abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity195 and other types of @entity303 are characterised by numerous @entity146 and behavioural changes. Little is known of their natural history. AIMS: To investigate the sequence and pattern of these changes throughout the course of @entity303 . METHOD: One hundred @entity1 , initially living at home with carers, entered a prospective, longitudinal study. At four-monthly intervals, behavioural and @entity146 symptoms were assessed using the Present Behavioural Examination and Mini-Mental State Examination. Follow-up continued for up to nine years (mean 3.3 years; s.d. 2.4). Patterns of onset and disappearance of these symptoms, their sequence and association with time of @entity204 and @entity73 were analysed. Autopsy confirmed a diagnosis of pure @entity195 in 48 subjects. Data for this subgroup are presented. RESULTS: Some changes tend to occur earlier than others but changes can occur at almost any time in the course of @entity303 . CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of behaviour changes in @entity195 shows great individual variation although some changes tend to follow a recognisable sequence.

title: Natural history of behavioural changes and XXXX symptoms in @entity195 . A longitudinal study.

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity881 is a common complication of acute circulatory and @entity1576 . We hypothesized that therapeutic interventions used routinely in intensive care can interfere with the perfusion of the gut and the liver, and thereby increase the risk of mismatch between @entity26 supply and demand. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Interdisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital. @entity1 : Thirty-six @entity1 on mechanical ventilation with acute respiratory or @entity1457 or severe @entity281 were included. INTERVENTIONS: Insertion of a hepatic venous catheter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Daily nursing procedures were recorded. A decrease of >or=5% in hepatic venous @entity26 saturation (Sho2) was considered relevant. Observation time was 64 (29-104) hours (median [interquartile range]). The ICU stay was 11 (8-15) days, and hospital mortality was 35%. The number of periods with procedures/ @entity1 was 170 (98-268), the number of procedure-related decreases in Sho2 was 29 (13-41), and the number of decreases in Sho2 unrelated to procedures was 9 (4-19). Accordingly, procedure-related Sho2 decreases occurred 11 (7-17) times per day. Median Sho2 decrease during the procedures was 7 (5-10)%, and median increase in the gradient between mixed and hepatic venous @entity26 saturation was 6 (4-9)%. Procedures that caused most Sho2 decreases were airway suctioning, assessment of level of sedation, and changing @entity1 ' position. Sho2 decreases were associated with small but significant increases in heart rate and intravascular pressures. Maximal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in the ICU correlated with the number of Sho2 decreases (r: .56; p < 0.001) and with the number of procedure-related Sho2 decreases (r: .60; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 are exposed to repeated episodes of @entity73 during routine nursing procedures. More research is needed to examine the correlation, if any, between nursing procedures and @entity99 .

title: Increased splanchnic XXXX extraction because of routine nursing procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired splanchnic perfusion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic venous desaturation']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to determine specific differences in @entity130 related symptoms in a group of subjects who were survivors of torture and displacement compared with a group of subjects who survived displacement as a consequence of state sponsored violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. SUBJECTS: The subjects were divided in two groups of 50 adult survivors; one group comprising of 50 survivors of displacement and torture, the other group of 50 survivors of displacement who did not experience torture. The age range of the subjects was between 20 and 60. The groups were homogenous according to all other criteria. The exclusion criteria were prior @entity146 history and the experience of a loss of secondary family (spouse or @entity1 ). METHODS: All subjects were assessed using the standardized multidimensional instrument for symptom assessment, SCL 90-R (L.R.Derogatis, 1986). Mississippi Questionnaire, (Keane et al. 1988), was used for assessment of symptoms of @entity1005 . Sociodemographic questionnaire designed by the authors was used for registering of the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects. RESULTS: The results of our study show a statistically significant difference in @entity130 related symptoms between a group of subjects who were refugees with the experience of torture and a group of subjects who were refugees only. The symptoms of @entity1005 are increased in survivors of torture to a degree that is statistically significant compared with the presence of @entity1005 symptoms in a group of refugees. @entity148 , @entity308 , @entity2531 , @entity3119 , phobic symptoms, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid and @entity716 are present to a statistically higher degree in a group of refugees survivors of torture than in the group of refugees. There is also a statistically significant difference between the groups in socio-economic status in the period after the war. Refugees survivors of torture have significantly worse socio-economic situation, probably due to impairment in social functioning in these subjects.

title: Specific differences in XXXX related symptoms between the refugees survivors of torture and refugees of war.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive symptoms']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We describe a @entity1 who had precancerous @entity1049 and a positive family history of multiple occurrences of early-onset @entity14 in her first-degree and second-degree relatives consistent with @entity14 . @entity14 diagnosis had not been made before her diagnosis of @entity189 with liver @entity3 . She died at age 20, leading to litigation. Controversies about standards of care, their malpractice implications, and pertinent legal issues are discussed. METHODS: Review of the medical and family history was made by the expert witness ( @entity3798 ) with appropriate documentation of the chronology of symptoms, as derived from depositions. These documents revealed that the @entity1 's mother had repeatedly discussed with the caregivers her concern about the family history of @entity694 and the need for appropriate surveillance. RESULTS: The @entity1 's @entity1049 progressed for a period of three years. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed by a nonphysician. The physician who ordered the procedure considered this appropriate because isolated @entity1127 were reported in the @entity1 's father and paternal uncle, which apparently led him to believe that the diagnosis was @entity1412 . During litigation procedures, a pedigree was constructed and found to be consistent with @entity14 . The case was settled in favor of the plaintiff before trial. CONCLUSION: It is essential to understand the natural history of @entity14 , inclusive of the need for surveillance colonoscopy in @entity1 at increased risk by virtue of their position in their family pedigree.

title: Failure to diagnose hereditary XXXX and its medicolegal implications: a @entity14 case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cecum']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic symptoms']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We describe a @entity1 who had precancerous @entity1049 and a positive family history of multiple occurrences of early-onset @entity14 in her first-degree and second-degree relatives consistent with @entity14 . @entity14 diagnosis had not been made before her diagnosis of @entity189 with liver @entity3 . She died at age 20, leading to litigation. Controversies about standards of care, their malpractice implications, and pertinent legal issues are discussed. METHODS: Review of the medical and family history was made by the expert witness ( @entity3798 ) with appropriate documentation of the chronology of symptoms, as derived from depositions. These documents revealed that the @entity1 's mother had repeatedly discussed with the caregivers her concern about the family history of @entity694 and the need for appropriate surveillance. RESULTS: The @entity1 's @entity1049 progressed for a period of three years. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed by a nonphysician. The physician who ordered the procedure considered this appropriate because isolated @entity1127 were reported in the @entity1 's father and paternal uncle, which apparently led him to believe that the diagnosis was @entity1412 . During litigation procedures, a pedigree was constructed and found to be consistent with @entity14 . The case was settled in favor of the plaintiff before trial. CONCLUSION: It is essential to understand the natural history of @entity14 , inclusive of the need for surveillance colonoscopy in @entity1 at increased risk by virtue of their position in their family pedigree.

title: Failure to diagnose hereditary @entity14 and its medicolegal implications: a XXXX case.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1725 is a rare disease characterized by mucinous @entity843 and associated with ruptured mucocele, @entity9296 , and low-grade @entity189 arising from the appendix, ovaries, or colon. Metastases and extraperitoneal involvement are extremely rare events. METHOD: This is a case report of a @entity1 with @entity1725 with @entity456 . RESULTS: A 38-year-old male @entity1 with a @entity1725 from appendiceal origin underwent an extensive cytoreduction procedure. During the operation @entity456 was noted. This was later confirmed by thoracoscopy. An expectant policy was followed until the @entity1 became symptomatic with progressive disease in the abdomen and both @entity1143 . With systemic chemotherapy ( @entity1487 and @entity4181 ), a good clinical response was obtained, and the @entity1 was alive with stable disease 2.5 years after the first diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Involvement of the @entity1143 by @entity1725 is rare and carries an unfavorable prognosis. Whenever possible, the same guidelines as for intra-abdominal disease should be followed: extensive cytoreductive procedures with local and/or systemic chemotherapy. In our @entity1 we hope to achieve a prolonged palliation with systemic chemotherapy.

title: XXXX in the @entity1143 : report of a case.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity', 'pleural cavities']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei', 'Pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural involvement']

answer: @entity1725 :: (MESH:D011553,Disease) :: ['Pseudomyxoma peritonei']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1725 is a rare disease characterized by mucinous @entity843 and associated with ruptured mucocele, @entity9296 , and low-grade @entity189 arising from the appendix, ovaries, or colon. Metastases and extraperitoneal involvement are extremely rare events. METHOD: This is a case report of a @entity1 with @entity1725 with @entity456 . RESULTS: A 38-year-old male @entity1 with a @entity1725 from appendiceal origin underwent an extensive cytoreduction procedure. During the operation @entity456 was noted. This was later confirmed by thoracoscopy. An expectant policy was followed until the @entity1 became symptomatic with progressive disease in the abdomen and both @entity1143 . With systemic chemotherapy ( @entity1487 and @entity4181 ), a good clinical response was obtained, and the @entity1 was alive with stable disease 2.5 years after the first diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Involvement of the @entity1143 by @entity1725 is rare and carries an unfavorable prognosis. Whenever possible, the same guidelines as for intra-abdominal disease should be followed: extensive cytoreductive procedures with local and/or systemic chemotherapy. In our @entity1 we hope to achieve a prolonged palliation with systemic chemotherapy.

title: @entity1725 in the XXXX : report of a case.

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural cavity']


abstract: Despite reports that i.v. melphalan is active in the settings of conditioning regimens utilizing high-dose chemotherapy for autologous bone marrow transplantation and in isolated limb perfusion for the treatment of @entity320 , its activity at conventional doses has never been defined in this disease. We conducted a phase II study of conventional-dose i.v. @entity3601 (30 mg/m2) in 17 @entity1 with @entity320 . All @entity1 were previously untreated with chemotherapy with performance status 0, 1 or 2. Forty-seven cycles were given with a median of two cycles. One @entity1 was not evaluable due to @entity204 . There were no responses in the 16 @entity1 , resulting in a 0% response rate (95% confidence interval = 0-17%). We conclude that conventional-dose melphalan by i.v. administration has no appreciable activity in @entity1 with metastatic @entity320 .

title: Conventional dose melphalan is inactive in XXXX : results of an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study (E1687).

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: This study was undertaken to assess cell proliferation in FNAs from a series of 57 @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and 11 cases of reactive @entity3298 using Ki-67 staining and flow cytometry (FCM). The results were compared and correlated to the cytomorphological subgrouping according to Kiel classification. The mean percentages of Ki-67 positivity were 16.6% and 61.1% for low and high @entity706 , respectively (P < 0.001). The mean S-phase fraction (SPF) determined by FCM was 4.61% for low grade and 12.9% for high @entity706 (P < 0.001). The figures for Ki-67 positivity and S-phase fraction in reactive @entity3298 were 16.8% and 40%, respectively. We observed a strong correlation in low @entity706 between Ki-67 and SPF. A good correlation was also found in reactive @entity3298 . In high @entity706 , however, with highly scattered Ki-67 and S-phase values, this correlation was lost. In some cases this discrepancy can be explained by a rich admixture of non-neoplastic, non-proliferating cells in aspirates from @entity5 . In addition, the existence of a minor @entity5 cell population of high proliferation such as that in @entity2108 will not be accurately analysed by FCM but is easily assessed by Ki-67 staining. However, the main reason seems to be a high variability between the fraction of cells in S-phase and the total number of cells in G1, S and G2 in individual @entity5 .

title: Assessment of cell proliferation by Ki-67 staining and flow cytometry in fine needle aspirates (FNAs) of reactive XXXX and @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['grade lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['diploid tumours', 'aneuploid tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['Ki-1 lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity3298 :: (MESH:D008199,Disease) :: ['lymphadenitis']


abstract: This study was undertaken to assess cell proliferation in FNAs from a series of 57 @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and 11 cases of reactive @entity3298 using Ki-67 staining and flow cytometry (FCM). The results were compared and correlated to the cytomorphological subgrouping according to Kiel classification. The mean percentages of Ki-67 positivity were 16.6% and 61.1% for low and high @entity706 , respectively (P < 0.001). The mean S-phase fraction (SPF) determined by FCM was 4.61% for low grade and 12.9% for high @entity706 (P < 0.001). The figures for Ki-67 positivity and S-phase fraction in reactive @entity3298 were 16.8% and 40%, respectively. We observed a strong correlation in low @entity706 between Ki-67 and SPF. A good correlation was also found in reactive @entity3298 . In high @entity706 , however, with highly scattered Ki-67 and S-phase values, this correlation was lost. In some cases this discrepancy can be explained by a rich admixture of non-neoplastic, non-proliferating cells in aspirates from @entity5 . In addition, the existence of a minor @entity5 cell population of high proliferation such as that in @entity2108 will not be accurately analysed by FCM but is easily assessed by Ki-67 staining. However, the main reason seems to be a high variability between the fraction of cells in S-phase and the total number of cells in G1, S and G2 in individual @entity5 .

title: Assessment of cell proliferation by Ki-67 staining and flow cytometry in fine needle aspirates (FNAs) of reactive @entity3298 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify pre-treatment predictors of who will benefit from a 3-4-week comprehensive rehabilitation intervention in @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee or hip. METHODS: A prospective cohort study with assessments at admission to the clinic and after 6 months was conducted. Two hundred and fifty @entity1 from the rehabilitation clinic Rehaclinic Zurzach, Switzerland, were included. Three different measures of response to a 3-4-week comprehensive rehabilitation intervention were used: one indirect measure ( @entity922 ( @entity922 ) in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) global score=18% improvement), one direct measure (transition question) and a combination of both criteria. Responders were predicted by a sequential logistic regression analysis with nine personal variables, five lifestyle risk factors, seven psychological status variables and the WOMAC global baseline score. RESULTS: The set of statistically significant predictors was dependent on the definition of response. The comparison of predictors that were statistically significant in any of the prediction models showed similar odds ratios (ORs) for the majority of predictors across three regression models with the @entity6372 as dependent variable. Female gender, absence of @entity308 ( @entity308 ), history of complementary medicine (cm) and low comorbidity (com) were the most stable predictors and had ORs above 2.0 (female) and above 1.5 ( @entity308 , cm, com) across the three regression models with @entity6372 . CONCLUSION: A set of predictors for the outcome of rehabilitation in @entity1 with @entity571 was identified. If these predictors could be confirmed in future research, this knowledge might help to adopt and individualize the treatment of @entity1 who are, at present, less likely to respond.

title: Predictors for response to rehabilitation in XXXX with hip or knee osteoarthritis: a comparison of logistic regression models with three different definitions of responder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'dep']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['different response definitions']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimal clinically important difference', 'MCID']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Vitiligo is an acquired loss of pigmentation and its treatment remains very difficult up to date. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and topical immunomodulators are included among the most innovative @entity1694 . We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of NB-UVB, topical @entity14429 and @entity1140 in the treatment of @entity1694 . Adult @entity1 with chronic and stable @entity1694 refractory to conventional therapies were enrolled in an open parallel groups study. The @entity1 were scheduled on the basis of a computer-generated randomization into three groups: 13 @entity1 received NB-UVB phototherapy 3 times a week, 15 @entity1 were treated with @entity14429 1% cream b.i.d. and 16 @entity1 applied @entity1140 0.1% ointment b.i.d. All three treatment regimens were performed for 24 weeks. At baseline and every three weeks for the whole period of therapy the @entity1 were examined through digital photographs and, at the end of the study, based on the percentage of repigmentation, treatment outcome was classified as "absent" (0), "slight" (< 25%), mild (25-49%), "moderate" (50-74%), and "excellent" (> 75%). During the whole period of the study, possible side effects were recorded. The response to treatments varied according to the anatomical location of the lesions. No statistically significant differences in repigmentation for any anatomical site were recorded with the three treatments. The best results were obtained for lesions of the face with @entity14429 cream and @entity1140 ointment and of the neck with NB-UVB. Statistically significant differences in repigmentation between photo-exposed and covered skin areas were recorded although the @entity1 were asked to avoid direct UV exposition and to apply a very high protection sun screen on @entity75 . All three treatments should be considered as a good option in the treatment of @entity1694 . NB-UVB irradiation may represent the optimal choice in generalized @entity1694 with topical immunomodulators in localized @entity1694 .

title: An open randomized study to compare narrow band UVB, topical XXXX and topical @entity1140 in the treatment of @entity1694 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vitiligo lesions']

entities_list: @entity1694 :: ('MESH:D014820', 'Disease') :: ['vitiligo', 'approaches to vitiligo']

entities_list: @entity14429 :: ('MESH:C117268', 'Chemical') :: ['pimecrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity14429 :: (MESH:C117268,Chemical) :: ['pimecrolimus']


abstract: Vitiligo is an acquired loss of pigmentation and its treatment remains very difficult up to date. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and topical immunomodulators are included among the most innovative @entity1694 . We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of NB-UVB, topical @entity14429 and @entity1140 in the treatment of @entity1694 . Adult @entity1 with chronic and stable @entity1694 refractory to conventional therapies were enrolled in an open parallel groups study. The @entity1 were scheduled on the basis of a computer-generated randomization into three groups: 13 @entity1 received NB-UVB phototherapy 3 times a week, 15 @entity1 were treated with @entity14429 1% cream b.i.d. and 16 @entity1 applied @entity1140 0.1% ointment b.i.d. All three treatment regimens were performed for 24 weeks. At baseline and every three weeks for the whole period of therapy the @entity1 were examined through digital photographs and, at the end of the study, based on the percentage of repigmentation, treatment outcome was classified as "absent" (0), "slight" (< 25%), mild (25-49%), "moderate" (50-74%), and "excellent" (> 75%). During the whole period of the study, possible side effects were recorded. The response to treatments varied according to the anatomical location of the lesions. No statistically significant differences in repigmentation for any anatomical site were recorded with the three treatments. The best results were obtained for lesions of the face with @entity14429 cream and @entity1140 ointment and of the neck with NB-UVB. Statistically significant differences in repigmentation between photo-exposed and covered skin areas were recorded although the @entity1 were asked to avoid direct UV exposition and to apply a very high protection sun screen on @entity75 . All three treatments should be considered as a good option in the treatment of @entity1694 . NB-UVB irradiation may represent the optimal choice in generalized @entity1694 with topical immunomodulators in localized @entity1694 .

title: An open randomized study to compare narrow band UVB, topical @entity14429 and topical @entity1140 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['vitiligo']


abstract: Vitiligo is an acquired loss of pigmentation and its treatment remains very difficult up to date. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and topical immunomodulators are included among the most innovative @entity1694 . We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of NB-UVB, topical @entity14429 and @entity1140 in the treatment of @entity1694 . Adult @entity1 with chronic and stable @entity1694 refractory to conventional therapies were enrolled in an open parallel groups study. The @entity1 were scheduled on the basis of a computer-generated randomization into three groups: 13 @entity1 received NB-UVB phototherapy 3 times a week, 15 @entity1 were treated with @entity14429 1% cream b.i.d. and 16 @entity1 applied @entity1140 0.1% ointment b.i.d. All three treatment regimens were performed for 24 weeks. At baseline and every three weeks for the whole period of therapy the @entity1 were examined through digital photographs and, at the end of the study, based on the percentage of repigmentation, treatment outcome was classified as "absent" (0), "slight" (< 25%), mild (25-49%), "moderate" (50-74%), and "excellent" (> 75%). During the whole period of the study, possible side effects were recorded. The response to treatments varied according to the anatomical location of the lesions. No statistically significant differences in repigmentation for any anatomical site were recorded with the three treatments. The best results were obtained for lesions of the face with @entity14429 cream and @entity1140 ointment and of the neck with NB-UVB. Statistically significant differences in repigmentation between photo-exposed and covered skin areas were recorded although the @entity1 were asked to avoid direct UV exposition and to apply a very high protection sun screen on @entity75 . All three treatments should be considered as a good option in the treatment of @entity1694 . NB-UVB irradiation may represent the optimal choice in generalized @entity1694 with topical immunomodulators in localized @entity1694 .

title: An open randomized study to compare narrow band UVB, topical @entity14429 and topical XXXX in the treatment of @entity1694 .

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Antibodies to infliximab reduce serum infliximab with loss of clinical benefit, but undetectable trough serum concentrations of infliximab may occur without antibody formation. The relationship between trough serum infliximab and clinical outcomes was evaluated in @entity31 . METHODS: In a cohort of 115 @entity1 with @entity31 treated with three-dose induction followed by scheduled maintenance infliximab, rates of clinical remission, colectomy, antibodies to infliximab and trough serum infliximab were determined. RESULTS: Rates of remission were 32% at week 10 and 37% at week 54. Colectomy occurred in 40% of @entity1 , at a median of 5.3 (IQR 1.9-12.1) months. Detectable trough serum infliximab was present in 39% of @entity1 and, among @entity1 with undetectable infliximab, 41% were antibody positive and 20% were antibody negative. For antibody-positive and antibody-negative @entity1 , rates of remission (18% vs 14%), endoscopic improvement (25% vs 35%) and colectomy (52% vs 59%) were not different. A detectable serum infliximab was associated with higher rates of remission (69% vs 15%; p<0.001) and endoscopic improvement (76% vs 28%, p<0.001). An undetectable serum infliximab predicted an increased risk for colectomy (55% vs 7%, OR 9.3; 95% CI 2.9 to 29.9; p<0.001). Concurrent immunosuppression was not associated with clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity31 treated with infliximab, a detectable trough serum infliximab predicts clinical remission, endoscopic improvement and a lower risk for colectomy. An undetectable trough serum infliximab, irrespective of antibody status, is associated with less favourable outcomes.

title: Trough serum infliximab: a predictive factor of clinical outcome for infliximab treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'acute ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['acute ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic surveillance of @entity1960 uses random biopsies to find @entity6349 fields. Enhanced endoscopic methods are more sensitive for @entity1141 detection, but their specificity for @entity14 risk is unknown. AIMS: To develop a mathematical model of the sensitivity of random biopsy surveillance, and determine the implications of negative, a single positive, or multiple positive biopsies for @entity1141 , and compare the detection threshold to that detectable by enhanced endoscopy. METHODS: Using mathematical modelling, we calculated the confidence level with which @entity1141 can be excluded, the @entity6349 field size detection threshold, the predicted area of a @entity6349 field, and the number of biopsies needed for a given @entity1141 detection threshold and confidence level. RESULTS: 32 random biopsies provide only 80% confidence that @entity1141 involving > or =5% of the colon can be detected. When a single biopsy of 18 is @entity6349 , this predicts a @entity6349 area (89 cm(2)) several orders of magnitude greater than @entity6349 fields that are readily detectable by enhanced endoscopy (1 cm diameter), and the predicted field size increases rapidly with multiple positive biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Random biopsy surveillance is sufficiently sensitive to detect large @entity6349 fields with significant @entity14 risk. Enhanced endoscopy can detect much smaller @entity6349 fields, but these have unknown (perhaps much lower) @entity14 risk. Small @entity6349 fields should not be assumed to indicate a high @entity14 risk that warrants colectomy. Prospective studies are needed to define the @entity14 risk and optimal management of small @entity75 .

title: Modelling XXXX detection in ulcerative colitis: clinical implications of surveillance intensity.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['chronic colitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the outcome of treatment in @entity1 with @entity43 and to define the risk factors for recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity1 with @entity43 were reviewed retrospectively. Survival time and survival rate were obtained. Risk factors such as stage, histological type, and type of operation were evaluated for reccurrence. RESULTS: Twenty-three (56%) had @entity5000 , eight (19.5%) had mixed @entity2971 , three (7.3%) had @entity2970 , three (7.3%) had @entity44 teratomas, two (4.8%) had @entity957 arising from a mature @entity44 , one (2.4%) had @entity189 and one @entity1466 . Most of the cases (73%) were in Stage I. Twenty-nine @entity1 (70.7%) underwent conservative surgery and 12 @entity1 (29.3%) had at least bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Thirty @entity1 were operated on optimally with surgical staging and 11 suboptimally. Seven @entity1 (17%) had recurrence after remission. The overall survival time was 187 +/- 8.43 months for all cases, 195 +/- 8.49 for @entity5000 and 161 +/- 10.96 for non- @entity5000 cases with a median follow-up time of 98.52 (8-204) months. Non- @entity5000 histologic type, being operated on suboptimally and radically, and advanced @entity5 stage have been found to be risk factors for recurrence. CONCLUSION: Regardless of histologic types and stages the prognosis of @entity2971 are satisfactory with current therapeutic strategies.

title: XXXX of the ovary: a review of 41 cases and risk factors for recurrence.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ovarian germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'immature']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['yolk sac tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma', 'dysgerminomas']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['Malignant germ cell tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Information on @entity583 incidence and mortality is essential for determining the efficacy of the health system's @entity65 prevention activities; however, in Cuba, sufficient data related to @entity583 are lacking, particularly at the local level. OBJECTIVE: Describe @entity583 incidence, mortality and case fatality rates from January 2007 through December 2008 in @entity1 aged 45-74 in the municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara Province, Cuba. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. The World Health Organization MONItoring Trends and Determinants in @entity65 Project (MONICA) methodology was used, but only in part, since out-of-hospital case fatalities were not investigated, resulting in insufficient data for such cases. Cases of @entity583 covered under MONICA definition 1 were included ( @entity3329 , fatal possible, and unclassifiable @entity204 ). Hospitalized @entity1 were followed for 28 days. Incidence, mortality and case fatality rates in the population were calculated by age group (45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 years) and sex. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the direct method, with the world population as a reference. RESULTS: A total of 482 cases of @entity583 were registered. The percentage of cases of @entity3329 , fatal possible and fatal with insufficient data were 32%, 18.3%, 26.3% and 13.9% respectively. The cumulative age-standardized incidence per 100,000 population was 433 (95% CI 365-501) in @entity1 and 195 (95% CI 152-237) in @entity1 , while mortality per 100,000 population was 242 (95% CI 192-292) in @entity1 and 120 (95% CI 87-153) in @entity1 . Case fatality was 56.4% in @entity1 and 62.6% in @entity1 . Most fatal cases (65.6%) occurred out of hospital, a trend that was more marked in @entity1 (73.9%) than in @entity1 (51%). CONCLUSIONS: Case fatality from @entity583 in Santa Clara residents was high, especially in @entity1 . Two thirds of fatalities occurred out of hospital, a higher proportion of these @entity204 in @entity1 . It is recommended that the AMI registry be completed by investigating out-of-hospital case fatalities with insufficient data; expanding it to include the 35-44 age group; and that the supply of cardiac marker enzyme immunoassay test kits in Santa Clara be stabilized.

title: Acute XXXX incidence, mortality and case fatality in Santa Clara, Cuba, 2007-2008.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['non-fatal definite, fatal definite']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'CArdiovascular Disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an association occurred between the @entity23970 @entity63517 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) or @entity2419 only (CPO) in Chinese @entity1 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-controlled study at the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China. SUBJECTS: A total of 91 @entity1 with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) and 96 unrelated, healthy individuals with no family history of @entity3384 were genotyped. METHODS: The @entity23970 @entity63517 polymorphism was genotyped by restriction digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with BseLI. Chi-square statistics were used to make case-controlled comparisons. RESULTS: The frequency of the A allele was significantly increased and the frequency of the G allele was reduced in CPO @entity1 in comparison with control subjects. The 820GG genotype had a significantly lower frequency in @entity1 with CPO than in controls, with an odds ratio of 0.25 (95% confidence interval, -0.061 to 0.57). No difference in the distribution of genotypes was noted between @entity2419 @entity1 and the total group of @entity3384 @entity1 compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that the 820A allele is more frequent in the Chinese CPO population and may confer an increased risk for CPO in these individuals. The @entity63517 variant may be in linkage disequilibrium with other disorder-causing mutations. @entity2419 or CPO results should be analyzed separately and stratified in future studies.

title: Association analysis between the @entity23970 @entity63517 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity3384 and/or XXXX in a Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip', 'cleft lip and/or palate', 'CL/P']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft palate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an association occurred between the @entity23970 @entity63517 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) or @entity2419 only (CPO) in Chinese @entity1 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-controlled study at the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China. SUBJECTS: A total of 91 @entity1 with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) and 96 unrelated, healthy individuals with no family history of @entity3384 were genotyped. METHODS: The @entity23970 @entity63517 polymorphism was genotyped by restriction digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with BseLI. Chi-square statistics were used to make case-controlled comparisons. RESULTS: The frequency of the A allele was significantly increased and the frequency of the G allele was reduced in CPO @entity1 in comparison with control subjects. The 820GG genotype had a significantly lower frequency in @entity1 with CPO than in controls, with an odds ratio of 0.25 (95% confidence interval, -0.061 to 0.57). No difference in the distribution of genotypes was noted between @entity2419 @entity1 and the total group of @entity3384 @entity1 compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that the 820A allele is more frequent in the Chinese CPO population and may confer an increased risk for CPO in these individuals. The @entity63517 variant may be in linkage disequilibrium with other disorder-causing mutations. @entity2419 or CPO results should be analyzed separately and stratified in future studies.

title: Association analysis between the @entity23970 @entity63517 polymorphism and nonsyndromic XXXX and/or @entity2419 in a Chinese population.

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cleft lip']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an association occurred between the @entity23970 @entity63517 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) or @entity2419 only (CPO) in Chinese @entity1 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-controlled study at the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China. SUBJECTS: A total of 91 @entity1 with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) and 96 unrelated, healthy individuals with no family history of @entity3384 were genotyped. METHODS: The @entity23970 @entity63517 polymorphism was genotyped by restriction digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with BseLI. Chi-square statistics were used to make case-controlled comparisons. RESULTS: The frequency of the A allele was significantly increased and the frequency of the G allele was reduced in CPO @entity1 in comparison with control subjects. The 820GG genotype had a significantly lower frequency in @entity1 with CPO than in controls, with an odds ratio of 0.25 (95% confidence interval, -0.061 to 0.57). No difference in the distribution of genotypes was noted between @entity2419 @entity1 and the total group of @entity3384 @entity1 compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that the 820A allele is more frequent in the Chinese CPO population and may confer an increased risk for CPO in these individuals. The @entity63517 variant may be in linkage disequilibrium with other disorder-causing mutations. @entity2419 or CPO results should be analyzed separately and stratified in future studies.

title: Association analysis between the @entity23970 XXXX polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity3384 and/or @entity2419 in a Chinese population.

answer: @entity63517 :: (c|SUB|G|820|A,DNAMutation) :: ['G820A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an association occurred between the @entity23970 @entity63517 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) or @entity2419 only (CPO) in Chinese @entity1 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-controlled study at the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China. SUBJECTS: A total of 91 @entity1 with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) and 96 unrelated, healthy individuals with no family history of @entity3384 were genotyped. METHODS: The @entity23970 @entity63517 polymorphism was genotyped by restriction digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with BseLI. Chi-square statistics were used to make case-controlled comparisons. RESULTS: The frequency of the A allele was significantly increased and the frequency of the G allele was reduced in CPO @entity1 in comparison with control subjects. The 820GG genotype had a significantly lower frequency in @entity1 with CPO than in controls, with an odds ratio of 0.25 (95% confidence interval, -0.061 to 0.57). No difference in the distribution of genotypes was noted between @entity2419 @entity1 and the total group of @entity3384 @entity1 compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that the 820A allele is more frequent in the Chinese CPO population and may confer an increased risk for CPO in these individuals. The @entity63517 variant may be in linkage disequilibrium with other disorder-causing mutations. @entity2419 or CPO results should be analyzed separately and stratified in future studies.

title: Association analysis between the XXXX @entity63517 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity3384 and/or @entity2419 in a Chinese population.

answer: @entity23970 :: (3664,Gene) :: ['IRF6']


abstract: The reduction in the incidence of @entity0 in @entity1 treated with adjuvant @entity440 provided a model for prevention using endocrine agents. @entity2931 -receptor-positive @entity5 can be prevented with @entity440 , but side effects limit its clinical utility, and the risk-benefit ratio is not sufficiently high to routinely recommend @entity440 as a preventive agent. Agents being evaluated in prevention trials include @entity441 and the aromatase inhibitors; these are expected to be at least as effective as @entity440 and to have fewer side effects. Core needle biopsy (providing histological information) and high-resolution breast ultrasound enhance preoperative assessment of @entity0 . Mammography remains the only screening test shown to reduce @entity0 deaths in randomised trials. Magnetic resonance imaging may have a role in screening @entity1 with inherited mutations of the @entity0 genes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy accurately assesses lymph node status and is associated with less morbidity than axillary dissection. Where the biopsy is negative (no histologic evidence of @entity3 ), no further axillary treatment is necessary. Breast reconstruction after mastectomy can produce good cosmetic results, especially where autologous tissue is used. Myocutaneous flaps using latissimus dorsi or transverse rectus abdominus muscles are increasingly popular. Adjuvant trastuzumab therapy in @entity1 whose @entity5 overexpress @entity1722 (growth factor receptor) can reduce recurrence rates and improve survival. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (as an initial treatment before surgery) is an underutilised treatment in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity2931 -receptor-positive large operable or locally advanced @entity5 . It makes more @entity1 suitable for surgery and offers others the choice of breast conservation.

title: The prevention, detection, and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['Oestrogen', 'oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distraction osteogenesis creates a challenging bone-healing environment with protracted demand for cells of the osteoblast lineage. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is an osteoblast mitogen and chemotaxin that has been shown to accelerate and/or enhance bone-healing in several preclinical studies. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether recombinant @entity1 platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) would have a similar effect on regenerate healing after distraction osteogenesis. METHODS: Unilateral 7-mm mid-diaphyseal femoral lengthening procedures were performed in eighty-three male @entity35 that were separated into five experimental groups. During the distraction period (Days 7 to 28), each animal received a weekly 50-microL injection of either @entity13101 buffer, @entity291 collagen dissolved in @entity13101 buffer, or one of three concentrations of rhPDGF-BB (100, 300, or 1000 microg/mL) into the distraction site. Animals from each group were killed on Days 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63. Healing was assessed with biweekly serial radiographs, micro-computed tomography of the explanted bones, and histologic analysis. RESULTS: rhPDGF-BB treatment significantly increased new-bone formation at the midconsolidation time points (Days 42, 49, and 56) as well as the union rate. On Day 49 regenerate bone volume was significantly greater in each of the three rhPDGF-BB-treated groups than in the controls (p < 0.05, p = 0.0002, and p < 0.05 for the 100, 300, and 1000 microg/mL rhPDGF-BB groups, respectively), whereas on Day 42 regenerate bone volume was significantly greater in the 300 and 1000 microg/mL rhPDGF-BB groups than in the controls (p = 0.0002 and p < 0.05, respectively) and on Day 56 regenerate bone volume was significantly greater in the 100 and 300 microg/mL rhPDGF-BB groups than in the controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The overall union rate was 40.4% (nineteen of forty-seven) in the rhPDGF-BB-treated animals, compared with 4.5% (one of twenty-two) in the controls (p = 0.01). The radiographic and histologic results were consistent with new-bone formation as quantified by micro-computed tomography, although they were less definitive. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of exogenous rhPDGF-BB into the distraction site during diaphyseal distraction enhanced bone-healing in a @entity35 model of distraction osteogenesis as evidenced by both increased regenerate new-bone formation and a higher union rate.

title: Recombinant XXXX platelet-derived growth factor-BB augmentation of new-bone formation in a @entity35 model of distraction osteogenesis.

entities_list: @entity13101 :: ('MESH:D019346', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium acetate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distraction osteogenesis creates a challenging bone-healing environment with protracted demand for cells of the osteoblast lineage. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is an osteoblast mitogen and chemotaxin that has been shown to accelerate and/or enhance bone-healing in several preclinical studies. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether recombinant @entity1 platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) would have a similar effect on regenerate healing after distraction osteogenesis. METHODS: Unilateral 7-mm mid-diaphyseal femoral lengthening procedures were performed in eighty-three male @entity35 that were separated into five experimental groups. During the distraction period (Days 7 to 28), each animal received a weekly 50-microL injection of either @entity13101 buffer, @entity291 collagen dissolved in @entity13101 buffer, or one of three concentrations of rhPDGF-BB (100, 300, or 1000 microg/mL) into the distraction site. Animals from each group were killed on Days 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63. Healing was assessed with biweekly serial radiographs, micro-computed tomography of the explanted bones, and histologic analysis. RESULTS: rhPDGF-BB treatment significantly increased new-bone formation at the midconsolidation time points (Days 42, 49, and 56) as well as the union rate. On Day 49 regenerate bone volume was significantly greater in each of the three rhPDGF-BB-treated groups than in the controls (p < 0.05, p = 0.0002, and p < 0.05 for the 100, 300, and 1000 microg/mL rhPDGF-BB groups, respectively), whereas on Day 42 regenerate bone volume was significantly greater in the 300 and 1000 microg/mL rhPDGF-BB groups than in the controls (p = 0.0002 and p < 0.05, respectively) and on Day 56 regenerate bone volume was significantly greater in the 100 and 300 microg/mL rhPDGF-BB groups than in the controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The overall union rate was 40.4% (nineteen of forty-seven) in the rhPDGF-BB-treated animals, compared with 4.5% (one of twenty-two) in the controls (p = 0.01). The radiographic and histologic results were consistent with new-bone formation as quantified by micro-computed tomography, although they were less definitive. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of exogenous rhPDGF-BB into the distraction site during diaphyseal distraction enhanced bone-healing in a @entity35 model of distraction osteogenesis as evidenced by both increased regenerate new-bone formation and a higher union rate.

title: Recombinant @entity1 platelet-derived growth factor-BB augmentation of new-bone formation in a XXXX model of distraction osteogenesis.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Endocervical @entity420 are rare and aggressive @entity5 . Papillary serous endocervical @entity420 are the rarest form of endocervical @entity420 . This @entity5 exhibits morphologic similarities to its counterparts commonly seen in the endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and peritoneum, which are known to have an @entity146 . Because of the rarity of this @entity5 , little is known about its immunophenotyping. In this study, we included ten cases of @entity1377 arising from the uterine cervix (PSCC) diagnosed in the absence of a primary @entity1478 . We studied their immunohistochemical profile, using a panel of antibodies against Ki67, @entity588 , @entity876 , @entity787 ( @entity787 ), and @entity2282 , and compared them to 20 consecutive cases of cervical @entity420 of conventional cell subtypes (CAC) (15 mucinous, 3 adenosquamous, and 2 endometrioid). Immunostaining was recorded semiquantitatively. @entity1 with PSCC ranged in age from 27 to 79 years (mean = 51.6 +/- 19.1), while the conventional cell subtypes control group were 28-90 years old (mean = 47.5 +/- 16.9). Only @entity876 and @entity787 immunostaining significantly correlated with the PSCC morphology (P= 0.001 and P= 0.016, respectively) as shown by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Statistics (Modified Ridit Scores). PSCC is a distinctive immunophenotypic subtype of @entity420 with significantly higher @entity876 and lower @entity787 reactivity than other more common histologic subtypes.

title: Immunohistochemical characterization of endocervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial malignancy']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'endocervical adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']


abstract: Despite decades of research and the availability of effective analgesic approaches, many @entity1 continue to experience moderate to severe @entity158 after surgery. Greater research efforts are needed to identify the factors that impede effective @entity158 management. Despite the fact that a variety of research and clinical studies on all aspects of @entity158 have been conducted in many countries, the factors affecting @entity158 management have not been completely identified. AIM: To identify nurses' experiences and perceptions about the barriers to @entity282 management. METHODS: A qualitative approach was adopted using content analysis of semi-structured interviews carried out with 26 Iranian registered nurses from three large educational hospitals in Tehran city. The data were analysed using constant comparative method. FINDINGS: Ninety-three primary codes were achieved. Four main themes emerged from the data. From the @entity1 ' points of view, 'lack of educational preparation', 'nurses' limited authority', 'limited nurse- @entity1 relationship', and 'disturbances in @entity158 management interventions' are considered barriers to @entity158 management. CONCLUSION: The conclusion embraces implications for clinical practice to improve the knowledge of nurses and nursing manager and insight in @entity282 management. Clearly, programmes for change must address not only knowledge improvement, but also the wider complex influences on barriers to @entity158 management.

title: Nurses' experiences and perceptions of influencing barriers to XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: Modulation of inhibitory @entity2228 receptors by @entity219 ( @entity8862 ) and endogenous redox agents such as @entity2041 may alter inhibition in the @entity1 brain. Despite the abundance of @entity8862 in the hippocampus and its ability to modulate @entity2228 receptors, few studies have examined @entity8862 modulation of hippocampal @entity2228 receptors. Whether redox agents modulate hippocampal @entity2228 receptors also remains unknown. This study examined @entity8862 and redox modulation of @entity2228 receptor-mediated currents in cultured embryonic @entity19 hippocampal neurons using whole-cell recordings. @entity8862 concentrations below 10 microM potentiated currents elicited by low @entity2228 , @entity11057 , and @entity2226 concentrations by 300-400%. @entity8862 concentrations above 300 microM produced nearly complete inhibition. Potentiating @entity8862 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for the three agonists to the left and decreased the Hill coefficient for @entity2228 and @entity11057 but not @entity2226 . Inhibiting @entity8862 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for @entity2228 and @entity11057 to the right but reduced the maximum @entity2226 response. @entity3793 residues may participate in potentiation because @entity13201 and pH 5.4 diminished @entity8862 enhancement of @entity2228 currents. pH 5.4 diminished @entity8862 block of @entity2228 currents, but @entity13201 did not. These findings indicate that separate sites mediate @entity8862 potentiation and inhibition. The redox agents @entity2041 , @entity3902 , @entity48076 , and @entity8865 did not alter @entity2228 currents by a redox mechanism. However, @entity2041 and @entity3902 interfered with the effects of @entity8862 on @entity2228 currents by chelating it. @entity9880 had similar effects. Thus, @entity8862 and @entity1432 containing redox agents that chelate @entity8862 modulate hippocampal @entity2228 receptors with the mechanism of @entity8862 modulation being agonist dependent.

title: Modulation of inhibitory @entity2228 receptors in cultured embryonic @entity19 hippocampal neurons by XXXX , @entity1432 containing redox agents and @entity9880 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['Histidine']

entities_list: @entity8865 :: ('MESH:D004228', 'Chemical') :: ["5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)"]

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity11057 :: ('CHEBI:16958', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-alanine']

entities_list: @entity9880 :: ('MESH:D002336', 'Chemical') :: ['Carnosine']

entities_list: @entity13201 :: ('MESH:D004047', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl pyrocarbonate']

entities_list: @entity48076 :: ('MESH:C080938', 'Chemical') :: ['tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: Modulation of inhibitory @entity2228 receptors by @entity219 ( @entity8862 ) and endogenous redox agents such as @entity2041 may alter inhibition in the @entity1 brain. Despite the abundance of @entity8862 in the hippocampus and its ability to modulate @entity2228 receptors, few studies have examined @entity8862 modulation of hippocampal @entity2228 receptors. Whether redox agents modulate hippocampal @entity2228 receptors also remains unknown. This study examined @entity8862 and redox modulation of @entity2228 receptor-mediated currents in cultured embryonic @entity19 hippocampal neurons using whole-cell recordings. @entity8862 concentrations below 10 microM potentiated currents elicited by low @entity2228 , @entity11057 , and @entity2226 concentrations by 300-400%. @entity8862 concentrations above 300 microM produced nearly complete inhibition. Potentiating @entity8862 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for the three agonists to the left and decreased the Hill coefficient for @entity2228 and @entity11057 but not @entity2226 . Inhibiting @entity8862 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for @entity2228 and @entity11057 to the right but reduced the maximum @entity2226 response. @entity3793 residues may participate in potentiation because @entity13201 and pH 5.4 diminished @entity8862 enhancement of @entity2228 currents. pH 5.4 diminished @entity8862 block of @entity2228 currents, but @entity13201 did not. These findings indicate that separate sites mediate @entity8862 potentiation and inhibition. The redox agents @entity2041 , @entity3902 , @entity48076 , and @entity8865 did not alter @entity2228 currents by a redox mechanism. However, @entity2041 and @entity3902 interfered with the effects of @entity8862 on @entity2228 currents by chelating it. @entity9880 had similar effects. Thus, @entity8862 and @entity1432 containing redox agents that chelate @entity8862 modulate hippocampal @entity2228 receptors with the mechanism of @entity8862 modulation being agonist dependent.

title: Modulation of inhibitory @entity2228 receptors in cultured embryonic @entity19 hippocampal neurons by @entity219 , XXXX containing redox agents and @entity9880 .

answer: @entity1432 :: (CHEBI:29256,Chemical) :: ['thiol']


abstract: Modulation of inhibitory @entity2228 receptors by @entity219 ( @entity8862 ) and endogenous redox agents such as @entity2041 may alter inhibition in the @entity1 brain. Despite the abundance of @entity8862 in the hippocampus and its ability to modulate @entity2228 receptors, few studies have examined @entity8862 modulation of hippocampal @entity2228 receptors. Whether redox agents modulate hippocampal @entity2228 receptors also remains unknown. This study examined @entity8862 and redox modulation of @entity2228 receptor-mediated currents in cultured embryonic @entity19 hippocampal neurons using whole-cell recordings. @entity8862 concentrations below 10 microM potentiated currents elicited by low @entity2228 , @entity11057 , and @entity2226 concentrations by 300-400%. @entity8862 concentrations above 300 microM produced nearly complete inhibition. Potentiating @entity8862 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for the three agonists to the left and decreased the Hill coefficient for @entity2228 and @entity11057 but not @entity2226 . Inhibiting @entity8862 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for @entity2228 and @entity11057 to the right but reduced the maximum @entity2226 response. @entity3793 residues may participate in potentiation because @entity13201 and pH 5.4 diminished @entity8862 enhancement of @entity2228 currents. pH 5.4 diminished @entity8862 block of @entity2228 currents, but @entity13201 did not. These findings indicate that separate sites mediate @entity8862 potentiation and inhibition. The redox agents @entity2041 , @entity3902 , @entity48076 , and @entity8865 did not alter @entity2228 currents by a redox mechanism. However, @entity2041 and @entity3902 interfered with the effects of @entity8862 on @entity2228 currents by chelating it. @entity9880 had similar effects. Thus, @entity8862 and @entity1432 containing redox agents that chelate @entity8862 modulate hippocampal @entity2228 receptors with the mechanism of @entity8862 modulation being agonist dependent.

title: Modulation of inhibitory XXXX receptors in cultured embryonic @entity19 hippocampal neurons by @entity219 , @entity1432 containing redox agents and @entity9880 .

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: Modulation of inhibitory @entity2228 receptors by @entity219 ( @entity8862 ) and endogenous redox agents such as @entity2041 may alter inhibition in the @entity1 brain. Despite the abundance of @entity8862 in the hippocampus and its ability to modulate @entity2228 receptors, few studies have examined @entity8862 modulation of hippocampal @entity2228 receptors. Whether redox agents modulate hippocampal @entity2228 receptors also remains unknown. This study examined @entity8862 and redox modulation of @entity2228 receptor-mediated currents in cultured embryonic @entity19 hippocampal neurons using whole-cell recordings. @entity8862 concentrations below 10 microM potentiated currents elicited by low @entity2228 , @entity11057 , and @entity2226 concentrations by 300-400%. @entity8862 concentrations above 300 microM produced nearly complete inhibition. Potentiating @entity8862 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for the three agonists to the left and decreased the Hill coefficient for @entity2228 and @entity11057 but not @entity2226 . Inhibiting @entity8862 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for @entity2228 and @entity11057 to the right but reduced the maximum @entity2226 response. @entity3793 residues may participate in potentiation because @entity13201 and pH 5.4 diminished @entity8862 enhancement of @entity2228 currents. pH 5.4 diminished @entity8862 block of @entity2228 currents, but @entity13201 did not. These findings indicate that separate sites mediate @entity8862 potentiation and inhibition. The redox agents @entity2041 , @entity3902 , @entity48076 , and @entity8865 did not alter @entity2228 currents by a redox mechanism. However, @entity2041 and @entity3902 interfered with the effects of @entity8862 on @entity2228 currents by chelating it. @entity9880 had similar effects. Thus, @entity8862 and @entity1432 containing redox agents that chelate @entity8862 modulate hippocampal @entity2228 receptors with the mechanism of @entity8862 modulation being agonist dependent.

title: Modulation of inhibitory @entity2228 receptors in cultured embryonic XXXX hippocampal neurons by @entity219 , @entity1432 containing redox agents and @entity9880 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Modulation of inhibitory @entity2228 receptors by @entity219 ( @entity8862 ) and endogenous redox agents such as @entity2041 may alter inhibition in the @entity1 brain. Despite the abundance of @entity8862 in the hippocampus and its ability to modulate @entity2228 receptors, few studies have examined @entity8862 modulation of hippocampal @entity2228 receptors. Whether redox agents modulate hippocampal @entity2228 receptors also remains unknown. This study examined @entity8862 and redox modulation of @entity2228 receptor-mediated currents in cultured embryonic @entity19 hippocampal neurons using whole-cell recordings. @entity8862 concentrations below 10 microM potentiated currents elicited by low @entity2228 , @entity11057 , and @entity2226 concentrations by 300-400%. @entity8862 concentrations above 300 microM produced nearly complete inhibition. Potentiating @entity8862 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for the three agonists to the left and decreased the Hill coefficient for @entity2228 and @entity11057 but not @entity2226 . Inhibiting @entity8862 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for @entity2228 and @entity11057 to the right but reduced the maximum @entity2226 response. @entity3793 residues may participate in potentiation because @entity13201 and pH 5.4 diminished @entity8862 enhancement of @entity2228 currents. pH 5.4 diminished @entity8862 block of @entity2228 currents, but @entity13201 did not. These findings indicate that separate sites mediate @entity8862 potentiation and inhibition. The redox agents @entity2041 , @entity3902 , @entity48076 , and @entity8865 did not alter @entity2228 currents by a redox mechanism. However, @entity2041 and @entity3902 interfered with the effects of @entity8862 on @entity2228 currents by chelating it. @entity9880 had similar effects. Thus, @entity8862 and @entity1432 containing redox agents that chelate @entity8862 modulate hippocampal @entity2228 receptors with the mechanism of @entity8862 modulation being agonist dependent.

title: Modulation of inhibitory @entity2228 receptors in cultured embryonic @entity19 hippocampal neurons by @entity219 , @entity1432 containing redox agents and XXXX .

answer: @entity9880 :: (MESH:D002336,Chemical) :: ['carnosine']


abstract: @entity943 , @entity943 , and @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) are significant health problems and an economic burden to society. The renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) may play a key role in the occurrence of structural and electrical remodeling, potentially explaining the development of @entity943 . @entity2178 has been shown to regulate cardiac cell proliferation and to modulate cardiac myocyte ion channels. Results of post hoc analyses from prospective clinical trials appear to show that @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and @entity2178 receptor blockers (ARBs) are most effective in the prevention of new-onset @entity955 in @entity1 with @entity712 . It is difficult to determine if these agents are useful in the prevention of new-onset @entity955 after @entity583 , and available evidence suggests that the benefit of @entity1289 inhibitors and ARBs for prevention of new-onset @entity955 in @entity1 with @entity101 appears limited to those with @entity4346 . @entity1 with structural changes in cardiac muscle, such as those with @entity712 and @entity4346 , appear to benefit the most from RAAS blockade, possibly due to the theory of reversal of cardiac remodeling. There is no evidence, to our knowledge, that either @entity1289 inhibitors or ARBs facilitate direct electrical current cardioversion in @entity1 with @entity955 ; however, it appears that RAAS blockade may be useful in the prevention of recurrent @entity955 after direct electrical current cardioversion. Whether @entity1289 inhibitors may prevent life-threatening @entity943 or @entity1164 is unclear. @entity1369 antagonists appear to be useful for the prevention of @entity1164 in @entity1 with @entity1002 . Results from ongoing clinical trials are anticipated to provide further insight on the potential roles of RAAS inhibitors for the prevention of @entity943 .

title: Role of @entity1289 inhibitors, @entity2178 receptor blockers, and @entity1369 antagonists in the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldosterone', 'aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial arrhythmias', 'ventricular arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias', 'atrial and ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['atrial and ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity943 , @entity943 , and @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) are significant health problems and an economic burden to society. The renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) may play a key role in the occurrence of structural and electrical remodeling, potentially explaining the development of @entity943 . @entity2178 has been shown to regulate cardiac cell proliferation and to modulate cardiac myocyte ion channels. Results of post hoc analyses from prospective clinical trials appear to show that @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and @entity2178 receptor blockers (ARBs) are most effective in the prevention of new-onset @entity955 in @entity1 with @entity712 . It is difficult to determine if these agents are useful in the prevention of new-onset @entity955 after @entity583 , and available evidence suggests that the benefit of @entity1289 inhibitors and ARBs for prevention of new-onset @entity955 in @entity1 with @entity101 appears limited to those with @entity4346 . @entity1 with structural changes in cardiac muscle, such as those with @entity712 and @entity4346 , appear to benefit the most from RAAS blockade, possibly due to the theory of reversal of cardiac remodeling. There is no evidence, to our knowledge, that either @entity1289 inhibitors or ARBs facilitate direct electrical current cardioversion in @entity1 with @entity955 ; however, it appears that RAAS blockade may be useful in the prevention of recurrent @entity955 after direct electrical current cardioversion. Whether @entity1289 inhibitors may prevent life-threatening @entity943 or @entity1164 is unclear. @entity1369 antagonists appear to be useful for the prevention of @entity1164 in @entity1 with @entity1002 . Results from ongoing clinical trials are anticipated to provide further insight on the potential roles of RAAS inhibitors for the prevention of @entity943 .

title: Role of @entity1289 inhibitors, XXXX receptor blockers, and @entity1369 antagonists in the prevention of @entity943 .

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: @entity943 , @entity943 , and @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) are significant health problems and an economic burden to society. The renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) may play a key role in the occurrence of structural and electrical remodeling, potentially explaining the development of @entity943 . @entity2178 has been shown to regulate cardiac cell proliferation and to modulate cardiac myocyte ion channels. Results of post hoc analyses from prospective clinical trials appear to show that @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and @entity2178 receptor blockers (ARBs) are most effective in the prevention of new-onset @entity955 in @entity1 with @entity712 . It is difficult to determine if these agents are useful in the prevention of new-onset @entity955 after @entity583 , and available evidence suggests that the benefit of @entity1289 inhibitors and ARBs for prevention of new-onset @entity955 in @entity1 with @entity101 appears limited to those with @entity4346 . @entity1 with structural changes in cardiac muscle, such as those with @entity712 and @entity4346 , appear to benefit the most from RAAS blockade, possibly due to the theory of reversal of cardiac remodeling. There is no evidence, to our knowledge, that either @entity1289 inhibitors or ARBs facilitate direct electrical current cardioversion in @entity1 with @entity955 ; however, it appears that RAAS blockade may be useful in the prevention of recurrent @entity955 after direct electrical current cardioversion. Whether @entity1289 inhibitors may prevent life-threatening @entity943 or @entity1164 is unclear. @entity1369 antagonists appear to be useful for the prevention of @entity1164 in @entity1 with @entity1002 . Results from ongoing clinical trials are anticipated to provide further insight on the potential roles of RAAS inhibitors for the prevention of @entity943 .

title: Role of XXXX inhibitors, @entity2178 receptor blockers, and @entity1369 antagonists in the prevention of @entity943 .

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: @entity943 , @entity943 , and @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) are significant health problems and an economic burden to society. The renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system (RAAS) may play a key role in the occurrence of structural and electrical remodeling, potentially explaining the development of @entity943 . @entity2178 has been shown to regulate cardiac cell proliferation and to modulate cardiac myocyte ion channels. Results of post hoc analyses from prospective clinical trials appear to show that @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and @entity2178 receptor blockers (ARBs) are most effective in the prevention of new-onset @entity955 in @entity1 with @entity712 . It is difficult to determine if these agents are useful in the prevention of new-onset @entity955 after @entity583 , and available evidence suggests that the benefit of @entity1289 inhibitors and ARBs for prevention of new-onset @entity955 in @entity1 with @entity101 appears limited to those with @entity4346 . @entity1 with structural changes in cardiac muscle, such as those with @entity712 and @entity4346 , appear to benefit the most from RAAS blockade, possibly due to the theory of reversal of cardiac remodeling. There is no evidence, to our knowledge, that either @entity1289 inhibitors or ARBs facilitate direct electrical current cardioversion in @entity1 with @entity955 ; however, it appears that RAAS blockade may be useful in the prevention of recurrent @entity955 after direct electrical current cardioversion. Whether @entity1289 inhibitors may prevent life-threatening @entity943 or @entity1164 is unclear. @entity1369 antagonists appear to be useful for the prevention of @entity1164 in @entity1 with @entity1002 . Results from ongoing clinical trials are anticipated to provide further insight on the potential roles of RAAS inhibitors for the prevention of @entity943 .

title: Role of @entity1289 inhibitors, @entity2178 receptor blockers, and XXXX antagonists in the prevention of @entity943 .

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: Ninety-two @entity1 with malignant @entity11 diagnosed from 1977 to 1983 received split course external beam radiotherapy. The initial course of radiation consisted of 3000 cGy whole brain in ten fractions 5 days a week. After a 2-week rest, treatment was continued to a portal restricted to the computerized tomography scan demonstrated abnormality plus a margin for an additional 2100 cGy (total 5100 cGy/17 fx/36 days). The optic chiasm and hypothalamus were excluded from the high dose region. Following review of all pathologic specimens, three @entity1 with @entity11 , three lacking histologic confirmation, two unbiopsied and eleven not receiving the prescribed treatment were excluded from the survival analysis. No @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Surviving @entity1 were followed 85 months (median); range 68-125 months. All remaining @entity1 were followed until @entity204 . The median actuarial survival for 73 grade III and IV @entity1 was 12.5 months. The 5-year actuarial survival was 10%. The median survival for 54 grade IV @entity1 was 10 months. The 5-year survival was 4%. For 19 grade III @entity1 the median survival was 22.5 months. The 5-year survival was 26%. There was one long-term grade IV survivor (68 mos.) and four long-term grade III survivors (76, 85, 108, 125 mos). No @entity1 developed @entity18489 . One @entity1 , an 85 months survivor, had biopsy documented radionecrosis and @entity1269 . The incidence of @entity39 among 62 @entity1 alive 6 months or more (and therefore at risk of @entity39 ) is 1/62 (2%). The incidence among survivors is 1/5. The nominal standard dose for this regimen is 1749 ret. The predictive value of the "nominal standard dose" and "equivalent dose" formulae for @entity39 is explored. We conclude (a) that this regimen provides a survival probability equivalent to conventional treatment for grade III and IV @entity11 , (b) that neither the equivalent nor nominal standard doses predicted the incidence of @entity39 , (c) that the time dose schedule is well tolerated and has an acceptable risk-benefit ratio, (d) that its advantage to the @entity1 is decreased time requirement and cost.

title: Treatment of supratentorial high grade XXXX with split course high fractional dose postoperative radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'brain necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['grade II glioma', 'supratentorial gliomas']

entities_list: @entity18489 :: ('MESH:D020221', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve or chiasm injury']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: Two hundred and sixty-six @entity1 developed recurrence after external beam radiation therapy for Stage B or @entity263 . The median survival from the time of recurrence was 30 months, the 5-year actuarial survival was 22% and the 8-year actuarial survival was 13%. The original stage influences survival after recurrence. Median survival @entity3482 months for Stage B and 27 months for Stage C. Five-year actuarial survivals are 31% for Stage B and 16% for Stage C. The site of recurrence (infield or metastatic) influences survival after recurrence. Median survival @entity16222 months for infield and 25 months for metastatic. Five-year actuarial survival is 30% for infield and 17% for metastatic. The time of recurrence influences survival after recurrence, comparing survival in @entity1 recurring in the first year after treatment, to @entity1 recurring in the second or later years after treatment. Median survival after recurrence is 14 months for those who recur in the first year, 32 months for those who recur later. Histologic grade influences survival after recurrence. Median survivals are 49 months for well differentiated, 31 months for moderately differentiated, and 23 months for poorly differentiated. Cox regression analysis indicates that original stage, site of recurrence (local vs. metastatic), time of recurrence after therapy, and histologic grade are all independent variables influencing survival after recurrence (p = less than .01). This study supports the aggressive treatment of @entity263 to prevent recurrence and provides a means of estimating prognosis for @entity1 who suffer a recurrence of their @entity263 after treatment.

title: Analysis of independent variables affecting survival after recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'C prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed the effect of irradiation on @entity10178 expression in blood vessels of the @entity19 bladder wall during the early and late radiation response phases. Vasodilatation was quantified as an additional marker of inflammation related to @entity10178 activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female C3H/Neu @entity19 were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy. The intensity of the @entity10178 immunohistochemical staining signal was assessed using an arbitrary semiquantitative score of 0 to 3. To evaluate vasodilatation the percent of the bladder wall covered by the lumen of the blood vessels, depicted as vascular area, was determined. RESULTS: Constitutive @entity10178 expression was found in the tunica intima and media of bladder blood vessels. During the early response significant biphasic changes were detected in the @entity10178 staining signal as well as in the vascular area with peak values on days 4 and 16 after irradiation. A significant association was found between vascular area and @entity10178 expression in blood vessels during the early radiation response (p <0.0001). No changes in @entity10178 expression were observed during the late phase, that is between days 90 and 360 after irradiation. Minor vasodilatation seen during the late phase did not correlate with @entity10178 activity. CONCLUSIONS: Irradiation resulted in pronounced @entity10178 dependent inflammatory changes in the bladder wall during the early but not during the late radiation reaction. Therefore, a potential effect of @entity10178 inhibition on early radiation side effects in the bladder can be proposed.

title: Radiation induced inflammatory changes in the XXXX bladder: the role of cyclooxygenase-2.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine ethnic differences in the content of delusions and @entity1833 among a tri-ethnic sample of adult @entity146 inpatients older than 40 years who were hospitalized with an @entity716 . METHODS: A chart review of inpatient episodes for 133 middle-aged and older adult @entity1 (31 African Americans, 50 Latinos, and 52 @entity7634 -Americans) with a mean age of 50 years was performed at an acute behavioral medicine unit at a university hospital. All @entity1 were diagnosed with a severe @entity914 . The content and frequency of @entity716 symptoms were systematically reviewed using a structured checklist and comparisons across ethnic groups were made using chi(2) statistics. RESULTS: Ethnic group differences were found in the contents and subtypes of delusions and @entity1833 . Significant ethnic differences were found in symptom content, consistent with findings from studies on younger samples of inpatients. @entity7634 -Americans were nearly twice as likely as Latinos to report delusions of grandiosity. African Americans were more likely than Latinos to report general @entity10963 . Latinos reported more culturally influenced contents than the other groups. CONCLUSION: Raising provider awareness of ethnic variation in symptom expression is a key step in the process of developing effective treatments for ethnically diverse middle-aged and older @entity1 populations.

title: Cross-ethnic evaluation of XXXX symptom content in hospitalized middle-aged and older adults.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['acute psychotic episode', 'psychotic']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid delusions of persecution']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative outcome in two groups of @entity1 with chronic severe @entity337 ( @entity337 ): those operated on early and those operated on late according to the guidelines. BACKGROUND: The impact of earlier surgery for chronic severe @entity337 as defined in guidelines has not been evaluated. METHODS: A total of 170 @entity1 with chronic severe @entity337 submitted to aortic valve replacement were prospectively followed up. @entity1 were divided in two groups depending on the clinical situation at the time of surgery. Group A were 60 @entity1 who were operated on following guidelines advice of earlier surgery, and group B were 110 @entity1 who were operated on late with regard to guideline recommendations. RESULTS: Follow-up was 10 +/- 6 years (1 to 22 years). During follow-up 44 @entity1 died, 7 @entity1 (12%) from group A and 37 (37%) from group B (p = 0.001). The cause of @entity204 was non-cardiac in 11 @entity1 , 2 (3%) in group A and 9 (8%) in group B. @entity204 occurred in 33 @entity1 , 5 (9%) from group A and 28 (28%) from group B (p = 0.002). Causes of @entity204 differed between groups A and B: @entity712 or @entity944 were significantly more frequent in group B (20 @entity1 vs. 1 @entity1 , p = 0.001). Overall survival in groups A and B was 90 +/- 4% vs. 75 +/- 8% at 5 years, 86 +/- 5% vs. 64 +/- 5% at 10 years, and 78 +/- 7% vs. 53 +/- 6% at 15 years, respectively (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Early operation as defined in the guidelines improves long-term survival in @entity1 with chronic @entity337 .

title: Long-term outcome of surgically treated XXXX : influence of guideline adherence toward early surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: @entity2000 resulting in the loss of photoreceptors is the leading cause of @entity1939 . Several therapeutic protocols are under consideration for treatment of this disease. Tissue replacement is one such strategy currently being explored. However, availability of tissues for transplant poses a major obstacle. Another strategy with great potential is the use of adult stem cells, which could be expanded in culture and then utilized to engineer retinal tissue. In this study, we have explored a spontaneously immortalized @entity1 retinal progenitor cell line for its potential in retinal engineering using rotary cultures to generate three-dimensional (3D) structures. Retinal progenitors cultured alone or cocultured with retinal pigment epithelial cells form aggregates. The aggregate size increases between days 1 and 10. The cells grown as a 3D culture rotary system, which promotes cell-cell interaction, retain a spectrum of differentiation capability. Photoreceptor differentiation in these cultures is confirmed by significant upregulation of @entity8695 and @entity71981 , an enzyme implicated in @entity2493 synthesis (immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis). Photoreceptor induction and differentiation is further attested to by the upregulation of rod transcription factor @entity43960 , Nr(2)e(3), expression of interstitial retinal binding protein, and @entity8695 kinase by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Differentiation toward other cell lineages is confirmed by the expression of @entity669 hydroxylase in amacrine cells, thy 1.1 expression in ganglion cells and calbindin, and @entity14644 expression in cone cells. The capability of retinal progenitors to give rise to several retinal cell types when grown as aggregated cells in rotary culture offers hope that progenitor stem cells under appropriate culture conditions will be valuable to engineer retinal constructs, which could be further tested for their transplant potential. The fidelity with which this multipotential cell line retains its capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types holds great promise for the use of tissue-specific adult stem cells for therapy.

title: Engineering retina from XXXX retinal progenitors (cell lines).

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A biofilm is a complex community of microorganisms that develop on surfaces in diverse environments. The thickness of the biofilm plays a crucial role in the physiology of the immobilized bacteria. The most cariogenic bacteria, mutans streptococci, are common inhabitants of a dental biofilm community. In this study, DNA-microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes associated with the thickness of @entity6586 biofilms. RESULTS: Comparative transcriptome analyses indicated that expression of 29 genes was differentially altered in 400- vs. 100-microns depth and 39 genes in 200- vs. 100-microns biofilms. Only 10 @entity6586 genes showed differential expression in both 400- vs. 100-microns and 200- vs. 100-microns biofilms. All of these genes were upregulated. As @entity969 is a predominant factor in oral biofilm development, its influence was evaluated on selected genes expression in the various depths of biofilms. The presence of @entity969 did not noticeably change the regulation of these genes in 400- vs. 100-microns and/or 200- vs. 100-microns biofilms tested by real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression profile of selected biofilm thickness associated genes in the luxS- mutant strain. The expression of those genes was not radically changed in the mutant strain compared to wild-type bacteria in @entity558 . Only slight downregulation was recorded in SMU.2146c, SMU.574, SMU.609, and SMU.987 genes expression in luxS- bacteria in biofilm vs. planktonic environments. CONCLUSION: These findings reveal genes associated with the thickness of biofilms of @entity6586 . Expression of these genes is apparently not regulated directly by luxS and is not necessarily influenced by the presence of @entity969 in the growth media.

title: DNA-microarrays identification of XXXX genes associated with biofilm thickness.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['planktonic condition']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the acute tolerance of delivering concurrent @entity900 and extended field radiotherapy (EFRT) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique (IMRT) for @entity5 . METHODS: All @entity1 receiving definitive treatment for cervical @entity5 were treated with EFRT using IMRT technique and concurrent @entity900 . The treatment volume included the cervix, uterus, parametria, presacral space, @entity8376 , pelvic, common iliac, and paraaortic nodes to the top of L1. All regions received 45 Gy (25 fractions) with a simultaneous boost to involved nodes (55 Gy/25 fractions). @entity1 were assessed weekly for @entity137 and response. RESULTS: Twenty-two consecutive @entity1 underwent treatment. All @entity1 completed the prescribed course of EFRT. Median treatment length was 39.5 days (range 36-53). Treatment breaks of 2 and 3 days were required for bone @entity236 in 2 @entity1 . The final week of chemotherapy was held in 2 @entity1 because of @entity1398 . No @entity1 suffered acute or subacute grade 3 or 4 GI or GU @entity137 . CONCLUSION: In this clinical study, an IMRT technique was used to successfully deliver EFRT with concurrent chemosensitization for cervical @entity5 . The technique was associated with an acceptable acute @entity137 without significant treatment protraction. This new role for IMRT merits further evaluation with larger @entity1 numbers and longer follow-up.

title: Feasibility of concurrent XXXX and extended field radiation therapy (EFRT) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for carcinoma of the cervix.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['upper vagina']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow toxicity']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: AIMS: An inverse relationship between estimates of renal function, with formulas such as the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) study equation or the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and mortality has been suggested. These formulas both contain the variables sex, serum @entity1011 and age and the latter also contains body weight. We investigated whether these formulas predict mortality better than the variables they contain together in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: In 1998, 1143 primary care @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 participated in the Zwolle Outpatient @entity6 project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC) Study, in the Netherlands. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at baseline. Life status was assessed after 6 years. We used Cox proportional hazard modelling to investigate the association between estimates of renal function (continuous data) and the variables they contain and mortality, adjusting for confounders. Both formulas were compared with models consisting of the variables present in the formulas. Predictability was assessed using Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and Harrell's C statistics. RESULTS: At follow-up, 335 @entity1 had died. All variables, except sex, influenced mortality. Predictive capability, indicated by lower BIC values and higher Harrell's C values, was up to 10% better for models containing the separate variables as compared with Cockcroft-Gault or @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Using estimates of renal function to assess mortality risk decreases predictability as compared with the combination of the risk factors they contain. These formulas, therefore, could be used to estimate renal function; however, they should not be used as a tool to predict mortality risk.

title: XXXX and Cockcroft-Gault formulas do not predict mortality (ZODIAC-6).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'Modification of diet in renal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Modification of diet in renal disease']