abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: @entity455 are a rare cause of @entity1282 and stridor in the pediatric population. Currently, there is no clear consensus on what type of @entity455 are common in the postcricoid area because adequate histological or immunohistochemistry studies are lacking. This study aimed to describe the histology and immunohistochemistry of postcricoid masses in our institutions' experience, and consolidate available data on the symptoms, management, and histology of these unusual malformations with a comprehensive literature review. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective @entity1 and literature review. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity455 was performed at two pediatric tertiary care institutions. Histology and immunohistochemistry studies were performed in @entity1 undergoing a lesion biopsy. A complete literature review of the English language was completed for cases involving @entity455 of the postcricoid area. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were identified in our study with @entity455 . All @entity1 presented with symptoms of @entity1282 and intermittent stridor. Histology and immunohistochemistry studies were performed in three @entity1 . @entity1365 was negative in all three @entity1 , and @entity2280 was positive in all @entity1 tested. Lewis Y antigen was performed in one @entity1 and was negative. A description of 19 cases reported in the English literature is included. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity455 usually present with mild to moderate feeding difficulties, and stridor or @entity1353 with @entity2146 . Histopathology and immunohistochemistry results suggest that @entity455 may often represent @entity1462 instead of infantile @entity2695 .

title: XXXX : histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['postcricoid vascular lesions', 'Postcricoid vascular lesions', 'vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['congenital vascular malformations']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Postcricoid vascular lesions']


abstract: The growth of newly formed vessels, or neoangiogenesis, represents an important step in both physiological and pathological situations: in particular, @entity5 growth and @entity3 require angiogenesis. Microvessel count (MC), which represents a measure of @entity5 angiogenesis, has been associated with metastatic spread in cutaneous, mammary, prostatic, head and neck, and @entity5 . In this study, the role of @entity5 angiogenesis as a prognostic indicator was examined in 253 primary @entity1149 (NSCLC) @entity1 . Microvessels were counted by highlighting endothelial cells with anti-Factor VIII monoclonal antibody (Mab) in methacarn-fixed @entity5 samples. In univariat analysis, MC (P< 0.000001), sex (P=0.0036), histotype (P < 0.014), @entity5 status (P <0.007), and vessel invasion (P < 0.019) were significantly related to hilar and/or mediastinal nodal involvement. However, in the stepwise logistic regression analysis, MC (P<0.000003) retained the most important influence on nodal @entity3 . The overall survival analysis calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method revealed that @entity5 with high MC ( > 25 vessels/field) were significantly associated with @entity204 (log-rank test P = 0.00067; Cox's test P = 0.00046; Gehan's Wilcoxon test P = 0.00108). In 94 @entity1 , the development of @entity3 during follow-up was significantly related to MC. Indeed, @entity1 who developed @entity3 during follow-up showed a higher MC, either as a dichotomous (P = 0.01) or as a continuous (P = 0.003) variable, than @entity1 who had developed no @entity3 at the time of the analysis. Moreover, in the stepwise logistic regression analysis, MC retained the most important influence on distant metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Microvessel count predicts @entity3 and survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage lung cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['increased death risk']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The growth of newly formed vessels, or neoangiogenesis, represents an important step in both physiological and pathological situations: in particular, @entity5 growth and @entity3 require angiogenesis. Microvessel count (MC), which represents a measure of @entity5 angiogenesis, has been associated with metastatic spread in cutaneous, mammary, prostatic, head and neck, and @entity5 . In this study, the role of @entity5 angiogenesis as a prognostic indicator was examined in 253 primary @entity1149 (NSCLC) @entity1 . Microvessels were counted by highlighting endothelial cells with anti-Factor VIII monoclonal antibody (Mab) in methacarn-fixed @entity5 samples. In univariat analysis, MC (P< 0.000001), sex (P=0.0036), histotype (P < 0.014), @entity5 status (P <0.007), and vessel invasion (P < 0.019) were significantly related to hilar and/or mediastinal nodal involvement. However, in the stepwise logistic regression analysis, MC (P<0.000003) retained the most important influence on nodal @entity3 . The overall survival analysis calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method revealed that @entity5 with high MC ( > 25 vessels/field) were significantly associated with @entity204 (log-rank test P = 0.00067; Cox's test P = 0.00046; Gehan's Wilcoxon test P = 0.00108). In 94 @entity1 , the development of @entity3 during follow-up was significantly related to MC. Indeed, @entity1 who developed @entity3 during follow-up showed a higher MC, either as a dichotomous (P = 0.01) or as a continuous (P = 0.003) variable, than @entity1 who had developed no @entity3 at the time of the analysis. Moreover, in the stepwise logistic regression analysis, MC retained the most important influence on distant metastases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Microvessel count predicts XXXX and survival in @entity1149 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study final height after long-term @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) treatment in @entity1 with @entity2689 ( @entity2689 ). @entity1 : One hundred fifty three @entity1 with @entity2689 , participating in five European trials, were included. They started @entity2124 treatment in 1987-1989 at an age of 10 years or older. Mean age at start of treatment ranged between 11.7 and 14.6 years among countries and mean bone age between 9.4 and 11.8 years. Fourteen @entity1 were lost to follow-up, leaving 139 for analysis. Most @entity1 have now attained final height (FH), defined as a linear growth velocity (GV) of 4 mm/yr or less, measured over at least 6 months (group 1, n = 56), or near-FH, defined as a GV of 5 to 9 mm/yr (group 2, n = 22). Sixty-one @entity1 were still growing 10 mm/yr or more. METHODS AND MAIN RESULTS: At the last measurement, mean (SD) height was 150.7 (4.9) cm in group 1 and 148.5 (5.1) cm in group 2. The differences between FH and projected final height based on extrapolation of the initial height-standard deviation score on @entity2689 reference values, were 2.9 (3.8) and 3.0 (3.3) cm, respectively. The mean gain over the Bayley-Pinneau prediction of FH was 3.3 (3.9) cm in both groups. No significant differences between countries were found. The range of gains over projected height (-4.7 to 12.1 cm) was large, and 25% of gains were 5 cm or more. Gain over initial projection was strongly related to @entity851 and to growth response during the first 2 years of treatment. A logistic regression model is presented that predicts gain of more than 5 cm with a positive predictive value of 62% and a negative predictive value of 84%. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term @entity2124 treatment in @entity1 with @entity2689 , starting treatment at a relatively advanced age ( > 10 years) resulted in a modest mean gain in FH of 3 cm, with wide interindividual variation.

title: Final height after long-term @entity2124 treatment in XXXX . European Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['initial growth delay']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome', 'TS']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study final height after long-term @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) treatment in @entity1 with @entity2689 ( @entity2689 ). @entity1 : One hundred fifty three @entity1 with @entity2689 , participating in five European trials, were included. They started @entity2124 treatment in 1987-1989 at an age of 10 years or older. Mean age at start of treatment ranged between 11.7 and 14.6 years among countries and mean bone age between 9.4 and 11.8 years. Fourteen @entity1 were lost to follow-up, leaving 139 for analysis. Most @entity1 have now attained final height (FH), defined as a linear growth velocity (GV) of 4 mm/yr or less, measured over at least 6 months (group 1, n = 56), or near-FH, defined as a GV of 5 to 9 mm/yr (group 2, n = 22). Sixty-one @entity1 were still growing 10 mm/yr or more. METHODS AND MAIN RESULTS: At the last measurement, mean (SD) height was 150.7 (4.9) cm in group 1 and 148.5 (5.1) cm in group 2. The differences between FH and projected final height based on extrapolation of the initial height-standard deviation score on @entity2689 reference values, were 2.9 (3.8) and 3.0 (3.3) cm, respectively. The mean gain over the Bayley-Pinneau prediction of FH was 3.3 (3.9) cm in both groups. No significant differences between countries were found. The range of gains over projected height (-4.7 to 12.1 cm) was large, and 25% of gains were 5 cm or more. Gain over initial projection was strongly related to @entity851 and to growth response during the first 2 years of treatment. A logistic regression model is presented that predicts gain of more than 5 cm with a positive predictive value of 62% and a negative predictive value of 84%. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term @entity2124 treatment in @entity1 with @entity2689 , starting treatment at a relatively advanced age ( > 10 years) resulted in a modest mean gain in FH of 3 cm, with wide interindividual variation.

title: Final height after long-term XXXX treatment in @entity2689 . European Study Group.

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: A recent study in @entity1 fetuses with myelomeningocele ( @entity1139 ) suggested that the primary @entity600 is not neural but a failed closure of the posterior vertebral column and paraspinal soft tissue, which leads to exposure and secondary destruction of the spinal cord. The goal of this study was to test whether chronic exposure of the normal spinal cord to the amniotic space produces a lesion similar to @entity1 MMC. In fetal @entity742 at 75 days' gestation (group A) and 60 days' gestation (group B) (term = 150 days), the lumbar spinal cord was exposed to the amniotic cavity by excising skin and paraspinal soft tissues, and by performing a laminectomy. Some animals from both groups were fetectomized and assessed morphologically at 100 days' gestation. The remainder were delivered near term and assessed clinically, electrophysiologically, and morphologically. In group A, all animals showed MMC-type pathology. The exposed spinal cord was herniated out of the spinal canal and rested on the dorsal membranes of a cystic sac. The neural tissue was stretched and flattened out. Histologically, the hallmarks of the spinal cord were not discernable and the cytoarchitecture was lost. These changes were less severe at 100 days than at term. The three survivors in group A were paraplegic. In group B, the two survivors and two fetuses harvested at 100 days had healed skin wounds and near normal spinal cord histology. The other animal harvested at 100 days had a MMC-type lesion with less severe histological changes. The two survivors had a mild paraparesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Creation of myelomeningocele in utero: a model of functional damage from spinal cord exposure in fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent to which the sensitization to the @entity13377 @entity13377 (BG) affects onset/presence of @entity7370 ( @entity7370 ) in @entity1 is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The present work was aimed to assess the prevalence of BG sensitization in an outpatient pediatric population from an @entity566 clinic, the association with @entity56 , and the effect of age in @entity1 with @entity56 sensitization. METHODS: Five hundred and four consecutive @entity1 with at least one positive skin test to a panel of 17 food and inhalant allergens, including BG, and with personal history of @entity66 , were enrolled in an Allergy Unit of Palermo, Mediterranean area of Southern Italy. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. Atopy index was computed as the number of the individual positive skin prick tests. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between age classes and BG sensitization and @entity7370 , as well as the population-attributable risk (PAR) for @entity7370 . RESULTS: Prevalence of BG sensitization was 10.5% (5.2% and 15.8% in lower and upper age classes respectively, p=0.0001). Atopy index significantly increased from the lower to the higher age class (p<0.0001). The older age class (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.57-6.19) and a higher atopy index (OR 37.16; 95% CI 5.04-274.13) were recognized as main risks factors for BG sensitization. CONCLUSION: In the upper age class, the PAR of BG sensitization for @entity7370 was 20.6%. BG sensitization increases in the higher ages, along with atopic index, and BG sensitization is associated with rhinoconjunctivis in older @entity56 @entity1 .

title: Association of @entity13377 sensitization with @entity66 in pediatric XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['RC', 'rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity13377 :: ('6973', 'Species') :: ['German cockroach', 'Blattella germanica']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent to which the sensitization to the @entity13377 @entity13377 (BG) affects onset/presence of @entity7370 ( @entity7370 ) in @entity1 is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The present work was aimed to assess the prevalence of BG sensitization in an outpatient pediatric population from an @entity566 clinic, the association with @entity56 , and the effect of age in @entity1 with @entity56 sensitization. METHODS: Five hundred and four consecutive @entity1 with at least one positive skin test to a panel of 17 food and inhalant allergens, including BG, and with personal history of @entity66 , were enrolled in an Allergy Unit of Palermo, Mediterranean area of Southern Italy. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. Atopy index was computed as the number of the individual positive skin prick tests. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between age classes and BG sensitization and @entity7370 , as well as the population-attributable risk (PAR) for @entity7370 . RESULTS: Prevalence of BG sensitization was 10.5% (5.2% and 15.8% in lower and upper age classes respectively, p=0.0001). Atopy index significantly increased from the lower to the higher age class (p<0.0001). The older age class (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.57-6.19) and a higher atopy index (OR 37.16; 95% CI 5.04-274.13) were recognized as main risks factors for BG sensitization. CONCLUSION: In the upper age class, the PAR of BG sensitization for @entity7370 was 20.6%. BG sensitization increases in the higher ages, along with atopic index, and BG sensitization is associated with rhinoconjunctivis in older @entity56 @entity1 .

title: Association of @entity13377 sensitization with XXXX in pediatric @entity56 @entity1 .

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['atopic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent to which the sensitization to the @entity13377 @entity13377 (BG) affects onset/presence of @entity7370 ( @entity7370 ) in @entity1 is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The present work was aimed to assess the prevalence of BG sensitization in an outpatient pediatric population from an @entity566 clinic, the association with @entity56 , and the effect of age in @entity1 with @entity56 sensitization. METHODS: Five hundred and four consecutive @entity1 with at least one positive skin test to a panel of 17 food and inhalant allergens, including BG, and with personal history of @entity66 , were enrolled in an Allergy Unit of Palermo, Mediterranean area of Southern Italy. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. Atopy index was computed as the number of the individual positive skin prick tests. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between age classes and BG sensitization and @entity7370 , as well as the population-attributable risk (PAR) for @entity7370 . RESULTS: Prevalence of BG sensitization was 10.5% (5.2% and 15.8% in lower and upper age classes respectively, p=0.0001). Atopy index significantly increased from the lower to the higher age class (p<0.0001). The older age class (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.57-6.19) and a higher atopy index (OR 37.16; 95% CI 5.04-274.13) were recognized as main risks factors for BG sensitization. CONCLUSION: In the upper age class, the PAR of BG sensitization for @entity7370 was 20.6%. BG sensitization increases in the higher ages, along with atopic index, and BG sensitization is associated with rhinoconjunctivis in older @entity56 @entity1 .

title: Association of XXXX sensitization with @entity66 in pediatric @entity56 @entity1 .

answer: @entity13377 :: (6973,Species) :: ['Blattella germanica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent to which the sensitization to the @entity13377 @entity13377 (BG) affects onset/presence of @entity7370 ( @entity7370 ) in @entity1 is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The present work was aimed to assess the prevalence of BG sensitization in an outpatient pediatric population from an @entity566 clinic, the association with @entity56 , and the effect of age in @entity1 with @entity56 sensitization. METHODS: Five hundred and four consecutive @entity1 with at least one positive skin test to a panel of 17 food and inhalant allergens, including BG, and with personal history of @entity66 , were enrolled in an Allergy Unit of Palermo, Mediterranean area of Southern Italy. A questionnaire was administered to obtain data on epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. Atopy index was computed as the number of the individual positive skin prick tests. Logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between age classes and BG sensitization and @entity7370 , as well as the population-attributable risk (PAR) for @entity7370 . RESULTS: Prevalence of BG sensitization was 10.5% (5.2% and 15.8% in lower and upper age classes respectively, p=0.0001). Atopy index significantly increased from the lower to the higher age class (p<0.0001). The older age class (OR 3.12; 95% CI 1.57-6.19) and a higher atopy index (OR 37.16; 95% CI 5.04-274.13) were recognized as main risks factors for BG sensitization. CONCLUSION: In the upper age class, the PAR of BG sensitization for @entity7370 was 20.6%. BG sensitization increases in the higher ages, along with atopic index, and BG sensitization is associated with rhinoconjunctivis in older @entity56 @entity1 .

title: Association of @entity13377 sensitization with @entity66 in pediatric @entity56 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) continues to carry high morbidity and mortality. A number of treatment modalities including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and in utero repair have improved the mortality rate only minimally. With this condition, there is often insufficient lung mass at birth and persistent @entity120 postnatally. Experimental fetal tracheal ligation has been shown to increase lung growth in utero and to reduce the hernial contents in @entity2914 . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of reversible fetal tracheal occlusion on tracheal pressure and lung development. Nine fetal @entity742 were divided into two groups. Group 1 had intratracheal balloons placed, and the balloons were left inflated for 21 to 28 days. Group 2 consisted of littermates that served as controls. They either had uninflated balloons placed or were left unoperated. Tracheal pressure measurements were recorded periodically, and the amniotic fluid pressure served as a reference. The animals were killed near term, and the lungs, heart, and liver were weighed and corrected for body weight. Standard morphometry was used to compare the lungs further, and the lung DNA and protein content were measured. @entity16 from the balloon catheter also was assessed. The tracheal pressure was 3.85 (+/- .49 SE) mm Hg in experimental animals, and it averaged -0.27 (+/- .27 SE) mm Hg in controls (P < .0001). @entity432 increased lung weight and volume by two to three times (P < .0001 and P < .0006, respectively) while heart and liver weights remained similar to those of controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reversible tracheal obstruction in the fetal XXXX : effects on tracheal fluid pressure and lung growth.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Tracheal damage']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Tracheal occlusion']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: The experience with high-risk @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) at an institution that does not offer extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was reviewed. Between January 1, 1983 and December 31, 1993, 38 @entity1 presented with Bochdalek-type @entity2914 . Excluded were two @entity1 with lethal @entity299 and four presenting after 4 hours of age. Thus, the authors identified 32 high-risk @entity1 . All had early @entity649 and were intubated within 5 hours of birth. Sixteen were inborn; 16 were referred to the Izaak Walton Killam @entity1 's Hospital (IWK) within 24 hours of birth. There were 19 males and 13 females. Three died before surgery could be attempted. Twenty-two survived, giving an overall survival rate of 69% (22 of 32). For 28 of the 32, the best preoperative postductal Pao2 (BPDPao2) was recorded. Fifteen of the 28 @entity1 had a BPDPao2 of greater than 100 mm Hg. Survival in this group was 14 of 15 (93%). Thirteen of the 28 @entity1 had a BPDPao2 of less than 100 mm Hg. Survival in this group was 5 of 13 (38%). These survival rates are comparable to those of centers offering ECMO. BPDPao2 appears to be a useful discriminating variable.

title: Survival in neonatal XXXX without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support.

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital hernia']


abstract: Long-term follow-up examination with esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed on seven @entity1 who had undergone successful delayed @entity254 for isolated @entity1152 . The follow-up period ranged from 1.2 to 11.3 years (mean, 5.3). All @entity1 had undergone fundoplication because of symptomatic @entity354 ( @entity354 ). Three anastomotic strictures had to be resected. At the time of the last follow-up examination, the subjective results were excellent for five @entity1 and good for two. The last endoscopy showed @entity2910 in three and normal mucosa in four. The fundoplication was partly disrupted in two @entity1 . In three @entity1 the fundoplication was competent but partly intrathoracic. Histological examination showed moderate @entity2910 in one, mild @entity2910 in one, and normal mucosa in five @entity1 ; however, four @entity1 were on continuous medication for @entity2910 . In conclusion, the subjective results of @entity1 with isolated @entity1152 treated with esophageal @entity254 are good. However, long-term complications caused by @entity354 are common in these @entity1 . Therefore, active search and treatment of reflux is necessary for these @entity1 .

title: Long-term complications in cases of isolated @entity1152 treated with esophageal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic esophagitis', 'esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Long-term follow-up examination with esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed on seven @entity1 who had undergone successful delayed @entity254 for isolated @entity1152 . The follow-up period ranged from 1.2 to 11.3 years (mean, 5.3). All @entity1 had undergone fundoplication because of symptomatic @entity354 ( @entity354 ). Three anastomotic strictures had to be resected. At the time of the last follow-up examination, the subjective results were excellent for five @entity1 and good for two. The last endoscopy showed @entity2910 in three and normal mucosa in four. The fundoplication was partly disrupted in two @entity1 . In three @entity1 the fundoplication was competent but partly intrathoracic. Histological examination showed moderate @entity2910 in one, mild @entity2910 in one, and normal mucosa in five @entity1 ; however, four @entity1 were on continuous medication for @entity2910 . In conclusion, the subjective results of @entity1 with isolated @entity1152 treated with esophageal @entity254 are good. However, long-term complications caused by @entity354 are common in these @entity1 . Therefore, active search and treatment of reflux is necessary for these @entity1 .

title: Long-term complications in cases of isolated XXXX treated with esophageal @entity254 .

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: 1. In skeletal muscle fibres, voltage-gated @entity1372 channels are concentrated at the neuromuscular junction. The effect of this accumulation of @entity1372 channels on action potential generation was investigated in @entity35 slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibres. 2. Intracellular microelectrodes were used to generate and record action potentials, from an imposed membrane potential of -75 and -90 mV, in junctional and extrajunctional regions of the muscle fibre. To identify junctional regions, preparations were incubated with 5 x 10(-7) M @entity2899 ( @entity9856 ) to block muscle contraction in response to nerve stimulation whilst allowing endplate potentials (EPPs) to be recorded. Injection of rectangular depolarizing current pulses initiated action potentials at the endplate with threshold values several millivolts lower than those generated elsewhere in the fibre. In addition, the maximum rate of rise of the action potential was greater at the endplate than in extrajunctional regions. 3. In other muscles, neuromuscular transmission was partially blocked with @entity9856 (2 x 10(-7) M), such that repetitive nerve stimulation evoked action potentials and EPPs in the same fibre. The threshold of these nerve-evoked action potentials was approximately 50% lower than values derived from action potentials generated by current injection. 4. It is concluded that the threshold for action potential generation is significantly lower at the neuromuscular junction than in extrajunctional regions of skeletal muscle fibres. Furthermore, nerve-evoked current is more effective at generating an action potential than is injected current.

title: Action potential generation in XXXX slow- and fast-twitch muscles.

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['d-tubocurarine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8434 ( @entity8434 ) in the spleen is a rare disease even in endemic regions. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of percutaneous treatment for splenic @entity8434 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve @entity1 (four @entity1 , eight @entity1 ) with splenic @entity8434 were included in this study. For percutaneous treatment, @entity2601 and CE3A splenic hydatid cysts were treated with either the PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection, respiration) technique or the catheterization technique. RESULTS: Eight of the hydatid cysts were treated with the PAIR technique and four were treated with catheterization. The volume of all cysts decreased significantly during the follow-up period. No complication occurred in seven of 12 @entity1 . Abscess developed in four @entity1 . Two @entity1 underwent splenectomy due to @entity281 developed after percutaneous treatment, while the spleen was preserved in 10 of 12 @entity1 . Total hospital stay was between 1 and 18  days. Hospital stay was longer and the rate of @entity281 was higher in the catheterization group. Follow-up period was 5-117  months (mean, 44.8  months), with no recurrence observed. CONCLUSION: The advantages of the percutaneous treatment are its minimal invasive nature, short hospitalization duration, and its ability to preserve splenic tissue and function. As the catheterization technique is associated with higher abscess risk, we suggest that the PAIR procedure should be the first percutaneous treatment option for splenic @entity8434 .

title: Percutaneous Treatment of XXXX : Results of 12 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['CE', 'Cystic echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cavity infection', 'infection']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['Splenic Cystic Echinococcosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity548 is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of blunt @entity1661 . It can induce active @entity548 and a compressive @entity1410 leading to @entity63 . @entity341 remains the gold standard treatment. We aimed to study the effectiveness and complications of @entity887 in @entity1 with post-traumatic @entity548 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 7 consecutive @entity1 with active @entity548 treated by @entity887 in a level-one @entity130 center from 2007 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 presented with active @entity548 on CT scans without major signs of @entity63 . We focused on technical success, clinical success, and the complications of @entity887 . RESULTS: Six endovascular procedures were successful in controlling @entity548 but 1 @entity1 had surgery to stop associated arterial and @entity548 . One @entity1 suffered from @entity63 , a major @entity887 , which was confirmed by surgery. No @entity810 was noted after angiography. For 1 @entity1 we performed combined management as the endovascular approach allowed an easier surgical exploration. CONCLUSION: In mesenteric @entity130 with active @entity548 , @entity887 is a valuable alternative to surgery and should be considered, taking into account the risk of @entity63 .

title: Arterial Embolization in the Management of Mesenteric Bleeding Secondary to Blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric bleeding', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'Mesenteric bleeding', 'venous bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'bowel ischemia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['Emergency laparotomy']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['complication of embolization', 'embolization']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To improve the differential diagnosis accuracy for @entity5474 ( @entity5474 ), and to study the basis and mechanisms of enhancement by comparing with the microvessel constructions (microvessel density and basement membrane of microvessels) in @entity5474 . METHODS: Dynamic contrast enhancement CT scanning were performed in 38 @entity2 , 5 @entity4607 and 10 inflammatory lesions which were less than 3 cm in diameter with Siemens Plus S or Marconi MX 8000 spiral CT scanner. The CT time-attenuation curves were interpreted. The microvessel density (MVD) and the basement membrane of microvessels of the resected specimens were observed with the ABC immuno-histochemical method in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The CT contrasted value of @entity2 [(49.05  16.08) HU] and inflammatory lesions [(49.59  21.30) HU] were significantly higher than that of @entity4607 [(8.98  4.56) HU] (t=7.48, P < 0.05; t=8.35, P < 0.05), but the enhancement of @entity2 was similar to that of inflammatory lesions (t=0.76, P > 0.05). The time-attenuation curve of inflammatory lesions tended to increase faster and reach a higher peak value than that of @entity2 , and both of them maintained a high plateau after crossing. The @entity4607 showed a slight increase and demonstrated a low plateau curve. The MVD of @entity5474 was positively related to CT enhancement (r=0.805 1). The microvessel counts of @entity2 (48.45  10.09) and inflammatory lesions (49.60  19.94) were significantly higher than that of @entity4607 (8.70  7.30) (t=11.64, P < 0.001; t=6.09, P < 0.001), but no significant difference was found between @entity2 and inflammatory lesions (t=-0.26, P=0.799). There was no any difference in continuity of basement membrane between nodules with enhanced CT less than 30 HU and higher than 30 U (Chi-square=3.13, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The microvessel counts mainly contribute to the enhancement of @entity5474 . The basement membrane is not related to nodule enhancement, but it might influence the pattern of time-attenuation curve.

title: [Difference of microvessel structure between benign and malignant XXXX and its relationship with CT enhancement level].

entities_list: @entity5474 :: ('MESH:D003074', 'Disease') :: ['SPNs', 'solitary pulmonary nodules']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma']

answer: @entity5474 :: (MESH:D003074,Disease) :: ['solitary pulmonary nodules']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the relationship between intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatment and the levels of vitreous @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ) and vitreous-retina surface @entity82 in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: This study was a prospective, open-label, controlled, randomized clinical trial. Sixty-eight eyes of @entity6 @entity1 (n=53) and macular hole @entity1 (n=15) were enrolled in this study. Thirty-four eyes of the @entity6 @entity1 received IVB before vitrectomy. Twenty-three of the 34 @entity6 @entity1 received IVB treatment 5d before vitrectomy (subgroup a), and 11 of the 34 @entity6 @entity1 received IVB treatment greater than 2wk prior to vitrectomy (subgroup b). Nineteen of the @entity6 @entity1 did not receive IVB treatment at any time prior to vitrectomy. The levels of @entity540 and @entity7 in vitreous samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the degree of @entity82 was characterized using clinical data and data obtained intra-operatively. RESULTS: In @entity6 @entity1 , @entity7 and @entity540 levels were significantly increased compared to non- @entity6 (control) subject' @entity12938 (P<0.01). In @entity6 @entity1 , vitreous @entity7 levels were significantly decreased following IVB treatment compared to @entity6 @entity1 that did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.01). The degree of @entity82 was significantly increased in subgroup b compared to subgroup a(P<0.05) and to @entity1 that did not receive IVB (P<0.05). Vitreous @entity540 levels were significantly greater in subgroup b than subgroup a (P<0.01) or in @entity1 who did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.05). A Spearman's rank correlation test indicated that higher levels of vitreous @entity540 , but not @entity7 , correlated with the degree of @entity82 . CONCLUSION: We found that @entity540 levels increase in @entity6 @entity1 's vitreous after IVB treatment longer than two weeks prior to vitrectomy and correlated with the degree of @entity82 after IVB treatment. These findings suggest vitreous @entity82 is increased in @entity6 @entity1 after IVB treatment may be due to increased levels of @entity540 .

title: Changes in vitreous @entity7 , @entity540 and XXXX in @entity6 after intravitreal bevacizumab.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'vitreoretinal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'PDR']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the relationship between intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatment and the levels of vitreous @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ) and vitreous-retina surface @entity82 in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: This study was a prospective, open-label, controlled, randomized clinical trial. Sixty-eight eyes of @entity6 @entity1 (n=53) and macular hole @entity1 (n=15) were enrolled in this study. Thirty-four eyes of the @entity6 @entity1 received IVB before vitrectomy. Twenty-three of the 34 @entity6 @entity1 received IVB treatment 5d before vitrectomy (subgroup a), and 11 of the 34 @entity6 @entity1 received IVB treatment greater than 2wk prior to vitrectomy (subgroup b). Nineteen of the @entity6 @entity1 did not receive IVB treatment at any time prior to vitrectomy. The levels of @entity540 and @entity7 in vitreous samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the degree of @entity82 was characterized using clinical data and data obtained intra-operatively. RESULTS: In @entity6 @entity1 , @entity7 and @entity540 levels were significantly increased compared to non- @entity6 (control) subject' @entity12938 (P<0.01). In @entity6 @entity1 , vitreous @entity7 levels were significantly decreased following IVB treatment compared to @entity6 @entity1 that did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.01). The degree of @entity82 was significantly increased in subgroup b compared to subgroup a(P<0.05) and to @entity1 that did not receive IVB (P<0.05). Vitreous @entity540 levels were significantly greater in subgroup b than subgroup a (P<0.01) or in @entity1 who did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.05). A Spearman's rank correlation test indicated that higher levels of vitreous @entity540 , but not @entity7 , correlated with the degree of @entity82 . CONCLUSION: We found that @entity540 levels increase in @entity6 @entity1 's vitreous after IVB treatment longer than two weeks prior to vitrectomy and correlated with the degree of @entity82 after IVB treatment. These findings suggest vitreous @entity82 is increased in @entity6 @entity1 after IVB treatment may be due to increased levels of @entity540 .

title: Changes in vitreous XXXX , @entity540 and @entity82 in @entity6 after intravitreal bevacizumab.

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the relationship between intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatment and the levels of vitreous @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ) and vitreous-retina surface @entity82 in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: This study was a prospective, open-label, controlled, randomized clinical trial. Sixty-eight eyes of @entity6 @entity1 (n=53) and macular hole @entity1 (n=15) were enrolled in this study. Thirty-four eyes of the @entity6 @entity1 received IVB before vitrectomy. Twenty-three of the 34 @entity6 @entity1 received IVB treatment 5d before vitrectomy (subgroup a), and 11 of the 34 @entity6 @entity1 received IVB treatment greater than 2wk prior to vitrectomy (subgroup b). Nineteen of the @entity6 @entity1 did not receive IVB treatment at any time prior to vitrectomy. The levels of @entity540 and @entity7 in vitreous samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the degree of @entity82 was characterized using clinical data and data obtained intra-operatively. RESULTS: In @entity6 @entity1 , @entity7 and @entity540 levels were significantly increased compared to non- @entity6 (control) subject' @entity12938 (P<0.01). In @entity6 @entity1 , vitreous @entity7 levels were significantly decreased following IVB treatment compared to @entity6 @entity1 that did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.01). The degree of @entity82 was significantly increased in subgroup b compared to subgroup a(P<0.05) and to @entity1 that did not receive IVB (P<0.05). Vitreous @entity540 levels were significantly greater in subgroup b than subgroup a (P<0.01) or in @entity1 who did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.05). A Spearman's rank correlation test indicated that higher levels of vitreous @entity540 , but not @entity7 , correlated with the degree of @entity82 . CONCLUSION: We found that @entity540 levels increase in @entity6 @entity1 's vitreous after IVB treatment longer than two weeks prior to vitrectomy and correlated with the degree of @entity82 after IVB treatment. These findings suggest vitreous @entity82 is increased in @entity6 @entity1 after IVB treatment may be due to increased levels of @entity540 .

title: Changes in vitreous @entity7 , XXXX and @entity82 in @entity6 after intravitreal bevacizumab.

answer: @entity540 :: (2247,Gene) :: ['bFGF']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the relationship between intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) treatment and the levels of vitreous @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ) and vitreous-retina surface @entity82 in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: This study was a prospective, open-label, controlled, randomized clinical trial. Sixty-eight eyes of @entity6 @entity1 (n=53) and macular hole @entity1 (n=15) were enrolled in this study. Thirty-four eyes of the @entity6 @entity1 received IVB before vitrectomy. Twenty-three of the 34 @entity6 @entity1 received IVB treatment 5d before vitrectomy (subgroup a), and 11 of the 34 @entity6 @entity1 received IVB treatment greater than 2wk prior to vitrectomy (subgroup b). Nineteen of the @entity6 @entity1 did not receive IVB treatment at any time prior to vitrectomy. The levels of @entity540 and @entity7 in vitreous samples were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the degree of @entity82 was characterized using clinical data and data obtained intra-operatively. RESULTS: In @entity6 @entity1 , @entity7 and @entity540 levels were significantly increased compared to non- @entity6 (control) subject' @entity12938 (P<0.01). In @entity6 @entity1 , vitreous @entity7 levels were significantly decreased following IVB treatment compared to @entity6 @entity1 that did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.01). The degree of @entity82 was significantly increased in subgroup b compared to subgroup a(P<0.05) and to @entity1 that did not receive IVB (P<0.05). Vitreous @entity540 levels were significantly greater in subgroup b than subgroup a (P<0.01) or in @entity1 who did not receive IVB treatment (P<0.05). A Spearman's rank correlation test indicated that higher levels of vitreous @entity540 , but not @entity7 , correlated with the degree of @entity82 . CONCLUSION: We found that @entity540 levels increase in @entity6 @entity1 's vitreous after IVB treatment longer than two weeks prior to vitrectomy and correlated with the degree of @entity82 after IVB treatment. These findings suggest vitreous @entity82 is increased in @entity6 @entity1 after IVB treatment may be due to increased levels of @entity540 .

title: Changes in vitreous @entity7 , @entity540 and @entity82 in XXXX after intravitreal bevacizumab.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the influencing factors of visual field improvement after trans-sphenoidal resection of @entity4611 . METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 201 @entity1 (366 eyes) with @entity227 induced by @entity4611 . All of them were treated with trans-sphenoidal surgery. Ophthalmologic evaluation, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and visual field examination were performed before and 3mo after surgery. BCVA, @entity227 index @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ), duration of symptoms, age, sex, and volume of @entity5 were compared. Expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and Ki-67 of @entity5 tissue were detected by immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 was 44.23  1.29y. Ninety-three @entity1 were female and 108 were male. The mean @entity5 volume was 14.36  6.23 cm(3). The mean duration of preoperative symptoms was 11.50  0.88mo. Mean preoperative @entity5494 was -17.50  0.82 dB. Mean Preoperative visual acuity was 0.64  0.04. Postoperative visual field improved in 270 (73.77%) eyes, unchanged in 96 (26.23%) eyes. Multivariate logistic regression displayed that the factors independently influencing visual field improvement were young age (OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.325-2.387, P=0.013), low preoperative @entity5494 absolute value (OR=1.277, 95%CI: 1.205-1.355, P<0.001), small volume of @entity5 (OR=1.458, 95%CI: 1.060-4.289, P<0.001), low expression of @entity7 in @entity5 tissue (OR=1.554, 95%CI: 1.089-2.457, P=0.022), and low expression of Ki-67 in @entity5 tissue (OR=1.552, 95%CI: 1.161-2.847, P=0.026). CONCLUSION: After @entity4611 trans-sphenoidal resection, the independent influencing factors of the visual fields recovery were low preoperative @entity5494 absolute value, young age, small volume of @entity5 , and expression levels of @entity7 / Ki-67.

title: Factors influencing improvement of visual field after trans-sphenoidal resection of XXXX : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean deviation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenomas']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['pituitary macroadenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of vaginosonography in predicting the presence of abnormal intrauterine findings at hysteroscopy in @entity1 presenting with abnormal uterine @entity548 . STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred thirty-eight @entity1 between the ages of 25 and 75 were evaluated for abnormal uterine @entity548 by a combination of vaginal probe ultrasound, hysteroscopy and suction curettage. Ultrasound findings were classified as normal, abnormal or equivocal, and hysteroscopic findings as normal or abnormal. The ability of findings on ultrasound to predict a normal or abnormal hysteroscopic examination was evaluated. RESULTS: Ultrasound examination was normal, equivocal and abnormal in 57 (24%), 78 (33%) and 103 (43%) @entity1 , respectively. If equivocal scans are excluded, ultrasound had a positive predictive value of 87%, negative predictive value of 89%, sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 89%. If equivocal scans are considered abnormal, the positive predictive value of an abnormal ultrasound examination was 75%, negative predictive value was 89%, sensitivity 96% and specificity 53%. Vaginosonography detected 99% of @entity1868 and 89% of @entity1478 . CONCLUSION: Normal and abnormal vaginal probe ultrasound examination of the uterus is effective in predicting the presence or absence of endometrial pathology as determined by hysteroscopy and suction curettage. Vaginal probe ultrasound is an excellent screening examination for the presence of intrauterine pathology and can assist in planning further evaluation and treatment.

title: Abnormal uterine XXXX . Accuracy of vaginal probe ultrasound in predicting abnormal hysteroscopic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['submucous myomas']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: Is the combined excisional/ablative technique for the treatment of @entity43 better than the traditional stripping technique in terms of recurrence rate? SUMMARY ANSWER: There is no evidence that the combined excisional/ablative technique is better than the traditional stripping technique, as similar recurrence rates were observed for the two techniques. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The stripping technique is associated with better results compared with ablative, non-excisional techniques for the treatment of @entity43 . Excisional techniques, such as stripping, have, however, been associated with reduced ovarian reserve as evaluated with anti-Mullerian hormone, and surgical techniques that better preserve the ovarian reserve are needed. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A prospective, multicentre, randomized blinded clinical trial was carried out on 51 @entity1 with @entity46 larger than 3 cm. For each @entity1 , serving as her own control, one ovary was randomized to the stripping technique and the contralateral to the combined excisional/ablative technique. @entity1 were enrolled between January 2013 and April 2014. @entity1 /MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: @entity1 of reproductive age with @entity2371 affected by @entity46 larger than 3 cm were included (n = 51). The @entity1 underwent laparoscopic removal of @entity46 with two different surgical techniques performed at either side after random assignment: complete removal by stripping on one side versus the combined technique, consisting of partial excisional cystectomy followed by completion with ablative surgery using @entity162 , on the other side. Post-operative follow-up was performed at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery for the evaluation of @entity46 recurrence (primary outcome) and of antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian volumes (OVs) to assess ovarian reserve (secondary outcome). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Recurrence rates were 5.9% for the stripping technique versus 2.0% for the combined technique (odds ratio 3.00; 95% confidence interval: 0.24-157.5; P = 0.62). AFC in the ovaries treated with the stripping technique did not differ significantly from AFC in ovaries treated with the combined technique at all follow-up visits, whereas OV was significantly lower after the combined technique at the 6-month follow-up visit (P = 0.04). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: A major limitation of this study is the small sample size and particularly for ovarian reserve, the secondary outcome, for which no formal sample size calculation was performed. The lower-than-expected recurrence rates in the present series may be related to the shorter follow-up in our study compared with most studies in the literature. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are needed to confirm the findings of this study. The combined technique using @entity3158 laser energy instead of @entity162 should also be evaluated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The traditional excisional technique, i.e. the stripping technique, should still be considered the gold standard approach for the surgical treatment of @entity46 . STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: No commercial funding was received. The authors report no relevant conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ANZCTR number ACTRN12614000653662. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE: 23 June 2014. DATE OF FIRST @entity1 'S ENROLMENT: 1 January 2013.

title: Comparison between the stripping technique and the combined excisional/ablative technique for the treatment of bilateral XXXX : a multicentre RCT.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometriomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain and/or infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriomas', 'endometrioma', 'bilateral endometriomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian endometriomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been shown that patch closure after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) decreases the rate of recurrent @entity850 . This study was designed to evaluate the utility of @entity291 pericardium patch as an option for patch closure after CEA. METHODS: This retrospective study examined 845 CEAs with @entity291 patch closure that were performed by the surgeons of Indiana-Ohio Heart, Fort Wayne, IN, between May 2003 and March 2009. The average age of the @entity1 was 72.7    10.6 years and postoperative follow-up was performed using duplex ultrasound at (ideally) 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and annually thereafter. The average duration of follow-up for this study was 19.2    16.8 months (ranging from 1 day to 72 months). All @entity1 were evaluated for demographics and postoperative medications. @entity256 was categorized in three ways: nonsignificant (0-59% narrowing of the artery), significant (60-79%), or critical (80-99%). A total of 796 arteries were studied at least once during the postoperative period. RESULTS: None of the postoperative duplex studies revealed occlusion of the endarterectomized artery. At the mean follow-up duration, 323 endarterectomized arteries were studied. In all, 24  arteries (7.43%) had significant @entity850 and only two (0.62%) had critical @entity850 . These numbers compare favorably with the recurrent restenosis rates of other materials. Additionally, the effect of statins on restenosis rates was studied. We were unable to demonstrate a beneficial effect of postoperative statin therapy on restenosis rates. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity291 pericardium for patch closure in CEA yields excellent freedom from residual or recurrent @entity86 and the use of statins postoperatively failed to reduce the likelihood of residual or recurrent @entity850 .

title: Retrospective analysis of XXXX pericardium (Vascu-Guard) for patch closure in carotid endarterectomies.

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: The " @entity1650 Core Set for Low Back @entity158 (LBP)" is an application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and represents the typical spectrum of problems in functioning for @entity1 with LBP. The aim of this study was to validate the @entity1650 Core Set for @entity1643 from the perspective of physical therapists. Physical therapists experienced in LBP treatment were asked about the @entity1 ' problems, @entity1 ' resources and aspects of environment treated by physical therapists in a three-round survey using the Delphi technique. Responses were linked to the ICF. Eighty-four physical therapists in 32 countries named 1955 concepts that covered all ICF components. Fourteen ICF categories were not represented in the @entity1650 Core Set for LBP although at least 75% of the @entity1 have rated them as important. Most of them belonged to the ICF component "Body Functions". Twenty-eight concepts were linked to the not-yet-developed ICF component personal factors. Further, 21 issues were not covered by the ICF. The validity of the ICF components "Body Structures", "Activities and Participation" and "Environmental Factors" was largely supported by the physical therapists. However, several body functions were identified which are not covered and need further investigation.

title: Validation of the comprehensive ICF core set for XXXX : the perspective of physical therapists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive ICF']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity130 and @entity32 have been proposed as causes of acute benign spinal @entity158 , but this etiology has not been investigated. PURPOSE: To investigate the presence of periarticular tissue @entity32 and zygapophysial joint @entity603 in the cervical region using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in subjects with acute unilateral cervical @entity158 and limited motion (acute "crick in the neck" <48 hours from onset), as well as the feasibility of recruiting these subjects. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Three-month case series in a university setting and private radiology clinic. @entity1 SAMPLE: Five subjects (three @entity1 and two @entity1 ; mean age, 31.6 years; @entity5494 [ @entity5494 ], 12.4). METHODS: Each subject was examined by a researcher experienced in manual medicine to assess active range of neck movement and the side and symptomatic segmental level of @entity158 . Subjects then underwent a blinded MRI investigation, which included sagittal images through the entire neck and cervical spine and axial images from C2 to T1. Evidence of capsule or periarticular @entity4 and joint space T2 increase was recorded and scored. Additionally, signs of @entity4 , alignment, @entity66 , facet @entity5144 , and @entity612 were recorded. RESULTS: Subjects presented with mean current @entity158 of 4.8 ( @entity5494 , 1.6; visual analog scale, 0-10), worst @entity158 since onset of 7.0 ( @entity5494 , 0.7), and duration of symptoms of 12.4 hours ( @entity5494 , 14.1). The plane of active motion most commonly limited was rotation to the @entity158 side, followed by side bending to the @entity158 side and extension. No MRI findings demonstrated clear evidence of @entity1143 or @entity32 around the joints of the cervical spine. In some individuals, signs of @entity4 , altered alignment, disc and facet @entity4040 , and @entity612 were noted, but these did not appear to be related to the side of @entity158 or symptomatic level. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence of @entity32 was detected, and more sensitive imaging methods may be required to detect inflammatory changes in or around the cervical joints of subjects with acute @entity4048 . Recruitment of subjects with acute "crick in the neck" @entity158 (<48 hours duration) is difficult but feasible over a long data collection period.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of subjects with acute XXXX and restricted motion: a prospective case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['cervical joint inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['synovial effusion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disc disease']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['standard deviation', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'muscle edema']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic change']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['benign neck pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Zygapophyseal joint injury']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['unilateral neck pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anaerobic bacteria are increasingly regarded as important in @entity3794 . The aim of this study was to determine the effect of antibiotic treatment on aerobic and anaerobic microbial community diversity and abundance during exacerbations in @entity1 with @entity1577 . METHODS: Sputum was collected at the start and completion of antibiotic treatment of exacerbations and when clinically stable. Bacteria were quantified and identified following culture, and community composition was also examined using culture-independent methods. RESULTS: @entity796 or @entity6402 complex were detected by culture in 24/26 samples at the start of treatment, 22/26 samples at completion of treatment and 11/13 stable samples. Anaerobic bacteria were detected in all start of treatment and stable samples and in 23/26 completion of treatment samples. Molecular analysis showed greater bacterial diversity within sputum samples than was detected by culture; there was reasonably good agreement between the methods for the presence or absence of aerobic bacteria such as @entity796 (k=0.74) and @entity6402 complex (k=0.92), but agreement was poorer for anaerobes. Both methods showed that the composition of the bacterial community varied between @entity1 but remained relatively stable in most individuals despite treatment. Bacterial abundance decreased transiently following treatment, with this effect more evident for aerobes (median decrease in total viable count 2.3 10(7) cfu/g, p=0.005) than for anaerobes (median decrease in total viable count 3 10(6) cfu/g, p=0.046). CONCLUSION: Antibiotic treatment targeted against aerobes had a minimal effect on abundance of anaerobes and community composition, with both culture and molecular detection methods required for comprehensive characterisation of the microbial community in the @entity1577 lung. Further studies are required to determine the clinical significance of and optimal treatment for these newly identified bacteria.

title: Use of culture and molecular analysis to determine the effect of antibiotic treatment on microbial community diversity and abundance during exacerbation in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['B cepacia', 'Burkholderia cepacia']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis (CF) pulmonary infection']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anaerobic bacteria are increasingly regarded as important in @entity3794 . The aim of this study was to determine the effect of antibiotic treatment on aerobic and anaerobic microbial community diversity and abundance during exacerbations in @entity1 with @entity1577 . METHODS: Sputum was collected at the start and completion of antibiotic treatment of exacerbations and when clinically stable. Bacteria were quantified and identified following culture, and community composition was also examined using culture-independent methods. RESULTS: @entity796 or @entity6402 complex were detected by culture in 24/26 samples at the start of treatment, 22/26 samples at completion of treatment and 11/13 stable samples. Anaerobic bacteria were detected in all start of treatment and stable samples and in 23/26 completion of treatment samples. Molecular analysis showed greater bacterial diversity within sputum samples than was detected by culture; there was reasonably good agreement between the methods for the presence or absence of aerobic bacteria such as @entity796 (k=0.74) and @entity6402 complex (k=0.92), but agreement was poorer for anaerobes. Both methods showed that the composition of the bacterial community varied between @entity1 but remained relatively stable in most individuals despite treatment. Bacterial abundance decreased transiently following treatment, with this effect more evident for aerobes (median decrease in total viable count 2.3 10(7) cfu/g, p=0.005) than for anaerobes (median decrease in total viable count 3 10(6) cfu/g, p=0.046). CONCLUSION: Antibiotic treatment targeted against aerobes had a minimal effect on abundance of anaerobes and community composition, with both culture and molecular detection methods required for comprehensive characterisation of the microbial community in the @entity1577 lung. Further studies are required to determine the clinical significance of and optimal treatment for these newly identified bacteria.

title: Use of culture and molecular analysis to determine the effect of antibiotic treatment on microbial community diversity and abundance during exacerbation in XXXX with @entity1577 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Protein, or @entity551 ( @entity551 ) is of sufficient magnitude to exert a powerful effect on Starling forces across the capillary wall. Although avian skin lacks active mechanisms for fluid transmission, such as sweating, it is now hypothesized that passive oncotic forces may regulate fluid flow and distribution in the skin and related phenomena. In this study, serum protein profiles, as well as @entity551 in serum ( @entity551 (s)) and in suction blister fluid ( @entity551 (sbf)), were determined in juvenile, young and adult female and male @entity1573 . For assessing @entity551 , the Ott-Ahlqvist equation was applied. This equation can formulate the effects of multiple serum proteins on @entity551 , according to their molecular mass. The @entity551 values determined in @entity1573 were lower than those previously found in mammals. @entity551 (s) increased with age in males, and was higher in adult males than in adult females. In contrast, @entity551 (sbf) decreased with age in females, although it was better preserved in adult males. The age-dependent decrease in @entity551 was associated with a parallel decrease in the concentration of a(1)-globulin and albumin, and a positive correlation between packed cell volume ( @entity1485 ) and @entity551 was found. It is concluded that ageing affects Ott's @entity551 around the vessel wall, and that an oncotic mechanism preserves plasma volume. The preservation of @entity551 (sbf) in males suggests better maintenance of the interstitial ground substance. Females seem to lose more of a tissue's @entity551 (s) counteracting force than males, probably as a result of gender-specific changes in the composition of the interstitial matrix. Further studies are required to elucidate the structure and function of avian lymphatics and their role in skin rheology.

title: Ott's protein osmotic pressure of serum and interstitial fluid in XXXX ( @entity1573 ): effect of age and gender.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['colloid, osmotic pressure', 'COP']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: Protein, or @entity551 ( @entity551 ) is of sufficient magnitude to exert a powerful effect on Starling forces across the capillary wall. Although avian skin lacks active mechanisms for fluid transmission, such as sweating, it is now hypothesized that passive oncotic forces may regulate fluid flow and distribution in the skin and related phenomena. In this study, serum protein profiles, as well as @entity551 in serum ( @entity551 (s)) and in suction blister fluid ( @entity551 (sbf)), were determined in juvenile, young and adult female and male @entity1573 . For assessing @entity551 , the Ott-Ahlqvist equation was applied. This equation can formulate the effects of multiple serum proteins on @entity551 , according to their molecular mass. The @entity551 values determined in @entity1573 were lower than those previously found in mammals. @entity551 (s) increased with age in males, and was higher in adult males than in adult females. In contrast, @entity551 (sbf) decreased with age in females, although it was better preserved in adult males. The age-dependent decrease in @entity551 was associated with a parallel decrease in the concentration of a(1)-globulin and albumin, and a positive correlation between packed cell volume ( @entity1485 ) and @entity551 was found. It is concluded that ageing affects Ott's @entity551 around the vessel wall, and that an oncotic mechanism preserves plasma volume. The preservation of @entity551 (sbf) in males suggests better maintenance of the interstitial ground substance. Females seem to lose more of a tissue's @entity551 (s) counteracting force than males, probably as a result of gender-specific changes in the composition of the interstitial matrix. Further studies are required to elucidate the structure and function of avian lymphatics and their role in skin rheology.

title: Ott's protein osmotic pressure of serum and interstitial fluid in @entity1573 ( XXXX ): effect of age and gender.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['Gallus gallus']


abstract: The NO-derivative of the @entity645 protease inhibitor @entity485 ( @entity65340 ) is a nontoxic variant of the parental drug with enhanced anticancer activity on several cell lines. However, it is still unclear whether the @entity876 status of the target cell might influence the sensitivity to @entity65340 . In this study we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of @entity65340 on the @entity876 - @entity263 PC-3 cells. We demonstrate that the absence of functional @entity876 is not essential for the capacity of @entity65340 to reduce @entity263 cell growth. In contrast to its previously described cytostatic action in B16 and C6 cell lines, @entity65340 exerted cytotoxic effects in PC-3 cells leading to dominant induction of apoptosis and enhanced production of proapoptotic Bim. In addition, differently from @entity485 , @entity65340 restored @entity2205 sensitivity that was correlated with increased expression of @entity3049 independent from ROS/RNS production and @entity19767 repression. NF-kB activation may be responsible of the @entity65340 induced @entity3049 expression. Moreover, @entity65340 but not @entity485 , exerted synergistic activity with conventional cytostatic therapy. In agreement with these in vitro studies, @entity65340 inhibited the in vivo growth of PC-3 cells xenotransplants to a greater extent than the parental compound. Taken together, these data indicate that @entity65340 possesses powerful and suitable in vitro and in vivo chemotherapeutic potential to be further studied as a novel drug for the treatment of @entity263 in the clinical setting.

title: In vitro and in vivo anticancer action of @entity485 -NO, a novel nitric oxide-derivative of the protease inhibitor @entity485 , on hormone resistant XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['deficient hormone resistant prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity485 :: ('MESH:D019258', 'Chemical') :: ['saquinavir']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The NO-derivative of the @entity645 protease inhibitor @entity485 ( @entity65340 ) is a nontoxic variant of the parental drug with enhanced anticancer activity on several cell lines. However, it is still unclear whether the @entity876 status of the target cell might influence the sensitivity to @entity65340 . In this study we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of @entity65340 on the @entity876 - @entity263 PC-3 cells. We demonstrate that the absence of functional @entity876 is not essential for the capacity of @entity65340 to reduce @entity263 cell growth. In contrast to its previously described cytostatic action in B16 and C6 cell lines, @entity65340 exerted cytotoxic effects in PC-3 cells leading to dominant induction of apoptosis and enhanced production of proapoptotic Bim. In addition, differently from @entity485 , @entity65340 restored @entity2205 sensitivity that was correlated with increased expression of @entity3049 independent from ROS/RNS production and @entity19767 repression. NF-kB activation may be responsible of the @entity65340 induced @entity3049 expression. Moreover, @entity65340 but not @entity485 , exerted synergistic activity with conventional cytostatic therapy. In agreement with these in vitro studies, @entity65340 inhibited the in vivo growth of PC-3 cells xenotransplants to a greater extent than the parental compound. Taken together, these data indicate that @entity65340 possesses powerful and suitable in vitro and in vivo chemotherapeutic potential to be further studied as a novel drug for the treatment of @entity263 in the clinical setting.

title: In vitro and in vivo anticancer action of XXXX -NO, a novel nitric oxide-derivative of the protease inhibitor @entity485 , on hormone resistant @entity263 cells.

answer: @entity485 :: (MESH:D019258,Chemical) :: ['Saquinavir']


abstract: The NO-derivative of the @entity645 protease inhibitor @entity485 ( @entity65340 ) is a nontoxic variant of the parental drug with enhanced anticancer activity on several cell lines. However, it is still unclear whether the @entity876 status of the target cell might influence the sensitivity to @entity65340 . In this study we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of @entity65340 on the @entity876 - @entity263 PC-3 cells. We demonstrate that the absence of functional @entity876 is not essential for the capacity of @entity65340 to reduce @entity263 cell growth. In contrast to its previously described cytostatic action in B16 and C6 cell lines, @entity65340 exerted cytotoxic effects in PC-3 cells leading to dominant induction of apoptosis and enhanced production of proapoptotic Bim. In addition, differently from @entity485 , @entity65340 restored @entity2205 sensitivity that was correlated with increased expression of @entity3049 independent from ROS/RNS production and @entity19767 repression. NF-kB activation may be responsible of the @entity65340 induced @entity3049 expression. Moreover, @entity65340 but not @entity485 , exerted synergistic activity with conventional cytostatic therapy. In agreement with these in vitro studies, @entity65340 inhibited the in vivo growth of PC-3 cells xenotransplants to a greater extent than the parental compound. Taken together, these data indicate that @entity65340 possesses powerful and suitable in vitro and in vivo chemotherapeutic potential to be further studied as a novel drug for the treatment of @entity263 in the clinical setting.

title: In vitro and in vivo anticancer action of @entity485 -NO, a novel nitric oxide-derivative of the protease inhibitor XXXX , on hormone resistant @entity263 cells.

answer: @entity485 :: (MESH:D019258,Chemical) :: ['saquinavir']


abstract: Importance of risk factors as @entity101 , hyperlipidaemia, @entity6 and cigarette smoking because of hemodynamic and complication during @entity583 and influence of live quality during the first year after @entity583 was pointed out in this study. No risk factor was found in 12.1% out of 248 @entity1 . 25.8% had one, 33.5% two, 12.9% three and 3.2% four risk factors. If only one risk factor for @entity301 was documented, 35.9% showed cigarette smoking. If there were two risk factors, most of the @entity1 had @entity6 and @entity101 , and the combination @entity6 , hyperlipidaemia and cigarette smoking was favourite if there were three risk factors present. The mean age of all @entity1 was 65.9 +/- 10.8 years. @entity1 who smoked or had hyperlipidaemia were statistically significantly younger (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between number of risk factors or kind of it and pulse frequence, cardiac index, pulmonary artery pressure and third heart sound during phase of @entity583 . Also no correlation was found between the risk factors @entity101 , @entity6 and cigarette smoking and rhythm disturbance of reinfarction. @entity1 with normal lipids had significant more bradycard or tachycard rhythm disturbances as @entity1 with hyperlipidaemia (p < 0.05). @entity1 without @entity6 or @entity101 had better bicycle tests than @entity1 with this risk factors (p < 0.01). 92% of @entity101 @entity1 had regular drug medication; 14.1% of smoking @entity1 continued smoking cigarettes after @entity583 . Only 62.1% of @entity6 @entity1 , 54.1% of hyperlipidaemic @entity1 and 40% of overweight @entity1 kept diet. Because of this bad quality of @entity1 compliance there was no exact information possible in predicting value of secondary preventive measurements after @entity583 .

title: [Importance of risk factors in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: A report is given on long-term results after the removal of spinal mengiomas and @entity808 . A total of 150 @entity1 with @entity1653 and 80 @entity1 with spinal @entity808 were operated on within a period of 25 years at the Neurosurgical Clinic in the Division Medicine of the Karl-Marx-University Leipzig. The primary results of the operations are secertained by a comparison of the preand portoperative ability to walk. Improvements were found in one third of all @entity1 after @entity1653 operations and in more than ten per cent of the @entity1 after removal of a @entity808 . The long-term rests were ascertained by means of questioning all @entity1 that could be contracted after 2 to 25 years, sending them a questionaire in the form of a reply card. The number of @entity1 who had become able to walk had doubles as compared with the condition before the operation: 56 per cent of all @entity1 after @entity1653 operations and 64 per cent of all @entity1 after removal of a spinal @entity808 . The long-term results have not been mainly influenced by the age of the @entity1 and by the duration of the anamnesis. The greatest threat for @entity1 with @entity5 are the misjudging of the disease and a certain loss of time when @entity912 was threatening. The prognosis in operations for relapses was considerably worse. So radical surgery in the first intervention must be attached the greatest importance. A tendency to infiltrations in case of @entity1653 , especially in juvenile @entity1 , and the overlooking of the smallest parts of extradural @entity5 in case of @entity2950 are frequent causes of the development of relapses and should be taken into account when carrying out the first ingervention.

title: [Follow-up study of XXXX of the spine].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinoma', 'neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'benign spinal tumours']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['benign tumors']


abstract: The clinical features, histology and follow-up of lymph node @entity3252 are presented in the light of 237 histologically and serologically verified cases. @entity1600 is a disease with mild symptoms, and in most @entity1 the enlarged lymph nodes were the only sign. Three fourths of the @entity1 were @entity1 and the majority were under 40 years of age. The clinical picture was not specific, but suggestive features included a relatively short history, presence of the nodes in the neck and relative @entity1503 . Histological changes in the lymph nodes were characteristic. The most important features were strong hyperplasia but preserved general structure with small groups of epithelioid cells both in the paracortical area and in the germinal centers. Strands of monocytoid cells were usually found. 80% of the cases with typical histology also had high antibody titers, and in more than 85% of the cases with high antibodies, the lymph nodes presented a typical @entity3252 . The follow-up revealed that @entity1600 . The follow-up revealed that @entity1600 is a disease without complications, nor is there any connection with @entity706 .

title: XXXX . Follow-up of 237 histologically diagnosed and serologically verified cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Lymph node toxoplasmosis', 'lymph node toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytosis in peripheral blood']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis', 'picture of toxoplasmosis']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['Lymph node toxoplasmosis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity6675 experience delayed intestinal motility and absorption for several weeks after birth. This @entity1944 is believed to occur primarily in the third trimester and to be largely caused by the prolonged exposure of the intestine to amniotic fluid. Previous studies have shown that prenatal @entity134 administration will enhance mucosal disaccharidase activity and nutrient uptake. The present study evaluates the effects of @entity619 on intestinal function in a @entity95 fetal @entity6675 model. Thirty-four fetuses from 10 New Zealand white @entity95 were divided into three groups: (1) @entity6675 group (GSC, n = 10), @entity6675 was created on gestational day (GD) 24 (term = 31 to 33 days); (2) @entity619 group ( @entity24575 , n = 10), after the creation of @entity6675 , a small osmotic pump was placed into the @entity95 doe for @entity619 infusion into the fetal amniotic cavity for 7 days (0.2 microgram/g/d); (3) normal group (NF, n = 10), unoperated littermates from the GSC group. There were no maternal deaths, and fetal survival rate was 85%. The fetal small intestinal disaccharidase enzyme, @entity23252 (UE/g protein), was markedly decreased in GSC fetuses. It was increased 70% in the @entity24575 group but lower than in normal fetuses (GSC = 10.0 +/- 1.6; @entity24575 = 17.3 +/- 1.6 [ @entity24575 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 48.0 +/- 6.7). Maltase activity in the @entity24575 group was significantly increased (GSC = 7.2 +/- 1.1; @entity24575 = 13.9 +/- 1.8 [ @entity24575 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 12.2 +/- 1.3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of intraamniotic @entity619 administration on intestinal absorption in a @entity95 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['gastroschisis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity6675 experience delayed intestinal motility and absorption for several weeks after birth. This @entity1944 is believed to occur primarily in the third trimester and to be largely caused by the prolonged exposure of the intestine to amniotic fluid. Previous studies have shown that prenatal @entity134 administration will enhance mucosal disaccharidase activity and nutrient uptake. The present study evaluates the effects of @entity619 on intestinal function in a @entity95 fetal @entity6675 model. Thirty-four fetuses from 10 New Zealand white @entity95 were divided into three groups: (1) @entity6675 group (GSC, n = 10), @entity6675 was created on gestational day (GD) 24 (term = 31 to 33 days); (2) @entity619 group ( @entity24575 , n = 10), after the creation of @entity6675 , a small osmotic pump was placed into the @entity95 doe for @entity619 infusion into the fetal amniotic cavity for 7 days (0.2 microgram/g/d); (3) normal group (NF, n = 10), unoperated littermates from the GSC group. There were no maternal deaths, and fetal survival rate was 85%. The fetal small intestinal disaccharidase enzyme, @entity23252 (UE/g protein), was markedly decreased in GSC fetuses. It was increased 70% in the @entity24575 group but lower than in normal fetuses (GSC = 10.0 +/- 1.6; @entity24575 = 17.3 +/- 1.6 [ @entity24575 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 48.0 +/- 6.7). Maltase activity in the @entity24575 group was significantly increased (GSC = 7.2 +/- 1.1; @entity24575 = 13.9 +/- 1.8 [ @entity24575 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 12.2 +/- 1.3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of intraamniotic XXXX administration on intestinal absorption in a @entity95 @entity6675 model.

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity6675 experience delayed intestinal motility and absorption for several weeks after birth. This @entity1944 is believed to occur primarily in the third trimester and to be largely caused by the prolonged exposure of the intestine to amniotic fluid. Previous studies have shown that prenatal @entity134 administration will enhance mucosal disaccharidase activity and nutrient uptake. The present study evaluates the effects of @entity619 on intestinal function in a @entity95 fetal @entity6675 model. Thirty-four fetuses from 10 New Zealand white @entity95 were divided into three groups: (1) @entity6675 group (GSC, n = 10), @entity6675 was created on gestational day (GD) 24 (term = 31 to 33 days); (2) @entity619 group ( @entity24575 , n = 10), after the creation of @entity6675 , a small osmotic pump was placed into the @entity95 doe for @entity619 infusion into the fetal amniotic cavity for 7 days (0.2 microgram/g/d); (3) normal group (NF, n = 10), unoperated littermates from the GSC group. There were no maternal deaths, and fetal survival rate was 85%. The fetal small intestinal disaccharidase enzyme, @entity23252 (UE/g protein), was markedly decreased in GSC fetuses. It was increased 70% in the @entity24575 group but lower than in normal fetuses (GSC = 10.0 +/- 1.6; @entity24575 = 17.3 +/- 1.6 [ @entity24575 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 48.0 +/- 6.7). Maltase activity in the @entity24575 group was significantly increased (GSC = 7.2 +/- 1.1; @entity24575 = 13.9 +/- 1.8 [ @entity24575 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 12.2 +/- 1.3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of intraamniotic @entity619 administration on intestinal absorption in a XXXX @entity6675 model.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: In conjunction with the Neonatology Department at Loma Linda University @entity1 's Hospital, a new protocol has evolved for the management of @entity1 with @entity6675 , which obviates both risks associated with primary and staged silo closure. After stabilization of the @entity1 in the neonatal intensive care unit, under sterile conditions, a 5- or 7-cm SILASTIC silo with a spring-loaded ring is placed over the exposed viscera, under the @entity4438 . No sutures are required. A @entity3575 drip is given, and the bowel is gradually reduced over the next few days. The transparent material of the silo allows for continuous monitoring of the condition of the bowel. Second-stage closure in the operating room is performed using a purse-string suture in the fascia to create a pseudoumbilicus. From October 1992 to April 1994 the authors managed 10 @entity1 using this protocol. The results are compared with those of @entity1 with @entity6675 treated at the same institution between August 1982 and June 1993. Outcome parameters to be compared include time until closure, time on ventilation, days of total parenteral nutrition, time until start of oral feeding, time until toleration of full-volume oral feeding, and time until discharge. The authors conclude that silo closure in the neonatal intensive care unit is simple, quick, and effective. It eliminates multiple trips to the operating room, allows the natural accommodation of the bowel into the abdominal cavity with @entity4 and minimal vascular compromise, and has become the authors' treatment of choice for @entity1 with @entity6675 .

title: XXXX : a simple technique for staged silo closure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial defect']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['little edema']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['Gastroschisis']


abstract: 1. Three mutations at the same site in the inactivation gate of the alpha-subunit of the @entity1 muscle @entity4024 channel, @entity46840 , @entity52009 and @entity57960 , cause three phenotypes of @entity3529 -aggravated @entity8525 : @entity46840 as the most severe and @entity57960 as the most benign form. 2. Recombinant wildtype (WT) and mutant ( @entity46840 , @entity52009 and @entity57960 ) @entity1 @entity4024 + channels were expressed in @entity1 embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). @entity46840 and @entity52009 channels showed a distinct increase in the time constants of inactivation (tau @entity7285 ) and in the ratios of steady-state to peak currents (Iss/Ipeak) (e.g. at 0 mV, @entity46840 vs. WT; tau h1, 1.29 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.01 ms; Iss/Ipeak, 2.90 +/- 0.40 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.19%). @entity57960 channels showed only an increase in tau h1 (0.74 +/- 0.07 ms). For @entity46840 and @entity52009 channels, the steady-state inactivation curves, as well as the voltage dependence of the rate of recovery from inactivation, were shifted by +15 mV. For @entity57960 the h infinity curve was shifted by only +5 mV. 3. @entity46840 and @entity52009 channels showed prolonged current rise times and later first openings suggesting slowing of activation. For @entity46840 channels only, the steady-state activation curve was shifted by -7 mV. For all mutants the deactivation time constants were increased. 4. We conclude that (i) the combination of alterations in inactivation and activation produces the slowing of the current decay, (ii) the slowed inactivation is most responsible for @entity8525 , and (iii) the shift of the steady-state activation curve, seen only with @entity46840 channels, may explain the severity of this phenotype. 5. The results suggest that two of the mutations in the Na+ channel inactivation gate also alter channel activation and deactivation.

title: Different effects on gating of three XXXX -causing mutations in the inactivation gate of the @entity1 muscle sodium channel.

answer: @entity8525 :: (MESH:D009222,Disease) :: ['myotonia']


abstract: 1. Three mutations at the same site in the inactivation gate of the alpha-subunit of the @entity1 muscle @entity4024 channel, @entity46840 , @entity52009 and @entity57960 , cause three phenotypes of @entity3529 -aggravated @entity8525 : @entity46840 as the most severe and @entity57960 as the most benign form. 2. Recombinant wildtype (WT) and mutant ( @entity46840 , @entity52009 and @entity57960 ) @entity1 @entity4024 + channels were expressed in @entity1 embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). @entity46840 and @entity52009 channels showed a distinct increase in the time constants of inactivation (tau @entity7285 ) and in the ratios of steady-state to peak currents (Iss/Ipeak) (e.g. at 0 mV, @entity46840 vs. WT; tau h1, 1.29 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.01 ms; Iss/Ipeak, 2.90 +/- 0.40 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.19%). @entity57960 channels showed only an increase in tau h1 (0.74 +/- 0.07 ms). For @entity46840 and @entity52009 channels, the steady-state inactivation curves, as well as the voltage dependence of the rate of recovery from inactivation, were shifted by +15 mV. For @entity57960 the h infinity curve was shifted by only +5 mV. 3. @entity46840 and @entity52009 channels showed prolonged current rise times and later first openings suggesting slowing of activation. For @entity46840 channels only, the steady-state activation curve was shifted by -7 mV. For all mutants the deactivation time constants were increased. 4. We conclude that (i) the combination of alterations in inactivation and activation produces the slowing of the current decay, (ii) the slowed inactivation is most responsible for @entity8525 , and (iii) the shift of the steady-state activation curve, seen only with @entity46840 channels, may explain the severity of this phenotype. 5. The results suggest that two of the mutations in the Na+ channel inactivation gate also alter channel activation and deactivation.

title: Different effects on gating of three @entity8525 -causing mutations in the inactivation gate of the XXXX muscle sodium channel.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To assess the advantages of syst  matic herniography in cases of @entity169 in @entity1 . METHOD: Decision analysis presented in the first part of this article was used. A preliminary retrospective study of 348 cases as well as a literature review were utilized to determine the probabilities required in order to create and run the decision aid algorithm. Gonadic benefit was used as the health indicator. RESULTS: For males, gonadic benefit procured by the herniography depends on the risk of strangulation in cases of groin @entity547 and on the frequency of @entity194 after inguinal hernioplasty. The evaluation of these two elements largely determines the choice of medical and surgical practices. For a 0.44% risk of post-operative @entity194 and a risk of strangulated @entity547 estimated at 20%, the cost-effectiveness ratio is FF, 199681 to save a testicle. One testicle is saved every 455 herniographies, with 24 possible post-examination complications. For female, herniography provides no gonadic benefit. DISCUSSION: Decision analysis permits the quantification of results, leading to improved clinical judgement and facilitating the evaluation of medical practice.

title: [Unilateral inguinal XXXX in @entity1 : costs, risks and benefits of herniography? Results].

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: AIM: To assess the advantages of syst  matic herniography in cases of @entity169 in @entity1 . METHOD: Decision analysis presented in the first part of this article was used. A preliminary retrospective study of 348 cases as well as a literature review were utilized to determine the probabilities required in order to create and run the decision aid algorithm. Gonadic benefit was used as the health indicator. RESULTS: For males, gonadic benefit procured by the herniography depends on the risk of strangulation in cases of groin @entity547 and on the frequency of @entity194 after inguinal hernioplasty. The evaluation of these two elements largely determines the choice of medical and surgical practices. For a 0.44% risk of post-operative @entity194 and a risk of strangulated @entity547 estimated at 20%, the cost-effectiveness ratio is FF, 199681 to save a testicle. One testicle is saved every 455 herniographies, with 24 possible post-examination complications. For female, herniography provides no gonadic benefit. DISCUSSION: Decision analysis permits the quantification of results, leading to improved clinical judgement and facilitating the evaluation of medical practice.

title: [Unilateral inguinal @entity547 in XXXX : costs, risks and benefits of herniography? Results].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']