abstract: UNASSIGNED: Under current guidelines, based on prior @entity174 probability thresholds, inequalities in access to therapy arise especially at older ages (>= 70  years) depending on the presence or absence of a prior @entity174 . An alternative threshold (a fixed threshold from the age of 70 years) reduces this disparity, increases treatment access and decreases the need for bone densitometry. INTRODUCTION: Several international guidelines set age-specific intervention thresholds at the 10-year probability of @entity174 equivalent to a @entity1 of average BMI with a prior @entity174 . At older ages (>= 70  years), @entity1 with prior @entity174 selected for treatment are at lower average absolute risk than those selected for treatment in the absence of prior @entity174 , prompting consideration of alternative thresholds in this age group. METHODS: Using a simulated population of 50,633 @entity1 aged 50-90  years in the UK, with a distribution of risk factors similar to that in the European FRAX derivation cohorts and a UK-matched age distribution, the current NOGG intervention and assessment thresholds were compared to one where the thresholds remained constant from 70  years upwards. RESULTS: Under current thresholds, 45.1  % of @entity1 aged >= 70  years would be eligible for therapy, comprising 37.5  % with prior @entity174 , 2.2  % with high risk but no prior @entity174 and 5.4  % selected for treatment after bone mineral density (BMD) measurement. Mean @entity173 probability was 11.3, 23.3 and 17.6  %, respectively, in these groups. Under the alternative thresholds, the overall proportion of @entity1 treated increased from 45.1 to 52.9  %, with 8.4  % at high risk but no prior @entity174 and 7.0  % selected for treatment after BMD measurement. In the latter group, the mean probability of @entity173 was identical to that observed in @entity1 with prior @entity174 (11.3  %). The alternative threshold also reduced the need for BMD measurement, particularly at older ages (>80  years). CONCLUSIONS: The alternative thresholds equilibrate @entity174 risk, particularly @entity173 risk, in those with or without prior @entity174 selected for treatment and reduce BMD usage at older ages.

title: FRAX-based assessment and intervention thresholds-an exploration of thresholds in XXXX aged 50  years and older in the UK.

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity245 is a rare entity, exceptionally described in the literature. No study has been directly devoted to this condition. The purpose of the present study was to examine specific features, particularly clinical and anatomic expression, observed in a series of operated @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 from the French Antilles were treated for @entity245 between 1996 and 2000. The Verbiest criteria were used to define canal @entity543 . Signs of degeneration and presence of discal herniation were exclusion criteria. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected for the 11 @entity1 . The degree of @entity850 (fixed diameter at the bone level and mobile diameter at the discal level) was measured on computed tomography images. Transverse @entity850 was determined by measuring the interpedicular and interapophyseal distances. @entity850 was determined by measuring the depth of the recessus. RESULTS: These @entity1 were young (mean age 42.4 years). Most of the clinical signs were monoradicular. Discal level @entity850 predominated, generally at level L4-L5. It was generally central and lateral, sagittal and transverse. The interpedicular distance was the only diameter that remained within normal limits. Soft tissues (yellow ligaments and joint capsules) played an important role in the @entity850 . DISCUSSION: The rare reports of @entity245 describe decompensated @entity850 due to discal herniation in the adolescent. @entity245 is considered to be a @entity74 and its particular high frequency in the French Antilles favors this hypothesis. The @entity850 results from bony (short pedicles, hypertrophic lateral masses) and ligament ( @entity1184 of the yellow ligament and joint capsules) structures. CONCLUSION: @entity245 produces a global (sagittal, transverse, central, lateral) narrowing of the lumbar canal where soft tissue structures apparently play a greater role than usually thought. A prospective study examining the impact of ethnic origin is required to analyze the genetic hypothesis.

title: [ XXXX in eleven French Antilles @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental lumbar stenosis', 'developmental lumbar stenosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal stenosis', 'Lateral stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['narrowness']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['Developmental lumbar stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity245 is a rare entity, exceptionally described in the literature. No study has been directly devoted to this condition. The purpose of the present study was to examine specific features, particularly clinical and anatomic expression, observed in a series of operated @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 from the French Antilles were treated for @entity245 between 1996 and 2000. The Verbiest criteria were used to define canal @entity543 . Signs of degeneration and presence of discal herniation were exclusion criteria. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected for the 11 @entity1 . The degree of @entity850 (fixed diameter at the bone level and mobile diameter at the discal level) was measured on computed tomography images. Transverse @entity850 was determined by measuring the interpedicular and interapophyseal distances. @entity850 was determined by measuring the depth of the recessus. RESULTS: These @entity1 were young (mean age 42.4 years). Most of the clinical signs were monoradicular. Discal level @entity850 predominated, generally at level L4-L5. It was generally central and lateral, sagittal and transverse. The interpedicular distance was the only diameter that remained within normal limits. Soft tissues (yellow ligaments and joint capsules) played an important role in the @entity850 . DISCUSSION: The rare reports of @entity245 describe decompensated @entity850 due to discal herniation in the adolescent. @entity245 is considered to be a @entity74 and its particular high frequency in the French Antilles favors this hypothesis. The @entity850 results from bony (short pedicles, hypertrophic lateral masses) and ligament ( @entity1184 of the yellow ligament and joint capsules) structures. CONCLUSION: @entity245 produces a global (sagittal, transverse, central, lateral) narrowing of the lumbar canal where soft tissue structures apparently play a greater role than usually thought. A prospective study examining the impact of ethnic origin is required to analyze the genetic hypothesis.

title: [ @entity245 in eleven French Antilles XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre (EPPIC) commenced operation in Melbourne, Australia, in 1992. It offers a model for management of first-episode @entity716 , utilising principles of early detection, low-dose medication and comprehensive psychosocial interventions within the least restrictive setting. METHOD: Data were examined from the first three months of treatment for all consecutive @entity1 with first-episode @entity716 (n = 231) accepted in the programme in 1995-1996. A subsample of @entity1 (n = 120) was assessed comparing clinical ratings with variables of gender, diagnosis, hospitalisation, and medication. RESULTS: Hospitalisations were brief, and avoided for a third of the @entity1 . Low-dose antipsychotic medication was maintained in both in- @entity1 and community settings. Those @entity1 with @entity716 were more likely to be hospitalised. Hospitalised @entity1 received higher antipsychotic dosages, and had a greater rate of reduction in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale psychotic subscale scores at three months follow-up. Eighty per cent of a representative subsample had responded to treatment and 63% were in remission by the end of the three months. CONCLUSION: This naturalistic study suggests that the feasibility of implementing the EPPIC model in a range of clinical settings is promising and applicable in practice.

title: Analysis of the initial treatment phase in first-episode XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'manic psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Delivery of follow-up care to @entity0 survivors is an important public health issue due to their increasing number and the anticipated shortage of oncology providers. This study evaluated adherence to American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)-recommended surveillance tests in a bi-ethnic cohort of long-term @entity0 survivors. METHODS: @entity1 (n   =   298) in Arizona and Colorado who had previously participated in a population-based study of @entity0 were enrolled into a follow-up survey approximately 6  years post-diagnosis. ASCO-recommended surveillance (mammogram, clinical breast, and physical exam), other non-recommended tests (e.g. @entity5 markers, imaging scans), and @entity1 ' beliefs were compared by provider type using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: No significant differences in @entity1 self-report of physical exam or mammography prevalence by provider type was observed after adjustment for covariates. Receipt of surveillance tests not recommended by ASCO was higher among survivors who saw an oncologist ( @entity5 marker tests: OR   =   3.0, 95  % CI 1.5-5.8; and other blood tests: OR   =   2.0, 95  % CI 1.1-3.5) as compared to those who routinely see a primary care physician. These observed differences persisted after adjustment for age, stage, lapse in insurance, education, or ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Although overutilization of non-recommended tests was observed among @entity1 who saw an oncologist, the majority of @entity0 survivors received ASCO-recommended surveillance regardless of provider type. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Most @entity0 survivors receive recommended surveillance tests, whether their care is managed by a primary care physician or an oncologist, but some @entity1 receive unnecessary testing. @entity1 should talk with their providers about tests recommended based on their past @entity0 .

title: Surveillance and beliefs about follow-up care among long-term XXXX survivors: a comparison of primary care and oncology providers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Twenty-seven @entity1 (12 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 , age range 3-11 years, weight range 10-40 kg) were treated with @entity2059 oral solution 10 mg/mL given as pulse therapy for @entity3100 . The dosage regimen was 3 mg/kg per day given once daily in a fasting state with each pulse lasting 1 week. The first two pulses were separated by a 2-week off-drug period, and the second and third pulses had a 3-week period without drug between them. For each @entity1 a second and third pulse were administered if there was clinical evidence of @entity3100 at the time-point when the next pulse was due. The overall severity of @entity3100 at pretherapy was classified as mild, moderate or severe with the aetiology being: Trichophyton tonsurans, 24 @entity1 ; T. violaceum, two @entity1 and @entity14476 , one @entity1 . In 19 evaluable @entity1 , 12 weeks after starting therapy, the numbers of pulses of @entity2059 oral solution required to produce complete cure were, according to the severity of disease, mild @entity3100 (one pulse: four @entity1 ; two pulses: five), moderate disease (one pulse: two @entity1 ; two pulses: two; three pulses: two), and severe disease (three pulses: three @entity1 ). One @entity1 with moderate severity @entity3100 was clinically clear after three pulses of therapy but mycological examination was positive. Seven @entity1 were lost to follow-up and one discontinued therapy because of @entity390 . @entity2059 oral solution 3 mg/kg per day was generally well tolerated. Three @entity1 developed gastrointestinal adverse effects which were considered to be minor or 'nuisance' effects. The data from this preliminary report need to be confirmed in a larger group of @entity1 . It remains to be seen whether @entity2059 oral solution will become a practical alternative to the antifungal agents available in a liquid preparation for the treatment of @entity3100 .

title: @entity2059 oral solution for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['tinea capitis']

entities_list: @entity14476 :: ('63405', 'Species') :: ['Microsporum canis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole', 'itraconazole']

answer: @entity3100 :: (MESH:D014006,Disease) :: ['tinea capitis']


abstract: Twenty-seven @entity1 (12 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 , age range 3-11 years, weight range 10-40 kg) were treated with @entity2059 oral solution 10 mg/mL given as pulse therapy for @entity3100 . The dosage regimen was 3 mg/kg per day given once daily in a fasting state with each pulse lasting 1 week. The first two pulses were separated by a 2-week off-drug period, and the second and third pulses had a 3-week period without drug between them. For each @entity1 a second and third pulse were administered if there was clinical evidence of @entity3100 at the time-point when the next pulse was due. The overall severity of @entity3100 at pretherapy was classified as mild, moderate or severe with the aetiology being: Trichophyton tonsurans, 24 @entity1 ; T. violaceum, two @entity1 and @entity14476 , one @entity1 . In 19 evaluable @entity1 , 12 weeks after starting therapy, the numbers of pulses of @entity2059 oral solution required to produce complete cure were, according to the severity of disease, mild @entity3100 (one pulse: four @entity1 ; two pulses: five), moderate disease (one pulse: two @entity1 ; two pulses: two; three pulses: two), and severe disease (three pulses: three @entity1 ). One @entity1 with moderate severity @entity3100 was clinically clear after three pulses of therapy but mycological examination was positive. Seven @entity1 were lost to follow-up and one discontinued therapy because of @entity390 . @entity2059 oral solution 3 mg/kg per day was generally well tolerated. Three @entity1 developed gastrointestinal adverse effects which were considered to be minor or 'nuisance' effects. The data from this preliminary report need to be confirmed in a larger group of @entity1 . It remains to be seen whether @entity2059 oral solution will become a practical alternative to the antifungal agents available in a liquid preparation for the treatment of @entity3100 .

title: XXXX oral solution for the treatment of @entity3100 .

answer: @entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['Itraconazole']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of infrared thermography (IRT) images as a tool for monitoring body surface temperature and to study its relationship with residual feed intake (RFI) in Nellore @entity291 . We also evaluated IRT as an indicator of feed efficiency in @entity7040 @entity291 . In this study, 144 Nellore steers were fed high-concentrate diets for 70  days to evaluate feedlot performance. We examined nine animals classified as high RFI and nine animals classified as low RFI by measuring @entity5584 ( @entity5584 ), respiratory frequency (RF), and IRT in the front, eye, @entity2194 , cheek, flank, ribs, rump, and front feet. The measurements were taken at 0700, 1200, and 1600 hours. The IRT temperatures measured at the eye, cheek, flank, ribs, rump, and front feet were positively associated with RF and @entity5584 . These results indicate that increases in the temperatures are associated with increased RF and @entity5584 . There was an effect in the RFI group in the front region where IRT correlates with @entity5584 . The front IRT for high-RFI @entity291 was lower (P   <   0.01) than that for low-RFI @entity291 . The higher skin temperature measured by IRT for animals in the RFI group may be related to improved efficiency of thermoregulatory mechanisms because the @entity5584 remained lower in the low-RFI group. IRT can be used in the head for studies related to RFI in beef @entity291 .

title: Infrared thermography as a tool to evaluate body surface temperature and its relationship with feed efficiency in XXXX @entity291 in tropical conditions.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular area']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['rectal temperature', 'RT']

answer: @entity7040 :: (9915,Species) :: ['Bos indicus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of infrared thermography (IRT) images as a tool for monitoring body surface temperature and to study its relationship with residual feed intake (RFI) in Nellore @entity291 . We also evaluated IRT as an indicator of feed efficiency in @entity7040 @entity291 . In this study, 144 Nellore steers were fed high-concentrate diets for 70  days to evaluate feedlot performance. We examined nine animals classified as high RFI and nine animals classified as low RFI by measuring @entity5584 ( @entity5584 ), respiratory frequency (RF), and IRT in the front, eye, @entity2194 , cheek, flank, ribs, rump, and front feet. The measurements were taken at 0700, 1200, and 1600 hours. The IRT temperatures measured at the eye, cheek, flank, ribs, rump, and front feet were positively associated with RF and @entity5584 . These results indicate that increases in the temperatures are associated with increased RF and @entity5584 . There was an effect in the RFI group in the front region where IRT correlates with @entity5584 . The front IRT for high-RFI @entity291 was lower (P   <   0.01) than that for low-RFI @entity291 . The higher skin temperature measured by IRT for animals in the RFI group may be related to improved efficiency of thermoregulatory mechanisms because the @entity5584 remained lower in the low-RFI group. IRT can be used in the head for studies related to RFI in beef @entity291 .

title: Infrared thermography as a tool to evaluate body surface temperature and its relationship with feed efficiency in @entity7040 XXXX in tropical conditions.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Psoralens linked to triplex-forming oligonucleotides (psoTFOs) have been used in conjunction with laser-induced two-photon excitation (TPE) to damage a specific DNA target sequence. To demonstrate that TPE can initiate photochemistry resulting in psoralen-DNA photoadducts, target DNA sequences were incubated with psoTFOs to form triple-helical complexes and then irradiated in liquid solution with pulsed 765-nm laser light, which is half the quantum energy required for conventional one-photon excitation, as used in psoralen + UV A radiation (320-400 nm) therapy. Target DNA acquired strand-specific psoralen monoadducts in a light dose-dependent fashion. To localize DNA damage in a model tissue-like medium, a DNA-psoTFO mixture was prepared in a @entity2975 gel and then irradiated with a converging laser beam targeting the rear of the gel. The highest number of photoadducts formed at the rear while relatively sparing DNA at the front of the gel, demonstrating spatial localization of sequence-specific DNA damage by TPE. To assess whether TPE treatment could be extended to cells without significant @entity137 , cultured monolayers of normal @entity1 dermal fibroblasts were incubated with @entity4463 -labeled psoralen without TFO to maximize detectable damage and irradiated by TPE. DNA from irradiated cells treated with psoralen exhibited a 4- to 7-fold increase in @entity4463 activity relative to untreated controls. Functional survival assays indicated that the psoralen- @entity25642 treatment was not toxic to cells. These results demonstrate that DNA damage can be simultaneously manipulated at the @entity377 level and in three dimensions. This approach for targeting photochemical DNA damage may have photochemotherapeutic applications in skin and other optically accessible tissues.

title: Spatially localized generation of XXXX sequence-specific DNA damage.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4463 :: ('CHEBI:29304', 'Chemical') :: ['tritium']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: The unique chromatin signature of @entity2828 cells is fundamental to the pluripotency and differentiation of @entity2828 cells. One key feature is the poised chromatin state of master developmental genes that are transcriptionally repressed in @entity2828 cells but ready to be activated in response to differentiation signals. Poised chromatin in @entity2828 cells contains both H3 Lys-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and H3 Lys-27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) methylation, indicating activating and repressing potential. However, the contribution of non-covalent chromatin structure to the poised state is not well understood. To address whether remodeling of nucleosomes is important to the poised state, we characterized the function of @entity10161 , a key regulatory subunit of the @entity2828 cell @entity855 -dependent @entity27044 ( @entity27044 ) chromatin remodeling complex (esBAF). Acute deletion of @entity10161 disrupted the differentiation potential of @entity2828 cells by altering the expression timing of key developmental genes and pluripotent genes. Our genome-wide nucleosome and histone modification analyses indicated that the disruption of gene expression timing was largely due to changes of chromatin structures at poised genes, particularly those key developmental genes mediated by @entity10161 . Specifically, @entity10161 deletion caused a nucleosome occupancy increase at H3K4me3- and/or H3K27me3-associated promoters. Moreover, H3K27me3 levels and the number of bivalent promoter genes were reduced in @entity10161 KO @entity2828 cells. We revealed that @entity10161 ablation led to elevated @entity23423 but reduced @entity38612 recruitment at nucleosome occupancy-increased regions, indicating an unexpected and complicated role of @entity10161 in regulating esBAF and Polycomb repressive complex (PRC) activities. Together, our studies identified that @entity10161 mediates esBAF and PRC functions to establish the poised chromatin configuration in @entity2828 cells, which is essential for the proper differentiation of @entity2828 cells.

title: XXXX Protein Regulates Nucleosome Occupancy and Histone Modifications in Priming Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation.

entities_list: @entity27044 :: ('8815', 'Gene') :: ['Brahma-associated factor', 'BAF']

answer: @entity10161 :: (8289,Gene) :: ['BAF250a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A retrospective analysis of 28 cases of duodenal @entity378 ( @entity378 ) was done to evaluate radiological findings and their value in the diagnosis of the disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Upper gastrointestinal and small bowel series of 28 @entity1 with duodenal @entity378 were analysed for radiological findings. The diagnosis of duodenal @entity378 was confirmed by surgery and biopsy in 18, on the basis of radiological findings and response to treatment in 9, and on the basis of findings on upper gastrointestinal scopy and biopsy in 1 @entity1 . RESULTS: The study included 28 @entity1 (14 males, 14 females). The mean age was 32.1 (range 5-65). Twenty-three (82.2%) @entity1 presented with obstructive symptoms while five manifested with @entity1109 . Of the latter, 4 had @entity1066 in the third and fourth parts of the duodenum. In the remaining @entity1 , the mucosa of the duodenum could not be clearly visualised. Two @entity1 had extrinsic impression at the D2-D3 and D3-D4 segments. In 23 @entity1 with obstructive symptoms, 18 demonstrated luminal narrowing of varying degrees and 5 had a sharp band-like cut-off at the third part of the duodenum. Of the 18 @entity1 with luminal narrowing, 13 had extrinsic compression, 12 had proximal dilatation and 14 had @entity1066 mainly in the second and third parts of the duodenum. Biliary involvement was seen in 3 @entity1 without any signs or symptoms directly referable to the biliary involvement. CONCLUSION: Though duodenal @entity378 lacks specific radiological features, barium studies help to localise and define the area of narrowing and @entity1066 and help to confirm the presence of lymph nodes causing compression of the duodenum.

title: Duodenal XXXX : radiological features on barium studies and their clinical correlation in 28 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['dyspeptic symptoms']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of maternal pregestational @entity164 1 @entity6 on offspring primary school performance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a prospective combined clinical and register-based cohort study comparing primary school performance in offspring (n = 707) of @entity1 with pregestational @entity164 1 @entity6 with matched control offspring (n = 60,341). We also examined the association between HbA1c levels during pregnancy and later school performance among offspring born to @entity1 with pregestational @entity164 1 @entity6 . RESULTS: Offspring of mothers with pregestational @entity164 1 @entity6 obtained similar school grades as control offspring when finishing primary school (regression coefficient [b] = -0.13; 95% CI = -0.30 to 0.03; P = 0.12). Adjusting for parental education also resulted in an insignificant difference between the two groups (b = -0.07; 95% CI = -0.23 to 0.09; P = 0.37). Among offspring of @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 , increasing maternal @entity4051 c pregestationally and throughout the pregnancy was associated with lower average school grades. Offspring born to mothers with good glycemic control in the third trimester obtained higher average school grades compared with control offspring. The opposite applied to offspring born to mothers with inadequate glycemic control, who obtained significantly lower average school grades compared with control offspring. CONCLUSIONS: Offspring of mothers with pregestational @entity164 1 @entity6 obtained similar average grades when finishing primary school compared with matched control offspring. Among offspring of @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 , we found a consistent negative association between maternal HbA1c in pregnancy and primary school grades. However, whether this association reflects a direct causal influence of intrauterine @entity4854 is uncertain.

title: Academic Achievement in Primary School in Offspring Born to Mothers With Type 1 XXXX (the EPICOM Study): A Register-Based Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: It has been reported that @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) is an apoptosis inducer and radiation sensitizer for various @entity5 cell lines. In this study of @entity0 @entity1 , we examined the combined effect of topical @entity9188 and radiation therapy on fungating and/or skin-infiltrating lesions of @entity0 . The dermatological, @entity344 of the treatment were also monitored. @entity9188 gel (0.05%) was applied to @entity5 lesions 1 h prior to delivery of each fraction, with the gel removed about 5 min before the irradiation. Superficial radiation was delivered using an electron beam from a linear accelerator. Every week, the @entity5 lesions were photographed to evaluate effectiveness, and blood was sampled to monitor changes in hemogram and biochemical profile. Seven @entity0 @entity1 with cutaneous @entity3 were enrolled in this study. In terms of @entity5 , the rates for complete, partial response and stable disease were 42.9 (three of seven), 42.9 (three of seven) and 14.3% (one of seven), respectively. The skin @entity158 , assessed by a visual analog scale, and secretion from all of the seven superficial and fungating wounds decreased markedly after treatment. Significant @entity236 or granulocytosis was not noted. Further, changes in renal and hepatic function were also not significant. It seems reasonable to conclude that @entity9188 may be an effective and safe radiosensitizer for palliative radiotherapy for skin-infiltrating lesions of @entity0 .

title: Combined effect of topical XXXX and radiation therapy on skin-infiltrating lesions of @entity0 -a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal, hematological, renal and hepatic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['arsenic trioxide']


abstract: It has been reported that @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) is an apoptosis inducer and radiation sensitizer for various @entity5 cell lines. In this study of @entity0 @entity1 , we examined the combined effect of topical @entity9188 and radiation therapy on fungating and/or skin-infiltrating lesions of @entity0 . The dermatological, @entity344 of the treatment were also monitored. @entity9188 gel (0.05%) was applied to @entity5 lesions 1 h prior to delivery of each fraction, with the gel removed about 5 min before the irradiation. Superficial radiation was delivered using an electron beam from a linear accelerator. Every week, the @entity5 lesions were photographed to evaluate effectiveness, and blood was sampled to monitor changes in hemogram and biochemical profile. Seven @entity0 @entity1 with cutaneous @entity3 were enrolled in this study. In terms of @entity5 , the rates for complete, partial response and stable disease were 42.9 (three of seven), 42.9 (three of seven) and 14.3% (one of seven), respectively. The skin @entity158 , assessed by a visual analog scale, and secretion from all of the seven superficial and fungating wounds decreased markedly after treatment. Significant @entity236 or granulocytosis was not noted. Further, changes in renal and hepatic function were also not significant. It seems reasonable to conclude that @entity9188 may be an effective and safe radiosensitizer for palliative radiotherapy for skin-infiltrating lesions of @entity0 .

title: Combined effect of topical @entity4447 and radiation therapy on skin-infiltrating lesions of XXXX -a pilot study.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity11331 dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD 2) converts active @entity701 to inactive @entity821 and thus modifies the availability of glucocorticoids for the target tissue. An additional function is the protection of the @entity1369 receptor in mineralocorticoid-sensitive tissues such as the kidney and the gut. The occurrence of 11beta-HSD 2 activity was investigated in several species. Data for the @entity1707 , however, so far are missing. The activity was determined by a radio-enzyme-assay based on the conversion of tritiated @entity701 to @entity821 under standardized incubation conditions in supernatants of homogenates prepared from tissues of four castrates. Tissues comprised several locations along the intestinal tract and in addition kidney, lung, muscle, heart, spleen and pancreas. Highest values of the enzyme activity were found in kidney and very low activities in lung tissue but no activity in muscle, spleen, heart and pancreas. In the gut, there was a continuous increase in enzyme activity from the duodenum (0.60 pmol x min(- 1) x mg protein(- 1)) towards the colon with maximum values in the colon transversum (23.32 pmol x min(- 1) x mg protein(- 1)). In the colon the activity was 10-fold higher than in jejunum and 3-fold higher compared to ileum. The activities did not differ significantly between the colon transversum and colon descendens.

title: Activities of @entity11331 dehydrogenase 2 in different regions of the intestinal tract of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity11331 :: ('CHEBI:35346', 'Chemical') :: ['11beta-Hydroxysteroid']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: @entity11331 dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD 2) converts active @entity701 to inactive @entity821 and thus modifies the availability of glucocorticoids for the target tissue. An additional function is the protection of the @entity1369 receptor in mineralocorticoid-sensitive tissues such as the kidney and the gut. The occurrence of 11beta-HSD 2 activity was investigated in several species. Data for the @entity1707 , however, so far are missing. The activity was determined by a radio-enzyme-assay based on the conversion of tritiated @entity701 to @entity821 under standardized incubation conditions in supernatants of homogenates prepared from tissues of four castrates. Tissues comprised several locations along the intestinal tract and in addition kidney, lung, muscle, heart, spleen and pancreas. Highest values of the enzyme activity were found in kidney and very low activities in lung tissue but no activity in muscle, spleen, heart and pancreas. In the gut, there was a continuous increase in enzyme activity from the duodenum (0.60 pmol x min(- 1) x mg protein(- 1)) towards the colon with maximum values in the colon transversum (23.32 pmol x min(- 1) x mg protein(- 1)). In the colon the activity was 10-fold higher than in jejunum and 3-fold higher compared to ileum. The activities did not differ significantly between the colon transversum and colon descendens.

title: Activities of XXXX dehydrogenase 2 in different regions of the intestinal tract of @entity1707 .

answer: @entity11331 :: (CHEBI:35346,Chemical) :: ['11beta-hydroxysteroid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Operon-encoded essential bacterial genes are particularly challenging to study independently because of coordinated gene expression and the non-viability of knock-out mutants. Essentiality scores for many operon genes remain uncertain. Antisense RNA (asRNA) silencing or in-frame gene-disruption of genes may help establish essentiality, but can lead to polar effects on genes downstream or upstream of the target gene. Here, the @entity526 ribF-ileS-lspA-fkpB-ispH operon was used to evaluate the possibility of independently studying an essential gene using expressed asRNA and target gene overexpression to deregulate coupled expression. Gene requirement for growth in conditional silencing strains was determined by the relationship of target mRNA reduction with growth inhibition, as a minimum transcript level 50 (MTL50) value. @entity23782 and @entity14241 , the protein inhibitors of IleS and LspA, respectively, were used in sensitization assays of strains containing both asRNA-expressing and ORF-expressing plasmids to examine deregulation of the overlapping ileS-lspA genes. We found upstream and downstream polar silencing effects when either ileS or lspA was silenced, indicating coupled expression. Weighted MTL50 mean and SD values of ribF, ileS, and lspA were 0.65    0.18, 0.64    0.06, and 0.76    0.10, respectively. However, they were not significantly different (p = 0.71, weighted one-way ANOVA). Gene requirement for ispH could not be determined due to @entity851 . @entity23782 and @entity14241 sensitization experiments indicated that ileS-lspA expression could not be decoupled. The results highlight the inherent challenges associated with genetic analyses of operons; however, coupling of essential genes may provide opportunities to improve RNA silencing antimicrobials.

title: Silencing of essential genes within a highly coordinated operon in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity23782 :: ('MESH:D016712', 'Chemical') :: ['Mupirocin']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['insufficient growth reduction']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity14241 :: ('MESH:C017339', 'Chemical') :: ['globomycin']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Results of treatment of 10,724 @entity1 with different forms of acute and chronic @entity2679 are analyzed. Surgical treatment was performed in 7819 (72.9%) @entity1 . Variants of treatment of acute and chronic @entity2679 are presented. Typical cholecystectomy is the basic surgery in @entity1 with acute @entity2679 (63% procedures). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCE) was performed in 37% @entity1 . Two-stage surgeries with previous microcholecystostomy (MCS) and endoscopic papilloshincterotomy (EPST) are indicated in late hospitalization of @entity1 with intoxication and severe @entity66 . They permit to prepare @entity1 for cholecystectomy and to decrease scope of surgery. In @entity2963 and @entity1087 EPST and MCS are indicated for almost all @entity1 as a preliminary procedure before surgery on the biliary tract and cholecystectomy. This two-stage variant permitted to reduce @entity86 from 9.7 to 1.6%. In chronic @entity2679 LCE is the main type of surgery with minimal @entity86 . For @entity1 with recurrent @entity2679 , frequent exacerbations, severe @entity66 EPST in @entity2877 and sanation of gall bladder through @entity292 are indicated.

title: [Treatment of XXXX and its complications].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant diseases']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis', 'calculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative lethality']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['calculous cholecystitis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility of laparoscopic single-incision myomectomy using new technology. DESIGN: A step-by-step video demonstrating our technique for accomplishing a laparoscopic single-site myomectomy of a large intramural @entity1868 . SETTING: Single institution. INTERVENTIONS: @entity302 ( @entity302 ) has been shown to have similar outcomes to multiport laparoscopy but with superior cosmetic results [1,2] but has traditionally been associated with an increased learning curve, primarily because of poor ergonomics and instrument collisions, lack of triangulation, and, until recently, inadequate instrumentation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We present a case of laparoscopic single-site myomectomy of an 11-cm intramural @entity1868 . This video was exempt from institutional review board review at our institution. @entity302 has traditionally been associated with poor ergonomics; however, we found that the articulating Enseal G2 Articulating Tissue Sealer (Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Blue Ash, @entity2145 ) enables completion of complex surgical procedures not traditionally associated with single-site laparoscopy. This video demonstrates our technique to successfully accomplish a single-site laparoscopic myomectomy including the importance of vertical closure with V-Loc (Covidien, New Haven, CT) at the surgical site. CONCLUSION: We found that the articulating Enseal enables a single-incision laparoscopic myomectomy to be performed with only minimal modifications on multiport surgery techniques. We were able to successfully perform a myomectomy on an 11-cm intramural @entity1868 with excellent cosmetic results.

title: Laparoscopic Single-Site Myomectomy of 11-cm Intramural XXXX .

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['SILS', 'Single-incision laparoscopic surgery']

answer: @entity1868 :: (MESH:D009214,Disease) :: ['Myoma']


abstract: @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) is characterized by autodestruction of enterocytes after exposure of genetically susceptible individuals to dietary gluten. To define the transport pathways of proteins involved in the celiac immune response, we wished to determine the subcellular compartments of the intestinal mucosa where @entity3505 gliadin peptides colocalize with receptors of T lymphocytes, including alpha/beta-TCR, gamma/delta-TCR, and @entity405 . Semithin and ultrathin frozen section of jejunal biopsies from @entity1593 @entity1 and controls were used to perform immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling as well as in situ hybridization experiments. In @entity1 with active @entity1593 , we detected gliadin peptides in vacuoles and Golgi complexes of enterocytes. @entity405 , alpha/beta-TCR, and gamma/delta-TCR were found in vacuoles and Golgi complexes within these gliadin-containing enterocytes in addition to the surface of intraepithelial and mucosal T lymphocytes. In contrast, we observed that the localization of @entity404 , CD3, @entity784 ( @entity784 ), and @entity8116 ( @entity8116 ) was restricted to lymphocytes in @entity1593 @entity1 . We further detected labeling signals for gliadin peptides, @entity405 /beta-TCR, and gamma/delta-TCR at the basal membrane of enterocytes that were interdigitated by extensions of lymphocytes. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that @entity405 and gamma/delta-TCR were not expressed by @entity1593 enterocytes. We conclude that @entity405 /beta-TCR, and gamma/delta-TCR are targeted to Golgi complexes and vacuoles of small intestinal enterocytes in active @entity1593 . The observed process may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1593 enterocytes. We propose a mechanism for the uptake of @entity405 /beta-TCR, and gamma/delta-TCR by the basolateral membrane of small intestinal enterocytes.

title: Targeting of gliadin peptides, XXXX /beta-TCR, and gamma/delta-TCR to Golgi complexes and vacuoles within celiac disease enterocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['Celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity8116 :: ('MESH:D007960', 'Disease') :: ['leukocyte common antigen', 'LCA']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['TIA', 'T cell-restricted intracellular antigen']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8, alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonfunctional @entity788 (NF-PNETs) are rare @entity5 with highly variable outcome. Current guidelines recommend surveillance for small @entity5 ( <=2  cm), but a scientific basis for such recommendation is scarce. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent surgery for NF-PNET during 2001-2013 were identified from a prospectively maintained database and reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 that had undergone an operative procedure for NF-PNET were identified. Forty-one @entity1 (71%) were symptomatic. Median size of the @entity5 was 2.5  cm (range 0.9-12.0  cm). WHO 2010 grade was predictive of both overall- and disease-free survival (P  <  .001), whereas size alone was not. Twenty-four @entity1 had a small NF-PNET ( <=2  cm), of whom 16 were symptomatic and 8 asymptomatic. Seven @entity1 with small symptomatic NF-PNETs showed signs of malignant behavior: 4 had lymph node metastases, 1 had liver metastases before surgery, 3 developed liver metastases, and 3 died of the disease. All 7 @entity1 had either bile duct or @entity788 or both on preoperative imaging. On the contrary, @entity1 with small asymptomatic NF-PNETs did not develop distant metastases nor died of disease. CONCLUSION: The 2010 grading system from the World Health Organization can be used to predict survival. Symptomatic small NF-PNETs that caused bile and/or @entity788 had poor outcome. In contrast, asymptomatic small NF-PNETs seem to have benign course, and are candidates for surveillance.

title: Outcomes of resected nonfunctional XXXX : Do size and symptoms matter?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'pancreatic duct obstruction']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: @entity253 occur not only in the choledochus but also everywhere in the biliary tree, and are frequently accompanied by pancreatobiliary malunion. Alonso-Lej and colleagues first classified choledochal cysts into three types, in 1959. Due to the recognition of @entity9744 , we refined their classification into six types, in 1977, and this has become the reference. However, this classification does not include the concept of pancreatobiliary malunion and has caused some @entity911 , especially in regard to types Ic and @entity3480 . Type Ic, showing fusiform dilatation, has a pancreatobiliary malunion and often extends continuously to the intrahepatic duct. @entity3480 , with @entity9744 , shows primary ductal stricture, especially around the hepatic hilum and umbilicus. The incidence of the stricture is considerably greater than was previously assumed, and upstream intrahepatic ducts often join the dilated duct, with distinct caliber change. @entity384 may develop primarily, due to the stricture, combined with weakness of the duct wall. This stricture can be corrected by portal dissection in the liver to obtain a large @entity254 . In @entity1 with @entity9744 , we should carefully find the stricture by suitable cholangiograms, or by intraoperative cholangioscopy. Detecting the ductal stricture is obviously important, rather than classifying the cyst as type Ic or @entity3480 .

title: Classification of congenital XXXX : special reference to type Ic and @entity3480 with primary ductal stricture.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Intrahepatic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital biliary cysts']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic involvement']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary cystic disease']


abstract: @entity253 occur not only in the choledochus but also everywhere in the biliary tree, and are frequently accompanied by pancreatobiliary malunion. Alonso-Lej and colleagues first classified choledochal cysts into three types, in 1959. Due to the recognition of @entity9744 , we refined their classification into six types, in 1977, and this has become the reference. However, this classification does not include the concept of pancreatobiliary malunion and has caused some @entity911 , especially in regard to types Ic and @entity3480 . Type Ic, showing fusiform dilatation, has a pancreatobiliary malunion and often extends continuously to the intrahepatic duct. @entity3480 , with @entity9744 , shows primary ductal stricture, especially around the hepatic hilum and umbilicus. The incidence of the stricture is considerably greater than was previously assumed, and upstream intrahepatic ducts often join the dilated duct, with distinct caliber change. @entity384 may develop primarily, due to the stricture, combined with weakness of the duct wall. This stricture can be corrected by portal dissection in the liver to obtain a large @entity254 . In @entity1 with @entity9744 , we should carefully find the stricture by suitable cholangiograms, or by intraoperative cholangioscopy. Detecting the ductal stricture is obviously important, rather than classifying the cyst as type Ic or @entity3480 .

title: Classification of congenital @entity253 : special reference to type Ic and XXXX with primary ductal stricture.

answer: @entity3480 :: (MESH:C538167,Disease) :: ['IVA cysts']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Early @entity2319 can reshape deprived auditory regions to enable the processing of signals from the remaining intact sensory modalities. Cross-modal activation has been observed in auditory regions during non-auditory tasks in early deaf subjects. In hearing subjects, @entity227 can evoke activation of the visual cortex, which further contributes to behavioural performance. In early deaf subjects, however, whether and how auditory regions participate in @entity227 remains unclear. We hypothesized that auditory regions may be @entity227 processing and activation of auditory regions may contribute to the superior behavioural performance of early deaf subjects. In this study, 41 early deaf subjects (22 females and 19 males, age range: 20-26 years, age of onset of @entity2319 < 2 years) and 40 age- and gender-matched hearing controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a visuo-spatial delayed recognition task that consisted of encoding, maintenance and recognition stages. The early deaf subjects exhibited faster reaction times on the spatial working memory task than did the hearing controls. Compared with hearing controls, deaf subjects exhibited increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally during the recognition stage. This increased activation amplitude predicted faster and more accurate working memory performance in deaf subjects. Deaf subjects also had increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally during the maintenance stage and in the right superior temporal gyrus during the encoding stage. These increased activation amplitude also predicted faster reaction times on the spatial working memory task in deaf subjects. These findings suggest that cross-modal plasticity occurs in auditory association areas in early deaf subjects. These areas are involved in @entity2414 . Furthermore, amplitudes of cross-modal activation during the maintenance stage were positively correlated with the age of onset of hearing aid use and were negatively correlated with the percentage of lifetime hearing aid use in deaf subjects. These findings suggest that earlier and longer hearing aid use may inhibit cross-modal reorganization in early deaf subjects. Granger causality analysis revealed that, compared to the hearing controls, the deaf subjects had an enhanced net causal flow from the frontal eye field to the superior temporal gyrus. These findings indicate that a top-down mechanism may better account for the cross-modal activation of auditory regions in early deaf subjects.

title: Cross-modal activation of auditory regions during XXXX in early @entity2319 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['involved in visual working memory', 'visual working memory']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['visuo-spatial working memory']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['visuo-spatial working memory']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Early @entity2319 can reshape deprived auditory regions to enable the processing of signals from the remaining intact sensory modalities. Cross-modal activation has been observed in auditory regions during non-auditory tasks in early deaf subjects. In hearing subjects, @entity227 can evoke activation of the visual cortex, which further contributes to behavioural performance. In early deaf subjects, however, whether and how auditory regions participate in @entity227 remains unclear. We hypothesized that auditory regions may be @entity227 processing and activation of auditory regions may contribute to the superior behavioural performance of early deaf subjects. In this study, 41 early deaf subjects (22 females and 19 males, age range: 20-26 years, age of onset of @entity2319 < 2 years) and 40 age- and gender-matched hearing controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a visuo-spatial delayed recognition task that consisted of encoding, maintenance and recognition stages. The early deaf subjects exhibited faster reaction times on the spatial working memory task than did the hearing controls. Compared with hearing controls, deaf subjects exhibited increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally during the recognition stage. This increased activation amplitude predicted faster and more accurate working memory performance in deaf subjects. Deaf subjects also had increased activation in the superior temporal gyrus bilaterally during the maintenance stage and in the right superior temporal gyrus during the encoding stage. These increased activation amplitude also predicted faster reaction times on the spatial working memory task in deaf subjects. These findings suggest that cross-modal plasticity occurs in auditory association areas in early deaf subjects. These areas are involved in @entity2414 . Furthermore, amplitudes of cross-modal activation during the maintenance stage were positively correlated with the age of onset of hearing aid use and were negatively correlated with the percentage of lifetime hearing aid use in deaf subjects. These findings suggest that earlier and longer hearing aid use may inhibit cross-modal reorganization in early deaf subjects. Granger causality analysis revealed that, compared to the hearing controls, the deaf subjects had an enhanced net causal flow from the frontal eye field to the superior temporal gyrus. These findings indicate that a top-down mechanism may better account for the cross-modal activation of auditory regions in early deaf subjects.

title: Cross-modal activation of auditory regions during @entity2414 in early XXXX .

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['deafness']


abstract: The glutamatergic system has received considerable attention over recent years as a potential target for anxiolytic drugs. In spite of the pronounced anxiolytic-like effects of competitive and non-competitive antagonists of @entity143 receptors in animal models of @entity148 , these substances can not be regarded as potential anxiolytic drugs, mainly due to their side-effect profiles (eg, @entity2055 , myorelaxation, @entity73 processes and psychotomimetic effects). Antagonists and partial agonists of the @entity2228 , receptor inhibit function of the @entity143 receptor complex and evoke in animals an anxiolytic-like response. Although data concerning anti- @entity148 -like effects of @entity2228 , receptor antagonists are not very promising, studies are underway to develop new, brain-penetrating agents devoid of side effects. Further developments are necessary to more fully elucidate the possible involvement of @entity140 / @entity4176 receptors in @entity148 . The recent discovery of metabotropic @entity2227 receptors, which modulate the function of the glutamatergic system, offers new hope for discovery of a new generation of anxiolytics. @entity12370 , a highly selective, brain penetrable, noncompetitive mGlu5 receptor antagonist, evokes anxiolytic-like effects in several animal models of @entity148 , remaining remarkably free of side effects. @entity13288 , a selective brain-penetrable group II mGlu receptor agonist, evokes marked anxiolytic-like effects in animal models of @entity148 . @entity13288 causes mild sedation in @entity19 , does not disturb motor coordination and has no potential to cause @entity734 . Therefore mGlu receptor ligands may become the anxiolytics of the future, free from the side effects characteristic of @entity1245 .

title: XXXX receptor ligands as anxiolytics.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of learning and memory']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['Glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity43 ( @entity43 ), a serious complication of @entity4134 , often require the antibiotic administration, surgical resection or the transvaginal aspiration. Pneumoperitoneum is often associated with the bowel perforation. We reported one case with @entity43 and @entity516 that have been mistaken for a perforated bowel with concomitant @entity4134 . CASE: A 30-year-old @entity6 Chinese @entity1 was transferred for diffused @entity490 , mild @entity221 , @entity390 , and low-grade @entity221 for 5 days. The sonography revealed a 5-cm @entity4134 . The chest X-rays revealed the @entity516 . Under the impression of bowel perforation and concomitant @entity4134 , the emergent laparotomy was performed and the @entity43 was resected. No evidence of @entity344 was present. Culture studies showed @entity526 without other bacteria flora. The postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSION: We concluded that, beside the bowel perforation, @entity43 should be considered when a @entity6 @entity1 presents with @entity516 and @entity4134 .

title: XXXX presenting as @entity516 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Tubo-ovarian abscess', 'TOA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal perforation']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic inflammatory disease', 'adnexal cyst', 'adnexal mass']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Tubo-ovarian abscess']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity43 ( @entity43 ), a serious complication of @entity4134 , often require the antibiotic administration, surgical resection or the transvaginal aspiration. Pneumoperitoneum is often associated with the bowel perforation. We reported one case with @entity43 and @entity516 that have been mistaken for a perforated bowel with concomitant @entity4134 . CASE: A 30-year-old @entity6 Chinese @entity1 was transferred for diffused @entity490 , mild @entity221 , @entity390 , and low-grade @entity221 for 5 days. The sonography revealed a 5-cm @entity4134 . The chest X-rays revealed the @entity516 . Under the impression of bowel perforation and concomitant @entity4134 , the emergent laparotomy was performed and the @entity43 was resected. No evidence of @entity344 was present. Culture studies showed @entity526 without other bacteria flora. The postoperative course was uneventful. CONCLUSION: We concluded that, beside the bowel perforation, @entity43 should be considered when a @entity6 @entity1 presents with @entity516 and @entity4134 .

title: @entity43 presenting as XXXX .

answer: @entity516 :: (MESH:D011027,Disease) :: ['pneumoperitoneum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonparasitic @entity45 (NPSCs) are uncommon lesions of the spleen, many being reported in anecdotal fashion. Early classifications of this disorder have been based on the presence or absence of an epithelial lining, indicating either a congenital or traumatic etiology. This criterion has led to @entity911 and mistaken reporting because the lining alone is not a reliable criterion. STUDY DESIGN: Over a 28-year period, the author has observed and studied 23 @entity1 with NPSC. Special attention has been given to the role of @entity130 in the history, the nature (or absence) of a cyst lining, the gross pathology, and the preferred method of treatment. RESULTS: NPSC present as lesions with a very characteristic gross appearance and lining. The trabeculated interior can be lined with epidermoid, transitional, or mesothelial epithelium. Desquamation of the lining can lead to a spurious diagnosis, but careful search usually discloses the lining remnant. Although most NPSC in this series were treated by open partial splenectomy, the more recent approach by laparoscopic techniques offers great promise. CONCLUSIONS: A new classification of NPSC is offered, based on characteristic gross findings. NPSC are of congenital origin, with a lining derived from mesothelium. @entity130 does not play a primary role in pathogenesis. Cysts that are symptomatic or over 5 cm in diameter should be removed by partial splenectomy or near-total cystectomy "decapsulation," either by the open or laparoscopic approach.

title: Nonparasitic XXXX : pathogenesis, classification, and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['splenic cysts']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['splenic cysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Due to the advances of radiological methods, an increased number of incidentally detected @entity1358 is diagnosed. The reported excellent results of nephron-sparing surgery have promoted its application in @entity1 with a normal contralateral kidney. However, the risk of @entity5 recurrence and surgical complications after nephron-sparing surgery might be higher compared with radical nephrectomy. METHODS: In 89 @entity1 with @entity1358 treated with radical nephrectomy, long-term renal function, morbidity, and survival were evaluated. The renal function was followed up regularly with serum @entity1011 measurements. RESULTS: The cause-specific 5-year survival rate was 91.6%. There was neither local nor contralateral @entity703 recurrence in any @entity1 . Surgical complications were observed in 3% of the patients. Mean serum @entity1011 after the nephrectomy was 123 mumol/l without further increase during 10 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Radical nephrectomy of @entity1358 has low morbidity, excellent @entity5 control, and a high survival rate. For @entity1 with a normally functioning contralateral kidney the long-term renal function remained adequate. Based on these data, there is no convincing evidence justifying nephron-sparing surgery to be used routinely for @entity1 with a normally functioning contralateral kidney.

title: Radical nephrectomy is still preferable in the treatment of XXXX . A long-term follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'localized renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney tumor']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['localized renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 is frequent in surgical @entity1 with @entity299 . Radiofrequency energy applied by means of surgical probes permits the reproduction of atriotomies described in the maze surgical procedure for the ablation of @entity955 in a fast, safe and efficient way. This study presents our initial experience in treatment of chronic @entity955 through radiofrequency performed in @entity1 with surgical @entity299 . @entity1 AND METHOD: From June to November 2000, 10 @entity1 , with surgical indications of valvulopathy, were intraoperatively treated through radiofrequency for its @entity955 . Ablations were performed in the right auricle from the epicardium before starting extra corporeal circulation, and in the left auricle from the endocardium, while under circulation. Radiofrequency was applied through a surgical multielectrode probe. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (80%) presented some type of postoperative @entity943 , with relapse of @entity10689 in 3 @entity1 and flutter in another one. At discharge, none of the @entity1 presented relapse of chronic @entity955 . There was no in-hospital mortality. After a mean follow-up of 3 months (range 1-6), 8 @entity1 (80%) have recovered and maintained sinus rhythm. Only one @entity1 has re-established echocardiographic biatrial contraction. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative radiofrequency has allowed us to perform the @entity75 , in both auricles, in a simple way, with an initial effectiveness of 80%. Epicardial ablation of the right auricle was simple and safe. Although no @entity1 presented relapse of chronic @entity955 at hospital discharge, postoperative @entity943 have continued to be the main postsurgical problem.

title: [Surgery ablation of XXXX with epicardial and endocardial biauricular radiofrequency: initial experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['auricular lesions']

entities_list: @entity10689 :: ('MESH:C537182', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valvulopathies']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: In a replication and extension of previous research (Tenhula _ Sweet, 1996), the current study investigated the utility of the Category Test (CT) for detecting feigned @entity73 . Ninety-two undergraduate @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three groups and administered the CT. A Coached Simulator group was instructed to simulate @entity73 and was provided test-taking strategies to avoid detection. An Uncoached Simulator group was simply instructed to feign impairment. A control group was instructed to perform optimally. In addition, the CT results of 30 @entity131 ( @entity131 ) @entity1 were analyzed. The results largely supported the utility of five CT malingering indicators identified by Tenhula and Sweet: (a) number of errors on subtests I and II, (b) number of errors on subtest VII, (c) total @entity1062 , (d) number of errors on 19 "easy" items, and (e) number of criteria exceeded. Correct Classification rates of the five indicators for Uncoached Simulators and optimal performance controls ranged from 87% to 98%. Correct Classification rates for the @entity131 @entity1 ranged from 70% to 100%. In addition, significantly more Coached Simulators were misclassified as nonsimulators on four of the CT malingering indicators, relative to their Uncoached counterparts. A decision rule of > 1 error on subtests I and II was consistently the most accurate malingering indicator, regardless of degree of @entity15285 or presence of @entity131 . This indicator correctly classified 76% of all simulators and 100% of the optimal performance controls and @entity131 @entity1 . Implications of providing @entity1 with test-taking strategies and the utility of these CT malingering indicators for various populations are discussed.

title: Effects of XXXX on detecting feigned @entity73 with the Category test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity15285 :: (MESH:C536430,Disease) :: ['coaching']


abstract: In a replication and extension of previous research (Tenhula _ Sweet, 1996), the current study investigated the utility of the Category Test (CT) for detecting feigned @entity73 . Ninety-two undergraduate @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three groups and administered the CT. A Coached Simulator group was instructed to simulate @entity73 and was provided test-taking strategies to avoid detection. An Uncoached Simulator group was simply instructed to feign impairment. A control group was instructed to perform optimally. In addition, the CT results of 30 @entity131 ( @entity131 ) @entity1 were analyzed. The results largely supported the utility of five CT malingering indicators identified by Tenhula and Sweet: (a) number of errors on subtests I and II, (b) number of errors on subtest VII, (c) total @entity1062 , (d) number of errors on 19 "easy" items, and (e) number of criteria exceeded. Correct Classification rates of the five indicators for Uncoached Simulators and optimal performance controls ranged from 87% to 98%. Correct Classification rates for the @entity131 @entity1 ranged from 70% to 100%. In addition, significantly more Coached Simulators were misclassified as nonsimulators on four of the CT malingering indicators, relative to their Uncoached counterparts. A decision rule of > 1 error on subtests I and II was consistently the most accurate malingering indicator, regardless of degree of @entity15285 or presence of @entity131 . This indicator correctly classified 76% of all simulators and 100% of the optimal performance controls and @entity131 @entity1 . Implications of providing @entity1 with test-taking strategies and the utility of these CT malingering indicators for various populations are discussed.

title: Effects of @entity15285 on detecting feigned XXXX with the Category test.

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: Acute @entity2806 can be rapidly detected on diffusion-weighted images. The apparent diffusion coefficient ( @entity35925 ) depends on the stage of cytotoxic @entity4 and water content in the infarcted parenchyma. The purpose of this study is to determine the time course of @entity35925 during the first days of @entity385 . These data should make it possible to distinguish between multiple @entity64 and a single progressive @entity1188 . Eight @entity1 with clinically diagnosed @entity2806 were examined by diffusion-weighted MRI from 2 to 20 h after onset of symptoms. Daily control scans were performed for up to 10 days. @entity35925 values were analyzed from 55 MRI studies. Furthermore, @entity35925 was measured in the tissue which showed a hyperintense signal at the first examination and in the contralateral tissue. White and gray matter were analyzed separately. Data were expressed as the ratio @entity35925 ( @entity35925 ) of lesion to control region of interest. All @entity1 showed a uniform reduction in @entity35925 from the first hours of @entity64 and decreasing to the 3rd day. The @entity35925 increased again from the 4th day up to the point of pseudo-normalization on day 9. The gray matter showed a slightly faster increase than the white matter. @entity35925 shows significant changes in the first days after @entity64 , following a rather uniform time course. Together with T2-weighted MRI this makes it possible to differentiate between hyperacute, acute, and @entity64 . Furthermore, the age of an @entity63 can be determined and @entity64 can be distinguished from a single progressive @entity64 .

title: Serial analysis of the apparent diffusion coefficient time course in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['multiple strokes', 'stroke', 'chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemic injury', 'acute cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Acute @entity2806 can be rapidly detected on diffusion-weighted images. The apparent diffusion coefficient ( @entity35925 ) depends on the stage of cytotoxic @entity4 and water content in the infarcted parenchyma. The purpose of this study is to determine the time course of @entity35925 during the first days of @entity385 . These data should make it possible to distinguish between multiple @entity64 and a single progressive @entity1188 . Eight @entity1 with clinically diagnosed @entity2806 were examined by diffusion-weighted MRI from 2 to 20 h after onset of symptoms. Daily control scans were performed for up to 10 days. @entity35925 values were analyzed from 55 MRI studies. Furthermore, @entity35925 was measured in the tissue which showed a hyperintense signal at the first examination and in the contralateral tissue. White and gray matter were analyzed separately. Data were expressed as the ratio @entity35925 ( @entity35925 ) of lesion to control region of interest. All @entity1 showed a uniform reduction in @entity35925 from the first hours of @entity64 and decreasing to the 3rd day. The @entity35925 increased again from the 4th day up to the point of pseudo-normalization on day 9. The gray matter showed a slightly faster increase than the white matter. @entity35925 shows significant changes in the first days after @entity64 , following a rather uniform time course. Together with T2-weighted MRI this makes it possible to differentiate between hyperacute, acute, and @entity64 . Furthermore, the age of an @entity63 can be determined and @entity64 can be distinguished from a single progressive @entity64 .

title: Serial analysis of the apparent diffusion coefficient time course in XXXX @entity64 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Cell-based therapy may some day be a therapeutic alternative to liver transplantation. Recent observations indicating that hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes have opened new therapeutic prospects. However, the clinical relevance of this phenomenon is unknown. We have previously developed a strategy based on the protective effect of @entity1379 against Fas-mediated apoptosis to selectively amplify a small number of hepatocytes in vivo. We now show that this approach can be used to amplify a minor population of bone marrow-derived hepatocytes. Normal @entity19 were transplanted with unfractionated bone marrow cells from transgenic animals expressing @entity1379 under the control of a liver-specific promoter. Recipients were then submitted to weekly injections of the anti-Fas antibody, Jo2. Upon sacrifice, the liver of the recipients showed bone marrow-derived clusters of mature hepatocytes expressing @entity1379 , which showed that the hepatocyte progeny of a genetically modified bone marrow can be selectively expanded in vivo. In contrast, no @entity1379 expression could be detected without the selective pressure of Jo2, suggesting that differentiation of bone marrow cells into mature hepatocytes is very inefficient under physiologic conditions. We conclude that a selection strategy will be required to achieve a therapeutic level of liver repopulation with bone marrow-derived hepatocytes.

title: Bone marrow transplantation in XXXX leads to a minor population of hepatocytes that can be selectively amplified in vivo.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Most nurses function as generalists; however, some function in "expert" roles based on informal training as Resource Nurses. Training usually focuses on assessment and management of a specific problem, with the goal of creating a readily available "expert" for every unit. The primary activity of the Resource Nurse is to provide expert care, education, and consultation for @entity1 , families, and staff. The Iowa-Veterans Affairs Nursing Research Consortium (IVANRC) addressed the need to manage acutely confused/delirious clients by training staff nurse volunteers (N = 129) from all units of the four Iowa Veterans Affairs facilities to act as unit-based acute @entity911 Resource Nurses (ACRNs). A day-long workshop included didactic content addressing etiology and presentation of acute @entity911 (AC), use of the IVANRC protocol to assess for AC, and basic information on treatment and management of AC. The nurses also participated in an efficacy-based experiential learning program on AC assessment that involved demonstrating assessment of AC and role enactment practice exercises in which ACRNs practiced the assessment. A test of knowledge of AC and perceived level of confidence in assessing acutely confused @entity1 was administered before and after completion of the program. Paired t tests comparing pre- and posttest scores showed that knowledge and confidence significantly increased for the nurses as a result of their participation in the educational program. Eighteen months later, a second program was conducted to update current ACRNs and train additional RNs to enact this role. Pre- and posttest scores were obtained, with paired t tests showing a significant increase in knowledge for the @entity1 . Twenty-four (49%) of the second program attendees had attended the first program. These @entity1 had significantly higher scores on the second program pretest than those @entity1 who had not attended the previous program, indicating a retention of knowledge from the first program.

title: Training of acute XXXX resource nurses. Knowledge, perceived confidence, and role.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity911 :: (MESH:D003221,Disease) :: ['confusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct with a cost analysis of the @entity14 screening program in Beijing, and provide data evidence for decision making. METHODS: Based on stratified cluster sampling method, we carried out a 2-stage @entity14 screening program within 6 districts, Dongcheng, Xicheng, Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and Shijingshan, of Beijing city between October, 2012 to May. 2013. The first stage of the program was to conducting a @entity5 risk level evaluation for community residents who were forty years older and the second stage's task was to providing clinical exam for those high risk @entity1 who were selected from the first stage. There were about 12 953 residents were involved in this program. We calculated the main cost of the @entity14 screen program in Beijing. Then estimate the cost of detecting one @entity14 @entity1 of this program and compare it with the total treatment cost for a @entity1 . RESULT: 2 487 high risk residents were selected by the first stage and 1 055 of them made appointment for the colonoscopy exam but only 375 accepted the exam, participate rate was 35.5%. 9 @entity5 @entity1 and 71 pre- @entity5 @entity1 were found at the second stage, the detection rate were 69.2/100 000 and 546/100 000, respectively. The direct input for this @entity5 screening program was 227 100 CNY and the transport expense was 4 200 CNY in the calculations. The cost for detecting one @entity5 @entity1 was about 19 900 CNY. Comparing with the total medical care cost of a @entity5 @entity1 (1 282 800 CNY), especially for those have been diagnosed as @entity5 , the screening program (cost 842 800 CNY) might help to reduce the total health expenditure about 128 700 CNY, based on 12 953 local residents age above 40 years old. CONCLUSION: An colonoscopy based @entity14 screening program showed its function on medical expenditure saving and might have advantage on health social labor creating.

title: [Cost analysis of the XXXX screen program in Beijing].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasm cancer', 'middle to end stage cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasm', 'Colorectal Neoplasm']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasm']


abstract: Serum @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) values were estimated in samples from 125 @entity1 with @entity6582 to examine the specificity and sensitivity of reduced and raised values in the diagnosis of @entity4406 ( @entity4406 ) and @entity6582 ( @entity6582 ) respectively. Additionally, @entity1307 values were estimated in samples from 49 @entity1 with primary thrombocythaemia (PT) to determine whether @entity1307 values were altered. We found high specificity (92%) and moderate sensitivity (64%) of low serum @entity1307 values (below the reference range) in the diagnosis of @entity4406 , and also poor sensitivity (47%) of raised @entity1307 values in the diagnosis of @entity6582 . Raised @entity1307 values were not observed in @entity4406 @entity1 with Hb > 14.0 g/dl and were only observed in one @entity4406 @entity1 with a relatively low Hb recovering from a gastro-intestinal @entity548 . Raised @entity1307 values occurred in some @entity1 with @entity6582 ( @entity6582 ) and @entity6582 ( @entity6582 ), mainly at normal (rather than raised) Hb values (< 16 g/dl). Low @entity1307 values occurred in a few @entity6582 , @entity6582 and @entity6582 @entity1 at higher Hb values (> 16 g/dl). Low @entity1307 values were less specific for @entity4406 when the Hb was raised, while raised @entity1307 values were less specific for @entity6582 when the Hb was not raised. Approximately one third of @entity1 with PT had a low (below the reference range) @entity1307 value, this being associated with a high normal Hb (> 14 g/dl, P < 0.001) and showing a trend towards association with absence of treatment. The high normal Hb values were in turn associated with an increased incidence of @entity715 events (P < 0.05). These findings could influence the future investigation and management of PT @entity1 .

title: Serum XXXX values in erythrocytoses and in primary thrombocythaemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['AE', 'secondary erythrocytosis', 'idiopathic erythrocytosis', 'apparent erythrocytosis', 'SE', 'IE', 'erythrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'Epo']

entities_list: @entity4406 :: ('MESH:D011087', 'Disease') :: ['PV', 'polycythaemia vera']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['erythropoietin']


abstract: Spasticity is only one of several components of the @entity4681 , known collectively as the 'positive' phenomena, that are characterized by muscle overactivity. Other components include @entity924 , clonus, the clasp-knife phenomenon, flexor and extensor spasms, a Babinski sign, and @entity3519 . Spasticity is a form of @entity4372 due to hyperexcitable tonic stretch reflexes. It is distinguished from @entity2003 by its dependence upon the speed of the muscle stretch and by the presence of other positive UMN signs. Hyperactive spinal reflexes mediate most of these positive phenomena, while others are due to disordered control of @entity717 or abnormal efferent drive. An @entity4681 disturbs the balance of supraspinal inhibitory and excitatory inputs, producing a state of net disinhibition of the spinal reflexes. These include proprioceptive (stretch) and nociceptive (flexor withdrawal and extensor) reflexes. The clinical syndrome resulting from an @entity4681 depends more upon its location and extent, and the time since it occurred, than on the pathology of the lesion. However, the change in spinal reflex excitability cannot simply be due to an imbalance in supraspinal control. The delayed onset after the lesion and the frequent reduction in reflex excitability over time, suggests plasticity in the central nervous system. Knowledge of the electrophysiology and neurochemistry of spinal reflexes, together with the action of antispasticity drugs, helps us to understand the pathophysiology of @entity508 .

title: The pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonia']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon hyper-reflexia']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['UMN lesion', 'upper motor neurone (UMN) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['spastic dystonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movement']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Gubbio Study is an Italian population study measuring risk factors for and incidence of major @entity65 . This analysis investigates the association of serum @entity414 with the incidence of coronary and cardiovascular events. METHODS: A population sample of 2469 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 35-74 years, free from major @entity65 and in whom serum @entity414 was measured in 1983 along with other standard risk factors, were followed up for 6 years and the incidence of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and all @entity65 (CVD) events, both fatal and non-fatal, was computed. Proportional hazards models were used for the prediction of these events. RESULTS: In six years 61 @entity301 hard criteria, 109 @entity301 any criterion and 149 CVD events were recorded. Age-adjusted rates per 1000 of the 3 event categories were computed in sex-specific quintiles (Q) of serum @entity414 with 428 +/- 76 (Q5) and 198 +/- 42 (Q1) micromol/l, respectively. Although higher rates were seen in Q5 as compared to Q1 for all three first event categories considered (relative risks 6.2, 3.6 and 3.7, respectively), a statistically significant trend was seen only for CVD all criteria (t = 3.63, p < 0.036). These trends were borderline significant for @entity301 any criterion (t = 2.92, p < 0.06) and not significant for @entity301 hard criteria (t = 2.23, p < 0.11). In multivariate models, adjusted for 8 other risk factors, serum @entity414 showed a statistically significant contribution to predict CVD incidence [relative risk (RR) for 92 micromol/l difference of 1.24 with 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.05-1.45], whereas the statistical contribution to predict @entity301 any criterion (RR = 1.19 with CI 0.98-1.45) and @entity301 hard criteria (RR = 1.20 with CI 0.93-1.55) was not significant. Diuretic treatment and blood @entity1133 , as further confounders, were positively and significantly related to event incidence (RR ranging from 1.21 to 2.00) but serum @entity414 maintained its independent and statistically significant role in the prediction of CVD events (RR = 1.18 with CI 1.00-1.39). Presence of specific treatments to lower serum @entity414 levels (in 1.13% of the population), tested as final confounders, was not statistically contributory. CONCLUSIONS: Increased serum @entity414 levels are independently and significantly associated with risk of CVD events in the 6-year follow-up of the Gubbio Study. Longer follow-up is needed before the contributory role of serum @entity414 can be properly assessed to explain @entity301 incidence.

title: Serum @entity414 for short-term prediction of XXXX incidence in the Gubbio population Study.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Gubbio Study is an Italian population study measuring risk factors for and incidence of major @entity65 . This analysis investigates the association of serum @entity414 with the incidence of coronary and cardiovascular events. METHODS: A population sample of 2469 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 35-74 years, free from major @entity65 and in whom serum @entity414 was measured in 1983 along with other standard risk factors, were followed up for 6 years and the incidence of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and all @entity65 (CVD) events, both fatal and non-fatal, was computed. Proportional hazards models were used for the prediction of these events. RESULTS: In six years 61 @entity301 hard criteria, 109 @entity301 any criterion and 149 CVD events were recorded. Age-adjusted rates per 1000 of the 3 event categories were computed in sex-specific quintiles (Q) of serum @entity414 with 428 +/- 76 (Q5) and 198 +/- 42 (Q1) micromol/l, respectively. Although higher rates were seen in Q5 as compared to Q1 for all three first event categories considered (relative risks 6.2, 3.6 and 3.7, respectively), a statistically significant trend was seen only for CVD all criteria (t = 3.63, p < 0.036). These trends were borderline significant for @entity301 any criterion (t = 2.92, p < 0.06) and not significant for @entity301 hard criteria (t = 2.23, p < 0.11). In multivariate models, adjusted for 8 other risk factors, serum @entity414 showed a statistically significant contribution to predict CVD incidence [relative risk (RR) for 92 micromol/l difference of 1.24 with 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.05-1.45], whereas the statistical contribution to predict @entity301 any criterion (RR = 1.19 with CI 0.98-1.45) and @entity301 hard criteria (RR = 1.20 with CI 0.93-1.55) was not significant. Diuretic treatment and blood @entity1133 , as further confounders, were positively and significantly related to event incidence (RR ranging from 1.21 to 2.00) but serum @entity414 maintained its independent and statistically significant role in the prediction of CVD events (RR = 1.18 with CI 1.00-1.39). Presence of specific treatments to lower serum @entity414 levels (in 1.13% of the population), tested as final confounders, was not statistically contributory. CONCLUSIONS: Increased serum @entity414 levels are independently and significantly associated with risk of CVD events in the 6-year follow-up of the Gubbio Study. Longer follow-up is needed before the contributory role of serum @entity414 can be properly assessed to explain @entity301 incidence.

title: Serum XXXX for short-term prediction of @entity65 incidence in the Gubbio population Study.

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the myosin heavy chain expression in intrafusal fibers in @entity35 soleus muscle before and after simulated weightlessness and to analyse the mechanism involved in muscle spindle deterioration during simulated weightlessness. METHOD: The @entity35 were divided into 3 groups: 7 d, 14 d tail-suspension group and control group. Control and experimental spindles were examined using monoclonal antibodies specific for myosin heavy chains of slow-tonic (ALD58) and fast-twitch (MF30) @entity1573 muscles by the immunoperoxidase reaction utilizing the ABC (avidin- @entity1885 -complex) method. RESULT: The extrafusal muscle fibers did not exhibit immunoreactivity to ALD58 and MF30. Only intrafusal fibers bound these antibodies. The @entity20932 fiber and @entity20931 fiber reacted to ALD58. The @entity20931 fiber and chain fibers stained with MF30. After 7 d suspension the immunoreactivity of the @entity20932 fiber and @entity20931 fiber to ALD58 decreased, while the immunoreactivity of the @entity20931 fiber and chain fibers to MF30 increased. After 14 d suspension the immunoreactivity of the @entity20932 fiber and @entity20931 fiber to ALD58 decreased remarkably, even disappeared. While all of the intrafusal fibers reacted to MF30 and the immunoreactivity increased obviously. CONCLUSION: The expression level and patterns of MHC in intrafusal fibers of @entity35 soleus muscle changed after simulated weightlessness.

title: Effects of simulated weightlessness on myosin heavy chain expression of soleus intrafusal muscle fibers in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity195 is a treatable cause of functional decline, caregiver burden, and mortality. It is often associated with severe @entity353 , @entity22 , and @entity148 . These symptoms independently and collaboratively further worsen the prognosis of these vulnerable patients. An antidepressant medication with good adverse effect profile and salutary effects on these comorbid symptoms may be of significant therapeutic value in these @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of @entity13332 in the treatment of depressed @entity195 @entity1 with comorbid @entity353 , @entity22 , and @entity148 . CASE SUMMARY: Three @entity1 with @entity303 and @entity308 complicated by @entity353 , @entity22 , and @entity148 were treated with @entity13332 at an outpatient @entity2414 clinic of a university hospital. DISCUSSION: Despite the persistence of @entity2414 , the @entity1 experienced a prompt and sustained response to @entity13332 . There was a complete remission of poor appetite, @entity353 , @entity25 , and @entity148 . Other @entity308 symptoms, including sad mood, @entity4270 , and energy level, were also substantially improved. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical response of our @entity1 underscores the usefulness of @entity13332 in the treatment of the comorbid symptoms of @entity353 , @entity22 , and @entity148 . The effectiveness of @entity13332 in depressed @entity195 patents may be a reflection of its enhancement of brain serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. The usefulness of @entity13332 in depressed @entity195 @entity1 merits further study in a large randomized, controlled, clinically comparative trial.

title: @entity13332 for treatment of XXXX and comorbidities in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity195 is a treatable cause of functional decline, caregiver burden, and mortality. It is often associated with severe @entity353 , @entity22 , and @entity148 . These symptoms independently and collaboratively further worsen the prognosis of these vulnerable patients. An antidepressant medication with good adverse effect profile and salutary effects on these comorbid symptoms may be of significant therapeutic value in these @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of @entity13332 in the treatment of depressed @entity195 @entity1 with comorbid @entity353 , @entity22 , and @entity148 . CASE SUMMARY: Three @entity1 with @entity303 and @entity308 complicated by @entity353 , @entity22 , and @entity148 were treated with @entity13332 at an outpatient @entity2414 clinic of a university hospital. DISCUSSION: Despite the persistence of @entity2414 , the @entity1 experienced a prompt and sustained response to @entity13332 . There was a complete remission of poor appetite, @entity353 , @entity25 , and @entity148 . Other @entity308 symptoms, including sad mood, @entity4270 , and energy level, were also substantially improved. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical response of our @entity1 underscores the usefulness of @entity13332 in the treatment of the comorbid symptoms of @entity353 , @entity22 , and @entity148 . The effectiveness of @entity13332 in depressed @entity195 patents may be a reflection of its enhancement of brain serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. The usefulness of @entity13332 in depressed @entity195 @entity1 merits further study in a large randomized, controlled, clinically comparative trial.

title: @entity13332 for treatment of @entity308 and comorbidities in XXXX .

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']