abstract: In the year 2000, the level of @entity23572 ( @entity72521 ) @entity566 in dermatology clinics in Europe exceeded the level of @entity566 to all other preservatives, with a prevalence of 3.5%. In the present study, cases of primary sensitization and elicitation to @entity72521 due to cosmetic products were collected over an 8-month period at the Department of Dermatology, Gentofte University Hospital. The aim was to identify the products related to hand @entity484 , assess exposure to @entity72521 in these products and relate the findings to results from a newly developed updated risk assessment model for contact @entity566 . Out of 24 @entity1 with a positive patch test to @entity72521 , 17 @entity1 with hand @entity484 were identified. In 11 of these @entity1 , cosmetic products used in relation to the onset of the disease were shown to contain @entity72521 (65%). In 8 of these 11 cases, primary sensitization was probable, 5 due to hand/body lotions and 3 due to lotions and/or liquid hand soap. Chemical analysis of 12 products showed that lotions contained 149-390 ppm of @entity72521 , liquid hand soap 144-399 ppm, a rinsing cream 293 ppm and shampoos 78-79 ppm. The shampoo exposure was not of certain relevance to the @entity484 . Applying the newly developed updated risk assessment model showed that the concentrations of @entity72521 in lotions of 149-390 ppm exceeded the calculated maximum acceptable exposure level for @entity72521 , which would be expected to lead to sensitization in consumers using such products, as seen in the current study. The present cases and updated exposure-based risk assessment process add to the evidence and need for re-defining safe-use concentrations of @entity72521 in cosmetic products.

title: XXXX : clinical experience and exposure-based risk assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity23572 :: ('MESH:C039411', 'Chemical') :: ['methyldibromo glutaronitrile']

answer: @entity23572 :: (MESH:C039411,Chemical) :: ['Methyldibromo glutaronitrile']


abstract: @entity632 ( @entity632 ), one of the most active cytotoxic antineoplastic agents, can cause @entity712 . This side effect is dose-dependent, the frequency of @entity712 being 3% at a cumulative @entity632 dose of 400 mg/m2 and 18% at 700 mg/m2. It is assumed that @entity632 , or other @entity4349 derivatives, are still active when the @entity1370 level is reached. In this retrospective study of 171 @entity1 with various metastatic @entity5 , the total dose of @entity632 given to the @entity1 and the reasons for withholding the treatment have been analyzed. Overall, among the 171 @entity1 treated by @entity632 -containing combination chemotherapy, 54 objective remissions (31%) were observed. Remissions were more frequent in untreated @entity1 (52%) than in previously treated @entity1 (20%). In 36 of 54 @entity1 the disease progressed before the cumulative @entity1370 level was reached. @entity632 could be discontinued in only 18 @entity1 still in remission. 8 of 171 @entity1 received more than 450 mg/m2 @entity632 without @entity1370 side effects being observed. Among the 171 @entity1 , @entity1370 probably related to @entity8253 developed in 5 cases (3%), in all cases at a level below 450 mg/m2. These results suggest that in most cases @entity632 becomes inactive before the dose-limiting cumulative @entity1370 level is reached.

title: [Is the use of @entity632 ( @entity632 ) limited by its XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic', 'cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiotoxicity']


abstract: @entity632 ( @entity632 ), one of the most active cytotoxic antineoplastic agents, can cause @entity712 . This side effect is dose-dependent, the frequency of @entity712 being 3% at a cumulative @entity632 dose of 400 mg/m2 and 18% at 700 mg/m2. It is assumed that @entity632 , or other @entity4349 derivatives, are still active when the @entity1370 level is reached. In this retrospective study of 171 @entity1 with various metastatic @entity5 , the total dose of @entity632 given to the @entity1 and the reasons for withholding the treatment have been analyzed. Overall, among the 171 @entity1 treated by @entity632 -containing combination chemotherapy, 54 objective remissions (31%) were observed. Remissions were more frequent in untreated @entity1 (52%) than in previously treated @entity1 (20%). In 36 of 54 @entity1 the disease progressed before the cumulative @entity1370 level was reached. @entity632 could be discontinued in only 18 @entity1 still in remission. 8 of 171 @entity1 received more than 450 mg/m2 @entity632 without @entity1370 side effects being observed. Among the 171 @entity1 , @entity1370 probably related to @entity8253 developed in 5 cases (3%), in all cases at a level below 450 mg/m2. These results suggest that in most cases @entity632 becomes inactive before the dose-limiting cumulative @entity1370 level is reached.

title: [Is the use of XXXX ( @entity632 ) limited by its @entity1370 ?].

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: @entity632 ( @entity632 ), one of the most active cytotoxic antineoplastic agents, can cause @entity712 . This side effect is dose-dependent, the frequency of @entity712 being 3% at a cumulative @entity632 dose of 400 mg/m2 and 18% at 700 mg/m2. It is assumed that @entity632 , or other @entity4349 derivatives, are still active when the @entity1370 level is reached. In this retrospective study of 171 @entity1 with various metastatic @entity5 , the total dose of @entity632 given to the @entity1 and the reasons for withholding the treatment have been analyzed. Overall, among the 171 @entity1 treated by @entity632 -containing combination chemotherapy, 54 objective remissions (31%) were observed. Remissions were more frequent in untreated @entity1 (52%) than in previously treated @entity1 (20%). In 36 of 54 @entity1 the disease progressed before the cumulative @entity1370 level was reached. @entity632 could be discontinued in only 18 @entity1 still in remission. 8 of 171 @entity1 received more than 450 mg/m2 @entity632 without @entity1370 side effects being observed. Among the 171 @entity1 , @entity1370 probably related to @entity8253 developed in 5 cases (3%), in all cases at a level below 450 mg/m2. These results suggest that in most cases @entity632 becomes inactive before the dose-limiting cumulative @entity1370 level is reached.

title: [Is the use of @entity632 ( XXXX ) limited by its @entity1370 ?].

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: Proteins with internal repeats are highly conserved among budding @entity375 . In this study, the isolation of two proteins with internal repeats (PIR) genes, i.e. PpPIR1 and PpPIR2, from the methylotrophic @entity375 @entity10056 has been reported. The @entity72522 and @entity43595 genes' open reading frames were found to contain 1068 and 972 bases, respectively. The sequence homology search showed a homologous conserved repeat of PIR @entity375 block (SQIGDGQIQATT) in both proteins. The PIR @entity375 block was present eight times in the PpPir1p and four times in the PpPir2p proteins. Both proteins showed conserved @entity1160 (Q) and @entity2574 (D) in the repeated sequences, indicating a possible alkali-sensitive b1,3-glucan ester linkage. The fusion constructs of PpPir1-2p and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were developed for @entity375 cell surface display. The immunofluorescence assay showed uniform localization of EGFP protein on the @entity10056 cell surface in all fusion constructs. Furthermore, new vectors were developed for recombinant protein secretion in @entity10056 , utilizing the pre-pro signal of PpPir1p protein. Efficient processing of the signal sequence was observed from EGFP and human a1-antitrypsin (AAT) fusion constructs and recombinant protein secretion was obtained in the culture supernatant.

title: Isolation of XXXX PIR genes and their utilization for cell surface display and recombinant protein secretion.

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris', 'P. pastoris']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['Pichia pastoris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the resorption characteristics of dorsal onlay cartilage autografts from the septum, auricle, and rib. METHODS: Fourteen New Zealand white @entity95 underwent harvesting of equal-sized septal, auricular, and costal cartilage grafts free of perichondrium. All autografts were implanted subcutaneously on the nasal dorsum and then removed after 3 months. Graft mass, chondrocyte density, and histologic features from @entity1710 - @entity1711 -stained sections were compared before and 3 months after implantation. RESULTS: At 3 months after implantation, septal cartilage grafts averaged 30.8% resorption by weight, followed by auricular (23.1%) and costal (7.6%) cartilage. All 3 groups demonstrated similar changes in chondrocyte density and minor @entity730 at 3 months. There was no evidence of @entity39 or inflammatory changes in any of the specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Although the septum is often the preferred source of autogenous cartilage for nasal reconstruction, short-term resorption of septal cartilage appears to be higher for dorsal onlay grafts. The low resorption of costal cartilage may be due in part to its compact shape compared with septal and auricular cartilage. It remains to be seen whether these differences in resorption persist in the long term.

title: Dorsal onlay cartilage autografts: comparing resorption in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Caspase-cleaved @entity2873 (CCCK-18) is released during apoptosis. Serum CCCK-18 concentrations are associated with prognosis of some @entity3124 . We investigated the potential relationships between serum CCCK-18 concentrations and disease severity and long-term clinical outcomes after @entity1779 . METHODS: Serum CCCK-18 concentrations were determined in a total of 102 @entity1 and 102 controls. Multivariate models were used to predict high concentration of CCCK-18 and 6-month clinical outcomes. The predictive values were evaluated based on areas under receiver operating curve. RESULTS: Compared with controls, serum CCCK-18 concentrations were increased in @entity1 (245.8  108.3U/l vs. 23.6  18.1U/l, P<0.001). National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale scores [odds ratio (OR), 1.164; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.027-1.320; P=0.003] and @entity1410 volumes (OR, 1.079; 95% CI, 1.018-1.205; P=0.008) were independent predictors of high concentration of CCCK-18. CCCK-18 was identified as an independent predictor of 6-month mortality (OR, 1.019; 95% CI, 1.010-1.038; P=0.013) and 6-month unfavorable outcome (OR, 1.017; 95% CI, 1.008-1.029; P=0.032) and possessed high predictive values. CONCLUSION: Increased serum CCCK-18 concentrations are associated with disease severity and clinical outcomes, suggesting that CCCK represent a novel prognostic predictive biomarker after @entity1779 .

title: Predictive value of serum caspase-cleaved @entity2873 concentrations after acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Caspase-cleaved @entity2873 (CCCK-18) is released during apoptosis. Serum CCCK-18 concentrations are associated with prognosis of some @entity3124 . We investigated the potential relationships between serum CCCK-18 concentrations and disease severity and long-term clinical outcomes after @entity1779 . METHODS: Serum CCCK-18 concentrations were determined in a total of 102 @entity1 and 102 controls. Multivariate models were used to predict high concentration of CCCK-18 and 6-month clinical outcomes. The predictive values were evaluated based on areas under receiver operating curve. RESULTS: Compared with controls, serum CCCK-18 concentrations were increased in @entity1 (245.8  108.3U/l vs. 23.6  18.1U/l, P<0.001). National Institute of Health @entity64 Scale scores [odds ratio (OR), 1.164; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.027-1.320; P=0.003] and @entity1410 volumes (OR, 1.079; 95% CI, 1.018-1.205; P=0.008) were independent predictors of high concentration of CCCK-18. CCCK-18 was identified as an independent predictor of 6-month mortality (OR, 1.019; 95% CI, 1.010-1.038; P=0.013) and 6-month unfavorable outcome (OR, 1.017; 95% CI, 1.008-1.029; P=0.032) and possessed high predictive values. CONCLUSION: Increased serum CCCK-18 concentrations are associated with disease severity and clinical outcomes, suggesting that CCCK represent a novel prognostic predictive biomarker after @entity1779 .

title: Predictive value of serum caspase-cleaved XXXX concentrations after acute @entity1779 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2873 :: (3875,Gene) :: ['cytokeratin-18']


abstract: The @entity2199 genome encodes a single Hand bHLH transcription factor. Either @entity72523 or a @entity72523 deletion causes partially penetrant defects in viability and gonadogenesis. Dead embryos and young larvae are often misshapen at the posterior end. Our primary focus has been the role of @entity72523 in gonadogenesis. Wild-type @entity2199 has two somatic gonadal precursors and two primordial germ cells in stereotyped positions within its four-celled gonadal primordium. The @entity72523 gene affects the presence and position of both the somatic gonadal precursors and primordial germ cells within the primordium, but does not appear to have any role in later gonadogenesis. @entity72523 probably acts within the somatic gonadal precursors or their mesodermal predecessors; defects in primordial germ cells and germ line appear to be secondary. In @entity72523 mutants, somatic gonadal precursors are generated normally, but are not maintained properly and sometimes die. A similar role in controlling the maintenance of precursor fates has been described for other genes governing early organogenesis, including the @entity3392 Hand gene hands off. We also report the discovery of two genes, ehn-1 and @entity72524 , that have overlapping functions with @entity72523 in embryogenesis and gonadogenesis.

title: The XXXX Hand gene controls embryogenesis and early gonadogenesis.

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['C. elegans']


abstract: Epidermal cells in the root of @entity958 seedling differentiate either as hair or non-hair cells, while in the hypocotyl they become either stomatal or elongated cells. WEREWOLF (WER) and @entity35700 ( @entity35700 ) are positive regulators of non-hair and elongated cell development. @entity48031 ( @entity48031 ) is a positive regulator of hair cell development in the root. We show that WER, @entity35700 and @entity48031 are expressed and active during the stages of embryogenesis when the pattern of cells in the epidermis of the root-hypocotyl @entity2270 forms. @entity35700 is first expressed in the future epidermis in the heart stage embryo and its expression is progressively restricted to those cells that will acquire a non-hair identity in the transition between torpedo and mature stage. The expression of @entity35700 at the heart stage requires WER function. WER and @entity48031 are transiently expressed throughout the root epidermal layer in the torpedo stage embryo when the cell-specific pattern of @entity35700 expression is being established in the epidermis. We also show that WER positively regulates @entity48031 transcription and @entity35700 negatively regulates WER transcription in the mature embryo. We propose that the restriction of @entity35700 to the future non-hair cells in the root epidermis can be correlated with the activities of WER and @entity48031 during torpedo stage. In the @entity2085 we show that WER controls @entity35700 expression. We also provide evidence indicating that @entity48031 may also regulate @entity35700 expression in the hypocotyl.

title: Epidermal patterning genes are active during embryogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic hypocotyl']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The aim of the study was to analyze the association between prenatal environmental @entity286 smoke exposure (ETS) and @entity1 anthropometric parameters at birth such birth weight, length, head and chest circumference. The study population consisted of 107 pregnant @entity1 from Lodz district as the part of Polish Mother and @entity1 Cohort study. The @entity1 prenatal ETS exposure was assessed based on questionnaire with mothers and @entity4874 level in saliva collected three times in pregnancy. The level of @entity4874 in biological samples was analyzed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS ESI+). About 35% of the @entity1 were prenatally exposed to ETS. The birth weight of the @entity1 prenatally exposed to ETS was 335 g lower than the birth weight of non-exposed newborns p < 0.001 after adjustment for: maternal educational level, marital status, prepregnancy weight, @entity1 gender, and gestational age. The same refers to @entity1 length and chest circumference (coef. -1.1 cm; p = 0.03 and coef. -1.3 cm; p = 0.002 respectively). Taking into account the negative effect of prenatal exposure to ETS, more efforts need to be taken to eliminate @entity1 ETS exposure.

title: [Impact of prenatal environmental XXXX smoke exposure on birth parameters].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: Smoking @entity286 is a problem which is concerned with all environments including disabled @entity1 . It is involved in increasing a lot of diseases, especially intensify disability and earlier passing away. The main objective of this thesis was the assessment of the problem of being addicted to smoke @entity286 among disabled countrymen and the identification of the social and demographic factors, which have influence on smoking @entity286 by disabled @entity1 . The researches were done among disabled @entity1 lived in villages of Kalisz. The questionnaire of survey was an instrument of the research. Demographic features such as: gender, age, education, marital status, cause and the age of becoming disabled were analyzed. 175 disabled @entity1 (69 @entity1 and 96 @entity1 ) with the 18 - 45 age group were examined. Chi square test was capitalize on the statistical compilation. 5% mistake of deduction was accepted (p < 0.05). The statistical analysis showed dependence of smoking cigarettes on gender, cause and age of becoming disabled (p < 0.05). The identification of factors affected by smoking cigarettes allowed to isolate the smaller groups of disabled @entity1 to whom programs including healthy way of life should be promoted.

title: [Social and demographic factors v smoking XXXX among disabled countrymen].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: To allow vaccination irrespective of HLA type, DNA vaccines encoding full-length antigens are required. However, here, we demonstrate that the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding the full-length @entity1082 ) @entity1799 E7 and E6 proteins is highly reduced compared to vaccines encoding only the immunodominant epitope. Furthermore, the low remaining immunogenicity is essentially lost for both E7 and E6 when a nononcogenic "gene-shuffled" variant is utilized. To address these issues, we tested whether alterations in transgene design can restore the immunogenicity of full-length and gene-shuffled DNA vaccines. Remarkably, genetic fusion of E7 with @entity116 toxin fragment C (TTFC) resulted in a dramatic increase in immunogenicity both for the full-length and the gene-shuffled version of E7. Moreover, the TTFC fusion vaccines were more immunogenic than a vaccine encoding a fusion of E7 and mycobacterial @entity1457 protein-70, which has recently been tested in a clinical trial. Interestingly, vaccination with these TTFC fusion vaccines also resulted in extremely persistent T-cell responses. The E7-specific CD8(+) T cells induced by TTFC fusion vaccines were functional in terms of @entity379 production, formation of immunological memory, in vivo cytolytic activity and @entity5 eradication. Finally, we show that genetic fusion with TTFC also improves the immunogenicity of a gene-shuffled E6 DNA vaccine. These data demonstrate that genetic fusion with @entity116 toxin fragment C can dramatically improve the immunogenicity of full-length and gene-shuffled DNA vaccines. The DNA fusion vaccines developed here will be evaluated for the treatment of @entity189 in future studies.

title: Preclinical development of highly effective and safe DNA vaccines directed against XXXX E6 and E7.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['HPV 16']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal treatment for @entity4039 ( @entity4039 ) remains controversial. In Sweden, the standard treatment is unthreaded fixation over the physis, with the purpose to permit continued growth of the femoral neck. The aim of the present study was to verify and quantify longitudinal growth of the femoral neck after in situ pinning with the Hansson hook-pin. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 54 @entity1 treated with the Hansson hook-pin for @entity4039 between 2001 and 2009. The immediate postoperative radiograph and the radiograph after physeal closure (mean interval, 34 mo) were analyzed. Because the smooth Hansson hook-pin only has a grip fixation in the epiphysis, the femoral neck growth was determined as the difference in nail protrusion from the lateral cortex between the 2 radiographs. The femoral neck offset was also measured in all radiographs. RESULTS: Significant longitudinal growth occurred both in the slipped and the prophylactically treated contralateral hip by mean 7.1 mm (P<0.001) and 10.0 mm (P<0.001), respectively. There was no difference in growth between genders and no correlation between the amount of longitudinal growth and slip severity (range, 4.0 to 71,6 degrees; mean 27.3 degrees). Young @entity1 (less than 11 y) grew more than older @entity1 (more than 14 y), 12.1 vs. 4.2 mm, P=0.002. The femoral offset increased by mean 16% from mean 30.0 to 35.2 mm (P<0.001). The longitudinal growth of the femoral neck correlated with the increase in femoral offset (R=0.51, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Unthreaded fixation of @entity4039 with the Hansson hook-pin allows continued growth of the femoral neck. The remaining growth enables the @entity1 to achieve an almost anatomic offset of the hip. This is essential to optimize the abduction forces that stabilize the pelvis during gait. Future studies need to establish whether the longitudinal growth also results in improved remodelling of the proximal femur. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-retrospective comparative study.

title: Unthreaded Fixation of Slipped Capital XXXX Leads to Continued Growth of the Femoral Neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['slipped capital femoral epiphysis', 'SCFE']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['Femoral Epiphysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Restoration of flexion in the elbow is the priority in the management of @entity2685 . Current techniques of reconstructions, combining both nerve grafting and nerve transfer, allow more extensive repair, with additional targets: shoulder, elbow extension, hand. The transfer of intercostal nerves onto the nerve of the triceps long head is used to restore elbow extension. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the results of this procedure, in total @entity5300 with uninjured C5 and C6 roots. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with total @entity2685 were reviewed 24 months in average after intercostal nerves transfer. The average age of the @entity1 was twenty-nine years. The average time to surgery after occurrence of the injury was 5 months. Triceps re-innervation and strength of elbow extension were evaluated. RESULTS: The averaged time required for triceps re-innervation after intercostal nerve transfer was 9 months. Seven @entity1 achieved M4 elbow extension according to the Medical Research Council grading system. Two @entity1 achieved M3 elbow extension. Two @entity1 had poor results (M2 and M0). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Transfer of intercostal nerves onto the nerve of the triceps long head is a reliable procedure for the restoration of elbow extension in total @entity5300 .

title: Reanimation of elbow extension with intercostal nerves transfers in total XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus palsies', 'brachial plexus palsy']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries', 'brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity5300 :: (MESH:D020516,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus palsies']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the suitability of an improved version of an automatic segmentation method based on geodesic active regions (GAR) for segmenting cerebral vasculature with @entity439 from 3D x-ray reconstruction angiography (3DRA) and time of flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) images available in the clinical routine. METHODS: Three aspects of the GAR method have been improved: execution time, robustness to variability in imaging protocols, and robustness to variability in image spatial resolutions. The improved GAR was retrospectively evaluated on images from @entity1 containing @entity438 in the area of the @entity16260 and imaged with two modalities: 3DRA and TOF-MRA. Images were obtained from two clinical centers, each using different imaging equipment. Evaluation included qualitative and quantitative analyses of the segmentation results on 20 images from 10 @entity1 . The gold standard was built from 660 cross-sections (33 per image) of vessels and @entity439 , manually measured by interventional neuroradiologists. GAR has also been compared to an interactive segmentation method: isointensity surface extraction (ISE). In addition, since @entity1 had been imaged with the two modalities, we performed an intermodality agreement analysis with respect to both the manual measurements and each of the two segmentation methods. RESULTS: Both GAR and ISE differed from the gold standard within acceptable limits compared to the imaging resolution. GAR (ISE) had an average accuracy of 0.20 (0.24) mm for 3DRA and 0.27 (0.30) mm for TOF-MRA, and had a repeatability of 0.05 (0.20) mm. Compared to ISE, GAR had a lower qualitative error in the vessel region and a lower quantitative error in the @entity439 region. The repeatability of GAR was superior to manual measurements and ISE. The intermodality agreement was similar between GAR and the manual measurements. CONCLUSIONS: The improved GAR method outperformed ISE qualitatively as well as quantitatively and is suitable for segmenting 3DRA and TOF-MRA images from clinical routine.

title: Automated segmentation of cerebral vasculature with XXXX in 3DRA and TOF-MRA using geodesic active regions: an evaluation study.

entities_list: @entity16260 :: ('MESH:C536991', 'Disease') :: ['Circle of Willis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: With the growing number of biotechnology products and drug delivery systems entering preclinical and clinical studies, pharmacological imaging studies with PET play an increasingly significant role. Such studies often require investigation of slow and complex pharmacokinetics (PK). This suggests labeling of the drug candidate with radionuclides that have long physical half-lives. Among the currently available PET positron emitters,        I has the longest physical half-life (4.2 days). This, combined with the well-investigated behavior of @entity1496 in vivo, makes        I very attractive for pharmacological studies. However, the high energy of the positrons emitted by        I and the presence of single photons in the        I emission can potentially introduce limitations in the quantitative analysis of the images. The objective of this research was to determine whether the use of        I as a PET label provides data quality suitable for PK studies. The study was carried out using MicroPET P4 scanner ( @entity5377 ). Spatial resolution, count-rate performance, sensitivity and scatter fraction were measured using a line source and a cylindrical phantom. Model animal studies in @entity35 and @entity5434 were carried out using @entity1 recombinant proteins. The proteins were labeled with        I, up to 185 MBq/mg. The transaxial and axial spatial resolutions in the center of the camera were satisfactory and higher for OSEM3D/MAP than FORE-2DFBP (FWHM 2.52 vs 3.31 mm, and 3.10 vs 3.69 mm). Linearity of the true coincidence count-rate was observed up to 44 MBq. Animal studies demonstrated excellent delineation and resolution of even very small organs. At optimal doses, 2-10 MBq per animal for rodents and 4-10 MBq per kg of body weight for larger animals, the quality of numerical data was appropriate for PK analysis in all experimental timeframes from minutes (dynamic studies) to 10 days. Overall, the data suggest that        I is an excellent label for quantitative pharmacological PET imaging studies.

title: XXXX -124 as a label for pharmacological PET imaging.

entities_list: @entity5377 :: ('MESH:D053560', 'Disease') :: ['Siemens/Concorde Microsystems']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['Iodine']


abstract: OBJECT: This study was conducted both prospectively and retrospectively at one center over a period of 8 years. The population consisted of all @entity1 with both an age 18 years or younger and a diagnosed penetrating @entity130 (PMI) during the study interval. The authors analyzed factors determining outcome and demographic trends in this population, and they compared them with those in the more developed world. METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 were the victims of armed conflict, although no one was directly a party to any battle. This mechanism of injury is in strong opposition to data in the literature from developed countries, in which most missile injuries are the result of suicide or homicide or are even sports related. Moreover, all previous studies on the pediatric population have considered only injuries from gunshots, but authors of the current study have included injuries from other penetrating missiles as well. RESULTS: On cross tabulation analysis using the chi-square test, the factors shown to correlate with outcome included the Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score, @entity2300 , @entity1 age, hemodynamic status, and @entity16 . On multinomial regression analysis, the two strongest predictors of @entity204 were GCS score and @entity2300 . The GCS score and hemodynamic status were the strongest predictors of disability. CONCLUSIONS: There was no difference in the prognostic factors for PMI between developing or more developed countries. Glasgow @entity772 Scale score, @entity2300 , and hemodynamic status were the strongest predictors of outcome. In conflict zones in developing countries the victims were mostly innocent bystanders, whereas in the more developed countries homicides and suicides were the leading etiological factors.

title: XXXX to the pediatric brain in conflict zones.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['bihemispheric damage']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['missile injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Missile injury']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors present their experience in the surgical treatment of @entity91 by @entity79 . The pitfalls and advantages of the surgical technique are discussed, along with the long-term clinical results in 48 consecutive cases. METHODS: Forty-eight consecutive @entity1 in whom @entity91 was diagnosed between 1990 and 2009 were treated with frontal @entity717 and @entity5707 . Of these @entity1 , 38 (79%) were @entity1 and 10 (21%) were @entity1 . The age at the time of surgical treatment ranged between 4 and 42 months (mean    SD 11.4    8.7 months). The average follow-up period was 5.5    4.2 years (range 5 months-19 years). The preoperative and latest postoperative photographs of the @entity1 were evaluated for the following features: 1) shape of the forehead; 2) @entity10700 ; and 3) temporal @entity308 . Scores of 0, 1, or 2 were assigned for each item: 0 was normal, 1 meant moderate @entity85 , and 2 denoted severe @entity85 . RESULTS: In the early postoperative period, no complications were documented. The average hospitalization period was 4 days. Follow-up radiographs or 3D CT scans were obtained at regular intervals. The mean preoperative scores for the evaluated items were 1.38    0.49 for the shape of the forehead, 1.33    0.48 for @entity10700 , and 1.7    0.46 for the temporal @entity308 . The mean postoperative scores were 0.06    0.24 for the shape of the forehead, 0.21    0.4 for @entity10700 , and 0.67    0.48 for the temporal @entity308 . Overall, the total preoperative score dropped from 4.4 to 0.93 postoperatively (p < 0.05). All the @entity1 were contented with the cosmetic results. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection and treatment of metopic suture synostosis has a significant, favorable influence on the outcomes. Good understanding of the structural abnormality and the pathophysiological mechanisms of the possible complications is very important for performing proper surgical reconstruction.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX : technique and long-term results in 48 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity10700 :: ('MESH:C563509', 'Disease') :: ['hypotelorism']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['orbital bandeau remodeling and frontal bone rotation']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['frontoorbital bandeau remodeling']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['trigonocephaly', 'metopic synostosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['bone rotation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['trigonocephaly']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the course of @entity158 defined by Research Diagnostic Criteria for @entity2956 ( @entity20683 / @entity9321 ) over a period of 5 years, and to identify prognostic factors from baseline data. METHODS: Subjects were 155 consecutive @entity1 and 80 community cases identified from an age-stratified representative population sample; all met the primary selection criterion of reporting @entity158 in the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) or masticatory muscles. The 2 groups were combined to yield a total sample of 235 subjects (50 male, 185 female; mean age = 39 years). Subjects were evaluated at baseline, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years by trained examiners using standardized, reliable methods. Psychological and behavioral factors were assessed by self report. RESULTS: According to @entity20683 / @entity9321 criteria, 50 (31%) of the 165 subjects presenting with @entity158 ( @entity158 ) at baseline continued to have their disorder over a period of 5 years; 55 (33%) remitted, and 60 (36%) were recurrent cases. Bivariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that baseline @entity158 frequency, number of painful palpation sites, and total number of body sites with @entity158 were significant predictors of persistent vs remitted and recurrent cases. No predictors that distinguished remission vs recurrence could be identified. Thirty subjects from the 70 without a diagnosis of @entity158 at baseline developed a new @entity158 . A high baseline @entity2531 score (without @entity158 items) was a significant risk factor for onset of @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Muscle disorders classified by @entity20683 / @entity9321 are predominantly chronic or fluctuating @entity158 conditions, with a modest probability (31%) of remission.

title: Longitudinal outcome of XXXX : a 5-year epidemiologic study of muscle disorders defined by research diagnostic criteria for @entity2956 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['Temporomandibular Disorders']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial pain', 'MFP', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorders']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the course of @entity158 defined by Research Diagnostic Criteria for @entity2956 ( @entity20683 / @entity9321 ) over a period of 5 years, and to identify prognostic factors from baseline data. METHODS: Subjects were 155 consecutive @entity1 and 80 community cases identified from an age-stratified representative population sample; all met the primary selection criterion of reporting @entity158 in the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) or masticatory muscles. The 2 groups were combined to yield a total sample of 235 subjects (50 male, 185 female; mean age = 39 years). Subjects were evaluated at baseline, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years by trained examiners using standardized, reliable methods. Psychological and behavioral factors were assessed by self report. RESULTS: According to @entity20683 / @entity9321 criteria, 50 (31%) of the 165 subjects presenting with @entity158 ( @entity158 ) at baseline continued to have their disorder over a period of 5 years; 55 (33%) remitted, and 60 (36%) were recurrent cases. Bivariate statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that baseline @entity158 frequency, number of painful palpation sites, and total number of body sites with @entity158 were significant predictors of persistent vs remitted and recurrent cases. No predictors that distinguished remission vs recurrence could be identified. Thirty subjects from the 70 without a diagnosis of @entity158 at baseline developed a new @entity158 . A high baseline @entity2531 score (without @entity158 items) was a significant risk factor for onset of @entity158 . CONCLUSION: Muscle disorders classified by @entity20683 / @entity9321 are predominantly chronic or fluctuating @entity158 conditions, with a modest probability (31%) of remission.

title: Longitudinal outcome of @entity2956 : a 5-year epidemiologic study of muscle disorders defined by research diagnostic criteria for XXXX .

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorders']


abstract: @entity8314 is an uncommon maternal auto-antibody-associated disease characterized by cutaneous, cardiac, hepatic, hematological, neurological, and @entity358 . A retrospective study was performed to review clinical manifestations, investigation results, outcomes of @entity8314 @entity1 and their mothers at the Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital during 1993 to 2008. Seventeen @entity8314 @entity1 (10 @entity1 and seven @entity1 ) were identified. Cutaneous, cardiac, hepatobiliary, and hematological involvement was found in 70.6%, 64.7%, 52.9%, and 35.3% of @entity1 , respectively. @entity272 were erythematous patches (91.7%), subacute @entity3830 (50%), petechiae (41.7%), persistent @entity2321 marmorata (16.7%), and discoid lesions (8.3%). @entity6015 was found in nine cases, and @entity2526 were found in nine cases. All sera of @entity1 were positive for antinuclear antibodies. Patients (87.5%) showed positive antiRo/SSA, and 50% had positive antiLa/ @entity6016 antibodies. Most @entity8314 mothers (64.7%) were asymptomatic. Five mothers were diagnosed with @entity1252 , and one mother was diagnosed with @entity2406 . All maternal sera was positive for antinuclear antibodies and antiRo/SSA antibody. Seven @entity1 required pacemaker implantation. The mortality rate was 11.8%, caused by @entity712 and @entity55 . Antinuclear antibody tests should be used as one of the screening tests in mothers or @entity1 suspected of having @entity8314 .

title: XXXX : clinical character, investigation, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity8314 :: ('MESH:C536397', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal lupus erythematosus', 'neonatal lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity3830 :: ('MESH:D008178', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity6015 :: ('MESH:C535758', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart block']

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['mixed connective tissue disease']

answer: @entity8314 :: (MESH:C536397,Disease) :: ['Neonatal lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surface proteins are a key to a deeper understanding of the behaviour of Gram-positive bacteria interacting with the @entity1 gastro-intestinal tract. Such proteins contribute to cell wall synthesis and maintenance and are important for interactions between the bacterial cell and the @entity1 host. Since they are exposed and may play roles in pathogenicity, surface proteins are interesting targets for drug design. RESULTS: Using methods based on proteolytic "shaving" of bacterial cells and subsequent mass spectrometry-based protein identification, we have identified surface-located proteins in @entity22178 . In total 69 unique proteins were identified, few of which have been identified and characterized previously. 33 of these proteins are predicted to be cytoplasmic, whereas the other 36 are predicted to have surface locations (31) or to be secreted (5). Lipid-anchored proteins were the most dominant among the identified surface proteins. The seemingly most abundant surface proteins included a membrane protein with a potentially shedded extracellular sulfatase domain that could act on the @entity597 groups in mucin and a lipid-anchored @entity8516 reductase that could contribute to generation of reactive @entity26 species. CONCLUSIONS: The present proteome analysis gives an experimental impression of the protein landscape on the cell surface of the pathogenic bacterium E. faecalis. The 36 identified secreted (5) and surface (31) proteins included several proteins involved in cell wall synthesis, @entity5681 -regulated processes, and transport of solutes, as well as proteins with unknown function. These proteins stand out as interesting targets for further investigation of the interaction between @entity797 and its environment.

title: Identification of surface proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8516 :: ('CHEBI:29806', 'Chemical') :: ['fumarate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity22178 :: ('226185', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis V583']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity22178 :: (226185,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecalis V583']


abstract: Over the past decade, eastern Europe has experienced a resurgence of @entity8573 . A recent outbreak in Serbia, Yugoslavia, from December 2001 to January 2002, involving 309 @entity1 , revealed many of the causes for this reemergence. Epidemiological investigations indicate that the immediate cause of the recent outbreak was the consumption of smoked sausages produced by a small slaughterhouse or meat processor. However, failure of in-house meat inspection procedures and quality assurance as well as oversight by official veterinary control were also responsible. Further analysis of this breakdown in the food safety net revealed additional general factors that have yielded a seriously deficient veterinary control system, and these are factors that are relevant to the problems experienced throughout eastern Europe and other regions. The recent civil war that led to the breakup of the former Federation of Yugoslavia resulted in severe economic and demographic changes, including high inflation and external economic sanctions. This led to (1) the loss of large numbers of experienced @entity47934 and their replacement with inexperienced personnel, (2) a change in the @entity1707 industry with reduction in the number of large establishments with in-house inspection and replacement with more than 1,000 small abattoirs, too small to afford full-time in-house inspection, and (3) an increase in smallholder @entity1707 farming with reduced government oversight to ensure high standards in @entity1707 -rearing practices (infection risk management). The consequences of these events have been a 300% increase in Serbian @entity1707 infection and a concomittant large increase in @entity1 outbreaks. Before 1990, @entity1707 @entity8573 in Serbia was confined to 4 small districts, but today about one third of the Republic is considered endemic for @entity8573 . The reemergence of @entity8573 in Serbia illustrates the ability of this zoonosis to "leak" through a poorly maintained food safety barrier and the vulnerability of effective veterinary control to national and international events.

title: Social, political, and economic factors responsible for the reemergence of XXXX in Serbia: a case study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8573 :: ('MESH:D014235', 'Disease') :: ['trichinellosis']

entities_list: @entity47934 :: ('MESH:D000034', 'Disease') :: ['veterinary control officers']

answer: @entity8573 :: (MESH:D014235,Disease) :: ['trichinellosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) is prevalent in the emergency departments. Nearly 60% of them may lead to @entity1151 . A complete color-flow duplex ultrasound (CFDU), performed by the radiologists, is the most common diagnostic method used to detect @entity1150 . A limited B-mode compression technique (BMCT) can also be useful for the emergency specialists visiting suspicious cases. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of a BMCT done by emergency medicine residents with that of a CFDU in diagnosing the proximal @entity1150 of lower extremities. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on 74 @entity1 (41 @entity1 and 33 @entity1 ) presenting with @entity158 and swollen lower limbs in the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital. First, the affected lower extremity was examined by a BMCT carried out by one of the 2 emergency medicine residents. Then, the CFDU was performed by a radiologist blinded to the results of the BMCT. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the BMCT were compared with that of the CFDU as a gold standard. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 55.16    17.4 years. Positive results were reported in 35 @entity1 (47.3%) using the 2 tests. Compared with CFDU, BMCT had a sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values of 100%. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that BMCT performed by the emergency medicine specialists to diagnose proximal @entity1150 of lower extremities is not only an acceptable method but also less time-consuming when compared with CFDU.

title: The accuracy of limited B-mode compression technique in diagnosing XXXX in lower extremities.

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the findings of MR imaging and radiographic changes that occur in osseous structures adjacent to soft-tissue @entity2695 of the extremities and to correlate them with @entity1 symptomatology, the size of the @entity2695 , and their proximity to adjacent bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the radiographs and MR images of 35 @entity1 with soft-tissue @entity2695 of the extremities. The pattern and extent of the osseous change were categorized as periosteal, cortical, or medullary. Symptomatology, size, and proximity of the @entity2695 to the adjacent bone were compared with the presence or absence of osseous change. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t test. RESULTS: Osseous change was noted on radiographs in 13 (37%) of 35 @entity1 and on MR images in 11 (31%) of 35 @entity1 with a total of 14 @entity1 (40%) showing osseous change on at least one study. Periosteal change was present in eight (23%) of 35 @entity1 ; cortical change, in 11 (31%) of 35 @entity1 ; and medullary change, in 10 (29%) of 35 @entity1 . Direct contact between the soft-tissue @entity2695 and the adjacent bone was seen in 13 of 14 @entity1 with osseous change. In those @entity1 without osseous change, the average distance between the soft-tissue @entity2695 and bone was 1.06 cm (range, 0-4 cm). No correlation was found between symptoms and the presence of osseous change. CONCLUSION: Soft-tissue @entity2695 of the extremities frequently result in adjacent osseous change that can be categorized as either periosteal, cortical, or medullary. Only medullary changes correspond with @entity2695 size, whereas all three categories of change correlate with the proximity of the @entity2695 to the adjacent bone. The presence of osseous change does not correlate with @entity1 symptomatology.

title: Osseous change adjacent to soft-tissue XXXX of the extremities: correlation with lesion size and proximity to bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangiomas']


abstract: Emergence @entity2146 (EA) is a postanesthetic problem that interferes with a @entity1 's recovery and presents a challenge in terms of assessment and management. In this prospective cohort study, we sought to determine the incidence of EA, evaluate factors associated with and predictive of EA, and describe associated outcomes in healthy @entity1 . @entity1 aged 3-7 yr who were undergoing general anesthesia for elective outpatient procedures were included. All perioperative care was documented, and @entity146 in the postanesthesia care unit were recorded. Parents completed the Behavioral Style Questionnaire for 3- to 7-yr-olds. Five-hundred-twenty-one @entity1 were studied, of whom 96 (18%) had EA. Agitation lasted up to 45 min in some cases (range, 3-45 min; mean, 14 +/- 11 min), required pharmacologic intervention in 52% of @entity1 , and was associated with a prolonged postanesthesia care unit stay (117 +/- 66 min versus 101 +/- 61 min for nonagitated @entity1 ; P = 0.02). Ten factors were found to be associated with EA, including age, previous surgery, adaptability, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology procedures, @entity2614 , @entity5161 , @entity2614 / @entity5161 , analgesics, and time to awakening. Of these, otorhinolaryngology procedures, time to awakening, and @entity5161 were shown to be independent risk factors. IMPLICATIONS: @entity1 may become agitated after general anesthesia. This study describes several factors that may increase the risk for @entity2146 . These data are important in planning anesthesia care for young @entity1 .

title: A prospective cohort study of emergence XXXX in the pediatric postanesthesia care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative behaviors']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity2146 :: (MESH:D011595,Disease) :: ['agitation']


abstract: We revealed that pre-treatment with @entity1205 ( @entity4420 ) 12 h before @entity632 (ADR) administration significantly reduced ADR-induced @entity137 compared with the simultaneous dosing schedule that was commonly used in previous studies. We considered that pre-treatment with @entity4420 relieves ADR-induced @entity1370 . In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity4420 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ADR in order to clarify the mechanism by which @entity4420 pre-treatment relieves ADR-induced @entity1370 . When ADR and/or @entity4420 was intravenously administered, the @entity4420 pre-treatment ( @entity4420 -ADR) group showed significantly less @entity137 than the ADR-alone group. We examined hepatopathy, @entity8 , @entity1431 , and @entity1370 , all of which can cause @entity137 . Of these @entity137 , ADR-induced @entity1370 was significantly relieved in the @entity4420 -ADR group. To elucidate the mechanism by which @entity4420 pre-treatment relieved ADR-induced @entity1370 , lipid peroxidation as a proxy for the free radical level and the pharmacokinetics of ADR were measured. There was no difference in the pharmacokinetics of ADR between the ADR and @entity4420 -ADR groups. On the other hand, the @entity4420 -ADR group showed significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation in the heart compared with the ADR group. It was considered that @entity4420 pre-administration inhibited ADR-induced free radicals and decreased @entity1370 .

title: Mechanism of the cardioprotective effects of @entity1205 pre-administration against @entity632 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic death', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiotoxicity']


abstract: We revealed that pre-treatment with @entity1205 ( @entity4420 ) 12 h before @entity632 (ADR) administration significantly reduced ADR-induced @entity137 compared with the simultaneous dosing schedule that was commonly used in previous studies. We considered that pre-treatment with @entity4420 relieves ADR-induced @entity1370 . In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity4420 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ADR in order to clarify the mechanism by which @entity4420 pre-treatment relieves ADR-induced @entity1370 . When ADR and/or @entity4420 was intravenously administered, the @entity4420 pre-treatment ( @entity4420 -ADR) group showed significantly less @entity137 than the ADR-alone group. We examined hepatopathy, @entity8 , @entity1431 , and @entity1370 , all of which can cause @entity137 . Of these @entity137 , ADR-induced @entity1370 was significantly relieved in the @entity4420 -ADR group. To elucidate the mechanism by which @entity4420 pre-treatment relieved ADR-induced @entity1370 , lipid peroxidation as a proxy for the free radical level and the pharmacokinetics of ADR were measured. There was no difference in the pharmacokinetics of ADR between the ADR and @entity4420 -ADR groups. On the other hand, the @entity4420 -ADR group showed significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation in the heart compared with the ADR group. It was considered that @entity4420 pre-administration inhibited ADR-induced free radicals and decreased @entity1370 .

title: Mechanism of the cardioprotective effects of @entity1205 pre-administration against XXXX -induced @entity1370 .

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: We revealed that pre-treatment with @entity1205 ( @entity4420 ) 12 h before @entity632 (ADR) administration significantly reduced ADR-induced @entity137 compared with the simultaneous dosing schedule that was commonly used in previous studies. We considered that pre-treatment with @entity4420 relieves ADR-induced @entity1370 . In this study, we investigated the influence of @entity4420 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ADR in order to clarify the mechanism by which @entity4420 pre-treatment relieves ADR-induced @entity1370 . When ADR and/or @entity4420 was intravenously administered, the @entity4420 pre-treatment ( @entity4420 -ADR) group showed significantly less @entity137 than the ADR-alone group. We examined hepatopathy, @entity8 , @entity1431 , and @entity1370 , all of which can cause @entity137 . Of these @entity137 , ADR-induced @entity1370 was significantly relieved in the @entity4420 -ADR group. To elucidate the mechanism by which @entity4420 pre-treatment relieved ADR-induced @entity1370 , lipid peroxidation as a proxy for the free radical level and the pharmacokinetics of ADR were measured. There was no difference in the pharmacokinetics of ADR between the ADR and @entity4420 -ADR groups. On the other hand, the @entity4420 -ADR group showed significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation in the heart compared with the ADR group. It was considered that @entity4420 pre-administration inhibited ADR-induced free radicals and decreased @entity1370 .

title: Mechanism of the cardioprotective effects of XXXX pre-administration against @entity632 -induced @entity1370 .

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: Limited data suggest that @entity2453 reductase inhibitors (statins) may slow @entity177 in individuals with @entity740 . This study was conducted to determine whether @entity8673 reduced rates of @entity177 in @entity1 with moderate @entity740 . This was a post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. Data were analyzed from the CARE study (a randomized trial of @entity8673 versus placebo in 4159 @entity1 with previous @entity583 and total plasma @entity165 < 240 mg/dl). @entity1 with estimated @entity5017 ( @entity5017 ) < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) body surface area at baseline were considered to have moderate @entity740 . Multivariate regression was used to calculate rates of decline in @entity5017 for individuals receiving @entity8673 and placebo, controlling for prospectively determined covariates that might influence rates of renal function loss. Change in renal function could be calculated in 3384 individuals, of whom 690 (20.4%) had @entity5017 < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and were eligible for inclusion. Among all individuals with @entity5017 < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), the @entity5017 decline in the @entity8673 group was not significantly different from that in the placebo group (0.1 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr slower; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.4; P = 0.49). However, there was a significant stepwise inverse relation between @entity5017 before treatment and slowing of renal function loss with @entity8673 use, with more benefit in those with lower @entity5017 at baseline (P = 0.04). Rate of change in @entity5017 in the @entity8673 group was 0.6 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr slower than placebo (95% CI, -0.1 to 1.2; P = 0.07) in those with @entity5017 < 50 ml/min, and 2.5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr slower (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.6 slower; P = 0.0001) in those with @entity5017 < 40 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr. @entity8673 also reduced rates of @entity8 to a greater extent in @entity1 with than without @entity644 at baseline (P = 0.006). It is concluded that @entity8673 may @entity177 in individuals with moderate to severe @entity8 , especially those with @entity644 . These findings require confirmation by a large randomized trial conducted specifically in @entity1 with @entity740 .

title: Effect of @entity8673 on @entity177 in @entity1 with moderate XXXX and cardiovascular disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal loss', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['loss of renal function', 'slow renal function loss']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin', 'Pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']


abstract: Limited data suggest that @entity2453 reductase inhibitors (statins) may slow @entity177 in individuals with @entity740 . This study was conducted to determine whether @entity8673 reduced rates of @entity177 in @entity1 with moderate @entity740 . This was a post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. Data were analyzed from the CARE study (a randomized trial of @entity8673 versus placebo in 4159 @entity1 with previous @entity583 and total plasma @entity165 < 240 mg/dl). @entity1 with estimated @entity5017 ( @entity5017 ) < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) body surface area at baseline were considered to have moderate @entity740 . Multivariate regression was used to calculate rates of decline in @entity5017 for individuals receiving @entity8673 and placebo, controlling for prospectively determined covariates that might influence rates of renal function loss. Change in renal function could be calculated in 3384 individuals, of whom 690 (20.4%) had @entity5017 < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and were eligible for inclusion. Among all individuals with @entity5017 < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), the @entity5017 decline in the @entity8673 group was not significantly different from that in the placebo group (0.1 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr slower; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.4; P = 0.49). However, there was a significant stepwise inverse relation between @entity5017 before treatment and slowing of renal function loss with @entity8673 use, with more benefit in those with lower @entity5017 at baseline (P = 0.04). Rate of change in @entity5017 in the @entity8673 group was 0.6 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr slower than placebo (95% CI, -0.1 to 1.2; P = 0.07) in those with @entity5017 < 50 ml/min, and 2.5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr slower (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.6 slower; P = 0.0001) in those with @entity5017 < 40 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr. @entity8673 also reduced rates of @entity8 to a greater extent in @entity1 with than without @entity644 at baseline (P = 0.006). It is concluded that @entity8673 may @entity177 in individuals with moderate to severe @entity8 , especially those with @entity644 . These findings require confirmation by a large randomized trial conducted specifically in @entity1 with @entity740 .

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity177 in @entity1 with moderate @entity740 and cardiovascular disease.

answer: @entity8673 :: (MESH:D017035,Chemical) :: ['pravastatin']


abstract: Limited data suggest that @entity2453 reductase inhibitors (statins) may slow @entity177 in individuals with @entity740 . This study was conducted to determine whether @entity8673 reduced rates of @entity177 in @entity1 with moderate @entity740 . This was a post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. Data were analyzed from the CARE study (a randomized trial of @entity8673 versus placebo in 4159 @entity1 with previous @entity583 and total plasma @entity165 < 240 mg/dl). @entity1 with estimated @entity5017 ( @entity5017 ) < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) body surface area at baseline were considered to have moderate @entity740 . Multivariate regression was used to calculate rates of decline in @entity5017 for individuals receiving @entity8673 and placebo, controlling for prospectively determined covariates that might influence rates of renal function loss. Change in renal function could be calculated in 3384 individuals, of whom 690 (20.4%) had @entity5017 < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and were eligible for inclusion. Among all individuals with @entity5017 < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), the @entity5017 decline in the @entity8673 group was not significantly different from that in the placebo group (0.1 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr slower; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.4; P = 0.49). However, there was a significant stepwise inverse relation between @entity5017 before treatment and slowing of renal function loss with @entity8673 use, with more benefit in those with lower @entity5017 at baseline (P = 0.04). Rate of change in @entity5017 in the @entity8673 group was 0.6 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr slower than placebo (95% CI, -0.1 to 1.2; P = 0.07) in those with @entity5017 < 50 ml/min, and 2.5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr slower (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.6 slower; P = 0.0001) in those with @entity5017 < 40 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr. @entity8673 also reduced rates of @entity8 to a greater extent in @entity1 with than without @entity644 at baseline (P = 0.006). It is concluded that @entity8673 may @entity177 in individuals with moderate to severe @entity8 , especially those with @entity644 . These findings require confirmation by a large randomized trial conducted specifically in @entity1 with @entity740 .

title: Effect of @entity8673 on XXXX in @entity1 with moderate @entity740 and cardiovascular disease.

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['loss of renal function']


abstract: Limited data suggest that @entity2453 reductase inhibitors (statins) may slow @entity177 in individuals with @entity740 . This study was conducted to determine whether @entity8673 reduced rates of @entity177 in @entity1 with moderate @entity740 . This was a post hoc subgroup analysis of a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. Data were analyzed from the CARE study (a randomized trial of @entity8673 versus placebo in 4159 @entity1 with previous @entity583 and total plasma @entity165 < 240 mg/dl). @entity1 with estimated @entity5017 ( @entity5017 ) < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) body surface area at baseline were considered to have moderate @entity740 . Multivariate regression was used to calculate rates of decline in @entity5017 for individuals receiving @entity8673 and placebo, controlling for prospectively determined covariates that might influence rates of renal function loss. Change in renal function could be calculated in 3384 individuals, of whom 690 (20.4%) had @entity5017 < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) and were eligible for inclusion. Among all individuals with @entity5017 < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), the @entity5017 decline in the @entity8673 group was not significantly different from that in the placebo group (0.1 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr slower; 95% CI, -0.2 to 0.4; P = 0.49). However, there was a significant stepwise inverse relation between @entity5017 before treatment and slowing of renal function loss with @entity8673 use, with more benefit in those with lower @entity5017 at baseline (P = 0.04). Rate of change in @entity5017 in the @entity8673 group was 0.6 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr slower than placebo (95% CI, -0.1 to 1.2; P = 0.07) in those with @entity5017 < 50 ml/min, and 2.5 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr slower (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.6 slower; P = 0.0001) in those with @entity5017 < 40 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)/yr. @entity8673 also reduced rates of @entity8 to a greater extent in @entity1 with than without @entity644 at baseline (P = 0.006). It is concluded that @entity8673 may @entity177 in individuals with moderate to severe @entity8 , especially those with @entity644 . These findings require confirmation by a large randomized trial conducted specifically in @entity1 with @entity740 .

title: Effect of @entity8673 on @entity177 in XXXX with moderate @entity740 and cardiovascular disease.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Cardiac involvement is an uncommon presentation of hydatid cyst disease, accounting for approximately 0.5-2% of all @entity8434 cases, and mainly occurring as part of a @entity281 . Herein, we report on an isolated cardiac hydatid cyst in a 57-year-old @entity1 . She presented with a complaint of squeezing @entity662 of 10 month-history. On transthoracic echocardiography, a mass like appearance with heterogeneous echogenicity was noted in the left ventricular wall, suggesting a primary @entity4617 or a mass compressing the left ventricle. @entity1514 computed tomography findings were reported as a calcified @entity1002 50x65 mm in size and minimal pericardial fluid. Coronary angiography showed normal epicardial coronary arteries and an apical mass with calcified contours. Serological test was negative for @entity66 . Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a @entity5409 , 54x48 mm in size, in the left ventricular anterolateral wall, protruding into the lumen. After @entity3753 treatment for four weeks, surgery was performed for excision of the cyst. During the operation, rupture of the cyst was noted. The diagnosis of cardiac hydatid cyst was confirmed by pathological examination. During a six-month follow-up, the @entity1 was asymptomatic, with no cystic appearance on transthoracic echocardiography.

title: Cardiac hydatid cyst mimicking XXXX and diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['echinococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumor']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['hydatidosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']


abstract: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) rarely affect @entity1 , mainly @entity1 . Pediatric @entity674 typically arise in the stomach as @entity5 with a multinodular growth pattern, epithelioid morphology, lymph node @entity3 , an absence of KIT and @entity675 gene mutations, and indolent behavior. Occasional @entity674 in adults show similar features. Such @entity5 are not widely recognized. @entity674 with a multinodular growth pattern in @entity1 over the age of 18 years were retrieved from surgical and consultation files. @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained slides were reviewed, immunohistochemistry was performed, and KIT (exons 9, 11, 13, and 17) and @entity675 (exons 12, 14, and 18) genes were screened for mutations. Clinical follow-up was obtained. Sixteen cases were identified, affecting 13 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 (median age, 31.5 y; range, 19 to 56 y), all in the stomach. The mean @entity5 size was 5.4 cm (range, 1.8 to 11 cm); 4 were multifocal. All @entity5 showed a multinodular or plexiform architecture and epithelioid (N=3) or mixed epithelioid and spindle cell (N=13) morphology. Five @entity5 had vascular invasion; 6 had focal @entity39 . Mitotic activity ranged from 3 to 156/50 high-power fields (8 @entity5 had  <=5/50 high-power fields). Using Armed Forces Institute of Pathology risk stratification, categories for @entity5 were: none (N=2), very low risk (N=3), low risk (N=3), moderate risk (N=3), and high risk (N=5). By immunohistochemistry, all @entity5 were positive for KIT, 82% @entity9387 , 72% @entity2280 , 18% caldesmon, 9% S-100, 8% smooth muscle actin, and 0% desmin. All @entity5 were wild type for KIT and @entity675 in the exons that were screened. At primary resection, 9 @entity1 (56%) had lymph node @entity3 and 3 @entity1 had liver @entity3 . Follow-up ranged from 16 months to 16 years (median, 5 y). Two @entity5 recurred locally in the stomach and 7 @entity1 developed subsequent @entity3 to the lymph nodes (N=5), liver (N=3), and peritoneum/omentum (N=3). @entity5 from 7 @entity1 with @entity3 were Armed Forces Institute of Pathology low risk, very low risk, or no risk of recurrence. None of the @entity3 responded to treatment with @entity2213 . One @entity1 died of disseminated liver and intra-abdominal @entity3 and the remaining @entity1 were alive at last follow-up. Gastric @entity674 in adults with a multinodular or plexiform growth pattern and epithelioid or mixed morphology are similar to pediatric @entity674 . Unlike conventional adult @entity674 , this distinctive subset predominantly affects @entity1 , often metastasizes to lymph nodes, and lacks mutations in KIT and @entity675 . Current risk assessment criteria do not reliably predict behavior for this group. Although @entity3 are common and most @entity5 are @entity2213 resistant, they pursue a relatively indolent clinical course. Recognition of "pediatric-type" @entity674 in adults is critical for prognosis, appropriate therapy, and follow-up.

title: " XXXX in adults: distinctive histology predicts genotype and clinical behavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'girls', 'women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multifocal tumors', 'primary tumors', 'Primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate', 'imatinib']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Pediatric-type" gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of @entity0 @entity1 with metastatic epidural @entity1745 (MESCC) undergoing surgery and radiation therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess feasibility and clinical outcome of multidisciplinary approach in @entity0 @entity1 with MESCC. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Studies so far published in the setting of surgery and/or radiotherapy in the management of MESCC usually included many @entity5 , without considering the different primary histology. However, when looking at prognostic variables of this therapy, histological type comes out as a major determinant of outcome. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with symptomatic MESCC from @entity0 treated between January 2004 and April 2009 were included in this analysis. Twenty-six surgical procedures followed by radiotherapy were performed. Clinical outcome and local recurrence was evaluated by modified visual analog scale for @entity158 , Frankel scale for @entity51 , and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans. Twenty-three cases (88.4%) had @entity615 before treatment with a visual analog scale score 6 or greater; @entity51 (FS A-D) was present in 19 cases (65.5%). RESULTS: Complete remission of @entity158 , lasting until @entity204 or progression of disease in another skeletal site, was obtained in 25/26 cases (96.1%). All @entity1 had complete recovery of @entity51 . No major morbidity occurred. No @entity1 had recurrence in the site of treatment. Median survival was 36 months (range, 3-60) and overall survival at one, three, and five years was 70%, 42%, and 34%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We provided evidence of surgery and radiotherapy to be feasible with limited morbidity. Clinical outcome has been highly satisfactory in terms of @entity158 and @entity66 control. The discussion of each case within a multidisciplinary team is of central importance in defining the most appropriate therapeutic approach.

title: Surgery followed by radiotherapy for the treatment of metastatic epidural XXXX from @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['spinal cord compression']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of @entity0 @entity1 with metastatic epidural @entity1745 (MESCC) undergoing surgery and radiation therapy. OBJECTIVE: To assess feasibility and clinical outcome of multidisciplinary approach in @entity0 @entity1 with MESCC. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Studies so far published in the setting of surgery and/or radiotherapy in the management of MESCC usually included many @entity5 , without considering the different primary histology. However, when looking at prognostic variables of this therapy, histological type comes out as a major determinant of outcome. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with symptomatic MESCC from @entity0 treated between January 2004 and April 2009 were included in this analysis. Twenty-six surgical procedures followed by radiotherapy were performed. Clinical outcome and local recurrence was evaluated by modified visual analog scale for @entity158 , Frankel scale for @entity51 , and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans. Twenty-three cases (88.4%) had @entity615 before treatment with a visual analog scale score 6 or greater; @entity51 (FS A-D) was present in 19 cases (65.5%). RESULTS: Complete remission of @entity158 , lasting until @entity204 or progression of disease in another skeletal site, was obtained in 25/26 cases (96.1%). All @entity1 had complete recovery of @entity51 . No major morbidity occurred. No @entity1 had recurrence in the site of treatment. Median survival was 36 months (range, 3-60) and overall survival at one, three, and five years was 70%, 42%, and 34%, respectively. CONCLUSION: We provided evidence of surgery and radiotherapy to be feasible with limited morbidity. Clinical outcome has been highly satisfactory in terms of @entity158 and @entity66 control. The discussion of each case within a multidisciplinary team is of central importance in defining the most appropriate therapeutic approach.

title: Surgery followed by radiotherapy for the treatment of metastatic epidural @entity1745 from XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A case of acute idiopathic myopericarditis with transient severe @entity4 and akinesis of the interventricular septum on echocardiograms was reported. A 35-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our CCU because of @entity1455 five days after the onset of "common cold". Electrocardiograms revealed low voltage and ST-segment elevation in all leads except for a VR and a VL. Serum @entity9153 , GOT and LDH were slightly elevated. Echocardiograms showed severe @entity14087 ( @entity14087 , 20 mm), akinesis of the interventricular septum and moderate @entity2294 . With improvement of the clinical course and of the hemodynamic data, the thickness and wall motion of the interventricular septum became normal. Serum antiviral antibodies were not elevated throughout the course. Transvenous percutaneous right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy revealed @entity528 with interstitial cellular infiltration and @entity4 in the subacute phase (8th hospital day), but showed only focal @entity82 in the chronic phase. Coronary arteriograms and left ventriculograms in the chronic phase (50th hospital day) were normal. From these findings we can conclude that the severe transient @entity14087 is due to myocardial inflammatory @entity4 .

title: [Acute idiopathic myocarditis having myocardial inflammatory XXXX demonstrated by echocardiography: a case report].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration and fragmentation of the myofibrils']

entities_list: @entity14087 :: ('MESH:C566005', 'Disease') :: ['asymmetrical septal hypertrophy', 'ASH']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['swelling']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNA-145 ( @entity3373 ) has been reported to be a @entity5 -suppressing agent in several studies. It can repress pluripotency and control @entity1 embryonic stem cell differentiation by regulating the core pluripotency factor @entity4729 . However, it is not known whether @entity3373 can play a role in inducing @entity5 cell differentiation and repressing growth of @entity5 . METHODS: Ishikawa cells, the established @entity1 @entity1204 cells, were treated with @entity3373 mimics, inhibitor, or small interfering RNA @entity4729 . @entity3373 levels were assayed using TaqMan microRNA assays, and the messenger RNA levels of @entity4729 and the differentiation marker glycodelin were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of @entity4729 and glycodelin were characterized via flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vivo activity was measured in a xenograft @entity19 model. RESULTS: Up-regulating @entity3373 reduced the expression of @entity4729 and induced the differentiation of Ishikawa cells to closely resemble normal endometrial epithelium both in vitro and in vivo. @entity3373 successfully inhibited @entity5 growth. We also found that in @entity1 with @entity1204 , @entity3373 and @entity4729 were expressed in tissues, and there was a relationship between @entity3373 , @entity4729 , and the degree of @entity5 cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly suggested that @entity3373 is a @entity5 cell differentiation-inducing agent in @entity1204 , and that @entity3373 or @entity4729 may be useful markers for grading @entity1204 .

title: Up-regulation of microRNA-145 promotes differentiation by repressing XXXX in @entity1 @entity1204 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity4729 :: (5460,Gene) :: ['OCT4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNA-145 ( @entity3373 ) has been reported to be a @entity5 -suppressing agent in several studies. It can repress pluripotency and control @entity1 embryonic stem cell differentiation by regulating the core pluripotency factor @entity4729 . However, it is not known whether @entity3373 can play a role in inducing @entity5 cell differentiation and repressing growth of @entity5 . METHODS: Ishikawa cells, the established @entity1 @entity1204 cells, were treated with @entity3373 mimics, inhibitor, or small interfering RNA @entity4729 . @entity3373 levels were assayed using TaqMan microRNA assays, and the messenger RNA levels of @entity4729 and the differentiation marker glycodelin were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of @entity4729 and glycodelin were characterized via flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vivo activity was measured in a xenograft @entity19 model. RESULTS: Up-regulating @entity3373 reduced the expression of @entity4729 and induced the differentiation of Ishikawa cells to closely resemble normal endometrial epithelium both in vitro and in vivo. @entity3373 successfully inhibited @entity5 growth. We also found that in @entity1 with @entity1204 , @entity3373 and @entity4729 were expressed in tissues, and there was a relationship between @entity3373 , @entity4729 , and the degree of @entity5 cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly suggested that @entity3373 is a @entity5 cell differentiation-inducing agent in @entity1204 , and that @entity3373 or @entity4729 may be useful markers for grading @entity1204 .

title: Up-regulation of microRNA-145 promotes differentiation by repressing @entity4729 in @entity1 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNA-145 ( @entity3373 ) has been reported to be a @entity5 -suppressing agent in several studies. It can repress pluripotency and control @entity1 embryonic stem cell differentiation by regulating the core pluripotency factor @entity4729 . However, it is not known whether @entity3373 can play a role in inducing @entity5 cell differentiation and repressing growth of @entity5 . METHODS: Ishikawa cells, the established @entity1 @entity1204 cells, were treated with @entity3373 mimics, inhibitor, or small interfering RNA @entity4729 . @entity3373 levels were assayed using TaqMan microRNA assays, and the messenger RNA levels of @entity4729 and the differentiation marker glycodelin were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of @entity4729 and glycodelin were characterized via flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vivo activity was measured in a xenograft @entity19 model. RESULTS: Up-regulating @entity3373 reduced the expression of @entity4729 and induced the differentiation of Ishikawa cells to closely resemble normal endometrial epithelium both in vitro and in vivo. @entity3373 successfully inhibited @entity5 growth. We also found that in @entity1 with @entity1204 , @entity3373 and @entity4729 were expressed in tissues, and there was a relationship between @entity3373 , @entity4729 , and the degree of @entity5 cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly suggested that @entity3373 is a @entity5 cell differentiation-inducing agent in @entity1204 , and that @entity3373 or @entity4729 may be useful markers for grading @entity1204 .

title: Up-regulation of microRNA-145 promotes differentiation by repressing @entity4729 in XXXX @entity1204 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of additional chemotherapy in preventing @entity5 recurrence of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) has not been fully established. The authors compared the efficacy of 2 @entity902 -based chemotherapeutic agents in combination with radical local treatment for preventing intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR). METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 with stage I/II @entity157 aged 45 to 85 years underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and/or radiofrequency ablation after they received hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of @entity902 compounds. The HAI consisted of @entity8082 ( @entity3003 ) in 25 @entity1 and @entity900 ( @entity900 ) in 53 @entity1 . Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent factors that were associated with IDR. RESULTS: Cumulative IDR rates at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 21.7%, 52.2% and 75.7%, respectively, in the @entity3003 group and 8.1%, 22.7%, and 36.9%, respectively, in the @entity900 group. The @entity900 group had a significantly lower IDR rate compared with the @entity3003 group. The selection of a @entity902 agent was 1 of the independent factors for IDR in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. CONCLUSIONS: HAI chemotherapy with @entity900 before radical local treatment was effective in @entity1 with @entity157 . The authors concluded that radical local treatment with concurrent HAI using @entity900 may contribute to a longer progression-free period, which could be predicted with intrahepatic imaging in @entity1 with stage I/II @entity157 .

title: Prevention of intrahepatic distant recurrence by transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with @entity902 agents for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic distant tumor']

entities_list: @entity8082 :: ('CHEBI:31355', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II)']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II)']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage I/II hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of additional chemotherapy in preventing @entity5 recurrence of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) has not been fully established. The authors compared the efficacy of 2 @entity902 -based chemotherapeutic agents in combination with radical local treatment for preventing intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR). METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 with stage I/II @entity157 aged 45 to 85 years underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and/or radiofrequency ablation after they received hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of @entity902 compounds. The HAI consisted of @entity8082 ( @entity3003 ) in 25 @entity1 and @entity900 ( @entity900 ) in 53 @entity1 . Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent factors that were associated with IDR. RESULTS: Cumulative IDR rates at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 21.7%, 52.2% and 75.7%, respectively, in the @entity3003 group and 8.1%, 22.7%, and 36.9%, respectively, in the @entity900 group. The @entity900 group had a significantly lower IDR rate compared with the @entity3003 group. The selection of a @entity902 agent was 1 of the independent factors for IDR in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. CONCLUSIONS: HAI chemotherapy with @entity900 before radical local treatment was effective in @entity1 with @entity157 . The authors concluded that radical local treatment with concurrent HAI using @entity900 may contribute to a longer progression-free period, which could be predicted with intrahepatic imaging in @entity1 with stage I/II @entity157 .

title: Prevention of intrahepatic distant recurrence by transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with XXXX agents for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: In this paper the authors have analyzed the management and the outcome of 81 cases of @entity340 which occurred during the period January 1972 - April 1985. 53 @entity1 presented very severe @entity340 (grade 4 according to Hendren), 28 mild valve type. All the @entity1 of the first group but two had a dilatation of the U.U.T. Vesico-renal reflux, usually severe, was present in 51 ureters; in another 50 ureters a dilatation without reflux was present. 47% of the @entity1 of the first group had a renal function within the limits of normality at the moment of presentation and the remaining 53% a reduced renal function. In 9 @entity1 (8 under 50 days of age) a cutaneous vesicostomy according to Blocksom followed, at the age of 10-18 months, by transurethral valve destruction was done. In 6 @entity1 , in the early part of the series, the valve was removed with a hook via the perineal approach. In 38 @entity1 we performed a transurethral valve destruction with the n. 3 Bugbee electrode. 36 out of 53 @entity1 (68%) had exclusively a removal of the @entity340 . After the removal of the obstruction, 32 out of 37 non refluxing dilated ureters (86.5%) showed a clear improvement. In 7 out of 29 refluxing ureters a nephrectomy was carried out. In the remaining 22 ureters the reflux vanished in 17 and improved in the other 5. 17 @entity1 had other types of operations after valvular removal. 23 ureters in 13 @entity1 were reimplanted, with 3 failures (13%). In the 53 @entity1 with very severe valve (grade 4) supravesical diversions were not carried out. In the follow-up of 51 @entity1 (from 6 month to about 14 years) the renal function was within the limits of normality in 74% (before the operation it was 47%). The best results were obtained in @entity1 diagnosed and treated in the first months of life. Cutaneous vesicostomy showed itself to be a very useful method of treatment in very young babies with severe complications. We observed a slight terminal urethral stricture, easily dilatable, in only 1 @entity1 . All the @entity1 over the age of 12-13 years were continent. In 28 @entity1 with mild valves, as well as transurethral valve destruction, an ureteric reimplantation was carried out with success in 5 @entity1 (8 ureters) and a vesical diverticulectomy in another 2.

title: [Posterior XXXX . Type of treatment and short- and long-term evaluation of renal function].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves', 'urethral valves', 'valvular obstruction']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['urethral valves']


abstract: Virtually all @entity1 who present with @entity548 and amyloid of the colon have evidence of @entity1582 and require therapy. The small subset of @entity1 with @entity2783 localized to the colon must be recognized and treatment avoided. We queried our file for @entity1 who had @entity2783 of the colon but no evidence of @entity1582 during long-term follow-up. We identified 3 @entity1 who presented with @entity548 and who, on investigation, had @entity12884 but no evidence of @entity1582 during a follow-up of 4.5 to 20 years. These @entity1 had no evidence of a @entity1581 and received no chemotherapy to prevent deposition of amyloid. It is important to recognize this rare subset and avoid treatment with alkylating agents or high-dose therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. Alkylating agent therapy may be associated with @entity2590 or @entity3052 . In addition, the cost, inconvenience, and morbidity of therapy are avoided by observation. @entity1 who present with @entity548 and a subsequent diagnosis of @entity2783 of the colon likely will be subjected to chemotherapy or transplantation. Such @entity1 must be recognized and treatment avoided if there is no evidence of @entity1582 because they remain stable for many years.

title: Localized XXXX : an unrecognized entity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity12884 :: ('MESH:C531616', 'Disease') :: ['primary amyloidosis of the colon']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['AL amyloidosis of the colon']