abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between the susceptibility of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) cells to DNA damage-induced apoptosis, the kinetics of DNA strand-break rejoining, and chromosome damage after exposure to ionizing irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lymphocytes from @entity1072 @entity1 were gamma-irradiated in vitro with 0.2-5 Gy and stimulated by @entity794 cowan I (SAC I) for estimation of chromosomal damage. Induction of apoptosis after irradiation was studied in 50 @entity1 by two methods: morphological characterization of apoptotic cells after fluorescent staining (Hoechst), and specific quantification of mono- and oligonucleosomes in cytoplasmic cell fractions (ELISA assay). Morphological chromosome damage was scored in the first cell generation after irradiation (13 @entity1 ). In parallel, the kinetics of DNA single-strand break rejoining were investigated by the alkaline comet assay (12 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Ionizing irradiation did not induce apoptosis in lymphocytes from a subset of @entity1072 @entity1 . The results suggest that @entity1072 cells resistant to radiation-induced apoptosis could repair DNA strand-breaks more rapidly and showed a higher level of chromosome aberrations than radiation-sensitive @entity1072 cells. CONCLUSION: Each of three biological effects observed (apoptosis, kinetics of DNA single-strand-break repair, chromosomal damage) might be explained by different modifications occurring in irradiated @entity1072 cells. Their convergence strongly suggests that resistance to apoptotic death initiation by DNA damage may be impeded by a rapid engaging of the DNA repair mechanisms. The higher level of chromosome aberrations observed in these cells suggests that the type of DNA repair system involved may generate inaccurate repair.

title: High levels of chromosome aberrations correlate with impaired in vitro radiation-induced apoptosis and DNA repair in XXXX B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-CLL', 'B-chronic lymphoid leukaemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In the early days of video-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy (VLC), @entity28 was considered a contraindication for the procedure. We reviewed charts from 304 @entity1 undergoing VLC; 90 @entity1 were @entity28 , and among these, according to a classification currently used by medical nutritionists and based on BMI, 45 were overweight (BMI > or = 25 < or = 29.9), 27 were considered conventionally @entity28 (BMI > or = 30 and < 40) and 18 morbidly @entity28 (BMI > or = 40). In this study we considered only the morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (5 males and 13 females). The average age was 42.3 years (range: 21-65) and the average weight 275 Ib (range: 186-331 Ib). Six @entity1 had previously undergone abdominal surgery. All @entity1 were symptomatic for @entity5990 , and 5 of them were suffering from acute @entity2679 . Mean operative time was 20 minutes (range: 10-45 minutes) longer than that of @entity28 @entity1 . No open conversion was necessary. No major postoperative morbidity and no cases of mortality occurred. The mean hospital stay and resumption of normal diet were similar to those of @entity28 @entity1 . Regardless of the higher postoperative risks after open cholecystectomy in @entity28 @entity1 ( @entity358 , @entity1031 , wound @entity281 and @entity65 ), we suggest VLC as the procedure of choice for cholecystectomy in these @entity1 .

title: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the morbidly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) is believed to play an important role in cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury. @entity1827 is synthesized from preproET-1 by the action of @entity1828 ( @entity1828 ). It is unclear to what extent the ET system is activated following prolonged ischaemia. In this study we used a model mimicking the conditions of the donor heart during transplantation. Isolated @entity35 hearts perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer were subjected to 30 min of normothermic perfusion, then 4 h of @entity1167 at 4 degrees C with St Thomas' Hospital solution, followed by reperfusion for 2 h. Hearts were freeze-clamped at different time points during the protocol. Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, relative levels of @entity70578 mRNA expression were measured and compared with a housekeeping gene ( @entity37909 ). During reperfusion there was a consistent decrease in coronary flow to approx. 85-90% of pre-ischaemic flow. There was no significant alteration in preproET-1 mRNA expression during 2 h of reperfusion. However, @entity1828 mRNA expression was increased by 77.5% at 1 h and by 74.6% at 2 h following ischaemia compared with pre-ischaemic values (P<0.05). Thus we conclude that @entity1828 mRNA expression is increased following prolonged hypothermic @entity1167 . Elevations in the expression of this enzyme may help to explain the role of the ET system in the pathogenesis of ischaemia/reperfusion injury following cardiac surgery and transplantation.

title: Up-regulation of endothelin-converting-enzyme mRNA expression following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardioplegic arrest']


abstract: The @entity3633 binding proteins (pebps) are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins recently implicated in mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway regulation, where they are called raf kinase inhibitory proteins. Here, we describe the cloning, cellular localization, and partial characterization of a new member, pebp-2, with potential roles in male fertility. Expression data show that pebp-2 is a testis-specific 21-kDa protein found within late meiotic and haploid germ cells in a stage-specific pattern that is temporally distinct from that of @entity3218 . Sequence analyses suggest that pebp-2 forms a distinct subset of the pebp family within mammals. Database analyses revealed the existence of a third subset. Analysis suggests that the specificity/regulation of the distinct pebps subsets is likely to be determined by the @entity1472 terminal 40 @entity1522 or the 3' untranslated region, where the majority of sequence differences occur. Protein homology modeling suggests that pebp-2 protein is, however, topologically similar to other pebps and composed of Greek key fold motifs, a dominant beta-sheet formed from five anti-parallel beta strands forming a shallow groove associated with a putative @entity3633 binding site. The pebp-2 gene is intronless and data suggest that it is a retrogene derived from @entity3218 . Further, pebp-2 colocalizes with members of the MAP kinase pathway in late spermatocytes and spermatids and on the midpiece of epididymal sperm. These data raise the possibility that pebp-2 is a novel @entity1 in the MAP kinase signaling pathway, with a role in spermatogenesis or posttesticular sperm maturation.

title: Identification of a novel testis-specific member of the XXXX binding protein family, pebp-2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

answer: @entity3633 :: (MESH:C483858,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Following the emergence of @entity114 and @entity5898 resistant @entity2506 in the United States, inclusion of @entity2176 in empiric therapy for all suspected @entity4008 was recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Few data are available to evaluate this policy. AIMS: To examine the management and clinical course in relation to antibiotic therapy of a large unselected cohort of @entity1 with @entity2506 in a geographic area where antibiotic resistance has recently increased. METHODS: Retrospective review of all cases of @entity2506 in a defined population (Sydney, Australia), 1994-99. RESULTS: A total of 104 cases without predisposing illnesses were identified; timing of lumbar puncture (LP) was known in 103. Resistance to @entity114 increased from 0 to 20% over the study period. Only 57 (55%) had an early LP (prior to parenteral antibiotics); 55 (96%) had organisms on Gram stain. Severe disease (intensive care admission or death) increased significantly from 57 cases with early LP (28%) to 33 with delayed LP (42%) to 13 with no LP (62%). Evidence of @entity7706 was available within 24 hours in 85% of those with delayed or no LP. Outcome was not related to empiric @entity2176 use, which increased from 5% prior to 1998 to 48% in 1999. CONCLUSION: LP is frequently delayed in @entity2506 . Based on disease severity, empiric @entity2176 is most justified when LP is deferred. If an early LP is done, @entity2176 can be withheld if Gram positive diplococci are not seen.

title: The emergence of resistant XXXX --implications for empiric therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']

answer: @entity2506 :: (MESH:D008586,Disease) :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A retrospective clinical analysis of @entity816 which contained a significant proportion of gemistocytes was carried out in order to evaluate their effect on prognosis, and other factors influencing prognosis. METHOD: From 253 consecutive cases of @entity5 in adults, 25 were selected who had more than 20% gemistocytes in every high-power field examined. 9 of these had @entity4575 , the remainder did not. They were divided into two groups according to the proportion of gemistocytes; group A, contained more than 60% gemistocytes, and group B, had between 20 and 60% gemistocytes. TUNEL and immunohistochemical staining for PCNA, @entity876 , Ki-67, @entity588 were performed in the 20 available cases. FINDINGS: The median follow-up period was 46 months. There were 14 recurrences, with a median time to recurrence of 15 months. Thirteen repeat operations were performed in nine cases, and two cases showed recurring malignant transformation. The overall median survival time following diagnosis was 73 months and the 5-year survival rate was 52%. There were no significant differences in median survival between groups A and B with different proportions of gemistocytes. On the other hand the median survival of the @entity816 with @entity4575 was 25 months, compared with 158 months for those without @entity4575 (p=0.0005). The significant impact of @entity4575 on survival persisted in both groups. There were no significant differences in immunohistochemical staining between the two groups, with the exception of staining for Ki-67 (means of the two groups: group A 1.40; group B 2.50). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the proportion of gemistocytes does not itself affect prognosis.

title: The significance of gemistocytes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytic tumours']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['gemistocytic astrocytomas', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity4575 :: ('MESH:D000708', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasia']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytoma']


abstract: Mechanical load regulates ventricular growth, function, and structure from the earliest stages of cardiac morphogenesis through senescence. Dramatic changes in cardiac form and function have been defined for developing @entity65 , and changes in mechanical loading conditions can produce structural malformations such as @entity1699 . To date, relatively little is known regarding the interactions between changes in mechanical load, morphogenesis, and the material properties of the embryonic heart. We tested the hypothesis that passive material properties in the embryonic heart change in response to altered mechanical load and that microtubules play an important role in this adaptive response. We measured biaxial passive stress-strain relations in left ventricular (LV) @entity296 in @entity1573 embryos at Hamburger-Hamilton stage 27 following left atrial ligation (LAL) at stage 21 to reduce LV volume load and create @entity1699 . Following LAL, myocardial stresses at given strains and circumferential stiffness increased versus control strips. Western blot analysis of LAL embryos showed an increase in both total and polymerized beta-tubulin and confocal microscopy confirmed an increase in microtubule density in the LV compact layer versus control. Following @entity3812 treatment, LV stresses and stiffness normalized in LAL specimens and microtubule density following @entity3812 was similar in LAL to control. In contrast, @entity1311 treatment increased myocardial stresses and stiffness in control strips to levels beyond LAL specimens. Thus, the material properties of the developing myocardium are regulated by mechanical load and microtubules play a role in this adaptive response during cardiac morphogenesis.

title: Microtubule involvement in the adaptation to altered mechanical load in developing XXXX myocardium.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial strips']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['left heart hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular systems']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: The @entity3449 angiotensin system plays an important role in growth and development. Exposure of the neonate to an @entity1811 inhibitor increases mortality and results in @entity851 and abnormal development. We have demonstrated that @entity1811 inhibition in the developing kidney increases apoptosis and decreases cell proliferation, which may account for @entity8 . To evaluate the role of endogenous angiotensin in cardiac development, the relationship between @entity1811 inhibition, cell proliferation, apoptosis, several modulators of apoptosis ( @entity1976 , @entity5613 , and clusterin) was examined in the developing @entity35 heart. Thirty-five newborn @entity35 pups were treated with @entity4688 (30 mg/kg/d) or a vehicle (control group) for 7 d, and hearts were removed for rt-PCR and Western blotting of @entity1976 , @entity5613 , and clusterin. An additional 10 @entity35 pups were treated with @entity2514 (10 mg/kg/d) or a vehicle, to serve as a @entity551 control. Cell proliferation was determined by @entity1975 immunostaining, and apoptosis was detected using the total TUNEL technique. @entity4688 treatment resulted in a 24% mortality, reduced body weight, and decreased heart weight (p < 0.05). @entity4688 decreased proliferating myocytes by 23%, and reduced proliferating cardiac interstitial cells by 8.1% (p < 0.05). @entity4688 also decreased myocytes apoptosis by 60%, but the proportion of myocytes undergoing apoptosis was 10-fold less than that of proliferating cells. Cardiac @entity1976 mRNA, clusterin mRNA, @entity1976 protein, and @entity5613 protein content were not changed, but clusterin protein expression was decreased by @entity4688 treatment. @entity2514 did not alter cardiac cell proliferation or apoptosis. We conclude that @entity1811 inhibition decreases cell turnover in the developing @entity35 heart, which may contribute to @entity299 . The loss of myocytes may lead to greater myocyte @entity1184 and @entity296 during later life.

title: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition decreases cell turnover in the neonatal XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal growth impairment']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['Enalapril', 'enalapril']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine', 'Hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac growth impairment']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To update the analysis of technical and biologic factors related to hepatic resection for colorectal @entity3 in a large single-institution series to identify important prognostic indicators and patterns of failure. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Surgical therapy for @entity14 metastatic to the liver is the only potentially curable treatment. Careful @entity1 selection of those with resectable liver-only metastatic disease is crucial to the success of surgical therapy. METHODS: Two hundred forty-four consecutive @entity1 undergoing curative hepatic resection for metastatic @entity14 were analyzed retrospectively. Variables examined included sex, stage of @entity75 , size of @entity409 (s), number of lesions, disease-free interval, ploidy, differentiation, preoperative @entity787 level, and operative factors such as resection margin, use of cryotherapy, intraoperative ultrasound, and @entity190 . RESULTS: Surgical margin, number of lesions, and @entity787 ( @entity787 ) levels significantly control prognosis. @entity1 with only one or two liver lesions, a 1-cm surgical margin, and low @entity787 levels have a 5-year disease-free survival rate of more than 30%. Disease-free interval, original stage, bilobar involvement, size of @entity3 , differentiation, and ploidy were not significant predictors of recurrence. The pattern of failure correlates with surgical margin. Routine use of intraoperative ultrasound resulted in an increased incidence of negative surgical margin during the period examined. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection or cryotherapy of hepatic @entity3 from @entity14 is safe and curable in appropriately selected @entity1 . Biologic factors, such as number of lesions and @entity787 levels, determine potential curability, and surgical margin governs the patterns of failure and outcome in potentially curable @entity1 . Optimization of selection criteria and surgical resection margins will improve outcome.

title: Surgical margin in hepatic resection for colorectal XXXX : a critical and improvable determinant of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesion']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to ascertain family dynamics of Finnish @entity1 with severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) on the basis of Barnhill's framework for healthy family functioning. DESIGN AND METHOD: This study used description and comparison and an interview-administered questionnaire and survey. SAMPLE: @entity1 were @entity1 with @entity1030 and their family members (n = 65) living in the Tampere University Hospital catchment area. The sample consisted of families of home @entity26 therapy @entity1 (n = 36) and families of inpatients (n = 29). Families consisted of @entity1 and their family members. INSTRUMENTS: Data were collected from @entity1 by interview-administered questionnaires and from family members by survey. The instrument used was the Family Dynamics Measure 2, operationalized and tested by the American Family Research Group. RESULTS: Families of home @entity26 therapy @entity1 experienced significantly more mutuality (P =.03) and made decisions about their illness and life significantly more independently (P =.05) than families of inpatients. Families of home @entity26 therapy @entity1 handled change significantly more flexibly (P =.03) than families of inpatients. DISCUSSION: For the most part, families of both @entity1 groups functioned well, but overall family functioning was clearly better in families of home @entity26 therapy @entity1 . The sample included some @entity409 and even severely @entity409 families. The results of this study cannot be generalized beyond the study sample because of the small sample size, but they provide suggestions for developing the care of @entity1 with @entity1030 and their families.

title: Impact of XXXX on family functioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunctional']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5967 is an unusual pathogen in adults who are not pregnant. @entity5967 @entity884 is a poorly defined entity because it is uncommon; in contrast to other @entity883 , it bears a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to define its clinical, prognostic, and therapeutic profile on the basis of a series of 9 consecutive @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective and multicenter study of @entity1 with @entity166 in which 310 episodes were included. RESULTS: @entity5967 grew in 9 @entity1 (3%) who had no valve prosthesis. All @entity1 except 1 had underlying diseases, and all @entity1 had serious complications; the most common complications were major emboli, @entity712 , and shock. The valve affected was the mitral valve in 4 @entity1 , the aortic valve in 2 @entity1 , both the mitral and aortic valves in 2 @entity1 , and the tricuspid valve in 1 @entity1 . All episodes were on native valves. @entity47 tended to be large (maximal diameter >10 mm in all @entity1 ), very mobile, and pedunculated. An abscess was found in 2 @entity1 , and a perforation of the valve developed in 3 @entity1 . Five @entity1 died (mortality rate, 56%), 3 of whom had received antibiotic therapy alone. The 4 @entity1 who survived underwent combined medical-surgical therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity5967 @entity340 is @entity146 , and early surgery should be considered to prevent the destruction of valves and development of serious complications.

title: Clinical profile of @entity5967 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae', 'S agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['very aggressive']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['Vegetations']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['native valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['native valve endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5967 is an unusual pathogen in adults who are not pregnant. @entity5967 @entity884 is a poorly defined entity because it is uncommon; in contrast to other @entity883 , it bears a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to define its clinical, prognostic, and therapeutic profile on the basis of a series of 9 consecutive @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective and multicenter study of @entity1 with @entity166 in which 310 episodes were included. RESULTS: @entity5967 grew in 9 @entity1 (3%) who had no valve prosthesis. All @entity1 except 1 had underlying diseases, and all @entity1 had serious complications; the most common complications were major emboli, @entity712 , and shock. The valve affected was the mitral valve in 4 @entity1 , the aortic valve in 2 @entity1 , both the mitral and aortic valves in 2 @entity1 , and the tricuspid valve in 1 @entity1 . All episodes were on native valves. @entity47 tended to be large (maximal diameter >10 mm in all @entity1 ), very mobile, and pedunculated. An abscess was found in 2 @entity1 , and a perforation of the valve developed in 3 @entity1 . Five @entity1 died (mortality rate, 56%), 3 of whom had received antibiotic therapy alone. The 4 @entity1 who survived underwent combined medical-surgical therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity5967 @entity340 is @entity146 , and early surgery should be considered to prevent the destruction of valves and development of serious complications.

title: Clinical profile of XXXX @entity340 .

answer: @entity5967 :: (1311,Species) :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study concerned sensory processing (post-stimulus late evoked potential components) in different parts of the @entity1 brain as related to a motor task (hand movement) in a cognitive paradigm (Contingent Negative Variation). The focus of the study was on the time and space distribution of middle and late post-stimulus evoked potential (EP) components, and on the processing of sensory information in the subcortical-cortical networks. METHODS: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) recordings of the contingent negative variation ( @entity471 ) in an @entity227 with a motor task were taken from 30 @entity1 (27 @entity1 with drug-resistant @entity302 ; 3 @entity1 with chronic @entity158 ). The intracerebral recordings were taken from 337 cortical sites (primary sensorimotor area ( @entity895 ); supplementary motor area ( @entity11280 ); the cingulate gyrus; the orbitofrontal, premotor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices; the temporal cortex, including the amygdalohippocampal complex; the @entity1315 ) and from subcortical structures (the basal ganglia and the posterior thalamus). The concurrent scalp recordings were obtained from 3 @entity1 in the thalamic group. In 4 @entity1 in the @entity302 group, scalp recordings were taken separately from the SEEG procedure. The middle and long latency evoked potentials following an auditory warning (S1) and a visual imperative (S2) stimuli were analyzed. The occurrences of EPs were studied in two time windows (200-300 ms; and over 300 ms) following S1 and S2. RESULTS: Following S1, a high frequency of EP with latencies over 200 ms was observed in the primary sensorimotor area, the supplementary motor area, the premotor cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, the cingulate gyrus, some parts of the temporal lobe, the basal ganglia, the insula, and the posterior thalamus. Following S2, a high frequency of EP in both of the time windows over 200 ms was observed in the @entity895 , the @entity11280 , the premotor and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the orbitofrontal cortex, the cingulate gyrus, the basal ganglia, the posterior thalamus, and in some parts of the temporal cortex. The concurrent scalp recordings in the thalamic group of @entity1 twice revealed potentials peaking approximately at 215 ms following S1. Following S2, EP occurred with latencies of 215 and 310 ms, respectively. Following S1, separate scalp recordings in 4 @entity1 in the @entity302 group displayed EP 3 times in the 'over 300 ms' time window. Following S2, EP were presented once in the '200-300 ms' time window and 3 times in the 'over 300 ms' time window. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity895 , the @entity11280 , multiple sites of the frontal lobe, some parts of the temporal lobe, the cingulate gyrus, the basal ganglia, the insula, and the posterior thalamus all participate in a cortico-subcortical network that is important for the parallel cognitive processing of sensory information in a movement related task.

title: Cortical and subcortical distribution of middle and long latency auditory and visual evoked potentials in a cognitive ( XXXX ) paradigm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['audio-visual paradigm']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['parietooccipital lobes; and the insula']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic pain']

answer: @entity471 :: (12143,Species) :: ['CNV']


abstract: Joint destruction, as evidenced by radiographic findings, is a significant problem for @entity1 suffering from @entity309 and @entity5144 . Inherently irreversible and frequently progressive, the process of @entity16 begins at and even before the clinical onset of disease. However, @entity5144 are heterogeneous in nature and not all @entity1 progress to @entity16 . It is therefore important to identify @entity1 susceptible to joint destruction in order to initiate more aggressive treatment as soon as possible and thereby potentially prevent irreversible @entity16 . At the same time, the high cost and potential side effects associated with aggressive treatment mean it is also important not to over treat @entity1 and especially those who, even if left untreated, would not progress to joint destruction. It is therefore clear that a protein biomarker signature that could predict @entity16 at an early stage would support more informed clinical decisions on the most appropriate treatment regimens for individual @entity1 . Although many candidate biomarkers for @entity309 have been reported in the literature, relatively few have reached clinical use and as a consequence the number of prognostic biomarkers used in rheumatology has remained relatively static for several years. It has become evident that a significant challenge in the transition of biomarker candidates to clinical diagnostic assays lies in the development of suitably robust biomarker assays, especially multiplexed assays, and their clinical validation in appropriate @entity1 sample cohorts. Recent developments in mass spectrometry-based targeted quantitative protein measurements have transformed our ability to rapidly develop multiplexed protein biomarker assays. These advances are likely to have a significant impact on the validation of biomarkers in the future. In this review, we have comprehensively compiled a list of candidate biomarkers in @entity309 , evaluated the evidence for their potential as biomarkers of @entity79 , and outlined how mass spectrometry-based targeted and multiplexed measurement of candidate biomarker proteins is likely to accelerate their clinical validation and the development of clinical diagnostic tests.

title: Early biomarkers of XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis', 'rheumatoid and psoriatic arthropathies']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone (joint) damage']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['joint damage']


abstract: Joint destruction, as evidenced by radiographic findings, is a significant problem for @entity1 suffering from @entity309 and @entity5144 . Inherently irreversible and frequently progressive, the process of @entity16 begins at and even before the clinical onset of disease. However, @entity5144 are heterogeneous in nature and not all @entity1 progress to @entity16 . It is therefore important to identify @entity1 susceptible to joint destruction in order to initiate more aggressive treatment as soon as possible and thereby potentially prevent irreversible @entity16 . At the same time, the high cost and potential side effects associated with aggressive treatment mean it is also important not to over treat @entity1 and especially those who, even if left untreated, would not progress to joint destruction. It is therefore clear that a protein biomarker signature that could predict @entity16 at an early stage would support more informed clinical decisions on the most appropriate treatment regimens for individual @entity1 . Although many candidate biomarkers for @entity309 have been reported in the literature, relatively few have reached clinical use and as a consequence the number of prognostic biomarkers used in rheumatology has remained relatively static for several years. It has become evident that a significant challenge in the transition of biomarker candidates to clinical diagnostic assays lies in the development of suitably robust biomarker assays, especially multiplexed assays, and their clinical validation in appropriate @entity1 sample cohorts. Recent developments in mass spectrometry-based targeted quantitative protein measurements have transformed our ability to rapidly develop multiplexed protein biomarker assays. These advances are likely to have a significant impact on the validation of biomarkers in the future. In this review, we have comprehensively compiled a list of candidate biomarkers in @entity309 , evaluated the evidence for their potential as biomarkers of @entity79 , and outlined how mass spectrometry-based targeted and multiplexed measurement of candidate biomarker proteins is likely to accelerate their clinical validation and the development of clinical diagnostic tests.

title: Early biomarkers of @entity16 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: A previously published study demonstrated a pharmacogenetic association between the minor alleles of 2 @entity319 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and greater improvement in visual acuity (VA) to treatment with ranibizumab, an @entity7 ( @entity7 ) drug, in @entity1 with neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). We evaluated whether this association was replicated among @entity1 who participated in the Comparison of @entity1020 Treatments Trials (CATT) or the Alternative Treatments to Inhibit @entity7 in @entity1 with Age-Related @entity3193 (IVAN) trial. DESIGN: Cohort studies within randomized clinical trials. @entity1 : Eight hundred thirty-five @entity1 participating in CATT and 512 @entity1 participating in IVAN. METHODS: Each @entity1 was genotyped for the SNPs @entity68087 and @entity70579 in the @entity319 gene. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Mean change in VA from baseline to 1 year after initiation of treatment with ranibizumab or bevacizumab. Differences in VA response between the @entity1 group homozygous for the minor allele of each SNP and the other genotype groups were evaluated with analysis of variance. Differences in VA response by the number of minor alleles present for either SNP or both combined were evaluated with tests of linear trend. Analyses were conducted separately for CATT and IVAN @entity1 and with both the studies combined. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in mean change in VA was identified between genotypes of either SNP (P >=  0.05). Furthermore, a stepwise analysis failed to show a significant interaction for either SNP based on the number of minor alleles present. The lack of association was similar in both the CATT and IVAN cohorts and whether the analysis combined @entity1 treated with either ranibizumab or bevacizumab or when restricted to @entity1 treated with ranibizumab only. CONCLUSIONS: The CATT and IVAN data do not support a pharmacogenetic association between the 2  @entity319 SNPs, @entity68087 and @entity70579 , and change in VA in response to anti- @entity7 therapy in @entity1 with @entity1020 .

title: @entity319 Gene Polymorphisms and Response to Anti- XXXX Therapy in Age-Related @entity1020 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'anti-vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['Choroidal Neovascularisation']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'neovascular AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: A previously published study demonstrated a pharmacogenetic association between the minor alleles of 2 @entity319 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and greater improvement in visual acuity (VA) to treatment with ranibizumab, an @entity7 ( @entity7 ) drug, in @entity1 with neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). We evaluated whether this association was replicated among @entity1 who participated in the Comparison of @entity1020 Treatments Trials (CATT) or the Alternative Treatments to Inhibit @entity7 in @entity1 with Age-Related @entity3193 (IVAN) trial. DESIGN: Cohort studies within randomized clinical trials. @entity1 : Eight hundred thirty-five @entity1 participating in CATT and 512 @entity1 participating in IVAN. METHODS: Each @entity1 was genotyped for the SNPs @entity68087 and @entity70579 in the @entity319 gene. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Mean change in VA from baseline to 1 year after initiation of treatment with ranibizumab or bevacizumab. Differences in VA response between the @entity1 group homozygous for the minor allele of each SNP and the other genotype groups were evaluated with analysis of variance. Differences in VA response by the number of minor alleles present for either SNP or both combined were evaluated with tests of linear trend. Analyses were conducted separately for CATT and IVAN @entity1 and with both the studies combined. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in mean change in VA was identified between genotypes of either SNP (P >=  0.05). Furthermore, a stepwise analysis failed to show a significant interaction for either SNP based on the number of minor alleles present. The lack of association was similar in both the CATT and IVAN cohorts and whether the analysis combined @entity1 treated with either ranibizumab or bevacizumab or when restricted to @entity1 treated with ranibizumab only. CONCLUSIONS: The CATT and IVAN data do not support a pharmacogenetic association between the 2  @entity319 SNPs, @entity68087 and @entity70579 , and change in VA in response to anti- @entity7 therapy in @entity1 with @entity1020 .

title: XXXX Gene Polymorphisms and Response to Anti- @entity7 Therapy in Age-Related @entity1020 .

answer: @entity319 :: (3791,Gene) :: ['VEGFR2']


abstract: PURPOSE: A previously published study demonstrated a pharmacogenetic association between the minor alleles of 2 @entity319 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and greater improvement in visual acuity (VA) to treatment with ranibizumab, an @entity7 ( @entity7 ) drug, in @entity1 with neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). We evaluated whether this association was replicated among @entity1 who participated in the Comparison of @entity1020 Treatments Trials (CATT) or the Alternative Treatments to Inhibit @entity7 in @entity1 with Age-Related @entity3193 (IVAN) trial. DESIGN: Cohort studies within randomized clinical trials. @entity1 : Eight hundred thirty-five @entity1 participating in CATT and 512 @entity1 participating in IVAN. METHODS: Each @entity1 was genotyped for the SNPs @entity68087 and @entity70579 in the @entity319 gene. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Mean change in VA from baseline to 1 year after initiation of treatment with ranibizumab or bevacizumab. Differences in VA response between the @entity1 group homozygous for the minor allele of each SNP and the other genotype groups were evaluated with analysis of variance. Differences in VA response by the number of minor alleles present for either SNP or both combined were evaluated with tests of linear trend. Analyses were conducted separately for CATT and IVAN @entity1 and with both the studies combined. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference in mean change in VA was identified between genotypes of either SNP (P >=  0.05). Furthermore, a stepwise analysis failed to show a significant interaction for either SNP based on the number of minor alleles present. The lack of association was similar in both the CATT and IVAN cohorts and whether the analysis combined @entity1 treated with either ranibizumab or bevacizumab or when restricted to @entity1 treated with ranibizumab only. CONCLUSIONS: The CATT and IVAN data do not support a pharmacogenetic association between the 2  @entity319 SNPs, @entity68087 and @entity70579 , and change in VA in response to anti- @entity7 therapy in @entity1 with @entity1020 .

title: @entity319 Gene Polymorphisms and Response to Anti- @entity7 Therapy in Age-Related XXXX .

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['Macular Degeneration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ) goes into effect this year and it links the quality of care to payments for care. Starting in fiscal year 2013, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services reduces all inpatient prospective payment system reimbursements by 1%. This money then can be returned to hospitals in the form of a bonus through @entity1297 . @entity1297 holds hospitals accountable for both cost and quality. With @entity1297 , hospitals get a score that is based on the process of care, the outcomes, and @entity1 -centeredness. This means that reimbursements in health care, which keep hospitals in business, are transitioning from "volume of services" to @entity1297 . Although @entity1297 sounds like a great idea, particularly to politicians in Washington tasked with managing out-of-control health care expenditures, there is very little high-quality evidence that @entity1297 will actually improve care. Nevertheless, this is the way we are going to be moving forward. The perception of @entity158 is a highly personalized phenomenon, and @entity1118 affects every aspect of a @entity1 's life. The biopsychosocial model and the concept of utilizing an interdisciplinary team approach in the management of @entity1118 make sense, but there are concerns that it could result in higher overall costs and no measurable improvements in the @entity1 's perception of care. Both results. could have a negative impact on @entity158 specialists.

title: New care measures and their impact on XXXX medicine: One @entity158 specialist's perspective.

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['VBP', 'Value-based purchasing']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ) goes into effect this year and it links the quality of care to payments for care. Starting in fiscal year 2013, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services reduces all inpatient prospective payment system reimbursements by 1%. This money then can be returned to hospitals in the form of a bonus through @entity1297 . @entity1297 holds hospitals accountable for both cost and quality. With @entity1297 , hospitals get a score that is based on the process of care, the outcomes, and @entity1 -centeredness. This means that reimbursements in health care, which keep hospitals in business, are transitioning from "volume of services" to @entity1297 . Although @entity1297 sounds like a great idea, particularly to politicians in Washington tasked with managing out-of-control health care expenditures, there is very little high-quality evidence that @entity1297 will actually improve care. Nevertheless, this is the way we are going to be moving forward. The perception of @entity158 is a highly personalized phenomenon, and @entity1118 affects every aspect of a @entity1 's life. The biopsychosocial model and the concept of utilizing an interdisciplinary team approach in the management of @entity1118 make sense, but there are concerns that it could result in higher overall costs and no measurable improvements in the @entity1 's perception of care. Both results. could have a negative impact on @entity158 specialists.

title: New care measures and their impact on @entity158 medicine: One XXXX specialist's perspective.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To measure @entity64 victims' self rated health (SRH) status and SRH transition, and to compare how the two are prospectively associated with disability and recurrence free survival. DESIGN: Prospective case registry study with face to face follow up interviews at three months, one, two, and three years. Ascertained were SRH status and SRH transition using single question assessments, Barthel Index (BI), Frenchay Activities Index (FAI), and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). SETTING: A multiethnic inner city population of 234 533. @entity1 : @entity1 surviving the initial three months after a first in a lifetime @entity64 in 1995 to 1998. RESULTS: Of 690 @entity64 survivors 561 (81.3%) could complete the self report items. Answers to the item on SRH status did not vary significantly between the four follow up interviews. However, responses to the item on SRH transition changed significantly during follow up with three months ratings being more negative than all subsequent ratings. SRH transition, but not SRH status, showed a prospective association with long term outcome in multivariate analyses controlling for the BI, FAI, and MMSE. Compared with all other @entity1 , @entity1 reporting "Much worse health" at three months were more likely to be disabled ( = BI<20) at one year (OR 6.29, 95% CI 2.26 to 17.52) and their combined risk of @entity64 recurrence and @entity204 was increased over five years (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.38). CONCLUSIONS: Items on SRH should be used with caution in populations with high rates of disability and language problems, as many @entity1 are unable to complete them. SRH transition may be a better predictor of disability and recurrence free survival after major medical events than SRH status.

title: Self ratings of health predict functional outcome and recurrence free survival after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity28 is associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance underlies a constellation of adverse metabolic and physiological changes (the @entity1720 ) which is a strong risk factor for development of @entity164 2 @entity6 and CHD. The present article discusses how accumulation of @entity1674 in adipocytes can lead to deterioration of the responsiveness of @entity413 metabolism in other tissues. @entity6562 , lack of adipose tissue, is also associated with insulin resistance. Any plausible explanation for the link between excess adipose tissue and insulin resistance needs to be able to account for this observation. Adipose tissue in @entity28 becomes refractory to suppression of fat mobilization by insulin, and also to the normal acute stimulatory effect of insulin on activation of lipoprotein lipase (involved in fat storage). The net effect is as though adipocytes are 'full up' and resisting further fat storage. Thus, in the postprandial period especially, there is an excess flux of circulating lipid metabolites that would normally have been 'absorbed' by adipose tissue. This situation leads to fat deposition in other tissues. Accumulation of @entity1674 in skeletal muscles and in liver is associated with insulin resistance. In @entity6562 there is insufficient adipose tissue to absorb the postprandial influx of @entity1718 , so these @entity1718 will again be directed to other tissues. This view of the link between adipose tissue and insulin resistance emphasises the important role of adipose tissue in 'buffering' the daily influx of dietary fat entering the circulation and preventing excessive exposure of other tissues to this influx.

title: Adipose tissue and the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6562 :: ('MESH:D008060', 'Disease') :: ['Lipodystrophy', 'lipodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin resistance syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1720 :: (MESH:D007333,Disease) :: ['insulin resistance syndrome']


abstract: Osteogenic properties of bone cells are a key parameter governing osseointegration of implant devices. In this context, osteoblasts have a central role via extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling that they regulate through different protease activity. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): @entity1476 (72 kDa) and @entity1495 (92 kDa) and their specific tissue inhibitors @entity2843 and @entity1552 in primary @entity1 osteoblastic cells. The effect of @entity702 , @entity10678 , and @entity5383 ceramics on the synthesis of these proteases was assessed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and zymographic analysis. Our results showed that osteoblasts express @entity5379 mRNA. Furthermore, @entity1476 mRNA expression was decreased by @entity702 and increased by @entity5383 whereas @entity10678 did not have any significant effect. Conversely, @entity1495 mRNA expression was stimulated by @entity702 but decreased with @entity10678 , whereas @entity5383 induced no significant changes. Zymographic analysis has evidenced pro- @entity1476 gelatinolytic activity in all cell populations with time-dependent increase profile; pro- @entity1495 , however, was not detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data confirmed the production of @entity1476 and very low levels of @entity1495 . In addition, @entity2843 was secreted in 24-h-cultured cells and increased to maximal level at 48-72 h whereas @entity1552 levels were very low. The interactions between @entity1 osteoblasts and the studied biomaterials altered both @entity5379 and @entity2843 expression indicating that biomaterials may influence @entity79 .

title: Matrix metalloproteinases @entity5379 and tissue inhibitors TIMP-1, -2 expression and secretion by primary @entity1 osteoblast cells in response to @entity702 , XXXX , and @entity5383 ceramics.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osseointegration and bone remodeling']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity10678 :: (MESH:C028541,Chemical) :: ['zirconia']


abstract: Osteogenic properties of bone cells are a key parameter governing osseointegration of implant devices. In this context, osteoblasts have a central role via extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling that they regulate through different protease activity. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): @entity1476 (72 kDa) and @entity1495 (92 kDa) and their specific tissue inhibitors @entity2843 and @entity1552 in primary @entity1 osteoblastic cells. The effect of @entity702 , @entity10678 , and @entity5383 ceramics on the synthesis of these proteases was assessed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and zymographic analysis. Our results showed that osteoblasts express @entity5379 mRNA. Furthermore, @entity1476 mRNA expression was decreased by @entity702 and increased by @entity5383 whereas @entity10678 did not have any significant effect. Conversely, @entity1495 mRNA expression was stimulated by @entity702 but decreased with @entity10678 , whereas @entity5383 induced no significant changes. Zymographic analysis has evidenced pro- @entity1476 gelatinolytic activity in all cell populations with time-dependent increase profile; pro- @entity1495 , however, was not detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data confirmed the production of @entity1476 and very low levels of @entity1495 . In addition, @entity2843 was secreted in 24-h-cultured cells and increased to maximal level at 48-72 h whereas @entity1552 levels were very low. The interactions between @entity1 osteoblasts and the studied biomaterials altered both @entity5379 and @entity2843 expression indicating that biomaterials may influence @entity79 .

title: Matrix metalloproteinases @entity5379 and tissue inhibitors TIMP-1, -2 expression and secretion by primary @entity1 osteoblast cells in response to XXXX , @entity10678 , and @entity5383 ceramics.

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: Osteogenic properties of bone cells are a key parameter governing osseointegration of implant devices. In this context, osteoblasts have a central role via extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling that they regulate through different protease activity. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): @entity1476 (72 kDa) and @entity1495 (92 kDa) and their specific tissue inhibitors @entity2843 and @entity1552 in primary @entity1 osteoblastic cells. The effect of @entity702 , @entity10678 , and @entity5383 ceramics on the synthesis of these proteases was assessed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and zymographic analysis. Our results showed that osteoblasts express @entity5379 mRNA. Furthermore, @entity1476 mRNA expression was decreased by @entity702 and increased by @entity5383 whereas @entity10678 did not have any significant effect. Conversely, @entity1495 mRNA expression was stimulated by @entity702 but decreased with @entity10678 , whereas @entity5383 induced no significant changes. Zymographic analysis has evidenced pro- @entity1476 gelatinolytic activity in all cell populations with time-dependent increase profile; pro- @entity1495 , however, was not detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data confirmed the production of @entity1476 and very low levels of @entity1495 . In addition, @entity2843 was secreted in 24-h-cultured cells and increased to maximal level at 48-72 h whereas @entity1552 levels were very low. The interactions between @entity1 osteoblasts and the studied biomaterials altered both @entity5379 and @entity2843 expression indicating that biomaterials may influence @entity79 .

title: Matrix metalloproteinases XXXX and tissue inhibitors TIMP-1, -2 expression and secretion by primary @entity1 osteoblast cells in response to @entity702 , @entity10678 , and @entity5383 ceramics.

answer: @entity5379 :: (4313;4318,Gene) :: ['MMP-2, -9']


abstract: Osteogenic properties of bone cells are a key parameter governing osseointegration of implant devices. In this context, osteoblasts have a central role via extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling that they regulate through different protease activity. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): @entity1476 (72 kDa) and @entity1495 (92 kDa) and their specific tissue inhibitors @entity2843 and @entity1552 in primary @entity1 osteoblastic cells. The effect of @entity702 , @entity10678 , and @entity5383 ceramics on the synthesis of these proteases was assessed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and zymographic analysis. Our results showed that osteoblasts express @entity5379 mRNA. Furthermore, @entity1476 mRNA expression was decreased by @entity702 and increased by @entity5383 whereas @entity10678 did not have any significant effect. Conversely, @entity1495 mRNA expression was stimulated by @entity702 but decreased with @entity10678 , whereas @entity5383 induced no significant changes. Zymographic analysis has evidenced pro- @entity1476 gelatinolytic activity in all cell populations with time-dependent increase profile; pro- @entity1495 , however, was not detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data confirmed the production of @entity1476 and very low levels of @entity1495 . In addition, @entity2843 was secreted in 24-h-cultured cells and increased to maximal level at 48-72 h whereas @entity1552 levels were very low. The interactions between @entity1 osteoblasts and the studied biomaterials altered both @entity5379 and @entity2843 expression indicating that biomaterials may influence @entity79 .

title: Matrix metalloproteinases @entity5379 and tissue inhibitors TIMP-1, -2 expression and secretion by primary @entity1 osteoblast cells in response to @entity702 , @entity10678 , and XXXX ceramics.

answer: @entity5383 :: (MESH:D000537,Chemical) :: ['alumina']


abstract: Osteogenic properties of bone cells are a key parameter governing osseointegration of implant devices. In this context, osteoblasts have a central role via extracellular matrix synthesis and remodeling that they regulate through different protease activity. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): @entity1476 (72 kDa) and @entity1495 (92 kDa) and their specific tissue inhibitors @entity2843 and @entity1552 in primary @entity1 osteoblastic cells. The effect of @entity702 , @entity10678 , and @entity5383 ceramics on the synthesis of these proteases was assessed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and zymographic analysis. Our results showed that osteoblasts express @entity5379 mRNA. Furthermore, @entity1476 mRNA expression was decreased by @entity702 and increased by @entity5383 whereas @entity10678 did not have any significant effect. Conversely, @entity1495 mRNA expression was stimulated by @entity702 but decreased with @entity10678 , whereas @entity5383 induced no significant changes. Zymographic analysis has evidenced pro- @entity1476 gelatinolytic activity in all cell populations with time-dependent increase profile; pro- @entity1495 , however, was not detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay data confirmed the production of @entity1476 and very low levels of @entity1495 . In addition, @entity2843 was secreted in 24-h-cultured cells and increased to maximal level at 48-72 h whereas @entity1552 levels were very low. The interactions between @entity1 osteoblasts and the studied biomaterials altered both @entity5379 and @entity2843 expression indicating that biomaterials may influence @entity79 .

title: Matrix metalloproteinases @entity5379 and tissue inhibitors TIMP-1, -2 expression and secretion by primary XXXX osteoblast cells in response to @entity702 , @entity10678 , and @entity5383 ceramics.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of @entity4649 and MRI in @entity1 with @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, @entity1 with suspected @entity150 were evaluated by abdominal CT and MRI. This study included 32 @entity1 . In 23 cases, transurethral resection (TUR), and in 9 cases radical cystectomy was performed. Additionally, pelvic lymph node dissection was performed in 9 @entity1 . RESULTS: According to the pathological results of TUR-performed @entity1 ; the accuracy of @entity4649 and MRI in preoperative staging of @entity150 was 41.6% and 83.3%, respectively. The accuracy of @entity4649 and MRI in preoperative staging of @entity150 were 66.6% and 77.7% in @entity1 who underwent radical cystectomy. Pelvic lymph node involvement was evaluated properly with MRI and CT. CONCLUSION: In the preoperative staging of @entity150 , MRI is superior to CT. The superiority is more definite especially in early stage @entity5 .

title: [Staging of XXXX with CT and MRI].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder tumors', 'urinary bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the new @entity1 EndoC-bH1 b-cell line, a detailed analysis of the physiological characteristics was performed. This new @entity1 b-cell line expressed all target structures on the gene and protein level, which are crucial for physiological function and insulin secretion induced by @entity413 and other secretagogues. @entity413 influx measurements revealed an excellent uptake capacity of EndoC-bH1 b-cells by the @entity1365 and @entity35316 @entity413 transporters. A high expression level of @entity14224 enabled efficient @entity413 phosphorylation, increasing the @entity855 / @entity857 ratio along with stimulation of insulin secretion in the physiological @entity413 concentration range. The EC50 value of @entity413 for insulin secretion was 10.2 mM. Mannoheptulose, a specific @entity14224 inhibitor, blocked @entity413 -induced insulin secretion (GSIS).The nutrient insulin secretagogues @entity4307 and @entity6525 also stimulated insulin secretion, with a potentiating effect of @entity9640 . The @entity14225 @entity972 channel blocker @entity5217 and @entity9898 , an opener of the voltage-sensitive @entity141 channel significantly potentiated GSIS. Potentiation of GSIS by @entity1922 and @entity1928 went along with a strong stimulation of @entity268 generation. In conclusion, the new @entity1 EndoC-bH1 b-cell line fully mirrors the analogous physiological characteristics of primary @entity19 , @entity35 and @entity1 b-cells. Thus, this new @entity1 EndoC-bH1 b-cell line is very well suited for physiological b-cell studies.

title: Physiological characterization of the XXXX EndoC-bH1 b-cell line.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity4307 :: ('CHEBI:15603', 'Chemical') :: ['L-leucine']

entities_list: @entity9640 :: ('CHEBI:18050', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity6525 :: ('MESH:C013082', 'Chemical') :: ['2-ketoisocaproate']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose', 'glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity10795 of the foundry workers using chipping hammers and grinders were analysed in Hungary last in 1950th-s years. Therefore it seemed necessary to consider the present situation of the disease. AIM: To study of the signs of the @entity10795 of the foundry workers using chipping hammers and grinders. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of the clinical findings of 154 foundry workers using chipping hammers and grinders. The examination included the vascular, neurological and musculoskeletal systems of the upper extremities in 95 @entity1 . RESULTS: The first symptoms referring to @entity10795 appeared on the average after seven years exposure. The signs of the 95 @entity1 were as follows: @entity455 : 75 cases (78.9%), peripheral @entity16 : 62 cases (65.3%), @entity16 : 35 @entity1 (36.8%). The Raynaud's phenomenon developed more commonly on the left than the right hand. The rate of the improvement of the Raynaud's phenomenon on the average 6.5 years after the cessation of the exposure on the basis of the result of the cold provocation test was 32.8%. Lesion of the peripheral nerves of the upper limbs, mostly of distal type was experienced in 41, whereas tunnel syndromes of the upper extremities in 21 cases. The most common amongst the latter (18 cases) was the @entity531 . @entity170 of the carpal bones was detected in 36 @entity1 (37.9%), but @entity571 of the joints of the upper limbs in 12 cases (12.6%). There was no aseptic @entity39 of the bones. @entity1642 of the spinous process of the cervical VII vertebra occurred in one single case. CONCLUSIONS: Using chipping hammers and grinders in foundry is one of the most dangerous hand-arm vibration exposure in Hungary. The most frequent signs are the vascular and @entity16 . Due to relatively rare occurrence of @entity16 X-ray examinations are not necessary during periodical medical follow up. The most effective possibility of the prevention is the diminishing of the daily exposure time.

title: [ XXXX in foundry workers].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic lesion', 'osteoarticular damage', 'neurological lesions', 'osteoarticular damages']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['hand-arm vibration syndrome']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Fatigue fracture']

answer: @entity10795 :: (MESH:D053421,Disease) :: ['Hand-arm vibration syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In acute posterior cerebral artery, occlusion involvement of the hippocampus is a common finding. Nevertheless, until today, @entity1188 and @entity2806 evolution in the hippocampus has not been studied systematically. AIM: Evaluation of @entity4798 patterns in @entity432 in the very early phase ( <=six-hours) and @entity2806 evolution on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging in relation to collateral blood flow assessed by a magnetic resonance imaging-based approach was conducted. METHODS: In 28 @entity1 [mean age 69  4        13  8 years, 19 (67  9%) males, 10 (32  1%) females] with proximal @entity432 , magnetic resonance imaging findings were analyzed, with emphasis on @entity4798 patterns on diffusion-weighted images and collateralization on dynamic 4D angiograms derived from perfusion-weighted raw images. RESULTS: On initial diffusion-weighted images, we identified all known @entity4798 patterns: type 1 (complete) in 6/18 (33  3%) @entity1 , type 2 (lateral) in 10/18 (55  6%) @entity1 , and type 3 (dorsal) and type 4 (circumscribed) in 1/18 (5  6%) @entity1 respectively. On dynamic 4D angiograms, the grade of collateralization was classified as 1 in 9 (32  1%), 2 in 1 (3  6%), 3 in 10 (35  7%), and 4 in 8 (28  6%) @entity1 . On follow-up diffusion-weighted images, we found new @entity2806 in three and @entity1188 growth in the hippocampus in five @entity1 . @entity1 with better collateralization (grades 3 and 4) less often had hippocampal @entity1188 on initial (P   =   0  003)/follow-up diffusion-weighted images (P   =   0  046) as well as type 1 on initial (P   =   0  007)/follow-up diffusion-weighted images (P   =   0  005). CONCLUSIONS: Involvement of the hippocampus in proximal @entity432 is frequently but not obligatorily observed and highly dependent on the extent of collateralization. The same holds true for @entity4798 patterns.

title: Sparing of the hippocampus indicates better collateral blood flow in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal infarction']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion', 'ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['posterior cerebral artery occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['acute posterior cerebral artery occlusion']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and recanalization efficacy of local IA rt-PA delivery in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with acute @entity385 were treated; of these, 10 were carotid @entity64 , 5 were vertebrobasilar territory @entity64 cases. The neurological status of the @entity1 were graded according to the Glascow @entity772 Scale and National Institutes of @entity64 Scale. All @entity1 underwent a CT examination on admission. In addition, 4 @entity1 had diffusion-weighted and one @entity1 had a perfusion MR examination. @entity1 of carotid territory @entity64 were treated within 6 hours from the @entity64 onset. There was no time limitation for the basilar artery territory. The Rankin Scale (RS) was used as outcome measures. RESULTS: Two of the 10 @entity1 with carotid @entity64 had carotid territory occlusions, 8 had middle cerebral artery main trunk occlusions. Four @entity1 had symptomatic @entity548 ; of these, 3 died within 24 hours. At the third month 4 @entity1 had a good outcome. Of 5 @entity1 with basilar @entity64 , 4 had basilar @entity432 . In one @entity1 , the basilar artery was open but the flow of the contrast material was very slow. Two @entity1 with unsuccessful recanalization due to underlying high grade @entity731 and one @entity1 with successful recanalization died. At the third month, the other @entity1 with succesful recanalization had a poor outcome (RS 4). The @entity1 with slow basilar artery flow developed from RS 5 to @entity62890 and was discharged without any @entity51 . CONCLUSION: In acute @entity385 , local IA thrombolysis is a safe and feasible treatment when the right @entity1 is selected. @entity548 does not exceed that which occurs in the natural history of the disease and with other treatment methods.

title: [Intraarterial thrombolysis in the treatment of acute XXXX : Technical and clinical results].

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Heart Stroke', 'artery stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Between January 1997 and April 2002, 73 consecutive invasive strains of @entity328 were isolated from @entity1 under 16 years of age in four hospitals in suburban Paris. Their genetic diversity was investigated by serotyping and analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis restriction patterns. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were analysed by disk susceptibility testing and determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations. The genetic basis of @entity7646 resistance was investigated by polymerase chain reaction. Studies of @entity114 and @entity2176 tolerance were performed for each strain. Despite the high prevalence (45.2%) of @entity114 -nonsusceptible @entity328 , resistance to @entity115 (1.4%) was rare, and no strain was resistant to @entity3524 . Overall, 4.1% of pneumococcal strains were resistant to @entity114 . @entity114 or @entity2176 tolerance was not detected in any of the 73 strains studied. Of the @entity2929 -resistant strains (48%), all but one carried the ermB gene. No strains showing a decreased susceptibility to @entity2177 ( @entity29154 , >4 mg/l) or overexpressing an efflux pump inhibited by @entity2515 were isolated. The serotypes found, in order of frequency, were as follows: 18C, 14, 6B, 19F, 19A, 9V, 23F, 1, 7F, 9A, 38. Strains of @entity114 -nonsusceptible @entity328 belonged predominantly to serotypes 14, 6B, 9V, 9A, 23F, 19F and 19A. The seven-valent conjugated vaccine covered 85.5% of the serogroups isolated in @entity1 under 2 years of age and 65.6% of the serogroups identified in @entity1 over 2 years of age. The genetic analysis showed a high identity for some serotypes, such as 14/9V, 6B and 23F. The use of the seven-valent conjugated vaccine is a critical measure to prevent @entity3 in @entity1 in the Ille de France area.

title: Multicentre study of the molecular epidemiology, serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of invasive XXXX invasive isolated from @entity1 in the Ille de France area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin', 'penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive pneumococci infections']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: Between January 1997 and April 2002, 73 consecutive invasive strains of @entity328 were isolated from @entity1 under 16 years of age in four hospitals in suburban Paris. Their genetic diversity was investigated by serotyping and analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis restriction patterns. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were analysed by disk susceptibility testing and determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations. The genetic basis of @entity7646 resistance was investigated by polymerase chain reaction. Studies of @entity114 and @entity2176 tolerance were performed for each strain. Despite the high prevalence (45.2%) of @entity114 -nonsusceptible @entity328 , resistance to @entity115 (1.4%) was rare, and no strain was resistant to @entity3524 . Overall, 4.1% of pneumococcal strains were resistant to @entity114 . @entity114 or @entity2176 tolerance was not detected in any of the 73 strains studied. Of the @entity2929 -resistant strains (48%), all but one carried the ermB gene. No strains showing a decreased susceptibility to @entity2177 ( @entity29154 , >4 mg/l) or overexpressing an efflux pump inhibited by @entity2515 were isolated. The serotypes found, in order of frequency, were as follows: 18C, 14, 6B, 19F, 19A, 9V, 23F, 1, 7F, 9A, 38. Strains of @entity114 -nonsusceptible @entity328 belonged predominantly to serotypes 14, 6B, 9V, 9A, 23F, 19F and 19A. The seven-valent conjugated vaccine covered 85.5% of the serogroups isolated in @entity1 under 2 years of age and 65.6% of the serogroups identified in @entity1 over 2 years of age. The genetic analysis showed a high identity for some serotypes, such as 14/9V, 6B and 23F. The use of the seven-valent conjugated vaccine is a critical measure to prevent @entity3 in @entity1 in the Ille de France area.

title: Multicentre study of the molecular epidemiology, serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of invasive @entity328 invasive isolated from XXXX in the Ille de France area.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The course and outcome of @entity1 after liver transplantation (LT) for @entity991 ( @entity991 ) are still debated. Our purpose is to define retrospectively, the post-LT clinicopathologic findings seen in 51 @entity991 @entity1 with a follow-up of 2 to 14 years. Of the total 51 @entity1 , 16 with native liver @entity22301 (XGC) had median graft and @entity1 survival of 573 and 835 days, respectively compared with 2489 and 2794 days, respectively, in 35 @entity1 without XGC. Perioperative complications resulted in 9 early @entity204 (day 0 to 52). Of the remaining 42 @entity1 , 6 had recurrent @entity991 (R- @entity991 ) with typical histologic and cholangiographic findings, 12 had @entity409 -not otherwise specified with histology of @entity775 , 3 had chronic rejection, 4 had @entity63 , and 17 had no recurrence. The presence of @entity29 , total @entity63 time of > or =11 hours, recipient-donor ABO and HLA Class I and II matches, and the type of immunosuppression did not affect the post-LT outcome. Recipient-donor gender mismatch was more common in R- @entity991 than in the nonrecurrent group (P=0.045). Post-LT @entity5 were significantly more common in the nonrecurrent cases compared with all others combined (P=0.031) and caused @entity204 in 4. The majority of @entity204 (11/13) in other groups were due to @entity295 complicating @entity813 . In conclusion, allograft @entity409 was seen in 18 (43%) of 42 long-term post-LT @entity991 @entity1 , with progression in 5 of 18 @entity1 . Features of @entity991 were seen in 6 (33%) of 18. Native liver XGC negatively impacted post-LT graft and @entity1 survival. Increased incidence of @entity5 in the nonrecurrent group may reflect overimmunosuppression in those @entity1 .

title: Liver transplantation for XXXX : a long-term clinicopathologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cholangiopathy', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity22301 :: ('MESH:D011705', 'Disease') :: ['hilar xanthogranulomatous cholangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune liver disease']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis/overlap syndrome']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Exercise advice is the main treatment for symptom relief in the UK for @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity613 ( @entity613 ). Would a weekly exercise and motivation class for 6 months offer adjuvant benefit over written and verbal exercise advice alone? @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 attending a regional vascular centre for whom @entity613 was the main factor affecting mobility were randomised to either exercise advice alone (n=30) or exercise advice with a once a week 45 min supervised exercise/motivation class (n=29). The mean age was 68 years. Baseline and 6-month assessment included a Quality of Life Questionnaire--the Short-Form-36, the Charing Cross Symptom Specific Claudication Questionnaire (CCCQ) and treadmill walking distance (3.5 km/h 12%). RESULTS: At 6-month follow-up the supervised exercise group had improved their treadmill walking by 129% compared to 69% in the advice alone group (p=0.001). This significant improvement was maintained at the subsequent 9 and 12-month follow-up assessments. By the 9-month stage the advice only group CCCQ score had improved 16% from baseline, while the supervised exercise group had a significantly better 43% improvement in base line score (p<0.05). Self reported frequency of walks was higher in the exercise class group being significant for improvement in CCCQ score. CONCLUSION: A weekly, supervised exercise and motivation class for a 6-month period provides a significant improvement in @entity1 ' symptoms, quality of life, and distance walked compared with advice alone and this improvement continues after attendance at class has ceased.

title: Does supervised exercise offer adjuvant benefit over exercise advice alone for the treatment of XXXX ? A randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'Intermittent Claudication']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['intermittent claudication']


abstract: @entity810 are common after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although the pathology of chronic @entity8 is well described, the histologic changes that accompany acute @entity8 after HSCT are less well known because renal biopsies are rarely undertaken in the peritransplantation period. Archival renal tissue from consecutive HSCT recipients who died and underwent autopsy at a single center during an 8-year period was studied. Abnormalities of renal pathology were described, and associations of histologic abnormalities with clinical events were systemically studied. Abnormalities of renal histology were common among the 26 @entity1 in this study. The 3 most common histologic abnormalities were @entity8 (19/26; 73%), tubular epithelial atypia (19/26; 73%), and tubular calcification (18/26; 69%). @entity9538 (16/24; 67%) and @entity82 (16/26; 62%) were also frequently observed. Clinical @entity5501 was not associated with histologic evidence of @entity9818 in the kidney at autopsy. Also, clinical @entity2132 was not associated with @entity8 . Unexpectedly, the proportion of @entity1 with tubular @entity194 (54%) or @entity82 (62%) was high, considering the young age of the @entity1 at transplantation and their normal pretransplantation creatinine clearance. Well-recognized histologic abnormalities are common in the kidneys of @entity1 who die after HSCT. Although we did not demonstrate associations of these histologic changes with clinical variables before death, larger studies with prospectively collected renal tissue are warranted.

title: Renal pathology at autopsy in XXXX who died after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['HSCT nephropathy', 'renal tubulitis', 'glomerular sclerosis', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity9538 :: ('MESH:D007673', 'Disease') :: ['Tubulitis']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute and chronic renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Better biomarkers that can discriminate between @entity146 and indolent phenotypes of @entity263 are urgently needed. In the first 20 years of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era, screening for @entity263 has successfully reduced @entity263 mortality, but has led to significant problems with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. As a result, many @entity1 are subjected to unnecessary prostate biopsies and overtreatment of indolent @entity5 in order to save one @entity1 from dying of @entity263 . A novel blood test known as the 4Kscore   Test (OPKO Lab, Nashville, @entity7443 ) incorporates a panel of four kallikrein protein biomarkers (total PSA, free PSA, intact PSA, and @entity1 @entity27656 ) and other clinical information in an algorithm that provides a percent risk for a high-grade (Gleason score >=  7) @entity5 on biopsy. In 10 peer-reviewed publications, the four kallikrein biomarkers and algorithm of the 4Kscore Test have been shown to improve the prediction not only of biopsy histopathology, but also surgical pathology and occurrence of @entity146 , @entity3 . Recently, a blinded prospective trial of the 4Kscore Test was conducted across the United States among 1012 @entity1 . The 4Kscore Test replicated previous European results showing accuracy in predicting biopsy outcome of Gleason score >=  7. In a recent case-control study nested within a population-based cohort from V  sterbotten, Sweden, the four kallikrein biomarkers of the 4Kscore Test also predicted the risk for @entity263 that metastasized within 20 years after the test was administered. These results indicate that @entity1 with an abnormal PSA or digital rectal examination result, and for whom an initial or repeat prostate biopsy is being considered, would benefit from a reflex 4Kscore Test to add important information to the clinical decision-making process. A high-risk 4Kscore Test result may be used to select @entity1 with a high probability of @entity263 who would benefit from a biopsy of the prostate to prevent an adverse and potentially lethal outcome from @entity263 . @entity1 with a low 4Kscore Test result may safely defer biopsy.

title: Finding the Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: The 4Kscore Is a Novel Blood Test That Can Accurately Identify the Risk of Aggressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity27656 :: ('3817', 'Gene') :: ['kallikrein-related peptidase 2']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the impact of @entity8 on time to successful renal artery cannulation and procedure efficiency during fenestrated and snorkel/chimney @entity439 repair (EVAR). METHODS: The imaging and procedure logs of 77 @entity1 (mean age 74.2 years; 63 @entity1 ) who underwent complex EVAR (24 fenestrated, 53 snorkel/chimney) from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed. Renal artery angulation was measured on preoperative computed tomographic angiography scans. Time to renal artery cannulation was retrieved from the EVAR procedure logs and compared to preoperative @entity8 and other metrics of procedure efficiency (eg, procedure time, fluoroscopy time, @entity190 , etc). In all, 111 renal arteries were available for @entity8 measurement (39 fenestrated, 72 snorkel/chimney); 22 renal cannulations were inappropriate for the comparative analyses due to concomitant visceral artery stenting (n=15), combined procedures (n=6), or unsuccessful cannulation (n=1). RESULTS: For @entity1 undergoing fenestrated EVAR, mean @entity8 was -28    21   (range +37   to -60  ), not significantly different (p=0.66) from @entity1 receiving snorkel/chimney grafts (mean -30    19  , range +22   to -65  ). Comparative analysis using median @entity8 (-30   for both groups) demonstrated that renal artery cannulation during fenestrated EVAR was performed significantly faster in arteries with less downward (>=  -30  ) angulation (16.0 vs 32.8 minutes, p=0.04), whereas cannulation in snorkel/chimneys was faster in arteries with greater downward (< -30  ) angulation (10.9 vs 17.3 minutes, p=0.05). Fenestrated EVAR cases involving less downward (>=  -30  ) @entity8 were also associated with shorter overall procedure time (187.7 vs 246.2 minutes, p=0.01) and decreased fluoroscopy time (70.3 vs 98.2 minutes, p=0.04). Immediate renal function decline, procedural complications, and postoperative issues were not associated with @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Procedural efficiency may be optimized by considering @entity8 as one of several objective variables used in the selection of an appropriate endovascular strategy. The fenestrated approach is more efficient with less downward angulation to the renal arteries, while the snorkel/chimney strategy is facilitated by more downward @entity8 .

title: Impact of Renal Artery Angulation on Procedure Efficiency During Fenestrated and Snorkel/Chimney XXXX Repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery angulation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Endovascular Aneurysm']


abstract: This chapter summarizes experiments which were designed to reveal how repetitive electrical stimulation of the @entity3308 locomotor region (MLR) recruits nearby hindbrain neurons into activity, such that locomotion can ensue in the @entity7928 salamander, A. tigrinum. The MLR stimulus strength was subthreshold or near-threshold for @entity717 to ensue. Such relatively weak stimulation of the MLR produced @entity717 after a relatively long delay, which featured neuronal interactions in the hindbrain. MLR-evoked spike responses of single hindbrain neurons were recorded before @entity717 began. This allowed consideration of the build-up of the hindbrain neuronal activity, which was subsequently impressed upon the spinal cord such as to evoke @entity717 . Each train of MLR stimulus pulses evoked monosynaptic responses in but a small proportion of the hindbrain's neurons. Rather, oligosynaptic responses were routinely evoked, even in the "input" neurons that were activated monosynaptically. Consecutive stimulus volleys recruited a given neuron after a variable number of synaptic translations. It is argued that the hindbrain's input neurons excited a much larger number of other hindbrain neurons. By this means, an MLR-evoked, short-lived propagating wave of excitation (i.e., approximately 2-4 successive synaptic activations) can be spread throughout the hindbrain.

title: How the XXXX locomotor region recruits hindbrain neurons.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor movements']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['mesencephalic']

answer: @entity3308 :: (MESH:D020295,Disease) :: ['mesencephalic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Japan has introduced an acute @entity146 care unit to the public healthcare insurance program, but its requirement of a shorter length of stay could lead to discharges without proper discharge planning. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the implementation of discharge planning and the length of stay of acute @entity146 inpatients in Japan. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 449 @entity1 discharged from the ' @entity146 emergency ward' of 66 hospitals during a two-week period from March 7 to 20, 2011. The assigned nurse or nursing assistant for each @entity1 provided information on the implementation of discharge planning in the hospital stay. RESULTS: Approximately one quarter of the 449 @entity1 (n  =  122) received no support for coordination with post-discharge community care resources. The 122 @entity1 who had received no support for community care coordination had a significantly lower mean age at admission, a shorter length of stay, and a higher rate of either no follow-up or unidentified post-discharge outpatient service than the other 327 @entity1 . Multilevel linear regression analysis demonstrated a significantly greater length of stay among @entity1 who were older, those who had a primary diagnosis of @entity161 , those who were admitted compulsorily, those who received hospital outpatient services, and those who received community care coordination support from the assigned nurse or nursing assistant. The implementation of support for community care coordination did not indicate a significant association with these factors, which have been related to an increased risk of @entity146 readmission. CONCLUSION: @entity1 to whom the assigned nurse or nursing assistant provided support on community care coordination experienced a significantly greater length of hospital stay. The implementation of support for community care coordination did not indicate a significant association with these factors, which have been related to an increased risk of @entity146 readmission. The mental health policy should increase focus on discharge planning in the acute @entity146 setting to enhance a link between @entity146 inpatient care and post-discharge community care resources.

title: Association between length of hospital stay and implementation of discharge planning in acute XXXX inpatients in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Traumatic self-amputation of the penis by a @entity716 @entity1 is rare. Microvascular replantation is the favored management approach. There are no known cases of self-amputation followed by @entity9 and subsequent replantation. A 51-year-old @entity1 with paranoid @entity161 presented 2 hours following @entity546 . He had swallowed the excised portion, which was endoscopically retrieved from the stomach in the emergency department. Successful reattachment was achieved including microvascular repair of the dorsal penile arteries without cavernosal arterial anastamoses. A Winter's shunt was performed to improve venous circulation. The @entity1 has been followed for 3 years from the date of repair. He has adequate erection for intercourse and good urinary function, but has experienced sensory loss over the dorsal aspect and glans and @entity384 . This is the first report of replantation following ingestion of an amputated penis.

title: XXXX and successful reattachment and the role of winter shunt in postoperative viability: A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture dilation']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile amputation']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['ingestion of the stump']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['Penile amputation']


abstract: The AKR @entity706 is a T lymphocyte @entity5 , most suitable as a model for @entity1 T cell @entity5 . We have been interested in the process of @entity5 progression in the @entity706 system. In the present study, two newly isolated variants, the TAU-42 and TAU-44, were characterized with respect to their biological behavior, by comparing them to a previously studied low-malignancy variant, the TAU-39. While the TAU-44 variant formed large s.c. local @entity5 , the TAU-42 variant formed only small growths or none at all. The TAU-42 @entity706 was found to have the highest malignant potential: it displayed very marked dissemination to spleen, lymph nodes, liver and lungs. The TAU-44 variant had an intermediate degree of metastatic potential but presented a predilection for spread to lymph nodes and spleen and was sometimes found to metastasize to peculiar organs, such as heart and pancreas. Cells derived from the @entity706 variants varied in their immunophenotype: the highly malignant variant cells expressed more CD4 antigen than the low-malignancy one. The opposite was observed with regard to @entity405 . The variant cells also differed in their migrating capacity, the more malignant one exhibiting a higher motile activity. Studies on the @entity5 progression model of @entity706 might contribute to the elucidation of the features determining the aggressiveness of @entity1619 .

title: Biological behavior and cell properties of new AKR XXXX variants.

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T lymphocytic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'AKR lymphoma', 'different lymphoma', 'lymphoma-leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma malignancy']