abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ), abnormal cardiac function is typically preceded by a decade of @entity121 . Molecular reasons for differences in onset and progression of these muscle groups are unknown. @entity1 biomarkers are lacking. METHODS: We analyzed cardiac and skeletal muscle microarrays from normal and @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) @entity235 (ages 6, 12, or 47+ mo) to gain insight into @entity121 and to identify putative @entity1555 biomarkers. These biomarkers were then measured using @entity1 @entity1555 blood samples. RESULTS: We identified @entity3986 candidate genes that might contribute to the disparity between @entity299 , focusing on @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) and @entity1096 ( @entity1096 / @entity1096 , hereafter indicated as @entity1096 ). @entity2252 was elevated in cardiac muscle of younger @entity3986 but was unaltered in skeletal muscle, while @entity1096 was increased only in @entity3986 skeletal muscle. In @entity1 @entity1555 , circulating levels of @entity2252 were inversely correlated with ventricular function and @entity82 , while @entity1096 levels correlated with skeletal muscle function. CONCLUSION: These results highlight gene expression patterns that could account for differences in @entity299 in @entity3986 . Most notably, animal model-derived data were translated to @entity1555 and support use of @entity2252 and @entity1096 as biomarkers for cardiac and skeletal muscle involvement, respectively.

title: Translating XXXX microarray findings to novel biomarkers for @entity121 in @entity1555 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['golden retriever muscular dystrophy', 'GRMD']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotropic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and skeletal disease', 'cardiac and skeletal muscle disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle dysfunction', 'skeletal muscle disease']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['golden retriever muscular dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ), abnormal cardiac function is typically preceded by a decade of @entity121 . Molecular reasons for differences in onset and progression of these muscle groups are unknown. @entity1 biomarkers are lacking. METHODS: We analyzed cardiac and skeletal muscle microarrays from normal and @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) @entity235 (ages 6, 12, or 47+ mo) to gain insight into @entity121 and to identify putative @entity1555 biomarkers. These biomarkers were then measured using @entity1 @entity1555 blood samples. RESULTS: We identified @entity3986 candidate genes that might contribute to the disparity between @entity299 , focusing on @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) and @entity1096 ( @entity1096 / @entity1096 , hereafter indicated as @entity1096 ). @entity2252 was elevated in cardiac muscle of younger @entity3986 but was unaltered in skeletal muscle, while @entity1096 was increased only in @entity3986 skeletal muscle. In @entity1 @entity1555 , circulating levels of @entity2252 were inversely correlated with ventricular function and @entity82 , while @entity1096 levels correlated with skeletal muscle function. CONCLUSION: These results highlight gene expression patterns that could account for differences in @entity299 in @entity3986 . Most notably, animal model-derived data were translated to @entity1555 and support use of @entity2252 and @entity1096 as biomarkers for cardiac and skeletal muscle involvement, respectively.

title: Translating @entity3986 microarray findings to novel biomarkers for XXXX in @entity1555 .

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['cardiac/skeletal muscle function']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ), abnormal cardiac function is typically preceded by a decade of @entity121 . Molecular reasons for differences in onset and progression of these muscle groups are unknown. @entity1 biomarkers are lacking. METHODS: We analyzed cardiac and skeletal muscle microarrays from normal and @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) @entity235 (ages 6, 12, or 47+ mo) to gain insight into @entity121 and to identify putative @entity1555 biomarkers. These biomarkers were then measured using @entity1 @entity1555 blood samples. RESULTS: We identified @entity3986 candidate genes that might contribute to the disparity between @entity299 , focusing on @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) and @entity1096 ( @entity1096 / @entity1096 , hereafter indicated as @entity1096 ). @entity2252 was elevated in cardiac muscle of younger @entity3986 but was unaltered in skeletal muscle, while @entity1096 was increased only in @entity3986 skeletal muscle. In @entity1 @entity1555 , circulating levels of @entity2252 were inversely correlated with ventricular function and @entity82 , while @entity1096 levels correlated with skeletal muscle function. CONCLUSION: These results highlight gene expression patterns that could account for differences in @entity299 in @entity3986 . Most notably, animal model-derived data were translated to @entity1555 and support use of @entity2252 and @entity1096 as biomarkers for cardiac and skeletal muscle involvement, respectively.

title: Translating @entity3986 microarray findings to novel biomarkers for @entity121 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: According to most existing models, a computer is usually needed for predicting @entity64 outcome. Our purpose was to construct a simple and reliable prognostic scale not requiring the use of a calculating machine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The scale [the Bologna Outcome Algorithm for @entity64 ( @entity15662 )] was obtained in 221 @entity1 with @entity385 not undergoing thrombolysis and was then validated in a test group of 100 different @entity1 . Outcome was assessed at 9 months as the number of dependent or dead @entity1 (modified Rankin scale - @entity5329 ). RESULTS: By a preliminary systematic univariate analysis, 25 of 415 baseline variables were found to be associated with a @entity5329 independently of @entity64 severity and age. Subsequent multivariable analyses led to a final model based on five dichotomous @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ): National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score >= 10, age >= 78, need of urinary catheter, @entity26 administration, and persistence of @entity912 at discharge from @entity64 unit. The @entity1 with two or more @entity4059 (53%) had a @entity5329 in 91% of cases and were dead in 42% of cases. With 0-1 @entity4059 , the two percentages were 24% and 2%, respectively (overall accuracy of prediction 83.9%, area under ROC curve [AUC] 0.891). In the test group, the accuracy was 79.0% and the AUC was 0.839. CONCLUSIONS: The need of urinary catheter, @entity26 administration, and persistence of @entity912 , together with @entity64 severity and advanced age, allow a simple and accurate prediction of dependency or @entity204 after @entity385 .

title: A simple scoring system for outcome prediction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'risk factors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb paralysis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Validation of biomarkers is essential to advance the translational process to clinical application. Although there exists an increasing number of reports on small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) as minimally-invasive markers from blood, serum or plasma, just a limited number is verified in follow-up studies. We used qRT-PCR to evaluate a known miRNA signature measured from blood that allowed for separation between @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), @entity1030 and healthy controls.From the data of our previous microarray studies we selected a panel of 235 miRNAs related to @entity2 and @entity1030 . We observed a high concordance between the AUC values of our initial microarray screening and the qRT-PCR data (correlation of 0.704, p < 10-16). Overall, 90.3% of markers were successfully validated. Among the top markers that were concordant between both studies we found hsa-miR-20b-5p, hsa-miR-20a-5p, hsa-miR-17-5p, and hsa-miR-106a-5p. The qRT-PCR analysis also confirmed that @entity1149 @entity1 could be accurately differentiated from unaffected controls: a subset of five markers was sufficient to separate @entity1149 @entity1 from unaffected controls with accuracy of 94.5% (specificity and sensitivity of 98% and 91%). Beyond differentiation from controls, we also succeeded in separating @entity1149 @entity1 from @entity1 with @entity1030 . MiRNAs that were identified as relevant for the separation between @entity2 and @entity1030 by both qRT-PCR and the array-based studies included hsa-miR-26a-5p, hsa-miR-328-3p and hsa-miR-1224-3p. Although for differentiation between @entity1149 @entity1 from @entity1030 @entity1 more markers were required, still high accuracy rates were obtained (5 markers: 78.8%; 10 markers: 83.9%; 50 markers: 87.6%).

title: High-throughput qRT-PCR validation of blood microRNAs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Digestive @entity1127 are a rare entity. They may be sporadic (solitary @entity1127 ) or reveal genetic predisposition like @entity2838 , @entity1412 or @entity1050 . SUMMARY: Diagnosis is based on personal and family history and on clinical data including physical signs (in particular dermatological), endoscopic findings (the number of @entity1127 ) and histological features of the @entity1127 . The risk of complications and of digestive and extra-digestive cancers may be high, especially in case of genetic predisposition syndromes, and requires multidisciplinary management of the @entity1 (oncogenetic counseling, gastroenterologist, pathologist, dermatologist, gynecologist and endocrinologist). Endoscopic evaluation is very helpful to establish the current situation, to perform polypectomy and to allow for good histological examination of the @entity1127 , whose degeneration has been exceptionally described. The recent development of new molecular techniques (next-generation DNA sequencing) allows for rapid multiple gene sequencing and facilitates diagnosis. KEY MESSAGE: Discovery of a @entity1127 requires a rigorous work-up which should be performed by a multidisciplinary team, including a genetic oncologist, experienced in this pathology. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The diagnostic procedure in @entity1127 should be based on the number of @entity1127 identified during endoscopy (solitary versus multiple) and on their histological characteristics. The clinical examination must search for mucosal and @entity272 . If a @entity1412 is identified, oncogenetic consultation is necessary in order to define screening modalities for family members, aiming at preventing @entity5 development. Endoscopic resection (polypectomy) of the lesions may prevent complications like @entity548 and degeneration and also diminish the risk of surgery and subsequent @entity5277 .

title: XXXX in the Gastrointestinal Tract.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['Peutz-Jeghers polyp or solitary juvenile polyp', 'hamartomatous polyps', 'polyps', 'hamartomatous polyp']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2838 :: ('MESH:D010580', 'Disease') :: ['Peutz-Jeghers syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['Cowden disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis syndrome', 'juvenile polyposis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Hamartomatous Tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We present a case of @entity10711 with acute urinary retention secondary to urethral @entity3 . This presentation, and similar cases of urethral @entity3 from this @entity5 , have not been reported previously. CASE PRESENTATION: A 35-year-old Caucasian @entity1 presented to hospital with a history of acute urinary retention. On examination he was found to have right testicular enlargement with raised b- @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin, serum a-fetoprotein and @entity880 dehydrogenase levels. He underwent radical left inguinal orchidectomy and histology confirmed a @entity10711 . Cystoscopy carried out due to urinary retention showed penile @entity3 and the biopsy confirmed metastatic malignant undifferentiated @entity44 . Staging computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis showed pulmonary, pelvic nodal, ischial and penile @entity3 . The diagnosis of the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group of poor prognosis metastatic @entity10711 was made, following which he received four cycles of @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 chemotherapy with curative intent. He had a complete marker and an excellent radiological response. He is currently under follow up. CONCLUSION: The unusual presentation of lymphovascular spread in this case of @entity10711 highlights the need to include routine pelvic imaging in the assessment and follow up of @entity5 .

title: Urethral XXXX from non-seminomatous germ cell tumor: a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testes', 'nonseminomatous germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 and obstruction are major complications for @entity5033 in @entity1 with post- @entity548 @entity1276 . In an effort to (1) reduce the incidence of these complications, (2) reduce the rate of shunt failure and (3) shorten the duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation, we have implemented valveless @entity5033 at our department for adult @entity1 with post- @entity548 @entity1276 and @entity548 cerebrospinal fluid at the time of shunt insertion. METHODS: All adult @entity1 (>18  years old) treated for post- @entity548 @entity1276 with ventriculoperitoneal shunting at our institution from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2014 were included in this retrospective population-based consecutive cohort study. Data were collected by retrospectively reviewing medical records. We compared two different shunt modalities (valveless vs valve-regulated), analysing frequencies of complications, shunt survival and duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation. RESULTS: A total of 214 @entity1 aged 22-86 (mean age, 60.5        11.5  years) were included, comprising 137 valveless and 77 valve-regulated shunts. We found no difference in the rate of surgical shunt revision (p   =   0.65) or differences in time interval from insertion to first surgical revision (p   =   0.31) between the two shunt modalities. The duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation was shorter for @entity1 receiving a valveless shunt (p   =   0.004). @entity1 with valveless shunts had a lower rate of @entity281 (5.1  % vs 14.3  %, p   =   0.02), but a higher rate of overdrainage (10.3  % vs 2.6  %, p   =   0.04). CONCLUSION: The use of a valveless shunting for @entity1 with post- @entity548 @entity1276 results in shorter duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation and lower rate of @entity281 , although these advantages should be held up against the risk of overdrainage. We propose valveless shunting to be used as first-line shunting strategy in this @entity1 category, with careful follow-up ensuring that these are substituted by a valve-bearing system if necessary.

title: Valved or valveless ventriculoperitoneal shunting in the treatment of post- XXXX @entity1276 : a population-based consecutive cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Implant infection', 'shunt infection']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculoperitoneal shunts']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhagic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 and obstruction are major complications for @entity5033 in @entity1 with post- @entity548 @entity1276 . In an effort to (1) reduce the incidence of these complications, (2) reduce the rate of shunt failure and (3) shorten the duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation, we have implemented valveless @entity5033 at our department for adult @entity1 with post- @entity548 @entity1276 and @entity548 cerebrospinal fluid at the time of shunt insertion. METHODS: All adult @entity1 (>18  years old) treated for post- @entity548 @entity1276 with ventriculoperitoneal shunting at our institution from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2014 were included in this retrospective population-based consecutive cohort study. Data were collected by retrospectively reviewing medical records. We compared two different shunt modalities (valveless vs valve-regulated), analysing frequencies of complications, shunt survival and duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation. RESULTS: A total of 214 @entity1 aged 22-86 (mean age, 60.5        11.5  years) were included, comprising 137 valveless and 77 valve-regulated shunts. We found no difference in the rate of surgical shunt revision (p   =   0.65) or differences in time interval from insertion to first surgical revision (p   =   0.31) between the two shunt modalities. The duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation was shorter for @entity1 receiving a valveless shunt (p   =   0.004). @entity1 with valveless shunts had a lower rate of @entity281 (5.1  % vs 14.3  %, p   =   0.02), but a higher rate of overdrainage (10.3  % vs 2.6  %, p   =   0.04). CONCLUSION: The use of a valveless shunting for @entity1 with post- @entity548 @entity1276 results in shorter duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation and lower rate of @entity281 , although these advantages should be held up against the risk of overdrainage. We propose valveless shunting to be used as first-line shunting strategy in this @entity1 category, with careful follow-up ensuring that these are substituted by a valve-bearing system if necessary.

title: Valved or valveless ventriculoperitoneal shunting in the treatment of post- @entity548 XXXX : a population-based consecutive cohort study.

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intensive insulin therapy is the gold standard therapy for @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) @entity1 . To achieve optimal glycemic control, adjustments of insulin dose at mealtimes must be made taking into account several parameters: blood @entity413 levels, insulin/ @entity1735 ratio, @entity1735 intake, and physical activity. Calsulin (Thorpe Products Ltd., Cambridge, UK) is a new tool for the administration of insulin dose before each meal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Calsulin on metabolic control in @entity1723 @entity1 undergoing intensive insulin therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 affected by @entity1723 , 18-65 years old, with disease duration of >1 year, were randomized to Calsulin or to the control group. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was evaluated at entry into the study and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Paired t test (two tailed) and analysis of variance were used to evaluate differences in HbA1c at 3 and 6 months in the two groups. RESULTS: HbA1c at entry was 7.9    1.0% (SD) in the Calsulin-treated group and 7.8    1.6% (SD) in control @entity1 (P not significant). Data showed a slight improvement in HbA1c levels at 3 months in the Calsulin-treated group (-0.61% vs. -0.14% difference, respectively; P not significant). At the 6-month follow-up, a significant reduction in HbA1c levels was observed in the Calsulin-treated group versus the control group (-0.85% vs. -0.07% difference, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Calsulin is an acceptable and practical tool that makes the process of calculating insulin doses easy to use, and, most importantly, it improves metabolic control as shown by a significant reduction of HbA1c levels.

title: A novel insulin unit calculator for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) is one of the most common @entity209 ; however, its pathophysiology is still unclear. Certain polymorphisms of @entity6753 ( @entity6753 ) and @entity10548 ( @entity10548 ) genes may lead to changes in the bioactivity of this hormone. We aimed to investigate possible associations between polymorphisms in the @entity6753 and @entity10548 genes and @entity3610 among Egyptian @entity1 . We also aimed to shed light on the impact of these polymorphisms on LH level, hormonal, and metabolic features of @entity3610 . A case-control study included unrelated 210 @entity1 with @entity3610 and 200 healthy controls, and they were stratified according to their body mass index into two subgroups: lean and @entity28 . Polymorphisms of @entity6753 @entity57962 and @entity10548 [ @entity72935 , and ins18LQ] genes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our results revealed that @entity6753 @entity72936 GA genotype and A allele, @entity10548 @entity72935 GA, AA genotypes, or A allele were significantly associated with @entity3610 risk, while the @entity10548 ins18LQ polymorphism was not. Additionally, there is a synergism between @entity6753 @entity72936 minor A and minor A allele of @entity10548 @entity72935 or minor ins allele of @entity10548 ins18LQ and susceptibility to @entity3610 . When we stratified @entity3610 @entity1 or controls into @entity28 and lean subjects, we found that @entity6753 @entity57962 GA genotype and A allele being more frequent in the @entity28 group when compared with lean @entity1 with @entity3610 [The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were 5.6 (1.30-24.56) and 5.15 (1.21-21.90), respectively, P   =   0.01, for each group.] These results suggested that @entity6753 @entity72936 and @entity10548 @entity72935 genes polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of @entity3610 in Egyptian @entity1 especially in @entity28 cases. There was a synergism between @entity6753 @entity72936 minor A allele and of @entity10548 @entity72935 minor A or minor ins alleles of @entity10548 ins18LQ and @entity3610 risk.    2015 IUBMB Life, 2015.

title: Association between genes encoding components of the Leutinizing hormone/Luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotrophin receptor pathway and XXXX in Egyptian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity6753 :: ('3972', 'Gene') :: ['LHb', 'luteinizing hormone beta-subunit']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine-metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity10548 :: ('3973', 'Gene') :: ['LH/choriogonadotrophin receptor', 'LHCGR']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) is one of the most common @entity209 ; however, its pathophysiology is still unclear. Certain polymorphisms of @entity6753 ( @entity6753 ) and @entity10548 ( @entity10548 ) genes may lead to changes in the bioactivity of this hormone. We aimed to investigate possible associations between polymorphisms in the @entity6753 and @entity10548 genes and @entity3610 among Egyptian @entity1 . We also aimed to shed light on the impact of these polymorphisms on LH level, hormonal, and metabolic features of @entity3610 . A case-control study included unrelated 210 @entity1 with @entity3610 and 200 healthy controls, and they were stratified according to their body mass index into two subgroups: lean and @entity28 . Polymorphisms of @entity6753 @entity57962 and @entity10548 [ @entity72935 , and ins18LQ] genes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our results revealed that @entity6753 @entity72936 GA genotype and A allele, @entity10548 @entity72935 GA, AA genotypes, or A allele were significantly associated with @entity3610 risk, while the @entity10548 ins18LQ polymorphism was not. Additionally, there is a synergism between @entity6753 @entity72936 minor A and minor A allele of @entity10548 @entity72935 or minor ins allele of @entity10548 ins18LQ and susceptibility to @entity3610 . When we stratified @entity3610 @entity1 or controls into @entity28 and lean subjects, we found that @entity6753 @entity57962 GA genotype and A allele being more frequent in the @entity28 group when compared with lean @entity1 with @entity3610 [The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were 5.6 (1.30-24.56) and 5.15 (1.21-21.90), respectively, P   =   0.01, for each group.] These results suggested that @entity6753 @entity72936 and @entity10548 @entity72935 genes polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of @entity3610 in Egyptian @entity1 especially in @entity28 cases. There was a synergism between @entity6753 @entity72936 minor A allele and of @entity10548 @entity72935 minor A or minor ins alleles of @entity10548 ins18LQ and @entity3610 risk.    2015 IUBMB Life, 2015.

title: Association between genes encoding components of the Leutinizing hormone/Luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotrophin receptor pathway and @entity3610 in Egyptian XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to explore molecular mechanism and drug candidates of vascular @entity137 associated with melphalan after treating @entity1 retinal endothelial cells (RECs). GSE34381 microarray data was firstly downloaded and used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in @entity1 REC treated with melphalan vs. untreated cells by limma package in R language. The transcription network was constructed based on TRANSFAC database and the top five transcription factors (TFs) were select with a measure of regulatory impact factor, followed by the construction of function modules. Gene ontology enrichment analyses were performed to explore the enriched functions. Connectivity Map analysis was conducted to predict the potential drugs overcoming the melphalan's actions on REC. Totally, 75 DEGs were identified, including 70 up-regulated and five down-regulated genes. Transcription network with 1311 nodes and 1875 edges was constructed and the top five TFs were @entity10679 , MYC, @entity21468 , @entity2451 , and @entity1178 . Functional modules indicated that @entity2451 and MYC were the important nodes. The upregulated genes as well as the genes involved in the modules mainly participated in biological process of immune response, cell proliferation, and cell motion. Five small molecules were predicted to be potential drug candidates, including @entity632 , @entity72937 , @entity5699 , @entity18885 , and @entity72938 . Based on these results, we speculate that @entity2451 and MYC might involve in the molecular mechanism of @entity137 induced by melphalan through regulating their target genes. Five small molecules might be drug candidates to overcome the melphalan-induced @entity137 via targeting to MYC and @entity1178 .

title: In search of underlying mechanisms and potential drugs of melphalan-induced XXXX through retinal endothelial cells using bioinformatics approach.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['vascular toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity18885 :: ('CHEBI:45979', 'Chemical') :: ['tiabendazole']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['vascular toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathway databases are becoming increasingly important and almost omnipresent in most types of biological and translational research. However, little is known about the quality and completeness of pathways stored in these databases. The present study conducts a comprehensive assessment of transcriptional regulatory pathways in @entity1 for seven well-studied transcription factors: MYC, @entity125 , @entity4042 , @entity876 , AR, @entity6897 , and @entity9135 . The employed benchmarking methodology first involves integrating genome-wide binding with functional gene expression data to derive direct targets of transcription factors. Then the lists of experimentally obtained direct targets are compared with relevant lists of transcriptional targets from 10 commonly used pathway databases. RESULTS: The results of this study show that for the majority of pathway databases, the overlap between experimentally obtained target genes and targets reported in transcriptional regulatory pathway databases is surprisingly small and often is not statistically significant. The only exception is MetaCore pathway database which yields statistically significant intersection with experimental results in 84% cases. Additionally, we suggest that the lists of experimentally derived direct targets obtained in this study can be used to reveal new biological insight in transcriptional regulation and suggest novel putative therapeutic targets in @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study opens a debate on validity of using many popular pathway databases to obtain transcriptional regulatory targets. We conclude that the choice of pathway databases should be informed by solid scientific evidence and rigorous empirical evaluation. REVIEWERS: This article was reviewed by Prof. Wing Hung Wong, Dr. Thiago Motta Venancio (nominated by Dr. L Aravind), and Prof. Geoff J McLachlan.

title: Assessing quality and completeness of XXXX transcriptional regulatory pathways on a genome-wide scale.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this prospective birth cohort study was to evaluate the effect of the interdisciplinary preventive programme (PP) for @entity3148 caries in 3-year-old @entity1 in Germany. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From July 2009 to October 2010, all parents of newborns (n  =  1162) were visited after birth by the communal newborn visiting service of Jena, Thuringia, and advised on general and dental health. In the first year of life, @entity1 were invited to a dental examination in Jena University Hospital. Participating @entity1 were included in a risk-related recall system with continuous oral care over 3  years. Caries-risk assessment tool of the AAPD was used for risk categorizing. High-risk @entity1 received @entity1388 varnish biannual. In 2013, the total birth cohort ( @entity1 and non- @entity1 ) was invited to evaluate the PP. @entity1547 was scored using WHO diagnostic criteria expanded to d1-level without radiography. Data were analysed statistically (multivariate logistic regression). RESULTS: Seven hundred fifty-five @entity1 (mean age 3.26      0.51  years) were examined. @entity1 in the PP (n  =  377) showed significantly lower caries prevalence and experience than non- @entity1 (15.6 vs. 37.8  %, 0.9      3.3 d1-4mfs vs. 2.6      5.2 d1-4mfs). Lack of @entity560 supplements (OR  =  1.9, CI 0.99-3.51), familial caries experience (OR  =  2.2, CI 1.27-3.73) and visible plaque on teeth (OR  =  6.5, CI 4.41-9.43) were significant risk factors for caries development, whereas regular dental care (OR  =  0.5, CI 0.38-0.79) had a protective effect. CONCLUSIONS: The PP was an effective interdisciplinary approach for preventing @entity3148 caries in small @entity1 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Early dental visits with caries-risk-related preventive dental care are necessary to prevent @entity3148 caries (ECC). TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00003438, https://drks-neu.uniklinik-freiburg.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML_TRIAL_ID=DRKS00003438.

title: Evaluation of an interdisciplinary preventive programme for XXXX caries: findings of a regional German birth cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Dental caries']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['early childhood']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity3148 :: (MESH:D004831,Disease) :: ['early childhood']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 in trials evaluating preventive interventions such as screening are on average healthier than the general population. To decrease this 'healthy volunteer effect' (HVE) @entity1 were randomly invited from population registers to participate in the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of @entity43 Screening (UKCTOCS) and not allowed to self refer. This report assesses the extent of the HVE still prevalent in UKCTOCS and considers how certain shortfalls in mortality and incidence can be related to differences in socioeconomic status. METHODS: Between 2001 and 2005, 202 638 postmenopausal @entity1 joined the trial out of 1 243 312 @entity1 randomly invited from local health authority registers. The cohort was flagged for @entity204 and @entity5 registrations and mean follow up at censoring was 5.55 years for mortality, and 2.58 years for @entity5 incidence. Overall and cause-specific Standardised Mortality Ratios (SMRs) and Standardised Incidence Ratios (SIRs) were calculated based on national mortality (2005) and @entity5 incidence (2006) statistics. The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD 2007) was used to assess the link between socioeconomic status and mortality/ @entity5 incidence, and differences between the invited and recruited populations. RESULTS: The @entity5047 for all trial @entity1 was 37%. By subgroup, the SMRs were higher for: younger age groups, extremes of BMI distribution and with each increasing year in trial. There was a clear trend between lower socioeconomic status and increased mortality but less pronounced with incidence. While the invited population had higher mean IMD scores (more deprived) than the national average, those who joined the trial were less deprived. CONCLUSIONS: Recruitment to screening trials through invitation from population registers does not prevent a pronounced HVE on mortality. The impact on @entity5 incidence is much smaller. Similar shortfalls can be expected in other screening RCTs and it maybe prudent to use the various mortality and incidence rates presented as guides for calculating event rates and power in RCTs involving @entity1 .

title: Impact on mortality and XXXX incidence rates of using random invitation from population registers for recruitment to trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to evaluate dendritic cell (DC) @entity5 vaccines for preventing @entity96 recurrence and @entity3 . DCs were induced from mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood with recombinant @entity1 @entity2841 (rhGM-CSF) and recombinant @entity1 @entity3646 (rhIL-4), followed by sensitization with lysis of autologous @entity96 cells. One hundred and sixty @entity1 with @entity157 were randomly divided into two groups of 80. One group was treated postoperatively with six cycles of the DC @entity5 vaccine. The other group was treated postoperatively with six cycles of FOLFOX 6, beginning 1 week after surgery. After treatment with DC @entity5 vaccines, the levels of CD3+, @entity404 +, and @entity405 +, the ratio of @entity404 + to @entity405 + DC, and the serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-y were significantly increased both in comparison to the pre-treatment levels (P < 0.001) and to the chemotherapy group (P < 0.001). After a postoperative follow-up of 18 months, the metastatic recurrence rate in the DC @entity5 vaccine group was significantly lower than that in the chemotherapy group (17.50 vs 48.75%, P < 0.005), and the survival rate of the @entity1 in the DC @entity5 vaccine group was higher than that of the chemotherapy treatment group (86.25 vs 52.50%, P < 0.005). Treatment with DC @entity5 vaccines was safe and feasible. It can enhance the immunity of the @entity1 , reduce the rates of @entity3 and recurrence, and improve survival rates. This is a promising treatment for the prevention of postoperative recurrence in @entity1 with @entity96 .

title: Clinical research on dendritic cell vaccines to prevent postoperative recurrence and XXXX of @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to evaluate dendritic cell (DC) @entity5 vaccines for preventing @entity96 recurrence and @entity3 . DCs were induced from mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood with recombinant @entity1 @entity2841 (rhGM-CSF) and recombinant @entity1 @entity3646 (rhIL-4), followed by sensitization with lysis of autologous @entity96 cells. One hundred and sixty @entity1 with @entity157 were randomly divided into two groups of 80. One group was treated postoperatively with six cycles of the DC @entity5 vaccine. The other group was treated postoperatively with six cycles of FOLFOX 6, beginning 1 week after surgery. After treatment with DC @entity5 vaccines, the levels of CD3+, @entity404 +, and @entity405 +, the ratio of @entity404 + to @entity405 + DC, and the serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-y were significantly increased both in comparison to the pre-treatment levels (P < 0.001) and to the chemotherapy group (P < 0.001). After a postoperative follow-up of 18 months, the metastatic recurrence rate in the DC @entity5 vaccine group was significantly lower than that in the chemotherapy group (17.50 vs 48.75%, P < 0.005), and the survival rate of the @entity1 in the DC @entity5 vaccine group was higher than that of the chemotherapy treatment group (86.25 vs 52.50%, P < 0.005). Treatment with DC @entity5 vaccines was safe and feasible. It can enhance the immunity of the @entity1 , reduce the rates of @entity3 and recurrence, and improve survival rates. This is a promising treatment for the prevention of postoperative recurrence in @entity1 with @entity96 .

title: Clinical research on dendritic cell vaccines to prevent postoperative recurrence and @entity3 of XXXX .

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: This study was purposed to explore the effects of Tanreqing injection on the biologic activities of @entity1 acute @entity981 cell line Molt4 in vitro and its mechanism. Tanreqing injection was proportionally diluted and divided into 9 groups of different concentrations, including 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128, 1:256 and 1:512. Molt4 cells were treated with those different concentrations of Tanreqing injection, and the cell growth status at various time points of different concentrations was observed under microscope. CCK-8 assay was employed to detect ability of cell proliferation, growth curve was drawn, the inhibition ratio and 50% inhibiting concentration (IC(50)) were calculated. Flow cytometry with PI and PI/ @entity4404 double stainings were used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis of Molt4 cells after the treatment of Tanreqing injection respectively. @entity522 and @entity588 mRNA expression of Molt4 cells were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that Tanreqing injection displayed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Molt4 cell line. In 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and 1:16 concentration groups, great @entity137 was observed and numerous cells were dead. The inhibitory effect of Tanreqing injection was dose-dependent. IC(50) was 1:142 dilution concentration. In the 1:32 concentration group, S phase cell quantity remarkably decreased (p < 0.05) and apoptosis rate significantly increased (p < 0.05) at 72 hours after Tanreqing injection treatment. Simultaneously, @entity522 mRNA expression increased and @entity588 mRNA expressions was downregulated (p < 0.05). It is concluded that the Tanreqing injection has an inhibitory effect on Molt4 cell proliferation and promotes its apoptosis. These biological effects of Tanreqing injection are partly related to cell reduction in S phase, downregulation of @entity588 gene and upregulation of @entity522 .

title: [Inhibitory effect of Tanreqing injection on proliferation of XXXX cell line Molt4 in vitro and its mechanism].

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['T lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['T lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of @entity1 with @entity792 combined with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). The clinical characteristics and pathologic patterns of 6 @entity1 with @entity1893 who concurrently suffered from @entity792 were analysed retrospectively from aspects of clinical course, pathologic features, and therapy. Treatment outcomes for @entity792 and @entity1893 were observed. The results showed that 6 @entity1 included 4 females and 2 males, range in age from 28 to 65 years with a median age of 56 years. The @entity792 are @entity10632 ( @entity10632 , 2 cases), @entity309 ( @entity309 , 2 cases), @entity31 ( @entity31 , 1 case) and @entity30 ( @entity30 , 1 case). The @entity1893 located not only in the lymph node (n = 3) but also in extranodal sites (n = 3). Histologically, 3 cases were @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ), 2 cases were extranodal nasal NK/ @entity784 (ENKL) and 1 case was @entity3191 , not otherwise specified. Based on @entity2282 , @entity4042 and @entity14546 expression patterns, all 3 @entity1892 were classified as non-GC subtype. EBER positive @entity5 cells were detected in 2 case of ENKL. 5 @entity1 achieved a complete remission (83%) and 1 @entity1 was primary drug-resistant after @entity3726 chemotherapy or involved radiotherapy. Median survival from the time of @entity706 diagnosis was 3 years. 1 @entity1 showed clinical improvement of the @entity10632 symptoms, 2 @entity1 ( @entity30 and @entity31 ) showed stable state of disease and 2 @entity1 with @entity309 and 1 @entity1 with @entity10632 needed continuing treatment for their @entity792 after chemotherapy for @entity1893 . It is concluded that the development of @entity1893 is one of the most serious complications in @entity1 with @entity792 . There is an increased frequency of non-GC subtype @entity1892 . @entity3726 combined with or without radiotherapy proves to be effective for @entity792 @entity1 with aggressive @entity1893 but ineffective for concurrent @entity792 .

title: [Clinic-pathologic characteristics of XXXX combined with @entity1893 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease", 'CD']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse large B cell lymphoma', 'DLBCL']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'NHL', 'NHL diseases']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ['SS', "Sjogren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of @entity1 with @entity792 combined with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). The clinical characteristics and pathologic patterns of 6 @entity1 with @entity1893 who concurrently suffered from @entity792 were analysed retrospectively from aspects of clinical course, pathologic features, and therapy. Treatment outcomes for @entity792 and @entity1893 were observed. The results showed that 6 @entity1 included 4 females and 2 males, range in age from 28 to 65 years with a median age of 56 years. The @entity792 are @entity10632 ( @entity10632 , 2 cases), @entity309 ( @entity309 , 2 cases), @entity31 ( @entity31 , 1 case) and @entity30 ( @entity30 , 1 case). The @entity1893 located not only in the lymph node (n = 3) but also in extranodal sites (n = 3). Histologically, 3 cases were @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ), 2 cases were extranodal nasal NK/ @entity784 (ENKL) and 1 case was @entity3191 , not otherwise specified. Based on @entity2282 , @entity4042 and @entity14546 expression patterns, all 3 @entity1892 were classified as non-GC subtype. EBER positive @entity5 cells were detected in 2 case of ENKL. 5 @entity1 achieved a complete remission (83%) and 1 @entity1 was primary drug-resistant after @entity3726 chemotherapy or involved radiotherapy. Median survival from the time of @entity706 diagnosis was 3 years. 1 @entity1 showed clinical improvement of the @entity10632 symptoms, 2 @entity1 ( @entity30 and @entity31 ) showed stable state of disease and 2 @entity1 with @entity309 and 1 @entity1 with @entity10632 needed continuing treatment for their @entity792 after chemotherapy for @entity1893 . It is concluded that the development of @entity1893 is one of the most serious complications in @entity1 with @entity792 . There is an increased frequency of non-GC subtype @entity1892 . @entity3726 combined with or without radiotherapy proves to be effective for @entity792 @entity1 with aggressive @entity1893 but ineffective for concurrent @entity792 .

title: [Clinic-pathologic characteristics of @entity792 combined with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To help establish consensus on the safe use of contrast media in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to accredited teaching hospitals with radiology residency programs. RESULTS: The reply rate was 45.4  % (329/724). For @entity8 ( @entity8 ), chronic and acute @entity8 were considered a risk factor in 96.7 and 93.6  %, respectively, and dehydration in 73.9  %. As preventive actions, intravenous hydration (89.1  %) and reduction of iodinated contrast media dose (86.9  %) were commonly performed. For @entity740 were considered risk factors in 98.5 and 90.6  %, respectively, but use of unstable @entity2287 -based contrast media was considered a risk factor in only 55.6  %. A renal function test was always (63.5  % in iodinated; 65.7  % in @entity2287 ) or almost always (23.1; 19.8  %) performed, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was the parameter most frequently used (80.8; 82.6  %). For the @entity1 with risk factors for acute adverse reaction (AAR), @entity479 premedication or/and change of contrast medium were frequent preventive actions, but intravenous @entity479 administration immediately before contrast media use was still performed. CONCLUSION: Our questionnaire survey revealed that preventive actions against @entity8 were properly performed based on @entity1 ' eGFR. Preventive actions against NSF and AAR still lacked consensus.

title: Safe use of iodinated and XXXX -based contrast media in current practice in Japan: a questionnaire survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney diseases', 'contrast-induced nephropathy', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), chronic and acute kidney diseases']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: Clinical @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) is accompanied by comorbid peripheral injury in 47% of @entity1 . @entity1 and animal modeling data have shown that painful @entity6784 undermine long-term recovery of locomotion through unknown mechanisms. Peripheral nociceptive stimuli induce maladaptive synaptic plasticity in dorsal horn sensory systems through @entity140 receptor (AMPAR) phosphorylation and trafficking to synapses. Here we test whether ventral horn motor neurons in @entity35 demonstrate similar experience-dependent maladaptive plasticity below a complete @entity1566 in vivo. Quantitative biochemistry demonstrated that @entity10237 ( @entity10237 ) rapidly and selectively increases AMPAR subunit @entity7335 @entity563 831 phosphorylation and localization to synapses in the injured spinal cord, while reducing synaptic @entity7336 . These changes predict motor dysfunction in the absence of cell death signaling, suggesting an opportunity for therapeutic reversal. Automated confocal time-course analysis of lumbar ventral horn motor neurons confirmed a time-dependent increase in synaptic @entity7335 with concurrent decrease in synaptic @entity7336 . Optical fractionation of neuronal plasma membranes revealed @entity7336 removal from extrasynaptic sites on motor neurons early after @entity10237 followed by removal from synapses 2 h later. As @entity7336 -lacking AMPARs are canonical @entity460 -permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs), their stimulus- and time-dependent insertion provides a therapeutic target for limiting @entity460 -dependent dynamic maladaptive plasticity after @entity1566 . Confirming this, a selective CP-AMPAR antagonist protected against @entity10237 -induced maladaptive spinal plasticity, restoring adaptive motor responses on a sensorimotor spinal training task. These findings highlight the critical involvement of AMPARs in experience-dependent spinal cord plasticity after injury and provide a pharmacologically targetable synaptic mechanism by which early postinjury experience shapes motor plasticity.

title: XXXX Receptor Phosphorylation and Synaptic Colocalization on Motor Neurons Drive Maladaptive Plasticity below Complete @entity1566 (1,2,3).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity10237 :: ('MESH:D059226', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent nociceptive stimulation', 'INS']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6784 :: ('MESH:D059348', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral injuries']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: Clinical @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) is accompanied by comorbid peripheral injury in 47% of @entity1 . @entity1 and animal modeling data have shown that painful @entity6784 undermine long-term recovery of locomotion through unknown mechanisms. Peripheral nociceptive stimuli induce maladaptive synaptic plasticity in dorsal horn sensory systems through @entity140 receptor (AMPAR) phosphorylation and trafficking to synapses. Here we test whether ventral horn motor neurons in @entity35 demonstrate similar experience-dependent maladaptive plasticity below a complete @entity1566 in vivo. Quantitative biochemistry demonstrated that @entity10237 ( @entity10237 ) rapidly and selectively increases AMPAR subunit @entity7335 @entity563 831 phosphorylation and localization to synapses in the injured spinal cord, while reducing synaptic @entity7336 . These changes predict motor dysfunction in the absence of cell death signaling, suggesting an opportunity for therapeutic reversal. Automated confocal time-course analysis of lumbar ventral horn motor neurons confirmed a time-dependent increase in synaptic @entity7335 with concurrent decrease in synaptic @entity7336 . Optical fractionation of neuronal plasma membranes revealed @entity7336 removal from extrasynaptic sites on motor neurons early after @entity10237 followed by removal from synapses 2 h later. As @entity7336 -lacking AMPARs are canonical @entity460 -permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs), their stimulus- and time-dependent insertion provides a therapeutic target for limiting @entity460 -dependent dynamic maladaptive plasticity after @entity1566 . Confirming this, a selective CP-AMPAR antagonist protected against @entity10237 -induced maladaptive spinal plasticity, restoring adaptive motor responses on a sensorimotor spinal training task. These findings highlight the critical involvement of AMPARs in experience-dependent spinal cord plasticity after injury and provide a pharmacologically targetable synaptic mechanism by which early postinjury experience shapes motor plasticity.

title: @entity140 Receptor Phosphorylation and Synaptic Colocalization on Motor Neurons Drive Maladaptive Plasticity below Complete XXXX (1,2,3).

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: Computed tomography (CT) is used extensively in @entity5 diagnosis, staging, evaluation of response to treatment, and in active surveillance for @entity5 reoccurrence. A review of CT technology is provided, at a level of detail appropriate for a busy clinician to review. The basis of x-ray CT dosimetry is also discussed, and concepts of absorbed dose and @entity24882 ( @entity24882 ) are distinguished. Absorbed dose is a physical quantity (measured in milligray [mGy]) equal to the x-ray energy deposited in a mass of tissue, whereas @entity24882 uses an organ-specific weighting method that converts organ doses to @entity24882 measured in millisieverts ( @entity2073 ). The organ weighting values carry with them a measure of radiation risk, and so @entity24882 (in @entity2073 ) is not a physical dose metric but rather is one that conveys radiation risk. The use of CT in a @entity5 surveillance protocol was used as an example of a pediatric @entity1 who had @entity703 , with surgery and radiation therapy. The active use of CT for @entity5 surveillance along with diagnostic CT scans led to a total of 50 CT scans performed on this @entity1 in a 7-year period. It was estimated that the @entity1 received an average organ dose of 431 mGy from these CT scans. By comparison, the radiation therapy was performed and delivered 50.4 Gy to the @entity1 's abdomen. Thus, the total dose from CT represented only 0.8% of the @entity1 's radiation dose.

title: @entity5 surveillance using serial computed tomography: evaluation of organ absorbed dose and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity24882 :: ('MESH:D065606', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'effective dose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity24882 :: (MESH:D065606,Disease) :: ['effective dose']


abstract: Computed tomography (CT) is used extensively in @entity5 diagnosis, staging, evaluation of response to treatment, and in active surveillance for @entity5 reoccurrence. A review of CT technology is provided, at a level of detail appropriate for a busy clinician to review. The basis of x-ray CT dosimetry is also discussed, and concepts of absorbed dose and @entity24882 ( @entity24882 ) are distinguished. Absorbed dose is a physical quantity (measured in milligray [mGy]) equal to the x-ray energy deposited in a mass of tissue, whereas @entity24882 uses an organ-specific weighting method that converts organ doses to @entity24882 measured in millisieverts ( @entity2073 ). The organ weighting values carry with them a measure of radiation risk, and so @entity24882 (in @entity2073 ) is not a physical dose metric but rather is one that conveys radiation risk. The use of CT in a @entity5 surveillance protocol was used as an example of a pediatric @entity1 who had @entity703 , with surgery and radiation therapy. The active use of CT for @entity5 surveillance along with diagnostic CT scans led to a total of 50 CT scans performed on this @entity1 in a 7-year period. It was estimated that the @entity1 received an average organ dose of 431 mGy from these CT scans. By comparison, the radiation therapy was performed and delivered 50.4 Gy to the @entity1 's abdomen. Thus, the total dose from CT represented only 0.8% of the @entity1 's radiation dose.

title: XXXX surveillance using serial computed tomography: evaluation of organ absorbed dose and @entity24882 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Abdominal pediatric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In April 2009, a new strain of H1N1 influenza virus, referred to as pandemic @entity683 (H1N1) was first detected in @entity1 in the United States, followed by an outbreak in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Soon afterwards, this new virus kept spreading worldwide resulting in a global outbreak. In China, the second Circular of the Ministry of Health pointed out that as of December 31, 2009, the country's 31 provinces had reported 120,000 confirmed cases of H1N1. METHODS: We formulate an @entity3082 model of @entity683 based on networks. We calculate the basic reproduction number and study the effects of various immunization schemes. The final size relation is derived for the network @entity3082 model. The model parameters are estimated via least-squares fitting of the model solution to the observed data in China. RESULTS: For the network model, we prove that the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction is less than one. The final size will depend on the vaccination starting time, T, the number of infective cases at time T and immunization schemes to follow. Our theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations. Using the parameter estimates based on the observation data of the cumulative number of hospital notifications, we estimate the basic reproduction number R0 to be 1.6809 in China. CONCLUSIONS: Network modelling supplies a useful tool for studying the transmission of H1N1 in China, capturing the main features of the spread of H1N1. While a uniform, mass-immunization strategy helps control the prevalence, a targeted immunization strategy focusing on specific groups with given connectivity may better control the endemic.

title: Modelling and analysis of XXXX (H1N1) on networks.

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza A']


abstract: 16 male and 28 female @entity1 experiencing moderately severe @entity158 during episodes of @entity3458 at least once in 3 months with little or no fever or exacerbations of @entity1087 were selected for a cross-over trial of low doses of steriods against saline solution. The @entity1 each completed 4-6 months of treatment. All @entity1 were on regular folates and had high or normal serum-iron values. Weights ranged from 24-134 pounds and ages from 2-35 years. Male @entity1 were randomly assigned to either @entity251 in oil (10 mg in 1 ml) or physiological @entity2827 solution (1 ml). Females were randomly assigned to @entity1420 in oil (10 mg in 1 ml) or physiological saline solution. A score was computed each month reflecting the severity, duration, and frequency of episodes of @entity158 . About 80% of the individuals on steriods had good responses and about the same proportion of the @entity2827 group had very poor responses. 22 of the original 31 @entity1 stopped taking saline injections after the 1 @entity19 weeks. The packed-cell volumes in the @entity479 group rose during the period of @entity479 injections, while there was no appreciable change in the @entity2827 group. There were no sex differences in the pattern of response and no deleterious side effects were noted.

title: @entity479 treatment in the prevention of @entity158 episodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle-cell disease']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle-cell disease']


abstract: 16 male and 28 female @entity1 experiencing moderately severe @entity158 during episodes of @entity3458 at least once in 3 months with little or no fever or exacerbations of @entity1087 were selected for a cross-over trial of low doses of steriods against saline solution. The @entity1 each completed 4-6 months of treatment. All @entity1 were on regular folates and had high or normal serum-iron values. Weights ranged from 24-134 pounds and ages from 2-35 years. Male @entity1 were randomly assigned to either @entity251 in oil (10 mg in 1 ml) or physiological @entity2827 solution (1 ml). Females were randomly assigned to @entity1420 in oil (10 mg in 1 ml) or physiological saline solution. A score was computed each month reflecting the severity, duration, and frequency of episodes of @entity158 . About 80% of the individuals on steriods had good responses and about the same proportion of the @entity2827 group had very poor responses. 22 of the original 31 @entity1 stopped taking saline injections after the 1 @entity19 weeks. The packed-cell volumes in the @entity479 group rose during the period of @entity479 injections, while there was no appreciable change in the @entity2827 group. There were no sex differences in the pattern of response and no deleterious side effects were noted.

title: @entity479 treatment in the prevention of XXXX episodes in @entity3458 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful']


abstract: 16 male and 28 female @entity1 experiencing moderately severe @entity158 during episodes of @entity3458 at least once in 3 months with little or no fever or exacerbations of @entity1087 were selected for a cross-over trial of low doses of steriods against saline solution. The @entity1 each completed 4-6 months of treatment. All @entity1 were on regular folates and had high or normal serum-iron values. Weights ranged from 24-134 pounds and ages from 2-35 years. Male @entity1 were randomly assigned to either @entity251 in oil (10 mg in 1 ml) or physiological @entity2827 solution (1 ml). Females were randomly assigned to @entity1420 in oil (10 mg in 1 ml) or physiological saline solution. A score was computed each month reflecting the severity, duration, and frequency of episodes of @entity158 . About 80% of the individuals on steriods had good responses and about the same proportion of the @entity2827 group had very poor responses. 22 of the original 31 @entity1 stopped taking saline injections after the 1 @entity19 weeks. The packed-cell volumes in the @entity479 group rose during the period of @entity479 injections, while there was no appreciable change in the @entity2827 group. There were no sex differences in the pattern of response and no deleterious side effects were noted.

title: XXXX treatment in the prevention of @entity158 episodes in @entity3458 .

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: With the publication of revised draft ICH guidelines (Draft ICH S2), there is scope and potential to establish a combined multi-end point in vivo assay to alleviate the need for multiple in vivo assays, thereby reducing time, cost and use of animals. Presented here are the results of an evaluation trial in which the bone-marrow and peripheral blood (via MicroFlow(  ) flow cytometry) micronucleus tests (looking at potential chromosome breakage and whole chromosome loss) in developing erythrocytes or young reticulocytes were combined with the Comet assay (measuring DNA strand-breakage), in stomach, liver and blood lymphocytes. This allowed a variety of potential target tissues (site of contact, site of metabolism and peripheral distribution) to be assessed for DNA damage. This combination approach was performed with minimal changes to the standard and regulatory recommended sampling times for the stand-alone assays. A series of eight in vivo genotoxins ( @entity5997 , @entity3014 , @entity9454 , @entity786 , @entity1232 , @entity6321 , @entity330 and @entity1138 ), which are known to act via different modes of action (direct- and indirect-acting clastogens, alkylating agents, gene mutagens, cross-linking and aneugenic compounds) were tested. Male @entity35 were dosed at 0, 24 and 45 h, and bone marrow and peripheral blood (micronucleus endpoint), liver, whole blood and stomach (Comet endpoint) were sampled at three hours after the last dose. Comet and micronucleus responses were as expected based on available data for conventional (acute) stand-alone assays. All compounds were detected as genotoxic in at least one of the endpoints. The importance of evaluating both endpoints was highlighted by the uniquely positive responses for certain chemicals ( @entity3014 and @entity5997 ) with the Comet endpoint and certain other chemicals (carbendazim and @entity1138 ) with the micronucleus endpoint. The data generated from these investigations demonstrate the suitability of the multi-endpoint design.

title: Evaluation of a multi-endpoint assay in XXXX , combining the bone-marrow micronucleus test, the Comet assay and the flow-cytometric peripheral blood micronucleus test.

entities_list: @entity6321 :: ('MESH:D005020', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl methanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity9454 :: ('MESH:C006698', 'Chemical') :: ['carbendazim']

entities_list: @entity5997 :: ('MESH:D015073', 'Chemical') :: ['2-acetylaminofluorene']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy has been shown in adults to be an effective diagnostic tool for a large number of @entity85 . OBJECTIVE: To characterize our experience with CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of pediatric @entity79 and determine its utility in diagnosing @entity75 , in a population where such lesions are commonly benign. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2000 to 2009, 61 @entity1 underwent 63 CT-guided percutaneous biopsies. Radiological, pathological and clinical records were reviewed. RESULTS: Fourteen biopsies (22%) were performed on malignant lesions, while 49 biopsies (78%) were performed on benign lesions. Forty-nine of the 63 biopsies (78%) were adequate; these @entity1 underwent no further tissue sampling. Fourteen of the 63 biopsies (22%) were inadequate or non-conclusive. Of these @entity1 , 12 underwent open biopsy. Retrospective analysis of percutaneous biopsies in these @entity1 demonstrates that 9/12 provided clinically relevant information, and 4/12 @entity1 received final diagnoses that confirmed initial core biopsy findings. No @entity5 were diagnosed as benign on percutaneous biopsy. Overall, percutaneous core needle biopsy provided accurate diagnostic information in 84% (53/63) of biopsies. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that CT-guided percutaneous biopsy is safe and beneficial in @entity1 . This study supports the use of CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy for primary diagnosis of pediatric @entity79 .

title: Accuracy of CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy for assessment of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric osseous lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal malignancies']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal lesions']


abstract: The @entity1277 ( @entity1278 ), @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ), @entity5550 and allied diagnoses such as @entity1277 not otherwise specified are common, complex @entity146 with a significant genetic component. Aetiology is unknown, but both phenotypic characteristics and genetic factors appear to be shared across these disorders, and indeed @entity1 often change between diagnostic categories. Molecular studies have attempted to define genetic risk factors for these disorders, including case-control and family-based candidate gene association studies and linkage analysis of multiply affected nuclear families. These have used both clinical diagnoses and @entity1277 -related intermediate phenotypes such as drive-for-thinness or body dissatisfaction. Candidate gene studies have focussed on neurotransmitter and neurodevelopmental systems [e.g. serotonergic, opioid, cannabinoid and dopaminergic receptors, and @entity2252 ( @entity2252 )], appetite regulatory peptides and their receptors [leptin, ghrelin, @entity13495 ( @entity13495 ), melanocortin receptors, neuropeptide Y], energy balance systems (e.g. uncoupling proteins), genes implicated in @entity28 (e.g. @entity18957 ) and sex hormone systems (e.g. @entity2931 receptors), either identified on the basis of their function alone or as positional candidates from linkage analysis. Of these studies, linkage analysis implicates 1p33-36 for @entity1278 , 1q31.3 for quantitative behavioural traits related to @entity448 and 10p14 for @entity1279 , as well as other behavioural phenotypes across both disorders. Candidate gene association has implicated @entity2252 , delta 1 opioid receptor (OPDR1) and @entity13495 . More recently, with the advent of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), analysis with microsatellite markers has implicated novel candidate loci for @entity1278 at 1q41 and 11q22, and further GWAS results are expected in the near future.

title: The genetics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity13495 :: ('181', 'Gene') :: ['AgRP', 'agouti-related protein']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders anorexia nervosa', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several adverse events following immunization (AEFI) have been attributed to immunization with live attenuated measles, mumps, and @entity2462 (MMR) vaccines. The MMR vaccine was introduced into the routine @entity1 immunization schedule in 2003, followed by a second dose of vaccine at school-entry for @entity1 4 to 6 years of age. The objective of this study was to characterize adverse reactions following MMR vaccination in Iran. METHODS: @entity1 who received the MMR vaccine and resided in five selected provinces of Iran were examined weekly for four weeks to detect well-known AEFIs that included: @entity8174 , @entity221 and @entity410 , @entity410 without @entity221 , @entity75 , and anaphylactic reactions. Incidence of AEFIs were calculated and compared among recipients in both age groups. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, trained providers reported 792 AEFIs. @entity8174 was the most frequent event occurring in 1.8% of recipients. Of 14,109 @entity1 vaccinated at 12 months of age the following AEFIs occurred: @entity8174 (147), @entity221 and @entity410 (8), @entity410 (7), @entity75 (1), and anaphylactic reactions (1). Of 29,338 @entity1 vaccinated at 4 to 6 years of age, @entity8174 , @entity221 and @entity410 , @entity75 , and @entity2021 occurred in 626, 5, 1, and 1 @entity1 , respectively; no @entity410 without @entity221 were reported in this age group. CONCLUSION: @entity8174 is the most frequent AEFI among MMR vaccine recipients in Iran. Incidence rates of AEFIs following MMR vaccination in Iran are similar to rates of AEFIs reported in other studies.

title: Adverse reactions following immunization with MMR vaccine in XXXX at selected provinces of Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotitis', 'Parotitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity174 of the clivus and traumatic diastases of the clival synchondroses are rare in the pediatric population. The incidence, outcome, and biomechanics associated with these @entity174 have been difficult to ascertain secondary to the lack of literature pertaining to their occurrence. METHODS: A Boolean search of the electronic medical record database at the @entity1 's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, was performed to identify @entity1 with @entity174 of the clivus that were diagnosed using CT of the head. A retrospective review of the chart and radiographic imaging was then performed to assess data regarding @entity1 demographics, mechanism of injury, and skull and brain parenchymal injuries, as well as outcomes. RESULTS: Between May 2002 and November 2007, 16 @entity1 with @entity174 of the clivus were identified. The mean age of these @entity1 was 9 years (range 1-16 years). Eleven (68.8%) of the 16 @entity1 had an associated traumatic @entity6877 of the central skull base. Five (31.3%) of the 16 @entity1 died. However, of the 11 @entity1 who survived, all had a good outcome with a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4 or 5 at the time of discharge. The incidence of @entity174 among @entity1 with @entity542 was 0.33%. CONCLUSIONS: Clival @entity174 occur with a similar incidence in both the pediatric and adult trauma population. Outcome is not correlated directly with the extent of clival @entity174 , but rather with the presenting Glasgow @entity772 Scale score and concomitant brain parenchymal injuries. The identification of traumatic diastases in @entity1 with @entity174 suggests that static loading forces are a significant factor in the biomechanics producing these types of @entity174 .

title: @entity174 of the clivus and traumatic XXXX of the central skull base in the pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture', 'clival fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity6877 :: ('MESH:D046548', 'Disease') :: ['diastasis']

answer: @entity6877 :: (MESH:D046548,Disease) :: ['diastasis']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity174 of the clivus and traumatic diastases of the clival synchondroses are rare in the pediatric population. The incidence, outcome, and biomechanics associated with these @entity174 have been difficult to ascertain secondary to the lack of literature pertaining to their occurrence. METHODS: A Boolean search of the electronic medical record database at the @entity1 's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, was performed to identify @entity1 with @entity174 of the clivus that were diagnosed using CT of the head. A retrospective review of the chart and radiographic imaging was then performed to assess data regarding @entity1 demographics, mechanism of injury, and skull and brain parenchymal injuries, as well as outcomes. RESULTS: Between May 2002 and November 2007, 16 @entity1 with @entity174 of the clivus were identified. The mean age of these @entity1 was 9 years (range 1-16 years). Eleven (68.8%) of the 16 @entity1 had an associated traumatic @entity6877 of the central skull base. Five (31.3%) of the 16 @entity1 died. However, of the 11 @entity1 who survived, all had a good outcome with a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4 or 5 at the time of discharge. The incidence of @entity174 among @entity1 with @entity542 was 0.33%. CONCLUSIONS: Clival @entity174 occur with a similar incidence in both the pediatric and adult trauma population. Outcome is not correlated directly with the extent of clival @entity174 , but rather with the presenting Glasgow @entity772 Scale score and concomitant brain parenchymal injuries. The identification of traumatic diastases in @entity1 with @entity174 suggests that static loading forces are a significant factor in the biomechanics producing these types of @entity174 .

title: XXXX of the clivus and traumatic @entity6877 of the central skull base in the pediatric population.

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the cutaneous portion of the facial artery in @entity468 and an axial pattern flap based on a branch of this artery. STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Cat cadavers (n=12). METHODS: The common carotid artery was identified, cannulated, and infused with @entity6693 to assist in the identification of the facial artery, which was subsequently cannulated and selectively infused with @entity6693 . The main trunk of the artery and its branches were dissected. The extent of blue coloration of the skin was evaluated on the contralateral side of the same specimen after infusing @entity6693 into the facial artery. In 4 specimens, the flap was raised along previously defined borders and adequacy of perfusion was evaluated. RESULTS: The area of skin perfused by the facial artery extended from the lower eyelid dorsally, to the angularis oris cranially, and the wing of the atlas caudally. Borders of the skin flap were defined on the basis of the anatomic dissection and skin coloration after selective infusion of the facial artery with @entity6693 . A skin flap of 6 cm   3.4 cm, based on the first caudally directed cutaneous branch of the facial artery was shown to be well perfused. The viability of this flap was confirmed in a clinical case. CONCLUSION: The facial artery flap is useful for repair of skin defects of the head in @entity468 .

title: Axial pattern flap based on a cutaneous branch of the facial artery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) on cranial tibial thrust (CrTT), retropatellar force (RPF), patellar tendon load (PTL), and patellar tendon angle determined by the tibial plateau angle ( @entity865 ( @entity865 ) ) method or common tangent ( @entity865 (CT) ) method in the @entity235 cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifle joint. STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo cadaver study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Cadaveric @entity235 hind limbs (n=30). METHODS: Stifle joints were subjected to 3 differing loading conditions using a constrained limb press model (Group 1: 30% body weight axial load at stifle and talocrural joint angles of 135    5   and 145    5  , respectively; Group 2: 30% body weight axial load at stifle and talocrural angles of 145    5   and 135    5  , respectively; and Group 3: 50% body weight axial load at stifle and talocrural joint angles of 135    5   and 145    5  , respectively). The CrCL was transected in situ under load; sensors allowed direct measurement of CrTT, RPF, and PTL. Lateral radiographic projections were used to assess @entity865 ( @entity865 ) and @entity865 (CT) . Descriptive statistics were used to report CrTT (by design this force returned to 0-point values, defined as the neutral point of advancement [NPA]). At the NPA, RPF was compared with baseline using a 2-tailed sign test. PTL within groups were compared using a paired t-test; pair-wise comparisons of @entity865 ( @entity865 ) and @entity865 (CT) were performed using a paired t-test. Comparisons between loading conditions were made with a 1-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Equivalence tests were used to test mean @entity865 ( @entity865 ) and @entity865 (CT) for equivalence to 90  . Significance was set at a P-value of .05. RESULTS: CrTT returned to baseline values, and RPF and PTL at NPA were reduced below baseline values in all specimens in a near linear fashion with TTA. At the NPA, @entity865 ( @entity865 ) > @entity865 (CT) in 2 of the 3 loading conditions, but insufficient evidence to suggest they differed in the third. Mean @entity865 ( @entity865 ) and @entity865 (CT) varied between loading conditions. The threshold for each of the groups evaluated, at which the @entity865 could be significantly different from 90  , was larger for @entity865 ( @entity865 ) than @entity865 (CT) in all groups, as greater variation was observed with @entity865 ( @entity865 ) versus @entity865 (CT) . CONCLUSION: This study further supports the claim that reduction of CrTT occurs after TTA in the @entity942 stifle joint through an alteration of @entity865 . Additionally, RPF and PTL also decrease after TTA. The @entity865 (CT) may be a more precise method of determining @entity865 .

title: Ex vivo biomechanical evaluation of the XXXX cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifle with varying angles of stifle joint flexion and axial loads after tibial tuberosity advancement.

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['CrCL-deficient']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: AIMS: This study investigated the prevalence of @entity14052 among non-treatment seeking female students at the College of Nursing Kuwait. It also explored the effects of the disorder on their academic performance as shown by their grade point average and rate of absenteeism at clinical training. BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 worldwide are unaware of this distressing @entity1866 which affects about 3-8% of @entity1 of childbearing age. The cyclical mood symptoms often appear during the last week prior to the onset of menstruation. These symptoms interfere with sufferers activities of daily living including occupational, biopsychosocial and sexual activities. DESIGN: A prospective observational study. METHODS: The study used an adapted Arabic version of Daily Record of Severity of Problem for two menstrual cycles to collect data from 110 nursing students. RESULT: Data analysis showed Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the adapted tool was 0  95. The rate of @entity14052 was 5  6%. Hypotheses tested showed no significant effect on students' academic performance but a significant association with absenteeism at clinical training. CONCLUSION: The rate obtained in this study was similar to those from recent studies. @entity1 with high luteal scores believe that the condition have lowered their quality of life by making them choose to be in isolation during the period. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nursing students' absenteeism rate at clinical training is a predictor of their work absence pattern after qualification. Absenteeism due to @entity14052 , a @entity74 will be of monthly occurrences if sufferers do not sought medical treatment. Registered nurses absenteeism will not only result in shortage of trained nursing personnel, but also lowered standard of client care. It also has cost implications as temporary substitute staff may have to be employed during their period of absence or sick leave. This has implications for nursing management.

title: XXXX : prevalence and effects on nursing students' academic performance and clinical training in Kuwait.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual disorder']

entities_list: @entity14052 :: ('MESH:D065446', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual dysphoric disorder', 'Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cyclic monthly disorder']

answer: @entity14052 :: (MESH:D065446,Disease) :: ['Premenstrual dysphoric disorder']


abstract: It is hard to discriminate @entity2590 ( @entity4289 ) from many benign @entity1503 . To identify the methylation status of @entity11178 gene in @entity4289 , the methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were applied to detect the @entity4289 cell line MUTZ-1, bone marrow of a healthy donor and an @entity2150 @entity1 . MS-PCR was also employed to detect the bone marrow of 72 @entity1 with benign @entity1503 , 35 @entity309 @entity1 , and 20 @entity4289 -like @entity1 . The results showed that @entity4289 cell line MUTZ-1 displayed complete methylation of @entity11178 promoter without mRNA expression. Inversely, a @entity1 with benign @entity1503 and a donor with normal bone marrow showed complete unmethylation of this gene with unaffected mRNA expression. No @entity11178 promoter methylation was detected in @entity1 with benign @entity1503 , while aberrant hypermethylation of @entity11178 gene promoter were found in 48.6% (18/37) of @entity309 @entity1 . The positive rate of @entity11178 methylation in @entity309 @entity1 was higher than that in @entity1 with benign @entity1503 (p < 0.05). Seven suspected @entity4289 @entity1 manifested hypermethylation status of @entity11178 gene (7/20), 2 were followed up for 1 year and transformed into @entity4289 . It is concluded that relatively high hypermethylation rate of @entity11178 promoter is observed in @entity309 , and no methylation in @entity1 with benign @entity1503 . Therefore, @entity11178 gene hypermethylation may be served as a useful epigenetic marker in the differential diagnosis for @entity4289 .

title: [Significance of methylation status of @entity11178 gene in differential diagnosis for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological disease', 'hematological diseases']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: It is hard to discriminate @entity2590 ( @entity4289 ) from many benign @entity1503 . To identify the methylation status of @entity11178 gene in @entity4289 , the methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) were applied to detect the @entity4289 cell line MUTZ-1, bone marrow of a healthy donor and an @entity2150 @entity1 . MS-PCR was also employed to detect the bone marrow of 72 @entity1 with benign @entity1503 , 35 @entity309 @entity1 , and 20 @entity4289 -like @entity1 . The results showed that @entity4289 cell line MUTZ-1 displayed complete methylation of @entity11178 promoter without mRNA expression. Inversely, a @entity1 with benign @entity1503 and a donor with normal bone marrow showed complete unmethylation of this gene with unaffected mRNA expression. No @entity11178 promoter methylation was detected in @entity1 with benign @entity1503 , while aberrant hypermethylation of @entity11178 gene promoter were found in 48.6% (18/37) of @entity309 @entity1 . The positive rate of @entity11178 methylation in @entity309 @entity1 was higher than that in @entity1 with benign @entity1503 (p < 0.05). Seven suspected @entity4289 @entity1 manifested hypermethylation status of @entity11178 gene (7/20), 2 were followed up for 1 year and transformed into @entity4289 . It is concluded that relatively high hypermethylation rate of @entity11178 promoter is observed in @entity309 , and no methylation in @entity1 with benign @entity1503 . Therefore, @entity11178 gene hypermethylation may be served as a useful epigenetic marker in the differential diagnosis for @entity4289 .

title: [Significance of methylation status of XXXX gene in differential diagnosis for @entity2590 ].

answer: @entity11178 :: (7082,Gene) :: ['zo-1']


abstract: A @entity1 in her late sixties had an operation for ascending @entity694 15 months before her current admission. The pathological finding was T3(mod. SE), @entity12024 , M0, Stage IV. She had received chemotherapy after her operation. The first-line therapy comprised 15 courses of FOLFOX6 (from 14 to 5 months before admission). Her second-line chemotherapy comprised 6 courses of FOLFOX6+bevacizumab (BV) (from 3 to 2 months before admission). The third-line chemotherapy comprised 3 courses of FOLFIRI+BV (from 40 to 11 days before admission). She developed a high fever and @entity1576 3 days before admission. On admission to our hospital, her chest X-ray and CT showed ground-grass opacities in bilateral lung fields. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed a predominance of lymphocytes without any evidence of @entity281 . We diagnosed the @entity1 as a case of @entity651 caused by anticancer drugs. @entity134 therapy was implemented, and her fever, @entity1576 , and @entity764 disappeared. @entity134 therapy was stopped 6 months later and subsequently @entity651 did not recur. Judging by the progress seen in this case, we concluded that her @entity651 was due to @entity2600 . We continued the chemotherapy for her @entity694 by prescribing S-1, it proved ineffective. The @entity1 died from the @entity694 27 months after her operation.

title: [A case of drug-induced @entity651 associated with chemotherapy (FOLFOX6, FOLFIRI, Bevacizumab) for an advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest X-ray abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: A @entity1 in her late sixties had an operation for ascending @entity694 15 months before her current admission. The pathological finding was T3(mod. SE), @entity12024 , M0, Stage IV. She had received chemotherapy after her operation. The first-line therapy comprised 15 courses of FOLFOX6 (from 14 to 5 months before admission). Her second-line chemotherapy comprised 6 courses of FOLFOX6+bevacizumab (BV) (from 3 to 2 months before admission). The third-line chemotherapy comprised 3 courses of FOLFIRI+BV (from 40 to 11 days before admission). She developed a high fever and @entity1576 3 days before admission. On admission to our hospital, her chest X-ray and CT showed ground-grass opacities in bilateral lung fields. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed a predominance of lymphocytes without any evidence of @entity281 . We diagnosed the @entity1 as a case of @entity651 caused by anticancer drugs. @entity134 therapy was implemented, and her fever, @entity1576 , and @entity764 disappeared. @entity134 therapy was stopped 6 months later and subsequently @entity651 did not recur. Judging by the progress seen in this case, we concluded that her @entity651 was due to @entity2600 . We continued the chemotherapy for her @entity694 by prescribing S-1, it proved ineffective. The @entity1 died from the @entity694 27 months after her operation.

title: [A case of drug-induced XXXX associated with chemotherapy (FOLFOX6, FOLFIRI, Bevacizumab) for an advanced @entity694 ].

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although animal studies have indicated that general anesthetics may result in widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration and @entity149 in the developing brain, results from @entity1 studies are scarce. We investigated the association between exposure to surgery and anesthesia for @entity169 in infancy and subsequent academic performance. METHODS: Using Danish birth cohorts from 1986-1990, we compared the academic performance of all @entity1 who had undergone @entity169 in infancy to a randomly selected, age-matched 5% population sample. Primary analysis compared average test scores at ninth grade adjusting for sex, birth weight, and paternal and maternal age and education. Secondary analysis compared the proportions of @entity1 not attaining test scores between the two groups. RESULTS: From 1986-1990 in Denmark, 2,689 @entity1 underwent @entity169 in infancy. A randomly selected, age-matched 5% population sample consists of 14,575 individuals. Although the exposure group performed worse than the control group (average score 0.26 lower; 95% CI, 0.21-0.31), after adjusting for known confounders, no statistically significant difference (-0.04; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.01) between the exposure and control groups could be demonstrated. However, the odds ratio for test score nonattainment associated with @entity169 was 1.18 (95% CI, 1.04-1.35). Excluding from analyses @entity1 with other @entity600 , the difference in mean test scores remained nearly unchanged (0.05; 95% CI, 0.00-0.11). In addition, the increased proportion of test score nonattainment within the exposure group was attenuated (odds ratio = 1.13; 95% CI, 0.98-1.31). CONCLUSION: In the ethnically and socioeconomically homogeneous Danish population, we found no evidence that a single, relatively brief anesthetic exposure in connection with hernia repair in infancy reduced academic performance at age 15 or 16 yr after adjusting for known confounding factors. However, the higher test score nonattainment rate among the hernia group could suggest that a subgroup of these @entity1 are developmentally disadvantaged compared with the background population.

title: Academic performance in adolescence after XXXX in infancy: a nationwide cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']