abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the applicability of marital resource (marriage has substantial benefits for well-being over not being married) or marital crisis (marital dissolution leads to poorer well-being) models to the @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) population by studying the effects of sex, marital status, and marital transitions on well-being. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study from the @entity1566 Model Systems National Database. SETTING: Community. @entity1 : @entity1 (n=4864) and @entity1 (n=1277) who sustained traumatic @entity1566 and completed a minimum of 1 follow-up interview beginning at 1 year through 15 years postinjury. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and self-perceived health status by using linear mixed models for longitudinal data. RESULTS: In general, well-being improved over time since injury. Hypothesis testing supported the marital crisis model, as marital loss through being or becoming separated or divorced and being or becoming widowed, had the most consistent and negative impact across well-being outcomes, whereas being or becoming married had an advantage for only lower @entity308 symptoms over time. However, marital dissolution or loss did not have a uniformly adverse impact on well-being outcomes, and this effect often was moderated by sex, such that widows had @entity308 and poorer self-perceived health than widowers, but separated or divorced @entity1 had higher life satisfaction and self-perceived health than @entity1 . Irrespective of sex, being separated or divorced versus being single was associated with @entity308 over time. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the marital crisis model and that @entity1 and @entity1 can experience marital dissolution differently. All marital loss does not result in compromised well-being and all marriage does not enhance well-being, highlighting complex dynamics worthy of further investigation in this population.

title: Marital status, marital transitions, well-being, and XXXX : an examination of the effects of sex and time.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['higher depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess whether gastrointestinal administration of iodinated contrast media results in peripheral @entity1503 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 110 @entity1 in a retrospective review. @entity3989 and @entity4946 for abdominal CT were administered to 98 of these @entity1 ; 22 of the 98 had also been given the same contrast medium administered by enema. The remaining 12 @entity1 were given diatrizoate @entity1372 for gastrointestinal fluoroscopy. A control group of 65 @entity1 underwent single-contrast barium upper gastrointestinal or enema examinations. WBC and eosinophil counts were determined approximately 24 hr before the examination and every 24 hr thereafter, through the ninth day. RESULTS: @entity1712 was detected in 17 (15.5%) of 110 @entity1 after gastrointestinal administration of iodinated contrast media. The prevalence of @entity1712 after administration of iodinated contrast media was statistically significantly different compared with that in the control group, in which none of the 65 @entity1 had @entity1712 (p < 0.001). @entity1712 was detected 48 hr after application of iodinated contrast agents and lasted through the sixth day, with a peak on the fifth day. The prevalence of @entity1712 was independent of route of application, dose, or type of iodinated contrast medium. @entity1712 in all cases was clinically asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: @entity1712 that is caused by gastrointestinal administration of iodinated contrast media is a transient, clinically silent phenomenon. It may lead to unnecessary workup for known conditions associated with @entity1712 .

title: Peripheral XXXX associated with gastrointestinal administration of iodinated contrast media.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'Eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity4946 :: ('MESH:D003973', 'Chemical') :: ['diatrizoate sodium']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity3989 :: ('MESH:D003974', 'Chemical') :: ['Diatrizoate meglumine']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood eosinophilia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Imaging-guided core needle biopsy is a well-established technique for the diagnosis of @entity2721 and @entity5 -like lesions in specialized orthopedic oncology centers. OBJECTIVE: To present our results of computed tomography-guided core needle biopsy with assessment of the accuracy of the technique. METHODS: Between July 1998 and October 2000, 215 CT-guided core needle biopsies were performed and histologically examined in the Unit of Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology, @entity9604 Aviv Sourasky Medical Center. There were 80 soft tissue and 135 @entity75 . All biopsies were performed by the same radiologist and the histologic examination by the same pathologist. To assess the accuracy of the procedure, we compared the diagnosis at biopsy with the diagnosis after definitive surgery (when available). RESULTS: Bone core needle biopsy (n = 135) showed malignancy in 89 cases (primary or recurrent @entity79 , @entity706 , @entity1582 , @entity189 or @entity320 ). There were 29 benign lesions. In 17 cases the result was inconclusive and an open incisional biopsy was performed. Of the 80 soft tissue biopsies, 35 were malignant (25 soft tissue @entity242 , 6 @entity706 , 4 metastatic @entity189 ); 40 were benign ( @entity5323 , @entity3292 , @entity765 , @entity808 , @entity1410 and others), and 5 were inconclusive and followed by an open incisional biopsy. The core needle biopsy histologic diagnosis was compared with that of the definitive surgery and the diagnostic accuracy was 90%. Only three samples initially diagnosed as benign turned out to be malignant. No significant complications occurred during the procedures. CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided CNB of @entity85 is a safe and effective procedure that assures sufficient and proper material for histologic examination. The accuracy of this method in our center was 90%. @entity5 sampling is extremely important, especially in soft tissue @entity242 , and cores should be taken in different directions, including areas of @entity39 . The processing is quick, especially for bone CNB, and diagnosis can be achieved within 24 hours. The material undergoes excellent fixation and the immunostains are reliable.

title: Computed tomography-guided core needle biopsy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bony lesions']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5323 :: ('MESH:D009221', 'Disease') :: ['myositis ossificans']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bone and soft tissue tumors']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal lesions']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity2721 :: (MESH:D018213,Disease) :: ['bone and soft tissue tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown the hippocampus and basal ganglia to be highly sensitive to @entity63 . The authors' aim was to evaluate the long-term effects of perinatal @entity1763 (PA) on the hippocampus and caudate nucleus in a group of @entity1 born at term and who met the criteria for @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ). Additionally, the authors looked for damage in other brain regions using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS: The sample consisted of 13 @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ) with a mean age at study of 16.23 years (+/- 2.89) with antecedents of perinatal @entity1763 , diagnosed as moderate @entity2806 . A group of 13 healthy adolescents matched for age, sex, educational level, and social background were recruited as a comparison group. MR scans were acquired on a 1.5T Signa (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI) to evaluate hippocampal and caudate volumes and to perform VBM analysis. Finally, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test was administered to evaluate verbal long-term memory. RESULTS: @entity2806 @entity1 were found to have bilateral hippocampal @entity194 (P = .015) and gray matter damage in @entity1315 . The caudate nucleus showed no atrophic changes in PA @entity1 , and VBM analysis did not reveal other consistent @entity75 . Verbal long-term memory was slightly worse in @entity2806 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that PA produces hippocampal and other nonspecific long-term damage, which cannot be compensated for by plasticity mechanisms. However, this damage does not preclude normal development and scholarship.

title: Residual hippocampal XXXX in asphyxiated term neonates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic insult']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal and frontal lobes']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: By implantation of BSp73 @entity843 cells in a subcutaneous site and subsequent subcutaneous passage of either the local @entity5 node or metastatic lung tissue, variants were obtained which differed with respect to morphology and to metastatic capacity. The highly metastasizing variant ASML showed spherical morphology in culture, while the nonmetastatic variant @entity5427 showed adhesion and spreading. Upon cloning it was observed that colonies with fully expressed morphotypes were readily obtained from solid tissue of both variants. Parental @entity843 as well as the @entity5 line derived from the primary solid @entity5 gave rise to stable expression of either morphotype only after prolonged culturing. Mixing of established clones did not result in an interclonal adaptation of growth rates in vivo. Further characterization of variants @entity5427 and ASML revealed marked differences in the outer cell surface. Adhesion of @entity5427 cells onto plastic was found to be mediated by fibronectin, laminin and 4 out of 5 collagen types. ASML cells showed adhesion only with collagen type III at higher concentrations. Cytogenetic analysis revealed that the adaptation of BSp73 cells to ascitic growth ultimately led to an increase in chromosome numbers, and this was conserved in ASML cells (modal number 63, range 49-74). @entity5427 cells on the other hand showed a modal number of 47 (range 45-49). The chromosome count distribution was rather narrow in @entity843 cells in vivo, but it was very broad in clones derived thereof, indicating that diversity was obtained in culture rather than in vivo. The data are compatible with the assumption that the nonmetastatic variant was not preexisting in BSp73 @entity843 but represents a stable phenotype which infrequently arises in a particular microenvironment by chromosome loss from a @entity981 parental population.

title: Clonal analysis of diversity in the BSp73 rat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Cure of muscle-invading @entity150 in 20% to 39% of @entity1 using full-dose external beam irradiation has been reported by many institutions in the last 10 years. Local failure occurs in 50% of @entity1 so treated, however, and successful selection criteria for bladder-sparing radiotherapy are necessary. Prognostic factors which have been identified to be associated with a relatively successful outcome using full-dose irradiation include (1) the clinical stages T2 and T3, (2) the absence of @entity1695 on initial intravenous pyelogram, (3) a visibly "complete" transurethral resection having been achieved, and (4) complete response of the @entity5 to radiation. In addition, @entity5 control appears to be related to total dose administered. Analysis of the results of precystectomy radiation therapy, where @entity5 histology and small @entity5 size yielded improved survival, suggests that these characteristics also may prove to be beneficial in @entity1 selected for full-dose irradiation. The four-field box technique has become accepted as the best method to treat @entity1 using beams from linear accelerators or betatrons. The bladder and pelvic lymph nodes should be treated to 50.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions, 5 days/week. A cone-down boost to the @entity5 volume only then is given for a total dose of 64.8 Gy to 68.4 Gy in 7.5 weeks. The posterior rectosigmoid should receive less than 60 Gy, and the anus and femoral head and neck should be limited to 45 to 50 Gy to avoid @entity137 . Innovative approaches to treatment of muscle-invading @entity150 now are being explored and include the use of intravesical misonidazole combined with fractionated external beam irradiation, and systemic @entity900 administration in combination with radiation. Techniques which have yielded good results in superficial @entity150 include open interstitial implantation, intraoperative single-dose electron beam irradiation, and trans-Foley radium applications. Further prospective evaluations of clinical and histologic @entity5 characteristics, treatment techniques and doses reviewed here will be necessary before definitive selection criteria for treatment with full-dose irradiation are established.

title: XXXX . The selection of @entity1 for treatment by full-dose irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor', 'papillary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder cancer']


abstract: Cure of muscle-invading @entity150 in 20% to 39% of @entity1 using full-dose external beam irradiation has been reported by many institutions in the last 10 years. Local failure occurs in 50% of @entity1 so treated, however, and successful selection criteria for bladder-sparing radiotherapy are necessary. Prognostic factors which have been identified to be associated with a relatively successful outcome using full-dose irradiation include (1) the clinical stages T2 and T3, (2) the absence of @entity1695 on initial intravenous pyelogram, (3) a visibly "complete" transurethral resection having been achieved, and (4) complete response of the @entity5 to radiation. In addition, @entity5 control appears to be related to total dose administered. Analysis of the results of precystectomy radiation therapy, where @entity5 histology and small @entity5 size yielded improved survival, suggests that these characteristics also may prove to be beneficial in @entity1 selected for full-dose irradiation. The four-field box technique has become accepted as the best method to treat @entity1 using beams from linear accelerators or betatrons. The bladder and pelvic lymph nodes should be treated to 50.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions, 5 days/week. A cone-down boost to the @entity5 volume only then is given for a total dose of 64.8 Gy to 68.4 Gy in 7.5 weeks. The posterior rectosigmoid should receive less than 60 Gy, and the anus and femoral head and neck should be limited to 45 to 50 Gy to avoid @entity137 . Innovative approaches to treatment of muscle-invading @entity150 now are being explored and include the use of intravesical misonidazole combined with fractionated external beam irradiation, and systemic @entity900 administration in combination with radiation. Techniques which have yielded good results in superficial @entity150 include open interstitial implantation, intraoperative single-dose electron beam irradiation, and trans-Foley radium applications. Further prospective evaluations of clinical and histologic @entity5 characteristics, treatment techniques and doses reviewed here will be necessary before definitive selection criteria for treatment with full-dose irradiation are established.

title: @entity150 . The selection of XXXX for treatment by full-dose irradiation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of intramuscularly administered @entity2892 / @entity9234 was studied in 70 @entity1 with mild or moderately severe @entity2348 (skin and soft tissue infections, @entity1729 , @entity293 and @entity5280 ). Doses of @entity2892 / @entity9234 ranged from 0.5 to 0.75 g twice daily. Fifty-five @entity1 were evaluable for bacteriological efficacy; in the remaining 15 @entity1 no pathogens were isolated or susceptibility data were lacking. MIC50 and MIC90 of @entity2892 were 0.12 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l, respectively, for Gram-negative pathogens isolated and 0.25 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l, respectively, for Gram-positive pathogens. Only one strain (a Flavobacterium odoratum) was resistant to @entity2892 . Clinical cure and bacteriological elimination was achieved in 94% of evaluable @entity1 while 3% showed marked clinical improvement. Two @entity1 were considered therapeutic failures. No clinical adverse effects were noted. Abnormal liver transaminases were recorded in 23% of the @entity1 and 11% developed @entity1712 . In no @entity1 was @entity2892 / @entity9234 discontinued due to adverse effects. It is concluded that intramuscular @entity2892 / @entity9234 in these @entity1 was well tolerated and efficacious.

title: Intramuscular XXXX / @entity9234 for treatment of mild and moderately severe @entity2348 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity2892 :: (MESH:D015378,Chemical) :: ['imipenem']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of intramuscularly administered @entity2892 / @entity9234 was studied in 70 @entity1 with mild or moderately severe @entity2348 (skin and soft tissue infections, @entity1729 , @entity293 and @entity5280 ). Doses of @entity2892 / @entity9234 ranged from 0.5 to 0.75 g twice daily. Fifty-five @entity1 were evaluable for bacteriological efficacy; in the remaining 15 @entity1 no pathogens were isolated or susceptibility data were lacking. MIC50 and MIC90 of @entity2892 were 0.12 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l, respectively, for Gram-negative pathogens isolated and 0.25 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l, respectively, for Gram-positive pathogens. Only one strain (a Flavobacterium odoratum) was resistant to @entity2892 . Clinical cure and bacteriological elimination was achieved in 94% of evaluable @entity1 while 3% showed marked clinical improvement. Two @entity1 were considered therapeutic failures. No clinical adverse effects were noted. Abnormal liver transaminases were recorded in 23% of the @entity1 and 11% developed @entity1712 . In no @entity1 was @entity2892 / @entity9234 discontinued due to adverse effects. It is concluded that intramuscular @entity2892 / @entity9234 in these @entity1 was well tolerated and efficacious.

title: Intramuscular @entity2892 / @entity9234 for treatment of mild and moderately severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial infections']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of intramuscularly administered @entity2892 / @entity9234 was studied in 70 @entity1 with mild or moderately severe @entity2348 (skin and soft tissue infections, @entity1729 , @entity293 and @entity5280 ). Doses of @entity2892 / @entity9234 ranged from 0.5 to 0.75 g twice daily. Fifty-five @entity1 were evaluable for bacteriological efficacy; in the remaining 15 @entity1 no pathogens were isolated or susceptibility data were lacking. MIC50 and MIC90 of @entity2892 were 0.12 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l, respectively, for Gram-negative pathogens isolated and 0.25 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l, respectively, for Gram-positive pathogens. Only one strain (a Flavobacterium odoratum) was resistant to @entity2892 . Clinical cure and bacteriological elimination was achieved in 94% of evaluable @entity1 while 3% showed marked clinical improvement. Two @entity1 were considered therapeutic failures. No clinical adverse effects were noted. Abnormal liver transaminases were recorded in 23% of the @entity1 and 11% developed @entity1712 . In no @entity1 was @entity2892 / @entity9234 discontinued due to adverse effects. It is concluded that intramuscular @entity2892 / @entity9234 in these @entity1 was well tolerated and efficacious.

title: Intramuscular @entity2892 / XXXX for treatment of mild and moderately severe @entity2348 .

answer: @entity9234 :: (MESH:D015377,Chemical) :: ['cilastatin']


abstract: Severe heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia associated with @entity1031 is a well known complication, although the exact pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. It sets the problem of whether to continue heparin therapy because standard heparin must be withdrawn. Heparin is a mucopolysaccharide composed of fractions of different molecular weights. The fractions with high molecular weights have been held responsible for these severe @entity882 and so, the use of low molecular weight heparin has been suggested. The authors used subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin ( @entity11270 Choay Institute) at empirical doses of 350 to 1 500 units/kg/24 hour in six cases of severe heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia. Platelet counts rapidly returned to normal (4 days on average) in 5 cases. Thrombocytopaenia persisted with low molecular weight heparin in 1 case. The study of @entity1423 was positive with low molecular weight heparin in this case and the platelet count returned to normal when the treatment was withdrawn. The authors conclude that, although low molecular weight heparin is useful in severe heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia, its efficacy remains modest. Not only may @entity1423 persist with low molecular weight heparin which rekindles the debate as to its pathogenic mechanism, but also low molecular weight heparin may have a slight antithrombin effect which limits its use in @entity1 at high risk of @entity1031 , imposing treatment with fast acting @entity2067 antagonists.

title: [Severe XXXX from heparin: value of the use of low molecular weight heparin. Apropos of 6 cases].

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenias']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombopenia']


abstract: AIM: To report details concerning symptoms ( @entity158 ) preceding the development of @entity1745 ( @entity1745 ); delays between onset/reporting of symptoms and confirmed diagnosis of @entity1745 ; accuracy of investigations carried out. METHODS: A prospective observational study examined the diagnosis, management and outcome of 319 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1745 at three Scottish @entity5 centres between January 1998-April 1999. The process was considered from the perspectives of the @entity1 , the GP and the hospital doctor. RESULTS: At diagnosis, most @entity1 (82%) were either unable to walk or only able to do so with help. @entity158 was reported by nearly all @entity1 interviewed (94%) and had been present for approximately 3 months (median=90 days). It was severe in 84% of cases, with the distribution and characteristics of nerve @entity158 in 79%. The site of @entity158 did not correspond to the site of compression. Where reported, @entity425 had been noticed by the @entity1 for some time before diagnosis (median intervals 20 and 12 days, respectively). Most @entity1 reported early symptoms to their General Practitioner (GP) and diagnosis was established, following referral and investigation, approximately 2 months (median=66 days) later. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who develop spinal metastases are at risk of irreversible @entity602 . @entity425 and @entity3002 are reported late and identified even later, despite @entity1 having reported @entity158 for a considerable time. @entity1 with @entity5 who describe severe back or spinal nerve @entity158 need urgent assessment on the basis of their symptoms, as signs may occur too late. Plain films and bone scans requested for @entity1 in this audit predicted accurately the level of compression in only 21% and 19% of cases, respectively. The only accurate investigation to establish the presence and site of a compressive lesion is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A referral guideline based on suspicious symptoms in addition to suspicious signs is suggested.

title: Don't wait for a sensory level--listen to the symptoms: a prospective audit of the delays in diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord damage']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['sensory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Weakness', 'weakness and/or sensory problems']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['MCC', 'malignant cord compression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['especially pain', 'Pain', 'root pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['malignant cord compression']


abstract: @entity96 are seen in up to 5% of the population. They become symptomatic when they are large and can cause @entity158 , @entity390 , @entity391 , early satiety and obstructive @entity1087 . Treatment modalities include percutaneous drainage, open deroofing, hepatic resection and lately, laparoscopic deroofing. We assessed our management of eleven symptomatic @entity1 over the last five years between May 1996 and August 2001. Two of these had mild symptoms and were kept under review. The remaining nine were treated surgically. Of these, eight were treated by laparotomy and open deroofing with argon laser coagulation of the cut edges while one was treated with left hepatic resection. Three of these had been previously treated with laparoscopic deroofing at other hospitals and had been referred after having developed recurrent symptomatic cysts. Two @entity1 developed post-operative complications--bile leakage that resolved with conservative management. The @entity1 were followed up for a median period of twelve months ranging from 3-62 months. One @entity1 died of @entity1578 12 months after surgery. There was no symptomatic recurrence. We conclude that open cyst deroofing gives marked symptomatic relief with a very low complication rate. In today's era of laparoscopic surgery, it has a definite role in the management of symptomatic @entity96 , more so in recurrent cysts following laparoscopic treatment.

title: Management of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Non-parasitic liver cysts', 'liver cysts']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cysts']


abstract: After acute regional coronary occlusion, myocardial tissue PCO2, as measured by mass spectrometry, rises, reaches a peak, and then gradually falls. This late fall in myocardial tissue PCO2 could be due to (1) a gradual increase in tissue blood flow (and hence improved @entity544 washout), (2) a gradual consumption of tissue @entity3157 , (3) a gradual reduction in the production of @entity544 due to progressive cellular damage, or (4) an artifact caused by the continued presence of the mass spectrometer probe in the @entity63 tissue. To determine which of these four mechanisms is responsible for the late fall in myocardial tissue PCO2, we subjected 27 anesthetized open-chest @entity235 to 3-hour occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Both myocardial tissue PCO2 and intramyocardial @entity3884 ion concentration were measured in the myocardial segment supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery. Ten @entity235 (group 1) were killed after the occlusion (occlusion I), and 11 @entity235 (group 2) underwent reocclusion (occlusion II) at the same site after a 45-minute period of reflow. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured periodically by the intramural injection of 127Xe. Changes in myocardial tissue PCO2 and @entity3884 ion concentration were related to ultrastructural changes in the tissues adjacent to the myocardial tissue PCO2 probe. Regional myocardial blood flow remained unchanged throughout the 3-hour occlusion, ruling out increased @entity544 washout as a cause for its late fall. Tissue @entity3884 ion concentration, as measured by a new lead glass electrode, correlated well with myocardial tissue PCO2, with the reduction in regional myocardial blood flow, and with @entity63 damage assessed histologically. Myocardial @entity3884 ion concentration also exhibited a late fall after the occlusion, from a peak of 199.8 +/- 27.8 nmol/liter to 91.9 +/- 12.1 nmol/liter (mean +/- SEM). This ruled out consumption of tissue @entity3157 as the cause for the late fall in myocardial tissue PCO2. Peak rise in myocardial tissue PCO2 after occlusion II (71.2 +/- 7.9 mm Hg) was significantly lower than peak myocardial tissue PCO2 after occlusion I (116.7 +/- 13.9 mm Hg, P less than 0.001). The difference between these latter two values, as well as the magnitude of fall in myocardial tissue PCO2 during occlusion I, related directly to the degree of histological damage observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The significance of the late fall in myocardial PCO2 and its relationship to myocardial pH after regional coronary occlusion in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with a discrepancy between clinical presentation and echocardiographic severity of @entity472 require invasive hemodynamic assessment. The comparative safety and feasibility of transradial cardiac catheterization in comparison with the traditional transfemoral approach in this usually complex subset of @entity1 is not known. We sought to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and time to cross severely stenosed aortic valves via radial approach. METHODS: All @entity1 who were successfully assessed for @entity472 with a dual-lumen catheter and found to have severe @entity472 (calculated @entity886 area <1.0 cm  ) in the last 2 years at our institution were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic, clinical, and procedural data were compared between the TF group (femoral arterial and venous access) and TR group (radial artery and basilic or cephalic vein access). RESULTS: A total of 176 @entity1 underwent left and right heart catheterization using femoral access, while 58 @entity1 had their procedures performed via radial artery and arm vein access. Fluoroscopy time was comparable between TR and TF groups (14.97    4.6 minutes vs 12.90    3.9 minutes, respectively; P=.23), as was the time to cross the @entity886 (132    209 seconds vs 128    226 seconds, respectively; P=.39). Incidence of cerebrovascular events was not different between the two groups (2.3% vs 1.75%, respectively; P=.14). Access-site complications were significantly higher in the TF group vs the TR group (5.11% vs 0%, respectively; P<.01). CONCLUSION: Transradial retrograde crossing of severely stenosed @entity886 is feasible using ordinary equipment, with reduced access-site related complications.

title: Hemodynamic Assessment of Severe XXXX via Transradial Approach is Safe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['Aortic Stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical presentation of @entity7663 disease and the safety and effectiveness of treatment may differ in elderly compared with younger populations related to relative @entity1200 , co-morbidities and drug interactions. However, elderly populations with @entity7663 disease have not been comprehensively studied. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A retrospective analysis was performed on an observational cohort of all confirmed @entity7663 cases managed at Barwon Health from 1/1/1998-31/12/2014. The cohort included 327 @entity1 ; 131(40.0%) >= 65 years and 196(60.0%) <65 years of age. @entity1 >= 65 years had a shorter median duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis (p<0.01), a higher proportion with @entity6 (p<0.001) and immune suppression (p<0.001), and were more likely to have lesions that were multiple (OR 4.67, 95% CI 1.78-12.31, p<0.001) and WHO category 3 (OR 4.59, 95% CI 1.98-10.59, p<0.001). Antibiotic complications occurred in 69(24.3%) treatment episodes at an increased incidence in those aged >= 65 years (OR 5.29, 95% CI 2.81-9.98, p<0.001). There were 4(1.2%) deaths, with significantly more in the age-group >= 65 years (4 compared with 0 deaths, p = 0.01). The overall treatment success rate was 92.2%. For the age-group >= 65 years there was a reduced rate of treatment success overall (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.80, p = <0.01) and when surgery was used alone (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.76, p<0.01). @entity1 >= 65 years were more likely to have a paradoxical reaction (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.17-3.62, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Elderly @entity1 comprise a significant proportion of @entity7663 disease @entity1 in Australian populations and present with more severe and advanced disease forms. Currently recommended treatments are associated with increased @entity137 and reduced effectiveness in elderly populations. Increased efforts are required to diagnose @entity7663 earlier in elderly populations, and research is urgently required to develop more effective and less toxic treatments for this age-group.

title: XXXX in the Elderly: More Severe Disease and Suboptimal Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune defficiencies']

answer: @entity7663 :: (1809,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium ulcerans']


abstract: @entity526 is the most commonly isolated bacterium in @entity293 , especially in acute uncomplicated @entity2335 . It is reported that @entity3284 -resistant @entity526 is increasing. However, according to the guidelines for antimicrobial use published by the Japanese Associations for @entity166 (JAID) and the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy (JSC) in 2014, the first line antimicrobial regimen for the treatment of acute uncomplicated @entity2335 is a 3-day regimen with @entity3284 . We analyzed the causative bacteria and clinical efficacy of antimicrobial treatment in acute uncomplicated @entity2335 cases at our institute. @entity1 diagnosed as having acute uncomplicated @entity2335 who had >=  10(4) colony-forming units/mL of bacteria in their midstream urine in our outpatient clinic between 2012 and 2013 were enrolled in this study. We analyzed their clinical data retrospectively. From 173 @entity1 , 212 strains were isolated. Of these, 135 (63.7%) were @entity526 , including 15 strains (11.1%) that were @entity5553 resistant. One hundred twenty-three @entity1 (63.7%) were treated with @entity8509 , and 46 @entity1 (26.6%) were treated with @entity3284 . In all, 140 @entity1 (80.9%) visited the outpatient clinic for an average of 8.4 days after their treatment. For 130 @entity1 (92.6%), the clinical outcomes of antimicrobial treatment were judged as effective. The clinical outcomes were effective in 92.1% of the @entity1 with @entity8509 treatment and in 97.1% of those with @entity3284 treatment. Only one @entity1 who had @entity5553 -resistant @entity526 in her urine was treated with @entity3284 . The clinical outcome was effective. Of the @entity526 isolated from acute uncomplicated @entity2335 @entity1 , 11.1% were @entity5553 -resistant strains. However, the clinical efficacy of antimicrobial treatment was relatively high (92.9%) in this study. The antimicrobial treatment for acute uncomplicated @entity2335 recommended by the guidelines published by the JAID and JSC was effective in the current situation.

title: [Clinical Study of Acute Uncomplicated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3284 :: ('D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolone']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity8509 :: ('D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['Cystitis']


abstract: This article outlines the ingredients the authors feel are critical to making social skills interventions successful for @entity1 with @entity72 . The authors described basic principles for teaching social skills that capitalize on the strengths of such @entity1 , while specifically addressing their deficits. The authors applied these widely used principles to group social skills intervention. In particular, social skills groups for @entity1 with @entity2438 need to break down complex social behaviors into concrete steps and rules that can be memorized and practiced in a variety of settings. Abstract concepts must be made concrete through a variety of visual, tangible, "hands-on" activities that make socialization fun. Visual structure and predictable routines are essential. Also critical to the success of social skills intervention are instruction and activities that provide necessary support for the language abilities of the @entity1 . A variety of learning opportunities must be used to teach the goals and skills most relevant to @entity1 with @entity2438 . These skills must be integrated as intervention progresses. Furthermore, interactions that require the @entity1 to focus on peers create a positive social group culture. Within this culture and environment, self-awareness and positive self-esteem can be fostered. A behavior plan that specifies individual goals for group members and a specific system for delivering rewards should be included. Other important ingredients include generalization, which is encouraged through community outings, skill practice in more naturalistic settings, and collaboration with parents and teachers to work on skills outside the group intervention. Weekly therapy does little to change basic deficits of @entity2438 unless there is daily practice and reinforcement of the skills being learned in more natural situations. The authors hope that outlining these principles and specific techniques will encourage more clinicians to offer social skills groups and thus increase their availability around the nation and world. Continued research and treatment for social skills is necessary to provide much needed empiric evidence to determine effectiveness of such interventions.

title: Social skills interventions for the XXXX spectrum: essential ingredients and a model curriculum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rituximab is widely used in kidney transplantation. However, it is not clear whether the conventional doses of maintenance immunosuppressant in rituximab-treated kidney transplantation (KT) are appropriate. In our previous study, decreasing @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) dose due to infection did not increase the incidence of rejection or graft failure. Based on these experiences, we developed a new protocol with a lower dose of @entity2098 and studied its clinical outcomes in rituximab-treated KT. METHODS: We enrolled all @entity1 who underwent ABO-incompatible or human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-sensitized living donor KT with the new immunosuppressant protocol after preconditioning with rituximab, but without splenectomy from November 2011 to May 2013. Seventy-two @entity1 (group 1) were consecutively enrolled in this study and followed until November 2013. @entity1 from our previous study served as control groups. Sixty-seven @entity1 received KT using rituximab with a conventional dose of @entity2098 (group 2), and 87 @entity1 received ABO compatible KT without need for rituximab (group 3). Clinical outcomes, including rejection, infection, and graft survival, were compared between the groups. The    (2) test and Fisher's exact test were used for categorical variables, the Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for continuous variables, and a log-rank test was used for mortality analysis. RESULTS: Doses of postoperative @entity2098 (g/day) were lower in group 1 than in the other groups (1.03    0.19, 1.48    0.34 and 1.48    0.32 g/day at 1 week, p < 0.001). @entity166 occurred more often in groups with conventional @entity2098 doses (group 2 and 3) than in group 1 (16.7 vs. 37.3 %, p = 0.007 and 16.7 vs. 34.5 %, p = 0.012, respectively). Notably, group 1 showed a lower incidence of @entity2803 than group 2. However, reduction in @entity2098 dose did not increase the incidence of acute rejection (4.2, 4.5 and 10.3 %). Only one graft failure occurred in group 2 due to vessel kinking after operation. There were no significant differences in the incidence of @entity5 and mortality between groups. CONCLUSIONS: A low @entity2098 dose reduces infection without increasing rejection or graft loss and it may be appropriate to reduce the dose of @entity2098 for rituximab-treated KT @entity1 .

title: Low dose of XXXX is enough in desensitized kidney transplantation using rituximab.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious complications']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: The potential to rapidly capture the entire microbial community structure and/or gene content makes metagenomic sequencing an attractive tool for pathogen identification and the detection of resistance/virulence genes in clinical settings. Here, we assessed the consistency between PCR from a diagnostic laboratory, quantitative PCR (qPCR) from a research laboratory, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and @entity5599 ( @entity5599 ) for @entity2718 identification in @entity294 stool samples. Twenty-two @entity2718 -positive @entity294 samples identified by PCR and qPCR and five @entity2718 -negative @entity294 controls were studied. @entity2718 was detected in 90.9% of @entity2718 -positive samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and @entity2718 was detected in 86.3% of @entity2718 -positive samples using @entity5599 . CFU inferred from qPCR analysis were positively correlated with the relative abundance of @entity2718 from 16S rRNA gene sequencing (r(2) = -0.60) and @entity5599 (r(2) = -0.55). @entity2718 was codetected with @entity3168 , norovirus, sapovirus, parechovirus, and anellovirus in 3.7% to 27.3% of the samples. A high load of Candida spp. was found in a symptomatic control sample in which no causative agents for @entity294 were identified in routine clinical testing. Beta-lactamase and @entity803 resistance genes were the most prevalent (25.9%) antibiotic resistance genes in these samples. In summary, the proof-of-concept study demonstrated that next-generation sequencing (NGS) in pathogen detection is moderately correlated with laboratory testing and is advantageous in detecting pathogens without a priori knowledge.

title: Metagenomic Approach for Identification of the Pathogens Associated with XXXX in Stool Specimens.

entities_list: @entity5599 :: ('MESH:D010855', 'Disease') :: ['MSS', 'metagenomic shotgun sequencing']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['Diarrhea']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: How do @entity6160 reason about and experience information-sharing with offspring following identity-release sperm donation? SUMMARY ANSWER: Sharing information about using donor-conception with offspring is a complex process at several levels, with the parent's personal beliefs and the @entity1 's responses serving as driving or impeding forces for the information-sharing process. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The overall view of disclosure in gamete donation has shifted from secrecy to openness, but there is still uncertainty among parents concerning how and when to tell the @entity1 about his/her genetic origin. Most research on donor-conceived families has focused on donation treatment under anonymous or known circumstances, and there is a lack of studies in settings with identity-release donations. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A qualitative interview study among 30 parents following identity-release sperm donation treatment. Interviews were conducted from February 2014 to March 2015. @entity1 /MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The present study is part of the prospective longitudinal Swedish Study on Gamete Donation (SSGD), including all fertility clinics performing gamete donation in Sweden. A sample of @entity1 in the SSGD, consisting of @entity6160 with @entity1 aged 7-8 years following identity-release sperm donation, participated in individual semi-structured interviews. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: The analysis revealed one main theme: information-sharing is a process, with three subthemes; (i) the parent as process manager, (ii) the @entity1 as force or friction and (iii) being in the process. The first two subthemes were viewed as being linked together and their content served as driving or impeding forces in the information-sharing process. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The fact that the study was performed within the context of the Swedish legislation on identity-release donation must be taken into consideration as regards transferability to other populations, as this may affect parents' reasoning concerning their information-sharing with the @entity1 . WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The present findings highlight the role of the donor-conceived @entity1 in the information-sharing process and may contribute to develop counselling that increases parents' confidence in handling @entity1 's reactions to information about their genetic origin. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: Financial support from The Swedish Research Council, The Family Planning Fund in Uppsala and Ferring Pharmaceuticals. There are no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.

title: It takes two to tango: information-sharing with offspring among XXXX following identity-release sperm donation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6160 :: ('MESH:D063129', 'Disease') :: ['heterosexual parents']

answer: @entity6160 :: (MESH:D063129,Disease) :: ['heterosexual parents']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity6729 in the nasopharynx and middle ear exudate was investigated in 3 studies. Bacteria were isolated from the nasopharynx in 63% of 180 healthy @entity1 and @entity6729 , the most common bacterium present, was isolated in 36%. In 75 @entity1 with primary @entity697 , bacteria were isolated from the nasopharynx in 98% and from the middle ear exudate in 80%. @entity6729 was found in the nasopharynx in 43% and in the middle ear exudate in pure culture in 9%. In those @entity1 in whom @entity6729 was isolated from the middle ear exudate it was also present in the nasopharynx. In 420 @entity1 , 338 with primary @entity697 and 82 who relapsed or did not respond to previous antibiotic therapy, @entity6729 was isolated from the nasopharynx in approximately 50%. About half of the @entity6729 strains were beta-lactamase-producing and the majority of these strains were isolated in @entity1 under 3 years of age. Of @entity1 with primary @entity697 who had beta-lactamase-producing @entity6729 about 50% had not previously received antibiotic treatment. @entity6729 is commonly found in the nasopharynx of healthy @entity1 as well as in @entity1 with @entity697 . Many of the strains are beta-lactamase-producing though many of the @entity1 have not been previously treated with antibiotics. In middle ear exudate, @entity6729 is found in about 10% of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX media in Sweden. Role of @entity6729 and the rationale for choice of antimicrobial therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6729 :: ('480', 'Species') :: ['Branhamella catarrhalis', 'B. catarrhalis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute otitis']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity6729 in the nasopharynx and middle ear exudate was investigated in 3 studies. Bacteria were isolated from the nasopharynx in 63% of 180 healthy @entity1 and @entity6729 , the most common bacterium present, was isolated in 36%. In 75 @entity1 with primary @entity697 , bacteria were isolated from the nasopharynx in 98% and from the middle ear exudate in 80%. @entity6729 was found in the nasopharynx in 43% and in the middle ear exudate in pure culture in 9%. In those @entity1 in whom @entity6729 was isolated from the middle ear exudate it was also present in the nasopharynx. In 420 @entity1 , 338 with primary @entity697 and 82 who relapsed or did not respond to previous antibiotic therapy, @entity6729 was isolated from the nasopharynx in approximately 50%. About half of the @entity6729 strains were beta-lactamase-producing and the majority of these strains were isolated in @entity1 under 3 years of age. Of @entity1 with primary @entity697 who had beta-lactamase-producing @entity6729 about 50% had not previously received antibiotic treatment. @entity6729 is commonly found in the nasopharynx of healthy @entity1 as well as in @entity1 with @entity697 . Many of the strains are beta-lactamase-producing though many of the @entity1 have not been previously treated with antibiotics. In middle ear exudate, @entity6729 is found in about 10% of cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity697 media in Sweden. Role of XXXX and the rationale for choice of antimicrobial therapy.

answer: @entity6729 :: (480,Species) :: ['Branhamella catarrhalis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Meta-analysis studies showed that smokers have increased risk for developing @entity195 ( @entity195 ) compared with non-smokers, and neuroimaging studies revealed that smoking damages white matter structural integrity. OBJECTIVE: The present study characterizes the effects of side-stream (second hand) cigarette smoke (CS) exposures on the expression of genes that regulate oligodendrocyte myelin-synthesis, maturation, and maintenance and neuroglial functions. METHODS: Adult male A/J @entity19 were exposed to air (8 weeks; A8), CS (4 or 8 weeks; CS4, CS8), or CS8 followed by 2 weeks recovery (CS8+R). The frontal lobes were used for histology and qRT-PCR analysis. RESULTS: Luxol fast blue, @entity1710 and @entity1711 stained histological sections revealed CS-associated reductions in myelin staining intensity and narrowing of the corpus callosum. CS exposures broadly decreased mRNA levels of immature and mature oligodendrocyte myelin-associated, neuroglial, and oligodendrocyte-related transcription factors. These effects were more prominent in the CS8 compared with CS4 group, suggesting that molecular @entity62 and @entity17 worsen with duration of CS exposure. Recovery normalized or upregulated less than 25% of the suppressed genes; in most cases, inhibition of gene expression was either sustained or exacerbated. CONCLUSION: CS exposures broadly inhibit expression of genes needed for myelin synthesis and maintenance. These adverse effects often were not reversed by short-term CS withdrawal. The results support the hypothesis that smoking contributes to @entity62 , and therefore could be a key risk factor for a number of @entity179 , including @entity195 .

title: Tobacco Smoke-Induced Brain White Matter Myelin Dysfunction: Potential Co-Factor Role of Smoking in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['myelin loss']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter degeneration', 'abnormalities linked to white matter atrophy']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Neurodegeneration']


abstract: A system combining visual recording of rearing and grooming, with automatic measurement of slow and fast components of locomotion, was examined for its suitability as a means of studying the effects on behaviour of conventional and novel dopaminergic drugs in the @entity19 . @entity4944 (0.1-10 mg/kg) selectively stimulated fast movements and affected rearing bimodally. @entity3826 (0.01-5 mg/kg) influenced locomotion polyphasically, depressing fast movements and enhancing slow ones, and producing parallel changes in rearing. Both drugs reduced grooming monotonically. A dose of @entity3826 (25 micrograms/kg) which is considered to act presynaptically produced @entity1767 -resistant sedation, while a larger dose (0.5 mg/kg; with postsynaptic actions) evoked head-down sniffing and ponderous walking that were partially prevented by pretreatment with 0.05 mg/kg @entity1767 (D2 blocker), but not 0.01 mg/kg @entity10095 (D1 blocker). The behavioural effects of @entity1767 (0.2-0.4 mg/kg) and @entity10095 (0.05 mg/kg) were indistinguishable; both drugs caused sedation and inhibited all forms of motor activity. Small doses of @entity10095 (2-10 micrograms/kg) and large doses of the D1 agonist @entity2344 (3-10 mg/kg) evoked excessive grooming. The drug @entity2344 (1-30 mg/kg) had no other effects on motor behaviour, whereas the whole spectrum of pre- and postsynaptic motor responses produced by @entity3826 could be duplicated with the D2 agonist @entity49358 (0.05-15 mg/kg). The differential sensitivity of fast and slow components of locomotion to treatment with drug suggests these are qualitatively distinct responses. The results implicate D2 receptors in the mechanisms of locomotion and rearing, and D1 receptors in the expression of grooming.

title: Differential effects of dopamine D1 and D2 agonists and antagonists on velocity of movement, rearing and grooming in the XXXX . Implications for the roles of D1 and D2 receptors.

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine', 'apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphetamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1358 is the most common solid @entity8 in adults worldwide. To provide the insight of clinicopathologica epidemiological characteristics and change tendencies of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), 2154 cases were collected from Shanxi Province of China, including diagnose time, age, gender, @entity5 size, Fuhrman grade, @entity5 stage, @entity5 location, local advance or distant @entity3 and first symptom from 2005 to 2014. This retrospectively investigation, as its general objective, was to analyze the clinicopathologica epidemiological characteristics and the change tendencies of @entity1358 . METHODS: Between 2005 and 2014, 2154 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity1358 in three large tertiary hospitals at Shanxi Province were included. The @entity1 ' demographic features, pathological diagnoses and metastatic statuses were analyzed. Statistics methods include the chi-squared test, analysis of variance, Spearman's correlation analysis, Logistic regression and ARIMA modeling. RESULTS: Of the 2154 included @entity1 , the constituent ratio of female /male was 63.1% and 36.9%, with the median age of 57 years old. Fuhrman grade distributions differed significantly between males and females (p = 0.024). Also, a significant difference in @entity5 size was found by different clinical stages (p < 0.001), with a linear correlation (p < 0.001). Moreover, Spearman's analysis indicated @entity5 grade has a negative correlation with female (p = 0.009) and a positive correlation with @entity5 size (p = 0.000). It was found that the @entity5 diameter is bigger in the left side (p = 0.022). Furthermore, the @entity3 rate was higher in the bigger @entity5 (p < 0.001) and the left-sided @entity5 (p = 0.027). Logistic regression also showed that @entity5 size is a risk factor for @entity3 (OR = 1.724). The risk of local advance or distant @entity3 in the left kidney was 1.6-fold greater than that of the right kidney. From 2005 to 2014 the number of @entity1358 cases gradually increased (mainly for pathological grade II and III, but grade I and IV), while the average @entity5 size decreased, showing the severity increase mildly. Base on the results of a time series analysis-prediction the average @entity1358 size would continue to decrease from the first quarter of 2015 to the fourth quarter of 2016. CONCLUSIONS: The cases of @entity1358 increased from 2005 to 2014 with clear cell type as the main pathological type in this population. The characteristics in the constituent ratios of the @entity1358 vary depending on gender, pathological grade, @entity5 size, and location, which may be the important factors impacting treatment and prognosis.

title: Clinicopathologica Epidemiological Characteristics and Change XXXX in Shanxi Province of China from 2005 to 2014.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Tendencies of Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: Each of 62 females were studied for a period of between two and 72 months (mean 36 months) following the removal of a @entity2013 by transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Our aims were to define the relationships between pre- and post-operative features, the operative findings and the functional outcome. Pre-operative serum @entity4090 (PRL) concentrations correlated with @entity5 diameter (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001). Following surgery two groups of @entity1 were identified: Group 1, 46 spontaneously and regularly menstruating @entity1 and Group 2, 16 @entity1 with persistent @entity4999 . The @entity1 in Group 1 had significantly lower pre-operative and post-operative serum (PRL) concentrations (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001 respectively) and significantly greater PRL responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone ( @entity1218 ) and @entity1769 stimulation after surgery (p less than 0.001). There was not a significant difference in @entity5 size between the groups. Forty-four (96 per cent) of the @entity1 in Group 1 had normal post-operative serum PRL concentrations within one week of surgery. By comparison (p less than 0.001) only 42 and 20 per cent respectively of Group 1 @entity1 who were tested had normal @entity1218 and @entity1769 evoked PRL secretion following surgery. Return of regular menstruation was associated with cessation of @entity21696 in 44 @entity1 (96 per cent) and ovulation occurred in 37 of 38 menstruating @entity1 for whom data are available. All @entity1 with normal @entity1218 and @entity1769 stimulation tests menstruated spontaneously. Nevertheless most @entity1 who menstruated did so in spite of retaining suppressed PRL responses. Of 46 @entity1 followed to date whose serum PRL was normal one week after surgery, seven later were found to have an elevation of serum PRL outside the normal range but in only two has this been persistent. We suggest that a single measurement of serum PRL one week following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for @entity2013 provides a good basis for deciding about the future management of @entity1 who desire menstruation and pregnancy.

title: XXXX dynamics and @entity5 size in the prediction of surgical outcome for @entity2013 .

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity21696 :: ('MESH:C535402', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhoea']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['Prolactin']


abstract: Each of 62 females were studied for a period of between two and 72 months (mean 36 months) following the removal of a @entity2013 by transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Our aims were to define the relationships between pre- and post-operative features, the operative findings and the functional outcome. Pre-operative serum @entity4090 (PRL) concentrations correlated with @entity5 diameter (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001). Following surgery two groups of @entity1 were identified: Group 1, 46 spontaneously and regularly menstruating @entity1 and Group 2, 16 @entity1 with persistent @entity4999 . The @entity1 in Group 1 had significantly lower pre-operative and post-operative serum (PRL) concentrations (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001 respectively) and significantly greater PRL responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone ( @entity1218 ) and @entity1769 stimulation after surgery (p less than 0.001). There was not a significant difference in @entity5 size between the groups. Forty-four (96 per cent) of the @entity1 in Group 1 had normal post-operative serum PRL concentrations within one week of surgery. By comparison (p less than 0.001) only 42 and 20 per cent respectively of Group 1 @entity1 who were tested had normal @entity1218 and @entity1769 evoked PRL secretion following surgery. Return of regular menstruation was associated with cessation of @entity21696 in 44 @entity1 (96 per cent) and ovulation occurred in 37 of 38 menstruating @entity1 for whom data are available. All @entity1 with normal @entity1218 and @entity1769 stimulation tests menstruated spontaneously. Nevertheless most @entity1 who menstruated did so in spite of retaining suppressed PRL responses. Of 46 @entity1 followed to date whose serum PRL was normal one week after surgery, seven later were found to have an elevation of serum PRL outside the normal range but in only two has this been persistent. We suggest that a single measurement of serum PRL one week following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for @entity2013 provides a good basis for deciding about the future management of @entity1 who desire menstruation and pregnancy.

title: @entity4090 dynamics and @entity5 size in the prediction of surgical outcome for XXXX .

answer: @entity2013 :: (MESH:D015175,Disease) :: ['prolactinoma']


abstract: Each of 62 females were studied for a period of between two and 72 months (mean 36 months) following the removal of a @entity2013 by transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Our aims were to define the relationships between pre- and post-operative features, the operative findings and the functional outcome. Pre-operative serum @entity4090 (PRL) concentrations correlated with @entity5 diameter (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001). Following surgery two groups of @entity1 were identified: Group 1, 46 spontaneously and regularly menstruating @entity1 and Group 2, 16 @entity1 with persistent @entity4999 . The @entity1 in Group 1 had significantly lower pre-operative and post-operative serum (PRL) concentrations (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.001 respectively) and significantly greater PRL responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone ( @entity1218 ) and @entity1769 stimulation after surgery (p less than 0.001). There was not a significant difference in @entity5 size between the groups. Forty-four (96 per cent) of the @entity1 in Group 1 had normal post-operative serum PRL concentrations within one week of surgery. By comparison (p less than 0.001) only 42 and 20 per cent respectively of Group 1 @entity1 who were tested had normal @entity1218 and @entity1769 evoked PRL secretion following surgery. Return of regular menstruation was associated with cessation of @entity21696 in 44 @entity1 (96 per cent) and ovulation occurred in 37 of 38 menstruating @entity1 for whom data are available. All @entity1 with normal @entity1218 and @entity1769 stimulation tests menstruated spontaneously. Nevertheless most @entity1 who menstruated did so in spite of retaining suppressed PRL responses. Of 46 @entity1 followed to date whose serum PRL was normal one week after surgery, seven later were found to have an elevation of serum PRL outside the normal range but in only two has this been persistent. We suggest that a single measurement of serum PRL one week following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for @entity2013 provides a good basis for deciding about the future management of @entity1 who desire menstruation and pregnancy.

title: @entity4090 dynamics and XXXX size in the prediction of surgical outcome for @entity2013 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was made of the influence of the anti-inflammatory agent @entity5018 on @entity2736 after total hip replacement for @entity4040 , @entity174 or @entity309 . Seven drop-outs left 21 @entity1 on medication and 22 on placebo in two comparable groups. @entity2736 appeared in one third of the @entity1 in the @entity5018 group and in three fourths in the control group 12 months after surgery. Five @entity1 in the latter group developed true heterotopic bone, compared to one of the @entity1 on medication. @entity2736 was as common among osteoarthritic @entity1 as among others. There was no difference in the range of motion at 12 months postoperatively between @entity1 with and without @entity2736 . In the 22 @entity1 with @entity2736 this was demonstrated in all but eight within 6 weeks, and in only three did it appear later than 3 months postoperatively. Five of the six @entity1 who showed heterotopic bone with trabecular structure were male. Since @entity32 is a dominant feature in the postoperative phase, the effect of @entity5018 on @entity2736 is probably its inhibition of the synthesis of @entity2918 . This implies that prevention is most successful if commenced before or at the time of operation.

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity2736 after hip replacement.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification', 'Heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study was made of the influence of the anti-inflammatory agent @entity5018 on @entity2736 after total hip replacement for @entity4040 , @entity174 or @entity309 . Seven drop-outs left 21 @entity1 on medication and 22 on placebo in two comparable groups. @entity2736 appeared in one third of the @entity1 in the @entity5018 group and in three fourths in the control group 12 months after surgery. Five @entity1 in the latter group developed true heterotopic bone, compared to one of the @entity1 on medication. @entity2736 was as common among osteoarthritic @entity1 as among others. There was no difference in the range of motion at 12 months postoperatively between @entity1 with and without @entity2736 . In the 22 @entity1 with @entity2736 this was demonstrated in all but eight within 6 weeks, and in only three did it appear later than 3 months postoperatively. Five of the six @entity1 who showed heterotopic bone with trabecular structure were male. Since @entity32 is a dominant feature in the postoperative phase, the effect of @entity5018 on @entity2736 is probably its inhibition of the synthesis of @entity2918 . This implies that prevention is most successful if commenced before or at the time of operation.

title: Effect of @entity5018 on XXXX after hip replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2736 :: (MESH:D009999,Disease) :: ['heterotopic ossification']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous research on the effect of replacing sources of animal protein with plant protein on glycemic control has been inconsistent. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of @entity23 ( @entity23 ) to assess the effect of this replacement on glycemic control in individuals with @entity6 . We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through 26 August 2015. We included @entity23 >=  3-weeks comparing the effect of replacing animal with plant protein on HbA1c, fasting @entity413 (FG), and fasting insulin (FI). Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data, assessed study quality and risk of bias. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method and expressed as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q-statistic) and quantified (I  -statistic). Thirteen @entity23 (n = 280) met the eligibility criteria. Diets emphasizing a replacement of animal with plant protein at a median level of ~35% of total protein per day significantly lowered HbA1c (MD = -0.15%; 95%-CI: -0.26, -0.05%), FG (MD = -0.53 mmol/L; 95%-CI: -0.92, -0.13 mmol/L) and FI (MD = -10.09 pmol/L; 95%-CI: -17.31, -2.86 pmol/L) compared with control arms. Overall, the results indicate that replacing sources of animal with plant protein leads to modest improvements in glycemic control in individuals with @entity6 . Owing to uncertainties in our analyses there is a need for larger, longer, higher quality trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT02037321.

title: Effect of Replacing Animal Protein with Plant Protein on Glycemic Control in XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Twenty-nine @entity1 with Stages I and II nodular, poorly differentiated @entity1072 were treated with radiation therapy or radiation therapy plus chemotherapy. Twenty-two @entity1 with Stage I received radiation to the involved field, the other seven with Stage II received total lymphoid radiation. Complete remission was achieved in all 29. There were no differences in remission duration or survival according to treatment modality. Five of 29 (17%) @entity1 relapsed. No relapses were observed after 5 years. Ten @entity1 died; one @entity1 died of @entity706 , and nine others died in continuous complete remission of various other causes. Sixty-six percent of the @entity1 were alive at 74-160 months (median 118 months). Involved field radiation with or without chemotherapy was well tolerated, producing acceptable @entity137 . Substantially more @entity137 was observed after total lymphoid irradiation and although cures were also achieved, less toxic treatment programs should be investigated. The low rate of relapse observed in early stages of this @entity706 in this and in other studies is suggestive that cures might be achieved in nearly one-half of the @entity1 presenting in early stage.

title: Treatment of early--stages I and II--nodular, poorly differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['lymphocytic lymphoma']


abstract: The effect of chelating agents on extracellular proteinase production by @entity11763 32A was examined. Increasing concentrations of @entity6546 slightly stimulated growth while inhibiting proteinase synthesis. Fifty per cent inhibition was found at 35 and 28 mM- @entity6546 at 5 and 20 degrees C respectively. Extracellular protein concentration was reduced by 30% when cells were grown with 100 mM- @entity6546 . @entity2975 gel electrophoresis of the cell-free supernatants suggested that reduced enzyme synthesis had taken place as evidenced by the decrease in staining intensity of the protein band corresponding to the proteinase. Other @entity1391 compounds could replace @entity6546 as an inhibitor. Extent of inhibition was related to chain length; @entity36248 with 4-6 or 13-18 @entity3151 atoms were the most effective inhibitors. @entity1098 (0.5 mM) completely inhibited proteinase synthesis. This inhibition could be partly reversed by @entity141 and, to a lesser extent, @entity3281 . Proteinase production at 5 degrees C in skim milk was completely inhibited by @entity1391 glass (P13-P18). Control experiments showed that loss of activity with chelators was not due to inhibition of preformed enzyme. The results suggest a possible role for @entity36248 in controlling proteinase production in stored milk.

title: Inhibition by chelating agents of the formation of active extracellular proteinase by XXXX 32A.

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']

entities_list: @entity36248 :: ('MESH:D011122', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphosphates']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['orthophosphate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity11763 :: (294,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the article is to present 8 new cases of @entity3 occurring in the jawbones, their clinical features , diagnostic workup and management. @entity1 AND METHODS: The records of 8 @entity1 with metastatic @entity89 were reviewed. Demographic data, presenting symptoms, primary @entity5 site, radiographic findings, bone scintigraphy , histopathology and clinical management were analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity1 , ranged in age from 44 to 80 years, with a mean of 64.5 years. The primary malignant sites were: the lung , the breast , the rectum, the thyroid, the uterus and the parotid gland . The mandible was the site of oral involvement in seven cases and the maxilla in one. There was no gender difference with respect to the oral site affected. The clinical jaw presentations were: exophytic soft tissue mass, paresthesia of the lower lip and a periapical lesion The provided treatment protocols were: chemotherapy , radiotherapy and chemotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy and supportive care only. In one case the @entity89 was the first indication of an unknown @entity5 at a distant primary site. CONCLUSIONS: Metastatic @entity89 are uncommon. Paresthesia of the lower lip and the chin is a sinister sign for @entity1 with a metastatic @entity89 . In view of these cases it can be said that meticulous work-up of of @entity89 suspected of being metastatic, may be life saving or extend the @entity1 s survival period.

title: XXXX to the jaws: a report of eight new cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw lesions', 'jaw lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastatic tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A course in coping with @entity308 was reported to have documented effects in terms of shortening periods of @entity308 . An economic evaluation of the course was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The estimate of medical effect derives from a randomized controlled trial in 155 subjects with @entity308 . On average subjects in the intervention group improved 3-4 points more on the Beck Depression Inventory than subjects in the control group. A value estimate is provided for this effect given what is known about the weight that society places on severity of illness and effect of treatment when prioritising among @entity1 groups. The value estimate is compared with the costs of the course. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATION: It is estimated that if 200 @entity1 take the course, the improvements in quality of life for all these @entity1 taken together may be regarded as equally valuable and worthy of priority as an intervention that provides an extra life year to one @entity1 . The cost of giving the course to 200 @entity1 is estimated at USD 45,000-60,000. This is within the limits of what society is generally willing to pay in order to gain life years. Because of possible reductions in sick leave, societal net costs may be modest.

title: [Economic evaluation of a course in coping with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: 1. The attempt to infect young @entity95 and @entity840 with material containing in all probability the virus of @entity1 @entity3328 failed. 2. Failure to infect the primary animals almost of necessity brought failure with the secondary @entity11101 -bitten animals. It is, however barely conceivable that a non-infectious form of an organism might circulate in the blood of the primary animal and that this form, through development in an intermediate host, the @entity11101 , might become virulent for the secondary @entity11101 -bitten animal. 3. Incidentally, and presumably accidentally, a @entity66 was observed in young @entity95 associated with the presence of an organism showing certain definite characters. So far as we know this @entity912 and the associated organism have not been previously described. 4. This organism is found widely distributed in the organs of the affected animals and can be demonstrated in the urine. The active destruction by the organism of the nerve cells of the spinal cord is particularly striking, and gives complete explanation for the @entity912 observed clinically. 5. With the organism present in the urine the spread of the disease by contact can be easily understood. 6. The transfer of the infection from animal to animal by fleabites is possible but not probable. 7. The nature of the observed organisms is in doubt. They represent probably an intermediate stage in the life history of some protozoan parasite.

title: INFECTIOUS MOTOR PARALYSIS IN YOUNG XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['infantile paralysis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic disease']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['RABBITS']


abstract: According to the @entity1175 ( @entity1175 ) growth model, statural growth can be divided into three partially superimposed components assumed to represent different physiologic mechanisms. This model predicts a sudden acceleration of length velocity (LV) at the onset of the childhood component around 9 months. The existence of such an infancy-childhood growth spurt has not yet been firmly corroborated by epidemiological studies. In the present study length measurements were made at the target ages of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 24 months in a birth cohort of 2034 @entity1 . In order to check whether length growth showed a continuous smooth pattern, different mathematical models were fitted to the individual growth curves. The models included Count and Guo functions, 5th order polynomial and combinations of 5th order polynomial with the logarithmic term of the Count function and the square root term of the Guo function. We showed that in @entity1 and @entity1 there is a small but systematic lack of fit of the mathematical modeling, due to a sudden acceleration of LV around 9 months. In addition there was an increase in variation of attained length at this age. Comparison of unbalanced ANOVA models with and without addition of dummy variables for the target ages confirmed that there was an acceleration around 9 months that, if corrected for, leads to a significantly improved model fit (likelihood ratio test p < 0.0001). In absolute terms of LV, the misfit at 9 months was not greater than 0.5 cm/year on average. We conclude that the results of this study support the existence of a late infancy growth spurt. In our opinion, however, the magnitude of the phenomenon does not legitimate construction and use of discontinuous growth references such as the @entity1175 reference.

title: Length velocity acceleration at 9 months of age in a representative birth cohort of Dutch XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1175 :: ('MESH:D011628', 'Disease') :: ['infancy-childhood-puberty', 'ICP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN AND OBJECTIVE: Systemic review of double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of medication efficacy in the treatment of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity303 and experiencing neuropsychiatric symptoms( @entity1833 , delusions, @entity2146 , @entity146 , combativeness, wandering). EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Studies were excluded if they reported only @entity308 , if the medication was not available no longer used in the United States, or duplicated another study already included. DATA SOURCES: Medline of English articles between 1966 and June 2004, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and a manual search by the authors for other relevant articles. OUTCOMES: Diverse outcome measures ranging from global benefit to behavioral rating scales. Some of the 29 reports listed several instruments; in total, 24 rating scales were used. Statistical outcome was described and some, but not all, noted clinical impression. Adverse outcomes were listed. RESULTS: The results were clustered in groups: conventional antipsychotics, atypicals, antidepressants, cholinesterase inhibitors, mood stabilizers, and others. Treatment duration ranged from 17 days to 16 weeks. Types of @entity303 and levels of severity varied. The authors reported little benefit and some evidence for harm for typical (or conventional) agents. In contrast, some RCTs of atypical antipsychotics reported "modest" benefit, with @entity1037 and @entity1090 leading others. Although trials reported minimal side effects at low doses, authors acknowledged an increased risk for @entity64 . No studies adequately compared benefit of typical with atypical agents. With the possible exception of @entity837 , antidepressant agents did not reduce @entity2146 , but did improve @entity308 . Cholinesterase inhibiting agents demonstrated significant efficacy toward behavior, while @entity3393 had mixed results. @entity1092 did not prove to be efficacious, and results for @entity2049 were conflicting.

title: Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of XXXX : a review of the evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproate']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This report describes a case of a @entity1 with progressive and recurrent @entity3799 4 years after cervical conization for severe @entity1141 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A 20-year-old female was referred for colposcopy and biopsy following results of moderate to severe atypia of cervical cells on her Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Her colposcopy was satisfactory and her biopsy revealed @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) II, III. She refused the conventional recommendation of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and, as an alternative, elected to receive escharotic treatment at a frequency of 2 treatments per week for 5 weeks. In addition to the escharotic treatment she followed an oral vitamin and botanical protocol. She was followed for 5 years. RESULTS: The @entity1 's 4-month and 10-month follow-up Pap smears revealed negative cervical cytology for intraepithelial lesion or @entity5 . Her 10-month colposcopy was satisfactory and no lesions were noted on the colposcopic exam. Liquid based Pap results continued to remain normal for 5 years after the initiation of treatment. DISCUSSION: Escharotic treatment of high-grade cervical @entity5 with satisfactory colposcopy holds promise as an effective and low-risk alternative therapy to LEEP and other excisional procedures.

title: An alternative treatment for XXXX , III.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II']


abstract: PURPOSE: Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) can be delivered with brachytherapy within 4-5 days compared with 5-6 weeks for conventional whole breast external beam radiotherapy. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 95-17 is the first prospective phase I-II cooperative group trial of APBI alone after lumpectomy in select @entity1 with @entity0 . The @entity137 rates are reported for low-dose-rate (LDR) and @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) APBI on this trial. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The inclusion criteria for this study included @entity3 < or =3 cm after lumpectomy with negative surgical margins and axillary dissection with zero to three positive axillary nodes without extracapsular extension. The @entity1 were treated with either LDR APBI (45 Gy in 3.5-5 days) or @entity1168 APBI (34 Gy in 10 twice-daily fractions within 5 days). Chemotherapy (> or =2 weeks after APBI) and/or @entity440 could be given at the discretion of the treating physicians. RESULTS: Between August 1997 and March 2000, 100 @entity1 were enrolled in this study, and 99 were evaluated. Of the 99 @entity1 , 33 were treated with LDR and 66 with @entity1168 APBI. The median follow-up for all @entity1 was 2.7 years (range, 0.6-4.4 years) and was 2.9 years for LDR and 2.7 years for @entity1168 @entity1 . @entity137 attributed to APBI included erythema, @entity4 , @entity925 , @entity158 , and @entity281 . Of the 66 @entity1 treated with @entity1168 APBI, 2 (3%) had Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 . Of the 33 @entity1 treated with LDR, 3 (9%) had Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 during brachytherapy. Late @entity137 included skin thickening, @entity82 , breast @entity925 , and @entity8721 . No @entity1 experienced late Grade 4 @entity137 ; the rate of Grade 3 @entity137 was 18% for the LDR and 4% for the @entity1168 groups. CONCLUSION: Acute and late @entity137 for this invasive breast radiation technique was modest and acceptable. @entity1 receiving chemotherapy, a nonprotocol therapy, had a greater rate of Grade 3 @entity137 . The study design did not allow for this to be tested statistically.

title: Phase II trial of brachytherapy alone after lumpectomy for select @entity0 : XXXX analysis of RTOG 95-17.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive nonlobular tumors']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) can be delivered with brachytherapy within 4-5 days compared with 5-6 weeks for conventional whole breast external beam radiotherapy. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 95-17 is the first prospective phase I-II cooperative group trial of APBI alone after lumpectomy in select @entity1 with @entity0 . The @entity137 rates are reported for low-dose-rate (LDR) and @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) APBI on this trial. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The inclusion criteria for this study included @entity3 < or =3 cm after lumpectomy with negative surgical margins and axillary dissection with zero to three positive axillary nodes without extracapsular extension. The @entity1 were treated with either LDR APBI (45 Gy in 3.5-5 days) or @entity1168 APBI (34 Gy in 10 twice-daily fractions within 5 days). Chemotherapy (> or =2 weeks after APBI) and/or @entity440 could be given at the discretion of the treating physicians. RESULTS: Between August 1997 and March 2000, 100 @entity1 were enrolled in this study, and 99 were evaluated. Of the 99 @entity1 , 33 were treated with LDR and 66 with @entity1168 APBI. The median follow-up for all @entity1 was 2.7 years (range, 0.6-4.4 years) and was 2.9 years for LDR and 2.7 years for @entity1168 @entity1 . @entity137 attributed to APBI included erythema, @entity4 , @entity925 , @entity158 , and @entity281 . Of the 66 @entity1 treated with @entity1168 APBI, 2 (3%) had Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 . Of the 33 @entity1 treated with LDR, 3 (9%) had Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 during brachytherapy. Late @entity137 included skin thickening, @entity82 , breast @entity925 , and @entity8721 . No @entity1 experienced late Grade 4 @entity137 ; the rate of Grade 3 @entity137 was 18% for the LDR and 4% for the @entity1168 groups. CONCLUSION: Acute and late @entity137 for this invasive breast radiation technique was modest and acceptable. @entity1 receiving chemotherapy, a nonprotocol therapy, had a greater rate of Grade 3 @entity137 . The study design did not allow for this to be tested statistically.

title: Phase II trial of brachytherapy alone after lumpectomy for select XXXX : @entity137 analysis of RTOG 95-17.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Air pollution from traffic has been associated with @entity66 in @entity1 and adults, but there is little information on its potential @entity2359 effects. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ), as a marker of traffic-related air pollution, and cognitive development in @entity1 . METHODS: A population-based birth cohort from southern Spain was followed from the age of 4 years for 1 year. Complete data for analyses were gathered on 210 @entity1 living in urban and rural areas. @entity6836 exposure was predicted by means of land use regression models. A standardised version of the McCarthy Scales of @entity1 's Abilities (MSCA) was used to assess @entity1 's motor and cognitive abilities. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relation between exposure to @entity6836 and MSCA outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: A negative effect of @entity6836 was found across all MSCA subscales, despite low predicted @entity6836 exposure levels (5-36 microg/m(3)). @entity1 exposed to higher @entity6836 (>24.75 microg/m(3)) showed a decrease of 4.19 points in the general cognitive score and decreases of 6.71, 7.37 and 8.61 points in quantitative, working memory and gross motor areas, respectively. However, except for gross motor function, associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Although results were not statistically significant, the associations found between exposure to @entity6836 and cognitive functions suggest that traffic-related air pollution may have an adverse effect on neurodevelopment, especially early in life, even at low exposure levels.

title: Association of traffic-related air pollution with cognitive development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']