abstract: PURPOSE: To determine changes in the bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF) in @entity28 after dietary intervention in comparison with changes in abdominal fat, liver fat, and serum lipids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity28 (BMI 34.92        3.8 kg/m(2) ) @entity1 participated in a 4-week dietary intervention of 800 kcal/d plus additional vegetables. They underwent anthropometric and blood value measurements before and after the intervention. Abdominal 3T MRI was performed to measure changes in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure fat content changes in the liver and L5 vertebral body. RESULTS: The greatest relative change after dietary intervention was found in the liver (-40.3%), followed by VAT volume (-15.1%), serum lipids (-12.6 to -14.5%), and @entity1386 volume (-8.5%). There were no statistically significant changes in BMFF after dietary intervention (P   =   0.39), but absolute changes in the BMFF were positively associated with @entity1386 volume (r   =   0.489) and negatively associated with nonadipose tissue volume (r   =   -0.493) before dietary intervention. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow behaves differently compared to @entity1386 volume, VAT volume, liver fat, and serum lipids after a 4-week dietary intervention in @entity28 and BMFF changes depend on abdominal tissue volumes before intervention. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: MR-detected changes in liver fat, abdominal fat, and vertebral bone marrow fat after a four-week calorie restriction in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'SAT']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine changes in the bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF) in @entity28 after dietary intervention in comparison with changes in abdominal fat, liver fat, and serum lipids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity28 (BMI 34.92        3.8 kg/m(2) ) @entity1 participated in a 4-week dietary intervention of 800 kcal/d plus additional vegetables. They underwent anthropometric and blood value measurements before and after the intervention. Abdominal 3T MRI was performed to measure changes in @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure fat content changes in the liver and L5 vertebral body. RESULTS: The greatest relative change after dietary intervention was found in the liver (-40.3%), followed by VAT volume (-15.1%), serum lipids (-12.6 to -14.5%), and @entity1386 volume (-8.5%). There were no statistically significant changes in BMFF after dietary intervention (P   =   0.39), but absolute changes in the BMFF were positively associated with @entity1386 volume (r   =   0.489) and negatively associated with nonadipose tissue volume (r   =   -0.493) before dietary intervention. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow behaves differently compared to @entity1386 volume, VAT volume, liver fat, and serum lipids after a 4-week dietary intervention in @entity28 and BMFF changes depend on abdominal tissue volumes before intervention. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: MR-detected changes in liver fat, abdominal fat, and vertebral bone marrow fat after a four-week calorie restriction in @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The effect of chronic hyperestrogenism on gonadal function was studied in three @entity1 who had @entity172 -secreting Leydig cell tumors before unilateral orchidectomy and for 11-43 months after surgery. All three @entity1 had low plasma gonadotropin and @entity251 levels and increased @entity53 levels. Impairment of testicular steroidogenesis was also suggested by increased @entity1420 to @entity4418 and @entity4418 to @entity2671 ratios in both spermatic venous plasma and the medium of Leydig @entity5 cells from one @entity1 incubated in vitro. Before surgery, spermatogenesis was abnormal in two @entity1 . Testicular endocrine function and spermatogenesis did not return to normal after surgery. During the follow-up period, plasma gonadotropin levels were high in all three @entity1 , and @entity251 was low normal. @entity53 levels decreased to normal immediately after surgery and then returned to the upper normal limit. The response to hCG stimulation in one @entity1 was subnormal. We conclude that chronic hyperestrogenism produced hypothalamo-pituitary inhibition as well as direct steroidogenic blockade at the testicular level. Long term impairment of both endocrine and exocrine testicular functions may be secondary to slowly reversible (or irreversible) @entity172 -induced damage to tubular and Leydig cells.

title: Feminizing testicular Leydig cell XXXX : hormonal profile before and after unilateral orchidectomy.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4418 :: ('MESH:D019326', 'Chemical') :: ['17-hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Peripheral blood and bone marrow were studied in 21 @entity1 with disseminated untreated @entity5 in an attempt to define abnormalities of erythropoiesis associated with the development of @entity417 . Haemoglobin concentration at or below 13 g/dl was present in 13 cases. Marrow morphology was normal in all cases except one, in which small numbers of @entity5 cells were found. Clonal assay of erythroid progenitors showed a significant decrease in the number of BFU-E (p = 0.03) and CFU-E (p = 0.01) compared with cultures from normal marrow (12 subjects). The growth of granulocyte and macrophage progenitors (GM-CFCs) was similar in @entity1 with @entity5 and normal subjects. When normal marrow was incubated in the presence of serum from @entity5 @entity1 , no inhibitory factors could be detected either for BFU-E or CFU-E growth. In all @entity1 circulating T8 numbers were significantly raised (p = 0.0002). Consequently, the median T4:T8 ratio in blood was 1.2, and this was significantly lower than the ratio of 1.7 found in 20 normal subjects (p = 0.036). In 18 @entity1 the bone marrow T4:T8 ratio of 1.1 was significantly lower than the ratio of 2.9 found in seven normal subjects (p = 0.04). Total blood white cell counts, neutrophils, and monocyte numbers were also increased (p = 0.0001; p = 0.0001; p = 0.002).

title: Reduced in vitro erythroid progenitor cell growth in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bronchial cancer']


abstract: @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ) describes the transfer of immune stimulation to the next generation. As stress and immunity are closely connected, we here address the question whether trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance can also be elicited by a nonpathogen stress treatment of parents. General stressors have been shown to induce immunity to pathogens within individuals. However, to our knowledge, it is as of yet unknown whether stress can also induce trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance. We exposed a parental generation (mothers, fathers, or both parents) of the @entity5399 @entity5399 , a species where @entity1200 has been previously been demonstrated, to either a brief heat or @entity1457 and examined offspring survival after @entity2348 with the entomopathogen @entity11137 . We also studied phenoloxidase activity, a key enzyme of the insect innate immune system that has previously been demonstrated to be up-regulated upon @entity1200 . We quantified parental fecundity and offspring developmental time to evaluate whether trans-generational priming might have costs. Offspring resistance was found to be significantly increased when both parents received a @entity1457 . Offspring phenoloxidase activity was also higher when mothers or both parents were cold-shocked. By contrast, parental @entity1457 reduced offspring phenoloxidase activity. Moreover, parental cold or @entity1457 delayed offspring development. In sum, we conclude that trans-generational priming for resistance could not only be elicited by pathogens or pathogen-derived components, but also by more general cues that are indicative of a stressful environment. The interaction between stress responses and the immune system might play an important role also for trans-generational effects.

title: A temperature shock can lead to trans-generational immune priming in the XXXX , @entity5399 .

entities_list: @entity5399 :: ('7070', 'Species') :: ['red flour beetle', 'Tribolium castaneum']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['cold shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['Trans-generational immune priming', 'TGIP']

answer: @entity5399 :: (7070,Species) :: ['Red Flour Beetle']


abstract: @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ) describes the transfer of immune stimulation to the next generation. As stress and immunity are closely connected, we here address the question whether trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance can also be elicited by a nonpathogen stress treatment of parents. General stressors have been shown to induce immunity to pathogens within individuals. However, to our knowledge, it is as of yet unknown whether stress can also induce trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance. We exposed a parental generation (mothers, fathers, or both parents) of the @entity5399 @entity5399 , a species where @entity1200 has been previously been demonstrated, to either a brief heat or @entity1457 and examined offspring survival after @entity2348 with the entomopathogen @entity11137 . We also studied phenoloxidase activity, a key enzyme of the insect innate immune system that has previously been demonstrated to be up-regulated upon @entity1200 . We quantified parental fecundity and offspring developmental time to evaluate whether trans-generational priming might have costs. Offspring resistance was found to be significantly increased when both parents received a @entity1457 . Offspring phenoloxidase activity was also higher when mothers or both parents were cold-shocked. By contrast, parental @entity1457 reduced offspring phenoloxidase activity. Moreover, parental cold or @entity1457 delayed offspring development. In sum, we conclude that trans-generational priming for resistance could not only be elicited by pathogens or pathogen-derived components, but also by more general cues that are indicative of a stressful environment. The interaction between stress responses and the immune system might play an important role also for trans-generational effects.

title: A temperature shock can lead to trans-generational immune priming in the @entity5399 , XXXX .

answer: @entity5399 :: (7070,Species) :: ['Tribolium castaneum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 undergoing chronic hemodialysis are at risk of @entity65 and often develop @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ). Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is known to better predict @entity65 than casual blood pressure (BP) measurement. Given the BP variability attributed to interdialytic fluid overload, 44-h ABPM should @entity65 in pediatric hemodialysis @entity1 . METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 17 @entity1 (16.7    2.9 years) on chronic hemodialysis underwent 44-h interdialytic ABPM and routine echocardiogram. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated by height-based equation; @entity4346 was defined as an LVMI in the >= 95th percentile for height-age and gender. @entity101 was defined by the recommendations of the Fourth Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program for casual measurements, and by those of the American Heart Association for ABPM. RESULTS: Twenty-four percentage of @entity1 were @entity101 by casual post-dialytic systolic BP, whereas 59% were @entity101 by ABPM. Eighty-eight percentage of @entity1 had abnormal cardiac geometry: 53% had @entity4346 . Thirty-five percentage (6 of 17) had masked @entity101 , including four with abnormal cardiac geometry, of which, three had @entity4346 . LVMI correlated with ABPM, but not with casual measurements. Strongest correlations with an increased LVMI were with 44-h diastolic BP: at night (r = 0.53, P = 0.03) and total load (r = 0.57, P = 0.02). @entity4346 was similarly associated with 44-h nighttime BP: systolic (P = 0.02), diastolic (P = 0.01) and mean arterial (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Casual BP measurement underestimates @entity101 in pediatric hemodialysis @entity1 and does not correlate well with indicators of @entity65 . In contrast, 44-h interdialytic ABPM better characterizes @entity101 , with nighttime parameters most strongly predicting increased LVMI and @entity4346 .

title: Forty-four-hour interdialytic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and cardiovascular risk in pediatric hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'better delineate cardiovascular morbidity', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the caries risk based on the salivary levels of @entity6586 in @entity1 of 6-12 years of age group before and after consuming probiotic ice-cream containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and @entity9206 La-5. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double blind, placebo controlled trial was carried out in 60 @entity1 aged between 6 to 12 years with zero decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT). They were randomly divided into two equal groups. Saliva sample were collected before the consumption of ice-cream and @entity6586 count was calculated and recorded as baseline data. For the next seven days both the groups were given ice creams marked as A and B. Saliva samples were collected after ice-cream consumption at the end of study period and also after a washout period of 30 days and again after six months. Samples were inoculated and colonies were counted. RESULTS: On statistical evaluation by students paired t-test, probiotic ice-cream brought significant reduction in the @entity6586 count after seven days of ice-cream ingestion (p<0.001) and also after 30 d of washout period (p<0.001). There was no significant reduction (p=0.076) by normal ice-cream consumption. After six months of the study period in both the groups the salivary levels of @entity6586 was similar to the baseline. CONCLUSION: Probiotic ice-cream containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and @entity9206 La-5 can cause reduction in caries causative organism. The dosage of the probiotic organisms for the long term or synergetic effect on the oral health are still needed to be explored.

title: Effect of Probiotic Containing Ice-cream on Salivary Mutans Streptococci (SMS) Levels in XXXX of 6-12 Years of Age: A Randomized Controlled Double Blind Study with Six-months Follow Up.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['streptococcus mutans', 'Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity2213 (IM) in the treatment of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) remains the best example of successful targeted therapy, majority of @entity1 with @entity1860 suffer its @entity137 profile and develop chemoresistance to existing therapeutic agents. Thus, there is a need to develop novel alternative therapies for the treatment of @entity1860 . Here, we investigated whether Korean red @entity9052 extract (KRGE) could suppress the proliferation and induce chemosensitization in @entity1 @entity1860 cells. Also, we used a human phospho-antibody array containing 46 antibodies against signaling molecules to examine a subset of phosphorylation events after treatment. Korean red @entity9052 extract broadly suppressed the proliferation of five different cell lines, but KRGE was found to be the most potent inducer of apoptosis against KBM-5 cells. It also abrogated the expression of Bcl-2 ( @entity1892 2), Bcl-xL ( @entity1892 -extra large), survivin, inhibitors of apoptosis protein 1/2, COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2), cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor), as well as upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic gene products. Interestingly, KRGE also enhanced the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of IM in KBM-5 cells. The combination treatment of KRGE and IM caused pronounced suppression of p38 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation and induced phosphorylation of p53 compared with the individual treatment. Our results demonstrate that KRGE can enhance the anticancer activity of IM and may have a substantial potential in the treatment of @entity1860 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Korean Red XXXX Extract Enhances the Anticancer Effects of @entity2213 Mesylate Through Abrogation p38 and STAT5 Activation in KBM-5 Cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['Ginseng']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity2213 (IM) in the treatment of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) remains the best example of successful targeted therapy, majority of @entity1 with @entity1860 suffer its @entity137 profile and develop chemoresistance to existing therapeutic agents. Thus, there is a need to develop novel alternative therapies for the treatment of @entity1860 . Here, we investigated whether Korean red @entity9052 extract (KRGE) could suppress the proliferation and induce chemosensitization in @entity1 @entity1860 cells. Also, we used a human phospho-antibody array containing 46 antibodies against signaling molecules to examine a subset of phosphorylation events after treatment. Korean red @entity9052 extract broadly suppressed the proliferation of five different cell lines, but KRGE was found to be the most potent inducer of apoptosis against KBM-5 cells. It also abrogated the expression of Bcl-2 ( @entity1892 2), Bcl-xL ( @entity1892 -extra large), survivin, inhibitors of apoptosis protein 1/2, COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2), cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor), as well as upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic gene products. Interestingly, KRGE also enhanced the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of IM in KBM-5 cells. The combination treatment of KRGE and IM caused pronounced suppression of p38 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation and induced phosphorylation of p53 compared with the individual treatment. Our results demonstrate that KRGE can enhance the anticancer activity of IM and may have a substantial potential in the treatment of @entity1860 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Korean Red @entity9052 Extract Enhances the Anticancer Effects of XXXX Mesylate Through Abrogation p38 and STAT5 Activation in KBM-5 Cells.

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['Imatinib']


abstract: Photodamaged connective tissue in animal and @entity1 skin is characterized by excessive accumulations of elastic fibers, loss of mature collagen, concomitant overproduction of new collagen, and greatly increased levels of glycosaminoglycans. Formerly considered irreversible changes, we recently showed in hairless @entity19 , post irradiation, that a band of normal connective tissue was laid down subepidermally. The present studies focused on 2 aspects of this repair: whether repair would occur if animals were protected by sunscreens after dermal damage was induced and irradiation continued; whether @entity1968 could enhance the repair process. To examine the first aspect, albino hairless @entity19 were irradiated with Westinghouse FS 20 sunlamps thrice weekly for 30 weeks. Sunscreens of high sun-protection factors were applied after 10 and 20 weeks. Not only was further damage prevented, but the damage incurred before sunscreen application was repaired. This appeared as subepidermal reconstruction zones containing normal, mature collagen and a network of fine elastic fibers. The second aspect was examined by applying 0.05% @entity1968 , topically, to animals preirradiated for 10 weeks. In contrast to controls treated with vehicle, the reconstruction zone was significantly wider in @entity1968 -treated @entity19 . The enhanced repair was dose-related.

title: Connective tissue photodamage in the hairless XXXX is partially reversible.

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Two studies were conducted to assess natural killer (NK) cell activity in @entity1201 @entity1 and healthy Ethiopian controls. The first study tested 26 untreated @entity1201 @entity1 across the spectrum of the disease. It was found that @entity1203 and all untreated, nonreactional @entity1 had lower NK activity than healthy controls. However, @entity1 presenting with reversal reaction (RR) had NK activity within the normal range. Heterogeneity was particularly marked in the NK activity of borderline @entity1 . In the second study, NK cell activity was assessed in treated @entity5117 ( @entity5117 ) @entity1 . There were 30 @entity1 with a history of RR and 27 @entity5117 @entity1 without such a history (NR). All @entity1 had had at least 3 years of @entity3761 treatment and 6 months of multidrug therapy. There were 26 control subjects. NK activity was higher in controls than in @entity1 only at one effector:target (E:T) ratio tested, but NK cells from the @entity5117 @entity1 group appeared to be more "aggressive" in that there was significantly (p less than 0.001) less reduction of activity with dilution of effector cells. There were no significant differences in NK activity between RR and NR @entity1 . The NK activity of NR @entity1 was positively correlated with the size of induration of the lepromin response. We conclude that higher NK activity in acute RR would appear to be a consequence rather than a cause of reversal reactions.

title: Natural killer (NK) cell activity and reversal reaction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5117 :: ('MESH:D056005', 'Disease') :: ['BT', 'borderline tuberculoid leprosy']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous leprosy']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical trial costs may be reduced by identifying enriched subpopulations of @entity1 with favorable risk profiles for the events of interest. However, increased selectivity affects accrual rates, with uncertain impact on clinical trial cost. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) 8794 randomized trial of adjuvant radiotherapy for high-risk @entity263 . The primary endpoint was @entity3 ( @entity3 ), defined as time to @entity3 or death from any cause (competing mortality). We used competing risks regression models to identify an enriched subgroup at high risk for @entity3 and low risk for competing mortality. We applied a cost model to estimate the impact of enrichment on trial cost and duration. RESULTS: The treatment effect on @entity3 was similar in the enriched subgroup (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.76) compared to the whole cohort (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30-0.81) while the effect on competing mortality was not significant in the subgroup or the whole cohort (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.39-1.23, vs. HR 0.94; 95% CI, 0.68-1.31). Due to the higher incidence of @entity3 relative to competing mortality in the enriched subgroup, the treatment effect on @entity3 was greater in the subgroup compared to the whole cohort (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.36-0.82, vs. HR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.58-1.01). Trial cost was 75% less in the subgroup compared to the whole cohort ( 1.7million vs.  6.8million), and the trial duration was 30% shorter (8.4 vs. 12.0years). CONCLUSION: Competing event enrichment can reduce clinical trial cost and duration, without sacrificing generalizability.

title: Competing events and costs of clinical trials: Analysis of a randomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'MFS', 'metastasis-free survival']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['trial in prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Estrella lausannensis is a new member of the Chlamydiales order. Like other @entity1047 it is able to replicate in amoebae and in fish cell lines. A preliminary study investigating the pathogenic potential of @entity1047 found a correlation between antibody response to E. lausannensis and @entity55 in @entity1 . To further investigate the pathogenic potential of E. lausannensis, we determined its ability to grow in @entity1 macrophages and its intracellular trafficking. The replication in macrophages resulted in viable E. lausannensis; however, it caused a significant cytopathic effect. The intracellular trafficking of E. lausannensis was analyzed by determining the interaction of the Estrella-containing inclusions with various endocytic markers as well as host organelles. The E. lausannensis inclusion escaped the endocytic pathway rapidly avoiding maturation into phagolysosomes by preventing both @entity21216 and @entity3220 accumulation. Compared to @entity15668 , another @entity1047 , the recruitment of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum was minimal for E. lausannensis inclusions. E. lausannensis appears to use a distinct source of nutrients and energy compared to other members of the Chlamydiales order. In conclusion, we hypothesize that E. lausannensis has a restricted growth in @entity1 macrophages, due to its reduced capacity to control programmed cell death.

title: Trafficking of Estrella lausannensis in XXXX Macrophages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity15668 :: ('71667', 'Species') :: ['Waddlia chondrophila']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia-related bacteria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) vs. repeat biopsy in detection of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) in @entity1 with prior negative findings on biopsy. METHODS: A decision tree model compared the strategy of office-based transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS) for @entity1 with prior negative findings on biopsy with a strategy of initial MP-MRI with TRUS performed only in cases of abnormal results on imaging. Study end points were cost, number of biopsies, and @entity5 detected. Cost was based on Medicare reimbursement. @entity532 were incorporated into analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying model assumptions. RESULTS: The baseline model with 24% @entity263 found that the overall cost for 100 @entity1 was  90,400 and  87,700 for TRUS and MP-MRI arms, respectively. The MP-MRI arm resulted in 73 fewer biopsies per 100 @entity1 but detected 4 fewer @entity5 (16 vs. 20.4) than the TRUS arm did. A lower risk of @entity263 resulted in lower costs for the MP-MRI arm and a small difference in detected @entity5 . At lower @entity5 rates, MP-MRI is superior to TRUS over a wide range of sensitivity and specificity of MRI. A lower sensitivity of MP-MRI decreases the cost of the MP-MRI, as fewer biopsies are performed, but this also reduces the number of @entity5 detected. CONCLUSIONS: The use of MP-MRI to select @entity1 for repeat biopsy reduced the number of biopsies needed by 73% but resulted in a few @entity5 being missed at lower cost when compared with the TRUS arm. Further studies are required to determine whether @entity5 missed represent clinically significant @entity5 .

title: Decision analysis model comparing cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging vs. repeat biopsy for detection of XXXX in @entity1 with prior negative findings on biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Cost of sepsis and minor complications']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) vs. repeat biopsy in detection of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) in @entity1 with prior negative findings on biopsy. METHODS: A decision tree model compared the strategy of office-based transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS) for @entity1 with prior negative findings on biopsy with a strategy of initial MP-MRI with TRUS performed only in cases of abnormal results on imaging. Study end points were cost, number of biopsies, and @entity5 detected. Cost was based on Medicare reimbursement. @entity532 were incorporated into analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying model assumptions. RESULTS: The baseline model with 24% @entity263 found that the overall cost for 100 @entity1 was  90,400 and  87,700 for TRUS and MP-MRI arms, respectively. The MP-MRI arm resulted in 73 fewer biopsies per 100 @entity1 but detected 4 fewer @entity5 (16 vs. 20.4) than the TRUS arm did. A lower risk of @entity263 resulted in lower costs for the MP-MRI arm and a small difference in detected @entity5 . At lower @entity5 rates, MP-MRI is superior to TRUS over a wide range of sensitivity and specificity of MRI. A lower sensitivity of MP-MRI decreases the cost of the MP-MRI, as fewer biopsies are performed, but this also reduces the number of @entity5 detected. CONCLUSIONS: The use of MP-MRI to select @entity1 for repeat biopsy reduced the number of biopsies needed by 73% but resulted in a few @entity5 being missed at lower cost when compared with the TRUS arm. Further studies are required to determine whether @entity5 missed represent clinically significant @entity5 .

title: Decision analysis model comparing cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging vs. repeat biopsy for detection of @entity263 in XXXX with prior negative findings on biopsy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In France, @entity1 milk banks pasteurize milk for the mother's own hospitalized baby (personalized milk) and for donation. There is specific legislation regulating the activity of @entity1 milk banks with bacterial screening of donor milk before and after pasteurization. Milk should be tested for @entity794 and total aerobic flora. Any sample of milk positive for aerobic flora and/or @entity794 before and/or after pasteurization should be discarded. The real pathogenicity of the total aerobic flora is actually debated as well as the usefulness of systematic postpasteurization screening. The aim of this study was to quantify milk losses related to prepasteurization contamination by total aerobic flora in a regional milk bank, to identify losses due to contamination with @entity794 or aerobic flora, and to analyze differences between centers. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the regional @entity1 milk bank of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais area in France. Data were collected from six major centers providing 80% of the milk collected between June 2011 and June 2012. Variables were the volumes of personalized milk collected by each center, volumes of contaminated milk, and the type of bacteria identified. RESULTS: During the study period, the regional @entity1 milk bank treated 4715 L (liters) of personalized milk and 508 L (10.8%) were discarded due to bacteriological screening. Among these 508 L, 43% were discarded because of a prepasteurization contamination with aerobic flora, 55% because of a prepasteurization contamination with @entity794 , and 2% because of other pathogenic bacteria. Postpasteurization tests were positive in 25 samples (0.5%). Only five of these 25 samples were positive before pasteurization and in all cases with @entity794 . A total of 218 L were destroyed because of prepasteurization contamination with total aerobic flora, while the postpasteurization culture was sterile. There was a great difference between centers in the percentage of discarded milk and the type of contamination. The percentage of discarded milk varied from 4 to 16% (P<0.001) and the percentage of prepasteurization positive samples with aerobic flora from 0 to 70% (P<0.001). Costing 80    /L in France, this represented an economic loss of    17,440. CONCLUSION: A significant volume of milk is discarded because of contamination with total aerobic flora found only in prepasteurization tests. Reassessment of the French regulations with regard to microbiological safety could save @entity1 milk to cover the needs of a larger group of preterm babies.

title: [Contamination of XXXX milk with aerobic flora: Evaluation of losses for a @entity1 milk bank].

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In France, @entity1 milk banks pasteurize milk for the mother's own hospitalized baby (personalized milk) and for donation. There is specific legislation regulating the activity of @entity1 milk banks with bacterial screening of donor milk before and after pasteurization. Milk should be tested for @entity794 and total aerobic flora. Any sample of milk positive for aerobic flora and/or @entity794 before and/or after pasteurization should be discarded. The real pathogenicity of the total aerobic flora is actually debated as well as the usefulness of systematic postpasteurization screening. The aim of this study was to quantify milk losses related to prepasteurization contamination by total aerobic flora in a regional milk bank, to identify losses due to contamination with @entity794 or aerobic flora, and to analyze differences between centers. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the regional @entity1 milk bank of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais area in France. Data were collected from six major centers providing 80% of the milk collected between June 2011 and June 2012. Variables were the volumes of personalized milk collected by each center, volumes of contaminated milk, and the type of bacteria identified. RESULTS: During the study period, the regional @entity1 milk bank treated 4715 L (liters) of personalized milk and 508 L (10.8%) were discarded due to bacteriological screening. Among these 508 L, 43% were discarded because of a prepasteurization contamination with aerobic flora, 55% because of a prepasteurization contamination with @entity794 , and 2% because of other pathogenic bacteria. Postpasteurization tests were positive in 25 samples (0.5%). Only five of these 25 samples were positive before pasteurization and in all cases with @entity794 . A total of 218 L were destroyed because of prepasteurization contamination with total aerobic flora, while the postpasteurization culture was sterile. There was a great difference between centers in the percentage of discarded milk and the type of contamination. The percentage of discarded milk varied from 4 to 16% (P<0.001) and the percentage of prepasteurization positive samples with aerobic flora from 0 to 70% (P<0.001). Costing 80    /L in France, this represented an economic loss of    17,440. CONCLUSION: A significant volume of milk is discarded because of contamination with total aerobic flora found only in prepasteurization tests. Reassessment of the French regulations with regard to microbiological safety could save @entity1 milk to cover the needs of a larger group of preterm babies.

title: [Contamination of @entity1 milk with aerobic flora: Evaluation of losses for a XXXX milk bank].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Recent research on the visual system has focused on investigating the relationship among eye (ocular), orbital, and visual cortical anatomy in @entity1 . This issue is relevant in evolutionary and medical fields. In terms of evolution, only in modern @entity1 and @entity4840 are the orbits positioned beneath the frontal lobes, with consequent structural constraints. In terms of medicine, such constraints can be associated with @entity227 , and patterns of integration among these features, and in association with the frontal lobes, are important to consider in reconstructive surgery. Further study is therefore necessary to establish how these variables are related, and to what extent ocular size is associated with orbital and cerebral cortical volumes. Relationships among these anatomical components were investigated using magnetic resonance images from a large sample of 83 individuals, which also included each subject's body height, age, sex, and uncorrected visual acuity score. Occipital and frontal gyri volumes were calculated using two different @entity6795 tools in order to provide a better understanding of how the eye and orbit vary in relation to @entity227 which are not directly related to visual processing. Results indicated that ocular and orbital volumes were weakly correlated, and that eye volume explains only a small proportion of the variance in orbital volume. Ocular and orbital volumes were also found to be equally and, in most cases, more highly correlated with @entity75 than with occipital lobe gyri associated with V1, V2, and V3 of the visual cortex. Additionally, after accounting for age and sex variation, the relationship between @entity227 was no longer statistically significant, but remained significantly related to @entity75 . The relationship between orbital and visual cortical volumes remained significant for a number of occipital lobe gyri even after accounting for these cofactors, but was again found to be more highly correlated with the frontal cortex than with the occipital cortex. These results indicate that eye volume explains only a small amount of @entity2194 and orbit are generally more structurally associated with the frontal lobes than they are functionally associated with the @entity227 . Results also demonstrate that these components of the visual system are highly complex and influenced by a multitude of factors in @entity1 .

title: Analysis of the volumetric relationship among XXXX ocular, orbital and fronto-occipital cortical morphology.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['minor deformation of the eye, vision defects', 'visual cortical gyri, and frontal cortical gyri', 'visual cortex of the occipital lobes', 'ocular and total visual cortical volume']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['variation in orbital and visual cortical volume, and that the eye']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['total frontal lobe volume', 'five frontal lobe gyri']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical parcellation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Historical notes on Walter Linsenmaier, his entomological career and his Chrysididae collection are given. The purpose of this article is to supply the main results obtained during the @entity72130 digitalization project and the subsequent reorganization of the Chrysididae collection housed in the Natur-Museum Luzern (Switzerland); we also provide the complete list of the 720 taxa described by the Swiss author (species-group and genus-group names). Observations on the type material is given. A new synonymy (valid name is first) is proposed for: C. consanguinea Mocs  ry, 1889 = C. consanguinea iberica Linsenmaier, 1959, @entity15735 . nov.; C. pyrophana Dahlbom, 1854 = C. pyrophana var. orionea Linsenmaier, 1951, @entity15735 . nov.; Hedychridium elegantulum du Buysson, 1887 = H. hybridum Linsenmaier, 1959, @entity15735 . nov.; H. perpunctatum Balthasar, 1953 = H. insequosum Linsenmaier, 1959, @entity15735 . nov.; Euchroeus (Pseudospinolia) incrassatus (Spinola, 1838) = E. (P.) humboldti jerichoensis Linsenmaier, 1959, @entity15735 . nov. A new replacement name Chrysis vulcanica Rosa, nom. nov. is proposed for Chrysis brevicollis Linsenmaier, 1987, nom praeocc., nec Mocs  ry, 1899. The lectotype of Chrysis auriceps Linsenmaier, 1959 is designated.

title: The Linsenmaier Chrysididae collection housed in the Natur-Museum  Luzern (Switzerland) and the main results of the related  XXXX Hymenoptera Project (Insecta).

answer: @entity72130 :: (54851,Gene) :: ['GBIF']


abstract: Pulmonary manifestations associated with @entity5419 are rich in variety. We report the first case of food-induced @entity401 mimicking @entity56 ( @entity56 ). A 77-year-old @entity1 with respiratory symptoms was referred to our hospital. We performed a surgical lung biopsy, which showed the features of @entity401 . Her clinical history resembled those observed in @entity56 . However, avoidance of exposure to the causative antigens did not improve her symptoms. Moreover, the @entity1 had some features inconsistent with @entity56 , such as elevated serum @entity9416 levels, blood @entity1712 , intrathoracic lymphadenopathies and @entity1143 . Therefore, we pursued another extrinsic non-inhaled antigen as the cause of @entity358 . We noted that she had been eating homemade @entity579 bran pickles, and @entity358 were induced by an ingestion challenge test. We suggest that @entity401 may be a rare subtype of the pulmonary manifestations associated with @entity5419 .

title: Granulomatous @entity401 induced by the intake of @entity579 bran pickles: a rare subtype of pulmonary manifestation associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvements']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['HP', 'hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: Pulmonary manifestations associated with @entity5419 are rich in variety. We report the first case of food-induced @entity401 mimicking @entity56 ( @entity56 ). A 77-year-old @entity1 with respiratory symptoms was referred to our hospital. We performed a surgical lung biopsy, which showed the features of @entity401 . Her clinical history resembled those observed in @entity56 . However, avoidance of exposure to the causative antigens did not improve her symptoms. Moreover, the @entity1 had some features inconsistent with @entity56 , such as elevated serum @entity9416 levels, blood @entity1712 , intrathoracic lymphadenopathies and @entity1143 . Therefore, we pursued another extrinsic non-inhaled antigen as the cause of @entity358 . We noted that she had been eating homemade @entity579 bran pickles, and @entity358 were induced by an ingestion challenge test. We suggest that @entity401 may be a rare subtype of the pulmonary manifestations associated with @entity5419 .

title: Granulomatous @entity401 induced by the intake of XXXX bran pickles: a rare subtype of pulmonary manifestation associated with @entity5419 .

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: Pulmonary manifestations associated with @entity5419 are rich in variety. We report the first case of food-induced @entity401 mimicking @entity56 ( @entity56 ). A 77-year-old @entity1 with respiratory symptoms was referred to our hospital. We performed a surgical lung biopsy, which showed the features of @entity401 . Her clinical history resembled those observed in @entity56 . However, avoidance of exposure to the causative antigens did not improve her symptoms. Moreover, the @entity1 had some features inconsistent with @entity56 , such as elevated serum @entity9416 levels, blood @entity1712 , intrathoracic lymphadenopathies and @entity1143 . Therefore, we pursued another extrinsic non-inhaled antigen as the cause of @entity358 . We noted that she had been eating homemade @entity579 bran pickles, and @entity358 were induced by an ingestion challenge test. We suggest that @entity401 may be a rare subtype of the pulmonary manifestations associated with @entity5419 .

title: Granulomatous XXXX induced by the intake of @entity579 bran pickles: a rare subtype of pulmonary manifestation associated with @entity5419 .

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Lymph node @entity3 is a major prognostic factor for perihilar @entity201 (PHC). However, prognostic significance of extent of node dissection, lymph node ratio (LNR), and number and location of positive nodes remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate whether node status, LNR, or number or location of positive nodes are independent factors for staging in PHC and to determine the minimum requirements for node examination. METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify 1116 resected PHCs from 1998 to 2008. The correlation between nodal status and survival was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Lymph node @entity3 occurred in 43.4% @entity1 and was an independent predictor for overall survival and cancer-specific survival. No survival benefit was observed for an increasing number of node retrieval in node-positive @entity1 . However, in node-negative @entity1 , >= 13 node dissection was of more survival benefit than 3    <=   total lymph node count (TLNC)    <=   12 and TLNC   <   3 (5-year overall survival: 52.8% vs 39.7% vs 26.3%, P   =   0.001; 5-year cancer-specific survival: 60.6% vs 46.3% vs 30.0%, P   =   0.001). No difference in survival between @entity1 with regional and distant node involvement was found. Survival for @entity1 with greater than three positive nodes was significantly worse than that for those with three or less (relative ratio: 1.466, P   =   0.001). And @entity1 with LNR   >   0.27 also had unfavorable prognosis (relative ratio: 1.376, P   =   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We determined that to adequately assess nodal status of this life-threatening disease, 13 or more nodes retrieval should be considered. Number of positive nodes and LNR rather than location of metastatic nodes may be defined as parameters for staging of PHC.

title: Patterns and prognostic value of lymph node dissection for resected perihilar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Selective neuronal loss (SNL) in the reperfused penumbra may impact clinical recovery and is thus important to investigate. Brief proximal @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) results in predominantly striatal SNL, yet cortical damage is more relevant given its behavioral implications and that thrombolytic therapy mainly rescues the cortex. Distal temporary @entity2500 (tMCAo) does target the cortex, but the optimal occlusion duration that results in isolated SNL has not been determined. In the present study, we assessed different distal tMCAo durations looking for consistently pure SNL. METHODS: Microclip distal tMCAo (md-tMCAo) was performed in ~6-month old male spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs). We previously reported that 45   min md-tMCAo in SHRs results in pan- @entity39 in the majority of subjects. Accordingly, three @entity2500 were investigated here in decremental succession, namely 30, 22, and 15   min (n   =   3, 3, and 7 subjects, respectively). Recanalization was confirmed by MR angiography just prior to brain collection at 28   days and T2-weighted MRI was obtained for characterization of @entity2806 . @entity2141 , OX42, and @entity40 immunohistochemistry appraised changes in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, respectively. @entity2806 were categorized into three main types: (1) pan- @entity39 ; (2) partial @entity1188 ; and (3) SNL. RESULTS: Pan- @entity39 or partial @entity1188 was present in all 30   min and 22   min subjects, but not in the 15   min group (p   <   0.001), in which isolated cortical SNL was consistently present. MRI revealed @entity854 in all @entity35 with pan- @entity39 or partial @entity1188 , but no change in any 15   min subject. CONCLUSION: We found that 15   min distal @entity2500 consistently resulted in pure cortical SNL, whereas durations equal or longer than 22   min consistently resulted in @entity1188 . This model may be of use to study the pathophysiology of cortical SNL and its prevention by appropriate interventions.

title: What is the Optimal Duration of Middle-Cerebral Artery Occlusion Consistently Resulting in Isolated Cortical Selective Neuronal Loss in the Spontaneously XXXX @entity35 ?

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic lesions', 'ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['shorter MCAo durations', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion', 'MCAo']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['characteristic hyperintense abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Selective neuronal loss (SNL) in the reperfused penumbra may impact clinical recovery and is thus important to investigate. Brief proximal @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) results in predominantly striatal SNL, yet cortical damage is more relevant given its behavioral implications and that thrombolytic therapy mainly rescues the cortex. Distal temporary @entity2500 (tMCAo) does target the cortex, but the optimal occlusion duration that results in isolated SNL has not been determined. In the present study, we assessed different distal tMCAo durations looking for consistently pure SNL. METHODS: Microclip distal tMCAo (md-tMCAo) was performed in ~6-month old male spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs). We previously reported that 45   min md-tMCAo in SHRs results in pan- @entity39 in the majority of subjects. Accordingly, three @entity2500 were investigated here in decremental succession, namely 30, 22, and 15   min (n   =   3, 3, and 7 subjects, respectively). Recanalization was confirmed by MR angiography just prior to brain collection at 28   days and T2-weighted MRI was obtained for characterization of @entity2806 . @entity2141 , OX42, and @entity40 immunohistochemistry appraised changes in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, respectively. @entity2806 were categorized into three main types: (1) pan- @entity39 ; (2) partial @entity1188 ; and (3) SNL. RESULTS: Pan- @entity39 or partial @entity1188 was present in all 30   min and 22   min subjects, but not in the 15   min group (p   <   0.001), in which isolated cortical SNL was consistently present. MRI revealed @entity854 in all @entity35 with pan- @entity39 or partial @entity1188 , but no change in any 15   min subject. CONCLUSION: We found that 15   min distal @entity2500 consistently resulted in pure cortical SNL, whereas durations equal or longer than 22   min consistently resulted in @entity1188 . This model may be of use to study the pathophysiology of cortical SNL and its prevention by appropriate interventions.

title: What is the Optimal Duration of Middle-Cerebral Artery Occlusion Consistently Resulting in Isolated Cortical Selective Neuronal Loss in the Spontaneously @entity101 XXXX ?

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma has shown potential as biomarker in various @entity5 and could become an importance source for @entity5 mutation detection. The objectives of our study were to establish a normal range of cfDNA in a cohort of healthy individuals and to compare this with four cohorts of metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) @entity1 . We also investigated the prognostic value of cfDNA and analysed the @entity5 -specific @entity984 mutations in the plasma. METHODS: The study was a prospective biomarker evaluation in four consecutive Phase II trials, including 229 @entity1 with chemotherapy refractory mCRC and 100 healthy individuals. Plasma was obtained from an @entity1098 blood-sample, and the total number of DNA alleles and @entity984 mutated alleles were assessed using an in-house ARMS-qPCR as previously described. RESULTS: Median cfDNA levels were higher in mCRC compared to controls (p < 0.0001). ROC analysis revealed an AUC of 0.9486 (p<0.00001). Data showed @entity73 with increasing levels of baseline cfDNA both when categorising @entity1 by quartiles of cfDNA and into low or high cfDNA groups based on the upper normal range of the control group (Median OS 10.2 (8.3-11.7) and 5.2 (4.6-5.9) months, respectively, HR 1.78, p = 0.0006). Multivariate analysis confirmed an independent prognostic value of cfDNA (HR 1.5 (95% CI 1.3-1.7) for each increase in the cfDNA quartile). The overall concordance of @entity984 mutations in plasma and tissue was high (85%). CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm the prognostic value of cfDNA measurement in plasma and utility for mutation detection with the method presented.

title: Circulating free DNA as biomarker and source for mutation detection in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired OS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preventing @entity28 is an international health priority. In Australia, young @entity1 who live in rural communities are at high risk of unhealthy @entity1017 . Interventions which engage young @entity1 and support sustainable behaviour change are needed and comprehensive evaluation of such interventions generates knowledge for population scale-up. This qualitative sub-study aims to identify enablers and barriers to behaviour change initiation and continuation within a community @entity1017 prevention program. METHODS: In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with program @entity1 6 months after baseline. All interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed independently by two investigators via thematic analysis. @entity1 : A total of 28 @entity1 with a mean age of 39.9  6.2years and a BMI of 28.6  5.2kg/m2 were purposively recruited from the larger cohort (n = 649) that participated in the prevention trial. RESULTS: Four behaviour change groups emerged were identified from @entity1 interviews: (i) no change, (ii) relapse, (iii) intermittent and (iv) continued change. Factors influencing behaviour change initiation and continuation included realistic program expectations and the @entity1 's ability to apply the core program elements including: setting small, achievable behaviour change goals, problem solving and using self-management techniques. Personal knowledge, skills, motivation, self-efficacy, accountability and perceived social and environmental barriers also affected behaviour change. Satisfaction with personal program progress and the perceived amount of program supports required to achieve ongoing behaviour change varied amongst @entity1 . @entity1 who relapsed expressed a desire for more intensive and regular support from health professionals, identified more barriers unrelated to the program, anticipated significant @entity353 and had lower satisfaction with their progress. CONCLUSION: Initiating and continuing behaviour change is a complex process. Our findings elucidate that initiation and continuation of behaviour change in @entity1 undertaking a @entity1017 prevention program may be facilitated by accurate and realistic understanding of program expectation, the ability to apply the core program messages, higher internal motivation, self-efficacy and minimal social and environmental barriers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australia _ New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12612000115831 www.anzctr.org.au.

title: Initiating and continuing behaviour change within a XXXX prevention trial: a qualitative investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: Background   @entity2294 ( @entity2294 ), @entity955 ( @entity955 ), and @entity810 ( @entity810 ) are commonly found after coronary artery surgery. These adverse events may also be interwoven in the postoperative period. In this prospective study, we investigated whether posterior pericardiotomy (PP) with intrapericardial tube positioned along the right atrium (pericardial space intervention) is effective in the prevention of these adverse events. Methods   The @entity1 were randomly distributed to the study and control groups. The study group consisted of @entity1 with pericardial space intervention, whereas the control group consisted of @entity1 without pericardial space interventions. In all @entity1 , a straight tube was placed in the anterior mediastinum and an angled tube was placed into the left hemithorax. Results   A total of 210 @entity1 were studied: 107 in the control group and 103 in the study group. Statistically significant results were obtained in the amount of @entity2294 , @entity2293 , @entity955 (p   =   0.019), and @entity810 during the postoperative period, in favor of the study group. Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the study group (6.11        2.31, p   =   0.009). Conclusion   The PP with intrapericardial tube approach is safe, easy, and effective in the prevention of @entity2294 , @entity2293 , and @entity955 . The use of this approach may reduce the risk of developing @entity810 during the postoperative period. Besides, this technique also reduces the length of hospital stay.

title: The Preventive Effects of Posterior Pericardiotomy with Intrapericardial Tube on the Development of @entity2294 , XXXX , and @entity810 after Coronary Artery Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'Pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: Background   @entity2294 ( @entity2294 ), @entity955 ( @entity955 ), and @entity810 ( @entity810 ) are commonly found after coronary artery surgery. These adverse events may also be interwoven in the postoperative period. In this prospective study, we investigated whether posterior pericardiotomy (PP) with intrapericardial tube positioned along the right atrium (pericardial space intervention) is effective in the prevention of these adverse events. Methods   The @entity1 were randomly distributed to the study and control groups. The study group consisted of @entity1 with pericardial space intervention, whereas the control group consisted of @entity1 without pericardial space interventions. In all @entity1 , a straight tube was placed in the anterior mediastinum and an angled tube was placed into the left hemithorax. Results   A total of 210 @entity1 were studied: 107 in the control group and 103 in the study group. Statistically significant results were obtained in the amount of @entity2294 , @entity2293 , @entity955 (p   =   0.019), and @entity810 during the postoperative period, in favor of the study group. Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the study group (6.11        2.31, p   =   0.009). Conclusion   The PP with intrapericardial tube approach is safe, easy, and effective in the prevention of @entity2294 , @entity2293 , and @entity955 . The use of this approach may reduce the risk of developing @entity810 during the postoperative period. Besides, this technique also reduces the length of hospital stay.

title: The Preventive Effects of Posterior Pericardiotomy with Intrapericardial Tube on the Development of XXXX , @entity955 , and @entity810 after Coronary Artery Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['Pericardial Effusion']


abstract: Background   @entity2294 ( @entity2294 ), @entity955 ( @entity955 ), and @entity810 ( @entity810 ) are commonly found after coronary artery surgery. These adverse events may also be interwoven in the postoperative period. In this prospective study, we investigated whether posterior pericardiotomy (PP) with intrapericardial tube positioned along the right atrium (pericardial space intervention) is effective in the prevention of these adverse events. Methods   The @entity1 were randomly distributed to the study and control groups. The study group consisted of @entity1 with pericardial space intervention, whereas the control group consisted of @entity1 without pericardial space interventions. In all @entity1 , a straight tube was placed in the anterior mediastinum and an angled tube was placed into the left hemithorax. Results   A total of 210 @entity1 were studied: 107 in the control group and 103 in the study group. Statistically significant results were obtained in the amount of @entity2294 , @entity2293 , @entity955 (p   =   0.019), and @entity810 during the postoperative period, in favor of the study group. Length of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the study group (6.11        2.31, p   =   0.009). Conclusion   The PP with intrapericardial tube approach is safe, easy, and effective in the prevention of @entity2294 , @entity2293 , and @entity955 . The use of this approach may reduce the risk of developing @entity810 during the postoperative period. Besides, this technique also reduces the length of hospital stay.

title: The Preventive Effects of Posterior Pericardiotomy with Intrapericardial Tube on the Development of @entity2294 , @entity955 , and XXXX after Coronary Artery Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute Kidney Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3799 are uncommon benign @entity600 usually present in @entity1 , and are rare in adults. Currently, complete resection is still the standard care. Two cases are presented of a cervical @entity2696 in an adult. The diagnosis and surgical approach is also discussed. CLINICAL CASE: Case 1. The first case is a 23 year old male with chief complaint of a @entity5 in the posterior triangle of the neck, which showed a substantial increase in size in the last 9 months. No associated signs or symptoms, or any @entity130 history was reported. CT scan of the neck showed images suggestive of a posterior cervical @entity2696 . Exploratory cervical surgery was performed, with complete resection of a @entity5 located in the posterior triangle of the neck. Surgery was performed without complications and postoperative care was unremarkable. Case 2. The second case is a 28 @entity1 with a @entity5 in submandibular space. She had history of a previous incomplete operation in another institution 2 years ago, with recurrence of the @entity5 . A second surgery was performed with complete resection without complications, and with a good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3799 is a very rare benign disease, surgical treatment is preferred, but sclerotherapy can be used as alternative treatment.

title: [ XXXX in the adult. A report of 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical lymphangiomas', 'Cervical lymphangioma']

answer: @entity3799 :: (MESH:D002575,Disease) :: ['Cervical lymphangioma']


abstract: For @entity1 with recurrent and/or metastatic @entity957 of the @entity135 (R/M SCCHN), chemotherapy can prolong life and alleviate symptoms. However, expected gains may be small, not necessarily outweighing considerable @entity137 and high costs. Treatment choice is to a large extent dependent on preferences of doctors and @entity1 and data on these choices are scarce. The purpose of this study is to obtain real-world information on palliative systemic treatment and costs of R/M SCCHN in the Netherlands. In six Dutch @entity135 treatment centers, data were collected on @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, treatment patterns, disease progression, survival, adverse events, and resource use for R/M SCCHN, between 2006 and 2013. 125 (14 %) out of 893 R/M SCCHN @entity1 received palliative, non-trial first-line systemic treatment, mainly @entity902 + @entity1487 + cetuximab (32 %), other @entity902 -based combination therapy (13 %), @entity1499 monotherapy (27 %) and @entity416 monotherapy (14 %). Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.4 and 6.0 months, respectively. 34 (27 %) @entity1 experienced severe adverse events. Mean total hospital costs ranged from     10,075 (       9,891) ( @entity1499 monotherapy) to     39,459 (       21,149) ( @entity902 + @entity1487 + cetuximab). Primary cost drivers were hospital stays and anticancer drug treatments. Major health care utilization and costs are involved in systemically treating R/M SCCHN @entity1 with a limited survival.

title: Treatments and costs for recurrent and/or metastatic XXXX of the @entity135 in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: For @entity1 with recurrent and/or metastatic @entity957 of the @entity135 (R/M SCCHN), chemotherapy can prolong life and alleviate symptoms. However, expected gains may be small, not necessarily outweighing considerable @entity137 and high costs. Treatment choice is to a large extent dependent on preferences of doctors and @entity1 and data on these choices are scarce. The purpose of this study is to obtain real-world information on palliative systemic treatment and costs of R/M SCCHN in the Netherlands. In six Dutch @entity135 treatment centers, data were collected on @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, treatment patterns, disease progression, survival, adverse events, and resource use for R/M SCCHN, between 2006 and 2013. 125 (14 %) out of 893 R/M SCCHN @entity1 received palliative, non-trial first-line systemic treatment, mainly @entity902 + @entity1487 + cetuximab (32 %), other @entity902 -based combination therapy (13 %), @entity1499 monotherapy (27 %) and @entity416 monotherapy (14 %). Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 3.4 and 6.0 months, respectively. 34 (27 %) @entity1 experienced severe adverse events. Mean total hospital costs ranged from     10,075 (       9,891) ( @entity1499 monotherapy) to     39,459 (       21,149) ( @entity902 + @entity1487 + cetuximab). Primary cost drivers were hospital stays and anticancer drug treatments. Major health care utilization and costs are involved in systemically treating R/M SCCHN @entity1 with a limited survival.

title: Treatments and costs for recurrent and/or metastatic @entity957 of the XXXX in the Netherlands.

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: PURPOSE: Repeat sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is an alternative to @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) for axillary staging in recurrent @entity0 . This study was conducted to determine factors associated with technical success of repeat SNB. METHODS: A total of 536 @entity1 with locally recurrent nonmetastatic @entity0 underwent lymphatic mapping (LM) and repeat SNB in 29 Dutch hospitals. RESULTS: A total of 179 @entity1 previously underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) with SNB, 262 @entity1 BCS with @entity1600 and 61 @entity1 mastectomy, 35 with SNB and 26 with @entity1600 . Another 34 @entity1 underwent breast surgery without axillary interventions. A repeat sentinel node (SN) was identified in 333 @entity1 (62.1 %) and was successfully removed in 235 (53.5 %). The overall repeat SN identification rate was 62.1 %, varying from 35 to 100 % in the participating hospitals. Previous radiotherapy of the breast [odds ratio (OR) 0.16; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.03-0.84], subareolar tracer injection (OR 0.34; 95 % CI 0.16-0.73), and a 2-day LM protocol (OR 0.57; 95 % CI 0.33-0.97) after previous BCS were independently associated with failure of SN identification. Injection of a larger amount of tracer (>180 MBq) led to a higher identification rate (OR 4.40; 95 % CI 1.45-13.32). CONCLUSIONS: Repeat SNB is a technically feasible procedure for axillary staging in recurrent @entity0 @entity1 . Previous radiotherapy appears to be associated with failure of SN identification. Injection with a larger amount of tracer (>180 MBq) leads to a higher identification rate; subareolar injection and a 2-day LM protocol after previous BCS appear to be less adequate.

title: Improving the Success Rate of Repeat Sentinel Node Biopsy in Recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['ALND', 'axillary lymph node dissection']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Free-flap reconstruction via a retroauricular approach (RRA) after robot-assisted neck dissection (RAND) could have cosmetic benefits. This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes of free-flap reconstruction via a RRA and via a transcervical approach in @entity135 . METHODS: For this matched case-control study, 50 @entity1 with @entity135 requiring free-flap reconstruction were divided into two groups: those reconstructed via a RRA group and those reconstructed via a transcervical approach ( @entity6093 group). The total operation time for free-flap reconstruction, the flap survival rate, the length of the hospital stay, the complications, and the scar satisfaction scores were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The RRA group comprised 25 @entity1 , and the @entity6093 group had 25 @entity1 . The mean operation time for reconstruction was 288    77 min in the RRA group and 250    98 min in the @entity6093 group (p = 0.132). Flap failure occurred for two @entity1 in the RRA group (8 %) and for one @entity1 in the @entity6093 group (4 %) (p = 1.000). The mean hospital stay was 21    18 days in the RRA group and 23    14 days in the @entity6093 group (p = 0.669). The complications were comparable between the two groups. However, the overall scar satisfaction was significantly higher in the RRA group (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity135 , RRA has better cosmetic outcomes than @entity6093 . The RRA approach could be used for select @entity1 who undergo RAND and prefer to avoid a visible anterior neck scar.

title: A Study Comparing Free-Flap Reconstruction via the Retroauricular Approach and the Traditional Transcervical Approach for XXXX : A Matched Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) to inhaled @entity2656 is associated with indirect markers of mast cell activation and @entity32 . It is unknown how @entity1224 to @entity2656 relates to mast cell phenotype, mast cell function and measures of @entity32 in airway tissue. We compared the number and phenotype of mast cells, mRNA expression of mast cell-associated genes and number of eosinophils in airway tissue of subjects with @entity565 and healthy controls in relation to @entity1224 to @entity2656 . METHODS: @entity1224 to inhaled @entity2656 was measured in 23 non-smoking, corticosteroid-free asthmatic individuals and 10 healthy controls. Mast cells and eosinophils were identified in mucosal biopsies from all @entity1 . Mast cells were divided into phenotypes based on the presence of chymase. mRNA expression of mast cell-associated genes was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The proportion of submucosal MCTC was higher in asthmatic individuals with @entity1224 to @entity2656 compared with asthmatic individuals without @entity1224 (median: 40.3% vs. 18.7%, P  =  0.03). Increased submucosal MCTC numbers were associated with increased levels of mRNA for @entity24373 ( @entity24373 ) and @entity26135 in asthmatics. Reactivity to @entity2656 correlated significantly with eosinophils in submucosa (r(s): 0.56, P  =  0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1224 to inhaled @entity2656 is associated with an altered submucosal mast cell profile in asthmatic individuals. This mast cell profile is associated with increased levels of @entity24373 and @entity26135 . The degree of @entity1224 to @entity2656 is correlated with the degree of @entity32 in the airway submucosa.

title: Airway responsiveness to @entity2656 in XXXX is associated with chymase-positive mast cells and @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic airway inflammation', 'eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['Airway hyperresponsiveness', 'AHR']

entities_list: @entity24373 :: ('85480', 'Gene') :: ['thymic stromal lymphopoietin', 'TSLP']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) to inhaled @entity2656 is associated with indirect markers of mast cell activation and @entity32 . It is unknown how @entity1224 to @entity2656 relates to mast cell phenotype, mast cell function and measures of @entity32 in airway tissue. We compared the number and phenotype of mast cells, mRNA expression of mast cell-associated genes and number of eosinophils in airway tissue of subjects with @entity565 and healthy controls in relation to @entity1224 to @entity2656 . METHODS: @entity1224 to inhaled @entity2656 was measured in 23 non-smoking, corticosteroid-free asthmatic individuals and 10 healthy controls. Mast cells and eosinophils were identified in mucosal biopsies from all @entity1 . Mast cells were divided into phenotypes based on the presence of chymase. mRNA expression of mast cell-associated genes was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The proportion of submucosal MCTC was higher in asthmatic individuals with @entity1224 to @entity2656 compared with asthmatic individuals without @entity1224 (median: 40.3% vs. 18.7%, P  =  0.03). Increased submucosal MCTC numbers were associated with increased levels of mRNA for @entity24373 ( @entity24373 ) and @entity26135 in asthmatics. Reactivity to @entity2656 correlated significantly with eosinophils in submucosa (r(s): 0.56, P  =  0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1224 to inhaled @entity2656 is associated with an altered submucosal mast cell profile in asthmatic individuals. This mast cell profile is associated with increased levels of @entity24373 and @entity26135 . The degree of @entity1224 to @entity2656 is correlated with the degree of @entity32 in the airway submucosa.

title: Airway responsiveness to XXXX in @entity565 is associated with chymase-positive mast cells and @entity32 .

answer: @entity2656 :: (MESH:D008353,Chemical) :: ['mannitol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) to inhaled @entity2656 is associated with indirect markers of mast cell activation and @entity32 . It is unknown how @entity1224 to @entity2656 relates to mast cell phenotype, mast cell function and measures of @entity32 in airway tissue. We compared the number and phenotype of mast cells, mRNA expression of mast cell-associated genes and number of eosinophils in airway tissue of subjects with @entity565 and healthy controls in relation to @entity1224 to @entity2656 . METHODS: @entity1224 to inhaled @entity2656 was measured in 23 non-smoking, corticosteroid-free asthmatic individuals and 10 healthy controls. Mast cells and eosinophils were identified in mucosal biopsies from all @entity1 . Mast cells were divided into phenotypes based on the presence of chymase. mRNA expression of mast cell-associated genes was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The proportion of submucosal MCTC was higher in asthmatic individuals with @entity1224 to @entity2656 compared with asthmatic individuals without @entity1224 (median: 40.3% vs. 18.7%, P  =  0.03). Increased submucosal MCTC numbers were associated with increased levels of mRNA for @entity24373 ( @entity24373 ) and @entity26135 in asthmatics. Reactivity to @entity2656 correlated significantly with eosinophils in submucosa (r(s): 0.56, P  =  0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1224 to inhaled @entity2656 is associated with an altered submucosal mast cell profile in asthmatic individuals. This mast cell profile is associated with increased levels of @entity24373 and @entity26135 . The degree of @entity1224 to @entity2656 is correlated with the degree of @entity32 in the airway submucosa.

title: Airway responsiveness to @entity2656 in @entity565 is associated with chymase-positive mast cells and XXXX .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic airway inflammation']


abstract: A disadvantage in Q fever diagnostics and research is the insensitive and difficult culture of @entity4003 . This intracellular organism can only be isolated using embryonated eggs, animal hosts, or @entity1 cell culture. In consequence, it has only been possible to isolate a few strains from @entity1 @entity1 . Here, we describe the first isolation of @entity4003 from a clinical specimen using the recently developed cell-free medium acidified citrate cysteine medium 2 (ACCM2). We screened the sera of 217 @entity1 who had undergone valvular transplantation but detected one serum with an antibody constellation indicating @entity4002 . Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the corresponding heart valve revealed 3.1   *   10(5) copies/rxn. The strain was successfully isolated using ACCM2. Genomic investigation by multilocus variable-number of tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) revealed the strain to be a new genotype, A10, closely related to one from @entity742 . As the sensitivity of ACCM2 for different @entity1 strains is unknown, we also investigated combining a robust test, egg propagation, with ACCM2. This combination produced four to six logs of growth of the bacteria. The use of ACCM2 in this combination simplified the otherwise elaborate purification steps. Cultivation in ACCM2 has the potential to simplify the isolation of @entity4003 in a clinical setting. As the success rates of cell culture for virulent @entity4003 strains are variable, the sensitivity of ACCM2 for different strains is unknown, and many specimens may contain much fewer bacteria than in our case, the combination of the robust method of egg propagation with ACCM2 is a good alternative to existing single methods for investigating critical specimens.

title: First isolation of XXXX from clinical material by cell-free medium (ACCM2).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['chronic Q fever']

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['C. burnetii', 'Coxiella burnetii']

answer: @entity4003 :: (777,Species) :: ['Coxiella burnetii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visceral adiposity is a strong determinant of @entity2690 resistance, which decreases @entity8586 response sensitivity, and increases @entity165 saturation in the gallbladder bile; thus, it potentially relates to @entity5990 development. We aimed to investigate whether visceral fat measured by computed tomography (CT) is a risk factor for @entity5990 . METHODS: A cohort of 717 @entity1 undergoing CT and ultrasonography was analyzed. The associations between body mass index (BMI), @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) area, @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) area, and @entity5990 were analyzed adjusted for age, sex, @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity2299 . RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, @entity5990 was significantly associated with @entity1386 and @entity1386 areas for both categorical data and trend (P for trend <0.001, 0.009), but not BMI. Among @entity1 with BMI <25, @entity5990 remained significantly associated with @entity1386 area (P for trend 0.021) and @entity1386 area (P for trend 0.005). Interactions between the @entity28 indices and being elderly on the risk of @entity5990 were found; specifically BMI (P=0.005), @entity1386 (P<0.001), and @entity1386 (P=0.154). A significant association between all @entity28 indices and @entity5990 was seen in @entity1 aged <65 but not among those aged >= 65. However, no significant association was noted between the @entity28 indices and sex. CONCLUSIONS: CT-measured adipose tissue, rather than BMI, was a better predictor for risk of @entity5990 . This finding   applies to younger   @entity1 or even those with normal body weight,   suggesting the importance of abdominal visceral fat accumulation in the development of @entity5990 .

title: Abdominal Visceral Fat Accumulation Measured by Computed Tomography is Associated with an Increased Risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone disease']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'visceral adipose tissue', 'SAT', 'VAT']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['Gallstone Disease']


abstract: There is currently no standard technique to objectively quantify the microvascularization of @entity1313 . Fractal analysis has been proposed as a useful descriptor of @entity5 microvascularity. Standardization of the fractal analysis methodology could offer a new tool for this type of characterization. In this study, we applied fractal analysis to the characterization of the different angioarchitectures found in specimens of @entity463 multiforme (GBM), the most common and most malignant type of @entity1 @entity1313 . A retrospective series of 114 primary GBM specimens was carried out. To quantify neoplastic microvascularity, the level of two-dimensional geometrical complexity of the microvascular patterns was assessed using the box-counting algorithm, which estimates the microvascular fractal dimension (mvFD). mvFD makes information on the non-Euclidean space filled by vessels embedded in the @entity5 microenvironment available because it depends on vessel number, shape, magnitude and distribution pattern. A mean mvFD value of 1.44    0.17 (range: 1.06-1.87) was found. The coefficient of variation was 44%. The high geometric variability, found objectively, in these samples reflects the angioarchitectural heterogeneity underlying GBM. The present study shows that angioarchitectural subtypes can be identified by mvFD, making this parameter a potential tool for quantifying different neoplastic microvascular patterns.

title: Angioarchitectural heterogeneity in @entity1 XXXX multiforme: a fractal-based histopathological assessment.

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: There is currently no standard technique to objectively quantify the microvascularization of @entity1313 . Fractal analysis has been proposed as a useful descriptor of @entity5 microvascularity. Standardization of the fractal analysis methodology could offer a new tool for this type of characterization. In this study, we applied fractal analysis to the characterization of the different angioarchitectures found in specimens of @entity463 multiforme (GBM), the most common and most malignant type of @entity1 @entity1313 . A retrospective series of 114 primary GBM specimens was carried out. To quantify neoplastic microvascularity, the level of two-dimensional geometrical complexity of the microvascular patterns was assessed using the box-counting algorithm, which estimates the microvascular fractal dimension (mvFD). mvFD makes information on the non-Euclidean space filled by vessels embedded in the @entity5 microenvironment available because it depends on vessel number, shape, magnitude and distribution pattern. A mean mvFD value of 1.44    0.17 (range: 1.06-1.87) was found. The coefficient of variation was 44%. The high geometric variability, found objectively, in these samples reflects the angioarchitectural heterogeneity underlying GBM. The present study shows that angioarchitectural subtypes can be identified by mvFD, making this parameter a potential tool for quantifying different neoplastic microvascular patterns.

title: Angioarchitectural heterogeneity in XXXX @entity463 multiforme: a fractal-based histopathological assessment.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: Managing @entity281 remains a challenging task, and adequate treatment strategies seem to be mandatory to avoid irreversible damage of the @entity149 . Two-stage revision arthroplasty includes removing all implants and subsequent implantation of an antibiotic-loaded cement spacer, followed by revision arthroplasty as the second stage. Although this procedure is well described in the literature, results remain unpredictable due to various clinical findings and the absence of prospective randomised trials. We analysed (1) mortality and (2) reinfection rates in a series of @entity1 who underwent two-stage revision surgery for periprosthetic @entity281 with antibiotic-augmented joint spacers. We maintained a special focus on the spacer retention period and its influence on outcome in order to determine the best time for second-stage surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 76 @entity1 with native and periprosthetic @entity281 and who underwent two-stage revision surgery with antibiotic-loaded cement spacers were studied between 2005 and 2010. The second-stage operation was performed when it was assumed that @entity281 was eradicated. The further operative procedure depended upon intra-operative findings (frozen section, local status). RESULTS: Mean implant-free period with the antibiotic-loaded spacer in situ was 12.6  weeks. Spacer re-implantation was necessary in 13 cases due to positive signs of @entity697 in the frozen section and suspect intra-operative findings. Eight @entity1 were not operated for a second time in the investigated time period due to poor general condition. In 40 @entity1 , the spacer retention period was four to 11  weeks: <four  weeks for five and >11  weeks for 23. We observed a significantly higher proportion of @entity1 free from reinfection in the four to 11-week group than in @entity1 with the shorter or longer period. CONCLUSION: According to our findings, the optimal timing for second-stage surgery as a second-stage procedure is between four and 11 weeks. A significantly optimal reinfection rate was seen in @entity1 undergoing revision arthroplasty within that time frame, and 90  % of those @entity1 remained @entity281 free until final follow-up.

title: Two-stage revision of prosthetic XXXX using antibiotic-loaded cement spacers: When is the best time to perform the second stage?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'periprosthetic joint infections', 'hip joint infections']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['affected joint and/or systemic complications']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['hip joint infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity101 guidelines propose home or ambulatory blood pressure monitoring as indispensable after office measurement. However, whether preference should be given to home or ambulatory monitoring remains undetermined. In 831 untreated outpatients (mean age, 50.6 years; 49.8% @entity1 ), we measured office (3 visits), home (7 days), and 24-h ambulatory blood pressures. We applied @entity101 guidelines for cross-classification of @entity1 into normotension or white-coat, masked, or sustained @entity101 . Based on office and home blood pressures, the prevalence of white-coat, masked, and sustained @entity101 was 61 (10.3%), 166 (20.0%), and 162 (19.5%), respectively. Using daytime (from 8 am to 6 pm) instead of home blood pressure confirmed the cross-classification in 575 @entity1 (69.2%), downgraded risk from masked @entity101 to normotension (n=24) or from sustained to white-coat @entity101 (n=9) in 33 (4.0%), but upgraded risk from normotension to masked @entity101 (n=179) or from white-coat to sustained @entity101 (n=44) in 223 (26.8%). Analyses based on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure were confirmatory. In adjusted analyses, both the urinary albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio (+20.6%; confidence interval, 4.4-39.3) and aortic pulse wave velocity (+0.30 m/s; confidence interval, 0.09-0.51) were higher in @entity1 who moved up to a higher risk category. Both indexes of target organ damage and central augmentation index were positively associated (P <=0.048) with the odds of being reclassified. In conclusion, for reliably diagnosing @entity101 and starting treatment, office measurement should be followed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Using home instead of ambulatory monitoring misses the high-risk diagnoses of masked or sustained @entity101 in over 25% of @entity1 .

title: Strategies for Classifying XXXX Based on Office, Home, and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Measurement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The depletion of @entity3403 (DC) residues in eggs was determined after oral drug administration by drinking water to laying hens. The antibiotic was supplied to birds for 5 consecutive days and the eggs were collected during medication and 18  days after withdrawal. DC residues were determined by LC-MS/MS. DC was isolated from eggs with a solution of 0.02  M of @entity11439 ( @entity10003 ), 0.1  M @entity18687 and @entity1626 . The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were 2 and 5    g  kg(-1), respectively. Analyses were performed on whole egg, egg white and yolk separately. DC was detectable 24  h after the beginning of administration. The concentration of antibiotic increased daily, resulting in the highest DC concentration in whole eggs at the first day of the withdrawal period. Thirteen days after withdrawal, the content of DC in whole eggs was below the LOQ of the method. However, some differences were found in the depletion curve of DC between egg white and yolk. Residues of DC in egg white were much higher during treatment and 1 day after withdrawal, but later the concentration in egg white decreased fairly rapidly and a higher DC content in egg yolk was observed. The depletion period was shorter for egg white than for yolk, and DC was detected in the egg white until 12  days after withdrawal and 2  days more in egg yolk than in white. DC reached a peak faster in egg white, but the residues were detectable for longer period in the yolk.

title: XXXX depletion and residues in eggs after oral administration to laying hens.

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity11439 :: ('MESH:D019815', 'Chemical') :: ['oxalic acid']

answer: @entity3403 :: (MESH:D004318,Chemical) :: ['Doxycycline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity1955 ( @entity2016 ) treatment has beneficial effects on IVF results and pregnancy outcome in @entity249 @entity1 with @entity1375 undergoing IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized trial. SETTING: University-affiliated @entity249 clinic. @entity1 (S): A total of 64 @entity249 @entity1 with @entity1375 , defined as an elevated serum TSH level associated with a normal free T4 level and without frank symptoms of @entity1375 . INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 were randomized into an @entity2016 treatment group or control group. For the @entity2016 treatment group, 50  g @entity2016 was administered from the first day of controlled ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Results of IVF and pregnancy outcome. RESULT(S): There were no differences in @entity1 characteristics between the two groups. Total dose and days of recombinant @entity1 FSH used for controlled ovarian stimulation were also similar. The number of grade I or II embryos was significantly higher in the @entity2016 treatment group than in the control group. There was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy rate per cycle between the two groups. However, the miscarriage rate was significantly lower in the @entity2016 treatment group than in the control group. Embryo implantation rate and live birth rate were significantly higher in the @entity2016 treatment group. In the control group, both thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody levels were significantly higher in the miscarried subgroup than in the delivered subgroup. CONCLUSION(S): @entity2016 treatment can improve embryo quality and pregnancy outcome in @entity1375 @entity1 undergoing IVF/ICSI.

title: Effect of @entity1955 treatment on in vitro fertilization and pregnancy outcome in XXXX @entity1 with @entity1375 undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patients', 'human', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'subclinical hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertile']