abstract: The management of malignant @entity1695 (MUO) has undergone major changes due to the availability of percutaneous drainage techniques and new ureteral stents for endoscopic insertion. These procedures are less morbid than conventional surgical techniques so that the indications for urinary diversion due to untreated or relapsing @entity5 have to be reconsidered. During the period of technological change from 1978 to 1984, 135 @entity1 with unilateral (37) or bilateral (98) MUO were managed. Open nephrostomy is now almost never necessary. Initial retrograde ureteral stenting (RS) was successful under local anaesthesia in 41% of @entity1 . Forty-seven had percutaneous nephrostomy (PN), nine of whom underwent @entity1901 ( @entity1901 ) and elimination of external appliances. Twenty-nine @entity1 underwent miscellaneous open procedures mostly in the earlier years, with a 57% morbidity rate compared to the minimal morbidity associated with the newer techniques. The overall mean survival post diversion was 9.9 months, which is significantly longer than that reported using open procedures. MUO can now be successfully relieved with little morbidity and frequently without the use of external urine collection devices. The relative ease of diversion can complicate decision making in @entity1 with progressive @entity177 due to bilateral MUO.

title: Nonoperative urinary diversion for malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['antegrade ureteral stenting', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

answer: @entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['ureteral obstruction']


abstract: Malignant changes are often accompanied by alterations in activity and composition of the plasminogen activators (PA). To study the relationship between PA expression and the development of @entity14 , we determined @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) and @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) activity in normal mucosa (n = 80), @entity6523 (n = 76), and @entity420 (n = 71) of the colon. Tissues obtained from surgical resection or polypectomy were analyzed for @entity3479 and @entity2290 activity in a specific enzymatic assay using plasminogen, a chromogenic substrate, and selective quenching with monospecific antibodies to both activators. The plasminogen activator activities were found to be changed in @entity420 as @entity5932 . The relative contribution of @entity2290 (expressed as percentage of @entity2290 ) was raised from 6 to 50% for, respectively, normal mucosa and @entity420 . This change could be attributed to a 3-fold decrease in @entity3479 activity and a 5-fold increase in @entity2290 activity in the @entity189 . @entity6523 as a group showed percentages of @entity2290 [20.2 +/- 1.3 (SE)] which were intermediate as well as significantly different (P less than 0.001) from those of normal mucosa and @entity420 . This observation was strengthened by a gradual rise in the relative contribution of @entity2290 in four resection specimens containing both @entity6523 and @entity420 . Zymography showed the presence of minor quantities of PA-PA inhibitor complexes in the tissue extracts studied. The present study shows that the sequence of normal mucosa-adenomatous @entity1127 in the colon is associated with a parallel change in plasminogen activator activity. Thus, change in the regulation of plasminogen activator activity is an early event in the development of @entity14 .

title: Plasminogen activators and tumor development in the human colon: activity levels in normal mucosa, @entity6523 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyp-adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['compared to normal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['Adenomatous polyps', 'adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['u-PA', 'urokinase-type plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: Malignant changes are often accompanied by alterations in activity and composition of the plasminogen activators (PA). To study the relationship between PA expression and the development of @entity14 , we determined @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ) and @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) activity in normal mucosa (n = 80), @entity6523 (n = 76), and @entity420 (n = 71) of the colon. Tissues obtained from surgical resection or polypectomy were analyzed for @entity3479 and @entity2290 activity in a specific enzymatic assay using plasminogen, a chromogenic substrate, and selective quenching with monospecific antibodies to both activators. The plasminogen activator activities were found to be changed in @entity420 as @entity5932 . The relative contribution of @entity2290 (expressed as percentage of @entity2290 ) was raised from 6 to 50% for, respectively, normal mucosa and @entity420 . This change could be attributed to a 3-fold decrease in @entity3479 activity and a 5-fold increase in @entity2290 activity in the @entity189 . @entity6523 as a group showed percentages of @entity2290 [20.2 +/- 1.3 (SE)] which were intermediate as well as significantly different (P less than 0.001) from those of normal mucosa and @entity420 . This observation was strengthened by a gradual rise in the relative contribution of @entity2290 in four resection specimens containing both @entity6523 and @entity420 . Zymography showed the presence of minor quantities of PA-PA inhibitor complexes in the tissue extracts studied. The present study shows that the sequence of normal mucosa-adenomatous @entity1127 in the colon is associated with a parallel change in plasminogen activator activity. Thus, change in the regulation of plasminogen activator activity is an early event in the development of @entity14 .

title: Plasminogen activators and tumor development in the human colon: activity levels in normal mucosa, XXXX , and @entity420 .

answer: @entity6523 :: (MESH:D018256,Disease) :: ['adenomatous polyps']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of an herbal ointment to a sham ointment for relieving @entity158 and @entity2693 associated with @entity571 of the hand and knee. METHOD: Single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in 3 chiropractic medicine practices. Subjects were solicited from @entity1 attending the 3 centers. Selection of subjects with @entity571 of the hand or knee was based on the criteria developed by the American College of Rheumatology. Subjects were randomized to an active (n = 17) or a sham (n = 19) group. Subjects applied the herbal ointment to the affected joint(s) for 42 consecutive days and recorded level of @entity158 and @entity2693 daily on visual analog scales. RESULTS: Thirty subjects completed the study (15 active and 15 sham). Significant differences in @entity158 (P = 0.003) and @entity2693 (P = 0.0008) were found between the first 21 days of application and the last 21 days of application for the experimental group but not for the sham group. Gain scores between the experimental and sham groups were significant for @entity158 (P = 0.026) and @entity2693 (P = 0.042). CONCLUSION: An herbal ointment showed significant improvement in @entity158 and @entity2693 for @entity1 with hand and knee @entity571 who applied the ointment to the affected joint(s) for 42 consecutive days.

title: Effect of a topical herbal cream on XXXX of the hand and knee: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Sixteen consenting @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 recurrent after surgery and irradiation were treated with i.v. @entity2664 . The @entity2664 dose given to most @entity1 was 16 mg/m2. Two @entity1 older than 70 years old and one performance status 3 @entity1 received a slightly lower dose (14 mg/m2). Two @entity1 who died less than 3 weeks after treatment were considered unevaluable for response. Of the 14 evaluable @entity1 , eight (57%) were stable (including three with @entity5 shrinkage less than 50%) and six (43%) failed. There were no major responses. Most treatment courses resulted in @entity3028 , but this was rapidly reversible and not associated with major @entity281 . Other @entity137 was generally mild to moderate. Based on this study, we conclude that @entity2664 has minimal activity against @entity957 of the @entity135 . Studies of the drug in other @entity5 types at doses of 16 mg/m2 or higher may be warranted.

title: Phase II study of high-dose XXXX in the treatment of recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: Sixteen consenting @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 recurrent after surgery and irradiation were treated with i.v. @entity2664 . The @entity2664 dose given to most @entity1 was 16 mg/m2. Two @entity1 older than 70 years old and one performance status 3 @entity1 received a slightly lower dose (14 mg/m2). Two @entity1 who died less than 3 weeks after treatment were considered unevaluable for response. Of the 14 evaluable @entity1 , eight (57%) were stable (including three with @entity5 shrinkage less than 50%) and six (43%) failed. There were no major responses. Most treatment courses resulted in @entity3028 , but this was rapidly reversible and not associated with major @entity281 . Other @entity137 was generally mild to moderate. Based on this study, we conclude that @entity2664 has minimal activity against @entity957 of the @entity135 . Studies of the drug in other @entity5 types at doses of 16 mg/m2 or higher may be warranted.

title: Phase II study of high-dose @entity2664 in the treatment of recurrent XXXX of the @entity135 .

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Sixteen consenting @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 recurrent after surgery and irradiation were treated with i.v. @entity2664 . The @entity2664 dose given to most @entity1 was 16 mg/m2. Two @entity1 older than 70 years old and one performance status 3 @entity1 received a slightly lower dose (14 mg/m2). Two @entity1 who died less than 3 weeks after treatment were considered unevaluable for response. Of the 14 evaluable @entity1 , eight (57%) were stable (including three with @entity5 shrinkage less than 50%) and six (43%) failed. There were no major responses. Most treatment courses resulted in @entity3028 , but this was rapidly reversible and not associated with major @entity281 . Other @entity137 was generally mild to moderate. Based on this study, we conclude that @entity2664 has minimal activity against @entity957 of the @entity135 . Studies of the drug in other @entity5 types at doses of 16 mg/m2 or higher may be warranted.

title: Phase II study of high-dose @entity2664 in the treatment of recurrent @entity957 of the XXXX .

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: The effect of cardiac relaxation on the intramyocardial blood volume was studied by measuring the integrated difference between arterial inflow and great cardiac venous outflow. In nine anesthetized @entity1237 , the left main coronary artery was perfused under constant pressure. The great cardiac vein was drained under pressure control. The venous flow signal was amplified so that the integrated intramyocardial blood volume was constant in the beating heart. With normal vasomotor tone, the mean change in vascular volume was 3.01 +/- 0.18 (SE) ml/100 g left ventricle (LV); 67% of the volume change was achieved in 1.60 +/- 0.09 s. For the fully dilated bed ( @entity859 infusion), the values were 4.13 +/- 0.33 ml/100 g and 0.96 +/- 0.06 s, respectively. The volume change could be correlated with the venous pressure during @entity1167 (Pvd) and the change in mean left ventricular pressure after @entity1167 (r = 0.95). The correlation improved when data were selected for Pvd less than 6 mmHg to r = 0.98. We assumed that the change in vascular transmural pressure can be approximated as half the mean left ventricular pressure change. The intramyocardial vascular compliance was then estimated as 0.104 +/- 0.012 and 0.146 +/- 0.028 ml X mmHg-1 X 100 g-1 for control and @entity859 conditions, respectively. The long time constants excluded the large epicardial veins as the site of volume change; they were much longer than the duration of diastole in the beating heart. We conclude that the intramyocardial vascular compartment is capable of volume expansion on the order of 20% of its normal volume when myocardial compression by ventricular systole is suspended.

title: Intramyocardial blood volume change in first moments of @entity1167 in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: The effect of cardiac relaxation on the intramyocardial blood volume was studied by measuring the integrated difference between arterial inflow and great cardiac venous outflow. In nine anesthetized @entity1237 , the left main coronary artery was perfused under constant pressure. The great cardiac vein was drained under pressure control. The venous flow signal was amplified so that the integrated intramyocardial blood volume was constant in the beating heart. With normal vasomotor tone, the mean change in vascular volume was 3.01 +/- 0.18 (SE) ml/100 g left ventricle (LV); 67% of the volume change was achieved in 1.60 +/- 0.09 s. For the fully dilated bed ( @entity859 infusion), the values were 4.13 +/- 0.33 ml/100 g and 0.96 +/- 0.06 s, respectively. The volume change could be correlated with the venous pressure during @entity1167 (Pvd) and the change in mean left ventricular pressure after @entity1167 (r = 0.95). The correlation improved when data were selected for Pvd less than 6 mmHg to r = 0.98. We assumed that the change in vascular transmural pressure can be approximated as half the mean left ventricular pressure change. The intramyocardial vascular compliance was then estimated as 0.104 +/- 0.012 and 0.146 +/- 0.028 ml X mmHg-1 X 100 g-1 for control and @entity859 conditions, respectively. The long time constants excluded the large epicardial veins as the site of volume change; they were much longer than the duration of diastole in the beating heart. We conclude that the intramyocardial vascular compartment is capable of volume expansion on the order of 20% of its normal volume when myocardial compression by ventricular systole is suspended.

title: Intramyocardial blood volume change in first moments of XXXX in anesthetized @entity1237 .

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Nutrition is a major factor affecting @entity291 reproductive efficiency. Long-term moderate or chronic dietary restriction results in a gradual reduction in dominant follicle (DF) growth rate, maximum diameter and persistence. Animals become anoestrus when they lose on average 22-24% of their initial body weight. There is evidence of significant animal-to-animal variation in the interval from the imposition of dietary restriction to onset of anoestrus and from the recommencement of re-alimentation to resumption of ovulation. In contrast, acute dietary restriction to 40% of maintenance requirements rapidly reduces dominant follicle growth rate and maximum diameter and induces anoestrus in a high proportion (60%) of heifers within 13-15 days of dietary restriction. In lactating dairy and beef @entity291 negative energy balance or reduced dietary intake in the early post-partum period, while not affecting the population of small-to-medium size follicles, adversely affects the size and ovulatory fate of the dominant follicle. Re-alimentation of nutritionally induced @entity22468 results in an initial gradual increase in dominant follicle growth rate and maximum diameter, followed by a more accelerated increase in dominant follicle growth rate and maximum diameter as the time of resumption of ovulation approaches. Increased dominant follicle growth rate and maximum diameter are associated with increased peripheral concentrations of @entity4208 , pulsatile LH and @entity53 . Direct nutritional effects on ovarian function appear to operate through hepatic rather than follicular regulation of @entity4208 , and on systemic concentrations of @entity8788 ; cumulatively reducing follicular responsiveness to LH and ultimately shutting down follicular @entity53 production. Indirect nutritional effects are apparently mediated through altering the GnRH pulse generator and in-turn selectively reducing pulsatile LH secretion without any apparent adverse effect on FSH secretory patterns. Endogenous opioid peptides, @entity72261 and @entity413 appear to play a role in the nutritional regulation of GnRH release and in turn pulsatile LH secretion.

title: Effects of nutrition and metabolic status on circulating hormones and ovarian follicle development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22468 :: ('MESH:D050072', 'Disease') :: ['anoestrous heifers']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: In a retrospective study, 113 bites which occurred in Switzerland within a 16-year period by either of the two indigenous adders (Vipera berus and Vipera aspis) were analyzed. 13 @entity1 showed no signs of @entity5900 . Out of the other 100, 62 @entity1 had merely minor (local @entity4 only) and 24 moderate @entity5900 ( @entity391 , @entity294 , cramps, @entity551 ), while 24 had severe @entity5900 (shock and @entity113 and lips). No fatalities were recorded. In residents of the endemic area the bites occurred accidentally in 86% of the cases, while tourists were bitten after manipulating the snake in 42%. Specific antivenin was given to 49 of 95 hospitalized @entity1 . In cases of severe @entity5900 (n = 14) a reduction of the median duration of hospitalization from 10 days in patients without antivenin therapy (n = 4) to 5 days in patients with antivenin therapy (n = 10) was obtained. In cases of moderate (n = 21) or minor @entity5900 (n = 49), antivenin therapy did not influence the hospital stay of 4 and 2 days respectively. In the 11 @entity1 with bites not followed by @entity5900 the antivenin treatment increased the duration of hospitalization from 1 day (in 6 patients without antivenin) to 2 days (in 5 patients with antivenin). Side effects of the antivenin treatment, such as @entity110 , @entity113 , @entity649 , @entity221 and @entity3329 were noted in 4 out of 49 @entity1 .

title: [Poisoning by domestic vipers (Vipera berus and Vipera aspis). A retrospective study of 113 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioneurotic edema of the tongue', 'angioneurotic edema']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied high-resolution CT of @entity1355 and @entity2416 to determine whether differences-other than the frequency of associated pleural changes-could be discerned between the two diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High-resolution CT scans of 80 @entity1 with @entity1355 and 80 @entity1 with @entity2416 were retrospectively reviewed. Two chest radiologists assessed the type and distribution of parenchymal and @entity456 on high-resolution CT. RESULTS: @entity231 (65/80), subpleural curvilinear lines (55/80), mosaic perfusion (39/80), and parenchymal bands (38/80) were more common in @entity1 with @entity1355 (p < 0.0001). Visible intralobular bronchioles (62/80), bronchiolectasis within fibrotic consolidations (47/80), and honeycombing (61/80) were more common in @entity1 with @entity2416 (p < 0.0001). The frequencies of interlobular septal thickening, ground-glass opacities, fibrotic consolidation, and @entity2415 were similar in both groups. Parenchymal bands and fibrotic consolidation were more commonly seen (p < 0. 05) in @entity1 with @entity1355 associated with @entity456 (n = 66) than in @entity1 with @entity1355 without @entity456 (n = 14). Also, statistically significant differences were noted between high-resolution CT findings of @entity1 with @entity1355 without @entity456 and those of @entity1 with @entity2416 , except for parenchymal bands. CONCLUSION: Specific combinations of high-resolution CT findings strongly suggest either @entity1355 or @entity2416 . We found that CT findings that might have represented @entity133 in the subpleural region were more prominent in @entity1 with @entity1355 than in those with @entity2416 , whereas @entity384 was more prominent in @entity1 with @entity2416 than in those with @entity1355 .

title: High-resolution CT of XXXX and @entity2416 .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Subpleural dotlike or branching opacities']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolar dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolar obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural abnormalities', 'pleural disease']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied high-resolution CT of @entity1355 and @entity2416 to determine whether differences-other than the frequency of associated pleural changes-could be discerned between the two diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High-resolution CT scans of 80 @entity1 with @entity1355 and 80 @entity1 with @entity2416 were retrospectively reviewed. Two chest radiologists assessed the type and distribution of parenchymal and @entity456 on high-resolution CT. RESULTS: @entity231 (65/80), subpleural curvilinear lines (55/80), mosaic perfusion (39/80), and parenchymal bands (38/80) were more common in @entity1 with @entity1355 (p < 0.0001). Visible intralobular bronchioles (62/80), bronchiolectasis within fibrotic consolidations (47/80), and honeycombing (61/80) were more common in @entity1 with @entity2416 (p < 0.0001). The frequencies of interlobular septal thickening, ground-glass opacities, fibrotic consolidation, and @entity2415 were similar in both groups. Parenchymal bands and fibrotic consolidation were more commonly seen (p < 0. 05) in @entity1 with @entity1355 associated with @entity456 (n = 66) than in @entity1 with @entity1355 without @entity456 (n = 14). Also, statistically significant differences were noted between high-resolution CT findings of @entity1 with @entity1355 without @entity456 and those of @entity1 with @entity2416 , except for parenchymal bands. CONCLUSION: Specific combinations of high-resolution CT findings strongly suggest either @entity1355 or @entity2416 . We found that CT findings that might have represented @entity133 in the subpleural region were more prominent in @entity1 with @entity1355 than in those with @entity2416 , whereas @entity384 was more prominent in @entity1 with @entity2416 than in those with @entity1355 .

title: High-resolution CT of @entity1355 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite recommendations for annual vaccinations against @entity683 , many older African-Americans do not receive this vaccine. For 1 month in our private medical offices, we conducted a survey to estimate the vaccination rate for our practice, the reasons why older African-Americans declined to be vaccinated, and any impact we could make on their misconceptions about its safety and efficacy. SETTING: The study was conducted in a three-physician private practice of geriatric/internal medicine in the borough of Queens, New York. @entity1 : 231 consecutive community-residing @entity1 aged 65 or older were evaluated starting in October 1999. METHODS: A total of 231 @entity1 aged 65 to 96 were given a questionnaire asking if they planned to or had already received the @entity683 vaccine for the 1999-2000 season. Those who had no intention of taking the vaccine were asked why. Categories included: Vaccine not recommended/not recommended strongly enough, vaccine has no benefit, I became ill after being vaccinated, too afraid, I heard it makes @entity1 sick, no special reason, @entity566 to eggs, never had the flu. Those who refused had a brief discussion with their physician and it was noted whether they agreed later to be vaccinated. Ten @entity1 who were not black were excluded. RESULTS: Forty-four percent (98/221) of @entity1 intended to be vaccinated before discussion with their physician. After discussion with their physician about potential side effects, efficacy,safety, the percentage rose to 63% (139/221). This compares favorably with the national health objective of 60% or greater for the year 2000 in this population. CONCLUSIONS: The primary care physician had a significant impact on the increase of the @entity683 vaccination rate among older African-Americans in our study from 44 to 63%.

title: Elderly African-Americans and the XXXX vaccine: the impact of the primary care physician.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of one-stage surgical management for @entity3083 . METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with thoracic, thoracolumbar and lumbar @entity3083 were treated surgically by a single stage procedure from Jan 1996 to Jan 2001, including anterior resection, interbody outografting and anterior instrumentation in 35 cases, posterior debridement and posterior instrumentation in 16 cases, and posterior instrumentation and anterior resection plus interbody autografting in 6 cases. @entity702 -alloy spinal implants were used in 38 cases and stainless steel implants in other 19 cases. Except for three @entity1 , other 54 @entity1 were followed up for one to five years (mean 2.2 years). RESULTS: All these @entity1 had their incision healed by first intention without @entity281 or sinus formation, and no recurrence of @entity3083 was noted in any @entity1 during the follow-up period. @entity1513 correction were achieved by 21.6 degrees on the average postoperatively. There was a mild loss (2 degrees - 4 degrees) of @entity1513 correction during follow-up period. Spinal solid fusion at the interface between the graft and adjacent vertebral bodies was shown radiologically in 3.8 months on the average. CONCLUSION: One-stage surgical management has more advantages in that it can completes all the aspects of surgical treatment for @entity3083 . Anterior or posterior instrumentation with @entity702 -alloy or stainless steel spinal implants is safe, The selection of one-stage surgical procedure should be planed individually.

title: [One-stage surgical management for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['Kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium', 'Titanium']

answer: @entity3083 :: (MESH:D014399,Disease) :: ['spinal tuberculosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6410 is a highly potent b2 -adrenoceptor-selective agonist, which is a muscle growth promoter in many animal species. @entity12560 / @entity723 inhibition reverses skeletal muscle loss and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing animals. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of a combination of the soluble @entity12560 receptor ActRIIB (sActRIIB) and the b2 -agonist @entity6410 in the cachectic @entity2 model (LLC). The combination of @entity6410 and sActRIIB was extremely effective in reversing @entity2057 associated with experimental @entity5 @entity3085 in @entity19 . Muscle weights from @entity5 -bearing animals were completely recovered following treatment and this was also reflected in the measured grip strength. This combination increased food intake both in control and @entity5 -bearing animals. The double treatment also prolonged survival significantly without affecting the weight and growth of the primary @entity5 . In addition, it significantly reduced the number of @entity3 . Concerning the mechanisms for the preservation of muscle mass during @entity3085 , the effects of @entity6410 and sActRIIB seemed to be additive, since @entity6410 reduced the rate of protein degradation (as measured in vitro as @entity4149 release, using incubated isolated individual muscles) while sActRIIB only affected protein synthesis (as measured in vivo using tritiated @entity815 ). @entity6410 also increased the rate of protein synthesis and this seemed to be favoured by the presence of sActRIIB. Combining @entity6410 and sActRIIB seemed to be a very promising treatment for experimental @entity5 @entity3085 . Further studies in @entity1 @entity1 are necessary and may lead to a highly effective treatment option for @entity2057 associated with @entity5 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Complete reversal of XXXX in experimental @entity5 @entity3085 : Additive effects of @entity723 type II receptor inhibition and beta-2 agonist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['Formoterol', 'formoterol']

entities_list: @entity12560 :: ('MESH:D055435', 'Chemical') :: ['Myostatin', 'myostatin']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['muscle wasting']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6410 is a highly potent b2 -adrenoceptor-selective agonist, which is a muscle growth promoter in many animal species. @entity12560 / @entity723 inhibition reverses skeletal muscle loss and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing animals. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of a combination of the soluble @entity12560 receptor ActRIIB (sActRIIB) and the b2 -agonist @entity6410 in the cachectic @entity2 model (LLC). The combination of @entity6410 and sActRIIB was extremely effective in reversing @entity2057 associated with experimental @entity5 @entity3085 in @entity19 . Muscle weights from @entity5 -bearing animals were completely recovered following treatment and this was also reflected in the measured grip strength. This combination increased food intake both in control and @entity5 -bearing animals. The double treatment also prolonged survival significantly without affecting the weight and growth of the primary @entity5 . In addition, it significantly reduced the number of @entity3 . Concerning the mechanisms for the preservation of muscle mass during @entity3085 , the effects of @entity6410 and sActRIIB seemed to be additive, since @entity6410 reduced the rate of protein degradation (as measured in vitro as @entity4149 release, using incubated isolated individual muscles) while sActRIIB only affected protein synthesis (as measured in vivo using tritiated @entity815 ). @entity6410 also increased the rate of protein synthesis and this seemed to be favoured by the presence of sActRIIB. Combining @entity6410 and sActRIIB seemed to be a very promising treatment for experimental @entity5 @entity3085 . Further studies in @entity1 @entity1 are necessary and may lead to a highly effective treatment option for @entity2057 associated with @entity5 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Complete reversal of @entity2057 in experimental @entity5 XXXX : Additive effects of @entity723 type II receptor inhibition and beta-2 agonist.

answer: @entity3085 :: (MESH:D002100,Disease) :: ['cachexia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6410 is a highly potent b2 -adrenoceptor-selective agonist, which is a muscle growth promoter in many animal species. @entity12560 / @entity723 inhibition reverses skeletal muscle loss and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing animals. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of a combination of the soluble @entity12560 receptor ActRIIB (sActRIIB) and the b2 -agonist @entity6410 in the cachectic @entity2 model (LLC). The combination of @entity6410 and sActRIIB was extremely effective in reversing @entity2057 associated with experimental @entity5 @entity3085 in @entity19 . Muscle weights from @entity5 -bearing animals were completely recovered following treatment and this was also reflected in the measured grip strength. This combination increased food intake both in control and @entity5 -bearing animals. The double treatment also prolonged survival significantly without affecting the weight and growth of the primary @entity5 . In addition, it significantly reduced the number of @entity3 . Concerning the mechanisms for the preservation of muscle mass during @entity3085 , the effects of @entity6410 and sActRIIB seemed to be additive, since @entity6410 reduced the rate of protein degradation (as measured in vitro as @entity4149 release, using incubated isolated individual muscles) while sActRIIB only affected protein synthesis (as measured in vivo using tritiated @entity815 ). @entity6410 also increased the rate of protein synthesis and this seemed to be favoured by the presence of sActRIIB. Combining @entity6410 and sActRIIB seemed to be a very promising treatment for experimental @entity5 @entity3085 . Further studies in @entity1 @entity1 are necessary and may lead to a highly effective treatment option for @entity2057 associated with @entity5 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Complete reversal of @entity2057 in experimental XXXX @entity3085 : Additive effects of @entity723 type II receptor inhibition and beta-2 agonist.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6410 is a highly potent b2 -adrenoceptor-selective agonist, which is a muscle growth promoter in many animal species. @entity12560 / @entity723 inhibition reverses skeletal muscle loss and prolongs survival of tumor-bearing animals. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of a combination of the soluble @entity12560 receptor ActRIIB (sActRIIB) and the b2 -agonist @entity6410 in the cachectic @entity2 model (LLC). The combination of @entity6410 and sActRIIB was extremely effective in reversing @entity2057 associated with experimental @entity5 @entity3085 in @entity19 . Muscle weights from @entity5 -bearing animals were completely recovered following treatment and this was also reflected in the measured grip strength. This combination increased food intake both in control and @entity5 -bearing animals. The double treatment also prolonged survival significantly without affecting the weight and growth of the primary @entity5 . In addition, it significantly reduced the number of @entity3 . Concerning the mechanisms for the preservation of muscle mass during @entity3085 , the effects of @entity6410 and sActRIIB seemed to be additive, since @entity6410 reduced the rate of protein degradation (as measured in vitro as @entity4149 release, using incubated isolated individual muscles) while sActRIIB only affected protein synthesis (as measured in vivo using tritiated @entity815 ). @entity6410 also increased the rate of protein synthesis and this seemed to be favoured by the presence of sActRIIB. Combining @entity6410 and sActRIIB seemed to be a very promising treatment for experimental @entity5 @entity3085 . Further studies in @entity1 @entity1 are necessary and may lead to a highly effective treatment option for @entity2057 associated with @entity5 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Complete reversal of @entity2057 in experimental @entity5 @entity3085 : Additive effects of XXXX type II receptor inhibition and beta-2 agonist.

answer: @entity723 :: (83729,Gene) :: ['activin']


abstract: AIMS: To establish a clinical, histopathological, and genetic diagnosis in two unrelated @entity13685 ( @entity13685 ). METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes of all members participating in the study. Exons 4 and 12 of the @entity1 @entity14416 ( @entity14416 ) gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The mutation and polymorphism were identified by direct sequencing and restriction digest analysis. A review of the @entity1 ' clinical symptoms and signs was undertaken and a histopathological study on corneal specimen obtained from the proband of one family after keratoplasty was performed. RESULTS: A heterozygous G to A transition at the second @entity377 position of codon 124 of @entity14416 gene was detected in all affected members of both families. This mutation changes an @entity369 residue to a @entity3793 . The clinical diagnosis for @entity13685 was more evident with advancing age. Histopathological study revealed granular deposits in the anterior stroma and occasional positive Congo red areas of @entity527 in the mid to deep stroma typical of @entity13685 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of @entity13685 families in the United Kingdom and, furthermore, of @entity14416 gene mutation in British @entity1 with this rare type of @entity3985 . The results indicate that @entity14416 gene screening along with clinical and histopathological examinations is essential for the diagnosis and clinical management of @entity3985 .

title: A clinical, histopathological, and genetic study of XXXX in British families.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity14416 :: ('7045', 'Gene') :: ['BIGH3', 'transforming growth factor beta induced']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity3985 :: ('MESH:D003317', 'Disease') :: ['corneal dystrophy', 'corneal dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity13685 :: ('MESH:C535474', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'British families with Avellino corneal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity13685 :: (MESH:C535474,Disease) :: ['Avellino corneal dystrophy']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the manifestations and severity of @entity1596 in @entity1 and to identify the risk and specific causes of @entity1939 in this population. METHODS: Retrospective study of data of 123 consecutive @entity1 examined with active @entity1596 and the onset of @entity2194 before the age of 16 years. Numerous variables were assessed including age and sex distribution, laboratory data, the presence of @entity262 , onset and course of @entity32 , clinical features and complications, therapeutic strategies and their outcomes, final visual acuity, and characteristics associated with poor visual outcome. RESULTS: @entity262 was observed in 36/123 @entity1 (29%), with @entity4932 being the most frequent (25/123, 20%). @entity3251 was diagnosed in 12/23 @entity1 with posterior @entity1596 (52%; 10% of all with @entity1596 ). @entity32 required systemic drugs in 57 (46%) @entity1 . Ocular complications were observed in 93 @entity1 (76%), of which the most common was @entity231 (43/123, 35%). Intraocular surgery was required in 35 @entity1 (28%; in total 75 procedures). Three @entity1 (2%) became @entity1939 and an additional 20/121 (17%) had one @entity1939 caused by @entity1596 . The most frequent causes of @entity1939 were @entity6519 in the macular area and @entity726 in contrast with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in adults. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1596 in childhood is a potentially blinding disease, in the majority of @entity1 characterised by a chronic course and a high complication rate.

title: Visual loss in XXXX of childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Severe intraocular inflammation', 'ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular oedema', 'CMO']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic disease', 'systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legally blind', 'legally blind eye', 'blindness']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal scars']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: Investigation of MR @entity1 with 3p aberrations led to the identification of the translocation breakpoint in intron five of the neural Cell Adhesion L1-Like (CALL or @entity43851 ) gene in a @entity1 with non-specific @entity1032 and 46,Y, t(X;3)(p22.1;p26.3). The Xp breakpoint does not seem to affect a known or predicted gene. Moreover, a fusion transcript with the CALL gene could not be detected and no mutations were identified on the second allele. CALL is highly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system, like the @entity19 ortholog 'close homolog to L1' ( @entity72262 ). @entity72262 expression levels in the hippocampus of @entity72262 (+/-) @entity19 were half of those obtained in wild-type littermates, reflecting a gene dosage effect. Timm staining and synaptophysin immunohistochemistry of the hippocampus showed focal groups of ectopic mossy fiber synapses in the lateral CA3 region, outside the trajectory of the infra-pyramidal mossy fiber bundle in @entity72262 (-/-) and @entity72262 (+/-) @entity19 . Behavioral assessment demonstrated mild alterations in the @entity72262 (-/-) animals. In the probe trial of the Morris Water Maze test, @entity72262 (-/-) @entity19 displayed an altered exploratory pattern. In addition, these @entity19 were significantly more sociable and less @entity146 as demonstrated in social exploration tests. The @entity72262 (+/-) @entity19 showed a phenotypic spectrum ranging from wild-type to knockout behavior. We hypothesize that a 50% reduction of CALL expression in the developing brain results in @entity73 . This suggests that the CALL gene at 3p26.3 is a prime candidate for an autosomal form of @entity1032 . So far, mutation analysis of the CALL gene in @entity1 with non-specific MR did not reveal any disease-associated mutations.

title: CALL interrupted in a @entity1 with non-specific XXXX : gene dosage-dependent alteration of @entity19 brain development and behavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental retardation']


abstract: Investigation of MR @entity1 with 3p aberrations led to the identification of the translocation breakpoint in intron five of the neural Cell Adhesion L1-Like (CALL or @entity43851 ) gene in a @entity1 with non-specific @entity1032 and 46,Y, t(X;3)(p22.1;p26.3). The Xp breakpoint does not seem to affect a known or predicted gene. Moreover, a fusion transcript with the CALL gene could not be detected and no mutations were identified on the second allele. CALL is highly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system, like the @entity19 ortholog 'close homolog to L1' ( @entity72262 ). @entity72262 expression levels in the hippocampus of @entity72262 (+/-) @entity19 were half of those obtained in wild-type littermates, reflecting a gene dosage effect. Timm staining and synaptophysin immunohistochemistry of the hippocampus showed focal groups of ectopic mossy fiber synapses in the lateral CA3 region, outside the trajectory of the infra-pyramidal mossy fiber bundle in @entity72262 (-/-) and @entity72262 (+/-) @entity19 . Behavioral assessment demonstrated mild alterations in the @entity72262 (-/-) animals. In the probe trial of the Morris Water Maze test, @entity72262 (-/-) @entity19 displayed an altered exploratory pattern. In addition, these @entity19 were significantly more sociable and less @entity146 as demonstrated in social exploration tests. The @entity72262 (+/-) @entity19 showed a phenotypic spectrum ranging from wild-type to knockout behavior. We hypothesize that a 50% reduction of CALL expression in the developing brain results in @entity73 . This suggests that the CALL gene at 3p26.3 is a prime candidate for an autosomal form of @entity1032 . So far, mutation analysis of the CALL gene in @entity1 with non-specific MR did not reveal any disease-associated mutations.

title: CALL interrupted in a XXXX with non-specific @entity1032 : gene dosage-dependent alteration of @entity19 brain development and behavior.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Investigation of MR @entity1 with 3p aberrations led to the identification of the translocation breakpoint in intron five of the neural Cell Adhesion L1-Like (CALL or @entity43851 ) gene in a @entity1 with non-specific @entity1032 and 46,Y, t(X;3)(p22.1;p26.3). The Xp breakpoint does not seem to affect a known or predicted gene. Moreover, a fusion transcript with the CALL gene could not be detected and no mutations were identified on the second allele. CALL is highly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system, like the @entity19 ortholog 'close homolog to L1' ( @entity72262 ). @entity72262 expression levels in the hippocampus of @entity72262 (+/-) @entity19 were half of those obtained in wild-type littermates, reflecting a gene dosage effect. Timm staining and synaptophysin immunohistochemistry of the hippocampus showed focal groups of ectopic mossy fiber synapses in the lateral CA3 region, outside the trajectory of the infra-pyramidal mossy fiber bundle in @entity72262 (-/-) and @entity72262 (+/-) @entity19 . Behavioral assessment demonstrated mild alterations in the @entity72262 (-/-) animals. In the probe trial of the Morris Water Maze test, @entity72262 (-/-) @entity19 displayed an altered exploratory pattern. In addition, these @entity19 were significantly more sociable and less @entity146 as demonstrated in social exploration tests. The @entity72262 (+/-) @entity19 showed a phenotypic spectrum ranging from wild-type to knockout behavior. We hypothesize that a 50% reduction of CALL expression in the developing brain results in @entity73 . This suggests that the CALL gene at 3p26.3 is a prime candidate for an autosomal form of @entity1032 . So far, mutation analysis of the CALL gene in @entity1 with non-specific MR did not reveal any disease-associated mutations.

title: CALL interrupted in a @entity1 with non-specific @entity1032 : gene dosage-dependent alteration of XXXX brain development and behavior.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Somatic noxious stimulation can evoke profound cardiovascular responses by altering activity in the autonomic nervous system. This noxious stimulation attenuates the cardiac vagal baroreflex, a key cardiovascular homeostatic reflex. This attenuation is mediated via NK1 receptors expressed on GABAergic interneurones within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). We have investigated the effect of noxious stimulation and exogenous substance @entity10133 ) on the sympathetic component of the baroreflex. We recorded from the sympathetic chain in a decerebrate, artificially perfused @entity35 preparation. Noxious hindlimb pinch was without effect on the sympathetic baroreflex although the cardiac @entity1017 was decreased (56 %, P < 0.01). Bilateral NTS microinjection of SP (500 fmol) produced a similar selective attenuation of the cardiac @entity1017 (62 %, P < 0.005) without effect on the sympathetic baroreflex. Recordings from the cardiac sympathetic and vagal nerves confirmed the selectivity of the SP inhibition. Control experiments using a GABAA receptor agonist, @entity11359 , indicated that both components of the baroreflex (parasympathetic and sympathetic) could be blocked from the NTS injection site. The NTS microinjection of a NK1 antagonist ( @entity11714 ) in vivo attenuated the @entity6372 . Our data suggest that noxious pinch releases SP within the NTS to selectively attenuate the cardiac vagal, but not the sympathetic, component of the baroreflex. This selective withdrawal of the cardiac vagal baroreflex seems to underlie the pinch-evoked @entity591 seen in vivo. Further, these findings confirm that baroreflex sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways diverge, and can be independently controlled, within the NTS.

title: Nociception attenuates parasympathetic but not sympathetic baroreflex via NK1 receptors in the XXXX nucleus tractus solitarii.

entities_list: @entity11359 :: ('MESH:C015300', 'Chemical') :: ['isoguvacine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardic response to hindlimb pinch']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['vagal baroreflex gain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: To maintain genome stability, DNA replication is strictly regulated to occur only once per cell cycle. In eukaryotes, the presence of 'licensing proteins' at replication origins during the G1 cell-cycle phase allows the formation of the pre-replicative complex. The removal of licensing proteins from chromatin during the S phase ensures that origins fire only once per cell cycle. Here we show that the @entity72263 ubiquitin ligase temporally restricts DNA-replication licensing in @entity2199 . Inactivation of @entity72263 causes massive DNA re-replication, producing cells with up to 100C DNA content. The @entity2199 orthologue of the replication-licensing factor @entity72264 (refs 2, 3) is required for DNA replication. @entity2199 @entity72264 is present in G1-phase nuclei but disappears as cells enter S phase. In cells lacking @entity72263 , @entity72264 levels fail to decrease during S phase and instead remain constant in the re-replicating cells. Removal of one genomic copy of @entity72264 suppresses the @entity72263 re-replication phenotype. We propose that @entity72263 prevents aberrant re-initiation of DNA replication, at least in part, by facilitating the degradation of @entity72264 .

title: XXXX ubiquitin ligase maintains genome stability by restraining DNA-replication licensing.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

answer: @entity72263 :: (174198(Tax:6239),Gene) :: ['CUL-4']


abstract: The diagnosis of diffuse @entity2615 means a very bad prognosis. The average survival of our own cases, controlled by autopsy, was 16.4 months (n = 36) for symptomatically treated @entity1 and 16.1 months (n = 26) for those treated with @entity786 and other cytotoxic drugs. The difference between the two groups is statistically without significance. @entity632 was applied in a third group. The drug was applied intrapleurally for cases with pleural fluid in doses of 20 to 30 mg, weekly during the first month of treatment and later on monthly. The effect will be controlled directly and during the continued treatment, using cytological examination of the sediment of the pleural fluid and by simultaneous measurement of the level of hyaluronic acid in the same fluid. The advantages of this method are the small dosage, the possibility of applying over a long time and few side effects. 21 @entity1 were treated: 9 without response, 8 lived for a longer period, 4 @entity1 are still alive. The average survival of all the 21 @entity1 observed is now 25.3 (8-79) months. The difference to an untreated control group of 36 @entity1 is proved as statistical significant in favour of the therapeutic group. @entity632 , linked with a really early diagnosis, seems to be a suitable drug for essentially improving the prognosis of disease.

title: Diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the pleura--intrapleural treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma of the pleura']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: @entity5433 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is common and occurs in 70% of @entity1 . The aim of the study was to evaluate autonomic mechanisms regulating cardiovascular system during tilt up test in @entity191 @entity1 . The examination was performed in 35 @entity1 with @entity191 (26 male and 9 female, mean age 60 +/- 9) and matched with gender and age 35 controls subjects (healthy volunteers, mean age 59 +/- 9). @entity1 were divided into two groups: group I--early stage of disease (n = 20) and group II--advanced stage of the disease (n = 15). The tilt test in @entity191 @entity1 and in the control group lasted 3 minutes. In both groups tilt test was performed with a head-up tilt position of 60 degrees (tilt table Manumed, Netherlands). In both groups 30:15 ratio were lower than in the control group 1.03 +/- 0.08, 0.97 +/- 0.09 v 1.23 +/- 0.1 respectively (p = 0.001). In the second group the heart-rate variability after the tilt test was lower 6.2 +/- 4/min than in the control group 10.2 +/- +/- 1.9/min and group I 8.8 +/- 4/min (p = 0.01). The decrease of the systolic pressure in response to the tilt test was the highest in group II (16 +/- 14 mmHg), in the control group 4 +/- 7 mmHg, in group I 13 +/- 11 mmHg (p = 0.001). @entity551 in @entity191 occurs in 36% of @entity1 in an early stage and in 47% of @entity1 in an advanced stage of the disease. The use of the tilt test enables the early diagnosis of @entity65 in @entity191 .

title: [Early diagnosis of XXXX in @entity191 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", 'IPD']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Ortostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disturbances']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['orthostatic hypotension']


abstract: @entity5433 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is common and occurs in 70% of @entity1 . The aim of the study was to evaluate autonomic mechanisms regulating cardiovascular system during tilt up test in @entity191 @entity1 . The examination was performed in 35 @entity1 with @entity191 (26 male and 9 female, mean age 60 +/- 9) and matched with gender and age 35 controls subjects (healthy volunteers, mean age 59 +/- 9). @entity1 were divided into two groups: group I--early stage of disease (n = 20) and group II--advanced stage of the disease (n = 15). The tilt test in @entity191 @entity1 and in the control group lasted 3 minutes. In both groups tilt test was performed with a head-up tilt position of 60 degrees (tilt table Manumed, Netherlands). In both groups 30:15 ratio were lower than in the control group 1.03 +/- 0.08, 0.97 +/- 0.09 v 1.23 +/- 0.1 respectively (p = 0.001). In the second group the heart-rate variability after the tilt test was lower 6.2 +/- 4/min than in the control group 10.2 +/- +/- 1.9/min and group I 8.8 +/- 4/min (p = 0.01). The decrease of the systolic pressure in response to the tilt test was the highest in group II (16 +/- 14 mmHg), in the control group 4 +/- 7 mmHg, in group I 13 +/- 11 mmHg (p = 0.001). @entity551 in @entity191 occurs in 36% of @entity1 in an early stage and in 47% of @entity1 in an advanced stage of the disease. The use of the tilt test enables the early diagnosis of @entity65 in @entity191 .

title: [Early diagnosis of @entity551 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['idopathic Parkinson's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Activating @entity20721 genomic alterations are frequent in @entity213 ( @entity213 ), and there is an association between @entity3115 ( @entity3115 ) signaling and radioresistance. Hence, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting @entity3115 with @entity72265 , a @entity3115 inhibitor with potent activity against @entity20721 , in combination with radiation in @entity213 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The efficacy of @entity72265 was assessed in vitro in 26 @entity213 cell lines with crystal violet proliferation assays, and changes in @entity3115 signaling were measured by Western blot analysis. @entity137 and radiosensitization were assessed with @entity10440 staining via flow cytometry and clonogenic survival assays, respectively. DNA damage repair was assessed with immunofluorescence for yH2AX foci, and cell cycle analysis was performed with flow cytometry. In vivo efficacy of @entity72265 and radiation was assessed in xenografts implanted into @entity19 . RESULTS: @entity72265 inhibited potently @entity3115 signaling and displayed greater antiproliferative activity in @entity213 cell lines with @entity20721 mutations or amplification, whereas cell lines with @entity2370 alterations were relatively resistant to its effects. Pretreatment with @entity72265 radiosensitized @entity20721 -mutant @entity213 cells, enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis, @entity16 repair, and prolonged G2-M arrest following irradiation. Furthermore, combined @entity72265 and radiation was more effective than either treatment alone in vivo in subcutaneous xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS: @entity72265 has increased potency in @entity213 cell lines harboring @entity20721 -activating aberrations. Further, combined @entity72265 and radiotherapy was more efficacious than either treatment alone in @entity20721 -altered @entity213 in vitro and in vivo. This strategy warrants further clinical investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 1-11.   2015 AACR.

title: Taselisib ( @entity72265 ), a Potent b-Sparing Small Molecule Inhibitor of @entity3115 , Radiosensitizes Head and Neck Squamous Carcinomas Containing Activating XXXX Alterations.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['impaired DNA damage']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity20721 :: (18706(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PIK3CA']


abstract: PURPOSE: Activating @entity20721 genomic alterations are frequent in @entity213 ( @entity213 ), and there is an association between @entity3115 ( @entity3115 ) signaling and radioresistance. Hence, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting @entity3115 with @entity72265 , a @entity3115 inhibitor with potent activity against @entity20721 , in combination with radiation in @entity213 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The efficacy of @entity72265 was assessed in vitro in 26 @entity213 cell lines with crystal violet proliferation assays, and changes in @entity3115 signaling were measured by Western blot analysis. @entity137 and radiosensitization were assessed with @entity10440 staining via flow cytometry and clonogenic survival assays, respectively. DNA damage repair was assessed with immunofluorescence for yH2AX foci, and cell cycle analysis was performed with flow cytometry. In vivo efficacy of @entity72265 and radiation was assessed in xenografts implanted into @entity19 . RESULTS: @entity72265 inhibited potently @entity3115 signaling and displayed greater antiproliferative activity in @entity213 cell lines with @entity20721 mutations or amplification, whereas cell lines with @entity2370 alterations were relatively resistant to its effects. Pretreatment with @entity72265 radiosensitized @entity20721 -mutant @entity213 cells, enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis, @entity16 repair, and prolonged G2-M arrest following irradiation. Furthermore, combined @entity72265 and radiation was more effective than either treatment alone in vivo in subcutaneous xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS: @entity72265 has increased potency in @entity213 cell lines harboring @entity20721 -activating aberrations. Further, combined @entity72265 and radiotherapy was more efficacious than either treatment alone in @entity20721 -altered @entity213 in vitro and in vivo. This strategy warrants further clinical investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 1-11.   2015 AACR.

title: Taselisib ( XXXX ), a Potent b-Sparing Small Molecule Inhibitor of @entity3115 , Radiosensitizes Head and Neck Squamous Carcinomas Containing Activating @entity20721 Alterations.

answer: @entity72265 :: (MESH:C582924,Chemical) :: ['GDC-0032']


abstract: PURPOSE: Activating @entity20721 genomic alterations are frequent in @entity213 ( @entity213 ), and there is an association between @entity3115 ( @entity3115 ) signaling and radioresistance. Hence, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of inhibiting @entity3115 with @entity72265 , a @entity3115 inhibitor with potent activity against @entity20721 , in combination with radiation in @entity213 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The efficacy of @entity72265 was assessed in vitro in 26 @entity213 cell lines with crystal violet proliferation assays, and changes in @entity3115 signaling were measured by Western blot analysis. @entity137 and radiosensitization were assessed with @entity10440 staining via flow cytometry and clonogenic survival assays, respectively. DNA damage repair was assessed with immunofluorescence for yH2AX foci, and cell cycle analysis was performed with flow cytometry. In vivo efficacy of @entity72265 and radiation was assessed in xenografts implanted into @entity19 . RESULTS: @entity72265 inhibited potently @entity3115 signaling and displayed greater antiproliferative activity in @entity213 cell lines with @entity20721 mutations or amplification, whereas cell lines with @entity2370 alterations were relatively resistant to its effects. Pretreatment with @entity72265 radiosensitized @entity20721 -mutant @entity213 cells, enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis, @entity16 repair, and prolonged G2-M arrest following irradiation. Furthermore, combined @entity72265 and radiation was more effective than either treatment alone in vivo in subcutaneous xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS: @entity72265 has increased potency in @entity213 cell lines harboring @entity20721 -activating aberrations. Further, combined @entity72265 and radiotherapy was more efficacious than either treatment alone in @entity20721 -altered @entity213 in vitro and in vivo. This strategy warrants further clinical investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 1-11.   2015 AACR.

title: Taselisib ( @entity72265 ), a Potent b-Sparing Small Molecule Inhibitor of XXXX , Radiosensitizes Head and Neck Squamous Carcinomas Containing Activating @entity20721 Alterations.

answer: @entity3115 :: (18708(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PI3K']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous studies have shown that @entity5139 pesticide (OP) exposure is associated with oxidative stress. @entity57066 ( @entity4508 ) is an OP widely used in agriculture, which is regarded as a highly toxic pesticide and it is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether @entity4508 can induce oxidative stress at low concentrations in primary cultures of @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs from healthy individuals were exposed to @entity4508 (0-80 mg/L) for 0-72 h. We performed the @entity98 and neutral-red assays to assess the @entity137 . As indicators of oxidative stress, the levels of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) were assessed using flow cytometry, and the @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) levels were determined. @entity4508 decreased the viability of PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations of 3, 10, or 20 mg/L for 24 h, @entity4508 increased the ROS production significantly compared with the vehicle control. Similarly, @entity4508 increased the levels of @entity1865 at the same concentrations that increased ROS (10 and 20 mg/L); however, no changes in @entity6172 levels were observed. These results suggest that @entity4508 increased the generation of oxidative stress in PBMCs.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2015.

title: XXXX induces @entity137 and oxidative stress in @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity57066 :: ('MESH:C014655', 'Chemical') :: ['Methamidophos']

entities_list: @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphate']

answer: @entity57066 :: (MESH:C014655,Chemical) :: ['Methamidophos']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous studies have shown that @entity5139 pesticide (OP) exposure is associated with oxidative stress. @entity57066 ( @entity4508 ) is an OP widely used in agriculture, which is regarded as a highly toxic pesticide and it is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether @entity4508 can induce oxidative stress at low concentrations in primary cultures of @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs from healthy individuals were exposed to @entity4508 (0-80 mg/L) for 0-72 h. We performed the @entity98 and neutral-red assays to assess the @entity137 . As indicators of oxidative stress, the levels of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) were assessed using flow cytometry, and the @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) levels were determined. @entity4508 decreased the viability of PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations of 3, 10, or 20 mg/L for 24 h, @entity4508 increased the ROS production significantly compared with the vehicle control. Similarly, @entity4508 increased the levels of @entity1865 at the same concentrations that increased ROS (10 and 20 mg/L); however, no changes in @entity6172 levels were observed. These results suggest that @entity4508 increased the generation of oxidative stress in PBMCs.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2015.

title: @entity57066 induces XXXX and oxidative stress in @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous studies have shown that @entity5139 pesticide (OP) exposure is associated with oxidative stress. @entity57066 ( @entity4508 ) is an OP widely used in agriculture, which is regarded as a highly toxic pesticide and it is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether @entity4508 can induce oxidative stress at low concentrations in primary cultures of @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). PBMCs from healthy individuals were exposed to @entity4508 (0-80 mg/L) for 0-72 h. We performed the @entity98 and neutral-red assays to assess the @entity137 . As indicators of oxidative stress, the levels of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) were assessed using flow cytometry, and the @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) levels were determined. @entity4508 decreased the viability of PBMCs in a dose-dependent manner. At concentrations of 3, 10, or 20 mg/L for 24 h, @entity4508 increased the ROS production significantly compared with the vehicle control. Similarly, @entity4508 increased the levels of @entity1865 at the same concentrations that increased ROS (10 and 20 mg/L); however, no changes in @entity6172 levels were observed. These results suggest that @entity4508 increased the generation of oxidative stress in PBMCs.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2015.

title: @entity57066 induces @entity137 and oxidative stress in XXXX peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mouthrinses are widely utilized in daily oral and dental hygiene to control plaque. However, most commercially available mouthrinses contain @entity167 as an excipient. Most studies have focused on the clinical side effects related to the alcoholic fraction of mouthrinses, overlooking @entity167 metabolism in the mouth. Due to this oral enzymatic process, the well-recognized toxic compound @entity3094 is emitted in the mouth. Since gingival fibroblasts play a key role in oral connective tissue health maintenance, we investigated the effects of different doses of @entity3094 on @entity1 gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in order to better define the effects of @entity167 -containing mouthrinses on oral tissue. METHODS: Cultured HGFs were exposed to different concentrations of @entity3094 (10(-4) M to 10(-2) M). The cell adhesion rate was measured after a 3-hour incubation period, and cell viability over a 5-day period. In order to assess the reversibility of the damage produced by @entity3094 , treatment was interrupted at critical doses (10(-3) M and 3 x 10(-3) M), and cell viability was evaluated on the third and fifth day of incubation. The @entity11968 cytoskeleton was studied by immunocytochemical technique, and internal cell structures were observed with transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the morphological changes due to @entity3094 . RESULTS: The results showed that @entity3094 produced a dose- and time-dependent inhibition on cell adhesion and viability, together with disruption of cytoskeletal structures and cytoplasmic organelles. Nevertheless, these quantitative and qualitative damages were reversible when the treatment was interrupted. CONCLUSIONS: Although more knowledge is necessary, our results suggest that these deleterious effects may also occur in vivo. Pending further investigations, clinicians should be alerted to the potentially adverse effect of @entity167 -containing mouthrinses and, to promote oral health, @entity1 should be warned about improper use of these products.

title: Mouthrinses with XXXX : cytotoxic effects on @entity1 gingival fibroblasts in vitro.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mouthrinses are widely utilized in daily oral and dental hygiene to control plaque. However, most commercially available mouthrinses contain @entity167 as an excipient. Most studies have focused on the clinical side effects related to the alcoholic fraction of mouthrinses, overlooking @entity167 metabolism in the mouth. Due to this oral enzymatic process, the well-recognized toxic compound @entity3094 is emitted in the mouth. Since gingival fibroblasts play a key role in oral connective tissue health maintenance, we investigated the effects of different doses of @entity3094 on @entity1 gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in order to better define the effects of @entity167 -containing mouthrinses on oral tissue. METHODS: Cultured HGFs were exposed to different concentrations of @entity3094 (10(-4) M to 10(-2) M). The cell adhesion rate was measured after a 3-hour incubation period, and cell viability over a 5-day period. In order to assess the reversibility of the damage produced by @entity3094 , treatment was interrupted at critical doses (10(-3) M and 3 x 10(-3) M), and cell viability was evaluated on the third and fifth day of incubation. The @entity11968 cytoskeleton was studied by immunocytochemical technique, and internal cell structures were observed with transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the morphological changes due to @entity3094 . RESULTS: The results showed that @entity3094 produced a dose- and time-dependent inhibition on cell adhesion and viability, together with disruption of cytoskeletal structures and cytoplasmic organelles. Nevertheless, these quantitative and qualitative damages were reversible when the treatment was interrupted. CONCLUSIONS: Although more knowledge is necessary, our results suggest that these deleterious effects may also occur in vivo. Pending further investigations, clinicians should be alerted to the potentially adverse effect of @entity167 -containing mouthrinses and, to promote oral health, @entity1 should be warned about improper use of these products.

title: Mouthrinses with @entity167 : cytotoxic effects on XXXX gingival fibroblasts in vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Levator ani muscle complex plays an important role in pelvic support and defects or laxity in this muscle complex contributes to pelvic organ prolapse and recurrence after surgical repair. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether estimated levator ani subtended volume can predict surgical outcomes for laparoscopic bilateral uterosacral ligament suspension. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was performed in @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic uterosacral ligament suspension from 2010-2012. Only @entity1 with a preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance image were included. @entity177 was defined as a composite score that included the presence of anatomic bulge beyond the hymen with sensation of vaginal bulge or repeat treatment for prolapse via pessary or surgery by 1-year follow-up evaluation. Standard protocol pelvic magnetic resonance imaging measurements pubococcygeal line, H-line, and M-line were collected along with the calculation of the width of the levator ani hiatus. Estimated levator ani subtended volume was calculated for each subject. An optimal cutoff point was calculated and compared against categoric values of surgical success/failure. A Fisher exact test, an area under receiver operating characteristics curve, and logistic regression analysis were performed. A probability value of <.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Ninety-three @entity1 underwent laparoscopic bilateral uterosacral ligament suspension during study period. Of these, 66 @entity1 had a standardized preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance image per institutional protocol. Thirteen @entity1 (19.6%) met the criteria for @entity177 by 1 year. An optimal cutoff point of 38.5 was calculated by Liu's method for optimization. Among the @entity1 with defined surgical failures, 84.6% (11/13) had an estimated levator ani subtended volume above cutoff point of 38.5. Among the @entity1 with defined surgical success, 39.6% (21/53) had an estimated levator ani subtended volume above the cutoff point (84.6% vs 39.6%; P  = .0048) with a significant odds ratio of 8.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.69-41.68; P  = .009). An area under receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.725 (95% confidence interval, 0.603-0.847), sensitivity of 84.6% (95% confidence interval, 54.6%-98.1%), and specificity of 60.4% (95% confidence interval, 46%-73.5%) at 38.5 were predictors of surgical success/failure by 1 year. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated no significant confounders among age, body mass index, stage, or parity. CONCLUSIONS: Estimated levator ani subtended volume may predict @entity177 for laparoscopic bilateral uterosacral ligament suspension. @entity1 with a calculated estimated levator ani subtended volume above 38.5 on a preoperative pelvic magnetic resonance imaging were associated with an increased risk for @entity177 by 1 year, regardless of age, body mass index, stage, or parity. Future investigation that will include repeatability, reliability analysis, and a prospective study is warranted.

title: Estimated levator ani subtended volume: a novel assay for predicting XXXX after uterosacral ligament suspension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical failure', 'surgical failure']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['surgical failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The isolation of @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) on routine swabs taken from genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic attendees is a common finding. The relation of @entity1892 to @entity1109 is unclear, creating @entity911 about management. This case-control study tested the hypothesis that detection of @entity1892 on routine clinical specimens is not causally related to @entity1109 in female GUM clinic attendees. METHODS: Data were collected on all female GUM clinic attendees who had @entity1892 isolated from anogenital swabs between July 1999 and July 2001. Controls were randomly selected from all new and rebooking female GUM clinic attendees. Controls were group matched for age with cases and were included only if a sexual health screen was performed and the results of this were available. RESULTS: 118 cases and 308 controls were identified during the study period. There was no significant difference between cases and controls in @entity1 demographic or behavioural characteristics, the presence of @entity325 , or @entity1109 . There was no relation between symptoms and quantitative growth of @entity1892 reported by the laboratory in either cervical or urethral swabs. Only nine cases had high vaginal swabs taken, in whom there was a significant association between a heavy growth of @entity1892 and @entity1109 (p=0.008). CONCLUSION: The isolation of @entity1892 from routinely collected genital swabs in female attendees of a GUM clinic is not causally related to @entity1109 . We recommend that @entity1 should receive this advice and should not be treated with antibiotic therapy for this indication.

title: Group B streptococcus carriage and XXXX : causal or casual? A case-control study in a GUM clinic population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'group B streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['genital co-infection']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['vulvovaginal symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND The endovascular approach has shown high initial technical success rates, good patency rates, and minimal complications in treating transplant @entity2791 (TRAS). The objective of this study was to describe our experience with an endovascular approach to TRAS. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed a retrospective single-institutional review of all kidney transplant procedures performed at our institution from September 2009 to September 2014. All consecutive cases of TRAS were included. RESULTS From a total of 183 kidney transplantations, 16 @entity1 had TRAS. Mean time from transplantation to TRAS diagnosis was 201.8 days. Stenoses or hemodynamic significant kinkings were located at the @entity254 (7), proximal (5) and middle (4) portions of the transplant artery. All @entity1 were treated with angioplasty and primary balloon-expanding stenting. Early technical success was 93.75% and local complication rate was 12.5%. No @entity204 occurred. Mean serum @entity1011 level dropped from 3.87 mg/dL to 2.91 mg/dL after 24 hours; 1.85 mg/dL after one month; and 1.67 mg/dL after three months (P<0.05). Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate increased from 31.60 mL/min to 39.53 mL/min after 24 hours; 50.92 mL/min after one month; and 55.05 mL/min after three months (P<0.05). Doppler ultrasound criteria normalized after the procedure. Number of classes of antihypertensive drugs was not different before and after the procedure (P=0.38). Mean follow-up time was 9.75 months. One @entity1 had a @entity256 and required surgical intervention to restore graft function. CONCLUSIONS The endovascular approach to TRAS with primary balloon-expanding stenting was safe and had a high rate of technical success. It was effective for restore and maintain the renal function in transplant kidney grafts with a low rate of @entity256 .

title: Endovascular Approach to Transplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['Renal Artery Stenosis']


abstract: A 27-year old female was discovered at 4 a.m. lying in a wet field, the ambient temperature being of 4 degrees C. Her rectal temperature had fallen to 19 degrees C. She was @entity772 and failed to respond to noxious stimuli. Her pupils were dilated and fixed. Her respiratory rate was reduced to three to four breaths per min. Her blood pressure was not measurable and neither femoral or carotid pulse could be detected. The heart was in sinus rhythm with a rate of 40 b X @entity1009 . During her transfer to hospital, she was ventilated with @entity26 , a tidal volume of 300 ml and a rate of 10 b X @entity1009 . On arrival in the emergency room, a short period of @entity2224 preceded @entity1167 . Cardiac massage and @entity4388 infusion were continued during the transfer of the @entity1 to the operating theatre. A femoro-femoral cardiopulmonary bypass was started with a bloodless priming, 3 mg X kg-1 heparin and a flow of 3,000 to 3,500 ml X @entity1009 . Mean arterial pressure was maintained between 65 and 85 mmHg; cardiac massage was discontinued during the bypass. Within 50 min, @entity2224 appeared, rectal temperature had increased to 33 degrees C. Electrical defibrillation (300 J) was successful. Cardiopulmonary bypass was stopped after 63 min. The postoperative course was uneventful, apart from transient @entity4 . At the time of discharge, a week later, no loss of intellect or change in behaviour could be perceived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Accidental deep hypothermia and XXXX . Treatment with extracorporeal circulation].

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: @entity731 is an @entity792 associated with @entity166 , inflammatory, and autoimmune factors. Both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms have been proposed to participate in the onset and/or progression of @entity75 . @entity1457 protein (hsp), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and @entity9500 have been reported to elicit humoral and cellular immune response in both experimental animals and @entity1 . These autoantigens are expressed within @entity731 . Immunization with the given autoantigens elicits an immune response that influences lesion progression. @entity731 susceptibility can be transferred by autoantigen-sensitized lymphocytes from immunized animals. @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) have a high risk for @entity65 events. The traditional risk factors fail to fully account for accelerated @entity731 in @entity1252 and @entity1701 . Immunological alterations, such as antibodies to oxidized LDL, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), antibodies to beta-2 Glycoprotein (anti- @entity2263 -GPL), anti-prothrombin antibodies, may play a role in premature @entity731 in @entity1252 and @entity1701 . Paraoxonase ( @entity533 ) is an enzyme with antioxidant activity attached to the circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. Its function is to prevent oxidation of LDL, thereby accounting for the antioxidant properties and the atherosclerotic protective effects of HDL. The relationship between @entity533 and aPL has been recently suggested. IgG anti-HDL and IgG anti- @entity9500 antibodies were associated with reduced @entity533 activity in @entity1 with @entity1252 and primary @entity1701 . The determination of classic and new factors, together with specific autoantibody titers and the use of Doppler carotid ultrasound, are useful methods to detect early @entity731 in @entity1252 and PAPS. Therapeutic strategies, including early control of disease and other risk factors, are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.

title: @entity731 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune/inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: @entity731 is an @entity792 associated with @entity166 , inflammatory, and autoimmune factors. Both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms have been proposed to participate in the onset and/or progression of @entity75 . @entity1457 protein (hsp), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and @entity9500 have been reported to elicit humoral and cellular immune response in both experimental animals and @entity1 . These autoantigens are expressed within @entity731 . Immunization with the given autoantigens elicits an immune response that influences lesion progression. @entity731 susceptibility can be transferred by autoantigen-sensitized lymphocytes from immunized animals. @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) have a high risk for @entity65 events. The traditional risk factors fail to fully account for accelerated @entity731 in @entity1252 and @entity1701 . Immunological alterations, such as antibodies to oxidized LDL, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), antibodies to beta-2 Glycoprotein (anti- @entity2263 -GPL), anti-prothrombin antibodies, may play a role in premature @entity731 in @entity1252 and @entity1701 . Paraoxonase ( @entity533 ) is an enzyme with antioxidant activity attached to the circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. Its function is to prevent oxidation of LDL, thereby accounting for the antioxidant properties and the atherosclerotic protective effects of HDL. The relationship between @entity533 and aPL has been recently suggested. IgG anti-HDL and IgG anti- @entity9500 antibodies were associated with reduced @entity533 activity in @entity1 with @entity1252 and primary @entity1701 . The determination of classic and new factors, together with specific autoantibody titers and the use of Doppler carotid ultrasound, are useful methods to detect early @entity731 in @entity1252 and PAPS. Therapeutic strategies, including early control of disease and other risk factors, are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.

title: XXXX and @entity1701 .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of intravenous @entity3416 in the treatment of @entity1 hospitalized for exacerbation of @entity1030 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial during the first 72 hours of hospitalization. @entity1 : Thirty @entity1 admitted from the emergency room or walk-in clinic with the primary diagnosis of an exacerbation of @entity1030 . Twenty-eight @entity1 completed the study; 2 @entity1 , 1 receiving placebo and 1 receiving @entity3416 , were removed from the study because of @entity1576 requiring mechanical ventilation. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received either intravenous @entity3416 or placebo, in addition to nebulized, inhaled 0.3 mL of a 5% solution every 6 hours; @entity1667 , 0.5 mg/kg body weight every 6 hours intravenously; @entity869 , 500 mg orally every 6 hours ( @entity803 or @entity206 - @entity207 were substituted in @entity114 - @entity56 @entity1 ); and supplemental @entity26 as needed. @entity3416 infusion rates were adjusted by an unblinded investigator to achieve @entity2544 levels of 72 to 83 mumol/L. Changes were also made in placebo infusion rates to maintain the double-blind design. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after @entity28787 inhalation were measured twice daily by a blinded investigator, who also administered a verbal @entity1353 index with a scale of 1 to 10 and questioned @entity1 regarding possible side effects of treatment ( @entity400 , palpitations, @entity390 , or @entity391 ). Arterial blood gas measurements at 72 hours were compared with those obtained on admission. Significant improvements in FEV1 and FVC measured before and after @entity28787 treatment and in @entity1353 occurred over time in both treatment groups (p less than 0.05 for all measurements). However, there were no significant differences between the placebo and @entity3416 groups in any of the spirometric measurements or the @entity1353 indices (p greater than 0.5 in all five analyses). The mean increases (+/- SE) in @entity4095 of 1.9 (+/- 0.5) kPa with placebo and 1.7 (+/- 0.7) kPa with @entity3416 and the mean decreases in PCO2 of 0.5 (+/- 0.4) kPa with placebo and 1.2 (+/- 0.4) kPa with @entity3416 were not significantly different (p greater than 0.6 for @entity4095 , p greater than 0.2 for PCO2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity3416 for acute exacerbations of XXXX . A controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminophylline', 'aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity28787 :: ('MESH:D009921', 'Chemical') :: ['metaproterenol']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of intravenous @entity3416 in the treatment of @entity1 hospitalized for exacerbation of @entity1030 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial during the first 72 hours of hospitalization. @entity1 : Thirty @entity1 admitted from the emergency room or walk-in clinic with the primary diagnosis of an exacerbation of @entity1030 . Twenty-eight @entity1 completed the study; 2 @entity1 , 1 receiving placebo and 1 receiving @entity3416 , were removed from the study because of @entity1576 requiring mechanical ventilation. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received either intravenous @entity3416 or placebo, in addition to nebulized, inhaled 0.3 mL of a 5% solution every 6 hours; @entity1667 , 0.5 mg/kg body weight every 6 hours intravenously; @entity869 , 500 mg orally every 6 hours ( @entity803 or @entity206 - @entity207 were substituted in @entity114 - @entity56 @entity1 ); and supplemental @entity26 as needed. @entity3416 infusion rates were adjusted by an unblinded investigator to achieve @entity2544 levels of 72 to 83 mumol/L. Changes were also made in placebo infusion rates to maintain the double-blind design. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) before and after @entity28787 inhalation were measured twice daily by a blinded investigator, who also administered a verbal @entity1353 index with a scale of 1 to 10 and questioned @entity1 regarding possible side effects of treatment ( @entity400 , palpitations, @entity390 , or @entity391 ). Arterial blood gas measurements at 72 hours were compared with those obtained on admission. Significant improvements in FEV1 and FVC measured before and after @entity28787 treatment and in @entity1353 occurred over time in both treatment groups (p less than 0.05 for all measurements). However, there were no significant differences between the placebo and @entity3416 groups in any of the spirometric measurements or the @entity1353 indices (p greater than 0.5 in all five analyses). The mean increases (+/- SE) in @entity4095 of 1.9 (+/- 0.5) kPa with placebo and 1.7 (+/- 0.7) kPa with @entity3416 and the mean decreases in PCO2 of 0.5 (+/- 0.4) kPa with placebo and 1.2 (+/- 0.4) kPa with @entity3416 were not significantly different (p greater than 0.6 for @entity4095 , p greater than 0.2 for PCO2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX for acute exacerbations of @entity1030 . A controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity3416 :: (MESH:D000628,Chemical) :: ['Aminophylline']