abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between abnormally increased P-wave terminal force in lead V1 , an electrocardiographic (ECG) marker of @entity4032 , and incident @entity385 subtypes. We hypothesized that associations would be stronger with nonlacunar @entity64 , given that we expected @entity4032 to reflect the risk of @entity1031 rather than in situ @entity6249 . METHODS: Our cohort comprised 14,542 @entity1 45 to 64 years of age prospectively enrolled in the @entity731 Risk in Communities study and free of clinically apparent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) at baseline. @entity4032 was defined as PTFV1 >4,000 V*ms. Outcomes were adjudicated @entity385 , nonlacunar (including cardioembolic) @entity385 , and @entity64 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 22 years (interquartile range, 19-23 years), 904 @entity1 (6.2%) experienced a definite or probable @entity385 . A higher incidence of @entity64 occurred in those with baseline @entity4032 (incidence rate per 1,000 @entity1 -years, 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.4-7.4) than in those without (incidence rate per 1,000 @entity1 -years, 2.9; 95% CI: 2.7-3.1; p < 0.001). In Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders and incident @entity955 , @entity4032 was associated with incident @entity385 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.11-1.59). This association was limited to nonlacunar @entity64 (HR, 1.49; 95% CI: 1.07-2.07) as opposed to @entity64 (HR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.57-1.40). INTERPRETATION: We found an association between ECG-defined @entity4032 and subsequent nonlacunar @entity385 . Our findings suggest that an underlying @entity955 may cause @entity1031 in the absence of recognized @entity955 . Ann Neurol 2015;78:Ann Neurol 2015;78:679-696.

title: Electrocardiographic @entity4032 and XXXX subtype in the @entity731 risk in communities study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small-vessel occlusion']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'left atrial thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial cardiopathy', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['Left atrial abnormality', 'left atrial abnormality']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between abnormally increased P-wave terminal force in lead V1 , an electrocardiographic (ECG) marker of @entity4032 , and incident @entity385 subtypes. We hypothesized that associations would be stronger with nonlacunar @entity64 , given that we expected @entity4032 to reflect the risk of @entity1031 rather than in situ @entity6249 . METHODS: Our cohort comprised 14,542 @entity1 45 to 64 years of age prospectively enrolled in the @entity731 Risk in Communities study and free of clinically apparent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) at baseline. @entity4032 was defined as PTFV1 >4,000 V*ms. Outcomes were adjudicated @entity385 , nonlacunar (including cardioembolic) @entity385 , and @entity64 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 22 years (interquartile range, 19-23 years), 904 @entity1 (6.2%) experienced a definite or probable @entity385 . A higher incidence of @entity64 occurred in those with baseline @entity4032 (incidence rate per 1,000 @entity1 -years, 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.4-7.4) than in those without (incidence rate per 1,000 @entity1 -years, 2.9; 95% CI: 2.7-3.1; p < 0.001). In Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders and incident @entity955 , @entity4032 was associated with incident @entity385 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.11-1.59). This association was limited to nonlacunar @entity64 (HR, 1.49; 95% CI: 1.07-2.07) as opposed to @entity64 (HR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.57-1.40). INTERPRETATION: We found an association between ECG-defined @entity4032 and subsequent nonlacunar @entity385 . Our findings suggest that an underlying @entity955 may cause @entity1031 in the absence of recognized @entity955 . Ann Neurol 2015;78:Ann Neurol 2015;78:679-696.

title: Electrocardiographic XXXX and @entity64 subtype in the @entity731 risk in communities study.

answer: @entity4032 :: (MESH:D059446,Disease) :: ['left atrial abnormality']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between abnormally increased P-wave terminal force in lead V1 , an electrocardiographic (ECG) marker of @entity4032 , and incident @entity385 subtypes. We hypothesized that associations would be stronger with nonlacunar @entity64 , given that we expected @entity4032 to reflect the risk of @entity1031 rather than in situ @entity6249 . METHODS: Our cohort comprised 14,542 @entity1 45 to 64 years of age prospectively enrolled in the @entity731 Risk in Communities study and free of clinically apparent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) at baseline. @entity4032 was defined as PTFV1 >4,000 V*ms. Outcomes were adjudicated @entity385 , nonlacunar (including cardioembolic) @entity385 , and @entity64 . RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 22 years (interquartile range, 19-23 years), 904 @entity1 (6.2%) experienced a definite or probable @entity385 . A higher incidence of @entity64 occurred in those with baseline @entity4032 (incidence rate per 1,000 @entity1 -years, 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.4-7.4) than in those without (incidence rate per 1,000 @entity1 -years, 2.9; 95% CI: 2.7-3.1; p < 0.001). In Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders and incident @entity955 , @entity4032 was associated with incident @entity385 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.11-1.59). This association was limited to nonlacunar @entity64 (HR, 1.49; 95% CI: 1.07-2.07) as opposed to @entity64 (HR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.57-1.40). INTERPRETATION: We found an association between ECG-defined @entity4032 and subsequent nonlacunar @entity385 . Our findings suggest that an underlying @entity955 may cause @entity1031 in the absence of recognized @entity955 . Ann Neurol 2015;78:Ann Neurol 2015;78:679-696.

title: Electrocardiographic @entity4032 and @entity64 subtype in the XXXX risk in communities study.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A strategy of early transfer for coronary angiography and intervention is superior to a standard approach of delayed coronary angiography after fibrinolysis for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). @entity583 @entity1 with lesions in noninfarct-related arteries have a worse prognosis compared with @entity1 with @entity66 . This study aimed to assess whether the benefits of an early invasive strategy differ in @entity1 with single vessel and multivessel disease. METHODS: The Trial of Routine ANgioplasty and Stenting after Fibrinolysis to Enhance Reperfusion in Acute @entity583 (TRANSFER-AMI) randomized @entity583 @entity1 receiving fibrinolysis to a strategy of early transfer and coronary angiography vs a standard approach. In this post hoc analysis, we stratified 992 @entity1 into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of multivessel disease. We compared the 2 groups in terms of baseline characteristics, in-hospital management, and @entity1 outcomes, and tested for treatment heterogeneity. RESULTS: Multivessel disease was present in 369 (37%) @entity1 . @entity1 with multivessel disease had a greater rate of the primary composite end point of in-hospital @entity204 , recurrence of @entity1188 , recurrent @entity63 , shock, or @entity712 at 30 days (18.2% vs 10.8%; P < 0.001). An early invasive strategy was efficacious in both groups for the primary outcome. In multivariable analysis adjusting for Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score, there was no significant treatment heterogeneity (all P interaction > 0.40) for the primary end point, or @entity204 /recurrence of @entity1188 at 6 months and 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Multivessel disease is present in a significant proportion of @entity583 @entity1 treated with fibrinolysis and is associated with worse outcomes. A strategy of early transfer and coronary intervention after fibrinolysis was beneficial regardless of the presence or absence of multivessel disease.

title: Efficacy of an Early Invasive Strategy After Fibrinolysis in ST-Elevation XXXX Relative to the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the rate of occurrence of @entity2008 , associated findings, and outcome in a series of cases of prenatally diagnosed clubfoot. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of all cases of clubfoot diagnosed prenatally in the ultrasound unit of a French tertiary center from January 2004 through December 2011. Clubfoot was scored as complex or isolated depending on the presence or absence of another structural abnormality observed on sonographic examination. RESULTS: Data from 90 fetuses prenatally diagnosed with clubfoot were included in this study. Thirty-four cases were considered complex (38%) and 56 were considered isolated (62%). A @entity2008 was identified in 10 of 33 of the fetuses with complex clubfoot and in 1 of 45 of those with @entity5149 (p   <   0.001). Clubfoot was associated with a poor outcome in 5 of 52 cases of @entity5149 and in 31 of 34 cases associated with other structural defects (p   <   0.001). The @entity85 was bilateral in 62 cases (69%) and unilateral in 28 (31%). No statistically significantly higher rate of poor outcome was identified when the @entity85 occurred bilaterally nor was a significantly higher rate of @entity2008 noted in this condition. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2007 and adverse pregnancy outcomes occur more commonly in prenatally diagnosed cases of complex clubfoot than in those of @entity5149 . Fetal karyotyping is required in cases of complex clubfoot, but the need for that procedure in @entity5149 remains controversial.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2015.

title: Prenatal diagnosis of clubfoot: XXXX associated with fetal defects and outcome in a tertiary center.

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormality', 'chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5149 :: ('MESH:D003025', 'Disease') :: ['isolated clubfoot']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['Aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['Chromosomal abnormalities']


abstract: A case is reported of a @entity1756 of the posterior cerebral artery in a 21/2 month old @entity1 . The clinical picture of @entity510 included @entity772 , @entity410 and @entity1269 . The @entity439 was detected by two dimensional ultrasonography and CT scan. The carotid and vertebral arteriogram showed an @entity439 located on the posterior cerebral artery. Surgery was performed after neurological improvement, 25 days after admission. The operation was conducted under controlled systemic @entity551 using @entity1854 . The mean blood pressure was decreased from 70 mmHg to 40 mmHg during 20 min. This technique established good haemostatic conditions during removal of the @entity439 . Postoperative recovery was uneventful with full neurological recovery. The interest of @entity1854 as a @entity551 agent is discussed. The difficulties of monitoring haemodynamic variables in @entity1 are stressed.

title: [Anesthesia with controlled XXXX for treatment of intracranial arterial aneurysm in an @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['left hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: A case is reported of a @entity1756 of the posterior cerebral artery in a 21/2 month old @entity1 . The clinical picture of @entity510 included @entity772 , @entity410 and @entity1269 . The @entity439 was detected by two dimensional ultrasonography and CT scan. The carotid and vertebral arteriogram showed an @entity439 located on the posterior cerebral artery. Surgery was performed after neurological improvement, 25 days after admission. The operation was conducted under controlled systemic @entity551 using @entity1854 . The mean blood pressure was decreased from 70 mmHg to 40 mmHg during 20 min. This technique established good haemostatic conditions during removal of the @entity439 . Postoperative recovery was uneventful with full neurological recovery. The interest of @entity1854 as a @entity551 agent is discussed. The difficulties of monitoring haemodynamic variables in @entity1 are stressed.

title: [Anesthesia with controlled @entity551 for treatment of intracranial arterial aneurysm in an XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: A retrospective study was performed to determine if the emergency intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is being overused in the evaluation of blunt @entity8 . Medical records of 105 blunt @entity8 @entity1 undergoing IVPs for suspected blunt @entity8 were analyzed. Eighty-eight @entity1 (83.8%) had normal IVPs, and 17 @entity1 (16.2%) had abnormal IVPs. Three of the 105 @entity1 (2.9%) required urologic surgical intervention. The medical records of these @entity1 were examined in detail because it was believed that this @entity1 population needed to be identified by emergency IVP. All three @entity1 requiring urologic surgery had gross @entity811 . All three @entity1 had one or more associated injuries. Two of the three @entity1 had @entity812 . The third @entity1 was obtunded. From this study and information from the literature an algorithm has been constructed as a guideline for a prospective study. Following this guideline no @entity1 in the study requiring urologic surgical intervention would have been missed. Of @entity1 requiring an emergency IVP, 7.3% would have required urologic surgery. This would have resulted in a savings of  10,432 at our institution.

title: Should the emergency IVP be used more selectively in blunt XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal trauma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank tenderness and/or flank mass']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can generate heat by burning @entity1718 , a process mediated by @entity1629 ( @entity1629 ). @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) depots can gain BAT-like properties, and various studies have suggested that females have more active BAT or BAT-like @entity1386 . We studied sex differences in BAT-like properties of @entity1 perirenal adipose tissue. METHODS: Perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from 20 male and 24 female healthy live kidney donors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adipocyte precursor cells, were isolated from these depots to study whether intrinsic factors control BAT-like properties of the adipose tissue depots. RESULTS: When average outside temperature a week before harvesting was below 11  C, brown-like adipocytes expressing @entity1629 were present in perirenal adipose tissue of @entity1 , but not of @entity1 . MSCs derived from perirenal adipose tissue expressed significantly more @entity1629 when from female origin compared to male origin (P   =   0.009). However, @entity1629 protein content and @entity26 consumption rate did not differ between adipocytes derived from male and female perirenal MSCs. CONCLUSIONS: Female perirenal adipose tissue has a higher potency to gain BAT-like properties than male perirenal adipose tissue. The degree of gaining BAT-like properties depends on sex-specific intrinsic factors and environmental triggers such as temperature.

title: XXXX have more potential to induce browning of perirenal adipose tissue than @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1629 :: ('7350', 'Gene') :: ['UCP1', 'uncoupling protein 1']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['White adipose tissue', 'WAT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can generate heat by burning @entity1718 , a process mediated by @entity1629 ( @entity1629 ). @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) depots can gain BAT-like properties, and various studies have suggested that females have more active BAT or BAT-like @entity1386 . We studied sex differences in BAT-like properties of @entity1 perirenal adipose tissue. METHODS: Perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from 20 male and 24 female healthy live kidney donors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adipocyte precursor cells, were isolated from these depots to study whether intrinsic factors control BAT-like properties of the adipose tissue depots. RESULTS: When average outside temperature a week before harvesting was below 11  C, brown-like adipocytes expressing @entity1629 were present in perirenal adipose tissue of @entity1 , but not of @entity1 . MSCs derived from perirenal adipose tissue expressed significantly more @entity1629 when from female origin compared to male origin (P   =   0.009). However, @entity1629 protein content and @entity26 consumption rate did not differ between adipocytes derived from male and female perirenal MSCs. CONCLUSIONS: Female perirenal adipose tissue has a higher potency to gain BAT-like properties than male perirenal adipose tissue. The degree of gaining BAT-like properties depends on sex-specific intrinsic factors and environmental triggers such as temperature.

title: @entity1 have more potential to induce browning of perirenal adipose tissue than XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Pathological levels of @entity66 ( @entity66 ) have been implicated in a broad spectrum of diseases. Carbonylation is an irreversible post translational modification that is considered as a universal indicator of @entity66 . The development of new enrichment techniques coupled with the introduction of highly sensitive mass spectrometers has allowed the identification of carbonylated proteins in biological systems. In this study Deng et  al.(Proteomics 2015, 15, xxx-yyy) utilized one of these methods to isolate and identify carbonylated proteins that are involved in @entity803 -induced @entity1560 . They identified 26 proteins that are targets of @entity66 and most of them were located in the mitochondria. A key carbonylated protein that was identified is long-chain specific @entity8595 dehydrogenase ( @entity71754 ) which has a major role in the b-oxidation of @entity1718 . The researchers concluded that @entity803 -induced @entity1560 is a two-step process which involves lipid overload followed by @entity66 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Redox proteomic investigation of XXXX -induced @entity1560 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity803 :: (MESH:D013752,Chemical) :: ['tetracycline']


abstract: Pathological levels of @entity66 ( @entity66 ) have been implicated in a broad spectrum of diseases. Carbonylation is an irreversible post translational modification that is considered as a universal indicator of @entity66 . The development of new enrichment techniques coupled with the introduction of highly sensitive mass spectrometers has allowed the identification of carbonylated proteins in biological systems. In this study Deng et  al.(Proteomics 2015, 15, xxx-yyy) utilized one of these methods to isolate and identify carbonylated proteins that are involved in @entity803 -induced @entity1560 . They identified 26 proteins that are targets of @entity66 and most of them were located in the mitochondria. A key carbonylated protein that was identified is long-chain specific @entity8595 dehydrogenase ( @entity71754 ) which has a major role in the b-oxidation of @entity1718 . The researchers concluded that @entity803 -induced @entity1560 is a two-step process which involves lipid overload followed by @entity66 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Redox proteomic investigation of @entity803 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['steatosis']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study is to assess if a clinical diagnosis of nonspecific @entity490 (NSAP) is safe and if @entity1 with this initial diagnosis are likely to require further investigation or surgical intervention. METHODS: 3323 @entity1 admitted with NSAP from July 1990 to September 2012 utilizing a prospective database of all surgical admissions were included. Readmission over the period of the study and specifically within 30days of their initial presentation was identified together with any invasive investigation or surgical intervention. MAIN RESULTS: 319 @entity1 (9.6%) were subsequently readmitted with @entity490 at some point during the study period. Of these, 78 (2.3%) were readmitted within 30days. 118 (3.5%) @entity1 subsequently had an operation or invasive investigation some point following their initial admission. Of these 33 (0.6%) had the procedure within 3months of the initial admission. 13 @entity1 had an appendicectomy within 3months of the initial presentation. Of these histology confirmed @entity698 in 8 @entity1 . This gives an overall incidence of "missed" @entity698 of 0.2 % (8/3323). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that a clinical diagnosis of nonspecific @entity490 (NSAP) is safe in a pediatric population and the risk of "missing" @entity698 is only 0.2%. @entity1 and/or parents can be confidently reassured that the risk of missing organic pathology is very low.

title: Nonspecific XXXX is a safe diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Gonadotropin releasing hormone( @entity1176 ) as an adjunct to orchidopexy for the treatment of @entity246 is still controversial. Present evidences were studied through a meta-analysis of comparative clinical trials. METHOD: Systematic literature search was done up to September 30, 2013. Studies were independently appraised by two reviewers. Continuous data of fertility indices were extracted as @entity353 ( @entity353 ) and standard deviation (SD); while nominal data of fertility indices were extracted as relative risk (RR). Random effects model was used to analyze the pooled effect estimates. Inter-study heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. PROSPERO Protocol registration (CRD42013004922). RESULTS: Ten eligible studies were included. The pooled effect estimates showed that cryptorchid @entity1 treated with @entity1176 when compared with controls, have significantly increased germ cell per tubule ( @entity353 : 0.35; 95% CI 0.07-0.62, P=0.01) and increased RR to have normal value of germ cell per tubule (RR: 2.86; 95% CI 1.73-4.71, P<0.0001). Inter-study heterogeneity was noted, source identified with subgroup analysis. Publication bias was not evident. No @entity1176 related adverse events were reported in all studies. CONCLUSION: Evidence suggests that a subset of @entity1 with @entity246 may benefit from @entity1176 as adjunctive to orchidopexy in improving the fertility index. However, future studies are recommended to specifically identify subgroup characteristics of @entity246 that will clearly benefit from the treatment.

title: Hormonal therapy using gonadotropin releasing hormone for improvement of fertility index among @entity1 with XXXX : a meta-analysis and systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

answer: @entity246 :: (MESH:D003456,Disease) :: ['cryptorchidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Gonadotropin releasing hormone( @entity1176 ) as an adjunct to orchidopexy for the treatment of @entity246 is still controversial. Present evidences were studied through a meta-analysis of comparative clinical trials. METHOD: Systematic literature search was done up to September 30, 2013. Studies were independently appraised by two reviewers. Continuous data of fertility indices were extracted as @entity353 ( @entity353 ) and standard deviation (SD); while nominal data of fertility indices were extracted as relative risk (RR). Random effects model was used to analyze the pooled effect estimates. Inter-study heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. PROSPERO Protocol registration (CRD42013004922). RESULTS: Ten eligible studies were included. The pooled effect estimates showed that cryptorchid @entity1 treated with @entity1176 when compared with controls, have significantly increased germ cell per tubule ( @entity353 : 0.35; 95% CI 0.07-0.62, P=0.01) and increased RR to have normal value of germ cell per tubule (RR: 2.86; 95% CI 1.73-4.71, P<0.0001). Inter-study heterogeneity was noted, source identified with subgroup analysis. Publication bias was not evident. No @entity1176 related adverse events were reported in all studies. CONCLUSION: Evidence suggests that a subset of @entity1 with @entity246 may benefit from @entity1176 as adjunctive to orchidopexy in improving the fertility index. However, future studies are recommended to specifically identify subgroup characteristics of @entity246 that will clearly benefit from the treatment.

title: Hormonal therapy using gonadotropin releasing hormone for improvement of fertility index among XXXX with @entity246 : a meta-analysis and systematic review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity3303 is most widely used for suppression of recurrent @entity1165 by IV application. Advantages are good control and low incidence of signs of @entity1370 . Most important disadvantage is lack of possibility to continue therapy by oral administration. A serious problem is a high rate of non-responders, between 15 and 50% according to the literature. In our @entity1 , rate of non-responders is about 25%. In these patients, other antiarrhythmic agents can be used, but therapeutic success is even more uncertain because of a higher rate of non-responders and adverse reactions in most instances. We administered @entity2779 as drug of second choice in 30 @entity1 with @entity1165 refractory to @entity3303 . Initial bolus injection of 1-2 mg/kg body weight followed by drip infusion (0,2-0,5 mg/kg body weight/hr) or oral administration in those @entity1 who responded to the initial bolus injection (83%). This regimen allowed sufficient control of the @entity591 in all @entity1 of the responder group. Serious adverse reactions of cardiac origin were fall of blood pressure and exorbitant widening of QRS-complexes in three @entity1 . A demonstration of a @entity1 dying from pump failure with extremely widened QRS-complexes is given. Therefore we ask for caution regarding administration of @entity2779 in @entity1 with serious diffuse @entity296 . @entity2779 therefore seems to be well suited for therapy of @entity1165 refractory to @entity3303 because of its low rate of non-responders and the possibility to continue treatment of oral administration of the drug.

title: [Therapy of @entity1165 refractory to XXXX with @entity2779 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['Propafenone']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: @entity3303 is most widely used for suppression of recurrent @entity1165 by IV application. Advantages are good control and low incidence of signs of @entity1370 . Most important disadvantage is lack of possibility to continue therapy by oral administration. A serious problem is a high rate of non-responders, between 15 and 50% according to the literature. In our @entity1 , rate of non-responders is about 25%. In these patients, other antiarrhythmic agents can be used, but therapeutic success is even more uncertain because of a higher rate of non-responders and adverse reactions in most instances. We administered @entity2779 as drug of second choice in 30 @entity1 with @entity1165 refractory to @entity3303 . Initial bolus injection of 1-2 mg/kg body weight followed by drip infusion (0,2-0,5 mg/kg body weight/hr) or oral administration in those @entity1 who responded to the initial bolus injection (83%). This regimen allowed sufficient control of the @entity591 in all @entity1 of the responder group. Serious adverse reactions of cardiac origin were fall of blood pressure and exorbitant widening of QRS-complexes in three @entity1 . A demonstration of a @entity1 dying from pump failure with extremely widened QRS-complexes is given. Therefore we ask for caution regarding administration of @entity2779 in @entity1 with serious diffuse @entity296 . @entity2779 therefore seems to be well suited for therapy of @entity1165 refractory to @entity3303 because of its low rate of non-responders and the possibility to continue treatment of oral administration of the drug.

title: [Therapy of XXXX refractory to @entity3303 with @entity2779 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: @entity3303 is most widely used for suppression of recurrent @entity1165 by IV application. Advantages are good control and low incidence of signs of @entity1370 . Most important disadvantage is lack of possibility to continue therapy by oral administration. A serious problem is a high rate of non-responders, between 15 and 50% according to the literature. In our @entity1 , rate of non-responders is about 25%. In these patients, other antiarrhythmic agents can be used, but therapeutic success is even more uncertain because of a higher rate of non-responders and adverse reactions in most instances. We administered @entity2779 as drug of second choice in 30 @entity1 with @entity1165 refractory to @entity3303 . Initial bolus injection of 1-2 mg/kg body weight followed by drip infusion (0,2-0,5 mg/kg body weight/hr) or oral administration in those @entity1 who responded to the initial bolus injection (83%). This regimen allowed sufficient control of the @entity591 in all @entity1 of the responder group. Serious adverse reactions of cardiac origin were fall of blood pressure and exorbitant widening of QRS-complexes in three @entity1 . A demonstration of a @entity1 dying from pump failure with extremely widened QRS-complexes is given. Therefore we ask for caution regarding administration of @entity2779 in @entity1 with serious diffuse @entity296 . @entity2779 therefore seems to be well suited for therapy of @entity1165 refractory to @entity3303 because of its low rate of non-responders and the possibility to continue treatment of oral administration of the drug.

title: [Therapy of @entity1165 refractory to @entity3303 with XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity2779 :: (MESH:D011405,Chemical) :: ['propafenone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Skin is commonly stored frozen and then thawed prior to use for in vitro permeation experiments. Does frozen storage of skin alter its barrier property? Numerous studies have found contradictory answers to this question. In this study, the steady-state flux and lag time of @entity26459 ( @entity13202 ) were measured for fresh @entity1 skin and skin frozen at -85  C for 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months with 10% @entity653 as a cryoprotective agent. No significant differences in steady-state flux were found between fresh and previously frozen samples (p = 0.6). For lag time, a significant (p = 0.002) difference was found among all groups, but comparisons with fresh skin were not significant. Does @entity653 have a cryoprotective effect? The steady-state flux and lag time of @entity13202 and @entity5834 were measured through @entity1 skin stored at -85  C for up to 12 months with and without 10% @entity653 . No significant differences in steady-state flux or lag time were found between samples stored with or without @entity653 for either @entity13202 or @entity5834 (p >=  0.17). These findings support the use of frozen skin to measure the passive permeation of chemicals in studies unconcerned with viability and metabolism. Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Effect of Frozen XXXX Epidermis Storage Duration and Cryoprotectant on Barrier Function Using Two Model Compounds.

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity26459 :: ('MESH:C007379', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl phthalate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Background: @entity64 risk is modifiable through many risk factors, one being healthy dietary habits. Fibre intake was associated with a reduced @entity64 risk in recent meta-analyses; however, data were contributed by relatively few studies, and few examined different @entity64 types.Methods:A total of 27   373 disease-free @entity1 were followed up for 14.4 years. Diet was assessed with a 217-item food frequency questionnaire and @entity64 cases were identified using English Hospital Episode Statistics and mortality records. Survival analysis was applied to assess the risk of total, ischaemic or @entity548 in relation to fibre intake.Results:A total of 135 @entity548 and 184 @entity64 cases were identified in addition to 138 cases where the @entity64 type was unknown or not recorded. Greater intake of total fibre, higher fibre density and greater soluble fibre, insoluble fibre and fibre from cereals were associated with a significantly lower risk for total @entity64 . For total @entity64 , the hazard ratio per 6   g/day total fibre intake was 0.89 (95% confidence intervals: 0.81-0.99). Different findings were observed for @entity548 and @entity64 in healthy-weight or overweight @entity1 . Total fibre, insoluble fibre and cereal fibre were inversely associated with @entity548 risk in overweight/obese @entity1 , and in healthy-weight @entity1 greater cereal fibre was associated with a lower @entity64 risk. In non- @entity101 @entity1 , higher fibre density was associated with lower @entity64 risk.Conclusions:Greater total fibre and fibre from cereals are associated with a lower @entity64 risk, and associations were more consistent with @entity64 . The different observations by @entity64 type, body mass index group or @entity101 status indicates potentially different mechanisms.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 3 December 2014; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.260.

title: Dietary fibre intake and risk of ischaemic and XXXX in the UK @entity1 's Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke', 'haemorrhagic']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhagic stroke']


abstract: Background: @entity64 risk is modifiable through many risk factors, one being healthy dietary habits. Fibre intake was associated with a reduced @entity64 risk in recent meta-analyses; however, data were contributed by relatively few studies, and few examined different @entity64 types.Methods:A total of 27   373 disease-free @entity1 were followed up for 14.4 years. Diet was assessed with a 217-item food frequency questionnaire and @entity64 cases were identified using English Hospital Episode Statistics and mortality records. Survival analysis was applied to assess the risk of total, ischaemic or @entity548 in relation to fibre intake.Results:A total of 135 @entity548 and 184 @entity64 cases were identified in addition to 138 cases where the @entity64 type was unknown or not recorded. Greater intake of total fibre, higher fibre density and greater soluble fibre, insoluble fibre and fibre from cereals were associated with a significantly lower risk for total @entity64 . For total @entity64 , the hazard ratio per 6   g/day total fibre intake was 0.89 (95% confidence intervals: 0.81-0.99). Different findings were observed for @entity548 and @entity64 in healthy-weight or overweight @entity1 . Total fibre, insoluble fibre and cereal fibre were inversely associated with @entity548 risk in overweight/obese @entity1 , and in healthy-weight @entity1 greater cereal fibre was associated with a lower @entity64 risk. In non- @entity101 @entity1 , higher fibre density was associated with lower @entity64 risk.Conclusions:Greater total fibre and fibre from cereals are associated with a lower @entity64 risk, and associations were more consistent with @entity64 . The different observations by @entity64 type, body mass index group or @entity101 status indicates potentially different mechanisms.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, 3 December 2014; doi:10.1038/ejcn.2014.260.

title: Dietary fibre intake and risk of ischaemic and @entity548 in the UK XXXX 's Cohort Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The involvement of MADS-box genes of the AGAMOUS lineage in the formation of both flowers and fruits has been studied in detail in Angiosperms. AGAMOUS genes are expressed also in the reproductive structures of Gymnosperms, yet the demonstration of their role has been problematic because Gymnosperms are woody plants difficult to manipulate for physiological and genetic studies. Recently, it was shown that in the gymnosperm @entity4044 an AGAMOUS gene was expressed throughout development and ripening of the fleshy fruit-like structures produced by this species around its seeds. Such fleshy structures are evolutionarily very important because they favor the dispersal of seeds through endozoochory. In this work a characterization of the @entity4044 gene was carried out by over-expressing it in @entity523 . RESULTS: In @entity523 plants ectopically expressing the @entity4044 AGAMOUS gene a macroscopic anomaly was observed only in the flower sepals. While the wild type sepals had a leaf-like appearance, the transgenic ones appeared connately adjoined at their proximal extremity and, concomitant with the development and ripening of the fruit, they became thicker and acquired a yellowish-orange color, thus indicating that they had undergone a homeotic transformation into carpel-like structures. Molecular analyses of several genes associated with either the control of ripening or the ripening syndrome in @entity523 fruits confirmed that the transgenic sepals behaved like ectopic fruits that could undergo some ripening, although the red color typical of the ripe @entity523 fruit was never achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The ectopic expression of the @entity4044 AGAMOUS gene in @entity523 caused the homeotic transformation of the transgenic sepals into carpel-like structures, and this showed that the gymnosperm gene has a genuine C function. In parallel with the ripening of fruits the related transgenic sepals became fleshy fruit-like structures that also underwent some ripening and such a result indicates that this C function gene might be involved, together with other gens, also in the development of the @entity4044 fruit-like structures. It seems thus strengthened the hypothesis that AGAMOUS MADS-box genes were recruited already in Gymnosperms for the development of the fleshy fruit habit which is evolutionarily so important for the dispersal of seeds.

title: Characterization of an AGAMOUS gene expressed throughout development of the fleshy fruit-like structure produced by XXXX around its seeds.

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo', 'Ginkgo biloba']

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Species) :: ['Ginkgo biloba']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of oral lesions has not been widely utilized for diagnosis due to rarity and diversity of lesions, peculiar anatomy of maxillofacial region, difficulty in aspirating these lesions, and limited experience. Aim of this study was to determine the role of FNAC in the diagnosis of @entity89 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty two @entity1 underwent FNAC over a period of 7 years (2007-2013), of which 127 (89.4%) aspirates were diagnostic. Histopathologic correlation was available in 83 cases and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was calculated. RESULTS: Of the minor salivary gland lesions, 41 out of 55 lesions (74.5%) were benign and 14 (25.4%) were malignant. Mucocele was the most common lesion in oral cavity (30 cases) and @entity5123 was the commonest @entity14253 (9 cases). Of the 72 non-salivary-gland lesions, 22 lesions were inflammatory, 4 were epidermal inclusion cysts, 21 were @entity5 , and the remaining 25 presented as radiolucent jaw @entity79 . Diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in our study was 91.6% with 6 false negatives and 1 false positive. Four @entity5 and one case of cystic @entity1567 were misdiagnosed as false negative on cytology. CONCLUSION: Cytological features are diagnostic in certain inflammatory lesions of infective etiology and @entity5 conditions like Langerhans cell histiocytosis, @entity706 , @entity6872 , @entity2828 , and @entity957 . However, accurate subtyping of giant cell lesions, @entity5 , odontogenic @entity5 , and @entity5409 may not be always feasible on FNAC. FNAC is highly accurate in early diagnosis of @entity89 .

title: Diagnostic role and limitations of FNAC in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's tumor"]

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glandular malignancies', 'neoplastic', 'salivary gland tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity14253 :: ('MESH:D012468', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['oral and jaw lesions', 'oral and jaw swellings']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity89 :: (MESH:D007571,Disease) :: ['oral and jaw swellings']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ethiopia has scaled up its community-based programs over the past decade by training and deploying @entity283 ( @entity283 ) in rural communities throughout the country. Consequently, @entity1 mortality has declined substantially, placing Ethiopia among the few countries that have achieved the United Nations' fourth Millennium Development Goal. As Ethiopia continues its efforts, results must be assessed regularly to provide timely feedback for improvement and to generate further support for programs. More specifically the expansion of @entity283 at the community level provides a unique opportunity to build a system for real-time monitoring of births and @entity204 , linked to a civil registration and vital statistics system that Ethiopia is also developing. We tested the accuracy and @entity600 and @entity204 reported by trained @entity283 for monitoring @entity1 mortality over 15 -month periods. METHODS AND FINDINGS: @entity283 were trained in 93 randomly selected rural kebeles in Jimma and West Hararghe zones of the Oromia region to report births and @entity204 over a 15-month period from January, 2012 to March, 2013. @entity1939 of births and @entity204 , age distribution of @entity204 , and accuracy of resulting under-five, @entity1 , and neonatal mortality rates were assessed against data from a large household survey with full birth history from @entity1 aged 15-49. Although, in general @entity283 , were able to accurately report events that they identified, the completeness of number of births and @entity204 reported over twelve-month periods was very low and variable across the two zones. Compared to household survey estimates, @entity283 reported only about 30% of births and 21% of under-five @entity204 occurring in their communities over a twelve-month period. The under-five mortality rate was under-estimated by around 30%, @entity1 mortality rate by 23% and neonatal mortality by 17%. @entity283 reported disproportionately higher number of @entity204 among the very young @entity1 than among the older @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Birth and @entity204 data reported by @entity283 are not complete enough to support the monitoring of changes in childhood mortality. @entity283 can significantly contribute to the success of a CRVS in Ethiopia, but cannot be relied upon as the sole source for identification of vital events. Further studies are needed to understand how to increase the level of completeness.

title: Using Health Extension Workers for Monitoring XXXX Mortality in Real-Time: Validation against Household Survey Data in Rural Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health extension workers', 'HEWs']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['completeness of births']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['Completeness of number']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: @entity45961 , @entity18389 , and @entity71764 are antifungal agents used in agricultural applications, which are present at measurable amounts in fruits and vegetables. The induction of @entity13323 gene expression including @entity4187 and @entity4188 is mediated by the transformation of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ), and modulated by @entity5874 ( @entity5874 ). @entity4187 is expressed in the liver, pancreas, thymus, uterus, and small intestine. @entity4188 is abundant in the prostate, breast, and uterus. Expression levels of @entity4187 and @entity4188 indicate @entity2556 -induced immunotoxicity, oxidative stress, and activation of environmental carcinogens. In this study, the ability of cell viability was examined as @entity98 assay by pesticides; @entity45961 , @entity18389 and @entity71764 . In addition, expression levels of mRNA and protein of @entity5874 , @entity4187 , and @entity4910 were analysed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in BG-1 @entity43 cells with @entity2931 receptors (ER). To evaluate the ability of cell viability, BG-1 cells were cultured with a negative control (0.1% @entity3733 ), 17b-oestradiol (E2; 1*10(-9)M), @entity45961 , @entity18389 or @entity71764 (10(-5)-10(-8)M). To evaluate the expression levels of mRNA and protein, BG-1 cells were cultured with a negative control (0.1% @entity3733 ), 17b-oestradiol (E2; 10(-9)M) and these pesticides (10(-5)M). As results, E2 as a positive control markedly increased BG-1 cell viability ~5 times compared to a negative control (P<0.05). In addition, treatments with these pesticides increased BG-1 cell viability at the concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-5)M about from 1.5 to 2 times, respectively (P<0.05). When respective treatment co-treated with @entity1299 , an ER antagonist, BG-1 cell viability was reversed to the level of a negative control. The mRNA expression of @entity4187 was increased by E2, @entity45961 , and @entity71764 in a time-dependent manner but not by @entity18389 , while its level was reversed in the presence of @entity1299 . In parallel with their transcriptional levels, protein levels of @entity4187 and @entity4910 were induced by E2 and these pesticides, while the level of @entity5874 was not altered by E2 and these pesticides. Taken together, these results imply that the pesticides, @entity45961 , @entity18389 , and @entity71764 , may have disruptive effects on ER expressing cells or tissues by alteration of @entity4187 and @entity4910 via an ER-dependent pathway.

title: 222 antifungal agents as agricultural products, XXXX , @entity18389 , and @entity71764 , induced the expression of cytochrome p450 family and cell cycle-related genes in estrogen receptor expressing bg-1 @entity43 cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity71764 :: ('MESH:C108338', 'Chemical') :: ['cyprodinil']

entities_list: @entity18389 :: ('MESH:C108339', 'Chemical') :: ['fludioxonil']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5874 :: ('196', 'Gene') :: ['AhR', 'aryl hydrocarbon receptor']

entities_list: @entity45961 :: ('MESH:C451426', 'Chemical') :: ['fenhexamid', 'Fenhexamid']

answer: @entity45961 :: (MESH:C451426,Chemical) :: ['fenhexamid']


abstract: @entity45961 , @entity18389 , and @entity71764 are antifungal agents used in agricultural applications, which are present at measurable amounts in fruits and vegetables. The induction of @entity13323 gene expression including @entity4187 and @entity4188 is mediated by the transformation of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ), and modulated by @entity5874 ( @entity5874 ). @entity4187 is expressed in the liver, pancreas, thymus, uterus, and small intestine. @entity4188 is abundant in the prostate, breast, and uterus. Expression levels of @entity4187 and @entity4188 indicate @entity2556 -induced immunotoxicity, oxidative stress, and activation of environmental carcinogens. In this study, the ability of cell viability was examined as @entity98 assay by pesticides; @entity45961 , @entity18389 and @entity71764 . In addition, expression levels of mRNA and protein of @entity5874 , @entity4187 , and @entity4910 were analysed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in BG-1 @entity43 cells with @entity2931 receptors (ER). To evaluate the ability of cell viability, BG-1 cells were cultured with a negative control (0.1% @entity3733 ), 17b-oestradiol (E2; 1*10(-9)M), @entity45961 , @entity18389 or @entity71764 (10(-5)-10(-8)M). To evaluate the expression levels of mRNA and protein, BG-1 cells were cultured with a negative control (0.1% @entity3733 ), 17b-oestradiol (E2; 10(-9)M) and these pesticides (10(-5)M). As results, E2 as a positive control markedly increased BG-1 cell viability ~5 times compared to a negative control (P<0.05). In addition, treatments with these pesticides increased BG-1 cell viability at the concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-5)M about from 1.5 to 2 times, respectively (P<0.05). When respective treatment co-treated with @entity1299 , an ER antagonist, BG-1 cell viability was reversed to the level of a negative control. The mRNA expression of @entity4187 was increased by E2, @entity45961 , and @entity71764 in a time-dependent manner but not by @entity18389 , while its level was reversed in the presence of @entity1299 . In parallel with their transcriptional levels, protein levels of @entity4187 and @entity4910 were induced by E2 and these pesticides, while the level of @entity5874 was not altered by E2 and these pesticides. Taken together, these results imply that the pesticides, @entity45961 , @entity18389 , and @entity71764 , may have disruptive effects on ER expressing cells or tissues by alteration of @entity4187 and @entity4910 via an ER-dependent pathway.

title: 222 antifungal agents as agricultural products, @entity45961 , XXXX , and @entity71764 , induced the expression of cytochrome p450 family and cell cycle-related genes in estrogen receptor expressing bg-1 @entity43 cells.

answer: @entity18389 :: (MESH:C108339,Chemical) :: ['fludioxonil']


abstract: @entity45961 , @entity18389 , and @entity71764 are antifungal agents used in agricultural applications, which are present at measurable amounts in fruits and vegetables. The induction of @entity13323 gene expression including @entity4187 and @entity4188 is mediated by the transformation of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ), and modulated by @entity5874 ( @entity5874 ). @entity4187 is expressed in the liver, pancreas, thymus, uterus, and small intestine. @entity4188 is abundant in the prostate, breast, and uterus. Expression levels of @entity4187 and @entity4188 indicate @entity2556 -induced immunotoxicity, oxidative stress, and activation of environmental carcinogens. In this study, the ability of cell viability was examined as @entity98 assay by pesticides; @entity45961 , @entity18389 and @entity71764 . In addition, expression levels of mRNA and protein of @entity5874 , @entity4187 , and @entity4910 were analysed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in BG-1 @entity43 cells with @entity2931 receptors (ER). To evaluate the ability of cell viability, BG-1 cells were cultured with a negative control (0.1% @entity3733 ), 17b-oestradiol (E2; 1*10(-9)M), @entity45961 , @entity18389 or @entity71764 (10(-5)-10(-8)M). To evaluate the expression levels of mRNA and protein, BG-1 cells were cultured with a negative control (0.1% @entity3733 ), 17b-oestradiol (E2; 10(-9)M) and these pesticides (10(-5)M). As results, E2 as a positive control markedly increased BG-1 cell viability ~5 times compared to a negative control (P<0.05). In addition, treatments with these pesticides increased BG-1 cell viability at the concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-5)M about from 1.5 to 2 times, respectively (P<0.05). When respective treatment co-treated with @entity1299 , an ER antagonist, BG-1 cell viability was reversed to the level of a negative control. The mRNA expression of @entity4187 was increased by E2, @entity45961 , and @entity71764 in a time-dependent manner but not by @entity18389 , while its level was reversed in the presence of @entity1299 . In parallel with their transcriptional levels, protein levels of @entity4187 and @entity4910 were induced by E2 and these pesticides, while the level of @entity5874 was not altered by E2 and these pesticides. Taken together, these results imply that the pesticides, @entity45961 , @entity18389 , and @entity71764 , may have disruptive effects on ER expressing cells or tissues by alteration of @entity4187 and @entity4910 via an ER-dependent pathway.

title: 222 antifungal agents as agricultural products, @entity45961 , @entity18389 , and XXXX , induced the expression of cytochrome p450 family and cell cycle-related genes in estrogen receptor expressing bg-1 @entity43 cells.

answer: @entity71764 :: (MESH:C108338,Chemical) :: ['cyprodinil']


abstract: @entity45961 , @entity18389 , and @entity71764 are antifungal agents used in agricultural applications, which are present at measurable amounts in fruits and vegetables. The induction of @entity13323 gene expression including @entity4187 and @entity4188 is mediated by the transformation of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ), and modulated by @entity5874 ( @entity5874 ). @entity4187 is expressed in the liver, pancreas, thymus, uterus, and small intestine. @entity4188 is abundant in the prostate, breast, and uterus. Expression levels of @entity4187 and @entity4188 indicate @entity2556 -induced immunotoxicity, oxidative stress, and activation of environmental carcinogens. In this study, the ability of cell viability was examined as @entity98 assay by pesticides; @entity45961 , @entity18389 and @entity71764 . In addition, expression levels of mRNA and protein of @entity5874 , @entity4187 , and @entity4910 were analysed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in BG-1 @entity43 cells with @entity2931 receptors (ER). To evaluate the ability of cell viability, BG-1 cells were cultured with a negative control (0.1% @entity3733 ), 17b-oestradiol (E2; 1*10(-9)M), @entity45961 , @entity18389 or @entity71764 (10(-5)-10(-8)M). To evaluate the expression levels of mRNA and protein, BG-1 cells were cultured with a negative control (0.1% @entity3733 ), 17b-oestradiol (E2; 10(-9)M) and these pesticides (10(-5)M). As results, E2 as a positive control markedly increased BG-1 cell viability ~5 times compared to a negative control (P<0.05). In addition, treatments with these pesticides increased BG-1 cell viability at the concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-5)M about from 1.5 to 2 times, respectively (P<0.05). When respective treatment co-treated with @entity1299 , an ER antagonist, BG-1 cell viability was reversed to the level of a negative control. The mRNA expression of @entity4187 was increased by E2, @entity45961 , and @entity71764 in a time-dependent manner but not by @entity18389 , while its level was reversed in the presence of @entity1299 . In parallel with their transcriptional levels, protein levels of @entity4187 and @entity4910 were induced by E2 and these pesticides, while the level of @entity5874 was not altered by E2 and these pesticides. Taken together, these results imply that the pesticides, @entity45961 , @entity18389 , and @entity71764 , may have disruptive effects on ER expressing cells or tissues by alteration of @entity4187 and @entity4910 via an ER-dependent pathway.

title: 222 antifungal agents as agricultural products, @entity45961 , @entity18389 , and @entity71764 , induced the expression of cytochrome p450 family and cell cycle-related genes in estrogen receptor expressing bg-1 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Aim. To estimate the clinical significance of anti- @entity934 receptor antibody (anti-AChR-Ab) levels in suspected @entity1737 . Methods. In total, 144 @entity1 complaining of fluctuating @entity892 and @entity1736 were evaluated for serum levels of anti- @entity934 receptor antibody and their medical charts were retrospectively reviewed. Subjects were classified into three groups: variable @entity892 only, @entity1736 only, and both variable @entity892 and @entity1736 . We investigated serum anti-AChR-Ab titer levels and performed thyroid autoantibody tests. Results. @entity1 ' chief complaints were @entity892 (N = 103), @entity1736 (N = 12), and their concurrence (N = 29). Abnormal anti-AChR-Ab was observed in 21 of 144 @entity1 (14.1%). Between the three groups, mean age, number of seropositive @entity1 , and mean anti-AChR-Ab level were not significantly different (P = 0.224, 0.073, and 0.062, resp.). Overall, 27.5% of @entity1 had abnormal thyroid autoantibodies. Conclusion. The sensitivity of anti-AChR-Ab was 14.1% in suspected @entity1737 and seropositivity in @entity1737 @entity1 showed a high correlation with the presence of thyroid autoantibodies.

title: The anti- @entity934 receptor antibody test in suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['ocular myasthenia gravis', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['ocular myasthenia gravis']


abstract: Aim. To estimate the clinical significance of anti- @entity934 receptor antibody (anti-AChR-Ab) levels in suspected @entity1737 . Methods. In total, 144 @entity1 complaining of fluctuating @entity892 and @entity1736 were evaluated for serum levels of anti- @entity934 receptor antibody and their medical charts were retrospectively reviewed. Subjects were classified into three groups: variable @entity892 only, @entity1736 only, and both variable @entity892 and @entity1736 . We investigated serum anti-AChR-Ab titer levels and performed thyroid autoantibody tests. Results. @entity1 ' chief complaints were @entity892 (N = 103), @entity1736 (N = 12), and their concurrence (N = 29). Abnormal anti-AChR-Ab was observed in 21 of 144 @entity1 (14.1%). Between the three groups, mean age, number of seropositive @entity1 , and mean anti-AChR-Ab level were not significantly different (P = 0.224, 0.073, and 0.062, resp.). Overall, 27.5% of @entity1 had abnormal thyroid autoantibodies. Conclusion. The sensitivity of anti-AChR-Ab was 14.1% in suspected @entity1737 and seropositivity in @entity1737 @entity1 showed a high correlation with the presence of thyroid autoantibodies.

title: The anti- XXXX receptor antibody test in suspected @entity1737 .

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity2846 ( @entity2846 ) is a unique structure in the brain that forms an interface between the peripheral blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which is mostly produced by the @entity2846 itself. Since the @entity2846 transcriptome is regulated by the sex hormone background, the goal of this study was to compare gene/ protein expression profiles in the @entity2846 and CSF from male and female @entity35 to better understand sex related differences in @entity2846 functions and brain physiology. We used data previously obtained by cDNA microarrays to compare the @entity2846 transcriptome between male and female @entity35 , and complemented these data with the proteomic analysis of the CSF of castrated and sham-operated males and females. Microarray analysis showed that 17128 and 17002 genes are expressed in the male and female @entity2846 , what allowed the functional annotation of 141 and 134 pathways, respectively. Among the most expressed genes, canonical pathways associated with @entity2383 and oxidative phosphorylation were the most prominent, while the most relevant molecular and cellular functions annotated were protein synthesis, cellular growth and proliferation, cell death and survival, molecular transport and protein trafficking. No significant differences were found between males and females regarding these pathways. Seminal functions of the @entity2846 differentially regulated between sexes were the circadian rhythm signalling, and several canonical pathways related to stem cell differentiation, metabolism, and the barrier function of the @entity2846 . The proteomic analysis identified 5 down-regulated proteins in the CSF samples from male @entity35 compared with females and 7 proteins exhibiting marked variation in the CSF of gonadectomised males in comparison to sham animals, whereas no differences were found between sham and ovariectomized females. These data clearly show sex related differences in the @entity2846 gene expression and in the CSF protein composition that may impact on @entity16 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Sex related differences in XXXX choroid plexus and cerebrospinal fluid: a cDNA microarray and proteomic analysis.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus epithelium', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunctions']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The development of @entity1295 after non-exhaustive and exhaustive exercise eliciting differing metabolic demands is poorly understood. Sixteen active males completed five cycling trials. The first trial established the @entity880 threshold (LT) and maximal @entity26 uptake (VO2max ). Two of the remaining trials were completed at a severe intensity (halfway between LT and VO2max , SI) and two at a moderate intensity (90% LT, MI). Each trial involved two non-exhaustive bouts matched for work between intensities before cycling to exhaustion. Responses to stimulation of the femoral nerve and motor cortex were determined after each bout to determine peripheral and central @entity1295 . @entity2146 , cortical silent period (cSP), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF) were also assessed. Non-exhaustive cycling induced greater peripheral and central @entity1295 in the SI compared with the MI (P   <   0.05). At exhaustion, there was no difference between intensities; however, @entity1897 tended to be greater in the SI vs MI (-31% vs -17%, respectively, P   =   0.051). Exhaustive cycling increased SICI (24%, P   <   0.001) and reduced the cSP (-14%, P   <   0.001) in the SI, whereas ICF was reduced in the MI (-16%, P   <   0.001). These findings demonstrate exercise-induced metabolic stress accelerates the development of peripheral and central @entity1295 , and differentially influences intracortical excitability.

title: Central and XXXX following non-exhaustive and exhaustive exercise of disparate metabolic demands.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral fatigue']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['Corticospinal excitability']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral fatigue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis and chemoresistance of signet-ring cell (SRC) @entity356 have been reported and debated, and the utility of perioperative chemotherapy for such a @entity5 has been questioned . This study was performed to assess the impact of the SRC type on survival following resection of @entity356 , and to assess whether the prognostic factors (including perioperative chemotherapy) for non-SRC @entity420 differed from those for SRC @entity420 . METHODS: 1799 cases of @entity420 that were consecutively treated from 1997 to 2010 in 19 French centers by subtotal or total gastrectomy were included in a retrospective study. A D2 lymphadenectomy was performed for @entity5 , and a modified D2 for upper @entity5 . SRC @entity420 was diagnosed based on the presence of @entity189 cells containing mucin. RESULTS: A total gastrectomy was performed in 979 (54.4  %) @entity1 . SRC @entity420 was diagnosed in 899 (50  %) @entity1 . @entity1 with an SRC @entity5 were more frequently female, younger, and malnourished, had lower ASA scores, and had larger @entity5 than non-SRC @entity1 . Median survival in @entity1 with @entity2580 was 51  months, as compared to 26  months in @entity1 with @entity2580 (p  <  0.001). At multivariate analysis, SRC type remained an independent adverse prognostic factor (HR  =  1.182). Factors that were prognostic in the SRC subgroup but not in the non-SRC subgroup were age >60  years, linitis, and involvement of adjacent organs. In contrast to non-SRC @entity5 , pre- and postoperative chemotherapy did not significantly impact on survival following resection of SRC @entity420 . CONCLUSION: In comparison to non-SRC @entity420 , the SRC type has a worse prognosis, different prognostic factors, and is only poorly sensitive to perioperative chemotherapy. Non-SRC and SRC @entity420 should be considered different entities in future therapeutic trials.

title: Is XXXX a specific entity among @entity356 ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'antropyloric tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['SRC carcinoma', 'non-SRC carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['isolated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2580 :: (MESH:D018279,Disease) :: ['signet-ring cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis and chemoresistance of signet-ring cell (SRC) @entity356 have been reported and debated, and the utility of perioperative chemotherapy for such a @entity5 has been questioned . This study was performed to assess the impact of the SRC type on survival following resection of @entity356 , and to assess whether the prognostic factors (including perioperative chemotherapy) for non-SRC @entity420 differed from those for SRC @entity420 . METHODS: 1799 cases of @entity420 that were consecutively treated from 1997 to 2010 in 19 French centers by subtotal or total gastrectomy were included in a retrospective study. A D2 lymphadenectomy was performed for @entity5 , and a modified D2 for upper @entity5 . SRC @entity420 was diagnosed based on the presence of @entity189 cells containing mucin. RESULTS: A total gastrectomy was performed in 979 (54.4  %) @entity1 . SRC @entity420 was diagnosed in 899 (50  %) @entity1 . @entity1 with an SRC @entity5 were more frequently female, younger, and malnourished, had lower ASA scores, and had larger @entity5 than non-SRC @entity1 . Median survival in @entity1 with @entity2580 was 51  months, as compared to 26  months in @entity1 with @entity2580 (p  <  0.001). At multivariate analysis, SRC type remained an independent adverse prognostic factor (HR  =  1.182). Factors that were prognostic in the SRC subgroup but not in the non-SRC subgroup were age >60  years, linitis, and involvement of adjacent organs. In contrast to non-SRC @entity5 , pre- and postoperative chemotherapy did not significantly impact on survival following resection of SRC @entity420 . CONCLUSION: In comparison to non-SRC @entity420 , the SRC type has a worse prognosis, different prognostic factors, and is only poorly sensitive to perioperative chemotherapy. Non-SRC and SRC @entity420 should be considered different entities in future therapeutic trials.

title: Is @entity2580 a specific entity among XXXX ?

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancers']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Unstable inter-trochanteric fracture in the geriatric population is a common injury and is associated with poor bone quality, @entity891 , @entity819 , and cut-out of the lag screw, are the common problems of attempts to fix these @entity174 . Present study is an attempt to evaluate the functional outcome of @entity162 in unstable inter-trochanteric @entity174 in elderly @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 25 cases with unstable inter-trochanteric fracture of femur between 60 -75 y of age in whom primary Cemented Bipolar hemi - arthroplasty was performed. The @entity1 were followed up at six week, three month, six month and one year postoperatively and assessed using Harris Hip Score (HHS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Visual analogue scale (VAS) for evaluation of outcome. RESULTS: The mean HHS score was 78.86+8.13 by the end of one year. Similarly mean LEFS score was 34.36+7.01 by the end of one year, whereas the mean @entity158 score on VAS Scale by the year end was 1.04+1.02. DISCUSSION: The changes in HHS, LEFS and VAS up to six months periods are much greater which starts showing a stable trend thereafter. Fair to good scores were observed in all the @entity1 . We compared our results with those reported by other authors and our study gave quite comparable results. We also used lower extremity function status score (LEFS) for assessment of functional ability. The purpose of its use was that while Harris Hip Score (HHS) provides information on a multitude of factors, LEFS is more @entity1 oriented and provides the correct information about the level of activities a @entity1 can resume post-operatively and can be offered as a self assessment tool. No significant complication except for grade I pressure sores in four @entity1 were seen in postoperative period but they all resolved with proper nursing care by six week follow up. No @entity1 required revision surgery. CONCLUSION: The authors believe that @entity162 for unstable inter-trochanteric @entity174 of femur in elderly does provide early ambulation, good functional outcome, @entity158 free joint with minimal complications without the need for revision surgery.

title: Hemi replacement arthroplasty for unstable inter-trochanteric XXXX of femur.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['primary cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity819 :: ('MESH:C536424', 'Disease') :: ['loss of fixation']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['excessive collapse']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overhydration has a deleterious effect on cardio myocytes. This study was designated to evaluate @entity1002 in @entity1 with various stages of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) using conventional, tissue Doppler and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE). METHODS: Forty controls and 90 @entity740 @entity1 , aged 49.3    14 years old, were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups depending on their glomerular filtration rate. Group 1 (>= 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) ), group 2 ( <=60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) ), and group 3 ( <=60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) and on regular dialysis for at least 12 months). Pulsed-Doppler and tissue Doppler studies were used to estimate LV filling pressure E/E'. Using 2DSTE, circumferential, radial, and longitudinal functions of the LV have been measured. RESULTS: @entity1002 , early, and late diastolic strain rates were significantly reduced in @entity740 @entity1 (-16.9    3.8%, 1.6    0.5%, and 1.3    0.4% in @entity740 vs. -22.5    0.6%, 2.3    0.2%, and 1.9    0.1% in controls, P < 0.001 for all), and no difference was observed in terms of the circumferential LV functions (-22.4    1.7 vs. -22.5    1.4, P = 0.567). Severity of the @entity8 appears to parallel with the rise of E/E' significantly (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity740 , although the longitudinal and radial systolic functions were reduced, LV ejection fraction may remain within normal limits due to the preservation of the circumferential functions. Early detection of uremic @entity296 might provide useful information for the risk stratification and decide the proper dialysis therapy in these @entity1 .

title: Early Detection of Subclinical XXXX Using Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV longitudinal systolic strain', 'left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Uremic Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity1188 size and @entity2657 following @entity63 /reperfusion are reduced by inhibitors of the Na+, K+, 2Cl-, and water cotransporter @entity17365 and by @entity2161 antagonists. @entity17365 is a secondary active transporter, mainly localized in astrocytes, driven by transmembrane Na+/K+ gradients generated by the Na+,K+-ATPase. The astrocytic Na+,K+-ATPase is stimulated by small increases in extracellular K+ concentration and by the b-adrenergic agonist @entity3044 . Larger K+ increases, as occurring during @entity63 , also stimulate @entity17365 , creating cell swelling. This study showed no @entity4 after 3   hr medial cerebral artery occlusion but pronounced @entity4 after 8   hr reperfusion. The @entity4 was abolished by inhibitors of specifically b1-adrenergic pathways, indicating failure of K+-mediated, but not @entity2161 -mediated, stimulation of Na+,K+-ATPase/ @entity17365 transport during reoxygenation. Ninety percent reduction of extracellular @entity141 concentration occurs in @entity63 . @entity141 omission abolished K+ uptake in normoxic cultures of astrocytes after addition of 5   mM @entity4338 . A large decrease in ouabain potency on K+ uptake in cultured astrocytes was also demonstrated in @entity141 -depleted media, and endogenous ouabains are needed for astrocytic K+ uptake. Thus, among the ionic changes induced by @entity63 , the decrease in extracellular @entity141 causes failure of the high-K+-stimulated Na+,K+-ATPase/ @entity17365 ion/water uptake, making b1-adrenergic activation the only stimulus and its inhibition effective against @entity4 .

title: Inhibition of @entity4 after @entity63 -reperfusion by b-adrenergic antagonists: correlation with increased K+ and decreased XXXX concentrations in extracellular fluid.

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: @entity1188 size and @entity2657 following @entity63 /reperfusion are reduced by inhibitors of the Na+, K+, 2Cl-, and water cotransporter @entity17365 and by @entity2161 antagonists. @entity17365 is a secondary active transporter, mainly localized in astrocytes, driven by transmembrane Na+/K+ gradients generated by the Na+,K+-ATPase. The astrocytic Na+,K+-ATPase is stimulated by small increases in extracellular K+ concentration and by the b-adrenergic agonist @entity3044 . Larger K+ increases, as occurring during @entity63 , also stimulate @entity17365 , creating cell swelling. This study showed no @entity4 after 3   hr medial cerebral artery occlusion but pronounced @entity4 after 8   hr reperfusion. The @entity4 was abolished by inhibitors of specifically b1-adrenergic pathways, indicating failure of K+-mediated, but not @entity2161 -mediated, stimulation of Na+,K+-ATPase/ @entity17365 transport during reoxygenation. Ninety percent reduction of extracellular @entity141 concentration occurs in @entity63 . @entity141 omission abolished K+ uptake in normoxic cultures of astrocytes after addition of 5   mM @entity4338 . A large decrease in ouabain potency on K+ uptake in cultured astrocytes was also demonstrated in @entity141 -depleted media, and endogenous ouabains are needed for astrocytic K+ uptake. Thus, among the ionic changes induced by @entity63 , the decrease in extracellular @entity141 causes failure of the high-K+-stimulated Na+,K+-ATPase/ @entity17365 ion/water uptake, making b1-adrenergic activation the only stimulus and its inhibition effective against @entity4 .

title: Inhibition of @entity4 after XXXX -reperfusion by b-adrenergic antagonists: correlation with increased K+ and decreased @entity141 concentrations in extracellular fluid.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: @entity1188 size and @entity2657 following @entity63 /reperfusion are reduced by inhibitors of the Na+, K+, 2Cl-, and water cotransporter @entity17365 and by @entity2161 antagonists. @entity17365 is a secondary active transporter, mainly localized in astrocytes, driven by transmembrane Na+/K+ gradients generated by the Na+,K+-ATPase. The astrocytic Na+,K+-ATPase is stimulated by small increases in extracellular K+ concentration and by the b-adrenergic agonist @entity3044 . Larger K+ increases, as occurring during @entity63 , also stimulate @entity17365 , creating cell swelling. This study showed no @entity4 after 3   hr medial cerebral artery occlusion but pronounced @entity4 after 8   hr reperfusion. The @entity4 was abolished by inhibitors of specifically b1-adrenergic pathways, indicating failure of K+-mediated, but not @entity2161 -mediated, stimulation of Na+,K+-ATPase/ @entity17365 transport during reoxygenation. Ninety percent reduction of extracellular @entity141 concentration occurs in @entity63 . @entity141 omission abolished K+ uptake in normoxic cultures of astrocytes after addition of 5   mM @entity4338 . A large decrease in ouabain potency on K+ uptake in cultured astrocytes was also demonstrated in @entity141 -depleted media, and endogenous ouabains are needed for astrocytic K+ uptake. Thus, among the ionic changes induced by @entity63 , the decrease in extracellular @entity141 causes failure of the high-K+-stimulated Na+,K+-ATPase/ @entity17365 ion/water uptake, making b1-adrenergic activation the only stimulus and its inhibition effective against @entity4 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX after @entity63 -reperfusion by b-adrenergic antagonists: correlation with increased K+ and decreased @entity141 concentrations in extracellular fluid.

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['brain swelling']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In 2012 Alazami et al. described a novel syndromic cause of @entity71765 with distinct facial features and severe @entity717 . A homozygous frameshift mutation in @entity71766 , a chaperone of the noncoding RNA 7SK, was discovered in @entity1 from a single consanguineous Saudi family. To date, only one additional @entity1 has recently been described. To further delineate the phenotype associated with @entity71766 mutations, we report two additional cases originating from the Netherlands and Saudi Arabia. The @entity1 presented with @entity717 , distinct facial features and variable @entity851 . We describe their clinical features and compare them with the previously reported @entity1 . Both cases were identified by diagnostic whole-exome sequencing, which detected two homozygous pathogenic @entity71766 variants: @entity71767 in the Dutch case and @entity71768 in the Saudi Arabian case. Both variants are leading to frameshifts with introduction of premature stop codons, suggesting that loss of function is likely the disease mechanism. This study is an independent @entity751 due to @entity71766 depletion. Our cases broaden the associated clinical features of the syndrome and contribute to the delineation of the phenotypic spectrum of @entity71766 mutations.Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 26 November 2015; doi:10.1038/jhg.2015.134.

title: Broadening the phenotypic spectrum of pathogenic @entity71766 variants: two cases with @entity717 , variable XXXX and distinct facial features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['confirmation of the syndrome']

entities_list: @entity71765 :: ('MESH:C537404', 'Disease') :: ['primordial dwarfism']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['growth retardation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In 2012 Alazami et al. described a novel syndromic cause of @entity71765 with distinct facial features and severe @entity717 . A homozygous frameshift mutation in @entity71766 , a chaperone of the noncoding RNA 7SK, was discovered in @entity1 from a single consanguineous Saudi family. To date, only one additional @entity1 has recently been described. To further delineate the phenotype associated with @entity71766 mutations, we report two additional cases originating from the Netherlands and Saudi Arabia. The @entity1 presented with @entity717 , distinct facial features and variable @entity851 . We describe their clinical features and compare them with the previously reported @entity1 . Both cases were identified by diagnostic whole-exome sequencing, which detected two homozygous pathogenic @entity71766 variants: @entity71767 in the Dutch case and @entity71768 in the Saudi Arabian case. Both variants are leading to frameshifts with introduction of premature stop codons, suggesting that loss of function is likely the disease mechanism. This study is an independent @entity751 due to @entity71766 depletion. Our cases broaden the associated clinical features of the syndrome and contribute to the delineation of the phenotypic spectrum of @entity71766 mutations.Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 26 November 2015; doi:10.1038/jhg.2015.134.

title: Broadening the phenotypic spectrum of pathogenic @entity71766 variants: two cases with XXXX , variable @entity851 and distinct facial features.

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In 2012 Alazami et al. described a novel syndromic cause of @entity71765 with distinct facial features and severe @entity717 . A homozygous frameshift mutation in @entity71766 , a chaperone of the noncoding RNA 7SK, was discovered in @entity1 from a single consanguineous Saudi family. To date, only one additional @entity1 has recently been described. To further delineate the phenotype associated with @entity71766 mutations, we report two additional cases originating from the Netherlands and Saudi Arabia. The @entity1 presented with @entity717 , distinct facial features and variable @entity851 . We describe their clinical features and compare them with the previously reported @entity1 . Both cases were identified by diagnostic whole-exome sequencing, which detected two homozygous pathogenic @entity71766 variants: @entity71767 in the Dutch case and @entity71768 in the Saudi Arabian case. Both variants are leading to frameshifts with introduction of premature stop codons, suggesting that loss of function is likely the disease mechanism. This study is an independent @entity751 due to @entity71766 depletion. Our cases broaden the associated clinical features of the syndrome and contribute to the delineation of the phenotypic spectrum of @entity71766 mutations.Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 26 November 2015; doi:10.1038/jhg.2015.134.

title: Broadening the phenotypic spectrum of pathogenic XXXX variants: two cases with @entity717 , variable @entity851 and distinct facial features.

answer: @entity71766 :: (51574,Gene) :: ['LARP7']


abstract: This article describes the current status of surgical @entity3969 . Combined multimodal treatment including classical @entity1538 is still the most recommended and offers excellent survivals. @entity1 suffering from @entity3969 as potentially very long-term survivors also need great care of quality of their further life. Nephron-sparing surgery seems an important step in this regard; however, selection of @entity1 is necessary to avoid failures and decreasing survival rate. A new method of describing this kind of procedure developed within the SIOP @entity703 Study Group (RTSG) offers an opportunity for further comparisons and assessment. Minimally invasive nephrectomy is not recommended in the treatment of @entity3969 ; however, in experienced hands and correctly selected (rare) cases, minimally invasive nephrectomy may offer the same outcome as the classical open approach. Lymph nodes sampling, essential for reliable @entity5 , appeared rarely correct in @entity1 operated by this technique. Any competition with partial nephrectomy should be avoided in favor of the nephron-sparing approach. A small proportion of @entity1 still create surgical difficulties and this is in fact the target group for further surgical reviews. Their prognosis seems at least in part surgeon-dependent. Few clinical factors available preoperatively ( @entity5 side, age, and @entity5 volume) were detected as influencing potential risk of surgical failures. Once identified, this needs increased attention from the surgical point of view.

title: Current concepts in surgery for XXXX -the risk and function-adapted strategy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'staging']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor', 'approach to Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Tumours']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['wilms tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 progression and physiological changes within the cells are accompanied by alterations in the biophysical properties. Therefore, the cell biophysical properties can serve as promising markers for @entity5 detection and physiological activities. To aid in the investigation of the biophysical markers of cells, a microfluidic chip has been developed which consists of a constriction channel and embedded microelectrodes. Single-cell impedance magnitudes at four frequencies and entry and travel times are measured simultaneously during their transit through the constriction channel. This microchip provides a high-throughput, label-free, automated assay to identify biophysical signatures of malignant cells and monitor the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Here, we monitored the dynamic cellular biophysical properties in response to @entity5597 kinase inhibitors (SphKIs), and compared the effectiveness of drug delivery using @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with SphKIs versus conventional delivery. Cells treated with SphKIs showed significantly higher impedance magnitudes at all four frequencies. The bioelectrical parameters extracted using a model also revealed that the highly aggressive breast cells treated with SphKIs shifted electrically towards that of a less malignant phenotype; SphKI-treated cells exhibited an increase in cell-channel interface resistance and a significant decrease in specific membrane capacitance. Furthermore, SphKI-treated cells became slightly more deformable as measured by a decrease in their channel entry and travel times. We observed no significant difference in the bioelectrical changes produced by SphKI delivered conventionally or with NPs. However, NPs-packaged delivery of SphKI decreased the cell deformability. In summary, this study showed that while the bioelectrical properties of the cells were dominantly affected by SphKIs, the biomechanical properties were mainly changed by the NPs.

title: The impact of XXXX kinase inhibitor-loaded nanoparticles on bioelectrical and biomechanical properties of @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'poly lactic-co-glycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity5597 :: ('MESH:D013110', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine']

answer: @entity5597 :: (MESH:D013110,Chemical) :: ['sphingosine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 progression and physiological changes within the cells are accompanied by alterations in the biophysical properties. Therefore, the cell biophysical properties can serve as promising markers for @entity5 detection and physiological activities. To aid in the investigation of the biophysical markers of cells, a microfluidic chip has been developed which consists of a constriction channel and embedded microelectrodes. Single-cell impedance magnitudes at four frequencies and entry and travel times are measured simultaneously during their transit through the constriction channel. This microchip provides a high-throughput, label-free, automated assay to identify biophysical signatures of malignant cells and monitor the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Here, we monitored the dynamic cellular biophysical properties in response to @entity5597 kinase inhibitors (SphKIs), and compared the effectiveness of drug delivery using @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with SphKIs versus conventional delivery. Cells treated with SphKIs showed significantly higher impedance magnitudes at all four frequencies. The bioelectrical parameters extracted using a model also revealed that the highly aggressive breast cells treated with SphKIs shifted electrically towards that of a less malignant phenotype; SphKI-treated cells exhibited an increase in cell-channel interface resistance and a significant decrease in specific membrane capacitance. Furthermore, SphKI-treated cells became slightly more deformable as measured by a decrease in their channel entry and travel times. We observed no significant difference in the bioelectrical changes produced by SphKI delivered conventionally or with NPs. However, NPs-packaged delivery of SphKI decreased the cell deformability. In summary, this study showed that while the bioelectrical properties of the cells were dominantly affected by SphKIs, the biomechanical properties were mainly changed by the NPs.

title: The impact of @entity5597 kinase inhibitor-loaded nanoparticles on bioelectrical and biomechanical properties of XXXX cells.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Unlike acute @entity158 that warns us of @entity66 , @entity102 or persistent @entity158 serves no adaptive purpose. Though there is no agreed on definition of @entity1118 , it is commonly referred to as @entity158 that is without biological value, lasting longer than the typical healing time, not responsive to treatments based on specific remedies, and of a duration greater than 6 months. @entity1118 that is severe and intractable has detrimental consequences, including @entity458 , @entity393 , social isolation, and, not surprisingly, it is highly comorbid with @entity308 and @entity148 . Historically, @entity158 without an apparent anatomical or neurophysiological origin was labelled as psychopathological. This approach is damaging to the @entity1 and provider alike. It pollutes the therapeutic relationship by introducing an element of mutual distrust as well as implicit, if not explicit, blame. It is demoralizing to the @entity1 who feels at fault, disbelieved, and alone. Moreover, many medically unexplained @entity158 are now understood to involve an interplay between peripheral and central neurophysiological mechanisms that have gone awry. The new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fifth Edition, somatic symptom disorder overpsychologizes @entity1 with @entity1118 ; it has low sensitivity and specificity, and it contributes to misdiagnosis, as well as unnecessary stigma. @entity2166 remains the most appropriate, accurate, and acceptable diagnosis for @entity1 who are overly concerned about their @entity158 .

title: XXXX , Psychopathology, and DSM-5 Somatic Symptom Disorder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury or disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['Adjustment disorder']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pain']