abstract: Home @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) is associated with many complications including severe @entity409 . Commercial   -6 @entity844 - @entity1460 based-lipid emulsions in @entity3147 may mediate long term @entity3147 associate @entity409 (PNALD) whereas   -3-fish oil parenteral emulsions have shown to reverse PNALD in @entity1 . However, its clinical effectiveness in adults has been scarcely reported. In this work, we study the role of @entity1460 and fish oil lipid commercial emulsions on inflammatory and profibrotic liver markers in adults with long term PNALD and in in vitro cellular models. Inflammatory and profibrotic markers were measured in serum of ten adults with long term PNALD and in culture supernatants of monocytes. Liver epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFb1) to evaluate in vitro liver @entity82 . Omegaven  , a 100% fish oil commercial emulsion, was infused during four months in two @entity1 with severe long term PNALD reversing, at the first month, the inflammatory, profibrotic and clinical parameters of PNALD. The effect was maintained during the treatment course but impaired when conventional lipid emulsions were reintroduced. The other @entity1 under chronic @entity1460 oil-based @entity3147 showed elevated inflammatory and profibrotic parameters. In vitro @entity1 monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide induced a strong inflammatory response that was suppressed by @entity27982  , but increased by @entity1460 emulsions. In other experiments, TGFb1 induced EMT that was suppressed by Omegaven   and enhanced by @entity1460 oil lipid emulsions. Omegaven   improves clinical, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic parameters in adults with long-term home PNALD.

title: Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic profile of fish oil emulsions used in XXXX -associated @entity409 .

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['parenteral nutrition']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For the detection of unwanted outcomes of new interventions, physicians rely on adverse event reporting. We attempt to quantify the reported incidence of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) and @entity715 ( @entity715 ) in @entity922 ( @entity922 ), and evaluate the extent of under-reporting. We selected all therapeutic @entity922 published in the four highest-impact general medicine journals between January 2011 and July 2011. @entity1 were categorized according to @entity1211 risk. The occurrences of @entity1211 and @entity715 , either as predefined outcome or adverse event, were assessed. We identified 131 @entity922 . @entity1211 and @entity715 were not reported in 89 and 70  % of these studies, respectively. The raw-unweighted reported incidence in the 3 studies with predefined outcomes for @entity1211 was 8.4 (7.8-9.1) per 1,000  @entity1 -years. In the 128 studies without predefined outcomes for @entity1211 , (consisting of 322,029 individuals, including @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity32 , @entity65 , surgery, adding up to a follow-up >500,000 @entity1 -years), an incidence of 0.4 (0.4-0.5) per 1,000 @entity1 -years was found. The reported incidence of @entity715 in 18 studies in which @entity715 was part of predefined outcomes was 25.6 (24.9-26.3) per 1,000 @entity1 -years. In 92 studies without predefined outcomes for @entity715 (231,638 individuals, follow-up >200,000  @entity1 -years,), the incidence was 2.5 (2.3-2.7) per 1,000  @entity1 -years. The incidence of @entity1211 and @entity715 in @entity922 is highly under-reported. Uniform registration of adverse events, even when unlikely to be related to the intervention, is necessary to be able to inform physicians about the potential @entity137 of new therapeutic strategies.

title: Under-reporting of venous and arterial @entity715 events in XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'arterial thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['randomized clinical trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity922 :: (MESH:D013568,Disease) :: ['randomized clinical trials']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For the detection of unwanted outcomes of new interventions, physicians rely on adverse event reporting. We attempt to quantify the reported incidence of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) and @entity715 ( @entity715 ) in @entity922 ( @entity922 ), and evaluate the extent of under-reporting. We selected all therapeutic @entity922 published in the four highest-impact general medicine journals between January 2011 and July 2011. @entity1 were categorized according to @entity1211 risk. The occurrences of @entity1211 and @entity715 , either as predefined outcome or adverse event, were assessed. We identified 131 @entity922 . @entity1211 and @entity715 were not reported in 89 and 70  % of these studies, respectively. The raw-unweighted reported incidence in the 3 studies with predefined outcomes for @entity1211 was 8.4 (7.8-9.1) per 1,000  @entity1 -years. In the 128 studies without predefined outcomes for @entity1211 , (consisting of 322,029 individuals, including @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity32 , @entity65 , surgery, adding up to a follow-up >500,000 @entity1 -years), an incidence of 0.4 (0.4-0.5) per 1,000 @entity1 -years was found. The reported incidence of @entity715 in 18 studies in which @entity715 was part of predefined outcomes was 25.6 (24.9-26.3) per 1,000 @entity1 -years. In 92 studies without predefined outcomes for @entity715 (231,638 individuals, follow-up >200,000  @entity1 -years,), the incidence was 2.5 (2.3-2.7) per 1,000  @entity1 -years. The incidence of @entity1211 and @entity715 in @entity922 is highly under-reported. Uniform registration of adverse events, even when unlikely to be related to the intervention, is necessary to be able to inform physicians about the potential @entity137 of new therapeutic strategies.

title: Under-reporting of venous and arterial XXXX events in @entity922 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complex @entity2795 in teenagers can be complicated to diagnose. The aim of this study was to present detailed features of @entity2795 in teenage migraineurs. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from 2008 till 2013. A total number of 40 teenage migraineurs (20 females and 20 males) met criteria for this study. The @entity1 were interviewed using a specially designed questionnaire for collecting data about @entity2795 . Main outcome measures were frequency of @entity227 ( @entity409 ) symptoms in teenage migraineurs population during the aura, and also within each individual. RESULTS: Visual aura was reported in every attack, followed by somatosensory (60%) and @entity4943 (36.4%) aura. Scintillating @entity227 were mostly reported and predominant @entity227 . The most common somatosensory symptom was @entity1183 in hand. @entity409 were reported by 22 (55%) @entity1 . Slowed speech was mostly reported symptom of @entity409 , followed by @entity5545 , d  j   vu phenomenon, @entity3641 , and @entity1742 . In @entity1 with @entity409 , aura frequency per year (6.18    3.17 vs. 3.33    2.03, p = 0.003) and prevalence of somatosensory symptoms (77.3% vs. 38.9%, p = 0.014) were significantly higher than in @entity1 without @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: Aura symptoms vary to a great extent in complexity in teenage migraineurs. Consequently, results obtained in this study provide useful information for clinicians when faced with @entity2795 .

title: Features of XXXX in teenagers.

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine aura features', 'unusual migraine aura', 'migraine aura']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['scotoma and blurry vision', 'visual, somatosensory and higher cortical dysfunction', 'visual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['dysphasic']

entities_list: @entity3641 :: ('MESH:D003117', 'Disease') :: ['color dysgnosia']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['dyspraxia']

answer: @entity2795 :: (MESH:D020325,Disease) :: ['migraine aura']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of maternal serum @entity40590 ( @entity40590 ) in identifying pathological intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUFGR) among @entity1 presented in the third trimester of pregnancy with a small for gestational age (SGA) fetus. STUDY DESIGN: This case control study was conducted in Ain-Shams University Maternity Hospital, Abbasiya Square, Cairo, Egypt and included @entity1 diagnosed at the third trimester of pregnancy as having a SGA fetus. Cases included pregnant @entity1 with pathological IUFGR, while @entity1 with physiologically SGA fetus were included in the control group. Diagnosis of antenatal SGA fetus was based on the presence of abdominal circumference <10th percentile. Pathological IUFGR was provisionally diagnosed antenatally by the presence of falling percentiles on serial ultrasound scans and then the definitive diagnosis was established postnatally after comprehensive neonatal evaluation. @entity1503 were collected from the eligible @entity1 , once at the time of enrollment, to assess serum @entity40590 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both groups were then followed up till delivery to confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS: Among the 68 pregnant included in the study, @entity40590 was found to be significantly elevated in @entity1 with SGA fetus due to pathological IUFGR (n=34) than those with physiologically SGA fetus (n=34) [6.5ng/ml (2.5-11.0) versus 1.2ng/ml (0.8-2.5) respectively], with a best cutoff value of >= 1.3ng/ml [sensitivity of 85.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 68.9-95.0) and a specificity of 73.5% (95% CI, 55.6-87.1)]. Using multivariable binary logistic regression model, amniotic fluid index (AFI) (P=0.010), estimated fetal weight (EFW) (P=0.016), @entity40590 level (P=0.041), and umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI) (P=0.027) were all found to be independent diagnostic markers for pathological IUFGR. CONCLUSION: @entity40590 is a promising marker that deserves further evaluation as it may differentiate normal and abnormal fetal growth among @entity1 presenting at third trimester of pregnancy with a SGA fetus.

title: The association between XXXX in maternal circulation and pathological intrauterine fetal growth restriction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal venous blood samples']

answer: @entity40590 :: (5806,Gene) :: ['pentraxin 3']


abstract: Few studies have examined the occurrence of minimal change @entity1985 (MCNS) in @entity1 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). We report here a series of 18 @entity1 with MCNS occurring among 13,992 new cases of @entity1893 . We analyzed the clinical and pathologic characteristics of this association, along with the response of @entity1 to treatment, to determine if this association relies on a @entity74 . The most frequent NHLs associated with MCNS were Waldenstr  m @entity8057 (33.3%), marginal zone @entity1892 (27.8%), and @entity1072 (22.2%). Other @entity1071 included @entity1582 , @entity1073 , and @entity3191 . In 4 @entity1 MCNS occurred before @entity1893 (mean delay, 15 mo), in 10 @entity1 the disorders occurred simultaneously, and in 4 @entity1 MCNS was diagnosed after @entity1893 (mean delay, 25 mo). Circulating monoclonal immunoglobulins were present in 11 @entity1 . A nontumoral interstitial infiltrate was present in renal biopsy specimens from 3 @entity1 without significant @entity8 . @entity810 resulting from @entity8 or renal hypoperfusion was present in 6 @entity1 . MCNS relapse occurred more frequently in @entity1 treated exclusively by @entity134 therapy (77.8%) than in those receiving @entity230 associated with chemotherapy (25%). In conclusion, MCNS occurs preferentially in @entity1893 originating from B cells and requires an aggressive therapeutic approach to reduce the risk of MCNS relapse.

title: Minimal change XXXX associated with non-hodgkin lymphoid disorders: a retrospective study of 18 cases.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['tubular lesions', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['particular disorder']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). However, the mechanisms responsible for endothelial apoptosis remain poorly understood. We conducted an in vitro study to investigate whether DNA methylation is involved in smoking-induced endothelial apoptosis. @entity1 umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) at a range of concentrations (0 to 10%). HUVECs were also incubated with a demethylating reagent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidinem (AZA), with and without @entity1981 . Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling assay and flow cytometry using annexin V- @entity2823 /PI staining. We found that @entity1981 treatment significantly increased HUVEC apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunoblot revealed that @entity1981 treatment decreased @entity2247 (COX II) mRNA and protein levels, and decreased COX activity. Methylation-specific PCR and direct @entity9736 sequencing revealed positive COX II gene methylation. AZA administration partly increased mRNA and protein expressions of COX II and COX activity decreased by @entity1981 , and attenuated the toxic effects of @entity1981 . Our results showed that @entity1981 induced aberrant COX II methylation and apoptosis in HUVECs.

title: Cigarette smoke extract induces aberrant XXXX methylation and apoptosis in @entity1 umbilical vascular endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity2247 :: ('4513', 'Gene') :: ['cytochrome c oxidase subunit II']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['CSE', 'cigarette smoke extract']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['cytochrome c oxidase subunit II']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). However, the mechanisms responsible for endothelial apoptosis remain poorly understood. We conducted an in vitro study to investigate whether DNA methylation is involved in smoking-induced endothelial apoptosis. @entity1 umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) at a range of concentrations (0 to 10%). HUVECs were also incubated with a demethylating reagent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidinem (AZA), with and without @entity1981 . Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling assay and flow cytometry using annexin V- @entity2823 /PI staining. We found that @entity1981 treatment significantly increased HUVEC apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunoblot revealed that @entity1981 treatment decreased @entity2247 (COX II) mRNA and protein levels, and decreased COX activity. Methylation-specific PCR and direct @entity9736 sequencing revealed positive COX II gene methylation. AZA administration partly increased mRNA and protein expressions of COX II and COX activity decreased by @entity1981 , and attenuated the toxic effects of @entity1981 . Our results showed that @entity1981 induced aberrant COX II methylation and apoptosis in HUVECs.

title: Cigarette smoke extract induces aberrant @entity2247 methylation and apoptosis in XXXX umbilical vascular endothelial cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity734 ( @entity734 ) are among the most severely stigmatised conditions; however, little is known about the nature of these stigmatising attitudes. AIMS: To assess and compare stigmatising attitudes towards @entity1 with @entity734 among different stakeholders: general public, general practitioners (GPs), mental health and addiction specialists, and clients in treatment for @entity734 . METHODS: Cross-sectional study (N    =   3,326) in which stereotypical beliefs, attribution beliefs (e.g. perceptions about controllability and responsibility for having an addiction), social distance and expectations about rehabilitation opportunities for individuals with substance use disorders were assessed and compared between stakeholders. RESULTS: Individuals with substance use disorders elicited great social distance across all stakeholders. Stereotypical beliefs were not different between stakeholders, whereas attribution beliefs were more diverse. Considering social distance and expectations about rehabilitation opportunities, the general public was most pessimistic, followed by GPs, mental health and addiction specialists, and clients. Stereotypical and attribution beliefs, as well as age, gender and socially desirable answering, were not associated with social distance across all stakeholders. CONCLUSION: The general public and GPs expressed more social distance and were more negative in their expectations about rehabilitation opportunities, compared to mental health and addiction specialists and clients. Although stigmatising attitudes were prevalent across all groups, no striking differences were found between stakeholders.

title: Comparing stigmatising attitudes towards XXXX with substance use disorders between the general public, GPs, mental health and addiction specialists and clients.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['SUDs', 'substance abuse', 'Substance use disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Brazil is a major producer and exporter of beef, with a herd of approximately 210 million animals. For the meat industry, a reliable animal traceback from its origin to the consumer market is paramount. Of all available identification systems, DNA is the only one that survives the slaughterhouse and reaches the dish of the consumer. DNA polymorphisms are already used for @entity291 traceback, but primarily for the subspecies @entity291 taurus. However, in Brazil, another subspecies, @entity7040 predominates. We describe here the development of a DNA traceback method designed primarily for @entity7040 ( @entity7040 ), without leaving @entity291 taurus aside. We used insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms, which have the advantage of being simple and easily automatable, since in most cases, the variable loci are biallelic. We studied 94 indels, with a difference of two or more base pairs, in DNA pools of 60 @entity7040 and 60 @entity2226 animals. A set of 22 indels with heterozygosity greater than 0.3 were selected and used to construct two multiplex PCRs. On the basis of the allelic frequency of these indels, the probability of random match was calculated to be 1.12 x 10(-8) for @entity7040 and 1.60 x 10(-6) for @entity291 taurus. Moreover, we estimated that an analysis would cost less than US 15.00 per animal. Thus, this system (MULTINDELS-BOV) is perfectly suited for building large genetic databases and offering viable prospects of a national system for @entity291 traceback DNA in Brazil.

title: MULTINDELS-BOV: XXXX traceback method based on DNA insertion-deletion polymorphisms.

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['B. taurus', 'Bos taurus', 'cattle']

entities_list: @entity7040 :: ('9915', 'Species') :: ['Zebu', 'B. taurus indicus']

answer: @entity7040 :: (9915,Species) :: ['Zebu']


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: How does the placenta protect the fetus from immune rejection by the mother? SUMMARY ANSWER: The placenta can produce IgG that is glycosylated at one of its @entity1334 arms (asymmetric IgG; aIgG) which can interact with other antibodies and certain leukocytes to affect local immune reactions at the junction between the two genetically distinct entities. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The placenta can protect the semi-allogenic fetus from immune rejection by the immune potent mother. aIgG in serum is increased during pregnancy and returns to the normal range after giving birth. aIgG can react to antigens to form immune complexes which do not cause a subsequent immune effector reaction, including fixing complements, inducing @entity137 and phagocytosis, and therefore has been called 'blocking antibody'. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Eighty-eight @entity1 placentas, four trophoblast cell lines ( @entity27812 -1, JAR, JEG and BeWo), primary culture of @entity1 placental trophoblasts and a gene knock-out @entity19 model were investigated in this study. @entity1 /MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The general approach included the techniques of cell culture, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, immuno-electron microscopy, western blot, quantitative PCR, protein isolation, glycosylation analysis, enzyme digestion, gene sequencing, mass spectrophotometry, laser-guided microdissection, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, pulse chase assay, double and multiple staining to analyze protein and DNA and RNA analysis at the cellular and molecular levels. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Three major discoveries were made: (i) placental trophoblasts and endothelial cells are capable of producing IgG, a significant portion of which is aberrantly glycosylated at one of its @entity1334 arms to form aIgG; (ii) the asymmetrically glycosylated IgG produced by trophoblasts and endothelial cells can react to immunoglobulin molecules of @entity1 , @entity35 , @entity19 , @entity1237 and @entity95 at the Fc portion; (iii) asymmetrically glycosylated IgG can react to certain leukocytes in the membrane and cytoplasm, while symmetric IgG from the placenta does not have this property. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Most of the experiments were performed in vitro. The proposed mechanism calls for verification in normal and abnormal pregnancy. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This study identified a number of new phenomena suggesting that aIgG produced by the placenta would be able to react to detrimental antibodies and leukocytes and interfere with their immune reactions against the placenta and the fetus. This opens a new dimension for further studies on pregnancy physiology and immunology. Should the mechanism proposed here be confirmed, it will have a direct impact on our understanding of the physiology and pathology of @entity1 reproduction and offer new possibilities for the treatment of many diseases including spontaneous @entity5852 , @entity249 and @entity1468 . It also sheds light on the mechanism of immune evasion in general including that of @entity5 . STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: Funded by the Li KaShing Foundation and the National Natural Science Foundation to Jiang Gu, grant no. 30971150 and 81030033. There is no competing interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.

title: XXXX fragment glycosylated IgG may play a central role in placental immune evasion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1334 :: (2187,Gene) :: ['Fab']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bacterial toxins require localization to specific intracellular compartments following injection into host cells. In this study, we examine the membrane targeting of a broad family of bacterial proteins, the patatin-like phospholipases. The best-characterized member of this family is ExoU, an effector of the @entity796 type III secretion system. Upon injection into host cells, ExoU localizes to the plasma membrane, where it uses its phospholipase A2 activity to lyse infected cells. The targeting mechanism of ExoU is poorly characterized, but it was recently found to bind to the phospholipid @entity1078 (PI(4,5)P2), a marker for the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. We confirmed that the @entity2631 ( @entity2631 ) of ExoU had direct affinity for PI(4,5)P2 and determined that this binding was required for ExoU localization. Previously uncharacterized ExoU homologs from @entity11763 and @entity23559 also localized to the plasma membrane and required PI(4,5)P2 for this localization. A conserved @entity369 within the @entity2631 was critical for interaction of each protein with PI(4,5)P2 and for localization. Further, we determined the crystal structure of the full-length @entity11763 ExoU and found that it was similar to that of @entity796 ExoU. Each @entity2631 contains a four-helical bundle, with the conserved @entity369 exposed at its cap to allow for interaction with the negatively charged PI(4,5)P2. Overall, these findings provide a structural explanation for the targeting of patatin-like phospholipases to the plasma membrane and define the @entity2631 of ExoU as a member of a new class of PI(4,5)P2 binding domains.

title: A Novel XXXX Binding Domain Mediates Plasma Membrane Localization of ExoU and Other Patatin-like Phospholipases.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['P. fluorescens', 'Pseudomonas fluorescens']

entities_list: @entity23559 :: ('291112', 'Species') :: ['Photorhabdus asymbiotica']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['membrane localization domain', 'MLD']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1078 :: (CHEBI:18348,Chemical) :: ['Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']


abstract: Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) mediate fast synaptic transmission in the CNS. Typically, these membrane proteins are multimeric complexes associating several homologous subunits around a central pore. Because of the large repertoire of subunits within each family, LGICs exist in vivo as multiple subtypes that differ in subunit composition and functional properties. Establishing the specific properties of individual receptor subtypes remains a major @entity2194 and molecular pharmacology. However, isolating specific receptor subtype in recombinant systems can be problematic because of the mixture of receptor populations. This is the case for @entity143 receptors (NMDARs), a large family of tetrameric @entity2227 -gated ion channels that play key roles in brain physiology and pathology. A significant fraction of native NMDARs are triheteromers composed of two @entity4474 subunits and two different GluN2 subunits ( @entity4476 -D). We developed a method based on dual retention signals adapted from G-protein-coupled @entity1246 -B receptors allowing exclusive cell surface expression of triheteromeric @entity35 NMDARs while coexpressed diheteromeric receptors (which contain a single type of GluN2 subunit) are retained intracellularly. Using this approach, we determined the functional properties of @entity4474 / @entity4476 / @entity4319 triheteromers, one of the most abundant NMDAR subtypes in the adult forebrain, revealing their unique gating and pharmacological attributes. We envision applicability of the retention signal approach for the study of a variety of heteromeric @entity2227 -gated ion channel receptors with defined subunit composition.

title: Controlling XXXX Receptor Subunit Composition Using Ectopic Retention Signals.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['goal in the field of neuroscience']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: 5-Fluorouracile, @entity901 , @entity2600 , and @entity4181 (FOLFIRINOX) has not been extensively used in the neoadjuvant setting because of concerns with safety and @entity137 . We evaluated our institutional experience with neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX in borderline resectable @entity788 (BRPAC). The primary endpoints were completion of therapy to surgery and negative resection margin (R0) rate. @entity1 with BRPAC treated with neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX were retrospectively analyzed. Between August 2011 and September 2013, 20 @entity1 with BRPAC treated with neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX were identified.Most @entity1 (88.8%) completed FOLFIRINOX therapy and underwent resection. Abutment of venous structures was identified in 13 cases (72.2%), while short segment portal vein encasement in 3 cases (16.6%) with concomitant arterial involvement in 3 cases (16.6%). Isolated superior mesenteric artery abutment was identified in 2 cases (11.2%). @entity1 received a median of 4 cycles of FOLFIRINOX. There was 1 case of progression. Vascular resection was performed in 9 cases (52.9%). Preoperative radiation therapy was used in 8 @entity1 (44%). All @entity1 underwent margin negative resection (R0). Histopathologic treatment response was evident in 10 cases (58.8%).Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX was generally safe and the expected @entity137 did not prevent surgery allowing for a high rate of R0 resection.

title: Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX Application in Borderline Resectable XXXX : A Retrospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The efficiency of two cell types, namely adult fibroblasts, and @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) cells as nuclear donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer by hand-made cloning in buffalo ( @entity11520 ) was compared. The in vitro expanded buffalo adult fibroblast cells showed a typical "S" shape growth curve with a doubling time of 40.8  h and stained positive for @entity71469 . The in vitro cultured undifferentiated @entity6703 cells showed a doubling time of 33.2  h and stained positive for alkaline phosphatase, these cells were also found positive for undifferentiated embryonic stem cell markers like @entity61681 , @entity69115 and SOX-2, which accentuate their pluripotent property. Further, when @entity6703 cells were exposed to corresponding induction conditions, these cells differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages which was confirmed through alizaran, oil red O and alcian blue staining, respectively. Cultured adult fibroblasts and @entity6703 cells of passages 10-15 and 8-12, respectively, were used as nuclear donors. A total of 94 embryos were reconstructed using adult fibroblast as donor cells with cleavage and blastocyst production rate of 62.8      1.8 and 19.1      1.5, respectively. An overall cleavage and blastocyst formation rate of 71.1      1.2 and 29.9      2.2 was obtained when 97 embryos were reconstructed using @entity6703 cells as donor cells. There were no significant differences (P  >  0.05) in reconstructed efficiency between the cloned embryos derived from two donor cells, whereas the results showed that there were significant differences (P  <  0.05) in cleavage and blastocyst rates between the cloned embryos derived from two donor cell groups. Average total cell numbers for blastocyst generated using @entity6703 cells (172.4      5.8) was significantly (P  <  0.05) higher than from adult fibroblasts (148.2      6.1). This study suggests that the in vitro developmental potential of the cloned embryos derived from @entity6703 cells were higher than that of the cloned embryos derived from adult fibroblasts in buffalo hand-made cloning.

title: A comparative study on efficiency of adult fibroblasts and amniotic fluid-derived stem cells as donor cells for production of hand-made cloned buffalo ( XXXX ) embryos.

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['AFS', 'amniotic fluid stem']

entities_list: @entity11520 :: ('89462', 'Species') :: ['Bubalus bubalis']

answer: @entity11520 :: (89462,Species) :: ['Bubalus bubalis']


abstract: AIM: Cognitive and functioning impairments are present early in the course of @entity914 and remain one of the greatest treatment challenges. Cognitive adaptation training (CAT) is a compensatory approach to psychosocial intervention that is underpinned by a model that incorporates the role of cognition in daily functioning. CAT has established effectiveness in chronic @entity161 but has received limited investigation in first-episode @entity716 (FEP). The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of CAT in young @entity1 with FEP. METHODS: This was a single-arm feasibility study of CAT conducted at the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre, Melbourne, Australia. Five FEP @entity1 received manually guided CAT from a fully trained CAT therapist. A range of feasibility and acceptability measures were recorded throughout the study, including @entity1 and case manager satisfaction ratings. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed the CAT intervention and session attendance rates were very high (95.3%). @entity1 and their case managers indicated strong satisfaction with CAT as indicated by positive mean ratings on all satisfaction items, although there was a greater range in the @entity1 ratings. Importantly, CAT did not have a negative effect on existing case management, with case managers reporting that CAT enhanced their treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that CAT is a highly feasible and acceptable intervention in FEP, which may be easily integrated within existing services. The effectiveness of CAT in improving functional outcomes in FEP is worthy of investigation in a larger trial.

title: Feasibility and acceptability of cognitive adaptation training for first-episode XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:        To compare performance of three continence management devices and absorbent pads used by @entity1 with persistent @entity322 (> 1yr) post treatment for @entity263 .        @entity1 and Methods        Randomised, controlled trial of 56 @entity1 with one year follow up.        Three devices were tested for three weeks each: sheath drainage system, body-worn urinal, penile clamp. Device and pad performance were assessed.        Quality of life (QOL) was measured at baseline and follow-up with the King's Health Questionnaire.        Stated (intended use) and revealed (actual use) preference for products was assessed        Value-for-money was gathered. RESULTS: Substantial and significant differences in performance were found:        Sheath: good for extended use (e.g. golf and travel) when pad changing is difficult. Good for keeping skin dry, not leaking, not smelling and convenient for storage and travel;        Body-worn urinal: generally rated worse than the sheath and was mainly used for similar activities but by @entity1 who could not use a sheath (e.g. retracted penis); not good for seated activities.        Clamp: good for short vigorous activities like swimming/exercise. Most secure, least likely to leak, most discreet but almost all @entity1 described it as uncomfortable or @entity158 .        Pads: good for everyday activities and best for night-time use. Most easy to use, comfortable when dry but most likely to leak and most uncomfortable when wet.        A preference for having a mixture of products to meet daytime needs; around two thirds of @entity1 were using a combination of pads and devices after testing compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS:        This is the first trial to systematically compare different continence management devices for @entity1        Pads and devices have different strengths which make them particularly suited to certain circumstances and activities.        Most @entity1 prefer to use pads at night but would choose a mixture of pads and devices during the day.        Device limitations were important but may be overcome by better design.

title: A trial of devices for @entity322 following treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:        To compare performance of three continence management devices and absorbent pads used by @entity1 with persistent @entity322 (> 1yr) post treatment for @entity263 .        @entity1 and Methods        Randomised, controlled trial of 56 @entity1 with one year follow up.        Three devices were tested for three weeks each: sheath drainage system, body-worn urinal, penile clamp. Device and pad performance were assessed.        Quality of life (QOL) was measured at baseline and follow-up with the King's Health Questionnaire.        Stated (intended use) and revealed (actual use) preference for products was assessed        Value-for-money was gathered. RESULTS: Substantial and significant differences in performance were found:        Sheath: good for extended use (e.g. golf and travel) when pad changing is difficult. Good for keeping skin dry, not leaking, not smelling and convenient for storage and travel;        Body-worn urinal: generally rated worse than the sheath and was mainly used for similar activities but by @entity1 who could not use a sheath (e.g. retracted penis); not good for seated activities.        Clamp: good for short vigorous activities like swimming/exercise. Most secure, least likely to leak, most discreet but almost all @entity1 described it as uncomfortable or @entity158 .        Pads: good for everyday activities and best for night-time use. Most easy to use, comfortable when dry but most likely to leak and most uncomfortable when wet.        A preference for having a mixture of products to meet daytime needs; around two thirds of @entity1 were using a combination of pads and devices after testing compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS:        This is the first trial to systematically compare different continence management devices for @entity1        Pads and devices have different strengths which make them particularly suited to certain circumstances and activities.        Most @entity1 prefer to use pads at night but would choose a mixture of pads and devices during the day.        Device limitations were important but may be overcome by better design.

title: A trial of devices for XXXX following treatment for @entity263 .

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rehabilitation is the predominant post-acute treatment for @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ). We retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of post-acute @entity131 rehabilitation by comparing outcome measures and life care cost with that of @entity1 with @entity64 ( @entity64 ) who underwent a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program within the same facility. To better assess the effects of rehabilitation, we only included @entity1 with no benefit limitations from the insurance carrier. Functional effectiveness was determined by comparing outcome scales, which included the Disability Rating Scale, Mayo Portland Inventory, Occupational Status Scale, Living Status Scale, and the Centre for Neuro Skills Scale. Cost-effectiveness was determined by having certified life care planners create separate cost projections from the admission and discharge @entity1 files. This allowed us to compare cost projections with and without rehabilitation for each @entity1 . Significant decreases in the cost projections, i.e., rehabilitation savings (RS), were found after rehabilitation for @entity131 . These RS were equivalent to those of @entity1 with @entity64 . Likewise, equivalent improvements were found on all of the outcome scales for both @entity1545 groups. We also evaluated if the latency from @entity131 to admission in the rehabilitation program had an influence on outcome. Cost and functional effectiveness was more marked when rehabilitation was initiated within the first year after @entity131 . The effects of age of @entity131 were also evaluated. Although RS were most marked in younger @entity1 , improvements in outcome measures were observed in all age groups after post-acute rehabilitation.

title: Post-Acute XXXX Rehabilitation: Effects on Outcome Measures and Life Care Costs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['TBI']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advanced @entity2513 (ACA) refers to @entity652 with the following predictive characteristics:  >= 1 cm in diameter, and/or villous component, and/or high-grade @entity1141 . ACA has high risk of transforming to @entity14 , and the recurrence rate is relatively high. OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of @entity1 with ACA undergoing endoscopic resection and to identify risk factors for local recurrence and development of metachronous advanced @entity5 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center. @entity1 : From 2005 to 2011, the records of 3625 @entity1 who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy at Seoul National University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 with synchronous @entity14 , @entity29 , previous colorectal resection, loss to follow-up, and incomplete resection were excluded. INTERVENTION: Endoscopic resection for ACA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Local recurrence and metachronous advanced @entity5 . RESULTS: The study included 917 @entity1 with 1206 ACAs. The median duration of follow-up was 28.5 months (interquartile range, 12.8-51.7). Independent risk factors for local recurrence included ACA with 2 or more predictive characteristics (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-5.48; P  = .027) and piecemeal resection (adjusted HR, 6.96; 95% CI, 1.58-30.71; P  = .010). Independent risk factors for metachronous advanced @entity5 were male gender (adjusted HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.02-2.65; P  = .041),  >= 3 @entity652 (adjusted HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.72-3.82; P  < .001), and  >= 3 ACAs (adjusted HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.01-2.06; P  = .045). LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design. CONCLUSION: ACAs with 2 or more predictive characteristics recurred locally at a higher rate than ACAs with 1 predictive characteristic. These results suggest that @entity1 who are found to have ACAs with 2 or more predictive factors at index colonoscopy are at higher risk for local recurrence, and follow-up colonoscopy should be performed sooner.

title: Novel risk stratification for recurrence after endoscopic resection of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenoma']


abstract: Dammarane steroids (DS) are a class of chemical compounds present in @entity9052 . Here, we evaluated the effect of 10 weeks of DS supplementation on inflammatory modulation in the soleus muscle following eccentric exercise (EE)-induced @entity121 (downhill running). Eighty @entity35 were randomized into 4 groups of DS supplementation (saline, 20, 60, 120 mg/kg body weight). Inflammatory markers were measured at rest and again 1 h after EE. At rest, @entity14185 signaling, @entity1505 and @entity568 mRNAs, @entity6837 , @entity2041 peroxidase, and GCS (glutamylcysteine synthetase) levels were significantly elevated in the skeletal muscle of DS-treated @entity35 in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there were no detectable increases in the number of @entity39 muscle fibers or @entity22519 + M1 macrophages. However, muscle strength, centronucleation, @entity13358 mRNA expression, and the number of CD163+ M2 macrophages increased significantly over controls with DS treatment in @entity35 soleus muscle. Under EE-challenged conditions, significant increases in muscle fiber @entity39 , @entity22519 + M1 macrophage distribution, and @entity6837 were absent in @entity35 that received low and medium doses (20 and 60 mg/kg) of DS treatment, suggesting that DS possess anti-inflammatory action protecting against a muscle-damaging challenge. However, this protective activity was diminished when a high dose of DS (120 mg/kg) was administered, suggesting that DS possess hormetic properties. In conclusion, our study provides new evidence suggesting that DS is an ergogenic component of @entity9052 that potentiate @entity32 at baseline but that produce anti-inflammatory effects on skeletal muscle following muscle-damaging exercise. Furthermore, high doses should be avoided in formulating @entity9052 -based products.

title: Decreased eccentric exercise-induced macrophage infiltration in skeletal muscle after supplementation with a class of XXXX -derived steroids.

entities_list: @entity6837 :: ('CHEBI:44454', 'Chemical') :: ['3-nitrotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['ginseng', 'Panax ginseng']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['ginseng']


abstract: The zygomatic gland of the cat consists of at least two parts, separated by a septum, and each drains by a separate duct opening on a mucosal ridge postero-medial to the parotid orifice. It is composed on thin-walled ducts and tubulo-acini, containing mainly mucous cells, but scattered cap cells are also present. In @entity468 under @entity4486 anaesthesia there is a spontaneous @entity450 and often, in addition, there is a reflexly elicited component to the secretion. In fact, in contrast to the other major salivary glands, the zygomatic gland is easily made to secrete reflexly even in deep] anaesthesia, e.g. by pinching ipsilateral parts of the tongue, by stimulation of the oesophagus mimicking swallowing, or by afferent excitation of @entity5587 . The efferent link of the reflex arc is contained in the buccal branch of the mandibular nerve. Section of this nerve abolishes these reflexes, and two weeks later a great loss of acetylcholinesterase positive nerves can be demonstrated in the gland. Efferent stimulation of the buccal nerve evokes a lively secretion that is not affected by @entity4033 but is abolished by @entity3897 . Histochemically, adrenergic nerves are also found surrounding the acini and these nerves disappear after excision of the superior cervical ganglion. Electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk causes some secretion, mainly by way of beta 1-adrenoreceptors. Myoepithelial cells are present around the tubulo-acini, and indications of the effect caused by their contraction on the flow from the glands have been observed. Such activity can be induced reflexly and it is then abolished by cutting the buccal nerve or by injecting @entity3897 .

title: Functional and structural studies concerning the control of activity in zygomatic glands of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow of extremely viscous saliva']

entities_list: @entity5587 :: ('MESH:D020435', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral lingual, glossopharyngeal or vagal nerves']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Somatostatin receptor imaging with @entity14103 PET/CT (DOTATATE) is increasingly used for managing @entity1 with @entity5 . The objective of this study was to determine referring physicians' perspectives on the impact of DOTATATE on the management of @entity5 . METHODS: A set of 2 questionnaires (pre-PET and post-PET) was sent to the referring physicians of 100 consecutive @entity1 with known or suspected @entity5 , who were evaluated with DOTATATE. Questionnaires on 88 @entity1 were returned (response rate, 88%). Referring physicians categorized the DOTATATE findings on the basis of the written PET reports as negative, positive, or equivocal for disease. The likelihood for @entity3 was scored as low, moderate, or high. The intended management before and changes as a consequence of the PET study were indicated. RESULTS: The indications for PET/CT were initial and subsequent treatment strategy assessments in 14% and 86% of @entity1 , respectively. Referring physicians reported that DOTATATE led to a change in suspicion for @entity3 in 21 @entity1 (24%; increased and decreased suspicion in 9 [10%] and 12 [14%] @entity1 , respectively). Intended management changes were reported in 53 of 88 (60%) @entity1 . Twenty @entity1 (23%) scheduled to undergo chemotherapy were switched to treatments without chemotherapy, and 6 (7%) were switched from watch-and-wait to other treatment strategies. Conversely, 5 @entity1 (6%) were switched from their initial treatment strategy to watch-and-wait. CONCLUSION: This survey of referring physicians demonstrates a substantial impact of DOTATATE on the intended management of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Impact of XXXX PET/CT on the @entity5 : The Referring Physician's Perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity14103 :: (MESH:C513399,Chemical) :: ['68Ga-DOTATATE']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Somatostatin receptor imaging with @entity14103 PET/CT (DOTATATE) is increasingly used for managing @entity1 with @entity5 . The objective of this study was to determine referring physicians' perspectives on the impact of DOTATATE on the management of @entity5 . METHODS: A set of 2 questionnaires (pre-PET and post-PET) was sent to the referring physicians of 100 consecutive @entity1 with known or suspected @entity5 , who were evaluated with DOTATATE. Questionnaires on 88 @entity1 were returned (response rate, 88%). Referring physicians categorized the DOTATATE findings on the basis of the written PET reports as negative, positive, or equivocal for disease. The likelihood for @entity3 was scored as low, moderate, or high. The intended management before and changes as a consequence of the PET study were indicated. RESULTS: The indications for PET/CT were initial and subsequent treatment strategy assessments in 14% and 86% of @entity1 , respectively. Referring physicians reported that DOTATATE led to a change in suspicion for @entity3 in 21 @entity1 (24%; increased and decreased suspicion in 9 [10%] and 12 [14%] @entity1 , respectively). Intended management changes were reported in 53 of 88 (60%) @entity1 . Twenty @entity1 (23%) scheduled to undergo chemotherapy were switched to treatments without chemotherapy, and 6 (7%) were switched from watch-and-wait to other treatment strategies. Conversely, 5 @entity1 (6%) were switched from their initial treatment strategy to watch-and-wait. CONCLUSION: This survey of referring physicians demonstrates a substantial impact of DOTATATE on the intended management of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Impact of @entity14103 PET/CT on the XXXX : The Referring Physician's Perspective.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: Open fibrin gluing is reported to enable anatomical reconstruction with less soft tissue compromise than suture repair. Our main objective was to compare the complication rate, function, @entity158 and disability of the two operative approaches of percutaneous suture using the Paessler technique and open fibrin gluing. METHODS: Sixty-four @entity1 (two centres, retrospective cohort study, 2000-2009) who had undergone acute Achilles tendon repair with either percutaneous suture (n   =   27; 44  years) or open fibrin glue (n   =   37; 45  years) took part in a follow-up examination after a median of 63  months (range, six to 180). Ankle range of motion, @entity291 and ankle circumferences and return to work and sports activities were evaluated. Isokinetic und sonographic evaluation results were retrieved. RESULTS: Complications were noted in 22 @entity1 (34  %). Delayed @entity130 without evidence of @entity281 was found in three @entity1 in the fibrin group and two @entity1 in the suture group. @entity86 tenderness described as @entity158 at the rim of the shoe was significantly more frequent in the suture group (p   =   0.03). Re-rupture requiring re-operation occurred in one @entity1 . Transient @entity809 of the heel occurred in 12 @entity1 . No @entity66 were reported. There was no significant difference between groups regarding lower leg circumference, disability, or function. Ultrasound and isokinetic measurements did not reveal a significant difference between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that open fibrin gluing is a reasonable alternative to percutaneous repair of acute @entity397 and both techniques can yield reliably good results.

title: Is percutaneous suturing superior to open fibrin gluing in acute XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['sural nerve lesions']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures of the Achilles tendon']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative scar']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['wound healing']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Achilles tendon rupture']


abstract: A preparation for estimations of rates of secretion of @entity71470 ( @entity71470 ) in conscious @entity1237 is described. The procedure involved surgical isolation of a thyroid with its indwelling parathyroid gland, leaving the blood supply intact. Permanent access to the arterial and venous supplies of the preparation was secured by exteriorization of the jugular vein and carotid artery in skin-covered loops. The remaining parathyroids were removed leaving the isolated parathyroid gland as the only source of the hormone. For the seven @entity1237 operated on, the preparation has worked satisfactorily from the start in five and also in the remaining two after a reoperation to cut an accessory venous drainage. The loops have been catheterized repeatedly for extended periods of time and the preparation has proved useful for periods of up to 3 years. Secretion of @entity71470 was measured in one @entity1237 at two consecutive parturitions. In late pregnancy, secretion rates of 0.7-0.9 ng/kg per min were observed when the dietary @entity460 intake was adequate. In the first weeks of lactation, secretion increased to 1.2-1.5 ng/kg per min when the intake of @entity460 was adequate and to 2.0-2.2 ng/kg per min when @entity460 intake was inadequate. Reductions in @entity460 intake led to increased rates of secretion of @entity71470 both during pregnancy and during lactation. The results indicate that the preparation may be useful in the study of changes in @entity71470 secretion both acutely and in connection with long-term studies of dietary adaptations of the @entity460 metabolism.

title: A permanent preparation allowing measurements of secretion of @entity71470 in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: A preparation for estimations of rates of secretion of @entity71470 ( @entity71470 ) in conscious @entity1237 is described. The procedure involved surgical isolation of a thyroid with its indwelling parathyroid gland, leaving the blood supply intact. Permanent access to the arterial and venous supplies of the preparation was secured by exteriorization of the jugular vein and carotid artery in skin-covered loops. The remaining parathyroids were removed leaving the isolated parathyroid gland as the only source of the hormone. For the seven @entity1237 operated on, the preparation has worked satisfactorily from the start in five and also in the remaining two after a reoperation to cut an accessory venous drainage. The loops have been catheterized repeatedly for extended periods of time and the preparation has proved useful for periods of up to 3 years. Secretion of @entity71470 was measured in one @entity1237 at two consecutive parturitions. In late pregnancy, secretion rates of 0.7-0.9 ng/kg per min were observed when the dietary @entity460 intake was adequate. In the first weeks of lactation, secretion increased to 1.2-1.5 ng/kg per min when the intake of @entity460 was adequate and to 2.0-2.2 ng/kg per min when @entity460 intake was inadequate. Reductions in @entity460 intake led to increased rates of secretion of @entity71470 both during pregnancy and during lactation. The results indicate that the preparation may be useful in the study of changes in @entity71470 secretion both acutely and in connection with long-term studies of dietary adaptations of the @entity460 metabolism.

title: A permanent preparation allowing measurements of secretion of XXXX in conscious @entity1237 .

answer: @entity71470 :: (102168368,Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Venous problems are the most frequent causes of flap failure and surgical revision in free flap surgery. Double venous @entity254 can be used to improve flap drainage, but this procedure has not been adopted universally and remains controversial. The authors evaluated the benefits of double venous @entity254 in terms of @entity49 rate, surgical revision of flaps, and flap failure rate. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted searching the MEDLINE, PubMed Central, Cochrane, and Embase databases for articles published between 1996 and July of 2014. Data analysis consisted of evaluating the pooled relative risks of single and double venous anastomoses in fixed and random-effects models. RESULTS: The final analysis included 27 articles involving 6842 flaps. The overall success rate was 97.48 percent. @entity1211 was performed in 4591 flaps versus two anastomoses in 2251 flaps. The failure rate was 3.1 percent for single @entity254 versus 1.3 percent for double @entity254 (OR, 0.511; 95 percent CI, 0.349 to 0.747; p = 0.001). The respective @entity715 rates were 3.1 percent versus 2.3 percent (OR, 0.586; 95 percent CI, 0.390 to 0.880; p = 0.010). In addition, more single venous anastomoses were revised: 7.7 percent versus 6 percent (OR, 0.601; 95 percent CI, 0.469 to 0.770; p < 0.0001). Stratified analysis by flap type did not show any significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Although the physiologic mechanisms remain poorly understood, the data strongly support double venous @entity254 , considering the reduction in flap failure, microsurgical @entity49 , and surgical revision. The authors recommend double @entity254 whenever it is feasible in free flap surgery. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

title: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double XXXX in Free Flaps.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Single venous anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Venous Anastomosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Immunotherapy is a standard of care for @entity1 with high-risk @entity521 , where bone marrow (BM) is the predominant metastatic site. Early response markers of @entity41 ( @entity41 ) in the BM that are also predictive of survival could help individualize @entity1 therapies. @entity1 AND METHODS: After achieving first remission (n = 163), primary @entity66 (n = 102), or second remission (n = 95), @entity1 with stage 4 @entity521 received anti-GD2 3F8 antibody immunotherapy. BM @entity41 before 3F8 treatment and after cycle 2 (postMRD) was measured using a four-marker panel ( @entity71471 , @entity15601 , @entity4910 , and @entity15866 ) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic variables were tested in both univariable and multivariable analyses, and @entity41 markers were further assessed individually and in combination as binary composite (postMRD: 0 and 1) and as equal sum (postMRDSum: 0 to 4) using the Cox regression models, and their predictive accuracy was determined by the concordance index. RESULTS: When BM was evaluated after cycle 2, individual markers were highly predictive of PFS and @entity1349 . The prediction accuracy improved when they were combined in postMRDSum. A multivariable model taking into account all the variables significant in the univariable analyses identified postMRDSum to be independently predictive of PFS and @entity1349 . When the model for @entity1349 also included missing killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand, human antimouse antibody response, and the enrollment disease status, the concordance index was 0.704. CONCLUSION: BM @entity41 after two cycles of immunotherapy was confirmed as an early response marker and a consistent independent predictor of survival.

title: Bone Marrow Minimal XXXX Was an Early Response Marker and a Consistent Independent Predictor of Survival After Anti-GD2 Immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Residual Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: @entity1545 ( @entity1545 ) frequently results in @entity2414 causing significant disabilities in daily life and is therefore a critical target for cognitive rehabilitation. Current understanding of brain plasticity has led to novel insights in remediation-oriented approaches for the rehabilitation of @entity2414 . We will describe 3 of these approaches that have emerged in the last decade: Virtual Reality (VR) training, Computer-Based Cognitive Retraining (CBCR) and @entity1313 ( @entity1313 ) and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: A systematic literature search was completed in regard to studies evaluating interventions aiming to improve the memory function after @entity1545 . Information concerning study content and reported effectiveness were extracted. Quality of the studies and methods were evaluated. Results: A total of 786 studies were identified, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three of those studies represent the VR technique, 7 studies represent CBCR and 5 studies @entity1313 . All 3 studies found a significant improvement of the memory function after VR-based training, however these studies are considered preliminary. All 7 studies have shown that CBCR can be effective in improving memory function in @entity1 suffering from @entity1545 . Four studies of the 5 did not find significant improvement of the memory function after the use of @entity1313 in @entity1545 @entity1 . Conclusion: On the basis of this review, CBCR is considered the most promising novel approach of the last decade because of the positive results in improving memory function post @entity1545 . The number of studies representing VR were limited and the methodological quality low, therefore the results should be considered preliminary. The studies representing @entity1313 did not detect evidence for the use of @entity1313 in improving memory function.

title: Novel insights into the rehabilitation of memory post acquired XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Acquired Brain Injury', 'ABI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits', 'memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['NBS', 'Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prospective randomized data for comparison of endoscopic and open decompression methods are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To compare the long- and short-term results of endoscopic and open decompression in @entity7769 . METHODS: In a prospective randomized double-blind study, 54 @entity1 underwent ulnar nerve decompression for 56 @entity7769 from October 2008 to April 2011. All @entity1 presented with typical clinical and neurophysiological findings and underwent preoperative nerve ultrasonography. They were randomized for either endoscopic (n = 29) or open (n = 27) surgery. Both @entity1 and the physician performing the follow-up examinations were blinded. The follow-up took place 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The severity of symptoms was measured by McGowan and Dellon Score, and the clinical outcome by modified Bishop Score. Additionally, the neurophysiological data were evaluated. RESULTS: No differences were found regarding clinical or neurophysiological outcome in both early and late follow-up between both groups. @entity1410 were more frequent after endoscopic decompression (P = .05). The most frequent constrictions were found at the @entity1795 ( @entity1795 ) arch and the retrocondylar retinaculum. We found no compressing structures more than 4 cm distal from the sulcus in the endoscopic group. The outcome was classified as "good" or "excellent" in 46 out of 56 @entity1 (82.1%). Eight @entity1 did not improve sufficiently or had a relapse and underwent a second surgery. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic technique showed no additional benefits to open surgery. We could not detect relevant compressions distal to the @entity1795 arch. Therefore, an extensive far distal endoscopic decompression is not routinely required. The open decompression remains the procedure of choice at our institution. ABBREVIATION: Dig, digitFCU, flexor carpi ulnarisNAS, numeric analog scale.

title: Endoscopic vs Open Decompression of the Ulnar Nerve in XXXX : A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study.

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['cubital tunnel syndromes', 'cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['Hematomas']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['flexor carpi ulnaris', 'FCU']

answer: @entity7769 :: (MESH:D020430,Disease) :: ['Cubital Tunnel Syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 , @entity1295 is rated as one of the most common and disabling symptoms. However, the pathophysiology underlying this @entity1295 is not yet clear. Several lines of evidence suggest that immunological factors, such as elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, may contribute to subjective @entity1295 in @entity15 @entity1 . Pro-inflammatory cytokines represent primary mediators of immune-to-brain-communication, modulating changes in the neurophysiology of the central nervous system. Recently, we proposed a model arguing that @entity1295 in @entity15 @entity1 is a subjective feeling, which is related to @entity32 . Moreover, it implies that @entity1295 can be measured behaviorally only by applying specific cognitive tasks related to alertness and vigilance. In the present review, we focus on the subjective feeling of @entity15 -related @entity1295 . We examine the hypothesis that the subjective feeling of @entity15 -related @entity1295 may be a variant of @entity32 -induced @entity146 , resulting from cytokine-mediated activity changes within brain areas involved in interoception and homeostasis including the insula, the anterior cingulate, and the hypothalamus. We first present studies demonstrating a relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and subjective @entity1295 in healthy individuals, in @entity1 with @entity32 , and particularly in @entity15 @entity1 . Subsequently, we discuss studies analyzing the impact of anti-inflammatory treatment on @entity1295 . In the next part of this review, we present studies on the transmission and neural representation of inflammatory signals, with a special focus on possible neural concomitants of @entity32 -induced @entity1295 . We also present two of our studies on the relationship between local gray and @entity62 and @entity1295 in @entity15 @entity1 . Finally, we discuss some implications of our findings and future perspectives.

title: The Representation of Inflammatory Signals in the Brain - A Model for Subjective Fatigue in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sickness behavior']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter atrophy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: @entity245 ( @entity245 ) refers to how rapidly an individual devalues goods based on delays to receipt. @entity245 usually is considered a trait variable but can be state dependent, yet few studies have assessed commodity valuation at short, naturalistically relevant time intervals that might enable state-dependent analysis. This study aimed to determine whether @entity734 and intelligence influence @entity4521 @entity245 at short (ecologically relevant) delays during two pharmacological states ( @entity4521 satiation and withdrawal). Out-of-treatment, intensive @entity4521 users (n = 170; 53.5% African American; 66.7% male) provided complete @entity245 data during imagined @entity4521 satiation and withdrawal. Delays were 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours; maximum delayed @entity4521 amount was thirty  10 bags. Indifference points were used to calculate area under the curve (AUC). We also assessed @entity734 (subscales from the Impulsive Relapse Questionnaire [IRQ]) and estimated intelligence (Shipley IQ) as predictors of @entity245 . @entity4521 discounting was greater (smaller AUC) during withdrawal than satiation. In regression analyses, lower intelligence and IRQ Capacity for Delay as well as higher IRQ Speed (to return to drug use) predicted greater @entity4521 discounting in the satiation condition. Lower intelligence and higher IRQ Speed predicted greater discounting in the @entity3347 . Sex, race, substance use variables, and other IRQ subscales were not significantly related to the withdrawal or satiation @entity245 behavior. In summary, @entity4521 discounting was temporally rapid, pharmacologically state dependent, and predicted by @entity734 and estimated intelligence. These findings highlight a novel and sensitive measure of acute @entity245 that is easy to administer. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: @entity4521 delay discounting: Modulation by pharmacological state, XXXX , and intelligence.

entities_list: @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['Heroin', 'heroin']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Delay discounting', 'DD']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug-use impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal condition']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug-use impulsivity']


abstract: @entity245 ( @entity245 ) refers to how rapidly an individual devalues goods based on delays to receipt. @entity245 usually is considered a trait variable but can be state dependent, yet few studies have assessed commodity valuation at short, naturalistically relevant time intervals that might enable state-dependent analysis. This study aimed to determine whether @entity734 and intelligence influence @entity4521 @entity245 at short (ecologically relevant) delays during two pharmacological states ( @entity4521 satiation and withdrawal). Out-of-treatment, intensive @entity4521 users (n = 170; 53.5% African American; 66.7% male) provided complete @entity245 data during imagined @entity4521 satiation and withdrawal. Delays were 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours; maximum delayed @entity4521 amount was thirty  10 bags. Indifference points were used to calculate area under the curve (AUC). We also assessed @entity734 (subscales from the Impulsive Relapse Questionnaire [IRQ]) and estimated intelligence (Shipley IQ) as predictors of @entity245 . @entity4521 discounting was greater (smaller AUC) during withdrawal than satiation. In regression analyses, lower intelligence and IRQ Capacity for Delay as well as higher IRQ Speed (to return to drug use) predicted greater @entity4521 discounting in the satiation condition. Lower intelligence and higher IRQ Speed predicted greater discounting in the @entity3347 . Sex, race, substance use variables, and other IRQ subscales were not significantly related to the withdrawal or satiation @entity245 behavior. In summary, @entity4521 discounting was temporally rapid, pharmacologically state dependent, and predicted by @entity734 and estimated intelligence. These findings highlight a novel and sensitive measure of acute @entity245 that is easy to administer. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: XXXX delay discounting: Modulation by pharmacological state, @entity734 , and intelligence.

answer: @entity4521 :: (MESH:D003932,Chemical) :: ['Heroin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mutations of the @entity1 @entity4396 gene are an extremely rare cause of normosmic idiopathic @entity6126 (nIHH), with only 6 mutations so far described. @entity1 : As part of a larger study, families with @entity12107 were screened for mutations in genes known to be associated with @entity12107 . In family 1, a 15-year and 9-month-old @entity1 first presented during infancy with @entity18272 and @entity246 . His pubic and axillary hair is at stage 4 and 2, respectively. His testes are 1 ml bilaterally, and his stretched penile length is 3.6 cm. In family 2, a 19-year and 2-month-old @entity1 was referred because of absence of secondary sexual characteristics. His 13-year and 8-month-old sister did not have any breast development. RESULTS: In 3 @entity1 from 2 independent families we identified @entity4396 mutations. In the proband from family 1, a homozygous 1-base deletion ( @entity71472 ) leading to a frameshift mutation (p.G29GfsX12) was identified. In family 2, the affected siblings had a novel homozygous mutation of @entity71473 leading to @entity58132 . CONCLUSION: Both mutations in these families are located in the region encoding the decapeptide and in the loci where the mutations have been described before. Therefore, these areas can be considered as mutational hot spots, indicating priority for routine diagnostic gene mutation analysis.

title: Complete @entity12107 due to Homozygous XXXX Mutations in the Mutational Hot Spots in the Region Encoding the Decapeptide.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'boy', 'man']

entities_list: @entity58132 :: ('p|SUB|R|31|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.R31H']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity18272 :: ('MESH:C536649', 'Disease') :: ['micropenis']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

answer: @entity4396 :: (2796,Gene) :: ['GNRH1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mutations of the @entity1 @entity4396 gene are an extremely rare cause of normosmic idiopathic @entity6126 (nIHH), with only 6 mutations so far described. @entity1 : As part of a larger study, families with @entity12107 were screened for mutations in genes known to be associated with @entity12107 . In family 1, a 15-year and 9-month-old @entity1 first presented during infancy with @entity18272 and @entity246 . His pubic and axillary hair is at stage 4 and 2, respectively. His testes are 1 ml bilaterally, and his stretched penile length is 3.6 cm. In family 2, a 19-year and 2-month-old @entity1 was referred because of absence of secondary sexual characteristics. His 13-year and 8-month-old sister did not have any breast development. RESULTS: In 3 @entity1 from 2 independent families we identified @entity4396 mutations. In the proband from family 1, a homozygous 1-base deletion ( @entity71472 ) leading to a frameshift mutation (p.G29GfsX12) was identified. In family 2, the affected siblings had a novel homozygous mutation of @entity71473 leading to @entity58132 . CONCLUSION: Both mutations in these families are located in the region encoding the decapeptide and in the loci where the mutations have been described before. Therefore, these areas can be considered as mutational hot spots, indicating priority for routine diagnostic gene mutation analysis.

title: Complete XXXX due to Homozygous @entity4396 Mutations in the Mutational Hot Spots in the Region Encoding the Decapeptide.

answer: @entity12107 :: (MESH:C562785,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism']


abstract: We examined the effect of left atrial @entity101 on lung fluid and protein exchange in acutely prepared anesthetized @entity742 . The results were compared with those reported by Erdmann jet al. (Circ. Res. 37:271-284, 1975) in chronically instrumented conscious @entity742 . Animals were anesthetized with @entity1508 and efferent duct of the caudal mediastinal node was cannulated. Pulmonary microvascular pressure ( @entity22844 ) was elevated by raising left atrial pressure with a left @entity661 . For every elevation in @entity22844 of 1 cm @entity2507 pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) increased by 0.5 ml/h. Increasing the @entity22844 resulted in a linear decrease (p less than 0.05) in the ratio of lymph to plasma protein concentration as a result of a significant reduction in lymph protein concentration. Transvascular clearance of lymph proteins increased by 39% with a doubling of Qlym. The steady-state changes in pulmonary fluid and protein exchange induced by an increase in @entity22844 in acutely prepared anesthetized @entity742 were the same as those observed by Erdmann et al. in chronically instrumented unanesthetized @entity742 , indicating that the acute preparation is equally reactive to increase in @entity22844 and that the lung endothelial permeability is not increased.

title: Lung fluid and protein exchange in the acute XXXX preparation.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['atrial balloon']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the end of 2009, a large number of @entity1 with @entity5 undergoing chemotherapy at the day care unit of a private hospital in Mumbai, India developed @entity6402 complex (BCC) blood stream infection (BSI). OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to identify the source of the outbreak and terminate the outbreak as rapidly as possible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All infection control protocols and processes were reviewed. Intensive training was started for all nursing staff involved in @entity1 care. Cultures were sent from the environment (surfaces, water, air), intravenous fluids, disinfectants and antiseptics and opened/unopened medication. RESULTS: A total of 13 @entity1 with @entity5 with tunneled catheters were affected with BCC BSI. The isolates were of similar antimicrobial sensitivity. No significant @entity281 control protocols could be identified. Cultures from the prepared intravenous medication bags grew BCC. Subsequently, culture from unused vials of the antiemetic granisetron grew BCC, whereas those from the unopened IV fluid bag and chemotherapy medication were negative. On review, it was discovered that the outbreak started when a new brand of granisetron was introduced. The result was communicated to the manufacturer and the brand was withdrawn. There were no further cases. CONCLUSIONS: This outbreak was thus linked to intrinsic contamination of medication vials. We acknowledge a delay in identifying the source as we were concentrating more on @entity1 errors in medication preparation and less on intrinsic contamination. We recommend that in an event of an outbreak, unopened vials be cultured at the outset.

title: Outbreak of XXXX complex bacteremia in a chemotherapy day care unit due to intrinsic contamination of an antiemetic drug.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['breach of infection']

entities_list: @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia cepacia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity6402 :: (292,Species) :: ['Burkholderia cepacia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity282 scores and assess efficacy between an adjustable single-incision sling and a standard transobturator sling for stress @entity322 (SUI). METHODS: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial involved 156 @entity1 with clinically proven SUI. @entity1 were allocated to receive either an adjustable single-incision or a transobturator sling. The primary outcome was @entity282 score on a visual analog scale. Secondary outcomes were objective and subjective cure rates at 12 months, symptom bother scores, quality of life, and complications. RESULTS: The mean @entity158 score in the first week postoperatively was significantly lower at all time points in the adjustable single-incision sling group compared with the transobturator sling group. Maximum difference in @entity158 score was reported on the evening of the day of surgery; median @entity158 score was 1.0 (interquartile range 2.0) in the adjustable sling group and 3.0 (interquartile range 4.5) in the transobturator sling group (Mann Whitney U test P<.001). There was no statistical difference in analgesic use. The objective cure rates in the adjustable single-incision sling and in the transobturator sling group were 90.8% and 88.6% (P=.760), and the subjective cure rates were 77.2% and 72.9% (P=.577), respectively. No difference in the complication rate was found. CONCLUSION: An adjustable single-incision sling for the treatment of SUI is associated with lower early @entity282 scores but shows comparable cure rates with a transobturator at 12 months of follow-up. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register, http://www.trialregister.nl, NTR: 2558. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : I.

title: XXXX after adjustable single-incision or transobturator sling for @entity322 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity282 scores and assess efficacy between an adjustable single-incision sling and a standard transobturator sling for stress @entity322 (SUI). METHODS: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial involved 156 @entity1 with clinically proven SUI. @entity1 were allocated to receive either an adjustable single-incision or a transobturator sling. The primary outcome was @entity282 score on a visual analog scale. Secondary outcomes were objective and subjective cure rates at 12 months, symptom bother scores, quality of life, and complications. RESULTS: The mean @entity158 score in the first week postoperatively was significantly lower at all time points in the adjustable single-incision sling group compared with the transobturator sling group. Maximum difference in @entity158 score was reported on the evening of the day of surgery; median @entity158 score was 1.0 (interquartile range 2.0) in the adjustable sling group and 3.0 (interquartile range 4.5) in the transobturator sling group (Mann Whitney U test P<.001). There was no statistical difference in analgesic use. The objective cure rates in the adjustable single-incision sling and in the transobturator sling group were 90.8% and 88.6% (P=.760), and the subjective cure rates were 77.2% and 72.9% (P=.577), respectively. No difference in the complication rate was found. CONCLUSION: An adjustable single-incision sling for the treatment of SUI is associated with lower early @entity282 scores but shows comparable cure rates with a transobturator at 12 months of follow-up. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register, http://www.trialregister.nl, NTR: 2558. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : I.

title: @entity282 after adjustable single-incision or transobturator sling for XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of critically ill pregnant and postpartum @entity1 with @entity281 reported in the 2013-2014 season. METHODS: The California Department of Public Health conducts surveillance for @entity1 with laboratory-confirmed @entity683 who die or require hospitalization in intensive care units. For this case series, we reviewed data on pregnant and postpartum (6 weeks or less from delivery) @entity1 reported in the 2013-2014 @entity683 season. RESULTS: From September 29, 2013, through May 17, 2014, 17 pregnant @entity1 with severe @entity683 were reported. The median age was 29 years (range 17-44 years). Sixteen (94%) were in the second or third trimester. Fifteen (88%) @entity1 were hospitalized, nine (53%) required mechanical ventilation, five (29%) required emergent cesarean delivery, and four (24%) died. Of 14 @entity1 with available information, only two (14%) received @entity683 vaccination during pregnancy. Seven @entity1 who tested positive by polymerase chain reaction also had rapid @entity683 diagnostic testing performed; only one (14%) had a positive rapid @entity683 diagnostic test results. Fifteen patients received antiviral treatment; four (27%) began treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset. One additional @entity1 was 36 days postpartum and required intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation for @entity683 -associated acute @entity649 . CONCLUSION: Influenza remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant and postpartum @entity1 ; in our series, a majority were not vaccinated. During the @entity683 season, pregnant @entity1 with suspected @entity683 should receive prompt empiric antiviral therapy, regardless of rapid @entity683 diagnostic test results or vaccination status. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : III.

title: Pregnancy and severe @entity281 in the 2013-2014 XXXX season.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of critically ill pregnant and postpartum @entity1 with @entity281 reported in the 2013-2014 season. METHODS: The California Department of Public Health conducts surveillance for @entity1 with laboratory-confirmed @entity683 who die or require hospitalization in intensive care units. For this case series, we reviewed data on pregnant and postpartum (6 weeks or less from delivery) @entity1 reported in the 2013-2014 @entity683 season. RESULTS: From September 29, 2013, through May 17, 2014, 17 pregnant @entity1 with severe @entity683 were reported. The median age was 29 years (range 17-44 years). Sixteen (94%) were in the second or third trimester. Fifteen (88%) @entity1 were hospitalized, nine (53%) required mechanical ventilation, five (29%) required emergent cesarean delivery, and four (24%) died. Of 14 @entity1 with available information, only two (14%) received @entity683 vaccination during pregnancy. Seven @entity1 who tested positive by polymerase chain reaction also had rapid @entity683 diagnostic testing performed; only one (14%) had a positive rapid @entity683 diagnostic test results. Fifteen patients received antiviral treatment; four (27%) began treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset. One additional @entity1 was 36 days postpartum and required intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation for @entity683 -associated acute @entity649 . CONCLUSION: Influenza remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant and postpartum @entity1 ; in our series, a majority were not vaccinated. During the @entity683 season, pregnant @entity1 with suspected @entity683 should receive prompt empiric antiviral therapy, regardless of rapid @entity683 diagnostic test results or vaccination status. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : III.

title: Pregnancy and severe XXXX in the 2013-2014 @entity683 season.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['influenza infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Activity-induced @entity921 -dependent MRI (AIM-MRI) is a powerful tool to track system-wide neural activity using high resolution, quantitative T1-weighted MRI in animal models and has significant advantages for investigating neural activity over other modalities including BOLD fMRI. With AIM-MRI, @entity3281 ions enter neurons via voltage-gated @entity460 channels preferentially active during the time of experimental exposure. A broad range of AIM-MRI studies using different species studying different phenomena have been performed, but few of these studies provide a systematic evaluation of the factors influencing the detection of @entity3281 such as dosage and the temporal characteristics of @entity3281 uptake. We identified an optimal dose of @entity3281 (25mg/kg, s.c.) in order to characterize the time-course of @entity3281 accumulation in active neural regions in the @entity95 . T1-weighted MRI and functional MRI were collected 0-3, 6-9, and 24-27h post- @entity3281 injection while the vibrissae on the right side were vibrated. Significant BOLD activation in the left somatosensory (SS) cortex and left ventral posteromedial (VPM) thalamic nucleus was detected during whisker vibration. T1-weighted signal intensities were extracted from these regions, their corresponding contralateral regions and the visual cortex (to serve as controls). A significant elevation in T1-weighted signal intensity in the left SS cortex (relative to right) was evident 6-9 and 24-27h post- @entity3281 injection while the left VPM thalamus showed a significant enhancement (relative to the right) only during the 24-27h session. Visual cortex showed no hemispheric difference at any timepoint. Our results suggest that studies employing AIM-MRI would benefit by conducting experimental manipulations 6-24h after subcutaneous @entity13718 injections to optimize the concentration of contrast agent in the regions active during the exposure.

title: Activity-induced @entity921 -dependent MRI (AIM-MRI) and functional MRI in awake XXXX during somatosensory stimulation.

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Activity-induced @entity921 -dependent MRI (AIM-MRI) is a powerful tool to track system-wide neural activity using high resolution, quantitative T1-weighted MRI in animal models and has significant advantages for investigating neural activity over other modalities including BOLD fMRI. With AIM-MRI, @entity3281 ions enter neurons via voltage-gated @entity460 channels preferentially active during the time of experimental exposure. A broad range of AIM-MRI studies using different species studying different phenomena have been performed, but few of these studies provide a systematic evaluation of the factors influencing the detection of @entity3281 such as dosage and the temporal characteristics of @entity3281 uptake. We identified an optimal dose of @entity3281 (25mg/kg, s.c.) in order to characterize the time-course of @entity3281 accumulation in active neural regions in the @entity95 . T1-weighted MRI and functional MRI were collected 0-3, 6-9, and 24-27h post- @entity3281 injection while the vibrissae on the right side were vibrated. Significant BOLD activation in the left somatosensory (SS) cortex and left ventral posteromedial (VPM) thalamic nucleus was detected during whisker vibration. T1-weighted signal intensities were extracted from these regions, their corresponding contralateral regions and the visual cortex (to serve as controls). A significant elevation in T1-weighted signal intensity in the left SS cortex (relative to right) was evident 6-9 and 24-27h post- @entity3281 injection while the left VPM thalamus showed a significant enhancement (relative to the right) only during the 24-27h session. Visual cortex showed no hemispheric difference at any timepoint. Our results suggest that studies employing AIM-MRI would benefit by conducting experimental manipulations 6-24h after subcutaneous @entity13718 injections to optimize the concentration of contrast agent in the regions active during the exposure.

title: Activity-induced XXXX -dependent MRI (AIM-MRI) and functional MRI in awake @entity95 during somatosensory stimulation.

answer: @entity921 :: (MESH:D008345,Chemical) :: ['manganese']