abstract: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) accounts for approximately 80-85% of all cases of @entity2 , and it is the most common cause of @entity204 in @entity1 and second only to @entity0 in @entity1 . Combination chemotherapy, usually @entity902 -based, is currently the first-line therapy of choice, however, the prognosis for @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 remains poor with a median survival time of 8-11 months and a 1-year survival rate of 30%. Maintenance therapy is a treatment strategy that has been investigated extensively in @entity1149 and has been the subject of considerable recent debate. The outstanding results of the JMEN study proved that maintenance of pemetrexed significantly improved the overall survival ( @entity34 ) in advanced @entity1149 @entity1 was a proof of principle. Subsequently, the results of the SATURN study also showed a significant prolongation of progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity34 with maintenance @entity3866 compared with placebo. Despite considerable controversy, it has become an acceptable treatment paradigm and both drugs are approved for maintenance therapy of advanced @entity1149 @entity1 in Europe and the USA. In addition, several large phase III clinical trials (e.g., INFORM trial) provided evidence that maintenance therapy with @entity4562 also significantly improved PFS in @entity1149 @entity1 , with greatest PFS benefit in @entity1 harboring EGF-R mutations. However, @entity34 was unchanged. The question still remains whether the benefit of maintenance therapy for @entity1149 is best defined by PFS. Truely, PFS is the best predictor for improved @entity34 (and is independent @entity34 ), but @entity34 is acknowledged as the key clinical outcome in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 . The approval of pemetrexed and @entity3866 by the FDA and the EMEA and the promising data with @entity4562 have certainly shifted the pendulum towards maintenance therapy, however, the precise role for the treatment strategy of @entity1149 in terms of a maintenance approach is far from being clear and additional studies are warranted to further clarify this option.

title: XXXX in non-small-cell @entity2 -an old lesson new re-visited.

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['Gefitinib']


abstract: The use of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) for autografting following high-dose chemotherapy in a variety of @entity5 has increased markedly with the advent of efficacious and safe myeloid growth factors, which have dramatically improved collection yields. There is still controversy as to whether PBPC should be harvested after a combination of chemotherapy and growth factors, or after growth factors alone. The use of powerful combinations of newer growth factors, such as @entity2772 with @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), or @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) with stem cell factor, may obviate the need for chemotherapy. The problem of providing sufficient numbers of PBPC for successful transplantation and sustained engraftment has led to the development of a variety of in vitro expansion systems for stem cells, using cocktails of growth factors. Single blood collections may contain sufficient @entity2280 + cells to be expanded on a large scale for clinical transplantation, eliminating costly and labour intensive apheresis procedures. PBPC transplants may carry less risk for contamination with malignant cells; however, sensitive detection techniques have revealed that @entity5 cell contamination of PBPC harvests may be much more prevalent than was previously suspected and both positive and negative selection of @entity2280 + cells for clinical transplantation is being investigated. PBPC transplantation generally results in more rapid engraftment, with faster recovery of neutrophils and platelets, compared with autologous bone marrow transplants. In most studies, PBPC transplants also resulted in fewer septic episodes, fewer intensive care admissions, fewer transfusions of red blood cells and platelets, reduced antibacterial and parenteral nutrition use, and reduced hospital costs. Dose optimisation and intensification of chemotherapy, relying on repeated administration of growth factor-mobilised PBPC, offers interesting prospects in the treatment of a variety of @entity5 . However, well-controlled, randomised prospective trials will be needed to prove the real value of PBPC transplants with regard to survival and cure. In the clinical setting, PBPC transplantations are likely to replace autologous marrow transplants in the near future. Manipulation of PBPC in vitro, i.e. expansion or gene transfer, may prove to be the most exciting perspective in the treatment of both malignant and non-malignant haematological conditions.

title: The changing face of stem cell transplantation by the use of recombinant human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte colony stimulating factor']


abstract: y   T cells are attractive effector cells for @entity5 immunotherapy as they can secrete cytokines abundantly and exert potent @entity137 against a wide range of @entity5 cells. They comprise 1-5% of peripheral blood T cells, the majority expressing the Vy9V  2 T cell receptor that recognizes phosphoantigens. Direct in vivo activation of Vy9V  2 T cells in @entity5 @entity1 as well as adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded Vy9V  2 T cells has been investigated in several clinical trials. We previously established a large-scale in vitro expansion method for Vy9V  2 T cells using @entity4381 and @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ). We found that Vy9V  2 T cells from @entity1 with @entity5 as well as from healthy donors underwent extensive proliferation under these conditions. Such cultured Vy9V  2 T cells retained cytokine secretion capacity and mediated @entity137 against a variety of @entity5 cell lines. Recently, we conducted a phase I clinical study to evaluate safety and potential anti- @entity5 effects of re-infusing ex vivo expanded y   T cells in @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) refractory to or intolerant of current conventional treatments. There were no severe adverse events related to the therapy. All @entity1 remained alive during the study period with a median survival of 589 days and median progression-free survival of 126 days. Six @entity1 had @entity66 ( @entity66 ), whereas the remaining six evaluable @entity1 experienced @entity74 ( @entity74 ) four weeks after the sixth transfer. We conclude that adoptive transfer of @entity4381 -expanded y   T cells is safe and feasible in @entity1 with @entity1149 , refractory to other treatments.

title: y   T cell therapy for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronate']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A number of reports indicated that @entity875 or @entity16511 overexpression represented a negative prognostic factor in several @entity1 @entity5 . In @entity259 tissues a deregulated expression of Aurora kinases has been also demonstrated, butno information regarding its possible prognostic role in differentiated @entity259 is available. Here, weevaluated @entity875 and @entity16511 mRNA expression and its prognostic relevance in a series of 87 @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ), with a median follow-up of 63 months. The analysis of @entity875 and @entity16511 mRNA levels in @entity3557 tissues, compared to normal matched tissues, revealed that their expression was either up- or down-regulatedin the majority of @entity5 tissues. In particular, @entity875 and @entity16511 mRNA levels were altered, respectively, in 55 (63.2%) and 79 (90.8%) out of the 87 @entity3557 analyzed.A significant positive correlation between @entity875 and @entity16511 mRNAswas observed (p=0.001). The expression of both Aurora genes was not affected by the BRAFV600E mutation. Univariate, multivariate and Kaplan-Mayer analyses documented the lack of association between @entity875 or @entity16511 expression and clinicopathological parameterssuch as gender, age, @entity5 size, histology, TNM stage, lymph node @entity3 and @entity817 status as well asdisease recurrences or disease-free interval. Only @entity16511 mRNA was significantly higher in T(3-4) tissues, with respect to T(1-2) @entity3557 tissues. The data reported here demonstrate that the expression of Aurora kinases is deregulated in the majority of @entity3557 tissues, likely contributing to @entity3557 progression. However, differently from other @entity1 solid cancers, detection of @entity875 or @entity16511 mRNAs is not a prognostic biomarker inPTC @entity1 .

title: Deregulated Expression of Aurora Kinases Is Not a Prognostic Biomarker in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancers', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A number of reports indicated that @entity875 or @entity16511 overexpression represented a negative prognostic factor in several @entity1 @entity5 . In @entity259 tissues a deregulated expression of Aurora kinases has been also demonstrated, butno information regarding its possible prognostic role in differentiated @entity259 is available. Here, weevaluated @entity875 and @entity16511 mRNA expression and its prognostic relevance in a series of 87 @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ), with a median follow-up of 63 months. The analysis of @entity875 and @entity16511 mRNA levels in @entity3557 tissues, compared to normal matched tissues, revealed that their expression was either up- or down-regulatedin the majority of @entity5 tissues. In particular, @entity875 and @entity16511 mRNA levels were altered, respectively, in 55 (63.2%) and 79 (90.8%) out of the 87 @entity3557 analyzed.A significant positive correlation between @entity875 and @entity16511 mRNAswas observed (p=0.001). The expression of both Aurora genes was not affected by the BRAFV600E mutation. Univariate, multivariate and Kaplan-Mayer analyses documented the lack of association between @entity875 or @entity16511 expression and clinicopathological parameterssuch as gender, age, @entity5 size, histology, TNM stage, lymph node @entity3 and @entity817 status as well asdisease recurrences or disease-free interval. Only @entity16511 mRNA was significantly higher in T(3-4) tissues, with respect to T(1-2) @entity3557 tissues. The data reported here demonstrate that the expression of Aurora kinases is deregulated in the majority of @entity3557 tissues, likely contributing to @entity3557 progression. However, differently from other @entity1 solid cancers, detection of @entity875 or @entity16511 mRNAs is not a prognostic biomarker inPTC @entity1 .

title: Deregulated Expression of Aurora Kinases Is Not a Prognostic Biomarker in @entity3557 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) act as potent primary antigen-presenting cells in many immune responses and therefore may have a role in the initiation and perpetuation of the @entity32 in chronic @entity625 . To examine their function, it is important to isolate fresh DC from @entity2720 without aberrant activation. We have developed a technique using minimal cell manipulation to isolate DC from the synovial fluid of chronic arthritic @entity1 . Using this method, DC were shown to be potent allostimulatory cells, with 63-90% of cells lacking lineage-specific markers (lin-), but positive for MHC class II molecules. Two morphologically distinct populations of these cells were identified in 10 out of 13 DC preparations. Both populations expressed @entity2936 , @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), @entity10985 , @entity20394 and @entity7937 ( @entity7937 ), but the predominant population, which was larger and more typical of cultured blood DC, had a higher density of these antigens compared with the minor population, which were smaller and morphologically similar to lymphocytes. Two new MoAbs which label activated @entity1 blood DC, @entity8730 ( @entity8730 ) and CMRF-44, were tested. @entity8730 labelled very weakly or not at all, whereas CMRF-44 was positive on the larger cells only. Likewise, the costimulator molecule, @entity7938 ( @entity7938 ), was not detected on the surface of either synovial lin- cell population, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed little or no @entity7938 mRNA, and no binding of the @entity4386 Ig fusion protein was found. These results suggest that synovial DC are not, despite the inflammatory environment, in a fully activated state.

title: Dendritic cells in synovial fluid of chronic XXXX lack @entity7938 surface expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['synovial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity7937 :: ('965', 'Gene') :: ['LFA-3', 'leucocyte function associated antigen-3']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic joints']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['inflammatory arthritis']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) act as potent primary antigen-presenting cells in many immune responses and therefore may have a role in the initiation and perpetuation of the @entity32 in chronic @entity625 . To examine their function, it is important to isolate fresh DC from @entity2720 without aberrant activation. We have developed a technique using minimal cell manipulation to isolate DC from the synovial fluid of chronic arthritic @entity1 . Using this method, DC were shown to be potent allostimulatory cells, with 63-90% of cells lacking lineage-specific markers (lin-), but positive for MHC class II molecules. Two morphologically distinct populations of these cells were identified in 10 out of 13 DC preparations. Both populations expressed @entity2936 , @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), @entity10985 , @entity20394 and @entity7937 ( @entity7937 ), but the predominant population, which was larger and more typical of cultured blood DC, had a higher density of these antigens compared with the minor population, which were smaller and morphologically similar to lymphocytes. Two new MoAbs which label activated @entity1 blood DC, @entity8730 ( @entity8730 ) and CMRF-44, were tested. @entity8730 labelled very weakly or not at all, whereas CMRF-44 was positive on the larger cells only. Likewise, the costimulator molecule, @entity7938 ( @entity7938 ), was not detected on the surface of either synovial lin- cell population, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed little or no @entity7938 mRNA, and no binding of the @entity4386 Ig fusion protein was found. These results suggest that synovial DC are not, despite the inflammatory environment, in a fully activated state.

title: Dendritic cells in synovial fluid of chronic @entity625 lack XXXX surface expression.

answer: @entity7938 :: (941,Gene) :: ['CD80']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity980 is the most common soft tissue @entity242 in @entity1  <= 15 years of age. There is, however, a paucity of reports on the pattern of its occurrence in Nigeria and other parts of Africa. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to highlight the age and sex distribution, anatomical location and morphological characteristics of @entity980 among @entity1 in Kano, northwestern Nigeria. @entity1 AND METHOD: This is a 14 year retrospective study of all cases of @entity980 occurring in @entity1 diagnosed at the Pathology Department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Clinical data obtained included sex, age, @entity5 site and histologic subtype. RESULTS: Fifty two @entity1 were seen with a male to female ratio of 1 : 1.3. The ages of these @entity1 ranged from 4 months to 15 years with a mean (SD) age of 6.99 (4.1) years and peak age frequency in the 0 to 5 years age group. The embryonal variant was the most common histological subtype (69%). The others were alveolar (27%) and pleomorphic (4%) variants. The head and neck was the most affected region (44%) and the most common primary site was the orbit (19.2%). CONCLUSION: @entity980 is the most common @entity242 in Kano. It occurs in females more frequently than males and the most common histologic subtype is @entity2875 affecting predominantly the orbit.

title: XXXX in Kano, Nigeria: a retrospective analysis of 52 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'childhood soft tissue sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2875 :: ('MESH:D018233', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcomas']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: @entity1466 metastasizes widely. One in every ten @entity1466 that leaves its primary site, metastasizes to the brain. This 27 years old @entity1 presented with symptoms of space occupying lesion that was confirmed by CT-SCAN. There was no history of @entity3556 and @entity4999 was concealed by unmarried @entity1 . Chest X-ray was normal. @entity5 was excised after craniotomy. Histology of @entity5 was that of secondary @entity1466 . @entity1 responded excellently to chemotherapy and was well one year after. We strongly recommend a high index of suspicion of @entity1466 in management of @entity1313 . b-HCG assay should be included in investigation of all @entity1 with @entity5 irrespective of sex.

title: Secondary brain XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['Choriocarcinoma', 'choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity1466 :: (MESH:D002822,Disease) :: ['choriocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity1110 -diaphorase-positive neurons have been demonstrated in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer of the retina of different @entity1 species, but so far no experiments have been conducted to identify whether these cells are amacrine cells and/or @entity2479 cells. We attempted to solve this problem by studying the @entity1110 -diaphorase-positive neurons in the hamster retina. From the @entity1110 -diaphorase histochemical reaction, two distinct types of neurons in the hamster retina were identified. They were named @entity11702 (g) and @entity11702 (i) cells. The @entity11702 (g) cells were cells with larger somata, ranging from 10 to 21 microns in diameter with a mean of 15.58 microns (S.D. = 2.59). They were found in the ganglion cell layer only. The @entity11702 (i) cells were smaller, with the somata ranging from 7 to 11 microns and having the mean diameter of 8.77 microns (S.D. = 1.24). Most of the @entity11702 (i) cells were found in the inner nuclear layer, and only very few could be observed in the inner plexiform layer. On average, there were 8,033 @entity11702 (g) and 5,051 @entity11702 (i) cells in the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer, respectively. Two experiments were performed to clarify whether any of the @entity1110 -diaphorase neurons were @entity2479 cells. Following unilateral optic nerve section, which leads to the @entity10747 of @entity2479 cells, the numbers of both @entity11702 (g) and @entity11702 (i) cells did not change significantly for up to 4 months. In addition, when @entity2479 cells were prelabeled retrogradely (horseradish peroxidase or fluorescent microspheres) and retinas were then stained for @entity1110 diaphorase, no double-labeled neurons were detected. These results indicated that the @entity1110 -diaphorase neurons in the hamster retina were the amacrine cells in the inner nuclear layer and displaced amacrine cells in the ganglion cell layer. Dendrites of the @entity11702 (g) and @entity11702 (i) cells were found to stratify in sublaminae 1, 3, and 5 of the inner plexiform layer, with a prominent staining in the sublamina 5. The possible importance of this arrangement in the rod pathway is also discussed.

title: XXXX -diaphorase neurons in the retina of the hamster.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ) originating from the maxillary sinus, are considered as benign inflammatory lesions. In fact, these @entity1127 are the @entity1184 of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus, which for unknown reasons grow through the maxillary sinus ostium towards the other portions of the nasal cavity and the choana, such a way that they may grow all the way to the nasopharynx and even oropharynx. @entity5103 is usually unilateral however, the bilateral forms have been observed in some instances. Its most frequent clinical manifestations are nasal obstruction and @entity5254 , whereas in many cases some other presentations such as @entity1415 , @entity1353 , and @entity1282 , and @entity353 have been also noticed. The aim of this study was to investigate the relative prevalence of clinical manifestations and pathological characteristics in 87 @entity1 with @entity1127 during a period of 15 years in this hospital. METHODS: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study, accomplished retrospectively, and based on existing data in the records of the @entity1 admitted in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ahvaz. In this study, the @entity1 above 16 years old have been considered as adults. Each @entity1 's data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by the statistical SPSS software (descriptive statistics and Chi-square test). RESULTS: 87 @entity1 were registered with the diagnosis of @entity5103 during 1999 and 2014. Out of these @entity1 60% were females and 40% were males. Predominant clinical manifestation was nasal obstruction with an incidence of 39%; and the least frequent manifestation was @entity353 with an incidence of 0%. Moreover, the left nasal cavity was more involved with the incidence of 55%. Among the existing surgical techniques. Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), Caldwell- Luc procedure, and combined approach were the most common applied techniques,with frequencies of 64%, 24% and 12%, respectively. Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.03    0.2, Odd ratio = 0.26, and p = 0.21. CONCLUSION: Nasal obstruction was the predominant clinical symptom of @entity5103 . The left nasal cavity was more involved than the right-side. FESS was the commonest employed surgical procedure; and the inflammatory pattern has been the most pathological presentation.

title: The prevalence of clinical presentations and pathological characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['Antrochoanal polyps', 'ACPs', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['antrochoanal polyp']


abstract: Fibrotic strictures of the colon in association with colon-wall thickening on abdominal ultrasound have been described in @entity1 with @entity1577 . We determined the prevalence of colon-wall thickening in 99 @entity1 with @entity1577 (aged 6 months to 17 years, 45 male) and 38 healthy controls (aged 1 month to 39 years, 21 male). In controls, peristalsis was uniformly rapid and maximum wall thickness of the fully relaxed colon was 0.8 mm (median 0.6 mm). 24% of the @entity1 had a @entity694 .5 mm or more (maximum 3.4 mm); 48% of @entity1 on high-strength pancreatin receiving more than 265 units/kg per day of protease had thickening of more than 1.5 mm compared with less than 12% of @entity1 on any other dose. @entity1 on high-strength pancreatin were 5.2 (95% CI 1.2-21) times more likely to have @entity694 .5 mm or more than @entity1 taking less than 265 units/kg per day of protease in a standard-strength preparation. This risk rose to 10 (2.5-39) times more likely if laxatives were taken with a high-strength preparation. Lipase or amylase intake, age, sex, genotype, and other medical or drug history were not significantly associated with colon-wall thickening. 1 @entity1 required a hemicolectomy for @entity1744 and another developed @entity548 . In 17 @entity1 , 2 months after stopping high-strength, high protease, preparations and efforts to reduce enzyme intake, colon-wall thickness had regressed from a median 2.0 mm (range 1.0-3.4) to 1.8 mm (0.9-2.7) (p = 0.005). The use of high-strength pancreatin preparations in conjunction with a high protease intake probably causes thickening of the wall of the colon.

title: Relation of thickening of colon wall to pancreatic-enzyme treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic colitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon-wall thickness of 1']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: The contribution of the immune system to the pathogenesis of @entity2806 is still uncertain. We have analyzed leukocyte infiltration in photochemically induced focal @entity63 of the @entity35 parietal cortex by immunocytochemistry. Between 1 and 2 days after photothrombosis, @entity18895 + T cells adhered to subpial and cortical vessels and infiltrated the @entity2806 prior to macrophages. By day 3 numerous T cells and some macrophages, whose number increased further between day 3 and day 7, had infiltrated the border zone around the lesion sparing the center. In addition, @entity18895 -/CD8+ lymphocytes that probably represent natural killer cells were found. @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ) was expressed on endothelial cells on days 1 and 2 and in the border zone on infiltrating leukocytes from day 3 to day 7. Starting on day 7, macrophages infiltrated the core of the lesion to remove debris. When the entire lesion was covered by macrophages at day 14, the number of T cells had decreased and @entity1590 immunoreactivity was no longer found in or around the @entity1188 . In conclusion, our study shows that @entity2806 can lead to a local immune reaction in the CNS. Thus, blocking of lymphocyte-derived cytokines or cell adhesion molecules may provide a new approach to confining the sequelae of @entity64 .

title: Lymphocytic infiltration and expression of XXXX in photochemically induced @entity63 of the @entity35 cortex.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesion', 'ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'Intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity1590 :: (25464(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: The contribution of the immune system to the pathogenesis of @entity2806 is still uncertain. We have analyzed leukocyte infiltration in photochemically induced focal @entity63 of the @entity35 parietal cortex by immunocytochemistry. Between 1 and 2 days after photothrombosis, @entity18895 + T cells adhered to subpial and cortical vessels and infiltrated the @entity2806 prior to macrophages. By day 3 numerous T cells and some macrophages, whose number increased further between day 3 and day 7, had infiltrated the border zone around the lesion sparing the center. In addition, @entity18895 -/CD8+ lymphocytes that probably represent natural killer cells were found. @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ) was expressed on endothelial cells on days 1 and 2 and in the border zone on infiltrating leukocytes from day 3 to day 7. Starting on day 7, macrophages infiltrated the core of the lesion to remove debris. When the entire lesion was covered by macrophages at day 14, the number of T cells had decreased and @entity1590 immunoreactivity was no longer found in or around the @entity1188 . In conclusion, our study shows that @entity2806 can lead to a local immune reaction in the CNS. Thus, blocking of lymphocyte-derived cytokines or cell adhesion molecules may provide a new approach to confining the sequelae of @entity64 .

title: Lymphocytic infiltration and expression of @entity1590 in photochemically induced XXXX of the @entity35 cortex.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: The contribution of the immune system to the pathogenesis of @entity2806 is still uncertain. We have analyzed leukocyte infiltration in photochemically induced focal @entity63 of the @entity35 parietal cortex by immunocytochemistry. Between 1 and 2 days after photothrombosis, @entity18895 + T cells adhered to subpial and cortical vessels and infiltrated the @entity2806 prior to macrophages. By day 3 numerous T cells and some macrophages, whose number increased further between day 3 and day 7, had infiltrated the border zone around the lesion sparing the center. In addition, @entity18895 -/CD8+ lymphocytes that probably represent natural killer cells were found. @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ) was expressed on endothelial cells on days 1 and 2 and in the border zone on infiltrating leukocytes from day 3 to day 7. Starting on day 7, macrophages infiltrated the core of the lesion to remove debris. When the entire lesion was covered by macrophages at day 14, the number of T cells had decreased and @entity1590 immunoreactivity was no longer found in or around the @entity1188 . In conclusion, our study shows that @entity2806 can lead to a local immune reaction in the CNS. Thus, blocking of lymphocyte-derived cytokines or cell adhesion molecules may provide a new approach to confining the sequelae of @entity64 .

title: Lymphocytic infiltration and expression of @entity1590 in photochemically induced @entity63 of the XXXX cortex.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of carbetocin and oxytocin for prevention of postpartum @entity548 (PPH) after caesarean section. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed data from 279 @entity1 who received 100  g of carbetocin intravenously or 10 IU of oxytocin into the uterine muscle as a rudimentary treatment for prevention of PPH. RESULTS: @entity190 was statistically significantly higher (p=0.0136) in the entire study group as compared to the oxytocin group, and in cases when additional uterotonics were administered (p=0.0090). Also, we observed a statistically significantly correlation between the need for additional treatment and @entity1 BMI. @entity1 with pre-pregnancy BMI of >= 25 more often required additional medicaments after administration of carbetocin as compared to oxytocin (p=0.0077). We noted a statistically significantly higher rate of using additional treatment (p<0.05) after administering oxytocin into the uterine muscle as compared to intravenously given carbetocin (75% vs. 33%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: 1. Carbetocin is more effective than oxytocin in the prevention of PPH and significantly reduces the necessity to administer therapeutic uterotonics during caesarean delivery. 2. Higher rates of additional treatment with uterotonics after the administration of carbetocin as compared to oxytocin in a group of @entity1 after2 or more cesarean sections and @entity1 with BMI of >= 25 require further studies in a target-selected larger sample size. 3. Based on our findings, it is not possible to conclude that 100  g of intravenous carbetocin is more effective than 10 IU of oxytocin given to the uterine muscle during caesarean delivery to prevent PPH.

title: [Comparison of carbetocin and oxytocin effectiveness for prevention of postpartum XXXX after caesarean delivery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recently, a new image integration module (IIM, CartoUnivu    Module) has been introduced to combine and merge fluoroscopy images with 3-dimensional-(3D)-electroanatomical maps (Carto   3 System) into an accurate 3D view. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of IIM on the fluoroscopy exposure during @entity358 ( @entity358 ) for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in a prospective randomized trial. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between June and November 2014, a total of 60 @entity1 with @entity955 (73.3% male, 64.0    9.2 years), who underwent @entity358 with the endpoint of unexcitability of the ablation line, were randomized to either a conventional 3D mapping system (Carto   3 System) or to an additional IIM on the basis of an assumed reduction of fluoroscopy exposure by the use of IIM. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The median ablation procedure time was identical in both groups (140.7    27.8 minutes vs. 140.8    39.5 minutes; P = 0.851). A significant decrease of mean fluoroscopy time from 11.9    2.1 to 7.4    2.6 minutes (P < 0.0006) and median fluoroscopy dose from 882.9 to 476.5 cGycm(2) (P < 0.001) was achieved. The main reduction of radiation could be realized during creation of the 3D-map. No major complications occurred during the procedures. After a median follow-up of 125.7    45.6 days 80% of the @entity1 were free from any @entity943 . CONCLUSION: CartoUnivu    module easily integrates into the workflow of @entity358 with the endpoint of unexcitability of the ablation line without prolonging the procedure time. It is associated with a marked reduction in fluoroscopic dose when compared to a conventional 3D mapping system.

title: Reduction of Radiation Exposure in XXXX Ablation Using a New Image Integration Module: A Prospective Randomized Trial in @entity1 Undergoing Pulmonary Vein Isolation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PVI', 'pulmonary vein isolation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'PAF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recently, a new image integration module (IIM, CartoUnivu    Module) has been introduced to combine and merge fluoroscopy images with 3-dimensional-(3D)-electroanatomical maps (Carto   3 System) into an accurate 3D view. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of IIM on the fluoroscopy exposure during @entity358 ( @entity358 ) for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in a prospective randomized trial. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between June and November 2014, a total of 60 @entity1 with @entity955 (73.3% male, 64.0    9.2 years), who underwent @entity358 with the endpoint of unexcitability of the ablation line, were randomized to either a conventional 3D mapping system (Carto   3 System) or to an additional IIM on the basis of an assumed reduction of fluoroscopy exposure by the use of IIM. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The median ablation procedure time was identical in both groups (140.7    27.8 minutes vs. 140.8    39.5 minutes; P = 0.851). A significant decrease of mean fluoroscopy time from 11.9    2.1 to 7.4    2.6 minutes (P < 0.0006) and median fluoroscopy dose from 882.9 to 476.5 cGycm(2) (P < 0.001) was achieved. The main reduction of radiation could be realized during creation of the 3D-map. No major complications occurred during the procedures. After a median follow-up of 125.7    45.6 days 80% of the @entity1 were free from any @entity943 . CONCLUSION: CartoUnivu    module easily integrates into the workflow of @entity358 with the endpoint of unexcitability of the ablation line without prolonging the procedure time. It is associated with a marked reduction in fluoroscopic dose when compared to a conventional 3D mapping system.

title: Reduction of Radiation Exposure in @entity955 Ablation Using a New Image Integration Module: A Prospective Randomized Trial in XXXX Undergoing Pulmonary Vein Isolation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In 1993, medical therapy for BPH is a reality. @entity342 deprivation therapy (LHRH agonists, antiandrogens, and @entity10831 inhibitors) has been shown to be effective by reducing the static component of BPH. Of these agents, the @entity10831 inhibitors have the greatest promise because of their low @entity137 profile. Aromatase inhibitors, which function via a different mechanism, however, have not been demonstrated, as monotherapy, to be effective in the treatment of symptomatic BPH. It is still theoretically possible that aromatase inhibitors could have a role in the management of prostatism if they are utilized in conjunction with an antiandrogen or @entity10831 inhibitor. Although the early results for this endocrine therapies are encouraging, several issues relating to medical treatment remain unanswered. Not everyone with significant prostatism will respond to @entity342 deprivation therapy. How does the physician identify pre-treatment the @entity1 most likely to achieve a significant improvement in voiding function with @entity10831 inhibitor therapy? At the present time, there is no method--based on symptoms, DRE findings, serum hormone and PSA levels, or histopathologic criteria--for recognizing the ideal @entity1 for @entity342 deprivation therapy. Without question, it is a subjective decision. As a result, the benefits and risks of these medical approaches as well as those of the minimally invasive and surgical therapies must be discussed with the @entity1 so that he can participate in the management decision. In this manner, the expectations and needs of the @entity1 will be best served.

title: Endocrine therapies for BPH: scientific rationale, clinical results, and XXXX selection.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Local radiotherapy plays an important and responsible role in the management of bone metastases. The valence will be described according to the different treatment objectives in the sense of @entity158 relief, remineralization and cord decompression. Radiotherapy schedules, aimed at the @entity158 , need to take into consideration life expectancy. @entity1 with a reduced life expectancy could have a good high chance of achieving @entity158 relief with a single dose of 8 Gy. @entity1 with a solitary metastasis, @entity1 with a longer life expectancy and @entity1 with a pathological @entity174 should be treated with 'curative' irradiation doses, aimed at killing the maximum number of @entity5 cells. In addition to @entity158 relief, remineralization is also an important treatment goal. Conventional radiotherapy with doses of 40-50 Gy resulted in @entity158 relief in 70-100% and in remineralization in 60-80% of the @entity1 . Remineralization could not be accelerated by short-course fractionation courses, but resulted in @entity158 relief. Short-course fractionation schedules are not indicated as a 'standard' treatment in the vertebral column. Surgery is the treatment of choice for immediate cord decompression and stabilization of a pathological @entity174 . Radiotherapy alone could decrease @entity16 and is suitable for @entity1 with gradual onset and progression of symptoms, no spinal instability and lesions of the cauda equina.

title: [Value of local radiotherapy in treatment of osseous metastases, pathological XXXX and spinal cord compression].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'faster pain', 'relief pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The quality of tissue preservation in Thiel embalmed bodies varies. Research on the administered embalming volume and its vascular distribution may elucidate one of the mechanisms of tissue preservation and allow for new applications of Thiel embalming. Vascular embalming with (group 1, n = 15) or without (group 2, n = 20) contrast agent was initiated in @entity1707 kidneys. The distribution of Thiel embalming solution in group 1 was visualized using computed tomography. The kidneys in both groups were then immersed in concentrated salt solutions to reduce their weight and volume. Afterwards, to mimic a lifelike circulation in the vessels, group 2 underwent pump-driven reperfusion for 120 minutes with either paraffinum perliquidum or diluted @entity968 . The circulation was imaged with computed tomography. All of the kidneys were adequately preserved. The embalming solution spread diffusely in the kidney, but fluid accumulation was present. Subsequent immersion in concentrated salt solutions reduced weight (P < 0.01) and volume (P < 0.01). Reperfusion for 120 minutes was established in group 2. Paraffinum perliquidum filled both major vessels and renal tissue, whereas diluted @entity968 spread widely in the kidney. There were no increases in weight (P = 0.26) and volume (P = 0.79); and pressure further decreased (P = 0.032) after more than 60 minutes of reperfusion with paraffinum perliquidum, whereas there were increases in weight (P = 0.005), volume (P = 0.032) and pressure (P < 0.0001) after reperfusion with diluted @entity968 . @entity8 in successful preservation due to complete parenchymatous spreading. More research is needed to determine whether other factors affect embalming quality. Dehydration is an effective method to regain the organs' initial status. Prolonged vascular reperfusion with paraffinum perliquidum can be established in this model without increases in weight, volume and pressure.

title: Understanding Thiel Embalming in XXXX Kidneys to Develop a New Circulation Model.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial embalming of kidneys results']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We assessed an in-vitro model of @entity9660 using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) by the addition of increasing concentrations of @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) on whole blood obtained from @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. We assessed the relevance of this model by repeating the tests in the same population after @entity927 ( @entity928 ) infusion. In addition, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of ROTEM parameters to detect the different degrees of fibrinolysis. Blood samples obtained from 20 @entity1 were analyzed at two predefined timepoints: after induction of anesthesia, before @entity928 (baseline), and at the end of surgery during @entity928 infusion (end surgery). At baseline, an extrinsic activation with tissue factor (EXTEM) test was performed without and with increasing concentration of @entity3479 (102, 255, 512, 1024, 1535, and 2539unitst-PA/ml). At the end of surgery, a second EXTEM test was performed without and with two different @entity3479 concentrations (1535 and 2539unitst-PA/ml). At baseline, increasing @entity3479 concentrations in the EXTEM test induced a gradual increase of @entity9660 characterized by a reduction in clot firmness and stability parameters. In the presence of @entity928 , @entity3479 -induced @entity9660 was completely abolished. Lysis-onset time (LOT) and degree of fibrinolysis measured at 30min (LI30) best assessed the degree of fibrinolysis. This in-vitro model of @entity3479 -induced @entity9660 using the EXTEM test of ROTEM may represent a promising tool to assess @entity9660 in the pediatric population. In addition, we observed that LOT and LI30 should be considered as the best parameters to detect different degrees of fibrinolysis.

title: Experimental model of XXXX designed for rotational thromboelastometry in @entity1 with congenital heart disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity9660 :: ('MESH:C567640', 'Disease') :: ['hyperfibrinolysis']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

answer: @entity9660 :: (MESH:C567640,Disease) :: ['hyperfibrinolysis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We assessed an in-vitro model of @entity9660 using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) by the addition of increasing concentrations of @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) on whole blood obtained from @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. We assessed the relevance of this model by repeating the tests in the same population after @entity927 ( @entity928 ) infusion. In addition, we determined the sensitivity and specificity of ROTEM parameters to detect the different degrees of fibrinolysis. Blood samples obtained from 20 @entity1 were analyzed at two predefined timepoints: after induction of anesthesia, before @entity928 (baseline), and at the end of surgery during @entity928 infusion (end surgery). At baseline, an extrinsic activation with tissue factor (EXTEM) test was performed without and with increasing concentration of @entity3479 (102, 255, 512, 1024, 1535, and 2539unitst-PA/ml). At the end of surgery, a second EXTEM test was performed without and with two different @entity3479 concentrations (1535 and 2539unitst-PA/ml). At baseline, increasing @entity3479 concentrations in the EXTEM test induced a gradual increase of @entity9660 characterized by a reduction in clot firmness and stability parameters. In the presence of @entity928 , @entity3479 -induced @entity9660 was completely abolished. Lysis-onset time (LOT) and degree of fibrinolysis measured at 30min (LI30) best assessed the degree of fibrinolysis. This in-vitro model of @entity3479 -induced @entity9660 using the EXTEM test of ROTEM may represent a promising tool to assess @entity9660 in the pediatric population. In addition, we observed that LOT and LI30 should be considered as the best parameters to detect different degrees of fibrinolysis.

title: Experimental model of @entity9660 designed for rotational thromboelastometry in XXXX with congenital heart disease.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Neutrophils have key roles in @entity63 @entity1545 , @entity715 , and @entity731 . As such, neutrophils are of great interest as targets to treat and prevent @entity385 . After @entity64 , neutrophils respond rapidly promoting blood-brain barrier disruption, @entity2657 , and @entity1545 . A surge of neutrophil-derived reactive @entity26 species, proteases, and cytokines are released as neutrophils interact with cerebral endothelium. Neutrophils also are linked to the major processes that cause @entity385 , @entity715 , and @entity731 . @entity715 is promoted through interactions with platelets, clotting factors, and release of prothrombotic molecules. In @entity731 , neutrophils promote plaque formation and @entity397 by generating oxidized-low density lipoprotein, enhancing monocyte infiltration, and degrading the fibrous cap. In experimental studies targeting neutrophils can improve @entity64 . However, early @entity1 studies have been met with challenges, and suggest that selective targeting of neutrophils may be required. Several properties of neutrophil are beneficial and thus may important to preserve in @entity1 with @entity64 including antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, and neuroprotective functions.

title: Targeting neutrophils in XXXX : translational insights from experimental studies.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified that frequent polymorphisms in @entity31983 and @entity6763 , two genes involved in lymphoid differentiation, increase the risk of childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ). These findings markedly modified the current field of research on the etiology of @entity981 . In this new context, the present exploratory study investigated the possible interactions between these at-risk alleles and the non-genetic suspected @entity981 risk factors that were of sufficient prevalence in the French ESCALE study: maternal use of home insecticides during pregnancy, preconception paternal smoking, and some proxies for early immune modulation, i.e. breastfeeding, history of common @entity281 before age one year, and birth order. The analyses were based on 434 @entity981 cases and 442 controls of European origin, drawn from the nationwide population-based case-control study ESCALE. Information on non-genetic factors was obtained by standardized telephone interview. Interactions between @entity71333 in @entity31983 or @entity68477 in @entity6763 and each of the suspected non-genetic factors were tested, with the SNPs coded as counts of minor alleles (trend variable). Statistical interactions were observed between @entity68477 and maternal insecticide use (p = 0.012), breastfeeding p = 0.017) and repeated early common @entity281 (p = 0.0070), with allelic odds ratios (OR) which were only increased among the @entity1 not exposed to insecticides (OR = 1.8, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.4), those who had been breastfed (OR = 1.8, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.5) and those who had had repeated early common @entity281 (OR = 2.4, 95%CI: 1.5, 3.8). The allelic ORs were close to one among @entity1 exposed to insecticides, who had not been breastfed and who had had no or few common @entity281 . Repeated early common @entity281 interacted with @entity71333 (p = 0.018) in the case-only design. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether these observations of a modification of the effect of the at-risk alleles by non-genetic factors are chance findings or reflect true underlying mechanisms.

title: XXXX , @entity6763 and Non-Genetic Factors in the Etiology of @entity981 : The ESCALE Study.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity31983 :: (84159,Gene) :: ['ARID5B']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified that frequent polymorphisms in @entity31983 and @entity6763 , two genes involved in lymphoid differentiation, increase the risk of childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ). These findings markedly modified the current field of research on the etiology of @entity981 . In this new context, the present exploratory study investigated the possible interactions between these at-risk alleles and the non-genetic suspected @entity981 risk factors that were of sufficient prevalence in the French ESCALE study: maternal use of home insecticides during pregnancy, preconception paternal smoking, and some proxies for early immune modulation, i.e. breastfeeding, history of common @entity281 before age one year, and birth order. The analyses were based on 434 @entity981 cases and 442 controls of European origin, drawn from the nationwide population-based case-control study ESCALE. Information on non-genetic factors was obtained by standardized telephone interview. Interactions between @entity71333 in @entity31983 or @entity68477 in @entity6763 and each of the suspected non-genetic factors were tested, with the SNPs coded as counts of minor alleles (trend variable). Statistical interactions were observed between @entity68477 and maternal insecticide use (p = 0.012), breastfeeding p = 0.017) and repeated early common @entity281 (p = 0.0070), with allelic odds ratios (OR) which were only increased among the @entity1 not exposed to insecticides (OR = 1.8, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.4), those who had been breastfed (OR = 1.8, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.5) and those who had had repeated early common @entity281 (OR = 2.4, 95%CI: 1.5, 3.8). The allelic ORs were close to one among @entity1 exposed to insecticides, who had not been breastfed and who had had no or few common @entity281 . Repeated early common @entity281 interacted with @entity71333 (p = 0.018) in the case-only design. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether these observations of a modification of the effect of the at-risk alleles by non-genetic factors are chance findings or reflect true underlying mechanisms.

title: @entity31983 , @entity6763 and Non-Genetic Factors in the Etiology of XXXX : The ESCALE Study.

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified that frequent polymorphisms in @entity31983 and @entity6763 , two genes involved in lymphoid differentiation, increase the risk of childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ). These findings markedly modified the current field of research on the etiology of @entity981 . In this new context, the present exploratory study investigated the possible interactions between these at-risk alleles and the non-genetic suspected @entity981 risk factors that were of sufficient prevalence in the French ESCALE study: maternal use of home insecticides during pregnancy, preconception paternal smoking, and some proxies for early immune modulation, i.e. breastfeeding, history of common @entity281 before age one year, and birth order. The analyses were based on 434 @entity981 cases and 442 controls of European origin, drawn from the nationwide population-based case-control study ESCALE. Information on non-genetic factors was obtained by standardized telephone interview. Interactions between @entity71333 in @entity31983 or @entity68477 in @entity6763 and each of the suspected non-genetic factors were tested, with the SNPs coded as counts of minor alleles (trend variable). Statistical interactions were observed between @entity68477 and maternal insecticide use (p = 0.012), breastfeeding p = 0.017) and repeated early common @entity281 (p = 0.0070), with allelic odds ratios (OR) which were only increased among the @entity1 not exposed to insecticides (OR = 1.8, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.4), those who had been breastfed (OR = 1.8, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.5) and those who had had repeated early common @entity281 (OR = 2.4, 95%CI: 1.5, 3.8). The allelic ORs were close to one among @entity1 exposed to insecticides, who had not been breastfed and who had had no or few common @entity281 . Repeated early common @entity281 interacted with @entity71333 (p = 0.018) in the case-only design. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether these observations of a modification of the effect of the at-risk alleles by non-genetic factors are chance findings or reflect true underlying mechanisms.

title: @entity31983 , XXXX and Non-Genetic Factors in the Etiology of @entity981 : The ESCALE Study.

answer: @entity6763 :: (10320,Gene) :: ['IKZF1']


abstract: The role and mechanisms of action of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in skin remain unclear. Epidermal keratinocytes possess @entity442 receptors and are responsive to @entity442 , which is primarily derived from underlying dermal fibroblasts. IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), also synthesized by fibroblasts, may be involved in paracrine targeting of @entity442 to its receptors. We therefore examined whether @entity1 keratinocytes synthesize IGFBPs and their mRNAs. Following culture in complete medium (containing @entity291 pituitary extract and @entity11428 ) Western ligand blotting (WLB) of cell conditioned medium revealed a major band of 32 kD, a less abundant IGFBP of 24 kD at all passages, and a 37-42 kD IGFBP which increased in abundance in late passage. Immunoprecipitation followed by WLB confirmed that the predominant 32 kD band was @entity10513 . Radioimmunoassay of @entity71334 revealed detectable levels of @entity2301 and significant levels of @entity19518 , but not @entity10116 . Northern analysis following culture in complete medium revealed that at early passage @entity71335 mRNAs were detectable. @entity54738 mRNAs were not detectable. Following culture in growth factor-free medium a 37-42 kD band, consistent with @entity2301 , was predominant and a 24 kD band consistent with @entity12561 was also present. These data demonstrate the expression of a distinct pattern of IGFBPs by cultured @entity1 keratinocytes dependent on culture conditions. Keratinocyte-derived IGFBPs are likely to play a role in the transport and targeting of @entity442 from dermally derived fibroblasts to the epidermis.

title: Identification of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins from cultured XXXX epidermal keratinocytes.

entities_list: @entity11428 :: ('521832(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Research has documented health risks associated with sex work, but few U.S. studies have focused on the exotic dance industry. We undertook this study to describe the factors that influenced @entity1 's entry into exotic dance and explored the relation of these forces to their subsequent @entity2953 ( @entity2953 )/ @entity645 risk trajectory. Qualitative interviews (N = 25) were conducted with female exotic dancers from June through August 2009. Data were analyzed through Atlas-ti using an inductive approach. Economic vulnerability was the primary force behind @entity1 's initiation into the profession. Drug use, physical abuse, and enjoyment of dancing were often concurrent with economic need and provided a further push toward exotic dance. Social networks facilitated entry by normalizing the profession and presenting it as a solution to financial hardship. Characteristics of exotic dance clubs, such as immediate hire and daily pay, attracted @entity1 in a state of financial vulnerability. @entity1 's motivations for dancing, including economic vulnerability and drug use practices, shaped their @entity2953 / @entity645 risk once immersed in the club environment, with social networks often facilitating sexual risk behavior. Understanding the factors that drive @entity1 to exotic dance and influence risk behavior in the club may assist in the development of targeted harm reduction interventions for exotic dancers.

title: Exotic Dance in Baltimore: From Entry to XXXX / @entity645 Risk.

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STI', 'sexually transmitted infection']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['STI']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Research has documented health risks associated with sex work, but few U.S. studies have focused on the exotic dance industry. We undertook this study to describe the factors that influenced @entity1 's entry into exotic dance and explored the relation of these forces to their subsequent @entity2953 ( @entity2953 )/ @entity645 risk trajectory. Qualitative interviews (N = 25) were conducted with female exotic dancers from June through August 2009. Data were analyzed through Atlas-ti using an inductive approach. Economic vulnerability was the primary force behind @entity1 's initiation into the profession. Drug use, physical abuse, and enjoyment of dancing were often concurrent with economic need and provided a further push toward exotic dance. Social networks facilitated entry by normalizing the profession and presenting it as a solution to financial hardship. Characteristics of exotic dance clubs, such as immediate hire and daily pay, attracted @entity1 in a state of financial vulnerability. @entity1 's motivations for dancing, including economic vulnerability and drug use practices, shaped their @entity2953 / @entity645 risk once immersed in the club environment, with social networks often facilitating sexual risk behavior. Understanding the factors that drive @entity1 to exotic dance and influence risk behavior in the club may assist in the development of targeted harm reduction interventions for exotic dancers.

title: Exotic Dance in Baltimore: From Entry to @entity2953 / XXXX Risk.

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditionally, @entity208 is not initiated during an @entity697 to avoid prolonging the painful @entity625 . The 2012 American College of Rheumatology Guidelines for the Management of Gout suggest that urate-lowering therapy can be started during an acute attack, based on "consensus opinion of experts, case studies, or standard of care." OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether initiating @entity208 will adversely affect the resolution of acute, treated @entity210 . METHODS: We conducted a 28-day, placebo-controlled, double-blind study of @entity208 initiation in @entity1 with @entity697 . @entity1 with crystal-proven @entity210 by arthrocentesis were enrolled if they presented to the rheumatology clinic with an @entity697 within 72 hours from initial therapy. The @entity1 were also required to meet at least 1 additional criterion for urate-lowering therapy including (1) the presence of @entity697 per year, (3) a history of @entity1790 , or (4) urate overproduction (>1000 mg in 24-hour urine collection). @entity1 were excluded from the study if they had a glomerular filtration rate of less than 50 or liver function test of greater than 1.25 times the upper limit of normal. The treating physician determined therapy for the @entity697 . Standard prophylaxis, with @entity3812 or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, was prescribed. @entity208 or placebo was initiated at 100 mg daily for the first 14 days and then increased to 200 mg daily for the next 14 days. The primary end point was protocol defined days to resolution of @entity697 , incorporating @entity1 -rated joint @entity158 and physician examination. Secondary measures included Physician Global Assessment, @entity1 -rated @entity158 , adverse effects of therapy, and serum @entity414 . RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 (17 on placebo, 14 on @entity208 ) completed the study. Both intent-to-treat and completer analyses showed only a statistically insignificant difference in days to resolution (15.4 days in the @entity208 group completers vs 13.4 days in the placebo group; P = 0.5). The secondary measures revealed that the acute phase of @entity158 rapidly improved in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: We initiated @entity208 at low doses during an @entity697 in @entity1 who met criteria for starting urate-lowering therapy and did not have abnormal kidney or liver function. In this cohort, @entity208 did not prolong the acute, treated attack.

title: Does Starting XXXX Prolong Acute Treated Gout? A Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gout', 'acute gout attack', 'gouty tophi, (2) more than 1 acute gout attack']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['Allopurinol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cutoff values for @entity101 (BP) are not established in @entity101 guidelines. The aim of the study was to assess optimal cutoff values for increased exercise BP to predict incident @entity101 . METHODS: Data of 661 normotensive @entity1 (386 @entity1 ) aged 25-77 years from the Study of Health in Pomerania ( @entity2708 ) with a 5-year follow-up were used. Exercise BP was measured at a submaximal level of 100W and at maximum level of a symptom-limited cycle ergometry test. Cutoff values for increased exercise BP were defined at the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of incident @entity101 . The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and net reclassification index (NRI) were calculated to investigate whether increased exercise BP adds predictive value for incident @entity101 beyond established cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: In @entity1 , values of 160mmHg (100W level; AUC=0.7837; NRI=0.534, P<0.001) and 210mmHg (maximum level; AUC=0.7677; NRI=0.340, P=0.003) were detected as optimal cutoff values for the definition of increased exercise @entity13519 . A value of 190mmHg (AUC=0.8347; NRI=0.519, P<0.001) showed relevance for the definition of increased exercise @entity13519 in @entity1 at the maximum level. CONCLUSION: According to our analyses, 190 and 210mmHg are clinically relevant cutoff values for increased exercise @entity13519 at the maximum exercise level of cycle ergometry test for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. In addition, for @entity1 , our analyses provided a cutoff value of 160mmHg for increased exercise @entity13519 at the 100W level.

title: Assessing cutoff values for XXXX to predict incident @entity101 in a general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increased exercise blood pressure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['increased exercise blood pressure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cutoff values for @entity101 (BP) are not established in @entity101 guidelines. The aim of the study was to assess optimal cutoff values for increased exercise BP to predict incident @entity101 . METHODS: Data of 661 normotensive @entity1 (386 @entity1 ) aged 25-77 years from the Study of Health in Pomerania ( @entity2708 ) with a 5-year follow-up were used. Exercise BP was measured at a submaximal level of 100W and at maximum level of a symptom-limited cycle ergometry test. Cutoff values for increased exercise BP were defined at the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of incident @entity101 . The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) and net reclassification index (NRI) were calculated to investigate whether increased exercise BP adds predictive value for incident @entity101 beyond established cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: In @entity1 , values of 160mmHg (100W level; AUC=0.7837; NRI=0.534, P<0.001) and 210mmHg (maximum level; AUC=0.7677; NRI=0.340, P=0.003) were detected as optimal cutoff values for the definition of increased exercise @entity13519 . A value of 190mmHg (AUC=0.8347; NRI=0.519, P<0.001) showed relevance for the definition of increased exercise @entity13519 in @entity1 at the maximum level. CONCLUSION: According to our analyses, 190 and 210mmHg are clinically relevant cutoff values for increased exercise @entity13519 at the maximum exercise level of cycle ergometry test for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. In addition, for @entity1 , our analyses provided a cutoff value of 160mmHg for increased exercise @entity13519 at the 100W level.

title: Assessing cutoff values for @entity101 to predict incident XXXX in a general population.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between @entity52 ( @entity52 ) and later admission to hospital with a mental health diagnosis in @entity1 who remained childless after @entity249 treatment. METHODS: This was a population-based cohort study using linked administrative hospital and registry data. The study population included all @entity1 commencing hospital treatment for @entity249 in Western Australia between the years 1982 and 2002 aged 20-44 years at treatment commencement who did not have a recorded birth by the end of follow-up (15 August 2010) and did not have a hospital mental health admission prior to the first @entity249 admission (n=6,567). Of these, 2,623 @entity1 had @entity52 and 3,944 did not. We used multivariate Cox regression modeling of mental health admissions and compared @entity1 undergoing @entity52 treatment with @entity1 having @entity249 treatment but not @entity52 . RESULTS: Over an average of 17 years of follow-up, 411 @entity1 in the cohort were admitted to hospital with a mental health diagnosis; 93 who had @entity52 and 318 who did not. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for a hospital mental health admission comparing @entity1 who had @entity52 with those receiving other @entity249 treatment was 0.50 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40-0.63). After adjustment for age, calendar year and socio-economic status the HR was 0.56 (95% CI 0.44-0.71). CONCLUSIONS: @entity52 treatment is associated with a reduced risk of hospital mental health admissions in @entity1 after unsuccessful @entity249 treatment. This may be explained by the healthy cohort effect.

title: Hospital Mental Health Admissions in XXXX after Unsuccessful Infertility Treatment and In Vitro Fertilization: An Australian Population-Based Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: Two isolates of a novel, moderately thermophilic Thiobacillus species have been studied. The isolates, KU and BC13, are Gram-negative, motile bacteria having a pH optimum for growth of 2-2.5 and an optimum growth temperature of 45 degrees C. Both isolates are capable of chemolithotrophic growth on reduced @entity599 substrates. They can also use molecular @entity3884 as an electron donor. These two isolates can grow mixotrophically with @entity599 or @entity17464 and @entity375 extract or @entity413 . The G+C content is 63.1-63.9 mol% and the isolates exhibit no significant DNA homology to any other Thiobacillus species. Strains KU and BC13 both contain ubiquinone Q-8. 16S rRNA analysis indicates that these strains belong to a group of bacteria which includes other chemolithotrophic @entity599 oxidizers such as @entity404 and T. thiooxidans. These characteristics distinguish KU and BC13 from any other species described previously and they thus represent the first acidophilic, thermophilic Thiobacillus species, named @entity39337 sp. nov., to be described. The type strain, referred to as strain KU in this paper, has been deposited in the Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen, Braunschweig, FRG, with the accession number @entity39337 .

title: Characterization of XXXX sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic acidophile.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity17464 :: ('CHEBI:16094', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrathionate']

entities_list: @entity404 :: ('920', 'Species') :: ['T. ferrooxidans']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity39337 :: (33059,Species) :: ['Thiobacillus caldus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a computer-aided approach to the assessment of spinal inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in @entity1691 as compared to visual assessment. METHODS: Following institutional ethics approval, 32 @entity1 (mean        SD age 35.3        10.2 years) with active @entity1691 underwent treatment with @entity1499 and infliximab for 30 weeks. Spinal MRI examination (T1-weighted, T2-weighted fat-suppressed, and postcontrast T1-weighted fat-suppressed sagittal sequences using a 1.5T MRI system) was performed at baseline and at 30 weeks. Following manual identification of the vertebral corners, vertebral body segmentation was performed using a deformable model that automatically isolated the 4 vertebral corner areas, allowing automatic measurement of the relative mean corner intensity of each vertebral corner before and after treatment. Quantitative computer-aided assessment of spinal inflammation was compared with a semiquantitative visual assessment of spinal inflammation (the Berlin method). RESULTS: Computer-aided quantification was quick and highly reliable, and it identified increases in vertebral corner @entity4 or enhancement that were significantly decreased following treatment (P   <   0.5). For computer-aided analysis, there was excellent inter- and intrarater correlation of both corner @entity4 and enhancement (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] >0.99), and the correlations were better than those for visual analysis (ICCs 0.83-0.96). For computer-aided analysis, the standardized response mean was 1.67 for corner @entity4 and 1.64 for enhancement, as compared to 1.20 and 1.18, respectively, for visual analysis. Computer-aided quantification of MRI data correlated better (r   =   0.50-0.53, P   <   0.01) with clinical features of @entity66 activity pre- and posttreatment than did visual analysis of spinal inflammation (r   =   0.37-0.43, P   >   0.02). CONCLUSION: Computer-aided assessment of spinal inflammation in @entity1691 is quick, reliable, and sensitive and correlates better with clinical disease activity than does visual assessment by the Berlin method.

title: Computer-Aided Assessment of Spinal Inflammation on Magnetic Resonance Images in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disease']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'spondyloarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['Spondyloarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a computer-aided approach to the assessment of spinal inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in @entity1691 as compared to visual assessment. METHODS: Following institutional ethics approval, 32 @entity1 (mean        SD age 35.3        10.2 years) with active @entity1691 underwent treatment with @entity1499 and infliximab for 30 weeks. Spinal MRI examination (T1-weighted, T2-weighted fat-suppressed, and postcontrast T1-weighted fat-suppressed sagittal sequences using a 1.5T MRI system) was performed at baseline and at 30 weeks. Following manual identification of the vertebral corners, vertebral body segmentation was performed using a deformable model that automatically isolated the 4 vertebral corner areas, allowing automatic measurement of the relative mean corner intensity of each vertebral corner before and after treatment. Quantitative computer-aided assessment of spinal inflammation was compared with a semiquantitative visual assessment of spinal inflammation (the Berlin method). RESULTS: Computer-aided quantification was quick and highly reliable, and it identified increases in vertebral corner @entity4 or enhancement that were significantly decreased following treatment (P   <   0.5). For computer-aided analysis, there was excellent inter- and intrarater correlation of both corner @entity4 and enhancement (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] >0.99), and the correlations were better than those for visual analysis (ICCs 0.83-0.96). For computer-aided analysis, the standardized response mean was 1.67 for corner @entity4 and 1.64 for enhancement, as compared to 1.20 and 1.18, respectively, for visual analysis. Computer-aided quantification of MRI data correlated better (r   =   0.50-0.53, P   <   0.01) with clinical features of @entity66 activity pre- and posttreatment than did visual analysis of spinal inflammation (r   =   0.37-0.43, P   >   0.02). CONCLUSION: Computer-aided assessment of spinal inflammation in @entity1691 is quick, reliable, and sensitive and correlates better with clinical disease activity than does visual assessment by the Berlin method.

title: Computer-Aided Assessment of Spinal Inflammation on Magnetic Resonance Images in XXXX With @entity1691 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate and compare the long-term outcome of sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSF) in combination with various other compartment defect native tissue repairs with hysterectomy or hysteropexy. METHODS: Medical records of 159 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity3577 ( @entity3577 ) between April 2004 and August 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. @entity1 were assessed at baseline and at 5-year postoperative follow-up. SSF, anterior (AC) and posterior colporrhaphy (PC), both with and without hysterectomy, were performed. Primary outcome was objective cure ( @entity3577 quantification system [ @entity3577 -Q]  <=1) and subjective cure (negative response to questions 2 and 3 on Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory 6 [POPDI-6]). Subanalysis was done on @entity1 who had uterus preserved compared with those with vaginal hysterectomy. RESULTS: Postoperative data were available for 146 @entity1 : 120 in the hysterectomy group and 26 in the hysteropexy group. Mean age, parity, postmenopausal status and mean operating time in the hysterectomy group were significantly higher than in the hysteropexy group. At median follow-up of 86 months, objective cure at overall compartments for all @entity1 was 67.8%, and for subjective cure, this was 64.4%. There was no difference in the adjusted odds ratio for objective and subjective cure rates in both groups, but the hysterectomy group had a significantly lower mean total POPDI-6 score. CONCLUSION: SSF plus AC and PC have a low reoperation rate despite a moderate success rate at 7-year follow-up. There was no difference in the adjusted objective, subjective success rates and sexual function between sacrospinous hysteropexy and hysterectomy. The hysterectomy group, however, had fewer bothersome prolapse symptoms.

title: Long-term outcome of native tissue reconstructive vaginal surgery for advanced XXXX at 86 months: Hysterectomy versus hysteropexy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse', 'POP']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several North American studies have observed survival benefit in @entity1 exposed to b-blockers following @entity131 ( @entity131 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of b-blockade on mortality in a Swedish cohort of isolated severe @entity131 @entity1 . METHODS: The @entity130 registry of an urban academic @entity130 center was queried to identify @entity1 with an isolated severe @entity131 between 1/2007 and 12/2011. Isolated severe @entity131 was defined as an @entity1504 with an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) >= 3 excluding extra-cranial injuries AIS >= 3. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effect of b-blocker exposure on mortality. Also, a subgroup analysis was performed to investigate the risk of mortality in @entity1 on pre-admission b-blocker versus not and the effect of specific type of b-blocker on the overall outcome. RESULTS: Overall, 874 @entity1 met the study criteria. Of these, 33  % (n  =  287) were exposed to b-blockers during their hospital admission. The exposed @entity1 were older (62      16  years vs. 49      21  years, p  <  0.001), and more severely injured based on their admission GCS, ISS, and head AIS scores (GCS  <=8: 32  % vs. 28  %, p  =  0.007; ISS >= 16: 71  % vs. 59  %, p  =  0.001; head AIS >= 4: 60  % vs. 45  %, p  <  0.001). The crude mortality was higher in @entity1 who did not receive b-blockers (17  % vs. 11  %, p  =  0.007) during their admission. After adjustment for significant confounders, the @entity1 not exposed to b-blockers had a 5-fold increased risk of in-hospital mortality (AOR 5.0, CI 95  % 2.7-8.5, p  =  0.001). No difference in survival was noted in regards to the type of b-blocker used. Subgroup analysis revealed a higher risk of mortality in @entity1 naive to b-blockers compared to those on pre-admission b-blocker therapy (AOR 3.0 CI 95  % 1.2-7.1, p  =  0.015). CONCLUSIONS: b-blocker exposure after isolated severe @entity131 is associated with significantly improved survival. We also noted decreased mortality in @entity1 on pre-admission b-blocker therapy compared to @entity1 naive to such treatment. Further prospective studies are warranted.

title: The Effect of b-blockade on Survival After Isolated Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: MAIN CONCLUSION: During re-establishment of desiccation tolerance (DT), early events promote initial protection and @entity851 , while late events promote stress adaptation and contribute to survival in the dry state. Mature seeds of @entity958 are desiccation tolerant, but they lose desiccation tolerance (DT) while progressing to germination. Yet, there is a small developmental window during which DT can be rescued by treatment with @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ). To gain temporal resolution and identify relevant genes in this process, data from a time series of microarrays were used to build a gene co-expression network. The network has two regions, namely early response (ER) and late response (LR). Genes in the ER region are related to biological processes, such as dormancy, acquisition of DT and drought, amplification of signals, @entity851 and induction of protection mechanisms (such as LEA proteins). Genes in the LR region lead to inhibition of photosynthesis and primary metabolism, promote adaptation to stress conditions and contribute to seed longevity. Phenotyping of 12 hubs in relation to re-establishment of DT with T-DNA insertion lines indicated a significant increase in the ability to re-establish DT compared with the wild-type in the lines cbsx4, at3g53040 and at4g25580, suggesting the operation of redundant and compensatory mechanisms. Moreover, we show that re-establishment of DT by @entity968 and @entity2272 occurs through partially overlapping mechanisms. Our data confirm that co-expression network analysis is a valid approach to examine data from time series of transcriptome analysis, as it provides promising insights into biologically relevant relations that help to generate new information about the roles of certain genes for DT.

title: A gene co-expression network predicts functional genes controlling the re-establishment of desiccation tolerance in germinated XXXX seeds.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Individuals with @entity161 display @entity149 for which available treatments offer only limited benefits. Yet, findings from studies of animals, clinical and nonclinical populations have linked neurocognitive improvements to increases in @entity410 ( @entity410 ) via aerobic exercise training (AE). Such improvements have been attributed to up-regulation of @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ). However, the impact of AE on neurocognition, and the putative role of @entity2252 , have not been investigated in @entity161 . Employing a proof-of-concept, single-blind, randomized clinical trial design, 33 individuals with @entity161 were randomized to receive standard psychiatric treatment (n = 17; "treatment as usual"; TAU) or attend a 12-week AE program (n = 16) utilizing active-play video games (Xbox 360 Kinect) and traditional AE equipment. @entity1 completed assessments of @entity410 (indexed by VO2 peak ml/kg/min), neurocognition (MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery), and serum- @entity2252 before and after and 12-week period. Twenty-six @entity1 (79%) completed the study. At follow-up, the AE @entity1 improved their @entity410 by 18.0% vs a -0.5% decline in the TAU group (P = .002) and improved their neurocognition by 15.1% vs -2.0% decline in the TAU group (P = .031). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that enhancement in @entity410 and increases in @entity2252 predicted 25.4% and 14.6% of the neurocognitive improvement variance, respectively. The results indicate AE is effective in enhancing neurocognitive functioning in @entity1 with @entity161 and provide preliminary support for the impact of AE-related @entity2252 up-regulation on neurocognition in this population. Poor @entity410 represents a modifiable risk factor for @entity149 in @entity161 for which AE training offer a safe, nonstigmatizing, and side-effect-free intervention.

title: The Impact of Aerobic Exercise on @entity2252 and Neurocognition in Individuals With XXXX : A Single-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['aerobic fitness', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive dysfunction', 'substantial neurocognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Individuals with @entity161 display @entity149 for which available treatments offer only limited benefits. Yet, findings from studies of animals, clinical and nonclinical populations have linked neurocognitive improvements to increases in @entity410 ( @entity410 ) via aerobic exercise training (AE). Such improvements have been attributed to up-regulation of @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ). However, the impact of AE on neurocognition, and the putative role of @entity2252 , have not been investigated in @entity161 . Employing a proof-of-concept, single-blind, randomized clinical trial design, 33 individuals with @entity161 were randomized to receive standard psychiatric treatment (n = 17; "treatment as usual"; TAU) or attend a 12-week AE program (n = 16) utilizing active-play video games (Xbox 360 Kinect) and traditional AE equipment. @entity1 completed assessments of @entity410 (indexed by VO2 peak ml/kg/min), neurocognition (MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery), and serum- @entity2252 before and after and 12-week period. Twenty-six @entity1 (79%) completed the study. At follow-up, the AE @entity1 improved their @entity410 by 18.0% vs a -0.5% decline in the TAU group (P = .002) and improved their neurocognition by 15.1% vs -2.0% decline in the TAU group (P = .031). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that enhancement in @entity410 and increases in @entity2252 predicted 25.4% and 14.6% of the neurocognitive improvement variance, respectively. The results indicate AE is effective in enhancing neurocognitive functioning in @entity1 with @entity161 and provide preliminary support for the impact of AE-related @entity2252 up-regulation on neurocognition in this population. Poor @entity410 represents a modifiable risk factor for @entity149 in @entity161 for which AE training offer a safe, nonstigmatizing, and side-effect-free intervention.

title: The Impact of Aerobic Exercise on XXXX and Neurocognition in Individuals With @entity161 : A Single-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Airway remodeling is a proposed mechanism that underlies the persistent loss of lung function associated with childhood @entity565 . Previous studies have demonstrated that @entity1 lung fibroblasts (HLFs) co-cultured with primary @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) from asthmatic @entity1 exhibit greater expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components compared to co-culture with BECs derived from healthy @entity1 . Myofibroblasts represent a population of differentiated fibroblasts that have greater synthetic activity. We hypothesized co-culture with asthmatic BECs would lead to greater fibroblast to myofibroblast transition (FMT) compared to co-culture with healthy BECs. METHODS: BECs were obtained from well-characterized asthmatic and healthy @entity1 and were proliferated and differentiated at an air-liquid interface (ALI). BEC-ALI cultures were co-cultured with HLFs for 96  hours. RT-PCR was performed in HLFs for @entity1970 ( @entity1970 ) and flow cytometry was used to assay for @entity1970 antibody labeling of HLFs. RT-PCR was also preformed for the expression of tropomyosin-I as an additional marker of myofibroblast phenotype. In separate experiments, we investigated the role of @entity6474 in BEC- @entity15263 co-cultures using monoclonal antibody inhibition. RESULTS: Expression of @entity1970 by HLFs alone was greater than by HLFs co-cultured with healthy BECs, but not different than @entity1970 expression by HLFs co-cultured with asthmatic BECs. Flow cytometry also revealed significantly less @entity1970 expression by healthy co-co-cultures compared to asthmatic co-cultures or @entity15263 alone. Monoclonal antibody inhibition of @entity6474 led to similar expression of @entity1970 between healthy and asthmatic BEC- @entity15263 co-cultures. Expression of topomyosin-I was also significantly increased in @entity15263 co-cultured with asthmatic BECs compared to healthy BEC- @entity15263 co-cultures or @entity15263 cultured alone. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest dysregulation of FMT in @entity15263 co-cultured with asthmatic as compared to healthy BECs. Our results suggest @entity6474 may be involved in the differential regulation of FMT by asthmatic BECs. These findings further illustrate the importance of BEC- @entity15263 cross-talk in asthmatic airway remodeling.

title: Fibroblast-myofibroblast transition is differentially regulated by bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1970 :: ('58', 'Gene') :: ['a-SMA', 'alpha smooth muscle actin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity10687 (CP) is the most commonly used pesticide in agricultural fields worldwide. Exposure to CP and its metabolites creates severe @entity528 in @entity1 beings. Improper handling and uncontrolled application of CP by farmers have lead to the contamination of surface and ground water bodies. Biodegradation offers an efficient and cost effective method for the removal of CP and other toxic @entity5139 pesticides from the contaminated environment. The degradation of CP by various microorganisms has been investigated by several researchers over the past few years. This review presents a critical summary of the recent published results on the biodegradation of CP. A diverse range of bacterial species such as Agrobacterium sp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Enterobacter sp. Arthrobacter sp. @entity19344 , Pseudomonas sp. etc., fungal species like Trichoderma viridae, @entity11150 , Verticillium sp., Acremonium sp. Cladosporium cladosporiodes, etc. and certain algal species viz. @entity14398 , Spirulina platensis, Synechocystis sp., etc., have been shown to degrade CP. The efficacy of these communities for CP degradation in batch and continuous modes has also been discussed but more studies are required on continuous reactors. Also, the available published information on kinetics of biodegradation of CP along with the available results on molecular biological approaches are discussed in this work.

title: Utilization of microbial community potential for removal of XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity19344 :: ('1408', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus pumilus']

entities_list: @entity14398 :: ('3077', 'Species') :: ['Chlorella vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron-disorders']

entities_list: @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphorus']

entities_list: @entity10687 :: ('MESH:D004390', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorpyrifos']

answer: @entity10687 :: (MESH:D004390,Chemical) :: ['chlorpyrifos']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 are rare benign @entity5 , up to 75% of which occur in the hand, mainly the subungual area. Local recurrence and @entity5806 are commonly seen if @entity5 excision is not performed completely or properly. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess the long-term efficacy of microscopic excision of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis reviewed a total of 22 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 who underwent microscopic surgical excision at a single medical center over a 12-year period (2002-2014). Outcomes were analyzed based on symptom relief, recurrence rate, finger function, nail esthetics, and @entity1 satisfaction. RESULTS: With a mean follow-up period of 48.4 months, neither recurrence nor postexcision @entity5806 developed in any @entity1 . @entity1 satisfaction was rated as "good" in 86.3% of @entity1 (19/22). CONCLUSION: Microscopic surgical excision enables the surgeon to completely remove a @entity5 while minimizing damage to the nail unit, thereby resulting in significantly decreased recurrence and @entity5806 . In this study, an incision made according to the anatomic location provided an easy approach and the best visualization. @entity1 ' finger function was successfully restored, nail esthetic outcome was good, and @entity1 satisfaction was high.

title: Outcome of Microscopic Excision of a XXXX : A 12-Year Evaluation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glomus tumors', 'neurovascular tumors', 'Glomus tumors', 'subungual glomus tumors', 'glomus tumor']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail deformity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Subungual Glomus Tumor']