfield areas and should focus on sensitization campaigns to reduce @entity2973 and @entity28 in mothers and on reinforcement of measures such as surveillance of weight gain during antenatal consultation and clinical follow-up of @entity1 with high birth weight. Meanwhile, further studies including nutritional characteristics are of great interest to understand the association with religion, @entity1 age and ecological area in this age group, and will help in refining preventive strategies against childhood @entity2973 and @entity28 in Cameroon.

title: Prevalence and Risk Factors of Overweight and @entity28 among XXXX Aged 6-59 Months in Cameroon: A Multistage, Stratified Cluster Sampling Nationwide Survey.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: @entity358 were induced in BALB/c @entity19 by the intratracheal injection of insoluble polymerized dextran and latex microparticles. Very large @entity738 developed around dextran beads, which reached peak intensity within 2-3 days and rapidly declined in size thereafter. Latex beads generated small stable lesions. The involvement of cell-mediated immunity could not be demonstrated in the inflammatory responses induced by either type of bead. Antigen-induced @entity56 ( @entity56 ) and mitogen-induced @entity56 -like footpad reactions were markedly suppressed in immunized @entity19 bearing early dextran @entity738 . Mitogen-induced @entity56 -like footpad reactions were suppressed in unimmunized animals bearing early dextran @entity6401 . Antigen- and mitogen-induced @entity4 recovered to normal levels as dextran @entity738 diminished in size. No suppression of these footpad reactions was observed in @entity19 bearing small latex @entity6401 . The intraperitoneal injection of aqueous extracts prepared from the lungs of unimmunized donor animals bearing early dextran @entity6401 could partially transfer suppression of mitogen @entity56 -like footpad responses to normal @entity19 . These results suggest that cells within large, nonimmunologic lung @entity738 produce a soluble factor which participates in the expression of anergy-like immunosuppression.

title: Anergy-like immunosuppression in XXXX bearing pulmonary foreign-body granulomatous inflammation.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['footpad swelling']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary granulomas']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['DTH', 'delayed type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity6401 :: ('MESH:D015745', 'Disease') :: ['foreign-body granulomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the effect of increasing the overall treatment time as well as delivering the compensating doses on the Balb/c @entity0 . Materials and methods A total of 72 @entity19 were divided into two aliquots (classes A and B) based on the initial size of their induced @entity5 . Each class was divided into a control and several treatment groups. Among the treatment groups, group 1 was continuously exposed to 2 Gy irradiation, and groups 2 and 3 received two subfractions of 1 Gy over the total treatment times of 30 and 60 min, respectively. To investigate the effect of compensating doses, calculated based on the developed linear quadratic model (LQ) model, the remaining two groups (groups 4 and 5) received two subfractions of 1.16 and 1.24 Gy over the total treatment times of 30 and 60 min, respectively. The growing curves, @entity5 Growth Time (TGT), @entity5 Growth Delay Time (TGDT) and the survival of the animals were studied. Results For class A ( @entity5 size    <=   30   mm(3)), the average @entity5 size in the irradiated groups 1-5 was considerably different compared to the control group as one unit (day) change in time, by amount of   -160.8,   -158.9,   +39.4 and   +44.0, respectively. While these amounts were   +22.0,   +17.9,   -21.7 and   -0.1 for class B ( @entity5 size   >=    400   mm(3)). For the class A of animals, the TGT and TGDT parameters were significantly lower (0    <=   0.05) for the groups 2 and 3, compared to group 1. There was no significant difference (p   >   0.05) between groups 1, 4 and 5 in this class. There was no significant difference (p   >   0.05) between all the treated groups in class B. Conclusions Increasing total treatment time affects the radiobiological efficiency of treatment especially in small-sized @entity5 . The compensating doses derived from the LQ model can be used to compensate the effects of prolonged treatment times at in vivo condition.

title: The application of the linear quadratic model to compensate the effects of prolonged fraction delivery time on a Balb/C XXXX : An in vivo study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast adenocarcinoma (4T1) tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast adenocarcinoma tumor']


abstract: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of related receptors implicated in a diverse array of biological processes. There are 3 main isotypes of PPARs known as @entity5601 , @entity11589 and @entity6864 and each is organized into domains associated with a function such as ligand binding, activation and DNA binding. PPARs are activated by ligands, which can be both endogenous such as @entity1718 or their derivatives, or synthetic, such as peroxisome proliferators, hypolipidaemic drugs, anti-inflammatory or insulin-sensitizing drugs. Once activated, PPARs bind to DNA and regulate gene transcription. The different isotypes differ in their expression patterns, lending clues on their function. @entity5601 is expressed mainly in liver whereas @entity6864 is expressed in fat and in some macrophages. Activation of @entity5601 in rodent liver is associated with peroxisome proliferation and with suppression of apoptosis and induction of cell proliferation. The mechanism by which activation of @entity5601 regulates apoptosis and proliferation is unclear but is likely to involve target gene transcription. Similarly, @entity6864 is involved in the induction of cell growth arrest occurring during the differentiation process of fibroblasts to adipocytes. However, it has been implicated in the regulation of cell cycle and cell proliferation in @entity694 models. Less in known concerning @entity11589 but it was identified as a downstream target gene for @entity1412 /beta-catenin/T cell factor-4 @entity5 suppressor pathway, which is involved in the regulation of growth promoting genes such as @entity517 and @entity4910 . Marked species and tissue differences in the expression of PPARs complicate the extrapolation of pre-clinical data to @entity1 . For example, @entity5601 ligands such as the hypolipidaemic fibrates have been used extensively in the clinic over the past 20 years to treat @entity65 and side effects of clinical fibrate use are rare, despite the observation that these compounds are rodent carcinogens. Similarly, adverse clinical responses have been seen with @entity6864 ligands that were not predicted by pre-clinical models. Here, we consider the response to @entity5601 ligands seen in pre-clinical models of efficacy and safety in the context of @entity1 health and disease.

title: Advances in understanding the regulation of apoptosis and mitosis by peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors in pre-clinical models: relevance for XXXX health and disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the dynamic expression of transmembrane (TM)- @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity1505 and secreted (S)- @entity1505 in the development of @entity326 and explore the actions and mechanism of TM- @entity1505 in liver of the @entity35 with @entity326 . METHODS: @entity326 in @entity35 was induced by intravenous injection of dead gram negative bacteria @entity526 ; the kinetics of TM- @entity1505 on peritoneal macrophages and S- @entity1505 in serum of these @entity35 were determined. Pretreatment with @entity1505 converting enzyme antisense oligonucleotide (5 mg/kg) 30 minutes before @entity35 were administrated dead bacteria inhibited enzymatic cleavage of TM- @entity1505 into S- @entity1505 . Six hours after bacteria injection, TM- @entity1505 and S- @entity1505 were also detected respectively. The pathological injury in the livers of @entity35 with endotoxin shock was examined, and artery pressure was constantly measured. RESULTS: The kinetics of TM- @entity1505 expression in the development of @entity326 was different from that of S- @entity1505 expression in serum. The expression of TM- @entity1505 began to increase on the surface of peritoneal macrophages and liver within 30 min, after bacteria challenge and peaking within a period of 4.5 hours followed by a gradual decrease to a relatively high level which was maintained for at least 24 hours. The @entity30469 antisense oligonucleotide pretreated @entity35 showed remarkable increase in TM- @entity1505 expression by peritoneal macrophages and liver (P < 0.001), and their arterial blood pressure were maintained within normal levels and there were no detectable pathological changes in their livers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that TM- @entity1505 may be a potent endogenous regulator involved in anti-inflammatory responses to maintain normal arterial pressure and protect liver tissue from pathological injury in during endotoxin shock. This study confirmed the important role of @entity1505 in @entity326 which is not only of important theoretical significance, but also of practical interest in providing experimental basis for clinical treatment of endotoxin shock.

title: [The effect of transmembrane- and secreted- @entity5 XXXX factor-alpha on shock liver].

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxic shock', 'Endotoxic shock']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the dynamic expression of transmembrane (TM)- @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity1505 and secreted (S)- @entity1505 in the development of @entity326 and explore the actions and mechanism of TM- @entity1505 in liver of the @entity35 with @entity326 . METHODS: @entity326 in @entity35 was induced by intravenous injection of dead gram negative bacteria @entity526 ; the kinetics of TM- @entity1505 on peritoneal macrophages and S- @entity1505 in serum of these @entity35 were determined. Pretreatment with @entity1505 converting enzyme antisense oligonucleotide (5 mg/kg) 30 minutes before @entity35 were administrated dead bacteria inhibited enzymatic cleavage of TM- @entity1505 into S- @entity1505 . Six hours after bacteria injection, TM- @entity1505 and S- @entity1505 were also detected respectively. The pathological injury in the livers of @entity35 with endotoxin shock was examined, and artery pressure was constantly measured. RESULTS: The kinetics of TM- @entity1505 expression in the development of @entity326 was different from that of S- @entity1505 expression in serum. The expression of TM- @entity1505 began to increase on the surface of peritoneal macrophages and liver within 30 min, after bacteria challenge and peaking within a period of 4.5 hours followed by a gradual decrease to a relatively high level which was maintained for at least 24 hours. The @entity30469 antisense oligonucleotide pretreated @entity35 showed remarkable increase in TM- @entity1505 expression by peritoneal macrophages and liver (P < 0.001), and their arterial blood pressure were maintained within normal levels and there were no detectable pathological changes in their livers. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that TM- @entity1505 may be a potent endogenous regulator involved in anti-inflammatory responses to maintain normal arterial pressure and protect liver tissue from pathological injury in during endotoxin shock. This study confirmed the important role of @entity1505 in @entity326 which is not only of important theoretical significance, but also of practical interest in providing experimental basis for clinical treatment of endotoxin shock.

title: [The effect of transmembrane- and secreted- XXXX @entity39 factor-alpha on shock liver].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity526 serotype O157:H7 is a rarely identified organism that has recently been associated with @entity548 in all age groups and with the @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) in @entity1 . We now report the development of @entity1381 in two young @entity1 following enteric @entity281 with @entity526 O157:H7. Both @entity1 were hospitalized because of the severity of their @entity1960 . They later developed major @entity2142 requiring transfusion and significant @entity177 requiring, in one case, hemodialysis. One @entity1 underwent laparotomy, where sterile ascites, marked right colonic @entity4 , and intraserosal @entity548 were noted. Both @entity1 survived and are currently improving. Fecal @entity526 serotype O157:H7 was sought only after routine cultures were negative and features of @entity1381 were recognized. The search for the @entity526 was facilitated by the continued availability of stool cultures obtained early in the course of the illness. The source of @entity281 was not ascertained, but ingestion of untreated water was a feature of both cases. The @entity1381 is a potential complication of the @entity548 associated with @entity526 serotype O157:H7 and may develop in adults as well as @entity1 following enteric @entity281 with this organism.

title: @entity548 with XXXX O157:H7 preceding adult @entity1381 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic colitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity526 serotype O157:H7 is a rarely identified organism that has recently been associated with @entity548 in all age groups and with the @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) in @entity1 . We now report the development of @entity1381 in two young @entity1 following enteric @entity281 with @entity526 O157:H7. Both @entity1 were hospitalized because of the severity of their @entity1960 . They later developed major @entity2142 requiring transfusion and significant @entity177 requiring, in one case, hemodialysis. One @entity1 underwent laparotomy, where sterile ascites, marked right colonic @entity4 , and intraserosal @entity548 were noted. Both @entity1 survived and are currently improving. Fecal @entity526 serotype O157:H7 was sought only after routine cultures were negative and features of @entity1381 were recognized. The search for the @entity526 was facilitated by the continued availability of stool cultures obtained early in the course of the illness. The source of @entity281 was not ascertained, but ingestion of untreated water was a feature of both cases. The @entity1381 is a potential complication of the @entity548 associated with @entity526 serotype O157:H7 and may develop in adults as well as @entity1 following enteric @entity281 with this organism.

title: XXXX with @entity526 O157:H7 preceding adult @entity1381 .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhagic colitis']


abstract: @entity526 serotype O157:H7 is a rarely identified organism that has recently been associated with @entity548 in all age groups and with the @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) in @entity1 . We now report the development of @entity1381 in two young @entity1 following enteric @entity281 with @entity526 O157:H7. Both @entity1 were hospitalized because of the severity of their @entity1960 . They later developed major @entity2142 requiring transfusion and significant @entity177 requiring, in one case, hemodialysis. One @entity1 underwent laparotomy, where sterile ascites, marked right colonic @entity4 , and intraserosal @entity548 were noted. Both @entity1 survived and are currently improving. Fecal @entity526 serotype O157:H7 was sought only after routine cultures were negative and features of @entity1381 were recognized. The search for the @entity526 was facilitated by the continued availability of stool cultures obtained early in the course of the illness. The source of @entity281 was not ascertained, but ingestion of untreated water was a feature of both cases. The @entity1381 is a potential complication of the @entity548 associated with @entity526 serotype O157:H7 and may develop in adults as well as @entity1 following enteric @entity281 with this organism.

title: @entity548 with @entity526 O157:H7 preceding adult XXXX .

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']


abstract: Ticks often cluster at preferred feeding sites on hosts, and the co-feeding of ticks at the same site has been shown to increase feeding success and the transmission of some pathogens. While the major route of infection of ticks with pathogens is via the bloodmeal during feeding on a parasitemic host, non-systemic transmission of viruses and spirochetes has been shown to occur from infected to uninfected ticks at common feeding sites on uninfected hosts. In this research, two separate studies were done using the tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of @entity291 , @entity16451 . In one study we tested whether A. marginale could be transmitted non-systemically from infected to uninfected Dermacentor variabilis males while co-feeding on @entity95 . Infection of ticks was determined by allowing them to transmission feed on susceptible @entity291 and by DNA probe and microscopy studies on salivary glands. In the second study, we tested whether the co-feeding of male and female ticks on parasitemic @entity291 would increase the acquisition and development of A. marginale in males. A. @entity281 in salivary glands were determined by quantitative PCR after the ticks were allowed to transmission feed on susceptible @entity291 . Non-systemic transmission of A. marginale did not occur from infected and uninfected ticks that fed at the same site on @entity95 and, therefore, does not appear to be a means of A. marginale transmission. A. @entity281 in male ticks were not increased while co-feeding with females. Thus, co-feeding of adult Dermacentor spp. does not appear to influence the dynamics of A. marginale transmission.

title: Co-feeding studies of ticks infected with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['marginale infections']

entities_list: @entity16451 :: ('770', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma marginale']

answer: @entity16451 :: (770,Species) :: ['Anaplasma marginale']


abstract: Ten @entity1 with histologically verified @entity1653 were treated between 1974 and 1985. There were eight female and two male @entity1 , ranging in age from 25 to 72 years with a mean age of 45.5 years. @entity10 and disturbed mentation were the most common presenting symptoms whereas corticospinal disturbance, altered mentation and homonymous @entity1805 were the most common signs on formal neurological examination. Papilloedema was demonstrable in 50% of cases and evidence of @entity2026 was apparent in 60% of @entity1 with lesions affecting their dominant hemisphere. A single instance of drop attack occurred in a @entity1 harbouring a third @entity67 . Computed tomography, with and without contrast enhancement, and angiography were employed in all cases and proved highly sensitive and specific for @entity5 localisation and tissue diagnosis. In addition, angiography proved invaluable in demonstrating both vascular supply and the effects imposed upon the surrounding cerebral vasculature by @entity5 mass and @entity1276 . Nine @entity5 occurred in the lateral ventricular trigone of which 5 were left-sided. A tenth @entity5 was located in the third ventricle. Twelve resections were performed in 10 @entity1 . One @entity1 was found to have a highly malignant @entity1653 which recurred within 10 weeks of the original surgery and proved fatal shortly thereafter. A second @entity1 whose initial resection was subtotal had a recurrence 3 years postoperatively which was totally resected. Lesions were approached most commonly through the posterior middle or posterior inferior temporal gyri. On 3 occasions a right posterior middle frontal gyrus approach was used and in one case a posterior parieto-occipital cortical incision was employed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX . A review of 10 cases of the National Hospital, Queen Square (1974-1985) with reference to the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular meningioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular meningiomas', 'cystic meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['dysphasia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Intraventricular meningioma']


abstract: @entity453 is more @entity146 in @entity6 @entity1 than in nondiabetics; they have more diffuse disease, higher mortality rates and worse clinical outcomes after coronary interventions. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) produces transmural tomographic images of the coronary arteries in vivo. Recent IVUS studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of @entity850 formation and @entity256 in both nondiabetic and @entity6 @entity1 . Arterial @entity5707 is defined as a change in arterial area. During @entity731 , an increase in arterial area usually accompanies plaque accumulation to delay lumen compromise. @entity850 formation is related to: (a) the rate of plaque accumulation versus the rate of positive @entity5707 ; and (b) the limits and ultimate failure of positive @entity5707 . However, there is a marked variability in @entity5707 . IVUS studies have suggested that @entity5707 may be impaired in some @entity6 @entity1 during @entity731 . Following non-stent catheter-based interventions, serial (post-intervention and follow-up) IVUS studies have shown that the change in lumen area correlates better with the change in arterial area ( @entity5707 ) than with the change in plaque area (neointimal @entity1373 ). In some @entity1 , a positive @entity5707 response mitigates against the increase in plaque area to limit late lumen loss and @entity256 . Neointimal @entity1373 is exaggerated in @entity6 @entity1 . Despite this, there is a reduced frequency of positive @entity5707 , potentially similar to the @entity73 in some @entity6 @entity1 during @entity731 . Failed or inadequate arterial @entity5707 may contribute to the pathogenesis and natural history of @entity453 in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Intravascular ultrasound observations of @entity731 formation and XXXX in @entity1 with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired positive remodeling']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['remodeling']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'atherosclerotic coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: @entity453 is more @entity146 in @entity6 @entity1 than in nondiabetics; they have more diffuse disease, higher mortality rates and worse clinical outcomes after coronary interventions. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) produces transmural tomographic images of the coronary arteries in vivo. Recent IVUS studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of @entity850 formation and @entity256 in both nondiabetic and @entity6 @entity1 . Arterial @entity5707 is defined as a change in arterial area. During @entity731 , an increase in arterial area usually accompanies plaque accumulation to delay lumen compromise. @entity850 formation is related to: (a) the rate of plaque accumulation versus the rate of positive @entity5707 ; and (b) the limits and ultimate failure of positive @entity5707 . However, there is a marked variability in @entity5707 . IVUS studies have suggested that @entity5707 may be impaired in some @entity6 @entity1 during @entity731 . Following non-stent catheter-based interventions, serial (post-intervention and follow-up) IVUS studies have shown that the change in lumen area correlates better with the change in arterial area ( @entity5707 ) than with the change in plaque area (neointimal @entity1373 ). In some @entity1 , a positive @entity5707 response mitigates against the increase in plaque area to limit late lumen loss and @entity256 . Neointimal @entity1373 is exaggerated in @entity6 @entity1 . Despite this, there is a reduced frequency of positive @entity5707 , potentially similar to the @entity73 in some @entity6 @entity1 during @entity731 . Failed or inadequate arterial @entity5707 may contribute to the pathogenesis and natural history of @entity453 in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Intravascular ultrasound observations of @entity731 formation and @entity256 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity453 is more @entity146 in @entity6 @entity1 than in nondiabetics; they have more diffuse disease, higher mortality rates and worse clinical outcomes after coronary interventions. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) produces transmural tomographic images of the coronary arteries in vivo. Recent IVUS studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of @entity850 formation and @entity256 in both nondiabetic and @entity6 @entity1 . Arterial @entity5707 is defined as a change in arterial area. During @entity731 , an increase in arterial area usually accompanies plaque accumulation to delay lumen compromise. @entity850 formation is related to: (a) the rate of plaque accumulation versus the rate of positive @entity5707 ; and (b) the limits and ultimate failure of positive @entity5707 . However, there is a marked variability in @entity5707 . IVUS studies have suggested that @entity5707 may be impaired in some @entity6 @entity1 during @entity731 . Following non-stent catheter-based interventions, serial (post-intervention and follow-up) IVUS studies have shown that the change in lumen area correlates better with the change in arterial area ( @entity5707 ) than with the change in plaque area (neointimal @entity1373 ). In some @entity1 , a positive @entity5707 response mitigates against the increase in plaque area to limit late lumen loss and @entity256 . Neointimal @entity1373 is exaggerated in @entity6 @entity1 . Despite this, there is a reduced frequency of positive @entity5707 , potentially similar to the @entity73 in some @entity6 @entity1 during @entity731 . Failed or inadequate arterial @entity5707 may contribute to the pathogenesis and natural history of @entity453 in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Intravascular ultrasound observations of XXXX formation and @entity256 in @entity1 with @entity6 .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesion']


abstract: @entity453 is more @entity146 in @entity6 @entity1 than in nondiabetics; they have more diffuse disease, higher mortality rates and worse clinical outcomes after coronary interventions. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) produces transmural tomographic images of the coronary arteries in vivo. Recent IVUS studies have provided new insights into the mechanisms of @entity850 formation and @entity256 in both nondiabetic and @entity6 @entity1 . Arterial @entity5707 is defined as a change in arterial area. During @entity731 , an increase in arterial area usually accompanies plaque accumulation to delay lumen compromise. @entity850 formation is related to: (a) the rate of plaque accumulation versus the rate of positive @entity5707 ; and (b) the limits and ultimate failure of positive @entity5707 . However, there is a marked variability in @entity5707 . IVUS studies have suggested that @entity5707 may be impaired in some @entity6 @entity1 during @entity731 . Following non-stent catheter-based interventions, serial (post-intervention and follow-up) IVUS studies have shown that the change in lumen area correlates better with the change in arterial area ( @entity5707 ) than with the change in plaque area (neointimal @entity1373 ). In some @entity1 , a positive @entity5707 response mitigates against the increase in plaque area to limit late lumen loss and @entity256 . Neointimal @entity1373 is exaggerated in @entity6 @entity1 . Despite this, there is a reduced frequency of positive @entity5707 , potentially similar to the @entity73 in some @entity6 @entity1 during @entity731 . Failed or inadequate arterial @entity5707 may contribute to the pathogenesis and natural history of @entity453 in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Intravascular ultrasound observations of @entity731 formation and @entity256 in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Eighty-five @entity1 (81 males and 4 females) with significant alcoholic histories were studied. @entity167 misuse was directly or indirectly responsible for about 5-10% of hospital admissions in @entity3595 Lanka. Prevalence of @entity988 in @entity1 below 40 years (43% of cases) or with a strong family history (56% of cases) were demographic features simulating trends in developed nations. Although rarely an occupational hazard, the majority in this lower socio-economic group drank illicitly-manufactured brews with high @entity167 content while many consumed a mixture of beverages. Lone drinkers were predominant (86%); features of @entity458 were @entity25 (64%), emotional problems (42%) and loneliness (34%); domestic problems (36%), social problems (24%) and financial problems (34%) were also noted. Many such factors, either singly or in combination, initiated or perpetuated the drinking habits of the @entity1 . Drug misuse and suicidal tendencies were not observed. Severe @entity99 was noted in 63% of 42 @entity1 where the histology was demonstrated, and who usually presented with significant @entity382 ; about 50% of @entity1 below the age of 40 had @entity99 of a serious or irreversible nature. Direct @entity137 of @entity1068 , toxic contamination during the preparation of illicit brews and nutritional factors appear pertinent to @entity99 in developing nations. Nutritional factors may cause variations in relation to abnormalities in liver function tests and also liver size among the population studied when compared to findings from the western world.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Recent aspects of @entity988 in XXXX Lanka--an increasing health hazard.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological interest']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic damage']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: Eighty-five @entity1 (81 males and 4 females) with significant alcoholic histories were studied. @entity167 misuse was directly or indirectly responsible for about 5-10% of hospital admissions in @entity3595 Lanka. Prevalence of @entity988 in @entity1 below 40 years (43% of cases) or with a strong family history (56% of cases) were demographic features simulating trends in developed nations. Although rarely an occupational hazard, the majority in this lower socio-economic group drank illicitly-manufactured brews with high @entity167 content while many consumed a mixture of beverages. Lone drinkers were predominant (86%); features of @entity458 were @entity25 (64%), emotional problems (42%) and loneliness (34%); domestic problems (36%), social problems (24%) and financial problems (34%) were also noted. Many such factors, either singly or in combination, initiated or perpetuated the drinking habits of the @entity1 . Drug misuse and suicidal tendencies were not observed. Severe @entity99 was noted in 63% of 42 @entity1 where the histology was demonstrated, and who usually presented with significant @entity382 ; about 50% of @entity1 below the age of 40 had @entity99 of a serious or irreversible nature. Direct @entity137 of @entity1068 , toxic contamination during the preparation of illicit brews and nutritional factors appear pertinent to @entity99 in developing nations. Nutritional factors may cause variations in relation to abnormalities in liver function tests and also liver size among the population studied when compared to findings from the western world.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Recent aspects of XXXX in @entity3595 Lanka--an increasing health hazard.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: @entity922 ( @entity922 ) provide the most reliable therapeutic information available. Unfortunately, there are no systemic listing of @entity922 . We compared a MEDLARS search of 3686 biomedical journals for @entity922 with a manual search of the medical literature for the period 1966-1982. For the former search we used subject headings (1) @entity409 or (2) @entity253 and subheadings (1) drug therapy, (2) surgery, (3) radiotherapy, or (4) therapy, and check tags (1) comparative study or (2) clinical research. For the manual search, the contents of 34 arbitrarily selected, gastroenterologic, hepatologic, surgical, or general journals were perused. The MEDLARS search identified 160 @entity922 and 29 others were found in the references of the 160. One hundred fifty-four @entity922 were identified by both methods. The manual search identified 208 @entity922 and an additional 34 were found in the references of the 208. The MEDLARS search identified only 107 of 208 @entity922 found in the references of the 208. The MEDLARS search identified only 107 of 208 @entity922 found manually in the 36 journals, an efficiency rate of 51%. We estimate that 330 hepatobiliary @entity922 had been published during this 17-year period. Sixty percent of the @entity922 found by MEDLARS used the key word "randomized," "double blind," or "controlled" in the title, compared to 36% in those found by the manual search. In order to retrieve @entity922 , it is essential that editors require that @entity922 be identified in their titles or key words by specific terms such as "controlled," "randomized," and "double blind," that papers be so catalogued and indexed, and that searchers be instructed in appropriate search strategies.

title: The retrieval of randomized clinical trials in XXXX from the medical literature. A comparison of MEDLARS and manual methods.

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Randomized clinical trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to ascertain the relationship of @entity5 metastasis-associated markers @entity4910 , @entity12020 ( @entity12020 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ), and to investigate their value in @entity1721 molecular classification. The expression of @entity4910 , @entity12020 and @entity7 in 100 specimens from @entity1 and 20 from normal esophageal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship of their expression with prognosis of the @entity1 with @entity1721 was evaluated by Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis. High levels of expression of @entity4910 , @entity12020 , and @entity7 were observed in 61 (61%), 53 (53%), 49 (49%) cases, respectively. Univariate survival analysis indicated that the levels of expression of @entity4910 , @entity12020 and @entity7 were associated with survival (all P-value < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity4910 and @entity7 were independent prognostic factors affecting the three-year survival rate of @entity1 (P = 0.001, 0.017, respectively). Furthermore, high level expression of @entity4910 , @entity12020 and @entity7 in stage I @entity1 was found associated with poor three-year survival rate (all P-value < 0.05). The prognosis probably was favorable for @entity1 with low expression of @entity4910 even in stage III, or @entity7 even in stage IV. Tumor metastasis-associated markers such as @entity4910 and @entity7 may be independent prognostic factors affecting survival rate of postoperative @entity1721 @entity1 . It is possible to judge prognosis better and tailor treatments to each individual @entity1 when these markers were applied to @entity1721 molecular classification.

title: Evaluation of @entity5 metastasis-associated markers for molecular classification in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12020 :: ('1490', 'Gene') :: ['connective tissue growth factor', 'CTGF']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to ascertain the relationship of @entity5 metastasis-associated markers @entity4910 , @entity12020 ( @entity12020 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ), and to investigate their value in @entity1721 molecular classification. The expression of @entity4910 , @entity12020 and @entity7 in 100 specimens from @entity1 and 20 from normal esophageal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship of their expression with prognosis of the @entity1 with @entity1721 was evaluated by Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis. High levels of expression of @entity4910 , @entity12020 , and @entity7 were observed in 61 (61%), 53 (53%), 49 (49%) cases, respectively. Univariate survival analysis indicated that the levels of expression of @entity4910 , @entity12020 and @entity7 were associated with survival (all P-value < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity4910 and @entity7 were independent prognostic factors affecting the three-year survival rate of @entity1 (P = 0.001, 0.017, respectively). Furthermore, high level expression of @entity4910 , @entity12020 and @entity7 in stage I @entity1 was found associated with poor three-year survival rate (all P-value < 0.05). The prognosis probably was favorable for @entity1 with low expression of @entity4910 even in stage III, or @entity7 even in stage IV. Tumor metastasis-associated markers such as @entity4910 and @entity7 may be independent prognostic factors affecting survival rate of postoperative @entity1721 @entity1 . It is possible to judge prognosis better and tailor treatments to each individual @entity1 when these markers were applied to @entity1721 molecular classification.

title: Evaluation of XXXX metastasis-associated markers for molecular classification in @entity1 with @entity1721 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to ascertain the relationship of @entity5 metastasis-associated markers @entity4910 , @entity12020 ( @entity12020 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ), and to investigate their value in @entity1721 molecular classification. The expression of @entity4910 , @entity12020 and @entity7 in 100 specimens from @entity1 and 20 from normal esophageal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship of their expression with prognosis of the @entity1 with @entity1721 was evaluated by Cox regression model and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis. High levels of expression of @entity4910 , @entity12020 , and @entity7 were observed in 61 (61%), 53 (53%), 49 (49%) cases, respectively. Univariate survival analysis indicated that the levels of expression of @entity4910 , @entity12020 and @entity7 were associated with survival (all P-value < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity4910 and @entity7 were independent prognostic factors affecting the three-year survival rate of @entity1 (P = 0.001, 0.017, respectively). Furthermore, high level expression of @entity4910 , @entity12020 and @entity7 in stage I @entity1 was found associated with poor three-year survival rate (all P-value < 0.05). The prognosis probably was favorable for @entity1 with low expression of @entity4910 even in stage III, or @entity7 even in stage IV. Tumor metastasis-associated markers such as @entity4910 and @entity7 may be independent prognostic factors affecting survival rate of postoperative @entity1721 @entity1 . It is possible to judge prognosis better and tailor treatments to each individual @entity1 when these markers were applied to @entity1721 molecular classification.

title: Evaluation of @entity5 metastasis-associated markers for molecular classification in XXXX with @entity1721 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the attitudes to sexual and reproductive health of a cohort of university students had changed from 2005 to 2013. METHODS: Questionnaires (1,000) on sexual and reproductive health attitudes were randomly distributed to students at Shanghai Jiaotong University in May 2013. All @entity1 volunteered for the study and their answers were anonymous. The questionnaire contents included personal information and 72 MCQs, which covered four categories: knowledge about @entity458 and @entity2953 ; attitude to @entity146 ; attitudes to pornographic books/movies; desire of the @entity1 for education on @entity458 . The @entity1 had not received @entity458 education since their admission to the university. Their study majors were broadly similar to those @entity1 in the April 2005 survey. The high sensitivity of the content of the questionnaire made it imperative to maintain anonymity and high security of the collected data. RESULTS: The return rate of questionnaires were 98% (request age from 19~21 years). Personal hygiene was much greater in females than in males. The proportion of females and males who held a positive attitude to premarital @entity146 was significantly increased (P < 0.0001). 80% of the @entity1 understood the need to use condoms with strangers; however, still high proportion of @entity1 lacked of this knowledge (P = 0.142). About one third of the @entity1 still did not believe that unmarried pregnancy was acceptable (no significant change from 2005 to 2013). There was significantly improved knowledge about the way in which @entity791 spreads. CONCLUSIONS: College students are more open today compared to the 2003 survey. A higher level of sexual knowledge has been achieved but there scope for further improvement. Sex education should be based on the actual needs of young @entity1 , teaching reforms, and special attention paid to practical teaching.

title: View changes and educational demands on XXXX of students at Shanghai Jiaotong University.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual/reproductive health']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual/reproductive health']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Energy drink consumption among youth is increasing despite recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics to eliminate consumption by youth. This study provides information on consumption of energy drinks and @entity285 mixed with energy drinks (AmED) in a sample of Israeli youth and how consumer knowledge about the risks affects consumption rates. METHODS: The study was conducted in three Tel Aviv public schools, with a total enrollment of 1,253 students in grades 8 through 12. Among them, 802 students completed a 49-item questionnaire about energy drink and AmED consumption, for a 64  % response rate Non-responders included 451 students who were absent or refused to participate. All students in the same school were administered the questionnaire on the same day. RESULTS: Energy drinks are popular among youth (84.2  % have ever drunk). More tenth through twelfth grade students consumed energy drinks than eighth and ninth grade students. Students who began drinking in elementary school (36.8  %) are at elevated risk for current energy drink (P   <   .001) and AmED (P   =   .002) use. Knowledge about amounts consumed and recommended allowances is associated with less consumption (OR 1.925; 95  %CI 1.18-3.14). DISCUSSION: The association between current AmED consumption and drinking @entity2613 at a young age is important. @entity1 and those who start drinking early have a greater risk of both @entity2613 and AmED consumption. The characteristics of early drinkers can help increase awareness of potential at-risk youth, such as junior and senior high school students with less educated or single parents. CONCLUSIONS: Risks posed by early use on later energy drink and AmED consumption are concerning. We suggest that parents should limit accessibility. Increased knowledge about acceptable and actual amounts of @entity5834 in a single product might decrease consumption.

title: A survey of energy drink and XXXX mixed with energy drink consumption.

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: We aimed to estimate clinicians' based risk thresholds at which febrile @entity1 would be managed as @entity2348 ( @entity2348 ) to determine influencing characteristics and to compare thresholds with prediction model (Feverkidstool) risk estimates. Twenty-one video vignettes of febrile @entity1 visiting the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) were assessed by 42 (40.4  %) international paediatricians/paediatric emergency clinicians. Questions were related to clinical risk scores of the @entity1 having @entity2348 and @entity2348 management decisions on visual analogue scales. Feverkidstool risk scores were based on clinical signs/symptoms and @entity1851 . Amongst vignettes assigned to @entity2348 management, the median risk was 60  % (interquartile range (IQR) 30.0-80.5) and 16.0  % (IQR 5.0-32.0) when vignettes were not managed as @entity2348 . Ill appearance and aberrant circulatory signs were the most influencing factors, as age and duration of @entity221 were the least influencing factors on @entity2348 management decisions. Feverkidstool risk scores varied from 13  % (IQR 7.7-28.1) for @entity2348 management to 7.3  % (IQR 5.7-16.3) for no @entity2348 management. CONCLUSION: Clinicians assigned high risk scores to @entity1 who they would have managed as @entity2348 , mostly influenced by ill appearance and aberrant circulation. In contrast to @entity2348 risk assessment of the Feverkidstool, clinicians' appeared to apply a more stepwise assessment of the risk of presence/absence of @entity2348 at different steps in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Uniform risk thresholds at which one should start @entity2348 management in febrile @entity1 remains unclear; risk thresholds at which we refrained from @entity2348 management were more consistent. WHAT IS KNOWN:    Only a small proportion of febrile @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 will have @entity2348 ( @entity2348 ) and uniform risk thresholds to start or withhold @entity2348 treatment are not known.    The low prevalence of @entity2348 and consequently the low exposure of clinicians to these infections make them rely more on alarming signs or clinical decision rules. What is New:    Previously identified model predictors for @entity2348 appeared to be significantly influencing factors in clinicians' febrile @entity1 management in emergency care.    Clinicians' wielded higher risk thresholds regarding @entity2348 febrile @entity1 management than reflected by the clinical prediction model while smaller differences in risk thresholds between clinical and model prediction  were observed  when clinicians refrained   from @entity2348 management.

title: Clinicians' overestimation of febrile XXXX risk assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['SBI', 'serious bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: A vascularized segmental autotransplantation of distal 80% of the pancreas to the right iliopelvic space was successfully performed in a 51-year-old male who had @entity8883 . Distal 80% of the gland with severe calcified pancreatitic change was resected and prepared for transplantation by injecting the splenic artery with Ringer's @entity880 solution containing heparin, albumin and gabexate mecilate cooled to 4 degrees C. The spleen was removed from the specimen. An @entity2548 was constructed at the tail. End-to-side @entity254 of spleno-external iliac veins was carried out after small fusiform resection of the iliac venous wall for the purpose of sufficient venous patency. End-to-end @entity254 of @entity432 was done. The pancreatic stump was anastomosed to the ileum. Post-operatively, the @entity158 completely resolved. Patency of the graft was demonstrated by angiography. Higher response of the C-peptide immunoreactivity on 75 g OGTT was found in the iliac vein on the transplanted side than in another peripheral vein. The exocrine pancreatic function diagnostant test showed 78.8% post-operatively (vs. 63.2% pre-operatively). Vascularized segmental pancreatic autotransplantation offers an excellent method of relieving @entity158 with preservation of endocrine and exocrine functions in selected cases with chronic @entity788 .

title: [A clinical report of vascularized segmental pancreatic autotransplantation in chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['spleno-hypogastric arteries']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: The fundamental and clinical studies of @entity8933 suppository (CZX-S) in the field of pediatrics were made, with the following results. The serum concentration of CZX in the CZX-S 250 mg-administered group peaked 6.00-22.5 micrograms/ml during the period of 15 minutes to 1-hour after dosing, and gradually declined thereafter. The half-life was 1.37-3.81 hours. In the CZX-S 125 mg-administered group, the serum concentration peaked 2.25-21.0 micrograms/ml at 15-30 minutes after dosing and decreased with time. The half-life was 0.95--1.84 hours. The 6-hour urinary recovery rate of CZX in the CZX-S 250 mg group was 22.0-47.5%. The 6-hour urinary recovery rate in the CZX-S 125 mg group was 17.2-25.3%. CZX-S was given 12-73 mg/kg/day (divided into 1-3 times) to 7 @entity1 with @entity1729 etc. who were considered to respond well to the drug. The clinical effectiveness rate was 100% inclusive of "excellent" and "good". The side effect of @entity158 on insertion was encountered in 1 @entity1 .

title: [Fundamental and clinical studies of XXXX suppositories in the pediatric field].

entities_list: @entity8933 :: ('MESH:D015296', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftizoxime']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity8933 :: (MESH:D015296,Chemical) :: ['ceftizoxime']


abstract: UNASSIGNED:     Background: To investigate @entity1 survival and technical failure of @entity1 with prior @entity64 receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in Southern China.     Methods: This was a retrospective study. All subjects were recruited from the peritoneal dialysis center in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010. All eligible @entity1 were assigned to @entity64 group and non- @entity64 group according to a history of @entity64 before receiving CAPD. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and death-censored technical failure. Cox regression was used to estimate risk factors of all-cause mortality and death-censored technique failure.     Results: Of the 1,068 recruited @entity1 , 75 (7.0%) @entity1 had a previous history of @entity64 . The all-cause mortality and death-censored technique failure were significantly higher in the @entity64 group compared with the non- @entity64 group, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59 - 4.46 and OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.19 - 5.34). Older age (changed by 10 years, hazard ratio [HR] 1.90, 95% CI 1.07 - 3.38), lower body mass index (BMI 18.5 - 23.9 vs < 18.5 kg/m2 reference, HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05 - 0.55) and time to the first episode of @entity298 (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89- 0.96) were independently associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in @entity1 with prior @entity64 . In addition, time to the first episode of @entity298 was associated with decreased risk of death-censored technique failure (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84 - 0.99) in those with prior @entity64 .     Conclusions: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis @entity1 with prior @entity64 had high rates of all-cause mortality and technique failure compared with those without prior @entity64 . Older age, lower BMI, and time to the first episode of @entity298 were independent risk factors of all-cause mortality in @entity1 with prior @entity64 .

title: XXXX SURVIVAL AND TECHNIQUE FAILURE IN CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS @entity1 WITH PRIOR STROKE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENT']


abstract: UNASSIGNED:     Background: To investigate @entity1 survival and technical failure of @entity1 with prior @entity64 receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in Southern China.     Methods: This was a retrospective study. All subjects were recruited from the peritoneal dialysis center in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010. All eligible @entity1 were assigned to @entity64 group and non- @entity64 group according to a history of @entity64 before receiving CAPD. The primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and death-censored technical failure. Cox regression was used to estimate risk factors of all-cause mortality and death-censored technique failure.     Results: Of the 1,068 recruited @entity1 , 75 (7.0%) @entity1 had a previous history of @entity64 . The all-cause mortality and death-censored technique failure were significantly higher in the @entity64 group compared with the non- @entity64 group, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.59 - 4.46 and OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.19 - 5.34). Older age (changed by 10 years, hazard ratio [HR] 1.90, 95% CI 1.07 - 3.38), lower body mass index (BMI 18.5 - 23.9 vs < 18.5 kg/m2 reference, HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05 - 0.55) and time to the first episode of @entity298 (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.89- 0.96) were independently associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in @entity1 with prior @entity64 . In addition, time to the first episode of @entity298 was associated with decreased risk of death-censored technique failure (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84 - 0.99) in those with prior @entity64 .     Conclusions: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis @entity1 with prior @entity64 had high rates of all-cause mortality and technique failure compared with those without prior @entity64 . Older age, lower BMI, and time to the first episode of @entity298 were independent risk factors of all-cause mortality in @entity1 with prior @entity64 .

title: @entity1 SURVIVAL AND TECHNIQUE FAILURE IN CONTINUOUS AMBULATORY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS XXXX WITH PRIOR STROKE.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: AIMS: Soft and small coils are known to be appropriate for the treatment of small @entity439 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether the new HyperSoft   helical coil, which is softer and smaller than its predecessors, has any effect on the packing performance in a matched-pair study with an old HyperSoft   helical coil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six consecutive @entity1 harboring 43 @entity438 treated with new HyperSofts were included in this study. Forty-one @entity439 treated with old HyperSofts were identified from our database as matched controls based on similar volumes and locations. Packing attenuation, adverse events during the procedures, and angiographic occlusions were observed and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean packing density was significantly higher in the new HyperSoft   group compared to the control group (35.5% vs. 26.9%), and a larger proportion of the @entity439 embolized with the 1.5   mm size coil, which has higher packing density. There was no difference in immediate and midterm angiographic outcomes. There was no difference in the rate of intraprocedural perforation, but there was no intraprocedural rupture related to the 1.5   mm coil. CONCLUSIONS: The use of new HyperSoft   helical coils allows higher packing density comparable with the old technology. New HyperSoft   coils, especially those with 1.5   mm loop diameter, can be expected to fill smaller residual spaces in small @entity439 and may be helpful in preventing recanalization.

title: Endovascular coiling of small XXXX using a very soft bare platinum coil: A comparison of the packing performance of new and old HyperSoft   helical coils.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Warthin @entity5 presenting concomitantly with a @entity706 is vanishingly rare with only 15 reported cases in English literature. Herein, we report an unusual initial presentation of a @entity1073 involving the @entity706 of a @entity4724 . CASE PRESENTATION: A seventy-seven year old otherwise healthy gentleman with a 50-pack year smoking history presents with a slowly enlarging left cheek mass. CT scan of the neck demonstrated a left @entity5 measuring 3.4 cm in greatest dimension. He underwent a left superficial parotidectomy, with subsequent histopathologic examination revealing a @entity4724 with extensive expansion of the @entity706 . Flow cytometric, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic studies of the stromal component of the @entity5 confirmed the presence of a @entity1073 . Clinical staging demonstrated stage IVa disease, and was considered to be at low to intermediate risk due to the slow growth of the parotid lesion. The @entity1 is undergoing close follow up with repeat PET-CT scans at six months. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well documented collision @entity5 between @entity1073 and a @entity4724 . This case also brings to light the significance of thorough evaluation of the lymphoid component of @entity4724 .

title: An unusual initial presentation of @entity1073 arising from the XXXX of @entity4724 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoid stroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'parotid gland tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4724 :: ('MESH:D000235', 'Disease') :: ['Warthin tumor']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid stroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Warthin @entity5 presenting concomitantly with a @entity706 is vanishingly rare with only 15 reported cases in English literature. Herein, we report an unusual initial presentation of a @entity1073 involving the @entity706 of a @entity4724 . CASE PRESENTATION: A seventy-seven year old otherwise healthy gentleman with a 50-pack year smoking history presents with a slowly enlarging left cheek mass. CT scan of the neck demonstrated a left @entity5 measuring 3.4 cm in greatest dimension. He underwent a left superficial parotidectomy, with subsequent histopathologic examination revealing a @entity4724 with extensive expansion of the @entity706 . Flow cytometric, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic studies of the stromal component of the @entity5 confirmed the presence of a @entity1073 . Clinical staging demonstrated stage IVa disease, and was considered to be at low to intermediate risk due to the slow growth of the parotid lesion. The @entity1 is undergoing close follow up with repeat PET-CT scans at six months. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well documented collision @entity5 between @entity1073 and a @entity4724 . This case also brings to light the significance of thorough evaluation of the lymphoid component of @entity4724 .

title: An unusual initial presentation of XXXX arising from the @entity706 of @entity4724 .

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Warthin @entity5 presenting concomitantly with a @entity706 is vanishingly rare with only 15 reported cases in English literature. Herein, we report an unusual initial presentation of a @entity1073 involving the @entity706 of a @entity4724 . CASE PRESENTATION: A seventy-seven year old otherwise healthy gentleman with a 50-pack year smoking history presents with a slowly enlarging left cheek mass. CT scan of the neck demonstrated a left @entity5 measuring 3.4 cm in greatest dimension. He underwent a left superficial parotidectomy, with subsequent histopathologic examination revealing a @entity4724 with extensive expansion of the @entity706 . Flow cytometric, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic studies of the stromal component of the @entity5 confirmed the presence of a @entity1073 . Clinical staging demonstrated stage IVa disease, and was considered to be at low to intermediate risk due to the slow growth of the parotid lesion. The @entity1 is undergoing close follow up with repeat PET-CT scans at six months. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first well documented collision @entity5 between @entity1073 and a @entity4724 . This case also brings to light the significance of thorough evaluation of the lymphoid component of @entity4724 .

title: An unusual initial presentation of @entity1073 arising from the @entity706 of XXXX .

answer: @entity4724 :: (MESH:D000235,Disease) :: ['warthin tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aim To determine clinical prognostic factors and their impact on the risk of recurrence of newly discovered non-muscle-invasive @entity150 . Methods The study included 120 @entity1 of both sexes aged 45-80 years with newly discovered non-muscle-invasive @entity150 . All the @entity1 were treated surgically by transurethral electro resection (TUER). The outcome of @entity1 with and without recurrence was followed at intervals of three months after surgery, the total of two years. For monitoring the probability of early recurrence the criteria of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) were used. Results The average age of the @entity1 was 65.9 years, 79 (79.2%) males and 21 (20.8%) females. The total of 67 (55.8%) @entity1 had a recurrence during the period of monitoring. The average time to the first and fourth recurrence was 15.4 and 23.9 months, respectively. Numbers of @entity5 and a degree of invasion had a significant prognostic impact on the risk of recurrence. The EORTC score was a highly significant predictor of recurrence (OR=1.237; p < 0.001). Conclusion Based on available clinical and pathological prognostic factors and by stratification of @entity1 into three disease risk groups it is possible to predict the possibility of disease. Individual approach and recommendations for the treatment using EORTC risk tables should improve the quality of treatment.

title: Predicting recurrence of non-muscle-invasive XXXX after transurethral resection.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']