abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity251 has been added to hormone replacement therapy to treat @entity250 in postmenopausal @entity1 . Whereas @entity172 has been associated with vascular protection, the vascular effects of @entity251 are contradictory and the effects of its association with @entity172 are largely unknown. In this study we determined the effects of @entity251 associated with conjugated @entity1641 @entity172 (CEE) on vascular function using a model of @entity101 postmenopausal female: ovariectomized spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . Female spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 were divided into sham-operated, ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX treated for 15 days with either CEE alone (OVX+CEE) or associated with @entity251 (OVX+CEE+T). @entity1808 ( @entity1808 )-induced contraction was markedly increased in aortic rings from OVX compared with sham-operated @entity35 . CEE treatment restored @entity1808 responses, a beneficial effect abrogated with CEE+T. CEE treatment also increased endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was impaired in OVX @entity35 . This effect was lost by CEE+T. Treatment of aortas with @entity9886 ( @entity1808 type-1 receptor antagonist) or @entity12824 ( @entity1110 -oxidase inhibitor) restored the endothelium-dependent relaxation in OVX and CEE+T, establishing an interplay between @entity1808 and @entity409 in OVX and CEE+T. The benefits by CEE were associated with downregulation of @entity1110 -oxidase subunits mRNA expression and decreased reactive @entity26 species generation. The association of @entity251 with CEE impairs the benefits of @entity172 on OVX-associated @entity409 and reactive @entity26 species generation in @entity35 aorta by a mechanism that involves phosphorylation of the cytosolic @entity1110 -oxidase subunit @entity11934 (phox).

title: Association of @entity251 with XXXX abolishes the beneficial effects of @entity172 treatment by increasing ROS generation in aorta endothelial cells.

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity251 has been added to hormone replacement therapy to treat @entity250 in postmenopausal @entity1 . Whereas @entity172 has been associated with vascular protection, the vascular effects of @entity251 are contradictory and the effects of its association with @entity172 are largely unknown. In this study we determined the effects of @entity251 associated with conjugated @entity1641 @entity172 (CEE) on vascular function using a model of @entity101 postmenopausal female: ovariectomized spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . Female spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 were divided into sham-operated, ovariectomized (OVX), and OVX treated for 15 days with either CEE alone (OVX+CEE) or associated with @entity251 (OVX+CEE+T). @entity1808 ( @entity1808 )-induced contraction was markedly increased in aortic rings from OVX compared with sham-operated @entity35 . CEE treatment restored @entity1808 responses, a beneficial effect abrogated with CEE+T. CEE treatment also increased endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was impaired in OVX @entity35 . This effect was lost by CEE+T. Treatment of aortas with @entity9886 ( @entity1808 type-1 receptor antagonist) or @entity12824 ( @entity1110 -oxidase inhibitor) restored the endothelium-dependent relaxation in OVX and CEE+T, establishing an interplay between @entity1808 and @entity409 in OVX and CEE+T. The benefits by CEE were associated with downregulation of @entity1110 -oxidase subunits mRNA expression and decreased reactive @entity26 species generation. The association of @entity251 with CEE impairs the benefits of @entity172 on OVX-associated @entity409 and reactive @entity26 species generation in @entity35 aorta by a mechanism that involves phosphorylation of the cytosolic @entity1110 -oxidase subunit @entity11934 (phox).

title: Association of @entity251 with @entity172 abolishes the beneficial effects of XXXX treatment by increasing ROS generation in aorta endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine blood products used, clinical outcomes and frequency of @entity532 of massive blood transfusion. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective review of the medical records of @entity1 receiving more than 10 units of blood in 24 hours at a tertiary referral hospital in 1993. @entity1 : Forty-three @entity1 fulfilled this criterion. The major reasons for massive transfusion were @entity130 (46%; 20 @entity1 ), @entity360 (21%; nine @entity1 ) and leaking @entity1028 (14%; six @entity1 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Blood products used, platelet count ( < 50 x 10(9)/L in first 48 h), @entity556 time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (twice normal in first 48 h), @entity548 , and survival. RESULTS: The 43 @entity1 used 824 units of packed cells 15.2% of the total used in 1993), 457 units of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) (17.1% of the 1993 total) and 370 units of platelets (14.8% of the 1993 total). Overall, these @entity1 consumed 16% of the total number of units of blood product used in 1993 for 1478 transfusion episodes. The overall survival rate was 60%. Severe @entity1003 occurred in 19 @entity1 (44%) (mortality rate, 74%), and 13 (31%) had severe @entity882 ( < 50 x 10(9)/L). There was no significant correlation between the severity of @entity1003 / @entity882 and total units transfused, or between the age of the units of blood and development of @entity1003 or @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity1003 is common after massive transfusions. In the absence of clear correlation with the number of units transfused, "formula" replacement with plasma and platelets is unlikely to avoid the problem. Duration of tissue hypoperfusion and platelet consumption are likely to be more important than simple haemodilution of coagulation factors.

title: Massive blood transfusion in a tertiary referral hospital. Clinical outcomes and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['haemostatic complications']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['haemostatic complications']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Until recently, renogram, performed in @entity1 with pelvi-ureteric junction stenosis detected antenatally, has not been able to predict the probability of function improvement after surgery or the risk of function deterioration in case of conservative attitude. Recently, Schlotmann et al. have suggested that cortical transit might have this predictive role. The aim of this study, focused on those kidneys with severely impaired cortical transit, was to verify this statement. METHODS: All renograms performed in @entity1 during a 3-year period (n=729) were retrospectively reviewed and 19 pediatric @entity1 were selected based on an antenatally detected unilateral pelvi-ureteric junction syndrome, the existence of at least two renograms during the follow-up and a severe cortical transit @entity227 . Twenty-six pairs of data could be analyzed and allowed comparing preoperative and postoperative @entity177 ( @entity177 ), and the @entity177 changes during the conservative management. RESULTS: Among the 16 @entity1 who underwent pyeloplasty, 10 showed a significant @entity177 improvement. Among the 10 @entity1 with conservative follow-up, four showed a significant @entity177 . CONCLUSION: Severely impaired cortical transit seems to be a valuable marker of those @entity1 who could benefit from a pyeloplasty, either because of the high probability of postoperative @entity177 improvement, or because of @entity177 in case of an conservative approach. However, a normal cortical transit, as defined in this study, does not exclude the risk of @entity177 . Alternatively, the design of this study does not allow excluding the fact that @entity177 might improve after pyeloplasty despite a normal cortical transit.

title: Can severely impaired cortical transit predict which XXXX with pelvi-ureteric junction stenosis detected antenatally might benefit from pyeloplasty?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impairment, visually defined']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['differential renal function', 'DRF', 'DRF deterioration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term results of @entity1 with surgically treated 4th and 5th carpometacarpal (CMC) @entity174 . Methods: The study included 9 @entity3029 @entity1 (9 males; mean age: 31.2 years, range: 20 to 40 years) treated with open reduction and internal fixation between 2008 and 2012. Mean follow-up period was 19.4 months. Mean interval between @entity130 and operation was 10.7 (range: 3 to 35) days. Radiological evaluation was performed at the final follow-up. Hand grip power was measured using a hand dynamometer and the injured and uninjured sides were compared. Methods: There was a statistically significant difference compared to the injured side in hand dynamometer measurements (p<0.05). Three @entity1 experienced @entity158 during heavy labor. Among these cases, 2 had delayed diagnosis and 1 a comminuted @entity3029 and was unable to return to his previous job. There were no recurrent dislocations or revision surgery due to complications. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of 4th and 5th @entity3029 results in good anatomical and functional results. Delayed or incorrect diagnosis of this region causes severe radiological and functional problems. Detailed physical and radiological examination can prevent @entity3029 from being overlooked.

title: Fourth and fifth carpometacarpal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['CMC dislocation']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture dislocations']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the refractive and keratometric response of @entity2687 ( @entity2687 ) contact lenses for @entity3467 ( @entity2687 ) after a single night of contact lens wear with the goal of reducing @entity3467 by +3.50 D. METHOD: Twenty @entity1 were fitted with a @entity2687 HDS 100 contact lens, in one eye only. The back optic zone radius of the @entity2687 lens was designed to correct 3.50 D of @entity3467 . The eyes were randomly selected. The Nikon Auto Refractor was used to measure @entity2516 . Corneal topography and simulated K readings were measured using the Humphrey Atlas topographer. The lens was subsequently worn overnight, and the lens was assessed the next morning on awakening. RESULTS: @entity2516 changed by 1.50  0.71 D (mean    SD, range 0.50-2.75 D) immediately after lens removal in the experimental eye. Similarly, there was a change in flat K readings of 0.58  0.62 D with a range of -0.25 to +1.87 D. These results were significantly different from the baseline measurements (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The fitting of @entity2687 HDS for @entity3467 has a significant effect on corneal shape and @entity2516 . There was a moderate yet significant steepening of the @entity267 .

title: Corneal refractive therapy gas permeable lenses for the correction of XXXX after one night of lens wear.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['Refractive error', 'refractive error']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['CRT', 'corneal refractive therapy']

answer: @entity3467 :: (MESH:D006956,Disease) :: ['hyperopia']


abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the role of aging in measures reflecting diurnal activity and immobility in 60 @entity191 @entity1 with predominant features of @entity2845 and @entity2003 and 100 healthy subjects aged 50 to 98 years. In the @entity1 , we also studied the relation between disease duration and subjective and objective measures of disease severity. Motor activity was recorded during 5 successive days at home with a wrist-worn activity monitor. For each subject, two mean measures reflecting the diurnal activity level and the relative proportion of activity and immobility were calculated. Diurnal measures of activity revealed in both groups a prominent absolute reduction of activity and an increase of the time spent without movement ("immobility") with advancing age. @entity191 @entity1 showed significantly lower values for both motor-activity measures than did the healthy subjects. The rate of the age-related decline of both diurnal activity measures in both groups, however, is comparable. Disease duration showed no relation with subjective and objective measures reflecting disease severity. This study shows that if care is taken to control for disease severity, the rate of the age-related decline of measures reflecting diurnal activity and immobility is similar in both groups. The lack of relation between disease duration and subjective and objective measures of disease severity suggests that the rate of progression of @entity191 can be reliably studied only by means of longitudinal studies.

title: @entity2845 in XXXX : influence of age, disease severity, and disease duration.

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian', "Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the role of aging in measures reflecting diurnal activity and immobility in 60 @entity191 @entity1 with predominant features of @entity2845 and @entity2003 and 100 healthy subjects aged 50 to 98 years. In the @entity1 , we also studied the relation between disease duration and subjective and objective measures of disease severity. Motor activity was recorded during 5 successive days at home with a wrist-worn activity monitor. For each subject, two mean measures reflecting the diurnal activity level and the relative proportion of activity and immobility were calculated. Diurnal measures of activity revealed in both groups a prominent absolute reduction of activity and an increase of the time spent without movement ("immobility") with advancing age. @entity191 @entity1 showed significantly lower values for both motor-activity measures than did the healthy subjects. The rate of the age-related decline of both diurnal activity measures in both groups, however, is comparable. Disease duration showed no relation with subjective and objective measures reflecting disease severity. This study shows that if care is taken to control for disease severity, the rate of the age-related decline of measures reflecting diurnal activity and immobility is similar in both groups. The lack of relation between disease duration and subjective and objective measures of disease severity suggests that the rate of progression of @entity191 can be reliably studied only by means of longitudinal studies.

title: XXXX in @entity191 : influence of age, disease severity, and disease duration.

answer: @entity2845 :: (MESH:D018476,Disease) :: ['Hypokinesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is widely thought that widespread antibiotic use selects for community antibiotic resistance, though this has been difficult to prove in the setting of a community-randomized clinical trial. In this study, we used a randomized clinical trial design to assess whether macrolide resistance was higher in communities treated with mass @entity4580 for @entity11738 , compared to untreated control communities. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In a cluster-randomized trial for @entity11738 control in Ethiopia, 12 communities were randomized to receive mass @entity4580 treatment of @entity1 aged 1-10 years at months 0, 3, 6, and 9. Twelve control communities were randomized to receive no antibiotic treatments until the conclusion of the study. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from randomly selected @entity1 in the treated group at baseline and month 12, and in the control group at month 12. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed on @entity328 isolated from the swabs using Etest strips. In the treated group, the mean prevalence of @entity4580 resistance among all monitored @entity1 increased from 3.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8%-8.9%) at baseline, to 46.9% (37.5%-57.5%) at month 12 (p = 0.003). In control communities, @entity4580 resistance was 9.2% (95% CI 6.7%-13.3%) at month 12, significantly lower than the treated group (p < 0.0001). @entity114 resistance was identified in 0.8% (95% CI 0%-4.2%) of isolates in the control group at 1 year, and in no isolates in the @entity1 -treated group at baseline or 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: This cluster-randomized clinical trial demonstrated that compared to untreated control communities, nasopharyngeal pneumococcal resistance to @entity7187 was significantly higher in communities randomized to intensive @entity4580 treatment. Mass @entity4580 distributions were given more frequently than currently recommended by the World Health Organization's @entity11738 program. @entity4580 use in this setting did not select for resistance to penicillins, which remain the drug of choice for @entity7706 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00322972. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

title: Antibiotic selection pressure and macrolide resistance in nasopharyngeal XXXX : a cluster-randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin', 'Azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: The circadian clock underlies daily rhythms of diverse physiological processes, and alterations in clock function have been linked to numerous pathologies. To apply chemical biology methods to modulate and dissect the clock mechanism with new chemical probes, we performed a circadian screen of    120,000 uncharacterized compounds on @entity1 cells containing a circadian reporter. The analysis identified a small molecule that potently lengthens the circadian period in a dose-dependent manner. Subsequent analysis showed that the compound also lengthened the period in a variety of cells from different tissues including the @entity19 suprachiasmatic nucleus, the central clock controlling behavioral rhythms. Based on the prominent period lengthening effect, we named the compound @entity71874 . @entity71874 was amenable for chemical modification to perform affinity chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis to identify target proteins. Combined with siRNA-mediated gene knockdown, we identified the protein kinases @entity17342  , @entity6495 , and @entity3963 as targets of @entity71874 responsible for the observed effect on circadian period. Although individual knockdown of @entity17342  , @entity6495 , and @entity3963 had small period effects, their combinatorial knockdown dramatically lengthened the period similar to @entity71874 treatment. We characterized the role of @entity6495 in the clock mechanism and found that @entity6495 -mediated phosphorylation stimulated degradation of a clock protein @entity307 , similar to the function of @entity17342  . @entity71874 treatment inhibited @entity307 degradation, providing insight into the mechanism of @entity71874 -dependent period lengthening. Using larval @entity3392 , we further demonstrated that @entity71874 drastically lengthened circadian period in vivo. Taken together, the chemical biology approach not only revealed @entity6495 as a clock regulatory kinase but also identified a multiple kinase network conferring robustness to the clock. @entity71874 provides novel possibilities in manipulating clock function due to its ability to simultaneously inhibit several key components of this conserved network across species.

title: High-throughput chemical screen identifies a novel potent modulator of cellular circadian rhythms and reveals XXXX as a clock regulatory kinase.

entities_list: @entity71874 :: ('MESH:C556792', 'Chemical') :: ['Longdaysin', 'longdaysin']

answer: @entity6495 :: (1452,Gene) :: ['CKIa']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tubulysins are natural @entity18847 that inhibit tubulin polymerisation. Tubulysins are very potent inhibitors of @entity1 @entity5 cell growth, but restricted availability has limited their characterisation and development as anti- @entity5 compounds. KEMTUB10 was recently developed as a synthetic analogue of natural tubulysins. METHODS: The cell cytotoxicity of KEMTUB10 was studied in cell lines that represent the main @entity0 sub-types. The KEMTUB10 pro-apoptotic mechanism of action was studied in MCF7 and MDAMB231 cells. RESULTS: KEMTUB10 exerts a potent cytotoxic effect in cells representing the main @entity0 sub-types. KEMTUB10 blocks cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and is a strong stimulator of apoptosis/cell death. KEMTUB10-induced apoptosis involves @entity876 and @entity22030 , and to some extent @entity588 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: KEMTUB10 is a promising new anti-mitotic that exerts a potent cytotoxic effect in @entity0 cells, blocks cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and stimulates apoptosis/cell death. KEMTUB10 has a distinct mode of action to @entity1311 , appears to be sensitive to different molecular factors in cells and is likely subject to different mechanisms of acquired resistance. KEMTUB10 has the potential to be an important addition to the anti- @entity5 therapeutic armoury.

title: The tubulysin analogue KEMTUB10 induces apoptosis in @entity0 cells via @entity876 , @entity22030 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity18847 :: ('CHEBI:48030', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrapeptides']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tubulysins are natural @entity18847 that inhibit tubulin polymerisation. Tubulysins are very potent inhibitors of @entity1 @entity5 cell growth, but restricted availability has limited their characterisation and development as anti- @entity5 compounds. KEMTUB10 was recently developed as a synthetic analogue of natural tubulysins. METHODS: The cell cytotoxicity of KEMTUB10 was studied in cell lines that represent the main @entity0 sub-types. The KEMTUB10 pro-apoptotic mechanism of action was studied in MCF7 and MDAMB231 cells. RESULTS: KEMTUB10 exerts a potent cytotoxic effect in cells representing the main @entity0 sub-types. KEMTUB10 blocks cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and is a strong stimulator of apoptosis/cell death. KEMTUB10-induced apoptosis involves @entity876 and @entity22030 , and to some extent @entity588 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: KEMTUB10 is a promising new anti-mitotic that exerts a potent cytotoxic effect in @entity0 cells, blocks cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and stimulates apoptosis/cell death. KEMTUB10 has a distinct mode of action to @entity1311 , appears to be sensitive to different molecular factors in cells and is likely subject to different mechanisms of acquired resistance. KEMTUB10 has the potential to be an important addition to the anti- @entity5 therapeutic armoury.

title: The tubulysin analogue KEMTUB10 induces apoptosis in @entity0 cells via XXXX , @entity22030 and @entity588 .

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tubulysins are natural @entity18847 that inhibit tubulin polymerisation. Tubulysins are very potent inhibitors of @entity1 @entity5 cell growth, but restricted availability has limited their characterisation and development as anti- @entity5 compounds. KEMTUB10 was recently developed as a synthetic analogue of natural tubulysins. METHODS: The cell cytotoxicity of KEMTUB10 was studied in cell lines that represent the main @entity0 sub-types. The KEMTUB10 pro-apoptotic mechanism of action was studied in MCF7 and MDAMB231 cells. RESULTS: KEMTUB10 exerts a potent cytotoxic effect in cells representing the main @entity0 sub-types. KEMTUB10 blocks cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and is a strong stimulator of apoptosis/cell death. KEMTUB10-induced apoptosis involves @entity876 and @entity22030 , and to some extent @entity588 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: KEMTUB10 is a promising new anti-mitotic that exerts a potent cytotoxic effect in @entity0 cells, blocks cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and stimulates apoptosis/cell death. KEMTUB10 has a distinct mode of action to @entity1311 , appears to be sensitive to different molecular factors in cells and is likely subject to different mechanisms of acquired resistance. KEMTUB10 has the potential to be an important addition to the anti- @entity5 therapeutic armoury.

title: The tubulysin analogue KEMTUB10 induces apoptosis in XXXX cells via @entity876 , @entity22030 and @entity588 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tubulysins are natural @entity18847 that inhibit tubulin polymerisation. Tubulysins are very potent inhibitors of @entity1 @entity5 cell growth, but restricted availability has limited their characterisation and development as anti- @entity5 compounds. KEMTUB10 was recently developed as a synthetic analogue of natural tubulysins. METHODS: The cell cytotoxicity of KEMTUB10 was studied in cell lines that represent the main @entity0 sub-types. The KEMTUB10 pro-apoptotic mechanism of action was studied in MCF7 and MDAMB231 cells. RESULTS: KEMTUB10 exerts a potent cytotoxic effect in cells representing the main @entity0 sub-types. KEMTUB10 blocks cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and is a strong stimulator of apoptosis/cell death. KEMTUB10-induced apoptosis involves @entity876 and @entity22030 , and to some extent @entity588 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: KEMTUB10 is a promising new anti-mitotic that exerts a potent cytotoxic effect in @entity0 cells, blocks cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and stimulates apoptosis/cell death. KEMTUB10 has a distinct mode of action to @entity1311 , appears to be sensitive to different molecular factors in cells and is likely subject to different mechanisms of acquired resistance. KEMTUB10 has the potential to be an important addition to the anti- @entity5 therapeutic armoury.

title: The tubulysin analogue KEMTUB10 induces apoptosis in @entity0 cells via @entity876 , XXXX and @entity588 .

answer: @entity22030 :: (10018,Gene) :: ['Bim']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Standard resection for benign and borderline @entity5 of the pancreas is associated with a substantial risk of postoperative morbidity and long-term functional impairment, whereas enucleation leads to less morbidity and preserves healthy parenchyma as well as pancreatic function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative clinical outcomes and long-term functional and oncologic results after pancreatic enucleation, and to compare the clinical results of laparoscopic and open enucleation. METHODS: From March 2005 to December 2013, 65 cases of enucleation of @entity5 in the pancreas were identified through a retrospective review of medical records. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 were @entity1 (73.8 %), and the median age was 52.7  years (interquartile range 43.1-60.9  years). Median @entity5 size was 2.5  cm (interquartile range 1.6-3.8  cm). The most common indication for enucleation was @entity788 (24, 36.9%). A clinically relevant @entity3472 (International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula grade B, C) was reported in 6 @entity1 (9.2%). The @entity1 with @entity5 of the pancreatic neck had more complications after enucleation than those with @entity5 at other locations (3/4, 75%). There were no differences of clinical outcomes between open and laparoscopic enucleation groups. At a median follow-up of 58.7  months there was one case of new-onset @entity6 , and there were no recurrences or @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Enucleation is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of benign and borderline @entity788 . It preserves pancreatic function and is not associated with recurrence. The incidence of @entity260 , including @entity3472 , is acceptable. Laparoscopic enucleation seems to be a feasible and safe approach associated with favorable perioperative outcomes for the selected @entity1 .

title: Enucleation for benign or low-grade malignant lesions of the pancreas: Single-center experience with 65 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasms', 'pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Regional deposition patterns determine the dose of inhaled gaseous toxicant received by various areas of the respiratory tract. To study potential species differences in upper respiratory tract (URT) deposition of @entity1324 and @entity1068 vapors, and to determine if deposition of these vapors could be described by a ventilation-perfusion (V-P) model, URT deposition efficiencies of these vapors were measured over a 12- to 18-min period at selected flow rates in the surgically isolated URT of @entity4774 -anesthetized Fischer @entity35 and Hartley @entity840 . For both gases in both species, deposition efficiencies were significantly dependent upon inspiratory flow rate (p less than 0.0005). The V-P model predicts a linear relationship will exist between the ratio of the deposited to the nondeposited fraction and the inverse of the inspiratory flow rate. Such relationships were observed for deposition of @entity1324 (r = 0.93, p less than 0.0005) and @entity1068 vapors (r = 0.95, p less than 0.0005) in the @entity840 and for deposition of @entity1324 vapor (r = 0.95, p less than 0.0005) in the @entity35 . In contrast, a linear relationship was not observed for @entity1068 in the @entity35 suggesting that deposition mechanism(s) differ for this vapor in this species. Despite the fact that the surface area of the URT of the @entity840 is greater than that of the @entity35 , URT deposition of these vapors was as much as twice as efficient in the @entity35 as in the @entity840 (p less than 0.0005). This effect was not due to different blood:air partition coefficients as they were identical in both species. In toto, these results suggest there may be important anatomic and/or physiologic differences in the URT of the Hartley @entity840 and Fischer @entity35 . Such differences may have to be considered when comparing the response(s) of these species to toxic gases or when extrapolating data obtained from these species to the @entity1 .

title: Species differences in upper respiratory tract deposition of XXXX and @entity1068 vapors.

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

answer: @entity1324 :: (MESH:D000096,Chemical) :: ['acetone']


abstract: Regional deposition patterns determine the dose of inhaled gaseous toxicant received by various areas of the respiratory tract. To study potential species differences in upper respiratory tract (URT) deposition of @entity1324 and @entity1068 vapors, and to determine if deposition of these vapors could be described by a ventilation-perfusion (V-P) model, URT deposition efficiencies of these vapors were measured over a 12- to 18-min period at selected flow rates in the surgically isolated URT of @entity4774 -anesthetized Fischer @entity35 and Hartley @entity840 . For both gases in both species, deposition efficiencies were significantly dependent upon inspiratory flow rate (p less than 0.0005). The V-P model predicts a linear relationship will exist between the ratio of the deposited to the nondeposited fraction and the inverse of the inspiratory flow rate. Such relationships were observed for deposition of @entity1324 (r = 0.93, p less than 0.0005) and @entity1068 vapors (r = 0.95, p less than 0.0005) in the @entity840 and for deposition of @entity1324 vapor (r = 0.95, p less than 0.0005) in the @entity35 . In contrast, a linear relationship was not observed for @entity1068 in the @entity35 suggesting that deposition mechanism(s) differ for this vapor in this species. Despite the fact that the surface area of the URT of the @entity840 is greater than that of the @entity35 , URT deposition of these vapors was as much as twice as efficient in the @entity35 as in the @entity840 (p less than 0.0005). This effect was not due to different blood:air partition coefficients as they were identical in both species. In toto, these results suggest there may be important anatomic and/or physiologic differences in the URT of the Hartley @entity840 and Fischer @entity35 . Such differences may have to be considered when comparing the response(s) of these species to toxic gases or when extrapolating data obtained from these species to the @entity1 .

title: Species differences in upper respiratory tract deposition of @entity1324 and XXXX vapors.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: We have studied the sites of synthesis, assembly, and secretion of apoVLDL-II, a major apoprotein in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), in the cockerel liver by immunoelectron microscopy. In the liver of the @entity172 -treated cockerel, apoVLDL-II reaction products were localized in the cisternae of the nuclear envelope and the @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Such products were not observed in the @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ). ApoVLDL-II reaction products were also located on the surface of lipid particles in the Golgi apparatus and secretory vesicles. Such lipid particles were not detected in the @entity1893 or @entity3960 . Some secretory vesicles containing the reaction products were seen during the process of fusion with the plasma membrane. Such fusion took place against the plasma membrane lining the space of Disse as well as the intercellular spaces. Reaction products also occurred in the sinusoids. These observations are compatible with the following sequence of events in the synthesis, assembly and secretion of apoproteins in VLDL in the cockerel liver: ApoVLDL-II is synthesized on bound ribosomes attached to the nuclear envelope and @entity1893 , and is discharged into their cisternae. The protein is probably transported to the Golgi apparatus where the assembly of this protein and its lipid components probably takes place. Secretory vesicles derived from the Golgi apparatus carry the VLDL particles to the plasma membrane where secretion of these particles takes place by exocytosis, and the VLDL are discharged into the sinusoid via both the space of Disse and intercellular spaces.

title: Localization of apoVLDL-II, a major apoprotein in very low density lipoproteins, in the XXXX -treated cockerel liver by immunoelectron microscopy.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'RER']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth endoplasmic reticulum', 'SER']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: Orbital blowout @entity174 are relatively rare in @entity1 under 18 years of age, but may lead to serious complications. We conducted this retrospective study to evaluate @entity892 , clinical characteristics, and postoperative results in cases of orbital blowout @entity174 in the pediatric population.Eighty-three @entity1 , all less than 18 years old, with orbital blowout @entity174 , were divided into 3 groups by age: 0 to 6 years old, 7 to 12 years old, and 13 to 18 years old. The cause of injury, @entity174 locations, @entity892 grades, ocular motility restrictions, enophthalmos, and postoperative results were reviewed from their records. Chi-square tests, Fisher's exact analyses, analyses of variance, and logistic regressions were performed to determine characteristics associated with @entity892 , and to identify factors related to @entity892 in pediatric @entity1 .The most common causes of injuries were traffic accidents in the 0 to 6 years old group, normal daily activities in the 7 to 12 years old group, and assaults in the 13 to 18 years old group. Floor @entity174 were the most common location in both the 0 to 6- and 7 to 12 years old groups, and medial-floor @entity174 were the most common location in the 13 to 18 years old group. The occurrence of preoperative @entity892 was related to ocular motility restriction and enophthalmos, but not with the age group, the gender, the cause of injury, or the @entity174 locations. The time interval from injury to surgery was significant in the outcome of @entity86 (P<0.01). A statistical difference was also found in the recovery time from @entity892 among the 3 age groups (P<0.01).The characteristics of orbital blowout @entity174 varied among the different age groups. It was related to 2 factors, the cause of @entity174 locations, which probably resulted from structural growth changes and differences in daily habits. @entity1 had a slower recovery from orbital @entity174 , and the younger the @entity1 , the longer it took for recovery from @entity892 after surgery.

title: Diplopia of pediatric orbital blowout fractures: a retrospective study of 83 XXXX classified by age groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['residual diplopia', 'diplopia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative diplopia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'injury and fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repeated ghrelin administration leads to improvements in symptoms, @entity2057 and exercise tolerance in cachectic @entity1 with @entity358 . We investigated the optimal ghrelin dose for underweight @entity1 with @entity1576 . METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, dose-comparison exploratory study, 44 cachectic @entity1 with @entity1576 were randomly assigned pulmonary rehabilitation with intravenous twice-daily administration of 1 or 2   g/kg ghrelin for 3  weeks. The primary endpoint was improvement in 6-min walking distance (6MWD). The secondary endpoint was change in peak [Formula: see text]O2. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 were assigned to the 1   g/kg ghrelin group and 23 to the 2   g/kg ghrelin group. Change from baseline 6MWD after treatment was similar between groups(1   g/kg: 53.9  m, 2   g/kg: 53.9  m, p  =  0.99). Mean change in peak [Formula: see text]O2 was significantly greater in the 2   g/kg group (63.1  ml/min) than in the 1   g/kg group (-63.8  ml/min, p  =  0.048). Food intake and lean body mass significantly increased in both groups, and the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire score, body weight, and body mass index were remarkably improved in only the 2   g/kg group, although there was no significant difference between groups. No treatment-related serious events were reported for either group. CONCLUSION: Improvements in the @entity26 uptake capacity were greater in @entity1 receiving 2   g/kg ghrelin twice daily for 3  weeks than in those receiving 1   g/kg, although exercise tolerance was similar between groups at the end of the 3-week treatment period. Thus, a twice daily dose of 2   g/kg ghrelin is recommended over 1   g/kg ghrelin for @entity1 with @entity1576 and @entity353 .

title: Ghrelin Administration for XXXX : A Randomized Dose-Comparison Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['chronic respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Chronic Respiratory Failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined the relationship between @entity386 severity and @entity308 in a large sample of the newly diagnosed male @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). METHODS: Data were collected from @entity1 who received polysomnography due to suspected @entity27 . The questionnaires included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), @entity25 ( @entity25 ), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)-Sleep Scale, for which Sleep Problems Index-1 (SPI-1) was calculated. The @entity27 index (AHI) and respiratory distress index (RDI) were used to measure @entity386 severity. The mediational model, which states that @entity27 severity affects @entity308 through a mediator, was tested here. RESULTS: In total, 302 male @entity1 with severe @entity27 participated. The mean @entity1 age was 48.4  years (SD  =  11.3  years). The BDI was >= 10 in 118 @entity1 (39  %) and was significantly associated with body mass index (r  =  0.114; p  =  0.048), @entity25 (r  =  0.164; p  =  0.004), SPI-1 (r  =  0.453; p  <  0.001), and RDI (r  =  0.126; p  =  0.029). According to the linear regression analyses, the RDI is not independently associated with the BDI. The strongest predictor of BDI was @entity25 (SPI-1; b  =  0.425; p  <  0.001). The bootstrap method confirmed that the depressive effects of RDI are significantly mediated by poor @entity25 (bootstrapped 95  % CI 0.0113-0.0632). CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of a mediational role of subjective @entity25 on the relationship between @entity386 severity and @entity308 in male @entity1 with severe @entity27 .

title: The Relation Between @entity386 and XXXX in @entity1 with Severe Obstructive Sleep @entity386 : Mediational Effects of Sleep Quality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'severe obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Epworth Sleepiness Scale', 'sleep quality', 'ESS']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive Symptoms']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined the relationship between @entity386 severity and @entity308 in a large sample of the newly diagnosed male @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). METHODS: Data were collected from @entity1 who received polysomnography due to suspected @entity27 . The questionnaires included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), @entity25 ( @entity25 ), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)-Sleep Scale, for which Sleep Problems Index-1 (SPI-1) was calculated. The @entity27 index (AHI) and respiratory distress index (RDI) were used to measure @entity386 severity. The mediational model, which states that @entity27 severity affects @entity308 through a mediator, was tested here. RESULTS: In total, 302 male @entity1 with severe @entity27 participated. The mean @entity1 age was 48.4  years (SD  =  11.3  years). The BDI was >= 10 in 118 @entity1 (39  %) and was significantly associated with body mass index (r  =  0.114; p  =  0.048), @entity25 (r  =  0.164; p  =  0.004), SPI-1 (r  =  0.453; p  <  0.001), and RDI (r  =  0.126; p  =  0.029). According to the linear regression analyses, the RDI is not independently associated with the BDI. The strongest predictor of BDI was @entity25 (SPI-1; b  =  0.425; p  <  0.001). The bootstrap method confirmed that the depressive effects of RDI are significantly mediated by poor @entity25 (bootstrapped 95  % CI 0.0113-0.0632). CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of a mediational role of subjective @entity25 on the relationship between @entity386 severity and @entity308 in male @entity1 with severe @entity27 .

title: The Relation Between XXXX and @entity308 in @entity1 with Severe Obstructive Sleep @entity386 : Mediational Effects of Sleep Quality.

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['Apnea']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined the relationship between @entity386 severity and @entity308 in a large sample of the newly diagnosed male @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). METHODS: Data were collected from @entity1 who received polysomnography due to suspected @entity27 . The questionnaires included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), @entity25 ( @entity25 ), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)-Sleep Scale, for which Sleep Problems Index-1 (SPI-1) was calculated. The @entity27 index (AHI) and respiratory distress index (RDI) were used to measure @entity386 severity. The mediational model, which states that @entity27 severity affects @entity308 through a mediator, was tested here. RESULTS: In total, 302 male @entity1 with severe @entity27 participated. The mean @entity1 age was 48.4  years (SD  =  11.3  years). The BDI was >= 10 in 118 @entity1 (39  %) and was significantly associated with body mass index (r  =  0.114; p  =  0.048), @entity25 (r  =  0.164; p  =  0.004), SPI-1 (r  =  0.453; p  <  0.001), and RDI (r  =  0.126; p  =  0.029). According to the linear regression analyses, the RDI is not independently associated with the BDI. The strongest predictor of BDI was @entity25 (SPI-1; b  =  0.425; p  <  0.001). The bootstrap method confirmed that the depressive effects of RDI are significantly mediated by poor @entity25 (bootstrapped 95  % CI 0.0113-0.0632). CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of a mediational role of subjective @entity25 on the relationship between @entity386 severity and @entity308 in male @entity1 with severe @entity27 .

title: The Relation Between @entity386 and @entity308 in @entity1 with Severe Obstructive Sleep XXXX : Mediational Effects of Sleep Quality.

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['Apnea']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined the relationship between @entity386 severity and @entity308 in a large sample of the newly diagnosed male @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). METHODS: Data were collected from @entity1 who received polysomnography due to suspected @entity27 . The questionnaires included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), @entity25 ( @entity25 ), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)-Sleep Scale, for which Sleep Problems Index-1 (SPI-1) was calculated. The @entity27 index (AHI) and respiratory distress index (RDI) were used to measure @entity386 severity. The mediational model, which states that @entity27 severity affects @entity308 through a mediator, was tested here. RESULTS: In total, 302 male @entity1 with severe @entity27 participated. The mean @entity1 age was 48.4  years (SD  =  11.3  years). The BDI was >= 10 in 118 @entity1 (39  %) and was significantly associated with body mass index (r  =  0.114; p  =  0.048), @entity25 (r  =  0.164; p  =  0.004), SPI-1 (r  =  0.453; p  <  0.001), and RDI (r  =  0.126; p  =  0.029). According to the linear regression analyses, the RDI is not independently associated with the BDI. The strongest predictor of BDI was @entity25 (SPI-1; b  =  0.425; p  <  0.001). The bootstrap method confirmed that the depressive effects of RDI are significantly mediated by poor @entity25 (bootstrapped 95  % CI 0.0113-0.0632). CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of a mediational role of subjective @entity25 on the relationship between @entity386 severity and @entity308 in male @entity1 with severe @entity27 .

title: The Relation Between @entity386 and @entity308 in XXXX with Severe Obstructive Sleep @entity386 : Mediational Effects of Sleep Quality.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: The injection of bile under low pressure led in 21 @entity235 out of 30 to a process of acute @entity788 and to the reproduction of the different histopathological types of @entity788 seen in @entity1 . This represents a weighty argument in favour of the concept of @entity788 , @entity788 with sometimes major cytosteatonecrosis and necrosing @entity788 as different manifestations of the same disease, which is not universally accepted. Our research has once again emphasized the fact that the interstitial phenomena and in @entity39 precede @entity39 . Morphological studies were used to attempt to define the link between fat @entity39 and acinar @entity39 . Light microscopy showed that there was no topographic evidence of direct involvement of the acinar cell in contact with fat @entity39 . By contrast, ultrastructural studies revealed initial involvement of the basal pole of the acinar cell. This would emphasize the responsibility of interstitial phenomena in the maintenance, if not the induction, of acinar @entity39 . It cannot be excluded that fat @entity39 could indirectly, via the liberation of factors carried by @entity4 , play a role in these phenomena of acinar @entity39 . In addition, it was noted that the apical poles of the acinar cells did not seem to be damaged, the acinar lumina were dilated and there was loss of the intercellular junctions. This would hence indicate the possible passage into the interstitium of a toxic substance ( @entity3645 , enzymes liberated in excess) coming directly from the acinar lumina.

title: [Experimental XXXX of ductal origin. Anatomo-pathologic and ultrastructural study].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis', 'oedematous pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymatous necrosis', 'necrosis', 'particular fatty necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1397 has been the only available antiplatelet drug used along with aspirin in @entity1 of ACS. In recent years 2 new antiplatelet drugs ( @entity3076 and Ticagrelor) have become available. @entity3076 in the dose of 10  mg @entity5771 has been found to be more efficacious but with increased risk of major @entity548 . For this reason it has not gained widespread usage in ACS @entity1 undergoing PCI. There are no systematic data on the use of @entity3076 in Indian population. METHOD: This is a prospective, multicentric, hospital registry of 1000 @entity1 with ACS undergoing PCI who were administered @entity3076 . The primary safety endpoint of this study was major and minor @entity548 while the efficacy endpoint is the composite of CV death, nonfatal MI, @entity64 up to 30 days after PCI. @entity1 with high @entity548 risk were excluded. RESULTS: Most @entity1 (91%) received loading dose of @entity3076 along with the maintenance dose getting according to the defined protocol. @entity1 were followed up to 30 days post procedure. Primary efficacy end point was reached in 3 @entity1 only with two of them dying due to possible stent @entity715 and the third requiring revascularization of the target vessel for stent @entity715 . One major and 19 minor @entity548 complications were recorded, with access site @entity548 in 0.7% _ non-access site @entity548 in 1.2% of the subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity3076 was found to be effective _ not associated with a high incidence of @entity548 in the high risk ACS @entity1 when those at a high @entity548 risk were excluded.

title: Safety of XXXX in Indian @entity1 - Multicentric registry of 1000 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3076 :: ('MESH:C408153', 'Chemical') :: ['Prasugrel']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['nonfatal stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3076 :: (MESH:C408153,Chemical) :: ['Prasugrel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1397 has been the only available antiplatelet drug used along with aspirin in @entity1 of ACS. In recent years 2 new antiplatelet drugs ( @entity3076 and Ticagrelor) have become available. @entity3076 in the dose of 10  mg @entity5771 has been found to be more efficacious but with increased risk of major @entity548 . For this reason it has not gained widespread usage in ACS @entity1 undergoing PCI. There are no systematic data on the use of @entity3076 in Indian population. METHOD: This is a prospective, multicentric, hospital registry of 1000 @entity1 with ACS undergoing PCI who were administered @entity3076 . The primary safety endpoint of this study was major and minor @entity548 while the efficacy endpoint is the composite of CV death, nonfatal MI, @entity64 up to 30 days after PCI. @entity1 with high @entity548 risk were excluded. RESULTS: Most @entity1 (91%) received loading dose of @entity3076 along with the maintenance dose getting according to the defined protocol. @entity1 were followed up to 30 days post procedure. Primary efficacy end point was reached in 3 @entity1 only with two of them dying due to possible stent @entity715 and the third requiring revascularization of the target vessel for stent @entity715 . One major and 19 minor @entity548 complications were recorded, with access site @entity548 in 0.7% _ non-access site @entity548 in 1.2% of the subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity3076 was found to be effective _ not associated with a high incidence of @entity548 in the high risk ACS @entity1 when those at a high @entity548 risk were excluded.

title: Safety of @entity3076 in Indian XXXX - Multicentric registry of 1000 cases.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE To detect the pathogenic mutation in a @entity1 with @entity2185 using IonTorrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) and assess the feasibility of such technology for analyzing complex monogenic diseases. METHODS Peripheral blood sample was collected from the @entity1 . Genomic DNA was isolated using a standard method and subjected to targeted sequencing using an Ion Ampliseq Inherited Disease Panel. DNA fragment was ligated with a barcoded sequencing adaptor. Template preparation, emulsion PCR, and Ion Sphere Particles enrichment were carried out using the Ion One Touch system. Data from the PGM runs were processed using Ion Torrent Suite 3.2 software to generate sequence reads. All variants were filtered against dbSNPl37. DNA sequences were visualized with an Integrated Genomics Viewer. RESULTS After data analysis and database filtering, a previously reported nonsense mutation, @entity71875 ( @entity71876 ), and a novel mutation @entity71877 ( @entity71878 ) were identified in the @entity2190 gene in this @entity1 . Both mutations were verified by conventional Sanger sequencing. Conclusion Pathogenic @entity2190 mutations have been identified in a @entity1 with @entity2185 . This new-generation targeted sequencing on the PGM sequencers can be applied for genetic diagnosis of @entity74 .

title: [Detection of pathogenic mutations for XXXX using new-generation semiconductor targeted sequencing.]

entities_list: @entity2185 :: ('MESH:C537358', 'Disease') :: ['methylmalonic acidemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary diseases']

answer: @entity2185 :: (MESH:C537358,Disease) :: ['methylmalonic acidemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ), is a potent neurotoxin targeting sodium channels that has been identified in multiple marine and terrestrial organisms. It was recently detected in the Opisthobranch Pleurobranchaea maculata and a Platyhelminthes Stylochoplana sp. from New Zealand. Knowledge on the distribution of @entity4524 within these organisms is important to assist in elucidating the origin and ecological role of this toxin. Intracellular micro-distribution of @entity4524 was investigated using a monoclonal antibody-based immunoenzymatic technique. @entity1022 was strongly localized in neutral mucin cells and the basement membrane of the mantle, the oocytes and follicles of the gonad tissue, and in the digestive tissue of P. maculata. The ova and pharynx were the only two structures to contain @entity4524 in Stylochoplana sp. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, @entity4524 was identified in the larvae and eggs, but not the gelatinous egg cases of P. maculata. @entity1022 was present in egg masses of Stylochoplana sp. These data suggest that @entity4524 has a defensive function in adult P. maculata, who then invest this in their progeny for protection. Localization in the digestive tissue of P. maculata potentially indicates a dietary source of @entity4524 . Stylochoplana sp. may use @entity4524 in prey capture and for the protection of offspring.

title: Intracellular Immunohistochemical Detection of XXXX in Pleurobranchaea maculata (Gastropoda) and Stylochoplana sp. (Turbellaria).

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrodotoxin']

answer: @entity1022 :: (MESH:D013779,Chemical) :: ['Tetrodotoxin']


abstract: We have evaluated the use of Gallium-67 scans as an aid to the diagnosis of @entity281 around the hip joint after operation. We performed 12 @entity2719 -67 scintiscans on six @entity1 with diaphyseal @entity174 of the femur or @entity2091 reduced by external fixation, and 65 scintiscans on 60 hips after operation, which included 22 Moore's prosthesis, 31 total replacements, three nail-plates and four revisions of total replacements. We also scanned the @entity6081 in a further 11 @entity1 . Simple @entity174 or osteotomies did not lead to abnormal uptake of 67Ga. Although some uptake in the scar was encountered the surgical wound did not complicate the interpretation of the scan. When assessing @entity281 in the hip operations the rate of true-positive was 11/11, or 100%. The false-positive rate could not be assessed until after at least one year's follow-up. It was certainly less than 14% immediately after operation and less than 6% when the scan was performed three months after operation. Four @entity1 were found to have a loose prosthesis but had a normal scintiscan, as had three @entity1 presenting with post-operative @entity158 . It appears that 67Ga is clinically an efficient means for early detection of @entity281 about the operated hip, and is useful in the differential diagnosis of a @entity158 hip after surgery.

title: Gallium-67 citrate as an aid to the diagnosis of XXXX in hip surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['healing surgical wounds']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1582 , cytogenetic changes display important value for @entity1 ' outcome. In this setting, the most important changes are the del(17p), and the t(4;14), conferring a poor outcome. However, a certain heterogeneity is observed in survival of these high-risk @entity1 . We hypothesized that other chromosomal changes may impact the outcome. We retrospectively analyzed a large series of 242 @entity1 displaying either the t(4;14) (157 @entity1 ), or the del(17p) (110 @entity1 ), 25 @entity1 presenting @entity66 , using SNP-array. In @entity1 with t(4;14), del(1p32) (p<0.001), del22q (p<0.05) and more than 30 chromosomal structural changes (p=0.01) negatively impacted PFS. For OS, @entity34792 ) (p=0.01), del(1p32) (p<0.001), and the number of chromosomal structural changes (p<0.05 and p=0.01 for [10;30[and more than 30 structural changes, respectively) worsened the prognosis of @entity1 . For @entity1 with del(17p), del6q (p=0.01) worsened the prognosis of @entity1 , whereas @entity10267 (p=0.01) and monosomy 14 (p=0.03) were found to have a protective effect on PFS. For OS, del(1p32) (p=0.01) worsened the prognosis of @entity1 , whereas more than 8 numerical changes (p=0.004) was found to have a protective effect on survival. This study, which is the largest series of high-risk @entity1 , analyzed with the most modern genomic technique, identified one main factor negatively impacting survival: del(1p32).

title: Role of additional chromosomal changes in the prognostic value of t(4;14) and del(17p) in XXXX : the IFM experience.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['both abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity453 , left ventricular performance during stress is affected by the degree of @entity3979 . In order to verify whether there exists a relationship between the extent of wall motion abnormalities detectable during @entity955 and the degree of @entity301 , 76 @entity1 , without previous @entity583 , were studied. Each @entity1 underwent cross-sectional echocardiography during transesophageal @entity955 and exercise electrocardiography before coronary angiography. Of the 76 @entity1 , 46 had significant @entity453 ( @entity850 greater than or equal to 75% of at least one major coronary vessel), while 30 had normal coronaries or a @entity850 of less than 75%. Eighteen @entity1 had single-, 14 had two- and 14 had @entity66 . For each @entity1 a coronary score was obtained: the score used took into consideration the site, number and severity of the @entity850 . This score was then correlated with the wall motion score, obtained from the analysis of 9 segments of the left ventricle. A weak correlation was obtained between wall motion score at rest and coronary score (r = -0.42), while the correlation between coronary score and the difference between wall motion score at rest and during transesophageal @entity955 was slightly better (r = 0.53); this correlation further improved if wall motion score during pacing was considered (r = -0.63). If the @entity1 with discordant diagnostic tests (echocardiography during transesophageal @entity955 and exercise electrocardiography) were excluded, the correlation coefficient between coronary score and wall motion score during pacing increased even more (r = -0.77). IN CONCLUSION: (1) analysis of wall motion of the left ventricle during @entity955 is useful for the non-invasive evaluation of the severity of @entity301 ; (2) cross-sectional echocardiography during @entity955 , apart from being a useful diagnostic tool, is also a help in judging the degree of severity of @entity453 .

title: Prediction of the extent of @entity453 with the evaluation of left ventricular wall motion abnormalities during XXXX . A cross-sectional echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['three-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease', 'coronary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial pacing']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial pacing']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity453 , left ventricular performance during stress is affected by the degree of @entity3979 . In order to verify whether there exists a relationship between the extent of wall motion abnormalities detectable during @entity955 and the degree of @entity301 , 76 @entity1 , without previous @entity583 , were studied. Each @entity1 underwent cross-sectional echocardiography during transesophageal @entity955 and exercise electrocardiography before coronary angiography. Of the 76 @entity1 , 46 had significant @entity453 ( @entity850 greater than or equal to 75% of at least one major coronary vessel), while 30 had normal coronaries or a @entity850 of less than 75%. Eighteen @entity1 had single-, 14 had two- and 14 had @entity66 . For each @entity1 a coronary score was obtained: the score used took into consideration the site, number and severity of the @entity850 . This score was then correlated with the wall motion score, obtained from the analysis of 9 segments of the left ventricle. A weak correlation was obtained between wall motion score at rest and coronary score (r = -0.42), while the correlation between coronary score and the difference between wall motion score at rest and during transesophageal @entity955 was slightly better (r = 0.53); this correlation further improved if wall motion score during pacing was considered (r = -0.63). If the @entity1 with discordant diagnostic tests (echocardiography during transesophageal @entity955 and exercise electrocardiography) were excluded, the correlation coefficient between coronary score and wall motion score during pacing increased even more (r = -0.77). IN CONCLUSION: (1) analysis of wall motion of the left ventricle during @entity955 is useful for the non-invasive evaluation of the severity of @entity301 ; (2) cross-sectional echocardiography during @entity955 , apart from being a useful diagnostic tool, is also a help in judging the degree of severity of @entity453 .

title: Prediction of the extent of XXXX with the evaluation of left ventricular wall motion abnormalities during @entity955 . A cross-sectional echocardiographic study.

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity2346 media is characterized as an ongoing @entity32 with accumulation of an effusion in the middle ear cleft. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis, particularly the inflammatory response, remain largely unknown. We hypothesize that aspiration of gastric contents into the nasopharynx may be responsible for the initiation of the inflammatory process or aggravate a preexisting condition. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of gastric @entity35540 with inflammatory cytokines, @entity2348 , and clinical outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Prospective study of 129 pediatric @entity1 undergoing myringotomy with tube placement for @entity2346 media at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Ear samples were tested for @entity35540 ; cytokines @entity650 , @entity687 , and @entity5 @entity39 factor; and bacterial culture inoculation. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and regression analysis to identify risk factors for the presence of @entity35540 and to correlate @entity35540 levels with cytokine levels, @entity281 status, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 129 @entity1 , 199 ear samples were obtained; 82 samples (41%) and 64 @entity1 (50%) were positive for @entity35540 as measured by immunoassay. @entity35540 positivity correlated with age younger than 3.0 years (mean [SD], 2.3 [2.1] years in the positive group vs 3.3 [3.0] years in the negative group) and with all 3 cytokine levels (mean [SD] @entity5 @entity39 factor, 29.5 [45.9] pg/mL in the positive group vs 13.2 [21.6] pg/mL in the negative group; @entity650 , 6791.7 [9389.1] pg/mL in the positive group vs 2849.9 [4066.3] pg/mL in the negative group; and @entity687 , 6828.2 [8122.3] pg/mL in the positive group vs 2925.1 [3364.5] pg/mL in the negative group [all P   <   .05]); however, logistic regression analysis showed that only @entity687 (odds ratio, 3.96; 95% CI, 1.3-12.0; P   =   .02) and age (odds ratio, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.2-12.7; P   =   .03) were significant independent variables. No statistically significant association was found with other parameters. Multiple linear regressions revealed that the levels of @entity35540 were correlated with @entity687 levels (R2   =   0.248; P   <   .001) and the need for second or third tubes 6 to 12 months after the first (R2   =   0.102; P   =   .006). The presence of @entity35540 in the middle ear was not associated with increased @entity2348 . @entity687 was independent and significantly associated with both @entity35540 levels and @entity2348 (R2   =   0.144 and 0.263, respectively; P   =   .001 for both). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Extraesophageal reflux as indicated by the presence of @entity35540 is closely involved in the middle ear inflammatory process and may worsen the disease in some @entity1 ; however, a proof of cause and effect between extraesophageal reflux and @entity2172 requires further investigation.

title: The role of gastric pepsin in the inflammatory cascade of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['otitis', 'Otitis']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['pediatric otitis media']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The etiology and optimal treatment are unknown for @entity5426 , an aggressive @entity5 that affects vascular endothelial cells and can be mistaken for benign lesions such as @entity2695 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the treatment outcomes of @entity1 with @entity5426 of the face or scalp treated with a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Retrospective study of 55 @entity1 with @entity5426 of the face or scalp treated between January 1, 1973, and December 31, 2012, at a tertiary-care academic medical institution. INTERVENTIONS: Surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Locoregional control (LRC), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 had @entity5426 localized to the face or scalp. Forty of these @entity1 (73%) received a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. Eight @entity1 (15%) were treated with surgery alone, 1 (2%) with radiation alone, 5 (9%) with chemotherapy alone, and 1 (2%) with observation alone. Median (range) follow-up for surviving @entity1 was 25.2 (4.7-227.1) months. Five-year LRC, @entity1349 , and @entity1349 (95% CI) were 18% (7%-32%), 16% (6%-31%), and 38% (21%-54%), respectively. Of 36 @entity1 with failed treatment, 34 had failure in a local and/or regional site. On univariate analysis, the use of multimodality therapy (vs no multimodality therapy) was associated with higher 5-year LRC (95% CI) (20% [3%-37%] vs 11% [0%-29%]; P   =   .04), higher @entity1349 (19% [2%-36%] vs 10% [0%-27%]; P   =   .02), and higher @entity1349 (46% [26%-66%] vs 16% [0%-43%]; P   =   .04). Age 70 years or older (vs <70 years) was associated with lower 5-year LRC (95% CI) (5% [0%-14%] vs 48% [23%-74%]; P   =   .02) and lower @entity1349 (5% [0%-13%] vs 49% [24%-75%]; P   =   .04). Radiation therapy (vs no radiation therapy) was associated with higher 5-year LRC (95% CI) (20% [3%-36%] vs 12% [0%-32%]; P   =   .02) and higher @entity1349 (19% [2%-35%] vs 12% [0%-31%]; P   =   .004). On multivariable analysis, age younger than 70 years (vs >= 70 years) was associated with improved 5-year LRC (95% CI) (48% [23%-74%] vs 5% [0%-14%]; P   =   .03) and @entity1349 (49% [24%-75%] vs 49% [24%-75%]; P   =   .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Multimodality therapy for @entity5426 is associated with improved LRC, @entity1349 , and @entity1349 . Younger @entity1 with resectable disease undergoing multimodality therapy for @entity5426 had the best clinical outcomes.

title: XXXX of the scalp and face: the Mayo Clinic experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'overall survival', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcoma']


abstract: Yaws, caused by @entity14329 ssp. pertenue, is reportedly endemic in Ghana. Mass distribution of @entity4580 is now the cornerstone of the WHO yaws eradication campaign. Mass distribution of @entity4580 at a lower target dose was previously undertaken in two regions of Ghana for the control of @entity11738 . Ongoing reporting of yaws raises the possibility that resistance may have emerged in @entity14329 pertenue, or that alternative infections may be responsible for some of the reported cases. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in thirty communities in two districts of Ghana where MDA for @entity11738 had previously been conducted. @entity1 aged 5-17 years with @entity1066 compatible with yaws were enrolled. Samples for treponemal serology and lesion PCR were collected from all @entity1 . 90 @entity1 with 98 lesions were enrolled. Syphilis serology was negative in all of them. PCR for @entity14329 ssp pertenue was negative in all @entity1 , but @entity36381 DNA was detected in 9 lesions. In these communities, previously treated for @entity11738 , we found no evidence of ongoing transmission of yaws. @entity36381 was associated with a proportion of @entity272 , but the majority of lesions remain unexplained. Integration of diagnostic testing into both pre and post- @entity1865 surveillance systems is required to better inform yaws control programmes.

title: A cross-sectional study of 'yaws' in districts of ghana which have previously undertaken @entity4580 mass drug administration for XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity36381 :: ('730', 'Species') :: ['H. ducreyi', 'Haemophilus ducreyi']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesions']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity14329 :: ('160', 'Species') :: ['T. pallidum', 'Treponema pallidum']

answer: @entity11738 :: (MESH:D014141,Disease) :: ['trachoma']


abstract: Yaws, caused by @entity14329 ssp. pertenue, is reportedly endemic in Ghana. Mass distribution of @entity4580 is now the cornerstone of the WHO yaws eradication campaign. Mass distribution of @entity4580 at a lower target dose was previously undertaken in two regions of Ghana for the control of @entity11738 . Ongoing reporting of yaws raises the possibility that resistance may have emerged in @entity14329 pertenue, or that alternative infections may be responsible for some of the reported cases. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in thirty communities in two districts of Ghana where MDA for @entity11738 had previously been conducted. @entity1 aged 5-17 years with @entity1066 compatible with yaws were enrolled. Samples for treponemal serology and lesion PCR were collected from all @entity1 . 90 @entity1 with 98 lesions were enrolled. Syphilis serology was negative in all of them. PCR for @entity14329 ssp pertenue was negative in all @entity1 , but @entity36381 DNA was detected in 9 lesions. In these communities, previously treated for @entity11738 , we found no evidence of ongoing transmission of yaws. @entity36381 was associated with a proportion of @entity272 , but the majority of lesions remain unexplained. Integration of diagnostic testing into both pre and post- @entity1865 surveillance systems is required to better inform yaws control programmes.

title: A cross-sectional study of 'yaws' in districts of ghana which have previously undertaken XXXX mass drug administration for @entity11738 control.

answer: @entity4580 :: (MESH:D017963,Chemical) :: ['azithromycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of @entity419 (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) staging of @entity150 @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy compared to conventional CT. METHODS: A total of 61 @entity1 underwent FDG PET-CT before RC and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy. A template for extended pelvic lymphadenectomy to the level of the inferior mesenteric artery was divided into 11 anatomic nodal packets. Definitive pathologic findings of resected LNs were correlated with the results of FDG PET-CT and CT alone in a @entity1 - and nodal packet-based manner. RESULTS: Among the 61 @entity1 , pathological staging confirmed @entity1600 @entity3 in 17 @entity1 (27.9  %). In total, 627 @entity1600 packets (2580 LNs) were resected and histologically evaluated. The mean number of LNs removed was 42 (median 40; range 22-118). Of the 627 @entity1600 packets removed, 27 packets (4.3  %) were positive for @entity1600 @entity3 based on pathologic analysis. On a @entity1 -based analysis, FDG PET-CT and conventional CT showed a sensitivity of 47.1 and 29.4  %, respectively, specificity of 93.2 and 97.7  %, respectively, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 72.7 and 78.2  %, respectively, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 82.0 and 78.2  %, respectively. On a nodal packet-based analysis, sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV were 14.8, 97.8, 23.5, and 96.2  %, respectively, for PET-CT and 11.1, 98.7, 27.3, and 96.1  %, respectively, for conventional CT. CONCLUSIONS: Combined FDG PET-CT did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of conventional CT for the detection of @entity1600 @entity3 in @entity150 @entity1 scheduled for RC.

title: FDG PET-CT for Lymph Node Staging of XXXX : A Prospective Study of @entity1 with Extended Pelvic Lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of @entity419 (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) staging of @entity150 @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy compared to conventional CT. METHODS: A total of 61 @entity1 underwent FDG PET-CT before RC and extended pelvic lymphadenectomy. A template for extended pelvic lymphadenectomy to the level of the inferior mesenteric artery was divided into 11 anatomic nodal packets. Definitive pathologic findings of resected LNs were correlated with the results of FDG PET-CT and CT alone in a @entity1 - and nodal packet-based manner. RESULTS: Among the 61 @entity1 , pathological staging confirmed @entity1600 @entity3 in 17 @entity1 (27.9  %). In total, 627 @entity1600 packets (2580 LNs) were resected and histologically evaluated. The mean number of LNs removed was 42 (median 40; range 22-118). Of the 627 @entity1600 packets removed, 27 packets (4.3  %) were positive for @entity1600 @entity3 based on pathologic analysis. On a @entity1 -based analysis, FDG PET-CT and conventional CT showed a sensitivity of 47.1 and 29.4  %, respectively, specificity of 93.2 and 97.7  %, respectively, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 72.7 and 78.2  %, respectively, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 82.0 and 78.2  %, respectively. On a nodal packet-based analysis, sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV were 14.8, 97.8, 23.5, and 96.2  %, respectively, for PET-CT and 11.1, 98.7, 27.3, and 96.1  %, respectively, for conventional CT. CONCLUSIONS: Combined FDG PET-CT did not improve the diagnostic accuracy of conventional CT for the detection of @entity1600 @entity3 in @entity150 @entity1 scheduled for RC.

title: FDG PET-CT for Lymph Node Staging of @entity150 : A Prospective Study of XXXX with Extended Pelvic Lymphadenectomy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate demographics, characteristics, and outcomes of @entity542 (OGIs) in @entity64 (MVAs). METHODS: Retrospective chart review of @entity1 with OGIs related to MVAs that presented to University Hospital, Newark, from 2000 to 2012. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were identified; the average age of the @entity1 was 33.3 years old (range, 5-75). The majority of @entity1 (64 %) were males. The 25 vehicles comprised 24 automobiles and one motorcycle. Ten @entity1 (40 %) wore seatbelts, and five (20 %) did not wear seatbelts. The seatbelt status was not documented in the remaining cases. Ethanol was documented as a contributing factor in five of the accidents. In terms of open-globe classification, 15 OGIs (60 %) were ruptures, and five (20 %) were penetrating injuries; three (12 %) had intraocular foreign bodies. Ten eyes (40 %) had a final VA of 20/400 or worse. Fourteen eyes (56 %) achieved a final VA of 20/200 or better; seven eyes (28 %) achieved a final VA of 20/40 or better. CONCLUSION: Fifty-six percent of eyes with an open-globe injury related to MVAs achieved a final VA of 20/200 or better in this series. No eyes developed endophthalmitis.

title: XXXX with @entity64 : a 12-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['motor vehicle accidents']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open-globe injuries']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Open-globe injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate demographics, characteristics, and outcomes of @entity542 (OGIs) in @entity64 (MVAs). METHODS: Retrospective chart review of @entity1 with OGIs related to MVAs that presented to University Hospital, Newark, from 2000 to 2012. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were identified; the average age of the @entity1 was 33.3 years old (range, 5-75). The majority of @entity1 (64 %) were males. The 25 vehicles comprised 24 automobiles and one motorcycle. Ten @entity1 (40 %) wore seatbelts, and five (20 %) did not wear seatbelts. The seatbelt status was not documented in the remaining cases. Ethanol was documented as a contributing factor in five of the accidents. In terms of open-globe classification, 15 OGIs (60 %) were ruptures, and five (20 %) were penetrating injuries; three (12 %) had intraocular foreign bodies. Ten eyes (40 %) had a final VA of 20/400 or worse. Fourteen eyes (56 %) achieved a final VA of 20/200 or better; seven eyes (28 %) achieved a final VA of 20/40 or better. CONCLUSION: Fifty-six percent of eyes with an open-globe injury related to MVAs achieved a final VA of 20/200 or better in this series. No eyes developed endophthalmitis.

title: @entity542 with XXXX : a 12-year review.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['motor vehicle accidents']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Wave reflections and arterial stiffness are independent cardiovascular risk factors in @entity454 . Previous studies in this population included only static recordings before and after dialysis. This study investigated the variation of these indices during intra- and interdialytic intervals and examined demographic, clinical, and hemodynamic variables related to arterial function in @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: Between February 2013 and May 2014, a total of 153 @entity1 receiving maintenance hemodialysis in five dialysis centers of northern Greece underwent ambulatory BP monitoring with the newly introduced Mobil-O-Graph device (IEM, Stolberg, Germany) over a midweek dialysis session and the subsequent interdialytic period. Mobil-O-Graph is an oscillometric device that records brachial BP and pulse waves and estimates, via generalized transfer function, aortic BP, augmentation index (AIx) as a measure of wave reflections, and pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) as an index of arterial stiffness. RESULTS: AIx was lower during dialysis than in the interdialytic period of dialysis-on day (Day 1) (mean  SD, 24.7%  9.7% versus 26.8%  9.4%; P<0.001). In contrast, @entity122 remained unchanged between these intervals (9.31  2.2 versus 9.29  2.3 m/sec; P=0.60). Both AIx and @entity122 increased during dialysis-off day (Day 2) versus the out-of-dialysis period of Day 1 (28.8%  9.8% versus 26.8%  9.4% [P<0.001] and 9.39  2.3 versus 9.29  2.3 m/sec [P<0.001]). Older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.02 to 1.15), female sex (OR, 7.56; 95% CI, 1.64 to 34.81), @entity6 status (OR, 8.84; 95% CI, 1.76 to 17.48), and higher mean BP (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.27) were associated with higher odds of high AIx; higher heart rate was associated with lower odds (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.80) of high AIx. Older age (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.61 to 2.58) and higher mean BP (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.27) were independent correlates of high @entity122 . CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a gradual interdialytic increase in AIx, whereas @entity122 was only slightly elevated during Day 2. Future studies are needed to elucidate the value of these ambulatory measures for cardiovascular risk prediction in @entity454 .

title: Ambulatory recording of wave reflections and arterial stiffness during intra- and interdialytic periods in XXXX treated with dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Vena caval extension of @entity1358 occurs in 4 to 10 per cent of the @entity1 and usually is considered a poor prognostic sign. To ascertain the true effect of vena caval extension on survival a retrospective analysis was done of 27 @entity1 who had undergone radical nephrectomy and removal of vena caval thrombus between 1970 and 1980. An additional 46 cases were collected from series in the literature and composite statistics were compiled. Extension to the vena cava alone had a limited impact on prognosis (survival for 2 years--81 per cent, 5 years--53 per cent, median--81 months). Capsular invasion negatively influenced survival (2-year survival 66 per cent). Disease in the regional lymph nodes had a much greater impact on survival, with a 2-year survival rate of 35 per cent and no @entity1 survived 5 years (median survival 24 months). Only 5 per cent of the @entity1 with distant @entity3 survived 2 years and none survived 5 years (median survival 8.5 months). In conclusion, the prognosis of @entity1 with vena caval @entity5 thrombus is influenced primarily by known adverse prognostic factors: capsular invasion, @entity66 and distant @entity3 . Aggressive surgery in @entity1 with gross nodal involvement or distant @entity3 is unwarranted since it contributes nothing to survival and only 7 per cent of the @entity1 had significant signs or symptoms secondary to the vena caval thrombus itself. @entity1 with vena caval extension alone have a cure rate approaching that of @entity1 with stage I @entity703 following radical @entity715 .

title: Prognostic implications of vena caval extension of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['nephrectomy and complete removal of the vena caval thrombus']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of our multicenter study was to assess the clinical outcome and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity1557 ). METHODS: From May 2011 to February 2013, 42 @entity1 with 51 @entity1557 in one or both breasts were selected for treatment with US-guided HIFU. Eight of 51 @entity1557 were treated twice. @entity1 ' age ranged from 16 to 52  years (mean 32  years). All @entity1 with @entity1557 underwent core needle biopsy with histological confirmation. HIFU treatment was performed as an outpatient procedure under conscious sedation. Exclusion criteria were pregnant or lactating @entity1 , microcalcifications within the lesion at mammogram, history of @entity0 , previous laser or radiation therapy, and breast implant in the same breast. All @entity1 signed written informed consent. After the treatment, follow-up US with volume evaluation was performed at 2, 6, and 12  months. RESULTS: The @entity1557 mean baseline volume was 3.89  ml (0.34-19.66  ml). At 2-month follow-up, the mean volume reduction was 33.2%        19.1% and achieved significance at 6-month (59.2%        18.2%, p   <   0.001) and 12-month (72.5%        16.7%, p   <   0.001) follow-up. Related side effects as superficial skin burn with @entity4530 -like aspect in three @entity1 and @entity2117 over the treated area in one @entity1 were transient and resolved spontaneously. In one @entity1 , asymptomatic subcutaneous induration persisted at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: US-guided HIFU treatment is an effective noninvasive method for the treatment of breast @entity1557 and well tolerated by the @entity1 . Preliminary results are encouraging and show that HIFU could be an alternative to surgery for breast @entity1557 .

title: Ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment of XXXX -a multicenter experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast fibroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast fibroadenoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Multiple trials have shown improved survival and functional outcome in @entity1 treated with decompressive craniectomy (DC) for @entity4 following @entity64 . It has been assumed that decompression induces an improvement in cerebral perfusion. This observational study directly measured cerebral perfusion before and after decompression. METHODS Sixteen @entity1 were prospectively examined with perfusion CT within 6 hours prior to surgery and 12 hours after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative perfusion measurements were compared and correlated. RESULTS Following DC there was a significant increase in cerebral blood flow in all measured territories and additionally an increase in cerebral blood volume in the penumbra (p = 0.03). These changes spread as far as the contralateral hemisphere. No significant changes in mean transit time or Tmax (time-to-peak residue function) were observed. CONCLUSIONS The presurgical perfusion abnormalities likely reflected local pressure-induced hypoperfusion with impaired autoregulation. The improvement in perfusion after decompression implied an increase in perfusion pressure, likely linked to partial restoration of autoregulation. The increase in perfusion that was observed might partially be responsible for improved clinical outcome following decompressive surgery for @entity64 . The predictive value of perfusion CT on outcome needs to be evaluated in larger trials.

title: The influence of decompressive craniectomy for XXXX on early cerebral perfusion.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['major stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['major stroke']


abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor b (TGFb) superfamily, play important roles in folliculogenesis in various species; however, little is known about their role in luteal function. In this study, we investigated the expression, regulation, and effects of @entity1841 , @entity13062 , and @entity11673 in carefully dated @entity1 corpora lutea and cultured @entity1 luteinized granulosa cells. The mRNA abundance of BMPs was increased in the regressing corpus luteum in vivo (P < .01-.001). @entity1 @entity1465 down-regulated @entity1841 , @entity13062 , and @entity11673 transcripts both in vivo (P = .05-.001) and in vitro (P < .001), and decreased the mRNA abundance of BMP receptors ( @entity1842 , @entity30713 , @entity3823 ; P < .05-.01) in vitro. Three BMPs were regulated by differential signaling pathways. H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, increased the expression of both @entity1841 (P < .05) and @entity13062 (P < .05) while decreasing @entity11673 (P < .01). PMA, a protein kinase C activator, decreased both @entity13062 and @entity11673 expression (P < .0001) while enhancing the mRNA abundance of @entity1841 (P < .01). BMPs significantly down-regulated transcripts for @entity10548 ( @entity10548 ; P < .001) and @entity624 ( @entity624 ; P < .001), whereas up-regulating those of @entity23385 ( @entity23385 ; P < .01) and aromatase ( @entity4819 ; P < .05-.01) in vitro, possessing an effect opposite to hCG but similar to Activin A. Like Activin A, @entity13062 and @entity11673 stimulated the expression of Inhibin/Activin subunits with a marked effect on @entity35859 expression (P < .05-.01). These data confirm that BMPs are increased during luteal regression and negatively regulated by hCG via differential mechanisms, suggesting that BMPs are one of the mediators of luteolysis in @entity1 .

title: Bone morphogenetic proteins are mediators of luteolysis in the XXXX corpus luteum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity624 :: ('6770', 'Gene') :: ['STAR', 'steroidogenic acute regulatory protein']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)']

entities_list: @entity23385 :: ('2492', 'Gene') :: ['follicular stimulating hormone receptor', 'FSHR']

entities_list: @entity10548 :: ('3973', 'Gene') :: ['LHCGR', 'LH/choriogonadotropin receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']