abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate an outbreak of @entity2893 -resistant @entity796 (CRPA) in a urology ward. METHODS: @entity1 infected or colonized with CRPA were prospectively identified by daily laboratory surveillance. Routine infection-control measures were reinforced, disinfection protocols were revised, and a surveillance program was set up, analyzing cross-transmission in the nursing ward and environment cultures from urology wards and the operating theater. CRPA isolates from clinical and environment samples were studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), following XbaI and SpeI restriction. RESULTS: From February 1998 to September 2000, 59 adult urology @entity1 were colonized or infected by CRPA. All @entity1 had been operated on prior to identification of the CRPA isolate and 79% of these procedures were performed in the same cystoscopy room. No @entity1 had received prior @entity2893 therapy. No cross-transmission was detected, and environment cultures from the urology ward and theater were negative except for five samples collected in the cystoscopy room. PFGE identified a single clone in the isolates from different @entity1 and the environment samples. CONCLUSIONS: The PFGE analysis indicated that the CRPA outbreak resulted from the contamination of the cystoscopy room via an unsealed drain. The outbreak ended when the drain was sealed.

title: An outbreak of XXXX -resistant @entity796 in a urology ward.

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['carbapenem']


abstract: From 1974 to 1984, 307 @entity1 with @entity263 (Stage A2, B, or C) were referred to the Hunter Radiation Therapy Center, Yale-New Haven Hospital for definitive radiation therapy. One hundred forty-one @entity1 underwent an interstitial @entity1496 -125 implant (IMP) and 166 @entity1 received external beam irradiation (EB). For IMP @entity1 with Stage A2, B, and @entity5 , the actuarial 5-year disease-free survival (NED) rates were 88%, 84%, and 38% and the 9-year NED survival rates were 88%, 62%, and 30%, respectively. For EB @entity1 with Stage A2, B, and @entity5 , the 5-year NED survival rates were 88%, 77%, and 43% and the 9-year NED survival rates were 74%, 63%, and 37%, respectively. The NED survival rates by histologic grade were equivalent for the IMP and EB @entity1 . The absolute local control rate (LCR) was 77% for all of the IMP @entity1 but if one excludes @entity1 who were inadequately treated, the LCR was 82%. LCR in the EB @entity1 was 86%. The LCR for Stage A2, B, and C @entity1 treated with EB was 100%, 94%, and 82%, respectively. The LCR for Stage A2, B, and C @entity1 treated with an adequate IMP was 100%, 83%, and 71%, respectively. The complication rate was 8.5% in the IMP @entity1 (with 0% severe complications) and 14% in the EB @entity1 (with 3% severe complications). Our results indicate that a carefully selected group of IMP @entity1 (Stage A2, B) will have an equivalent NED survival rate and an excellent LCR compared to EB @entity1 but with fewer and less severe side effects.

title: XXXX -125 implants versus external beam therapy for stages A2, B, and @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['local prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['C tumors']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['Iodine']


abstract: From 1974 to 1984, 307 @entity1 with @entity263 (Stage A2, B, or C) were referred to the Hunter Radiation Therapy Center, Yale-New Haven Hospital for definitive radiation therapy. One hundred forty-one @entity1 underwent an interstitial @entity1496 -125 implant (IMP) and 166 @entity1 received external beam irradiation (EB). For IMP @entity1 with Stage A2, B, and @entity5 , the actuarial 5-year disease-free survival (NED) rates were 88%, 84%, and 38% and the 9-year NED survival rates were 88%, 62%, and 30%, respectively. For EB @entity1 with Stage A2, B, and @entity5 , the 5-year NED survival rates were 88%, 77%, and 43% and the 9-year NED survival rates were 74%, 63%, and 37%, respectively. The NED survival rates by histologic grade were equivalent for the IMP and EB @entity1 . The absolute local control rate (LCR) was 77% for all of the IMP @entity1 but if one excludes @entity1 who were inadequately treated, the LCR was 82%. LCR in the EB @entity1 was 86%. The LCR for Stage A2, B, and C @entity1 treated with EB was 100%, 94%, and 82%, respectively. The LCR for Stage A2, B, and C @entity1 treated with an adequate IMP was 100%, 83%, and 71%, respectively. The complication rate was 8.5% in the IMP @entity1 (with 0% severe complications) and 14% in the EB @entity1 (with 3% severe complications). Our results indicate that a carefully selected group of IMP @entity1 (Stage A2, B) will have an equivalent NED survival rate and an excellent LCR compared to EB @entity1 but with fewer and less severe side effects.

title: @entity1496 -125 implants versus external beam therapy for stages A2, B, and XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['C prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity21715 ( @entity21715 ) is usually considered an indolent disease, but it may progress during its natural course into @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ); however, an influence of myelosuppressive agents in the blastic transformation of @entity21715 cannot be excluded. We performed a retrospective study to assess the incidence of @entity1778 in @entity21715 @entity1 treated with @entity44615 (PB) as first-line therapy. One hundred and sixty-four @entity1 with @entity21715 were managed with PB at a dose of 1 mg/kg/d until a stable platelet count below 400 x 10(9)/l was achieved. Maintenance therapy was given at a planned dose ranging between 0.2 and 1 mg/kg/d according to platelet count, in all cases, with a median daily dose of 25 mg (range 7-75 mg/d). The median treatment time was 100 months (range 25-243 months). The @entity1 were evaluated for the occurrence of @entity1778 and/or secondary @entity5 and survival end-points. @entity1778 was observed in nine @entity1 (5.5%) after a median treatment time of 153 months (range 79-227 months). The overall survival (OS) and the event-free survival (EFS) at 120 months were 95% and 97%, whereas at 180 months, they were 84% and 76% respectively. In conclusion, this retrospective analysis shows a low incidence of @entity1778 in a large group of @entity1 consecutively treated with PB as first-line chemotherapy. Therefore, an investigation of the role of myelosuppressive agents in the blastic transformation of @entity21715 would be of interest.

title: Long-term evaluation of 164 @entity1 with essential thrombocythaemia treated with XXXX : occurrence of leukaemic evolution.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity44615 :: ('MESH:D010885', 'Chemical') :: ['pipobroman']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'acute leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity21715 :: ('MESH:C538068', 'Disease') :: ['Essential thrombocythaemia', 'ET']

answer: @entity44615 :: (MESH:D010885,Chemical) :: ['pipobroman']


abstract: @entity21715 ( @entity21715 ) is usually considered an indolent disease, but it may progress during its natural course into @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ); however, an influence of myelosuppressive agents in the blastic transformation of @entity21715 cannot be excluded. We performed a retrospective study to assess the incidence of @entity1778 in @entity21715 @entity1 treated with @entity44615 (PB) as first-line therapy. One hundred and sixty-four @entity1 with @entity21715 were managed with PB at a dose of 1 mg/kg/d until a stable platelet count below 400 x 10(9)/l was achieved. Maintenance therapy was given at a planned dose ranging between 0.2 and 1 mg/kg/d according to platelet count, in all cases, with a median daily dose of 25 mg (range 7-75 mg/d). The median treatment time was 100 months (range 25-243 months). The @entity1 were evaluated for the occurrence of @entity1778 and/or secondary @entity5 and survival end-points. @entity1778 was observed in nine @entity1 (5.5%) after a median treatment time of 153 months (range 79-227 months). The overall survival (OS) and the event-free survival (EFS) at 120 months were 95% and 97%, whereas at 180 months, they were 84% and 76% respectively. In conclusion, this retrospective analysis shows a low incidence of @entity1778 in a large group of @entity1 consecutively treated with PB as first-line chemotherapy. Therefore, an investigation of the role of myelosuppressive agents in the blastic transformation of @entity21715 would be of interest.

title: Long-term evaluation of 164 XXXX with essential thrombocythaemia treated with @entity44615 : occurrence of leukaemic evolution.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the case of a laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in which the preoperative evaluation of the @entity1 gave no indication of the surgical difficulties that were encountered intraoperatively, resulting in @entity548 , a suspected @entity3728 , and emergency conversion of the procedure from laparoscopic to open donor nephrectomy. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 59-yr-old @entity1 - height: 175 cm, weight: 85.5 kg, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I - presented as kidney donor for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. He was healthy, on no medication, and had no previous abdominal surgery or diseases of the urinary tract. The preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan evaluation of his kidneys confirmed this by reporting a normal bilateral renal and renal vascular anatomy. In contradiction to the preoperative CT scan findings, the surgeon discovered abnormalities in the operative field. This included extensive @entity2318 surrounding the left kidney, @entity3018 near the right hilum, and a large branch lumbar vein entering the renal vein. The large branch lumbar vein was clipped but the clips dislodged, causing significant @entity190 , and a suspected gas embolus. The procedure was converted to an emergency open donor nephrectomy. Postoperatively the @entity1 made a full recovery. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomies, though usually performed on healthy individuals, have their pitfalls, and complications during this procedure can be sudden and serious. As shown in this case, although CT scan results are regarded as reliable, they can be misleading. As an anesthetic precaution for @entity3728 during laparoscopic procedures, @entity3810 should be avoided and the @entity1 be ventilated with 100% @entity26 .

title: Unexpected surgical difficulties leading to XXXX and gas embolus during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: a case report.

entities_list: @entity3728 :: ('MESH:D004618', 'Disease') :: ['possible gas emboli', 'gas embolism']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['substantial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: A 9-year-old @entity1 with @entity1120 underwent splenectomy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Her HLA-identical brother with normal @entity629 -beta-glucosidase activity served as donor. One month after transplantation, @entity629 -beta-glucosidase activity in the lymphocytes were normal. Plasma glucosylceramide normalized already after splenectomy and further decreased after marrow transplantation. @entity19831 in the erythrocytes was normal around a year after transplantation. The enlarged liver normalized in size by 2 years. Gaucher cells were still present in the bone marrow 1 year after transplantation but had completely disappeared at 3 years. The @entity1 has grown 29 cm during the 5 years that have passed after transplantation compared to 1 cm/year during 3 years before. The @entity1 has a @entity73 , and @entity764 have appeared. Wechsler intelligence scale performance has slowly decreased after transplantation. This may be caused by continued neuronal storage of @entity19831 . Otherwise, this @entity1 is active and healthy 5 years after bone marrow transplantation.

title: Long-term follow-up of the first successful bone marrow transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slight obstructive ventilatory impairment']

entities_list: @entity19831 :: ('CHEBI:36500', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucosylceramide', 'glucosylceramide']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest deformities']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile Gaucher disease']

entities_list: @entity629 :: ('CHEBI:23079', 'Chemical') :: ['cerebroside']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher disease']


abstract: Microperoxidase (MP) was used to investigate the cytological and functional features of preosteoclasts and osteoclasts during @entity35 alveolar bone development. We observed mononuclear cells as preosteoclasts and multinuclear cells with and without @entity8668 ( @entity8668 ). In the bone facing multinuclear cells with @entity8668 as active osteoclasts, MP was extensively deposited along the external bone matrix undergoing resorption, and was phagocytosed with bone components into the vacuoles of osteoclasts. Neither preosteoclasts nor multinuclear cells without @entity8668 took up MP and bone components. Only multinuclear cells with @entity8668 seemed to resorb bone. Monocytes/macrophages (MMP) phagocytosed MP through all regions of the plasma membrane, whereas osteoclasts took up MP only through the @entity8668 which was a part of the plasma membrane. Endogenous peroxidase was detected in the MMP but not in preosteoclasts and osteoclasts. Thus, osteoclasts were considerably different from the MMP. The numbers of MMP were extremely few close to the osteoclasts, whereas moderate numbers of preosteoclasts were located close to the osteoclasts. Except for the nucleus and @entity8668 , there were many morphological similarities between preosteoclasts and osteoclasts. We therefore suggest that preosteoclasts, rather than MMP, are the precursors of osteoclasts during alveolar bone development of neonatal @entity35 .

title: Cytological and functional studies of preosteoclasts and osteoclasts in the alveolar bones from neonatal XXXX using microperoxidase as a tracer.

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['RB', 'ruffled borders']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity943 are a common complication of cardiac surgery. Reports describing pericardiac neurogenic tissue led us to hypothesize that removal of the aortic fat pad could cause an autonomic imbalance and contribute to @entity943 following cardiac surgery. METHODS: A randomized prospective pilot study (n =131) was conducted to test our hypotheses. @entity1 underwent conventional cardio-pulmonary bypass surgery (CPB) or off pump coronary bypass surgery (OPCAB). The fat pad was either left intact or removed. The incidence of de novo @entity943 during the @entity1 's hospital stay was tabulated. @entity1 with peri-operative @entity583 or pre-existing @entity943 were excluded. The randomization schedule was made subservient to clinical judgment at surgery. After promising preliminary results, an extension study (n =189 @entity1 , total @entity1 =320) was performed which employed the same definitions and interventions but was a sample of convenience. The data of this second study have not been previously published. RESULTS: In the pilot study, in demographically similar groups, logistic regression demonstrated a significantly elevated @entity943 incidence when the fat pad was removed (Odds ratio 3.49, 95% confidence intervals 1.09 to 11.18). A chi-square analysis of these same data, however, (4 fibrillations in 58 @entity1 with fat pad intact versus 15 fibrillation in 73 @entity1 with fat pad removed; P = 0.051) suggested that the importance of the fat pad status was not definite. Overall, @entity943 were present in 19 of 131 @entity1 (14.5%). In the extension study, in contrast to the pilot data, the data did not demonstrate any contribution of fat pad status to the incidence of @entity955 . CONCLUSIONS: Although we feel that our hypothesis remains viable, retention of the aortic fat pad during coronary artery bypass surgery may not be related to a decreased incidence of post operative @entity943 .

title: Aortic fat pad destruction and post operative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia', 'atrial arrhythmias', 'Atrial arrhythmias', 'atrial or supraventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Two factors increasing flow rate in @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) with the subsequent risk for cardiac function, are the site of the access and time since its creation. Cubital @entity2758 and bypasses are less often involved. Mean flow rate in a distal @entity292 is 465 +/- 250 ml/min. For proximal fistulae, mean flow rate is 750 +/- 309 ml/min. Flow rate is measured by pulsed duplex-Doppler of the humeral artery or the axillary artery. If high flow rate is poorly tolerated, careful assessment should provide an orientation concerning appropriate correction: ligature of the proximal radial artery to limit arterial inflow to the @entity2758 which is then comes solely from retrograde flow from the radial artery via the palmar arcades and the cubital artery; distal prolongation by radial bypass or transposition after checking the state of the forearm arteries. Vascular steal can lead to @entity63 , which is greater for high flow proximal fistulae, with the risk of aggravating pre-existing @entity3468 . Continuous color-Doppler exploration of the distal vessels, with the fistulae open and closed with compression, is primordial to establish the positive diagnosis and the appropriate therapeutic approach. Flow rate must be determined accurately. If low flow rate is associated with signs of @entity63 , angioplastic or surgical revascularisation may be required for identified and accessible areas of @entity850 . If the flow rate is too high, reduction may be effective. If the distal Doppler signal is normal or minimally perturbed with the open @entity2758 , the @entity292 may be the cause of the @entity63 . If no flow can be detected when the @entity2758 is closed, the distal artery is involved and may have to be closed. @entity63 is much more uncommon and may be caused by @entity1211 downstream from the @entity292 . Diffuse @entity1211 may result from a downstream obstruction due to @entity850 or @entity715 , or to excessive flow. In the event of a false @entity439 , a pulsitile @entity1410 is visualized by color Doppler with one or more spurts, associated or not with images of mural @entity715 . Deterioration of the vessel walls at the point of puncture can lead to intra-capsular false @entity439 .

title: [Technique and results of duplex-Doppler for non-stenosing complications of vascular access for chronic hemodialysis: @entity63 , steal, high flow rate, XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fisulae']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Venous ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous ectasia', 'venous stenosis']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: Two factors increasing flow rate in @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) with the subsequent risk for cardiac function, are the site of the access and time since its creation. Cubital @entity2758 and bypasses are less often involved. Mean flow rate in a distal @entity292 is 465 +/- 250 ml/min. For proximal fistulae, mean flow rate is 750 +/- 309 ml/min. Flow rate is measured by pulsed duplex-Doppler of the humeral artery or the axillary artery. If high flow rate is poorly tolerated, careful assessment should provide an orientation concerning appropriate correction: ligature of the proximal radial artery to limit arterial inflow to the @entity2758 which is then comes solely from retrograde flow from the radial artery via the palmar arcades and the cubital artery; distal prolongation by radial bypass or transposition after checking the state of the forearm arteries. Vascular steal can lead to @entity63 , which is greater for high flow proximal fistulae, with the risk of aggravating pre-existing @entity3468 . Continuous color-Doppler exploration of the distal vessels, with the fistulae open and closed with compression, is primordial to establish the positive diagnosis and the appropriate therapeutic approach. Flow rate must be determined accurately. If low flow rate is associated with signs of @entity63 , angioplastic or surgical revascularisation may be required for identified and accessible areas of @entity850 . If the flow rate is too high, reduction may be effective. If the distal Doppler signal is normal or minimally perturbed with the open @entity2758 , the @entity292 may be the cause of the @entity63 . If no flow can be detected when the @entity2758 is closed, the distal artery is involved and may have to be closed. @entity63 is much more uncommon and may be caused by @entity1211 downstream from the @entity292 . Diffuse @entity1211 may result from a downstream obstruction due to @entity850 or @entity715 , or to excessive flow. In the event of a false @entity439 , a pulsitile @entity1410 is visualized by color Doppler with one or more spurts, associated or not with images of mural @entity715 . Deterioration of the vessel walls at the point of puncture can lead to intra-capsular false @entity439 .

title: [Technique and results of duplex-Doppler for non-stenosing complications of vascular access for chronic hemodialysis: XXXX , steal, high flow rate, @entity439 ].

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the degree of serological protection conferred by the three components of two MMR vaccines: "Vac triple @entity11159 " (Aventis Pasteur @entity11159 ) and "Triviraten" (Berna), and to study the effects of a second dose of "Priorix" (Glaxo SmithKline), in an unprotected population. In March 2001, this study was conducted in a sample of 86 @entity1 aged 3 and 4 years, in two Basic Health Zones of C  diz (Spain). Mumps, measles and @entity2462 antibody titers were evaluated by IgG enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All the @entity1 showing lack of response were revaccinated with the vaccine "Priorix" of GSK; in 12 of these @entity1 (all vaccinated previously with "Triviraten"), studies confirmed the existence of seroconversion utilizing the same methodology. The most outstanding finding has been the low percentage of @entity1 vaccinated with "Triviraten" possessing protective titers (>1:500) against @entity20436 (14.3%) compared with those vaccinated with "Vac triple @entity11159 " (81.1%, P<0.000001); geometric mean values (GMT) of 164 and 1631, respectively, were obtained. Significant differences, and in the same direction, were also found in respect of measles (83.7 and 100%, and GMT of 889 and 5076), although not so striking. However, all the @entity1 studied did have protective titres (>16UI/ml) of antibodies against @entity2462 . Of the 12 @entity1 studied who had not responded with protective titers of anti- @entity20436 antibodies, eight @entity1 (66.7%) showed seroconversion with "Priorix", and only one @entity1 (25%) presented seroconversion in the response to measles. We have thus proved that the "Rubini" strain provides insufficient protection against @entity20436 in our @entity1 population. We have also found that the "Edmonston-Zagreb" strain confers less protection against measles than the "Enders" strain, although the "Schwarz" strain, after revaccination of the @entity1 who had failed with the "Edmonston-Zagreb" strain, did not achieve a satisfactory seroconversion, either.

title: Study of the immune response engendered by differents combined measles, @entity20436 and XXXX (MMR) vaccines in an area of Andalusia (Spain).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

answer: @entity2462 :: (MESH:D012409,Disease) :: ['rubella']


abstract: The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the degree of serological protection conferred by the three components of two MMR vaccines: "Vac triple @entity11159 " (Aventis Pasteur @entity11159 ) and "Triviraten" (Berna), and to study the effects of a second dose of "Priorix" (Glaxo SmithKline), in an unprotected population. In March 2001, this study was conducted in a sample of 86 @entity1 aged 3 and 4 years, in two Basic Health Zones of C  diz (Spain). Mumps, measles and @entity2462 antibody titers were evaluated by IgG enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All the @entity1 showing lack of response were revaccinated with the vaccine "Priorix" of GSK; in 12 of these @entity1 (all vaccinated previously with "Triviraten"), studies confirmed the existence of seroconversion utilizing the same methodology. The most outstanding finding has been the low percentage of @entity1 vaccinated with "Triviraten" possessing protective titers (>1:500) against @entity20436 (14.3%) compared with those vaccinated with "Vac triple @entity11159 " (81.1%, P<0.000001); geometric mean values (GMT) of 164 and 1631, respectively, were obtained. Significant differences, and in the same direction, were also found in respect of measles (83.7 and 100%, and GMT of 889 and 5076), although not so striking. However, all the @entity1 studied did have protective titres (>16UI/ml) of antibodies against @entity2462 . Of the 12 @entity1 studied who had not responded with protective titers of anti- @entity20436 antibodies, eight @entity1 (66.7%) showed seroconversion with "Priorix", and only one @entity1 (25%) presented seroconversion in the response to measles. We have thus proved that the "Rubini" strain provides insufficient protection against @entity20436 in our @entity1 population. We have also found that the "Edmonston-Zagreb" strain confers less protection against measles than the "Enders" strain, although the "Schwarz" strain, after revaccination of the @entity1 who had failed with the "Edmonston-Zagreb" strain, did not achieve a satisfactory seroconversion, either.

title: Study of the immune response engendered by differents combined measles, XXXX and @entity2462 (MMR) vaccines in an area of Andalusia (Spain).

answer: @entity20436 :: (MESH:D009107,Disease) :: ['mumps']


abstract: @entity692 (HA) in 25%, 50% and 75% w/w fractions was incorporated into chitin solutions and processed into air- and freeze-dried materials. These HA-chitin materials were exposed to cell cultures and implanted into the intramusculature of a @entity35 model. The HA-chitin materials were found to be non-cytotoxic and degraded in vivo. The presence of the HA filler enhanced @entity730 as well as accelerated degradation of the chitin matrix. The freeze-dried HA-chitin matrixes were selected for further cell seeding experiments because of their porous nature. Mesenchymal stem cells harvested from NZW @entity95 were induced into osteoblasts in vitro using @entity619 . These osteoblasts were cultured for 1 week, statically loaded onto the porous HA-chitin matrixes and implanted into bone defects of the @entity95 femur for 2 months. Histology of explants showed bone regeneration with biodegradation of the HA-chitin matrix. Similarly, green fluorescence protein (GFP) transfected MSC-induced osteoblasts were also loaded onto porous HA-chitin matrixes and implanted into the @entity95 femur. The results from GFP-transfected MSCs showed that loaded MSCs-induced osteoblasts did not only proliferate but also recruited surrounding tissue to grow in. This study demonstrates the potential of HA-chitin matrixes as a good substrate candidate for tissue engineered bone substitute.

title: XXXX -chitin materials as potential tissue engineered bone substitutes.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyapatite']


abstract: 1. The left upper-quadrant bursting neurons (cells L2, L3, L4, and L6) of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia display a regular burst-firing pattern that is controlled by cyclic changes of intracellular @entity141 that occur during the bursting rhythm. The characteristic bursting pattern of these neurons occurs within a range of membrane potentials (-35 to -50 mV) called the pacemaker range. 2. Intracellular pressure injection of @entity671 ( @entity9421 ) altered the bursting rhythm of the left upper-quadrant bursting (LUQB) cells for up to 15 min. Injection of IP3 induced a brief depolarization that was followed by a long-lasting (2-15 min) hyperpolarization. The hyperpolarizing phase of the response was accompanied by prolonged interburst intervals. 3. When cells were voltage-clamped at potentials within the pacemaker range, injection of IP3 generally induced a biphasic response that had a total duration of 2-15 min. An initial inward shift in holding current (Iin), which lasted 5-120 s, was followed by a slow outward shift in holding current (Iout). 4. At membrane potentials more negative than -40 mV, Iin was associated with a small and relatively voltage-independent increase in membrane conductance. Iin was not blocked by bath application of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) or @entity515 . Although Iin was activated by injection of IP3, we were unable to block it by iontophoretic injection of @entity10977 -bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid ( @entity4527 ) sufficient to block the @entity141 -activated inward tail current (IB). The ionic mechanism that produces Iin has not been analyzed. 5. In normal bathing solution, Iout was present at membrane potentials more positive than approximately -50 mV. Iout was not blocked by 50 mM @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ), which is known to block @entity141 -activated K+ currents (IK,Ca) in these cells. However, it was blocked by 30 mM @entity515 , which blocks ICa. These results indicate that a steady-state ICa is necessary for the generation of Iout following injection of IP3, suggesting that Iout is due to inactivation of ICa and not to activation of a K+ conductance. 6. Intracellular iontophoresis of @entity4527 abolished Iout indicating that elevation of intracellular @entity141 is necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX alters bursting pacemaker activity in Aplysia neurons: voltage-clamp analysis of effects on calcium currents.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

answer: @entity671 :: (MESH:D015544,Chemical) :: ['Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Current guidelines recommend the use of head CT in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ), but data supporting its value are sparse. METHODS: @entity1 who presented to 1 of 16 emergency departments of a large Northern California health maintenance organization and received a diagnosis of @entity63 from November 1997 through February 1998 were enrolled and followed up for 90 days. Clinical, demographic, and outcome data were obtained from computerized databases and medical records. Physicians blinded to @entity1 characteristics and outcomes abstracted head CT findings from radiology reports. Abstracted findings included evidence of old or new @entity62 , @entity194 , @entity729 , and @entity75 . RESULTS: Head CT was performed in 67% of eligible @entity1 (n=322) diagnosed with @entity63 . Evidence of a new @entity1188 was seen on head CT in 13 @entity1 (4%). A nonischemic cause of @entity63 symptoms was found in 4 @entity1 (1.2%). During follow-up, 10.9% of @entity63 @entity1 experienced subsequent @entity64 . After adjustment for confounders, risk for @entity64 during follow-up was significantly higher in those with a new @entity1188 on head CT compared with others with @entity63 (odds ratio, 4.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 14.14; P=0.028). Old @entity1188 , periventricular white-matter disease, @entity194 , and @entity729 were not predictors of subsequent risk of @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of a new @entity1188 on head CT in @entity1 presenting with @entity63 is associated with increased short-term risk for @entity64 . Head CT appears to have prognostic value in @entity1 with @entity63 and, for this reason alone, may be justified in their evaluation.

title: Head computed tomography findings predict short-term XXXX risk after @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['infarct, periventricular white-matter disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Current guidelines recommend the use of head CT in the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ), but data supporting its value are sparse. METHODS: @entity1 who presented to 1 of 16 emergency departments of a large Northern California health maintenance organization and received a diagnosis of @entity63 from November 1997 through February 1998 were enrolled and followed up for 90 days. Clinical, demographic, and outcome data were obtained from computerized databases and medical records. Physicians blinded to @entity1 characteristics and outcomes abstracted head CT findings from radiology reports. Abstracted findings included evidence of old or new @entity62 , @entity194 , @entity729 , and @entity75 . RESULTS: Head CT was performed in 67% of eligible @entity1 (n=322) diagnosed with @entity63 . Evidence of a new @entity1188 was seen on head CT in 13 @entity1 (4%). A nonischemic cause of @entity63 symptoms was found in 4 @entity1 (1.2%). During follow-up, 10.9% of @entity63 @entity1 experienced subsequent @entity64 . After adjustment for confounders, risk for @entity64 during follow-up was significantly higher in those with a new @entity1188 on head CT compared with others with @entity63 (odds ratio, 4.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 14.14; P=0.028). Old @entity1188 , periventricular white-matter disease, @entity194 , and @entity729 were not predictors of subsequent risk of @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of a new @entity1188 on head CT in @entity1 presenting with @entity63 is associated with increased short-term risk for @entity64 . Head CT appears to have prognostic value in @entity1 with @entity63 and, for this reason alone, may be justified in their evaluation.

title: Head computed tomography findings predict short-term @entity64 risk after XXXX .

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['transient ischemic attack']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe the spectrum and preferences of terminology used by house staff and attending physicians in internal medicine, general surgery, surgical subspecialties, physical medicine and rehabilitation, staff nurses, clinical nurse specialists, and others when documenting a skin @entity1066 examination on admission or at consultation. DESIGN: This study was a retrospective review of a purposeful sample of 75 charts. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Study subjects were physicians and nurses working in an urban teaching hospital. METHODS: Methods used were abstraction from the medical record of the frequency with which aspects of a skin @entity1066 examination were documented and qualitative analysis of the descriptive terminology. RESULTS: As consultants, clinical nurse specialists for skin care and plastic surgeons were the most complete in documenting location, size, and the tissue characteristics of @entity4537 . Ninety percent of house staff and staff nurses of the primary team documented the existence and location of the @entity1066 . Some characteristic of the tissue was described by staff nurses and house staff for 80% and 78% of the @entity1066 , respectively. Quantitative size was the least frequently documented component by both nurses and house staff for 60% and 33% of the @entity1066 , respectively. A total of 66 unique terms including 38 nonmedical, nonspecific, or ambiguous terms were found. CONCLUSIONS: Documentation of @entity4537 in the notes of physicians and nurses are incomplete and nonstandardized, and the terminology used does not allow an accurate retrospective conceptualization of the @entity1066 . The clinical implications are miscommunication between multidisciplinary teams, difficulty assessing healing rates, and inability to perform retrospective quality assurance reviews. Development of a standardized skin @entity1066 examination with a meaningful taxonomy of terms acceptable to physicians, nurses, and occupational and physical therapists is needed to teach interdisciplinary care of @entity1 with @entity4537 .

title: Terminology used by different health care providers to document XXXX : the blind @entity1 and the elephant.

entities_list: @entity4537 :: ('MESH:D012883', 'Disease') :: ['skin ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4537 :: (MESH:D012883,Disease) :: ['skin ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to describe the spectrum and preferences of terminology used by house staff and attending physicians in internal medicine, general surgery, surgical subspecialties, physical medicine and rehabilitation, staff nurses, clinical nurse specialists, and others when documenting a skin @entity1066 examination on admission or at consultation. DESIGN: This study was a retrospective review of a purposeful sample of 75 charts. SETTING AND SUBJECTS: Study subjects were physicians and nurses working in an urban teaching hospital. METHODS: Methods used were abstraction from the medical record of the frequency with which aspects of a skin @entity1066 examination were documented and qualitative analysis of the descriptive terminology. RESULTS: As consultants, clinical nurse specialists for skin care and plastic surgeons were the most complete in documenting location, size, and the tissue characteristics of @entity4537 . Ninety percent of house staff and staff nurses of the primary team documented the existence and location of the @entity1066 . Some characteristic of the tissue was described by staff nurses and house staff for 80% and 78% of the @entity1066 , respectively. Quantitative size was the least frequently documented component by both nurses and house staff for 60% and 33% of the @entity1066 , respectively. A total of 66 unique terms including 38 nonmedical, nonspecific, or ambiguous terms were found. CONCLUSIONS: Documentation of @entity4537 in the notes of physicians and nurses are incomplete and nonstandardized, and the terminology used does not allow an accurate retrospective conceptualization of the @entity1066 . The clinical implications are miscommunication between multidisciplinary teams, difficulty assessing healing rates, and inability to perform retrospective quality assurance reviews. Development of a standardized skin @entity1066 examination with a meaningful taxonomy of terms acceptable to physicians, nurses, and occupational and physical therapists is needed to teach interdisciplinary care of @entity1 with @entity4537 .

title: Terminology used by different health care providers to document @entity4537 : the blind XXXX and the elephant.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the recovery of male @entity35 after a major abdominal surgical procedure (the implantation of a radiotelemetry transmitter) when treated with @entity4783 , @entity12691 , or @entity7988 and subcutaneous fluids (5% @entity413 ) or with subcutaneous fluids only. The parameters for assessing recovery were heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), home cage activity, food and water consumption, and body weight. HR, MAP, and activity were continuously monitored by radiotelemetry methods, food and water intakes were determined daily, and body weights were measured once or three times a week. In light of HR, nocturnal home cage activity, water consumption, and body @entity1017 , animals were recovered by about 7 days after surgery. MAP normalized by 1 to 2 days postsurgery, and food consumption returned to presurgical levels 5 to 12 days after surgery, depending on the analgesic treatment. On the basis of nocturnal activity, HR, and food and water intakes, @entity4783 -treated animals recovered more slowly than did the other two analgesic-treated groups. By the other parameters, all three analgesic-treated groups showed very similar responses across time. Surprisingly, when compared with the groups receiving only subcutaneous fluids, @entity4783 and @entity12691 delayed or did not advance recovery, whereas @entity7988 neither retarded nor advanced recovery. Explanations for these results include: (a) the analgesics were effective in relieving @entity158 but had pharmacological side effects that altered the measured parameters, making it difficult to determine recovery; (b) the level of @entity158 experienced did not notably affect recovery; (c) the analgesics, at the doses and/or dosing schedules used, were not effective in the relief of @entity158 , thereby causing both groups of animals to recover at the same rate; and (d) the analgesics interfered with recovery. Final resolution of these issues awaits further investigation.

title: Recovery of male XXXX from major abdominal surgery after treatment with various analgesics.

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity12691 :: ('MESH:D002077', 'Chemical') :: ['butorphanol']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A systematic review of prospective controlled clinical trials was performed to assess the effectiveness of physical therapy interventions for the prevention and treatment of @entity615 . @entity1643 has an impact on daily life for many @entity1 . Prevention and @entity615 is therefore an important issue for all those concerned with @entity1 's health. METHODS: All prospective controlled clinical trials retrieved by systematic searching of electronic databases, checking of reference lists and contacting of authors were examined. Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion and independently assessed the internal validity of the included trials. Authors were contacted to obtain missing information. RESULTS: Nine trials with a total of 1350 @entity1 were reviewed. Except for three high-quality studies, the validity of the trials was moderate to low. Two high-quality studies showed no difference in @entity158 intensity and functional status between the exercise groups and the control groups. In the third high-quality study significant reduction in sick leave was found in favor of water gymnastics compared with no intervention. Because the included trials were considered heterogeneous with regard to study design, population intervention and outcome, no meta-analysis was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Because of heterogeneity and the varying quality of the studies no strong evidence exists concerning the effect of physical therapy interventions on the prevention and @entity615 related to pregnancy. Future studies should meet current methodological standards, and interventions to be evaluated should be based on established theoretical framework.

title: Physical therapy for pregnancy-related XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy-related back and pelvic pain', 'treatment of back and pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Pregnancy-related low back and pelvic pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back and pelvic pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity7375 associated with cutaneous @entity320 (MM) and non-pigmented nodular @entity3 after a 10-year recurrence-free interval. METHODS: Case report with long-term follow-up of 11 years. Ocular examinations included best-corrected visual acuity (ETDRS charts), fundus photography, @entity941 angiography, and computer-assisted perimetry. In addition, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was performed. RESULTS: A 48-year-old white female @entity1 developed @entity7375 5 years after she had undergone surgical treatment of a superficial spreading @entity320 on her back in 1991. The first symptoms were @entity3067 followed by growth of non-pigmented hair after 8 months. In our clinic, she presented 18 months later with cells and opacification in the vitreous, a macular and @entity3171 and @entity194 of the @entity989 ( @entity989 ). The anterior segment showed endothelial precipitates of the @entity267 , and a progressive secondary @entity231 . Fluorescein angiography detected a bilateral @entity1103 and the optic disc, and focal leakage in the @entity989 level. During follow-up the @entity1 developed more cutaneous signs, such as @entity1694 and @entity10244 . A non-pigmented lymph node MM @entity3 was diagnosed after a 10-year disease-free interval. HLA typing was positive for @entity1529 *01, @entity1529 *24, @entity1530 *08, @entity1530 *39, @entity1533 *03, and @entity1533 *11. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the described ocular findings of @entity7375 may represent a component of a syndrome consisting also of @entity320 -associated @entity4182 . Within the framework of current concepts of immunity in @entity1 with MM and VKH, the long recurrence-free interval might support the hypothesis of an autoimmune or @entity56 process against melanocytes. The use of immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of VKH and its potential influence on the development of @entity3 should be carefully reconsidered.

title: @entity7375 associated with XXXX : an 11-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['VKH disease', 'Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['edema of the macula']

entities_list: @entity1694 :: ('MESH:D014820', 'Disease') :: ['vitiligo-like depigmentation']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alopecia']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease', 'metastasis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented malignant melanoma', 'melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3171 :: ('MESH:C531767', 'Disease') :: ['optic disc edema']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous malignant melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity7375 associated with cutaneous @entity320 (MM) and non-pigmented nodular @entity3 after a 10-year recurrence-free interval. METHODS: Case report with long-term follow-up of 11 years. Ocular examinations included best-corrected visual acuity (ETDRS charts), fundus photography, @entity941 angiography, and computer-assisted perimetry. In addition, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was performed. RESULTS: A 48-year-old white female @entity1 developed @entity7375 5 years after she had undergone surgical treatment of a superficial spreading @entity320 on her back in 1991. The first symptoms were @entity3067 followed by growth of non-pigmented hair after 8 months. In our clinic, she presented 18 months later with cells and opacification in the vitreous, a macular and @entity3171 and @entity194 of the @entity989 ( @entity989 ). The anterior segment showed endothelial precipitates of the @entity267 , and a progressive secondary @entity231 . Fluorescein angiography detected a bilateral @entity1103 and the optic disc, and focal leakage in the @entity989 level. During follow-up the @entity1 developed more cutaneous signs, such as @entity1694 and @entity10244 . A non-pigmented lymph node MM @entity3 was diagnosed after a 10-year disease-free interval. HLA typing was positive for @entity1529 *01, @entity1529 *24, @entity1530 *08, @entity1530 *39, @entity1533 *03, and @entity1533 *11. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the described ocular findings of @entity7375 may represent a component of a syndrome consisting also of @entity320 -associated @entity4182 . Within the framework of current concepts of immunity in @entity1 with MM and VKH, the long recurrence-free interval might support the hypothesis of an autoimmune or @entity56 process against melanocytes. The use of immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of VKH and its potential influence on the development of @entity3 should be carefully reconsidered.

title: XXXX associated with @entity320 : an 11-year follow-up.

answer: @entity7375 :: (MESH:D014607,Disease) :: ['Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome']


abstract: We analyzed outcomes and prognostic factors to assess the value of reirradiation for recurrent @entity135 . Forty-four @entity1 with recurrent @entity957 had undergone external beam reirradiation with cumulative dosing of more than 80 Gy. Six and 38 cases exhibited recurrent stage III and stage IV @entity5 , respectively. The complete response rate was 32%. Median relapse-free survival time was 4 months, and the 5-year survival was 6%. The major prognostic factor was anatomical location (p < 0.0001). Favorable sites were the nasopharynx, larynx, or oropharynx; unfavorable sites were the oral cavity, nasal cavity, or hypopharynx. Poorly differentiated @entity5 , no prior surgery, cumulative dose more than 125 Gy, and overlapping field less than 40 cm2 between the initial and reirradiation fields were also favorable factors. Multivariate analysis revealed that anatomical location and overlapping field were significant (0.001 and 0.019, respectively) in relapse-free survival. On exclusion of anatomical location from the analysis, history of prior surgery, and cumulative dose were significant (p = 0.002 and p = 0.023, respectively). Severe late complications occurred in only 1 of 14 (7%) @entity1 followed up for longer than 1 year. Reirradiation would be indicative for nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, or @entity5 with small overlapping field, or @entity5 receiving a cumulative dose more than 125 Gy without prior surgery.

title: Prognostic factors of reirradiation for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: An outbreak of acute @entity3219 occurring in 4 members of the same family, two @entity1 , a @entity1 and a male, is reported. The index case presented acute respiratory symptoms, severe enough to require hospitalization. In the remaining @entity1 , the infection was asymptomatic but was evidenced by reactive histoplasmin serologic tests. Search for the common source of infection led to an enriched soil obtained in a local nursery for growing in-door plants. BALB/c @entity19 were inoculated with suspensions of soils from the potted plants. @entity3218 . capsulatum was isolated from various internal organs of the @entity19 . Although @entity3219 is observed more frequently in @entity1 with occupations implying risk of exposure and is connected to rural areas, outbreaks and intra-family cases are now common in urban areas. This is due to massive urbanization, deforestation, demolitions and the use of soils enriched with organic compounds, mainly bird/bat excrements. This report calls the attention on the danger involved in using such enriched soils for plant nutrition.

title: [Outbreak of acute XXXX in a family group: identification of the infection source].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'girl', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum var']

answer: @entity3219 :: (MESH:D006660,Disease) :: ['histoplasmosis']


abstract: The @entity751 is characterised by systemic proliferation of non-neoplastic histiocytes showing haemophagocytosis resulting in @entity1503 . It has been described in relation to several viruses earlier. We present three @entity1 with @entity751 (HFS) secondary to @entity7643 ( @entity7643 ) confirmed by standard laboratory tests. The @entity1 were hospitalized at the University Hospital (Hospital Universitario Ram  n Gonz  lez Valencia-HURGV) in Bucaramanga, Colombia, during the past two years. They were all school-aged @entity1 who presented @entity7643 with intense @entity490 , prolonged @entity221 , @entity551 and painful @entity382 . Laboratory tests showed @entity882 , @entity417 and @entity1431 . A @entity2679 was observed in the abdominal ultrasonography, and all @entity236 showed that platelets, red and white blood cells were phagocyted by histiocytes. According to the International Society of Histiocytosis, @entity70940 is defined and classified in three major categories; the reported cases corresponded to histiocytosis class II, specifically to secondary @entity70940 . Diverse associations of this @entity1800 and some other non-infectious diseases. A difference has been established between primary @entity70940 and secondary @entity70940 . Finally, we emphasize that these three @entity1 had an atypical evolution of @entity9680 , being prolonged @entity221 and persistent @entity490 the most important symptoms. The authors recommend that a @entity236 should be carried out as part of the differential diagnosis study in prolonged @entity221 associated with dengue, as there is a possibility that this complication could be secondary @entity70940 .

title: [Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow aspiration', 'bone marrow aspirations']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome correspond to viral infections']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['calculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['haemophagocytic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['DHF', 'dengue haemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity7643 :: (MESH:D019595,Disease) :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever']


abstract: Numerous studies have documented the presence of racial disparities among Americans in health outcomes with respect to @entity65 , @entity1 mortality, @entity5 , and @entity8 . With @entity8 , these disparities are more dramatic. African, Hispanic, and Native Americans have the highest risks of @entity454 ( @entity454 ). The incidence of @entity454 is four times higher in African Americans than in whites. Diseases causing @entity454 , such as @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity1252 , and @entity1 @entity465 virus-associated @entity8 , are particularly prevalent among African-American @entity1 . In addition to the higher prevalence, the morbidity associated with kidney complications of these diseases appears worse in African-American @entity1 . African Americans also have worse outcomes and a relatively reduced access to kidney transplantation--the best therapy for @entity454 . It is highly likely that social and environmental factors play a very significant role in the persistence of these disparities. A detailed understanding of these socioeconomic and environmental factors will be critical in formulating rational public health strategies to redress these disparities. This paper reviews the social, economic and environmental factors that impact on the incidence of @entity454 in minority groups.

title: Race and XXXX : role of social and environmental factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'regard to kidney diseases', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney failure', 'end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney disease']


abstract: The earliest passage of the @entity1 @entity320 cell line, MeWo-A, consists of ten cell types that can be distinguished on the basis of chromosome markers. Two of these cell types have chromosomes with long @entity3809 ( @entity3809 ) containing sequences derived from the short arm of a chromosome #15. In one cell type the @entity3809 is found on a chromosome #15 and in the other it is on a der(15;10)- @entity3809 chromosome. Four other cell types were identifiable by morphologic differences of the short arm of chromosome #13, whereas, the four remaining cell types were identifiable by the presence of prominent satellites on other chromosomes. This study was directed at assessing the relative @entity7433 properties of the different cell types by injecting different numbers of cells intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, or intravenously into Balb/c @entity19 . The @entity5 and nodules that developed in the peritoneal cavity and lungs were explanted into tissue culture. One hundred metaphase chromosome spreads from each established cell line were analyzed cytogenetically to detect changes in proportions of the different cell types. The cell type containing the der(15;10)- @entity3809 chromosome was present in only 20% of the cells injected, but increased in proportion to between 28% and 98% after growth in @entity19 . Although the degree of selection of the der(15;10)- @entity3809 -containing cell type was influenced by the number of cells injected, the consistent selection of these cells strongly suggests that this cell type has a growth advantage. Because the 15- @entity3809 -containing cell type rarely increased in proportion, it is likely that the @entity3809 by itself can not confer the enhanced @entity7433 phenotype but requires the expression of other sequences present on other MeWo chromosomes to provide the selective growth advantage to the cells in which it is found.

title: Tumorigenicity of ten karyotypically distinct cell types present in the @entity1 XXXX cell line MeWo-A.

entities_list: @entity7433 :: ('MESH:D002471', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['HSR', 'homogeneously staining regions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The earliest passage of the @entity1 @entity320 cell line, MeWo-A, consists of ten cell types that can be distinguished on the basis of chromosome markers. Two of these cell types have chromosomes with long @entity3809 ( @entity3809 ) containing sequences derived from the short arm of a chromosome #15. In one cell type the @entity3809 is found on a chromosome #15 and in the other it is on a der(15;10)- @entity3809 chromosome. Four other cell types were identifiable by morphologic differences of the short arm of chromosome #13, whereas, the four remaining cell types were identifiable by the presence of prominent satellites on other chromosomes. This study was directed at assessing the relative @entity7433 properties of the different cell types by injecting different numbers of cells intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, or intravenously into Balb/c @entity19 . The @entity5 and nodules that developed in the peritoneal cavity and lungs were explanted into tissue culture. One hundred metaphase chromosome spreads from each established cell line were analyzed cytogenetically to detect changes in proportions of the different cell types. The cell type containing the der(15;10)- @entity3809 chromosome was present in only 20% of the cells injected, but increased in proportion to between 28% and 98% after growth in @entity19 . Although the degree of selection of the der(15;10)- @entity3809 -containing cell type was influenced by the number of cells injected, the consistent selection of these cells strongly suggests that this cell type has a growth advantage. Because the 15- @entity3809 -containing cell type rarely increased in proportion, it is likely that the @entity3809 by itself can not confer the enhanced @entity7433 phenotype but requires the expression of other sequences present on other MeWo chromosomes to provide the selective growth advantage to the cells in which it is found.

title: Tumorigenicity of ten karyotypically distinct cell types present in the XXXX @entity320 cell line MeWo-A.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the proliferative characteristics of fibroblasts cultured from emphysematous lungs. METHODS: Fibroblasts were isolated and cultured from emphysematous lungs surgically resected as a consequence of lung volume reduction surgery and from non-cancerous areas of lungs obtained following resection for @entity2 as a non-emphysematous control. Their proliferative activities were compared, as was the effect of @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) on fibroblast proliferation. After incubation with various concentrations of @entity1981 , cells were harvested and cell numbers were counted. Growth curves were constructed and doubling time was calculated to compare the proliferative activity of fibroblasts from emphysematous and @entity1149 . RESULTS: The proliferation of fibroblasts from emphysematous lungs cultured with normal medium appeared suppressed compared with @entity1149 . The addition of @entity1981 to the medium induced more obvious growth inhibition in emphysematous lung fibroblasts. The growth of both fibroblast cultures was inhibited by @entity1981 and this appeared to be concentration dependent. CONCLUSIONS: Fibroblasts from emphysematous lungs had lower proliferative activity and were more susceptible to cigarette smoke than those from @entity1149 . Cigarette smoke may play a critical role in the development and deterioration of @entity2542 by suppressing the growth of lung fibroblasts.

title: Cigarette smoke inhibits the growth of lung fibroblasts from patients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-emphysematous lungs']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['CSE', 'cigarette smoke extract']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

answer: @entity2542 :: (MESH:D011656,Disease) :: ['pulmonary emphysema']


abstract: The reference standard for identifying @entity386 and @entity387 is a pneumotachograph, but using this can disrupt sleep. Nasal airflow estimation by measuring nasal pressure via nasal prongs is better tolerated by @entity1 . However, nasal pressure has not been validated, using an event-by-event analysis, for detecting @entity27 . Eleven @entity1 undergoing polysomnography wore a nasal mask capable of measuring nasal airflow (via pneumotachograph) and nasal pressure simultaneously. Each study was screened for @entity1576 , and from these 550 were randomly selected and blindly scored as an @entity386 / @entity387 or no event each using the pneumotachograph, nasal pressure, square root nasal pressure, and respiratory inductance sum signals independently. Agreement was measured using Cohen's kappa statistic. Intermeasurement agreements between the pneumotachograph and nasal pressure, square root nasal pressure, and respiratory inductance plethysmography sum were 0.76, 0.73, and 0.50, respectively. Inter- and intrarater agreements were, respectively, 0.68 and 0.60 for the pneumotachograph, 0.66 and 0.82 for nasal pressure, 0.61 and 0.78 for square root nasal pressure, and 0.47 and 0.76 for respiratory inductance plethysmography sum. These results indicate that nasal pressure has excellent agreement compared with a pneumotachograph and very good inter-/intrarater agreement. Square root transformation of the nasal pressure signal does not improve these levels of agreement, indicating that it is unnecessary in routine clinical practice for scoring @entity386 / @entity387 .

title: Validation of nasal pressure for the identification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopneas', 'hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apneas/hypopneas during sleep']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['apneas/hypopneas during sleep']


abstract: We have identified a potential serum marker for @entity463 ( @entity463 ) using microarray analysis from samples of @entity463 . We compared the gene expression profile of 19 @entity11 to pooled normal brain by competitive hybridization of RNA from each @entity5 sample to a pooled sample of RNA isolated from normal brain tissue using the Incyte 10,000 gene expression array. The most differentially expressed gene in this analysis encodes a secreted glycoprotein and is referred to as @entity9086 . @entity9086 mRNA was detected in the @entity463 samples with a range of 3- to 62-fold elevation over normal brain. It has been reported previously that this protein is expressed in pathologic conditions of extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis, such as @entity309 , severe @entity571 , @entity1575 , primary @entity14 , and metastatic @entity0 . These data suggest @entity9086 may be involved in extracellular matrix degradation and/or angiogenesis. Western blot analysis of @entity11 samples for @entity9086 protein levels revealed substantial elevation in approximately 65% of GBMs and undetectable levels in lower-grade @entity11 (grade II and III) or normal brain tissue. We performed ELISA analysis on serum samples of @entity11 @entity1 to determine whether this protein would correlate with the presence of @entity5 and @entity5 grade or burden. @entity9086 serum levels were substantially elevated in many of the @entity463 @entity1 . Statistical analysis of these data indicates that in @entity1 with @entity11 , serum @entity9086 levels correlate with @entity5 grade and potentially @entity5 burden in @entity463 .

title: Gene expression microarray analysis reveals XXXX to be a potential serum marker for malignant character in @entity1 @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity9086 :: (1116,Gene) :: ['YKL-40']


abstract: We have identified a potential serum marker for @entity463 ( @entity463 ) using microarray analysis from samples of @entity463 . We compared the gene expression profile of 19 @entity11 to pooled normal brain by competitive hybridization of RNA from each @entity5 sample to a pooled sample of RNA isolated from normal brain tissue using the Incyte 10,000 gene expression array. The most differentially expressed gene in this analysis encodes a secreted glycoprotein and is referred to as @entity9086 . @entity9086 mRNA was detected in the @entity463 samples with a range of 3- to 62-fold elevation over normal brain. It has been reported previously that this protein is expressed in pathologic conditions of extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis, such as @entity309 , severe @entity571 , @entity1575 , primary @entity14 , and metastatic @entity0 . These data suggest @entity9086 may be involved in extracellular matrix degradation and/or angiogenesis. Western blot analysis of @entity11 samples for @entity9086 protein levels revealed substantial elevation in approximately 65% of GBMs and undetectable levels in lower-grade @entity11 (grade II and III) or normal brain tissue. We performed ELISA analysis on serum samples of @entity11 @entity1 to determine whether this protein would correlate with the presence of @entity5 and @entity5 grade or burden. @entity9086 serum levels were substantially elevated in many of the @entity463 @entity1 . Statistical analysis of these data indicates that in @entity1 with @entity11 , serum @entity9086 levels correlate with @entity5 grade and potentially @entity5 burden in @entity463 .

title: Gene expression microarray analysis reveals @entity9086 to be a potential serum marker for malignant character in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: We have identified a potential serum marker for @entity463 ( @entity463 ) using microarray analysis from samples of @entity463 . We compared the gene expression profile of 19 @entity11 to pooled normal brain by competitive hybridization of RNA from each @entity5 sample to a pooled sample of RNA isolated from normal brain tissue using the Incyte 10,000 gene expression array. The most differentially expressed gene in this analysis encodes a secreted glycoprotein and is referred to as @entity9086 . @entity9086 mRNA was detected in the @entity463 samples with a range of 3- to 62-fold elevation over normal brain. It has been reported previously that this protein is expressed in pathologic conditions of extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis, such as @entity309 , severe @entity571 , @entity1575 , primary @entity14 , and metastatic @entity0 . These data suggest @entity9086 may be involved in extracellular matrix degradation and/or angiogenesis. Western blot analysis of @entity11 samples for @entity9086 protein levels revealed substantial elevation in approximately 65% of GBMs and undetectable levels in lower-grade @entity11 (grade II and III) or normal brain tissue. We performed ELISA analysis on serum samples of @entity11 @entity1 to determine whether this protein would correlate with the presence of @entity5 and @entity5 grade or burden. @entity9086 serum levels were substantially elevated in many of the @entity463 @entity1 . Statistical analysis of these data indicates that in @entity1 with @entity11 , serum @entity9086 levels correlate with @entity5 grade and potentially @entity5 burden in @entity463 .

title: Gene expression microarray analysis reveals @entity9086 to be a potential serum marker for malignant character in XXXX @entity11 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Earlier, we found that @entity64 @entity1 with > or =1 asymptomatic @entity1188 on CT had @entity10334 and @entity101 significantly more often than @entity1 without such lesions, and we hypothesized that 2 types of @entity6249 could be distinguished during life: @entity8994 and microatheromatosis, respectively. Differences in prognosis might sustain this hypothesis of 2 @entity64 entities. Therefore, we performed a follow-up in 333 @entity1 with first @entity64 , distinguishing those with > or =1 asymptomatic @entity75 ( @entity11524 +) from those without such lesions ( @entity11524 -). METHODS: Cross-sectional follow-up was performed after 785+/-479 days (mean+/-SD) in 104 @entity11524 + @entity1 and 865+/-545 days in 229 @entity11524 - @entity1 . RESULTS: Mortality at the end of follow-up was 33% in @entity11524 + and 21% in @entity11524 - @entity1 [odds ratio (OR), 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01 to 3.01]. @entity64 recurrence rate was 21% in @entity11524 + and 11% in @entity11524 - (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.08 to 4.06). Forty percent of @entity11524 + and 26% of @entity11524 - @entity1 had unfavorable outcome at the end of follow-up (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.26). Kaplan-Meier curves showed less favorable survival in @entity11524 + (log-rank test, P=0.0218) and survival free of @entity64 (log-rank test, P=0.0121) than in @entity11524 -. When we restricted the analysis to @entity1 with both @entity75 and @entity10334 (n=63) compared with those without (n=196), differences were even more pronounced. CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis for mortality, recurrent @entity64 , and overall functional outcome in @entity64 @entity1 with > or =1 silent @entity75 is more unfavorable than in @entity1 without such lesions. These findings sustain the idea of 2 @entity64 entities.

title: Two types of XXXX : further arguments from a study on prognosis.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity8994 :: ('MESH:D050379', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['small-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar lesions', 'silent lesions']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarcts']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['lacunar infarcts']


abstract: The results of intraventricular (i.vt.) chemotherapy in 36 cases of adult @entity981 ( @entity981 ) were analyzed to define a useful and reliable form of central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis. @entity1 received @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) via an Ommaya reservoir six times every 4 weeks. This was repeated when bone marrow relapse occurred. Intraventricular maintenance CNS prophylaxis during half a year appeared adequate, since primary CNS relapses were seen in only two @entity1 (5.6%). These @entity1 had failed to follow the prophylaxis schedule. The procedure was implemented and repeated relatively easily and did not lead to @entity2359 . The i.vt. route was also satisfactory for the treatment of initial and recurrent episodes of @entity693 ( @entity693 ). The therapy reduced morbidity caused by @entity693 to a minimum.

title: XXXX in adults: results of intraventricular maintenance chemotherapy for central nervous system prophylaxis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal leukemia', 'ML']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic problems']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: Little it known about @entity1 stem cells although they are likely to be the earliest progenitors of @entity189 . Just as methylation can substitute for mutations to inactivate @entity5 suppressor genes, methylation can also substitute for mutations in a phylogenetic analysis. This review explains why stem cell dynamics may be important to @entity5 progression and how methylation patterns found in a normal @entity1 colon can be used to reconstruct the behavior of crypt stem cells. Histories are recorded in sequences and strategies used to reconstruct phylogenies from sequences likely apply to methylation patterns because both exhibit somatic inheritance. Such a quantitative analysis of colon methylation patterns infers stem cells live in niches containing multiple 'stem' cells. Although niche stem cell numbers remain constant, clonal succession is inherent to niches because periodically progeny from a single stem cell become dominant. These niche succession cycles may potentially accumulate multiple alterations because they resemble superficially the clonal succession of @entity5 progression except that they occur invisibly in the absence of selection or phenotypic change. Alterations without immediate selective value may hitchhike passively in the stem cells that become dominant during niche succession cycles. The inherent ability of a niche to @entity4682 alterations (Muller's ratchet) is another potential mechanism besides instability and selection to sequentially accumulate multiple alterations. Many alterations found in @entity14 may reflect such occult clonal progression in normal colon.

title: Methylation reveals a niche: stem cell succession in XXXX colon crypts.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A syngeneic monoclonal antibody (MAb) (IC5F5) was successfully used in the immunotherapy of Rauscher-virus-induced @entity2800 RMB-I cells. It is directed to a virus-encoded, but aberrantly processed protein, which is expressed on the cell membrane. When applied in vivo, it binds only to RMB-I @entity5 cells. BALB/c @entity19 were inoculated i.p. or i.v. with 10(7) RMB-I cells and died within 2-3 weeks due to increasing @entity5 load. @entity19 inoculated i.p. were completely cured by daily injections of ascites containing IC5F5. Disseminated @entity5 cells in liver and hemopoietic organs were observed after i.v. inoculation. Daily treatment with MAbs resulted in survival beyond 90 days. No antigenic modulation was observed when @entity5 tissue was analyzed 2-10 days after treatment. Treatment was successful even when therapy was postponed until day 5 following inoculation of @entity5 cells. When the number of ascites injections was reduced, survival was identical to that observed among repeatedly treated @entity19 . Ten- and 100-fold dilution of ascites fluid diminished the number of survivors, but still resulted in a median survival time of 38 and 20 days, respectively, as compared to 14 days for untreated @entity19 .

title: Use of syngeneic monoclonal antibodies in the therapy of disseminated XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemic']

answer: @entity2800 :: (MESH:D007951,Disease) :: ['myeloid leukemic']


abstract: The goal of the present study was to identify the factors related to the occurrence of @entity130 in deciduous teeth. Over a period of 25 months, 85 @entity1 between 10 months and 6 years of age were assisted by the staff of the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) Florian  polis, Brazil. The @entity1 , all assisted by only one professional, a dentist working as a trainee in the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, had 157 traumatized teeth treated. The occurrence of @entity130 was higher in male @entity1 (51.8%) and in @entity1 between 1 and 3 years old. The average age was about =2.7 years. The 54.1% of the assisted @entity1 had more than one traumatized tooth and the repeat @entity130 occurred 16.7% of the time. @entity1347 represented 98.7% of the cases and 76.4% of the @entity130 were on the maxillary central incisor teeth. Both sides of the mouth had approximately the same number of @entity130 . Luxations were more frequent (85.4%) than @entity174 (14.6%). Subluxations represented 38.8% of the luxated teeth. Falls were the main cause of @entity130 (78%). A percentage of 41.9 @entity1 were assisted by a dental professional during the first 24h after the incident. The study concluded that the deciduous dentition is mostly affected by luxations (subluxations) that occur specially on the maxillary central incisor teeth, in @entity1 between 1 and 3 years of age. Falls are the most common etiological factor and more than one traumatized tooth is common. Some of the cases were repeat @entity130 .

title: Traumatized primary teeth in XXXX assisted at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Anterior teeth']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'dental trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To confirm that performance in verbal learning and memory test (Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test-RAVLT) is a helpful early neuropsychological marker of @entity303 of @entity195 (DAT). METHODS: RAVLT was administered as part of a more extensive neuropsychological battery at baseline evaluation in 116 unselected @entity1 referred by @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ). @entity1 were followed longitudinally for 2 years (average interval of 27.7+/-4 months). Seventy @entity1 were included in the study: 27 developed probable DAT; 17 were diagnosed as cognitively normal @entity1 and 26 were diagnosed with @entity73 ( @entity73 ). Remaining @entity1 abandoned or they did not meet the criteria for DAT, @entity73 or control. Performance on RAVLT at the baseline evaluation was compared between groups. RESULTS: @entity1 diagnosed two years later with probable DAT showed lower results, more frequently performed a score of zero at the delayed recall test (Trial 6) and had a percentage of forgetting (difference between Trials 5 and 6) higher than 75%. Score at delayed recall test and percentage of forgetting correlated with functional scales such as MMSE, Geriatric Depression Screening, Informant Questionnaire and Blessed's @entity303 Rating. CONCLUSIONS: RAVLT could help to identify those @entity1 with @entity2414 who would progress to DAT over a few years, and also to differentiate between the preclinical phase of @entity195 , mild @entity73 and normal aging. A score of zero at the delayed recall test or a percentage of forgetting > or =75% in @entity1 with @entity2414 is suggestive of probable DAT in the future.

title: Rey verbal learning test is a useful tool for differential diagnosis in the preclinical phase of XXXX : comparison with mild @entity73 and normal aging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Mild Cognitive Impairment', 'cognitive impairment', 'MCI']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's type"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['SMC', 'subjective memory complaints']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To confirm that performance in verbal learning and memory test (Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test-RAVLT) is a helpful early neuropsychological marker of @entity303 of @entity195 (DAT). METHODS: RAVLT was administered as part of a more extensive neuropsychological battery at baseline evaluation in 116 unselected @entity1 referred by @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ). @entity1 were followed longitudinally for 2 years (average interval of 27.7+/-4 months). Seventy @entity1 were included in the study: 27 developed probable DAT; 17 were diagnosed as cognitively normal @entity1 and 26 were diagnosed with @entity73 ( @entity73 ). Remaining @entity1 abandoned or they did not meet the criteria for DAT, @entity73 or control. Performance on RAVLT at the baseline evaluation was compared between groups. RESULTS: @entity1 diagnosed two years later with probable DAT showed lower results, more frequently performed a score of zero at the delayed recall test (Trial 6) and had a percentage of forgetting (difference between Trials 5 and 6) higher than 75%. Score at delayed recall test and percentage of forgetting correlated with functional scales such as MMSE, Geriatric Depression Screening, Informant Questionnaire and Blessed's @entity303 Rating. CONCLUSIONS: RAVLT could help to identify those @entity1 with @entity2414 who would progress to DAT over a few years, and also to differentiate between the preclinical phase of @entity195 , mild @entity73 and normal aging. A score of zero at the delayed recall test or a percentage of forgetting > or =75% in @entity1 with @entity2414 is suggestive of probable DAT in the future.

title: Rey verbal learning test is a useful tool for differential diagnosis in the preclinical phase of @entity195 : comparison with mild XXXX and normal aging.

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: The key decision in the treatment of @entity130 is the determination of the depth of the burn wound and the resultant decision on treatment options. The trend in the treatment of deep dermal and full thickness burns is toward very early excision and grafting to reduce the risk of @entity281 , decrease scar formation, shorten hospital stay, and thereby reducing costs. Traditionally, this has involved serial clinical examinations, which involves primarily subjective judgment. Various objective examination techniques, supplementing the clinical diagnosis, have been suggested, but none has yet achieved widespread clinical acceptance. It has frequently been postulated that the blood flow in injured tissue indicates the extent of tissue damage. In this study, the clinical and scientific impact of @entity3194 (ICG) video angiography was tested in 20 @entity1 . A wide range of depth of injury and etiology was included and analyzed. In all cases considered, video angiography was possible. The measurements and observations correlated well with the @entity4808 , which was assessed clinically (pre- and intraoperative assessment) and histologically (biopsies). In conclusion, ICG video angiography seems to be a practical method to describe vascular patency in a burn wound. The results indicate that ICG fluorescence angiography is a practical, accurate, and effective adjunct to clinical methods for estimating @entity130 and thereby to assist in the rational assessment of treatment options. Furthermore, it allows an objective, qualitative and quantitative observation of the dynamic changes in @entity130 , which are observed during the acute post-burn period, thereby indicating optimal timing of the first operation.

title: XXXX video angiographies help to identify burns requiring operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['actual burn depth']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injuries', 'burn wound depth']

answer: @entity3194 :: (MESH:D007208,Chemical) :: ['Indocyanine green']


abstract: The aim of the study was to check whether dental @entity2175 charts made in southern Finland can be used without modifications in other parts of the country. For this reason the dental @entity2175 of 90 @entity1 living in the sparsely populated areas of Kuhmo in northeastern Finland was compared with that of a larger sample of Helsinki @entity1 . Most of the Kuhmo @entity1 were 7.0-8.5 and 10.5-12.5 yr of age. The method of Demirjian and associates was used to estimate dental @entity2175 . The means of dental @entity2175 scores were greater in Kuhmo in most half-year groups in both sexes. The median dental @entity2175 scores of Kuhmo @entity1 were between the 50th and 84th percentile curves of Helsinki @entity1 . A referent of the same age and sex was chosen for each Kuhmo @entity1 from the Helsinki @entity1 . The paired t-test was based on the difference in dental age. The dental age of the Kuhmo @entity1 was higher (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest differences in dental @entity2175 within a fairly homogeneous population, which should be considered when national charts are used.

title: Comparisons of dental XXXX between the rural community of Kuhmo in northeastern Finland and the city of Helsinki.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['maturity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: One of the most important objectives in the management of @entity565 is to improve the quality of life of @entity1 . We summarized our experience in using Juniper's @entity565 quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) in Chinese @entity748 . METHODS: Measurement instruments included self-administered AQLQ mandarin Chinese version and its standardized version. The data were from 210 AQLQ evaluations from 96 @entity1 . RESULTS: AQLQ and its four domains weakly correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) except the environment domain (r: 0.201 - 0.284). If the @entity748 @entity1 were graded into 4 groups based on FEV(1), AQLQ and its four domains significantly detected the differences among the groups. The change of AQLQ, however, was not correlated with the change of FEV(1). The change of AQLQ domain of symptoms was correlated with the change of peak expiratory flow. CONCLUSION: The Juniper's AQLQ performs well in Chinese @entity748 . AQLQ is correlated with pulmonary function and probably more sensitive and accurate than pulmonary function in the evaluation of disease severity.

title: [The use of Juniper's @entity565 quality of life questionnaire in Chinese XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics', 'asthmatic']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatics']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: One of the most important objectives in the management of @entity565 is to improve the quality of life of @entity1 . We summarized our experience in using Juniper's @entity565 quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) in Chinese @entity748 . METHODS: Measurement instruments included self-administered AQLQ mandarin Chinese version and its standardized version. The data were from 210 AQLQ evaluations from 96 @entity1 . RESULTS: AQLQ and its four domains weakly correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) except the environment domain (r: 0.201 - 0.284). If the @entity748 @entity1 were graded into 4 groups based on FEV(1), AQLQ and its four domains significantly detected the differences among the groups. The change of AQLQ, however, was not correlated with the change of FEV(1). The change of AQLQ domain of symptoms was correlated with the change of peak expiratory flow. CONCLUSION: The Juniper's AQLQ performs well in Chinese @entity748 . AQLQ is correlated with pulmonary function and probably more sensitive and accurate than pulmonary function in the evaluation of disease severity.

title: [The use of Juniper's XXXX quality of life questionnaire in Chinese @entity748 ].

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to conduct a study to define the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of @entity1 with @entity19 typhus in Tenerife island (Canary islands, Spain). Moreover, we investigated the differential clinical features of this disease with regard to @entity4002 . @entity1 AND METHOD: 5-year prospective study of @entity1 with @entity19 typhus (1998-2002) admited in a reference hospital in Tenerife, Spain. RESULTS: Thirty two @entity1 were included. @entity11101 bite and @entity35 exposure were iuncommon (6.25%). The monthly distribution showed a peak of incidence in January, August and September, without a clear seasonal prevalence. Fever and @entity10 were the most common clinical features. @entity1910 was present in 28% of the cases. Both an increase in liver enzyme levels (88%) and @entity882 (37.5%) were the most relevant laboratory findings. Organ complications were uncommon (18.75%). Antibiotics were administered to 90% of @entity1 and cure was achieved in all them. Compared with @entity4002 , @entity1 with @entity19 typhus more commonly had @entity1910 (p = 0.006) and @entity882 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity19 typhus is an emerging rickettsiosis in Tenerife and must be considered in the differential diagnosis with @entity4002 .

title: [ @entity19 typhus in Tenerife. Clinicoepidemiological study and differential clinical features with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['Q fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to conduct a study to define the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of @entity1 with @entity19 typhus in Tenerife island (Canary islands, Spain). Moreover, we investigated the differential clinical features of this disease with regard to @entity4002 . @entity1 AND METHOD: 5-year prospective study of @entity1 with @entity19 typhus (1998-2002) admited in a reference hospital in Tenerife, Spain. RESULTS: Thirty two @entity1 were included. @entity11101 bite and @entity35 exposure were iuncommon (6.25%). The monthly distribution showed a peak of incidence in January, August and September, without a clear seasonal prevalence. Fever and @entity10 were the most common clinical features. @entity1910 was present in 28% of the cases. Both an increase in liver enzyme levels (88%) and @entity882 (37.5%) were the most relevant laboratory findings. Organ complications were uncommon (18.75%). Antibiotics were administered to 90% of @entity1 and cure was achieved in all them. Compared with @entity4002 , @entity1 with @entity19 typhus more commonly had @entity1910 (p = 0.006) and @entity882 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity19 typhus is an emerging rickettsiosis in Tenerife and must be considered in the differential diagnosis with @entity4002 .

title: [ XXXX typhus in Tenerife. Clinicoepidemiological study and differential clinical features with @entity4002 ].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']