abstract: Previous studies have shown that @entity1642 plays a significant role in the outcome of @entity166 , but data related to the effect of stress on periodontal @entity281 is limited. The present study was designed to test the impact of emotional stress on the humoral immune response to the periodontal pathogen @entity2523 in a @entity19 model of @entity32 . Chambers constructed from @entity702 wire were implanted in the subcutaneous dorsolumbar region of @entity19 . All @entity19 were immunized with @entity2523 followed by an intrachamber challenge with the bacteria. One group of @entity19 was used as control, while the other two experienced experimental stress conditions (isolation/restraint stress). Stress-1 group was stressed during the immunization period, while Stress-2 group was stressed during the local challenge period. Chamber exudates and serum were collected and analyzed for levels of anti-P. gingivalis antibodies (IgG, @entity6527 and @entity9749 ). The levels of serum antibodies to @entity2523 were not different between the three tested groups, excluding increased levels of @entity9749 in Stress-1 group at baseline. The levels of antibodies in the chamber exudates were significantly lower in the stressed groups at baseline, but higher at d 7. The @entity6527 to @entity9749 ratio was significantly higher in the control group compared with the two stressed groups. The findings of the present study suggest that chronic @entity1642 had a marked impact on the localized response to @entity2523 challenge. The lower @entity6527 / @entity9749 ratio observed in the stress groups suggests elevated @entity630 response during stress.

title: The effect of chronic emotional stress on the humoral immune response to @entity2523 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity10220 is a @entity1221 , which frequently occurs in the ventricles and rarely in the spinal cord. Most of the @entity1757 are subclinical and thus incidentally encountered at autopsy, whereas the spinal ones are inevitably accompanied by @entity602 and are often diagnosed clinically as @entity424 or @entity816 . Two cases of @entity602 are reported, one of which recurred 9 years after the initial operation. All specimens of both cases showed similar microscopic features. Within a highly fibrillary background, round to ovoid @entity5 cells were unevenly distributed and arranged in cell clusters. Mitoses were rarely encountered. No @entity39 was demonstrated in any of the specimens. Ultrastructural examination demonstrated many slender processes containing abundant intermediate filaments and occasional small lumen-like structures with many microvillous projections and cell junctions. @entity10220 arising in the spinal cord should be distinguished from other more @entity146 , such as diffuse @entity816 and @entity424 . Characteristic microscopic features and the ultrastructural studies support the diagnosis.

title: XXXX of the spinal cord and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive gliomas']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'spinal cord subependymomas']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['tumor of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular subependymomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity10220 :: ('MESH:D018315', 'Disease') :: ['Subependymomas', 'Subependymoma']

answer: @entity10220 :: (MESH:D018315,Disease) :: ['Subependymoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present paper was to review the initial experience of an endovascular aortic stent graft program at a major teaching hospital in Hong Kong. METHODS: Demographics, operative details, complications and follow-up data of all the @entity1 receiving endovascular repair for @entity2333 were recorded prospectively. RESULTS: Between July 1999 and December 2001, endovascular repairs were attempted in 39 @entity1 with @entity2333 . The procedural success rate was 97.4%. Thirty-three procedures were for abdominal aorto-iliac @entity439 . Graft configuration was bifurcated in 28 @entity1 (85%) while an aorto-uni-iliac device with a femoro-femoral bypass was carried out in the remaining five @entity1 . Thoracic procedures were carried out for one thoracic aortic @entity439 , two traumatic thoracic aortic injuries, one @entity1580 , and one thoracic aortic @entity2849 with @entity2009 . There was one hospital mortality (2.6%) from a type A @entity1580 with @entity2293 . @entity260 were seen in seven @entity1 (18%). With a mean follow-up of 11.6 +/- 8.1 months, there was no open conversion or @entity397 . The endoleak rate was 27% at discharge, 15% at 6 months and 5% at 12 months postoperatively. For @entity439 endografts, the @entity439 sac decreased in size in 21 @entity1 (62%), and remained static in 13 @entity1 (38%). CONCLUSIONS: The endoluminal stent graft appears to be a promising device that can be used safely in selected @entity1 with @entity2333 . Continued follow-up is required to monitor the presence of endoleak and the size of the @entity439 sac.

title: Endoluminal stent grafts for XXXX : experience at a major teaching hospital in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2009 :: ('MESH:C537782', 'Disease') :: ['aorto-oesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic diseases']


abstract: A 43-year-old @entity1 , with a chief complaint of @entity490 and a palpable mass in the lower abdomen, was admitted to this hospital. He had 2-3 episodes of @entity294 monthly for several years. Laparotomy revealed the mass resembling @entity242 , invaded the ileum and bladder and also it had disseminated lesions in the other intraabdominal organs. Resected tissues showed actinomycotic abscess. AB-PC was administered post-operatively, with a satisfactory prognosis. On the 71 @entity1 with @entity1661 who underwent laparotomy during the past 32 years in Japan, 42 were males and 28 females. Many of them were in their forties or fifties. Some literatures mention the ileocecal region as the usual site of following perforated @entity698 . As far as this review is concerned, however, the transverse colon was as frequently affected as the ileocecal region and it was only in 13 @entity1 that @entity697 preceded the @entity281 . @entity1661 is not an uncommon disease and should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of the abdominal mass.

title: [A case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal actinomycosis', 'Abdominal actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal actinomycosis']


abstract: @entity19 major urinary proteins (MUPs) are encoded by a family of about 35 to 40 highly conserved genes. In the preceding paper (K. Shahan, M. Gilmartin, and E. Derman, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1938-1946, 1987), we presented the sequences of the most abundant @entity11005 mRNAs in the liver ( @entity11005 I, II, and III) and in the lachrymal ( @entity11005 IV) and submaxillary ( @entity72625 ) glands. We have shown that these five mRNAs are coded by five distinct genes, @entity11005 I through V. In the present communication, we examine the expression of @entity11005 genes in all of the six tissues in which @entity11005 mRNAs are synthesized, the mammary, parotid, @entity409 . We show that gene @entity11005 II is expressed in the liver and in the mammary gland, that gene @entity11005 IV is expressed in the lachrymal and parotid glands, and that gene @entity72625 is expressed in the submaxillary, sublingual, and lachrymal and parotid glands, and that gene @entity72625 is expressed in the submaxillary, sublingual, and lachrymal glands. Furthermore, we present evidence that in addition to genes @entity11005 I through V, another gene, @entity11005 VI, is expressed in BALB/c @entity19 in the parotid gland. The tissue-specific synthesis of @entity11005 mRNAs is thus brought about by two major mechanisms: the expression, in different tissues, of different members of the family and the expression of a single gene at various levels in different tissues. When a particular @entity11005 gene is expressed in several tissues, transcripts of this gene initiate at the same site and are spliced and polyadenylated in the same manner.

title: Expression of six XXXX major urinary protein genes in the mammary, parotid, sublingual, submaxillary, and lachrymal glands and in the liver.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['sublingual, lachrymal, and submaxillary glands and the liver']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Physical exercise is considered to exert a positive effect on health, whereas strenuous or excessive exercise (Exe) causes @entity1295 and damage to muscle and immune functions. The underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. We designed a protocol to mimic Exe and explore the ensuing cellular damage and involvement of mitochondrial dynamics. We found that Exe was prone to decrease endurance capacity and induce @entity8 and the immune system. Muscle atrophy markers @entity18467 and @entity18468 mRNA were increased by Exe, accompanied by increased autophagy and mitochondrial fission in skeletal muscle. Exe caused a decrease in @entity6229 and complex I expression; it also activated JNK and @entity2508 pathways and consequently induced @entity10740 , @entity7504 , and MnSOD expression in skeletal muscle. The involvement of oxidant-induced autophagy and @entity2383 was confirmed in C2C12 myoblasts. @entity36719 (HT), a natural olive @entity3978 , efficiently enhanced endurance capacity and prevented Exe-induced @entity8 . Also, HT treatment inhibited both the Exe-induced increase in autophagy and mitochondrial fission and the decrease in @entity6229 expression. In addition, HT enhanced mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial complex I and II activities in muscle of Exe @entity35 . These results demonstrate that Exe-induced @entity1295 and damage to muscle and immune functions may be mediated via the regulation of mitochondrial dynamic remodeling, including the downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and upregulation of autophagy. HT supplementation may regulate mitochondrial dynamic remodeling and enhance antioxidant defenses and thus improve exercise capacity under Exe conditions.

title: Mitochondrial dynamic remodeling in strenuous exercise-induced muscle and @entity2383 : regulatory effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['damage to renal function', 'renal and immune system damage']

entities_list: @entity36719 :: ('MESH:C005975', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxytyrosol']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity36719 :: (MESH:C005975,Chemical) :: ['hydroxytyrosol']


abstract: Physical exercise is considered to exert a positive effect on health, whereas strenuous or excessive exercise (Exe) causes @entity1295 and damage to muscle and immune functions. The underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. We designed a protocol to mimic Exe and explore the ensuing cellular damage and involvement of mitochondrial dynamics. We found that Exe was prone to decrease endurance capacity and induce @entity8 and the immune system. Muscle atrophy markers @entity18467 and @entity18468 mRNA were increased by Exe, accompanied by increased autophagy and mitochondrial fission in skeletal muscle. Exe caused a decrease in @entity6229 and complex I expression; it also activated JNK and @entity2508 pathways and consequently induced @entity10740 , @entity7504 , and MnSOD expression in skeletal muscle. The involvement of oxidant-induced autophagy and @entity2383 was confirmed in C2C12 myoblasts. @entity36719 (HT), a natural olive @entity3978 , efficiently enhanced endurance capacity and prevented Exe-induced @entity8 . Also, HT treatment inhibited both the Exe-induced increase in autophagy and mitochondrial fission and the decrease in @entity6229 expression. In addition, HT enhanced mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial complex I and II activities in muscle of Exe @entity35 . These results demonstrate that Exe-induced @entity1295 and damage to muscle and immune functions may be mediated via the regulation of mitochondrial dynamic remodeling, including the downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and upregulation of autophagy. HT supplementation may regulate mitochondrial dynamic remodeling and enhance antioxidant defenses and thus improve exercise capacity under Exe conditions.

title: Mitochondrial dynamic remodeling in strenuous exercise-induced muscle and XXXX : regulatory effects of @entity36719 .

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of perfusion MR imaging and angiographic evidence of collateral circulation in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ). METHODS: Cerebral angiography and perfusion MR were performed in 16 @entity1 with symptoms of @entity63 . Qualitative perfusion maps were calculated for regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and mean transit time ( @entity98 ). RESULTS: A total of 27 lesions were seen on the perfusion MR maps (6 @entity1188 and 21 @entity2806 ) and most of them (26/27) showed a prolonged @entity98 . @entity98 is sensitive to the presence of @entity2806 , but not sufficient in distinguishing @entity1188 from @entity63 . All of the @entity1188 showed a decreased rCBV, while most of the @entity2806 showed a normal or increased rCBV. When collateral circulation was identified on angiography, most @entity2806 were not @entity1188 and had a normal or increased rCBV. The absence of angiographically identifiable cerebral collaterals may not always result in an @entity1188 ; 50% had decreased rCBV. Despite the absence of angiographic collaterals, the other half had normal or increased rCBV. CONCLUSION: Cerebral angiographic evidence of collateral circulation is important in identifying a favorable outcome in @entity1 with @entity63 . However, a lesion with a normal or increased rCBV suggests a sufficient collateral circulation even without angiographic collaterals. Perfusion images may be a potentially useful adjunctive tool in the prediction of the outcome of @entity63 , particularly where no apparent collateral macrocirculation is seen on CA.

title: Cerebral angiography and MR perfusion images in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular diseases', 'ICVD', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['ischemic cerebral vascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of perfusion MR imaging and angiographic evidence of collateral circulation in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ). METHODS: Cerebral angiography and perfusion MR were performed in 16 @entity1 with symptoms of @entity63 . Qualitative perfusion maps were calculated for regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and mean transit time ( @entity98 ). RESULTS: A total of 27 lesions were seen on the perfusion MR maps (6 @entity1188 and 21 @entity2806 ) and most of them (26/27) showed a prolonged @entity98 . @entity98 is sensitive to the presence of @entity2806 , but not sufficient in distinguishing @entity1188 from @entity63 . All of the @entity1188 showed a decreased rCBV, while most of the @entity2806 showed a normal or increased rCBV. When collateral circulation was identified on angiography, most @entity2806 were not @entity1188 and had a normal or increased rCBV. The absence of angiographically identifiable cerebral collaterals may not always result in an @entity1188 ; 50% had decreased rCBV. Despite the absence of angiographic collaterals, the other half had normal or increased rCBV. CONCLUSION: Cerebral angiographic evidence of collateral circulation is important in identifying a favorable outcome in @entity1 with @entity63 . However, a lesion with a normal or increased rCBV suggests a sufficient collateral circulation even without angiographic collaterals. Perfusion images may be a potentially useful adjunctive tool in the prediction of the outcome of @entity63 , particularly where no apparent collateral macrocirculation is seen on CA.

title: Cerebral angiography and MR perfusion images in XXXX with @entity2806 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CT-guided stereotactic brachytherapy has been performed for the deep-seated @entity11 using the double-catheter after-loading method. The catheter system consists of two coaxial @entity691 tubes with closed @entity3455 . The outer catheter is 3.0 mm in outer diameter and 2.4 mm in inner diameter. The inner catheter is 2.0 mm in outside diameter and 1.4 mm in inside diameter, and contains the radioactive sources. Localization of the target volume is determined by the preoperative findings of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cerebral angiography. Dosimetry and dose planning are so finalized for the target volume as to be irradiated interstitially more than tumoricidal dose. After stereotactic biopsy of the deep-seated @entity1313 , stereotactic implantation of the outer catheters is performed using Iseki Stereotactic System in the CT room. Burr holes had been previously opened in the operating room. The inner catheters containing nonradioactive sources (dummy sources) are inserted, and skull X-p is taken to confirm the position of the dummy sources, and to calculate the dosimetry by computer. The inner catheters are replaced with catheters containing radioactive sources (226Ra) in the irradiation room. 226Ra sources deliver at least 500 rads/day (approximately 20 rads/hr) to the target volume as interstitial irradiation. Two @entity1 of @entity11 treated with this procedure were shown as representative cases. These @entity1 underwent CT-guided stereotactic brachytherapy as "boost" combined with conventional external irradiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [CT-guided stereotactic brachytherapy in deep-seated XXXX --interstitial irradiation by double-catheter after-loading method].

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differentiation potential of @entity35 adipose tissue-derived cells (ADSCs) into neuron-like cells in vitro using a two-step induction protocol. METHODS: ADSCs isolated from the epididymal fat pads in male SD @entity35 by means of differential attachment were cultured in vitro and subjected to adipogenic induction. After flow cytometric identification of the cell surface antigens CD106, @entity19465 , @entity1008 , CD49d, @entity18715 and CD29, the third-passage ADSCs were induced to transdifferentiate into neural stem cell (NSC)-like cells in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10 ng/ml @entity664 ( @entity664 ), 20 ng/ml @entity8160 . The resultant NSC-like cells were then induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells in the neurobasal medium containing 10 ng/ml @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ), 10 ng/ml @entity10157 ( @entity10157 ) and 1   mol/L @entity1968 (RA). Immunocytochemistry was employed to identify the expression of the cell surface markers nestin, @entity19744 and @entity2141 . RESULTS: The isolated ADSCs were positive for @entity18715 and CD29, and oil red O staining of the induced adipose-like cells yielded positive results. The third-passage ADSCs induced for 7 days aggregated as floating cell spheres positive for NSC surface antigen nestin. Further induction in neurobasal medium for 4 h resulted in adhesion of the cell spheres and the formation of cell processes extending from some peripheral cells, suggesting a morphological resemblance to neurons. Most of the cells showed positivity for @entity19744 and @entity2141 . CONCLUSION: ADSCs can be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro under appropriate conditions.

title: [A two-step protocol for induction of XXXX adipose tissue-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells].

entities_list: @entity8160 :: ('25313(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 2% B27']

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity10157 :: ('25453(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GDNF', 'glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation still requires long procedural time and high radiation exposure with its related risk for the @entity1 and the operators. This study was designed to compare three different approaches of @entity955 ablation to verify the hypothesis that image integration with electroanatomic mapping allows minimal use of fluoroscopy. Therefore, we evaluated the procedure and fluoroscopy times of ablation using three imaging modalities: conventional fluoroscopy, image integration electroanatomic mapping, and a new electroanatomic mapping system that provides visualization of multiple catheters. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and twenty @entity1 with symptomatic refractory @entity955 were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to fluoroscopy alone (Group A, 40 @entity1 ), electroanatomic integration (Cartomerge  , Group B, 40 @entity1 ), and electroanatomic integration plus catheters visualization (Carto   3 System, Group C, 40 @entity1 ) guided procedures. The ablation procedure aimed at isolating the pulmonary veins and creating lesion lines at the left atrial roof and left isthmus. Procedure and fluoroscopy parameters were recorded in all @entity1 . Total procedure time and skin to catheter positioning time did not significantly differ between the groups. Total fluoroscopy time was statistically different between all three groups (Group A, 18'09     5'00   ; Group B, 9'48     3'41   ; Group C, 2'28     1'40   ; P<0.001). A significant difference was noted in ablation fluoroscopy time between all groups (P<0.001), mainly due to shortened fluoroscopy time in Group B (7'34     3'15   ) and Group C (0'21     0'31   ) when compared with Group A (16'07     5'04   ). CONCLUSION: Image integration and, to a larger extent, visualization of multiple catheters allowed a minimal use of fluoroscopy in transcatheter @entity955 ablation.

title: Visualization of multiple catheters with electroanatomical mapping reduces X-ray exposure during XXXX ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: There is a general trend worldwide of an increasing incidence of elderly population. Age is the greatest risk factor for @entity5 ; therefore, this demographic shift is the main reason for an increase of @entity5 incidence. @entity2 is a typical disease of the elderly @entity1 . This review summarizes the issues of treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) in the elderly. Early stage @entity1149 is usually treated with radical surgery, locally advanced @entity1149 with radiotherapy (RT) and/or @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) and @entity3 with @entity7730 , but the evidence for these approaches is based on studies which are usually performed with highly selected @entity1 while elderly @entity1 are under-represented. We used the data from studies addressing particularly elderly or providing subgroup information on age to analyse the feasibility of current standard approaches for elderly and discuss alternative approaches. Surgery is an effective method in elderly @entity1 with early stage @entity1149 although some approaches bear a somewhat higher risk of operative morbidity and mortality. RT for early stage may be an alternative with curative potential. For locally advanced stage RT alone, or combined radiochemotherapy in selected cases, is feasible for elderly @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 when a careful assessment of pre-therapeutic status is made and appropriate drugs are selected. Advanced age alone also should not preclude @entity7730 , although the risk of adverse effect may be higher in certain cases. New generation drugs seem to be particularly feasible and efficient in elderly @entity1 . In general, age itself does not seem to preclude @entity1 from standard treatments although in some cases co-morbidity forces to alternative approaches. Currently, single-agent @entity7730 should be considered as the standard treatment of advanced @entity1149 elderly @entity1 .

title: Treatment of @entity2 in the elderly. Part I: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CHT', 'chemotherapy']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: There is a general trend worldwide of an increasing incidence of elderly population. Age is the greatest risk factor for @entity5 ; therefore, this demographic shift is the main reason for an increase of @entity5 incidence. @entity2 is a typical disease of the elderly @entity1 . This review summarizes the issues of treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) in the elderly. Early stage @entity1149 is usually treated with radical surgery, locally advanced @entity1149 with radiotherapy (RT) and/or @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) and @entity3 with @entity7730 , but the evidence for these approaches is based on studies which are usually performed with highly selected @entity1 while elderly @entity1 are under-represented. We used the data from studies addressing particularly elderly or providing subgroup information on age to analyse the feasibility of current standard approaches for elderly and discuss alternative approaches. Surgery is an effective method in elderly @entity1 with early stage @entity1149 although some approaches bear a somewhat higher risk of operative morbidity and mortality. RT for early stage may be an alternative with curative potential. For locally advanced stage RT alone, or combined radiochemotherapy in selected cases, is feasible for elderly @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 when a careful assessment of pre-therapeutic status is made and appropriate drugs are selected. Advanced age alone also should not preclude @entity7730 , although the risk of adverse effect may be higher in certain cases. New generation drugs seem to be particularly feasible and efficient in elderly @entity1 . In general, age itself does not seem to preclude @entity1 from standard treatments although in some cases co-morbidity forces to alternative approaches. Currently, single-agent @entity7730 should be considered as the standard treatment of advanced @entity1149 elderly @entity1 .

title: Treatment of XXXX in the elderly. Part I: @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Purpose. Decline in confrontation naming ability occurs in a subset of @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) @entity1 following left (dominant) anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL). @entity1 with late age of onset of @entity410 are most vulnerable to such decline. In addition, object names typically acquired later in language development are the words most likely to be inaccessible after ATL. Early-onset left @entity1315 @entity1 may be at lower risk for post-ATL @entity5547 either because they have a limited preoperative lexicon that does not include most late-age-of-acquistion names or they undergo early ipsilateral language reorganization, which results in a lexicon similar to that of late-onset @entity1315 @entity1 but offers protection from post-ATL naming decline.Methods. Sixty-five left hemisphere speech dominant left @entity1315 @entity1 who had undergone ATL were assessed pre- and postoperatively on the Boston Naming Test (BNT).Results. The early- and late-onset groups performed similarly across three BNT age-of-acquisition categories at the preoperative assessment. Words acquired relatively later in life were most likely to become inaccessible postoperatively for both groups, but the early-onset @entity1 showed significantly less overall postoperative decline in naming ability compared with the late-onset group.Conclusions. The more stable pre- to postoperative naming performance exhibited by early-onset @entity1 cannot be attributed to lack of acquisition of the words shown to be most vulnerable to postoperative decline (i.e., late-age-of-acquisition words). Their object naming stability suggests that early-onset left @entity1315 @entity1 undergo intrahemispheric reorganization of language early in life that provides protective benefits.

title: Ipsilateral Reorganization of Language in Early-Onset Left XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['Temporal Lobe Epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of Cimicifuga racemosa (CR @entity35922 ) on hot flushes caused by @entity440 adjuvant therapy in young @entity0 survivors. This treatment presents an off-label use of CR @entity35922 . METHODS: Between May 1999 and December 2001, we accrued 136 @entity0 survivors aged 35-52 years. After treatment with segmental or total mastectomy, radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, @entity1 were in open-label randomly assigned (1-2) to receive @entity440 20 mg per day orally (usual-care group; n=46) or @entity440 (same dose and posology) plus CR @entity35922 (Menofem/Klimadynon, corresponding to 20 mg of herbal drug; intervention group n=90). Duration of treatment was 5 years for @entity440 , according to international standards for adjuvant therapies, and 12 months for CR @entity35922 . Follow-up included clinical assessment every 2 months; the primary endpoint was to record the number and intensity of hot flushes. RESULTS: Comparing @entity1 assigned to usual-care group with those assigned to intervention group, the number and severity of hot flushes were reduced after intervention. Almost half of the @entity1 of the intervention group were free of hot flushes, while severe hot flushes were reported by 24.4% of @entity1 of intervention group and 73.9% of the usual-care group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Hot flushes were the most frequent adverse reaction to @entity440 adjuvant therapy in @entity0 survivors. The combined administration of @entity440 plus CR @entity35922 for a period of 12 months allowed satisfactory reduction in the number and severity of hot flushes.

title: Cimicifuga racemosa for the treatment of hot flushes in @entity1 surviving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'premenopausal breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of Cimicifuga racemosa (CR @entity35922 ) on hot flushes caused by @entity440 adjuvant therapy in young @entity0 survivors. This treatment presents an off-label use of CR @entity35922 . METHODS: Between May 1999 and December 2001, we accrued 136 @entity0 survivors aged 35-52 years. After treatment with segmental or total mastectomy, radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy, @entity1 were in open-label randomly assigned (1-2) to receive @entity440 20 mg per day orally (usual-care group; n=46) or @entity440 (same dose and posology) plus CR @entity35922 (Menofem/Klimadynon, corresponding to 20 mg of herbal drug; intervention group n=90). Duration of treatment was 5 years for @entity440 , according to international standards for adjuvant therapies, and 12 months for CR @entity35922 . Follow-up included clinical assessment every 2 months; the primary endpoint was to record the number and intensity of hot flushes. RESULTS: Comparing @entity1 assigned to usual-care group with those assigned to intervention group, the number and severity of hot flushes were reduced after intervention. Almost half of the @entity1 of the intervention group were free of hot flushes, while severe hot flushes were reported by 24.4% of @entity1 of intervention group and 73.9% of the usual-care group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Hot flushes were the most frequent adverse reaction to @entity440 adjuvant therapy in @entity0 survivors. The combined administration of @entity440 plus CR @entity35922 for a period of 12 months allowed satisfactory reduction in the number and severity of hot flushes.

title: Cimicifuga racemosa for the treatment of hot flushes in XXXX surviving @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A capillary zone electrophoresis assay for the analysis of @entity9213 has been developed and validated. The influence of buffer concentration, buffer pH, @entity1042 as organic modifier, capillary temperature, applied voltage and injection time was systemically investigated in a fused @entity3440 capillary (i.d. 50 microm, total length 44 cm and effective length 35.5 cm). Optimum results were obtained with a 100 mM borate buffer (pH 8.5) containing 5% @entity1042 , capillary temperature 25 degrees C, applied voltage 20 kV and injection time 3 s hydrodynamic injection. The detection wavelength was set to 205 nm. @entity1622 was used as internal standard. The method showed good selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity and sensitivity according to the evaluation of the validation parameters. The method was applied to the determination of six pharmaceutical preparations including two dosage forms. The relative standard deviation of 7 replicate analyses for each sample was less than 0.66%. The results were compared with a spectrophotometric method reported in literature and no significant difference was found statistically.

title: Method development and validation for the analysis of XXXX in tablets by CZE.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam']

entities_list: @entity1622 :: ('MESH:D004061', 'Chemical') :: ['Diflunisal']

answer: @entity9213 :: (MESH:C065757,Chemical) :: ['meloxicam']


abstract: We have suggested that red blood cell proteolytic systems can degrade oxidatively damaged proteins, and that both damage and degradation are independent of lipid peroxidation (Davies, K. J. A., and Goldberg, A. L. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 8220-8226. These ideas have now been tested in cell-free extracts of @entity95 erythrocytes and reticulocytes. Exposure to @entity26 radicals or @entity274 increases the degradation of endogenous proteins in cell-free extracts, as in intact cells. Various radical-generating systems ( @entity3094 or @entity3624 + @entity3624 oxidase, @entity620 + @entity68 , @entity274 + @entity68 ) and @entity274 alone enhanced the rates of proteolysis severalfold. Since these extracts were free of membrane lipids, @entity16 and degradation must be independent of lipid peroxidation. An antioxidant buffer consisting of @entity7482 , @entity653 , and @entity3902 inhibited the increased proteolysis by 60-100%. @entity2656 caused a 50-80% reduction in proteolysis suggesting that the @entity3787 radical (. @entity2145 ), or a species with similar reactivity, may be the initiator of @entity16 . When casein or bovine serum albumin were exposed to . @entity2145 (generated by @entity274 + @entity8798 , or COCo radiation) these proteins were degraded up to 50 times faster than untreated proteins during subsequent incubations with red cell extracts. @entity2656 inhibited this increase in proteolysis only if present during . @entity2145 exposure; @entity2656 did not affect the degradative system. Although @entity855 increased the degradation of untreated proteins 4- to 6-fold in reticulocyte extracts, it had little or no effect on the degradation of proteins exposed to . @entity2145 . @entity855 also did not stimulate hydrolysis of @entity2145 -treated proteins in erythrocyte extracts. Leupeptin did not affect the degradative processes in either extract; thus lysosomal or @entity141 -activated @entity1432 proteases were not involved. We propose that red cells contain a soluble, @entity855 -independent proteolytic pathway which may protect against the accumulation of proteins damaged by . @entity2145 or other active @entity26 species.

title: Proteins damaged by XXXX radicals are rapidly degraded in extracts of red blood cells.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['Mannitol', 'mannitol']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['protein damage']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prenatal smoke exposure is associated with airway @entity32 and @entity565 in @entity1 . It also increases the risk of low birth weight (LBW). LBW is associated with @entity6314 independently of smoking. OBJECTIVE: To study the independent and joint effects of prenatal smoking and LBW on childhood @entity565 . METHODS: In 1996, all @entity1 aged 7 to 8 years in 3 cities in northern Sweden were invited to an International Study of Asthma and @entity566 in Childhood questionnaire survey. This study focused on the follow-up of @entity1 aged 11 to 12 years, in which 3389 @entity1 (96%) participated. A subset of 2121 @entity1 underwent skin-prick testing. Self-reported physician-diagnosed @entity565 has been clinically validated. RESULTS: Mean birth weight was 3360 g in @entity1 exposed to prenatal smoking and 3571 g in nonexposed @entity1 (P < .001). The association of prenatal smoking with physician-diagnosed @entity565 was stronger in LBW @entity1 (risk ratio: 8.8 [95% confidence interval: 2.1-38]) than in normal birth weight @entity1 (risk ratio: 1.3 [95% confidence interval: 1.0-1.8]). LBW alone was not an independent predictor of @entity565 . These associations were similar in multivariate analysis, and the interaction term LBW   smoking was highly statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong interaction of LBW and prenatal-smoking on the risk of physician-diagnosed @entity565 , which has not been demonstrated previously. This was consistently seen with adjustment for known risk factors, including allergic sensitization. Plausibly, airway @entity32 from prenatal smoke exposure induces obstructive symptoms more easily in the underdeveloped airways of LBW @entity1 .

title: A strong synergism of low birth weight and prenatal smoking on XXXX in schoolchildren.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['decreased lung function']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Responses to influenza vaccines are poorly characterized in immunocompromised @entity1 . The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of the AS03-adjuvanted influenza H1N1/A/09 vaccine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. DESIGN AND METHODS: We enrolled 65 @entity1 and 138 controls in an open prospective study. Controls received one dose and @entity1 2 doses of the AS03-adjuvanted influenza H1N1/A/09 vaccine at a 3-week interval. Geometric mean titers and seroprotection/seroconversion rates were determined by hemagglutination inhibition before and four weeks after the last immunization. Clinical and biological markers, including immunoglobulins, CD3+, @entity404 +, @entity405 + and na  ve @entity404 + T-cell counts were assessed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Baseline seroprotection rates were low in @entity1 (6.6%) and controls (14.8%). After 2 doses, @entity1 (n=57, 92.3%) achieved similar seroprotection rates (84% vs. 87%, P=0.65) and antibody titers (305 vs. 340, P=0.88) as controls (n=131, 93.9%) after one dose. In univariate analysis, transplant-to-vaccination interval less than 12 months, active @entity2132 , immunosuppressive drugs, hemoglobin less than 12 g/L, @entity2905 less than 1 G/L, IgG less than 4 g/L, IgA less than 0.5 g/L, IgM less than 0.5 g/L and naive @entity404 + T cells less than 150/ L were significantly associated with weaker responses. Multivariate analysis identified transplant-to-vaccination interval and active @entity2132 as the most powerful negative predictors of antibody responses (P=0.04 and P=0.002, respectively). Vaccination was well tolerated in both cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2 doses of an adjuvanted influenza vaccine elicited comparable responses to a single dose in healthy individuals. However, vaccine responses remained poor in @entity1 with ongoing @entity2132 , supporting the need for additional strategies in this high-risk @entity1 population. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01022905).

title: XXXX is the major determinant of humoral responses to the AS03-adjuvanted influenza A/09/H1N1 vaccine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['Graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: Old generation H1-type antihistamines are the standard therapeutic option for @entity829 ( @entity829 ), but adverse effects are common. New antihistamines are well tolerated but efficacy is often poor. The present study aims to evaluate efficacy and safety of @entity11358 in the treatment of @entity829 @entity1 intolerant to old antihistamines and resistant to new drugs. We studied 14 @entity1 (4 males and 10 females). Mean duration of the disease was 48.9 (range 7-102) months. Cold cube test was positive in 78.6 % of @entity1 . Cold @entity110 was idiopathic in 10 (71.4 %) @entity1 . Cryoglobulins were detected in the serum of 4 cases (28.6 %). @entity11358 (25 mg t.i.d.) was administered for 3 months, and then it was gently tapered off and stopped within 2 months. A complete or good response was obtained in 8 (57.1 %) and 2 (14.3 %) @entity1 , respectively. Only two @entity1 were unresponsive (21.4 %). Tapering off or stopping @entity11358 was followed by the relapse of cold @entity110 in 7 cases (50.0 %). These @entity1 were amenable to a second treatment cycle. Six @entity1 (42.9 %) had a persistent remission. A @entity1 interrupted the therapy because of severe vertigo. Three @entity1 reported mild and transitory adverse effects including epigastralgia, @entity1017 and drowsiness. In conclusion, @entity11358 at high doses may be considered as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for @entity829 .

title: XXXX is a useful and well-tolerated drug in the treatment of @entity829 ( @entity829 ).

entities_list: @entity11358 :: ('MESH:D002936', 'Chemical') :: ['cinnarizine', 'Cinnarizine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity829 :: ('MESH:D056587', 'Disease') :: ['ACU', 'acquired cold urticaria']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity11358 :: (MESH:D002936,Chemical) :: ['Cinnarizine']


abstract: Old generation H1-type antihistamines are the standard therapeutic option for @entity829 ( @entity829 ), but adverse effects are common. New antihistamines are well tolerated but efficacy is often poor. The present study aims to evaluate efficacy and safety of @entity11358 in the treatment of @entity829 @entity1 intolerant to old antihistamines and resistant to new drugs. We studied 14 @entity1 (4 males and 10 females). Mean duration of the disease was 48.9 (range 7-102) months. Cold cube test was positive in 78.6 % of @entity1 . Cold @entity110 was idiopathic in 10 (71.4 %) @entity1 . Cryoglobulins were detected in the serum of 4 cases (28.6 %). @entity11358 (25 mg t.i.d.) was administered for 3 months, and then it was gently tapered off and stopped within 2 months. A complete or good response was obtained in 8 (57.1 %) and 2 (14.3 %) @entity1 , respectively. Only two @entity1 were unresponsive (21.4 %). Tapering off or stopping @entity11358 was followed by the relapse of cold @entity110 in 7 cases (50.0 %). These @entity1 were amenable to a second treatment cycle. Six @entity1 (42.9 %) had a persistent remission. A @entity1 interrupted the therapy because of severe vertigo. Three @entity1 reported mild and transitory adverse effects including epigastralgia, @entity1017 and drowsiness. In conclusion, @entity11358 at high doses may be considered as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for @entity829 .

title: @entity11358 is a useful and well-tolerated drug in the treatment of XXXX ( @entity829 ).

answer: @entity829 :: (MESH:D056587,Disease) :: ['acquired cold urticaria']


abstract: Old generation H1-type antihistamines are the standard therapeutic option for @entity829 ( @entity829 ), but adverse effects are common. New antihistamines are well tolerated but efficacy is often poor. The present study aims to evaluate efficacy and safety of @entity11358 in the treatment of @entity829 @entity1 intolerant to old antihistamines and resistant to new drugs. We studied 14 @entity1 (4 males and 10 females). Mean duration of the disease was 48.9 (range 7-102) months. Cold cube test was positive in 78.6 % of @entity1 . Cold @entity110 was idiopathic in 10 (71.4 %) @entity1 . Cryoglobulins were detected in the serum of 4 cases (28.6 %). @entity11358 (25 mg t.i.d.) was administered for 3 months, and then it was gently tapered off and stopped within 2 months. A complete or good response was obtained in 8 (57.1 %) and 2 (14.3 %) @entity1 , respectively. Only two @entity1 were unresponsive (21.4 %). Tapering off or stopping @entity11358 was followed by the relapse of cold @entity110 in 7 cases (50.0 %). These @entity1 were amenable to a second treatment cycle. Six @entity1 (42.9 %) had a persistent remission. A @entity1 interrupted the therapy because of severe vertigo. Three @entity1 reported mild and transitory adverse effects including epigastralgia, @entity1017 and drowsiness. In conclusion, @entity11358 at high doses may be considered as an effective and well-tolerated treatment for @entity829 .

title: @entity11358 is a useful and well-tolerated drug in the treatment of @entity829 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity829 :: (MESH:D056587,Disease) :: ['ACU']


abstract: The PI3K pathway and its regulation of @entity1 target of @entity3446 complex 1 ( @entity13407 ) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) play pivotal roles in controlling @entity32 . In this article, we show that @entity13407 and @entity9459 converge and that the capacity of @entity13407 to affect the inflammatory response is due to the inactivation of @entity9459 . Inhibition of @entity13407 attenuated GSK3 phosphorylation and increased its kinase activity. Immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that @entity9459 associated with a downstream target of @entity13407 , p85S6K, and phosphorylated @entity9459 . Inhibition of @entity15080 abrogated the phosphorylation of @entity9459 while increasing and decreasing the levels of IL-12 and @entity688 , respectively, in @entity558 -stimulated monocytes. In contrast, the direct inhibition of GSK3 attenuated the capacity of @entity15080 inhibition to influence the levels of @entity688 and IL-12 produced by @entity558 -stimulated cells. At the transcriptional level, @entity13407 inhibition reduced the DNA binding of @entity10366 and this effect was reversed by GSK3 inhibition. As a result, @entity13407 inhibition increased the levels of NF-kB @entity9135 associated with @entity16221 . Inhibition of NF-kB @entity9135 attenuated @entity3446 's ability to influence the levels of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine production in monocytes stimulated with @entity558 . These studies identify the molecular mechanism by which @entity13407 affects GSK3 and show that @entity13407 inhibition regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production via its capacity to inactivate GSK3.

title: Convergence of the @entity1 target of XXXX complex 1- and glycogen synthase kinase 3-b-signaling pathways regulates the innate inflammatory response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity16221 :: ('1387', 'Gene') :: ['CREB-binding protein']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: The PI3K pathway and its regulation of @entity1 target of @entity3446 complex 1 ( @entity13407 ) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) play pivotal roles in controlling @entity32 . In this article, we show that @entity13407 and @entity9459 converge and that the capacity of @entity13407 to affect the inflammatory response is due to the inactivation of @entity9459 . Inhibition of @entity13407 attenuated GSK3 phosphorylation and increased its kinase activity. Immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays demonstrated that @entity9459 associated with a downstream target of @entity13407 , p85S6K, and phosphorylated @entity9459 . Inhibition of @entity15080 abrogated the phosphorylation of @entity9459 while increasing and decreasing the levels of IL-12 and @entity688 , respectively, in @entity558 -stimulated monocytes. In contrast, the direct inhibition of GSK3 attenuated the capacity of @entity15080 inhibition to influence the levels of @entity688 and IL-12 produced by @entity558 -stimulated cells. At the transcriptional level, @entity13407 inhibition reduced the DNA binding of @entity10366 and this effect was reversed by GSK3 inhibition. As a result, @entity13407 inhibition increased the levels of NF-kB @entity9135 associated with @entity16221 . Inhibition of NF-kB @entity9135 attenuated @entity3446 's ability to influence the levels of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine production in monocytes stimulated with @entity558 . These studies identify the molecular mechanism by which @entity13407 affects GSK3 and show that @entity13407 inhibition regulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production via its capacity to inactivate GSK3.

title: Convergence of the XXXX target of @entity3446 complex 1- and glycogen synthase kinase 3-b-signaling pathways regulates the innate inflammatory response.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Having considered their 13 cases of @entity1725 where @entity3558 is found in the peritoneum, the authors reviewed 420 cases abstracted from the literature. It is a rare condition (2 out of every 10,000 laparotomies) and is three times more common in @entity1 than in @entity1 . the mean age is 53 years. The spontaneous evolution of the condition before the diagnosis is made is about 21 months, as the aetiology and histology may be confusing. Diagnosis is made easier by paracentesis, but ultrasound and now tomodensitometry, are very helpful. It is interesting that in 5 out of the 13 cases there was a rise in carcino-embryonic antigen (C.E.A.) both in the gelatinous material and in the serum. Five cases out of the 5 appendix @entity5 or @entity5 of the ovary which were benign showed this feature. The level of C.E.A. in the serum was weak (50-150 ng/ml) when the quantity of gelatinous material was large (48,000-70,000 ng/ml). In one case a step-ladder rise in C.E.A. corresponded to clinical changes. Finally, the proof that C.E.A. was secreted by the cells of a cyst @entity652 could have been brought about by the phenomenon of immuno-competition. The following therapeutic measures are proposed: first surgery and then the use of proteolytic enzymes with, in benign lesions, estimations of C.E.A. and tomodensitometry. This last examination makes it possible, in cases of recurrences, to separate the "young" forms which can still be sensitive to enzyme treatment, from the "old" forms which are resistant to such treatment and may be respond better to chemotherapy.

title: [ XXXX in females. 13 personal cases. Practical deductions from a review of 420 cases in the literature].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma of the ovary']

answer: @entity1725 :: (MESH:D011553,Disease) :: ['Pseudomyxoma peritonei']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is mounting evidence for the contribution of @entity2204 to the pathophysiology of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Studies also indicate that plasma @entity2204 levels may reflect disease status, suggesting that @entity2204 is a potential @entity195 biomarker. However, while some studies of @entity2204 levels in plasma have presented correlations with @entity195 pathology, others have not. Thus, there is a lack of consensus as to the suitability of plasma @entity2204 as an @entity195 biomarker. The major objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate total plasma @entity2204 as well as levels of the @entity2204 form in a large, highly characterized cohort which included both healthy controls and @entity1 with early-stage @entity195 . METHODS: Total @entity2204 and @entity2204 were measured in 1,079 individuals drawn from the highly characterized Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study. Total and isoform-specific plasma @entity2204 levels were then compared with cerebral Ab load, as assessed by PET using Pittsburgh compound B ( @entity7659 ). RESULTS: Total @entity2204 and @entity2204 levels were found to be significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity195 in the entire cohort, and decrease with Ab load in the @entity7659 -PET subset. @entity2204 levels were significantly lower among   4 homozygous individuals. In @entity2204 /  4 heterozygote carriers, @entity2204 levels decrease, indicating that @entity2204 levels increase with disease. CONCLUSION: Analysis of cross-sectional data from the AIBL study indicates that plasma @entity2204 levels are altered in @entity195 and correlate with @entity195 pathology level. The significance of these findings will be determined in the AIBL longitudinal study of aging.

title: Plasma apolipoprotein E and XXXX risk: the AIBL study of aging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: Surfactant proteins (SPs) play an important role in surfactant metabolism and function. Understanding their relative contribution to clinical outcome remains incomplete. Exogenous surfactants differ in their SP content and physiologic effects. The aims of this study were to measure bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) SP concentrations from preterm @entity1 ventilated for @entity649 and to assess their association with clinical outcome. Fifty preterm @entity1 randomized to receive a natural or synthetic surfactant were lavaged each day for the first week and twice weekly thereafter using a standardized nonbronchoscopic technique. BAL @entity3231 , @entity25097 , and @entity9914 concentrations were measured using ELISA. Median BAL @entity3231 , @entity25097 , and @entity9914 concentrations for the whole cohort rose significantly during the first postnatal week (p < 0.05). @entity3231 concentration did not differ between outcome groups. BAL @entity25097 concentration rose significantly in lungs that were not supplemented with @entity25097 . @entity1 dying had significantly lower BAL @entity25097 concentrations on d 2 and 6 compared with survivors. BAL @entity9914 concentrations were significantly lower on d 2 and 3 among @entity1 in supplemental @entity26 on d 28 compared with those in air. BAL @entity3231 and @entity9914 concentrations did not differ significantly between @entity1 randomized to receive a natural or synthetic surfactant. Lower BAL @entity25097 and @entity9914 but not @entity3231 concentrations were associated with worse clinical prognosis.

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage surfactant protein a, B, and d concentrations in preterm @entity1 ventilated for XXXX receiving natural and synthetic surfactants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: Surfactant proteins (SPs) play an important role in surfactant metabolism and function. Understanding their relative contribution to clinical outcome remains incomplete. Exogenous surfactants differ in their SP content and physiologic effects. The aims of this study were to measure bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) SP concentrations from preterm @entity1 ventilated for @entity649 and to assess their association with clinical outcome. Fifty preterm @entity1 randomized to receive a natural or synthetic surfactant were lavaged each day for the first week and twice weekly thereafter using a standardized nonbronchoscopic technique. BAL @entity3231 , @entity25097 , and @entity9914 concentrations were measured using ELISA. Median BAL @entity3231 , @entity25097 , and @entity9914 concentrations for the whole cohort rose significantly during the first postnatal week (p < 0.05). @entity3231 concentration did not differ between outcome groups. BAL @entity25097 concentration rose significantly in lungs that were not supplemented with @entity25097 . @entity1 dying had significantly lower BAL @entity25097 concentrations on d 2 and 6 compared with survivors. BAL @entity9914 concentrations were significantly lower on d 2 and 3 among @entity1 in supplemental @entity26 on d 28 compared with those in air. BAL @entity3231 and @entity9914 concentrations did not differ significantly between @entity1 randomized to receive a natural or synthetic surfactant. Lower BAL @entity25097 and @entity9914 but not @entity3231 concentrations were associated with worse clinical prognosis.

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage surfactant protein a, B, and d concentrations in preterm XXXX ventilated for @entity649 receiving natural and synthetic surfactants.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The synthetic vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity6891 ) analogue Ro 25-1553 is a selective @entity6891 -PACAP type 2 (VPAC(2)) receptor agonist that causes a bronchodilatory effect in @entity840 in vivo. The effect of Ro 25-1553 given by inhalation to @entity1 with @entity565 was studied and compared with that of a long acting beta(2) adrenoceptor agonist. METHODS: Twenty four @entity1 with moderate stable @entity565 participated in a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study. The primary variable was bronchodilatory effect (increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FEV(1)) after inhalation of Ro 25-1553 (100 microg or 600 microg) and @entity6410 (4.5 microg), respectively. Putative side effects were characterised by monitoring sitting blood pressure, serum @entity972 , electrocardiography and echocardiography. RESULTS: Inhalation of 600 microg Ro 25-1553 caused a rapid bronchodilatory effect (geometric mean increase in FEV(1) compared with placebo) within 3 minutes of 6% (95% CI 4 to 9), as did inhalation of @entity6410 (8% (95% CI 5 to 10)). The corresponding maximum bronchodilatory effect during 24 hours was similar for 600 microg Ro 25-1553 (7% (95% CI 4 to 10)) and the reference bronchodilator @entity6410 (10% (95% CI 7 to 12)). However, for both doses of Ro 25-1553 the bronchodilatory effect was attenuated 5 hours after inhalation whereas @entity6410 still had a bronchodilatory effect 12 hours after inhalation. Neither @entity62807 nor @entity6410 produced any clinically relevant side effects. No drug related difference in adverse events was observed. CONCLUSION: Inhalation of a synthetic selective VPAC(2) receptor agonist constitutes a promising approach for bronchodilation in @entity1 with @entity565 .

title: Bronchodilation by an inhaled VPAC(2) receptor agonist in @entity1 with stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The synthetic vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity6891 ) analogue Ro 25-1553 is a selective @entity6891 -PACAP type 2 (VPAC(2)) receptor agonist that causes a bronchodilatory effect in @entity840 in vivo. The effect of Ro 25-1553 given by inhalation to @entity1 with @entity565 was studied and compared with that of a long acting beta(2) adrenoceptor agonist. METHODS: Twenty four @entity1 with moderate stable @entity565 participated in a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study. The primary variable was bronchodilatory effect (increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FEV(1)) after inhalation of Ro 25-1553 (100 microg or 600 microg) and @entity6410 (4.5 microg), respectively. Putative side effects were characterised by monitoring sitting blood pressure, serum @entity972 , electrocardiography and echocardiography. RESULTS: Inhalation of 600 microg Ro 25-1553 caused a rapid bronchodilatory effect (geometric mean increase in FEV(1) compared with placebo) within 3 minutes of 6% (95% CI 4 to 9), as did inhalation of @entity6410 (8% (95% CI 5 to 10)). The corresponding maximum bronchodilatory effect during 24 hours was similar for 600 microg Ro 25-1553 (7% (95% CI 4 to 10)) and the reference bronchodilator @entity6410 (10% (95% CI 7 to 12)). However, for both doses of Ro 25-1553 the bronchodilatory effect was attenuated 5 hours after inhalation whereas @entity6410 still had a bronchodilatory effect 12 hours after inhalation. Neither @entity62807 nor @entity6410 produced any clinically relevant side effects. No drug related difference in adverse events was observed. CONCLUSION: Inhalation of a synthetic selective VPAC(2) receptor agonist constitutes a promising approach for bronchodilation in @entity1 with @entity565 .

title: Bronchodilation by an inhaled VPAC(2) receptor agonist in XXXX with stable @entity565 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Desquamative inflammatory @entity365 is a clinical syndrome frequently unrecognized, characterized by vaginal rash and purulent discharge. We describe @entity1 outcomes and treatment at follow-up in a case series of 98 @entity1 diagnosed with this syndrome. METHODS: We performed a chart review of 130 @entity1 diagnosed with desquamative inflammatory @entity365 between 1996 and 2007 in a referral university-based @entity365 clinic. Clinical findings, laboratory findings, and treatment were documented during the first 12 months and at 2 and 4 years. RESULTS: Of the 98 @entity1 reviewed, 97 were white; mean age was 48.6 years (plus or minus 10.2 years), and 50% were postmenopausal. All @entity1 were symptomatic with vaginal @entity32 and 72% had vestibular findings. Treatment with topical 2% @entity3402 (54%) or 10% @entity701 (46%) dramatically relieved symptoms within 3 weeks (median) in 86% of @entity1 . Treatment was discontinued (median 8 weeks) in 53 @entity1 experiencing clinical remission accompanied by normal wet mount appearance; however, 17 (32%) relapsed within 6 weeks. At 1 year, cure was achieved in 25 @entity1 (26%), 57 (58%) were asymptomatic but remained dependent on maintenance treatment, and 16 (16%) were partially controlled only. A favorable initial response to therapy was associated with positive clinical prognosis by 20 weeks of follow-up (P=.01). CONCLUSION: Desquamative inflammatory @entity365 is a chronic inflammatory process involving both vagina and vestibule, occurring almost exclusively in white @entity1 , that responds well to topical anti-inflammatory therapy, although long-term maintenance therapy frequently is required. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Prognosis and treatment of desquamative inflammatory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginitis']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['vaginitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinicopathological features of invasive @entity189 arising in @entity4929 of the pancreas (IPMN) by histological subtype of the invasive component and to compare the outcomes of these @entity1 to a cohort of matched @entity1 with conventional ductal @entity788 . BACKGROUND: Two distinct histological subtypes of invasive @entity189 arising in IPMNs have been described, @entity3079 and @entity420 . Previous reports have suggested prognostic differences between these 2 subtypes but a matched comparison of @entity3079 , @entity420 , and conventional @entity788 has not been reported. METHODS: The clinicopathological variables of 59 @entity1 resected for an invasive component of IPMN were analyzed with detailed pathologic review of histopathologic subtype ( @entity3079 and @entity420 ). Using a postresection @entity788 nomogram, @entity1 with either @entity420 were matched on a 1:1 basis with @entity1 resected for conventional ductal @entity788 . Clinicopathological factors and overall outcome was analyzed between the matched groups. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 underwent resection for IPMN with an associated @entity189 ( @entity30946 ). The estimated 3- and 5-year survival rates were 76% and 68%, respectively. @entity420 was present in 35 @entity1 (59%) and 24 @entity1 (41%) had @entity3079 . @entity420 subtype [hazard ratio (HR) 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-11.6] and the presence of positive regional lymph nodes (HR 3.2 95% CI 1.2-8.2) were clinicopathological factors predictive of decreased survival by multivariate analysis. The 5-year estimated survival rates for @entity420 and @entity3079 were 55% and 87%, respectively (P = 0.01). When compared with @entity1 with @entity1124 resected during the same time period matched by a prognostic nomogram, @entity1 with @entity3079 had a significantly longer survival outcome compared with @entity1 with conventional @entity420 (P = 0.0001). By contrast, survival after resection between @entity1 with the tubular subtype (3-year estimated survival, 61%) and the matched group with conventional @entity420 (3-year estimated survival, 21%) (P = 0.87) was not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the @entity3079 histological subtype of invasive IPMN had a more statistically favorable survival outcome than the tubular subtype. @entity1 with invasive tubular IPMN had no statistically significant difference in survival as matched @entity1 with @entity1124 .

title: @entity189 arising in XXXX of the pancreas: a matched control study with conventional @entity1124 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['colloid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['conventional ductal pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'conventional ductal pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Tubular carcinoma', 'tubular or colloid carcinoma', 'tubular carcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinicopathological features of invasive @entity189 arising in @entity4929 of the pancreas (IPMN) by histological subtype of the invasive component and to compare the outcomes of these @entity1 to a cohort of matched @entity1 with conventional ductal @entity788 . BACKGROUND: Two distinct histological subtypes of invasive @entity189 arising in IPMNs have been described, @entity3079 and @entity420 . Previous reports have suggested prognostic differences between these 2 subtypes but a matched comparison of @entity3079 , @entity420 , and conventional @entity788 has not been reported. METHODS: The clinicopathological variables of 59 @entity1 resected for an invasive component of IPMN were analyzed with detailed pathologic review of histopathologic subtype ( @entity3079 and @entity420 ). Using a postresection @entity788 nomogram, @entity1 with either @entity420 were matched on a 1:1 basis with @entity1 resected for conventional ductal @entity788 . Clinicopathological factors and overall outcome was analyzed between the matched groups. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 underwent resection for IPMN with an associated @entity189 ( @entity30946 ). The estimated 3- and 5-year survival rates were 76% and 68%, respectively. @entity420 was present in 35 @entity1 (59%) and 24 @entity1 (41%) had @entity3079 . @entity420 subtype [hazard ratio (HR) 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-11.6] and the presence of positive regional lymph nodes (HR 3.2 95% CI 1.2-8.2) were clinicopathological factors predictive of decreased survival by multivariate analysis. The 5-year estimated survival rates for @entity420 and @entity3079 were 55% and 87%, respectively (P = 0.01). When compared with @entity1 with @entity1124 resected during the same time period matched by a prognostic nomogram, @entity1 with @entity3079 had a significantly longer survival outcome compared with @entity1 with conventional @entity420 (P = 0.0001). By contrast, survival after resection between @entity1 with the tubular subtype (3-year estimated survival, 61%) and the matched group with conventional @entity420 (3-year estimated survival, 21%) (P = 0.87) was not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the @entity3079 histological subtype of invasive IPMN had a more statistically favorable survival outcome than the tubular subtype. @entity1 with invasive tubular IPMN had no statistically significant difference in survival as matched @entity1 with @entity1124 .

title: XXXX arising in @entity4929 of the pancreas: a matched control study with conventional @entity1124 .

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Invasive carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinicopathological features of invasive @entity189 arising in @entity4929 of the pancreas (IPMN) by histological subtype of the invasive component and to compare the outcomes of these @entity1 to a cohort of matched @entity1 with conventional ductal @entity788 . BACKGROUND: Two distinct histological subtypes of invasive @entity189 arising in IPMNs have been described, @entity3079 and @entity420 . Previous reports have suggested prognostic differences between these 2 subtypes but a matched comparison of @entity3079 , @entity420 , and conventional @entity788 has not been reported. METHODS: The clinicopathological variables of 59 @entity1 resected for an invasive component of IPMN were analyzed with detailed pathologic review of histopathologic subtype ( @entity3079 and @entity420 ). Using a postresection @entity788 nomogram, @entity1 with either @entity420 were matched on a 1:1 basis with @entity1 resected for conventional ductal @entity788 . Clinicopathological factors and overall outcome was analyzed between the matched groups. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity1 underwent resection for IPMN with an associated @entity189 ( @entity30946 ). The estimated 3- and 5-year survival rates were 76% and 68%, respectively. @entity420 was present in 35 @entity1 (59%) and 24 @entity1 (41%) had @entity3079 . @entity420 subtype [hazard ratio (HR) 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-11.6] and the presence of positive regional lymph nodes (HR 3.2 95% CI 1.2-8.2) were clinicopathological factors predictive of decreased survival by multivariate analysis. The 5-year estimated survival rates for @entity420 and @entity3079 were 55% and 87%, respectively (P = 0.01). When compared with @entity1 with @entity1124 resected during the same time period matched by a prognostic nomogram, @entity1 with @entity3079 had a significantly longer survival outcome compared with @entity1 with conventional @entity420 (P = 0.0001). By contrast, survival after resection between @entity1 with the tubular subtype (3-year estimated survival, 61%) and the matched group with conventional @entity420 (3-year estimated survival, 21%) (P = 0.87) was not statistically different. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the @entity3079 histological subtype of invasive IPMN had a more statistically favorable survival outcome than the tubular subtype. @entity1 with invasive tubular IPMN had no statistically significant difference in survival as matched @entity1 with @entity1124 .

title: @entity189 arising in @entity4929 of the pancreas: a matched control study with conventional XXXX .

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) plays a crucial role in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, data on morphology during BAV are lacking. During surgical aortic valve replacement, open BAV was performed as a non-therapeutic in-vivo model prior to aortic valve excision. Twenty-six @entity1 with severe @entity472 were included in the study after ethics committee approval. A valvuloplasty balloon was advanced from the open aorta, across the stenotic aortic valve and was rapidly inflated and deflated. All @entity1 except for one had tricuspid aortic valves with severe visible @entity730 on the aortic side of leaflets. All valves were successfully dilated. Only in the presence of severe central calcific noduli, @entity174 occurred in the middle portion of the leaflets in three and in the commissural part in four @entity1 . No embolization of @entity340 occurred, however, ten coronary leaflets partially reached coronary orifices, resulting in three near-obstructions. The present study visualized for the first time the behaviour of bulky leaflet calcifications during valvuloplasty. @entity174 in the middle portion of the free edge may occur whenever a huge @entity730 completely affects the whole leaflet area. No signs of embolization were observed, possibly explaining low @entity64 rates during TAVI procedures.

title: Open balloon aortic valvuloplasty in XXXX : implications for transcatheter aortic valve implantations.

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular debris']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: @entity3952 -induced @entity519 is an animal model of @entity649 ( @entity649 ). Increased capillary permeability is a cause of @entity519 in @entity651 . Endothelial cells form a major capillary barrier, and disruption of the barrier appears to involve a decreased level of @entity855 in the cells. @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) is an endogenous substance that is one of the @entity855 precursors and can cross some cell membranes via anion exchanger. We examined the effect of @entity7955 on @entity3952 -induced @entity651 in @entity840 . An intravenous injection of @entity3952 (15 microl/kg) caused severe @entity519 . Pretreatment with @entity7955 at a dose of 2, 20, or 200 micromol/kg attenuated the @entity3952 -induced decrease in the arterial partial pressure of @entity26 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, @entity7955 attenuated the @entity3952 -induced increase in vascular permeability in the proximal and distal bronchi, as indicated by the extravascular leakage of Evans Blue dye. The combination of @entity7955 with @entity855 (4 micromol/kg) showed no additional inhibitory effect on @entity3952 -induced @entity651 , compared with @entity7955 alone. We suggest that @entity7955 is a promising candidate to prevent @entity519 in @entity647 associated with increased vascular permeability, such as @entity649 .

title: Preventive effect of @entity7954 on XXXX induced by @entity3952 in @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid', 'Oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injuries']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxemia']


abstract: @entity3952 -induced @entity519 is an animal model of @entity649 ( @entity649 ). Increased capillary permeability is a cause of @entity519 in @entity651 . Endothelial cells form a major capillary barrier, and disruption of the barrier appears to involve a decreased level of @entity855 in the cells. @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) is an endogenous substance that is one of the @entity855 precursors and can cross some cell membranes via anion exchanger. We examined the effect of @entity7955 on @entity3952 -induced @entity651 in @entity840 . An intravenous injection of @entity3952 (15 microl/kg) caused severe @entity519 . Pretreatment with @entity7955 at a dose of 2, 20, or 200 micromol/kg attenuated the @entity3952 -induced decrease in the arterial partial pressure of @entity26 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, @entity7955 attenuated the @entity3952 -induced increase in vascular permeability in the proximal and distal bronchi, as indicated by the extravascular leakage of Evans Blue dye. The combination of @entity7955 with @entity855 (4 micromol/kg) showed no additional inhibitory effect on @entity3952 -induced @entity651 , compared with @entity7955 alone. We suggest that @entity7955 is a promising candidate to prevent @entity519 in @entity647 associated with increased vascular permeability, such as @entity649 .

title: Preventive effect of XXXX on @entity519 induced by @entity3952 in @entity840 .

answer: @entity7954 :: (MESH:D010728,Chemical) :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']


abstract: @entity3952 -induced @entity519 is an animal model of @entity649 ( @entity649 ). Increased capillary permeability is a cause of @entity519 in @entity651 . Endothelial cells form a major capillary barrier, and disruption of the barrier appears to involve a decreased level of @entity855 in the cells. @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) is an endogenous substance that is one of the @entity855 precursors and can cross some cell membranes via anion exchanger. We examined the effect of @entity7955 on @entity3952 -induced @entity651 in @entity840 . An intravenous injection of @entity3952 (15 microl/kg) caused severe @entity519 . Pretreatment with @entity7955 at a dose of 2, 20, or 200 micromol/kg attenuated the @entity3952 -induced decrease in the arterial partial pressure of @entity26 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, @entity7955 attenuated the @entity3952 -induced increase in vascular permeability in the proximal and distal bronchi, as indicated by the extravascular leakage of Evans Blue dye. The combination of @entity7955 with @entity855 (4 micromol/kg) showed no additional inhibitory effect on @entity3952 -induced @entity651 , compared with @entity7955 alone. We suggest that @entity7955 is a promising candidate to prevent @entity519 in @entity647 associated with increased vascular permeability, such as @entity649 .

title: Preventive effect of @entity7954 on @entity519 induced by @entity3952 in XXXX .

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['Guinea pigs']


abstract: @entity3952 -induced @entity519 is an animal model of @entity649 ( @entity649 ). Increased capillary permeability is a cause of @entity519 in @entity651 . Endothelial cells form a major capillary barrier, and disruption of the barrier appears to involve a decreased level of @entity855 in the cells. @entity7954 ( @entity7955 ) is an endogenous substance that is one of the @entity855 precursors and can cross some cell membranes via anion exchanger. We examined the effect of @entity7955 on @entity3952 -induced @entity651 in @entity840 . An intravenous injection of @entity3952 (15 microl/kg) caused severe @entity519 . Pretreatment with @entity7955 at a dose of 2, 20, or 200 micromol/kg attenuated the @entity3952 -induced decrease in the arterial partial pressure of @entity26 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, @entity7955 attenuated the @entity3952 -induced increase in vascular permeability in the proximal and distal bronchi, as indicated by the extravascular leakage of Evans Blue dye. The combination of @entity7955 with @entity855 (4 micromol/kg) showed no additional inhibitory effect on @entity3952 -induced @entity651 , compared with @entity7955 alone. We suggest that @entity7955 is a promising candidate to prevent @entity519 in @entity647 associated with increased vascular permeability, such as @entity649 .

title: Preventive effect of @entity7954 on @entity519 induced by XXXX in @entity840 .

answer: @entity3952 :: (MESH:D019301,Chemical) :: ['oleic acid']


abstract: Wild deer are one of the important natural reservoir hosts of Anaplasma species, which cause granulocytic anaplasmosis in @entity1641 , @entity235 , and @entity1 . The objective of the present study was to determine whether and what species of Anaplasma naturally infect @entity60102 (KWD) in the Republic of Korea. A total of 66 spleens from KWD carcasses were collected by the Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife in Korea between March 2008 and May 2009. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using 16S ribosomal (r)RNA, with ankA, groEL, and msp2 gene primers to amplify the genes of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. Using 16S rRNA-based nested PCR, @entity4210 and Anaplasma bovis were detected in 42 (63.6%) and 23 (34.8%) of 66 KWD spleens, respectively. The 42 A. phagocytophilum were classified into five genotypes and the 23 A. bovis were classified into two genotypes by sequence analysis. By ankA-, groEL-, and msp2-based nested PCR, A. phagocytophilum was detected in 1 (1.5%), 7 (10.6%), and 3 (4.6%) of 66 samples, respectively. These gene sequences had only one genotype. Five of seven obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences have never been identified. The ankA, groEL, and msp2 obtained gene sequences represented new genotypes. This is the first report of A. phagocytophilum and A. bovis in KWD, suggesting that they may act as reservoirs for anaplasmosis zoonotic pathogens.

title: New genetic variants of XXXX and Anaplasma bovis from @entity60102 ( @entity60102 ).

entities_list: @entity60102 :: ('344906', 'Species') :: ['Korean water deer']

entities_list: @entity4210 :: ('948', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma phagocytophilum']

answer: @entity4210 :: (948,Species) :: ['Anaplasma phagocytophilum']


abstract: Wild deer are one of the important natural reservoir hosts of Anaplasma species, which cause granulocytic anaplasmosis in @entity1641 , @entity235 , and @entity1 . The objective of the present study was to determine whether and what species of Anaplasma naturally infect @entity60102 (KWD) in the Republic of Korea. A total of 66 spleens from KWD carcasses were collected by the Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife in Korea between March 2008 and May 2009. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using 16S ribosomal (r)RNA, with ankA, groEL, and msp2 gene primers to amplify the genes of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. Using 16S rRNA-based nested PCR, @entity4210 and Anaplasma bovis were detected in 42 (63.6%) and 23 (34.8%) of 66 KWD spleens, respectively. The 42 A. phagocytophilum were classified into five genotypes and the 23 A. bovis were classified into two genotypes by sequence analysis. By ankA-, groEL-, and msp2-based nested PCR, A. phagocytophilum was detected in 1 (1.5%), 7 (10.6%), and 3 (4.6%) of 66 samples, respectively. These gene sequences had only one genotype. Five of seven obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences have never been identified. The ankA, groEL, and msp2 obtained gene sequences represented new genotypes. This is the first report of A. phagocytophilum and A. bovis in KWD, suggesting that they may act as reservoirs for anaplasmosis zoonotic pathogens.

title: New genetic variants of @entity4210 and Anaplasma bovis from XXXX ( @entity60102 ).

answer: @entity60102 :: (344906,Species) :: ['Korean water deer']


abstract: Wild deer are one of the important natural reservoir hosts of Anaplasma species, which cause granulocytic anaplasmosis in @entity1641 , @entity235 , and @entity1 . The objective of the present study was to determine whether and what species of Anaplasma naturally infect @entity60102 (KWD) in the Republic of Korea. A total of 66 spleens from KWD carcasses were collected by the Conservation Genome Resource Bank for Korean Wildlife in Korea between March 2008 and May 2009. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using 16S ribosomal (r)RNA, with ankA, groEL, and msp2 gene primers to amplify the genes of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia. Using 16S rRNA-based nested PCR, @entity4210 and Anaplasma bovis were detected in 42 (63.6%) and 23 (34.8%) of 66 KWD spleens, respectively. The 42 A. phagocytophilum were classified into five genotypes and the 23 A. bovis were classified into two genotypes by sequence analysis. By ankA-, groEL-, and msp2-based nested PCR, A. phagocytophilum was detected in 1 (1.5%), 7 (10.6%), and 3 (4.6%) of 66 samples, respectively. These gene sequences had only one genotype. Five of seven obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences have never been identified. The ankA, groEL, and msp2 obtained gene sequences represented new genotypes. This is the first report of A. phagocytophilum and A. bovis in KWD, suggesting that they may act as reservoirs for anaplasmosis zoonotic pathogens.

title: New genetic variants of @entity4210 and Anaplasma bovis from @entity60102 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity60102 :: (344906,Species) :: ['Hydropotes inermis argyropus']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the timing of adenohypophysial activation during metamorphosis of the @entity7928 salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. It consisted of two parts: 1) determination of plasma @entity6145 concentrations and analysis of thyroid gland histology as a function of metamorphic stage and 2) analysis of the time-course of uptake of 125I by the thyroids during metamorphosis as an indicator of endogenous @entity7287 (TSH) levels. Significant increases in both @entity1954 (T3) and @entity1955 (T4) first were evident at the onset of metamorphic climax (stage II). Maximum levels of both hormones were not observed, however, until the completion of gill resorption (stage VII). No changes in thyroid histology were observed that could be unambiguously related to metamorphic transformation. The thyroids accumulated 125I in a slow but linear fashion in premetamorphic larvae (stage I). However, uptake exhibited a rapid peak during early climax (stage II), before maximum concentrations of thyroid hormones were observed. In addition, uptake was maintained above premetamorphic levels at stage VII, in conjunction with maximum levels of T4 and T3. Captivity alone produced a small but significant increase in plasma concentrations of T3. It produced no significant effect on either thyroid histology or uptake of 125I. These results indicate that adenohypophysial activation occurs rapidly and is maximal at the onset of metamorphic climax.

title: Adenohypophysial-thyroid activity of the XXXX salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, as a function of metamorphosis and captivity.

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity7928 :: (9694,Species) :: ['tiger']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to update the long-term outcome in the treatment of locally advanced @entity189 ( @entity189 ) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) regarding the role of adjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data from 138 @entity1 who underwent RNU for locally advanced @entity189 (pT3/4 or pN+) were analyzed. RESULTS: The adjuvant chemotherapy group comprised 66 @entity1 , and other 72 @entity1 did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. @entity900 -based chemotherapy was the most common regimen, depending on the @entity1 's eligibility and renal function. The median follow-up period was 48.7 months (interquartile range: 29.2-96.9 months). The 3-and 5-year @entity66 ( @entity66 ) rates were 76.0% and 69.9% for the non- -adjuvant chemotherapy group versus 74.6% and 54.5% for the adjuvant chemotherapy group (p=0.301, log-rank test). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates for the same time period were 70.1% and 62.9% for the non-adjuvant chemotherapy group versus 73.8% and 53.2% for the adjuvant chemotherapy group (p=0.931, log-rank test). On multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy could not predict @entity66 and @entity1349 after surgery. When @entity1 who received @entity900 -based adjuvant chemotherapy (n=59) were compared to those who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, similar results were found. CONCLUSIONS: There does not appear to be a significant @entity66 or @entity1349 benefit associated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Prospective randomized clinical trials are necessary to verify the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on locally advanced @entity189 .

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced XXXX : updated results of the Seoul National University Hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma', 'UTUC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the effect of @entity406 treatment of temporalis muscle fascia grafts used during tympanoplasty on the postoperative success rates. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 who underwent tympanoplasty between January 2006 and January 2007 in the Department of Otolaryngology, Medicine Faculty of Uluda   University and who were under regular follow-up were included in this prospectively planned study and divided into two groups: the study group (n=24) and the control group (n=30). @entity121 grafts were used in all @entity1 . The grafts were treated with @entity406 in the study group. All the controls of the @entity1 were performed by otomicroscopy. Audiometric tests were performed at the 6th month controls. RESULTS: It was found out that perforation was permanently repaired in 79.2% of the study group and in 73.3% of the control group (p>0.05). We obtained an evident improvement in the average airway bone gap in both groups. We could not detect any statistical significance in the comparison of the operation duration between the groups although the operation duration in the study group was shorter (the study group: 735 seconds, the control group: 775 seconds). CONCLUSION: The @entity406 treatment of the temporalis muscle fascial graft used in tympanoplasty was not superior in closing perforation and operation length compared to its direct dry use. However, we concluded that the graft could be more easily manipulated during the operation.

title: [The effect of treatment of temporalis muscle fascia grafts with XXXX on the success rates of tympanoplasty].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal muscle fascia']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formaldehyde']


abstract: @entity2663 ( @entity2663 ) is an effective anticancer drug usually administered as a short infusion in doses of 150 to 165 mg/m2. The objectives of the trial reported here were to evaluate clinical responses and assess pharmacokinetic parameters as a determinant of outcome when @entity2663 was administered as a 72-hour continuous infusion (CI) with doses escalated from 300 to 750 mg/m2 per course. Twenty-eight @entity1 with recurrent @entity1778 , @entity706 , or @entity521 received 53 courses of CI @entity2663 and 16 had measurable responses. There were two partial remissions and one stable disease among seven @entity521 @entity1 and 13 of 21 @entity1778 / @entity706 @entity1 had oncolytic responses (greater than or equal to 75% decrease in circulating blasts). @entity137 included moderate to severe @entity33 and myelosuppression. Pharmacokinetic parameters determined during 35 courses administered to 23 @entity1 were highly variable. Clearance (CI) ranged between 3.7 and 43.8 ml/min/m2, resulting in @entity2663 plasma concentrations from 2.8 to 30.6 mg/L across all dose levels. The interpatient pharmacokinetic variability reflected in CI and @entity2663 steady state concentrations (Css), obscured any dose-response relationship. However, when pharmacokinetic parameters for responding and nonresponding @entity1 were compared, statistically significant relationships were observed. For responders, the mean Css was 15.2 mg/L and mean CI was 12.1 mL/min/m2; for nonresponders, mean Css was 6.2 mg/L (P less than .01) and mean CI was 21.3 mL/min/m2 (P less than .05). Thus, @entity1 with higher CI and lower Css were less likely to respond. Clinical responses occurred in ten of ten @entity1 with Css greater than 12 mg/L, and only five of 13 @entity1 with Css less than 12 mg/L (P less than .01). In this study, interpatient pharmacokinetic variability yielded a four- to sixfold difference in intensity of systemic exposure (Css) within the same dose level, which was an important determinant of clinical response. These data indicate that achieving a @entity2663 target concentration for individual @entity1 could ensure an increased intensity of systemic exposure in @entity1 with a high CI and improve the likelihood of effective therapy.

title: Clinical pharmacodynamics of continuous infusion XXXX : systemic exposure as a determinant of response in a phase I trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity2663 :: (MESH:D013713,Chemical) :: ['teniposide']