abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated the regulated expression of collagenases ( @entity72893 ) and stromelysins ( @entity12792 ) by @entity1 corneal epithelial cells treated with @entity1356 , @entity310 , and @entity3403 , a medication used to treat ocular surface diseases. METHODS: Primary @entity1 corneal epithelial cell cultures were treated with @entity1356 or @entity310 , with or without their corresponding inhibitors. Total RNA extracted from cells treated for 4 to 24 hours was subjected to semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern hybridization. Conditioned media from 24-hour-treated cultures were evaluated for MMP production by ELISA and activity assays. RESULTS: Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern hybridization revealed that the mRNAs of @entity3334 were dose dependently upregulated by @entity1356 and @entity310 , whereas @entity72894 and @entity2843 were not altered, in corneal epithelial cells. MMP ELISA and activity assays confirmed this dose-dependent increase in @entity3334 protein production in conditioned media by @entity1356 and @entity310 . This stimulated production was inhibited by their neutralizing antibodies and by @entity1193 . @entity3403 suppressed stimulated @entity72895 production at both the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that @entity1356 and @entity310 upregulate collagenases ( @entity3334 ) and stromelysins ( @entity12792 ) in @entity1 corneal epithelial cells. @entity3403 suppresses stimulated @entity72896 at the mRNA and protein levels, which suggests that collagenases and stromelysins may play a role in the pathogenesis of sterile corneal ulceration and other ocular surface diseases.

title: Regulated expression of collagenases @entity72893 and stromelysins XXXX by @entity1 corneal epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxycycline', 'doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1']

answer: @entity12792 :: (4314;4319,Gene) :: ['MMP-3, -10, and -11']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated the regulated expression of collagenases ( @entity72893 ) and stromelysins ( @entity12792 ) by @entity1 corneal epithelial cells treated with @entity1356 , @entity310 , and @entity3403 , a medication used to treat ocular surface diseases. METHODS: Primary @entity1 corneal epithelial cell cultures were treated with @entity1356 or @entity310 , with or without their corresponding inhibitors. Total RNA extracted from cells treated for 4 to 24 hours was subjected to semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern hybridization. Conditioned media from 24-hour-treated cultures were evaluated for MMP production by ELISA and activity assays. RESULTS: Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern hybridization revealed that the mRNAs of @entity3334 were dose dependently upregulated by @entity1356 and @entity310 , whereas @entity72894 and @entity2843 were not altered, in corneal epithelial cells. MMP ELISA and activity assays confirmed this dose-dependent increase in @entity3334 protein production in conditioned media by @entity1356 and @entity310 . This stimulated production was inhibited by their neutralizing antibodies and by @entity1193 . @entity3403 suppressed stimulated @entity72895 production at both the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that @entity1356 and @entity310 upregulate collagenases ( @entity3334 ) and stromelysins ( @entity12792 ) in @entity1 corneal epithelial cells. @entity3403 suppresses stimulated @entity72896 at the mRNA and protein levels, which suggests that collagenases and stromelysins may play a role in the pathogenesis of sterile corneal ulceration and other ocular surface diseases.

title: Regulated expression of collagenases XXXX and stromelysins @entity12792 by @entity1 corneal epithelial cells.

answer: @entity72893 :: (4312;4317;4322,Gene) :: ['MMP-1, -8, and -13']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated the regulated expression of collagenases ( @entity72893 ) and stromelysins ( @entity12792 ) by @entity1 corneal epithelial cells treated with @entity1356 , @entity310 , and @entity3403 , a medication used to treat ocular surface diseases. METHODS: Primary @entity1 corneal epithelial cell cultures were treated with @entity1356 or @entity310 , with or without their corresponding inhibitors. Total RNA extracted from cells treated for 4 to 24 hours was subjected to semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern hybridization. Conditioned media from 24-hour-treated cultures were evaluated for MMP production by ELISA and activity assays. RESULTS: Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Northern hybridization revealed that the mRNAs of @entity3334 were dose dependently upregulated by @entity1356 and @entity310 , whereas @entity72894 and @entity2843 were not altered, in corneal epithelial cells. MMP ELISA and activity assays confirmed this dose-dependent increase in @entity3334 protein production in conditioned media by @entity1356 and @entity310 . This stimulated production was inhibited by their neutralizing antibodies and by @entity1193 . @entity3403 suppressed stimulated @entity72895 production at both the mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that @entity1356 and @entity310 upregulate collagenases ( @entity3334 ) and stromelysins ( @entity12792 ) in @entity1 corneal epithelial cells. @entity3403 suppresses stimulated @entity72896 at the mRNA and protein levels, which suggests that collagenases and stromelysins may play a role in the pathogenesis of sterile corneal ulceration and other ocular surface diseases.

title: Regulated expression of collagenases @entity72893 and stromelysins @entity12792 by XXXX corneal epithelial cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the improvement in neuroimaging and microsurgical techniques, brain stem cavernous @entity600 are no longer considered inoperable. Surgical indications for brainstem cavernoma are evolving, with better understanding of its natural history and decreasing surgical complications. METHODS: During 1986 through 1998, a series of 137 @entity1 (4 @entity1 each with two brain stem lesions, total number of lesions, 141) with brain stem cavernous @entity600 were treated microsurgically at Beijing Neurosurgery Institute. The age distribution, lesion location, and clinical presentations were analyzed. The @entity548 rate, surgical indications and microsurgical techniques were also discussed. RESULTS: In our series, 92 of 137 cases (67.2%) suffered more than one @entity548 . Female @entity1 had a higher risk of recurrent @entity548 than that of male @entity1 . Unlike cavernomas @entity600 from other locations, repeated @entity548 from brain stem @entity600 are much more common and usually lead to new @entity51 . Among all 137 surgically treated @entity1 , there was no operative mortality. Ninety-nine @entity1 (72.3%) either improved or remained clinically stable postoperatively. The size of the cavernoma/ @entity1410 does not necessarily correlate with the surgical result. While the acute @entity1410 can facilitate the surgical dissection, longer clinical history with @entity548 often makes total surgical resection difficult, partially because of the firmer capsule that may not shrink or collapse after @entity1410 is released. Pathologically those capsules were associated with more @entity528 , fibrous proliferation and even calcifications. During the follow-up period between 0.5 to 11 years in 129 cases, 115 @entity1 (89.2%) have been working, studying, or doing house work. Three @entity1 (2.3%) suffered recurrent @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Surgical indications of brain stem cavernoma include (1) progressive @entity51 ; (2) overt acute or subacute @entity548 on MRI either inside or outside cavernous @entity600 with mass effect; (3) cavernoma/ @entity1410 reaching brainstem surface (<2 mm brain tissue between cavernoma / @entity1410 and pial surface). Grave clinical presentations like @entity772 , respiratory, or cardiac instability are not surgical contraindications. Emergent surgical evacuation may lead to satisfactory outcome. @entity548 will worsen the pre-existing @entity51 and possibly make the surgical dissections more difficult. @entity1 with minimum, stable @entity51 and lesion/ @entity1410 that has not reached the brain stem surface should be followed conservatively.

title: Surgical management of brain-stem cavernous XXXX : report of 137 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'Repeated hemorrhages', 'multiple hemorrhages', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline degeneration']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['malformations']


abstract: AIM: To identify differences in the incidence of @entity0 between @entity1 with a primary @entity5 diagnosis of @entity513 ( @entity513 ) and those with a diagnosis of @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from two large @entity5 registries (registry A _ B) the Northern and Yorkshire Cancer Registry Information Service (NYCRIS) and the West Midlands Cancer Intelligence Unit (WMCIU) from 1998-2003 for all cases of @entity0 of either pure ductal or pure lobular reported histology were obtained. The invasive status of the @entity5 diagnosis and @entity5 morphology was collected. Chi-square tests were undertaken to examine the differences in contralateral rates for both registries and univariate analysis to ascertain which predictors affected @entity0 risk for registry A the WMCIU cases. RESULTS: A total of 38,132 @entity1 were studied, 32,735 @entity1 with @entity513 and 5397 (14.2%) @entity1 with @entity1137 over the 6-year period. There was no significant difference between the occurrence and time to occurrence of @entity0 according to original @entity5 histology, 901 (2.8%) @entity1 with @entity513 versus 166 (3.1%) @entity1 with @entity1137 (p=0.169). The analysis of registry A cases showed no association between original histology (ductal versus lobular), age at diagnosis, @entity5 grade, use of radiotherapy for the primary @entity5 or use of systemic therapy (chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy), and development of a @entity0 . CONCLUSION: There is no apparent increase in risk of developing a @entity0 according to the primary @entity5 histology either @entity513 or @entity1137 . Standard mammographic follow-up does not need to take account of original @entity5 pathology. Increased intervention or post-treatment surveillance for the contralateral breast is not indicated in the context of @entity1137 . The role of MRI should be restricted to those @entity1 with @entity1137 who are planning breast-conservation surgery, but not for assessing the contralateral breast.

title: XXXX : incidence according to ductal or lobular phenotype of the primary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['ILC', 'invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'contralateral tumour', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Contralateral breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2657 ( @entity2657 ) is a manifestation of early @entity1545 (EBI) after @entity510 ( @entity510 ) and is an independent risk factor for poor outcome. The lack of a quantitative method to measure @entity2657 limits the study of its pathophysiology. The goal of this study is to develop a quantitative surrogate marker that represents @entity2657 after @entity510 . METHODS: @entity1 with spontaneous @entity510 were enrolled into a prospective observational database. Initial CT scans were graded for @entity2657 using established qualitative criteria. Selective sulcal volume ( @entity12432 ) was defined as total mL of sulcal volumes on axial CT slices above the most cranial section of the lateral ventricles to the last visible section. Using a semiautomatic threshold approach, sulcal regions were traced out with manual adjustments when necessary. The volume of sulci in each slice was calculated and multiplied by the slice thickness and number of slices to calculate the @entity12432 . All volumetric analysis was performed using Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization Version 7.0.1 (MIPAV). RESULTS: A total of 109 subjects were included in our analysis. Mean selective sulcal volumes ( @entity12432 ) differed between subjects with and without @entity2657 4.5 and 21.2  mL (P  <  0.001). When separated into quartiles, the odds of qualitative @entity2657 increases as @entity12432 decreases. Compared to the highest @entity12432 quartile, smaller @entity12432 was associated with worse clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: @entity2657 can be quantified using volumetric analysis of @entity12432 measurements on routine CT scans. Smaller @entity12432 on admission is predictive of worse clinical outcomes. @entity12432 may be an important marker of EBI after @entity510 .

title: Quantification of XXXX After @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['GCE', 'Global cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2657 ( @entity2657 ) is a manifestation of early @entity1545 (EBI) after @entity510 ( @entity510 ) and is an independent risk factor for poor outcome. The lack of a quantitative method to measure @entity2657 limits the study of its pathophysiology. The goal of this study is to develop a quantitative surrogate marker that represents @entity2657 after @entity510 . METHODS: @entity1 with spontaneous @entity510 were enrolled into a prospective observational database. Initial CT scans were graded for @entity2657 using established qualitative criteria. Selective sulcal volume ( @entity12432 ) was defined as total mL of sulcal volumes on axial CT slices above the most cranial section of the lateral ventricles to the last visible section. Using a semiautomatic threshold approach, sulcal regions were traced out with manual adjustments when necessary. The volume of sulci in each slice was calculated and multiplied by the slice thickness and number of slices to calculate the @entity12432 . All volumetric analysis was performed using Medical Image Processing, Analysis and Visualization Version 7.0.1 (MIPAV). RESULTS: A total of 109 subjects were included in our analysis. Mean selective sulcal volumes ( @entity12432 ) differed between subjects with and without @entity2657 4.5 and 21.2  mL (P  <  0.001). When separated into quartiles, the odds of qualitative @entity2657 increases as @entity12432 decreases. Compared to the highest @entity12432 quartile, smaller @entity12432 was associated with worse clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: @entity2657 can be quantified using volumetric analysis of @entity12432 measurements on routine CT scans. Smaller @entity12432 on admission is predictive of worse clinical outcomes. @entity12432 may be an important marker of EBI after @entity510 .

title: Quantification of @entity2657 After XXXX .

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a new technique combining intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy (AK) with a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap followed by excimer laser photoablation to correct post-penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) high @entity940 and @entity2516 . SETTING: Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. DESIGN: Prospective interventional uncontrolled case series. METHODS: @entity1 with post-PKP high @entity940 and @entity2516 had paired intrastromal AK with LASIK flap using the M2 microkeratome followed 2 to 3 months later by excimer laser photoablation. The main outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), mean refractive spherical equivalent (SE), and mean cylinder after each step and at the 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: The study comprised 20 eyes (20 @entity1 ). All parameters were significantly improved in all @entity1 by the last follow-up visit.  The mean UDVA improved from 1.07 logMAR    0.2 (SD) preoperatively to 0.23    0.18  logMAR (P < .001), the mean CDVA improved from 0.79    0.18 logMAR to 0.12    0.12  logMAR (P < .001), the mean refractive SE improved from -5.04    2.62 diopters (D) to -1.47    1.32 D (P = .001), and the mean cylinder reduced from -5.39    0.98 D to -1.05    0.71 D (P < .001). The mean correction index was 0.84    0.10, and the mean flattening index was 0.83     0.10. Thirty-five percent of cases developed microperforations, and 15% developed @entity2543 . CONCLUSION: This combined approach allowed for the correction of high @entity940 and @entity2516 following PKP; however, @entity2543 requiring intervention is a complication to be considered. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Combined intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy and laser in situ keratomileusis flap  followed by photoablation to  correct post-penetrating keratoplasty XXXX and high @entity940 : One-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ingrowth']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['ametropia']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['ametropia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a new technique combining intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy (AK) with a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap followed by excimer laser photoablation to correct post-penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) high @entity940 and @entity2516 . SETTING: Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. DESIGN: Prospective interventional uncontrolled case series. METHODS: @entity1 with post-PKP high @entity940 and @entity2516 had paired intrastromal AK with LASIK flap using the M2 microkeratome followed 2 to 3 months later by excimer laser photoablation. The main outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), mean refractive spherical equivalent (SE), and mean cylinder after each step and at the 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: The study comprised 20 eyes (20 @entity1 ). All parameters were significantly improved in all @entity1 by the last follow-up visit.  The mean UDVA improved from 1.07 logMAR    0.2 (SD) preoperatively to 0.23    0.18  logMAR (P < .001), the mean CDVA improved from 0.79    0.18 logMAR to 0.12    0.12  logMAR (P < .001), the mean refractive SE improved from -5.04    2.62 diopters (D) to -1.47    1.32 D (P = .001), and the mean cylinder reduced from -5.39    0.98 D to -1.05    0.71 D (P < .001). The mean correction index was 0.84    0.10, and the mean flattening index was 0.83     0.10. Thirty-five percent of cases developed microperforations, and 15% developed @entity2543 . CONCLUSION: This combined approach allowed for the correction of high @entity940 and @entity2516 following PKP; however, @entity2543 requiring intervention is a complication to be considered. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Combined intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy and laser in situ keratomileusis flap  followed by photoablation to  correct post-penetrating keratoplasty @entity2516 and high XXXX : One-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present results of @entity231 surgery combined with @entity6716 ring implantation in @entity1  with @entity16392 ( @entity16392 ) in terms of vision, refraction, eye movements, and subjective @entity3917 and glare. SETTING: Anterior segment services of Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. DESIGN: Consecutive clinical case series study. METHODS: Enrolled @entity1 underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation and had 2 Morcher @entity6716 rings (types 50 F or 50 E) inserted intracapsularly. Preoperative and postoperative examinations included tests for visual acuity, manifest refraction, measurement of ocular alignment, and electronystagmography. After surgery, @entity1 also completed a questionnaire to subjectively assess glare reduction. RESULTS: Twelve eyes of 6 @entity16392 @entity1 were included. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. None of the @entity1 had any @entity260 . In addition to improved uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity and significant reduction of @entity2516 , all @entity1 had a marked @entity353 and @entity3917 after surgery. CONCLUSION: Iris ring implantation during @entity231 surgery was an effective procedure for increasing vision and reducing @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity16392 . In light of the results and @entity1 ' expressed satisfaction, a study should be performed to assess the outcomes of refractive lens exchange along with implantation of a PC IOL and prosthetic iris device in @entity16392 @entity1 seeking refractive correction.

title: Combined @entity231 surgery and @entity6716 ring implantation in  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of glare']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity16392 :: ('MESH:D016115', 'Disease') :: ['OCA', 'oculocutaneous albinism']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['glare disability']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity16392 :: (MESH:D016115,Disease) :: ['oculocutaneous albinism']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present results of @entity231 surgery combined with @entity6716 ring implantation in @entity1  with @entity16392 ( @entity16392 ) in terms of vision, refraction, eye movements, and subjective @entity3917 and glare. SETTING: Anterior segment services of Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. DESIGN: Consecutive clinical case series study. METHODS: Enrolled @entity1 underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation and had 2 Morcher @entity6716 rings (types 50 F or 50 E) inserted intracapsularly. Preoperative and postoperative examinations included tests for visual acuity, manifest refraction, measurement of ocular alignment, and electronystagmography. After surgery, @entity1 also completed a questionnaire to subjectively assess glare reduction. RESULTS: Twelve eyes of 6 @entity16392 @entity1 were included. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. None of the @entity1 had any @entity260 . In addition to improved uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity and significant reduction of @entity2516 , all @entity1 had a marked @entity353 and @entity3917 after surgery. CONCLUSION: Iris ring implantation during @entity231 surgery was an effective procedure for increasing vision and reducing @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity16392 . In light of the results and @entity1 ' expressed satisfaction, a study should be performed to assess the outcomes of refractive lens exchange along with implantation of a PC IOL and prosthetic iris device in @entity16392 @entity1 seeking refractive correction.

title: Combined @entity231 surgery and XXXX ring implantation in  @entity16392 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6716 :: (MESH:D015783,Disease) :: ['aniridia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present results of @entity231 surgery combined with @entity6716 ring implantation in @entity1  with @entity16392 ( @entity16392 ) in terms of vision, refraction, eye movements, and subjective @entity3917 and glare. SETTING: Anterior segment services of Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. DESIGN: Consecutive clinical case series study. METHODS: Enrolled @entity1 underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation and had 2 Morcher @entity6716 rings (types 50 F or 50 E) inserted intracapsularly. Preoperative and postoperative examinations included tests for visual acuity, manifest refraction, measurement of ocular alignment, and electronystagmography. After surgery, @entity1 also completed a questionnaire to subjectively assess glare reduction. RESULTS: Twelve eyes of 6 @entity16392 @entity1 were included. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. None of the @entity1 had any @entity260 . In addition to improved uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity and significant reduction of @entity2516 , all @entity1 had a marked @entity353 and @entity3917 after surgery. CONCLUSION: Iris ring implantation during @entity231 surgery was an effective procedure for increasing vision and reducing @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity16392 . In light of the results and @entity1 ' expressed satisfaction, a study should be performed to assess the outcomes of refractive lens exchange along with implantation of a PC IOL and prosthetic iris device in @entity16392 @entity1 seeking refractive correction.

title: Combined XXXX surgery and @entity6716 ring implantation in  @entity16392 .

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: Cultural influences are deeply rooted, and continue to affect the lives of Asian-Indian (AI) immigrants living in Western culture. Emerging literature suggests the powerful nature of traditions and culture on the lives, mental and physical health of AI immigrants, particularly @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to explore @entity308 among AI @entity1 in Central California (CC). This mixed-methods research was conducted in collaboration with the CC Punjabi community and the support of local religious leaders. All interviews were conducted in Punjabi and English. Whenever possible we utilized validated scales aligned with emerging themes from the qualitative data, which also provided contextualization to survey responses. In all we conducted 11 key informant interviews, four focus groups (n = 47) and a rigorously developed anonymous survey (n = 350). Social dynamics and traditional expectations including gendered roles significantly affected mental health among @entity1 @entity1 . Subgroups along the lines of language choice (Punjabi vs. English) experience and report @entity308 differently in part due to the highly stigmatized nature of mental health issues in this model minority community. The findings of this study highlight the importance of utilizing mixed methods to access hard to reach populations regarding sensitive topics such as mental health.

title: XXXX , a Hidden Mental Health Disparity in an Asian Indian Immigrant Community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: Epidemiologic studies of diet and @entity5 have been facilitated in Hawaii by the multiethnic composition of its population and the consequent heterogeneity in dietary intakes. Studies of migrant populations, particularly the Japanese, have firmly supported the conclusions that environmental factors are of predominant etiologic significance for most major sites of @entity5 , and that these factors may exert their influences at particular periods of life. Recent observations on Filipino migrants reproduce most of the findings in the Japanese, although they do not show the same abrupt increase in @entity694 rates to the high levels found in Caucasians. Data on dietary intakes in these populations support several of the prevailing hypotheses regarding the etiology of certain @entity1820 . Several case-control studies of diet and @entity5 have been completed or are ongoing in Hawaii. Some of these have included comparable studies in Japan, but the findings in Hawaii have generally not been reproduced in Japan. Weak associations with dietary fat have been found in Hawaii for @entity0 (particularly in Japanese @entity1 ) and for @entity263 (particularly in @entity1 greater than or equal to 70 years of age). @entity904 (especially carotene) has been shown to be inversely associated with @entity2 risk in @entity1 , but positively associated with @entity263 risk in older @entity1 . @entity620 may be inversely related to @entity150 risk, but has shown no relationship to lung or @entity263 risk. These and other findings are discussed in terms of future needs for epidemiologic research in this field.

title: Multiethnic studies of diet, nutrition, and XXXX in Hawaii.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and hormone-dependent cancers']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: In 1995, there will be 172,000 new cases of @entity2 diagnosed and 153,000 @entity204 from this disease in the United States. While the pathogenesis of the disease process is poorly understood, a growing body of evidence suggests that abnormalities in cellular regulatory genes may play an important role in the induction, maintenance and/or progression of some @entity5 types. These genes include both growth promoting oncogenes as well as growth inhibitory or suppressor genes. Included among these genetic sequences are several cellular transcription factors. A group of these factors including @entity1178 , @entity1639 and @entity5738 are members of a class of genes known as immediate early genes whose expression are inducible by a variety of stimuli including mitogenic and differentiation inducing growth factors, indicating a potential important role for these genes in normal growth processes. Since these genes are involved in early regulation of cellular growth properties and at least two ( @entity1178 and @entity1639 ) can act as oncogenes, we wished to determine whether their expression levels were altered in @entity1 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) compared to normal lung tissue. To address this, Northern blot analyses were performed using @entity1639 , @entity1178 and @entity5738 probes on RNA extracted from 101 @entity1149 specimens and adjacent uninvolved lung tissue. Analysis of this cohort revealed that 72% of the normal tissues demonstrate significantly greater expression of these transcription factors as compared to adjacent malignant tissue. Moreover, this expression pattern appeared to be coordinate for all three genes in the majority of cases. This differential expression pattern was confirmed at the protein level using an immunohistochemical approach with antibodies directed against the @entity1178 , @entity1639 and @entity5738 gene products. Southern blot analyses demonstrated no gross alterations of these sequences at the DNA level, indicating that the observed differential expression pattern was not due to gross structural changes in the genes. These data suggest that down-regulation of these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity2 .

title: Expression patterns of immediate early transcription factors in @entity1 @entity1149 . The XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'NSCLC tumor', 'non-small cell lung cancers']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: In 1995, there will be 172,000 new cases of @entity2 diagnosed and 153,000 @entity204 from this disease in the United States. While the pathogenesis of the disease process is poorly understood, a growing body of evidence suggests that abnormalities in cellular regulatory genes may play an important role in the induction, maintenance and/or progression of some @entity5 types. These genes include both growth promoting oncogenes as well as growth inhibitory or suppressor genes. Included among these genetic sequences are several cellular transcription factors. A group of these factors including @entity1178 , @entity1639 and @entity5738 are members of a class of genes known as immediate early genes whose expression are inducible by a variety of stimuli including mitogenic and differentiation inducing growth factors, indicating a potential important role for these genes in normal growth processes. Since these genes are involved in early regulation of cellular growth properties and at least two ( @entity1178 and @entity1639 ) can act as oncogenes, we wished to determine whether their expression levels were altered in @entity1 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) compared to normal lung tissue. To address this, Northern blot analyses were performed using @entity1639 , @entity1178 and @entity5738 probes on RNA extracted from 101 @entity1149 specimens and adjacent uninvolved lung tissue. Analysis of this cohort revealed that 72% of the normal tissues demonstrate significantly greater expression of these transcription factors as compared to adjacent malignant tissue. Moreover, this expression pattern appeared to be coordinate for all three genes in the majority of cases. This differential expression pattern was confirmed at the protein level using an immunohistochemical approach with antibodies directed against the @entity1178 , @entity1639 and @entity5738 gene products. Southern blot analyses demonstrated no gross alterations of these sequences at the DNA level, indicating that the observed differential expression pattern was not due to gross structural changes in the genes. These data suggest that down-regulation of these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity2 .

title: Expression patterns of immediate early transcription factors in @entity1 XXXX . The @entity2 Study Group.

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: In 1995, there will be 172,000 new cases of @entity2 diagnosed and 153,000 @entity204 from this disease in the United States. While the pathogenesis of the disease process is poorly understood, a growing body of evidence suggests that abnormalities in cellular regulatory genes may play an important role in the induction, maintenance and/or progression of some @entity5 types. These genes include both growth promoting oncogenes as well as growth inhibitory or suppressor genes. Included among these genetic sequences are several cellular transcription factors. A group of these factors including @entity1178 , @entity1639 and @entity5738 are members of a class of genes known as immediate early genes whose expression are inducible by a variety of stimuli including mitogenic and differentiation inducing growth factors, indicating a potential important role for these genes in normal growth processes. Since these genes are involved in early regulation of cellular growth properties and at least two ( @entity1178 and @entity1639 ) can act as oncogenes, we wished to determine whether their expression levels were altered in @entity1 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) compared to normal lung tissue. To address this, Northern blot analyses were performed using @entity1639 , @entity1178 and @entity5738 probes on RNA extracted from 101 @entity1149 specimens and adjacent uninvolved lung tissue. Analysis of this cohort revealed that 72% of the normal tissues demonstrate significantly greater expression of these transcription factors as compared to adjacent malignant tissue. Moreover, this expression pattern appeared to be coordinate for all three genes in the majority of cases. This differential expression pattern was confirmed at the protein level using an immunohistochemical approach with antibodies directed against the @entity1178 , @entity1639 and @entity5738 gene products. Southern blot analyses demonstrated no gross alterations of these sequences at the DNA level, indicating that the observed differential expression pattern was not due to gross structural changes in the genes. These data suggest that down-regulation of these genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity2 .

title: Expression patterns of immediate early transcription factors in XXXX @entity1149 . The @entity2 Study Group.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study aimed at evaluating the influence of submaximal isometric contraction on pressure @entity158 thresholds (PPTs) in 14 healthy volunteers before and after @entity272 . PPTs were determined with pressure algometry over m. quadriceps femoris before, during, and following an isometric contraction. Maximum @entity2472 (MVC) was assessed using a computerized dynamometer. A contraction of 21% MVC was held until exhaustion (max: 5 min) and PPTs were assessed every 30 sec. A local anesthetic cream and a control cream were applied following a double-blind design and PPTs were reassessed. PPTs increased significantly at the start of contraction and continued to increase until the middle of the contraction period, then remaining at this level. After contraction PPTs decreased significantly but for 5 min remained slightly above precontraction levels. Anesthetic cream raised @entity20094 at rest but not during and following contraction. The relative increase in PPTs during and immediately following isometric contraction was lower with anesthetic cream. Isometric contraction of m. quadriceps femoris increase PPTs during and following contraction. The results suggest that input from cutaneous and deeper tissues interacts with nociceptive activity set up by the pressure stimulus. Determining the degree of sensory modulation in muscle and skin in different @entity1118 could become a functional method of @entity1 assessment important for differential diagnosis, treatment evaluation, and follow-up.

title: Modulation of pressure XXXX thresholds during and following isometric contraction.

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary contraction']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The production of granulocytes and macrophages is under the control of at least four well defined haemopoietic growth factors or colony-stimulating factors (CSF's) which differ in their actions within the hierarchical organization of haemopoietic progenitor cells and in the different cell lineages they affect. Multi-CSF has an extremely broad @entity6542 , @entity2304 stimulates all granulocyte and macrophage progenitor cells and @entity24778 and @entity9827 have actions essentially restricted to the granulocyte or macrophage cell lineages, respectively. They are each, however, required for cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and mature cell activation within the cell lineages they act on. They each exert their actions through specific high-affinity cell surface receptors which show no direct cross reactivity with each other and which are structurally distinct. However, at physiological temperatures the CSF's show a specific pattern of receptor co-down-modulation which might reflect their cell lineage specificities. A major defect in @entity1778 is a block to differentiation so that cell divisions result in self-renewal of the leukaemic stem cells rather than terminal differentiation to non-dividing cells. In @entity19 models such a defect does not result in @entity5 until it is accompanied by autonomy from external CSF growth control but in @entity1 @entity1778 there is no evidence for autonomy from CSF growth control and CSF's may play a permissive role in the emergence of @entity1778 . The possibility of using CSF's to override the differentiation block in @entity1778 and cause suppression of leukaemic growth by differentiation induction has been examined for the action of @entity24778 on @entity19 leukaemic WEHI-3B D+ cells. @entity24778 induces differentiation in these cells, strongly suppresses cell divisions leading to self-renewal and increases the survival time of @entity19 injected with treated cells. The possible importance of this factor in cell differentiation is indicated by the loss of @entity24778 receptors in a differentiation-defective mutant of WEHI-3B, the conservation of @entity24778 and its receptor from @entity19 to @entity1 and the observation that all primary @entity1 @entity1778 exhibit specific receptors for this factor.

title: The colony-stimulating factors and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['haemopoietic specificity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukaemias', 'leukaemias']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['myeloid leukaemia']


abstract: @entity6009 was used in a randomized double-blind trial in 15 @entity1 with @entity2407 in @entity7087 ( @entity7087 ). Its effect on @entity2407 was evaluated by IR-radiometry, Doppler ultrasound, nailfold capillaroscopy, frequency of finger @entity1066 and @entity1 complaints before and after a 3-month course of treatment with oral @entity6009 in the dosage of 60 mg daily in the first month and 120 mg in the second and third months. Of the 8 @entity1 treated with @entity6009 , 5 showed improvement. In the other 2 @entity1 with progression of @entity272 and multiorgan involvement, the @entity1095 was unchanged. @entity6009 treatment was discontinued in one @entity1 owing to dizziness and @entity148 . In one @entity1 @entity6009 was reduced to 60 mg daily because of fluid retention. There were no other adverse effects. In 7 control @entity1 on placebo there was no significant improvement in @entity2407 . @entity6009 , a selective, specific and pure antagonist of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) appears to be an effective agent in the treatment of @entity2407 in @entity7087 . Moreover, @entity6009 could contribute to the understanding of the role of @entity750 in @entity7087 pathogenesis.

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity2407 in @entity7087 : a double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disorder']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon and digital ischaemic ulcers", "Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['progressive systemic sclerosis', 'PSS']

answer: @entity6009 :: (MESH:D007650,Chemical) :: ['ketanserin']


abstract: @entity6009 was used in a randomized double-blind trial in 15 @entity1 with @entity2407 in @entity7087 ( @entity7087 ). Its effect on @entity2407 was evaluated by IR-radiometry, Doppler ultrasound, nailfold capillaroscopy, frequency of finger @entity1066 and @entity1 complaints before and after a 3-month course of treatment with oral @entity6009 in the dosage of 60 mg daily in the first month and 120 mg in the second and third months. Of the 8 @entity1 treated with @entity6009 , 5 showed improvement. In the other 2 @entity1 with progression of @entity272 and multiorgan involvement, the @entity1095 was unchanged. @entity6009 treatment was discontinued in one @entity1 owing to dizziness and @entity148 . In one @entity1 @entity6009 was reduced to 60 mg daily because of fluid retention. There were no other adverse effects. In 7 control @entity1 on placebo there was no significant improvement in @entity2407 . @entity6009 , a selective, specific and pure antagonist of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) appears to be an effective agent in the treatment of @entity2407 in @entity7087 . Moreover, @entity6009 could contribute to the understanding of the role of @entity750 in @entity7087 pathogenesis.

title: Effect of @entity6009 on @entity2407 in XXXX : a double-blind trial.

answer: @entity7087 :: (MESH:D045743,Disease) :: ['progressive systemic sclerosis']


abstract: @entity6009 was used in a randomized double-blind trial in 15 @entity1 with @entity2407 in @entity7087 ( @entity7087 ). Its effect on @entity2407 was evaluated by IR-radiometry, Doppler ultrasound, nailfold capillaroscopy, frequency of finger @entity1066 and @entity1 complaints before and after a 3-month course of treatment with oral @entity6009 in the dosage of 60 mg daily in the first month and 120 mg in the second and third months. Of the 8 @entity1 treated with @entity6009 , 5 showed improvement. In the other 2 @entity1 with progression of @entity272 and multiorgan involvement, the @entity1095 was unchanged. @entity6009 treatment was discontinued in one @entity1 owing to dizziness and @entity148 . In one @entity1 @entity6009 was reduced to 60 mg daily because of fluid retention. There were no other adverse effects. In 7 control @entity1 on placebo there was no significant improvement in @entity2407 . @entity6009 , a selective, specific and pure antagonist of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) appears to be an effective agent in the treatment of @entity2407 in @entity7087 . Moreover, @entity6009 could contribute to the understanding of the role of @entity750 in @entity7087 pathogenesis.

title: Effect of @entity6009 on XXXX in @entity7087 : a double-blind trial.

answer: @entity2407 :: (MESH:D011928,Disease) :: ['Raynaud's phenomenon']


abstract: 1. Kinetic experiments suggested the possible existence of at least two different @entity2125 -dependent @entity264 dehydrogenases in @entity35 liver. Distribution studies showed that one enzyme, designated enzyme I, was exclusively localized in the mitochondria and that another enzyme, designated enzyme II, was localized in both the mitochondria and the microsomal fraction. 2. A @entity1110 -dependent enzyme was also found in the mitochondria and the microsomal fraction and it is suggested that this enzyme is identical with enzyme II. 3. The K(m) for @entity3094 was apparently less than 10mum for enzyme I and 0.9-1.7mm for enzyme II. The K(m) for @entity2125 was similar for both enzymes (20-30mum). The K(m) for @entity1110 was 2-3mm and for @entity3094 0.5-0.7mm for the @entity1110 -dependent activity. 4. The @entity2125 -dependent enzymes show pH optima between 9 and 10. The highest activity was found in pyrophosphate buffer for both enzymes. In @entity1391 buffer there was a striking difference in activity between the two enzymes. Compared with the activity in @entity9955 buffer, the activity of enzyme II was uninfluenced, whereas the activity of enzyme I was very low. 5. The results are compared with those of earlier investigations on the distribution of @entity264 dehydrogenase and with the results from purified enzymes from different sources.

title: The subcellular distribution and properties of XXXX dehydrogenases in @entity35 liver.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity9955 :: ('MESH:C107241', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrophosphate']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity264 :: (CHEBI:17478,Chemical) :: ['aldehyde']


abstract: 1. Kinetic experiments suggested the possible existence of at least two different @entity2125 -dependent @entity264 dehydrogenases in @entity35 liver. Distribution studies showed that one enzyme, designated enzyme I, was exclusively localized in the mitochondria and that another enzyme, designated enzyme II, was localized in both the mitochondria and the microsomal fraction. 2. A @entity1110 -dependent enzyme was also found in the mitochondria and the microsomal fraction and it is suggested that this enzyme is identical with enzyme II. 3. The K(m) for @entity3094 was apparently less than 10mum for enzyme I and 0.9-1.7mm for enzyme II. The K(m) for @entity2125 was similar for both enzymes (20-30mum). The K(m) for @entity1110 was 2-3mm and for @entity3094 0.5-0.7mm for the @entity1110 -dependent activity. 4. The @entity2125 -dependent enzymes show pH optima between 9 and 10. The highest activity was found in pyrophosphate buffer for both enzymes. In @entity1391 buffer there was a striking difference in activity between the two enzymes. Compared with the activity in @entity9955 buffer, the activity of enzyme II was uninfluenced, whereas the activity of enzyme I was very low. 5. The results are compared with those of earlier investigations on the distribution of @entity264 dehydrogenase and with the results from purified enzymes from different sources.

title: The subcellular distribution and properties of @entity264 dehydrogenases in XXXX liver.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 with @entity2360 ( @entity2360 ) were observed at a @entity717 clinic between 1970 and 2000. Disease onset was at the mean age (SD) of 14.5 (+/-5.9) years. Presentation with @entity99 occurred in 12 of 30 @entity1 and with @entity16 in 15. Three @entity1 were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. The mean (SD) delay to diagnosis was 5.9 (+/-5.7) years. Five @entity1 diagnosed in an advanced stage of disease died before initiating treatment. Eighteen @entity1 were followed and treated with @entity2361 alone or in combination with @entity5937 . Treatment improved most of @entity16 . @entity3520 , @entity132 and @entity4653 were the most resistant neurological signs. 'Pseudo- @entity3808 ' neurologic involvement predicted a good outcome, whereas hepatic onset and 'classic' neurologic involvement were associated with a poorer prognosis. Two of the 18 treated @entity1 died of @entity1578 due to voluntary discontinuation of therapy. Both @entity2361 and @entity5937 were well tolerated. No teratogenic effect of @entity2361 was observed throughout 5 pregnancies. Our results suggest that @entity2361 or a combination of @entity2361 and @entity5937 is a safe and effective long-term treatment in @entity1 with @entity2360 .

title: Clinical presentation and treatment of XXXX : a single-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['Dystonic postures']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural disturbances']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms', 'neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease", 'WD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5937 :: ('CHEBI:35176', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc sulphate']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['Wilson's disease']


abstract: The cognitive performance of 47 elderly @entity716 @entity1 with onset of symptoms in late life (late @entity4696 ) was compared to that of 33 controls matched for age, sex, ethnic origin, number of years of education, and pre-morbid IQ as measured by the NART. Neuropsychological indices of general cognitive functioning (MMSE, CAMCOG, WAIS-R verbal and performance scores) showed that @entity1 were performing the tasks at a significantly lower level than controls. @entity1 also showed a trend to have a lower span capacity than controls, particularly at the spatial span subtest. There was no obvious impairment of learning as measured by the digit and spatial recurring span tasks nor of simultaneous matching-to-sample ability. However, @entity1 ' performance on a delayed-matching-to-sample procedure was significantly worse than that of controls. In addition, @entity1 performed worse than controls on the Recognition Memory Test for Faces, but not for Words. Finally, the performance of @entity1 on tests assessing executive functioning (Verbal Fluency Test, Computerized Extra and Intra-Dimensional Shift Task, Computerized Spatial Working Memory Task, and Computerized Tower of London Task) was consistently worse than that of controls. These results suggest that @entity716 states arising in late life are predominantly associated with a decline on measures of general cognitive ability and executive functioning. The neuropsychological meaning of these findings is discussed in the light of cognitive models of @entity716 , as well as of @entity161 and @entity303 research. We concluded that the lack of a clear pattern of impairment among these @entity1 may be the result of their clinical and cognitive diversity.

title: Cognitive features of @entity716 states arising in late life (late XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4696 :: ('MESH:D003865', 'Disease') :: ['paraphrenia']

answer: @entity4696 :: (MESH:D003865,Disease) :: ['paraphrenia']


abstract: The cognitive performance of 47 elderly @entity716 @entity1 with onset of symptoms in late life (late @entity4696 ) was compared to that of 33 controls matched for age, sex, ethnic origin, number of years of education, and pre-morbid IQ as measured by the NART. Neuropsychological indices of general cognitive functioning (MMSE, CAMCOG, WAIS-R verbal and performance scores) showed that @entity1 were performing the tasks at a significantly lower level than controls. @entity1 also showed a trend to have a lower span capacity than controls, particularly at the spatial span subtest. There was no obvious impairment of learning as measured by the digit and spatial recurring span tasks nor of simultaneous matching-to-sample ability. However, @entity1 ' performance on a delayed-matching-to-sample procedure was significantly worse than that of controls. In addition, @entity1 performed worse than controls on the Recognition Memory Test for Faces, but not for Words. Finally, the performance of @entity1 on tests assessing executive functioning (Verbal Fluency Test, Computerized Extra and Intra-Dimensional Shift Task, Computerized Spatial Working Memory Task, and Computerized Tower of London Task) was consistently worse than that of controls. These results suggest that @entity716 states arising in late life are predominantly associated with a decline on measures of general cognitive ability and executive functioning. The neuropsychological meaning of these findings is discussed in the light of cognitive models of @entity716 , as well as of @entity161 and @entity303 research. We concluded that the lack of a clear pattern of impairment among these @entity1 may be the result of their clinical and cognitive diversity.

title: Cognitive features of XXXX states arising in late life (late @entity4696 ).

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic']


abstract: This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity of @entity716 with onset in late life by using cognitive factors in a centroid method of cluster analysis. Forty-seven subjects were allocated to two different clusters, the first with 24 (51.1%) and the second with 23 (48.9%) @entity1 . Their cognitive attainment was evaluated against the performance of 33 elderly controls, all groups being matched for age, sex, and the numbers of years of education. @entity1 in cluster 2 showed a pattern of widespread @entity73 , which involved general measures of cognitive performance (MMSE, CAMCOG, WAIS-R verbal and performance scores), memory (digit and spatial span, delayed matching-to-sample, recognition memory for words and faces), and executive functions (verbal fluency, extra and intra-dimensional shift ability, spatial working memory, and planning). In contrast, @entity1 in cluster 1 were only impaired on their extra-dimensional set shift and planning abilities, suggesting a more specific and restricted executive functioning deficit. We also analysed the impact that the use of antipsychotic medication could have had on @entity1 ' cognitive performance, which was shown to be negligible. In addition, there was no difference between the clusters with regard to the number of @entity1 using neuroleptics, suggesting that the medication was unlikely to have introduced a performance bias in the two @entity1 clusters. The validity of the subdivision of these @entity1 into two separate groups was further supported by other clinical findings. @entity1 in cluster 1 exhibited more severe @entity716 , as measured by the SAPS, than their counterparts in cluster 2, and were also more likely to display first-rank symptoms of Schneider. Conversely, cluster 2 membership was strongly associated with the presence of neurological signs and negative symptoms. We suggest that @entity716 states arising in late life are a heterogeneous condition that may be best divided in two: 'type A', including @entity1 with a wide range of @entity716 , mild increase in the frequency of neurological signs, and @entity73 restricted to executive functions, and 'type B', which includes @entity1 with less complex @entity716 associated with a marked increase in the frequency of neurological signs and generalized @entity73 . The basis for this subdivision and the prospect for future studies are discussed.

title: Clinical and cognitive diversity of XXXX states arising in late life (late paraphrenia).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid psychosis', 'psychotic', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic']


abstract: An experimental model system is presented that allows the identification and follow-up of @entity19 exposed to ionizing radiation using flow-cytometric measurements of peripheral blood cells. In an experiment, properties of peripheral blood cells were analysed with flow cytometry for a rapid identification of individuals exposed to radiation. Individuals were then followed longitudinally in an attempt to identify those developing @entity5 . Male CBA @entity19 , 25 days old, were subjected to fractionated x-irradiation (4 x 1.31 Gy) to induce @entity5 . By repeated blood sampling followed by flow cytometry, frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes and of proliferating nucleated cells were determined. @entity5 were diagnosed by histopathology. Five days after the end of radiation exposure, increased frequencies of proliferating cells, polychromatic erythrocytes and micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes clearly distinguished the exposed group from the control group. Increased cell proliferation in peripheral blood cells could be used to identify animals with @entity5 , although these animals were at a late stage of @entity5 development. Animals with @entity6732 (not generalized) could not be identified with the flow-cytometric parameters used. We consider that this model system has a potential use when a small number of risk individuals need to be identified and monitored within a large population.

title: Flow-cytometric identification and follow-up of XXXX exposed to x-irradiation: evaluation of a model system.

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['haematopoietic malignancies', 'neoplasias', 'Neoplasias', 'manifest tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The gef gene, found in @entity526 DNA, encodes a small (50 @entity1522 ) protein which is related to cell-killing functions. We used the MS-36 @entity320 cell line as an experimental model to examine the usefulness of the gef gene as a new strategy for @entity5 therapy. We transfected MS-36 cells using the pMAMneo vector, and induced gef gene expression with @entity619 . This decreased the proliferation rate of MS-36TG by as much as 85% in comparison with MS-36 parental cells. The decrease in cell growth was accompanied with significant modifications of the cell cycle and morphology. The G1-phase gradually disappeared, with accumulation in the S-phase. However, studies with annexin V- @entity2823 and @entity10713 failed to demonstrate induction of apoptosis. Morphological changes were an increase in cell size and the number of filopodia, and especially the appearance of pore-like alterations in the cell membrane which were not seen in parental cells. Our results demonstrate that the gef gene, a system independent of the administration of a prodrug, significantly reduces the proliferation of MS-36 cells. This gene may therefore be considered a new candidate for @entity5 gene therapy.

title: Transfection of MS-36 XXXX cells with gef gene inhibits proliferation and induces modulation of the cell cycle.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity10713 :: ('MESH:C025942', 'Chemical') :: ['7-aminoactinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the growTH rate and behavior of small (< or = 3.5-cm diameter) incidentally detected @entity703 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty renal @entity5 in 37 adult @entity1 (mean age, 65.5 years) were observed with computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound for 1.75-8.5 years (mean, 3.25 years). Surgical removal was performed of 26 @entity5 proved and graded at pathologic examination. @entity5 with CT criteria of @entity5 are being followed up. RESULTS: The overall growth rate of @entity5 was 0-1.1 cm/y (mean, 0.36 cm/y). Thirty @entity5 grew 0.5 cm/y or less and 19 grew very slowly (< or = 0.35 cm/y). No @entity1 developed @entity3 . Nine (24%) had multiple @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Most small, incidentally discovered, well-marginated @entity703 grow slowly and are not an immediate threat to a @entity1 's life. Watchful waiting might be appropriate instead of surgical removal, especially in @entity1 who are elderly or may not survive surgery.

title: Small XXXX : further observations on growth.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Fourteen tumors', 'parenchymal tumors', 'neoplasm', 'tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal parenchymal neoplasms']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal parenchymal neoplasms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity43 resectability with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-two @entity1 underwent CT (n = 43) or MR imaging (n = 50); eleven of these 82 underwent both. Imaging was performed within 4 weeks of surgical staging. Radiologic, surgical, and histopathologic findings were compared. RESULTS: Overall staging accuracy was similar for CT and MR imaging (77% [33 of 43] vs 78% [39 of 50]). Evaluation of pelvic @entity5 extent was better with MR imaging than with CT. There was no difference in detection of abdominal disease. Most mesenteric and small-bowel implants were not detected with either CT or MR imaging. For CT, the positive predictive value for @entity5 nonresectability was 100% (three of three @entity1 ); the negative predictive value was 92% (37 of 40 @entity1 ). The positive and negative predictive values for MR imaging were 91% (10 of 11 @entity1 ) and 97% (38 of 39 @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: While the staging accuracy of both CT and MR imaging is only moderate, prediction of @entity5 resectability is excellent.

title: XXXX : staging with CT and MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer staging and tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity791 , early suppression of the viral load in the central nervous system is critical for the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy, in order to prevent the emergence of a reservoir of resistant strains of virus, and @entity75 in late stages of the @entity281 . The blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interface (i.e. the choroidal epithelium) constitutes the most direct route to reach the ventricular meningeal and perivascular infected macrophages, and may modulate the cerebral biodisposition of antiretroviral drugs through various transport systems. Our aim was to address @entity2353 drug transfer specifically across the blood-CSF interface, and identify the possible mechanisms involved in their transport. METHODS: Drug influx and efflux were measured using an in vitro cellular model that reproduces the barrier and transport properties of the blood-CSF interface in vivo. Transport mechanisms were investigated by competition studies. RESULTS: The CSF influx rate of @entity9611 was the highest, although moderate, followed by that of @entity14027 . The permeability coefficients of the other drugs tested were low. @entity9611 influx into the CSF is independent of @entity1014 transport systems, and more importantly is limited by an efflux mechanism. This efflux involves an apical (CSF-facing) carrier belonging to the solute carrier (Slc) 22 family of organic anion transporters, and can be inhibited by a therapeutic concentration of @entity11368 . CONCLUSIONS: The demonstration and characterization of this efflux mechanism is the basis for the development of specific inhibitory agents in view to increase the delivery of antiretroviral @entity2353 analogs to the brain.

title: Choroid plexus controls brain availability of anti-HIV XXXX analogs via pharmacologically inhibitable organic anion transporters.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['Zidovudine', 'zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['stavudine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain impairment']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity11368 :: ('MESH:D001553', 'Chemical') :: ['benzbromarone']

answer: @entity2353 :: (CHEBI:33838,Chemical) :: ['nucleoside']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is @entity347 that occurs after the 20th week of gestation in pregnancy and is characterized by @entity101 and @entity644 . In Africa more than 270,000 @entity1 die from maternal deaths, worldwide approximately 76,000 @entity1 and 500,000 babies die yearly due to @entity1468 . It affects about 8-10  % of all pregnancies. Studies have shown that up to 77  % @entity1 affected with @entity1468 lack knowledge about @entity1468 , and therefore cannot take preventative measures. The aim of study is to evaluate the outcomes and quality of care given to preeclamptic @entity1 treated in Dilla University Referral Hospital. METHODS: The study is a retrospective, hospital based study. One hundred and seventy two records of @entity1 were retained for final study out of 7702 @entity1 from January 2009 to December 2012. RESULTS: The incidence rate of @entity1468 in Dilla University Referral Hospital was found to be 2.23  %. The common mean ages found to be affected for @entity1468 were 19.2, 22.5 and 27.8 and 31.5 with a trend towards increasing severity with younger age population. CONCLUSION: A guideline on the management and prevention of @entity1468 needs to be produced for Ehiopia.

title: Assessment of prevalence of XXXX from Dilla region of Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['a multi-organ system disorder']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cestodes or tapeworms belong to a diverse group of helminths. The adult @entity21564 and @entity8785 tapeworm can infest the @entity1 gut and the larval stage of Echinococcus spp. and @entity8785 can infect tissues of the @entity1 body, causing serious disease. Molecular diagnostics can be performed on proglottids, eggs and on cyst fluids taken by biopsy. Detection of @entity12004 when a @entity281 is suspected is of vital importance and species determination is required for appropriate @entity1 care. For routine diagnostics a single test that is able to detect and type a range of @entity12004 is preferable. We sought to improve our diagnostic procedure that used to rely on PCR and subsequent sequencing of the @entity9859 and Nad1 genes. We have compared these PCRs with novel PCRs on the 12S rRNA and Nad5 gene and established the sensitivity and specificity. A single PCR on the 12S gene proved to be very suitable for detection and specification of Taenia sp. and Echinococcus sp. Both targets harbour enough polymorphic sites to determine the various Echinococcus species. The 12S PCR was most sensitive of all tested.

title: Novel PCRs for differential diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['helminthic infection']

entities_list: @entity21564 :: ('6206', 'Species') :: ['Taenia saginata']

entities_list: @entity8785 :: ('6204', 'Species') :: ['Taenia solium', 'T.  solium']

answer: @entity12004 :: (MESH:D002590,Disease) :: ['cestodes']


abstract: The apexcardiogram (acg), when recorded serially in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ) and stable @entity741 ( @entity741 ), appeared to reflect the abnormal patterns of contraction of the left ventricle in these conditions. Thus, @entity2121 (dyskinesis) of the systolic wave or increased "a" wave amplitude with gradual recovery over several weeks was found in all 60 @entity1 with documented @entity583 and in 18 of 20 @entity1 with @entity1459 . Electrocardiogram changes were noted, however, in only eight of the @entity1459 @entity1 . Changes in the acg frequently antedated @entity63 in the ecg. Paradoxical bulging of the systolic wave of the acg was additionally noted in @entity1 during the @entity951 but this promptly disappeared after the administration of @entity12118 . @entity1 with @entity951 often had normal resting ecg's but abnormal resting acg's. In contrast to the relatively transient abnormalities noted above, the acg remained unchanged in most @entity1 with stable @entity741 during follow-up of three months to two years. @entity1 undergoing coronary bypass operations, however, showed immediate improvement in the acg in the postoperative period. These results suggest the acg reflects the contractile pattern of the left ventricle, and may be an indirectly recorded ventriculogram. Its enhanced sensitivity and the earlier development of changes in comparison to the ecg make this a valuable tool in the study of @entity1 with @entity299 .

title: The apexcardiogram in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical bulging']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['pia', 'preinfarction angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['pain of angina pectoris', 'classic angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease', 'ihd']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['ami', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Standard of care for @entity1 with advanced @entity356 includes administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before resection. This study assesses the pattern of use and impact of NAC on perioperative outcomes in US medical centers. METHODS: Using the American College of Surgeons National @entity5 Database, 16,128 @entity1 underwent gastrectomy for @entity5 from 2003 to 2012. Treatment groups were categorized as NAC or no NAC (ie, adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery only). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to estimate trends in utilization and impact of treatment on perioperative outcomes. RESULTS: Of @entity1 undergoing gastrectomy, 36.6% received NAC and 63.4% did not receive chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting. @entity1 who received NAC were more frequently younger, male, white, privately insured, with fewer comorbidities, and treated at an @entity4207 center (all P  <  .0001). After  controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and @entity5 -related factors, @entity1 who received NAC had a postoperative duration of stay 0.43  days shorter than @entity1 who did not receive chemotherapy (5.79 vs 6.22  days; P  =  .050). They had a 36% lower odds of 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.64, P  <  .0001) but nonsignificant lower odds of 90-day mortality. Use of NAC increased annually, with the greatest increases seen in @entity4207 facilities and in the Northeast and North Central United States. CONCLUSION: With concerns regarding the @entity137 of NAC, these findings suggest that NAC is not associated with worse postoperative outcomes. In light of evidence touting the benefits of NAC, its adoption as a component in the multimodality care of @entity356 is slowly increasing, although use of NAC remains poor overall.

title: Trends in the use and impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on perioperative outcomes for resected XXXX : Evidence from the American College of Surgeons National @entity5 Database.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Standard of care for @entity1 with advanced @entity356 includes administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before resection. This study assesses the pattern of use and impact of NAC on perioperative outcomes in US medical centers. METHODS: Using the American College of Surgeons National @entity5 Database, 16,128 @entity1 underwent gastrectomy for @entity5 from 2003 to 2012. Treatment groups were categorized as NAC or no NAC (ie, adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery only). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to estimate trends in utilization and impact of treatment on perioperative outcomes. RESULTS: Of @entity1 undergoing gastrectomy, 36.6% received NAC and 63.4% did not receive chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting. @entity1 who received NAC were more frequently younger, male, white, privately insured, with fewer comorbidities, and treated at an @entity4207 center (all P  <  .0001). After  controlling for demographics, comorbidities, and @entity5 -related factors, @entity1 who received NAC had a postoperative duration of stay 0.43  days shorter than @entity1 who did not receive chemotherapy (5.79 vs 6.22  days; P  =  .050). They had a 36% lower odds of 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.64, P  <  .0001) but nonsignificant lower odds of 90-day mortality. Use of NAC increased annually, with the greatest increases seen in @entity4207 facilities and in the Northeast and North Central United States. CONCLUSION: With concerns regarding the @entity137 of NAC, these findings suggest that NAC is not associated with worse postoperative outcomes. In light of evidence touting the benefits of NAC, its adoption as a component in the multimodality care of @entity356 is slowly increasing, although use of NAC remains poor overall.

title: Trends in the use and impact of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on perioperative outcomes for resected @entity356 : Evidence from the American College of Surgeons National XXXX Database.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies against monomeric @entity1851 (anti-CRP-Ab) observed in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) were suggested to be associated with active @entity1988 and a poor response to therapy during short-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to confirm this finding and to investigate the prognostic value of anti-CRP-Ab in @entity1 with @entity1988 during long-term follow-up. METHODS: Sera of 57 @entity1252 @entity1 (47 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ) with biopsy proven @entity1988 and 122 healthy individuals were analyzed for the presence of anti-CRP-Ab by in-house ELISA. Anti-CRP-Ab levels were studied in relation to routine laboratory tests, urine analysis, levels of C3, C4, other immunological markers and the overall disease activity as assessed by @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). The prognostic value of anti-CRP-Ab was tested in a subgroup of 29 newly diagnosed @entity1988 @entity1 (median follow-up 5.9  years). Response to therapy at various time points was assessed with respect to baseline anti-CRP-Ab levels. At least partial response in the first/second  year of treatment was considered as a "favorable outcome", while non-response, renal flare or end @entity703 were considered as "unfavorable outcome". RESULTS: Anti-CRP-Ab were only detected in @entity1 with @entity8 and their levels correlated with @entity1252 (rs   =   0.165, p   =   0.002). The time to response was shorter in patients being anti-CRP-Ab negative at baseline compared to anti-CRP-Ab positive @entity1 , p   =   0.037. In the second year of therapy, baseline anti-CRP-Ab positivity was a significant predictor of "unfavorable outcome" (OR [95  % CI]   =   15.6 [1.2-771]; p   =   0.021). The predictive value of "baseline anti-CRP positivity" further increased when combined with "non-response to therapy in the first year". Baseline anti-CRP-Ab positivity was not a predictor of "unfavorable outcome" at the end of follow-up, (OR [95  % CI]   =   5.5 [0.6-71.1], p   =   0.169). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline serum levels of anti-CRP-Ab seem to be a strong risk factor for a composite outcome of non-response, renal flare or end @entity703 after two years of standard treatment of @entity1988 . The response to therapy seems to be delayed in anti-CRP-Ab positive @entity1 .

title: Prognostic value of anti-CRP antibodies in XXXX in long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['active renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'SLEDAI', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) are presented with several treatment options of similar efficacy but varying side effects. Understanding how and why @entity1 make their treatment decisions, as well as the effect of treatment choice on long-term outcomes, is critical to ensuring effective, @entity1 -centered care. This study examined treatment decision-making in a racially diverse, equal-access, contemporary cohort of @entity1 with @entity263 counseled on treatment options at a multidisciplinary clinic. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was initiated at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (formerly Walter Reed Army Medical Center) in 2006. Newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity263 were enrolled before attending a multidisciplinary clinic. @entity1 completed surveys preclinic and postclinic to assess treatment preferences, reasons for treatment choice, and decisional regret. RESULTS: As of January 2014, 925 @entity1 with @entity263 enrolled in this study. Surgery (54%), external radiation (20%), and active surveillance (12%) were the most common primary treatments for @entity1 with low- and intermediate-risk @entity263 , whereas @entity1 with high-risk @entity263 chose surgery (34%) or external radiation with neoadjuvant hormones (57%). Treatment choice differed by age at diagnosis, race, comorbidity status, and calendar year in both univariable and multivariable analyses. @entity1 preferred to play an active role in the decision-making process and cited doctors at the clinic as the most helpful source of treatment-related information. Almost all @entity1 reported satisfaction with their decision. CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first prospective cohort studies to examine treatment decision-making in an equal-access, multidisciplinary clinic setting. Studies of this cohort would aid in understanding and improving the @entity263 decision-making process.

title: A prospective cohort study of treatment decision-making for XXXX following participation in a multidisciplinary clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Metastatic @entity0 is currently incurable despite initial responsiveness, assumingly due to the presence of chemoresistant subpopulations that can be characterized as label retaining cells (LRC). In the 4T1 @entity19 @entity0 model, we previously achieved cure after @entity786 and Total Body Irradiation (CY + TBI) followed by haploidentical bone marrow and spleen transplantation (BMSPLT). CY + TBI without transplantation induced only transient @entity5 growth indicating a critical role of donor immune cells. As it remained unknown if the 4T1 model resembles @entity1 disease with respect to the presence of subpopulations of chemoresistant LRC, we now demonstrate this is indeed the case. Chemoresistance of 4T1 LRC was demonstrated by in vitro co-incubation of fluorescently labeled 4T1 cells in limiting dilution with @entity786 , @entity632 or @entity900 , after which only LRC containing colonies remained. LRC also remain in vivo after treatment with CY + TBI. Succeeding experiments set up to identify the haploidentical effector cell responsible for cure and, therefore, for the elimination of chemoresistant LRC designate donor NK cells crucial for the anti- @entity5 effect. NK cell depletion of the haploidentical graft fully abrogated the anti- @entity5 effect. Increased disease-free survival retained after transplantation of haploidentical bone marrow and NK cell-enriched spleen cell grafts, even in the absence of donor T-cells or of donor bone marrow. Tumor growth analysis indicates the anti- @entity5 effect being immediate (days). Based on these data, it is worthwhile to explore alloreactive adoptive NK cell therapy as consolidation for @entity1 with metastasized @entity0 .

title: Elimination of the chemotherapy resistant subpopulation of 4T1 @entity19 XXXX by haploidentical NK cells cures the vast majority of @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'impaired tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Metastatic @entity0 is currently incurable despite initial responsiveness, assumingly due to the presence of chemoresistant subpopulations that can be characterized as label retaining cells (LRC). In the 4T1 @entity19 @entity0 model, we previously achieved cure after @entity786 and Total Body Irradiation (CY + TBI) followed by haploidentical bone marrow and spleen transplantation (BMSPLT). CY + TBI without transplantation induced only transient @entity5 growth indicating a critical role of donor immune cells. As it remained unknown if the 4T1 model resembles @entity1 disease with respect to the presence of subpopulations of chemoresistant LRC, we now demonstrate this is indeed the case. Chemoresistance of 4T1 LRC was demonstrated by in vitro co-incubation of fluorescently labeled 4T1 cells in limiting dilution with @entity786 , @entity632 or @entity900 , after which only LRC containing colonies remained. LRC also remain in vivo after treatment with CY + TBI. Succeeding experiments set up to identify the haploidentical effector cell responsible for cure and, therefore, for the elimination of chemoresistant LRC designate donor NK cells crucial for the anti- @entity5 effect. NK cell depletion of the haploidentical graft fully abrogated the anti- @entity5 effect. Increased disease-free survival retained after transplantation of haploidentical bone marrow and NK cell-enriched spleen cell grafts, even in the absence of donor T-cells or of donor bone marrow. Tumor growth analysis indicates the anti- @entity5 effect being immediate (days). Based on these data, it is worthwhile to explore alloreactive adoptive NK cell therapy as consolidation for @entity1 with metastasized @entity0 .

title: Elimination of the chemotherapy resistant subpopulation of 4T1 XXXX @entity0 by haploidentical NK cells cures the vast majority of @entity19 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Metastatic @entity0 is currently incurable despite initial responsiveness, assumingly due to the presence of chemoresistant subpopulations that can be characterized as label retaining cells (LRC). In the 4T1 @entity19 @entity0 model, we previously achieved cure after @entity786 and Total Body Irradiation (CY + TBI) followed by haploidentical bone marrow and spleen transplantation (BMSPLT). CY + TBI without transplantation induced only transient @entity5 growth indicating a critical role of donor immune cells. As it remained unknown if the 4T1 model resembles @entity1 disease with respect to the presence of subpopulations of chemoresistant LRC, we now demonstrate this is indeed the case. Chemoresistance of 4T1 LRC was demonstrated by in vitro co-incubation of fluorescently labeled 4T1 cells in limiting dilution with @entity786 , @entity632 or @entity900 , after which only LRC containing colonies remained. LRC also remain in vivo after treatment with CY + TBI. Succeeding experiments set up to identify the haploidentical effector cell responsible for cure and, therefore, for the elimination of chemoresistant LRC designate donor NK cells crucial for the anti- @entity5 effect. NK cell depletion of the haploidentical graft fully abrogated the anti- @entity5 effect. Increased disease-free survival retained after transplantation of haploidentical bone marrow and NK cell-enriched spleen cell grafts, even in the absence of donor T-cells or of donor bone marrow. Tumor growth analysis indicates the anti- @entity5 effect being immediate (days). Based on these data, it is worthwhile to explore alloreactive adoptive NK cell therapy as consolidation for @entity1 with metastasized @entity0 .

title: Elimination of the chemotherapy resistant subpopulation of 4T1 @entity19 @entity0 by haploidentical NK cells cures the vast majority of XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity74 may result in delay of language development. There is on the one hand a large group of @entity1 with bilateral @entity1897 , most of whom will be amenable to appropriate treatment, and on the other a group, possibly more numerous, who have a variety of disorders of speech and language, varying from lack of speech associated with severe @entity1032 to more specific defects, such as @entity5545 and @entity1742 . These disorders are probably due to a defect of cerebral function at the highest level and in these @entity1 no-one will have suspected @entity2319 or have suggested that there is an abnormal response to auditory stimuli. Some @entity1 will start life with such an abnormal response but as they grow older will cease to show the characteristics of @entity2319 . This group is analysed and it is suggested that some may be diagnosed as suffering from @entity2319 . The E. E. G./Audiogram is useful in the differenciation of these @entity1 from those with @entity2319 , especially at an early age when co-operation is limited, or when these are severe @entity132 or infantile @entity914 . This technique will be briefly discusses. @entity1 with @entity2319 may be included among those with disorders of language development, but it is possible that this disability may sometimes result from a failure of integration at a cortical level. The reason for suggesting this diagnostic category is to stress that these @entity1 do initially behave in a similar way to those who are perpherally deaf.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Disorders of language development, with particular reference to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disturbances']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'perpheral deafness', 'central deafness']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral deafness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Many disorders']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['developmental articulatory dyspraxia']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['congenital dyslexia']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['central deafness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determination of the prevalence of @entity717 and its association with signs and symptoms of the hips and knees in a Dutch general population aged 55 years and over. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING: Rotterdam-Ommoord, the Netherlands. METHOD: During home interviews of 1,901 @entity1 and 3,132 @entity1 aged 55 years and over living in the Ommoord district of @entity717 was assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Morning @entity2693 and @entity158 during the past month were assessed. At the research centre weightbearing radiographs of the hips and knees were taken. @entity571 was defined as Kellgren score 2 or more. A complete physical examination of the hips and knees was performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity717 was 21.9% for independently living @entity1 and 36.0% for independently living @entity1 . In homes for the elderly these figures were 84.0% en 96.5%, respectively. There were significantly elevated age-adjusted odds ratios for @entity717 for @entity1 , @entity1 in homes for the elderly, independently living @entity1 with only primary education, independently living @entity1 with a below-median net annual income and widowed @entity1 in homes for the elderly. Taking the associations between the independent variables into account only morning @entity2693 , @entity158 and restricted flexion of the hips and knees were independently associated with @entity717 in @entity1 . In @entity1 radiological @entity571 of the hips and knees, restricted endorotation of the hip, instability and @entity85 of the knees were also associated with disability. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity717 in @entity1 aged 55 years and over in the general population was high and associated with female sex, low education, low income and living in a home for the elderly. Of the signs and symptoms of the hips and knees only @entity158 , morning @entity2693 and restricted flexion of the hip were independently associated with @entity717 . @entity571 of the hip and knee did not contribute much to the explanation of @entity717 .

title: [ XXXX in the elderly; the ERGO Study (Erasmus Rotterdam Health and the Elderly). ERGO Study Group].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Radiological osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the hips and knees']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor disability', 'Rotterdam, locomotor disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['valgus deformity']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Locomotor disability']


abstract: A case of recurrent @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) was reported. A 46-year-old male underwent total removal of mural nodule from @entity5 in the left temporal lobe in 1986. Histological diagnosis was @entity816 . There were no abnormal neurological signs or symptoms after the operation. However, 6 years after the operation he complained of strong unpleasant smell as of rotten onions and was admitted to our hospital. MRI revealed a @entity5 with a mural nodule which was enhanced markedly by @entity7241 in the same location as previous @entity5 site. He was operated upon again and @entity5 was removed with the cyst wall. Histological diagnosis was @entity1893 . Surgical procedures for removal of cystic @entity1893 has been controversial; @entity5 only, @entity5 removal with biopsy of cyst wall, or @entity5 removal with resection of cyst wall. Real reason for recurrence of this @entity5 in our case is unknown. However, since @entity816 cells were found in the biopsy specimen of the cyst wall at time of the first operation, the @entity5 might have recurred from these cells. Therefore, this time we removed not only the mural nodule but also the cyst wall, because the cyst wall peeled off easily. We would like to propose that @entity1893 cyst walls should be resected, whenever possible, in order to accomplish total @entity5 .

title: [Recurrence of XXXX six years after total removal of mural nodule: a case report].

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['PXA', 'pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic tumor', 'tumor', 'removal of tumor']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma']