abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe practice patterns and adverse events associated with @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) administration as the primary sedative outside the operating room in varied settings by a diverse range of providers, and to identify @entity1 and sedation characteristics associated with adverse events. STUDY DESIGN: Data prospectively collected by the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium, which is comprised of 40 @entity1 's and general/community hospitals, was retrospectively analyzed for @entity1 who received @entity3727 as the primary sedative. Descriptive measures of @entity1 and sedation characteristics and adverse events were reported. A multivariable regression model was used to assess potential associations between @entity1 and sedation characteristics and adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 1634 @entity3727 administrations were identified. The majority was performed in sedation units, and most by advanced practice nurses or physician assistants. The most common adjunct medication was @entity1363 . There was a low prevalence of adverse events (6.5%), with @entity391 as the most common (2.4%) and only 3 (0.2%) serious adverse events reported. The odds of @entity391 increased when concomitant opioids were administered (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.14, 7.32) and when nil per os (NPO) clear fluids <2  hours (OR 4.16, 95% CI 1.61, 10.76). NPO full meal <6  hours did not change the odds of @entity391 (OR 1.42, 95% CI 0.57, 3.57). There were no aspiration events. CONCLUSIONS: There was a very low prevalence of serious adverse events during @entity3727 administration in @entity1 outside of the operating room and by nonanesthesiologists. The odds of @entity391 increased when concomitant opioids were administered and NPO clear fluids <2  hours.

title: Practice Patterns and Adverse Events of XXXX Sedation and Analgesia: A Report from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['Nitrous Oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthcare systems vary among countries, and in many countries, insurance and economic statuses significantly impact the mortality associated with @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Japan prides itself on its unique healthcare and health insurance system, which provides equal coverage and healthcare access with low individual payments to most citizens. Additionally, citizens in poverty are covered by insurance for the poor (public assistance) and receive medical and other types of assistance. Hence, they have no barriers to healthcare services. This study aimed to determine the impact of health insurance status on mortality in Japanese @entity1 with @entity213 . METHODS: We reviewed 409 @entity1 with @entity213 , using the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate overall survival. The association between insurance status and disease stage at diagnosis was analyzed via logistic regression. Cox and Fine-Gray proportional hazard models were employed to investigate the impact of insurance status on survival. RESULTS: The public assistance and other insurances groups did not significantly differ in clinical stage distribution. The 5-year overall survival, cumulative incidence of @entity213 , and cumulative incidence of other death rates were 63.3 and 59.1  %, 27.0 and 31.8  %, and 10.3 and 9.7  % for the public assistance and other insurances groups, respectively. The adjusted  subdistribution hazard ratio for the association between public assistance and @entity213 was 0.73 (95  % confidence interval 0.44-1.21). CONCLUSIONS: The demonstrated non-inferiority of public assistance regarding @entity213 -specific mortality indicates the equality of healthcare in Japan, irrespective of the insurance status, and the superiority of the Japanese healthcare system.

title: Health insurance status and survival among XXXX with head and neck cancer in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC', 'HNSCC death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The role of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for soft @entity242 (STS) is not standard practice. We investigated effectiveness and tolerability of ACT in @entity1 (pts) with operated high-risk STS in clinical practice. METHODS: Medical records of pts with localized STS referred to Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Padova, from January 1, 2003 to July 07, 2012 were reviewed. Data were collected for pts with high-risk STS (size >= 5  cm, high grade and stage III). For those who received ACT, regimens used, drug doses, number of cycles, @entity137 , and reasons for dose reduction or treatment interruption were recorded. Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Out of 96 eligible pts, median age 62  years, 36 received ACT after loco-regional treatment. Median DFS was 29.6  months (95  % CI 13.2-46.0) in pts receiving ACT and 7.8  months (95  % CI 3.9-11.7) in untreated pts (p  <  0.0001); median @entity1349 was 67.0  months (95  % CI 25.4-108.6) in treated and 33.7  months (95  % CI 23.3-44.2) in untreated pts (p  =  0.005). Among pts receiving ACT, a significant difference in DFS was observed between pts with limb/ @entity66 (median DFS 82.4  months; 95  % CI 0.0-184.7) and pts with other primary sites (median DFS 18.3  months; 95  % CI 8.0-28.5) (p  =  0.052). Grade >= 3 @entity137 occurred in 20 pts (20.8  %), leading to dose reductions, delays, and treatment discontinuation in five cases. There was no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Our data confirm benefit of ACT with regard to DFS and @entity1349 in pts with high-risk STS, greatest for limb/girdle STS.

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy for soft XXXX : a 10-year mono-institutional experience.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['girdle disease']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['tissue sarcomas']


abstract: AIMS: We describe a two-step screening approach using non-invasive risk assessment and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to identify @entity1 for a @entity6 prevention trial. METHODS: A total of 6030 non-diabetic @entity1 of 35-55 years were screened using risk assessment for @entity6 . Those with three or more risk factors were screened using point of care HbA1c test. For this study, @entity1 in @entity4051 c categories of 6.0% (42.1mmol/mol)-6.4% (46.4mmol/mol) were selected and their characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 6030 @entity1 , 2835 (47%) had three or more risk factors for @entity6 . Among those screened with HbA1c, 43.2% (1225) had @entity4051 c values of <6.0% (42.1mmol/mol), 46.8% (1327) had @entity4051 c values between 6.0% (42.1mmol/mol) and  <=6.4% (46.4mmol/mol) and 10% (283) had undiagnosed @entity6 with >= 6.5% (47.5mmol/mol). Positive family history was present in 53.2%, 81.7% were @entity28 and 14.8% were overweight. CONCLUSIONS: Opportunistic screening using a two-step approach: @entity6 risk profile and HbA1c measurement detected a large percentage of individuals with @entity5710 . Prediabetic @entity1 recruited to the trial had higher percentage of @entity28 and presence of positive family history than those who had lower HbA1c values. Outcomes from this trial will enable comparisons with the previous prevention studies that used blood @entity413 levels as the screening criteria.

title: A pragmatic and scalable strategy using mobile technology to promote sustained lifestyle changes to prevent type 2 XXXX in India-Outcome of screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The reported incidence of local recurrence after mastectomy for locally advanced @entity0 (TNM Stage III and IV) is between 30% and 50%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of radiation therapy (XRT) followed by total mastectomy on the incidence of local recurrence in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 . Fifty-three @entity1 who presented with locally advanced @entity0 , without distant metastases, were treated with XRT (4500-5000 R) to the breast, chest wall, and regional lymph nodes. Five weeks after completion of XRT, total mastectomy was performed. There were no operative deaths. The complications that occurred in 22 @entity1 after surgery were flap @entity39 , wound @entity281 , and @entity2080 . @entity1 have been followed from 3 to 134 months. Twenty-five @entity1 are alive (3-134 months), 12 free of disease; 28 @entity1 have died with distant metastases (6-67 months). Isolated local recurrence occurred in only two @entity1 . Four @entity1 had local and distant recurrence (total local recurrence is 6/53). The remaining @entity1 all developed distant metastases. We have devised a treatment strategy which significantly decreases the incidence of local recurrence in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 . However, the rapid appearance of distant metastases emphasizes the need for systemically active therapy in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 .

title: Surgical adjuvant treatment of locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We report a prospective phase II clinical trial in 35 adult @entity1 (median age 40.5 years) with @entity1583 who received T cell-depleted, hematopoietic stem cell transplants from HLA-compatible, unrelated donors. The cytoreductive regimen consisted of hyperfractionated @entity348 , thiotepa, and @entity3118 . The preferred graft source was @entity1261 ( @entity1261 )-mobilized peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). PBSC were @entity43256 (+) selected, followed by @entity742 erythrocyte rosetting to deplete residual T cells. Anti-thymocyte globulin provided graft rejection prophylaxis. No additional @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis was planned. Estimated disease-free survival at 4 years is 56.8% for the entire group and 75% in @entity1 with standard-risk disease. The cumulative incidence of relapse is 6%. Acute @entity2132 grade II-III developed in 9% and chronic @entity2132 in 29% of @entity1 . @entity281 occurred in 5 of 35 (14%) @entity1 . There was 1 late graft failure. This study demonstrates durable engraftment with a low overall incidence of @entity2132 . Its curative potential is reflected in the remarkably low relapse rate at 4 years.

title: T cell-depleted unrelated donor stem cell transplantation provides favorable disease-free survival for adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Fatal infections']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total-body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematologic malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The intrinsic neural plexus of the @entity19 heart has not been adequately investigated despite the extensive use of this species in experimental cardiology. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of cholinergic, adrenergic, and sensory neural components in whole-mount @entity19 heart preparations using double immunohistochemical labeling. METHODS/RESULTS: Intrinsic neurons were concentrated within 19    3 ganglia (n = 20 @entity19 ) of varying size, scattered on the medial side of the inferior caval (caudal) vein on the right atrium and close to the pulmonary veins on the left atrium. Of a total of 1,082    160 neurons, most somata (83%) were @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) immunoreactive, whereas 4% were @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive; 14% of ganglionic cells were biphenotypic for @entity4268 and TH. The most intense @entity4268 staining was observed in axonal varicosities. @entity4268 was evident in nerve fibers interconnecting intrinsic ganglia. Both @entity4268 and TH immunoreactivity were abundant within the nerves accessing the heart. However, epicardial TH-immunoreactive nerve fibers were predominant on the dorsal and ventral left atrium, whereas most @entity4268 -positive axons proceeded on the heart base toward the large intrinsic ganglia and on the epicardium of the root of the right cranial vein. @entity10501 -positive and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibers were abundant on the epicardium and within ganglia adjacent to the heart hilum. Small intensely fluorescent cells were grouped into clusters of 3 to 8 and were dispersed within large ganglia or separately on the atrial and ventricular walls. CONCLUSION: Although some nerves and neuronal bundles of the @entity19 epicardial plexus are mixed, most express either adrenergic or cholinergic markers. Therefore, selective stimulation and/or ablation of the functionally distinct intrinsic neural pathways should allow the study of specific effects on cardiac function.

title: Immunohistochemical characterization of the intrinsic cardiac neural plexus in whole-mount XXXX heart preparations.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess left atrial (LA) strain during long-term follow-up after catheter ablation for @entity955 and to find predictors for LA reverse remodeling. BACKGROUND: The association between LA reverse remodeling and improvement in LA strain after catheter ablation has not been investigated thus far. METHODS: In 148 @entity1 undergoing catheter ablation for @entity955 , LA volumes and LA strain were assessed with echocardiography at baseline and after a mean of 13.2    6.7 months of follow-up. The study population was divided according to LA reverse remodeling at follow-up: responders were defined as @entity1 who exhibited 15% or more reduction in maximum LA volume at long-term follow-up. Left atrial systolic (LAs) strain was assessed with tissue Doppler imaging. RESULTS: At follow-up, 93 @entity1 (63%) were classified as responders, whereas 55 @entity1 (37%) were nonresponders. At baseline, LAs strain was significantly higher in the responders as compared with the nonresponders (19    8% vs. 14    6%; p = 0.001). Among the responders, a significant increase in LAs strain was noted from baseline to follow-up (from 19    8% to 22    9%; p < 0.05), whereas no change was noted among the nonresponders. LAs strain at baseline was an independent predictor of LA reverse remodeling (odds ratio: 1.813; 95% confidence interval: 1.102 to 2.982; p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, 63% of the @entity1 exhibited LA reverse remodeling after catheter ablation for @entity955 , with a concomitant improvement in LA strain. LA strain at baseline was an independent predictor of LA reverse remodeling.

title: Left atrial strain predicts reverse remodeling after catheter ablation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cryopreserved @entity1 heart valves are used in approximately 20% of the tissue heart valve procedures performed annually. The pathophysiology of allograft failure is not fully understood. The authors proposed the hypothesis that the rapid deterioration observed in some allograft heart valve recipients is caused by disruptive interstitial ice damage that occurs during cryopreservation and subsequently leads to accelerated @entity528 on implantation. METHODS: This hypothesis was tested by comparison of the standard commercial heart valve freezing method of cryopreservation and an ice-free, vitrification method of cryopreservation with fresh controls in a subcutaneous, juvenile @entity35 implant model of @entity730 . @entity460 concentration in explants was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. RESULTS: Statistically significant @entity730 (P<0.05) was observed in both syngeneic and allogeneic cryopreserved valves relative to fresh valves. The ice-free cryopreservation method demonstrated significant reduction of allogeneic @entity340 (P<0.01). Comparison of fresh syngeneic and allogeneic grafts at the 3-week time point demonstrated significantly higher @entity460 content in allograft valve explants (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that allogeneic valve @entity730 is influenced by two factors, the cryopreservation method used and immunogenicity. Alternative cryopreservation methods that avoid ice formation may improve the in vivo performance of cryopreserved allogeneic heart valves.

title: Mechanisms of bioprosthetic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['heart valve calcification']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['valve degeneration']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['heart valve calcification']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The role of additional surgery in @entity1 responding to radiation and chemotherapy for locally advanced @entity5 is controversial. The goal of this study was to compare disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of two groups of @entity1 , with or without additional surgery. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred and eleven @entity1 with advanced @entity5 who responded to chemoradiotherapy followed by brachytherapy were included in a retrospective, multicenter series. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 who had completion surgery (Group 1), 22.4% (15/67) had recurrence compared with 36.4% (16/44) of those who did not have surgery (Group 2). The difference is statistically significant (p=0.01). The relative risk of disease progression or @entity204 was 0.41 (95% confidence interval 0.20-0.85) (p=0.01) in favor of completion surgery. After multivariate analysis, only age, pathology and @entity5 size remained significant (respectively p=0.003, p=0.001 and p=0.03). Among the locations of recurrence in Group 1, 46.7% were pelvic (7/15) compared with 56.2% in Group 2 (9/16). In Group 1, 16.4% (11/67) of the @entity1 died of disease compared to 20.4% (9/44) in Group 2. Of these, 45.4% (5/11) in Group 1 died after pelvic recurrence as compared to 77.8% (7/9) in Group 2. CONCLUSION: Completion surgery does not improve OS but may improve DFS. There is no consensus regarding completion surgery in advanced @entity5 with a good response to the standard treatment but we think it is safer to propose it.

title: Completion surgery or not after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['initial tumor', 'cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the first report of a randomized, multicenter, clinical trial comparing the combination of @entity3446 or @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) with @entity1140 -based immunosuppression in kidney transplantation. Results at 6 months of follow-up are presented. METHODS: Before transplantation, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity1140 plus @entity288 with @entity3446 (n=185) or @entity2098 (n=176). The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection. @entity1 and graft survival, renal function, and composite endpoints also were evaluated. Safety was assessed by monitoring laboratory parameters and adverse events. RESULTS: By 6 months of follow-up, the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was similar in both treatment groups (13.0% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 11.4% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ; P=0.64 log-rank). @entity1 survival (97.3% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 97.7% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ) and graft survival (93.0% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 95.5% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ) were equivalent (P=0.53, overall survival log-rank). There was a significantly higher incidence of study drug discontinuation in @entity1 receiving @entity3446 (21.1% vs. 10.8%; P=0.008). Renal function was significantly better in the @entity2098 -treatment group (serum @entity1011 1.44+/-0.45 mg/dL vs. 1.77+/-1.42 mg/dL; P=0.018). @entity407 was significantly more prevalent in the @entity3446 -treatment group. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in @entity3446 -treated @entity1 . There were significantly more @entity1431 and gastrointestinal adverse events in the @entity2098 -treatment group. The incidence of @entity6 was 7.6% in the @entity3446 group and 7.7% in the @entity2098 group. CONCLUSION: @entity1140 is equally effective in renal transplantation when combined with @entity3446 or @entity2098 . The @entity1140 - @entity2098 combination may be superior in terms of improved renal function and improved cardiovascular risk factors including @entity407 and @entity101 .

title: Randomized trial of @entity1140 in combination with XXXX or @entity618 in kidney transplantation: results at 6 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia', 'hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['posttransplant diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the first report of a randomized, multicenter, clinical trial comparing the combination of @entity3446 or @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) with @entity1140 -based immunosuppression in kidney transplantation. Results at 6 months of follow-up are presented. METHODS: Before transplantation, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity1140 plus @entity288 with @entity3446 (n=185) or @entity2098 (n=176). The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection. @entity1 and graft survival, renal function, and composite endpoints also were evaluated. Safety was assessed by monitoring laboratory parameters and adverse events. RESULTS: By 6 months of follow-up, the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was similar in both treatment groups (13.0% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 11.4% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ; P=0.64 log-rank). @entity1 survival (97.3% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 97.7% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ) and graft survival (93.0% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 95.5% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ) were equivalent (P=0.53, overall survival log-rank). There was a significantly higher incidence of study drug discontinuation in @entity1 receiving @entity3446 (21.1% vs. 10.8%; P=0.008). Renal function was significantly better in the @entity2098 -treatment group (serum @entity1011 1.44+/-0.45 mg/dL vs. 1.77+/-1.42 mg/dL; P=0.018). @entity407 was significantly more prevalent in the @entity3446 -treatment group. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in @entity3446 -treated @entity1 . There were significantly more @entity1431 and gastrointestinal adverse events in the @entity2098 -treatment group. The incidence of @entity6 was 7.6% in the @entity3446 group and 7.7% in the @entity2098 group. CONCLUSION: @entity1140 is equally effective in renal transplantation when combined with @entity3446 or @entity2098 . The @entity1140 - @entity2098 combination may be superior in terms of improved renal function and improved cardiovascular risk factors including @entity407 and @entity101 .

title: Randomized trial of XXXX in combination with @entity3446 or @entity618 in kidney transplantation: results at 6 months.

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the first report of a randomized, multicenter, clinical trial comparing the combination of @entity3446 or @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) with @entity1140 -based immunosuppression in kidney transplantation. Results at 6 months of follow-up are presented. METHODS: Before transplantation, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity1140 plus @entity288 with @entity3446 (n=185) or @entity2098 (n=176). The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection. @entity1 and graft survival, renal function, and composite endpoints also were evaluated. Safety was assessed by monitoring laboratory parameters and adverse events. RESULTS: By 6 months of follow-up, the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was similar in both treatment groups (13.0% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 11.4% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ; P=0.64 log-rank). @entity1 survival (97.3% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 97.7% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ) and graft survival (93.0% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 95.5% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ) were equivalent (P=0.53, overall survival log-rank). There was a significantly higher incidence of study drug discontinuation in @entity1 receiving @entity3446 (21.1% vs. 10.8%; P=0.008). Renal function was significantly better in the @entity2098 -treatment group (serum @entity1011 1.44+/-0.45 mg/dL vs. 1.77+/-1.42 mg/dL; P=0.018). @entity407 was significantly more prevalent in the @entity3446 -treatment group. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in @entity3446 -treated @entity1 . There were significantly more @entity1431 and gastrointestinal adverse events in the @entity2098 -treatment group. The incidence of @entity6 was 7.6% in the @entity3446 group and 7.7% in the @entity2098 group. CONCLUSION: @entity1140 is equally effective in renal transplantation when combined with @entity3446 or @entity2098 . The @entity1140 - @entity2098 combination may be superior in terms of improved renal function and improved cardiovascular risk factors including @entity407 and @entity101 .

title: Randomized trial of @entity1140 in combination with @entity3446 or XXXX in kidney transplantation: results at 6 months.

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A report of inflammatory damage when islets come into contact with allogeneic blood prompted us to confirm the finding. METHODS: Fresh handpicked @entity1 islets were incubated in blood group matched, nonsensitized allogeneic blood. Destruction was quantified by assaying the supernatants for @entity2690 release and by blood clot histology. The effect on global hemostasis was assessed by thromboelastography (TEG), and heparin-bonded tubing was used to assess the effect on blood cellular counts. In separate experiments, islets were incubated in allogeneic blood with heparin or Reopro (monoclonal anti-GpIIbIIIa). Islets were also incubated in serum, and cryosections were stained for @entity6300 , C4, C3, C5b-9, immunoglobulin (Ig)M, and IgG binding using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Histologic assessment showed severe destruction in 37% of islets in contact with allogeneic blood versus none in controls and a sevenfold increase in @entity2690 release from controls (n = 6)(P < 0.005). TEG (n = 11) showed accelerated coagulation in the presence of islets (P < 0.001). Analysis of blood cellular counts (n = 3) showed consumption of platelets, neutrophils, and monocytes in the presence of islets (P < 0.001). Inhibition of coagulation with heparin (n = 3) or inhibition of @entity1423 with Reopro (n = 3), separately or together (n = 3), did not make a substantial improvement in the destruction in terms of histology or @entity2690 release. Immunohistochemical staining (n = 4) revealed @entity6300 , C4, C3, and C5b-9 deposition along with IgG binding. IgM binding was weak if anything. CONCLUSION: This study confirms and extends the finding that @entity1 islet-allogeneic blood interaction results in significant destruction of islet tissue with activation of the coagulation cascade and platelet, neutrophil, and monocyte consumption. There was evidence for activation of complement by the classical pathway along with IgG binding.

title: Adverse outcome of XXXX islet-allogeneic blood interaction.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2004, the Japanese government halted the 6-month mass screening program for @entity521 . We investigated whether its cessation had led to an increase not only in mortality due to this disease but also in the incidence of advanced-stage disease among older @entity1 . METHODS: Study subjects were @entity521 @entity1 retrieved from the population-based Osaka Cancer Registry. Trends of incidence and mortality from @entity521 were analyzed by calendar year and birth cohort. Prognostic factors, including stage and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene @entity521 derived homolog ( @entity4180 ) oncogene status, were compared before and after the cessation of mass screening. RESULTS: Age-standardized incidence rates in 2005-2009 (the cessation period of mass screening; 11.1 per million) were similar to those in 1975-1979 (the pre-screening period; 8.6 per million). Age-standardized mortality rates tended to decrease from 1975-1979 (4.0 per million) to 2005-2009 (2.7 per million) in parallel with the improvement in survival. Analysis by birth cohort indicated that the mortality rates in 2004-2005 (after cessation) for @entity1 0-4 years of age were lower than those in 1975-1979 (O:E ratio 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.90). For @entity1 1-9 years of age, there was a not significant difference in the distribution of stage, @entity4180 oncogene status, and DNA ploidy between 1991-2003 (the mass screening period) and 2004-2008 (after cessation). CONCLUSIONS: The cessation of mass screening for @entity521 does not appear to have increased mortality due to this disease or incidence of advanced-stage disease among older @entity1 .

title: Effects of the Cessation of Mass Screening for XXXX at 6 Months of Age: A Population-Based Study in Osaka, Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['Neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of @entity3446 plus @entity230 as a maintenance regimen with or without small-dose @entity205 ( @entity870 ) adjunctive therapy in renal transplant recipients. METHODS: A total of 133 recipients of kidney allograft transplantations recruited in the United Kingdom and Ireland were enrolled into the study and are presented in this interim analysis. In the first 3 months, all @entity1 received CsA plus @entity3446 and small-dose @entity230 after transplantation. At 3 months, @entity1 were randomized 1:1 to CsA elimination (e)CsA or CsA dose minimization (m)CsA. Dosing of agents was concentration-controlled and open label. RESULTS: @entity1 and graft survival were 97.7% and 95.5%, respectively (n = 133), whereas the biopsy-proven acute rejection rate in the first 6 months was 19.5% (26 episodes in 133 @entity1 ); incidents of acute rejection rates comprised 22 episodes (16.5%) during the first 3 months of the study and four episodes (3%) after randomization. Eighty-seven @entity1 were randomized to receive eCsA or mCsA. At 6 months, @entity1011 clearance was significantly higher in the eCsA group versus mCsA group, respectively (65 mL/min vs. 57 mL/min; P = 0.027). There was no significant difference in serum @entity165 , @entity1674 , low-density lipoprotein, or high-density lipoprotein levels between the groups. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that withdrawal of CsA from a small-dose @entity3446 maintenance regimen is safe and is associated with an improvement in renal function. The study also suggests that the addition of small-dose CsA to a @entity3446 maintenance regimen does not increase immunosuppressive efficacy.

title: A phase III prospective, randomized study to evaluate concentration-controlled @entity3446 (rapamune) with XXXX dose minimization or elimination at six months in de novo renal allograft recipients.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of @entity3446 plus @entity230 as a maintenance regimen with or without small-dose @entity205 ( @entity870 ) adjunctive therapy in renal transplant recipients. METHODS: A total of 133 recipients of kidney allograft transplantations recruited in the United Kingdom and Ireland were enrolled into the study and are presented in this interim analysis. In the first 3 months, all @entity1 received CsA plus @entity3446 and small-dose @entity230 after transplantation. At 3 months, @entity1 were randomized 1:1 to CsA elimination (e)CsA or CsA dose minimization (m)CsA. Dosing of agents was concentration-controlled and open label. RESULTS: @entity1 and graft survival were 97.7% and 95.5%, respectively (n = 133), whereas the biopsy-proven acute rejection rate in the first 6 months was 19.5% (26 episodes in 133 @entity1 ); incidents of acute rejection rates comprised 22 episodes (16.5%) during the first 3 months of the study and four episodes (3%) after randomization. Eighty-seven @entity1 were randomized to receive eCsA or mCsA. At 6 months, @entity1011 clearance was significantly higher in the eCsA group versus mCsA group, respectively (65 mL/min vs. 57 mL/min; P = 0.027). There was no significant difference in serum @entity165 , @entity1674 , low-density lipoprotein, or high-density lipoprotein levels between the groups. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate that withdrawal of CsA from a small-dose @entity3446 maintenance regimen is safe and is associated with an improvement in renal function. The study also suggests that the addition of small-dose CsA to a @entity3446 maintenance regimen does not increase immunosuppressive efficacy.

title: A phase III prospective, randomized study to evaluate concentration-controlled XXXX (rapamune) with @entity205 dose minimization or elimination at six months in de novo renal allograft recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to pinpoint @entity5344 risk. Clinical @entity5 genetics include: diagnostic @entity5 genetics, @entity5 genetic counseling and management of @entity1 at high risk of developing @entity5344 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: An update of documented data was performed in order to assess our current knowledge about @entity5344 . RESULTS: Most @entity0 ( @entity0 ) are sporadic while 5-10% are estimated to be due to an inherited predisposition. Rare autosomal dominant alteration in two genes, @entity5345 and @entity2674 , which confer a high risk of developing @entity43 (OC), are likely to account for most families with multiple cases of early-onset @entity0 and OC, but only 3-4% of all @entity0 . The estimations of their prevalence and penetrance vary greatly, depending on the population studied, the study design, statistical methods and the sensitivity of technical methods for detection of mutations. Penetrance can be very high, but incomplete (maximum 80%). Penetrance and age at onset of the same mutation show great variability within and between @entity0 families. This could be due to the effects of other genetic as well as non-genetic factors that are being studied. The heterogeneity of families makes the identification of other high-risk genes difficult. Additive effects of several susceptibility genes could explain much more @entity0 in the general population (polygenic models). Molecular diagnoses have become feasible. Specific consultations in oncogenetics help clinicians and @entity1 understand hereditary components, establish molecular diagnoses, provide guidelines for a better surveillance of @entity1 at high risk of developing @entity0 , OC or both and reassure the mutation non-carriers. The strategies of management and treatment of @entity0 and OC in mutation carriers remain under discussion and it is is difficult to choose preventive options. CONCLUSION: Inherited @entity0 or OC due to a mutation in @entity5345 or @entity2674 are rare in the general population. However, @entity1 and @entity1 have the right to be informed of the possibilities concerning presymptomatic testing, risk assessment, surveillance, prevention and psychological support with respect to the potential benefits and limitations. Other large prospective studies are needed to validate rapidly the methods of surveillance and prevention in this group at "high risk" in order to adapt them to very large populations. However, predictive medicine should be used with care.

title: [Clinical and molecular diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['BC and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['familial breast and/or ovarian cancer', 'breast and/or ovarian cancer', 'inherited breast-ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['inherited breast-ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) counteracts several mechanisms involved in the restenotic process after coronary angioplasty. NO mediates an antiproliferative effect on smooth muscle cells, inhibition of leukocyte-vessel wall interactions, and @entity1423 and adhesion. Because these effects are mainly dose dependent, NO-releasing drugs have to be applied at a high dose to have an effect on restenotic mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of the NO donor @entity17728 at a high dose of 8 mg tid on angiographic restenosis rate in a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-six @entity1 with de novo @entity850 were randomly assigned to @entity17728 or placebo treatment for six months (83 @entity1 each). The primary end point was the angiographic restenosis rate at six months. The secondary end points were major adverse @entity299 (MACE) including death, @entity583 and revascularization. Analyses were performed by intention to treat. RESULTS: There were no differences in clinical, procedural and angiographic data, including minimum lumen diameter and reference diameter. Provisional stenting was performed in 28% of @entity1 receiving @entity17728 and 25% of @entity1 treated with placebo. All other @entity1 were treated with standard balloon angioplasty. Reangiography rate was 89.3% ( @entity17728 90 lesions, placebo 97 lesions). @entity256 rate (greater than 50% diameter @entity850 ) was not significantly different ( @entity17728 25.6% and placebo 29.9%). @entity1 receiving @entity17728 improved significantly more in their anginal class than @entity1 receiving placebo (P<0.026). Occurrence of MACE did not significantly differ between both groups ( @entity17728 26.8% and placebo 34.9%, P=0.26). CONCLUSION: Treatment with the NO donor @entity17728 at a high dose of 8 mg tid for six months after coronary angioplasty has no effect on the angiographic restenosis rate. Due to the vasodilating effect of NO, the anginal status improves slightly more in @entity1 receiving @entity17728 .

title: No effect of highly dosed @entity842 donor XXXX on the angiographic restenosis rate after percutaneous coronary angioplasty: a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity17728 :: ('MESH:D008981', 'Chemical') :: ['molsidomine']

answer: @entity17728 :: (MESH:D008981,Chemical) :: ['molsidomine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) counteracts several mechanisms involved in the restenotic process after coronary angioplasty. NO mediates an antiproliferative effect on smooth muscle cells, inhibition of leukocyte-vessel wall interactions, and @entity1423 and adhesion. Because these effects are mainly dose dependent, NO-releasing drugs have to be applied at a high dose to have an effect on restenotic mechanisms. OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of the NO donor @entity17728 at a high dose of 8 mg tid on angiographic restenosis rate in a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-six @entity1 with de novo @entity850 were randomly assigned to @entity17728 or placebo treatment for six months (83 @entity1 each). The primary end point was the angiographic restenosis rate at six months. The secondary end points were major adverse @entity299 (MACE) including death, @entity583 and revascularization. Analyses were performed by intention to treat. RESULTS: There were no differences in clinical, procedural and angiographic data, including minimum lumen diameter and reference diameter. Provisional stenting was performed in 28% of @entity1 receiving @entity17728 and 25% of @entity1 treated with placebo. All other @entity1 were treated with standard balloon angioplasty. Reangiography rate was 89.3% ( @entity17728 90 lesions, placebo 97 lesions). @entity256 rate (greater than 50% diameter @entity850 ) was not significantly different ( @entity17728 25.6% and placebo 29.9%). @entity1 receiving @entity17728 improved significantly more in their anginal class than @entity1 receiving placebo (P<0.026). Occurrence of MACE did not significantly differ between both groups ( @entity17728 26.8% and placebo 34.9%, P=0.26). CONCLUSION: Treatment with the NO donor @entity17728 at a high dose of 8 mg tid for six months after coronary angioplasty has no effect on the angiographic restenosis rate. Due to the vasodilating effect of NO, the anginal status improves slightly more in @entity1 receiving @entity17728 .

title: No effect of highly dosed XXXX donor @entity17728 on the angiographic restenosis rate after percutaneous coronary angioplasty: a randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1712 , Hand-Sch  ller-Christian disease an @entity1222 are characterised by ideopathic proliferation of histiocytes producing focal or systemic manifestations. Definitive diagnosis of @entity22964 is made by histopathology including immunohistochemical detection of @entity2281 and @entity4896 antigens. In general these diseases are summarised under the term @entity1222 ( @entity1222 ). The localised form of @entity1222 , in which the disease is limited to bones, lymphatic nodes or the lung, is commonly referred to as @entity1712 . Surgical excision, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, either alone or in combination, are the main treatment options. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a nine-year old @entity1 with an extended @entity1712 of left temporal bone. The @entity1 was submitted to a chemotherapeutic protocol with glucocorticoids, @entity5713 and @entity2879 . Until today a successful treatment and a complete remission for one year can be reported. CONCLUSIONS: Unifocal @entity1712 is usually treated by local excision and low-dose irradiation. However treatment with the chemotherapeutic protocol offered an excellent alternative avoiding extensive surgical destruction of the temporal bone in this case.

title: [ XXXX of the temporal bone. Case report and literature review].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma', 'Eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity22964 :: ('MESH:D015614', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans-cell histiocytosis', 'Letterer-Siwe disease', 'LCH']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic granuloma']


abstract: To our knowledge, the relationship between all four endogenous female sex hormones and resting cardiac autonomic function has not been studied. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between the normal endogenous levels of @entity2931 ( @entity53 ), @entity1420 , luteinising hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone and heart rate variability (HRV) during the menstrual cycle in young eumenorrheic @entity1 . Ten healthy, young, female subjects volunteered for this study. HRV and endogenous hormone levels were recorded at three phases of the menstrual cycle: menses (day 3.8 +/- 0.5), ovulation (day 15.8 +/- 0.7) and luteal (day 22.1 +/- 0.4) to ensure HRV recordings at times of low (menses) and high (ovulation and luteal) hormonal influence. Heart rate recordings were obtained from supine resting subjects and analysed on a Holter analysis system. Total power (TP, 0-1.0 Hz), low frequency (LF, 0.041-0.15 Hz), high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.80 Hz) and LF/HF components of HRV were examined. Despite a significantly greater HR at ovulation and normal cyclic variations in all endogenous sex hormone levels, no measure of HRV was significantly different between menstrual cycle phases. Significant correlations between @entity2931 levels and absolute measures of HRV at ovulation were identified. The results of the current study demonstrated that the normal cyclic variations in endogenous sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle were not significantly associated with changes in cardiac autonomic control as measured by HRV. Significant correlation between peak @entity2931 levels and HRV measures at ovulation provided further support for the reported cardioprotective effects of @entity2931 in healthy females.

title: Heart rate variability and endogenous sex hormones during the menstrual cycle in young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS; Kessler et al. 1994) was a nationwide household survey of the U.S. population designed to produce data on the prevalence and correlates of @entity146 . The NCS dataset is now in public-use format and continues to be widely used for ongoing research efforts. The NCS dataset included a set of 14 items that have face validity as a measure of current @entity147 ( @entity308 and @entity148 ) and could serve as a potentially useful continuous measure of @entity458 . However, there have been no published studies on its psychometric properties and this measure has not yet been utilized by researchers using the NCS dataset. This paper provides an evaluation of the psychometric properties of the NCS Distress Index. METHOD: The NCS Part II public-use dataset (N = 5877) was used. Detailed diagnostic information was collected along with 14 items assessing current @entity458 and measures of @entity663 and Openness to Experience. RESULTS: The NCS Distress Index was found to be internally consistent (Alpha = 0.92) and a series of principal-components analyses demonstrated that the measure is most accurately conceptualized as a single-factor measure of general distress. The construct validity of the Distress Index was supported by its associations with the measures of @entity663 and Openness to Experience. A series of comparisons between diagnostic groups also supported the construct validity of the measure. For example, those with disorders characterized by depressed mood and worry scored higher on the Distress Index than those with disorders characterized by fear and hyperarousal. CONCLUSIONS: The NCS Distress Index is a psychometrically sound measure of current @entity147 . Future studies utilizing the NCS public-use dataset could potentially benefit from the inclusion of this measure in addition to more commonly investigated categorical variables such as diagnosable disorders.

title: Psychometric properties of an index of XXXX in the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroticism']

answer: @entity147 :: (MESH:D005316,Disease) :: ['emotional distress']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term histological changes in @entity95 retina damaged by infusion air during vitrectomy. METHODS: Fourteen eyes of 14 @entity95 were used. A standard three-port vitrectomy with @entity20699 followed by fluid-air exchange was performed. After the fluid-air exchange, one side port was kept open for 30 s to freely introduce the air into the vitreous cavity under a pressure of 40 mmHg. Four weeks after surgery, @entity3194 angiography and histological examination were performed. RESULTS: At the air-infused area, @entity3194 angiography revealed the filling delay of the choroidal circulation in the early phase. The retinal surface was smooth and the internal limiting membrane was revealed to be intact by scanning electron microscopy. Light microscopy documented the thinning of the photoreceptor layer in the air-infused area. Transmission electron microscopy showed the disarrangement of the retinal pigment epithelium and loss of choriocapillaries. CONCLUSION: Infusion air during vitrectomy causes long-term outer @entity989 after surgery. Thinning of the photoreceptor cells, disarrangement of the retinal pigment epithelium and loss of choriocapillaries reflect the findings that we have observed previously in clinical cases. @entity227 is a complication of vitreous surgery using fluid-air exchange. Although the @entity227 were observed just after surgery, abnormal @entity3217 continued to appear over time after the surgical procedure.

title: Long-term alteration in the air-infused XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual field defect', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['artificial posterior vitreous detachment']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['fundus lesions']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal damage']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: GOALS: To describe patterns of antidepressant (ADs) prescribing in community oncology practice. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were collected using an electronic medical record on all staged breast, colon, and @entity2 @entity1 in three community-based oncology practices. The data were analyzed retrospectively, using descriptive and bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression modeling. There were 850 breast, 299 colon, and 473 @entity2 @entity1 identified in this analysis. MAIN RESULTS: Overall, 19.2% of breast, 11% of colon, and 13.7% of @entity2 @entity1 had been prescribed ADs during the 2-year period. The clinic in which @entity5 treatment was received predicted @entity195 prescribing. The relationship between @entity195 administration and age proved to be nonlinear; the pattern exhibited an "inverted U" shape. @entity1 with comorbidities and on @entity158 medications were more likely to be administered ADs. @entity694 @entity1 on @entity158 medications were five times more likely to be administered ADs than those not on @entity158 medications. CONCLUSIONS: While some predictors of @entity195 prescribing appear to be consistent with other studies, such as being on @entity158 medication, there is still a great amount of variability in prescribing patterns across community practices, age groups, and @entity5 diagnoses. This study demonstrates that prescriptions of ADs seem to be influenced by parameters other than psychopathology. Given the importance of @entity308 in oncology care, diagnosis of @entity146 and prescription patterns of psychotropics should be part of the routine monitoring and quality management in oncology @entity1 care.

title: Antidepressant prescribing in community XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Despite effectiveness of standard chemotherapy regimens, complete responses are infrequent in @entity8057 ( @entity8057 ) and there are no cures. Since @entity8057 shares certain biological and clinical features with @entity1582 , including responsiveness to alkylating agents, evaluation of high-dose therapy (HDT) with transplant, which is effective in @entity1582 , is an obvious next step in an effort to achieve high response rates and improve survival. Due to the indolent nature of the disease and older @entity1 with comorbidities, such evaluations have been infrequent in the past. We have evaluated the safety and efficacy of high-dose melphalan with peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) support in eight @entity1 between the ages of 45 and 69 years with @entity8057 . Adequate numbers of stem cells were collected in six @entity1 ; however, two @entity1 with more extensive prior @entity3118 therapy failed to collect adequate cells and required a second attempt at stem cell collection. Seven @entity1 were treated with @entity3601 200 mg/m(2), including two @entity1 who received tandem transplants; one @entity1 received melphalan 140 mg/m(2) with @entity348 ( @entity348 ). There was no treatment-related mortality and @entity137 were manageable. Recovery of bone marrow after transplant was prompt except in one @entity1 with extensive prior use of @entity3118 . All the eight @entity1 achieved at least partial response (PR), including one complete response (CR). Five @entity1 are alive and with out relapse (77+ to 6+ months post-transplant). Other investigators have reported similar experience suggesting safety and efficacy of HDT in @entity8057 . However, therapy with @entity10043 analogues leads to stem cell damage with decreased ability to collect adequate numbers of stem cells. This suggests that the PBSCs should preferably be procured prior to extensive use of @entity10043 analogues. Future strategies in @entity8057 will include a plan to evaluate the role of HDT along with biological agents, role of purging using rituximab, post-HDT maintenance strategies (including immunotherapy), and evaluation of nonmyeloablative regimens containing @entity3118 to achieve higher response rates and improve survival.

title: Role for high-dose therapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell support in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['WM', "Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia"]

answer: @entity8057 :: (MESH:D008258,Disease) :: ['Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia']


abstract: @entity8057 ( @entity8057 ) is a @entity1071 characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and a monoclonal IgM serum peak. Treatment includes cytotoxic chemotherapy with alkylators, or purine @entity2353 analogues and monoclonal anti- @entity2225 antibody. The role of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in @entity8057 has not been established. We identified 24 published cases of @entity8057 treated with high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous @entity8 (ASCT). The median age was 50 years; half of the @entity1 had refractory disease and received a variety of preparative regimens. Nine complete and 14 partial responses were observed, with one @entity204 . Fifteen @entity1 were alive and well at follow-ups ranging from 1 to 132 months. Six additional @entity1 , with a median age of 45 years (range, 30 to 62), who received allogeneic @entity8 have been reported. All were heavily pretreated with refractory or @entity66 . Median time from diagnosis to transplant was 3.1 years (range, 1.3 to 7). Two @entity1 died of complications of the procedure while one died of disease progression. Three @entity1 were alive and well between 5 and 112 months post-transplant. The small number of reported @entity1 precludes any significant conclusion except that @entity8 is feasible in @entity8057 and long-term disease control can be achieved in selected @entity1 with autologous or allogeneic @entity8 , even in those with refractory disease.

title: Autologous and allogeneic XXXX in @entity8057 : review of the literature and future directions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['stem cell transplantation']


abstract: @entity8057 ( @entity8057 ) is a @entity1071 characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and a monoclonal IgM serum peak. Treatment includes cytotoxic chemotherapy with alkylators, or purine @entity2353 analogues and monoclonal anti- @entity2225 antibody. The role of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in @entity8057 has not been established. We identified 24 published cases of @entity8057 treated with high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by autologous @entity8 (ASCT). The median age was 50 years; half of the @entity1 had refractory disease and received a variety of preparative regimens. Nine complete and 14 partial responses were observed, with one @entity204 . Fifteen @entity1 were alive and well at follow-ups ranging from 1 to 132 months. Six additional @entity1 , with a median age of 45 years (range, 30 to 62), who received allogeneic @entity8 have been reported. All were heavily pretreated with refractory or @entity66 . Median time from diagnosis to transplant was 3.1 years (range, 1.3 to 7). Two @entity1 died of complications of the procedure while one died of disease progression. Three @entity1 were alive and well between 5 and 112 months post-transplant. The small number of reported @entity1 precludes any significant conclusion except that @entity8 is feasible in @entity8057 and long-term disease control can be achieved in selected @entity1 with autologous or allogeneic @entity8 , even in those with refractory disease.

title: Autologous and allogeneic @entity8 in XXXX : review of the literature and future directions.

answer: @entity8057 :: (MESH:D008258,Disease) :: ['Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Findings from studies in the @entity130 literature suggest that thoracic computed tomography (TCT) scanning should replace conventional radiographs as an initial imaging modality. Limited data exist on the clinical utility and cost of TCT scans in pediatric @entity130 . Our current practice is to obtain TCT scans in those @entity1 at risk for @entity1514 . The purpose of this study is to examine what additional information TCT provides, how frequently it results in a change in clinical management, and a cost/benefit analysis. METHODS: @entity1 18 years old and younger that had both a Chest x-ray (CXR) and TCT scan in their initial workup were included. Indications for TCT scan were (1) any sign of @entity764 on CXR, (2) pathologic findings on physical examination of the chest, and (3) high impact force to chest wall. A @entity1 may have had one or more indications for a TCT scan. RESULTS: Between 1996 and 2000, 45 of 1,638 @entity130 @entity1 met study criteria. Indications for TCT included @entity764 on CXR (n = 27), findings on physical examination (n = 8) and high-impact force (n = 33). In 18 of the 45 (40%), injuries were detected with TCT imaging but not on CXR. These included contusions (n = 12), hemothorax (n = 6), pneumothorax (n = 5), widened @entity6830 (n = 4), rib @entity174 (n = 2), @entity397 (n = 1), and @entity130 (n = 1). In 8 @entity1 (17.7%) TCT imaging resulted in a change in clinical management. These included insertion of a chest tube (n = 5) aortography (n = 2) and operation (n = 1). Age, sex, injury severity score, mechanism, and indication for TCT could not predict differences between TCT and CXR (P >.05). In our institution, the cost of a TCT is  200, and the @entity1 charge is  906 ( 94 per CXR). Based on our study data 200 TCTs would need to be done for each clinically significant change, increasing @entity1 ( 180,000) and hospital ( 39,600) costs. CONCLUSIONS: Helical TCT is a highly sensitive imaging modality for the thoracic cavity; however, routine CXR still provides clinically valuable information for the initial @entity130 evaluation at minimal cost. TCT should be reserved for selected cases and not as a primary imaging tool.

title: Should helical CT scanning of the thoracic cavity replace the conventional chest x-ray as a primary assessment tool in pediatric XXXX ? An efficacy and cost analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injures']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injury']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic rupture']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity4837 derives from an initial insufficiency of all processes which metabolize hydrophobic @entity648 into diglucuronide excretable in bile. The term 'neonatal @entity3638 ' should only be used when there is a potential risk of @entity648 intoxication. Thus, the concept @entity3638 is not necessarily linked to the exceeding of a certain threshold value, but rather to the maturity of the @entity1 and its clinical condition. In this sense, @entity3638 is, therefore, always a syndrome requiring treatment. Besides substitution transfusion, which is highly effective per se, but risky and costly, enzyme induction (e.g., by administration of @entity109 ) represents an elegant causal therapy; however, because of its slow onset of action, it has to be given prophylactically to almost all newborns. In addition, this method requires a general induction of all microsomal enzyme systems, and is hence a major intervention in the process of maturation of the neonatal enzyme systems. Therefore, phototherapy must be regarded as the treatment of choice in cases of @entity4629 . It leads to a bypassing of the hepatic enzyme insufficiency in that by interaction between light with a wavelength of around 460 nm and the @entity648 molecules in the skin, an isomeric, water-soluble, renally secretable @entity648 is produced. The effect of phototherapy, i.e., the reduction in the serum @entity648 concentration under phototherapy, may be described as a simple e-function. The evaluation of this regular occurrence provides important information applicable to the phototherapy procedure: it should not be initiated prematurely, the duration of radiation should be as short as possible, the irradiated surface as large as possible, the radiation source should be exploited to a maximum by keeping the distance from the light source short and using lateral reflectors. As supporting measures intestinal lavage, early oral administration of @entity413 or oligosaccharide solution and possibly in some cases also @entity1 albumin are very useful.

title: [Treatment of XXXX by efficient phototherapy].

entities_list: @entity4629 :: ('MESH:D051556', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic neonatal hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic neonatal jaundice']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity4837 :: (MESH:D007567,Disease) :: ['neonatal jaundice']


abstract: We reported a case of @entity9933 ( @entity9933 ) that was diagnosed during surgery. A female @entity1 , weighing 1,104 g, was born at the 29 weeks of gestation. She showed severe @entity649 without crying. Oxygenation was improved by mask ventilation, but tracheal intubation was very difficult. @entity4501 ( @entity4501 ) was suspected because significant amount of air from nasogastric tube was noticed. Physical examination and X-ray findings suggested Gross E type @entity4501 , duodenal @entity1146 and cloaca. On the second day of life, ligation of TEE gastrostomy and colostomy were scheduled. Although operation was started without problems, ventilation became impossible when @entity4501 was clamped and release of clamping made it possible. Bronchoscopic investigation revealed that tracheal tube was located in the esophagus. We have never doubted the esophageal intubation, because @entity1 was ventilated preoperatively and signs of @entity649 were successfully treated by the surfactant replacement therapy through tracheal tube. Type II @entity9933 according to Floyd's classification was diagnosed by bronchoscopic and echographic investigations. Distal esophageal ligation, gastrostomy and esophagostomy were performed. She died on the 12th day of life in spite of vigorous ventilatory and cardiovascular support.

title: [Case of XXXX found during surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['TEF', 'Tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity9933 :: ('MESH:C536975', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal agenesis', 'TA']

answer: @entity9933 :: (MESH:C536975,Disease) :: ['tracheal agenesis']


abstract: The osteosynthesis of @entity173 requires a minimal invasive technique to guarantee fully weight bearing and early rehabilitation in elderly @entity1 . In this retrospective study we want to prove if the gamma nail meets all requirements and if the results improved after initiation of the new instrumentarium and standardization of the operative technique. From January 1992 until April 2000 we treated 387 @entity1 with a gamma nail. The average age was 79.4 years. We used the new instrumentarium suitable for radiography since June 1996, the operative technique was standardized since the same time. The evaluation occurred on the basis of clinical and radiological findings included analysis of complications. We've seen intraoperative problems in 29% before June 1996, this rate could be reduced to 9%. @entity260 presented in equal frequency. After improvement of the technique dislocations of the neck screw and relevant sinking of the @entity174 were more rarely. The rate of reoperations after complications of the implant was 8% in both groups. In consideration of technical standards the postoperative full weight bearing and early mobilisation is possible even in old @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX with the gamma nail].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['trochanteric fractures']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['General postoperative complications']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['trochanteric fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The main objective of surgery of @entity189 is to avoid a permanent colostomy by sphincter-sparing surgical procedures. A variety of different abdominoperineal resection rates is described in the literature. MATERIAL/METHOD: The study was performed in 2000 within the framework of a multicentric study including 282 hospitals. The purpose of the study was to document the quality of diagnosis and therapy for @entity14 .A total of 9477 @entity1 were included in this study: 3402 suffering from a @entity189 and 6075 suffering from a @entity694 . RESULTS: A total of 866 abdominoperineal resections was performed. This corresponds to an abdominoperineal resection rate of 27.4%. In 30.4% of all @entity1 and in 23.0% of all @entity1 an abdominoperineal resection was performed. Of all @entity5 @entity1 who underwent abdominoperineal resection, 8.3% had a pT4 @entity189 and 57.5% a pT3 @entity189 . Adapted to the localization of the @entity5 in the rectum, i.e., the distance of the @entity5 margin to the anal verge, the following abdominoperineal resection rates were found: <4 cm from the anal verge 84.6%, 4-7.9 cm 43.9%, 8-11.9 cm 5.8%, and 12-16 cm 0.5%. @entity3816 occurred in 11.8%, specific @entity260 in 33.1%, and general @entity260 in 27.4% of the @entity1 . The postoperative lethality was 2.8%. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 21.7 days. Logistic regression identified the body mass index, gender, the distance of the @entity189 from the anal verge, and the T category as independent factors influencing the abdominoperineal resection rate. DISCUSSION: Despite an overall decrease in use, abdominoperineal resection will continue to play an important role for the surgical treatment of @entity5 in routine clinical practice in Germany. It will remain an individual decision for each @entity1 whether the @entity5 and the @entity1 allow sphincter preservation or whether abdominoperineal resection seems to be necessary. According to the results of the present study,a general definition of an abdominoperineal resection rate in an unselected group of @entity1 should be viewed critically.

title: [Importance of rectal extirpation for the therapy concept of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'aboral tumor', 'low rectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinomas', 'rectal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['low rectal cancers']


abstract: Previous studies have suggested that maintained vagal stimulation or @entity934 infusion results in a fade of responses in the sinoatrial node but not in the @entity713 , implying different muscarinic receptor subtypes in the two regions. We investigated this hypothesis in 23 isolated @entity95 atrial preparations made quiescent by continuous superfusion with @entity1855 (1 microgram/ml). Transmembrane potentials were recorded simultaneously from cells in the sinoatrial pacemaker region and from the "N" region of the @entity713 . Postganglionic vagal stimulation was achieved by the application of trains of pulses (50-150 microseconds; 10-20 V; 200 Hz). Simultaneous application of long-lasting (1-10 sec) vagal trains produced hyperpolarizations which were nearly identical for both nodal regions. Maximal hyperpolarizations (approximately or equal to 24 mV for sinoatrial node; 26 mV for @entity713 ) were reached about 500 msec after initiation of the vagal train. Thereafter, hyperpolarizations faded, following a biphasic time course, and thus displaying two different time constants, one fast (tau fast = 580 msec for sinoatrial node; 550 msec for @entity713 ), and one slow (tau slow = 9.2 sec for both sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes). Hyperpolarizations during brief (200-msec) but repetitive vagal trains also faded biphasically, but approached a steady state much more rapidly than responses to long-lasting trains. Recovery from hyperpolarization decay occurred rather slowly and was linear. Our results demonstrate that the membrane potential responses to vagal stimulation in the @entity713 are indistinguishable from those in the sinoatrial node, and suggest that similar muscarinic receptors are operative in both regions. These phenomena may play an important role in the response of the cardiac conducting system to direct or reflexly mediated vagal input.

title: "Fade" of hyperpolarizing responses to vagal stimulation at the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes of the XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular node']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large-scale screening in @entity726 diagnosis is expensive and time consuming. Sequential classification strategies can provide an effective combination of time-efficiency and diagnostic accuracy for @entity726 screening. METHODS: In a cross-sectional clinical study, a sequential diagnostic strategy, based on several psychophysical and electrophysiological tests, was evaluated on measurements from 595 eyes from 310 @entity1 with primary @entity1538 , and 419 eyes from 213 control subjects (age range 18-70 years in each group). @entity1 and controls successively underwent up to five psychophysical and electrophysiological diagnostic tests. Optic disc morphometry was taken as gold standard. Adapting group sequential techniques, sensitivity and specificity for the whole diagnostic program were controlled, allotting overall error rates of 10%. The criteria for the diagnostic process were developed in a learning sample (677 eyes) and verified in a validation sample (337 eyes). RESULTS: In the validation sample, 62.0% of the examined eyes could be classified, using a sequential 15-min two-step program. An overall 13.6% "gain" of saved time, compared to non-sequential discriminant analysis, was achieved without loss of diagnostic accuracy. A sequential 45-min five-step program classified 68.8% of the whole sample before morphometry, saving approximately 39% of examination time, compared to taking the complete discriminant score. CONCLUSION: Especially in screening, where the use of time-consuming and complicated diagnostic procedures is restricted, the implementation of testing programs based on group sequential strategies might be a promising means of saving personnel resources and reducing inconvenience for @entity1 .

title: Sequential classification in XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Two extremely morphologically similar sister species of desert ants, Cataglyphis bicolor and @entity61628 , exhibit broadly overlapping distributional ranges within Tunisia. In order to analyse the microhabitats of @entity10722 and @entity61628 within the sympatric and allopatric areas of both ant species, the plant species located at 113 different nest sites of the two ant species were determined. In the sympatric area, the two species exhibit a clear-cut nest site segregation. This is not the case in the allopatric areas. Hence the two species differentiate their microhabitat only when they are sympatric. The plant species associated mainly with the nest sites of @entity10722 indicate that this species prefers a type of vegetation that needs irrigation. This is in contrast to the nest sites of @entity61628 , which are usually found around plants that characterize typical @entity2133 . As the ants' foraging paths recorded in the sympatric area reveal, @entity10722 performs significantly shorter foraging runs with respect to both length and time, and covers a much smaller foraging range than @entity61628 does. This result reflects the fact that the microhabitat occupied by the colonies of @entity10722 is richer in food abundance. When direct interspecific interactions were investigated by placing a bait midway between two heterospecific nests, @entity10722 foragers dominated over those of @entity61628 . The same dominance of @entity10722 over @entity61628 occurred in laboratory experiments. These results suggest that the dominant species drives the subordinate one out of the high quality microhabitats, and that the subordinate species is forced to survive in the less lucrative habitats. In conclusion, coexistence seems to be maintained by the asymmetric competitive relationship between the two species and the fact that the subordinate species has the ability to endure in the less favourable microhabitat.

title: Sympatry and allopatry in two desert ant sister species: how do Cataglyphis bicolor and XXXX coexist?

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry steppe areas']

answer: @entity61628 :: (51511,Species) :: ['C. savignyi']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to find out how long it is necessary to follow-up esophageal @entity1146 @entity1 endoscopically to prevent irreversible mucosal changes. METHODS: Seventy-four of 79 long-term survivors with esophageal @entity1146 and primary @entity254 underwent a total of 322 esophagogastroduodenoscopies during a follow-up period of 0.5 to 19 years (mean, 10.3) after the primary operation. For analysis, the biopsy findings were divided into 2 groups: good, histologically normal or only mildly inflamed mucosa; unfavorable, moderate or severe @entity2910 or @entity356 . Fundoplication irrespective of indications was considered unfavorable. The results were analyzed using actuarial survival analysis; the changing point was when a "good" turned into "unfavorable." RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 (61%) remained in the "good" group throughout the study period; 15 of those (20%) had completely normal findings. Nine @entity1 (12%) had moderate, one (1%) had severe @entity2910 , and 13 @entity1 (18%) had @entity356 . Fundoplication was performed on 21 @entity1 (28%). CONCLUSIONS: About 40% of esophageal @entity1146 @entity1 eventually have significant esophageal mucosal pathology or need to have a fundoplication. The majority of these changes appear before the age of 3 years. Routine endoscopic follow-up of esophageal @entity1146 @entity1 is recommended at least to the age of 3 years.

title: Endoscopic follow-up in esophageal XXXX -for how long is it necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric metaplasia']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: In the treatment of @entity263 , @entity342 ablation has proven to be the cornerstone. Several important questions about its use, however, remain unanswered. The first question is whether @entity342 ablation should be started at the time of diagnosis, or when symptoms arise. Although previous evidence had suggested no benefit to early therapy, a recent large trial of @entity1 has shown clear benefit. @entity1 with locally advanced and asymptomatic @entity3 were randomly assigned to early treatment, or treatment started at signs of progression: the early treatment group showed benefit in time to progression, incidence of severe complications, and time to @entity204 . The other major unresolved issue is the type of @entity342 ablation to be used. Maximal @entity342 blockade (MAB) has been shown to increase the survival of @entity1 with @entity3 in a least two large, well-conducted trial, although other trials have contradicted this finding. A recent meta-analysis of 22 MAB trials containing more than 5000 @entity1 has suggested that MAB does not prolong life. A large trial by the National @entity5 Institute (NCI) NCI INT-0105, from which preliminary results are now available, has shown that castration and an antiandrogen is no better than castration alone in terms of time to progression and survival. This trial, furthermore, did not find that MAB was superior in low-volume, good-performance status @entity1 . @entity342 ablation is not a cure for @entity263 , but it does provide excellent palliation. New treatment regimens, and new studies, are needed to optimize treatment for these @entity1 .

title: A review of hormonal treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['advanced prostate cancer']


abstract: The effect of a preventive program was studied in 12-14-yr-old @entity1 . 104 @entity1 (test group) participated in this program. After four visits in the first 6 wk, the @entity1 visited the oral hygienist five times a year to receive professional oral prophylactic treatment and instructions. Additionally a @entity1388 application (Duraphat) was given two times a year. @entity1 of a control group (n = 117) received no prophylactic treatment. Diet was not controlled in either test or control group. After 2 yr mean caries increment amounted to 2.7 +/- 2.8 new DFS in the test group and 5.0 +/- 4.2 new DFS in the control group, respectively. The most pronounced differences between the two groups could be found on the proximal surfaces. In all, caries was reduced by 46% during the 2-yr period. Plaque accumulation and frequency of @entity2522 were significantly reduced only in the test group (67% and 55%, resp.). The data revealed that the program reduced both caries and @entity2522 to a remarkable extent.

title: Effect of a preventive program based on professional toothcleaning and XXXX application on caries and @entity2522 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: The effect of a preventive program was studied in 12-14-yr-old @entity1 . 104 @entity1 (test group) participated in this program. After four visits in the first 6 wk, the @entity1 visited the oral hygienist five times a year to receive professional oral prophylactic treatment and instructions. Additionally a @entity1388 application (Duraphat) was given two times a year. @entity1 of a control group (n = 117) received no prophylactic treatment. Diet was not controlled in either test or control group. After 2 yr mean caries increment amounted to 2.7 +/- 2.8 new DFS in the test group and 5.0 +/- 4.2 new DFS in the control group, respectively. The most pronounced differences between the two groups could be found on the proximal surfaces. In all, caries was reduced by 46% during the 2-yr period. Plaque accumulation and frequency of @entity2522 were significantly reduced only in the test group (67% and 55%, resp.). The data revealed that the program reduced both caries and @entity2522 to a remarkable extent.

title: Effect of a preventive program based on professional toothcleaning and @entity1388 application on caries and XXXX .

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']


abstract: In 1969, 1972, 1975 and 1978 dental examinations were carried out in the City of The Hague on cohorts of about 800 @entity1 from kindergartens and elementary schools in order to test a (dental) health education program. Since 1980/1981 weekly @entity1388 mouthrinses have been done in kindergartens and elementary schools in areas with lower SES. In 1981, a baseline dental examination for a follow-up study was carried out on about 500 second grade schoolchildren from areas of low and medium SES. In this baseline examination in 1981 a considerable improvement in dental health was found compared with the earlier cohort examinations, especially in medium SES groups. The average D3MFS value in 1981 was 1.53 and 0.92 for second grade @entity1 of the low and medium social level respectively; the average d3fs values were 5.83 and 3.42. Over the 12-yr period (1969-1981) a respective D3MFS reduction of 57.6 and 76.2% was found for low and medium SES. The percentage d3fs reduction for the primary dentition was 55.3 and 72.9%, respectively. In 1978 and 1981 the percentage of @entity1 without @entity2522 was 26.8 and 31.9%. The difference in the number of @entity2522 -free @entity1 between 1978 and 1981 seemed to be due to an increase in the number of @entity1 without @entity2522 in the medium SES groups. A greater use of @entity1388 tablets was found in low and medium socioeconomic levels between 1972 and 1975, followed by a decrease in the period between 1975 and 1978 and another increase by 1981 compared with 1978.

title: Dental caries and XXXX in second grade schoolchildren in The Hague over the period 1969-1981.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of transperineal versus transrectal six-core prostate biopsy. Transrectal sextant biopsy is the most common method for @entity263 detection. However, the @entity5 detection rate with this technique is increasingly considered inadequate. Different prostate biopsy procedures, mainly based on addition of additional transrectal cores to traditional sextant biopsy, have been proposed to increase the @entity5 diagnosis rate. The efficacy of the transperineal approach has not yet been fully established. METHODS: In a prospective study, 107 @entity1 with elevated @entity1486 levels (greater than 4.0 ng/mL) underwent prostate biopsy with six transperineal cores, using a "fan" scheme, plus six transrectal cores, according to the sextant technique. The median @entity1486 level was 8.2 ng/mL (range 4.1 to 240). RESULTS: The overall @entity5 detection rate was 40% (43 of 107); @entity263 was found in 38% (41 of 107) of @entity1 with the transperineal approach and in 32% (34 of 107) of @entity1 with the transrectal approach. Of 43 diagnosed @entity5 , 41 (95%) were found with the transperineal approach and 34 (79%) with the transrectal approach (P = 0.012). No @entity1 had low-grade @entity5 (Gleason score 2 to 4), 25 @entity1 had intermediate-grade @entity5 (Gleason score 5 to 6), and 18 @entity1 had high-grade @entity5 (Gleason score 7 to 10). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report comparing in vivo two different approaches to prostate biopsy. Transperineal biopsy seems superior to transrectal biopsy to detect @entity263 . Both the transperineal and the transrectal approach should be familiar to the urologist who needs to obtain an adequate @entity5 detection rate. Transrectal sextant biopsy cannot be considered the standard technique for @entity263 detection.

title: Best approach for XXXX detection: a prospective study on transperineal versus transrectal six-core prostate biopsy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PSA continues to be one of the most effective and widely used @entity5 screening tools available. Its popularity in @entity263 screening, however, has eroded its usefulness in the staging of this disease. As more @entity1 are screened every year on a routine basis with DRE and PSA, the average PSA at diagnosis has drifted down to well below 10 ng/mL in many centers, including ours. This trend is likely to accelerate, as a PSA cut off for prompting biopsy of the prostate of 2.5 ng/mL gains more widespread acceptance. The recent realization that, at these levels, serum PSA is more reflective of the presence of BPH than of the extent of @entity5 and, therefore, does not provide additional staging information, has renewed the search for new biochemical markers that are capable of predicting @entity263 stage and prognosis. Because of the heterogeneity of this disease, it is unlikely that a single biochemical marker that is capable of accurately staging @entity263 @entity1 will be found. For this reason, nomograms that are capable of integrating various parameters to predict stage and prognosis will remain indispensable. As new biochemical markers that provide independent predictive information about stage or prognosis are identified, they can be incorporated into currently available nomograms. Of the biochemical markers discussed in this article, IL-6sR and @entity2533 are the most promising. By incorporating them into a preoperative nomogram designed to predict PSA recurrence, we found that they improved the ability to predict biochemical recurrence by a statistically and clinically significant margin. The @entity5 and predict response to therapy has improved dramatically over the last 3 decades. Nevertheless, there is still a need for new biochemical markers that will improve the ability to predict an individual @entity1 's stage and response to therapy. Incorporating these new markers into nomograms will enhance the ability to provide optimal care for each @entity263 @entity1 .

title: Biochemical staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ability to stage prostate cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['all prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: This study is to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to acquire accurate radiographic images for alveolar bone in lower incisors and the change after presurgical orthodontic treatment. Seventeen @entity1 with skeletal @entity3233 , ten normal occlusion subjects, and fifteen @entity1 treated with orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery were included. CBCT images were obtained. The labial and lingual inclinations of mandibular incisors, the @entity604 and root length were measured. Alveolar bone thickness at the apex in @entity1 with skeletal @entity3233 was thinner than normal subjects. The @entity604 heights at labial and lingual sides in @entity1 with skeletal @entity3233 were both reduced compared with normal subjects, especially at the labial side. There were statistically significant correlations between lower incisor inclination and alveolar bone morphology. After orthodontics, the incisors root apex was closer to the lingual side of alveolar bone. The alveolar bone thickness at apex was not statistically changed. The @entity604 heights at the labial and lingual sides were both significantly reduced especially the lingual side after presurgical orthodontic treatment. The root length was not significantly changed. In conclusion, the alveolar bone thickness at apex is thinner and the vertical alveolar height is reduced at the labial side. Forward movement of lower incisors during presurgical orthodontic treatment can render the lower incisors root apex closer to the lingual side and the vertical alveolar height is reduced.

title: Presurgical orthodontic decompensation alters alveolar bone condition around mandibular incisors in adults with skeletal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['thickness of alveolar bone, the vertical alveolar height', 'vertical alveolar bone']

entities_list: @entity3233 :: ('MESH:D008313', 'Disease') :: ['Class III malocclusion']

answer: @entity3233 :: (MESH:D008313,Disease) :: ['Class III malocclusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study is to investigate the value of intracranial venous circulation evaluation in guiding the surgery for @entity1653 . METHODS: A total of 44 @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ) @entity1 received 3D CE-MRV scanning. The obtained images were reconstructed by virtual reality (VR) technology. Venous collateral circulation was evaluated. Postoperative follow-up was carried out. RESULTS: Among 44 @entity1653 @entity1 , 41 cases were with resection of Simpson grade I/II (93.18%) and 6 cases were with permanent @entity51 (13.64%). @entity50 occurred in the remaining 3 @entity1 (6.82%), with 2 cases cured and 1 case died. The mortality rate was 2.27%. Recurrence occurred in one case (2.27%) after discharge. In 9 cases, @entity5 adjacent @entity11727 was transected and the poor prognosis rate was 33.33%. @entity11727 was opened in 3 cases and after removal of the @entity5 the broken end was sutured directly. The poor prognosis occurred in one case (33.33%). Electrocoagulation was carried out to the @entity11727 wall in 32 cases without opening venous sinus and 2 cases were with poor prognosis (6.25%). The three different venous sinus treatment methods had no significantly difference on the prognosis of @entity1 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative evaluation of intracranial venous circulation with VR technology and 3D CE-MRV may help making individual surgical plans, reduce @entity1317 and improve the prognosis of @entity1653 @entity1 .

title: Guidance value of intracranial venous circulation evaluation to XXXX operation.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['PSM', 'parasagittal meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['venous injury']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Venous sinus thrombosis']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['parasagittal meningioma']