abstract: @entity511 is a @entity3478 that responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), the major @entity3978 in green tea, has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and @entity5 cell growth in animal models. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of @entity3090 -induced apoptosis of @entity1 @entity511 cells. @entity3090 induced cell apoptosis in @entity1 @entity511 cell lines but not primary chondrocytes. @entity3090 induced upregulation of @entity589 and @entity2428 , downregulation of @entity588 and @entity1836 , and dysfunction of mitochondria in @entity511 . We also found that the accumulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) is a critical mediator in @entity3090 -induced cell death. @entity3090 induced @entity25087 ( @entity25087 ) dephosphorylation and its dissociation from 14-3-3. Treatment of @entity511 cells with @entity3090 induced @entity1435 and @entity4675 ( @entity4675 ) phosphorylation. Transfection with @entity25087 siRNA or @entity1435 and @entity4675 mutant antagonized the @entity3090 -induced cell apoptosis. Therefore, @entity3090 triggered ROS and activated the @entity25087 - @entity1435 / @entity4675 pathway, resulting @entity511 cell death. Importantly, animal studies revealed a dramatic reduction in @entity5 volume after 24 days of treatment. Thus, @entity3090 may be a novel anti- @entity5 agent for the treatment of @entity511 .

title: @entity3089 induces cell apoptosis of @entity1 XXXX cells through @entity25087 pathway.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'Chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant primary bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity25087 :: ('4217', 'Gene') :: ['ASK1', 'apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma']


abstract: @entity511 is a @entity3478 that responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), the major @entity3978 in green tea, has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and @entity5 cell growth in animal models. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of @entity3090 -induced apoptosis of @entity1 @entity511 cells. @entity3090 induced cell apoptosis in @entity1 @entity511 cell lines but not primary chondrocytes. @entity3090 induced upregulation of @entity589 and @entity2428 , downregulation of @entity588 and @entity1836 , and dysfunction of mitochondria in @entity511 . We also found that the accumulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) is a critical mediator in @entity3090 -induced cell death. @entity3090 induced @entity25087 ( @entity25087 ) dephosphorylation and its dissociation from 14-3-3. Treatment of @entity511 cells with @entity3090 induced @entity1435 and @entity4675 ( @entity4675 ) phosphorylation. Transfection with @entity25087 siRNA or @entity1435 and @entity4675 mutant antagonized the @entity3090 -induced cell apoptosis. Therefore, @entity3090 triggered ROS and activated the @entity25087 - @entity1435 / @entity4675 pathway, resulting @entity511 cell death. Importantly, animal studies revealed a dramatic reduction in @entity5 volume after 24 days of treatment. Thus, @entity3090 may be a novel anti- @entity5 agent for the treatment of @entity511 .

title: @entity3089 induces cell apoptosis of @entity1 @entity511 cells through XXXX pathway.

answer: @entity25087 :: (4217,Gene) :: ['apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1']


abstract: @entity511 is a @entity3478 that responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), the major @entity3978 in green tea, has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and @entity5 cell growth in animal models. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of @entity3090 -induced apoptosis of @entity1 @entity511 cells. @entity3090 induced cell apoptosis in @entity1 @entity511 cell lines but not primary chondrocytes. @entity3090 induced upregulation of @entity589 and @entity2428 , downregulation of @entity588 and @entity1836 , and dysfunction of mitochondria in @entity511 . We also found that the accumulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) is a critical mediator in @entity3090 -induced cell death. @entity3090 induced @entity25087 ( @entity25087 ) dephosphorylation and its dissociation from 14-3-3. Treatment of @entity511 cells with @entity3090 induced @entity1435 and @entity4675 ( @entity4675 ) phosphorylation. Transfection with @entity25087 siRNA or @entity1435 and @entity4675 mutant antagonized the @entity3090 -induced cell apoptosis. Therefore, @entity3090 triggered ROS and activated the @entity25087 - @entity1435 / @entity4675 pathway, resulting @entity511 cell death. Importantly, animal studies revealed a dramatic reduction in @entity5 volume after 24 days of treatment. Thus, @entity3090 may be a novel anti- @entity5 agent for the treatment of @entity511 .

title: XXXX induces cell apoptosis of @entity1 @entity511 cells through @entity25087 pathway.

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']


abstract: @entity511 is a @entity3478 that responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), the major @entity3978 in green tea, has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and @entity5 cell growth in animal models. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of @entity3090 -induced apoptosis of @entity1 @entity511 cells. @entity3090 induced cell apoptosis in @entity1 @entity511 cell lines but not primary chondrocytes. @entity3090 induced upregulation of @entity589 and @entity2428 , downregulation of @entity588 and @entity1836 , and dysfunction of mitochondria in @entity511 . We also found that the accumulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) is a critical mediator in @entity3090 -induced cell death. @entity3090 induced @entity25087 ( @entity25087 ) dephosphorylation and its dissociation from 14-3-3. Treatment of @entity511 cells with @entity3090 induced @entity1435 and @entity4675 ( @entity4675 ) phosphorylation. Transfection with @entity25087 siRNA or @entity1435 and @entity4675 mutant antagonized the @entity3090 -induced cell apoptosis. Therefore, @entity3090 triggered ROS and activated the @entity25087 - @entity1435 / @entity4675 pathway, resulting @entity511 cell death. Importantly, animal studies revealed a dramatic reduction in @entity5 volume after 24 days of treatment. Thus, @entity3090 may be a novel anti- @entity5 agent for the treatment of @entity511 .

title: @entity3089 induces cell apoptosis of XXXX @entity511 cells through @entity25087 pathway.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We examined the role of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase in @entity141 -elicited @entity2922 secretion from @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells. When the @entity11040 -treated cells were incubated with the catalytic subunit of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase, the secretion of @entity2661 from the cells occurred in the absence of @entity141 . The effect of the catalytic subunit was dependent on its activity (50-100 units/ml) and the presence of @entity855 -Mg2+ in the incubation medium. However, incubation of the cells with the regulatory subunit of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase did not affect the secretion. @entity141 (43 nM-10 microM) also increased the secretion, which was @entity855 - @entity1025 -dependent. The catalytic subunit (25-200 units/ml) enhanced the @entity141 -evoked secretion at the suboptimal but not optimal @entity141 concentration, which induced maximal secretion. A potent synthetic peptide inhibitor of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase abolished the catalytic subunit-induced secretion, but not the @entity141 -evoked secretion. On the other hand, @entity20631 , a potent inhibitor of protein kinases, inhibited both the catalytic subunit-induced and the @entity141 -evoked secretion, but not @entity24398 , a much less potent inhibitor of protein kinases. These results strongly suggest that the catalytic subunit of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase produces the secretion of @entity2661 via protein phosphorylation. The results further suggest that the @entity268 -dependent protein kinase does not participate in an intrinsic process of @entity141 -elicited secretion but it may act as a modulator.

title: Effect of XXXX -dependent protein kinase on @entity2922 secretion from @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells.

entities_list: @entity11040 :: ('MESH:D004072', 'Chemical') :: ['digitonin']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: We examined the role of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase in @entity141 -elicited @entity2922 secretion from @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells. When the @entity11040 -treated cells were incubated with the catalytic subunit of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase, the secretion of @entity2661 from the cells occurred in the absence of @entity141 . The effect of the catalytic subunit was dependent on its activity (50-100 units/ml) and the presence of @entity855 -Mg2+ in the incubation medium. However, incubation of the cells with the regulatory subunit of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase did not affect the secretion. @entity141 (43 nM-10 microM) also increased the secretion, which was @entity855 - @entity1025 -dependent. The catalytic subunit (25-200 units/ml) enhanced the @entity141 -evoked secretion at the suboptimal but not optimal @entity141 concentration, which induced maximal secretion. A potent synthetic peptide inhibitor of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase abolished the catalytic subunit-induced secretion, but not the @entity141 -evoked secretion. On the other hand, @entity20631 , a potent inhibitor of protein kinases, inhibited both the catalytic subunit-induced and the @entity141 -evoked secretion, but not @entity24398 , a much less potent inhibitor of protein kinases. These results strongly suggest that the catalytic subunit of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase produces the secretion of @entity2661 via protein phosphorylation. The results further suggest that the @entity268 -dependent protein kinase does not participate in an intrinsic process of @entity141 -elicited secretion but it may act as a modulator.

title: Effect of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase on @entity2922 secretion from XXXX adrenal chromaffin cells.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: We examined the role of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase in @entity141 -elicited @entity2922 secretion from @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells. When the @entity11040 -treated cells were incubated with the catalytic subunit of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase, the secretion of @entity2661 from the cells occurred in the absence of @entity141 . The effect of the catalytic subunit was dependent on its activity (50-100 units/ml) and the presence of @entity855 -Mg2+ in the incubation medium. However, incubation of the cells with the regulatory subunit of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase did not affect the secretion. @entity141 (43 nM-10 microM) also increased the secretion, which was @entity855 - @entity1025 -dependent. The catalytic subunit (25-200 units/ml) enhanced the @entity141 -evoked secretion at the suboptimal but not optimal @entity141 concentration, which induced maximal secretion. A potent synthetic peptide inhibitor of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase abolished the catalytic subunit-induced secretion, but not the @entity141 -evoked secretion. On the other hand, @entity20631 , a potent inhibitor of protein kinases, inhibited both the catalytic subunit-induced and the @entity141 -evoked secretion, but not @entity24398 , a much less potent inhibitor of protein kinases. These results strongly suggest that the catalytic subunit of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase produces the secretion of @entity2661 via protein phosphorylation. The results further suggest that the @entity268 -dependent protein kinase does not participate in an intrinsic process of @entity141 -elicited secretion but it may act as a modulator.

title: Effect of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase on XXXX secretion from @entity291 adrenal chromaffin cells.

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['catecholamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lung tissues of @entity647 @entity35 model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to explore the protective effects of @entity2493 (MT) in lung tissues in @entity35 . METHODS: Seventy-two @entity35 was randomly assigned to three groups, control group, LPS group and LPS + MT group. @entity35 model of ALI was established by instilling LPS intratracheally. We used immunohistochemical SP and Western blot method to detect the expression of p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lung tissues and used light microscope to observe morphological changes. RESULTS: There were rare p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase positive cells scattered in alveolar and airway epithelial cells in control group (P < 0.01). The positive p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase cells in LPS group increased obviously than those in control group (P < 0.01), and were mainly distributed in infiltrative inflammatory cells, airway epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells and pleurames epithelial cells. In MT group, the p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase positive cells in airway and lung tissues were much less than those in the LPS group (P < 0.05). The Western blot results were consistent with those of immunohistochemical method. CONCLUSION: The expression of p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase increases in alveolar and airway epithelial cells in @entity647 @entity35 models induced by LPS. The activation of p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase is found in most lung tissues, suggesting that p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase participates in the signal transduction in inflammatory and noninflammatory cells. MT is an effective antioxidant, which relieves the @entity32 in @entity647 @entity35 , possibly through the inhibition of the pathway of @entity12220 MAPK over activation.

title: [Protective effects of XXXX in @entity647 @entity35 caused by LPS].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lung tissues of @entity647 @entity35 model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to explore the protective effects of @entity2493 (MT) in lung tissues in @entity35 . METHODS: Seventy-two @entity35 was randomly assigned to three groups, control group, LPS group and LPS + MT group. @entity35 model of ALI was established by instilling LPS intratracheally. We used immunohistochemical SP and Western blot method to detect the expression of p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lung tissues and used light microscope to observe morphological changes. RESULTS: There were rare p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase positive cells scattered in alveolar and airway epithelial cells in control group (P < 0.01). The positive p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase cells in LPS group increased obviously than those in control group (P < 0.01), and were mainly distributed in infiltrative inflammatory cells, airway epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells and pleurames epithelial cells. In MT group, the p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase positive cells in airway and lung tissues were much less than those in the LPS group (P < 0.05). The Western blot results were consistent with those of immunohistochemical method. CONCLUSION: The expression of p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase increases in alveolar and airway epithelial cells in @entity647 @entity35 models induced by LPS. The activation of p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase is found in most lung tissues, suggesting that p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase participates in the signal transduction in inflammatory and noninflammatory cells. MT is an effective antioxidant, which relieves the @entity32 in @entity647 @entity35 , possibly through the inhibition of the pathway of @entity12220 MAPK over activation.

title: [Protective effects of @entity2493 in XXXX @entity35 caused by LPS].

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lung tissues of @entity647 @entity35 model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to explore the protective effects of @entity2493 (MT) in lung tissues in @entity35 . METHODS: Seventy-two @entity35 was randomly assigned to three groups, control group, LPS group and LPS + MT group. @entity35 model of ALI was established by instilling LPS intratracheally. We used immunohistochemical SP and Western blot method to detect the expression of p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lung tissues and used light microscope to observe morphological changes. RESULTS: There were rare p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase positive cells scattered in alveolar and airway epithelial cells in control group (P < 0.01). The positive p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase cells in LPS group increased obviously than those in control group (P < 0.01), and were mainly distributed in infiltrative inflammatory cells, airway epithelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells and pleurames epithelial cells. In MT group, the p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase positive cells in airway and lung tissues were much less than those in the LPS group (P < 0.05). The Western blot results were consistent with those of immunohistochemical method. CONCLUSION: The expression of p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase increases in alveolar and airway epithelial cells in @entity647 @entity35 models induced by LPS. The activation of p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase is found in most lung tissues, suggesting that p- @entity12220 mitogen-activated protein kinase participates in the signal transduction in inflammatory and noninflammatory cells. MT is an effective antioxidant, which relieves the @entity32 in @entity647 @entity35 , possibly through the inhibition of the pathway of @entity12220 MAPK over activation.

title: [Protective effects of @entity2493 in @entity647 XXXX caused by LPS].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the pulsatile component of blood pressure can be a risk factor independent of the steady component in elderly females. DESIGN: Fifty-two elderly @entity101 female @entity1 were compared with 32 normotensive control subjects of the same age. According to the results of that first study, a cohort of 126 elderly females was studied over a 3-year period to evaluate whether the pulsatile and steady-state components of blood pressure correlated with the same parameters and could predict the occurrence of @entity65 . RESULTS: In the first study the @entity101 @entity1 with elevated pulse pressure had significantly higher @entity1674 level and lower urinary @entity1372 excretion than the @entity101 @entity1 with lower pulse pressure and than the control subjects of the same age. The incidence of @entity65 over a 3-year period was significantly higher in the elderly @entity101 females with increased pulse pressure. In the cohort of 126 females mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure did not show the same degree of correlation with the biological parameters tested (plasma @entity1674 : MAP r = 0.162, P < 0.05; pulse pressure r = 0.314, P < 0.0005; urinary @entity1372 excretion: MAP r = -0.365, P < 0.0001; pulse pressure r = -0.257, P < 0.002). Furthermore, for the same MAP level, @entity1 with @entity65 in a 3-year period had significantly higher pulse pressure values. Pulse pressure (and not MAP) was a strong predictor of @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: In elderly @entity101 females the pulsatile and the steady-state components of blood pressure did not correlate with the same biological parameters. Furthermore, the pulsatile component, when explored by pulse pressure, seemed to be a strong independent @entity65 factor.

title: Pulsatile versus steady-state component of blood pressure in elderly females: an independent risk factor for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular accidents', 'cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: The rapid onset of normal maternal behaviour after parturition in @entity19 , consisting of cleaning, warming, feeding and protection of offspring, is primed by @entity2931 , @entity1420 and @entity398 . Previous studies showed that passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies against @entity1420 significantly increases the incidence of maternal rejection of pups. To test the hypothesis that aberrant maternal behaviour is due to partial @entity1420 withdrawal leading to hormonal imbalance during late pregnancy, maternal rejection was assessed following treatment with a @entity1420 receptor antagonist. @entity3927 ( @entity3927 ) was given subcutaneously on either day 2 (100 micrograms) or day 17 (50 micrograms) of pregnancy, or on the first day of lactation (100 micrograms). Maternal behaviour was monitored twice daily for the first 6 days of lactation and pup rejection recorded for a further 15 days. Maternal rejection was significantly greater after @entity3927 administration on either day 2 or day 17 (28.6% and 38.3%) compared with controls (11.1% and 5.2% respectively). Rejection was negligible in both treated and control groups if @entity3927 was given after parturition. When mothers were treated at day 17, the length of the latent period before pups were retrieved and returned to the nest was markedly increased in @entity3927 -treated mothers (46.3 s) compared with controls (4.4 s) though the effect was transient. The results indicate that @entity3927 interferes with the hormonal priming mechanism(s) necessary for the onset of normal maternal behaviour by a receptor-mediated effect. The similarity of the present results and those obtained with anti- @entity1420 antibodies implies that receptor antagonism or antibody scavenging of @entity1420 influence a common central nervous mechanism that is essential for the normal priming process.

title: Aberrant maternal behaviour in @entity19 treated with a XXXX receptor antagonist during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['Mifepristone', 'mifepristone', 'RU486']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: The rapid onset of normal maternal behaviour after parturition in @entity19 , consisting of cleaning, warming, feeding and protection of offspring, is primed by @entity2931 , @entity1420 and @entity398 . Previous studies showed that passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies against @entity1420 significantly increases the incidence of maternal rejection of pups. To test the hypothesis that aberrant maternal behaviour is due to partial @entity1420 withdrawal leading to hormonal imbalance during late pregnancy, maternal rejection was assessed following treatment with a @entity1420 receptor antagonist. @entity3927 ( @entity3927 ) was given subcutaneously on either day 2 (100 micrograms) or day 17 (50 micrograms) of pregnancy, or on the first day of lactation (100 micrograms). Maternal behaviour was monitored twice daily for the first 6 days of lactation and pup rejection recorded for a further 15 days. Maternal rejection was significantly greater after @entity3927 administration on either day 2 or day 17 (28.6% and 38.3%) compared with controls (11.1% and 5.2% respectively). Rejection was negligible in both treated and control groups if @entity3927 was given after parturition. When mothers were treated at day 17, the length of the latent period before pups were retrieved and returned to the nest was markedly increased in @entity3927 -treated mothers (46.3 s) compared with controls (4.4 s) though the effect was transient. The results indicate that @entity3927 interferes with the hormonal priming mechanism(s) necessary for the onset of normal maternal behaviour by a receptor-mediated effect. The similarity of the present results and those obtained with anti- @entity1420 antibodies implies that receptor antagonism or antibody scavenging of @entity1420 influence a common central nervous mechanism that is essential for the normal priming process.

title: Aberrant maternal behaviour in XXXX treated with a @entity1420 receptor antagonist during pregnancy.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is defined as an abnormal and irreversible dilation and distortion of the bronchi, which has numerous causes. Surgical treatment of this disease is usually reserved for focal disease and when the medical treatment is no longer effective. We report our center experience and outcomes in @entity4595 surgery during the last 20 years. METHODS: Between 1994 and 2014, sixty-nine @entity1 underwent surgical resection for @entity4595 . @entity1 demographics, presenting symptoms, indications for surgical treatment, type of lung resection, morbidity and mortality, as well as clinical follow-up and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: From the 69 @entity1 included, 31 (44.9%) were male and 38 (55.1%) were female. Surgery was indicated because of unsuccessful medical therapy in 33 @entity1 (47.8%), haemoptysis in 22 @entity1 (31.9%), nondiagnostic lung mass in 9 @entity1 (13.0%) and @entity1997 in 5 @entity1 (7.3%). The surgical procedures were lobectomy in 45 (65.2%) @entity1 , pneumonectomy in 10 (14.5%) @entity1 , bilobectomy in 8 (11.6%) @entity1 , lobectomy plus segmentectomy in 3 (4.3%) @entity1 and only segmentectomy in 3 (4.3%) @entity1 . Morbidity rate was 14.5% and there was no perioperative mortality. The follow-up was possible in 60 @entity1 , with an outcome reported as excellent in 44 (73.3%) @entity1 , as improved in 11 (18.3%) and as unchanged in 5 (8.3%). CONCLUSION: Although the number of @entity1 with @entity4595 referred for surgical treatment has decreased, pulmonary resection still plays a significant role. Surgical resection of localized @entity4595 is a safe procedure with proven improvement of quality of life for the majority of @entity1 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX : A review of 20 years of experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['lung abscess']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: To estimate the effect of cell proliferation and deletion on the growth of the @entity1 @entity652 and eight @entity5493 were examined. Tubular @entity652 were categorized into three grades of cellular atypia: mild, moderate, and severe. @entity5493 were given a single grade. Morphological characteristics of apoptosis (nuclear condensation and budding) were used to quantify an apoptotic index, AI (percentage of apoptotic cells in viable adenomatous cells). The apoptotic cells were found mainly among the basal site of the adenomatous tubules. The AIs of tubular @entity652 with mild, moderate, and severe grades of atypia were 3.5, 5.7 and 8.8 per cent, respectively. The AI of @entity5493 was 1.8 per cent, which was significantly lower than that of tubular @entity652 . The mitotic indices, MIs (percentage of mitotic cells in viable adenomatous cells) of tubular @entity652 were 0.41 per cent (mild), 0.58 per cent (moderate), and 0.83 per cent (severe), and for @entity5493 the MI was 0.38 per cent. There was a close positive relationship between the AI and @entity652 , which paralleled the grade of atypia. These results indicate that both cell proliferation and @entity204 were more frequent in @entity652 with severe atypia than in @entity652 with mild atypia. Moreover, the significantly lower AI of @entity5493 , known to develop into large @entity5 when compared with tubular @entity652 , suggests that reduced apoptoses may lead to a shift in tissue kinetics towards expansive growth.

title: Role of apoptosis in modulation of the growth of XXXX colorectal tubular and villous adenomas.

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['Villous adenomas', 'villous adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma, 27 tubular adenomas', 'MI of tubular adenomas', 'adenomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is often delayed in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Serum total @entity648 levels are inversely associated with @entity453 . However, no studies have examined whether this can be used as a biochemical marker for identifying asymptomatic @entity6 @entity1 at higher risk for having obstructive @entity453 . METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 460 consecutive asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . All @entity1 underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography, and their serum total @entity648 levels were measured. Obstructive @entity453 was defined as >= 50% diameter stenosis in at least one coronary artery. RESULTS: Serum total @entity648 tertiles showed an inverse association with the prevalence of obstructive @entity453 . In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for the highest versus the lowest tertile of total @entity648 was 0.227 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.130 to 0.398), and an increment of 1   mol/L in serum total @entity648 level was associated with a 14.6% decrease in obstructive @entity453 after adjustment for confounding variables. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) plus serum total @entity648 level was 0.712 (95% CI, 0.668 to 0.753), which is significantly greater than that of the FRS alone (P=0.0028). CONCLUSION: Serum total @entity648 level is inversely associated with obstructive @entity453 and provides additive risk information over the FRS. Serum total @entity648 may be helpful for identifying asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who are at higher risk for obstructive @entity453 .

title: Serum Total XXXX Levels Provide Additive Risk Information over the Framingham Risk Score for Identifying Asymptomatic @entity6 @entity1 at Higher Risk for Coronary Artery Stenosis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity648 :: (MESH:D001663,Chemical) :: ['Bilirubin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is often delayed in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Serum total @entity648 levels are inversely associated with @entity453 . However, no studies have examined whether this can be used as a biochemical marker for identifying asymptomatic @entity6 @entity1 at higher risk for having obstructive @entity453 . METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 460 consecutive asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . All @entity1 underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography, and their serum total @entity648 levels were measured. Obstructive @entity453 was defined as >= 50% diameter stenosis in at least one coronary artery. RESULTS: Serum total @entity648 tertiles showed an inverse association with the prevalence of obstructive @entity453 . In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for the highest versus the lowest tertile of total @entity648 was 0.227 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.130 to 0.398), and an increment of 1   mol/L in serum total @entity648 level was associated with a 14.6% decrease in obstructive @entity453 after adjustment for confounding variables. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) plus serum total @entity648 level was 0.712 (95% CI, 0.668 to 0.753), which is significantly greater than that of the FRS alone (P=0.0028). CONCLUSION: Serum total @entity648 level is inversely associated with obstructive @entity453 and provides additive risk information over the FRS. Serum total @entity648 may be helpful for identifying asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who are at higher risk for obstructive @entity453 .

title: Serum Total @entity648 Levels Provide Additive Risk Information over the Framingham Risk Score for Identifying Asymptomatic XXXX @entity1 at Higher Risk for Coronary Artery Stenosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is often delayed in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Serum total @entity648 levels are inversely associated with @entity453 . However, no studies have examined whether this can be used as a biochemical marker for identifying asymptomatic @entity6 @entity1 at higher risk for having obstructive @entity453 . METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 460 consecutive asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . All @entity1 underwent coronary computed tomographic angiography, and their serum total @entity648 levels were measured. Obstructive @entity453 was defined as >= 50% diameter stenosis in at least one coronary artery. RESULTS: Serum total @entity648 tertiles showed an inverse association with the prevalence of obstructive @entity453 . In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for the highest versus the lowest tertile of total @entity648 was 0.227 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.130 to 0.398), and an increment of 1   mol/L in serum total @entity648 level was associated with a 14.6% decrease in obstructive @entity453 after adjustment for confounding variables. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) plus serum total @entity648 level was 0.712 (95% CI, 0.668 to 0.753), which is significantly greater than that of the FRS alone (P=0.0028). CONCLUSION: Serum total @entity648 level is inversely associated with obstructive @entity453 and provides additive risk information over the FRS. Serum total @entity648 may be helpful for identifying asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who are at higher risk for obstructive @entity453 .

title: Serum Total @entity648 Levels Provide Additive Risk Information over the Framingham Risk Score for Identifying Asymptomatic @entity6 XXXX at Higher Risk for Coronary Artery Stenosis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: During 2 years and 8 months (1980.9.-1983.4), 100 @entity1 of @entity4288 were admitted to our hospital. Of these @entity1 , 43 who had clinical symptoms of @entity4905 , RIND, or bruits on the neck or supraclavicular fossa, were reviewed. Ages ranged from 46 to 81 years (mean: 66.3). Male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Of the 43 @entity1 , 33 were submitted to arteriography of the branches of the aortic arch. Thirty-two but one had @entity75 on the 62 arteries: 32 carotid, 18 vertebral, and 12 subclavian arteries, respectively. Morphologically there were 42 stenoses, 13 occlusions, 7 aneurysmal dilatations, and three other lesions. Seven @entity1 were involved only one artery and 25 were involved more than two arteries. Eight @entity1 were involved other regions such as lower extremities, too. Of the 43 @entity1 , 12 were operated upon and there were no operative @entity204 and complications. Three of 31 who were treated conservatively, died of @entity5 and @entity712 . Although operative indications for @entity4905 or RIND have been defined, those for asymptomatic lesions have not been established. Once @entity64 occurred, however, it would become difficult to recover from it. It is hoped that operative indications for asymptomatic lesions are established as soon as possible.

title: [ XXXX of the aortic arch branches. An analysis of 43 cases].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity4288 :: (MESH:D001161,Disease) :: ['Arteriosclerosis']


abstract: @entity1911 cells, clone PC12, possess neuronal nicotinic @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) receptors which can be activated by an agonist to produce a transient transmembrane cation flux similar to that seen with neuromuscular nicotinic ACh receptors. We have observed that these neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors are subject to long term regulation by the cholinergic agonist @entity5402 ( @entity5402 ). Receptor function was measured by agonist-induced uptake of 86Rb+ into the cells. Chronic exposure to concentrations of @entity5402 that caused receptor activation induced an adaptation (down-regulation) of the receptors, seen as a decrease in the responsiveness of the cells to a subsequent exposure to @entity5402 . The extent of the decreased responsiveness was proportional to the concentration of @entity5402 between 50 microM and 10 mM and was distinct from acute receptor desensitization. The concentrations of @entity5402 that caused down-regulation were greater than those that caused maximum receptor activation, but were similar to those that greatly enhanced desensitization. This suggested that promotion of the desensitized state of the receptor could be the true stimulus for down-regulation. Adaptation was observed initially after several hours of exposure and maximally within about 7 days. Recovery from the down-regulated state required several days of growth in the absence of @entity5402 . Treatment with the antagonist @entity6959 did not cause a similar change in the responsiveness of the cells. However, concurrent exposure to @entity5402 and @entity6959 prevented down-regulation. Therefore, it appeared that receptor activation was necessary for regulation to occur. Comparison of the cellular responses of chronically treated and control cells to acute stimulation with @entity5402 supported the hypothesis that the mechanism for this down-regulation in PC12 cells was a decrease in the number of functional ACh receptors.

title: Agonist-induced regulation of the neuronal nicotinic XXXX receptor of PC12 cells.

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['Pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamoylcholine', 'carbachol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Research has suggested that @entity1 suffering from @entity308 ( @entity308 ) experience deficits in the related domains of social cognition and metacognition. Most research has focused on detecting deficits among @entity1 who are acutely symptomatic. Thus, little is known about whether these deficits persist after symptoms have remitted. As a first, this study investigated social @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity308 in the acute and remitted state. DESIGN: Longitudinal case-control. METHODS: Forty-four drug-na  ve @entity308 @entity1 and an equal number of matched healthy controls were assessed in multiple domains of social cognition including theory of mind, social perception, and metacognition. Additionally, a comprehensive neurocognitive (non-social) test battery was utilized. Following baseline assessment, @entity1 were enrolled in an outpatient treatment programme. @entity1 reaching remission within 6  months (n  =  29) were reassessed 6  months post-remission. Included for analysis were only @entity1 who followed a course of remission (n  =  29) and their paired healthy controls (n  =  29). RESULTS: Analyses of variance revealed that remitted @entity1 performed significantly better at retest than at baseline on nearly all measures. These effects withstood adjusting for test-retest effects. Moreover, remitted @entity1 performed up to level of healthy controls on some but not all social cognitive tasks and metacognition at retest. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, results suggests that social cognitive and metacognitive ability may improve with symptom remission in major @entity308 although it may not reach a level equal to @entity1 who have never experienced @entity308 . PRACTITIONER POINTS: Many with @entity308 experience @entity73 . When @entity308 remits, social cognition may improve. After remission, first-episode @entity308 @entity1 may still experience @entity73 . We have yet to determine whether social @entity73 existed prior to the onset of @entity308 . Longer-term longitudinal studies of social cognition in @entity308 are needed. Treatment was pharmacological and non-manualized psychotherapy, the effects of which were not controlled for. Sample sizes were modest, which must caution against generalization of the results.

title: The course of social cognitive and metacognitive ability in XXXX : Deficit are only partially normalized after full remission of first episode major @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'deficits in social cognition', 'cognitive and metacognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depressed', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder', 'first-episode depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Research has suggested that @entity1 suffering from @entity308 ( @entity308 ) experience deficits in the related domains of social cognition and metacognition. Most research has focused on detecting deficits among @entity1 who are acutely symptomatic. Thus, little is known about whether these deficits persist after symptoms have remitted. As a first, this study investigated social @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity308 in the acute and remitted state. DESIGN: Longitudinal case-control. METHODS: Forty-four drug-na  ve @entity308 @entity1 and an equal number of matched healthy controls were assessed in multiple domains of social cognition including theory of mind, social perception, and metacognition. Additionally, a comprehensive neurocognitive (non-social) test battery was utilized. Following baseline assessment, @entity1 were enrolled in an outpatient treatment programme. @entity1 reaching remission within 6  months (n  =  29) were reassessed 6  months post-remission. Included for analysis were only @entity1 who followed a course of remission (n  =  29) and their paired healthy controls (n  =  29). RESULTS: Analyses of variance revealed that remitted @entity1 performed significantly better at retest than at baseline on nearly all measures. These effects withstood adjusting for test-retest effects. Moreover, remitted @entity1 performed up to level of healthy controls on some but not all social cognitive tasks and metacognition at retest. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, results suggests that social cognitive and metacognitive ability may improve with symptom remission in major @entity308 although it may not reach a level equal to @entity1 who have never experienced @entity308 . PRACTITIONER POINTS: Many with @entity308 experience @entity73 . When @entity308 remits, social cognition may improve. After remission, first-episode @entity308 @entity1 may still experience @entity73 . We have yet to determine whether social @entity73 existed prior to the onset of @entity308 . Longer-term longitudinal studies of social cognition in @entity308 are needed. Treatment was pharmacological and non-manualized psychotherapy, the effects of which were not controlled for. Sample sizes were modest, which must caution against generalization of the results.

title: The course of social cognitive and metacognitive ability in @entity308 : Deficit are only partially normalized after full remission of first episode major XXXX .

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The use of biomaterials has been demonstrated as a viable strategy to promote cell survival and cardiac repair. However, limitations on combinational cell-biomaterial therapies exist, as cellular behavior is influenced by the microenvironment and physical characteristics of the material. Among the different scaffolds employed for cardiac tissue engineering, a myocardial derived matrix has been shown to promote cardiogenesis in @entity19 cardiac progenitor cells (mCPCs) in vitro. In this study, we investigated the influence of the myocardial matrix hydrogel on @entity29467 -like @entity1 fetal and adult CPCs (fCPCs and aCPCs) when encapsulated in 3D in vitro. fCPCs encapsulated in the myocardial matrix showed an increase in the gene expression level of cardiac markers @entity15774 and @entity18964 and the vascular marker @entity319 after 4 days in culture, and a significant increase in @entity15774 up to 1 week. Increased gene expression levels of @entity21505 , @entity6998 , @entity319 and @entity2279 were also observed when aCPCs were cultured in the matrix compared to collagen. Cell survival was sustained in both hydrogels up to 1 week in culture with the myocardial matrix capable of enhancing the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 after 4 days in culture. When encapsulated CPCs were treated with @entity5568 , an improved survival of the cells cultured in the myocardial matrix was observed. Finally, we evaluated the use of the myocardial matrix as hydrogel for in vivo cell transplantation and demonstrated that the gelation properties of the hydrogel are not influenced by the cells. In summary, we showed that the myocardial matrix hydrogel promotes @entity1 CPCs cardiogenic potential, proliferation and survival and is a favorable hydrogel for 3D in vitro culture. Furthermore, we demonstrated the in vivo applicability of the matrix as a potential vehicle for cell transplantation.

title: Cardiac derived extracellular matrix enhances cardiogenic properties of XXXX cardiac progenitor cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND In contrast to the well-described beneficial organic effects of liver transplantation (OLT) in @entity1 with @entity3851 , changes in the mental status of @entity1 after OLT remain poorly understood. The current study seeks to evaluate the influence of OLT on @entity148 , @entity308 , and dispositional optimism in @entity1 with @entity3851 . MATERIAL AND METHODS Questionnaires were sent to @entity1 on the OLT waiting list and @entity1 after OLT. @entity308 / @entity148 and dispositional optimism were assessed using the HADS and LOT-R questionnaires, respectively. These findings were compared to results from the general population. RESULTS The number of returned questionnaires was 292 of 940 (31.1%; 57 @entity1 on the liver transplant waiting list: waiting group, 235 liver transplant recipients: OLT group). Both @entity308 and @entity148 scores were significantly higher in the waiting group when compared to the OLT group (p<0.05) and the general population ( @entity148 : p<0.001, @entity308 : p<0.05), respectively. The OLT group was characterized by significantly higher @entity148 scores (p<0.001) compared to the general population. @entity308 and summation scores did not differ (p>0.05). Dispositional optimism was higher in the OLT group compared to the waiting group (p<0.05) and to the general population (p<0.01). The waiting group had equal values as the general population (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Besides beneficial effects on liver function, OLT appears to be associated with significant improvements in @entity308 and @entity148 and a more optimistic view of life.

title: Mental Status in XXXX Before and After Liver Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The synthetic hexapeptide @entity2124 -releasing peptide ( @entity14950 -6) stimulates @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) release in animals and @entity1 . @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) has the same effect. In addition, pulsatile administration of @entity7704 in normal @entity1 results in @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and blunted @entity701 levels. The effect of @entity14950 on nocturnal hormone secretion and on the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) is still unknown. We compared the effect of repetitive i.v. boluses (4 x 50 micrograms) of @entity14950 and placebo (PL) on the sleep EEG (23.00 to 07.00 h) and on the secretion profiles of @entity2124 , ACTH and @entity701 (20.00 to 07.00 h) in normal male controls. After @entity14950 , the @entity2124 concentration (22.00 to 03.00 h) increased (15.4 +/- 9.6 ng/ml after @entity14950 vs. 5.5 +/- 4.0 ng/ml after PL, p < 0.02), as did the ACTH level (22.00 to 02.00 h: 21.0 +/- 5.3 pg/ml after @entity14950 vs. 16.6 +/- 3.1 pg/ml after PL, p < 0.02). During the total night, and particularly during the first half of the night, @entity701 secretion was enhanced (22.00 to 03.00 h: 56.0 +/- 31.0 ng/ml after @entity14950 vs. 25.2 +/- 9.0 ng/ml after PL, p < 0.02). Stage 2 sleep increased (270.1 +/- 25.3 min after @entity14950 vs. 245.4 +/- 25.8 min after PL, p < 0.02), whereas other sleep-EEG variables including @entity25 remained unchanged. Our data demonstrate that @entity14950 stimulates not only @entity2124 release but also hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical hormone secretion. The latter effect is opposite to the blunting of @entity701 after @entity7704 . Both @entity14950 and @entity7704 promote sleep. However, @entity14950 enhances stage 2 sleep and does not affect @entity25 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2124 -releasing peptide-6 stimulates sleep, XXXX , ACTH and @entity701 release in normal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['GHRH', 'GH-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['SWS', 'increased slow-wave sleep']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: The synthetic hexapeptide @entity2124 -releasing peptide ( @entity14950 -6) stimulates @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) release in animals and @entity1 . @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) has the same effect. In addition, pulsatile administration of @entity7704 in normal @entity1 results in @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and blunted @entity701 levels. The effect of @entity14950 on nocturnal hormone secretion and on the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) is still unknown. We compared the effect of repetitive i.v. boluses (4 x 50 micrograms) of @entity14950 and placebo (PL) on the sleep EEG (23.00 to 07.00 h) and on the secretion profiles of @entity2124 , ACTH and @entity701 (20.00 to 07.00 h) in normal male controls. After @entity14950 , the @entity2124 concentration (22.00 to 03.00 h) increased (15.4 +/- 9.6 ng/ml after @entity14950 vs. 5.5 +/- 4.0 ng/ml after PL, p < 0.02), as did the ACTH level (22.00 to 02.00 h: 21.0 +/- 5.3 pg/ml after @entity14950 vs. 16.6 +/- 3.1 pg/ml after PL, p < 0.02). During the total night, and particularly during the first half of the night, @entity701 secretion was enhanced (22.00 to 03.00 h: 56.0 +/- 31.0 ng/ml after @entity14950 vs. 25.2 +/- 9.0 ng/ml after PL, p < 0.02). Stage 2 sleep increased (270.1 +/- 25.3 min after @entity14950 vs. 245.4 +/- 25.8 min after PL, p < 0.02), whereas other sleep-EEG variables including @entity25 remained unchanged. Our data demonstrate that @entity14950 stimulates not only @entity2124 release but also hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical hormone secretion. The latter effect is opposite to the blunting of @entity701 after @entity7704 . Both @entity14950 and @entity7704 promote sleep. However, @entity14950 enhances stage 2 sleep and does not affect @entity25 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -releasing peptide-6 stimulates sleep, @entity2124 , ACTH and @entity701 release in normal @entity1 .

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['Growth hormone']


abstract: The synthetic hexapeptide @entity2124 -releasing peptide ( @entity14950 -6) stimulates @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) release in animals and @entity1 . @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) has the same effect. In addition, pulsatile administration of @entity7704 in normal @entity1 results in @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and blunted @entity701 levels. The effect of @entity14950 on nocturnal hormone secretion and on the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) is still unknown. We compared the effect of repetitive i.v. boluses (4 x 50 micrograms) of @entity14950 and placebo (PL) on the sleep EEG (23.00 to 07.00 h) and on the secretion profiles of @entity2124 , ACTH and @entity701 (20.00 to 07.00 h) in normal male controls. After @entity14950 , the @entity2124 concentration (22.00 to 03.00 h) increased (15.4 +/- 9.6 ng/ml after @entity14950 vs. 5.5 +/- 4.0 ng/ml after PL, p < 0.02), as did the ACTH level (22.00 to 02.00 h: 21.0 +/- 5.3 pg/ml after @entity14950 vs. 16.6 +/- 3.1 pg/ml after PL, p < 0.02). During the total night, and particularly during the first half of the night, @entity701 secretion was enhanced (22.00 to 03.00 h: 56.0 +/- 31.0 ng/ml after @entity14950 vs. 25.2 +/- 9.0 ng/ml after PL, p < 0.02). Stage 2 sleep increased (270.1 +/- 25.3 min after @entity14950 vs. 245.4 +/- 25.8 min after PL, p < 0.02), whereas other sleep-EEG variables including @entity25 remained unchanged. Our data demonstrate that @entity14950 stimulates not only @entity2124 release but also hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical hormone secretion. The latter effect is opposite to the blunting of @entity701 after @entity7704 . Both @entity14950 and @entity7704 promote sleep. However, @entity14950 enhances stage 2 sleep and does not affect @entity25 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2124 -releasing peptide-6 stimulates sleep, @entity2124 , ACTH and XXXX release in normal @entity1 .

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: The synthetic hexapeptide @entity2124 -releasing peptide ( @entity14950 -6) stimulates @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) release in animals and @entity1 . @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) has the same effect. In addition, pulsatile administration of @entity7704 in normal @entity1 results in @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and blunted @entity701 levels. The effect of @entity14950 on nocturnal hormone secretion and on the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) is still unknown. We compared the effect of repetitive i.v. boluses (4 x 50 micrograms) of @entity14950 and placebo (PL) on the sleep EEG (23.00 to 07.00 h) and on the secretion profiles of @entity2124 , ACTH and @entity701 (20.00 to 07.00 h) in normal male controls. After @entity14950 , the @entity2124 concentration (22.00 to 03.00 h) increased (15.4 +/- 9.6 ng/ml after @entity14950 vs. 5.5 +/- 4.0 ng/ml after PL, p < 0.02), as did the ACTH level (22.00 to 02.00 h: 21.0 +/- 5.3 pg/ml after @entity14950 vs. 16.6 +/- 3.1 pg/ml after PL, p < 0.02). During the total night, and particularly during the first half of the night, @entity701 secretion was enhanced (22.00 to 03.00 h: 56.0 +/- 31.0 ng/ml after @entity14950 vs. 25.2 +/- 9.0 ng/ml after PL, p < 0.02). Stage 2 sleep increased (270.1 +/- 25.3 min after @entity14950 vs. 245.4 +/- 25.8 min after PL, p < 0.02), whereas other sleep-EEG variables including @entity25 remained unchanged. Our data demonstrate that @entity14950 stimulates not only @entity2124 release but also hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical hormone secretion. The latter effect is opposite to the blunting of @entity701 after @entity7704 . Both @entity14950 and @entity7704 promote sleep. However, @entity14950 enhances stage 2 sleep and does not affect @entity25 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2124 -releasing peptide-6 stimulates sleep, @entity2124 , ACTH and @entity701 release in normal XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors review the physiologic basis, indications, techniques, and results of the planned reoperation approach to severe @entity130 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Multivisceral @entity130 and exsanguinating @entity548 lead to @entity2332 , @entity1003 , and @entity520 . Formal resections and reconstructions in these unstable @entity1 often result in irreversible physiologic insult. A new surgical strategy addresses these physiologic concerns by staged control and repair of the injuries. METHOD: The authors review the literature. RESULTS: Indications for planned reoperation include avoidance of irreversible physiologic insult and inability to obtain direct hemostasis or formal abdominal closure. The three phases of the strategy include initial control, stabilization, and delayed reconstruction. Various techniques are used to obtain rapid temporary control of @entity548 and hollow @entity10478 . @entity2332 , @entity1003 , and the @entity8479 are major postoperative concerns. Definitive repair of the injuries is undertaken after stabilization. CONCLUSION: Planned reoperation offers a simple and effective alternative to the traditional surgical management of complex or @entity1230 in critically wounded @entity1 .

title: Planned reoperation for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['visceral spillage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Six different agglutinating antisera were obtained by immunizing @entity95 with @entity406 -treated strains of @entity2718 . After appropriate absorption, these antisera were used to define six serogroups designated by the letters A, B, C, D, F, and G. Altogether, 315 strains of @entity2718 from various origins were tested for slide agglutination by these antisera; 312 (99%) of them were agglutinated by one of these antisera. A and C were the most common serogroups. An excellent correlation, ranging from 85 to 100%, was found between the serogroup and the toxigenicity of the strains. The correlation between serogroup and @entity5121 fermentation was higher, ranging from 89 to 100%. The results of this typing were compared with the clinical origin of the strains. Only strains of serogroups A, C, and D were isolated in 153 cases of antibiotic-associated @entity294 . This series included strains from three outbreaks; all the strains in two of the outbreaks belonged to serogroup C, and in the third, all the strains belonged to serogroup A. Strains of serogroups B, F, and G were only found in the stools of asymptomatic neonates or young @entity1 . In the latter samples, strains of serogroups A and D were found in the same ratio as in adults with antibiotic-associated @entity294 , but strains of serogroup C were seldom isolated. In @entity1 treated with antineoplastic drugs and suffering from @entity294 , the distribution of the strains was the same as in cases of antibiotic-associated @entity294 .

title: Serogrouping of XXXX strains by slide agglutination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: More than 300 sera from @entity1 with a connective tissue disease were analyzed with the immunoblotting technique. The presence of autoantibodies against an 86,000-mol wt marker antigen for @entity7087 (Scl-86) was found in 14 out of 33 @entity1 with @entity2631 . The presence of anti-Scl-86 antibodies seemed to correlate with the diagnosis of @entity7087 since they were found in 13 out of 22 @entity7087 @entity1 and in only one out of 11 @entity1 with @entity9053 . All @entity2631 sera (33 @entity1 ' sera and 13 reference sera) were also tested for the presence of anti-Scl-70 antibodies. It was found that all anti-Scl-70 positive sera (n = 25) contained anti-Scl-86 antibody as well, suggesting a relationship between these two antigens. However, the Scl-86 antigen was shown to be an extremely insoluble nonchromosomal protein, resistant to boiling in @entity3208 . This contrasts with the Scl-70 antigen, which has been described as a thermolabile, soluble antigen present in the chromatin fraction. Together, our results are consistent with the idea that Scl-70 is a degradation product of Scl-86. The Scl-86 antigen is present in freshly prepared @entity95 thymus, spleen, and liver nuclei as well as in nuclei from various cultured cell lines, but is not detectable in extractable nuclear antigen from @entity95 thymus. In a limited retrospective study, the anti-Scl-86 antibodies were found in two sera from @entity1 with Raynaud's phenomenon before the development of @entity7087 . Therefore, it is possible that screening of patients' serum for this antibody might predict the development of @entity7087 .

title: Scl-86, a marker antigen for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9053 :: ('MESH:D045745', 'Disease') :: ['limited scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse scleroderma']

answer: @entity7087 :: (MESH:D045743,Disease) :: ['diffuse scleroderma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether high @entity167 intake is an independent risk factor for @entity497 in middle-aged @entity1 and whether it confers a poor prognosis. METHODS: A two-phase study was performed. Risk factors for @entity497 were evaluated in a case-control study of 50 @entity1 and 50 controls. Prognostic factors and microbiologic and clinical features were then evaluated in a cohort study of the 50 middle-aged @entity1 with @entity497 . RESULTS: In the first study, the only independent risk factor for @entity497 was high @entity167 intake (P < .02). In the second study, @entity1 with @entity5882 had a higher incidence of @entity55 caused by gram-negative bacilli (P < .03), as well as a higher incidence of @entity5132 (P < .03), @entity794 (P < .0001), and gram-negative bacilli (P < .001) in the cultures of pharyngeal smears than did the nonalcoholics. Compared with nonalcoholic @entity1 , @entity988 @entity1 with @entity55 showed more severe clinical symptoms (P < .02), required longer intravenous treatment (P < .02) and longer hospital stay (P < .01), and had multilobar involvement and @entity1143 (both P < .01), as well as slower resolution of @entity358 . The only prognostic factor for mortality was high @entity167 intake (P < .03). CONCLUSIONS: High @entity167 intake is the main risk factor for developing @entity497 in middle-aged @entity1 . This situation also confers a worse prognosis in these @entity1 , who should be treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for a longer period.

title: High @entity167 intake as a risk and prognostic factor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity5882 :: ('MESH:D006519', 'Disease') :: ['chronic alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infiltrates']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether high @entity167 intake is an independent risk factor for @entity497 in middle-aged @entity1 and whether it confers a poor prognosis. METHODS: A two-phase study was performed. Risk factors for @entity497 were evaluated in a case-control study of 50 @entity1 and 50 controls. Prognostic factors and microbiologic and clinical features were then evaluated in a cohort study of the 50 middle-aged @entity1 with @entity497 . RESULTS: In the first study, the only independent risk factor for @entity497 was high @entity167 intake (P < .02). In the second study, @entity1 with @entity5882 had a higher incidence of @entity55 caused by gram-negative bacilli (P < .03), as well as a higher incidence of @entity5132 (P < .03), @entity794 (P < .0001), and gram-negative bacilli (P < .001) in the cultures of pharyngeal smears than did the nonalcoholics. Compared with nonalcoholic @entity1 , @entity988 @entity1 with @entity55 showed more severe clinical symptoms (P < .02), required longer intravenous treatment (P < .02) and longer hospital stay (P < .01), and had multilobar involvement and @entity1143 (both P < .01), as well as slower resolution of @entity358 . The only prognostic factor for mortality was high @entity167 intake (P < .03). CONCLUSIONS: High @entity167 intake is the main risk factor for developing @entity497 in middle-aged @entity1 . This situation also confers a worse prognosis in these @entity1 , who should be treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for a longer period.

title: High XXXX intake as a risk and prognostic factor for @entity497 .

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression profile of serum micro (mi)RNAs in @entity201 ( @entity4435 ) and investigate the regulatory contribution of miRNAs to the invasive and @entity3 . METHODS: Microarray analysis was carried out using serum samples collected from 30 @entity1 with @entity4435 , @entity1126 tissues and the corresponding normal tissues collected from 10 patients, and serum samples from 50 healthy volunteers. The miRNAs identified as dysregulated in @entity4435 were verified by RT-PCR. Focused analysis on @entity14908 was carried out using the @entity1 @entity4435 cell lines HCCC-9810 and RBE to investigate the role of this miRNA in @entity650 expression (using @entity650 induction), cell growth, invasiveness and @entity3 (using @entity14908 mimic transfection). The one-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Forty-three miRNAs were dysregulated in @entity4435 (vs. @entity4435 , P<0.01), of which 22 were upregulated and 21 were downregulated. RT-PCR data showed that the @entity14908 was significantly upregulated in serum as well as in @entity5 tissue from @entity4435 @entity1 . Induction of HCCC-9810 and RBE cells with @entity650 showed a time-dependent upregulation of @entity14908 . Furthermore, the HCCC-9810 and RBE cells transfected with @entity14908 mimic showed enhanced cell growth, invasiveness and migratory ability. CONCLUSION: @entity650 may promote the invasive and metastatic properties of @entity4435 through upregulated @entity14908 . Studies of the differentially expressed serum miRNAs in @entity4435 may help to further elucidate the pathogenic processes of this disease and aid in the development of a novel and effective therapeutic strategy.

title: [Regulatory role of serum @entity14908 in invasiveness and @entity3 of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct cancer']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression profile of serum micro (mi)RNAs in @entity201 ( @entity4435 ) and investigate the regulatory contribution of miRNAs to the invasive and @entity3 . METHODS: Microarray analysis was carried out using serum samples collected from 30 @entity1 with @entity4435 , @entity1126 tissues and the corresponding normal tissues collected from 10 patients, and serum samples from 50 healthy volunteers. The miRNAs identified as dysregulated in @entity4435 were verified by RT-PCR. Focused analysis on @entity14908 was carried out using the @entity1 @entity4435 cell lines HCCC-9810 and RBE to investigate the role of this miRNA in @entity650 expression (using @entity650 induction), cell growth, invasiveness and @entity3 (using @entity14908 mimic transfection). The one-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Forty-three miRNAs were dysregulated in @entity4435 (vs. @entity4435 , P<0.01), of which 22 were upregulated and 21 were downregulated. RT-PCR data showed that the @entity14908 was significantly upregulated in serum as well as in @entity5 tissue from @entity4435 @entity1 . Induction of HCCC-9810 and RBE cells with @entity650 showed a time-dependent upregulation of @entity14908 . Furthermore, the HCCC-9810 and RBE cells transfected with @entity14908 mimic showed enhanced cell growth, invasiveness and migratory ability. CONCLUSION: @entity650 may promote the invasive and metastatic properties of @entity4435 through upregulated @entity14908 . Studies of the differentially expressed serum miRNAs in @entity4435 may help to further elucidate the pathogenic processes of this disease and aid in the development of a novel and effective therapeutic strategy.

title: [Regulatory role of serum @entity14908 in invasiveness and XXXX of @entity201 ].

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression profile of serum micro (mi)RNAs in @entity201 ( @entity4435 ) and investigate the regulatory contribution of miRNAs to the invasive and @entity3 . METHODS: Microarray analysis was carried out using serum samples collected from 30 @entity1 with @entity4435 , @entity1126 tissues and the corresponding normal tissues collected from 10 patients, and serum samples from 50 healthy volunteers. The miRNAs identified as dysregulated in @entity4435 were verified by RT-PCR. Focused analysis on @entity14908 was carried out using the @entity1 @entity4435 cell lines HCCC-9810 and RBE to investigate the role of this miRNA in @entity650 expression (using @entity650 induction), cell growth, invasiveness and @entity3 (using @entity14908 mimic transfection). The one-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Forty-three miRNAs were dysregulated in @entity4435 (vs. @entity4435 , P<0.01), of which 22 were upregulated and 21 were downregulated. RT-PCR data showed that the @entity14908 was significantly upregulated in serum as well as in @entity5 tissue from @entity4435 @entity1 . Induction of HCCC-9810 and RBE cells with @entity650 showed a time-dependent upregulation of @entity14908 . Furthermore, the HCCC-9810 and RBE cells transfected with @entity14908 mimic showed enhanced cell growth, invasiveness and migratory ability. CONCLUSION: @entity650 may promote the invasive and metastatic properties of @entity4435 through upregulated @entity14908 . Studies of the differentially expressed serum miRNAs in @entity4435 may help to further elucidate the pathogenic processes of this disease and aid in the development of a novel and effective therapeutic strategy.

title: [Regulatory role of serum XXXX in invasiveness and @entity3 of @entity201 ].

answer: @entity14908 :: (407009,Gene) :: ['miR-224']


abstract: @entity421 ( @entity421 ) accounts for 56% of @entity3478 in @entity1 and adolescents. @entity1 with @entity66 rarely develop @entity3 ; however, @entity358 occurs in approximately 50% of @entity1 and leads to a 5-year survival rate of only 10-20%. Therefore, identifying the genes and pathways involved in @entity3 , as new therapeutic targets, is crucial to improve long-term survival of @entity421 @entity1 . Novel markers that define metastatic @entity421 were identified using comparative transcriptomic analyses of two highly metastatic ( @entity51870 ) and two poorly metastatic clonal variants (C4 and C5) isolated from the metastatic @entity421 cell line, KHOS. Using this approach, we determined that the metastatic phenotype correlated with overexpression of @entity11436 ( @entity11436 ) or @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Validation in @entity1 biopsies confirmed @entity11436 and @entity7 targets were highly expressed in 29-42% of metastatic @entity421 @entity1 biopsies, with no detectable expression in non-malignant bone or samples from @entity421 @entity1 with @entity66 . @entity2044 (AF) was used to selectively target and inhibit @entity19877 ( @entity19877 ). At low doses, AF was able to inhibit @entity19877 activity without a significant effect on cell viability whereas at higher doses, AF could induce ROS-dependent apoptosis. AF treatment, in vivo, significantly reduced the development of @entity358 and we provide evidence that this effect may be due to an AF-dependent increase in cellular ROS. Thus, @entity11436 may represent a novel druggable target that could be deployed to reduce the development of fatal @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity421 .

title: @entity2044 is a potent suppressor of osteosarcoma XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease', 'localised disease']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone cancers']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis', 'pulmonary metastases']

entities_list: @entity11436 :: ('10587', 'Gene') :: ['thioredoxin reductase 2', 'TXNRD2']

entities_list: @entity19877 :: ('25824', 'Gene') :: ['thioredoxin reductase', 'TrxR']

entities_list: @entity2044 :: ('MESH:D001310', 'Chemical') :: ['Auranofin']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity421 ( @entity421 ) accounts for 56% of @entity3478 in @entity1 and adolescents. @entity1 with @entity66 rarely develop @entity3 ; however, @entity358 occurs in approximately 50% of @entity1 and leads to a 5-year survival rate of only 10-20%. Therefore, identifying the genes and pathways involved in @entity3 , as new therapeutic targets, is crucial to improve long-term survival of @entity421 @entity1 . Novel markers that define metastatic @entity421 were identified using comparative transcriptomic analyses of two highly metastatic ( @entity51870 ) and two poorly metastatic clonal variants (C4 and C5) isolated from the metastatic @entity421 cell line, KHOS. Using this approach, we determined that the metastatic phenotype correlated with overexpression of @entity11436 ( @entity11436 ) or @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Validation in @entity1 biopsies confirmed @entity11436 and @entity7 targets were highly expressed in 29-42% of metastatic @entity421 @entity1 biopsies, with no detectable expression in non-malignant bone or samples from @entity421 @entity1 with @entity66 . @entity2044 (AF) was used to selectively target and inhibit @entity19877 ( @entity19877 ). At low doses, AF was able to inhibit @entity19877 activity without a significant effect on cell viability whereas at higher doses, AF could induce ROS-dependent apoptosis. AF treatment, in vivo, significantly reduced the development of @entity358 and we provide evidence that this effect may be due to an AF-dependent increase in cellular ROS. Thus, @entity11436 may represent a novel druggable target that could be deployed to reduce the development of fatal @entity358 in @entity1 with @entity421 .

title: XXXX is a potent suppressor of osteosarcoma @entity3 .

answer: @entity2044 :: (MESH:D001310,Chemical) :: ['Auranofin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To see whether increasing the dose of hyperfractionated radiation therapy from 72 to 78 Gy would increase survival time in @entity1 with @entity11 , particularly those with brain stem or @entity5 . METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 with a clinical and radiographic diagnosis of a brain stem or thalamic @entity11 were enrolled in a trial to receive 78 Gy (1.0 Gy twice a day). Six @entity1 with disease in other sites were also treated. The initial response to therapy was determined by comparing pretreatment magnetic resonance images and neurological examinations with those obtained within 2 weeks of completing therapy; subsequent responses were determined from bimonthly follow-up images. Time-to- @entity5 progression was measured from the date radiation therapy began until the date of documented radiographic or clinical progression. Survival time was measured from the date radiation therapy began until the date of @entity204 . Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate the effects of specific variables on survival. RESULTS: Of 81 evaluable @entity1 , 68 received > or = 76 Gy, 10 received between 70 and 75 Gy, and 3 received between 60 and 68 Gy. The overall response or stabilization rate was 70.4%. @entity5 size decreased in 30.8% of @entity1 ; 39.5% had stable disease, and 29.6% had immediate progression. The median survival time was 12.7 months (16.1 months for adults and 10.8 months for @entity1 ). The median time to @entity5 progression was 9.0 months (11.4 months for adults and 8.4 months for @entity1 ). A duration of symptoms < or = 2 months and a diffuse lesion were each associated with shorter survival and progression times. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with brain stem or @entity9479 , increasing the dose of radiation therapy from 72 to 78 Gy did not significantly improve survival. Different treatment strategies are clearly needed.

title: The treatment of brain stem and XXXX with 78 Gy of hyperfractionated radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'thalamic tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic gliomas']

answer: @entity9479 :: (MESH:D013786,Disease) :: ['thalamic gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk for @entity1600 and the prognostic significance of pedunculated-type T1 @entity14 ( @entity189 ) require further study. We aimed to assess the validity of the 2014 Japanese Society for @entity694 (JSCCR) guidelines based on long-term outcomes of pedunculated-type T1 @entity189 . METHODS: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we examined 176 @entity1 who underwent resection endoscopically or surgically at 14 institutions between January 1990 and December 2010. @entity1 meeting the JSCCR curative criteria were defined as "endoscopically curable (e-curable)" and those who did not were "non-e-curable". We evaluated the prognosis of 116 @entity1 (58 e-curable, 58 non-e-curable) who were observed for  >5  years after treatment. RESULTS: Overall incidence of @entity1600 was 5  % (4/81; 95  % confidence interval 1.4-12  %: three cases of submucosal invasion depth  >= 1000   m [stalk invasion] and lymphatic invasion, one case of head invasion and budding grade 2/3). There was no local or metastatic recurrence in the e-curable @entity1 , but six of them died of another cause (observation period, 80  months). There was no local recurrence in the non-e-curable @entity1 ; however, distant @entity3 was observed in one @entity1 . Death due to the primary disease was not observed in non-e-curable @entity1 , but six of them died of another cause (observation period, 72  months). CONCLUSIONS: Our data support the validity of the JSCCR curative criteria for pedunculated-type T1 @entity189 . Endoscopic resection cannot be considered curative for pedunculated-type T1 CRC with head invasion alone.

title: Long-term outcomes after treatment for pedunculated-type T1 XXXX : a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer of the Colon and Rectum']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: We describe three cases of a fibroinflammatory @entity6437 (tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesion) of the middle and inner ear. The @entity1 presented with @entity2319 in the affected ear and no response to caloric stimulation. The computed tomographic pattern showed destruction of inner ear structures and a typical widening of parts of the labyrinth. Magnetic resonance imaging performed in all three @entity1 showed an extension greater than expected based on computed tomographic images of both areas of destruction, as well as areas of radiologic normality. An enhancing mass was seen in the inner ear with a characteristic extension into both the internal auditory canal and the middle ear. A transotic approach or subtotal petrosectomy was used to remove the @entity5 in all three cases. Although histologically benign, these @entity5 are locally destructive and, as such, behave like a @entity1313 . They are composed of fibrovascular tissue admixed with chronic inflammatory cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report on @entity6437 of the middle ear, inner ear, and internal auditory canal. @entity6437 used to be a somewhat confusing term for a recognized entity of unknown origin. It is likely that @entity281 is an important contributing factor in the development of these lesions. Although surgical removal seems to be the treatment of choice, no clear judgment of its prognosis can be made owing to the rarity of this @entity5 .

title: XXXX of the ear. A locally destructive benign lesion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor', 'pseudotumors', 'Inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['total deafness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity6437 :: (MESH:D006104,Disease) :: ['Fibroinflammatory pseudotumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    The use of mold-active @entity8201 for antifungal prophylaxis after allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is hindered by adverse events and drug-drug interactions. Higher doses of @entity5626 administered intermittently may be an alternative in this setting. METHODS:    This was a single-center, observational 5-year study to characterize the safety and efficacy of intermittent administration of high-dose intravenous @entity1331 (>= 5 doses of >= 300 mg @entity1331 2-3 times weekly) in @entity1 with @entity3052 and allogeneic @entity8 recipients. RESULTS:    A total of 104 @entity1 (84 allogeneic @entity8 recipients and 20 @entity1 with @entity1778 ) received intermittent high-dose intravenous @entity1331 , 83 (79.8%) as prophylaxis. Large variability in the @entity1331 dosing regimen was observed; 78 (75%) @entity1 received >75% of their course as 300 mg @entity1331 3 times weekly. Liver function tests decreased from baseline to end of treatment (EOT; P < .001). @entity1 with normal baseline liver function (n = 55 [52%]) maintained similar enzyme levels throughout the study. For @entity1 with abnormal baseline liver function (n = 49 [47%]), liver function tests significantly improved from baseline to EOT (P  <= .005). Duration and/or @entity1331 dosing algorithms were not associated with liver @entity137 at EOT. There were no significant changes in renal function, and infusion-related reactions or deaths were not observed. Five of 83 (6.0%) @entity1 in the prophylaxis group developed a breakthrough @entity364 . CONCLUSIONS:    In this largest cohort of @entity1 to date, intermittent administration of high-dose @entity1331 was well tolerated, without any associated @entity409 , and may be considered an alternative antifungal prophylactic strategy. Prospective studies are needed to further validate these findings.

title: Safety and Efficacy of Intermittent Intravenous Administration of High-Dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver or renal function abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

answer: @entity1331 :: (MESH:C121905,Chemical) :: ['Micafungin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Personalized medicine shows promise for maximizing efficacy and minimizing @entity137 of anti- @entity5 treatment. @entity984 exon 2 mutations are predictive of resistance to @entity470 -directed monoclonal antibodies in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 . Recent studies have shown that broader RAS testing ( @entity984 and @entity8497 ) is needed to select @entity1 for treatment. While Sanger sequencing is still used, approaches based on various methodologies are available. Few CE-approved kits, however, detect the full spectrum of RAS mutations. More recently, "next-generation" sequencing has been developed for research use, including parallel semiconductor sequencing and reversible termination. These techniques have high technical sensitivities for detecting mutations, although the ideal threshold is currently unknown. Finally, liquid biopsy has the potential to become an additional tool to assess @entity5 -derived DNA. For accurate and timely RAS testing, appropriate sampling and prompt delivery of material is critical. Processes to ensure efficient turnaround from sample request to RAS evaluation must be implemented so that @entity1 receive the most appropriate treatment. Given the variety of methodologies, external quality assurance programs are important to ensure a high standard of RAS testing. Here, we review technical and practical aspects of RAS testing for pathologists working with metastatic @entity14 samples. The extension of markers from @entity984 to RAS testing is the new paradigm for biomarker testing in @entity14 .

title: RAS testing in metastatic XXXX : advances in Europe.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer tumor']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gonadal sex determination (GSD) in @entity1 is a complex biological process that takes place in early stages of embryonic development when the bipotential gonadal primordium (BGP) differentiates towards testes or ovaries. This decision is directed by one of two distinct pathways embedded in a GSD network activated in a population of coelomic epithelial cells, the Sertoli progenitor cells (SPC) and the granulosa progenitor cells (GPC). In males, the pathway is activated when the @entity16438 ( @entity16438 ) gene starts to be expressed, whereas in females the @entity18182 / @entity3546 pathway promotes the differentiation of the GPCs towards ovaries. The interactions and dynamics of the elements that constitute the GSD network are poorly understood, thus our group is interested in inferring the general architecture of this network as well as modeling the dynamic behavior of a set of genes associated to this process under wild-type and mutant conditions. METHODS: We reconstructed the regulatory network of GSD with a set of genes directly associated with the process of differentiation from SPC and GPC towards Sertoli and granulosa cells, respectively. These genes are experimentally well-characterized and the effects of their deficiency have been clinically reported. We modeled this GSD network as a synchronous Boolean network model (BNM) and characterized its attractors under wild-type and mutant conditions. RESULTS: Three attractors with a clear biological meaning were found; one of them corresponding to the currently known gene expression pattern of Sertoli cells, the second correlating to the granulosa cells and, the third resembling a disgenetic gonad. CONCLUSIONS: The BNM of GSD that we present summarizes the experimental data on the pathways for Sertoli and granulosa establishment and sheds light on the overall behavior of a population of cells that differentiate within the developing gonad. With this model we propose a set of regulatory interactions needed to activate either the @entity16438 or the @entity18182 / @entity3546 pathway as well as their downstream targets, which are critical for further sex differentiation. In addition, we observed a pattern of altered regulatory interactions and their dynamics that lead to some @entity4998 ( @entity4998 ).

title: A Boolean network model of XXXX gonadal sex determination.

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['DSD', 'disorders of sex development']

entities_list: @entity16438 :: ('6736', 'Gene') :: ['SRY', 'Sex-Determining Region Y']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Thirty-seven diminutive flat depressed @entity1313 of the colon, smaller than 5 mm, were detected by contrast chromoscopy using an indigo carmine capsule and subsequently removed by endoscopic mucosal resection. We investigated the endoscopic, macroscopic, and histologic characteristics of these lesions and also evaluated the usefulness of chromoscopy and the magnifying endoscope for detecting this type of lesion. The lesions were classified into two types according to the measured height of the histologic sections: 28 lesions were truly flat depressed and the remaining 9 lesions were flat elevated. Of the 37 lesions, 18 were @entity652 with mild atypia, 14 with moderate atypia, and 5 with severe atypia. The flat depressed lesions included 12 with mild atypia, 11 with moderate atypia, and 5 with severe atypia. No @entity189 was present in either type, and no @entity652 with severe atypia was identified in any of the flat elevated lesions. The overall rate of severe atypia was 13.5%; the rate of severe atypia for the flat depressed type was 17.9%, which is approximately 14-fold greater than that of ordinary diminutive polypoid @entity652 (1.3%). The detection of these lesions was facilitated by the use of indigo @entity20696 dye, which clearly demonstrated the mucosal irregularities. The frequency of detection of these lesions was increased four to five times with a magnifying endoscope, as occurred in nearly 10% of all of the @entity1 examined. These data suggest that the finding of endoscopically minute flat depressed @entity1313 is not at all uncommon when examination is meticulously performed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Minute flat depressed XXXX of the colon detected by contrast chromoscopy using an indigo carmine capsule.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['neoplastic lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the three different treatment methods and investigate The effectiveness of the therapeutic effect of common salt. METHODS: This retrospective study involved @entity1 who were treated in our clinic for umbilical @entity2869 between January 2010 and December 2011. The @entity1 were divided to three subgroups according to treatment methods. Group I: Cases treated with only local debridement and systemic antibiotic, group II: cases treated with local debridement, systemic antibiotic and @entity7292 , group 3: cases treated with debridement, systemic antibiotic and salt. RESULTS: In this study, 63 @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity6052 were treated in our clinic. The @entity1 were classified into three groups; group I included 20 @entity1 , group II included 18 @entity1 and group III included 18 @entity1 . During 16-24 months of follow-up, 4 (20%) recurrences in group1 and 2 (11.1%) recurrences in group 2 were detected. Recurrence rate of group 3 was significantly different (5.55%) when compared to group 2. The mean period for returning to daily activities and work was 1 day for the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we suggest that @entity2869 cases which are not complicated by abcess and cellulitis can be treated by local removal of umbilical hairs, debridement and dressing without surgery. We conclude that application of common salt (table/ cooking salt) to umbilical @entity2869 with @entity738 is a simple and highly effective way of treatment without any relapse and complications. KEY WORDS: Conservative treatment, Local debridement, Umblical @entity2869 .

title: Effective conservative treatment of umbilical @entity2869 : XXXX ? Salt?

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal sinus', 'pilonidal sinus disease']

answer: @entity7292 :: (MESH:D012835,Chemical) :: ['Silver nitrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the three different treatment methods and investigate The effectiveness of the therapeutic effect of common salt. METHODS: This retrospective study involved @entity1 who were treated in our clinic for umbilical @entity2869 between January 2010 and December 2011. The @entity1 were divided to three subgroups according to treatment methods. Group I: Cases treated with only local debridement and systemic antibiotic, group II: cases treated with local debridement, systemic antibiotic and @entity7292 , group 3: cases treated with debridement, systemic antibiotic and salt. RESULTS: In this study, 63 @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity6052 were treated in our clinic. The @entity1 were classified into three groups; group I included 20 @entity1 , group II included 18 @entity1 and group III included 18 @entity1 . During 16-24 months of follow-up, 4 (20%) recurrences in group1 and 2 (11.1%) recurrences in group 2 were detected. Recurrence rate of group 3 was significantly different (5.55%) when compared to group 2. The mean period for returning to daily activities and work was 1 day for the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we suggest that @entity2869 cases which are not complicated by abcess and cellulitis can be treated by local removal of umbilical hairs, debridement and dressing without surgery. We conclude that application of common salt (table/ cooking salt) to umbilical @entity2869 with @entity738 is a simple and highly effective way of treatment without any relapse and complications. KEY WORDS: Conservative treatment, Local debridement, Umblical @entity2869 .

title: Effective conservative treatment of umbilical XXXX : @entity7292 ? Salt?

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus disease']