abstract: OBJECTIVE: An advantage of surgical treatment over conservative treatment of spontaneous @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) is controversial. Recent reports suggest that contrast extravasations on CT angiography (CTA) might serve as a crucial predictor of @entity1410 expansion and mortality. The purpose of this study was aimed at investigating the efficacy of surgical treatment in @entity1 with spot sign positive @entity1779 . METHODS: We used our institutional medical data search system to identify all adult @entity1 who admitted for treatment of @entity1779 between January 1, 2007 and January 31, 2012. @entity1 were classified two groups into a surgical group (n=27) and a conservative treatment group (n=28). Admission criteria were the following: age 20-79 years, spontaneous supratentorial @entity1779 , Glasgow @entity772 Score Ranging from 9 to 14, @entity1779 volume >= 20 mL, and treatment within 24 hours. RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 were analyzed. There was no significant difference in the ICU stay between the conservative treatment group (7.36  3.66 days) and the surgical treatment group (6.93  2.20 days; p=0.950). There was a significant difference in the in-hospital stay between the conservative treatment group (13.93  8.87 days) and the surgical treatment group (20.33  6.37 days; p=0.001). Overall mortality at day 90 after @entity1779 was 36.4%; this included 16 of 28 @entity1 (57.1%) in the conservative group and 4 of 27 @entity1 (14.8%) in the surgical group. In univariate analysis, there was a positive effect of the surgical treatment in reducing mortality at 90 days (p=0.002), Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 90-day (p=0.006), and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) at 90-day (p=0.023). In multivariate logistic analysis, there was a significant difference in mortality (odds ratio, 0.211; 95% confidence interval, 0.049-0.906; p=0.036) between the groups at 90-day follow-up. However, there was no significant difference in GOS (odds ratio, 0.371; 95% confidence interval, 0.031-4.446; p=0.434) and @entity2653 (odds ratio, 1.041; 95% confidence interval, 0.086-12.637; p=0.975) between the groups at 90-day follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this study of surgical treatment of supratentorial @entity1779 in @entity1 with spot sign positive in CTA was associated with less mortality despite of long duration of in-hospital stay. We failed to show that clinical outcome benefit of surgical treatment compared with conservative treatment in @entity1 with spot sign positive @entity1779 .

title: Surgery versus Conservative Treatment for Spontaneous Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Spot Sign Positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['mRS', 'modified Rankin Scale']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of contrast enhancement (especially its extent) predicts @entity2657 after intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT) in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . METHODS: We reviewed the records of @entity1 with acute @entity385 who underwent IAT for occlusion of the internal carotid artery or the middle cerebral artery between January 2012 and March 2015. To estimate the extent of contrast enhancement (CE), we used the contrast enhancement area ratio (CEAR)-i.e., the ratio of the CE to the area of the hemisphere, as noted on immediate non-enhanced brain computed tomography (NECT) post-IAT. @entity1 were categorized into two groups based on the CEAR values being either greater than or less than 0.2. RESULTS: A total of 39 @entity1 were included. Contrast enhancement was found in 26 @entity1 (66.7%). In this subgroup, the CEAR was greater than 0.2 in 7 @entity1 (18%) and less than 0.2 in the other 19 @entity1 (48.7%). On univariate analysis, both CEAR >= 0.2 and the presence of @entity510 were significantly associated with progression to @entity2657 (p<0.001 and p=0.004), but on multivariate analysis, only CEAR >= 0.2 showed a statistically significant association (p=0.019). In the group with CEAR >= 0.2, the time to @entity2657 was shorter (p=0.039) than in the group with CEAR <0.2. Clinical functional outcomes, based on the modified Rankin scale, were also significantly worse in @entity1 with CEAR >= 0.2 (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: The extent of contrast enhancement as noted on NECT scans obtained immediately after IAT could be predictive of @entity2657 and a poor clinical outcome.

title: Extent of Contrast Enhancement on Non-Enhanced Computed Tomography after Intra-Arterial Thrombectomy for Acute Infarction on Anterior Circulation: As a Predictive Value for Malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['malignant brain edema']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['Brain Edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens and are a major factor in @entity580 . They may contain @entity32799 operon, which upon expression makes them highly prone to biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study was to detect the polymorphism of @entity32799 genes in @entity797 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were isolated from @entity1 (n = 58) and hospital environments (n = 32) of two hospitals in Tehran, Iran. All enterococcal species were identified by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the antibiotic resistance pattern against nine antibiotics was determined. The @entity32799 A, @entity32799 B, @entity32799 C and srt C genes were detected by PCR and the biofilm formation by the isolates was evaluated using the microtiter plate method. The genetic diversity of @entity32799 genes was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS: The results indicated that, 86% of @entity1 and 29% of environmental isolates carried @entity32799 genes. The ability of the isolates to strongly attach was 62% and 71% for @entity1 and environmental samples, respectively. The RFLP of the @entity32799 showed no genetic variations amongst the isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the antibiotic resistance and other data suggest that there is a possible common clone of @entity797 , which could rapidly disseminate in @entity1 and the environment.

title: Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation of XXXX in @entity1 and Environmental Samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enterococci are opportunistic pathogens and are a major factor in @entity580 . They may contain @entity32799 operon, which upon expression makes them highly prone to biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study was to detect the polymorphism of @entity32799 genes in @entity797 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were isolated from @entity1 (n = 58) and hospital environments (n = 32) of two hospitals in Tehran, Iran. All enterococcal species were identified by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the antibiotic resistance pattern against nine antibiotics was determined. The @entity32799 A, @entity32799 B, @entity32799 C and srt C genes were detected by PCR and the biofilm formation by the isolates was evaluated using the microtiter plate method. The genetic diversity of @entity32799 genes was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS: The results indicated that, 86% of @entity1 and 29% of environmental isolates carried @entity32799 genes. The ability of the isolates to strongly attach was 62% and 71% for @entity1 and environmental samples, respectively. The RFLP of the @entity32799 showed no genetic variations amongst the isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the antibiotic resistance and other data suggest that there is a possible common clone of @entity797 , which could rapidly disseminate in @entity1 and the environment.

title: Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation of @entity797 in XXXX and Environmental Samples.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent proinflammatory mediator implicated in the pathogenesis of both severe @entity295 and @entity649 . One of the regulatory pathways for PAF involves degradation to the inactive metabolite lyso-PAF by the enzyme @entity6511 ( @entity6511 ). Because reduced concentrations of the natural form of @entity6511 have been reported in septic @entity1 , the present study was conducted to determine whether treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity6511 (rPAF-AH, Pafase) was safe when administered after the onset of severe @entity295 and whether it decreases the prevalence of @entity649 and 28-day all-cause mortality. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. SETTING: Thirty-three medical and surgical intensive care units located in the United States. @entity1 : A total of 127 @entity1 with severe @entity295 , but without established @entity649 , were enrolled in the study. Randomization occurred within 12 hrs of the onset of severe @entity295 . @entity1 then received 1.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH (n = 45), 5.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH (n = 39), or placebo (n = 43) administered intravenously, once daily, for five consecutive days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of the three treatment groups were similar, except for a significantly higher prevalence of @entity1729 as the cause of severe @entity295 in @entity1 treated with 1.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH. There were no treatment-related @entity204 , and the overall prevalence of adverse events was similar among rPAF-AH-treated and placebo-treated @entity1 . There were no significant differences in the prevalence of @entity649 among the three treatment groups. However, 28-day all-cause mortality was 21% in the 1.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH group, 28% in the 5.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH group, and 44% in the placebo group (overall chi-square p =.07; 1.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH vs. placebo, p =.03). A trend toward reduced multiple organ dysfunction also was observed in the 1.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH group compared with the placebo group (p =.11). CONCLUSION: The results from this study indicate that rPAF-AH was well tolerated and should be pursued as a potential new treatment to decrease mortality in @entity1 with severe @entity295 .

title: Recombinant platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase to prevent @entity649 and mortality in severe XXXX : Phase IIb, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6511 :: ('7941', 'Gene') :: ['PAF acetylhydrolase', 'PAF-AH']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent proinflammatory mediator implicated in the pathogenesis of both severe @entity295 and @entity649 . One of the regulatory pathways for PAF involves degradation to the inactive metabolite lyso-PAF by the enzyme @entity6511 ( @entity6511 ). Because reduced concentrations of the natural form of @entity6511 have been reported in septic @entity1 , the present study was conducted to determine whether treatment with recombinant @entity1 @entity6511 (rPAF-AH, Pafase) was safe when administered after the onset of severe @entity295 and whether it decreases the prevalence of @entity649 and 28-day all-cause mortality. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. SETTING: Thirty-three medical and surgical intensive care units located in the United States. @entity1 : A total of 127 @entity1 with severe @entity295 , but without established @entity649 , were enrolled in the study. Randomization occurred within 12 hrs of the onset of severe @entity295 . @entity1 then received 1.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH (n = 45), 5.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH (n = 39), or placebo (n = 43) administered intravenously, once daily, for five consecutive days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of the three treatment groups were similar, except for a significantly higher prevalence of @entity1729 as the cause of severe @entity295 in @entity1 treated with 1.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH. There were no treatment-related @entity204 , and the overall prevalence of adverse events was similar among rPAF-AH-treated and placebo-treated @entity1 . There were no significant differences in the prevalence of @entity649 among the three treatment groups. However, 28-day all-cause mortality was 21% in the 1.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH group, 28% in the 5.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH group, and 44% in the placebo group (overall chi-square p =.07; 1.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH vs. placebo, p =.03). A trend toward reduced multiple organ dysfunction also was observed in the 1.0 mg/kg rPAF-AH group compared with the placebo group (p =.11). CONCLUSION: The results from this study indicate that rPAF-AH was well tolerated and should be pursued as a potential new treatment to decrease mortality in @entity1 with severe @entity295 .

title: Recombinant platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase to prevent XXXX and mortality in severe @entity295 : Phase IIb, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In addition to its effects on platelet function, recent studies suggest that inhaled @entity842 (NO) also influences the function of circulating leukocytes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) and platelet and leukocyte cell surface receptor expression during NO therapy in @entity1 with acute @entity649 . METHODS: In 16 @entity1 responding to NO therapy with an improvement in oxygenation (NO group) and in four nonresponders (control), platelet @entity8729 expression, platelet fibrinogen binding, the expression @entity1453 on leukocytes, and the formation of PLAs were investigated at 0, 60, 120, and 180 mins of therapy or at corresponding time points by means of flow cytometry. In addition, @entity1989 was investigated in 30 healthy volunteers during NO inhalation, in five mechanically ventilated @entity1 without acute @entity649 and without NO inhalation, and during NO incubation in platelet-rich plasma of ten healthy volunteers in vitro. RESULTS: NO therapy inhibited @entity1989 formation at 60 (13% +/- 4% in the NO group vs. 19% +/- 7% in the control group, p <.01) and 120 mins (14% +/- 4% vs. 18% +/- 7%, p <.05) and slightly decreased @entity1453 expression at 60 mins (152 +/- 22 arbitrary units vs. 187 +/- 36 arbitrary units, p <.05). Furthermore, besides inhibiting platelet fibrinogen binding, NO also led to a significant inhibition of @entity8729 expression at 120 (38% +/- 4% vs. 43% +/- 5%, p <.05) and 180 mins (34% +/- 5% vs. 43% +/- 6%, p <.01), demonstrating a significant correlation between changes in @entity8729 expression and @entity1989 formation. In contrast, @entity1989 formation was not influenced by mechanical ventilation in @entity1 without acute @entity649 . These results were further supported by additional studies showing inhibition of @entity1989 formation in healthy volunteers as well. CONCLUSIONS: NO-dependent inhibition of @entity1989 formation in @entity1 with acute @entity649 can be explained by the inhibition in platelet @entity8729 expression. Thus, this study provides rational evidence of systemic antileukocytic and antiplatelet properties of NO therapy in the clinical setting.

title: Inhaled XXXX inhibits platelet-leukocyte interactions in @entity1 with acute @entity649 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In addition to its effects on platelet function, recent studies suggest that inhaled @entity842 (NO) also influences the function of circulating leukocytes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) and platelet and leukocyte cell surface receptor expression during NO therapy in @entity1 with acute @entity649 . METHODS: In 16 @entity1 responding to NO therapy with an improvement in oxygenation (NO group) and in four nonresponders (control), platelet @entity8729 expression, platelet fibrinogen binding, the expression @entity1453 on leukocytes, and the formation of PLAs were investigated at 0, 60, 120, and 180 mins of therapy or at corresponding time points by means of flow cytometry. In addition, @entity1989 was investigated in 30 healthy volunteers during NO inhalation, in five mechanically ventilated @entity1 without acute @entity649 and without NO inhalation, and during NO incubation in platelet-rich plasma of ten healthy volunteers in vitro. RESULTS: NO therapy inhibited @entity1989 formation at 60 (13% +/- 4% in the NO group vs. 19% +/- 7% in the control group, p <.01) and 120 mins (14% +/- 4% vs. 18% +/- 7%, p <.05) and slightly decreased @entity1453 expression at 60 mins (152 +/- 22 arbitrary units vs. 187 +/- 36 arbitrary units, p <.05). Furthermore, besides inhibiting platelet fibrinogen binding, NO also led to a significant inhibition of @entity8729 expression at 120 (38% +/- 4% vs. 43% +/- 5%, p <.05) and 180 mins (34% +/- 5% vs. 43% +/- 6%, p <.01), demonstrating a significant correlation between changes in @entity8729 expression and @entity1989 formation. In contrast, @entity1989 formation was not influenced by mechanical ventilation in @entity1 without acute @entity649 . These results were further supported by additional studies showing inhibition of @entity1989 formation in healthy volunteers as well. CONCLUSIONS: NO-dependent inhibition of @entity1989 formation in @entity1 with acute @entity649 can be explained by the inhibition in platelet @entity8729 expression. Thus, this study provides rational evidence of systemic antileukocytic and antiplatelet properties of NO therapy in the clinical setting.

title: Inhaled @entity842 inhibits platelet-leukocyte interactions in @entity1 with acute XXXX .

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In addition to its effects on platelet function, recent studies suggest that inhaled @entity842 (NO) also influences the function of circulating leukocytes. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) and platelet and leukocyte cell surface receptor expression during NO therapy in @entity1 with acute @entity649 . METHODS: In 16 @entity1 responding to NO therapy with an improvement in oxygenation (NO group) and in four nonresponders (control), platelet @entity8729 expression, platelet fibrinogen binding, the expression @entity1453 on leukocytes, and the formation of PLAs were investigated at 0, 60, 120, and 180 mins of therapy or at corresponding time points by means of flow cytometry. In addition, @entity1989 was investigated in 30 healthy volunteers during NO inhalation, in five mechanically ventilated @entity1 without acute @entity649 and without NO inhalation, and during NO incubation in platelet-rich plasma of ten healthy volunteers in vitro. RESULTS: NO therapy inhibited @entity1989 formation at 60 (13% +/- 4% in the NO group vs. 19% +/- 7% in the control group, p <.01) and 120 mins (14% +/- 4% vs. 18% +/- 7%, p <.05) and slightly decreased @entity1453 expression at 60 mins (152 +/- 22 arbitrary units vs. 187 +/- 36 arbitrary units, p <.05). Furthermore, besides inhibiting platelet fibrinogen binding, NO also led to a significant inhibition of @entity8729 expression at 120 (38% +/- 4% vs. 43% +/- 5%, p <.05) and 180 mins (34% +/- 5% vs. 43% +/- 6%, p <.01), demonstrating a significant correlation between changes in @entity8729 expression and @entity1989 formation. In contrast, @entity1989 formation was not influenced by mechanical ventilation in @entity1 without acute @entity649 . These results were further supported by additional studies showing inhibition of @entity1989 formation in healthy volunteers as well. CONCLUSIONS: NO-dependent inhibition of @entity1989 formation in @entity1 with acute @entity649 can be explained by the inhibition in platelet @entity8729 expression. Thus, this study provides rational evidence of systemic antileukocytic and antiplatelet properties of NO therapy in the clinical setting.

title: Inhaled @entity842 inhibits platelet-leukocyte interactions in XXXX with acute @entity649 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Omura's whale ( @entity72266 ) was described as a new species in 2003 and then soon after as an ancient lineage basal to a Bryde's/ @entity18469 clade. Currently known only from whaling and stranding specimens primarily from the western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans, there exist no confirmed field observations or ecological/behavioural data. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first genetically confirmed documentation of living Omura's whales including descriptions of basic ecology and behaviour from northwestern Madagascar. Species identification was confirmed through molecular phylogenetic analyses of biopsies collected from 18 adult animals. All individuals shared a single haplotype in a 402 bp sequence of mtDNA control region, suggesting low diversity and a potentially small population. Sightings of 44 groups indicated preference for shallow-water shelf habitat with sea surface temperature between 27.4  C and 30.2  C. Frequent observations were made of lunge feeding, possibly on zooplankton. Observations of four mothers with young @entity291 , and recordings of a song-like vocalization probably indicate reproductive behaviour. Social organization consisted of loose aggregations of predominantly unassociated single individuals spatially and temporally clustered. Photographic recapture of a female re-sighted the following year with a young @entity291 suggests site fidelity or a resident population. Our results demonstrate that the species is a tropical whale without segregation of feeding and breeding habitat, and is probably non-migratory; our data extend the range of this poorly studied whale into the western Indian Ocean. Exclusive range restriction to tropical waters is rare among baleen whale species, except for the various forms of @entity72267 and Omura's whales. Thus, the discovery of a tractable population of Omura's whales in the tropics presents an opportunity for understanding the ecological factors driving potential convergence of life-history patterns with the distantly related @entity72267 .

title: Omura's whales ( XXXX ) off northwest Madagascar: ecology, behaviour and conservation needs.

entities_list: @entity72266 :: ('255217', 'Species') :: ['Balaenoptera omurai']

answer: @entity72266 :: (255217,Species) :: ['Balaenoptera omurai']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal was to assess a possible relationship between the detection of mRNA from @entity8587 gene in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neoplastic relapse in pediatric @entity1 being treated for lymphoid precursor cell neoplasms. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-four @entity1 less than 19 years old with lymphoid precursor cell @entity1778 in hematologic remission and without central nervous system (CNS) compromise were included. Cytology, cytochemistry, cell count, and qualitative RT-PCR were performed using routine CSF samples obtained during intrathecal chemotherapy administration. The main outcome measure was clinical, radiologic, and cytologic evidence of CNS, hematologic or any other type of neoplastic relapse. RESULTS: At some time during follow-up, 28.7% of the @entity1 had a positive @entity8587 CSF test. Relapses included 10 @entity1 with isolated hematologic, 4 with isolated CNS, 1 with combined CNS and hematologic, and 1 with mediastinal relapse; the maximal follow-up period was 312 days. A statistically significant association was found between the detection of @entity8587 in CSF and CNS relapse. Adjusted hazard rate ratios of 5.04 (95% confidence interval 1.33-19.12) and 7.48 (2.34-23.93) were estimated for isolated hematologic relapse and for all types of relapses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is likely that the short follow-up period underestimated the incidence of relapse, this study was able to identify a strong association between @entity8587 mRNA detection and CNS or hematologic relapse. These findings represent a potentially novel and useful approach for subclinical disease detection.

title: XXXX mRNA in cerebrospinal fluid associated with relapse in pediatric lymphoblastic leukemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity8587 :: (7490,Gene) :: ['WT1']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to define the imaging findings of @entity521 ( @entity521 ) and correlate them with clinicopathologic features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT scans and MR images of six @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity521 (mean age, 49 years) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The arising sites of @entity5 included the retroperitoneum (n = 2), pelvis (n = 2), anterior @entity6830 (n = 1), and adrenal gland (n = 1). The common CT finding was poorly marginated and heterogeneous mass without @entity730 . Cystic components were often found. On contrast-enhanced CT or MR images, @entity5 showed heterogeneous enhancement. On T2-weighted images, all masses demonstrated predominantly hyper signal intensity relative to skeletal muscle and the images showed heterogeneous appearance with focal areas of high intensity interspersed with septations of low signal intensity. Soft tissue masses with bone involvement were identified in one case on MR images. The CT findings in one @entity5 originating from @entity6830 were similar to those of @entity5 arising from other sites. CONCLUSION: @entity521 is an uncommon @entity5 that often pursues an aggressive clinical course, involves multiple sites, and has a poor prognosis. Tumors usually manifest on CT or MR images as a poorly demarcated mass mainly in the retroperitoneum and pelvis. Imaging studies can depict aggressive characteristics and disease extent of @entity521 .

title: XXXX : radiologic and clinicopathologic features.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['ANB', 'adult neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['Adult neuroblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate precautionary practices and extent of use of @entity11540 ( @entity6157 ) and @entity273 gas plasma (HPGP) sterilization systems, including use of single chamber @entity6157 units. DESIGN: Modular, web-based survey. @entity1 : Members of professional practice organizations who reported using @entity6157 or HPGP in the past week to sterilize medical instruments and supplies. Participating organizations invited members via email which included a hyperlink to the survey. METHODS: Descriptive analyses were conducted including simple frequencies and prevalences. RESULTS: A total of 428 respondents completed the module on chemical sterilants. Because most respondents worked in hospitals (87%, n=373) analysis focused on these workers. Most used HPGP sterilizers (84%, n=373), 38% used @entity6157 sterilizers, with 22% using both. Nearly all respondents using @entity6157 operated single chamber units (94%, n=120); most of them reported that the units employed single use cartridges (83%, n=115). Examples of where engineering and administrative controls were lacking for @entity6157 include: operational local exhaust ventilation (7%; n=114); continuous air monitoring (6%; n=113); safe handling training (6%; n=142); and standard operating procedures (4%; n=142). Examples of practices which may increase HPGP exposure risk included lack of standard operating procedures (9%; n=311) and safe handling training (8%; n=312). CONCLUSIONS: Use of precautionary practices was good but not universal. @entity6157 use appears to have diminished in favor of HPGP which affords higher throughput and minimal regulatory constraints. Separate @entity6157 sterilization and aeration units were still being used nearly one year after U.S. EPA prohibited their use.

title: @entity11540 and XXXX Gas Plasma Sterilization: Precautionary Practices in U.S. Hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen Peroxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate precautionary practices and extent of use of @entity11540 ( @entity6157 ) and @entity273 gas plasma (HPGP) sterilization systems, including use of single chamber @entity6157 units. DESIGN: Modular, web-based survey. @entity1 : Members of professional practice organizations who reported using @entity6157 or HPGP in the past week to sterilize medical instruments and supplies. Participating organizations invited members via email which included a hyperlink to the survey. METHODS: Descriptive analyses were conducted including simple frequencies and prevalences. RESULTS: A total of 428 respondents completed the module on chemical sterilants. Because most respondents worked in hospitals (87%, n=373) analysis focused on these workers. Most used HPGP sterilizers (84%, n=373), 38% used @entity6157 sterilizers, with 22% using both. Nearly all respondents using @entity6157 operated single chamber units (94%, n=120); most of them reported that the units employed single use cartridges (83%, n=115). Examples of where engineering and administrative controls were lacking for @entity6157 include: operational local exhaust ventilation (7%; n=114); continuous air monitoring (6%; n=113); safe handling training (6%; n=142); and standard operating procedures (4%; n=142). Examples of practices which may increase HPGP exposure risk included lack of standard operating procedures (9%; n=311) and safe handling training (8%; n=312). CONCLUSIONS: Use of precautionary practices was good but not universal. @entity6157 use appears to have diminished in favor of HPGP which affords higher throughput and minimal regulatory constraints. Separate @entity6157 sterilization and aeration units were still being used nearly one year after U.S. EPA prohibited their use.

title: XXXX and @entity273 Gas Plasma Sterilization: Precautionary Practices in U.S. Hospitals.

answer: @entity11540 :: (MESH:D005027,Chemical) :: ['Ethylene Oxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Primary @entity320 (PRM) is a rare variant of @entity320 . Herein, we describe a case of primary @entity5701 and review the clinicopathological features of previously reported cases of PRMs. A 63-year-old Japanese @entity1 presented with a nonpigmented red granular @entity5 without peripheral pigmented macules on the left heel measuring 21 * 18 mm in size. Light microscopic examination revealed a @entity5 mass composed entirely of polygonal neoplastic cells resembling pulmonary alveoli. @entity5 cells were also discohesive with bizarre nuclei, prominent nucleoli and large hyaline cytoplasmic inclusions. No melanin pigment was present. @entity5 cells were strongly and diffusely positive for @entity2281 , @entity16524 , HMB-45 and @entity2277 , while negative for @entity2283 , @entity1970 and @entity5473 . According to previous reviews, PRM tends to be amelanotic and nodular. @entity2281 protein and @entity2277 stained in all cases contrary to low stainability for HMB-45, which was, by contrast, positive in our case. Prognosis of PRM remains controversial due to the very rare occurrence of this @entity5 and the small number of confirmed cases that have been reported. Recognition of this rare entity is important in clinical practice even for skillful dermatologists to avoid misdiagnosis with the other @entity5 and to determinate the subsequent treatment principles.

title: Primary XXXX : A Case Report with Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5701 :: ('MESH:D018328', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic rhabdoid melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'rhabdoid melanoma']

answer: @entity5701 :: (MESH:D018328,Disease) :: ['Amelanotic Rhabdoid Melanoma']


abstract: A 36-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital with complaints of high fever and @entity10 . A diagnosis of @entity9758 with @entity1906 was made. He was treated with @entity3109 (400 mg/day), @entity1215 (300 mg/day), @entity3110 (750 mg/day), @entity5585 (1.0 g/day) and @entity617 (60 mg/day). However, he lost consciousness because of @entity1276 on the second day of hospitalization. Emergency cerebrospinal fluid drainage improved his neurological symptoms. After two months, he again complained of @entity10 with @entity892 . Numerous @entity6551 were found not only in the cerebrum but also in the liver, the spleen and the retina. Recurrent @entity1276 was treated with a V-P shunt, and combination therapy with four antituberculous agents was maintained for 18 months. He was discharged in a healthy condition, although a mild @entity3541 remained. In addition, we examined the inflammatory cytokine levels in both the CSF and the serum over the period of the @entity1 's hospitalization. We concluded that the cytokine levels in the CSF may be associated with the progress and the prognosis of @entity1906 .

title: [An adult case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculomas']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and double vision']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['left facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity9758 :: ('MESH:D014391', 'Disease') :: ['miliary tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['tuberculous meningitis']


abstract: The ASEP/ @entity601 (averaged solvent electrostatic potential from molecular dynamics) method was employed in studying the environment effects (solvent and counterion) on the absorption spectrum of a model of the 11-cis-retinal protonated @entity3364 . Experimental studies of the absorption spectra of the @entity8695 chromophore show anomalously large solvent shifts in apolar solvents. In order to clarify their origin, we study the role of the counterion and of the solute-solvent interactions. We compare the absorption spectra in the gas phase, @entity13479 , @entity1044 , and @entity1042 . The counterion effect was described from both a classical and quantum point of view. In the latter case, the contribution of the chromophore-counterion charge transfer to the solvent shift could be analyzed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that counterion and solvent effects on the absorption properties of the 11-cis-retinal chromophore have been simultaneously examined. We conclude that the counterion-solute ionic pair in the gas phase is not a good model to represent the solvent shift in nonpolar solvents, as it does not account for the effect that the thermal agitation of the solvent has on the geometry of the ionic pair. In contrast to nonpolar solvents, the experimental solvent shift values in @entity1042 can be exclusively explained by the polarity of the medium. In @entity1044 , the presence of the counterion does not modify the solvent shift of the first absorption band, but it affects the position of the second excited state. In the three solvents considered, the first two excited states become almost degenerate.

title: Simultaneous Solvent and Counterion Effects on the Absorption Properties of a Model of the XXXX Chromophore.

entities_list: @entity13479 :: ('MESH:C506365', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclohexane']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3364 :: ('MESH:D012545', 'Chemical') :: ['Schiff base']

answer: @entity8695 :: (6010,Gene) :: ['Rhodopsin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature investigating pancreatic invasive @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ) has largely come from small institutional studies, preventing adequately powered comparisons of adjuvant therapy versus surgery alone (SA) within specific @entity1 subgroups. METHODS: @entity1 with resected, stage I through IV, invasive @entity4929 and conventional @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) were identified in the National @entity5 Data Base (1998-2010). Cox modeling of @entity1 with invasive @entity4929 was used to compare @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between @entity1 who received adjuvant therapy and those who underwent SA. A second model was used to compare @entity1349 between @entity1 with invasive @entity4929 and those with @entity1124 . RESULTS: For the 1220 @entity1 with invasive @entity4929 , the median @entity1349 was 28.9 months; the 1-year and 5-year actuarial survival rates were 76% and 17%, respectively; and 47% received adjuvant therapy. Cox modeling associated SA with worse @entity1349 (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.58; P   =   .00005) as well as American Joint Committee on @entity5 (AJCC) TNM stage III/IV disease, positive lymph node status, positive margins, and poor @entity5 differentiation (all P    <=   .05). In addition, Cox modeling stratified by the following characteristics demonstrated improved @entity1349 with adjuvant therapy: AJCC TNM stage II or III/IV, positive lymph node status, positive margins, and poorly differentiated @entity5 . There was no survival advantage from adjuvant therapy for @entity1 who had AJCC TNM stage I or lymph node-negative disease. @entity1 who had invasive @entity4929 had improved risk-adjusted @entity1349 compared with those who had @entity1124 (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.78; P   <   .00001). CONCLUSIONS: Invasive @entity4929 appears to be more indolent than conventional @entity1124 . Adjuvant therapy is associated with improved @entity1349 compared with SA in @entity1 with invasive @entity4929 , especially for those with higher stage disease, positive lymph nodes, positive margins, or poorly differentiated @entity5 . Conversely, this benefit does not extend to @entity1 with stage I or lymph node-negative disease. @entity5 2016;122:521-533.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: The efficacy of adjuvant therapy for pancreatic invasive XXXX ( @entity4929 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'IPMN']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature investigating pancreatic invasive @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ) has largely come from small institutional studies, preventing adequately powered comparisons of adjuvant therapy versus surgery alone (SA) within specific @entity1 subgroups. METHODS: @entity1 with resected, stage I through IV, invasive @entity4929 and conventional @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) were identified in the National @entity5 Data Base (1998-2010). Cox modeling of @entity1 with invasive @entity4929 was used to compare @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between @entity1 who received adjuvant therapy and those who underwent SA. A second model was used to compare @entity1349 between @entity1 with invasive @entity4929 and those with @entity1124 . RESULTS: For the 1220 @entity1 with invasive @entity4929 , the median @entity1349 was 28.9 months; the 1-year and 5-year actuarial survival rates were 76% and 17%, respectively; and 47% received adjuvant therapy. Cox modeling associated SA with worse @entity1349 (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.58; P   =   .00005) as well as American Joint Committee on @entity5 (AJCC) TNM stage III/IV disease, positive lymph node status, positive margins, and poor @entity5 differentiation (all P    <=   .05). In addition, Cox modeling stratified by the following characteristics demonstrated improved @entity1349 with adjuvant therapy: AJCC TNM stage II or III/IV, positive lymph node status, positive margins, and poorly differentiated @entity5 . There was no survival advantage from adjuvant therapy for @entity1 who had AJCC TNM stage I or lymph node-negative disease. @entity1 who had invasive @entity4929 had improved risk-adjusted @entity1349 compared with those who had @entity1124 (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.78; P   <   .00001). CONCLUSIONS: Invasive @entity4929 appears to be more indolent than conventional @entity1124 . Adjuvant therapy is associated with improved @entity1349 compared with SA in @entity1 with invasive @entity4929 , especially for those with higher stage disease, positive lymph nodes, positive margins, or poorly differentiated @entity5 . Conversely, this benefit does not extend to @entity1 with stage I or lymph node-negative disease. @entity5 2016;122:521-533.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: The efficacy of adjuvant therapy for pancreatic invasive @entity4929 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['IPMN']


abstract: Fifty eight @entity1 (aged 8-59 years, mean 27) treated for @entity340 from January 1966 to January 1985 were studied retrospectively by review of case notes. There were 12 cases of early and 46 cases of late @entity340 . These developed in 28 @entity1 with an isolated aortic valve, in 26 with an isolated mitral valve, and in four with both aortic and mitral prosthetic valves. Streptococci were the most commonly isolated microorganisms, followed by staphylococci, Gram negative bacteria, and fungi. A surgical (34 cases) or a necropsy specimen (10 cases) from 44 cases was examined. Eighty two per cent of the @entity1 had @entity712 . Twenty four of the 58 @entity1 were medically treated and 17 died (70% mortality). Combined medical and surgical treatment was used in 34 @entity1 ; the main indication for surgery was @entity712 . Fourteen @entity1 on combined treatment died (40% mortality). Persistent @entity295 and prosthetic valve dehiscence were the most common early and late operative complications. The most important influences on outcome were @entity712 , the type of micro-organism, the severity and extent of anatomical lesions, the time of onset of @entity340 , and the type of treatment. This survey indicates that only @entity1 without @entity712 and with sensitive micro-organism should be treated medically. In view of the poor prognosis @entity1 with @entity340 associated with @entity712 , persistent @entity295 , and repeat arterial emboli should be treated by early surgical intervention.

title: XXXX . A survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'congestive heart failure or embolic complications']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['Prosthetic valve endocarditis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Bone @entity236 (BME) of the knee is often seen in MRI and has several different underlying pathologies. The correlation between disorders of the knee joint and a BME is not fully understood yet. Persistent or progressive @entity282 after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is still a common phenomenon in many @entity1 . The aim of this prospective clinical trial was to find a correlation between the typical @entity86 and BME in MRI and to identify possible therapeutic consequences. @entity1 , Material and Methods: 150 consecutive @entity1 with preoperatively diagnosed meniscus defects and without any previous operation and no BME underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. A two- to three-day resting period was established postoperatively. The @entity1 then rapidly returned to full weight bearing. No crutches were used. As a standard analgetic, we used @entity3522 50   mg three times a day for three days. Clinical control and removal of the sutures was performed on day 8 postoperatively. The @entity1 ' @entity158 status was controlled by using the IKDC score and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and six weeks after surgery. Six weeks after the surgical intervention, the @entity1 underwent a standardized physical examination and, if there @entity73 or discomfort of the knee, a new MRI was performed. However, if @entity1 showed signs or severe discomfort prior to the end of the six-week observation period an MRI was scheduled earlier. Results: Postoperatively 11 of the 150 @entity1 (7,3%) developed progressive discomfort with @entity158 during stress and also by night. A postoperative BME in the MRI was seen in all 11 symptomatic @entity1 (100%). We saw a significant correlation to @entity1 older than 70 years (p   <   0.05). The VAS score six weeks after arthroscopy was significant reduced in the group without any clinical symptoms (2.63        2.83 after arthroscopy and 4.27        2.36   MW    SEM before arthroscopy) compared to the group with proven BME (5.09        2.74 before arthroscopy and 5.27        2.57   MW    SEM after arthroscopy; p   <   0.05). The IKDC score was significantly enhanced in the clinical asymptomatic group: 58.1        10.53 in comparison to the @entity1 with proven BME, with 35.32        13.2   MW    SEM (p   <   0.05). Conclusion: @entity1 with clinical symptomatic BME showed a significantly higher VAS score and a significantly lower IKDC score postoperatively. Therefore, in @entity1 with postoperative discomfort, a prompt MRI should be performed and, if a BME is proven, further therapy should be modified.

title: [Risk of Developing Clinical Symptomatically Postmeniscectomy Bone XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['was ongoing functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative disorders']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain and/or functional impairment']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['Marrow Edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In New Zealand, M  ori and Pacific @entity1 are more likely than New Zealand/European @entity1 to present at a younger age with larger @entity5 and @entity3 . Survival rates are also differential by ethnicity. Many factors are believed to be responsible for this including differences in comorbidities, delays to presentation and delays in treatment. It is unclear whether these differences exist amongst @entity1 with grade 1 @entity5 in New Zealand. Therefore, we examined patterns of axillary nodal involvement, @entity66 and mortality in grade 1 @entity0 in New Zealand @entity1 , and whether ethnicity was an important predictor for any of these outcomes. METHOD: Data was retrieved from the Auckland Breast Cancer Registry (ABCR) and the Waikato Breast Cancer Registry (WBCR) which are prospective, population-based databases. All @entity1 newly diagnosed with grade 1 primary @entity0 between 1 June 2000 and 31 May 2013 were identified from the two registries. RESULTS: There were 2857 grade 1 @entity0 diagnosed over this time period. Axillary lymph nodes were involved in 19.0% of @entity1 , and 5.1% developed @entity66 (locoregional or distant). Pacific and M  ori @entity1 were more likely than NZ European @entity1 to have larger @entity5 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Predictors for axillary node involvement were @entity5 size greater than 10mm, @entity3 and non-screen detected @entity5 . @entity5 size greater than 10mm, @entity1137 and BCS without radiotherapy were predictive of recurrent and or @entity3 . Ethnicity was not observed to be an independent predictor for axillary nodal involvement, recurrent and/or @entity3 , or @entity0 specific mortality amongst New Zealand @entity1 with grade 1 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Ethnicity was not a predictor of axillary node involvement, @entity66 or mortality in grade 1 @entity0 in our population.

title: Patterns of axillary lymph node @entity3 and XXXX in grade 1 @entity0 in a New Zealand cohort: Does ethnicity matter?

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion', 'LVI', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['recurrent disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In New Zealand, M  ori and Pacific @entity1 are more likely than New Zealand/European @entity1 to present at a younger age with larger @entity5 and @entity3 . Survival rates are also differential by ethnicity. Many factors are believed to be responsible for this including differences in comorbidities, delays to presentation and delays in treatment. It is unclear whether these differences exist amongst @entity1 with grade 1 @entity5 in New Zealand. Therefore, we examined patterns of axillary nodal involvement, @entity66 and mortality in grade 1 @entity0 in New Zealand @entity1 , and whether ethnicity was an important predictor for any of these outcomes. METHOD: Data was retrieved from the Auckland Breast Cancer Registry (ABCR) and the Waikato Breast Cancer Registry (WBCR) which are prospective, population-based databases. All @entity1 newly diagnosed with grade 1 primary @entity0 between 1 June 2000 and 31 May 2013 were identified from the two registries. RESULTS: There were 2857 grade 1 @entity0 diagnosed over this time period. Axillary lymph nodes were involved in 19.0% of @entity1 , and 5.1% developed @entity66 (locoregional or distant). Pacific and M  ori @entity1 were more likely than NZ European @entity1 to have larger @entity5 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Predictors for axillary node involvement were @entity5 size greater than 10mm, @entity3 and non-screen detected @entity5 . @entity5 size greater than 10mm, @entity1137 and BCS without radiotherapy were predictive of recurrent and or @entity3 . Ethnicity was not observed to be an independent predictor for axillary nodal involvement, recurrent and/or @entity3 , or @entity0 specific mortality amongst New Zealand @entity1 with grade 1 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Ethnicity was not a predictor of axillary node involvement, @entity66 or mortality in grade 1 @entity0 in our population.

title: Patterns of axillary lymph node XXXX and @entity66 in grade 1 @entity0 in a New Zealand cohort: Does ethnicity matter?

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In New Zealand, M  ori and Pacific @entity1 are more likely than New Zealand/European @entity1 to present at a younger age with larger @entity5 and @entity3 . Survival rates are also differential by ethnicity. Many factors are believed to be responsible for this including differences in comorbidities, delays to presentation and delays in treatment. It is unclear whether these differences exist amongst @entity1 with grade 1 @entity5 in New Zealand. Therefore, we examined patterns of axillary nodal involvement, @entity66 and mortality in grade 1 @entity0 in New Zealand @entity1 , and whether ethnicity was an important predictor for any of these outcomes. METHOD: Data was retrieved from the Auckland Breast Cancer Registry (ABCR) and the Waikato Breast Cancer Registry (WBCR) which are prospective, population-based databases. All @entity1 newly diagnosed with grade 1 primary @entity0 between 1 June 2000 and 31 May 2013 were identified from the two registries. RESULTS: There were 2857 grade 1 @entity0 diagnosed over this time period. Axillary lymph nodes were involved in 19.0% of @entity1 , and 5.1% developed @entity66 (locoregional or distant). Pacific and M  ori @entity1 were more likely than NZ European @entity1 to have larger @entity5 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Predictors for axillary node involvement were @entity5 size greater than 10mm, @entity3 and non-screen detected @entity5 . @entity5 size greater than 10mm, @entity1137 and BCS without radiotherapy were predictive of recurrent and or @entity3 . Ethnicity was not observed to be an independent predictor for axillary nodal involvement, recurrent and/or @entity3 , or @entity0 specific mortality amongst New Zealand @entity1 with grade 1 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Ethnicity was not a predictor of axillary node involvement, @entity66 or mortality in grade 1 @entity0 in our population.

title: Patterns of axillary lymph node @entity3 and @entity66 in grade 1 XXXX in a New Zealand cohort: Does ethnicity matter?

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current drug development efforts on @entity356 are directed against several molecular targets driving the growth of this @entity5 . Intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity however, commonly observed in @entity356 , could lead to biased selection of @entity1 . MET, @entity14050 , @entity7991 , and @entity1722 were profiled on @entity356 biopsy samples. An innovative pathological assessment was performed through scoring of individual biopsies against whole biopsies from a single @entity1 to enable heterogeneity evaluation. Following this, false negative risks for each biomarker were estimated in silico. 166 @entity356 cases with multiple biopsies from single @entity1 were collected from Shanghai Renji Hospital. Following pre-set criteria, 56 ~ 78% cases showed low, 15 ~ 35% showed medium and 0 ~ 11% showed high heterogeneity within the biomarkers profiled. If 3 biopsies were collected from a single @entity1 , the false negative risk for detection of the biomarkers was close to 5% (exception for @entity7991 : 12.2%). When 6 biopsies were collected, the false negative risk approached 0%. Our study demonstrates the benefit of multiple biopsy sampling when considering personalized healthcare biomarker strategy, and provides an example to address the challenge of intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity using alternative pathological assessment and statistical methods.

title: Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity of XXXX , @entity7991 , cMET and @entity14050 in @entity356 : Optimizing Personalized Healthcare through Innovative Pathological and Statistical Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current drug development efforts on @entity356 are directed against several molecular targets driving the growth of this @entity5 . Intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity however, commonly observed in @entity356 , could lead to biased selection of @entity1 . MET, @entity14050 , @entity7991 , and @entity1722 were profiled on @entity356 biopsy samples. An innovative pathological assessment was performed through scoring of individual biopsies against whole biopsies from a single @entity1 to enable heterogeneity evaluation. Following this, false negative risks for each biomarker were estimated in silico. 166 @entity356 cases with multiple biopsies from single @entity1 were collected from Shanghai Renji Hospital. Following pre-set criteria, 56 ~ 78% cases showed low, 15 ~ 35% showed medium and 0 ~ 11% showed high heterogeneity within the biomarkers profiled. If 3 biopsies were collected from a single @entity1 , the false negative risk for detection of the biomarkers was close to 5% (exception for @entity7991 : 12.2%). When 6 biopsies were collected, the false negative risk approached 0%. Our study demonstrates the benefit of multiple biopsy sampling when considering personalized healthcare biomarker strategy, and provides an example to address the challenge of intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity using alternative pathological assessment and statistical methods.

title: Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity of @entity1722 , @entity7991 , cMET and @entity14050 in XXXX : Optimizing Personalized Healthcare through Innovative Pathological and Statistical Analysis.

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current drug development efforts on @entity356 are directed against several molecular targets driving the growth of this @entity5 . Intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity however, commonly observed in @entity356 , could lead to biased selection of @entity1 . MET, @entity14050 , @entity7991 , and @entity1722 were profiled on @entity356 biopsy samples. An innovative pathological assessment was performed through scoring of individual biopsies against whole biopsies from a single @entity1 to enable heterogeneity evaluation. Following this, false negative risks for each biomarker were estimated in silico. 166 @entity356 cases with multiple biopsies from single @entity1 were collected from Shanghai Renji Hospital. Following pre-set criteria, 56 ~ 78% cases showed low, 15 ~ 35% showed medium and 0 ~ 11% showed high heterogeneity within the biomarkers profiled. If 3 biopsies were collected from a single @entity1 , the false negative risk for detection of the biomarkers was close to 5% (exception for @entity7991 : 12.2%). When 6 biopsies were collected, the false negative risk approached 0%. Our study demonstrates the benefit of multiple biopsy sampling when considering personalized healthcare biomarker strategy, and provides an example to address the challenge of intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity using alternative pathological assessment and statistical methods.

title: Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity of @entity1722 , @entity7991 , cMET and XXXX in @entity356 : Optimizing Personalized Healthcare through Innovative Pathological and Statistical Analysis.

answer: @entity14050 :: (472,Gene) :: ['ATM']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current drug development efforts on @entity356 are directed against several molecular targets driving the growth of this @entity5 . Intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity however, commonly observed in @entity356 , could lead to biased selection of @entity1 . MET, @entity14050 , @entity7991 , and @entity1722 were profiled on @entity356 biopsy samples. An innovative pathological assessment was performed through scoring of individual biopsies against whole biopsies from a single @entity1 to enable heterogeneity evaluation. Following this, false negative risks for each biomarker were estimated in silico. 166 @entity356 cases with multiple biopsies from single @entity1 were collected from Shanghai Renji Hospital. Following pre-set criteria, 56 ~ 78% cases showed low, 15 ~ 35% showed medium and 0 ~ 11% showed high heterogeneity within the biomarkers profiled. If 3 biopsies were collected from a single @entity1 , the false negative risk for detection of the biomarkers was close to 5% (exception for @entity7991 : 12.2%). When 6 biopsies were collected, the false negative risk approached 0%. Our study demonstrates the benefit of multiple biopsy sampling when considering personalized healthcare biomarker strategy, and provides an example to address the challenge of intra-tumoral biomarker heterogeneity using alternative pathological assessment and statistical methods.

title: Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity of @entity1722 , XXXX , cMET and @entity14050 in @entity356 : Optimizing Personalized Healthcare through Innovative Pathological and Statistical Analysis.

answer: @entity7991 :: (2263,Gene) :: ['FGFR2']


abstract: A 37-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital complaining of severe @entity490 . His abdomen was distended, and there was diffuse tenderness and guarding in all four quadrants. Laboratory examinations revealed @entity491 without @entity1712 . Abdominal radiograph revealed air-fluid levels in the small intestine. Computed tomography confirmed a dilatation of the small intestine and the presence of @entity843 . An emergency laparotomy was performed for a diagnosis of @entity298 due to @entity1321 . A large amount of yellow transudate was present in the abdominal cavity. An area of induration in the ileum was identified about 40 cm from the ileocecal valve. The ileum proximal to the induration was dilated, and the site of obstruction seemed to be the indurated segment. A partial iliectomy was performed. Histologically, dense infiltration of eosinophils was found transmurally, and @entity1712 was diagnosed. One year later, the @entity1 was free of @entity344 . The relevant literature on @entity14761 is discussed.

title: @entity1712 presenting as XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'eosinophilic enteritis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity14761 :: ('MESH:C535952', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1321 :: (MESH:D007415,Disease) :: ['acute intestinal obstruction']


abstract: A 37-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital complaining of severe @entity490 . His abdomen was distended, and there was diffuse tenderness and guarding in all four quadrants. Laboratory examinations revealed @entity491 without @entity1712 . Abdominal radiograph revealed air-fluid levels in the small intestine. Computed tomography confirmed a dilatation of the small intestine and the presence of @entity843 . An emergency laparotomy was performed for a diagnosis of @entity298 due to @entity1321 . A large amount of yellow transudate was present in the abdominal cavity. An area of induration in the ileum was identified about 40 cm from the ileocecal valve. The ileum proximal to the induration was dilated, and the site of obstruction seemed to be the indurated segment. A partial iliectomy was performed. Histologically, dense infiltration of eosinophils was found transmurally, and @entity1712 was diagnosed. One year later, the @entity1 was free of @entity344 . The relevant literature on @entity14761 is discussed.

title: XXXX presenting as @entity1321 : a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic enteritis']


abstract: Rate of intramammary infection by coliform bacteria and species of streptococci other than @entity5967 (environmental pathogens) was studied in a dairy herd in total confinement. Rate was higher during the dry period than during lactation and increased progressively as parity increased. Rate was maximal during summer and coincided with maximum exposure to coliforms in bedding. @entity883 were longer than coliform. Approximately 59% of @entity883 and 69% of @entity281 were present for 30 lactation days or less. Percent quarters infected by day of year varied between .7 and 3.0% for coliform bacteria and between 1.6 and 4.7% for streptococci. Approximately 81% of @entity281 and 53% of @entity883 during lactation were clinical. Clinical cases were highest during the first 76 days of lactation and during summer. Only 6.7% of @entity281 resulted in acute @entity1271 , and all acute cases were during summer or early lactation. Dry @entity291 therapy reduced rate of @entity883 during the early dry period but was without effect during the prepartum period. There was no effect of dry @entity291 therapy on coliform infection rate during the dry period. Problems associated with prevalence and control of environmental @entity1271 were discussed.

title: Environmental XXXX : cause, prevalence, prevention.

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['Streptococcal infections', 'streptococcal infections', 'streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['coliform infections']

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['coliform mastitis', 'mastitis']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: The objective of this article is to determine the effect of three different putting grips (conventional, cross-hand, and one-handed) on variations in eye and @entity910 during the putting @entity64 . Seven volunteer novice players, ranging in age from 21 to 22 years, participated in the study. During each experimental session, the subject stood on a specially designed platform covered with artificial turf and putted golf balls towards a standard golf hole. The three different types of grips were tested at two distances: 3 and 9 ft. For each condition, 20 putts were attempted. For each putt, data were recorded over a 3-s interval at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. Eye movements were recorded using a helmet-mounted eye movement monitor. @entity717 about an imaginary axis through the top of the head and its center-of-rotation was measured by means of a potentiometer mounted on a fixed frame and coupled to the helmet. Putter-head motion was measured using a linear array of infrared phototransistors embedded in the platform. The @entity5494 ( @entity5494 , relative to the initial level) was calculated for eye and @entity910 over the duration of the putt (i.e., from the beginning of the backstroke, through the forward @entity64 , to impact). The averaged @entity5494 for the attempted putts was calculated for each subject. Then, the averaged @entity2953 and other data for the seven subjects were statistically compared across the three grip conditions. The @entity1319 were greater (p < 0.1) for conventional than cross-hand (9 ft) and one-handed (3 and 9 ft) grips. Also, the @entity5494 of @entity910 were greater (p < 0.1; 3 ft) for conventional than cross-hand and one-handed grips. Vestibulo-ocular responses associated with @entity717 could be observed in many 9 ft and some 3 ft putts. The duration of the putt was significantly longer (p < 0.05; 3 and 9 ft) for the one-handed than conventional and cross-hand grips. Finally, performance, or percentage putts made, was significantly better (p < 0.05; 9 ft) for cross-hand than conventional grip. The smaller variations, both in eye movements during longer putts and @entity910 during shorter putts, using cross-hand and one-handed grips may explain why some golfers, based on their playing experience, prefer these over the conventional grip. Also, the longer duration for the one-handed grip, which improves tempo, may explain why some senior players prefer the long-shaft (effectively one-handed grip) putter.

title: Effect of putting grip on eye and @entity910 during the golf putting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['standard deviation', 'STD']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['head movements']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotations', 'Head rotation']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['STD of eye movements']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The objective of this article is to determine the effect of three different putting grips (conventional, cross-hand, and one-handed) on variations in eye and @entity910 during the putting @entity64 . Seven volunteer novice players, ranging in age from 21 to 22 years, participated in the study. During each experimental session, the subject stood on a specially designed platform covered with artificial turf and putted golf balls towards a standard golf hole. The three different types of grips were tested at two distances: 3 and 9 ft. For each condition, 20 putts were attempted. For each putt, data were recorded over a 3-s interval at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. Eye movements were recorded using a helmet-mounted eye movement monitor. @entity717 about an imaginary axis through the top of the head and its center-of-rotation was measured by means of a potentiometer mounted on a fixed frame and coupled to the helmet. Putter-head motion was measured using a linear array of infrared phototransistors embedded in the platform. The @entity5494 ( @entity5494 , relative to the initial level) was calculated for eye and @entity910 over the duration of the putt (i.e., from the beginning of the backstroke, through the forward @entity64 , to impact). The averaged @entity5494 for the attempted putts was calculated for each subject. Then, the averaged @entity2953 and other data for the seven subjects were statistically compared across the three grip conditions. The @entity1319 were greater (p < 0.1) for conventional than cross-hand (9 ft) and one-handed (3 and 9 ft) grips. Also, the @entity5494 of @entity910 were greater (p < 0.1; 3 ft) for conventional than cross-hand and one-handed grips. Vestibulo-ocular responses associated with @entity717 could be observed in many 9 ft and some 3 ft putts. The duration of the putt was significantly longer (p < 0.05; 3 and 9 ft) for the one-handed than conventional and cross-hand grips. Finally, performance, or percentage putts made, was significantly better (p < 0.05; 9 ft) for cross-hand than conventional grip. The smaller variations, both in eye movements during longer putts and @entity910 during shorter putts, using cross-hand and one-handed grips may explain why some golfers, based on their playing experience, prefer these over the conventional grip. Also, the longer duration for the one-handed grip, which improves tempo, may explain why some senior players prefer the long-shaft (effectively one-handed grip) putter.

title: Effect of putting grip on eye and XXXX during the golf putting @entity64 .

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['head movements']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Muscle protein wasting frequently complicates @entity1 outcome in several chronic pathologies. The underlying mechanisms remain largely obscure, although studies on experimental models have clarified that a complex interplay of different factors such as nutrient supply, classical hormones, cytokines and other less well defined factors likely concur in causing muscle depletion. The aim of the present review is to highlight some crucial points in the interpretation of the data available about the contribution of the different proteolytic systems, with particular reference to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, in the onset of muscle protein wasting in disease states. RECENT FINDINGS: Much effort has been directed to understanding the role of different signals, transduction pathways, and proteolytic mechanisms in the acceleration of muscle protein catabolism. Several reports propose that @entity855 -ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis plays a critical role in the enhancement of muscle protein catabolism observed in different pathological states. Other papers, however, suggest that the lysosomal or the @entity460 -dependent proteolytic pathways or both may be involved. Finally, the studies have been extended to evaluate the possibility of interfering pharmacologically with the onset of muscle protein @entity11744 . SUMMARY: As the present overview points out, several questions still remain unanswered in the issue of @entity2057 . While many different signals that have the potential to enforce the acceleration of muscle protein breakdown have been identified, it is largely unknown how they are transduced and converge into the hypercatabolic response and how the proteolytic pathways involved are activated. The concept seems to emerge that there may be a coordinated action of different proteolytic pathways in setting up muscle protein turnover towards excess catabolism.

title: Mechanisms of skeletal muscle depletion in wasting syndromes: role of XXXX -ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis.

entities_list: @entity11744 :: ('MESH:C565476', 'Disease') :: ['hypercatabolism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: Ligation of TCR and @entity10867 expressed on T cells via mAbs results in activation of T cells capable of @entity5 destruction in adoptive immunotherapy. In a @entity19 model, the authors examined in vitro activation conditions utilizing plate-immobilized and bead-conjugated mAbs that bind to @entity5168 and @entity10867 . Bead-activated @entity5 -draining lymph node (TDLN) cells demonstrated superior cytokine ( @entity60 , @entity2304 , @entity2047 , and @entity1618 ) secretion and mediated @entity5 regression more efficiently compared with plate-activated cells. The bead-activated TDLN cells had a significantly higher percentage of @entity1961 + cells compared with plate-activated cells. On a per-cell basis, positively selected @entity1961 + cells activated with bead-coupled or plate immobilized mAbs mediated @entity5 -specific regression equally. Bead-activated @entity1961 + TDLN cells demonstrated significantly higher levels of @entity5 specific @entity2047 secretion compared with plate-activated @entity1961 + cells that may provide helper function to CD8+ effector cells. The antitumor reactivity of bead-activated lymphoid cells depended upon their source. TDLN cells after bead activation were more potent than splenocytes from @entity5 -bearing hosts in mediating @entity5 regression in vivo. Bead-activated LN cells and splenocytes from nontumor-bearing hosts demonstrated nonspecific cytokine secretion and minimal efficacy in adoptive immunotherapy. At minimal doses of @entity2047 , the antitumor reactivity of bead-activated TDLN cells was significantly enhanced. Anti- @entity5168 /anti- @entity10867 bead activation of @entity5 -primed T cells represents an efficient method to generate effector cells for immunotherapy.

title: Antitumor reactivity of anti- @entity5168 /anti- XXXX bead-activated lymphoid cells: implications for cell therapy in a @entity19 model.

answer: @entity10867 :: (12487(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD28']


abstract: Ligation of TCR and @entity10867 expressed on T cells via mAbs results in activation of T cells capable of @entity5 destruction in adoptive immunotherapy. In a @entity19 model, the authors examined in vitro activation conditions utilizing plate-immobilized and bead-conjugated mAbs that bind to @entity5168 and @entity10867 . Bead-activated @entity5 -draining lymph node (TDLN) cells demonstrated superior cytokine ( @entity60 , @entity2304 , @entity2047 , and @entity1618 ) secretion and mediated @entity5 regression more efficiently compared with plate-activated cells. The bead-activated TDLN cells had a significantly higher percentage of @entity1961 + cells compared with plate-activated cells. On a per-cell basis, positively selected @entity1961 + cells activated with bead-coupled or plate immobilized mAbs mediated @entity5 -specific regression equally. Bead-activated @entity1961 + TDLN cells demonstrated significantly higher levels of @entity5 specific @entity2047 secretion compared with plate-activated @entity1961 + cells that may provide helper function to CD8+ effector cells. The antitumor reactivity of bead-activated lymphoid cells depended upon their source. TDLN cells after bead activation were more potent than splenocytes from @entity5 -bearing hosts in mediating @entity5 regression in vivo. Bead-activated LN cells and splenocytes from nontumor-bearing hosts demonstrated nonspecific cytokine secretion and minimal efficacy in adoptive immunotherapy. At minimal doses of @entity2047 , the antitumor reactivity of bead-activated TDLN cells was significantly enhanced. Anti- @entity5168 /anti- @entity10867 bead activation of @entity5 -primed T cells represents an efficient method to generate effector cells for immunotherapy.

title: Antitumor reactivity of anti- XXXX /anti- @entity10867 bead-activated lymphoid cells: implications for cell therapy in a @entity19 model.

answer: @entity5168 :: (12501(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD3']


abstract: Ligation of TCR and @entity10867 expressed on T cells via mAbs results in activation of T cells capable of @entity5 destruction in adoptive immunotherapy. In a @entity19 model, the authors examined in vitro activation conditions utilizing plate-immobilized and bead-conjugated mAbs that bind to @entity5168 and @entity10867 . Bead-activated @entity5 -draining lymph node (TDLN) cells demonstrated superior cytokine ( @entity60 , @entity2304 , @entity2047 , and @entity1618 ) secretion and mediated @entity5 regression more efficiently compared with plate-activated cells. The bead-activated TDLN cells had a significantly higher percentage of @entity1961 + cells compared with plate-activated cells. On a per-cell basis, positively selected @entity1961 + cells activated with bead-coupled or plate immobilized mAbs mediated @entity5 -specific regression equally. Bead-activated @entity1961 + TDLN cells demonstrated significantly higher levels of @entity5 specific @entity2047 secretion compared with plate-activated @entity1961 + cells that may provide helper function to CD8+ effector cells. The antitumor reactivity of bead-activated lymphoid cells depended upon their source. TDLN cells after bead activation were more potent than splenocytes from @entity5 -bearing hosts in mediating @entity5 regression in vivo. Bead-activated LN cells and splenocytes from nontumor-bearing hosts demonstrated nonspecific cytokine secretion and minimal efficacy in adoptive immunotherapy. At minimal doses of @entity2047 , the antitumor reactivity of bead-activated TDLN cells was significantly enhanced. Anti- @entity5168 /anti- @entity10867 bead activation of @entity5 -primed T cells represents an efficient method to generate effector cells for immunotherapy.

title: Antitumor reactivity of anti- @entity5168 /anti- @entity10867 bead-activated lymphoid cells: implications for cell therapy in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Post-liver transplant @entity1 present a vast array of metabolic changes in the early and late phase which impact on their morbidity and mortality. The development of @entity28 and @entity6 in these @entity1 has been widely described in the literature with several hypotheses suggested: liver donor, nutritional and metabolic state, and immunosuppressive drugs. RECENT FINDINGS: Most that is known about the development of these metabolic derangements has been attributed to the drugs used, especially the corticosteroids. When these have been used in higher doses for longer periods to treat rejection, the incidence of @entity6 and @entity28 seems to be higher. However @entity205 and to a lesser extent @entity1140 are also related to these alterations. SUMMARY: As long-term survival improves in liver transplant @entity1 , @entity65 associated with @entity2299 , @entity28 , and @entity6 are emerging as risk factors for late morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is important to assess the potential risk factors related to these complications, in order to prevent or decrease their incidence. From what has been seen, immunossupressive drugs seem to be the greatest risk factor for the development of metabolic derangements in post-transplantation @entity1 . However other risk factors might also be involved, such as non-healthy eating habits and lack of exercise. The latter can be preventable if counseling policies are targeted at these @entity1 in the pre-transplantation phase and continued after the operation.

title: Post-liver transplant obesity and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity914 receive devalued labels. Despite considerable theorizing, the proposition that these labels affect the course of @entity716 has rarely been subjected to investigation. The lack of an adequate operational measure for the labeling construct has hampered research. The present report describes the development of the Social Response Questionnaire (SRQ), a measure of the 'sick' label which incorporates moralistic attitudes, fear of dangerousness and negative expectations attached to the role of the severely psychiatrically ill. This 32-item scale, a multidimensional measure of informal labeling, which may be administered in a self-report format or to significant others, permits the study of dose-response relationships. The SRQ is internally stable. It also exhibits construct validity. Schizophrenics and @entity1 with affective @entity716 label themselves and are labeled by others more harshly than @entity1 with @entity30 or normals. While self-percepts and the perceptions of significant others are fairly congruent for normals and @entity1 with a significant @entity221 , there is no agreement between the self-ratings of psychotics and their significant others. @entity716 @entity1 view themselves more negatively than @entity30 sufferers or normals, but not as negatively as their therapists, families and friends. Potential uses for the SRQ in longitudinal research are addressed.

title: A measure of the 'sick' label in psychiatric disorder and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic illness', 'psychosis', 'Psychotic']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['physical illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To assess the impact of a @entity64 unit (SU) on acute phase treatment when compared to a conventional general ward treatment (GW). METHOD: Seventy-four @entity1 with @entity64 were randomized between a SU and conventional general ward (GW). We compared both groups regarding the length of hospital stay, lethality and functional and clinical status within 6 months, using the Scandinavian scale and Barthel index. RESULTS: Thirty-five and thirty-nine @entity1 were allocated at SU and GW, respectively. Lethality on the 10th day at SU and GW achieved 8.5% and 12.8% respectively (p= 0.41), whereas 30-days mortality rates achieved 14.2% and 28.2% (p= 0.24), 17.4% and 28.7% on the 3rd month (p= 0.39), and 25.7% and 30.7% on the 6th month (p= 0.41). Thirty-day survival curve achieved 1.8 log rank (p= 0.17), with a trend for lower lethality in the SU. In order to save one @entity204 in 6 months in SU, NNT (the number need to treat) was 20; to get one more home independent @entity1 NNT was 15. No significant difference was found between the length of hospital stay and morbidity. CONCLUSION: No significant benefit was found in SU @entity1 compared to GW group. However,an evident benefit in absolute numbers was observed in lethality, survival curve and NNT in thirty days period after @entity64 . Further collaborative studies or incresead number of @entity1 are required to define the role of SU.

title: Study comparing the XXXX unit outcome and conventional ward treatment: a randomized study in Joinville, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Between 1993 and 1999, 44 @entity1 submitted to resection of an expansible intradural extramedullary lesion who filled protocol requirements of appropriate follow up were studied. @entity1 were constituted by 43.2% female and 56.8% male. The mean age was 32.9 years old. Lesion most common location was at the thoracic spine, with 45.5% of the cases, followed by the lumbar level with 18.2%. @entity5 extension varied from 1 to 7 vertebral segments, with an average of 2.5 levels. @entity808 , with 65,9% of the cases, was the most frequent lesion, followed by @entity1653 with 20.5%. There were 2 cases of @entity3292 and 1 case of @entity1823 , @entity601 , @entity3 and @entity5 . The evolution was of improvement in 56.8%, stability in 31.8% and of worsening in 11.4%. There was no mortality related to the surgical procedure. All cases of worsening had total resection and they had lesions located in the thoracic segment. Total resection is the ideal modality of surgical treatment. However, at the thoracic level, where the peculiarities of spine irrigation prevail, surgical morbidade may be higher (p=0.014).

title: [Prognostic factors in the treatment of the intradural extramedullary XXXX : a study of 44 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant schwannoma', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['neuroenteric cyst']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Both penetrating and blunt @entity299 require urgent management. @entity532 have been reported to occur in 4 to 56% of survivors and frequently required secondary surgical corrections. Between January 1980 and June 1984, 204 @entity1 presented with @entity3697 . One hundred twenty-eight of these @entity1 survived. Of the 90 undergoing cardiorrhaphy in the operating room, 78 survived. Two-dimensional (2-D) and pulsed-Doppler echocardiography (echo) and/or cardiac catheterization were performed in 40 @entity1 for suspected significant @entity130 . Eight of the 40 required secondary cardiac operations. Two-dimensional echo demonstrated pericardial effusion, abnormal chamber enlargement, abnormal cardiac wall motion, intracardiac missile, and @entity715 . Pulsed-Doppler findings included @entity1757 , @entity997 and right ventricular turbulence secondary to arteriovenous fistulae. Cardiac catheterization detected lesions undetected by 2-D echo in one @entity1 with a gunshot wound. It is concluded that in the absence of cardiac bullets seen on routine chest X-ray, 2-D with pulsed-Doppler echo is an excellent screening technique. With a positive echo study or a residual bullet overlying the cardiac silhouette, cardiac catheterization is indicated in selected @entity1 .

title: Cardiac evaluation following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed sequelae and complications']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injuries']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac and pleural thrombus']

entities_list: @entity3697 :: ('MESH:D006335', 'Disease') :: ['heart injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['residual injury']

answer: @entity3697 :: (MESH:D006335,Disease) :: ['heart injury']


abstract: Issues of compliance specific to @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) are reviewed along with general issues of compliance as they pertain to @entity2953 and adolescents. Treatment of @entity2953 is unlike that of other common illnesses for which compliance poses a problem: they are some of the most common treatable diseases and are socially stigmatizing; their treatment often is at public expense or in public facilities; physicians are undereducated about them in proportion to their ubiquity and complexity; laboratory confirmation of eradication of infection usually is desirable; @entity1 other than the primary @entity1 need examination and treatment; and these infections often are detected in asymptomatic @entity1 . Each of these problem areas testifies to the need for strategies to increase compliance with diagnosis and treatment. Practitioners need to make the effort to find these infections in asymptomatic @entity1 who are likely to be infected. Screening for @entity2953 often is a wise course of action with sexually experienced adolescents. Less invasive methods of testing often are appropriate. 2 strategies have been shown to enhance the return of @entity1 for tests of cure. Kroger found that the presence of college undergraduates who were studying health education by observing and critiquing nurses in a venereology clinic approximately doubled the rate of return of male @entity1 and tripled the rate of female @entity1 returning for tests of cure of @entity2954 . Ogunbanjo et al. found that additional counseling of Nigerian @entity1 resulted in more return visits for @entity1 but not for their partners. Certain strategies that generally are applicable to enhancing compliance have special implications for the treatment of @entity2953 . Simplification of treatment is one of these strategies. Diseases treatable with a single dose of medicine include @entity2954 , trichomoniasis, and @entity6981 . An obviously preferable course is the prevention of @entity2953 . The enhancement of adolescent compliance with treatment involves considerations unique to this age group. The provision of treatment without parental knowledge or consent may improve compliance. Adolescents have a mentality different from that of adults, and their concrete style of thinking, which may not be apparent to the practitioner, warrants consideration when explaining sequelae of @entity2953 to the adolescent @entity1 .

title: Compliance with treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial vaginosis']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']


abstract: The nature of platelet- bindable immunoglobulins (PB-Ig) in serum has been investigated. PB-IgG, -A and -M were measured by an ELISA using platelets coated on microtitre plates. This assay detected alloantibodies at high serum dilutions. In 32 @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) raised levels of at least one PB-Ig class were found in 18. To distinguish binding due to immune complexes, the molecular weight of PB-IgG was studied by gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. In sera from @entity1 with @entity3039 and @entity1252 , PB-IgG with Mr of primarily 150 Kd was observed, compatible with monomeric IgG antiplatelet antibodies. Levels of PB-IgG in serum were not related to total serum IgG. In sera from the @entity1 with @entity1252 and some with @entity3039 (most of whom had several of the features of @entity1252 ), PB-IgG with Mr of 200 Kd - greater than 1000 Kd was seen. In heat-aggregated preparations of normal IgG, PB-IgG with Mr up to 1000 Kd was also found. Rabbit IgG was able to block PB-IgG in fractions of high molecular weight in purified normal IgG, heat-aggregated normal IgG and in patient serum, but had no effect on the 150 Kd peak. In whole serum from @entity1 who had high molecular weight PB-IgG, the inhibitory effects of rabbit IgG were much less than in isolated high molecular weight column fractions. Thus although the majority of PB-IgG is monomeric antiplatelet antibody, some PB-IgG with higher molecular weight, characteristic of immune complexes, occurs in sera of some @entity1 with @entity3039 and it makes a small contribution to PB-IgG levels measured in whole serum.

title: Analysis of immunoglobulins that bind to platelets from serum of XXXX with immune thrombocytopenia: molecular weight distribution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thrombocytopenia', 'ITP']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) or systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1157 ( @entity1157 ) is the most serious complication associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This study reports on long-term outcomes and clinical factors which predicted the outcome of 25 @entity1 with LC-associated @entity1157 . METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 receiving either primary (n = 11) or redo (n = 14) biliary reconstructive surgery at Cathay General Hospital for LC-associated @entity1157 were prospectively followed for 2 to 10 (mean, 4.5) years to assess their long-term outcomes. Twelve clinical factors relevant to their outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no mortality. Although the 1-year postoperative results were successful in 23 @entity1 (92%), the mid- to long-term outcomes were successful in only 17 @entity1 (68%). Eight @entity1 (32%) developed @entity253 at an average of 3.3 years postoperatively and required subsequent reoperation or biliary stenting. Statistical comparison of 12 risk factors between the successful and unsuccessful groups revealed that two were significant, namely, repair performed by a nonreferral surgeon (p = 0.02) and repair at a stage with recent active @entity32 (p = 0.04). A serum alkaline phosphatase level greater than 400 IU in the sixth postoperative month was highly correlated with long-term nonsuccess (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Only 68% of @entity1 with LC-associated @entity1157 who underwent reconstructive surgery at our institution had long-term success. A serum alkaline phosphatase level above 400 IU in the sixth postoperative month was predictive of nonsuccess. For better long-term results, repair should be performed by the referral surgeon at a stage without coexisting active @entity32 .

title: Long-term results of major XXXX associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['MBDI', 'Major bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['bile duct injury']