abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity4096 ( @entity4096 ) III typical changes of skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia and muscle can be found. It was believed, that the thickening of the fascia is irreversible and it has been postulated that the degeneration of muscles is causative for the persistence of @entity6008 . @entity1 AND METHODS: By computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 8 @entity1 with therapy resistant venous ulcers were examined. Changes of fascia and muscles were determined preoperatively and 12 months after successful shave therapy. RESULTS: By CT a thinning of the preoperatively thickened fascia could be demonstrated in all @entity1 one year after surgery. Before shave therapy MRI showed that the fascia was not only thickened and blurred, but also had fluid accumulations perifascial. 12 months after therapy the fascia was thinner and sharply demarcated. The fluid was either absent or distinctively reduced. Referring to the thickness of fascia an average decrease of 0.084 cm (0.03-0.17 cm) was observed. Before surgery the muscles showed a @entity528 as a sign of @entity194 ; with CT and MRI no changes could be demonstrated after one year in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The results after one year demonstrate for the first time, that the changes of the fascia in @entity4096 III are reversible and that there is no direct correlation between the degeneration of muscles and the persistence of @entity3179 .

title: Changes of fascia and muscles before and 12 months after successful treatment of recalcitrant XXXX by shave therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['CVI', 'chronic venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fatty degeneration']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['recalcitrant leg ulcers']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: Background/Aims: Role of autophagy in neutrophil function and the association of autophagy and autophagy related (ATG) gene polymorphisms with @entity565 susceptibility were suggested. In this study, we investigated the genetic association of @entity10614 and @entity10615 polymorphisms with @entity565 risk, severity and @entity32 . Methods: We recruited 408 @entity565 @entity1 and 201 healthy controls. Sputum neutrophil counts were determined by H_E staining. Serum @entity687 ( @entity687 ) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genetic polymorphisms of @entity10614 ( @entity70826 , @entity70827 , and @entity70828 ) and @entity10615 ( @entity70829 and @entity70830 ) were genotyped. The functional activities of @entity10614 @entity70826 and @entity70827 variants were investigated by luciferase reporter assays. Results: No associations of @entity10614 and @entity10615 polymorphisms with @entity565 susceptibility and severity were found. @entity10614 @entity70826 and @entity70827 were in complete linkage disequilibrium. In the @entity565 group, GA/AA genotypes at @entity10614 @entity70827 were associated with higher neutrophil counts in sputum (p < 0.05); CC/TT genotype at @entity10614 @entity70828 associated with lower FEV1% predicted value (p < 0.05). DNA fragments containing @entity10614 -769T and -335G alleles had higher promoter activities compared to those with -769C and -335A in both @entity1 airway epithelial cells (A549, p < 0.01) and @entity1 mast cell (HMC-1, p < 0.001). GG and CC genotype at @entity10615 @entity70829 and @entity70830 were significantly associated with high serum levels of @entity687 (p < 0.05 for both variants). Conclusions: Genetic polymorphisms of @entity10614 and @entity10615 could contribute to @entity32 in the pathogenesis of adult @entity565 .

title: Association of autophagy related gene polymorphisms with XXXX in adult @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic airway inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['neutrophilic airway inflammation']


abstract: Background/Aims: Role of autophagy in neutrophil function and the association of autophagy and autophagy related (ATG) gene polymorphisms with @entity565 susceptibility were suggested. In this study, we investigated the genetic association of @entity10614 and @entity10615 polymorphisms with @entity565 risk, severity and @entity32 . Methods: We recruited 408 @entity565 @entity1 and 201 healthy controls. Sputum neutrophil counts were determined by H_E staining. Serum @entity687 ( @entity687 ) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Genetic polymorphisms of @entity10614 ( @entity70826 , @entity70827 , and @entity70828 ) and @entity10615 ( @entity70829 and @entity70830 ) were genotyped. The functional activities of @entity10614 @entity70826 and @entity70827 variants were investigated by luciferase reporter assays. Results: No associations of @entity10614 and @entity10615 polymorphisms with @entity565 susceptibility and severity were found. @entity10614 @entity70826 and @entity70827 were in complete linkage disequilibrium. In the @entity565 group, GA/AA genotypes at @entity10614 @entity70827 were associated with higher neutrophil counts in sputum (p < 0.05); CC/TT genotype at @entity10614 @entity70828 associated with lower FEV1% predicted value (p < 0.05). DNA fragments containing @entity10614 -769T and -335G alleles had higher promoter activities compared to those with -769C and -335A in both @entity1 airway epithelial cells (A549, p < 0.01) and @entity1 mast cell (HMC-1, p < 0.001). GG and CC genotype at @entity10615 @entity70829 and @entity70830 were significantly associated with high serum levels of @entity687 (p < 0.05 for both variants). Conclusions: Genetic polymorphisms of @entity10614 and @entity10615 could contribute to @entity32 in the pathogenesis of adult @entity565 .

title: Association of autophagy related gene polymorphisms with @entity32 in adult XXXX .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate how @entity227 ( @entity227 ) clusters affect performance-based measures of the ability to perform activities of daily living and subjective measures of vision-related quality of life (QoL) in @entity1 with @entity726 . DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Setting: Institutional - Wills Eye Hospital. STUDY POPULATION: 322 eyes of 161 @entity1 with moderate-stage @entity726 . OBSERVATION: @entity227 tests were conducted using the Humphrey 24-2 Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm standard perimeter. The VFs of each @entity1 were divided into five clusters: nasal, temporal, central, paracentral and peripheral. The score for each cluster was the averaged total deviation scores of all tested points within the cluster. Each cluster score was correlated with performance-based measures of visual function and subjective assessment of vision-related QoL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Compressed Assessment of Ability Related to Vision, the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25 (NEI VFQ-25) and the Modified @entity726 Symptom Scale. RESULTS: The central @entity227 cluster in the better eye was positively correlated with all Compressed Assessment of Ability Related to Vision (performance-based measure) subscales. The strongest correlation for the better eye was between the central @entity227 cluster and total Compressed Assessment of Ability Related to Vision score (0.39, P< 0.001). The inferior @entity227 hemisphere in both eyes was positively correlated with most Compressed Assessment of Ability Related to Vision subscales. Central @entity227 in the better eye were positively correlated with a majority of the NEI VFQ-25 subscales. There were no significant correlations between @entity227 and Modified @entity726 Symptom Scale subscales. CONCLUSIONS: Scores of central @entity2194 in both eyes were positively correlated with performance-based measures of the ability to perform activities of daily living. @entity726 @entity1 with central @entity735 were more likely to have reduced scores on assessments of vision-related QoL.

title: The Impact of Visual Field Clusters on Performance-Based Measures and Vision-Related Quality of Life in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['VF defects in the better eye and inferior hemisphere defects']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF', 'VF clusters']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['defects in the better eye']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate how @entity227 ( @entity227 ) clusters affect performance-based measures of the ability to perform activities of daily living and subjective measures of vision-related quality of life (QoL) in @entity1 with @entity726 . DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional study. METHODS: Setting: Institutional - Wills Eye Hospital. STUDY POPULATION: 322 eyes of 161 @entity1 with moderate-stage @entity726 . OBSERVATION: @entity227 tests were conducted using the Humphrey 24-2 Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm standard perimeter. The VFs of each @entity1 were divided into five clusters: nasal, temporal, central, paracentral and peripheral. The score for each cluster was the averaged total deviation scores of all tested points within the cluster. Each cluster score was correlated with performance-based measures of visual function and subjective assessment of vision-related QoL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Compressed Assessment of Ability Related to Vision, the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25 (NEI VFQ-25) and the Modified @entity726 Symptom Scale. RESULTS: The central @entity227 cluster in the better eye was positively correlated with all Compressed Assessment of Ability Related to Vision (performance-based measure) subscales. The strongest correlation for the better eye was between the central @entity227 cluster and total Compressed Assessment of Ability Related to Vision score (0.39, P< 0.001). The inferior @entity227 hemisphere in both eyes was positively correlated with most Compressed Assessment of Ability Related to Vision subscales. Central @entity227 in the better eye were positively correlated with a majority of the NEI VFQ-25 subscales. There were no significant correlations between @entity227 and Modified @entity726 Symptom Scale subscales. CONCLUSIONS: Scores of central @entity2194 in both eyes were positively correlated with performance-based measures of the ability to perform activities of daily living. @entity726 @entity1 with central @entity735 were more likely to have reduced scores on assessments of vision-related QoL.

title: The Impact of Visual Field Clusters on Performance-Based Measures and Vision-Related Quality of Life in XXXX with @entity726 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity25218 ( @entity25218 ), a new anticancer drug that has recently completed Phase I clinical trial, is effective against transplantable @entity19 @entity5 with established vasculature. We wished to determine the relationship between administration schedule and antitumor activity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: C57Bl/6 @entity19 with s.c. implanted @entity694 were used for determination of maximal tolerated doses and @entity5 growth delay. Plasma and tissue @entity25218 concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: Continuous infusion (30 mg/kg/day for 3 days) and daily i.p. administration schedules (7.5 mg/kg) were ineffective. A pharmacokinetically guided schedule was developed to increase @entity5 tissue drug concentrations without increasing the maximal plasma concentration. A schedule comprising a loading dose (25 mg/kg, i.p.) followed by supplementary doses (5 mg/kg after 4 and 8 h) provided a 1.6-fold increase in @entity5 tissue area under the concentration-time curve, no increased @entity137 , and superior antitumor activity (100% cure rate, as compared with 55% for a single i.p. dose of 25 mg/kg). A similar strategy was developed for oral administration with a loading dose (30 mg/kg) and supplementary doses (15 mg/kg after 4 and 8 h). It provided a 90% cure rate, in contrast to a single oral dose (0% cure rate). CONCLUSIONS: The antitumor action of @entity25218 is schedule dependent, and the achievement of an adequate @entity5 tissue @entity25218 concentration above a threshold value appears to be critical for activity. The use of a pharmacokinetically guided schedule provides excellent oral activity against @entity694 and provides a basis for developing more effective administration schedules in clinical trials.

title: Improvement of the antitumor activity of intraperitoneally and orally administered XXXX by optimal scheduling.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity25218 :: ('MESH:C066668', 'Chemical') :: ['DMXAA', '5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon 38 tumors']

answer: @entity25218 :: (MESH:C066668,Chemical) :: ['5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid']


abstract: Locoregional treatment of @entity0 involves adjacent, half blocked fields matched at isocenter. The objective of this work is to study the dosimetric effects of the uncertainties in jaw positioning for such a case, and how a treatment planning protocol including adjacent field overlap of 1 mm affects the dose distribution. A representative treatment plan, involving 6 and 15 photon beams, for a @entity1 treated at our hospital is chosen. Monte Carlo method (EGSnrc/BEAMnrc) is used to simulate the treatment. Uncertainties in jaw positioning of    1 mm are addressed, which implies extremes in reality of 2 mm field gap/overlap when planning adjacent fields without overlap and 1 mm gap or 3 mm overlap for a planning protocol with 1 mm overlap. Dosimetric parameters for @entity343 , lung and body are analyzed. Treatment planning protocol with 1 mm overlap of the adjacent fields does not considerably counteract possible underdosage of the target in the case studied. @entity343 -V95% is for example reduced from 95% for perfectly aligned fields to 90% and 91% for 2 mm and 1 mm gap, respectively. However, the risk of overdosage in @entity343 and in healthy soft tissue is increased when following the protocol with 1 mm overlap. A 3 mm overlap compared to 2 mm overlap results in an increase in maximum dose to @entity343 , @entity343 -D2%, from 113% to 121%. V120% for 'Body- @entity343 ' is also increased from 5 cm3 to 14 cm3. A treatment planning protocol with 1 mm overlap does not considerably improve the coverage of @entity343 in the case of @entity89 causing gap between fields, but increases the overdosage in @entity343 and doses to healthy tissue, in the case of overlapping fields, for the case investigated.

title: Jaw position uncertainty and adjacent fields in XXXX radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['erroneous jaw positions']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1333 of the central nervous system (IAC) is an idiopathic type of @entity1333 , exclusively affecting small to medium-sized blood vessels of the central nervous system. We report serial angiographical findings, mainly demonstrated with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in a case of IAC. A 58-year-old-female came to our hospital because of a sudden @entity10 . Computed tomography (CT) did not show any particular findings. MRA 3 days after the onset revealed diffuse arterial dilatations and segmental stenoses of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries. However, these findings did not lead us to make a diagnosis of IAC. Two days later she was admitted with increased @entity10 and @entity548 in the left frontal lobe on CT. Subsequent MRA demonstrated remarkable changes such as dilatated main trunks with segmental stenoses. @entity134 pulse therapy was started after definite diagnosis of IAC. She improved gradually and was @entity10 -free 15 days after the onset. Nevertheless, follow-up MRA at 15 days revealed diffusely narrowed anterior and middle cerebral arteries with @entity1347 . Characteristic findings of @entity1333 showed improvement at 29 days and had disappeared at 73 days. The @entity1 discontinued corticosteroids and has remained free from @entity10 for the last 7 months.

title: [Serial magnetic resonance angiography in a case with XXXX of the CNS].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['angiitis', 'Isolated angiitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['multiple segmental stenoses']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['isolated angiitis']


abstract: Changes induced by @entity1 sexual arousal serve reproductive and recreational functions. The current sexual phase model (desire, excitation, orgasm, and resolution) conveys little about this duarchy. Lack of spontaneous sexual desire in a third of nonclinic females indicates that the D phase needs splitting into D1 (the spontaneous [endogenous] activation of desire) and D2 (desire activated by sexual excitation at and during the E phase). Attempts to link D1 with reproduction by studies monitoring it over the menstrual cycle revealed a D1 peak just before or at ovulation, but its reliability is criticized because of the poor identification of the time of ovulation. Sexual arousal initiates enhanced genital blood flow, leading to the formation of a neurogenic transudate, lubricating the vagina, partly buffering its acidity, and increasing its @entity26 tension all features that enhance spermatozoal function and survival. Orgasm occurs with vaginal and uterine contractions. The latter have been misinterpreted as powering rapid sperm transport to facilitate fertilization, but such fast transport would lead to the tubal deposition of noncapacitated, incompetent @entity12179 . Vagino-cervico elevation, however, delays rapid sperm transport and allows the @entity1613 and sperm capacitation before the elevation resolves. The fastest transport of @entity12179 from cervix to the fallopian tubes occurs in the nonaroused female by uterine/subendometrial smooth muscle peristalsis. There is some evidence that even this may be reduced for a time after coitus, adding to the transport delay. If a number of the changes induced by sexual arousal are inadequately expressed, @entity250 could arise.

title: The physiology of sexual arousal in the XXXX female: a recreational and procreational synthesis.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity12179 :: ('OMIM:102530', 'Disease') :: ['spermatozoa']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of decoagulation']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual as well as reproductive dysfunctions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pulpal responses to the use of four resin composite materials as direct pulp capping agents. The importance and effects of individual pulp capping variables are not well understood; consequently histomorphometric analysis was used to analyze these variables. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Two hundred fifty standardized pulp-exposed cavities were prepared in nonhuman primate teeth. Exposed pulps were capped with @entity6086 and multistep and self-etching primer resin composites. Teeth were collected from 3 to 60 days to observe pulpal reactions. Following perfusion fixation, tissues were demineralized, sectioned, stained, and histomorphometrically measured. Bridge area, diameter of pulpal exposure, and @entity6675 floor width were measured. Tunnel defects, @entity7441 , and @entity32 were graded according to defined criteria. RESULTS: The variables correlated to dentinal bridge area were, in decreasing order of significance, time elapsed since exposure, diameter of pulpal exposure, pulp capping material, and tunnel defects. The variables correlated to @entity32 were the type and curing of pulp capping material. Other variables were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Pulp capping with resin composite materials provided acceptable pulpal inflammatory and dentinal bridge repair responses, comparable with those of @entity6086 . Although resin composites are promising as direct pulp capping agents, further investigations are required to optimize their application protocols to reduce the penetration of potentially cytotoxic monomers into pulpal tissue.

title: Histomorphometric analysis of dentinal bridge formation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['pulpal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7441 :: ('MESH:D056987', 'Disease') :: ['operative debris']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['pulpal inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment of @entity792 with therapies that tolerize pathogenic lymphocytes may obviate the need for longterm global immunosuppression. In vitro, non-Fc receptor binding derivatives of anti-murine CD3 monoclonal antibodies tolerize type 1 T cells and stimulate type 2 T cells. Recently, a humanized non-FcR binding derivative of the anti-human CD3 Mab OKT3, huOKT3gamma1(ala-ala), has been described. We hypothesized that this Mab may be safe and efficacious in the treatment of type 1 T lymphocyte mediated chronic @entity792 such as @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ). METHODS: In a Phase I/II trial, 7 @entity1 with @entity5144 were treated with escalating daily doses of huOKT3gamma1(ala-ala) for 12 to 14 days. Number of tender and swollen joints and a visual analog @entity158 scale were used to rate disease activity at entry and Day 30 and Day 90 after treatment. RESULTS: At Day 30, 6 of 7 @entity1 had > or = 75% improvement in the number of inflamed joints and an average 63% improvement on the @entity1 @entity158 scale. Two of 6 responders had sustained improvement at Day 90. No @entity1 treated with an initial dose < or = 1 mg had significant side effects, nor did they have detectable increases in serum cytokines. One @entity1 treated with 4 mg without escalation developed mild cytokine release symptoms associated with elevation of @entity688 . Transient T cell depletion occurred following treatment with the maximum dose of 4 mg, which resolved by Day 30. Antiidiotypic antibodies developed in 2 @entity1 ; however, there was no concurrent decrease in efficacy. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that huOKT3gamma1(ala-ala) may be useful in treating @entity5144 .

title: Modified anti-CD3 therapy in XXXX : a phase I/II clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: D2 total gastrectomy combined with splenectomy or pancreaticosplenectomy reportedly increases morbidity and mortality. Totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy (TLTG) for advanced @entity356 (AGC) remains controversial because of its technical difficulties and lack of long-term results. We determined the feasibility and safety of TLTG for AGC. METHODS: A single-institution retrospective study was conducted. Ninety-two consecutive AGC @entity1 who underwent radical TLTG were enrolled. The primary end point was morbidity. The @entity1 were observed for 3  years following TLTG. We assessed short-term surgical and long-term outcomes, including 3-year overall survival rates (3yOS) and 3-year recurrence-free survival rates (3yRFS). RESULTS: Early and late morbidities (Clavien-Dindo grade >= 3) were 26.1 and 6.5  %, respectively. Operative time, estimated @entity190 , number of dissected lymph nodes, and postoperative hospital stay were 444 (278-694) min, 100 (0-2267) g, 48 (16-89), and 23 (9-136) days, respectively, and 3yOS and 3yRFS rates were 70.7 and 60.9  %, respectively. Factors associated with @entity260 and 3yOS were operative time [OR 1.011 (1.006-1.017), p  <  0.01] and @entity5 recurrence within 3  years [HR 312.191 (1.126-86573.245], p  =  0.045], respectively. 3yRFS was associated with @entity5 size (>= 50  mm) [HR 10.325 (1.328-80.289), p  =  0.026], pathological N factor >= 2 [HR 3.188 (1.196-8.495), p  =  0.02], and postoperative pancreatic @entity292 combined with intra-abdominal abscesses Clavien-Dindo grade >= 2; [HR 3.670 (1.440-9.351), p  =  0.006]. CONCLUSIONS: TLTG for AGC is sufficiently feasible and safe from both surgical and oncological point of view.

title: Technical aspects and short- and long-term outcomes of totally laparoscopic total gastrectomy for advanced XXXX : a single-institution retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity6467 is a Gram-negative bacterium whose primary hosts are @entity1237 and @entity742 . Like the other BrucelIa spp., with the exception of @entity744 , it is not particularly host specific as it is pathogenic for a variety of other @entity1 species including @entity1 . In @entity1 the disease caused by it is rated as one of the most important zoonoses. Three outbreaks have been recorded in @entity1237 and @entity742 in South Africa; the first outbreak occurred in @entity742 in 1965 in the Mpumalanga and Northern Provinces (then both part of the Transvaal Province), the second occurred in @entity742 in 1989 near Pretoria, Gauteng Province, and the third and current outbreak was diagnosed in a flock of @entity1237 in northern KwaZulu-Natal in September 1994. Following the initial diagnosis of @entity6467 in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal, a serological survey was conducted in order to identify foci of @entity281 in the @entity1237 and @entity742 populations. Six positive foci were identified. In March 1996 a test-and-slaughter eradication campaign was initiated in these areas. Initial test results revealed a prevalence of between 1.23% and 4.02 %. All positive animals were identified and slaughtered. Eradication programmes were repeated between March 1996 and June 2000, in the populations at risk, and the disease prevalence was reduced in all the affected populations.

title: An overview of the eradication of XXXX from KwaZulu-Natal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'mammal']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity744 :: ('236', 'Species') :: ['Brucella ovis']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis', 'B. melitensis']

answer: @entity6467 :: (29459,Species) :: ['Brucella melitensis']


abstract: In 1999, we purified pseudechetoxin (PsTx), the first peptide toxin known to block cyclic @entity377 -gated (CNG) ion channels, from the venom of Pseudechis australis [Brown, R. L., Haley, T. L., West, K. A., and Crabb, J. W. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 754-759]. Here we report the cloning of the cDNA encoding PsTx, as well as the discovery and cloning of pseudecin, a homologous toxin from the venom of Pseudechis porphyriacus. The mature proteins are 211 and 210 @entity1522 in length, and the @entity535 sequences are 96.7% identical, differing in only seven residues. The purified toxins were applied to outside-out patches excised from @entity1238 oocytes expressing CNG channels composed of the rod @entity70831 or olfactory CNGA2 channel subunits. Surprisingly, these patch-clamp studies revealed a 30-fold difference in affinity between PsTx and pseudecin for channels composed of CNGA2 subunits. The apparent K(i) of PsTx was 15 nM, while the affinity of pseudecin was 460 nM. The difference in affinities for the @entity70831 subunit from rod photoreceptors was less pronounced, but the affinity of PsTx was 70 nM, compared with 1000 nM for pseudecin. This difference in affinity may be instructive as we attempt to identify the regions of the toxins that contact CNG channels. As the only known protein blockers of CNG channels, these toxins promise to be valuable tools to study the structure of the external face of these channels.

title: Purification and cloning of toxins from elapid venoms that target cyclic XXXX -gated ion channels.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the dynamic changes of @entity378 related cytokines among @entity1 during the different courses of treatment, and to analyze their influences on the development and prognoses of @entity378 . METHODS: All @entity1 with active @entity378 were enrolled from Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Foshan @entity1906 control institutes. There were a total of 68 cases, 36 males and 32 females, aged 19 to 50 years [ average (30  9) years]. All the @entity1906 @entity1 received standard chemotherapy regimen of anti- @entity378 , and were divided into 2 groups: one completed treatment group (cured or clinically cured 38 cases) and 1 uncompleted treatment group (treatment failure or need to extend treatment, 30 cases). Peripheral blood serum at 0, 2, 6 month during the treatment from 68 @entity378 @entity1 were collected, and the concentration of @entity379 , @entity3646 , @entity4155 , @entity2533 , @entity310 and @entity688 were detected by ELISA tests. RESULTS: The concentration of @entity379 , @entity2533 and @entity3646 in all enrolled @entity1 showed significant decrease (from 23.2 ng/L to 22.3 ng/L, from 169.1 ng/L to 123.2 ng/L; 65.0 ng/L to 31.9 ng/L) (t=2.67, 2.35 and 3.41, P<0.05) along with the extension of treatment. @entity688 increased significantly (12.9 ng/L) in the uncompleted treatment group but declined significantly (5.38 ng/L) (P<0.05) in the completed treatment group at the end of 6 month. Meanwhile, @entity3646 decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the completed treatment group but no significant changes were observed in the uncompleted treatment group. @entity1198 /Th2 ( @entity379 / @entity3646 ) raised gradually in the completed treatment group (0 month <2 month <6 month, t=6.32, 6.03 and 5.85, P<0.05), while it was only at 6 month in the uncompleted treatment group (0 month <6 month, t=3.7, P<0.05). And the ratio of @entity1198 /Th2 in the completed treatment group was significantly higher than that in the uncompleted group treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: It suggests that the changes of @entity1198 cytokines ( @entity379 , @entity2533 ) and the @entity1198 /Th2 balance play an important role in the pathogenesis, development and prognosis of @entity1906 . The suppression of @entity379 , @entity2533 or @entity1198 /Th2 balance may be an important factor influencing the prognosis of @entity1906 .

title: [The dynamic changes of XXXX related cytokines during disease progression].

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is the most common cause of chronic @entity409 in @entity1 , with prevalence rising alongside childhood @entity28 rates. This study aimed to characterise the habitual diet and activity behaviours of @entity1 with @entity1561 compared to obese @entity1 without @entity409 in the United Kingdom (UK). Twenty-four biopsy-proven paediatric @entity1561 cases and eight obese controls without biochemical or radiological evidence of @entity1561 completed a 24-h dietary recall, a Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ), a Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and a 7-day food and activity diary (FAD), in conjunction with wearing a pedometer. Groups were well matched for age and gender. Obese @entity1 had higher BMI z-scores (p = 0.006) and BMI centiles (p = 0.002) than @entity1 with @entity1561 . After adjusting for multiple hypotheses testing and controlling for differences in BMI, no differences in macro- or micronutrient intake were observed as assessed using either 24-h recall or 7-day FAD (p > 0.001). Under-reporting was prevalent ( @entity1561 75%, Obese Control 87%: p = 0.15). Restrained eating behaviours were significantly higher in the @entity1561 group (p = 0.005), who also recorded more steps per day than the obese controls (p = 0.01). In conclusion, this is the first study to assess dietary and activity patterns in a UK paediatric @entity1561 population. Only a minority of cases and controls were meeting current dietary and physical activity recommendations. Our findings do not support development of specific dietary/ physical activity guidelines for @entity1 with @entity1561 ; promoting adherence with current general paediatric recommendations for health should remain the focus of clinical management.

title: Assessment of Diet and Physical Activity in Paediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty XXXX @entity1 : A United Kingdom Case Control Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is the most common cause of chronic @entity409 in @entity1 , with prevalence rising alongside childhood @entity28 rates. This study aimed to characterise the habitual diet and activity behaviours of @entity1 with @entity1561 compared to obese @entity1 without @entity409 in the United Kingdom (UK). Twenty-four biopsy-proven paediatric @entity1561 cases and eight obese controls without biochemical or radiological evidence of @entity1561 completed a 24-h dietary recall, a Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ), a Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and a 7-day food and activity diary (FAD), in conjunction with wearing a pedometer. Groups were well matched for age and gender. Obese @entity1 had higher BMI z-scores (p = 0.006) and BMI centiles (p = 0.002) than @entity1 with @entity1561 . After adjusting for multiple hypotheses testing and controlling for differences in BMI, no differences in macro- or micronutrient intake were observed as assessed using either 24-h recall or 7-day FAD (p > 0.001). Under-reporting was prevalent ( @entity1561 75%, Obese Control 87%: p = 0.15). Restrained eating behaviours were significantly higher in the @entity1561 group (p = 0.005), who also recorded more steps per day than the obese controls (p = 0.01). In conclusion, this is the first study to assess dietary and activity patterns in a UK paediatric @entity1561 population. Only a minority of cases and controls were meeting current dietary and physical activity recommendations. Our findings do not support development of specific dietary/ physical activity guidelines for @entity1 with @entity1561 ; promoting adherence with current general paediatric recommendations for health should remain the focus of clinical management.

title: Assessment of Diet and Physical Activity in Paediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty @entity409 XXXX : A United Kingdom Case Control Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study presents our operative results, mortality, and morbidity with regard to pulmonary artery growth and reinterventions on the pulmonary artery and aortic arch, including key features of our institutional standards for the 3-stage hybrid palliation of @entity1 with @entity1699 . METHODS: Between June 1998 and February 2015, 182 @entity1 with @entity1699 underwent the Giessen hybrid stage I procedure. Among these, 126 @entity1 with @entity1699 who received a univentricular palliation or heart transplantation were included in the main analysis. Median age and body weight of @entity1 at hybrid stage I were 6  days (0-237) and 3.2  kg (1.2-7), respectively. Comprehensive stage II operation was performed at 4.5  months (2.9-39.5), and Fontan completion was established at 33.7  months (21.1-108.2). Operative and interstage mortality, morbidity, growth and reinterventions on the pulmonary arteries, and long-term operative results of the aortic arch reconstruction were assessed. RESULTS: Median follow-up time after Giessen hybrid stage I palliation was 4.6  years (0-16.8). Operative mortality at hybrid stage I, comprehensive stage II, and Fontan completion was 2.5%, 4.9%, and 0%, respectively. Cumulative interstage mortality was 14.2%. At 10  years, the probability of survival is 77.8%. Body weight (<2.5  kg) and aortic @entity1146 had no significant impact on survival. McGoon ratio did not differ at comprehensive stage II and Fontan completion (P  =  .991). Freedom from pulmonary artery intervention was estimated to be 32.2% at 10  years. Aortic arch reinterventions were needed in 16.7% of @entity1 ; 2 reoperations on the aortic arch were necessary. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the early results and long-term outcome, the hybrid approach has become an alternative to the conventional strategy to treat neonates with @entity1699 and variants. Further refinements are warranted to decrease @entity1 morbidity.

title: Hybrid therapy for XXXX : Myth, alternative, or standard?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart structures', 'hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Only a few studies have used objective measurements to investigate the relationship between @entity25 and @entity28 . These studies showed controversial results. METHODS: Sleep efficiency was measured by Actiwatch 2 in 132 healthy students (age 23.3        3.7 years, BMI 23.1        4.1 kg/m(2) ) for 12        3 nights, differentiating between work and free days. Physical activity, dietary habits, and autonomic function (heart rate variability, HRV) were analyzed as potential determinants of @entity25 and its relationship with body composition. RESULTS: Sleep efficiency was 87.0% in @entity1 and 84.9% in @entity1 (P   <   0.05) and was higher at free days when compared to work days in @entity1 (P   <   0.05). @entity25 was associated with a higher fat mass. This was true for sleep efficiency on work days in @entity1 [fat mass index (FMI): r   =   -0.35, P   <   0.01] and for free days in @entity1 (FMI: r   =   -0.37, P   <   0.05). Poor sleep efficiency was associated with less physical activity (r   =   0.29, P   <   0.05) and impaired HRV in @entity1 (r   =   0.60, P   <   0.05) and with a higher fat intake in @entity1 (r   =   -0.39, P   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Poor sleep efficiency was associated with higher fat mass. The relationship between @entity25 and fat mass differs between work and free days and may be explained by physical activity and autonomic function in @entity1 and dietary habits in @entity1 .

title: Relationship between actigraphy-assessed XXXX and fat mass in college students.

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality', 'Lower sleep efficiency']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep quality']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4195 chromosomal island M1 (SpyCIM1) integrates by site-specific recombination into the 5' end of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutL in strain @entity70832 SmR, blocking transcription of it and the downstream operon genes. During exponential growth, SpyCIM1 excises from the chromosome and replicates as an episome, restoring mutL transcription. This process is reversed in stationary phase with SpyCIM1 re-integrating into mutL, returning the cells to a mutator phenotype. Here we show that elimination of SpyCIM1 relieves this mutator phenotype. The downstream MMR operon genes, multidrug efflux pump lmrP, Holliday junction resolution helicase ruvA, and DNA base excision repair glycosylase tag, are also restored to constitutive expression by elimination of SpyCIM1. The presence of SpyCIM1 alters global transcription patterns in @entity70832 SmR. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) demonstrated that loss of SpyCIM1 in the SpyCIM1 deletion mutant, CEM1  4, impacted the expression of over 100 genes involved in virulence and metabolism both in early exponential phase, when the SpyCIM1 is episomal, as well as at the onset of stationary phase, when SpyCIM1 has reintegrated into mutL. Among these changes, the up-regulation of the genes for the antiphagocytic M protein ( @entity70833 ), streptolysin O (slo), capsule operon (hasABC), and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (speB), are particularly notable. The expression pattern of the MMR operon confirmed our earlier observations that these genes are transcribed in early exponential phase but silenced as stationary phase is approached. Thus, the direct role of SpyCIM1 in causing the mutator phenotype is confirmed, and further, its influence upon the biology of @entity4195 was found to impact multiple genes in addition to the MMR operon, which is a novel function for a mobile genetic element. We suggest that such chromosomal islands are a remarkable evolutionary adaptation to promote the survival of its @entity4195 host cell in changing environments.

title: Elimination of Chromosomal Island SpyCIM1 from XXXX Reverses the Mutator Phenotype and Alters Global Transcription.

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'S. pyogenes']

answer: @entity70832 :: (160490,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes Strain SF370']


abstract: CONTEXT: Alterations in the @entity268 signaling pathway are common in hormonally active endocrine @entity5 . Somatic mutations at @entity2163 are causative in 30-40% of GH-secreting @entity652 . Recently, mutations affecting the @entity70834 and @entity25946 gene have been reported in ACTH-secreting @entity977 and @entity701 -secreting @entity822 respectively. However, the pathogenesis of many GH-secreting @entity652 remains unclear. AIM: Comprehensive genetic characterization of sporadic GH-secreting @entity652 and identification of new driver mutations. DESIGN: Screening for somatic mutations was performed in 67 GH-secreting @entity652 by targeted sequencing for @entity2163 , @entity25946 , and @entity70834 mutations (n=31) and next-generation exome sequencing (n=36). RESULTS: By targeted sequencing, known activating mutations in @entity2163 were detected in five cases (16.1%), while no somatic mutations were observed in both @entity25946 and @entity70834 . Whole-exome sequencing identified 132 protein-altering somatic mutations in 31/36 @entity5 with a median of three mutations per sample (range: 1-13). The only recurrent mutations have been observed in @entity2163 (31.4% of cases). However, seven genes involved in @entity268 signaling pathway were affected in 14 of 36 samples and eight samples harbored variants in genes involved in the @entity460 signaling or metabolism. At the enrichment analysis, several altered genes resulted to be associated with developmental processes. No significant correlation between genetic alterations and the clinical data was observed. CONCLUSION: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of somatic mutations in a large series of GH-secreting @entity652 . No novel recurrent genetic alterations have been observed, but the data suggest that beside @entity268 pathway, @entity460 signaling might be involved in the pathogenesis of these @entity5 .

title: Landscape of somatic mutations in sporadic GH-secreting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenomas']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify the impact of preprocedural left ventricular ejection fraction and adherence to prescribed medication on major adverse @entity299 in @entity1 with a successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention. BACKGROUND: Although advances in percutaneous coronary intervention for @entity453 have considerably reduced poor outcomes such as major adverse @entity299 , many @entity1 still experience adverse outcomes after a percutaneous coronary intervention. Thus, in @entity1 with percutaneous coronary intervention, it is extremely important to identify the predictors for major adverse @entity299 . DESIGN: A retrospective and cross-sectional design. METHODS: Three hundred and nineteen @entity1 who underwent successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention participated in this study. @entity1 were assessed for major adverse @entity299 after percutaneous coronary intervention for the first year. Preprocedural left ventricular ejection fraction was measured by echocardiogram. Medication adherence was used with the validated Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 items at the first year after the successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention. RESULTS: Of the 319 @entity1 , 102 had major adverse @entity299 after the successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention. On the basis of Cox regression, after adjusting for @entity1 characteristics, lower baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and medication nonadherence and were statistically significant and independent predictors of major adverse @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that major adverse @entity299 after successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention are associated with low left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline and medication nonadherence after discharge. Therefore, healthcare providers should consider multidimensional approaches to improve low left ventricular ejection fraction and medication adherence. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The findings suggest that the classification of high-risk @entity1 after percutaneous coronary intervention need to be based on level of preprocedural left ventricular ejection fraction. Follow-up of these @entity1 may include educational interventions to enhance medication adherence, to decrease the prevalence of major adverse @entity299 .

title: Impact of left ventricular ejection fraction and medication adherence on major adverse XXXX during the first year after successful primary percutaneous coronary interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Staged endovascular treatment of @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ) has been proved to be an effective strategy to reduce the risk of @entity2759 ( @entity2759 ). Several techniques have been described: some imply the staged coverage of the aorta, other the temporarily perfusion of the sac through a branch left unstented or a dedicated branch that will be occluded later. The aim of those is to facilitate the expansion of the collateral network that perfuses the spinal cord. However, each of them, have some disadvantages such as the need of two interventions of big magnitude and the risk of target vessel occlusion or endograft displacement. We describe a new technique to treat @entity2334 in a staged manner. TECHNIQUE: The first step of our technique is the thoracoabdominal endograft deployment with the branching of all target vessels; one of these is branched with a bare stent inside which a covered stent will be placed in a second step, which can be perfomed under local anesthesia. We named this technique "open branch" ( @entity1538 ). Before insertion of the covered stent, a balloon is inflated inside the bare stent to simulate the complete sac exclusion to evaluate eventual @entity16 . RESULTS: Two @entity1 with Crawford type II @entity2334 and one with a suprarenal @entity439 following the open repair of an @entity449 were treated. No cases of @entity2759 were observed after the two procedures. Median interval time between the two procedures was 8, 6 weeks (4-16). Between the two steps, no @entity439 growth or @entity397 and no @entity732 or endograft displacement was observed. CONCLUSIONS: These three cases of " @entity1538 " technique show that this is a safe and feasible alternative strategy to treat @entity2334 in a staged manner.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The "Open Branch" Technique: A New Way to Prevent Paraplegia After Total Endovascular Repair of Thoracoabdominal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complication']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms', 'TAAA']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['SCI', 'spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['branch occlusion']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In-hospital @entity1167 (IHCA) has a poor prognosis and clinicians often write "Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation" (DNAR) orders based on co-morbidities. AIM: To assess the impact of the Age-combined Charlson Co-morbidity Index (ACCI) on 30-days survival after IHCA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All @entity1 suffering IHCA at Karolinska University Hospital between 1st January and 31st December 2014 were included. Data regarding @entity1 characteristics, co-morbidities and survival were drawn from the electronic @entity1 records. Co-morbidities were assessed prior to the IHCA as ICD-10 codes according to the ACCI. Differences in survival were assessed with adjusted logistic regression models and presented as Odds Ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals (OR, 95% CI) between @entity1 with an ACCI of 0-4 points versus those with 5-7 points, as well as those with >= 8 points. Adjustments included hospital site, heart rhythm, ECG surveillance, witnessed status and place of IHCA. RESULTS: In all, 174 @entity1 suffered IHCA, of whom 41 (24%) survived at least 30 days. @entity1 with an ACCI of 5-7 points had a minor chance and those with an ACCI of >= 8 points had a minimal chance of surviving IHCA compared to those with an ACCI of 0-4 points (adjusted OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.04-0.26 and OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.03-0.42, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a moderate or severe burden of ACCI have a minor chance of surviving an IHCA. This information could be used as part of the decision tools during ongoing CPR, and could be an aid for clinicians in planning care and discussing DNAR orders.

title: Survival after in-hospital XXXX is highly associated with the Age-combined Charlson Co-morbidity Index in a cohort study from a two-site Swedish University hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) is now considered to be a gasotransmitter and may be involved in the pathological process of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). A majority of APP is associated with mitochondria and is a substrate for the mitochondrial y-secretase. The mitochondria-associated APP metabolism where APP intracellular domains (AICD) and Ab are generated locally and may contribute to @entity2383 in @entity195 . Here, we aimed to investigate the ability of @entity3958 to mediate APP processing in mitochondria and assessed the possible mechanisms underlying @entity3958 -mediated @entity195 development. We treated neurons from APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 with a range of @entity8835 ( @entity8835 ) concentrations. @entity8835 attenuated APP processing and decreased Ab production in mitochondria. Meanwhile, @entity8835 did not changed @entity19027 and @entity25243 ( @entity25243 ) protein levels, but @entity8835 (30   M) significantly increased the levels of @entity20933 ( @entity20933 ), @entity19035 , and NCT, as well as improved the y-secretase activity, while @entity8835 (50   M) exhibits the opposing effects. Furthermore, the intracellular @entity855 and the @entity18132 activity of APP/ @entity20933 neurons were increased after 30   M @entity8835 treatment, while the ROS level was decreased and the MMP was stabilized. The effect of @entity8835 differs from DAPT (a non-selective y-secretase inhibitor), and it selectively inhibited y-secretase in vitro, without interacting with Notch and modulating its cleavage. The results indicated that @entity8835 decreases Ab accumulation in mitochondria by selectively inhibiting y-secretase. Thus, we provide a mechanistic view of @entity8835 is a potential anti- @entity195 drug candidate and it may decrease Ab deposition in mitochondria by selectively inhibiting y-secretase activity and therefore protecting the mitochondrial function during @entity195 conditions.

title: XXXX Selectively Inhibits y-Secretase Activity and Decreases Mitochondrial Ab Production in Neurons from APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity8835 :: ('MESH:C025451', 'Chemical') :: ['NaHS', 'sodium hydrosulfide']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity25243 :: ('11487(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ADAM10', 'a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity3957 :: (MESH:D006862,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen Sulfide']


abstract: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) is now considered to be a gasotransmitter and may be involved in the pathological process of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). A majority of APP is associated with mitochondria and is a substrate for the mitochondrial y-secretase. The mitochondria-associated APP metabolism where APP intracellular domains (AICD) and Ab are generated locally and may contribute to @entity2383 in @entity195 . Here, we aimed to investigate the ability of @entity3958 to mediate APP processing in mitochondria and assessed the possible mechanisms underlying @entity3958 -mediated @entity195 development. We treated neurons from APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 with a range of @entity8835 ( @entity8835 ) concentrations. @entity8835 attenuated APP processing and decreased Ab production in mitochondria. Meanwhile, @entity8835 did not changed @entity19027 and @entity25243 ( @entity25243 ) protein levels, but @entity8835 (30   M) significantly increased the levels of @entity20933 ( @entity20933 ), @entity19035 , and NCT, as well as improved the y-secretase activity, while @entity8835 (50   M) exhibits the opposing effects. Furthermore, the intracellular @entity855 and the @entity18132 activity of APP/ @entity20933 neurons were increased after 30   M @entity8835 treatment, while the ROS level was decreased and the MMP was stabilized. The effect of @entity8835 differs from DAPT (a non-selective y-secretase inhibitor), and it selectively inhibited y-secretase in vitro, without interacting with Notch and modulating its cleavage. The results indicated that @entity8835 decreases Ab accumulation in mitochondria by selectively inhibiting y-secretase. Thus, we provide a mechanistic view of @entity8835 is a potential anti- @entity195 drug candidate and it may decrease Ab deposition in mitochondria by selectively inhibiting y-secretase activity and therefore protecting the mitochondrial function during @entity195 conditions.

title: @entity3957 Selectively Inhibits y-Secretase Activity and Decreases Mitochondrial Ab Production in Neurons from APP/ XXXX @entity19 .

answer: @entity20933 :: (19164(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PS1']


abstract: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) is now considered to be a gasotransmitter and may be involved in the pathological process of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). A majority of APP is associated with mitochondria and is a substrate for the mitochondrial y-secretase. The mitochondria-associated APP metabolism where APP intracellular domains (AICD) and Ab are generated locally and may contribute to @entity2383 in @entity195 . Here, we aimed to investigate the ability of @entity3958 to mediate APP processing in mitochondria and assessed the possible mechanisms underlying @entity3958 -mediated @entity195 development. We treated neurons from APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 with a range of @entity8835 ( @entity8835 ) concentrations. @entity8835 attenuated APP processing and decreased Ab production in mitochondria. Meanwhile, @entity8835 did not changed @entity19027 and @entity25243 ( @entity25243 ) protein levels, but @entity8835 (30   M) significantly increased the levels of @entity20933 ( @entity20933 ), @entity19035 , and NCT, as well as improved the y-secretase activity, while @entity8835 (50   M) exhibits the opposing effects. Furthermore, the intracellular @entity855 and the @entity18132 activity of APP/ @entity20933 neurons were increased after 30   M @entity8835 treatment, while the ROS level was decreased and the MMP was stabilized. The effect of @entity8835 differs from DAPT (a non-selective y-secretase inhibitor), and it selectively inhibited y-secretase in vitro, without interacting with Notch and modulating its cleavage. The results indicated that @entity8835 decreases Ab accumulation in mitochondria by selectively inhibiting y-secretase. Thus, we provide a mechanistic view of @entity8835 is a potential anti- @entity195 drug candidate and it may decrease Ab deposition in mitochondria by selectively inhibiting y-secretase activity and therefore protecting the mitochondrial function during @entity195 conditions.

title: @entity3957 Selectively Inhibits y-Secretase Activity and Decreases Mitochondrial Ab Production in Neurons from APP/ @entity20933 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Transgenic Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The success of @entity1534 eradication regimens depends on gastric pH, @entity32 , and mucus thickness. Our aim was to investigate the effects of acid secretion, @entity32 , and mucolysis on gastric antibiotic transfer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 134 anaesthetised @entity35 were given @entity868 , @entity115 , or @entity4581 intravenously and gastric contents were aspirated via an indwelling cannula. Acid secretion was controlled by either @entity4546 or @entity10026 while @entity3621 was induced by infection with @entity1534 or dosing with @entity8867 . Mucolysis was achieved by instilling pronase into the gastric lumen. RESULTS: @entity868 transfer increased with acid secretion and fell with @entity4546 , independently of gastric pH. @entity4581 was also transferred with acid but was then rapidly degraded. @entity4546 prevented this degradation, raising gastric luminal concentrations. @entity4546 did not alter @entity115 transfer. @entity3621 induced by @entity1534 did not alter gastric transfer of @entity868 and @entity115 but that of @entity4581 was increased by 23%. However, @entity3621 induced by @entity8867 reduced @entity4581 transfer without any effect on @entity868 or @entity115 transfer. Pronase treatment increased @entity115 transfer fourfold and @entity868 by 66% but reduced @entity4581 transfer by 35%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity868 and @entity4581 are predominantly transferred with gastric acid rather than by an acid trapping mechanism. Pronase increases the appearance of @entity115 and @entity868 in gastric secretions.

title: Impact of acid secretion, XXXX , and mucus thickness on gastric transfer of antibiotics in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity10026 :: ('MESH:D010418', 'Chemical') :: ['pentagastrin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole', 'Metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin', 'Clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity8867 :: ('MESH:D007460', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetamide']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis', 'Gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

answer: @entity3621 :: (MESH:D005756,Disease) :: ['gastritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The success of @entity1534 eradication regimens depends on gastric pH, @entity32 , and mucus thickness. Our aim was to investigate the effects of acid secretion, @entity32 , and mucolysis on gastric antibiotic transfer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 134 anaesthetised @entity35 were given @entity868 , @entity115 , or @entity4581 intravenously and gastric contents were aspirated via an indwelling cannula. Acid secretion was controlled by either @entity4546 or @entity10026 while @entity3621 was induced by infection with @entity1534 or dosing with @entity8867 . Mucolysis was achieved by instilling pronase into the gastric lumen. RESULTS: @entity868 transfer increased with acid secretion and fell with @entity4546 , independently of gastric pH. @entity4581 was also transferred with acid but was then rapidly degraded. @entity4546 prevented this degradation, raising gastric luminal concentrations. @entity4546 did not alter @entity115 transfer. @entity3621 induced by @entity1534 did not alter gastric transfer of @entity868 and @entity115 but that of @entity4581 was increased by 23%. However, @entity3621 induced by @entity8867 reduced @entity4581 transfer without any effect on @entity868 or @entity115 transfer. Pronase treatment increased @entity115 transfer fourfold and @entity868 by 66% but reduced @entity4581 transfer by 35%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity868 and @entity4581 are predominantly transferred with gastric acid rather than by an acid trapping mechanism. Pronase increases the appearance of @entity115 and @entity868 in gastric secretions.

title: Impact of acid secretion, @entity3621 , and mucus thickness on gastric transfer of antibiotics in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Strong antigenic encounter by T cells rapidly induces immunological synapse formation and surface @entity6057 ( @entity6057 ) downregulation. Although surface @entity6057 expression can remain low for several days, T cells can still sustain antigenic signaling. It has been unclear whether prolonged antigenic signaling occurs in the absence of surface @entity6057 replenishment, being maintained by a few "nondownregulatable" surface TCRs that might reside in a synaptosomal structure. Alternatively, the low surface @entity6057 level induced by antigen might represent a dynamic state of expression involving continual surface @entity6057 replenishment, reengagement by antigen, and ongoing downregulation. To resolve this issue, we studied in vivo-generated, dual-specificity primary naive @entity404 (+) T cells. On these cells, antigenic stimulus exclusively downregulated antigen-specific, but not antigen-nonspecific, TCRs. In addition to providing a means to track @entity6057 engagement, this also allowed us to use the antigen nonspecific @entity6057 to track @entity6057 expression in isolation from @entity6057 engagement by antigen. Surface @entity6057 replenishment began within the first day of stimulation, and occurred synchronously with continuous antigen-specific @entity6057 engagement and downregulation. Furthermore, by enhancing @entity2902 expression, extended signaling through surface-replenishing TCRs significantly amplified the number of daughter cells generated by naive @entity404 (+) T cells that had already committed to proliferate. This effect required @entity6057 engagement and could not be substituted for by @entity1199 . These data demonstrate that @entity6057 triggering and consumption can occur over an extended period of time, with a significant impact on the effector responses evoked from naive @entity404 (+) T cells.

title: The proliferative capacity of individual naive XXXX (+) T cells is amplified by prolonged T cell antigen receptor triggering.

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: CB(1) cannabinoid receptors mediate profound @entity2332 when cannabinoid agonists are administered to @entity35 . @entity2227 , the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), is thought to tonically increase body temperature by activating @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors. Because @entity143 antagonists block cannabinoid-induced antinociception and @entity8364 , intimate glutamatergic-cannabinoid interactions may exist in the CNS. The present study investigated the effect of two @entity143 antagonists on the hypothermic response to WIN 55212-2 [4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-4(4-morpholinylmethyl)-1-(1-naphthalenyl-carbonyl)-6H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-i,j]quinolin-6-one], a selective cannabinoid agonist, in @entity35 . @entity10024 -2 (1-10 mg/kg i.m.) produced dose-dependent @entity2332 that peaked 60 to 180 min postinjection. @entity14031 (5-75 mg/kg i.m.), a noncompetitive @entity143 antagonist, or @entity54271 [(-)-6-[phosphonomethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydro-isoquinoline-2-carboxylate]](1-4 mg/kg i.m.), a competitive and highly selective @entity143 antagonist, evoked @entity2332 in a dose-sensitive manner, suggesting that endogenous @entity2227 exerts a hyperthermic tone on body temperature. A dose of @entity14031 (10 mg/kg) that did not affect body temperature by itself potentiated the hypothermic response to @entity10024 -2 (1, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg). The enhancement was strongly synergistic, indicated by a 2.7-fold increase in the relative potency of @entity10024 -2. Similarly, a dose of @entity54271 (1 mg/kg) that did not affect body temperature augmented the @entity2332 associated with a single dose of @entity10024 (2.5 mg/kg), thus confirming that @entity143 receptors mediated the synergy. We have demonstrated previously that CB(1) receptors mediate @entity10024 -2-evoked @entity2332 in @entity35 . The present data are the first evidence that @entity143 antagonists exert a potentiating effect on cannabinoid-induced @entity2332 . Taken together, these data suggest that interactions between @entity143 and CB(1) receptors produce @entity2332 .

title: XXXX antagonists and WIN 55212-2 [4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-4(4-morpholinylmethyl)-1-(1-naphthalenyl-carbonyl)-6H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-i,j]quinolin-6-one], a cannabinoid agonist, interact to produce @entity2332 .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['Dextromethorphan', 'dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['catalepsy']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'synergistic hypothermia']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: CB(1) cannabinoid receptors mediate profound @entity2332 when cannabinoid agonists are administered to @entity35 . @entity2227 , the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), is thought to tonically increase body temperature by activating @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors. Because @entity143 antagonists block cannabinoid-induced antinociception and @entity8364 , intimate glutamatergic-cannabinoid interactions may exist in the CNS. The present study investigated the effect of two @entity143 antagonists on the hypothermic response to WIN 55212-2 [4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-4(4-morpholinylmethyl)-1-(1-naphthalenyl-carbonyl)-6H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-i,j]quinolin-6-one], a selective cannabinoid agonist, in @entity35 . @entity10024 -2 (1-10 mg/kg i.m.) produced dose-dependent @entity2332 that peaked 60 to 180 min postinjection. @entity14031 (5-75 mg/kg i.m.), a noncompetitive @entity143 antagonist, or @entity54271 [(-)-6-[phosphonomethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydro-isoquinoline-2-carboxylate]](1-4 mg/kg i.m.), a competitive and highly selective @entity143 antagonist, evoked @entity2332 in a dose-sensitive manner, suggesting that endogenous @entity2227 exerts a hyperthermic tone on body temperature. A dose of @entity14031 (10 mg/kg) that did not affect body temperature by itself potentiated the hypothermic response to @entity10024 -2 (1, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg). The enhancement was strongly synergistic, indicated by a 2.7-fold increase in the relative potency of @entity10024 -2. Similarly, a dose of @entity54271 (1 mg/kg) that did not affect body temperature augmented the @entity2332 associated with a single dose of @entity10024 (2.5 mg/kg), thus confirming that @entity143 receptors mediated the synergy. We have demonstrated previously that CB(1) receptors mediate @entity10024 -2-evoked @entity2332 in @entity35 . The present data are the first evidence that @entity143 antagonists exert a potentiating effect on cannabinoid-induced @entity2332 . Taken together, these data suggest that interactions between @entity143 and CB(1) receptors produce @entity2332 .

title: @entity1024 antagonists and WIN 55212-2 [4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-4(4-morpholinylmethyl)-1-(1-naphthalenyl-carbonyl)-6H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-i,j]quinolin-6-one], a cannabinoid agonist, interact to produce XXXX .

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['synergistic hypothermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a nested case-control study cohort in @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) @entity1 and investigate the clinical characteristics, WHO subtype and risk factors associated with @entity2590 evolution to @entity1778 of this cohort. METHODS: All @entity1 , >= 18 years of age, provided by 24 Shanghai hospitals with initial clinical findings consistent with a @entity1583 between June 2003 and April 2007, were the candidates for inclusion in this study. The blood and bone marrow samples of every @entity1 should be provided at baseline. Diagnosis was made by incorporating morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular features according to WHO classification criteria. Cytogenetic analysis was performed using conventional G-banding karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. Cumulative risk of evolution was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate Log-rank method and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: A total of 435 @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity2590 . The median age of @entity2590 onset was 58(18-90) years, with 248 male @entity1 and 187 female @entity1 (male: female 1.33: 1). The percentage of cases with @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) was the highest (65.5%), while that of @entity417 ( @entity417 ) (2.3%), refractory anenia with ring sideroblast (RARS) (1.1%) and @entity7760 (0.5%) was lower. Trisomy 8 (+8) was the most common @entity2008 (71 cases, 12.7%). The mean follow-up time was 20.3 (4.2-57.1) months. Cases were @entity1 with evolution by the end of follow-up, while controls were @entity1 without evolution by that time. Case group included 41 @entity1 and control group included 342 @entity1 . Univariate analysis showed that the age, sex, WHO subtype, WBC count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), IPSS cytogenetic subgroup, IPSS group and bone marrow blast percentage were significant risk factors for @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ). Multivariate analysis of COX model showed that the age, sex, WHO subtype, IPSS cytogenetic subgroup and bone marrow blast were independent risk factors for @entity1778 . CONCLUSION: A nested case-control study cohort of @entity2590 @entity1 is established. The clinical characteristics and WHO subtype of @entity2590 @entity1 in Chinese Shanghai are different from that in Western countries. The independent risk factors for @entity2590 evolution are age, sex, WHO subtype, IPSS cytogenetic subgroup and bone marrow blast percentage.

title: [Establishment of Primary Adult @entity2590 Nested Case-Control Study Cohort and Study of Risk Factors Associated with @entity2590 Evolution to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refraetory anemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['RCMD', 'refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['LFS', 'leukemia-free survival', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['Leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a nested case-control study cohort in @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) @entity1 and investigate the clinical characteristics, WHO subtype and risk factors associated with @entity2590 evolution to @entity1778 of this cohort. METHODS: All @entity1 , >= 18 years of age, provided by 24 Shanghai hospitals with initial clinical findings consistent with a @entity1583 between June 2003 and April 2007, were the candidates for inclusion in this study. The blood and bone marrow samples of every @entity1 should be provided at baseline. Diagnosis was made by incorporating morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular features according to WHO classification criteria. Cytogenetic analysis was performed using conventional G-banding karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. Cumulative risk of evolution was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate Log-rank method and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: A total of 435 @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity2590 . The median age of @entity2590 onset was 58(18-90) years, with 248 male @entity1 and 187 female @entity1 (male: female 1.33: 1). The percentage of cases with @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) was the highest (65.5%), while that of @entity417 ( @entity417 ) (2.3%), refractory anenia with ring sideroblast (RARS) (1.1%) and @entity7760 (0.5%) was lower. Trisomy 8 (+8) was the most common @entity2008 (71 cases, 12.7%). The mean follow-up time was 20.3 (4.2-57.1) months. Cases were @entity1 with evolution by the end of follow-up, while controls were @entity1 without evolution by that time. Case group included 41 @entity1 and control group included 342 @entity1 . Univariate analysis showed that the age, sex, WHO subtype, WBC count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), IPSS cytogenetic subgroup, IPSS group and bone marrow blast percentage were significant risk factors for @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ). Multivariate analysis of COX model showed that the age, sex, WHO subtype, IPSS cytogenetic subgroup and bone marrow blast were independent risk factors for @entity1778 . CONCLUSION: A nested case-control study cohort of @entity2590 @entity1 is established. The clinical characteristics and WHO subtype of @entity2590 @entity1 in Chinese Shanghai are different from that in Western countries. The independent risk factors for @entity2590 evolution are age, sex, WHO subtype, IPSS cytogenetic subgroup and bone marrow blast percentage.

title: [Establishment of Primary Adult XXXX Nested Case-Control Study Cohort and Study of Risk Factors Associated with @entity2590 Evolution to @entity1778 ].

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['MDS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a nested case-control study cohort in @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) @entity1 and investigate the clinical characteristics, WHO subtype and risk factors associated with @entity2590 evolution to @entity1778 of this cohort. METHODS: All @entity1 , >= 18 years of age, provided by 24 Shanghai hospitals with initial clinical findings consistent with a @entity1583 between June 2003 and April 2007, were the candidates for inclusion in this study. The blood and bone marrow samples of every @entity1 should be provided at baseline. Diagnosis was made by incorporating morphologic, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and molecular features according to WHO classification criteria. Cytogenetic analysis was performed using conventional G-banding karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. Cumulative risk of evolution was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate Log-rank method and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: A total of 435 @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity2590 . The median age of @entity2590 onset was 58(18-90) years, with 248 male @entity1 and 187 female @entity1 (male: female 1.33: 1). The percentage of cases with @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) was the highest (65.5%), while that of @entity417 ( @entity417 ) (2.3%), refractory anenia with ring sideroblast (RARS) (1.1%) and @entity7760 (0.5%) was lower. Trisomy 8 (+8) was the most common @entity2008 (71 cases, 12.7%). The mean follow-up time was 20.3 (4.2-57.1) months. Cases were @entity1 with evolution by the end of follow-up, while controls were @entity1 without evolution by that time. Case group included 41 @entity1 and control group included 342 @entity1 . Univariate analysis showed that the age, sex, WHO subtype, WBC count, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), IPSS cytogenetic subgroup, IPSS group and bone marrow blast percentage were significant risk factors for @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ). Multivariate analysis of COX model showed that the age, sex, WHO subtype, IPSS cytogenetic subgroup and bone marrow blast were independent risk factors for @entity1778 . CONCLUSION: A nested case-control study cohort of @entity2590 @entity1 is established. The clinical characteristics and WHO subtype of @entity2590 @entity1 in Chinese Shanghai are different from that in Western countries. The independent risk factors for @entity2590 evolution are age, sex, WHO subtype, IPSS cytogenetic subgroup and bone marrow blast percentage.

title: [Establishment of Primary Adult @entity2590 Nested Case-Control Study Cohort and Study of Risk Factors Associated with XXXX Evolution to @entity1778 ].

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['MDS']


abstract: @entity154 of the lower urinary tract are a significant cause of morbidity in infancy. Radiologic investigation is an important source of clinical information in lower @entity5450 but should not inconvenience the @entity1 , expose the @entity1 to unnecessary radiation, or delay surgical correction. In pediatric @entity1 with suspected underlying @entity5450 , screening ultrasonography is commonly the initial diagnostic study. If dilatation of the urinary tract is confirmed, voiding cystourethrography is performed to determine the presence of @entity3025 ( @entity3025 ) and other causes of upper tract dilatation. If @entity3025 is confirmed, follow-up with nuclear cystography or echo-enhanced cystosonography may be performed. If @entity3025 is excluded, nuclear diuresis renography is the primary test for differentiating between obstructed and nonobstructed megaureter. Intravenous urography can be used to specifically identify an area of obstruction and to determine the presence of duplex collecting systems and a ureterocele. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are unsuitable for general screening but provide superb anatomic detail and added diagnostic specificity. MR imaging is mandatory in the evaluation of associated @entity154 . MR urography can demonstrate ectopic extravesical ureteric insertions, thereby providing a global view of the @entity600 . Familiarity with anomalies of the lower urinary tract is essential for correct diagnosis and appropriate management.

title: Anomalies of the distal ureter, bladder, and urethra in XXXX : embryologic, radiologic, and pathologic features.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['spinal anomalies', 'Congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urologic structural anomalies', 'urinary tract disorders']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux', 'VUR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The @entity1025 - and @entity141 -stimulated @entity24427 (EC 3.6.1.3; @entity855 phosphohydrolase) (bacterial coupling factor) was purified from two strains of @entity526 by two different procedures: (a) method of Nelson, Kanner, and Gutnick [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA (1974) 71, 2720-2724] and (b) a modified procedure described in this paper. The @entity24427 purified from @entity2624 (lambda) by the first procedure had 4 subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, and epsilon). It did not bind to a deficient membrane, nor did it reconstitute @entity855 -driven transhydrogenase activity. Our modified procedure (b) yielded 5 subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon). This @entity24427 could bind to a deficient membrane and reconstitute @entity855 -driven transhydrogenase. This finding suggests that the delta subunit is required for the reaction with the membrane. The molecular weight of the 4-subunit @entity24427 was significantly lower than that of the 5-subunit @entity24427 , as judged by equilibrium centrifugation. The specific @entity24427 activities of both preparations were about the same. These two procedures were also applied to @entity526 ML308-225.

title: Purification and properties of reconstitutively active and inactive adenosinetriphosphatase from XXXX .

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity32489 @entity43 multicellular spheroids xenografted subcutaneously in CD-1 @entity19 @entity851 , or dormancy, of up to 52 days. In the study reported here, implanted @entity32489 spheroids were used for testing the role of angiogenesis and vascular maturation in triggering the @entity5 progression. The kinetics and impact of neovascular maturation and functionality, in dormancy, and growth of @entity32489 spheroid xenografts were studied noninvasively by BOLD contrast MRI. MR data were supported by histologic staining for biotinylated albumin as a blood pool marker and @entity3113 ( @entity3113 ) as marker for perivascular mural cells. Although the @entity5 periphery showed higher levels of total and mature vasculature than normal skin, the fraction of mature out of the total vessels as detected by MRI vascular maturation index (VMI(MRI)) was significantly lower in the @entity5 both before and after @entity5 exit from dormancy. The neovasculature induced by the implanted spheroid was unstable and showed cycles of vessel growth and regression. Surprisingly, this instability was not restricted to the immature vessels, but rather included also regression of mature vessels. During dormancy, neovasculature was predominantly peripheral with no infiltration into the implanted spheroid. Infiltration of @entity3113 positive stroma cells into the spheroid was associated with functional vascularization and @entity5 growth. Thus, stroma infiltration and vascular maturation are an important checkpoint linking the angiogenic switch with @entity5 progression.

title: The role of angiogenesis, vascular maturation, regression and stroma infiltration in dormancy and growth of XXXX spheroids.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian epithelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['displayed growth delay']

entities_list: @entity3113 :: ('11475(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin', 'alpha-SMA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'initiation of tumor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['implanted MLS ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: Bronchial washings are used routinely in the diagnosis of @entity2 . However, unlike other @entity5 , the diagnosis of @entity4303 on bronchial washings is difficult. We reviewed 17 cases of histologically proven @entity4303 from the files of the cytology laboratory over a period of 15 yr (1986-2001). The bronchial washings and histology sections of all the cases were reviewed separately by two independent observers and the results tabulated. Two cases had inadequate bronchial washings for evaluation and were excluded from the study. A growth was identified on bronchoscopy in 13 of 15 cases. Initial cytologic diagnoses were ? @entity420 /? @entity4303 and suspicious of @entity4303 in one case each. However, on review, @entity5 was identified in 10 of 13 cases initially considered to be negative. The possible reasons for a false-negative report on initial cytology include the paucity of @entity5 cell fragments in the bronchial washings (5 of 12 cases showing only one to two @entity5 fragments) and their bland appearance, often being mistaken for benign columnar cells. This study highlights the potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of @entity4303 on bronchial washings and underlines the importance of a diligent search in cases with high clinical suspicion and positive bronchoscopic findings.

title: XXXX of the lung: a diagnostic challenge in bronchial washings.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoids', 'carcinoid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Carcinoid tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the presenting features and the outcome of surgically treated @entity5 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all consecutive cases with preoperatively suspected or proven @entity358 , treated between 1964 and 1994, in order to have full 5-year survival data. RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 were retrieved, six had a postoperative histology other than @entity4303 . The mean age of the 67 eligible cases was 44 years (range 17-74). There were 59 typical and eight atypical @entity4303 . The most frequent presenting symptom was @entity281 , followed by haemoptysis. Sixteen @entity1 were asymptomatic, 15 of these had an abnormal chest X-ray, showing a solitary nodule in 13. Bronchoscopy was abnormal in almost all symptomatic @entity1 . Bronchial biopsy results suggested a @entity5 in seven of eight @entity1 whose postoperative histology was found to be @entity4303 . There were 40 lobectomies, 14 bi-lobectomies, nine pneumonectomies, and four limited resections. Ten @entity1 had lymph node involvement (seven typical and three atypical). There was no correlation between the diameter of the primary @entity5 and the presence of nodal involvement. In particular, three of eight peripheral lesions <30 mm were found to have metastatic lymph nodes. The 5-year survival was 92% (95% in N0 versus 56% in N1-2; 92% in typical versus 67% in atypical). The 10-year survival was 84%. CONCLUSION: The specific diagnosis of @entity4303 cannot be reliably made on bronchial biopsies. No relationship was found between @entity5 size and the presence of lymph node @entity3 , suggesting that radical excision with detailed lymph node sampling is as important in @entity4303 as in other @entity2 . Long-term survival was excellent, nodal status and pathology (typical/atypical) were independent prognostic factors.

title: Clinical-radiological presentation and outcome of surgically treated XXXX : a long-term single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'malignancy other than carcinoid', 'pulmonary carcinoid tumours']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['atypical carcinoid', 'carcinoids', 'carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pulmonary carcinoid tumours']


abstract: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. This review is prepared to indicate possible future challenges related to @entity378 control and it includes previous reports of drug-resistant surveys in Ethiopia. Drug-resistant @entity378 , both initial and acquired, was reported from different regions of the country. In studies from 1984 to 2001, the initial resistance to isoniazid ranges from 2% to 21% and initial resistance to @entity3639 ranges from 2 to 20%. Multidrug-resistance (MDR) @entity378 defined as resistance to at least @entity3109 and @entity1215 was also reported in about 1.2% of new cases and 12% of re-treatment cases. In all studies which included @entity3110 susceptibility test, @entity3110 resistance is either nil or very low (below 0.5%). All MDR isolates were susceptible to @entity3110 . Treatment and re-treatment regimens recommended by the National @entity378 /Leprosy Control Program could be effective on all cases other than those with @entity6371 . @entity6371 is difficult to cure. Therefore, special emphasis should be given to control the spread of @entity6371 . Lack of control efforts may lead to the increased resistance to both first- and second-line drugs. A well supported and controlled special treatment unit, which uses both first-line and second-line drugs is required for a proper management of these cases and for effective control of the spread of @entity6371 . A uniform susceptibility to @entity3110 can be taken as an advantage to develop standard low-cost re-treatment regimen for @entity6371 @entity1 .

title: XXXX in Ethiopia: problem scenarios and recommendation.

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['Drug-resistant tuberculosis']


abstract: Updated guidelines published recently by the National @entity165 Education Program place greater emphasis on @entity2299 , characterized by low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 ; elevated @entity1674 ; and small, dense, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, as well as the drugs that can alter the condition. Both low HDL @entity165 and elevated @entity1674 are independent risk factors for @entity453 . Low-density lipoprotein particles can be divided into subclasses with differing atherogenicity. Phenotype A is characterized by large buoyant LDL particles, and phenotype B by small, dense particles associated with increased atherogenicity. The frequency of phenotype B in @entity1 increases as @entity412 levels increase and HDL @entity165 levels decrease. Fibrates and @entity1670 have been shown to improve @entity2299 in clinical trials. @entity1670 effectively lowers @entity1674 , raises HDL @entity165 , and shifts LDL particles to a less atherogenic phenotype (phenotype A). The various @entity1670 formulations available differ in terms of safety and efficacy. When administered alone or in combination with other lipid-modifying agents, @entity1670 prevents progression and promotes regression of @entity301 and reduces coronary risk. Combination therapy is also an effective option for improving @entity156 . In studies, a once-daily, single-tablet combination of @entity1670 extended-release/lovastatin showed additive LDL @entity165 lowering and was more effective than would be anticipated from doubling the component @entity5753 dose. Combination products provide a viable strategy for treating the full spectrum of lipid abnormalities seen in some @entity1 , including those with @entity2299 , and will be increasingly used in the treatment of @entity2299 . Other combination products are currently undergoing clinical testing.

title: @entity1670 -based therapy for XXXX : past evidence and future advances.

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'atherogenic dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherogenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1670 :: ('MESH:D009525', 'Chemical') :: ['Niacin', 'niacin']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lipoprotein abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: Updated guidelines published recently by the National @entity165 Education Program place greater emphasis on @entity2299 , characterized by low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 ; elevated @entity1674 ; and small, dense, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, as well as the drugs that can alter the condition. Both low HDL @entity165 and elevated @entity1674 are independent risk factors for @entity453 . Low-density lipoprotein particles can be divided into subclasses with differing atherogenicity. Phenotype A is characterized by large buoyant LDL particles, and phenotype B by small, dense particles associated with increased atherogenicity. The frequency of phenotype B in @entity1 increases as @entity412 levels increase and HDL @entity165 levels decrease. Fibrates and @entity1670 have been shown to improve @entity2299 in clinical trials. @entity1670 effectively lowers @entity1674 , raises HDL @entity165 , and shifts LDL particles to a less atherogenic phenotype (phenotype A). The various @entity1670 formulations available differ in terms of safety and efficacy. When administered alone or in combination with other lipid-modifying agents, @entity1670 prevents progression and promotes regression of @entity301 and reduces coronary risk. Combination therapy is also an effective option for improving @entity156 . In studies, a once-daily, single-tablet combination of @entity1670 extended-release/lovastatin showed additive LDL @entity165 lowering and was more effective than would be anticipated from doubling the component @entity5753 dose. Combination products provide a viable strategy for treating the full spectrum of lipid abnormalities seen in some @entity1 , including those with @entity2299 , and will be increasingly used in the treatment of @entity2299 . Other combination products are currently undergoing clinical testing.

title: XXXX -based therapy for @entity2299 : past evidence and future advances.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1670 :: (MESH:D009525,Chemical) :: ['Niacin']