abstract: Two hundred twenty-seven cases of @entity1036 reported in nonreferral county practice were studied. The staphylococci, @entity796 and @entity328 , were the major isolates. A multivariate statistical model was developed to evaluate possible predisposing and outcome determinants. Several racial and age-related relationships were shown. The interaction of numerous local ocular and systemic factors played a fundamental role in causing disease. The authors found significant association between @entity2260 and topical @entity134 use, and direct and indirect linkage of @entity794 with @entity6 and @entity130 , respectively. @entity2260 and Moraxella were risk factors for major complications (24% of cases); @entity2260 was related to enucleation and late perforation. Corneal exposure and prior topical @entity230 were associated with prolonged hospital stays. Hypopyon was associated with @entity7706 , 60 years of age or older, and @entity130 . The identification of groups at high-risk for @entity1036 and problems of preventive management are discussed.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in southern California. A multivariate analysis.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['microbial keratitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['microbial keratitis']


abstract: Over 50 million @entity1 in the United States are @entity101 . @entity455 accounts for 3-5% of these @entity101 @entity1 . Because @entity2792 is potentially curable, much effort has been devoted to detecting and treating @entity2791 . Conventional angiography has been traditionally used to diagnose @entity2791 . However, because of its invasiveness and cost, conventional angiography cannot be utilized as a screening test in all @entity1 who may have @entity2791 . Several noninvasive studies have been advocated for screening in @entity101 @entity1 who may have @entity455 . However, the accuracy of these noninvasive studies is widely variable, and appropriate use of these noninvasive studies needs to be better defined. Appropriate use of diagnostic imaging examinations for @entity101 @entity1 depends on the index of suspicion for @entity455 and on the @entity1 's renal function. If certain clinical findings suggest the possibility of @entity455 , then conventional angiography/intraarterial digital subtraction angiography should be performed. Captopril renography or duplex Doppler sonography could also be utilized if angiography is not desired or is contraindicated because of @entity8 or a contrast @entity566 . Magnetic resonance angiography appears to be most helpful in a small, select group of @entity1 who are likely to have proximal @entity2791 .

title: Diagnostic imaging evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease', 'Renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: A multicentre study was undertaken to determine whether side effects induced by @entity551 drugs could be reduced by replacement with low dose @entity3371 . There were 100 @entity1 on combinations of drugs, including diuretics, beta-blocking agents, @entity12833 , @entity1338 and vasodilators. A questionnarie to obtain information on quality of life was completed by the @entity1 . Each @entity1 had major drugs, possibly responsible for side effects, withdrawn. @entity3371 was added at an initial dose of 12.5 up to 25 mg b.i.d. and titrated to a maximum of 50 mg t.i.d., until the blood pressure was equal to or lower than the level on entry into the study. Blood pressure was measured every two weeks and questionnaries were completed a number of times during the treatment period and scored at random, not in chronological order. A marked drop in blood pressure was obtained: mean systolic blood pressure went down from 173.4 +/- 2 to 154.5 +/- 2 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure dropped from 104.5 +/- 11 to 9l.5 +/- 12 mm Hg. Neither @entity591 nor orthostasis was observed. Side effects, including inability to concentrate, nightmares, @entity1296 and @entity250 , were reduced in 36% of the @entity1 . @entity3371 itself produced no significant additional adverse reactions. It is concluded that @entity3371 is a safe and effective drug, which can replace antihypertensive drugs that have deleterious side effects.

title: XXXX as a replacement therapy in hypertension improving quality of life--a multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['methyldopa']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['Captopril']


abstract: @entity2012 is a @entity4903 characterized by growth hormone hypersecretion and is usually caused by a @entity4611 . It is associated with significantly increased @entity1 morbidity and mortality. Molecular biological studies have implicated a causative role for oncogenic mutations (activating @entity2163 mutations and/or chromosomal 11q13 deletions) in less than 50% of cases. The cause(s) in the remaining 50% is speculative. Epidemiological evidence indicates that biochemical cure is achieved when mean GH levels are 5mU/l or less during a day-profile. This GH value correlates well with that required to normalize the serum @entity442 concentration, a GH-dependent peptide which can be used to monitor the disease activity in @entity2012 . Treatment must be carried out under the supervision of a dedicated endocrinologist and tailored to @entity1 needs. The success of any treatment modality (surgery/pituitary irradiation/medical) depends on @entity652 size and the extent of pretreatment GH hypersecretion. A combination of therapies is usually required to achieve satisfactory control of @entity652 and GH hypersecretion. Octreotide, a synthetic analogue of native somatostatin, is particularly effective in controlling GH hypersecretion in this condition and the widespread introduction of a long-acting depot preparation is eagerly awaited. The development of @entity2338 as a result of treatment is potentially worrying in view of its possible contribution to the increased incidence of @entity65 associated with @entity4614 .

title: XXXX : unravelling a complex disease.

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['true GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma growth', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['rare endocrine disorder']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['Acromegaly']


abstract: Eighty-three previously healthy @entity1 with @entity693 presenting to a general hospital were reviewed. The single most common cause was @entity378 (40 per cent) with @entity1328 (7 per cent), @entity5 (8 per cent) and other definable causes much less frequent. In one-third of @entity1 (34 per cent) no cause was found although most appeared to respond to treatment either with anti- @entity378 drugs or @entity230 . There were some differences in clinical presentation, the clinical picture being most characteristic in @entity1906 and @entity3554 . However, there were frequent exceptions to any general rule and, particularly in adults, the clinical features and changes in cell count, protein and @entity413 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) did not reliably distinguish one form of @entity693 from another. Cerebral and meningeal biopsy produced disappointing results with respect to practical guidance in management. It is often necessary to begin treatment before a cause has been identified. Important points in management include the early use of anti- @entity378 treatment and the difficulty in deciding on a trial of treatment with @entity288 or @entity2379 . Not emphasised in previous reports is a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity693 who are responsive to treatment with @entity230 . Those @entity1 tend to follow a more prolonged indolent course and often require long-term immunosuppression to control symptoms.

title: XXXX without predisposing illness--a review of 83 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic chronic meningitis', 'chronic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['malignant meningitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['Chronic meningitis']


abstract: In December 1982 an @entity6938 presumably produced by the ingestion of home-made pickled trout occurred in San Rafael, province of Mendoza, Argentina. The toxin detected in blood serum and feces samples of the sole affected @entity1 was preliminarily typed as a plain type A. A strain of @entity6940 was isolated from feces which, after culture by the dialysis method, produced 1 x 10(7) LD50/ @entity19 per ml. Quantitative neutralization tests carried out at different levels of toxin concentration, showed that this toxin consists of a major type A antigenic component (about 99% of the complex) and a minor type F component, defining its identity as a subtype Af. A rabbit antiserum obtained from this toxin neutralizes A and F reference toxins. Despite the antitoxic and supportive treatment, the @entity1 died as a consequence of the @entity4968 . The polyvalent antiserum administered contained A, B and E antitoxins. @entity204 could be due to the lethal effect of the A fraction, the F fraction or to a combined effect of both toxic components of the toxin. This is the first detection of an outbreak produced by @entity6940 subtype Af, serotype described in Argentina fifteen years ago, and not detected until now in other parts of the world.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [First outbreak of botulism caused by XXXX subtype Af].

entities_list: @entity6940 :: ('1491', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium botulinum', 'C. botulinum']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity6938 :: ('MESH:D001906', 'Disease') :: ['outbreak of foodborne botulism']

answer: @entity6940 :: (1491,Species) :: ['Clostridium botulinum']


abstract: Recent laboratory investigations of @entity1 with @entity1222 and their pathologic tissues demonstrate the close immunologic relationship between the Langerhans-like cells of these @entity1 and normal epidermal Langerhans cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system. @entity1051 of a peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulation is seen in @entity1222 @entity1 . Its relevance to the pathogenesis of the disease is yet to be determined. The @entity738 of @entity1222 contains large numbers of cells similar to epidermal Langerhans cells, components of the mononuclear phagocytic system. The Langerhans cells of @entity1222 can now be characterized by a number of immunologic and immunohistochemical techniques. Similarities and differences between them and other components of the mononuclear phagocytic system have been recognized, supporting the concept of the duality of the system's @entity74 . There is a deficiency of suppressor T lymphocytes in @entity1 with @entity1222 and a rise in the number of suppressor cells after in vitro incubation with thymic hormones. Increases in the peripheral blood suppressor cell number occur spontaneously or inconsistently after parenteral administration of thymic hormone. It is not known at present what the relationship is between the decrease in suppressor lymphocytes and the reports of thymic abnormalities in these @entity1 . More investigations are needed in @entity1 with active and inactive disease: measuring serum thymic factors, performing clinical trials with thymic products, determining monocyte or macrophage function, and evaluating other possible dysfunctions of suppressor T lymphocytes.

title: Immunobiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1051 :: ('MESH:D013661', 'Disease') :: ['A deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['histiocytosis-X', 'active histiocytosis-X']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative disorders']

answer: @entity1222 :: (MESH:D006646,Disease) :: ['histiocytosis-X']


abstract: We have examined the nature of biochemical degradation of an isolated basement membrane matrix ( @entity291 lens capsule) using different methodologies. The first strategy was quantitation of the release of surface-bound 125I and a second the documentation by @entity214 -PAGE of the appearance of putative cleavage products and the loss of high-molecular-weight components from the matrix. Basement membrane matrix bands resolved on @entity214 -PAGE were identified by their protease sensitivities as well as by Western immunoblots using monoclonal antibodies developed for this study. Radioiodinated components were found predominantly at positions on the gel equivalent to 160-200 kd and 400 kd proteins. Since these labeled moieties were sensitive to bacterial collagenase digestion and stained with anticollagen type IV antibodies, they were determined to represent various configurations of collagen type IV. Several other lower-molecular-weight bands also stained with the anticollagen IV antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with laminin exhibited a complex staining pattern on the gels, which included the expected 200 and 400 kd components. We confirmed that lens capsule basement membrane contained only a single heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan species, and @entity5 cell-induced glycosaminoglycan degradation within the basement membrane matrix was detected using @entity27238 electrophoresis. Distinctive putative cleavage products were resolved on @entity214 -PAGE gels from matrices subjected to digestion by a variety of purified proteases as well as by @entity3 cells or their conditioned media. @entity5 cells of different histiotypes produced different characteristic cleavage patterns, suggestive of the existence of several pathways of matrix degradation. Overall, primary @entity5 cells exhibited a greater degradative activity towards the basement membrane matrix than did long-term tissue culture-passaged cells. The same @entity5 cell line could exhibit considerably different patterns of both protein and glycosaminoglycan degradation depending on recent culture history. The relevance of these biochemical studies to the pathogenesis of @entity5 is shown by: 1) the evaluation of degradative activities of B16 @entity5 cell populations exhibiting enhanced lung-colonizing phenotypes, and 2) the ability of a known antimetastatic moiety with antiprotease activity (Haementeria leech species salivary gland extract) to protect matrix components from degradation by @entity5 cell-conditioned medium.

title: Comparison of basement membrane matrix degradation by purified proteases and by XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity27238 :: ('MESH:C005062', 'Chemical') :: ['cellulose acetate']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine how many @entity1 were deprived of treatment by being given placebo as comparator in trials of @entity3974 for @entity1209 . DESIGN: Review of published trials of @entity3974 during 1991 to July 1994. SETTING: Medline search in a university department of anaesthesia. SUBJECTS: 8806 @entity1 who had been included in 18 indexed placebo controlled trials of @entity3974 as prophylaxis against or treatment of @entity1209 . RESULTS: Five studies (1236 @entity1 ) had been published by July 1992. All were placebo controlled trials. By July 1994, 8806 @entity1 had been included in 18 indexed placebo controlled studies of prophylaxis or treatment. Only 462 @entity1 had been in studies that compared @entity3974 with other drugs, and there were no indexed comparative trials of treatment of @entity1209 . Roughly 2180 @entity1 had been given placebo as prophylaxis and 440 had been given placebo when already experiencing @entity1209 . CONCLUSIONS: Around 2620 @entity1 in the reviewed studies were denied existing drugs, which, though not completely effective or without side effects, do bring some relief from @entity1209 . Drug regulatory bodies should collaborate with drug companies to ensure better comparison of new with established drugs. This would avoid placebos being given to more than the fewest @entity1 necessary to confirm effect and would allow doctors to be informed more quickly about relative efficacies.

title: Denial of effective treatment and poor quality of clinical information in placebo controlled trials of @entity3974 for XXXX : a review of published trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'nausea and vomiting', 'postoperative nausea or vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine how many @entity1 were deprived of treatment by being given placebo as comparator in trials of @entity3974 for @entity1209 . DESIGN: Review of published trials of @entity3974 during 1991 to July 1994. SETTING: Medline search in a university department of anaesthesia. SUBJECTS: 8806 @entity1 who had been included in 18 indexed placebo controlled trials of @entity3974 as prophylaxis against or treatment of @entity1209 . RESULTS: Five studies (1236 @entity1 ) had been published by July 1992. All were placebo controlled trials. By July 1994, 8806 @entity1 had been included in 18 indexed placebo controlled studies of prophylaxis or treatment. Only 462 @entity1 had been in studies that compared @entity3974 with other drugs, and there were no indexed comparative trials of treatment of @entity1209 . Roughly 2180 @entity1 had been given placebo as prophylaxis and 440 had been given placebo when already experiencing @entity1209 . CONCLUSIONS: Around 2620 @entity1 in the reviewed studies were denied existing drugs, which, though not completely effective or without side effects, do bring some relief from @entity1209 . Drug regulatory bodies should collaborate with drug companies to ensure better comparison of new with established drugs. This would avoid placebos being given to more than the fewest @entity1 necessary to confirm effect and would allow doctors to be informed more quickly about relative efficacies.

title: Denial of effective treatment and poor quality of clinical information in placebo controlled trials of XXXX for @entity1209 : a review of published trials.

answer: @entity3974 :: (MESH:D017294,Chemical) :: ['ondansetron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate two hospital outbreaks of @entity26210 in southern central Nigeria. SETTING: Hospitals and clinics in urban and rural areas of Imo State, Nigeria. DESIGN: Medical records were reviewed in hospitals and clinics in both areas. @entity1 with presumed and laboratory confirmed @entity26210 were identified and contracts traced. Hospital staff, @entity1 , and local residents were questioned, records were carefully reviewed, and serum samples were taken. Serum samples were assayed for antibody specific to @entity26211 , and isolates of @entity26211 were obtained. RESULTS: Among 34 @entity1 with @entity26210 , including 20 @entity1 , six nurses, two surgeons, one physician, and the son of a @entity1 , there were 22 @entity204 (65% fatality rate). Eleven cases were laboratory confirmed, five by isolation of virus. Most @entity1 had been exposed in hospitals (attack rate in @entity1 in one hospital 55%). Both outbreak hospitals were inadequately equipped and staffed, with poor medical practice. Compelling, indirect evidence revealed that parenteral drug rounds with sharing of syringes, conducted by minimally educated and supervised staff, fuelled the @entity3082 among @entity1 . Staff were subsequently infected during emergency surgery and while caring for nosocomially infected @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This outbreak illustrates the high price exacted by the practice of modern medicine, particularly use of parenteral injections and surgery, without due attention to good medical practice. High priority must be given to education of medical staff in developing countries and to guidelines for safe operation of clinics and hospitals. Failure to do so will have far reaching, costly, and ultimately devastating consequences.

title: Review of cases of nosocomial XXXX in Nigeria: the high price of poor medical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26210 :: ('MESH:D007835', 'Disease') :: ['Lassa fever']

answer: @entity26210 :: (MESH:D007835,Disease) :: ['Lassa fever']


abstract: @entity778 ( @entity778 ) mutants or recombinant vectors might be useful oncolytic agents. Three general types of @entity778 vectors can be potentially used for this purpose: (1) mutants in viral transcription factors, such as ICP0 and ICP4; (2) mutants in enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, such as @entity1014 kinase (TK) and @entity2151 reductase (RR); and (3) mutants in neurovirulence factors, such as gamma 34.5. We tested the destructive ability of each type against @entity35 9L @entity3038 cells in culture. We found that the @entity778 vectors defective in TK or RR were more efficient at @entity5 cell lysis in culture than the other types of @entity778 vectors. This increased efficiency provided the rationale for evaluating the TK and RR mutants in vivo following their stereotactic inoculation into 9L @entity3038 implanted in @entity35 brains. We employed the X-gal enzymatic histochemical assay to show that @entity778 -mediated lacZ gene expression was present in cells within the @entity5 mass in a relatively selective fashion. Immunoreactive @entity778 capsid and core antigens were present both in cells within the @entity5 , as well as in cells such as neurons and astrocytes, directly adjacent to the @entity5 mass. Long-term survival studies revealed that @entity35 treated with either the TK or RR mutant lived significantly longer than control @entity35 (p = 0.014, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance). These results indicate that @entity778 vectors, defective in enzymes needed in nucleic acid metabolism, can preferentially mediate lacZ gene expression in cells within the @entity5 . (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antitumor activity and reporter gene transfer into @entity35 brain neoplasms inoculated with herpes simplex virus vectors defective in XXXX kinase or @entity2151 reductase.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcomas', 'gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Herpes simplex virus', 'HSV']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide']

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['thymidine']


abstract: @entity778 ( @entity778 ) mutants or recombinant vectors might be useful oncolytic agents. Three general types of @entity778 vectors can be potentially used for this purpose: (1) mutants in viral transcription factors, such as ICP0 and ICP4; (2) mutants in enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, such as @entity1014 kinase (TK) and @entity2151 reductase (RR); and (3) mutants in neurovirulence factors, such as gamma 34.5. We tested the destructive ability of each type against @entity35 9L @entity3038 cells in culture. We found that the @entity778 vectors defective in TK or RR were more efficient at @entity5 cell lysis in culture than the other types of @entity778 vectors. This increased efficiency provided the rationale for evaluating the TK and RR mutants in vivo following their stereotactic inoculation into 9L @entity3038 implanted in @entity35 brains. We employed the X-gal enzymatic histochemical assay to show that @entity778 -mediated lacZ gene expression was present in cells within the @entity5 mass in a relatively selective fashion. Immunoreactive @entity778 capsid and core antigens were present both in cells within the @entity5 , as well as in cells such as neurons and astrocytes, directly adjacent to the @entity5 mass. Long-term survival studies revealed that @entity35 treated with either the TK or RR mutant lived significantly longer than control @entity35 (p = 0.014, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance). These results indicate that @entity778 vectors, defective in enzymes needed in nucleic acid metabolism, can preferentially mediate lacZ gene expression in cells within the @entity5 . (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antitumor activity and reporter gene transfer into @entity35 brain neoplasms inoculated with herpes simplex virus vectors defective in @entity1014 kinase or XXXX reductase.

answer: @entity2151 :: (CHEBI:26561,Chemical) :: ['ribonucleotide']


abstract: @entity778 ( @entity778 ) mutants or recombinant vectors might be useful oncolytic agents. Three general types of @entity778 vectors can be potentially used for this purpose: (1) mutants in viral transcription factors, such as ICP0 and ICP4; (2) mutants in enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism, such as @entity1014 kinase (TK) and @entity2151 reductase (RR); and (3) mutants in neurovirulence factors, such as gamma 34.5. We tested the destructive ability of each type against @entity35 9L @entity3038 cells in culture. We found that the @entity778 vectors defective in TK or RR were more efficient at @entity5 cell lysis in culture than the other types of @entity778 vectors. This increased efficiency provided the rationale for evaluating the TK and RR mutants in vivo following their stereotactic inoculation into 9L @entity3038 implanted in @entity35 brains. We employed the X-gal enzymatic histochemical assay to show that @entity778 -mediated lacZ gene expression was present in cells within the @entity5 mass in a relatively selective fashion. Immunoreactive @entity778 capsid and core antigens were present both in cells within the @entity5 , as well as in cells such as neurons and astrocytes, directly adjacent to the @entity5 mass. Long-term survival studies revealed that @entity35 treated with either the TK or RR mutant lived significantly longer than control @entity35 (p = 0.014, Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance). These results indicate that @entity778 vectors, defective in enzymes needed in nucleic acid metabolism, can preferentially mediate lacZ gene expression in cells within the @entity5 . (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antitumor activity and reporter gene transfer into XXXX brain neoplasms inoculated with herpes simplex virus vectors defective in @entity1014 kinase or @entity2151 reductase.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity6010 are benign, @entity528 and are found for the most part in @entity1 and young adults. They are most often localized in either the spinal cord or the cerebral hemispheres. @entity6010 in the sellar region are extremely rare and only 43 such @entity5 (including 4 own cases) have ever been described in the literature. Although these @entity5 are genuine rarities without any epidemiological importance, they do provide some interesting information on tumorigenesis of @entity977 : 65% of the @entity6010 are associated with a @entity977 . 74% of @entity1 with these @entity5 suffered hormonal oversecretion of at least one of the pituitary hormones (mostly @entity2124 ). With only one exception, the hypothalamic releasing hormone corresponding to the hormonal oversecretion syndrome could be demonstrated in the @entity6010 immunohistochemically. Ultrastructural studies could demonstrate close cell to cell contacts between @entity652 and gangliocytome cells. All these data support the hypothesis that chronic overstimulation by hypothalamic releasing hormones play a role in the development of hormone secreting @entity977 . However, in contrast to sellar gangliocytemas, extrahypothalamic @entity5 secreting excessive hypothalamic hypophysiotropic hormones have never been associated with a @entity977 . They have only been associated with @entity1373 . Therefore, the hypothesis can be made that hypothalamic releasing hormones only promote but do not initiate tumorigenesis of @entity977 .

title: XXXX of the sellar region--a review.

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['gangliocytoma', 'Gangliocytomas', 'sellar gangliocytomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['slow growing neuronal tumors']

answer: @entity6010 :: (MESH:D005729,Disease) :: ['Gangliocytomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of intensive therapy of @entity6 on the progression to clinical @entity633 in insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 with microalbuminuria. DESIGN: Randomised controlled clinical trial of intensive versus conventional therapy of @entity6 for a median of 5 years (range 2-8). SETTING: Nine hospital based specialist @entity6 centres in England and Wales. SUBJECTS: 70 European insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 aged 17-59 years with microalbuminuria (albumin excretion 30-199 micrograms/min), but without arterial @entity101 , recruited from the nine hospital based specialist @entity6 centres. INTERVENTIONS: Intensive @entity6 therapy was allocated to 36 @entity1 (27 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 ) and conventional @entity6 therapy to 34 (24 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of clinical @entity633 , defined as albumin excretion greater than 200 micrograms/min on at least two consecutive occasions, and rate of change of albumin excretion. RESULTS: Mean glycated haemoglobin concentration, similar at baseline in the two groups (intensive therapy group 10.3% (SEM 1.9%), conventional therapy group 9.8% (1.6%)), fell significantly (by 14%) in the intensive therapy group only. A significant glycaemic separation between the two groups was maintained for up to three years. Progression to clinical @entity633 occurred in six @entity1 in each group. Blood pressure, similar at baseline, fell significantly by 1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval -4.20 to 1.43) per year in the conventional therapy group, but the difference in the rate of blood pressure change between the groups was not significant. Independent of treatment assignment, a mean blood pressure above the group mean (93.6 mm Hg), but not the glycated haemoglobin concentration, predicted progression to clinical @entity633 (relative risk 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 13.0). CONCLUSIONS: Intensive therapy with improved glycaemic control for three years had no impact on the progression of @entity633 in insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 with microalbuminuria. The reduction in blood pressure in the conventional therapy group may have affected outcome--in that arterial blood pressure rather than glycated haemoglobin concentration seemed to be the main predictor of progression from microalbuminuria to clinical @entity633 .

title: Intensive therapy and progression to clinical XXXX in @entity1 with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria Collaborative Study Group, United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of intensive therapy of @entity6 on the progression to clinical @entity633 in insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 with microalbuminuria. DESIGN: Randomised controlled clinical trial of intensive versus conventional therapy of @entity6 for a median of 5 years (range 2-8). SETTING: Nine hospital based specialist @entity6 centres in England and Wales. SUBJECTS: 70 European insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 aged 17-59 years with microalbuminuria (albumin excretion 30-199 micrograms/min), but without arterial @entity101 , recruited from the nine hospital based specialist @entity6 centres. INTERVENTIONS: Intensive @entity6 therapy was allocated to 36 @entity1 (27 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 ) and conventional @entity6 therapy to 34 (24 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Development of clinical @entity633 , defined as albumin excretion greater than 200 micrograms/min on at least two consecutive occasions, and rate of change of albumin excretion. RESULTS: Mean glycated haemoglobin concentration, similar at baseline in the two groups (intensive therapy group 10.3% (SEM 1.9%), conventional therapy group 9.8% (1.6%)), fell significantly (by 14%) in the intensive therapy group only. A significant glycaemic separation between the two groups was maintained for up to three years. Progression to clinical @entity633 occurred in six @entity1 in each group. Blood pressure, similar at baseline, fell significantly by 1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval -4.20 to 1.43) per year in the conventional therapy group, but the difference in the rate of blood pressure change between the groups was not significant. Independent of treatment assignment, a mean blood pressure above the group mean (93.6 mm Hg), but not the glycated haemoglobin concentration, predicted progression to clinical @entity633 (relative risk 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 13.0). CONCLUSIONS: Intensive therapy with improved glycaemic control for three years had no impact on the progression of @entity633 in insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 with microalbuminuria. The reduction in blood pressure in the conventional therapy group may have affected outcome--in that arterial blood pressure rather than glycated haemoglobin concentration seemed to be the main predictor of progression from microalbuminuria to clinical @entity633 .

title: Intensive therapy and progression to clinical @entity633 in XXXX with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria Collaborative Study Group, United Kingdom.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effect of @entity8446 -induced reduction in blood @entity413 to 65 +/- 20 mg/dl (mean +/- standard deviation) on recovery of electrophysiological function and extracellular @entity880 concentration was studied in a @entity95 model of @entity2759 . These results were compared to findings in animals with @entity2759 that either were fasted overnight (fasted group: blood @entity413 97 +/- 26 mg/dl) or had no pretreatment (control group: blood @entity413 172 +/- 65 mg/dl). The aorta was occluded until the postsynaptic waves of the spinal somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP's) had been absent for 20 minutes, a period of @entity63 that produces @entity451 in 100% of untreated @entity95 . The total aortic occlusion time was not significantly different in the three groups. Recovery of the SSEP's was significantly better in the @entity8446 -treated animals than in the fasted or control animals. The N3 wave of the SSEP's, which has been found to correlate best with neurological recovery, returned to 65% +/- 48% of the preischemia amplitude in the @entity8446 -treated animals, compared to 40% +/- 34% in the fasted group and 26% +/- 24% in the control animals. Extracellular @entity880 concentration in the spinal cord increased immediately after occlusion of the aorta, reached a plateau as the postsynaptic waves disappeared from the SSEP's, and then increased a second time during the first 15 minutes of reperfusion. The peak @entity880 concentration during @entity63 and during reperfusion correlated with the preischemia @entity413 concentration (r = 0.60336 and r = 0.76930, respectively). @entity880 concentration in the spinal cord was higher during @entity63 and throughout the first 2 hours of reperfusion in the control and fasted animals than in the @entity8446 -treated animals. During the 2nd hour of reperfusion, @entity880 concentration was significantly higher in the control animals than in the fasted animals. Reduction in blood @entity413 with @entity8446 improves recovery of electrophysiological function after @entity2759 , probably because of reduced @entity880 production, especially during the early reperfusion period.

title: Protection against XXXX with @entity8446 -induced hypoglycemia.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid', 'Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2759 :: (MESH:D020760,Disease) :: ['spinal cord ischemia']


abstract: The effect of @entity8446 -induced reduction in blood @entity413 to 65 +/- 20 mg/dl (mean +/- standard deviation) on recovery of electrophysiological function and extracellular @entity880 concentration was studied in a @entity95 model of @entity2759 . These results were compared to findings in animals with @entity2759 that either were fasted overnight (fasted group: blood @entity413 97 +/- 26 mg/dl) or had no pretreatment (control group: blood @entity413 172 +/- 65 mg/dl). The aorta was occluded until the postsynaptic waves of the spinal somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP's) had been absent for 20 minutes, a period of @entity63 that produces @entity451 in 100% of untreated @entity95 . The total aortic occlusion time was not significantly different in the three groups. Recovery of the SSEP's was significantly better in the @entity8446 -treated animals than in the fasted or control animals. The N3 wave of the SSEP's, which has been found to correlate best with neurological recovery, returned to 65% +/- 48% of the preischemia amplitude in the @entity8446 -treated animals, compared to 40% +/- 34% in the fasted group and 26% +/- 24% in the control animals. Extracellular @entity880 concentration in the spinal cord increased immediately after occlusion of the aorta, reached a plateau as the postsynaptic waves disappeared from the SSEP's, and then increased a second time during the first 15 minutes of reperfusion. The peak @entity880 concentration during @entity63 and during reperfusion correlated with the preischemia @entity413 concentration (r = 0.60336 and r = 0.76930, respectively). @entity880 concentration in the spinal cord was higher during @entity63 and throughout the first 2 hours of reperfusion in the control and fasted animals than in the @entity8446 -treated animals. During the 2nd hour of reperfusion, @entity880 concentration was significantly higher in the control animals than in the fasted animals. Reduction in blood @entity413 with @entity8446 improves recovery of electrophysiological function after @entity2759 , probably because of reduced @entity880 production, especially during the early reperfusion period.

title: Protection against @entity2759 with XXXX -induced hypoglycemia.

answer: @entity8446 :: (100009181(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Three humoral defense activities (antibacterial, bacteriolytic and agglutinating) were detected in the body fluid of the @entity2199 @entity10130 . Gram-positive bacteria ( @entity794 and @entity3881 ) were more sensitive to the antibacterial activity than the Gram-negative bacteria ( @entity526 coli). The antibacterial activity was heat stable and was lost by trypsin digestion. The molecular mass of the factor responsible for antibacterial activity was estimated as 6 kDa. The bacteriolytic activity against dried @entity7178 was also detected. The bacteriolytic factor was 6-9 kDa in molecular mass, heat sensitive and trypsin sensitive. Both @entity526 and @entity3584 -fixed trypsin-treated @entity1 A-type red blood cells were agglutinated in the body fluid. An analytical gel permeation HPLC revealed the agglutinating activity consists of at least two @entity4059 . Activities of both agglutinating @entity4059 were lost by heat treatment or trypsin digestion. The molecular masses estimated for the two agglutinating @entity4059 were 500 kDa and 25 kDa. Under experimental conditions, microbe-injection was not a prerequisite for the appearance of these defense activities.

title: Humoral defense of the XXXX Ascaris suum: antibacterial, bacteriolytic and agglutinating activities in the body fluid.

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Species') :: ['Micrococcus luteus']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematode']


abstract: Characterization of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in a cultured @entity19 Leydig cell line (TM-3) was performed. Radioimmunoassayable @entity7424 and @entity10247 concentrations in TM-3 conditioned media (CM) were below the assay detection levels. Affinity cross-linking of @entity7424 and @entity10247 to crude membranes prepared from TM-3 cells revealed both type 1 and type 2 receptors and a 31 kDa IGF binding protein (IGFBP). Immunoprecipitation of solubilized crude membranes indicated that the 31 kDa protein was membrane associated @entity10250 . Western ligand blots of CM from TM-3 cells demonstrated the presence of 24 and 28 kDa bands as major IGFBPs, and 25, 40, and 44 kDa as minor ones. The 28 kDa band could be invisible after Endoglycosidase-F treatment, suggesting that the 28 kDa IGFBP was a glycosylated form of IGFBP. The 24 kDa and 28 kDa bands were immunoprecipitated with an antibody to @entity10250 . Treatment of TM-3 cells with @entity7424 increased the levels of the 24 kDa @entity10250 , as well as 25, 28, 40, and 44 kDa IGFBPs. @entity7424 treatment also resulted in the appearance of a 29 kDa IGFBP. Neither the 25 nor 29 kDa bands were deglycosylated with Endoglycosidase-F nor immunoprecipitated by antibodies to @entity54850 . On the other hand, @entity10247 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the 24 kDa @entity10250 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Characterization of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) axis in a cultured XXXX Leydig cell line (TM-3).

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: A phase II study of the efficacy and safety of @entity1140 , a new potent immunosuppressant, has been conducted in 49 @entity1 with GVHD after allogeneic BMT. Eighteen @entity1 with acute GVHD and 31 with chronic GVHD entered the study. @entity1140 was administered at an initial dose of 0.05 mg/kg i.v. or 0.15 mg/kg orally twice a day to those whose GVHD had become uncontrollable with @entity205 and/or other immunosuppressants. The response to @entity1140 was evaluated in 13 @entity1 with acute and 26 with chronic GVHD. A marked response was observed in 5 and a good response in 2 of 13 @entity1 with acute GVHD. For those with chronic GVHD, the response was marked in 2 @entity1 , good in 10 and poor in 8. The most common adverse effects were @entity8 (53.1%), followed by @entity390 and @entity391 (30.6%) and a feeding of warmth (18.4%). There was a correlation between @entity8 and whole blood levels of @entity1140 . The dose should be adjusted to keep a trough level between 15 and 25 ng/ml. @entity1140 is promising in the treatment of both @entity4432 , even if it is intractable with other immunosuppressants, and may be most effective if administered early in the course of GVHD.

title: @entity1140 treatment of graft-versus-host disease developing or exacerbating during prophylaxis and therapy with XXXX and/or other immunosuppressants. Japanese @entity1140 BMT Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic GVHD']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: A phase II study of the efficacy and safety of @entity1140 , a new potent immunosuppressant, has been conducted in 49 @entity1 with GVHD after allogeneic BMT. Eighteen @entity1 with acute GVHD and 31 with chronic GVHD entered the study. @entity1140 was administered at an initial dose of 0.05 mg/kg i.v. or 0.15 mg/kg orally twice a day to those whose GVHD had become uncontrollable with @entity205 and/or other immunosuppressants. The response to @entity1140 was evaluated in 13 @entity1 with acute and 26 with chronic GVHD. A marked response was observed in 5 and a good response in 2 of 13 @entity1 with acute GVHD. For those with chronic GVHD, the response was marked in 2 @entity1 , good in 10 and poor in 8. The most common adverse effects were @entity8 (53.1%), followed by @entity390 and @entity391 (30.6%) and a feeding of warmth (18.4%). There was a correlation between @entity8 and whole blood levels of @entity1140 . The dose should be adjusted to keep a trough level between 15 and 25 ng/ml. @entity1140 is promising in the treatment of both @entity4432 , even if it is intractable with other immunosuppressants, and may be most effective if administered early in the course of GVHD.

title: XXXX treatment of graft-versus-host disease developing or exacerbating during prophylaxis and therapy with @entity205 and/or other immunosuppressants. Japanese @entity1140 BMT Study Group.

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK506']


abstract: A phase II study of the efficacy and safety of @entity1140 , a new potent immunosuppressant, has been conducted in 49 @entity1 with GVHD after allogeneic BMT. Eighteen @entity1 with acute GVHD and 31 with chronic GVHD entered the study. @entity1140 was administered at an initial dose of 0.05 mg/kg i.v. or 0.15 mg/kg orally twice a day to those whose GVHD had become uncontrollable with @entity205 and/or other immunosuppressants. The response to @entity1140 was evaluated in 13 @entity1 with acute and 26 with chronic GVHD. A marked response was observed in 5 and a good response in 2 of 13 @entity1 with acute GVHD. For those with chronic GVHD, the response was marked in 2 @entity1 , good in 10 and poor in 8. The most common adverse effects were @entity8 (53.1%), followed by @entity390 and @entity391 (30.6%) and a feeding of warmth (18.4%). There was a correlation between @entity8 and whole blood levels of @entity1140 . The dose should be adjusted to keep a trough level between 15 and 25 ng/ml. @entity1140 is promising in the treatment of both @entity4432 , even if it is intractable with other immunosuppressants, and may be most effective if administered early in the course of GVHD.

title: @entity1140 treatment of graft-versus-host disease developing or exacerbating during prophylaxis and therapy with @entity205 and/or other immunosuppressants. Japanese XXXX BMT Study Group.

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK506']


abstract: We investigated the effects of selective beta 1 adrenoceptor stimulation on @entity26 tension ( @entity4095 ) in the myocardium of anesthetized @entity235 . A beta 1-selective full agonist, @entity73180 (0.01-0.05 microgram/kg, i.v.), caused positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and increased left circumflex blood flow, although it did not change arterial blood pressure. These effects were inhibited by @entity2179 (10 micrograms/kg), but not by @entity10342 (30 micrograms/kg). Under control conditions, subepicardial @entity4095 ( @entity4095 epi) and subendocardial @entity4095 (pO2endo) were approximately 33 and 27 mmHg, respectively. @entity73180 (0.05 microgram/kg) decreased pO2epi in all cases, with a mean decrease of 2.6 +/- 0.5 mmHg, and this was significantly inhibited by @entity2179 . @entity73180 caused an increase (7 out of 10 @entity235 ) or a slight decrease (3 out of 10) in the pO2endo; the mean increment was 2.0 +/- 1.3 mmHg (n = 10). @entity3044 (0.01-0.05 microgram/kg, i.v.) exerted positive inotropic and chronotropic effects that were sensitive to @entity2179 , and a @entity551 effect that was sensitive to @entity10342 . @entity3044 caused an increase in blood flow that was sensitive to @entity10342 . @entity3044 (0.05 microgram/kg) decreased pO2epi in all cases, with a mean decrease of 2.7 +/- 0.5 mmHg, which was significantly inhibited by @entity2179 . @entity3044 caused an increase (5 out of 10) or a slight decrease (5 out of 10) in the pO2endo; the mean increment was 1.1 +/- 1.2 mmHg (n = 10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential effects of selective beta 1-agonist stimulation on epi- and endocardial XXXX tension in anesthetized @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: We investigated the effects of selective beta 1 adrenoceptor stimulation on @entity26 tension ( @entity4095 ) in the myocardium of anesthetized @entity235 . A beta 1-selective full agonist, @entity73180 (0.01-0.05 microgram/kg, i.v.), caused positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, and increased left circumflex blood flow, although it did not change arterial blood pressure. These effects were inhibited by @entity2179 (10 micrograms/kg), but not by @entity10342 (30 micrograms/kg). Under control conditions, subepicardial @entity4095 ( @entity4095 epi) and subendocardial @entity4095 (pO2endo) were approximately 33 and 27 mmHg, respectively. @entity73180 (0.05 microgram/kg) decreased pO2epi in all cases, with a mean decrease of 2.6 +/- 0.5 mmHg, and this was significantly inhibited by @entity2179 . @entity73180 caused an increase (7 out of 10 @entity235 ) or a slight decrease (3 out of 10) in the pO2endo; the mean increment was 2.0 +/- 1.3 mmHg (n = 10). @entity3044 (0.01-0.05 microgram/kg, i.v.) exerted positive inotropic and chronotropic effects that were sensitive to @entity2179 , and a @entity551 effect that was sensitive to @entity10342 . @entity3044 caused an increase in blood flow that was sensitive to @entity10342 . @entity3044 (0.05 microgram/kg) decreased pO2epi in all cases, with a mean decrease of 2.7 +/- 0.5 mmHg, which was significantly inhibited by @entity2179 . @entity3044 caused an increase (5 out of 10) or a slight decrease (5 out of 10) in the pO2endo; the mean increment was 1.1 +/- 1.2 mmHg (n = 10).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential effects of selective beta 1-agonist stimulation on epi- and endocardial @entity26 tension in anesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The neonatal heart is a very useful tool for the study of biochemical pathways and properties of cardiomyocytes and as it has the potential to regenerate for a brief period of time from birth; it is also useful to study cardiac regeneration. However, as the heart matures, this proficiency for regeneration is reduced. This regenerative potential may be influenced by the microenvironment of the heart in the early stages of postnatal development and therefore, cell cultures derived at this stage may contain functional cardiomyocytes and progenitor cells. The aim of this study was to identify key steps in the isolation and culture of such early stage-neonatal @entity19 hearts to allow maximum migration of cardiomyocytes from the explant and their maintenance as functional, long term cultures. Explant cultures of @entity19 ventricles preserved 3-dimensional structure and generated migrating layers of cardiomyocytes that expressed alpha sarcomeric actin which could be further sub-cultured by enzymatic dissociation. Western blotting demonstrated expression of @entity17777 , @entity7006 , alpha sarcomeric actin and @entity16899 proteins after 20 days of explant culture. @entity36664 , @entity7006 , and @entity11404 continued to express in five weeks old explant cultures while the @entity17777 protein was expressed up to two passages during sub-culture. Real time PCR and SQRT PCR also demonstrated gene expression of cardiomyocyte markers in long term cultures. Migrating cells from the explants assembled into contracting spheroids after subculture and expressed the @entity17777 protein. Progenitor markers @entity3844 , @entity3512 , and extracellular proteins, periostin and @entity3111 demonstrated the preservation of cellular heterogeneity in such cultures. Supplementation with @entity701 maintained a cardioprotective environment and reduced the non-myocyte population. This is an optimized and efficient method for the generation of neonatal heart cultures that is not labor intensive and does not require supplementation with cytokines.

title: A simplified protocol for the isolation and culture of cardiomyocytes and progenitor cells from neonatal XXXX ventricles.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We have devised a screen for genes from the @entity375 @entity375 whose expression is affected by cell type or by the mating pheromones. From this screen we identified a gene, @entity40723 , whose pattern of expression revealed interesting regulatory strategies and whose product was required for efficient cell fusion during mating. Transcription of @entity40723 occurred only in a and alpha cells, not in a/alpha cells, where it was repressed by a1 X alpha 2, a regulatory activity present uniquely in a/alpha cells. Transcription of @entity40723 showed an absolute requirement for the products of five STE genes, @entity5679 , @entity5678 , @entity6771 , @entity6770 , and @entity9457 . Since the activators @entity5679 , @entity5678 , and @entity9457 are themselves repressed by a1 X alpha 2, the failure to express @entity40723 in a/alpha cells is probably the result of a cascade of regulatory activities; repression of the activators by a1 X alpha 2 in turn precludes transcription of @entity40723 . In addition to regulation of @entity40723 by cell type, transcription from the locus increased 10-fold or more when a or alpha cells were exposed to the opposing mating pheromone. To investigate the function of the @entity40723 protein, we created @entity40723 null mutants. In @entity40723 X @entity40723 matings, the cells of a mating pair adhered tightly and appeared to form zygotes. However, the zygotes were abnormal. Within the conjugation bridge the contained a partition that prevented nuclear fusion and mixing of organelles. The predicted sequence of the @entity40723 protein (deduced from the @entity40723 DNA sequence) and subcellular fractionation studies with @entity40723 -beta-galactosidase hybrid proteins suggest that @entity40723 is a membrane or secreted protein. Thus, @entity40723 may be located at a position within the cell where it is poised to catalyze cell wall or plasma membrane fusion.

title: Identification and regulation of a gene required for cell fusion during mating of the XXXX @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: We have devised a screen for genes from the @entity375 @entity375 whose expression is affected by cell type or by the mating pheromones. From this screen we identified a gene, @entity40723 , whose pattern of expression revealed interesting regulatory strategies and whose product was required for efficient cell fusion during mating. Transcription of @entity40723 occurred only in a and alpha cells, not in a/alpha cells, where it was repressed by a1 X alpha 2, a regulatory activity present uniquely in a/alpha cells. Transcription of @entity40723 showed an absolute requirement for the products of five STE genes, @entity5679 , @entity5678 , @entity6771 , @entity6770 , and @entity9457 . Since the activators @entity5679 , @entity5678 , and @entity9457 are themselves repressed by a1 X alpha 2, the failure to express @entity40723 in a/alpha cells is probably the result of a cascade of regulatory activities; repression of the activators by a1 X alpha 2 in turn precludes transcription of @entity40723 . In addition to regulation of @entity40723 by cell type, transcription from the locus increased 10-fold or more when a or alpha cells were exposed to the opposing mating pheromone. To investigate the function of the @entity40723 protein, we created @entity40723 null mutants. In @entity40723 X @entity40723 matings, the cells of a mating pair adhered tightly and appeared to form zygotes. However, the zygotes were abnormal. Within the conjugation bridge the contained a partition that prevented nuclear fusion and mixing of organelles. The predicted sequence of the @entity40723 protein (deduced from the @entity40723 DNA sequence) and subcellular fractionation studies with @entity40723 -beta-galactosidase hybrid proteins suggest that @entity40723 is a membrane or secreted protein. Thus, @entity40723 may be located at a position within the cell where it is poised to catalyze cell wall or plasma membrane fusion.

title: Identification and regulation of a gene required for cell fusion during mating of the @entity375 XXXX .

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the predictive value of @entity419 PET/CT imaging for pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and outcome in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive @entity1 (51 years  12.7) with newly diagnosed @entity0 , assessed by PET/CT scan at baseline ( @entity20948 ), after the third course of NACT (PET2) and before surgery (PET3), were included. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the pathologic response assessed by the Sataloff classification: pCR for complete responders (TA and NA or NB) and non-pCR for non-complete responders (not stage A for @entity5 and/or not NA or NB for lymph nodes). In addition to SUVmax measurements, a global breast Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV) was delineated using a semi-automatic segmentation method. Changes of SUVmax and MTV between @entity20948 and PET2 (  SUV1-2;   MTV1-2) and @entity20948 and PET3 (  SUV1-3;   MTV1-3) were measured. RESULTS: Mean SUVmax on @entity20948 , PET2 and PET3 were not statistically different between the 2 pathologic response groups. Using ROC analysis, a 72% cutoff of   SUV1-3 provided the best performance to predict @entity66 with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 61%, 80%, and 65%, respectively. On univariate analysis, the 72% cutoff of   SUV1-3 was the best predictor of Distant Metastasis-Free Survival (P = 0.05). On multivariate analysis, the 72% cutoff   SUV1-3 was an independent predictor of DMFS (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results emphasize the good predictive value of   SUVmax between baseline and before surgery to assess pathologic response and survival in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing NACT.

title: @entity419 PET/CT to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory Breast Cancer', 'IBC']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['inflammatory breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the predictive value of @entity419 PET/CT imaging for pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and outcome in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive @entity1 (51 years  12.7) with newly diagnosed @entity0 , assessed by PET/CT scan at baseline ( @entity20948 ), after the third course of NACT (PET2) and before surgery (PET3), were included. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the pathologic response assessed by the Sataloff classification: pCR for complete responders (TA and NA or NB) and non-pCR for non-complete responders (not stage A for @entity5 and/or not NA or NB for lymph nodes). In addition to SUVmax measurements, a global breast Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV) was delineated using a semi-automatic segmentation method. Changes of SUVmax and MTV between @entity20948 and PET2 (  SUV1-2;   MTV1-2) and @entity20948 and PET3 (  SUV1-3;   MTV1-3) were measured. RESULTS: Mean SUVmax on @entity20948 , PET2 and PET3 were not statistically different between the 2 pathologic response groups. Using ROC analysis, a 72% cutoff of   SUV1-3 provided the best performance to predict @entity66 with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 61%, 80%, and 65%, respectively. On univariate analysis, the 72% cutoff of   SUV1-3 was the best predictor of Distant Metastasis-Free Survival (P = 0.05). On multivariate analysis, the 72% cutoff   SUV1-3 was an independent predictor of DMFS (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our results emphasize the good predictive value of   SUVmax between baseline and before surgery to assess pathologic response and survival in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing NACT.

title: XXXX PET/CT to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis in @entity0 .

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: A @entity1 spends about one-third of her life in her postmenopausal years. Some @entity1 supplement this period of decreased @entity172 production with @entity172 replacement therapy (ERT). Many epidemiologic studies have examined the long-term effect of postmenopausal @entity172 deprivation and of ERT. Since the 1970s, we have evaluated the risks and benefits of ERT in one population of older @entity1 in the California retirement community of Leisure World. ERT is the most effective method for preventing @entity604 and @entity174 in postmenopausal @entity1 . In Leisure World, ERT reduced the risk of @entity173 by about 50%. The effect is greatest in longterm users, but may be lost after discontinuation. @entity170 affects the bones of the jaws as well as other skeletal bones. @entity604 in the jaws may result in @entity2524 . In Leisure World, @entity172 users have retained more natural teeth than nonusers. @entity65 is the leading cause of hospitalization and @entity204 in @entity1 . In Leisure World, ERT reduced the risk of fatal and nonfatal @entity583 , @entity741 , other @entity299 , and @entity64 by 20-40%. The reduction is greatest in long-term and/or current users. ERT is effective in @entity1 with and without @entity65 risk factors. One of the most feared aspects of aging is @entity195 . In Leisure World, @entity1 who had used ERT had a reduced risk of @entity195 . Risk decreased with increasing duration of use. @entity172 use, however, is not without risk. Unopposed @entity172 increases risk of @entity1204 . Risk increases with increasing years of use and remains high after discontinuation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The risks and benefits of XXXX replacement therapy: Leisure World.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss', 'osteoporotic bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Postmenopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the influence of reconstruction algorithms for positron emission tomography (PET) based volume quantification. The specifically detected activity in the threshold defined volume was investigated for different reconstruction algorithms as a function of volume size and signal to background ratio (SBR), especially for volumes smaller than 1ml. Special attention was given to the @entity5377 specific iterative reconstruction algorithm TrueX. METHODS: Measurements were performed with a modified in-house produced IEC body phantom on a @entity5377 Biograph 64 True Point PET/CT scanner ( @entity5377 , Medical Systems) for six different SBRs (2.1, 3.8, 4.9, 6.7, 8.9, 9.4 and without active background (BG)). The phantom consisted of a water-filled cavity with built-in plastic spheres (0.27, 0.52, 1.15, 2.57, 5.58 and 11.49ml). The following reconstruction algorithms available on the @entity5377 Syngo workstation were evaluated: Iterative OSEM (OSEM) (4 iterations, 21 subsets), iterative TrueX (TrueX) (4 iterations, 21 subsets) and filtered backprojection (FBP). For the threshold based @entity1347 the software @entity26096 (ABX, Dresden) was used. RESULTS: For spheres larger than 2.5ml a constant threshold (standard deviation (SD) 10%) level was found for a given SBR and reconstruction algorithm and therefore a mean threshold for the largest three spheres was calculated. This threshold could be approximated by a function inversely proportional to the SBR. The threshold decreased with increasing SBR for all sphere sizes. For the OSEM algorithm the threshold for small spheres with 0.27, 0.52 and 1.15ml varied between 17% and 44% (depending on sphere size). The threshold for the TrueX algorithm was substantially lower (up to 17%) than for the OSEM algorithm for all sphere sizes. The maximum activity in a specific volume yielded the true activity for the OSEM algorithm when using a SBR independent correction factor C, which depended on sphere size. For the largest three volumes a constant factor C=1.10  0.03 was found. For smaller volumes, C increased exponentially due to the partial volume effect. For the TrueX algorithm the maximum activity overestimated the true activity. CONCLUSION: The threshold values for PET based target @entity1347 increased with increasing sphere size for all tested algorithms. True activity values of spheres in the phantom could be extracted using experimentally determined correction factors C. The TrueX algorithm has to be used carefully for quantitative comparison (e.g. follow-up) and multicenter studies.

title: PET based XXXX with emphasis on the iterative TrueX algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['volume segmentation']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['volume segmentation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity991 results in elevated but fluctuating serum alkaline phosphatase levels that occasionally return to normal. AIMS: To investigate the frequency of normalization of alkaline phosphatase in newly diagnosed @entity991 @entity1 and the subsequent clinical outcomes. METHODS: Records of newly diagnosed @entity991 @entity1 were examined retrospectively for laboratory values and clinical end points ( @entity201 , @entity409 ) within 10 years of diagnosis. Data from a recent prospective @entity10055 treatment trial were also studied. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Normalization of alkaline phosphatase was seen in 35 (40%) @entity1 . Five (14%) @entity1 with normalization reached an end point whereas 17 (33%) of the @entity1 with persistent elevation reached an end point (P = 0.02). @entity10055 was used similarly by both groups. When the investigative criteria were applied to a prospective trial, there was again a significant relationship between normalization of alkaline phosphatase and survival in @entity1 receiving @entity10055 (P < 0.01) and the placebo group (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Serum alkaline phosphatase was found to normalize in a high proportion of newly diagnosed @entity991 @entity1 . This was significantly associated with a better prognosis in a retrospective cohort and when data from a prospective treatment trial was evaluated.

title: Alkaline phosphatase normalization is associated with better prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis', 'Primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver transplantation and death']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['Ursodeoxycholic acid', 'ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: AIMS: Mechanical left ventricular (LV) unloading may reduce @entity1188 size when combined with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The Impella LP2.5 is a novel percutaneous left ventricular assist device. Although the short-term safety and feasibility of this device have been demonstrated, the long-term effects are unknown. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the long-term effects of the Impella LP2.5 support on the aortic valve and @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: In 2006, 10 @entity1 with anterior @entity583 received 3-day support with the Impella LP2.5 after PCI. The control group consisted of 10 comparable @entity1 , treated according to routine care. For the current study, echocardiography was performed and adverse events were recorded. Mean duration of follow-up was 2.9  0.6 years in the Impella group and 3.0  0.3 years in the control group. No differences in @entity886 and @entity1002 were demonstrated between the groups; nevertheless, @entity1002 increase from baseline was significantly greater in Impella-treated @entity1 (23.6  8.9% versus 6.7  7.0%, P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Three-day support with the Impella LP2.5 is not associated with adverse effects on the aortic valve at long-term follow-up. @entity1002 was similar in both groups; however, recovery was significantly greater in the Impella group.

title: Long-term safety and sustained left ventricular recovery: long-term results of percutaneous left ventricular support with Impella LP2.5 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cleaved @entity13474 (HKa), an activation product of the plasma @entity7199 -kinin system, inhibits endothelial cell functions. We questioned whether HKa affects the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and accelerates their senescence. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment with HKa for 2 weeks markedly inhibited the formation of large colonies and proliferation of EPCs on collagen surfaces, whereas HKa did not affect collagen-mediated EPC adhesion and survival. Concomitantly, treated EPCs displayed flattened and giant cell morphological changes and formation of intracellular vacuoles. As determined by acidic b-galactosidase staining, HKa increased senescent EPCs by 2- and >3-fold after culture for 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. In addition, HKa suppressed the telomerase activity of EPCs. HKa concentration-dependently increased the generation of intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and markedly upregulated @entity1435 kinase phosphorylation and prosenescence molecule @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression. @entity1441 , a @entity1435 inhibitor, attenuated the level of HKa-enhanced @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression. Either quenching of ROS or inhibition of @entity1435 kinase prevented HKa-induced EPC senescence. CONCLUSIONS: HKa accelerates the onset of EPC senescence by activating the ROS- @entity1435 kinase- @entity986 ( @entity986 ) signaling cascade. This novel activity of HKa points out the likelihood of HKa serving as an endogenous inducer of EPC senescence.

title: Cleaved XXXX accelerates the onset of endothelial progenitor cell senescence by induction of reactive @entity26 species.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikrein']

entities_list: @entity13474 :: ('3827', 'Gene') :: ['high-molecular-weight kininogen']

answer: @entity13474 :: (3827,Gene) :: ['high-molecular-weight kininogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cleaved @entity13474 (HKa), an activation product of the plasma @entity7199 -kinin system, inhibits endothelial cell functions. We questioned whether HKa affects the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and accelerates their senescence. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment with HKa for 2 weeks markedly inhibited the formation of large colonies and proliferation of EPCs on collagen surfaces, whereas HKa did not affect collagen-mediated EPC adhesion and survival. Concomitantly, treated EPCs displayed flattened and giant cell morphological changes and formation of intracellular vacuoles. As determined by acidic b-galactosidase staining, HKa increased senescent EPCs by 2- and >3-fold after culture for 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. In addition, HKa suppressed the telomerase activity of EPCs. HKa concentration-dependently increased the generation of intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and markedly upregulated @entity1435 kinase phosphorylation and prosenescence molecule @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression. @entity1441 , a @entity1435 inhibitor, attenuated the level of HKa-enhanced @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression. Either quenching of ROS or inhibition of @entity1435 kinase prevented HKa-induced EPC senescence. CONCLUSIONS: HKa accelerates the onset of EPC senescence by activating the ROS- @entity1435 kinase- @entity986 ( @entity986 ) signaling cascade. This novel activity of HKa points out the likelihood of HKa serving as an endogenous inducer of EPC senescence.

title: Cleaved @entity13474 accelerates the onset of endothelial progenitor cell senescence by induction of reactive XXXX species.

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Definitive diagnosis of a @entity281 usually requires recovery of an etiologic agent from body fluids or tissues such as spinal fluid, blood and urine. Routine lumbar puncture (LP) may raise some problems in interpreting results. POPULATION AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 1331 samples of CSF was made. LP had been performed on 1041 neonates including 569 prematures (54.6%) as a part of the evaluation for suspected @entity2348 . RESULTS: In 50.7% of the cases, the CSF was @entity548 . The frequency of traumatic taps increased with the degree of @entity3465 , low birth weight, precocity of LP, association with @entity649 and @entity3459 factors. In addition, haemorragic taps modified biochemical and cytologic characteristics of CSF. One hundred and six (8%) CSF samples contained organisms but the diagnosis of @entity693 was certain in only 23 cases (2.2%). In the other 83 cases, CSF was thought to be contaminated, mostly by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Since both blood and CSF cultures were positive for the same bacterial organism in 18 cases, it was concluded that the LP had been useful in identifying the pathogens in only five cases. The high frequency of contaminated CSF led to overestimation of the incidence of true @entity4008 (0.57% in our study). CONCLUSIONS: The low incidence of @entity693 in neonates, the risk of having an haemorragic tap associated with the possibility of clinical aggravation during LP and the fact that the same pathogen is frequently (78.2% of cases) identified in blood cultures suggest that the immediate and routine LP is of less value than expected in @entity1 suspected to be infected. LP could be postponed when the neonate presents with a @entity649 and/or a precarious haemodynamic state.

title: [Retrospective analysis of 1331 samples of cerebrospinal fluid in newborn XXXX with suspected infection].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of coagulating']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: One in four @entity1 with primary iliofemoral @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) develops @entity715 ( @entity715 ) within 1 year despite optimal standard anticoagulant therapy. Removal of @entity715 by thrombolytic drugs may prevent @entity715 . The aim of this study was to assess the short-term safety and efficacy of ultrasound-accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis (US-accelerated @entity10067 ). DESIGN: This was a prospective non-randomised interventional study with US-accelerated @entity10067 for @entity1150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twelve @entity1 with @entity1150 (seven caval-iliofemoropopliteal, three iliofemoropopliteal, one femoropopliteal and one superior @entity715 ) receiving standard anticoagulant and compression therapy, were treated with additional US-accelerated @entity10067 (13 procedures) using the EKOS Endowave(  ) system (EKOS Corporation, Bothell, WA, USA) between October 2008 and January 2010. RESULTS: Thrombolysis was successful in 85% (11/13), with complete clot lysis (>90% restored patency) and in one case with partial clot lysis (50-90% restored patency). No @entity1151 and one bleeding at the catheter-insertion site were observed. In three @entity1 , underlying lesions were successfully treated with balloon angioplasty and stent insertion. Four @entity1 developed early recurrent @entity715 due to untreated residual @entity432 . CONCLUSION: US-accelerated @entity10067 is a safe and promising treatment in @entity1 with @entity1150 . Residual @entity432 should be treated by angioplasty and stent insertion to avoid early re- @entity715 .

title: Safety and feasibility of ultrasound-accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['post-thrombotic syndrome', 'PTS', 'thrombus', 'caval vein thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: It is well documented that acute stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the @entity774 . Results regarding the hypothalamus @entity444 , in contrast, are less consistent. Stress-associated increases as well as decreases have been reported for @entity251 and @entity53 . In the present study, healthy young male (n=39) and female @entity1 (n=44, all tested in the luteal phase) were randomly assigned to a well-evaluated psychosocial stress protocol (" @entity6100 ", @entity6100 ) or to a non-stressful control condition ("Placebo- @entity6100 "). Salivary concentrations of @entity701 , alpha-amylase, @entity251 , @entity1420 , and @entity53 were measured immediately before and twice (10 and 25 min) after the treatment. As was to be expected, @entity701 - and @entity5475 -concentrations increased in response to the stressor. Stressed @entity1 showed a more pronounced increase of @entity701 than stressed @entity1 . In contrast, acute stress did not affect @entity251 -, @entity1420 -, and @entity53 -concentrations. The results of the present study suggest that an acute psychosocial laboratory stress or has no strong rapid effects on salivary gonadal @entity230 . In line with several previous studies the findings might suggest that stress-induced changes in gonadal steroids occur in response to physical stressors, to competitive stressors or to more severe stressors only.

title: Are salivary gonadal steroid concentrations influenced by acute psychosocial stress? A study using the @entity6100 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men', 'women']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['TSST', 'Trier Social Stress Test']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis']

answer: @entity6100 :: (OMIM:300082,Disease) :: ['TSST']


abstract: It is well documented that acute stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the @entity774 . Results regarding the hypothalamus @entity444 , in contrast, are less consistent. Stress-associated increases as well as decreases have been reported for @entity251 and @entity53 . In the present study, healthy young male (n=39) and female @entity1 (n=44, all tested in the luteal phase) were randomly assigned to a well-evaluated psychosocial stress protocol (" @entity6100 ", @entity6100 ) or to a non-stressful control condition ("Placebo- @entity6100 "). Salivary concentrations of @entity701 , alpha-amylase, @entity251 , @entity1420 , and @entity53 were measured immediately before and twice (10 and 25 min) after the treatment. As was to be expected, @entity701 - and @entity5475 -concentrations increased in response to the stressor. Stressed @entity1 showed a more pronounced increase of @entity701 than stressed @entity1 . In contrast, acute stress did not affect @entity251 -, @entity1420 -, and @entity53 -concentrations. The results of the present study suggest that an acute psychosocial laboratory stress or has no strong rapid effects on salivary gonadal @entity230 . In line with several previous studies the findings might suggest that stress-induced changes in gonadal steroids occur in response to physical stressors, to competitive stressors or to more severe stressors only.

title: Are salivary gonadal steroid concentrations influenced by acute psychosocial stress? A study using the XXXX ( @entity6100 ).

answer: @entity6100 :: (OMIM:300082,Disease) :: ['Trier Social Stress Test']


abstract: @entity209 ( @entity209 ) definitions predict cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) as well as subjects without @entity6 . It has been shown that @entity755 ( @entity755 ) and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 are associated with @entity729 in @entity6 . However, the relative value of @entity209 , @entity755 lipoproteins, and estimates of @entity2690 resistance is unknown in predicting @entity731 in @entity6 . Cross-sectional analyses of white subjects in 2 community-based studies were performed (n = 611 @entity1 with @entity6 , n = 803 subjects without @entity6 ) using multivariate analysis of traditional risk factors and then adding @entity209 , @entity755 , and homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA-IR). Incremental value was tested using likelihood ratio testing. Beyond traditional risk, HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.86, p = 0.002), @entity755 (tobit regression ratio 1.55, p = 0.001), and @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 2.37, p = 0.007) were independently associated with @entity729 in @entity6 . In nested models, HOMA-IR added value to @entity755 (tobit regression ratio 1.72, p = 0.008), @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 1.72, p = 0.011), and @entity755 and @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 1.64, p = 0.021). @entity755 showed a similar pattern when added to HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.51, p = 0.004), @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 1.46, p = 0.005), and HOMA-IR and @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 1.48, p = 0.006). @entity209 added to @entity755 (tobit regression ratio 1.99, p = 0.032) but not HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.54, p = 0.221) or @entity755 and HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.32, p = 0.434). In conclusion, @entity2690 resistance estimates add value to @entity209 and @entity755 in predicting @entity729 scores in @entity6 and warrant further evaluation in clinic for identification of @entity1 with @entity6 at higher risk for @entity65 .

title: Usefulness of @entity2690 resistance estimation and the XXXX in predicting @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apoB', 'ApoB', 'apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: @entity209 ( @entity209 ) definitions predict cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) as well as subjects without @entity6 . It has been shown that @entity755 ( @entity755 ) and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 are associated with @entity729 in @entity6 . However, the relative value of @entity209 , @entity755 lipoproteins, and estimates of @entity2690 resistance is unknown in predicting @entity731 in @entity6 . Cross-sectional analyses of white subjects in 2 community-based studies were performed (n = 611 @entity1 with @entity6 , n = 803 subjects without @entity6 ) using multivariate analysis of traditional risk factors and then adding @entity209 , @entity755 , and homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA-IR). Incremental value was tested using likelihood ratio testing. Beyond traditional risk, HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.86, p = 0.002), @entity755 (tobit regression ratio 1.55, p = 0.001), and @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 2.37, p = 0.007) were independently associated with @entity729 in @entity6 . In nested models, HOMA-IR added value to @entity755 (tobit regression ratio 1.72, p = 0.008), @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 1.72, p = 0.011), and @entity755 and @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 1.64, p = 0.021). @entity755 showed a similar pattern when added to HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.51, p = 0.004), @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 1.46, p = 0.005), and HOMA-IR and @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 1.48, p = 0.006). @entity209 added to @entity755 (tobit regression ratio 1.99, p = 0.032) but not HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.54, p = 0.221) or @entity755 and HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.32, p = 0.434). In conclusion, @entity2690 resistance estimates add value to @entity209 and @entity755 in predicting @entity729 scores in @entity6 and warrant further evaluation in clinic for identification of @entity1 with @entity6 at higher risk for @entity65 .

title: Usefulness of @entity2690 resistance estimation and the @entity209 in predicting XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity209 ( @entity209 ) definitions predict cardiovascular events beyond traditional risk factors in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) as well as subjects without @entity6 . It has been shown that @entity755 ( @entity755 ) and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity165 are associated with @entity729 in @entity6 . However, the relative value of @entity209 , @entity755 lipoproteins, and estimates of @entity2690 resistance is unknown in predicting @entity731 in @entity6 . Cross-sectional analyses of white subjects in 2 community-based studies were performed (n = 611 @entity1 with @entity6 , n = 803 subjects without @entity6 ) using multivariate analysis of traditional risk factors and then adding @entity209 , @entity755 , and homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA-IR). Incremental value was tested using likelihood ratio testing. Beyond traditional risk, HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.86, p = 0.002), @entity755 (tobit regression ratio 1.55, p = 0.001), and @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 2.37, p = 0.007) were independently associated with @entity729 in @entity6 . In nested models, HOMA-IR added value to @entity755 (tobit regression ratio 1.72, p = 0.008), @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 1.72, p = 0.011), and @entity755 and @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 1.64, p = 0.021). @entity755 showed a similar pattern when added to HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.51, p = 0.004), @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 1.46, p = 0.005), and HOMA-IR and @entity209 (tobit regression ratio 1.48, p = 0.006). @entity209 added to @entity755 (tobit regression ratio 1.99, p = 0.032) but not HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.54, p = 0.221) or @entity755 and HOMA-IR (tobit regression ratio 1.32, p = 0.434). In conclusion, @entity2690 resistance estimates add value to @entity209 and @entity755 in predicting @entity729 scores in @entity6 and warrant further evaluation in clinic for identification of @entity1 with @entity6 at higher risk for @entity65 .

title: Usefulness of XXXX resistance estimation and the @entity209 in predicting @entity6 .

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: During heat stress, increases in blood flow in nonglabrous skin in @entity1 are mediated through active vasodilation by an unknown neurotransmitter mechanism. To investigate this mechanism, a three-part study was performed to determine the following: (1) Is muscarinic receptor activation necessary for active cutaneous vasodilation? We iontophoretically applied @entity3897 to a small area of forearm skin. At that site and an untreated control site, we measured the vasomotor (laser-Doppler blood flow [LDF]) and sudomotor (relative humidity) responses to whole-body heat stress. Blood pressure was monitored. @entity455 ( @entity455 ) was calculated (LDF divided by mean arterial pressure). Sweating was blocked at treated sites only. @entity455 rose at both sites (P < .05 at each site); thus, cutaneous active vasodilation is not effected through muscarinic receptors. (2) Are nonmuscarinic cholinergic receptors present on cutaneous arterioles? @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) was iontophoretically applied to forearm skin at sites pretreated by @entity3897 iontophoresis and at untreated sites. @entity1617 increased @entity455 at untreated sites (P < .05) but not at atropinized sites. Thus, the only functional cholinergic receptors on cutaneous vessels are muscarinic. (3) Does cutaneous active vasodilation involve cholinergic nerve cotransmission? Botulinum toxin was injected intradermally in the forearm to block release of @entity1617 and any coreleased neurotransmitters. Heat stress was performed as in part 1 of the study. At treated sites, @entity455 and relative humidity remained at baseline levels during heat stress (P > .05). Active vasodilator and sudomotor responses to heat stress were abolished by botulinum toxin. We conclude that cholinergic nerve activation mediates cutaneous active vasodilation through release of an unknown cotransmitter, not through @entity1617 .

title: Cutaneous active vasodilation in XXXX is mediated by cholinergic nerve cotransmission.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['CVC', 'Cutaneous vascular conductance']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the origin of fundus autofluorescence (AF) patterns in @entity989 ( @entity989 ). DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 30 consecutive eyes of 30 @entity1 with primary @entity989 using AF and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). We measured the AF using the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph with a 488-nm excitation light and a 500-nm cutoff barrier filter and compared the AF patterns with ophthalmoscopy and SD-OCT. RESULTS: We observed a patchy increased AF in the macular area in 22 eyes (73%), in which the length of the photoreceptor outer segment at the central fovea tended to be longer than the other eyes (P=.06). The punctate increased AF corresponded to the ophthalmoscopic precipitates in 17 eyes with precipitates. AF significantly (P=.017) decreased in eyes with a @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ). Eight eyes (27%) had increased AF in the inferior @entity1713 . CONCLUSIONS: The patchy increased AF appears to originate from elongated photoreceptor outer segments in the @entity11471 . The autofluorescent fluorophores from the photoreceptor outer segments may be concentrated in precipitates or have settled into the inferior @entity1713 .

title: Fundus autofluorescence of elongated photoreceptor outer segments in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11471 :: ('MESH:C565633', 'Disease') :: ['detached retina']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['prominent serous retinal detachment', 'SRD']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy', 'CSC']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy']