abstract: BACKGROUND: The modular @entity24933 (MoPyC) radial head prosthesis (Tornier, Saint-Ismier, France) is a monoblock modular radial head prosthesis. This study assessed midterm outcomes after implantation of the prosthesis. MATERIALS: A retrospective study was conducted of a consecutive cohort of 65 @entity1 who underwent radial head replacement with the MoPyC prosthesis from January 2006 to April 2013. Indications were @entity174 , early or late failures from orthopedic or fixation treatments, and revisions after another implant. @entity1 were observed for >2  years for range of motion, @entity158 , and stability; function by the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (total score, 100) and grip strength were assessed. Quality of stem implantation, bone resorption around the neck, and periprosthetic lucency were noted and quantified on radiographs. Capitellum shape and density as well as humeroulnar aspect (river delta sign) were evaluated. Complications and revision procedures were noted. RESULTS: We evaluated 52 of 65 @entity1 (mean follow-up, 46      20  months; range, 24-108). The Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 96      7; @entity158 score, 42      7/45; and motion score, 18      2/20. Function and stability were excellent. Radiology revealed 92% of @entity1 with cortical resorption around the neck without mechanical failure. Bone resorption was mostly anterior and lateral; it resolved within the first year and thereafter was stable. Eight @entity1 underwent revision surgery for stiffness. No implant failures were noted. CONCLUSION: Results of the MoPyC radial head prosthesis appear to be satisfactory. Bone resorption around the neck (stress shielding) is frequent and stable after 1  year and does not impair stem fixation. The MoPyC prosthesis appears to be a reliable solution for replacing the radial head.

title: Clinical and radiologic outcomes of XXXX radial head prosthesis: midterm results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity24933 :: ('MESH:C009139', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrocarbon']

answer: @entity24933 :: (MESH:C009139,Chemical) :: ['pyrocarbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A relation between @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and increased @entity165 levels is apparent. In the present study we investigate @entity571 pathology in @entity6970 ( @entity6970 )(-)(/-) @entity19 with and without a @entity165 -rich diet, a model for high systemic low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels independent of weight. METHOD: @entity164 ( @entity164 ), @entity6970 (-)(/-), @entity3843 (-/-) and @entity6970 (-)(/-) @entity3843 (-/-) @entity19 (C57BL/6 background) received a standard or @entity165 -rich diet. Experimental @entity571 was induced by intra-articular injection of collagenase and animals were sacrificed at day 10 and day 36. RESULTS: Although minimal differences in cartilage damage were found between the @entity164 and @entity6970 (-)(/-) @entity19 , increased synovial thickening was found in the latter. Thirty-six days after @entity571 -induction, @entity6970 (-)(/-) @entity19 on a standard diet showed increased ectopic bone formation, particularly at the medial collateral ligament, compared with @entity571 in @entity164 @entity19 . Furthermore, a significant increase in synovial gene expression of both @entity12100 and @entity3843 and @entity12100 / @entity3843 protein levels was found in @entity6970 (-)(/-) @entity19 , suggesting an activated inflammatory status of synovial cells. In both @entity6970 (-)(/-) and @entity164 @entity19 , addition of a @entity165 -rich diet resulted in excessive bone formation in the medial collateral ligament at late-time-point @entity571 . Interestingly, at the early time point, proteoglycan deposition was already significantly increased in @entity6970 (-)(/-) @entity19 compared with @entity164 @entity19 . @entity19 deficient for both @entity6970 and @entity3843 also showed increased ectopic bone formation, but not synovial activation, suggesting a role for S100-proteins in @entity165 -mediated synovial activation. CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity165 levels strongly elevate synovial activation and ectopic bone formation in early-stage collagenase-induced @entity571 .

title: High LDL levels lead to increased synovial inflammation and accelerated ectopic bone formation during experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis proposes that the genetic benefits of preferences for elaborated secondary sexual traits have their origins in the arms race between hosts and parasites, which maintains genetic variance in parasite resistance. Infection, in turn, can be reflected in the expression of costly sexual ornaments. However, the link between immune genes, @entity281 , and the expression of secondary sexual traits has rarely been investigated. Here, we explored whether the presence and identity of functional variants (supertypes) of the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is responsible for the recognition of parasites, predict the load of lung and gut parasites and antler development in the @entity2498 ( @entity2498 ). While we found MHC supertypes to be associated with @entity281 by a number of parasite species, including debilitating lung @entity2199 , we did not find support for the Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis. On the contrary, we found that lung @entity2199 load was positively associated with antler development. We also found that the supertypes that were associated with resistance to certain parasites at the same time cause susceptibility to others. Such tradeoffs may undermine the potential genetic benefits of mate choice for resistant partners. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: MHC, parasites and antler development in XXXX : no support for the Hamilton _ Zuk hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes']

entities_list: @entity2498 :: ('9860', 'Species') :: ['Cervus elaphus', 'red deer']

answer: @entity2498 :: (9860,Species) :: ['red deer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Short interfering RNA is an effective method for target gene knockdown. However, concerns surround the design, administration, efficacy, specificity, and immunostimulatory potential. Although uptake by alveolar macrophages has been demonstrated, studies have not examined its use in @entity63 -reperfusion injury. We describe the validation of short interference RNA as a novel technique for cell-specific target gene knockdown in our model of @entity63 -reperfusion injury. METHODS: Dose-response experiments were performed, and 3 distinct sequences of @entity45182 , and myeloid differentiation factor-88 short interference RNA were tested for efficacy of knockdown. Saline, lipid vector, and noncoding short interference RNA controls were used. Similar experiments were performed in primary cultures of resident pulmonary cells. Target protein knockdown was assessed by Western blot. Rat serum and cell culture media were assessed for interferon and cytokine production. Biotin labeling was used to assess short interference RNA uptake. RESULTS: Target protein expression was significantly reduced using short interference RNA. However, @entity2939 knockdown was isolated to alveolar macrophages, and @entity1885 labeling confirmed @entity2939 short interference RNA localization to alveolar macrophages. There was significant knockdown of @entity2939 expression in cultured cells treated with @entity2939 short interference RNA. There was no significant change in interferon production after short interference RNA treatment. There was effective target protein knockdown with each sequence used. CONCLUSIONS: Short interference RNA is a valid method for achieving target protein knockdown in alveolar macrophages and is an important tool in the evaluation of its role in the development of @entity63 -reperfusion injury.

title: Validating the use of short interfering RNA as a novel technique for cell-specific target gene knockdown in XXXX -reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity45182 :: ('7099;7097', 'Gene') :: ['toll-like receptor-4, toll-like receptor-2']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['lung ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['lung ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To contribute to a greater characterization of the airborne particulate matter's @entity137 , size-fractionated PM10 was sampled during different seasons in a polluted urban site in Torino, a northern Italian city. Three main size fractions (PM10 - 3   m; PM3 - 0.95   m; PM  <  0.95   m) extracts (organic and aqueous) were assayed with @entity1357  cells to evaluate their effects on cell proliferation, LDH activity, @entity310 , @entity687 and @entity4187 expression. The mean PM10 concentrations were statistically different in summer and in winter and the finest fraction PM<0.95 was always higher than the others. Size-fractionated PM10 extracts, sampled in an urban traffic meteorological-chemical station produced size-related toxicological effects in relation to season and particles extraction. The PM summer extracts induced a significant release of LDH compared to winter and produced a size-related effect, with higher values measured with PM10-3. Exposure to size-fractionated PM10 extracts did not induce significant expression of @entity310 . @entity687 expression was influenced by exposure to size-fractionated PM10 extracts and statistically significant differences were found between kind of extracts for both seasons. The mean fold increases in @entity4187 expression were statistically different in summer and in winter; winter fraction extracts produced a size-related effect, in particular for organic samples with higher values measured with PM<0.95 extracts. Our results confirm that the only measure of PM can be misleading for the assessment of air quality moreover we support efforts toward identifying potential effect-based tools (e.g. in  vitro test) that could be used in the context of the different monitoring programs.

title: Inflammation response and cytotoxic effects in human XXXX  cells of size-fractionated PM10 extracts in a polluted urban site.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity1357 :: (2736,Gene) :: ['THP-1']


abstract: @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) is a disorder with a high mortality rate. We present a case of @entity6703 with @entity1167 during the cesarean section who recovered sequela. A 28-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed as low lying placenta and planned to undergo cesarean section in 38th gestational week. She had atypical @entity548 in 32nd gestational weeks and she received emergency cesarean section under general anesthesia. After expulsion of her fetus, she lost many blood. We suspected @entity2143 and started therapy immediately, but @entity1167 occurred suddenly. She was resuscitated, and we decided to suspend the operation with temporary gauze-packing. After in better general condition, we removed the packed gauze from her abdomen. She could leave the intensive care unit 7 days after the first operation. In this case, the crucial points for successful resuscitation were prompt obstetric anesthesiologist involvement and good communication with obstetricians.

title: [A Successful Case of Recovery from the Amniotic Fluid Embolism with XXXX during the Operation].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['genital bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric DIC']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['Amniotic fluid embolism', 'AFE']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The existence of zones of humoral skin-subskin tissue linkage with internal organs as well as the possibility of targeted administration of preparation into the affected organs were studied. METHODS: An experimental study of preparation and distribution in the bodies of @entity19 was held by both intravenous and lymphotropic methods of administration. By means of detection with a photosensitizer (as a marker), the study was conducted on healthy @entity19 and @entity19 with @entity32 . Based on the experimental results, the study has been implemented into the clinical practice of treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of testicle and its epididymis. @entity1 were administered antibiotics either by the lymphotropic method, or by traditional methods. RESULTS: The concentration of the preparation, administered by the lymphotropic method, maintained in target organs (testicles) at a high level for a longer time, while the intravenous injections provided fast achievement of high concentrations. Moreover there was a lower level of accumulation of the photosensitizer in parenchymal organs after subcutaneous (lymphotropic) administration. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of humoral connection of certain areas of skin and subcutaneous tissue with testicles and their epididymis was proved. It was found that the lymphotropic administration leads to earlier clinical improvement and normalization of laboratory indices, and, thus, to significant reduction in hospital stay. Such results open the possibility of targeted drug delivery to the diseased organs. In perspective, the method may be used in treating @entity1 not only in urology, but also in surgery, as well asfor many acute, chronic or @entity5 .

title: Lymphotropic administration of photosensitizer as a model of target therapy of XXXX : experimental and clinical data.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['testicle inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer diseases']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['testicle inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospitalisations for @entity1030 exacerbation effect @entity1 outcomes and healthcare costs. The long-term impact of an integrated @entity1030 disease management approach on hospitalisation remains controversial. AIM: This study evaluated whether a multi-disciplinary community service reduces respiratory hospitalisations for @entity1030 @entity1 . METHODS: 346 @entity1 were followed for a mean duration of 27.3 months. The number of admissions, total bed days for respiratory ( @entity55 ) or general medical causes and length of stay per respiratory admission were compared before and after referral to the service. Secondary multivariate analysis examined which clinical parameters best predict benefit from such service. RESULTS: Total respiratory admission and hospital bed days after referral were reduced by 31% (288 vs 417, p<0.001) and 40.4% (1637 vs 2746, p<0.0001) respectively compared to the equivalent duration prior. The average length of stay for each respiratory admission was also significantly reduced after referral (6.61 vs 5.70, p=0.02). Overall, 55% @entity1 experienced reduction in admission frequency and hospital days. The impact on admission frequency and hospital days was greatest in those with at least moderate disease (GOLD >= 2, OR 3.2, 95%CI 1.2, 8.9; p=0.019) and those who completed pulmonary rehabilitation (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.1, 2.8; p=0.04). In contrast, general medical admissions were increased, one third attributable to a cardiovascular cause both before and after referral. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of @entity1030 multidisciplinary community service was associated with reduced respiratory hospitalisations in the long term. @entity1 with moderate or severe disease, and able to complete pulmonary rehabilitation are much more likely to benefit.

title: Integrated Multidisciplinary Community Service for XXXX Reduces Hospitalisations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['COPD exacerbation or pneumonia']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between @entity28 and @entity565 control in a group of @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: In this prospective study, body mass index (BMI) values of 200 @entity565 @entity1 aged 4-18  y who had been regularly followed up by Kartal Education and Research Hospital Pediatric Asthma Outpatient Clinic were calculated. Asthma control test (ACT) and @entity565 control questionnaire (ACQ) were performed. The degrees of @entity565 control were evaluated with regard to BMI values in consideration of the data obtained. RESULTS: The lowest and the highest BMI values were 12.4 and 30.0  kg/m(2), respectively (mean 18.1        2.9). Of the total 200 @entity1 , 110 were @entity1 and 90 were @entity1 . It was found that 17  % of the @entity1 were overweight and 16  % @entity28 . ACT results showed that 72 @entity1 had controlled @entity565 , 102 @entity1 had partially controlled @entity565 and 26 @entity1 had uncontrolled @entity565 . According to ACQ results, 165 @entity1 had controlled @entity565 , 17 @entity1 had partially controlled @entity565 and 18 @entity1 had uncontrolled @entity565 . CONCLUSIONS: Thus, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between @entity565 control degrees of @entity28 and @entity28 @entity1 . In other words, @entity28 did not affect the @entity565 control level.

title: Relationship Between Obesity and Asthma Control in XXXX Aged 4-18  years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the normal size of the thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries is important regarding the detection of the abnormal and valuable in the treatment of @entity1 with congenital and acquired @entity65 . PURPOSE: To determine the normal diameters of the thoracic vascular structures of pediatric @entity1 on contrast-enhanced multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July 2010 and July 2014, the MDCT examinations obtained from 520 @entity1 (age range, 0-18 years; mean age, 8.49 years        5.54 [standard deviation]; male:female ratio, 1.6:1) with normal cardiovascular examinations were retrospectively evaluated. @entity1 were divided into six groups according to their age. Diameters of the ascending aorta (AA), descending aorta (DA), @entity358 ( @entity358 ), @entity358 ( @entity358 ), and @entity358 ( @entity358 ) were measured. RESULTS: The diameters of the thoracic vascular structures increased with age and the statistical difference among the age groups and genders were significant. The vascular structures in male @entity1 tended to have higher dimensions than female @entity1 . The @entity358 demonstrated higher mean values than the @entity358 in each age group. The mean ratio PA ( @entity358 /AA) is 0.93        0.08 for pediatric @entity1 and it is slightly higher in @entity1 compared to @entity1 (0.93        0.07 and 0.92        0.07, respectively). The level of pulmonary artery bifurcation moves caudally with increasing age with thoracal 6 vertebra being the most common for all age groups (53.3%). CONCLUSION: We believe that the results of our study can serve as a potential reference in differentiating the normal from the abnormal size of the aorta and pulmonary arteries on chest MDCT studies in the pediatric population.

title: Multidetector computed tomographic assessment of the normal diameters for the thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries in XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['LPA', 'left pulmonary artery', 'right pulmonary artery', 'MPA', 'main pulmonary artery', 'RPA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the normal size of the thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries is important regarding the detection of the abnormal and valuable in the treatment of @entity1 with congenital and acquired @entity65 . PURPOSE: To determine the normal diameters of the thoracic vascular structures of pediatric @entity1 on contrast-enhanced multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) scans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July 2010 and July 2014, the MDCT examinations obtained from 520 @entity1 (age range, 0-18 years; mean age, 8.49 years        5.54 [standard deviation]; male:female ratio, 1.6:1) with normal cardiovascular examinations were retrospectively evaluated. @entity1 were divided into six groups according to their age. Diameters of the ascending aorta (AA), descending aorta (DA), @entity358 ( @entity358 ), @entity358 ( @entity358 ), and @entity358 ( @entity358 ) were measured. RESULTS: The diameters of the thoracic vascular structures increased with age and the statistical difference among the age groups and genders were significant. The vascular structures in male @entity1 tended to have higher dimensions than female @entity1 . The @entity358 demonstrated higher mean values than the @entity358 in each age group. The mean ratio PA ( @entity358 /AA) is 0.93        0.08 for pediatric @entity1 and it is slightly higher in @entity1 compared to @entity1 (0.93        0.07 and 0.92        0.07, respectively). The level of pulmonary artery bifurcation moves caudally with increasing age with thoracal 6 vertebra being the most common for all age groups (53.3%). CONCLUSION: We believe that the results of our study can serve as a potential reference in differentiating the normal from the abnormal size of the aorta and pulmonary arteries on chest MDCT studies in the pediatric population.

title: Multidetector computed tomographic assessment of the normal diameters for the thoracic aorta and pulmonary arteries in @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hemodynamic factors may affect the potential occurrence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after intervention procedure of @entity9085 ( @entity9085 ). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of stent protrusion length in implantation strategy on the local hemodynamics of the @entity9085 . CTA images of a 58-year-old female @entity1 with @entity4798 transient @entity63 attack were used to perform a 3D reconstruction of the vertebral artery. Five models of the vertebral artery before and after the stent implantation were established. Model 1 was without stent implantation, Model 2-5 was with stent protruding into the subclavian artery for 0, 1, 2, 3  mm, respectively. Computational fluid dynamics simulations based on finite element analysis were employed to mimic the blood flow in arteries and to assess hemodynamic conditions, particularly the blood flow velocity and @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ). The @entity1642 and the blood flow velocity at the vertebral artery ostium were reduced by 85.33 and 35.36% respectively after stents implantation. The phenomenon of helical flow disappeared. Hemodynamics comparison showed that stent struts that protruded 1  mm into the subclavian artery induced the least decrease in blood speed and @entity1642 . The results suggest that stent implantation can improve the hemodynamics of @entity9085 , while stent struts that had protruded 1  mm into the subclavian artery would result in less thrombogenesis and neointimal @entity1373 and most likely decrease the risk of ISR.

title: Hemodynamics in stented XXXX based on computational fluid dynamics simulations.

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['posterior circulation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery ostial stenosis', 'VAOS']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WSS', 'wall shear stress']

answer: @entity9085 :: (MESH:D014715,Disease) :: ['vertebral artery ostial stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent conflicting reports have found both @entity1313 hypercellularity and @entity39 in regions of restricted diffusion on MRI-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images. This study precisely compares ADC and cell density voxel by voxel using postmortem @entity1 whole brain samples. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1653 were evaluated to determine a normative ADC distribution within benign fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) T2/hyperintensity surrounding @entity5 . This distribution was used to calculate a minimum ADC threshold to define regions of ADC-FLAIR mismatch (AFMM), where restricted diffusion presented in conjunction with T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. Contrast-enhancing voxels were excluded from this analysis. AFMM maps were generated using imaging acquired prior to @entity204 in 7 @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 who eventually donated their brains upon @entity204 . Histological samples were taken from numerous regions of abnormal FLAIR and AFMM. Each sample was computationally processed to determine cell density. Custom software was then used to downsample coregistered microscopic histology to the more coarse MRI resolution. A voxel-by-voxel evaluation comparing ADC and cellularity was then performed. RESULTS: An ADC threshold of 0.929   10(-3) mm(2)/s was calculated from @entity1653 -induced @entity4 and was used to define AFMM. Regions of AFMM showed significantly greater cell density in 6 of 7 high-grade @entity11 cases compared with regions of hyperintense FLAIR alone (P < .0001). Two @entity1 had small regions of diffusion-restricted @entity39 that had significantly lower ADC than nearby hypercellularity. CONCLUSIONS: Regions of AFMM contain hypercellularity except for regions with extremely restricted diffusion, where @entity39 is present.

title: Precise ex vivo histological validation of heightened cellularity and diffusion-restricted XXXX in regions of dark apparent diffusion coefficient in 7 cases of high-grade @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent conflicting reports have found both @entity1313 hypercellularity and @entity39 in regions of restricted diffusion on MRI-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images. This study precisely compares ADC and cell density voxel by voxel using postmortem @entity1 whole brain samples. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1653 were evaluated to determine a normative ADC distribution within benign fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) T2/hyperintensity surrounding @entity5 . This distribution was used to calculate a minimum ADC threshold to define regions of ADC-FLAIR mismatch (AFMM), where restricted diffusion presented in conjunction with T2/FLAIR hyperintensity. Contrast-enhancing voxels were excluded from this analysis. AFMM maps were generated using imaging acquired prior to @entity204 in 7 @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 who eventually donated their brains upon @entity204 . Histological samples were taken from numerous regions of abnormal FLAIR and AFMM. Each sample was computationally processed to determine cell density. Custom software was then used to downsample coregistered microscopic histology to the more coarse MRI resolution. A voxel-by-voxel evaluation comparing ADC and cellularity was then performed. RESULTS: An ADC threshold of 0.929   10(-3) mm(2)/s was calculated from @entity1653 -induced @entity4 and was used to define AFMM. Regions of AFMM showed significantly greater cell density in 6 of 7 high-grade @entity11 cases compared with regions of hyperintense FLAIR alone (P < .0001). Two @entity1 had small regions of diffusion-restricted @entity39 that had significantly lower ADC than nearby hypercellularity. CONCLUSIONS: Regions of AFMM contain hypercellularity except for regions with extremely restricted diffusion, where @entity39 is present.

title: Precise ex vivo histological validation of heightened cellularity and diffusion-restricted @entity39 in regions of dark apparent diffusion coefficient in 7 cases of high-grade XXXX .

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with @entity1118 are among the most frequent users of health care. Still, a significant percentage does not utilize health care for @entity158 . A range of factors predict @entity1118 -related health care utilization. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study aimed at identifying predictors of @entity1118 -related health care utilization and comparing predictors between @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: A postal questionnaire measuring sociodemographic variables, @entity158 characteristics, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and @entity158 -related health care utilization, was sent to a sample of 4500 individuals randomly drawn from the national population of Iceland. The relationships between sociodemographic and @entity158 -related factors and @entity158 -related health care utilization among @entity1 reporting @entity1118 (>= 3  months) were tested by using bivariate and multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS: Among @entity1 reporting @entity1118 , 53.2% had consulted a health care provider for @entity158 during the previous 6  months. Predictors for @entity1118 -related health care utilization differed between @entity1 and @entity1 . Interference with life and @entity158 pattern was the strongest predictors among @entity1 , as compared with interference with life and the physical components of HRQoL for @entity1 . @entity158 -related health care utilization was not linked to sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 -related variables are better predictors of @entity1118 -related health care utilization than sociodemographic factors. Even though gender does not predict @entity1118 -related health care utilization, there are gender differences in the relationships between @entity158 -related variables and health care utilization. @entity1 tend to postpone health care consultations for @entity1118 longer than @entity1 .

title: Predictors for XXXX -related health care utilization: a cross-sectional nationwide study in Iceland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spinal instrumentation plays a key role in the treatment of @entity1344 in @entity1 with @entity3 . Poor bone quality, radiation, and diffuse @entity5 involvement present significant challenges to spinal stabilization with instrumentation and occasionally result in post instrumentation compression @entity174 . Vertebral cement augmentation has been effective in the treatment of @entity158 . Our objective was to describe cement augmentation options in the treatment of @entity3814 associated with spinal instrumentation in @entity1 with @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 who underwent percutaneous vertebral cement augmentation in the treatment of instrumentation-associated @entity3814 between 2005 and 2011 were included in the analysis. Only @entity174 that occurred within the construct or at an adjacent level were included. The change in Visual Analog Scale and need for further surgery were analyzed. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 met the inclusion criteria, with 8 @entity5 located in the thoracic spine and 3 @entity5 in the lumbar spine. The median time between instrumented surgery and vertebral augmentation was 5 months (1-48 months) and the median follow-up after cement augmentation was 24 months (4-59 months). A total of 22 vertebrae that were either within or immediately adjacent to the surgical instrumentation underwent vertebral augmentation. All @entity1 reported a decrease in their @entity158 scores (mean decrease: 6 Visual Analog Scale points; P < .003). One @entity1 required reoperation after cement augmentation. None of the @entity1 experienced @entity532 . CONCLUSIONS: Vertebral cement augmentation represents a safe and effective treatment option in @entity1 with recurrent or progressive @entity615 and instrumentation-associated @entity3814 .

title: Cement Salvage of Instrumentation-Associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['osseous tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral cement augmentation-related complications']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['spinal instability']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful tumor-related compression fractures', 'pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Vertebral Fractures']


abstract: AIM: This was a retrospective cohort study that evaluated the differences in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) in veterans with @entity6 ( @entity6 ), prescribed exenatide twice daily (BID) versus long-acting @entity2690 analog (LAIA) two years after initiation in the United States (US) veteran population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were included if they were >=  18 years old with @entity6 , and initiated exenatide BID or LAIA at the Veterans Health Administration between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010. Multivariate models were used to evaluate the changes in HbA1c and BMI between groups, controlling for potential confounders. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds of achieving >=  0.5% @entity4051 c reduction based on baseline @entity4051 c stratifications: low,<7%; moderate, 7% to<9%; and high,>=  9%. RESULTS: A total of 446 exenatide BID and 51,531 LAIA @entity1 met inclusion/exclusion criteria. On average, exenatide BID @entity1 were significantly older (64 versus 60 years) with a higher BMI (37.8 versus 32.9 kg/m(2)). Baseline HbA1c was 8.2% and 8.8% for exenatide BID and LAIA @entity1 , respectively (P<0.001); otherwise, @entity1 were similar for all other characteristics. Exenatide BID treatment was significantly associated with a 0.32% (95%CI: 0.18-0.47%) greater reduction in HbA1c at two years compared with LAIA. Similar findings were observed for BMI reduction (0.68 kg/m(2); 95%CI: 0.42-0.95 kg/m(2)). Exenatide BID @entity1 with moderate baseline @entity4051 c had significantly higher odds of achieving >=  0.5% HbA1c reduction compared with LAIA @entity1 (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.2-2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Veterans treated with exenatide BID had significantly greater reduction in HbA1c and BMI compared with @entity1 treated with LAIA @entity1 two years after initiation.

title: Retrospective cohort study evaluating exenatide twice daily and long-acting @entity2690 analogs in a Veterans Health Administration population with type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: This was a retrospective cohort study that evaluated the differences in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) in veterans with @entity6 ( @entity6 ), prescribed exenatide twice daily (BID) versus long-acting @entity2690 analog (LAIA) two years after initiation in the United States (US) veteran population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were included if they were >=  18 years old with @entity6 , and initiated exenatide BID or LAIA at the Veterans Health Administration between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010. Multivariate models were used to evaluate the changes in HbA1c and BMI between groups, controlling for potential confounders. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds of achieving >=  0.5% @entity4051 c reduction based on baseline @entity4051 c stratifications: low,<7%; moderate, 7% to<9%; and high,>=  9%. RESULTS: A total of 446 exenatide BID and 51,531 LAIA @entity1 met inclusion/exclusion criteria. On average, exenatide BID @entity1 were significantly older (64 versus 60 years) with a higher BMI (37.8 versus 32.9 kg/m(2)). Baseline HbA1c was 8.2% and 8.8% for exenatide BID and LAIA @entity1 , respectively (P<0.001); otherwise, @entity1 were similar for all other characteristics. Exenatide BID treatment was significantly associated with a 0.32% (95%CI: 0.18-0.47%) greater reduction in HbA1c at two years compared with LAIA. Similar findings were observed for BMI reduction (0.68 kg/m(2); 95%CI: 0.42-0.95 kg/m(2)). Exenatide BID @entity1 with moderate baseline @entity4051 c had significantly higher odds of achieving >=  0.5% HbA1c reduction compared with LAIA @entity1 (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.2-2.0). CONCLUSIONS: Veterans treated with exenatide BID had significantly greater reduction in HbA1c and BMI compared with @entity1 treated with LAIA @entity1 two years after initiation.

title: Retrospective cohort study evaluating exenatide twice daily and long-acting XXXX analogs in a Veterans Health Administration population with type 2 @entity6 .

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of addiction to the Internet, computer games, @entity1741 , and video and its relationship to @entity148 and @entity308 in a sample of Iranian high school students. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study 1020 high school students (males and females) were selected randomly from different areas of Shiraz city in southern Iran. They were interviewed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , 4(th) ed (DSM-IV) criteria. RESULTS: About 50% of the students were females, 277 students (27.2%) were studying in the first year of high school, 242 (23.7%) were in the second year, and others in the third year. The prevalence of @entity148 was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The prevalence of @entity148 was lower among students of the third year (p < 0.05). The prevalence of @entity308 was significantly higher in students with lower economic status defined as family monthly income. Internet @entity734 was seen only in 5 students. The prevalence of @entity148 was significantly higher in the students who used internet for chatting, amusement, and reading news (p < 0.05). The prevalence of @entity148 was significantly higher in students who were @entity1741 or video @entity1050 dependents (p < 0.05). The students who used especial drugs or had @entity66 had higher rates of @entity308 and @entity148 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Internet addiction may cause @entity308 and @entity148 in high school students. It seems necessary to develop an Internet addiction prevention program for adolescents taking into account the psychological factors such as @entity308 and Internet use habits.

title: Prevalence of Addiction to the Internet, Computer Games, @entity1741 , and Video and Its Relationship to XXXX in a Sample of Iranian High School Students.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['especial diseases']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Anxiety and Depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of addiction to the Internet, computer games, @entity1741 , and video and its relationship to @entity148 and @entity308 in a sample of Iranian high school students. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study 1020 high school students (males and females) were selected randomly from different areas of Shiraz city in southern Iran. They were interviewed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , 4(th) ed (DSM-IV) criteria. RESULTS: About 50% of the students were females, 277 students (27.2%) were studying in the first year of high school, 242 (23.7%) were in the second year, and others in the third year. The prevalence of @entity148 was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). The prevalence of @entity148 was lower among students of the third year (p < 0.05). The prevalence of @entity308 was significantly higher in students with lower economic status defined as family monthly income. Internet @entity734 was seen only in 5 students. The prevalence of @entity148 was significantly higher in the students who used internet for chatting, amusement, and reading news (p < 0.05). The prevalence of @entity148 was significantly higher in students who were @entity1741 or video @entity1050 dependents (p < 0.05). The students who used especial drugs or had @entity66 had higher rates of @entity308 and @entity148 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Internet addiction may cause @entity308 and @entity148 in high school students. It seems necessary to develop an Internet addiction prevention program for adolescents taking into account the psychological factors such as @entity308 and Internet use habits.

title: Prevalence of Addiction to the Internet, Computer Games, XXXX , and Video and Its Relationship to @entity308 in a Sample of Iranian High School Students.

answer: @entity1741 :: (OMIM:602081,Disease) :: ['DVD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity1 with @entity600 ( @entity3809 ) develop soft-tissue and bony @entity1184 leading to gross @entity7439 in vision, breathing, speech, and feeding. The authors describe and illustrate a surgical approach for the treatment of these @entity600 with restoration of facial symmetry and contour based on facial subunits. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective case series of @entity1 from 2004 to 2011 presenting for primary evaluation and treatment to a tertiary referral center specializing in @entity455 . The medical records and photographs of @entity1 with @entity600 and soft-tissue @entity1184 were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 160 @entity1 who presented with the diagnosis of facial @entity600 /port-wine stain, 96 (60 percent) had soft-tissue @entity1184 in one or more dermatomes resulting in @entity7439 . Only 4.4 percent of @entity1 had solely V1 involvement, 38.8 percent had V2 involvement, and 15.6 percent had V3 involvement. The technique and incisions used for each facial zone are described in detail. In all cases, incisions were placed along existing boundaries of facial subunits. Serial pulsed-dye laser treatments were also performed. CONCLUSIONS: Sixty percent of @entity1 with facial @entity600 experience soft-tissue @entity1184 with or without bony remodeling, and surgical correction is required. The authors describe a staged surgical treatment for these @entity1 based on a subunit and zonal approach to the face. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

title: Surgical treatment of head and neck XXXX by means of a staged zonal approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'capillary malformation', 'capillary malformations', 'facial capillary malformations']

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['port-wine stains']

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetry', 'facial asymmetry and functional deficits']

answer: @entity3809 :: (MESH:D019339,Disease) :: ['port-wine stains']


abstract: @entity601 ( @entity601 ) are common @entity600 , whose specific biomarkers are needed. The purpose of this pilot study is to determine whether protein profiling in NTD-mothers differ from normal controls using @entity215 . ProteinChip Biomarker System was used to evaluate 82 maternal serum samples, 78 urine samples and 76 amniotic fluid samples. The validity of classification tree was then challenged with a blind test set including another 20 NTD-mothers and 18 controls in serum samples, and another 19 NTD-mothers and 17 controls in urine samples, and another 20 NTD-mothers and 17 controls in amniotic fluid samples. Eight proteins detected in serum samples were up-regulated and four proteins were down-regulated in the NTD group. Four proteins detected in urine samples were up-regulated and one protein was down-regulated in the NTD group. Six proteins detected in amniotic fluid samples were up-regulated and one protein was down-regulated in the NTD group. The classification tree for serum samples separated @entity601 from healthy individuals, achieving a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 97% in the training set, and achieving a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 97% and a positive predictive value of 95% in the test set. The classification tree for urine samples separated @entity601 from controls, achieving a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 94% in the training set, and achieving a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 82% and a positive predictive value of 85% in the test set. The classification tree for amniotic fluid samples separated @entity601 from controls, achieving a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89% in the training set, and achieving a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 88% and a positive predictive value of 90% in the test set. These suggest that @entity215 is an additional method for @entity601 pregnancies detection.

title: XXXX proteomic profiling of serum, urine, and amniotic fluid in neural tube defects.

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['SELDI-TOF-MS']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['Neural tube defects', 'NTDs']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['SELDI-TOF-MS']


abstract: @entity4409 ( @entity4409 ), caused by @entity3177 congolense, is widespread throughout sub-Saharan Africa. There are significant concerns related to the current drugs available for the treatment of @entity4409 due to their limited effectiveness across species and their adverse effects. Moreover, drug resistant trypanosomes have recently been reported in the field. High throughput screening (HTS) of large chemical compound library collections is a promising approach for identifying novel drug candidates. While HTS for Trypanozoon trypanosomes, @entity3177 sspp. and T. evansi is well established, no assays have been developed for T. congolense. In the present study, the authors developed an @entity855 -based luciferase viability assay for T. congolense in a 96-well plate format. The calculated 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for @entity7341 and @entity12696 were 10-100 times higher in T. congolense than in @entity3177 . This result suggests that the transporters for the two tested compounds differ between T. congolense and @entity3177 . This assay could further be applied to screen novel chemical compounds for the treatment of @entity4409 caused by T. congolense.

title: Establishment of @entity855 -Based Luciferase Viability Assay in 96-Well Plate for XXXX congolense.

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['Animal African trypanosomosis', 'AAT']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma', 'T. brucei']

entities_list: @entity7341 :: ('MESH:D010419', 'Chemical') :: ['pentamidine']

entities_list: @entity12696 :: ('MESH:D004133', 'Chemical') :: ['diminazene']

answer: @entity3177 :: (5691,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma']


abstract: @entity4409 ( @entity4409 ), caused by @entity3177 congolense, is widespread throughout sub-Saharan Africa. There are significant concerns related to the current drugs available for the treatment of @entity4409 due to their limited effectiveness across species and their adverse effects. Moreover, drug resistant trypanosomes have recently been reported in the field. High throughput screening (HTS) of large chemical compound library collections is a promising approach for identifying novel drug candidates. While HTS for Trypanozoon trypanosomes, @entity3177 sspp. and T. evansi is well established, no assays have been developed for T. congolense. In the present study, the authors developed an @entity855 -based luciferase viability assay for T. congolense in a 96-well plate format. The calculated 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for @entity7341 and @entity12696 were 10-100 times higher in T. congolense than in @entity3177 . This result suggests that the transporters for the two tested compounds differ between T. congolense and @entity3177 . This assay could further be applied to screen novel chemical compounds for the treatment of @entity4409 caused by T. congolense.

title: Establishment of XXXX -Based Luciferase Viability Assay in 96-Well Plate for @entity3177 congolense.

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Social support is associated with enhanced illness management and recovery in @entity1 with @entity1032 , making it an important topic addressed through acute inpatient psychoeducational programs. In addition, trust in the therapist may mediate clinical outcomes in this @entity1 population. To date, few studies have examined the effect of music-based psychoeducational programs on these variables. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to isolate and examine the component parts of a live educational music therapy intervention, and its effect on acute @entity146 inpatients' perceived social support from significant others, family, and friends and trust in the therapist. This study also explored whether trust in therapist varied across conditions, but did not examine it as a mediator for social support. METHOD: @entity1 (N = 96) were cluster-randomized in a single-session posttest-only design to one of four conditions: live educational music therapy, recorded educational music therapy, education without music, or recreational music therapy without education. Conditions were designed to isolate the following intervention components: live vs. recorded music, educational vs. non-educational content, and music vs. nonmusic modality. Dependent measures were assessed post intervention via established self-report instruments evaluating perceived social support and trust in the therapist. RESULTS: There were no significant between-group differences for social support or trust in therapist total scores. However, subscale score analyses revealed two significant between-group differences: (a) @entity1 in the Live Educational Music Therapy condition reported significantly higher perceived therapist competence compared with the Recorded Educational Music Therapy condition; (b) @entity1 in the Live Educational Music Therapy condition reported significantly higher perceived support from friends compared with the Recreational Music Therapy condition. CONCLUSIONS: Live educational music therapy may be a way to heighten @entity146 inpatients' perceived social support concerning friends and perceptions of the therapist's competence. The current results demonstrated differences between live and recorded music therapy in @entity146 music therapy and provide empirical support for competent musicianship. Implications for clinical practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research are included.

title: Effects of a live educational music therapy intervention on acute XXXX inpatients' perceived social support and trust in the therapist: a four-group randomized effectiveness study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to investigate the prognostic role of pre-treatment of markers of the systemic inflammatory response (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and albumin) in @entity1 with @entity189 treated with chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: A total of 251 @entity1 with @entity1544 treated with chemoradiotherapy between 2004 and 2010 were retrospectively identified. NLR, PLR, and albumin were recorded from baseline blood parameters. NLR threshold of >5 and PLR thresholds of  <=150, >150 and  <=300, and >300 were used for analysis. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 46 months (range 9-98). The 3 year overall survival, local control, regional control, and distant control were 70%, 85%, 87%, and 87%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, locoregional control was associated with T stage (HR 3.3 (95% CI 1.5-6.9), P = 0.002) and NLR ( @entity18258 (95% CI 1.1-3.9), P = 0.023). Overall survival was associated with T stage (HR 2.47 (95% CI 1.45-4.2), P = 0.001) and grade (HR 0.61 (95% CI 0.38-0.99), P = 0.048). PLR and albumin were not significantly associated with disease outcomes or survival. CONCLUSIONS: The NLR is an independent prognostic factor for locoregional control in @entity5 treated with chemoradiotherapy.

title: The Prognostic Role of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in XXXX Treated with Chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Oropharyngeal Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess long-term safety and developmental data on @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) @entity1 treated in routine clinical practice with @entity12698 or nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs). METHODS: @entity1 aged >= 2 to <18  years with @entity6470 , persistent or extended @entity4932 , or systemic @entity625 were enrolled into this prospective, observational, multicenter standard-of-care registry. Eligible @entity1 were newly or recently prescribed ( <=6  months) an nsNSAID or @entity12698 . Enrolled @entity1 were followed to the end of the study, whether they remained on the original NSAID, switched, or discontinued therapy altogether. All adverse events (AEs) regardless of severity were captured in the database. RESULTS: A total of 274 @entity1 (nsNSAID, n   =   219; @entity12698 , n   =   55) were observed for 410 @entity1 -years of observation. @entity1623 , @entity9213 , and @entity2852 were the most frequently used nsNSAIDs. At baseline, the @entity12698 group was older, had a numerically longer median time since diagnosis, and a numerically higher proportion of @entity1 with a history of gastrointestinal-related NSAID intolerance. AEs reported were those frequently observed with NSAID treatment and were similar across groups (nsNSAIDs: 52.0%; @entity12698 : 52.9%). Twelve unique @entity1 experienced a total of 18 serious AEs; the most frequent were @entity281 , and none was attributed to NSAID use. CONCLUSIONS: The safety profile of @entity12698 and nsNSAIDs appears similar overall. The results from this registry, ongoing pharmacovigilance, and the phase 3 trial that led to the approval of @entity12698 for @entity1 with @entity4932 provide evidence that the benefit-risk for @entity12698 treatment in @entity4932 remains positive. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00688545.

title: Safety of XXXX and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in @entity4932 : results of the phase 4 registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity2852 :: ('MESH:C035605', 'Chemical') :: ['nabumetone']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['oligoarthritis', 'JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['Naproxen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity6470 :: ('MESH:C538347', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid-factor-positive or -negative polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess long-term safety and developmental data on @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) @entity1 treated in routine clinical practice with @entity12698 or nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs). METHODS: @entity1 aged >= 2 to <18  years with @entity6470 , persistent or extended @entity4932 , or systemic @entity625 were enrolled into this prospective, observational, multicenter standard-of-care registry. Eligible @entity1 were newly or recently prescribed ( <=6  months) an nsNSAID or @entity12698 . Enrolled @entity1 were followed to the end of the study, whether they remained on the original NSAID, switched, or discontinued therapy altogether. All adverse events (AEs) regardless of severity were captured in the database. RESULTS: A total of 274 @entity1 (nsNSAID, n   =   219; @entity12698 , n   =   55) were observed for 410 @entity1 -years of observation. @entity1623 , @entity9213 , and @entity2852 were the most frequently used nsNSAIDs. At baseline, the @entity12698 group was older, had a numerically longer median time since diagnosis, and a numerically higher proportion of @entity1 with a history of gastrointestinal-related NSAID intolerance. AEs reported were those frequently observed with NSAID treatment and were similar across groups (nsNSAIDs: 52.0%; @entity12698 : 52.9%). Twelve unique @entity1 experienced a total of 18 serious AEs; the most frequent were @entity281 , and none was attributed to NSAID use. CONCLUSIONS: The safety profile of @entity12698 and nsNSAIDs appears similar overall. The results from this registry, ongoing pharmacovigilance, and the phase 3 trial that led to the approval of @entity12698 for @entity1 with @entity4932 provide evidence that the benefit-risk for @entity12698 treatment in @entity4932 remains positive. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00688545.

title: Safety of @entity12698 and nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in XXXX : results of the phase 4 registry.

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: Electrical properties of cells determine most of the cellular functions, particularly ones which occur in the cell's membrane. Manipulation of these electrical properties may provide a powerful electrotherapy option for the treatment of @entity5 as cancerous cells have been shown to be more electronegative than normal proliferating cells. Previously, we used an electrical impedance sensing system (EIS) to explore the responses of cancerous SKOV3 cells and normal HUVEC cells to low intensity (<2 V/cm) AC electric fields, determining that the optimal frequency for SKOV3 proliferation arrest was 200 kHz, without harming the non-cancerous HUVECs. In this study, to determine if these effects are cell type dependant, @entity1 @entity0 cells (MCF7) were subjected to a range of frequencies (50 kHz-2 MHz) similar to the previously tested SKOV3. For the MCF7, an optimal frequency of 100 kHz was determined using the EIS, indicating a higher sensitivity towards the applied field. Further experiments specifically targeting the two types of @entity5 cells using @entity1722 antibody functionalized gold nanoparticles ( @entity1722 -AuNPs) were performed to determine if enhanced electric field strength can be induced via the application of nanoparticles, consequently leading to the killing of the cancerous cells without affecting non cancerous HUVECs and MCF10a providing a platform for the development of a non-invasive @entity5 treatment without any harmful side effects. The EIS was used to monitor the real-time consequences on cellular viability and a noticeable decrease in the growth profile of the MCF7 was observed with the application of the @entity1722 -AuNPs and the electric fields indicating specific inhibitory effects on dividing cells in culture. To further understand the effects of the externally applied field to the cells, an @entity4404 /EthD-III assay was performed to determine the cell death mechanism indicating apoptosis. The zeta potential of the SKOV3 and the MCF7 before and after incorporation of the @entity1722 -AuNPs was also obtained indicating a decrease in zeta potential with the incorporation of the nanoparticles. The outcome of this research will improve our fundamental understanding of the behavior of @entity5 cells and define optimal parameters of electrotherapy for clinical and drug delivery applications.

title: Immuno nanoparticles integrated electrical control of targeted XXXX cell development using whole cell bioelectronic device.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Abstract: Background: @entity1143 with persistent air leak is a common problem causing significant morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and increased health care costs. When conventional therapy fails, an alternative to prolonged chest tube drainage or surgery is needed. New bronchoscopic techniques have been developed to close the air leak by reducing the flow of air through the leak. The objective of this study was to analyze our experience with bronchoscopic application of a synthetic hydrogel for the treatment of such fistulas. Methods:We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity1143 with persistent air leaks, treated with synthetic hydrogel application via flexible bronchoscopy. @entity1 characteristics, underlying disease and outcome of endoscopic treatment were analyzed. Results:Between January 2009 and December 2013, 22 @entity1 (14 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ; mean age    SD, 62    10 years) were treated with one to three applications of a synthetic hydrogel per @entity1 . The primary etiology of persistent air leak was @entity39 pneumonia (n=8), post thoracic surgery (n=6), @entity2415 (n=5), @entity16058 (n=2) and @entity370 (n=1). Nineteen @entity1 (86%) had a complete resolution of the air leak leading to successful removal of chest tube 4.3    0.9 days post last bronchoscopic application. The procedure was very well tolerated, with two @entity1 coughing up the hydrogel and one having @entity519 requiring bronchoscopic suctioning. Conclusion:Bronchoscopic administration of a synthetic hydrogel is an effective, nonsurgical, minimally invasive intervention for @entity1 with persistent pulmonary air leaks secondary to @entity1143 . Background: @entity1143 with persistent air leak is a common problem causing significant morbidity, prolonged hospital stay and increased health care costs. When conventional therapy fails, an alternative to prolonged chest tube drainage or surgery is needed. New bronchoscopic techniques have been developed to close the air leak by reducing the flow of air through the leak. The objective of this study was to analyze our experience with bronchoscopic application of a synthetic hydrogel for the treatment of such fistulas. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity1143 with persistent air leaks, treated with synthetic hydrogel application via flexible bronchoscopy. @entity1 characteristics, underlying disease and outcome of endoscopic treatment were analyzed. Results: Between January 2009 and December 2013, 22 @entity1 (14 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ; mean age    SD, 62    10 years) were treated with one to three applications of a synthetic hydrogel per @entity1 . The primary etiology of persistent air leak was @entity39 pneumonia (n=8), post thoracic surgery (n=6), @entity2415 (n=5), @entity16058 (n=2) and @entity370 (n=1). Nineteen @entity1 (86%) had a complete resolution of the air leak leading to successful removal of chest tube 4.3    0.9 days post last bronchoscopic application. The procedure was very well tolerated, with two @entity1 coughing up the hydrogel and one having @entity519 requiring bronchoscopic suctioning. Conclusion: Bronchoscopic administration of a synthetic hydrogel is an effective, nonsurgical, minimally invasive intervention for @entity1 with persistent pulmonary air leaks secondary to @entity1143 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with endobronchial application of synthetic hydrogel (CoSeal).

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar-pleural fistula', 'Alveolar-pleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['bullous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['Alveolar-Pleural fistula']


abstract: @entity1 with a diverse spectrum of rare @entity74 can present with @entity29 ( @entity8787 ). @entity1 with these disorders often develop symptoms during infancy or early childhood, along with endoscopic or histological features of @entity30 , @entity31 , or @entity8787 unclassified. Defects in @entity688 signaling have a Mendelian inheritance pattern with complete penetrance of intestinal @entity32 . Several @entity74 that disturb intestinal epithelial barrier function or affect innate and adaptive immune function have incomplete penetrance of the @entity8787 -like phenotype. Several of these monogenic conditions do not respond to conventional therapy and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Due to the broad spectrum of these extremely rare diseases, a correct diagnosis is frequently a challenge and often delayed. In many cases, these diseases cannot be categorized based on standard histological and immunologic features of @entity8787 . Genetic analysis is required to identify the cause of the disorder and offer the @entity1 appropriate treatment options, which include medical therapy, surgery, or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition, diagnosis based on genetic analysis can lead to genetic counseling for family members of @entity1 . We describe key intestinal, extraintestinal, and laboratory features of 50 genetic variants associated with @entity8787 -like intestinal @entity32 . In addition, we provide approaches for identifying @entity1 likely to have these disorders. We also discuss classic approaches to identify these variants in @entity1 , starting with phenotypic and functional assessments that lead to analysis of candidate genes. As a complementary approach, we discuss parallel genetic screening using next-generation sequencing followed by functional confirmation of @entity74 .

title: The Diagnostic Approach to Monogenic Very Early Onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity8787 :: ('MESH:C535541', 'Disease') :: ['IBD', 'monogenic IBD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is still significant disagreement among surgeons about the best method for arterial cannulation to institute cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in @entity1 with @entity697 @entity1580 (STAADs). This study aimed to provide support for central aortic cannulation as a viable and preferable option, as it reduces time to institute CPB, operative times, and decreases the complexity of the procedure. METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of 34 @entity1 who underwent STAAD repairs consecutively between October 2006 and January 2014. The sample was analyzed for method of cannulation, CPB time, cross-clamp time, circulatory arrest time, mortality, and complication rate. Statistical analysis was performed to compare a control group of @entity1 who underwent nonaortic cannulation. RESULTS: The most common method of cannulation was the distal aortic arch, which also produced the lowest relative mortality. The 30-day mortality was found to be 17.6%. @entity943 , @entity810 , and failure to extubate within 48    hours were the most frequent complications, and @entity64 occurred in three @entity1 (8.8%). Statistically significant differences in bypass and @entity1167 times favored aortic cannulation. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the notion that central aortic cannulation is a viable option for CPB in STAAD repair, but further prospective, randomized trials are necessary for the procedure to replace peripheral cannulation techniques.

title: Central aortic cannulation for Stanford type a XXXX with the use of three-dimensional and two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute type A']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal injury']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6513 and @entity24505 are two of the most commonly used medications for providing topical anesthesia in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). These agents have not been previously compared in a prospective manner to determine their efficacy in these settings. METHODS: This prospective, single-masked, randomized study comprised 256 eyes from 128 consecutive @entity1 being treated with LASIK or PRK who were randomized to receive @entity6513 in one eye and @entity24505 in the other. The @entity1 were blinded as to which anesthetic agent was used in each eye. Pain levels were graded on a 0-10 scale, and were assessed upon instillation, during surgery, immediately postoperatively, 30 minutes postoperatively, overnight, and on postoperative day 1. @entity1 were asked 30 minutes after surgery which anesthetic agent they would choose. RESULTS: Both anesthetic agents resulted in diminished amounts of subjective @entity158 in @entity1 undergoing LASIK and PRK. @entity6513 caused significantly more @entity158 upon instillation than @entity24505 for both LASIK and PRK @entity1 . LASIK @entity1 noted significantly less @entity158 30 minutes after surgery when treated with @entity6513 . Significantly more LASIK @entity1 preferred the eye treated with @entity6513 . These differences were not present in the PRK group. CONCLUSION: Both @entity6513 and @entity24505 are effective methods of topical anesthesia in LASIK and PRK. @entity6513 caused significantly more @entity158 upon instillation in all @entity1 , but resulted in greater analgesia 30 minutes after surgery in the LASIK group. @entity1 in the LASIK group expressed a preference for @entity6513 over @entity24505 . There was no significant drop preference among PRK @entity1 .

title: Prospective, randomized, contralateral eye comparison of XXXX and @entity24505 for @entity158 control in laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity24505 :: ('MESH:C005717', 'Chemical') :: ['proparacaine']

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetracaine', 'tetracaine']

answer: @entity6513 :: (MESH:D013748,Chemical) :: ['tetracaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6513 and @entity24505 are two of the most commonly used medications for providing topical anesthesia in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). These agents have not been previously compared in a prospective manner to determine their efficacy in these settings. METHODS: This prospective, single-masked, randomized study comprised 256 eyes from 128 consecutive @entity1 being treated with LASIK or PRK who were randomized to receive @entity6513 in one eye and @entity24505 in the other. The @entity1 were blinded as to which anesthetic agent was used in each eye. Pain levels were graded on a 0-10 scale, and were assessed upon instillation, during surgery, immediately postoperatively, 30 minutes postoperatively, overnight, and on postoperative day 1. @entity1 were asked 30 minutes after surgery which anesthetic agent they would choose. RESULTS: Both anesthetic agents resulted in diminished amounts of subjective @entity158 in @entity1 undergoing LASIK and PRK. @entity6513 caused significantly more @entity158 upon instillation than @entity24505 for both LASIK and PRK @entity1 . LASIK @entity1 noted significantly less @entity158 30 minutes after surgery when treated with @entity6513 . Significantly more LASIK @entity1 preferred the eye treated with @entity6513 . These differences were not present in the PRK group. CONCLUSION: Both @entity6513 and @entity24505 are effective methods of topical anesthesia in LASIK and PRK. @entity6513 caused significantly more @entity158 upon instillation in all @entity1 , but resulted in greater analgesia 30 minutes after surgery in the LASIK group. @entity1 in the LASIK group expressed a preference for @entity6513 over @entity24505 . There was no significant drop preference among PRK @entity1 .

title: Prospective, randomized, contralateral eye comparison of @entity6513 and XXXX for @entity158 control in laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy.

answer: @entity24505 :: (MESH:C005717,Chemical) :: ['proparacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6513 and @entity24505 are two of the most commonly used medications for providing topical anesthesia in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). These agents have not been previously compared in a prospective manner to determine their efficacy in these settings. METHODS: This prospective, single-masked, randomized study comprised 256 eyes from 128 consecutive @entity1 being treated with LASIK or PRK who were randomized to receive @entity6513 in one eye and @entity24505 in the other. The @entity1 were blinded as to which anesthetic agent was used in each eye. Pain levels were graded on a 0-10 scale, and were assessed upon instillation, during surgery, immediately postoperatively, 30 minutes postoperatively, overnight, and on postoperative day 1. @entity1 were asked 30 minutes after surgery which anesthetic agent they would choose. RESULTS: Both anesthetic agents resulted in diminished amounts of subjective @entity158 in @entity1 undergoing LASIK and PRK. @entity6513 caused significantly more @entity158 upon instillation than @entity24505 for both LASIK and PRK @entity1 . LASIK @entity1 noted significantly less @entity158 30 minutes after surgery when treated with @entity6513 . Significantly more LASIK @entity1 preferred the eye treated with @entity6513 . These differences were not present in the PRK group. CONCLUSION: Both @entity6513 and @entity24505 are effective methods of topical anesthesia in LASIK and PRK. @entity6513 caused significantly more @entity158 upon instillation in all @entity1 , but resulted in greater analgesia 30 minutes after surgery in the LASIK group. @entity1 in the LASIK group expressed a preference for @entity6513 over @entity24505 . There was no significant drop preference among PRK @entity1 .

title: Prospective, randomized, contralateral eye comparison of @entity6513 and @entity24505 for XXXX control in laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Nonadherence with medication occurs in all chronic medical disorders. It is a particular challenge in @entity161 due to the illness's association with social isolation, stigma, and comorbid substance misuse, plus the effect of symptom domains on adherence, including positive and negative symptoms, lack of insight, @entity308 , and @entity73 . Nonadherence lies on a spectrum, is often covert, and is underestimated by clinicians, but affects more than one third of @entity1 with @entity161 per annum. It increases the risk of relapse, rehospitalization, and self-harm, increases inpatient costs, and lowers quality of life. It results from multiple @entity1 , clinician, illness, medication, and service factors, but a useful distinction is between intentional and unintentional nonadherence. There is no gold standard approach to the measurement of adherence as all methods have pros and cons. Interventions to improve adherence include psychoeducation and other psychosocial interventions, antipsychotic long-acting injections, electronic reminders, service-based interventions, and financial incentives. These overlap, all have some evidence of effectiveness, and the intervention adopted should be tailored to the individual. Psychosocial interventions that utilize combined approaches seem more effective than unidimensional approaches. There is increasing interest in electronic reminders and monitoring systems to enhance adherence, eg, Short Message Service text messaging and real-time medication monitoring linked to smart pill containers or an electronic ingestible event marker. Financial incentives to enhance antipsychotic adherence raise ethical issues, and their place in practice remains unclear. Simple pragmatic strategies to improve medication adherence include shared decision-making, regular assessment of adherence, simplification of the medication regimen, ensuring that treatment is effective and that side effects are managed, and promoting a positive therapeutic alliance and good communication between the clinician and @entity1 . These elements remain essential for all @entity1 , not least for the small minority where vulnerability and risk issue dictate that compulsory treatment is necessary to ensure adherence.

title: Nonadherence with antipsychotic medication in XXXX : challenges and management strategies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative sore throat and @entity7374 are common minor complications following airway manipulation. This study was primarily done to determine gender differences in the incidence of these symptoms and the location of POST after laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and endotracheal tube (ETT). METHODS: A total of 112 @entity1 and 185 @entity1 were included during a four month period. All @entity1 were evaluated postoperatively and after 24  hours about the occurrence of sore throat, its location and @entity7374 . If the @entity1 had any symptom, they were followed-up at 48, 72 and 96  hours until the symptoms resolved. RESULTS: There was no significant gender difference in postoperative sore throat (POST) and postoperative @entity7374 (PH) when analyzing both airway devices together. The incidence of sore throat and @entity7374 were higher postoperatively after an ETT than an LMA (32% vs. 19%, p =   0.012) and 57% vs. 33% (p <   0.001) respectively. Significantly more @entity1 than @entity1 had POST after an LMA (26% vs. 6%, p =   0.004). No significant gender difference was found in either POST or PH after an ETT or in the incidence of PH after an LMA. More @entity1 located their @entity158 below the larynx after an ETT vs. an LMA (24% vs. 4%). @entity158 above the larynx was more common after an LMA than an ETT (52% vs. 37%). CONCLUSIONS: In a clinical setting where @entity1 are intubated with a smaller size ETT than @entity1 , there were no significant differences in POST or PH between genders. Additionally, more @entity1 than @entity1 have POST when an LMA is used. Awareness of POST and PH may help streamline @entity1 in whom the best airway device could be used during anesthesia and surgery.

title: Gender differences in sore throat and XXXX following endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7374 :: ('MESH:D006685', 'Disease') :: ['hoarseness']

answer: @entity7374 :: (MESH:D006685,Disease) :: ['hoarseness']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have reported a relationship between serum @entity648 levels and @entity453 ( @entity453 ). However, data are rare up to now regarding the relation of @entity648 levels with @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) patency in the setting of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Moreover, previous studies reported that increased @entity648 was related to impaired post-intervention coronary flow. To our knowledge, the association between serum total @entity648 (TB) levels and pre-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with patency of @entity1188 flow in @entity583 @entity1 has not been investigated. AIM: To evaluate the association of TB with pre-primary PCI, coronary flow and in-hospital major adverse @entity299 (MACE) in @entity1 with @entity583 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 360 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 (mean age = 61.4   13.7 years) admitted within 12 h from the time of symptom onset were enrolled. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups based on the serum TB levels. We defined normal flow as pre-PCI TIMI 3 flow, while impaired flow was defined as pre-PCI TIMI  <= 2 flow. RESULTS: Pre-PCI impaired flow was higher in the TB group than pre-PCI normal flow (p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality and MACE were significantly higher in the high TB group (p = 0.002, p < 0.001 respectively). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, TB > 0.825 mg/dl predicted impaired @entity1188 flow before p-PCI with a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 71%. CONCLUSIONS: The TB is an inexpensive and readily available marker for @entity583 @entity1 undergoing PCI. It can be used for risk stratification in this @entity1 population.

title: A novel predictor of @entity1188 patency before percutaneous intervention and in-hospital outcomes for @entity583 patients: serum XXXX level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'IRA']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity648 :: (MESH:D001663,Chemical) :: ['bilirubin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have reported a relationship between serum @entity648 levels and @entity453 ( @entity453 ). However, data are rare up to now regarding the relation of @entity648 levels with @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) patency in the setting of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Moreover, previous studies reported that increased @entity648 was related to impaired post-intervention coronary flow. To our knowledge, the association between serum total @entity648 (TB) levels and pre-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with patency of @entity1188 flow in @entity583 @entity1 has not been investigated. AIM: To evaluate the association of TB with pre-primary PCI, coronary flow and in-hospital major adverse @entity299 (MACE) in @entity1 with @entity583 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 360 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 (mean age = 61.4   13.7 years) admitted within 12 h from the time of symptom onset were enrolled. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups based on the serum TB levels. We defined normal flow as pre-PCI TIMI 3 flow, while impaired flow was defined as pre-PCI TIMI  <= 2 flow. RESULTS: Pre-PCI impaired flow was higher in the TB group than pre-PCI normal flow (p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality and MACE were significantly higher in the high TB group (p = 0.002, p < 0.001 respectively). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, TB > 0.825 mg/dl predicted impaired @entity1188 flow before p-PCI with a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 71%. CONCLUSIONS: The TB is an inexpensive and readily available marker for @entity583 @entity1 undergoing PCI. It can be used for risk stratification in this @entity1 population.

title: A novel predictor of @entity1188 patency before percutaneous intervention and in-hospital outcomes for XXXX patients: serum @entity648 level.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have reported a relationship between serum @entity648 levels and @entity453 ( @entity453 ). However, data are rare up to now regarding the relation of @entity648 levels with @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) patency in the setting of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Moreover, previous studies reported that increased @entity648 was related to impaired post-intervention coronary flow. To our knowledge, the association between serum total @entity648 (TB) levels and pre-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with patency of @entity1188 flow in @entity583 @entity1 has not been investigated. AIM: To evaluate the association of TB with pre-primary PCI, coronary flow and in-hospital major adverse @entity299 (MACE) in @entity1 with @entity583 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 360 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 (mean age = 61.4   13.7 years) admitted within 12 h from the time of symptom onset were enrolled. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups based on the serum TB levels. We defined normal flow as pre-PCI TIMI 3 flow, while impaired flow was defined as pre-PCI TIMI  <= 2 flow. RESULTS: Pre-PCI impaired flow was higher in the TB group than pre-PCI normal flow (p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality and MACE were significantly higher in the high TB group (p = 0.002, p < 0.001 respectively). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, TB > 0.825 mg/dl predicted impaired @entity1188 flow before p-PCI with a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 71%. CONCLUSIONS: The TB is an inexpensive and readily available marker for @entity583 @entity1 undergoing PCI. It can be used for risk stratification in this @entity1 population.

title: A novel predictor of XXXX patency before percutaneous intervention and in-hospital outcomes for @entity583 patients: serum @entity648 level.

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct-related artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: American adults consume 11.3% of total daily calories from foods and beverages from fast food restaurants. The contribution of different types of fast food restaurants to the diets of US @entity1 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the consumption of energy, @entity1372 , added @entity3363 , and solid fats among US @entity1 ages 4-19 y by fast food restaurant type. METHODS: Analyses used the first 24-h recall for 12,378 @entity1 in the 2003-2010 cycles of the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003-2010). NHANES data identify foods by location of origin, including stores and fast food restaurants (FFR). A novel custom algorithm divided FFRs into 8 segments and assigned meals and snacks to each. These included burger, pizza, sandwich, Mexican, Asian, fish, and coffee/snack restaurants. The contribution of each restaurant type to intakes of energy and other dietary constituents was then assessed by age group (4-11 y and 12-19 y) and by race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Store-bought foods and beverages provided 64.8% of energy, 61.9% of @entity1372 , 68.9% of added @entity3363 , and 60.1% of solid fats. FFRs provided 14.1% of energy, 15.9% of @entity1372 , 10.4% of added @entity3363 and 17.9% of solid fats. Among FFR segments, burger restaurants provided 6.2% of total energy, 5.8% of @entity1372 , 6.2% of added @entity3363 , and 7.6% of solid fats. Less energy was provided by pizza (3.3%), sandwich (1.4%), Mexican (1.3%), and @entity1573 restaurants (1.2%). @entity7864 @entity1 obtained a greater proportion of their total energy (7.4%), @entity1372 (7.1%), and solid fats (9.5%) from burger restaurants as compared to non-Hispanic white @entity1 (6.0% of energy, 5.5% of @entity1372 , and 7.3% of solid fat). CONCLUSIONS: These novel analyses, based on consumption data by fast food market segment, allow public health stakeholders to better monitor the effectiveness of industry efforts to promote healthier menu options.

title: A new method to monitor the contribution of fast food restaurants to the diets of US XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['Non-Hispanic black']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Intravenous @entity4677 (LEV) has been shown to be effective and safe in treating adults with @entity159 ( @entity159 ). We sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous LEV for pediatric @entity1 with refractory @entity159 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective medical-record review of pediatric @entity1 who were treated with intravenous LEV for refractory @entity159 . Clinical information regarding age, sex, @entity410 type, and underlying neurological status was collected. We evaluated other anticonvulsants that were used prior to administration of intravenous LEV and assessed loading dose, response to treatment, and any adverse events from intravenous LEV administration. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) received intravenous LEV for the treatment of refractory @entity159 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 4.4    5.5 years (range, 4 days to 14.6 years). Ten of the @entity1 were neurologically healthy prior to the refractory @entity159 , and the other 4 had been previously diagnosed with @entity302 . The mean loading dose of intravenous LEV was 26    4.6 mg/kg (range, 20-30 mg/kg). @entity410 termination occurred in 6 (43%) of the 14 @entity1 . In particular, 4 (57%) of the 7 @entity1 younger than 2 years showed @entity410 termination. No immediate adverse events occurred during or after infusions. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrated that the adjunctive use of intravenous LEV was effective and well tolerated in pediatric @entity1 with refractory @entity159 , even in @entity1 younger than 2 years. Intravenous LEV should be considered as an effective and safe treatment option for refractory @entity159 in pediatric @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness of intravenous XXXX as an adjunctive treatment in pediatric @entity159 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['refractory status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity4677 :: (MESH:C026098,Chemical) :: ['levetiracetam']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Intravenous @entity4677 (LEV) has been shown to be effective and safe in treating adults with @entity159 ( @entity159 ). We sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous LEV for pediatric @entity1 with refractory @entity159 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective medical-record review of pediatric @entity1 who were treated with intravenous LEV for refractory @entity159 . Clinical information regarding age, sex, @entity410 type, and underlying neurological status was collected. We evaluated other anticonvulsants that were used prior to administration of intravenous LEV and assessed loading dose, response to treatment, and any adverse events from intravenous LEV administration. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) received intravenous LEV for the treatment of refractory @entity159 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 4.4    5.5 years (range, 4 days to 14.6 years). Ten of the @entity1 were neurologically healthy prior to the refractory @entity159 , and the other 4 had been previously diagnosed with @entity302 . The mean loading dose of intravenous LEV was 26    4.6 mg/kg (range, 20-30 mg/kg). @entity410 termination occurred in 6 (43%) of the 14 @entity1 . In particular, 4 (57%) of the 7 @entity1 younger than 2 years showed @entity410 termination. No immediate adverse events occurred during or after infusions. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrated that the adjunctive use of intravenous LEV was effective and well tolerated in pediatric @entity1 with refractory @entity159 , even in @entity1 younger than 2 years. Intravenous LEV should be considered as an effective and safe treatment option for refractory @entity159 in pediatric @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness of intravenous @entity4677 as an adjunctive treatment in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['refractory status epilepticus']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and side effects of @entity12356 1% versus @entity11074 0.1% after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). METHODS: DMEK recipients used @entity12356 1% for 1 month, and they were randomized to either @entity617 or @entity11074 for months 2 through 12. Dosing was 4 times daily in months 1 to 3, thrice daily in month 4, twice daily in month 5, and once daily in months 6 to 12. The main outcomes were immunologic rejection episodes and intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation (defined as >= 24 mm Hg or >= 10 mm Hg increase over the preoperative baseline level), assessed by the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: The study included 325 eyes (99% were white, 96% had @entity13189 , and 9% had a previous @entity726 diagnosis). No eyes (0%) assigned to @entity617 versus 2 eyes (1.4%) assigned to @entity11074 experienced a possible (n = 1) or probable (n = 1) rejection episode (P = 0.17). Both rejection episodes resolved successfully with increased topical @entity230 . In the @entity617 arm, a significantly higher proportion exceeded the defined IOP elevation threshold (22% vs. 6%, P = 0.0005), and @entity726 medications were initiated or increased more often (17% vs. 5%, P = 0.0003). The most frequent reasons for discontinuing the assigned intervention were IOP management (n = 13 eyes assigned to @entity617 ) or @entity32 management (n = 3 eyes assigned to @entity11074 ). One-year endothelial cell loss was comparable in both arms (30% vs. 31%, P = 0.50). CONCLUSIONS: DMEK has a remarkably low rejection episode rate (<1% through 1 year), as confirmed in this prospective randomized study. This provides a unique opportunity to reduce postoperative topical corticosteroid strength and thereby reduce the risk of @entity134 -associated complications.

title: Randomized comparison of topical @entity12356 1% versus XXXX 0.1% in the first year after descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity11074 :: ('MESH:D005469', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorometholone']

entities_list: @entity12356 :: ('MESH:C009935', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ['Fuchs dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity11074 :: (MESH:D005469,Chemical) :: ['fluorometholone']