abstract: @entity1063 (NE) causes extensive @entity296 in the @entity95 . To investigate a potential mechanism we measured coronary blood flow with radioactive microspheres. Coronary resistance and @entity26 demand (heart rate-blood pressure double product) were calculated. Severity of injury was determined by semiquantitative histologic evaluation. Changes resulting from NE infusion were determined in animals with or without alpha-receptor blockade with @entity5521 (10 mg). In all animals @entity26 demand remained constant. Coronary blood flow (ml/gm/min) was 2.66 at the beginning of the experiment, rose to 3.46 after 3 minutes of NE infusion (p less than 0.05), then declined to baseline values (2.33) after 10 minutes. However, coronary blood flow was sharply lower than baseline (1.51; p less than 0.05) after 40 minutes of infusion. Coronary resistance rose progressively from baseline values of 40.9 (units) to 74.8 at 40 minutes (p less than 0.05). Animals given @entity5521 manifested none of these changes. Control subjects infused with saline solution showed no significant changes in coronary blood flow or coronary resistance. Animals pretreated with @entity5521 had minimal histologic damage at 48 hours compared with NE alone (p less than 0.01). We conclude that NE induces sustained coronary vasoconstriction in the @entity95 and that reduced coronary blood flow may contribute to the pathogenesis of NE @entity296 in this species.

title: Coronary vasoconstriction and catecholamine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) is disappointing for @entity1 who experience primary treatment failure or relapse after an initial response. @entity1 in relapse may respond again to chemotherapy, however the time to disease progression becomes shorter and eventually the disease becomes resistant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the MINE regimen in the treatment of @entity1 with relapsed or @entity1893 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three pretreated @entity1 with a median age of 56 years were enrolled into the study between October 1995 and June 2000. Most @entity1 (60.5%) had a performance status of 0 to 1, and a diffuse large cell subtype (55.8%). Seventy-four percent of @entity1 had stage III or IV disease at the start of MINE treatment. Eighteen (41.9%) @entity1 had complete response, 5 (11.6%) had partial response, and 20 (46.5%) had failed to respond to prior therapy. @entity1260 4 g/m2 was divided over 3 days and administered IV over a 1 hour period. @entity2664 8 mg/m2 was administered as a short IV infusion on day 1. @entity2879 (65 mg/m2/day) was infused over 1 hour on days 1 to 3. A total of 144 cycles was administered, with a mean of 3.34 cycles per @entity1 (range, 1-8). The mean relative dose intensity was 87.4%. RESULTS: 1) Nine @entity1 achieved a complete response and nine @entity1 achieved a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 43.8% of the 41 assessable @entity1 . 2) The median survival time was 6 months (95% CI, 4 to 8 months), and the median time to failure was 5 months (95% CI, 3 to 7 months). 3) A statistically significant association with complete response rates was found for complete response to prior therapy (p=0.049). The significant factors for overall survival were a complete response after MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin (p=0.003, p=0.012, respectively). The significant factors for time to treatment failure were a complete response after MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin (p=0.003, p=0.044, respectively). 4) The main result of @entity137 of MINE was @entity236 . CONCLUSION: The response to MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin were both independent prognostic factors for overall survival and time to treatment failure. As the median time to treatment failure for complete responses was 14 months, the best use of this regimen could be in a strategy that includes prompt consolidation of a complete response with intense chemotherapy, with or without hematopoietic stem cell rescue.

title: MINE (mesna, @entity1260 , XXXX , @entity2879 ) Chemotherapy as a Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL', 'refractory NHL']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) is disappointing for @entity1 who experience primary treatment failure or relapse after an initial response. @entity1 in relapse may respond again to chemotherapy, however the time to disease progression becomes shorter and eventually the disease becomes resistant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the MINE regimen in the treatment of @entity1 with relapsed or @entity1893 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three pretreated @entity1 with a median age of 56 years were enrolled into the study between October 1995 and June 2000. Most @entity1 (60.5%) had a performance status of 0 to 1, and a diffuse large cell subtype (55.8%). Seventy-four percent of @entity1 had stage III or IV disease at the start of MINE treatment. Eighteen (41.9%) @entity1 had complete response, 5 (11.6%) had partial response, and 20 (46.5%) had failed to respond to prior therapy. @entity1260 4 g/m2 was divided over 3 days and administered IV over a 1 hour period. @entity2664 8 mg/m2 was administered as a short IV infusion on day 1. @entity2879 (65 mg/m2/day) was infused over 1 hour on days 1 to 3. A total of 144 cycles was administered, with a mean of 3.34 cycles per @entity1 (range, 1-8). The mean relative dose intensity was 87.4%. RESULTS: 1) Nine @entity1 achieved a complete response and nine @entity1 achieved a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 43.8% of the 41 assessable @entity1 . 2) The median survival time was 6 months (95% CI, 4 to 8 months), and the median time to failure was 5 months (95% CI, 3 to 7 months). 3) A statistically significant association with complete response rates was found for complete response to prior therapy (p=0.049). The significant factors for overall survival were a complete response after MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin (p=0.003, p=0.012, respectively). The significant factors for time to treatment failure were a complete response after MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin (p=0.003, p=0.044, respectively). 4) The main result of @entity137 of MINE was @entity236 . CONCLUSION: The response to MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin were both independent prognostic factors for overall survival and time to treatment failure. As the median time to treatment failure for complete responses was 14 months, the best use of this regimen could be in a strategy that includes prompt consolidation of a complete response with intense chemotherapy, with or without hematopoietic stem cell rescue.

title: MINE (mesna, XXXX , @entity2664 , @entity2879 ) Chemotherapy as a Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive @entity1893 .

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) is disappointing for @entity1 who experience primary treatment failure or relapse after an initial response. @entity1 in relapse may respond again to chemotherapy, however the time to disease progression becomes shorter and eventually the disease becomes resistant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the MINE regimen in the treatment of @entity1 with relapsed or @entity1893 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three pretreated @entity1 with a median age of 56 years were enrolled into the study between October 1995 and June 2000. Most @entity1 (60.5%) had a performance status of 0 to 1, and a diffuse large cell subtype (55.8%). Seventy-four percent of @entity1 had stage III or IV disease at the start of MINE treatment. Eighteen (41.9%) @entity1 had complete response, 5 (11.6%) had partial response, and 20 (46.5%) had failed to respond to prior therapy. @entity1260 4 g/m2 was divided over 3 days and administered IV over a 1 hour period. @entity2664 8 mg/m2 was administered as a short IV infusion on day 1. @entity2879 (65 mg/m2/day) was infused over 1 hour on days 1 to 3. A total of 144 cycles was administered, with a mean of 3.34 cycles per @entity1 (range, 1-8). The mean relative dose intensity was 87.4%. RESULTS: 1) Nine @entity1 achieved a complete response and nine @entity1 achieved a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 43.8% of the 41 assessable @entity1 . 2) The median survival time was 6 months (95% CI, 4 to 8 months), and the median time to failure was 5 months (95% CI, 3 to 7 months). 3) A statistically significant association with complete response rates was found for complete response to prior therapy (p=0.049). The significant factors for overall survival were a complete response after MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin (p=0.003, p=0.012, respectively). The significant factors for time to treatment failure were a complete response after MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin (p=0.003, p=0.044, respectively). 4) The main result of @entity137 of MINE was @entity236 . CONCLUSION: The response to MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin were both independent prognostic factors for overall survival and time to treatment failure. As the median time to treatment failure for complete responses was 14 months, the best use of this regimen could be in a strategy that includes prompt consolidation of a complete response with intense chemotherapy, with or without hematopoietic stem cell rescue.

title: MINE (mesna, @entity1260 , @entity2664 , XXXX ) Chemotherapy as a Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive @entity1893 .

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) is disappointing for @entity1 who experience primary treatment failure or relapse after an initial response. @entity1 in relapse may respond again to chemotherapy, however the time to disease progression becomes shorter and eventually the disease becomes resistant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the MINE regimen in the treatment of @entity1 with relapsed or @entity1893 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three pretreated @entity1 with a median age of 56 years were enrolled into the study between October 1995 and June 2000. Most @entity1 (60.5%) had a performance status of 0 to 1, and a diffuse large cell subtype (55.8%). Seventy-four percent of @entity1 had stage III or IV disease at the start of MINE treatment. Eighteen (41.9%) @entity1 had complete response, 5 (11.6%) had partial response, and 20 (46.5%) had failed to respond to prior therapy. @entity1260 4 g/m2 was divided over 3 days and administered IV over a 1 hour period. @entity2664 8 mg/m2 was administered as a short IV infusion on day 1. @entity2879 (65 mg/m2/day) was infused over 1 hour on days 1 to 3. A total of 144 cycles was administered, with a mean of 3.34 cycles per @entity1 (range, 1-8). The mean relative dose intensity was 87.4%. RESULTS: 1) Nine @entity1 achieved a complete response and nine @entity1 achieved a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 43.8% of the 41 assessable @entity1 . 2) The median survival time was 6 months (95% CI, 4 to 8 months), and the median time to failure was 5 months (95% CI, 3 to 7 months). 3) A statistically significant association with complete response rates was found for complete response to prior therapy (p=0.049). The significant factors for overall survival were a complete response after MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin (p=0.003, p=0.012, respectively). The significant factors for time to treatment failure were a complete response after MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin (p=0.003, p=0.044, respectively). 4) The main result of @entity137 of MINE was @entity236 . CONCLUSION: The response to MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin were both independent prognostic factors for overall survival and time to treatment failure. As the median time to treatment failure for complete responses was 14 months, the best use of this regimen could be in a strategy that includes prompt consolidation of a complete response with intense chemotherapy, with or without hematopoietic stem cell rescue.

title: MINE (mesna, @entity1260 , @entity2664 , @entity2879 ) Chemotherapy as a Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive XXXX .

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are few therapeutic options in @entity1 with @entity14 that have progressed or recurred following @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) based therapy. We evaluated the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity901 , @entity1487 , @entity4181 (Mayo clinic regimen) in @entity1487 pretreated advanced @entity14 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METGODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were enrolled in this study between January 1999 and May 2001. @entity1 were treated with @entity901 150 mg/m2 on day 1 as a 2-hr infusion and @entity1487 425 mg/m2, @entity4181 20 mg/m2, bolus for 5 days. Treatment courses were repeated in 4-week intervals. RESULTS: The objective response rate was 25% for 28 assessable @entity1 , all cases registered a partial response. Eleven @entity1 (39%) demonstrated stable disease, and ten (36%) progressed. The median response duration was 5.5 months, and the median time to progression was 6.3 months. The median overall survival time was 13.5 months from the start of the chemotherapy. From the 120 cycles analyzed, grade 3,4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity1398 : 1.6%, and @entity882 : 1.6%. The frequent grade 3.4 non-hematologic adverse reactions were @entity390 / @entity391 (25.0%), @entity294 (14.3%), stomititis (3.6%), and @entity16 (3.6%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: This phase II study had relatively higher @entity137 than previous studies, and did not show an increased significant response rate. These high levels of @entity137 suggest that the study treatment combination of @entity901 with a full dose Mayo clinic regimen arm is no feasible. Therefore, this regimen will be discontinued and a safer regimen will be adopted.

title: A Phase II Study of XXXX Combined with @entity1487 and @entity4181 (Mayo Clinic Regimen) in @entity1487 Refractory @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['Oxaliplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are few therapeutic options in @entity1 with @entity14 that have progressed or recurred following @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) based therapy. We evaluated the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity901 , @entity1487 , @entity4181 (Mayo clinic regimen) in @entity1487 pretreated advanced @entity14 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METGODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were enrolled in this study between January 1999 and May 2001. @entity1 were treated with @entity901 150 mg/m2 on day 1 as a 2-hr infusion and @entity1487 425 mg/m2, @entity4181 20 mg/m2, bolus for 5 days. Treatment courses were repeated in 4-week intervals. RESULTS: The objective response rate was 25% for 28 assessable @entity1 , all cases registered a partial response. Eleven @entity1 (39%) demonstrated stable disease, and ten (36%) progressed. The median response duration was 5.5 months, and the median time to progression was 6.3 months. The median overall survival time was 13.5 months from the start of the chemotherapy. From the 120 cycles analyzed, grade 3,4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity1398 : 1.6%, and @entity882 : 1.6%. The frequent grade 3.4 non-hematologic adverse reactions were @entity390 / @entity391 (25.0%), @entity294 (14.3%), stomititis (3.6%), and @entity16 (3.6%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: This phase II study had relatively higher @entity137 than previous studies, and did not show an increased significant response rate. These high levels of @entity137 suggest that the study treatment combination of @entity901 with a full dose Mayo clinic regimen arm is no feasible. Therefore, this regimen will be discontinued and a safer regimen will be adopted.

title: A Phase II Study of @entity901 Combined with @entity1487 and XXXX (Mayo Clinic Regimen) in @entity1487 Refractory @entity14 .

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['Leucovorin']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are few therapeutic options in @entity1 with @entity14 that have progressed or recurred following @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) based therapy. We evaluated the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity901 , @entity1487 , @entity4181 (Mayo clinic regimen) in @entity1487 pretreated advanced @entity14 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METGODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were enrolled in this study between January 1999 and May 2001. @entity1 were treated with @entity901 150 mg/m2 on day 1 as a 2-hr infusion and @entity1487 425 mg/m2, @entity4181 20 mg/m2, bolus for 5 days. Treatment courses were repeated in 4-week intervals. RESULTS: The objective response rate was 25% for 28 assessable @entity1 , all cases registered a partial response. Eleven @entity1 (39%) demonstrated stable disease, and ten (36%) progressed. The median response duration was 5.5 months, and the median time to progression was 6.3 months. The median overall survival time was 13.5 months from the start of the chemotherapy. From the 120 cycles analyzed, grade 3,4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity1398 : 1.6%, and @entity882 : 1.6%. The frequent grade 3.4 non-hematologic adverse reactions were @entity390 / @entity391 (25.0%), @entity294 (14.3%), stomititis (3.6%), and @entity16 (3.6%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: This phase II study had relatively higher @entity137 than previous studies, and did not show an increased significant response rate. These high levels of @entity137 suggest that the study treatment combination of @entity901 with a full dose Mayo clinic regimen arm is no feasible. Therefore, this regimen will be discontinued and a safer regimen will be adopted.

title: A Phase II Study of @entity901 Combined with @entity1487 and @entity4181 (Mayo Clinic Regimen) in @entity1487 Refractory XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are few therapeutic options in @entity1 with @entity14 that have progressed or recurred following @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) based therapy. We evaluated the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity901 , @entity1487 , @entity4181 (Mayo clinic regimen) in @entity1487 pretreated advanced @entity14 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METGODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were enrolled in this study between January 1999 and May 2001. @entity1 were treated with @entity901 150 mg/m2 on day 1 as a 2-hr infusion and @entity1487 425 mg/m2, @entity4181 20 mg/m2, bolus for 5 days. Treatment courses were repeated in 4-week intervals. RESULTS: The objective response rate was 25% for 28 assessable @entity1 , all cases registered a partial response. Eleven @entity1 (39%) demonstrated stable disease, and ten (36%) progressed. The median response duration was 5.5 months, and the median time to progression was 6.3 months. The median overall survival time was 13.5 months from the start of the chemotherapy. From the 120 cycles analyzed, grade 3,4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity1398 : 1.6%, and @entity882 : 1.6%. The frequent grade 3.4 non-hematologic adverse reactions were @entity390 / @entity391 (25.0%), @entity294 (14.3%), stomititis (3.6%), and @entity16 (3.6%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: This phase II study had relatively higher @entity137 than previous studies, and did not show an increased significant response rate. These high levels of @entity137 suggest that the study treatment combination of @entity901 with a full dose Mayo clinic regimen arm is no feasible. Therefore, this regimen will be discontinued and a safer regimen will be adopted.

title: A Phase II Study of @entity901 Combined with XXXX and @entity4181 (Mayo Clinic Regimen) in @entity1487 Refractory @entity14 .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are few therapeutic options in @entity1 with @entity14 that have progressed or recurred following @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) based therapy. We evaluated the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity901 , @entity1487 , @entity4181 (Mayo clinic regimen) in @entity1487 pretreated advanced @entity14 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METGODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were enrolled in this study between January 1999 and May 2001. @entity1 were treated with @entity901 150 mg/m2 on day 1 as a 2-hr infusion and @entity1487 425 mg/m2, @entity4181 20 mg/m2, bolus for 5 days. Treatment courses were repeated in 4-week intervals. RESULTS: The objective response rate was 25% for 28 assessable @entity1 , all cases registered a partial response. Eleven @entity1 (39%) demonstrated stable disease, and ten (36%) progressed. The median response duration was 5.5 months, and the median time to progression was 6.3 months. The median overall survival time was 13.5 months from the start of the chemotherapy. From the 120 cycles analyzed, grade 3,4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity1398 : 1.6%, and @entity882 : 1.6%. The frequent grade 3.4 non-hematologic adverse reactions were @entity390 / @entity391 (25.0%), @entity294 (14.3%), stomititis (3.6%), and @entity16 (3.6%). There were no treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: This phase II study had relatively higher @entity137 than previous studies, and did not show an increased significant response rate. These high levels of @entity137 suggest that the study treatment combination of @entity901 with a full dose Mayo clinic regimen arm is no feasible. Therefore, this regimen will be discontinued and a safer regimen will be adopted.

title: A Phase II Study of @entity901 Combined with @entity1487 and @entity4181 (Mayo Clinic Regimen) in XXXX Refractory @entity14 .

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is a well- known @entity2008 in adults with B-lineage @entity981 , and is associated with a poor prognosis. This study compared the clinical manifestations and prognosis in adult Ph-positive and Ph-negative @entity981 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of adult @entity1 newly diagnosed as B-lineage @entity981 , between January 1995 and February 2001. Fifty five @entity1 were included in this study. We divided the @entity1 into Ph-positive and Ph-negative groups. RESULTS: Eighteen of the 55 @entity1 (32.7%) were found to have the Ph chromosome. At initial diagnosis, the Ph-positive @entity1 had higher circulating leukocyte counts, lower platelet counts and had a greater tendency to bleed, than the Ph-negative group. The complete remission rates were 83.3% and 83.8% for the Ph-positive and the Ph-negative groups, respectively. Four of the Ph-positive, and 13 of the Ph-negative, @entity1 underwent allogenic bone marrow transplantation. The median follow-up for the surviving @entity1 was 39.3 months. The three-year survival rates were 10.4% and 51.8% for the Ph-positive and the Ph-negative groups, respectively. The median disease-free survival was 7.7 months for the Ph-positive group, but did not reach the median value in the Ph-negative group. Among the Ph-positive @entity1 , age was the only factor that had an impact on the disease outcome. CONCLUSION: In adult B-lineage @entity981 , the Ph-positive @entity1 had similar complete remission rates to other @entity1 ; however, the remission was of shorter duration, with a higher relapse rate in the Ph-positive @entity1 . More effective treatments are needed to improve the survival of the Ph-positive @entity1 .

title: The Outcome of Philadelphia XXXX : Characteristics and Prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormality']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Chromosome-Positive Adult ALL']


abstract: PURPOSE: Here, our results from a prospective treatment protocol of concurrent radiochemotherapy (CRCT), which was conducted for locally advanced @entity5 , between April 1994 and May 2001, are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 52 consecutive eligible @entity1 were accumulated for this protocol. The median radiation doses to the primary site, involved nodes and uninvolved neck were 72, 61.2 and 45 Gy, using a serial shrinking field technique. The boost techniques were 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in 45, intracavitary brachytherapy in 3 and 2-dimensional radiation therapy, with multiple small fields, in 2 @entity1 . Two chemotherapy regimens were used: the first regimen, used in 8 @entity1 during the earlier part of the study duration, consisted of 2 cycles of @entity900 plus @entity1487 every 4 weeks, with concurrent radiation therapy, and 4 cycles with the same agents every 4 weeks, adjuvantly; the second regimen, used in 44 @entity1 during the later part, consisted of 3 cycles of @entity900 every 3 weeks, with concurrent radiation therapy and 3 cycles of adjuvant @entity900 plus @entity1487 every 3 weeks. RESULTS: The median follow-up period of the survivors was 32 months. The male to female ratio was 36/16, with a median age of 48 years. The stages, according to the new AJCC staging system (1997), were IIb in 6, III in 23, IVa in 14 and IVb in 9 @entity1 . Fifty and 32 @entity1 completed the planned radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy, respectively. Two @entity1 died, 1 of @entity326 during the CRCT and the other of @entity3147 during the adjuvant chemotherapy. There were 12 failures in 11 @entity1 : 7 locoregional recurrences, 1 within and 6 outside the radiation target volume, and 5 distant metastases. The locoregional control, disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 84.3, 78.8 and 92.8% at 3 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: High dose radiation therapy, coupled with concurrent chemotherapy, was judged a highly effective treatment for locally advanced @entity5 .

title: High Dose Radiation Therapy Concurrent with Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharynx cancers']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5- fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Nasopharynx Cancer']


abstract: We retrospectively studied the incidence of @entity6 , @entity1007 , @entity101 , and @entity28 in 123 consecutive adult liver transplant recipients (61 @entity1 and 62 @entity1 ) who were alive at least 1 year after transplantation. We also studied the change in these metabolic complications in 61 @entity1 who subsequently were able to be tapered to 5 mg @entity229 per day. One year after transplantation--a point at which almost all @entity1 were on maintenance immunosuppression and had stable graft function--the incidence of @entity6 was 13% and @entity101 was 69.1%. The overall incidence of @entity1007 (serum @entity165 > 240 ng/ml) was 31% and was more frequent in @entity1 than in @entity1 (38.7% vs. 23.0%, P < 0.06). The incidence of @entity28 at 1 year was 41.9% in @entity1 and 39.3% in @entity1 . With tapering of @entity229 from 10 mg to 5 mg per day in 61 @entity1 , the mean serum @entity165 decreased from 224.6 +/- 65.2 mg/dl to 203.3 +/- 65.5 mg/dl, P < 0.005. With @entity134 tapering, 8 @entity1 were able to discontinue antihypertensive medications and 4 were able to discontinue insulin treatment for @entity6 . Five @entity1 became @entity28 during the @entity134 -tapering period. No @entity1 developed irreversible rejection with @entity134 tapering and no immunologic graft losses occurred more than a year after transplantation. Nine @entity1 who lived a year subsequently died. Of these, 7 @entity1 were @entity6 and 2 died of @entity299 . We conclude that metabolic complications such as @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity1007 are common later after liver transplantation and that these may contribute to @entity1 morbidity and mortality. In addition, we conclude @entity134 tapering to 5 mg/day does not lead to graft loss and may decrease the incidence and severity of late metabolic complications.

title: Metabolic complications after liver transplantation. @entity6 , XXXX , @entity101 , and @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: We retrospectively studied the incidence of @entity6 , @entity1007 , @entity101 , and @entity28 in 123 consecutive adult liver transplant recipients (61 @entity1 and 62 @entity1 ) who were alive at least 1 year after transplantation. We also studied the change in these metabolic complications in 61 @entity1 who subsequently were able to be tapered to 5 mg @entity229 per day. One year after transplantation--a point at which almost all @entity1 were on maintenance immunosuppression and had stable graft function--the incidence of @entity6 was 13% and @entity101 was 69.1%. The overall incidence of @entity1007 (serum @entity165 > 240 ng/ml) was 31% and was more frequent in @entity1 than in @entity1 (38.7% vs. 23.0%, P < 0.06). The incidence of @entity28 at 1 year was 41.9% in @entity1 and 39.3% in @entity1 . With tapering of @entity229 from 10 mg to 5 mg per day in 61 @entity1 , the mean serum @entity165 decreased from 224.6 +/- 65.2 mg/dl to 203.3 +/- 65.5 mg/dl, P < 0.005. With @entity134 tapering, 8 @entity1 were able to discontinue antihypertensive medications and 4 were able to discontinue insulin treatment for @entity6 . Five @entity1 became @entity28 during the @entity134 -tapering period. No @entity1 developed irreversible rejection with @entity134 tapering and no immunologic graft losses occurred more than a year after transplantation. Nine @entity1 who lived a year subsequently died. Of these, 7 @entity1 were @entity6 and 2 died of @entity299 . We conclude that metabolic complications such as @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity1007 are common later after liver transplantation and that these may contribute to @entity1 morbidity and mortality. In addition, we conclude @entity134 tapering to 5 mg/day does not lead to graft loss and may decrease the incidence and severity of late metabolic complications.

title: Metabolic complications after liver transplantation. @entity6 , @entity1007 , XXXX , and @entity28 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: We retrospectively studied the incidence of @entity6 , @entity1007 , @entity101 , and @entity28 in 123 consecutive adult liver transplant recipients (61 @entity1 and 62 @entity1 ) who were alive at least 1 year after transplantation. We also studied the change in these metabolic complications in 61 @entity1 who subsequently were able to be tapered to 5 mg @entity229 per day. One year after transplantation--a point at which almost all @entity1 were on maintenance immunosuppression and had stable graft function--the incidence of @entity6 was 13% and @entity101 was 69.1%. The overall incidence of @entity1007 (serum @entity165 > 240 ng/ml) was 31% and was more frequent in @entity1 than in @entity1 (38.7% vs. 23.0%, P < 0.06). The incidence of @entity28 at 1 year was 41.9% in @entity1 and 39.3% in @entity1 . With tapering of @entity229 from 10 mg to 5 mg per day in 61 @entity1 , the mean serum @entity165 decreased from 224.6 +/- 65.2 mg/dl to 203.3 +/- 65.5 mg/dl, P < 0.005. With @entity134 tapering, 8 @entity1 were able to discontinue antihypertensive medications and 4 were able to discontinue insulin treatment for @entity6 . Five @entity1 became @entity28 during the @entity134 -tapering period. No @entity1 developed irreversible rejection with @entity134 tapering and no immunologic graft losses occurred more than a year after transplantation. Nine @entity1 who lived a year subsequently died. Of these, 7 @entity1 were @entity6 and 2 died of @entity299 . We conclude that metabolic complications such as @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity1007 are common later after liver transplantation and that these may contribute to @entity1 morbidity and mortality. In addition, we conclude @entity134 tapering to 5 mg/day does not lead to graft loss and may decrease the incidence and severity of late metabolic complications.

title: Metabolic complications after liver transplantation. @entity6 , @entity1007 , @entity101 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: We retrospectively studied the incidence of @entity6 , @entity1007 , @entity101 , and @entity28 in 123 consecutive adult liver transplant recipients (61 @entity1 and 62 @entity1 ) who were alive at least 1 year after transplantation. We also studied the change in these metabolic complications in 61 @entity1 who subsequently were able to be tapered to 5 mg @entity229 per day. One year after transplantation--a point at which almost all @entity1 were on maintenance immunosuppression and had stable graft function--the incidence of @entity6 was 13% and @entity101 was 69.1%. The overall incidence of @entity1007 (serum @entity165 > 240 ng/ml) was 31% and was more frequent in @entity1 than in @entity1 (38.7% vs. 23.0%, P < 0.06). The incidence of @entity28 at 1 year was 41.9% in @entity1 and 39.3% in @entity1 . With tapering of @entity229 from 10 mg to 5 mg per day in 61 @entity1 , the mean serum @entity165 decreased from 224.6 +/- 65.2 mg/dl to 203.3 +/- 65.5 mg/dl, P < 0.005. With @entity134 tapering, 8 @entity1 were able to discontinue antihypertensive medications and 4 were able to discontinue insulin treatment for @entity6 . Five @entity1 became @entity28 during the @entity134 -tapering period. No @entity1 developed irreversible rejection with @entity134 tapering and no immunologic graft losses occurred more than a year after transplantation. Nine @entity1 who lived a year subsequently died. Of these, 7 @entity1 were @entity6 and 2 died of @entity299 . We conclude that metabolic complications such as @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity1007 are common later after liver transplantation and that these may contribute to @entity1 morbidity and mortality. In addition, we conclude @entity134 tapering to 5 mg/day does not lead to graft loss and may decrease the incidence and severity of late metabolic complications.

title: Metabolic complications after liver transplantation. XXXX , @entity1007 , @entity101 , and @entity28 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: In @entity5507 , @entity296 manifests itself as @entity299 , concentric left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 , or @entity5988 . To determine the impact of renal transplantation on @entity296 , all dialysis @entity1 participating in a long-term cohort study who received a successful renal transplant were followed with echocardiography. The transplanted group comprised 102 of 433 (24%) @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 . They were significantly younger and, on starting @entity8 therapy, had significantly less @entity741 and @entity712 than the overall @entity8 cohort. During followup, @entity741 developed in only 1 @entity1 and none experienced @entity712 . In the 12% (n = 12) of @entity1 with @entity299 before renal transplant, fractional shortening normalized in all @entity1 , increasing from 21.5 +/- 4.6% to 33.5 +/- 5.6% after transplantation. In the 41% (n = 41) with concentric @entity4346 before transplantation, the LV mass index improved from 158 +/- 39 g/m2 to 132 +/- 39 g/m2. @entity5988 was present in 32% (n = 32) of @entity1 before transplantation. After transplantation, LV volume fell from 116 +/- 3.1 ml/m2 to 89 +/- 21 ml/m2, and LV mass index in this group fell from 166 +/- 55 g/m2 to 135 +/- 37 g/m2. It was not possible to associate risk factors characteristic of the uremic state with the improvement in cardiac structure and function, although the fall in LV mass was significantly associated with fall in blood pressure. We conclude that correction of the uremic state by renal transplantation leads to normalization of LV contractility in @entity299 , regression of @entity1184 in concentric @entity4346 , and improvement of cavity volume in @entity5988 . The degree of improvement suggests that dialysis @entity1 with @entity296 would benefit from renal transplantation.

title: Impact of renal transplantation on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'endstage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'uremic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5507 :: ('MESH:D014511', 'Disease') :: ['chronic uremia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['uremic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity151 is one of the major causes of @entity204 from @entity5 worldwide. To explore the expressions of global protein in @entity151 cells, a proteomic approach, to identify the proteins, was used and the establishment of a protein reference map attempted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), with subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry (MS), was applied to the study of protein identification from a @entity151 cell line, @entity1 . The cells were lysed, and the extracts subjected to isoelectric focusing, with immobilized pH gradients, followed by second dimension SDS-PAGE. The polypeptides were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting, with @entity215 , after in-gel protein digestion. RESULTS: From @entity575 staining of the gel, around two thousands protein spots were separated by the 2-DE. Of these protein spots visualized in the gel, one hundred and ten were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. Different proteins, such as enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins and proteins common to eukaryotic cells, were identified. CONCLUSION: The protein expressions of the @entity151 cells were analyzed to establish a protein reference map. The reference map presented here may serve as a working tool for the further study of @entity151 .

title: Proteomic Profiling of XXXX Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Line NCI-H211.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['MALDI-TOF MS']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['Small cell lung cancer', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Peritoneal seeding is the most common type of @entity3 or recurrence and one of the poor prognostic factors in @entity356 . Moreover, there are as yet no effective treatment modalities available. Recently some research groups suggested the benefit of combined cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy, but the related experiments remain in the trial stage. Therefore, we assessed the safety and evaluated the efficacy of combined cytoreductive surgery and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) in @entity356 @entity1 with @entity298 of @entity356 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From Nov. 1997 to May. 2002, eighteen cases of combined cytoreduction and EPIC were performed in the @entity5 Center Hospital due to @entity356 with @entity298 . The control group consisted of 33 @entity1 who had no resection without EPIC during the same periods. After combined cytoreductive surgery and EPIC, all @entity1 received systemic chemotheraphy with the exception of 2 @entity1 who could not tolerate the treatment. We retrospectively investigated the clinicopathologic features and analyzed the factors affecting the prognosis. Median follow-up period was 11.9 months (range 0.5~61 months). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 11.0 for Windows. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: There was one case of the treatment-related mortality (5.5%) and seven cases of treatment-related complications (38%) in the combined cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy group. One-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of cytoreductive surgery plus EPIC were 57.6%, 25.9% and 13.0%, respectively, and those of the control group were 18.2%, 3% and 0%, respectively. Survival of the combined cytoreductive surgery plus EPIC group was better than that of the control group (p=0.0026). In multivariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting the survival, combined cytoreductive surgery plus EPIC (p=0.02) and systemic chemotherapy (p=0.019) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Although a small number of cases were included in this study, combined cytoreductive surgery plus EPIC showed survival benefit and retained a comparable complication rate compared with the control group.

title: Combined Cytoreductive Surgery and Early Postoperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for XXXX of @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Korea Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Peritoneal Carcinomatosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Peritoneal seeding is the most common type of @entity3 or recurrence and one of the poor prognostic factors in @entity356 . Moreover, there are as yet no effective treatment modalities available. Recently some research groups suggested the benefit of combined cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy, but the related experiments remain in the trial stage. Therefore, we assessed the safety and evaluated the efficacy of combined cytoreductive surgery and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) in @entity356 @entity1 with @entity298 of @entity356 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From Nov. 1997 to May. 2002, eighteen cases of combined cytoreduction and EPIC were performed in the @entity5 Center Hospital due to @entity356 with @entity298 . The control group consisted of 33 @entity1 who had no resection without EPIC during the same periods. After combined cytoreductive surgery and EPIC, all @entity1 received systemic chemotheraphy with the exception of 2 @entity1 who could not tolerate the treatment. We retrospectively investigated the clinicopathologic features and analyzed the factors affecting the prognosis. Median follow-up period was 11.9 months (range 0.5~61 months). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 11.0 for Windows. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: There was one case of the treatment-related mortality (5.5%) and seven cases of treatment-related complications (38%) in the combined cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy group. One-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of cytoreductive surgery plus EPIC were 57.6%, 25.9% and 13.0%, respectively, and those of the control group were 18.2%, 3% and 0%, respectively. Survival of the combined cytoreductive surgery plus EPIC group was better than that of the control group (p=0.0026). In multivariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting the survival, combined cytoreductive surgery plus EPIC (p=0.02) and systemic chemotherapy (p=0.019) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Although a small number of cases were included in this study, combined cytoreductive surgery plus EPIC showed survival benefit and retained a comparable complication rate compared with the control group.

title: Combined Cytoreductive Surgery and Early Postoperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for @entity298 of XXXX .

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: AIM: The prevalence of interincisive and primate spaces in the primary dentition, relating them to age and sex, was studied. An analysis was made as to what extent various occlusal aspects of the arches affect the existence of spacing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A population of 267 @entity1 , 153 males and 114 females, aged 2.2-8.2 years, was evaluated. All were white Caucasian, apparently healthy and lacking any @entity600 ; they had complete primary dentition and no erupted permanent teeth, without existing dental @entity600 and not having undergone any type of orthodontic treatment. Cast models were fabricated from impressions taken of all the @entity1 . Tooth sizes and interdental spaces were measured on these models and the various occlusal aspects were noted. RESULTS: The prevalence of spacing was high in the primary dentition, being independent of the chronological age of each @entity1 . Spacing was more frequent in males than in females. The presence or absence of spacing was not directly related to @entity432 except in cases of posterior cross-bite, where it was less frequently, and open-bites, in which spaces appeared more often than usual. CONCLUSION: Spaces in the primary dentition were very common among the population studied and more frequent in male @entity1 than in females. Primate spaces were more frequent at the earliest ages, but chronological age had no influence on the presence of interincisive spacing. The lack of the spaces in the maxillary arches, typical of the primary dentition, prevailed among individuals with posterior cross-bite, contrary to what normally happens in the rest of the population.

title: Diastemas in primary dentition and their relationships to sex, age and dental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations', 'malformation']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Real-time sonoelastography is currently used for the characterization of superficial solid lesions such as thyroid and breast masses. This study evaluates the usefulness of percutaneous sonoelastography for the characterization of solid focal @entity409 . METHODS: 30 out of 43 @entity1 with 38 known @entity409 were included in a prospective, diagnostic study. Qualitative analysis (pattern of deformation, @entity96 ) and semi-quantitative measurements (strain ratio, @entity3358 percentage, histogram) were evaluated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was constructed. RESULTS: Patterns A and C-D are specific of benign lesions and @entity3 respectively. The patterns for haemangiomas, @entity4383 and @entity3 were significantly different to each other in terms of strain ratio, @entity3358 percentage and histogram (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference (p<0.001) was observed between the median values of the 3 measured parameters for benign (1.02; 12%; 47) and malignant lesions (1.66; 65%; 20.5) respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve values for strain ratio, @entity3358 percentage and histogram were 0.88, 0.89, and 0.86 respectively for cut-off values of 1.2, 45, and 30. CONCLUSIONS: By percutaneous sonoelastography it is possible to differentiate benign versus malignant focal @entity409 , @entity3 in particular, with good diagnostic performance.

title: Percutaneous real-time sonoelastography as a non-invasive tool for the characterization of solid focal XXXX : A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['elasticity type of liver tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver lesions']


abstract: Since 1974, a concerted effort has been made to identify and biopsy all @entity3243 in @entity1 presenting with @entity459 . From 1974 until July 1982, 247 @entity1 had initial cervical exploration for @entity459 . The percentage of @entity1 in whom four or more glands were identified rose from 53 per cent in 1974 to as high as 88 per cent, with a mean of 80 per cent during the 8.5-year period. Ectopic location, prior thyroid surgery, and detrimental effects of prolonging surgery in some @entity1 are reasons precluding localization of all glands in every @entity1 . The percentage of biopsies positive for parathyroid tissue rose from 78 per cent in 1974 to 94 per cent in 1982. Routine biopsy of all glands provided the following results of classification in the 247 cases: @entity652 , 56 per cent; @entity1373 , 18 per cent; @entity4383 , 24 per cent; @entity189 , 0.8 per cent; and in three cases, four normal glands were identified. The one major complication was a case of temporary bilateral recurrent @entity3746 . Mean follow-up period is 3 years. There was no case of permanent @entity3747 and no operative deaths. Persistence and recurrence rates are 4.9 per cent and 0.4 per cent, respectively. Four of the @entity1 with persistence and the one @entity1 with recurrence have required reexploration. All but one of these was considered cured by reoperation. Eight of the 12 @entity1 with initial persistent @entity2741 postoperatively have been managed conservatively. These results suggest routine attempts to identify and biopsy all glands can be performed with minimal risk and complications and without permanent @entity3747 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The role of routine biopsy of all @entity3243 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid glands']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Since 1974, a concerted effort has been made to identify and biopsy all @entity3243 in @entity1 presenting with @entity459 . From 1974 until July 1982, 247 @entity1 had initial cervical exploration for @entity459 . The percentage of @entity1 in whom four or more glands were identified rose from 53 per cent in 1974 to as high as 88 per cent, with a mean of 80 per cent during the 8.5-year period. Ectopic location, prior thyroid surgery, and detrimental effects of prolonging surgery in some @entity1 are reasons precluding localization of all glands in every @entity1 . The percentage of biopsies positive for parathyroid tissue rose from 78 per cent in 1974 to 94 per cent in 1982. Routine biopsy of all glands provided the following results of classification in the 247 cases: @entity652 , 56 per cent; @entity1373 , 18 per cent; @entity4383 , 24 per cent; @entity189 , 0.8 per cent; and in three cases, four normal glands were identified. The one major complication was a case of temporary bilateral recurrent @entity3746 . Mean follow-up period is 3 years. There was no case of permanent @entity3747 and no operative deaths. Persistence and recurrence rates are 4.9 per cent and 0.4 per cent, respectively. Four of the @entity1 with persistence and the one @entity1 with recurrence have required reexploration. All but one of these was considered cured by reoperation. Eight of the 12 @entity1 with initial persistent @entity2741 postoperatively have been managed conservatively. These results suggest routine attempts to identify and biopsy all glands can be performed with minimal risk and complications and without permanent @entity3747 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The role of routine biopsy of all XXXX in @entity459 .

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid glands']


abstract: Counselling was made a statutory requirement for clinics providing assisted reproduction services as a result of the concern raised that these treatments would raise uniquely challenging emotional and ethical problems for @entity1 . Before the @entity1 Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990, few counsellors specialized in this field and there were no standards for their training or experience. In the intervening years considerable progress has been made in these areas. The research evidence, which informs their practice concerning the impact of @entity249 and its treatment, has also grown very substantially. There is now a reasonable consensus about the broad nature of the emotional and psychological sequelae, although many unexplored questions remain. In addition, the literature providing evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of counselling in other areas has developed in both quantity and sophistication. Counsellors are often well-placed to work with @entity1 groups and also with the multidisciplinary assisted conception team itself on the very difficult psychosocial and ethical issues faced in practice. The sophisticated research in these fields has not yet been done in the context of @entity249 ; it is therefore necessary to extrapolate from other fields, especially in mental health practice. This article will argue that there is now ample evidence to support the decisions made by legislators in requiring counselling to be available to @entity1 in assisted conception units. The @entity249 counselling profession is in a position to begin contributing to the generation of research relevant to this field.

title: Counselling--its role in the XXXX team.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: @entity844 synthetase was isolated from the Harderian gland of @entity840 . The @entity1718 synthesized by the purified enzyme were analyzed by mass fragmentography. The purified enzyme had an inherent capacity to utilize @entity72829 and synthesize @entity72844 . Physicochemical studies indicated that an active enzyme was a dimer, consisted of two subunits of Mr = 2.5 X 10(5). The negatively stained enzyme had an electron micrographic image of an ellipsoidal contour with a continuous middle cleft along the major @entity2270 . The major and minor axes were approximately equal to 220 and 150 A, respectively. In a dimer, the subunit had a rod-like structure about 220 A long and 50 A wide. The enzyme was inactivated and dissociated into subunits by incubation at 0 degree C. The inactivated enzyme was fully reactivated by raising the temperature of the solution. The relationship between the quaternary structure of the enzyme and the occurrence of enzymatic activity was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography. Neither active monomers nor inactive dimers were found in inactivation and reactivation processes. The initial velocity of reactivation was proportional to the enzyme concentration over a concentration range of 160-800 micrograms/ml, indicating that the rate-determining step in the reactivation reaction was unimolecular.

title: The quaternary structure and activity of newly purified XXXX synthetase from the Harderian gland of @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity72844 :: ('CHEBI:62499', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl-branched fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity72829 :: ('MESH:C015357', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmalonyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: @entity844 synthetase was isolated from the Harderian gland of @entity840 . The @entity1718 synthesized by the purified enzyme were analyzed by mass fragmentography. The purified enzyme had an inherent capacity to utilize @entity72829 and synthesize @entity72844 . Physicochemical studies indicated that an active enzyme was a dimer, consisted of two subunits of Mr = 2.5 X 10(5). The negatively stained enzyme had an electron micrographic image of an ellipsoidal contour with a continuous middle cleft along the major @entity2270 . The major and minor axes were approximately equal to 220 and 150 A, respectively. In a dimer, the subunit had a rod-like structure about 220 A long and 50 A wide. The enzyme was inactivated and dissociated into subunits by incubation at 0 degree C. The inactivated enzyme was fully reactivated by raising the temperature of the solution. The relationship between the quaternary structure of the enzyme and the occurrence of enzymatic activity was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography. Neither active monomers nor inactive dimers were found in inactivation and reactivation processes. The initial velocity of reactivation was proportional to the enzyme concentration over a concentration range of 160-800 micrograms/ml, indicating that the rate-determining step in the reactivation reaction was unimolecular.

title: The quaternary structure and activity of newly purified @entity844 synthetase from the Harderian gland of XXXX .

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine performance of thoraco-lumbar (TL) spinal radiology in @entity1 with blunt @entity130 is controversial. @entity1 AND METHODS: To establish indications for radiologic screening of the TL spine, a retrospective review of 344 @entity1 who had radiologic evaluation of the spine was performed. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 had abnormalities detected on radiologic evaluation. One hundred eighty-six @entity1 had at least one clinical finding suggestive of injury. Thirty-two had abnormal radiographs. Thirteen of these abnormalities represented old or minor @entity174 and were not treated. Nineteen @entity1 had injuries requiring treatment. Two @entity1 were treated with activity restriction, 12 with a back brace, 4 with operative fixation, and 1 @entity1 died prior to operation. Of the 129 @entity1 who were awake, alert, and without clinical evidence of injury, 10 had abnormal radiologic studies. Three @entity1 had old @entity174 , 4 had transverse process @entity174 , and 3 had spondylolisthesis. None of these @entity1 required treatment. Twenty-nine @entity1 had equivocal clinical examinations primarily due to altered levels of consciousness. Five @entity1 had abnormal radiologic studies, 3 of whom required treatment. Three factors associated with the occurrence of TL spine injury were identified: an Injury Severity Score > or = 15, a positive clinical examination, and a fall of > or = 10 feet. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity1 who are awake, alert, and with no clinical evidence of injury do not require radiologic study of the TL spine. @entity1 with equivocal or positive clinical findings or with altered levels of consciousness should have complete TL spine evaluation.

title: Evaluation of the thoracic and lumbar spine after blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The relationship between the active @entity141 -binding function of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and left ventricular (LV) relaxation was studied in various stages of chronically volume overloading @entity235 hearts induced by complete atrio-ventricular (A-V) block. Rapid kinetic measurement of the @entity141 -binding activity of SR was made using a dual-beam spectrophotometric assay procedure. LV hemodynamics, especially diastolic indexes, were evaluated by the pressure-volume relationship using a trans-epicardial echo-cardiographic technique. In this study the maximum @entity141 -binding capacity and the initial @entity141 -binding rate of SR were impaired in @entity1283 and failing hearts induced by @entity1284 . However, there was no significant difference of SR functional defect between the hypertrophied and the failing hearts. LV systolic properties were not influenced even by chronic @entity1284 . Its diastolic properties, however, were reduced with the progress of @entity1184 , and were estimated to respond more sensitively to the @entity299 compared with systolic properties. There was a close interrelation between the @entity141 -binding activity of SR on the molecular level and diastolic parameters, especially the time constant T, on the ventricular chamber level. In conclusion, the impairment of the @entity141 -binding activity of SR is a cause of @entity308 of LV diastole. However, the role of SR in the occurrence of @entity712 could not be clarified in this study.

title: Calcium-binding of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and diastolic hemodynamics in volume overloaded XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric hypertrophied hearts']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: The effect of aniso-osmotic exposure on the level of inducible cyclooxygenase ( @entity4665 ) and on prostanoid synthesis was studied in cultured @entity35 liver macrophages (Kupffer cells). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or @entity1359 -stimulated Kupffer cells, hyperosmotic (355 mosmol/l) exposure, due to addition of @entity1219 or impermeant @entity3363 , markedly increased @entity3009 (PG) E2, D2 and @entity7489 synthesis in a time- and osmolarity-dependent manner. Increased prostanoid production was observed about 8 h after exposure to LPS in hyperosmotic medium compared to Kupffer cells treated with LPS under normotonic (305 mosmol/l) conditions. A similar stimulatory effect of @entity1602 on @entity1421 production was also seen when @entity3899 was added exogenously. Hyperosmotic stimulation of @entity1421 production was accompanied by a strong induction of @entity4665 mRNA levels and an increase in immunoreactive @entity4665 , whereas the levels of immunoreactive phospholipase A2 and @entity25883 did not change significantly. @entity619 , @entity3352 and the selective @entity4665 inhibitor, @entity8228 , abolished the hypertonicity-induced stimulation of @entity1421 formation; @entity619 also prevented the increase in @entity4665 mRNA and protein. The increase of immunoreactive @entity4665 lasted for about 24 h and was also blocked by @entity4316 or @entity1880 , but not by @entity10613 . @entity2425 or treatment with endoglucosidase H reduced the molecular mass of hypertonicity-induced @entity4665 by 5 kDa. @entity2425 treatment also suppressed the hypertonicity-induced stimulation of @entity1421 production. The @entity1602 /LPS-induced stimulation of @entity3009 formation was partly sensitive to protein kinase C inhibition but was not accompanied by an increase in the cytosolic free @entity141 concentration. The data suggest that osmolarity may be a critical factor in the regulation of @entity4665 expression and prostanoid production in activated @entity35 liver macrophages.

title: XXXX stimulates @entity3009 synthesis and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in activated @entity35 liver macrophages.

entities_list: @entity10613 :: ('MESH:D020126', 'Chemical') :: ['brefeldin A']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity2425 :: ('MESH:D014415', 'Chemical') :: ['Tunicamycin']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperosmolarity']

answer: @entity1602 :: (MESH:D006944,Disease) :: ['Hyperosmolarity']


abstract: The effect of aniso-osmotic exposure on the level of inducible cyclooxygenase ( @entity4665 ) and on prostanoid synthesis was studied in cultured @entity35 liver macrophages (Kupffer cells). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or @entity1359 -stimulated Kupffer cells, hyperosmotic (355 mosmol/l) exposure, due to addition of @entity1219 or impermeant @entity3363 , markedly increased @entity3009 (PG) E2, D2 and @entity7489 synthesis in a time- and osmolarity-dependent manner. Increased prostanoid production was observed about 8 h after exposure to LPS in hyperosmotic medium compared to Kupffer cells treated with LPS under normotonic (305 mosmol/l) conditions. A similar stimulatory effect of @entity1602 on @entity1421 production was also seen when @entity3899 was added exogenously. Hyperosmotic stimulation of @entity1421 production was accompanied by a strong induction of @entity4665 mRNA levels and an increase in immunoreactive @entity4665 , whereas the levels of immunoreactive phospholipase A2 and @entity25883 did not change significantly. @entity619 , @entity3352 and the selective @entity4665 inhibitor, @entity8228 , abolished the hypertonicity-induced stimulation of @entity1421 formation; @entity619 also prevented the increase in @entity4665 mRNA and protein. The increase of immunoreactive @entity4665 lasted for about 24 h and was also blocked by @entity4316 or @entity1880 , but not by @entity10613 . @entity2425 or treatment with endoglucosidase H reduced the molecular mass of hypertonicity-induced @entity4665 by 5 kDa. @entity2425 treatment also suppressed the hypertonicity-induced stimulation of @entity1421 production. The @entity1602 /LPS-induced stimulation of @entity3009 formation was partly sensitive to protein kinase C inhibition but was not accompanied by an increase in the cytosolic free @entity141 concentration. The data suggest that osmolarity may be a critical factor in the regulation of @entity4665 expression and prostanoid production in activated @entity35 liver macrophages.

title: @entity1602 stimulates XXXX synthesis and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in activated @entity35 liver macrophages.

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: The effect of aniso-osmotic exposure on the level of inducible cyclooxygenase ( @entity4665 ) and on prostanoid synthesis was studied in cultured @entity35 liver macrophages (Kupffer cells). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or @entity1359 -stimulated Kupffer cells, hyperosmotic (355 mosmol/l) exposure, due to addition of @entity1219 or impermeant @entity3363 , markedly increased @entity3009 (PG) E2, D2 and @entity7489 synthesis in a time- and osmolarity-dependent manner. Increased prostanoid production was observed about 8 h after exposure to LPS in hyperosmotic medium compared to Kupffer cells treated with LPS under normotonic (305 mosmol/l) conditions. A similar stimulatory effect of @entity1602 on @entity1421 production was also seen when @entity3899 was added exogenously. Hyperosmotic stimulation of @entity1421 production was accompanied by a strong induction of @entity4665 mRNA levels and an increase in immunoreactive @entity4665 , whereas the levels of immunoreactive phospholipase A2 and @entity25883 did not change significantly. @entity619 , @entity3352 and the selective @entity4665 inhibitor, @entity8228 , abolished the hypertonicity-induced stimulation of @entity1421 formation; @entity619 also prevented the increase in @entity4665 mRNA and protein. The increase of immunoreactive @entity4665 lasted for about 24 h and was also blocked by @entity4316 or @entity1880 , but not by @entity10613 . @entity2425 or treatment with endoglucosidase H reduced the molecular mass of hypertonicity-induced @entity4665 by 5 kDa. @entity2425 treatment also suppressed the hypertonicity-induced stimulation of @entity1421 production. The @entity1602 /LPS-induced stimulation of @entity3009 formation was partly sensitive to protein kinase C inhibition but was not accompanied by an increase in the cytosolic free @entity141 concentration. The data suggest that osmolarity may be a critical factor in the regulation of @entity4665 expression and prostanoid production in activated @entity35 liver macrophages.

title: @entity1602 stimulates @entity3009 synthesis and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in activated XXXX liver macrophages.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Records of 231 @entity1 (171 males, 60 females; aged 10 months to 83 years [median 45 years]) who underwent operation for @entity3822 at the Mayo Clinic from 1936 through 1982 were reviewed. All had had hemodynamically significant pericardial constriction preoperatively, and @entity66 was confirmed at operation. Preoperatively, 69% were in New York Heart Association Class III or IV and 81% had peripheral @entity4 or @entity843 . Pericardiectomy was performed through a left anterolateral thoracotomy (34%), a median sternotomy (27%), a U incision (Harrington) (21%), or a bilateral anterior thoracotomy (18%). Postoperatively, 28% of @entity1 had evidence of @entity998 ; 70% of the 32 @entity204 within 30 days of operation were due to @entity998 . Operative risk was significantly (p less than 0.001) related to @entity717 (1% for Class I or II; 10% for class III; 46% for Class IV). Median postoperative follow-up was 9 years (longest was 43 years). Probability of survival for @entity1 dismissed alive from the hospital was 84% at 5 years, 71% at 15 years, and 52% at 30 years. Long-term survival (excluding operative mortality) was not significantly influenced by the disability class preoperatively, the operative approach, or the development of @entity998 in the immediate postoperative period. At the end of the follow-up interval, there were 141 @entity1 in whom functional capacity could be assessed; 140 were in Class I or II. We conclude that a poor hemodynamic result after complete pericardiectomy relates to the preoperative degree of constriction and resultant @entity296 . We recommend early pericardiectomy when pericardial constriction is diagnosed, and we continue to use a left anterolateral thoracotomy as the preferred approach for most @entity1 .

title: Early and late results of pericardiectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial disease']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative disability']

answer: @entity3822 :: (MESH:D010494,Disease) :: ['constrictive pericarditis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1744 in @entity5 is a common problem, requiring stoma placement to decompress the colon and permit neo-adjuvant treatment. The majority of @entity1 operated on in our hospital are referred; after stoma placement at the referring centre without overseeing final type of surgery. Stoma malpositioning and its effects on @entity5 care are described. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent surgery for locally advanced or locally recurrent @entity5 between 2000 and 2013 in our tertiary referral centre were reviewed and included if they received a stoma before curative surgery. @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 were only included if the stomas from the primary surgery had been restored. The main outcome measures are stoma malpositioning, postoperative and @entity532 . RESULTS: A total of 726 @entity1 were included; of these, 156 @entity1 (21%) had a stoma before curative surgery. In the majority of @entity1 , acute or pending @entity1744 was the main indication for emergent stoma creation; some of the @entity1 had @entity5 -related fistulae. In 53 @entity1 (34%), the stoma required revision during definitive surgery. No significant differences were found regarding postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: One-third of the previously placed emergency stomas were considered to be located inappropriately and required revision. We were able to avoid increased complication rates in @entity1 with a malpositioned stoma, however unnecessary surgery for an inappropriately placed stoma should be avoided to decrease @entity1 inconvenience and risks. An algorithm is proposed for the placement of a suitable stoma.

title: Stoma placement in obstructive XXXX prior to neo-adjuvant treatment and definitive surgery: A practical guideline.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['stoma-related complications']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['large bowel obstruction', 'Mechanical bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite the low local @entity137 of the used agents, @entity900 -based chemotherapy (CBP) for @entity1 with @entity2969 ( @entity2969 ) is mostly delivered via a @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). Since 2008, CBP is given peripherally in our hospital. METHODS: Medical reports of @entity2969 @entity1 who received CBP between September 1991 and August 2014 were evaluated. Complications regarding the way of administration ( @entity1211 vs. peripheral venous catheter [PVC]) were classified according to the Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events. The complication rates were compared using chi square test and propensity score matching. RESULTS: During 288 cycles in 109 @entity1 , 85 complications (29.5%) were observed with similar rates for overall (PVC 31.3%, @entity1211 29.9%; p = 0.820) and grade I complications (21.3%, 25.4%; p = 0.470). More grade II complications were observed in the PVC group (10.0 vs. 1.5%; p < 0.001). @entity532 requiring invasive treatment were found only in the @entity1211 group (3.0%; p = 0.120). Using propensity score matching, no differences in overall (p = 0.950), grade I (p = 0.540) and grades II/III (p = 0.590) complications were seen. CONCLUSION: The peripheral and central administration of CBP has similar overall complication rates. Despite more grade II complications, the peripheral administration of CBP is a safe alternative for @entity2969 @entity1 . Additionally, no severe @entity532 occurred.

title: XXXX -Based Chemotherapy for Testicular Germ Cell Tumors: Complication Rates of Peripheral versus Central Venous Administration.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['grade III complications', 'Grade III complications']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['testicular germ cell tumors', 'TGCT']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['CVA', 'central venous access']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: This report concerns 34 @entity1 of @entity31 admitted to Taichung Veterans General Hospital, from 1983 to 1994. Among them 26 were male and 8 were female. The age at onset were mostly from 50 to 60. The average duration between onset of symptoms and the date of definite diagnosis was 10 months. The most common presenting symptom was bloody @entity294 (64.7%). Most of our @entity1 were in the moderately severe group of disease (67.6%), according to the severity defined by Truelove and Witts. The most frequent endoscopic findings of mucosa was classified as Grade III (38.2). Descending colon (91.2), rectum (85.3%), and sigmoid colon (88.2%) were the most frequently involved areas. The major clinical course were chronic intermittent and chronic continuous type (55.9%). Extraintestinal manifestations were found in 2 cases: one was found in the skin, and the other in the joint, respectively. Treatment of @entity31 in our series was mainly medical (91.2%). However, 3 @entity1 received emergent surgical intervention, and 10 @entity1 finally underwent operation because of major complications or failure to respond to medical treatment.

title: [ XXXX in Taichung Veterans General Hospital: a clinical study].

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['Ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk stratification of @entity1164 in @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) is mainly based on evaluations from @entity1 at highly specialized centers. AIM: To evaluate risk markers for appropriate @entity737 ( @entity737 ) therapy in an unselected, nationwide cohort of @entity1121 . METHODS: @entity1 with an @entity737 due to @entity1121 were identified from the Swedish @entity737 Registry since its start in 1995, merged with @entity1 Register data, and medical records were retrieved. Risk markers for @entity943 leading to appropriate @entity737 therapy were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard ratio (HR). RESULTS: Of 321 @entity1 (70.1% males), at least one appropriate therapy occurred in 77 (24.0%) during a mean follow-up of 5.4 years (5.3% per year; primary prevention 4.5%, secondary prevention 7.0%). Cumulative incidences at 1, 3, and 5 years were 8.1%, 15.3%, and 21.3% respectively. Cardioversion effectively restored rhythm in 52% of the first episode and antitachycardia pacing was sufficient in the remaining. For the whole cohort, ejection fraction (EF)<50% (HR 2.63; p<0.001), was associated with appropriate @entity737 therapy. In primary prevention, @entity1 with established risk markers experienced appropriate therapy; @entity955 (HR 2.54; p = 0.010), EF<50% (HR 2.78; p = 0.004), and nonsustained @entity1165 (HR 1.80; p = 0.109), had the highest HR, and wall thickness >= 30mm, syncope, exercise blood pressure response, or family history of @entity1164 had weaker associations. CONCLUSION: @entity737 therapy successfully terminates @entity943 in @entity1121 . In addition to conventional risk markers, a history of @entity955 or EF<50% may be considered in risk stratification. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Risk Markers and Appropriate Implantable Defibrillator Therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of preoperative pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in @entity1 with @entity472 ( @entity472 ) evaluated for @entity886 ( @entity886 ), and to evaluate the association between @entity358 and mortality in specific subgroups. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2013, 535 @entity1 with preoperative PFTs underwent @entity886 (transcatheter @entity886 [TAVR], n  =  246; surgical @entity886 [SAVR], n  =  289). The severity of @entity358 determined by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) definition was evaluated in those with and without a clinical suspicion for @entity358 (smoking, inhaled @entity230 /bronchodilators, or home @entity26 ). The association between @entity358 and 1-year mortality was evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 186 @entity1 (35%) without suspected @entity358 , 39 (21%) had  moderate/severe @entity358 by PFT analysis. Among all @entity1 , 1-year mortality was 12% in those with no @entity358 , 17% in those with no mild @entity358 , 22% in those with moderate @entity358 , and 31% in those with severe @entity358 (P  <  .001, log-rank test). After adjustment, moderate/severe @entity358 was associated with increased 1-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-3.29; P  =  .002); this association was not altered by smoking history, suspicion of @entity358 , New York Heart Association class, or @entity886 type (interaction P value nonsignificant for all). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity472 evaluated for @entity886 , the STS risk score is significantly influenced by the severity of @entity358 , which is determined predominantly by PFT results. Even when @entity358 is not suspected, PFTs are abnormal in many @entity1 undergoing @entity886 . Moderate/severe @entity358 , diagnosed predominantly by PFTs, is an independent predictor of mortality after SAVR or TAVR. Collectively, these findings suggest that PFTs should be a routine part of the risk stratification of @entity1 considered for @entity886 .

title: Preoperative pulmonary function tests predict mortality after surgical or transcatheter XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['AVR', 'aortic valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve replacement']


abstract: AIM: To assess the outcome of @entity1 undergoing bilateral adrenalectomy for @entity699 ( @entity699 ). METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for @entity699 at the Department of Endocrine Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences hospital between 1991 and 2013 were included. Medical records were reviewed to obtain @entity1 characteristics and follow-up data. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were studied. Mean age was 28.74    12.95 years (range 9-60), male:female ratio was 1.7:1. About half that is, 48.19% were of @entity699 (failed @entity18184 [ @entity18184 ]), 37.04% were of ectopic @entity699 (ECS), and 14.81% were of @entity699 due to bilateral adrenal pathology. Median follow-up period was 80.5 months. Before surgery, 74.1% @entity1 had body mass index > which after surgery declined to <25 in 75% of them. @entity101 was present in 85.2% and after surgery resolved in 40%. @entity6 was present in 44.4% and after surgery resolved in 33% of them. @entity3427 and proximal @entity425 were present in 55.6% and 70.4% @entity1 , respectively, and after surgery improved markedly in all @entity1 . @entity774 developed in 36.3% and @entity2014 in 41.7% @entity1 during follow-up. Three @entity1 died in perioperative period while three succumbed to the disease during follow-up. Two @entity1 developed recurrence of endogenous @entity701 production during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral adrenalectomy is a valid treatment option for palliating severe symptoms in Pituitary Cushing's with failed @entity18184 and unlocalized ECS but the procedure is curative for @entity699 due to bilateral @entity550 . Overall morbidity and mortality is higher than other endocrine operations. Co-morbidities tend to be more severe and are a risk factor for mortality during the time @entity1 survives.

title: Bilateral adrenalectomy for XXXX : Pros and cons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CS', "Cushing's disease", "Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2014 :: ('MESH:D009347', 'Disease') :: ["Nelson's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity18184 :: ('MESH:D015524', 'Disease') :: ['trans-sphenoidal surgery', 'TSS']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['Hirsutism']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal crisis']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Newborn @entity1 undergoing intensive care are at risk of bleeding and @entity715 . Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is used in hope of preventing these complications, despite poorly defined effects on the coagulation system and lack of proven clinical efficacy. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated @entity1003 and the effect of standardized amount of FFP transfusion (10 mL kg-1 + 4 mL in 2 h) on various coagulation markers in 33 newborn @entity1 during the first 24 h of intensive care. RESULTS: Increased levels of prothrombin fragment @entity6343 , @entity10647 ( @entity10647 ), and d-dimer were found prior to the transfusion in 97%, 81%, and 100% of the @entity1 , respectively. FFP transfusion was associated with a decrease in @entity6343 level in 26/32 (81%) of the @entity1 . The extent of @entity6343 decrease correlated with the pretransfusion @entity6343 level (R = 0.65, P < 0.0001). The @entity1 series was divided into two groups according to increasing pretransfusional @entity6343 level: Group 1 (preFFP @entity6343 > or = 2.35 nm, n = 16), Group 2 ( @entity6343 <2.35 nm, n = 16). In Group 1, @entity6343 decreased on average 1.58 nm (P < 0.01) from the baseline during FFP transfusion but no significant change in the level of @entity6343 during the transfusion was observed in Group 2. Pretransfusional levels of individual factors or prothrombin time (PT) did not correlate with the FFP-associated decrease in @entity6343 level. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity1 with the highest pretransfusional thrombin formation, FFP had an acute thrombin-reducing effect. Pretransfusion thrombin generation markers, rather than PT or individual pro- and anticoagulants, may be helpful in identifying the @entity1 who will have measurable coagulational effects induced by FFP.

title: Fresh frozen plasma reduces thrombin formation in newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity10647 :: ('MESH:D020152', 'Disease') :: ['TAT', 'thrombin-antithrombin complexes']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: There is a growing concern about elderly @entity6342 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment and clinical outcomes following minimal invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) with the proximal humeral internal locking system (PHILOS) for the treatment of elderly valgus impacted @entity6342 . Between May 2008 and May 2012, 27 @entity1 (average age 67.3, range 61-74) with @entity6342 were enrolled in the study. The @entity1 were treated with MIPPO using PHILOS-plate through the anterolateral delta-splitting approach. Rehabilitation exercises were done gradually. The NEER score and Constant-Murley score were used to evaluate shoulder function. All the @entity1 were followed up by routine radiological imaging and clinical examination. There were 15 cases of II-part greater tuberosity @entity174 , 10 cases of III-part greater tuberosity @entity174 , and 2 cases of IV-part @entity174 according to the NEER classification. The surgery was successful in all @entity1 with an average follow-up of 20.8 (range: 11-34) months. The @entity174 united in an average of 7.2 (6-14) weeks without implant loosening. According to NEER score, there were 17 excellent, 7 satisfactory, 2 unsatisfactory, and 1 poor. The mean Constant-Murley score was 89.4    4.35. No complication including @entity16 , @entity281 , @entity11942 , or @entity204 was observed. In conclusion, the MIPPO technique with the PHILOS through the anterolateral delta-splitting approach seems to be a safe and easy treatment for elderly @entity6342 . A case-control study and longer follow-up time are needed.

title: Minimal Invasive Percutaneous Osteosynthesis for Elderly XXXX with the PHILOS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['axillary nerve damage, postoperative nerve or vessel damage']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fracture', 'valgus impacted proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['Valgus Impacted Proximal Humeral Fractures']


abstract: Computer simulations have been used frequently in the life sciences to investigate the mechanisms of morphologic pattern formation. The cellular automaton program SMN5 is designed to simulate @entity5 growth and to estimate biologic properties by comparing real @entity5 patterns with computer-simulated reference patterns. This method was applied to 195 cases of primary @entity320 . S-100-stained sections were evaluated by image analysis and compared statistically to a reference set of 4000 simulated patterns. Estimates of @entity5 cell proliferation, motility, cell loss, cohesion, stroma destruction, and intercellular signals (autocrine and paracrine factors affecting growth, motility, and cell loss) were calculated. Twelve of 18 estimated parameters correlated significantly with @entity5 progression, as indicated by vertical @entity5 thickness (linear regression analysis: p < or = 0.05), and 13 of 18 parameters carried prognostic significance (log rank test: p < or = 0.05). Poor prognosis was associated particularly with a pronounced increase in the estimates of proliferation, @entity5 cell motility, and stromal degradation. Poor prognosis was also associated with a decrease in the estimates of cell loss, @entity5 cell cohesion, and paracrine growth factor dependence. In multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model, stromal degradation and motility showed prognostic information in addition to conventional prognostic parameters. The study shows that analytical @entity5 with computer-simulated patterns of a cellular automaton facilitates a functional interpretation of @entity5 morphology, which carries prognostic significance in @entity320 .

title: Computer simulations of histologic patterns in XXXX using a cellular automaton provide correlations with prognosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'comparison of real tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma of the skin', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Many @entity5 and immortal cells exhibit telomerase activity that stabilizes telomere lengths, possibly contributing to cell immortality and @entity105 . The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinicopathological relationship between telomerase activity and telomerase reverse transcriptase subunit ( @entity2215 ) status in @entity1149 . @entity2215 status in @entity1149 using telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) and RT-PCR assay, respectively. Telomerase activity and @entity2215 were detected in 85.7 and 80.3% of cancerous tissues, respectively. Telomerase activity does not correlate with clinicopathological variables. However, there was an association between @entity876 -correlated expression and @entity2215 negative status. @entity2 @entity1 without telomerase activity survived for a significantly longer period than those with telomerase activity. In addition, @entity2215 was not associated with the prognosis. @entity2215 expression did not correlate well with any clinical parameter. Reactivated telomerase activity may be a poor prognostic factor in NSCLCs.

title: Loss of telomerase activity may be a potential favorable prognostic marker in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung carcinomas']