abstract: OBJECTIVES: Endoscopic resection (ER) is becoming an increasingly used treatment option for early @entity356 (EGC); however, data comparing the long-term outcomes of ER and surgery are limited. Accordingly, we here aimed to perform a meta-analysis to clarify the long-term outcomes and safety of ER and surgery for EGC. METHODS: Literature on the direct comparison of ER and surgery for EGC was retrieved from the Medline, PubMed and Scopus databases. We selected the eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed the quality scores according to the guidelines. The overall survival (OS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and adverse event rates were investigated, and the pooled hazard ratio (HR), odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated. RESULTS: Nine retrospective studies were identified, including 973 and 1190 @entity1 undergoing ER and surgery, respectively. There were no significant differences regarding the OS (HR: 0.995, 95% CI: 0.836-1.185; p=0.959) and adverse event rates (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.20-1.28, p=0.148) between ER and gastrectomy. However, @entity1 undergoing ER had significantly shorter @entity1349 (HR: 7.226, 95% CI: 1.718-30.400, p=0.007) than those undergoing gastrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of this review, including the retrospective nature of all included studies, our results suggest that ER might be a feasible and safe treatment strategy compared to that of gastrectomy for EGC; however, careful endoscopic surveillance is needed for ensuring favorable outcomes. These findings should be confirmed in further large-scale, prospective, randomized, controlled trials from different countries.

title: Endoscopic resection versus surgery for early XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Quantitative ultrasound estimates such as the frequency-dependent backscatter coefficient (BSC) have the potential to enhance noninvasive tissue characterization and to identify @entity5 better than traditional B-mode imaging. Thus, investigating system independence of BSC estimates from multiple imaging platforms is important for assessing their capabilities to detect tissue differences. METHODS: @entity19 and @entity35 @entity5 models, 4T1 and MAT, respectively, were used in a comparative experiment using 3 imaging systems ( @entity5377 , Ultrasonix, and VisualSonics) with 5 different transducers covering a range of ultrasonic frequencies. RESULTS: Functional analysis of variance of the MAT and 4T1 BSC-versus-frequency curves revealed statistically significant differences between the two @entity5 types. Variations also were found among results from different transducers, attributable to frequency range effects. At 3 to 8 MHz, @entity5 BSC functions using different systems showed no differences between @entity5 type, but at 10 to 20 MHz, there were differences between 4T1 and MAT @entity5 . Fitting an average spline model to the combined BSC estimates (3-22 MHz) demonstrated that the BSC differences between @entity5 increased with increasing frequency, with the greatest separation above 15 MHz. Confining the analysis to @entity5 resulted in better discrimination over a wider bandwidth. CONCLUSIONS: Confining the comparison to higher ultrasonic frequencies or larger @entity5 sizes allowed for separation of BSC-versus-frequency curves from 4T1 and MAT @entity5 . These constraints ensure that a greater fraction of the backscattered signals originated from within the @entity5 , thus demonstrating that statistically significant @entity5 differences were detected.

title: Quantitative Ultrasound Comparison of MAT and 4T1 Mammary Tumors in XXXX and @entity35 Across Multiple Imaging Systems.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumor', 'larger tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Quantitative ultrasound estimates such as the frequency-dependent backscatter coefficient (BSC) have the potential to enhance noninvasive tissue characterization and to identify @entity5 better than traditional B-mode imaging. Thus, investigating system independence of BSC estimates from multiple imaging platforms is important for assessing their capabilities to detect tissue differences. METHODS: @entity19 and @entity35 @entity5 models, 4T1 and MAT, respectively, were used in a comparative experiment using 3 imaging systems ( @entity5377 , Ultrasonix, and VisualSonics) with 5 different transducers covering a range of ultrasonic frequencies. RESULTS: Functional analysis of variance of the MAT and 4T1 BSC-versus-frequency curves revealed statistically significant differences between the two @entity5 types. Variations also were found among results from different transducers, attributable to frequency range effects. At 3 to 8 MHz, @entity5 BSC functions using different systems showed no differences between @entity5 type, but at 10 to 20 MHz, there were differences between 4T1 and MAT @entity5 . Fitting an average spline model to the combined BSC estimates (3-22 MHz) demonstrated that the BSC differences between @entity5 increased with increasing frequency, with the greatest separation above 15 MHz. Confining the analysis to @entity5 resulted in better discrimination over a wider bandwidth. CONCLUSIONS: Confining the comparison to higher ultrasonic frequencies or larger @entity5 sizes allowed for separation of BSC-versus-frequency curves from 4T1 and MAT @entity5 . These constraints ensure that a greater fraction of the backscattered signals originated from within the @entity5 , thus demonstrating that statistically significant @entity5 differences were detected.

title: Quantitative Ultrasound Comparison of MAT and 4T1 Mammary Tumors in @entity19 and XXXX Across Multiple Imaging Systems.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Plasma @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) level has been negatively correlated with the severity of @entity656 ( @entity656 ). Although @entity7647 is widely used today, the results of individual randomized controlled trials of @entity7647 -enriched nutrition support for @entity1 with @entity656 are conflicting. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, HighWire, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wanfang, China Journals Full-Text Database, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched. Literature published before June 2014 was searched. Randomized controlled trials investigating the comparison of conventional and @entity7647 -enriched nutrition support were included; a random effect model using Rev @entity1 5.2 software was chosen to complete this meta-analysis. The count data were analyzed using the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and the measurement data were analyzed using the standard mean difference or weighted mean difference and 95% CI. Heterogeneity analyses were conducted by I(2) test; publication bias analyses were conducted by Begg test. Results: Ten studies were eventually chosen for analysis, including 218 @entity1 who received conventional methods (control group) and 215 @entity1 who received @entity7647 -enriched nutrition support (experimental group). Compared with the control group, @entity7647 is helpful in elevating the albumin level, decreasing C-reaction protein (standard mean difference = 1.01, -1.89; 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.51, -3.23 to -0.56; P < .05), decreasing the incidence of infectious complication and mortality (RR = 0.62, 0.36; 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.83, 0.16 to 0.83; P < .05), and shortening the hospital stay length (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -3.89; 95% CI: -4.98 to -2.81; P < .05) without increasing expenses (WMD = -0.16; 95% CI: -1.34 to 1.02; P > .05). Intravenous infusion manifested more advantages by decreasing the incidence of infectious complications and mortality. Conclusions: @entity7647 -enriched nutrition support is superior to conventional methods for @entity656 , and intravenous infusion may be a better choice for drug administration.

title: Efficacy of XXXX -Enriched Nutrition Support for @entity1 With Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'severe acute pancreatitis']

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['Glutamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Plasma @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) level has been negatively correlated with the severity of @entity656 ( @entity656 ). Although @entity7647 is widely used today, the results of individual randomized controlled trials of @entity7647 -enriched nutrition support for @entity1 with @entity656 are conflicting. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, HighWire, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wanfang, China Journals Full-Text Database, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched. Literature published before June 2014 was searched. Randomized controlled trials investigating the comparison of conventional and @entity7647 -enriched nutrition support were included; a random effect model using Rev @entity1 5.2 software was chosen to complete this meta-analysis. The count data were analyzed using the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), and the measurement data were analyzed using the standard mean difference or weighted mean difference and 95% CI. Heterogeneity analyses were conducted by I(2) test; publication bias analyses were conducted by Begg test. Results: Ten studies were eventually chosen for analysis, including 218 @entity1 who received conventional methods (control group) and 215 @entity1 who received @entity7647 -enriched nutrition support (experimental group). Compared with the control group, @entity7647 is helpful in elevating the albumin level, decreasing C-reaction protein (standard mean difference = 1.01, -1.89; 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.51, -3.23 to -0.56; P < .05), decreasing the incidence of infectious complication and mortality (RR = 0.62, 0.36; 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.83, 0.16 to 0.83; P < .05), and shortening the hospital stay length (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -3.89; 95% CI: -4.98 to -2.81; P < .05) without increasing expenses (WMD = -0.16; 95% CI: -1.34 to 1.02; P > .05). Intravenous infusion manifested more advantages by decreasing the incidence of infectious complications and mortality. Conclusions: @entity7647 -enriched nutrition support is superior to conventional methods for @entity656 , and intravenous infusion may be a better choice for drug administration.

title: Efficacy of @entity1160 -Enriched Nutrition Support for XXXX With Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Objective. To describe the relation between @entity3147 and @entity6766 ( @entity6766 ) in preschool @entity1 from Mexico. Material and methods. Information of 10 513 preschool @entity1 and their families was analyzed. The @entity6766 was measured through the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). Adjusted prevalence of @entity6766 and @entity3147 with related variables were assessed by logistic regression. Results. 31% of households had moderate and server @entity6766 . Rural and south, indigenous households, in the Q1 and Q2, showed the highest prevalence of moderate and severe @entity6766 as well. We observed a high tendency of @entity3147 in the severe @entity6766 group; the prevalence of overweight was similar in the four groups of @entity6766 . Conclusions. The risk of chronic @entity3147 is 42% bigger in @entity1 less than five years old with severe @entity6766 than in those that experienced food security.

title: [Food insecurity and nutritional status of preschool XXXX in Mexico].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food insecurity', 'FI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of @entity4678 on emotional control in adults with @entity71 . METHODS: We performed an integrated analysis using individual @entity1 data pooled from three Eli Lilly-sponsored studies. An integrated analysis can be viewed as a meta-analysis of individual @entity1 -level data, rather than study-level summary data. RESULTS: Two populations were identified: a large sample of @entity1 with pre-treatment baseline data (the "overall population"; n=2846); and a subset of these @entity1 with placebo-controlled efficacy data from baseline to 10 or 12weeks after initiating treatment (the "placebo-controlled population"; n=829). At baseline, in the overall population,    50% of @entity71 @entity1 had BRIEF-AS (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Self-Report) Emotional control subscores between 21 and 30, compared with    10% of normative subjects in the BRIEF-A manual. At endpoint, in the placebo-controlled population, @entity4678 led to a small (effect size 0.19) but significant (P=0.013) treatment effect for emotional control. The effect size was 0.32 in @entity1 with BRIEF-AS Emotional control scores>20 at baseline. Improvements in emotional control correlated with improvements in the core @entity71 symptoms and quality-of-life. DISCUSSION: As deficient emotional control is associated with impaired social, educational and occupational functioning over and above that explained by core @entity71 symptoms alone, improvements in emotional control may be clinically relevant. CONCLUSION: At baseline, adults with @entity71 were more likely to have impaired emotional control than normative subjects. In the adult @entity71 @entity1 , @entity4678 treatment was associated with improvements in emotional control, as well as in core @entity71 symptoms and quality-of-life.

title: The effects of XXXX on emotional control in adults with @entity71 : An integrated analysis of multicenter studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4678 :: ('MESH:C041930', 'Chemical') :: ['atomoxetine']

answer: @entity4678 :: (MESH:C041930,Chemical) :: ['atomoxetine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of @entity4678 on emotional control in adults with @entity71 . METHODS: We performed an integrated analysis using individual @entity1 data pooled from three Eli Lilly-sponsored studies. An integrated analysis can be viewed as a meta-analysis of individual @entity1 -level data, rather than study-level summary data. RESULTS: Two populations were identified: a large sample of @entity1 with pre-treatment baseline data (the "overall population"; n=2846); and a subset of these @entity1 with placebo-controlled efficacy data from baseline to 10 or 12weeks after initiating treatment (the "placebo-controlled population"; n=829). At baseline, in the overall population,    50% of @entity71 @entity1 had BRIEF-AS (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version Self-Report) Emotional control subscores between 21 and 30, compared with    10% of normative subjects in the BRIEF-A manual. At endpoint, in the placebo-controlled population, @entity4678 led to a small (effect size 0.19) but significant (P=0.013) treatment effect for emotional control. The effect size was 0.32 in @entity1 with BRIEF-AS Emotional control scores>20 at baseline. Improvements in emotional control correlated with improvements in the core @entity71 symptoms and quality-of-life. DISCUSSION: As deficient emotional control is associated with impaired social, educational and occupational functioning over and above that explained by core @entity71 symptoms alone, improvements in emotional control may be clinically relevant. CONCLUSION: At baseline, adults with @entity71 were more likely to have impaired emotional control than normative subjects. In the adult @entity71 @entity1 , @entity4678 treatment was associated with improvements in emotional control, as well as in core @entity71 symptoms and quality-of-life.

title: The effects of @entity4678 on emotional control in adults with XXXX : An integrated analysis of multicenter studies.

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: 1. Cortical slices from @entity35 brain were incubated in media containing the irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor soman and a high KCl concentration, and the release and synthesis of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) were determined.2. @entity3897 enhanced the release and synthesis of @entity1617 .3. @entity1022 , a substance which blocks nervous conduction, did not influence the release and synthesis of @entity1617 , in the absence or in the presence of @entity3897 . Therefore the nerve endings are probably the site at which @entity3897 acts when stimulating the release and synthesis of @entity1617 .4. Pretreatment of the slices with botulinum type A toxin partially blocked the release and synthesis of @entity1617 and reduced the extra amounts of @entity1617 released and synthesized under the influence of @entity3897 .5. Lowering the @entity460 or raising the @entity1760 concentration in the incubation medium reduced the release and synthesis of @entity1617 and their enhancement by @entity3897 .6. @entity2607 decreased the total extractable @entity1617 content of the slices during incubation in a 25 mM @entity4338 containing medium. This decrease was nearly prevented when the release and synthesis of @entity1617 were inhibited by omission of the @entity460 ions from the medium, but was enhanced by @entity3897 .7. The observations made with pretreatment by botulinum type A toxin, with changes in the @entity460 and @entity1760 concentration as well as with @entity2607 , all support the theory that it is primarily the release of @entity1617 which is enhanced by @entity3897 and that its stimulating action on the synthesis results from the increased release.

title: Stimulation by @entity3897 of XXXX release and synthesis in cortical slices from @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine', 'Physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: 1. Cortical slices from @entity35 brain were incubated in media containing the irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor soman and a high KCl concentration, and the release and synthesis of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) were determined.2. @entity3897 enhanced the release and synthesis of @entity1617 .3. @entity1022 , a substance which blocks nervous conduction, did not influence the release and synthesis of @entity1617 , in the absence or in the presence of @entity3897 . Therefore the nerve endings are probably the site at which @entity3897 acts when stimulating the release and synthesis of @entity1617 .4. Pretreatment of the slices with botulinum type A toxin partially blocked the release and synthesis of @entity1617 and reduced the extra amounts of @entity1617 released and synthesized under the influence of @entity3897 .5. Lowering the @entity460 or raising the @entity1760 concentration in the incubation medium reduced the release and synthesis of @entity1617 and their enhancement by @entity3897 .6. @entity2607 decreased the total extractable @entity1617 content of the slices during incubation in a 25 mM @entity4338 containing medium. This decrease was nearly prevented when the release and synthesis of @entity1617 were inhibited by omission of the @entity460 ions from the medium, but was enhanced by @entity3897 .7. The observations made with pretreatment by botulinum type A toxin, with changes in the @entity460 and @entity1760 concentration as well as with @entity2607 , all support the theory that it is primarily the release of @entity1617 which is enhanced by @entity3897 and that its stimulating action on the synthesis results from the increased release.

title: Stimulation by XXXX of @entity934 release and synthesis in cortical slices from @entity35 brain.

answer: @entity3897 :: (MESH:D001285,Chemical) :: ['atropine']


abstract: 1. Cortical slices from @entity35 brain were incubated in media containing the irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor soman and a high KCl concentration, and the release and synthesis of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) were determined.2. @entity3897 enhanced the release and synthesis of @entity1617 .3. @entity1022 , a substance which blocks nervous conduction, did not influence the release and synthesis of @entity1617 , in the absence or in the presence of @entity3897 . Therefore the nerve endings are probably the site at which @entity3897 acts when stimulating the release and synthesis of @entity1617 .4. Pretreatment of the slices with botulinum type A toxin partially blocked the release and synthesis of @entity1617 and reduced the extra amounts of @entity1617 released and synthesized under the influence of @entity3897 .5. Lowering the @entity460 or raising the @entity1760 concentration in the incubation medium reduced the release and synthesis of @entity1617 and their enhancement by @entity3897 .6. @entity2607 decreased the total extractable @entity1617 content of the slices during incubation in a 25 mM @entity4338 containing medium. This decrease was nearly prevented when the release and synthesis of @entity1617 were inhibited by omission of the @entity460 ions from the medium, but was enhanced by @entity3897 .7. The observations made with pretreatment by botulinum type A toxin, with changes in the @entity460 and @entity1760 concentration as well as with @entity2607 , all support the theory that it is primarily the release of @entity1617 which is enhanced by @entity3897 and that its stimulating action on the synthesis results from the increased release.

title: Stimulation by @entity3897 of @entity934 release and synthesis in cortical slices from XXXX brain.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Some progress has been made regarding availability of recombinant factor @entity797 concentrates and prophylaxis for @entity447 in emerging countries, where plasma-derived concentrates were used in the vast majority. Clinical studies to document their introduction and effectiveness are so far not widely available in literature. This non-interventional study evaluates the real-life effectiveness and safety of prophylactic and on-demand treatment with recombinant factor @entity797 formulated with sucrose (rFVIII-FS) for bleed control and preservation of joints in emerging countries from Eastern Europe, North Africa and Middle East area. One hundred and eighty-six @entity1 from 11 countries were enrolled, mean      SD age 12.8      12.7  years. At enrolment, majority (79.6%) had severe @entity447 (<2%  IU  mL(-1) ), 47.8% had a target joint, 15% had an inhibitor history and one @entity1 was on immune tolerance induction. During the 24-month observation period, 58.1% of the @entity1 were prescribed prophylaxis at every visit, 31.7% were on an on-demand regimen. @entity1 with severe @entity447 on prophylaxis (n  =  82) had a mean annual rate of treated @entity548 of 2.8      4.4, whereas it was 19.1      32.0 for the on-demand group (n  =  31), and a mean total Gilbert Score of 9.9      10.3 at baseline and 4.1      6.7 at study end; vs. 15.2      17.3 and 13.7      17.1 for on-demand respectively. The majority of the @entity548 (91.1%) were treated with one or two infusions. Four @entity1 without inhibitor history had a first positive inhibitor test during the study. This study demonstrates the effective use of rFVIII-FS in emerging countries and adds to the established safety profile of rFVIII-FS.

title: Real-life evidence in evaluating effectiveness of treatment in XXXX with a recombinant FVIII concentrate: A non-interventional study in emerging countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['Haemophilia A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and predisposing factors of @entity551 during anesthetic induction in lung transplant recipients. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 who underwent lung transplantation between 2008 and 2013 (n = 68). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The authors analyzed the mean arterial pressure (MAP) from administration of anesthetic drugs to 10 minutes after endotracheal intubation (ie, the anesthetic induction) among @entity1 who underwent lung transplantation. @entity1 were considered to have clinically significant @entity551 (CSH) when the following criteria were fulfilled: An MAP decrease of>40% from baseline and MAP of<60 mmHg. Overall, 41.2% of @entity1 experienced CSH during the induction of anesthesia. The preoperative partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) was significantly higher in @entity1 who experienced CSH during anesthetic induction than in those who did not (p = 0.005). Preoperative PaCO2 predicted the development of CSH during anesthetic induction (area under the curve = 0.702; p = 0.002), with an optimal cut-off point of 55 mmHg determined by maximizing the Youden index. The incidences of CSH during anesthetic induction for @entity1 with (PaCO2>= 55) and without (PaCO2<55) preoperative @entity2944 were 75.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] [53.8-89.2]) and 30.8% (95% CI 26.4-37.3), respectively. After adjustment for known predicting factors, the odds ratio for the relationship between preoperative @entity2944 and CSH during anesthetic induction was 12.54 (95% CI 3.10-66.66). CONCLUSIONS: @entity551 during anesthetic induction is common in lung transplant recipients, and is independently predicted by preoperative @entity2944 .

title: Preoperative @entity2944 as a Predictor of XXXX During Anesthetic Induction in Lung Transplant Recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['Hypotension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and predisposing factors of @entity551 during anesthetic induction in lung transplant recipients. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 who underwent lung transplantation between 2008 and 2013 (n = 68). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The authors analyzed the mean arterial pressure (MAP) from administration of anesthetic drugs to 10 minutes after endotracheal intubation (ie, the anesthetic induction) among @entity1 who underwent lung transplantation. @entity1 were considered to have clinically significant @entity551 (CSH) when the following criteria were fulfilled: An MAP decrease of>40% from baseline and MAP of<60 mmHg. Overall, 41.2% of @entity1 experienced CSH during the induction of anesthesia. The preoperative partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) was significantly higher in @entity1 who experienced CSH during anesthetic induction than in those who did not (p = 0.005). Preoperative PaCO2 predicted the development of CSH during anesthetic induction (area under the curve = 0.702; p = 0.002), with an optimal cut-off point of 55 mmHg determined by maximizing the Youden index. The incidences of CSH during anesthetic induction for @entity1 with (PaCO2>= 55) and without (PaCO2<55) preoperative @entity2944 were 75.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] [53.8-89.2]) and 30.8% (95% CI 26.4-37.3), respectively. After adjustment for known predicting factors, the odds ratio for the relationship between preoperative @entity2944 and CSH during anesthetic induction was 12.54 (95% CI 3.10-66.66). CONCLUSIONS: @entity551 during anesthetic induction is common in lung transplant recipients, and is independently predicted by preoperative @entity2944 .

title: Preoperative XXXX as a Predictor of @entity551 During Anesthetic Induction in Lung Transplant Recipients.

answer: @entity2944 :: (MESH:D006935,Disease) :: ['Hypercapnia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors of @entity174 and whether previous @entity8276 flaccidity predisposes to it in consecutive, mechanically ventilated, intensive care unit @entity1 undergoing different percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy procedures (Ciaglia Blue Rhino, PercuTwist, and Ciaglia BlueDolphin). DESIGN: Single-center retrospective study performed between November 2006 and July 2013. SETTING: Single-center university hospital. @entity1 : Two hundred nineteen consecutive intensive care unit @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Video bronchoscopic percutaneous dilatational tracheostomies using different techniques, including Ciaglia Blue Rhino, PercuTwist, and Ciaglia BlueDolphin, were performed consecutively. During the procedure, the tracheal wall response to the routine external palpation was evaluated endoscopically to find the interanular space. An abnormal change in the @entity8276 shape (fingerprint) with anterior airway wall collapse was diagnosed as @entity2421 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity174 occurred in 21 @entity1 (9.6%). The proportion of @entity397 was 16 (76.2%) after PercuTwist, 3 (14.3%) after Ciaglia Blue Dolphin, and 2 (9.5%) after the Blue Rhino technique. Significant risk factors for @entity397 were PercuTwist procedure (p = 0.02), @entity2421 (p = 0.0001), and a period of intubation before a percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy procedure>14 days (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the PercuTwist technique and intubation>14 days before tracheostomy, @entity2421 was a significant risk factor for @entity174 . In the presence of this finding, a less traumatic tracheostomy procedure should be applied.

title: XXXX Fracture Secondary to Percutaneous Tracheostomy: Is Tracheal Flaccidity a Risk Factor?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal ring fracture', 'Tracheal ring fracture']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal flaccidity']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal rupture', 'tracheal ruptures']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal ring']

answer: @entity8276 :: (MESH:D014133,Disease) :: ['Tracheal Ring']


abstract: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in @entity1 is strongly associated with @entity65 and mortality, and prevalent abnormal lipid metabolism. The AIM-HIGH trial examined the benefits of adding extended-release niacin (ERN) to simvastatin in @entity1 with established @entity301 . Here we conducted a post hoc analysis of the AIM-HIGH trial examining whether @entity1 derived cardiovascular or renal benefits when stratified by renal function. Of 3414 @entity1 , 505 had stage 3 @entity740 at baseline. Among the @entity740 subset, demographics and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors were well balanced in the ERN and placebo arms. Compared with placebo, @entity740 @entity1 receiving ERN had a significant decrease in triglycerides by a median of 59.0   mg/dl, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increased by a mean of 11.3   mg/dl over a mean follow-up of 3 years. @entity65 events were similar between @entity740 @entity1 in both arms. However, all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the ERN group (hazard ratio of 1.73). Mean change in @entity470 among ERN-treated @entity740 @entity1 was not significantly different between study arms. Thus, among AIM-HIGH @entity1 with @entity740 , the addition of ERN to simvastatin for secondary prevention of @entity65 improved triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations but did not improve cardiovascular outcomes or kidney function, and was associated with higher all-cause mortality.

title: Effect of extended-release niacin on cardiovascular events and kidney function in XXXX : a post hoc analysis of the AIM-HIGH trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This review investigates the relationship between leg muscle power and the chronic conditions of @entity571 , @entity6 , and @entity65 among older adults. Current literature assessing the impact of @entity102 on leg power has not yet been comprehensively characterized. Importantly, individuals with these conditions have shown improved leg power with training. METHODS: A search was performed using PubMed to identify original studies published in English from January 1998 to August 2013. Leg power studies, among older adults >=  50 years of age, which assessed associations with @entity571 , @entity6 , and/or @entity65 were selected. Studies concerning post-surgery rehabilitation, case studies, and articles that did not measure primary results were excluded. RESULTS: Sixteen studies met inclusion criteria, addressing @entity571 (n=5), @entity6 (n=5), and @entity65 (n=6). Studies generally supported associations of lower leg power among older adults with @entity102 , although small sample sizes, cross-sectional data, homogenous populations, varied disease definitions, and inconsistent leg power methods limited conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: Studies suggest that @entity571 , @entity6 , and @entity65 are associated with lower leg power compared to older adults without these conditions. These studies are limited, however, by the heterogeneity in study populations and a lack of standardized measurements of leg power. Future larger studies of more diverse older adults with well-defined @entity102 using standard measures of leg power and interventions to improve leg power in these older adults with @entity102 are needed.

title: A review of the relationship between leg power and selected XXXX in older adults.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22 base pair-long non-coding RNAs which regulate gene expression in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells by binding to specific target regions in mRNAs to mediate transcriptional blocking or mRNA cleavage. Through their fundamental roles in cellular pathways, gene regulation mediated by miRNAs has been shown to be involved in almost all biological phenomena, including development, metabolism, cell cycle, @entity5 formation, and host-pathogen interactions. To address the latter in a primitive vertebrate host, we here used an array platform to analyze the miRNA response in @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) following inoculation with the virulent fish rhabdovirus @entity548 virus. Two clustered miRNAs, miR-462 and miR-731 (herein referred to as miR-462 cluster), described only in teleost fishes, were found to be strongly upregulated, indicating their involvement in fish-virus interactions. We searched for homologues of the two teleost miRNAs in other vertebrate species and investigated whether findings related to ours have been reported for these homologues. Gene synteny analysis along with gene sequence conservation suggested that the teleost fish miR-462 and miR-731 had evolved from the ancestral @entity22076 and @entity24628 (herein called @entity22076 cluster), respectively. Whereas the miR-462 cluster locus is found between two protein-coding genes (intergenic) in teleost fish genomes, the @entity22076 cluster locus is found within an intron of a protein-coding gene (intragenic) in the @entity1 genome. Interferon (IFN)-inducible and immune-related promoter elements found upstream of the teleost miR-462 cluster locus suggested roles in immune responses to viral pathogens in fish, while in @entity1 , the @entity22076 cluster functionally associated with cell cycle regulation. Stimulation of fish cell cultures with the IFN inducer poly I:C accordingly upregulated the expression of miR-462 and miR-731, while no stimulatory effect on @entity22076 and @entity24628 expression was observed in @entity1 cell lines. Despite high sequence conservation, evolution has thus resulted in different regulation and presumably also different functional roles of these orthologous miRNA clusters in different vertebrate lineages.

title: Two Virus-Induced MicroRNAs Known Only from Teleost Fishes Are Orthologues of MicroRNAs Involved in Cell Cycle Control in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Viral hemorrhagic septicaemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Humans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction: The beginning of the nano-era started with the appearance of artificial nanosized supramolecular systems called nanomaterials and nanoparticles (NPs). Areas covered: In the present review, we have analyzed the patents on @entity3151 -based nanomaterials ( @entity16820 , quantum dots [QDs], @entity15583 , liposomes, dendrimers, gold and @entity575 NPs) in biology and medicine. Their impact in treatment of @entity5 and @entity65 is discussed. Expert opinion: Liposomes and dendrimers had the highest number of biomedical patents. The third candidates were QDs and the fourth and fifth were gold and @entity575 NPs. @entity16820 and @entity505 nanotubes have the fewest applications in biology and medicine. Thus, our first conclusion was about the 'unifying nanotoxicology paradigm', that 'soft' NPs are significantly more biocompatible than 'hard' NPs. There has been a trend of these nanomaterials being applied in medicine drug and gene delivery, visualization of cells and pathologic processes, using them as antivirals and antimicrobials, contrast agents, antioxidants and photosensitizers. It was unexpected that no patents were found in which @entity3151 NPs were used in 3D printing of bones and other biological tissues. The conclusion reached is that nanomaterials are promising tools in future medical applications.

title: XXXX -containing nanoparticles: biomedical patents review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer, viral infections']

entities_list: @entity16820 :: ('MESH:D037741', 'Chemical') :: ['fullerenes', 'Fullerenes']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['Phosphorus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Transformation of @entity706 ( @entity706 ) into aggressive disease and relapse of de novo @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) are considered highly unfavourable events. However, most published data were acquired when rituximab was not routinely used. We retrospectively analysed 50 @entity1 with transformed @entity706 (tFL) in a multicenter study and compared them to 50 individuals with relapsed @entity1892 (rDLBCL) who all obtained rituximab for the treatment of their disease. Our goal was to identify factors that predict a more favourable prognosis. After a median follow-up of 5.4  years from diagnosis, there was no significant difference in median overall survival (OS) from the date of transformation (tFL) or date of the first relapse (rDLBCL) (1.9 versus 3.9  years, P   =   .542). Of note, 5-year OS of @entity1 with tFL was 46  %. @entity706 @entity1 , treatment na  ve prior to transformation, fared significantly better than pretreated @entity1 (median not reached versus 1.4  years, P   =   .014). Regarding rDLBCL, female gender (13.9 versus 1.8  years, P   =   .019) and absence of rituximab prior to the first relapse (14.0 versus 1.8  years, P   =   .035) were favourable prognostic factors in a uni- and multivariate analysis. Only a proportion of @entity1 received high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT), i.e. 38 and 52  % of @entity1 with tFL and rDLBCL, respectively. Our data indicate that a favourable prognosis is conferred by treatment naivety in tFL and by rituximab naivety in rDLBCL. In contrast, we did not find a prognostic impact of HDT-ASCT in our series.

title: Impact of prior treatment on outcome of transformed @entity706 and relapsed de novo XXXX : a retrospective multicentre analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'diffuse large B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['FL', 'Follicular lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['diffuse large B cell lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Transformation of @entity706 ( @entity706 ) into aggressive disease and relapse of de novo @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) are considered highly unfavourable events. However, most published data were acquired when rituximab was not routinely used. We retrospectively analysed 50 @entity1 with transformed @entity706 (tFL) in a multicenter study and compared them to 50 individuals with relapsed @entity1892 (rDLBCL) who all obtained rituximab for the treatment of their disease. Our goal was to identify factors that predict a more favourable prognosis. After a median follow-up of 5.4  years from diagnosis, there was no significant difference in median overall survival (OS) from the date of transformation (tFL) or date of the first relapse (rDLBCL) (1.9 versus 3.9  years, P   =   .542). Of note, 5-year OS of @entity1 with tFL was 46  %. @entity706 @entity1 , treatment na  ve prior to transformation, fared significantly better than pretreated @entity1 (median not reached versus 1.4  years, P   =   .014). Regarding rDLBCL, female gender (13.9 versus 1.8  years, P   =   .019) and absence of rituximab prior to the first relapse (14.0 versus 1.8  years, P   =   .035) were favourable prognostic factors in a uni- and multivariate analysis. Only a proportion of @entity1 received high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT), i.e. 38 and 52  % of @entity1 with tFL and rDLBCL, respectively. Our data indicate that a favourable prognosis is conferred by treatment naivety in tFL and by rituximab naivety in rDLBCL. In contrast, we did not find a prognostic impact of HDT-ASCT in our series.

title: Impact of prior treatment on outcome of transformed XXXX and relapsed de novo @entity1892 : a retrospective multicentre analysis.

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mean duration of treatment course with fondaparinux 2.5mg ( @entity27408 (  )) in the setting of ambulatory general medicine, with respect to its indication in thromboprophylaxis for medically ill @entity1 and to describe the population treated. METHODS: Observational, prospective, national, multicenter, pharmaco-epidemiological study, performed in France, at the request of the Transparency Commission (a division of the French Health Regulatory Authority). The general practitioners had to include the first three adult @entity1 , considered as @entity1 at high risk of venous @entity1031 and immobilized for acute medical illness, treated with initiation of thromboprophylaxis by fondaparinux 2.5mg. RESULTS: Two hundred and seventeen general practitioners included 840 @entity1 . The mean age of @entity1 was 63.6  18.1years, and 63% of @entity1 (n=520/831) were females. The real total administration duration of the treatment by fondaparinux 2.5mg was known for 797 @entity1 and was 15.8  12.4 days on average (range: 1-90days, median: 10days). In 40% of @entity1 , the duration ranged from 6 to 14days [duration consistent with the summary of product characteristics (SmPC)]. Among the 834 @entity1 analyzed, 569 (68%) suffered from at least one acute illness and had at least one risk factor for @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). The indication did fully comply with the summary of product characteristics of fondaparinux 2.5mg in 52% of the @entity1 (n=434/834 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: The results of the ArchiMed study support that the thromboprophylaxis treatment with fondaparinux 2.5mg in ambulatory general medicine, and the associated medical conditions were usually consistent with the SmPC or guidelines. However, a difference was found for the duration and the initial indication, in situations that may be regarded as presenting a risk by the prescriber.

title: [Prevention of venous XXXX by fondaparinux 2.5mg in general practice. ArchiMed Ville].

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic events']


abstract: The authors have studied the anatomic variations of the @entity129 (N. @entity2520 ) in 18 @entity1 heads. The mandibular nerve being free by medial abord. At about half of the studied cases the M. pterygoideus medialis presents a widened insertion extending on the posterior border of the Ramus mandibulae. Before entering into the mandibular channel the @entity129 separated from the next elements by expansion of "apon  vrose interpt  rygoidienne". At this level gets sympathic branches from the plexus caroticus externus et internus, making a plexiform structure interfering sometimes a vegetative ganglion formation. At 16.6% of the cases between the @entity129 are established connection bridges more or less developed. They have an asymetric aspect. There were observed evident connections between the @entity129 and the @entity8810 taking a mono- or pluriradicular form. The mylohyoidian nerve on his homonymous way gives 2--3 sensitive, or vegetative branches to the bone. Practically speaking are important the branches coming from the precanalicular portion of n. @entity2520 perforating the periost and penetrating independently in to mandibula through separated vents. These results are practically useful in Stomatological technique explaining from an anatomically point of view the inefficiency of mandibular anaesthesia in some cases although it is correctly applied.

title: [Anatomical variations of the nervus XXXX and their importance for the practice (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar inferior nerve and the lingual nerve', 'inferior alveolar nerve']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['auriculotemporal nerve']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['alveolaris inferior']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['alveolaris inferior']


abstract: Spontaneous @entity977 have been studied by light and electron microscopy in female C57BL/6J @entity19 at 2 1/2, 11, 15, 22, 23, 24 and 30 months. @entity5 were evident macroscopically in greater than 50% of @entity19 22 months or older, and greater than 80% on microscopic evaluation. Active and hypertrophied mammotrophs were the predominant cell type within the @entity5 at 22-30 months, often totally filling large portions of the @entity5 mass. Exocytosis of secretory granules was extensive from the mammotrophs, but much less abundant from other parenchymal cells. Somatotrophs and gonadotrophs were also present, and appeared active and often strikingly hypertrophied. The @entity5 were characterized by disruptions of parenchymal and capillary integrity which resulted in the formation of large vascular lakes lined solely by @entity5 cells, generally mammotrophs. Apparent metastasis of @entity5 cells into the vascular lakes was also observed. In 11- and 15-month @entity19 small @entity5 or pretumor foci were evident in some @entity19 on microscopic evaluation, although they were not visible macroscopically. Their degree of development was somewhat variable, but they had essentially the same features as more advanced @entity5 in older @entity19 . pretumor foci were characterized by more moderate disruptions of parenchymal cell and capillary integrity; cellular @entity1184 , particularly of somatotrophs and gonadotrophs; and the presence of small vascular lakes. In 2 1/2-month @entity19 @entity5 could not be localized macroscopically or microscopically, and the pituitary was composed of well-defined cell cords and an intact capillary bed. However, small focal zones of capillary and tissue disruption were apparent occasionally in 2 1/2-month @entity19 . These findings indicate that the process of pituitary tumorigenesis in female C57BL/6J @entity19 is initiated by midlife, with subsequent progressive development into large, mammotroph-dominated @entity5 .

title: Pituitary tumorigenesis in aging female C57BL/6J XXXX : a light and electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1653 are @entity5 of the arachnoid cap cells. Usually they are referred to according to their location. They are primarily treated with surgery. They tend to recur following surgery. @entity1804 frequently present with @entity227 . Our @entity1 is a case of recurrent @entity1804 . The visual acuity in one eye was No Perception of Light( @entity49815 ). From @entity49815 , the visual acuity improved to 6/12 in six months after @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ). This case emphasizes the importance and the need for aggressive management. It also shows the use of radiotherapy techniques used in synergy to produce the necessary results.

title: Regaining vision from no perception of light after radiotherapy for a case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1804 :: ('MESH:D020863', 'Disease') :: ['suprasellar meningioma', 'Suprasellar meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['High Precision Irradiation', 'HPI']

answer: @entity1804 :: (MESH:D020863,Disease) :: ['suprasellar meningioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: Our aim was to analyze the relationship for 3 elective operations between outcome [ @entity1 -reported outcome measures (PROMs) for functional status, health-related quality of life, and @entity260 ] and both hospital and consultant volume. METHODS:: Hospitals ( @entity9462 and independent) and consultants undertaking at least 10 @entity9462 -funded procedures during 2011/2012 were included (230 hospitals for hip and knee replacement, 257 for @entity547 repair; 978 consultants for hip replacement, 1172 for knee replacement, and 1288 for @entity547 repair). Outcomes (disease-specific and generic PROMs, @entity1 -reported complications) were available from the @entity9462 National PROMs Programme for 2009/2010 to 2011/2012. Relationship between case-mix adjusted outcomes and volume investigated using multilevel modeling. RESULTS:: There was considerable variation in hospital volumes (about 10-fold) and consultant volumes (about 5-fold). No significant association was observed between hospital volume and outcome for all 3 procedures. For consultant volume, there was no significant association for knee replacement or @entity547 repair. However, outcomes were statistically significantly better for hip replacement, although the effect was of little clinical significance: an additional 10 cases was associated with a higher Oxford Hip Score (0.06), higher EQ-5D score (0.001), and lower odds ratio of complications (0.992). CONCLUSIONS:: There are unlikely to be any benefits to @entity1 from centralization of elective surgery into higher volume hospitals as regards the effectiveness of surgery or the avoidance of minor complications. There is some evidence that very low volume consultants achieve poorer outcomes than higher volume colleagues but the difference is slight and of little or no clinical significance.

title: Relationship Between XXXX -reported Outcomes of Elective Surgery and Hospital and Consultant Volume.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Computed tomography angiography (CTA) detects signs of @entity1333 ( @entity1333 ) in about 67.5% of @entity1 with @entity226 ( @entity226 ) at the time of diagnosis and early @entity384 in 15%. The outcome of CTA-findings of @entity1333 upon glucocorticoid treatment has not been prospectively evaluated.The aim of our study was to prospectively assess glucocorticoid-induced changes in CTA findings of @entity1333 in @entity1 with @entity226 .Forty biopsy-proven @entity226 @entity1 evaluated by CTA at diagnosis were prospectively followed and scheduled a new CTA approximately after 1 year of treatment. Vessel wall thickening, diameter, and contrast enhancement of the aorta and its tributaries were evaluated. Results were compared to those obtained at the time of diagnosis.CTA was repeated to 35 @entity1 after a median follow-up of 13.5 months (IQ25-75% 12.4-15.8). Arterial wall thickening was still present in 17 @entity1 (68% of the @entity1 who initially had @entity1333 ). The number of affected segments and wall thickness at various aortic segments significantly decreased and no @entity1 developed new lesions, new aortic dilation or increase in previous dilation. Contrast enhancement disappeared in 15 (93.75%) of 16 @entity1 in whom this finding could be assessed.Signs of @entity1333 improve with treatment. While contrast enhancement resolves in the majority of @entity1 , vessel wall thickening persists in two thirds. However, the number of affected aortic segments as well as aortic wall thickness significantly decreases. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine the clinical significance of persisting wall thickening and its relationship with relapses or subsequent development of @entity384 or large-vessel stenoses.

title: Effect of Glucocorticoid Treatment on Computed Tomography Angiography Detected Large-Vessel Inflammation in XXXX . A Prospective, Longitudinal Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['GCA', 'giant-cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['LVV', 'large-vessel vasculitis']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['Giant-Cell Arteritis']


abstract: Two cholinesterase (ChE) fractions were extracted from homogenates of @entity95 skeletal muscle. One of them the sarcoplasmic ChE could be dissolved quantitatively with solution A. Following the extraction with solution B the myofibrillar ChE fraction could be recovered. The @entity32714 of the sarcoplasmic extract was about 38% and the activity of myofibrillar extract was about 50% of the @entity32714 of muscle homogenates. According to our calculations about 10-12% of the total @entity32714 is insoluble. By the aid of PAGE seven zones of @entity32714 could be distinguished in the sarcoplasmic extract. The activity of myofibrillar ChE-fraction was obtained by chromatographic purification of LMM. The LMM1 proved to be inhomogeneous with PAGE, however, only one fraction displayed @entity32714 . Immune-serum produced against myosin did not give reaction with purified sarcoplasmic ChE, only with the myofibrillar fraction. Our results suggest that the heterogeneous distribution of muscle ChE-es in different molecular forms is not an artifact.

title: Distribution of cholinesterases of XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity32714 :: ('MESH:C537417', 'Disease') :: ['ChE-activity']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chronic @entity490 is a common symptom of @entity29 and often persists in the absence of gut @entity32 . Although the mechanisms responsible for ongoing @entity158 are unknown, clinical and preclinical evidence suggests lumbosacral spinal cord dorsal horn neurons contribute to these symptoms. At present, we know little about the intrinsic and synaptic properties of this population of neurons in either normal or inflammed conditions. Therefore, we developed an in vivo preparation to make patch-clamp recordings from superficial dorsal horn (SDH) neurons receiving colonic inputs in na  ve male @entity19 . Recordings were made in the lumbosacral spinal cord (L6-S1) under @entity5161 anesthesia. Noxious @entity14 ( @entity14 ) was used to determine whether SDH neurons received inputs from mechanical stimulation/distension of the colon. Responses to hind paw/tail cutaneous stimulation and intrinsic and synaptic properties were also assessed, as well as action potential discharge properties. Approximately 11% of lumbosacral SDH neurons in the cohort of neurons sampled responded to @entity14 and a majority of these responses were subthreshold. Most @entity14 (80%) also responded to cutaneous stimuli, compared with <50% of @entity14 -non-responsive neurons. Furthermore, @entity14 had more hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials, larger rheobase currents, and reduced levels of excitatory drive, compared to @entity14 -non-responsive neurons. Our results demonstrate that @entity14 can be distinguished from @entity14 -non-responsive neurons by several differences in their membrane properties and excitatory synaptic inputs. We also demonstrate that SDH neurons with colonic inputs show predominately subthreshold responses to @entity14 and exhibit a high degree of viscerosomatic convergence.

title: In vivo characterization of colorectal and cutaneous inputs to lumbosacral dorsal horn neurons in the XXXX spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRD-responsive neurons', 'CRD', 'colorectal distension']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Benign @entity1376 (BMNG) is the most common @entity4903 requiring surgery. During the last few years a more @entity146 approach has become the trend for bilateral BMNG treatment. METHOD: Randomized clinical trials of any size that compared bilateral subtotal resection, Dunhill procedure and total thyroidectomy for benign @entity1376 , published between January 2000 and the end of March 2015, were reviewed. DISCUSSION: Total thyroidectomy can be considered the most reliable approach in preventing recurrence. The Dunhill procedure is related to a higher rate of recurrence, but rarely recurrences after Dunhill procedure lead to reoperation. Total thyroidectomy avoid completion thyroidectomy for incidental @entity189 and its related risks. Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy becomes less common as surgical experience increases. Transient and @entity2319 is strictly related to the extent of neck dissection. In the risk-cost analysis we must consider the type of @entity1 candidated to surgery and the impact of the surgical protocol we apply. When thyroid surgery is taken in consideration, specific complication rates of different procedures in each hospital must be analyzed accordingly to @entity1 -specific risk factors and local expertise. CONCLUSION: The Dunhill procedure seems to be a good compromise between radicality and prevention of complications, avoiding reoperation for recurrence or completion thyroidectomy for incidental @entity259 . More follow-up studies and prospective studies are necessary to better evaluate, definitively, whether to prefer total thyroidectomy or Dunhill procedure in case of benign goiter surgery.

title: XXXX : What is the adequate surgical therapy? A review of literature.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine disease']

answer: @entity1376 :: (MESH:C564546,Disease) :: ['Bilateral benign multinodular goiter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (DCA) is the continuous counterregulation of cerebral blood flow to fluctuations in blood pressure. DCA can become impaired after @entity64 , but it remains unclear to what extent and over what interval this occurs. METHODS: We included 28 @entity1 (NIHSS = 12    6.5, age = 68.4    17.1, 16F) with acute large-vessel @entity385 in the middle cerebral artery territory and 29 healthy controls (mean age 54.9    9, 16F). DCA was assessed by simultaneous measurement of blood pressure together with blood flow velocities using finger plethysmography/arterial catheter and transcranial Doppler over three 10-minute recordings on days 0-2, 3-6 and >= 7 days after @entity64 . Transfer function analysis was applied to calculate average phase shift (PS) in the low frequency range (0.06-0.12 Hz). Less PS indicated poorer autoregulation. The affected side was compared with the unaffected side and controls. Univariate comparisons of data were performed using t tests at single time points, and generalized estimating equations with an exchangeable correlation matrix to examine the change in PS over time. RESULTS: At mean 1.3    0.5 days after @entity64 the average PS in the affected hemisphere was 29.6    10.5 vs. 42.5    13 degrees in the unaffected hemisphere (p = 0.004). At 4.1    1 days, the PS in affected and unaffected hemisphere was 23.2    19.1 vs. 41.7    18.5 degrees, respectively (p = 0.003). At mean 9.75    2.2 days @entity64 there was no difference between the affected and the unaffected hemisphere (53.2    28.2 vs. 50.7    29.2 degrees, p = 0.69). Control subjects had an average PS = 47.9    16.8, significantly different from @entity1 ' affected hemisphere at the first two measurements (p = 0.001), but not the third (p = 0.37). The PS in controls remained unchanged on repeat testing after an average 19.1 days (48.4    17.1, p = 0.61). Using the last recording as the reference, the average PS in the affected hemisphere was -23.54 (-44.1, -3) degrees lower on recording one (p = 0.025), and -31.6 (-56.1, -7.1) degrees lower on recording two (p < 0.011). Changes in the unaffected hemisphere over time were nonsignificant. DISCUSSION: These data suggest that dynamic cerebral autoregulation is impaired in the affected hemisphere throughout the first week after large-vessel @entity385 , and then normalizes by week two. These findings may have important implications for acute blood pressure management after @entity64 .

title: Dynamic cerebral autoregulation is transiently impaired for one week after large-vessel acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: AIMS: Body cell mass is directly proportional to the bioimpedance phase-angle which is an indicator of the amount of electrical charge that cell membranes can hold and is an index of cellular health and function. To evaluate whether the bioimpedance phase angle is relevant for indicating catabolism in @entity1 with @entity6 and whether it discriminates between @entity1 with @entity6 receiving different types of therapy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 182 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and 107 age- and BMI-matched control subjects. The phase angle was measured at 5, 50 and 100 kHz using multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. The phase angles were compared among different @entity6 therapy groups (untreated @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity1 receiving oral antidiabetic drugs and @entity1 receiving insulin therapy). RESULTS: The phase angle at 100 kHz strongly correlated with total body @entity972 (r  =  0.70, P  =  0.001), and was therefore a good indicator of body cell mass. The phase angle at 100 kHz discriminated more strongly between @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and control subjects than did the phase angle at 50 kHz. Compared with control subjects, @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 had a smaller phase angle at 100 kHz ( @entity1 : 5.2   vs. 4.5  , P  <  0.0001; @entity1 : 4.8   vs. 4.2  , P  <  0.0001) and a smaller phase angle at 50 kHz ( @entity1 : 5.9   vs. 5.3  , P  <  0.0001; @entity1 : 5.4   vs. 4.8  , P  =  0.0001), but a larger phase angle at 5 kHz ( @entity1 : 2.0   vs. 2.6  , P  =  0.0001; @entity1 : 2.3   vs. 3.0  , P  =  0.00001). Phase angle ratios better discriminated between @entity1 and control subjects than phase angles alone (phase angle at 5  kHz/ phase angle at 50 kHz ratio, P  =  1.51  *  10(-16) ; phase angle at 5kHz/phase angle at 100  kHz ratio, P  =  2.13  *  10(-15) ). No differences were found among phase angles in the different therapy groups. In @entity1 with @entity6 , the phase angle at 50 kHz and the phase angle at 100 kHz correlated inversely with duration of disease ( @entity1 : P  =  0.026, P  =  0.016; @entity1 : only phase angle at 100 kHz, P  =  0.003) and with HbA1c concentration ( @entity1 : P  =  0.010, P  =  0.001; @entity1 : P  =  0.007, P  =  0.043). CONCLUSIONS: The phase angle at 100 kHz is a promising measurement for assessing catabolic state in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Bioimpedance phase angle indicates catabolism in XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: AIMS: Body cell mass is directly proportional to the bioimpedance phase-angle which is an indicator of the amount of electrical charge that cell membranes can hold and is an index of cellular health and function. To evaluate whether the bioimpedance phase angle is relevant for indicating catabolism in @entity1 with @entity6 and whether it discriminates between @entity1 with @entity6 receiving different types of therapy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 182 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and 107 age- and BMI-matched control subjects. The phase angle was measured at 5, 50 and 100 kHz using multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. The phase angles were compared among different @entity6 therapy groups (untreated @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity1 receiving oral antidiabetic drugs and @entity1 receiving insulin therapy). RESULTS: The phase angle at 100 kHz strongly correlated with total body @entity972 (r  =  0.70, P  =  0.001), and was therefore a good indicator of body cell mass. The phase angle at 100 kHz discriminated more strongly between @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and control subjects than did the phase angle at 50 kHz. Compared with control subjects, @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 had a smaller phase angle at 100 kHz ( @entity1 : 5.2   vs. 4.5  , P  <  0.0001; @entity1 : 4.8   vs. 4.2  , P  <  0.0001) and a smaller phase angle at 50 kHz ( @entity1 : 5.9   vs. 5.3  , P  <  0.0001; @entity1 : 5.4   vs. 4.8  , P  =  0.0001), but a larger phase angle at 5 kHz ( @entity1 : 2.0   vs. 2.6  , P  =  0.0001; @entity1 : 2.3   vs. 3.0  , P  =  0.00001). Phase angle ratios better discriminated between @entity1 and control subjects than phase angles alone (phase angle at 5  kHz/ phase angle at 50 kHz ratio, P  =  1.51  *  10(-16) ; phase angle at 5kHz/phase angle at 100  kHz ratio, P  =  2.13  *  10(-15) ). No differences were found among phase angles in the different therapy groups. In @entity1 with @entity6 , the phase angle at 50 kHz and the phase angle at 100 kHz correlated inversely with duration of disease ( @entity1 : P  =  0.026, P  =  0.016; @entity1 : only phase angle at 100 kHz, P  =  0.003) and with HbA1c concentration ( @entity1 : P  =  0.010, P  =  0.001; @entity1 : P  =  0.007, P  =  0.043). CONCLUSIONS: The phase angle at 100 kHz is a promising measurement for assessing catabolic state in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Bioimpedance phase angle indicates catabolism in @entity164 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: Plasma @entity412 /high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratios (TG/HDL-C) have been shown to identify apparently healthy individuals at increased cardio-metabolic risk. This study evaluates the utility of this approach in @entity1 at risk of developing @entity6 . METHODS: Individuals (n=1010) in a private practice identified at increased risk of type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist criteria, were evaluated. Subjects had measurements of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), lipid/lipoprotein concentrations, highly sensitive @entity1851 (hs-CRP), and @entity413 , insulin and c-peptide concentrations during a 75gm, @entity413 challenge. The TG/HDL-C ratio was used to stratify individuals into high (highest quartile) vs. low (lowest 3 quartiles) risk categories. RESULTS: TG/HDL-C ratios identifying the highest quartile differed in @entity1 (>=  3.0) and @entity1 (>=  2.0). Using these cut-points, the high risk group for @entity1 and @entity1 had significantly higher BP, a more adverse lipid profile, was more insulin resistant as assessed by HOMA-IR, or the Matsuda index and had higher hs-CRP concentrations for @entity1 and @entity1 . Combined, approximately 25% of highest quartile @entity1 expressed values >=  3.0 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: The TG/HDL-C ratio provides a simple approach to identify individuals at accentuated cardio-metabolic risk within a population of perceived increased risk of T2DM. This was particularly the case as regards the presence of insulin resistance. Given the many syndromes associated with insulin resistance, including T2DM and @entity301 , an elevated TG/HDL-C ratio supports more aggressive efforts to enhance insulin sensitivity.

title: XXXX /High-Density Lipoprotein @entity165 Concentration Ratio Identifies Accentuated Cardio-Metabolic Risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['Triglyceride']


abstract: PURPOSE: Plasma @entity412 /high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratios (TG/HDL-C) have been shown to identify apparently healthy individuals at increased cardio-metabolic risk. This study evaluates the utility of this approach in @entity1 at risk of developing @entity6 . METHODS: Individuals (n=1010) in a private practice identified at increased risk of type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist criteria, were evaluated. Subjects had measurements of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), lipid/lipoprotein concentrations, highly sensitive @entity1851 (hs-CRP), and @entity413 , insulin and c-peptide concentrations during a 75gm, @entity413 challenge. The TG/HDL-C ratio was used to stratify individuals into high (highest quartile) vs. low (lowest 3 quartiles) risk categories. RESULTS: TG/HDL-C ratios identifying the highest quartile differed in @entity1 (>=  3.0) and @entity1 (>=  2.0). Using these cut-points, the high risk group for @entity1 and @entity1 had significantly higher BP, a more adverse lipid profile, was more insulin resistant as assessed by HOMA-IR, or the Matsuda index and had higher hs-CRP concentrations for @entity1 and @entity1 . Combined, approximately 25% of highest quartile @entity1 expressed values >=  3.0 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: The TG/HDL-C ratio provides a simple approach to identify individuals at accentuated cardio-metabolic risk within a population of perceived increased risk of T2DM. This was particularly the case as regards the presence of insulin resistance. Given the many syndromes associated with insulin resistance, including T2DM and @entity301 , an elevated TG/HDL-C ratio supports more aggressive efforts to enhance insulin sensitivity.

title: @entity412 /High-Density Lipoprotein XXXX Concentration Ratio Identifies Accentuated Cardio-Metabolic Risk.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( @entity6824 ), also known as @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ), and its receptor @entity6823 have been correlated with poor prognosis in many @entity5 types including @entity0 . Herein, we investigated the prognostic impact of @entity6824 and @entity6823 expression in @entity5 epithelial and stromal compartments in primary @entity0 and axillary lymph node @entity3 . In addition, the density of @entity469 + @entity5 -associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD3+ T-lymphocytes was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumor tissue was obtained at the time of primary surgery from 68 prior treatment @entity0 @entity1 , 38 with axillary lymph node @entity3 and 30 @entity1 without @entity3 . Digital video analysis was performed on immunohistochemically stained slides. RESULTS: The expression of @entity6824 , @entity6823 and the density of TAMs and CD3+ T-lymphocytes were then correlated to @entity3 and disease-specific mortality. Metastasized primary @entity5 had higher @entity5 epithelial and stromal expressions of @entity6824 (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively) and @entity6823 (both p=0.03) compared to non-metastatic @entity5 . Similar findings were made for the density of @entity469 + (p=0.003) and CD3+ cells in the @entity5 epithelium (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, a high @entity5 epithelial expression of @entity6824 in primary @entity0 predicted mortality (hazard ratio (HR)=8.6, p=0.039). CONCLUSION: High expression of @entity6824 and @entity6823 and high density of TAMs and CD3+ T-lymphocytes were related to @entity0 progression. @entity6824 expression in @entity5 epithelium predicted @entity0 mortality.

title: Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor ( XXXX ) Predicts @entity0 Progression and Mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['CSF1', 'colony-stimulating factor-1']

answer: @entity6824 :: (1435,Gene) :: ['CSF1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( @entity6824 ), also known as @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ), and its receptor @entity6823 have been correlated with poor prognosis in many @entity5 types including @entity0 . Herein, we investigated the prognostic impact of @entity6824 and @entity6823 expression in @entity5 epithelial and stromal compartments in primary @entity0 and axillary lymph node @entity3 . In addition, the density of @entity469 + @entity5 -associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD3+ T-lymphocytes was examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tumor tissue was obtained at the time of primary surgery from 68 prior treatment @entity0 @entity1 , 38 with axillary lymph node @entity3 and 30 @entity1 without @entity3 . Digital video analysis was performed on immunohistochemically stained slides. RESULTS: The expression of @entity6824 , @entity6823 and the density of TAMs and CD3+ T-lymphocytes were then correlated to @entity3 and disease-specific mortality. Metastasized primary @entity5 had higher @entity5 epithelial and stromal expressions of @entity6824 (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively) and @entity6823 (both p=0.03) compared to non-metastatic @entity5 . Similar findings were made for the density of @entity469 + (p=0.003) and CD3+ cells in the @entity5 epithelium (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, a high @entity5 epithelial expression of @entity6824 in primary @entity0 predicted mortality (hazard ratio (HR)=8.6, p=0.039). CONCLUSION: High expression of @entity6824 and @entity6823 and high density of TAMs and CD3+ T-lymphocytes were related to @entity0 progression. @entity6824 expression in @entity5 epithelium predicted @entity0 mortality.

title: Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor ( @entity6824 ) Predicts XXXX Progression and Mortality.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of metastatic @entity263 ( @entity263 ) is rapidly evolving. Rationalisation of treatment requires identification of those @entity1 more likely to benefit from a particular therapy. We reviewed the outcome of @entity1 treated with @entity17931 at our Institution to describe factors predictive for response. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with CRCP treated with @entity17931 were identified. Baseline variables and potential prognostic factors were extracted from electronic records. Outcome measures included @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity1486 (PSA) response and time to PSA progression (TTPP). The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze survival data. RESULTS: A total of 61 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. In multivariate analysis, three independent predictors of @entity1349 were identified: Duration of response to @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) (hazard ratio(HR)=0.95, p=0.006), performance status (HR=7.4, p=0.013), and baseline haemoglobin (HR=0.47, p <=0.001). CONCLUSION: This study has identified three factors predictive for response to @entity17931 in @entity263 . Duration of response to ADT has not been previously shown to be a predictive factor for @entity1 with CRCP. We suggest that a prospective validation is required.

title: Predictive factors for response to XXXX in metastatic @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity17931 :: ('MESH:C089740', 'Chemical') :: ['abiraterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['CRPC', 'castration refractory prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity17931 :: (MESH:C089740,Chemical) :: ['abiraterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of metastatic @entity263 ( @entity263 ) is rapidly evolving. Rationalisation of treatment requires identification of those @entity1 more likely to benefit from a particular therapy. We reviewed the outcome of @entity1 treated with @entity17931 at our Institution to describe factors predictive for response. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with CRCP treated with @entity17931 were identified. Baseline variables and potential prognostic factors were extracted from electronic records. Outcome measures included @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity1486 (PSA) response and time to PSA progression (TTPP). The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze survival data. RESULTS: A total of 61 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. In multivariate analysis, three independent predictors of @entity1349 were identified: Duration of response to @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT) (hazard ratio(HR)=0.95, p=0.006), performance status (HR=7.4, p=0.013), and baseline haemoglobin (HR=0.47, p <=0.001). CONCLUSION: This study has identified three factors predictive for response to @entity17931 in @entity263 . Duration of response to ADT has not been previously shown to be a predictive factor for @entity1 with CRCP. We suggest that a prospective validation is required.

title: Predictive factors for response to @entity17931 in metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['castration refractory prostate cancer']


abstract: Rates of H+ secretion and transepithelial resistance were measured for gastric mucosas from neonatal piglets before and after the addition of @entity112 and with the deployment of conditions that inhibit @entity5828 secretion. At designated times tissue biopsy specimens were taken and prepared for electron microscopy. Oxyntic cell morphology was evaluated by classification of the cells into one of four categories: resting, partially stimulated, stimulated, or returning. Morphologic profiles for each experimental condition were thus established. In order to assess this method of quantitation, detailed morphometric analyses of oxyntic cells from resting and stimulated preparations were undertaken. The observed differences in tubulovesicular and microvillar surface densities were similar to those of previous investigators and correlated well with the morphologic profiles for these conditions. Actively secreting gastric preparations subjected to 15 mM @entity13672 , substrate deprivation, or removal of @entity112 showed an inhibition of @entity5828 secretion coupled with an increase in tissue resistance. However, only the morphologic profile of cells from the latter condition was different from that observed for control stimulated cells; @entity112 removal caused cells to be predominantly of a resting or returning morphology. Treatment of resting tissue with SCN- or removal of substrate inhibited subsequent @entity112 -induced secretion though tissue resistance decreased somewhat (approximately 15%). The morphologic profile of cells from these conditions was similar to that of control stimulated cells, despite the lack of acid secretion. These data support the hypothesis that oxyntic cell morphology does not absolutely dictate the secretory state of the tissue and that the resistance of gastric mucosa cannot be accounted for solely by the ultrastructure (i.e., surface area) of oxyntic cells.

title: Inhibition of XXXX secretion and the effects on ultrastructure and electrical resistance in isolated piglet gastric mucosa.

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity5828 :: (CHEBI:17883,Chemical) :: ['HCl']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disuse @entity2331 and @entity604 have been extensively reported in long duration space mission and long term bed rest. The pathology of the @entity604 is similar to @entity170 but highly confined to weight bearing bones. The current anabolic and/or anti-resorptive drugs have systemic effects and are costly over extended time, with concerns of long term @entity174 risk. This study use @entity258 ( @entity258 ) as a non-invasive acoustic force and anabolic stimulus to countermeasure disuse induced @entity604 . Four-month old C57BL/6 @entity19 were randomized into five groups, 1) age-matched (AM), 2) non-suspended sham (NS), 3) non-suspended- @entity258 (NU), 4) suspended sham (SS), and 5) suspended- @entity258 (SU) groups. After four weeks of suspension,  CT analyses showed significant decreases in trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (-36%, p<0.005), bone @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) (-3%, p<0.05), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (-12.5%, p<0.005), and increase in bone surface/bone volume (+BS/BV) (+16%, p<0.005), relative to age-matched (AM). The application of @entity258 for 20min/day for 5days/week, significantly increased @entity3145 (+3%, p<0.05), Tb.Th (+6%, p<0.05), and decreased BS/BV (-10%, p<0.005), relative to suspension alone (SS) @entity19 . Histomorphometry analyses showed a breakdown of bone microstructure under disuse conditions consist with  CT results. In comparison to SS @entity19 , @entity258 treated bone showed increased structural integrity with increased bone formation rates at metaphysical endosteal and trabecular surfaces (+0.104  0.07 vs 0.031  0.30 m(3)/ m(2)/day) relative to SS. Four-point bending mechanical tests of disused SS femurs showed reduced elastic modulus (-53%, p<0.05), yield (-33%, p<0.05) and ultimate strength (-45%, p<0.05) at the femoral diaphysis relative to AM bone. @entity258 stimulation mitigated the adverse effects of disuse on bone elastic modulus (+42%, p<0.05), yield strength (+29%, p<0.05), and ultimate strength (+39%, p<0.05) relative to SS femurs. @entity258 provides the essential mechanical stimulus to retain bone morphological and mechanical integrity in disuse conditions. This study demonstrates @entity258 potential as regional therapeutic agent to countermeasure disuse induced @entity604 while maintaining bone's integrity.

title: Dynamic acoustic radiation force retains bone structural and mechanical integrity in a functional disuse XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'tissue mineral density']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LIPUS', 'Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound']

answer: @entity2331 :: (MESH:D001851,Disease) :: ['osteopenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neutrophil infiltration is a hallmark of @entity7936 ; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously reported that chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding synergistically induces hepatic recruitment of neutrophils, which contributes to @entity99 . In this paper, we investigated the roles of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding-induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration and @entity99 . Wild-type and two strains of iNKT cell-deficient @entity19 ( @entity776 - and Ja18-deficient @entity19 ) were subjected to chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding. @entity99 and @entity32 were examined. Chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding synergistically increased the number of hepatic iNKT cells and induced their activation, compared with chronic feeding or binge alone. iNKT cell-deficient @entity19 were protected from chronic-plus-binge ethanol-induced hepatic neutrophil infiltration and @entity99 . Moreover, chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding markedly upregulated the hepatic expression of several genes associated with @entity32 and neutrophil recruitment in wild-type @entity19 , but induction of these genes was abrogated in iNKT cell-deficient @entity19 . Importantly, several cytokines and chemokines (e.g., @entity9701 , @entity48906 , @entity58 , @entity777 and osteopontin) involved in neutrophil infiltration were upregulated in hepatic NKT cells isolated from chronic-plus-binge ethanol-fed @entity19 compared to pair-fed @entity19 . Finally, treatment with @entity776 blocking antibody, which blocks iNKT cell activation, partially prevented chronic-plus-binge ethanol-induced @entity99 and @entity32 . Chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding activates hepatic iNKT cells, which play a critical role in the development of early alcoholic @entity99 , in part by releasing mediators that recruit neutrophils to the liver, and thus, iNKT cells represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of @entity5881 .Cellular _ Molecular Immunology advance online publication, 9 February 2015; doi:10.1038/cmi.2015.06.

title: Invariant natural killer T cells contribute to chronic-plus-binge ethanol-mediated XXXX by promoting hepatic neutrophil infiltration.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver injury', 'liver injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The configuration of the interventricular septum can affect the function of the tricuspid valve in @entity1 with @entity4263 who have a systemically functioning right ventricle. Altering septal configuration by addressing a dysfunctional conduit placed between the left ventricle (LV) and the pulmonary artery (PA) in these @entity1 can impact septal configuration and competency of the tricuspid valve. METHODS: In 38 @entity1 with an LV to PA conduit, we evaluated relationships between conduit function, RV geometry, and tricuspid valve function, and compared these variables before and after conduit intervention. RESULTS: Median age at conduit implant was 4.5 years (0.5 to 36) and median total follow-up was 12 years (2 to 22). Of the 38 @entity1 , 23 (60%) underwent conduit intervention, a median of 7.5 years after implant. In 15 of these @entity1 (65%) the degree of @entity997 ( @entity997 ) worsened, compared with only 2 @entity1 (15%) in the non-intervention group (p < 0.001). Worsening @entity997 was associated with the degree of change in RV and LV ventricular diameters, change in tricuspid annulus size and tethering distance, and the degree of septal shift, as reflected by the right ventricular sphericity index (all p  <= 0.04). In 8 of 15 @entity1 with more severe @entity997 at follow-up, there was also progressive @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: Intervention for LV to PA conduit dysfunction may result in worsening @entity997 and right ventricular function, likely due in part to altered septal shift due to changes in the interventricular pressure ratio. Management of LV to PA conduit dysfunction should take these findings into account.

title: @entity997 in XXXX and a Left Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

answer: @entity4263 :: (MESH:C535426,Disease) :: ['Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The configuration of the interventricular septum can affect the function of the tricuspid valve in @entity1 with @entity4263 who have a systemically functioning right ventricle. Altering septal configuration by addressing a dysfunctional conduit placed between the left ventricle (LV) and the pulmonary artery (PA) in these @entity1 can impact septal configuration and competency of the tricuspid valve. METHODS: In 38 @entity1 with an LV to PA conduit, we evaluated relationships between conduit function, RV geometry, and tricuspid valve function, and compared these variables before and after conduit intervention. RESULTS: Median age at conduit implant was 4.5 years (0.5 to 36) and median total follow-up was 12 years (2 to 22). Of the 38 @entity1 , 23 (60%) underwent conduit intervention, a median of 7.5 years after implant. In 15 of these @entity1 (65%) the degree of @entity997 ( @entity997 ) worsened, compared with only 2 @entity1 (15%) in the non-intervention group (p < 0.001). Worsening @entity997 was associated with the degree of change in RV and LV ventricular diameters, change in tricuspid annulus size and tethering distance, and the degree of septal shift, as reflected by the right ventricular sphericity index (all p  <= 0.04). In 8 of 15 @entity1 with more severe @entity997 at follow-up, there was also progressive @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: Intervention for LV to PA conduit dysfunction may result in worsening @entity997 and right ventricular function, likely due in part to altered septal shift due to changes in the interventricular pressure ratio. Management of LV to PA conduit dysfunction should take these findings into account.

title: XXXX in @entity4263 and a Left Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit.

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence of central apneas when applying positive pressure (CPAP) to @entity1 @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is @entity387 ( @entity387 ). This causes poor adherence to CPAP and persistence of symptoms. In Bogota, a city located at an altitude of 2640 m above sea level, chronic @entity519 can generate certain instability of the respiratory system during sleep which could increase the presence of central @entity386 . The aim was to establish the prevalence of central @entity386 (central @entity386 index   >5/h) in adults with moderate or severe @entity27 during CPAP titration, and the factors associated with this. METHOD: @entity1 over 18 years old with @entity27 were referred to the Fundacion Neumologica Colombiana Sleep Center, from January 2008 to June 2010. Polysomnogram (PSG) for CPAP titration was performed according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine criteria. The prevalence was calculated and the clinical and baseline PSG factors associated with the @entity387 were analyzed. RESULTS: We included 988 @entity1 , 58% @entity1 . @entity387 prevalence was 11.6%. Factors associated with @entity387 were: central apneas in the baseline PSG (OR: 5.34 [3.49-8.16]), history of @entity712 (OR: 2.53 [1.58-4.07]), and male sex (OR: 1.68 [1.06-2.69]). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity387 in Bogota (11.6%) was intermediate compared to the reported in lower altitudes. The factors associated with the development of @entity387 were male sex, @entity712 , and the presence of central @entity386 in the baseline PSG.

title: Prevalence of central sleep apnea during continous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration in subjects XXXX at an altitude of 2640   m.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['CompSA', 'called complex sleep apnea', 'complex sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'OSAS']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether a weight-based hypoglycaemia treatment using 0.3  g/kg (or 0.2  g/kg) @entity413 effectively treats adults with @entity6 compared with an internationally recommended 15-g treatment. METHODS: @entity1 with frequent hypoglycaemia were recruited from hospital-based @entity6 clinics. The treatment for each @entity2749 , defined as capillary @entity413 <4.0  mmol/l, was randomly assigned to one of three protocols: 0.2  g/kg, 0.3  g/kg, or 15  g, using Dextro(TM) @entity413 tablets (Dextro Energy, Krefeld, Germany). Each @entity1 received each treatment in random order for up to 15 hypoglycaemic episodes. Capillary @entity413 was re-tested 10  min after treatment, with a repeat dose if still < 4  mmol/l. RESULTS: The study recruited 34 @entity1 aged 22-71  years, whose mean (sd) BMI was 25.2 (3.1) kg/m(2) and HbA1c 63 (10.4) mmol/mol [7.9 (0.9)%]. Two @entity1 withdrew because they did not like the taste of the Dextro tablets and one was excluded because they used their own @entity413 preparation. Unadjusted for clustering within @entity1 , the mean (sd) capillary @entity413 after 10  min was 4.67 (1.25) mmol/l for 0.3  g/kg (141 episodes), 4.29 (0.94) mmol/l for 0.2  g/kg (132 episodes), and 4.37(0.99) mmol/l for 15  g (136 episodes). Capillary @entity413 , adjusted for clusters and baseline, was higher after 10  min for 0.3  g/kg @entity413 compared with 15  g @entity413 ; a difference of 0.26 (95% CI 0.04-0.48) mmol/l (P  =  0.02), but not for 0.2  g/kg; -0.07 (95% CI -0.29-0.16) mmol/l (P  =  0.56). Capillary @entity413 for only three hypoglycaemic episodes rose above 8  mmol/l. CONCLUSIONS: A weight-based protocol of 0.3  g/kg @entity413 appears more effective for treating symptomatic hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 1 @entity6 than either the most common current recommendation of 15  g @entity413 or a 0.2  g/kg @entity413 dose.

title: Weight-based hypoglycaemia treatment protocol for adults with Type 1 XXXX : a randomized crossover clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycaemic episode']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Type 1 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']