abstract: We performed a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects of long-term treatment of inhaled @entity4184 and @entity4183 on @entity6587 in 17 @entity1 with @entity56 . Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks with a placebo-treatment period before and after each active-treatment period. To assess @entity6587 , standardized inhalation provocation tests with @entity112 and @entity1169 were performed every 2 weeks. Before each inhalation provocation the drugs were withheld for at least 12 hours. Before the @entity4184 treatment the FEV1 value (percent predicted) was 85.3 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with this drug, the value increased significantly to 89.4 +/- 4.1% and 96.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005). The @entity112 provocation concentrations causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) on the same days were 4.0, 7.2, and 9.5 mg/ml, respectively (both p less than 0.001). The PC20 values for @entity1169 , which were measured 1 hour after the @entity112 provocation, were 11.7, 13.3, and 14.0 mg/ml (ns). The FEV1 values before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with @entity4183 were 86.2 +/- 4.0%, 84.8 +/- 4.1%, and 87.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively. The @entity112 PC20 values on the same days were 4.7, 3.1 (p less than 0.05), and 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The @entity1169 PC20 values were 14.2, 8.7, and 10.1 mg/ml (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively. We conclude that @entity4184 improves @entity6587 , possibly by a dampening of late @entity56 , whereas treatment with @entity4183 may lead to a temporary increase of @entity6587 , possibly as a result of beta-receptor desensitization.

title: Changes in @entity6587 induced by 4 weeks of treatment with antiasthmatic drugs in XXXX with @entity56 : a comparison between @entity4184 and @entity4183 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity7130 (Dp) is the major allergen in @entity56 in France. Standardized and lyophilized Dp extracts are available, and their effectiveness after a short course of rush immunotherapy was examined in a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Twenty @entity1 received the Dp standardized extract, and 10 other @entity1 received a placebo extract. Before and 7 weeks after rush immunotherapy, in vivo and in vitro parameters were examined. Bronchial provocation tests performed in a standardized manner demonstrated that a provocative dose causing a 20% fall in FEV1, a 25% fall in maximum mild expiratory flow rate, a 25% fall in maximum flow when 50% of the forced vital capacity has been expired, and a 35% fall in specific airway conductance were significantly (p less than 0.005 to p less than 0.01, Wilcoxon W test) improved in the treated group and remained unchanged in the placebo group. Skin test titration demonstrated that @entity1 placed in the treated group had a significant (p less than 0.001, Wilcoxon W test) decrease of both end point titer and size of the largest wheal. No significant difference was observed in the placebo group. Serum Dp-IgE did not vary significantly in either group. Serum Dp antigen P1-IgG was significantly (p less than 0.001, Wilcoxon W test) increased in the treated group and slightly increased in the placebo-treated group. This study demonstrated that a Dp standardized extract administered by a rush protocol elicits a rapid and significant immune response and leads to a significant protection of the @entity1 .

title: Immunotherapy with a standardized XXXX extract. I. In vivo and in vitro parameters after a short course of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

answer: @entity7130 :: (6956,Species) :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']


abstract: Four @entity1 with @entity6017 were recently seen with gastrointestinal perforations. The sites of perforation in the four cases were: (1) the duodenum, esophagus, and colon; (2) the duodenum; (3) the distal stomach; and (4) the traverse colon. The gastric and transverse colon perforations were intraperitoneal and easily diagnosed. The gastric perforation was treated successfully by partial gastrectomy. The @entity1 with the colon perforation underwent exteriorization; @entity204 occurred from cerebral complications possibly related to @entity1333 . Both duodenal perforations were posterior in the distal descending portion. Enzymatic dissection into the right lower quadrant produced confusing clinical and radiographic signs and @entity39 . Successful treatment was obtained by partial gastrectomy, sump drainage of the perforation, and parenteral nutrition. @entity344 is a well-recognized complication of @entity1333 in @entity6017 . In particular, perforations of the distal duodenum, as reported by others, are associated with delay in diagnosis and high mortality.

title: Diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal perforations in XXXX with particular reference to perforations of the duodenum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'childhood dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['extensive retroperitoneal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal perforation']

answer: @entity6017 :: (MESH:D003882,Disease) :: ['childhood dermatomyositis']


abstract: 1. In experiments to determine the type of intra-cardiac receptors which cause the @entity1563 reflex, recordings were made from sixty-nine single and small multi-fibre preparations of cardiac vagal afferents in open-chest anaesthetized @entity235 .2. Thirty-two fibres were stimulated by occlusion of the coronary sinus outflow through an indwelling Morawitz cannula. No receptors were stimulated during occlusions at peak systolic coronary venous pressures below the threshold for reflex @entity65 . At higher pressures, fibre recruitment and further increases in stimulated discharge were demonstrated.3. The afferent endings of twenty-nine of these fibres were mechanically localized to the epicardium and myocardium of the left ventricle. Three were in the right ventricle. Seventeen single fibres discharged spontaneously at an average of 0.9 impulses/sec. There was cardiac modulation of both resting and stimulated discharge, with most action potentials in systole. Seven of eight fibres conducted at less than 1.0 m/sec.4. These ventricular receptors and a further twenty-two otherwise like them but not stimulated by occlusions were designated epi-myocardial receptors.5. 73% of receptors were stimulated by intrapericardial @entity1239 (50-100 mug). Presumptively superficial receptors were more sensitive to this stimulus.6. Epi-myocardial receptors were stimulated by intravenous or intracoronary @entity2661 , by electrical stimulation of cardiac sympathetic nerves, and by eliciting the carotid sinus occlusion reflex. @entity432 stimulated 66% of fibres tested, but was a less effective stimulus. After all these stimuli, there was a systolic modulation of discharge in more than 70% of fibres.7. It was concluded that the epi-myocardial receptors are similar to those previously shown to cause the epicardial chemoreflex, and to participate in the coronary chemoreflex. It is suggested that they are responsive to systolic mechanical changes which are accentuated by @entity2661 . Their possible effectiveness in other cardiac reflexes and in initiating circulatory changes at the beginning of exercise and the @entity907 is discussed.

title: Action potentials from ventricular mechanoreceptors stimulated by occlusion of the coronary sinus in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary sinus occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular depression']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adjuvant local-regional radiotherapy (LRRT) is routinely recommended for @entity0 @entity1 . It is well known being related to pulmonary side-effects. We studied post-RT radiological changes on X-ray and CT, and correlated the findings with Quality of Life (QoL), common dosimetric factors and co-variates. The results were compared with a previously reported cohort of 137 irradiated @entity1 . METHODS: 88 @entity1 underwent chest X-ray and CT pre-and 4-5 months after 3-D planned LRRT, minimizing the dose to the ipsilateral lung to V       < 30%. The lung field was divided into 3 regions and the development of post-RT density changes were graded (0-3). @entity1 with radiological changes were compared with non-responders. Clinical symptoms were registered and data on @entity1 and treatment related co-variates were gathered prospectively. The ipsilateral lung dosimetric factors V      , V      , V       and mean dose were calculated and QoL was assessed before and 4 months after RT. RESULTS: The use of dose-volume constraints significally reduced moderate-severe radiological changes on chest X-ray compared with our earlier study (Chi square trend test: p < 0.001). Symptomatic @entity55 was also rare in the present study. No agreement was found between CT and chest X-ray as diagnostic tools for post-RT @entity55 . @entity34176 correlated independently with radiological changes on CT (logistic regression: p = 0.04; ROC area: 0.7). The Co-variates smoking habits, age, chemotherapy, endocrine or trastuzumab therapy did not influence the outcome on multivariate analysis. QoL changes in physical function, i.e. fatigue, dyspnoea were not detected but there was a trend for a worse recovery after chemotherapy in @entity1 with high @entity34176 (Spearman Rank Correlation: p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of dose-volume constraints significantly reduced post-RT radiological changes on chest X-ray in LRRT for BC. The lung changes on CT were also generally limited when we used this strategy and was not always picked up on chest X-ray. Variation in V       alone was correlated with occurrence of lung changes on CT.

title: Reduction of radiation @entity55 by V20-constraints in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adjuvant local-regional radiotherapy (LRRT) is routinely recommended for @entity0 @entity1 . It is well known being related to pulmonary side-effects. We studied post-RT radiological changes on X-ray and CT, and correlated the findings with Quality of Life (QoL), common dosimetric factors and co-variates. The results were compared with a previously reported cohort of 137 irradiated @entity1 . METHODS: 88 @entity1 underwent chest X-ray and CT pre-and 4-5 months after 3-D planned LRRT, minimizing the dose to the ipsilateral lung to V       < 30%. The lung field was divided into 3 regions and the development of post-RT density changes were graded (0-3). @entity1 with radiological changes were compared with non-responders. Clinical symptoms were registered and data on @entity1 and treatment related co-variates were gathered prospectively. The ipsilateral lung dosimetric factors V      , V      , V       and mean dose were calculated and QoL was assessed before and 4 months after RT. RESULTS: The use of dose-volume constraints significally reduced moderate-severe radiological changes on chest X-ray compared with our earlier study (Chi square trend test: p < 0.001). Symptomatic @entity55 was also rare in the present study. No agreement was found between CT and chest X-ray as diagnostic tools for post-RT @entity55 . @entity34176 correlated independently with radiological changes on CT (logistic regression: p = 0.04; ROC area: 0.7). The Co-variates smoking habits, age, chemotherapy, endocrine or trastuzumab therapy did not influence the outcome on multivariate analysis. QoL changes in physical function, i.e. fatigue, dyspnoea were not detected but there was a trend for a worse recovery after chemotherapy in @entity1 with high @entity34176 (Spearman Rank Correlation: p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of dose-volume constraints significantly reduced post-RT radiological changes on chest X-ray in LRRT for BC. The lung changes on CT were also generally limited when we used this strategy and was not always picked up on chest X-ray. Variation in V       alone was correlated with occurrence of lung changes on CT.

title: Reduction of radiation XXXX by V20-constraints in @entity0 .

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonitis']


abstract: The association of @entity280 is well recognized. However, the most appropriate surgical approach in @entity1 with @entity280 and @entity703 remains controversial. We examine this controversy and report on our experience. Our cohort consisted of 28 affected members of three @entity280 kindreds. Screening of these individuals consisted of an abdominal ultrasound (US) in their early teens and a baseline computerized axial tomography (CT) scan in their late teens. To date, nine @entity1 have been found to have @entity1358 . In three of these @entity1 , the surgical specimen revealed multiple small foci of "clear cells" characteristic of @entity1358 that had not been detected by careful radiological assessment prior to surgery. In two @entity1 , these lesions were located at the opposite pole from the radiologically-detected @entity5 . Nephron-sparing surgery, therefore, risks leaving potential @entity5 that may be responsible for mortality. Conversely, radical procedures condemn a @entity1 to life-long dialysis and/or transplantation with associated risk and morbidity. The potential for the metachronous emergence of @entity1358 , however, justifies efforts to preserve normal tissue in @entity1 harboring radiologically-detected lesions; however, we need to know with some certainty the natural history of the correct management of this disorder.

title: XXXX in @entity280 : another piece of the puzzle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau disease and renal call carcinoma', 'von Hippel-Lindau', 'von Hippel-Lindau disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The association of @entity280 is well recognized. However, the most appropriate surgical approach in @entity1 with @entity280 and @entity703 remains controversial. We examine this controversy and report on our experience. Our cohort consisted of 28 affected members of three @entity280 kindreds. Screening of these individuals consisted of an abdominal ultrasound (US) in their early teens and a baseline computerized axial tomography (CT) scan in their late teens. To date, nine @entity1 have been found to have @entity1358 . In three of these @entity1 , the surgical specimen revealed multiple small foci of "clear cells" characteristic of @entity1358 that had not been detected by careful radiological assessment prior to surgery. In two @entity1 , these lesions were located at the opposite pole from the radiologically-detected @entity5 . Nephron-sparing surgery, therefore, risks leaving potential @entity5 that may be responsible for mortality. Conversely, radical procedures condemn a @entity1 to life-long dialysis and/or transplantation with associated risk and morbidity. The potential for the metachronous emergence of @entity1358 , however, justifies efforts to preserve normal tissue in @entity1 harboring radiologically-detected lesions; however, we need to know with some certainty the natural history of the correct management of this disorder.

title: @entity1358 in XXXX : another piece of the puzzle.

answer: @entity280 :: (MESH:D006623,Disease) :: ['von Hippel-Lindau disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The influence of size of nanoparticles (NP), especially in regard to @entity358 , has been widely investigated. In general, NP with smaller diameters are more pro-inflammatory in vivo, at least in terms of neutrophil influx. Nevertheless, the influence of size of NP on polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) cell biology is poorly documented. In the study here, it was decided to determine if AgNP with a diameter of 70   nm (AgNP70) will alter the biology of @entity1 PMN similarly to AgNP20 previously reported to induce apoptosis and inhibit de novo protein synthesis. The results here indicated that, in contrast to AgNP20, AgNP70 delayed PMN apoptosis. However, both AgNP20 and AgNP70 inhibited de novo protein synthesis. Both forms of AgNP did not significantly increase reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production, but AgNP20 significantly increased the cell production of the @entity687 chemokine ( @entity687 ). In addition, AgNP20, but not AgNP70, induced the release of albumin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( @entity1495 /gelatinase B) into culture supernatants. Consistent with this latter observation, gelatinase activity was increased by AgNP20, as assessed by zymography. From these outcomes, it is concluded that two NP with different initial diameters can possess similar - as well as distinct - biological properties in modulating @entity1 PMN functions. These outcomes are testimony to the complexity of the modes of action of NP at the cellular level.

title: Silver nanoparticles of 70   nm and 20   nm affect differently the biology of XXXX neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity102 @entity1 often need healthcare and supportive services, with formal homecare services an important source of community-based assistance. Although @entity1 diagnosed with 1 or more @entity102 are thought to be the most common homecare clients, and perhaps the highest users of homecare services, few studies have analyzed homecare services utilization by specific clients. A study was done to determine if a relationship exists between @entity102 and homecare services utilization. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive-comparative, secondary analysis of population homecare data. METHODS: Three years (2003-2004, 2004-2005, and 2005-2006) of complete homecare client and services utilization data for 1 Canadian province were obtained and tested using 5 definitions of @entity102 to determine which clients among all 149,378 were high users in terms of annual homecare hours and service visits or episodes. RESULTS: Two definitions revealed clients with a disproportionately large share of homecare hours and service episodes: a) clients classified by homecare case managers as "long-term" and b) clients with service spans of >= 90 days. Definitions involving medical diagnoses and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes or chapters did not reveal high users. Age and gender also did not predict services utilization. CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive pre-service assessment completed by homecare case managers was the most successful at distinguishing @entity1 with substantial homecare service needs- @entity1 who could then be described as chronically ill. This assessment should be studied to develop a standardized minimum data tool for consistent and fair assessments.

title: Are chronically ill XXXX high users of homecare services in Canada?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronically ill', 'chronic illness', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the type and number of antibiotic prescriptions filled in the 28 days following an index visit for acute @entity1729 (ARTIs) generally presumed to be viral. STUDY DESIGN: This was a secondary analysis of administrative data. METHODS: We linked administrative data for pharmacy, clinical encounters, and providers to identify all prescriptions for a relevant antibiotic filled within 28 days of an index visit for an ARTI. Data were analyzed descriptively. The primary outcome was whether or not the @entity1 was prescribed an antibiotic or anti- @entity683 medication for an episode of presumed viral ARTI. RESULTS: There were 54,656 encounters for presumed viral ARTI. Most visits (84.4%) were to a primary care clinician, with 12% to an urgent care center and 3.6% to the emergency department. Within 28 days of an encounter for a presumed @entity1729 , 49.4% of @entity1 filled an initial antibiotic prescription, 4.8% a prescription for an anti- @entity683 drug, and 1.2% received both. A second antibiotic prescription was filled after the initial prescription by 8.9% of @entity1 , and a third by 0.7%. Antibiotic use was most common for acute @entity3617 (67.8%) and in the urgent care setting (60.2%). Antibiotics were prescribed less often by pediatricians, whereas anti- @entity683 medications were prescribed most often for @entity1 aged 5 to 17 years by both pediatricians and family physicians. Antibiotic use has increased since 2007, when @entity4580 became a generic drug. CONCLUSIONS: Prescribing antibiotics for ARTIs that are likely to be viral in origin remains common, despite extensive public health educational efforts.

title: Antibiotic use for viral acute XXXX remains common.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'viral upper respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1 requiring haemodialysis have @entity65 . Little is known about the acute effects of exercise during haemodialysis. Exercise has numerous health benefits but in other populations has a profound impact upon blood pressure, @entity32 and immune function; therefore having the potential to exacerbate @entity65 in this vulnerable population. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 took part in a randomised-crossover study investigating the effect of a 30-min bout of exercise during haemodialysis compared to resting haemodialysis. We assessed blood pressure, plasma markers of @entity299 and systemic @entity32 and neutrophil degranulation. RESULTS: Exercise increased blood pressure immediately post-exercise; however, 1 hour after exercise blood pressure was lower than resting levels (106  22 vs. 117  25 mm Hg). No differences in h-FABP, @entity6949 , myoglobin or CKMB were observed between trial arms. Exercise did not alter circulating concentrations of @entity650 , @entity310 or @entity1193 nor clearly suppress neutrophil function. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates fluctuations in blood pressure during haemodialysis in response to exercise. However, since the fall in blood pressure occurred without evidence of @entity299 , we regard it as a normal response to exercise superimposed onto the haemodynamic response to haemodialysis. Importantly, exercise did not exacerbate systemic @entity32 or @entity1200 ; intradialytic exercise was well tolerated.

title: The Impact of Exercising During Haemodialysis on Blood Pressure, Markers of XXXX and Systemic Inflammation - Preliminary Results of a Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and immune dysfunction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity308 is not effectively treated. Aims Open evaluation of a free clinic giving immediate computer-aided cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) self-help plus brief advice from a therapist. METHOD: Test of outcome of self-referrals who used one of four computer-aided CBT systems for @entity308 , @entity913 /panic, general @entity148 or @entity3119 . RESULTS: The equivalent of one full-time clinician managed 355 referrals over a year. Of the 266 who had a screening interview 79% were suitable. Completers and non-completers of computer-aided CBT had similar pre-treatment features, with very chronic, moderately severe problems. Completers of the computer-aided self-help had a mean total of an hour's live therapist support over 12 weeks. They improved significantly and clinically meaningfully with three of the four systems and felt 'fairly satisfied'. Improvement resembled that in controlled and other trials of computer-aided CBT. CONCLUSIONS: Computer-aided self-help is a 'clinician extender'that greatly cuts per- @entity1 therapist time without impairing improvement. It could reduce the per- @entity1 cost of CBT.

title: Pragmatic evaluation of computer-aided self-help for @entity148 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety/depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity308 is not effectively treated. Aims Open evaluation of a free clinic giving immediate computer-aided cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) self-help plus brief advice from a therapist. METHOD: Test of outcome of self-referrals who used one of four computer-aided CBT systems for @entity308 , @entity913 /panic, general @entity148 or @entity3119 . RESULTS: The equivalent of one full-time clinician managed 355 referrals over a year. Of the 266 who had a screening interview 79% were suitable. Completers and non-completers of computer-aided CBT had similar pre-treatment features, with very chronic, moderately severe problems. Completers of the computer-aided self-help had a mean total of an hour's live therapist support over 12 weeks. They improved significantly and clinically meaningfully with three of the four systems and felt 'fairly satisfied'. Improvement resembled that in controlled and other trials of computer-aided CBT. CONCLUSIONS: Computer-aided self-help is a 'clinician extender'that greatly cuts per- @entity1 therapist time without impairing improvement. It could reduce the per- @entity1 cost of CBT.

title: Pragmatic evaluation of computer-aided self-help for XXXX and @entity308 .

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For the treatment of @entity615 , it has been theorized that integrative care plans can lead to better outcomes than those achieved by monodisciplinary care alone, especially when using a collaborative, interdisciplinary, and non-hierarchical team approach. This paper describes the use of a care pathway designed to guide treatment by an integrative group of providers within a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: A clinical care pathway was used by a multidisciplinary group of providers, which included acupuncturists, chiropractors, cognitive behavioral therapists, exercise therapists, massage therapists and primary care physicians. Treatment recommendations were based on an evidence-informed practice model, and reached by group consensus. Research study @entity1 were empowered to select one of the treatment recommendations proposed by the integrative group. Common principles and benchmarks were established to guide treatment management throughout the study. RESULTS: Thirteen providers representing 5 healthcare professions collaborated to provide integrative care to study @entity1 . On average, 3 to 4 treatment plans, each consisting of 2 to 3 modalities, were recommended to study @entity1 . Exercise, massage, and acupuncture were both most commonly recommended by the team and selected by study @entity1 . Changes to care commonly incorporated cognitive behavioral therapy into treatment plans. CONCLUSION: This clinical care pathway was a useful tool for the consistent application of evidence-based care for @entity1643 in the context of an integrative setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00567333.

title: Integrative care for the management of XXXX : use of a clinical care pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that the invasion of V2 @entity189 cells in the @entity95 mesentery is associated with marked extracellular matrix synthesis leading eventually to an overall increase in mesenteric mass. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural and biochemical composition of the extracellular matrix in @entity5 -free parts of @entity95 mesenteries at various stages after intraperitoneal implantation of V2 @entity189 cells. The overall thickness of the @entity5 -implanted mesenteries increased progressively and peaked at about Day 14, when it was about 8 times greater than the untreated or liver-implanted controls. This was mainly the result of an accumulation of extracellular matrix components. In particular, there was a marked increase in both collagen fibers and proteoglycan granules, as well as filaments, probably @entity4023 , as visualized by @entity13326 . Stereological analysis showed a 6-fold increase in collagen fibers and a significant increase in the density and average diameter of proteoglycan granules. Biochemical analysis revealed a marked elevation in @entity13275 content in the @entity5 -implanted mesenteries. Specifically, they contained 2.6 and 8.6 times the amount of @entity4023 and @entity12006 , respectively, than did controls. Furthermore, the relative percentage of @entity12006 was elevated markedly (26 versus 6% in controls). However, the content of heparan or dermatan @entity597 did not vary significantly. Stereological analysis of the fibroblasts showed that their absolute number had doubled and that the cell volume of the individual fibroblast had increased markedly. This suggests that the fibroblasts were responsible for the excessive production of the extracellular matrix. These results support the concept that @entity189 cells can modulate their surrounding extracellular environment by stimulating the synthesis of connective tissue in the host mesenchymal cells.

title: Neoplastic modulation of extracellular matrix: proteoglycan changes in the XXXX mesentery induced by V2 @entity189 cells.

entities_list: @entity13275 :: ('CHEBI:27252', 'Chemical') :: ['uronic acid']

entities_list: @entity13326 :: ('MESH:C031584', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium hexammine trichloride']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that the invasion of V2 @entity189 cells in the @entity95 mesentery is associated with marked extracellular matrix synthesis leading eventually to an overall increase in mesenteric mass. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural and biochemical composition of the extracellular matrix in @entity5 -free parts of @entity95 mesenteries at various stages after intraperitoneal implantation of V2 @entity189 cells. The overall thickness of the @entity5 -implanted mesenteries increased progressively and peaked at about Day 14, when it was about 8 times greater than the untreated or liver-implanted controls. This was mainly the result of an accumulation of extracellular matrix components. In particular, there was a marked increase in both collagen fibers and proteoglycan granules, as well as filaments, probably @entity4023 , as visualized by @entity13326 . Stereological analysis showed a 6-fold increase in collagen fibers and a significant increase in the density and average diameter of proteoglycan granules. Biochemical analysis revealed a marked elevation in @entity13275 content in the @entity5 -implanted mesenteries. Specifically, they contained 2.6 and 8.6 times the amount of @entity4023 and @entity12006 , respectively, than did controls. Furthermore, the relative percentage of @entity12006 was elevated markedly (26 versus 6% in controls). However, the content of heparan or dermatan @entity597 did not vary significantly. Stereological analysis of the fibroblasts showed that their absolute number had doubled and that the cell volume of the individual fibroblast had increased markedly. This suggests that the fibroblasts were responsible for the excessive production of the extracellular matrix. These results support the concept that @entity189 cells can modulate their surrounding extracellular environment by stimulating the synthesis of connective tissue in the host mesenchymal cells.

title: Neoplastic modulation of extracellular matrix: proteoglycan changes in the @entity95 mesentery induced by V2 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: The treatment of @entity3052 results in predictable @entity236 and eventual cellular repopulation. In order to study this postchemotherapy repopulation, assays for hematopoietic progenitor cells were performed on bone marrow samples obtained from seven @entity1 with @entity3052 who had received similar chemotherapeutic induction regimens. Burst-forming units (erythrocyte), colony-forming units (megakaryocyte), colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage), and colony-forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) were cloned from @entity1 bone marrow mononuclear cells 5 and/or 10 days following completion of chemotherapy. All @entity1 were pancytopenic and had hypocellular marrows when studied. Assays were performed 7 to 30 days prior to complete remission. Colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage) were equivalent to control values 5 days following chemotherapy, while burst-forming units (erythrocyte) and colony-forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) were not assayable at that time. Ten days following chemotherapy, colony-forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) and colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage) were 200 and 250% of normal controls, respectively, while burst-forming units (erythrocyte) were 29% of control values. Colony-forming units (macrophage) were 10 to 15 times normal values 10 days following chemotherapy. In contrast to colonies from normal individuals, those grown from marrow obtained following chemotherapy were frequently macroscopic and were composed of thousands of cells. @entity1 marrow had larger proportions of progenitor cells in S phase of the cell cycle than did normal controls. These studies suggest the presence of a stem cell in @entity1 bone marrow which is resistant to chemotherapeutic agents and has a high capacity to regenerate hematopoietic progenitor cells. The period following completion of chemotherapy for @entity3052 appears suitable for the study of the hierarchical nature of @entity1 @entity1210 .

title: In vitro @entity1210 following induction chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoiesis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']


abstract: The treatment of @entity3052 results in predictable @entity236 and eventual cellular repopulation. In order to study this postchemotherapy repopulation, assays for hematopoietic progenitor cells were performed on bone marrow samples obtained from seven @entity1 with @entity3052 who had received similar chemotherapeutic induction regimens. Burst-forming units (erythrocyte), colony-forming units (megakaryocyte), colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage), and colony-forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) were cloned from @entity1 bone marrow mononuclear cells 5 and/or 10 days following completion of chemotherapy. All @entity1 were pancytopenic and had hypocellular marrows when studied. Assays were performed 7 to 30 days prior to complete remission. Colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage) were equivalent to control values 5 days following chemotherapy, while burst-forming units (erythrocyte) and colony-forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) were not assayable at that time. Ten days following chemotherapy, colony-forming units (granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-macrophage) and colony-forming units (granulocyte-macrophage) were 200 and 250% of normal controls, respectively, while burst-forming units (erythrocyte) were 29% of control values. Colony-forming units (macrophage) were 10 to 15 times normal values 10 days following chemotherapy. In contrast to colonies from normal individuals, those grown from marrow obtained following chemotherapy were frequently macroscopic and were composed of thousands of cells. @entity1 marrow had larger proportions of progenitor cells in S phase of the cell cycle than did normal controls. These studies suggest the presence of a stem cell in @entity1 bone marrow which is resistant to chemotherapeutic agents and has a high capacity to regenerate hematopoietic progenitor cells. The period following completion of chemotherapy for @entity3052 appears suitable for the study of the hierarchical nature of @entity1 @entity1210 .

title: In vitro XXXX following induction chemotherapy for @entity3052 .

answer: @entity1210 :: (MESH:C536227,Disease) :: ['hematopoiesis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine baseline knowledge and identify knowledge gaps of farmers on biosecurity, risk of transmission of transboundary diseases and large ruminant health and production in three provinces of northern Laos, Hua Phan (HP), Luang Prabang (LPB) and Xieng Khoung (XK). The survey was conducted in six villages that are project sites for an Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project, with two villages located in each of the three provinces. A census survey was conducted by interview with all 238 farmers participating in the ACIAR project, using a structured questionnaire. The interviews were conducted in @entity4602 language and took 1-2 h per farmer. The answers were recorded in @entity4602 and the survey data were translated into English and transcribed into Microsoft Excel, and a linear mixed model in the Genstat statistical analysis package was used to compare quantitative traits between the target provinces. The results showed that the prediction mean of farmer knowledge scores on @entity4801 , @entity166 , reproduction and nutrition management were significantly different between the target provinces. The prediction mean of farmer knowledge scores on @entity166 questions ranged between 5.11 in HP to 8.54 in XK of 24 marks (P < 0.001). The prediction mean of total knowledge scores was 13.48 in LPB and 19.29 in XK of 42 marks (P < 0.001). The results indicate both the need for and scope required to attain improvements in farmer knowledge of large ruminant health and production. It was concluded that a participatory research and extension programme to address village-level biosecurity and reduce disease risks, plus enhance large ruminant production capabilities of smallholder producers, is a valid and potentially important strategy to address transboundary disease risk and rural poverty in northern Laos.

title: Assessment of farmer knowledge of large ruminant health and production in developing village-level biosecurity in northern XXXX PDR.

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disorders']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity4602 :: (259307,Gene) :: ['Lao']


abstract: Pearl millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a drought-tolerant cereal crop used for grain and forage. Novel traits from outside of the gene pool could be introduced provided a reliable gene-transfer method were available. We have obtained herbicide-resistant transgenic pearl millet plants by microprojectile bombardment of embryogenic tissues with the bar gene. Embryogenic tissues derived from immature embryos, inflorescences and apical meristems from diploid and tetraploid pearl millet genotypes were used as target tissues. Transformed cells were selected in the dark on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 mg/l @entity14462 and 15 mg/l @entity25889 ( @entity3445 ). After 3-10 weeks in the dark, herbicide-resistant somatic embryos were induced to germinate on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/l @entity30972 and 0.1 mg/l @entity21928 . Plants were transferred to the greenhouse after they were rooted in the presence of @entity3445 and had passed a @entity16647 red assay (the medium turned from red to yellow). Transgenic plants were recovered from bombardments using intact pAHC25 plasmid DNA, a gel-purified bar fragment, or a mixture of pAHC25 plasmid or bar fragment and a plasmid containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein ( gfp) gene (p524EGFP.1). Analyses by the polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot hybridization, GFP expression, resistance to herbicide application, and segregation of the bar and gfp genes confirmed the presence and stable integration of the foreign DNA. Transformed plants were recovered from all three explants, although transformation conditions were optimized using only the tetraploid inflorescence. Time from culture initiation to rooted transgenic plant using the tetraploid inflorescence ranged from 3-4 months. Seven independent DNA/gold precipitations were used to bombard 52 plates, 29 of which produced an average of 5.5 herbicide-resistant plants per plate. The number of herbicide-resistant plants recovered per successful bombardment ranged from one to 28 and the frequency of co-transformation with gfp ranged from 5% to 85%.

title: Fertile transgenic pearl millet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] plants recovered through microprojectile bombardment and XXXX selection of apical meristem-, inflorescence-, and immature embryo-derived embryogenic tissues.

entities_list: @entity21928 :: ('MESH:C000142', 'Chemical') :: ['6-benzylaminopurine']

entities_list: @entity30972 :: ('MESH:C016785', 'Chemical') :: ['thidiazuron']

entities_list: @entity25889 :: ('MESH:C003121', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphinothricin']

entities_list: @entity16647 :: ('CHEBI:38857', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophenol']

answer: @entity25889 :: (MESH:C003121,Chemical) :: ['phosphinothricin']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity774 ( @entity774 ), and to describe sonographic and MR features of these lesions. Seventeen postpubertal male @entity774 @entity1 underwent scrotal sonography, with colour Doppler, and in 16 of them pre- and postcontrast enhanced T1- and T2-weighted MR images of the testes were obtained. Ultrasound revealed lesions in 16 of 17 @entity1 (94%), bilateral in 10 @entity1 and unilateral in 6 @entity1 . The lesions were typically located adjacent to the mediastinum testis. The maximal diameter of the lesions varied from 2 to 40 mm. Margins were blurred in 11 of 31 lesions. Seventeen of the 20 lesions smaller than 2 cm in diameter were hypoechoic, whereas all 11 lesions larger than 2 cm showed hyperechoic reflections. On MR all lesions were isointense on T1- and hypointense on T2-weighted images and lesion margins were clearly defined. Enhancement of the lesions after intravenous contrast was seen in 13 of 15 @entity1 . In our series the prevalence of @entity5 in postpubertal @entity774 @entity1 is much higher than in other reported studies. The lesions may develop from some small, hypoechoic, and multifocal nodules and coalesce to large @entity75 with hyperechoic reflections on ultrasound. As our results suggest that ultrasonography and MR show the lesions equally well, ultrasonography should be the method of first choice for detection and follow-up of these lesions, because it is the cheapest and quickest imaging technique. In case of a partial orchiectomy, MR is recommended because it shows lesion margins optimally.

title: @entity5 in postpubertal males with XXXX : sonographic and MR features.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular adrenal rest tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoechoic lesions']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'CAH']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity774 ( @entity774 ), and to describe sonographic and MR features of these lesions. Seventeen postpubertal male @entity774 @entity1 underwent scrotal sonography, with colour Doppler, and in 16 of them pre- and postcontrast enhanced T1- and T2-weighted MR images of the testes were obtained. Ultrasound revealed lesions in 16 of 17 @entity1 (94%), bilateral in 10 @entity1 and unilateral in 6 @entity1 . The lesions were typically located adjacent to the mediastinum testis. The maximal diameter of the lesions varied from 2 to 40 mm. Margins were blurred in 11 of 31 lesions. Seventeen of the 20 lesions smaller than 2 cm in diameter were hypoechoic, whereas all 11 lesions larger than 2 cm showed hyperechoic reflections. On MR all lesions were isointense on T1- and hypointense on T2-weighted images and lesion margins were clearly defined. Enhancement of the lesions after intravenous contrast was seen in 13 of 15 @entity1 . In our series the prevalence of @entity5 in postpubertal @entity774 @entity1 is much higher than in other reported studies. The lesions may develop from some small, hypoechoic, and multifocal nodules and coalesce to large @entity75 with hyperechoic reflections on ultrasound. As our results suggest that ultrasonography and MR show the lesions equally well, ultrasonography should be the method of first choice for detection and follow-up of these lesions, because it is the cheapest and quickest imaging technique. In case of a partial orchiectomy, MR is recommended because it shows lesion margins optimally.

title: XXXX in postpubertal males with @entity774 : sonographic and MR features.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Testicular adrenal rest tumours']


abstract: The airway mucosal response to allergen in @entity565 involves influx of activated T helper type 2 cells and eosinophils, transient @entity1030 , and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR). The mechanism(s) underlying transient T cell activation during this inflammatory response is unclear. We present evidence that this response is regulated via bidirectional interactions between airway mucosal dendritic cells (AMDC) and T memory cells. After aerosol challenge, resident AMDC acquire antigen and rapidly mature into potent @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) after cognate interactions with T memory cells. This process is restricted to dendritic cells (DCs) in the mucosae of the conducting airways, and is not seen in peripheral lung. Within 24 h, antigen-bearing mature DCs disappear from the airway wall, leaving in their wake activated interleukin 2R+ T cells and AHR. Antigen-bearing activated DCs appear in regional lymph nodes at 24 h, suggesting onward migration from the airway. Transient up-regulation of @entity2937 on AMDC accompanies this process, which can be reproduced by coculture of resting AMDC with T memory cells plus antigen. The @entity1412 activity of AMDC can be partially inhibited by anti- @entity2937 , suggesting that @entity2937 may play an active role in this process and/or is a surrogate for other relevant costimulators. These findings provide a plausible model for local T cell activation at the lesional site in @entity565 , and for the transient nature of this inflammatory response.

title: Bidirectional interactions between antigen-bearing respiratory tract dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells precede the late phase reaction in experimental XXXX : DC activation occurs in the airway mucosa but not in the lung parenchyma.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['antigen-presenting cells', 'APCs']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only a few studies have examined relationships between @entity73 and resource use of nursing home residents, and these studies have yielded mixed results. METHODS: To develop and test structural equation models for relationships between @entity73 , covariates, and resource use of nursing home residents on @entity195 @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) and conventional units. RESEARCH DESIGN: Analysis of data obtained in 1999 from an Indiana nursing facility time study that measured resident-specific direct care minutes per day, and assessment data from the Minimum Data Set (version 2.0). @entity1 : @entity1 were 1290 residents without specialized nursing requirements or licensed therapies: 447 drawn from 22 @entity1109 in 16 facilities, 485 from 16 conventional units in the same facilities, and 358 from units in 13 facilities without @entity1109 . MEASURES: Direct care resource use (weighed minutes/d), Cognitive Performance Scale, activities of daily living (ADLs), clinically complex conditions, daily @entity146 , physical restraints, psychotropic medication, and @entity195 or @entity303 diagnosis. RESULTS: @entity73 had a substantial indirect effect on resource use in facilities with and without @entity1109 . This effect was mediated largely through ADL dependency and SCU placement. Severity of @entity73 was strongly related to ADL dependency, and ADL, in turn, was a strongly related to resource use. Also, residents on @entity1109 used significantly more direct care resources than residents on conventional units. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates relationships between @entity73 , covariates, and resource use for nursing home residents on @entity1109 and conventional units. It also raises issues about reimbursement for care of @entity303 residents.

title: XXXX and resource use of nursing home residents: a structural equation model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['SCUs', 'special care units']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of Multislice spiral CT (MSCT) with volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstructions in recognizing @entity4145 ( @entity4145 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity4145 underwent MSCT. To visualise the excretory system, 50 ml of uroangiografic contrast medium was administered by drip infusion via the cubital vein 180 minutes before the CT scan. MSCT was performed after the injection of 120 ml of contrast medium at a flow rate of 3.5 ml/sec. Dual-phase scanning was performed 25s and 55s after contrast medium administration. MIP and VR reconstructions were obtained on a dedicated workstation. RESULTS: In 11/27 (41%) @entity1 , @entity4145 was due to an @entity3161 (UPJ). In 9/27 (33%), the @entity850 was caused by anomalous vessels. In 3/27 (11%), @entity850 was due to an anomalous UPJ position even though anomalous accessory vessels could be seen. In 4/27 (15%), anomalous vessels were also identified but the presence of a pyeloureteral stent did not allow us to establish whether these vessels were the cause of @entity4145 . CONCLUSIONS: MSCT and MIP and VR reconstructions allow identification of the causes of congenital @entity4145 and provide useful information for appropriate treatment planning.

title: XXXX : assessment with multislice CT.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous ureteropelvic junction']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction', 'UPJO']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Congenital stenosis of ureteropelvic junction']


abstract: In order to clarify the cause of low voltage QRS complex seen on ECG (low voltage), thyroid hormones, LDH isozyme and @entity2294 ( @entity2294 ) were studied in 39 @entity1 with @entity1375 . Low voltage and @entity2294 were found in 12 of 39 (30.8%) and 12 of 27 (44.4%), respectively. Serum T4 in @entity1 with low voltage (Group 1) was significantly lower than that in @entity1 without low voltage (Group 2) (T4 1.4 +/- 1.7 vs 2.8 +/- 2.3 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.05). Group 1 had a higher incidence of large amounts of @entity2294 than Group 2 (6/8 vs 1/19, p less than 0.002). However, there was no significant difference in thyroid hormone levels between @entity1 with and without @entity2294 . No significant difference in LDH isozyme pattern was found among the groups. Low voltage without @entity2294 was found in only one @entity1 . Two @entity1 with low voltage and @entity2294 demonstrated that in spite of the presence of large @entity2294 , low voltage improved after thyroid replacement therapy. By multi-variate analysis, low voltage was related to large @entity2294 , @entity1 age and low T4 levels. From these results, it was suggested that in @entity1375 low voltage was brought about by a combination of both severe @entity1374 and large @entity2294 . In addition, elderly @entity1 over 60 years had low voltage more frequently than did @entity1 under 59 years.

title: The cause of low voltage QRS complex in @entity1375 . Pericardial effusion or XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hormone deficiency']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid hormone deficiency']


abstract: In order to clarify the cause of low voltage QRS complex seen on ECG (low voltage), thyroid hormones, LDH isozyme and @entity2294 ( @entity2294 ) were studied in 39 @entity1 with @entity1375 . Low voltage and @entity2294 were found in 12 of 39 (30.8%) and 12 of 27 (44.4%), respectively. Serum T4 in @entity1 with low voltage (Group 1) was significantly lower than that in @entity1 without low voltage (Group 2) (T4 1.4 +/- 1.7 vs 2.8 +/- 2.3 micrograms/dl, p less than 0.05). Group 1 had a higher incidence of large amounts of @entity2294 than Group 2 (6/8 vs 1/19, p less than 0.002). However, there was no significant difference in thyroid hormone levels between @entity1 with and without @entity2294 . No significant difference in LDH isozyme pattern was found among the groups. Low voltage without @entity2294 was found in only one @entity1 . Two @entity1 with low voltage and @entity2294 demonstrated that in spite of the presence of large @entity2294 , low voltage improved after thyroid replacement therapy. By multi-variate analysis, low voltage was related to large @entity2294 , @entity1 age and low T4 levels. From these results, it was suggested that in @entity1375 low voltage was brought about by a combination of both severe @entity1374 and large @entity2294 . In addition, elderly @entity1 over 60 years had low voltage more frequently than did @entity1 under 59 years.

title: The cause of low voltage QRS complex in XXXX . Pericardial effusion or @entity1374 ?

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['primary hypothyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: In the present study we examined the effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist @entity10025 on @entity112 -evoked somatosensory and vascular responses in @entity1 . SUBJECTS: Two sets of experiments were performed, in which twelve (Study 1, iontophoresis) and six @entity1 (Study 2, microdialysis) were recruited. TREATMENT: @entity10025 was administered peripherally by skin patch (50 mM) or dermal microdialysis (5 mM), whereas @entity112 was applied by iontophoresis (50 microAmps) or dermal microdialysis (5 microM). METHODS: Skin blood flow was monitored by laser Doppler, widespread flare reaction was evaluated planimetrically, extravasation of plasma proteins was measured in the dialysate and perceived itch was recorded using a visual analogue scale. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance. RESULTS: Experimentally induced itch was significantly reduced by peripheral administration of @entity10025 (p < 0.05). Additionally, skin blood flow and neurogenic mediated flare responses were attenuated (p < 0.003 and p < 0.03, respectively), whereas protein extravasation due to @entity112 was enhanced by co-administration of @entity10025 , as investigated by dermal microdialysis. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 peripheral administration of a cannabinoid receptor agonist attenuates @entity112 -induced itch. The observation that protein extravasation was not decreased demonstrates that the alleviation of itch is not due to an anti-histaminergic property of @entity10025 . The reduced neurogenic flare reaction indicates an attenuated antidromic nerve fibre activation and neuropeptide release.

title: XXXX induced responses are attenuated by a cannabinoid receptor agonist in @entity1 skin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['Histamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: In the present study we examined the effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist @entity10025 on @entity112 -evoked somatosensory and vascular responses in @entity1 . SUBJECTS: Two sets of experiments were performed, in which twelve (Study 1, iontophoresis) and six @entity1 (Study 2, microdialysis) were recruited. TREATMENT: @entity10025 was administered peripherally by skin patch (50 mM) or dermal microdialysis (5 mM), whereas @entity112 was applied by iontophoresis (50 microAmps) or dermal microdialysis (5 microM). METHODS: Skin blood flow was monitored by laser Doppler, widespread flare reaction was evaluated planimetrically, extravasation of plasma proteins was measured in the dialysate and perceived itch was recorded using a visual analogue scale. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance. RESULTS: Experimentally induced itch was significantly reduced by peripheral administration of @entity10025 (p < 0.05). Additionally, skin blood flow and neurogenic mediated flare responses were attenuated (p < 0.003 and p < 0.03, respectively), whereas protein extravasation due to @entity112 was enhanced by co-administration of @entity10025 , as investigated by dermal microdialysis. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 peripheral administration of a cannabinoid receptor agonist attenuates @entity112 -induced itch. The observation that protein extravasation was not decreased demonstrates that the alleviation of itch is not due to an anti-histaminergic property of @entity10025 . The reduced neurogenic flare reaction indicates an attenuated antidromic nerve fibre activation and neuropeptide release.

title: @entity112 induced responses are attenuated by a cannabinoid receptor agonist in XXXX skin.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Our objective was to evaluate @entity5 hemodynamics of @entity1823 of the head and neck. A 2D magnetic resonance projection angiography (MRPA) protocol was developed. Six @entity1 with histologically proven @entity1823 were included in the study. The sequence protocol and data post-processing procedure were optimized in view of a high temporal resolution and maximum contrast-to-noise ratio. Image-time series of two freely orientated slabs could be obtained. Correlation analysis was performed to generate selective arterial and venous weighted angiographic images. @entity5 showed a rapid and intense homogeneous enhancement following the intravenous administration of contrast material. The smallest tumors investigated measured 10 mm and could be visualized clearly. Time-resolved analysis of the @entity5 enhancement revealed an early bolus arrival within the vascular bed of the @entity5 and prolonged incomplete washout indicating blood pooling. The dynamic contrast enhancement of @entity5 can be evaluated non-invasively with MRPA providing a high temporal resolution and high image quality. The characteristic contrast enhancement of @entity5 can be helpful in the diagnostic workup of lesions that may mimic @entity5 .

title: Dynamic contrast enhancement of XXXX of the head and neck: evaluation with time-resolved 2D MR projection angiography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glomus tumors', 'Glomus tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paragangliomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 frequently experience great discomfort during a bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of @entity2 . Sedation is generally recommended during bronchoscopy; however, few studies have evaluated the discomfort and tolerability of @entity1 to a bronchoscopy with regard to the administration procedures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the discomfort and tolerability of @entity1 undergoing a bronchoscopy using different sedation procedures with @entity1363 . The retrospective survey of sedation during bronchoscopy involved the comparison of two periods: January-March 2012 (first period) and July-September 2012 (second period). A numerical rating score, which ranged between 1 (best) and 5 (worst) according to the subjective view of the @entity1 , was used to rate @entity1 discomfort, @entity158 , sensation, time and tolerability to the bronchoscopy. In the first period, 2.5 mg @entity1363 was administered prior to the initiation of surgery, and additional doses of @entity1363 was added in 2.5-mg increments whenever the @entity1 deviated from the target sedation level. In the second period, 2.0 or 3.0 mg @entity1363 was administered prior to the initiation of surgery, and additional @entity1363 doses were administered in 1.0-mg increments until the @entity1 were sedated to the target sedation level. In total, 60 and 68 valid responses were obtained in the first and second periods, respectively. The @entity1 in the second period exhibited significantly improved discomfort and @entity158 scores during the bronchoscopy and higher rates of consent to re-examination, as compared with the @entity1 in the first period (1.89  1.40 vs. 2.78  1.52, P<0.001; 1.48  1.13 vs. 2.00  1.37, P=0.005; 2.45  1.62 vs. 3.13  1.47, P=0.013, respectively). The amount of @entity1363 administered was significantly higher in the second period. There were no fatal complications during the bronchoscopy in either period. In conclusion, the present study observed that the administration of additional @entity1363 in small doses, until the target sedation level is achieved, is a safe procedure that is associated with significantly less discomfort and @entity158 during bronchoscopy and a greater consent to re-examination when compared with the administration of a fixed dose of @entity1363 .

title: Evaluation of discomfort and tolerability to bronchoscopy according to different sedation procedures with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2269 ( @entity2269 ) is a rare and highly aggressive @entity5 that was initially described in 1989. @entity2269 predominantly affects young @entity1 and typically occurs in the intra-abdominal area. The present study describes the cases of two @entity1 with @entity2269 . The first @entity1 was a 23-year-old male who presented with @entity490 in the right flank, coupled with difficulty urinating and @entity29 . The second @entity1 was 12-year-old female who presented with @entity490 , @entity391 and @entity1277 . A computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed the presence of an extensive pelvic mass in each @entity1 , however, a visceral origin was not clearly identifiable in the first @entity1 . In the second @entity1 , a large soft-tissue @entity5 was located posterior to the pancreatic tail and the stomach, with no anatomical line visible between the stomach and splenic vein. Ultrasound-guided biopsy in the first @entity1 and videolaparoscopy in the second @entity1 followed by immunohistochemical analysis clarified the presence of a malignant @entity5 composed of small, blue, round cells. Due to right ureter involvement and @entity3041 in the first @entity1 , a treatment strategy of surgical debulking of the @entity5 was selected. The surgical procedure involved en bloc resection of the lesion associated with a pelvic peritonectomy, followed by post-operative radiotherapy. However, the second @entity1 exhibited @entity66 , therefore, a chemotherapeutic protocol of @entity1891 , @entity632 and @entity786 , as well as radiation therapy, was scheduled. Disease relapse was observed in the abdominal cavity of the first @entity1 after one year, while the second @entity1 remains asymptomatic. Following analysis of present two cases, it was concluded that aggressive treatment regimens may induce @entity5 regression. However, relapse of the disease is frequent and long-term survival is rare with the currently available therapeutic strategies.

title: Requirement for novel surgical and clinical protocols for the treatment of XXXX : A report of two cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoplastic small round cell tumor', 'DSRCT']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity2269 :: (MESH:D058405,Disease) :: ['desmoplastic small round cell tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A @entity704 is a @entity5 that arises from the epithelial cells of the thymus, and may cause various signs and symptoms dependent upon its local extent. A non-traumatic hemothorax is extremely rare. The present study reports the case of a 77-year-old female who presented with an acute onset of @entity662 . Imaging procedures revealed a mass occupying the anterior @entity6830 and left hemithorax, and a left @entity1143 . Progressive @entity417 was noted following admission. Left hemothorax due to rupture of the anterior mediastinal mass was suspected, and emergency surgery was performed. @entity548 was observed on the cut surface of the @entity5 . An analysis of frozen sections indicated a @entity704 , and a thymo-partial thymectomy was subsequently performed to remove as much of the @entity1410 as possible. The @entity1 was discharged on post-operative day 13 following an uneventful recovery. The present case suggests that in previously healthy individuals, @entity2459 and @entity662 co-occurring with an acute widening of the @entity6830 observed on roentgenograph may be indicative of a @entity397 .

title: XXXX causing a hemothorax: A case report.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured thymoma']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden-onset dyspnea']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['Ruptured thymoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: to study effect of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) on regional cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in @entity1 with @entity741 ( @entity741 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included into this study 22 @entity1 with @entity741 subjected to CABG surgery with @entity1167 . All @entity1 underwent brain SPECT scanning and comprehensive neuropsychological testing 1 day before, 10-14 days and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Overall CABG with @entity1167 was followed by reduction of regional cerebral blood flow relative to baseline in frontal and parietal cortex (p < 0.01). Substantial reduction (> 5%) of cerebral perfusion in early postoperative period was observed in 15 @entity1 (68%) while seven @entity1 (32%) had no significant changes of regional cerebral blood flow. Changes of cerebral perfusion correlated with dynamics of cognitive status. Mean measures of immediate verbal memory, delayed memory, and learning decreased after surgery by 25.6 (p = 0.002), 43.3 (p = 0.000003), and 23.1% (p = 0.00000), respectively. Moreover after CABG with @entity1167 @entity1 demonstrated slowing of psychomotor speed by 13.6% (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: CABG with @entity1167 was associated with reduction of cerebral perfusion leading to @entity73 . Immediate and delayed @entity227 , learning and psychomotor speed were most sensitive to the negative effects of surgery.

title: [Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognitive Function in XXXX Undergoing Coronary Bypass Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['verbal and visual memory']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['CPB', 'cardiopulmonary bypass']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Our initial experience of performing a single-incision laparoscopic-assisted (SILS) colectomy using a "home-made" multichannel port system is presented. Nine @entity1 (5 @entity1 ) with a median age of 67 years (range, 55-72 years) and a median body mass index of 21.2 kg/m(2) (range, 17.8-26.7 kg/m(2)) underwent the SILS colectomy for @entity694 between September 2009 and March 2010. The sites of the @entity5 were the ascending colon (n=2), hepatic flexure (n=1), transverse colon (n=2), and sigmoid colon (n=4). Each trocar was introduced intraperitoneally through each finger of a surgical glove attached to the wound protector, which was applied to a @entity601 made via a   -circular periumbilical incision. If necessary, one to three radial splits were added to the incision. The colon was mobilized intracorporeally, and the vessels were ligated intra- or extracorporeally. All the @entity1 underwent a curative segmental colectomy without conversion to a standard multiport laparoscopy or open surgery. The median operative time and @entity190 were 140 min (range, 135-165 min) and 50 mL (range, 20-225 mL), respectively. The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 18 (range, 6-31). The pathological stages included stage 0 (n=2), stage I (n=6), and stage III (n=1). The median number of postoperative analgesic use was one (range, 0-6). No intra- or @entity260 occurred in this series. Our SILS colectomy procedure seems feasible and safe in selected @entity1 with @entity694 .

title: Single-incision laparoscopic-assisted surgery for XXXX via a periumbilical approach using a surgical glove: initial experience with 9 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['midline fasciotomy']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) plays important roles in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) susceptibility and functional polymorphism in the @entity4179 ( @entity72246 ) gene has been linked to increased risk of @entity1149 . This study aimed to evaluate the role of the @entity4179 @entity72246 polymorphism in risk of @entity1149 (ADC) occurrence and survival in an Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case- control study included 100 histopathologically confirmed @entity1149 (ADC) @entity1 and 100 healthy controls. @entity4179 ( @entity32278 ) was genotyped by AS-PCR to elucidate putative associations with clinical outcomes. The association of the polymorphism with the survival of @entity1149 @entity1 was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: It was found that @entity4179 61AG heterozygous and GG homozygous genotype is significantly associated with increased risk of @entity1149 (ADC) occurrence compared to AA genotype, [OR 2.61 (1.31-5.18) and 3.25 (1.31-8.06), RR 1.51(1.15-2.0) and 1.72 (1.08-2.73) and RD 23.2 (6.90-39.5) and 28.53(7.0-50.1) for heterozygous AG (p=0.005) and homozygous GG (p=0.009)]. @entity1 homozygous for the G allele exhibited a significantly poor overall survival. The median survival time for @entity1 with @entity4179 61 AA, AG, and GG genotypes was 10.5, 7.4, and 7.1 months (p=0.02), respectively. @entity1149 (ADC) @entity1 with GG + AG exhibited 7.3 months median survival compared to the AA genotype (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that the @entity4179 @entity32278 genotype may be a novel independent prognostic marker to identify @entity1 at higher risk of occurrence and an unfavourable clinical outcome.

title: Clinical Implication of XXXX @entity32278 Polymorphism in the Risk of Non Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma @entity1 : A Case Control Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'NSCLC adenocarcinoma', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

answer: @entity4179 :: (1950,Gene) :: ['EGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) plays important roles in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) susceptibility and functional polymorphism in the @entity4179 ( @entity72246 ) gene has been linked to increased risk of @entity1149 . This study aimed to evaluate the role of the @entity4179 @entity72246 polymorphism in risk of @entity1149 (ADC) occurrence and survival in an Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case- control study included 100 histopathologically confirmed @entity1149 (ADC) @entity1 and 100 healthy controls. @entity4179 ( @entity32278 ) was genotyped by AS-PCR to elucidate putative associations with clinical outcomes. The association of the polymorphism with the survival of @entity1149 @entity1 was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: It was found that @entity4179 61AG heterozygous and GG homozygous genotype is significantly associated with increased risk of @entity1149 (ADC) occurrence compared to AA genotype, [OR 2.61 (1.31-5.18) and 3.25 (1.31-8.06), RR 1.51(1.15-2.0) and 1.72 (1.08-2.73) and RD 23.2 (6.90-39.5) and 28.53(7.0-50.1) for heterozygous AG (p=0.005) and homozygous GG (p=0.009)]. @entity1 homozygous for the G allele exhibited a significantly poor overall survival. The median survival time for @entity1 with @entity4179 61 AA, AG, and GG genotypes was 10.5, 7.4, and 7.1 months (p=0.02), respectively. @entity1149 (ADC) @entity1 with GG + AG exhibited 7.3 months median survival compared to the AA genotype (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that the @entity4179 @entity32278 genotype may be a novel independent prognostic marker to identify @entity1 at higher risk of occurrence and an unfavourable clinical outcome.

title: Clinical Implication of @entity4179 XXXX Polymorphism in the Risk of Non Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma @entity1 : A Case Control Study.

answer: @entity32278 :: (c|SUB|A|61|G,DNAMutation) :: ['A61G']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) plays important roles in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) susceptibility and functional polymorphism in the @entity4179 ( @entity72246 ) gene has been linked to increased risk of @entity1149 . This study aimed to evaluate the role of the @entity4179 @entity72246 polymorphism in risk of @entity1149 (ADC) occurrence and survival in an Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case- control study included 100 histopathologically confirmed @entity1149 (ADC) @entity1 and 100 healthy controls. @entity4179 ( @entity32278 ) was genotyped by AS-PCR to elucidate putative associations with clinical outcomes. The association of the polymorphism with the survival of @entity1149 @entity1 was estimated by Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: It was found that @entity4179 61AG heterozygous and GG homozygous genotype is significantly associated with increased risk of @entity1149 (ADC) occurrence compared to AA genotype, [OR 2.61 (1.31-5.18) and 3.25 (1.31-8.06), RR 1.51(1.15-2.0) and 1.72 (1.08-2.73) and RD 23.2 (6.90-39.5) and 28.53(7.0-50.1) for heterozygous AG (p=0.005) and homozygous GG (p=0.009)]. @entity1 homozygous for the G allele exhibited a significantly poor overall survival. The median survival time for @entity1 with @entity4179 61 AA, AG, and GG genotypes was 10.5, 7.4, and 7.1 months (p=0.02), respectively. @entity1149 (ADC) @entity1 with GG + AG exhibited 7.3 months median survival compared to the AA genotype (p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that the @entity4179 @entity32278 genotype may be a novel independent prognostic marker to identify @entity1 at higher risk of occurrence and an unfavourable clinical outcome.

title: Clinical Implication of @entity4179 @entity32278 Polymorphism in the Risk of Non Small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma XXXX : A Case Control Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bacterial adherence to the urinary catheter is an early step in biofilm formation and the pathogenesis of catheter associated @entity293 . We studied in vitro the effect of @entity575 or @entity12863 impregnation of urinary catheters on uropathogen ability to adhere to urinary catheters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied commercially available @entity12863 - @entity1346 , @entity1346 only, @entity575 - @entity1346 -hydrogel, @entity1346 -hydrogel, @entity575 -latex-hydrogel and latex-hydrogel catheters. Catheters were incubated in sterile broth for 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days, respectively, before inoculation and overnight incubation with @entity526 or @entity797 . RESULTS: Adherence of @entity526 and @entity797 to @entity12863 catheters was significantly decreased compared to that of @entity1346 -only catheters when catheters were fresh. The anti-adherence effect of @entity12863 on @entity526 decreased with time but was still significant at 5 days. For @entity797 the effect of @entity12863 was lost by 3 days of pre-incubation. @entity526 adherence was not significantly decreased on @entity575 impregnated catheters compared to that on control catheters of the same base material. @entity575 was associated with a significant decrease in @entity797 adherence to latex-hydrogel catheters but not to @entity1346 -hydrogel catheters. The adherence of each species to @entity1346 catheters with hydrogel was significantly lower than that to @entity1346 -only control catheters. CONCLUSIONS: @entity575 impregnation had little effect on bacterial adherence in our model and @entity12863 impregnation had a significant effect only for the first 5 days. Our results do not support a role for @entity575 urinary catheters to prevent catheter associated @entity293 by decreasing bacterial adherence.

title: XXXX or @entity12863 impregnation of urinary catheters has a minimal effect on uropathogen adherence.

entities_list: @entity12863 :: ('MESH:D009583', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrofurazone']

entities_list: @entity575 :: ('MESH:D012834', 'Chemical') :: ['Silver', 'silver']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis', 'E. faecalis']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['Silver']


abstract: PURPOSE: Bacterial adherence to the urinary catheter is an early step in biofilm formation and the pathogenesis of catheter associated @entity293 . We studied in vitro the effect of @entity575 or @entity12863 impregnation of urinary catheters on uropathogen ability to adhere to urinary catheters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied commercially available @entity12863 - @entity1346 , @entity1346 only, @entity575 - @entity1346 -hydrogel, @entity1346 -hydrogel, @entity575 -latex-hydrogel and latex-hydrogel catheters. Catheters were incubated in sterile broth for 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days, respectively, before inoculation and overnight incubation with @entity526 or @entity797 . RESULTS: Adherence of @entity526 and @entity797 to @entity12863 catheters was significantly decreased compared to that of @entity1346 -only catheters when catheters were fresh. The anti-adherence effect of @entity12863 on @entity526 decreased with time but was still significant at 5 days. For @entity797 the effect of @entity12863 was lost by 3 days of pre-incubation. @entity526 adherence was not significantly decreased on @entity575 impregnated catheters compared to that on control catheters of the same base material. @entity575 was associated with a significant decrease in @entity797 adherence to latex-hydrogel catheters but not to @entity1346 -hydrogel catheters. The adherence of each species to @entity1346 catheters with hydrogel was significantly lower than that to @entity1346 -only control catheters. CONCLUSIONS: @entity575 impregnation had little effect on bacterial adherence in our model and @entity12863 impregnation had a significant effect only for the first 5 days. Our results do not support a role for @entity575 urinary catheters to prevent catheter associated @entity293 by decreasing bacterial adherence.

title: @entity575 or XXXX impregnation of urinary catheters has a minimal effect on uropathogen adherence.

answer: @entity12863 :: (MESH:D009583,Chemical) :: ['nitrofurazone']


abstract: Findings from twin studies yield heritability estimates of 0.50 for prosocial behaviours like empathy, cooperativeness and altruism. First molecular genetic studies underline the influence of polymorphisms located on genes coding for the receptors of the neuropeptides, @entity398 and vasopressin. However, the proportion of variance explained by these gene loci is rather low indicating that additional genetic variants must be involved. Pharmacological studies show that the dopaminergic system interacts with @entity398 and vasopressin. The present experimental study tests a dopaminergic candidate polymorphism for altruistic behaviour, the functional @entity5549 @entity27510 SNP. N   =   101 healthy Caucasian subjects participated in the study. Altruism was assessed by the amount of money donated to a poor @entity1 in a developing country, after having earned money by participating in two straining computer experiments. Construct validity of the experimental data was given: the highest correlation between the amount of donations and personality was observed for cooperativeness (r   =   0.32, P    <=   0.001). Carriers of at least one @entity2596 allele donated about twice as much money as compared with those @entity1 without a @entity2596 allele (P   =   0.01). Cooperativeness and the @entity2596 allele of @entity5549 additively explained 14.6% of the variance in donation behaviour. Results indicate that the @entity2596 allele representing strong catabolism of @entity935 is related to altruism.

title: Investigating the genetic basis of altruism: the role of the @entity5549 XXXX polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity27510 :: ('p|SUB|V|158|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val158Met']

answer: @entity27510 :: (p|SUB|V|158|M,ProteinMutation) :: ['Val158Met']


abstract: Findings from twin studies yield heritability estimates of 0.50 for prosocial behaviours like empathy, cooperativeness and altruism. First molecular genetic studies underline the influence of polymorphisms located on genes coding for the receptors of the neuropeptides, @entity398 and vasopressin. However, the proportion of variance explained by these gene loci is rather low indicating that additional genetic variants must be involved. Pharmacological studies show that the dopaminergic system interacts with @entity398 and vasopressin. The present experimental study tests a dopaminergic candidate polymorphism for altruistic behaviour, the functional @entity5549 @entity27510 SNP. N   =   101 healthy Caucasian subjects participated in the study. Altruism was assessed by the amount of money donated to a poor @entity1 in a developing country, after having earned money by participating in two straining computer experiments. Construct validity of the experimental data was given: the highest correlation between the amount of donations and personality was observed for cooperativeness (r   =   0.32, P    <=   0.001). Carriers of at least one @entity2596 allele donated about twice as much money as compared with those @entity1 without a @entity2596 allele (P   =   0.01). Cooperativeness and the @entity2596 allele of @entity5549 additively explained 14.6% of the variance in donation behaviour. Results indicate that the @entity2596 allele representing strong catabolism of @entity935 is related to altruism.

title: Investigating the genetic basis of altruism: the role of the XXXX @entity27510 polymorphism.

answer: @entity5549 :: (1312,Gene) :: ['COMT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the contemporary management and outcomes of @entity1 presenting with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in Australia. DESIGN, @entity1 AND SETTING: Observational analysis of data for @entity1 who presented with suspected @entity583 and enrolled in the Australian Acute Coronary Syndrome Prospective Audit from 1 November 2005 to 31 July 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Factors associated with use of reperfusion therapy and timely use of reperfusion therapy, and the effects of reperfusion on mortality. RESULTS: In total, 755 @entity1 had suspected @entity583 . Median time to presentation was 105 minutes (IQR, 60-235 minutes). Reperfusion therapy was used in 66.9% of @entity1 (505/755), and timely reperfusion therapy in 23.1% (174/755). Thombolysis was administered in 39.2% of those who received reperfusion therapy (198/505), while 60.8% (307/505) received primary percutaneous intervention. @entity1167 (OR, 2.83; P = 0.001) and treatment under the auspices of a cardiology unit (OR, 2.14; P = 0.02) were associated with use of reperfusion therapy. A normal electrocardiogram on presentation (OR, 0.42; P = 0.01), @entity714 (OR, 0.18; P = 0.001), @entity4 (OR, 0.34; P < 0.01), history of @entity6 (OR, 0.54; P < 0.01), and previous lesion on angiogram of > 50% (OR, 0.51; P = 0.001) were associated with not using reperfusion. In hospital mortality was 4.0% (30/755), mortality at 30 days was 4.8% (36/755), and mortality at 1 year was 7.8% (59/755). Receiving reperfusion therapy of any kind was associated with decreased 12-month mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25-0.78; P < 0.01). Timely reperfusion was associated with a reduction in mortality of 78% (HR, 0.22; P = 0.04). There were no significant differences in early and late mortality in rural @entity1 compared with metropolitan @entity1 (P = 0.66). CONCLUSION: Timely reperfusion, not the modality of reperfusion, was associated with significant outcome benefits. Australian use of timely or any reperfusion remains poor and incomplete.

title: Reperfusion therapy in the acute management of XXXX in Australia: findings from the ACACIA registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The role of @entity251 (T) in regulating body composition is conflicting. Thus, our goal is to meta-analyse the effects of @entity1619 ( @entity1619 ) on body composition and metabolic outcomes. METHODS: All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of @entity1619 on different endpoints were considered. RESULTS: Overall, 59 trials were included in the study enrolling 3029 and 2049 @entity1 in @entity1619 and control groups respectively. @entity1619 was associated with any significant modification in body weight, waist circumference and BMI. Conversely, @entity1619 was associated with a significant reduction in fat and with an increase in lean mass as well as with a reduction of fasting glycaemia and insulin resistance. The effect on fasting glycaemia was even higher in younger individuals and in those with @entity209 . When only RCTs enrolling hypogonadal (total T <12mol/l) subjects were considered, a reduction of total @entity165 as well as @entity412 (TGs) levels were also detected. Conversely, an improvement in HDL @entity165 levels as well as in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was not observed. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity1619 is able to improve body composition and glycometabolic profile particularly in younger subjects and in those with metabolic disturbances. Specifically designed studies are urgently needed to confirm this point.

title: THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: XXXX supplementation and body composition: results from a meta-analysis study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'T supplementation']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['Testosterone']


abstract: AIM: To assess the results of surgical treatment of condylar @entity174 using the transparotid approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The transparotid approach was used in 38 @entity1 with @entity174 . In four cases a single 2.0 plate was used, in the latter - 3D plates were used. All the @entity1 were subjected to control clinical examination including: occlusion, @entity2103 , mandibular movements, @entity158 presence, subjective assessment of the scar aesthetics and the presence of salivary fistula or salivary cyst on the first day following surgery and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Control radiography of the mandible in at least two projections was made on the first day after surgery and after 3 months. RESULTS: In 3 @entity1 a partial paresis of the facial nerve was noticed followed by a spontaneous recovery 3 months postoperatively. In 2 @entity1 acoustic effects, without @entity158 in the temporomandibular joint of the fractured side were still present 6 months postoperatively. Plate @entity174 were found in two out of four @entity1 operated on with single-plate technique. Loosening and displacement of a fixation screw occurred in 4 @entity1 ; in 3 cases it referred to a single 2.0 plate and in one, a Delta plate. Post-operation scar was accepted by all the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The transparotid approach allows for direct visualisation of the @entity174 providing @entity353 and osteosynthesis, with a low risk of @entity2103 . Precise wound closure in layers, especially of the parotid capsule allows avoiding a salivary fistula.

title: The use of the transparotid approach for surgical treatment of condylar XXXX - Own experience.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['proper reduction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'unilateral condylar fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve paresis', 'facial nerve function']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tonsillectomies (TE) in Germany are traditionally performed during inpatient hospital stays. Socioeconomic changes in the healthcare system have resulted in shorter hospital stays. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate whether a shorter hospital stay of 2  days leads to increased @entity86 after TE. Factors affecting the duration of hospitalization were also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relevant data of all @entity1 (>=   14  years) undergoing TE in the ENT Clinic of the Charit   Universit  tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, between  2011 and  2013 were recorded anonymously. Risk factors for @entity548 after TE were analyzed. Additionally, @entity1 who had a hospital stay of 2  days (since  2013) were compared with @entity1 hospitalized for  >=   3  days, and the influence of various risk factors on the length of hospital stay was analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period 2011-2013, 376  procedures were performed and data from 213  @entity1 was collected for analysis. Median @entity1 age was 26  years (range 14-73  years). The rate of primary @entity548 (up to 24  hours after TE) was 2   % and the rate of secondary @entity548 (later than 24  hours) was 24   %. In 7% of @entity1 with @entity86 (primary and secondary) surgical hemostasis was performed. Male gender was associated with a significantly higher @entity548 rate. Shortening postdischarge surveillance to only 2  days did not affect the @entity86 rate. CONCLUSION: The duration of stationary monitoring following TE should not only be based on the rate of secondary @entity548 , but also on @entity1 comfort and safety. A shortening of postoperative monitoring to only 2  days had no effect on the @entity548 frequency after TE and can therefore, be considered for adults who do not live alone and are within a reasonable distance to a hospital.

title: [Tonsillectomy in adults : Length of hospital stay has no influence on the frequency of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding', 'postoperative haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']