abstract: To demonstrate a relationship between diarrheal incidence and the onset of @entity4988 developing as a result of acute @entity7493 and severe catabolism, we initially studied two @entity1 who had developed severe @entity4988 (less than 2.5 g/dl) and @entity294 on a variety of enteral diets. Each @entity1 was placed on a peptide enteral formula at a rate of infusion equivalent to that used during the previous 24 h. Diarrheal volumes decreased significantly from greater than 1500 to less than 100 ml/day and from greater than 4000 to 800 ml/day. We subsequently studied 12 @entity1 in a randomized, prospective fashion to confirm our previous observations. Seven @entity1 received a peptide enteral formula, and five received a standard isotonic enteral formula as a control. The @entity1 were monitored for a minimum of 2 wk or until serum @entity2313 levels reached 3 g/dl. Nutritional variables were measured initially and every 4 days for the duration of the study. Of the @entity1 receiving the isotonic feeding, only one of five completed the study period without @entity294 . Two @entity1 died unrelated to the feeding, and three @entity1 developed severe @entity294 within 48 h of institution of the study. Of the seven @entity1 receiving the peptide feeding, six completed the study period without @entity294 . One @entity1 had a large stool volume initially which decreased by day 2 of the study. We conclude that a peptide enteral formula is well tolerated in @entity1 with severe @entity4988 when compared to a standard isotonic enteral formula. The ability to provide enteral nutrition in a form that is well tolerated in @entity4988 @entity1 may obviate the need for parenteral nutrition routinely in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX associated with severe @entity4988 : a comparison of a peptide-based chemically defined diet and standard enteral alimentation.

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-calorie malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['Diarrhea']


abstract: To demonstrate a relationship between diarrheal incidence and the onset of @entity4988 developing as a result of acute @entity7493 and severe catabolism, we initially studied two @entity1 who had developed severe @entity4988 (less than 2.5 g/dl) and @entity294 on a variety of enteral diets. Each @entity1 was placed on a peptide enteral formula at a rate of infusion equivalent to that used during the previous 24 h. Diarrheal volumes decreased significantly from greater than 1500 to less than 100 ml/day and from greater than 4000 to 800 ml/day. We subsequently studied 12 @entity1 in a randomized, prospective fashion to confirm our previous observations. Seven @entity1 received a peptide enteral formula, and five received a standard isotonic enteral formula as a control. The @entity1 were monitored for a minimum of 2 wk or until serum @entity2313 levels reached 3 g/dl. Nutritional variables were measured initially and every 4 days for the duration of the study. Of the @entity1 receiving the isotonic feeding, only one of five completed the study period without @entity294 . Two @entity1 died unrelated to the feeding, and three @entity1 developed severe @entity294 within 48 h of institution of the study. Of the seven @entity1 receiving the peptide feeding, six completed the study period without @entity294 . One @entity1 had a large stool volume initially which decreased by day 2 of the study. We conclude that a peptide enteral formula is well tolerated in @entity1 with severe @entity4988 when compared to a standard isotonic enteral formula. The ability to provide enteral nutrition in a form that is well tolerated in @entity4988 @entity1 may obviate the need for parenteral nutrition routinely in these @entity1 .

title: @entity294 associated with severe XXXX : a comparison of a peptide-based chemically defined diet and standard enteral alimentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity4988 :: (MESH:D034141,Disease) :: ['hypoalbuminemia']


abstract: The authors report on their experience with endoscopic treatment of @entity2877 . Out of a total of 363 successful procedures of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPS), @entity2877 was the indication for EPS in 270 @entity1 (74.4%). Most often, EPS and extraction were performed in @entity1 after cholecystectomy (79.6%) and those with @entity2877 and an in situ gallbladder, but free of stones (13.4%). In @entity1 with concomitant @entity9975 , EPS was carried out only in those cases in which surgery was contraindicated. EPS was performed in four cases of @entity656 . Removal of stones from the choledochus was successful in 95.5%. Of the total of 363 successful EPS's, complications were observed in 17 cases (4.7%), with a mortality of 1.1% (4 deaths). Most frequently, the causes included @entity548 (1.9%) and perforation (1.1%). Of other complications, the authors noted acute @entity788 , acute @entity255 and @entity5990 in the hepatocholedochus in two cases each. The complications required emergency surgery in six @entity1 (35.3%).

title: Endoscopic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity9975 :: ('MESH:D041761', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute biliary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['impaction of stone']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['choledocholithiasis']


abstract: The tendency of a @entity35 to approach the wall of an open-field and to travel along the perimeter of the field (termed as "peritaxis" or "wall-facing") is affected by unilateral removal of the vibrissae. Peritaxis is lateralized by hemivibrissotomy. The finding that the @entity935 agonist @entity3826 reversed the direction of wall-facing asymmetry after 10 days of vibrissae removal suggested a link between this sensorimotor asymmetry and @entity935 transmission. The present experiment examined the influence of a unilateral injection of @entity2955 into the substantia nigra on peritaxis and compared this behavioral measure with turning behavior as an index of lesion-induced sensorimotor asymmetries and of recovery of function. The lesion of the substantia nigra reduced wall-facing with the side contralateral to the lesion to near-zero values. During the first week after the injection animals with incomplete @entity935 depletion recovered from this asymmetry. The changes in wall-facing behavior were paralleled by turning asymmetries. Wall-facing was at least as sensitive to application of @entity4944 and @entity3826 as turning behavior. We concluded that lateralized wall-facing, or peritaxis, can serve as a useful index of dysfunction in the nigrostriatal @entity935 system and the influence of catecholaminergic drugs. Wall-facing can also serve as a measure of recovery of function.

title: Lateralized wall-facing versus turning as measures of behavioral asymmetries and recovery of function after injection of XXXX into the substantia nigra.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity2955 :: (MESH:D016627,Chemical) :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']


abstract: The major isotype of parvalbumin has been isolated from the skeletal muscle of the toad, @entity27917 . Unlike the skeletal muscle of every frog so far examined (Rana esculenta, Rana temporaria, and Rana catesbeiana), which contains two major isotypes of parvalbumins, toad skeletal muscle has been shown to contain only one isotype, but the content of parvalbumin in toad skeletal muscle was similar to the sum of those of the two isotypes in skeletal muscles of frogs. This feature of toad skeletal muscle is advantageous to clarify the physiological role of parvalbumin. The relative molecular mass of toad parvalbumin was estimated to be 12,200 by @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point was determined to be 4.81 by @entity2975 gel isoelectric focusing. The @entity535 composition indicated that toad parvalbumin corresponds to bullfrog (R. catesbeiana) pI 4.97 parvalbumin, showing that toad parvalbumin is genetically an alpha-parvalbumin. It was also revealed by the @entity535 composition that toad parvalbumin is distinctly different from any of the parvalbumins from frogs. The ultraviolet spectrum of toad parvalbumin is consistent with its @entity535 composition. The ultraviolet difference spectrum of the @entity141 -loaded form vs. the metal-free form indicates that some @entity815 residues in the toad parvalbumin molecule are affected by a conformational change associated with @entity141 binding. On electrophoresis in @entity2975 gel in 14 mM Tris and 90 mM @entity2228 , the metal-free and @entity1025 -loaded forms of toad parvalbumin migrated twice as fast as the @entity141 -loaded form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Preparation and characterization of the major isotype of parvalbumin from skeletal muscle of the toad ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity27917 :: ('8387', 'Species') :: ['Bufo bufo japonicus']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity27917 :: (8387,Species) :: ['Bufo bufo japonicus']


abstract: Sequence comparisons were made for up to 667 bp of DNA cloned from 14 kinds of Hawaiian @entity238 and five other dipteran species. These sequences include parts of the genes for @entity2125 dehydrogenase (subunits 1, 2, and 5) and rRNA (from the large ribosomal subunit). Because the times of divergence among these species are known approximately, the sequence comparisons give insight into the evolutionary dynamics of this molecule. Transitions account for nearly all of the differences between sequences that have diverged by less than 2%: for these sequences the mean rate of divergence appears to be about 2%/ @entity17054 . In comparisons involving greater divergence times and greater sequence divergence, relatively more of the sequence differences are due to transversions. Specifically, the fraction of these differences that are counted as transversions rises from an initial value of less than 0.1 to a plateau value of nearly 0.6. The time required to reach half of the plateau value, about 10 Myr, is similar to that for @entity1 mtDNA. The mtDNAs of flies and mammals are also alike in the shape of the curve relating the percentage of positions at which there are differences in protein-coding regions to the time of divergence. For both groups of animals, the curve has a steep initial slope ascribable to fast accumulation of synonymous substitutions and a shallow final slope resulting from the slow accumulation of substitutions causing @entity535 replacements. However, the percentage of all sites that can experience a high rate of substitution appears to be only about 8% for @entity238 mtDNA compared to about 20% for @entity1 mtDNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tempo and mode of sequence evolution in mitochondrial DNA of Hawaiian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['fly', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: Serum inhibin levels were measured by RIA twice weekly for 4 weeks in 5 @entity1 with the @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ). These were compared to those in 10 @entity1 with normal menstrual cycles. Serum inhibin levels were similar in the 5 @entity3610 @entity1 (mean, 199; range, 126-266 U/L) and were not significantly different from those in the normal @entity1 during the early follicular phase (227; 100-485 U/L) or midfollicular phase (243; 143-412 U/L) of their cycles. Inhibin levels were higher (P less than 0.001) in the late follicular phase (408; 227-732 U/L), at midcycle (623; 367-1058 U/L), and during the midluteal phase (1245; 898-1727 U/L) in the normal @entity1 compared to those in the @entity3610 group. Serum inhibin levels were also measured in @entity3610 (n = 8) and @entity249 (n = 14) @entity1 after the rise and subsequent diminished gonadotropin secretion that occurred during LHRH agonist administration. In both groups, serum LH and FSH increased after initiation of LHRH agonist administration; this increase was accompanied by parallel rises in serum @entity53 and inhibin before suppression ( @entity3610 @entity1 : r = 0.71; P less than 0.001; n = 108; @entity249 @entity1 : r = 0.42; P less than 0.05; n = 163). All hormone levels, including inhibin, decreased during continued LHRH administration. Five @entity3610 @entity1 underwent ovulation induction using combined LHRH agonist and @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin administration. Serum @entity53 and inhibin rose in parallel in response to exogenous gonadotropins (r = 0.92; P less than 0.001; n = 77). In conclusion, we found no evidence of a primary defect in ovarian inhibin physiology in @entity1 with @entity3610 in terms of either basal or gonadotropin-stimulated (exogenous or endogenous) secretion.

title: Serum inhibin levels in XXXX : basal levels and response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist and exogenous gonadotropin administration.

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: Incubation of nerve with @entity141 and the divalent cation ionophores @entity3365 or @entity1360 , causes a prompt vesiculation of the myelin at the paranodes and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. The vesiculation appears to be dependent upon a rise in the intracellular @entity460 concentration of the affected Schwann cells. To determine whether a similar vesiculation might occur in vivo, and to examine the long term consequences of ionophore exposure, the sciatic nerves of @entity35 and @entity19 were injected with @entity1360 and examined histologically after intervals of 1 h to 75 days. A prompt myelin vesiculation was again observed, and this spread from the paranodes and incisures to invade regions of formerly compact myelin: segmentally demyelinated axons were common 7 days post-injection. The lesions were large, and involved up to 95% of the fibres in the @entity19 . There was little evidence of either @entity39 , or @entity528 in either species. The appearance and spatio-temporal progression of the lesion was strikingly similar to that seen after the intraneural injection of @entity6579 or phospholipase A2. However, in the ionophore lesion, not all the @entity17 was effected by myelin vesiculation, for up to 30% of the affected fibres showed evidence of macrophage-mediated stripping. Macrophage stripping was confined to internodes already affected by vesiculation. Most of the myelin debris was removed by macrophages, and myelin debris was only rarely observed within Schwann cells. Remyelination was initiated in nearly all the affected fibres by 21 days, and by 2 months all affected fibres were invested with thin, new myelin sheaths. These findings may be relevant to immune-mediated @entity17 .

title: Peripheral demyelination and remyelination initiated by the @entity460 -selective ionophore XXXX : in vivo observations.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination', 'demyelination in the peripheral nervous system']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Schwann cell necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity1360 :: (MESH:D015759,Chemical) :: ['ionomycin']


abstract: Incubation of nerve with @entity141 and the divalent cation ionophores @entity3365 or @entity1360 , causes a prompt vesiculation of the myelin at the paranodes and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures. The vesiculation appears to be dependent upon a rise in the intracellular @entity460 concentration of the affected Schwann cells. To determine whether a similar vesiculation might occur in vivo, and to examine the long term consequences of ionophore exposure, the sciatic nerves of @entity35 and @entity19 were injected with @entity1360 and examined histologically after intervals of 1 h to 75 days. A prompt myelin vesiculation was again observed, and this spread from the paranodes and incisures to invade regions of formerly compact myelin: segmentally demyelinated axons were common 7 days post-injection. The lesions were large, and involved up to 95% of the fibres in the @entity19 . There was little evidence of either @entity39 , or @entity528 in either species. The appearance and spatio-temporal progression of the lesion was strikingly similar to that seen after the intraneural injection of @entity6579 or phospholipase A2. However, in the ionophore lesion, not all the @entity17 was effected by myelin vesiculation, for up to 30% of the affected fibres showed evidence of macrophage-mediated stripping. Macrophage stripping was confined to internodes already affected by vesiculation. Most of the myelin debris was removed by macrophages, and myelin debris was only rarely observed within Schwann cells. Remyelination was initiated in nearly all the affected fibres by 21 days, and by 2 months all affected fibres were invested with thin, new myelin sheaths. These findings may be relevant to immune-mediated @entity17 .

title: Peripheral demyelination and remyelination initiated by the XXXX -selective ionophore @entity1360 : in vivo observations.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Clinical and statistical investigations were performed on 157 @entity1 with @entity263 in the Third Teaching Hospital, Normal Bethune University experienced between January, 1950 and June, 1986. The number of @entity1 with @entity263 among other hospitalized @entity1 showed a recent gradual increase. The @entity1 's age at the time the disease was first diagnosed was most frequently between 60 and 69 years old with an average age of 63.3 years. Dysuria was the most prominent symptom, followed by frequency, retention and macroscopic @entity811 . Duration between initial symptom and diagnosis was one to two years in most @entity1 . The @entity4623 could be detected by rectal examination in all @entity1 . Elevation of serum acid phosphatase was found in 24.4%. Such elevation was evident in 52.2% of the @entity1 with metastatic lesions, compared to 14.4% of those without @entity3 . Fourteen @entity1 had @entity3 to bone (8.9%), 13 to lymph nodes, 2 to lung and one to liver. According to the staging diagnosis, 19 @entity1 (12.1%) had stage A, 78 @entity1 (49.7%) had stage B, 20 @entity1 (12.7%) had stage C and 40 @entity1 (25.5%) had stage D @entity189 . Histological findings in 57 @entity1 indicated @entity420 ; 39 cases (68.4%) were poorly differentiated, 12 cases (21.2%) were moderately differentiated and 6 cases (10.5%) were well differentiated. Modality of treatment was total prostatectomy in 2 cases (1.3%), antiandrogen therapy (orchiectomy and/or @entity4742 ) in 122 cases (77.7%), subcapsular prostatectomy in 7 cases (4.5%), symptomatic treatment in 5 cases and no treatment in 23 cases (14.6%).

title: [Clinical investigation of XXXX in the Third Teaching Hospital of Norman Bethune University of Medical Sciences].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['Stilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to clarify the proliferation and apoptosis of parenchymal cells during regeneration of @entity35 submandibular glands following @entity194 . METHODS: Atrophy of the right submandibular gland of @entity35 was induced by excretory duct ligation at the hilum with metal clips, which were removed 1 week (day 0) after ligation. The right submandibular glands were collected from 0 to 14 days after removal of the clips and investigated using immunohistochemistry for @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) as a marker of proliferating cells, @entity12809 ( @entity12809 )-mediated @entity1977 -digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) as a marker of apoptotic cells, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: After 1 week of ligation, there were many remaining ducts and a few acini in the @entity3202 . At day 3 after discontinuing the ligation, newly formed acini appeared and thereafter increased in number and maturity. Many residual and newly formed acinar cells showed positive reaction to @entity1975 especially at days 4 and 5. The @entity1975 -positive duct cells decreased in number with the regeneration. A few TUNEL-positive acinar and duct cells were identified during regeneration. Mitosis and apoptosis of parenchymal cells were also identified by TEM. CONCLUSIONS: During regeneration of the submandibular gland after @entity194 , both residual and newly formed acinar cells proliferate actively. There is also apoptosis of parenchymal cells; however, the significance of apoptosis is low.

title: Cell death and cell proliferation in the regeneration of atrophied XXXX submandibular glands after duct ligation.

entities_list: @entity12809 :: ('294051(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase', 'TdT']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic glands']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity242 is a rare @entity361 . Recently, a more @entity146 , so-called "proximal type" @entity242 has been described. CLINICAL CASE: A 40-year-old- @entity1 presented with 5 x 4 cm, erythematous, indurated, non-movable, painful mass on the pubic area. Histopathology demonstrated @entity5 -cell infiltration into the subcutaneous and fascia, which was consisted of prominent epithelioid cells and scattered rhabdoid cells. A multinodular growth pattern or granulomatous appearance with central @entity39 was not observed. The @entity5 cells showed positive reactions for @entity2277 , cytokeratin ( @entity1325 / @entity1326 ), and @entity2280 . Despite the surgery, left inguinal mass with @entity3329 occurred one month later. We also carried out comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) with @entity5 cells. CGH revealed @entity1017 of 5q32-qter, 12q24-qter, and 22q. CONCLUSION: We report a case of proximal-type of @entity242 , which showed the chromosomal gains of 5q32-qter, 12q24-qter, and 22q by CGH.

title: XXXX : case report and result of comparative genomic hybridization.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['epithelioid sarcoma', 'Epithelioid sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'diffuse tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal gain']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal neoplasm']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma']


abstract: @entity348 ( @entity348 ) is characterized by: i). the en bloc resection of the uterus, proximal vagina, and mesometrium as a developmentally defined entity; ii). transection of the rectouterine dense subperitoneal connective tissue above the level of the exposed inferior hypogastric plexus; and iii). extended pelvic/periaortic lymph node dissection preserving the superior hypogastric plexus. Since July 1998 we have studied prospectively the outcome in @entity1 treated with @entity348 for cervical @entity189 FIGO stages IB, IIA, and selected IIB. By July 2002, 71 @entity1 with @entity5 stages pT1b1 (n = 48), pT1b2 (n = 8), pT2a (n = 3), pT2b (n = 12) had undergone @entity348 without adjuvant radiation. Fifty-four percent of the @entity1 exhibited histopathologic high risk factors. At a median observation period of 30 months (9-57 months) two @entity1 relapsed locally, two @entity1 developed pelvic and distant recurrences and two @entity1 only distant recurrences. Three @entity1 died from their disease. Grade 1 and 2 complications occurred in 20 @entity1 , no @entity1 had grade 3 or 4 complications. No severe long-term impairment of pelvic visceral functions related to @entity66 was detected. Based on these preliminary results, we believe @entity348 achieves a promising therapeutic index by providing a high probability of locoregional control at minimal short and long-term morbidity.

title: XXXX : high resolution nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy based on developmentally defined surgical anatomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TMMR', 'Total mesometrial resection']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['Total mesometrial resection']


abstract: Sigmoidal mean arterial pressure (MAP)-heart rate (HR) curves were obtained in two genetically related strains of @entity95 (groups I and II). We examined vagal (V) and sympathetic (S) effects on HR using perivascular cuffs and vasoactive drugs to alter MAP, and we studied the effects of intravenous @entity1510 , which affected only I. With the cuff method, both V and S components of gain were much greater in I than in II, and @entity1510 greatly reduced the difference. With the drug method, gain was similar in I and II and unaffected by @entity1510 . With both methods, the V component of HR range between plateaus was greater in I than in II because of more pronounced @entity1168 at the lower plateau; @entity1510 eliminated the latter difference when the reflex was drug induced but not when it was cuff induced. The S component of HR range was similar in I and II; with both methods, the @entity591 plateau was reduced by @entity1510 . The cuff method alters cardiac load more than the drug method, leading to engagement of different groups of afferents for a given change in MAP (delta MAP). We have derived an input-output model, which suggests that with the drug method, gain is almost entirely determined by the input from the arterial baroreceptors, accounting for the minimal difference between I and II. With the cuff method, gain is determined by a nonlinear interaction involving the arterial and nonarterial baroreceptors, which accentuates the response. The opiate mechanism is associated with the nonarterial baroreceptor input and has amplifying properties, which account for the difference in gain between I and II. The two methods and @entity1510 provide a novel way of differentiating the effector patterns of the reflex; @entity1510 serves as a marker of activity in a particular pathway.

title: Differentiation of cardiac baroreflex properties by cuff and drug methods in two XXXX strains.

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity30 are at high risk for recurrent disease and often undergo multiple operations. Our aims were to evaluate surgical management and outcome of @entity1 with @entity30 who develop @entity5277 ( @entity5277 ) and to identify factors leading to this complication. We reviewed the records of 170 adult @entity1 with @entity5277 evaluated over a 20-year period. Thirty (18%) had @entity30 . @entity5277 was defined as an intestinal remnant less than 180 cm with associated malabsorption. There were 20 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ranging in age from 18 to 62 years. Eighteen (60%) presented initially with @entity66 , seven (23%) with @entity1049 , and five (17%) with small intestinal disease. The interval from initial diagnosis to development of @entity5277 ranged from 2 to 32 years, with 21 @entity1 (71%) having an interval greater than 15 years. The number of resections leading to @entity5277 varied from 2 to 12 with 24 @entity1 (80%) having four or fewer resections. Nineteen @entity1 (63%) had an ostomy. Small intestinal remnant length was less than 60 cm in 10 @entity1 , 60 to 120 cm in six @entity1 , and greater than 120 cm in 14 @entity1 . Only one @entity1 underwent stricturoplasty before developing @entity5277 . Five @entity1 were initially diagnosed as having @entity31 and underwent a pouch procedure, which was subsequently resected. Twenty @entity1 (67%) required parenteral nutrition. Three @entity1 have undergone reversed intestinal segment to slow intestinal transit. Two @entity1 underwent intestinal transplantation. Two @entity1 have died: one from parenteral nutrition-related @entity1578 and the other after intestinal transplantation. @entity30 remains a common cause of @entity5277 . Aggressive resectional therapy, surgical complications, and errors in initial diagnosis contribute to development of @entity5277 in these @entity1 . Selected @entity1 are candidates for surgical therapy for @entity5277 .

title: @entity5277 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolonic disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['SBS', 'short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity30 are at high risk for recurrent disease and often undergo multiple operations. Our aims were to evaluate surgical management and outcome of @entity1 with @entity30 who develop @entity5277 ( @entity5277 ) and to identify factors leading to this complication. We reviewed the records of 170 adult @entity1 with @entity5277 evaluated over a 20-year period. Thirty (18%) had @entity30 . @entity5277 was defined as an intestinal remnant less than 180 cm with associated malabsorption. There were 20 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ranging in age from 18 to 62 years. Eighteen (60%) presented initially with @entity66 , seven (23%) with @entity1049 , and five (17%) with small intestinal disease. The interval from initial diagnosis to development of @entity5277 ranged from 2 to 32 years, with 21 @entity1 (71%) having an interval greater than 15 years. The number of resections leading to @entity5277 varied from 2 to 12 with 24 @entity1 (80%) having four or fewer resections. Nineteen @entity1 (63%) had an ostomy. Small intestinal remnant length was less than 60 cm in 10 @entity1 , 60 to 120 cm in six @entity1 , and greater than 120 cm in 14 @entity1 . Only one @entity1 underwent stricturoplasty before developing @entity5277 . Five @entity1 were initially diagnosed as having @entity31 and underwent a pouch procedure, which was subsequently resected. Twenty @entity1 (67%) required parenteral nutrition. Three @entity1 have undergone reversed intestinal segment to slow intestinal transit. Two @entity1 underwent intestinal transplantation. Two @entity1 have died: one from parenteral nutrition-related @entity1578 and the other after intestinal transplantation. @entity30 remains a common cause of @entity5277 . Aggressive resectional therapy, surgical complications, and errors in initial diagnosis contribute to development of @entity5277 in these @entity1 . Selected @entity1 are candidates for surgical therapy for @entity5277 .

title: XXXX and @entity30 .

answer: @entity5277 :: (MESH:D012778,Disease) :: ['Short bowel syndrome']


abstract: The potential short-term arrhythmogenic role of catheter-mediated electrical ablation was studied in 61 @entity1 of mean age 44 years (range 15-80 years) who underwent this procedure for @entity3153 (36 @entity1 ) or @entity1165 ( @entity1165 , 25 @entity1 ). Continuous ECG monitoring was pursued during the 24 hours that preceded and followed ablation. Only bursts of 3 consecutive beats or more were considered significant. Recordings were performed with either a Hewlet Packard 78720 A @entity943 recorder or a Holter readout system (Oxford Medilog 2, Marquette). In 36 @entity1 with an accessory conduction pathway the 160 J were delivered at the annulus fibrosus cordis. Post-ablation recordings showed: @entity1165 bursts in 16 @entity1 (17%); the bursts disappeared in every case before 3 days; in 3 @entity1 the electrogram at the site of ablation was predominantly ventricular (p less than 0.05); frequent or subintrant attacks of reciprocal orthodromic rhythm (RR); in 3 cases RR began on simple variations of heart rate; it reflected a loss of the anterograde conduction hidden in the accessory pathway and required a second ablation; in 1 case RR initiated by @entity1165 bursts revealed the presence of a second accessory pathway; @entity591 , spontaneously resolved, in 4 @entity1 (11%). No @entity955 was recorded. In @entity1 with @entity1165 ablation was delivered in the right ventricle (160 J, 9 @entity1 ) or in the left ventricle (240 J, 16 @entity1 ). The effects of ablation could only be interpreted in 21 @entity1 who underwent 25 ablations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Incidence of short-term XXXX after endocavitary fulguration].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia bursts']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation of flutter']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate, in a series of 50 consecutive @entity1 , the feasibility, morbidity, and survival outcome of the laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for @entity2622 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity3 were operated on by laparoscopic radical hysterectomy between 1993 and 2001 at two @entity5 centers. @entity1 in a @entity558 with a @entity2622 less than 4 cm and a body mass index up to 29 were eligible. Thirty-one @entity1 had prior brachytherapy. RESULTS: The median overall operative time was 258 min. The mean number of harvested pelvic external iliac nodes was 13.22 per @entity1 . The median postoperative hospital stay was 7.5 days. Two @entity1 had major @entity1494 ; one had a @entity1494 and one a @entity1901 . The median follow-up was 44 months. The overall 5-year survival rate of FIGO stage @entity9217 and @entity3846 @entity1 was 96%. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that radical hysterectomy can be performed by laparoscopy in stage @entity3846 or less advanced node negative @entity5 @entity1 without compromising survival. Prior brachytherapy did not affect the feasibility of this radical procedure.

title: Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for XXXX : 8-year experience of a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good general condition']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder fistula', 'urinary complications']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix', 'cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive cervical cancer']


abstract: We present our clinical experience with 37 @entity1 presenting with @entity1165 who, between 1980 and 1986, underwent subendocardial resection, guided by per-operative mapping in 34 cases. An @entity439 of the left ventricle was present in 23 @entity1 (62%), and an @entity2845 area in the remaining 14 @entity1 . In every case the cause of @entity1165 was an @entity299 . Prior to surgery, the global isotopic ejection fraction was 27 +/- 11% and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 21 +/- 8 mmHg. The most common site of origin of the @entity943 was the septum (26 cases, 77%). The mean area of resection was 26 +/- 16 cm2. Resection of a @entity439 was also performed in 23 cases, and 22 @entity1 underwent coronary bypass. There were 4 early @entity204 (operative mortality rate : 10.8%) and 4 late @entity204 . The actuarial survival rate was 89 +/- 5% at 6 months and 72 +/- 9% at 24 months. One-half of the @entity204 was due to recurrence of the @entity1165 . A post-operative electrophysiological study conducted in 30 @entity1 proved negative in 28 (93%). Altogether, there were 6 immediate or late failures (16.2%) after a mean follow-up period of 18 months. The probability of a relapse-free, medication-free life or @entity944 was 86 +/- 6% after 6 months and 82 +/- 7% after 24 months. The quality of life of the survivors war remarkable, since 86% of them (25/29 @entity1 ) remained in functional class 1 or 2 after surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to report a series of infertility therapy outcomes following conservative management of @entity1869 with atypia. METHODS: A retrospective review of the University of Iowa assisted reproductive technology database was performed. All @entity1 presenting with International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) grade I uterine @entity420 with atypia were assessed for type and duration of medical management, initial, interim treatment, and preinfertility treatment endometrial biopsy (BX) findings. Assessment of infertility treatment outcomes and postinfertility endometrial biopsy findings were performed. All of the pathology samples were re-reviewed at the Gynecologic Oncology Tumor Board to confirm the diagnosis by a pathologist with a particular expertise in gynecologic pathology. RESULTS: Four infertile @entity1 , three nulligravid and one primigravid, were evaluated with the diagnosis of FIGO grade 1 @entity1869 with atypia desiring to preserve fertility. Two @entity1 with FIGO grade 1 @entity1204 were successfully treated with high-dose progestational agents resulting in normal proliferative endometrium. In addition, both @entity1 with @entity1373 with atypia were successfully treated with @entity7828 and/or ovulation induction. Successful pregnancy outcomes were achieved for three of the four @entity1 with assisted reproductive technology. A total of five successful pregnancies and eight healthy live-born @entity1 were achieved among three @entity1 . One of the four @entity1 was unable to conceive despite three cycles of in vitro fertilization. Hysterectomy was performed for recurrent @entity1373 with atypia. In our series, we found it can take 3-10 months (mean, 6.25 months; median, 6 months) to obtain benign endometrium preceding infertility therapy. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates that conservative management of well-differentiated @entity1869 with atypia followed by aggressive assisted reproduction is an option to highly motivated and carefully selected @entity1 .

title: Implementation of assisted reproductive technologies following conservative management of FIGO grade I XXXX with atypia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['complex hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma and/or complex hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma and/or complex hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1869 :: (MESH:D004714,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma and/or complex hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to identify demographic, clinical, and provider characteristics that might influence @entity5 survival in a cohort of Northern California @entity1 using a population-based @entity5 registry. METHODS: We used California @entity5 Registry data to evaluate survival in 1051 Northern California @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity43 between 1994 and 1996 and underwent a surgical procedure for their @entity5 . Chemotherapy data from the @entity5 registry were supplemented with a physician survey and medical record review. Database linkages with census and hospital discharge data provided socioeconomic and comorbidity measures. Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate survival curves and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effect of different factors on survival. RESULTS: Crude 5-year survival was 82, 57, 28, and 10% for @entity1 with FIGO stage IC, II, III, and IV disease, respectively. Adverse survival was most strongly influenced by advanced stages III and IV with a hazards ratio ranging from 8 to 11.8 compared to stage @entity66 . Multivariate analysis also identified other adverse factors including high grade and other adverse histologies, age over 45, and rural location. Chemotherapy decreased the risk of @entity204 by 50% if the @entity1 had @entity5 . Medical comorbidity increased the risk of @entity204 by 40%. Survival was not influenced by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, physician specialty, or hospital characteristics. CONCLUSION: Advanced age remains an adverse prognostic factor even after adjustment for treatment and comorbidity factors. These results also suggest that there may be important regional differences in @entity43 survival.

title: Survival of Californian @entity1 with XXXX , 1994-1996: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['IC disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'advanced-stage disease']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to identify demographic, clinical, and provider characteristics that might influence @entity5 survival in a cohort of Northern California @entity1 using a population-based @entity5 registry. METHODS: We used California @entity5 Registry data to evaluate survival in 1051 Northern California @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity43 between 1994 and 1996 and underwent a surgical procedure for their @entity5 . Chemotherapy data from the @entity5 registry were supplemented with a physician survey and medical record review. Database linkages with census and hospital discharge data provided socioeconomic and comorbidity measures. Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate survival curves and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effect of different factors on survival. RESULTS: Crude 5-year survival was 82, 57, 28, and 10% for @entity1 with FIGO stage IC, II, III, and IV disease, respectively. Adverse survival was most strongly influenced by advanced stages III and IV with a hazards ratio ranging from 8 to 11.8 compared to stage @entity66 . Multivariate analysis also identified other adverse factors including high grade and other adverse histologies, age over 45, and rural location. Chemotherapy decreased the risk of @entity204 by 50% if the @entity1 had @entity5 . Medical comorbidity increased the risk of @entity204 by 40%. Survival was not influenced by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, physician specialty, or hospital characteristics. CONCLUSION: Advanced age remains an adverse prognostic factor even after adjustment for treatment and comorbidity factors. These results also suggest that there may be important regional differences in @entity43 survival.

title: Survival of Californian XXXX with @entity43 , 1994-1996: a population-based study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: When @entity4794 is associated with other @entity340 , diagnosis, prognosis and the treatment strategies are affected. @entity3454 may occur in some pathological settings that affect mitral apparatus. We investigated the incidence of @entity340 including @entity3454 that accompany @entity4794 and assessed the relation between echocardiographic measures. METHODS: Two hundred and one @entity1 (31 male, 170 female) between 16 and 72 years of age (mean age 40.9+/-11.4 years) with @entity4794 were included in the study. @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the mitral valve area obtained by echocardiography using planimetric method as Group I (MVA<1.1 cm(2)), Group II ( @entity36938 .1-1.5 cm(2)) and Group III ( @entity36938 .5 cm2). RESULTS: @entity4794 with @entity339 , @entity337 , @entity472 , combined @entity886 , @entity997 and @entity10710 were found in 117 (58.2%), 84 (41.8%), 18 (9%), 9 (4.5%), 62 (30.8%) and 6 (3%) @entity1 , respectively. Twenty- three @entity1 (11.4%) had @entity3454 in only anterior leaflet. Nobody of @entity1 had @entity3454 . Age, gender, rhythm, degree of @entity850 , degree of mitral and aortic regurgitations, mean pressure gradient, left atrial diameter, ejection fraction and valve score did not differ in @entity1 with and without @entity3454 . CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that @entity340 including @entity3454 frequently accompany @entity4794 and the incidence of @entity3454 in @entity1 with @entity4794 is high.

title: [Echocardiographic evaluation of associated XXXX in @entity4794 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity10710 :: ('MESH:D014264', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse', 'Mitral valve prolapse', 'mitral valve prolapse of posterior mitral valve leaflet']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral stenosis', 'mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve lesions']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valve lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: When @entity4794 is associated with other @entity340 , diagnosis, prognosis and the treatment strategies are affected. @entity3454 may occur in some pathological settings that affect mitral apparatus. We investigated the incidence of @entity340 including @entity3454 that accompany @entity4794 and assessed the relation between echocardiographic measures. METHODS: Two hundred and one @entity1 (31 male, 170 female) between 16 and 72 years of age (mean age 40.9+/-11.4 years) with @entity4794 were included in the study. @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the mitral valve area obtained by echocardiography using planimetric method as Group I (MVA<1.1 cm(2)), Group II ( @entity36938 .1-1.5 cm(2)) and Group III ( @entity36938 .5 cm2). RESULTS: @entity4794 with @entity339 , @entity337 , @entity472 , combined @entity886 , @entity997 and @entity10710 were found in 117 (58.2%), 84 (41.8%), 18 (9%), 9 (4.5%), 62 (30.8%) and 6 (3%) @entity1 , respectively. Twenty- three @entity1 (11.4%) had @entity3454 in only anterior leaflet. Nobody of @entity1 had @entity3454 . Age, gender, rhythm, degree of @entity850 , degree of mitral and aortic regurgitations, mean pressure gradient, left atrial diameter, ejection fraction and valve score did not differ in @entity1 with and without @entity3454 . CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that @entity340 including @entity3454 frequently accompany @entity4794 and the incidence of @entity3454 in @entity1 with @entity4794 is high.

title: [Echocardiographic evaluation of associated @entity340 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: The effect of acute physical exercise on insulin sensitivity and responsiveness of @entity413 uptake and hepatic @entity413 production was studied. Seven untrained @entity1 were subjected to four sequential euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps after rest (R), immediately after exercise (E), as well as 48 h after 60 min of 150 W ergometer exercise (ER). Insulin-mediated @entity413 uptake was higher on E and ER days compared with R days. Apparent Km decreased after exercise (52 +/- 3 R vs. 43 +/- 4 E and 40 +/- 3 ER microU/ml, means +/- SE) and Vmax increased (9.5 +/- 0.8 R vs. 10.9 +/- 0.7 E and 10.7 +/- 0.8 ER mg.min-1.kg-1). @entity413 oxidation increased with the increasing insulin infusion rate, and maximal @entity413 oxidation rate was lower on E days compared with R days. The maximal conversion rate of @entity413 to glycogen was higher on E and ER days (8.0 +/- 0.3 and 7.2 +/- 0.2, respectively) than on R days (5.7 +/- 0.6 mg.min-1 kg-1). Muscle glycogen synthase I activity was higher immediately after exercise and remained higher for the next 48 h. No change in any glucoregulatory hormone or metabolite could explain the @entity101 seen after exercise. In additional experiments (n = 3), no remaining effect existed 5 days after exercise. Both insulin and exercise suppressed the pancreatic secretion of insulin and @entity2690 . The conclusions drawn are that prolonged moderate exercise increases insulin action on @entity413 uptake in @entity1 by reducing apparent Km and increasing Vmax. This effect lasts 48 h but not 5 days. The @entity101 may be related to an exercise-induced increase in glycogen synthase activity.

title: Effect of physical exercise on sensitivity and responsiveness to insulin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin action']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathology reports have shown that @entity528 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) are equal to or greater than those in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). We hypothesized that @entity1 with @entity191 would have @entity51 that were similar to or greater than those of @entity1 with @entity195 . OBJECTIVE: To determine in vivo cortical @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) activity in healthy control subjects and in @entity1 with mild @entity195 , @entity191 , and @entity191 without @entity303 using @entity10810 positron emission tomography. SETTING: University and Veterans' Administration medical center. Design and @entity1 Group comparison design of @entity1 with @entity195 (n = 12), @entity191 (n = 14), and @entity191 without @entity303 (n = 11), and controls (n = 10) who underwent @entity10810 imaging between July 1, 2000, and January 31, 2003. @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity191 had approximately equal @entity303 severity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cerebral @entity10810 activity. RESULTS: Compared with controls, mean cortical @entity10810 activity was lowest in @entity1 with @entity191 (-20.0%), followed by @entity1 with @entity191 without @entity303 (-12.9%; P<.001). Mean cortical @entity10810 activity was relatively preserved in @entity1 with @entity195 (-9.1%), except for regionally selective involvement of the lateral temporal cortex (-15%; P<.001). CONCLUSION: Reduced cortical @entity10810 activity is more characteristic of @entity1 with @entity191 than of @entity1 with mild @entity195 .

title: Cortical cholinergic function is more severely affected in @entity191 than in XXXX : an in vivo positron emission tomographic study.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'parkinsonian dementia', 'PDem']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['cholinergic deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity10810 :: ('43', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cholinergic forebrain neuronal losses']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathology reports have shown that @entity528 in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) are equal to or greater than those in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). We hypothesized that @entity1 with @entity191 would have @entity51 that were similar to or greater than those of @entity1 with @entity195 . OBJECTIVE: To determine in vivo cortical @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) activity in healthy control subjects and in @entity1 with mild @entity195 , @entity191 , and @entity191 without @entity303 using @entity10810 positron emission tomography. SETTING: University and Veterans' Administration medical center. Design and @entity1 Group comparison design of @entity1 with @entity195 (n = 12), @entity191 (n = 14), and @entity191 without @entity303 (n = 11), and controls (n = 10) who underwent @entity10810 imaging between July 1, 2000, and January 31, 2003. @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity191 had approximately equal @entity303 severity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cerebral @entity10810 activity. RESULTS: Compared with controls, mean cortical @entity10810 activity was lowest in @entity1 with @entity191 (-20.0%), followed by @entity1 with @entity191 without @entity303 (-12.9%; P<.001). Mean cortical @entity10810 activity was relatively preserved in @entity1 with @entity195 (-9.1%), except for regionally selective involvement of the lateral temporal cortex (-15%; P<.001). CONCLUSION: Reduced cortical @entity10810 activity is more characteristic of @entity1 with @entity191 than of @entity1 with mild @entity195 .

title: Cortical cholinergic function is more severely affected in XXXX than in @entity195 : an in vivo positron emission tomographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['parkinsonian dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine safety and efficacy of monotherapy with etanercept. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. SETTING: Outpatient, ambulatory; private practice and university dermatology research centers. @entity1 : @entity1 aged at least 18 years, with @entity1569 involving 10% or more of body surface area; 148 were screened and 112 were randomly assigned to treatment groups and received study drug. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received placebo or etanercept, 25 mg, subcutaneously twice a week for 24 weeks. Other @entity1569 therapies were limited during the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Safety measurements included tracking of adverse events and laboratory values. Efficacy was evaluated using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI); the primary end point was a 75% improvement in PASI. Other efficacy measurements included @entity1 and physician global assessments and quality-of-life measures. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of treatment, 17 (30%) of the 57 etanercept-treated @entity1 and 1 (2%) of the 55 placebo-treated @entity1 had achieved PASI 75%, and after 24 weeks, 32 (56%) of etanercept-treated @entity1 and 3 (5%) of placebo-treated @entity1 had reached this level (P<.001 for both time points). By 24 weeks, @entity1569 was clear or minimal by physician's global assessment in more than 50% of @entity1 who received etanercept. Treatment failure (PASI response <50) occurred in 23% of @entity1 at week 24. All other measures confirmed the efficacy of etanercept. Adverse events were similar among etanercept and placebo groups. CONCLUSION: Etanercept monotherapy provided significant benefit to @entity1 with @entity1569 and had a favorable safety profile.

title: A randomized trial of etanercept as monotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with remission of @entity1723 recurrent @entity1724 (JORRP). DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Twenty-two tertiary care centers located across the United States. STUDY @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 165 @entity1 diagnosed as having JORRP between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2000. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine associations between predictors and remission. INTERVENTIONS: Surgical excision and drug therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Remission of JORRP, defined as no surgical procedures for at least 1 year, as associated with age at diagnosis, drug therapy in the first year after diagnosis, number of surgical procedures in the first year after diagnosis, and number of anatomical sites of disease at diagnosis. Demographic factors (sex and race) and Medicaid status were also evaluated. RESULTS: Older age at diagnosis was positively associated with remission of JORRP (hazards ratio for every increase of 1 year in age, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.23). CONCLUSIONS: Younger @entity1 were found to have persistent disease and often underwent an increased number of surgical procedures in the first year after diagnosis of JORRP. Sex and race were not important factors in determining remission.

title: Predictors of remission in XXXX recurrent @entity1724 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile-onset']

entities_list: @entity1724 :: ('MESH:C535297', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory papillomatosis']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['juvenile-onset']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with remission of @entity1723 recurrent @entity1724 (JORRP). DESIGN: Longitudinal study. SETTING: Twenty-two tertiary care centers located across the United States. STUDY @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 165 @entity1 diagnosed as having JORRP between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2000. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine associations between predictors and remission. INTERVENTIONS: Surgical excision and drug therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Remission of JORRP, defined as no surgical procedures for at least 1 year, as associated with age at diagnosis, drug therapy in the first year after diagnosis, number of surgical procedures in the first year after diagnosis, and number of anatomical sites of disease at diagnosis. Demographic factors (sex and race) and Medicaid status were also evaluated. RESULTS: Older age at diagnosis was positively associated with remission of JORRP (hazards ratio for every increase of 1 year in age, 1.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.23). CONCLUSIONS: Younger @entity1 were found to have persistent disease and often underwent an increased number of surgical procedures in the first year after diagnosis of JORRP. Sex and race were not important factors in determining remission.

title: Predictors of remission in @entity1723 recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity1724 :: (MESH:C535297,Disease) :: ['respiratory papillomatosis']


abstract: Opercular epithelial cells of @entity3217 were investigated using conventional microelectrodes. The area of interest was the cells lining the inside of the opercular epithelium closest to the gill arches, an area with a high density of @entity2865 cells. Only one cell type could be discerned from the values of 60 opercular cells measured with the opercular epithelium in open circuit conditions. A mean apical voltage of -18.0 +/- 0.6 mV was observed with intracellular values ranging from -10 to -30 mV. The predicted intracellular @entity2865 content was 59 mM/liter. Apical fractional resistance (faR) was 0.78 +/- 0.02. The intracellular potential measurements were typically difficult to maintain for extended periods (longer than 3 min). The opercular cells depolarize with serosal @entity3044 treatment (10(-6) M) corresponding to the increase in opercular transepithelial potential. The opercular cell apical fR decreased with @entity3044 treatment. These data indicate the observed opercular cells were involved in opercular @entity2865 transport.

title: Intracellular voltage recordings in the opercular epithelium of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['Fundus heteroclitus']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['Fundus heteroclitus']


abstract: Insomnia is one of the most common complaints at worksites, as well as in the general population. This study aims to assess the effect of @entity22 on the development of @entity101 in Japanese male workers. Using the annual health examination database of a Japanese telecommunication company, eligible middle-aged male @entity1 in the 1994 health examination were followed up until 1998 or the development of @entity101 (either initiation of antihypertensive therapy or a systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg). The effect of difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) was assessed with a DIS dataset (n=4,794), which included non-DIS (n=4,602) and persistent-DIS (n=192) subjects. That of difficulty maintaining sleep ( @entity13337 ) was assessed with a @entity13337 dataset (n=4,443), which included non- @entity13337 (n=4,157) and persistent- @entity13337 (n=286) subjects. The incidence of @entity101 among persistent-DIS (40.1%; 130.7 per 1,000 @entity1 -yr) was significantly higher than that among non-DIS (30.6%; 89.9 per 1,000 @entity1 -yr). The incidence of @entity101 among persistent- @entity13337 (42.3%; 136.7 per 1,000 @entity1 -yr) was significantly higher than that among non- @entity13337 (30.7%; 90.8 per 1,000 @entity1 -yr). After adjusting for potential confounding factors (i.e. age, body mass index, smoking, @entity167 drinking, and job stress), persistent complaints of DIS and @entity13337 were significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity101 (OR=1.96; 95%CI: 1.42-2.70 and OR=1.88; 95%CI: 1.45-2.45, respectively). Persistent @entity22 may be a useful predictor of @entity101 in Japanese male workers.

title: Persistent @entity22 is a predictor of XXXX in Japanese male workers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Insomnia is one of the most common complaints at worksites, as well as in the general population. This study aims to assess the effect of @entity22 on the development of @entity101 in Japanese male workers. Using the annual health examination database of a Japanese telecommunication company, eligible middle-aged male @entity1 in the 1994 health examination were followed up until 1998 or the development of @entity101 (either initiation of antihypertensive therapy or a systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg). The effect of difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) was assessed with a DIS dataset (n=4,794), which included non-DIS (n=4,602) and persistent-DIS (n=192) subjects. That of difficulty maintaining sleep ( @entity13337 ) was assessed with a @entity13337 dataset (n=4,443), which included non- @entity13337 (n=4,157) and persistent- @entity13337 (n=286) subjects. The incidence of @entity101 among persistent-DIS (40.1%; 130.7 per 1,000 @entity1 -yr) was significantly higher than that among non-DIS (30.6%; 89.9 per 1,000 @entity1 -yr). The incidence of @entity101 among persistent- @entity13337 (42.3%; 136.7 per 1,000 @entity1 -yr) was significantly higher than that among non- @entity13337 (30.7%; 90.8 per 1,000 @entity1 -yr). After adjusting for potential confounding factors (i.e. age, body mass index, smoking, @entity167 drinking, and job stress), persistent complaints of DIS and @entity13337 were significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity101 (OR=1.96; 95%CI: 1.42-2.70 and OR=1.88; 95%CI: 1.45-2.45, respectively). Persistent @entity22 may be a useful predictor of @entity101 in Japanese male workers.

title: Persistent XXXX is a predictor of @entity101 in Japanese male workers.

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the epidemiology of @entity360 hospitalized in Emergency Departments. Most of the studies concerning digestive @entity548 have been carried out by Gastroenterology Departments. This multicentre study included consecutive @entity1 with @entity360 hospitalized after an initial management at Emergency Departments in France, to describe the initial medical management and to determine the causes of @entity360 . We also studied the relationship between the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or @entity117 and the occurrence of an @entity360 by a case-control comparison. RESULTS: A total of 180 @entity1 (112 @entity1 , 59+/-18 years) were included during 23 days, and 353 controls (222 @entity1 , 57+/-13 years) were selected at the same time. The delay between the first clinical signs of @entity360 and arrival at the Emergency Department was 33+/-42 h, and endoscopy was performed 14+/-16 h after admission to the Emergency Department. Sixty-six percent of @entity1 with @entity82 could benefit from a specific vasoactive treatment. Endoscopy was performed in 160 @entity1 . Bleeding was caused by @entity1066 and @entity3621 in 88 @entity1 (49%) and portal @entity101 in 59 (32%). The relationship between the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or @entity117 and @entity360 was confirmed, odds ratio, (OR) 1.69 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15-2.33], but not among cirrhotic @entity1 , odds ratio 1.12 (95% CI 0.65-1.86). CONCLUSION: Hospitalized @entity360 in Emergency Departments in France is more often caused by @entity82 than in other countries. Decreasing the delay between the first signs of @entity548 and arrival at the Emergency Department is the main challenge in the management of @entity360 .

title: XXXX in Emergency Departments in France: causes and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage']


abstract: @entity528 and the presence of @entity3072 ( @entity3072 ) within aminergic nuclei were examined in a series of @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Neuromelanin-containing neurons within the locus ceruleus and large nucleolus-containing neurons within the dorsal raphe nucleus and the central superior (raphe) nucleus were counted in 25 @entity1 with @entity195 and in 12 age-matched control subjects. Numbers of @entity3072 were quantified in the same regions. Counts were compared with clinical data, including psychiatric evaluations, available for 21 of the @entity1 with @entity195 . Within the locus ceruleus in the @entity1 with @entity195 were more severe at mid level than at caudal or rostral levels (p less than 0.01). Within the dorsal raphe nucleus, @entity528 was most severe caudally (p less than 0.05). @entity3072 , but not @entity528 , were demonstrated within the central superior nucleus. Neuronal and NFT counts did not correlate at individual levels; the relative severity of both pathological processes was consistent from level to level within nuclei but was less consistent between nuclei. @entity528 correlated inversely with age, particularly within the locus ceruleus. Duration of disease correlated inversely with counts of @entity3072 , particularly within the dorsal raphe nucleus, implying a correlation between NFT counts and rate of progression of disease as all but 3 @entity1 had severe @entity303 . Significantly, @entity1 with @entity195 complicated by major @entity308 had fewer neurons at the mid level of the locus ceruleus and at the rostral level of the central superior nucleus in comparison with nondepressed @entity1 . There was a trend suggesting greater loss of neurons at all levels of the locus ceruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus in depressed individuals.

title: The neuropathology of aminergic nuclei in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['NFTs', 'neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD, abnormalities', 'AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Neuronal loss', 'neuronal loss']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: The most common causes of end @entity177 in 46 @entity1 (mean age 11 years, range 4-14) treated between January 1972 and June 1977 were: reflux @entity8 (n = 12), @entity8518 (n = 7), focal and segmental @entity631 (n = 6), and Sch  nlein-Henoch disease (n = 5). The quality of life, degree of renal function, and height attainment of the 31 survivors were assessed in June 1985, when their mean age was 22 years (range 14-27), using hospital records and a questionnaire designed to highlight social and psychological problems. Twenty six @entity1 had a functioning transplanted kidney. Average growth during treatment for all survivors was normal, but most were disappointed with their 'final height'. Though five @entity1 had some form of disabling @entity79 , all 31 could walk and 27 could run. Sixteen (67%) were in full or part time employment and nine were living independently. A group of 32 @entity1 with juvenile onset @entity6 treated at this hospital for at least five years were also asked to complete the questionnaire and of these, 17 responded. On average, their data could usefully be compared with those of cases of end @entity177 . More of the @entity6 had jobs, but most sexually mature @entity1 with @entity8 were concerned about their physical appearance and had not achieved any stable long term sexual relationships. We suggest that a poor body image resulting in low self esteem may be responsible for the deficiency and believe that further study in this group is warranted.

title: Long term outcome of treatment of end XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['stage renal failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the screw sliding characteristics and biomechanical stability of four-part intertrochanteric @entity173 stabilized with an intramedullary nail using either one large-diameter lag screw (intramedullary hip screw [IMHS]; Smith _ Nephew, Memphis, @entity7443 ) or two small-diameter lag screws (trochanteric antegrade nail [ @entity27376 ]; Smith _ Nephew, Memphis, @entity7443 ). DESIGN: Laboratory investigation using eight matched pairs of cadaveric @entity1 femurs with simulated, unstable intertrochanteric @entity173 . INTERVENTION: One femur of each matched pair was stabilized with an IMHS intramedullary nail, and the other was stabilized with a @entity27376 intramedullary nail. Femurs were statically, then cyclically loaded on a servohydraulic materials testing machine. Finally, all specimens were loaded to failure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Screw sliding and inferior and lateral head displacements were measured for applied static loads from 500N to 1250N. The same measurements were obtained before and after cyclically loading the specimens at 1250N. Ultimate failure strength of the implant constructs also was determined. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the @entity27376 and IMHS in static or cyclical loading with respect to screw sliding or inferior and lateral head displacements. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.02) in failure strength, with the IMHS construct failing at an average of 2162N and the @entity27376 construct failing at an average of 3238N. CONCLUSION: The two constructs showed equivalent @entity2003 and stability in all parameters assessed in elastic and cyclical tests. The @entity27376 had a greater ultimate failure load.

title: Intramedullary fixation of unstable intertrochanteric XXXX : one or two lag screws.

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: We have examined the role of @entity1199 , @entity379 and interferon-alpha in the generation of natural cytotoxic (NC) activity and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures stimulated with @entity683 virus, using the immunosuppressive effects of @entity617 . In addition to an inhibitory effect on the generation of CTL activity, @entity617 also inhibited the generation of NC activity in a similar dose-and time-dependent manner. @entity617 suppressed the production of @entity379 when it was added on the first day of culture of PBL with @entity683 virus. Levels of interferon-alpha were not affected. The effects of @entity617 on the generation of NC activity and CTL activity in kinetic terms were not paralleled by the effects on interferon-alpha and @entity379 production. The diminished generation of NC activity could be reversed by the addition of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), but @entity379 had little if any restorative effects. Interferon-alpha had no effect. These findings support the hypothesis that @entity1199 is the major inducer of NC activity in CTL generation cultures. The inhibitory effect on CTL generation could only be reversed by @entity1199 and not by interferon-alpha- and @entity379 . Thus, in the absence of @entity1199 , interferon-alpha and @entity379 cannot support the generation of CTL activity or the concomitantly induced NC activity.

title: Role of XXXX and interferon in the generation of natural cytotoxic activity in @entity683 virus-stimulated PBL cultures: analysis with the use of @entity617 .

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone', 'prednisolone']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: We have examined the role of @entity1199 , @entity379 and interferon-alpha in the generation of natural cytotoxic (NC) activity and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures stimulated with @entity683 virus, using the immunosuppressive effects of @entity617 . In addition to an inhibitory effect on the generation of CTL activity, @entity617 also inhibited the generation of NC activity in a similar dose-and time-dependent manner. @entity617 suppressed the production of @entity379 when it was added on the first day of culture of PBL with @entity683 virus. Levels of interferon-alpha were not affected. The effects of @entity617 on the generation of NC activity and CTL activity in kinetic terms were not paralleled by the effects on interferon-alpha and @entity379 production. The diminished generation of NC activity could be reversed by the addition of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), but @entity379 had little if any restorative effects. Interferon-alpha had no effect. These findings support the hypothesis that @entity1199 is the major inducer of NC activity in CTL generation cultures. The inhibitory effect on CTL generation could only be reversed by @entity1199 and not by interferon-alpha- and @entity379 . Thus, in the absence of @entity1199 , interferon-alpha and @entity379 cannot support the generation of CTL activity or the concomitantly induced NC activity.

title: Role of @entity1199 and interferon in the generation of natural cytotoxic activity in @entity683 virus-stimulated PBL cultures: analysis with the use of XXXX .

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: We have examined the role of @entity1199 , @entity379 and interferon-alpha in the generation of natural cytotoxic (NC) activity and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures stimulated with @entity683 virus, using the immunosuppressive effects of @entity617 . In addition to an inhibitory effect on the generation of CTL activity, @entity617 also inhibited the generation of NC activity in a similar dose-and time-dependent manner. @entity617 suppressed the production of @entity379 when it was added on the first day of culture of PBL with @entity683 virus. Levels of interferon-alpha were not affected. The effects of @entity617 on the generation of NC activity and CTL activity in kinetic terms were not paralleled by the effects on interferon-alpha and @entity379 production. The diminished generation of NC activity could be reversed by the addition of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), but @entity379 had little if any restorative effects. Interferon-alpha had no effect. These findings support the hypothesis that @entity1199 is the major inducer of NC activity in CTL generation cultures. The inhibitory effect on CTL generation could only be reversed by @entity1199 and not by interferon-alpha- and @entity379 . Thus, in the absence of @entity1199 , interferon-alpha and @entity379 cannot support the generation of CTL activity or the concomitantly induced NC activity.

title: Role of @entity1199 and interferon in the generation of natural cytotoxic activity in XXXX virus-stimulated PBL cultures: analysis with the use of @entity617 .

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Compliance in @entity6 self-management is a complex issue. It involves the interdependent daily actions of self-measurement of blood @entity413 and adherence to a prescribed schedule of daily activities. This impacts strongly on lifestyle because it necessitates precise meal timing as well as control of size and @entity1735 content. We sought to identify how strongly relaxing the lifestyle constraints per se would impact the ability to achieve improved metabolic control. To isolate these effects from those that result from poor measurement compliance, we used a computer simulator called OMNI et al. Furthermore, to standardize the "clinical" therapy, a second microprocessor device called an " @entity2690 Dosage Computer" was used to adjust @entity2690 doses based on the usual clinical practice of four times a day precibal blood @entity413 measurements. Ten type 1 @entity6 @entity1 were stimulated and each followed for 120 simulated days. In each such subject, the simulation was repeated three times to include three different levels of lifestyle compliance ranging from excellent to poor. In all three protocols, starting from a level of poor control of @entity6 , mean blood @entity413 values were significantly improved without significant differences after 120 days of computer-simulated treatment. Only the standard deviations, expressing the fluctuations of blood @entity413 and hence its stability, increased with decreasing lifestyle compliance. This computer simulation predicts that consistent self-monitoring of four blood @entity413 values per day is the cornerstone of @entity6 self-control and that the use of these data according to a standardized therapeutic algorithm for @entity2690 adjustment may successfully stabilize even @entity1 with poor lifestyle compliance. Clinical studies must follow.

title: Compliance in microcomputer-assisted conventional XXXX therapy: computer simulation study results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: One hundred and thirteen @entity1 (59 @entity1 and 54 @entity1 aged from 2 to 16 years) with end @entity177 entered the renal dialysis and transplantation programme between 1972 and 1983. They were followed up until December 1985. Ninety eight @entity1 were initially treated by haemodialysis in hospital and 15 by renal transplantation. The average wait on dialysis was seven months (range 0.1-43 months). One hundred and six @entity1 were given 129 renal transplants, 32 of which were from living related donors. At the end of 1985 94 of the 113 @entity1 (83%) were alive, 81 (72%) with functioning grafts, 11 (10%) were receiving haemodialysis in hospital, two (1%) were being treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, and three had been lost to follow up. The 14 years actuarial survival was 81%. Four @entity1 receiving dialysis and 12 who had received transplants died, a mortality of 14%. The main complications of treatment were retardation of growth in 49 (43%), @entity101 in 75 (66%), and osteopathy in 36 (32%). Retardation of growth could not be reversed by successful renal transplantation. Seventy two @entity1 (88%) assessed their health as good to excellent, and 9 (12%) as poor. @entity1 with a functioning graft did much better than those receiving dialysis. Treatment of end @entity177 led to full rehabilitation in most @entity1 , and renal transplantation was more effective than dialysis.

title: End XXXX : 14 years' experience of dialysis and renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['stage renal failure']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a progressive, @entity179 characterized by @entity527 in the cerebral neuropil and vasculature. These @entity527 comprise predominantly fragments and full-length (40 or 42 residue) forms of the amyloid beta-protein ( @entity477 ) organized into fibrillar assemblies. Compelling evidence indicates that factors that increase overall @entity477 production or the ratio of longer to shorter forms, or which facilitate deposition or inhibit elimination of @entity527 , cause @entity195 or are risk factors for the disease. In vitro studies have demonstrated that fibrillar @entity477 has potent @entity2359 effects on cultured neurons. In vivo experiments in non- @entity1 primates have demonstrated that @entity477 fibrils directly cause pathologic changes, including tau hyperphosphorylation. In concert with histologic studies revealing a lack of tissue injury in areas of the neuropil in which non-fibrillar deposits were found, these data suggested that fibril assembly was a prerequisite for @entity477 -mediated @entity2359 in vivo. Recently, however, both in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that soluble, oligomeric forms of @entity477 also have potent @entity2359 activities, and in fact, may be the proximate effectors of the @entity528 and @entity204 occurring in @entity195 . A paradigm shift is thus emerging that necessitates the reevaluation of the relative importance of polymeric (fibrillar) vs. oligomeric assemblies in the pathobiology of @entity195 . In addition to @entity195 , an increasing number of @entity179 , including @entity191 , familial British @entity303 , @entity14755 , @entity746 , and @entity1579 , are associated with abnormal protein assembly processes. The archetypal features of the assembly-dependent neuropathogenetic effects of @entity477 may thus be of relevance not only to @entity195 but to these other disorders as well.

title: Paradigm shifts in @entity195 and other XXXX : the emerging role of oligomeric assemblies.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits', 'amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion diseases']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder', 'neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a progressive, @entity179 characterized by @entity527 in the cerebral neuropil and vasculature. These @entity527 comprise predominantly fragments and full-length (40 or 42 residue) forms of the amyloid beta-protein ( @entity477 ) organized into fibrillar assemblies. Compelling evidence indicates that factors that increase overall @entity477 production or the ratio of longer to shorter forms, or which facilitate deposition or inhibit elimination of @entity527 , cause @entity195 or are risk factors for the disease. In vitro studies have demonstrated that fibrillar @entity477 has potent @entity2359 effects on cultured neurons. In vivo experiments in non- @entity1 primates have demonstrated that @entity477 fibrils directly cause pathologic changes, including tau hyperphosphorylation. In concert with histologic studies revealing a lack of tissue injury in areas of the neuropil in which non-fibrillar deposits were found, these data suggested that fibril assembly was a prerequisite for @entity477 -mediated @entity2359 in vivo. Recently, however, both in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that soluble, oligomeric forms of @entity477 also have potent @entity2359 activities, and in fact, may be the proximate effectors of the @entity528 and @entity204 occurring in @entity195 . A paradigm shift is thus emerging that necessitates the reevaluation of the relative importance of polymeric (fibrillar) vs. oligomeric assemblies in the pathobiology of @entity195 . In addition to @entity195 , an increasing number of @entity179 , including @entity191 , familial British @entity303 , @entity14755 , @entity746 , and @entity1579 , are associated with abnormal protein assembly processes. The archetypal features of the assembly-dependent neuropathogenetic effects of @entity477 may thus be of relevance not only to @entity195 but to these other disorders as well.

title: Paradigm shifts in XXXX and other @entity179 : the emerging role of oligomeric assemblies.

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To describe an alternative treatment approach for @entity158 . BACKGROUND: Weakness of the hip, pelvis, and trunk musculature has been hypothesized to influence lower-limb alignment and contribute to @entity158 . Two @entity1 who had a chief complaint of @entity158 and demonstrated lack of control of the hip in the frontal and transverse planes during functional movements were treated with an exercise program targeting the hip, pelvis, and trunk musculature. METHODS AND MEASURES: The @entity1 presented in these 2 case reports did not exhibit obvious @entity893 or tracking problems; however, on qualitative assessment, both demonstrated excessive hip adduction, internal rotation, and knee valgus during gait and while performing a step-down maneuver. In addition, both @entity1 exhibited weakness of the hip abductors, extensors, and external rotators, as demonstrated by hand-held dynamometry testing. Treatment in both cases occurred over a 14-week period and focused on recruitment and endurance training of the hip, pelvis, and trunk musculature. Functional status, @entity158 , muscle force production, as well as subjective and objective assessment of lower-extremity kinematics during gait and a step-down maneuver were assessed preintervention and postintervention. RESULTS: Both @entity1 experienced a significant @entity158 , improved lower-extremity kinematics during dynamic testing, and were able to return to their original levels of function. Gluteus medius force production improved by 50% in @entity1 A and 90% in @entity1 B, while gluteus maximus force production improved 55% in @entity1 A and 110% in @entity1 B. Objective kinematic improvements in the step-down task also were demonstrated in @entity1 A. CONCLUSION: Assessment and treatment of the hip, pelvis, and trunk musculature should be considered in the rehabilitation of @entity1 who present with @entity158 and demonstrate abnormal lower-extremity kinematics.

title: Management of XXXX targeting hip, pelvis, and trunk muscle function: 2 case reports.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['patellar malalignment']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in patellofemoral pain', 'pain', 'patellofemoral pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['patellofemoral pain']


abstract: Thirty-five @entity1 with superficial transitional @entity150 were treated intravesically with escalating doses of recombinant alpha-2-interferon administered weekly for 8 weeks. Of the 19 @entity1 with high-grade intraepithelial @entity5 (17 @entity2735 [ @entity2735 ], two severe @entity1141 , all cytology positive), six (32%) had complete resolution of all histologic and cytologic evidence of disease (complete response). An additional three @entity1 (16%) had complete resolution of @entity2735 , but the interval appearance of a low-grade transitional cell @entity5 . Five (26%) had a partial response (complete resolution of all evidence of @entity2735 on multiple bladder biopsies but persistently positive cytologic preparations). Sixteen @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 and extensive prior therapy were also treated. Four (25%) had a complete response. Twenty-three of the 35 @entity1 had prior intravesical therapy. Seven of the 23 (30%) @entity1 with prior intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy had a complete or partial response to interferon, while eight of the 12 @entity1 (67%) without prior intravesical treatment responded. These responses were achieved with minimal local and systemic @entity137 . Of the ten complete responders, five remain in continuous unmaintained remission for 18+ to 37+ months. Intracavitary alpha-2-interferon is an effective new treatment for some @entity1 with @entity150 .

title: Alpha-interferon in superficial XXXX : a Northern California Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['papillary tumors', 'neoplasia', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this multicenter study was to assess the long-term outcome of endovascular treatment of isolated @entity731 of the infrarenal abdominal aorta on the basis of clinical and ultrasound examination. Clinical, ultrasound, and angiographic findings from 36 @entity1 and 50 @entity1 (mean age, 53.2 years) treated for @entity731 of the infrarenal abdominal aorta were reviewed. @entity1 had @entity613 in 74 cases and @entity158 in 4. Seven @entity1 presented trophic manifestations and one had @entity9971 . Mean preoperative systolic index was 0.71. Mean diameter reduction was 77%. Circumferential calcification was partial in 36 cases (41%) and complete in 30 cases (35%). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed using the single-balloon technique in 60 cases and double-balloon technique in 26 cases. A stent was placed in 76 cases (88%) by necessity in 34% of cases (22 residual stenoses, 4 dissections). Completion angiographic findings were considered good in 82 cases (95%). The remaining four @entity1 had residual stenosis with a diameter reduction >30%. One @entity1 died during the immediate postoperative period from septicemia unrelated to treatment (early mortality, 1.2%). Aortic angioplasty was complicated by stent detachment from the angioplasty balloon in two @entity1 , retroperitoneal @entity1410 in one, @entity1897 in two, puncture-site @entity1410 in three, @entity583 in one, and @entity2268 of deep femoral artery in one @entity1 (early morbidity, 9.3%). All @entity1 underwent follow-up with clinical and hemodynamic evaluation (mean follow-up, 31 months). Actuarial survival at 3 years was 91%. Primary actuarial patency was 94% at 1 year, 89% at 3 years, and 77% at 5 years. @entity2333 occurred in seven @entity1 and was treated by angioplasty in two, aortobifemoral bypass in four, and surveillance in one. Mean systolic index was 0.89. Statistical analysis of patency demonstrated no factor predictive of long-term complication. From the long-term follow-up findings in this study, we conclude that aortic angioplasty is a reliable minimally invasive technique for treatment of isolated @entity731 of the infrarenal abdominal aorta.

title: Endovascular treatment of isolated XXXX of the infrarenal abdominal aorta: long-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity9971 :: ('MESH:D018438', 'Disease') :: ['blue toe syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral embolism']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic restenosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic stenosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic stenosis']