abstract: A recent study reported on an anti- @entity1075 /anti-CD3 single-chain bispecific antibody (bscCD19xCD3) exhibiting high activity against @entity1 @entity1892 cell lines (L  ffler et al., Blood 2000;95:2098-103). In the present study, we have explored in detail the in vitro efficacy, T-cell donor variability, binding characteristics, specificity, kinetics and @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) dependence of bscCD19xCD3. We found that a majority of @entity1 donor T cells tested (n = 86) gave half-maximal B- @entity706 cell lysis (ED(50)) within a range of 10-50 pg/ml bscCD19xCD3, corresponding to sub-picomolar concentrations of the bispecific antibody. Under identical experimental conditions, the anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody rituximab had an at least 100,000-fold lower in vitro efficacy. The extreme potency of bscCD19xCD3 was in sharp contrast to the relatively low affinity of the anti-CD3 and anti- @entity1075 single-chain Fv portions in K(D) ranges of 10(-7) and 10(-9) M, respectively. Cell lysis by bscCD19xCD3 was predominantly mediated by the population of @entity405 /CD45RO-positive T cells. Both immortalized @entity404 - and @entity405 -positive @entity1 T-cell clones were highly active effector cells as well. Cell lysis by bscCD19xCD3 was rapid and specific. The respective parental monoclonal antibodies inhibited cell lysis and @entity1075 -negative cells were not harmed by T cells in the presence of high amounts of bscCD19xCD3. The potent T-cell stimulus @entity1199 could not markedly augment the activity of bscCD19xCD3-stimulated T cells. In conclusion, bscCD19xCD3 could redirect unstimulated cytotoxic T cells against @entity1075 -positive cells in an unexpectedly potent, rapid and specific fashion.

title: Extremely potent, rapid and costimulation-independent cytotoxic T-cell response against XXXX cells catalyzed by a single-chain bispecific antibody.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with @entity715 ( @entity715 ) is extremely poor. The aim of this study was to elucidate the efficacy of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) for @entity1 with advanced HCCs. METHODS: Forty-eight @entity157 @entity1 with @entity715 were treated by @entity99 via a subcutaneously implanted injection port. Of these, 14 had @entity715 in the second portal branch and 34 @entity1 had @entity715 in the first portal branch or in the main portal trunk. One course of chemotherapy consisted of daily @entity900 (7 mg/m(2) for 1 hour on Days 1-5) followed by @entity1487 (170 mg/m(2) for 5 hours on Days 1-5). @entity1 were scheduled to receive four serial courses of @entity99 . Responders were defined as having either a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) and nonresponders were defined as exhibiting stable disease or @entity74 . The prognosis after @entity99 and factors related to survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Following @entity99 , 4 and 19 @entity1 exhibited a CR and PR, respectively (response rate = 48%). The 1, 2, 3, and 5-year cumulative survival rates of 48 @entity1 treated with @entity99 were 45%, 31%, 25%, and 11%, respectively. Median survival periods for 23 responders and 25 nonresponders were 31.6 (range, 8.3-76.9) months and 5.4 (1.9-29.0) months, respectively. Therapeutic effect (P < 0.001) and hepatic reserve capacity (P = 0.021) were identified as significant prognostic factors by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified only therapeutic effect as being significantly related to survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 using low-dose @entity900 and @entity1487 may be a useful therapeutic option for @entity1 with advanced @entity157 with @entity715 . @entity157 @entity1 with @entity715 who respond to @entity99 could certainly have survival benefits.

title: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced XXXX with @entity715 : analysis of 48 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HAIC', 'hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['PVTT', 'portal vein tumor thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with @entity715 ( @entity715 ) is extremely poor. The aim of this study was to elucidate the efficacy of @entity99 ( @entity99 ) for @entity1 with advanced HCCs. METHODS: Forty-eight @entity157 @entity1 with @entity715 were treated by @entity99 via a subcutaneously implanted injection port. Of these, 14 had @entity715 in the second portal branch and 34 @entity1 had @entity715 in the first portal branch or in the main portal trunk. One course of chemotherapy consisted of daily @entity900 (7 mg/m(2) for 1 hour on Days 1-5) followed by @entity1487 (170 mg/m(2) for 5 hours on Days 1-5). @entity1 were scheduled to receive four serial courses of @entity99 . Responders were defined as having either a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) and nonresponders were defined as exhibiting stable disease or @entity74 . The prognosis after @entity99 and factors related to survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Following @entity99 , 4 and 19 @entity1 exhibited a CR and PR, respectively (response rate = 48%). The 1, 2, 3, and 5-year cumulative survival rates of 48 @entity1 treated with @entity99 were 45%, 31%, 25%, and 11%, respectively. Median survival periods for 23 responders and 25 nonresponders were 31.6 (range, 8.3-76.9) months and 5.4 (1.9-29.0) months, respectively. Therapeutic effect (P < 0.001) and hepatic reserve capacity (P = 0.021) were identified as significant prognostic factors by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis identified only therapeutic effect as being significantly related to survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 using low-dose @entity900 and @entity1487 may be a useful therapeutic option for @entity1 with advanced @entity157 with @entity715 . @entity157 @entity1 with @entity715 who respond to @entity99 could certainly have survival benefits.

title: Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced @entity157 with XXXX : analysis of 48 cases.

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['portal vein tumor thrombosis']


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of cell culture time on bone formation by @entity35 bone marrow cells seeded in @entity702 fiber mesh. As a seeding technique, a high cell suspension was used (3 x 10(6) cells/mL). Therefore, 30 meshes were repeatedly rotated in @entity35 mL tube (containing 30 x 10(6) cells) on a rotation plate (2 rpm) for 3 h. Osteogenic cells were cultured for 1, 4, and 8 days on @entity702 fiber mesh and finally implanted subcutaneously in @entity35 . Meshes without cells were also implanted subcutaneously in @entity35 . DNA and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) analyses and @entity460 measurements determined cellular proliferation and differentiation during the in vitro incubation period of the mesh implants. Four weeks after implant insertion, the animals were sacrificed. The implants, with their surrounding tissue, were retrieved and prepared for histologic evaluation and @entity460 measurements. DNA analysis of the in vitro experiment showed a lag phase from day 1 through day 4, but a 42% increase in DNA between days 4 and 8. @entity4653 and @entity460 measurements indicated an increase in @entity460 from day 1 to day 4, yet only a small but significant increase from days 4 to 8. Histologic analysis demonstrated that bone was formed in all day 1 and day 4 implants, and that the bone-like tissue was present uniformly through the meshes. The bony tissue was morphologically characterized by osteocytes embedded in a mineralized matrix, with a layer of osteoid and osteoblasts at the surface. The day 8 implants showed only @entity78 deposition in the @entity702 fiber mesh. @entity460 measurements of the implants revealed that calcification in day 1 implants was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to day 4 and day 8 implants. No significant difference in @entity460 content existed between day 4 and day 8 implants. On the basis of our results, we conclude that 1) bone formation was generated more effectively in osteogenic cells by a short culture time after seeding in @entity702 fiber mesh; 2) dynamic cell seeding is probably more effective than static cell seeding; and 3) selection of the right cells from the heterogenous bone marrow population remains a problem.

title: Bone formation by @entity35 bone marrow cells cultured on XXXX fiber mesh: effect of in vitro culture time.

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of cell culture time on bone formation by @entity35 bone marrow cells seeded in @entity702 fiber mesh. As a seeding technique, a high cell suspension was used (3 x 10(6) cells/mL). Therefore, 30 meshes were repeatedly rotated in @entity35 mL tube (containing 30 x 10(6) cells) on a rotation plate (2 rpm) for 3 h. Osteogenic cells were cultured for 1, 4, and 8 days on @entity702 fiber mesh and finally implanted subcutaneously in @entity35 . Meshes without cells were also implanted subcutaneously in @entity35 . DNA and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) analyses and @entity460 measurements determined cellular proliferation and differentiation during the in vitro incubation period of the mesh implants. Four weeks after implant insertion, the animals were sacrificed. The implants, with their surrounding tissue, were retrieved and prepared for histologic evaluation and @entity460 measurements. DNA analysis of the in vitro experiment showed a lag phase from day 1 through day 4, but a 42% increase in DNA between days 4 and 8. @entity4653 and @entity460 measurements indicated an increase in @entity460 from day 1 to day 4, yet only a small but significant increase from days 4 to 8. Histologic analysis demonstrated that bone was formed in all day 1 and day 4 implants, and that the bone-like tissue was present uniformly through the meshes. The bony tissue was morphologically characterized by osteocytes embedded in a mineralized matrix, with a layer of osteoid and osteoblasts at the surface. The day 8 implants showed only @entity78 deposition in the @entity702 fiber mesh. @entity460 measurements of the implants revealed that calcification in day 1 implants was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to day 4 and day 8 implants. No significant difference in @entity460 content existed between day 4 and day 8 implants. On the basis of our results, we conclude that 1) bone formation was generated more effectively in osteogenic cells by a short culture time after seeding in @entity702 fiber mesh; 2) dynamic cell seeding is probably more effective than static cell seeding; and 3) selection of the right cells from the heterogenous bone marrow population remains a problem.

title: Bone formation by XXXX bone marrow cells cultured on @entity702 fiber mesh: effect of in vitro culture time.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The main cause of acquired @entity169 is weakness of @entity3087 , following metabolically-determined collagen disorders. A technique for the anterior reinforcement of this structure with @entity7502 mesh is described here. Following intermuscular decollement, the mesh is placed in direct contact with the surface formed by the transversalis fascia and the transversus abdominis muscle and stretched as extensively as possible. Because the posterior aspect of the inguinal canal is the true barrier to abdominal pressure, the author believe that its direct reinforcement, without interposition of the internal oblique muscle, constitutes the most correct anatomo-surgical approach to @entity547 repair. This is the case for both indirect hernias, in which the internal ring is reconstructed at a deeper level, and for direct hernias, in which the "tent effect" of the prosthesis is prevented. Ninety-two primary @entity169 (56 indirect, 29 direct and 7 direct and indirect) in 87 @entity1 were repaired with this technique. Seventy-nine @entity1 were followed up from 2 to 24 months. Early complications included: 7 ecchymosis, 3 seromas, 2 subcutaneous @entity281 , 3 testicular swellings. Incision and @entity158 for longer than 6 months occurred in 2 cases. No @entity281 or recurrences have been detected up to the present.

title: [Technique of repair of acquired XXXX by anterior reinforcement of the Fruchaud floor with @entity7502 mesh].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ["Fruchaud's deep muscolofascial floor"]

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'prosthetic infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['testicular pain']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernias', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: The main cause of acquired @entity169 is weakness of @entity3087 , following metabolically-determined collagen disorders. A technique for the anterior reinforcement of this structure with @entity7502 mesh is described here. Following intermuscular decollement, the mesh is placed in direct contact with the surface formed by the transversalis fascia and the transversus abdominis muscle and stretched as extensively as possible. Because the posterior aspect of the inguinal canal is the true barrier to abdominal pressure, the author believe that its direct reinforcement, without interposition of the internal oblique muscle, constitutes the most correct anatomo-surgical approach to @entity547 repair. This is the case for both indirect hernias, in which the internal ring is reconstructed at a deeper level, and for direct hernias, in which the "tent effect" of the prosthesis is prevented. Ninety-two primary @entity169 (56 indirect, 29 direct and 7 direct and indirect) in 87 @entity1 were repaired with this technique. Seventy-nine @entity1 were followed up from 2 to 24 months. Early complications included: 7 ecchymosis, 3 seromas, 2 subcutaneous @entity281 , 3 testicular swellings. Incision and @entity158 for longer than 6 months occurred in 2 cases. No @entity281 or recurrences have been detected up to the present.

title: [Technique of repair of acquired @entity169 by anterior reinforcement of the Fruchaud floor with XXXX mesh].

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['polypropylene']


abstract: Intraductal @entity5 (IPMTs) of the pancreas are heterogeneous proliferations characterized by a malignant potential. The molecular mechanisms underlying the tumourigenesis process are not well understood. Recently, it has been shown that IPMTs secreting the @entity3558 antigen @entity5091 have a better prognosis, but the complete pattern of MUC gene expression has not yet been established. The aims of this study were to evaluate the @entity3558 gene expression in 57 IPMTs and eight @entity75 surgically resected and to relate MUC gene expression to the histological diagnosis. In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed in 28 cases with probes specific for the @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5087 , @entity5088 , @entity5089 , @entity5090 , @entity21826 , and @entity26484 genes. An immunohistochemical analysis was carried in all 65 cases and in 90 @entity420 of the pancreas using @entity2355 , @entity5091 , and @entity5089 antibodies. IPMTs of @entity652 ( @entity1141 ) type exhibited high expression of @entity5091 (93%), @entity5089 (97%), and, to a lesser extent, of @entity5088 (71%), all of which were also observed in @entity3079 associated with IPMTs. In contrast, IPMTs with simple @entity1373 , @entity4929 , and @entity652 exhibited little or no expression of @entity5091 . The @entity3558 expression profile supports the existence of two types of invasive @entity5 associated with IPMTs: a colloid and an ordinary form. The latter shows a pattern similar to the @entity420 with a loss of @entity5091 and a gain of @entity2355 and has a greater tendency to metastasize. In conclusion, the altered expression of @entity3558 , characteristic of IPMT of @entity2513 , may contribute to the better clinical outcome of these @entity5 , compared to conventional @entity1124 .

title: @entity3558 gene expression in intraductal papillary-mucinous @entity5 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['pyloric glandular adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['colloid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'papillary-mucinous tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['related lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['conventional ductal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma type and of colloid carcinomas']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['related lesions']


abstract: Intraductal @entity5 (IPMTs) of the pancreas are heterogeneous proliferations characterized by a malignant potential. The molecular mechanisms underlying the tumourigenesis process are not well understood. Recently, it has been shown that IPMTs secreting the @entity3558 antigen @entity5091 have a better prognosis, but the complete pattern of MUC gene expression has not yet been established. The aims of this study were to evaluate the @entity3558 gene expression in 57 IPMTs and eight @entity75 surgically resected and to relate MUC gene expression to the histological diagnosis. In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed in 28 cases with probes specific for the @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5087 , @entity5088 , @entity5089 , @entity5090 , @entity21826 , and @entity26484 genes. An immunohistochemical analysis was carried in all 65 cases and in 90 @entity420 of the pancreas using @entity2355 , @entity5091 , and @entity5089 antibodies. IPMTs of @entity652 ( @entity1141 ) type exhibited high expression of @entity5091 (93%), @entity5089 (97%), and, to a lesser extent, of @entity5088 (71%), all of which were also observed in @entity3079 associated with IPMTs. In contrast, IPMTs with simple @entity1373 , @entity4929 , and @entity652 exhibited little or no expression of @entity5091 . The @entity3558 expression profile supports the existence of two types of invasive @entity5 associated with IPMTs: a colloid and an ordinary form. The latter shows a pattern similar to the @entity420 with a loss of @entity5091 and a gain of @entity2355 and has a greater tendency to metastasize. In conclusion, the altered expression of @entity3558 , characteristic of IPMT of @entity2513 , may contribute to the better clinical outcome of these @entity5 , compared to conventional @entity1124 .

title: @entity3558 gene expression in intraductal papillary-mucinous XXXX and @entity75 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumours']


abstract: Intraductal @entity5 (IPMTs) of the pancreas are heterogeneous proliferations characterized by a malignant potential. The molecular mechanisms underlying the tumourigenesis process are not well understood. Recently, it has been shown that IPMTs secreting the @entity3558 antigen @entity5091 have a better prognosis, but the complete pattern of MUC gene expression has not yet been established. The aims of this study were to evaluate the @entity3558 gene expression in 57 IPMTs and eight @entity75 surgically resected and to relate MUC gene expression to the histological diagnosis. In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed in 28 cases with probes specific for the @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5087 , @entity5088 , @entity5089 , @entity5090 , @entity21826 , and @entity26484 genes. An immunohistochemical analysis was carried in all 65 cases and in 90 @entity420 of the pancreas using @entity2355 , @entity5091 , and @entity5089 antibodies. IPMTs of @entity652 ( @entity1141 ) type exhibited high expression of @entity5091 (93%), @entity5089 (97%), and, to a lesser extent, of @entity5088 (71%), all of which were also observed in @entity3079 associated with IPMTs. In contrast, IPMTs with simple @entity1373 , @entity4929 , and @entity652 exhibited little or no expression of @entity5091 . The @entity3558 expression profile supports the existence of two types of invasive @entity5 associated with IPMTs: a colloid and an ordinary form. The latter shows a pattern similar to the @entity420 with a loss of @entity5091 and a gain of @entity2355 and has a greater tendency to metastasize. In conclusion, the altered expression of @entity3558 , characteristic of IPMT of @entity2513 , may contribute to the better clinical outcome of these @entity5 , compared to conventional @entity1124 .

title: XXXX gene expression in intraductal papillary-mucinous @entity5 and @entity75 .

answer: @entity3558 :: (100508689,Gene) :: ['Mucin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors reviewed the implications of prolonged, seated working postures on dental operator health and the potential development of @entity85 , or MSDs. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors reviewed studies to assess the mechanisms associated with the development of @entity4512 and MSDs among dental operators. Some studies investigated work duration, operator positioning and the physiological effects of various static sitting postures. Others explored the relationships between @entity2472 and @entity121 , as related to the development of @entity158 and MSDs. RESULTS: This review advances the idea that the causes of @entity4512 and disorders common to dental operators are multifactorial. Physiological changes that accompany these disorders can be related to practices used by today's operators-primarily being seated for prolonged periods. Studies associated such postures with @entity101 and @entity4681 , which are factors that may lead to @entity1643 or injury. There is a relationship shown between prolonged, static (motionless) muscle contractions and @entity63 or @entity39 . Weak postural muscles of the trunk and shoulder may lead to poor operator posture. As muscles adapt by lengthening or shortening to accommodate these postures, a muscle imbalance may result, leading to structural damage and @entity158 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A significant number of today's dental operators experience @entity4512 and are at risk of developing serious MSDs. A thorough understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms leading to these problems is necessary to develop and implement a comprehensive approach to minimize the risks of a work-related injury.

title: Mechanisms leading to XXXX in dentistry.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative changes within the lumbar spine and low back pain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased disk pressures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['muscle ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['spinal hypomobility']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle imbalances']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged muscle contraction']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']


abstract: To date, there are few published large series within the literature on the use of expanded @entity736 (Gore-Tex) in rhinoplasty. This retrospective study, based on chart and photographic reviews, serves to contribute a 6-year experience (mean @entity1 follow-up period, 17.5 months) with the alloplast in nasal surgery amassed by one surgeon. The same technique was used in all the 189 @entity1 reviewed, who received 211 procedures. The 189 @entity1 , 44 male and 145 female and from 15 to 70 years of age, were reviewed 3 months to 6 years after Gore-Tex implantation rhinoplasties. The results were assessed according to the follow-up notes in the chart reflecting @entity1 ' and surgeon's comments and full preoperative and postoperative photographic documentation. @entity1 satisfaction was expressed with respect to aesthetic and functional outcome in all cases. @entity1 impressions were verified by critical assessment during follow-up examination. The implants showed excellent stability and tissue tolerance. Complications requiring removal occurred in 2.7 percent of implants placed. The authors are of the opinion that, in rhinoplasty, with the exception of the nasal tip, columella, or problems in which corrections would require @entity2003 of the grafted or implanted material, the Gore-Tex alloplast is an excellent alternative to autografts. Nasal tip or columellar sites do not render adequate soft-tissue cover, allowing the implant to rest close to the @entity954 . Because this creates additional risk of implant extrusion, such locations were avoided in the series of @entity1 presented.

title: A 6-year experience with the use of expanded XXXX in rhinoplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A diode laser can be used to create a subthreshold (invisible end point) lesion in @entity1 with @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). This has the potential benefit of localizing the treatment effect to the retinal pigment epithelium and sparing more of the overlying sensory retina. We performed a study to compare the safety and efficacy of argon laser and subthreshold infrared (810-nm) diode laser macular grid photocoagulation in reducing the number of drusen in @entity1 with @entity1020 . METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 144 @entity1 with bilateral early-stage nonexudative @entity1020 , characterized by soft drusen. One eye of each @entity1 was treated, and the other eye served as a control. Seventy-eight eyes of 78 @entity1 with a mean age of 67.5 (standard deviation [SD] 8.3) years underwent argon laser macular grid photocoagulation at a university-affiliated hospital in Bologna, Italy, and 66 eyes of 66 @entity1 with a mean age of 66.4 (SD 6.3) years underwent subthreshold infrared (810-nm) diode laser macular grid photocoagulation at a private clinic in Bologna. Each group was classified into three subgroups based on the number of drusen (more than 20, 10 to 20, or less than 10). The @entity1 underwent @entity941 angiography, fundus examination, measurement of far (Snellen chart) and near (Jaeger chart) best corrected visual acuity, and visual field and contrast sensitivity testing. The mean length of follow-up was 18 (SD 0.5) months. RESULTS: At 18 months, far and near best corrected visual acuity were statistically significantly improved in the treatment groups compared with the untreated group (p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). There was no significant difference in visual acuity between the treatment groups. Compared with baseline, the number of drusen was significantly reduced in both treatment groups (p < 0.001). @entity66 was observed in the untreated group. The visual field was slightly but significantly reduced after argon laser treatment (p < 0.001) but not diode laser treatment; the difference in visual field between the two groups was not significant. There was a slight reduction in contrast sensitivity, particularly with night vision, after argon laser treatment but not diode laser treatment. The difference between the two treatment groups was significant (p < 0.01). INTERPRETATION: Subthreshold infrared diode macular grid photocoagulation may be a safe and viable method for preventing progression of nonexudative @entity1020 .

title: Argon laser vs. subthreshold infrared (810-nm) diode laser macular grid photocoagulation in nonexudative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Evolution of the disease']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hemodynamic and respiratory effects of inhaled @entity842 (NO) in postoperative cardiac @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective evaluation. SETTING: A university hospital intensive care unit. @entity1 : Fourteen adults with @entity120 , studied postoperatively. INTERVENTIONS: 60 minutes of NO inhalation (20 ppm). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Respiratory mechanics were analyzed by inflating the relaxed respiratory system with constant flow, followed by rapid airway occlusion at @entity454 , which was maintained until a plateau in tracheal pressure was obtained. Gas exchange and hemodynamics were evaluated by conventional means. The data were studied using the analysis of variance for repeated measures. Minimum airway resistance (Rmin) increased significantly from 8.87+/-3.24 cm @entity2507 /L x s to 9.69 +/-3.22 cm @entity2507 /L x s at the end of NO inhalation and remained elevated after NO was discontinued. A selective vasodilator effect on pulmonary vasculature was observed in the pulmonary-systemic vascular resistance ratio, which decreased from 0.18+/-0.11 to 0.13+/-0.08 at the end of inhalation and returned to baseline values after gas suspension. No significant alterations in oxygenation were observed. CONCLUSION: The effects of NO as a powerful and useful vasodilator agent were confirmed. However, it is important to be aware that the effects observed on respiratory mechanics may interfere with the final response of the respiratory system to NO.

title: Effects of inhaled XXXX on respiratory system mechanics, hemodynamics, and gas exchange after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-inflation']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present long-term results after mitral valve replacement with stent mounted @entity3584 preserved aortic allografts in @entity1 older than 15 years. The clinical support for this study was to combine the @entity3584 technique of biological tissue preservation with the advantages of allografts when compared to xenografts. This was demonstrated in previous studies using other methods of tissue processing. METHODS: Between September 1984 and November 1994, 70 @entity1 aged 16-77 years (mean 35.4 years) underwent mitral valve replacement with this preserved and mounted allograft. Of these, 40 @entity1 (57.2%) were aged 16-35 years and 15 (21.4%) were 20 years old or younger; 46 (65.7%) were females and 24 (34.3%) males. Single mitral valve replacement was performed in 60 @entity1 and 10 were also subjected to other combined cardiac procedures. @entity1 aortic valves were obtained during routine autopsy, processed in @entity3584 and mounted into flexible stents, using the same technique as that used for porcine bioprostheses. RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 1.4%. Total follow-up was 543.1 @entity1 -years, corresponding to a mean follow-up of 7.9 years per @entity1 . Echocardiography demonstrated a hemodynamic performance similar to porcine bioprostheses. Late mortality was 0.7 +/- 0.6% per @entity1 -year and the causes were @entity712 in 2, @entity884 in 1 and @entity583 in 1. The 12-year actuarial survival was 92.4 +/- 3.2%. The incidence of late complications was 5.2 +/- 1.2% per @entity1 -year, including @entity712 , @entity884 , periprosthetic leak, @entity1031 episodes, recurrence of @entity627 , @entity453 and allograft failure. Complications related to @entity299 represented 2.8 +/- 0.6% and allobioprosthesis-related 2.4 +/- 0.5% per @entity1 -year. The 12-year actuarial freedom from @entity712 was 81.0 +/- 15.0%. The incidence of reoperations was 1.5 +/- 0.8% per @entity1 -year and the main indication was @entity884 . Other causes were periprosthetic leak, @entity337 in the native @entity886 . Functional results demonstrated a significant improvement in @entity1 clinical condition. CONCLUSION: This 12-year follow-up shows a very low incidence of primary allograft failure for @entity1 older than 15 years undergoing mitral valve replacement, and much superior than our results with porcine bioprosthesis in the same age group. This supports our assumption that this investigational valve represents a new advance in cardiac valve surgery.

title: Mitral valve replacement with XXXX preserved aortic allografts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'primary valve failure']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve and allobioprosthesis dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic endocarditis']

answer: @entity3584 :: (MESH:D005976,Chemical) :: ['glutaraldehyde']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity5 of the esophagus who develop an @entity4501 die within 1 month in dramatic conditions of @entity3147 and @entity1763 . We assessed the beneficial palliative effect of the Kirschner operation in the treatment of @entity4501 . METHODS: Between January 1980 and August 1995, 21 @entity1 among a continuous series of 847 with @entity5 of the esophagus developed an @entity4501 . Prior to surgery, 2 @entity1 had an esophageal prosthesis followed by radio- and/or radiochemotherapy and 6 had radio- and/or chemotherapy at curative doses. The Kirschner operation was carried out in all @entity1 with exclusion of the lower end of the esophagus using a Roux-en Y-loop (n = 19) or ligature (n = 2). RESULTS: Within 1 month of surgery, 8 @entity1 (38%) died. Median length of stay in the intensive care unit and hospitalization was 6 days (1-30) and 17 days (3-57), respectively. Among the 13 survivors, @entity358 (n = 2) and cervical fistulae (n = 5) complicated the postoperative period. Among the cervical @entity292 , 3 of them resolved favorably. Radio- and/or chemotherapy was given postoperatively in 7 @entity1 without any improvement in survival. Among the 13 @entity1 surviving beyond the postoperative period, median survival was 109 days; 7 were able to resume oral nutrition and quality of life was assessed as excellent in 6 of them. CONCLUSION: The Kirschner operation can provide a beneficial palliative effect in @entity1 with an @entity4501 despite the high risk of operative mortality. Ideally, the Kirschner should be carried out in young @entity1 who are still in good general health, before the development of @entity1576 compromises surgery.

title: Gastric bypass for XXXX : a series of 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['esophagotracheal fistula']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

answer: @entity4501 :: (MESH:D014138,Disease) :: ['malignant esophagotracheal fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We studied the cellular constituents and the expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity6474 ) in @entity6654 (ERMs), attempting to correlate the presence of these growth factors with @entity941 leakage during angiography and with the amount of @entity3145 . METHODS: Idiopathic ERMs were excised at vitrectomy in 41 consecutive cases and stained for @entity538 ( @entity538 ), @entity2277 , cytokeratin, @entity2283 and actin. A subset of 13 cases for which @entity941 angiograms and colour retinal photographs were available was further studied for the presence of @entity7 and @entity6474 in the ERMs, @entity941 leakage and amount of @entity3145 . RESULTS: Of the 41 ERMs, 31 (76%) were found to be fibroglial by light microscopy; 40 (98%) stained for @entity538 , 39 (95%) for @entity2277 , 10 (24%) for cytokeratin, 3 (7%) for @entity2283 and 11 (27%) for actin. Of the 13 ERMs in the subset, staining was positive for @entity7 in 11 (85%) and for @entity6474 in 11 (85%). There was no statistically significant relationship between the presence of @entity7 and leakage (p = 0.68) or between the presence of @entity6474 and scar size (p = 0.90). When both @entity7 and @entity6474 were present, there was likely to be leakage or a large scar, or both, which suggested that an interaction exists between the two growth factors (p = 0.057). When leakage occurred, large scars were 2.5 times less likely to be present; when no leakage occurred, large scars were 2.5 times more likely to be present (odds ratio 0.4; Yules association coefficient -0.43). INTERPRETATION: The cells constituting idiopathic ERMs were primarily fibroglial with minimal staining evidence for the presence of contractile proteins in their cytoplasm. @entity7 and @entity6474 were present in 85% of specimens. Although there was no direct correlation between the presence of these growth factors and either @entity941 leakage or the abundance of scar tissue respectively, there was some evidence for the interaction of these growth factors in producing either leakage or abundance of scar tissue.

title: @entity6654 : cell type, growth factor expression, and XXXX angiographic and retinal photographic correlations.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['macular scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity6654 :: ('MESH:D019773', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epiretinal membranes']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity941 :: (MESH:D019793,Chemical) :: ['fluorescein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We studied the cellular constituents and the expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity6474 ) in @entity6654 (ERMs), attempting to correlate the presence of these growth factors with @entity941 leakage during angiography and with the amount of @entity3145 . METHODS: Idiopathic ERMs were excised at vitrectomy in 41 consecutive cases and stained for @entity538 ( @entity538 ), @entity2277 , cytokeratin, @entity2283 and actin. A subset of 13 cases for which @entity941 angiograms and colour retinal photographs were available was further studied for the presence of @entity7 and @entity6474 in the ERMs, @entity941 leakage and amount of @entity3145 . RESULTS: Of the 41 ERMs, 31 (76%) were found to be fibroglial by light microscopy; 40 (98%) stained for @entity538 , 39 (95%) for @entity2277 , 10 (24%) for cytokeratin, 3 (7%) for @entity2283 and 11 (27%) for actin. Of the 13 ERMs in the subset, staining was positive for @entity7 in 11 (85%) and for @entity6474 in 11 (85%). There was no statistically significant relationship between the presence of @entity7 and leakage (p = 0.68) or between the presence of @entity6474 and scar size (p = 0.90). When both @entity7 and @entity6474 were present, there was likely to be leakage or a large scar, or both, which suggested that an interaction exists between the two growth factors (p = 0.057). When leakage occurred, large scars were 2.5 times less likely to be present; when no leakage occurred, large scars were 2.5 times more likely to be present (odds ratio 0.4; Yules association coefficient -0.43). INTERPRETATION: The cells constituting idiopathic ERMs were primarily fibroglial with minimal staining evidence for the presence of contractile proteins in their cytoplasm. @entity7 and @entity6474 were present in 85% of specimens. Although there was no direct correlation between the presence of these growth factors and either @entity941 leakage or the abundance of scar tissue respectively, there was some evidence for the interaction of these growth factors in producing either leakage or abundance of scar tissue.

title: XXXX : cell type, growth factor expression, and @entity941 angiographic and retinal photographic correlations.

answer: @entity6654 :: (MESH:D019773,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic epiretinal membranes']


abstract: A cohort of 215 @entity370 @entity1 from the ACCESS study underwent a clinical evaluation at study enrollment and two years later. Approximately 80% of subjects had an improved or stable FVC, FEV1, chest radiograph determined by Scadding stage, and @entity1353 scale. African-Americans had less improvement in FVC than Caucasians (p = 0.04). @entity1 with @entity5406 at presentation were more likely to have improvement in the chest radiograph at two-year follow-up (p = 0.007). @entity1 with a lower annual family income were more likely to worsen with respect to @entity1353 (p = 0.01) and more likely to have new organ involvement at two-year follow-up (p = 0.045). The development of new organ involvement over the two year follow-up period was more common in African-Americans compared to Caucasians (p = 0.002) and more likely in those with extrapulmonary involvement at study entry (p = 0.003). There was an excellent concordance between changes in FVC and FEV1 over the two-year period. However, changes in FVC alone were inadequate to describe the change in pulmonary status of the @entity1 , as changes in chest radiographic findings or the level of @entity1353 did often but not always move in the same direction as FVC. In conclusion, data from this heterogeneous United States @entity370 population indicate that @entity370 tends to improve or remain stable over two years in the majority of @entity1 . Several factors associated with improved or worse outcome over two years were identified.

title: Two year prognosis of XXXX : the ACCESS experience.

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: We investigated various magnetic resonance MRI parameters for both brain and spinal cord to see if any improved the clinicoradiological correlation in @entity15 . Ninety-one @entity15 @entity1 (28 relapsing-remitting, 32 secondary progressive and 31 primary progressive) were imaged using conventional T1, proton density- and T2-weighted MRI of the brain and spinal cord. Focal brain and spinal cord lesion load was scored, as were @entity66 , brain ventricular volume and spinal cord cross-sectional area. Clinical measures included the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), the functional systems score and a dedicated urology complaint questionnaire. Secondary progressive @entity1 differed from relapsing-remitting and primary progressive @entity1 by a larger number of hypointense T1 lesions in the @entity2504 and @entity602 . Primary progressive @entity1 more often had @entity66 in the brain and/or spinal cord than did relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive @entity1 . In the entire study population, EDSS correlated with both brain and spinal cord MRI parameters, which were independent. The urological complaint score correlated only with spinal cord MRI parameters. In relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive @entity15 , the correlation between MRI and clinical parameters was better than in the entire population. In this subgroup EDSS variance could be explained best by T1 @entity75 load, ventricle volume and spinal cord cross-sectional area. In the primary progressive subgroup the clinicoradiological correlation was weak for brain parameters but was present between @entity602 and spinal cord MRI parameters. In conclusion, the different brain and spinal cord MRI parameters currently available revealed considerable heterogeneity between clinical subtypes of @entity15 . In relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive @entity15 both brain and spinal cord MRI may provide a tool for monitoring @entity1 , while in primary progressive @entity15 the clinicoradiological correlation is weak for brain imaging.

title: Brain and XXXX in @entity15 . Correlation between MRI parameters, clinical subtypes and symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['brain, ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse abnormalities', 'diffuse signal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord atrophy', 'spinal cord symptoms']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord abnormalities']


abstract: We investigated various magnetic resonance MRI parameters for both brain and spinal cord to see if any improved the clinicoradiological correlation in @entity15 . Ninety-one @entity15 @entity1 (28 relapsing-remitting, 32 secondary progressive and 31 primary progressive) were imaged using conventional T1, proton density- and T2-weighted MRI of the brain and spinal cord. Focal brain and spinal cord lesion load was scored, as were @entity66 , brain ventricular volume and spinal cord cross-sectional area. Clinical measures included the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), the functional systems score and a dedicated urology complaint questionnaire. Secondary progressive @entity1 differed from relapsing-remitting and primary progressive @entity1 by a larger number of hypointense T1 lesions in the @entity2504 and @entity602 . Primary progressive @entity1 more often had @entity66 in the brain and/or spinal cord than did relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive @entity1 . In the entire study population, EDSS correlated with both brain and spinal cord MRI parameters, which were independent. The urological complaint score correlated only with spinal cord MRI parameters. In relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive @entity15 , the correlation between MRI and clinical parameters was better than in the entire population. In this subgroup EDSS variance could be explained best by T1 @entity75 load, ventricle volume and spinal cord cross-sectional area. In the primary progressive subgroup the clinicoradiological correlation was weak for brain parameters but was present between @entity602 and spinal cord MRI parameters. In conclusion, the different brain and spinal cord MRI parameters currently available revealed considerable heterogeneity between clinical subtypes of @entity15 . In relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive @entity15 both brain and spinal cord MRI may provide a tool for monitoring @entity1 , while in primary progressive @entity15 the clinicoradiological correlation is weak for brain imaging.

title: Brain and @entity602 in XXXX . Correlation between MRI parameters, clinical subtypes and symptoms.

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are popularly prescribed for treating @entity308 . With a few exceptions, these psychotropic medications are not approved by aeromedical regulatory authorities for use by aviators. Since SSRIs have the potential for impairing performance and causing drug-drug interactions, the prevalence of SSRIs in pilot fatalities of civil aviation accidents was evaluated. METHODS: Postmortem samples from pilots involved in fatal civil aircraft accidents are submitted to the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) for toxicological evaluation. Findings from such evaluations are maintained in the CAMI Toxicology Database. This database was examined for the presence of SSRIs in pilot fatalities of the accidents that occurred during 1990-2001. RESULTS: Out of 4,184 fatal civil aviation accidents from which CAMI received samples, there were 61 accidents in which pilot fatalities had SSRIs. Of these accidents, 56 were of the general aviation category, 2 were of the air taxi and commuter category, 2 were of the agricultural category, and 1 was of the ultralight category. Blood concentrations of SSRIs in the fatalities were 11-1121 ng x ml(-1) for @entity905 ; 47-13102 ng x ml(-1) for @entity3756 ; 68-1441 ng x ml(-1) for @entity903 ; and 314-462 ng x ml(-1) for @entity837 . In 39 of the 61 pilots, other drugs--for example, analgesics, antihistaminics, @entity1245 , narcotic analgesics, and/or sympathomimetics--and/or @entity1068 were also present. As determined by the National Transportation Safety Board, the use of an SSRI [with or without other drug(s) and/or @entity1068 ] has been a contributory factor in at least 9 of the 61 accidents. CONCLUSIONS: Numbers of SSRI-involved accidents were low, and blood SSRI concentrations in the associated pilot fatalities ranged from subtherapeutic to toxic levels. However, the interactive effects of other drug(s), @entity1068 , and/or even altitude @entity519 in producing adverse effects in the pilots cannot be ruled out. Findings from this study should be useful in investigating SSRI and other substance-involved accidents and in making decisions concerning the use of SSRIs in aviation.

title: Selective XXXX reuptake inhibitors in pilot fatalities of civil aviation accidents, 1990-2001.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: Loss of heterozygosity and allelic imbalance data has shown that there are two distinct regions of loss on chromosome 18q associated with the progression of @entity263 (CaP). To investigate the functional significance of chromosome 18q loci in CaP, we utilized the technique of microcell-mediated chromosome transfer to introduce an intact chromosome 18 into the @entity1 @entity263 cell line, PC-3. Three of the resulting hybrid lines were compared to the PC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo. The hybrid cell lines, containing an intact copy of the introduced chromosome 18, exhibited a substantial reduction in anchorage-dependent and independent growth in vitro. These hybrid cell lines also made smaller @entity5 in @entity19 following subcutaneous injection compared to PC-3 cells. Because @entity5 growth was not completely eliminated by introduction of chromosome 18, we assessed the ability of the hybrids to metastasize to bone after intra-cardiac inoculation in a nude @entity19 model. @entity19 inoculated with PC-3 hybrids containing intact copies of chromosome 18 had significantly fewer bone @entity3 and dramatically improved survival compared to PC-3 cells. In addition, the introduction of chromosome 18 significantly reduced @entity5 burden in extraskeletal sites. This was not because of differences in growth rates because @entity19 bearing hybrids were monitored for @entity3 over twice as long as @entity19 bearing PC-3 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that chromosome 18 has a functional role in CaP to suppress growth and @entity3 . Identification of the responsible gene(s) may lead to molecular targets for drug discovery.

title: Chromosome 18 suppresses XXXX @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Loss of heterozygosity and allelic imbalance data has shown that there are two distinct regions of loss on chromosome 18q associated with the progression of @entity263 (CaP). To investigate the functional significance of chromosome 18q loci in CaP, we utilized the technique of microcell-mediated chromosome transfer to introduce an intact chromosome 18 into the @entity1 @entity263 cell line, PC-3. Three of the resulting hybrid lines were compared to the PC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo. The hybrid cell lines, containing an intact copy of the introduced chromosome 18, exhibited a substantial reduction in anchorage-dependent and independent growth in vitro. These hybrid cell lines also made smaller @entity5 in @entity19 following subcutaneous injection compared to PC-3 cells. Because @entity5 growth was not completely eliminated by introduction of chromosome 18, we assessed the ability of the hybrids to metastasize to bone after intra-cardiac inoculation in a nude @entity19 model. @entity19 inoculated with PC-3 hybrids containing intact copies of chromosome 18 had significantly fewer bone @entity3 and dramatically improved survival compared to PC-3 cells. In addition, the introduction of chromosome 18 significantly reduced @entity5 burden in extraskeletal sites. This was not because of differences in growth rates because @entity19 bearing hybrids were monitored for @entity3 over twice as long as @entity19 bearing PC-3 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that chromosome 18 has a functional role in CaP to suppress growth and @entity3 . Identification of the responsible gene(s) may lead to molecular targets for drug discovery.

title: Chromosome 18 suppresses @entity263 XXXX .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: To date functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has not been extensively used in presurgical evaluation of @entity1 with intractable @entity302 . @entity1 S.P. presented with @entity410 , secondary to a large @entity9670 cyst that encompassed much of his occipital and temporal cortex and a substantial portion of ipsilateral parietal cortex. Nevertheless, S.P. did not demonstrate any gross impairments of praxis or speech. Scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) telemetry revealed reduced background activity in the left hemisphere, an absence of identifiable normal sleep states, and confirmed the left frontal origin of his @entity410 with a prolonged postictal state, suggesting that the remaining cortex in S.P.'s left hemisphere did not function normally despite his apparently normal appearance. Dichotic listening results also suggested that S.P. had an atypical language representation suggestive of either bilateral or right hemisphere speech representation. Surgical intervention to remove the remaining left hemisphere cortex was a serious consideration for treatment of S.P.'s @entity410 . We used fMRI to evaluate whether or not the remaining cortex in S.P.'s left hemisphere supported any cognitive or motor functions. Even though the volume of cerebral cortex was severely reduced and displaced in the left hemisphere, fMRI revealed significant activation in this remaining tissue in response to motor, somatosensory, and word generation tasks. In other words, we were able to demonstrate using fMRI that the remaining tissue in S.P.'s left hemisphere continued to support some motor and cognitive functions. The possible implications of these findings in terms of functional reorganisation are discussed briefly.

title: Spared somatomotor and cognitive functions in a @entity1 with a large XXXX cyst revealed by fMRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity9670 :: ('MESH:D065708', 'Disease') :: ['porencephalic']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal originating seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity9670 :: (MESH:D065708,Disease) :: ['porencephalic']


abstract: To date functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has not been extensively used in presurgical evaluation of @entity1 with intractable @entity302 . @entity1 S.P. presented with @entity410 , secondary to a large @entity9670 cyst that encompassed much of his occipital and temporal cortex and a substantial portion of ipsilateral parietal cortex. Nevertheless, S.P. did not demonstrate any gross impairments of praxis or speech. Scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) telemetry revealed reduced background activity in the left hemisphere, an absence of identifiable normal sleep states, and confirmed the left frontal origin of his @entity410 with a prolonged postictal state, suggesting that the remaining cortex in S.P.'s left hemisphere did not function normally despite his apparently normal appearance. Dichotic listening results also suggested that S.P. had an atypical language representation suggestive of either bilateral or right hemisphere speech representation. Surgical intervention to remove the remaining left hemisphere cortex was a serious consideration for treatment of S.P.'s @entity410 . We used fMRI to evaluate whether or not the remaining cortex in S.P.'s left hemisphere supported any cognitive or motor functions. Even though the volume of cerebral cortex was severely reduced and displaced in the left hemisphere, fMRI revealed significant activation in this remaining tissue in response to motor, somatosensory, and word generation tasks. In other words, we were able to demonstrate using fMRI that the remaining tissue in S.P.'s left hemisphere continued to support some motor and cognitive functions. The possible implications of these findings in terms of functional reorganisation are discussed briefly.

title: Spared somatomotor and cognitive functions in a XXXX with a large @entity9670 cyst revealed by fMRI.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: When myoblasts fuse into myotubes, the organisation of the cytoskeleton changes dramatically. For example, microtubules emanate in a radial array form the centrosome in myoblasts, but form linear arrays not linked to a centrosome in myotubes. It is not clear how these linear arrays are formed and nucleated. They could arise in a number of ways: by nucleation and release from centrosomal like structures, cytoplasmic assembly, breakage/severing or nucleation from non-centrosomal sites. To test which of the above mechanisms or combination of mechanisms are responsible we investigated the re-formation of microtubules after depolymerisation by @entity10612 , using antibodies against @entity16144 , gamma-tubulin, @entity43162 , and tyrosinated @entity9653 . In myoblasts, we found that when microtubules were allowed to recover after complete depolymerisation with @entity10612 , microtubule recovery began within 1 min and was complete after 5 min. Microtubules grew out from the centrosome, which was positively stained for gamma-tubulin or @entity16144 . In untreated myotubes, microtubules were arranged in linear arrays, with @entity43162 at their ends. The pericentriolar protein, @entity16144 was arranged in a band around the nucleus as well as discrete spots in the cytoplasm. In contrast, the microtubule nucleating protein gamma-tubulin was not found in a band around the nucleus, but was found in several punctuate spots throughout the cytoplasm. Further, when microtubules were allowed to recover, after complete depolymerisation with @entity10612 , recovery was not as rapid as that seen in myoblasts, and we found that regrowth began with the formation of short microtubule fragments throughout the cytoplasm. Gamma-tubulin was associated with these fragments. These results suggest that in myotubes, nucleation of microtubules can be non-centrosomal.

title: Microtubule assembly in cultured myoblasts and myotubes following XXXX induced microtubule depolymerisation.

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['nocodazole']

answer: @entity10612 :: (MESH:D015739,Chemical) :: ['nocodazole']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bone scan is performed as part of the evaluation of bone @entity3 . We assessed the diagnostic value of bone scan in @entity1 with @entity1358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bone scan was performed at presentation in 205 @entity1 with confirmed @entity1358 . Abnormal hot areas were further evaluated by x-ray, computerized tomography or surgery. RESULTS: Of the 56 @entity1 (27%) with an abnormal bone scan 32 (57%) had osseous metastatic lesions. Overall bone @entity3 was present in 34 of the 205 @entity1 (17%). Bone scan had 94% sensitivity and 86% specificity. Of the 124 @entity1 with clinically localized, stages T1-2N0M0 disease exclusive of bone @entity3 6 (5%) had bone @entity3 only, whereas 28 of 81 (35%) with locally advanced or @entity3 had bone @entity3 , including 12 (35%) who complained of @entity158 and 19 (56%) who presented with other symptoms due to local @entity5 growth or @entity3 at other sites. Three @entity1 (9%) were asymptomatic. There was osseous @entity3 without other @entity3 , enlarged regional lymph nodes or @entity158 in 7 @entity1 , including 1 with stage T1b (2% of all with that stage), 2 with stage T2 (5%), 1 with stage T3a (4%), 1 with stage T3b (6%), 1 with stage T3c (14%) and 1 with stage T4 (6%) disease. CONCLUSIONS: Bone scan may be omitted in @entity1 with stages T1-3aN0M0 @entity5 and no @entity158 because of the low proportion of missed cases with bone @entity3 .

title: The diagnostic value of bone scan in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bone scan is performed as part of the evaluation of bone @entity3 . We assessed the diagnostic value of bone scan in @entity1 with @entity1358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bone scan was performed at presentation in 205 @entity1 with confirmed @entity1358 . Abnormal hot areas were further evaluated by x-ray, computerized tomography or surgery. RESULTS: Of the 56 @entity1 (27%) with an abnormal bone scan 32 (57%) had osseous metastatic lesions. Overall bone @entity3 was present in 34 of the 205 @entity1 (17%). Bone scan had 94% sensitivity and 86% specificity. Of the 124 @entity1 with clinically localized, stages T1-2N0M0 disease exclusive of bone @entity3 6 (5%) had bone @entity3 only, whereas 28 of 81 (35%) with locally advanced or @entity3 had bone @entity3 , including 12 (35%) who complained of @entity158 and 19 (56%) who presented with other symptoms due to local @entity5 growth or @entity3 at other sites. Three @entity1 (9%) were asymptomatic. There was osseous @entity3 without other @entity3 , enlarged regional lymph nodes or @entity158 in 7 @entity1 , including 1 with stage T1b (2% of all with that stage), 2 with stage T2 (5%), 1 with stage T3a (4%), 1 with stage T3b (6%), 1 with stage T3c (14%) and 1 with stage T4 (6%) disease. CONCLUSIONS: Bone scan may be omitted in @entity1 with stages T1-3aN0M0 @entity5 and no @entity158 because of the low proportion of missed cases with bone @entity3 .

title: The diagnostic value of bone scan in XXXX with @entity1358 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: Trials focusing on unresectable multifocal @entity463 are needed because of the extremely poor prognosis and challenges in receiving standard therapy, such as concurrent radiation and chemotherapy.Developing a strategy to chemically @entity5 before radiation and/or surgery is warranted. BACKGROUND: Extent of resection remains a key prognostic factor in @entity463 ( @entity463 ), with gross total resection providing a better prognosis than biopsy or subtotal resection. We conducted a phase II trial of upfront therapy with bevacizumab (BV), @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ), and @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) prior to chemoradiation in @entity1 with unresectable, subtotally resected, and/or multifocal @entity463 . METHODS: @entity1 received up to 4 cycles of @entity2904 at 200 mg/m(2) per day on days 1-5 (standard dosing) and BV at 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks on a 28-day cycle. @entity2600 was given every 2 weeks on a 28-day cycle at 125 mg/m(2) or 340 mg/m(2) depending on antiepileptic drugs. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was done every 4 weeks, and treatment continued as long as there was no @entity5 progression or unmanageable @entity137 . The primary endpoint was @entity5 response rate, with a goal of 26% or greater. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 were enrolled from December 2009 to November 2010. Radiographic responses were as follows: 9 @entity1 (22.0%) had partial response, 25 (61.0%) had stable disease, and 2 (4.9%) had progression; 5 @entity1 were not assessed. Cumulative response rate was 22%. Median overall survival was 12 months (95% confidence interval: 7.2-13.5 months). CONCLUSION: Upfront treatment with BV, @entity2904 , and @entity2600 is tolerable and can lead to radiographic response in unresectable and/or subtotally resected @entity463 .

title: Phase II Trial of Upfront Bevacizumab, @entity2600 , and @entity2903 for Unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['debulk tumors', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastoma']


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: Trials focusing on unresectable multifocal @entity463 are needed because of the extremely poor prognosis and challenges in receiving standard therapy, such as concurrent radiation and chemotherapy.Developing a strategy to chemically @entity5 before radiation and/or surgery is warranted. BACKGROUND: Extent of resection remains a key prognostic factor in @entity463 ( @entity463 ), with gross total resection providing a better prognosis than biopsy or subtotal resection. We conducted a phase II trial of upfront therapy with bevacizumab (BV), @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ), and @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) prior to chemoradiation in @entity1 with unresectable, subtotally resected, and/or multifocal @entity463 . METHODS: @entity1 received up to 4 cycles of @entity2904 at 200 mg/m(2) per day on days 1-5 (standard dosing) and BV at 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks on a 28-day cycle. @entity2600 was given every 2 weeks on a 28-day cycle at 125 mg/m(2) or 340 mg/m(2) depending on antiepileptic drugs. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was done every 4 weeks, and treatment continued as long as there was no @entity5 progression or unmanageable @entity137 . The primary endpoint was @entity5 response rate, with a goal of 26% or greater. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 were enrolled from December 2009 to November 2010. Radiographic responses were as follows: 9 @entity1 (22.0%) had partial response, 25 (61.0%) had stable disease, and 2 (4.9%) had progression; 5 @entity1 were not assessed. Cumulative response rate was 22%. Median overall survival was 12 months (95% confidence interval: 7.2-13.5 months). CONCLUSION: Upfront treatment with BV, @entity2904 , and @entity2600 is tolerable and can lead to radiographic response in unresectable and/or subtotally resected @entity463 .

title: Phase II Trial of Upfront Bevacizumab, @entity2600 , and XXXX for Unresectable @entity463 .

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['Temozolomide']


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: Trials focusing on unresectable multifocal @entity463 are needed because of the extremely poor prognosis and challenges in receiving standard therapy, such as concurrent radiation and chemotherapy.Developing a strategy to chemically @entity5 before radiation and/or surgery is warranted. BACKGROUND: Extent of resection remains a key prognostic factor in @entity463 ( @entity463 ), with gross total resection providing a better prognosis than biopsy or subtotal resection. We conducted a phase II trial of upfront therapy with bevacizumab (BV), @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ), and @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) prior to chemoradiation in @entity1 with unresectable, subtotally resected, and/or multifocal @entity463 . METHODS: @entity1 received up to 4 cycles of @entity2904 at 200 mg/m(2) per day on days 1-5 (standard dosing) and BV at 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks on a 28-day cycle. @entity2600 was given every 2 weeks on a 28-day cycle at 125 mg/m(2) or 340 mg/m(2) depending on antiepileptic drugs. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was done every 4 weeks, and treatment continued as long as there was no @entity5 progression or unmanageable @entity137 . The primary endpoint was @entity5 response rate, with a goal of 26% or greater. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 were enrolled from December 2009 to November 2010. Radiographic responses were as follows: 9 @entity1 (22.0%) had partial response, 25 (61.0%) had stable disease, and 2 (4.9%) had progression; 5 @entity1 were not assessed. Cumulative response rate was 22%. Median overall survival was 12 months (95% confidence interval: 7.2-13.5 months). CONCLUSION: Upfront treatment with BV, @entity2904 , and @entity2600 is tolerable and can lead to radiographic response in unresectable and/or subtotally resected @entity463 .

title: Phase II Trial of Upfront Bevacizumab, XXXX , and @entity2903 for Unresectable @entity463 .

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['Irinotecan']


abstract: @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) to the @entity35 sciatic nerve results in @entity2331 in the affected hind limb. One possible mechanism for this @entity2331 is @entity13624 , in which neuropeptides, represented by substance @entity10133 ), are involved. We attempted to determine whether @entity2951 treatment, which can deplete SP from nerve terminals, is effective in inhibiting @entity2331 induced by @entity8638 . @entity2951 (total dose, 125 mg/kg) or the vehicle alone was given intraperitoneally to adult @entity35 2 days before (Experiment 1) and 7 days after (Experiment 2) @entity8638 surgery. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was measured prior to and every week for 5 weeks after surgery. Bone mineral density (BMD) and the number of osteoclasts in tibial bones were determined 5 weeks after surgery. In @entity35 treated with the vehicle, BMD on the @entity8638 side was decreased significantly, while the number of osteoclasts was significantly increased in both experiments. @entity2951 treatment either before or 1 week after surgery inhibited the decreases in BMD as well as the increase in the number of osteoclasts on the @entity8638 side. PWL for the @entity8638 side in the vehicle group was significantly shorter than for the sham side in both experiments. However, @entity2951 treatment before surgery resolved @entity1931 in Experiment 1, while in Experiment 2, even though @entity1931 developed on the @entity8638 side, it was resolved by @entity2951 treatment. The results of the present study show that @entity2951 inhibits the development of @entity2331 as well as @entity1931 induced by @entity8638 . They also support our hypothesis that neurogenic SP release is involved in the pathogenesis of bony changes induced by @entity8638 .

title: @entity2951 treatment inhibits XXXX and @entity1931 induced by chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin', 'capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['CCI', 'Chronic constriction injury']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

answer: @entity2331 :: (MESH:D001851,Disease) :: ['osteopenia']


abstract: @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) to the @entity35 sciatic nerve results in @entity2331 in the affected hind limb. One possible mechanism for this @entity2331 is @entity13624 , in which neuropeptides, represented by substance @entity10133 ), are involved. We attempted to determine whether @entity2951 treatment, which can deplete SP from nerve terminals, is effective in inhibiting @entity2331 induced by @entity8638 . @entity2951 (total dose, 125 mg/kg) or the vehicle alone was given intraperitoneally to adult @entity35 2 days before (Experiment 1) and 7 days after (Experiment 2) @entity8638 surgery. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was measured prior to and every week for 5 weeks after surgery. Bone mineral density (BMD) and the number of osteoclasts in tibial bones were determined 5 weeks after surgery. In @entity35 treated with the vehicle, BMD on the @entity8638 side was decreased significantly, while the number of osteoclasts was significantly increased in both experiments. @entity2951 treatment either before or 1 week after surgery inhibited the decreases in BMD as well as the increase in the number of osteoclasts on the @entity8638 side. PWL for the @entity8638 side in the vehicle group was significantly shorter than for the sham side in both experiments. However, @entity2951 treatment before surgery resolved @entity1931 in Experiment 1, while in Experiment 2, even though @entity1931 developed on the @entity8638 side, it was resolved by @entity2951 treatment. The results of the present study show that @entity2951 inhibits the development of @entity2331 as well as @entity1931 induced by @entity8638 . They also support our hypothesis that neurogenic SP release is involved in the pathogenesis of bony changes induced by @entity8638 .

title: @entity2951 treatment inhibits @entity2331 and XXXX induced by chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve in @entity35 .

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['heat hyperalgesia']


abstract: @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) to the @entity35 sciatic nerve results in @entity2331 in the affected hind limb. One possible mechanism for this @entity2331 is @entity13624 , in which neuropeptides, represented by substance @entity10133 ), are involved. We attempted to determine whether @entity2951 treatment, which can deplete SP from nerve terminals, is effective in inhibiting @entity2331 induced by @entity8638 . @entity2951 (total dose, 125 mg/kg) or the vehicle alone was given intraperitoneally to adult @entity35 2 days before (Experiment 1) and 7 days after (Experiment 2) @entity8638 surgery. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was measured prior to and every week for 5 weeks after surgery. Bone mineral density (BMD) and the number of osteoclasts in tibial bones were determined 5 weeks after surgery. In @entity35 treated with the vehicle, BMD on the @entity8638 side was decreased significantly, while the number of osteoclasts was significantly increased in both experiments. @entity2951 treatment either before or 1 week after surgery inhibited the decreases in BMD as well as the increase in the number of osteoclasts on the @entity8638 side. PWL for the @entity8638 side in the vehicle group was significantly shorter than for the sham side in both experiments. However, @entity2951 treatment before surgery resolved @entity1931 in Experiment 1, while in Experiment 2, even though @entity1931 developed on the @entity8638 side, it was resolved by @entity2951 treatment. The results of the present study show that @entity2951 inhibits the development of @entity2331 as well as @entity1931 induced by @entity8638 . They also support our hypothesis that neurogenic SP release is involved in the pathogenesis of bony changes induced by @entity8638 .

title: XXXX treatment inhibits @entity2331 and @entity1931 induced by chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve in @entity35 .

answer: @entity2951 :: (MESH:D002211,Chemical) :: ['Capsaicin']


abstract: @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) to the @entity35 sciatic nerve results in @entity2331 in the affected hind limb. One possible mechanism for this @entity2331 is @entity13624 , in which neuropeptides, represented by substance @entity10133 ), are involved. We attempted to determine whether @entity2951 treatment, which can deplete SP from nerve terminals, is effective in inhibiting @entity2331 induced by @entity8638 . @entity2951 (total dose, 125 mg/kg) or the vehicle alone was given intraperitoneally to adult @entity35 2 days before (Experiment 1) and 7 days after (Experiment 2) @entity8638 surgery. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was measured prior to and every week for 5 weeks after surgery. Bone mineral density (BMD) and the number of osteoclasts in tibial bones were determined 5 weeks after surgery. In @entity35 treated with the vehicle, BMD on the @entity8638 side was decreased significantly, while the number of osteoclasts was significantly increased in both experiments. @entity2951 treatment either before or 1 week after surgery inhibited the decreases in BMD as well as the increase in the number of osteoclasts on the @entity8638 side. PWL for the @entity8638 side in the vehicle group was significantly shorter than for the sham side in both experiments. However, @entity2951 treatment before surgery resolved @entity1931 in Experiment 1, while in Experiment 2, even though @entity1931 developed on the @entity8638 side, it was resolved by @entity2951 treatment. The results of the present study show that @entity2951 inhibits the development of @entity2331 as well as @entity1931 induced by @entity8638 . They also support our hypothesis that neurogenic SP release is involved in the pathogenesis of bony changes induced by @entity8638 .

title: @entity2951 treatment inhibits @entity2331 and @entity1931 induced by chronic constriction injury to the sciatic nerve in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the involvement of central nervous system factors in the etiology of childhood nocturnal @entity11795 , an ongoing study of the fine neurology and neurophysiology has been instituted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 22 @entity1 8 to 14 years old were subcategorized sporadic and familial groups. @entity1 underwent a number of examinations, including a complete family pedigree; blood samples for linkage analyses; pediatric examination; urinalysis; uroflowmetry with pelvic floor electromyography; 24-hour flow charts; parental micturition questionnaire; @entity1 behavior checklist; intelligence test; standardized @entity1 psychiatric interview; acoustic, visual and event related late evoked potentials; Zurich Neuromotor Test @entity427 . In this preliminary report only the results of the Zurich Neuromotor Test @entity427 are reported. RESULTS: In the Zurich Neuromotor Test Battery @entity1 with @entity11795 had a longer timed performance but did not have more associated movements than the controls. In the startle-blink modulation paradigm inhibition of the electromyograph amplitudes was greatest following prestimulation with an interval of 120 milliseconds. This inhibition is known to be reduced among @entity1 with @entity11795 compared to nonwetting @entity1 . The results indicated a general developmental (neuromotor) delay, in addition to specific dysfunction of the brain stem in @entity1 with @entity11795 . The pre-pulse inhibition, as well as inhibition of bladder emptying at sleep, are regulated by brainstem centers in close anatomical proximity to the pontine micturition center and by analogous mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced pre-pulse inhibition may represent a genetically transmitted trait indicative of nocturnal @entity11795 .

title: Central nervous system involvement in nocturnal XXXX : evidence of general neuromotor delay and specific brainstem dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['Battery and startle-blink paradigm', 'Battery and the startle-blink paradigm']

answer: @entity11795 :: (MESH:D004775,Disease) :: ['enuresis']


abstract: A new schedule with @entity900 and @entity136 administered biweekly was prospectively evaluated in stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 . We report the interim analysis of the safety and efficacy with the first 23 @entity1 included. The mean age was 60. Thirteen @entity1 (56.5%) were stage IIIB and 10 (43.5%) were stage IV The overall response rate was 47.8%: 69.2% for stage IIIB and 20% for stage IV The median survival among the 23 @entity1 was 33 weeks and 1-year survival was 39%: 53.8% for stage IIIB and 20% for stage IV Seventy-seven cycles (154 administrations) were given. The mean number of cycles/ @entity1 was 3.3 (range: 1 to 6). Of the 154 administrations, 26 were delayed 1 week for recovery from @entity137 . The dose intensity (Hryniuk criteria) was 94% of the planned dose. There was one toxic death with grade 4 @entity882 and grade 4 @entity2910 . In two @entity1 , grade 3-4 vascular @entity137 was observed, with distal arterial ischemic changes in the lower extremities. There were three (3.9%) episodes of grade 2 @entity1398 , one (1.7%) of grade 3 and another one of grade 4. No cases of @entity1398 were seen. Predominant nonhematologic @entity137 were @entity1395 and @entity390 / @entity391 . This schedule of @entity900 and @entity136 has a good therapeutic index and, as it is active, enrollment is ongoing to complete the second part of the study.

title: A novel biweekly schedule with XXXX and @entity136 in advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: A new schedule with @entity900 and @entity136 administered biweekly was prospectively evaluated in stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 . We report the interim analysis of the safety and efficacy with the first 23 @entity1 included. The mean age was 60. Thirteen @entity1 (56.5%) were stage IIIB and 10 (43.5%) were stage IV The overall response rate was 47.8%: 69.2% for stage IIIB and 20% for stage IV The median survival among the 23 @entity1 was 33 weeks and 1-year survival was 39%: 53.8% for stage IIIB and 20% for stage IV Seventy-seven cycles (154 administrations) were given. The mean number of cycles/ @entity1 was 3.3 (range: 1 to 6). Of the 154 administrations, 26 were delayed 1 week for recovery from @entity137 . The dose intensity (Hryniuk criteria) was 94% of the planned dose. There was one toxic death with grade 4 @entity882 and grade 4 @entity2910 . In two @entity1 , grade 3-4 vascular @entity137 was observed, with distal arterial ischemic changes in the lower extremities. There were three (3.9%) episodes of grade 2 @entity1398 , one (1.7%) of grade 3 and another one of grade 4. No cases of @entity1398 were seen. Predominant nonhematologic @entity137 were @entity1395 and @entity390 / @entity391 . This schedule of @entity900 and @entity136 has a good therapeutic index and, as it is active, enrollment is ongoing to complete the second part of the study.

title: A novel biweekly schedule with @entity900 and @entity136 in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: A new schedule with @entity900 and @entity136 administered biweekly was prospectively evaluated in stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 . We report the interim analysis of the safety and efficacy with the first 23 @entity1 included. The mean age was 60. Thirteen @entity1 (56.5%) were stage IIIB and 10 (43.5%) were stage IV The overall response rate was 47.8%: 69.2% for stage IIIB and 20% for stage IV The median survival among the 23 @entity1 was 33 weeks and 1-year survival was 39%: 53.8% for stage IIIB and 20% for stage IV Seventy-seven cycles (154 administrations) were given. The mean number of cycles/ @entity1 was 3.3 (range: 1 to 6). Of the 154 administrations, 26 were delayed 1 week for recovery from @entity137 . The dose intensity (Hryniuk criteria) was 94% of the planned dose. There was one toxic death with grade 4 @entity882 and grade 4 @entity2910 . In two @entity1 , grade 3-4 vascular @entity137 was observed, with distal arterial ischemic changes in the lower extremities. There were three (3.9%) episodes of grade 2 @entity1398 , one (1.7%) of grade 3 and another one of grade 4. No cases of @entity1398 were seen. Predominant nonhematologic @entity137 were @entity1395 and @entity390 / @entity391 . This schedule of @entity900 and @entity136 has a good therapeutic index and, as it is active, enrollment is ongoing to complete the second part of the study.

title: A novel biweekly schedule with @entity900 and XXXX in advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The early detection of @entity5 is one of the most promising approaches to reduce its growing burden and develop a curative treatment before the @entity5 is established. The early diagnosis of @entity0 is the most demanding of all @entity5 , because it is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 worldwide. We have described a new approach to analyze humoral immune reactions against 4 T1 cell antigens in female @entity19 , reporting that the IgG and IgM responses differed and varied over time and between individuals. In this study, we compared and analyzed the detection of @entity5 antigens with IgG and IgM from the sera of male @entity19 that were injected with 4 T1 cells into the mammary gland nipple in 2D immunoblot images. The variability in IgM and IgG responses in female and male @entity19 with @entity0 at various stages of disease was characterized, and the properties with regard to antigen recognition were correlated statistically with variables that were associated with the individuals and @entity5 . The ensuing IgG and IgM responses differed. Only the IgG response decreased over time in female @entity19 - not in male @entity19 . The IgM response was maintained during @entity5 development in both sexes. Each @entity19 had a specific pattern of antigen recognition - ie, an immunological signature - represented by a unique set of antigen spots that were recognized by IgM or IgG. These data would support that rationale IgM is a better tool for early diagnosis, because it is not subject to immunosuppression like IgG in female @entity19 with @entity0 .

title: Comparison patterns of 4 T1 antigens recognized by humoral immune response mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies in female and male @entity19 with XXXX using 2D-immnunoblots.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The early detection of @entity5 is one of the most promising approaches to reduce its growing burden and develop a curative treatment before the @entity5 is established. The early diagnosis of @entity0 is the most demanding of all @entity5 , because it is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 worldwide. We have described a new approach to analyze humoral immune reactions against 4 T1 cell antigens in female @entity19 , reporting that the IgG and IgM responses differed and varied over time and between individuals. In this study, we compared and analyzed the detection of @entity5 antigens with IgG and IgM from the sera of male @entity19 that were injected with 4 T1 cells into the mammary gland nipple in 2D immunoblot images. The variability in IgM and IgG responses in female and male @entity19 with @entity0 at various stages of disease was characterized, and the properties with regard to antigen recognition were correlated statistically with variables that were associated with the individuals and @entity5 . The ensuing IgG and IgM responses differed. Only the IgG response decreased over time in female @entity19 - not in male @entity19 . The IgM response was maintained during @entity5 development in both sexes. Each @entity19 had a specific pattern of antigen recognition - ie, an immunological signature - represented by a unique set of antigen spots that were recognized by IgM or IgG. These data would support that rationale IgM is a better tool for early diagnosis, because it is not subject to immunosuppression like IgG in female @entity19 with @entity0 .

title: Comparison patterns of 4 T1 antigens recognized by humoral immune response mediated by IgG and IgM antibodies in female and male XXXX with @entity0 using 2D-immnunoblots.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reference-based pricing limits reimbursement for a group of drugs that are deemed therapeutically equivalent to the cost of the lowest-priced product within that group. We estimated the effect of reference-based pricing of @entity1507 drugs used for long-term prophylaxis on prescribing of and expenditures on @entity3362 and other anti-anginal drugs dispensed to senior citizens in British Columbia. METHODS: We assessed trends in the monthly volume of prescriptions of anti-anginal drugs and the associated drug ingredient cost paid by the province's publicly funded drug subsidy program, Pharmacare, and by the @entity1 themselves for the period April 1994 to May 1999. Trends in monthly rates of @entity1507 expenditures per 100,000 senior citizens before the introduction of reference-based pricing were extrapolated to infer what expenditures would have been without the policy. RESULTS: During the 3 1/2 years after reference-based pricing was introduced, Pharmacare expenditures on @entity3362 prescribed to senior citizens declined by  14.9 million (95% confidence interval  10.7 to  19.1 million). Most of these savings were due to the lower prices that Pharmacare paid for sustained-release @entity1242 tablets and the @entity1242 patch, which were the 2 most frequently prescribed @entity3362 before the introduction of reference-based pricing;  1.2 million (8%) of the savings represented expenditures by senior citizens who purchased drugs that were only partially reimbursed. There were no compensatory increases in expenditures for other anti-anginal drugs. Use of sublingual @entity1242 --a marker for deteriorating health in @entity1 with angina--did not increase after the introduction of reference-based pricing. The @entity1242 patch is now the most frequently prescribed @entity1507 , owing to the fact that Pharmacare resumed the provision of full subsidies for the drug after its manufacturers voluntarily reduced retail prices. INTERPRETATION: Evidence to date suggests that reference-based pricing of @entity3362 has achieved its primary goal of reducing drug expenditures. The effects of this policy on @entity1 health, associated health care costs and administrative costs remain to be investigated.

title: Impact of reference-based pricing of XXXX on the use and costs of anti-anginal drugs.

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

answer: @entity3362 :: (MESH:D009566,Chemical) :: ['nitrates']


abstract: Bile secretion is an important indicator of liver graft function. Reports on bile formation by the transplanted liver with stable function some months after operation are scarce. In this study bile flow, @entity6741 secretion rate (BSSR) and biliary clearance of @entity968 ( @entity970 ) 900, a marker of canalicular bile flow, were studied in a group of liver-transplanted (LTX) @entity1 (n = 8) 3-6 months after transplantation. A group of cholecystectomized @entity1 with indwelling T-tubes (n = 6) served as a control group. Both groups were treated with oral @entity10055 (500 mg/day). On the day of the study bile was drained for 6 h by gravity and four-hourly samples were used in the calculations. The relation between bile flow and BSSR analysed with linear regression showed a reduced @entity6741 independent flow in the liver-transplanted group (0.11 ml/min) compared with the control group (0.20 ml/min). The relation between biliary clearance of @entity970 900 and BSSR showed a significantly steeper slope for the cholecystectomized control @entity1 (1.40 ml/micromol) compared with the liver-transplanted @entity1 (0.30 ml/micromol). We conclude, that in spite of stable graft function with normal liver enzmyes, the transplanted liver has a reduced @entity6741 independent bile flow. The transplanted liver also has a reduced biliary clearance of @entity970 900 indicating a reduced canalicular bile flow. The cause of this impaired bile formation could be due to the influence of the immunosuppressive drug @entity205 , the result of damage to the liver during preservation and reperfusion or the continuous immunological challenge to the graft.

title: The XXXX independent flow is reduced in the transplanted liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt', 'bile acid']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile acid']


abstract: It is difficult to evaluate surgical stress of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Cytokine production from the liver is decreased due to the @entity409 that is usually associated with HCCs. Therefore, we evaluated surgical stress after hepatectomy by measuring intracellular cytokines of lymphocytes in peripheral blood. We examined 22 @entity1 with @entity5 (8 with @entity157 , 10 with @entity356 , and 4 with @entity418 ). The concentrations of serum @entity650 levels 6 h after hepatectomy, gastrectomy, and esophagectomy were 268 +/- 84, 309 +/- 93, and 1,323 +/- 364 pg/ml, respectively. There was no significant difference between hepatectomy and gastrectomy, though based on clinical observations, it is estimated the surgical stress of hepatectomy was greater than that of gastrectomy. Conversely, the percentage of CD4+ @entity650 + cells 6 h after surgery was 8.5 +/- 2.8, 3.3 +/- 0.6, and 7.8 +/- 3.4%, respectively. The percentage of CD4+ @entity650 + cells after hepatectomy was significantly higher than that after gastrectomy. We estimated that the percentage of CD4+ @entity650 + cells was an appropriate indicator of surgical stress on @entity157 , because the percentage of CD4+ @entity650 + cells correlated well with the duration of surgery more than did the serum @entity650 levels. These results suggest that the percentage of CD4+ @entity650 + cells may help in accurately evaluating surgical stress in @entity1 with @entity409 such as @entity157 .

title: [Significance of intracellular cytokines levels in peripheral lymphocytes for evaluation of surgical stress after hepatectomy in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['digestive cancers']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunctions', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']