abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Infections have been suggested to play a role in the aetiology of type 1 @entity6 . The presence of space-time clustering is consistent with the notion of an environmental component in disease aetiology, possibly linked to @entity281 . We tested for evidence of space-time clustering among @entity1 and young adults under 30 years of age using data from a population-based register in Yorkshire, UK. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two data sets of @entity1 and young @entity1 diagnosed with type 1 @entity6 were analysed: (1) @entity1 aged 0-14 years and resident in Yorkshire during 1978-2002; (2) those aged 15-29 years and resident in West Yorkshire during 1991-2002. Tests for space-time interactions between cases were applied. Addresses at diagnosis were geo-coded and used as the basis for the analyses. RESULTS: The study analysed 3,019 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 in the 0-14 years age group and 989 @entity1 in the 15-29 years group. Statistically significant space-time clustering based on place and time of diagnosis was detected both for the 10-14-year-olds (p=0.04) and for the 15-19-year-olds (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Previous studies of clustering of type 1 @entity6 have generally been restricted to childhood. Our results from a data set that includes teenagers and young adults show that space-time clustering was limited to young @entity1 aged 10-19 years. This finding is consistent with an aetiology involving late exposure to @entity281 . However, the question of whether this is directly diabetogenic or unmasks @entity6 cannot be addressed by this methodology.

title: Space-time clustering analyses of type 1 XXXX among 0- to 29-year-olds in Yorkshire, UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['latent diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Progression of @entity360 ( @entity360 ) is poorer than esophageal variceal @entity548 . However, data on its optimal treatment are limited. We designed a prospective study to compare the efficacy of endoscopic band ligation (GVL) and endoscopic @entity7548 injection (GVO). Liver @entity1 with @entity82 with or without concomitant @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and @entity1 presenting with acute @entity360 were randomized into two treatment groups. Forty-eight @entity1 received GVL, and another 49 @entity1 received GVO. Both treatments were equally successful in controlling active @entity548 (14/15 vs. 14/15, P = 1.000). More of the @entity1 who underwent GVL had GV rebleeding (GVL vs. GVO, 21/48 vs. 11/49; P = .044). The 2-year and 3-year cumulative rate of GV rebleeding were 63.1% and 72.3% for GVL, and 26.8% for both periods with GVO; P = .0143, log-rank test. The rebleeding risk of GVL was sustained throughout the entire follow-up period. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that concomitance with @entity157 (relative hazard: 2.453, 95% CI: 1.036-5.806, P = .041) and the treatment method (GVL vs. GVO, relative hazard: 2.660, 95% CI: 1.167-6.061, P = .020) were independent factors predictive of GV rebleeding. There was no difference in survival between the two groups. Severe complications attributable to these two treatments were rare. In conclusion, the efficacy of GVL to control active @entity360 appears not different to GVO, but GVO is associated with a lower GV rebleeding rate.

title: A randomized trial of endoscopic treatment of @entity360 : XXXX injection versus band ligation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastric variceal hemorrhage', 'GVH']

answer: @entity7548 :: (MESH:D004659,Chemical) :: ['N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate']


abstract: Progression of @entity360 ( @entity360 ) is poorer than esophageal variceal @entity548 . However, data on its optimal treatment are limited. We designed a prospective study to compare the efficacy of endoscopic band ligation (GVL) and endoscopic @entity7548 injection (GVO). Liver @entity1 with @entity82 with or without concomitant @entity157 ( @entity157 ) and @entity1 presenting with acute @entity360 were randomized into two treatment groups. Forty-eight @entity1 received GVL, and another 49 @entity1 received GVO. Both treatments were equally successful in controlling active @entity548 (14/15 vs. 14/15, P = 1.000). More of the @entity1 who underwent GVL had GV rebleeding (GVL vs. GVO, 21/48 vs. 11/49; P = .044). The 2-year and 3-year cumulative rate of GV rebleeding were 63.1% and 72.3% for GVL, and 26.8% for both periods with GVO; P = .0143, log-rank test. The rebleeding risk of GVL was sustained throughout the entire follow-up period. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that concomitance with @entity157 (relative hazard: 2.453, 95% CI: 1.036-5.806, P = .041) and the treatment method (GVL vs. GVO, relative hazard: 2.660, 95% CI: 1.167-6.061, P = .020) were independent factors predictive of GV rebleeding. There was no difference in survival between the two groups. Severe complications attributable to these two treatments were rare. In conclusion, the efficacy of GVL to control active @entity360 appears not different to GVO, but GVO is associated with a lower GV rebleeding rate.

title: A randomized trial of endoscopic treatment of XXXX : @entity7548 injection versus band ligation.

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['acute gastric variceal hemorrhage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity1408 ( @entity1408 ) is a deep @entity764 that generates both a @entity16 and a @entity299 . Excluding the scarce reports on @entity1614 ( @entity1614 ) and @entity4243 ( @entity4243 ), few studies have examined the relation between severe @entity1408 and @entity2597 . The aim of this study is to verify the clinical significance of such correlation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ninety-two consecutive @entity1 , of whom 79 were males, between 6 and 34 years old, classified as having severe @entity1408 , were seen at our institution from June 2005 to September 2010. All @entity1 underwent clinical, ophthalmological, cardiac, and radiological (chest and spine magnetic resonance imaging) screening. The following features were observed: skin stretch marks, @entity1635 , @entity14884 , echocardiographic signs, @entity4681 , and @entity1714 . RESULTS: Classical connectivopathies such as @entity1614 or @entity4243 were present in only 5 @entity1 (approximately 5%), whereas a @entity85 was present in 4. The largest group (approximately 71%) was represented by phenotypical alterations such as @entity3454 , @entity2333 , and skeletal and skin alterations (MASS). Among those @entity1 , the most frequent clinical manifestations were the skeletal ones, followed by skin marks and @entity3454 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1408 showed an evident association with an array of features that we describe as MASS. Although not one of this subgroup of @entity1 has been described with increased aortic root diameter when screened (a feature widely present in @entity1614 @entity1 ), they probably would require a thorough and longer follow-up than those affected by isolated @entity1408 because of the potential occurrence of severe @entity65 such as @entity439 and dissection, which are major causes of morbidity and mortality in @entity1614 .

title: XXXX and MASS phenotype: an unknown association.

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disorders']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', "Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cosmetic damage']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['spinal defects']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ["Ehlers-Danlos's syndrome", 'EDS']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest wall deformity']

entities_list: @entity14884 :: ('MESH:D007593', 'Disease') :: ['joint hypermobility']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac/respiratory function impairment']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root enlargement']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['single deformity']

entities_list: @entity1408 :: ('MESH:D005660', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pectus excavatum']

answer: @entity1408 :: (MESH:D005660,Disease) :: ['Pectus excavatum']


abstract: Increased @entity344 has been demonstrated in several @entity409 . It may facilitate the absorption of gut-derived endotoxin-stimulating Kupffer cells to release proinflammatory cytokines or other potentially hepatotoxic compounds. We examined @entity344 , plasma levels of anti-lipopolysacharides (anti- @entity558 ), and four proinflammatory cytokines in 20 @entity1 with @entity13359 ( @entity13359 ) compared with 22 normal pregnant and 29 non-pregnant @entity1 . Urinary excretion of @entity969 and the urinary @entity11884 / @entity2656 (L/M) ratio after a standard oral load were used to assess @entity344 . Anti- @entity558 (IgA, IgM, and IgG) were measured in peripheral blood by @entity1 EndoCAb test kit; @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity650 , and @entity688 by Quantikine HS @entity1 immunoassays. Sucrose urinary excretion was similar in the three groups, indicating normal gastric permeability. The urinary L/M ratio was significantly higher in @entity13359 than in the other groups [median (interquartile range): 0.018% (0.011-0.023) in @entity13359 , 0.012% (0.009-0.016) in normal pregnancies, and 0.009% (0.008-0.012) in non-pregnant @entity1 , P < .01]. No significant differences were found in anti- @entity558 or cytokines plasma levels except slightly higher levels of @entity650 in @entity13359 @entity1 than in non-pregnant @entity1 (P < .05). Four of five @entity1 with abnormal urinary L/M ratio during @entity13359 continued to show abnormalities in tests up to 2 years after delivery. In conclusion, an increased intestinal permeability was detected in @entity13359 @entity1 during and after pregnancy. A "leaky gut" may participate in the pathogenesis of @entity13359 by enhancing the absorption of bacterial endotoxin and the enterohepatic circulation of cholestatic metabolites of sex hormones and @entity3645 .

title: Is a leaky gut involved in the pathogenesis of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity13359 :: ('MESH:C535932', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal permeability']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity13359 :: (MESH:C535932,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy']


abstract: A 74-year-old @entity1 from the rural area of Caicedonia, Valle del Cauca Province, was diagnosed with uncontrolled @entity101 , stage IV @entity177 and severe @entity417 . Fifteen years earlier, while living in Guaviare Province, he was diagnosed with @entity232 -with lesions located on the right upper and lower eyelids, left auricle and limbs. At that time, he received an incomplete treatment with antimonials. The @entity1 had experienced 8 years of progressive @entity3137 located in the upper lip, nasal mucosa and right upper and lower eyelids (figure 1). A histopathological diagnosis of @entity232 was made and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (figure 2). Treatment with antimonials (Glucantime) was contraindicated due to the @entity1 's comorbidities. Inpatient supervised treatment with @entity14219 ( @entity72384 50 mg capsules) was initiated according to the national guidelines of 1.8 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Clinical follow up and routine laboratory tests ( @entity1011 , BUN, liver function tests and complete blood counts) were done during and after treatment; no complications were reported. Medical follow up was continued until the Internal medicine, ophthalmology, and plastic surgery consultations were provided for subsequent management of the pathology. @entity17566 is a serious preventable complication of @entity4536 . This case illustrated a failure in opportune diagnosis and treatment of this disease as a consequence of an inadequate @entity232 control program. The case indicated the effectiveness of @entity14219 as a therapeutic option in @entity1 for whom antimonial treatment is contraindicated.

title: [Mucosal complication of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity14219 :: ('MESH:C039128', 'Chemical') :: ['miltefosine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity17566 :: ('MESH:D007897', 'Disease') :: ['Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: The majority of @entity43 are of serous subtype, with most @entity1 presenting at an advanced stage. Approximately 70% respond to initial chemotherapy but eventually relapse. We aimed to find markers of treatment response that might be suitable for routine use, using the gene expression profile of @entity5 tissue. Thirty one @entity1 with histologically-confirmed late-stage serous @entity43 were classified into 3 groups based on response to treatment (nonresponders, responders with relapse less than 12 months and responders with no relapse within 12 months). Gene expression profiles of these specimens were analyzed with respect to treatment response and survival (minimum 36 months follow-up). @entity1 ' clinical features did not correlate with prognosis, or with specific gene expression patterns of their @entity5 . However @entity1 who did not respond to treatment could be distinguished from those who responded with no relapse within 12 months based on 34 gene transcripts (p < 0.02). Poor prognosis was associated with high expression of @entity29096 ( @entity29096 ) (p = 0.001). High expression of @entity39697 (DCN) and @entity29096 together was strongly associated with reduced survival (p = 0.003), with an estimated 7-fold increased risk of dying (95% CI 1.9-29.6; 14 months survival) compared with low expression (44 months). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed both nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of @entity29096 in @entity43 . High percentage of nuclear staining was associated with poor survival, although not statistically significantly. In conclusion, elevated expression of @entity29096 and DCN was significantly associated with poor prognosis in a homogeneous group of @entity43 @entity1 for whom survival could not be predicted from clinical factors.

title: Expression profiling correlates with treatment response in @entity1 with advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'epithelial ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity29096 :: ('3398', 'Gene') :: ['inhibitor of differentiation-2', 'ID2']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['serous epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: The majority of @entity43 are of serous subtype, with most @entity1 presenting at an advanced stage. Approximately 70% respond to initial chemotherapy but eventually relapse. We aimed to find markers of treatment response that might be suitable for routine use, using the gene expression profile of @entity5 tissue. Thirty one @entity1 with histologically-confirmed late-stage serous @entity43 were classified into 3 groups based on response to treatment (nonresponders, responders with relapse less than 12 months and responders with no relapse within 12 months). Gene expression profiles of these specimens were analyzed with respect to treatment response and survival (minimum 36 months follow-up). @entity1 ' clinical features did not correlate with prognosis, or with specific gene expression patterns of their @entity5 . However @entity1 who did not respond to treatment could be distinguished from those who responded with no relapse within 12 months based on 34 gene transcripts (p < 0.02). Poor prognosis was associated with high expression of @entity29096 ( @entity29096 ) (p = 0.001). High expression of @entity39697 (DCN) and @entity29096 together was strongly associated with reduced survival (p = 0.003), with an estimated 7-fold increased risk of dying (95% CI 1.9-29.6; 14 months survival) compared with low expression (44 months). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed both nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of @entity29096 in @entity43 . High percentage of nuclear staining was associated with poor survival, although not statistically significantly. In conclusion, elevated expression of @entity29096 and DCN was significantly associated with poor prognosis in a homogeneous group of @entity43 @entity1 for whom survival could not be predicted from clinical factors.

title: Expression profiling correlates with treatment response in XXXX with advanced @entity43 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical signs and outcome of surgery in cases with @entity751 and highlight the clinical presentation of this syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective review of records of @entity1 with @entity751 who underwent surgery between January 2002 and July 2007. The position of the punctum, nasal bridge prominence, Hertel exophthalmometry and the presence of inferiorly directed sharp angulation of the medial canthus was noted. The @entity1 underwent anterior canthal tendon release, punctoplasty or medial conjunctivoplasty or a combination of these. RESULTS: Of the 13 cases, 10 had been treated medically elsewhere. The mean age of onset was 20.7 years. Most of the @entity1 were male 10 (76.9%). A prominent nasal bridge was demonstrable in 9 (69.2%) @entity1 and sharp inferior angulation of the medial canthus, the 'beak' sign was present in 9 (69.2%) cases. Anterior canthal tendon release alone was performed in 4 @entity1 , in combination with punctoplasty in 5 and with conjunctivoplasty in 4. Watering resolved in 10 @entity1 . 3 @entity1 who had a combination of anterior canthal tendon release and punctoplasty had persistent but asymptomatic @entity9467 . DISCUSSION: @entity751 is characterised by the abnormal anterior insertion of the medial canthal tendon with displacement of the punctum out of the lacrimal lake. Most cases present with unexplained watering. Surgical management by anterior canthal tendon release with or without conjunctivoplasty or lower lid retractor plication is usually successful.

title: XXXX : clinical presentation and surgical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Centurion syndrome']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['Centurion syndrome']


abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is a specific gene-silencing mechanism that can be mediated by the delivery of chemical synthesized small-interfering RNA (siRNA). RNAi might constitute a novel therapeutic approach for @entity5 treatment because researchers can easily design siRNA molecules to inhibit, specifically and potently, the expression of any protein involved in @entity5 initiation and progression. Despite all the potential of siRNA as a novel class of drugs, the limited cellular uptake, low biological stability, and unfavorable pharmacokinetics of siRNAs have limited their application in the clinic. Indeed, blood nucleases easily degrade naked siRNAs, and the kidneys rapidly eliminate these molecules. Furthermore, at the level of target cells, the negative charge and hydrophilicity of siRNAs strongly impair their cellular internalization. Therefore, the translation of siRNA to the clinical setting is highly dependent on the development of an appropriate delivery system, able to ameliorate siRNA pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties. In this regard, major advances have been achieved with lipid-based nanocarriers sterically stabilized by @entity968 ( @entity970 ), such as the stabilized nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALP). However, @entity970 has not solved all the major problems associated with siRNA delivery. In this Account, the major problems associated with PEGylated lipid-based nanoparticles, and the different strategies to overcome them are discussed. Although @entity970 has revolutionized the field of nanocarriers, cumulative experience has revealed that upon repeated administration, PEGylated liposomes lose their ability to circulate over long periods in the bloodstream, a phenomenon known as accelerated blood clearance. In addition, PEGylation impairs the internalization of the siRNA into the target cell and its subsequent escape from the endocytic pathway, which reduces biological activity. An interesting approach to overcome such limitations relies on the design of novel exchangeable @entity970 -derivatized lipids. After systemic administration, these lipids can be released from the nanoparticle surface. Moreover, the design and synthesis of novel cationic lipids that are more fusogenic and the use of internalizing targeting ligands have contributed to the emergence of novel lipid-based nanoparticles with remarkable transfection efficiency.

title: Lipid-based nanoparticles for siRNA delivery in XXXX therapy: paradigms and challenges.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Impaired linear growth has been reported in @entity1 treated during childhood with allogeneic stem cell transplantation and fractionated total body irradiation (fTBI). The objective of this study was to determine the final height and body mass index (BMI) achieved. Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity1778 were included and surveyed for more than 5 years. Median age at follow-up was 24.3 years (range, 18.9-35.8) and median follow-up time from allograft was 14.4 years (range, 4.5-21.9). Mean height standard deviation score (s.d.s.) at final examination (-1.1    1.3,) was significantly lower than at fTBI (0.3    1.2; P = .001). Final height s.d.s. was significantly correlated with age at diagnosis, age at fTBI, and target height (P = .001; P < .001; P < .001, respectively). Final height was significantly lower in @entity1 transplanted before age 5 (P = .006). Growth hormone treatment (n = 6) had only a modest effect on growth velocity. Mean BMI at follow-up was normal at 19.6 kg/m(2) for @entity1 and 21.2 for @entity1 , but with a significant decrease since allograft only for @entity1 (-1.2    1.5 s.d.s.) (P = .003). In conclusion, final height is decreased; BMI is normal but decreased from fTBI in @entity1 .

title: Final height and body mass index after fractionated total body irradiation and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: The role of community-based @entity5 support groups (CSGs) in helping @entity1 cope with @entity5 is well known. Recently, online CSGs have become a viable alternative to traditional CSGs. The purposes of this study were to determine if categories of responses on Internet @entity5 support groups (ICSGs) differ when the majority of the @entity1 were of a single gender, and whether response categories seen on gender-specific ICSGs were different than those on ICSGs used equally by @entity1 and @entity1 . A line-by-line analysis of postings on prostate, breast, and mixed ICSGs were analyzed and responses categorized. Four categories (information giving/seeking; encouragement/support; personal opinion; and personal experience) accounted for approximately 80% of responses across the groups. Information giving/seeking was ranked first in the prostate group, and personal experience took priority in the breast group. @entity1 were more than twice as likely to give information and @entity1 more than twice as likely to give encouragement and support. One category (prayer), identified in the mixed group, was lacking in the prostate and breast groups, and an activism category was added to the prostate group. Categorical responses differed by gender (chi 2 = 79.40, P < .0001). Attention should be given to facilitating the entry of underserved groups into ICSGs. Future research should explore the relationship between ICSG membership and variables such as @entity308 , survival time, and quality of life.

title: Gender differences on Internet XXXX support groups.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Men', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current treatment standard of infected infrainguinal prosthetic vascular grafts includes total graft explantation and autologous vascular reconstruction. In the absence of appropriate autologous venous graft material prosthetic grafts with increased bacterial resistance can be used, whereas reinfection rates are still higher than after autologous reconstruction. Biosynthetic grafts have shown @entity282 rates when used as elective bypass material. Their higher resistance to @entity2348 could make them an alternative to replace infected prosthetic grafts in the absence of autologous material. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between November 2009 and April 2011, 7 @entity1 with infected infrainguinal prosthetic grafts (Szilagyi 3; 3 supragenicular and 4 infragenicular reconstructions) presented to our institution. There were 4 early (< 3 months after implantation) and 3 late infections (> 3 months after implantation. All grafts were explanted and replaced by biosynthetic grafts ( @entity1605  ), because the @entity1 had no suitable peripheral vein for complete autologous replacement. In 2 cases a composite graft with greater saphenous vein was done. In 6 cases microbiological cultures from intraoperatively obtained species were positive. The initial broad spectrum antibiotic therapy was continued according to the antibiogram for 6 to 12 weeks. RESULTS: There was no early or late reinfection during follow up (mean 9 months, range 4 - 20 months). During follow up we observed graft occlusions in 3 @entity1 (1 due to kinking of the bypass, 1 due to progressive @entity432 of the outflow vessels and 1 iatrogenic by external compression with a pressure cuff during arthroscopy). There were no early or late major amputations. One @entity1 died with @entity55 11 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of appropriate autologous material biosynthetic grafts seem to be a possible alternative to replace infected infrainguinal grafts. The different mechanical properties of biosynthetic grafts may be of certain disadvantage in infragenicular reconstructions.

title: Use of biosynthetic prosthesis ( XXXX  ) to replace infected infrainguinal prosthetic grafts--first results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Omniflow II']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artheriosclerotic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['low postoperative infection']

answer: @entity1605 :: (OMIM:217000,Disease) :: ['Omniflow II']


abstract: @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) deposits as amyloid fibrils in the musculoskeletal system of @entity1 undergoing long-term dialysis treatment as a result of @entity177 . Previous work has shown that @entity8863 binding causes @entity2262 to organize into nativelike dimers and tetramers that precede amyloid formation. @entity8863 is then released from higher-order oligomers before mature @entity8863 -free amyloid fibrils are formed. While some of the @entity8863 -induced structural changes that enable @entity2262 self-assembly are starting to be revealed, the details of how the @entity8863 binding site evolves from the monomer to the dimers and tetramers are not known. Here, we report results from three mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods that provide insight into the changing Cu- @entity2262 interactions. We find that monomeric @entity2262 binds @entity8863 via the N-terminal @entity6115 , the @entity6346 of Gln2, His31, and @entity2574 59. In the dimer and tetramer, @entity2574 59 is no longer bound to @entity8863 , but the other residues still comprise a well-defined albeit weaker binding site that is better able to release @entity8863 . Consistent with this is the observation that a fraction of the tetrameric species no longer binds @entity8863 at this weakened binding site, which agrees with a previous report that suggested the tetramer as the first @entity8863 -free oligomer. Our results also provide some insight into structural changes caused by @entity8863 binding that facilitate oligomer formation. Specifically, binding by @entity2574 59 in the monomer requires significant movement of this residue, and we propose that this repositioning is important for establishing a pair of dimer-stabilizing salt bridges between this residue and Lys19. We also find evidence that @entity8863 binding in the N-terminal region of the monomer repels Arg3, which likely allows this residue to form a pair of dimer-stabilizing salt bridges with @entity367 16. Overall, our measurements suggest that the previously proposed conformational switch caused by @entity8863 binding includes not only a cis-trans isomerization at Pro32 but also the repositioning of residues that are critical for the formation of new electrostatic interactions.

title: Copper binding to XXXX and its pre-amyloid oligomers.

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['Beta-2-microglobulin', 'beta2m']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

answer: @entity2262 :: (567,Gene) :: ['beta-2-microglobulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report the clinical features of the first case of a Japanese @entity1 with @entity19477 . CASE: A 44-year-old @entity1 complained of photopsia and @entity227 in her right eye, and was treated with @entity230 for @entity1596 by an ophthalmologist. She was referred to our hospital for further examination. After one month of treatment, she still complained of photopsia in her right eye. The best corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 0.8 and these was sensitivity loss in the central visual field test. Ophthalmoscopy and @entity941 angiography showed some @entity4816 in the right eye. A full-field electroretinogram demonstrated a negative-type electroretinogram (ERG) waveform with attenuation of the b-wave amplitude in the right eye. A dark adaptation test revealed sensitivity loss of the rods. The lymph nodes on the right side of her neck were examined and the diagnosis was made of metastic @entity320 with unknown primary site; her @entity227 was diagnosed as @entity19477 . The retinal @entity32 improved after @entity479 treatment, but her @entity227 remained. Chemotherapy and an immunotherapy regimen was begun, but 36 months later she died of @entity320 in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity1 treated for @entity1596 without any prior @entity2194 was diagnosed with @entity19477 and @entity320 in the cervical lymph nodes of unknown primary origin. The first ocular symptoms were photopsia and @entity227 , not @entity15535 . ERG was useful for diagnosing this rare ocular condition in an early stage.

title: [ XXXX with unknown primary site in a Japanese @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'person']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual dysfunction', 'blurred vision']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['systemic and ocular diseases']

entities_list: @entity15535 :: ('MESH:D009755', 'Disease') :: ['night blindness']

entities_list: @entity19477 :: ('MESH:D059545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma-associated retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity19477 :: (MESH:D059545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma-associated retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We report the clinical features of the first case of a Japanese @entity1 with @entity19477 . CASE: A 44-year-old @entity1 complained of photopsia and @entity227 in her right eye, and was treated with @entity230 for @entity1596 by an ophthalmologist. She was referred to our hospital for further examination. After one month of treatment, she still complained of photopsia in her right eye. The best corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 0.8 and these was sensitivity loss in the central visual field test. Ophthalmoscopy and @entity941 angiography showed some @entity4816 in the right eye. A full-field electroretinogram demonstrated a negative-type electroretinogram (ERG) waveform with attenuation of the b-wave amplitude in the right eye. A dark adaptation test revealed sensitivity loss of the rods. The lymph nodes on the right side of her neck were examined and the diagnosis was made of metastic @entity320 with unknown primary site; her @entity227 was diagnosed as @entity19477 . The retinal @entity32 improved after @entity479 treatment, but her @entity227 remained. Chemotherapy and an immunotherapy regimen was begun, but 36 months later she died of @entity320 in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity1 treated for @entity1596 without any prior @entity2194 was diagnosed with @entity19477 and @entity320 in the cervical lymph nodes of unknown primary origin. The first ocular symptoms were photopsia and @entity227 , not @entity15535 . ERG was useful for diagnosing this rare ocular condition in an early stage.

title: [ @entity19477 with unknown primary site in a Japanese XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: This study was conducted to examine the usefulness of endoscopic transpapillary procedure in post-cholecystectomy bile duct stricture and postcholecystectomy bile leakage. Endoscopic transpapillary procedure was performed in 18 cases of post-cholecystectomy bile duct stricture and 6 cases of @entity9834 . In the bile duct stricture cases, the @entity1 were assessed for the stricture by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC), and then underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) for tube stent insertion. The stents was replaced every 3 to 6 months, and the treatment was continued until the @entity1 became stent-free. Successful therapy was defined as a stent-free condition without @entity99 . In the bile leakage cases, the leakage was located by ERC and EST was performed. Then, endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tube was inserted at the proximal side of the bile leakage, and the therapeutic outcome was defined as successful if disappearance of the leakage was confirmed by cholangiography at a later date. Endoscopic transpapillary procedure was 100% successful in both post-cholecystectomy bile duct stricture cases (18/18) and @entity9834 cases (6/6). There was no accident due to the treatment. Restricture occurred in 5.5% (1/18) of the @entity1 , but additional therapy was successful and the stent was removed. Also, there was no accident due to endoscopic transpapillary procedure. Endoscopic transpapillary procedure in postcholecystectomy bile duct stricture and postcholecystectomy bile leakage was demonstrated to be a less invasive, safe, and useful method.

title: The usefulness of endoscopic transpapillary procedure in post-cholecystectomy bile duct stricture and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9834 :: ('MESH:D017562', 'Disease') :: ['post-cholecystectomy bile leakage']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disorder']

answer: @entity9834 :: (MESH:D017562,Disease) :: ['post-cholecystectomy bile leakage']


abstract: The remarkable morphinic capacities of endogenous opioid peptides give these agents particular and interesting properties. They can be found on different locations throughout the @entity1 body, where they bind to specific receptors. By means of various agonists and antagonists it was shown that endogenous opioids possibly play a prominent role in the control of hypophyseal secretions. The menstrual cycle is thought to represent one of the most important phenomena in which these agents are involved. In the presence of a @entity134 -sufficient environment (that is to say, in the luteal phase) @entity4545 exerts a tonic inhibition on the secretion of GnRH and thereby on the LH-release. Moreover, the regulation of prolactin is probably under the control of endorphins interfering via @entity935 ( @entity2761 ). It becomes possible to explain a number of @entity1866 in this manner. The increased plasma concentrations of @entity4545 , which are found after physical exercise, give rise to speculations as to their involvement in the frequently appearing @entity1866 in @entity1 athletes. The hypothesis proposing prolactin as being entirely responsible for these phenomena is unconvincing. We believe that endogenous opioid peptides could have a possible inhibitory effect on the GnRH-LH-axis. At this moment, methodological inaccuracies and differences of various studies make it very difficult to arrive at any firm conclusion.

title: Endogenous opioid peptides in the control of the normal menstrual cycle and their possible role in athletic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual irregularity', 'menstrual dysfunctions']

answer: @entity1866 :: (MESH:D008599,Disease) :: ['menstrual irregularities']


abstract: These guidelines propose a treatment algorithm in which @entity1 are evaluated regularly for @entity1295 using a brief screening instrument, and are treated as indicated by their @entity1295 level. The algorithm's goal is to identify and treat all @entity1 with @entity1295 that causes distress or interferes with their daily activities or functioning. Management of @entity1295 begins with primary oncology team members who perform the initial screening and either provide basic education and counseling or expand the initial screening to a more focused evaluation for moderate or higher levels of @entity1295 . At this point the @entity1 is assessed for current disease and treatment status, a review of body systems, and an in-depth @entity1295 evaluation. In addition, the @entity1 is assessed for the presence of seven treatable factors known to contribute to @entity1295 : @entity158 , @entity25 , @entity417 , alterations in nutrition, deconditioning, and comorbidities. If any of these conditions are present, they should be treated according to practice guidelines, with referral to other care professionals as appropriate, and the @entity1 's @entity1295 should be reevaluated regularly. If none of the seven factors are present or the @entity1295 is unresolved, selection of appropriate @entity1295 management and treatment strategies is considered within the context of the @entity1 's clinical status: receiving active cancer treatment, receiving disease-free long-term follow-up, or receiving care at the end of life. Management of @entity1295 is cause-specific when conditions known to cause @entity1295 can be identified and treated. When specific causes, such as infection, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, or @entity299 , cannot be identified and corrected, nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment of the @entity1295 should be considered. Nonpharmacologic interventions may include a moderate exercise program to improve functional capacity and activity tolerance, psychosocial programs to manage stress and increase support, restorative therapies to decrease cognitive alterations and improve mood state, and nutritional and sleep interventions for @entity1 with disturbances in eating or sleeping. Pharmacologic therapy may include drugs, such as antidepressants for @entity308 or @entity1307 for @entity417 . A few clinical reports of the use of psychostimulants suggest the need for further research on these agents as potential treatment modalities in managing @entity1295 . Effective management of @entity5 involves an informed and supportive oncology care team that assesses @entity1 ' @entity1295 levels regularly and systematically, educates and counsels @entity1 regarding strategies for coping with @entity1295 , and uses institutional @entity1295 management experts for referral of @entity1 with unresolved @entity1295 .

title: XXXX . Clinical practice guidelines in oncology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related fatigue']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer-related fatigue']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to determine predictors of acute hospital costs in @entity1 presenting with acute @entity385 to an @entity4207 center using a @entity64 management team to coordinate care. METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were prospectively collected on 191 @entity1 consecutively admitted with acute @entity385 . @entity1 were classified by insurance status, premorbid modified Rankin scale, @entity64 location, @entity64 severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score), and presence of comorbidities. Detailed hospital charge data were converted to cost by application of department-specific cost-to-charge ratios. Physician's fees were not included. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was computed to determine the predictors of total hospital cost. RESULTS: Median length of stay was 6 days (range, 1 to 63 days), and mortality was 3%. Median hospital cost per discharge was  4408 (range,  1199 to  59 799). Fifty percent of costs were for room charges, 19% for @entity64 evaluation, 21% for medical management, and 7% for acute rehabilitation therapies. Sixteen percent were admitted to an intensive care unit. Length of stay accounted for 43% of the variance in total cost. Other independent predictors of cost included @entity64 severity, heparin treatment, @entity955 , male sex, @entity63 @entity299 , and premorbid functional status. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the major predictors of acute hospital costs of @entity64 in this environment are length of stay, @entity64 severity, @entity299 , male sex, and use of heparin. Room charges accounted for the majority of costs, and attempts to reduce the cost of @entity64 evaluation would be of marginal value. Efforts to reduce acute costs should be monitored for potential cost shifting or a negative impact on quality of care.

title: Predictors of acute hospital costs for treatment of @entity385 in an XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['academic']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to determine predictors of acute hospital costs in @entity1 presenting with acute @entity385 to an @entity4207 center using a @entity64 management team to coordinate care. METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were prospectively collected on 191 @entity1 consecutively admitted with acute @entity385 . @entity1 were classified by insurance status, premorbid modified Rankin scale, @entity64 location, @entity64 severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score), and presence of comorbidities. Detailed hospital charge data were converted to cost by application of department-specific cost-to-charge ratios. Physician's fees were not included. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was computed to determine the predictors of total hospital cost. RESULTS: Median length of stay was 6 days (range, 1 to 63 days), and mortality was 3%. Median hospital cost per discharge was  4408 (range,  1199 to  59 799). Fifty percent of costs were for room charges, 19% for @entity64 evaluation, 21% for medical management, and 7% for acute rehabilitation therapies. Sixteen percent were admitted to an intensive care unit. Length of stay accounted for 43% of the variance in total cost. Other independent predictors of cost included @entity64 severity, heparin treatment, @entity955 , male sex, @entity63 @entity299 , and premorbid functional status. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the major predictors of acute hospital costs of @entity64 in this environment are length of stay, @entity64 severity, @entity299 , male sex, and use of heparin. Room charges accounted for the majority of costs, and attempts to reduce the cost of @entity64 evaluation would be of marginal value. Efforts to reduce acute costs should be monitored for potential cost shifting or a negative impact on quality of care.

title: Predictors of acute hospital costs for treatment of XXXX in an @entity4207 center.

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity409 ( @entity1282 ) is common and disabling after @entity64 , but its impact on long-term prognosis for potential complications and the recovery from swallowing dysfunction remain uncertain. We aimed to prospectively study the prognosis of swallowing function over the first 6 months after @entity64 and to identify the important independent clinical and videofluoroscopic prognostic factors at baseline that are associated with an increased risk of swallowing dysfunction and complications. METHODS: We prospectively assembled an inception cohort of 128 hospital-referred @entity1 with acute first @entity64 . We assessed swallowing function clinically and videofluoroscopically, within a median of 3 and 10 days, respectively, of @entity64 onset, using standardized methods and diagnostic criteria. All @entity1 were followed up prospectively for 6 months for the occurrence of @entity204 , recurrent @entity64 , @entity5837 , recovery of swallowing function, and return to normal diet. RESULTS: At presentation, a swallowing abnormality was detected clinically in 65 @entity1 (51%; 95% CI, 42% to 60%) and videofluoroscopically in 82 @entity1 (64%; 95% CI, 55% to 72%). During the subsequent 6 months, 26 @entity1 (20%; 95% CI, 14% to 28%) suffered a @entity5837 . At 6 months after @entity64 , 97 of the 112 survivors (87%; 95% CI, 79% to 92%) had returned to their prestroke diet. Clinical evidence of a swallowing abnormality was present in 56 @entity1 (50%; 95% CI, 40% to 60%). Videofluoroscopy was performed at 6 months in 67 @entity1 who had a swallowing abnormality at baseline; it showed penetration of the false cords in 34 @entity1 and @entity1173 in another 17. The single independent baseline predictor of @entity5837 during the 6-month follow-up period was a delayed or absent swallowing reflex (detected by videofluoroscopy). The single independent predictor of failure to return to normal diet was delayed oral transit (detected by videofluoroscopy). Independent predictors of the combined outcome event of swallowing impairment, @entity5837 , or @entity1173 at 6 months were videofluoroscopic evidence of delayed oral transit and penetration of contrast into the laryngeal vestibule, age >70 years, and male sex. CONCLUSIONS: Swallowing function should be assessed in all @entity64 @entity1 because swallowing dysfunction is common, it persists in many @entity1 , and complications frequently arise. The assessment of swallowing function should be both clinical and videofluoroscopic. The clinical and videofluoroscopic features at presentation that are important predictors of subsequent swallowing @entity66 are videofluoroscopic evidence of delayed oral transit, a delayed or absent swallow reflex, and penetration. These findings require validation in other studies.

title: Swallowing function after XXXX : prognosis and prognostic factors at 6 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and complications']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Swallowing dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest infection']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no gold standard on how national @entity378 programs should design retreatment regimens. Often drug susceptibility testing (DST) is not available for all @entity1 , and representative DST patterns in @entity1 populations are used to guide therapy. OBJECTIVES: To examine DST patterns in different @entity1 populations based on previous treatment and to estimate the number of effective anti- @entity378 agents in several retreatment regimens. METHODS: We reviewed DST results from @entity1 treated with individualized regimens in Peru between January 1998 and July 2004. We stratified @entity1 into four groups based on previous treatment exposure from Group 1 who had failed only one regimen to Group 4 who had failed three regimens. We compared resistance frequencies across the four groups. In Groups 1 and 3, the number of likely effective agents under six possible retreatment regimen scenarios was estimated. RESULTS: Resistance to second-line drugs was significantly higher in groups with more previous courses of treatment. A few retreatment regimens could be identified that would allow at least 80% of @entity1 to receive at least four likely effective drugs. CONCLUSION: Because it is associated with resistance frequencies, previous treatment exposure can serve to guide the design of non-individualized @entity6371 regimens.

title: Representative drug susceptibility patterns for guiding design of retreatment regimens for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['MDR-TB']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some studies have reported @entity716 symptom exacerbation during "pharmacologic challenge" paradigms using @entity935 agonists. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of these agonists on neurocognitive functions in @entity1 with @entity161 . This study assessed the effects of @entity2727 infusion on an oral word production test with demonstrated @entity75 , and on clinical state. METHODS: @entity1 were tested at two different phases; at the onset of their first-episode of @entity161 (acute phase), and then again after they had responded to treatment and were clinically stable (stabilization phase). During each phase, @entity1 were tested prior to and following @entity2727 infusion. Symptom clusters (i.e., positive, negative, and disorganization) were formed from @entity12269 and SADS-C (+PD) ratings at each of these four timepoints. RESULTS: @entity1 produced significantly more words at preinfusion and while stabilized, suggesting that overall, decreased @entity935 activity was associated with better word production. Redundant errors (i.e., perseverations of previously mentioned words and production of multiple words with the same roots) increased significantly following infusion in the stabilized phase. Disorganization symptoms increased significantly following infusion, regardless of study phase. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with previous theoretical and empirical findings relating @entity935 activity to verbal output, a "redundancy bias" in cognitive control, and exacerbation of disorganization symptoms.

title: Longitudinal assessment of @entity2727 effects on oral word production and symptoms in first-episode XXXX at acute and stabilized phases.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sensitivity to frontal lobe lesions']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some studies have reported @entity716 symptom exacerbation during "pharmacologic challenge" paradigms using @entity935 agonists. Few studies, however, have examined the effects of these agonists on neurocognitive functions in @entity1 with @entity161 . This study assessed the effects of @entity2727 infusion on an oral word production test with demonstrated @entity75 , and on clinical state. METHODS: @entity1 were tested at two different phases; at the onset of their first-episode of @entity161 (acute phase), and then again after they had responded to treatment and were clinically stable (stabilization phase). During each phase, @entity1 were tested prior to and following @entity2727 infusion. Symptom clusters (i.e., positive, negative, and disorganization) were formed from @entity12269 and SADS-C (+PD) ratings at each of these four timepoints. RESULTS: @entity1 produced significantly more words at preinfusion and while stabilized, suggesting that overall, decreased @entity935 activity was associated with better word production. Redundant errors (i.e., perseverations of previously mentioned words and production of multiple words with the same roots) increased significantly following infusion in the stabilized phase. Disorganization symptoms increased significantly following infusion, regardless of study phase. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are consistent with previous theoretical and empirical findings relating @entity935 activity to verbal output, a "redundancy bias" in cognitive control, and exacerbation of disorganization symptoms.

title: Longitudinal assessment of XXXX effects on oral word production and symptoms in first-episode @entity161 at acute and stabilized phases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of further radiotherapy among @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 that recurs in a previously irradiated area is controversial. Presented is a review of our 7-year experience with brachytherapy for recurrent soft tissue @entity242 . METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of 26 @entity1 who underwent perioperative brachytherapy between 1990 and 1997 for recurrent soft tissue @entity242 . In all cases, the @entity242 recurred within a previously irradiated field. After-loading brachytherapy catheters were placed at the time of surgical extirpation of the @entity242 within a single-plane implant by use of 1-cm intercatheter spacing. Insertion of the radioactive 192Ir wire was delayed until the fifth to seventh postoperative day to allow initial wound healing. The prescribed dose rate for the 192Ir wire ranged between 50 and 80 cGy an hour, and the dose was specified at 0.5 cm from the plane of the implant. The anatomic locations treated included lower extremity (N = 10), @entity2045 (N = 7), trunk (N = 7), and head and neck (N = 2). RESULTS: Total @entity5 extirpation, confirmed by negative frozen section margins, was accomplished in all cases. The mean dose of external-beam irradiation received before brachytherapy was 55.6 Gy +/- 1.8 Gy (range, 30.0 to 70.3 Gy). The mean dose of radiation prescribed at the implant procedure was 47.2 Gy +/- 1.6 Gy (range, 11.0 to 50.0 Gy). A tissue transfer flap was placed over the bed of resection in 13 cases. Complications occurred in five @entity1 including, three with wound breakdown, one with @entity2530 , and with @entity9 . Operative intervention was required in four of the five @entity1 with complications; each of the @entity1 requiring operative intervention for wound-related complications had undergone primary wound closure without tissue transfer. Recurrence of disease occurred in 13 @entity1 : nine local and four distant @entity3 . The median follow-up was 16 months (range, 2 to 73 months). The 5-year local recurrence-free, distant recurrence-free, disease-free, and overall survival rates after brachytherapy were 52%, 75%, 33%, and 52%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Re-irradiation of recurrent soft tissue @entity242 by brachytherapy in conjunction with resection can be performed with acceptable complication rates. Local control can be achieved for the majority of @entity1 who would otherwise require more radical surgical procedures.

title: Re-resection with brachytherapy for locally recurrent soft tissue XXXX arising in a previously radiated field.

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify factors that could lead to optimization of the management of @entity979 ( @entity979 ) which remains equivocal and controversial. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In order to determine factors that influence @entity979 prognosis, a series of 76 consecutive @entity1 from 12 European centers with histologically proven @entity5 was retrospectively reviewed. The clinical records and material for histologic review were available in all cases. Follow-up was achieved in 90% of cases. RESULTS: According to WHO classification, there were 19 @entity979 , 28 intermediate and mixed @entity979 , and 29 @entity979 . According to a four-grade institutional classification, there were 11 Grade 1, 27 Grade 2, 20 Grade 3, and 18 Grade 4. Surgical resection was attempted in 44 @entity1 , whereas 30 had biopsy only. In one case, diagnosis was made at autopsy and in another on spinal deposits. Forty-four @entity1 were irradiated following surgery, 15 @entity1 received chemotherapy. Forty-one @entity1 were alive (median follow-up: 85 months); 9 @entity1 died perioperatively; 26 @entity1 relapsed. Univariate analysis showed a good outcome correlated with age above 20 years, @entity5 diameter less than 25 mm, and low-grade histology. Multivariate analysis confirmed histology and @entity5 volume to be significant independent prognostic factors. The extent of surgery and radiotherapy had no clear influence on survival. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the prognostic features of @entity979 and may help to determine treatment strategies based on radiologic and pathologic characteristics.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathological study of 76 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineoblastomas', 'pineal parenchymal tumors', 'pineocytomas', 'PPT']

answer: @entity979 :: (MESH:D010871,Disease) :: ['Parenchymal pineal tumors']


abstract: Most mortalities caused by @entity0 are due to @entity3 . A @entity0 gives rise to lymphatic spread, which is at the origin of @entity13849 involvement, and to distant dissemination, usually through the bloodstream. @entity13849 involvement, which generally occurs before metastatic dissemination, appears not to be the cause of the dissemination but rather an index of the likelihood of a @entity5 to metastasize. This likelihood is influenced by the histological grade and the growth rate of the @entity5 . Despite the variations in biological characteristics of @entity0 and the likelihood of metastatic dissemination, the existence of a relationship between @entity5 size and the probability of metastatic dissemination enables the calculation of how many disseminations could be avoided through early diagnosis and thus the gain in @entity1 life that screening could hope to achieve. However, in reality, the effective gain is lesser because the rate of participation is lower than 100% and the existence of false negatives (undetected @entity5 ) reduces the number of detected @entity5 . Furthermore, a high rate of false positives increases the @entity148 of @entity1 because they provoke unnecessary examinations. Screening is worthwhile only if the increase in @entity1 life outweighs the economic and social costs ( @entity148 , going to appointments) that it may produce. It is therefore necessary to improve the benefits (fewer false negatives) and to decrease the social and psychological costs (fewer false positives). This can be done by the implementation of rigorous quality assurance, systematic training of health care personnel, a follow-up of @entity1 who have been screened, and an annual assessment of screening results. Screening in France since 1994 has shown a marked improvement since the implementation of guidelines prepared by the national screening committee which emphasize the need for quality control and ongoing training of staff. However, the results vary greatly from one county to another and are often below European standards, although some regions in France are close to achieving these. This shows that the system of screening in France, despite its organization involving many private and public radiology departments, can give results equal to those in countries in which screening is performed by a small number of specialized units. The French system requires regional structures of orientation and evaluation. To be effective, these structures must be guided by written legislation and regulations, otherwise they will be unable to overcome the difficulties currently faced by the implementation of mass screening.

title: [Benefits and limitations of mass screening. The natural history of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: For improving the anti- @entity683 vaccination efficacy, the choice of strains carrying up dated @entity689 antigen (NA) and the introduction of the optimal amount of NA antigen in the vaccine are critical. Monoclonal antibodies prepared against the @entity689 N2 of A/Beijing/32/92 showed NA inhibition (NI) and neutralized (Nt) the cells infection by @entity683 virus either at an early stage (group 2 antibodies inhibit virus binding to cells) or at a late stage of infection (group 1 antibodies inhibit virus release). The specificity of the neutralization test is restricted to the homologous variant whereas the NI specificity is much broader. When both group 1 and group 2 antibodies are tested together, their neutralizing activity is significantly increased. The emergence in 1997 of an avian strain H5N1 in @entity1 @entity281 at Hong Kong (Strain A/Hong-Kong/156/97) rose the threat of pandemic. The H5N1 strain carried H5 HA which is not recognized by the @entity1 immune system, but N1 might be related to other N1 antigens belonging to avian, @entity1707 and @entity1 strains. So we 1) characterized the N1 antigen from H5N1 in comparison with other known antigens, 2) we looked for anti N1 (H5N1) antibodies in @entity1 according to the age and the vaccination status, 3) we checked the neutralizing activity of anti N1 antibodies. The N1 antigen (H5N1) appeared closely related to N1 from @entity1707 strains: Sw/31 correlated itself to the @entity778 (1918-19), and more recent @entity1707 isolates from 1982 and 1989. The anti N1 (H5N1) antibodies were present in sera collected from 75+ years old @entity1 and these N1 antibodies were neutralizing H5N1 cells infection. Consequently, 75+ years old @entity1 do not represent a priority group for vaccination in the case of H5N1 pandemic conditions.

title: [Role of antineuraminidase antibodies in protection against XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['pandemic spanish virus']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infections']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: In a previous study, we evaluated efficacy of repeated antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) treatment for @entity1 with severe @entity2150 not responding to an initial ALG treatment or relapsing after initial response to ALG. We now searched in the same cohort of @entity1 for differences between @entity1 who responded to treatment and remained free of complications and those who relapsed or developed a @entity2214 . From 107 @entity1 surviving for more than 1 year after immunosuppression, 34 remained free from complications after the first course of ALG, and 73 presented an event defined as relapse of @entity2150 , development of a @entity2214 such as @entity7965 , @entity2590 or @entity1778 , or appearance of a solid @entity5 . We compared these two groups for survival, clinical performance and blood counts during follow-up. Survival probability was 93% for the event-free @entity1 , and 55% for the @entity1 with a complication event (p = 0.0003). Event-free @entity1 had a higher incidence of complete remission (71%), were more often free of immunosuppressive treatment (79%) and independent of transfusions (100%), and had a higher Karnofsky score (91% with a score > or =90%) as compared to the group with events (29, 37, 67, 48%; p < or = 0.0002). At 1 and 3 years, event-free @entity1 had significantly higher leukocyte and neutrophil counts, as compared to @entity1 with a complication (p < 0.05). However, at 3 and 5 years, event-free @entity1 had borderline higher platelet counts (p = 0.056, p = 0.078) and hemoglobin (p = 0. 097, p = 0.061). The coefficient of variation as an expression of the variability of the results in each group was systematically lower at 3, 5 and 10 years in the group of event-free @entity1 . Despite some differences between the two groups, our data support the hypothesis that @entity1 with long-lasting remissions should not be considered as definitively cured of @entity2150 .

title: Predictive factors for cure after immunosuppressive therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal complication']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: The cat cry (cri du @entity4268 ) syndrome is a rare @entity154 due to partial deletion of the short arm of the No. 5 chromosome. Since the first report of Lejeune et al, in 1963, nearly 400 cases have been reported. However, the syndrome with a ring chromosome is still very rare and only 10 cases were reported up to 1988, since the first report of Rohde and Tompkins in 1965. To investigate the chromosomal changes in the @entity1 of @entity48992 , a chromosomal study was carried out on 10 cases of @entity48992 from 5,870 cases submitted to the Laboratory of Cytogenetics, National Taiwan University Hospital from Nov. 1968 through Apr. 1988. These ten cases included 3 males and 7 females (M:F = 1:2.3) aged 2 days to 18 months with an average of 5.5 months. The most common clinical features are: cat-like cry, growth failure, @entity4242 with @entity1032 , round face with @entity2122 including @entity5766 , downward slanting palpebral fissures, @entity4239 and @entity6787 , and simian crease. @entity12203 or underdevelopment of the larynx may be a factor causing the cat-like cry. On chromosome analysis, 8 out of these 10 cases showed the usual simple deletion of the short arm of the no. 5 chromosome, and the other 2 cases revealed ring chromosome including a case of pure ring chromosome([(4, XY, r (5)] and a case of mosaicism with one ring chromosome, 2 ring chromosomes and simple deletion of the short arm of the No. 5 chromosome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The cat cry (cri du XXXX ) syndrome: report of a case with review of 10 cases at the National Taiwan University Hospital].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['facial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity6787 :: ('MESH:C537239', 'Disease') :: ['low-set ears']

entities_list: @entity12203 :: ('MESH:D055092', 'Disease') :: ['Laryngomalacia']

entities_list: @entity48992 :: ('MESH:D003410', 'Disease') :: ['cat cry syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

answer: @entity4268 :: (8063,Species) :: ['chat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of sacral root neuromodulation with that of conservative management in ameliorating symptoms of refractory urinary urge @entity322 and enhancing quality of life, to assess the objective response to neuromodulation as revealed by urodynamic testing, and to delineate the long-term outcomes of neuromodulation. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 with refractory urge @entity322 were randomized to undergo neuromodulation with an implantable impulse generator (n = 21) or to continue their prior conservative management (n = 23). At 6 months the control group was eligible for crossover to implant. @entity1 evaluation included voiding diaries, quality of life questionnaires, urodynamic testing, and documentation of adverse events. Long-term follow-up evaluations were conducted at 6-month intervals up to 36 months. RESULTS: At 6 months mean leakage episodes, leakage severity and pad usage in the implant group were significantly lower by 88% (p < 0.0005), 24% (p = 0.047) and 90% (p < 0.0005), respectively, than the corresponding control group mean values. Improvements in leakage episodes and pad usage of >/=90% were attained by 75 and 85% of the implant group, respectively, but none of the control group. One third of implant @entity1 , but none of the control @entity1 , achieved >/=50% improvement in leakage severity. Over half of the implant @entity1 (56%) were completely dry compared with 1 control @entity1 (4%). Implant @entity1 , but not control @entity1 , exhibited significant improvement with respect to two quality of life measures. Neuromodulation resulted in increases of 220% (p < 0.0005) and 39% (p = 0.013), respectively, in urodynamically assessed bladder volume at first contraction and maximum fill. At 36 months the actuarial rate of treatment failure was 32.4% (95% CI, 17.0-56.0%). Adverse events most frequently involved @entity158 at the implant site, and the incidence of serious complications was low. CONCLUSIONS: Neuromodulation is markedly more effective than conservative management in alleviating symptoms of refractory urge @entity322 . Quality of life and urodynamic function are also improved by neuromodulation. The effects of neuromodulation are long-lasting, and associated morbidity is low.

title: Sacral root neuromodulation in the treatment of refractory urinary urge XXXX : a prospective randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Remarkably little is known about folliculogenesis in the @entity235 . Objectives were to characterise (1) changes in follicle/oocyte diameter and granulosa cell number and (2) localisation of @entity24976 and @entity72385 during @entity235 ovarian follicle development. Fourteen ovarian pairs were excised and processed for histological evaluation. Two to four serial sections/bitch were stained with @entity1710 , and follicle/oocyte diameters and granulosa cell number were determined at each developmental stage. Mean follicle and oocyte size were compared among stages by one-way analysis of variance. Relationships between follicle and oocyte size and granulosa cell number were determined using correlation and regression analysis, respectively. Another eight serial sections/bitch were processed for immunostaining to determine @entity24976 and @entity72385 localisation. Primordial and primary follicles were similar in size, but smaller than the progressively increasing (p < 0.05) diameter of the later stages. Oocyte diameter gradually increased (p < 0.05) among oocytes derived from primordial, primary, secondary and early antral follicles with no difference (p > 0.05) thereafter. Oocyte size and granulosa cell number increased (p < 0.01) with follicular diameter. Except during anoestrus, @entity24976 occurred in oocytes and granulosa cells of primordial to secondary follicles. In adult bitches, @entity72385 was localised in granulosa cells of primary and secondary follicles and also occurred in the theca layer of antral follicles during prooestrus and oestrus. In summary, folliculogenesis in the domestic @entity235 occurs in two phases: pre-antral phase characterised by increasing follicle size in association with oocyte growth and granulosa cell proliferation and antral phase linked with marked granulosa cell proliferation and accumulation of antral cavity fluid. Finally, the temporal localisation pattern of @entity24976 implies its role in follicular activation, whereas @entity72385 activities appear related to later folliculogenesis.

title: Follicular morphology, oocyte diameter and localisation of fibroblast growth factors in the domestic XXXX ovary.

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: In a prospective study, the impact of refilling @entity154 at the tibial tuberosity and patella on extensor mechanism complaints was studied after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a bone-tendon-bone ligament graft. A conventional cannulated drill was sued in @entity1 of group 1 (n = 62), and an oscillating hollow saw was used in group 2 (n = 70) for drilling and removing bone material from the tibial tunnel. On completing the procedure in the @entity1 in group 2, the bone material removed was inserted into the bony @entity154 at the tibial tuberosity and the patella. In both groups, the extensor mechanism was closed using loose sutures. Both groups underwent the same postoperative therapy regimen. All @entity1 underwent clinical and radiographic follow-up after approximately 34 months. In this follow-up, no differences with regard to knee function as assessed by the IKDC rating scale and KT-1000 measurements were found between the 2 groups. The rate of mild to severe patellofemoral complaints was 31% (41 @entity1 ). Complaints related to the @entity154 as assessed by kneeling and squatting on the operated knee were described by 25 @entity1 (18.9%). No significant difference between the groups with and without refilling of the @entity154 was observed, and the overall subjective ratings on a visual analog scale (VAS) (0 = no @entity158 , 10 = severe @entity158 ) for kneeling and squatting were 5.57 and 3.69, respectively. Follow-up time was identified as the critical parameter for problems related to the extensor mechanism, such as complaints in kneeling and squatting, with hardly any problems observed after 2 years. On the other hand, anterior knee @entity158 correlated significantly with the residual limitation of motion.

title: XXXX : impact on extensor mechanism complaints after use of a bone-tendon-bone graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['removal defects']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Refilling of removal defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The treatment of Stanford type B aortic dissections involving the arch or associated with proximal @entity449 remains a surgical challenge. We report our results with total arch replacement with the stented @entity7105 trunk (SET) procedure for these complicated Stanford type B aortic dissections. METHODS: Between December 2003 and June 2008, 31 @entity1 were admitted for complicated type B dissection (12 acute, 19 chronic). The mean age at operation was 44.3 +/- 10.6 years (range: 22-68 years). The surgeries were performed by using total arch replacement combined with SET implantation. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed before discharge as well as 3 months and annually to evaluate the condition of the graft and the residual false lumen. RESULTS: The procedure was successful in all but two @entity1 ; two @entity1 died of @entity881 following surgery. No @entity451 was observed after surgery. Follow-up was completed in 27 of 29 @entity1 and the mean follow-up period was 18.4 +/- 12.3 months (range: 6-54 months). During follow-up CT scans, @entity715 formation was observed in the descending aortic false lumen excluded by the stented graft in most @entity1 . One @entity1 died during follow-up while two @entity1 with @entity1614 underwent successful operations for replacement of the remaining descending and abdominal aorta. CONCLUSION: Total arch replacement with the SET procedure has emerged as a viable option for complicated type B dissections and is associated with low morbidity and mortality. At mid-term follow-up, most @entity1 have either thrombosed or have had no further increase in the false lumen of the descending aorta.

title: Total arch replacement with stented XXXX trunk technique: a proposed treatment for complicated Stanford type B aortic dissection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: Two approaches were used to demonstrate proteolysis of reovirus in the intestine of the neonatal @entity19 . The first approach utilized peroral inoculation of radiolabeled virus into neonatal @entity19 ; the intestinal washings were harvested at 0 to 30 min postinoculation. The virus recovered from the intestinal washings was electrophoresed in @entity2975 to determine whether proteolytic digestion of viral proteins had occurred. Complete loss of sigma 3 and generation of the mu 1c cleavage product delta demonstrated that digestion occurred within 10 to 30 min after the inoculation, resulting in the rapid generation of intermediate subviral particles (ISVPs). The products formed resembled those seen when the virus is digested in vitro with chymotrypsin. The second approach took advantage of the fact that ISVPs grow in cells treated with @entity8777 , whereas intact virus does not grow under these conditions (L. J. Sturzenbecker, M. Nibert, D. Furlong, and B. N. Fields, J. Virol. 61:2351-2361, 1987). Thus, assaying virus for its ability to grow in @entity8777 -treated cells represents a means of ascertaining whether the samples contain ISVPs. Using this approach, we demonstrated that up to 8 h postinoculation ISVPs predominate in the intestinal tissue and in the intestinal lumen. Between 8 and 15 h postinoculation, there is a loss in the proportion of ISVPs in the tissue so that by 15 h postinoculation ISVPs are no longer detectable in intestinal tissue washed of lumen contents and virus. In contrast, the lumen of the intestine contains some ISVPs at all times postinoculation. Thus, after peroral inoculation, the @entity1 reoviruses are converted to proteolytically cleaved virus, suggesting that proteolysis plays an important role in @entity281 in the gastrointestinal tract.

title: Proteolytic digestion of reovirus in the intestinal lumens of neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of infection']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Although @entity229 has been used to treat @entity1 with @entity1000 , its efficacy has not been rigorously studied. We therefore randomly assigned 102 @entity1 to either treatment with @entity229 (60 mg per day) or a control group. At three months, improvement, defined prospectively as an increase in the ejection fraction of greater than or equal to 5 percentage points, was observed in 53 percent of the @entity1 receiving @entity229 and 27 percent of the controls (P = 0.005). The mean (+/- SE) ejection fraction increased 4.3 +/- 1.5 percentage points (from 17.9 +/- 1.0 to 22.2 +/- 1.6 percent) in the @entity229 group, as compared with 2.1 +/- 0.8 percentage points (from 17.1 +/- 1.1 to 19.3 +/- 1.4 percent) in the control group (P = 0.054). All @entity1 were categorized prospectively in two separately randomized subgroups. "Reactive" @entity1 (n = 60) were those who had fibroblastic (n = 36) or lymphocytic (n = 2) infiltration or immunoglobulin deposition (n = 16) on endomyocardial biopsy, a positive @entity2719 scan (n = 7), or an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (n = 18). "Nonreactive" @entity1 (n = 42) had none of these features. At three months, 67 percent of the reactive @entity1 who received @entity229 had improvement, as compared with 28 percent of the reactive controls (P = 0.004). Nonreactive @entity1 did not improve significantly with @entity229 (P = 0.51). After three months, reactive @entity1 who received @entity229 daily were switched to alternate-day therapy (60 mg every other day), and after six months the improvement seen earlier was no longer present. These data suggest that @entity1 with @entity1000 may have some improvement when given a high dose of @entity229 daily. However, the increases in the ejection fraction that we observed during @entity229 treatment were small, their duration was limited, and the side effects were important. Overall, @entity229 was judged to have only marginal clinical benefit, and should not be administered as standard therapy for @entity384 .

title: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of XXXX for @entity384 .

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: Although @entity229 has been used to treat @entity1 with @entity1000 , its efficacy has not been rigorously studied. We therefore randomly assigned 102 @entity1 to either treatment with @entity229 (60 mg per day) or a control group. At three months, improvement, defined prospectively as an increase in the ejection fraction of greater than or equal to 5 percentage points, was observed in 53 percent of the @entity1 receiving @entity229 and 27 percent of the controls (P = 0.005). The mean (+/- SE) ejection fraction increased 4.3 +/- 1.5 percentage points (from 17.9 +/- 1.0 to 22.2 +/- 1.6 percent) in the @entity229 group, as compared with 2.1 +/- 0.8 percentage points (from 17.1 +/- 1.1 to 19.3 +/- 1.4 percent) in the control group (P = 0.054). All @entity1 were categorized prospectively in two separately randomized subgroups. "Reactive" @entity1 (n = 60) were those who had fibroblastic (n = 36) or lymphocytic (n = 2) infiltration or immunoglobulin deposition (n = 16) on endomyocardial biopsy, a positive @entity2719 scan (n = 7), or an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (n = 18). "Nonreactive" @entity1 (n = 42) had none of these features. At three months, 67 percent of the reactive @entity1 who received @entity229 had improvement, as compared with 28 percent of the reactive controls (P = 0.004). Nonreactive @entity1 did not improve significantly with @entity229 (P = 0.51). After three months, reactive @entity1 who received @entity229 daily were switched to alternate-day therapy (60 mg every other day), and after six months the improvement seen earlier was no longer present. These data suggest that @entity1 with @entity1000 may have some improvement when given a high dose of @entity229 daily. However, the increases in the ejection fraction that we observed during @entity229 treatment were small, their duration was limited, and the side effects were important. Overall, @entity229 was judged to have only marginal clinical benefit, and should not be administered as standard therapy for @entity384 .

title: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial of @entity229 for XXXX .

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of left @entity75 encircling pulmonary veins (PV) guided by EnSite-NavX and double-Lasso technique for @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 (male 19, mean age of 48.5 years +/- 11.4 years) with symptomatic @entity955 were enrolled. After a geometry of the left atrium was reconstructed by EnSite-NavX system, PV ostia were marked on the map based on venography. Two Lasso catheters were placed within the ipsilateral superior and inferior PVs. Irrigated radiofrequency energy was applied at 0.5-1.0 cm of distance from the PV ostia. @entity75 was done to obtain the disappearance of pulmonary vein potentials. @entity1 were on @entity2779 and @entity4687 for three months after the procedure. RESULTS: The endpoint for ablation was reached in 21 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 was not successful because of @entity2293 . The mean procedure time was 6.6 h +/- 1.3 h and the mean X-ray exposure time was 56.1 min +/- 18.0 min. After a mean 5.3 months +/- 2.7 months of follow-up, 10 @entity1 were free of symptoms. Two @entity1 had no @entity955 recurrence after the second procedure. Three @entity1 had clinical recurrence of @entity955 in the first month. The total success rate in this study was 81% (17/21). Mortality was 0% and the overall complication rate was about 9% (2/22). CONCLUSION: Left atrium circumferential linear ablation surrounding PV ostia guided by EnSite-NavX and double-Lasso technique is effective in @entity955 , but some @entity1 will need more than one procedure in order to achieve a success.

title: [Left @entity75 encircling pulmonary veins guided by EnSite-NavX and double-Lasso technique for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Continuous linear lesion', 'atrium linear lesion']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'PAF']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of left @entity75 encircling pulmonary veins (PV) guided by EnSite-NavX and double-Lasso technique for @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 (male 19, mean age of 48.5 years +/- 11.4 years) with symptomatic @entity955 were enrolled. After a geometry of the left atrium was reconstructed by EnSite-NavX system, PV ostia were marked on the map based on venography. Two Lasso catheters were placed within the ipsilateral superior and inferior PVs. Irrigated radiofrequency energy was applied at 0.5-1.0 cm of distance from the PV ostia. @entity75 was done to obtain the disappearance of pulmonary vein potentials. @entity1 were on @entity2779 and @entity4687 for three months after the procedure. RESULTS: The endpoint for ablation was reached in 21 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 was not successful because of @entity2293 . The mean procedure time was 6.6 h +/- 1.3 h and the mean X-ray exposure time was 56.1 min +/- 18.0 min. After a mean 5.3 months +/- 2.7 months of follow-up, 10 @entity1 were free of symptoms. Two @entity1 had no @entity955 recurrence after the second procedure. Three @entity1 had clinical recurrence of @entity955 in the first month. The total success rate in this study was 81% (17/21). Mortality was 0% and the overall complication rate was about 9% (2/22). CONCLUSION: Left atrium circumferential linear ablation surrounding PV ostia guided by EnSite-NavX and double-Lasso technique is effective in @entity955 , but some @entity1 will need more than one procedure in order to achieve a success.

title: [Left XXXX encircling pulmonary veins guided by EnSite-NavX and double-Lasso technique for @entity955 ].

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['atrium linear lesion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to confirm the poor prognosis related to thoracic aortic plaques, in particular @entity2333 , diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and to evaluate @entity1 ' prognosis as a function of the antithrombotic treatment. BACKGROUND: @entity1856 ( @entity1856 ) has been widely studied. However, it is still not known which antithrombotic treatment should be adopted in this disease. METHODS: @entity1 referred for TEE and diagnosed with @entity1856 were followed. All @entity1031 events and @entity204 were recorded during a follow-up of 22+/-10 months. The antithrombotic treatment to be adopted was left to the discretion of the practitioner in charge of the @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1856 was found in 12% of all TEE performed and in 27.5% of TEE performed for @entity64 . This prevalence was higher when no other etiology existed to explain the @entity64 (p < 0.001). During follow-up, an end point occurred in 22.5% of @entity1 . The more severe the @entity1856 the greater the incidence of events (p = 0.007). A higher mortality rate is shown in @entity1 with @entity2333 (p = 0.049). Compared with those treated with oral anticoagulants, @entity1 with aortic plaques >4 mm thick treated with antiplatelets had more @entity887 and combined events (p = 0.01 and p = 0.007, relative risk [RR] = 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4 to 15, respectively); @entity1 with @entity2333 had more combined events and a higher mortality rate (p = 0.001, RR = 7.1, 95% CI = 1.2 to 19 and p = 0.019, RR = 9.1, 95% CI = 1.2 to 25, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We confirm the high incidence of vascular events and @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity1856 . We have demonstrated, for the first time in this condition, a better outcome among @entity1 treated with oral anticoagulants versus antiplatelets.

title: Atherosclerosis of the thoracic aorta and XXXX as a marker of poor prognosis: benefit of oral anticoagulants.

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic debris']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic atheroma', 'AA']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic debris']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 represents the principal cause of @entity204 in the many societies. Since few data have been published about the composition of @entity1718 in @entity731 arteries such as the aorta comparing to the non affected internal mammary artery which is used for aortocoronary bypass grafting, we compared the @entity844 profiles of @entity731 aorta and internal mammary arteries in @entity1 individuals. METHODS: Twenty-one angiographically documented @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 who were admitted to the open heart surgery division enrolled in this study. They were operated electively for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). Small segments of ascending aorta and internal mammary arteries were sampled during open heart surgery. The samples were subjected to lipid extraction and @entity844 analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The results showed that different @entity844 profiles were seen in the aorta and internal mammary arteries. The @entity731 aorta contained lower amounts of @entity1474 (including trans isomer of @entity3952 ) and higher proportions of saturated fats comparing to the internal mammary. In the aorta also, the amounts of omega6 series of @entity1718 were more and levels of omega3 fats were less than the internal mammary. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that modification of @entity1718 may play a role during atherogenesis.

title: Comparison of XXXX profiles of aorta and internal mammary arteries in @entity1 with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 represents the principal cause of @entity204 in the many societies. Since few data have been published about the composition of @entity1718 in @entity731 arteries such as the aorta comparing to the non affected internal mammary artery which is used for aortocoronary bypass grafting, we compared the @entity844 profiles of @entity731 aorta and internal mammary arteries in @entity1 individuals. METHODS: Twenty-one angiographically documented @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 who were admitted to the open heart surgery division enrolled in this study. They were operated electively for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG). Small segments of ascending aorta and internal mammary arteries were sampled during open heart surgery. The samples were subjected to lipid extraction and @entity844 analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The results showed that different @entity844 profiles were seen in the aorta and internal mammary arteries. The @entity731 aorta contained lower amounts of @entity1474 (including trans isomer of @entity3952 ) and higher proportions of saturated fats comparing to the internal mammary. In the aorta also, the amounts of omega6 series of @entity1718 were more and levels of omega3 fats were less than the internal mammary. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that modification of @entity1718 may play a role during atherogenesis.

title: Comparison of @entity844 profiles of aorta and internal mammary arteries in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']