abstract: OBJECTIVE: Alterations in @entity750 signalling within the brain-gut axis have been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity1744 ( @entity2195 ) and is a treatment target. Acute @entity2340 depletion (ATD) decreases brain @entity750 ( @entity750 ; @entity750 ) levels, and increases visceral perception and negative emotional bias in @entity1 with @entity2195 . The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of ATD on brain activity and connectivity during visceral stimuli in healthy @entity1 , and to compare the ATD-induced brain connectivity of an arousal circuit in female @entity1 with @entity2195 without ATD. METHODS: 12 healthy females (19-25 years) were studied under placebo (PLA) conditions and ATD. Functional MRI measurements were performed during a rectal barostat protocol, consisting of random non-painful and maximal tolerable distensions. Partial least squares analyses and structural equation modelling were used to evaluate the effect of ATD on functional and effective brain connectivity during distension. Results in healthy controls under ATD were compared with the effective connectivity of brain responses to 45 mm   Hg rectal distension in 14 female @entity1 with @entity1142 -predominant @entity2195 ( @entity2195 ) (24-50 years). RESULTS: In healthy controls, ATD resulted in increased response of an extensive @entity75 , including the amygdala and nodes of emotional arousal and homeostatic afferent networks. The effect was greater during high inflation, suggesting greater engagement of the central serotonion system with more aversive visceral stimuli. Effective connectivity analysis revealed a profound effect of ATD on coupling between emotional arousal network nodes, resulting in loss of negative feedback inhibition of the amygdala. A near-identical pattern was identified in the @entity1 with @entity2195 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with an ATD-induced disinhibition of and increased connectivity within an emotional arousal network during aversive stimulation. Together with the previous demonstration of ATD-induced @entity1931 in healthy controls, and the near-identical effective connectivity pattern observed in @entity1 with @entity2195 , these findings suggest that dysregulation of this brain network may play a role in central @entity158 and @entity2195 pathophysiology.

title: Acute XXXX depletion alters the effective connectivity of emotional arousal circuitry during visceral stimuli in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain network to balloon distension']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain amplification']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity2340 :: (CHEBI:27897,Chemical) :: ['tryptophan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Alterations in @entity750 signalling within the brain-gut axis have been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity1744 ( @entity2195 ) and is a treatment target. Acute @entity2340 depletion (ATD) decreases brain @entity750 ( @entity750 ; @entity750 ) levels, and increases visceral perception and negative emotional bias in @entity1 with @entity2195 . The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of ATD on brain activity and connectivity during visceral stimuli in healthy @entity1 , and to compare the ATD-induced brain connectivity of an arousal circuit in female @entity1 with @entity2195 without ATD. METHODS: 12 healthy females (19-25 years) were studied under placebo (PLA) conditions and ATD. Functional MRI measurements were performed during a rectal barostat protocol, consisting of random non-painful and maximal tolerable distensions. Partial least squares analyses and structural equation modelling were used to evaluate the effect of ATD on functional and effective brain connectivity during distension. Results in healthy controls under ATD were compared with the effective connectivity of brain responses to 45 mm   Hg rectal distension in 14 female @entity1 with @entity1142 -predominant @entity2195 ( @entity2195 ) (24-50 years). RESULTS: In healthy controls, ATD resulted in increased response of an extensive @entity75 , including the amygdala and nodes of emotional arousal and homeostatic afferent networks. The effect was greater during high inflation, suggesting greater engagement of the central serotonion system with more aversive visceral stimuli. Effective connectivity analysis revealed a profound effect of ATD on coupling between emotional arousal network nodes, resulting in loss of negative feedback inhibition of the amygdala. A near-identical pattern was identified in the @entity1 with @entity2195 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings are consistent with an ATD-induced disinhibition of and increased connectivity within an emotional arousal network during aversive stimulation. Together with the previous demonstration of ATD-induced @entity1931 in healthy controls, and the near-identical effective connectivity pattern observed in @entity1 with @entity2195 , these findings suggest that dysregulation of this brain network may play a role in central @entity158 and @entity2195 pathophysiology.

title: Acute @entity2340 depletion alters the effective connectivity of emotional arousal circuitry during visceral stimuli in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgery is the most effective treatment for @entity1358 with @entity5 thrombus but predictors of outcome and @entity1 survival are variable. Co-morbidity may affect therapeutic decision making and survival, although to our knowledge this factor has not been studied in @entity1 with @entity5 thrombus. We analyzed the Charlson co-morbidity index as a predictor of outcome after surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1970 to 1998, 303 @entity1 underwent surgical resection. The Charlson index, surgical era, completeness of resection, @entity1 age, sex, @entity5 level, @entity2802 stage, grade and perinephric fat invasion were studied retrospectively as univariate and multivariate predictors of outcome. RESULTS: The level of @entity5 thrombus was 0 (renal vein only) in 127 @entity1 , and I to IV in 66, 58, 36 and 16, respectively. At 5 years overall, cause specific and @entity3 -free survival were 32%, 42% and 41%, while at 10 years they were 21%, 32% and 30%, respectively. For the whole cohort significant multivariate predictors of cause specific survival were @entity3 (p = 0.0001), grade (p = 0.0001), perinephric fat involvement (p = 0.02) and @entity5 levels 0 versus I to IV (p = 0.048). The Charlson index did not predict outcome (univariate model p = 0.65). CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of the @entity5 remained the most important predictors of cause specific survival in this cohort. The Charlson index did not predict cause specific survival in this cohort of surgically treated @entity1 . Prospective assessment of co-morbidity in @entity1 treated with surgery versus conservative therapy is warranted.

title: Charlson co-morbidity index as a predictor of outcome after surgery for XXXX with renal vein, vena cava or right atrium extension.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Biochemical recurrence of @entity263 often precedes any clinical sign or symptom of disease recurrence by several years. Thus, @entity1 may have laboratory evidence of recurrence and do not know what it portends in terms of the future disease course. Little is known about the emotional consequences of biochemical recurrence. We compared @entity5 in @entity1 with biochemical recurrence of @entity263 versus those without recurrence. In addition, associations among urinary symptoms, @entity5 were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey including the American Urological Association symptom index, a @entity5 measure and the Profile of Mood States was mailed to @entity1 at a urology clinic at a tertiary care hospital in 1999. Of the sample of 270 @entity1 with @entity263 who underwent radical prostatectomy 126 (47%) responded to the mailed survey. A total of 45 @entity1 with biochemical @entity263 recurrence were compared to 81 @entity1 without recurrence. RESULTS: Higher urinary tract symptoms were associated with increased @entity5 (each p <0.05). Biochemical @entity5 recurrence was not independently associated with increased @entity5 . However, @entity1 with biochemical recurrence and more severe urinary tract symptoms reported the highest levels of @entity5 (each p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Psychological distress was highest in @entity1 with biochemical recurrence and elevated clinical symptoms. Urinary symptoms may be an important contributor to @entity458 in @entity1 with @entity263 who have biochemical recurrence.

title: XXXX and mood disturbance after radical prostatectomy: consequences of biochemical evidence of recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer fear and mood disturbance', 'cancer', 'cancer fear']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer fear']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify core disagreements between pediatric hematologists who would treat @entity1 with @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) on initial presentation ("Treaters") and those who would treat by observation ("Observers"), to determine whether each group's preferred stance was consistent with each individual's detailed perceptions, and to identify key variables in each stance. METHODS: A decision model was constructed in collaboration with experts, and a detailed questionnaire was presented to a nationally representative committee of 25 pediatric hematologists. A full decision tree was specified for each respondent. RESULTS: Nineteen (76%) experts responded; based on preference for initial treatment, 9 were Treaters and 10 Observers. Of the 30 probability/effectiveness variables, 8--almost all concerning treatment effectiveness--had at least one statistically-significant difference between the 2 groups regarding low, best, or high estimates. To convince Observers that treatment is effective would take a clinical trial with between 39 000 and 87 000 @entity1 ; to convince Treaters that treatment is not effective enough, between 97 000 and 114 000 @entity1 . Observers' calculated numbers needed to treat (NNTs) of about 150 000 are more consistent (P = 0.0023) with their elicited maximum NTTs of about 500. CONCLUSION: Physicians not specifically trained provided enough data to specify complete individual decision models. From the estimates provided, no practical clinical trial could convince hematologists who would treat @entity1 on initial presentation with @entity3039 just to simply observe them or could convince those who would just observe to instead treat with available agents. Perceived burdens could be better characterized, perhaps by including parental perceptions and preferences.

title: Decision modeling of disagreements: pediatric hematologists' management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Enterococci are known as a cause of @entity580 and this aptitude is intensified by the growth of antibiotic resistance. In the present study, @entity6375 isolates from healthy volunteers were considered to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles and genetic correlation. A total 91 normal flora isolates of enterococci were included in this study. Identification of @entity6375 genus and species were done by biochemical and PCR methods, respectively. Sensitivity for 10 antibiotics was determined and genetic relatedness of all isolates was assessed using Repetitive Element Palindromic PCR (REP-PCR) followed by Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) on the representative patterns. None of the isolates were resistant to @entity11248 , @entity2176 , @entity34436 , @entity5136 , @entity2755 , @entity869 and high-level @entity801 . On the other hand, the resistance rate was detected in 30.7%, 23%, and 3.29% of isolates for @entity2929 , @entity803 and @entity2177 , respectively. The results of PFGE showed 19 (61.5% of our isolates) common types (CT) and 35 (38.5%) single types (ST) amongst the isolates. This is the first study to describe antibiotic resistance pattern and genetic relationship among normal flora enterococci in Iran. This study showed no prevalence of @entity2176 Resistant Enterococci (VRE) and high degrees of diversity among normal flora isolates by genotyping using PFGE.

title: Antimicrobial resistance pattern and genetic correlation in XXXX isolated from healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity34436 :: ('MESH:C062940', 'Chemical') :: ['quinupristin-dalfopristin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity6375 :: ('1352', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus', 'Enterococcus faecium']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity6375 :: (1352,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Defining the phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with @entity480 (CRSwNP) with prognosis may lead to delivery of personalized treatment. This study aimed to identify cellular phenotypes of CRSwNP using cluster analysis and define an algorithm for different clusters associated with polyp recurrence. METHODS: Overall, 366 @entity1 with CRSwNP were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Eighteen variables, including clinical characteristics and tissue/peripheral inflammatory cells assessments, were selected for factor analysis. Unsupervised cluster analysis was performed after variables reduction and standardization and differences in polyp recurrence during follow-up for a minimum of 24 months were analysed among clusters. Discriminant analysis was further used to develop a clinically useful algorithm for predicting clustering. RESULTS: Five phenotypic clusters were identified. Clusters 1 and 2 were plasma cell-dominant and lymphocyte-dominant phenotypes, respectively. Cluster 3 revealed a mixed inflammatory pattern. Cluster 4 was characterized by infiltration of predominantly neutrophils. Cluster 5 was characterized by a marked tissue @entity1712 and highest recurrence rate of 98.5%. The clinical algorithm predicted clustering with 93.7% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese CRSwNP @entity1 may be classified into five phenotypes with different polyp recurrence rates, based on the presence of predominantly plasma cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils or mixed inflammatory cells in @entity1127 .

title: Cellular phenotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

answer: @entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyps']


abstract: @entity581 are experiencing a resurgence in use because of the spread of multiresistant Gram-negative pathogens. Use of these agents is attended by the occurrence of nephrotoxicity. @entity4028 optimization of dose can be defined as the dose having the highest likelihood of a good outcome and the lowest likelihood of @entity137 . We have defined the metric /\ as the difference between the likelihoods of good outcome and @entity137 , with higher values being better. We developed a method for explicitly evaluating /\ for different daily doses of drug and different schedules of administration. In the empirical therapy setting, when @entity581 are administered every 12 h, treatment of @entity281 caused by microbes with MIC values greater than 1 mg/liter cannot attain a high enough likelihood of a good outcome without engendering an unacceptable @entity137 likelihood. Daily administration, by decrementing the likelihood of @entity137 , allows higher doses to be employed with more acceptable probabilities of @entity137 . Obtaining @entity1 -specific information (concentration-time data) allows better identification of the @entity1 's specific pharmacokinetic parameters and dispersion. As these become better identified, optimal doses become rapidly identified so that optimal outcomes are attained. Optimization of therapy for @entity581 requires understanding the relationship between exposure and response as well as that between exposure and @entity137 . Furthermore, daily administration is much preferred, and stopping therapy as quickly as possible (a week or less may be optimal) will contribute to the ability to optimize therapy.

title: Optimization of XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoglycosides', 'aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycoside']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The limited success of translating basic animal findings into effective clinical treatments of @entity158 can be partly ascribed to the use of sub-optimal models. @entity19 models of @entity158 often consist in recording (1) threshold responses (like the tail-flick reflex) elicited by (2) non-nociceptive specific inputs in (3) anaesthetized animals. The direct cortical recording of laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) elicited by stimuli of graded energies in freely-moving rodents avoids these three important pitfalls, and has thus the potential of improving such translation. @entity19 LEPs are classically reported to consist of two distinct components, reflecting the activity of A  - and C-fibre afferent pathways. However, we have recently demonstrated that the so-called "A  -LEPs" in fact reflect the activation of the auditory system by laser-generated ultrasounds. Here we used ongoing white noise to avoid the confound represented by the early auditory response, and thereby comprehensively characterized the physiological properties of C-fibre LEPs recorded directly from the exposed surface of the @entity35 brain. Stimulus-response functions indicated that response amplitude is positively related to the stimulus energy, as well as to nocifensive behavioral score. When displayed using average reference, @entity19 LEPs consist of three distinct deflections, whose polarity, order, and topography are surprisingly similar to @entity1 LEPs. The scalp topography of the early N1 wave is somatotopically-organized, likely reflecting the activity of the primary somatosensory cortex, while topographies of the later N2 and P2 waves are more centrally distributed. These results indicate that recording LEPs in freely-moving @entity35 is a valid model to improve the translation of animal results to @entity1 physiology and pathophysiology.

title: Laser-evoked cortical responses in freely-moving XXXX reflect the activation of C-fibre afferent pathways.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal blood pressure target in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is unclear. PURPOSE: To summarize trials comparing lower versus higher blood pressure targets in adult @entity1 with @entity740 and focus on @entity644 as an effect modifier. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (July 2001 through January 2011) were searched for reports from randomized, controlled trials with no language restriction. STUDY SELECTION: Authors screened abstracts to identify reports from trials comparing blood pressure targets in adults with @entity740 that had more than 50 @entity1 per group; at least 1-year follow-up; and outcomes of @entity177 , cardiovascular events, change in kidney function, number of antihypertensive agents, and adverse events. DATA EXTRACTION: Reviewers extracted data on study design, methods, sample characteristics, interventions, comparators, outcomes, number of medications, and adverse events and rated study quality and quality of analyses for @entity644 subgroups. DATA SYNTHESIS: Three trials with a total of 2272 @entity1 were included. Overall, trials did not show that a blood pressure target of less than 125/75 to 130/80 mm Hg is more beneficial than a target of less than 140/90 mm Hg. Lower-quality evidence suggests that a low target may be beneficial in subgroups with @entity644 greater than 300 to 1000 mg/d. @entity1 in the low target groups needed more antihypertensive medications and had a slightly higher rate of adverse events. LIMITATIONS: No study included @entity1 with @entity6 . Trial duration may have been too short to detect differences in clinically important outcomes, such as @entity177 . Ascertainment and reporting of adverse events was not uniform. CONCLUSION: Available evidence is inconclusive but does not prove that a blood pressure target of less than 130/80 mm Hg improves clinical outcomes more than a target of less than 140/90 mm Hg in adults with @entity740 . Whether a lower target benefits @entity1 with @entity644 greater than 300 to 1000 mg/d requires further study.

title: Systematic review: blood pressure target in XXXX and @entity644 as an effect modifier.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['death, kidney failure', 'death and kidney failure']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal blood pressure target in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is unclear. PURPOSE: To summarize trials comparing lower versus higher blood pressure targets in adult @entity1 with @entity740 and focus on @entity644 as an effect modifier. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (July 2001 through January 2011) were searched for reports from randomized, controlled trials with no language restriction. STUDY SELECTION: Authors screened abstracts to identify reports from trials comparing blood pressure targets in adults with @entity740 that had more than 50 @entity1 per group; at least 1-year follow-up; and outcomes of @entity177 , cardiovascular events, change in kidney function, number of antihypertensive agents, and adverse events. DATA EXTRACTION: Reviewers extracted data on study design, methods, sample characteristics, interventions, comparators, outcomes, number of medications, and adverse events and rated study quality and quality of analyses for @entity644 subgroups. DATA SYNTHESIS: Three trials with a total of 2272 @entity1 were included. Overall, trials did not show that a blood pressure target of less than 125/75 to 130/80 mm Hg is more beneficial than a target of less than 140/90 mm Hg. Lower-quality evidence suggests that a low target may be beneficial in subgroups with @entity644 greater than 300 to 1000 mg/d. @entity1 in the low target groups needed more antihypertensive medications and had a slightly higher rate of adverse events. LIMITATIONS: No study included @entity1 with @entity6 . Trial duration may have been too short to detect differences in clinically important outcomes, such as @entity177 . Ascertainment and reporting of adverse events was not uniform. CONCLUSION: Available evidence is inconclusive but does not prove that a blood pressure target of less than 130/80 mm Hg improves clinical outcomes more than a target of less than 140/90 mm Hg in adults with @entity740 . Whether a lower target benefits @entity1 with @entity644 greater than 300 to 1000 mg/d requires further study.

title: Systematic review: blood pressure target in @entity740 and XXXX as an effect modifier.

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: One hundred and twenty-six @entity1 with the @entity4789 were followed up prospectively for 6 years. Sixty-six @entity1 maintained regular secondary prophylaxis (regular group) and 60 were irregular (irregular group). Two recurrences developed in the regular group with a recurrence rate of 0.005/ @entity1 /year follow-up, and 71 recurrences developed in the irregular group with a recurrence rate of 0.2/ @entity1 /year follow-up. These findings demonstrate the effect of secondary prophylaxis in reducing the frequency of recurrences. The prevalence rate of @entity6331 in @entity1 who had @entity2401 in the initial attack was 42% in the regular group vs 70% in the irregular group (p less than 0.05). These findings demonstrate the deleterious effect of recurrences in the evolution of @entity6331 . The prevalence rate of @entity6331 in @entity1 who maintained regular secondary prophylaxis, was 42% in those @entity1 who had @entity2401 in the initial attack and 6% in those who had no @entity2401 (p less than 0.05). These findings demonstrate the prognostic significance of presence or absence of @entity2401 during the initial attack, in the subsequent evolution of @entity6331 . The prevalence rate of @entity6331 in the 66 @entity1 who maintained regular prophylaxis was 23%. Comparison of these data with those of similarly designed studies shows that the evolution of @entity6331 following the @entity4789 , seems to behave similarly in the tropics and subtropics as it did in temperate climates.

title: The natural history of XXXX in Kuwait: a prospective six year follow-up report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['initial attack of acute rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['acute rheumatic fever']


abstract: An analysis of 950 @entity1 with @entity189 of the larynx and pharynx was performed to identify factors of importance for local control and survival other than the TNM-classification. All @entity1 were treated with primary radiotherapy, with doses ranging between 60-68 Gy in 6-7 weeks. The achievement of local-regional control by primary radiotherapy was highly correlated with disease-free survival (98% actuarial 5 year probability), which was significantly better than in @entity1 who failed in the primary treatment but were salvaged by radical surgery. Furthermore, occurrence of distant metastases were almost all associated with failure to control the @entity5 . Sex was found to be a dominant prognostic factor, and in all sites and stages, @entity1 had a significantly better prognosis both with regard to local control and survival. The degree of histopathological differentiation was not significantly correlated with local control but with the incidence of distant metastases, which was significantly higher in @entity1 with poorly differentiated @entity5 . In both males and females the pre-treatment hemoglobin concentration was correlated with the probability of @entity5 control and survival but only in @entity1 with pharyngeal and to a @entity5 . In these groups, @entity1 with hemoglobin levels above 13 g% (females) and 14.5 g% (males) had a significantly better prognosis than comparable @entity1 with lower hemoglobin values. Such correlation could not be detected in @entity1 with @entity5 . The influence of @entity5 size was analyzed in a larger group of 1,060 @entity1 with @entity189 . In this group a notable correlation between @entity5 size and prognosis was observed within the various T-categories, indicating the @entity5 size as a significantly important parameter related to both probability of local control and survival. The study reveals that @entity135 is a heterogeneous disease and it is demonstrated that attention should be given to the various prognostic parameters since important therapeutic achievement is otherwise lost.

title: Primary radiotherapy of larynx and XXXX --an analysis of some factors influencing local control and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glottic tumors', 'primary tumor', 'lesser degree supraglottic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['pharynx carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although antidepressants have been used for decades in treating @entity1 with functional abdominal syndromes, how they influence @entity344 remains unclear. We aimed to assess the role of @entity308 , and the effect of antidepressants on the functional @entity2210 @entity1 ' symptoms and gastric myoelectrical activity. METHODOLOGY: We conducted an open clinical trial with 40 functional @entity2210 @entity1 . Zung self-rating @entity308 scale was used in evaluating the @entity1 ' @entity308 . Cutaneous electrogastrography and evaluation of @entity344 were performed before and after administration of a one-month course of @entity905 . RESULTS: In the baseline study, the @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 had higher symptom scores than non- @entity308 @entity1 (P < 0.05). The @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 had higher percentages of tachygastria than healthy controls (P < 0.05), but the electrogastrography parameters of @entity308 and non- @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 were not different. After one-month @entity905 treatment, the symptom scores improved significantly in the @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 (P < 0.05), but not in the non- @entity308 @entity1 . Electrogastrography did not improve in either group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 had higher symptom scores and responded well to @entity905 treatment. However, electrogastrography did not improve after the treatment. These findings suggest that @entity308 is significant in the presentation of @entity1109 , but not correlated with gastric myoelectrical activity.

title: Effect of @entity905 on symptoms and gastric dysrhythmia in @entity1 with functional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive', 'depressed', 'depression', 'depression in functional dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['functional dyspepsia symptoms']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal motility', 'upper gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although antidepressants have been used for decades in treating @entity1 with functional abdominal syndromes, how they influence @entity344 remains unclear. We aimed to assess the role of @entity308 , and the effect of antidepressants on the functional @entity2210 @entity1 ' symptoms and gastric myoelectrical activity. METHODOLOGY: We conducted an open clinical trial with 40 functional @entity2210 @entity1 . Zung self-rating @entity308 scale was used in evaluating the @entity1 ' @entity308 . Cutaneous electrogastrography and evaluation of @entity344 were performed before and after administration of a one-month course of @entity905 . RESULTS: In the baseline study, the @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 had higher symptom scores than non- @entity308 @entity1 (P < 0.05). The @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 had higher percentages of tachygastria than healthy controls (P < 0.05), but the electrogastrography parameters of @entity308 and non- @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 were not different. After one-month @entity905 treatment, the symptom scores improved significantly in the @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 (P < 0.05), but not in the non- @entity308 @entity1 . Electrogastrography did not improve in either group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 had higher symptom scores and responded well to @entity905 treatment. However, electrogastrography did not improve after the treatment. These findings suggest that @entity308 is significant in the presentation of @entity1109 , but not correlated with gastric myoelectrical activity.

title: Effect of XXXX on symptoms and gastric dysrhythmia in @entity1 with functional @entity2210 .

answer: @entity905 :: (MESH:D005473,Chemical) :: ['fluoxetine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although antidepressants have been used for decades in treating @entity1 with functional abdominal syndromes, how they influence @entity344 remains unclear. We aimed to assess the role of @entity308 , and the effect of antidepressants on the functional @entity2210 @entity1 ' symptoms and gastric myoelectrical activity. METHODOLOGY: We conducted an open clinical trial with 40 functional @entity2210 @entity1 . Zung self-rating @entity308 scale was used in evaluating the @entity1 ' @entity308 . Cutaneous electrogastrography and evaluation of @entity344 were performed before and after administration of a one-month course of @entity905 . RESULTS: In the baseline study, the @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 had higher symptom scores than non- @entity308 @entity1 (P < 0.05). The @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 had higher percentages of tachygastria than healthy controls (P < 0.05), but the electrogastrography parameters of @entity308 and non- @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 were not different. After one-month @entity905 treatment, the symptom scores improved significantly in the @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 (P < 0.05), but not in the non- @entity308 @entity1 . Electrogastrography did not improve in either group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 functional @entity2210 @entity1 had higher symptom scores and responded well to @entity905 treatment. However, electrogastrography did not improve after the treatment. These findings suggest that @entity308 is significant in the presentation of @entity1109 , but not correlated with gastric myoelectrical activity.

title: Effect of @entity905 on symptoms and gastric dysrhythmia in XXXX with functional @entity2210 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe @entity20773 implant dissociations in the Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial with extended follow-up. METHODS: Review of data collected on the first implant in the eye(s) of @entity1 . Dissociation was defined as the drug pellet no longer being affixed to the strut and categorized as spontaneous or surgically-related. RESULTS: 250 eyes (146 @entity1 ) had at least one implant placed. Median time follow-up time after implant placement was 6 years (range 0.5 to 9.2). Thirty-four dissociations were reported in 30 @entity1 . There were 22 spontaneous events in 22 @entity1 ; 6-year cumulative risk of a spontaneous dissociation was 4.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4%-9.1%). The earliest event occurred 4.8 years after placement. Nine of 22 eyes with data had a decline in visual acuity >5 letters temporally related to the dissociation. 39 implant removal surgeries were performed, 33 with replacement. Twelve dissociations were noted during implant removal surgeries in 10 @entity1 (26%, 95% CI 15%-48%); 5 of these eyes had a decline in visual acuity >5 letters after surgery. The time from implant placement to removal surgery was longer for the surgeries at which dissociated implants were identified than for those without one (5.7 vs 3.7 years, p < 0.001). Overall, visual acuity declined 15 or more letters from pre-implant values in 22% of affected eyes; declines were frequently associated with complications of @entity1596 or it's treatment. CONCLUSION: There is an increasing risk of dissociation of Retisert implants during follow-up, the risk is greater with removal/exchange surgeries, but both the risk of spontaneous and surgically related events increase with longevity of the implants. In 22% of affected eyes visual acuity declined by 15 letters. In the context of eyes with moderate to severe @entity1596 for years, this rate is not unexpected.

title: Dissociations of the XXXX Implant: The Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) Trial and Follow-up Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20773 :: ('MESH:D005446', 'Chemical') :: ['fluocinolone acetonide']

answer: @entity20773 :: (MESH:D005446,Chemical) :: ['Fluocinolone Acetonide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prognostic importance of DNA ploidy pattern on gastrointestinal (GI) @entity1892 using image cytometry (ICM) and to compare the results with previously published flow cytometry (FCM) data. STUDY DESIGN: Forty-three cases of surgically resected primary @entity1892 were examined. Thirty-eight @entity5 were located in the stomach, 2 in the small intestine, 1 in the large bowel and 2 in both the stomach and small intestine. Six cases were at stage E I 1, 15 at stage E I 2, 20 at stage E II 1 and 1 each at stages III and IV. Histologically, the @entity706 were classified as GI low grade marginal @entity706 of @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ) type (low grade, 12 cases), low grade @entity1074 with a high grade component (mixed type, 10 cases) and GI diffuse large @entity1892 (DLBC) (high grade @entity1074 , 21 cases). After gross removal of nonneoplastic tissue, single cell suspensions were prepared from @entity982 blocks and stained according to Feulgen. Ploidy analysis was done using a custom-made DNA cytometer and Optimas image analysis software (Optimas Corp., Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.). RESULTS: Aneuploidy was found in 42% (5/12 cases) of low grade @entity1074 , 90% (9/10 cases) of mixed @entity706 and 100% (21/21 cases) of @entity344 . DNA ploidy had no significant impact on overall survival time (P = .73). CONCLUSION: ICM analysis showed a higher proportion of @entity344 as compared to that in prior studies using FCM for ploidy determination. Whether DNA ploidy is an independent prognostic factor remains to be determined.

title: DNA ploidy in XXXX . An image analysis study of 43 cases.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['type lymphoma', 'zone lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'MALT', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy in GI lymphomas', 'GI DLBCL']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['GI B-cell lymphomas', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal B-cell lymphomas']


abstract: Breeding @entity1707 and one-half of their progeny were fed antimicrobial-free rations; the other half of the progeny received rations supplemented with 100 g of @entity7914 (Ctc)/ton. Effects of dietary Ctc with respect to the distribution of species and biotypes of faecal Gram-positive cocci and their relative resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents were studied. Diversity of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns and modal AMR patterns were determined for bacterial species common to all three groups. Numerical taxonomic analysis placed 1140 of 1150 isolates (99%) into 10 groups. Three of these were biotypes of @entity6375 and contained the largest number of isolates (n = 934, 81%). @entity797 , Strep. morbillorum, @entity36965 and Gemella haemolysans also were isolated. Generally, the proportion of @entity803 -resistant strains for a species or biotype was greater from @entity1707 fed Ctc, although differences were not significant (P greater than 0.05). There was a significant difference (P less than 0.05) among all the groups for the percentage of @entity114 -resistant strains in a biotype of Strep. faecium. Overall, 57 and 43 different AMR patterns, including 2 to 11 and 1 to 11 resistance determinants, were demonstrated in isolates from control @entity1707 and @entity1707 fed Ctc, respectively. Modal AMR patterns in species and biotypes were the same from both progeny groups, except for Strep. faecium. AMR pattern diversity was decreased for strains from @entity1707 fed Ctc. Similar proportions of resistant strains from each group of progeny @entity1707 were accompanied by decreased AMR pattern diversity in strains from @entity1707 fed Ctc. These results indicated a change in distribution of AMR phenotypical patterns, rather than a change in overall frequency of individual resistant phenotypes.

title: Effects of dietary XXXX on the antimicrobial resistance of porcine faecal streptococcaceae.

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity36965 :: ('51669', 'Species') :: ['Pediococcus halophilus']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity7914 :: ('MESH:D002751', 'Chemical') :: ['chlortetracycline']

entities_list: @entity6375 :: ('1352', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus faecium']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity7914 :: (MESH:D002751,Chemical) :: ['chlortetracycline']


abstract: PURPOSE: Gubernaculum-cremaster complex development is hormonally regulated and abnormal in a cryptorchid @entity35 model. Using cell tracking techniques and imaging we studied myogenic phenotypes and fates in the fetal @entity35 gubernaculum-cremaster complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Embryonic day 17 gubernaculum-cremaster complexes were labeled with CellTracker    or the DNA synthesis marker @entity10081 ( @entity10080 ), or immobilized in Matrigel   and grown in culture. Embryonic day 17 to 21 gubernaculum-cremaster complex sections and cells were imaged using wide field and deconvolution immunofluorescence microscopy, and muscle and/or myofibroblast specific antibodies. Deconvolved image stacks were used to create a 3-dimensional model of embryonic day 21 gubernaculum-cremaster complex muscle. RESULTS: @entity22060 ( @entity22060 ) positive and myogenin positive muscle precursors were visible in a @entity10944 -rich myogenic zone between muscle layers that elongated and became thicker during development. Gubernaculum-cremaster complex inner mesenchymal cells expressed @entity10944 and aSMA (a smooth muscle actin) at lower levels than in the myogenic zone. After pulse labeling with  CellTracker or @entity10081 mesenchymal cells became incorporated into differentiated muscle. Conversely, mesenchymal cells migrated beyond Matrigel immobilized gubernaculum-cremaster complexes, expressed @entity22060 and fused to form striated myotubes. Mesenchymal gubernaculum-cremaster complex cell lines proliferated more than 40 passages and showed contractile behavior but did not form striated muscle. Our 3-dimensional gubernaculum-cremaster complex model had 2 orthogonal ventral layers and an arcing inner layer of muscle. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that mesenchymal cells in the peripheral myogenic zone of the fetal gubernaculum-cremaster complex contribute to formation of a distinctively patterned cremaster muscle. Nonmyogenic, @entity10944 and aSMA positive gubernaculum-cremaster complex mesenchymal cells proliferate and have a myofibroblast-like phenotype in culture. Intrinsic mechanical properties of these divergent cell types may facilitate perinatal inversion of the gubernaculum-cremaster complex.

title: Fetal XXXX Gubernaculum Mesenchymal Cells Adopt Myogenic and Myofibroblast-Like Phenotypes.

entities_list: @entity10080 :: ('MESH:C031086', 'Chemical') :: ["5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine"]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of the cochlear implant surgery is to place the electrode array with minimal damage to preserve the residual hearing. Round-window insertion can be performed in a manner that is potentially less traumatic than the standard cochleostomy. The purpose of the study was to investigate audiological results of the round-window approach using standard electrode. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate our experience in @entity1 with implanted through round window between January 2007 and March 2009. Sixty @entity1 had undergone cochlear implant surgery through the round window with full insertion of a standard electrode array. Preoperative and postoperative pure-tone thresholds were measured for implanted ears in the range of 250 to 4000 Hz. RESULTS: Within these 60 cases, 31 @entity1 had been evaluated. The population comprised 16 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 . The mean age was 15.96 years (range, 4-64 years). Follow-up times ranged from 6 to 26 months. Preservation of low-frequency hearing (250 and 500 Hz) was achieved in 27 (87%) of 31 @entity1 . Complete hearing preservation (all frequencies) was accomplished in 11 @entity1 (35.48%). No hearing could be determined postoperatively in 4 @entity1 (12.9%), having preoperative thresholds of 120 dB at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz. CONCLUSIONS: Round-window approach has been widely used for preservation of residual hearing. In our @entity1 with severe to profound @entity393 , we preserved residual hearing. Although the residual hearing cannot be sufficient for using additional acoustic stimulation, the preserved residual hearing means minimal damage and a more convenient cochlea, so this is promising for future development.

title: Cochlear implantation: is hearing preservation necessary in severe to profound XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV)A1 in flares of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is thought to influence the expression of cytokines involved in its pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate whether mRNA expression of @entity1 b defensin-1 ( @entity16448 ) correlates with that of interleukin (IL)-4, @entity688 , and @entity22597 in @entity272 in @entity483 before and after UVA1 phototherapy, to determine whether UVA1 decreases the expression of the aforementioned mediators, and to confirm whether changes in mRNA expression correspond with the clinical efficacy of UVA1. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity483 underwent medium-dose UVA1 phototherapy. Before and after UVA1, biopsies from acute @entity272 were studied using reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Levels of mRNA @entity16448 correlated with those of @entity688 and @entity22597 , levels of @entity3646 mRNA correlated with those of @entity688 and @entity22597 , and @entity688 expression correlated with that of @entity22597 , both before and after UVA1. Phototherapy with UVA1 improved SCORing of @entity483 (SCORAD) values, decreased @entity111 , and increased expression of @entity3646 . After UVA1, no difference was found in the mRNA expression of other molecules. The SCORAD index did not correlate with the expression of any examined mRNA either before or after UVA1. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16448 , @entity3646 , @entity688 , and @entity22597 are expressed in acute @entity272 in @entity483 , and their levels correlate with each other. UVA1 improves SCORAD and @entity111 and increases the expression of @entity3646 without direct effect on other molecules.

title: Medium-dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy improves SCORAD index and increases mRNA expression of @entity3646 without direct effect on @entity1 b defensin-1, @entity688 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic Dermatitis', 'atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity22597 :: (386653,Gene) :: ['interleukin-31']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV)A1 in flares of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is thought to influence the expression of cytokines involved in its pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate whether mRNA expression of @entity1 b defensin-1 ( @entity16448 ) correlates with that of interleukin (IL)-4, @entity688 , and @entity22597 in @entity272 in @entity483 before and after UVA1 phototherapy, to determine whether UVA1 decreases the expression of the aforementioned mediators, and to confirm whether changes in mRNA expression correspond with the clinical efficacy of UVA1. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity483 underwent medium-dose UVA1 phototherapy. Before and after UVA1, biopsies from acute @entity272 were studied using reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Levels of mRNA @entity16448 correlated with those of @entity688 and @entity22597 , levels of @entity3646 mRNA correlated with those of @entity688 and @entity22597 , and @entity688 expression correlated with that of @entity22597 , both before and after UVA1. Phototherapy with UVA1 improved SCORing of @entity483 (SCORAD) values, decreased @entity111 , and increased expression of @entity3646 . After UVA1, no difference was found in the mRNA expression of other molecules. The SCORAD index did not correlate with the expression of any examined mRNA either before or after UVA1. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16448 , @entity3646 , @entity688 , and @entity22597 are expressed in acute @entity272 in @entity483 , and their levels correlate with each other. UVA1 improves SCORAD and @entity111 and increases the expression of @entity3646 without direct effect on other molecules.

title: Medium-dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy improves SCORAD index and increases mRNA expression of XXXX without direct effect on @entity1 b defensin-1, @entity688 , and @entity22597 .

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['interleukin-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV)A1 in flares of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is thought to influence the expression of cytokines involved in its pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate whether mRNA expression of @entity1 b defensin-1 ( @entity16448 ) correlates with that of interleukin (IL)-4, @entity688 , and @entity22597 in @entity272 in @entity483 before and after UVA1 phototherapy, to determine whether UVA1 decreases the expression of the aforementioned mediators, and to confirm whether changes in mRNA expression correspond with the clinical efficacy of UVA1. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity483 underwent medium-dose UVA1 phototherapy. Before and after UVA1, biopsies from acute @entity272 were studied using reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Levels of mRNA @entity16448 correlated with those of @entity688 and @entity22597 , levels of @entity3646 mRNA correlated with those of @entity688 and @entity22597 , and @entity688 expression correlated with that of @entity22597 , both before and after UVA1. Phototherapy with UVA1 improved SCORing of @entity483 (SCORAD) values, decreased @entity111 , and increased expression of @entity3646 . After UVA1, no difference was found in the mRNA expression of other molecules. The SCORAD index did not correlate with the expression of any examined mRNA either before or after UVA1. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16448 , @entity3646 , @entity688 , and @entity22597 are expressed in acute @entity272 in @entity483 , and their levels correlate with each other. UVA1 improves SCORAD and @entity111 and increases the expression of @entity3646 without direct effect on other molecules.

title: Medium-dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy improves SCORAD index and increases mRNA expression of @entity3646 without direct effect on @entity1 b defensin-1, XXXX , and @entity22597 .

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['interleukin-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV)A1 in flares of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is thought to influence the expression of cytokines involved in its pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate whether mRNA expression of @entity1 b defensin-1 ( @entity16448 ) correlates with that of interleukin (IL)-4, @entity688 , and @entity22597 in @entity272 in @entity483 before and after UVA1 phototherapy, to determine whether UVA1 decreases the expression of the aforementioned mediators, and to confirm whether changes in mRNA expression correspond with the clinical efficacy of UVA1. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity483 underwent medium-dose UVA1 phototherapy. Before and after UVA1, biopsies from acute @entity272 were studied using reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Levels of mRNA @entity16448 correlated with those of @entity688 and @entity22597 , levels of @entity3646 mRNA correlated with those of @entity688 and @entity22597 , and @entity688 expression correlated with that of @entity22597 , both before and after UVA1. Phototherapy with UVA1 improved SCORing of @entity483 (SCORAD) values, decreased @entity111 , and increased expression of @entity3646 . After UVA1, no difference was found in the mRNA expression of other molecules. The SCORAD index did not correlate with the expression of any examined mRNA either before or after UVA1. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16448 , @entity3646 , @entity688 , and @entity22597 are expressed in acute @entity272 in @entity483 , and their levels correlate with each other. UVA1 improves SCORAD and @entity111 and increases the expression of @entity3646 without direct effect on other molecules.

title: Medium-dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy improves SCORAD index and increases mRNA expression of @entity3646 without direct effect on XXXX b defensin-1, @entity688 , and @entity22597 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prostacyclin ( @entity4770 ) is a @entity3009 derived from @entity1426 in the endothelium and smooth muscle which causes vasodilation, inhibits @entity1423 , and has anti-inflammatory, anti- @entity715 and anti-proliferative effects. In @entity120 ( @entity120 ), @entity4770 levels and @entity4770 synthase expression are reduced, contributing to the vasoconstriction and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation seen in the disease. Based on these findings, @entity4770 analogues were developed to target this pathway. @entity4770 was the first targeted therapy available for treating @entity120 . Due to the short half-life of this drug, it requires administration via a continuous intravenous infusion, and therefore it carries the risks of central line infections and @entity715 . However, it remains the treatment of choice in @entity1 with severe @entity120 as it has a proven survival benefit as well as improved functional class and exercise capacity. Subsequently, several other @entity4770 analogues have been developed with differing modes of administration and varying degrees of efficacy. Beraprost is an oral @entity4770 analogue for which a sustained efficacy has not been demonstrated. Iloprost is a nebulised @entity4770 analogue that requires administration six to nine times a day and leads to improved functional class, exercise capacity and haemodynamics. There are inhaled, oral, subcutaneous and intravenous forms of @entity13992 . Subcutaneous @entity13992 avoids the risks of a continuous intravenous administration; however, this drug can cause intractable @entity158 at the injection site. Selexipag is the new oral non-prostanoid IP @entity4770 receptor agonist that has shown improved haemodynamics and good tolerance in a phase  II study. Initial results of the phase  III trial are promising. Comparison of the different @entity4770 agents is limited by a lack of head-to-head clinical trials. However, the development of @entity4770 analogues has improved survival in @entity1 with @entity120 and remains the main treatment option in advanced disease. While @entity4770 analogues have good efficacy in @entity120 , they are not interchangeable, and their delivery systems have many limitations; in particular, they are associated with significant deleterious consequences. In the future, it is hoped that the elusive goal of developing an effective oral @entity4770 analogue will be achieved. This would increase the number of @entity1 who could benefit from the treatment while reducing the associated adverse events, and as a result improve the survival and quality of life for these @entity1 .

title: Comparative Safety and Tolerability of Prostacyclins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Epoprostenol', 'PGI2', 'prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity13992 :: ('MESH:C427248', 'Chemical') :: ['treprostinil']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Hypertension']


abstract: We have demonstrated previously that adult @entity1 synovial membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hSM-MSCs) have myogenic potential in vitro (De Bari, C., F. Dell'Accio, P. Tylzanowski, and F.P. Luyten. 2001. @entity625 Rheum. 44:1928-1942). In the present study, we have characterized their myogenic differentiation in a nude @entity19 model of skeletal muscle regeneration and provide proof of principle of their potential use for muscle repair in the mdx @entity19 model of @entity1555 . When implanted into regenerating nude @entity19 muscle, hSM-MSCs contributed to myofibers and to long term persisting functional satellite cells. No nuclear fusion hybrids were observed between donor @entity1 cells and host @entity19 muscle cells. Myogenic differentiation proceeded through a molecular cascade resembling embryonic muscle development. Differentiation was sensitive to environmental cues, since hSM-MSCs injected into the bloodstream engrafted in several tissues, but acquired the muscle phenotype only within skeletal muscle. When administered into dystrophic muscles of immunosuppressed mdx @entity19 , hSM-MSCs restored sarcolemmal expression of dystrophin, reduced central nucleation, and rescued the expression of @entity19 mechano growth factor.

title: Skeletal muscle repair by adult XXXX mesenchymal stem cells from synovial membrane.

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Disorders of the lipoprotein metabolism are a major cause of @entity409 that may result in @entity101 and @entity644 , clinical @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ). Lipoproteins and low-density lipoprotein ( @entity72599 ) subfractions were investigated in 15 @entity1 with severe @entity1468 and compared with 23 @entity1 with a normal course of pregnancy. Compared with normal pregnancy, in @entity1468 apolipoprotein (apo)B in very low-density lipoprotein was increased by 76% (P = 0.008), and the @entity412 content of intermediate dense lipoproteins (IDL) was increased by 51% (P < 0.001); @entity165 and @entity755 in @entity72599 were decreased by 26% (P = 0.005) and 23% (P = 0.016), respectively. Although not significant, the @entity72599 profile was dominated by the most buoyant @entity72599 -1. @entity755 in the most dense @entity72599 ( @entity72599 ), namely @entity72599 -5 and @entity72599 -6, was significantly decreased by 49% (P < 0.001) and 55% (P < 0.001), respectively. Diastolic blood pressure was positively correlated with the @entity412 content of IDL (r = 6.31; P < 0.001 and r = 0.352; P = 0.033 by partial correlation controlling for the presence or absence of @entity1468 ) and negatively correlated with the concentration of @entity755 in @entity72599 (r = -0.500; P = 0.002). In addition, IDL @entity1674 correlated negatively with @entity1 birth weight percentile (r = -0.373; P = 0.027) and positively with @entity644 (r = 0.430; P = 0.014). Low birth weight was associated with high IDL @entity1674 and low rather than high concentrations of @entity72599 . @entity412 -rich remnants are known to cause @entity409 . Because the @entity412 content of IDL was positively correlated with elevated blood pressure and @entity644 , @entity412 -rich remnant lipoproteins might contribute to the pathophysiology of @entity1468 .

title: XXXX -rich lipoproteins are associated with @entity101 in @entity1468 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride', 'triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'hallmarks of preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['Triglyceride']


abstract: Disorders of the lipoprotein metabolism are a major cause of @entity409 that may result in @entity101 and @entity644 , clinical @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ). Lipoproteins and low-density lipoprotein ( @entity72599 ) subfractions were investigated in 15 @entity1 with severe @entity1468 and compared with 23 @entity1 with a normal course of pregnancy. Compared with normal pregnancy, in @entity1468 apolipoprotein (apo)B in very low-density lipoprotein was increased by 76% (P = 0.008), and the @entity412 content of intermediate dense lipoproteins (IDL) was increased by 51% (P < 0.001); @entity165 and @entity755 in @entity72599 were decreased by 26% (P = 0.005) and 23% (P = 0.016), respectively. Although not significant, the @entity72599 profile was dominated by the most buoyant @entity72599 -1. @entity755 in the most dense @entity72599 ( @entity72599 ), namely @entity72599 -5 and @entity72599 -6, was significantly decreased by 49% (P < 0.001) and 55% (P < 0.001), respectively. Diastolic blood pressure was positively correlated with the @entity412 content of IDL (r = 6.31; P < 0.001 and r = 0.352; P = 0.033 by partial correlation controlling for the presence or absence of @entity1468 ) and negatively correlated with the concentration of @entity755 in @entity72599 (r = -0.500; P = 0.002). In addition, IDL @entity1674 correlated negatively with @entity1 birth weight percentile (r = -0.373; P = 0.027) and positively with @entity644 (r = 0.430; P = 0.014). Low birth weight was associated with high IDL @entity1674 and low rather than high concentrations of @entity72599 . @entity412 -rich remnants are known to cause @entity409 . Because the @entity412 content of IDL was positively correlated with elevated blood pressure and @entity644 , @entity412 -rich remnant lipoproteins might contribute to the pathophysiology of @entity1468 .

title: @entity412 -rich lipoproteins are associated with @entity101 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: Disorders of the lipoprotein metabolism are a major cause of @entity409 that may result in @entity101 and @entity644 , clinical @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ). Lipoproteins and low-density lipoprotein ( @entity72599 ) subfractions were investigated in 15 @entity1 with severe @entity1468 and compared with 23 @entity1 with a normal course of pregnancy. Compared with normal pregnancy, in @entity1468 apolipoprotein (apo)B in very low-density lipoprotein was increased by 76% (P = 0.008), and the @entity412 content of intermediate dense lipoproteins (IDL) was increased by 51% (P < 0.001); @entity165 and @entity755 in @entity72599 were decreased by 26% (P = 0.005) and 23% (P = 0.016), respectively. Although not significant, the @entity72599 profile was dominated by the most buoyant @entity72599 -1. @entity755 in the most dense @entity72599 ( @entity72599 ), namely @entity72599 -5 and @entity72599 -6, was significantly decreased by 49% (P < 0.001) and 55% (P < 0.001), respectively. Diastolic blood pressure was positively correlated with the @entity412 content of IDL (r = 6.31; P < 0.001 and r = 0.352; P = 0.033 by partial correlation controlling for the presence or absence of @entity1468 ) and negatively correlated with the concentration of @entity755 in @entity72599 (r = -0.500; P = 0.002). In addition, IDL @entity1674 correlated negatively with @entity1 birth weight percentile (r = -0.373; P = 0.027) and positively with @entity644 (r = 0.430; P = 0.014). Low birth weight was associated with high IDL @entity1674 and low rather than high concentrations of @entity72599 . @entity412 -rich remnants are known to cause @entity409 . Because the @entity412 content of IDL was positively correlated with elevated blood pressure and @entity644 , @entity412 -rich remnant lipoproteins might contribute to the pathophysiology of @entity1468 .

title: @entity412 -rich lipoproteins are associated with XXXX in @entity1468 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine whether the @entity95 feto-placental unit maintains corpora lutea systematically and/or locally and the interrelationships between conceptus number, luteal weight, luteal @entity1420 concentrations and serum @entity1420 levels. Thirty-three does were divided into the following treatment groups: (I) bilaterally pregnant, two ovaries; (II) unilaterally pregnant, two ovaries; (III) bilaterally pregnant, one ovary; (IV) unilaterally pregnant, one ovary, contralateral and (V) unilaterally pregnant, one ovary, ipsilateral. Blood samples were obtained from all @entity95 on days 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 post coitum. Does were killed on day 21, and the percentage of viable fetuses, fetal weights, and luteal weights recorded. Blood samples and corpora lutea were analysed for @entity1420 . Serum @entity1420 levels were similar for all groups until day 9 post coitum. Levels in groups III, IV and V declined significantly between days 9 and 12 following removal of one ovary at day 9. Fetal viability, fetal weights and luteal @entity1420 concentrations did not differ among any of the groups. Luteal weights did not differ among groups I, III, IV and V, but luteal weights of animals in group II were lower than those of group I (P less than 0.05). Ratios of viable fetuses to number of corpora lutea ranged from 1:11-10:5. No differences were observed in serum @entity1420 , luteal weights or luteal @entity1420 concentrations among animals with two conceptuses and those with seven or more, but serum @entity1420 levels in does with only one conceptus were lower than those in does with more (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Bilateral maintenance of XXXX corpora lutea by the feto-placental unit.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: PURPOSE: A potential complication in @entity1 after @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) is @entity458 and reduced fertility. The aim was to evaluate sexual function and fertility after @entity4628 . METHODS: All female @entity1 who underwent an @entity4628 between 2004 and 2013 were retrospectively included. Sexual function, fertility, and continence were explored by the female sexual function index (FSFI), telephonic interview, and Wexner's score. RESULTS: Among 127 @entity1 included, 93 responded to the questionnaires (73.2  %). Seventy five were sexually active, and 48 (64  %) had normal sexual function (FSFI   >   26). In univariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between @entity31 (p   =   0.0161), age   >   40  years (p   =   0.01311), number of bowel movements (p   =   0.0238), nocturnal pouch activity (p   =   0.0094), use of @entity3062 (p   =   0.0283), and existence of @entity250 . After multivariate analysis, age and nocturnal pouch activity were associated with a worse sexual function (p   =   0.0235, OR   =   3.3 (1.2-9.9) and p   =   0.0094, OR   =   4.1 (1.4-13.5)). Of 16 @entity1 who wished to have @entity1 , 10 (63  %) became pregnant without recourse to in vitro fertilization, of whom 3 had two or more pregnancies. In total, there were 13 @entity1 born after @entity4628 . The mean time between the first pregnancy and surgery was 24.8        22  months. At 12 and 24  months after cessation of contraception, 57 and 67  % had at least one pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: While sexual function is impaired in a limited number of @entity1 , the impact of surgery can be regarded as modest. Age and nocturnal pouch activity were some independent factors of worse sexual function. The risk of @entity249 should not preclude consideration of @entity4628 as a treatment option.

title: Female sexual function and fertility after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal pouch-anal anastomosis', 'IPAA']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual impairment']

entities_list: @entity3062 :: ('MESH:D008139', 'Chemical') :: ['loperamide']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity4628 :: (MESH:D007077,Disease) :: ['ileal pouch-anal anastomosis']


abstract: The assessment of @entity1 with @entity1118 is receiving increasing attention by psychiatrists. Recent publications have put forward the concept of the " @entity2531 " as a variant of @entity308 . This study describes a series of 50 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1118 in terms of the five axes of the DSM-III nosology. Diagnoses were made after a 90- to 120-minute psychiatric interview, and a check on diagnostic reliability was made on a small subsample. Psychological factors affecting physical condition were diagnosed in 34% and @entity14256 was diagnosed in 28%, while major @entity308 , @entity2531 , @entity2531 , and @entity148 were each respectively diagnosed in 8%. Only 6% had no diagnosis on @entity2270 I and 4% had no diagnosis on @entity2270 III. @entity1314 was diagnosed in 40%, and traits of @entity734 , @entity3119 , and @entity148 were common. Overall, the @entity1 had experienced a high degree of psychosocial stress with fair to poor adaptive functioning. The notion of @entity1118 as a variant of @entity308 is questioned on the basis of these findings. The author suggests that although @entity158 is a useful psychodynamic concept, the case for its establishment as a new @entity74 is not proven. Furthermore, the concepts of @entity158 , and @entity158 have become confused. The author argues that the current classification is adequate to deal with the varieties of @entity308 associated with @entity1118 and that @entity2531 should be remerged with @entity13299 for the sake of clarity.

title: DSM-III diagnoses in XXXX . Confusion or clarity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['Personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive illness', 'depression', 'depressive disease']

entities_list: @entity14256 :: ('MESH:D019263', 'Disease') :: ['dysthymic disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain-prone disorder', 'somatization disorder', 'psychogenic pain disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-proneness', 'psychogenic pain', 'pain-proneness, depression']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychobiological disorder']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['compulsiveness']

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['conversion disorder']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to prospectively assess the diagnostic yielding of a protocol in which electrophysiologic studies (EPS), tilt-table tests (TTTs), and loop recorder implantation are selectively used. BACKGROUND: The optimal strategy in the diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity1163 of unknown cause has not been defined. METHODS: A total of 184 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1163 of unknown cause were classified into two groups. Group A consisted of 72 @entity1 fulfilling any of the following criteria: 1) presence of structural @entity299 or family history of @entity944 ; 2) abnormal electrocardiogram; 3) significant non-symptomatic @entity943 on Holter monitoring; and 4) paroxysmal palpitations immediately before or after @entity1163 . These @entity1 initially underwent an EPS and, if this study was negative, TTT. In the remaining 112 @entity1 (group B), TTT was performed. RESULTS: The EPS was positive in 32 @entity1 (44%) in group A. The TTT was positive in 80 @entity1 (71%) in group B. An additional @entity1 had @entity56 . In @entity1 of group A with a negative EPS, the TTT was positive in 23 (57%). A loop recorder was implanted in 15 @entity1 from group A with negative conventional testing, and diagnostic activation was obtained in seven @entity1 . Overall, a positive diagnosis was achieved in 143 @entity1 (78%). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1163 of unknown cause, selective use of EPS or TTT leads to a positive diagnosis in >70% of the cases. An implantable loop recorder can be useful in non-diagnosed cases.

title: Selective use of diagnostic tests inpatients with XXXX of unknown cause.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['carotid sinus hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the role of maternally derived antibodies ( @entity1865 ) against an influenza H1N1 virus in the clinical protection of piglets and especially their effect on the development of the active immunity after an @entity281 with a homologous influenza H1N1 virus. Twenty piglets with @entity1865 and 10 piglets without @entity1865 were housed together and inoculated twice with influenza H1N1 virus, at 7 and 15 weeks of age. Nine piglets without @entity1865 were added to these groups at 12 weeks of age to be inoculated at 15 weeks of age only. Clinical signs, body temperature, growth performance, virus excretion, antibody responses, and influenza-specific T-cell response were monitored. It was shown that @entity1865 protect piglets against the clinical consequences of a primary @entity281 , but that this protection is not complete. A short but significant rise in body temperature was observed and growth seemed to be inhibited due to the @entity281 . Piglets with @entity1865 shed virus for a longer period after an @entity281 than piglets without @entity1865 . Piglets with and without @entity1865 were protected against the clinical consequences of a secondary @entity281 . However, both after primary and secondary @entity281 significant differences in immune responses were observed that indicated that @entity1707 with @entity1865 developed a weaker immunity than @entity1707 without @entity1865 . Furthermore, overall growth performances from weaning to slaughter show a trend in favour of @entity1707 without maternal antibodies, compared to @entity1707 with maternal antibodies, mainly caused by a significant better performance in the second half of the finishing period. The results of this study provide us insight in the role of @entity1865 in clinical protection and their influence on active immunity after an influenza virus @entity281 of @entity1707 . Furthermore, it leads us to the discussion about the profitability of massive sow herd vaccinations in an attempt to increase @entity1865 levels in piglets, taking into account the overall performance of these piglets and the possible effects on antigenic drift.

title: Effect of maternally derived antibodies on the clinical signs and immune response in XXXX after primary and secondary @entity281 with an influenza H1N1 virus.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection', 'infection']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the role of maternally derived antibodies ( @entity1865 ) against an influenza H1N1 virus in the clinical protection of piglets and especially their effect on the development of the active immunity after an @entity281 with a homologous influenza H1N1 virus. Twenty piglets with @entity1865 and 10 piglets without @entity1865 were housed together and inoculated twice with influenza H1N1 virus, at 7 and 15 weeks of age. Nine piglets without @entity1865 were added to these groups at 12 weeks of age to be inoculated at 15 weeks of age only. Clinical signs, body temperature, growth performance, virus excretion, antibody responses, and influenza-specific T-cell response were monitored. It was shown that @entity1865 protect piglets against the clinical consequences of a primary @entity281 , but that this protection is not complete. A short but significant rise in body temperature was observed and growth seemed to be inhibited due to the @entity281 . Piglets with @entity1865 shed virus for a longer period after an @entity281 than piglets without @entity1865 . Piglets with and without @entity1865 were protected against the clinical consequences of a secondary @entity281 . However, both after primary and secondary @entity281 significant differences in immune responses were observed that indicated that @entity1707 with @entity1865 developed a weaker immunity than @entity1707 without @entity1865 . Furthermore, overall growth performances from weaning to slaughter show a trend in favour of @entity1707 without maternal antibodies, compared to @entity1707 with maternal antibodies, mainly caused by a significant better performance in the second half of the finishing period. The results of this study provide us insight in the role of @entity1865 in clinical protection and their influence on active immunity after an influenza virus @entity281 of @entity1707 . Furthermore, it leads us to the discussion about the profitability of massive sow herd vaccinations in an attempt to increase @entity1865 levels in piglets, taking into account the overall performance of these piglets and the possible effects on antigenic drift.

title: Effect of maternally derived antibodies on the clinical signs and immune response in @entity1707 after primary and secondary XXXX with an influenza H1N1 virus.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity378 ( @entity378 ), the single most frequent infectious cause of @entity204 worldwide, also is a major cause of @entity1143 , which in @entity378 usually has lymphocytic and exudative characteristics. Differential diagnosis between @entity378 and nontuberculous @entity1143 can be sometimes difficult, representing a critically important clinical problem. METHODS: We studied 46 @entity1 presenting with @entity1143 to the National Sanyo Hospital between April 2000 and January 2001 (34 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ; mean age, 64 years). Ten @entity1 (22%) had @entity3254 , 19 @entity1 (41%) had malignant @entity5641 , and 17 @entity1 (37%) had @entity1143 due to an etiology other than @entity378 or @entity5 . Pleural fluid concentrations of four suggested markers were measured using commercially available kits. RESULTS: The pleural fluid levels (mean +/- SE) of @entity859 deaminase (83.3 +/- 18.2 U/L vs 25.8 +/- 20.4 U/L, p < 0.0001), @entity379 (137 +/- 230 IU/mL vs 0.41 +/- 0.05 IU/mL, p < 0.0001), immunosuppressive acidic protein (741 +/- 213 micro g/mL vs 445 +/- 180 micro g/mL, p < 0.001) and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (7,618 +/- 3,662 U/mL vs 2,222 +/- 1,027 U/mL, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher for @entity5641 than for other causes of effusion. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that pleural fluid content INF-gamma was the best indicator of @entity3254 among four relevant biological markers. CONCLUSIONS: INF-gamma in pleural fluid is the most sensitive and specific among four biological markers for @entity5641 . Thus, our results suggest that determination of INF-gamma at the onset of @entity1143 is informative for the diagnosis of @entity5641 . Further studies including larger numbers of @entity1 are needed to verify this result.

title: Diagnostic significance of @entity379 in tuberculous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pleuritis', 'pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity3254 :: ('MESH:D014396', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pleurisy']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusions']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity378 ( @entity378 ), the single most frequent infectious cause of @entity204 worldwide, also is a major cause of @entity1143 , which in @entity378 usually has lymphocytic and exudative characteristics. Differential diagnosis between @entity378 and nontuberculous @entity1143 can be sometimes difficult, representing a critically important clinical problem. METHODS: We studied 46 @entity1 presenting with @entity1143 to the National Sanyo Hospital between April 2000 and January 2001 (34 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ; mean age, 64 years). Ten @entity1 (22%) had @entity3254 , 19 @entity1 (41%) had malignant @entity5641 , and 17 @entity1 (37%) had @entity1143 due to an etiology other than @entity378 or @entity5 . Pleural fluid concentrations of four suggested markers were measured using commercially available kits. RESULTS: The pleural fluid levels (mean +/- SE) of @entity859 deaminase (83.3 +/- 18.2 U/L vs 25.8 +/- 20.4 U/L, p < 0.0001), @entity379 (137 +/- 230 IU/mL vs 0.41 +/- 0.05 IU/mL, p < 0.0001), immunosuppressive acidic protein (741 +/- 213 micro g/mL vs 445 +/- 180 micro g/mL, p < 0.001) and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (7,618 +/- 3,662 U/mL vs 2,222 +/- 1,027 U/mL, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher for @entity5641 than for other causes of effusion. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that pleural fluid content INF-gamma was the best indicator of @entity3254 among four relevant biological markers. CONCLUSIONS: INF-gamma in pleural fluid is the most sensitive and specific among four biological markers for @entity5641 . Thus, our results suggest that determination of INF-gamma at the onset of @entity1143 is informative for the diagnosis of @entity5641 . Further studies including larger numbers of @entity1 are needed to verify this result.

title: Diagnostic significance of XXXX in tuberculous @entity1143 .

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is minimal information regarding platelet receptors in the family Felidae. Comparative studies assist with identifying @entity3534 critical for protein structure and function. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to compare the gene encoding, and the predicted @entity3689 composition of, platelet membrane receptor subunit @entity27463 in Felidae family members. METHODS: Genomic DNA samples isolated from whole blood of 13 @entity468 and 50 big @entity468 representing 8 different species were subjected to PCR using primers designed to flank the coding region of @entity27463 in overlapping fashion. PCR products were separated via electrophoresis on agarose gels, and extracted products were submitted for sequencing. DNA sequences were used to predict the length and @entity3689 composition of the protein. RESULTS: Varying protein lengths were predicted in Felidae family members which were primarily due to polymorphisms in the variable number of tandem repeats region encoding the macroglycopeptide region of @entity27463 . Other areas of the gene and predicted @entity3689 compositions were fairly conserved when compared to @entity1 sequences and between Felidae family members. CONCLUSION: Various polymorphisms within @entity27463 , including length variants encoding the macroglycopeptide region, were identified in members of the family Felidae. More studies are needed to determine if a correlation exists between various polymorphisms and predisposition for @entity548 or @entity715 as suggested in @entity1 .

title: Comparison of the gene encoding, and the predicted XXXX composition of, platelet membrane receptor subunit glycoprotein Iba in members of the family Felidae.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity468 :: ('9685', 'Species') :: ['domestic cats', 'cats']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the accuracy of dual-energy CT (DECT) in the detection of the chemical composition of urinary calculi in correlation with infrared spectroscopic stone analysis. METHODS: We reviewed the CT scans of 255 @entity1 who underwent DECT due to a clinical suspicion of @entity1791 . Out of this group, we included 64 @entity1 with clinically symptomatic @entity1791 requiring stone removal. After surgical removal of the stone by ureterorenoscopy, chemical composition was analyzed with infrared spectroscopy. We correlated DECT stone characterization results with chemical stone composition based on dual-energy indices (DEI). A total of 213 renal and ureteral stones could be removed and chemically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 213 calculi were evaluated. Thirty eight out of sixty four (59  %) @entity1 had >1 stone. DECT was used to differentiate stones by using DEI. Stones harboring @entity460 (CA) were color-coded in blue, while stones containing @entity414 (UA) were colored red. Median DEI in UA-containing stones were 0.001. Non-UA-containing stones had a DEI between 0.073 for pure CA stones and 0.077 containing CA and other substances (p  =  0.001; p  =  0.03, respectively). Sensitivity of DECT was 98.4  % for differentiation of UA from non-UA-containing calculi. Specificity was 98.1  %. Mean effective radiation dose of DECT was 4.18  @entity2073 (0.44-14.27  @entity2073 ), thus comparable to conventional CT scans of the abdomen. Conventional measurement of Hounsfield units did not correlate with stone composition. CONCLUSION: DECT with image post-processing reliably discriminates UA-containing calculi from all other stones, but the study offered limitations. Discrimination within the non-UA stones cannot be reliably achieved but is clinically insignificant.

title: Dual energy can accurately differentiate XXXX -containing urinary calculi from @entity460 stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate the accuracy of dual-energy CT (DECT) in the detection of the chemical composition of urinary calculi in correlation with infrared spectroscopic stone analysis. METHODS: We reviewed the CT scans of 255 @entity1 who underwent DECT due to a clinical suspicion of @entity1791 . Out of this group, we included 64 @entity1 with clinically symptomatic @entity1791 requiring stone removal. After surgical removal of the stone by ureterorenoscopy, chemical composition was analyzed with infrared spectroscopy. We correlated DECT stone characterization results with chemical stone composition based on dual-energy indices (DEI). A total of 213 renal and ureteral stones could be removed and chemically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 213 calculi were evaluated. Thirty eight out of sixty four (59  %) @entity1 had >1 stone. DECT was used to differentiate stones by using DEI. Stones harboring @entity460 (CA) were color-coded in blue, while stones containing @entity414 (UA) were colored red. Median DEI in UA-containing stones were 0.001. Non-UA-containing stones had a DEI between 0.073 for pure CA stones and 0.077 containing CA and other substances (p  =  0.001; p  =  0.03, respectively). Sensitivity of DECT was 98.4  % for differentiation of UA from non-UA-containing calculi. Specificity was 98.1  %. Mean effective radiation dose of DECT was 4.18  @entity2073 (0.44-14.27  @entity2073 ), thus comparable to conventional CT scans of the abdomen. Conventional measurement of Hounsfield units did not correlate with stone composition. CONCLUSION: DECT with image post-processing reliably discriminates UA-containing calculi from all other stones, but the study offered limitations. Discrimination within the non-UA stones cannot be reliably achieved but is clinically insignificant.

title: Dual energy can accurately differentiate @entity414 -containing urinary calculi from XXXX stones.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) is a common, potentially severe and dose-limiting adverse effect; however, it is poorly investigated at an early stage due to the lack of a simple assessment tool. As sweat glands are innervated by small autonomic C-fibers, sudomotor function testing has been suggested for early screening of @entity1897 . This study aimed to evaluate Sudoscan, a non-invasive and quantitative method to assess sudomotor function, in the detection and follow-up of @entity1897 . Eighty-eight @entity1 receiving at least two infusions of @entity901 only (45.4  %), @entity1311 only (14.8  %), another drug only (28.4  %) or two drugs (11.4  %) were enrolled in the study. At each chemotherapy infusion the accumulated dose of chemotherapy was calculated and the @entity16 Score clinical version (TNSc) was carried out. Small fiber @entity16 was assessed using Sudoscan (a 3-min test). The device measures the Electrochemical Skin Conductance (ESC) of the hands and feet expressed in microSiemens (  S). For @entity1 receiving @entity901 mean hands ESC changed from 73      2 to 63      2 and feet ESC from 77      2 to 66      3   S (p  <  0.001) while TNSc changed from 2.9      0.5 to 4.3      0.4. Similar results were observed in @entity1 receiving @entity1311 or another @entity2359 chemotherapy. During the follow-up, ESC values of both hands and feet with a corresponding TNSc  <  2 were 70      2 and 73      2   S respectively while they were 59      1.4 and 64      1.5   S with a corresponding TNSc  >=   6 (p  <  0.0001 and p  =  0.0003 respectively). This preliminary study suggests that small fiber @entity16 could be screened and followed using Sudoscan in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy.

title: Quick, non-invasive and quantitative assessment of small fiber XXXX in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Total Neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity', 'CIPN', 'peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) is a common, potentially severe and dose-limiting adverse effect; however, it is poorly investigated at an early stage due to the lack of a simple assessment tool. As sweat glands are innervated by small autonomic C-fibers, sudomotor function testing has been suggested for early screening of @entity1897 . This study aimed to evaluate Sudoscan, a non-invasive and quantitative method to assess sudomotor function, in the detection and follow-up of @entity1897 . Eighty-eight @entity1 receiving at least two infusions of @entity901 only (45.4  %), @entity1311 only (14.8  %), another drug only (28.4  %) or two drugs (11.4  %) were enrolled in the study. At each chemotherapy infusion the accumulated dose of chemotherapy was calculated and the @entity16 Score clinical version (TNSc) was carried out. Small fiber @entity16 was assessed using Sudoscan (a 3-min test). The device measures the Electrochemical Skin Conductance (ESC) of the hands and feet expressed in microSiemens (  S). For @entity1 receiving @entity901 mean hands ESC changed from 73      2 to 63      2 and feet ESC from 77      2 to 66      3   S (p  <  0.001) while TNSc changed from 2.9      0.5 to 4.3      0.4. Similar results were observed in @entity1 receiving @entity1311 or another @entity2359 chemotherapy. During the follow-up, ESC values of both hands and feet with a corresponding TNSc  <  2 were 70      2 and 73      2   S respectively while they were 59      1.4 and 64      1.5   S with a corresponding TNSc  >=   6 (p  <  0.0001 and p  =  0.0003 respectively). This preliminary study suggests that small fiber @entity16 could be screened and followed using Sudoscan in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy.

title: Quick, non-invasive and quantitative assessment of small fiber @entity16 in XXXX receiving chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']