abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the side effects of @entity5520 (BP) on tooth extraction socket healing in spontaneously @entity6 Torii (SDT) @entity35 , an established model of @entity6 , to develop an animal model of BP-related @entity2530 of the jaws (BRONJ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 and SDT @entity35 were randomly assigned to the @entity4381 ( @entity5921 )-treated groups (SD/ @entity5921 or SDT/ @entity5921 ) or to the control groups (SD/control or SDT/control). @entity35 in the SD/ @entity5921 or SDT/ @entity5921 groups received an intravenous bolus injection of @entity5921 (35  g/kg) every 2 weeks. Each group consisted of 6 @entity35 each. Twenty-one weeks after @entity5921 treatment began, the left maxillary molars were extracted. The @entity35 were euthanized at 2, 4, or 8 weeks after tooth extraction, and the total maxillae were harvested for histological and histochemical studies. RESULTS: In the oral cavity, bone exposure persisted at the tooth extraction site in all @entity35 of the SDT/ @entity5921 group until 8 weeks after tooth extraction. In contrast, there was no bone exposure in SD/control or SDT/control groups, and only 1 of 6 @entity35 in the SD/ @entity5921 group showed bone exposure. Histologically, necrotic bone areas with empty lacunae, microbial colonies, and less invasion by inflammatory cells were observed. The number of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts was lower in the SDT/ @entity5921 group than in the SD/control group. The mineral apposition rate was significantly lower in the SDT/ @entity5921 group compared with the SD/control group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the development of BRONJ-like lesions in @entity35 and suggested that @entity79 with less inflammatory cell infiltration plays an important role in the development of BRONJ.

title: Establishment of an Animal Model of @entity5520 -Related @entity2530 of the Jaws in Spontaneously @entity6 Torii XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Considerable controversy surrounds whether a history of @entity2346 media with effusion (OME) in early childhood causes later speech and @entity3180 . We conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies to determine: 1) whether a history of OME in early childhood is related to receptive language, expressive language, vocabulary, syntax, or speech development in @entity1 1 to 5 years old and 2) whether @entity393 caused by @entity2346 media in early childhood is related to @entity1 's receptive language or expressive language through 2 years of age. METHODS: We searched online databases and bibliographies of OME studies and reviews for prospective or randomized clinical trials published between January 1966 and October 2002 that examined the relationship of OME or OME-associated @entity393 in early childhood to @entity1 's later speech and language development. The original search identified 38 studies, of which 14 had data suitable for calculating a pooled correlation coefficient (correlational studies) or standard difference between parallel groups (group studies). Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool data when at least 3 studies had usable data for a particular outcome. RESULTS: We performed 11 meta-analyses. There were no significant findings for the analyses of OME during early childhood versus receptive or expressive language during the preschool years in the correlation studies. Similarly, there were no significant findings for OME versus vocabulary, syntax, or speech during the preschool years. Conversely, there was a significant negative association between OME and preschoolers' receptive and expressive language (lower language) (0.24 and 0.25 standard difference, respectively) in the group studies. Additionally, hearing was also related to receptive and expressive language in infancy (3%-9% of variance). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate no to very small negative associations of OME and associated @entity393 to @entity1 's later speech and language development. These findings may overestimate the impact of OME on outcomes, because most studies did not adjust for known confounding variables (such as socioeconomic status) and excluded data not suitable for statistical pooling, especially from methodologically sound studies. Although some OME language differences were detectable by meta-analysis due to increased statistical power, the clinical relevance for otherwise healthy @entity1 is uncertain.

title: XXXX media and speech and language: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language problems']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['Otitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Central nervous system manifestations are rare clinical features of @entity2883 , and occur in 4-8% of the @entity1 , but few studies were dedicated to them. METHODS: This retrospective study (1988-2001) include 14 consecutive @entity1 suffering from @entity2883 . Involvement of central nervous system was defined as follows: suggestive neurological signs, compatible cerebral imaging, efficacy of the specific treatment of the @entity2883 . RESULTS: Four @entity1 had a central nervous system manifestation (29%), including three @entity1 (average age 51 years). The signs were inaugural in a case. The manifestations were the following: sensibility disturbance (three cases), @entity425 (two cases), @entity2026 (one case), and @entity1316 (two cases). Cranial nerves were constantly involved. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging findings were: @entity693 and @entity49 (one case), @entity1333 (two cases). Under @entity134 therapy associated with @entity786 , in spite of a recurrence at 27 months in one @entity1 , all @entity1 had a complete remission. There was no death, with a median follow-up of 66 months. Except the ocular signs, that were more common (three cases), these @entity1 had the usual characteristics of the @entity2883 : rhinosinusitis (four cases), pulmonary (three cases), renal (three cases), and peripheral nervous system involvement (three cases). CONCLUSIONS: Our study, based on precise criteria, indicates that the frequency of the central neurologic manifestations of @entity2883 is probably under estimated. Cranial nerves involvement is highly evocative. The long-term prognosis seems good, in spite of the associated @entity74 .

title: [Incidence and presentation of the central neurological manifestations of XXXX : a monocentric study of 14 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['motor weakness']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['pachymeningitis']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multivisceral disorder']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis", 'granulomatosis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: @entity5 is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 aged 15-34. Although post-treatment prognosis is generally very good, the impact on sexuality, gender identity and fertility is amplified in this age group. A Canadian study of @entity1 with @entity5 explores how @entity1 (re)consider questions of sexuality and gender post diagnosis and treatment. Semi-structured interviews with 40 @entity1 were analyzed using thematic decomposition, an analytic technique that combines discursive approaches with thematic analysis. The theoretical framework that guides this work relies on material discursive approaches. From an analytic stance, this perspective is concerned with a focus on the ways in which both subjectivity and the body are experienced and constituted in language. In particular, we are concerned with how these @entity1 interpret the (altered) male body as a locus of gender signification and gender disruption. @entity1 in this study construct @entity5 as alternately inhibiting and enhancing masculinity and sexuality. Disruption interpolates with potentiality. A discourse of precarious masculinity predominates these accounts, wherein the link between anatomy and masculinity is simultaneously asserted and disavowed. Constructions of anatomical essentialism (i.e., testicular integrity is equated with masculinity) are juxtaposed against construals of anatomical superfluousness (i.e., other sites of sexuality and male identity are emphasized as being more central).

title: (Dis)embodying gender and sexuality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'cancer', 'Testicular cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify fetal heart rate characteristics of @entity1 with uterine @entity397 compared with successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) controls. METHODS: This is a case-control study. Obstetric records of @entity1 at the University of Washington Medical Center and Swedish Medical Center were reviewed for cases of uterine @entity397 . Entry criteria included operative confirmation of the diagnosis, gestational age beyond 24 weeks, presence of one or more prior low transverse uterine incisions, and availability of fetal heart tracings. Each case was matched with 3 controls randomly selected from a pool of successful VBAC deliveries at the same institution within 1 year. Three blinded independent examiners then examined fetal heart tracings. Each tracing was rated for the presence of fetal @entity591 , mild or moderate variable decelerations, severe variable decelerations, late decelerations, prolonged decelerations, fetal @entity1168 , and loss of uterine tone in both the first and second stages of labor separately. RESULTS: Of the 48 uterine ruptures identified, 36 met inclusion criteria. These were matched with 100 controls. Cases showed significantly increased rates of fetal @entity1168 than controls in the first stage (P <.01) and second stage (P <.01). No significant differences were noted in rates of mild or severe variable decelerations, late decelerations, prolonged decelerations, fetal @entity591 , or loss of uterine tone. CONCLUSION: Fetal @entity1168 in the first and second stage is the only finding to differentiate uterine ruptures from successful VBAC @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-2

title: Fetal heart rate changes associated with uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: From the available literature, it is unclear what proportion of pancreatic @entity420 express @entity172 receptors ( @entity7971 , @entity1783 ), @entity1420 receptors (PR), and @entity342 receptors (AR), and if any of these markers have prognostic significance. We aimed to assess (1) the expression and (2) the correlation of the aforementioned markers with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity788 . During a five-year period, 60 @entity1 with @entity1124 underwent surgical resection at a single institution. Immunohistochemical stains of the studied markers were quantified by Image analysis system. @entity7971 expression was positively associated with PR expression. Moreover, @entity1783 was inversely associated with the presence of metastases, whereas no significant associations implicated AR. As far as the prognostic significance of the studied receptors is concerned, higher @entity7971 expression correlated with poorer survival at the univariate analysis, but the finding dissipated at the multivariate approach. No significant associations with overall survival were noted regarding the other receptors. The role of sex hormone receptors in the survival from @entity788 seems rather limited. Further prospective studies assessing those receptors should ideally be designed in order to confirm our results and possibly outline additional correlations between other @entity479 receptors and features of @entity788 .

title: Prognostic role of sex @entity479 receptors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: From the available literature, it is unclear what proportion of pancreatic @entity420 express @entity172 receptors ( @entity7971 , @entity1783 ), @entity1420 receptors (PR), and @entity342 receptors (AR), and if any of these markers have prognostic significance. We aimed to assess (1) the expression and (2) the correlation of the aforementioned markers with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity788 . During a five-year period, 60 @entity1 with @entity1124 underwent surgical resection at a single institution. Immunohistochemical stains of the studied markers were quantified by Image analysis system. @entity7971 expression was positively associated with PR expression. Moreover, @entity1783 was inversely associated with the presence of metastases, whereas no significant associations implicated AR. As far as the prognostic significance of the studied receptors is concerned, higher @entity7971 expression correlated with poorer survival at the univariate analysis, but the finding dissipated at the multivariate approach. No significant associations with overall survival were noted regarding the other receptors. The role of sex hormone receptors in the survival from @entity788 seems rather limited. Further prospective studies assessing those receptors should ideally be designed in order to confirm our results and possibly outline additional correlations between other @entity479 receptors and features of @entity788 .

title: Prognostic role of sex XXXX receptors in @entity788 .

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The goal of this study was to examine the effect of insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity4208 ; added during post-thaw culture (48 h)) on the preimplantation viability and quality of cryopreserved @entity291 in vivo recovered embryos. The morula stage embryos, non-surgically recovered from superovulated dairy @entity291 of Czech Fleckvieh @entity291 breed, had previously been cryopreserved by a slow freezing technique and stored in liquid @entity1568 since 1989-1990. Following thawing, the embryos were cultured for 48 h either alone (no @entity4208 ) or in the presence of @entity4208 (10 or 100 ng/ml); non-cultured embryos served as a control. Thereafter, the embryos were analyzed for cleavage to the blastocyst stage, apoptosis (TUNEL), embryo cell number and quality of actin cytoskeleton. Following post-thaw culture 41% of embryos developed to advanced blastocysts. @entity4208 increased this per cent and, at a higher dose, essentially reduced the per cent of degenerated embryos. In cultured embryos, @entity4208 at both doses elevated the cell number compared with non-cultured embryos. However, in comparison with embryos cultured without @entity4208 , only the higher @entity4208 dose resulted in elevating the embryo cell number. The TUNEL index was significantly lowered by @entity4208 treatment. Thawed embryos were mostly of the grade III actin type and fewer (12%) had grade II actin, whilst no grade I actin embryos were noted. The addition of @entity4208 resulted in the appearance of grade I actin embryos (8.33 and 6.9% for 10 and 100 ng/ml, respectively). These observations indicate that the addition of @entity4208 during post-thaw culture can improve the quality of @entity291 cryopreserved embryos.

title: Post-thaw culture in presence of insulin-like growth factor I improves the quality of XXXX cryopreserved embryos.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'cattle', 'bovine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The annual number of parental karyotypes in cases of repeated @entity2208 is increasing gradually in The Netherlands. The efficiency of offering parental karyotyping in couples with repeated @entity2208 has not been evaluated before, especially not for the group with miscarriages at advanced maternal age. METHODS: A historical cohort study and nested case-control study were conducted, including couples with at least two miscarriages. Data were retrieved from medical records and telephone interviews. The obstetric follow-up was recorded for > or =2 years after the parental chromosome analysis. Data were analysed to compare ratios of carrier/non-carrier couples in whom maternal age was > or =36 or <36 years at the second, third or fourth and more @entity2208 . A projected prevalence of carrier status of a @entity2526 was calculated by extrapolating the number of included @entity1 to the original level of the total screening population. RESULTS: Forty-one couples with carrier status of a @entity2526 and 74 couples without carrier status were included. No unbalanced offspring arose after the detection of a @entity2526 . The risk of being a carrier was not significantly lower (as might be expected) when @entity1 were > or =36 years. Ascertainment after two, three, or four and more miscarriages did not change these findings. CONCLUSIONS: Karyotyping of 1324 couples ascertained for repeated @entity2208 did not yield an unbalanced fetal chromosome pattern after the ascertainment of parental carrier status. In @entity1 with advanced maternal age, the frequency of carrier status was not lower than in younger @entity1 .

title: Clinical relevance of diagnosing structural chromosome abnormalities in couples with repeated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural chromosome abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['miscarriage']


abstract: PURPOSE: The optimum therapy for @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ) remains controversial. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether intensive @entity900 and @entity786 -based combination chemotherapy was effective in @entity1 with intracranial @entity2971 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 were enrolled, aged 5 to 41 years (median, 13 years). Initial therapy included two courses of Regimen A ( @entity900 , @entity2879 , @entity786 , and @entity1732 ). @entity1 achieving a complete remission (CR) then received two courses of Regimen B ( @entity3003 , @entity2879 , and @entity1732 ). Those in CR after four courses of treatment received one additional course of Regimen A and Regimen B, while those not in CR after four treatment courses underwent second-look surgery and/or irradiation. RESULTS: Sixteen of 17 @entity1 assessable for response after two courses of treatment achieved a CR or partial response (CR + partial response, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.0). With a median follow-up of 6.3 years, 14 of 20 @entity1 are alive without disease; eight @entity1 were without relapse or progression, of whom three received local irradiation in first complete remission in violation of protocol, and six @entity1 were in durable second or third complete remission after further chemotherapy and/or irradiation. The 5-year overall survival and event-free survival were 0.75 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.94) and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.59), respectively. CONCLUSION: Intensive chemotherapy was effective in one-third of @entity1 in this study. Salvage therapy, including irradiation, was feasible in @entity1 with recurrent disease.

title: Primary chemotherapy for XXXX : results of the second international CNS germ cell study group protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial nongerminomatous germ cell tumors', 'NGGCT']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['intracranial nongerminomatous germ cell tumors']


abstract: @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) were developed to respect @entity1 autonomy. However, very few @entity1 have @entity1442 , even in cases when major @entity65 surgery is to follow. To understand the reasons behind the low prevalence of @entity1442 and to help decision making when @entity1 are incompetent, it is necessary to focus on the impact of prehospital practitioners, who may contribute to an increase in @entity1442 by discussing them with @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to investigate self-rated communication skills and the attitudes of physicians potentially involved in the care of @entity65 @entity1 toward @entity1442 .Self-administered questionnaires were sent to general practitioners, cardiologists, internists, and intensivists, including the Quality of Communication Score, divided into a General Communication score (QOCgen 6 items) and an End-of-life Communication score (QOCeol 7 items), as well as questions regarding opinions and practices in terms of @entity1442 .One hundred sixty-four responses were received. QOCgen (mean (  SD)): 9.0/10 (1.0); QOCeol: 7.2/10 (1.7). General practitioners most frequently start discussions about @entity1442 (74/149 [47%]) and are more prone to designate their own specialty (30/49 [61%], P<0.0001). Overall, only 57/159 (36%) physicians designated their own specialty; 130/158 (82%) physicians ask potential @entity65 @entity1 if they have @entity1442 and 61/118 (52%) physicians who care for @entity65 @entity1 talk about @entity1442 with some of them.The characteristics of physicians who do not talk about @entity1442 with @entity1 were those who did not personally have @entity1442 and those who work in private practices.One hundred thirty-three (83%) physicians rated the systematic mention of @entity1 ' @entity1442 in the correspondence between physicians as good, while 114 (71%) at the @entity1 ' first registration in the private practice.Prehospital physicians rated their communication skills as good, whereas end-of-life communication was rated much lower. Only half of those surveyed speak about @entity1442 with @entity65 @entity1 . The majority would prefer that physicians of another specialty, most frequently general practitioners, initiate conversation about @entity1442 . In order to increase prehospital @entity1442 incidence, efforts must be centered on improving practitioners' communication skills regarding death, by providing trainings to allow physicians to feel more at ease when speaking about end-of-life issues.

title: Advance Directives and Communication Skills of Prehospital Physicians Involved in the Care of Cardiovascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advance directives', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Although @entity18711 is regarded as a well-defined entity, contradictory data on pleural fluid characteristics have been presented, with some papers classifying it as a transudate, whereas others stating that it is an exudate.The aims of the study were: (1) to evaluate pleural fluid characteristics in @entity1 with @entity18711 and (2) to analyze the prevalence of transudative and exudative @entity1143 in relation to the applied definition of the syndrome.We performed a search through medical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR) to identify papers on @entity18711 published between 1940 and 2013. Two authors independently reviewed each paper searching for prespecified data: (1) signs and symptoms, (2) @entity5 characteristics, (3) clinical and laboratory data on ascites, (4) clinical, radiological, and laboratory data on pleural fluid, (5) clinical course after @entity5 removal. All case reports were reclassified according to a new unequivocal classification of @entity18711 -related entities.A total of 653 papers were initially identified, and 454 articles reporting 541 @entity1 were included in the final analysis. After reclassification according to our case definitions, there were 196, 113, and 108 @entity1 defined as classic @entity18711 , nonclassic @entity18711 , and @entity18711 , respectively. Significantly more @entity1 presented with right-sided than left-sided and bilateral @entity1143 (P<0.001). Median volume of withdrawn pleural fluid was 2950 (1500-6000) mL. The classification of @entity1143 with the use of Light's criteria was possible in only 7 @entity1 . In 6 of these @entity1 @entity1143 met the criteria for an exudate. When the protein concentration > 3.0g/dL was applied as a criterion of pleural exudate, 88.8% (80/90) of effusions were classified as exudates. Increasing the cut-off level to 3.5g/dL resulted in only a modest decrease in the percentage of exudative effusions (81%, 73/90).Surprisingly few reports on @entity18711 present data reliably defining the character of @entity1143 . The available data indicate, however, that the majority of @entity1143 in @entity1 with this entity are exudates. This finding may be a prerequisite for the verification of some earlier presented concepts.

title: XXXX in Meigs' Syndrome-Transudate or Exudate?: Systematic Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity18711 :: ('MESH:D008538', 'Disease') :: ["pseudo-Meigs' syndrome", "Meigs' syndrome"]

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['Pleural Effusion']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity72328 ( @entity6355 -001) is a novel naturally occurring replication-competent picornavirus with potent and selective tropism for neuroendocrine @entity5 cell types, including @entity151 . We conducted a first-in- @entity1 , first-in-class phase I clinical trial of this agent in @entity1 with @entity5 with @entity154 , including @entity151 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Clinical evaluation of single intravenous doses in @entity1 with @entity5 with @entity154 was performed across five log-increments from 10(7) to 10(11) vp/kg. @entity137 , viral titers and clearance, neutralizing antibody development, and @entity5 response were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity1 were treated with @entity6355 -001, including six with @entity4153 at the lowest dose of 10(7) vp/kg. @entity6355 -001 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting @entity137 observed in any dose cohort. Viral clearance was documented in all subjects and correlated temporally with development of antiviral antibodies. Evidence of in vivo intratumoral viral replication was observed among @entity1 with @entity4153 , with peak viral titers estimated to be >10(3)-fold higher than the administered dose. One @entity1 with previously progressive @entity151 remained progression-free for 10 months after @entity6355 -001 administration, and is alive over 3 years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity6355 -001 administration in @entity1 is well tolerated at doses up to 10(11) vp/kg, with predictable viral clearance kinetics, intratumoral viral replication, and evidence of antitumor activity in @entity1 with @entity151 . Phase II clinical evaluation in @entity151 is warranted, and has been initiated.

title: Phase I clinical study of @entity72328 ( XXXX -001), a replication-competent picornavirus, in advanced solid @entity5 with @entity154 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine features']

entities_list: @entity72328 :: ('390157', 'Species') :: ['Seneca Valley Virus']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['chemorefractory small cell lung cancer', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity6355 :: (35246,Species) :: ['SVV']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity72328 ( @entity6355 -001) is a novel naturally occurring replication-competent picornavirus with potent and selective tropism for neuroendocrine @entity5 cell types, including @entity151 . We conducted a first-in- @entity1 , first-in-class phase I clinical trial of this agent in @entity1 with @entity5 with @entity154 , including @entity151 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Clinical evaluation of single intravenous doses in @entity1 with @entity5 with @entity154 was performed across five log-increments from 10(7) to 10(11) vp/kg. @entity137 , viral titers and clearance, neutralizing antibody development, and @entity5 response were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity1 were treated with @entity6355 -001, including six with @entity4153 at the lowest dose of 10(7) vp/kg. @entity6355 -001 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting @entity137 observed in any dose cohort. Viral clearance was documented in all subjects and correlated temporally with development of antiviral antibodies. Evidence of in vivo intratumoral viral replication was observed among @entity1 with @entity4153 , with peak viral titers estimated to be >10(3)-fold higher than the administered dose. One @entity1 with previously progressive @entity151 remained progression-free for 10 months after @entity6355 -001 administration, and is alive over 3 years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity6355 -001 administration in @entity1 is well tolerated at doses up to 10(11) vp/kg, with predictable viral clearance kinetics, intratumoral viral replication, and evidence of antitumor activity in @entity1 with @entity151 . Phase II clinical evaluation in @entity151 is warranted, and has been initiated.

title: Phase I clinical study of XXXX ( @entity6355 -001), a replication-competent picornavirus, in advanced solid @entity5 with @entity154 .

answer: @entity72328 :: (390157,Species) :: ['Seneca Valley Virus']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity72328 ( @entity6355 -001) is a novel naturally occurring replication-competent picornavirus with potent and selective tropism for neuroendocrine @entity5 cell types, including @entity151 . We conducted a first-in- @entity1 , first-in-class phase I clinical trial of this agent in @entity1 with @entity5 with @entity154 , including @entity151 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Clinical evaluation of single intravenous doses in @entity1 with @entity5 with @entity154 was performed across five log-increments from 10(7) to 10(11) vp/kg. @entity137 , viral titers and clearance, neutralizing antibody development, and @entity5 response were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity1 were treated with @entity6355 -001, including six with @entity4153 at the lowest dose of 10(7) vp/kg. @entity6355 -001 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting @entity137 observed in any dose cohort. Viral clearance was documented in all subjects and correlated temporally with development of antiviral antibodies. Evidence of in vivo intratumoral viral replication was observed among @entity1 with @entity4153 , with peak viral titers estimated to be >10(3)-fold higher than the administered dose. One @entity1 with previously progressive @entity151 remained progression-free for 10 months after @entity6355 -001 administration, and is alive over 3 years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity6355 -001 administration in @entity1 is well tolerated at doses up to 10(11) vp/kg, with predictable viral clearance kinetics, intratumoral viral replication, and evidence of antitumor activity in @entity1 with @entity151 . Phase II clinical evaluation in @entity151 is warranted, and has been initiated.

title: Phase I clinical study of @entity72328 ( @entity6355 -001), a replication-competent picornavirus, in advanced solid XXXX with @entity154 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity72328 ( @entity6355 -001) is a novel naturally occurring replication-competent picornavirus with potent and selective tropism for neuroendocrine @entity5 cell types, including @entity151 . We conducted a first-in- @entity1 , first-in-class phase I clinical trial of this agent in @entity1 with @entity5 with @entity154 , including @entity151 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Clinical evaluation of single intravenous doses in @entity1 with @entity5 with @entity154 was performed across five log-increments from 10(7) to 10(11) vp/kg. @entity137 , viral titers and clearance, neutralizing antibody development, and @entity5 response were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity1 were treated with @entity6355 -001, including six with @entity4153 at the lowest dose of 10(7) vp/kg. @entity6355 -001 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting @entity137 observed in any dose cohort. Viral clearance was documented in all subjects and correlated temporally with development of antiviral antibodies. Evidence of in vivo intratumoral viral replication was observed among @entity1 with @entity4153 , with peak viral titers estimated to be >10(3)-fold higher than the administered dose. One @entity1 with previously progressive @entity151 remained progression-free for 10 months after @entity6355 -001 administration, and is alive over 3 years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity6355 -001 administration in @entity1 is well tolerated at doses up to 10(11) vp/kg, with predictable viral clearance kinetics, intratumoral viral replication, and evidence of antitumor activity in @entity1 with @entity151 . Phase II clinical evaluation in @entity151 is warranted, and has been initiated.

title: Phase I clinical study of @entity72328 ( @entity6355 -001), a replication-competent picornavirus, in advanced solid @entity5 with XXXX .

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine features']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Muscle @entity1295 prevents repetitive use of paralyzed muscle after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of hybrid patterns of muscle stimulation in individuals with acute and chronic @entity1566 . METHODS: Individuals with chronic (n = 11) or acute @entity912 (n = 3) underwent soleus muscle activation with a constant (CT) or doublet (DT) stimulation train before and at various times after a @entity1295 protocol. RESULTS: The chronically paralyzed soleus was highly fatigable with a @entity1295 index (FI) of 19%    6%, whereas the acutely paralyzed soleus was @entity1295 resistant (FI = 89%    8%). For the chronically paralyzed group, the DT protocol caused less than 5% improvement in peak and mean force relative to the CT protocol before @entity1295 ; however, after @entity1295 the DT protocol caused an increase in peak and mean force (>10%), compared with the CT protocol (P < .05). As the chronically paralyzed muscle developed low-frequency @entity1295 , the DT protocol became more effective than the CT protocol (P < .05). The DT protocol increased the rate of torque development before @entity1295 (42%    78%), after @entity1295 (62%    52%), and during recovery (87%    54% to 101%    56%; P < .05). The acutely paralyzed group showed minimal change in peak and mean torque with the DT protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic reduced activity is associated with muscle adaptations (slow to fast) that render the muscle more amenable to force enhancement through doublet train activation after @entity1295 . These findings are applicable to @entity1 using neuromuscular stimulation.

title: Doublet electrical stimulation enhances torque production in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Muscle @entity1295 prevents repetitive use of paralyzed muscle after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of hybrid patterns of muscle stimulation in individuals with acute and chronic @entity1566 . METHODS: Individuals with chronic (n = 11) or acute @entity912 (n = 3) underwent soleus muscle activation with a constant (CT) or doublet (DT) stimulation train before and at various times after a @entity1295 protocol. RESULTS: The chronically paralyzed soleus was highly fatigable with a @entity1295 index (FI) of 19%    6%, whereas the acutely paralyzed soleus was @entity1295 resistant (FI = 89%    8%). For the chronically paralyzed group, the DT protocol caused less than 5% improvement in peak and mean force relative to the CT protocol before @entity1295 ; however, after @entity1295 the DT protocol caused an increase in peak and mean force (>10%), compared with the CT protocol (P < .05). As the chronically paralyzed muscle developed low-frequency @entity1295 , the DT protocol became more effective than the CT protocol (P < .05). The DT protocol increased the rate of torque development before @entity1295 (42%    78%), after @entity1295 (62%    52%), and during recovery (87%    54% to 101%    56%; P < .05). The acutely paralyzed group showed minimal change in peak and mean torque with the DT protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic reduced activity is associated with muscle adaptations (slow to fast) that render the muscle more amenable to force enhancement through doublet train activation after @entity1295 . These findings are applicable to @entity1 using neuromuscular stimulation.

title: Doublet electrical stimulation enhances torque production in XXXX with @entity1566 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the @entity2405 in order to identify their current place in therapy for the treatment of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). DATA SOURCES: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966-October 2010 week 1), EMBASE (1980-2010 week 40), and a bibliographic review of published articles using the search terms @entity1187 , @entity1397 , and @entity3076 . Articles were limited to clinical trials conducted in @entity1 and published in the English language. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Head-to-head clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of the @entity2405 in @entity1 with @entity1187 were critically reviewed. Trials evaluating @entity1396 were excluded due to its limited clinical use. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity2405 are an integral part of the treatment of @entity1187 . Prior to the approval of @entity3076 , @entity1397 was considered the agent of choice due to safety concerns associated with @entity1396 . A randomized controlled trial comparing @entity3076 and @entity1397 has demonstrated superior efficacy with @entity3076 , and post hoc analyses suggest additional benefit with @entity3076 is derived in @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 and @entity1 with @entity6 . However, safety concerns exist linking @entity3076 with an increased risk of @entity548 , which diminishes its advantage in elderly @entity1 , underweight @entity1 , and those with a history of @entity64 . Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies discussing differences in response variability, platelet inhibition, interactions with proton pump inhibitors, and genetic factors between the @entity2405 are numerous, although more clinical data are needed to determine clinical implications. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trial data have suggested @entity3076 is superior to @entity1397 at preventing @entity63 events in @entity1 with @entity1187 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, this coincides with an increased risk of @entity548 . Clinicians must carefully interpret the current evidence, including limitations in study design and pharmacologic differences between agents, in order to balance the risks and benefits as new data become available.

title: XXXX in @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3076 :: ('MESH:C408153', 'Chemical') :: ['prasugrel']

entities_list: @entity2405 :: ('MESH:D058924', 'Chemical') :: ['thienopyridines', 'Thienopyridines']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity2405 :: (MESH:D058924,Chemical) :: ['Thienopyridines']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the @entity2405 in order to identify their current place in therapy for the treatment of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). DATA SOURCES: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966-October 2010 week 1), EMBASE (1980-2010 week 40), and a bibliographic review of published articles using the search terms @entity1187 , @entity1397 , and @entity3076 . Articles were limited to clinical trials conducted in @entity1 and published in the English language. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Head-to-head clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of the @entity2405 in @entity1 with @entity1187 were critically reviewed. Trials evaluating @entity1396 were excluded due to its limited clinical use. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity2405 are an integral part of the treatment of @entity1187 . Prior to the approval of @entity3076 , @entity1397 was considered the agent of choice due to safety concerns associated with @entity1396 . A randomized controlled trial comparing @entity3076 and @entity1397 has demonstrated superior efficacy with @entity3076 , and post hoc analyses suggest additional benefit with @entity3076 is derived in @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 and @entity1 with @entity6 . However, safety concerns exist linking @entity3076 with an increased risk of @entity548 , which diminishes its advantage in elderly @entity1 , underweight @entity1 , and those with a history of @entity64 . Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies discussing differences in response variability, platelet inhibition, interactions with proton pump inhibitors, and genetic factors between the @entity2405 are numerous, although more clinical data are needed to determine clinical implications. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trial data have suggested @entity3076 is superior to @entity1397 at preventing @entity63 events in @entity1 with @entity1187 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, this coincides with an increased risk of @entity548 . Clinicians must carefully interpret the current evidence, including limitations in study design and pharmacologic differences between agents, in order to balance the risks and benefits as new data become available.

title: @entity2405 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['Acute Coronary Syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute or chronic exposure to ionizing radiation is a factor that may be hazardous to health. It has been reported that exposure to low doses of radiation (less than 50 @entity2073 /year) and subsequently exposure to high doses produces greater effects in @entity1 . It has been reported that @entity1 who have been exposed to low doses of radiation (less than 50 @entity2073 /year) and subsequently are exposed to high doses, have greater effects. However, at a molecular and biochemical level, it is an unknown alteration. This study, analyzes the susceptibility of a biological system (HeLa ATCC @entity2842 @entity1 @entity5 cell line) to ionizing radiation (6 and 60 @entity2073 /90s). Our research considers multiple variables such as: total protein profile, mitochondrial metabolic activity (XTT assay), cell viability ( @entity3460 exclusion assay), cytoskeleton (actin microfilaments), nuclei (DAPI), and genomic DNA. The results indicate, that cells exposed to ionizing radiation show structural alterations in nuclear phenotype and aneuploidy, further disruption in the tight junctions and consequently on the distribution of actin microfilaments. Similar alterations were observed in cells treated with a genotoxic agent (200 M @entity5568 /1h). In conclusion, this multi-criteria assessment enables precise comparisons of the effects of radiation between various line cells. However, it is necessary to determine stress markers for integration of the effects of ionizing radiation.

title: XXXX cells exposed to ionizing radiation: Structural and biochemical aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervix cancer']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['Trypan blue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Mammalian']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), one of the most common benign lesions of the @entity1 vocal folds, has been associated with cigarette smoking. We have observed an abundant number of autophagosomes in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts in the lamina propria of @entity1 vocal folds under transmission electron microscopy in @entity4 tissue. Thus, we conducted a study about autophagy induced by @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) exposure in cultured @entity1 vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs). METHODS: Sampled tissues were cultured and exposed to varying levels of @entity1981 . Immunochemistry staining and Western blot analyses were then performed on the cultures. RESULTS: We demonstrated that @entity1981 significantly promoted intracellular reactive @entity26 species accumulation and reduced the viability of hVFFs in a concentration-dependent manner. Both immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis showed increased expression of the autophagy marker type II-membrane-associated light chain 3 in fibroblasts following 24 h of @entity1981 exposure, indicating the upregulation of autophagy activity. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the induction of autophagy played a protective role in hVFFs exposed to @entity1981 . CONCLUSION: Autophagy can be induced by @entity1981 in hVFFs, and it is a protective response of hVFFs to the exposure of @entity1981 . This study provides a new insight into the process involved in the development of @entity4 .

title: The Protective Role of Autophagy in @entity1 Vocal Fold Fibroblasts under Cigarette Smoke Extract Exposure: A New Insight into the Study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['RE', "Reinke's edema"]

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['CSE', 'cigarette smoke extract']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Reinke's Edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), one of the most common benign lesions of the @entity1 vocal folds, has been associated with cigarette smoking. We have observed an abundant number of autophagosomes in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts in the lamina propria of @entity1 vocal folds under transmission electron microscopy in @entity4 tissue. Thus, we conducted a study about autophagy induced by @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) exposure in cultured @entity1 vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs). METHODS: Sampled tissues were cultured and exposed to varying levels of @entity1981 . Immunochemistry staining and Western blot analyses were then performed on the cultures. RESULTS: We demonstrated that @entity1981 significantly promoted intracellular reactive @entity26 species accumulation and reduced the viability of hVFFs in a concentration-dependent manner. Both immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis showed increased expression of the autophagy marker type II-membrane-associated light chain 3 in fibroblasts following 24 h of @entity1981 exposure, indicating the upregulation of autophagy activity. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the induction of autophagy played a protective role in hVFFs exposed to @entity1981 . CONCLUSION: Autophagy can be induced by @entity1981 in hVFFs, and it is a protective response of hVFFs to the exposure of @entity1981 . This study provides a new insight into the process involved in the development of @entity4 .

title: The Protective Role of Autophagy in XXXX Vocal Fold Fibroblasts under Cigarette Smoke Extract Exposure: A New Insight into the Study of @entity4 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The culture of spermatogonial cells under well-defined conditions would be an important method for elucidating the mechanisms involved in spermatogenesis and in establishing tissue regeneration in vivo. In this study, a serum-free culture system was established, with type A spermatogonia isolated from adult @entity904 -deficient @entity19 . At days 1, 3 and 7 of culture, the viability and proliferation of cells were monitored. The viability of the cells decreased by day 7 to 10% of the cells present. Proliferation occurred mainly during day 1, when 1% of the germ cells was proliferating. Co-labelling for a germ cell marker ( @entity1457 protein-90alpha, Hsp90alpha), and a marker used to detect dividing cells ( @entity1603 , @entity1603 ), showed that this proliferation was restricted to germ cells. In an attempt to improve these parameters, medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS) was used. Viability was not influenced by serum, but proliferation was markedly enhanced. However, after day 7 of incubation with FCS, co-immunolocalization for Hsp90alpha and @entity1603 showed a preferential proliferation of somatic cells. Comparison of cultures of adult cells with cultures of prepubertal germ cells, commonly used in studies of spermatogenesis, showed that prepubertal germ cells are twice as viable. In addition, a different proliferation profile was observed, with a peak at day 3. Here, a distinct proliferation of somatic cells was also noted. The results from the present study indicate that the origin of isolated germ cells partly determines culture outcome and that cultures of prepubertal germ cells may not be representative for adult spermatogenesis. Moreover, adding FCS to the culture medium invokes the risk of profound and undesirable effects on cell composition, also underlining the need for identification of germ cells during culture.

title: Maintenance of adult XXXX type A spermatogonia in vitro: influence of serum and growth factors and comparison with prepubertal spermatogonial cell culture.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity23570 is a selective, noncompetitive @entity140 receptor antagonist with demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in partial @entity410 in @entity1 aged >= 12 years in Phase III studies. Post-hoc analysis of these studies was conducted to determine the efficacy and tolerability of @entity23570 based on the number of concomitant @entity734 ( @entity734 ) at baseline, as well as to examine which baseline characteristics, if any, were predictors of efficacy. Efficacy parameters were based on the number of baseline @entity734 , and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of demographic and baseline clinical factors with probability of >= 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency. @entity1 on 1 AED at baseline were significantly more likely to have reduced @entity410 frequency (P<0.02) and improved 50% responder rate (P<0.02) than @entity1 on 3 @entity734 at baseline. Secondarily generalized @entity410 at baseline, unknown etiology, and use of concomitant non-inducer @entity734 were also established as positive predictors of efficacy (50% responder rate; P<0.01). @entity1 with more @entity734 at baseline were associated with greater use of inducers (P<0.01), which may result in decreased exposure of @entity23570 in these @entity1 and lower efficacy. @entity1 with 1 AED at baseline had a significantly shorter time since diagnosis compared with @entity1 in the 3 (P<0.01) @entity734 group, as well as a lower median @entity410 frequency at baseline compared to @entity1 on 3 @entity734 (P<0.05), suggesting that the reduced efficacy of @entity23570 with 3 @entity734 may also be associated with the greater severity of @entity410 in the @entity1 groups. The incidence of adverse events in @entity23570 -treated @entity1 was similar regardless of the number of @entity734 at baseline. Greater efficacy is predicted for @entity1 receiving fewer concomitant @entity734 when starting @entity23570 , as well as for those receiving concomitant treatment with @entity734 that are not @entity5322 enzyme-inducers, compared to @entity1 treated with multiple concomitant @entity734 . The results of this study provide additional information for clinicians considering adding @entity23570 to their @entity1 ' treatment regimen earlier rather than later, and offer evidence regarding the potential for increased efficacy with a decreased medication burden.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of adjunct @entity23570 based on number of XXXX at baseline and baseline predictors of efficacy: A phase III post-hoc analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

entities_list: @entity23570 :: ('MESH:C551441', 'Chemical') :: ['Perampanel', 'perampanel']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['antiepileptic drugs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity23570 is a selective, noncompetitive @entity140 receptor antagonist with demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in partial @entity410 in @entity1 aged >= 12 years in Phase III studies. Post-hoc analysis of these studies was conducted to determine the efficacy and tolerability of @entity23570 based on the number of concomitant @entity734 ( @entity734 ) at baseline, as well as to examine which baseline characteristics, if any, were predictors of efficacy. Efficacy parameters were based on the number of baseline @entity734 , and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of demographic and baseline clinical factors with probability of >= 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency. @entity1 on 1 AED at baseline were significantly more likely to have reduced @entity410 frequency (P<0.02) and improved 50% responder rate (P<0.02) than @entity1 on 3 @entity734 at baseline. Secondarily generalized @entity410 at baseline, unknown etiology, and use of concomitant non-inducer @entity734 were also established as positive predictors of efficacy (50% responder rate; P<0.01). @entity1 with more @entity734 at baseline were associated with greater use of inducers (P<0.01), which may result in decreased exposure of @entity23570 in these @entity1 and lower efficacy. @entity1 with 1 AED at baseline had a significantly shorter time since diagnosis compared with @entity1 in the 3 (P<0.01) @entity734 group, as well as a lower median @entity410 frequency at baseline compared to @entity1 on 3 @entity734 (P<0.05), suggesting that the reduced efficacy of @entity23570 with 3 @entity734 may also be associated with the greater severity of @entity410 in the @entity1 groups. The incidence of adverse events in @entity23570 -treated @entity1 was similar regardless of the number of @entity734 at baseline. Greater efficacy is predicted for @entity1 receiving fewer concomitant @entity734 when starting @entity23570 , as well as for those receiving concomitant treatment with @entity734 that are not @entity5322 enzyme-inducers, compared to @entity1 treated with multiple concomitant @entity734 . The results of this study provide additional information for clinicians considering adding @entity23570 to their @entity1 ' treatment regimen earlier rather than later, and offer evidence regarding the potential for increased efficacy with a decreased medication burden.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of adjunct XXXX based on number of @entity734 at baseline and baseline predictors of efficacy: A phase III post-hoc analysis.

answer: @entity23570 :: (MESH:C551441,Chemical) :: ['perampanel']


abstract: Graft inclusion and vessel reattachment to openings made in the graft were employed in the treatment of 605 @entity1 with @entity2334 . These @entity1 were divided into four groups on the basis of the extent of @entity439 . Group I consisted of those @entity1 with involvement of most of the descending thoracic and upper abdominal aorta; group II involved most of the descending thoracic aorta and most or all of the abdominal aorta; group III involved the distal descending thoracic aorta and varying segments of abdominal aorta; and group IV involved most or all of the abdominal aorta including the segment from which the visceral vessels arose. The cause of @entity439 formation was medial degenerative disease in 80%, and dissection in 17%; other causes were responsible in the remaining 3%. The median age was 65 years and associated diseases including @entity439 involving other segments, @entity731 , @entity299 , @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), @entity101 , and @entity177 were frequent. The @entity439 was symptomatic in 70% of cases and @entity397 had occurred in 4% of cases. There were 54 (8.9%) early (30-day) deaths and 151 late deaths; 400 (66%) @entity1 were still alive 3 months to 20 years after operation, including 60% at 5 years. Statistically significant pre- and intraoperative variables by univariate analysis that were predictive of increased risk of @entity204 were advancing age, associated diseases that included @entity432 , @entity731 , @entity177 , and long aortic clamp time. Three of these (age, clamp time, and the presence of @entity1030 ) retained significance by multivariate analysis. Variables predictive of risk of late death were age, dissection, extent of @entity439 , @entity397 , @entity299 , @entity66 , @entity1030 , @entity101 , and poor renal function. Age, @entity397 , @entity8 , extent of @entity439 , and dissection retained their significance by multivariate analysis. Variables predictive of @entity16 of the lower extremities included @entity397 , reattachment of intercostal and lumbar arteries, clamp time, dissection, extent and age. @entity397 , reattachment of vessels, dissection, and extent of @entity439 retained significance by multivariate analysis. Thus, the risk of this complication was greatest in @entity1 with extensive lesions (group II) with @entity1580 . The greatest risk of @entity177 after operation that required dialysis was in @entity1 who had @entity8 before operation. Methods employed did not prevent these complications.

title: XXXX : preoperative and intraoperative factors determining immediate and long-term results of operations in 605 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['COPD, renal artery occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic occlusive disease', 'atherosclerotic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: Graft inclusion and vessel reattachment to openings made in the graft were employed in the treatment of 605 @entity1 with @entity2334 . These @entity1 were divided into four groups on the basis of the extent of @entity439 . Group I consisted of those @entity1 with involvement of most of the descending thoracic and upper abdominal aorta; group II involved most of the descending thoracic aorta and most or all of the abdominal aorta; group III involved the distal descending thoracic aorta and varying segments of abdominal aorta; and group IV involved most or all of the abdominal aorta including the segment from which the visceral vessels arose. The cause of @entity439 formation was medial degenerative disease in 80%, and dissection in 17%; other causes were responsible in the remaining 3%. The median age was 65 years and associated diseases including @entity439 involving other segments, @entity731 , @entity299 , @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), @entity101 , and @entity177 were frequent. The @entity439 was symptomatic in 70% of cases and @entity397 had occurred in 4% of cases. There were 54 (8.9%) early (30-day) deaths and 151 late deaths; 400 (66%) @entity1 were still alive 3 months to 20 years after operation, including 60% at 5 years. Statistically significant pre- and intraoperative variables by univariate analysis that were predictive of increased risk of @entity204 were advancing age, associated diseases that included @entity432 , @entity731 , @entity177 , and long aortic clamp time. Three of these (age, clamp time, and the presence of @entity1030 ) retained significance by multivariate analysis. Variables predictive of risk of late death were age, dissection, extent of @entity439 , @entity397 , @entity299 , @entity66 , @entity1030 , @entity101 , and poor renal function. Age, @entity397 , @entity8 , extent of @entity439 , and dissection retained their significance by multivariate analysis. Variables predictive of @entity16 of the lower extremities included @entity397 , reattachment of intercostal and lumbar arteries, clamp time, dissection, extent and age. @entity397 , reattachment of vessels, dissection, and extent of @entity439 retained significance by multivariate analysis. Thus, the risk of this complication was greatest in @entity1 with extensive lesions (group II) with @entity1580 . The greatest risk of @entity177 after operation that required dialysis was in @entity1 who had @entity8 before operation. Methods employed did not prevent these complications.

title: @entity2334 : preoperative and intraoperative factors determining immediate and long-term results of operations in 605 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity5 in childhood are rare. However, @entity5 in a @entity1 may have an impact on the lung in a number of ways. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be directly toxic to the lung. Young @entity1 are particularly sensitive to the effects of radiotherapy, which can cause impairment of growth of muscle, skin and bone, in addition to its direct toxic effect on the underlying lung. The lung is vulnerable to infection - particularly protozoal, viral and fungal organisms, as well as bacterial. @entity1 undergoing bone marrow transplantation are at greater risk of @entity358 , as they are profoundly immunosuppressed and have received intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The underlying cause of @entity358 may be difficult to determine because of the complexity of treatment and the additional risk of @entity166 . In a small number of @entity1 , @entity358 may be fatal. However, for the many survivors, although @entity358 are frequently detected, these are rarely clinically significant and, with notable exceptions, do not appear to deteriorate with time. However, data remain scanty; there is a real need for ongoing prospective studies of lung function in survivors of childhood @entity5 .

title: XXXX and the lung.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Primary lung tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of lung function', 'pulmonary complications', 'lung damage']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant disease']


abstract: A number of non-pharmacologic interventions have been developed and studied for the treatment of primary @entity22 in adults. Fifty-four non-pharmacological intervention studies published over the last 20 years were reviewed to determine how primary @entity22 was assessed and to characterize @entity1 participating in the studies. The main objectives were to inform clinicians who look to the literature for information on the treatment of @entity22 about selection and diagnosis of @entity1 , and to examine differences between clinic-based and research-based studies. Mean age for all @entity1 was 47 years; 65% were @entity1 . Studies typically used interview procedures to assess @entity1 . The most common exclusion criteria overall was @entity22 secondary to medical illness or @entity146 . Methods for assessing these criteria varied widely across studies. Inclusion most commonly required a 6-month duration of @entity22 , and sleep difficulty at least 3 nights per week. There were significant differences between clinic- and research-based studies in the screening assessments, exclusion criteria, and @entity1 drop-out rate. The heterogeneity in assessment and diagnosis complicates comparison across studies. Some studies were more likely to include severe @entity22 sufferers and/or individuals with secondary @entity22 . Comprehensive assessment and complete reporting of research methods is essential to determining the relative efficacy and clinical utility of interventions. Clinicians should be aware of the differences across studies from research vs. clinical settings. To enhance the generalizability of research-based studies to clinical practice, careful screening and description of study @entity1 is essential. When @entity1 are well-described, research-based studies can be useful and informative to clinicians.

title: Assessment and diagnosis of XXXX in non-pharmacological intervention studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a common condition. Whether an apnoeic @entity1 should be considered for treatment depends on the @entity751 , the rating of the severity and the potential morbidity associated with this condition. We have reviewed several types of evidence that early treatments of @entity27 deserved. There is a natural evolution of @entity27 leading to spontaneous aggravation and an increased @entity65 in untreated @entity1 in clinical populations. @entity25 ( @entity25 ), the key symptom of the disease, can be found with very low apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) and eliminated by adequate treatment. @entity65 are present with very low AHI and there is a high relative risk of developing @entity101 in the future when @entity1 present with mild @entity27 at baseline. The effect of treatment is significant when compared with placebo in the mildest forms of the disease. The clinical benefit, however, is mainly expected in terms of consequences for behavioural morbidity (i.e. reversibility of @entity25 and its related consequences) as the impact on @entity65 is more doubtful and may anyway not be observed on a short-term follow-up. Overall, any @entity27 that is clearly responsible for @entity25 should be considered for treatment. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the cardiovascular risk has to be taken into account when deciding on treatment, even in asymptomatic @entity1 . All this evidence put together suggests early treatment in @entity27 .

title: Should all XXXX @entity1 be treated? Yes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Excessive daytime sleepiness', 'EDS']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA syndrome', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['definition of the syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular risks', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep apnoea']


abstract: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a common condition. Whether an apnoeic @entity1 should be considered for treatment depends on the @entity751 , the rating of the severity and the potential morbidity associated with this condition. We have reviewed several types of evidence that early treatments of @entity27 deserved. There is a natural evolution of @entity27 leading to spontaneous aggravation and an increased @entity65 in untreated @entity1 in clinical populations. @entity25 ( @entity25 ), the key symptom of the disease, can be found with very low apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) and eliminated by adequate treatment. @entity65 are present with very low AHI and there is a high relative risk of developing @entity101 in the future when @entity1 present with mild @entity27 at baseline. The effect of treatment is significant when compared with placebo in the mildest forms of the disease. The clinical benefit, however, is mainly expected in terms of consequences for behavioural morbidity (i.e. reversibility of @entity25 and its related consequences) as the impact on @entity65 is more doubtful and may anyway not be observed on a short-term follow-up. Overall, any @entity27 that is clearly responsible for @entity25 should be considered for treatment. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the cardiovascular risk has to be taken into account when deciding on treatment, even in asymptomatic @entity1 . All this evidence put together suggests early treatment in @entity27 .

title: Should all @entity25 XXXX be treated? Yes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Eighty-four @entity742 weaned at birth were randomised to three groups, each of 28 animals. The amount of @entity1388 contained in the feed was carefully assessed. Two groups were administered with @entity3163 . The dose was calculated so as to administer a quantity of @entity1388 close to the quantity that @entity742 would ingest in consuming alfalfa containing from 125 to 250 ppm @entity1388 . The daily amount of @entity1388 administered to the 1st group rose progressively between week 3 and week 8 from 0.45 to 2 mg/kg/day, then remained fixed until the animals were slaughtered. Group 2 received double amounts: from 0.90 mg/kg/day to 4 mg/kg/day between week 3 and week 8, at which level the amount was fixed. The treatment had no effect on the growth of the @entity742 : at week 17 their average weight was about 29 kg. Plasma levels of ionic @entity2862 rose steadily up to week 9, at which they remained fixed at about 0.40 mg/l in group 1 and 0.75 mg/l in group 2, whereas they ranged between 0.10 and 0.15 mg/l in the controls. Ionic @entity2862 averaged 28% of the total @entity1388 in the controls, 42% in group 1 and 47% in group 2. @entity1388 levels in the bones were very high (up to 2760 ppm in the mandibles in group 2). Reversely, @entity1388 levels in the muscles were very low: 1.00 ppm in group 2. The biochemical paremeters @entity460 , @entity3151 , @entity1760 , transaminases, phosphatases and @entity5428 transferases greatly varied in relation to the age of the animal but were not affected by @entity1388 intake.

title: [Experimental study of fluorosis in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5428 :: ('CHEBI:24190', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride', 'Fluoride']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: Major surface protein 1 (MSP1) of the @entity291 pathogen @entity16451 (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) is a complex of two proteins, MSP1a and MSP1b. Previous studies demonstrated that MSP1a and MSP1b are adhesins for @entity291 erythrocytes, while only MSP1a proved to be an adhesin for tick cells. In this study, a tick cell culture system for propagation of A. marginale was used to develop an infection inhibition assay for testing the ability of antisera to @entity281 of A. marginale for cultured tick cells. A. marginale derived from cell culture was incubated with various antisera prior to inoculation onto cell monolayers. The monolayers were harvested 7 days post-inoculation and A. marginale in the cultures was quantified using an antigen detection ELISA. Antisera tested in the infection inhibition assay were derived from persistently infected @entity291 , from @entity291 immunized with A. marginale purified from @entity291 erythrocytes, and from @entity95 and @entity291 that were immunized with the recombinant MSP1a, MSP1b and MSP1 complex. Antibodies from @entity291 persistently infected with A. marginale, @entity291 immunized with A. marginale from @entity291 erythrocytes or @entity291 immunized with the recombinant MSP1 complex did not inhibit the infectivity of A. marginale for tick cells. Antiserum from @entity95 immunized with MSP1a and MSP1b (individually or combined) reduced @entity281 isolates of A. marginale for tick cells by 25-70%. Likewise, antisera from @entity291 immunized with recombinant MSP1a or MSP1b inhibited infection of tick cells by 26-37%. These results further confirm the role of MSP1 complex proteins in infection of tick cells. Lack of inhibition of infection by antisera from naturally infected @entity291 or @entity291 immunized with whole organisms suggests that the @entity291 immune response is not directed toward blocking infection of A. marginale for tick cells and may contribute to the continued infectivity of the pathogen for ticks.

title: Antibodies to XXXX major surface proteins 1a and 1b inhibit infectivity for cultured tick cells.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['block infection', 'infection of both the Virginia and Oklahoma']

entities_list: @entity16451 :: ('770', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma marginale']

answer: @entity16451 :: (770,Species) :: ['Anaplasma marginale']


abstract: The role of adrenoceptors in the control of parotid salivary function has been investigated in anaesthetized @entity742 . The enhancement of parotid protein output that occurs when the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervations to the gland are stimulated simultaneously in bursts at a low frequency (20 Hz for 1 s at 10-s intervals) was effectively abolished by pretreatment with @entity1169 (> or = 1.0 mg kg(-1), i.v., P < 0.001), without a comparable reduction in the flow of saliva or in the output of @entity1372 or @entity972 . Secretion of protein was similarly augmented by simultaneous stimulation of the sympathetic innervation and an intracarotid infusion of @entity934 (0.4-0.6 microg min(-1) g gland(-1)). This effect was also abolished by pretreatment with @entity1169 . Pretreatment with @entity5521 (>1.0 mg kg(-1), i.v.) had no effect on the output of protein that occurred during combined stimulation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervations but increased the flow of saliva and the output of electrolytes. Stimulation of the parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland caused a substantial fall in vascular resistance, which was reduced by the administration of @entity3897 (0.5 mg kg(-1)). Stimulation of the sympathetic innervation caused a substantial rise in parotid vascular resistance in atropinized @entity742 . This effect was greater during continuous stimulation than during intermittent stimulation and enhanced by pretreatment with @entity1169 . It was virtually eliminated by pretreatment with @entity5521 . It is concluded that the enhancement of protein output from the ovine parotid gland, that occurs during combined stimulation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervations at relatively low frequencies, depends upon interaction between cholinergic muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptors. The vasoconstriction that occurs during sympathetic stimulation alone can be accounted for by activation of alpha-adrenoceptors.

title: Autonomic control of protein production by the parotid gland of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Frequency and diagnostic significance of two @entity2631 -specific antinuclear antibodies were examined in 104 @entity1 with progressive @entity785 (PSS). Antibodies against an antigen in the centromere region of chromosomes (centromere antibodies) were demonstrated by indirect immuno-fluorescence on HEp-2 cells in 18 @entity1 (17%) and antibodies against Scl-70 nucleoprotein (Scl-70 antibodies) by gel precipitation with soluble nuclear extracts (ENA) in 21 @entity1 (20%). In none of the @entity1 did both antibodies occur. In @entity1 with Scl-70 antibodies severe @entity221 was predominant with extensive @entity1463 in 86%, lung involvement in 85% and joint involvement in 89%. Humoral inflammatory signs were marked in this group. @entity1 with centromere antibodies predominantly had acroscleroderma (56%) with subcutaneous @entity730 (83%) and @entity8721 (83%), as known from the @entity4067 . Humoral immune phenomena were rare. With regard to @entity2407 , involvement of the oesophagus, age and the duration of disease, there was no difference between the two groups. On the other hand, in @entity1 with centromere antibodies lung involvement (22%) and joint involvement (35%) was significantly less common (P less than 0.01) than in all other @entity2631 patients. Centromere antibodies and Scl-70 antibodies, which can be demonstrated already in the symptom-poor early phase of PSS, can thus be used as diagnostic parameters for different forms of PSS with differences in the degree of skin and organ involvement.

title: [Centromere antibodies and antibodies against Scl 70 nucleoprotein in progressive XXXX . Diagnostic and prognostic significance].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity4067 :: ('MESH:D017675', 'Disease') :: ['CREST syndrome']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcinosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic scleroderma']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic scleroderma']


abstract: There is important geographic variation in the occurrence of the major @entity3604 across Europe. The aim of this study was to determine whether between-center variation in limb @entity174 rates across Europe could be explained by variation in the incidence of @entity998 . @entity1 and @entity1 , aged 50-79 years, were recruited from population-based registers in 30 European centers. Subjects were followed by postal questionnaire to ascertain the occurrence of incident @entity174 , and were also asked about the occurrence and number of recent @entity998 . Self-reported @entity174 were confirmed, where possible, by review of the radiographs, medical record, or subject interview. The age- and gender-adjusted incidence of @entity998 was calculated by center using Poisson regression. Poisson regression was also used to assess the extent to which between-center differences in the incidence of limb @entity174 could be explained by differences in the age- and gender-adjusted incidence of @entity998 at those centers. In all, 6302 @entity1 (mean age 63.9 years) and 6761 @entity1 (mean age 63.1 years) completed at least one questionnaire concerning @entity174 and @entity998 . During a median follow-up time of 3 years, 3647 @entity998 were reported by @entity1 and 4783 by @entity1 . After adjusting for age and gender, there was evidence of significant between-center differences in the occurrence of @entity998 . There was also between-center variation in the occurrence of @entity3140 , lower limb, and @entity174 . Variation in the age- and gender-adjusted center-specific fall rates explained 24%, 14%, and 6% of the between-center variation in incidence of distal forearm and upper and @entity174 , respectively. Given the constraints inherent in such an analysis, in @entity1 and @entity1 aged 50-79 years, variation in fall rates could explain a significant proportion of the between-center variation in the incidence of limb @entity174 across Europe.

title: Falls explain between-center differences in the incidence of limb XXXX across Europe.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'lower limb fractures', 'distal forearm fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endarterectomy reduces risk of @entity64 in certain @entity1 with recently symptomatic internal @entity543 . However, investigators have made different recommendations about the degree of @entity850 above which surgery is effective, partly because of differences between trials in the methods of measurement of @entity850 . To accurately assess the overall effect of surgery, and to increase power for secondary analyses, we pooled trial data and reassessed carotid angiograms. METHODS: We pooled data from the European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST), North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial, and Veterans Affairs trial 309 from the original electronic data files. Outcome events were re-defined, if necessary, to achieve comparability. Pre-randomisation carotid angiograms from ECST were re-measured by the method used in the other two trials. RESULTS: Risks of main outcomes in both treatment groups and effects of surgery did not differ between trials. Data for 6092 @entity1 , with 35000 @entity1 -years of follow-up, were therefore pooled. Surgery increased the 5-year risk of ipsilateral @entity64 in @entity1 with less than 30% @entity850 (n=1746, absolute risk reduction -2.2%, p=0.05), had no effect in @entity1 with 30-49% @entity850 (1429, 3.2%, p=0.6), was of marginal benefit in those with 50-69% @entity850 (1549, 4.6%, p=0.04), and was highly beneficial in those with 70% @entity850 or greater without near-occlusion (1095, 16.0%, p<0.001). There was a trend towards benefit from surgery in @entity1 with near-occlusion at 2 years' follow-up (262, 5.6%, p=0.19), but no benefit at 5 years (-1.7%, p=0.9). INTERPRETATION: Re-analysis of the trials with the same measurements and definitions yielded highly consistent results. Surgery is of some benefit for @entity1 with 50-69% symptomatic @entity850 , and highly beneficial for those with 70% symptomatic @entity850 or greater but without near-occlusion. Benefit in @entity1 with carotid near-occlusion is marginal in the short-term and uncertain in the long-term.

title: Analysis of pooled data from the randomised controlled trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: We report the neuropathologic examination of a neonatal case of @entity2689 (45,XO). We have found some mild irregularities in the cortical organization, notably in frontal and hippocampal regions. In the frontal @entity550 affected particularly the more superficial layers essentially sparing the migrating process which was largely achieved in its fundamental phases. The hippocampal dentate gyrus appeared abnormally infolded. The cerebellum was hypoplasic and contained three types of abnormalities, at least: abundant paradentate matrix cell nests, a large mass of @entity76 along the ventral wall of the 4th ventricle and, finally, multiple voluminous @entity3664 (possibly, Purkinje cells) in the subcortical white matter. In addition, there were two small olivary @entity3664 . The correct identification of all @entity154 has been possible for having employed the method of whole brain serial sectioning. We have correlated such cortical, cerebellar and truncal abnormalities to those encountered in similar conditions as lissencephaly, @entity10579 and chromosomal trisomies. The pathogenetic mechanisms triggered by the absence of an X chromosome can affect the neuronal migration, but only after the cortical hemispheric one has been almost completely ended. This could explain why cerebellar and olivary neuronal migration are exclusively affected, being there the migration process chronologically slowed down during the normal neurogenesis. There means we might date after the 4th fetal months the neuronal migration trouble. Finally, we would suggest the soft cortical changes in such crucial regions as the frontal and hippocampal cortex to be possibly responsible for the degree of @entity1032 seen in these @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Neuropathology of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathologic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['cortex such anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3664 :: ('MESH:C548481', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopias of macroneurons', 'heterotopias in the medulla oblongata']

entities_list: @entity10579 :: ('MESH:D015211', 'Disease') :: ["Zellweger's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ["Turner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic cerebellar gyri']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner syndrome']


abstract: The spontaneous occurrnce of @entity9663 and @entity3520 movements in face muscles, particularly those of the perioral and mandibular regions, has been named @entity33057 . Other @entity3520 as spasmodic torticollis, @entity1282 , @entity3519 of the limbs may, eventually, be present in the same @entity1 . There is very little knowledge about the pathology of this disease. Many hypotheses concerning the pathophysiology of this entity have been put forward, most of them correlating the clinical response to several drugs with known action on the neurotransmitter system of the brain. There are some evidences that it may exist a dopaminergic preponderance in the disease. In the nigro-striatal pathway, one of the retrograde loops in the feed-back control of @entity935 synthesis by nigral neurons is dependent on @entity1246 . Increasing @entity1246 activity through @entity1246 agonists that cross the blood-brain barrier could result in a decreased dopaminergic action in the nigro-striatal pathway and, thus, ameliorate the @entity3520 which might have been produced by its increased function. We have used @entity1772 , a @entity1246 -agonist drug, to treat five @entity1 with @entity33057 , in a single-blinded trial. These were four females and one male, with age ranging from 50 to 63 years. The drug was started at 20mg/day, being increased by 10mg each three days reaching a maximum dose of 70mg/day. One of the @entity1 showed marked improvement of @entity9663 and @entity3519 and a second @entity1 had a moderate improvement in the same symptoms. Another @entity1 showed moderate @entity3519 , but had no benefit in the facial movements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Treatment of Meige disease with a XXXX receptor agonist].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic', 'dystonic features', 'dystonic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['improvement of limb dystonia', 'spasmodic dysphonia and segmental dystonia', 'orofacial dystonia']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity33057 :: ('MESH:D008539', 'Disease') :: ["Meige's disease"]

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: Numerous clinical trials of chemotherapy for @entity378 conducted throughout the world over the past 4 decades have established 2 basic principles of treatment: effective treatment requires the initial concomitant administration of at least 2 drugs to which the @entity1 's organisms are susceptible; and cure of @entity378 requires that treatment continue beyond the time of sputum conversion and amelioration of symptoms. The treatment of @entity378 was revolutionized in the late 1960s with the introduction of @entity1215 . Shorter regimens of 6-9 months in duration became possible. Scores of trials of short-course chemotherapy have been conducted, and more are planned. The goals of the new treatment regimens are to achieve effective sterilization of the @entity66 in the shortest time possible. A table lists drugs now in use in the US and Canada and gives the usual doses, common side effects, and important interactions among drugs. Chemotherapeutic regimens acceptable for use in the US and Canada are well-defined combinations of drugs which must be regularly administered in the recommended dosages and rhythm for a specific time period. Regimens should be highly effective, i.e., a relapse rate of less than 5%, and have a low risk of toxic effects. Regimens also should be acceptable to @entity1 and applicable on a community-wide basis. The regimens recommended meet these criteria and are backed by well-conducted clinical trails. A 9-month regimen consisting of @entity3109 and @entity1215 throughout, usually supplemented in the initial phase by @entity3110 , @entity3639 , or @entity5585 , is a well-tolerated regimen which will cure virtually all @entity1 with susceptible organisms. The initial daily phase may last 2-8 weeks; the continuation phase may be administered daily or twice weekly. These regimens have an overall bacteriologic relapse rate of between zero and 4%. When 4 drugs -- @entity3109 , @entity1215 , @entity5585 , and either @entity3110 or @entity3639 -- are given under close during supervision during the initial 2 months of daily or "induction" therapy, followed by an additional 4 months of @entity3109 and @entity1215 , the results have been excellent. Where primary resistance to @entity3109 or @entity3639 is suspected, the @entity1 should be placed on 1 of the following 3 regimens: @entity3109 , @entity1215 , and @entity3110 ; @entity3109 , @entity1215 , @entity5585 , and @entity3639 ; or @entity3109 , @entity1215 , @entity5585 , and @entity3110 . Short-course chemotherapy for extrapulmonary @entity378 and chemotherapy of @entity378 in @entity1 are reviewed along with several conditions which affect therapy -- @entity378 during pregnancy, @entity8 , @entity5 and other conditions associated with immunosuppression, and drug interaction.

title: Standard therapy for XXXX 1985.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and hepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the optical coherence tomographic findings in eight eyes of four @entity1 with @entity102 . All @entity1 had a history of sun gazing months to years prior to presentation. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: @entity1 were examined using biomicroscopy performed by two or more experienced vitreoretinal specialists. All eight eyes had optical coherence tomography performed at the time of initial examination. RESULTS: All @entity1 had a history of sun gazing and @entity227 . On biomicroscopy, all eyes had a small, irregularly-shaped lamellar defect in the foveal center. No @entity20699 was present in any eye. Optical coherence tomography revealed a hyporeflective space at the level of the outer neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium in all eyes. CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography demonstrates a characteristic hyporeflective space in the outer retina in @entity1 with @entity102 . These findings correlate with the histopathology of this condition and may be a useful clinical tool in confirming its diagnosis.

title: Optical coherence tomography of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision in both eyes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic solar retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['posterior vitreous detachment']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic solar retinopathy']