abstract: Chronic @entity490 is becoming increasingly important with regard to the quality of life of the @entity1 and its social and economic impact, in terms of cost of hospitalization, @entity393 due to sick leave, and pharmaceutical costs for treatments which fail to offer either significant clinical improvement or resolution of the @entity158 symptoms. The main symptom is chronic @entity490 , which may vary in intensity and may be associated with @entity1142 and episodes of @entity391 , when the clinical picture evolves toward one of subocclusion or total occlusion of the bowel. We considered the following criteria in our selection of @entity1 for this study: 1) quality of life, 2) constant use of antispastic and analgesic medications, 3) absence of any other diagnosticable pathology prior to the operation. From August 1992 to April 2000 we operated on 105 @entity1 with this syndrome (16 males and 89 females). Among these 8 @entity1 had never been subjected to a laparotomy, while 97 had previously undergone surgical procedures (126 laparotomies). In the first 85 @entity1 in the series (81%) we used a 10 mm laparoscope (0-30 degrees) to evaluate the presence of @entity1661 based on the type of surgery the @entity1 had undergone previously, as well as the location of the @entity158 reported by the @entity1 . In 41 cases (48.2%) the @entity516 was obtained with the Veress needle. In another 44 cases (51.8%) the Hasson technique was used. Since June 1999, we have carried out the exploration of the abdominal cavity in 20 @entity1 (19%) using a trocar and 2.2 mm laparoscope in the left hypochondrium along with a mini-trocar placed either in the right or left flank. (The positioning of the trocars depended on the previous surgical procedures performed). The exploration included inspection of the abdominal cavity. In 8 of the @entity1 the procedure was carried out under local anaesthesia We performed laparoscopic adhesiolysis in 93 cases; in 7 cases no signs of @entity1104 were seen, while in another 5 cases it was necessary to convert the original laparoscopic procedure to a laparotomy. The types of @entity1104 found were fine-filmy (46%), dense-vascularised (46%), and cohesive (16%). In 6 cases during lysis of the @entity1104 complications of @entity121 occurred, which required laparotomic repair. In 5 cases we diagnosed a pathological condition which was not suspected. The average postoperative hospital stay was 2 days (range: 1-7); no major @entity260 were noted. In the course of the follow-up of 78 @entity1 over an average of 37 months (range: 6-72) the results obtained were as follows; 47 @entity1 (60.2%) had complete @entity158 relief, 18 @entity1 (23.1%) had partial @entity158 relief, and the remaining 13 @entity1 (16.7%) had no significant @entity158 relief. Laparoscopic exploration in @entity1 with chronic @entity490 is technically feasible in a simple manner in most @entity1 . By means of careful and accurate preoperative selection of the @entity1 partial if not complete @entity158 relief can be achieved in a high percentage of cases (83.3% in our series).

title: [Impact of laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal-visceral adhesions']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['adhesions']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['income loss']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['serous-muscular lesions']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The amygdala has a central role in processing emotions, particularly fear. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) amygdala activation has been demonstrated outside of conscious awareness using masked emotional faces. METHODS: We applied the masked faces paradigm to @entity1 with @entity308 (n = 11) and matched control subjects (n = 11) during fMRI to compare amygdala activation in response to masked emotional faces before and after antidepressant treatment. Data were analyzed using left and right amygdala a priori regions of interest, in an analysis of variance block analysis and random effects model. RESULTS: @entity308 @entity1 had exaggerated left amygdala activation to all faces, greater for fearful faces. Right amygdala did not differ from control subjects. Following treatment, @entity1 had bilateral reduced amygdala activation to masked fearful faces and bilateral reduced amygdala activation to all faces. Control subjects had no differences between the two scanning sessions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 @entity1 have left amygdala hyperarousal, even when processing stimuli outside conscious awareness. Increased amygdala activation normalizes with antidepressant treatment.

title: Increased amygdala response to masked emotional faces in XXXX subjects resolves with antidepressant treatment: an fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed', 'major depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence that a pathological process in spermatogonial proliferation and apoptosis may participate in developing @entity6660 of @entity249 @entity1 . DESIGN: Case-controlled retrospective analysis. SETTING: University-based @entity4810 clinic. @entity1 (S): Thirty-four @entity1 with idiopathic @entity6660 . INTERVENTION(S): Collecting blood samples for measurement of hormones and performing testicular biopsy for assessment of spermatogenesis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The expression of @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) of spermatogonia and the frequency of apoptosis of spermatogonia demonstrated by the in situ DNA 3'-end-labeling method were investigated to determine the degree of cell degeneration. RESULT(S): We could classify 34 @entity249 @entity1 into four subgroups according to spermatogonial proliferation and differentiation. No significant difference in the expression of @entity1364 was demonstrated between these four groups and the control group. In all groups, the balance of spermatogonial proliferation ( @entity1364 -positive rate) to apoptosis was significantly lower than that of the control group. CONCLUSION(S): It was demonstrated that accelerated apoptosis, rather than proliferative dysfunction in the mitotic phase, may induce the decreased number of spermatogonia in @entity6660 . These findings suggest that disorders of the control and regulation of apoptosis may participate in the pathogenesis of idiopathic @entity6660 .

title: Spermatogonial proliferation and apoptosis in XXXX associated with nonobstructive azoospermia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['hypospermatogenesis']

answer: @entity6660 :: (MESH:D009845,Disease) :: ['hypospermatogenesis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) of twice-weekly @entity136 (TW-G) when administered in conjunction with fixed dose @entity8503 (A) during external radiotherapy (RT) in @entity1 with advanced @entity788 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten @entity1 with previously untreated, locally advanced, or asymptomatic-metastatic @entity788 were enrolled in this study. RT was delivered by using the standard four-field technique (1.8 Gy daily fractions, 45 Gy followed by a boost of 5.4 Gy, in 5-1/2 weeks). The starting dose of TW-G was 60 mg/m(2) (i.v., 30-min infusion), which is equal to the upper limit of previously reported MTD of TW-G when given without A during RT. A was given just before the TW-G, at a fixed dose of 340 mg/m(2) (i.v., rapid infusion). TW-G doses were escalated by 30-mg/m(2) increments in successive cohorts of 3 to 6 additional @entity1 until DLT was observed. @entity137 were graded using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria, version 2.0. RESULTS: In general, therapy was well tolerated in @entity1 treated at the first two dose levels of 60 mg/m(2) and 90 mg/m(2). The DLT of TW-G given in conjunction with A during RT were @entity1398 , @entity882 , and @entity390 / @entity391 at the dose level of 120 mg/m(2). Of the 10 @entity1 eligible for a median follow-up of 10 months, 5 remain alive; 1 complete responder, 3 partial responders, and 1 with stable disease. CONCLUSION: A dose of TW-G at a level of 90 mg/m(2) produced tolerable @entity137 and it may possess significant activity when delivered in conjunction with 340 mg/m(2) dose of A during RT of the upper abdomen. Due to the higher MTD of TW-G seen in our study, we consider that the A supplementation may optimize the therapeutic index of TW-G-based chemoradiotherapy protocols in @entity1 with @entity3123 .

title: Radiation therapy and concurrent fixed dose @entity8503 with escalating doses of twice-weekly gemcitabine in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['amifostine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) of twice-weekly @entity136 (TW-G) when administered in conjunction with fixed dose @entity8503 (A) during external radiotherapy (RT) in @entity1 with advanced @entity788 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten @entity1 with previously untreated, locally advanced, or asymptomatic-metastatic @entity788 were enrolled in this study. RT was delivered by using the standard four-field technique (1.8 Gy daily fractions, 45 Gy followed by a boost of 5.4 Gy, in 5-1/2 weeks). The starting dose of TW-G was 60 mg/m(2) (i.v., 30-min infusion), which is equal to the upper limit of previously reported MTD of TW-G when given without A during RT. A was given just before the TW-G, at a fixed dose of 340 mg/m(2) (i.v., rapid infusion). TW-G doses were escalated by 30-mg/m(2) increments in successive cohorts of 3 to 6 additional @entity1 until DLT was observed. @entity137 were graded using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria, version 2.0. RESULTS: In general, therapy was well tolerated in @entity1 treated at the first two dose levels of 60 mg/m(2) and 90 mg/m(2). The DLT of TW-G given in conjunction with A during RT were @entity1398 , @entity882 , and @entity390 / @entity391 at the dose level of 120 mg/m(2). Of the 10 @entity1 eligible for a median follow-up of 10 months, 5 remain alive; 1 complete responder, 3 partial responders, and 1 with stable disease. CONCLUSION: A dose of TW-G at a level of 90 mg/m(2) produced tolerable @entity137 and it may possess significant activity when delivered in conjunction with 340 mg/m(2) dose of A during RT of the upper abdomen. Due to the higher MTD of TW-G seen in our study, we consider that the A supplementation may optimize the therapeutic index of TW-G-based chemoradiotherapy protocols in @entity1 with @entity3123 .

title: Radiation therapy and concurrent fixed dose XXXX with escalating doses of twice-weekly gemcitabine in advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity8503 :: (MESH:D004999,Chemical) :: ['amifostine']


abstract: There is increasing evidence that fish oil-enriched diets attenuate the progression of several types of @entity1 and experimental renal, intestinal and @entity65 , including @entity101 . @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), may be one of the active biological component. We previously reported that dietary @entity4601 suppressed the progression of @entity101 in @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP). The purpose of this study is to clarify the in vitro effect of @entity4601 on cultured smooth muscle cell functions such as cell growth, @entity1184 , NO release, and intracellular @entity141 metabolism, which are involved in the regulatory mechanisms of vascular tone. Addition of @entity4601 to the culture medium of aortic smooth muscle cells isolated from SHRSP and normotensive @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) had no significant effects on cell growth or on cell @entity1184 induced by @entity1808 as measured by flow cytometry. @entity4601 had no stimulatory effect on @entity3426 (10 ng/ml)-induced @entity842 release from smooth muscle cells of SHRSP, but rather slightly inhibited it. However, the treatment of smooth muscle cells with @entity4601 (30 microM) for 2 days significantly suppressed the increase in intracellular @entity141 concentration induced by @entity1808 , but not by @entity2426 . This was due to the suppression of @entity141 influx, as determined by @entity3281 influx experiment. These results indicate that @entity4601 specifically suppresses @entity141 mobilization into smooth muscle cells. This may be one of the mechanisms by which dietary @entity4601 prevents the development of @entity101 in SHRSP.

title: Effect of XXXX on smooth muscle cell functions.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['Docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity4600 :: (CHEBI:28125,Chemical) :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']


abstract: The paper examines the informational value of positron emission tomography (PET) using 18FDG in the diagnosis of @entity5 of the pancreas and in the estimation of the extent of a metastatic involvement. Forty-four @entity1 (26 males and 18 females whose age ranged from 28 to 60 years) with histologically verified @entity788 were examined. The study was conducted in the whole body mode on an Ecat Exact 47 positron emission tomograph following 70-90 minutes of administration of @entity419 , 370-420 MBk. To assess the findings, the differential accumulation ratio (DAR) of formation/liver was calculated. The mean DAR in @entity1 with benign and malignant @entity788 was 1.17 +/- 0.064 and 4.90 +/- 0.3 (p < 0.05). There was a false positive case in a @entity1 with an exacerbation of chronic @entity788 in the study. A relationship was observed between the level of @entity5 tissue 18FDG capture and the degree of @entity5 . PET scanning in the whole body mode estimates the extent of a tumorous process. The authors' data show that the liver was most commonly involved in a metastatic process (96.6%). Hence, 18FDG PET is a highly informative technique in the diagnosis of malignant @entity788 and in the estimation of the extent of a metastatic process and permits a differential diagnosis between benign and @entity5 .

title: [Assessment of 18FDG PET for diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant of neoplasms', 'malignant tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the pancreas', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and methodology of the Morelos HPV Study. The main objective of this study is to examine the use of two different methods for obtaining HPV DNA specimens, self-collected vaginal and clinician-collected cervical, to detect pre-invasive @entity75 and @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted within the regular population-based framework of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) @entity5 screening program in Morelos. A total of 7,868 @entity1 were recruited between May and October 1999 and are representative of the population of @entity1 attending @entity5 screening services at the 23 IMSS clinics in the state of Morelos in 1999. @entity1 were provided with a detailed description of the study before signing an informed consent form. Basic data were obtained from all @entity1 using a standard IMSS registration form. During the initial recruitment visit, a randomly selected subsample of 1,069 @entity1 were interviewed to collect additional information about @entity5 risk factors, acceptability of the HPV and Pap tests, as well as @entity1 costs. Before the pelvic exam, @entity1 were asked to provide a self-collected vaginal specimen for HPV testing. All @entity1 underwent a pelvic examination that involved collecting a cervical sample for the Pap smear and a clinician-collected HPV specimen. Data were evaluated from 7,732 @entity1 with complete information for the three tests. The 1,147 @entity1 who received at least one positive result (Pap, self- and/or clinician-HPV tests) were invited to return for a colposcopic examination. During colposcopy, biopsies were taken as appropriate, to histologically confirm a diagnosis of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 2/3 or invasive @entity5 . A total of 1,015 @entity1 attended colposcopy, and 101 @entity1 received a histologically-confirmed @entity3146 2/3 or @entity5 diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The initial enrollment activities of the Morelos HPV study are the basis for a prevalent case-control study and a prospective cohort study that will investigate the natural history of @entity281 and determine if an HPV-based screening strategy is a safe and cost-effective alternative to Pap screening. The English version of this paper is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

title: Design and methods of the evaluation of an HPV-based XXXX screening strategy in Mexico: The Morelos HPV Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infections']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated long-term clinical outcomes and postoperative physiological findings in acutely @entity772 @entity1 with nonmissile surgical intraparenchymal @entity548 and @entity2300 who received early preoperative high-dose @entity2656 (HDM) versus conventional dose @entity2656 treatment in the emergency room. METHODS: One hundred forty-one adult @entity1 with traumatic, nonmissile, acute, intraparenchymal @entity548 associated with early @entity2300 were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive emergency preoperative intravenous HDM treatment (approximately 1.4 g/kg; 72 @entity1 ) and were compared with a control group that was treated with a lower preoperative @entity2656 dose (approximately 0.7 g/kg; 69 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Early preoperative improvement of abnormal bilateral pupillary widening was significantly more frequent in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.03). The same was true for abnormal unilateral pupillary widening (P < 0.01). Early HDM treatment in the emergency room was also associated with significantly better 6-month clinical outcomes (P < 0.005). The two groups of @entity1 were well matched with respect to diameter of the @entity548 (approximately 4 cm) as well as timing of clot removal (approximately 2.5 hours after injury). Postoperative physiological findings revealed statistically significant between-group differences, with higher intracranial pressure and lower cerebral extraction of @entity26 (global relative cerebral hyperperfusion) in the control group than in the HDM group. @entity2806 (abnormally low arteriojugular lactate difference values) was rare and was found for less than 3% of the @entity1 in both groups. CONCLUSION: Early preoperative HDM administration in the emergency room was associated with improved clinical outcomes for @entity772 @entity1 with acute, nonmissile, intraparenchymal @entity548 and associated @entity2300 . Early improvement of bilateral or unilateral @entity2300 and better postoperative control of intracranial @entity101 and associated global relative cerebral hyperperfusion seemed to be relevant factors that were related to improved outcomes.

title: Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of XXXX for intraparenchymal @entity548 with @entity2300 : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative global brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose', 'adult comatose']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary abnormalities', 'abnormal pupillary widening']

answer: @entity2656 :: (MESH:D008353,Chemical) :: ['mannitol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated long-term clinical outcomes and postoperative physiological findings in acutely @entity772 @entity1 with nonmissile surgical intraparenchymal @entity548 and @entity2300 who received early preoperative high-dose @entity2656 (HDM) versus conventional dose @entity2656 treatment in the emergency room. METHODS: One hundred forty-one adult @entity1 with traumatic, nonmissile, acute, intraparenchymal @entity548 associated with early @entity2300 were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive emergency preoperative intravenous HDM treatment (approximately 1.4 g/kg; 72 @entity1 ) and were compared with a control group that was treated with a lower preoperative @entity2656 dose (approximately 0.7 g/kg; 69 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Early preoperative improvement of abnormal bilateral pupillary widening was significantly more frequent in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.03). The same was true for abnormal unilateral pupillary widening (P < 0.01). Early HDM treatment in the emergency room was also associated with significantly better 6-month clinical outcomes (P < 0.005). The two groups of @entity1 were well matched with respect to diameter of the @entity548 (approximately 4 cm) as well as timing of clot removal (approximately 2.5 hours after injury). Postoperative physiological findings revealed statistically significant between-group differences, with higher intracranial pressure and lower cerebral extraction of @entity26 (global relative cerebral hyperperfusion) in the control group than in the HDM group. @entity2806 (abnormally low arteriojugular lactate difference values) was rare and was found for less than 3% of the @entity1 in both groups. CONCLUSION: Early preoperative HDM administration in the emergency room was associated with improved clinical outcomes for @entity772 @entity1 with acute, nonmissile, intraparenchymal @entity548 and associated @entity2300 . Early improvement of bilateral or unilateral @entity2300 and better postoperative control of intracranial @entity101 and associated global relative cerebral hyperperfusion seemed to be relevant factors that were related to improved outcomes.

title: Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of @entity2656 for intraparenchymal XXXX with @entity2300 : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe hemorrhages']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated long-term clinical outcomes and postoperative physiological findings in acutely @entity772 @entity1 with nonmissile surgical intraparenchymal @entity548 and @entity2300 who received early preoperative high-dose @entity2656 (HDM) versus conventional dose @entity2656 treatment in the emergency room. METHODS: One hundred forty-one adult @entity1 with traumatic, nonmissile, acute, intraparenchymal @entity548 associated with early @entity2300 were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive emergency preoperative intravenous HDM treatment (approximately 1.4 g/kg; 72 @entity1 ) and were compared with a control group that was treated with a lower preoperative @entity2656 dose (approximately 0.7 g/kg; 69 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Early preoperative improvement of abnormal bilateral pupillary widening was significantly more frequent in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.03). The same was true for abnormal unilateral pupillary widening (P < 0.01). Early HDM treatment in the emergency room was also associated with significantly better 6-month clinical outcomes (P < 0.005). The two groups of @entity1 were well matched with respect to diameter of the @entity548 (approximately 4 cm) as well as timing of clot removal (approximately 2.5 hours after injury). Postoperative physiological findings revealed statistically significant between-group differences, with higher intracranial pressure and lower cerebral extraction of @entity26 (global relative cerebral hyperperfusion) in the control group than in the HDM group. @entity2806 (abnormally low arteriojugular lactate difference values) was rare and was found for less than 3% of the @entity1 in both groups. CONCLUSION: Early preoperative HDM administration in the emergency room was associated with improved clinical outcomes for @entity772 @entity1 with acute, nonmissile, intraparenchymal @entity548 and associated @entity2300 . Early improvement of bilateral or unilateral @entity2300 and better postoperative control of intracranial @entity101 and associated global relative cerebral hyperperfusion seemed to be relevant factors that were related to improved outcomes.

title: Major clinical and physiological benefits of early high doses of @entity2656 for intraparenchymal @entity548 with XXXX : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity2300 :: (MESH:D011681,Disease) :: ['abnormal pupillary widening']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the expression of certain growth factors and/or structural proteins is correlated with the biological behavior of cranial base @entity3580 . METHODS: The study investigated 14 pathological specimens of cranial base @entity3580 from @entity1 who were monitored for at least 2 years after their initial operations. Some cases involved @entity5 recurrences and multiple operations. For those @entity1 , the time to recurrence after each operation was recorded and a mean value was calculated. Nine @entity1 with mean times to recurrence of 24 months or more or with 24 months of follow-up monitoring without recurrence after single operations were designated the "good-prognosis" group. Five @entity1 with mean times to recurrence of less than 24 months were designated the "poor-prognosis" group. In each case, only the specimen from the initial operation was studied. Multiple sequential sections were cut from paraffin-embedded blocks of tissue and immunohistochemically prepared for detection of three growth factors and three structural proteins, i.e., basic fibroblast growth factor, @entity310 , @entity7 , fibronectin, collagen III, and collagen IV. Intensity of expression was graded by using a four-tier system (Grades 0, 1, 2, and 3). Levels of expression of the molecules in the two groups were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The mean @entity310 expression intensity grades for the good- and poor-prognosis groups were 0.8 and 2.6, respectively, and the corresponding mean basic fibroblast growth factor grades were 1.4 and 2.6. For both groups, the mean grade for @entity7 expression was 0.6. For fibronectin, the mean staining grades for the good- and poor-prognosis groups were 2.2 and 3.0, respectively. The corresponding mean intensities for collagen III were 1.1 and 0.8, and those for collagen IV were 2.5 and 2.6. CONCLUSION: Our descriptive data from immunohistochemical analyses of @entity3580 suggest that high levels of @entity310 and basic fibroblast growth factor expression are linked to higher rates of recurrence. Strong fibronectin expression may also be a marker of aggressive biological behavior.

title: Expression of growth factors and structural proteins in XXXX : basic fibroblast growth factor, @entity310 , and fibronectin are correlated with recurrence.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple tumor']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the expression of certain growth factors and/or structural proteins is correlated with the biological behavior of cranial base @entity3580 . METHODS: The study investigated 14 pathological specimens of cranial base @entity3580 from @entity1 who were monitored for at least 2 years after their initial operations. Some cases involved @entity5 recurrences and multiple operations. For those @entity1 , the time to recurrence after each operation was recorded and a mean value was calculated. Nine @entity1 with mean times to recurrence of 24 months or more or with 24 months of follow-up monitoring without recurrence after single operations were designated the "good-prognosis" group. Five @entity1 with mean times to recurrence of less than 24 months were designated the "poor-prognosis" group. In each case, only the specimen from the initial operation was studied. Multiple sequential sections were cut from paraffin-embedded blocks of tissue and immunohistochemically prepared for detection of three growth factors and three structural proteins, i.e., basic fibroblast growth factor, @entity310 , @entity7 , fibronectin, collagen III, and collagen IV. Intensity of expression was graded by using a four-tier system (Grades 0, 1, 2, and 3). Levels of expression of the molecules in the two groups were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The mean @entity310 expression intensity grades for the good- and poor-prognosis groups were 0.8 and 2.6, respectively, and the corresponding mean basic fibroblast growth factor grades were 1.4 and 2.6. For both groups, the mean grade for @entity7 expression was 0.6. For fibronectin, the mean staining grades for the good- and poor-prognosis groups were 2.2 and 3.0, respectively. The corresponding mean intensities for collagen III were 1.1 and 0.8, and those for collagen IV were 2.5 and 2.6. CONCLUSION: Our descriptive data from immunohistochemical analyses of @entity3580 suggest that high levels of @entity310 and basic fibroblast growth factor expression are linked to higher rates of recurrence. Strong fibronectin expression may also be a marker of aggressive biological behavior.

title: Expression of growth factors and structural proteins in @entity3580 : basic fibroblast growth factor, XXXX , and fibronectin are correlated with recurrence.

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']


abstract: The cytopathological findings after fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ) are not well defined. This is an important issue, once this procedure is the first step in nodule evaluation. This study evaluated FNAB findings and correlated these findings with histopathology in @entity1 subjected to thyroidectomy. Eleven clinically euthyroid female @entity1 (age range: 19 to 47 years) with @entity1374 , satisfactory specimens from FNAB and negative antithyroid antibodies were studied. Seven @entity1 had autonomous nodules. The cytopathological findings were of follicular pattern suggestive of @entity5 in one case where the histopathological examination confirmed a follicular @entity652 . In all other 6 autonomous cases, the smears were suggestive of @entity5651 and they had surgery due to compressive symptoms (n=4) or subclinical @entity1378 (n=2). The histopathological results confirmed @entity5651 in all except one who presented a follicular @entity652 . Four @entity1 had functioning thyroid nodules that suppressed their 1311 uptake after receiving T3. The cytopathological findings were considered malignant in one case surgically confirmed to be a @entity1377 . In all other 3 non-autonomous cases, the smears were suggestive of @entity5651 and they had surgery due to compressive symptoms (n=1), aesthetic reasons (n=11) or increase in nodule volume (n=1). The histopathological results confirmed @entity5651 . In conclusion, FNAB was an accurate predictor of thyroid pathology in @entity1374 without false-positive results in the present study.

title: Cytopathological findings from fine-needle aspiration biopsy are accurate predictors of thyroid pathology in XXXX with functioning thyroid nodules.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['colloid goiter']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['FSTN', 'functioning solitary thyroid nodules']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report 2 cases in which abdominal sonography played a useful role in diagnosing @entity370 with early nodular hepatosplenic manifestations. METHODS: In the first case, an asymptomatic @entity1 with increased liver enzyme values underwent sonography, which showed multiple hypoechoic nodules in the liver and spleen. Computed tomography confirmed the hepatosplenic findings and showed micronodular infiltrates of both lung fields, without hilar and mediastinal @entity3329 . In the second case, in a @entity1 with a cough, @entity1353 , and increased liver enzyme levels, thoracic computed tomography showed right @entity1143 causing partial @entity891 of the lower and middle lobes and mediastinal @entity3329 . RESULTS: Sonography and computed tomography showed multiple nodules of the liver and spleen and @entity3329 . In both cases, bronchoscopy, bronchial and bronchioloalveolar lavages, and transbronchial and mediastinal biopsies had negative results. Sonographically guided biopsy of the hepatic nodules was carried out and @entity738 were detected in the portal areas. After 3 months of @entity134 therapy, liver enzyme values nearly normalized, and sonography showed the disappearance of all abdominal lesions. The first @entity1 underwent control computed tomography, which confirmed the regression of the disease; the second @entity1 refused control computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS: @entity370 can occur with atypical onset, and in selected cases sonography may play a useful role in its diagnosis and follow-up.

title: Sonographically guided biopsy and sonographic monitoring in the diagnosis and follow-up of 2 cases of XXXX with hepatic nodules and inconclusive thoracic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy', 'lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoid granulomas']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: We previously showed that the oxidant @entity6710 ( @entity29101 -) was strongly mutagenic in the supF shuttle vector pSP189 replicated in bacteria or @entity1 cells. Qualitative characteristics of the mutational spectra induced by @entity29101 - differed significantly from those reportedly caused by @entity3787 radical ( @entity2145 .) in other experimental systems but showed similarities to spectra reportedly produced by singlet @entity26 ( @entity2767 ). The molecular mechanisms of @entity29101 --mediated DNA damage are unknown. The objective of the present set of experiments was to characterize mutational effects induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by @entity2145 * and @entity2767 to permit direct comparison with mutational spectra induced by @entity29101 - in this system. Base substitutions were the major form of mutation induced in plasmids replicated in @entity1 (AD293) cells by @entity29101 - (84%) and @entity2767 (71%), whereas @entity2145 * induced fewer of them (49%). In plasmids replicated in bacteria ( @entity526 MBL50), frequencies of base substitutions induced by the three treatments were similar. G:C-to-T:A transversions were the most common form of base substitution induced by @entity29101 - (75% and 67%, respectively, in AD293- and MBL50-replicated plasmids) and @entity2767 (68% and 71%); they were induced at lower frequencies by @entity2145 . (51% and 47%). G:C-to-C:G transversions or G:C-to-A:T transitions were induced at almost equal frequencies by both @entity29101 - and @entity2767 , whereas @entity2145 * induced these mutations at different frequencies in the AD293 system. Collectively, our results confirm that in several important respects mutational spectra induced by @entity29101 - have greater similarity to spectra induced by @entity2767 than to those induced by @entity2145 * and suggest that genotoxic derivatives of @entity29101 - are likely to include species that have DNA-damaging properties resembling those of @entity2767 in selectivity for @entity2774 but not identical in sequence specificity.

title: Mutations induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by @entity3787 radical and singlet XXXX : relevance to @entity6710 mutagenesis.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: We previously showed that the oxidant @entity6710 ( @entity29101 -) was strongly mutagenic in the supF shuttle vector pSP189 replicated in bacteria or @entity1 cells. Qualitative characteristics of the mutational spectra induced by @entity29101 - differed significantly from those reportedly caused by @entity3787 radical ( @entity2145 .) in other experimental systems but showed similarities to spectra reportedly produced by singlet @entity26 ( @entity2767 ). The molecular mechanisms of @entity29101 --mediated DNA damage are unknown. The objective of the present set of experiments was to characterize mutational effects induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by @entity2145 * and @entity2767 to permit direct comparison with mutational spectra induced by @entity29101 - in this system. Base substitutions were the major form of mutation induced in plasmids replicated in @entity1 (AD293) cells by @entity29101 - (84%) and @entity2767 (71%), whereas @entity2145 * induced fewer of them (49%). In plasmids replicated in bacteria ( @entity526 MBL50), frequencies of base substitutions induced by the three treatments were similar. G:C-to-T:A transversions were the most common form of base substitution induced by @entity29101 - (75% and 67%, respectively, in AD293- and MBL50-replicated plasmids) and @entity2767 (68% and 71%); they were induced at lower frequencies by @entity2145 . (51% and 47%). G:C-to-C:G transversions or G:C-to-A:T transitions were induced at almost equal frequencies by both @entity29101 - and @entity2767 , whereas @entity2145 * induced these mutations at different frequencies in the AD293 system. Collectively, our results confirm that in several important respects mutational spectra induced by @entity29101 - have greater similarity to spectra induced by @entity2767 than to those induced by @entity2145 * and suggest that genotoxic derivatives of @entity29101 - are likely to include species that have DNA-damaging properties resembling those of @entity2767 in selectivity for @entity2774 but not identical in sequence specificity.

title: Mutations induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by XXXX radical and singlet @entity26 : relevance to @entity6710 mutagenesis.

answer: @entity3787 :: (MESH:D017665,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyl']


abstract: We previously showed that the oxidant @entity6710 ( @entity29101 -) was strongly mutagenic in the supF shuttle vector pSP189 replicated in bacteria or @entity1 cells. Qualitative characteristics of the mutational spectra induced by @entity29101 - differed significantly from those reportedly caused by @entity3787 radical ( @entity2145 .) in other experimental systems but showed similarities to spectra reportedly produced by singlet @entity26 ( @entity2767 ). The molecular mechanisms of @entity29101 --mediated DNA damage are unknown. The objective of the present set of experiments was to characterize mutational effects induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by @entity2145 * and @entity2767 to permit direct comparison with mutational spectra induced by @entity29101 - in this system. Base substitutions were the major form of mutation induced in plasmids replicated in @entity1 (AD293) cells by @entity29101 - (84%) and @entity2767 (71%), whereas @entity2145 * induced fewer of them (49%). In plasmids replicated in bacteria ( @entity526 MBL50), frequencies of base substitutions induced by the three treatments were similar. G:C-to-T:A transversions were the most common form of base substitution induced by @entity29101 - (75% and 67%, respectively, in AD293- and MBL50-replicated plasmids) and @entity2767 (68% and 71%); they were induced at lower frequencies by @entity2145 . (51% and 47%). G:C-to-C:G transversions or G:C-to-A:T transitions were induced at almost equal frequencies by both @entity29101 - and @entity2767 , whereas @entity2145 * induced these mutations at different frequencies in the AD293 system. Collectively, our results confirm that in several important respects mutational spectra induced by @entity29101 - have greater similarity to spectra induced by @entity2767 than to those induced by @entity2145 * and suggest that genotoxic derivatives of @entity29101 - are likely to include species that have DNA-damaging properties resembling those of @entity2767 in selectivity for @entity2774 but not identical in sequence specificity.

title: Mutations induced in the supF gene of pSP189 by @entity3787 radical and singlet @entity26 : relevance to XXXX mutagenesis.

answer: @entity6710 :: (MESH:D030421,Chemical) :: ['peroxynitrite']


abstract: PURPOSE: Large-core needle biopsy (LCNB) has become a more widely used technique in the evaluation of @entity1558 . This study was undertaken to access the accuracy of percutaneous LCNB on @entity1558 and the impact on further proceeding. METHODS: A retrospective review of imaging-guided LCNB of 159 @entity1558 was done. 143 LCNB were taken with ultrasound guided automated spring gun biopsy and 16 stereotactic-guided with vacuum-assisted biopsy device. Histology and morphobiological parameters were compared with subsequent material from surgery. RESULTS: In 113 core biopsies (71%), an infiltrating @entity0 was diagnosed, 5 biopsies (3%) yielded in-situ/atypical lesions and a benign lesion was shown in 38 cases (24%). In 3 cases, insufficient/necrotic material was obtained. 108 @entity1 underwent subsequent surgery. In 100/108 cases (93%), histology on LCNB and surgery was identical. LCNB was false negative in 5 core biopsies (5%). Immunhistochemical stains of hormone receptors, @entity588 , @entity1722 , @entity876 and @entity1758 was comparable on LCNB and on surgical material. Based on the results of LCNB, 17/113 @entity1 (15%) with infiltrating @entity189 were primarily treated with hormones or with neoadjuvant therapy. 32/38 @entity1 (84%) with benign lesions were followed up by imaging control. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with benign lesions on imaging, open biopsies can be avoided by LCNB. In @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity189 , therapy planning is improved. The addition of morphobiological parameters allows early individual treatment.

title: Large-core needle biopsy for diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare postoperative signs of discomfort and complications associated with use of @entity515 laser for onychectomy with those of the scalpel technique in @entity468 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, masked clinical trial. ANIMALS: 20 client-owned @entity468 . PROCEDURE: Forelimb feet (right, left) were randomly assigned to laser and scalpel treatment groups. Signs of discomfort ( @entity1273 and signs of @entity158 ) and complications ( @entity548 , @entity4 , and discharge) were assessed on days 0, 1, and 7. Surgeries were performed by 1 experienced surgeon. Evaluations were performed by 2 individuals without knowledge of treatment group. Signs of discomfort and complications were scored on scales of 0 to 8 and 0 to 9, respectively. RESULTS: Onychectomy did not result in high discomfort or complication scores 1 day after surgery, regardless of technique used, although the laser-treated group had significantly lower scores for signs of discomfort and complications. Seven days after surgery, significant differences were not detected between groups for signs of discomfort or complications. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The @entity515 laser can be an excellent tool for onychectomy in @entity468 , with excellent hemostasis and minimal postoperative discomfort and complications. Differences in discomfort and complications between groups treated via scalpel versus @entity515 laser were not clinically relevant and were only observed 1 day after surgery.

title: Use of carbon dioxide laser for onychectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: Epidemiological studies suggest an association between ambient particulate matter and @entity66 in @entity1 . The mechanisms underlying these health effects are poorly understood. To better understand the potential relationship between particulate-matter-induced @entity32 and @entity455 , a 2-phase retrospective study was conducted. Phase one included the review of heart, lung, and kidney tissues from high-dose and control male B6C3F1 @entity19 exposed by inhalation to 9 particulate compounds for a 2-year period. The results showed that high-dose males developed significantly increased incidences of @entity8 over controls in 2 of the 9 studies ( @entity70651 and @entity43994 ), while marginal increases in @entity3468 incidence was detected in 2 additional studies ( @entity18251 and @entity7565 ). In contrast, @entity3468 of the muscular arteries of the lung was not observed. Morphological features of @entity3468 in these studies included an influx of mixed inflammatory cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Partial and complete effacement of the normal vascular wall architecture, often with extension of the inflammatory process into the periarterial connective tissue, was observed. Phase 2 evaluated the heart, lung, kidney, and mesentery of male and female B6C3F1 @entity19 from the 90-day studies of the 4 compounds demonstrating @entity3468 after a 2-year period. The results showed @entity3468 did not develop in the 90-day studies, suggesting that long-term chronic exposure to lower-dose metallic particulate matter may be necessary to induce or exacerbate @entity3468 .

title: XXXX in male B6C3F1 @entity19 exposed to particulate matter by inhalation: studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['coronary and renal arteritis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity18251 :: ('MESH:C066075', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadium pentoxide']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity7565 :: ('MESH:C043055', 'Chemical') :: ['gallium arsenide']

entities_list: @entity43994 :: ('MESH:C026305', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalt sulfate heptahydrate']

entities_list: @entity70651 :: ('MESH:C090882', 'Chemical') :: ['indium phosphide']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Systemic vascular disease']


abstract: Epidemiological studies suggest an association between ambient particulate matter and @entity66 in @entity1 . The mechanisms underlying these health effects are poorly understood. To better understand the potential relationship between particulate-matter-induced @entity32 and @entity455 , a 2-phase retrospective study was conducted. Phase one included the review of heart, lung, and kidney tissues from high-dose and control male B6C3F1 @entity19 exposed by inhalation to 9 particulate compounds for a 2-year period. The results showed that high-dose males developed significantly increased incidences of @entity8 over controls in 2 of the 9 studies ( @entity70651 and @entity43994 ), while marginal increases in @entity3468 incidence was detected in 2 additional studies ( @entity18251 and @entity7565 ). In contrast, @entity3468 of the muscular arteries of the lung was not observed. Morphological features of @entity3468 in these studies included an influx of mixed inflammatory cells including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Partial and complete effacement of the normal vascular wall architecture, often with extension of the inflammatory process into the periarterial connective tissue, was observed. Phase 2 evaluated the heart, lung, kidney, and mesentery of male and female B6C3F1 @entity19 from the 90-day studies of the 4 compounds demonstrating @entity3468 after a 2-year period. The results showed @entity3468 did not develop in the 90-day studies, suggesting that long-term chronic exposure to lower-dose metallic particulate matter may be necessary to induce or exacerbate @entity3468 .

title: @entity455 in male B6C3F1 XXXX exposed to particulate matter by inhalation: studies conducted by the National Toxicology Program.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In @entity309 joint good results are obtained using arthroscopic synovectomy or radiation synovectomy. Aim of our study was to investigate, whether the combination of these two minimal invasive interventions achieves better results. First we performed arthroscopic synovectomy of the knee joint followed by radiation synovectomy with application of 111-222 MBq Yttrium-90 6 weeks later. In a prospective randomised clinical trial between 1987 and 1991 we performed radiation synovectomy on 22 knee joints and combined arthroscopic and radiation synovectomy on 26 knee joints. We explored the @entity1 preoperatively, 6 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. In 1996 we evaluated 141 knee joints in a retrospective clinical trial. 90 @entity2720 had been treated with the combined therapy, 39 only with radiation synovectomy and 12 only with arthroscopic synovectomy. Depending on the three different therapeutic interventions, the @entity1 were classified into midterm (3-5 years) and long-term (6-8 years) observation groups. The trials are based on the standardized @entity4819 -Questionnaire of the knee joint, the modified @entity4819 Knee-Score and the radiological grading according to Larsen, Dale and @entity66283 . In the prospective clinical trial we found significant better results for @entity1 treated with the combined therapy than for @entity1 treated with radiation synovectomy only regarding the @entity4 , effusion, range of motion, @entity158 and Knee-Score. In the long-term results of the retrospective clinical trial the @entity1 treated with the combined therapy showed a significant better outcome for the @entity158 , swelling and Knee-Score, than the @entity1 treated with radiation synovectomy. Although no statistically significant difference was found comparing the results of the combined therapy with arthroscopic synovectomy, an improvement of the clinical outcome can be observed performing arthroscopic synovectomy followed by radiation synovectomy. In the treatment of @entity309 joint a better outcome is achieved performing combined arthroscopic and radiation synovectomy than performing only one of the methods.

title: [Combined arthroscopic and radiation synovectomy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['parameter swelling']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'parameters pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Knee joints']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis of the knee']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In treating @entity1 with @entity2790 or primary @entity1538 , if a single agent cannot successfully control the pressure, additional medications may be prescribed. The cost of treatment may become expensive, especially with multiple drug therapy. Thus, prescribing techniques that help minimize costs may be beneficial to @entity1 when medically appropriate. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in drug and visit costs after switching to latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy (LM) versus adding latanoprost 0.005% once daily (Lbeta) or @entity16495 0.2% twice daily (Bbeta) in @entity1 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy alone. METHODS: This study included 148 consecutive qualified charts of @entity1538 or @entity2790 @entity1 within the first year of follow-up after switching from beta-blocker monotherapy to latanoprost or adding latanoprost or @entity16495 . RESULTS: The Bbeta group demonstrated the highest costs per month, followed by the Lbeta group, then the LM group. A trend existed in the Lbeta group to a lower pressure than the Bbeta or the LM groups. A greater mean change in medication per @entity1 per month was seen in the Bbeta group compared to the latanoprost treatment groups. Additionally, a greater number of visits per month occurred in the Bbeta than in the LM and Lbeta groups. The Bbeta group also reported significantly more tearing and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in @entity1 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy, switching to latanoprost, when medically appropriate, may provide a further mean reduction in intraocular pressure and save costs compared to adding latanoprost or @entity16495 .

title: An economic analysis of switching to latanoprost from a beta-blocker or adding @entity16495 or latanoprost to a beta-blocker in @entity1538 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity16495 :: ('MESH:C015620', 'Chemical') :: ['brimonidine']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In treating @entity1 with @entity2790 or primary @entity1538 , if a single agent cannot successfully control the pressure, additional medications may be prescribed. The cost of treatment may become expensive, especially with multiple drug therapy. Thus, prescribing techniques that help minimize costs may be beneficial to @entity1 when medically appropriate. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in drug and visit costs after switching to latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy (LM) versus adding latanoprost 0.005% once daily (Lbeta) or @entity16495 0.2% twice daily (Bbeta) in @entity1 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy alone. METHODS: This study included 148 consecutive qualified charts of @entity1538 or @entity2790 @entity1 within the first year of follow-up after switching from beta-blocker monotherapy to latanoprost or adding latanoprost or @entity16495 . RESULTS: The Bbeta group demonstrated the highest costs per month, followed by the Lbeta group, then the LM group. A trend existed in the Lbeta group to a lower pressure than the Bbeta or the LM groups. A greater mean change in medication per @entity1 per month was seen in the Bbeta group compared to the latanoprost treatment groups. Additionally, a greater number of visits per month occurred in the Bbeta than in the LM and Lbeta groups. The Bbeta group also reported significantly more tearing and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in @entity1 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy, switching to latanoprost, when medically appropriate, may provide a further mean reduction in intraocular pressure and save costs compared to adding latanoprost or @entity16495 .

title: An economic analysis of switching to latanoprost from a beta-blocker or adding @entity16495 or latanoprost to a beta-blocker in XXXX or @entity2790 .

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In treating @entity1 with @entity2790 or primary @entity1538 , if a single agent cannot successfully control the pressure, additional medications may be prescribed. The cost of treatment may become expensive, especially with multiple drug therapy. Thus, prescribing techniques that help minimize costs may be beneficial to @entity1 when medically appropriate. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in drug and visit costs after switching to latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy (LM) versus adding latanoprost 0.005% once daily (Lbeta) or @entity16495 0.2% twice daily (Bbeta) in @entity1 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy alone. METHODS: This study included 148 consecutive qualified charts of @entity1538 or @entity2790 @entity1 within the first year of follow-up after switching from beta-blocker monotherapy to latanoprost or adding latanoprost or @entity16495 . RESULTS: The Bbeta group demonstrated the highest costs per month, followed by the Lbeta group, then the LM group. A trend existed in the Lbeta group to a lower pressure than the Bbeta or the LM groups. A greater mean change in medication per @entity1 per month was seen in the Bbeta group compared to the latanoprost treatment groups. Additionally, a greater number of visits per month occurred in the Bbeta than in the LM and Lbeta groups. The Bbeta group also reported significantly more tearing and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in @entity1 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy, switching to latanoprost, when medically appropriate, may provide a further mean reduction in intraocular pressure and save costs compared to adding latanoprost or @entity16495 .

title: An economic analysis of switching to latanoprost from a beta-blocker or adding XXXX or latanoprost to a beta-blocker in @entity1538 or @entity2790 .

answer: @entity16495 :: (MESH:C015620,Chemical) :: ['brimonidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to identify the incidence of prolonged travel among consecutive @entity1 with @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and to investigate any differences in the patterns of traveller's @entity715 versus @entity1150 's with no history of prolonged recent travel. METHODS: of 137 consecutive @entity1 , who were confirmed to have @entity1150 by duplex ultrasonography, 36 were excluded because of either prolonged immobilisation or recent surgery. All @entity1 were asked whether they had travelled within 2 weeks for more than 3h. The presence of other classic risk factors for @entity1150 was also recorded. @entity1 who were unlikely to travel as a result of prolonged immobility for more than 2 weeks and those who underwent surgery within 2 weeks were excluded from the study. The extent and location of thrombi was also verified by duplex scanning in each @entity1 . RESULTS: of 101 @entity1 , eligible for the final analysis, 15 (15%) claimed to have a recent travel, of whom 9 (9%) travelled by air. By comparison of a group of 106 @entity1 with similar symptoms at presentation, but who had negative duplex finding 12 (11%) had a history of prolonged travel (p=0.8, Fisher's exact test). Travel-related @entity1150 occurred to a significantly younger age group than non travellers. Thirteen (87%) out of 15 @entity1 with travel-related @entity1150 had another coexisting risk factor and 7 out of 10 @entity1 had a positive @entity49 screen. CONCLUSION: The majority of those with travel-related @entity1150 had other concomitant risk factors and a high incidence of a positive @entity49 screen, suggesting that travel itself may act as an additive risk among those with pre-existing risk factors for @entity1150 .

title: Characteristics of XXXX associated with prolonged travel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: AIMS: Presence of axillary lymph node @entity3 is considered the most important prognostic factor for @entity0 survival. In a period of increasing popularity for the sentinel node procedure, clarity about the possible relation between axillary dissection and survival is essential. This study investigated whether the total number of removed lymph nodes and the ratio of invaded/removed lymph nodes (lymph node ratio (LNR) would prove to be independent prognostic factors for survival. METHODS: Data from 453 consecutive @entity1 with stage I or II @entity0 were studied retrospectively. The total number of removed lymph nodes and the LNR were analysed for their prognostic value in comparison with known prognostic factors. RESULTS: Node-negative @entity1 with < 14 lymph nodes removed had a 10 year survival of 79% compared with 89% in @entity1 with > or = 14 lymph nodes removed (P=0.005). The 10 year survival for @entity1 with an LNR > or = 0.2 was 52%, compared with 73% for @entity1 with an LNR < 0.2 (P<0.0001). A Cox proportional hazards model showed that, for node-negative @entity1 , only age and total number of removed lymph nodes were significant prognostic factors. For node-positive @entity1 , age, total number of removed lymph nodes and the LNR were significant risk factors for survival outcome. The LNR was also significantly associated with the presence of distant @entity3 during follow-up (hazard ratio 3.56, range 1.63-7.77). CONCLUSIONS: In stage I and II @entity0 , a favourable prognosis was found for node-negative @entity1 with > or = 14 removed lymph nodes. Before axillary lymph node dissection with its well-defined survival prognosis is replaced by less invasive staging methods, long-term survival using new staging techniques needs to be defined. For node-positive @entity1 , the LNR proved to be an excellent predictor for survival outcome or development of @entity3 . Selection of lymph node-positive @entity1 based on the LNR may guide specific adjuvant treatment choices.

title: Axillary lymph node ratio and total number of removed lymph nodes: predictors of survival in stage I and II XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Two litters of English cocker spaniels (ECSs) produced by @entity8 ( @entity8 ) carriers were evaluated to characterize the early features of this disease. Three puppies developed @entity8 . @entity644 , which began when these puppies were five-to-eight months old, was the first abnormality detected. @entity644 persisted while each puppy's growth rate slowed, and renal function gradually deteriorated. The interval from onset of @entity644 to development of @entity2629 was two-to-nine months. Characteristic glomerular capillary basement membrane (GCBM) lesions were seen with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of renal biopsy specimens obtained during this interval. Ultrastructural GCBM lesions progressed substantially during the interval from biopsy to necropsy. However, routine light microscopic findings did not allow definitive diagnosis of @entity8 in either biopsy or necropsy specimens. Detection of @entity8 can be accomplished by screening at-risk ECSs for @entity644 . Renal biopsies are required to confirm the diagnosis in @entity235 for which @entity644 cannot be explained otherwise. Percutaneous needle biopsy specimens sufficient for TEM must be used to examine the GCBM to make a definitive diagnosis.

title: Early diagnosis of XXXX in English cocker spaniels.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria', 'proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['FN', 'familial nephropathy']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['familial nephropathy']


abstract: Previous animal models testing infantile reactivity to @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) in maternal milk used @entity167 doses that vastly exceeded levels actually encountered in a mildly or moderately intoxicated dam. The present study assessed whether 12- and 16-day-old @entity35 are capable of detecting @entity167 in milk at levels actually recorded in an intoxicated dam. Experiment 1 determined representative levels of @entity167 in maternal milk as a function of maternal intragastric administration of @entity167 (0.5-3.0 g/kg). Experiment 2A assessed generalization of conditioned taste aversions accrued with a high level of @entity167 (6%) in either water or milk vehicles towards lower, more representative @entity167 levels obtained from Experiment 1. With body weight gain as the dependent measure, conditioned aversions to milk were evident with the milk vehicle, but there was no detection of @entity167 at any level at either age. Detection of the high level of @entity167 (6%) in milk, however, was observed by 16 day olds within an habituation paradigm (Exp. 2b) via cardiac and behavioral (locomotion, mouthing) indexes. In Experiment 3 application of Experiment 2's more sensitive, behavioral index to assess generalization of the conditioned taste aversions revealed detection of a lower, more representative concentration of @entity167 (175 mg%) in milk in 16-day-old @entity35 . Overall the results show that the unweaned @entity35 is capable of detecting very low concentrations of @entity167 in milk and can modify their behavior accordingly. The expression of this capability is not, however, homogeneous across different response indexes. In conjunction with prior research it is clear that the @entity1 @entity35 's perception of @entity167 in milk, including the very low levels of @entity167 found in maternal milk during mild or moderate intoxication, is a relevant experience for generating new responses towards @entity167 .

title: Behavioral detection of low concentrations of XXXX in milk in the preweanling @entity35 .

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Previous animal models testing infantile reactivity to @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) in maternal milk used @entity167 doses that vastly exceeded levels actually encountered in a mildly or moderately intoxicated dam. The present study assessed whether 12- and 16-day-old @entity35 are capable of detecting @entity167 in milk at levels actually recorded in an intoxicated dam. Experiment 1 determined representative levels of @entity167 in maternal milk as a function of maternal intragastric administration of @entity167 (0.5-3.0 g/kg). Experiment 2A assessed generalization of conditioned taste aversions accrued with a high level of @entity167 (6%) in either water or milk vehicles towards lower, more representative @entity167 levels obtained from Experiment 1. With body weight gain as the dependent measure, conditioned aversions to milk were evident with the milk vehicle, but there was no detection of @entity167 at any level at either age. Detection of the high level of @entity167 (6%) in milk, however, was observed by 16 day olds within an habituation paradigm (Exp. 2b) via cardiac and behavioral (locomotion, mouthing) indexes. In Experiment 3 application of Experiment 2's more sensitive, behavioral index to assess generalization of the conditioned taste aversions revealed detection of a lower, more representative concentration of @entity167 (175 mg%) in milk in 16-day-old @entity35 . Overall the results show that the unweaned @entity35 is capable of detecting very low concentrations of @entity167 in milk and can modify their behavior accordingly. The expression of this capability is not, however, homogeneous across different response indexes. In conjunction with prior research it is clear that the @entity1 @entity35 's perception of @entity167 in milk, including the very low levels of @entity167 found in maternal milk during mild or moderate intoxication, is a relevant experience for generating new responses towards @entity167 .

title: Behavioral detection of low concentrations of @entity1068 in milk in the preweanling XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Several kinds of @entity2500 model in @entity35 have been developed. Variable @entity63 inductions are attributed to the different contributing factors in @entity2806 formation. In the present study, we examined the differences in @entity63 induction attributed to chronic stage. Male @entity35 were subjected to two kinds of @entity2500 model, a thermocoagulation and a photothrombosis model. We compared the changes in body weight, neurological outcome, size of @entity2806 , @entity2657 and @entity194 formation, and histological data for 84 days between a thermocoagulation and a photothrombosis model in @entity35 . Although the time courses of @entity1188 formation were no different, there were differences in the time courses of @entity2657 , @entity194 formation, and @entity528 between the models. Microinfarction formation was observed as a characteristic of the photothrombosis model. The present study demonstrated that differences in @entity63 induction did not affect maturation of @entity1188 size, @entity1010 , or @entity528 84 days after @entity63 . However, the progress of maturation was different between the models. The possibility that reperfusion contributed to the time course of @entity2657 and @entity194 was considered, and it was suggested that @entity2657 formation influenced neurological outcome.

title: Time courses of progress to the chronic stage of XXXX models in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal deficits']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']


abstract: Several kinds of @entity2500 model in @entity35 have been developed. Variable @entity63 inductions are attributed to the different contributing factors in @entity2806 formation. In the present study, we examined the differences in @entity63 induction attributed to chronic stage. Male @entity35 were subjected to two kinds of @entity2500 model, a thermocoagulation and a photothrombosis model. We compared the changes in body weight, neurological outcome, size of @entity2806 , @entity2657 and @entity194 formation, and histological data for 84 days between a thermocoagulation and a photothrombosis model in @entity35 . Although the time courses of @entity1188 formation were no different, there were differences in the time courses of @entity2657 , @entity194 formation, and @entity528 between the models. Microinfarction formation was observed as a characteristic of the photothrombosis model. The present study demonstrated that differences in @entity63 induction did not affect maturation of @entity1188 size, @entity1010 , or @entity528 84 days after @entity63 . However, the progress of maturation was different between the models. The possibility that reperfusion contributed to the time course of @entity2657 and @entity194 was considered, and it was suggested that @entity2657 formation influenced neurological outcome.

title: Time courses of progress to the chronic stage of @entity2500 models in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: This prospective study was focused on the radiological features of @entity64 and the recent contribution of computerized tomographic scan (CT scan) to diagnosis of hospitalized @entity64 @entity1 . All @entity1 admitted for @entity64 to the Neurology Department of the Nouakchott Hospital between January 1, 1996 and June 30, 1997 were enrolled in this study. @entity1 were divided into two groups, i.e. CT group including @entity1 that underwent CT scan during hospitalization and control group including @entity1 that did not undergo CT scan for financial reasons. The etiology of @entity64 (35.1% of hospitalizations) was @entity63 in 52% of cases and @entity548 in 48%. There were more @entity1 than @entity1 and mean age was 60 years for @entity385 versus 56 years for @entity64 . Only 8% of @entity1 presented documented @entity6 . Deep @entity1188 accounted for 52% of @entity385 including large-artery @entity1188 in 61.2% and lacunar @entity1188 in 38.8%. Superficial @entity1188 usually involved the territory supplied by the superficial sylvian artery. Intraparenchymal @entity1410 accounted for 78% of @entity64 in relation with the high incidence of arterial @entity101 (65.2%). The most common locations were capsulo-lenticular (55%) and capsulo-thalamic (39%). @entity64 -related mortality was high (20.3%) especially in @entity1 presenting @entity1662 and @entity177 . By allowing more accurate assessment of lesions, CT-scan improved @entity1 management and therapeutic outcome.

title: [Contribution of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of XXXX in Nouakchott, Mauritania].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemorrhagic strokes', 'hemorrhagic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged disturbances of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are essential for facilitated, directional nuclear transport; however, the mechanism by which ~30 different nucleoporins (nups) are assembled into NPCs is unknown. We combined a genetic strategy in @entity375 with Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP) technology to identify mutants in @entity11408 structure, assembly, and localization. To identify such mutants, a bank of temperature sensitive strains was generated and examined by fluorescence microscopy for mislocalization of GFP-tagged nups at the non-permissive temperature. RESULTS: A total of 121 mutant strains were isolated, with most showing GFP- @entity70652 and @entity70653 -GFP mislocalized to discrete, cytoplasmic foci. By electron microscopy, several mutants also displayed an expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Complementation analysis identified several mutant groups with defects in components required for ER/Golgi trafficking ( @entity53832 , @entity27886 , @entity70654 , and @entity37740 ). By directed testing, we found that mutant alleles of all COPII components resulted in altered GFP-Nup localization. Finally, at least nine unknown complementation groups were identified that lack secretion defects. CONCLUSION: The isolation of sec mutants in the screen could reflect a direct role for vesicle fusion or the COPII coat during @entity11408 assembly; however, only those sec mutants that altered ER structure affected Nup localization. This suggests that the GFP-Nup mislocalization phenotypes observed in these mutants were the indirect result of overproliferation of the ER and connected outer nuclear envelope. The identification of potentially novel mutants with no secretory defects suggests the distinct GFP-Nup localization defects in other mutants in the collection will provide insights into @entity11408 structure and assembly.

title: Isolation and characterization of new XXXX mutants perturbed in nuclear pore complex assembly.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To search a sensitive parameter for the early diagnosis of @entity725 ( @entity725 ). METHOD: A system of computerized image analysis was used to acquire images of the optic nerve head of @entity1 with @entity725 , @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) and of normal @entity1 . Each of these groups contained 31 eyes of 31 cases. The mean relative depths of disc rim and cup at different areas in the optic nerve head were measured. All these @entity1 were followed up for four to six months, and the changes of the mean depths of every sector were compared between each pair of the three groups with statistic analysis. RESULTS: The mean depth of the neural rim and cup of each sector and that of total rim and total cup of @entity725 and @entity2790 @entity1 were all deeper than that of normal controls. The mean depths of neural rim of the superior sector, inferior sector and the total rim area of @entity725 were deeper than that of @entity2790 @entity1 . Compared to their first measurements, the changes of mean depths of neural rim of superior sector and total neural rim area of @entity725 @entity1 were more prominent than that of normal controls and @entity2790 . We also compared the relative depth of the total rim area in the different areas in the optic nerve head with other two dimensional optic disc parameters such as cup/disc ratio, etc. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that three-dimensional stereoscopic measurement of the surface of optic nerve head and follow-up be of paramount importance in the early diagnosis of @entity725 @entity1 .

title: [Topographic stereoscopic measurements of optic disc in early XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['SG', 'suspect glaucoma']

answer: @entity725 :: (MESH:C562750,Disease) :: ['primary open angle glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To gather information about demographic characteristics, medical status, mode of Internet participation, and psychological well-being of @entity1 whose only outlets (OOs) for talking about @entity249 are Internet medical and support forums and to compare them with @entity1 who have additional outlets (AOs). DESIGN: Prospective Internet-based survey. SETTING: Website of a nonprofit international @entity249 organization. @entity1 (S): Five hundred eighty-nine @entity1 submitting fully completed surveys. INTERVENTION(S): Internet-based survey with 134 items. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Survey of types of Internet participation, benefits of participation, self-assessed ability to cope with aspects of @entity249 , perceived stress, perceived support from relatives and friends, and 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which is an instrument designed to measure depressive symptomatology. RESULT(S): Only-outlet and AO @entity1 were comparable in their medical history and treatments. Only-outlet @entity1 had less formal education, were less wealthy, and more likely to be homemakers. Compared with AO @entity1 , OO @entity1 were more depressed and got less real-world support while feeling more supported on the Internet. CONCLUSION(S): Used properly, the Internet can help @entity1 facing @entity249 by educating, empowering, and diminishing their feelings of @entity308 . But the Internet can also be used inappropriately to withdraw from real-world interactions.

title: Use of the internet as the only outlet for talking about XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons', 'people', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: A novel in-situ electrochemical oxidation method was applied to the degradation of wastewater containing @entity16647 . Under @entity26 sparging, the strong oxidant, @entity9049 , could be in-situ generated through the reduction of @entity26 on the surface of the cathode. The removal rate of @entity16647 could be increased 149% when @entity26 was induced in the electrochemical cell. The promotion factor was estimated to be about 82.63% according to the pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant (min(-1)). Important operating parameters such as current density, sparged @entity26 rate investigated. Higher sparged @entity26 rate could improve the degradation of @entity16647 . To make full use of @entity26 , however, sparged @entity26 rate of 0.05 m(3)/h was adopted in this work. Oxidation-reduction potential could remarkably affect the generation of @entity273 . It was found that the removal rate of @entity16647 was not in direct proportion to the applied current density. The optimum current density was 3.5 mA/cm(2) when initial @entity16647 concentration was 100 mg/L and sparged @entity26 rate was 0.05 m(3)/h.

title: Degradation of XXXX by in-situ electrochemically generated oxidant.

entities_list: @entity16647 :: ('CHEBI:38857', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9049 :: ('CHEBI:25935', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen dioxide']

answer: @entity16647 :: (CHEBI:38857,Chemical) :: ['chlorophenol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3909 ( @entity3909 ) rarely occurs as the first evidence of a @entity5 . In such cases cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid is crucial to the diagnosis. The most frequent primary MCs are lung and @entity0 . @entity3909 from a @entity1086 is uncommon. CASE: A 58-year-old @entity1 presented with paroxysmal headaches, @entity410 and @entity772 . Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed @entity189 cells and a low protein concentration. Only postmortem examination discovered @entity420 to be the source of the @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION: A case with the onset of @entity3909 secondary to rare mucinous @entity420 is presented. Cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid was the only examination that uncovered @entity5 . Nine similar cases were found in the literature. Low cerebrospinal fluid protein seems to be of diagnostic value.

title: XXXX cells in cerebrospinal fluid as the first manifestation of a @entity5 . A case report.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['Meningeal carcinomatosis', 'MC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder', 'gallbladder adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['Gallbladder carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3909 ( @entity3909 ) rarely occurs as the first evidence of a @entity5 . In such cases cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid is crucial to the diagnosis. The most frequent primary MCs are lung and @entity0 . @entity3909 from a @entity1086 is uncommon. CASE: A 58-year-old @entity1 presented with paroxysmal headaches, @entity410 and @entity772 . Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed @entity189 cells and a low protein concentration. Only postmortem examination discovered @entity420 to be the source of the @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION: A case with the onset of @entity3909 secondary to rare mucinous @entity420 is presented. Cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid was the only examination that uncovered @entity5 . Nine similar cases were found in the literature. Low cerebrospinal fluid protein seems to be of diagnostic value.

title: @entity1086 cells in cerebrospinal fluid as the first manifestation of a XXXX . A case report.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Prophylactic campaign against @entity0 wide spread by Regional Center of Oncology made significant influx of @entity1 coming to our place and presenting less advanced stages of the mentioned disease. AIM: The aim of this work was estimate of BCT treatment standard for invasivum @entity5 and preinvasivunm @entity0 treatment standard which was adapted in RCO. MATERIALS AND METHOD: @entity1 presenting unifocal @entity3 smaller than 2 cm, stage No, where the minimal margin of more than 1 cm was possible to perform, were qualified to BCT. Minimal surgical border during tumorectomy was 1 cm. We were excluded @entity1 with @entity189 lobulare and @entity189 mucinosum. During qualification to DCIS treatment standard first we must exclusion multifocalis cases based on Anderson classification and Falun consens. In the other cases we based on Van Nuys Prognostic Index (VNPI) considering the @entity1 's age. We have 3 forms of treatment: simplex mastectomy, tumorectomy and tumorectomy with RTG-therapy. To BCT standard were qualified 52 @entity1 . Schematically was attended 45 @entity1 . We had 5 @entity1 which was attended based on preinvasivum @entity0 treatment standard. RESULTS: The size of @entity0 at the @entity1 which was attended based on BCT standard was 0,5-2 cm. 3 @entity1 was disqualified from BCT because we found second @entity0 focus in histopathological material. We must widen surgical @entity8668 in 5 cases. Among 5 @entity1 with preinvasivum @entity5 was 3 simplex mastectomy and 2 cases tumorectomy with RTG-therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In our opinion BCT treatment standard and breast preinvasivum @entity5 treatment standard should be using only in high specialty oncological center. It is a guaranty of right qualification and treatment for @entity0 @entity1 .

title: [Evaluation of breast conserving therapy (BCT) standards for invasive and preinvasive XXXX adapted in RCO in Bydgoszcz].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'peoples']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer tumor']

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['border post tumorectomy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The McMaster Health Utilities Indexes @entity26646 (HUI2) and 3 (HUI3) are multiattribute health classification systems, for which multiattribute preference functions have been developed in Canada. They provide a comprehensive instrument for use in economic evaluations and population health survey studies. This paper reports on the first results on the adaptation of the HUI2 and HUI3 systems cross-culturally and the assessment of the validity and reliability of the French self-report questionnaire in different @entity1 populations. The cross-cultural adaptation included translation, backtranslations, an expert consensus meeting and pre-test with a few @entity1 and healthy subjects in order to produce a conceptually equivalent French version of the 15 question self-report questionnaire and the HUI2 and HUI3 classification systems. Different groups of @entity1 attending specialized clinics (n = 709) completed the questionnaire and another generic questionnaire (the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP)) for validity assessment. Physicians and @entity1 were also asked for a global subjective assessment of the @entity1 's health status. The French questionnaire was well received by the @entity1 . The criterion and convergent validities of both classification systems (correlations with the @entity1 ' and physicians' assessments and with the responses to the SIP questionnaire) were satisfactory. The internal consistency was acceptable too (Cronbach's alpha = 0.81), as was the 3 day test-retest reproducibility. These first results authorize careful use of the 15 question self-report questionnaire in French. An assessment of the multiattribute preference function for the HUI3 system in France will be the study's next objective.

title: French cross-cultural adaptation of the Health Utilities Indexes XXXX (HUI2) and 3 (HUI3) classification systems. Clinical and Economic Working Groups.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity26646 :: (2011,Gene) :: ['Mark 2']


abstract: To receive an overview of the presently used methods for the operative treatment of @entity174 of the proximal humerus a prospective controlled multicenter study was arranged. 146 @entity174 from 145 @entity1 (76 females, 69 @entity1 ) were assessed, documented with the AO standard sheets and radiographs and with a one year follow-up examination. Each of the nine clinics used his own treatment scheme. They applied: K-wires (27%) for adaptation and for intramedullary fixation; tension band wires (16%) or sutures (11%) alone or in combination with K-wires; osteosynthesis with screws alone (7%) or with plates (22%). In 17% the humeral-head was acutely replaced with a prosthesis. 11 @entity174 (8%) had to be reoperated because of instability or loss of fixation. 109 @entity1 were available for clinical review, one @entity1 could be questioned by letter and six @entity1 had died after one year (follow-up 80%). In 38% of @entity1 full limb function was restored, @entity73 persisted in 45% and 17% remained severely handicapped. 96 @entity174 (89%) were consolidated, 30% with a deformity. 35% of @entity1 still were unable to work full time. The treatment of @entity174 of the proximal humerus is generally difficult. More over the various operative methods and problematic fracture classification make a differentiate statistical analysis impossible. Still many questions remain. For answers a new trial is mandatory. For this future series fixed guidelines for indications and operative treatment modalities are required to allow a meaningful comparison of results and a scoring system for evaluation of functional outcome is necessary.

title: [Surgical treatment of proximal humerus XXXX --international multicenter study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slight impairment']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: @entity2918 are locally acting hormones that have remarkable variety of physiological functions. They are rapidly synthesized in several types of vertebrate cells as oxygenated metabolites of @entity1426 in response to various stimuli. In many insect species they are biosynthesized in fat body and hemocytes mainly in response to @entity2348 . In the present study, we administered synthetic analog of @entity3774 , the most prominent of the @entity2918 to the 48 h old fifth instar @entity12638 , @entity12638 L. at a single dose of 4 microg per larva to study its effects on the larval growth pattern and silk synthesis. The possible role of PGF2alpha at altering the quantum of silk synthesis by controlling the silk gene expression was also studied. The genomic DNA was isolated from the posterior silk gland on Days 5 and 7 of the fifth instar from the @entity3009 treated and the control larvae and were random amplified with arbitrary primers. The result presented notable variation in the amplified product suggesting the participation of PGF2alpha in the silk biosynthesis controlling the silk gene expression. The feeding period of treated larvae was unaffected while the cocoon characters exhibited considerable improvement. The filament traits also were improved notably in the treated larvae. The participation of PGF2alpha analog in the silk biosynthetic process with its physiological and molecular implications are discussed.

title: Exogenous @entity3774 as a mediator in the regulation of XXXX growth and silk gland genome.

entities_list: @entity12638 :: ('7091', 'Species') :: ['Bombyx mori', 'silkworm']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins', 'Prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']

answer: @entity12638 :: (7091,Species) :: ['silkworm']


abstract: @entity2918 are locally acting hormones that have remarkable variety of physiological functions. They are rapidly synthesized in several types of vertebrate cells as oxygenated metabolites of @entity1426 in response to various stimuli. In many insect species they are biosynthesized in fat body and hemocytes mainly in response to @entity2348 . In the present study, we administered synthetic analog of @entity3774 , the most prominent of the @entity2918 to the 48 h old fifth instar @entity12638 , @entity12638 L. at a single dose of 4 microg per larva to study its effects on the larval growth pattern and silk synthesis. The possible role of PGF2alpha at altering the quantum of silk synthesis by controlling the silk gene expression was also studied. The genomic DNA was isolated from the posterior silk gland on Days 5 and 7 of the fifth instar from the @entity3009 treated and the control larvae and were random amplified with arbitrary primers. The result presented notable variation in the amplified product suggesting the participation of PGF2alpha in the silk biosynthesis controlling the silk gene expression. The feeding period of treated larvae was unaffected while the cocoon characters exhibited considerable improvement. The filament traits also were improved notably in the treated larvae. The participation of PGF2alpha analog in the silk biosynthetic process with its physiological and molecular implications are discussed.

title: Exogenous XXXX as a mediator in the regulation of @entity12638 growth and silk gland genome.

answer: @entity3774 :: (MESH:D015237,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']