abstract: Peripheral blood fibrocytes are a newly identified leukocyte subpopulation that displays fibroblast-like properties. These blood-borne cells can rapidly enter the site of injury at the same time as circulating inflammatory cells. We hypothesize that circulating fibrocytes represent an important source of fibroblasts for healing of extensive burn wounds where it may be difficult for fibroblasts to migrate from the edges of uninjured tissue. In this study we identified and quantified fibrocytes among the adherent cells cultured from @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from 18 burn @entity1 and 12 normal individuals, based on their ability to express type I collagen. Our results showed that adherent cells cultured from PBMC of burn @entity1 differentiated to fibrocytes more efficiently than did those from normal individuals. The percentage of type I collagen-positive fibrocytes was significantly higher for @entity1 than for controls (89.7 +/- 7.9% versus 69.9 +/- 14.7%, p < 0.001). This percentage was consistently higher for @entity1 with a >/=30% total body surface area burn until 1 year, with the highest percentage appearing within 3 weeks of injury. A positive correlation was found between the levels of serum @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and the percentage of fibrocytes developing in the cultures of PBMC derived from these @entity1 . We also demonstrated that fibrocytes were derived from @entity5750 (+) cells but not @entity5750 (-) cells. Conditioned medium from @entity5750 (-) cells was, however, required for fibrocyte differentiation, whereas direct contact between @entity5750 (-) and @entity5750 (+) cells was not necessary. Treatment of the cell cultures with @entity2533 enhanced the development of collagen-positive cells, whereas the inclusion of neutralizing anti- @entity2533 antibodies in the @entity5750 (-) conditioned medium suppressed fibrocyte differentiation. These data suggest that the development of fibrocytes is up-regulated systemically in burn @entity1 . Increased @entity2533 in serum stimulates the differentiation of the @entity5750 (+) cell population in PBMC into collagen-producing cells that may be important in wound healing and @entity2318 .

title: Peripheral blood fibrocytes from burn XXXX : identification and quantification of fibrocytes in adherent cells cultured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1', 'TGF-beta']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 3-year-old Filipino-American @entity1 with recurrent @entity221 , @entity381 , @entity417 , and @entity882 , was found to have a hemoglobin F level of 76.9%. His reticulocyte count was elevated (4.3%), and erythroblasts were present in his peripheral blood. The @entity1 's erythrocytes were microcytic (MCV 66.9 fl) but his serum ferritin level was normal. His bone marrow at initial presentation demonstrated normal cellularity without an increase in blast cells. The disease progressed with worsening @entity417 , @entity491 , and @entity882 , with increased blasts in his marrow and the appearance of a mediastinal mass. His liver, spleen, and lymph nodes were found to be infiltrated with myeloblasts, supporting a diagnosis of @entity12188 ( @entity12188 ). Analysis of the @entity1 's Hb F showed a Ggamma/Agamma ratio of 2.2, which was within the characteristic range for @entity12188 . A globin synthesis study using blood reticulocytes showed an alpha/non-alpha globin synthesis ratio of 2.24, typical of severe homozygous @entity8674 . Southern blot analysis of blood-leukocyte DNA from the @entity1 and his parents demonstrated no apparent abnormality in the beta-globin gene promoter or coding regions. The elevated level of Hb F in this @entity1 with @entity12188 appeared to be part of an acquired @entity8674 -like hematologic phenotype.

title: @entity12188 ( XXXX ) with the hematologic phenotype of severe @entity8674 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['JMML', 'juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta thalassemia', "Cooley's anemia"]

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity12188 :: (MESH:D054429,Disease) :: ['JMML']


abstract: A 3-year-old Filipino-American @entity1 with recurrent @entity221 , @entity381 , @entity417 , and @entity882 , was found to have a hemoglobin F level of 76.9%. His reticulocyte count was elevated (4.3%), and erythroblasts were present in his peripheral blood. The @entity1 's erythrocytes were microcytic (MCV 66.9 fl) but his serum ferritin level was normal. His bone marrow at initial presentation demonstrated normal cellularity without an increase in blast cells. The disease progressed with worsening @entity417 , @entity491 , and @entity882 , with increased blasts in his marrow and the appearance of a mediastinal mass. His liver, spleen, and lymph nodes were found to be infiltrated with myeloblasts, supporting a diagnosis of @entity12188 ( @entity12188 ). Analysis of the @entity1 's Hb F showed a Ggamma/Agamma ratio of 2.2, which was within the characteristic range for @entity12188 . A globin synthesis study using blood reticulocytes showed an alpha/non-alpha globin synthesis ratio of 2.24, typical of severe homozygous @entity8674 . Southern blot analysis of blood-leukocyte DNA from the @entity1 and his parents demonstrated no apparent abnormality in the beta-globin gene promoter or coding regions. The elevated level of Hb F in this @entity1 with @entity12188 appeared to be part of an acquired @entity8674 -like hematologic phenotype.

title: XXXX ( @entity12188 ) with the hematologic phenotype of severe @entity8674 .

answer: @entity12188 :: (MESH:D054429,Disease) :: ['Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia']


abstract: A 3-year-old Filipino-American @entity1 with recurrent @entity221 , @entity381 , @entity417 , and @entity882 , was found to have a hemoglobin F level of 76.9%. His reticulocyte count was elevated (4.3%), and erythroblasts were present in his peripheral blood. The @entity1 's erythrocytes were microcytic (MCV 66.9 fl) but his serum ferritin level was normal. His bone marrow at initial presentation demonstrated normal cellularity without an increase in blast cells. The disease progressed with worsening @entity417 , @entity491 , and @entity882 , with increased blasts in his marrow and the appearance of a mediastinal mass. His liver, spleen, and lymph nodes were found to be infiltrated with myeloblasts, supporting a diagnosis of @entity12188 ( @entity12188 ). Analysis of the @entity1 's Hb F showed a Ggamma/Agamma ratio of 2.2, which was within the characteristic range for @entity12188 . A globin synthesis study using blood reticulocytes showed an alpha/non-alpha globin synthesis ratio of 2.24, typical of severe homozygous @entity8674 . Southern blot analysis of blood-leukocyte DNA from the @entity1 and his parents demonstrated no apparent abnormality in the beta-globin gene promoter or coding regions. The elevated level of Hb F in this @entity1 with @entity12188 appeared to be part of an acquired @entity8674 -like hematologic phenotype.

title: @entity12188 ( @entity12188 ) with the hematologic phenotype of severe XXXX .

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta thalassemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate of the immune tolerance in adult LT recipients with Invasive @entity364 (IFIs). METHODS: 109 consecutive LT recipients who received LT were included. Percentage of T subsets ( @entity404 +CD25hiCD127- T cells, @entity404 +CD25loCD45RA+ T cells, @entity404 +CD25loCD45RA- and @entity404 +CD45RA-CD45RO+ T cells populations), levels of cytokines ( @entity1356 , @entity1199 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 , @entity379 , IL-12p70, @entity4155 , @entity310 , @entity4909 and @entity2841 ) were detected by FACS and Bioplex in peripheral blood. Biopsy specimens were fixed, monoclonal antibodies against @entity404 , @entity403 and @entity4155 were applied to the above sections and FISH was performed. RESULTS: The risk of acute rejection was decreased in fungal infected liver transplant recipients comparing with non-fungal infected group. @entity404 +CD25hiCD127T cell population was increased in peripheral blood and memory @entity404 +CD45RA-CD45RO+ T cell population decreased. There was significant lower levels observed in na  ve @entity404 +CD25loCD45RA+ and @entity404 +CD25loCD45RA- T cell populations in fungal infected liver transplant. Moreover, @entity1199 , @entity650 , @entity688 and @entity2841 were decreased. However, no significant difference with @entity3646 and @entity687 in serum in two infected LT recipients. CONCLUSION: The incidence of graft rejection in liver transplantation recipients with @entity364 was lower than the non-fungal group. It is important to assess the risk during pretransplant and postoperation for liver transplantation.

title: Immunity of XXXX alleviated graft reject in liver transplantation compared with non-fungus recipients.

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: AIM: Anorectal manometry is the most common test used to explore @entity74 . The recent three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry (3D-HRAM) technique appears to be able to provide new topographic information. Our objective was to develop an automated analysis of 3D-HRAM images to diagnose anal @entity1690 and compare the results with those of endoanal ultrasonography (EUS), which is considered to be the gold standard. METHOD: All @entity1 being tested in our department for @entity322 or @entity1142 by 3D-HRAM and EUS were eligible for the study. 3D-HRAM was used to record resting and squeeze pressure, reflecting internal and external anal sphincter function, respectively. A software platform was designed to automatically analyse the 3D-HRAM images and calculate a diagnostic score for any anal sphincter defect compared with EUS. RESULTS: A total of 206 (91% female) @entity1 of mean age of 54 years were included in the study. A sphincter defect was diagnosed by EUS in 130 (63%). The diagnostic scores from the 3D-HRAM automated analysis for an internal anal sphincter defect showed a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 65%. For an external anal sphincter defect, the sensitivity was 43% and the specificity 87%. CONCLUSION: Our study developed a method based on 3D-HRAM to automatically diagnose @entity1690 , allowing a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the test recordings. Compared with EUS, the 3D-HRAM image analysis procedure revealed poor sensitivity and specificity.

title: Three-dimensional high-resolution anorectal manometry: does it allow automated analysis of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter defects']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['dyschezia']

answer: @entity1690 :: (MESH:D046628,Disease) :: ['sphincter defects']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Katakori is a symptom name that is unique to Japan, and refers to @entity158 syndrome-like clinical signs in the shoulder girdle. Various methods of @entity158 relief for katakori have been reported, but in the present study, we examined the clinical effects of multi-acupuncture point injections (MAPI) in the acupuncture points with which we empirically achieved an effect, as well as the anatomical sites affected by liquid medicine. The subjects were idiopathic katakori @entity1 (n = 9), and three cadavers for anatomical investigation. BL-10, GB-21, LI-16, SI-14, and BL-38 as the WHO notation were selected as the acupuncture point. Injections of 1 mL of 1% w/v @entity10541 were introduced at the same time into each of these points in the @entity1 . Assessment items were the @entity158 Relief Score and the therapeutic effect period. Dissections were centered at the puncture sites of cadavers. India ink was similarly injected into each point, and each site that was darkly-stained with India ink was evaluated. @entity158 in the present study was significantly reduced by MAPI. Regardless of the presence or absence of trigger points, @entity158 was significantly reduced in these cases. Dark staining with India ink at each of the points in the anatomical analysis was as follows: BL-10: over the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and rectus capitis posterior major @entity121 ; GB-21: over the supraspinatus @entity121 ; @entity121 ; SI-14: over the @entity121 ; and BL-38: over the @entity121 . The anatomical study suggested that the drug effect was exerted on the muscles above and below the @entity121 , as well as the peripheral nerves because the points of action in acupuncture were darkly-stained in the spaces between the muscle and the @entity121 .

title: Multi-Acupuncture Point Injections and Their Anatomical Study in Relation to Neck and Shoulder XXXX Syndrome (So-Called Katakori) in Japan.

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fascia', 'rhomboid muscle fascia', 'LI-16: over the supraspinatus muscle fascia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['myofascial pain', 'Katakori pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluating the success of endoluminal repair of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) is frequently based on diameter measurements and determining the presence of @entity1070 . The use of three-dimensional volumetric data and observation of morphologic changes in the @entity439 and device have been proposed to be more appropriate for postdeployment surveillance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the long-term volumetric and morphologic data of 161 @entity1 who underwent endovascular AAA exclusion and to assess the utility of volume measurements for determining successful AAA repair. METHODS: @entity1 with spiral computed tomography scans obtained preoperatively, within the first postoperative month, at 6 months, and annually thereafter, were included in this analysis. Computerized interactive three-dimensional reconstruction of each AAA scan was performed. Total @entity439 sac volume was measured at each time interval (mean preoperative volume 169.0 +/- 78.5 mL), and the significance of volume changes was determined by mixed linear modeling, a form of repeated measures analysis, to account for longitudinal data clustered at the individual level. Sixty-two @entity1 (38%) developed @entity1070 at some time during follow-up-15 type I leaks, 45 @entity2478 , and 2 type III leaks. The @entity1 with @entity164 were treated with cuffs, and the @entity2478 were treated either with observation, @entity887 , or required open conversion. RESULTS: Aneurysm sac volume increased slightly at 1-month follow-up (+3.3%), and then decreased steadily to -12.9% at 5 years (P <.0001). This effect remained unchanged after controlling for the three device types used in our study population. @entity1 who did not exhibit an endoleak (n = 99) showed a significant decrease in @entity439 volume across the entire follow-up duration when compared with those who did exhibit an endoleak (n = 62) (P <.0001). The presence of a 10% or greater decrease in volume at 6 months demonstrated a sensitivity of 64%, a specificity of 95%, a positive predictive value of 95%, a negative predictive value of 62%, and an accuracy of 75% for predicting primary clinical success defined by successful deployment of the device; freedom from @entity439 - or procedure-related @entity204 ; freedom from endoleak, @entity397 , @entity16732 ; or conversion to open repair. CONCLUSIONS: Volumetric analysis may be used to predict successful endoluminal exclusion of @entity1028 . Volume regression appears to be device-independent and should be expected in most clinically successful cases. The presence of volume increases in the first 6 months is suspicious for an endoleak that is pressurizing the @entity439 sac and heralds the need for closer evaluation and possible intervention. A volume decrease of 10% or greater at 6 months and continuing regression over time is associated with successful endovascular repair.

title: Volume regression of XXXX and its relation to successful endoluminal exclusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['type II leaks']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['side-branch embolization']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['type I and type III leaks']

entities_list: @entity16732 :: ('MESH:D058736', 'Disease') :: ['migration, or device malfunction']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of mortality in @entity1 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ) associated with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). BACKGROUND: @entity120 is commonly associated with @entity712 . The predictors of mortality for @entity1 with these conditions are not well characterized. METHODS: In a prospective cohort of @entity1 with right heart catheterization, we identified 73  adult  @entity1 who had @entity120 due to left @entity299 ( @entity120 -LHD) associated with @entity712 (left ventricular ejection fraction  >= 50% by echocardiography); hemodynamically defined as a mean pulmonary artery pressure  >= 25  mm  Hg and pulmonary artery wedge pressure >15 mm  Hg. @entity120 severity was classified according to the diastolic pressure gradient (DPG). Cox proportional hazards ratios were used to estimate the associations between clinical variables and mortality. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the ability of hemodynamic measurements to predict mortality. RESULTS: The mean age for study subjects was 69    12 years and 74% were female. @entity1 classified as having combined post-capillary @entity120 and pre-capillary @entity120 (DPG  >= 7) were not at increased risk of @entity204 as compared to @entity1 with isolated post-capillary @entity120 (DPG  <7). A baseline pulmonary arterial capacitance (PAC) of  <1.1  ml/mm  Hg was 91% sensitive in predicting mortality, with better discriminatory ability than DPG, transpulmonary gradient, or pulmonary vascular resistance (area under the curve of 0.73, 0.50, 0.45, and 0.37, respectively). Fifty-seven subjects underwent acute vasoreactivity testing with inhaled @entity842 . Acute vasodilator response by the Rich or Sitbon criteria was not associated with improved survival. CONCLUSIONS: PAC is the best predictor of mortality in our cohort and may be useful in describing phenotypic subgroups among those with @entity120 -LHD associated with @entity712 . Acute vasodilator testing did not predict outcome in our cohort but needs to be further investigated.

title: Pulmonary Arterial Capacitance Is an Important Predictor of Mortality in XXXX With a Preserved Ejection Fraction.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HFpEF', 'heart failure with preserved ejection fraction']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity27 suffer from reduced continuous attention due to @entity51 . Among other means, driving simulator programs are employed for registration and objectification as well as observation of the course of therapy. While Steer Clear by Findley et al. and the driving simulator Carda (Randerath et al.) represent pure continuous attention tests, the new driving simulator test Carsim, measures attention interactively and continuously. This way, more complex functions are recorded. We therefore investigated Carda and the program Carsim to study the various features of both methods. For this purpose, 105 OSAS @entity1 were tested on both driving simulators concerning the mistake rate in Carda and the time of tracking deviations in Carsim. We defined the normal range by using the mean value +/- 2 standard deviations from our earlier publications in healthy @entity1 without @entity25 . With Carda the mistake rate exceeded in 10 of 105 @entity1 (9.5%) the normal range and with Carsim the frequency of tracking deviations exceeded in 49 of 105 @entity1 (46.7%) the normal range. The incidence of deviation from normal was significantly higher with Carsim testing. By additionally testing the number of pathological cases is with Carda increased from 46.7% to 51.4%. The tests characterize different components of @entity51 . Driving simulators with tracking tasks describe @entity51 in comparison with those measuring only components of reaction in a higher percentage.

title: [Two simulation programs to measure continuous attention in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological deficits']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between breast-feeding, dietary fiber intake and @entity1142 in @entity1 . METHODS: The study population consisted of 275 @entity1 consecutively enrolled in two Primary Care Clinic in the city of Embu, in the Great S  o Paulo. The feeding pattern were classified in predominantly breast-feeding, partially breast and @entity291 's milk feeding and artificial feeding. Constipation was defined by the elimination of hard stool associated with one of the following: @entity158 , hard or round cracked stools and less than three defecations a week. False @entity1142 was defined by the elimination of soft stools without @entity158 or difficulty but with less than three defecations a week. RESULTS: Constipation was found in 25.1% (69/275). False @entity1142 was found only in the first semester of life in 5.1% of 159 @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity1142 was higher between 6 and 24 months (38.8%, 45/116) than in the first semester of life (15.1%, p=0.000). A model of logistic regression demonstrated that @entity1 under artificial feeding were 4.53 times more liable to develop @entity1142 than @entity1 who were predominantly breastfed. The daily dietary fiber intake (g/day) was similar (p=0.57) among the constipated (median=9.0 g; 25th and 75th percentiles: 6.9-13.1 g) and non-constipated (median=8.8 g; 25th and 75th percentiles: 6.1-12.9 g). CONCLUSIONS: Dietary fiber intake was similar in constipated and non-constipated @entity1 . Breast-feeding serves as a protection factor against the development of @entity1142 in the first semester of life.

title: [Constipation in XXXX : influence of type of feeding and dietary fiber intake].

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful or difficult defecation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 attachment behavior mediates establishment and maintenance of social relationships. Adult attachment characteristically varies on @entity148 and avoidance dimensions, reflecting the tendencies to worry about the partner breaking the social bond ( @entity148 ) and feeling uncomfortable about depending on others (avoidance). In primates and other mammals, the endogenous  -opioid system is linked to long-term social bonding, but evidence of its role in @entity1 adult attachment remains more limited. We used in vivo positron emission tomography to reveal how variability in  -opioid receptor ( @entity6253 ) availability is associated with adult attachment in @entity1 . We scanned 49 healthy subjects using a @entity6253 -specific ligand @entity6254 and measured their attachment avoidance and @entity148 with the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised scale. The avoidance dimension of attachment correlated negatively with @entity6253 availability in the thalamus and anterior cingulate cortex, as well as the frontal cortex, amygdala, and insula. No associations were observed between @entity6253 availability and the @entity148 dimension of attachment. Our results suggest that the endogenous opioid system may underlie interindividual differences in avoidant attachment style in @entity1 adults, and that differences in @entity6253 availability are associated with the individuals' social relationships and psychosocial well-being. Hum Brain Mapp, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Adult attachment style is associated with cerebral  -opioid receptor availability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Our objective was to examine the usefulness of the Ki67 proliferation index as a prognostic marker in @entity1 with @entity259 ( @entity259 ). It is difficult to predict the prognosis of @entity259 by using conventional prognostic factors. Immunocytochemical analysis of @entity5 proliferation has been used as a prognostic tool in some @entity5 , but only rarely in @entity259 . In all, 71 @entity5 from 36 @entity1 were investigated, by using a semiautomatic image analysis programme. On average 10,000 nuclear profiles were counted per @entity5 , and the percentage of @entity5 cells expressing the proliferation marker, Ki67, was calculated. Primary @entity5 that had metastasised had higher Ki67 indices than primary @entity5 that had not metastasised. Recurrent lymph node @entity3 had higher Ki67 indices than the primary @entity5 . By using a Poisson model, it was possible to estimate the median survival time for individual @entity1 if the Ki67 index for the primary @entity5 and the age at surgery were known. The higher the Ki67 index and the age at operation were, the shorter was the survival. Estimating the median survival of individual @entity1 will be of help for planning the @entity1 ' life and postoperative follow-up and treatment.

title: The Ki67 index a prognostic marker in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: In order to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of the @entity259 listed in adult registries from the Ukraine and Belarus, a histological review was organised of 327 randomly selected @entity259 cases diagnosed between 1980 and 1999. A final diagnosis was reached at a 5-day consensus conference by six pathologists who met around a multiheaded microscope. The study concluded with a comparison between the final diagnosis and the initial diagnosis. The pathologists agreed with the initial diagnosis of @entity5 in 286 cases (88%). A final diagnosis of papillary, follicular or @entity259 was reached in 86, 4, and 6% of the cases respectively. In 2.8% of the cases reviewed, diagnostic discrepancies persisted. The percentage of agreement between the final diagnosis and the initial diagnosis was 93%, with a weighted kappa-statistic of 0.61 (confidence interval 95% (CI(95%)): [0.45-0.77]). In all, 89% of the 286 confirmed @entity5 cases were in agreement for the type of @entity5 , with a kappa-statistic of 0.56 (CI(95%): [0.43-0.69]). The level of agreement differed according to @entity5 categories, with concordance rates of 94, 40 and 33% for papillary, follicular and medullary thyroid @entity189 respectively. The low prevalence of @entity259 in the adult population studied calls for further exploration. The discrepancies and classification difficulties encountered were analysed.

title: Histological validation of diagnoses of XXXX among adults in the registries of Belarus and the Ukraine.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'follicular thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid cancers', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for @entity1582 ( @entity2783 ) produces high hematologic and organ responses. However, treatment-related mortality remains high and reported series are subject to selection bias. In all, 48 of 80 @entity10543 @entity1 referred to our center had @entity2783 in the absence of @entity1582 , 26 of these 48 were deemed transplant candidates and 20 actually underwent @entity8 . Transplant-related mortality has fallen from 50 to 20% since January 1999 due to better @entity1 selection and prophylactic measures. Intent-to-treat organ responses were renal (46%), cardiac (25%) and liver (50%). Organ responses in @entity1 who survived transplantation were renal (75%), cardiac (40%) and liver (100%). The 3-year OS post- @entity8 was 56% with improved outcome predicted by a better performance status (P=0.08), normal ALP (P=0.08), @entity1985 (P=0.01) and the absence of severe @entity551 (P=0.01). The 3-year OS for all referred @entity1 was 44% and this was not significantly better for transplant candidates. @entity1 with significant @entity551 (systolic blood pressure < or =90 mmHg) or poor performance status (ECOG >2) have an exceedingly high treatment-related mortality and should not be transplanted. For those undergoing @entity8 , organ response rates appear promising, but conclusive evidence of improved survival for this select group of @entity1 is still lacking and will require randomized trials.

title: XXXX in @entity1582 : the impact of selection criteria on outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Autologous stem cell transplantation', 'ASCT']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['primary systemic amyloidosis', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Autologous stem cell transplantation']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for @entity1582 ( @entity2783 ) produces high hematologic and organ responses. However, treatment-related mortality remains high and reported series are subject to selection bias. In all, 48 of 80 @entity10543 @entity1 referred to our center had @entity2783 in the absence of @entity1582 , 26 of these 48 were deemed transplant candidates and 20 actually underwent @entity8 . Transplant-related mortality has fallen from 50 to 20% since January 1999 due to better @entity1 selection and prophylactic measures. Intent-to-treat organ responses were renal (46%), cardiac (25%) and liver (50%). Organ responses in @entity1 who survived transplantation were renal (75%), cardiac (40%) and liver (100%). The 3-year OS post- @entity8 was 56% with improved outcome predicted by a better performance status (P=0.08), normal ALP (P=0.08), @entity1985 (P=0.01) and the absence of severe @entity551 (P=0.01). The 3-year OS for all referred @entity1 was 44% and this was not significantly better for transplant candidates. @entity1 with significant @entity551 (systolic blood pressure < or =90 mmHg) or poor performance status (ECOG >2) have an exceedingly high treatment-related mortality and should not be transplanted. For those undergoing @entity8 , organ response rates appear promising, but conclusive evidence of improved survival for this select group of @entity1 is still lacking and will require randomized trials.

title: @entity8 in XXXX : the impact of selection criteria on outcome.

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['primary systemic amyloidosis']


abstract: Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) are used to treat relapsed @entity66 after allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We treated seven @entity1 with DLI for indolent @entity1893 relapsed after @entity8 . In available blood and bone marrow samples, @entity706 cells were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction of t(14;18)-positive cells in @entity706 , and by immunophenotyping in small @entity1072 . Before DLI, three @entity1 were treated with chemo- and/or radiotherapy, and one with rituximab. Evaluable responses to pre-DLI therapy were stable disease in one and partial remission (PR) in two @entity1 . Six @entity1 responded to DLI (complete remission (CR) in four and PR in two). After DLI, @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) occurred in 3/6 @entity1 , classified as grade 2, whereas only limited chronic @entity2132 was seen (n=5). The four continuous CR are lasting for median 65+ (43-89) months. In the remaining @entity1 , not responding to DLI, progressive disease was seen later on; chemotherapy followed by another DLI resulted in CR. In three cases, clinical responses to DLI could be substantiated by molecular or immunophenotypic analysis of @entity706 cells. We conclude that DLI is effective for treatment of @entity706 relapsing after @entity8 .

title: Graft-versus- @entity706 effect of donor lymphocyte infusion in @entity706 relapsed after allogeneic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['haematological diseases']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'indolent lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['stem cell transplantation']


abstract: Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) are used to treat relapsed @entity66 after allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We treated seven @entity1 with DLI for indolent @entity1893 relapsed after @entity8 . In available blood and bone marrow samples, @entity706 cells were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction of t(14;18)-positive cells in @entity706 , and by immunophenotyping in small @entity1072 . Before DLI, three @entity1 were treated with chemo- and/or radiotherapy, and one with rituximab. Evaluable responses to pre-DLI therapy were stable disease in one and partial remission (PR) in two @entity1 . Six @entity1 responded to DLI (complete remission (CR) in four and PR in two). After DLI, @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) occurred in 3/6 @entity1 , classified as grade 2, whereas only limited chronic @entity2132 was seen (n=5). The four continuous CR are lasting for median 65+ (43-89) months. In the remaining @entity1 , not responding to DLI, progressive disease was seen later on; chemotherapy followed by another DLI resulted in CR. In three cases, clinical responses to DLI could be substantiated by molecular or immunophenotypic analysis of @entity706 cells. We conclude that DLI is effective for treatment of @entity706 relapsing after @entity8 .

title: Graft-versus- XXXX effect of donor lymphocyte infusion in @entity706 relapsed after allogeneic @entity8 .

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) are used to treat relapsed @entity66 after allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We treated seven @entity1 with DLI for indolent @entity1893 relapsed after @entity8 . In available blood and bone marrow samples, @entity706 cells were analysed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction of t(14;18)-positive cells in @entity706 , and by immunophenotyping in small @entity1072 . Before DLI, three @entity1 were treated with chemo- and/or radiotherapy, and one with rituximab. Evaluable responses to pre-DLI therapy were stable disease in one and partial remission (PR) in two @entity1 . Six @entity1 responded to DLI (complete remission (CR) in four and PR in two). After DLI, @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) occurred in 3/6 @entity1 , classified as grade 2, whereas only limited chronic @entity2132 was seen (n=5). The four continuous CR are lasting for median 65+ (43-89) months. In the remaining @entity1 , not responding to DLI, progressive disease was seen later on; chemotherapy followed by another DLI resulted in CR. In three cases, clinical responses to DLI could be substantiated by molecular or immunophenotypic analysis of @entity706 cells. We conclude that DLI is effective for treatment of @entity706 relapsing after @entity8 .

title: Graft-versus- @entity706 effect of donor lymphocyte infusion in XXXX relapsed after allogeneic @entity8 .

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['indolent lymphomas']


abstract: In this experimental study, consist of 54 @entity35 , we tried to observe the effectiveness of haemopoietic growth factors such as @entity7420 and @entity7421 in treatment of @entity295 and see if they have any effects on phagocytic activity of macrophages when are administered after establishment of @entity295 . In first phase of this study, twenty one @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups of 7 animals each. Cecal ligation and perforation were carried out in each @entity35 and @entity295 made up. The Control group received 2 x 0.2 cc %5 dextrose injection subcutaneous (s.c.).. The @entity7420 group received 2 x 1 g @entity7420 with 0.2 cc %5 dextrose s.c. The @entity7421 received 1 x 2 g @entity7421 with 0.2 cc %5 dextrose s.c. Seventh day survival was considered as criterion in the three groups. In second phase of this study, thirty three @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups of 11 animals each. The same procedures were carried out also in these groups. Leukocyte counts and peripheric spread were analyzed in postoperative 24th and 72th hours, alveolar and peritoneal macrophages were Investigated in postoperative 72nd hour. There was significantly neutrophilic leukocytosis in the @entity7420 group according to the control group. Nevertheless, there was no change in the phagocytic activity of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. @entity7421 brought about positive effect of phagocytic activity of macrophages without change of leucocyte count in the @entity295 , but it caused neutrophilic, monocytosis and @entity2905 . The seventh day survival rates in control, @entity7420 , @entity7421 groups were as; 42.8%, 71.4%, 28.5% respectively. As a result, we saw that @entity7420 has no effect on the phagocytic activity of macrophages, while increases the survival by enhancing the count and probably the function of neutrophils. @entity7421 fails to increase survival while effects the phagocytic activities of macrophages positively and enhances the peripheral neutrophil and monosit counts without changing the total number of leukocytes.

title: [The effectiveness of hemopoietic growth factors in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to confirm whether @entity50363 and @entity9346 polymorphisms of @entity4050 ( @entity4050 ) were risk factors for @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). METHOD: 109 @entity1020 @entity1 and 165 @entity1020 -free controls were enrolled in the study. The @entity50363 and @entity9346 polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length of polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by the X(2) test to assess the relationship of @entity50363 and @entity9346 polymorphisms with @entity1020 risk. Analysis of haplotype and stratification by age and smoking status was conducted as well. RESULTS: AA genotype and A allele of @entity50363 polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk for @entity1020 (OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.70-8.30; OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.14-2.36). For @entity9346 polymorphism, CT genotype showed strong effects on the occurrence of @entity1020 (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.04-4.27). Moreover, C allele was also a risk factor for @entity1020 (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.02-3.72). The haplotypes analysis suggested that the risk for @entity1129 haplotype carriers was high, compared with GT haplotype (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 2.58-5.94). In addition, we found that smoking status could affect the genotype distribution of @entity9346 polymorphism (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that @entity4050 polymorphisms @entity50363 and @entity9346 might be associated with the susceptibility to @entity1020 in Chinese population.

title: Association of XXXX gene polymorphisms with age-related macular egeneration susceptibility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4050 :: ('3075', 'Gene') :: ['complement factor H', 'CFH']

entities_list: @entity50363 :: ('p|SUB|I|62|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['I62V']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity4050 :: (3075,Gene) :: ['complement factor H']


abstract: Three prospective randomized trials have shown that postexcisional radiation therapy can reduce the relative risk of local recurrence by about 50% in conservatively treated @entity1 with @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ). In an era of evidence-based medicine, how then can one possibly take a stand against the routine use of radiation therapy after local excision? Surprisingly, the rationale is straightforward. In some low-risk @entity3821 @entity1 , the costs may far outweigh the potential benefits. In spite of a relative 50% reduction in the probability of local recurrence, the absolute reduction may only be a few percentage points. In addition, the prospective trials focus on local recurrence as their primary end point because it is, by far, the most common untoward event following conservative treatment. Local recurrence is clearly important, but @entity0 -specific survival is, in fact, an even more important end point, and no trial in @entity1 with @entity3821 has ever shown a survival benefit with the use of radiation. Moreover, radiation therapy is not without financial and physical cost. So, if there is no difference in @entity0 -specific survival regardless of the treatment and in some subgroups the absolute benefit from radiation therapy is extremely small, it seems reasonable to attempt to develop a system to select @entity1 with @entity3821 who could be safely treated in the least aggressive way. The University of Southern California/Van Nuys Prognostic Index (USC/VNPI) uses five independent predictors of local recurrence to do exactly that. The combination of @entity5 size, margin width, nuclear grade, age, and the presence or absence of comedonecrosis can be used to identify subgroups of @entity1 with an extremely low probability of developing a local recurrence after excision alone. When accurate measurements of @entity5 size cannot be made, margin width can be used as a surrogate parameter for the USC/VNPI. New oncoplastic techniques that allow more extensive excisions can be used to achieve both acceptable cosmesis and widely clear margins, helping to alleviate the need for radiation therapy in many cases.

title: An argument against routine use of radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity3821 :: (MESH:D002285,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate direct medical costs of managing major @entity532 in @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: Costs were estimated for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity385 by applying unit costs to typical resource use profiles. Data were obtained from many Canadian sources, including the Ontario Case Cost Project, provincial physician and laboratory fee schedules, provincial formularies, government reports, and peer-reviewed literature. For each complication, the event costs per @entity1 are those associated with resource use specific to the acute episode and any subsequent care occurring in the first year. State costs are the annual costs per @entity1 of continued management. All costs are expressed in 1996 Canadian dollars. RESULTS: Acute hospital care accounts for approximately half of the first year management costs ( 15,125) of @entity583 . Given the greater need for postacute care, acute hospital care has less impact (28%) on event costs for @entity64 ( 31,076). The state costs for @entity583 and @entity64 are  1544 and  8141 per @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Macrovascular complications of @entity6 potentially represent a substantial burden to @entity3394 's health care system. As new therapies emerge that may reduce the incidence of some @entity2412 , decision makers will need information to make critical decisions regarding how to spend limited health care dollars. Published literature lacks Canadian-specific cost estimates that may be readily translated into @entity1 -level cost inputs for an economic model. This paper provides two key pieces of the many needed to understand the scope of the economic burden of @entity6 and its complications for @entity3394 .

title: @entity6 in @entity3394 : direct medical costs of major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['macrovascular complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate direct medical costs of managing major @entity532 in @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: Costs were estimated for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity385 by applying unit costs to typical resource use profiles. Data were obtained from many Canadian sources, including the Ontario Case Cost Project, provincial physician and laboratory fee schedules, provincial formularies, government reports, and peer-reviewed literature. For each complication, the event costs per @entity1 are those associated with resource use specific to the acute episode and any subsequent care occurring in the first year. State costs are the annual costs per @entity1 of continued management. All costs are expressed in 1996 Canadian dollars. RESULTS: Acute hospital care accounts for approximately half of the first year management costs ( 15,125) of @entity583 . Given the greater need for postacute care, acute hospital care has less impact (28%) on event costs for @entity64 ( 31,076). The state costs for @entity583 and @entity64 are  1544 and  8141 per @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Macrovascular complications of @entity6 potentially represent a substantial burden to @entity3394 's health care system. As new therapies emerge that may reduce the incidence of some @entity2412 , decision makers will need information to make critical decisions regarding how to spend limited health care dollars. Published literature lacks Canadian-specific cost estimates that may be readily translated into @entity1 -level cost inputs for an economic model. This paper provides two key pieces of the many needed to understand the scope of the economic burden of @entity6 and its complications for @entity3394 .

title: XXXX in @entity3394 : direct medical costs of major @entity532 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate direct medical costs of managing major @entity532 in @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: Costs were estimated for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity385 by applying unit costs to typical resource use profiles. Data were obtained from many Canadian sources, including the Ontario Case Cost Project, provincial physician and laboratory fee schedules, provincial formularies, government reports, and peer-reviewed literature. For each complication, the event costs per @entity1 are those associated with resource use specific to the acute episode and any subsequent care occurring in the first year. State costs are the annual costs per @entity1 of continued management. All costs are expressed in 1996 Canadian dollars. RESULTS: Acute hospital care accounts for approximately half of the first year management costs ( 15,125) of @entity583 . Given the greater need for postacute care, acute hospital care has less impact (28%) on event costs for @entity64 ( 31,076). The state costs for @entity583 and @entity64 are  1544 and  8141 per @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Macrovascular complications of @entity6 potentially represent a substantial burden to @entity3394 's health care system. As new therapies emerge that may reduce the incidence of some @entity2412 , decision makers will need information to make critical decisions regarding how to spend limited health care dollars. Published literature lacks Canadian-specific cost estimates that may be readily translated into @entity1 -level cost inputs for an economic model. This paper provides two key pieces of the many needed to understand the scope of the economic burden of @entity6 and its complications for @entity3394 .

title: @entity6 in XXXX : direct medical costs of major @entity532 .

answer: @entity3394 :: (MESH:D044483,Disease) :: ['Canada']


abstract: @entity418 incidence is reported in high frequency in northeast India. The etiology is different from other population at India due to wide variations in dietary habits or nutritional factors, @entity286 /betel quid chewing and @entity285 habits. Since DNA methylation, histone modification and miRNA-mediated epigenetic processes alter the gene expression, the involvement of these processes might be useful to find out epigenetic markers of @entity418 risk in northeast Indian population. The present investigation was aimed to carryout differential expression profiling of chromatin modification enzymes in @entity5 and normal tissue collected from @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) @entity1 . Differential mRNA expression profiling and their validation was done by quantitative real time PCR and tissue microarray respectively. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the epidemiological data. mRNA expression data was analyzed by Student t-test. Fisher exact test was used for tissue microarray data analysis. Higher expression of enzymes regulating methylation ( @entity41845 and @entity32656 ) and acetylation ( @entity70647 , @entity2991 , @entity27563 and @entity18097 ) of histone was found associated with @entity1721 risk. Tissue microarray done in independent cohort of 75 @entity1 revealed higher nuclear protein expression of @entity2991 and @entity32656 in @entity5 similar to mRNA expression. Expression status of @entity32656 and @entity2991 was found declined as we move from low grade to high grade @entity5 . Betel nut chewing, @entity285 drinking and dried fish intake were significantly associated with increased risk of @entity418 among the study subject. Study suggests the association of @entity32656 and @entity2991 with @entity418 risk and its involvement in the transition process of low to high grade @entity5 formation. The study exposes the differential status of chromatin modification enzymes between @entity5 and normal tissue and points out that relaxed state of chromatin facilitates more transcriptionally active genome in esophageal carcinogenesis.

title: Status of epigenetic chromatin modification enzymes and XXXX risk in northeast Indian population.

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of reagent strips in the evaluation of pleocytosis, cerebrospinal fluid @entity413 and protein levels for early and rapid diagnosis of @entity693 in @entity1 . METHODS: We included cerebrospinal fluid samples of 164 @entity1 admitted to the outpatient clinic of Communicable Diseases of the General Pediatric Center (Funda    o Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, CGP-FHEMIG) during the daytime hours from May of 1997 to May 1999, and who presented with clinical suspicion of @entity693 . @entity1 ranged in age from one month to 12 years (median 12 months). Results from the cytological and biochemical assay (cellularity, cerebrospinal fluid @entity413 and protein levels) were obtained from 154 @entity1 . These results were subsequently compared with the reaction of cerebrospinal fluid in reagent strips. RESULTS: The cytological and biochemical assay identified 43 cases of probable @entity4008 , 19 of probable @entity1393 , and 83 with no alterations. According to the reagent strips, there were 41 cases of probable @entity4008 , 2 of probable @entity1393 , and 71 with no alterations. By comparing the results of reagent strips and those of the cytological and biochemical assay, we obtained values for sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy (respectively 90.7; 98.1; 95.1; 96.4; and 96.1). Statistical analysis using McNemer test did not indicate significant differences between the two methods in the diagnosis of @entity4008 (P=0.68). Kappa statistics indicated a high level of agreement between the tests (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that reagent strips may be a useful additional resource in the diagnosis of @entity4008 , especially when it is difficult to collect a sufficient amount of cerebrospinal fluid or to indicate the initial treatment.

title: [Diagnosis of XXXX with reagent strips]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1393 :: ('MESH:D008587', 'Disease') :: ['viral meningitis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency, the clinical features and laboratory exams of @entity1 with musculoskeletal symptoms at the onset of @entity3052 . METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive study including @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3052 , and treated at the Institute of Pediatric Oncology of UNIFESP, carried out from November 1999 to February 2000. The data on musculoskeletal complaints were obtained from a questionnaire. The medical records were revised in order to get data on the clinical examination and laboratory tests at the beginning of the illness. RESULTS: Sixty-one @entity1 were included in this trial, 93% with @entity981 , and 7% with @entity3052 . Thirty-eight @entity1 (62%) had @entity4512 at the onset. @entity625 was observed in eight @entity1 . The mean number of involved joints was 2.5 (1-6). The most frequently involved joints were the knees, ankles and elbows. Three @entity1 (4.9%) had normal blood count. Low hemoglobin was reported in 54 @entity1 (88%) (in six @entity1 it was the only @entity1503 ), @entity1431 in 14 (22%), @entity491 in 26 (42%) and low platelet count in 46 (75%). CONCLUSIONS: The musculoskeletal symptoms are common at the onset of @entity3052 so, @entity5 should always be ruled out in @entity1 presenting chronic or acute @entity625 or @entity158 . The laboratory tests may be normal at the onset of the illness, making differential diagnosis more difficult.

title: [Musculoskeletal manifestations as the onset of XXXX in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['benign limb pain']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemias']


abstract: PURPOSE: Studies have consistently shown an association between physical activity and increased health and well-being after a @entity5 diagnosis. Nevertheless, large proportions of @entity0 survivors do not meet recommended levels of physical activity. The aim of this study was to describe physical activity levels during the first two years after being diagnosed with @entity0 , and to explore the predictive ability of physical inactivity on longer-term self-rated health, physical symptoms, and @entity458 . METHOD: Study @entity1 were @entity1 recently having had a first @entity0 surgery at one of the three main hospitals in Stockholm between 2007 and 2009. A total of 726 @entity1 were included and responded to six questionnaire assessments during the 24 months following diagnosis. RESULTS: Less than one third of the @entity1 were sufficiently physically active at baseline. Physical activity decreased after surgery, increased at 8 month follow-up, and subsequently decreased slightly during the subsequent follow-up period. Physical inactivity was related to reduced health, increased symptoms such as @entity158 , @entity308 , and @entity148 . CONCLUSION: This study provides additional support for the beneficial consequences of being physically active after a @entity0 diagnosis and highlights a potential target for intervention. This study provides additional support showing that being physically active even at a very low level seems to result in health benefits. Physical activity should be encouraged among @entity1 treated for @entity0 .

title: Physical activity following a XXXX diagnosis: Implications for self-rated health and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Studies have consistently shown an association between physical activity and increased health and well-being after a @entity5 diagnosis. Nevertheless, large proportions of @entity0 survivors do not meet recommended levels of physical activity. The aim of this study was to describe physical activity levels during the first two years after being diagnosed with @entity0 , and to explore the predictive ability of physical inactivity on longer-term self-rated health, physical symptoms, and @entity458 . METHOD: Study @entity1 were @entity1 recently having had a first @entity0 surgery at one of the three main hospitals in Stockholm between 2007 and 2009. A total of 726 @entity1 were included and responded to six questionnaire assessments during the 24 months following diagnosis. RESULTS: Less than one third of the @entity1 were sufficiently physically active at baseline. Physical activity decreased after surgery, increased at 8 month follow-up, and subsequently decreased slightly during the subsequent follow-up period. Physical inactivity was related to reduced health, increased symptoms such as @entity158 , @entity308 , and @entity148 . CONCLUSION: This study provides additional support for the beneficial consequences of being physically active after a @entity0 diagnosis and highlights a potential target for intervention. This study provides additional support showing that being physically active even at a very low level seems to result in health benefits. Physical activity should be encouraged among @entity1 treated for @entity0 .

title: Physical activity following a @entity0 diagnosis: Implications for self-rated health and XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-related symptoms']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity740 is a growing public health problem. Screening for early identification could improve health but could also lead to unnecessary harms and excess costs. OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of periodic, population-based dipstick screening for early detection of urine protein in adults with neither @entity101 nor @entity6 and in adults with @entity101 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND POPULATION: Cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov decision analytic model to compare a strategy of annual screening with no screening (usual care) for @entity644 at age 50 years followed by treatment with an @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor or an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (ARB). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). RESULTS: For @entity1 with neither @entity101 nor @entity6 , the cost-effectiveness ratio for screening vs no screening (usual care) was unfavorable (282 818 dollars per QALY; incremental cost of 616 dollars and a gain of 0.0022 QALYs per @entity1 ). However, screening such @entity1 beginning at age 60 years yielded a more favorable ratio (53 372 dollars per QALY). For @entity1 with @entity101 , the ratio was highly favorable (18 621 dollars per QALY; incremental cost of 476 dollars and a gain of 0.03 QALYs per @entity1 ). Cost-effectiveness was mediated by both @entity740 progression and @entity204 prevention benefits of @entity1289 inhibitor and ARB therapy. Influential parameters that might make screening for the general population more cost-effective include a greater incidence of @entity644 , age at screening (53 372 dollars per QALY for @entity1 beginning screening at age 60 years), or lower frequency of screening (every 10 years: 80 700 dollars per QALY at age 50 years; 6195 dollars per QALY at age 60 years; and 5486 dollars per QALY at age 70 years). CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of urine protein to slow progression of @entity740 and decrease mortality is not cost-effective unless selectively directed toward high-risk groups (older @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity101 ) or conducted at an infrequent interval of 10 years.

title: Screening for XXXX in US adults: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a @entity66 with a possible underlying pathology of immune-mediated @entity1333 . Genetic susceptibility associated with @entity1530 *51 and B*2702 has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Considering the recently defined regulatory mechanisms of NK cells through HLA class I binding receptors, we hypothesized that interactions of NK and T cells through the NK receptors may be important in the pathogenesis of @entity195 . METHODS: The impact of different expression patterns of HLA-recognizing receptors on NK or T cells was analysed in 51 @entity1 with @entity195 and 32 healthy controls. We used flow cytometry to investigate the expression of @entity16435 from the polymorphic killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ( @entity16435 ) family, which binds a shared HLA-Bw4 motif on HLA-B51 and *2702 alleles, and @entity9706 from the conserved C-type lectin receptor family, which binds @entity3998 . Thirty-three of the @entity195 @entity1 and 19 of the controls carried the same HLA-Bw4 motif. RESULTS: CD3(+) T cells were increased in @entity1 with @entity195 compared with controls (81 vs 75%, P = 0.001), whereas the NK cells did not show any difference between the two groups. Increased expression of @entity9706 in @entity195 was observed on @entity4071 (+) @entity2940 (+) cells (66 vs 57, P = 0.04) and on CD3(+) (7.7 vs 4.0, P < 0.001) and CD3(+) @entity2940 (+) (44 vs 35, P = 0.02) T cells. @entity16435 expression on the NK and T cells was not statistically different between the two groups. No effect of @entity43613 motif was observed on the expression of @entity9706 and @entity16435 in both the @entity1 and the controls. CONCLUSION: The absence of a correlation between @entity16435 expression and HLA-Bw4 motif confirms previous work reporting that the expression of these molecules is regulated separately. Increased expression of @entity9706 may suggest that NK receptors play a pathogenic or regulatory role in @entity195 .

title: Expression of XXXX and C-type lectin receptors in Behcet's disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

answer: @entity16435 :: (3811,Gene) :: ['KIR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In evolving @entity583 , assessment of the sum of early resolution of ST-segment elevation (sumSTR) has become an established method to predict outcome. We have found previously that mortality is predicted more accurately by the existing ST-segment deviation in the single electrocardiograph (ECG) lead with maximum deviation (maxSTE) 90 min after start of thrombolysis. This report compares the power to predict medium-term mortality by these two approaches. METHODS: An ST-segment resolution substudy was done in conjunction with the Intravenous nPA for Treatment of Infarcting Myocardium Early (InTIME) II Study, which compared mortality in @entity1 with acute @entity583 randomly assigned lanoteplase or alteplase. In 2719 @entity1 , a 12-lead ECG was assessed at baseline and 90 min after the start of thrombolytic therapy. FINDINGS: MaxSTE achieved a better combination of sensitivities and specificities for mortality prediction than sumSTR. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for 180-day mortality prediction was 0.680 for maxSTE and 0.622 for sumSTR (difference 0.058; 95% CI 0.027-0.088). Risk groups categorised at low, medium, or high risk by maxSTE comprised 43%, 32%, and 24% of @entity1 and those by complete, partial, or no sumSTR comprised 40%, 36%, and 24% of all @entity1 . The 180-day mortality rates for the three maxSTE risk groups were 3.1%, 7.1%, and 16.2%, and those for the sumSTR groups were 4.8%, 8.1%, and 11.7%. The 12-month Kaplan-Meier estimates were 4.1%, 8.8%, and 18.6%, and 5.9%, 9.9%, and 13.7%, respectively. INTERPRETATION: MaxSTE predicts early and medium-term mortality more accurately than does sumSTR. The prognosis for an individual @entity1 can be accurately estimated simply by the ST-segment deviation present in one ECG lead recorded 90 min after thrombolysis.

title: Extent of ST-segment deviation in a single electrocardiogram lead 90 min after thrombolysis as a predictor of medium-term mortality in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the IgG antibody response against P. vivax (IgG anti-PV), and cytophilic (IgG1 and @entity3172 ) and noncytophilic (IgG2) IgG subclasses in 34 @entity1 aged 0 to 15 years old infected with @entity3965 @entity311 . METHODS: IgG levels were determined by indirect fluorescent antibody technique during the acute and therapeutic control phase. @entity1 were distributed into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of a previous @entity311 episode. IgG anti-PV levels were measured on the first and last day of treatment, and compared by Studentacute;s t test. Antibody levels were correlated with @entity5895 (Spearma  s correlation test). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Increased IgG levels were observed on the first and on the last day of treatment. The geometric means for IgG subclass titers found in @entity1 with previous history of @entity311 were: IgG1 (806.35) > @entity3172 (28.28) > IgG2 (20). In @entity1 infected for the first time, the responses obtained were: IgG1 (709.21) > @entity3172 (39.3) > IgG2 (10.7). There was no association between @entity5895 and antibody levels on the first day of treatment. Cytophilic antibodies (IgG1, @entity3172 ) predominated over noncytophilic antibodies (IgG2).

title: [IgG antibody response against @entity3965 in @entity1 exposed to XXXX , before and after specific treatment]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['asexual parasitemia']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the IgG antibody response against P. vivax (IgG anti-PV), and cytophilic (IgG1 and @entity3172 ) and noncytophilic (IgG2) IgG subclasses in 34 @entity1 aged 0 to 15 years old infected with @entity3965 @entity311 . METHODS: IgG levels were determined by indirect fluorescent antibody technique during the acute and therapeutic control phase. @entity1 were distributed into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of a previous @entity311 episode. IgG anti-PV levels were measured on the first and last day of treatment, and compared by Studentacute;s t test. Antibody levels were correlated with @entity5895 (Spearma  s correlation test). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Increased IgG levels were observed on the first and on the last day of treatment. The geometric means for IgG subclass titers found in @entity1 with previous history of @entity311 were: IgG1 (806.35) > @entity3172 (28.28) > IgG2 (20). In @entity1 infected for the first time, the responses obtained were: IgG1 (709.21) > @entity3172 (39.3) > IgG2 (10.7). There was no association between @entity5895 and antibody levels on the first day of treatment. Cytophilic antibodies (IgG1, @entity3172 ) predominated over noncytophilic antibodies (IgG2).

title: [IgG antibody response against XXXX in @entity1 exposed to @entity311 , before and after specific treatment]

answer: @entity3965 :: (5855,Species) :: ['Plasmodium vivax']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the IgG antibody response against P. vivax (IgG anti-PV), and cytophilic (IgG1 and @entity3172 ) and noncytophilic (IgG2) IgG subclasses in 34 @entity1 aged 0 to 15 years old infected with @entity3965 @entity311 . METHODS: IgG levels were determined by indirect fluorescent antibody technique during the acute and therapeutic control phase. @entity1 were distributed into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of a previous @entity311 episode. IgG anti-PV levels were measured on the first and last day of treatment, and compared by Studentacute;s t test. Antibody levels were correlated with @entity5895 (Spearma  s correlation test). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Increased IgG levels were observed on the first and on the last day of treatment. The geometric means for IgG subclass titers found in @entity1 with previous history of @entity311 were: IgG1 (806.35) > @entity3172 (28.28) > IgG2 (20). In @entity1 infected for the first time, the responses obtained were: IgG1 (709.21) > @entity3172 (39.3) > IgG2 (10.7). There was no association between @entity5895 and antibody levels on the first day of treatment. Cytophilic antibodies (IgG1, @entity3172 ) predominated over noncytophilic antibodies (IgG2).

title: [IgG antibody response against @entity3965 in XXXX exposed to @entity311 , before and after specific treatment]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this retrospective analysis, survival time, local recurrence and rate of @entity3 were appraised in @entity1 with primary @entity1821 depending upon the applied primary and adjuvant therapy procedures. Furthermore, we compared the representativity of histological results of the biopsy with the final histology of the resected @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between 1990 and 1998, 27 @entity1 were surgically treated who suffered from a primary @entity1821 . At the mean follow-up time of 62.4 months (39-141 months) postoperative survival rate, rate of @entity3 and local recurrence were determined. The results were analysed with regard to intraoperative resection distance, @entity5 size and localisation as well as histological classification of previous biopsy and finally resected @entity5 . The influence of radiotherapy on the results was also determined. RESULTS: In 5 @entity1 (18.5%) the amputation and in 22 cases (81.5%) the limb sparing resection of the @entity1821 was performed. 6 @entity1 underwent a marginal resection and one @entity1 an intralesional resection. At follow-up we observed a local recurrence rate of 22.2% (n = 6) and a survival rate of 74.1%. 18.5% of the @entity1 had @entity3 . After adjuvant radiotherapy three @entity1 (50%) showed local recurrence after marginal resection. In only 8 cases (29.6%) the results of primary biopsy and final @entity5 classification (entity, subtype and grading) were identical. CONCLUSION: The development of @entity3 (often pulmonary) and local recurrences even after long @entity5 -free interval makes adequate follow-up investigations mandatory in @entity1821 @entity1 . With regard to the problems in assessing @entity1821 biopsies, MRI-orientated biopsies from several @entity5 areas via one biopsy approach are recommended.

title: [Midterm results after treatment of XXXX in the extremities].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma', 'liposarcoma of the extremities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['liposarcoma']


abstract: Fusobacterium necrophorum, an anaerobic, gram-negative rod, belongs to the physiological flora of the oropharynx. It causes @entity21204 characterized by oropharyngeal infection, septic @entity2268 of the neck, in particular of the internal jugular vein, and metastatic abscesses, predominantly in the lungs. Rarely, and mainly in @entity1 , it causes @entity693 . Here we report the clinical course of a 25-year-old @entity1 with F. @entity693 . She presented with @entity2895 . Within a few days, she developed @entity221 , @entity693 and progressive @entity2844 . Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed typical signs of @entity4008 . After the identification of F. necrophorum, the antibiotic treatment was changed to meropenem, which led to continuous improvement of the clinical symptoms. Due to persistent signs of @entity32 in the CSF, @entity868 was added to the antibiotic regime. This case report demonstrates that F. necrophorum should always be considered in the diagnostic workup of @entity4008 in adults.

title: [ XXXX as a complication of Fusobacterium necroforum infection in adults].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity2844 :: ('MESH:D000405', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of vigilance']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete, right third nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningism', 'necrophorum meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity21204 :: ('MESH:D057831', 'Disease') :: ["Lemierre's syndrome"]

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['Bacterial meningitis']


abstract: @entity12945 ( @entity12945 ) quantification and analysis has been successfully applied to functional imaging studies of @entity302 in adults. The present study evaluated whether localisation of the epileptogenic zone (determined by @entity12945 ) improves upon visually examined single-photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging in presurgical assessment of @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) and @entity4940 ( @entity4940 ). The @entity1 sample consisted of 24 @entity1 (15 males) aged 2.1-17.8 years (9.8+/-4.3 years; mean+/-SD) with intractable @entity1315 or @entity4940 . SPET imaging was acquired routinely in presurgical evaluation. All @entity1 images were transformed into the standard stereotactic space of the adult @entity12945 SPET template prior to @entity12945 statistical analysis. Individual @entity1 images were contrasted with an adult control group of 22 healthy adult females. Resultant statistical parametric maps were rendered over the @entity12945 canonical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two corresponding sets of ictal and interictal @entity12945 and SPET images were then generated for each @entity1 . Experienced clinicians independently reviewed the image sets, blinded to clinical details. Concordance of the reports between @entity12945 and SPET images, syndrome classification and MRI abnormality was studied. A fair level of inter-rater reliability (kappa=0.73) was evident for @entity12945 localisation. @entity12945 was concordant with SPET in 71% of all @entity1 , the majority of the discordance being from the @entity4940 group. @entity12945 and SPET localisation were concordant with @entity302 in 80% of the @entity1315 cases. Concordant localisation to syndrome was worse for both @entity12945 (33%) and SPET (44%) in the @entity4940 group. Data from a small sample of @entity1 with varied focal structural pathologies suggested that @entity12945 performed poorly relative to SPET in these cases. Concordance of @entity12945 and SPET with syndrome was lower in @entity1 younger than 6 years than in those aged 6 years and above. @entity12945 is effective in localising the potential epileptogenic zone but does not provide additional benefit beyond SPET in presurgical assessment of @entity1 with intractable @entity302 . The impact of different pathologies on the efficacy of @entity12945 warrants further study.

title: Application of statistical parametric mapping to SPET in the assessment of intractable childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy syndrome', 'epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy syndromes']

entities_list: @entity12945 :: ('MESH:D010249', 'Disease') :: ['SPM', 'Statistical parametric mapping']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['FLE', 'frontal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Back @entity158 is a common disabling chronic condition that burdens individuals, families and societies. Epidemiological evidence, mainly from high-income countries, shows positive association between @entity615 prevalence and older age. There is an urgent need for accurate epidemiological data on @entity615 in adult populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where populations are ageing rapidly. The objectives of this study are to: measure the prevalence of @entity615 ; identify risk factors and determinants associated with @entity615 , and describe association between @entity615 and disability in adults aged 50 years and older, in six LMICs from different regions of the world. The findings provide insights into country-level differences in self-reported @entity615 and disability in a group of socially, culturally, economically and geographically diverse LMICs. METHODS: Standardized national survey data collected from adults (50 years and older) participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health ( @entity12337 ) were analysed. The weighted sample (n = 30, 146) comprised respondents in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, South Africa and the Russian Federation. Multivariable regressions describe factors associated with @entity615 prevalence and intensity, and @entity615 as a determinant of disability. RESULTS: Prevalence was highest in the Russian Federation (56%) and lowest in China (22%). In the pooled multi-country analyses, female sex, lower education, lower wealth and multiple chronic morbidities were significant in association with @entity615 (p<0.01). About 8% of respondents reported that they experienced intense @entity615 in the previous month. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence on @entity615 and its impact on disability is needed in developing countries so that governments can invest in cost-effective education and rehabilitation to reduce the growing social and economic burden imposed by this disabling condition.

title: Risk Factors and Disability Associated with Low Back XXXX in Older Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Results from the WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health ( @entity12337 ).

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['past-month back pain', 'back pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Back @entity158 is a common disabling chronic condition that burdens individuals, families and societies. Epidemiological evidence, mainly from high-income countries, shows positive association between @entity615 prevalence and older age. There is an urgent need for accurate epidemiological data on @entity615 in adult populations in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where populations are ageing rapidly. The objectives of this study are to: measure the prevalence of @entity615 ; identify risk factors and determinants associated with @entity615 , and describe association between @entity615 and disability in adults aged 50 years and older, in six LMICs from different regions of the world. The findings provide insights into country-level differences in self-reported @entity615 and disability in a group of socially, culturally, economically and geographically diverse LMICs. METHODS: Standardized national survey data collected from adults (50 years and older) participating in the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health ( @entity12337 ) were analysed. The weighted sample (n = 30, 146) comprised respondents in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, South Africa and the Russian Federation. Multivariable regressions describe factors associated with @entity615 prevalence and intensity, and @entity615 as a determinant of disability. RESULTS: Prevalence was highest in the Russian Federation (56%) and lowest in China (22%). In the pooled multi-country analyses, female sex, lower education, lower wealth and multiple chronic morbidities were significant in association with @entity615 (p<0.01). About 8% of respondents reported that they experienced intense @entity615 in the previous month. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence on @entity615 and its impact on disability is needed in developing countries so that governments can invest in cost-effective education and rehabilitation to reduce the growing social and economic burden imposed by this disabling condition.

title: Risk Factors and Disability Associated with Low Back @entity158 in Older Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Results from the WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity12337 :: (55511,Gene) :: ['SAGE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute lower @entity1729 (ALRI) are a leading cause of @entity204 among African @entity1 under five. A significant proportion of these are attributable to household air pollution from solid fuel use. METHODS: We assessed the relationship between cooking practices and ALRI in pooled datasets of Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2000 and 2011 in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The impacts of main cooking fuel, cooking location and stove ventilation were examined in 18 (n = 56,437), 9 (n = 23,139) and 6 countries (n = 14,561) respectively. We used a causal diagram and multivariable logistic mixed models to assess the influence of covariates at individual, regional and national levels. RESULTS: Main cooking fuel had a statistically significant impact on ALRI risk (p<0.0001), with season acting as an effect modifier (p = 0.034). During the rainy season, relative to clean fuels, the odds of suffering from ALRI were raised for @entity15788 ( @entity20864 ; CI: 0.99, 2.71), coal and charcoal ( @entity20797 ; CI: 1.21, 1.97), wood (OR 1.20; CI: 0.95, 1.51) and lower-grade biomass fuels (OR 1.49; CI: 0.93, 2.35). In contrast, during the dry season the corresponding odds were reduced for @entity15788 ( @entity48491 ; CI: 0.77, 1.95), coal and charcoal ( @entity26853 ; CI: 1.06, 1.72) and lower-grade biomass fuels (OR 1.07; CI: 0.69, 1.66) but increased for wood ( @entity15878 ; CI: 1.04, 1.66). Cooking location also emerged as a season-dependent statistically significant (p = 0.0070) determinant of ALRI, in particular cooking indoors without a separate kitchen during the rainy season (OR 1.80; CI: 1.30, 2.50). Due to infrequent use in Africa we could, however, not demonstrate an effect of stove ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: We found differential and season-dependent risks for different types of solid fuels and @entity15788 as well as cooking location on @entity1 ALRI. Future household air pollution studies should consider potential effect modification of cooking fuel by season.

title: Cooking and Season as Risk Factors for Acute Lower XXXX in African @entity1 : A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute lower @entity1729 (ALRI) are a leading cause of @entity204 among African @entity1 under five. A significant proportion of these are attributable to household air pollution from solid fuel use. METHODS: We assessed the relationship between cooking practices and ALRI in pooled datasets of Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2000 and 2011 in countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The impacts of main cooking fuel, cooking location and stove ventilation were examined in 18 (n = 56,437), 9 (n = 23,139) and 6 countries (n = 14,561) respectively. We used a causal diagram and multivariable logistic mixed models to assess the influence of covariates at individual, regional and national levels. RESULTS: Main cooking fuel had a statistically significant impact on ALRI risk (p<0.0001), with season acting as an effect modifier (p = 0.034). During the rainy season, relative to clean fuels, the odds of suffering from ALRI were raised for @entity15788 ( @entity20864 ; CI: 0.99, 2.71), coal and charcoal ( @entity20797 ; CI: 1.21, 1.97), wood (OR 1.20; CI: 0.95, 1.51) and lower-grade biomass fuels (OR 1.49; CI: 0.93, 2.35). In contrast, during the dry season the corresponding odds were reduced for @entity15788 ( @entity48491 ; CI: 0.77, 1.95), coal and charcoal ( @entity26853 ; CI: 1.06, 1.72) and lower-grade biomass fuels (OR 1.07; CI: 0.69, 1.66) but increased for wood ( @entity15878 ; CI: 1.04, 1.66). Cooking location also emerged as a season-dependent statistically significant (p = 0.0070) determinant of ALRI, in particular cooking indoors without a separate kitchen during the rainy season (OR 1.80; CI: 1.30, 2.50). Due to infrequent use in Africa we could, however, not demonstrate an effect of stove ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: We found differential and season-dependent risks for different types of solid fuels and @entity15788 as well as cooking location on @entity1 ALRI. Future household air pollution studies should consider potential effect modification of cooking fuel by season.

title: Cooking and Season as Risk Factors for Acute Lower @entity1729 in African XXXX : A Cross-Sectional Multi-Country Analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Prior studies have shown that the surgical resection rate for black @entity1 with @entity5 is significantly lower than that of white @entity1 , which may partially explain the worse outcomes observed in this group. Over the past decade, however, there has been increasing utilization of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) as an alternative to surgical resection for inoperable @entity1 . We undertook a population-based study to evaluate potential racial disparities in the use of SBRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the National @entity5 Database, black and white @entity1 with Stage I NSCLC between 2003 and 2011 were identified. @entity1 were categorized based on primary treatment modality. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to identify demographic predictors of SBRT utilization in the non-operative population. RESULTS: A total of 113,312 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. When compared to white @entity1 , black @entity1 were less likely to receive surgical intervention (66% vs. 58%, P<0.001) or SBRT (6.1% vs. 5.5%, P<0.001), and more likely to receive standard fractionated external beam radiation (EBRT) or no treatment. When confined to the non-operative cohort, multivariable logistic regression confirmed black race to be negatively associated with SBRT use compared to less aggressive therapy. CONCLUSION: In this national dataset, we confirmed prior observations that black @entity1 are less likely to receive surgery than white @entity1 , and also found that black @entity1 are less likely to receive SBRT. This suggests that even with emerging utilization of SBRT for inoperable candidates, black @entity1 continue to receive less aggressive therapy.

title: Racial disparities in the use of SBRT for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'early-stage lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the effect of @entity3505 @entity12360 ( @entity12360 ) inclusion, and (2) dietary feed enzyme (FE; Econase XT) supplementation in a finishing diet containing @entity3505 @entity12360 on @entity844 profile of the pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle of beef @entity291 . A total of 160 crossbred yearling steers with initial BW of 495  38 kg were blocked by BW and randomized into 16 pens (10 head/pen). The pens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: (1) control (CON; 10% @entity2247 silage and 90% @entity2247 grain-based concentrate, @entity62 ( @entity62 ) basis); (2) diet containing 30% @entity3505 @entity12360 in place of @entity2247 grain without FE (WDG); (3) WDG diet supplemented with low FE (WDGL; 1 ml FE/kg @entity62 ); and (4) WDG diet supplemented with high FE (2 ml FE/kg @entity62 ). The pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle samples were collected from @entity291 at slaughter at the end of the finishing period (120 days) with a targeted live weight of 650 kg. No differences in organic matter intake, final BW and average daily gain were observed among treatments. However, steers fed WDG had greater (P<0.01) feed conversion ratio than those fed CON, and increasing FE application in @entity3505 @entity12360 -based diets tended (P<0.10) to linearly decrease feed conversion ratio. In assessing the effects of including WDG diets without FE, concentration of total @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) in muscle tended to be greater (P<0.10) for steers fed WDG than steers fed CON. In addition, inclusion of @entity3505 @entity12360 into the diet increased (P<0.05) concentration of CLA and @entity26416 (VA) in muscle and also resulted in a higher (P<0.05) ratio of n-6/n-3 @entity5204 compared with that from steers fed CON diet. Increasing FE application in @entity3505 @entity12360 -based diets did not modify the concentrations of individual or total @entity1718 . These results suggest that inclusion of @entity3505 @entity12360 in finishing diets may improve @entity844 profile of beef muscle which could benefit @entity1 health.

title: Effect of @entity3505 dried distillers grains and enzyme supplementation on growth rates, feed conversion ratio and beef XXXX profile in feedlot steers.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity12360 :: ('MESH:C565532', 'Disease') :: ['dried distillers grain with solubles', 'DDGS']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

entities_list: @entity26416 :: ('MESH:C050413', 'Chemical') :: ['vaccenic acid']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the effect of @entity3505 @entity12360 ( @entity12360 ) inclusion, and (2) dietary feed enzyme (FE; Econase XT) supplementation in a finishing diet containing @entity3505 @entity12360 on @entity844 profile of the pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle of beef @entity291 . A total of 160 crossbred yearling steers with initial BW of 495  38 kg were blocked by BW and randomized into 16 pens (10 head/pen). The pens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments: (1) control (CON; 10% @entity2247 silage and 90% @entity2247 grain-based concentrate, @entity62 ( @entity62 ) basis); (2) diet containing 30% @entity3505 @entity12360 in place of @entity2247 grain without FE (WDG); (3) WDG diet supplemented with low FE (WDGL; 1 ml FE/kg @entity62 ); and (4) WDG diet supplemented with high FE (2 ml FE/kg @entity62 ). The pars costalis diaphragmatis muscle samples were collected from @entity291 at slaughter at the end of the finishing period (120 days) with a targeted live weight of 650 kg. No differences in organic matter intake, final BW and average daily gain were observed among treatments. However, steers fed WDG had greater (P<0.01) feed conversion ratio than those fed CON, and increasing FE application in @entity3505 @entity12360 -based diets tended (P<0.10) to linearly decrease feed conversion ratio. In assessing the effects of including WDG diets without FE, concentration of total @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) in muscle tended to be greater (P<0.10) for steers fed WDG than steers fed CON. In addition, inclusion of @entity3505 @entity12360 into the diet increased (P<0.05) concentration of CLA and @entity26416 (VA) in muscle and also resulted in a higher (P<0.05) ratio of n-6/n-3 @entity5204 compared with that from steers fed CON diet. Increasing FE application in @entity3505 @entity12360 -based diets did not modify the concentrations of individual or total @entity1718 . These results suggest that inclusion of @entity3505 @entity12360 in finishing diets may improve @entity844 profile of beef muscle which could benefit @entity1 health.

title: Effect of XXXX dried distillers grains and enzyme supplementation on growth rates, feed conversion ratio and beef @entity844 profile in feedlot steers.

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']