abstract: INTRODUCTION: Evidence based psychotherapies (EBPs) remain underutilized. Models for @entity32799 training and implementation that are cost-effective, minimally disruptive, and sufficiently flexible are needed. Internet-based technology is a promising platform, but questions remain about how this technology can address the barriers to implementation. We developed and examined the implementation of an online training for the Building Recovery by Improving Goals, Habits, and Thoughts (BRIGHT) intervention-a manualized, sixteen-session group @entity308 treatment for individuals with @entity734 ( @entity734 ). We explored the feasibility of replacing in- @entity1 BRIGHT training with a self-paced, online training. METHODS: A highly partnered and iterative process was followed to translate the written BRIGHT manual and associated didactic training materials into a media rich, interactive, and detailed (12-16h) online training. Subsequently, 8 volunteer counselors across 7 Veterans' Affairs SUD programs completed the training. Semi-structured interviews focused on the counselors' experiences and their plans for implementing BRIGHT groups. A template approach, using a mixture of deductive and inductive coding, was used for data analyses. FINDINGS: The most important barrier to completing training was a lack of protected time. Most counselors were not afforded protected time and reported a sometimes frustrating and fragmented training experience. Many used personal time at work and at home to complete the work. Facilitators to completing the training included positive reactions/attitudes towards the training modules, supervisor support, counselor dedication, and strong beliefs supporting providing services for @entity308 . Many counselors were also concerned about the feasibility of fitting 16 group sessions (2h each) into their program's clinical schedule, but many had devised potential solutions or "work-arounds" to accommodate or approximate the recommended treatment course (e.g., using lunch times, reducing some content/exercises). CONCLUSION: This work contributes to the literature on implementation of complex EBPs and addresses the strengths and limitations of web-based technologies in supporting the implementation of EBPs.

title: Training Substance Use Disorder Counselors in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for XXXX : Development and Initial Exploration of an Online Training Program.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['SUDs', 'substance use disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2021 ( @entity2021 ) is an acute, potentially life-threatening @entity56 . There are limited population-based data on changes in the hospitalization rate and prognosis of @entity2021 . OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine the proportion of @entity1 with @entity2021 admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), the prognosis of @entity2021 , and time trends in @entity2021 hospitalization rates in Denmark from 1995 through 2012. METHODS: We performed a population-based cohort study in Denmark from 1995 through 2012 (cumulative population, 7.1 million) using the Danish National @entity1 Registry and the Danish Civil Registration System. Outcomes included time trends in first-time @entity2021 hospitalization rates, percentage admitted to an ICU, and 30-day mortality overall and stratified by year. RESULTS: We included 6,707 @entity1 with a first-time hospitalization for @entity2021 during 103,747,997 @entity1 -years of observation time. The average @entity2021 hospitalization rate was 64.6 (95% CI, 63.1-66.2) per 1,000,000 @entity1 -years. From 1995 to 2012, the annual @entity2021 hospitalization rate increased more than 2-fold (rate ratio, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.2-3.0). However, the annual hospitalization rate in @entity1 increased 10-fold (rate ratio, 10.75; 95% CI, 5.59-20.67). Only 0.7% of @entity1 died within 30  days after admission (50 deaths), and most fatal @entity2021 cases occurred among @entity1 aged 30  years or older. During the 2005-2012 period, 14.5% of @entity1 hospitalized with @entity2021 were admitted to an ICU. CONCLUSION: The @entity2021 hospitalization rate increased from 1995 to 2012; however, the 30-day mortality was less than 1%.

title: Hospitalization rates and prognosis of XXXX with anaphylactic shock in Denmark from 1995 through 2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['Anaphylactic shock', 'AS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An investigation of gill monogeneans from the @entity6373 @entity6373 and the blue spotted tilapia @entity6373 leucostictus (50 individuals per species) was done between the months of November 2014 to February 2015 in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Standard parasitological procedures were used to examine fish gills for the presence of monogeneans. The observed monogeneans were collected, preliminarily identified using identification keys, quantified and fixed in 4  % @entity406 for morphological studies and absolute @entity1068 for molecular studies. Four parasite species comprising of three species of the genus Cichlidogyrus and one species of the genus Scutogyrus were recovered. Cichlidogyrus sclerosus and Cichlidogyrus tilapiae infested both fish species but the C. sclerosus was most prevalent in O. leucostictus (Prevalence (P)   =   100  %, @entity1213 ( @entity1213 )   =   3.4) and C. tilapiae in @entity6373 (P   =   8  %, @entity1213   =   4). Cichlidogyrus tilapiae had a P   =   12  % and @entity1213   =   5.0 and a P   =   6  % and @entity1213   =   3.0 in @entity6373 and O. leucostictus, respectively. Cichlidogyrus halli (P   =   4  %, @entity1213   =   15.5) and Scutogyrus gravivaginus (P   =   2  %, @entity1213   =   1.0) were only found in O. leucostictus. This is the first time that these monogeneans have been identified from Lake Naivasha, Kenya, presenting new geographical records. It was concluded that Ancyrocephalids (Cichilidogyrus spp.) dominated the two cichlid fish species in Lake Naivasha, Kenya.

title: Gill monogeneans of XXXX ) and @entity6373 leucostictus (Trewavas, 1933) in Lake Naivasha, Kenya.

entities_list: @entity6373 :: ('8128', 'Species') :: ['O. niloticus', 'Oreochromis niloticus', 'Nile tilapia', 'Oreochromis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['Mean intensity', 'MI']

answer: @entity6373 :: (8128,Species) :: ['Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An investigation of gill monogeneans from the @entity6373 @entity6373 and the blue spotted tilapia @entity6373 leucostictus (50 individuals per species) was done between the months of November 2014 to February 2015 in Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Standard parasitological procedures were used to examine fish gills for the presence of monogeneans. The observed monogeneans were collected, preliminarily identified using identification keys, quantified and fixed in 4  % @entity406 for morphological studies and absolute @entity1068 for molecular studies. Four parasite species comprising of three species of the genus Cichlidogyrus and one species of the genus Scutogyrus were recovered. Cichlidogyrus sclerosus and Cichlidogyrus tilapiae infested both fish species but the C. sclerosus was most prevalent in O. leucostictus (Prevalence (P)   =   100  %, @entity1213 ( @entity1213 )   =   3.4) and C. tilapiae in @entity6373 (P   =   8  %, @entity1213   =   4). Cichlidogyrus tilapiae had a P   =   12  % and @entity1213   =   5.0 and a P   =   6  % and @entity1213   =   3.0 in @entity6373 and O. leucostictus, respectively. Cichlidogyrus halli (P   =   4  %, @entity1213   =   15.5) and Scutogyrus gravivaginus (P   =   2  %, @entity1213   =   1.0) were only found in O. leucostictus. This is the first time that these monogeneans have been identified from Lake Naivasha, Kenya, presenting new geographical records. It was concluded that Ancyrocephalids (Cichilidogyrus spp.) dominated the two cichlid fish species in Lake Naivasha, Kenya.

title: Gill monogeneans of @entity6373 ) and XXXX leucostictus (Trewavas, 1933) in Lake Naivasha, Kenya.

answer: @entity6373 :: (8128,Species) :: ['Oreochromis']


abstract: The use of insulin pump in @entity6 is likely to increase with recent advances in technology. Although the evidence for the superiority of pumps over @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) is inconsistent, data from accumulating uncontrolled studies indicate greater reductions in glycated haemoglobin in @entity1 switching to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) from @entity2794 therapy. Due to the variability in insulin requirements and sensitivity to CSII pumps, hyperglycaemia in these @entity1 is managed by endocrinologists using individualised therapy. A panel of experts reviewed the existing guidelines and framed recommendations specific to the clinical practice in Indian conditions for use of CSII pumps in the management of hyperglycaemia. Selection of right @entity1 with basic education, motivation and learning skills are essential for successful implementation of CSII therapy with sophisticated programmes. Rapid acting insulin analogues with better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, physical and chemical stability and compatibility with most commercially available insulin pumps are preferred over regular insulin to achieve safe and stable glycaemic control. Further, educating pump users on proper use of CSII pumps, insulin dose adjustments, and handling of accessories are recommended in the current consensus guidelines. Practice of self-monitoring of blood @entity413 and glycated haemoglobin levels are essential to adjust insulin dosage for the management of @entity6 . Use of CSII pumps in special @entity1 populations should be carefully assessed and initiated by endocrinologist. The proposed guidelines can form a basis for use of CSII pumps in the management of hyperglycaemia in the Indian scenario.

title: Consensus evidence-based guidelines for use of insulin pump therapy in the management of XXXX as per Indian clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'multiple daily injections']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical function and strength decline with age and lead to limited mobility and independence in older adults. Alterations in mitochondrial function are thought to underlie numerous age-related changes, including declining physical ability. Recent studies suggest that systemic changes in bioenergetic capacity may be reported by analyzing mitochondrial function in circulating cells. The objective of this study was to determine whether the bioenergetic capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is related to differences in physical function among older, overweight/ @entity28 , adults. To address this, we tested the hypothesis that greater PBMC respirometric capacity would be associated with better physical function, muscular strength, leg lean mass, and @entity121 . Furthermore, we tested whether the respirometric capacity of PBMCs is related to cellular composition and inflammatory status reported by @entity650 ( @entity650 ). METHODS: Fasted PBMC respiration (pmol/min/500,000 cells), expanded short physical performance battery (Ex-SPPB), peak knee extensor (KE) strength (Nm), grip strength (kg), leg lean mass (kg, via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA]), @entity121 (Nm/kg), and plasma @entity650 (pg/mL) were analyzed in 15 well-functioning, community-dwelling, sedentary overweight/ @entity28 older @entity1 (n=9) and @entity1 (n=6) aged 65 to 78 (mean 68.3  3.5years). Pearson and partial correlations were calculated to determine associations between PBMC respiration and these variables. RESULTS: Higher maximal respiration of PBMCs was associated with better Ex-SPPB (r=0.58, p=0.02), greater KE strength (r=0.60, p=0.02), greater grip strength (r=0.52, p=0.05) and lower @entity650 (r=-0.58, p=0.04). Higher spare respiratory capacity was associated with better Ex-SPPB (r=0.59, p=0.02), greater KE strength (r=0.60, p=0.02), greater grip strength (r=0.54, p=0.04), greater leg @entity121 (r=0.56, p=0.04), and lower @entity650 (r=-0.55, p=0.05). Monocyte and lymphocyte counts were not related to PBMC respiratory capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that respirometric profiles of readily obtainable blood cells are associated with physical function and strength. Future studies should be undertaken in order to determine whether blood-based bioenergetic profiling can provide an objective index of systemic mitochondrial health.

title: Blood-cell bioenergetics are associated with physical function and inflammation in overweight/ XXXX older adults.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle quality']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetically determined @entity717 ( @entity717 ) is an intractable condition that involves severe impairment of mental abilities such as learning, reasoning and predicting the future. As of today, little is known about the placebo response in @entity1 with @entity717 . OBJECTIVE: To determine if placebo response exists in @entity1 with genetically determined @entity717 . DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: We searched Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL and PsycINFO to find all placebo-controlled double-blind @entity922 ( @entity922 ) in @entity1 with genetically determined @entity717 , published up to April 2013, focusing on core @entity717 symptoms. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two investigators extracted outcome data independently. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Bias-corrected standardized mean difference (Hedge's g) was computed for each outcome measure, using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. A priori defined @entity1 sub-groups were analyzed using a mixed-effect model. The relationship between pre-defined continuous variable moderators (age, IQ, year of publication and trial duration) and effect size was analyzed using meta-regression. RESULTS: Twenty-two placebo-controlled double-blind @entity922 met the inclusion criteria (n = 721, mean age = 17.1 years, 62% @entity1 , mean trial duration = 35 weeks). There was a significant overall placebo response from pre- to post-treatment in @entity1 with @entity717 (g = 0.468, p = 0.002), both for "subjective outcomes" (a third- @entity1 's evaluation of the @entity1 ) (g = 0.563, p = 0.022) and "objective outcomes" (direct evaluation of the @entity1 's abilities) (g = 0.434, p = 0.036). Individuals with higher IQ had higher response to placebo (p = 0.02) and no placebo response was observed in @entity717 @entity1 with comorbid @entity303 . A significant effect of age (p = 0.02) was found, indicating higher placebo responses in treatment of younger @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Results suggest that @entity1 with genetically determined @entity717 improve in the placebo arm of @entity922 . Several mechanisms may contribute to placebo effects in @entity717 , including expectancy, implicit learning and "placebo-by-proxy" induced by clinicians/family members. As the condition is refractory, there is little risk that improvements are explained by spontaneous remission. While new avenues for treatment of genetically determined @entity717 are emerging, our results demonstrate how contextual factors can affect clinical outcomes and emphasize the importance of being vigilant on the role of placebos when testing novel treatments in @entity717 .

title: Placebo Responses in Genetically Determined XXXX : A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'Intellectual Disability']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['randomized clinical trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Intellectual Disability']


abstract: PURPOSE: Studies have suggested an association between the use of regional paravertebral or epidural anesthesia and a reduction in @entity5 recurrence following @entity0 surgery. To examine this relationship we performed a retrospective case-control study of @entity1 undergoing @entity0 surgery receiving regional, regional and general, or general anesthesia. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of @entity1 undergoing surgery for stage 0 to III @entity0 . @entity1 identified as receiving regional anesthesia were then matched for age, stage, @entity1782 ( @entity1782 ) status, @entity7273 status, and @entity1722 expression with @entity1 who received no regional anesthesia. Univariate (Pearson's   2 test and odds ratio) and multivariate logistic analyses with backward stepwise regression were performed to determine factors associated with @entity5 recurrence. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2007, 816 @entity1 underwent surgery for stage 0-III @entity0 at our institution. Forty-five @entity1 developed @entity5 . Univariate analysis showed the use of regional anesthesia trended towards reduced @entity5 recurrence, but it did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.06). Higher recurrence rates were associated with @entity1782 positive status (p = 0.003) and higher @entity5 stage (p < 0.0001). Age and @entity1722 status were not associated with increased @entity5 recurrence (both p > 0.11). Multivariate analysis confirmed @entity1782 status and stage as independently influential (p = 0.002 and p < 0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSION: Although we found a trend towards reduced @entity0 recurrence with the use of regional anesthesia, univariate analysis did not reach statistical significance.

title: XXXX recurrence in @entity1 receiving epidural and paravertebral anesthesia: a retrospective, case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1782 :: ('2099', 'Gene') :: ['ER', 'estrogen receptor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7273 :: ('5241', 'Gene') :: ['progesterone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Studies have suggested an association between the use of regional paravertebral or epidural anesthesia and a reduction in @entity5 recurrence following @entity0 surgery. To examine this relationship we performed a retrospective case-control study of @entity1 undergoing @entity0 surgery receiving regional, regional and general, or general anesthesia. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of @entity1 undergoing surgery for stage 0 to III @entity0 . @entity1 identified as receiving regional anesthesia were then matched for age, stage, @entity1782 ( @entity1782 ) status, @entity7273 status, and @entity1722 expression with @entity1 who received no regional anesthesia. Univariate (Pearson's   2 test and odds ratio) and multivariate logistic analyses with backward stepwise regression were performed to determine factors associated with @entity5 recurrence. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2007, 816 @entity1 underwent surgery for stage 0-III @entity0 at our institution. Forty-five @entity1 developed @entity5 . Univariate analysis showed the use of regional anesthesia trended towards reduced @entity5 recurrence, but it did not achieve statistical significance (p = 0.06). Higher recurrence rates were associated with @entity1782 positive status (p = 0.003) and higher @entity5 stage (p < 0.0001). Age and @entity1722 status were not associated with increased @entity5 recurrence (both p > 0.11). Multivariate analysis confirmed @entity1782 status and stage as independently influential (p = 0.002 and p < 0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSION: Although we found a trend towards reduced @entity0 recurrence with the use of regional anesthesia, univariate analysis did not reach statistical significance.

title: @entity0 recurrence in XXXX receiving epidural and paravertebral anesthesia: a retrospective, case-control study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recently, great progress has been achieved in the treatment of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). However, some @entity1 , particularly older @entity1 with comorbidities or with relapsed/ @entity1778 , still have limited therapeutic options. There is an urgent need to discover less toxic and more effective drugs for @entity1072 @entity1 . Applying new modalities or substances that are widely used for the treatment of other diseases has been reported to improve results in @entity1072 treatment. This study aimed to assess the non-chemotherapeutic drug @entity1872 for its potential to destroy @entity1778 cells. Leukemic cells, obtained from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 23 @entity1072 @entity1 , were cultured in the presence of @entity1872 and its combination with the purine @entity8742 analogs @entity3118 and @entity8778 and @entity11441 . After 24  h of incubation, the rate of apoptosis indicated by active @entity522 expression, and @entity137 indicated by forward light scatter and light scatter analysis, was assessed by flow cytometry. We also measured expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins of BCL family and active @entity8187 and active @entity8186 expressions in @entity1778 cells. @entity1872 had a caspase-dependent pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effect on @entity1778 cells in a @entity5 -specific manner. The mechanisms of its action appear to be complex and should be precisely established; however, induction of apoptosis involving both mitochondrial and receptor cascades appears to be most probable. @entity1872 showed a synergic effect with @entity8778 , an additive effect with @entity3118 , and an infra-additive effect with @entity11441 . The rate of @entity1872 -induced apoptosis and @entity137 did not differ between @entity1 with better and worse prognostic markers. Our results indicate that @entity1872 may be a potential therapeutic agent for @entity1072 @entity1 alone and in combination with @entity17262 analogs.

title: @entity1872 induces apoptosis and @entity137 of XXXX cells alone and in combination with purine nucleoside analogs in @entity1072 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['cladribine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity11441 :: ('MESH:C001758', 'Chemical') :: ['bendamustine']

entities_list: @entity1872 :: ('MESH:D003613', 'Chemical') :: ['Danazol', 'danazol']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['refractory leukemia', 'leukemic']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recently, great progress has been achieved in the treatment of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). However, some @entity1 , particularly older @entity1 with comorbidities or with relapsed/ @entity1778 , still have limited therapeutic options. There is an urgent need to discover less toxic and more effective drugs for @entity1072 @entity1 . Applying new modalities or substances that are widely used for the treatment of other diseases has been reported to improve results in @entity1072 treatment. This study aimed to assess the non-chemotherapeutic drug @entity1872 for its potential to destroy @entity1778 cells. Leukemic cells, obtained from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 23 @entity1072 @entity1 , were cultured in the presence of @entity1872 and its combination with the purine @entity8742 analogs @entity3118 and @entity8778 and @entity11441 . After 24  h of incubation, the rate of apoptosis indicated by active @entity522 expression, and @entity137 indicated by forward light scatter and light scatter analysis, was assessed by flow cytometry. We also measured expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins of BCL family and active @entity8187 and active @entity8186 expressions in @entity1778 cells. @entity1872 had a caspase-dependent pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effect on @entity1778 cells in a @entity5 -specific manner. The mechanisms of its action appear to be complex and should be precisely established; however, induction of apoptosis involving both mitochondrial and receptor cascades appears to be most probable. @entity1872 showed a synergic effect with @entity8778 , an additive effect with @entity3118 , and an infra-additive effect with @entity11441 . The rate of @entity1872 -induced apoptosis and @entity137 did not differ between @entity1 with better and worse prognostic markers. Our results indicate that @entity1872 may be a potential therapeutic agent for @entity1072 @entity1 alone and in combination with @entity17262 analogs.

title: @entity1872 induces apoptosis and XXXX of @entity1778 cells alone and in combination with purine nucleoside analogs in @entity1072 .

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recently, great progress has been achieved in the treatment of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). However, some @entity1 , particularly older @entity1 with comorbidities or with relapsed/ @entity1778 , still have limited therapeutic options. There is an urgent need to discover less toxic and more effective drugs for @entity1072 @entity1 . Applying new modalities or substances that are widely used for the treatment of other diseases has been reported to improve results in @entity1072 treatment. This study aimed to assess the non-chemotherapeutic drug @entity1872 for its potential to destroy @entity1778 cells. Leukemic cells, obtained from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 23 @entity1072 @entity1 , were cultured in the presence of @entity1872 and its combination with the purine @entity8742 analogs @entity3118 and @entity8778 and @entity11441 . After 24  h of incubation, the rate of apoptosis indicated by active @entity522 expression, and @entity137 indicated by forward light scatter and light scatter analysis, was assessed by flow cytometry. We also measured expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins of BCL family and active @entity8187 and active @entity8186 expressions in @entity1778 cells. @entity1872 had a caspase-dependent pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effect on @entity1778 cells in a @entity5 -specific manner. The mechanisms of its action appear to be complex and should be precisely established; however, induction of apoptosis involving both mitochondrial and receptor cascades appears to be most probable. @entity1872 showed a synergic effect with @entity8778 , an additive effect with @entity3118 , and an infra-additive effect with @entity11441 . The rate of @entity1872 -induced apoptosis and @entity137 did not differ between @entity1 with better and worse prognostic markers. Our results indicate that @entity1872 may be a potential therapeutic agent for @entity1072 @entity1 alone and in combination with @entity17262 analogs.

title: @entity1872 induces apoptosis and @entity137 of @entity1778 cells alone and in combination with purine nucleoside analogs in XXXX .

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recently, great progress has been achieved in the treatment of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). However, some @entity1 , particularly older @entity1 with comorbidities or with relapsed/ @entity1778 , still have limited therapeutic options. There is an urgent need to discover less toxic and more effective drugs for @entity1072 @entity1 . Applying new modalities or substances that are widely used for the treatment of other diseases has been reported to improve results in @entity1072 treatment. This study aimed to assess the non-chemotherapeutic drug @entity1872 for its potential to destroy @entity1778 cells. Leukemic cells, obtained from the peripheral blood and bone marrow of 23 @entity1072 @entity1 , were cultured in the presence of @entity1872 and its combination with the purine @entity8742 analogs @entity3118 and @entity8778 and @entity11441 . After 24  h of incubation, the rate of apoptosis indicated by active @entity522 expression, and @entity137 indicated by forward light scatter and light scatter analysis, was assessed by flow cytometry. We also measured expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins of BCL family and active @entity8187 and active @entity8186 expressions in @entity1778 cells. @entity1872 had a caspase-dependent pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effect on @entity1778 cells in a @entity5 -specific manner. The mechanisms of its action appear to be complex and should be precisely established; however, induction of apoptosis involving both mitochondrial and receptor cascades appears to be most probable. @entity1872 showed a synergic effect with @entity8778 , an additive effect with @entity3118 , and an infra-additive effect with @entity11441 . The rate of @entity1872 -induced apoptosis and @entity137 did not differ between @entity1 with better and worse prognostic markers. Our results indicate that @entity1872 may be a potential therapeutic agent for @entity1072 @entity1 alone and in combination with @entity17262 analogs.

title: XXXX induces apoptosis and @entity137 of @entity1778 cells alone and in combination with purine nucleoside analogs in @entity1072 .

answer: @entity1872 :: (MESH:D003613,Chemical) :: ['Danazol']


abstract: A model system capable of providing clinically relevant analgesic doses with minimal @entity130 has been elusive in laboratory animal medicine. Our laboratory has developed an @entity158 system that effectively discriminates between nonnoxious and noxious thermal stimuli in @entity35 and @entity19 . Male and female @entity35 (Crl:SD) and @entity19 (Crl: @entity58260 -HR(hr)) were trained to perform a task (placing their face through an opening and having their cheeks stay in contact with thermodes) to receive a reward (a solution of sweetened condensed milk). Currently accepted doses of @entity4783 were tested by using a crossover design. @entity158 was induced in both species by sensitizing the depilated skin over both cheeks with @entity2951 cream or by creating a @entity954 ( @entity35 only) and then allowing the animals to contact a temperature-regulated thermode while obtaining a reward. Optimal antinociceptive doses included 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg in male @entity19 but only 0.05 mg/kg in female @entity19 . In rats, optimal antinociceptive doses included 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg for male @entity35 but only 0.03 mg/kg for female @entity35 . The 2 pain-induction models in @entity35 ( @entity2951 cream and @entity954 ) did not differ. Our @entity158 assay can determine clinically relevant analgesic doses for rodents in a preclinical assay. The automated, investigator-independent nature of the assay, in conjunction with its high sensitivity, makes this method an improvement over traditional noninvasive methods, providing better data for developing optimal analgesic recommendations for @entity35 and @entity19 .

title: Assessment of an Orofacial Operant XXXX Assay as a Preclinical Tool for Evaluating Analgesic Efficacy in Rodents.

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'orofacial operant pain']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: As a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, @entity19062 can establish a symbiotic relationship with the @entity1460 plant ( @entity1460 ). To be a successful symbiont, @entity19063 must deal with plant defense responses, such as an oxidative burst. Our previous functional genomics study showed that carQ (bll1028) encoding extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor was highly expressed (107.8-fold induction) under oxidative stress. Little is known about the underlying mechanisms of how CarQ responds to oxidative stress. In this study, a carQ knock-out mutant was constructed using site-specific mutagenesis to identify the role of carQ in the oxidative response of @entity19063 . The carQ mutant showed a longer generation time than the wild type and exhibited significantly decreased survival at 10 mM H(2)O(2) for 10 min of exposure. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference in expression of oxidative stress-responsive genes such as katG and sod between the wild type and carQ mutant. The mutant also showed a significant increase in susceptibility to H(2)O(2) compared to the wild type in the zone inhibition assay. Nodulation phenotypes of the carQ mutant were distinguishable compared to those of the wild type, including lower numbers of nodules, decreased nodule dry weight, decreased plant dry weight, and a lower nitrogen fixation capability. Moreover, desiccation of mutant cells also resulted in significantly lower percent of survival in both early (after 4 h) and late (after 24 h) desiccation periods. Taken together, this information will provide an insight into the role of the ECF sigma factor in @entity19063 to deal with a plant-derived oxidative burst.

title: Role of the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor CarQ in oxidative response of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19062 :: ('375', 'Species') :: ['Bradyrhizobium japonicum']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['Glycine max', 'soybean']

answer: @entity19062 :: (375,Species) :: ['Bradyrhizobium japonicum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have tissue- and disease-specific expression patterns. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been associated with initiation and progression of oncogenesis in @entity1 . The abnormal expression of @entity8188 phosphatases detected in a number of @entity5 implies that their dysregulation is involved in malignant transformation. Using miRNA target prediction software, we found that @entity22410 could target the 3'UTR sequence of @entity8188 . To shed light on their roles of @entity22410 in @entity0 , the expression of @entity22410 was examined by real-time RT-PCR in @entity0 and normal tissues. @entity22410 is significantly downregulated in @entity0 . @entity22410 re-expression suppressed cell growth, cell cycle, migration, and invasion in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) cell line MDA-MB231. Luciferase expression from a reporter vector containing the @entity8188 -3'UTR was decreased when this construct was transfected with @entity22410 . The over-expression of @entity22410 suppressed the endogenous @entity8188 protein level in @entity0 cells. For the first time, we demonstrate that miRNA-211 is a direct negative regulator of @entity8188 expression in @entity0 cells, alters other related target proteins @entity8189 and @entity4009 , and then inhibits @entity0 cells growth, migration, and invasion and lead G2/M arrest. The transcriptional loss of @entity22410 and the resultant increase in @entity8188 expression facilitate increased genomic instability at an early stage of @entity5 development.

title: MicroRNA-211, a direct negative regulator of XXXX expression, inhibits @entity0 cells' growth and migration.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'triple-negative breast cancer', 'TNBC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity8188 :: (994,Gene) :: ['CDC25B']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have tissue- and disease-specific expression patterns. Dysregulation of miRNAs has been associated with initiation and progression of oncogenesis in @entity1 . The abnormal expression of @entity8188 phosphatases detected in a number of @entity5 implies that their dysregulation is involved in malignant transformation. Using miRNA target prediction software, we found that @entity22410 could target the 3'UTR sequence of @entity8188 . To shed light on their roles of @entity22410 in @entity0 , the expression of @entity22410 was examined by real-time RT-PCR in @entity0 and normal tissues. @entity22410 is significantly downregulated in @entity0 . @entity22410 re-expression suppressed cell growth, cell cycle, migration, and invasion in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) cell line MDA-MB231. Luciferase expression from a reporter vector containing the @entity8188 -3'UTR was decreased when this construct was transfected with @entity22410 . The over-expression of @entity22410 suppressed the endogenous @entity8188 protein level in @entity0 cells. For the first time, we demonstrate that miRNA-211 is a direct negative regulator of @entity8188 expression in @entity0 cells, alters other related target proteins @entity8189 and @entity4009 , and then inhibits @entity0 cells growth, migration, and invasion and lead G2/M arrest. The transcriptional loss of @entity22410 and the resultant increase in @entity8188 expression facilitate increased genomic instability at an early stage of @entity5 development.

title: MicroRNA-211, a direct negative regulator of @entity8188 expression, inhibits XXXX cells' growth and migration.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['triple-negative breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 tissue @entity7199 -related peptidases (KLK) are a group of 15 @entity563 proteases which have been investigated as potential @entity5 biomarkers. This study determined the prognostic significance of @entity37598 and 15 expression levels in @entity356 specimens. Expression of @entity37598 and @entity50834 was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining on a tissue microarray constructed from 113 gastrectomy specimens from @entity1 with @entity356 . To minimize inter-observer variability, expression levels were quantified using an automated algorithm. Epithelial and stromal staining were assessed separately. Both @entity37598 and @entity50834 were expressed in @entity356 . There was no significant correlation between either @entity37598 or @entity50834 expression and the presence of lymph node metastases or Lauren classification (intestinal vs. diffuse). Higher levels of @entity37598 expression in @entity356 were associated with significantly worse overall survival (p   =   0.008), and a multivariate analysis showed that it had prognostic value independent of @entity5 stage and differentiation (p   =   0.004). Variations in @entity50834 expression were not significantly associated with prognosis. @entity37598 shows promise as a potential independent prognostic marker for @entity356 .

title: Prognostic significance of @entity1 tissue XXXX -related peptidases 11 and 15 in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikrein']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity7199 :: (MESH:D007610,Chemical) :: ['kallikrein']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 tissue @entity7199 -related peptidases (KLK) are a group of 15 @entity563 proteases which have been investigated as potential @entity5 biomarkers. This study determined the prognostic significance of @entity37598 and 15 expression levels in @entity356 specimens. Expression of @entity37598 and @entity50834 was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining on a tissue microarray constructed from 113 gastrectomy specimens from @entity1 with @entity356 . To minimize inter-observer variability, expression levels were quantified using an automated algorithm. Epithelial and stromal staining were assessed separately. Both @entity37598 and @entity50834 were expressed in @entity356 . There was no significant correlation between either @entity37598 or @entity50834 expression and the presence of lymph node metastases or Lauren classification (intestinal vs. diffuse). Higher levels of @entity37598 expression in @entity356 were associated with significantly worse overall survival (p   =   0.008), and a multivariate analysis showed that it had prognostic value independent of @entity5 stage and differentiation (p   =   0.004). Variations in @entity50834 expression were not significantly associated with prognosis. @entity37598 shows promise as a potential independent prognostic marker for @entity356 .

title: Prognostic significance of @entity1 tissue @entity7199 -related peptidases 11 and 15 in XXXX .

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 tissue @entity7199 -related peptidases (KLK) are a group of 15 @entity563 proteases which have been investigated as potential @entity5 biomarkers. This study determined the prognostic significance of @entity37598 and 15 expression levels in @entity356 specimens. Expression of @entity37598 and @entity50834 was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining on a tissue microarray constructed from 113 gastrectomy specimens from @entity1 with @entity356 . To minimize inter-observer variability, expression levels were quantified using an automated algorithm. Epithelial and stromal staining were assessed separately. Both @entity37598 and @entity50834 were expressed in @entity356 . There was no significant correlation between either @entity37598 or @entity50834 expression and the presence of lymph node metastases or Lauren classification (intestinal vs. diffuse). Higher levels of @entity37598 expression in @entity356 were associated with significantly worse overall survival (p   =   0.008), and a multivariate analysis showed that it had prognostic value independent of @entity5 stage and differentiation (p   =   0.004). Variations in @entity50834 expression were not significantly associated with prognosis. @entity37598 shows promise as a potential independent prognostic marker for @entity356 .

title: Prognostic significance of XXXX tissue @entity7199 -related peptidases 11 and 15 in @entity356 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To appraise the role of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in @entity1 with lung metastasis from primary soft tissue @entity242 . METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 (51 lesions) were analysed. All @entity1 were in good performance status (1-2 eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG)), unsuitable for surgical resection, with controlled primary @entity5 and the number of lung metastases was    4. In a risk adaptive scheme, the dose prescription was: 30Gy/1fr, 60Gy/3fr, 60Gy/8fr and 48Gy/4fr. Treatments were performed with Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy. Clinical outcome was evaluated by thoracic and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan before SBRT and than every 3months. @entity137 was evaluated with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scale version 4.0. RESULTS: @entity1822 (36%) and @entity1352 (25%) were the most common histologies. Five @entity1 (18%) initially presented with @entity358 , whereas 23 (82%) developed them at a median time of 51months (range 11-311months) from the initial diagnosis. The median follow-up time from initial diagnosis was 65months (5-139months) and from SBRT was 21months (2-80months). No severe @entity137 (grades III-IV) was recorded and no @entity1 required hospitalisation. The actuarial 5-years local control rate (from SBRT treatment) was 96%. Overall survival at 2 and 5years was 96.2% and 60.5%, respectively. At last follow-up 15 @entity1 (54%) were alive. All other died because of distant progression. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT provides excellent local control of @entity358 from soft tissue @entity242 (STS) and may improve survival in selected @entity1 . SBRT should be considered for all @entity1 with @entity358 ( @entity358 ) and evaluated in a multidisciplinary team.

title: Stereotactic body radiation therapy for lung metastases from soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis', 'PM']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Liver X Receptors (LXRs) are @entity5068 -activated transcription factors that play major roles in cellular @entity165 homeostasis, HDL biogenesis and reverse @entity165 transport. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms that control the expression of the @entity1 @entity13466 gene in hepatic cells. A series of reporter plasmids containing consecutive 5' deletions of the hLXRa promoter upstream of the luciferase gene were constructed and the activity of each construct was measured in HepG2 cells. This analysis showed that the activity of the @entity1 @entity13466 promoter was significantly reduced by deleting the  -111 to  -42 region suggesting the presence of positive regulatory elements in this short proximal fragment. Bioinformatics data including motif search and ChIP-Seq revealed the presence of a potential binding motif for Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4 a ( @entity5907 ) in this area. Overexpression of @entity5907 in HEK 293T cells increased the expression of all @entity13466 promoter constructs except  -42/+384. In line, silencing the expression of endogenous @entity5907 in HepG2 cells was associated with reduced @entity13466 protein levels and reduced activity of the  -111/+384 @entity13466 promoter but not of the  -42/+384 promoter. Using ChiP assays in HepG2 cells combined with DNAP assays we mapped the novel @entity5907 specific binding motif (H4-SBM) in the  -50 to  -40 region of the @entity1 @entity13466 promoter. A triple mutation in this H4-SBM abolished @entity5907 binding and reduced the activity of the promoter to 65% relative to the wild type. Furthermore, the mutant promoter could not be transactivated by @entity5907 . In conclusion, our data indicate that @entity5907 may have a wider role in cell and plasma @entity165 homeostasis by controlling the expression of @entity13466 in hepatic cells.

title: Transcriptional regulation of the XXXX Liver X Receptor a gene by Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4a.

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While a great deal has been learned of the genetic changes that give rise to adaptation in bacteria and @entity375 , an understanding of how new complex traits arise in multicellular organisms is far less complete. Many phytophagous insect species are ecological specialists that have adapted to utilize a single host plant. @entity13271 is a specialist that utilizes the ripe fruit of Morinda citrifolia, which is toxic to its sibling species, @entity12137 . Here we apply multiplexed shotgun genotyping and QTL analysis to examine the genetic basis of resistance to M. citrifolia fruit toxin in interspecific hybrids. We identify a locus of large effect on the third chromosome (QTL-IIIsima) in the @entity12137 backcross that was not detected in previous analyses. We also identify a highly significant QTL of large effect on the X chromosome, QTL-Xsim. Additional smaller-effect loci were also identified in the @entity12137 and @entity13271 backcrosses. We did not detect significant epistasis between loci. Instead, our analysis reveals large and smaller-effect loci that contribute to M. citrifolia resistance additively. The additive effect of each locus suggests that partial resistance to lower levels of M. citrifolia toxin could be passed through introgression from @entity13271 to @entity12137 in nature. The identification of the major effect loci, QTL-IIIsima and QTL-Xsim, is an important step towards identifying the molecular basis of adaptation in a multicellular organism.

title: The Genetics of Resistance to Morinda Fruit Toxin During the Postembryonic Stages in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13271 :: ('7238', 'Species') :: ['D. sechellia', 'Drosophila sechellia']

answer: @entity13271 :: (7238,Species) :: ['Drosophila sechellia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity957 ( @entity6461 ) and @entity420 ( @entity420 ) are generally combined in @entity5 surveillance, their etiologies likely differ. Here, we describe demographic characteristics and trends in incidence rates (IR) of @entity5 by histology ( @entity6461 , @entity420 ) and behavior (invasive, in situ) in the United States. METHODS: With data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, we estimated age-adjusted @entity5 IRs across behavior/histology by demographic and @entity5 characteristics for 2000-2011. Trends in IRs and annual percent changes during 1977-2011 were also estimated and compared with @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity1 had higher rates of @entity6461 [rate ratio (RR), 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.40-1.50] and lower rates of @entity420 (RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.74) and @entity957 in situ ( @entity2735 ; RR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.34-0.38) than @entity1 . Blacks had lower rates of @entity6461 (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.77-0.87) and @entity2735 (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.98) than non-Hispanic whites, but higher rates of @entity420 (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.29-1.70). @entity5 IRs were higher in @entity1 and blacks aged <40 years. During 1992-2011, @entity6461 IRs increased 2.9%/year, @entity420 IRs declined nonsignificantly, and @entity2735 IRs increased 14.2%/year. @entity6461 and @entity420 IR patterns and trends were similar across anal and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Rates of anal @entity6461 and @entity2735 have increased strongly over time, in contrast to rates of anal @entity420 , similar to trends observed for rectal @entity6461 and @entity420 . IMPACT: Anal @entity6461 and @entity420 likely have different etiologies, but may have similar etiologies to rectal @entity6461 and @entity420 , respectively. Strong increases in @entity2735 IRs over time may reflect @entity5 screening patterns. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1-9.   2015 AACR.

title: XXXX Incidence in the United States, 1977-2011: Distinct Patterns by Histology and Behavior.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancers', 'cancer', 'anal cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'Anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['anal squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ADC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Anal Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess post- @entity231 surgery intermediate-term (>6 months) data of visual acuity (VA), surgical complications, refractive outcomes, quality of life (QOL) and @entity227 ( @entity227 ) from a non-governmental organization program in Indonesia. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study design. @entity1 were a selection of @entity1 who underwent @entity231 surgery by the John Fawcett Foundation between 2006 and 2011, with at least 6 months follow-up. @entity1 underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. QOL and @entity227 questionnaires were administered. RESULTS: From a total of 1557 invited to attend, 547 @entity1 participated; 99.8% of eyes had presenting VA <6/60. At day 1 postoperatively, 52.1% of @entity1 had a good outcome by World Health Organization criteria (unaided VA   >=    6/18). Six months or later postoperatively, 85% of eyes had best-corrected VA   >=    6/18 and 5.6% of eyes had best-corrected VA   <   3/60. At final follow-up, mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -2.35 diopters (standard deviation 1.75, n   =   542). On a scale of 1-100, median converted values for QOL were 25.0 preoperatively and 74.0 postoperatively, a statistically significant improvement (p   <   0.001). Of eyes with VA better than 3/60 on postoperative day 1, 5.7% (95% confidence interval 3.6-7.9%) became blind (VA   <   3/60) at the 6-month or later time point. CONCLUSION: @entity231 surgery in this population markedly improved QOL, despite a trend towards myopic refractive outcomes. These findings raise questions about biometric methodology, intraocular lens power calculations and refractive targets. Postoperative day 1 VA data may be a reasonable proxy of the intermediate-term rate of @entity735 .

title: Visual Acuity, Quality of Life and Visual Function Outcomes after XXXX Surgery in Bali.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['non-blind eyes']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'visual function']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity995 has been lethal in virtually all cases previously reported. We describe a series of 13 @entity1 treated with intensive chemotherapy, defined as the intention to include high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue. PROCEDURE: Induction chemotherapy generally included @entity1891 , @entity900 or @entity3003 , @entity786 , and @entity2879 . Hematopoietic stem cells typically were harvested after the first or second cycle of induction chemotherapy, usually from peripheral blood. High-dose chemotherapy regimens were thiotepa-based (n = 7) or melphalan and @entity786 (n = 3). RESULTS: Trilateral sites were pineal (n = 11) and suprasellar (n = 2); 7 @entity1 had localized (M-0) disease and six had @entity6831 (M-1+). Five @entity1 had @entity995 at original diagnosis of @entity995 ; eight later developed @entity66 at a median of 35 months (range 3-60 months) following diagnosis of @entity995 . One @entity1 died of @entity137 ( @entity295 and multi-organ system failure) during induction and three developed disease progression prior to high-dose chemotherapy. Nine @entity1 received high-dose chemotherapy at a median of 5 months (range 4-9) post-diagnosis of @entity66 . Five @entity1 survive event-free at a median of 77 months (range 36-104 months) and never received external beam radiation therapy. Four of seven @entity1 with M-0 disease survive event-free versus only one of six @entity1 with M-1+ disease. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive chemotherapy is potentially curative for some @entity1 with @entity995 , especially those with M-0 disease.

title: XXXX : potentially curable with intensive chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['trilateral disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal dissemination']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['intra-ocular retinoblastoma', 'Trilateral retinoblastoma', 'trilateral retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Trilateral retinoblastoma']


abstract: Amylose extender (ae(-)) starches characteristically have modified starch granule morphology resulting from amylopectin with reduced branch frequency and longer glucan chains in clusters, caused by the loss of activity of the major @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ), which in @entity2829 endosperm is SBEIIb. A recent study with ae(-) @entity2829 lacking the SBEIIb protein (termed ae1.1 herein) showed that novel protein-protein interactions between enzymes of starch biosynthesis in the amyloplast could explain the starch phenotype of the ae1.1 mutant. The present study examined an allelic variant of the ae(-) mutation, ae1.2, which expresses a catalytically inactive form of SBEIIb. The catalytically inactive SBEIIb in ae1.2 lacks a 28 @entity3689 peptide ( @entity2596 272-Pro299) and is unable to bind to amylopectin. Analysis of starch from ae1.2 revealed altered granule morphology and physicochemical characteristics distinct from those of the ae1.1 mutant as well as the wild-type, including altered apparent amylose content and gelatinization properties. Starch from ae1.2 had fewer intermediate length glucan chains (degree of polymerization 16-20) than ae1.1. Biochemical analysis of ae1.2 showed that there were differences in the organization and assembly of protein complexes of starch biosynthetic enzymes in comparison with ae1.1 (and wild-type) amyloplasts, which were also reflected in the composition of starch granule-bound proteins. The formation of stromal protein complexes in the wild-type and ae1.2 was strongly enhanced by @entity855 , and broken by phosphatase treatment, indicating a role for protein phosphorylation in their assembly. Labelling experiments with [y-(32)P]ATP showed that the inactive form of SBEIIb in ae1.2 was phosphorylated, both in the monomeric form and in association with starch synthase isoforms. Although the inactive SBEIIb was unable to bind starch directly, it was strongly associated with the starch granule, reinforcing the conclusion that its presence in the granules is a result of physical association with other enzymes of starch synthesis. In addition, an @entity3281 -based affinity ligand, specific for phosphoproteins, was used to show that the granule-bound forms of SBEIIb in the wild-type and ae1.2 were phosphorylated, as was the granule-bound form of SBEI found in ae1.2 starch. The data strongly support the hypothesis that the complement of heteromeric complexes of proteins involved in amylopectin synthesis contributes to the fine structure and architecture of the starch granule.

title: Allelic variants of the amylose extender mutation of XXXX demonstrate phenotypic variation in starch structure resulting from modified protein-protein interactions.

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['starch branching enzyme', 'SBE']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is an @entity792 with diverse clinical manifestation ranging from mild @entity74 to life-threatening @entity262 ( @entity262 ). In some @entity1 , it remains to persist in the skin-limited form while in others it evolves into @entity262 . Here comes the role of identifying the markers of systemic involvement, which could determine the course and prognosis of the disease. AIM: To identify those manifestations that could be used to identify the activity of the disease @entity262 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institution based, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out over 1 year period. Sixty @entity1 (male : female 1 : 4) with cutaneous @entity1252 were recruited for the study. The @entity1 were classified in two groups depending on the presence or absence of ARA criteria of @entity262 . Detailed account of @entity1252 -specific and nonspecific lesions were noted. Statistical significance of the results was compared between the two groups using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Among the different cutaneous manifestations, highly significant (P value <0.001) was found between @entity262 and nonscarring @entity1665 , photosensitivity, oral @entity1066 , @entity1910 (in decreasing order of odds favoring the association with @entity262 ). @entity272 (P value=0.0326) also showed significant association where as discoid lesion (especially localized variant) predicted toward a skin limited form of the disease with high probability of not developing @entity262 (P value <0.0001). No significant association was found between @entity262 and @entity75 , @entity2407 or scarring @entity1665 . CONCLUSION: Identification of lesions with high degree of association with @entity262 can alert the physician of the unfavorable prognosis and allow timely intervention and institution of appropriate management strategies.

title: @entity272 in XXXX : a marker of systemic involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['malar rash']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['papulosquamous lesions']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus erythematosus', 'LE']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Dimorphic skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is an @entity792 with diverse clinical manifestation ranging from mild @entity74 to life-threatening @entity262 ( @entity262 ). In some @entity1 , it remains to persist in the skin-limited form while in others it evolves into @entity262 . Here comes the role of identifying the markers of systemic involvement, which could determine the course and prognosis of the disease. AIM: To identify those manifestations that could be used to identify the activity of the disease @entity262 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: An institution based, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out over 1 year period. Sixty @entity1 (male : female 1 : 4) with cutaneous @entity1252 were recruited for the study. The @entity1 were classified in two groups depending on the presence or absence of ARA criteria of @entity262 . Detailed account of @entity1252 -specific and nonspecific lesions were noted. Statistical significance of the results was compared between the two groups using the chi-square test. RESULTS: Among the different cutaneous manifestations, highly significant (P value <0.001) was found between @entity262 and nonscarring @entity1665 , photosensitivity, oral @entity1066 , @entity1910 (in decreasing order of odds favoring the association with @entity262 ). @entity272 (P value=0.0326) also showed significant association where as discoid lesion (especially localized variant) predicted toward a skin limited form of the disease with high probability of not developing @entity262 (P value <0.0001). No significant association was found between @entity262 and @entity75 , @entity2407 or scarring @entity1665 . CONCLUSION: Identification of lesions with high degree of association with @entity262 can alert the physician of the unfavorable prognosis and allow timely intervention and institution of appropriate management strategies.

title: XXXX in @entity1252 : a marker of systemic involvement.

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['Skin lesions']


abstract: Aim of this study was to determine the causative agent and source of a large @entity1902 outbreak occurred in a national financial center (CBIRI) in July 2003. A @entity1 definition was defined staff were interviewed in the clinic of the Bank and their information were collected by means of a standardized questionnaire. A total of 110 fecal specimens were collected within 48 h of symptom onset from 100 @entity1 with symptoms of @entity1902 and 10 restaurant staff. The specimens were processed within 12 h to detect ova and parasites by direct microscopy and common bacteria by standard methods. The outbreak started on 22 July 2003 lasted 4 days. From a total of 1300 staff. 535 @entity1 experienced a severe @entity344 . None but one of tested fecal samples were positive for bacterial enteric pathogens. @entity10583 B was isolated from the positive case. Definitive association between illness and isolated @entity10583 B remained to be determined since it was isolated only from one case. There is a need, however, for increased awareness among both professionals and the public to implement appropriate prevention measures and monitoring of food and water.

title: An outbreak of XXXX of unknown origin in Tehran, July 2003.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal illness']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4105 is a cell surface glycoprotein that mediates the adhesion of leucocytes to vessels endothelium, an important early step in the @entity731 process. @entity454 ( @entity454 ) is a highly atherogenic disease but it is unknown whether genetic polymorphism(s) in the @entity4105 gene plays a role in the severity of @entity16 in this condition. Method. In this study, we tested whether the @entity71494 variant in the @entity4105 gene is linked to @entity2998 in 134 well-characterized @entity454 @entity1 . The frequency of this polymorphism was also measured in a population sample of the same geographical area. RESULTS: A total of 84% @entity1 had the CC genotype, 13% had the CT genotype, 3% had the TT genotype and this distribution did not differ from that in the control population. @entity121 ( @entity121 ) (P = 0.01) and cross-sectional area (P = 0.02) were significantly higher in @entity1 with the T-allele than in those without this allele. Furthermore, the degree of @entity543 was significantly higher (P = 0.02) in @entity1 with T-allele than in CC @entity1 . On multivariate analyses including the traditional and non-traditional risk factors, the @entity71494 polymorphism was confirmed as an independent correlate of @entity121 (P = 0.02), cross-sectional area (P = 0.03) and @entity543 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In @entity454 , the @entity71494 polymorphism of @entity4105 gene is associated with the severity of @entity2998 , suggesting that genetically-determined alterations in the @entity4105 molecule may render @entity454 @entity1 with this gene variant particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of @entity32 on the arterial wall.

title: The @entity4105 gene polymorphism and XXXX in @entity454 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['arterial damage']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity71494 :: ('p|SUB|L|554|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Leu554Phe']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'Intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4105 is a cell surface glycoprotein that mediates the adhesion of leucocytes to vessels endothelium, an important early step in the @entity731 process. @entity454 ( @entity454 ) is a highly atherogenic disease but it is unknown whether genetic polymorphism(s) in the @entity4105 gene plays a role in the severity of @entity16 in this condition. Method. In this study, we tested whether the @entity71494 variant in the @entity4105 gene is linked to @entity2998 in 134 well-characterized @entity454 @entity1 . The frequency of this polymorphism was also measured in a population sample of the same geographical area. RESULTS: A total of 84% @entity1 had the CC genotype, 13% had the CT genotype, 3% had the TT genotype and this distribution did not differ from that in the control population. @entity121 ( @entity121 ) (P = 0.01) and cross-sectional area (P = 0.02) were significantly higher in @entity1 with the T-allele than in those without this allele. Furthermore, the degree of @entity543 was significantly higher (P = 0.02) in @entity1 with T-allele than in CC @entity1 . On multivariate analyses including the traditional and non-traditional risk factors, the @entity71494 polymorphism was confirmed as an independent correlate of @entity121 (P = 0.02), cross-sectional area (P = 0.03) and @entity543 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In @entity454 , the @entity71494 polymorphism of @entity4105 gene is associated with the severity of @entity2998 , suggesting that genetically-determined alterations in the @entity4105 molecule may render @entity454 @entity1 with this gene variant particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of @entity32 on the arterial wall.

title: The @entity4105 gene polymorphism and @entity2998 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4105 is a cell surface glycoprotein that mediates the adhesion of leucocytes to vessels endothelium, an important early step in the @entity731 process. @entity454 ( @entity454 ) is a highly atherogenic disease but it is unknown whether genetic polymorphism(s) in the @entity4105 gene plays a role in the severity of @entity16 in this condition. Method. In this study, we tested whether the @entity71494 variant in the @entity4105 gene is linked to @entity2998 in 134 well-characterized @entity454 @entity1 . The frequency of this polymorphism was also measured in a population sample of the same geographical area. RESULTS: A total of 84% @entity1 had the CC genotype, 13% had the CT genotype, 3% had the TT genotype and this distribution did not differ from that in the control population. @entity121 ( @entity121 ) (P = 0.01) and cross-sectional area (P = 0.02) were significantly higher in @entity1 with the T-allele than in those without this allele. Furthermore, the degree of @entity543 was significantly higher (P = 0.02) in @entity1 with T-allele than in CC @entity1 . On multivariate analyses including the traditional and non-traditional risk factors, the @entity71494 polymorphism was confirmed as an independent correlate of @entity121 (P = 0.02), cross-sectional area (P = 0.03) and @entity543 (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In @entity454 , the @entity71494 polymorphism of @entity4105 gene is associated with the severity of @entity2998 , suggesting that genetically-determined alterations in the @entity4105 molecule may render @entity454 @entity1 with this gene variant particularly susceptible to the detrimental effects of @entity32 on the arterial wall.

title: The XXXX gene polymorphism and @entity2998 in @entity454 .

answer: @entity4105 :: (6401,Gene) :: ['E-selectin']


abstract: The filamentous cyanobacterium @entity13931 fixes dinitrogen facultatively. Upon depletion of combined @entity1568 , about 10% of vegetative cells within the filaments differentiate terminally into @entity1568 -fixing cells. The heterocyst has been studied as a model system of prokaryotic cell differentiation, with major focus on signal transduction and pattern formation. The fate of heterocyst differentiation is determined at about the eighth hour of induction (point of no return), well before conspicuous morphological or metabolic changes occur. However, little is known about how the initial heterocysts are selected after the induction by @entity1568 deprivation. To address this question, we followed the fate of every cells on agar plates after @entity1568 deprivation with an interval of 4 h. About 10% of heterocysts were formed without prior division after the start of @entity1568 deprivation. The intensity of fluorescence of GFP in the transformants of hetR-gfp increased markedly in the future heterocysts at the fourth hour with respect to other cells. We also noted that the growing filaments consisted of clusters of four consecutive cells that we call quartets. About 75% of initial heterocysts originated from either of the two outer cells of quartets at the start of @entity1568 deprivation. These results suggest that the future heterocysts are loosely selected at early times after the start of @entity1568 deprivation, before the commitment. Such early candidacy could be explained by different properties of the outer and inner cells of a quartet, but the molecular nature of candidacy remains to be uncovered.

title: Early candidacy for differentiation into heterocysts in the filamentous cyanobacterium XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity13931 :: (103690,Species) :: ['Anabaena sp. PCC 7120']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 and @entity5721 (I/R) is the major cause of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) with high mortality rates. Because alternative therapies are needed, we investigated the use of stem cell therapy to modulate @entity32 in a renal I/R model. METHODS: To study kidney I/R injury, we clamped bilateral pedicles for 60 minutes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which had been isolated and cultivated in plastic flasks, were administered to @entity19 6 hours after injury. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity635 mRNAs. Proliferative nuclear cell antigen ( @entity4698 ) was used to calculate tubular regeneration. RESULTS: Administration of MSC attenuated @entity8 ; serum @entity1011 and plasma @entity1133 levels were significantly reduced 24 hours after reperfusion. @entity4698 immunohistochemistry showed that regeneration occurred faster in renal tissues of animals that received MSC than in tissues of control animals. Analyses of cytokine expression in renal tissue demonstrated a greater level of anti-inflammatory cytokines in MSC-treated animals. CONCLUSION: These results showed an antiinflammatory pattern in MSC-treated animals, demonstrating the potential of MSC to modulate I/R, leading to earlier regeneration of damaged renal tissue.

title: Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate tissue damages triggered by XXXX and @entity5721 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 and @entity5721 (I/R) is the major cause of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) with high mortality rates. Because alternative therapies are needed, we investigated the use of stem cell therapy to modulate @entity32 in a renal I/R model. METHODS: To study kidney I/R injury, we clamped bilateral pedicles for 60 minutes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which had been isolated and cultivated in plastic flasks, were administered to @entity19 6 hours after injury. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity635 mRNAs. Proliferative nuclear cell antigen ( @entity4698 ) was used to calculate tubular regeneration. RESULTS: Administration of MSC attenuated @entity8 ; serum @entity1011 and plasma @entity1133 levels were significantly reduced 24 hours after reperfusion. @entity4698 immunohistochemistry showed that regeneration occurred faster in renal tissues of animals that received MSC than in tissues of control animals. Analyses of cytokine expression in renal tissue demonstrated a greater level of anti-inflammatory cytokines in MSC-treated animals. CONCLUSION: These results showed an antiinflammatory pattern in MSC-treated animals, demonstrating the potential of MSC to modulate I/R, leading to earlier regeneration of damaged renal tissue.

title: Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate tissue damages triggered by @entity8 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5721 :: (MESH:D015427,Disease) :: ['reperfusion injury']


abstract: @entity5721 is a complex phenomenon involving not only intracellular injury processes but also an injurious inflammatory response. Both the intracellular injury processes and the injurious events of the inflammatory response are interconnected in pathogenetic networks. @entity131 predominates in the @entity63 phase. The decreased mitochondrial @entity855 generation impairs cellular ion homeostasis with activation of hydrolases and loss of selective permeability of cell membranes. Upon resupply of blood, the inflammatory response is initiated. Resident cells of the affected tissue, blood-derived cells, and noncellular elements such as the complement system are activated, and signalling and other molecules are formed at altered rates. @entity131 occurring in the reperfusion phase may either be a consequence of cellular alterations that were already initiated in the @entity63 phase or may result from the inflammatory response. The intracellular injurious alterations are in part the same as those involved in @entity131 . In addition, activation of intracellular signalling cascades and of apoptotic pathways may take place. Except for a large decrease in their rates, no significant difference exists between the injury processes during warm and cold @entity63 as they become evident during @entity63 itself. In contrast, the injury processes of the inflammatory response and of cell injury in the reperfusion phase significantly vary depending on pre-existent warm versus cold @entity63 . Because of the netlike characteristics of the pathomechanisms, a multifactorial approach is required to provide protection against @entity63 -reperfusion injury.

title: XXXX : processes in pathogenetic networks: a review.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['anoxic cell injury', 'Anoxic cell injury', 'Cell injury']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia-reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity5721 :: (MESH:D015427,Disease) :: ['Ischemia-reperfusion injury']


abstract: A functional intracellular transport system is essential to maintain cell shape and function especially in elongated cells, e.g. neurons and lens fibre cells. Impaired intracellular transport has been suggested as a common pathological mechanism for age-related diseases characterised by @entity6960 . Here, we hypothesise that common genetic variation in the transport protein kinesin may influence the risk of @entity191 ( @entity191 ), @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and age-related @entity231 . This case-control study involves a @entity191 material (165 cases and 190 controls), an @entity195 material (653 cases and 845 controls) and a @entity231 material (495 cases and 183 controls). Genetic variation in the @entity61809 ( @entity61809 ) was tagged by six tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Single SNPs and haplotypes were analysed for associations with disease risk, age parameters, mini-mental state examination scores and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for @entity195 using logistic or linear regression. Genetic variation in @entity61809 did not influence risk of @entity191 . Weak associations with risk of @entity195 were seen for @entity71495 and @entity71496 (P (c) = 0.04 and P (c) = 0.02, respectively). Two SNPs ( @entity71495 and @entity71497 ) influenced risk of @entity231 (P (c) = 0.0007 and P (c) = 0.04, respectively). However, the allele of @entity71495 that caused increased risk of @entity195 caused reduced risk of @entity231 , speaking against a common functional effect of this particular SNP in the two diseases. Haplotype analyses did not add significantly to the associations found in the single SNP analyses. Altogether, these results do not convincingly support @entity61809 as a major susceptibility gene in any of the studied diseases, although there is a small effect of @entity61809 in relation to @entity231 .

title: XXXX gene haplotypes in three conformational diseases.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity6960 :: ('MESH:D001796', 'Disease') :: ['protein aggregation']

entities_list: @entity61809 :: ('3831', 'Gene') :: ['kinesin light chain 1-encoding gene', 'KLC1']

answer: @entity61809 :: (3831,Gene) :: ['Kinesin light chain 1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our article was to describe the spectrum and frequency of @entity456 on CT in @entity1 with @entity3008 ( @entity3008 ) and the pleural findings associated with different types of pleurodesis (talc, mechanical, and chemical) performed to treat the complications of @entity456 in these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity3008 underwent CT of the chest. @entity456 assessed included @entity456 , presence of a pleural mass, areas of high attenuation, effusion, and pneumothorax. In @entity1 who had had pleurodesis, the CT findings were correlated with the type of procedure performed. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-three (52%) of 258 @entity1 had pleurodesis (unilateral, 68/133; bilateral, 65/133). @entity456 were more common in @entity1 who had pleurodesis (101/133, 76%) than in those who had not (47/125, 38%) and were more prevalent on the operated side than on the unoperated side of those 68 @entity1 who had unilateral pleurodesis. The frequencies of findings for the group without pleurodesis versus the group with pleurodesis were @entity456 (26% vs 65%), effusion (10% vs 13%), loculated effusion (2.4% vs 11%), pneumothorax (1.6% vs 10%), areas of high attenuation (1.6% vs 23%), and mass (0.8% vs 14%), respectively. Areas of high attenuation in the pleura were present in all types of pleurodesis (mechanical, 8%; chemical, 13%; talc, 40%) and in two @entity1 who had had repeated thoracentesis or pleurectomy. Pleural masses were present in @entity1 who had had all types of pleurodesis (mechanical, 10%; chemical, 9%; talc, 24%) and in one @entity1 who had had thoracentesis and thoracostomy; the masses commonly enhanced and did not change in size over time. CONCLUSION: @entity456 are common in @entity1 with @entity3008 as complications of the disease itself and as sequelae of pleurodesis and other @entity9662 . Pneumothorax and @entity1143 result from the underlying pathophysiology of @entity3008 , whereas areas of high attenuation and masses develop after all types of pleurodesis and other manipulations of the pleura (i.e., thoracentesis, thoracostomy).

title: CT of @entity456 in XXXX and comparison of pleural findings after different types of pleurodesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3008 :: ('MESH:D018192', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioleiomyomatosis', 'LAM']

entities_list: @entity9662 :: ('MESH:D054363', 'Disease') :: ['pleura manipulations']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural abnormalities', 'pleural abnormalities', 'pleural thickening', 'pleural disease']

answer: @entity3008 :: (MESH:D018192,Disease) :: ['lymphangioleiomyomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our article was to describe the spectrum and frequency of @entity456 on CT in @entity1 with @entity3008 ( @entity3008 ) and the pleural findings associated with different types of pleurodesis (talc, mechanical, and chemical) performed to treat the complications of @entity456 in these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity3008 underwent CT of the chest. @entity456 assessed included @entity456 , presence of a pleural mass, areas of high attenuation, effusion, and pneumothorax. In @entity1 who had had pleurodesis, the CT findings were correlated with the type of procedure performed. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-three (52%) of 258 @entity1 had pleurodesis (unilateral, 68/133; bilateral, 65/133). @entity456 were more common in @entity1 who had pleurodesis (101/133, 76%) than in those who had not (47/125, 38%) and were more prevalent on the operated side than on the unoperated side of those 68 @entity1 who had unilateral pleurodesis. The frequencies of findings for the group without pleurodesis versus the group with pleurodesis were @entity456 (26% vs 65%), effusion (10% vs 13%), loculated effusion (2.4% vs 11%), pneumothorax (1.6% vs 10%), areas of high attenuation (1.6% vs 23%), and mass (0.8% vs 14%), respectively. Areas of high attenuation in the pleura were present in all types of pleurodesis (mechanical, 8%; chemical, 13%; talc, 40%) and in two @entity1 who had had repeated thoracentesis or pleurectomy. Pleural masses were present in @entity1 who had had all types of pleurodesis (mechanical, 10%; chemical, 9%; talc, 24%) and in one @entity1 who had had thoracentesis and thoracostomy; the masses commonly enhanced and did not change in size over time. CONCLUSION: @entity456 are common in @entity1 with @entity3008 as complications of the disease itself and as sequelae of pleurodesis and other @entity9662 . Pneumothorax and @entity1143 result from the underlying pathophysiology of @entity3008 , whereas areas of high attenuation and masses develop after all types of pleurodesis and other manipulations of the pleura (i.e., thoracentesis, thoracostomy).

title: CT of XXXX in @entity3008 and comparison of pleural findings after different types of pleurodesis.

answer: @entity456 :: (MESH:D010995,Disease) :: ['pleural abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the ideal number of @entity75 to be measured to assess disease response in @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy for @entity694 metastases to the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 were recruited for this study. @entity1 were part of a multisite, randomized, double-arm, phase 3 clinical trial involving chemotherapy with an investigational drug for metastatic @entity694 . @entity1 were recruited from U.S. and international sites. Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . Our study included CT measurements of hepatic metastases. All @entity1 (n = 30) had a minimum of five @entity75 in the liver. @entity75 size was defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) criteria. We calculated the @entity1 response at 2 months and at 6 months (complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease) using RECIST. @entity1 response was calculated based on the percentage increase or decrease at 2 and 6 months in the greatest diameter of the single largest lesion, two large lesions, three large lesions, four lesions, and five lesions, respectively. The concordance between five-target-lesion measurement and lesser numbers of lesions was analyzed using kappa statistics (StatView, 5.0). RESULTS: In 93.33% of @entity1 (n = 28/30), there was agreement on @entity1 response irrespective of the number of measurements made on CT. Of these 30 @entity1 , 47% had a partial response (n = 14/30), 43% had stable disease (n = 13/30), and 10% had progressive disease at 2 months (n = 3/30). At 6 months, 43% had a partial response (n = 13/30), 47% had stable disease (n = 14/30), and 10% had progressive disease (n = 3/30). Agreement in response evaluation between lesion groups for multiple measurements was high, with values of 1.0 for multiple-lesion measurements and 0.88 for single-lesion measurements at 2 months. The concordance values were the same at 6 months. CONCLUSION: In the majority of @entity1 with hepatic metastases of @entity14 , measuring the maximal diameter of the single largest lesion yielded the same treatment-response classification as measuring up to five @entity75 . This result suggests that it may be possible to reduce the number of lesions measured in clinical trials.

title: CT of XXXX metastases to the liver using modified RECIST criteria: determining the ideal number of @entity75 to measure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesions', 'Target-lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the ideal number of @entity75 to be measured to assess disease response in @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy for @entity694 metastases to the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 were recruited for this study. @entity1 were part of a multisite, randomized, double-arm, phase 3 clinical trial involving chemotherapy with an investigational drug for metastatic @entity694 . @entity1 were recruited from U.S. and international sites. Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . Our study included CT measurements of hepatic metastases. All @entity1 (n = 30) had a minimum of five @entity75 in the liver. @entity75 size was defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) criteria. We calculated the @entity1 response at 2 months and at 6 months (complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease) using RECIST. @entity1 response was calculated based on the percentage increase or decrease at 2 and 6 months in the greatest diameter of the single largest lesion, two large lesions, three large lesions, four lesions, and five lesions, respectively. The concordance between five-target-lesion measurement and lesser numbers of lesions was analyzed using kappa statistics (StatView, 5.0). RESULTS: In 93.33% of @entity1 (n = 28/30), there was agreement on @entity1 response irrespective of the number of measurements made on CT. Of these 30 @entity1 , 47% had a partial response (n = 14/30), 43% had stable disease (n = 13/30), and 10% had progressive disease at 2 months (n = 3/30). At 6 months, 43% had a partial response (n = 13/30), 47% had stable disease (n = 14/30), and 10% had progressive disease (n = 3/30). Agreement in response evaluation between lesion groups for multiple measurements was high, with values of 1.0 for multiple-lesion measurements and 0.88 for single-lesion measurements at 2 months. The concordance values were the same at 6 months. CONCLUSION: In the majority of @entity1 with hepatic metastases of @entity14 , measuring the maximal diameter of the single largest lesion yielded the same treatment-response classification as measuring up to five @entity75 . This result suggests that it may be possible to reduce the number of lesions measured in clinical trials.

title: CT of @entity694 metastases to the liver using modified RECIST criteria: determining the ideal number of XXXX to measure.

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['target lesions']


abstract: We used an ABA renewal design to study the neural correlates, and role of D1 @entity935 receptors, in contextual control over extinguished @entity167 -seeking. @entity35 were trained to respond for 4% beer in one context (A), extinguished in a different (B) context, and then tested for responding in the original training context (A) or the extinction context (B). ABA renewal was mediated by D1 @entity935 receptors because it was prevented by @entity10095 . ABA renewal of @entity167 -seeking was associated with selective increases in @entity5019 protein induction in basolateral amygdala, ventral accumbens shell, and lateral hypothalamus (renewal-associated @entity5019 ). By contrast, being tested was associated with increased @entity5019 induction in anterior cingulate, prelimbic and infralimbic cortex, rostral agranular insula, dorsomedial accumbens shell, and accumbens core (test-associated @entity5019 ). Renewal-associated @entity5019 in ventral accumbens shell and lateral hypothalamus, but not basolateral amygdala, was D1 @entity935 receptor dependent. Double immunofluorescence showed that renewal-associated @entity5019 was expressed in orexin-negative @entity1640 neurons. However, @entity5019 induction in either @entity1640 orexin-negative or orexin-positive neurons was positively and significantly correlated with @entity167 -seeking. Test-associated @entity5019 induction was observed in orexin-positive perifornical neurons. In both regions, @entity5019 expression was dependent on D1 @entity935 receptors. These results suggest that renewal of extinguished @entity167 -seeking depends on a distributed neural circuit involving basolateral amygdala, ventral accumbens shell, and lateral hypothalamus that involves D1 @entity935 receptors. Comparison with our previous results [Hamlin AS, Blatchford KE, McNally GP (2006) Renewal of an extinguished instrumental response: Neural correlates and the role of D1 @entity935 receptors. Neuroscience 143:25-38] permits identification of similarities and differences in the correlates of renewal of extinguished drug- and natural-reward seeking.

title: The neural correlates and role of D1 XXXX receptors in renewal of extinguished @entity167 -seeking.

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['lateral hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: We used an ABA renewal design to study the neural correlates, and role of D1 @entity935 receptors, in contextual control over extinguished @entity167 -seeking. @entity35 were trained to respond for 4% beer in one context (A), extinguished in a different (B) context, and then tested for responding in the original training context (A) or the extinction context (B). ABA renewal was mediated by D1 @entity935 receptors because it was prevented by @entity10095 . ABA renewal of @entity167 -seeking was associated with selective increases in @entity5019 protein induction in basolateral amygdala, ventral accumbens shell, and lateral hypothalamus (renewal-associated @entity5019 ). By contrast, being tested was associated with increased @entity5019 induction in anterior cingulate, prelimbic and infralimbic cortex, rostral agranular insula, dorsomedial accumbens shell, and accumbens core (test-associated @entity5019 ). Renewal-associated @entity5019 in ventral accumbens shell and lateral hypothalamus, but not basolateral amygdala, was D1 @entity935 receptor dependent. Double immunofluorescence showed that renewal-associated @entity5019 was expressed in orexin-negative @entity1640 neurons. However, @entity5019 induction in either @entity1640 orexin-negative or orexin-positive neurons was positively and significantly correlated with @entity167 -seeking. Test-associated @entity5019 induction was observed in orexin-positive perifornical neurons. In both regions, @entity5019 expression was dependent on D1 @entity935 receptors. These results suggest that renewal of extinguished @entity167 -seeking depends on a distributed neural circuit involving basolateral amygdala, ventral accumbens shell, and lateral hypothalamus that involves D1 @entity935 receptors. Comparison with our previous results [Hamlin AS, Blatchford KE, McNally GP (2006) Renewal of an extinguished instrumental response: Neural correlates and the role of D1 @entity935 receptors. Neuroscience 143:25-38] permits identification of similarities and differences in the correlates of renewal of extinguished drug- and natural-reward seeking.

title: The neural correlates and role of D1 @entity935 receptors in renewal of extinguished XXXX -seeking.

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']