abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze immediate and long-term results of @entity384 for @entity1498 in a three-center experience in Mexico, and to determine factors associated with increased risk. BACKGROUND: Results demonstrated that the procedure is effective and safe, however its use in some groups is still controversial, specially in neonates and @entity1 . METHODS: In a ten-year period, 333 @entity1 with @entity1498 on underwent @entity384 with an immediate success rate of 93.7% and a major complication incidence of 1.8%. Of the total cohort, 272 @entity1 were followed for a period of 24.3 +/- 20 months. Demographic and procedural data were analyzed to determine factors related to a poor outcome or to sustained @entity101 . RESULTS: Cox regression analysis found age (risk ratio 3.42 p = 0.0001), @entity509 (risk ratio 4.64, p < 0.0001), and post-dilation gradient (risk ratio 2.19, p = 0.0113) as independent risk factors for a follow-up event, mainly restenosis. Age at dilation was the only independent factor related to sustained @entity101 with a seven-fold increase in the risk. CONCLUSIONS: Balloon dilation is an effective and safe alternative to treat @entity1498 . @entity1 younger than one year of age, with severe @entity509 and a post-dilation gradient > 20 mmHg have the highest risk to develop an event in the follow-up period. When the dilation procedure is performed in @entity1 older than 10 years of age, and specially those older than 20 years, the probability that they remain or develop @entity101 is increase.

title: Balloon angioplasty in XXXX : a multicentric study in Mexico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['isthmic hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increased incidence of @entity5 after solid organ transplantation is well established in the literature, yet outcome studies in this population are rare. Excluding @entity1489 , @entity957 make up most @entity135 in transplant recipients. METHODS: At our institution, of 5300 solid organ transplant recipients, 34 have had @entity135 develop. We reviewed the records of the 23 recipients whose @entity5 was treated here. RESULTS: Only 6 of the 23 recipients were alive at the time of our chart review. Of these, three had already survived 5 years. The 10 recipients diagnosed early (stage I or II) had significantly longer survival after @entity5 diagnosis than the 13 diagnosed at an advanced stage (stage III or IV) (96.0 mo vs 9.0 mo, p <.001). In all, 14 (60.8%) of the 23 recipients died of @entity5 within 2 years after diagnosis, 12 (50.2%) within 12 months. The sum of the daily doses of immunosuppressive drugs at @entity5 diagnosis was significantly greater for recipients who died within 2 years (p =.02). Furthermore, the difference in average doses of both @entity229 (p =.001) and @entity500 (p =.028) was also significantly greater for those who died within 2 years. The average dose of @entity205 was also greater, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p =.18). The average dose of @entity229 was significantly lower for recipients diagnosed early (p =.001). This correlation between high immunosuppressive drug doses and worse outcome has not been shown previously. CONCLUSIONS: Solid organ transplant recipients who are diagnosed with advanced @entity135 while receiving high doses of immunosuppressive drugs fare extremely poorly. High doses of immunosuppressive drugs, most notably @entity229 , correlate significantly with advanced diagnosis of @entity135 and @entity204 .

title: XXXX of the @entity135 in solid organ transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['earlier death']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increased incidence of @entity5 after solid organ transplantation is well established in the literature, yet outcome studies in this population are rare. Excluding @entity1489 , @entity957 make up most @entity135 in transplant recipients. METHODS: At our institution, of 5300 solid organ transplant recipients, 34 have had @entity135 develop. We reviewed the records of the 23 recipients whose @entity5 was treated here. RESULTS: Only 6 of the 23 recipients were alive at the time of our chart review. Of these, three had already survived 5 years. The 10 recipients diagnosed early (stage I or II) had significantly longer survival after @entity5 diagnosis than the 13 diagnosed at an advanced stage (stage III or IV) (96.0 mo vs 9.0 mo, p <.001). In all, 14 (60.8%) of the 23 recipients died of @entity5 within 2 years after diagnosis, 12 (50.2%) within 12 months. The sum of the daily doses of immunosuppressive drugs at @entity5 diagnosis was significantly greater for recipients who died within 2 years (p =.02). Furthermore, the difference in average doses of both @entity229 (p =.001) and @entity500 (p =.028) was also significantly greater for those who died within 2 years. The average dose of @entity205 was also greater, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p =.18). The average dose of @entity229 was significantly lower for recipients diagnosed early (p =.001). This correlation between high immunosuppressive drug doses and worse outcome has not been shown previously. CONCLUSIONS: Solid organ transplant recipients who are diagnosed with advanced @entity135 while receiving high doses of immunosuppressive drugs fare extremely poorly. High doses of immunosuppressive drugs, most notably @entity229 , correlate significantly with advanced diagnosis of @entity135 and @entity204 .

title: @entity957 of the XXXX in solid organ transplant recipients.

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess predictors of mortality and @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1906 treated at 12 university hospitals in @entity233 between 1985 and 1997 were evaluated using a standardised protocol applied retrospectively. Variables associated with hospital mortality as well as with the presence of @entity16 at 6 months were determined using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Four hundred and thirty-four @entity1 between the ages of 13 and 83 years (mean 33 years) were evaluated. Sixty-eight per cent of these @entity1 presented with Medical Research Council Stage II or III. One hundred and one @entity1 (23.3%) died and 67 (27%) of evaluable survivors had @entity16 . In multi-variable analysis, @entity410 ( @entity40489 , 95%CI 1.2-9.0, P = 0.02), @entity1032 (OR 6.0, 95%CI 3.6-10.2, P = 0.01), and delayed or interrupted treatment (OR 5.1, 95%CI 2.4-11.2, P = 0.01) were shown to be predictors for mortality. The presence of @entity1906 ( @entity3122 , 95%CI 1.1-4.2, P = 0.035), @entity129 (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.4-4.2, P = 0.01), hemiparesia/focal weakness ( @entity63096 , 95%CI 3.8-22.6, P = 0.01), @entity1158 /multiple @entity51 ( @entity33470 , 95%CI 2.14-23.38, P = 0.01) and drowsiness (OR 4.2, 95%CI 2.04-8.82, P = 0.01) were independent predictors of @entity16 at 6 months following hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: The results of this study emphasise the importance of prompt and uninterrupted anti- @entity378 therapy for @entity1906 . The presence of @entity410 or @entity772 on admission to hospital are important predictors for mortality, while the presence of focal neurological signs is a predictor for persistent @entity16 in survivors.

title: Predictors of outcome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['comatose mental status']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis', 'extra-meningeal tuberculosis', 'TBM']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['tuberculous meningitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess predictors of mortality and @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1906 treated at 12 university hospitals in @entity233 between 1985 and 1997 were evaluated using a standardised protocol applied retrospectively. Variables associated with hospital mortality as well as with the presence of @entity16 at 6 months were determined using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Four hundred and thirty-four @entity1 between the ages of 13 and 83 years (mean 33 years) were evaluated. Sixty-eight per cent of these @entity1 presented with Medical Research Council Stage II or III. One hundred and one @entity1 (23.3%) died and 67 (27%) of evaluable survivors had @entity16 . In multi-variable analysis, @entity410 ( @entity40489 , 95%CI 1.2-9.0, P = 0.02), @entity1032 (OR 6.0, 95%CI 3.6-10.2, P = 0.01), and delayed or interrupted treatment (OR 5.1, 95%CI 2.4-11.2, P = 0.01) were shown to be predictors for mortality. The presence of @entity1906 ( @entity3122 , 95%CI 1.1-4.2, P = 0.035), @entity129 (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.4-4.2, P = 0.01), hemiparesia/focal weakness ( @entity63096 , 95%CI 3.8-22.6, P = 0.01), @entity1158 /multiple @entity51 ( @entity33470 , 95%CI 2.14-23.38, P = 0.01) and drowsiness (OR 4.2, 95%CI 2.04-8.82, P = 0.01) were independent predictors of @entity16 at 6 months following hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: The results of this study emphasise the importance of prompt and uninterrupted anti- @entity378 therapy for @entity1906 . The presence of @entity410 or @entity772 on admission to hospital are important predictors for mortality, while the presence of focal neurological signs is a predictor for persistent @entity16 in survivors.

title: Predictors of outcome in XXXX with @entity1906 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wheezing and chest tightness is associated with @entity1729 . Thus the occurrence of @entity1729 may influence the prevalence of @entity565 . AIMS: To assess the strength of relation between two main symptoms of @entity565 and the prevalence of @entity1729 in @entity1 with and without @entity565 . METHODS: The study population was 3,796 @entity1 , four years of age, whose parents had answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and @entity565 . The prevalence of wheezing and chest tightness in the last 12 months and four weeks was estimated according to the occurrence of @entity1729 during the corresponding time periods; 95% confidence intervals of the prevalence and the statistical significance of the differences in the prevalence by using chi-square test were calculated. RESULTS: The prevalence of wheezing and chest tightness was higher in @entity1 who had experienced @entity1729 than in those who had not. The prevalence of wheezing was 17.5% among @entity1 who had experienced @entity3617 and 3.0% among @entity1 whom had not (p<0.001). The prevalence of chest tightness in the last 12 months was 3.7% (95% CI 3.1-4.1) among @entity1 without @entity565 and 59.3% (95% CI 53.4-65.2) among @entity1 with @entity565 (p<0.001). The prevalence of wheezing and chest tightness increased with increasing number of different types of @entity1729 among @entity1 without @entity565 (p<0.001) and tended to be so among @entity1 with @entity565 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for the interpretation of results from epidemiological studies using respiratory symptoms as a health-related outcome of @entity565 .

title: The effect of XXXX on reported @entity565 symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wheezing and chest tightness is associated with @entity1729 . Thus the occurrence of @entity1729 may influence the prevalence of @entity565 . AIMS: To assess the strength of relation between two main symptoms of @entity565 and the prevalence of @entity1729 in @entity1 with and without @entity565 . METHODS: The study population was 3,796 @entity1 , four years of age, whose parents had answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and @entity565 . The prevalence of wheezing and chest tightness in the last 12 months and four weeks was estimated according to the occurrence of @entity1729 during the corresponding time periods; 95% confidence intervals of the prevalence and the statistical significance of the differences in the prevalence by using chi-square test were calculated. RESULTS: The prevalence of wheezing and chest tightness was higher in @entity1 who had experienced @entity1729 than in those who had not. The prevalence of wheezing was 17.5% among @entity1 who had experienced @entity3617 and 3.0% among @entity1 whom had not (p<0.001). The prevalence of chest tightness in the last 12 months was 3.7% (95% CI 3.1-4.1) among @entity1 without @entity565 and 59.3% (95% CI 53.4-65.2) among @entity1 with @entity565 (p<0.001). The prevalence of wheezing and chest tightness increased with increasing number of different types of @entity1729 among @entity1 without @entity565 (p<0.001) and tended to be so among @entity1 with @entity565 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for the interpretation of results from epidemiological studies using respiratory symptoms as a health-related outcome of @entity565 .

title: The effect of @entity1729 on reported XXXX symptoms.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The beneficial effect of modulating an allospecific immune response by ballistic @entity58 and @entity17796 gene transfer to deliver minimalistic immunologically defined gene expression (MIDGE) vectors into the corneal epithelium was demonstrated in corneal transplantation. However, side effects reduced graft survival in control animals after ballistic transfer without DNA. METHODS: An adapter was constructed for the gene gun apparatus to enlarge and keep constant the distance between the gun and the @entity267 . @entity19 were treated by ballistic transfer of luciferase- or @entity1618 -encoding MIDGE vectors using gold particles different in quantity, size and size uniformity. Levels of protein expression were determined. Treated corneas were observed under the scanning electron microscope and immunohistologically. Three groups of Balb/c ( @entity8022 ) @entity19 received a @entity46403 (H-2 k) corneal graft and two of them had gold particles delivered into the corneal epithelium by gene gun. RESULTS: Using the gene gun and the distance piece, scanning electron microscopy did not reveal morphological differences of the corneal surface compared with untreated corneas on day 2 and 5. Sagittal histological sections of the central @entity267 did not show an invasion of macrophages 24 h after treatment. The expression of luciferase and @entity1618 was not reduced when a smaller amount of gold (0.1 mg instead of 0.5 mg) was employed. Ballistic gold treatment did not reduce graft survival. CONCLUSION: Ballistic gene transfer into the corneal epithelium allows high cytokine expression in the @entity267 without measurable side effects if an apparatus is used that is adapted for this specific purpose.

title: Minimizing side effects of ballistic gene transfer into the XXXX corneal epithelium.

entities_list: @entity46403 :: ('p|SUB|C|3|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['C3H']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: 1. Disposition kinetics of @entity21562 were studied in @entity12196 @entity22157 following intravenous and/or intramuscular injection in a single dose of 30 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the tissue distribution and residual pattern of the drug were determined in diseased @entity4186 . 2. The maximum serum concentration of @entity21562 in control healthy and infected @entity4186 was reached 1 hour after intramuscular injection but the peak concentration in control @entity4186 was higher than in infected birds. 3. The volume of distribution, total body clearance and systemic bioavailability were higher in infected @entity4186 than in control birds 5.15 l/kg, 10.24 ml/kg/min and 73.03% respectively. Data relating to intravenous injection were analysed using a 2 compartment open model curve fit. 4. @entity21562 was not detected in the serum of infected @entity4186 on the 7th day following intramuscular administration of 30 mg/kg body weight twice daily for 5 successive days but was detected in kidney, bile and liver.

title: Pharmacokinetics of XXXX in normal and Pasteurella-infected @entity22157 .

entities_list: @entity12196 :: ('MESH:D010326', 'Disease') :: ['Pasteurella-free (control) and Pasturella-infected']

entities_list: @entity21562 :: ('MESH:C035534', 'Chemical') :: ['Florfenicol', 'florfenicol']

entities_list: @entity22157 :: ('8855', 'Species') :: ['Muscovy ducks']

answer: @entity21562 :: (MESH:C035534,Chemical) :: ['florfenicol']


abstract: 1. Disposition kinetics of @entity21562 were studied in @entity12196 @entity22157 following intravenous and/or intramuscular injection in a single dose of 30 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the tissue distribution and residual pattern of the drug were determined in diseased @entity4186 . 2. The maximum serum concentration of @entity21562 in control healthy and infected @entity4186 was reached 1 hour after intramuscular injection but the peak concentration in control @entity4186 was higher than in infected birds. 3. The volume of distribution, total body clearance and systemic bioavailability were higher in infected @entity4186 than in control birds 5.15 l/kg, 10.24 ml/kg/min and 73.03% respectively. Data relating to intravenous injection were analysed using a 2 compartment open model curve fit. 4. @entity21562 was not detected in the serum of infected @entity4186 on the 7th day following intramuscular administration of 30 mg/kg body weight twice daily for 5 successive days but was detected in kidney, bile and liver.

title: Pharmacokinetics of @entity21562 in normal and Pasteurella-infected XXXX .

answer: @entity22157 :: (8855,Species) :: ['Muscovy ducks']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the extent to which changes in blood pressure, smoking, and serum @entity165 concentration explain the observed increase in socioeconomic differences in mortality from @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in Finland during the past 20 years. DESIGN: Predicted changes in mortality from @entity299 were calculated using logistic regression models with the risk factor levels assessed by cross sectional population surveys conducted in 1972, 1977, 1982, and 1987. The subjects included @entity62 workers and farmers. The predicted changes were compared with the observed mortality changes in the same socioeconomic groups in the total population of the same geographical area. SETTING: North Karelia and Kuopio provinces, eastern Finland. @entity1 : 16,741 @entity1 and 16,389 @entity1 aged 30-59 randomly drawn from the population registers of the study areas. Mortality data were obtained from the total population in the same areas. MAIN RESULTS: In @entity1 , the changes in diastolic blood pressure, total serum @entity165 , and smoking predicted a 28% decline in the mortality from @entity299 among @entity62 , a 30% decline among blue collar workers, and a 33% decline in farmers. Observed declines in the same socioeconomic groups were 61%, 40%, and 37%, respectively. In @entity1 , the predicted decline was 41% among @entity62 , 35% among blue collar workers, and 39% among farmers. The respective observed declines were 57%, 43%, and 20%. CONCLUSIONS: Less than half of the decline in @entity299 mortality among white collar @entity1 was explained by the risk factor changes, while they explained 75% of the decline among blue collar @entity1 and 89% of the decline among male farmers. Changes in risk factors did not explain the increasing difference in @entity299 mortality between the socioeconomic groups, especially among @entity1 .

title: Do changes in cardiovascular risk factors explain the increasing socioeconomic difference in mortality from XXXX in Finland?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white collar and blue collar', 'white collar workers']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: The susceptibility of three anopheline mosquitoes, Anopheles minimus Theobald, An. sinensis Wiedemann, and An. saperoi Bohart _ Ingram, from the Ryukyu Archipelago to the rodent @entity311 , @entity501 nigeriense was examined to find new vectors other than An. stephensi Liston for rodent @entity311 studies in the laboratory. The survival rate of the mosquitoes after feeding on @entity19 infected with P. y. nigeriense was also examined. The Beech strain of An. stephensi from India was compared with An. minimus from Ishigaki Island, and An. sinensis and An. saperoi from Okinawa Island. Oocysts were first found on day 3 after feeding on @entity19 infected with P. y. nigeriense in An. stephensi, on day 4 in An. minimus and An. saperoi, and day 6 in An. sinensis. From 8 to 14 d after feeding on @entity311 -positive @entity19 , oocysts were present in 97.2-100% of An. stephensi, 85.7-100% of An. saperoi, 20-74.1% of An. minimus, and 12.5-13.3% of An. sinensis. The duration of oocyst occurrence in An. saperoi was 55 d, the longest among the anopheline mosquitoes used in this study. On day 8 after feeding, sporozoites were found in the salivary glands and heads of all the mosquitoes tested. From the 10th to 16th d, sporozoites were present in the salivary glands of 14.9% (range, 9.1-28.0%) of An. minimus, 47.3% (40.7-58.1) of An. saperoi, and 96.2% (94.1-97.2) of An. stephensi, but were absent in An. sinensis. Anopheles saperoi could be an excellent vector of P. y. nigeriense because it has comparatively high susceptibility and high longevity even after feeding on infected @entity19 .

title: Susceptibility of the mosquitoes Anopheles minimus, An. sinensis, and An. saperoi (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, to the rodent @entity311 XXXX nigeriense.

entities_list: @entity501 :: ('5861', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium yoelii']

answer: @entity501 :: (5861,Species) :: ['Plasmodium yoelii']


abstract: The susceptibility of three anopheline mosquitoes, Anopheles minimus Theobald, An. sinensis Wiedemann, and An. saperoi Bohart _ Ingram, from the Ryukyu Archipelago to the rodent @entity311 , @entity501 nigeriense was examined to find new vectors other than An. stephensi Liston for rodent @entity311 studies in the laboratory. The survival rate of the mosquitoes after feeding on @entity19 infected with P. y. nigeriense was also examined. The Beech strain of An. stephensi from India was compared with An. minimus from Ishigaki Island, and An. sinensis and An. saperoi from Okinawa Island. Oocysts were first found on day 3 after feeding on @entity19 infected with P. y. nigeriense in An. stephensi, on day 4 in An. minimus and An. saperoi, and day 6 in An. sinensis. From 8 to 14 d after feeding on @entity311 -positive @entity19 , oocysts were present in 97.2-100% of An. stephensi, 85.7-100% of An. saperoi, 20-74.1% of An. minimus, and 12.5-13.3% of An. sinensis. The duration of oocyst occurrence in An. saperoi was 55 d, the longest among the anopheline mosquitoes used in this study. On day 8 after feeding, sporozoites were found in the salivary glands and heads of all the mosquitoes tested. From the 10th to 16th d, sporozoites were present in the salivary glands of 14.9% (range, 9.1-28.0%) of An. minimus, 47.3% (40.7-58.1) of An. saperoi, and 96.2% (94.1-97.2) of An. stephensi, but were absent in An. sinensis. Anopheles saperoi could be an excellent vector of P. y. nigeriense because it has comparatively high susceptibility and high longevity even after feeding on infected @entity19 .

title: Susceptibility of the mosquitoes Anopheles minimus, An. sinensis, and An. saperoi (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, to the rodent XXXX @entity501 nigeriense.

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: SETTING: The Hong Kong Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong. OBJECTIVE: To examine sex differences in the rate and clinical manifestations of @entity378 in Hong Kong. DESIGN: Notification rates of @entity378 during the past five decades were obtained from the Hong Kong Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong. In addition, all @entity1 registered with the Chest Service for treatment of @entity378 in 1996 were studied. RESULTS: The rate of @entity378 during the past five decades was consistently higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 , irrespective of age group. The sex difference in rates was highest among those aged over 60 years. In 1996, a higher proportion of @entity1 had @entity1907 than @entity1 ; the main site of involvement was the lymph nodes. More @entity1 completed treatment at 12 months and fewer @entity1 missed treatment appointments. A higher proportion of @entity1 had @entity358 that was more extensive, a history of previous default from treatment and co-morbid illnesses. CONCLUSION: There are sex differences in the rates and clinical manifestations of @entity378 in Hong Kong. Study of sex differences is essential for targeting prevention programmes at groups at higher risk.

title: Sex differences in XXXX in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['relapse pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['extra-pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the clinical features in @entity1 presenting with @entity17577 after the fifth decade and to analyze laboratory findings in comparison to @entity1596 history and clinical data. DESIGN: Prospective consecutive observational case series. METHODS: A prospective clinical analysis of 27 consecutive @entity1 older than 50 years of age with primary or recurrent @entity17577 was performed during a period of 8 years. These cases account for 12% of all @entity17577 cases irrespective of age indexed in our institution during the same period. Paired serum and @entity7462 samples were tested for anti- @entity3204 gondii IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies. The presence of @entity3204 DNA in @entity7462 was determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA hydridization method. RESULTS: Although similar in age, two groups were distinguished clinically: 12 @entity1 (44%) presented with usual forms of retinochoroiditis (mean +/- SD, 1.6 +/- 0.5 disk areas [DA] in size); 15 @entity1 (56%) presented with @entity75 , greater than 3 DA in size (mean +/- SD, 5.0 +/- 2.0 DA). The second group showed a higher rate of complications (P =.028) and a poorer visual outcome (P =.015). Twenty-four @entity1 (89%) had intraocular IgG production, 17 (63%) had intraocular IgA production, 3 (11%) had intraocular IgM production, and 12 (44%) had a positive @entity3204 DNA detection. CONCLUSIONS: After the fifth decade, @entity17577 remains an important cause of posterior @entity1596 . The combination of antibody detection by immunocapture tests with @entity3204 DNA detection, both in @entity7462 , allowed the diagnosis of toxoplasmic infection in the atypical cases with @entity3217 .

title: XXXX after the fifth decade.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['large ocular lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atypical lesions']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity17577 :: ('MESH:D014126', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma', 'T. gondii']

answer: @entity17577 :: (MESH:D014126,Disease) :: ['Ocular toxoplasmosis']


abstract: This investigation addresses the question whether @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 ( @entity191 ) show @entity51 in real-life settings. Therefore, a "search through"-locomotor task incorporating basic features of both the radial arm maze and the Morris water maze paradigms was used. The @entity1 had to find and remember five out of twenty hidden locations within a completely controlled environment. Different spatial memory errors and inter-response intervals were recorded automatically. Fourteen @entity1 with idiopathic @entity191 and fourteen healthy controls matched for age, sex, handedness, and education were investigated. @entity1 and controls were widely comparable with respect to intelligence, verbal memory, and executive functions. Results show that performance deteriorated in about half of the @entity1 if the starting position was moved by 90 degrees and the proximal cues were deleted simultaneously. This deficit was systematically related to specific measures of attention. Moreover, @entity1 were less able to update their locomotor strategies towards a more effective strategy. Results are discussed with respect to the @entity1 's inability to generate rules which can be flexibly used in changing environments, especially if proximal cues are removed. It is concluded that deficits in spatial behaviour can be elicited even in near-to-real-life situations if appropriate testing procedures are used.

title: Spatial behaviour is driven by proximal cues even in mildly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['spatial deficits']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['impaired Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: the clinical course of @entity1644 associated with craniocervical @entity66 is variable. About half of the unoperated @entity1 have benign course. This is difficult to explain on the basis of the present pathogenetic theories. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of syrinx progression better, we studied the value of syrinx size, syrinx morphology, and the syrinx/spinal cord size ratio in predicting the rate of progression and the severity of @entity602 in these @entity1 . METHODS: 103 adult @entity1 with @entity1644 associated with Chiari 1 @entity600 and/or radiographic signs of underdeveloped posterior cranial fossa were clinically and MRI examined. @entity1 were subdivided according to the type of disease progression. Severity of @entity51 , and MRI features (the extent of @entity76 , anteroposterior diameter of cavities, the spinal cord and cyst/cord ratio and the shape of cavities) were measured. RESULTS: a significant relationship was found between the mid-sagittal diameter of the syrinxes and the type of disease course; @entity1 with short duration and rapid progression had the largest diameters of cavities, whereas @entity1 with longer duration as well as with slow rate of progression had smaller diameters (chi(2)=28.90, P<0.05; chi(2)=29.89, P<0.01; r=-0.24, P<0.05). In addition, a correlation was found between the anteroposterior diameter of the spinal cord and cyst/cord ratio and the disease duration (r=0.52, P<0.05 and r=0.48, P<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: the initial years for the development of symptomatic @entity1644 associated with CCJ malformations are characterized by relatively rapid clinical progression accompanied with distended cavities. In the later periods of unoperated @entity1644 , some @entity1 show delay in the progress of syrinxes accompanied with @entity891 , probably either due to a spontaneous formation of drainage between the syrinx and the subarachnoidal space, or due to the restoration of abnormal CSF dynamics at the CCJ level.

title: Syrinx size and duration of symptoms predict the pace of progressive XXXX : retrospective analysis of 103 unoperated cases with @entity600 and @entity1644 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['junction abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['collapse of cavities']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar tonsillar displacement']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: the clinical course of @entity1644 associated with craniocervical @entity66 is variable. About half of the unoperated @entity1 have benign course. This is difficult to explain on the basis of the present pathogenetic theories. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of syrinx progression better, we studied the value of syrinx size, syrinx morphology, and the syrinx/spinal cord size ratio in predicting the rate of progression and the severity of @entity602 in these @entity1 . METHODS: 103 adult @entity1 with @entity1644 associated with Chiari 1 @entity600 and/or radiographic signs of underdeveloped posterior cranial fossa were clinically and MRI examined. @entity1 were subdivided according to the type of disease progression. Severity of @entity51 , and MRI features (the extent of @entity76 , anteroposterior diameter of cavities, the spinal cord and cyst/cord ratio and the shape of cavities) were measured. RESULTS: a significant relationship was found between the mid-sagittal diameter of the syrinxes and the type of disease course; @entity1 with short duration and rapid progression had the largest diameters of cavities, whereas @entity1 with longer duration as well as with slow rate of progression had smaller diameters (chi(2)=28.90, P<0.05; chi(2)=29.89, P<0.01; r=-0.24, P<0.05). In addition, a correlation was found between the anteroposterior diameter of the spinal cord and cyst/cord ratio and the disease duration (r=0.52, P<0.05 and r=0.48, P<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: the initial years for the development of symptomatic @entity1644 associated with CCJ malformations are characterized by relatively rapid clinical progression accompanied with distended cavities. In the later periods of unoperated @entity1644 , some @entity1 show delay in the progress of syrinxes accompanied with @entity891 , probably either due to a spontaneous formation of drainage between the syrinx and the subarachnoidal space, or due to the restoration of abnormal CSF dynamics at the CCJ level.

title: Syrinx size and duration of symptoms predict the pace of progressive @entity602 : retrospective analysis of 103 unoperated cases with @entity600 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: the clinical course of @entity1644 associated with craniocervical @entity66 is variable. About half of the unoperated @entity1 have benign course. This is difficult to explain on the basis of the present pathogenetic theories. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of syrinx progression better, we studied the value of syrinx size, syrinx morphology, and the syrinx/spinal cord size ratio in predicting the rate of progression and the severity of @entity602 in these @entity1 . METHODS: 103 adult @entity1 with @entity1644 associated with Chiari 1 @entity600 and/or radiographic signs of underdeveloped posterior cranial fossa were clinically and MRI examined. @entity1 were subdivided according to the type of disease progression. Severity of @entity51 , and MRI features (the extent of @entity76 , anteroposterior diameter of cavities, the spinal cord and cyst/cord ratio and the shape of cavities) were measured. RESULTS: a significant relationship was found between the mid-sagittal diameter of the syrinxes and the type of disease course; @entity1 with short duration and rapid progression had the largest diameters of cavities, whereas @entity1 with longer duration as well as with slow rate of progression had smaller diameters (chi(2)=28.90, P<0.05; chi(2)=29.89, P<0.01; r=-0.24, P<0.05). In addition, a correlation was found between the anteroposterior diameter of the spinal cord and cyst/cord ratio and the disease duration (r=0.52, P<0.05 and r=0.48, P<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: the initial years for the development of symptomatic @entity1644 associated with CCJ malformations are characterized by relatively rapid clinical progression accompanied with distended cavities. In the later periods of unoperated @entity1644 , some @entity1 show delay in the progress of syrinxes accompanied with @entity891 , probably either due to a spontaneous formation of drainage between the syrinx and the subarachnoidal space, or due to the restoration of abnormal CSF dynamics at the CCJ level.

title: Syrinx size and duration of symptoms predict the pace of progressive @entity602 : retrospective analysis of 103 unoperated cases with XXXX and @entity1644 .

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['craniocervical junction malformations']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate safety and efficacy of @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) creation for hepatic hydrothorax (HHyd). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 underwent @entity5273 creation for HHyd. A prospective @entity5273 database and medical records were reviewed. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were recorded as complete (symptom/effusion resolution), partial (improved symptoms/effusion), or none. Data patterns were examined with chi(2) tests and Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 included 12 @entity1 and nine @entity1 , with a mean age of 56 years, all with @entity1 class B (n = 7) or C (n = 14) disease. The technical success rate was 100%. Mean follow-up was 223 days. Twenty-nine percent (six of 21) died within 30 days of @entity5273 creation, 10% (two of 21) underwent transplantation within 30 days, and 62% (13 of 21) survived beyond 30 days. Data were incomplete in two @entity1 . Clinical response was classified as complete in 63% (12 of 19), partial in 11% (two of 19), and none in 26% (five of 19). Radiographic response was classified as complete in 30% (six of 20), partial in 50% (10 of 20), and none in 20% (four of 20). Nonresponders had @entity881 , and all but one died within 30 days. However, of the 13 @entity1 surviving longer than 30 days, 10 (77%) had a complete clinical response. CONCLUSION: @entity5273 is a relatively safe and effective method of controlling HHyd. The majority of @entity1 experienced improvement or resolution of clinical symptoms with a variable reduction in the quantity of pleural fluid. There was a tendency among nonresponders to die within 30 days.

title: Safety and efficacy of XXXX creation for the treatment of hepatic hydrothorax.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem organ failure']

answer: @entity5273 :: (MESH:C562830,Disease) :: ['transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to establish the clinical, genetic, metabolic, and immunologic risk factors for the progression of the albumin excretion rate (AER) in normoalbuminuric @entity2175 @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We recruited 108 @entity2175 @entity1 with normal AER after a @entity6 duration of 9 years to participate in a prospective 9-year follow-up. In addition to conventional clinical and metabolic variables, we assessed microvascular ( @entity989 , @entity8 , @entity16 ) and macrovascular ( @entity301 , @entity1095 ) @entity2412 , genetic markers (HLA genotypes), and organ-specific autoimmune markers, including islet cell antibodies. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of progression of AER. RESULTS: A total of 21 @entity1 (19%) died during the follow-up. There was an overrepresentation of @entity1 (61 vs. 39%; P = 0.044) and smokers (55 vs. 27%; P = 0.01) in @entity1 who progressed to micro- or macroalbuminuria versus those who did not progress. In addition, progressors had higher fasting plasma @entity413 (P = 0.002) and @entity4051 (P = 0.0002) concentrations at baseline than did nonprogressors. @entity16 was more often seen in progressors than in nonprogressors at baseline (53 vs. 16%; P = 0.0004). Frequency of HLA genotypes and autoimmune markers did not differ between progressors and nonprogressors. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, @entity4051 (P = 0.0005) and a history of smoking (P = 0.011) were independent predictors of progression of AER. CONCLUSIONS: This study reemphasizes the importance of poor glycemic control and smoking as independent risk factors for progression of AER. Furthermore, development of micro- or macroalbuminuria in @entity2175 was associated with @entity16 and male sex.

title: Predictors of progression from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['NIDDM']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical findings and subsequent therapeutic implications of posterior fossa reexploration for persistent or recurrent @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) or hemifacial @entity2473 (HFS) after failed microvascular decompression (MVD). METHODS: Between December 1975 and October 1996, the senior author performed 31 reexplorations for failure or recurrence after MVD: 23 for @entity4254 and 8 for HFS. Records were analyzed retrospectively for evidence of @entity2850 in primary and secondary operations, other pertinent intraoperative findings, intraoperative therapeutic interventions, and postoperative results and complications. RESULTS: The previously placed @entity4832 foam (Ivalon sponge; Unipoint Industries, High Point, NC) or Teflon implant (Teflon felt; CR Bard, Inc., Bard Implants Division, Billerica, MA) was found to be in good position in 100% of the @entity1 (31 of 31 @entity1 ). New @entity2850 from an arterial source was found in three @entity1 during posterior fossa reexploration: one with @entity4254 and two with HFS. New @entity2850 from a venous source was observed in one @entity1 with HFS. A scarred Ivalon sponge or Teflon implant with apparent mass effect on the nerve root was identified in seven reexplorations. One bony source of compression was seen. No new compressive elements or other sources of root irritation were appreciated in 61% of reexplorations. Partial sensory trigeminal rhizotomy was performed in 83% of reexplorations for persistent or recurrent @entity4254 . Of eight @entity1 undergoing reexploration for persistent or recurrent HFS, six sustained complications. CONCLUSION: Recurrent @entity2850 was seldom identified during posterior fossa reexploration for failed MVD in @entity1 with persistent or recurrent @entity4254 or HFS. The previously placed Ivalon sponge or Teflon implant was consistently found to be in good position. Partial sensory trigeminal rhizotomy is an often effective alternative in cases of recurrent @entity531 is not identified. However, because of the relatively high incidence of complications associated with reexploration, we recommend other ablative or medical treatments for most @entity1 after failed MVD for @entity4254 or HFS.

title: Posterior fossa reexploration for persistent or recurrent XXXX or hemifacial @entity2473 : surgical findings and therapeutic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['vascular compression']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['TN when neurovascular compression']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical findings and subsequent therapeutic implications of posterior fossa reexploration for persistent or recurrent @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) or hemifacial @entity2473 (HFS) after failed microvascular decompression (MVD). METHODS: Between December 1975 and October 1996, the senior author performed 31 reexplorations for failure or recurrence after MVD: 23 for @entity4254 and 8 for HFS. Records were analyzed retrospectively for evidence of @entity2850 in primary and secondary operations, other pertinent intraoperative findings, intraoperative therapeutic interventions, and postoperative results and complications. RESULTS: The previously placed @entity4832 foam (Ivalon sponge; Unipoint Industries, High Point, NC) or Teflon implant (Teflon felt; CR Bard, Inc., Bard Implants Division, Billerica, MA) was found to be in good position in 100% of the @entity1 (31 of 31 @entity1 ). New @entity2850 from an arterial source was found in three @entity1 during posterior fossa reexploration: one with @entity4254 and two with HFS. New @entity2850 from a venous source was observed in one @entity1 with HFS. A scarred Ivalon sponge or Teflon implant with apparent mass effect on the nerve root was identified in seven reexplorations. One bony source of compression was seen. No new compressive elements or other sources of root irritation were appreciated in 61% of reexplorations. Partial sensory trigeminal rhizotomy was performed in 83% of reexplorations for persistent or recurrent @entity4254 . Of eight @entity1 undergoing reexploration for persistent or recurrent HFS, six sustained complications. CONCLUSION: Recurrent @entity2850 was seldom identified during posterior fossa reexploration for failed MVD in @entity1 with persistent or recurrent @entity4254 or HFS. The previously placed Ivalon sponge or Teflon implant was consistently found to be in good position. Partial sensory trigeminal rhizotomy is an often effective alternative in cases of recurrent @entity531 is not identified. However, because of the relatively high incidence of complications associated with reexploration, we recommend other ablative or medical treatments for most @entity1 after failed MVD for @entity4254 or HFS.

title: Posterior fossa reexploration for persistent or recurrent @entity4254 or hemifacial XXXX : surgical findings and therapeutic implications.

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: To understand the factors specifically affecting tRNA nuclear export, we adapted in situ hybridization procedures to locate endogenous levels of individual tRNA families in wild-type and mutant @entity375 cells. Our studies of tRNAs encoded by genes lacking introns show that nucleoporin @entity62844 affects both poly(A) RNA and tRNA export, whereas @entity62843 affects only poly(A) RNA export. @entity70743 is similar to exportin-t, which facilitates vertebrate tRNA export. A @entity70743 deletion mutation affects tRNA but not poly(A) RNA export. The data support the notion that @entity70743 and exportin-t are functional homologues. Because @entity70743 is nonessential, tRNA export in vertebrate and @entity375 cells likely involves factors in addition to exportin-t. Mutation of @entity17214 , which encodes RanGAP, causes nuclear accumulation of tRNAs and poly(A) RNA. Many @entity375 mutants, including those with the @entity17215 mutation, affect both pre-tRNA splicing and RNA export. Our studies of the location of intron-containing pre-tRNAs in the @entity17215 mutant rule out the possibility that this results from tRNA export occurring before splicing. Our results also argue against @entity66 causing defects in pre-tRNA splicing. Rather, the data support "feedback" of nucleus/cytosol exchange to the pre-tRNA splicing machinery.

title: tRNA nuclear export in XXXX : in situ hybridization analysis.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['inappropriate subnuclear compartmentalization']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: To confirm whether sex-linked genes of the @entity12638 are dosage compensated or not, we investigated three RAPDs and one RFLP marker which have been mapped to the Z chromosome as candidate genes to test for dosage compensation. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that one of the RAPDs, T15.180a, is transcribed into several mRNAs in the embryo, midgut, Malpighian tubule, testis and ovary. Southern blot analysis revealed that T15.180a is present at one copy in the genome. Sequence data showed that T15.180a contained two open-reading frames (ORFs) separated by an intron of 605 bp. These ORFs encoded a possible polypeptide of 445 @entity1522 containing the @entity1521 cluster. These results suggested that T15.180a is part of a functional gene on the Z chromosome of the @entity12638 . We have called this gene T15, and compared its transcriptional level between males and females. Northern blot analysis showed that the level of T15 mRNA in males was twice that of females. For a more precise analysis, the levels of transcription from both alleles of T15 ( @entity70744 , @entity70745 ) were measured by the single- @entity377 primer extension (SNuPE) assay. The results indicated that the amount of transcription from each T15 allele in both sexes (male, @entity70744 / @entity70745 ; female, @entity70744 /W) was equivalent. All the results suggest that sex-linked genes in the @entity12638 are not dosage compensated.

title: Absence of dosage compensation at the transcription level of a sex-linked gene in a female heterogametic insect, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity70744 :: ('p|SUB|T|15|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T15P']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity12638 :: (7091,Species) :: ['Bombyx mori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Profound @entity2332 is used for @entity1167 during cardiovascular operations. Cold retrograde cerebral perfusion enhances cerebral protection during @entity1167 . This study examines the results of @entity1167 under moderate systemic @entity2332 and cold retrograde cerebral perfusion. METHODS: @entity1167 under moderate systemic @entity2332 (nasopharyngeal temperatures of 19 degrees to 28 degrees C, mean of 23 degrees C) and cold (10 degrees C) retrograde cerebral perfusion were employed in 104 consecutive @entity1 for operation on the proximal aorta (103 @entity1 ) or for a @entity5 invading the heart (1 @entity1 ). Aortic operations consisted of replacement of the entire transverse arch in 49 @entity1 , hemiarch in 16, ascending aorta in 37, and an extraanatomic aortic bypass in 1. Most @entity1 (83%) also had other procedures such as coronary artery bypass or an aortic valve operation. Sixteen @entity1 had had previous aortic operations. The mean @entity1167 time was 27 minutes (range, 6 to 105 minutes). RESULTS: There were eight in-hospital deaths. @entity1457 , @entity1095 , and previous aortic operations were independent predictors of operative mortality. There were eight @entity64 ; clinical assessment and computed tomographic scans of the brain suggested that the @entity64 were embolic in 6 @entity1 . @entity731 /laminated thrombi in the aorta and the duration of @entity1167 were independent predictors of @entity64 . Four @entity1 had @entity410 without @entity51 . No @entity1 had development of @entity451 or @entity1746 . CONCLUSIONS: Systemic @entity2332 of 23 degrees C (nasopharyngeal) and cold retrograde cerebral perfusion (10 degrees C) appear to be safe for @entity1167 times of less than 30 minutes. This strategy of cerebral protection may also be adequate for longer @entity1167 times.

title: @entity1167 under moderate systemic XXXX and cold retrograde cerebral perfusion.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['venous tumor']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative shock']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest', 'Circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Profound @entity2332 is used for @entity1167 during cardiovascular operations. Cold retrograde cerebral perfusion enhances cerebral protection during @entity1167 . This study examines the results of @entity1167 under moderate systemic @entity2332 and cold retrograde cerebral perfusion. METHODS: @entity1167 under moderate systemic @entity2332 (nasopharyngeal temperatures of 19 degrees to 28 degrees C, mean of 23 degrees C) and cold (10 degrees C) retrograde cerebral perfusion were employed in 104 consecutive @entity1 for operation on the proximal aorta (103 @entity1 ) or for a @entity5 invading the heart (1 @entity1 ). Aortic operations consisted of replacement of the entire transverse arch in 49 @entity1 , hemiarch in 16, ascending aorta in 37, and an extraanatomic aortic bypass in 1. Most @entity1 (83%) also had other procedures such as coronary artery bypass or an aortic valve operation. Sixteen @entity1 had had previous aortic operations. The mean @entity1167 time was 27 minutes (range, 6 to 105 minutes). RESULTS: There were eight in-hospital deaths. @entity1457 , @entity1095 , and previous aortic operations were independent predictors of operative mortality. There were eight @entity64 ; clinical assessment and computed tomographic scans of the brain suggested that the @entity64 were embolic in 6 @entity1 . @entity731 /laminated thrombi in the aorta and the duration of @entity1167 were independent predictors of @entity64 . Four @entity1 had @entity410 without @entity51 . No @entity1 had development of @entity451 or @entity1746 . CONCLUSIONS: Systemic @entity2332 of 23 degrees C (nasopharyngeal) and cold retrograde cerebral perfusion (10 degrees C) appear to be safe for @entity1167 times of less than 30 minutes. This strategy of cerebral protection may also be adequate for longer @entity1167 times.

title: XXXX under moderate systemic @entity2332 and cold retrograde cerebral perfusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Circulatory arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter-induced @entity358 is a well-recognized complication of invasive monitoring, but the risk has not diminished. Although commonly associated with cardiopulmonary bypass, @entity130 also occur in intensive care. Definitive proof requires pulmonary angiography or autopsy. Many cases are never reported, and @entity130 are probably under-diagnosed. METHODS: Seven cases fulfilling accepted diagnostic criteria discovered over 2 years are described in four groups illustrating the common modes of presentation: hemoptysis with @entity519 , @entity20449 , delayed recurrent @entity548 , and @entity548 with cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS: One @entity1 had a planned elective operation deferred. Four @entity1 were being monitored in intensive care. Two of them died of @entity358 . Two other @entity1 had @entity548 on weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. One settled with conservative treatment, the other survived after extracorporeal life support. Recognition and management are discussed, emphasizing means of avoiding pulmonary resection. CONCLUSIONS: Catheter-induced @entity358 is unavoidable. Constant awareness is essential. A plan of management is presented. Extracorporeal life support may help to avoid pulmonary resection. Early pulmonary angiography is advocated for accurate diagnosis and to enable treatment by embolization.

title: Recognition and management of catheter-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery rupture']

entities_list: @entity20449 :: ('MESH:D058734', 'Disease') :: ['exsanguination']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['lesser injuries', 'injuries']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary artery rupture']


abstract: The risk of @entity5 surgery in @entity1 of advanced age, i.e. 75 years or older, was analysed by reviewing 119 consecutive @entity1 from August 1986 to May 1998 with @entity153 (n = 87), pulmonary @entity3 (n = 22), @entity2615 and @entity456 (n = 7) and mediastinal or chest wall @entity5 (n = 3). Repeated surgery in one case of @entity153 and in another of @entity3 gave a total of 124 operations. Of the @entity1 , 22 were 80 years or older (21%) and 32% were female. The median age was 77 years (range 75-87 years). Six fatalities occurred within 30 days or during hospitalization. This corresponds to a 4.8% mortality for the whole series and 6.8% for the subgroup of @entity153 . The causes of @entity204 were surgical complications in two @entity1 , one died from @entity712 after simultaneous combined coronary artery bypass grafting and left lower lobectomy 2 hours after the operation from @entity712 refractory to resuscitation. With this exception all these @entity1 had stage II (n = 2) or stage III A (n = 3) @entity153 . It is concluded that @entity5 surgery in the elderly is safe provided appropriate selection is observed. Indications should be very restrictive for advanced @entity5 and for pneumonectomy.

title: XXXX surgery in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic cancer', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural carcinosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Thoracic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is a safe and minimally invasive alternative to open surgery, the long-term disease-free outcome of this procedure has not been reported. We evaluated our experience with the laparoscopic management of @entity1358 to assess the clinical efficacy of this surgical modality. METHODS: Between February 1991 and June 1997, 157 @entity1 at five institutions were retrospectively identified who had clinically localized, pathologically confirmed, @entity1358 and had undergone laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. Operative and clinical records were reviewed to determine morbidity, disease-free status, and @entity5 -specific survival. Of the @entity1 followed up for at least 12 months (n = 101), 75% had an abdominal computed tomography scan at their last visit. RESULTS: The mean age at surgery was 61 years (range 27 to 92) and all @entity1 were clinical Stage T1-2,NO,MO. Fifteen @entity1 (9.6%) had perioperative complications. During a mean follow-up of 19.2 months (range 1 to 72; 51 @entity1 with 2 years or more of follow-up), no @entity1 developed a laparoscopic port site or renal fossa @entity5 recurrence. Four @entity1 developed @entity3 , and 1 @entity1 developed a local recurrence. The 5-year actuarial disease-free rate was 91%+/-4.8 (SE). At last follow-up, there were no @entity5 -specific mortalities. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic surgical management of @entity1358 is feasible. Short-term results indicate that laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is not associated with an increased risk of port site or retroperitoneal recurrence. Longer follow-up is necessary to compare long-term survival and disease-free rates with those of open surgery.

title: Laparoscopic nephrectomy for XXXX : evaluation of efficacy and safety: a multicenter experience.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['localized renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Many @entity1 with negative prostate biopsies and persistently elevated serum total @entity1486 (tPSA) values will have @entity5 detected on a repeated biopsy. An important issue is whether the @entity5 would have been detected on the initial biopsy had more biopsy samples been obtained. The objective of our study was to retrospectively characterize the clinical and pathologic @entity5 features associated with @entity1 who underwent sextant core biopsies compared with @entity1 who needed more than six core biopsies during one or more biopsy sessions to detect @entity263 . Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-estimated prostatic volume was evaluated to determine whether the number of biopsy cores needed for @entity263 detection was influenced by gland size. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the number of biopsy core samples obtained in 185 @entity1 (mean age 63+/-6 years) enrolled in our PSA-based screening study for @entity263 who were found to have @entity263 and elected radical prostatectomy as treatment. Correlation coefficients were calculated and univariate analyses were performed to evaluate clinical (age, tPSA, TRUS volume, PSA density) and pathologic (Gleason score, pathologic weight, organ confinement, "possibly harmless" @entity5 ) characteristics associated with @entity1 who required more biopsy cores to detect the @entity5 . RESULTS: Of the 185 @entity1 , 103 (56%) had 6 or fewer total biopsy cores taken and 82 (44%) had more than 6 cores (44 [24%] of 185 had 7 to 12 cores and 38 [20%] of 185 had 13 or more cores). There was a positive correlation between age, serum tPSA, TRUS-determined prostate volume, and pathologic specimen weight and an increasing number of total cores (all P values < 0.05). The number of biopsy cores was not associated with PSA density, Gleason score, @entity5 volume, organ confinement, or "possibly harmless" @entity5 (all P values > 0.05). @entity1 with a TRUS volume 30 cc or less (46%) required a mean of 8 total cores to detect the @entity5 compared with a mean of 11 cores (P = 0.003) in @entity1 with a TRUS volume greater than 30 cc (54%). A greater percentage of @entity1 with a TRUS prostate volume greater than 30 cc compared with @entity1 whose volume was 30 cc or less would have had their @entity5 missed with only a six-core biopsy (64% versus 46%, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Sextant core biopsies may be @entity263 in some @entity1 . These data support the performance of more than six core biopsies to detect clinical @entity263 . A prospective trial using TRUS-determined prostate volume to determine the number of cores to take is needed to accurately assess this issue.

title: Clinical and pathologic @entity5 characteristics of XXXX as a function of the number of biopsy cores: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['inadequate to detect prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Many @entity1 with negative prostate biopsies and persistently elevated serum total @entity1486 (tPSA) values will have @entity5 detected on a repeated biopsy. An important issue is whether the @entity5 would have been detected on the initial biopsy had more biopsy samples been obtained. The objective of our study was to retrospectively characterize the clinical and pathologic @entity5 features associated with @entity1 who underwent sextant core biopsies compared with @entity1 who needed more than six core biopsies during one or more biopsy sessions to detect @entity263 . Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-estimated prostatic volume was evaluated to determine whether the number of biopsy cores needed for @entity263 detection was influenced by gland size. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the number of biopsy core samples obtained in 185 @entity1 (mean age 63+/-6 years) enrolled in our PSA-based screening study for @entity263 who were found to have @entity263 and elected radical prostatectomy as treatment. Correlation coefficients were calculated and univariate analyses were performed to evaluate clinical (age, tPSA, TRUS volume, PSA density) and pathologic (Gleason score, pathologic weight, organ confinement, "possibly harmless" @entity5 ) characteristics associated with @entity1 who required more biopsy cores to detect the @entity5 . RESULTS: Of the 185 @entity1 , 103 (56%) had 6 or fewer total biopsy cores taken and 82 (44%) had more than 6 cores (44 [24%] of 185 had 7 to 12 cores and 38 [20%] of 185 had 13 or more cores). There was a positive correlation between age, serum tPSA, TRUS-determined prostate volume, and pathologic specimen weight and an increasing number of total cores (all P values < 0.05). The number of biopsy cores was not associated with PSA density, Gleason score, @entity5 volume, organ confinement, or "possibly harmless" @entity5 (all P values > 0.05). @entity1 with a TRUS volume 30 cc or less (46%) required a mean of 8 total cores to detect the @entity5 compared with a mean of 11 cores (P = 0.003) in @entity1 with a TRUS volume greater than 30 cc (54%). A greater percentage of @entity1 with a TRUS prostate volume greater than 30 cc compared with @entity1 whose volume was 30 cc or less would have had their @entity5 missed with only a six-core biopsy (64% versus 46%, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Sextant core biopsies may be @entity263 in some @entity1 . These data support the performance of more than six core biopsies to detect clinical @entity263 . A prospective trial using TRUS-determined prostate volume to determine the number of cores to take is needed to accurately assess this issue.

title: Clinical and pathologic XXXX characteristics of @entity263 as a function of the number of biopsy cores: a retrospective study.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: AIMS: To ascertain if a relationship between @entity995 ( @entity996 ) and @entity876 proteins exists in sporadic @entity14 . METHODS: Fifty consecutive colectomy specimens for @entity14 in @entity1 over the age of 50 and with no family history of @entity5 in the bowel were examined for immunoexpression of @entity996 and @entity876 proteins. These findings were then related to clinicopathological findings. Commercially available monoclonal antibodies to @entity996 and @entity876 were used on @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue. RESULTS: The most intense @entity996 immunoexpression was detected in well-differentiated, @entity5 . On the other hand, @entity876 expression was most intense in poorly differentiated, @entity5 . No statistically significant associations were noted with immunoexpression and age, gender or site of lesion. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that there is an inverse relationship between @entity996 and @entity876 protein expression in a proportion of sporadic @entity14 . Twelve @entity5 which showed low levels of @entity996 showed high levels of @entity876 protein. Similarly, seven @entity5 with high @entity996 levels displayed low @entity876 expression. In terms of immunohistochemical profile, @entity876 -high/ @entity996 -low @entity5 tended to be poorly differentiated and have advanced stage @entity5 .

title: @entity995 and XXXX protein expression in sporadic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'low-stage cancers', 'advanced-stage carcinomas', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: AIMS: To ascertain if a relationship between @entity995 ( @entity996 ) and @entity876 proteins exists in sporadic @entity14 . METHODS: Fifty consecutive colectomy specimens for @entity14 in @entity1 over the age of 50 and with no family history of @entity5 in the bowel were examined for immunoexpression of @entity996 and @entity876 proteins. These findings were then related to clinicopathological findings. Commercially available monoclonal antibodies to @entity996 and @entity876 were used on @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue. RESULTS: The most intense @entity996 immunoexpression was detected in well-differentiated, @entity5 . On the other hand, @entity876 expression was most intense in poorly differentiated, @entity5 . No statistically significant associations were noted with immunoexpression and age, gender or site of lesion. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that there is an inverse relationship between @entity996 and @entity876 protein expression in a proportion of sporadic @entity14 . Twelve @entity5 which showed low levels of @entity996 showed high levels of @entity876 protein. Similarly, seven @entity5 with high @entity996 levels displayed low @entity876 expression. In terms of immunohistochemical profile, @entity876 -high/ @entity996 -low @entity5 tended to be poorly differentiated and have advanced stage @entity5 .

title: @entity995 and @entity876 protein expression in sporadic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: AIMS: To ascertain if a relationship between @entity995 ( @entity996 ) and @entity876 proteins exists in sporadic @entity14 . METHODS: Fifty consecutive colectomy specimens for @entity14 in @entity1 over the age of 50 and with no family history of @entity5 in the bowel were examined for immunoexpression of @entity996 and @entity876 proteins. These findings were then related to clinicopathological findings. Commercially available monoclonal antibodies to @entity996 and @entity876 were used on @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue. RESULTS: The most intense @entity996 immunoexpression was detected in well-differentiated, @entity5 . On the other hand, @entity876 expression was most intense in poorly differentiated, @entity5 . No statistically significant associations were noted with immunoexpression and age, gender or site of lesion. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that there is an inverse relationship between @entity996 and @entity876 protein expression in a proportion of sporadic @entity14 . Twelve @entity5 which showed low levels of @entity996 showed high levels of @entity876 protein. Similarly, seven @entity5 with high @entity996 levels displayed low @entity876 expression. In terms of immunohistochemical profile, @entity876 -high/ @entity996 -low @entity5 tended to be poorly differentiated and have advanced stage @entity5 .

title: XXXX and @entity876 protein expression in sporadic @entity14 .

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma']


abstract: We studied the role of @entity16084 C isoform @entity4456 in @entity2367 ( @entity24399 ) formation, as well as in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway induced by anticancer drugs in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) cells. @entity2879 and @entity1311 induced @entity24399 formation and apoptosis in @entity4456 -positive LNCaP and DU145 cells but not in @entity4456 -negative LN-TPA or @entity263 -3 cells. In contrast, these drugs induced mitotic cell cycle arrest in all @entity263 cell lines. Treatment with @entity12703 , a specific @entity4456 inhibitor, significantly inhibited drug-induced @entity24399 formation and apoptosis in LNCaP cells, as did overexpression of dominant negative-type @entity4456 . Overexpression of wild-type @entity4456 had an opposite effect in @entity263 -3 cells. Notably, @entity2879 induced biphasic @entity24399 formation in LNCaP cells. The early and transient @entity24399 increase resulted from de novo @entity24399 synthesis, while the late and sustained @entity24399 accumulation was derived from @entity4291 hydrolysis by @entity29682 ( @entity29682 ). @entity24399 , in turn, induced mitochondrial translocation of @entity4456 and stimulated the activity of this kinase, promoting @entity4674 release and @entity8187 activation. Furthermore, the specific @entity8187 inhibitor LEHD-fmk significantly inhibited @entity2879 -induced @entity29682 activation, @entity24399 accumulation, and @entity4456 mitochondrial translocation. These results indicate that @entity4456 plays a crucial role in activating anticancer drug-induced apoptosis signaling by amplifying the @entity24399 -mediated mitochondrial amplification loop.

title: @entity16084 Cdelta amplifies XXXX formation via mitochondrial signaling in @entity263 cells.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity12703 :: ('MESH:C085746', 'Chemical') :: ['Rottlerin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide', 'Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity29682 :: ('6610', 'Gene') :: ['neutral sphingomyelinase', 'nSMase']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity2367 :: (CHEBI:17761,Chemical) :: ['ceramide']


abstract: We studied the role of @entity16084 C isoform @entity4456 in @entity2367 ( @entity24399 ) formation, as well as in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway induced by anticancer drugs in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) cells. @entity2879 and @entity1311 induced @entity24399 formation and apoptosis in @entity4456 -positive LNCaP and DU145 cells but not in @entity4456 -negative LN-TPA or @entity263 -3 cells. In contrast, these drugs induced mitotic cell cycle arrest in all @entity263 cell lines. Treatment with @entity12703 , a specific @entity4456 inhibitor, significantly inhibited drug-induced @entity24399 formation and apoptosis in LNCaP cells, as did overexpression of dominant negative-type @entity4456 . Overexpression of wild-type @entity4456 had an opposite effect in @entity263 -3 cells. Notably, @entity2879 induced biphasic @entity24399 formation in LNCaP cells. The early and transient @entity24399 increase resulted from de novo @entity24399 synthesis, while the late and sustained @entity24399 accumulation was derived from @entity4291 hydrolysis by @entity29682 ( @entity29682 ). @entity24399 , in turn, induced mitochondrial translocation of @entity4456 and stimulated the activity of this kinase, promoting @entity4674 release and @entity8187 activation. Furthermore, the specific @entity8187 inhibitor LEHD-fmk significantly inhibited @entity2879 -induced @entity29682 activation, @entity24399 accumulation, and @entity4456 mitochondrial translocation. These results indicate that @entity4456 plays a crucial role in activating anticancer drug-induced apoptosis signaling by amplifying the @entity24399 -mediated mitochondrial amplification loop.

title: @entity16084 Cdelta amplifies @entity2367 formation via mitochondrial signaling in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: We studied the role of @entity16084 C isoform @entity4456 in @entity2367 ( @entity24399 ) formation, as well as in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway induced by anticancer drugs in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) cells. @entity2879 and @entity1311 induced @entity24399 formation and apoptosis in @entity4456 -positive LNCaP and DU145 cells but not in @entity4456 -negative LN-TPA or @entity263 -3 cells. In contrast, these drugs induced mitotic cell cycle arrest in all @entity263 cell lines. Treatment with @entity12703 , a specific @entity4456 inhibitor, significantly inhibited drug-induced @entity24399 formation and apoptosis in LNCaP cells, as did overexpression of dominant negative-type @entity4456 . Overexpression of wild-type @entity4456 had an opposite effect in @entity263 -3 cells. Notably, @entity2879 induced biphasic @entity24399 formation in LNCaP cells. The early and transient @entity24399 increase resulted from de novo @entity24399 synthesis, while the late and sustained @entity24399 accumulation was derived from @entity4291 hydrolysis by @entity29682 ( @entity29682 ). @entity24399 , in turn, induced mitochondrial translocation of @entity4456 and stimulated the activity of this kinase, promoting @entity4674 release and @entity8187 activation. Furthermore, the specific @entity8187 inhibitor LEHD-fmk significantly inhibited @entity2879 -induced @entity29682 activation, @entity24399 accumulation, and @entity4456 mitochondrial translocation. These results indicate that @entity4456 plays a crucial role in activating anticancer drug-induced apoptosis signaling by amplifying the @entity24399 -mediated mitochondrial amplification loop.

title: XXXX Cdelta amplifies @entity2367 formation via mitochondrial signaling in @entity263 cells.

answer: @entity16084 :: (1022,Gene) :: ['Protein kinase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of @entity296 ( @entity296 ) following blunt @entity130 is still unknown. Accordingly, in this prospective study in a regional @entity130 center we investigated the acute and long-term clinical significance of @entity296 . METHODS: One-hundred eighteen @entity1 with manifest or suspected blunt @entity130 were evaluated for @entity299 . Initial assessment was based on results of electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and serial enzyme measurements. A follow-up (FU) assessment conducted at 3 and 12 months, respectively, was performed using electrocardiography, echocardiography, and a bicycle ergometry exercise test. RESULTS: Of the 118 @entity1 in the total sample, 67 (56.8%) required admission to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) because of the severity of their noncardiac injuries. Fourteen @entity1 of the total sample (11.8%) were diagnosed with @entity296 and 13 of these (92.9%) belonged to the intensive care admissions, thus representing an incidence of 19.4% in this @entity1 group. During the hospitalization period none of the @entity1 with @entity296 experienced acute @entity299 . Eighty-six @entity1 (72.0%) were assessed at FU. No new pathologies were found except in one @entity1 . Exercise testing revealed no ECG abnormalities and none of the @entity1 experienced limitations on the bicycle ergometer due to a cardiac cause. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of 19.7% of @entity296 in our @entity1 with blunt @entity764 requiring intensive care treatment indicates that this condition is frequent in polytraumatized @entity1 . Outcome and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity296 is favorable and, thus, routine cardiac work-up is not indicated. Specific diagnostic and therapeutic measures should be limited to cases where @entity299 develop.

title: Acute and long-term clinical significance of XXXX following blunt @entity130 : results of a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial contusion', 'MC']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury', 'cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'thoracic trauma']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial contusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of @entity296 ( @entity296 ) following blunt @entity130 is still unknown. Accordingly, in this prospective study in a regional @entity130 center we investigated the acute and long-term clinical significance of @entity296 . METHODS: One-hundred eighteen @entity1 with manifest or suspected blunt @entity130 were evaluated for @entity299 . Initial assessment was based on results of electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and serial enzyme measurements. A follow-up (FU) assessment conducted at 3 and 12 months, respectively, was performed using electrocardiography, echocardiography, and a bicycle ergometry exercise test. RESULTS: Of the 118 @entity1 in the total sample, 67 (56.8%) required admission to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) because of the severity of their noncardiac injuries. Fourteen @entity1 of the total sample (11.8%) were diagnosed with @entity296 and 13 of these (92.9%) belonged to the intensive care admissions, thus representing an incidence of 19.4% in this @entity1 group. During the hospitalization period none of the @entity1 with @entity296 experienced acute @entity299 . Eighty-six @entity1 (72.0%) were assessed at FU. No new pathologies were found except in one @entity1 . Exercise testing revealed no ECG abnormalities and none of the @entity1 experienced limitations on the bicycle ergometer due to a cardiac cause. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of 19.7% of @entity296 in our @entity1 with blunt @entity764 requiring intensive care treatment indicates that this condition is frequent in polytraumatized @entity1 . Outcome and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity296 is favorable and, thus, routine cardiac work-up is not indicated. Specific diagnostic and therapeutic measures should be limited to cases where @entity299 develop.

title: Acute and long-term clinical significance of @entity296 following blunt XXXX : results of a prospective study.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['thoracic trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Femoral caput @entity39 is an actual therapeutic problem, because it appears mainly in mid-aged @entity1 . The @entity39 focus is most often localized in the proximal and ventral parts of the femoral bone capitulum, which, from the biomechanical point of view is the most loaded part. These cases can be possibly treated by transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy. By means of this operation we rotate the @entity39 focus to the less loaded part of the joint in correlation with the acetabulum. PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to inform about a rarely performed operation after Sugioka: transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy in coincidence with @entity2530 of the femoral bone caput. We would like to point to the possibility of a joint-saving operation, which enables to postpone implantation of total endoprosthesis to older age. METHODS: We analyzed the operational therapy performed at our department in the period 1998-2000, focusing especially on joint-saving operations due to femoral caput @entity39 . We turned our attention to transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy after Sugioka. In four casuistics, we describe the results of these operations. RESULTS: @entity717 was performed in 12 @entity1 . The treatment is described in four casuistics. The results after 1-3 years are good. The illness has not progressed in any of @entity1 , @entity158 has regressed, mobility improved and it was not necessary to implant total endoprosthesis. CONCLUSION: We consider the transtrochanteric rotational osteootomy, section after Sugioka, as one of the possible treatments in mid-aged @entity1 . Our effort is to perform joint-saving operations in order to postpone the implantation of total endoprosthesis. (Fig. 10, Ref. 13.)

title: XXXX , section after Sugioka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy']


abstract: We studied the natural history of extruded lumbar intervertebral discs using MRI. Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity890 were included in this study. Ages ranged from 19 to 57. On the T2-weighted sagittal MR image, the signal intensity in the herniated mass was measured and the ratio to that in the original nucleus (i.e., nucleus pulposus from which they extruded) was calculated (signal intensity ratio; SIR). The relationship with SIR and duration of illness was evaluated. In ten @entity1 who were re-examined by MRI after conservative treatment, the size of the herniation measured by T1-weighted axial MR image was compared before and after treatment. The signal intensity of HNP became higher than that of the original nucleus immediately following herniation and thereafter decreased with time, suggesting that initial hydration of the HNP occurred shortly after herniation followed by @entity2700 . The size of the HNP with a SIR value of 1.2 and higher on T2-weighted MR images decrease with time, however, the HNP with a SIR below 1.2 did not show any size reduction. The SIR of 1.2 and higher is a good indicator predicting @entity353 . @entity2700 in the HNP may play an important role in the reduction of the @entity890 .

title: Natural history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['Dehydration', 'dehydration of the HNP']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous reduction of the HNP']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['extruded lumbar intervertebral disc herniation']


abstract: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is being increasingly used in general practice. There is at present little published evidence regarding the clinical utility of ABPM in the care of @entity1 with established @entity101 in this setting. We examined this issue by undertaking ABPM in a group of @entity1 with established @entity101 . 40 @entity1 (aged 33-60 years) currently being treated for @entity101 were randomly selected from a general practice list and underwent a single 24-hour ABPM study. ABPM values were compared with @entity551 ( @entity551 ) values obtained on the day of monitoring together with previous readings taken by the general practitioner (GP). In the case of mean arterial pressure, 24-hour, awake and asleep ABPM values were found to underestimate @entity551 values by 14 mmHg (95% confidence interval 11-16 mmHg), 9 mmHg (95% C16-12 mmHg) and 24 mmHg (95% CI 21-27 mmHg), respectively. When used to classify blood pressure control, ABPM values produced equivalent results to @entity551 except by the criterion of BP load, for which 24-hour ABPM showed a higher rate of unsatisfactory control. 5 @entity1 classified by @entity551 to have satisfactory BP control according to current international guidelines were found to have unsatisfactory BP control by ABPM. This study demonstrates the potential value of ABPM in @entity1 with essential @entity101 in a general practice setting. ABPM provided information over and above that obtained by @entity551 in a substantial proportion of @entity1 .

title: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for XXXX in general practice.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['clinic blood pressure', 'CBP']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity5815 complain of physical and mental @entity1295 that is worsened by exertion. It was predicted that the cognitive and motor responses to vigorous exercise in @entity1 with @entity5815 would differ from those in @entity308 and healthy controls. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity5815 , 10 with @entity308 , and 10 healthy controls completed cognitive and muscle strength testing before and after a treadmill exercise test. Measures of cardiovascular functioning and perceived effort, @entity1295 , and mood were taken during each stage of testing. RESULTS: Depressed @entity1 performed worst on cognitive tests at baseline. During the treadmill test, @entity1 with @entity5815 had higher ratings of perceived effort and @entity1295 than both control groups, whereas @entity1 with @entity308 reported lower mood. After exertion, @entity1 with @entity5815 showed a greater decrease than healthy controls on everyday tests of focused (p=0.02) and sustained (p=0.001) attention, as well as greater deterioration than @entity308 @entity1 on the focused attention task (p=0.03). No between group differences were found in cardiovascular or symptom measures taken during the cognitive testing. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5815 show a specific sensitivity to the effects of exertion on effortful cognitive functioning. This occurs despite subjective and objective evidence of effort allocation in @entity5815 , suggesting that @entity1 have reduced working memory capacity, or a greater demand to monitor cognitive processes, or both. Further insight into the pathophysiology of the core complaints in @entity5815 is likely to be realised by studying the effects of exercise on other aspects of everyday functioning.

title: Effects of exercise on cognitive and motor function in @entity5815 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive illness', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity5815 complain of physical and mental @entity1295 that is worsened by exertion. It was predicted that the cognitive and motor responses to vigorous exercise in @entity1 with @entity5815 would differ from those in @entity308 and healthy controls. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity5815 , 10 with @entity308 , and 10 healthy controls completed cognitive and muscle strength testing before and after a treadmill exercise test. Measures of cardiovascular functioning and perceived effort, @entity1295 , and mood were taken during each stage of testing. RESULTS: Depressed @entity1 performed worst on cognitive tests at baseline. During the treadmill test, @entity1 with @entity5815 had higher ratings of perceived effort and @entity1295 than both control groups, whereas @entity1 with @entity308 reported lower mood. After exertion, @entity1 with @entity5815 showed a greater decrease than healthy controls on everyday tests of focused (p=0.02) and sustained (p=0.001) attention, as well as greater deterioration than @entity308 @entity1 on the focused attention task (p=0.03). No between group differences were found in cardiovascular or symptom measures taken during the cognitive testing. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5815 show a specific sensitivity to the effects of exertion on effortful cognitive functioning. This occurs despite subjective and objective evidence of effort allocation in @entity5815 , suggesting that @entity1 have reduced working memory capacity, or a greater demand to monitor cognitive processes, or both. Further insight into the pathophysiology of the core complaints in @entity5815 is likely to be realised by studying the effects of exercise on other aspects of everyday functioning.

title: Effects of exercise on cognitive and motor function in XXXX and @entity308 .

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: Prenatal exposure to @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) has been associated with the subsequent development of reproductive tract abnormalities, including poor reproductive outcome and @entity5 , in experimental animals and @entity1 . Experimental animal studies with chemical carcinogens have raised the possibility that adverse effects of @entity4743 may be transmitted to succeeding generations. To evaluate this possibility and to determine if there is a sensitive window of developmental exposure, outbred @entity2659 @entity19 were treated with @entity4743 during three stages of development: group 1 was treated on days 9-16 of gestation (2.5, 5 or 10 microg/kg maternal body wt), the time of major organogenesis; group II was treated once on day 18 of gestation (1000 microg/kg maternal body wt) just prior to birth; group III was treated on days 1-5 of neonatal life (0.002 microg/pup/day). Female @entity19 (F1) in each group were raised to sexual @entity2175 and bred to control males. As previously reported, fertility of the F1 @entity4743 -exposed females was decreased in all groups. Female offspring ( @entity4743 lineage or F2) from these matings were raised to @entity2175 and housed with control males for 20 weeks. The fertility of these @entity4743 lineage female @entity19 was not affected by @entity4743 exposure of their 'grandmothers'. @entity4743 lineage @entity19 were killed at 17-19 and 22-24 months of age. An increased incidence of @entity5 , including uterine @entity420 , was seen in @entity4743 lineage @entity19 but not in corresponding controls; the range and prevalence of @entity5 increased with age. Because uterine @entity420 were seen in all three @entity4743 groups, all developmental exposure periods were considered susceptible to the adverse effects of @entity4743 . These data suggest that the reduced fertility observed in the @entity4743 F1 female @entity19 was not transmitted to their descendants; however, increased susceptibility to @entity5 formation is apparently transmitted to subsequent generations.

title: Increased @entity5 but uncompromised fertility in the female descendants of @entity19 exposed developmentally to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant reproductive tract tumors', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4742 :: (MESH:D004054,Chemical) :: ['diethylstilbestrol']