abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical features of @entity1 with @entity6129 ( @entity6129 ) associated with @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ). METHODS: The clinical data of 37 (44.6%) hospitalized @entity6129 @entity1 associated with @entity1897 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2008 to January 2014 was retrospectively analyzed, using the rest 46 hospitalized @entity6129 @entity1 without @entity1897 as control. RESULTS: (1) Out of the 37 @entity6129 @entity1 with @entity1897 , there were 15 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 , with the average age of (64    9) years old and average time between the diagnosis and onset of the disease of 24.5 months. (2) Neurologic manifestations of these @entity1 : @entity4216 multiplex (56.8%) and distal symmetrical @entity305 (43.2%) were the predominant peripheral nervous system manifestations. Lower limbs were more frequently affected, and @entity3481 were more commonly seen than single motor abnormalities. (3) Compared with @entity6129 @entity1 without @entity1897 , the incidence of @entity925 and the count of platelet in peripheral blood, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were statistically higher, while the serum level of albumin was statistically lower in @entity6129 @entity1 with @entity1897 . There were no statistical differences in age, sex, @entity221 , @entity1910 , @entity625 , @entity401 , @entity344 , renal and central nervous system involvement between two groups. (4) The multivariant Logistic regression analysis suggested that @entity1148 was the risk factor for @entity1897 in @entity6129 @entity1 (OR = 1.005, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1897 is common in @entity6129 @entity1 . @entity4216 multiplex and distal symmetrical @entity305 , mixed @entity16 , and lower limbs involvement are predominant peripheral neurologic manifestations. @entity1148 may be one of the risk factors of @entity1897 in @entity6129 @entity1 , and @entity1897 may have minor effect on the prognosis of @entity6129 .

title: [Clinical features of XXXX associated with @entity1897 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytosis', 'thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['mixed (sensory and motor) or sensory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6129 :: ('MESH:D055953', 'Disease') :: ['MPA', 'microscopic polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['Mononeuritis', 'mononeuritis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity6129 :: (MESH:D055953,Disease) :: ['microscopic polyangiitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical features of @entity1 with @entity6129 ( @entity6129 ) associated with @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ). METHODS: The clinical data of 37 (44.6%) hospitalized @entity6129 @entity1 associated with @entity1897 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2008 to January 2014 was retrospectively analyzed, using the rest 46 hospitalized @entity6129 @entity1 without @entity1897 as control. RESULTS: (1) Out of the 37 @entity6129 @entity1 with @entity1897 , there were 15 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 , with the average age of (64    9) years old and average time between the diagnosis and onset of the disease of 24.5 months. (2) Neurologic manifestations of these @entity1 : @entity4216 multiplex (56.8%) and distal symmetrical @entity305 (43.2%) were the predominant peripheral nervous system manifestations. Lower limbs were more frequently affected, and @entity3481 were more commonly seen than single motor abnormalities. (3) Compared with @entity6129 @entity1 without @entity1897 , the incidence of @entity925 and the count of platelet in peripheral blood, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were statistically higher, while the serum level of albumin was statistically lower in @entity6129 @entity1 with @entity1897 . There were no statistical differences in age, sex, @entity221 , @entity1910 , @entity625 , @entity401 , @entity344 , renal and central nervous system involvement between two groups. (4) The multivariant Logistic regression analysis suggested that @entity1148 was the risk factor for @entity1897 in @entity6129 @entity1 (OR = 1.005, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1897 is common in @entity6129 @entity1 . @entity4216 multiplex and distal symmetrical @entity305 , mixed @entity16 , and lower limbs involvement are predominant peripheral neurologic manifestations. @entity1148 may be one of the risk factors of @entity1897 in @entity6129 @entity1 , and @entity1897 may have minor effect on the prognosis of @entity6129 .

title: [Clinical features of @entity6129 associated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the existing newborn sickle haemoglobinopathy screening programme in Jamaica. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 screened during the period 8 November 1995 to 22 July 2006 was performed. @entity1 data for analyses was restricted to @entity1 with homozygous ( @entity3458 ) @entity3458 . Published data from the Jamaican Sickle Cell Cohort Study was used to make comparisons with the study sample. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 435 @entity1 with @entity3458 . @entity5837 was the most common clinical (non-death) event accounting for approximately 50% of all events. Acute @entity18697 , no longer a significant cause of mortality, was responsible for approximately 32% of clinical events. Seven deaths (1.8%) occurred during the study period compared with 17.6% to the same age in the Jamaican Sickle Cell Cohort Study. There was a lower proportion of hospital admissions and episodes of serious illness in the study group compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Survival estimates for the study sample showed improvement compared with the Jamaican Sickle Cell Cohort Study. This study continues to demonstrate the benefits of, and as such shows support for, newborn screening and early interventions in @entity3458 . In addition, it highlights some of the areas for continued focus and research development. Although the current system is providing an essential and beneficial service, the study emphasizes the need for newborn screening programmes to be comprehensive care systems to be fully effective.

title: Newborn XXXX screening: the Jamaican experience (1995-2006).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity18697 :: ('MESH:D001998', 'Disease') :: ['splenic sequestration']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['Hb SS disease', 'sickle cell disease', 'Hb SS']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['Acute chest syndrome']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of treatment of @entity2530 of the femoral head (ONFH) by minimally invasive vascularized bone grafting. METHODS: 232 ONFH @entity1 (232 hips), 146 males and 86 females, aged 39.8 (22 - 55), 114 being at the Ficat and Arlet stage II, 96 at stage III, and 22 at stage IV, were treated with minimally invasive vascularized bone grafting: pedicled @entity79 with ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (ALFCA) in 83 cases, pedicled greater trochanter bone flap with transversal branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (TLFCA) in 66 cases, pedicled greater trochanter bone flap with gluteal muscle branch of ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (GALFCA) in 54 cases, and pedicled greater trochanter bone flap with double blood vessels (TLFCA and GALFCA) in 29 cases. The mean incision length was 9.8 cm (7 - 11 cm). All @entity1 were followed up for 39 months (10 - 62 months) and were assessed clinically and radiologically according to Harris scoring. Selective digital subtraction angiography was performed in 58 cases to confirm the blood reconstruction of femoral head. RESULTS: The postoperative Harris score was 87.8, higher than the preoperative Harris score (57). The clinical success rate was 87.5% and the radiological success rate was 79.7%. Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves showed that the overall survival rate was 90.09%, the survival rates of the @entity1 at the Ficat stage II and Ficat stage III were 96.49% and 88.54% respectively, both significantly higher than that of the @entity1 at the Ficat stage IV (63.64%, P < 0.01, P = 0.0084). DSA demonstrated satisfactory filling of the vessel pedicles and abundant blood supply in 56 of the 58 necrotic femoral heads. Twenty-three cases had to undergo total hip replacement 16 - 58 month after the minimally invasive vascularized bone grafting. CONCLUSION: Blood supply of bone flap and blood reconstruction of femoral head can be achieved by using minimally invasive vascularized bone grafting in treatment of @entity2530 of the femoral head with a satisfactory clinical effect in early to mid-term follow-up.

title: [Treatment of XXXX of femoral head with minimally invasive vascularized bone grafting].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['iliac bone flap bone flap']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of TruScreen (TS) as a novel option for @entity75 screening. METHODS: A total of 218 cases were selected between 2013 December and 2014 November from outpatients of the Department of Gynecology, PLA General Hospital. Using histopathology as the gold standard for diagnosis, the diagnostic efficacy of TS was compared with that of high-risk @entity1082 (Hr-HPV) test. RESULTS: (1) In 218 @entity1 , there were 193 Hr-HPV positive cases accounting for 88.5%, 94 TS positive cases accounting for 43.1%. According to the histopathology, there were 112 cases of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 )1(+), 71 cases of CIN2(+), accounting for 51.4% and 32.6%, respectively. (2) The sensitivity of Hr-HPV was 98.2% and specificity was 21.7%. The sensitivity of TS was 51.8% and specificity 66.0%. (3) Sensitivity of TS for triaging cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined signification (ASC-US) was 43.9%, specificity 65.7%, diagnostic accordance rate 53.9%. Those indexes for triaging cases of equivalent or more than atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high-grade @entity2784 (ASC-H) were 56.3%, 66.2% and 61.3%. With regard to Hr-HPV test, those indexes for triaging cases of equivalent or more than ASC-H were 97.2%, 32.4% and 64.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Hr-HPV test shows higher sensitivity while TruScreen shows higher specificity for @entity75 screening. More studies with larger sample size are still needed to evaluate which method is a better triage tool.

title: [Diagnostic value of TruScreen in XXXX screening].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cervical lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine if physiological @entity4854 induces a proatherogenic inflammatory response in mononuclear cells (MNCs) in @entity28 reproductive-age @entity1 . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Seven @entity28 and 6 age-matched lean @entity1 (20 to 39 years of age) underwent a 2-hour 75-g oral @entity413 tolerance test. The release of @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) from MNCs cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was measured after isolation from blood samples drawn fasting and 2 hours after @entity413 ingestion. Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generation and intra-nuclear nuclear factor kappaB ( @entity2451 ) from MNCs were quantified from the same blood samples. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Total body fat and truncal fat were determined by DXA. RESULTS: Obese @entity1 had a higher (p < 0.03) total body fat (42.2 +/- 1.1 vs. 27.7 +/- 2.0%), truncal fat (42.1 +/- 1.2 vs. 22.3 +/- 2.4%), and HOMA-IR (3.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.2). LPS-stimulated @entity650 release from MNCs was suppressed during @entity4854 in lean subjects (1884 +/- 495 vs. 638 +/- 435 pg/mL, p < 0.05) but not in @entity28 @entity1 (1184 +/- 387 vs. 1403 +/- 498 pg/mL). There was a difference (p < 0.05) between groups in the @entity4854 -induced MNC-mediated release of @entity650 (-1196 +/- 475 vs. 219 +/- 175 pg/mL) and @entity1356 (-79 +/- 43 vs. 17 +/- 12 pg/mL). In addition, the @entity28 group exhibited increased (p < 0.05) MNC-derived ROS generation (39.3 +/- 9.9 vs. -1.0 +/- 12.8%) and intra-nuclear @entity2451 (9.4 +/- 7.3 vs. -23.5 +/- 13.5%). Truncal fat was positively correlated with the MNC-derived @entity650 response (rho = 0.58, p < 0.05) and intra-nuclear @entity2451 (rho = 0.64, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: These data suggest that @entity28 reproductive-age @entity1 are unable to suppress proatherogenic @entity32 during physiological @entity4854 . Increased adiposity may be a significant contributor to this pro-inflammatory susceptibility.

title: Obese reproductive-age @entity1 exhibit a proatherogenic inflammatory response during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine if physiological @entity4854 induces a proatherogenic inflammatory response in mononuclear cells (MNCs) in @entity28 reproductive-age @entity1 . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Seven @entity28 and 6 age-matched lean @entity1 (20 to 39 years of age) underwent a 2-hour 75-g oral @entity413 tolerance test. The release of @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) from MNCs cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was measured after isolation from blood samples drawn fasting and 2 hours after @entity413 ingestion. Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generation and intra-nuclear nuclear factor kappaB ( @entity2451 ) from MNCs were quantified from the same blood samples. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Total body fat and truncal fat were determined by DXA. RESULTS: Obese @entity1 had a higher (p < 0.03) total body fat (42.2 +/- 1.1 vs. 27.7 +/- 2.0%), truncal fat (42.1 +/- 1.2 vs. 22.3 +/- 2.4%), and HOMA-IR (3.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.2). LPS-stimulated @entity650 release from MNCs was suppressed during @entity4854 in lean subjects (1884 +/- 495 vs. 638 +/- 435 pg/mL, p < 0.05) but not in @entity28 @entity1 (1184 +/- 387 vs. 1403 +/- 498 pg/mL). There was a difference (p < 0.05) between groups in the @entity4854 -induced MNC-mediated release of @entity650 (-1196 +/- 475 vs. 219 +/- 175 pg/mL) and @entity1356 (-79 +/- 43 vs. 17 +/- 12 pg/mL). In addition, the @entity28 group exhibited increased (p < 0.05) MNC-derived ROS generation (39.3 +/- 9.9 vs. -1.0 +/- 12.8%) and intra-nuclear @entity2451 (9.4 +/- 7.3 vs. -23.5 +/- 13.5%). Truncal fat was positively correlated with the MNC-derived @entity650 response (rho = 0.58, p < 0.05) and intra-nuclear @entity2451 (rho = 0.64, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: These data suggest that @entity28 reproductive-age @entity1 are unable to suppress proatherogenic @entity32 during physiological @entity4854 . Increased adiposity may be a significant contributor to this pro-inflammatory susceptibility.

title: Obese reproductive-age XXXX exhibit a proatherogenic inflammatory response during @entity4854 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The therapeutic armamentarium for vascular risk factors in industrialized countries improved over the past decades. We therefore studied vascular mortality trends in France between 1979 and 2001, and explored how these trends are related to @entity64 or nonstroke vascular mortality changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included all @entity204 from @entity455 in the French population from 1979 to 2001. Trends for total, @entity64 and nonstroke vascular mortality were estimated using log-linear Poisson regression models. Gender-specific mortality rates were standardized directly by 5-year groups to the 1990 French population. RESULTS: During the 1979-2001 period, the mean annual percentage change in @entity204 rates varied across age groups (<35, 35-54, 55-64, 65-74, >or=75) between -2.4 to -3.3% in @entity1 and -2.5 to -4.1% in @entity1 . Respectively, 25.7 and 30.9% of @entity204 was attributed to @entity66 in @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity64 mortality and nonstroke vascular mortality rates declined respectively by 60.9 and 34.6% in @entity1 , and 60.4 and 38.9% in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: We observed a dramatic 60% reduction of @entity64 @entity204 in France in the last 20 years. @entity64 @entity204 decreased at about twice the rate as other causes of @entity204 . Improved management of vascular risk factors could partly explain these results.

title: XXXX and vascular mortality trends in France: 1979-2001.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death', 'vascular death', 'total vascular death']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) antioxidant system has been shown to play an important role in the maintenance of good health and disease prevention. Various approaches have been used to enhance @entity2197 availability including diet, nutritional supplementation, and drug administration, with minor to moderate success. Exercise training has evolved as a new approach. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET), circuit weight training (CWT), and combined training (AET+CWT) on general adaptations, and resistance to acutely induced oxidative stress, as assessed by changes in the @entity2197 antioxidant system. METHODS: Eighty healthy sedentary volunteers participated in the study who were randomly assigned to four groups: control (no exercise); AET, CWT, and AET+CWT. Exercise training programs were designed to simulate outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (40 min x 3 days x 6 weeks). @entity1503 sampling was taken at rest and post maximal graded exercise test (GXT). A new improved spectrophotometric venous assay analysis technique was used. A mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance design was used with t-tests for preplanned comparisons evaluated at Bonferroni-adjusted alpha levels. RESULTS: Effectiveness of the exercise training programs was demonstrated by significant between-group (exercise group versus control) comparisons. AET, CWT, and AET+CWT showed significant pretraining-posttraining increases in resting @entity2197 and @entity2041 - @entity9492 ratio ( @entity2197 : @entity9492 ), and significant decreases in @entity9492 levels (P<0.005). AET+CWT showed the most pronounced effect compared with AET or CWT alone (P<0.025). CONCLUSION: This study represents the first longitudinal investigation involving the effects of multiple modes of exercise training on the @entity2197 antioxidant system with evidence, suggesting the GHS: @entity9492 ratio as the most sensitive change marker. The significant findings of this study have potential clinical implications to individuals involved in cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation.

title: Effects of exercise training on the XXXX antioxidant system.

entities_list: @entity9492 :: ('MESH:D019803', 'Chemical') :: ['GSSG', 'glutathione disulfide']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Venous blood']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity384 ( @entity384 ) is associated with @entity204 or transplantation and is typically considered a homogeneous process affecting global left ventricular (LV) function. However, assessment of regional abnormalities that contribute to pumping inefficiencies is lacking. The aim of this study was to define regional strain patterns of mechanical inefficiency in the broader context of LV discoordination (dysfunction and timing abnormalities) and to evaluate their associations with LV function and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Multiplanar apical LV echocardiographic images from @entity1 with pediatric @entity384 (n  =  56) and control subjects (n  =  20) were analyzed by two-dimensional longitudinal speckle-tracking strain analysis to identify segmental strain patterns and global contraction groups. Clinical outcome ( @entity204 or transplantation vs transplantation-free survival) and echocardiographic data were evaluated. Outcome groups were compared using the Fisher exact test, the   (2) test, or analysis of variance (with P values   <=  .05 considered to indicate statistical significance). RESULTS: Of 56 @entity1 with @entity384 , 29 (52%) progressed to @entity204 or transplantation. Five segmental strain patterns were observed that were used to define seven contraction groups by regional contractility and/or timing discoordination. The group(s) with the most discoordination had the most @entity1002 (P  =  .0004) and a trend toward the highest frequency of @entity204 or transplantation (P  =  .069). Interreader reproducibility of segmental strain patterns agreed in 165 or 180 (92%) segments tested (k  =  0.90). Control subjects had normal strain patterns. CONCLUSIONS: A heterogeneous @entity854 in the regional wall mechanics that lead to inefficient pump mechanics through functional and timing abnormalities were seen in this cohort and were categorized into natural subgroups. More severe LV discoordination was associated with increased @entity1002 and a trend toward @entity204 or transplantation.

title: Patterns of Mechanical Inefficiency in XXXX and Their Relation to Left Ventricular Function and Clinical Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'Pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['mixture of abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Dilated Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1000 (DCMid) account for about one-third of @entity1 with @entity712 . Recent studies found a myocardial viral genomic persistence in up to 67% of DCMid @entity1 , indicating a possible inflammatory etiology (DCMi). Considering the importance of DCMi, we aimed to study the present knowledge on risk factors in DCMi. METHODS: Review of published literature on risk factors for DCMi/DCMid from 1989 through 2005 in Medline database and the Cochrane library (search terms 'epidemiology', 'risk factors', ' @entity384 ' and ' @entity1000 '). RESULTS: An extended array of risk factors in DCMid has been investigated in 11 studies. No studies addressing specifically DCMi, however, were found. Consistent associations with DCMid were reported only for @entity6 , black race, male sex and estimated low income. Inconsistent results were observed for the presence of @entity565 , @entity101 and smoking. Few studies addressed potential risk factors such as low education level, @entity166 and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the high number of potential DCMi @entity1 among @entity1 with DCMid, results on risk factors for DCMid are likely relevant to at least a number of @entity1 with DCMi. Future studies of risk factors in DCMi should include specific case classification and the application of standardized instruments for risk-factor assessment. The four-center SFB/TR 19 study aims to establish a prospective cohort of DCMi @entity1 validated by endomyocardial biopsy.

title: Towards risk factor assessment in XXXX : the SFB/TR 19 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The UK Government has set a target of halting the rise in @entity28 by 2010. However, at the time the target was set, no monitoring process existed. The English Department of Health has now issued guidelines to primary care trusts for the annual weighing and measuring of all @entity1 on entry to primary school and in year 6. AIM: Development of an inexpensive school-based monitoring scheme for trends in @entity28 suitable for national implementation. METHOD: The methodology was developed in 10 pilot schools in 2004 and implemented in 25 primary schools and three secondary schools in 2005. Specially trained healthcare support workers (HCSWs) recorded height and weight measurements of primary school @entity1 in reception and year 4, and secondary school @entity1 in year 8 (aged 5, 8 and 13 years, respectively, on average). The ethnic and socio-economic profile of the sample was compared with census data, and the levels of @entity28 were calculated using standard age cut-offs. RESULTS: While monitoring in primary schools was achieved with no evidence of disruption to the schools or distress to the subjects, monitoring in secondary schools was deemed to be impractical. Cost analysis indicated an estimated cost of less than 1.50 UK pounds per primary school @entity1 measured. CONCLUSIONS: The model provides a viable means of monitoring @entity28 trends. Monitoring should be confined to primary schools and should be conducted by specially trained HCSWs rather than school nurses.

title: Monitoring trends in XXXX : a simple school-based model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the clinical value of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in diagnosis of @entity1600 in early-stage squamous cell @entity189 . METHODS: Cochrane library, biomedical database (EMbase), PubMed, China national knowledge internet (CNKI), Wang Fang database,   Gynecologic Oncology  ,   National Medical Journal of China   and   Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology   were searched for literatures from 1990 to 2014 concerning SLNB application in early-stage @entity957 . Literatures were filtrated according to inclusive and exclusive criteria. Meta Disc 1.4 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 2 459 literatures were obtained, out of which 29 were eligible for analysis, including 28 in English and 1 in Chinese. Twenty-three studies were prospective and 6 were retrospective, including 1 371 @entity1 with early-stage squamous cell @entity189 . The sensitivity of SLNB for diagnosis of @entity1600 in early-stage @entity5 ranged from 66.7% to 100%, and the specificity were 100% in all studies. No significant heterogeneity was found among the results of enrolled studies (I(2)=12.8%, P=0.270). The data were pooled by fixed effect model, and the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 (95%CI: 0.91-0.96) and 1.00 (95%CI: 0.99-1.00), respectively. The calculated area under curve (AUC) of summarized Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was 0.987 0. Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity of SLNB were 0.92 (95%CI: 0.85-0.97) and 0.94 (95%CI: 0.91-0.97) in studies using single and combined tracers, respectively, and that they were 0.93 (95%CI: 0.90-0.96) and 0.97 (95%CI: 0.90-1.00) in studies with and without ultra-staging techniques, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: SLNB is a highly accurate technique for diagnosis of @entity1600 in early-stage squamous cell @entity189 . The sensitivity and specificity are similar in SLNBs using different techniques.

title: [Meta-analysis of application value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of vulva']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['vulval squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) can be used for the palliation of @entity344 . This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of endoscopically inserted SEMSs for the palliation of @entity5 in the stomach and duodenum. METHODS: Between January 2011 and April 2014, 220 @entity1 with @entity356 due to @entity5 underwent endoscopic SEMS insertion at Asan Medical Center. The associations of technical/clinical outcomes and complications with the type of stent and site of obstruction were analyzed. RESULTS: The 220 @entity1 included 125 @entity1 (56.8  %) and 95 @entity1 (43.2  %); median @entity1 age was 63  years. Fully covered, partially covered, and uncovered SEMSs were inserted into 16, 77, and 120 @entity1 , respectively. Obstructions were located in the gastric outlet, including the duodenal bulb, in 106 @entity1 , and in the duodenal second and third portions in 114 @entity1 . Technical success was achieved in 213 of 220 @entity1 (96.8  %) and clinical success in 184 of 213 (86.4  %). Clinical success rates were similar to the type of stent, but were significantly greater for gastric outlet (95/104, 91.3  %) than for duodenal (89/109, 81.7  %) obstructions (p  =  0.039). Stent migration was observed in 20 @entity1 (9.1  %) and stent obstruction in 51 (23.2  %). Rates of stent migration were significantly higher for fully covered (6/16, 37.5  %) than for partially covered (7/77, 9.1  %) and uncovered (7/120, 5.8  %) SEMSs (p  <  0.001) and were significantly higher for gastric outlet (16/104, 15.4  %) than for duodenal (4/109, 1.2  %) obstructions (p  =  0.003). Rates of stent obstruction were similar for fully covered (2/16, 12.5  %), partially covered (17/77, 22.1  %), and uncovered (32/120, 26.7  %) SEMSs (p  =  0.409) and in @entity1 with gastric outlet (26/104, 25.0  %) and duodenal (25/109, 22.9  %) obstruction (p  =  0.724). CONCLUSIONS: SEMS selection for @entity344 depends on the site of obstruction.

title: Outcomes of endoscopically inserted self-expandable metal stents in XXXX according to the type of stent and the site of obstruction.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant obstruction', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric or duodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['malignant obstruction in the upper gastrointestinal tract', 'malignant obstruction of the upper gastrointestinal tract']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in @entity356 should be further evaluated because the accuracy of EUS depends on @entity5 location. We aimed to identify a specific role of EUS for therapeutic decision-making in @entity1 with @entity356 . METHODS: Initial EUS examinations for treatment-na  ve @entity356 that were followed by endoscopic resection or surgery were included in the study. Lesions were classified as @entity4617 according to @entity5 location. The diagnostic performance of EUS in predicting invasion depth was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of EUS in predicting invasion depth did not differ between the @entity4617 groups (44.4 vs. 52.3  %, P  =  0.259). The underestimation rate was higher in the @entity4617 group than in the @entity4617 group (37.0 vs. 18.5  %, P  =  0.001). When the depth of invasion was predicted to be deeper than the mucosa (submucosal or deeper) by EUS, the positive predictive value was 82.1 [95  % confidence interval (CI), 66.5-92.5  %] and 62.9  % (95  % CI, 60.5-66.9  %) in the @entity4617 groups, respectively (P  =  0.015). In multivariable analysis, @entity5 location in the @entity418 was found to be an independent factor for the underestimation of invasion depth [odds ratio (95  % CI)  =  2.242 (1.156-4.349)]. CONCLUSIONS: The underestimation rate in predicting invasion depth was significantly higher for @entity4617 . Therefore, selection of the treatment method for @entity356 via EUS should be done carefully.

title: A specific role of endoscopic ultrasonography for therapeutic decision-making in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and non-cardiac cancer', 'non-cardiac cancer', 'cardiac cancer', 'cardiac cancers than for non-cardiac cancers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cardia cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cardia cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in @entity356 should be further evaluated because the accuracy of EUS depends on @entity5 location. We aimed to identify a specific role of EUS for therapeutic decision-making in @entity1 with @entity356 . METHODS: Initial EUS examinations for treatment-na  ve @entity356 that were followed by endoscopic resection or surgery were included in the study. Lesions were classified as @entity4617 according to @entity5 location. The diagnostic performance of EUS in predicting invasion depth was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of EUS in predicting invasion depth did not differ between the @entity4617 groups (44.4 vs. 52.3  %, P  =  0.259). The underestimation rate was higher in the @entity4617 group than in the @entity4617 group (37.0 vs. 18.5  %, P  =  0.001). When the depth of invasion was predicted to be deeper than the mucosa (submucosal or deeper) by EUS, the positive predictive value was 82.1 [95  % confidence interval (CI), 66.5-92.5  %] and 62.9  % (95  % CI, 60.5-66.9  %) in the @entity4617 groups, respectively (P  =  0.015). In multivariable analysis, @entity5 location in the @entity418 was found to be an independent factor for the underestimation of invasion depth [odds ratio (95  % CI)  =  2.242 (1.156-4.349)]. CONCLUSIONS: The underestimation rate in predicting invasion depth was significantly higher for @entity4617 . Therefore, selection of the treatment method for @entity356 via EUS should be done carefully.

title: A specific role of endoscopic ultrasonography for therapeutic decision-making in XXXX with @entity356 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is common, affecting nearly 400 million @entity1 worldwide. Achieving good health for @entity1 with @entity6 requires active self-management; however, uptake of self-management education is poor, and there is an urgent need to find better, more acceptable, cost-effective methods of providing self-management support. Web-based self-management support has many potential benefits for @entity1 and health services. The aim of this trial is to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a web-based self-management support programme for @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: This will be a multi-centre individually randomised controlled trial in primary care, recruiting adults with @entity6 who are registered with participating general practices in England. @entity1 will be randomised to receive either an evidence-based, theoretically informed, web-based self-management programme for @entity1 with @entity6 which addresses medical, emotional, and role management, called Healthy Living for @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or a simple information website. The joint primary outcomes are glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and @entity6 , measured by the Problem Areas In @entity6 (PAID) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include @entity65 factors, @entity308 and @entity148 , and self-efficacy for self-management of @entity6 . Health economic data include health service use, costs due to the intervention, and EQ-5D for calculation of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYS). Data will be collected at baseline, 3  months and 12  months, with the primary endpoint at 12  months. Practice nurses, blinded to @entity1 allocation, collect clinical data; @entity1 complete online questionnaires for @entity1 reported measures. A sample size of 350 recruited @entity1 allows for @entity6661 of up to 15  % and will provide 90  % power of detecting at a 5  % significance level a true average difference in the PAID score of 4.0 and 0.25  % change in HbA1c (both small effect sizes). The analysis will follow a pre-specified analysis plan, based on comparing the groups as randomised (intention-to-treat). DISCUSSION: The findings of this trial are likely to be of interest to policy makers, clinicians, and commissioners, all of whom are actively seeking additional forms of self-management support for @entity1 with @entity6 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Trial Registration number is ISRCTN 02123133 ; date of registration 14.2.13.

title: XXXX : randomised controlled trial protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'HeLP-Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus', 'diabetes-related distress', 'T2DM']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['HeLP-Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal hormone therapy has been examined extensively in relation to @entity65 . However, research relating serum levels of sex hormones to @entity65 is sparse, and the results are inconclusive. METHODS: We measured sex hormones in longitudinally collected samples of 180 postmenopausal @entity1 , 91 randomized to @entity53 and 89 to placebo, in the @entity172 in the Prevention of @entity731 Trial. Repeated measures of sex hormone levels were tested for an association with @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ), which was also assessed longitudinally over 2 yr. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , changes in serum @entity1815 (P = 0.02), total @entity53 (P = 0.01), free @entity53 (P = 0.02), and @entity443 (P = 0.005) were significantly inversely associated with @entity2998 progression, controlling for age and body mass index. All the @entity172 compounds and @entity443 were significantly inversely related with low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (all P < 0.0001), whereas free @entity251 was positively related with low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (P < 0.003). Despite an increase in serum-free @entity53 with @entity53 therapy, @entity1 with unchanged @entity443 and free @entity251 levels had an average (se) progression in @entity2998 of 8.53 (4.72) microm/yr, whereas @entity1 with increased free @entity53 and @entity443 and decreased free @entity251 had the largest reduction in @entity2998 progression [-5.45 (2.77) microm/yr; trend P = 0.03]. CONCLUSION: @entity172 and @entity443 are associated with reduced subclinical @entity731 progression in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 . These associations are partially mediated by their beneficial effects on lipids. Among @entity1 taking @entity53 , the most beneficial hormone profile for @entity2998 progression was increased free @entity53 and @entity443 with concomitant decreased free @entity251 .

title: Relationship between serum levels of sex hormones and progression of subclinical XXXX in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['CIMT', 'carotid artery intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', '17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal hormone therapy has been examined extensively in relation to @entity65 . However, research relating serum levels of sex hormones to @entity65 is sparse, and the results are inconclusive. METHODS: We measured sex hormones in longitudinally collected samples of 180 postmenopausal @entity1 , 91 randomized to @entity53 and 89 to placebo, in the @entity172 in the Prevention of @entity731 Trial. Repeated measures of sex hormone levels were tested for an association with @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ), which was also assessed longitudinally over 2 yr. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , changes in serum @entity1815 (P = 0.02), total @entity53 (P = 0.01), free @entity53 (P = 0.02), and @entity443 (P = 0.005) were significantly inversely associated with @entity2998 progression, controlling for age and body mass index. All the @entity172 compounds and @entity443 were significantly inversely related with low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (all P < 0.0001), whereas free @entity251 was positively related with low-density lipoprotein @entity165 and inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (P < 0.003). Despite an increase in serum-free @entity53 with @entity53 therapy, @entity1 with unchanged @entity443 and free @entity251 levels had an average (se) progression in @entity2998 of 8.53 (4.72) microm/yr, whereas @entity1 with increased free @entity53 and @entity443 and decreased free @entity251 had the largest reduction in @entity2998 progression [-5.45 (2.77) microm/yr; trend P = 0.03]. CONCLUSION: @entity172 and @entity443 are associated with reduced subclinical @entity731 progression in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 . These associations are partially mediated by their beneficial effects on lipids. Among @entity1 taking @entity53 , the most beneficial hormone profile for @entity2998 progression was increased free @entity53 and @entity443 with concomitant decreased free @entity251 .

title: Relationship between serum levels of sex hormones and progression of subclinical @entity731 in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many theories of normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH) stress the importance of @entity63 in the deep white matter. Alternate theories stress a reduction in superficial venous compliance and changes in pulse-wave propagation. An overlap in the cerebral blood flow volumes measured between NPH and controls suggests that @entity63 may not be a prerequisite for this condition. This study sought to compare blood flow and compliance measures in a cohort of @entity1 with NPH selected for having arterial inflows above the normal range to see if deep @entity2806 or superficial hemodynamic changes contribute to the pathophysiology of NPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with NPH and arterial inflows above the normal range were selected. They underwent MR imaging with flow quantification measuring the total blood inflow, sagittal/straight sinus outflow, aqueduct @entity64 volume, and @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ). @entity1 were compared with 12 age-matched controls. RESULTS: The deep outflow volumes were normal. The superficial venous outflow was reduced as a percentage of the inflow by 9% (P = .04). The sagittal sinus compliance as measured by the @entity2758 was reduced by 50% (P = .0001), and the aqueduct @entity64 volume was elevated by 192% (P = .02). CONCLUSION: @entity63 in the deep venous territory is not a prerequisite for NPH. @entity1 with high-inflow NPH show alterations in superficial venous compliance and a reduction in the blood flow returning via the sagittal sinus. These changes together suggest that an elevation in superficial venous pressure may occur in NPH.

title: The pathophysiology of idiopathic normal pressure @entity1276 : XXXX or altered venous hemodynamics?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['AVD', 'arteriovenous delay']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many theories of normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH) stress the importance of @entity63 in the deep white matter. Alternate theories stress a reduction in superficial venous compliance and changes in pulse-wave propagation. An overlap in the cerebral blood flow volumes measured between NPH and controls suggests that @entity63 may not be a prerequisite for this condition. This study sought to compare blood flow and compliance measures in a cohort of @entity1 with NPH selected for having arterial inflows above the normal range to see if deep @entity2806 or superficial hemodynamic changes contribute to the pathophysiology of NPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with NPH and arterial inflows above the normal range were selected. They underwent MR imaging with flow quantification measuring the total blood inflow, sagittal/straight sinus outflow, aqueduct @entity64 volume, and @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ). @entity1 were compared with 12 age-matched controls. RESULTS: The deep outflow volumes were normal. The superficial venous outflow was reduced as a percentage of the inflow by 9% (P = .04). The sagittal sinus compliance as measured by the @entity2758 was reduced by 50% (P = .0001), and the aqueduct @entity64 volume was elevated by 192% (P = .02). CONCLUSION: @entity63 in the deep venous territory is not a prerequisite for NPH. @entity1 with high-inflow NPH show alterations in superficial venous compliance and a reduction in the blood flow returning via the sagittal sinus. These changes together suggest that an elevation in superficial venous pressure may occur in NPH.

title: The pathophysiology of idiopathic normal pressure XXXX : @entity2806 or altered venous hemodynamics?

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity647 is a common cause of morbidity and mortality following @entity358 . Surfactant protein-D is a member of the collectin family of proteins, which play important roles in innate host defense of the lung. In this study, the effect of exogenous recombinant @entity1 @entity9914 (rhSP-D) on protection of the adult @entity19 lung from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced and lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced injury was assessed. METHODS: The effect of rhSP-D on LPS-induced and LTA-induced @entity55 and injury was assessed with and without exogenous pulmonary surfactant in @entity24526 +/+ and @entity24526 -/- @entity19 . A total of 204 @entity19 (6 @entity19 per group) were used for the present study. RESULTS: @entity24526 -/- @entity19 were more susceptible to intratracheal LPS than were @entity24526 +/+ @entity19 . rhSP-D decreased neutrophilic infiltrates induced by LPS and LTA in the lungs of both @entity24526 +/+ and @entity24526 -/- @entity19 . The addition of exogenous pulmonary surfactant to rhSP-D further decreased LPS-induced and LTA-induced @entity55 in @entity24526 -/- and @entity24526 +/+ @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: Intratracheal rhSP-D inhibited @entity32 induced by intratracheal LPS and LTA instillation in the lung. The antiinflammatory effects of rhSP-D were enhanced by the addition of pulmonary surfactant, providing a potential therapy for the treatment of @entity55 .

title: Surfactant protein-D and surfactant inhibit endotoxin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation', 'lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary or systemic infections']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lung injury']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pulmonary inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We propose a strategy for studying ethnopharmacology by conducting sequential @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ) prediction (a 'bottom-up' approach) and population pharmacokinetic (popPK) confirmation (a 'top-down' approach), or in reverse order, depending on whether the purpose is ethnic effect assessment for a new molecular entity under development or a tool for ethnic sensitivity prediction for a given pathway. The strategy is exemplified with @entity47681 . METHODS: A @entity1297 model was built using Simcyp(  ) to simulate the pharmacokinetics of @entity47681 and to predict the ethnic sensitivity in clearance, given pharmacokinetic data in just one ethnicity. Subsequently, a popPK model was built using NONMEM(  ) to assess the effect of ethnicity on clearance, using @entity1 data from multiple ethnic groups. A comparison was made to confirm the @entity1297 -based ethnic sensitivity prediction, using the results of the popPK analysis. RESULTS: @entity1297 modelling predicted that the @entity47681 geometric mean clearance values after 20  mg oral administration in Caucasians would be 1.32-fold and 1.27-fold higher than the values in Chinese and Japanese, respectively. The ratios of typical clearance in Caucasians to the values in Chinese and Japanese estimated by popPK analysis were 1.20 and 1.17, respectively. The popPK analysis results were similar to the @entity1297 modelling results. CONCLUSION: As a general framework, we propose that @entity1297 modelling should be considered to predict ethnic sensitivity of pharmacokinetics prior to any @entity1 data and/or with data in only one ethnicity. In some cases, this will be sufficient to guide initial dose selection in different ethnicities. After clinical trials in different ethnicities, popPK analysis can be used to confirm ethnic differences and to support dose justification and labelling. @entity1297 modelling prediction and popPK analysis confirmation can complement each other to assess ethnic differences in pharmacokinetics at different drug development stages.

title: Combining 'Bottom-Up' and 'Top-Down' Methods to Assess Ethnic Difference in Clearance: XXXX as an Example.

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['physiologically based pharmacokinetic', 'PBPK']

entities_list: @entity47681 :: ('MESH:C550631', 'Chemical') :: ['bitopertin']

answer: @entity47681 :: (MESH:C550631,Chemical) :: ['Bitopertin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine a biweekly dose of @entity901 for combination with full-dose @entity136 and concurrent @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated @entity788 received @entity136 days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity901 days 1 and 15, repeated at 28-day intervals. @entity1161 (27 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions) was administered during cycle 1. Dose escalation was guided using the time-to-event continuous reassessment method. Dose levels 1 to 4 included @entity136 1 g/m2 intravenously (IV) during 30 minutes and @entity901 40, 55, 70, or 85 mg/m2 IV during 90 minutes, respectively; for dose levels 5 and 6, @entity901 dose remained 85 mg/m2 but infusion time for @entity136 1 g/m2 was increased to 65 or 100 minutes, respectively. The trial objective was to determine the dose level associated with dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) through cycle 2 in < or = 20% of @entity1 . RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 were enrolled (median age, 64 years; 27 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ) with resectable (n = 12), unresectable (n = 29), and metastatic (n = 3) @entity788 . Ten DLTs occurred in nine @entity1 , including grade 4 platelets (n = 4), decline in performance status (n = 2), @entity548 (n = 2), and @entity137 (n = 2). The estimated probability of DLT for dose level 3 was .21 (90% posterior probability interval [PI], .12 to .33); for dose level 4, the estimated probability was .24 (90% PI, .14 to .36). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity901 85 mg/m2 days 1 and 15 to full-dose @entity136 and @entity1161 was well tolerated. On the basis of these results, a multi-institutional neoadjuvant phase II study in resectable @entity788 is planned.

title: Phase I study of @entity901 , full-dose @entity136 , and concurrent @entity1161 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'GI toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine a biweekly dose of @entity901 for combination with full-dose @entity136 and concurrent @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated @entity788 received @entity136 days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity901 days 1 and 15, repeated at 28-day intervals. @entity1161 (27 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions) was administered during cycle 1. Dose escalation was guided using the time-to-event continuous reassessment method. Dose levels 1 to 4 included @entity136 1 g/m2 intravenously (IV) during 30 minutes and @entity901 40, 55, 70, or 85 mg/m2 IV during 90 minutes, respectively; for dose levels 5 and 6, @entity901 dose remained 85 mg/m2 but infusion time for @entity136 1 g/m2 was increased to 65 or 100 minutes, respectively. The trial objective was to determine the dose level associated with dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) through cycle 2 in < or = 20% of @entity1 . RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 were enrolled (median age, 64 years; 27 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ) with resectable (n = 12), unresectable (n = 29), and metastatic (n = 3) @entity788 . Ten DLTs occurred in nine @entity1 , including grade 4 platelets (n = 4), decline in performance status (n = 2), @entity548 (n = 2), and @entity137 (n = 2). The estimated probability of DLT for dose level 3 was .21 (90% posterior probability interval [PI], .12 to .33); for dose level 4, the estimated probability was .24 (90% PI, .14 to .36). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity901 85 mg/m2 days 1 and 15 to full-dose @entity136 and @entity1161 was well tolerated. On the basis of these results, a multi-institutional neoadjuvant phase II study in resectable @entity788 is planned.

title: Phase I study of XXXX , full-dose @entity136 , and concurrent @entity1161 in @entity788 .

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine a biweekly dose of @entity901 for combination with full-dose @entity136 and concurrent @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated @entity788 received @entity136 days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity901 days 1 and 15, repeated at 28-day intervals. @entity1161 (27 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions) was administered during cycle 1. Dose escalation was guided using the time-to-event continuous reassessment method. Dose levels 1 to 4 included @entity136 1 g/m2 intravenously (IV) during 30 minutes and @entity901 40, 55, 70, or 85 mg/m2 IV during 90 minutes, respectively; for dose levels 5 and 6, @entity901 dose remained 85 mg/m2 but infusion time for @entity136 1 g/m2 was increased to 65 or 100 minutes, respectively. The trial objective was to determine the dose level associated with dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) through cycle 2 in < or = 20% of @entity1 . RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 were enrolled (median age, 64 years; 27 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ) with resectable (n = 12), unresectable (n = 29), and metastatic (n = 3) @entity788 . Ten DLTs occurred in nine @entity1 , including grade 4 platelets (n = 4), decline in performance status (n = 2), @entity548 (n = 2), and @entity137 (n = 2). The estimated probability of DLT for dose level 3 was .21 (90% posterior probability interval [PI], .12 to .33); for dose level 4, the estimated probability was .24 (90% PI, .14 to .36). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity901 85 mg/m2 days 1 and 15 to full-dose @entity136 and @entity1161 was well tolerated. On the basis of these results, a multi-institutional neoadjuvant phase II study in resectable @entity788 is planned.

title: Phase I study of @entity901 , full-dose @entity136 , and concurrent XXXX in @entity788 .

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine a biweekly dose of @entity901 for combination with full-dose @entity136 and concurrent @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with previously untreated @entity788 received @entity136 days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity901 days 1 and 15, repeated at 28-day intervals. @entity1161 (27 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions) was administered during cycle 1. Dose escalation was guided using the time-to-event continuous reassessment method. Dose levels 1 to 4 included @entity136 1 g/m2 intravenously (IV) during 30 minutes and @entity901 40, 55, 70, or 85 mg/m2 IV during 90 minutes, respectively; for dose levels 5 and 6, @entity901 dose remained 85 mg/m2 but infusion time for @entity136 1 g/m2 was increased to 65 or 100 minutes, respectively. The trial objective was to determine the dose level associated with dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) through cycle 2 in < or = 20% of @entity1 . RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 were enrolled (median age, 64 years; 27 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ) with resectable (n = 12), unresectable (n = 29), and metastatic (n = 3) @entity788 . Ten DLTs occurred in nine @entity1 , including grade 4 platelets (n = 4), decline in performance status (n = 2), @entity548 (n = 2), and @entity137 (n = 2). The estimated probability of DLT for dose level 3 was .21 (90% posterior probability interval [PI], .12 to .33); for dose level 4, the estimated probability was .24 (90% PI, .14 to .36). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity901 85 mg/m2 days 1 and 15 to full-dose @entity136 and @entity1161 was well tolerated. On the basis of these results, a multi-institutional neoadjuvant phase II study in resectable @entity788 is planned.

title: Phase I study of @entity901 , full-dose XXXX , and concurrent @entity1161 in @entity788 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: AIMS: The clinical effectiveness of @entity3446 -eluting stents (SES) for treatment of @entity1 with saphenous vein graft disease is not well defined. This analysis sought to evaluate the clinical follow-up after treatment of stenotic saphenous vein grafts using SES in a large @entity1 registry. @entity1 treated with SES for saphenous vein graft disease were compared with @entity1 receiving SES in native @entity66 . METHOD: This is a subanalysis from the prospective multicenter German Cypher Stent Registry. Only @entity1 with completed 6 months clinical follow-up were included. The analysis comprises 344 @entity1 with 353 lesions in saphenous vein grafts treated with 400 SES (Cypher, Cordis Inc., Cordis Corp., Warren, New Jersey, USA) and 6411 @entity1 with 7607 native coronary artery lesions treated with 8725 SES. RESULTS: Mean SES length per lesion was 22.6+/-11.7 mm and mean stent diameter 3.0+/-0.3 mm in saphenous vein graft lesions. Target vessel revascularization rate was 18.1% and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) rate was 23.8% at 6-month follow-up after SES implantation for saphenous vein graft lesions. Even after adjustment for different baseline characteristics, @entity177 and MACE rate were significantly higher after SES implantation for saphenous vein graft lesions than for native @entity3979 [odds ratio: 2.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.40-3.13), P<0.001] and [odds ratio: 2.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.49-3.09), P<0.001], respectively. CONCLUSION: Treatment of saphenous vein graft disease is associated with high target vessel revascularization and MACE rates also with the use of SES if applied to unselected @entity1 . Target vessel revascularization and MACE rates remain significantly higher after SES for saphenous vein graft lesions than after SES in native @entity66 .

title: Implantation of XXXX -eluting stents in saphenous vein grafts is associated with high clinical follow-up event rates compared with treatment of native vessels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['target vessel failure']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary vessel stenosis']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High prevalence of @entity65 factors has been observed in Spain along with low incidence of @entity583 . Our objective was to determine the trends of @entity65 factor prevalence between 1995 and 2005 in the 35-74-year-old population of Gerona, Spain. DESIGN: Comparison of cross-sectional studies were conducted in random population samples in 1995, 2000, and 2005 at Gerona, Spain. METHODS: An electrocardiogram was obtained, along with standardized measurements of body mass index, lipid profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycaemia, energy expenditure in physical activity, smoking, use of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications, and @entity65 . Prevalence of @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity28 was calculated and standardized for age. RESULTS: A total of 7571 individuals (52.0% @entity1 ) were included (response rate 72%). Low-density lipoprotein @entity165 >3.4 mmol/l (130 mg/dl) (49.7%) and @entity101 (39.1%) were the most prevalent @entity65 factors. In 1995, 2000 and 2005, low-density lipoprotein @entity165 decreased in both @entity1 and @entity1 : 4.05-3.91-3.55 mmol/l (156-151-137 mg/dl) and 3.84-3.81-3.40 mmol/l (148-147-131 mg/dl), respectively. Increases were observed in lipid-lowering drug use (5.7-6.3-9.6% in @entity1 and 4.0-5.8-8.0% in @entity1 ), controlled @entity101 (14.8-35.4-37.7% in @entity1 and 21.3-36.9-45.0% in @entity1 ); (all P-trends <0.01), and @entity28 (greatest for @entity1 : 17.5-26.0-22.7%, P-trends=0.020). Prevalence of @entity583 or possibly abnormal Q waves in electrocardiogram also increased significantly (3.9-4.7-6.4%, P-trends=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity65 factor prevalence change in Gerona was marked in this decade by a shift of total @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 distributions to the left, independent of the increase in lipid-lowering drug use, and better @entity101 control with increased use of antihypertensive drugs.

title: Trends in XXXX factor prevalence (1995-2000-2005) in northeastern Spain.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Many @entity1 with @entity0 report late with @entity1442 . It is not known if recent breast awareness education programmes have led to a change in this trend at the Korle Bu Teaching hospital (KBTH). METHOD: A prospective study of the characteristics of @entity0 @entity1 seen by a surgical unit at KBTH over a three year period. RESULTS: There were 158 @entity1 , 156 females and 2 males. The age group most commonly affected was 40-49. The upper outer quadrant of the breast was affected in 67/158 (42.4%) and all quadrants affected in 29/158 (18.4%). Ninety one (57.6%) had Stage III - IV disease and the average duration of symptoms was 10 months. Average @entity5 size was 6cm x 7cm. Diagnosis was by triple assessment with Fine needle aspiration cytology the most frequently used pathological investigation. @entity513 was the commonest pathological type (115/134). Eighty three (52.5%) had mastectomy and 12 (7.6%) had wide local excision. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given to 77/123 (62.6%), 5 of whom had complete pathological response. Fifty five (34.8%) were lost to follow up: 20 before treatment commenced, 15 during or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 14 after treatment. Eleven developed lymphoedema. There were 42 metastatic events affecting 35 @entity1 during follow-up, including pleura (11), brain (10) and lungs (9). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 continues to affect a young population and @entity1 still present late with @entity1442 . Education needs to be intensified, but research into the reasons for late presentation will help address the reasons/misconceptions responsible for this state of affairs.

title: A study of XXXX in korle bu teaching hospital: assessing the impact of health education.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Simultaneous inhibition of @entity3646 and @entity4047 via the common receptor chain @entity9597 to block adequately their biologic effects presents a promising therapeutic approach to give the additional relief required for @entity565 @entity1 . In this study, superparamagnetic @entity1933 nanoparticles were conjugated with anti- @entity9597 blocking antibodies via @entity968 ( @entity970 ) polymers. The delivery of these blocking antibodies to the inflammatory sites in the lung via the developed nanocarriers was assessed using noninvasive free-breathing pulmonary MRI. Biocompatibility assays confirmed the safety of the developed nanocarriers for pre-clinical investigations. For all the investigated formulations, nanocarriers were found to be very stable at neutral pH. However, the stability noticeably decreased with the @entity970 length in acidic environment and thus the loaded antibodies were preferentially released. Immunofluorescence and fluorimetry assays confirmed the binding of the nanocarriers to the @entity9597 @entity565 biomarker. Pulmonary MRI performed using an ultra-short echo time sequence allowed simultaneous noninvasive monitoring of inflammatory responses induced by @entity10328 challenge and tracking of the developed nanocarriers, which were found to colocalize with the inflammatory sites in the lung. Targeting of the developed nanocarriers to areas rich in @entity9597 positive inflammatory cells was confirmed using histological and flow cytometry analyses. The anti- @entity9597 -conjugated nanocarriers developed here have been confirmed to be efficient in targeting key inflammatory cells during chronic @entity55 following intrapulmonary administration. Targeting efficiency was monitored using noninvasive MRI, allowing detection of the nanocarriers' colocalizations with the inflammatory sites in the lung of @entity10328 -challenged asthmatic @entity19 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Specific targeting and noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of an @entity565 biomarker in the lung using XXXX functionalized magnetic nanocarriers.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Simultaneous inhibition of @entity3646 and @entity4047 via the common receptor chain @entity9597 to block adequately their biologic effects presents a promising therapeutic approach to give the additional relief required for @entity565 @entity1 . In this study, superparamagnetic @entity1933 nanoparticles were conjugated with anti- @entity9597 blocking antibodies via @entity968 ( @entity970 ) polymers. The delivery of these blocking antibodies to the inflammatory sites in the lung via the developed nanocarriers was assessed using noninvasive free-breathing pulmonary MRI. Biocompatibility assays confirmed the safety of the developed nanocarriers for pre-clinical investigations. For all the investigated formulations, nanocarriers were found to be very stable at neutral pH. However, the stability noticeably decreased with the @entity970 length in acidic environment and thus the loaded antibodies were preferentially released. Immunofluorescence and fluorimetry assays confirmed the binding of the nanocarriers to the @entity9597 @entity565 biomarker. Pulmonary MRI performed using an ultra-short echo time sequence allowed simultaneous noninvasive monitoring of inflammatory responses induced by @entity10328 challenge and tracking of the developed nanocarriers, which were found to colocalize with the inflammatory sites in the lung. Targeting of the developed nanocarriers to areas rich in @entity9597 positive inflammatory cells was confirmed using histological and flow cytometry analyses. The anti- @entity9597 -conjugated nanocarriers developed here have been confirmed to be efficient in targeting key inflammatory cells during chronic @entity55 following intrapulmonary administration. Targeting efficiency was monitored using noninvasive MRI, allowing detection of the nanocarriers' colocalizations with the inflammatory sites in the lung of @entity10328 -challenged asthmatic @entity19 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Specific targeting and noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of an XXXX biomarker in the lung using @entity968 functionalized magnetic nanocarriers.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Prayer is one kind of worship that is composed of repetitive action during praying in Islam. The prayer is performed five times a day, every Friday, bairams and @entity204 ceremonies. The aim of this study is to search the role of this repetitive action on knee, @entity570 and @entity170 . Forty-six @entity1 who had been performing the prayer at least for 10 years, and 40 @entity1 who had not performed the prayer, were included in this prospective study. Each @entity1 was evaluated with standard questionnaire form, joint examination was done and various laboratory parameters were studied. Anterior-posterior radiography of the pelvis and weight-bearing knees of each @entity1 were examined. Each film was evaluated by two investigators separately and first scored by using Kellgren and Lawrence (K_L) scale, then the width of the joint space of hips and knees were measured directly using a steel ruler and recorded to the nearest half millimeter. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine and femur was measured. @entity1 having Heberden's nodes, @entity22336 , and carpometacarpal disease were frequent in worshiper group. Joint space width measurements and assessment according to K_L scale did not differ between worshipers and non-worshipers. BMD of lumbar spine was decreased in worshipers and also decreased with @entity1 having Heberden's nodes, @entity22336 , female gender and age. Prayer has no effect on knee and @entity570 , and may be related with @entity571 . It seems to have negative effect on lumbar BMD, but further investigations are needed.

title: Effect of prayer on @entity571 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['hand osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity22336 :: ('MESH:D011213', 'Disease') :: ["Bouchard's nodes"]

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: Prayer is one kind of worship that is composed of repetitive action during praying in Islam. The prayer is performed five times a day, every Friday, bairams and @entity204 ceremonies. The aim of this study is to search the role of this repetitive action on knee, @entity570 and @entity170 . Forty-six @entity1 who had been performing the prayer at least for 10 years, and 40 @entity1 who had not performed the prayer, were included in this prospective study. Each @entity1 was evaluated with standard questionnaire form, joint examination was done and various laboratory parameters were studied. Anterior-posterior radiography of the pelvis and weight-bearing knees of each @entity1 were examined. Each film was evaluated by two investigators separately and first scored by using Kellgren and Lawrence (K_L) scale, then the width of the joint space of hips and knees were measured directly using a steel ruler and recorded to the nearest half millimeter. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine and femur was measured. @entity1 having Heberden's nodes, @entity22336 , and carpometacarpal disease were frequent in worshiper group. Joint space width measurements and assessment according to K_L scale did not differ between worshipers and non-worshipers. BMD of lumbar spine was decreased in worshipers and also decreased with @entity1 having Heberden's nodes, @entity22336 , female gender and age. Prayer has no effect on knee and @entity570 , and may be related with @entity571 . It seems to have negative effect on lumbar BMD, but further investigations are needed.

title: Effect of prayer on XXXX and @entity170 .

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: A feed-forward neural network was investigated to predict the occurrence of lung radiation-induced Grade 2+ @entity55 . The database consisted of 235 @entity1 with @entity2 treated using radiotherapy, of whom 34 were diagnosed with Grade 2+ @entity55 at follow-up. The network was constructed using an algorithm that alternately grew and pruned it, starting from the smallest possible network, until a satisfactory solution was found. The weights and biases of the network were computed using the error back-propagation approach. Momentum and variable leaning techniques were used to speed convergence. Using the growing/pruning approach, the network selected features from 66 dose and 27 non-dose variables. During network training, the 235 @entity1 were randomly split into ten groups of approximately equal size. Eight groups were used to train the network, one group was used for early stopping training to prevent overfitting, and the remaining group was used as a test to measure the generalization capability of the network (cross-validation). Using this methodology, each of the ten groups was considered, in turn, as the test group (ten-fold cross-validation). For the optimized network constructed with input features selected from dose and non-dose variables, the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve for cross-validated testing was 0.76 (sensitivity: 0.68, specificity: 0.69). For the optimized network constructed with input features selected only from dose variables, the area under the ROC curve for cross-validation was 0.67 (sensitivity: 0.53, specificity: 0.69). The difference between these two areas was statistically significant (p = 0.020), indicating that the addition of non-dose features can significantly improve the generalization capability of the network. A network for prospective testing was constructed with input features selected from dose and non-dose variables (all data were used for training). The optimized network architecture consisted of six input nodes (features), four hidden nodes, and one output node. The six input features were: lung volume receiving > 16 Gy (V16), generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) for the exponent a = 1 (mean lung dose), gEUD for the exponent a = 3.5, free expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), diffusion capacity of @entity1223 (DLCO%), and whether or not the @entity1 underwent chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy. The significance of each input feature was individually evaluated by omitting it during network training and gauging its impact by the consequent deterioration in cross-validated ROC area. With the exception of FEV1 and whether or not the @entity1 underwent chemotherapy prior to radiotherapy, all input features were found to be individually significant (p < 0.05). The network for prospective testing is publicly available via internet access.

title: A neural network model to predict lung radiation-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE. We investigated the feasibility of delivering an individualized, progressive, high-repetition @entity2045 ( @entity2045 ) task-specific training protocol for @entity1 with @entity64 in the inpatient rehabilitation setting. METHOD. Fifteen @entity1 with @entity2045 paresis participated in this study. Task-specific @entity2045 training was scheduled for 60 min/day, 4 days/wk, during occupational therapy for the duration of a @entity1 's inpatient stay. During each session, @entity1 were challenged to complete >= 300 repetitions of various tasks. RESULTS. @entity1 averaged 289 repetitions/session, spending 47 of 60 min in active training. @entity1 improved on impairment and activity level outcome measures. CONCLUSION. @entity1 with @entity64 in an inpatient setting can achieve hundreds of repetitions of task-specific training in 1-hr sessions. As expected, all @entity1 improved on functional outcome measures. Future studies are needed to determine whether this high-repetition training program results in better outcomes than current @entity2045 interventions.

title: Feasibility of high-repetition, task-specific training for individuals with XXXX paresis.

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper-extremity', 'UE']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants', 'people', 'People']

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['upper-extremity']


abstract: @entity2737 ( @entity2737 ) continue to be a major cause of concern after cardiac surgery. It leads to prolonged hospital stay and increased morbidity, mortality and increased hospital costs. Prophylactic systemic antibiotics have been used to prevent @entity281 ( @entity281 ). However, prolonged postoperative use of systemic antibiotics can lead to emergence of resistant organisms. @entity801 Containing Collagen Implants (GCCI) when used during sternotomy closure produces high local antibiotic concentrations in the wound with a low serum concentration. There is evidence that the concentration of @entity801 in the mediastinal fluid reaches levels high enough to be effective against bacteria that are considered resistant to @entity801 and other antibiotics.However, questions have been raised about the safety and efficacy of GCCI. There were concerns whether GCCI can lead to systemic absorption with @entity8 and whether use of topical antibiotics can lead to emergence of antimicrobial resistance.We, hereby, review the literature on GCCI (Collatamp) and take the opportunity to appraise the scientific community about their role in cardiac surgery. Several recent studies have supported their clinical effectiveness. They should be used in dry condition and should not be soaked in saline even for a short period prior to use. However, for GCCI to become part of routine practice in cardiac surgery further large randomised studies are required. As the incidence of sternal wound infection is low in the specialty of cardiac surgery, for any study to be sufficiently powered to address this issue, multicenter studies might be the way forward.Based on the evidence presented in this manuscript it is recommended GCCI (Collatamp) can be a cost effective adjunct for prevention of sternal wound infection. They can also be used for treatment of @entity2737 .

title: Role of topical application of XXXX containing collagen implants in cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamycin', 'gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Deep Sternal Wound Infection', 'SWI', 'Sternal wound infections']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Small anterior communicating @entity438 with recurrent @entity548 and adjacent @entity1410 may have a high risk of post-operative rebleeding. This clinical study summarizes our preliminary experience with this subset of @entity439 , which were treated with endovascular coiling and subsequent Onyx 34 @entity887 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 9 @entity1 suffering from small anterior communicating @entity438 treated with the combination of coils and Onyx. The clinical characteristics, angiographic outcomes, and follow-up results are reviewed. RESULTS: Endovascular coiling and Onyx @entity887 were successfully accomplished in all 9 cases. The Raymond scale ratings of the treatments are all class I with the parent arteries kept patent. One @entity1 died of severe @entity2657 on the 5th post-operative day. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) score for the other 8 @entity1 at follow-ups (6m to 26m, 15.8m on average) was 0 in 5 cases, 1 in 2 cases, and 3 in 1 case. Seven of 8 @entity1 (87.5%) underwent angiographic follow-up that demonstrated persistent durable occlusion with no recanalization. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular coiling and subsequent Onyx 34 @entity887 may be effective in treating anterior communicating @entity438 with adjacent @entity1410 . Further studies with larger sample size and adequate follow-up are required to verify its safety and efficacy as well as to evaluate the long-term outcome.

title: Application of endovascular coiling and subsequent Onyx 34 XXXX in anterior communicating @entity438 with adjacent @entity1410 .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['embolization']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Small anterior communicating @entity438 with recurrent @entity548 and adjacent @entity1410 may have a high risk of post-operative rebleeding. This clinical study summarizes our preliminary experience with this subset of @entity439 , which were treated with endovascular coiling and subsequent Onyx 34 @entity887 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 9 @entity1 suffering from small anterior communicating @entity438 treated with the combination of coils and Onyx. The clinical characteristics, angiographic outcomes, and follow-up results are reviewed. RESULTS: Endovascular coiling and Onyx @entity887 were successfully accomplished in all 9 cases. The Raymond scale ratings of the treatments are all class I with the parent arteries kept patent. One @entity1 died of severe @entity2657 on the 5th post-operative day. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) score for the other 8 @entity1 at follow-ups (6m to 26m, 15.8m on average) was 0 in 5 cases, 1 in 2 cases, and 3 in 1 case. Seven of 8 @entity1 (87.5%) underwent angiographic follow-up that demonstrated persistent durable occlusion with no recanalization. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular coiling and subsequent Onyx 34 @entity887 may be effective in treating anterior communicating @entity438 with adjacent @entity1410 . Further studies with larger sample size and adequate follow-up are required to verify its safety and efficacy as well as to evaluate the long-term outcome.

title: Application of endovascular coiling and subsequent Onyx 34 @entity887 in anterior communicating @entity438 with adjacent XXXX .

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Small anterior communicating @entity438 with recurrent @entity548 and adjacent @entity1410 may have a high risk of post-operative rebleeding. This clinical study summarizes our preliminary experience with this subset of @entity439 , which were treated with endovascular coiling and subsequent Onyx 34 @entity887 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 9 @entity1 suffering from small anterior communicating @entity438 treated with the combination of coils and Onyx. The clinical characteristics, angiographic outcomes, and follow-up results are reviewed. RESULTS: Endovascular coiling and Onyx @entity887 were successfully accomplished in all 9 cases. The Raymond scale ratings of the treatments are all class I with the parent arteries kept patent. One @entity1 died of severe @entity2657 on the 5th post-operative day. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) score for the other 8 @entity1 at follow-ups (6m to 26m, 15.8m on average) was 0 in 5 cases, 1 in 2 cases, and 3 in 1 case. Seven of 8 @entity1 (87.5%) underwent angiographic follow-up that demonstrated persistent durable occlusion with no recanalization. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular coiling and subsequent Onyx 34 @entity887 may be effective in treating anterior communicating @entity438 with adjacent @entity1410 . Further studies with larger sample size and adequate follow-up are required to verify its safety and efficacy as well as to evaluate the long-term outcome.

title: Application of endovascular coiling and subsequent Onyx 34 @entity887 in anterior communicating XXXX with adjacent @entity1410 .

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Integrating mental health with general medical care can increase access to mental health services, but requires helping generalists acquire a range of unfamiliar knowledge and master potentially complex diagnostic and treatment processes. METHOD: We describe a model for integrating complex specialty care with generalist/primary care, using as an illustration the integration of mental health into hospital-based @entity645 treatment services in Ethiopia. Generalists and specialists collaboratively developed mental health treatments to fit the knowledge, skills and resources of the generalists. The model recognizes commonalities between mental health and general medical care, focusing on practical interventions acceptable to @entity1 . It was developed through a process of literature review, interviews, observing clinical practice, pilot trainings and expert consultation. Preliminary evaluation results were obtained by debriefing generalist trainees after their return to their clinical sites. RESULTS: In planning interviews, generalists reported discomfort making mental health diagnoses but recognition of symptom groups including low mood, @entity148 , thought problems, poor @entity1 behaviour, @entity410 and substance use. Diagnostic and treatment algorithms were developed for these groups and tailored to the setting by including possible medical causes and burdens of living with @entity645 . First-line treatment included modalities familiar to generalists: empathetic @entity1 -provider interactions, psychoeducation, cognitive reframing, referral to community supports and elements of symptom-specific evidence-informed counselling. Training introduced basic skills, with evolving expertise supported by job aides and ongoing support from mental health nurses cross-trained in @entity645 testing. Feedback from trainees suggested the programme fit well with generalists' settings and clinical goals. CONCLUSIONS: An integration model based on collaboratively developing processes that fit the generalist setting shows promise as a method for incorporating complex, multi-faceted interventions into general medical settings. Formal evaluations will be needed to compare the quality of care provided with more traditional approaches and to determine the resources required to sustain quality over time.

title: Collaboratively reframing mental health for integration of XXXX care in Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding the risk factors for @entity204 after knee replacement could help to reduce the risk of mortality after this procedure. We assessed secular trends in @entity204 within 45 days of knee replacement for @entity571 in England and Wales, with the aim of investigating whether any change that we recorded could be explained by alterations in modifiable perioperative factors. METHODS: We took data for knee replacements done for @entity571 in England and Wales between April 1, 2003, and Dec 31, 2011, from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales. @entity1 identifiers were used to link these data to the national mortality database and the Hospital Episode Statistics database to obtain details of @entity204 , sociodemographics, and comorbidity. We assessed mortality within 45 days by Kaplan-Meier analysis and assessed the role of @entity1 and treatment factors by Cox proportional hazards models. FINDINGS: 467,779 primary knee replacements were done to treat @entity571 during 9 years. 1183 @entity1 died within 45 days of surgery, with a substantial secular decrease in mortality from 0  37% in 2003 to 0  20% in 2011, even after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidity. The use of unicompartmental knee replacement was associated with substantially lower mortality than was total knee replacement (hazard ratio [HR] 0  32, 95% CI 0  19   0  54, p<0  0005). Several comorbidities were associated with increased mortality: @entity583 (HR 3  46, 95% CI 2  81   4  14, p<0  0005), @entity66 (3  35, 2  7   4  14, p<0  0005), moderate/severe @entity409 (7  2, 3  93   13  21, p<0  0005), and @entity8 (2  18, 1  76   2  69, p<0  0005). Modifiable perioperative risk factors, including surgical approach and thromboprophylaxis were not associated with mortality. INTERPRETATION: Postoperative mortality after knee replacement has fallen substantially between 2003 and 2011. Efforts to further reduce mortality should concentrate more on older @entity1 , those who are male and those with specific comorbidities, such as @entity583 , @entity66 , @entity409 , and @entity8 . FUNDING: National Joint Registry for England and Wales.

title: 45-day mortality after 467,779 knee replacements for XXXX from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'death']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity4861 ( @entity4861 ), an inherited salt-losing tubulopathy, are usually treated with @entity972 -sparing diuretics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral @entity972 and @entity1760 supplementations. However, evidence supporting these treatment options is limited to case series studies. We designed an open-label, randomized, crossover study with blind end point evaluation to compare the efficacy and safety of 6-week treatments with one time daily 75 mg slow-release @entity3352 , 150 mg @entity14292 , or 20 mg @entity6478 added to constant @entity972 and @entity1760 supplementation in 30 @entity1 with @entity4861 (individual participation: 48 weeks). Baseline plasma @entity972 concentration was 2.8  0.4 mmol/L and increased by 0.38 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.23 to 0.53; P<0.001) with @entity3352 , 0.15 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.29; P=0.03) with @entity14292 , and 0.19 mmol/L (95% CI, 0.05 to 0.33; P<0.01) with @entity6478 . Fifteen @entity1 became normokalemic: six with @entity3352 , three with @entity14292 , and six with @entity6478 . @entity3352 significantly reduced @entity470 and plasma @entity916 concentration. @entity14292 and @entity6478 each increased plasma @entity1369 by 3-fold and @entity916 concentration slightly but did not significantly change @entity470 . BP did not significantly change. Eight @entity1 discontinued treatment early because of gastrointestinal intolerance to @entity3352 (six @entity1 ) and @entity551 with @entity14292 (two @entity1 ). In conclusion, each drug increases plasma @entity972 concentration in @entity1 with @entity4861 . @entity3352 was the most effective but can cause gastrointestinal intolerance and decreased @entity470 . @entity6478 and @entity14292 have similar but lower efficacies and increase @entity1372 depletion. The benefit/risk ratio of each drug should be carefully evaluated for each @entity1 .

title: XXXX , @entity6478 , or @entity14292 for Treating Hypokalemia in @entity4861 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['eplerenone', 'Eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiloride', 'amiloride']

entities_list: @entity4861 :: ('MESH:D053579', 'Disease') :: ['GS', 'Gitelman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['Indomethacin']