abstract: OBJECTIVES: Among exercise calorimetry tests designed for calculating the respective part of @entity3363 and lipids oxidized at exercise, some use 6 min steps and others use 3 min steps. Is this last method, which has been validated in healthy subjects, still accurate in very sedentary @entity1 , who need more time to reach a steady state in respiratory gas exchanges? METHODS: We compared data obtained with calorimetry ( @entity1576 and indicators of substrate oxidation) performed on the 2nd-3rd min and the 5th-6th min of each step of a protocol using four 6-min submaximal steps in 17 sedentary subjects (mean age: 51 years) including seven type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) measured with the 3 min steps procedure are well correlated with the 6 min procedure in sedentary @entity1 (r=0.928). However, a Bland-Altman analysis indicated an average underestimation of @entity1576 with 3 min steps (-0.0138). Moreover, we observed an average underestimation of @entity1735 oxidation rates of 70.1 mg/min with the 3 min steps procedure. On the contrary, as to lipid oxidation, we measured an average overestimation of 16.2 mg/min. Furthermore, @entity1735 and lipid oxidation rates measured with the 3 min steps procedure are well correlated with the 6 min steps procedure. Moreover, there was an average overestimation of the point at cross over with 3 min steps (+3.29 Watts). For lipox max point (power at which the increase in lipid oxidation induced by the increasing workload reaches a maximum), we observed an average underestimation with 3 min steps (-1.88 Watt). Although the differences between respectively mean values in cross over point and lipox max point between the two protocols are weak, a Bland-Altman analysis indicated more relevant discrepancies in many subjects between the two protocols. CONCLUSION: In very sedentary @entity1 undergoing such tests for targeting exercise prescription, the 3-min procedure appears to be too short for performing an accurate calorimetry and we rather recommend the protocol using 6-min steps.

title: Exercise calorimetry in sedentary @entity1 : procedures based on short 3 min steps underestimate XXXX oxidation and overestimate lipid oxidation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics and six obese']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['RER', 'Respiratory exchange ratio']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Among exercise calorimetry tests designed for calculating the respective part of @entity3363 and lipids oxidized at exercise, some use 6 min steps and others use 3 min steps. Is this last method, which has been validated in healthy subjects, still accurate in very sedentary @entity1 , who need more time to reach a steady state in respiratory gas exchanges? METHODS: We compared data obtained with calorimetry ( @entity1576 and indicators of substrate oxidation) performed on the 2nd-3rd min and the 5th-6th min of each step of a protocol using four 6-min submaximal steps in 17 sedentary subjects (mean age: 51 years) including seven type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) measured with the 3 min steps procedure are well correlated with the 6 min procedure in sedentary @entity1 (r=0.928). However, a Bland-Altman analysis indicated an average underestimation of @entity1576 with 3 min steps (-0.0138). Moreover, we observed an average underestimation of @entity1735 oxidation rates of 70.1 mg/min with the 3 min steps procedure. On the contrary, as to lipid oxidation, we measured an average overestimation of 16.2 mg/min. Furthermore, @entity1735 and lipid oxidation rates measured with the 3 min steps procedure are well correlated with the 6 min steps procedure. Moreover, there was an average overestimation of the point at cross over with 3 min steps (+3.29 Watts). For lipox max point (power at which the increase in lipid oxidation induced by the increasing workload reaches a maximum), we observed an average underestimation with 3 min steps (-1.88 Watt). Although the differences between respectively mean values in cross over point and lipox max point between the two protocols are weak, a Bland-Altman analysis indicated more relevant discrepancies in many subjects between the two protocols. CONCLUSION: In very sedentary @entity1 undergoing such tests for targeting exercise prescription, the 3-min procedure appears to be too short for performing an accurate calorimetry and we rather recommend the protocol using 6-min steps.

title: Exercise calorimetry in sedentary XXXX : procedures based on short 3 min steps underestimate @entity1735 oxidation and overestimate lipid oxidation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study is to assess the overall efficacy and safety of photoselective vaporization of the prostate ( @entity12468 ) with GreenLight 120-W laser versus transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for treating @entity1 of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We performed a literature search of The Cochrane Library and the electronic databases, including Embase, Medline, and Web of Science. Manual searches were conducted of the conference proceedings, including European Association of Urology and American Urological Association (2007 to 2012). Outcomes reviewed included clinical baseline characteristics, perioperative data, complications, and postoperative functional results, such as postvoid residual (PVR), international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), and maximum flow rate (Qmax). Six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were enrolled. Three hundred and forty-seven @entity1 undergone 120-W @entity12468 , and 350 @entity1 were treated with TURP in the RCTs. There were no significant differences for clinical characteristics in these trials. In perioperative data, catheterization time and length of hospital stay were shorter in the @entity12468 group. However, the operation time was shorter in the TURP group. Capsular perforation, blood transfusion, clot retention, and macroscopic @entity811 were markedly less likely in @entity12468 -treated subjects. The other complications between @entity12468 and TURP did not demonstrate a statistic difference. There were no significant differences in QoL, PVR, IPSS, and Qmax in the 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24  months of postoperative follow-up. There was no significant difference at postoperation follow-up of functional outcomes including IPSS, PVR, Qmax, and QoL between the TURP-treated subjects and @entity12468 -treated subjects. Owing to a shorter catheterization time, reduced hospital duration and @entity532 , @entity12468 could be used as an alternative and a promising minimal invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of @entity1067 .

title: Photoselective vaporization of the prostate with GreenLight 120-W laser versus transurethral resection of the prostate for XXXX : a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostate hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['less complication']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: @entity6923 is a rare but life threatening complication in immunosuppressed @entity1 undergoing allogeneic SCT. Combination of new antifungal agents may improve outcome in this @entity1 population. Here, triple anti-mycotic therapy is described in an relapsed @entity981 @entity1 in urgent need of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The @entity1 with @entity11511 of thymic differentiation achieved remission after treatment according to the German @entity981 protocol 07/03. Two months after the consolidation therapy relapse occurred requiring high dose chemotherapy with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. One day after start of the conditioning regimen the @entity1 showed skin manifestations typical for @entity3217 and @entity1503 became positive for Candida krusei while on @entity2380 prophylaxis. Because of the limited sensibility of @entity2380 resistant candida species to liposomal @entity2379 and the high mortality rate in @entity1 with @entity6923 , @entity5074 was added immediately to liposomal @entity2379 . Since fever did not resolve and the conditioning therapy for allogeneic transplantation was not yet completed @entity11794 was added. Skin manifestation responded to this triple anti-mycotic combination and peripheral blood stem cells from an unrelated donor were transplanted. With the triple antifungal therapy the @entity1 finally became afebrile, skin manifestations showed complete resolution and @entity1503 became negative. Three months after the onset of @entity6923 the @entity1 was fully active with no signs of @entity364 and in haematological and molecular remission. @entity295 at the start of myeloablative conditioning therapy in heavily pretreated @entity3052 @entity1 is usually considered as not allowing successful allogeneic transplantation. Thus this case demonstrates, that allogeneic stem cell transplantation is feasible in @entity1 presenting with @entity6923 if combined antifungal therapy with liposomal @entity2379 , @entity11794 and @entity5074 is given.

title: Triple antifungal therapy for severe XXXX allowed performance of allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic candidiasis', 'systemic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Mycotic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['septic mycosis']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cultures']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity6923 :: (MESH:C536777,Disease) :: ['systemic candidiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data on the results of reverse (anteverting) periacetabular osteotomy (RPAO) for treatment of @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) secondary to acetabular retroversion. PURPOSE: To evaluate the midterm outcomes of RPAO for @entity1743 secondary to acetabular retroversion in those with and without @entity572 . STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: A retrospective review identified RPAOs performed on @entity1 with acetabular retroversion in isolation or in the setting of @entity1141 (lateral center-edge angle [LCEA]  <=19  ). Acetabular retroversion with @entity1743 was diagnosed clinically and radiographically, with a positive crossover and posterior wall signs on pelvic radiographs. Twenty-three @entity1 (30 hips) met the inclusion criteria; 20 hips with isolated retroversion and 10 hips with retroversion and @entity572 . The average age at the time of the procedure was 26 years (range, 13-45 years). The average length of follow-up was 5 years (range, 2-19 years). @entity572 ( @entity572 ) and radiographs were evaluated preoperatively and at last follow-up. RESULTS: The mean preoperative LCEA was 31   (range, 22  -49  ) in the isolated retroversion group and 9   (range, -4   to 17  ) in the @entity6349 group. Postoperatively, the LCEA in the @entity6349 group increased to 35   (range, 15  -46  ) (P = .0001). The crossover sign corrected in 55% (11/20) of the isolated retroversion group and 80% (8/10) of the @entity6349 group. The acetabular index (mean    SD) improved from 1.3    0.3 to 1.7    0.6 (P = .0001), indicating improved anteversion. At the latest follow-up, the average @entity572 in the isolated retroversion group increased from 58 preoperatively (range, 23-77) to 93 (range, 68-100) (P = .0001); the @entity572 in the @entity6349 group improved from 49 (range, 20-74) to 92 (range, 77-100) (P < .0001). Complication rates were similar in both groups. Excluding hardware removal, additional surgeries were performed in 13% (4/30). CONCLUSION: RPAO performed for @entity1743 in the young @entity1 with isolated acetabular retroversion or retroversion in the setting of @entity1141 successfully improved clinical and radiographic results at mid- to long-term follow-up.

title: Midterm Outcomes of Reverse (Anteverting) Periacetabular Osteotomy in XXXX With Hip Impingement Secondary to Acetabular Retroversion.

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoroacetabular impingement', 'FAI']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Harris Hip Score', 'HHS', 'hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity32 has been proposed as a major component of @entity179 , although the precise role it plays has yet to be defined. We examined the role of key contributors to this inflammatory process, microglia, the major resident immune cell population of the brain, in a @entity179 . Initially, we performed an extensive reanalysis of a large study of @entity1579 , where the transcriptome of @entity19 brains had been monitored throughout the time course of disease. Our analysis has provided a detailed classification of the disease-associated genes based on cell type of origin and gene function. This revealed that the genes upregulated during disease, regardless of the strain of @entity19 or @entity27465 , are expressed predominantly by activated microglia. In order to study the microglia contribution more specifically, we established a @entity19 model of @entity1579 in which the 79A @entity19 prion strain was introduced by an intraperitoneal route into BALB/cJ(Fms-EGFP/-) @entity19 , which express enhanced green fluorescent protein under the control of the @entity17224 operon. Samples were taken at time points during disease progression, and histological analysis of the brain and transcriptional analysis of isolated microglia was carried out. The analysis of isolated microglia revealed a disease-specific, highly proinflammatory signature in addition to an upregulation of genes associated with metabolism and respiratory stress. This study strongly supports the growing recognition of the importance of microglia within the @entity1579 process and identifies the nature of the response through gene expression analysis of isolated microglia. IMPORTANCE: @entity32 has been proposed as a major component of @entity179 . We have examined the role of key contributors to this inflammatory process, microglia, the major resident immune cell population of the brain, in a @entity19 @entity179 . Our study demonstrates that genes upregulated throughout the disease process are expressed predominantly by microglia. A disease-specific, highly proinflammatory signature was observed in addition to an upregulation of genes associated with metabolism and respiratory stress. This study strongly supports the growing recognition of the important contribution of microglia to a chronic @entity179 process.

title: Defining the Microglia Response during the Time Course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion disease']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['prion disease model of chronic neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disease', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Chronic Neurodegeneration']


abstract: We recently documented that @entity451 ( @entity1619 (5) spinal cord transection) alters cardiac electrophysiology and increases the susceptibility to @entity1165 induced by programmed electrical stimulation. However, @entity1563 is the leading cause of @entity204 in industrially developed countries and will be the major cause of @entity204 in the world by the year 2020. The majority of these deaths result from @entity591 that culminate in @entity2224 . beta-Adrenergic receptor antagonists have been shown to reduce the incidence of @entity1164 . Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that chronic @entity1619 (5) spinal cord transection increases the susceptibility to clinically relevant @entity63 -reperfusion-induced sustained @entity1165 due to enhanced sympathetic activity. Intact and chronic (4 wk after transection) @entity1619 (5) spinal cord-transected ( @entity1619 (5)X) male @entity35 were instrumented to record arterial pressure, body temperature, and ECG. In addition, a snare was placed around the left main coronary artery. The susceptibility to sustained @entity1165 produced by 2.5 min of occlusion and reperfusion of the left main coronary artery was determined in conscious @entity35 by pulling on the snare. Reperfusion culminated in sustained @entity1165 in 100% of @entity1619 (5)X @entity35 (susceptible @entity1619 (5)X, 10 of 10) and 0% of intact @entity35 [susceptible intact, 0 of 10 (P < 0.05, @entity1619 (5)X vs. intact)]. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade prevented reperfusion-induced sustained @entity1165 in @entity1619 (5)X @entity35 [susceptible @entity1619 (5)X 0 of 8, 0% (P < 0.05)]. Thus @entity451 increases the susceptibility to reperfusion-induced sustained @entity1165 due to enhanced sympathetic activity.

title: T5 spinal cord transection increases susceptibility to reperfusion-induced XXXX by enhancing sympathetic activity in conscious @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: We recently documented that @entity451 ( @entity1619 (5) spinal cord transection) alters cardiac electrophysiology and increases the susceptibility to @entity1165 induced by programmed electrical stimulation. However, @entity1563 is the leading cause of @entity204 in industrially developed countries and will be the major cause of @entity204 in the world by the year 2020. The majority of these deaths result from @entity591 that culminate in @entity2224 . beta-Adrenergic receptor antagonists have been shown to reduce the incidence of @entity1164 . Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that chronic @entity1619 (5) spinal cord transection increases the susceptibility to clinically relevant @entity63 -reperfusion-induced sustained @entity1165 due to enhanced sympathetic activity. Intact and chronic (4 wk after transection) @entity1619 (5) spinal cord-transected ( @entity1619 (5)X) male @entity35 were instrumented to record arterial pressure, body temperature, and ECG. In addition, a snare was placed around the left main coronary artery. The susceptibility to sustained @entity1165 produced by 2.5 min of occlusion and reperfusion of the left main coronary artery was determined in conscious @entity35 by pulling on the snare. Reperfusion culminated in sustained @entity1165 in 100% of @entity1619 (5)X @entity35 (susceptible @entity1619 (5)X, 10 of 10) and 0% of intact @entity35 [susceptible intact, 0 of 10 (P < 0.05, @entity1619 (5)X vs. intact)]. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade prevented reperfusion-induced sustained @entity1165 in @entity1619 (5)X @entity35 [susceptible @entity1619 (5)X 0 of 8, 0% (P < 0.05)]. Thus @entity451 increases the susceptibility to reperfusion-induced sustained @entity1165 due to enhanced sympathetic activity.

title: T5 spinal cord transection increases susceptibility to reperfusion-induced @entity1165 by enhancing sympathetic activity in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe for family physicians screening, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity4697 with or without @entity8396 ( @entity1726 /A). QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Articles were identified through PsycLIT, PsyINFO, and MEDLINE (1985 to 2006) using the terms @entity4697 , psychotherapy, psychosocial treatment, treatment, and pharmacotherapy. Recommendations on treatment choices and guidelines are based on data from high-quality studies only. Information about assessment and diagnosis of @entity1726 /A is supported by the most recent epidemiologic studies, as well as expert consensus and opinion. MAIN MESSAGE: @entity4697 with or without @entity8396 is a @entity146 frequently encountered in primary care. It appears to be underdiagnosed and undertreated in this medical setting. Early successful screening requires a focus on unexplained symptoms and specific questions aimed at identifying @entity4697 attacks and their meaning for @entity1 . The treatment of choice for @entity1726 /A is cognitive-behavioral therapy administered by a specialized psychologist or psychiatrist. When such therapy is hard to come by or unavailable, family physicians can prescribe drug therapy. CONCLUSION: Family physicians can contribute greatly to early detection and treatment of @entity1726 /A.

title: [Early detection and treatment of @entity4697 with or without XXXX : update].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['Panic disorder', 'panic', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disease']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

answer: @entity8396 :: (MESH:D000379,Disease) :: ['agoraphobia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe for family physicians screening, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity4697 with or without @entity8396 ( @entity1726 /A). QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Articles were identified through PsycLIT, PsyINFO, and MEDLINE (1985 to 2006) using the terms @entity4697 , psychotherapy, psychosocial treatment, treatment, and pharmacotherapy. Recommendations on treatment choices and guidelines are based on data from high-quality studies only. Information about assessment and diagnosis of @entity1726 /A is supported by the most recent epidemiologic studies, as well as expert consensus and opinion. MAIN MESSAGE: @entity4697 with or without @entity8396 is a @entity146 frequently encountered in primary care. It appears to be underdiagnosed and undertreated in this medical setting. Early successful screening requires a focus on unexplained symptoms and specific questions aimed at identifying @entity4697 attacks and their meaning for @entity1 . The treatment of choice for @entity1726 /A is cognitive-behavioral therapy administered by a specialized psychologist or psychiatrist. When such therapy is hard to come by or unavailable, family physicians can prescribe drug therapy. CONCLUSION: Family physicians can contribute greatly to early detection and treatment of @entity1726 /A.

title: [Early detection and treatment of XXXX with or without @entity8396 : update].

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['panic disorder']


abstract: @entity1619 cells (Treg) play a crucial role in maintaining control of leucocytes. Several studies have shown that in vivo Treg depletion results in @entity792 like @entity1374 , @entity3621 , @entity6 and @entity1960 , but at the same time, may also result in improved anti- @entity5 vaccination. Although Treg are recognised to maintain peripheral tolerance in healthy individuals, recent research has shown that Treg also suppress immune responses during infections to prevent @entity3145 . How the Treg themselves are regulated is still under investigation. Their suppressive activity must be regulated in order to allow for the effective elimination of pathogens. Until recently, this control of Treg function was found to be through modulation via cytokines or by stimulation via co-stimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells. It is now demonstrated, however, that the presence of pathogens can be communicated to Treg directly through toll-like receptors (TLRs). Up until now, Treg have been reported to respond to ligands for TLR2, 4, 5 and 8, and different TLRs can have alternative effects on Treg resulting in more suppression or, in contrast, abrogation of suppression. As TLRs can also recognise endogenous proteins, such as @entity1457 proteins, it is tempting to speculate on the role of these proteins in modulating Treg function during chronic @entity32 . In this review, we will discuss the implications of TLR engagement on Treg and any consequences this may have for chronic @entity8649 like @entity309 ( @entity309 ).

title: XXXX cells and toll-like receptors: regulating the regulators.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Regulatory T']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity8649 :: ('MESH:D056660', 'Disease') :: ['autoinflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune syndromes']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroiditis']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['Regulatory T']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) induces subepithelial @entity82 associated with angiogenesis in @entity1 with @entity565 . @entity556 is recognized as a new candidate mediating airway remodeling. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the role of up-regulated @entity556 activity induced by @entity7 on airway remodeling in @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: Levels of biochemical parameters in induced sputum were examined in 21 @entity748 @entity1 and 11 normal control subjects. RESULTS: @entity556 activity in induced sputum was significantly higher in @entity748 @entity1 than in normal control subjects: median, 3.67 U/mL; range, 1.15 to 10.2 U/mL; vs median, 1.26 U/mL; range, 0.93 to 2.42 U/mL (p < 0.0001). In contrast, protein C activity in induced sputum was lower in @entity748 @entity1 than in normal control subjects: median, 20%; range, 5 to 30%; vs 41%; range, 30 to 59% (p < 0.0001). @entity7 level in induced sputum was positively correlated with @entity556 activity in @entity748 @entity1 (r = 0.55, p = 0.02), while inversely correlated with protein C activity (r = - 0.57, p = 0.01). Levels of @entity540 ( @entity540 ), a major profibrotic factor, were also significantly higher in @entity748 @entity1 than in normal control subjects. Moreover, @entity556 activity was significantly correlated with @entity540 level in @entity748 @entity1 (r = 0.67, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Increase in @entity7 level leads to up-regulation of @entity556 activity in @entity748 airways, and this elevated @entity556 activity induces elevation of @entity540 level. It will become to be a new strategy of @entity565 therapy to attenuate @entity556 activity for the regulation of airway remodeling.

title: Up-regulation of @entity556 activity induced by XXXX in @entity748 airways.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) induces subepithelial @entity82 associated with angiogenesis in @entity1 with @entity565 . @entity556 is recognized as a new candidate mediating airway remodeling. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the role of up-regulated @entity556 activity induced by @entity7 on airway remodeling in @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: Levels of biochemical parameters in induced sputum were examined in 21 @entity748 @entity1 and 11 normal control subjects. RESULTS: @entity556 activity in induced sputum was significantly higher in @entity748 @entity1 than in normal control subjects: median, 3.67 U/mL; range, 1.15 to 10.2 U/mL; vs median, 1.26 U/mL; range, 0.93 to 2.42 U/mL (p < 0.0001). In contrast, protein C activity in induced sputum was lower in @entity748 @entity1 than in normal control subjects: median, 20%; range, 5 to 30%; vs 41%; range, 30 to 59% (p < 0.0001). @entity7 level in induced sputum was positively correlated with @entity556 activity in @entity748 @entity1 (r = 0.55, p = 0.02), while inversely correlated with protein C activity (r = - 0.57, p = 0.01). Levels of @entity540 ( @entity540 ), a major profibrotic factor, were also significantly higher in @entity748 @entity1 than in normal control subjects. Moreover, @entity556 activity was significantly correlated with @entity540 level in @entity748 @entity1 (r = 0.67, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Increase in @entity7 level leads to up-regulation of @entity556 activity in @entity748 airways, and this elevated @entity556 activity induces elevation of @entity540 level. It will become to be a new strategy of @entity565 therapy to attenuate @entity556 activity for the regulation of airway remodeling.

title: Up-regulation of @entity556 activity induced by @entity7 in XXXX airways.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) induces subepithelial @entity82 associated with angiogenesis in @entity1 with @entity565 . @entity556 is recognized as a new candidate mediating airway remodeling. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the role of up-regulated @entity556 activity induced by @entity7 on airway remodeling in @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: Levels of biochemical parameters in induced sputum were examined in 21 @entity748 @entity1 and 11 normal control subjects. RESULTS: @entity556 activity in induced sputum was significantly higher in @entity748 @entity1 than in normal control subjects: median, 3.67 U/mL; range, 1.15 to 10.2 U/mL; vs median, 1.26 U/mL; range, 0.93 to 2.42 U/mL (p < 0.0001). In contrast, protein C activity in induced sputum was lower in @entity748 @entity1 than in normal control subjects: median, 20%; range, 5 to 30%; vs 41%; range, 30 to 59% (p < 0.0001). @entity7 level in induced sputum was positively correlated with @entity556 activity in @entity748 @entity1 (r = 0.55, p = 0.02), while inversely correlated with protein C activity (r = - 0.57, p = 0.01). Levels of @entity540 ( @entity540 ), a major profibrotic factor, were also significantly higher in @entity748 @entity1 than in normal control subjects. Moreover, @entity556 activity was significantly correlated with @entity540 level in @entity748 @entity1 (r = 0.67, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Increase in @entity7 level leads to up-regulation of @entity556 activity in @entity748 airways, and this elevated @entity556 activity induces elevation of @entity540 level. It will become to be a new strategy of @entity565 therapy to attenuate @entity556 activity for the regulation of airway remodeling.

title: Up-regulation of XXXX activity induced by @entity7 in @entity748 airways.

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid blockade for cesarean section still poses a threat of profound @entity551 and can result in unstable maternal and fetal hemodynamics. The correlation of fetal breech and vertex presentation with the occurrence of @entity551 under spinal anesthesia is reviewed in this retrospective, double-blind study. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was conducted on pregnant females scheduled for a lower segment cesarean section between January 2014 and December 2014. After applying inclusion criteria, 568 @entity1 were recruited in the study out of which 363 had vertex and 184 @entity1 had breech presentation. They were divided into two groups, Group I and Group II. The monitoring and therapeutic data (blood pressure, heart rate, arterial @entity26 saturation, and dose of vasopressor/ @entity3897 ) recovered from automated data analysis were analyzed retrospectively for prevalence of @entity551 , @entity1168 , and @entity551 with @entity1168 and @entity390    @entity391 . RESULTS: Among Group I, prevalence of @entity551 , @entity1168 , and @entity551 together with @entity1168 was 152 (41.83%) @entity1 , eight (2.20%) @entity1 , and seven (1.92%) @entity1 , respectively. In Group II, the prevalence of @entity551 , @entity1168 , and @entity551 with @entity1168 was 93 (50.5%) @entity1 , five (2.71%) @entity1 , and six (3.2%) @entity1 , respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant for @entity551 . For Group I, 152 @entity1 (41.87%) experienced one, 23 @entity1 (6.33%) experienced two, and three @entity1 (0.82%) experienced three episodes of @entity551 . In Group II, 93 (50.5%), 19 (7.89%), and two (1.08%) @entity1 experienced such episodes. The difference was significant with respect of one and two episodes. The prevalence of intraoperative @entity390 was 11.01% (40 @entity1 ) in Group I, whereas 11.41% (21 @entity1 ) in Group II. Intraoperative @entity391 occurred in 19 @entity1 (5.23%) of Group I and 14 @entity1 (7.60%) of Group II. The height of the block was comparable in both the groups for T6, and the difference was significant in respect to T4 level. CONCLUSION: Incidence of @entity551 is more in pregnant females with @entity11962 .

title: A retrospective study to correlate breech presentation and enhanced risk of XXXX during cesarean delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity11962 :: ('MESH:D001946', 'Disease') :: ['breech fetal presentation']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['postspinal hypotension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the difference in use of hospital resources in the Finnish @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening programme between those invited and controls, within the year of randomisation and the next year. DESIGN: @entity14 screening was implemented in Finland in 2004 as a population-based randomised design using biennial faecal occult blood test (FOBT) for @entity1 and @entity1 aged 60-69   years. Those randomised to screening and control groups during years 2004-2009 were included in this analysis and use of hospital resources was estimated. Data were collected from the national register on hospital discharges. Outpatient visits, inpatient episodes and colonoscopies were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The screening group comprised of 123   149 and control group of 122   930 @entity1 . Most @entity1 in both groups had not used hospital resources at all. More @entity1 in the screening group than in the control group had at least one hospital-based outpatient visit (7.8% vs 7.4%), inpatient episode (3.9% vs 3.8%) and colonoscopy (1.5% vs 1.3%). In total, the screening group had 31   975 and control group 27   061 cumulative outpatient visits, 9260 and 7903 inpatient episodes, and 2686 and 1756 hospital colonoscopies, respectively. The proportion of those with a positive FOBT result with at least one outpatient visit, one inpatient episode or one colonoscopy, was 3.7 times, 2.5 times or 9 times that of those with a negative FOBT result, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14 screening using the FOBT slightly increased the volume of hospital outpatient visits, inpatient episodes and hospital colonoscopies in Finland.

title: Use of hospital resources in the Finnish XXXX screening programme: a randomised health services study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In placebo-controlled clinical trials, @entity4480 has been shown to be effective and well-tolerated in @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ). However, @entity1 in registration trials may not be representative of @entity1 in clinical practice. This study sought to assess the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of @entity4480 in diverse populations of outpatients with @entity308 . METHOD: This open-label study recruited out- @entity1 >=  18 years of age with DSM-IV @entity308 in primary care or @entity146 practice settings and treated them with @entity4480 60 mg q.d. for 7 weeks. Primary outcome measures were (1) the physicianrated Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale, (2) the @entity1 -rated 28-item Somatic Symptom Inventory (SSI-28) average, and (3) the @entity1 -rated 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report. Quality of life, disability, and vital signs also were assessed. The first @entity1 visit was August 16, 2004. The last @entity1 visit was January 7, 2005. RESULTS: Of 3543 outpatients enrolled, 3431 received at least 1 dose of @entity4480 , of whom 71.4% completed the study. Most @entity1 were Caucasian (90.8%) and female (75.4%); mean age was 48 years. @entity4480 significantly (p < .001) improved all efficacy measures in all treated @entity1 as well as in subgroups based on gender, ethnic origin, age, and @entity1 care setting. Except for the SSI-28 average, all the efficacy measures were in favor of female gender and primary care subgroups. Overall, 10.8% of @entity1 discontinued due to adverse events. CONCLUSION: @entity4480 60 mg q.d. was effective, regardless of gender, ethnic origin, age, and @entity1 care settings, in this 7-week open-label study and was well-tolerated in a diverse population of outpatients with @entity308 . CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00479726.

title: @entity4480 in practice-based clinical settings: assessing effects on the emotional and physical symptoms of XXXX in an open-label, multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine', 'Duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In placebo-controlled clinical trials, @entity4480 has been shown to be effective and well-tolerated in @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ). However, @entity1 in registration trials may not be representative of @entity1 in clinical practice. This study sought to assess the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of @entity4480 in diverse populations of outpatients with @entity308 . METHOD: This open-label study recruited out- @entity1 >=  18 years of age with DSM-IV @entity308 in primary care or @entity146 practice settings and treated them with @entity4480 60 mg q.d. for 7 weeks. Primary outcome measures were (1) the physicianrated Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale, (2) the @entity1 -rated 28-item Somatic Symptom Inventory (SSI-28) average, and (3) the @entity1 -rated 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report. Quality of life, disability, and vital signs also were assessed. The first @entity1 visit was August 16, 2004. The last @entity1 visit was January 7, 2005. RESULTS: Of 3543 outpatients enrolled, 3431 received at least 1 dose of @entity4480 , of whom 71.4% completed the study. Most @entity1 were Caucasian (90.8%) and female (75.4%); mean age was 48 years. @entity4480 significantly (p < .001) improved all efficacy measures in all treated @entity1 as well as in subgroups based on gender, ethnic origin, age, and @entity1 care setting. Except for the SSI-28 average, all the efficacy measures were in favor of female gender and primary care subgroups. Overall, 10.8% of @entity1 discontinued due to adverse events. CONCLUSION: @entity4480 60 mg q.d. was effective, regardless of gender, ethnic origin, age, and @entity1 care settings, in this 7-week open-label study and was well-tolerated in a diverse population of outpatients with @entity308 . CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00479726.

title: XXXX in practice-based clinical settings: assessing effects on the emotional and physical symptoms of @entity308 in an open-label, multicenter study.

answer: @entity4480 :: (MESH:C058218,Chemical) :: ['Duloxetine']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PURPOSE: To assess the effect of non-kyphotic aligned congenital C3-4 @entity8213 on the adjacent segment in 10 @entity1 . OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: In the cervical spine, fusion disease at the adjacent motion segments may be a risk factor for potential neurological compromise and @entity204 . METHODS: Radiograms of 10 @entity1 13 to 69 years of age presenting with neck/shoulder discomfort or @entity158 with or without @entity130 history were examined. C3-4 @entity8213 was found incidentally in all @entity1 on routine examination radiographs of cervical spine. RESULTS: @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) was not found in the three @entity1 younger than 39 years of age. Five of the 10 (50%) @entity1 , including a 67-year-old @entity1 , did not develop @entity4720 in any of the cervical mobile segments. Spondylosis was observed only in the caudal 1-2 mobile segments in the remaining five @entity1 . The youngest was a 40-year-old male who had @entity4720 in the two caudal mobile segments (C4-5 and @entity9509 ). Spondylosis was limited to the two close caudal mobile segments and was not in the cranial segments. Flaring of the lower part of synostotic vertebra associated with advanced narrowed degenerate disc was evident in five @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Mobile segment @entity4720 in the individuals with congenital monosegment C3-4 @entity8213 over age of 40 years may be a natural manifestation of aging and is not solely an adjacent segment disease directly and fully related with congenital C3-4 @entity8213 .

title: Radiological Assessment of the Effect of Congenital C3-4 XXXX on Adjacent Segments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Adjacent segment disease']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['spondylosis']

answer: @entity8213 :: (MESH:D013580,Disease) :: ['Synostosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The study was conducted on @entity1 who received autologous conditioned serum (ACS) as a line of treatment at the Orthopedics outpatient department of Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER, Chandigarh) from January 2011 to June 2012. Of the 1,224 @entity1 , 20 males or females were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The institutional board of PGIMER approved the study before it was initiated. PURPOSE: To study the efficacy of ACS in the treatment of @entity614 . OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: @entity1192 appears to be of special importance among the cytokines identified in orthopedic diseases. ACS contains high concentrations of @entity1193 , antagonist to IL-1 in that is a biochemical 'sensitizer' of nerve roots in @entity614 . METHODS: We included 20 @entity1 with @entity614 after obtaining informed consent. We prepared ACS as described by Meijer et al. Under bi-planar fluoroscopic imaging in anterior-posterior and lateral views, ACS was administered via epidural perineural technique. @entity1 in both groups were evaluated by quadruple visual analogue scale, straight leg raising test, revised @entity717 index, and 12-Item Short Form of Health Survey before and after epidural injections at 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant change in all parameters from pre-injection to first, second, and third follow-up (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ACS can modify the disease course in addition to reducing @entity158 , disability and improving general health.

title: Autologous Conditioned Serum as a Novel Alternative Option in the Treatment of XXXX : A Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral lumbar radiculopathy', 'radiculopathy']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['Unilateral Lumbar Radiculopathy']


abstract: @entity33790 ( @entity33790 ) is a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disease, characterized by widespread arterial involvement with elongation, tortuosity, and @entity439 of the large and middle-sized arteries. Recently, @entity40237 mutations were identified in this condition. This gene encodes the @entity413 transporter @entity40237 and was previously suggested as a candidate gene for @entity6 . A total of 12 newly identified @entity33790 families with 16 affected individuals were clinically and molecularly characterized. In addition, extensive cardiovascular imaging and @entity413 tolerance tests were performed in both @entity1 and heterozygous carriers. All 16 @entity1 harbor biallelic @entity40237 mutations of which nine are novel (six missense, three truncating mutations, including a large deletion). Haplotype analysis suggests founder effects for all five recurrent mutations. Remarkably, @entity1 were significantly older than those previously reported in the literature (P=0.04). Only one affected relative died, most likely of an unrelated cause. Although the natural history of @entity33790 in this series was less severe than previously reported, it does indicate a risk for @entity63 events. Two @entity1 initially presented with @entity64 , respectively at age 8 months and 23 years. Tortuosity of the aorta or large arteries was invariably present. Two adult probands (aged 23 and 35 years) had @entity384 , seven @entity1 had localized arterial stenoses, and five had long stenotic stretches of the aorta. Heterozygous carriers did not show any @entity455 . @entity413 metabolism was normal in six @entity1 and eight heterozygous individuals of five families. As such, overt @entity6 is not related to @entity40237 mutations associated with @entity33790 .

title: XXXX : clinical and molecular findings in 12 newly identified families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus type 2']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root dilation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity33790 :: ('MESH:C565942', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial tortuosity syndrome', 'ATS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity33790 :: (MESH:C565942,Disease) :: ['Arterial tortuosity syndrome']


abstract: An apparently new syndrome of @entity231 , @entity1274 , @entity70801 , @entity851 , and @entity1032 was described by Gripp et al. 1996. The authors reported on two unrelated @entity1 with @entity231 , @entity1274 , distinctive facial appearance, @entity1032 , postnatal @entity851 , and skeletal changes. We report on two additional @entity1 with findings most similar to the reported @entity1 by Gripp et al. 1996, including bilateral @entity231 , @entity393 , @entity2122 , @entity851 , @entity853 , and @entity245 . Both of the @entity1 reported herein had chromosome microarray analysis, which showed normal results in @entity1 2 but abnormal results in @entity1 1 and his mother who both had a chromosome 11q25 subtelomere deletion. @entity1 1 and his mother's findings are atypical for the common findings reported in @entity19634 (11q terminal deletion syndrome), and consistent with the @entity1 reported by Gripp et al. 1996. The etiology for these cases has been unknown. The microarray results on @entity1 1 suggest that the other @entity1 with findings of @entity245 , @entity851 , @entity231 , @entity1274 , and similar craniofacial features may have either a microdeletion of chromosome 11q terminal region or haploinsufficiency of a gene localized to this region.

title: Syndrome of @entity231 , @entity1274 , @entity70801 , @entity851 , and XXXX : two additional cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cataracts']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity70801 :: ('MESH:C563390', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome-like facial appearance']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'sensorineural deafness']

entities_list: @entity19634 :: ('MESH:D054868', 'Disease') :: ['Jacobsen syndrome']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental retardation']


abstract: An apparently new syndrome of @entity231 , @entity1274 , @entity70801 , @entity851 , and @entity1032 was described by Gripp et al. 1996. The authors reported on two unrelated @entity1 with @entity231 , @entity1274 , distinctive facial appearance, @entity1032 , postnatal @entity851 , and skeletal changes. We report on two additional @entity1 with findings most similar to the reported @entity1 by Gripp et al. 1996, including bilateral @entity231 , @entity393 , @entity2122 , @entity851 , @entity853 , and @entity245 . Both of the @entity1 reported herein had chromosome microarray analysis, which showed normal results in @entity1 2 but abnormal results in @entity1 1 and his mother who both had a chromosome 11q25 subtelomere deletion. @entity1 1 and his mother's findings are atypical for the common findings reported in @entity19634 (11q terminal deletion syndrome), and consistent with the @entity1 reported by Gripp et al. 1996. The etiology for these cases has been unknown. The microarray results on @entity1 1 suggest that the other @entity1 with findings of @entity245 , @entity851 , @entity231 , @entity1274 , and similar craniofacial features may have either a microdeletion of chromosome 11q terminal region or haploinsufficiency of a gene localized to this region.

title: Syndrome of @entity231 , @entity1274 , @entity70801 , XXXX , and @entity1032 : two additional cases.

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['short stature']


abstract: An apparently new syndrome of @entity231 , @entity1274 , @entity70801 , @entity851 , and @entity1032 was described by Gripp et al. 1996. The authors reported on two unrelated @entity1 with @entity231 , @entity1274 , distinctive facial appearance, @entity1032 , postnatal @entity851 , and skeletal changes. We report on two additional @entity1 with findings most similar to the reported @entity1 by Gripp et al. 1996, including bilateral @entity231 , @entity393 , @entity2122 , @entity851 , @entity853 , and @entity245 . Both of the @entity1 reported herein had chromosome microarray analysis, which showed normal results in @entity1 2 but abnormal results in @entity1 1 and his mother who both had a chromosome 11q25 subtelomere deletion. @entity1 1 and his mother's findings are atypical for the common findings reported in @entity19634 (11q terminal deletion syndrome), and consistent with the @entity1 reported by Gripp et al. 1996. The etiology for these cases has been unknown. The microarray results on @entity1 1 suggest that the other @entity1 with findings of @entity245 , @entity851 , @entity231 , @entity1274 , and similar craniofacial features may have either a microdeletion of chromosome 11q terminal region or haploinsufficiency of a gene localized to this region.

title: Syndrome of XXXX , @entity1274 , @entity70801 , @entity851 , and @entity1032 : two additional cases.

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['congenital cataracts']


abstract: An apparently new syndrome of @entity231 , @entity1274 , @entity70801 , @entity851 , and @entity1032 was described by Gripp et al. 1996. The authors reported on two unrelated @entity1 with @entity231 , @entity1274 , distinctive facial appearance, @entity1032 , postnatal @entity851 , and skeletal changes. We report on two additional @entity1 with findings most similar to the reported @entity1 by Gripp et al. 1996, including bilateral @entity231 , @entity393 , @entity2122 , @entity851 , @entity853 , and @entity245 . Both of the @entity1 reported herein had chromosome microarray analysis, which showed normal results in @entity1 2 but abnormal results in @entity1 1 and his mother who both had a chromosome 11q25 subtelomere deletion. @entity1 1 and his mother's findings are atypical for the common findings reported in @entity19634 (11q terminal deletion syndrome), and consistent with the @entity1 reported by Gripp et al. 1996. The etiology for these cases has been unknown. The microarray results on @entity1 1 suggest that the other @entity1 with findings of @entity245 , @entity851 , @entity231 , @entity1274 , and similar craniofacial features may have either a microdeletion of chromosome 11q terminal region or haploinsufficiency of a gene localized to this region.

title: Syndrome of @entity231 , @entity1274 , XXXX , @entity851 , and @entity1032 : two additional cases.

answer: @entity70801 :: (MESH:C563390,Disease) :: ['Down syndrome-like facial appearance']


abstract: An apparently new syndrome of @entity231 , @entity1274 , @entity70801 , @entity851 , and @entity1032 was described by Gripp et al. 1996. The authors reported on two unrelated @entity1 with @entity231 , @entity1274 , distinctive facial appearance, @entity1032 , postnatal @entity851 , and skeletal changes. We report on two additional @entity1 with findings most similar to the reported @entity1 by Gripp et al. 1996, including bilateral @entity231 , @entity393 , @entity2122 , @entity851 , @entity853 , and @entity245 . Both of the @entity1 reported herein had chromosome microarray analysis, which showed normal results in @entity1 2 but abnormal results in @entity1 1 and his mother who both had a chromosome 11q25 subtelomere deletion. @entity1 1 and his mother's findings are atypical for the common findings reported in @entity19634 (11q terminal deletion syndrome), and consistent with the @entity1 reported by Gripp et al. 1996. The etiology for these cases has been unknown. The microarray results on @entity1 1 suggest that the other @entity1 with findings of @entity245 , @entity851 , @entity231 , @entity1274 , and similar craniofacial features may have either a microdeletion of chromosome 11q terminal region or haploinsufficiency of a gene localized to this region.

title: Syndrome of @entity231 , XXXX , @entity70801 , @entity851 , and @entity1032 : two additional cases.

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural deafness']


abstract: Bolus infusion (BI) recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) administration is safe and effective in the surgical management of @entity447 @entity1 with inhibitors but has not been compared directly with continuous infusion (CI). We conducted an open-label, randomized, multicenter trial comparing the efficacy and safety of rFVIIa administered by BI or CI for the surgical management of @entity447 or B @entity1 with inhibitors to @entity2801 or @entity4682 . Safety was compared with that of a control group of non-inhibitor @entity1 receiving @entity2801 or @entity4682 concentrates for major surgery. All inhibitor subjects received an initial bolus dose of 90 microg/kg rFVIIa and were then randomly assigned to BI (n = 12) or CI (n = 12). The BI group received 90 microg/kg rFVIIa every two hours (h) during surgery through day 5, then every four hours for days 6-10. The CI group received 50 microg/kg/h rFVIIa through day 5, then 25 mg/kg/h for days 6-10. The control group (n = 12) received @entity2801 or @entity4682 per institutional protocols. Twenty-two major surgeries included orthopedic procedures on the knee (n = 13), hip (n = 3), and abdominal/pelvis procedures (n = 4). One @entity1 with an autoimmune @entity2801 inhibitor randomized to the BI arm was excluded from efficacy analysis. Haemostatic efficacy of rFVIIa in each group was comparable: effective in 8/11 and 9/12 subjects in the BI and CI arms, respectively, and ineffective in three subjects in each arm. Serious adverse events were related to continued or increased @entity548 . In conclusion, haemostatic efficacy and safety of BI and CI of rFVIIa are comparable for the surgical management of @entity447 subjects with inhibitors.

title: Haemostatic efficacy and safety of bolus and continuous infusion of recombinant factor VIIa are comparable in XXXX @entity1 with inhibitors undergoing major surgery. Results from an open-label, randomized, multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia', 'haemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: Bolus infusion (BI) recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) administration is safe and effective in the surgical management of @entity447 @entity1 with inhibitors but has not been compared directly with continuous infusion (CI). We conducted an open-label, randomized, multicenter trial comparing the efficacy and safety of rFVIIa administered by BI or CI for the surgical management of @entity447 or B @entity1 with inhibitors to @entity2801 or @entity4682 . Safety was compared with that of a control group of non-inhibitor @entity1 receiving @entity2801 or @entity4682 concentrates for major surgery. All inhibitor subjects received an initial bolus dose of 90 microg/kg rFVIIa and were then randomly assigned to BI (n = 12) or CI (n = 12). The BI group received 90 microg/kg rFVIIa every two hours (h) during surgery through day 5, then every four hours for days 6-10. The CI group received 50 microg/kg/h rFVIIa through day 5, then 25 mg/kg/h for days 6-10. The control group (n = 12) received @entity2801 or @entity4682 per institutional protocols. Twenty-two major surgeries included orthopedic procedures on the knee (n = 13), hip (n = 3), and abdominal/pelvis procedures (n = 4). One @entity1 with an autoimmune @entity2801 inhibitor randomized to the BI arm was excluded from efficacy analysis. Haemostatic efficacy of rFVIIa in each group was comparable: effective in 8/11 and 9/12 subjects in the BI and CI arms, respectively, and ineffective in three subjects in each arm. Serious adverse events were related to continued or increased @entity548 . In conclusion, haemostatic efficacy and safety of BI and CI of rFVIIa are comparable for the surgical management of @entity447 subjects with inhibitors.

title: Haemostatic efficacy and safety of bolus and continuous infusion of recombinant factor VIIa are comparable in @entity447 XXXX with inhibitors undergoing major surgery. Results from an open-label, randomized, multicenter trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Approximately 9 to 15% @entity145 occur in the sellar or suprasellar region. The optimal management of symptomatic @entity1804 continues to pose a challenge to neurosurgeons. This case report describes a @entity1 with a suprasellar @entity145 who presented at the age of 3 and was followed for 20 years after cystoventriculostomy. A @entity1 was referred to neurosurgery department by a pediatric clinic because computed tomography demonstrated a suprasellar @entity5409 . The neurological examination and all routine blood tests including hormone profiles were normal. The physical examination was unremarkable except premature thelarche. Stereotactic ventriculocystostomy was performed using a catheter providing permanent internal drainage. Postoperative cystoventriculography showed contrast medium in both the cyst and the ventricles. Control computed tomography confirmed that the ventricular cyst catheter was within the cyst. During a follow-up of 20 years, signs of @entity6082 disappeared and the @entity1 showed normal sexual development. Endocrine profiles and visual function remained normal. The stereotactic approach to suprasellar @entity145 is a safe procedure in experienced hands.

title: Suprasellar XXXX : a 20- year follow-up after stereotactic internal drainage: case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6082 :: ('MESH:D011629', 'Disease') :: ['precocious puberty']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity1804 :: ('MESH:D020863', 'Disease') :: ['suprasellar cysts']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts', 'arachnoid cyst']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cyst']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe mesial temporal lobe ablated volumes, verbal memory, and surgical outcomes in @entity1 with medically intractable mesial @entity1315 (mTLE) treated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided stereotactic laser interstitial thermal therapy (LiTT). METHODS: We prospectively tracked @entity410 outcome in 20 @entity1 at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital with drug-resistant mTLE who underwent MRI-guided LiTT from December 2011 to December 2014. Surgical outcome was assessed at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and at the most recent visit. Volume-based analysis of ablated mesial temporal structures was conducted in 17 @entity1 with @entity3877 ( @entity3877 ) and results were compared between the @entity410 -free and not @entity410 -free groups. RESULTS: Following LiTT, proportions of @entity1 who were free of @entity410 impairing @entity1662 (including those with auras only) are as follows: 8 of 15 @entity1 (53%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 30.1-75.2%) after 6 months, 4 of 11 @entity1 (36.4%, 95% CI 14.9-64.8%) after 1 year, 3 of 5 @entity1 (60%, 95% CI 22.9-88.4%) at 2-year follow-up. Median follow-up was 13.4 months after LiTT (range 1.3 months to 3.2 years). @entity410 outcome after LiTT suggests an all or none response. Four @entity1 had anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) after LiTT; three are @entity410 -free. There were no differences in total ablated volume of the amygdalohippocampus complex or individual volumes of hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus between @entity410 -free and non- @entity410 -free @entity1 . Contextual verbal memory performance was preserved after LiTT, although decline in noncontextual memory task scores were noted. SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that MRI-guided stereotactic LiTT is a safe alternative to ATL in @entity1 with medically intractable mTLE. Individualized assessment is warranted to determine whether the reduced odds of @entity410 freedom are worth the reduction in risk, discomfort, and recovery time. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings, and to define optimal ablation volume and ideal structures for ablation.

title: Laser interstitial thermal therapy for medically intractable mesial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['MTS', 'mesial temporal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, ESR was reported to have a useful diagnostic value in detecting @entity6 . The test has been performed in a limited number of @entity1 . This laboratory parameter is simple and could be routinely performed in developing countries where @entity6 and its complication are increasingly being encountered. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in differentiating @entity6 from @entity2688 , and to compare its diagnostic value with other hematological indices. METHODS: In a one-year prospective study, forty -three adult @entity6 @entity1 with foot ulcers were assessed at King Abdulaziz University Hospital Diabetes Center Riyadh from 1st January to 31st December 2005. ESR was compared with other hematological profiles in differentiating @entity4034 from @entity2688 . RESULTS: ESR, white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count, and red cell distribution width (RDW) were higher in @entity1 with @entity4034 than in @entity1 with @entity2688 (p<0.0001 for ESR; others p<0.05). In contrast, haematocrit and haemoglobin levels were lower in @entity1 with @entity4034 than in @entity1 with @entity2688 (p<0.0001). Overall, the efficiency of the haematological parameters in correctly diagnosing @entity6 from @entity2688 was highest for ESR > 70 mm/hr (92%), followed by haematocrit < 36% (89%), haemoglobin < 12 g/dl (85%), platelet count > 400x10(9) (69%), RDW > 14.5 (65%), and WBC >11x10(9) (63%). CONCLUSION: It is concluded that of the haematological parameters, ESR has the best diagnostic discrimination between @entity6 from @entity2688 . Further studies on larger population in this environment are however indicated.

title: XXXX : usefulness of erythrocyte sedimentation rate in its diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic osteomyelitis', 'diabetic foot osteomyelitis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic foot osteomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentration and @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched Pubmed, Medline and Embase databases up to September, 2014 for the relevant studies. Heterogeneity across studies was evaluated by Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. The standard mean difference (SMD) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were combined to evaluate the effect size. Sensitivity analysis was also performed by omitting each study to evaluate the stability of the results. In addition, publication bias was tested by Egger's test. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies containing 1 331 cases and 1 779 controls were included in this study. Significant heterogeneities were observed in our results. The result of meta-analysis showed that the hs-CRP concentrations in @entity2316 @entity1 were significantly higher than that in controls of healthy @entity1 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 without @entity8 . In addition, the hs-CRP concentration in macroalbuminuria (D3) group was significantly higher than that in microalbuminuria (D2) group and non- @entity633 group (D1). Sensitivity analysis revealed that the results were stable. As well, no publication bias was observed in our results. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that hs-CRP concentration can be an indicator of @entity2316 in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: The association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration and XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6453 (PQ) has been implicated as a risk factor for the @entity191 phenotype (PDP) in @entity1 and @entity19 using epidemiologic or experimental approaches. The toxicokinetics (TK) and toxicodynamics (TD) of PQ in the brain are not well understood. OBJECTIVES: The TK and TD of PQ in brain were measured after single or repeated doses. METHODS: Brain regions were analyzed for PQ levels, amount of lipid peroxidation, and functional activity of the 20S proteasome. RESULTS: @entity6453 (10 mg/kg, ip) was found to be persistent in @entity19 ventral midbrain (VM) with an apparent half-life of approximately 28 days and was cumulative with a linear pattern between one and five doses. PQ was also absorbed orally with a concentration in brain rising linearly after single doses between 10 and 50 mg/kg. The level of tissue lipid @entity2627 (LPO) was differentially elevated in three regions, being highest in VM, lower in striatum (STR), and least in frontal cortex (FCtx), with the earliest significant elevation detected at 1 day. An elevated level of LPO was still present in VM after 28 days. Despite the cumulative tissue levels of PQ after one, three, and five doses, the level of LPO was not further increased. The activity of the 20S proteasome in the striatum was altered after a single dose and reduced after five doses. CONCLUSIONS: These data have implications for PQ as a risk factor in @entity1 and in rodent models of the PDP.

title: Prolonged toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of XXXX in @entity19 brain.

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraquat']

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

answer: @entity6453 :: (MESH:D010269,Chemical) :: ['paraquat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6453 (PQ) has been implicated as a risk factor for the @entity191 phenotype (PDP) in @entity1 and @entity19 using epidemiologic or experimental approaches. The toxicokinetics (TK) and toxicodynamics (TD) of PQ in the brain are not well understood. OBJECTIVES: The TK and TD of PQ in brain were measured after single or repeated doses. METHODS: Brain regions were analyzed for PQ levels, amount of lipid peroxidation, and functional activity of the 20S proteasome. RESULTS: @entity6453 (10 mg/kg, ip) was found to be persistent in @entity19 ventral midbrain (VM) with an apparent half-life of approximately 28 days and was cumulative with a linear pattern between one and five doses. PQ was also absorbed orally with a concentration in brain rising linearly after single doses between 10 and 50 mg/kg. The level of tissue lipid @entity2627 (LPO) was differentially elevated in three regions, being highest in VM, lower in striatum (STR), and least in frontal cortex (FCtx), with the earliest significant elevation detected at 1 day. An elevated level of LPO was still present in VM after 28 days. Despite the cumulative tissue levels of PQ after one, three, and five doses, the level of LPO was not further increased. The activity of the 20S proteasome in the striatum was altered after a single dose and reduced after five doses. CONCLUSIONS: These data have implications for PQ as a risk factor in @entity1 and in rodent models of the PDP.

title: Prolonged toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of @entity6453 in XXXX brain.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is an increasingly prevalent health problem, and natural effective therapeutic approaches are required to prevent its occurrence. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds with estrogenic activities; they can bind to both @entity172 receptors alpha and beta and mimic the action of @entity172 on target organs. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of soy-derived phytoestrogens on energy balance and metabolism. METHODS: Male outbred @entity19 ( @entity2659 ) were allowed ad libitum access to either a high soy-containing diet or a soy-free diet from conception to adulthood. We measured circulating serum @entity3093 levels using reverse-phase solid-phase extraction for subsequent liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Adult animals were analyzed for body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, locomotor activity by running-wheel experiments, respiratory exchange rate by indirect calorimetry, and food intake using metabolic cages. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide genes. RESULTS: We found that adult @entity19 fed a soy-rich diet had reduced body weight, @entity1386 , and resistance to cold. This lean phenotype was associated with an increase in lipid oxidation due to a preferential use of lipids as fuel source and an @entity2915 . The modulation of energy balance was associated with a central effect of phytoestrogens on the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides, including agouti-related protein. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that dietary soy could have beneficial effects on @entity28 , but they also emphasize the importance of monitoring the phytoestrogen content of diets as a parameter of variability in animal experiments.

title: A phytoestrogen-rich diet increases energy expenditure and decreases XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increase in locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['adiposity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is an increasingly prevalent health problem, and natural effective therapeutic approaches are required to prevent its occurrence. Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds with estrogenic activities; they can bind to both @entity172 receptors alpha and beta and mimic the action of @entity172 on target organs. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of soy-derived phytoestrogens on energy balance and metabolism. METHODS: Male outbred @entity19 ( @entity2659 ) were allowed ad libitum access to either a high soy-containing diet or a soy-free diet from conception to adulthood. We measured circulating serum @entity3093 levels using reverse-phase solid-phase extraction for subsequent liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Adult animals were analyzed for body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, locomotor activity by running-wheel experiments, respiratory exchange rate by indirect calorimetry, and food intake using metabolic cages. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide genes. RESULTS: We found that adult @entity19 fed a soy-rich diet had reduced body weight, @entity1386 , and resistance to cold. This lean phenotype was associated with an increase in lipid oxidation due to a preferential use of lipids as fuel source and an @entity2915 . The modulation of energy balance was associated with a central effect of phytoestrogens on the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides, including agouti-related protein. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that dietary soy could have beneficial effects on @entity28 , but they also emphasize the importance of monitoring the phytoestrogen content of diets as a parameter of variability in animal experiments.

title: A phytoestrogen-rich diet increases energy expenditure and decreases @entity1386 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parenteral nutrition constitutes a life-saving therapeutic tool in @entity1 unable to ingest/absorb oral or enteral delivered nutrients. Liver function tests abnormalities are a common therapy-related complication, thus configuring the so-called Parenteral Nutrition Associated @entity409 (PNALD) or @entity1448 (PNAC). Although the damage is frequently mild, and resolves after discontinuation of parenteral nutrition, in some cases it progresses into cirrhotic changes, especially in neonates and @entity1 . We present a literature review focusing on the pathogenetic mechanisms-driven prevention and therapies for the cases where parenteral nutrition cannot be discontinued. @entity10055 has been proposed in @entity1 with @entity1448 , but its efficacy needs to be better established. Little evidence is available on efficacy of anti-oxidants, antibiotics, probiotics and anti @entity310 . Lipid emulsions based on fish oil with a high content of long-chain @entity1474   -3 appear effective both in @entity32 and in improving biliary flow. Most recent promising variations such as @entity1460 /MCT/olive/fish oil emulsion [third generation lipid emulsion (SMOFlipid)] are under investigation. In conclusion, we remark the emergence of a number of novel pathomechanisms underlying the severe @entity409 (PNALD and PNAC) in @entity1 treated with parenteral nutrition. Only few traditional and innovative therapeutic strategies have hitherto been shown promising.

title: Pediatric parenteral nutrition-associated @entity409 and XXXX : Novel advances in pathomechanisms-based prevention and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['decreasing intrahepatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver impairment damage', 'Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis', 'cholestatic hepatopathy']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['Ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['cholestasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parenteral nutrition constitutes a life-saving therapeutic tool in @entity1 unable to ingest/absorb oral or enteral delivered nutrients. Liver function tests abnormalities are a common therapy-related complication, thus configuring the so-called Parenteral Nutrition Associated @entity409 (PNALD) or @entity1448 (PNAC). Although the damage is frequently mild, and resolves after discontinuation of parenteral nutrition, in some cases it progresses into cirrhotic changes, especially in neonates and @entity1 . We present a literature review focusing on the pathogenetic mechanisms-driven prevention and therapies for the cases where parenteral nutrition cannot be discontinued. @entity10055 has been proposed in @entity1 with @entity1448 , but its efficacy needs to be better established. Little evidence is available on efficacy of anti-oxidants, antibiotics, probiotics and anti @entity310 . Lipid emulsions based on fish oil with a high content of long-chain @entity1474   -3 appear effective both in @entity32 and in improving biliary flow. Most recent promising variations such as @entity1460 /MCT/olive/fish oil emulsion [third generation lipid emulsion (SMOFlipid)] are under investigation. In conclusion, we remark the emergence of a number of novel pathomechanisms underlying the severe @entity409 (PNALD and PNAC) in @entity1 treated with parenteral nutrition. Only few traditional and innovative therapeutic strategies have hitherto been shown promising.

title: Pediatric parenteral nutrition-associated XXXX and @entity1448 : Novel advances in pathomechanisms-based prevention and treatment.

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity580 constitute a major medical problem leading to increased morbidity and mortality of @entity1 . Besides prolongation of length of hospital stay, hospital mortality attributable to those @entity281 is often the quantity of interest when describing their impact and consequences. Since occurrence of @entity580 is a time-dynamic process, estimation of this quantity might be hampered by that fact. A general framework shall be developed for defining and estimating attributable mortality that in addition is taking discharge of @entity1 as competing risk and potential censoring of observation time into account. METHODS: Since the term "attributable mortality" is used in a variety of meanings we first review basic definitions; the quantities of interest are then derived in terms of transition probabilities arising in a suitably defined multistate model that allows straightforward estimation and interpretation. Bootstrap resampling is used to calculate corresponding standard errors and confidence intervals. RESULTS: The methodology is applied to the data of the SIR-3 study, a prospective cohort study on the incidence of @entity580 in intensive care unit @entity1 . Occurrence of @entity55 is shown to be associated with increased mortality; the population-attributable fraction is estimated as 7.7% (95% confidence interval: 2.6-12.8%) for an observation period of 120 days. CONCLUSION: Attributable mortality is an important risk measure in epidemiology. If risk exposure is time dependent, multistate models provide an easily understandable framework to define and estimate attributable mortality. The approach is capable of handling competing events, which are omnipresent in clinical research and censoring.

title: Attributable mortality due to XXXX . A simple and useful application of multistate models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections', 'Nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['nosocomial infections']


abstract: The family histories of 130 individuals with documented @entity14 ( @entity14 ) (caused by mutations in mismatch-repair (MMR) genes @entity4311 (n = 64), @entity6756 (n = 62) or @entity4638 (n = 4)) were obtained, and incidence of @entity5 in those families was compared to that in the general population. There were a total of 982 @entity5 in 723 individuals. @entity14 ( @entity14 ) was the commonest type (64% and 55% in individuals from families with germline @entity6756 and @entity4311 mutations respectively). Median age at diagnosis of first @entity14 in @entity4638 mutation families was 59 years compared to 45 years in both @entity6756 and @entity4311 mutation families. The relative risk (RR) of @entity1204 was 55 in @entity4311 mutation families, compared with 27 in @entity6756 mutation families, and 37 in @entity4638 mutation families; median age at diagnosis 49 years. Even within @entity4311 families, @entity1204 tended to cluster, with 28 of the 58 cases coming from families with three or more cases (P < 0.001). Absolute risk of @entity1204 in @entity6756 families was still greater than any other @entity5 (other than @entity14 ). 5% of @entity5 in both @entity6756 and @entity4311 mutation families were gastric (RR = 12); 53% of these were diagnosed before 50 years. Seven cases of small @entity5 occurred in @entity4311 and @entity6756 mutation families (RR = 26). There were 13 cases of @entity1698 ; all were in @entity4311 families. These @entity5 tended to cluster within families (P < 0.001); three of seven families with @entity5 had such cases in two or more individuals; two others had @entity703 . @entity43 (70%) were in @entity4311 mutation families and 70% of these were diagnosed before age 50 years. There were 9 cases of sebaceous @entity1489 , 3 in two @entity6756 and 6 in four @entity4311 mutation families. Of 22 @entity788 , 14 were known to be diagnosed before 60 years. @entity0 RR was 1.7 overall. The type of mutation (truncating or other type, and site of mutation) showed no obvious correlation with the presence or @entity694 in families.

title: Gene-related @entity5 spectrum in families with XXXX ( @entity14 ).

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Nineteen of 27 ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'intestinal cancer', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'HNPCC', 'CRC', 'hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the ureter']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['absence of extra-colonic cancers']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer']


abstract: The family histories of 130 individuals with documented @entity14 ( @entity14 ) (caused by mutations in mismatch-repair (MMR) genes @entity4311 (n = 64), @entity6756 (n = 62) or @entity4638 (n = 4)) were obtained, and incidence of @entity5 in those families was compared to that in the general population. There were a total of 982 @entity5 in 723 individuals. @entity14 ( @entity14 ) was the commonest type (64% and 55% in individuals from families with germline @entity6756 and @entity4311 mutations respectively). Median age at diagnosis of first @entity14 in @entity4638 mutation families was 59 years compared to 45 years in both @entity6756 and @entity4311 mutation families. The relative risk (RR) of @entity1204 was 55 in @entity4311 mutation families, compared with 27 in @entity6756 mutation families, and 37 in @entity4638 mutation families; median age at diagnosis 49 years. Even within @entity4311 families, @entity1204 tended to cluster, with 28 of the 58 cases coming from families with three or more cases (P < 0.001). Absolute risk of @entity1204 in @entity6756 families was still greater than any other @entity5 (other than @entity14 ). 5% of @entity5 in both @entity6756 and @entity4311 mutation families were gastric (RR = 12); 53% of these were diagnosed before 50 years. Seven cases of small @entity5 occurred in @entity4311 and @entity6756 mutation families (RR = 26). There were 13 cases of @entity1698 ; all were in @entity4311 families. These @entity5 tended to cluster within families (P < 0.001); three of seven families with @entity5 had such cases in two or more individuals; two others had @entity703 . @entity43 (70%) were in @entity4311 mutation families and 70% of these were diagnosed before age 50 years. There were 9 cases of sebaceous @entity1489 , 3 in two @entity6756 and 6 in four @entity4311 mutation families. Of 22 @entity788 , 14 were known to be diagnosed before 60 years. @entity0 RR was 1.7 overall. The type of mutation (truncating or other type, and site of mutation) showed no obvious correlation with the presence or @entity694 in families.

title: Gene-related @entity5 spectrum in families with @entity14 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['HNPCC']


abstract: The family histories of 130 individuals with documented @entity14 ( @entity14 ) (caused by mutations in mismatch-repair (MMR) genes @entity4311 (n = 64), @entity6756 (n = 62) or @entity4638 (n = 4)) were obtained, and incidence of @entity5 in those families was compared to that in the general population. There were a total of 982 @entity5 in 723 individuals. @entity14 ( @entity14 ) was the commonest type (64% and 55% in individuals from families with germline @entity6756 and @entity4311 mutations respectively). Median age at diagnosis of first @entity14 in @entity4638 mutation families was 59 years compared to 45 years in both @entity6756 and @entity4311 mutation families. The relative risk (RR) of @entity1204 was 55 in @entity4311 mutation families, compared with 27 in @entity6756 mutation families, and 37 in @entity4638 mutation families; median age at diagnosis 49 years. Even within @entity4311 families, @entity1204 tended to cluster, with 28 of the 58 cases coming from families with three or more cases (P < 0.001). Absolute risk of @entity1204 in @entity6756 families was still greater than any other @entity5 (other than @entity14 ). 5% of @entity5 in both @entity6756 and @entity4311 mutation families were gastric (RR = 12); 53% of these were diagnosed before 50 years. Seven cases of small @entity5 occurred in @entity4311 and @entity6756 mutation families (RR = 26). There were 13 cases of @entity1698 ; all were in @entity4311 families. These @entity5 tended to cluster within families (P < 0.001); three of seven families with @entity5 had such cases in two or more individuals; two others had @entity703 . @entity43 (70%) were in @entity4311 mutation families and 70% of these were diagnosed before age 50 years. There were 9 cases of sebaceous @entity1489 , 3 in two @entity6756 and 6 in four @entity4311 mutation families. Of 22 @entity788 , 14 were known to be diagnosed before 60 years. @entity0 RR was 1.7 overall. The type of mutation (truncating or other type, and site of mutation) showed no obvious correlation with the presence or @entity694 in families.

title: Gene-related XXXX spectrum in families with @entity14 ( @entity14 ).

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are several published clinical trials of the use of @entity927 ( @entity928 ) in an obstetric setting, but no consensus on its use or guidelines for management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity928 in reducing @entity190 when given prior to cesarean delivery. We performed a systematic search in electronic databases. We included all randomized controlled trials comparing the use of @entity928 prior to cesarean delivery with controls (either placebo or no treatment). RESULTS: Nine trials with 2365 @entity1 were included in the analysis. @entity1 who received @entity928 had significantly less postpartum @entity190 , a lower drop in hemoglobin and a lower incidence of postpartum @entity548 and severe postpartum @entity548 compared with controls. Moreover, the number of @entity1 who needed additional uterotonic agents was significantly lower in the @entity928 group than in controls. The percentage of @entity1 who required blood transfusions at, or immediately after, cesareans was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the controls. There was no difference in the incidence of @entity1031 events in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic @entity928 given before cesarean skin incision in @entity1 undergoing cesarean delivery, under spinal or epidural anesthesia, significantly decreases @entity190 , including postpartum @entity548 and severe postpartum @entity548 , in addition to the standard prophylactic @entity398 given after delivery of the neonate. The effect of @entity928 on @entity1031 events and mortality as well as its use in high-risk @entity1 should be investigated further.

title: XXXX for preventing postpartum @entity190 after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['Tranexamic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are several published clinical trials of the use of @entity927 ( @entity928 ) in an obstetric setting, but no consensus on its use or guidelines for management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity928 in reducing @entity190 when given prior to cesarean delivery. We performed a systematic search in electronic databases. We included all randomized controlled trials comparing the use of @entity928 prior to cesarean delivery with controls (either placebo or no treatment). RESULTS: Nine trials with 2365 @entity1 were included in the analysis. @entity1 who received @entity928 had significantly less postpartum @entity190 , a lower drop in hemoglobin and a lower incidence of postpartum @entity548 and severe postpartum @entity548 compared with controls. Moreover, the number of @entity1 who needed additional uterotonic agents was significantly lower in the @entity928 group than in controls. The percentage of @entity1 who required blood transfusions at, or immediately after, cesareans was significantly lower in the intervention group than in the controls. There was no difference in the incidence of @entity1031 events in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic @entity928 given before cesarean skin incision in @entity1 undergoing cesarean delivery, under spinal or epidural anesthesia, significantly decreases @entity190 , including postpartum @entity548 and severe postpartum @entity548 , in addition to the standard prophylactic @entity398 given after delivery of the neonate. The effect of @entity928 on @entity1031 events and mortality as well as its use in high-risk @entity1 should be investigated further.

title: @entity927 for preventing postpartum XXXX after cesarean delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mean platelet component (MPC) is a new platelet variable, measured by modern commercial complete blood count analyzers, that is reduced during platelet activation in @entity1 and small animals. HYPOTHESIS: MPC decreases in @entity1641 with clinical conditions that cause platelet activation and @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ). ANIMALS: We obtained 418 CBCs from 100 sick and 20 healthy neonates and 178 sick and 45 sound adult @entity1641 . Sick neonates were classified into septic and nonseptic, and @entity5642 and non- @entity5642 groups. Adults were grouped by diagnoses (systemic inflammatory disorders, @entity344 , and @entity882 ). METHODS: MPC together with platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and platelet component distribution width were measured with a commercial analyzer and compared between the different disease and control groups in neonates and in adults. RESULTS: MPC values were significantly lower in the septic and nonseptic neonates (24.0 +/- 3.5 g/dL and 26.6 +/- 2.6 g/dL, respectively) than in the control group (28.1 +/- 1.7 g/dL). Neonates with @entity5642 had the lowest MPC values (23.8 +/- 6.3 g/dL). MPC values in adult @entity1641 were significantly lower in the inflammatory (23.5 +/- 4.7 g/dL), @entity344 (23.0 +/- 5.0 g/dL), @entity1681 (23.6 +/- 4.6 g/dL), @entity63 (23.9 +/- 5.1 g/dL), and @entity882 (20.2 +/- 5.7 g/dL) groups when compared with control @entity1641 (26.2 +/- 3.5 g/dL). Other platelet variables were not different between the control and the disease groups. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: MPC might be a useful variable for quickly and easily detecting platelet activation in sick neonates and adult @entity1641 .

title: Mean platelet component as an indicator of platelet activation in foals and adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal obstruction', 'gastrointestinal problems']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']