abstract: The relationship between @entity28 and @entity101 is complex and poorly understood. A developing body of information suggests that metabolic factors related to the @entity28 state are importantly involved. The pertinent observations include: (1) Diet influences sympathetic nervous system activity. Fasting suppresses, while @entity1735 and fat feeding stimulate, sympathetic activity. (2) Dietary-induced changes in sympathetic activity contribute to the changes in metabolic rate that accompany changes in dietary intake. (3) @entity2690 -mediated @entity413 metabolism in the hypothalamus provides a link between dietary intake and sympathetic nervous system activity. And (4) @entity3190 , a consequence of @entity2690 resistance in the @entity28 , is associated with @entity101 . These observations have suggested the following hypothesis. @entity3190 results in sympathetic stimulation which drives thermogenic mechanisms, thereby increasing metabolic rate. The net result is a restoration of energy balance at the expense of @entity3190 and increased sympathetic activity. @entity101 is thus the unfortunate consequence of @entity3190 , which increases renal @entity1372 reabsorption, and sympathetic stimulation of the heart, kidney, and vasculature. The data on which this hypothesis is constructed are reviewed and the implications discussed.

title: @entity28 , metabolism, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The relationship between @entity28 and @entity101 is complex and poorly understood. A developing body of information suggests that metabolic factors related to the @entity28 state are importantly involved. The pertinent observations include: (1) Diet influences sympathetic nervous system activity. Fasting suppresses, while @entity1735 and fat feeding stimulate, sympathetic activity. (2) Dietary-induced changes in sympathetic activity contribute to the changes in metabolic rate that accompany changes in dietary intake. (3) @entity2690 -mediated @entity413 metabolism in the hypothalamus provides a link between dietary intake and sympathetic nervous system activity. And (4) @entity3190 , a consequence of @entity2690 resistance in the @entity28 , is associated with @entity101 . These observations have suggested the following hypothesis. @entity3190 results in sympathetic stimulation which drives thermogenic mechanisms, thereby increasing metabolic rate. The net result is a restoration of energy balance at the expense of @entity3190 and increased sympathetic activity. @entity101 is thus the unfortunate consequence of @entity3190 , which increases renal @entity1372 reabsorption, and sympathetic stimulation of the heart, kidney, and vasculature. The data on which this hypothesis is constructed are reviewed and the implications discussed.

title: XXXX , metabolism, and @entity101 .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: @entity1304 is persistent in the environment and toxic to wildlife. Legal mandates necessitate that a risk assessments be performed for @entity1304 by the @entity7452 ( @entity7452 ) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This hazard identification (hazard ID) compared critical no-observed effect levels (NOEL) for acute, subchronic and chronic exposure intervals between the agencies. NOELs were discussed in light of their application to numerous exposure scenarios (occupational, general population and dietary). Only the acute oral NOELs differed between @entity7452 (0.7 mg/kg/day) and USEPA (1.5 mg/kg/day). Pregnant @entity95 were considered by @entity7452 to be more responsive to low gavage doses of @entity1304 than non-pregnant female or male @entity35 in the acute study selected by USEPA. NOELs for other exposure routes and durations were similar between agencies. @entity7452 and USEPA concurred that a Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA, 1996) Safety Factor is not needed after evaluating all studies including a Developmental @entity2359 study. The SF was reduced to 1x. NOELs generated from this hazard ID will be used to calculate the Margins of Exposure for all scenarios and subsequently the risk characterization for @entity1304 .

title: Human health risk assessment of XXXX . I: Toxicology and hazard identification.

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California Department of Pesticide Regulation', 'CDPR']

entities_list: @entity1304 :: ('MESH:D004726', 'Chemical') :: ['endosulfan', 'Endosulfan']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1304 :: (MESH:D004726,Chemical) :: ['endosulfan']


abstract: In the present study, we examined the antiatherosclerotic effects of 3 edible mushrooms, Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi), Grifola frondosa (Maitake), and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji), in @entity731 -susceptible C57BL/6J, @entity6970 -deficient ( @entity6970 (-/-)) @entity19 . Male @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 (6 weeks of age) were fed a normal diet ( @entity165 concentration <66 mg/100 g) or a normal diet containing 3% dried Eringi, Maitake, or Bunashimeji mushroom powder for 10 weeks. Food intake, body weight, serum total @entity165 (TC), and serum @entity1674 (TG) were measured periodically during the experimental period. At the end of the experiment (at 16 weeks of age), the @entity731 area was measured in cross-sections of the aortic root. Serum TC concentrations in the Bunashimeji group were significantly lower than that in the control group at 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks of age. Serum TC concentrations in the Eringi, and Maitake groups were significantly lower than that in the control group only at 12 weeks of age. There was no significant difference in the serum TG concentrations in all groups during the experimental period. The @entity731 were significantly decreased in the Eringi, Maitake, and Bunashimeji groups than that in the control group at the end of the experiment. Dietary supplementation with the Bunashimeji mushroom powder had the strongest antiatherosclerotic effect among 3 mushrooms. In conclusion, supplementation of the 3 edible mushrooms prevents the development of @entity731 , even normal diet. Antiatherosclerotic effect is partly via lowering of serum TC concentrations; further mechanisms should be investigated.

title: Antiatherosclerotic effect of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi), Grifola frondosa (Maitake), and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji) in XXXX -deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6970 :: (11816(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: In the present study, we examined the antiatherosclerotic effects of 3 edible mushrooms, Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi), Grifola frondosa (Maitake), and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji), in @entity731 -susceptible C57BL/6J, @entity6970 -deficient ( @entity6970 (-/-)) @entity19 . Male @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 (6 weeks of age) were fed a normal diet ( @entity165 concentration <66 mg/100 g) or a normal diet containing 3% dried Eringi, Maitake, or Bunashimeji mushroom powder for 10 weeks. Food intake, body weight, serum total @entity165 (TC), and serum @entity1674 (TG) were measured periodically during the experimental period. At the end of the experiment (at 16 weeks of age), the @entity731 area was measured in cross-sections of the aortic root. Serum TC concentrations in the Bunashimeji group were significantly lower than that in the control group at 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks of age. Serum TC concentrations in the Eringi, and Maitake groups were significantly lower than that in the control group only at 12 weeks of age. There was no significant difference in the serum TG concentrations in all groups during the experimental period. The @entity731 were significantly decreased in the Eringi, Maitake, and Bunashimeji groups than that in the control group at the end of the experiment. Dietary supplementation with the Bunashimeji mushroom powder had the strongest antiatherosclerotic effect among 3 mushrooms. In conclusion, supplementation of the 3 edible mushrooms prevents the development of @entity731 , even normal diet. Antiatherosclerotic effect is partly via lowering of serum TC concentrations; further mechanisms should be investigated.

title: Antiatherosclerotic effect of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus eryngii (Eringi), Grifola frondosa (Maitake), and Hypsizygus marmoreus (Bunashimeji) in @entity6970 -deficient XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Curettage of @entity5 commonly results in significant @entity79 that are reconstructed with autologous grafts, allografts, bone cement or bone substitute. We have treated such defects in the talus without reconstruction with bone or any other material. We now report the healing of these ungrafted defects in eight @entity1 treated with curettage for @entity5 . METHODS: Eight consecutive @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively at a mean follow-up of 82 months (range: 28-180 months). Mean age was 21.7 years (range: 12.3-31.3 years) and mean defect size was 16.5 cm(3) (range: 3.5-48 cm(3)). Outcome measures included time to radiological consolidation, @entity158 and stiffness, @entity891 , and tibiotalar joint @entity571 . RESULTS: Full consolidation of the defect occurred within 6-12 months in all @entity1 . One @entity1 had minor discomfort over the scar, but there was no ankle joint @entity158 . Two @entity1 had some ankle stiffness, although one had established @entity3681 prior to surgery. No @entity891 , @entity174 or new significant @entity571 of the ankle was observed. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that bone grafting is not a necessary adjunct to the curettage of @entity75 .

title: Healing of ungrafted @entity79 of the talus after XXXX removal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign talar tumours', 'benign tumours']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['talar lesions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['talar collapse']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'ankle pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['benign tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Curettage of @entity5 commonly results in significant @entity79 that are reconstructed with autologous grafts, allografts, bone cement or bone substitute. We have treated such defects in the talus without reconstruction with bone or any other material. We now report the healing of these ungrafted defects in eight @entity1 treated with curettage for @entity5 . METHODS: Eight consecutive @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively at a mean follow-up of 82 months (range: 28-180 months). Mean age was 21.7 years (range: 12.3-31.3 years) and mean defect size was 16.5 cm(3) (range: 3.5-48 cm(3)). Outcome measures included time to radiological consolidation, @entity158 and stiffness, @entity891 , and tibiotalar joint @entity571 . RESULTS: Full consolidation of the defect occurred within 6-12 months in all @entity1 . One @entity1 had minor discomfort over the scar, but there was no ankle joint @entity158 . Two @entity1 had some ankle stiffness, although one had established @entity3681 prior to surgery. No @entity891 , @entity174 or new significant @entity571 of the ankle was observed. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that bone grafting is not a necessary adjunct to the curettage of @entity75 .

title: Healing of ungrafted XXXX of the talus after @entity5 removal.

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone defects']


abstract: Gastrointestinal causes of @entity944 occur at all ages but are more common at the extremes of life. In the elderly quite significant disease may be present without observable symptoms and signs. Two cases of unexpected deaths due to small intestinal obstruction from unusual occult @entity547 are reported. Case 1: an 84-year-old @entity1 was found dead lying in bed at her home address. @entity204 was caused by intestinal herniation through a defect created by the greater omentum that had adhered to an area of @entity32 associated with underlying acute @entity4436 of the jejunum. Case 2: an 83-year-old @entity1 was found dead lying on the kitchen floor at her home address. @entity204 was caused by herniation of a portion of small intestine into a direct inguinal hernial sac that was occupied by an acutely inflamed appendix. These cases demonstrate two uncommon causes of intestinal herniation associated with fatal outcomes. The underlying lethal @entity344 in both @entity1 was only identified at autopsy. As mechanisms of @entity204 in such cases may involve quite complex sequences of events, careful stepwise dissection of the intraperitoneal contents may be required to enable the accurate demonstration of underlying anatomical abnormalities that have led to fatal outcomes.

title: Unusual gastrointestinal causes of unexpected XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['acute serosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden and unexpected death']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Substantial progress has been made in detecting cell surface or intracytoplasmatic antigens to identify @entity5 cells with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The 17-1A antigen is already used as a target for specific immunotherapy in @entity14 . The purpose of this study was to compare the expression of 17-1A antigen in @entity0 . MAb against the @entity5960 and a routine staining technique were used to detect the 17-1A antigen in 100 cases of colorectal and 111 cases of @entity0 . The antigen expression of each @entity5 entity was examined by light microscopy on paraffin sections. Thirty six of the @entity406 -fixed paraffin sections of @entity0 were compared with their corresponding frozen sections. Evaluation was realized by a histological score (grade 0-9) considering the distribution and the staining intensity. We found an antigen expression of 17-1A in @entity14 quantified at 7.1+/-1.8 and at 4.5+/-2.5 for @entity0 in our score. Comparing paraffin sections and frozen sections in the 36 cases of @entity0 , the score was 5.5+/-2.3 in the paraffin and 8.1+/-1.9 in the frozen section group. Our results confirmed the high expression of 17-1A cases of in @entity14 . Furthermore, 17-1A is expressed in the majority of @entity0 , revealing a high difference between @entity982 and frozen sections. As a result, a specific immunotherapy with MAbs against 17-1A antigen in minimal residual stages of @entity0 might be considered.

title: Detection of surface antigen 17-1A in breast and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5960 :: ('4072', 'Gene') :: ['epithelial-specific antigen (ESA)']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors versus breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spread tumor']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the criteria for intraoperative blood flow measurements taken at the time of @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) construction to predict future access maturation and thereby avoid waiting periods for futile @entity292 to declare themselves. METHODS: From April 2006 through to March 2007 consecutive @entity1 undergoing native @entity2548 construction at one institution underwent intraoperative measurements of blood flow using transit-time ultrasound technology. No action was taken based upon the flow measurement at the time of surgery. @entity1 were followed and data collected comprising demographics and @entity2548 maturation. A @entity292 was considered mature when it was successfully accessed for hemodialysis (HD) at least three times. Statistical analysis was performed including receiver operating characteristics (ROC), ANOVA, and Chi square using the JMP software package. RESULTS: During the 12-month period, 70 autologous AVFs were created including 41 antecubital brachiocephalic, 21 radiocephalic, and 8 basilic vein transpositions in 35 females and 33 males with a mean age of 58+/-1.7 (mean+/-SEM). The group included 37 Hispanic, 17 Native American, 10 Caucasian, 3 African American and 1 Asian @entity1 . The etiology of @entity177 comprised 53 @entity6 , 13 @entity101 , 1 @entity8 and 1 @entity154 . Complete follow-up was available in 69/70 AVFs in 67 @entity1 . @entity1 were excluded from analysis if they had not yet started dialysis (n=12), stopped or died (n=4) before their @entity292 was accessed. @entity1 whose AVFs were patent, but required a secondary procedure to achieve a functional access were considered non-functional. There was a significant difference between the maximal intraoperative flow rates between functional and non-functional AVFs (573.6+/-103 mL/min vs. 216.8+/-35.8 mL/min; p<0.05). There was no difference between groups in regard to age, gender, race or etiology of @entity177 . ROC analysis suggested a threshold value of 140 mL/min for radiocephalic and 308 mL/min for brachiocephalic AVFs to predict maturation to a functional access. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative blood flow measurements obtained at the time of autologous @entity2548 construction can identify @entity292 that are unlikely to mature; and therefore, that require immediate revision or abandonment which will ultimately expedite the establishment of a useful access in the HD @entity1 . This is the first study to establish the minimal flow values uniquely needed for both radial artery and brachial artery AVFs to expect primary maturation to a functional access.

title: Predicting XXXX maturation with intraoperative blood flow measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormality']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'autologous arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: 1. Endoscopic staging of peptic @entity1066 lesions according to Sakita will be a methodological improvement in therapeutic trials provided that the correlation between stages and the time spent in treatment is proved valid. 2. We describe a double-blind controlled randomized trial carried out to determine the efficacy of @entity4444 in @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 in the H stage of Sakita endoscopic staging. Fifty-two @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 (H stage) were randomly allocated to receive either 400 mg @entity4444 twice daily (N = 26), or placebo (N = 26) for two weeks; @entity1 with unhealed ulcers continued the same treatment for an additional week. 3. Of the @entity4444 -treated @entity1 , 19 (73%) were healed after two weeks and 23 (88.5%) after three weeks of treatment, and of the placebo-treated @entity1 , 8 (31%) were healed after two and 13 (50%) after three weeks. 4. These differences indicate a natural tendency of the H stage lesions to heal faster than reported for the active (stage A) lesions and still faster if treated with @entity4444 . These findings, by establishing a relationship between the @entity1066 stage and the time spent in treatment, may help the physician to treat duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 and will enable the adoption of an important, uniform criterion for selection of duodenal @entity1066 @entity1 for therapeutic trials, especially in multicenter trials.

title: Relationship between Sakita endoscopic stage and duration of treatment for duodenal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer healing']


abstract: The aim of this study was to validate the 2005-2006 National Institutes of Health (NIH) scale for @entity1 's self-reporting and clinical manifestations of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Numerical parameters of the NIH scale were analyzed for their construct validity (correlation of the NIH scale with numerical rating scale [NRS] for @entity158 ) and internal consistency reliability (correlation between different parameters of the same scale). Categoric parameters were analyzed by comparison between severity subgroups defined by the oral manifestation (lichenoid/erythema/ @entity1066 ). Analysis included data of 75 evaluations. The total NIH score and the NRS for @entity158 were found to be moderately correlated (r=0.449). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was .718. Strong correlations were found between the total NIH score and both erythema and @entity1066 scores (r=0.746 and r=0.926, respectively). The difference between the 2 "severe" subgroups (ie, lichenoid and erythema/ @entity1066 ) was significant (P=.025). The difference between the moderate-erythema/ @entity1066 subgroup and the severe-lichenoid subgroup was nonsignificant (total NIH score and NRS for @entity158 : P=.276 and .291, respectively). The correlation between the total NIH score and the NRS for @entity158 is only moderate. The internal consistency reliability analysis yielded good reliability, especially for erythema and @entity1066 . Analysis of categoric parameters suggests that the NIH scale disproportionately differentiates between moderate-erythema/ @entity1066 and severe-lichenoid @entity2132 .

title: Validation of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) scale for @entity2132 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['cGVHD', 'oral chronic graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['cGVHD']


abstract: The aim of this study was to validate the 2005-2006 National Institutes of Health (NIH) scale for @entity1 's self-reporting and clinical manifestations of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Numerical parameters of the NIH scale were analyzed for their construct validity (correlation of the NIH scale with numerical rating scale [NRS] for @entity158 ) and internal consistency reliability (correlation between different parameters of the same scale). Categoric parameters were analyzed by comparison between severity subgroups defined by the oral manifestation (lichenoid/erythema/ @entity1066 ). Analysis included data of 75 evaluations. The total NIH score and the NRS for @entity158 were found to be moderately correlated (r=0.449). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was .718. Strong correlations were found between the total NIH score and both erythema and @entity1066 scores (r=0.746 and r=0.926, respectively). The difference between the 2 "severe" subgroups (ie, lichenoid and erythema/ @entity1066 ) was significant (P=.025). The difference between the moderate-erythema/ @entity1066 subgroup and the severe-lichenoid subgroup was nonsignificant (total NIH score and NRS for @entity158 : P=.276 and .291, respectively). The correlation between the total NIH score and the NRS for @entity158 is only moderate. The internal consistency reliability analysis yielded good reliability, especially for erythema and @entity1066 . Analysis of categoric parameters suggests that the NIH scale disproportionately differentiates between moderate-erythema/ @entity1066 and severe-lichenoid @entity2132 .

title: Validation of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) scale for XXXX ( @entity2132 ).

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['oral chronic graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: @entity63312 , @entity43545 , and @entity15931 [also known as @entity63312 , @entity43545 , and @entity15931 , respectively] constitute a unique family of putative protein @entity669 phosphatases (PTPs) modified by farnesylation. @entity15931 is amplified and its message is up-regulated in @entity14 metastases. Its ectopic expression promotes invasive and metastatic properties, supporting a causal link between @entity15931 and late-stage @entity5 development. However, neither PRL phosphatase substrates nor their signaling pathways have been defined. To address possible mechanisms for the biological activity of @entity15931 , we sought to identify its downstream targets, reasoning that regulators of motility and invasion, such as the Rho family of small GTPases, might be logical candidates. We found that levels of active @entity3547 and @entity33760 were increased 4- to 7-fold in SW480 @entity14 cells expressing exogenous @entity63312 and @entity15931 , and that PRL-mediated motility and Matrigel invasion were blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of Rho kinase (ROCK), a key Rho effector. In contrast, the activity of Rac was reduced by PRL PTPs, whereas @entity5605 activity was unaffected. @entity15931 stimulated transcription driven by the serum response element in a Rho-dependent manner. We also confirmed that the ability of PRL PTPs to induce invasion and motility is dependent on farnesylation. Catalytic @entity15931 mutants ( @entity71966 or @entity71967 ) were impaired in @entity15931 -induced invasion and Rho activation, indicating that these properties require phosphatase activity. We conclude that PRL PTPs stimulate Rho signaling pathways to promote motility and invasion. Characterization of PRL activity and regulatory pathways should enhance efforts to understand and interfere with PRL-mediated events in invasion and @entity3 .

title: PRL XXXX phosphatases regulate rho family GTPases to promote invasion and motility.

entities_list: @entity63312 :: ('7803', 'Gene') :: ['PRL-1', 'PTP4A1', 'Phosphatase found in regenerating liver (PRL)-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity71967 :: ('p|SUB|D|72|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D72A']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Oxidative stress is commonly observed in the elderly and could be involved in age-related diseases. However, the determinants of @entity224 anion overproduction are not clearly understood. @entity224 anion production was evaluated using a @entity12487 -based chemiluminescence method in 478 elderly subjects (304 @entity1 , 174 @entity1 ; 79.5+/-7.1 years). @entity1255 (HCy) metabolism ( @entity3563 , @entity2186 , plasma, and erythrocyte @entity26457 ), @entity32 (CRP, @entity2002 , alpha-1 acid glycoprotein), lipid parameters (total @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL and LDL @entity165 ), and nutritional parameters (albumin, transthyretin) were determined. The results show that HCy levels (p<0.001) and @entity224 anion production (p=0.04) increase with aging, but CRP does not. Highest HCy (>20 microM) (OR 1.83 (1.09-3.07), p=0.02) and CRP over 5 mg/L (adjusted OR 2.01 (1.15-3.51), p=0.01) are the main determinants in @entity224 anion production in the elderly. These clinical data are confirmed in an in vitro study using @entity1357 monocyte-like cells. Incubation with HCy @entity52546 (HTL) (0-200 microM) and @entity558 (0-20 ng/ml) dramatically enhances @entity1110 oxidase expression and activation. Moreover, a synergic action was evidenced for low concentrations of HTL (20 microM) and @entity558 (5 ng). Taken together, the clinical data and in vitro experiments support the hypothesis that moderate @entity3563 and low-grade @entity32 synergically enhance @entity1110 oxidase activity in the elderly.

title: XXXX and @entity32 as main determinants of oxidative stress in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity52546 :: ('CHEBI:60317', 'Chemical') :: ['thiolactone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3563 :: ('MESH:C566403', 'Disease') :: ['homocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

entities_list: @entity12487 :: ('MESH:C033472', 'Chemical') :: ['lucigenin']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['Homocysteine']


abstract: Oxidative stress is commonly observed in the elderly and could be involved in age-related diseases. However, the determinants of @entity224 anion overproduction are not clearly understood. @entity224 anion production was evaluated using a @entity12487 -based chemiluminescence method in 478 elderly subjects (304 @entity1 , 174 @entity1 ; 79.5+/-7.1 years). @entity1255 (HCy) metabolism ( @entity3563 , @entity2186 , plasma, and erythrocyte @entity26457 ), @entity32 (CRP, @entity2002 , alpha-1 acid glycoprotein), lipid parameters (total @entity165 , @entity1674 , HDL and LDL @entity165 ), and nutritional parameters (albumin, transthyretin) were determined. The results show that HCy levels (p<0.001) and @entity224 anion production (p=0.04) increase with aging, but CRP does not. Highest HCy (>20 microM) (OR 1.83 (1.09-3.07), p=0.02) and CRP over 5 mg/L (adjusted OR 2.01 (1.15-3.51), p=0.01) are the main determinants in @entity224 anion production in the elderly. These clinical data are confirmed in an in vitro study using @entity1357 monocyte-like cells. Incubation with HCy @entity52546 (HTL) (0-200 microM) and @entity558 (0-20 ng/ml) dramatically enhances @entity1110 oxidase expression and activation. Moreover, a synergic action was evidenced for low concentrations of HTL (20 microM) and @entity558 (5 ng). Taken together, the clinical data and in vitro experiments support the hypothesis that moderate @entity3563 and low-grade @entity32 synergically enhance @entity1110 oxidase activity in the elderly.

title: @entity1255 and XXXX as main determinants of oxidative stress in the elderly.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity48835 ( @entity48835 ) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are crucial factors in follicular growth and development. @entity48835 and BMPs initiate signaling by assembling type I (ALK-3, ALK-5 and @entity41030 ) and type II ( @entity71968 ) receptors. However, the mechanism regulating the expression of these receptors in the process of @entity291 follicle development is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to clarify the involvement of receptor systems for @entity48835 and BMPs in follicular selection by examining the effects of FSH and @entity53 -17beta (E2) on the regulation of @entity71968 , ALK-3, ALK-5 and @entity41030 mRNA expression in @entity291 granulosa cells (GCs). To observe mRNA expression during follicular development, follicles were obtained from heifers and classified into two groups: pre-selection follicles (PRFs) (an average of 7.7 mm follicles with low E2) and post-selection follicles (POFs) (an average of 15 mm follicles with high E2). Theca layer cells (TCs) and GCs were harvested from aspirated follicles. For in vitro studies, GCs were obtained from @entity291 follicles of 4-7 mm diameter and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's/F12 (DMEM/F-12) medium with 10% fetal calf serum for 24 h. The medium was then replaced with serum-free DMEM/F-12 supplemented with different doses of E2 (1, 10, 100 ng/ml) or FSH (1, 5, 10 ng/ml) or combinations of 1 ng/ml of E2 with different FSH doses. Total RNA was extracted and the mRNA expression of @entity71968 , ALK-3, ALK-5 and @entity41030 was estimated by the quantitative real-time PCR method using a LightCycler. @entity71968 and ALK-5 expression was significantly higher in the GCs of POFs than in those of PRFs, whereas ALK-3 expression was significantly lower in the GCs of POFs than in those of PRFs. There was no difference in @entity41030 expression in GCs between PRFs and POFs. The expression of @entity71968 , ALK-5, ALK-3 and @entity41030 genes in the TCs was not significantly different between PRFs and POFs. Treatment of GCs with E2 alone increased @entity71968 mRNA expression at a concentration of 100 ng/ml and ALK-5 mRNA expression at 10 ng/ml. @entity71968 and ALK-5 mRNA levels were up-regulated by the combination of E2 (1 ng/ml) and FSH (5 ng/ml). On the other hand, FSH alone down-regulated the expression of @entity71968 and ALK-5 in GCs. The results of the present study provide the first evidence that FSH and E2 regulate the expression of @entity71968 and ALK-5 genes in @entity291 GCs. Thus, our data suggest that the @entity48835 / @entity71968 /ALK-5 system may be critically involved in the process of selection of @entity291 follicles.

title: Hormonal regulation of expression of @entity48835 receptor type I and II genes in the XXXX ovarian follicle.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity48835 :: ('282574(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['Growth differentiation factor-9', 'GDF-9']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: @entity48835 ( @entity48835 ) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are crucial factors in follicular growth and development. @entity48835 and BMPs initiate signaling by assembling type I (ALK-3, ALK-5 and @entity41030 ) and type II ( @entity71968 ) receptors. However, the mechanism regulating the expression of these receptors in the process of @entity291 follicle development is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to clarify the involvement of receptor systems for @entity48835 and BMPs in follicular selection by examining the effects of FSH and @entity53 -17beta (E2) on the regulation of @entity71968 , ALK-3, ALK-5 and @entity41030 mRNA expression in @entity291 granulosa cells (GCs). To observe mRNA expression during follicular development, follicles were obtained from heifers and classified into two groups: pre-selection follicles (PRFs) (an average of 7.7 mm follicles with low E2) and post-selection follicles (POFs) (an average of 15 mm follicles with high E2). Theca layer cells (TCs) and GCs were harvested from aspirated follicles. For in vitro studies, GCs were obtained from @entity291 follicles of 4-7 mm diameter and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's/F12 (DMEM/F-12) medium with 10% fetal calf serum for 24 h. The medium was then replaced with serum-free DMEM/F-12 supplemented with different doses of E2 (1, 10, 100 ng/ml) or FSH (1, 5, 10 ng/ml) or combinations of 1 ng/ml of E2 with different FSH doses. Total RNA was extracted and the mRNA expression of @entity71968 , ALK-3, ALK-5 and @entity41030 was estimated by the quantitative real-time PCR method using a LightCycler. @entity71968 and ALK-5 expression was significantly higher in the GCs of POFs than in those of PRFs, whereas ALK-3 expression was significantly lower in the GCs of POFs than in those of PRFs. There was no difference in @entity41030 expression in GCs between PRFs and POFs. The expression of @entity71968 , ALK-5, ALK-3 and @entity41030 genes in the TCs was not significantly different between PRFs and POFs. Treatment of GCs with E2 alone increased @entity71968 mRNA expression at a concentration of 100 ng/ml and ALK-5 mRNA expression at 10 ng/ml. @entity71968 and ALK-5 mRNA levels were up-regulated by the combination of E2 (1 ng/ml) and FSH (5 ng/ml). On the other hand, FSH alone down-regulated the expression of @entity71968 and ALK-5 in GCs. The results of the present study provide the first evidence that FSH and E2 regulate the expression of @entity71968 and ALK-5 genes in @entity291 GCs. Thus, our data suggest that the @entity48835 / @entity71968 /ALK-5 system may be critically involved in the process of selection of @entity291 follicles.

title: Hormonal regulation of expression of XXXX receptor type I and II genes in the @entity291 ovarian follicle.

answer: @entity48835 :: (282574(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['growth differentiation factor-9']


abstract: @entity16 induced by @entity599 mustard (SM) are the important problems in exposed @entity1 . The damaging mechanisms are not clearly understood. In the present study the relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory mediators and @entity4858 induced by SM was evaluated. Bulbar conjunctiva and limbal tissue abnormalities were significantly more frequent in the expose versus control group (P=0.004 and 0.048 respectively). The serum levels of @entity1192 and @entity310 in the exposed group with and without Slit lamp findings were significantly lower than their counterpart in the control group. The serum levels of @entity1356 in the exposed group with Slit lamp findings were significantly lower than their counterpart in the control group. The serum levels of @entity1356 in the controls with Slit lamp findings were significantly higher than the controls without Slit lamp findings. The serum levels of @entity1193 and @entity1495 in the exposed group with and without Slit lamp findings do not display any significant differences as compared to the similar controls. The serum levels of @entity650 in the exposed group with or without Slit lamp findings were significantly lower than their counterpart in the control group (P=0.048 and 0.008 respectively). The serum titers of the @entity1851 in the exposed group without Slit lamp findings were significantly elevated versus their counterpart in the control group (P=0.004 and 0.011 respectively). The serum levels of these inflammatory cytokines except for @entity1193 and @entity1495 , decreased in SM exposed subject independent of ocular problems. More local studies on the eyes are needed to clarify the exact role of this cytokines in ocular problems of chemical.

title: Evaluation of relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory mediators and @entity4858 induced by XXXX mustard: Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular damages']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injuries']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: @entity16 induced by @entity599 mustard (SM) are the important problems in exposed @entity1 . The damaging mechanisms are not clearly understood. In the present study the relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory mediators and @entity4858 induced by SM was evaluated. Bulbar conjunctiva and limbal tissue abnormalities were significantly more frequent in the expose versus control group (P=0.004 and 0.048 respectively). The serum levels of @entity1192 and @entity310 in the exposed group with and without Slit lamp findings were significantly lower than their counterpart in the control group. The serum levels of @entity1356 in the exposed group with Slit lamp findings were significantly lower than their counterpart in the control group. The serum levels of @entity1356 in the controls with Slit lamp findings were significantly higher than the controls without Slit lamp findings. The serum levels of @entity1193 and @entity1495 in the exposed group with and without Slit lamp findings do not display any significant differences as compared to the similar controls. The serum levels of @entity650 in the exposed group with or without Slit lamp findings were significantly lower than their counterpart in the control group (P=0.048 and 0.008 respectively). The serum titers of the @entity1851 in the exposed group without Slit lamp findings were significantly elevated versus their counterpart in the control group (P=0.004 and 0.011 respectively). The serum levels of these inflammatory cytokines except for @entity1193 and @entity1495 , decreased in SM exposed subject independent of ocular problems. More local studies on the eyes are needed to clarify the exact role of this cytokines in ocular problems of chemical.

title: Evaluation of relationship between the serum levels of inflammatory mediators and XXXX induced by @entity599 mustard: Sardasht-Iran Cohort Study.

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['ocular injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review the long-term outcomes of @entity1 with @entity174 treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 54 @entity1 with 55 @entity30844 , A3, C1, or C2 @entity174 treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. The average age of the @entity1 was 57 years. All @entity1 returned for follow-up examination at an average of 59 months, with a minimum of 22 months. Measurements included active range of motion, grip strength, @entity158 assessment, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores, and final radiographic assessment. The paired t-test was used to determine significant differences. RESULTS: All @entity174 healed within 6 weeks. Active range of motion and grip strength of the injured wrist were statistically equal to those of the uninjured wrist for each of the parameters except wrist flexion and forearm supination. However, the difference in wrist flexion was 5 degrees and the difference in supination was 4 degrees , both of which are of little clinical importance. Eighty-five percent of @entity1 were @entity158 free. Radiographic parameters comparing the immediate postoperative view with the views taken at final follow-up showed no significant differences. One @entity1 required reoperation for loss of reduction after a fall in the preoperative period, and 3 others had minor complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for @entity174 had excellent range of motion, normal Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores, and no significant differences in the radiographic parameters between @entity174 fixation and @entity174 healing. Complications were few. Pinning is an efficacious, low-cost treatment option for 2- and 3-part @entity174 with excellent long-term results. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: Long-term outcomes of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal radius fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radius fractures']


abstract: At present, photochemical detection of SOD-activity is used in most cases, where @entity224 production is based on the @entity1110 oxidase activity or autooxidation of some substances, for instance, adrenaline. The shortcomings of these assays are the requirement of stable pH and temperature and need long-term experiments and sophisticated preliminary work. For this reason a novel method to determine SOD activity have been proposed, based on the photochemiluminescence ( @entity4351 ), where @entity71969 is used as a photosensitizer and @entity12487 as a free-radical detector. Minimal concentrations of the system components have been selected, at which @entity4351 intensity became virtually independent on the concentration and was sufficient for proper measurements: 25 nmole/ml of @entity71969 , 3 nmole/ml of @entity12487 and 250 nmole/ml of @entity1853 . Under this conditions, the amount of SOD causing two-fold inhibition of @entity4351 was 10 +/- 0.3 ng of SOD (Sigma, USA). Antioxidants occurring in the blood changed the @entity4351 intensity by 5% at following concentrations: @entity620 --above 3.6 microM, @entity414 --above 0.3 microM, @entity2041 --above 4.0 microM. Taking into account the amount of these antioxidants in whole blood and erythrocytes, it has been calculated that the antioxidants containing in the sample do not influence the results of SOD assay, even without erythrocytes washing. The proposed method was compared with a procedure offered by Calbiochem. The amounts of SOD causing two-fold decrease of @entity4351 in our method and that of Calbiochem, were 10 and 40 ng (Sigma, USA), and standard deviations 0.45 and 0.96%, respectively. The SOD activity from 107 healthy donors (76 males and 31 females, 40 smokers and 67 non-smokers) has been determined and was found to be 15.1 +/- 0.4 ng @entity1367 x 10(9) erythrocytes.

title: [A simple method of measuring XXXX dismutase activity using photochemiluminescence].

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity71969 :: ('CHEBI:17015', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Prevalence of adult @entity1593 is unknown in Tunisia. Symptomatic forms are less frequent than silent forms, which, according to recent serological screening in Europe and the United States, have an estimated prevalence of 1/100 to 1/500. We aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity1593 in healthy blood donors in Tunisia. METHODS: Between November 2002 and March 2004, 1 418 sera from blood donors were tested for IgA @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) by indirect immuno-fluorescence on monkey esophagus cryosections. RESULTS: The sample population included 1090 @entity1 and 328 @entity1 : mean age 29 and 26 years respectively. Three sera from two @entity1 and one @entity1 were positive for IgA @entity1701 . ELISA search for anti-tissue tranglutaminase antibodies (ATG) in these three sera was positive in two. Upper @entity344 with proximal intestinal biopsies was performed in the three @entity1 . @entity194 was observed in the two ATG-positive @entity1 , confirming the diagnosis of @entity1593 . In the third @entity1 , histologic examination did not show any abnormality. CONCLUSION: @entity1593 is considered relatively rare in Tunisia. In fact, our study revealed a prevalence of about 1/700 among blood donors.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in Tunisian blood donors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'Adult celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['anti-endomysium antibodies', 'EMA']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Subtotal or total villous atrophy']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: 265 adult outpatients with @entity14256 (DSM-III) associated with clinically manifest @entity148 (according to FDA criteria) were included in a multicenter, randomized double-blind study. The trial consisted of three phases: placebo pretreatment phase and inclusion in the trial, treatment phase, placebo posttreatment phase. @entity1 were treated in monotherapy for 42 days with a mean dosage of 3 tablets per day corresponding to 37.5 mg/day of @entity13707 or 75 mg/day of @entity3659 respectively. The following assessment instruments were used: the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the @entity148 ( @entity148 ), and the Check-List for the Evaluation of Somatic Symptoms of J.D. Guelfi and C.B. Pull (CHESS 82). Analysis of MADRS total scores showed an important and rapid improvement in @entity13707 and @entity3659 groups, reaching statistical significance as soon as D7. At the end of the 6-week treatment period the @entity13707 group reached a decrease of 64% in the initial MADRS total score versus 69% in the @entity3659 group. 78% of @entity1 treated with @entity13707 and 83% of @entity1 treated with @entity3659 were considered as treatment responders. There was no difference in drop-out rates between the two groups. @entity148 scores showed a decrease in psychic as well as somatic @entity148 in both groups. The action of @entity13707 on anxious-depressive symptomatology was confirmed by the concomitant improvement of global clinical rating and @entity1 ' self-rating ( @entity39004 ). Statistical comparison of all clinical rating-scale scores in @entity1 having completed the trial failed to show any significant group differences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of XXXX in anxious-depressed @entity1 : results of a controlled multicenter trial versus @entity3659 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14256 :: ('MESH:D019263', 'Disease') :: ['dysthymic disorder']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity13707 :: ('MESH:C050504', 'Chemical') :: ['tianeptine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale', 'HARS']

answer: @entity13707 :: (MESH:C050504,Chemical) :: ['tianeptine']


abstract: 265 adult outpatients with @entity14256 (DSM-III) associated with clinically manifest @entity148 (according to FDA criteria) were included in a multicenter, randomized double-blind study. The trial consisted of three phases: placebo pretreatment phase and inclusion in the trial, treatment phase, placebo posttreatment phase. @entity1 were treated in monotherapy for 42 days with a mean dosage of 3 tablets per day corresponding to 37.5 mg/day of @entity13707 or 75 mg/day of @entity3659 respectively. The following assessment instruments were used: the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the @entity148 ( @entity148 ), and the Check-List for the Evaluation of Somatic Symptoms of J.D. Guelfi and C.B. Pull (CHESS 82). Analysis of MADRS total scores showed an important and rapid improvement in @entity13707 and @entity3659 groups, reaching statistical significance as soon as D7. At the end of the 6-week treatment period the @entity13707 group reached a decrease of 64% in the initial MADRS total score versus 69% in the @entity3659 group. 78% of @entity1 treated with @entity13707 and 83% of @entity1 treated with @entity3659 were considered as treatment responders. There was no difference in drop-out rates between the two groups. @entity148 scores showed a decrease in psychic as well as somatic @entity148 in both groups. The action of @entity13707 on anxious-depressive symptomatology was confirmed by the concomitant improvement of global clinical rating and @entity1 ' self-rating ( @entity39004 ). Statistical comparison of all clinical rating-scale scores in @entity1 having completed the trial failed to show any significant group differences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of @entity13707 in anxious-depressed @entity1 : results of a controlled multicenter trial versus XXXX .

answer: @entity3659 :: (MESH:D000639,Chemical) :: ['amitriptyline']


abstract: 265 adult outpatients with @entity14256 (DSM-III) associated with clinically manifest @entity148 (according to FDA criteria) were included in a multicenter, randomized double-blind study. The trial consisted of three phases: placebo pretreatment phase and inclusion in the trial, treatment phase, placebo posttreatment phase. @entity1 were treated in monotherapy for 42 days with a mean dosage of 3 tablets per day corresponding to 37.5 mg/day of @entity13707 or 75 mg/day of @entity3659 respectively. The following assessment instruments were used: the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the @entity148 ( @entity148 ), and the Check-List for the Evaluation of Somatic Symptoms of J.D. Guelfi and C.B. Pull (CHESS 82). Analysis of MADRS total scores showed an important and rapid improvement in @entity13707 and @entity3659 groups, reaching statistical significance as soon as D7. At the end of the 6-week treatment period the @entity13707 group reached a decrease of 64% in the initial MADRS total score versus 69% in the @entity3659 group. 78% of @entity1 treated with @entity13707 and 83% of @entity1 treated with @entity3659 were considered as treatment responders. There was no difference in drop-out rates between the two groups. @entity148 scores showed a decrease in psychic as well as somatic @entity148 in both groups. The action of @entity13707 on anxious-depressive symptomatology was confirmed by the concomitant improvement of global clinical rating and @entity1 ' self-rating ( @entity39004 ). Statistical comparison of all clinical rating-scale scores in @entity1 having completed the trial failed to show any significant group differences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of @entity13707 in anxious-depressed XXXX : results of a controlled multicenter trial versus @entity3659 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Type I interferons (e.g. IFNalpha2b) have been successfully used to treat a variety of @entity1583 , but have not been efficacious for treatment of most solid @entity5 . We tested the hypothesis that delivery of type I interferon utilizing recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vectors may improve treatment efficacy of metastatic @entity189 by providing increased interferon exposure resulting from continuous transgene expression. Treatment of @entity19 with a rAd-vector expressing hybrid-IFN (rAd-IFNalpha2alpha1) inhibited 4T1 mammary @entity5 growth and induced @entity5 regression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, rAd-IFNalpha2alpha1 treatment reduced hepatic and pulmonary metastatic burden. A comparison of local and systemic routes of administration demonstrated that intratumoral delivery of rAd-IFNalpha2alpha1 was sufficient for inhibition of @entity5 growth. Moreover, it reduced @entity137 associated with high-dose systemic IFNalpha2alpha1 exposure. Interestingly, antitumor activity following intratumoral treatment was due, in part, to the immunostimulatory capacity of the rAd vector component. Furthermore, systemic administration of rAd-IFNalpha2alpha1 potentiated the immunotherapeutic effect induced by local intralesional delivery of empty-rAd vector. These results suggest continuous @entity12419 exposure may provide improved antitumor responses for metastatic @entity189 . Additionally, immunostimulatory responses induced by rAd-IFNalpha2alpha1 may mitigate the immune-evasive @entity5 microenvironment.

title: Adenovirus delivery provides extended XXXX exposure and augments treatment of @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'carcinoma tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity12419 :: (111654(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interferon-alpha']


abstract: Type I interferons (e.g. IFNalpha2b) have been successfully used to treat a variety of @entity1583 , but have not been efficacious for treatment of most solid @entity5 . We tested the hypothesis that delivery of type I interferon utilizing recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vectors may improve treatment efficacy of metastatic @entity189 by providing increased interferon exposure resulting from continuous transgene expression. Treatment of @entity19 with a rAd-vector expressing hybrid-IFN (rAd-IFNalpha2alpha1) inhibited 4T1 mammary @entity5 growth and induced @entity5 regression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, rAd-IFNalpha2alpha1 treatment reduced hepatic and pulmonary metastatic burden. A comparison of local and systemic routes of administration demonstrated that intratumoral delivery of rAd-IFNalpha2alpha1 was sufficient for inhibition of @entity5 growth. Moreover, it reduced @entity137 associated with high-dose systemic IFNalpha2alpha1 exposure. Interestingly, antitumor activity following intratumoral treatment was due, in part, to the immunostimulatory capacity of the rAd vector component. Furthermore, systemic administration of rAd-IFNalpha2alpha1 potentiated the immunotherapeutic effect induced by local intralesional delivery of empty-rAd vector. These results suggest continuous @entity12419 exposure may provide improved antitumor responses for metastatic @entity189 . Additionally, immunostimulatory responses induced by rAd-IFNalpha2alpha1 may mitigate the immune-evasive @entity5 microenvironment.

title: Adenovirus delivery provides extended @entity12419 exposure and augments treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['metastatic carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the orthoptic and ophthalmological findings in schoolchildren with @entity16479 , to correlate them with asthenopic symptoms and to evaluate the effect of treatment. One hundred and twenty schoolchildren, aged 6-16 years, were included in the study. They were all referred by school nurses, for asthenopic symptoms. An orthoptic and ophthalmological assessment was performed. The main diagnoses were @entity1887 , @entity1319 , @entity2516 , and latent strabismus. Reading glasses could help 98% of the schoolchildren with reduced accommodation, and 94% of the @entity1 with @entity2516 were helped with appropriate spherical, cylindrical and prism correction. Convergence exercise reduced the symptoms in all @entity1 with @entity1319 . Ninety-three percent of all 120 schoolchildren were symptom free 3-6 month after treatment had started. By an orthoptic and ophthalmological examination abnormalities in schoolchildren with @entity16479 related to @entity227 can be identified. Most of the @entity1 were relieved from their symptoms by giving adequate glasses, convergence exercises and surgery.

title: XXXX in schoolchildren, orthoptic and ophthalmological findings and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual problems']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors and heterophorias', 'refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity16479 :: ('MESH:D001248', 'Disease') :: ['asthenopia']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['accommodative insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['convergence insufficiency']

answer: @entity16479 :: (MESH:D001248,Disease) :: ['Asthenopia']


abstract: Pauci-immune @entity8 is associated strongly with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class, which are detected in 80% to 90% of affected @entity1 . IgA ANCAs have been reported in association with various conditions, but never in the setting of @entity19417 . A 28-year-old @entity1 with unexplained polyclonal hyper- @entity5727 diagnosed in childhood presented with decreased kidney function, @entity1985 , and microscopic @entity811 . Kidney biopsy showed pauci-immune crescentic @entity631 . Serum test results were negative for IgG ANCA by means of both indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques. Conversely, indirect immunofluorescence performed using anti-IgA antibody was strongly positive with a cytoplasmic ANCA pattern, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test had positive results for both antimyeloperoxidase and anti-proteinase 3 IgA. IgA ANCAs were not detected in 2 control serum samples from 1 patient with @entity28295 patient with monoclonal hyper-IgA. The @entity1 received @entity288 and 4 weekly perfusions of rituximab (375 mg/m2). After a 6-month follow-up, decreased kidney function and @entity1985 persisted and IgA ANCA titers were unchanged. However, a control kidney biopsy showed a decrease in @entity1333 activity. This first case of @entity19417 associated with ANCA of the IgA class suggests the potential pathogenetic role of these peculiar antibodies. Additional studies are needed to determine whether IgA ANCAs, which are not routinely screened for, can be detected in @entity1 with @entity19417 either alone or in association with IgG ANCA.

title: Pauci-immune crescentic XXXX associated with ANCA of IgA class.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity28295 :: ('MESH:D005922', 'Disease') :: ['polyclonal hyper-IgA and 1']

entities_list: @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['pauci-immune vasculitis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: @entity71970 was identified and quantified as impurity of @entity71971 , an antifungal compound, by capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray-mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI- @entity15 ). The chirality of this impurity was demonstrated separating their enantiomers by adding @entity71972 to the separation buffer in capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV detection. However, @entity15 detection was hyphenated to the CE instrument for its identification. As both compounds are diastereomers, they have the same m/z values and are needed to be separated prior to the @entity15 identification. A 0.4M @entity5189 separation buffer at pH 3.0 enabled the separation of the impurity from @entity71971 . Under these conditions, the optimization of ESI- @entity15 parameters (composition and flow of the sheath-liquid, drying temperature, drying gas flow, and capillary potential) was carried out to obtain the best @entity15 sensitivity. CZE-ESI- @entity15 optimized conditions enabled the identification of @entity71970 as impurity of @entity71971 . In addition, the quantitation of this impurity was achieved in different samples: @entity71971 standard and three different pharmaceutical formulations (two tablets and one syrup) containing this standard. In all cases, percentages higher than 2.0 were determined for the impurity. According to ICH guidelines, these values required the identification and quantitation of any impurity in drug substances and products.

title: Identification and quantitation of XXXX impurity by capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity71970 :: ('CHEBI:48342', 'Chemical') :: ['trans-Ketoconazole', 'trans-ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity71972 :: ('MESH:C037508', 'Chemical') :: ['heptakis-(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin']

entities_list: @entity71971 :: ('CHEBI:47519', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium formate']

answer: @entity71971 :: (CHEBI:47519,Chemical) :: ['cis-ketoconazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Spasticity is a common complication with @entity16 and @entity75 . Instrumented systems to evaluate @entity508 often cannot provide an immediate result, thus limiting their clinical usefulness. In this study we investigated the accuracy and reliability of the portable Neurokinetics @entity35125 Ridgidity Analyzer to measure @entity2693 of the ankle joint in 46 controls, 14 spinal cord injured (SCI) and 23 @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Ankle @entity2693 measures were made twice by two raters, at speeds above and below the expected stretch reflex threshold. Ankle torque was measured with the portable device and a stationary torque motor. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was assessed with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Stiffness measures with the portable and stationary devices were significantly correlated for controls and @entity15 @entity1 (p < 0.01). Intra-rater reliability for the portable device ranged from 0.60-0.89 (SCI) and 0.63-0.67 (control) and inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.70-0.73 (SCI) and 0.61-0.77 (control). Ankle @entity2693 measures in SCI and @entity15 @entity1 were significantly larger than in controls for both slow (p < 0.05) and fast movements (p < 0.01), with @entity2693 being larger for fast compared to slow movements in SCI and @entity15 @entity1 (p < 0.05), but not in controls (p = 0.5). CONCLUSION: The portable device correlated well with measures obtained by a torque motor in both controls and @entity15 @entity1 , showed high intra- and inter-rater reliability for the SCI @entity1 , and could easily distinguish between stiff and control ankle joints. However, the device, in its current form, may be less accurate during rapid movements when inertia contributes to @entity2693 and the shape of the air-filled pads did not provide a good interface with the foot. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that a portable device can potentially be a useful diagnostic tool to obtain reliable information of @entity2693 for the ankle joint.

title: Assessment of a portable device for the quantitative measurement of ankle joint @entity2693 in XXXX individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spastic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Spasticity is a common complication with @entity16 and @entity75 . Instrumented systems to evaluate @entity508 often cannot provide an immediate result, thus limiting their clinical usefulness. In this study we investigated the accuracy and reliability of the portable Neurokinetics @entity35125 Ridgidity Analyzer to measure @entity2693 of the ankle joint in 46 controls, 14 spinal cord injured (SCI) and 23 @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Ankle @entity2693 measures were made twice by two raters, at speeds above and below the expected stretch reflex threshold. Ankle torque was measured with the portable device and a stationary torque motor. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was assessed with the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: Stiffness measures with the portable and stationary devices were significantly correlated for controls and @entity15 @entity1 (p < 0.01). Intra-rater reliability for the portable device ranged from 0.60-0.89 (SCI) and 0.63-0.67 (control) and inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.70-0.73 (SCI) and 0.61-0.77 (control). Ankle @entity2693 measures in SCI and @entity15 @entity1 were significantly larger than in controls for both slow (p < 0.05) and fast movements (p < 0.01), with @entity2693 being larger for fast compared to slow movements in SCI and @entity15 @entity1 (p < 0.05), but not in controls (p = 0.5). CONCLUSION: The portable device correlated well with measures obtained by a torque motor in both controls and @entity15 @entity1 , showed high intra- and inter-rater reliability for the SCI @entity1 , and could easily distinguish between stiff and control ankle joints. However, the device, in its current form, may be less accurate during rapid movements when inertia contributes to @entity2693 and the shape of the air-filled pads did not provide a good interface with the foot. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that a portable device can potentially be a useful diagnostic tool to obtain reliable information of @entity2693 for the ankle joint.

title: Assessment of a portable device for the quantitative measurement of ankle joint XXXX in @entity508 individuals.

answer: @entity2693 :: (MESH:C566112,Disease) :: ['stiffness']


abstract: Electrical synapses are neuronal gap junctions that mediate fast transmission in many neural circuits. The structural proteins of gap junctions are the products of two multigene families. Connexins are unique to chordates; innexins/pannexins encode gap-junction proteins in prechordates and chordates. A concentric array of six protein subunits constitutes a hemichannel; electrical synapses result from the docking of hemichannels in pre- and postsynaptic neurons. Some electrical synapses are bidirectional; others are rectifying junctions that preferentially transmit depolarizing current anterogradely. The phenomenon of rectification was first described five decades ago, but the molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that putative rectifying electrical synapses in the @entity238 Giant Fiber System are assembled from two products of the @entity71385 gene @entity38371 . @entity38371 (Neural+16) is required presynaptically in the Giant Fiber to couple this cell to its postsynaptic targets that express @entity38371 (Lethal). When expressed in vitro in neighboring cells, @entity38371 (Neural+16) and @entity38371 (Lethal) form heterotypic channels that are asymmetrically gated by voltage and exhibit classical rectification. These data provide the most definitive evidence to date that rectification is achieved by differential regulation of the pre- and postsynaptic elements of structurally asymmetric junctions.

title: Molecular mechanism of rectification at identified electrical synapses in the XXXX giant fiber system.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) should be surgically resected, even those smaller than 5  cm in size, which is the threshold of clinical @entity5 for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in the gastrointestinal tract. This study reviewed the use of laparoscopic surgery for gastric partial resection of @entity674 or @entity5 that were suspected to be @entity674 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 underwent laparoscopic partial resection of the stomach for @entity674 or @entity5 . The @entity5 location was confirmed by intraluminal endoscopy. One-half of the circumference around the @entity5 was dissected, and the @entity5 was turned toward the abdominal cavity. The nonresected part of the @entity5 and the edge of the incision line was lifted up using forceps, and the incision line was closed using laparoscopic stapling devices. RESULTS: Two cases were diagnosed as @entity677 by endoscopic biopsy. Six @entity1 underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNAB) examinations, which diagnosed five @entity674 . There were 18 @entity5 smaller than 5  cm, including 10 @entity674 , 4 @entity2909 , 3 @entity808 , and one heterotopic pancreas. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided FNAB is recommended for definite preoperative diagnosis of histopathologically unknown @entity5 to determine the indications for surgery. The laparoscopic approach with the assistance of endoscopy is useful for improving the curability, with minimal invasiveness for the partial resection of @entity674 .

title: Laparoscopic resection for XXXX in the stomach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['SMTs', 'submucosal tumors', 'tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: @entity19 carrying two pink-eyed dilution (p) locus heterozygous deletions represent a novel polygenic @entity19 model of @entity164 2 @entity6 associated with @entity28 . @entity71973 , a putative @entity34895 transporter on @entity19 chromosome 7, is a candidate for the phenotype. The phenotype is diet-induced. As a next logical step in the validation and characterization of the model, experiments to analyze metabolic abnormalities associated with these @entity19 were carried out. Results demonstrate that mutants (inheriting the p deletion maternally) heterozygous for @entity71973 are hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant and have an altered insulin-stimulated response in peripheral tissues. Adipose tissue and the skeletal muscle are the targets, and @entity3240 -mediated @entity413 uptake is the specific metabolic pathway associated with @entity71973 deletion. Insulin resistance primarily affects the adipose tissue and the skeletal muscle, and the effect in the liver is secondary. Gene expression profiling using microarray and real-time PCR show significant changes in the expression of four genes-- @entity61880 , @entity71974 , @entity3240 and @entity1995 --involved in insulin signaling. The expression of @entity71973 is also significantly altered in the adipose tissue and the soleus muscle. The most striking observation is the loss of @entity71973 expression in the mutants, specifically in the soleus muscle, after eating the high-fat diet for 12 weeks. In conclusion, experiments suggest that the target genes and/or their cognate factors in conjunction with @entity71973 presumably affect the normal translocation and sequestration of @entity3240 in both the target tissues.

title: A @entity164 IV P- XXXX ATPase affects insulin-mediated @entity413 uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity34895 :: ('CHEBI:60971', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophospholipid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: @entity19 carrying two pink-eyed dilution (p) locus heterozygous deletions represent a novel polygenic @entity19 model of @entity164 2 @entity6 associated with @entity28 . @entity71973 , a putative @entity34895 transporter on @entity19 chromosome 7, is a candidate for the phenotype. The phenotype is diet-induced. As a next logical step in the validation and characterization of the model, experiments to analyze metabolic abnormalities associated with these @entity19 were carried out. Results demonstrate that mutants (inheriting the p deletion maternally) heterozygous for @entity71973 are hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant and have an altered insulin-stimulated response in peripheral tissues. Adipose tissue and the skeletal muscle are the targets, and @entity3240 -mediated @entity413 uptake is the specific metabolic pathway associated with @entity71973 deletion. Insulin resistance primarily affects the adipose tissue and the skeletal muscle, and the effect in the liver is secondary. Gene expression profiling using microarray and real-time PCR show significant changes in the expression of four genes-- @entity61880 , @entity71974 , @entity3240 and @entity1995 --involved in insulin signaling. The expression of @entity71973 is also significantly altered in the adipose tissue and the soleus muscle. The most striking observation is the loss of @entity71973 expression in the mutants, specifically in the soleus muscle, after eating the high-fat diet for 12 weeks. In conclusion, experiments suggest that the target genes and/or their cognate factors in conjunction with @entity71973 presumably affect the normal translocation and sequestration of @entity3240 in both the target tissues.

title: A XXXX IV P- @entity164 ATPase affects insulin-mediated @entity413 uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in @entity19 .

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: @entity19 carrying two pink-eyed dilution (p) locus heterozygous deletions represent a novel polygenic @entity19 model of @entity164 2 @entity6 associated with @entity28 . @entity71973 , a putative @entity34895 transporter on @entity19 chromosome 7, is a candidate for the phenotype. The phenotype is diet-induced. As a next logical step in the validation and characterization of the model, experiments to analyze metabolic abnormalities associated with these @entity19 were carried out. Results demonstrate that mutants (inheriting the p deletion maternally) heterozygous for @entity71973 are hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant and have an altered insulin-stimulated response in peripheral tissues. Adipose tissue and the skeletal muscle are the targets, and @entity3240 -mediated @entity413 uptake is the specific metabolic pathway associated with @entity71973 deletion. Insulin resistance primarily affects the adipose tissue and the skeletal muscle, and the effect in the liver is secondary. Gene expression profiling using microarray and real-time PCR show significant changes in the expression of four genes-- @entity61880 , @entity71974 , @entity3240 and @entity1995 --involved in insulin signaling. The expression of @entity71973 is also significantly altered in the adipose tissue and the soleus muscle. The most striking observation is the loss of @entity71973 expression in the mutants, specifically in the soleus muscle, after eating the high-fat diet for 12 weeks. In conclusion, experiments suggest that the target genes and/or their cognate factors in conjunction with @entity71973 presumably affect the normal translocation and sequestration of @entity3240 in both the target tissues.

title: A @entity164 IV P- @entity164 ATPase affects insulin-mediated XXXX uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in @entity19 .

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity19 carrying two pink-eyed dilution (p) locus heterozygous deletions represent a novel polygenic @entity19 model of @entity164 2 @entity6 associated with @entity28 . @entity71973 , a putative @entity34895 transporter on @entity19 chromosome 7, is a candidate for the phenotype. The phenotype is diet-induced. As a next logical step in the validation and characterization of the model, experiments to analyze metabolic abnormalities associated with these @entity19 were carried out. Results demonstrate that mutants (inheriting the p deletion maternally) heterozygous for @entity71973 are hyperinsulinemic, insulin-resistant and have an altered insulin-stimulated response in peripheral tissues. Adipose tissue and the skeletal muscle are the targets, and @entity3240 -mediated @entity413 uptake is the specific metabolic pathway associated with @entity71973 deletion. Insulin resistance primarily affects the adipose tissue and the skeletal muscle, and the effect in the liver is secondary. Gene expression profiling using microarray and real-time PCR show significant changes in the expression of four genes-- @entity61880 , @entity71974 , @entity3240 and @entity1995 --involved in insulin signaling. The expression of @entity71973 is also significantly altered in the adipose tissue and the soleus muscle. The most striking observation is the loss of @entity71973 expression in the mutants, specifically in the soleus muscle, after eating the high-fat diet for 12 weeks. In conclusion, experiments suggest that the target genes and/or their cognate factors in conjunction with @entity71973 presumably affect the normal translocation and sequestration of @entity3240 in both the target tissues.

title: A @entity164 IV P- @entity164 ATPase affects insulin-mediated @entity413 uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: High doses of @entity460 antagonists and @entity3362 are the treatment of choice in @entity2553 when no @entity850 or mild @entity850 is present. In ca. 5-30% @entity1 this kind of treatment is not effective. We present five cases of @entity5968 with @entity1187 in @entity1 despite standard pharmacological treatment. These @entity1 also did not respond for intracoronary @entity12118 injection. They were successfully treated with stent implantation in place of @entity2553 . Our observations indicate that early enough interventional treatment prevent @entity583 . In one case in which stent placement was performed 12 h after clinical manifestation @entity583 with Q waves and enzymes release occurred. In others, accurately treated with stent implantation, @entity3361 did not produce @entity296 . We did not see any clinical and biochemical evidence of @entity583 .

title: Coronary artery stent placement as a treatment of @entity1187 in course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5968 :: ('MESH:D000788', 'Disease') :: ['variant angina']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary spasm']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm angina', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity5968 :: (MESH:D000788,Disease) :: ['variant angina']


abstract: High doses of @entity460 antagonists and @entity3362 are the treatment of choice in @entity2553 when no @entity850 or mild @entity850 is present. In ca. 5-30% @entity1 this kind of treatment is not effective. We present five cases of @entity5968 with @entity1187 in @entity1 despite standard pharmacological treatment. These @entity1 also did not respond for intracoronary @entity12118 injection. They were successfully treated with stent implantation in place of @entity2553 . Our observations indicate that early enough interventional treatment prevent @entity583 . In one case in which stent placement was performed 12 h after clinical manifestation @entity583 with Q waves and enzymes release occurred. In others, accurately treated with stent implantation, @entity3361 did not produce @entity296 . We did not see any clinical and biochemical evidence of @entity583 .

title: Coronary artery stent placement as a treatment of XXXX in course of @entity5968 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To monitor changes in @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the proximal tibia and the @entity8546 in @entity1 with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture before and after arthroscopic reconstruction of the ligament, related to clinical data. TYPE OF STUDY: A 2-year prospective cohort study with assessment of @entity1 evaluation of knee performance, clinical scoring of surgical results, and measurement of @entity79 in the tibia and @entity8546 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with a unilateral ACL rupture underwent an autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone graft ACL reconstruction. The @entity1 were examined before surgery and after 4, 12, and 24 months. @entity79 was assessed bilaterally in the proximal tibia and @entity8546 using dual-photon absorptiometry and converted to a Z-score by use of @entity79 values from a group of healthy controls. Clinical evaluation included determination of Lysholm score, quantitative Lachman test, pivot-shift test, and the @entity1 ' self-reported highest level of activity and knee performance in sports and daily activities. RESULTS: There were significant declines in Z-score of the proximal tibia of the operated leg during the first year after surgery, whereas there was no change in the @entity8546 and contralateral leg. In the lateral tibia, the Z-score was significantly lower at 24 months follow-up, compared with both controls and the noninjured side, whereas @entity79 of the medial tibia had returned to near normal levels. There were significant improvements in Lysholm score, highest level of activity, and knee performance in daily activities and sports. The @entity1 ' evaluation of improvement in knee performance in sports activities at 24 months follow-up was associated with an increase in Z-score of the injured leg. CONCLUSIONS: We found a partially reversible decline in @entity79 of the proximal tibia after arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. Improvement in knee performance in sports activities was associated with an increase in @entity79 of the injured leg. @entity79 of the @entity8546 remained unaffected in both legs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic case control study.

title: Bone mineral density in the proximal tibia and XXXX before and after arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity8546 :: ('MESH:C566069', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneus']

answer: @entity8546 :: (MESH:C566069,Disease) :: ['calcaneus']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity615 and sciatica are major sources of disability. Many medical interventions are available, including manipulations, with conflicting results. PURPOSE: To assess the short- and long-term effects of spinal manipulations on @entity615 and sciatica with disc protrusion. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Randomized double-blind trial comparing active and simulated manipulations in rehabilitation medical centers in Rome and suburbs. @entity1 SAMPLE: 102 ambulatory @entity1 with at least moderate @entity158 on a visual analog scale for @entity158 (VAS1) and/or radiating @entity158 (VAS2). OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity158 -free @entity1 at end of treatment; treatment failure (proportion of @entity1 stopping the assigned treatment for lack of effect on @entity158 ); number of days with no, mild, moderate, or severe @entity158 ; quality of life; number of days on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; number of drug prescriptions; VAS1 and VAS2 scores; quality of life and psychosocial findings; and reduction of disc protrusion on magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: Manipulations or simulated manipulations were done 5 days per week by experienced chiropractors, with a number of sessions which depended on @entity158 relief or up to a maximum of 20, using a rapid thrust technique. @entity1 were assessed at admission and at 15, 30, 45, 90, and 180 days. At each visit, all indicators of @entity158 relief were used. RESULTS: A total of 64 @entity1 and 38 @entity1 aged 19-63 years were randomized to manipulations (53) or simulated manipulations (49). Manipulations appeared more effective on the basis of the percentage of @entity158 -free cases ( @entity158 28 vs. 6%; p<.005; radiating @entity158 55 vs. 20%; p<.0001), number of days with @entity158 (23.6 vs. 27.4; p<.005), and number of days with moderate or severe @entity158 (13.9 vs. 17.9; p<.05). @entity1 receiving manipulations had lower mean VAS1 (p<.0001) and VAS2 scores (p<.001). A significant interaction was found between therapeutic arm and time. There were no significant differences in quality of life and psychosocial scores. There were only two treatment failures (manipulation 1; simulated manipulation 1) and no adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Active manipulations have more effect than simulated manipulations on @entity158 relief for @entity615 and sciatica with disc protrusion.

title: Chiropractic manipulation in the treatment of XXXX and sciatica with disc protrusion: a randomized double-blind clinical trial of active and simulated spinal manipulations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['acute back pain', 'Acute back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'local pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['acute back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1744 due to @entity547 is a well-known complication of @entity356 ( @entity356 ). Increasing evidence supports primary closing of the mesenteric defects, but controversy continues about surgical technique of systematic closure. This paper reviews our experience with @entity547 after @entity356 and describes a new method of preemptive closure of the mesenteric defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two thousand four hundred seventy-two consecutive @entity1 undergoing @entity356 from September 2005 to June 2010 were entered into our prospective longitudinal database. The mesenteric defects were not closed. @entity1 entered a 5-year follow-up program, and all who subsequently presented with @entity547 were analyzed. A further 1,630 @entity1 operated on in the last 12 months were subjected to our new technique of closing the defects; data were entered in our own database as well as in the Scandinavian quality registry. Follow-up time for these @entity1 is limited. RESULTS: In the first group, 117 @entity1 developed an @entity547 (4.7%) at a mean interval after @entity356 of 13 (range, 4-43 months). Four @entity1 needed bowel resections because of severe @entity63 . There was one death associated with complication of the @entity547 . In the primary closure group, four @entity1 early in the series had reoperations for kinking of the enteroanastomosis. There have been no mesenteric haematomas encountered. CONCLUSIONS: @entity547 should be ruled out in @entity1 with previous @entity356 and @entity490 . Our technique for primary closing of the mesenteric defects seems to be safe and is so far promising.

title: XXXX after gastric bypass: a new and simplified technique for laparoscopic primary closure of the mesenteric defects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Internal hernia', 'internal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['LRGB', 'laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Internal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk factors for potentially fatal childhood @entity565 are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether self-reported @entity5419 is significantly associated with potentially fatal childhood @entity565 . STUDY DESIGN: Medical records from 72 @entity1 admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for asthmatic exacerbation were reviewed and compared in a case-control design with 2 randomly selected groups of 108 @entity1 admitted to a regular nursing floor for @entity565 and 108 ambulatory @entity1 with @entity565 . Factors evaluated included self-reported @entity5419 , gender, age, poverty area residence, race/ethnicity, inhaled @entity134 exposure, @entity286 exposure, length of hospital stay, psychologic comorbidity, and season of admission. RESULTS: At least one @entity5419 was documented for 13% (38/288) of the @entity1 . Egg, peanut, fish/shellfish, milk, and tree nut accounted for 78.6% of all @entity5419 . @entity1 admitted to the PICU were significantly more likely to report @entity5419 (p = 0.004) and 3.3 times more likely to report at least one @entity5419 compared with @entity1 admitted to a regular nursing floor, and significantly more likely to report @entity5419 (p < 0.001) and 7.4 times more likely to report at least one @entity5419 compared with @entity1 seen in the ambulatory setting. @entity1 admitted to either the PICU or the regular nursing floor were significantly more likely be African-American (p < 0.001) and to be younger (p < 0.01) compared with @entity1 seen in the ambulatory setting. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported @entity5419 is an independent risk factor for potentially fatal childhood @entity565 . Asthmatic @entity1 or adolescents with @entity5419 are a target population for more aggressive @entity565 management.

title: XXXX is associated with potentially fatal childhood @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'food allergies']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['Food allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk factors for potentially fatal childhood @entity565 are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether self-reported @entity5419 is significantly associated with potentially fatal childhood @entity565 . STUDY DESIGN: Medical records from 72 @entity1 admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for asthmatic exacerbation were reviewed and compared in a case-control design with 2 randomly selected groups of 108 @entity1 admitted to a regular nursing floor for @entity565 and 108 ambulatory @entity1 with @entity565 . Factors evaluated included self-reported @entity5419 , gender, age, poverty area residence, race/ethnicity, inhaled @entity134 exposure, @entity286 exposure, length of hospital stay, psychologic comorbidity, and season of admission. RESULTS: At least one @entity5419 was documented for 13% (38/288) of the @entity1 . Egg, peanut, fish/shellfish, milk, and tree nut accounted for 78.6% of all @entity5419 . @entity1 admitted to the PICU were significantly more likely to report @entity5419 (p = 0.004) and 3.3 times more likely to report at least one @entity5419 compared with @entity1 admitted to a regular nursing floor, and significantly more likely to report @entity5419 (p < 0.001) and 7.4 times more likely to report at least one @entity5419 compared with @entity1 seen in the ambulatory setting. @entity1 admitted to either the PICU or the regular nursing floor were significantly more likely be African-American (p < 0.001) and to be younger (p < 0.01) compared with @entity1 seen in the ambulatory setting. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported @entity5419 is an independent risk factor for potentially fatal childhood @entity565 . Asthmatic @entity1 or adolescents with @entity5419 are a target population for more aggressive @entity565 management.

title: @entity5419 is associated with potentially fatal childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Meals disrupt the interdigestive pattern of small bowel motor activity and convert it into the more irregular postprandial pattern. Previous animal studies suggest that the duration of and contractile activity within the postprandial period depend on the chemical composition of a meal. It is not clear whether this is also true for @entity1 . In 8 healthy volunteers I investigated how physiological and isocaloric meals of different chemical composition affect small bowel motor activity. Volunteers underwent two separate, ambulatory 24-hour small bowel manometry studies. Volunteers had a total of four meals on the two study days. They ingested two identical fish meals rich in protein, a pasta meal rich in @entity3363 , and a meat meal rich in fat. Records were analyzed visually for the reappearance of phase III of the migrating motor complex, and a validated computer program calculated the incidence of contractions during the postprandial period, as well as the amplitude and propagation of contractions. The durations of the postprandial periods were similar after the two protein meals (238 +/- 35 and 227 +/- 25 min), the @entity1735 (220 +/- 23 min) and the fat meal (242 +/- 43 min). The incidence of contractions was not significantly different after the protein meals (1.6 +/- 0.3 and 1.0 +/- 0.2 contractions per min), the @entity1735 meal (1.0 +/- 0.2 contractions per min) and the fat meal (1.5 +/- 0.2 contractions per min). The amplitude of contractions was similar after the protein meals (14 +/- 0.1 and 13 +/- 0.1 mmHg), the @entity1735 meal (14 +/- 0.1 mmHg) and the fat meal (14 +/- 0.1 mmHg). Propagation of contractions was similar after the protein meals (13 +/- 3 and 18 +/- 3 %), after the @entity1735 meal (15 +/- 2 %) and after the fat meal (13 +/- 2 %). Contractile activity within consecutive 30-min periods of the postprandial period was also not different between the meals. I conclude that physiological, isocaloric meals of different chemical composition elicit a similar postprandial motor response in the @entity1 small bowel.

title: Small bowel motor activity in response to physiological meals of different chemical composition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']