abstract: @entity1 suffering from severe @entity2026 have to rely on non-verbal means of communication to convey a message. However, to date it is not clear which @entity1 are able to do so. Clinical experience indicates that some @entity1 use non-verbal communication strategies like gesturing very efficiently whereas others fail to transmit semantic content by non-verbal means. Concerns have been expressed that limb @entity1742 would affect the production of communicative gestures. Research investigating if and how @entity1742 influences the production of communicative gestures, led to contradictory outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of limb @entity1742 on spontaneous gesturing. Further, linguistic and non-verbal semantic processing abilities were explored as potential factors that might influence non-verbal expression in aphasic @entity1 . Twenty-four aphasic @entity1 with highly limited verbal output were asked to retell short video-clips. The narrations were videotaped. Gestural communication was analyzed in two ways. In the first part of the study, we used a form-based approach. Physiological and kinetic aspects of hand movements were transcribed with a notation system for sign languages. We determined the formal diversity of the hand gestures as an indicator of potential richness of the transmitted information. In the second part of the study, comprehensibility of the @entity1 ' gestural communication was evaluated by naive raters. The raters were familiarized with the model video-clips and shown the recordings of the @entity1 ' retelling without sound. They were asked to indicate, for each narration, which story was being told and which aspects of the stories they recognized. The results indicate that non-verbal faculties are the most important prerequisites for the production of hand gestures. Whereas results on standardized @entity2026 testing did not correlate with any gestural indices, non-verbal semantic processing abilities predicted the formal diversity of hand gestures while @entity1742 predicted the comprehensibility of gesturing.

title: Non-verbal communication in severe @entity2026 : influence of @entity2026 , XXXX , or semantic processing?

answer: @entity1742 :: (MESH:D001072,Disease) :: ['apraxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biopsy with demonstration of the infectious organism is the gold standard for diagnosing @entity1512 . The purpose of this study is to evaluate the positive culture rate of image-guided percutaneous biopsy in cases of radiologically suspected and unsuspected @entity4034 and to assess the role of pathology in diagnosis. METHODS: With IRB approval and in compliance with HIPAA regulations, the charts of @entity1 undergoing 323 consecutive image-guided percutaneous spinal biopsies performed by one musculoskeletal radiology department between January 2001 and March 2007 were reviewed. Image guidance was via fluoroscopy or computed tomography. Radiological and clinical suspicion, cultures, and pathology were assessed and compared to previously published reports. RESULTS: In 92 cases radiographically and clinically consistent with @entity281 (high probability of @entity281 ), 28 specimens yielded positive cultures (30.4%). Positive cultures resulted from 5 of 31 cases (16.1%) radiographically indeterminate for @entity281 (intermediate probability of @entity5 ). When radiographically not suggestive of @entity281 (low probability of @entity281 , i.e. suspicious for @entity5 ), 10 of 200 cultures were positive (5.0%). From 113 cases sent to pathology with an intermediate or high suspicion for @entity281 , 63 were histopathologically diagnosed as such (55.8%). Cultures were positive in 19 of those 63 cases (30.2%). Culture and/or pathology was positive in 73 (64.6%) of the 113 cases. There were no significant differences in rates of positive culture or pathology by vertebral region (p=0.51, p=0.81). The most frequently identified organisms were @entity794 (13) and coagulase negative staphylococci (13). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the positive culture rate of percutaneous spinal biopsy specimens is 30.4% with radiographically high probability for @entity281 , which is lower than previously published. Infection may also be present in cases with imaging characteristics atypical for @entity281 (5.0%). Careful consideration must be given to the interpretation of negative culture results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: This retrospective review of 323 consecutive percutaneous spine biopsies is level III evidence.

title: Percutaneous needle biopsy in diagnosis and identification of causative organisms in cases of suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'infection versus tumor']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['spinal osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['vertebral osteomyelitis']


abstract: Four @entity1 with @entity215 ( @entity215 ) and @entity10973 ( @entity10973 ) underwent successful intracardiac repair. All @entity1 had undergone preliminary palliative shunts. Associated @entity65 included muscular @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) and left superior vena cava (one @entity1 ), bilateral main @entity849 (one @entity1 ), and right aortic arch (two @entity1 ). The diagnosis was suspected clinically by electrocardiographic evidence of @entity8158 and @entity1347 , by echocardiographic findings suggestive of @entity10973 with aortic dextroposition, and by the association with trisomy 21. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization and cineangiography. Total correction consisted of closure of the @entity1757 and @entity118 ( @entity118 ), reconstruction of the @entity340 , and relief of the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO). There were no early or late postoperative deaths. @entity616 did not occur. One @entity1 underwent successful reoperation for residual @entity1757 and right ventricular outflow @entity439 . Late hemodynamic evaluation revealed good results in all @entity1 . We recommend a staged treatment plan consisting of preliminary systemic--pulmonary artery shunting for symptomatic @entity1 under 4 to 5 years of age and total correction for older @entity1 . With proper preoperative diagnosis and accurate intracardiac repair, good results may be obtained after total correction of @entity215 and @entity10973 .

title: Results of total correction of XXXX with @entity10973 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior hemiblock']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity10973 :: ('MESH:C535974', 'Disease') :: ['CAVC', 'complete atrioventricular canal']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valves']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['Surgically induced complete heart block']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: Four @entity1 with @entity215 ( @entity215 ) and @entity10973 ( @entity10973 ) underwent successful intracardiac repair. All @entity1 had undergone preliminary palliative shunts. Associated @entity65 included muscular @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) and left superior vena cava (one @entity1 ), bilateral main @entity849 (one @entity1 ), and right aortic arch (two @entity1 ). The diagnosis was suspected clinically by electrocardiographic evidence of @entity8158 and @entity1347 , by echocardiographic findings suggestive of @entity10973 with aortic dextroposition, and by the association with trisomy 21. The diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization and cineangiography. Total correction consisted of closure of the @entity1757 and @entity118 ( @entity118 ), reconstruction of the @entity340 , and relief of the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO). There were no early or late postoperative deaths. @entity616 did not occur. One @entity1 underwent successful reoperation for residual @entity1757 and right ventricular outflow @entity439 . Late hemodynamic evaluation revealed good results in all @entity1 . We recommend a staged treatment plan consisting of preliminary systemic--pulmonary artery shunting for symptomatic @entity1 under 4 to 5 years of age and total correction for older @entity1 . With proper preoperative diagnosis and accurate intracardiac repair, good results may be obtained after total correction of @entity215 and @entity10973 .

title: Results of total correction of @entity215 with XXXX .

answer: @entity10973 :: (MESH:C535974,Disease) :: ['complete atrioventricular canal']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with @entity3949 sway more than control individuals while standing. This review specifically evaluated whether @entity1897 can be the only fundamental reason accounting for significant increased sway within this population. METHODS: Twenty-six experimental articles were selected using MEDLINE and reference lists of relevant articles. The articles chosen investigated kinematic data of postural behaviour in controls and individuals with @entity3949 during stance. Results of literature were compared with four expectations related to the @entity1897 fundamental hypothesis. FINDINGS: Consistent with the @entity1897 hypothesis, the literature showed that individuals with @entity3949 sway more than controls in quiet stance and even more so if their visual or vestibular systems were perturbed. Inconsistent with the hypothesis, individuals with @entity3949 are more destabilised than controls in conditions altering sensation of the feet and legs (standing on a sway-referenced surface). INTERPRETATION: The review showed that the @entity1897 hypothesis may not be the only fundamental cause accounting for significant increased postural sway in individuals with @entity3949 . @entity227 and changes in postural coordination may explain the divergence between expectations and results. In order to develop interventions aimed at improving postural control in individuals with @entity3949 , scientific exploration of these new expectations should be detailed. Also at the practical level, the review discussed which additional sensory information - at the level of the hands and feet - may be more beneficial in individuals with @entity3949 to reduce their postural sway.

title: XXXX may not be the only fundamental reason explaining increased sway in diabetic individuals.

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual impairments']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity439 repair (EVAR) has reduced early adverse outcomes from @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair. Preferential use of EVAR may have altered the profile of @entity1 who undergo open repair. The validity of scoring systems such as the Glasgow @entity439 Score (GAS), devised when open surgery was the only treatment, required reappraisal. METHODS: @entity1 were identified from a database of @entity1 undergoing elective infrarenal aneurysm repair at seven United Kingdom centers, and the GAS was calculated for each @entity1 . Discrimination and calibration were calculated to determine the performance of the model in this setting using the C statistic, tertile analysis, and the   (2) test. Univariate analysis was performed to determine if a new iteration of the GAS could be produced. RESULTS: We identified 330 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria. There were 18 deaths  <=30 days of surgery (5.4%). The average (standard deviation) GAS was 78.6 (8.8) for the survivors and 81.9 (10.4) for nonsurvivors (P = .122). The C statistic was 0.625 (95% confidence interval, 0.481-0.769; P = .75) suggesting a discriminatory ability not much better than chance alone. Despite this, calibration of the model was good. There was no significant difference in the comorbidities of either group, so no recalibration of the GAS could be performed. CONCLUSION: The GAS did not discriminate between survivors and nonsurvivors after open @entity1028 repair in this cohort. In the era of EVAR, it is possible that the GAS does not predict the outcome of open @entity1028 repair. An alternative explanation is that @entity1 with risk factors for poor outcomes from EVAR, such as adverse @entity1028 morphology, are being selected out for open repair.

title: The Glasgow @entity439 Score does not predict mortality after open @entity1028 in the era of XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm', 'Endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity439 repair (EVAR) has reduced early adverse outcomes from @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair. Preferential use of EVAR may have altered the profile of @entity1 who undergo open repair. The validity of scoring systems such as the Glasgow @entity439 Score (GAS), devised when open surgery was the only treatment, required reappraisal. METHODS: @entity1 were identified from a database of @entity1 undergoing elective infrarenal aneurysm repair at seven United Kingdom centers, and the GAS was calculated for each @entity1 . Discrimination and calibration were calculated to determine the performance of the model in this setting using the C statistic, tertile analysis, and the   (2) test. Univariate analysis was performed to determine if a new iteration of the GAS could be produced. RESULTS: We identified 330 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria. There were 18 deaths  <=30 days of surgery (5.4%). The average (standard deviation) GAS was 78.6 (8.8) for the survivors and 81.9 (10.4) for nonsurvivors (P = .122). The C statistic was 0.625 (95% confidence interval, 0.481-0.769; P = .75) suggesting a discriminatory ability not much better than chance alone. Despite this, calibration of the model was good. There was no significant difference in the comorbidities of either group, so no recalibration of the GAS could be performed. CONCLUSION: The GAS did not discriminate between survivors and nonsurvivors after open @entity1028 repair in this cohort. In the era of EVAR, it is possible that the GAS does not predict the outcome of open @entity1028 repair. An alternative explanation is that @entity1 with risk factors for poor outcomes from EVAR, such as adverse @entity1028 morphology, are being selected out for open repair.

title: The Glasgow XXXX Score does not predict mortality after open @entity1028 in the era of @entity439 repair.

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity439 repair (EVAR) has reduced early adverse outcomes from @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair. Preferential use of EVAR may have altered the profile of @entity1 who undergo open repair. The validity of scoring systems such as the Glasgow @entity439 Score (GAS), devised when open surgery was the only treatment, required reappraisal. METHODS: @entity1 were identified from a database of @entity1 undergoing elective infrarenal aneurysm repair at seven United Kingdom centers, and the GAS was calculated for each @entity1 . Discrimination and calibration were calculated to determine the performance of the model in this setting using the C statistic, tertile analysis, and the   (2) test. Univariate analysis was performed to determine if a new iteration of the GAS could be produced. RESULTS: We identified 330 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria. There were 18 deaths  <=30 days of surgery (5.4%). The average (standard deviation) GAS was 78.6 (8.8) for the survivors and 81.9 (10.4) for nonsurvivors (P = .122). The C statistic was 0.625 (95% confidence interval, 0.481-0.769; P = .75) suggesting a discriminatory ability not much better than chance alone. Despite this, calibration of the model was good. There was no significant difference in the comorbidities of either group, so no recalibration of the GAS could be performed. CONCLUSION: The GAS did not discriminate between survivors and nonsurvivors after open @entity1028 repair in this cohort. In the era of EVAR, it is possible that the GAS does not predict the outcome of open @entity1028 repair. An alternative explanation is that @entity1 with risk factors for poor outcomes from EVAR, such as adverse @entity1028 morphology, are being selected out for open repair.

title: The Glasgow @entity439 Score does not predict mortality after open XXXX in the era of @entity439 repair.

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to examine contemporary management of primary @entity449 in a single center. We have previously reported the management of @entity449 in 15 @entity1 between 1991 and 2001, and we hypothesized that management would change in the light of the evolution of endovascular aortic repair. METHODS: A review of a prospectively collected database (2002-2009) of all @entity1 presenting with @entity5880 . RESULTS: A total of 19 @entity439 were identified in 17 @entity1 (12 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ) with a median age of 66.2 years (range, 49-82 years). All were symptomatic, and nine had contained @entity397 . There were five infrarenal, two juxtarenal, three Crawford type III, four type @entity2334 , and five descending @entity439 in the series. All @entity439 were excluded by @entity439 repair. Two @entity1 underwent visceral hybrid endografting for @entity2334 ; the third was treated with open repair. Four @entity1 underwent open type IV repair. Two of the @entity439 were treated with bifurcated @entity439 repair, and the other three and both juxtarenals with open repair with in situ reconstruction. There were three early (17.6%) and three late deaths (17.6%). The median follow-up was 30.5 months (range, 1-102 months). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the latest series show that open surgery is still required in many cases. The introduction of endovascular techniques in the exclusion of @entity5880 can be accomplished with acceptable results, and endovascular treatment has increased the therapeutic options for a difficult condition.

title: The changing management of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms', 'type III thoracic aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'thoracic endovascular aneurysm', 'thoracic aneurysms', 'infrarenal aneurysms']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['mycotic aortic aneurysms']


abstract: CONTEXT: Hospice care has increasingly been shown to affect quality of palliative care at both the individual and institutional levels. However, an institutional effect has only been addressed in single comprehensive @entity5 centers/selected community hospitals. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of an inpatient hospice unit on the parent hospital's quality of palliative care. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using administrative data from the entire population of 204,850 Taiwanese pediatric and adult @entity5 @entity1 who died in 2001-2006. Outcome variables were adjusted by multivariate logistic regression for five groups of confounding variables: 1) @entity1 demographics and disease characteristics, 2) primary hospital characteristics, 3) primary physician specialty, 4) health care resources at the hospital and regional levels, and 5) historical trend. RESULTS: Taiwanese @entity5 @entity1 who received primary care in a hospital with an inpatient hospice unit (whether or not they received hospice care) were significantly less likely to be intubated (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58, 0.86) and use mechanical ventilation support (AOR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.87) in their last month of life. They also were more likely to use hospice care before death (AOR: 3.51; 95% CI: 1.57, 7.86). Furthermore, if they used hospice care, they tended to be referred earlier than @entity5 @entity1 being cared for in a hospital without an inpatient hospice unit. CONCLUSION: Integrating both acute care and palliative care approaches to caring for terminally ill @entity5 @entity1 in the same hospital may influence the quality of palliative care throughout the hospital as evidenced by our findings that these @entity1 have lower likelihood of being intubated with mechanical ventilation support in the last month of life, greater propensity to receive hospice care in the last year of life, and a trend toward earlier referral to hospice care. The generalizability of these results may be limited to @entity1 who died of a noncancer cause and by the two groups not being exactly matched for @entity1 ' characteristics.

title: Impact of availability of an inpatient hospice unit on the parent hospital's quality of palliative care for Taiwanese XXXX decedents, 2001-2006.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of a home-based computer orthoptic program to treat symptomatic @entity1319 . METHODS: A retrospective review of consecutive @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1319 treated with a home-based computer orthoptic program was performed. Symptomatic @entity1319 was defined as: @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) >6 cm, decreased positive fusional vergence, exophoria at near at least 4(/\) greater than at far, and documented complaints of @entity16479 , @entity892 , or @entity10 with reading or near work. The Computer Orthoptics CVS program was used for this study. Before beginning the computer orthoptic program, @entity1 with an @entity1166 >50 cm were given 4 base-in prisms and push-up exercises ( @entity1166 exercises with an accommodative target) for 2 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 42 @entity1 were included. Mean treatment duration was 12.6 weeks; mean follow-up, 8.5 months. Of the 42 @entity1 , 35 were treated with the home-based computer orthoptic program and push-up exercises; the remaining 7 only used the computer orthoptic program. Because of a remote @entity1166 , 5 @entity1 were given base-in Fresnel prism before starting treatment. Baseline mean @entity1166 was 24.2 cm; posttreatment mean @entity1166 improved to 5.6 cm: 39 @entity1 (92.8%) achieved an @entity1166 of  <=6 cm (p < 0.001). Positive fusional vergence improved in 39 @entity1 (92.8%). Fourteen @entity1 reduced their near exophoria by >= 5(/\). A total of 27 @entity1 (64.2%) reported resolution of symptoms after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, home-based computer orthoptic exercises reduced symptoms and improved @entity1166 and fusional amplitudes. The computer orthoptic program is an effective option for treating symptomatic @entity1319 .

title: Treatment of symptomatic XXXX with a home-based computer orthoptic exercise program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16479 :: ('MESH:D001248', 'Disease') :: ['asthenopia']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['NPC', 'near point of convergence']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['convergence insufficiency']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['convergence insufficiency']


abstract: Quantitative analyses of the bound water content in the @entity167 aqueous solution and its osmotic behavior should be cryobiologically significant. This paper has presented two applications of the thermogram of the @entity167 /water system recorded by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Both applications are: (1) generating the quantitative relationship between the bound water content and the solution composition; (2) calculating the osmotic virial coefficients for @entity4313 . Five @entity4313 including @entity1042 , @entity1068 , @entity10977 , @entity2771 and @entity653 are investigated. In the present study, partial binary phase diagrams of these five @entity167 solutions are determined in the first place. The bound water contents in these solutions are quantitatively evaluated by three criteria afterwards. In the end, the osmotic virial coefficients for these @entity4313 are calculated according to the osmotic virial equation. It is turned out that the bound water fraction out of the total water content increases with a rising molality. The ability of the solute to restrict water molecules can be weakened when the solution becomes more concentrated. The results also indicate that @entity2771 should be the strongest "water-blocker" while @entity1042 the weakest one. These findings can deepen our understanding of the cryoprotective properties of the @entity4313 from the perspectives of their roles in binding free water and promoting the osmotic efflux of cell water.

title: Two applications of the thermogram of the XXXX /water binary system with compositions of cryobiological interests.

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity6126 is common in ageing @entity1 ; its natural history and predisposing factors are unclear. OBJECTIVES: 1) To identify factors which predispose eugonadal @entity1 (T >= 10.5nmol/L) to develop biochemical @entity6126 (T<10.5nmol/L, LH <=9.4U/L) and secondary hypogonadal @entity1 to recover to eugonadism. 2) To characterize clinical features associated with these transitions. DESIGN: Prospective observational general population cohort survey. SETTING: Clinical research centres. @entity1 : 3369 community-dwelling @entity1 aged 40-79 yr in eight European centres. INTERVENTION: Observational follow-up of 4.3 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Subjects were categorised according to change/no change in biochemical gonadal status during follow-up into persistent eugonadal (n=1909), incident secondary hypogonadal (n=140), persistent secondary hypogonadal (n=123) and recovered from @entity6126 to eugonadism (n=96). Baseline predictors and changes in clinical features associated with incident @entity6126 and recovery from @entity6126 were analysed by regression models. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity6126 was 155.9/10,000/year, while 42.9% of @entity1 with @entity6126 recovered to eugonadism. Incident @entity6126 was predicted by obesity [BMI>= 30kg/m(2): odds ratio (OR)=2.86 (95% confidence interval 1.67;4.90); p<0.0001], @entity1017 [OR=1.79 (1.15;2.80);p=0.011] and increased waist circumference [OR=1.73 (1.07;2.81); p=0.026 and 2.64 (1.66;4.21);p<0.0001, for waist circumference 94-102 and >= 102 cm, respectively]. Incident secondary hypogonadal @entity1 experienced new/worsening sexual symptoms [low libido, @entity323 and infrequent spontaneous erections]. Recovery from @entity6126 was predicted by non-obesity [OR=2.28 (1.21;4.31); p=0.011], @entity353 [OR=2.24 (1.04;4.85); p=0.042], normal waist circumference [OR=1.93 (1.01;3.70); p=0.048], younger age [<60yr OR=2.32 (1.12;4.82); p=0.024] and higher education [OR=2.11 (1.05;4.26); p=0.037], but symptoms did not show significant concurrent improvement. CONCLUSION: Obesity-related metabolic and lifestyle factors predispose older @entity1 to the development of @entity6126 , which is frequently reversible with @entity353 .

title: Development of and Recovery from Secondary Hypogonadism in Ageing XXXX : Prospective Results from the EMAS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary hypogonadism', 'secondary hypogonadism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate CT- @entity536 of residual masses in @entity1 with follicular @entity1893 (FL) at end-treatment compared to baseline mass density and determine its potential prognostic relevance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 52 consecutive @entity1 with FL presenting with residual masses after chemotherapy receiving whole-body-CECT at baseline, end-treatment, and post-treatment were identified retrospectively by a search of our electronic medical record database from 2002 through 2010. An @entity536 ( @entity536 ), defined as the quotient of CT-attenuation [HU] between @entity5 and muscle was measured. Size was recorded as the product of long- and short-axis diameter of masses. In 38/52 @entity1 a follow-up period of >=  2 years was available to correlate results with relapse-free survival. RESULTS: @entity536 and @entity5 size of masses significantly decreased in responders when baseline was compared to end-treatment (n = 70; p < 0.05, respectively). An increase in both, @entity536 and size was recorded in case of relapse (n = 14; p < 0.05, respectively). 12/53 masses initially responded to therapy but relapsed within the consecutive 2-year period. The mean time to relapse was 13.5 months (range 5-24 months). @entity536 measured at the time of end-control was significantly lower in masses remaining stable for >=  2 years (n = 41) compared to masses with relapse during 2-year follow-up (n = 12; p < 0.05). At a threshold of an @entity536 >1 at end-control the specificity and sensitivity for relapsing disease within 2 years reached 83% and 75%, respectively. CONCLUSION: CT-attenuation measurements of residual masses in @entity1 with FL at end-control may aid in the risk stratification of early ( <= 2 years) relapsing disease.

title: Size and attenuation CT (SACT) of residual masses in @entity1 with XXXX : more than a status quo?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuation ratio', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['Non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate CT- @entity536 of residual masses in @entity1 with follicular @entity1893 (FL) at end-treatment compared to baseline mass density and determine its potential prognostic relevance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 52 consecutive @entity1 with FL presenting with residual masses after chemotherapy receiving whole-body-CECT at baseline, end-treatment, and post-treatment were identified retrospectively by a search of our electronic medical record database from 2002 through 2010. An @entity536 ( @entity536 ), defined as the quotient of CT-attenuation [HU] between @entity5 and muscle was measured. Size was recorded as the product of long- and short-axis diameter of masses. In 38/52 @entity1 a follow-up period of >=  2 years was available to correlate results with relapse-free survival. RESULTS: @entity536 and @entity5 size of masses significantly decreased in responders when baseline was compared to end-treatment (n = 70; p < 0.05, respectively). An increase in both, @entity536 and size was recorded in case of relapse (n = 14; p < 0.05, respectively). 12/53 masses initially responded to therapy but relapsed within the consecutive 2-year period. The mean time to relapse was 13.5 months (range 5-24 months). @entity536 measured at the time of end-control was significantly lower in masses remaining stable for >=  2 years (n = 41) compared to masses with relapse during 2-year follow-up (n = 12; p < 0.05). At a threshold of an @entity536 >1 at end-control the specificity and sensitivity for relapsing disease within 2 years reached 83% and 75%, respectively. CONCLUSION: CT-attenuation measurements of residual masses in @entity1 with FL at end-control may aid in the risk stratification of early ( <= 2 years) relapsing disease.

title: Size and attenuation CT (SACT) of residual masses in XXXX with @entity1893 : more than a status quo?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: START-Register - Survey on anTicoagulated @entity1 RegisTer - is an independent, inception-cohort, observational, collaborative database aimed at recording prospectively the clinical history of adult patients starting anticoagulant treatment for any reason and using whatever drug. In this article we present the START-Register and give cross section baseline data focusing on @entity955 ( @entity955 ). @entity1 are asked to insert prospectively consecutive @entity1 recorded as electronic file on the web-site of the registry. Required data are: demographic and clinical characteristics of @entity1 , associated risk factors for @entity64 and @entity548 , laboratory routine data, clinical indication for treatment, expected therapeutic range (in cases of treatment with vitamin K antagonists -VKAs). The follow-up is carried out to record: quality of treatment (for @entity1 on VKAs), @entity548 complications, @entity715 events, and the onset of any type of associated disease. To date 5252 @entity1 have been enrolled; 97.6% were on VKAs because direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) have been available in Italy only recently. The median age was 74 years [interquartile range (IQR) 64-80]; males 53.7%. This analysis is focused on the 3209 (61.1%) @entity955 @entity1 . Mean CHADS2 score was 2.1  1.1, CHADSVASc score was 3.1  1.3;median age was 76 years (IQR 70-81); 168 @entity1 (5.3%) had severe @entity177 [Creatinine clearance (CrCl) <30 ml/min]. Moderate @entity177 (CrCl 30-59 ml/min) was found in 1265 @entity1 (39.5%). The analysis of the START-Register data shows that two-third of @entity1 who started chronic anticoagulant treatment had @entity955 , one-third of them was > 80 years with high prevalence of @entity177 .

title: The Italian START-Register on Anticoagulation with Focus on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['pAtients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['non valvular atrial fibrillation', 'NVAF']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although the protocol of 48 Gy in four fractions over 4 days has been most often employed in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for stage I non-small-cell @entity2 in Japan, higher doses are necessary to control larger @entity5 , and interfraction intervals should be longer than 24 hours to take advantage of reoxygenation. We report the final results of our study testing the following regimen: for @entity5 less than 1.5, 1.5-3, and greater than 3   cm in diameter, 44, 48, and 52 Gy, respectively, were given in four fractions with interfraction intervals of greater than or equal to 3 days. METHODS: Among 180 histologically proven @entity1 entered, 120 were medically inoperable and 60 were operable. The median @entity1 age was 77 years (range, 29-89). SBRT was performed with 6-MV photons using four noncoplanar and three coplanar beams. Isocenter doses of 44, 48, and 52 Gy were given to four, 124, and 52 @entity1 , respectively. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival rate was 52.2% for all 180 @entity1 and 66% for 60 operable @entity1 . The 5-year local control rate was 86% for @entity5 less than or equal to 3   cm (44/48 Gy) and 73% for @entity5 greater than 3   cm (52 Gy; p = 0.076). Grade greater than or equal to 2 radiation @entity55 developed in 13% (10% for the 44/48-Gy group and 21% for the 52-Gy group; p = 0.056). Other grade 2 @entity137 were all less than 4%. CONCLUSIONS: Our first prospective SBRT study yielded reasonable local control and overall survival rates and acceptable @entity137 . Refinement of the protocol including dose escalation may lead to better outcome.

title: Stereotactic body radiotherapy using a radiobiology-based regimen for stage I non-small-cell XXXX : five-year mature results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5123 is the most common @entity5 . It has a tendency of recurrence and malignant transformation. The surgical excision of this lesion continues to be the subject of a major debate. In this study, we discuss optimal surgical options for @entity5123 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed clinical records of 82 @entity1 who underwent surgery. RESULTS: The @entity5 was localized in the superficial lobe in 81.7% of cases. @entity5 of the deep lobe were removed by total parotidectomy. Those of the superficial lobe underwent partial exofacial parotidectomy (7 cases), exofacial parotidectomy (44 cases), or total parotidectomy (16 cases). Transitory @entity3541 was higher after total parotidectomy. Only one @entity1 developed a recurrence, his @entity5 showed capsule infiltration. DISCUSSION: Conventional or partial superficial parotidectomy may be a good compromise with fewer complications and low incidence of recurrence.

title: [Surgery of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'benign tumor of the parotid gland']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['Pleomorphic adenoma', 'pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity5123 :: (MESH:D008949,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2133 is a common and troublesome symptom in palliative care. Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agent that promotes salivation. AIM: This study aimed to test the feasibility of using n-of-1 trials to test pilocarpine drops compared to placebo, for @entity1 of palliative care units with @entity5 , who experienced @entity2133 . DESIGN: This was an N-of-1 study, in which each @entity1 was offered three cycles of pilocarpine drops 4% (6 mg tds) (3 days) and placebo drops (3 days) in random order. SETTING/ @entity1 : @entity1 were @entity1 of specialist palliative care services with @entity5 assessed as having a @entity2133 , defined as having a score of    3 on an 11-point self-rated xerostomia numerical rating scale, from any cause. @entity1 self-completed a diary using validated symptom and quality-of-life scores. The randomisation order was unmasked at the end of each @entity1 's trial by a clinician independent of the trial to allow a treatment decisions for individual @entity1 to be made. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 completed at least 1 cycle; 33 cycles of data were completed in total, comprising 438 doses of pilocarpine. Four @entity1 completed the trial: two responded and two did not. Most withdrawals related to deteriorating condition, unacceptable @entity137 , non-compliance with study procedures or withdrawal of consent. Many issues contributed to slow recruitment and high withdrawal rate. CONCLUSION: The formulation of pilocarpine drops proved unacceptable to most @entity1 . More work is required to determine an appropriate formulation, dose and method of delivery and then a retest of pilocarpine drops for this symptom.

title: Testing pilocarpine drops for @entity2133 in XXXX using n-of-1 trials: A feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'Participants', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dry mouth', 'Dry mouth']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2133 is a common and troublesome symptom in palliative care. Pilocarpine is a cholinergic agent that promotes salivation. AIM: This study aimed to test the feasibility of using n-of-1 trials to test pilocarpine drops compared to placebo, for @entity1 of palliative care units with @entity5 , who experienced @entity2133 . DESIGN: This was an N-of-1 study, in which each @entity1 was offered three cycles of pilocarpine drops 4% (6 mg tds) (3 days) and placebo drops (3 days) in random order. SETTING/ @entity1 : @entity1 were @entity1 of specialist palliative care services with @entity5 assessed as having a @entity2133 , defined as having a score of    3 on an 11-point self-rated xerostomia numerical rating scale, from any cause. @entity1 self-completed a diary using validated symptom and quality-of-life scores. The randomisation order was unmasked at the end of each @entity1 's trial by a clinician independent of the trial to allow a treatment decisions for individual @entity1 to be made. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 completed at least 1 cycle; 33 cycles of data were completed in total, comprising 438 doses of pilocarpine. Four @entity1 completed the trial: two responded and two did not. Most withdrawals related to deteriorating condition, unacceptable @entity137 , non-compliance with study procedures or withdrawal of consent. Many issues contributed to slow recruitment and high withdrawal rate. CONCLUSION: The formulation of pilocarpine drops proved unacceptable to most @entity1 . More work is required to determine an appropriate formulation, dose and method of delivery and then a retest of pilocarpine drops for this symptom.

title: Testing pilocarpine drops for XXXX in @entity5 using n-of-1 trials: A feasibility study.

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['dry mouth']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity3231 , an innate immunity molecule, is encoded by two genes @entity3231 and @entity11028 . The 5' untranslated splice variant of @entity11028 (ABD), but not of @entity3231 (AD), contains exon B (eB). eB is an enhancer for transcription and translation, and contains cis regulatory elements. Specific trans-acting factors, including 14-3-3, bind eB. The 14-3-3 protein family contains 7 isoforms that were found by mass spectrometry to be present in eB electromobility shift assays (REMSA) (AJPLC MP 304:L722, 2013). We investigated whether 14-3-3 isoforms bind directly to eB using four different approaches. i) eB RNA pull down assays showed that 14-3-3 isoforms bind specifically eB. ii) REMSA complexes were formed using purified 14-3-3 isoforms (b, y,   ,   ,   ,   ) with wild type eB RNA, but not with isoform   . Both iii) RNA affinity chromatography assays and vi) Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis showed that 14-3-3 isoforms b, y,   ,   ,   , and   , but not   , bind specifically and directly eB. Inibition of 14-3-3 isoforms y,   ,   , and   /   with shRNAs in @entity1 cells resulted in downregulation of @entity11028 levels, leaving the @entity3231 levels unaffected. However, inhibition of 14-3-3    isoform was correlated with lower levels of both @entity3231 and @entity11028 . Inhibition of 14-3-3   /   isoform that does not bind eB had no effect on the expression levels of @entity3231 and @entity11028 . In conclusion the 14-3-3 protein family affects differential regulation of @entity3231 and @entity11028 by binding directly to @entity11028 5'UTR mRNA.

title: 14-3-3 isoforms bind directly Exon B of the 5'UTR of @entity1 XXXX mRNA.

entities_list: @entity3231 :: ('653509', 'Gene') :: ['SP-A1', 'SFTPA1', 'surfactant protein A']

answer: @entity11028 :: (729238,Gene) :: ['surfactant Protein A2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity3231 , an innate immunity molecule, is encoded by two genes @entity3231 and @entity11028 . The 5' untranslated splice variant of @entity11028 (ABD), but not of @entity3231 (AD), contains exon B (eB). eB is an enhancer for transcription and translation, and contains cis regulatory elements. Specific trans-acting factors, including 14-3-3, bind eB. The 14-3-3 protein family contains 7 isoforms that were found by mass spectrometry to be present in eB electromobility shift assays (REMSA) (AJPLC MP 304:L722, 2013). We investigated whether 14-3-3 isoforms bind directly to eB using four different approaches. i) eB RNA pull down assays showed that 14-3-3 isoforms bind specifically eB. ii) REMSA complexes were formed using purified 14-3-3 isoforms (b, y,   ,   ,   ,   ) with wild type eB RNA, but not with isoform   . Both iii) RNA affinity chromatography assays and vi) Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis showed that 14-3-3 isoforms b, y,   ,   ,   , and   , but not   , bind specifically and directly eB. Inibition of 14-3-3 isoforms y,   ,   , and   /   with shRNAs in @entity1 cells resulted in downregulation of @entity11028 levels, leaving the @entity3231 levels unaffected. However, inhibition of 14-3-3    isoform was correlated with lower levels of both @entity3231 and @entity11028 . Inhibition of 14-3-3   /   isoform that does not bind eB had no effect on the expression levels of @entity3231 and @entity11028 . In conclusion the 14-3-3 protein family affects differential regulation of @entity3231 and @entity11028 by binding directly to @entity11028 5'UTR mRNA.

title: 14-3-3 isoforms bind directly Exon B of the 5'UTR of XXXX @entity11028 mRNA.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite parents' stated desire to treat @entity158 in their @entity1 , recent studies have critiqued their underuse of prescribed analgesics to treat @entity158 in their @entity1 after painful procedures. Parents' analgesic preferences, including their perceived importance of providing @entity158 relief or avoiding adverse drug effects may have important implications for their analgesic decisions, yet no studies have evaluated the influence of preferences on decisions to withhold prescribed opioids for @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: We prospectively explored how parents' preferences influenced decisions to withhold prescribed opioids when faced with hypothetical dilemmas and after hospital discharge. DESIGN: Prospective Observational Study Design: Phase 1 included hypothetical analgesic decisions and Phase 2, real analgesic decisions after hospital discharge. SETTING: Large tertiary care pediatric hospital in the Midwest of the United States. @entity1 : Five-hundred seven parents whose @entity1 underwent a painful surgical procedure requiring an opioid prescription were included. METHODS: At baseline, parents completed surveys assessing their @entity158 relief preference (i.e., their rated importance of @entity158 relief relative to adverse drug event avoidance), preferred treatment thresholds (i.e., @entity158 level at which they would give an opioid), adverse drug event understanding, and hypothetical trade-off decisions (i.e., scenarios presenting variable @entity158 and adverse drug event symptoms in a @entity1 ). After discharge, parents recorded all analgesics they gave their @entity1 as well as @entity158 scores at the time of administration. RESULTS: Higher preference to provide @entity158 relief (over avoid analgesic risk) lessened the likelihood that parents would withhold the prescribed opioid when adverse drug event symptoms were present together with high @entity158 scores in the hypothetical scenarios. Additionally, higher preferred treatment thresholds increased the likelihood of parents withholding opioids during their hypothetical decision-making as well as at home. The strong influence of these preferences weakened the effect of opioid ADE understanding on decisions to withhold opioids when ADEs (i.e., @entity390 / @entity391 or oversedation) were present together with high @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study suggest that preferences strongly influence and may interfere with parents' effective and safe analgesic decision-making when conflicting symptoms (i.e., high @entity158 and an ADE) are present. To improve effective analgesic use, there is a need to shape parents' preferences and improve their understanding of safe actions that will treat @entity158 when ADE symptoms are present.

title: Parents' preferences strongly influence their decisions to withhold prescribed opioids when faced with analgesic trade-off dilemmas for XXXX : A prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Certain hypovirulent Rhizoctonia isolates effectively protect plants against well-known important pathogens among Rhizoctonia isolates as well as against other pathogens. The modes of action involved in this protection include resistance induced in plants by colonization with hypovirulent Rhizoctonia isolates. The qualifications of hypovirulent isolates (efficient protection, rapid growth, effective colonization of the plants, and easy application in the field) provide a significant potential for the development of a commercial microbial preparation for application as biological control agents. Understanding of the modes of action involved in protection is important for improving the various aspects of development and application of such preparations. The hypothesis of the present study is that resistance pathways such as systemic acquired resistance (SAR), induced systemic resistance (ISR), and phytoalexins are induced in plants colonized by the protective hypovirulent Rhizoctonia isolates and are involved in the protection of these plants against pathogenic Rhizoctonia. Changes in protection levels of @entity958 mutants defective in defense-related genes ( @entity14349 -1, @entity14349 -2, ndr1-1, @entity14349 -2/ndr1-1, cim6, wrky70.1, @entity24238 , and pbs3-1) and colonized with the hypovirulent Rhizoctonia isolates compared with that of the wild type (wt) plants colonized with the same isolates confirmed the involvement of induced resistance in the protection of the plants against pathogenic Rhizoctonia spp., although protection levels of mutants constantly expressing SAR genes ( @entity24238 and cim6) were lower than that of wt plants. Plant colonization by hypovirulent Rhizoctonia isolates induced elevated expression levels of the following genes: @entity14352 (SAR), @entity18614 , @entity33951 , @entity71873 , @entity73001 (ISR), and @entity45550 (phytoalexin production), which indicated that all of these pathways were induced in the hypovirulent-colonized plants. When SAR or ISR were induced separately in plants after application of the chemical inducers Bion and @entity19086 , respectively, only ISR activation resulted in a higher protection level against the pathogen, although the protection was minor. In conclusion, plant colonization with the protective hypovirulent Rhizoctonia isolates significantly induced genes involved in the SAR, ISR, and phytoalexin production pathways. In the studied system, SAR probably did not play a major role in the mode of protection against pathogenic Rhizoctonia spp.; however, it may play a more significant role in protection against other pathogens.

title: Assessment of resistance pathways induced in XXXX by hypovirulent Rhizoctonia spp. isolates.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity19086 :: ('MESH:C072239', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl jasmonate']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: Mutations in the genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens can significantly affect the risk of cell transformation and @entity5 development. The resident Lebanese population has experienced a sharp increase in @entity5 incidence within the last few years. The relationship between gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes and @entity1820 incidence was not previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity4187 , @entity5321 , and @entity9164 gene polymorphisms and @entity1820 incidence among Lebanese. Blood and/or paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were collected from @entity1 and healthy controls. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results of the present case-control study show that the studied Lebanese population generally resembles Caucasian populations with respect to the considered polymorphisms. Further, the @entity9164 *0/*0 genotype is a significant risk factor for gastric (odds ratio   =   4.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-14.5) and @entity14 (odds ratio   =   3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.7-8.5); on the other hand, @entity4187 *2A and @entity5321 *6 alone are not significantly associated with @entity1820 development, although @entity4187 *2A was more frequent among @entity1 . A remarkable and statistically significant 36.5-fold increase in the risk of @entity356 was observed among @entity1 with @entity4187 *2A/*2A combined with @entity9164 *0/*0. The investigation of genetic risk factors and susceptibility gene polymorphisms in Lebanese is helpful for better understanding of @entity1820 etiology.

title: XXXX , @entity5321 , and @entity9164 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to @entity14 among Lebanese.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['GI cancer', 'gastrointestinal (GI) cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity4187 :: (1543,Gene) :: ['CYP1A1']


abstract: Mutations in the genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens can significantly affect the risk of cell transformation and @entity5 development. The resident Lebanese population has experienced a sharp increase in @entity5 incidence within the last few years. The relationship between gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes and @entity1820 incidence was not previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity4187 , @entity5321 , and @entity9164 gene polymorphisms and @entity1820 incidence among Lebanese. Blood and/or paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were collected from @entity1 and healthy controls. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results of the present case-control study show that the studied Lebanese population generally resembles Caucasian populations with respect to the considered polymorphisms. Further, the @entity9164 *0/*0 genotype is a significant risk factor for gastric (odds ratio   =   4.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-14.5) and @entity14 (odds ratio   =   3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.7-8.5); on the other hand, @entity4187 *2A and @entity5321 *6 alone are not significantly associated with @entity1820 development, although @entity4187 *2A was more frequent among @entity1 . A remarkable and statistically significant 36.5-fold increase in the risk of @entity356 was observed among @entity1 with @entity4187 *2A/*2A combined with @entity9164 *0/*0. The investigation of genetic risk factors and susceptibility gene polymorphisms in Lebanese is helpful for better understanding of @entity1820 etiology.

title: @entity4187 , XXXX , and @entity9164 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to @entity14 among Lebanese.

answer: @entity5321 :: (1571,Gene) :: ['CYP2E1']


abstract: Mutations in the genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens can significantly affect the risk of cell transformation and @entity5 development. The resident Lebanese population has experienced a sharp increase in @entity5 incidence within the last few years. The relationship between gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes and @entity1820 incidence was not previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity4187 , @entity5321 , and @entity9164 gene polymorphisms and @entity1820 incidence among Lebanese. Blood and/or paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were collected from @entity1 and healthy controls. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results of the present case-control study show that the studied Lebanese population generally resembles Caucasian populations with respect to the considered polymorphisms. Further, the @entity9164 *0/*0 genotype is a significant risk factor for gastric (odds ratio   =   4.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-14.5) and @entity14 (odds ratio   =   3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.7-8.5); on the other hand, @entity4187 *2A and @entity5321 *6 alone are not significantly associated with @entity1820 development, although @entity4187 *2A was more frequent among @entity1 . A remarkable and statistically significant 36.5-fold increase in the risk of @entity356 was observed among @entity1 with @entity4187 *2A/*2A combined with @entity9164 *0/*0. The investigation of genetic risk factors and susceptibility gene polymorphisms in Lebanese is helpful for better understanding of @entity1820 etiology.

title: @entity4187 , @entity5321 , and @entity9164 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to XXXX among Lebanese.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal and gastric cancer']


abstract: Mutations in the genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens can significantly affect the risk of cell transformation and @entity5 development. The resident Lebanese population has experienced a sharp increase in @entity5 incidence within the last few years. The relationship between gene polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes and @entity1820 incidence was not previously investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity4187 , @entity5321 , and @entity9164 gene polymorphisms and @entity1820 incidence among Lebanese. Blood and/or paraffin-embedded biopsy samples were collected from @entity1 and healthy controls. The genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The results of the present case-control study show that the studied Lebanese population generally resembles Caucasian populations with respect to the considered polymorphisms. Further, the @entity9164 *0/*0 genotype is a significant risk factor for gastric (odds ratio   =   4.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2-14.5) and @entity14 (odds ratio   =   3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.7-8.5); on the other hand, @entity4187 *2A and @entity5321 *6 alone are not significantly associated with @entity1820 development, although @entity4187 *2A was more frequent among @entity1 . A remarkable and statistically significant 36.5-fold increase in the risk of @entity356 was observed among @entity1 with @entity4187 *2A/*2A combined with @entity9164 *0/*0. The investigation of genetic risk factors and susceptibility gene polymorphisms in Lebanese is helpful for better understanding of @entity1820 etiology.

title: @entity4187 , @entity5321 , and XXXX gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to @entity14 among Lebanese.

answer: @entity9164 :: (2944,Gene) :: ['GSTM1']


abstract: Weimaraner @entity235 are defined by light brown coat colour termed grey including several shadings ranging from @entity575 and deer to @entity19 grey. In contrast, the so-called blue Weimaraners (BW) with lightened black-pigmented coat have been proposed to represent spontaneous revertants in the Weimaraner breed. In order to investigate the genetic determinants of the characteristic grey coat colour versus those of BW, known variation in coat colour genes including @entity73002 and @entity73003 were analysed in a number of grey and blue @entity235 . Variations at the B locus cause grey coat colour in Weimaraners via two non-functional @entity73002 copies (bb) including the b(s), b(d) and b(c) alleles. In all BW, at least one functional @entity73002 allele (Bb or BB genotype) was identified. Defined microsatellite alleles in @entity73002 intron 4 are linked to this functional B allele in BW. These alleles were also detected in various other @entity235 breeds, but not in grey Weimaraners. The combination of a dominant trait for blue versus grey together with a specific @entity73002 haplotype in BW suggests that blue coat colour is not the result of spontaneous (back-) mutation in grey Weimaraners. This inference is even emphasized by the presence of a unique Y-chomosomal haplotype in a male offspring of the supposed ancestor of the BW population which - according to pedigree information - carries a copy of the original Y chromosome. Thus, molecular genetic analyses of coat colours combined with Y-chromosomal haplotypes allow tracing the origin of atypical @entity235 in respective @entity235 populations.

title: Tracing the origin of 'blue Weimaraner' XXXX by molecular genetics.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Small, round photocoagulator lesions of 3-6 degrees (0.6-1.2 mm) diameter were placed nasally on the retina of adult @entity468 . Histological controls proved the complete destruction of all @entity989 . Changes in lesion size by shrinkage of the @entity2479 did not exceed 0.1 mm or 0.5 degrees. At different times after photocoagulation, single cells were recorded in layers A and A1 of the contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) with @entity5335 microelectrodes. Acute lesions of this size completely deafferented single LGN cells in layer A whose receptive field (RF) area was within the lesion. Thirty days and more after coagulation, light-excitable cells were detected in the originally deafferented LGN region, with RFs in the immediate surround of the @entity989 . The spontaneous activity and light excitability of these neurons were altered. The representation of 3-4 degrees retinal lesions at 20 degrees horizontal eccentricity was found to be completely filled in by excitation in the LGN. Excitation had spread from the unsevered parts of the retina into the region of deafferentation. Single cells with signs of multiple activation from more than one border region of the @entity989 were occasionally detected.

title: Time-dependent decrease in the extent of visual deafferentation in the lateral geniculate nucleus of adult XXXX with small retinal lesions.

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal scar']

entities_list: @entity5335 :: ('MESH:D014414', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal lesion', 'retinal layers within the lesions']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The root cause of capsular contracture (CC) associated with breast implants is unknown. Recent evidence points to the possible role of fibrin and bacteria in CC formation. OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to determine whether fibrin, @entity11328 , and blood modulated the histological and microbiological outcomes of breast implant capsule formation in a @entity95 model. METHODS: The authors carried out a case-control study to assess the influence of fibrin, @entity11328 , and blood on capsule wound healing in a @entity95 model. Eighteen New Zealand white @entity95 received four tissue expanders. One expander acted as a control, whereas the other expander pockets received one of the following: fibrin glue, @entity95 blood, or @entity11328 sealant. Intracapsular pressure/volume curves were compared among the groups, and histological and microbiological evaluations were performed (capsules, tissue expanders, @entity95 skin, and air). The @entity95 were euthanized at two or four weeks. RESULTS: At four weeks, the fibrin and @entity11328 expanders demonstrated significantly decreased intracapsular pressure compared to the control group. In the control and fibrin groups, mixed @entity32 correlated with decreased intracapsular pressure, whereas mononuclear @entity32 correlated with increased intracapsular pressure. The predominant isolate in the capsules, tissue expanders, and @entity95 skin was coagulase-negative staphylococci. For fibrin and @entity11328 , both cultures that showed an organism other than staphylococci and cultures that were negative were associated with decreased intracapsular pressure, whereas cultures positive for staphylococci were associated with increased intracapsular pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrin application during breast implantation may reduce rates of CC, but the presence of staphylococci is associated with increased capsule pressure even in the presence of fibrin, so care should be taken to avoid bacterial contamination.

title: Effects of fibrin, XXXX , and blood on breast capsule formation in a preclinical model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'rabbits']

answer: @entity11328 :: (100009146(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: B cells play a central role in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). Rituximab is expected to induce apoptosis of all the @entity2225 -positive B cells. A proportion of @entity1 are refractory or intolerant to standard immunosuppression. These are candidate to new therapeutic options. METHODS: Eight @entity1 [six @entity1 , two @entity1 , mean age 41-year-old (27-51), with severe multiorgan involvement (kidney, skin, nervous system, @entity625 , @entity827 , @entity1701 )] were considered eligible for an intensive combination therapy including rituximab. Rituximab was administered (dose 375 mg/m(2)) on Days #2, 8, 15 and 22. Two more doses were administered 1 and 2 months following the last weekly infusion. This treatment was combined with two pulses of 750 mg @entity786 (Days #4 and 17) and three pulses of 15 mg/kg (Days #1, 4 and 8) @entity1667 followed by oral @entity229 , 50 mg for 2 weeks rapidly tapered until 5 mg in 2 months. Response was evaluated by assessing the changes in clinical signs and symptoms [Systemic Lupus @entity66 Activity Index (SLEDAI score)] and laboratory parameters for at least 12 months. RESULTS: Levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and anti-double-strand DNA antibodies significantly decreased (P < 0.01 at 12 months), whereas C3 and mainly C4 values increased at 6 months (P < 0.01 for C4). @entity644 improved in the cases with renal involvement (P < 0.01 at 3, 6 and 12 months). SLEDAI score improved moving from the mean 17.3 (12-27) before therapy to 3.1 (1-5) after rituximab treatment. Constitutional symptoms including @entity4841 , @entity425 and @entity221 disappeared in all the previously affected @entity1 ; paresthesia improved in the four @entity1 with @entity305 and @entity272 gradually resolved in the @entity1 with @entity39 skin ulcers at presentation. @entity137 were negligible. CONCLUSIONS: Long-lasting remissions were obtained in @entity1 with severe @entity1252 and major organ involvement by this intensive administration of rituximab combined with low doses of intravenous @entity786 and @entity1667 pulses followed by a rapid tapering of @entity229 to 5 mg/day as a sole maintenance therapy.

title: Intensive short-term treatment with rituximab, @entity786 and @entity1667 pulses induces remission in severe cases of XXXX with nephritis and avoids further immunosuppressive maintenance therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Drug side effects']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['polyserositis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Erythematosus Disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid antibody syndrome']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['SLE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: B cells play a central role in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). Rituximab is expected to induce apoptosis of all the @entity2225 -positive B cells. A proportion of @entity1 are refractory or intolerant to standard immunosuppression. These are candidate to new therapeutic options. METHODS: Eight @entity1 [six @entity1 , two @entity1 , mean age 41-year-old (27-51), with severe multiorgan involvement (kidney, skin, nervous system, @entity625 , @entity827 , @entity1701 )] were considered eligible for an intensive combination therapy including rituximab. Rituximab was administered (dose 375 mg/m(2)) on Days #2, 8, 15 and 22. Two more doses were administered 1 and 2 months following the last weekly infusion. This treatment was combined with two pulses of 750 mg @entity786 (Days #4 and 17) and three pulses of 15 mg/kg (Days #1, 4 and 8) @entity1667 followed by oral @entity229 , 50 mg for 2 weeks rapidly tapered until 5 mg in 2 months. Response was evaluated by assessing the changes in clinical signs and symptoms [Systemic Lupus @entity66 Activity Index (SLEDAI score)] and laboratory parameters for at least 12 months. RESULTS: Levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and anti-double-strand DNA antibodies significantly decreased (P < 0.01 at 12 months), whereas C3 and mainly C4 values increased at 6 months (P < 0.01 for C4). @entity644 improved in the cases with renal involvement (P < 0.01 at 3, 6 and 12 months). SLEDAI score improved moving from the mean 17.3 (12-27) before therapy to 3.1 (1-5) after rituximab treatment. Constitutional symptoms including @entity4841 , @entity425 and @entity221 disappeared in all the previously affected @entity1 ; paresthesia improved in the four @entity1 with @entity305 and @entity272 gradually resolved in the @entity1 with @entity39 skin ulcers at presentation. @entity137 were negligible. CONCLUSIONS: Long-lasting remissions were obtained in @entity1 with severe @entity1252 and major organ involvement by this intensive administration of rituximab combined with low doses of intravenous @entity786 and @entity1667 pulses followed by a rapid tapering of @entity229 to 5 mg/day as a sole maintenance therapy.

title: Intensive short-term treatment with rituximab, @entity786 and XXXX pulses induces remission in severe cases of @entity1252 with nephritis and avoids further immunosuppressive maintenance therapy.

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: B cells play a central role in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). Rituximab is expected to induce apoptosis of all the @entity2225 -positive B cells. A proportion of @entity1 are refractory or intolerant to standard immunosuppression. These are candidate to new therapeutic options. METHODS: Eight @entity1 [six @entity1 , two @entity1 , mean age 41-year-old (27-51), with severe multiorgan involvement (kidney, skin, nervous system, @entity625 , @entity827 , @entity1701 )] were considered eligible for an intensive combination therapy including rituximab. Rituximab was administered (dose 375 mg/m(2)) on Days #2, 8, 15 and 22. Two more doses were administered 1 and 2 months following the last weekly infusion. This treatment was combined with two pulses of 750 mg @entity786 (Days #4 and 17) and three pulses of 15 mg/kg (Days #1, 4 and 8) @entity1667 followed by oral @entity229 , 50 mg for 2 weeks rapidly tapered until 5 mg in 2 months. Response was evaluated by assessing the changes in clinical signs and symptoms [Systemic Lupus @entity66 Activity Index (SLEDAI score)] and laboratory parameters for at least 12 months. RESULTS: Levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and anti-double-strand DNA antibodies significantly decreased (P < 0.01 at 12 months), whereas C3 and mainly C4 values increased at 6 months (P < 0.01 for C4). @entity644 improved in the cases with renal involvement (P < 0.01 at 3, 6 and 12 months). SLEDAI score improved moving from the mean 17.3 (12-27) before therapy to 3.1 (1-5) after rituximab treatment. Constitutional symptoms including @entity4841 , @entity425 and @entity221 disappeared in all the previously affected @entity1 ; paresthesia improved in the four @entity1 with @entity305 and @entity272 gradually resolved in the @entity1 with @entity39 skin ulcers at presentation. @entity137 were negligible. CONCLUSIONS: Long-lasting remissions were obtained in @entity1 with severe @entity1252 and major organ involvement by this intensive administration of rituximab combined with low doses of intravenous @entity786 and @entity1667 pulses followed by a rapid tapering of @entity229 to 5 mg/day as a sole maintenance therapy.

title: Intensive short-term treatment with rituximab, XXXX and @entity1667 pulses induces remission in severe cases of @entity1252 with nephritis and avoids further immunosuppressive maintenance therapy.

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Gram negative anaerobic microbial degradation of proteins, peptides and @entity1522 in saliva leads to production of oral malodor. Volatile @entity599 compounds (VSCs) from @entity462 and @entity104 /skatole (I/S) from @entity2340 are two major components of breath odor. In this study, salivary mixed bacteria and oral pure cultures were compared for their ability to produce odor from @entity462 , @entity2340 and salivary supernatant. The VSC malodor inhibitor, @entity219 , was used to help identify the malodor processes involved. Salivary sediment and salivary supernatant were both obtained from wax-stimulated whole saliva. Gram positive (13) and Gram negative (12) oral pure cultures of common salivary bacteria were each grown in appropriate media and harvested. Incubation mixtures were prepared with salivary sediment at 16.7% (v/v) or bacterial pure cultures at 8.3% (v/v). @entity462 or @entity2340 at 6 mM or salivary supernatant at 33.3% (v/v) was added. When included, @entity219 as @entity21482 was added at 6 mM. All incubations were carried out for 24 h at 37   C. Odor generation was assessed organoleptically (0-4 severity scale); VSC was determined with a Halimeter (Interscan Corp., Chatsworth, CA) and I/S was determined using Kovac's colorimetric method. Organoleptic odor levels produced by salivary sediment mixed bacteria with the three substrates tested were comparable, though @entity2340 and @entity462 generated distinct and characteristic odors. With @entity462 and supernatant, rapid and substantial VSC was generated; with @entity2340 no such VSC formation was observed. @entity219 inhibited VSC generation from @entity462 and from salivary supernatant but had no effect on I/S from @entity2340 . Surprisingly though, @entity219 which had no effect on I/S production from free @entity2340 , reduced I/S production from supernatant. Of the 12 Gram negative bacteria, 75% produced I/S (mean 3.1    1.5 SEM mg ml(-1)); most was generated by @entity2523 intermedia, @entity2523 and @entity8209 . Gram positive pure cultures produced none. Comparable levels of organoleptic odor were produced by @entity2523 from @entity2340 and @entity462 . Malodor produced orally is complex because multiple microbial types, substrates, metabolic pathways and hence end products are involved. @entity219 clearly inhibited I/S production in salivary supernatant, possibly by interfering with the release of @entity2340 from peptides/proteins.

title: Generation of XXXX /skatole during malodor formation in the salivary sediment model system and initial examination of the oral bacteria involved.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine', 'Cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'Porphyromonas']

answer: @entity104 :: (MESH:C030374,Chemical) :: ['indole']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We systematically examined by immune histology the lungs of some widely used @entity19 models of @entity565 . These models include sensitization by multiple intraperitoneal injections of soluble ovalbumin (OVA) or of OVA with alum, followed by three intranasal or aerosol challenges 3 days apart. Within 24   h after a single challenge there is fibrinoid @entity39 of arterial walls with deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) and OVA and infiltration of eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells that lasts for about 3 days followed by peribronchial B-cell infiltration and slight reversible @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ). After two challenges, severe @entity1333 is present at 6   h, increases by 72   h, and then declines; B-cell proliferation and significant @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ) and bronchial smooth @entity2086 recur more prominently. After three challenges, there is significantly increased induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) formation, @entity1184 , and smooth @entity2086 . Elevated levels of @entity61 cytokines, @entity58 , @entity59 , and @entity1312 , are present in bronchial lavage fluids. Sensitized @entity19 have precipitating antibody and positive Arthus skin reactions but also develop significant levels of IgE antibody to OVA but only 1 week after challenge. We conclude that the @entity358 induced in these models is preceded by immune complex-mediated @entity1333 and iBALT formation. There are elevations of @entity61 cytokines that most likely produce bronchial lesions that resemble @entity1 @entity565 . However, it is unlikely that mast cell-activated atopic mechanisms are responsible as we found only a few presumed mast cells by @entity11979 and metachromatic staining limited to the most proximal part of the main stem bronchus, and none in the remaining main stem bronchus or in the lung periphery.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 1 June 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.72.

title: Bronchial lesions of @entity19 model of XXXX are preceded by immune complex @entity1333 and induced bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT).

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['GCHT', 'GCHTH', 'goblet cell hypertrophy', 'GCHT and hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['toluidine blue']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['asthma like lung lesions']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We systematically examined by immune histology the lungs of some widely used @entity19 models of @entity565 . These models include sensitization by multiple intraperitoneal injections of soluble ovalbumin (OVA) or of OVA with alum, followed by three intranasal or aerosol challenges 3 days apart. Within 24   h after a single challenge there is fibrinoid @entity39 of arterial walls with deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) and OVA and infiltration of eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells that lasts for about 3 days followed by peribronchial B-cell infiltration and slight reversible @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ). After two challenges, severe @entity1333 is present at 6   h, increases by 72   h, and then declines; B-cell proliferation and significant @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ) and bronchial smooth @entity2086 recur more prominently. After three challenges, there is significantly increased induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) formation, @entity1184 , and smooth @entity2086 . Elevated levels of @entity61 cytokines, @entity58 , @entity59 , and @entity1312 , are present in bronchial lavage fluids. Sensitized @entity19 have precipitating antibody and positive Arthus skin reactions but also develop significant levels of IgE antibody to OVA but only 1 week after challenge. We conclude that the @entity358 induced in these models is preceded by immune complex-mediated @entity1333 and iBALT formation. There are elevations of @entity61 cytokines that most likely produce bronchial lesions that resemble @entity1 @entity565 . However, it is unlikely that mast cell-activated atopic mechanisms are responsible as we found only a few presumed mast cells by @entity11979 and metachromatic staining limited to the most proximal part of the main stem bronchus, and none in the remaining main stem bronchus or in the lung periphery.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 1 June 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.72.

title: Bronchial lesions of @entity19 model of @entity565 are preceded by immune complex XXXX and induced bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT).

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['vasculitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We systematically examined by immune histology the lungs of some widely used @entity19 models of @entity565 . These models include sensitization by multiple intraperitoneal injections of soluble ovalbumin (OVA) or of OVA with alum, followed by three intranasal or aerosol challenges 3 days apart. Within 24   h after a single challenge there is fibrinoid @entity39 of arterial walls with deposition of immunoglobulin (Ig) and OVA and infiltration of eosinophilic polymorphonuclear cells that lasts for about 3 days followed by peribronchial B-cell infiltration and slight reversible @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ). After two challenges, severe @entity1333 is present at 6   h, increases by 72   h, and then declines; B-cell proliferation and significant @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ) and bronchial smooth @entity2086 recur more prominently. After three challenges, there is significantly increased induced bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) formation, @entity1184 , and smooth @entity2086 . Elevated levels of @entity61 cytokines, @entity58 , @entity59 , and @entity1312 , are present in bronchial lavage fluids. Sensitized @entity19 have precipitating antibody and positive Arthus skin reactions but also develop significant levels of IgE antibody to OVA but only 1 week after challenge. We conclude that the @entity358 induced in these models is preceded by immune complex-mediated @entity1333 and iBALT formation. There are elevations of @entity61 cytokines that most likely produce bronchial lesions that resemble @entity1 @entity565 . However, it is unlikely that mast cell-activated atopic mechanisms are responsible as we found only a few presumed mast cells by @entity11979 and metachromatic staining limited to the most proximal part of the main stem bronchus, and none in the remaining main stem bronchus or in the lung periphery.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 1 June 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.72.

title: Bronchial lesions of XXXX model of @entity565 are preceded by immune complex @entity1333 and induced bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT).

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate our practices by studying the duration of hospitalization and the parental real-life experience after a primary surgery of a @entity2419 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monocentric retrospective study by analysis of the @entity1 files and phone interview of the parents whose @entity1 were operated for a primary surgery of a @entity2419 isolated, or associated with a labial cleft, or included in a syndromic form. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 (25  B-24  G) were performed by 44  Wardill and five Furlow procedures (average age: 11  months   ) between 2010  and 2012. The average duration of the post-operative stay was 1.5  days. Thirty-three parents were contacted (67%). The return was "very well" or "well done" in 82% of the cases. The @entity158 at home was estimated by the parents as "worthless" or "little intense" in 73% of the cases. For 16% of the parents, the @entity1 seemed "uncomfortable". The prescription of analgesic was followed only in 70% of the cases. The duration of hospitalization was considered by the families as "good one" in 70% of the cases, "too long" for 12% and "too short" for 18% in particular because of difficulty in eating or parental @entity148 . CONCLUSION: Even if palatine surgery is considered to be painful, anaesthetic techniques and current analgesic protocols allow to envisage very simple and fast consequences, authorizing an early return of the @entity1 at home.

title: [Primary surgery for XXXX and short hospital stay (48h): Are they compatible?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft palate']


abstract: In this work we showed the relationship between seasonal periods and the response of R. arenarum follicles and oocytes to different @entity230 . Using in vitro germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) assays, we demonstrated that P4 is the main @entity479 capable of inducing maturation in R. arenarum oocytes and follicles. In the second part of this work we showed that @entity3800 can activate pre-maturation promoting factors (pre-MPFs) such as P4, by cytoplasm microinjection experiments. The results indicated that the @entity230 assayed induced oocyte and follicle maturation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In oocytes, P4 was the most efficient @entity479 as a maturation inducer (EC50 of the reproductive period, 6 nM, EC50 of the non-reproductive period     30 nM). @entity3800 ( @entity2494 , @entity2494 ; T, @entity251 ; and @entity195 , @entity2671 ) were less efficient maturation inducers than P4 (EC50 reproductive period     50, 120 and 600 nM respectively). Similar results were obtained with intact follicles in both seasonal periods. Although the response of follicles to the different @entity3800 was variable, in no case was it above the above the response induced by P4. Independently of the season, oocytes and follicles incubated in @entity26725 and T underwent GVBD after 6-10 h while oocytes and follicles incubated in @entity2494 and @entity195 matured more slowly. Furthermore, we demonstrated that microinjection of mature cytoplasm from @entity342 -treated oocytes is sufficient to promote GVBD in immature recipient oocytes ( @entity2494 , 57    12%; @entity195 , 60    8%; T, 56    13%). Thus, @entity3800 such as @entity2494 , T and @entity195 are as competent as P4 to activate pre-MPF.

title: In vitro XXXX -induced meiosis in Rhinella arenarum oocytes: role of pre-MPF activation.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgens', 'androgens']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Fibrinolytic treatment of @entity583 with streptokinase and urokinase has now been under investigation for almost 20 years. Initially encouraging reports of beneficial effects of streptokinase were not substantiated by carefully controlled studies performed on coronary care and intensive care units. Studies carried out during the last tne years were characterized by non-uniform trial conditions and results. Similarly, to date no clearly beneficial effects of urokinase could be established. In order to provide more concise analysis, the "European Cooperative Study Group for Streptokinase Treatment in @entity583 " conducted a multi-center controlled trial. @entity1 were allocated to risk-groups. Three-hundred fifteen @entity1 with medium and high risk were randomized to a 24-hour infusion of streptokinase or @entity413 . The overall mortality within six months was significantly lower in the streptokinase group (p less than 0.01) contributed primarily by eight of the eleven centers. Only 13.5% of @entity1 with @entity583 , however, were eligible for the study. Interpretation of the results yielded no indication of the nature of the fibrinolytic effects nor how the benefit could be explained pathophysiologically. Furthermore, it remains questionable whether systemically-administered streptokinase can lyse coronary @entity715 or reduce the size of @entity296 . An indirect effect of streptokinase through lowering of blood viscosity and subsequently, peripheral capillary resistance may represent a theoretical possibility. the indication of routine systemic administration of streptokinase has not yet been established. Recent reports of promising results obtained by direct, intracoronary infusion of thrombolytic agents indicate that this alternative may lead to realization of a specific effect in reduction of coronary @entity715 and, consequently, @entity296 .

title: [Fibrinolytic treatment of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1141 surveillance is recognized as an integral component in the management of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). The adherence to surveillance guidelines is variable, and understanding of quality indicators and predictors of behavior is currently limited. OBJECTIVE: To perform a nationwide evaluation of the quality of @entity8787 surveillance practiced by Australian endoscopists and to determine the predictors of quality practice. DESIGN: Cross-sectional nationwide survey. SETTING: Survey distributed through the gastroenterology and colorectal surgery societies covering knowledge and practice of @entity8787 surveillance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Adherence to indicators of high-quality surveillance and median score of @entity8787 surveillance guideline knowledge. RESULTS: A total of 264 responses were received, comprising 240 respondents who perform surveillance screening (218 gastroenterologists, 46 colorectal surgeons). Gastroenterologists were significantly more likely to undertake surveillance (P < .001), adhere to guidelines (P = .02), use advanced imaging modalities (P = .04), and have greater surveillance knowledge than colorectal surgeons (P < .001). Knowledge score and gastroenterologists were independent predictors of @entity1141 screening (odds ratio [OR] 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-1.96 and OR 11.2; 95% CI, 4.53-27.87), guideline adherence (OR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31 and OR 2.42; 95% CI, 1.11-5.30), and advanced endoscopic imaging technique use (OR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.35 and OR 2.2; 95% CI, 1.02-4.74). LIMITATIONS: Potential responder bias results appear, however, aligned with those of previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8787 surveillance in Australia is being performed at a high standard. Gastroenterology specialization and knowledge score have been demonstrated to be strong predictors of high-quality surveillance practice. This is the first study to determine predictors of screening behavior and quantify surveillance quality. These results further emphasize that gastroenterologists should play a key role in @entity8787 surveillance.

title: Knowledge and predictors of XXXX surveillance performance in @entity29 in Australia.

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBDs', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity8787 :: ('MESH:C535541', 'Disease') :: ['IBD', 'IBD dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1141 surveillance is recognized as an integral component in the management of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). The adherence to surveillance guidelines is variable, and understanding of quality indicators and predictors of behavior is currently limited. OBJECTIVE: To perform a nationwide evaluation of the quality of @entity8787 surveillance practiced by Australian endoscopists and to determine the predictors of quality practice. DESIGN: Cross-sectional nationwide survey. SETTING: Survey distributed through the gastroenterology and colorectal surgery societies covering knowledge and practice of @entity8787 surveillance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Adherence to indicators of high-quality surveillance and median score of @entity8787 surveillance guideline knowledge. RESULTS: A total of 264 responses were received, comprising 240 respondents who perform surveillance screening (218 gastroenterologists, 46 colorectal surgeons). Gastroenterologists were significantly more likely to undertake surveillance (P < .001), adhere to guidelines (P = .02), use advanced imaging modalities (P = .04), and have greater surveillance knowledge than colorectal surgeons (P < .001). Knowledge score and gastroenterologists were independent predictors of @entity1141 screening (odds ratio [OR] 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41-1.96 and OR 11.2; 95% CI, 4.53-27.87), guideline adherence (OR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31 and OR 2.42; 95% CI, 1.11-5.30), and advanced endoscopic imaging technique use (OR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.05-1.35 and OR 2.2; 95% CI, 1.02-4.74). LIMITATIONS: Potential responder bias results appear, however, aligned with those of previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8787 surveillance in Australia is being performed at a high standard. Gastroenterology specialization and knowledge score have been demonstrated to be strong predictors of high-quality surveillance practice. This is the first study to determine predictors of screening behavior and quantify surveillance quality. These results further emphasize that gastroenterologists should play a key role in @entity8787 surveillance.

title: Knowledge and predictors of @entity1141 surveillance performance in XXXX in Australia.

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']