abstract: AIMS: In a retrospective study design, we explored the immediate results of redo-percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in comparison with initial percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 30 consecutive @entity1 with de-novo @entity4794 (group A) and 40 consecutive @entity1 with @entity339 after successful initial percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (group B). Echocardiographic assessment of the mitral valve was performed in all @entity1 by trans-thoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography excluded @entity715 . Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty was performed by the antegrade trans-septal approach using either the standard Inoue technique or the multi-track technique. @entity1 assessment by trans-thoracic echocardiography was repeated 48 hours following the procedure. Procedural success was defined as a 50% or more increase of mitral valve area with a final mitral valve area > or = 1.5 cm2, without major complications. Procedural success was achieved in 28 (93.3%) @entity1 in group A and in 37 (92.5%) @entity1 in group B (p > 0.05). The two groups were similar concerning the final mitral valve area, gain of mitral valve area, mean pressure gradient across the mitral valve and complication rate (p > 0.05 for all). The final mitral valve area correlated negatively with the initial mitral valve score in both group A and B. CONCLUSION: Redo-percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for @entity339 achieves comparable immediate results to initial percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty.

title: Head-to-head comparison between redo percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for XXXX and percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for de novo @entity4794 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['left atrial thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral restenosis']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral restenosis']


abstract: AIMS: In a retrospective study design, we explored the immediate results of redo-percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty in comparison with initial percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: We included 30 consecutive @entity1 with de-novo @entity4794 (group A) and 40 consecutive @entity1 with @entity339 after successful initial percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (group B). Echocardiographic assessment of the mitral valve was performed in all @entity1 by trans-thoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography excluded @entity715 . Percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty was performed by the antegrade trans-septal approach using either the standard Inoue technique or the multi-track technique. @entity1 assessment by trans-thoracic echocardiography was repeated 48 hours following the procedure. Procedural success was defined as a 50% or more increase of mitral valve area with a final mitral valve area > or = 1.5 cm2, without major complications. Procedural success was achieved in 28 (93.3%) @entity1 in group A and in 37 (92.5%) @entity1 in group B (p > 0.05). The two groups were similar concerning the final mitral valve area, gain of mitral valve area, mean pressure gradient across the mitral valve and complication rate (p > 0.05 for all). The final mitral valve area correlated negatively with the initial mitral valve score in both group A and B. CONCLUSION: Redo-percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for @entity339 achieves comparable immediate results to initial percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty.

title: Head-to-head comparison between redo percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for @entity339 and percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty for de novo XXXX .

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: This study was initiated to evaluate the effects of varying the length and site of origin of small-intestine transplants on rejection and on @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Eighty @entity35 had heterotopic transplants performed with systemic venous drainage of the grafts. The host native bowel was left in situ and no immunosuppressive agents were used. Twenty male Lewis inbred (LEW) @entity35 who received isogenic grafts survived without any evidence of rejection or @entity2132 . When intestine from Lewis X Brown Norway hybrid @entity35 (LBN) was transplanted into LEW @entity35 , rejection occurred between day 6 and 9 and the time of onset of rejection was not influenced either by the length of transplanted bowel (10 to 80 cm, n = 6 each) or by whether the graft was from the jejunum or the ileum. However, rates of survival for 100 days from rejection were significantly better if 10 cm (100%) or 20 cm (84%) was transplanted than if the grafts were 40 cm or more in length (56%). The LBN recipients of LEW allografts developed @entity2132 on days 7 through 9, and this response was similarly unrelated to the length or segment of bowel transplanted. However, host survival was quite dependent on graft segment length and site of origin. All animals who received 20 cm or less of proximal bowel survived (with @entity2132 but no evidence of rejection). While 50% of the animals that received proximal intestinal grafts 40 cm in length survived @entity2132 , none who received identical-sized grafts from the distal ileum survived (all were dead by day 20). Our data document that the results of small-intestine transplantation is dependent on the length and site of origin of the grafts.

title: The effects of size and site of origin of intestinal grafts on small-bowel transplantation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease', 'GVHD']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The genomic duplication associated with @entity72436 ( @entity72436 ) maps in close proximity to the duplication associated with @entity5108 ( @entity5108 ). @entity72436 is characterized by @entity2421 , @entity177 to thrive, reduced body weight, @entity717 , and autistic features. @entity5108 is a common autosomal dominant distal symmetric peripheral @entity305 . The key dosage-sensitive genes @entity33237 and @entity12344 are respectively associated with @entity72436 and @entity5108 . Recurrent duplications accounting for the majority of subjects with these conditions are mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination between distinct low-copy repeat (LCR) substrates. The LCRs flanking a contiguous genomic interval encompassing both @entity33237 and @entity12344 do not share extensive homology; thus, duplications encompassing both loci are rare and potentially generated by a different mutational mechanism. We characterized genomic rearrangements that simultaneously duplicate @entity12344 and @entity33237 , including nine potential complex genomic rearrangements, in 23 subjects by high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization and breakpoint junction sequencing. Insertions and microhomologies were found at the breakpoint junctions, suggesting potential replicative mechanisms for rearrangement formation. At the breakpoint junctions of these nonrecurrent rearrangements, enrichment of repetitive DNA sequences was observed, indicating that they might predispose to genomic instability and rearrangement. Clinical evaluation revealed @entity72436 and @entity5108 phenotypes with a potential earlier onset of @entity16 . Moreover, additional clinical findings might be observed due to the extra duplicated material included in the rearrangements. Our genomic analysis suggests replicative mechanisms as a predominant mechanism underlying @entity12344 - @entity33237 contiguous gene duplications and provides further evidence supporting the role of complex genomic architecture in genomic instability.

title: Nonrecurrent 17p11.2p12 Rearrangement Events that Result in Two Concomitant Genomic Disorders: The XXXX - @entity33237 Contiguous Gene Duplication Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A', 'CMT1A']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity72436 :: ('MESH:C538355', 'Disease') :: ['Potocki-Lupski syndrome', 'PTLS', 'blended PTLS']

answer: @entity12344 :: (5376,Gene) :: ['PMP22']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The genomic duplication associated with @entity72436 ( @entity72436 ) maps in close proximity to the duplication associated with @entity5108 ( @entity5108 ). @entity72436 is characterized by @entity2421 , @entity177 to thrive, reduced body weight, @entity717 , and autistic features. @entity5108 is a common autosomal dominant distal symmetric peripheral @entity305 . The key dosage-sensitive genes @entity33237 and @entity12344 are respectively associated with @entity72436 and @entity5108 . Recurrent duplications accounting for the majority of subjects with these conditions are mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination between distinct low-copy repeat (LCR) substrates. The LCRs flanking a contiguous genomic interval encompassing both @entity33237 and @entity12344 do not share extensive homology; thus, duplications encompassing both loci are rare and potentially generated by a different mutational mechanism. We characterized genomic rearrangements that simultaneously duplicate @entity12344 and @entity33237 , including nine potential complex genomic rearrangements, in 23 subjects by high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization and breakpoint junction sequencing. Insertions and microhomologies were found at the breakpoint junctions, suggesting potential replicative mechanisms for rearrangement formation. At the breakpoint junctions of these nonrecurrent rearrangements, enrichment of repetitive DNA sequences was observed, indicating that they might predispose to genomic instability and rearrangement. Clinical evaluation revealed @entity72436 and @entity5108 phenotypes with a potential earlier onset of @entity16 . Moreover, additional clinical findings might be observed due to the extra duplicated material included in the rearrangements. Our genomic analysis suggests replicative mechanisms as a predominant mechanism underlying @entity12344 - @entity33237 contiguous gene duplications and provides further evidence supporting the role of complex genomic architecture in genomic instability.

title: Nonrecurrent 17p11.2p12 Rearrangement Events that Result in Two Concomitant Genomic Disorders: The @entity12344 - XXXX Contiguous Gene Duplication Syndrome.

answer: @entity33237 :: (10743,Gene) :: ['RAI1']


abstract: @entity1 @entity449 have been associated with @entity32 and vascular remodeling. Since the endocannabinoid system modulates @entity32 and tissue remodeling, we investigated its components in @entity1 @entity449 . We obtained anterior aortic wall samples from @entity1 undergoing elective surgery for @entity449 or @entity453 as controls. Histological and molecular analysis (RT-qPCR) was performed, and endocannabinoid concentration was determined using LC-MRM. @entity1 characteristics were comparable between the groups except for a higher incidence of arterial @entity101 and @entity6 in the control group. mRNA level of cannabinoid receptors was significantly higher in @entity439 than in controls. Concentration of the endocannabinoid @entity9394 was significantly higher, while the second endocannabinoid @entity9393 and its metabolite @entity1426 and @entity9395 were significantly lower in @entity439 . Histology revealed persistent infiltration of newly recruited leukocytes and significantly higher mononuclear cell density in adventitia of the @entity439 . Proinflammatory environment in @entity439 was shown by significant upregulation of @entity6824 and PPARy but associated with downregulation of chemokines. We found comparable collagen-stained area between the groups, significantly decreased mRNA level of @entity12020 , osteopontin-1, and @entity1476 , and increased @entity22078 expression in @entity439 . Our data provides evidence for endocannabinoid system activation in @entity1 @entity449 , associated with persistent low-level @entity32 and vascular remodeling.

title: Activation of Endocannabinoid System Is Associated with Persistent Inflammation in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'Patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-arachidonoylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity9395 :: ('MESH:C005958', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoylethanolamide']

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: @entity1 @entity449 have been associated with @entity32 and vascular remodeling. Since the endocannabinoid system modulates @entity32 and tissue remodeling, we investigated its components in @entity1 @entity449 . We obtained anterior aortic wall samples from @entity1 undergoing elective surgery for @entity449 or @entity453 as controls. Histological and molecular analysis (RT-qPCR) was performed, and endocannabinoid concentration was determined using LC-MRM. @entity1 characteristics were comparable between the groups except for a higher incidence of arterial @entity101 and @entity6 in the control group. mRNA level of cannabinoid receptors was significantly higher in @entity439 than in controls. Concentration of the endocannabinoid @entity9394 was significantly higher, while the second endocannabinoid @entity9393 and its metabolite @entity1426 and @entity9395 were significantly lower in @entity439 . Histology revealed persistent infiltration of newly recruited leukocytes and significantly higher mononuclear cell density in adventitia of the @entity439 . Proinflammatory environment in @entity439 was shown by significant upregulation of @entity6824 and PPARy but associated with downregulation of chemokines. We found comparable collagen-stained area between the groups, significantly decreased mRNA level of @entity12020 , osteopontin-1, and @entity1476 , and increased @entity22078 expression in @entity439 . Our data provides evidence for endocannabinoid system activation in @entity1 @entity449 , associated with persistent low-level @entity32 and vascular remodeling.

title: Activation of Endocannabinoid System Is Associated with Persistent Inflammation in XXXX @entity449 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the association of @entity2720 ( @entity2720 ) and plantar foot pressure in Asian Indian @entity6 subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The @entity2720 and plantar pressure were measured in 345 consecutive subjects attending the foot clinic. The study groups were: Control-non- @entity6 controls (n=50), @entity3918 - @entity6 @entity1 without @entity16 (n=100), @entity3918 +N- @entity6 neuropaths (n=110) and @entity3918 +NU- @entity6 neuropaths with past history of foot @entity1066 (n=85). Joint mobility was assessed using a goniometer. Plantar pressure was measured using the RS-Scan platform system. All subjects were able to walk comfortably unaided at their own pace. Data obtained on the metatarsal heads were used for analysis. @entity16 status was assessed using the biothesiometer. RESULTS: The @entity6 @entity1 had higher prevalence of @entity2720 and higher plantar pressure than control subjects (P<0.0001). Among the @entity6 @entity1 , those with @entity16 and history of plantar @entity1066 had higher @entity2720 and plantar pressure compared to non-neuropaths (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity2720 and high plantar pressure appear to be important determinants of foot @entity1066 in susceptible @entity1109 Indian @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Association of XXXX and high plantar pressure in diabetic foot ulceration in Asian Indians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic South']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['LJM', 'limited joint mobility']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['limited joint mobility']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess arterial distensibility using pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) measurements and its relation with endothelium dependent vasodilatation (EDV) in @entity1 with cardiological @entity1112 . METHODS: The study group consisted of 92 @entity1 : 52 with @entity1112 (34 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 , mean (SD) age 45 (3) years) and 40 healthy volunteer controls (27 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 , mean (SD) age 41 (2) years) without risk factors of @entity731 and with negative ECG exercise test and normal proximal coronaries on transoesophageal echocardiography. @entity1 with @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity66 , or @entity296 were excluded. @entity122 measured by a Complior Colson device was calculated for each @entity1 . EDV was assessed from two dimensional Doppler measurement using an Acuson Sequoia with 8 MHz linear transducer at rest, during postischaemic reactive hyperaemia, and after an oral dose of 400 micro g of @entity1242 . RESULTS: @entity122 was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1112 than in healthy subjects (9.3 (0.7) m/s v 8.2 (0.9) m/s, respectively, p < 0.001). Baseline brachial artery diameter was similar in the @entity1112 and control groups (4.0 (0.6) mm v 4.08 (0.64) mm, NS). EDV was impaired in @entity1 with @entity1112 compared with controls (6.6 (3.0)% v 11.1 (3.9)%, p < 0.001). Endothelium independent vasodilatation was similar in both groups. In @entity1 with @entity1112 there was a positive correlation between @entity122 and the degree of EDV (r = 0.864, p < 0.001). The cut off value for @entity122 was 8.5 m/s, with a sensitivity of 62% and a specificity of 91%. CONCLUSIONS: EDV but not @entity1242 induced vasodilatation is decreased in @entity1 with @entity1112 . There is a strong correlation between @entity122 and the degree of @entity409 of peripheral arteries in @entity1 with @entity1112 . @entity122 assessment may be useful to identify abnormal vascular physiology in these @entity1 .

title: Arterial dysfunction in XXXX : results of arterial reactivity and pulse wave propagation tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['valvar disease']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['glyceryl trinitrate']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome X']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1112 :: (MESH:D040181,Disease) :: ['syndrome X']


abstract: This study examined the relative role of FSH and LH in governing testicular inhibin B secretion in the @entity2608 . Adult male monkeys, rendered hypogonadotropic and hypogonadal by administration of a @entity1176 receptor antagonist ( @entity23653 ), were implanted with @entity251 (T)-filled or empty capsules. Following T-induced restoration of spermatogenesis, both groups received recombinant @entity1 FSH and vehicle for 12 d. Juvenile male monkeys received an 11-d infusion of single-chain recombinant @entity1 LH and recombinant @entity1 FSH, either alone or in combination. In adults, chronic @entity6126 resulted in a modest reduction of circulating @entity25086 levels, which was more than fully reversed by FSH. In the presence of T, which exerted a marked suppression in inhibin B secretion, FSH restored inhibin B levels only to those observed before @entity23653 treatment. In juveniles, treatment with single-chain recombinant @entity1 LH led to a suppression of inhibin B secretion and curtailed the FSH-induced stimulation of this testicular hormone. The T-induced decrease in inhibin B secretion was associated with suppression in @entity72437 mRNA levels, but FSH stimulation of inhibin B secretion occurred in the absence of clear changes in expression of this subunit gene. These findings indicate that inhibin B secretion by the monkey testis is governed by the inhibitory and stimulatory action of LH and FSH, respectively. The action of LH is presumably indirect and likely mediated by T inhibition of @entity72437 gene expression. The molecular basis of the stimulatory action of FSH on inhibin B secretion requires further study.

title: Inhibitory and stimulatory regulation of testicular inhibin B secretion by luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, respectively, in the XXXX ( @entity2608 ).

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadotropism']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkey']


abstract: This study examined the relative role of FSH and LH in governing testicular inhibin B secretion in the @entity2608 . Adult male monkeys, rendered hypogonadotropic and hypogonadal by administration of a @entity1176 receptor antagonist ( @entity23653 ), were implanted with @entity251 (T)-filled or empty capsules. Following T-induced restoration of spermatogenesis, both groups received recombinant @entity1 FSH and vehicle for 12 d. Juvenile male monkeys received an 11-d infusion of single-chain recombinant @entity1 LH and recombinant @entity1 FSH, either alone or in combination. In adults, chronic @entity6126 resulted in a modest reduction of circulating @entity25086 levels, which was more than fully reversed by FSH. In the presence of T, which exerted a marked suppression in inhibin B secretion, FSH restored inhibin B levels only to those observed before @entity23653 treatment. In juveniles, treatment with single-chain recombinant @entity1 LH led to a suppression of inhibin B secretion and curtailed the FSH-induced stimulation of this testicular hormone. The T-induced decrease in inhibin B secretion was associated with suppression in @entity72437 mRNA levels, but FSH stimulation of inhibin B secretion occurred in the absence of clear changes in expression of this subunit gene. These findings indicate that inhibin B secretion by the monkey testis is governed by the inhibitory and stimulatory action of LH and FSH, respectively. The action of LH is presumably indirect and likely mediated by T inhibition of @entity72437 gene expression. The molecular basis of the stimulatory action of FSH on inhibin B secretion requires further study.

title: Inhibitory and stimulatory regulation of testicular inhibin B secretion by luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, respectively, in the @entity2608 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Macaca mulatta']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: All currently available @entity328 (Spn) vaccines have limitations due to their capsular serotype composition. Both the 23-valent Spn polysaccharide vaccine ( @entity2286 ) and 7, 10, or 13-valent Spn conjugate vaccines ( @entity1485 -7, 10, -13) are serotype-based vaccines and therefore they elicit only serotype-specific immunity. Emergence of replacement Spn strains expressing other serotypes has consistently occurred following introduction of capsular serotype based Spn vaccines. Furthermore, capsular polysaccharide vaccines are less effective in protection against non-bacteremic @entity55 and @entity697 ( @entity697 ) than against @entity3 ( @entity3 ). These shortcomings of capsular polysaccharide-based Spn vaccines has created high interest in development of non-serotype specific protein-based vaccines that could be effective in preventing both @entity3 . This review discusses the progress the progress to date on development of Spn protein vaccine candidates that are universally expressed by all Spn strains, are highly conserved, exhibit maximal antigenicity and minimal reactogenicity to replace or complement the current capsule-based vaccines. Key to development of a protein based Spn vaccine is an understanding of Spn pathogenesis. Based on pathogenesis, a protein-based Spn vaccine should include one or more ingredients that reduce NP colonization below a pathogenic inoculum. Elimination of all Spn colonization may not be achievable or even advisable. The level of expression of a target protein antigen during pathogenesis is another key to the success of protein based vaccines.. As with virtually all currently licensed vaccines, production of a serum antibody response in response to protein based vaccines is anticipated to provide protection from Spn infections. A significant advantage that protein vaccine formulations can offer over capsule based vaccination is their potential benefits associated with natural priming and boosting to all strains of Spn. One of the most universal and comprehensive approaches of identifying novel vaccine candidates is the investigation of @entity1 sera from different disease stages of natural infections. Antigens that are robustly reactive in preliminary human serum screening constitute a pathogen-specific antigenome. This strategy has identified a number of Spn protein vaccine candidates that are moving forward in @entity1 clinical trials.

title: Next generation protein based XXXX vaccines.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'AOM']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['IPD and non-IPD infections', 'IPD', 'invasive pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: In the agonadal, androgenized ewe @entity251 before birth produces a precocious pubertal rise in circulating LH and abolishes the LH surge mechanism. The present study tested two predictions from this model in the ovary-intact female: 1) prenatal @entity342 exposure produces early ovarian stimulation; and 2) despite early ovarian stimulation, progestogenic cycles would not occur because of the abolition or disruption of the LH surge. Pregnant ewes were injected with @entity3033 twice per week from either d 30-90 (T60 group; 100 mg/injection) or d 60-90 (T30 group; 80 mg/injection) of gestation (term, 147 d). Control ewes received no injections. At birth, the androgenized and control @entity742 were divided into two groups: ovary-intact to determine the effects of prenatal @entity342 on the timing of puberty and subsequent ovarian function, and ovariectomized to assess the timing of the pubertal decrease in sensitivity to @entity172 negative feedback and the subsequent increase in LH. Neonatally orchidectomized, @entity172 -treated males were included for comparison of the timing of this pubertal rise in LH secretion. Neuroendocrine puberty (determined on the basis of LH increase) was advanced in the androgenized females to a similar age as in males. Repeated @entity1420 cycles of the same duration and number occurred in the ovary-intact ewes, and they began at the same time as for control females, thus negating both predictions. Differences appeared during the second breeding season, when reproductive cycles were either absent (T60) or disrupted (T30 group). Our findings reveal that exposure to @entity3800 in utero causes a progressive loss of cyclic function in adulthood.

title: Prenatal programming of reproductive neuroendocrine function: fetal @entity342 exposure produces progressive disruption of reproductive cycles in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: In the agonadal, androgenized ewe @entity251 before birth produces a precocious pubertal rise in circulating LH and abolishes the LH surge mechanism. The present study tested two predictions from this model in the ovary-intact female: 1) prenatal @entity342 exposure produces early ovarian stimulation; and 2) despite early ovarian stimulation, progestogenic cycles would not occur because of the abolition or disruption of the LH surge. Pregnant ewes were injected with @entity3033 twice per week from either d 30-90 (T60 group; 100 mg/injection) or d 60-90 (T30 group; 80 mg/injection) of gestation (term, 147 d). Control ewes received no injections. At birth, the androgenized and control @entity742 were divided into two groups: ovary-intact to determine the effects of prenatal @entity342 on the timing of puberty and subsequent ovarian function, and ovariectomized to assess the timing of the pubertal decrease in sensitivity to @entity172 negative feedback and the subsequent increase in LH. Neonatally orchidectomized, @entity172 -treated males were included for comparison of the timing of this pubertal rise in LH secretion. Neuroendocrine puberty (determined on the basis of LH increase) was advanced in the androgenized females to a similar age as in males. Repeated @entity1420 cycles of the same duration and number occurred in the ovary-intact ewes, and they began at the same time as for control females, thus negating both predictions. Differences appeared during the second breeding season, when reproductive cycles were either absent (T60) or disrupted (T30 group). Our findings reveal that exposure to @entity3800 in utero causes a progressive loss of cyclic function in adulthood.

title: Prenatal programming of reproductive neuroendocrine function: fetal XXXX exposure produces progressive disruption of reproductive cycles in @entity742 .

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: Social psychologists have learned a great deal about the nature of intergroup conflict and the attitudinal and cognitive processes that enable it. Less is known about where these processes come from in the first place. In particular, do our strategies for dealing with other groups emerge in the absence of @entity1 -specific experiences? One profitable way to answer this question has involved administering tests that are conceptual equivalents of those used with adult @entity1 in other species, thereby exploring the continuity or discontinuity of psychological processes. We examined intergroup preferences in a nonhuman species, the @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ). We found the first evidence that a nonhuman species automatically distinguishes the faces of members of its own social group from those in other groups and displays greater vigilance toward outgroup members (Experiments 1-3). In addition, we observed that macaques spontaneously associate novel objects with specific social groups and display greater vigilance to objects associated with outgroup members (Experiments 4-5). Finally, we developed a looking time procedure-the Looking Time Implicit Association Test, which resembles the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald _ Banaji, 1995)-and we discovered that macaques, like @entity1 , automatically evaluate ingroup members positively and outgroup members negatively (Experiments 6-7). These field studies represent the first controlled experiments to examine the presence of intergroup attitudes in a nonhuman species. As such, these studies suggest that the architecture of the mind that enables the formation of these biases may be rooted in phylogenetically ancient mechanisms.

title: The evolution of intergroup bias: perceptions and attitudes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Macaca mulatta', 'rhesus macaque']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaques']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The transcription factor NF-kB has been associated with a range of pathological conditions of the heart, mainly based on its function as a master regulator of @entity32 and pro-survival factor. Here, we addressed the question what effects activation of NF-kB can have during @entity19 heart development. We expressed a constitutively active (CA) mutant of @entity28293 , the kinase activating canonical NF-kB signaling, specifically in cardiomyocytes under the control of the a-myosin heavy chain promoter. Expression of @entity28293 -CA resulted in @entity2085 around E13. Embryos showed defects in compact zone formation and the contractile apparatus, and overall were characterized by widespread @entity32 with infiltration of myeloid cells. Gene expression analysis suggested an interferon type I signature, with increased expression of interferon regulatory factors. While apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was only increased at later stages, their proliferation was decreased early on, providing an explanation for the disturbed compact zone formation. Mechanistically, this could be explained by activation of the JAK/STAT axis and increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor @entity25844 . A rescue experiment with an IkBa superrepressor demonstrated that the phenotype was dependent on NF-kB. We conclude that activation of NF-kB is detrimental during normal heart development due to excessive activation of pro-inflammatory pathways.

title: Cardiac-Specific Activation of XXXX Leads to Defects in Heart Development and @entity2085 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lethality']

answer: @entity28293 :: (16150(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IKK2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The transcription factor NF-kB has been associated with a range of pathological conditions of the heart, mainly based on its function as a master regulator of @entity32 and pro-survival factor. Here, we addressed the question what effects activation of NF-kB can have during @entity19 heart development. We expressed a constitutively active (CA) mutant of @entity28293 , the kinase activating canonical NF-kB signaling, specifically in cardiomyocytes under the control of the a-myosin heavy chain promoter. Expression of @entity28293 -CA resulted in @entity2085 around E13. Embryos showed defects in compact zone formation and the contractile apparatus, and overall were characterized by widespread @entity32 with infiltration of myeloid cells. Gene expression analysis suggested an interferon type I signature, with increased expression of interferon regulatory factors. While apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was only increased at later stages, their proliferation was decreased early on, providing an explanation for the disturbed compact zone formation. Mechanistically, this could be explained by activation of the JAK/STAT axis and increased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor @entity25844 . A rescue experiment with an IkBa superrepressor demonstrated that the phenotype was dependent on NF-kB. We conclude that activation of NF-kB is detrimental during normal heart development due to excessive activation of pro-inflammatory pathways.

title: Cardiac-Specific Activation of @entity28293 Leads to Defects in Heart Development and XXXX .

answer: @entity2085 :: (MESH:D020964,Disease) :: ['Embryonic Lethality']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the value of the spot protein/ @entity1011 ratio as the diagnostic test for @entity1468 by correlating it to the 24   h urine protein. For the spot test, this study uses the cut-off value recognised by the International Society for the Study of @entity101 in Pregnancy (ISSHP). Ours was a correlational study made in the setting of the antenatal assessment unit/antenatal ward in a District General Hospital. @entity1 at>24 weeks' gestation with @entity101 and>1+ @entity644 (n=32) were included in the study. A 10   ml sample of urine was collected for the spot protein/ @entity1011 ratio (PCR) before the 24   h collection was started. Spot PCR samples were stored at -18  C until the end of the study period. The results of the spot PCR were correlated to 24   h results using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Main outcome measures were correlation coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Correlation was significant (r(2)=0.82). Sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 92%; positive likelihood ratio, 10.3; negative likelihood ratio, 0.18. The spot PCR correlates well to the 24   h urine protein. The new cut-off values recognised by the ISSHP are producing consistent results. The evidence in favour of the spot PCR needs to be reassessed by larger studies.

title: Is the urine spot protein/ @entity1011 ratio a valid diagnostic test for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the value of the spot protein/ @entity1011 ratio as the diagnostic test for @entity1468 by correlating it to the 24   h urine protein. For the spot test, this study uses the cut-off value recognised by the International Society for the Study of @entity101 in Pregnancy (ISSHP). Ours was a correlational study made in the setting of the antenatal assessment unit/antenatal ward in a District General Hospital. @entity1 at>24 weeks' gestation with @entity101 and>1+ @entity644 (n=32) were included in the study. A 10   ml sample of urine was collected for the spot protein/ @entity1011 ratio (PCR) before the 24   h collection was started. Spot PCR samples were stored at -18  C until the end of the study period. The results of the spot PCR were correlated to 24   h results using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Main outcome measures were correlation coefficient, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Correlation was significant (r(2)=0.82). Sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 92%; positive likelihood ratio, 10.3; negative likelihood ratio, 0.18. The spot PCR correlates well to the 24   h urine protein. The new cut-off values recognised by the ISSHP are producing consistent results. The evidence in favour of the spot PCR needs to be reassessed by larger studies.

title: Is the urine spot protein/ XXXX ratio a valid diagnostic test for @entity1468 ?

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: An @entity634 ( @entity634 ) cDNA probe and an @entity5003 responsive T-cell clone (D10.G4; half-maximal stimulation, 0.1-1 pM) have been used to study the production of @entity5003 by primary @entity19 cell populations, particularly macrophages and dendritic cells. Spleen and peritoneal macrophages produced @entity5003 mRNA and released biologically active @entity5003 when challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Induction of @entity5003 was evident over a dose range of 0.01-10 micrograms of LPS per ml, and maximal mRNA levels were maintained from 4 to 20 hr. Several other stimuli did not induce @entity5003 in cultured macrophages, including @entity1359 , @entity3019 , @entity637 , and activated T cells. @entity3457 cells could markedly reduce the response of peritoneal macrophages to LPS. When other cell types were compared with macrophages, keratinocytes had high levels of @entity5003 mRNA, apparently in response to endogenous LPS. However B and T lymphocytes did not yield detectable @entity5003 during proliferative responses to LPS and Con A, respectively, while dendritic cells produced little or no @entity5003 when challenged with a battery of stimuli. Therefore, @entity5003 may not be required for the potent accessory function of dendritic cells in lymphocyte mitogenesis. The results indicate that macrophages and dendritic cells have different secretory capacities. The macrophage is the principal leukocyte that synthesizes @entity5003 , and select stimuli increase and decrease the levels of macrophage @entity5003 mRNA.

title: Induction of XXXX interleukin 1: stimuli and responsive primary cells.

entities_list: @entity3019 :: ('16187(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['gamma-interferon, Con A, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-3']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['Activated T']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of @entity177 ( @entity177 ) produced by the Pulsegen device compared with placebo in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity322 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 with @entity322 were randomly assigned to the active @entity177 group (30 @entity1 ) or the placebo group (22 @entity1 ). Each @entity1 in the active group received a Pulsegen device, which produced a pulsating magnetic field of B = 10 microT intensity and a frequency of 10 Hz. @entity1 were asked to wear the Pulsegen device day and night for 2 months. Clinical and urodynamic data were collected before and after @entity177 and analyzed using nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo, the number of pads used was significantly lower (P = 0.0031) after @entity177 , as was the pad weight (P = 0.014). In @entity1 from the active group, a significant improvement in the power of the pelvic floor muscle contractions (P = 0.0071), as well as in the duration of the pelvic floor muscle contractions (P = 0.038), was observed. After @entity177 , a 56.3% improvement in @entity322 was reported by @entity1 in the active group, a significantly greater difference (P = 0.00012) compared with the reported 26.3% improvement in symptoms in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that @entity177 represents a new method in the conservative treatment of @entity322 . Magnetic stimulation with the Pulsegen device is efficient and safe. It can be used at home and, because of its small size, wearing the device is not annoying for @entity1 .

title: Conservative treatment of female XXXX with @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional magnetic stimulation', 'FMS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'urinary incontinence symptoms']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of @entity177 ( @entity177 ) produced by the Pulsegen device compared with placebo in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity322 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 with @entity322 were randomly assigned to the active @entity177 group (30 @entity1 ) or the placebo group (22 @entity1 ). Each @entity1 in the active group received a Pulsegen device, which produced a pulsating magnetic field of B = 10 microT intensity and a frequency of 10 Hz. @entity1 were asked to wear the Pulsegen device day and night for 2 months. Clinical and urodynamic data were collected before and after @entity177 and analyzed using nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo, the number of pads used was significantly lower (P = 0.0031) after @entity177 , as was the pad weight (P = 0.014). In @entity1 from the active group, a significant improvement in the power of the pelvic floor muscle contractions (P = 0.0071), as well as in the duration of the pelvic floor muscle contractions (P = 0.038), was observed. After @entity177 , a 56.3% improvement in @entity322 was reported by @entity1 in the active group, a significantly greater difference (P = 0.00012) compared with the reported 26.3% improvement in symptoms in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that @entity177 represents a new method in the conservative treatment of @entity322 . Magnetic stimulation with the Pulsegen device is efficient and safe. It can be used at home and, because of its small size, wearing the device is not annoying for @entity1 .

title: Conservative treatment of female @entity322 with XXXX .

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['functional magnetic stimulation']


abstract: The expression and cell surface levels of many important receptors are dependent on the maturation stage of dendritic cells (DCs), and related to the unique function of immature and mature DCs. In this report, we show for the first time that @entity1 monocyte-derived DCs express two types of @entity6300 -receptors, @entity21345 and @entity4015 . Furthermore, immature DCs secrete detectable amount of @entity6300 into the culture supernatant. Immature DCs express higher cell surface levels of both C1qRs than mature ones, while the total @entity6301 protein and mRNA levels remain the same. The following experimental evidence supports this conclusion. (1) Inflammatory cytokines and @entity558 , which induce maturation of DCs, downregulate surface expression of both @entity6301 molecules. (2) Cytokines and drugs ( @entity688 , @entity3027 , @entity619 ) that keep DCs phenotypically and functionally immature significantly upregulate the cell surface expression of both C1qRs. (3) Neither of these treatments changed the intracellular @entity21345 level nor the @entity21345 mRNA levels measured by real-time RT-PCR. The elevated surface expression of C1qRs on DCs has been found not to be due to increased apoptosis or cell death as the result of DC treatment. Taken together, these data show that @entity1 monocyte-derived DCs express @entity21345 and @entity4015 , their expression on the cell surface is maturation dependent and imature DCs secrete @entity6300 . These data strongly suggest the role of C1qRs in immature DC function and in the regulation of immune processes.

title: Maturation-dependent expression of XXXX -binding proteins on the cell surface of @entity1 monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity6300 :: (712,Gene) :: ['C1q']


abstract: The expression and cell surface levels of many important receptors are dependent on the maturation stage of dendritic cells (DCs), and related to the unique function of immature and mature DCs. In this report, we show for the first time that @entity1 monocyte-derived DCs express two types of @entity6300 -receptors, @entity21345 and @entity4015 . Furthermore, immature DCs secrete detectable amount of @entity6300 into the culture supernatant. Immature DCs express higher cell surface levels of both C1qRs than mature ones, while the total @entity6301 protein and mRNA levels remain the same. The following experimental evidence supports this conclusion. (1) Inflammatory cytokines and @entity558 , which induce maturation of DCs, downregulate surface expression of both @entity6301 molecules. (2) Cytokines and drugs ( @entity688 , @entity3027 , @entity619 ) that keep DCs phenotypically and functionally immature significantly upregulate the cell surface expression of both C1qRs. (3) Neither of these treatments changed the intracellular @entity21345 level nor the @entity21345 mRNA levels measured by real-time RT-PCR. The elevated surface expression of C1qRs on DCs has been found not to be due to increased apoptosis or cell death as the result of DC treatment. Taken together, these data show that @entity1 monocyte-derived DCs express @entity21345 and @entity4015 , their expression on the cell surface is maturation dependent and imature DCs secrete @entity6300 . These data strongly suggest the role of C1qRs in immature DC function and in the regulation of immune processes.

title: Maturation-dependent expression of @entity6300 -binding proteins on the cell surface of XXXX monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Eighteen CT examinations of the wrist were performed in 13 @entity1 to evaluate the results of treatment for @entity174 . In four cases with metal objects and in seven with cast materials, there was no difficulty achieving adequate CT studies. In 13 cases CT was found to be helpful in determining bony union in the presence of advanced @entity170 . In six cases CT was excellent in evaluating bone-graft incorporation. CT affords improved detection of @entity174 perpendicular to the plane of the scan and also shows small areas of bone disruption, even with @entity170 . Axial CT images can evaluate Lister's tubercle, a bony prominence on the dorsum of the distal radius, for @entity1184 , which can occur secondary to traumatic and degenerative changes. A hypertrophied tubercle can impinge on the extensor pollicis longus tendon and cause @entity194 and disruption. The high cost of CT is offset by the possibility of reducing the @entity1 's period of immobilization and, thereby, the length of time the @entity1 is unable to participate in normal activities. In addition, since CT is often definitive, the number of supplemental or follow-up radiologic procedures or clinical appointments should be reduced. We conclude that CT is useful in evaluating the results of treatment of @entity13316 .

title: CT for determining the results of treatment of XXXX of the wrist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'carpal fractures']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity13316 :: ('MESH:D014954', 'Disease') :: ['wrist injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity305 with associated serum IgM antibodies are often difficult to treat. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the B cell surface membrane marker @entity2225 . Rituximab eliminates B cells from the circulation, and, over time, could reduce cells producing autoantibodies. This study tested the ability of rituximab to produce changes in serum antibody titres, and improvement in strength, in @entity1 with @entity4094 and IgM autoantibodies. METHODS: Over a period of two years, the authors evaluated changes in strength, measured by quantitative dynamometry, and concentrations of several types of serum antibodies in @entity1 with @entity305 and serum IgM autoantibodies. Twenty one @entity1 treated with rituximab were compared with 13 untreated controls. RESULTS: Treatment with rituximab was followed by improved strength (an increase of mean (SEM) 23% (2%)of normal levels of strength), a reduction in serum IgM autoantibodies (to 43% (4%) of initial values), and a reduction in total levels of IgM (to 55% (4%) of initial values). There was no change in levels of serum IgG antibodies. There were no major side effects, even though B cells were virtually eliminated from the circulation for periods up to two years. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with IgM autoantibody associated @entity1897 , rituximab treatment is followed by reduced serum concentrations of IgM, but not IgG, antibodies, and by improvement in strength. Additional studies, with placebo controls and blinded outcome measures, are warranted to further test the efficacy of rituximab treatment of IgM associated @entity305 .

title: Treatment of IgM antibody associated XXXX using rituximab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['Polyneuropathies', 'polyneuropathies']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies']

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['polyneuropathies']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate acute and chronic therapeutic effects of the positive inotropic vasodilating agent @entity11073 . 50 @entity1 with @entity296 or @entity453 and @entity712 participated in the study. Swan-Ganz catheterisation was used in 15 @entity1 ; following injection of 1.5 mg/kg @entity11073 , the mean pulmonary pressure decreased by 26%, the wedge pressure by 27%. Cardiac index rose by 18% (p less than 0.01). 35 @entity1 were examined in the oral study, the avg. dose being 300 mg/day. After 2 and 12 weeks of therapy, exercise tolerance increased by 22% and 13% respectively (p less than 0.05). Cardiac output after maximal workload as determined by equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography increased by 27% and 30% respectively (p less than 0.05). 34 side effects occurred in 23 of 35 @entity1 : @entity390 , orthostasis, @entity951 , @entity591 , hepatotoxicity, @entity882 , @entity5052 and brown coloring of finger-nails. From the hemodynamic point of view @entity11073 is intravenously and orally effective. Careful selection of @entity1 and frequent examinations are however necessary.

title: [ XXXX in acute and long-term therapy].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left heart failure']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity11073 :: (MESH:D000676,Chemical) :: ['Amrinone']


abstract: Oxidative stress plays a major pathogenetic role in @entity65 . The @entity26884 variant of the @entity1115 gene encoding the p22phox subunit of the @entity1110 oxidase, a major source of @entity224 production, has been shown to be associated with @entity453 and with vascular @entity224 production in @entity1 veins ex vivo. Since @entity224 degrades @entity842 (NO), we hypothesized that the @entity26884 variant influences endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the @entity1 forearm vasculature in vivo. In the present study, 90 subjects with elevated @entity165 levels were stratified for the @entity26884 polymorphism of the @entity1115 p22phox gene. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation were assessed by plethysmographic monitoring of forearm blood flow responses to intra-arterial infusion of @entity934 and @entity1854 respectively. @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ) was infused to analyse NO-mediated basal vascular tone. Baseline parameters (age, gender, blood pressure, body mass index, @entity165 level) were similar across the genotypes. No differences in forearm blood flow responses to the intra-arterial infusion of @entity934 , @entity1854 or @entity7293 were found across the @entity1115 p22phox genotypes. Our sample size of n =90 had a power of >80% (beta=0.20) with a P value of <0.05 (alpha=0.05) to detect a difference greater than 156% in the forearm blood flow response to @entity934 across genotypes (S.D. 336%; average increase in forearm blood flow=514%). In conclusion, at a power of 80%, our study excludes a major effect of the @entity26884 @entity1115 p22phox polymorphism on @entity934 -mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation and basal NO-mediated vascular tone of the @entity1 forearm circulation in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia.

title: The XXXX p22phox polymorphism and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia.

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['N(G)-Monomethyl-L-arginine', 'L-NMMA']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity26884 :: (c|SUB|C|242|T,DNAMutation) :: ['C242T']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the consumption of the main groups and sub-groups of vegetables and fruits (V_F) in @entity1 and @entity1 from the centres participating in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC). DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intake was assessed by means of a 24-hour dietary recall using computerised interview software and standardised procedures. Crude and adjusted means were computed for the main groups and sub-groups of V_F by centre, separately for @entity1 and @entity1 . Adjusted means by season, day of the week and age were estimated using weights and covariance analysis. SETTING: Twenty-seven centres in 10 European countries participating in the EPIC project. SUBJECTS: In total, 35 955 subjects (13 031 @entity1 and 22 924 @entity1 ), aged 35-74 years, randomly selected from each EPIC cohort. RESULTS: The centres from southern countries had the highest consumption of V_F, while the lowest intake was seen in The Netherlands and Scandinavia for both genders. These differences were more evident for fruits, particularly citrus. However, slightly different patterns arose for some sub-groups of vegetables, such as root vegetables and cabbage. Adjustment for body mass index, physical activity, smoking habits and education did not substantially modify the mean intakes of vegetables and fruits. CONCLUSIONS: Total vegetable and fruit intake follows a south-north gradient in both genders, whereas for several sub-groups of vegetables a different geographic distribution exists. Differences in mean intake of V_F by centre were not explained by lifestyle factors associated with V_F intake.

title: Consumption of vegetables, fruit and other plant foods in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition (EPIC) cohorts from 10 European countries.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: A family is described with familial @entity3148 associated with @entity3055 . The disorder follows a maternal inheritance pattern consistent with a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. The large kindred permitted exclusion of autosomal dominant, recessive, and X-linked patterns of transmission. Several characteristics of the inheritance and variability of expression within the pedigree are consistent with recently acquired knowledge about the genetics of @entity1 mtDNA. The clinical spectrum of disease is compatible with a proportionality model of mutant and wild-type mtDNAs. Muscle biopsies of affected @entity1 showed an increased number of abnormal muscle mitochondria. Serum levels of @entity2388 or @entity2388 and @entity880 were elevated. The most severely affected @entity1 had constant @entity2045 , @entity303 , @entity2055 , @entity508 , @entity393 , and @entity3316 . @entity75 in @entity1 with mild involvement was marked by prominent photic driving seen on electroencephalograms and high-amplitude visual and somatosensory evoked responses but no @entity2045 , @entity2055 , or @entity303 . The individual clinical features of the disease worsen over time for all @entity1 ; however, mildly affected @entity1 have not become moderately affected and moderately affected @entity1 have not become severely affected.

title: @entity3055 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3055 :: ('MESH:D017240', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial myopathy']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic jerking', 'myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity3148 :: (MESH:D004831,Disease) :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']


abstract: A family is described with familial @entity3148 associated with @entity3055 . The disorder follows a maternal inheritance pattern consistent with a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. The large kindred permitted exclusion of autosomal dominant, recessive, and X-linked patterns of transmission. Several characteristics of the inheritance and variability of expression within the pedigree are consistent with recently acquired knowledge about the genetics of @entity1 mtDNA. The clinical spectrum of disease is compatible with a proportionality model of mutant and wild-type mtDNAs. Muscle biopsies of affected @entity1 showed an increased number of abnormal muscle mitochondria. Serum levels of @entity2388 or @entity2388 and @entity880 were elevated. The most severely affected @entity1 had constant @entity2045 , @entity303 , @entity2055 , @entity508 , @entity393 , and @entity3316 . @entity75 in @entity1 with mild involvement was marked by prominent photic driving seen on electroencephalograms and high-amplitude visual and somatosensory evoked responses but no @entity2045 , @entity2055 , or @entity303 . The individual clinical features of the disease worsen over time for all @entity1 ; however, mildly affected @entity1 have not become moderately affected and moderately affected @entity1 have not become severely affected.

title: XXXX and @entity3148 .

answer: @entity3055 :: (MESH:D017240,Disease) :: ['Maternally inherited mitochondrial myopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review @entity1 records operated with the diagnosis of @entity9608 and to discuss their clinical presentations, diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital, @entity233 . SUBJECTS: Eight cases were operated in the Department of 6th Surgery, Ankara Numune Teaching and Research Hospital between 1994 and 2000. All @entity1 had @entity1109 . Six @entity1 had blood @entity413 levels of lower than 50 mg/dL during the admission. The other two @entity1 had hypoglycaemia in the prolonged fasting test. Serum insulin/ @entity413 ratio was diagnostic in all @entity1 except one. Abdominal ultrasonography and computerised tomography could successfully localise the @entity5 in one case. In six @entity1 @entity5 could be localised by endoscopic pancreatic ultrasonography. In one @entity1 none of the studies could localise the @entity5 . Three @entity5 were located at the pancreatic head, one in the neck, two at the body and two at the tail. All @entity5 except one were palpable. Enucleation was the procedure of choice in four cases and distal pancreatectomy was the procedure of choice in four. RESULTS: Post-operative course was uneventful in seven @entity1 . One @entity1 died due to @entity1320 . Hypoglycaemia was controlled in all @entity1 after the surgery. CONCLUSION: Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of @entity9608 . Enucleation should be the procedure of choice if possible. Endoscopic pancreatic ultrasonography has promising results and may replace invasive angiographic studies in the future.

title: Review of eight cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuroglycopenic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity9608 :: (MESH:D007340,Disease) :: ['insulinoma']


abstract: There is little information about the role of complement in @entity483 ( @entity483 ). We studied the levels of both normal complement components and activation products in peripheral blood of @entity1 with mild to intermediate disease. 35 @entity1 had not received systemic or topical steroid therapy 6 weeks prior to blood collection. C3, C4 and C1 INA were determined in serum by radioimmunodiffusion. @entity4417 and @entity2242 levels were measured in @entity1098 plasma by radioimmunoassay. Compared to healthy non-atopic controls C3, C4 and C1 INA were found to be increased significantly. There was a tendency towards increased @entity4417 levels but the difference was not significant. No measurable amounts of @entity2242 were detected. Elevations of @entity4417 were correlated with elevated levels of C3. The results suggest that the complement system participates in the inflammatory process in @entity483 .

title: Involvement of complement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity137 ( @entity137 ) possibly induced by @entity3371 . CASE SUMMARY: An 11-week-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital for tetrology of fallot surgical repair, performed on admission day 2. On day 3, the @entity1 developed third-degree @entity616 , necessitating pacemaker connection and oral @entity2544 3 mg/kg 3 times daily. @entity3371 1 mg orally twice daily, intravenous @entity1483 7 mg every 12 hours, and oral @entity1482 7 mg twice daily were started. On day 5, the @entity1 developed scaling @entity272 . On day 7, his temperature spiked to 37.8 degrees C, and pus discharge from the pacing wire site was noticed. Intravenous @entity2176 80 mg 3 times daily and intravenous @entity5505 200 mg 3 times daily were initiated. On the same day, @entity3371 was discontinued because we suspected that it had induced the skin reaction. On day 15, the @entity1 's skin problem progressed. The dermatologist diagnosed partial @entity137 . On that day, @entity2544 and @entity1483 were also discontinued. On day 16, the @entity1 still had some blisters, but the skin started to show signs of healing, until complete healing occurred on day 22. The @entity1 was discharged on oral medications: @entity1483 7 mg twice daily, @entity1482 7 mg twice daily, and @entity4688 0.1 mg twice daily. Three weeks later, he was followed up. No recurrences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests @entity3371 induces @entity137 when combined with other @entity11682 medications. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse drug event was possible. Although it is a rare complication, healthcare providers should be familiar with its potential to occur and take appropriate treatment and prevention measures.

title: Possible @entity3371 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boy', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['aldactone']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity137 ( @entity137 ) possibly induced by @entity3371 . CASE SUMMARY: An 11-week-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital for tetrology of fallot surgical repair, performed on admission day 2. On day 3, the @entity1 developed third-degree @entity616 , necessitating pacemaker connection and oral @entity2544 3 mg/kg 3 times daily. @entity3371 1 mg orally twice daily, intravenous @entity1483 7 mg every 12 hours, and oral @entity1482 7 mg twice daily were started. On day 5, the @entity1 developed scaling @entity272 . On day 7, his temperature spiked to 37.8 degrees C, and pus discharge from the pacing wire site was noticed. Intravenous @entity2176 80 mg 3 times daily and intravenous @entity5505 200 mg 3 times daily were initiated. On the same day, @entity3371 was discontinued because we suspected that it had induced the skin reaction. On day 15, the @entity1 's skin problem progressed. The dermatologist diagnosed partial @entity137 . On that day, @entity2544 and @entity1483 were also discontinued. On day 16, the @entity1 still had some blisters, but the skin started to show signs of healing, until complete healing occurred on day 22. The @entity1 was discharged on oral medications: @entity1483 7 mg twice daily, @entity1482 7 mg twice daily, and @entity4688 0.1 mg twice daily. Three weeks later, he was followed up. No recurrences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests @entity3371 induces @entity137 when combined with other @entity11682 medications. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse drug event was possible. Although it is a rare complication, healthcare providers should be familiar with its potential to occur and take appropriate treatment and prevention measures.

title: Possible XXXX -induced @entity137 .

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: One hundred forty-nine cases of @entity1893 were studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies, including antibodies to natural killer (NK) cells--anti-NKH1, anti- @entity4755 , and anti-Leu 11b. There were 95 B-cell, 51 T-cell, and three null cell @entity706 . @entity784 (33 per cent) expressed NKH1, @entity4755 , and/or Leu 11b. None of the B- or null cell @entity706 expressed the NK markers. In comparison with the NK-negative @entity784 , the NK-positive cases showed a predilection for the nasal and paranasal region. There was a more significant loss of the T-cell markers T3 (peripheral T cell) and T4 (T-helper cell) in NK-positive @entity706 . The difference was due to a high proportion of nasal/ @entity706 , which were associated with a frequent loss of T-cell markers, among the NK-positive cases. However, a similar degree of loss of T-cell markers was observed among NK-positive and NK-negative nasal/ @entity706 . We conclude that expression of NK markers occurs exclusively in a proportion of @entity784 , but not B-cell or null cell @entity706 . The reason this occurs predominantly in nasal and @entity706 is unknown.

title: Expression of natural killer cell markers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['paranasal lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'Seventeen T-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: The European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC), which covers a large cohort of half a million @entity1 and @entity1 from 23 European centres in 10 Western European countries, was designed to study the relationship between diet and the risk of @entity102 , particularly @entity5 . Information on usual individual dietary intake was assessed using different validated dietary assessment methods across participating countries. In order to adjust for possible systematic over- or underestimation in dietary intake measurements and correct for attenuation bias in relative risk estimates, a calibration approach was developed. This approach involved an additional dietary assessment common across study populations to re-express individual dietary intakes according to the same reference scale. A single 24-hour diet recall was therefore collected, as the EPIC reference calibration method, from a stratified random sample of 36 900 subjects from the entire EPIC cohort, using a software program (EPIC-SOFT) specifically designed to standardise the dietary measurements across study populations. This paper describes the design and populations of the calibration sub-studies set up in the EPIC centres. In addition, to assess whether the calibration sub-samples were representative of the entire group of EPIC cohorts, a series of subjects' characteristics known possibly to influence dietary intakes was compared in both population groups. This was the first time that calibration sub-studies had been set up in a large multi-centre European study. These studies showed that, despite certain inherent methodological and logistic constraints, a study design such as this one works relatively well in practice. The average response in the calibration study was 78.3% and ranged from 46.5% to 92.5%. The calibration population differed slightly from the overall cohort but the differences were small for most characteristics and centres. The overall results suggest that, after adjustment for age, dietary intakes estimated from calibration samples can reasonably be interpreted as representative of the main cohorts in most of the EPIC centres.

title: European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition (EPIC) calibration study: rationale, design and population characteristics.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Defining @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) for varying levels of @entity158 intensity is important for assessing changes in @entity1 's functional status, and guiding the development and evaluation of treatment options. We aimed to summarize @entity1166 identified in the literature for mild, moderate, and severe @entity158 on the numeric rating scale (NRS), and recommend optimal @entity1166 for @entity5 and @entity5 @entity1 . We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (inception to May 2015) for studies that used @entity1166 to classify @entity158 intensity on the NRS among @entity1 with @entity5 or @entity5 conditions leading to acute or @entity1118 . A CP was defined as the upper bound of a mild or moderate @entity158 category. Of 1,556 identified articles, 27 were included for review. Among @entity1 with @entity5 , mild-moderate @entity158 @entity1166 ranged from 1 to 4 (mean, 3.5  1.08), with CP4 being the most recommended CP (80%). For moderate-severe @entity158 , @entity1166 ranged from 4 to 7 (mean, 6.2  0.92), and CP6 (50%) was the optimal @entity1166 . Among @entity1 with @entity5 , mild-moderate @entity158 @entity1166 ranged from 2 to 5 (mean, 3.62  0.78), and CP4 was the most frequently used CP (52.9%). For moderate-severe @entity5 , @entity1166 ranged from 4 to 8 (mean, 6.5  0.99), and CP6 (41.2%) was the most frequently recommended CP. A wide range of @entity1166 for mild, moderate, and severe @entity158 categories were identified in the literature among both @entity5 and @entity5 @entity1 populations. Further studies are needed to delineate more accurate and precise @entity1166 for @entity158 intensity.

title: Cut points for mild, moderate, and severe XXXX among @entity5 and @entity5 @entity1 : a literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['CPs', 'cut points']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-cancer pain', 'cancer', 'cancer pain', 'non-cancer']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Defining @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) for varying levels of @entity158 intensity is important for assessing changes in @entity1 's functional status, and guiding the development and evaluation of treatment options. We aimed to summarize @entity1166 identified in the literature for mild, moderate, and severe @entity158 on the numeric rating scale (NRS), and recommend optimal @entity1166 for @entity5 and @entity5 @entity1 . We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (inception to May 2015) for studies that used @entity1166 to classify @entity158 intensity on the NRS among @entity1 with @entity5 or @entity5 conditions leading to acute or @entity1118 . A CP was defined as the upper bound of a mild or moderate @entity158 category. Of 1,556 identified articles, 27 were included for review. Among @entity1 with @entity5 , mild-moderate @entity158 @entity1166 ranged from 1 to 4 (mean, 3.5  1.08), with CP4 being the most recommended CP (80%). For moderate-severe @entity158 , @entity1166 ranged from 4 to 7 (mean, 6.2  0.92), and CP6 (50%) was the optimal @entity1166 . Among @entity1 with @entity5 , mild-moderate @entity158 @entity1166 ranged from 2 to 5 (mean, 3.62  0.78), and CP4 was the most frequently used CP (52.9%). For moderate-severe @entity5 , @entity1166 ranged from 4 to 8 (mean, 6.5  0.99), and CP6 (41.2%) was the most frequently recommended CP. A wide range of @entity1166 for mild, moderate, and severe @entity158 categories were identified in the literature among both @entity5 and @entity5 @entity1 populations. Further studies are needed to delineate more accurate and precise @entity1166 for @entity158 intensity.

title: Cut points for mild, moderate, and severe @entity158 among XXXX and @entity5 @entity1 : a literature review.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Defining @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) for varying levels of @entity158 intensity is important for assessing changes in @entity1 's functional status, and guiding the development and evaluation of treatment options. We aimed to summarize @entity1166 identified in the literature for mild, moderate, and severe @entity158 on the numeric rating scale (NRS), and recommend optimal @entity1166 for @entity5 and @entity5 @entity1 . We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (inception to May 2015) for studies that used @entity1166 to classify @entity158 intensity on the NRS among @entity1 with @entity5 or @entity5 conditions leading to acute or @entity1118 . A CP was defined as the upper bound of a mild or moderate @entity158 category. Of 1,556 identified articles, 27 were included for review. Among @entity1 with @entity5 , mild-moderate @entity158 @entity1166 ranged from 1 to 4 (mean, 3.5  1.08), with CP4 being the most recommended CP (80%). For moderate-severe @entity158 , @entity1166 ranged from 4 to 7 (mean, 6.2  0.92), and CP6 (50%) was the optimal @entity1166 . Among @entity1 with @entity5 , mild-moderate @entity158 @entity1166 ranged from 2 to 5 (mean, 3.62  0.78), and CP4 was the most frequently used CP (52.9%). For moderate-severe @entity5 , @entity1166 ranged from 4 to 8 (mean, 6.5  0.99), and CP6 (41.2%) was the most frequently recommended CP. A wide range of @entity1166 for mild, moderate, and severe @entity158 categories were identified in the literature among both @entity5 and @entity5 @entity1 populations. Further studies are needed to delineate more accurate and precise @entity1166 for @entity158 intensity.

title: Cut points for mild, moderate, and severe @entity158 among @entity5 and XXXX @entity1 : a literature review.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['non-cancer']


abstract: Defining @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) for varying levels of @entity158 intensity is important for assessing changes in @entity1 's functional status, and guiding the development and evaluation of treatment options. We aimed to summarize @entity1166 identified in the literature for mild, moderate, and severe @entity158 on the numeric rating scale (NRS), and recommend optimal @entity1166 for @entity5 and @entity5 @entity1 . We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (inception to May 2015) for studies that used @entity1166 to classify @entity158 intensity on the NRS among @entity1 with @entity5 or @entity5 conditions leading to acute or @entity1118 . A CP was defined as the upper bound of a mild or moderate @entity158 category. Of 1,556 identified articles, 27 were included for review. Among @entity1 with @entity5 , mild-moderate @entity158 @entity1166 ranged from 1 to 4 (mean, 3.5  1.08), with CP4 being the most recommended CP (80%). For moderate-severe @entity158 , @entity1166 ranged from 4 to 7 (mean, 6.2  0.92), and CP6 (50%) was the optimal @entity1166 . Among @entity1 with @entity5 , mild-moderate @entity158 @entity1166 ranged from 2 to 5 (mean, 3.62  0.78), and CP4 was the most frequently used CP (52.9%). For moderate-severe @entity5 , @entity1166 ranged from 4 to 8 (mean, 6.5  0.99), and CP6 (41.2%) was the most frequently recommended CP. A wide range of @entity1166 for mild, moderate, and severe @entity158 categories were identified in the literature among both @entity5 and @entity5 @entity1 populations. Further studies are needed to delineate more accurate and precise @entity1166 for @entity158 intensity.

title: Cut points for mild, moderate, and severe @entity158 among @entity5 and @entity5 XXXX : a literature review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity19 and @entity742 , neonatal administration of @entity1420 or @entity7828 inhibited development of uterine glands. The aims of the present study were (1) to describe uterine gland development on postnatal Days 6 to 8 and (2) to evaluate the effects of a single postnatal administration of a progestin on reproduction and adult uterine glands morphology and function in @entity468 . Necropsy was performed on three 1-week-old female @entity468 which had died unrelated to this study. Ten female kittens were randomly assigned within the first 24  hours of birth to: @entity11796 10  mg/animal subcutaneously ( @entity3443 ; n  =  6) or placebo (PLC; n  =  4) and followed up until puberty when they were mated. Twenty-four days after the end of estrus, ovulation and pregnancy were diagnosed by serum @entity1420 measurement and ultrasonography, respectively. Then, all the @entity468 were ovariohysterectomized. After necropsy or surgery, the excised organs were histologically evaluated. Seven queens ovulated (4 of 6 @entity3443 and 3 of 4 PLC; P  >  0.1) and were pregnant (P  >  0.1). Four @entity3443 @entity468 presented @entity1869 and one of them developed a pyometra. The 1-week-old females presented uterine glands in the stage of budding and incipient penetration of the glandular epithelium into the underlying stroma. The @entity3443 -treated queens revealed that the area occupied by uterine glands per square-micrometer (0.55      0.2 vs. 0.49      0.2; P  >  0.1) and the height of the glandular epithelium ( m; 24.5      6.7 vs. 24.4      7.2; P  >  0.1) did not differ from those of the PLC group. Neither significant gross nor microscopical differences were also found for ovaries (P  >  0.1). It is concluded that 1-week-old kittens had an incipient stage of uterine gland development and that a single postnatal supraphysiological dose of @entity3443 did not alter uterine adenogenesis in this species. Furthermore, this treatment seemed to predispose to @entity1478 without prevention of fertility.

title: Failure of a single dose of @entity11796 to induce uterine infertility in postnatally treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['uterine disease']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['domestic cats', 'cats']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['domestic cats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity19 and @entity742 , neonatal administration of @entity1420 or @entity7828 inhibited development of uterine glands. The aims of the present study were (1) to describe uterine gland development on postnatal Days 6 to 8 and (2) to evaluate the effects of a single postnatal administration of a progestin on reproduction and adult uterine glands morphology and function in @entity468 . Necropsy was performed on three 1-week-old female @entity468 which had died unrelated to this study. Ten female kittens were randomly assigned within the first 24  hours of birth to: @entity11796 10  mg/animal subcutaneously ( @entity3443 ; n  =  6) or placebo (PLC; n  =  4) and followed up until puberty when they were mated. Twenty-four days after the end of estrus, ovulation and pregnancy were diagnosed by serum @entity1420 measurement and ultrasonography, respectively. Then, all the @entity468 were ovariohysterectomized. After necropsy or surgery, the excised organs were histologically evaluated. Seven queens ovulated (4 of 6 @entity3443 and 3 of 4 PLC; P  >  0.1) and were pregnant (P  >  0.1). Four @entity3443 @entity468 presented @entity1869 and one of them developed a pyometra. The 1-week-old females presented uterine glands in the stage of budding and incipient penetration of the glandular epithelium into the underlying stroma. The @entity3443 -treated queens revealed that the area occupied by uterine glands per square-micrometer (0.55      0.2 vs. 0.49      0.2; P  >  0.1) and the height of the glandular epithelium ( m; 24.5      6.7 vs. 24.4      7.2; P  >  0.1) did not differ from those of the PLC group. Neither significant gross nor microscopical differences were also found for ovaries (P  >  0.1). It is concluded that 1-week-old kittens had an incipient stage of uterine gland development and that a single postnatal supraphysiological dose of @entity3443 did not alter uterine adenogenesis in this species. Furthermore, this treatment seemed to predispose to @entity1478 without prevention of fertility.

title: Failure of a single dose of XXXX to induce uterine infertility in postnatally treated @entity468 .

answer: @entity11796 :: (MESH:D017258,Chemical) :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the treatment of @entity5487 with the Low-profile Visualized Intraluminal Support Device (LVIS Jr) stent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The databases of three institutions were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 who underwent endovascular treatment of @entity5487 using a reconstructive technique where the LVIS Jr stent was totally or partially deployed into the PICA were included in the analysis. Clinical presentation, @entity439 and PICA sizes, procedural complications, and clinical and angiographic follow-up information was recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 who underwent endovascular treatment of @entity5487 with an LVIS Jr stent were identified. Four @entity439 were treated in the acute phase of @entity510 ( @entity510 ). There were no symptomatic complications. One @entity1 had @entity2473 distal to the stent as a result of mechanical straightening of the vessel. One @entity1 was treated in the acute phase of @entity510 and required a gycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor after the stent was implanted. This @entity1 needed to be re-treated to complete embolization. All @entity1 had good clinical outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale 5). No in-stent @entity850 or @entity432 was seen on short-term angiographic follow-up and the @entity439 were occluded. CONCLUSIONS: This small series suggests that the use of a reconstructive technique with the LVIS Jr stent for the treatment of @entity5487 is feasible, safe and effective in the short term.

title: Endovascular treatment of XXXX with a Low-profile Visualized Intraluminal Support (LVIS Jr) device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['PICA aneurysms', 'posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity5487 :: (MESH:D014854,Disease) :: ['PICA aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Movement of transposons causes insertions, deletions and chromosomal rearrangements potentially leading to pre-mature lethality in @entity238 . To repress these elements and combat genomic instability, eukaryotes have evolved several small RNA mediated defense mechanisms. Specifically, in @entity238 somatic cells, endogenous small interfering (esi)RNAs suppress retrotransposon mobility. EsiRNAs are produced by @entity32289 processing of double-stranded RNA precursors, yet the origins of these precursors are unknown. We show that most transposon families are transcribed in both the sense and antisense direction in Dmel-2 cells. LTR retrotransposons Dm297, mdg1 and blood, and non-LTR retrotransposons juan and jockey transcripts are generated from intra element transcription start sites with canonical RNA polymerase II promoters. We also determined that retrotransposon antisense transcripts are less polyadenylated than sense transcripts, which may promote nuclear retention of antisense transcripts and the double-stranded RNAs they form. RNA-seq and small RNA-seq revealed that @entity32289 RNAi-depletion causes a decrease in the number of esiRNAs mapping to retrotransposons and an increase in expression of both S and @entity5427 retrotransposon transcripts. These data support a model in which double-stranded RNA precursors are derived from convergent transcription and processed by @entity32289 into esiRNAs that silence both sense and antisense retrotransposon transcripts. Reduction of sense retrotransposon transcripts potentially lowers element specific protein levels to prevent transposition. This mechanism preserves genomic integrity and is especially important for @entity238 fitness because mobile genetic elements are highly active.

title: Antisense Transcription of Retrotransposons in XXXX : The Origin of Endogenous Small Interfering RNA Precursors.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila', 'Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple different organs, including the @entity149 (CNS). Conventional radiological examinations in @entity1252 @entity1 include volumetric/ anatomical computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US). The utility of these modalities is limited, however, due to the @entity66 . Furthermore, CT and MRI contrast agents are contraindicated in @entity1 with @entity8 . Various radiologic methods are currently being developed to improve disease characterization in @entity1 with @entity1252 beyond simple anatomical endpoints. Physiological non-contrast MRI protocols have been developed to assess tissue oxygenation, glomerular filtration, renal perfusion, interstitial diffusion, and @entity32 -driven @entity82 in @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) @entity1 . For neurological symptoms, vessel size imaging (VSI, an MRI approach utilizing T2-relaxing @entity1933 nanoparticles) has shown promise as a diagnostic tool. Molecular imaging probes (mostly for MRI and nuclear medicine imaging) have also been developed for diagnosing @entity1252 with high sensitivity, and for monitoring disease activity. This paper reviews the challenges in evaluating disease activity in @entity1 with @entity1988 and @entity12319 ( @entity12319 ). We describe novel MRI and positron-emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging protocols using targeted @entity1933 nanoparticles and radioactive ligands, respectively, for detection of @entity1252 -associated @entity32 .

title: Non-invasive imaging to monitor @entity1988 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complexity of the disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['kidneys and central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus', 'NPSLE']

answer: @entity12319 :: (MESH:D020945,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple different organs, including the @entity149 (CNS). Conventional radiological examinations in @entity1252 @entity1 include volumetric/ anatomical computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US). The utility of these modalities is limited, however, due to the @entity66 . Furthermore, CT and MRI contrast agents are contraindicated in @entity1 with @entity8 . Various radiologic methods are currently being developed to improve disease characterization in @entity1 with @entity1252 beyond simple anatomical endpoints. Physiological non-contrast MRI protocols have been developed to assess tissue oxygenation, glomerular filtration, renal perfusion, interstitial diffusion, and @entity32 -driven @entity82 in @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) @entity1 . For neurological symptoms, vessel size imaging (VSI, an MRI approach utilizing T2-relaxing @entity1933 nanoparticles) has shown promise as a diagnostic tool. Molecular imaging probes (mostly for MRI and nuclear medicine imaging) have also been developed for diagnosing @entity1252 with high sensitivity, and for monitoring disease activity. This paper reviews the challenges in evaluating disease activity in @entity1 with @entity1988 and @entity12319 ( @entity12319 ). We describe novel MRI and positron-emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging protocols using targeted @entity1933 nanoparticles and radioactive ligands, respectively, for detection of @entity1252 -associated @entity32 .

title: Non-invasive imaging to monitor XXXX and @entity12319 .

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: Forty-two @entity1 with measurable advanced @entity14 were treated with sequential @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), followed by @entity4181 rescue. Twenty-one @entity1 had received prior chemotherapy, mainly @entity1487 (group 1) and remaining 21 @entity1 had not been previously treated by cytotoxic agents (group 2). Two different treatment schedules were used. Regimen I (27 @entity1 ): @entity1500 250 mg/m2 was infused over 1 hour. Two hours from start @entity1487 600 mg/m2 was given as intravenous bolus. @entity4181 rescue started 24 hours after @entity1500 infusion. Regimen II (15 @entity1 ): @entity1500 250 mg/m2 was given as 1-hour infusion. Three hours after the start of @entity1500 a 46-hour @entity1487 infusion (2000 mg/m2) was started. @entity4181 rescue as in regimen I. The chemotherapy courses were repeated every second week. After 3 cycles only one @entity1 had partial response, 33 had no change and 8 progressive disease. The median time until progression was 2 1/2 months in group 1 and 4 months in group 2. The median survival was 7 months in group 1 and 10 1/2 months in group 2. Almost identical results were obtained by the two treatment schedules. The @entity137 of both regimens was low.

title: Sequential @entity1487 and XXXX . Negative experience in metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Folinic acid', 'folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']