abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk adjustment models were used to estimate health care consumption after adjusting for individual characteristics or other factors. The results of this technique were not satisfying. One reason could be that the length of time to document consumption might be associated with the mean and variance of observed health care consumption. This study aims to use a simplified mathematical model and real-world data to explore the relationship of observation time (one or two years) and predictability. METHODS: This study used cross-sectional (one-year) and 2-year panel data sets of the @entity910 ( @entity910 ) from 1996 to 2008. Comparisons of the health care consumption (total health expenditure, emergency room (ER) and office-based visits) included ratios of means and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ). Risk adjustment models for one- and two-year data used generalized linear model. RESULTS: The ratios of mean health care consumption (two-year to one-year total expenditure, ER and office-based visits) seemed to be two in most age groups and the ratios of @entity2246 varied around or above two. The R-squared of two-year models seemed to be slightly better than that of one-year models. CONCLUSIONS: We find health expenditure and ER or office-based visits observed in two consecutive years were about twice those observed in a single year for most age, similar to the ratios predicted in mathematical examples. The ratios of mean spending and visits varied across age groups. The other finding is that the predictability of two-year consumption seems better than that of one-year slightly. The reason is not clear and we will continue studying this phenomenon.

title: Risk adjustment and observation time: comparison between cross-sectional and 2-year panel data from the XXXX ( @entity910 ).

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['MEPS', 'Medical Expenditure Panel Survey']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['SEs', 'standard errors']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['Medical Expenditure Panel Survey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk adjustment models were used to estimate health care consumption after adjusting for individual characteristics or other factors. The results of this technique were not satisfying. One reason could be that the length of time to document consumption might be associated with the mean and variance of observed health care consumption. This study aims to use a simplified mathematical model and real-world data to explore the relationship of observation time (one or two years) and predictability. METHODS: This study used cross-sectional (one-year) and 2-year panel data sets of the @entity910 ( @entity910 ) from 1996 to 2008. Comparisons of the health care consumption (total health expenditure, emergency room (ER) and office-based visits) included ratios of means and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ). Risk adjustment models for one- and two-year data used generalized linear model. RESULTS: The ratios of mean health care consumption (two-year to one-year total expenditure, ER and office-based visits) seemed to be two in most age groups and the ratios of @entity2246 varied around or above two. The R-squared of two-year models seemed to be slightly better than that of one-year models. CONCLUSIONS: We find health expenditure and ER or office-based visits observed in two consecutive years were about twice those observed in a single year for most age, similar to the ratios predicted in mathematical examples. The ratios of mean spending and visits varied across age groups. The other finding is that the predictability of two-year consumption seems better than that of one-year slightly. The reason is not clear and we will continue studying this phenomenon.

title: Risk adjustment and observation time: comparison between cross-sectional and 2-year panel data from the @entity910 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['MEPS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unaccompanied refugee minors (URMs) have high levels of @entity146 symptoms, and concerns for their access to mental health services have been raised. From the mid-2000s, an increasing number of asylum-seeking URMs, mainly adolescent @entity1 from Afghanistan, have been referred to the @entity1 _ Adolescent Psychiatry emergency unit in Malm  , Sweden. The aim of the study was to compare inpatient @entity146 care between URMs and non-URMs. FINDINGS: All admissions in 2011 at the emergency unit were identified and divided into URMs (n   =   56) and non-URMs (n   =   205). On the basis of unique @entity1 ' first treatment occasion, a group level analysis was performed on gender, age, treatment duration, additional treatment occasions/ @entity1 , involuntary care, involuntary care by gender, and @entity1479 -10 principal diagnosis. To retrieve further sample characteristics, a questionnaire was administered to the physicians responsible for admitting @entity1 in 2011. More URMs than non-URMs exhibited self-harm or suicidal behaviour in conjunction with referral. 86% of URMs were admitted with symptoms relating to stress in the asylum process. In the catchment area, 3.40% of the URM population received inpatient care and 0.67% inpatient involuntary care, compared to 0.26% and 0.02% respectively of the non-URM population, both comparisons p   <   0.001. There were more @entity1 in the URM group (95%) compared to the non-URM group (29%). A difference in use of involuntary care disappeared after adjusting for gender. No differences were found in diagnoses except for @entity6004 (F40-48), which were more common in the URM group. CONCLUSION: From an epidemiological perspective, URMs were overrepresented in inpatient @entity146 care.

title: Overrepresentation of unaccompanied refugee minors in inpatient XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective   This study aims to investigate the effects of antenatal @entity2399 on intestinal blood flow in preterm neonates. Study Design   In this prospective case-match study, 25 preterm neonates exposed to @entity2399 antenatally were included (study group). Overall, 25 gestational age-matched neonates who had no exposure to @entity1760 constituted the control group. Serial daily Doppler flow measurements of @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) were performed. The time to reach full feeds, first meconium passage were assessed. Presence of feeding intolerance or @entity3166 was recorded. Results   Blood flow velocities of @entity6029 were not different between the groups during the first five postnatal days. However, @entity6029 blood flow showed an increasing trend in the control group unlike the study group (control group, p   <   0.001; study group, p   =   0.29). There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the time to reach full feeds or first meconium passage and presence of feeding intolerance. No case of @entity3166 was seen. Conclusion   Antenatal @entity1760 does not significantly affect intestinal blood flow, but it seems to attenuate the increasing trend of the intestinal blood flow in the early postnatal days. However, this study failed to show any impact of this finding on clinical outcomes.

title: Effects of Antenatal XXXX Exposure on Intestinal Blood Flow and Outcome in Preterm Neonates.

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12767 ( @entity12767 ) are encouraged to get vaccinated during @entity683 pandemics to reduce their own, and @entity1 ', risk of @entity281 , and to encourage their @entity1 to get immunised. Despite extensive research on @entity12767 ' receipt of vaccination, little is known about how @entity12767 articulate pandemic @entity683 vaccination advice to @entity1 . AIMS: To explore @entity12767 ' uptake of the A/H1N1 vaccine during the pandemic of 2009-2010, their recommendations to @entity1 at the time, and their anticipated choices around @entity683 vaccination under different pandemic scenarios. METHOD: We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with eight vaccinated and seventeen non-vaccinated @entity12767 from primary care practices in England. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: The @entity12767 constructed their receipt of vaccination as a personal choice informed by personal health history and perceptions of vaccine safety, while they viewed @entity1 ' vaccination as choices made following informed consent and medical guidelines. Some @entity12767 received the A/H1N1 vaccine under the influence of their local practice organizational norms and values. While non-vaccinated @entity12767 regarded @entity1 ' vaccination as @entity1 ' choice, some vaccinated @entity12767 saw it also as a public health issue. The non-vaccinated @entity12767 emphasised that they would not allow their personal choices to influence the advice they gave to @entity1 , whereas some vaccinated @entity12767 believed that by getting vaccinated themselves they could provide a reassuring example to @entity1 , particularly those who have concerns about @entity683 vaccination. All @entity12767 indicated they would accept vaccination under the severe pandemic scenario. However, most non-vaccinated @entity12767 expressed reticence to vaccinate under the mild pandemic scenario. CONCLUSIONS: Providing evidence-based arguments about the safety of new vaccines and the priority of public health over personal choice, and creating strong social norms for @entity683 vaccination as part of the organizational culture, should increase uptake of @entity683 vaccination among primary care @entity12767 and their @entity1 .

title: Accounting for personal and professional choices for pandemic XXXX vaccination amongst English healthcare workers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity12767 :: ('MESH:D000382', 'Disease') :: ['HCWs', 'Healthcare workers']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Duodenal diverted sleeve gastrectomy with ileal interposition (DDSG-II) is a bariatric-metabolic operation designed to treat @entity6 ( @entity6 ). It is restrictive (SG) but also acts on the small bowel with functional effects. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether or not it is also a malabsorptive operation. METHODS: Twelve @entity28 @entity1 (9 female and 3 male) affected by @entity6 had DDSG-II. Follow-up was every 3 months, and the results after 1 year are reported here. Clinical conditions, related to @entity6 and @entity3147 , changes in weight, body mass index, fasting glucose plasma levels, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin %), basal insulin, vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin D, total proteins, albumin, and hemoglobin were recorded. Basal plasma levels of @entity30361 (pg/mL) and of 7a-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) ( g/dL) were also determined for the diagnosis of @entity1125 . The results were expressed as mean  SEM, and the differences between times compared by the Mann Whitney U test; P<.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: After 1 year, all @entity1 had a significant @entity353 (-33.2  3 kg) with @entity6 remission according to the American @entity6 Association criteria (11), criteria. No significant changes in total proteins, albumin, hemoglobin, and vitamins (B6, B12, and D) were detected. C4 did not change after the operation (2  .5   g/dL versus 1.6  .5   g/dL), whereas @entity30361 significantly increased (from 85  11.2 pg/mL to 166.4  28.2 pg/mL, P<.04). Only 2 @entity1 had mild symptoms of @entity8884 . CONCLUSIONS: DDSG-II is effective for treatment of @entity6 @entity1 , increases the enterokine @entity30361 , and does not cause @entity1125 .

title: Duodenal diverted sleeve gastrectomy with ileal interposition does not cause XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'T2DM obese', 'diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary salt malabsorption']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['biliary salt malabsorption']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the arrival of the universal definition of @entity583 more sensitive troponin assays have been developed. How these occurrences have influenced the proportions and clinical features of the components of @entity1187 have not been studied prospectively in unselected hospital @entity1 . METHODS: During 2010 we evaluated all @entity1 in whom cardiac troponin I had been measured at a single university hospital. The diagnosis of @entity583 ( @entity583 [ @entity583 ] or @entity583 [ @entity583 ]) was established in cases of a rise and/or fall of cardiac troponin I together with cardiac ischemic features. @entity1 with unstable chest discomfort and cardiac troponin I values below the decision limit of @entity583 were diagnosed as having @entity1459 . The definition of @entity1187 included @entity1459 , @entity583 , and @entity583 . Mortality data were obtained from the Danish Civil Personal Registration System. RESULTS: Of 3762 consecutive @entity1 , 516 had @entity1187 . Unstable @entity951 was present in 7%, @entity583 in 67%, and @entity583 in 26%. The @entity583 @entity1 were older, more frequently @entity1 , and had more comorbidities than @entity1 with @entity1459 and @entity583 . At median follow-up of 3.2 years 195 @entity1 had died: 14% of @entity1459 , 45% of @entity583 , and 25% of @entity583 @entity1 . Age-adjusted log-rank statistics revealed differences in mortality: @entity583 vs @entity1459 (P  = .0091) and @entity583 vs @entity583 (P  = .0045). CONCLUSIONS: The application of the universal definition together with the use of a contemporary troponin assay seems to have reduced the proportion of @entity1 with @entity1459 to the benefit of @entity1 with @entity583 . Despite this, @entity583 @entity1 have a sustained higher mortality than @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: Diagnosis of XXXX has declined markedly with the advent of more sensitive troponin assays.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'NSTEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction', 'non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina pectoris']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity245 in teeth (accentuated lines and @entity509 ) have played a critical role in studies of childhood disease, nutrition, weaning, environmental variation, and early mortality. While these enigmatic structures have been lauded for their potential insights into @entity1 evolution, few studies have examined defects in individuals of known histories. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here we document defects in the molars of three wild juvenile @entity831 from the Ta   forest ( @entity831 verus) and compare them with behavioral, epidemiological, and environmental records. RESULTS: Accentuated lines of differing intensities were found throughout molar crown and root growth, and were most common in a juvenile who demonstrated slow skeletal growth and prolonged maternal @entity734 . These defects were observed in association with some but not all injuries and disease outbreaks in this community. A 10-year record of accentuated line frequency across individuals shows a significant negative correlation with rainfall, but does not correlate with fruit availability or reveal significant annual trends. Several @entity509 formed between    0.6 and 5.8 years of age on molar crowns and roots of the three individuals, however, available behavioral and epidemiological records do not explain their causation. DISCUSSION: While teeth may provide precise and accurate records of illness and @entity130 in some cases, inferring seasonal cycles, social stress, or weaning in living or fossil primate dentitions requires additional evidence beyond the presence, absence, or degree of expression of these defects. Studies that microsample bulk and trace elements may provide a more secure context for the interpretation of environmental, physiological, and dietary changes that impact dental tissue formation. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity245 in the teeth of three wild XXXX from the Ta   forest.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental defects']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['Pan troglodytes', 'chimpanzees']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasias']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity831 :: (9598,Species) :: ['chimpanzees']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity245 in teeth (accentuated lines and @entity509 ) have played a critical role in studies of childhood disease, nutrition, weaning, environmental variation, and early mortality. While these enigmatic structures have been lauded for their potential insights into @entity1 evolution, few studies have examined defects in individuals of known histories. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here we document defects in the molars of three wild juvenile @entity831 from the Ta   forest ( @entity831 verus) and compare them with behavioral, epidemiological, and environmental records. RESULTS: Accentuated lines of differing intensities were found throughout molar crown and root growth, and were most common in a juvenile who demonstrated slow skeletal growth and prolonged maternal @entity734 . These defects were observed in association with some but not all injuries and disease outbreaks in this community. A 10-year record of accentuated line frequency across individuals shows a significant negative correlation with rainfall, but does not correlate with fruit availability or reveal significant annual trends. Several @entity509 formed between    0.6 and 5.8 years of age on molar crowns and roots of the three individuals, however, available behavioral and epidemiological records do not explain their causation. DISCUSSION: While teeth may provide precise and accurate records of illness and @entity130 in some cases, inferring seasonal cycles, social stress, or weaning in living or fossil primate dentitions requires additional evidence beyond the presence, absence, or degree of expression of these defects. Studies that microsample bulk and trace elements may provide a more secure context for the interpretation of environmental, physiological, and dietary changes that impact dental tissue formation. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX in the teeth of three wild @entity831 from the Ta   forest.

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['Developmental defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Predicting which @entity1 will develop nodal metastasis from @entity957 ( @entity957 ) remains difficult. This study evaluates a recently described histological risk model validated for mucosal @entity135 ( @entity135 ) when applied to cutaneous @entity5 . In this model, morphologic variables including worst pattern of invasion, lymphocytic host response and perineural invasion were shown to predict disease recurrence, loco regional recurrence and overall survival in mucosal @entity135 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity957 and known metastatic spread were identified from the author's database over a 5-year period between July 2007 and July 2012. Histology specimens from the original primary @entity5 were separately analysed by 2 histopathologists. Scores were compared against T-Stage matched control specimens without metastatic spread. RESULTS: 27 @entity1 with metastatic @entity957 were identified. Scores for worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) were significantly higher in individuals with lymph node @entity3 (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Adverse pattern of invasion, defined as presence of small @entity5 islands or @entity5 satellites may be an independent risk factor for developing nodal @entity3 in @entity957 . These @entity5 are difficult to investigate histopathologically as it is difficult to be confident the correct primary is chosen for study.

title: Predicting lymph node @entity3 in XXXX : use of a morphological scoring system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck SCC', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cSCC', 'cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Predicting which @entity1 will develop nodal metastasis from @entity957 ( @entity957 ) remains difficult. This study evaluates a recently described histological risk model validated for mucosal @entity135 ( @entity135 ) when applied to cutaneous @entity5 . In this model, morphologic variables including worst pattern of invasion, lymphocytic host response and perineural invasion were shown to predict disease recurrence, loco regional recurrence and overall survival in mucosal @entity135 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity957 and known metastatic spread were identified from the author's database over a 5-year period between July 2007 and July 2012. Histology specimens from the original primary @entity5 were separately analysed by 2 histopathologists. Scores were compared against T-Stage matched control specimens without metastatic spread. RESULTS: 27 @entity1 with metastatic @entity957 were identified. Scores for worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) were significantly higher in individuals with lymph node @entity3 (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Adverse pattern of invasion, defined as presence of small @entity5 islands or @entity5 satellites may be an independent risk factor for developing nodal @entity3 in @entity957 . These @entity5 are difficult to investigate histopathologically as it is difficult to be confident the correct primary is chosen for study.

title: Predicting lymph node XXXX in @entity957 : use of a morphological scoring system.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Movement atypicalities in speed, coordination, posture, and gait have been observed across the @entity72 ( @entity72 ) and atypicalities in coordination are more commonly observed in @entity72 individuals without delayed speech (DSM-IV Asperger) than in those with atypical or delayed speech onset. However, few studies have provided quantitative data to support these mostly clinical observations. Here, we compared perceptual and motor performance between 30 typically developing and @entity72 individuals (21 with @entity10791 and 18 without @entity10791 ) to examine the associations between limb movement control and atypical speech development. Groups were matched for age, intelligence, and sex. The experimental design included: an inspection time task, which measures visual processing speed; the Purdue Pegboard, which measures finger dexterity, bimanual performance, and @entity735 ; the Annett Peg Moving Task, which measures unimanual goal-directed arm movement; and a simple reaction time task. We used analysis of covariance to investigate group differences in task performance and linear regression models to explore potential associations between intelligence, language skills, simple reaction time, and visually guided movement performance. @entity72 @entity1 without @entity10791 performed slower than typical @entity1 in the Purdue Pegboard subtests. @entity72 @entity1 without @entity10791 showed poorer bimanual coordination than those with @entity10791 . Visual processing speed was slightly faster in both @entity72 groups than in the typical group. Altogether, these results suggest that @entity72 individuals with and without @entity10791 differ in visually guided and visually triggered behavior and show that early language skills are associated with slower movement in simple and complex motor tasks. @entity2438 Res 2015.    2015 The Authors @entity2438 Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for @entity2438 Research.

title: Comparing Motor Skills in XXXX Spectrum Individuals With and Without @entity10791 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['hand-eye coordination']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'autism spectrum']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['speech delay']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['Autism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Movement atypicalities in speed, coordination, posture, and gait have been observed across the @entity72 ( @entity72 ) and atypicalities in coordination are more commonly observed in @entity72 individuals without delayed speech (DSM-IV Asperger) than in those with atypical or delayed speech onset. However, few studies have provided quantitative data to support these mostly clinical observations. Here, we compared perceptual and motor performance between 30 typically developing and @entity72 individuals (21 with @entity10791 and 18 without @entity10791 ) to examine the associations between limb movement control and atypical speech development. Groups were matched for age, intelligence, and sex. The experimental design included: an inspection time task, which measures visual processing speed; the Purdue Pegboard, which measures finger dexterity, bimanual performance, and @entity735 ; the Annett Peg Moving Task, which measures unimanual goal-directed arm movement; and a simple reaction time task. We used analysis of covariance to investigate group differences in task performance and linear regression models to explore potential associations between intelligence, language skills, simple reaction time, and visually guided movement performance. @entity72 @entity1 without @entity10791 performed slower than typical @entity1 in the Purdue Pegboard subtests. @entity72 @entity1 without @entity10791 showed poorer bimanual coordination than those with @entity10791 . Visual processing speed was slightly faster in both @entity72 groups than in the typical group. Altogether, these results suggest that @entity72 individuals with and without @entity10791 differ in visually guided and visually triggered behavior and show that early language skills are associated with slower movement in simple and complex motor tasks. @entity2438 Res 2015.    2015 The Authors @entity2438 Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for @entity2438 Research.

title: Comparing Motor Skills in @entity2438 Spectrum Individuals With and Without XXXX .

answer: @entity10791 :: (MESH:D007805,Disease) :: ['Speech Delay']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4676 is a @entity245 characterized by the presence of motor and vocal tics. We hypothesized that @entity1 with this syndrome would present an aberrant pattern of cortical formation, which could potentially reflect global alterations of brain development. Using 3 Tesla structural neuroimaging, we compared sulcal depth, opening, and length and thickness of sulcal gray matter in 52 adult @entity1 and 52 matched controls. Cortical sulci were automatically reconstructed and identified over the whole brain, using BrainVisa software. We focused on frontal, parietal, and temporal cortical regions, in which abnormal structure and functional activity were identified in previous neuroimaging studies. Partial correlation analysis with age, sex, and treatment as covariables of noninterest was performed amongst relevant clinical and neuroimaging variables in @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity4676 showed @entity92 and reduced thickness of gray matter in the pre- and post-central as well as superior, inferior, and internal frontal sulci. In @entity1 with associated @entity3119 , additional structural changes were found in temporal, insular, and olfactory sulci. Crucially, severity of tics and of @entity3119 measured by Yale Global Tic severity scale and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale, respectively, correlated with structural sulcal changes in sensorimotor, temporal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and middle cingulate cortical areas. @entity1 with @entity4676 displayed an abnormal structural pattern of cortical sulci, which correlated with severity of clinical symptoms. Our results provide further evidence of abnormal brain development in GTS.    2015 International Parkinson and @entity717 Society.

title: Altered structure of cortical sulci in XXXX : Further support for abnormal brain development.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['lower depth']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4676 :: ('MESH:D005879', 'Disease') :: ['Gilles de la Tourette syndrome']

answer: @entity4676 :: (MESH:D005879,Disease) :: ['gilles de la Tourette syndrome']


abstract: We determined the efficacy of a devitalised autograft (n = 13) and allograft (n = 16) cortical strut bone graft combined with long-stem endoprosthetic reconstruction in the treatment of massive @entity5 of the lower limb. A total of 29 @entity1 (18 @entity1 :11 @entity1 , mean age 20.1 years (12 to 45) with a ratio of length of resection to that of the whole prosthesis of > 50% were treated between May 2003 and May 2012. The mean follow-up was 47 months (15 to 132). The stem of the prosthesis was introduced through bone graft struts filled with cement, then cemented into the residual bone. Bone healing was achieved in 23 @entity1 (86%). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Society functional score was 85% (57 to 97). The five-year survival rate of the endoprostheses was 81% (95% confidence intervals 67.3 to 92.3). The mean length of devitalised autografts and allografts was 8.6 cm (5 to 15), which increased the ratio of the the length of the stem of the prosthesis to that of the whole length of the prosthesis from a theoretical 35% to an actual 55%. Cortical strut bone grafting and long-stem endoprosthetic reconstruction is an option for treating @entity1347 following resection of a @entity5 in the lower limb. @entity1 can regain good function with a low incidence of @entity1349 . The strut graft and the residual bone together serve as a satisfactory bony environment for a revision prosthesis, if required, once union is achieved. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:544-9.

title: Cortical strut bone grafting and long-stem endoprosthetic reconstruction following massive XXXX resection in the lower limb.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['massive segmental defects']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bone tumour']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cryoablation is therapeutically applied for various disorders in several organs, and @entity272 are typical targets as this cryotherapy has been widely used for viral warts, @entity5 , and @entity2517 . The main mechanisms of cryoablation consist of direct freezing effect on skin constituents, @entity715 formation in microcirculation, and subsequent immunological responses. Among them, however, the immunological mechanism remains unelucidated, and it is an issue how the @entity130 induces immunological consequences. We established a @entity19 cryoablation model with liquid @entity1568 applied to the shaved back skin, and used this system to study the immunological excitement. After application of liquid @entity1568 , the thermal decrease ratio was -25  C/sec or less and the lowest temperature was less than -100  C, which was sufficient to induce @entity1066 . Destruction of cornified layer and @entity39 of epidermal cells were observed in transmission electron microscopy image, and increased transepidermal water loss and skin permeability were detected by the functional measurements. By flow cytometry, antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), including PDCA1+B220+ @entity6440 - plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and @entity11805 + myeloid DCs, as well as neutrophils and macrophages were increased in subcutaneous tissue. In parallel, the mRNA expressions of interferon a1 which are known as pDC-producing cytokines, was elevated. We also found marked degranulation of mast cells, providing a possibility that released @entity112 attracts pDCs. Finally, @entity2823 migration assay revealed that pDCs and @entity11805 + DCs emigrated from the cryoablated skin to the draining lymph nodes. Our study suggests that cryoablation induces destruction of the barrier/epidermis, accumulation of pDCs and @entity11805 + DCs to the skin, and migration of DCs to regional lymph nodes. Viral elements or @entity5 cell lysates released from damaged keratinocytes may stimulate the DCs, thereby leading to antiviral or antitumor effect.

title: Structural and Immunological Effects of Skin Cryoablation in a XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2517 :: ('MESH:D055623', 'Disease') :: ['actinic keratosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['direct freezing injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: @entity172 receptor (ER) analyses are widely used in the management of @entity1 with @entity0 . Few data are available concerning variations in ER as a function of time and therapy. We examined @entity1 in whom multiple biopsies and receptor analyses were either performed simultaneously or over time with or without intervening chemotherapy or endocrine therapy. In 27 @entity1 with simultaneous assays from different metastatic sites, concordant results were obtained in 23 (85%) with respect to classifying a @entity5 as ER+ or ER-. In 34 @entity1 , multiple assays were performed over time. The receptor concentrations were concordant in @entity1 receiving no intervening therapy. In 10 @entity1 receiving hormonal therapy, the median receptor concentration changed from 66 femtomoles per mg cytoplasmic protein pretherapy to 8 femtomoles post therapy (P less than 0.05). This change suggested that hormonal therapy selectively eliminates ER+ cells. In 19 @entity1 receiving intervening chemotherapy, the median receptor concentrations pre and post therapy were similar. We conclude that simultaneous assays from multiple metastatic sites are highly concordant and unlikely to change over time without intervening therapy, but marked changes occur following therapy with a decrease in receptor concentration after endocrine therapy.

title: Changes in multiple or sequential XXXX receptor determinations in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: @entity172 receptor (ER) analyses are widely used in the management of @entity1 with @entity0 . Few data are available concerning variations in ER as a function of time and therapy. We examined @entity1 in whom multiple biopsies and receptor analyses were either performed simultaneously or over time with or without intervening chemotherapy or endocrine therapy. In 27 @entity1 with simultaneous assays from different metastatic sites, concordant results were obtained in 23 (85%) with respect to classifying a @entity5 as ER+ or ER-. In 34 @entity1 , multiple assays were performed over time. The receptor concentrations were concordant in @entity1 receiving no intervening therapy. In 10 @entity1 receiving hormonal therapy, the median receptor concentration changed from 66 femtomoles per mg cytoplasmic protein pretherapy to 8 femtomoles post therapy (P less than 0.05). This change suggested that hormonal therapy selectively eliminates ER+ cells. In 19 @entity1 receiving intervening chemotherapy, the median receptor concentrations pre and post therapy were similar. We conclude that simultaneous assays from multiple metastatic sites are highly concordant and unlikely to change over time without intervening therapy, but marked changes occur following therapy with a decrease in receptor concentration after endocrine therapy.

title: Changes in multiple or sequential @entity172 receptor determinations in XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity10841 mustard (melphalan) induced a time- and concentration-dependent arrest of cycling RPMI 6410 cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle as evidenced by flow cytofluorometry. A melphalan exposure of 1 microgram/ml for 1 hr caused a temporary G2 blockage which was overcome by 48 hr. Higher concentrations or longer exposures lead to irreversible blockages. Melphalan caused DNA cross-linking which was monitored by the alkaline elution method. The cross-linking was shown to be between DNA and protein. The degree of DNA cross-linking increased for approximately 4 hr after a 1-hr drug exposure of 1 microgram/ml. At 36 to 48 hr after the drug exposure, the cells overcame the G2 block and were dividing. The DNA cross-links have apparently been repaired as they are no longer detected by alkaline elution. The extent of melphalan cross-linking was dependent on both drug dosage and exposure time. Using a culture medium lacking @entity1522 , it was shown that @entity3601 uptake into RPMI 6410 cells was inhibited by @entity368 , @entity6778 , or @entity1160 . The increased uptake of melphalan and the increased cross-linking in @entity535 -deficient media were reduced by readdition of the aforementioned @entity1522 .

title: XXXX mustard (melphalan) uptake and cross-linking in the RPMI 6410 human lymphoblastoid cell line.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity10841 :: ('CHEBI:58095', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

answer: @entity10841 :: (CHEBI:58095,Chemical) :: ['L-phenylalanine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Virchow-Robin spaces (VRSs) are extensions of subarachnoid spaces that accompany vessels entering the brain. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging detects VRS in about 95 percent of @entity1 in a recent study. VRSs are considered a normal variant with benign prognosis. (1) Occasionally, VRS might become symptomatic causing @entity51 depending on their location. (2) Case description. We report the case of a 55-year-old female @entity1 with dilated VRS presenting with @entity227 and @entity73 . The @entity1 underwent endoscopic fenestration of a large periventricular VRS located next to the visual radiation into the posterior horn of the right lateral ventricle. During the postoperative course, @entity227 were resolved but @entity73 remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Dilated VRSs can cause a variety of @entity51 depending on their size and location. Therefore, @entity1 harboring dilated VRS should undergo early close inspection and in case of progressive @entity51 , an operative therapy should be done; as valve mechanisms can cause a reduction of size when brain scans are conducted and later lead to occurrence of severe @entity51 during phase of dilation.

title: Intermittent XXXX caused by a dilated Virchow-Robin space close to the optic radiation: Therapeutic and pathomechanical considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field disturbances']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual field defects']


abstract: RATIONALE: In @entity454 ( @entity454 ), a condition characterized by fluid overload, both @entity27 (OSA and @entity9472 ) are common. This observation suggests that fluid overload is involved in the pathogenesis of OSA and @entity9472 in this condition. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that fluid removal by ultrafiltration (UF) will reduce severity of OSA and @entity9472 in @entity1 with @entity454 . METHODS: At baseline, on a nondialysis day, @entity1 with @entity454 on thrice-weekly hemodialysis underwent overnight polysomnography along with measurement of total body extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), and ECFV of the neck, thorax, and right leg before and after sleep. The following week, on a nondialysis day, subjects with an @entity27 index (AHI) greater than or equal to 20 had fluid removed by UF, followed by repeat overnight polysomnography with fluid measurements. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (10 @entity1 ) with an AHI greater than or equal to 20 (10 OSA; 5 @entity9472 ) participated. Mean age was 53.5        10.4 years and mean body mass index was 25.3        4.8 kg/m(2). Following removal of 2.17        0.45 L by UF, the AHI decreased by 36% (43.8        20.3 to 28.0        17.7; P   <   0.001) without affecting @entity5507 . The reduction in AHI correlated with the reduction in total body ECFV (r   =   0.567; P   =   0.027) and was associated with reductions in ECFV of the right leg (P   =   0.001), overnight change in ECFV of the right leg (P   =   0.044), ECFV of the thorax (P   =   0.001), and ECFV of the neck (P   =   0.003). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that fluid overload contributes to the pathogenesis of OSA and @entity9472 in @entity454 , and that fluid removal by UF attenuates sleep apnea without altering uremic status.

title: Effect of Ultrafiltration on Sleep Apnea and Sleep Structure in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive and central sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-Stage Renal Disease']


abstract: RATIONALE: In @entity454 ( @entity454 ), a condition characterized by fluid overload, both @entity27 (OSA and @entity9472 ) are common. This observation suggests that fluid overload is involved in the pathogenesis of OSA and @entity9472 in this condition. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that fluid removal by ultrafiltration (UF) will reduce severity of OSA and @entity9472 in @entity1 with @entity454 . METHODS: At baseline, on a nondialysis day, @entity1 with @entity454 on thrice-weekly hemodialysis underwent overnight polysomnography along with measurement of total body extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), and ECFV of the neck, thorax, and right leg before and after sleep. The following week, on a nondialysis day, subjects with an @entity27 index (AHI) greater than or equal to 20 had fluid removed by UF, followed by repeat overnight polysomnography with fluid measurements. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (10 @entity1 ) with an AHI greater than or equal to 20 (10 OSA; 5 @entity9472 ) participated. Mean age was 53.5        10.4 years and mean body mass index was 25.3        4.8 kg/m(2). Following removal of 2.17        0.45 L by UF, the AHI decreased by 36% (43.8        20.3 to 28.0        17.7; P   <   0.001) without affecting @entity5507 . The reduction in AHI correlated with the reduction in total body ECFV (r   =   0.567; P   =   0.027) and was associated with reductions in ECFV of the right leg (P   =   0.001), overnight change in ECFV of the right leg (P   =   0.044), ECFV of the thorax (P   =   0.001), and ECFV of the neck (P   =   0.003). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that fluid overload contributes to the pathogenesis of OSA and @entity9472 in @entity454 , and that fluid removal by UF attenuates sleep apnea without altering uremic status.

title: Effect of Ultrafiltration on Sleep Apnea and Sleep Structure in XXXX with @entity454 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study was to assess the value of a limited @entity5 excision in @entity1823 treated with observation with the goal of preventing, or repairing, a @entity75 and continue an otherwise correct observation. This is a retrospective case review. Each @entity1 was submitted to a complete neuro-radiological work-up for diagnosis including CT, MRI, and angiography if needed of @entity1823 class C. All the cases were submitted to observation and in 16 cases partial targeted surgery was performed. In 10 cases, the procedure involved a targeted @entity5 growing in contact with, or invading, the Fallopius. In four cases, the procedure was a petro-occipital trans-sigmoid approach to remove the intradural portion of @entity5 producing the picture of @entity2850 . In two cases, there was the excision of the bleeding @entity5 surfaces in the outer ear canal. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 20  years. Success was considered the maintenance of observation without the change of class of @entity5 extension. In 13 over 16 cases, the observation could be continued, as it still was the more favorable option between natural and surgical morbidity. In the other three cases, a newly installed paralysis of the 9-10 cranial nerves due to @entity5 growth involved a correction of the strategy to a radical procedure. Partial targeted surgery was directed to cases submitted to observation. It allowed to prevent, or repair, an impending, or @entity16 or the brain stem and to continue the abstentional treatment by keeping the balance between natural and therapy morbidity in favor of observation.

title: Observation and partial targeted surgery in the management of XXXX : a contribution to the multioptional treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neural (VII cranial nerve) or brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['actual damage to the facial nerve']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['brain stem compression']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['tympano-jugular paraganglioma', 'tympano-jugular paragangliomas']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['tympano-jugular paraganglioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The major sources of scar-forming myofibroblasts during @entity1575 are activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and portal fibroblasts (PF). In contrast to well-characterized HSC, PF remain understudied and poorly defined. This is largely due to the facts that isolation of rodent PF for functional studies is technically challenging and that PF cell lines had not been established. To address this, we have generated two polyclonal portal myofibroblast cell lines, RGF and RGF-N2. RGF and RGF-N2 were established from primary PF isolated from adult @entity35 livers that underwent culture activation and subsequent SV40-mediated immortalization. Specifically, @entity71317 / @entity71317 -sorted primary PF were used to generate the RGF-N2 cell line. Both cell lines were functionally characterized by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence, immunoblot and @entity1603 -based proliferation assay. First, immortalized RGF and RGF-N2 cells are positive for phenotypic myofibroblast markers alpha smooth muscle actin, @entity6930 , PF-specific markers @entity4116 , type XV collagen alpha-1 and @entity71317 / @entity71317 , and mesenchymal cell marker @entity33305 / @entity33305 , while negative for HSC-specific markers @entity10944 and lecithin @entity904 acyltransferase. Second, both RGF and RGF-N2 cell lines are readily transfectable using standard methods. Finally, RGF and RGF-N2 cells attenuate the growth of Mz-ChA-1 @entity201 cells in co-culture, as previously demonstrated for primary PF. Immortalized @entity35 portal myofibroblast RGF and RGF-N2 cell lines express typical markers of activated PF-derived myofibroblasts, are suitable for DNA transfection, and can effectively inhibit cholangiocyte proliferation. Both RGF and RGF-N2 cell lines represent novel in vitro cellular models for the functional studies of portal (myo)fibroblasts and their contribution to the progression of @entity1575 .

title: Establishment and Characterization of XXXX Portal Myofibroblast Cell Lines.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity6930 :: ('116510(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['type I collagen alpha-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: @entity263 screening may detect nonprogressive @entity5 , leading to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The potential for overdiagnosis can be assessed from the reservoir of @entity263 in autopsy studies that report @entity263 rates in @entity1 who died of other causes. We aimed to estimate the age-specific incidental @entity5 prevalence from all published autopsy studies. We identified eligible studies by searches of Medline and Embase, forward and backward citation searches and contacting authors. We screened the titles and abstracts of all articles; checked the full-text articles for eligibility and extracted clinical and pathology data using standardized forms. We extracted mean @entity5 prevalence, age-specific @entity5 prevalence and validity measures and then pooled data from all studies using logistic regression models with random effects. The 29 studies included in the review dated from 1948 to 2013. Incidental @entity5 was detected in all populations, with no obvious time trends in prevalence. @entity263 prevalence increased with each decade of age, OR   =   1.7 (1.6-1.8), and was higher in studies that used the Gleason score, OR   =   2.0 (1.1-3.7). No other factors were significantly predictive. The estimated mean @entity5 prevalence increased in a nonlinear fashion from 5% (95% CI: 3-8%) at age <30 years to 59% (95% CI: 48-71%) by age >79 years. There was substantial variation between populations in estimated @entity5 prevalence. There is a substantial reservoir of @entity263 which increases with age. The high risk of overdiagnosis limits the usefulness of @entity263 screening.

title: Prevalence of XXXX : A systematic review of autopsy studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['incidental prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['incidental prostate cancer']


abstract: Background. There has been an increasing interest in the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential surrogate markers of gut @entity6636 in @entity344 . Gut @entity6636 occurs when pathological imbalances in gut bacterial colonies precipitate disease and has been linked to the dysmetabolism of @entity3645 (BA) in the gut. BA metabolites as a result of microbial transformations act as signaling molecules and have demonstrated regulation of intestinal homeostasis through the @entity14646 and FXR receptors by inhibiting @entity32 , preventing pathogen invasion, and maintaining cell integrity. The presence of VOC footprints is the resultant effect to gut microbiome substrate fermentation. Aim. To review the role of the gut microbiome and @entity6741 signaling in intestinal homeostasis and the resultant use of VOCs as potential noninvasive surrogate biomarkers in gut @entity6636 . Methods. A systematic search on PubMed and Medline databases was performed to identify articles relevant to gut @entity6636 , BA metabolism, and VOCs. Conclusions. The host and presence of the gut microbiome appear to regulate the BA pool size. A dysbiotic gut microbiome results in disrupted intestinal homeostasis, which may be reflected by VOCs, differentiating those who are healthy and those with disease.

title: The interplay of the gut microbiome, XXXX , and volatile organic compounds.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['dysbiosis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1274 is a common pathological manifestation in @entity1 affected by @entity1112 . A few cases of interstitial deletions at Xq21 with several different phenotypic characteristics have been described, but to date, a complete molecular characterization of the deletions harboring disease-causing genes is still missing. Thus, the aim of this study is to realize a detailed clinical and molecular analysis of a family affected by @entity393 with @entity717 . RESULTS: Clinical analyses revealed a very complex phenotype that included @entity389 , @entity394 , @entity12705 and @entity2421 with a peculiar pattern of phenotypic variability. Genomic analysis revealed, for the first time, the presence of two close interstitial deletions in the Xq21.1-21.3, harboring 11 protein coding, 9 non-coding genes and 19 pseudogenes. Among these, 3 protein coding genes have already been associated with @entity393 , @entity717 and @entity12705 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study we highlighted the presence of peculiar genotypic and phenotypic details in a family affected by @entity393 with @entity717 . We identified two, previously unreported, Xq21.1-21.3 interstitial deletions. The two rearrangements, containing several genes, segregate with the clinical features, suggesting their role in the pathogenicity. However, not all the observed phenotypic features can be clearly associated with the known genes thus, further study is necessary to determine regions involved.

title: Phenotypic and genetic characterization of a family carrying two Xq21.1-21.3 interstitial deletions associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12705 :: ('MESH:D015794', 'Disease') :: ['choroideremia']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['Sensorineural hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear malformations']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked hearing loss', 'syndromic X-linked hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular problems']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['syndromic hearing loss']


abstract: @entity0 have relatively been rare and accounted for 1% of all primary @entity5 of the breast. Pure and primary @entity511 of the male breast would be an extremely rare @entity5 . It might arise either from the breast stroma itself, or from underlying bone or cartilage. A 65-year-old @entity1 has presented with a rapidly growing breast mass since 5 months. Physical examination has established a large firm to hard mass with regular margins in the region of right breast. There was no @entity3329 . Contrast enhanced MRI of breasts has shown a mixed-signal intensity multi lobulated cystic-solid mass (10.4 cm * 10.3 cm *9.9 cm) appearing predominantly hyper intense on T2W and hypo intense on T1W. The @entity5 has diagnosed as a low-grade @entity511 of the breast by histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis. Right sided radical mastectomy with grafting has done. It has seemed to be very important to identify the mammary primary @entity242 as entity separated from the @entity189 of the breast.

title: Malignant mesenchymal tumor of male breast: primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment with small molecule @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved survival in many @entity5 , yet has been associated with an increased risk of adverse events. Warnings of cardiovascular events are common in drug labels of many TKIs. Despite these warnings, @entity65 of @entity1 treated with TKIs remains unclear. Here, we evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes of @entity5 @entity1 treated with small molecule @entity4149 kinase inhibitors. METHODS: A population based cohort study was undertaken involving adults aged >18 years in Ontario, Canada, diagnosed with any advanced malignancy between 2006 and 2012. Data were extracted from linked administrative governmental databases. Adults with @entity5 receiving TKIs were identified and followed throughout the time period. The main outcomes of interest were rates of hospitalization for @entity741 ( @entity583 and @entity951 ) or @entity64 and @entity204 . RESULTS: 1642 @entity1 with a mean age of 62.5 years were studied; 1046 were treated with @entity3866 , 166 with @entity2857 and 430 with @entity2240 . Over the 380 day median follow-up period (range 6-1970 days), 1.1% of all @entity1 had @entity63 heart events, 0.7% had @entity64 and 72.1% died. Rates of cardiovascular events were similar to age and gender-matched individuals without @entity5 . In a subgroup analysis of treatment @entity1 with a prior history of @entity741 , 3.3% had @entity63 heart events while 1.2% had @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: TKIs do not appear to increase the cause-specific hazard of @entity741 and @entity64 compared to age and gender-matched individuals without @entity5 .

title: @entity65 of multi- XXXX kinase inhibitors in advanced solid @entity5 : a population-based observational study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment with small molecule @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved survival in many @entity5 , yet has been associated with an increased risk of adverse events. Warnings of cardiovascular events are common in drug labels of many TKIs. Despite these warnings, @entity65 of @entity1 treated with TKIs remains unclear. Here, we evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes of @entity5 @entity1 treated with small molecule @entity4149 kinase inhibitors. METHODS: A population based cohort study was undertaken involving adults aged >18 years in Ontario, Canada, diagnosed with any advanced malignancy between 2006 and 2012. Data were extracted from linked administrative governmental databases. Adults with @entity5 receiving TKIs were identified and followed throughout the time period. The main outcomes of interest were rates of hospitalization for @entity741 ( @entity583 and @entity951 ) or @entity64 and @entity204 . RESULTS: 1642 @entity1 with a mean age of 62.5 years were studied; 1046 were treated with @entity3866 , 166 with @entity2857 and 430 with @entity2240 . Over the 380 day median follow-up period (range 6-1970 days), 1.1% of all @entity1 had @entity63 heart events, 0.7% had @entity64 and 72.1% died. Rates of cardiovascular events were similar to age and gender-matched individuals without @entity5 . In a subgroup analysis of treatment @entity1 with a prior history of @entity741 , 3.3% had @entity63 heart events while 1.2% had @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: TKIs do not appear to increase the cause-specific hazard of @entity741 and @entity64 compared to age and gender-matched individuals without @entity5 .

title: XXXX of multi- @entity4149 kinase inhibitors in advanced solid @entity5 : a population-based observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment with small molecule @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has improved survival in many @entity5 , yet has been associated with an increased risk of adverse events. Warnings of cardiovascular events are common in drug labels of many TKIs. Despite these warnings, @entity65 of @entity1 treated with TKIs remains unclear. Here, we evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes of @entity5 @entity1 treated with small molecule @entity4149 kinase inhibitors. METHODS: A population based cohort study was undertaken involving adults aged >18 years in Ontario, Canada, diagnosed with any advanced malignancy between 2006 and 2012. Data were extracted from linked administrative governmental databases. Adults with @entity5 receiving TKIs were identified and followed throughout the time period. The main outcomes of interest were rates of hospitalization for @entity741 ( @entity583 and @entity951 ) or @entity64 and @entity204 . RESULTS: 1642 @entity1 with a mean age of 62.5 years were studied; 1046 were treated with @entity3866 , 166 with @entity2857 and 430 with @entity2240 . Over the 380 day median follow-up period (range 6-1970 days), 1.1% of all @entity1 had @entity63 heart events, 0.7% had @entity64 and 72.1% died. Rates of cardiovascular events were similar to age and gender-matched individuals without @entity5 . In a subgroup analysis of treatment @entity1 with a prior history of @entity741 , 3.3% had @entity63 heart events while 1.2% had @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: TKIs do not appear to increase the cause-specific hazard of @entity741 and @entity64 compared to age and gender-matched individuals without @entity5 .

title: @entity65 of multi- @entity4149 kinase inhibitors in advanced solid XXXX : a population-based observational study.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of @entity66104 ( @entity66104 ) and the changes of intracellular free @entity460 and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of neonatal @entity35 with @entity75 ( @entity75 ), and to investigate the intervention effects of Shenfu injection. METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity35 were randomly assigned to three groups: control, @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and Shenfu-treated. Each group (n=50) was subdivided into 5 groups sacrificed at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours. @entity35 models of @entity75 were prepared according to the @entity579 's method. @entity35 in the control group only underwent the separation of right common carotidartery. Shenfu injection was administered by intraperitoneal injections right after @entity63 insults and then once daily at a dosage of 10 mL/kg for 3 days in the Shenfu-treated group. The expression of @entity66104 in the cerebral cortex was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The free @entity460 concentrations were determined under a fluorescent microscope. The apoptosis rate was measured by the flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the expression levels of @entity66104 in the @entity63 and the Shenfu-treated groups were obviously up-regulated (P<0.05), and the expression levels of @entity66104 in the Shenfu-treated group were notably higher than those in the @entity63 group (P<0.05) at all time points. The concentrations of intracellular free @entity460 and the apoptosis rate of neurons in the cerebral cortex in the Shenfu-treated group were significantly reduced compared with those in the @entity63 group (P<0.05), but increased significantly compared with those in the control group at all time points (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Shenfu injection may have neuroprotective effects against @entity75 by up-regulation of @entity66104 expression and relief of @entity460 overload.

title: [Effects of Shenfu injection on XXXX expression and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of neonatal @entity35 with @entity75 ].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemia', 'HI']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage', 'HIBD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity66104 :: (64202(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['calreticulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of @entity66104 ( @entity66104 ) and the changes of intracellular free @entity460 and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of neonatal @entity35 with @entity75 ( @entity75 ), and to investigate the intervention effects of Shenfu injection. METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity35 were randomly assigned to three groups: control, @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and Shenfu-treated. Each group (n=50) was subdivided into 5 groups sacrificed at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours. @entity35 models of @entity75 were prepared according to the @entity579 's method. @entity35 in the control group only underwent the separation of right common carotidartery. Shenfu injection was administered by intraperitoneal injections right after @entity63 insults and then once daily at a dosage of 10 mL/kg for 3 days in the Shenfu-treated group. The expression of @entity66104 in the cerebral cortex was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The free @entity460 concentrations were determined under a fluorescent microscope. The apoptosis rate was measured by the flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the expression levels of @entity66104 in the @entity63 and the Shenfu-treated groups were obviously up-regulated (P<0.05), and the expression levels of @entity66104 in the Shenfu-treated group were notably higher than those in the @entity63 group (P<0.05) at all time points. The concentrations of intracellular free @entity460 and the apoptosis rate of neurons in the cerebral cortex in the Shenfu-treated group were significantly reduced compared with those in the @entity63 group (P<0.05), but increased significantly compared with those in the control group at all time points (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Shenfu injection may have neuroprotective effects against @entity75 by up-regulation of @entity66104 expression and relief of @entity460 overload.

title: [Effects of Shenfu injection on @entity66104 expression and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of neonatal @entity35 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of @entity66104 ( @entity66104 ) and the changes of intracellular free @entity460 and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of neonatal @entity35 with @entity75 ( @entity75 ), and to investigate the intervention effects of Shenfu injection. METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity35 were randomly assigned to three groups: control, @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and Shenfu-treated. Each group (n=50) was subdivided into 5 groups sacrificed at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours. @entity35 models of @entity75 were prepared according to the @entity579 's method. @entity35 in the control group only underwent the separation of right common carotidartery. Shenfu injection was administered by intraperitoneal injections right after @entity63 insults and then once daily at a dosage of 10 mL/kg for 3 days in the Shenfu-treated group. The expression of @entity66104 in the cerebral cortex was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The free @entity460 concentrations were determined under a fluorescent microscope. The apoptosis rate was measured by the flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the expression levels of @entity66104 in the @entity63 and the Shenfu-treated groups were obviously up-regulated (P<0.05), and the expression levels of @entity66104 in the Shenfu-treated group were notably higher than those in the @entity63 group (P<0.05) at all time points. The concentrations of intracellular free @entity460 and the apoptosis rate of neurons in the cerebral cortex in the Shenfu-treated group were significantly reduced compared with those in the @entity63 group (P<0.05), but increased significantly compared with those in the control group at all time points (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Shenfu injection may have neuroprotective effects against @entity75 by up-regulation of @entity66104 expression and relief of @entity460 overload.

title: [Effects of Shenfu injection on @entity66104 expression and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of neonatal XXXX with @entity75 ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar disc removal is currently the standard treatment for @entity890 . No consensus has been achieved whether aggressive disc resection with curettage (discectomy) versus conservative removal of the offending disc fragment alone (sequestrectomy) provides better outcomes. This study aims to compare the reherniation rate and clinical outcomes between discectomy and sequestrectomy by literature review and a meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library was performed up to June 1, 2014. Outcomes of interest assessing the two techniques included demographic and clinical baseline characteristics, perioperative variables, complications, recurrent herniation rate and post-operative functional outcomes. RESULTS: Twelve eligible trials evaluating discectomy vs sequestrectomy were identified including one randomized controlled study, five prospective and six retrospective comparative studies. By contrast to discectomy, sequestrectomy was associated with significantly less operative time (p<0.001), lower @entity227 ( @entity227 ) for @entity1643 (p<0.05), less post-operative analgesic usage (p<0.05) and better @entity1 ' satisfaction (p<0.05). Recurrent herniation rate, reoperation rate, intraoperative @entity190 , hospitalization duration and @entity227 for sciatica were without significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: According to our pooled data, sequestrectomy entails equivalent reherniation rate and complications compared with discectomy but maintains a lower incidence of recurrent @entity1643 and higher satisfactory rate. High-quality prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to firmly assess these two procedures.

title: Comparison of Discectomy versus Sequestrectomy in XXXX : A Meta-Analysis of Comparative Studies.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analogue scale', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['Lumbar Disc Herniation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the most common causes of @entity158 is @entity3444 ; however, there are other pathologic disorders that can mimic the symptoms and clinical presentation of this disorder. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the prevalence of various pathologic disorders on ultrasound in @entity1 with @entity158 . METHODS: The medical records and diagnostic ultrasound reports of @entity1 presenting with plantar @entity158 between @entity3490 , 2006, and March 31, 2007, were reviewed retrospectively, and the prevalence of various etiologies was collected. The inclusion criteria were based on their clinical presentation of @entity3444 or previous diagnosis of @entity3444 from an unknown source. Ultrasound evaluation was then performed to confirm the clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: We examined 175 feet of 143 @entity1 (62 males and 81 females; age range, 16-79 years). @entity23808 were present in 90 feet (51%). Plantar @entity9156 was diagnosed in 128 feet (73%). @entity23808 and @entity4438 was found in 63 feet (36%). Of the 47 feet that were negative for @entity3444 on ultrasound, 27 (57%) revealed the presence of plantar @entity81 . CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic ultrasound can effectively and safely identify the prevalence of various etiologies of @entity158 . The high prevalence of @entity23808 and @entity4438 cannot be determined by clinical examination alone, and, therefore, ultrasound evaluation should be performed for confirmation of diagnosis.

title: Ultrasound diagnosis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fascial thickening', 'plantar fascial tears']

entities_list: @entity23808 :: ('MESH:C565084', 'Disease') :: ['Coexistent plantar fibroma', 'plantar fibromas', 'Plantar fibromas']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['heel pain', 'proximal plantar heel pain']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['evaluation of plantar heel pain']


abstract: Mature adipocytes can reverse their phenotype to become fibroblast-like cells. This is achieved by ceiling culture and the resulting cells, called @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) cells, are multipotent. Beyond the potential value of these cells for regenerative medicine, the dedifferentiation process itself raises many questions about cellular plasticity and the pathways implicated in cell behavior. This work has been performed with the objective of obtaining new information on adipocyte dedifferentiation, especially pertaining to new targets that may be involved in cellular fate changes. To do so, omental and subcutaneous mature adipocytes sampled from severely @entity28 subjects have been dedifferentiated by ceiling culture. An experimental design with various time points along the dedifferentiation process has been utilized to better understand this process. Cell size, gene and protein expression as well as cytokine secretion were investigated. @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity2289 and @entity7 secretion were increased during dedifferentiation, whereas @entity43500 secretion was transiently increased. A marked decrease in expression of mature adipocyte transcripts ( @entity71318 , @entity5523 and @entity1254 ) was detected early in the process. In addition, some matrix remodeling transcripts ( @entity1941 , @entity5735 , @entity3334 and @entity2533 ) were rapidly and strongly up-regulated. @entity1941 and @entity5735 proteins were simultaneously induced in dedifferentiating mature adipocytes supporting a potential role for these enzymes in adipose tissue remodeling and cell plasticity.

title: Characterization of dedifferentiating human mature adipocytes from the visceral and subcutaneous fat compartments: fibroblast-activation protein alpha and XXXX as major components of matrix remodeling.

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['DFAT', 'dedifferentiated fat']

answer: @entity5735 :: (1803,Gene) :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase 4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present our experience of treatment outcomes in @entity421 @entity1 . METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data related to 74 adult @entity1 with @entity421 from 1995 to 2009. The treatment plan consisted of surgery preceded by neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 74 @entity1 in the study, 58 (78%) were in the 18-29 age group with an overall male-to-female ratio of 3:1. The commonest site of disease was femur, 30 (43%). Of the 66 (89%) @entity1 undergoing definitive surgery, 59 (89.4%) had amputation. The remaining 7 (10.6%) limb salvage operations were in the neo-adjuvant chemotherapy group. Good histopathological response rates in high-dose @entity1499 containing regimens and other regimens were similar with an overall good response rate of 18/51 (35%). The commonest site of relapse was lung.Twelve out of 27 (44%) @entity1 with lung-only @entity3 underwent successful metastatectomy. For @entity1 with @entity66 at presentation 3-year event-free survival was 30%, and 3-year overall survival was 71%. For @entity1 with @entity3 at presentation 3-year overall survival was 45%. Median overall survival for @entity1 receiving high-dose @entity1499 and other regimens was 1.7 years vs 2.9 years. CONCLUSION: @entity421 treated with @entity900 / @entity632 based chemotherapy and surgery had good outcomes. The role of high-dose @entity1499 in @entity421 remains uncertain.

title: Patterns of care and outcomes of XXXX in a tertiary care cancer centre in Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localised disease']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Adult osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma', 'adult osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['adult osteosarcoma']


abstract: @entity1955 (LT), T4, @entity4968 is rarely associated with a severe outcome. However, cases with significant complications have been reported. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with symptoms of @entity4968 including late-onset symptoms. All enquiries to the Danish Poison Information Centre (DPIC) concerning @entity4968 between March 2007 and September 2012 were reviewed and the following parameters were recorded: age, dose, time from ingestion, multiple drug intake and symptoms. To evaluate the frequency of late-onset symptoms, a subgroup of @entity1 without initial symptoms were contacted. A total of 181 @entity1 were registered (112 @entity1 ). Ingested LT dose ranged from 10 to 9000 mcg (median 275 mcg). A total of 29 of 181 (16%) @entity1 were symptomatic at the time of enquiry, and there was no difference in ingested LT dose between asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity1 , neither in @entity1 nor in adults (age 16-92  years) (p  <  0.68 and p  <  0.47, respectively). In total, 153 of 181 (85%) @entity1 did not have symptoms of @entity4968 at the time of enquiry; however, in 9 of 21 (43%) @entity1 , we were able to contact, late-onset symptoms existed. In none of the cases, hospital contact was needed and there were no reports of long-term sequelae. Acute @entity4968 often follows a benign course. The occurrence of symptoms appears not to be dose dependent. Late-onset symptoms seem to be common. However, all symptoms resolved spontaneously without need of medical care.

title: XXXX Poisoning - Symptoms and Clinical Outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['Levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['LT poisoning', 'poisoning']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['Levothyroxine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mutations in @entity28614 are a common cause of @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ). Among the most frequently reported @entity28614 variants, @entity71319 ( @entity24130 ) has been found in both affected and healthy individuals. The pathogenicity of this variant remains controversial since it was detected in homozygosity in two healthy siblings of a Spanish family (S23), eleven years ago. The fact that these individuals remain asymptomatic today, prompted us to study the presence of other pathogenic variants in this family using targeted resequencing of 26 retinal genes in one of the affected individuals. This approach allowed us to identify one novel pathogenic homozygous mutation in exon 13 of @entity27763 ( @entity71320 ; @entity71321 ). This variant cosegregated with the disease and was absent in 200 control individuals. Remarkably, the identified variant in @entity27763 corresponds to the mutation responsible of the @entity2000 in the naturally occurring @entity27763 mutant @entity19 . To our knowledge, this is the first report of the identification of the @entity27763 @entity19 mutation in a @entity6391 family. These findings, together with a review of the literature, support the hypothesis that homozygous @entity24130 mutations are not pathogenic and led us to exclude the implication of @entity24130 in the @entity6391 of family S23. Our results indicate the need of re-evaluating all families genetically diagnosed with this mutation.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Re-evaluation casts doubt on the pathogenicity of homozygous XXXX @entity24130 .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['Retinitis Pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity28614 :: (22283(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['USH2A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mutations in @entity28614 are a common cause of @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ). Among the most frequently reported @entity28614 variants, @entity71319 ( @entity24130 ) has been found in both affected and healthy individuals. The pathogenicity of this variant remains controversial since it was detected in homozygosity in two healthy siblings of a Spanish family (S23), eleven years ago. The fact that these individuals remain asymptomatic today, prompted us to study the presence of other pathogenic variants in this family using targeted resequencing of 26 retinal genes in one of the affected individuals. This approach allowed us to identify one novel pathogenic homozygous mutation in exon 13 of @entity27763 ( @entity71320 ; @entity71321 ). This variant cosegregated with the disease and was absent in 200 control individuals. Remarkably, the identified variant in @entity27763 corresponds to the mutation responsible of the @entity2000 in the naturally occurring @entity27763 mutant @entity19 . To our knowledge, this is the first report of the identification of the @entity27763 @entity19 mutation in a @entity6391 family. These findings, together with a review of the literature, support the hypothesis that homozygous @entity24130 mutations are not pathogenic and led us to exclude the implication of @entity24130 in the @entity6391 of family S23. Our results indicate the need of re-evaluating all families genetically diagnosed with this mutation.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Re-evaluation casts doubt on the pathogenicity of homozygous @entity28614 XXXX .

answer: @entity24130 :: (p|SUB|C|759|F,ProteinMutation) :: ['p.C759F']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study provides an overview of the largest and longest-running colonoscopic surveillance program for @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in @entity1 with long-standing @entity31 ( @entity31 ). METHODS: Data were obtained from medical records, endoscopy, and histology reports. Primary end points were defined as death, colectomy, withdrawal from surveillance, or censor date (1 January 2013). RESULTS: A total of 1,375 @entity31 @entity1 were followed up for 15,234 @entity1 -years (median, 11 years per @entity1 ). @entity14 was detected in 72 @entity1 (incidence rate (IR), 4.7 per 1,000 @entity1 -years). Time-trend analysis revealed that although there was significant decrease in incidence of colectomy performed for @entity1141 (linear regression, R=-0.43; P=0.007), IR of advanced @entity14 and interval @entity14 have steadily decreased over past four decades (Pearson's correlation, -0.99; P=0.01 for both trends). The IR of early @entity14 has increased 2.5-fold in the current decade compared with past decade (  (2), P=0.045); however, its 10-year survival rate was high (79.6%). The IR of @entity1141 has similarly increased (  (2), P=0.01), potentially attributable to the recent use of chromoendoscopy that was twice more effective at detecting @entity1141 compared with white-light endoscopy (  (2), P<0.001). CRCs were frequently accompanied by @entity14 or spatially distinct @entity1141 (37.5%). Finally, the risk of @entity14 was not significantly different between "indefinite" or low-grade @entity1141 (log-rank, P=0.78). CONCLUSIONS: Colonoscopic surveillance may have a significant role in reducing the risk of advanced and interval @entity14 while allowing more @entity1 to retain their colon for longer. Given the ongoing risk of early @entity14 , @entity1 with any grade of @entity1141 who are managed endoscopically should be monitored closely with advanced techniques.

title: Forty-Year Analysis of Colonoscopic Surveillance Program for XXXX : An Updated Overview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'synchronous CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Neoplasia in Ulcerative Colitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Controversy exists on the necessity for and timing of genitoplasty in @entity1 with @entity774 . Our knowledge of surgical preferences is limited to retrospective series from single institutions and physician surveys, which suggest a high rate of early reconstruction. We evaluated current surgical treatment for @entity774 at academic centers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We queried the Faculty Practice Solutions Center database to identify all female @entity1 younger than 18 years with a diagnosis of @entity774 between 2009 and 2012. Procedures were identified by CPT codes for vaginoplasty, clitoroplasty and other genital procedures. Reconstruction type, age at surgery and surgeon volume were analyzed. RESULTS: We identified 2,614 females in the database with a diagnosis of @entity774 who were seen at a total of 60 institutions. Of @entity1 younger than 12 months between 2009 and 2011 as few as 18% proceeded to surgery within a 1 to 4-year followup. Of those referred to a pediatric urologist 46% proceeded to surgery. Of @entity1 who underwent surgery before age 2 years clitoroplasty and vaginoplasty were performed in 73% and 89%, respectively, while 68% were treated with a combined procedure. A medium or high volume surgeon was involved in 63% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 with @entity774 in the database did not proceed to early reconstructive surgery. Of those referred to surgeons, who were possibly the most virilized @entity1 , about half proceeded to early surgery and almost all underwent vaginoplasty as a component of surgery. About  two-thirds of the procedures were performed by medium or high volume surgeons, indicative of the surgical centralization of disorders of @entity4998 .

title: XXXX : Current Surgical Management at Academic Medical Centers in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['sexual development']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity137 ( @entity137 ) is a potentially life-threatening @entity66 involving large areas of skin loss with systemic symptoms. This study evaluated the efficacy of air-fluidised bed therapy for @entity137 @entity1 . METHODS: Of 27 @entity1 with @entity137 , 11 used air-fluidised beds (the air-fluidised group) and 16 used standard beds (the control group). Days to complete re-epithelialisation, re-epithelialisation rate, incidence of complications, mortality, @entity158 measured by visual analogue score and the incidence of cutaneous @entity281 were compared in these groups. RESULTS: The mean body surface area of involvement was 77.0        11.8% and baseline mean severity-of-illness score for @entity137 (SCORTEN) was 2.81        1.08. The re-epithelialisation rate in the air-fluidised group was 100% but was only 56.3% in the control group (P   <   0.05). There was a significant difference in the time taken to complete re-epithelialisation between the air-fluidised group (13 days [95%   CI: 9.0-17.0]) and the control group (21 days [16.5-25.5], P   <   0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of complications was 18% in the air-fluidised group versus 75% in the control group, including fewer @entity281 (P   <   0.05). There was a significant reduction in @entity158 among the air-fluidised group compared with the control group (P   <   0.05). There were no deaths in the air-fluidised group while 19% of the control group died. CONCLUSION: Air-fluidised beds can reduce the time to complete re-epithelialisation, relieve @entity158 and increase the re-epithelialisation rate of @entity137 @entity1 , but there was no significant difference between them in mortality rate in our study.

title: A 13-year retrospective study evaluating the efficacy of using air-fluidised beds for toxic epidermal necrolysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'Toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatological disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'cutaneous infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) associated with @entity712 and their association with medium-term prognosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: Multipurpose prospective study from the EAHFE Registry. We included as @entity4059 : @entity281 , @entity955 ( @entity955 ), @entity417 , @entity101 crisis, non-adherence to diet or drug therapy and non-ST-segment-elevation @entity1187 (NSTEACS). @entity1 without @entity4059 were control group. Hazard ratios (HR) crudes and adjusted for reconsultations and mortality at 90 days were calculated. RESULTS: 3535 @entity1 were included: 28% without and 72% with @entity4059 . @entity1 with @entity955 (HR 0.67; 95%CI 0.50-0.89) and @entity101 crisis (HR 0.45; 95%CI 0.28-0.72) had less mortality and @entity1 with NSTEACS (HR 1.79; 95%CI 1.19-2.70) had more mortality. Reconsultation was fewer in @entity1 with @entity281 (HR 0.74; 95%CI 0.64-0.85), @entity955 (HR 0.69; 95%CI 0.58-0.83) and @entity101 crisis (HR 0.71; 95%CI 0.55-0.91). These differences were maintained in all the adjusted models except for @entity101 crisis. CONCLUSIONS: One @entity4059 is identified in 3 out of 4 @entity1 and it may influence medium-term prognosis. At 90 days, NSTEACS and @entity955 were associated with more and less mortality respectively, and @entity955 and @entity281 with less probability of reconsultation.

title: [PAPRICA-2 study: Role of precipitating factor of an XXXX episode on intermediate term prognosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['PF', 'precipitating factors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['rapid atrial fibrillation', 'RAF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['acute heart failure']


abstract: The time of origin (birthday) of Rohon-Beard cells in @entity1238 was studied by @entity665 autoradiography. Rohon-Beard cells were selected because they are a morphologically identifiable population of neurons in which the development of chemical and electrical excitability has been studied. A single injection of a radioactive DNA precursor was given to animals in successive stages of development from blastula to late tail bud (Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 8--33/34). The label was available throughout the stage of injection and longer. The labeling pattern was examined when animals had reached stage 42, when Rohon-Beard cells are easily recognized. All neurons including Rohon-Beard cells were labeled in animals injected with @entity665 before stage 10 1/2 (early gastrula). Unlabeled Rohon-Beard cells were observed in animals injected with @entity665 in and after stage 10 1/2. The percentage of unlabeled Rohon-Beard cells increased as development progressed. About 80% were born by the completion of gastrulation (stage 13). The other approximately 20% were born during neurulation and early tail bud stages. By stage 27, no Rohon-Beard neuron incorporated @entity665 . In addition to Rohon-Beard neurons, five other neuronal populations begin generation during gastrulation: Mauthner neurons (Vargas-Lizardi and Lyser, '74), trigeminal ganglion cells, large basal plate cells of the medulla, extramedullary neurons, and primary motor neurons. The first birthdays in any of the six populations are temporally close to but appear to be independent of the others.

title: Rohon-beard cells and other large neurons in XXXX embryos originate during gastrulation.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to recognise if there is any auditory sensory stimuli processing in @entity468 under general anaesthesia, and to evaluate changes in respiratory rate (RR) and @entity2300 ( @entity2300 ) in anaesthetised @entity1 exposed to different music genres, while relating this to the depth of anaesthesia. METHODS: A sample of 12 @entity468 submitted for elective ovariohysterectomy were exposed to 2 min excerpts of three different music genres (classical [CM], pop [PM] and heavy metal [HM]) at three points during surgery (T1 = coeliotomy; T2 = ligature placement and transection of the ovarian pedicle; T3 = ligature placement and transection of the uterine body). A multiparametric medical monitor was used to measure the RR, and a digital calliper was used for @entity2300 measurement. Music was delivered through headphones, which fully covered the @entity1 's ears. P values       <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.        RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between stimuli conditions for all surgical points were obtained for RR (T1, P = 0.03; T2, P = 0.00; and T3, P = 0.00) and for @entity2300 (T1, P = 0.03; T2, P = 0.04; and T3, P = 0.00). Most individuals exhibited lower values for RR and @entity2300 when exposed to CM, intermediate values to PM and higher values to HM. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results suggest that @entity468 under general anaesthesia are likely to perform auditory sensory stimuli processing. The exposure to music induces RR and @entity2300 variations modulated by the genre of music and is associated with autonomic nervous system activity. The use of music in the surgical theatre may contribute to allowing a reduced anaesthetic dose, minimising undesirable side effects and thus promoting @entity1 safety.

title: Influence of music and its genres on respiratory rate and pupil diameter variations in XXXX under general anaesthesia: contribution to promoting @entity1 safety.

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'pupillary diameter']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']