abstract: Environmental microbial assays of industrial @entity3178 were conducted following reports of multiple intershift @entity5517 . Pathogenic @entity794 was identified among the microorganisms cultured. This paper suggests that direct contact with industrial @entity3178 provides a potentially significant route of transmission of both @entity41825 . An industrial hygiene ocular health questionnaire was distributed to a first and second shift manufacturing operation to assess the incidence of @entity5517 . These data were compared to the questionnaire responses of 122 control manufacturing workers who did not use microscopes. Based on self-reporting by employees, those who used microscopes were found to have statistically significant incidence of sites and @entity2024 that was 8.3 times that of the control group. Sterilization of eyepieces by @entity11540 , @entity406 and @entity5723 were considered, but ultimately rejected. These biocides were found respectively to @entity16 , contribute to volatile organic emissions, or be ineffective against spore-forming bacteria. This article presents a detailed evaluation of a commercially available ultraviolet sanitization unit (manufactured by the King Bactostat Corp., 7115 Armistad Street, El Paso, TX 79912). This ultraviolet disinfection process proved to be rapid and emission free; it also yielded eyepieces free of residual chemical biocides that have the potential for ocular irritation. Field tests involving 60 eyepieces demonstrated effective disinfection by a Chi-Square statistical comparison, at values greater than 95% confidence level, as compared to unirradiated eyepieces.

title: Microscopes and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infections']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage ocular lens coatings']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscope eyepieces']

entities_list: @entity41825 :: ('MESH:D015828', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and viral ocular infections']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropyl alcohol']

answer: @entity5517 :: (MESH:D015817,Disease) :: ['ocular infections']


abstract: This 20-year follow-up report presents the incidence of definite coronary events and its relation to serum total @entity165 (TC) and alpha-lipoprotein @entity165 percentage (percentage of serum TC bound with alpha-lipoprotein), now usually called high-density lipoprotein @entity165 percentage (HDL-C%). The cohort consists of 1,454 @entity1 and 1,481 @entity1 , presumably healthy, aged 35 to 64 years at the time of entrance examination in 1964. During the follow-up period 123 @entity1 and 44 @entity1 died from @entity301 . Ninety-six @entity1 and 42 @entity1 had nonfatal @entity583 . The incidence of definite coronary events increased from 6% in @entity1 with TC levels of less than 200 mg/dl to 25% in @entity1 with levels of more than 264 mg/dl. The corresponding figures in @entity1 were 3% and 10%. The incidence of definite coronary events was inversely correlated to HDL-C%. The incidence of definite coronary events in 225 @entity1 with HDL-C% of less than 14% was 28%, and in 669 @entity1 with HDL-C% of 21% or more, 7%. The corresponding figures in 234 @entity1 with HDL-C% of less than 17% was 14%, and in 853 @entity1 with HDL-C% of 23% or more, 2%. Two HDL-C% subsets were assessed: "low" and "high" subsets refer to HDL-C% of less than 21% and 21% or more, respectively, in @entity1 and less than 23% and 23% or more in @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relation of serum total XXXX and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 percentage to the incidence of definite coronary events: twenty-year follow-up of the Donolo-Tel Aviv Prospective Coronary Artery Disease Study.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: This 20-year follow-up report presents the incidence of definite coronary events and its relation to serum total @entity165 (TC) and alpha-lipoprotein @entity165 percentage (percentage of serum TC bound with alpha-lipoprotein), now usually called high-density lipoprotein @entity165 percentage (HDL-C%). The cohort consists of 1,454 @entity1 and 1,481 @entity1 , presumably healthy, aged 35 to 64 years at the time of entrance examination in 1964. During the follow-up period 123 @entity1 and 44 @entity1 died from @entity301 . Ninety-six @entity1 and 42 @entity1 had nonfatal @entity583 . The incidence of definite coronary events increased from 6% in @entity1 with TC levels of less than 200 mg/dl to 25% in @entity1 with levels of more than 264 mg/dl. The corresponding figures in @entity1 were 3% and 10%. The incidence of definite coronary events was inversely correlated to HDL-C%. The incidence of definite coronary events in 225 @entity1 with HDL-C% of less than 14% was 28%, and in 669 @entity1 with HDL-C% of 21% or more, 7%. The corresponding figures in 234 @entity1 with HDL-C% of less than 17% was 14%, and in 853 @entity1 with HDL-C% of 23% or more, 2%. Two HDL-C% subsets were assessed: "low" and "high" subsets refer to HDL-C% of less than 21% and 21% or more, respectively, in @entity1 and less than 23% and 23% or more in @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relation of serum total @entity165 and high-density lipoprotein XXXX percentage to the incidence of definite coronary events: twenty-year follow-up of the Donolo-Tel Aviv Prospective Coronary Artery Disease Study.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Of 244 @entity1 with @entity978 , 126 (52%) had an abnormal mediastinum. Sixty-four @entity1 were treated with radiation, 36 with radiation and chemotherapy, and 25 with chemotherapy alone as an initial treatment. Twenty of 52 (38%) with stage I or II who received initially radiation alone relapsed, and 70% (14 of 20) of them were salvaged with chemotherapy. Therefore, the ultimate failure rate was 12% (6 of 52). Forty percent (8 of 20) of these @entity1 failed within or at the margin of the radiation portal, and 60% failed predominantly outside of the radiation field. Even though we did not treat the whole lung prophylactically, there was only one true peripheral lung recurrence. Nine of 20 (45%) recurred in more than one site. Of 36 @entity1 treated with combined radiation and chemotherapy, 21 @entity1 had stage I, II, or IIIA disease. Of these, two @entity1 relapsed. Of 86 @entity1 with accessible x-ray films, 30 @entity1 had large masses with a ratio of mass to transverse diameter greater than .33 at the broadest level. Fifty-six @entity1 had small masses. Survival at 96 months in @entity1 with stages I-IIIA with either large or small masses is 94% (p = 0.80). Their relapse-free survival at 96 months is 79% for large masses and 95% for small masses (p = 0.18). The site of relapse is discussed in detail in the text. There were five treatment-related deaths; three @entity1 died of @entity3052 . Our data do not support the role of whole-lung prophylactic irradiation or initial combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy in @entity1 with large mediastinal masses.

title: Observations on the treatment of mediastinal masses in XXXX emphasizing site of failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traumatic @entity1566 is a @entity74 in which early prediction of ambulation is important to counsel @entity1 and to plan rehabilitation. We developed a reliable, validated prediction rule to assess a @entity1 's chances of walking independently after such injury. METHODS: We undertook a longitudinal cohort study of adult @entity1 with traumatic @entity1566 , with early (within the first 15 days after injury) and late (1-year follow-up) clinical examinations, who were admitted to one of 19 European centres between July, 2001, and June, 2008. A clinical prediction rule based on age and neurological variables was derived from the international standards for neurological classification of @entity1566 with a multivariate logistic regression model. Primary outcome measure 1 year after injury was independent indoor walking based on the Spinal Cord Independence Measure. Model performances were quantified with respect to discrimination (area under receiver-operating-characteristics curve [AUC]). Temporal validation was done in a second group of @entity1 from July, 2008, to December, 2009. FINDINGS: Of 1442 @entity1 with @entity1566 , 492 had available outcome measures. A combination of age (<65 vs >= 65 years), motor scores of the quadriceps femoris (L3), gastrocsoleus (S1) muscles, and light touch sensation of dermatomes L3 and S1 showed excellent discrimination in distinguishing independent walkers from dependent walkers and non-walkers (AUC 0  956, 95% CI 0  936-0  976, p<0  0001). Temporal validation in 99 @entity1 confirmed excellent discriminating ability of the prediction rule (AUC 0  967, 0  939-0  995, p<0  0001). INTERPRETATION: Our prediction rule, including age and four neurological tests, can give an early prognosis of an individual's ability to walk after traumatic @entity1566 , which can be used to set rehabilitation goals and might improve the ability to stratify @entity1 in interventional trials. FUNDING: Internationale Stiftung f  r Forschung in Paraplegie.

title: A clinical prediction rule for ambulation outcomes after traumatic XXXX : a longitudinal cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['serious disorder']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surveillance of trends in @entity5 management can help in service evaluation and quality improvement. @entity1 AND METHODS: We used East Anglia @entity5 registration data from 1995-2006 on 3063 @entity1 with @entity43 . We described treatment patterns and examined their predictors using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Use of chemotherapy (with/without surgery) and of surgery (with/without chemotherapy) remained stable over time (59% and 69% of @entity1 , respectively). Use of surgery was less frequent in most deprived compared with most affluent @entity1 (64% vs. 73% respectively; adjusted per increasing deprivation group quintile OR = 0.88, p = 0.001). Among @entity1 treated by surgery, use of omentectomy and of exenteration increased over time (37% in 1995-8 vs. 56% in 2003-6 for omentectomy, and 2% vs. 8% for exenteration respectively, p < 0.001 for both). More deprived @entity1 were less likely to be treated with omentectomy [42% vs. 53% for most deprived and more affluent @entity1 respectively (adjusted OR = 0.91, p = 0.017)]. CONCLUSION: Socioeconomic differences in use of @entity43 surgery require further elucidation. Use of some types of surgery increased over time, potentially reflecting changes in service organisation. The findings provide a 'benchmark' for future treatment pattern surveillance, and regional or international comparisons.

title: Trends in the surgical management of XXXX in East Anglia 1995-2006.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: We previously cloned a cDNA for @entity5121 dehydrogenase (SDH1) from @entity12638 . In the present study we cloned two additional cDNAs encoding SDHs (designated as SDH2a and @entity72616 ). The @entity535 sequences of SDH2ab were almost the same and had higher similarity to the SDHs of other organisms than to @entity12638 SDH1. The SDH2ab and SDH1genes were located in tandem within about 40 kbp on chromosome 21. SDH2ab mRNAs increased after exposing diapause eggs to 5   C for 40 days, beginning at 2 days post-oviposition, to break diapause. However, they were at very low levels in diapausing eggs incubated at 25   C continuously from oviposition. These changes in expression pattern of SDH2ab mRNA were almost the same as that of SDH1 mRNA. To understand whether SDH1 and SDH2 were responsible for the @entity72617 activity seen in diapause eggs exposed to 5   C for more than 60 days, we expressed a His-tagged SDH2a fusion protein in @entity526 and examined its enzymatic parameters. The maximum activity of SDH2a observed at pH 8.4   9.0, and the Km value for @entity5121 was 12.6 mM, similar to the kinetic properties of other SDHs. Due to the significantly higher similarity between SDH2a and b, they were thought to have similar kinetic properties. Therefore, we purified @entity72617 from @entity12638 diapause-terminated eggs exposed to 5   C for 300 days which showed higher @entity72617 activity using two-step affinity chromatography. The highly purified @entity72617 showed a higher Km value (125 mM) for @entity5121 , being similar to the value (136 mM) determined previously from Eadie-Hofstee plots using egg crude extract as an enzyme source; additionally, the plots showed one slope indicating one Km value. Moreover, in silico analysis indicated that no @entity72617 genes other than SDH1 and 2ab are present in @entity12638 genomic DNA. These results suggest that SDH1 activity may be responsible for the majority of the increased @entity72617 activity seen in diapause eggs after acclimation to 5   C rather than SDH2ab. Further, the relative sequence divergence among these genes is consistent with the idea/hypothesis that the original @entity72617 gene was first duplicated into SDH1 and SDH2, and then SDH2 was duplicated into the SDH2a and @entity72616 genes.

title: Cloning of cDNAs encoding XXXX dehydrogenase-2a and b, enzymatic characterization, and up-regulated expression of the genes in @entity12638 diapause eggs exposed to 5   C.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity5121 :: (MESH:D013012,Chemical) :: ['sorbitol']


abstract: We previously cloned a cDNA for @entity5121 dehydrogenase (SDH1) from @entity12638 . In the present study we cloned two additional cDNAs encoding SDHs (designated as SDH2a and @entity72616 ). The @entity535 sequences of SDH2ab were almost the same and had higher similarity to the SDHs of other organisms than to @entity12638 SDH1. The SDH2ab and SDH1genes were located in tandem within about 40 kbp on chromosome 21. SDH2ab mRNAs increased after exposing diapause eggs to 5   C for 40 days, beginning at 2 days post-oviposition, to break diapause. However, they were at very low levels in diapausing eggs incubated at 25   C continuously from oviposition. These changes in expression pattern of SDH2ab mRNA were almost the same as that of SDH1 mRNA. To understand whether SDH1 and SDH2 were responsible for the @entity72617 activity seen in diapause eggs exposed to 5   C for more than 60 days, we expressed a His-tagged SDH2a fusion protein in @entity526 and examined its enzymatic parameters. The maximum activity of SDH2a observed at pH 8.4   9.0, and the Km value for @entity5121 was 12.6 mM, similar to the kinetic properties of other SDHs. Due to the significantly higher similarity between SDH2a and b, they were thought to have similar kinetic properties. Therefore, we purified @entity72617 from @entity12638 diapause-terminated eggs exposed to 5   C for 300 days which showed higher @entity72617 activity using two-step affinity chromatography. The highly purified @entity72617 showed a higher Km value (125 mM) for @entity5121 , being similar to the value (136 mM) determined previously from Eadie-Hofstee plots using egg crude extract as an enzyme source; additionally, the plots showed one slope indicating one Km value. Moreover, in silico analysis indicated that no @entity72617 genes other than SDH1 and 2ab are present in @entity12638 genomic DNA. These results suggest that SDH1 activity may be responsible for the majority of the increased @entity72617 activity seen in diapause eggs after acclimation to 5   C rather than SDH2ab. Further, the relative sequence divergence among these genes is consistent with the idea/hypothesis that the original @entity72617 gene was first duplicated into SDH1 and SDH2, and then SDH2 was duplicated into the SDH2a and @entity72616 genes.

title: Cloning of cDNAs encoding @entity5121 dehydrogenase-2a and b, enzymatic characterization, and up-regulated expression of the genes in XXXX diapause eggs exposed to 5   C.

answer: @entity12638 :: (7091,Species) :: ['Bombyx mori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10485 is an underrecognized cause of @entity1353 , recurrent @entity1729 , and cough. Surgical stabilization with posterior membranous tracheobronchoplasty has been shown to be effective in selected @entity1 with severe disease. This study examines the technical details and complications of this operation. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database of @entity10485 @entity1 was queried retrospectively to review all consecutive tracheobronchoplasties performed from October 2002 to June 2009. Posterior splinting was performed with @entity7502 mesh. @entity1 demographics, surgical outcomes, and operative data were reviewed. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 underwent surgical correction of tracheal and bilateral @entity2488 . Twenty-three @entity1 had @entity1030 , 18 had @entity565 , 5 had @entity37796 , and 4 had @entity401 . Seven @entity1 had a previous tracheotomy. Operative time was 373    93 minutes. Median length of stay was 8 days (range, 4 to 92 days), of which 3 days (range, 0 to 91 days) were in intensive care. Seventy-five percent of @entity1 were discharged home (28% with visiting nurse follow-up), and 25% went to a rehabilitation facility. Two @entity1 (3.2%) died postoperatively-1 of worsening usual @entity401 , and the other of massive @entity1151 . Complications included a new @entity1729 in 14 @entity1 , @entity1151 in 2, and @entity955 in 6. Six @entity1 required reintubation, and 9 received a postoperative tracheotomy; 47 @entity1 required postoperative aspiration bronchoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: In experienced hands, tracheobronchoplasty can be performed with a very low mortality rate and an acceptable perioperative complications rate in @entity1 with significant @entity358 . Intervention for postoperative @entity1576 is often necessary.

title: Technical aspects and outcomes of tracheobronchoplasty for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity37796 :: ('MESH:D014137', 'Disease') :: ['Mounier-Kuhn syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10485 :: ('MESH:D055089', 'Disease') :: ['Tracheobronchomalacia', 'tracheobronchomalacia']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial malacia']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections', 'respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease', 'interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory morbidity']

answer: @entity10485 :: (MESH:D055089,Disease) :: ['tracheobronchomalacia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A correlation between @entity73 and @entity1654 is frequently reported. It is unknown whether this @entity73 develops gradually as a consequence of @entity1654 or precedes the onset of @entity410 . In the latter case both @entity73 and @entity1654 may be symptoms of an underlying syndrome or both develop during the process of epileptogenesis. METHODS: Non-comparative clinical cohort study of 48 @entity1 with @entity1654 ( @entity1 's mean age is 9 years, and 7 months; SD is 1 year, and 8 months). They were screened for previous and current @entity73 and their reading skills were examined. RESULTS: 23% of @entity1 with @entity1654 had speech therapy in the past and 35% repeated a year on primary school, which is more often compared to the Dutch population of @entity1 . Their results on a reading task revealed lower scores. CONCLUSIONS: Language is impaired in @entity1 with @entity1654 . In some @entity1 this @entity73 may even be a precursor, for the @entity1654 . It is undecided however, whether the @entity73 develops gradually after the onset of @entity302 , whether @entity1654 and @entity73 are both symptoms of an underlying syndrome or both develop during the process of epileptogenesis as we observed in some @entity1 the onset of @entity73 before the onset of @entity302 .

title: Impaired language performance as a precursor or consequence of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment', 'impairment of language']

entities_list: @entity1654 :: ('MESH:D019305', 'Disease') :: ['Rolandic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1654 :: (MESH:D019305,Disease) :: ['Rolandic epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity303 among @entity1 born in the year 1930 or before, who were living in Granarolo, Ravenna province, on December 31, 1991. DESIGN: Population study, carried out in two phases: in the first was phase all @entity1 were administered two screening tests for @entity303 . In the second phase, @entity1 who screened positive underwent detailed clinical and cognitive assessments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) were administered as screening tests. In the second phase the screened-positive subjects underwent a general and neurological examination, and a detailed neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS: Of the 557 @entity1 , 56 were clinically diagnosed as demented. Twenty-nine @entity1 were diagnosed as affected by @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and 14 @entity1 by @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ). The crude prevalence ratios for @entity303 were 9.1% (95% C.I. = 5.29-12.89) for @entity1 and 12.7% (95% C.I. = 8.84-16.6) for @entity1 . The prevalence of all @entity303 , as well as @entity195 , increased steeply every five years of age for both @entity1 and @entity1 up to 90 years of age. @entity1 had higher prevalence of all @entity303 and @entity195 than @entity1 , more evident in the advanced ages. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are in agreement with similar studies carried out in European populations, showing that prevalence of @entity303 increases with increasing age. If we consider that in Italy the oldest (those 80 years and older) are the fastest growing part of the elderly population, we can expect that @entity303 will be a major emerging public health problem, as it is one of the most common diseases in the very elderly and a major cause of disability and mortality.

title: [The prevalence of XXXX in a population-based study carried out in Granarolo, Ravenna].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia', 'VaD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Epidural analgesia is the gold standard for post-thoracotomy @entity158 relief but is contraindicated in certain @entity1 . An alternative is @entity616 . We investigated whether @entity1342 , administered through a paravertebral catheter placed by the surgeon, reduced @entity282 . METHODS: In a randomized double-blind study, adult @entity1 with a paravertebral catheter placed by the thoracic surgeon after thoracotomy were randomly assigned to receive through this catheter, either a 0.1 mlkg(-1) bolus of 0.5% @entity1342 , followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1 mlkg(-1)h(-1) for 48 h, or saline at the same scheme of administration. @entity1 also benefited from @entity1 -controlled analgesia with intravenous @entity1286 (bolus 1mg, lockout time 7 min), @entity1443 , and nefopam. The primary endpoint was @entity158 intensity on a visual analog scale at rest and on coughing. Secondary endpoints were total @entity1286 consumption and side effects during the first 48 postoperative hours. Surgeons, anesthesiologists, and all the nurses and caring staff involved in this study were blinded. Solutions of saline and @entity1342 were prepared identically by the central pharmacy, without any possible identification of the product. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 with contraindications to epidural anesthesia were included. There were no significant differences between the groups receiving @entity1342 and saline in terms of @entity158 severity at rest and on coughing, mean postoperative @entity1286 consumption (45.7 mg for @entity1342 , 43.2mg in controls), and incidence of @entity1286 -related side effects ( @entity390 and @entity391 , urinary retention, @entity111 , respiratory rate, and sedation). CONCLUSIONS: Paravertebral block using a catheter placed by the thoracic surgeon was ineffective on @entity282 after thoracotomy and did not confirm the analgesic effect that has been observed after percutaneous catheter placement. A direct comparison of these two placement methods is required.

title: Intra-operative XXXX for postoperative analgesia in thoracotomy @entity1 : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['paravertebral block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['paravertebral block']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Epidural analgesia is the gold standard for post-thoracotomy @entity158 relief but is contraindicated in certain @entity1 . An alternative is @entity616 . We investigated whether @entity1342 , administered through a paravertebral catheter placed by the surgeon, reduced @entity282 . METHODS: In a randomized double-blind study, adult @entity1 with a paravertebral catheter placed by the thoracic surgeon after thoracotomy were randomly assigned to receive through this catheter, either a 0.1 mlkg(-1) bolus of 0.5% @entity1342 , followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1 mlkg(-1)h(-1) for 48 h, or saline at the same scheme of administration. @entity1 also benefited from @entity1 -controlled analgesia with intravenous @entity1286 (bolus 1mg, lockout time 7 min), @entity1443 , and nefopam. The primary endpoint was @entity158 intensity on a visual analog scale at rest and on coughing. Secondary endpoints were total @entity1286 consumption and side effects during the first 48 postoperative hours. Surgeons, anesthesiologists, and all the nurses and caring staff involved in this study were blinded. Solutions of saline and @entity1342 were prepared identically by the central pharmacy, without any possible identification of the product. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 with contraindications to epidural anesthesia were included. There were no significant differences between the groups receiving @entity1342 and saline in terms of @entity158 severity at rest and on coughing, mean postoperative @entity1286 consumption (45.7 mg for @entity1342 , 43.2mg in controls), and incidence of @entity1286 -related side effects ( @entity390 and @entity391 , urinary retention, @entity111 , respiratory rate, and sedation). CONCLUSIONS: Paravertebral block using a catheter placed by the thoracic surgeon was ineffective on @entity282 after thoracotomy and did not confirm the analgesic effect that has been observed after percutaneous catheter placement. A direct comparison of these two placement methods is required.

title: Intra-operative @entity616 for postoperative analgesia in thoracotomy XXXX : a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Challenges remain in the imaging of the lungs of free-breathing @entity19 . Although computed tomographic (CT) imaging is near optimal from a contrast perspective, the rapid respiration rate, limited temporal resolution, and inflexible x-ray pulse control of most micro-CT scanners limit their utility in pulmonary imaging. @entity505 nanotubes (CNTs) have permitted the development of field emission cathodes, with rapid switching and precise pulse control. The goal of this study was to explore the utility of a CNT-based micro-CT system for application in quantitative pulmonary imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve CB57/B6 @entity19 were imaged during peak inspiration and end-exhalation using the CNT micro-CT system. The respiratory trace was derived from a sensor placed underneath the abdomen of the animal. Animals were allowed to breathe freely during the imaging under @entity5161 anesthesia. Images were reconstructed using isotropic voxels of 77- m resolution (50 kVp, 400 projections, 30-ms x-ray pulse). Lung volumes were measured with region-growing techniques and thresholds derived from the surrounding air and soft tissues. Basic functional parameters, including tidal volume, functional reserve capacity and minute volume, were also calculated. RESULTS: The average scan time was 13.4    1.8 minutes for each phase of the respiratory cycle. Mean lung volumes at peak inspiration and end-expiration were 0.23    0.026 and 0.11    0.024 mL, respectively. The average minute volume was 11.93    2.64 mL/min. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate the utility of a CNT-based micro-CT system in acquiring prospectively gated images from free-breathing @entity19 for obtaining physiologic data. This technique provides an alternative to breath-hold techniques requiring intubation and offers greater dose efficiency than retrospective gating techniques.

title: Prospective respiratory gated XXXX nanotube micro computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 is a rare @entity43 and is thought to be a different histopathologic subtype from hepatoid-type yolk sac @entity5 based upon its pathologic features. However, the cytopathologic characteristics of @entity43 ( @entity43 ) have not been reported previously. We report the clinicopathologic and cytopathologic features and immunoreactivity of a case of @entity43 . CASE: A 36-year-old @entity1 presented to our department with lower @entity490 . @entity43 was found on pelvic examination, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. The @entity5 was diagnosed as a @entity189 of the left ovary based upon the histopathology of the surgically resected specimen. Cytopathologic specimens from a @entity5 touch preparation of the @entity5 exhibited @entity5 cells with abundant cytoplasm. The nuclei contained rough, granular chromatin and large, prominent nucleoli. Several @entity5 cells were multinucleated. @entity5 cells were immunoreactive for @entity160 ( @entity160 ). @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining revealed that the @entity5 cells were in a sinusoidal pattern resembling @entity157 without any glandular formation. The @entity5 cells were negative for @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin while positive for @entity160 , alpha-1-antitripsin, CA-125 and carcinoembryonic antigen. CONCLUSION: Cytopathologic examination is of considerable aid in the diagnosis of @entity43 since cytopathologic preparations highlight the characteristic cell pleomorphism.

title: Cytopathologic and clinicopathologic features of XXXX . A case report.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['A left ovarian tumor', 'OHC', 'ovarian hepatoid carcinoma', 'ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pleomorphic tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoid carcinoma', 'Hepatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hepatoid carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Shenmai Injection (SMI) and @entity3416 on small airway smooth muscle cell (SASMC) apoptosis and the Fas/ @entity23975 expression in the papain induced @entity2415 model @entity35 . METHODS: @entity2415 model in @entity35 was established by a single intratracheal instillation of papain. Apoptosis and Fas/ @entity23975 expression of SASMC were examined by immunohistochemical SABC and TUNEL assay at 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 days after modelling, and the effect of SMI and @entity3416 on them were observed. RESULTS: Fas, @entity23975 expressions in normal SASMC were very low with a positive rate of (2.31 +/- 0.05)% and (1.28 +/- 0.47)% respectively. After papain instillation, the positive rates increased along with the prolonging of instillation time. SMI showed an inhibition on SASMC Fas and @entity23975 expression but @entity3416 didn't show. SASMC apoptosis was very low in normal @entity35 with a rate of (0.87 +/- 0.32)%, it also raised after papain instillation and increased progressively along with the instillation time. SMI treatment could lower the apoptosis rate but @entity3416 couldn't. CONCLUSION: Fas and @entity23975 participated the SASMC apoptosis modulation in @entity2415 formation. SMI shows a definite treatment effect on @entity2415 by influencing the Fas and @entity23975 protein expression and reducing SASMC apoptosis through inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediator.

title: [Effect of shenmai injection and XXXX on small airway smooth muscle cell apoptosis and related gene expression in @entity35 with @entity2415 ].

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['Emphysema', 'emphysema']

answer: @entity3416 :: (MESH:D000628,Chemical) :: ['aminophylline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Shenmai Injection (SMI) and @entity3416 on small airway smooth muscle cell (SASMC) apoptosis and the Fas/ @entity23975 expression in the papain induced @entity2415 model @entity35 . METHODS: @entity2415 model in @entity35 was established by a single intratracheal instillation of papain. Apoptosis and Fas/ @entity23975 expression of SASMC were examined by immunohistochemical SABC and TUNEL assay at 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 days after modelling, and the effect of SMI and @entity3416 on them were observed. RESULTS: Fas, @entity23975 expressions in normal SASMC were very low with a positive rate of (2.31 +/- 0.05)% and (1.28 +/- 0.47)% respectively. After papain instillation, the positive rates increased along with the prolonging of instillation time. SMI showed an inhibition on SASMC Fas and @entity23975 expression but @entity3416 didn't show. SASMC apoptosis was very low in normal @entity35 with a rate of (0.87 +/- 0.32)%, it also raised after papain instillation and increased progressively along with the instillation time. SMI treatment could lower the apoptosis rate but @entity3416 couldn't. CONCLUSION: Fas and @entity23975 participated the SASMC apoptosis modulation in @entity2415 formation. SMI shows a definite treatment effect on @entity2415 by influencing the Fas and @entity23975 protein expression and reducing SASMC apoptosis through inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediator.

title: [Effect of shenmai injection and @entity3416 on small airway smooth muscle cell apoptosis and related gene expression in @entity35 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Shenmai Injection (SMI) and @entity3416 on small airway smooth muscle cell (SASMC) apoptosis and the Fas/ @entity23975 expression in the papain induced @entity2415 model @entity35 . METHODS: @entity2415 model in @entity35 was established by a single intratracheal instillation of papain. Apoptosis and Fas/ @entity23975 expression of SASMC were examined by immunohistochemical SABC and TUNEL assay at 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 days after modelling, and the effect of SMI and @entity3416 on them were observed. RESULTS: Fas, @entity23975 expressions in normal SASMC were very low with a positive rate of (2.31 +/- 0.05)% and (1.28 +/- 0.47)% respectively. After papain instillation, the positive rates increased along with the prolonging of instillation time. SMI showed an inhibition on SASMC Fas and @entity23975 expression but @entity3416 didn't show. SASMC apoptosis was very low in normal @entity35 with a rate of (0.87 +/- 0.32)%, it also raised after papain instillation and increased progressively along with the instillation time. SMI treatment could lower the apoptosis rate but @entity3416 couldn't. CONCLUSION: Fas and @entity23975 participated the SASMC apoptosis modulation in @entity2415 formation. SMI shows a definite treatment effect on @entity2415 by influencing the Fas and @entity23975 protein expression and reducing SASMC apoptosis through inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediator.

title: [Effect of shenmai injection and @entity3416 on small airway smooth muscle cell apoptosis and related gene expression in XXXX with @entity2415 ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in survivors of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) seems to vary with time, type of treatments and GH status. We aimed to evaluate @entity79 in @entity981 @entity1 with @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ), with and without GH therapy. DESIGN: Case-control study. METHODS: We examined 44 (21 @entity1 ) @entity2338 @entity1 (median 25 years) treated with cranial radiotherapy (18-24 Gy) and chemotherapy and matched population controls for @entity79 with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. For 5 and 8 years, two subgroups with (0.5mg/day) (n=16) and without GH therapy (n=13) and matched controls were followed respectively. RESULTS: At baseline, no significant differences in @entity79 or Z-scores at femoral neck and L2-L4 were recorded (all P>0.3). After another 8 years with @entity2338 , the Z-scores at femoral neck had significantly decreased compared with baseline (0.0 to -0.5; P<0.03) and became lower at the femoral neck (P=0.05), and at L2-L4 (P<0.03), compared with controls. After 5 years of GH therapy, only female @entity981 @entity1 had a significantly lower femoral neck Z-scores (P=0.03). The female @entity981 @entity1 reached an @entity442 level of -0.7 s.d. and male @entity1 reached the level of +0.05 s.d. CONCLUSIONS: On average, 25 years after diagnosis, GH-deficient @entity981 @entity1 experienced a significant decrease in Z-scores at femoral neck, and if Z-scores continue to decrease, there could be a premature risk for @entity170 . GH therapy was not shown to have a clear beneficial effect on @entity79 . Whether higher GH doses, particularly in @entity1 , will improve Z-scores needs further investigation.

title: Bone loss after childhood XXXX : an observational study with and without GH therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency', 'GHD']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: Cord blood-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) are proposed as an alternative cell source to repair brain damage upon transplantation. However, there is a lack of data showing how these cells are driven to generate desired phenotypes by recipient nervous tissue. Previous research indicates that local environment provides signals driving the fate of stem cells. To investigate the impact of these local cues interaction, the authors used a model of cord blood-derived NSCs co-cultured with different @entity35 brain-specific primary cultures, creating the neural-like microenvironment conditions in vitro. Neuronal and astro-, oligo-, and microglia cell cultures were obtained by the previously described methods. The @entity15307 -labeled neural stem cells originated from, non-transformed @entity1 umbilical cord blood cell line ( @entity1358 ) established in a laboratory. The authors show that the close vicinity of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes promotes neuronal differentiation of @entity1358 , whereas postmitotic neurons induce oligodendrogliogenesis of these cells. In turn, microglia or endothelial cells do not favor any phenotypes of their neural commitment. Studies have confirmed that @entity1358 can read cues from the neurogenic microenvironment, attaining features of neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes. The specific responses of neurally committed cord blood-derived cells, reported in this work, are very much similar to those described previously for NSCs derived from other "more typical" sources. This further proves their genuine neural nature. Apart from having a better insight into the neurogenesis in the adult brain, these findings might be important when predicting cord blood cell derivative behavior after their transplantation for @entity16 .

title: Cellular environment directs differentiation of XXXX umbilical cord blood-derived neural stem cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Lymphadectomy should extend to the level of the origin of the primary feeding vessel, suspected positive lymph nodes outside the standart resection should be removed when feasible. A minimum 5 cm bowel margins proximally and distally should be used and peroperative histology must confermend @entity5 free @entity254 . En-block resection should be performed for @entity5 adherent to local structures. Inadvertent bowel perforation increases the risk of recurrence and should be avoided. Ovaries grossly involved with @entity5 should be removed. In all @entity1 having operations for @entity694 should be performed. In premenopausal @entity1 the ovary is a frequent site for metastatic disease (the @entity13305 ) which occures as often as 25 percent of the time. The incidence of of @entity43 is much lower in postmenopausal @entity1 but the consequences of oophorectomy are also less severe in that age group. (Ref. 9.).

title: Oncological radicality in XXXX operation.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian metastasis']

entities_list: @entity13305 :: ('MESH:D007725', 'Disease') :: ['Krukenberg tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the colon bilateral oophorectomy']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarise the clinical and economic literature relating to the effect of Cavilon No Sting Barrier Film on the incidence of @entity322 -associated @entity1909 , which is a risk factor for pressure ulceration and exudate-related peri-wound @entity272 . METHOD: A systematic literature search was performed using available computerised databases for publications on Cavilon barrier film and other relevant terms. Six clinical studies were identified providing data on 1,563 @entity1 treated with the barrier film or a comparator. The publications comprised prospective studies, randomised and non-randomised studies, multicentre trials, single-centre reports and a volunteer study. Due to the nature of the comparators, five studies were open-label. Differences in methodology and outcomes made a qualitative review the most appropriate analysis. RESULTS: The barrier film was at least as effective as petroleum ointments and more effective than @entity1947 formulations in preventing @entity322 -associated @entity1909 . The barrier film was also effective in peri-wound skin protection, although its clinical efficacy was not significantly different to that of petroleum ointments and @entity1947 formulations. Nevertheless, the barrier film was more cost-effective than either petroleum ointments or @entity1947 formulations in managing @entity322 -associated @entity1909 and peri-wound skin protection, largely due to savings in nursing time. CONCLUSION: The barrier film is at least as clinically effective and potentially more cost-effective in @entity322 -associated @entity1909 prophylaxis and peri-wound skin protection than petroleum ointments or @entity1947 formulations, releasing health care resources for alternative use. Further studies are required to quantify the relative efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the barrier film and other barrier formulations in different clinical settings and enhance the quality of the evidence base.

title: Clinical and economic evidence supporting a transparent barrier film dressing in XXXX -associated @entity1909 and peri-wound skin protection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin damage']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarise the clinical and economic literature relating to the effect of Cavilon No Sting Barrier Film on the incidence of @entity322 -associated @entity1909 , which is a risk factor for pressure ulceration and exudate-related peri-wound @entity272 . METHOD: A systematic literature search was performed using available computerised databases for publications on Cavilon barrier film and other relevant terms. Six clinical studies were identified providing data on 1,563 @entity1 treated with the barrier film or a comparator. The publications comprised prospective studies, randomised and non-randomised studies, multicentre trials, single-centre reports and a volunteer study. Due to the nature of the comparators, five studies were open-label. Differences in methodology and outcomes made a qualitative review the most appropriate analysis. RESULTS: The barrier film was at least as effective as petroleum ointments and more effective than @entity1947 formulations in preventing @entity322 -associated @entity1909 . The barrier film was also effective in peri-wound skin protection, although its clinical efficacy was not significantly different to that of petroleum ointments and @entity1947 formulations. Nevertheless, the barrier film was more cost-effective than either petroleum ointments or @entity1947 formulations in managing @entity322 -associated @entity1909 and peri-wound skin protection, largely due to savings in nursing time. CONCLUSION: The barrier film is at least as clinically effective and potentially more cost-effective in @entity322 -associated @entity1909 prophylaxis and peri-wound skin protection than petroleum ointments or @entity1947 formulations, releasing health care resources for alternative use. Further studies are required to quantify the relative efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the barrier film and other barrier formulations in different clinical settings and enhance the quality of the evidence base.

title: Clinical and economic evidence supporting a transparent barrier film dressing in @entity322 -associated XXXX and peri-wound skin protection.

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['dermatitis']


abstract: This case report of a metastasizing @entity84 with a review of the literature was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the biologic behavior of this exceedingly rare @entity5 and thus to facilitate its clinical management. The lung was by far the most frequent metastatic site. Thus, all 7 @entity1 with a proven @entity3 recorded up to now including the present case had developed multiple pulmonary metastases. The interval between the initial diagnosis of the primary and manifestation of lung metastases proved to be long, with a mean of 8.4 years. The average survival time was at least 12.3 years. The mean interval between diagnosis of @entity3 and @entity204 amounted to at least 6.3 years. The histomorphologic features of @entity3 , its local recurrences and of the metastatic lesions differed in no way from conventional @entity84 . Because of the lack of cellular criteria of @entity5 it is impossible to predict the potential biologic behavior of @entity84 , in particular with respect to their ability to metastasize. However, the presence of @entity5 emboli in the @entity75 is highly suggestive of a subsequent development of @entity3 . The delayed induction of hematogenous metastases is best explained by a limited growth potential of the @entity5 cells. In case of a large @entity5 --especially in flat bones--with soft tissue invasion or in the presence of @entity5 emboli an aggressive surgical approach is suggested. When lung metastases have developed their surgical removal is recommended to hopefully prolong live expectancy or even to obtain a curative effect.

title: Histology and biology of XXXX . Report of a case with a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic chondroblastoma', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity84 :: ('MESH:D002804', 'Disease') :: ['chondroblastomas', 'chondroblastoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic chondroblastoma']


abstract: Our work has been focused on understanding the mechanism of @entity910 associated with @entity6447 . The hypothesis tested is that the cerebellum acts to modulate muscle activity across multiple joints in anticipation of the mechanical interaction torques generated by one's own movement and by external forces. Individuals with @entity76 were studied in two sets of experiments. In the first experiment, we studied how cerebellar subjects' movement changed when interaction torques were present, and then reduced via mechanically constraining movement to a single joint. Consistent with the hypothesis, it was found that cerebellar endpoint errors were greatly improved when interaction torques were reduced. We also found that @entity76 in the unconstrained condition were not explained by a general failure of torque timing or magnitude scaling. This supports the idea that the cerebellum plays a specific and important role in adjusting for the dynamics of one's own body movements. In the second experiment, we studied how well cerebellar subjects could adapt arm movements to external loads. Cerebellar subjects were tested as they adapted a catching movement to balls of different weight. It was found that they were slow or unable to adapt through practice and did not show evidence of storage of the adaptation. This suggests that the cerebellum is needed for rapid adaptations for loads in movement. Given these findings, we think that the cerebellum is important in anticipating and adjusting for the mechanical demands of movement though @entity2246 .

title: XXXX : abnormal control of self-generated and external forces.

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar deficits', 'cerebellar damage']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['movement abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['trial-and-error practice']

answer: @entity6447 :: (MESH:D002524,Disease) :: ['Cerebellar limb ataxia']


abstract: Swiss @entity19 (S/RV/ @entity72618 -ba) were exposed to a spectral range of UV light emitting predominantly lambda 253.7 nm. Following a cumulative dose of 22.5 X 10(3) KJ/m2 @entity5 were induced. The @entity5 development occurred after 52 weeks, relatively a longer time interval following exposure, compared with shorter time intervals required for production of @entity5 in @entity19 by spectral range UVA and UVB as observed by other workers. A study of biochemical events viz. levels of protein, DNA, @entity219 , @entity68 , @entity1372 and @entity972 has been made in the skin samples of control and irradiated animals following ultraviolet irradiation with a dose of 22.5 X 10(3) KJ/m2. Study of macromolecular events in the skin of control and irradiated @entity19 , showed fluctuations in the levels of DNA. A particularly notable event is the occurrence of increased levels of DNA and @entity219 and their persistence during the 9-39 weeks post UV interval prior to @entity5 production. No such variation was observed in the control group in any of the intervals. Increased levels were also seen in case of @entity68 , @entity1372 and @entity972 at different intervals in the post UV periods. These fluctuations in various biochemical events are deemed to be indicative of UV initiated biochemical changes.

title: Alteration of macromolecular events and elemental levels in the skin of UVC exposed hairless XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: An attempt was made to reduce blood pressure by increasing the baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ) via biofeedback. Six @entity1 with mild essential @entity101 and 5 normotensive @entity1 were studied during 8 biofeedback sessions. Each session consisted of 5 trials, 5 min each. The first and the last trials served as baselines of heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and @entity4375 . During the 3 middle trials the @entity4375 was calculated online using the sequencing technique. The resulting value was used as a visual analogue feedback signal. @entity1 were asked to increase @entity4375 . The mean @entity4375 was 8.3 [ms/mmHg] for the @entity101 @entity1 and 12.2 [ms/mmHg] for the normotensive @entity1 . During biofeedback trials as well as across sessions neither the @entity101 nor the normotensive group showed a statistically significant increase of @entity4375 , only heart rate variability increased significantly. Contrary to expectation blood pressure increased in both groups. One @entity101 subject made significant progress during the training by performing valsalva maneuvers. The data show that @entity4375 is reduced in @entity101 subjects. The increase of the heart rate variability could be a sign of the activation of the baroreflex although the @entity4375 itself did not increase. Despite the successful technical and organizational implementation of this biofeedback approach, it was not effective to systematically reduce blood pressure. A further development in the direction of guiding the @entity1 to use the valsalva breathing pattern and/or a prolonged duration of the biofeedback training might be promising.

title: Biofeedback of baroreflex sensitivity in @entity1 with mild essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: An attempt was made to reduce blood pressure by increasing the baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ) via biofeedback. Six @entity1 with mild essential @entity101 and 5 normotensive @entity1 were studied during 8 biofeedback sessions. Each session consisted of 5 trials, 5 min each. The first and the last trials served as baselines of heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and @entity4375 . During the 3 middle trials the @entity4375 was calculated online using the sequencing technique. The resulting value was used as a visual analogue feedback signal. @entity1 were asked to increase @entity4375 . The mean @entity4375 was 8.3 [ms/mmHg] for the @entity101 @entity1 and 12.2 [ms/mmHg] for the normotensive @entity1 . During biofeedback trials as well as across sessions neither the @entity101 nor the normotensive group showed a statistically significant increase of @entity4375 , only heart rate variability increased significantly. Contrary to expectation blood pressure increased in both groups. One @entity101 subject made significant progress during the training by performing valsalva maneuvers. The data show that @entity4375 is reduced in @entity101 subjects. The increase of the heart rate variability could be a sign of the activation of the baroreflex although the @entity4375 itself did not increase. Despite the successful technical and organizational implementation of this biofeedback approach, it was not effective to systematically reduce blood pressure. A further development in the direction of guiding the @entity1 to use the valsalva breathing pattern and/or a prolonged duration of the biofeedback training might be promising.

title: Biofeedback of baroreflex sensitivity in XXXX with mild essential @entity101 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Late radiation effects were investigated in the @entity19 small intestine after a daily fractionated radiation treatment. @entity19 were given 14 X 3 Gy in 2 weeks over a partial abdominal irradiation field. There was evidence for late injury in the intestinal epithelium, the submucosa, and the subserosa. Late damage in the epithelium was shown histologically by a reduced crypt number and villus atrophy at 3 and 6 months but not at 24 h after the end of treatment. The reduction in crypt number was significant in the ileum at 3 and 6 months after irradiation: 100 +/- 4 and 98 +/- 5 (SEM) per circumference, respectively, versus 132 +/- 3 and 146 +/- 6 in age-matched controls (P less than 0.01, t test). The mitotic activity in the crypts of the irradiated animals was significantly increased at all investigated times, suggesting a prolonged but insufficient compensatory response to maintain the mucosal integrity. The repercussion on intestinal epithelial function was, at least in part, reflected by a progressively reduced body @entity1017 up to 5 g at 3 months after treatment. The ability of the surviving crypt stem cells to form microcolonies after irradiation, however, was not impaired. Evidence for @entity130 was provided from macroscopic and histological examination. Macroscopically, at 6 months after treatment, narrowed and rigid bowel segments surrounded by fibrotic adhesions were observed, causing partial @entity1321 . In addition, sometimes focal areas of @entity548 and @entity1188 in small bowel segments were present. Histologically, diffuse and pronounced @entity4 without increased @entity82 was seen, together with markedly dilated small blood vessels in focal areas of macroscopic @entity1188 . The intestinal perfusion, as assessed by 86Rb extraction, was significantly but transiently reduced at 3 months after irradiation. These data suggest mainly late effects in the small intestine after this daily fractionated irradiation treatment. The reduced number of epithelial cells and the @entity4 are possibly mediated by radiation injury in the intestinal microvasculature.

title: Late effects in the XXXX small intestine after a clinically relevant multifractionated radiation treatment.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal edema']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'intestinal infarction']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury in the submucosa']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity5379 ( @entity1476 and @entity1495 ) preferentially degrade the basement membrane, a key step in @entity5 invasion, @entity3 , and induction of vascularization of @entity5 tissue. AIM: To determine @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions in @entity14 from Iraqi @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty archived paraffin-embedded @entity14 samples and their resection margins were enrolled in our study. Thin paraffin embedded sections (3-5  m thick) of both @entity5 and resection margins were prepared for each respective biopsy and were used to detect @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions based on in situ hybridization technique. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analyses were conducted to describe different variables and parameters in this research, and to describe relationships with each other as well. For the comparisons, the t test of significance was used. The associations were found by chi-square (  2 ) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, or as appropriate, as well as 95% confidence interval. The correlations were calculated using correlation coefficient (r). Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Based on the current outcome, there were significant differences in @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions when each @entity5 sample were compared to its respective resection margin (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). When @entity5 samples were analyzed based on their depth of invasion, means of in situ mRNA expressions of both @entity1476 and @entity1495 were significantly increased in the group in which @entity5 invaded submucosa into muscularis properia (SMP) compared to that of @entity5 in serosa (SE) group and @entity5 invading other organs (OR) group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, when @entity5 lymph node @entity3 were questioned, exclusively, @entity1476 in situ mRNA expression was significantly differentiated among N0, N1, and N2 groups (P < 0.05). Regarding the possible correlation between the two investigated parameters with respect to various histopathological variables, both @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions have significant positive correlation in @entity5 samples (r = 0.88), whereas in resection margins, this correlation was absent. Interestingly, @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions were found to correlate positively as well as significantly within @entity5 differentiation [ @entity3271 ( @entity3271 ) @entity420 : r = 0.78; @entity4998 ( @entity4998 ) @entity420 : r = 0.90; and poorly differentiated (PD) @entity420 : r = 0.91], @entity5 stage (A-B: r = 0.70 and C-D: r = 0.95), depth of invasion (SMP: r = 0.77; SE: r = 0.87; and OR: r = 0.97), lymph node @entity3 (N0: r = 0.82; N1: r = 0.92; and N2: r = 0.96), and @entity5 size (<3 mm 3 : r = 0.76 versus >= 3 mm3: r = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of @entity1476 and @entity1495 are often associated with increased invasive metastatic potential of @entity14 . However, their activities are essential during the early stages of @entity5 progression.

title: XXXX in situ mRNA expression in @entity14 from Iraqi @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5379 :: ('4313;4318', 'Gene') :: ['CONTEXT: Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['moderately differentiated', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['well-differentiated', 'WD']

answer: @entity5379 :: (4313;4318,Gene) :: ['Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9']


abstract: @entity5379 ( @entity1476 and @entity1495 ) preferentially degrade the basement membrane, a key step in @entity5 invasion, @entity3 , and induction of vascularization of @entity5 tissue. AIM: To determine @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions in @entity14 from Iraqi @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty archived paraffin-embedded @entity14 samples and their resection margins were enrolled in our study. Thin paraffin embedded sections (3-5  m thick) of both @entity5 and resection margins were prepared for each respective biopsy and were used to detect @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions based on in situ hybridization technique. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analyses were conducted to describe different variables and parameters in this research, and to describe relationships with each other as well. For the comparisons, the t test of significance was used. The associations were found by chi-square (  2 ) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, or as appropriate, as well as 95% confidence interval. The correlations were calculated using correlation coefficient (r). Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Based on the current outcome, there were significant differences in @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions when each @entity5 sample were compared to its respective resection margin (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). When @entity5 samples were analyzed based on their depth of invasion, means of in situ mRNA expressions of both @entity1476 and @entity1495 were significantly increased in the group in which @entity5 invaded submucosa into muscularis properia (SMP) compared to that of @entity5 in serosa (SE) group and @entity5 invading other organs (OR) group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, when @entity5 lymph node @entity3 were questioned, exclusively, @entity1476 in situ mRNA expression was significantly differentiated among N0, N1, and N2 groups (P < 0.05). Regarding the possible correlation between the two investigated parameters with respect to various histopathological variables, both @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions have significant positive correlation in @entity5 samples (r = 0.88), whereas in resection margins, this correlation was absent. Interestingly, @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions were found to correlate positively as well as significantly within @entity5 differentiation [ @entity3271 ( @entity3271 ) @entity420 : r = 0.78; @entity4998 ( @entity4998 ) @entity420 : r = 0.90; and poorly differentiated (PD) @entity420 : r = 0.91], @entity5 stage (A-B: r = 0.70 and C-D: r = 0.95), depth of invasion (SMP: r = 0.77; SE: r = 0.87; and OR: r = 0.97), lymph node @entity3 (N0: r = 0.82; N1: r = 0.92; and N2: r = 0.96), and @entity5 size (<3 mm 3 : r = 0.76 versus >= 3 mm3: r = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of @entity1476 and @entity1495 are often associated with increased invasive metastatic potential of @entity14 . However, their activities are essential during the early stages of @entity5 progression.

title: @entity5379 in situ mRNA expression in XXXX from Iraqi @entity1 .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: @entity5379 ( @entity1476 and @entity1495 ) preferentially degrade the basement membrane, a key step in @entity5 invasion, @entity3 , and induction of vascularization of @entity5 tissue. AIM: To determine @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions in @entity14 from Iraqi @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty archived paraffin-embedded @entity14 samples and their resection margins were enrolled in our study. Thin paraffin embedded sections (3-5  m thick) of both @entity5 and resection margins were prepared for each respective biopsy and were used to detect @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions based on in situ hybridization technique. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analyses were conducted to describe different variables and parameters in this research, and to describe relationships with each other as well. For the comparisons, the t test of significance was used. The associations were found by chi-square (  2 ) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, or as appropriate, as well as 95% confidence interval. The correlations were calculated using correlation coefficient (r). Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Based on the current outcome, there were significant differences in @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions when each @entity5 sample were compared to its respective resection margin (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). When @entity5 samples were analyzed based on their depth of invasion, means of in situ mRNA expressions of both @entity1476 and @entity1495 were significantly increased in the group in which @entity5 invaded submucosa into muscularis properia (SMP) compared to that of @entity5 in serosa (SE) group and @entity5 invading other organs (OR) group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, when @entity5 lymph node @entity3 were questioned, exclusively, @entity1476 in situ mRNA expression was significantly differentiated among N0, N1, and N2 groups (P < 0.05). Regarding the possible correlation between the two investigated parameters with respect to various histopathological variables, both @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions have significant positive correlation in @entity5 samples (r = 0.88), whereas in resection margins, this correlation was absent. Interestingly, @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions were found to correlate positively as well as significantly within @entity5 differentiation [ @entity3271 ( @entity3271 ) @entity420 : r = 0.78; @entity4998 ( @entity4998 ) @entity420 : r = 0.90; and poorly differentiated (PD) @entity420 : r = 0.91], @entity5 stage (A-B: r = 0.70 and C-D: r = 0.95), depth of invasion (SMP: r = 0.77; SE: r = 0.87; and OR: r = 0.97), lymph node @entity3 (N0: r = 0.82; N1: r = 0.92; and N2: r = 0.96), and @entity5 size (<3 mm 3 : r = 0.76 versus >= 3 mm3: r = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of @entity1476 and @entity1495 are often associated with increased invasive metastatic potential of @entity14 . However, their activities are essential during the early stages of @entity5 progression.

title: @entity5379 in situ mRNA expression in @entity14 from Iraqi XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The multimeric @entity2880 factor ( @entity2881 ) mediates platelet adhesion to collagen at sites of @entity1504 . The binding site for collagen types I and III is located in the @entity2881 -A3 domain. Recently, we showed that His(1023), located near the edge between the "front" and "bottom" faces of A3, is critical for collagen binding (Romijn, R. A., Bouma, B., Wuyster, W., Gros, P., Kroon, J., Sixma, J. J., and Huizinga, E. G. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 9985-9991). To map the binding site in detail, we introduced 22 point mutations in the front and bottom faces of A3. The mutants were expressed as multimeric @entity2881 , and binding to collagen type III was evaluated in a solid-state binding assay and by surface plasmon resonance. Mutation of residues @entity2574 (979), Ser(1020), and His(1023) nearly abolished collagen binding, whereas mutation of residues Ile(975), Thr(977), @entity2596 (997), and @entity367 (1001) reduced binding affinity about 10-fold. Together, these residues define a flat and rather hydrophobic collagen-binding site located at the front face of the A3 domain. The collagen-binding site of @entity2881 -A3 is distinctly different from that of the homologous integrin alpha(2) I domain, which has a hydrophilic binding site located at the top face of the domain. Based on the surface characteristics of the collagen-binding site of A3, we propose that it interacts with collagen sequences containing positively charged and hydrophobic residues. Docking of a collagen triple helix on the binding site suggests a range of possible engagements and predicts that at most eight consecutive residues in a collagen triple helix interact with A3.

title: Mapping the collagen-binding site in the XXXX factor-A3 domain.

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['glycoprotein von Willebrand']

answer: @entity2880 :: (MESH:D014842,Disease) :: ['von Willebrand']


abstract: Aberrant Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling is a driving force during initiation and progression of @entity14 . Yet, the Wnt/ @entity3546 targets @entity30411 , @entity22166 , @entity23597 and @entity25335 ( @entity25335 ) act as @entity5 suppressors in intestinal epithelial cells and frequently appear to be transcriptionally silenced in @entity189 . The molecular mechanisms which underlie the apparent loss of expression of a subset of Wnt/ @entity3546 targets in a background of persistent pathway activity are largely unknown. To gain insight into this, we quantified expression of @entity30411 and @entity25335 in @entity1 tissue specimens of case-matched colorectal normal mucosa, @entity652 and @entity189 . In particular @entity25335 display biphasic, albeit not strictly coincident, expression profiles with elevated levels in @entity652 and decreased transcription in approximately 30% of the corresponding @entity189 . Consistent with their divergent and variable expression we observed considerable heterogeneity among the epigenetic landscapes at @entity30411 and @entity25335 in a model of @entity14 cell lines. Unlike the inactive @entity30411 locus, @entity25335 maintain DNA hypomethylation of their promoter regions in the silent state. A strong reduction of active histone modifications consistently parallels reduced expression of @entity30411 and @entity23597 and to some extent of @entity22166 . Accordingly, treatment with inhibitors for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) restored @entity30411 and @entity25335 expression depending upon epigenetic features at their promoters but also upon cellular background. Overall our findings show that downregulation of @entity30411 and EphB receptor genes occurs independently and that different branches of epigenetic control systems including class I and III HDACs contribute to epigenetic silencing of Wnt/ @entity3546 targets during colorectal tumorigenesis.

title: Class I and III HDACs and loss of active chromatin features contribute to epigenetic silencing of XXXX and EPHB @entity5 suppressor genes in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity30411 :: (1044,Gene) :: ['CDX1']


abstract: Aberrant Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling is a driving force during initiation and progression of @entity14 . Yet, the Wnt/ @entity3546 targets @entity30411 , @entity22166 , @entity23597 and @entity25335 ( @entity25335 ) act as @entity5 suppressors in intestinal epithelial cells and frequently appear to be transcriptionally silenced in @entity189 . The molecular mechanisms which underlie the apparent loss of expression of a subset of Wnt/ @entity3546 targets in a background of persistent pathway activity are largely unknown. To gain insight into this, we quantified expression of @entity30411 and @entity25335 in @entity1 tissue specimens of case-matched colorectal normal mucosa, @entity652 and @entity189 . In particular @entity25335 display biphasic, albeit not strictly coincident, expression profiles with elevated levels in @entity652 and decreased transcription in approximately 30% of the corresponding @entity189 . Consistent with their divergent and variable expression we observed considerable heterogeneity among the epigenetic landscapes at @entity30411 and @entity25335 in a model of @entity14 cell lines. Unlike the inactive @entity30411 locus, @entity25335 maintain DNA hypomethylation of their promoter regions in the silent state. A strong reduction of active histone modifications consistently parallels reduced expression of @entity30411 and @entity23597 and to some extent of @entity22166 . Accordingly, treatment with inhibitors for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) restored @entity30411 and @entity25335 expression depending upon epigenetic features at their promoters but also upon cellular background. Overall our findings show that downregulation of @entity30411 and EphB receptor genes occurs independently and that different branches of epigenetic control systems including class I and III HDACs contribute to epigenetic silencing of Wnt/ @entity3546 targets during colorectal tumorigenesis.

title: Class I and III HDACs and loss of active chromatin features contribute to epigenetic silencing of @entity30411 and EPHB @entity5 suppressor genes in XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Aberrant Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling is a driving force during initiation and progression of @entity14 . Yet, the Wnt/ @entity3546 targets @entity30411 , @entity22166 , @entity23597 and @entity25335 ( @entity25335 ) act as @entity5 suppressors in intestinal epithelial cells and frequently appear to be transcriptionally silenced in @entity189 . The molecular mechanisms which underlie the apparent loss of expression of a subset of Wnt/ @entity3546 targets in a background of persistent pathway activity are largely unknown. To gain insight into this, we quantified expression of @entity30411 and @entity25335 in @entity1 tissue specimens of case-matched colorectal normal mucosa, @entity652 and @entity189 . In particular @entity25335 display biphasic, albeit not strictly coincident, expression profiles with elevated levels in @entity652 and decreased transcription in approximately 30% of the corresponding @entity189 . Consistent with their divergent and variable expression we observed considerable heterogeneity among the epigenetic landscapes at @entity30411 and @entity25335 in a model of @entity14 cell lines. Unlike the inactive @entity30411 locus, @entity25335 maintain DNA hypomethylation of their promoter regions in the silent state. A strong reduction of active histone modifications consistently parallels reduced expression of @entity30411 and @entity23597 and to some extent of @entity22166 . Accordingly, treatment with inhibitors for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) restored @entity30411 and @entity25335 expression depending upon epigenetic features at their promoters but also upon cellular background. Overall our findings show that downregulation of @entity30411 and EphB receptor genes occurs independently and that different branches of epigenetic control systems including class I and III HDACs contribute to epigenetic silencing of Wnt/ @entity3546 targets during colorectal tumorigenesis.

title: Class I and III HDACs and loss of active chromatin features contribute to epigenetic silencing of @entity30411 and EPHB XXXX suppressor genes in @entity14 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the effect of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) can be diagnosed from a level of at least 6.5% on two separate occasions according to the American @entity6 Association (ADA) definition, which was updated in 2010. No data are available for the value of HbA1c in @entity1 with @entity583 treated with primary PCI. METHODS: A total of 374 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 (mean age: 55.9  12.6 years, 318 @entity1 ), undergoing primary PCI between December 2009 and June 2010, were prospectively enrolled in this study. Blood samples for HbA1c were obtained on the first 24 h after admission. In-hospital follow-up was performed. By using new ADA criteria, @entity1 were classified into three groups: group I (HbA1c  <=5.6%, n=112); group II (HbA1c: 5.7-6.4%, n=180); and group III (HbA1c >= 6.5%, n=82). RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was higher in group III (11%) compared with group II (2.8%) and group I (0.9%; P=0.001). Major adverse @entity299 in the hospital were also higher in group III (12.2%) compared with other groups (group II, 5.6% vs. group I, 0.9%, P=0.003). After adjusting the baseline characteristics, HbA1c remained a strong independent predictor of the in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 1.412; 95% confidence interval: 1.031-1.935, P=0.03). Hospital stay was also longer in group III than others (P=0.007). A total of 196 (63.6%) @entity1 without a history of @entity6 had elevated HbA1c of more than or equal to 5.7%, with 31 (10.1%) of them having HbA1c of more than or equal to 6.5%. CONCLUSION: HbA1c is an independent predictor of the in-hospital mortality in @entity583 treated with primary PCI. Apart from prognostic value, high HbA1c could be used for @entity6 diagnosis, which is supported by ADA definitions.

title: Hemoglobin A1c as a prognostic marker in @entity1 undergoing primary angioplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'DM', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the effect of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) on the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) can be diagnosed from a level of at least 6.5% on two separate occasions according to the American @entity6 Association (ADA) definition, which was updated in 2010. No data are available for the value of HbA1c in @entity1 with @entity583 treated with primary PCI. METHODS: A total of 374 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 (mean age: 55.9  12.6 years, 318 @entity1 ), undergoing primary PCI between December 2009 and June 2010, were prospectively enrolled in this study. Blood samples for HbA1c were obtained on the first 24 h after admission. In-hospital follow-up was performed. By using new ADA criteria, @entity1 were classified into three groups: group I (HbA1c  <=5.6%, n=112); group II (HbA1c: 5.7-6.4%, n=180); and group III (HbA1c >= 6.5%, n=82). RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was higher in group III (11%) compared with group II (2.8%) and group I (0.9%; P=0.001). Major adverse @entity299 in the hospital were also higher in group III (12.2%) compared with other groups (group II, 5.6% vs. group I, 0.9%, P=0.003). After adjusting the baseline characteristics, HbA1c remained a strong independent predictor of the in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 1.412; 95% confidence interval: 1.031-1.935, P=0.03). Hospital stay was also longer in group III than others (P=0.007). A total of 196 (63.6%) @entity1 without a history of @entity6 had elevated HbA1c of more than or equal to 5.7%, with 31 (10.1%) of them having HbA1c of more than or equal to 6.5%. CONCLUSION: HbA1c is an independent predictor of the in-hospital mortality in @entity583 treated with primary PCI. Apart from prognostic value, high HbA1c could be used for @entity6 diagnosis, which is supported by ADA definitions.

title: Hemoglobin A1c as a prognostic marker in XXXX undergoing primary angioplasty for @entity583 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity360 ( @entity360 ) is a common event, which consumes considerable @entity1 and economic resources. Its incidence is expected to rise in the coming years due to an increasing aging population. @entity1 AND METHODS: Multicentric prospective analysis of @entity1 was carried out with @entity360 in 13 Portuguese hospitals from April 2008 to May 2009, using a protocol designed by the French Association Nationale des H  pato-Gastroent  rologues des H  pitaux G  n  raux. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 16.0. RESULTS: In a total of 371 hemorrhagic events in 364 @entity1 (51.4% @entity1 , mean age: 72 years), 28.4% @entity1 showed hemodynamic instability and 54.2% were under single/combined medication with antiaggregants/NSAIDs/heparin/anticoagulants; blood transfusion was administered in 34.8% of @entity1 . Sigmoidoscopy was the first endoscopic procedure performed in 61.3% of @entity1 and rectal enema was the first method of bowel preparation in 67.3% of them. Endoscopic hemostasis was performed in 22.2% of all cases with efficacy ranging from 84.6 to 96.2%. Most frequent diagnoses were @entity63 (23.7%), @entity7261 (20.8%), and @entity14 (12.4%). Surgery was needed in 8% of @entity1 , and global mortality rate was 2.2%. Risk factors for poor outcome on multivariate analysis were heparin use before bleeding (hazards ratio: 10.6; 95% confidence interval: 0.94-119.48) and in-hospital bleeding (hazards ratio: 5.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-19.70). CONCLUSION: @entity360 seems to occur frequently in Portugal with a low mortality rate. Previous heparin use and in-hospital bleeding are associated with worse prognosis. Our management relies on early endoscopic examinations, which are highly available, safe, and accurate. A successful endoscopic therapeutic approach was possible in one fifth of the @entity1 .

title: XXXX management in Portugal: a multicentric prospective 1-year survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding', 'ALGIB']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful treatment of @entity1869 with @entity7828 is commonly accompanied by the finding of an inactive or suppressed endometrium after therapy. However, approximately 30% of the @entity1869 cases do not respond to @entity7828 and @entity5072 glands persist. The Fas/ @entity12 system is known to play a role in tissue remodeling as a result of changes in menstrual hormone levels. The aims of this study are to examine Fas/ @entity12 expression in @entity1869 of pre- and postprogestin treatment samples and to study the Fas/ @entity12 regulation in vitro with Ishikawa cells after @entity1871 stimulation. DESIGN: Pre- and posttreatment @entity982 -embedded @entity1869 tissue samples from 26 @entity1 were examined by immunohistochemistry for changes in Fas/ @entity12 expression related to the administration of @entity7828 . Among 26 @entity1 , 18 were successfully treated with @entity7828 and 8 failed treatment. Fas/ @entity12 positivity was defined by the presence of 10% or more immunoreactive epithelial cells in each specimen. In positive cases, a percentage or an immunoscore of immunoreactive cells was given by counting 500 cells. Cell viability was evaluated by the @entity98 assay. The in vitro effects of @entity1420 on Fas/ @entity12 expression and apoptosis in Ishikawa cells were examined by using Western blot and TUNEL assays, respectively. RESULTS: Fas immunoreactivity was present in 4/26 (15%) preprogestin cases with an average of 16% of the epithelial cells expressing Fas. @entity12 was expressed in 21/26 (80%) pretreatment cases with an average of 42% of the @entity5072 glandular cells being positive. In postprogestin cases, an increase of Fas expression (14/18, 77%) with an average of 47% stained cells was seen in responders (P < 0.001), while @entity12 was found in 16/18 (89%) responders with an average of 65% of cells positive (P = 0.587). In nonresponders, no significant changes in Fas/ @entity12 expression were detected compared to pretreatment samples. With in vitro Ishikawa cells, a slight increase (10-20%) of Fas and @entity12 protein expression was detected after 24 h of @entity1420 treatment, but a more significant increase (220-343%) of both Fas and @entity12 expression was found after 48 h of withdrawing @entity1420 , which parallels apoptotic activity. CONCLUSIONS: The Fas/ @entity12 system may be involved in the development of @entity1869 . Part of the molecular mechanisms of @entity1871 therapy for @entity1869 is through upregulation of Fas/ @entity12 expression. Dysregulation of Fas/ @entity12 expression in @entity5072 endometrium may be part of the molecular mechanisms for nonresponders to @entity1871 treatment. Intermittent, rather than continuous, @entity1871 treatment may be more effective clinically for the treatment of @entity1869 .

title: Mechanisms involved in the evolution of XXXX resistance in @entity1 @entity1869 --precursor of endometrial cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1871 :: (CHEBI:59826,Chemical) :: ['progestin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful treatment of @entity1869 with @entity7828 is commonly accompanied by the finding of an inactive or suppressed endometrium after therapy. However, approximately 30% of the @entity1869 cases do not respond to @entity7828 and @entity5072 glands persist. The Fas/ @entity12 system is known to play a role in tissue remodeling as a result of changes in menstrual hormone levels. The aims of this study are to examine Fas/ @entity12 expression in @entity1869 of pre- and postprogestin treatment samples and to study the Fas/ @entity12 regulation in vitro with Ishikawa cells after @entity1871 stimulation. DESIGN: Pre- and posttreatment @entity982 -embedded @entity1869 tissue samples from 26 @entity1 were examined by immunohistochemistry for changes in Fas/ @entity12 expression related to the administration of @entity7828 . Among 26 @entity1 , 18 were successfully treated with @entity7828 and 8 failed treatment. Fas/ @entity12 positivity was defined by the presence of 10% or more immunoreactive epithelial cells in each specimen. In positive cases, a percentage or an immunoscore of immunoreactive cells was given by counting 500 cells. Cell viability was evaluated by the @entity98 assay. The in vitro effects of @entity1420 on Fas/ @entity12 expression and apoptosis in Ishikawa cells were examined by using Western blot and TUNEL assays, respectively. RESULTS: Fas immunoreactivity was present in 4/26 (15%) preprogestin cases with an average of 16% of the epithelial cells expressing Fas. @entity12 was expressed in 21/26 (80%) pretreatment cases with an average of 42% of the @entity5072 glandular cells being positive. In postprogestin cases, an increase of Fas expression (14/18, 77%) with an average of 47% stained cells was seen in responders (P < 0.001), while @entity12 was found in 16/18 (89%) responders with an average of 65% of cells positive (P = 0.587). In nonresponders, no significant changes in Fas/ @entity12 expression were detected compared to pretreatment samples. With in vitro Ishikawa cells, a slight increase (10-20%) of Fas and @entity12 protein expression was detected after 24 h of @entity1420 treatment, but a more significant increase (220-343%) of both Fas and @entity12 expression was found after 48 h of withdrawing @entity1420 , which parallels apoptotic activity. CONCLUSIONS: The Fas/ @entity12 system may be involved in the development of @entity1869 . Part of the molecular mechanisms of @entity1871 therapy for @entity1869 is through upregulation of Fas/ @entity12 expression. Dysregulation of Fas/ @entity12 expression in @entity5072 endometrium may be part of the molecular mechanisms for nonresponders to @entity1871 treatment. Intermittent, rather than continuous, @entity1871 treatment may be more effective clinically for the treatment of @entity1869 .

title: Mechanisms involved in the evolution of @entity1871 resistance in @entity1 XXXX --precursor of endometrial cancer.

answer: @entity1869 :: (MESH:D004714,Disease) :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful treatment of @entity1869 with @entity7828 is commonly accompanied by the finding of an inactive or suppressed endometrium after therapy. However, approximately 30% of the @entity1869 cases do not respond to @entity7828 and @entity5072 glands persist. The Fas/ @entity12 system is known to play a role in tissue remodeling as a result of changes in menstrual hormone levels. The aims of this study are to examine Fas/ @entity12 expression in @entity1869 of pre- and postprogestin treatment samples and to study the Fas/ @entity12 regulation in vitro with Ishikawa cells after @entity1871 stimulation. DESIGN: Pre- and posttreatment @entity982 -embedded @entity1869 tissue samples from 26 @entity1 were examined by immunohistochemistry for changes in Fas/ @entity12 expression related to the administration of @entity7828 . Among 26 @entity1 , 18 were successfully treated with @entity7828 and 8 failed treatment. Fas/ @entity12 positivity was defined by the presence of 10% or more immunoreactive epithelial cells in each specimen. In positive cases, a percentage or an immunoscore of immunoreactive cells was given by counting 500 cells. Cell viability was evaluated by the @entity98 assay. The in vitro effects of @entity1420 on Fas/ @entity12 expression and apoptosis in Ishikawa cells were examined by using Western blot and TUNEL assays, respectively. RESULTS: Fas immunoreactivity was present in 4/26 (15%) preprogestin cases with an average of 16% of the epithelial cells expressing Fas. @entity12 was expressed in 21/26 (80%) pretreatment cases with an average of 42% of the @entity5072 glandular cells being positive. In postprogestin cases, an increase of Fas expression (14/18, 77%) with an average of 47% stained cells was seen in responders (P < 0.001), while @entity12 was found in 16/18 (89%) responders with an average of 65% of cells positive (P = 0.587). In nonresponders, no significant changes in Fas/ @entity12 expression were detected compared to pretreatment samples. With in vitro Ishikawa cells, a slight increase (10-20%) of Fas and @entity12 protein expression was detected after 24 h of @entity1420 treatment, but a more significant increase (220-343%) of both Fas and @entity12 expression was found after 48 h of withdrawing @entity1420 , which parallels apoptotic activity. CONCLUSIONS: The Fas/ @entity12 system may be involved in the development of @entity1869 . Part of the molecular mechanisms of @entity1871 therapy for @entity1869 is through upregulation of Fas/ @entity12 expression. Dysregulation of Fas/ @entity12 expression in @entity5072 endometrium may be part of the molecular mechanisms for nonresponders to @entity1871 treatment. Intermittent, rather than continuous, @entity1871 treatment may be more effective clinically for the treatment of @entity1869 .

title: Mechanisms involved in the evolution of @entity1871 resistance in XXXX @entity1869 --precursor of endometrial cancer.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']