abstract: A long-term prospective study of 100 @entity1 undergoing @entity10145 was carried out in an attempt to delineate the natural history of these @entity1 and to assess the relative significance of preoperative factors as determinants of long-term outcome. Neurological findings were documented preoperatively and at 1 month, 1 year, and 5 to 10 years postoperatively. A questionnaire using subjective and objective data was given to @entity1 at 1 year and 5 to 10 years postoperatively. An 83% long-term follow-up result was obtained. At a minimum of 5 years postoperatively, 62% of @entity1 had complete relief of back @entity158 and 62% had complete relief of leg @entity158 ; 96% were pleased that they had submitted to surgery and 93% were able to return to work. Nine percent reported that their back @entity158 at 5 to 10 years was as severe as or worse than preoperatively and 11% reported that their leg @entity158 was as severe as or worse than preoperatively. The reoperation rate was 18%. Preoperative factors found to be significantly associated with outcome at 1 year postoperatively were not significantly associated with outcome at 5 to 10 years postoperatively. The results of @entity10145 appear favorable as evaluated in this study. Preoperative factors useful as predictors of short-term outcome are much less reliable when considering the long-term results.

title: Long-term prospective study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral discectomy']

answer: @entity10145 :: (MESH:C537221,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral discectomy']


abstract: Physicians and @entity1 have variable and individual levels of comfort regarding when to begin salvage therapy for rising @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) after definitive treatment of @entity263 . The decision to start salvage therapy is a multifactorial process for which few rigorous data or guidelines exist. A questionnaire survey of urologists of the Department of Defense (DoD) Center for @entity4623 Research (CPDR) was undertaken to obtain current perspectives on when to begin salvage therapy for biochemical failure after definitive therapy. Variables of age, grade, @entity5 , nodal status, performance status, latency since prior therapy, @entity1486 velocity, and ploidy were prioritized in four clinical situations; subsequent questions assessed consensus @entity1486 cut-offs for beginning adjuvant therapy in 84 clinical scenarios. Consensus on @entity1486 cut-off points was limited to postoperative radiotherapy (RT), where values of 1.0-1.5 were the mean cut-off points. CPDR urologists consider salvage prostatectomy post-RT only for @entity1 <70-y-old with node negative, grade 2-7 disease and excellent performance status. Ploidy was not generally considered useful in any scenario. Many variables in addition to @entity1486 level are involved in the decision of when to commence adjuvant therapy for initial biochemical failure. These are strikingly interdependent, and few clear absolutes are evident from this questionnaire. This is a point of necessary further research and continued discussion among physicians caring for these @entity1 .

title: Initiation of salvage therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate Disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the perioperative outcome of @entity1 >or=13 years old undergoing surgery for @entity299 in a @entity1 's hospital by a dedicated congenital heart surgery and anesthesia team with procedure-matched younger control @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review study. From October 1997 to July 2000, medical records of all @entity1 >12 years old requiring cardiopulmonary bypass were reviewed. A control group of @entity1 <or=5 years old was reviewed, and 2 @entity1 were matched to each older @entity1 by diagnosis and surgical procedure. Data are reported as mean +/- SD. Older (study) @entity1 were compared with younger (control) @entity1 using t-test or chi square, with p <or= 0.05 significant. SETTING: Medical school-affiliated tertiary-care @entity1 's hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing congenital heart surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The study group (older @entity1 ) comprised 85 @entity1 , and the control group (younger @entity1 ) comprised 170 @entity1 . There were no intraoperative deaths. All major complications-cardiopulmonary resuscitation, @entity16 , @entity548 with sternotomy, femoral cannulation for emergent bypass, and severe episodes of @entity551 on induction of anesthesia-occurred in older @entity1 undergoing repeat sternotomy. CONCLUSION: Mortality and major morbidity were low in both groups; however, all major intraoperative incidents occurred in older repeat sternotomy @entity1 , suggesting increased perioperative risk for adverse outcomes in these @entity1 .

title: Anesthetic and perioperative outcome of teenagers and adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: FtsA plays an essential role in @entity526 cell division and is nearly ubiquitous in eubacteria. Several evidences postulated the ability of FtsA to interact with other septation proteins and with itself. To investigate these binding properties, we screened a phage-display library with FtsA. The isolated peptides defined a degenerate consensus sequence, which in turn displayed a striking similarity with residues 126-133 of FtsA itself. This result suggested that residues 126-133 were involved in homodimerization of FtsA. The hypothesis was supported by the analysis of correlated mutations, which identified a mutual relationship between a group of @entity1522 encompassing the @entity855 -binding site and a set of residues immediately downstream to @entity1522 126-133. This information was used to assemble a model of a FtsA homodimer, whose accuracy was confirmed by probing multiple alternative docking solutions. Moreover, a prediction of residues responsible for protein-protein interaction validated the proposed model and confirmed once more the importance of residues 126-133 for homodimerization. To functionally characterize this region, we introduced a deletion in ftsA, where residues 126-133 were skipped. This mutant failed to complement conditional lethal alleles of ftsA, demonstrating that @entity1522 126-133 play an essential role in @entity526 .

title: Phage-display and correlated mutations identify an essential region of subdomain 1C involved in homodimerization of XXXX FtsA.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) surgery is a controversial topic. We analyzed our long-term surgical results in a set of @entity1 who underwent @entity1348 surgery in our unit from January 1995 through December 1996. We used a simple methodology based on 4 criteria: @entity158 , mouth opening, type of feeding and @entity1 satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed 21 operated @entity1 who had been managed by an orthodontist after surgery. The post-surgical follow-up was 4 years. @entity1 age at surgery ranged from 14 to 51 years; the sex ratio was 1/9 M/F. Seventeen @entity1 suffered a closed-lock, 2 had @entity82 . Fifteen @entity1 underwent bilateral @entity1348 arthrotomy with joint fixation and, very often, mandibulo-condylar-plasty to counteract the bony compression inside the joint. We rated outcome as "very good" if four factors were found: resolution or improvement of @entity158 , more than 40 mm post-surgery mouth opening or at least 10 mm improvement for @entity1 with less than 40 mm post-surgical mouth opening, normal feeding, subjective satisfaction rated as very or quite good. Outcome was thus rated as very good (4 factors), quite good (3 factors), good (2 factors), poor (1 factor), failure (0 factors). RESULTS: Resolution of @entity158 was achieved in 55% of the @entity1 with an improvement in the others. All @entity1 recovered normal feeding. Mouth opening remained limited for two @entity1 . Subjective @entity1 satisfaction was very or quite good in 80% of the cases. Outcome was rated very good in 9 @entity1 , quite good in 7, and good in 5. There were no @entity1 with poor outcome or failure. Analysis of the good outcome group showed that 3 had experience a post-surgery @entity130 , one had not complied with rehabilitation therapy, and one suffered from undiagnosed rheumatoid @entity625 . CONCLUSION: According to the literature, @entity1348 surgery is an effective means of treating @entity2531 . We obtained good and stable outcome in @entity1 who participated in our postoperative follow-up. The @entity1348 is a @entity2100 susceptible to @entity130 .

title: [Retrospective study of two years of surgery for @entity1348 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous ankylosis of the disc']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile joint particularly']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain and reducing dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain dysfunction syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) surgery is a controversial topic. We analyzed our long-term surgical results in a set of @entity1 who underwent @entity1348 surgery in our unit from January 1995 through December 1996. We used a simple methodology based on 4 criteria: @entity158 , mouth opening, type of feeding and @entity1 satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed 21 operated @entity1 who had been managed by an orthodontist after surgery. The post-surgical follow-up was 4 years. @entity1 age at surgery ranged from 14 to 51 years; the sex ratio was 1/9 M/F. Seventeen @entity1 suffered a closed-lock, 2 had @entity82 . Fifteen @entity1 underwent bilateral @entity1348 arthrotomy with joint fixation and, very often, mandibulo-condylar-plasty to counteract the bony compression inside the joint. We rated outcome as "very good" if four factors were found: resolution or improvement of @entity158 , more than 40 mm post-surgery mouth opening or at least 10 mm improvement for @entity1 with less than 40 mm post-surgical mouth opening, normal feeding, subjective satisfaction rated as very or quite good. Outcome was thus rated as very good (4 factors), quite good (3 factors), good (2 factors), poor (1 factor), failure (0 factors). RESULTS: Resolution of @entity158 was achieved in 55% of the @entity1 with an improvement in the others. All @entity1 recovered normal feeding. Mouth opening remained limited for two @entity1 . Subjective @entity1 satisfaction was very or quite good in 80% of the cases. Outcome was rated very good in 9 @entity1 , quite good in 7, and good in 5. There were no @entity1 with poor outcome or failure. Analysis of the good outcome group showed that 3 had experience a post-surgery @entity130 , one had not complied with rehabilitation therapy, and one suffered from undiagnosed rheumatoid @entity625 . CONCLUSION: According to the literature, @entity1348 surgery is an effective means of treating @entity2531 . We obtained good and stable outcome in @entity1 who participated in our postoperative follow-up. The @entity1348 is a @entity2100 susceptible to @entity130 .

title: [Retrospective study of two years of surgery for XXXX @entity158 ].

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: @entity5 are a relatively rare complication of @entity29 . In contrast, @entity14 remains a major concern for @entity1 with long-standing UC. The best available evidence suggests that @entity1 with long-standing @entity30 are at similar risk for @entity14 as those @entity1 with long-standing UC. In @entity1 with UC, the magnitude of this increased risk appears to be greater in @entity1 with more extensive colonic involvement. It appears that the magnitude of this risk increases with increasing duration of disease, at least in UC. Whether this reflects the increased risk of @entity5 that occurs with the aging process or a separate phenomena distinct to UC is unclear. To date, the methods available to reduce the risk of @entity5 are less than optimal. Although surgical procedures eliminate the risk, the mental and physical sequelae of these procedures can be substantial. Surveillance with colonoscopic biopsies is likely effective in reducing although not eliminating the risk of @entity14 . Efforts to develop chemopreventative agents and improved surveillance methods remain areas of active investigation.

title: Colonic dysplasia and @entity5 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Extracolonic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's colitis"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: @entity5 are a relatively rare complication of @entity29 . In contrast, @entity14 remains a major concern for @entity1 with long-standing UC. The best available evidence suggests that @entity1 with long-standing @entity30 are at similar risk for @entity14 as those @entity1 with long-standing UC. In @entity1 with UC, the magnitude of this increased risk appears to be greater in @entity1 with more extensive colonic involvement. It appears that the magnitude of this risk increases with increasing duration of disease, at least in UC. Whether this reflects the increased risk of @entity5 that occurs with the aging process or a separate phenomena distinct to UC is unclear. To date, the methods available to reduce the risk of @entity5 are less than optimal. Although surgical procedures eliminate the risk, the mental and physical sequelae of these procedures can be substantial. Surveillance with colonoscopic biopsies is likely effective in reducing although not eliminating the risk of @entity14 . Efforts to develop chemopreventative agents and improved surveillance methods remain areas of active investigation.

title: Colonic dysplasia and XXXX in @entity29 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: APD is not a label for a @entity66 entity but rather a description of functional deficits [3]. It is a complex and heterogeneous group of auditory-specific disorders usually associated with a range of listening and @entity4207 [3,4]. Underlying APD is a deficit observed in one or more of the auditory processes responsible for generating the auditory evoked potentials and the following behaviors: around localization and lateralization; auditory discrimination; auditory pattern recognition; temporal aspects of audition, including temporal resolution, masking, integration, and ordering; auditory performance with competing acoustic signals; and auditory performance with degraded acoustic signals [2]. Comprehensive assessment is necessary for the accurate differential diagnosis of APD from other "look-alike" disorders, most notably @entity71 and language processing disorders. Speech-language pathologists, psychologists, educators, and physicians contribute to this more comprehensive assessment. The primary role of otolaryngologists is to evaluate and treat peripheral @entity2167 , such as @entity2172 . @entity1 with APDs may present to an otolaryngologist, thus requiring the physician to make appropriate referral for assessment and intervention. Currently, diagnosis of APD is based on the outcomes of behavioral tests, supplemented by electroacoustic measures and, to a lesser extent, by electrophysiologic measures [1]. Intervention for APD focuses on improving the quality of the acoustic signal and the listening environment, improving auditory skills, and enhancing utilization of metacognitive and language resources [2]. Additional controlled case studies and single-subject and group research designs are needed to ascertain systematically the relative efficacy of various treatment and management approaches.

title: Deciphering auditory processing disorders in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['unitary disease']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disorders']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning deficits']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The authors have reviewed 22 cases of proximal disarticulations with the aim of assessing the therapeutic value, taking into account previous radio- and chemotherapy. The following criteria were especially examined: recurrences, survival, quality of life. There were 13/22 soft tissue @entity242 , 9/22 @entity79 . In 10 instances, the @entity5 was primary and treated for the first time whilst, in 12 cases, it was recurrence. Eighteen @entity1 had been previously treated by non radical surgery, 11 by radiotherapy and 10 by chemotherapy. For @entity5 , six @entity1 underwent an inter-scapulo-thoracic disarticulation and three an inter-scapulo-thoracic resection according to Tykhor-Lindberg. For lower limb @entity5 , seven @entity1 were submitted to inter-ilio-abdominal disarticulation, three to @entity2096 and one to internal hemipelvectomy according to Eilber. Mean disease free interval has been 34.5 months and mean survival 38.5 months. Three out of 20 evaluable @entity1 (15%) recurred locally although most of them benefited from second surgery. Quality of life has been excellent in general despite the fact that only seven @entity1 accepted wearing a prosthesis. Karnofsky index ranged between 60 and 100%. No significant difference was seen, whether or not previous radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy had been administered.

title: Therapeutic value of scapular and pelvic girdle disarticulations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['coxo-femoral disarticulation']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: @entity4878 produce @entity154 in @entity1573 embryos. Outgrowth of the frontonasal mass with accompanying cartilage differentiation and pattern formation is inhibited. In contrast, the development of the mandibular primordia that give rise to the lower beak proceeds normally. To investigate whether the upper beak defect is based on the inhibition of cartilage differentiation specifically in the frontonasal mass, the effects of @entity4878 on chondrogenesis in micromass (high density) cultures of cells from facial primordia have been studied. When either 10(-6) M @entity1968 or 10(-8) M (E)-4-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-napthalenyl-1- propenyl]benzoic acid ( @entity71078 ; a stable @entity554 ) is added to the culture medium, cartilage differentiation is inhibited. Both frontonasal mass and mandible cultures are equally affected. The concentration of @entity71078 found in both facial primordia in vivo, after a treatment that produces the defect, is also about 10(-8) M. This rules out preferential accumulation of the @entity554 by the frontonasal mass as an explanation for the defect. In fact, the concentration of @entity554 found in vivo, should, from the culture studies, be sufficient to markedly inhibit chondrogenesis in both the frontonasal mass and mandibles. The effects of exposure to @entity4878 in the intact face appear to be different to those in culture. Furthermore, when cells from @entity554 -treated facial primordia are cultured in micromass, the extent and pattern of chondrogenesis in frontonasal mass cultures is identical to that of cells from untreated primordia. Cartilage differentiation in mandible cultures is slightly affected. These findings suggest that @entity4878 do not produce the specific @entity154 by directly interfering with cartilage differentiation.

title: The effects of XXXX on cartilage differentiation in micromass cultures of @entity1573 facial primordia and the relationship to a specific @entity154 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial defects', 'facial defect']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids', 'Retinoids']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity4878 :: (MESH:D012176,Chemical) :: ['retinoids']


abstract: @entity4878 produce @entity154 in @entity1573 embryos. Outgrowth of the frontonasal mass with accompanying cartilage differentiation and pattern formation is inhibited. In contrast, the development of the mandibular primordia that give rise to the lower beak proceeds normally. To investigate whether the upper beak defect is based on the inhibition of cartilage differentiation specifically in the frontonasal mass, the effects of @entity4878 on chondrogenesis in micromass (high density) cultures of cells from facial primordia have been studied. When either 10(-6) M @entity1968 or 10(-8) M (E)-4-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-napthalenyl-1- propenyl]benzoic acid ( @entity71078 ; a stable @entity554 ) is added to the culture medium, cartilage differentiation is inhibited. Both frontonasal mass and mandible cultures are equally affected. The concentration of @entity71078 found in both facial primordia in vivo, after a treatment that produces the defect, is also about 10(-8) M. This rules out preferential accumulation of the @entity554 by the frontonasal mass as an explanation for the defect. In fact, the concentration of @entity554 found in vivo, should, from the culture studies, be sufficient to markedly inhibit chondrogenesis in both the frontonasal mass and mandibles. The effects of exposure to @entity4878 in the intact face appear to be different to those in culture. Furthermore, when cells from @entity554 -treated facial primordia are cultured in micromass, the extent and pattern of chondrogenesis in frontonasal mass cultures is identical to that of cells from untreated primordia. Cartilage differentiation in mandible cultures is slightly affected. These findings suggest that @entity4878 do not produce the specific @entity154 by directly interfering with cartilage differentiation.

title: The effects of @entity4878 on cartilage differentiation in micromass cultures of XXXX facial primordia and the relationship to a specific @entity154 .

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: @entity4878 produce @entity154 in @entity1573 embryos. Outgrowth of the frontonasal mass with accompanying cartilage differentiation and pattern formation is inhibited. In contrast, the development of the mandibular primordia that give rise to the lower beak proceeds normally. To investigate whether the upper beak defect is based on the inhibition of cartilage differentiation specifically in the frontonasal mass, the effects of @entity4878 on chondrogenesis in micromass (high density) cultures of cells from facial primordia have been studied. When either 10(-6) M @entity1968 or 10(-8) M (E)-4-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-napthalenyl-1- propenyl]benzoic acid ( @entity71078 ; a stable @entity554 ) is added to the culture medium, cartilage differentiation is inhibited. Both frontonasal mass and mandible cultures are equally affected. The concentration of @entity71078 found in both facial primordia in vivo, after a treatment that produces the defect, is also about 10(-8) M. This rules out preferential accumulation of the @entity554 by the frontonasal mass as an explanation for the defect. In fact, the concentration of @entity554 found in vivo, should, from the culture studies, be sufficient to markedly inhibit chondrogenesis in both the frontonasal mass and mandibles. The effects of exposure to @entity4878 in the intact face appear to be different to those in culture. Furthermore, when cells from @entity554 -treated facial primordia are cultured in micromass, the extent and pattern of chondrogenesis in frontonasal mass cultures is identical to that of cells from untreated primordia. Cartilage differentiation in mandible cultures is slightly affected. These findings suggest that @entity4878 do not produce the specific @entity154 by directly interfering with cartilage differentiation.

title: The effects of @entity4878 on cartilage differentiation in micromass cultures of @entity1573 facial primordia and the relationship to a specific XXXX .

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['facial defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8193 is a well described phenomenon in adult @entity1 with severe @entity565 . However, this entity is rarely reported in @entity1 with @entity748 . OBJECTIVE: To report our experience in a 13-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity8193 as a complication of @entity748 and to investigate the prevalence of this complication of severe @entity565 . We sought to determine the frequency of @entity8193 in such @entity1 and to review etiologies of @entity8193 . METHODS: 1) Observations on the clinical and laboratory findings in an adolescent @entity1 with @entity748 who developed @entity8193 were recorded. 2) The medical records of 100 @entity1 and adolescents with @entity748 admitted to an intensive care unit were reviewed for laboratory evidence of @entity8193 . 3) We also reviewed our own previous experience of @entity748 with @entity1576 . RESULTS: Among 100 @entity1 admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit for @entity748 , a single case of isolated @entity520 was identified. This proved to be attributable to @entity8193 . When records of @entity1 with severe @entity1576 were examined, no cases of @entity520 were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, @entity8193 does occur in pediatric-aged @entity1 during @entity748 . It is important that this complication be recognized and treated because @entity520 may inhibit the effectiveness of bronchodilator therapy, produce electrolyte disturbances, and cause serious adverse effects on the @entity1 's cardiovascular system.

title: XXXX and @entity748 : how common in pediatrics?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['status asthmaticus']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['Lactic acidosis', 'lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis', 'acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity8193 :: (MESH:D000140,Disease) :: ['Lactic acidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8193 is a well described phenomenon in adult @entity1 with severe @entity565 . However, this entity is rarely reported in @entity1 with @entity748 . OBJECTIVE: To report our experience in a 13-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity8193 as a complication of @entity748 and to investigate the prevalence of this complication of severe @entity565 . We sought to determine the frequency of @entity8193 in such @entity1 and to review etiologies of @entity8193 . METHODS: 1) Observations on the clinical and laboratory findings in an adolescent @entity1 with @entity748 who developed @entity8193 were recorded. 2) The medical records of 100 @entity1 and adolescents with @entity748 admitted to an intensive care unit were reviewed for laboratory evidence of @entity8193 . 3) We also reviewed our own previous experience of @entity748 with @entity1576 . RESULTS: Among 100 @entity1 admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit for @entity748 , a single case of isolated @entity520 was identified. This proved to be attributable to @entity8193 . When records of @entity1 with severe @entity1576 were examined, no cases of @entity520 were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, @entity8193 does occur in pediatric-aged @entity1 during @entity748 . It is important that this complication be recognized and treated because @entity520 may inhibit the effectiveness of bronchodilator therapy, produce electrolyte disturbances, and cause serious adverse effects on the @entity1 's cardiovascular system.

title: @entity8193 and XXXX : how common in pediatrics?

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['status asthmaticus']


abstract: We report the results of treatment in eight @entity1 who had posteromedial dislocation of the ankle without @entity174 . The ages of seven of the eight @entity1 ranged from twenty-three to thirty-six years. Four @entity1 had increased generalized @entity10089 . One-half of the injuries were sustained during athletic competition. The mechanism of injury appeared to be forced inversion of the foot when it was maximally plantar flexed and axially loaded. Five of the eight @entity1 had an @entity542 , and four of the five @entity1 had an associated @entity531 . No @entity1 had an injury to the distal tibiofibular ligaments or to the syndesmosis. The three @entity1 who had a @entity3029 achieved good long-term functional and roentgenographic results after closed reduction and immobilization. The @entity1 who had an @entity542 that was treated by anatomical repair of the disrupted lateral ligaments at the time of initial d  bridement also achieved good long-term functional and roentgenographic results. It does not appear to be necessary to repair the deltoid ligament. In one @entity1 who had an @entity3029 and in whom the lateral ligaments were not repaired, moderate instability of the ankle resulted and degenerative changes developed in the joint.

title: Posteromedial dislocation of the ankle without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open injury']

entities_list: @entity10089 :: ('MESH:C536012', 'Disease') :: ['ligamentous laxity']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the anterolateral neurovascular structures']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['closed dislocation', 'open dislocation']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe the results of an organ-sparing approach for the treatment of non-metastatic, invasive @entity150 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 (mean age 71 years; age range 47-87 years) with @entity150 of clinical stage T2-T3N0M0 and histologically proven muscle invasion were examined between 1992 and 1998. The median duration of follow-up was 30 months. The treatment protocol for intra-arterial chemotherapy consisted of @entity1499 30 mg/m(2) and @entity900 50 mg/m(2) in 7 @entity1 and @entity900 50 mg/m(2) in 16 @entity1 , administered in three cycles via catheters inserted in the internal iliac arteries. Concomitantly, 41.4 Gy of radiotherapy was given to the lesser pelvis. Transurethral biopsy and urine cytology were performed after the completion of treatment; @entity1 were followed observationally if @entity41 was absent, and underwent radical cystectomy if it was present. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, 18 @entity1 (78%) showed a complete response (CR) and the bladder was spared in all cases. Radical cystectomy was performed for 4 non-CR cases, with the result that 2 cases had residual superficial @entity5 and the other 2 had muscle-invading @entity5 histologically. Among the @entity1 with a CR, 2 experienced intravesical recurrence. Overall, 2 @entity1 died of @entity5 , 5 died of other causes and 2 died during treatment. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 70.3% and the overall survival rate 46.4%. CONCLUSIONS: A bladder-sparing approach for the treatment of muscle-invading @entity150 which utilizes combined intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy may arrest the decline in quality of life induced by urinary diversion and yield equivalent therapeutic benefit to that of radical cystectomy.

title: An organ-sparing treatment using combined intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy for muscle-invading XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: In @entity1985 , large amounts of plasma proteins are lost in urine, causing a decrease in the plasma oncotic pressure. This leads to enhanced hepatic synthesis of albumin and other proteins, including lipoproteins, causing a secondary @entity407 . Essential @entity1718 such as @entity18943 (GLA) can prevent accumulation of @entity165 in the body, and spirulina has an appreciable amount of GLA. In this study 23 @entity1 (age 2 to 13 years) with @entity1985 received either medication (group I) or medication plus 1 g/day Spirulina (group II). Height, weight, and serum levels of fasting blood sugar, @entity1674 , total @entity165 (TC), and low- and high-density @entity165 fractions (LDL-C and HDL-C, respectively) were measured before and after the 2-month study period. Mean height and weight were normal compared with healthy, age-matched Indian @entity1 . Lipoprotein @entity165 levels were significantly increased at baseline. TC significantly decreased by 116.33 mg/dl, LDL-C by 94.14 mg/dl, and @entity1674 by 67.72 mg/dl in group II; in control group I, these values fell by 69.87, 61.13, and 22.62 mg/dl, respectively. The LDL-C:HDL-C ratio also decreased significantly, by 1.66 in group II and 1.13 in group I. TC:HDL-C decreased by 1.96 in group II and 1.19 in group I. HDL-C:LDL-C also improved significantly in both the groups. It can be concluded that spray-dried Spirulina capsules, rich in antioxidants, GLA, @entity1522 , and @entity1718 , helped reduce the increased levels of lipids in @entity1 with @entity1985 .

title: Hypocholesterolemic effect of spirulina in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity18943 :: ('MESH:D017965', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemic nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemic nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: In @entity1985 , large amounts of plasma proteins are lost in urine, causing a decrease in the plasma oncotic pressure. This leads to enhanced hepatic synthesis of albumin and other proteins, including lipoproteins, causing a secondary @entity407 . Essential @entity1718 such as @entity18943 (GLA) can prevent accumulation of @entity165 in the body, and spirulina has an appreciable amount of GLA. In this study 23 @entity1 (age 2 to 13 years) with @entity1985 received either medication (group I) or medication plus 1 g/day Spirulina (group II). Height, weight, and serum levels of fasting blood sugar, @entity1674 , total @entity165 (TC), and low- and high-density @entity165 fractions (LDL-C and HDL-C, respectively) were measured before and after the 2-month study period. Mean height and weight were normal compared with healthy, age-matched Indian @entity1 . Lipoprotein @entity165 levels were significantly increased at baseline. TC significantly decreased by 116.33 mg/dl, LDL-C by 94.14 mg/dl, and @entity1674 by 67.72 mg/dl in group II; in control group I, these values fell by 69.87, 61.13, and 22.62 mg/dl, respectively. The LDL-C:HDL-C ratio also decreased significantly, by 1.66 in group II and 1.13 in group I. TC:HDL-C decreased by 1.96 in group II and 1.19 in group I. HDL-C:LDL-C also improved significantly in both the groups. It can be concluded that spray-dried Spirulina capsules, rich in antioxidants, GLA, @entity1522 , and @entity1718 , helped reduce the increased levels of lipids in @entity1 with @entity1985 .

title: Hypocholesterolemic effect of spirulina in XXXX with @entity1985 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess surgical treatment of @entity2649 associated with unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis. METHODS: In 86 @entity1 with @entity2649 associated with unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis. (30 @entity1 and 56 @entity1 , aged from 30 to 77 years), 63 @entity1 complained of @entity615 with both lower @entity158 , 10 @entity1 @entity158 in one leg, and 13 @entity1 only @entity615 . Seventy-two of these @entity1 complained of @entity613 , with a walking distance ranging from 10 to 1 000 m. Thirty-two @entity1 had some changes in sensation, motion and reflexes of the foot. According to White' critera, all @entity1 showed dynamic instability of the lesion. Meyerding criteria showed degree 1 in 79 @entity1 , and degree 2 in 7. CT scan was made in 56 @entity1 , MRI in 24 and MRM in 6 before operation. Myelography was performed in 61 @entity1 , and CTM in 6. Stenosis and spondylolisthesis located between L(4) and L(5) in 49 @entity1 , between L(3) and L(4) in 6, between L(5) and S(1) in 25, between L(3) and L(4) and between L(4) and L(5) in 2, and from L(3) to S(1) in 4. The @entity1 with pathological spondylolisthesis were excluded. @entity850 of one leg was observed in 10 @entity1 , lateral recess of both legs in 22, and central canal stenosis in 54, of whom 12 @entity1 were associated with protrusion of the lumbar disc. Decompression and autograft with iliac bone and various internal fixation were performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up from 8 months to 13 years, longer than 1 year (average 5.6 years) in 81 @entity1 . According to Amundsen et al, excellent results were obtained in 78 @entity1 , good in 5, and fair in 3. Spondylolisthesis was completely reduced in 70 @entity1 of degree 1 (89.9%), and in 6 @entity1 of degree 2 (85.7%). No @entity1 showed slippage aggravated. 74 @entity1 gained bone graft fusion within 3 months and 10 @entity1 within 6 months. Two @entity1 showed @entity1516 during the follow-up. Complications included internal fixation breakage in 1 @entity1 , and delayed @entity281 in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Complete decompression and bone graft fusion are the key to treatment. Decompression and internal fixation improve the symptoms of @entity1 with @entity2649 associated with spondylolisthesis. Transpedicle instrumentation can reduce spondylolisthesis and maintain the physical curve of the lumbar.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX associated with unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'extremity pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Lateral recess stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: In contrast to striated muscle, measurements on strips of smooth muscle cannot be uniquely interpreted in terms of an array of contractile units. Therefore scaling down to the single-cell level is necessary to gain detailed understanding of the contractile process in this type of muscle. The present study describes the development of a method for isolating contractile single smooth muscle cells from @entity1707 urinary bladders. Contractile responses evoked by individual electrical stimulation were used as a measure of cell quality during development of the method. Responses were evaluated by measuring latency, contraction and relaxation times, as indicated by visible length changes, and stored on-line in a computer. Initial length, relative @entity3207 and @entity3207 speed were determined by measuring cell lengths in previously timed still video frames using a computer-controlled crosshair device. Increase of stimulus pulse duration resulted in improved responses, indicating that the observed @entity3207 represented a physiological contractile response. Ultimately this method of evaluation was applied to two sets of cell preparations obtained by two different methods, one using only collagenase digestion, the other using mechanical manipulation as well. Both sets showed two main patterns of response to electrical stimulation: a pattern of contraction upon stimulation followed by enhanced contraction when stimulation was switched off (CK), and a pattern of contraction upon stimulation followed by relaxation when the stimulus was switched off (CR). The set of preparations containing the highest percentage of CR cells was found to be superior (i.e. greater initial length, shorter latency and contraction times, increased @entity3207 and higher @entity3207 speed). The method of isolation used for this set gives a high yield of contractile cells available for experimental use over a long span of time.

title: Isolation and individual electrical stimulation of single smooth-muscle cells from the urinary bladder of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging is a new, noninvasive approach for imaging the cardiovascular system. Being a three-dimensional technique, NMR imaging has the capability of measuring volumes without the need for assumptions regarding ventricular geometry. In this study, the technique was validated in 19 excised @entity235 hearts, filled with @entity1346 -rubber, imaged using a multislice spin-echo sequence. The volume of the cavity in each slice was calculated from the number of pixels outlined for each slice multiplied by the pixel volume. Ventricular volumes measured by NMR imaging were highly correlated with cast volumes measured by water displacement: right ventricle (RV):RVNMR = 1.05 RVcast - 1.62; r = 0.99, SEE = 0.96 ml; left ventricle (LV):LVNMR = 0.98 LVcast + 0.35, r = 0.98, SEE = 1.48 ml. After validation in casts, NMR imaging volumes were measured in eight living @entity235 using a multiphasic gated technique to obtain images at 5, 105, 205, 305 and 405 ms after the QRS complex. Cardiac output (CO) and @entity64 volume (SV) measured by NMR imaging were significantly correlated with thermodilution (TD) measurements (CONMR = 0.63 COTD + 0.51 liters/min; r = 0.78, SEE = 0.57 liters/min; SVNMR = 0.67 SVTD + 1.95 ml; SEE = 5.58 ml). Right and left @entity64 volumes were closely related (LVSVNMR = 0.9 RVSVNMR + 1.75; r = 0.94, SEE = 4.32 ml), with the slope and intercept of the regression line showing no difference from 1 and 0, respectively. However, volumes determined by NMR imaging underestimated the thermodilution measurements, presumably reflecting the inability to obtain a true systolic image with the present sampling rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Measurement of ventricular volumes in the XXXX by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: To determine the incidence of abnormal dispersion of QT intervals on an ECG the authors measured these intervals in long-term survivors after @entity4349 treatment for childhood @entity5 and compared the incidence to the traditional markers, @entity1162 . @entity1162 (QTd) and @entity1162 (QTcd) have been associated with serious @entity943 and @entity944 in many forms of @entity299 . The above intervals and shortening fraction (SF) on echocardiogram were determined in 64 late survivors who were 4-22 years post @entity4349 therapy. They were divided into 2 groups: group I, 39 @entity1 with normal function with SF >or= 29%, and group II, 15 @entity1 with SF < 29%. An additional 10 @entity1 had died and had SF < 29% at the time of @entity204 . They were divided into 2 groups: group III, 5 @entity1 who died with @entity712 after a mean of 12 years from of therapy, and group IV, 5 @entity1 who had a @entity1164 after a mean of 9 years from end of therapy. In group I @entity1 , the incidence of @entity1162 was < 6%, whereas that of QTd and QTcd was > 38%. In group II @entity1 , the presence of @entity1162 was < 16%, whereas that of QTd and QTcd was > 40%. The QTc (p =.01), QTd (p =.02), and QTcd (p =.01) were significantly higher and SF (<.01) significantly lower in group IV compared to those alive (group I and II @entity1 ) with no significant difference in age, number of years of follow-up, precordial radiation dose, or @entity4349 dose between the two. The combination of QTcd > 110 ms and diminished SF < 29% was found to be associated with @entity944 . In summary, the long-term survivors of @entity4349 therapy had a high incidence (>38%) of abnormally prolonged QT dispersion intervals, QTd and QTcd, even in those with normal QT and QTc on an ECG and normal shortening fraction on an echocardiogram.

title: Presence of prolonged dispersion of qt intervals in late survivors of childhood XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Prolonged QT dispersion', 'corrected QT dispersion', 'prolonged QT and QTc intervals']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['anthracycline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The quick intraoperative parathyroid assay (qPTH) has been proposed as an effective tool in the surgical management of @entity2742 . This assay may facilitate directed, unilateral exploration for @entity66 ; however, its role in the management of @entity66 remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of qPTH in parathyroid surgery, and to compare the results for @entity66 . METHODS: A prospective analysis of 63 consecutive @entity1 explored for @entity2742 using the qPTH assay was performed. Preoperative localization studies including ultrasonography and sestamibi scan were routinely obtained. Blood samples for qPTH were routinely drawn prior to the @entity954 , prior to gland excision, as well as 5 and 10 minutes after gland excision. @entity1 with primary or secondary @entity1373 had blood samples drawn relative to a 3-1/2 gland resection. Additional samples were drawn as needed for @entity1 with a double @entity652 . A qPTH decline of greater than or equal to 50% of the highest preincision or gland preexcision level was considered successful. Unilateral neck exploration was routinely performed unless @entity66 was identified. @entity1 were followed up postoperatively with serum @entity460 levels and an 8-month median follow-up was recorded. RESULTS: Forty-nine of 63 (78%) @entity1 were found to have a solitary @entity3243 . The qPTH assay was successful in 48 (97%) @entity1 with @entity66 . Forty-four of these 48 @entity1 showed an appropriate assay decline 5 minutes after @entity652 excision. One @entity1 with a single @entity652 showed a delayed 50% decline in qPTH at 20 minutes. Fourteen (22%) @entity1 were found to have @entity66 : 6 @entity1 with @entity1373 , 4 @entity1 with @entity1373 secondary to @entity177 , and 4 @entity1 with double @entity652 . All @entity1 with @entity66 demonstrated a successful decrease in qPTH levels. All @entity1 with @entity1373 secondary to @entity177 showed a successful assay decline 5 minutes after 3-1/2 gland resection. Eight of 14 (57%) @entity1 with @entity66 (4 double @entity652 , and 4 @entity1373 ) were suspected to have solitary @entity652 preoperatively. Overall, 62 of 63 (98%) @entity1 showed an appropriate assay decline within 10 minutes after gland excision. Postoperatively, all @entity1 were normocalcemic with a median follow-up of 8 months. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that qPTH can accurately facilitate unilateral, directed neck exploration for uniglandular @entity8611 , as well as guide the extent of gland resection for @entity66 . This assay reliably eliminates the most common cause of @entity177 , which is unrecognized @entity66 . The qPTH assay can reliably be used with similar accuracy for @entity1 with @entity66 as has been shown for uniglandular @entity8611 .

title: Comparison of quick parathyroid assay for uniglandular and multiglandular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['uniglandular and multiglandular disease', 'uniglandular disease', 'multiglandular disease']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroidectomy failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity8611 :: (MESH:D010279,Disease) :: ['parathyroid disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3981 is a rare @entity5 . Clinical features such as prognostic information, survival, and treatment outcomes are unknown. We present the largest retrospective review to date. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 with pathologically confirmed acinar neoplasms of the pancreas were identified between August 1981 and January 2001. Demographic data, @entity5 characteristics, and treatment information were obtained by chart review. Survival probabilities were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The median survival for all @entity1 was 19 months. On the basis of a univariate analysis, the @entity1 ' stage of disease correlated significantly with survival. The median survival of @entity1 with @entity66 was 38 months, versus 14 months for those presenting with @entity3 (P = 0.03). @entity1 who could be treated with surgery as first-line therapy had a longer survival time (36 months) compared with those who did not have surgery (14 months). Two of 18 @entity1 who received chemotherapy and three of eight @entity1 who received radiation had a major response. CONCLUSION: The survival curves suggest a more @entity146 @entity5 than @entity788 but one that is less @entity146 than @entity1124 . Those @entity1 who present with @entity66 have a much better prognosis than those who present with @entity3 . There is a high recurrence rate after complete surgical resection, suggesting that micrometastases are present even in @entity66 and that adjuvant therapies may be indicated. Chemotherapy and radiation afford disappointing results, however, and novel therapies are needed.

title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes from an institutional series of acinar cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic endocrine neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumor of the exocrine pancreas']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['Acinar cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas and related tumors']


abstract: Between 1970 and 1982, 175 @entity1 with Stage IA, B, IIA, B, or IIIA @entity978 were treated with curative radiotherapy following surgical @entity5 . The @entity1 treated prior to 1975 received either regular extended or total nodal field treatments (Treatment Group 1, N = 65). Unsatisfactory results from this treatment program led to treatment modification in 1975. The modified protocols consisted of low-dose lung irradiation in @entity1 having large mediastinal masses and/or @entity66 , and low-dose liver irradiation for Stage IIIAS+ @entity1 (Treatment Group 2, N = 110). Recurrence-free survival rates improved significantly for various risk groups. Univariate analysis indicated that age, stage, symptoms, mediastinal mass size, number of sites involved, @entity66 , stage, and symptoms were significant risk factors in Treatment Group 1. In Treatment Group 2, only sex was a statistically significant risk factor. Stepwise Cox regression analysis for risk factors selected mediastinal mass size and stage as the most significant prognostic factors in Treatment Group 1. In Treatment Group 2, number of initial disease sites and sex were the most significant risk factors. The results of the study show significant improvement in recurrence-free survival rates in Treatment Group 2. It is concluded that these improvements are due to the modification in treatment.

title: XXXX : a reassessment of prognostic factors following modification of radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['staging']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hilar disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The integrity of the @entity2339 is a major determinant of the host response to stress. Relative @entity1887 has been implicated in poor outcome from systemic inflammatory states; however, whether low endogenous glucocorticoid levels are adaptive or pathologic remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the @entity701 response and determine the incidence of occult @entity1887 after severe @entity130 . METHODS: Over an 18-month period, 22 severely injured @entity1 admitted to the surgical intensive care unit of our level 1 @entity130 center were prospectively identified and followed. Demographic and outcome data were tabulated. In addition, random serum @entity701 levels were obtained on days 0, 5, and 10 after injury. Relative @entity1887 was defined as a random serum @entity701 level less than 18 microg/dL. RESULTS: Mean baseline @entity701 levels were elevated (35 +/- 3 microg/dL) and significantly declined over the next 10 days (day 5: 24 +/- 2 microg/dL; and day 10: 22 +/- 2 microg/dL; P <0.01). Thirteen of 22 (60%) @entity1 had random serum @entity701 levels less than 18 microg/dL. Only 1 of the 2 @entity1 who died had a serum @entity701 level less than 18 microg/dL. The mean @entity701 levels at baseline were higher in the 2 @entity1 who died compared with those who survived but this was not statistically significant (43.4 +/- 8.8 microg/dL versus 35.0 +/- 3.6 microg/dL, P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity701 levels increased immediately and gradually returned towards normal after severe @entity130 . Occult @entity1887 was common (60%) in this small group of severely injured @entity1 . This did not, however, affect mortality in these @entity1 . Further study is needed to delineate the role of occult @entity1887 after severe injury.

title: The adrenal response after severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity38169 is a novel @entity24740 -bonded @entity2983 treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity31 . The study objective was to compare symptomatic remission rates with @entity38169 and @entity2983 while controlling for extent of disease and time since diagnosis in @entity1 with active, mild-to-moderate @entity31 . METHODS: A total of 173 @entity1 with sigmoidoscopically verified @entity31 were randomized to 8 wk of double-blind treatment with @entity38169 6.75 g/day or @entity2983 2.4 g/day. Both treatments provided 2.4 g/day of oral @entity2983 . @entity1 maintained symptom diaries throughout the treatment period. RESULTS: Overall, 46% of @entity38169 - and 44% of @entity2983 -treated @entity1 achieved symptomatic remission. Higher response rates were noted in newly diagnosed @entity1 with < or = 40 cm of disease (68% vs 61%) than in recently relapsed @entity1 with >40 cm of disease (36% vs 25%). The median time to symptomatic remission was 12 days shorter with @entity38169 (25 days) than with @entity2983 (37 days). Significantly more @entity38169 @entity1 showed sigmoidoscopic (p = 0.002), stool frequency (p = 0.006), @entity548 (p = 0.006), and physician's global assessment score (p = 0.013) improvement by 14 days than did @entity2983 @entity1 . Similar proportions of @entity1 reported adverse events (54% vs 64%), which were most commonly related to the gastrointestinal and central and peripheral nervous systems. CONCLUSIONS: @entity38169 is an effective and safe treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity31 . Improvement of symptoms occurs considerably earlier with @entity38169 than with @entity2983 .

title: @entity38169 is superior to @entity2983 in the time to improvement of signs and symptoms of acute mild-to-moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity38169 :: ('MESH:C038637', 'Chemical') :: ['balsalazide', 'Balsalazide']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid', 'mesalamine']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity38169 is a novel @entity24740 -bonded @entity2983 treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity31 . The study objective was to compare symptomatic remission rates with @entity38169 and @entity2983 while controlling for extent of disease and time since diagnosis in @entity1 with active, mild-to-moderate @entity31 . METHODS: A total of 173 @entity1 with sigmoidoscopically verified @entity31 were randomized to 8 wk of double-blind treatment with @entity38169 6.75 g/day or @entity2983 2.4 g/day. Both treatments provided 2.4 g/day of oral @entity2983 . @entity1 maintained symptom diaries throughout the treatment period. RESULTS: Overall, 46% of @entity38169 - and 44% of @entity2983 -treated @entity1 achieved symptomatic remission. Higher response rates were noted in newly diagnosed @entity1 with < or = 40 cm of disease (68% vs 61%) than in recently relapsed @entity1 with >40 cm of disease (36% vs 25%). The median time to symptomatic remission was 12 days shorter with @entity38169 (25 days) than with @entity2983 (37 days). Significantly more @entity38169 @entity1 showed sigmoidoscopic (p = 0.002), stool frequency (p = 0.006), @entity548 (p = 0.006), and physician's global assessment score (p = 0.013) improvement by 14 days than did @entity2983 @entity1 . Similar proportions of @entity1 reported adverse events (54% vs 64%), which were most commonly related to the gastrointestinal and central and peripheral nervous systems. CONCLUSIONS: @entity38169 is an effective and safe treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity31 . Improvement of symptoms occurs considerably earlier with @entity38169 than with @entity2983 .

title: XXXX is superior to @entity2983 in the time to improvement of signs and symptoms of acute mild-to-moderate @entity31 .

answer: @entity38169 :: (MESH:C038637,Chemical) :: ['Balsalazide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity38169 is a novel @entity24740 -bonded @entity2983 treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity31 . The study objective was to compare symptomatic remission rates with @entity38169 and @entity2983 while controlling for extent of disease and time since diagnosis in @entity1 with active, mild-to-moderate @entity31 . METHODS: A total of 173 @entity1 with sigmoidoscopically verified @entity31 were randomized to 8 wk of double-blind treatment with @entity38169 6.75 g/day or @entity2983 2.4 g/day. Both treatments provided 2.4 g/day of oral @entity2983 . @entity1 maintained symptom diaries throughout the treatment period. RESULTS: Overall, 46% of @entity38169 - and 44% of @entity2983 -treated @entity1 achieved symptomatic remission. Higher response rates were noted in newly diagnosed @entity1 with < or = 40 cm of disease (68% vs 61%) than in recently relapsed @entity1 with >40 cm of disease (36% vs 25%). The median time to symptomatic remission was 12 days shorter with @entity38169 (25 days) than with @entity2983 (37 days). Significantly more @entity38169 @entity1 showed sigmoidoscopic (p = 0.002), stool frequency (p = 0.006), @entity548 (p = 0.006), and physician's global assessment score (p = 0.013) improvement by 14 days than did @entity2983 @entity1 . Similar proportions of @entity1 reported adverse events (54% vs 64%), which were most commonly related to the gastrointestinal and central and peripheral nervous systems. CONCLUSIONS: @entity38169 is an effective and safe treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity31 . Improvement of symptoms occurs considerably earlier with @entity38169 than with @entity2983 .

title: @entity38169 is superior to XXXX in the time to improvement of signs and symptoms of acute mild-to-moderate @entity31 .

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['mesalamine']


abstract: A 32 years old female was admitted to hospital due to acute @entity490 , @entity390 , @entity391 and liquid stools. Physical examination was normal except for @entity158 on her left inferior abdominal quadrant without peritoneal irritation signs. An abdominal CAT-scan suggested @entity715 at celiac trunk, although the echo Doppler showed no alterations except for signs of @entity63 in the distal branch of the superior mesenteric artery. An exploratory laparotomy was performed disclosing a @entity39 of the distal ileum and cecum, diffuse @entity298 and @entity715 of the ileocecoapendiculocolic artery. No @entity1333 were found in the arteries of medium size examined. A history of @entity613 for the @entity19071 years as well as acrocyanosis, asymmetry of pulses and blood pressure in the superior extremities was ascertained after the surgery. A MRI angiogram showed multiple stenoses and irregularities at the celiac trunk, hepatic, superior mesenteric and fibular arteries. No abnormalities at the aortic arch and its main branches were documented. @entity295 due to Candida sp complicated her postoperative period. After recovery, @entity229 1 mg/kg/day was started and the anticoagulation continued. The @entity490 , @entity613 and superior limb acrocyanosis disappeared. This is an unusual case of type IV @entity12040 with acute abdominal signs as the first manifestation.

title: [Intestinal XXXX as clinical presentation of @entity12040 ].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis lesions']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: A 32 years old female was admitted to hospital due to acute @entity490 , @entity390 , @entity391 and liquid stools. Physical examination was normal except for @entity158 on her left inferior abdominal quadrant without peritoneal irritation signs. An abdominal CAT-scan suggested @entity715 at celiac trunk, although the echo Doppler showed no alterations except for signs of @entity63 in the distal branch of the superior mesenteric artery. An exploratory laparotomy was performed disclosing a @entity39 of the distal ileum and cecum, diffuse @entity298 and @entity715 of the ileocecoapendiculocolic artery. No @entity1333 were found in the arteries of medium size examined. A history of @entity613 for the @entity19071 years as well as acrocyanosis, asymmetry of pulses and blood pressure in the superior extremities was ascertained after the surgery. A MRI angiogram showed multiple stenoses and irregularities at the celiac trunk, hepatic, superior mesenteric and fibular arteries. No abnormalities at the aortic arch and its main branches were documented. @entity295 due to Candida sp complicated her postoperative period. After recovery, @entity229 1 mg/kg/day was started and the anticoagulation continued. The @entity490 , @entity613 and superior limb acrocyanosis disappeared. This is an unusual case of type IV @entity12040 with acute abdominal signs as the first manifestation.

title: [Intestinal @entity39 as clinical presentation of XXXX ].

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu arteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Small intestinal @entity413 absorption is increased in animal models of @entity6 , but little data are available in @entity1 . Small intestinal motility is reported to be frequently abnormal in @entity1 with @entity6 and could potentially affect @entity413 absorption. Our aim was to evaluate small intestinal @entity413 absorption and duodenal motor responses to intraduodenal nutrients, in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 and controls. METHODS: Eight type 1 @entity1 (two with @entity4148 ) and nine controls were studied during euglycemia. A manometric catheter was positioned across the pylorus, and nutrient infused intraduodenally (90 kcal over 30 min), followed by a bolus of @entity10546 ( @entity46850 ). Blood was sampled to measure @entity413 and @entity46850 concentrations. RESULTS: During nutrient infusion, the number of duodenal waves did not differ between @entity1 and controls. After the infusion, @entity1 with @entity6 had more propagated duodenal wave sequences (p < 0.05). The area under the plasma @entity46850 curve did not differ between the groups but correlated with both the blood @entity413 concentration at the time of @entity46850 administration (r = 0.64, p < 0.005) and the number of duodenal waves (r = 0.52, p < 0.05) and antegrade propagated duodenal sequences (r = 0.51, p < 0.05) preceding the @entity46850 bolus. CONCLUSIONS: During euglycemia, duodenal motor responses to small intestinal nutrient are comparable in @entity1 with relatively uncomplicated type 1 @entity6 and healthy subjects, but duodenal motility after nutrient infusion is increased in @entity1 . Small intestinal @entity413 absorption is similar in @entity1 and controls, but may be dependent on the blood @entity413 concentration and duodenal motor activity.

title: Small intestinal @entity413 absorption and duodenal motility in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity10546 :: ('MESH:D019325', 'Chemical') :: ['3-O-methylglucose']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Small intestinal @entity413 absorption is increased in animal models of @entity6 , but little data are available in @entity1 . Small intestinal motility is reported to be frequently abnormal in @entity1 with @entity6 and could potentially affect @entity413 absorption. Our aim was to evaluate small intestinal @entity413 absorption and duodenal motor responses to intraduodenal nutrients, in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 and controls. METHODS: Eight type 1 @entity1 (two with @entity4148 ) and nine controls were studied during euglycemia. A manometric catheter was positioned across the pylorus, and nutrient infused intraduodenally (90 kcal over 30 min), followed by a bolus of @entity10546 ( @entity46850 ). Blood was sampled to measure @entity413 and @entity46850 concentrations. RESULTS: During nutrient infusion, the number of duodenal waves did not differ between @entity1 and controls. After the infusion, @entity1 with @entity6 had more propagated duodenal wave sequences (p < 0.05). The area under the plasma @entity46850 curve did not differ between the groups but correlated with both the blood @entity413 concentration at the time of @entity46850 administration (r = 0.64, p < 0.005) and the number of duodenal waves (r = 0.52, p < 0.05) and antegrade propagated duodenal sequences (r = 0.51, p < 0.05) preceding the @entity46850 bolus. CONCLUSIONS: During euglycemia, duodenal motor responses to small intestinal nutrient are comparable in @entity1 with relatively uncomplicated type 1 @entity6 and healthy subjects, but duodenal motility after nutrient infusion is increased in @entity1 . Small intestinal @entity413 absorption is similar in @entity1 and controls, but may be dependent on the blood @entity413 concentration and duodenal motor activity.

title: Small intestinal XXXX absorption and duodenal motility in @entity6 .

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if calprotectin is predictive for outcome in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Fifty six @entity309 in- @entity1 with variable disease duration were prospectively followed for five years. Clinical and laboratory data were collected to assess disease activity. @entity283 ( @entity283 ) and radiographic scores (of hands and wrists) as described by Larsen were used as outcome measures. Plasma calprotectin levels were determined with ELISA technique. RESULTS: Significant correlations (r) were found cross-sectionally at follow-up between @entity1190 concentration and other known parameters of disease activity and severity: @entity1851 (r = 0.67). investigator's global assessment of disease activity (r = 0.57). Waaler titre (r = 0.50). @entity283 score (r = 0.48) and number of swollen joints (r = 0.48). Calprotectin at baseline was not identified as an independent predictor for @entity283 or radiographic progression in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The results confirm calprotectin as a good measure of disease activity and @entity32 in @entity309 . However, the level of calprotectin at baseline was not predictive for radiographic damage or functional impairment five years later.

title: Leukocyte protein calprotectin and outcome in XXXX . A longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1190 :: ('MESH:D039841', 'Chemical') :: ['calprotectin']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HAQ', 'Health Assessment Questionnaire']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: A 14-year-old male survived for nearly 3 years following a @entity1167 . During this period he remained unconscious and electroencephalogram recordings indicated a virtual absence of neocortical activity. Clinically there was some retention of brainstem function evidenced by spontaneous respiration, eye movements, cough and swallow reflex. He was in a persistent vegetative state until his death. We believe this to be one of the longest surviving cases to be recorded. Neuropathological findings correlated with the clinical picture, and demonstrated the selective vulnerability of various areas within the brain. The brain was reduced in weight to 880 g. There was extensive @entity39 affecting the cortex and basal ganglia and the cerebellum showed severe loss of Purkinje and granule cells. In certain nuclei of the thalamus there was @entity528 and @entity5219 . There was relative sparing of the brain stem. The superimposed effects of @entity10747 is demonstrated in various sites.

title: Long survival after XXXX : case report and neuropathological findings.

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde degeneration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: We assessed the importance of @entity328 and immunologic response to 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine in a randomized (saline placebo or vaccine) double-blind pilot study involving 103 @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Antibody titers, the flora of the sputum, @entity1729 or @entity55 , and @entity204 were monitored. The patients' antibody titers before immunization were higher than healthy control subjects. Titers rose normally in those vaccinated but declined more rapidly. Differences between the group receiving placebo and vaccine were not significant at 12 and 24 months. The incidence of @entity55 was high before and after vaccine (47/1,000 vs 41/1,000 @entity1 -years). Nonpneumococcal causes predominated (73 percent of @entity55 ; 83.4 percent of @entity55 ). Isolates from sputum were predominantly nonvaccine types (50 to 62.5 percent). Twenty-seven @entity1 died; @entity55 occurred in six (one pneumococcal in a vaccinated @entity1 ) as a terminal complication of other diseases. Thus, although @entity55 occurred frequently in these @entity1 with @entity1030 and contributed to mortality in 22 percent (six) of the 27 @entity204 , the predominance of nonpneumococcal causes and the data on antibodies and sputum suggest that pneumococcal vaccine may not be as beneficial for @entity1 with @entity1030 as was hoped. More observations are needed.

title: Pneumococcal infection and immunologic response to pneumococcal vaccine in XXXX . A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias', 'pneumonia', 'lethal pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: To evaluate the result of mitral valve repair in @entity338 due to @entity3454 with or without @entity397 , 11 @entity1 were followed noninvasively for 2.0 to 3.5 years and clinically for at least 5 years in a prospective study. The @entity1 were operated upon before ominous signs of @entity1002 appeared, all @entity1 being in functional class III, with an ejection fraction of at least 0.50 and mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening above 1.0. There was no operative mortality. No @entity887 occurred during follow-up. Ten of the 11 @entity1 were alive 5 years postoperatively. One @entity1 died 9 months after the initial repair shortly after reoperation for mitral and @entity997 . The other @entity1 all showed definite clinical improvement. Confirming the experience of others, the two @entity1 with ruptured chordae to the anterior mitral leaflet and the only @entity1 with a thick anterior mitral leaflet all had moderate @entity339 postoperatively. Complete repair of @entity3454 is feasible and gives a good functional result of long duration. The results of this study support early mitral repair when complete restoration of ventricular size and function is still possible.

title: Conservative surgery for XXXX with regurgitation: clinical follow-up and noninvasive assessment.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pure regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['thrombo-embolic episodes']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['chordal rupture']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity3454 :: (MESH:D008945,Disease) :: ['mitral valve prolapse']


abstract: Afibrinogenaemia usually induces a @entity548 tendency during infancy, whereas @entity7131 increases susceptibility to @entity715 in @entity1 or adolescence. Mutations of these genes have been, therefore, established as independent risk factors for @entity3459 . We describe the homozygous mutation of the @entity2002 alpha chain gene and additional heterozygous mutation of the protein C gene in a male @entity1 who showed prolonged umbilical @entity548 after birth. On examination, the plasma @entity2002 was undetectable, and the activity and antigen level of protein C were reduced. The @entity1 showed no @entity2002 Aalpha chain as well as Bbeta and gamma chains by Western blotting. The sequencing analysis showed the homozygous deletion of 1238 bases from intron 3 at position 2008 to intron 4 at position 3245 in the @entity2002 alpha chain gene. Both parents were heterozygous carriers of this mutation. In this @entity1 , an additional mutation was also detected in the protein C gene: the heterozygous deletion of exon 7 at position 6161-6163 or 6164-6166, resulting the deletion of one @entity535 (Lys150 or 151). His mother was also a carrier of this mutation. As the simultaneous mutation of the @entity2002 alpha chain and protein C genes has not been previously reported, the influence of the interaction between these two mutations on the clinical manifestations of this @entity1 should be carefully monitored for a long period.

title: Identification of simultaneous mutation of XXXX alpha chain and protein C genes in a Japanese kindred.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation disorders']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: We studied the histological condition of the urothelium surrounding @entity150 in 65 @entity1 who underwent partial resection of the bladder. These examinations showed that @entity854 were always present, i.e. a direct transition from @entity5 to normal urothelium was never observed. The histological alterations were divided into 10 classes and their relative positions were determined with respect to the primary @entity5 site. The extension of urothelial alterations around the @entity5 and the severity of the alterations were related to the grade of the primary @entity5 . @entity2526 were usually found next to the @entity5 , whereas hardly altered urothelium was located more distant to the primary @entity5 site. We found three atypical types of @entity1373 more frequently than simple types of @entity1373 in the vicinity of high grade (G3) @entity189 . Total @entity1373 of basal cells was more frequent than @entity1373 . Furthermore, @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) with a persisting layer of normal superficial cells tended to be relatively far from the primary @entity5 site, whereas @entity2735 without normal superficial cells was usually next to the primary site. Two models for the pathogenesis of the urothelial alterations surrounding @entity150 are briefly discussed.

title: Urothelial histopathology surrounding XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['partial hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['Extremely atypical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinomas']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinomas']


abstract: In 681 @entity1 admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) at Sahlgrenska hospital between 1 May 1983 and 31 May 1984, due to suspected @entity583 ( @entity583 ), the hospital mortality and morbidity were related to whether the @entity1 were transferred to hospital by ambulance or not. In the ambulance group @entity583 developed in 48% (during the first 3 days in hospital) compared with 41% in the non-ambulance group (P = 0.10). The overall mortality rate was 10.4% in the ambulance group versus 3.8% in the non-ambulance group (P = 0.001). Corresponding figures for @entity583 @entity1 were 19.3% versus 9.1% (P = 0.02). In all, @entity1 referred by ambulance had larger @entity1188 according to maximum serum enzyme activity and a higher incidence of @entity712 . Similar findings were observed when @entity583 @entity1 were analysed separately. On the other hand, the incidence of @entity2224 , requirement for @entity3303 , and the course of @entity158 was fairly similar in the two groups. In a multivariate analysis, @entity1188 size was the major independent predictor for early mortality rate. We conclude that @entity1 who call for an ambulance due to suspected @entity583 appear to have a different early mortality and morbidity pattern compared to those who do not. The most obvious observation was a higher early mortality. These @entity1 therefore might be the most suitable candidates for early intervention studies.

title: Mortality and morbidity in suspected XXXX in relation to ambulance transport.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'MI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Traditionally, the results of exercise @entity4214 scintigraphy were interpreted by transient defect analysis using initial and delayed images. Recently, washout rate analysis has been used for the relative quantification of exercise @entity4214 scintigraphy. A diffuse slow washout from all myocardial regions has been defined as the indicator of extensive @entity453 . However, slow washout has occasionally been observed in normal cases and in healthy @entity296 which are not supplied by a stenosed artery in @entity1 with single or @entity66 . We evaluate the factors influencing washout rate in 100 normal @entity1 and 63 @entity1 with @entity951 (33 cases of @entity66 and 30 cases of @entity66 ). The washout rates were calculated using circumferential profile analysis. In normal @entity1 , washout rate was closely related to peak heart rate (r = 0.72) and inversely related to lung @entity4214 uptake (r = -0.56). A diffuse slow washout was observed in seven (7%) of 100 normal @entity1 , six (18%) of 33 cases of @entity66 and eight (24%) of 30 cases of @entity66 . The @entity1 with diffuse slow washout showed significantly higher lung @entity4214 uptake values and lower peak heart rates than those without diffuse slow washout (P less than 0.01). Thus, this false positive slow washout should be considered in the interpretation of quantitative exercise @entity4214 scintigraphy.

title: Quantitative assessment of XXXX myocardial washout rate: importance of peak heart rate and lung @entity4214 uptake in defining normal values.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial segments']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['double vessel disease', 'single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity4214 :: (MESH:D013793,Chemical) :: ['thallium']


abstract: Traditionally, the results of exercise @entity4214 scintigraphy were interpreted by transient defect analysis using initial and delayed images. Recently, washout rate analysis has been used for the relative quantification of exercise @entity4214 scintigraphy. A diffuse slow washout from all myocardial regions has been defined as the indicator of extensive @entity453 . However, slow washout has occasionally been observed in normal cases and in healthy @entity296 which are not supplied by a stenosed artery in @entity1 with single or @entity66 . We evaluate the factors influencing washout rate in 100 normal @entity1 and 63 @entity1 with @entity951 (33 cases of @entity66 and 30 cases of @entity66 ). The washout rates were calculated using circumferential profile analysis. In normal @entity1 , washout rate was closely related to peak heart rate (r = 0.72) and inversely related to lung @entity4214 uptake (r = -0.56). A diffuse slow washout was observed in seven (7%) of 100 normal @entity1 , six (18%) of 33 cases of @entity66 and eight (24%) of 30 cases of @entity66 . The @entity1 with diffuse slow washout showed significantly higher lung @entity4214 uptake values and lower peak heart rates than those without diffuse slow washout (P less than 0.01). Thus, this false positive slow washout should be considered in the interpretation of quantitative exercise @entity4214 scintigraphy.

title: Quantitative assessment of @entity4214 myocardial washout rate: importance of peak heart rate and lung XXXX uptake in defining normal values.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4214 :: (MESH:D013793,Chemical) :: ['thallium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: An elevation in intramucosal-arterial PCO2 gradient (DeltaPCO2) could be determined either by tissue @entity519 or by reduced blood flow. Our hypothesis was that in @entity519 with preserved blood flow, DeltaPCO2 should not be altered. METHODS: In 17 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated @entity742 , @entity26 delivery was reduced by decreasing flow ( @entity7853 , @entity11126 ) or arterial @entity26 saturation ( @entity519 , @entity9595 ), or no intervention was made (sham). In the @entity11126 group (n = 6), blood flow was lowered by stepwise @entity548 ; in the @entity9595 group (n = 6), @entity5836 was instilled intratracheally. We measured cardiac output, superior mesenteric blood flow, gases, hemoglobin, and @entity26 saturations in arterial blood, mixed venous blood, and mesenteric venous blood, and ileal intramucosal PCO2 by tonometry. Systemic and intestinal @entity26 transport and consumption were calculated, as was DeltaPCO2. After basal measurements, measurements were repeated at 30, 60, and 90 minutes. RESULTS: Both progressive @entity548 and @entity5836 aspiration provoked critical reductions in systemic and intestinal @entity26 delivery and consumption. No changes occurred in the sham group. DeltaPCO2 increased in the @entity11126 group (12 +/- 10 [mean +/- SD] versus 40 +/- 13 mmHg; P < 0.001), but remained unchanged in @entity9595 and in the sham group (13 +/- 6 versus 10 +/- 13 mmHg and 8 +/- 5 versus 9 +/- 6 mmHg; not significant). DISCUSSION: In this experimental model of @entity519 with preserved blood flow, DeltaPCO2 was not modified during dependence of @entity26 uptake on @entity26 transport. These results suggest that DeltaPCO2 might be determined primarily by blood flow.

title: Intramucosal-arterial PCO2 gap fails to reflect intestinal dysoxia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7853 :: ('MESH:D020925', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic hypoxia']


abstract: In the treatment of @entity5109 in adults with @entity16 , various surgical procedures are used including the @entity1347 lengthening. Release of the @entity1795 in the midfoot is routinely included with these procedures to correct or prevent toe curling. In follow-up, residual toe curling has been observed in some @entity1 despite release of the long toe flexor tendons. This study was undertaken to investigate this problem and its consequences, treatment, and treatment success. Forty-one feet in 34 consecutive @entity1 were examined for residual toe curling an average of 2.5 years postoperatively. Thirty-two feet (78%) were noted to have significant @entity85 . The residual toe curling caused @entity158 in 72% of the feet and was associated with @entity15261 on the dorsum of the toes in 59%. The incidence of residual toe curling secondary to spasticity of the flexor digitorum brevis and intrinsic muscles of the foot was similar in the @entity1 who had sustained @entity131 and in those who had suffered a @entity64 . Twelve of these feet (37%) underwent surgical release of the flexor digitorum brevis and intrinsic tendons to correct the toe curling. There were no complications of surgery and no recurrences of @entity85 following the surgery. A second surgical procedure to release the flexor digitorum brevis and intrinsic tendons to correct the toe curling was more commonly performed in the younger more active brain-injured @entity1 than in the older @entity64 @entity1 (44% versus 20%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intrinsic toe XXXX following correction of spastic @entity85 in adults.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['spastic equinovarus foot deformities']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['split anterior tibialis tendon transfer and tendo achilles']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity15261 :: ('MESH:D002145', 'Disease') :: ['callosities']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'flexion deformities of the lesser toes']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus tendons']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['flexion deformity']


abstract: In the treatment of @entity5109 in adults with @entity16 , various surgical procedures are used including the @entity1347 lengthening. Release of the @entity1795 in the midfoot is routinely included with these procedures to correct or prevent toe curling. In follow-up, residual toe curling has been observed in some @entity1 despite release of the long toe flexor tendons. This study was undertaken to investigate this problem and its consequences, treatment, and treatment success. Forty-one feet in 34 consecutive @entity1 were examined for residual toe curling an average of 2.5 years postoperatively. Thirty-two feet (78%) were noted to have significant @entity85 . The residual toe curling caused @entity158 in 72% of the feet and was associated with @entity15261 on the dorsum of the toes in 59%. The incidence of residual toe curling secondary to spasticity of the flexor digitorum brevis and intrinsic muscles of the foot was similar in the @entity1 who had sustained @entity131 and in those who had suffered a @entity64 . Twelve of these feet (37%) underwent surgical release of the flexor digitorum brevis and intrinsic tendons to correct the toe curling. There were no complications of surgery and no recurrences of @entity85 following the surgery. A second surgical procedure to release the flexor digitorum brevis and intrinsic tendons to correct the toe curling was more commonly performed in the younger more active brain-injured @entity1 than in the older @entity64 @entity1 (44% versus 20%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intrinsic toe @entity85 following correction of spastic XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['equinovarus deformity']


abstract: @entity3677 lumenal castings of the ciliary body microvasculature were prepared from eight @entity1 species and studied with the scanning electron microscope. In all of these species, the ciliary body is supplied by the major arterial circle, which originates solely from the long posterior ciliary arteries without contribution from the anterior ciliary circulation. In contrast to primates and @entity95 , the ciliary processes of the eight species we studied are supplied by only one type of arteriole, which travels posteriorly from the major arterial circle to the iris root, where it gives rise to ciliary process arterioles. Using precise microdissection techniques, we found marked interspecies variations in ciliary process angioarchitecture among the @entity1 eyes examined. Rodents ( @entity35 and @entity840 ) demonstrated several interesting similarities to primates, with extensive interprocess connections and irregularly dilated, concentrically parallel capillaries traveling posteriorly to empty into the choroidal veins. In addition, @entity35 ciliary process arterioles displayed marked focal constrictions suggestive of precapillary "sphincter" agonal activity. The carnivore ciliary process (cat and @entity235 ) is supplied by a single arteriole traveling posteriorly throughout its length and sending capillary arcades to its margin from where they drain outward into venous sinuses at the base of the process. Ungulate processes ( @entity742 , @entity1237 , @entity1707 and @entity291 ) receive blood from multiple arterioles that occupy the process core along with veins that empty into the choroidal circulation. These vessels serve delicate capillaries lying on the sides, margin and head of each process. The anatomic variations described here should be considered in the design and interpretation of physiologic and immunohistochemical studies of ciliary body vascular perfusion in non-primate animal models.

title: Comparative microvascular anatomy of XXXX ciliary processes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylmethacrylate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']