abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inflammation is an essential component of pathogenesis and progression of @entity5 . A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is considered as a prognostic indicator for @entity0 . This meta-analysis was conducted to establish the overall accuracy of the NLR test in the diagnosis of @entity0 . A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted by using PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Published studies dating up to July 2014 and 4,293 @entity1 were enrolled in the present study. In order to evaluate the association between NLR and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity66 ( @entity66 ), recurrence-free survival (RFS) or @entity5 specific survival (CSS), the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. @entity1349 was the primary outcome. The results suggested that increased NLR was a strong predictor for @entity1349 with HR of 2.28 (95% CI  =  1.08-4.80, Pheterogeneity  <  0.001). Stratified analyses indicated that a high NLR appeared to be a negative prognostic marker in Caucasian populations (HR  =  4.53, 95% CI  =  3.11-6.60, Pheterogeneity   =  0.096), multivariate analysis method (HR  =  2.10, 95% CI  =  1.52-2.89, Pheterogeneity  =  0.591), and mixed @entity3 (HR  =  4.53, 95% CI  =  3.11-6.60, Pheterogeneity  =  0.096). Elevated NLR was associated with a high risk for @entity66 (HR  =  1.38, 95% CI  =  1.09-1.74, Pheterogeneity  =  0.050) and in subgroups of multivariate analysis (HR  =  1.64, 95% CI  =  1.25-2.14, Pheterogeneity  =  0.545) and mixed @entity3 (HR  =  1.99, 95% CI  =  1.28-3.09, Pheterogeneity  =  0.992). In summary, NLR could be considered as a predictive factor for @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To evaluate the prognostic value of change (fall) in serum @entity402 ( @entity402 ) in critically ill adults with severe @entity295 / @entity326 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study in a general purpose Intensive Care Unit of a teaching Institute. @entity402 was measured at admission (D0) and after 72-96 h (D4) by electrochemi-luminescence immunoassay (BRAHMS @entity402 kit) in adults (>18 years) admitted with severe @entity295 or @entity326 . Change in procalcitonin values from D0 to D4 was correlated with the primary outcome, that is, 28 days mortality. All results are reported as median (interquartile range). RESULTS: A total of 171 (100 males) of 181 @entity1 were included. The median age was 46 years (range 19-79). 137 @entity1 were in @entity326 and 34 in severe @entity295 . The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in all @entity1 was 11 (9-14).91 (53.2%) @entity1 survived at 28 days (survivors). The baseline procalcitonin was similar in two groups (3.48 [1.04-15.85] vs. 5.27 [1.81-23.57] ng/ml in survivors and nonsurvivors [NS] respectively). The procalcitonin change was 1.58 (0.20-8.52) in survivors and 0.28 (-1.38-6.17) in NS (P = 0.01). The C-statistic of percentage change in procalcitonin from D0 to D4 to predict survival was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.82) when compared to 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71-0.86) for change of SOFA score. For an absolute fall in procalcitonin of >1 ng/ml, a 70% fall predicted survival with 75% sensitivity and 64% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill- @entity1 with severe @entity295 / @entity326 , change (fall) in procalcitonin is associated with good outcome.

title: Procalcitonin kinetics as a prognostic marker in severe XXXX / @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity402 :: ('MESH:C564133', 'Disease') :: ['procalcitonin level', 'PCT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To evaluate the prognostic value of change (fall) in serum @entity402 ( @entity402 ) in critically ill adults with severe @entity295 / @entity326 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study in a general purpose Intensive Care Unit of a teaching Institute. @entity402 was measured at admission (D0) and after 72-96 h (D4) by electrochemi-luminescence immunoassay (BRAHMS @entity402 kit) in adults (>18 years) admitted with severe @entity295 or @entity326 . Change in procalcitonin values from D0 to D4 was correlated with the primary outcome, that is, 28 days mortality. All results are reported as median (interquartile range). RESULTS: A total of 171 (100 males) of 181 @entity1 were included. The median age was 46 years (range 19-79). 137 @entity1 were in @entity326 and 34 in severe @entity295 . The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in all @entity1 was 11 (9-14).91 (53.2%) @entity1 survived at 28 days (survivors). The baseline procalcitonin was similar in two groups (3.48 [1.04-15.85] vs. 5.27 [1.81-23.57] ng/ml in survivors and nonsurvivors [NS] respectively). The procalcitonin change was 1.58 (0.20-8.52) in survivors and 0.28 (-1.38-6.17) in NS (P = 0.01). The C-statistic of percentage change in procalcitonin from D0 to D4 to predict survival was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.82) when compared to 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71-0.86) for change of SOFA score. For an absolute fall in procalcitonin of >1 ng/ml, a 70% fall predicted survival with 75% sensitivity and 64% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill- @entity1 with severe @entity295 / @entity326 , change (fall) in procalcitonin is associated with good outcome.

title: Procalcitonin kinetics as a prognostic marker in severe @entity295 / XXXX .

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of @entity8966 isolated from shellfish and its habitat in Sichuan, Fujian and Guangxi. METHODS: The susceptibility of 186 isolates of @entity8966 to 8 antibiotics were determined by broth microdilution susceptibility test. The antibiotics of @entity869 , @entity3524 , @entity5505 , @entity801 , @entity803 , @entity2755 , @entity2177 and @entity206 / @entity207 were used. RESULTS: The antibiotic resistance rate were 69.35% in which @entity869 resistance was the most prevalent. The geometric mean of @entity869 MIC value of all isolates was greater than the interpretation value of resistance. Among the 186 tested isolates, the multiple antibiotic resistance and/or intermediate resistance was 4. All strains were 100% sensitive to @entity3524 , @entity5505 , @entity2755 and @entity2177 . The @entity869 susceptibility spectrum of aquaculture farm was the highest among the three sectors as 73.68% and Sichuan was the highest among the three provinces as 70.94% although there were no significant differences. There were 44 samples out of which 2 and above strains were isolated, and the susceptibility spectrum polymorphism rate of strains isolated from the same sample was 77.27% (34/44). CONCLUSION: The @entity869 resistance rate is relatively high, and shellfish habitat may be the main source of antimicrobial resistance of @entity8966 . There is an urgent need to strengthen the surveillance and management of @entity8966 in the shellfish breeding process.

title: [Analysis of antimicrobial resistance results of XXXX isolated from shellfish and its habitat in 2013].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity8966 :: ('670', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity8966 :: (670,Species) :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Accurate @entity2 segmentation is a prerequisite for effective radiation therapy and surgical planning. However, @entity5 delineation is challenging when the @entity5 boundaries are indistinct on PET or CT. To address this problem, we developed a segmentation method to improve the delineation of primary @entity2 from PET-CT images. METHODS: We formulated the segmentation problem as a label information propagation process in an iterative manner. Our model incorporates spatial-topological information from PET and local intensity changes from CT. The topological information of the regions was extracted based on the metabolic activity of different tissues. The spatial-topological information moderates the amount of label information that a pixel receives: The label information attenuates as the spatial distance increases and when crossing different topological regions. Thus, the spatial-topological constraint assists accurate @entity5 delineation and separation. The label information propagation and transition model are solved under a random walk framework. RESULTS: Our method achieved an average DSC of [Formula: see text] and @entity2033 (mm) of [Formula: see text] on 40 @entity1 with @entity2 . The t test showed a significant improvement (p value  [Formula: see text]  0.05) in segmentation accuracy when compared to eight other methods. Our method was better able to delineate @entity5 that had heterogeneous FDG uptake and which abutted adjacent structures that had similar densities. CONCLUSIONS: Our method, using a spatial-topological constraint, provided @entity2 delineation, in particular, when the @entity5 involved or abutted the chest wall and the mediastinum.

title: XXXX segmentation from PET-CT volumes with spatial-topological constraint.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'better lung tumor', 'lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Primary lung tumor']


abstract: @entity4090 (PRL) and @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secretion have been evaluated in 17 acromegalic @entity1 following acute administration of two @entity935 (DA) receptor antagonists, i.e. @entity3216 ( @entity3216 ) and @entity2211 ( @entity13304 ). Six @entity1 had persistent @entity4089 . In 8 normoprolactinemic @entity1 , i.m. injection of 100 mg SULP elicited only a slight rise iN plasma PRL, which was strikingly lower than that SULP induced in control subjects. Likewise, an i.v. bolus injection of @entity13304 (4 mg) was barely effective to raise plasma PRL in the 11 normoprolactinemic and the 6 hyperprolactinemic @entity1 . @entity13304 was instead capable of inducing a clear-cut rise in plasma PRL in normoprolactinemic controls and in a group of subjects with puerperal @entity4089 . Neither drug affected @entity2124 secretion in acromegalic @entity1 . It is proposed that a defective tuberoinfundibular DA function or, alternatively, a diminished PRL reserve due to a decrease pituitary lactotroph mass may be responsible for the blunted PRL responsiveness of acromegalics. However, standing the paucity of present knowledge on the pituitary PRL secretory pool in acromegalics, neither hypothesis seems capable to account satisfactory for the reported results.

title: Impaired XXXX responsiveness to @entity935 antagonists in acromegaly.

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['SULP', 'sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: @entity4090 (PRL) and @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secretion have been evaluated in 17 acromegalic @entity1 following acute administration of two @entity935 (DA) receptor antagonists, i.e. @entity3216 ( @entity3216 ) and @entity2211 ( @entity13304 ). Six @entity1 had persistent @entity4089 . In 8 normoprolactinemic @entity1 , i.m. injection of 100 mg SULP elicited only a slight rise iN plasma PRL, which was strikingly lower than that SULP induced in control subjects. Likewise, an i.v. bolus injection of @entity13304 (4 mg) was barely effective to raise plasma PRL in the 11 normoprolactinemic and the 6 hyperprolactinemic @entity1 . @entity13304 was instead capable of inducing a clear-cut rise in plasma PRL in normoprolactinemic controls and in a group of subjects with puerperal @entity4089 . Neither drug affected @entity2124 secretion in acromegalic @entity1 . It is proposed that a defective tuberoinfundibular DA function or, alternatively, a diminished PRL reserve due to a decrease pituitary lactotroph mass may be responsible for the blunted PRL responsiveness of acromegalics. However, standing the paucity of present knowledge on the pituitary PRL secretory pool in acromegalics, neither hypothesis seems capable to account satisfactory for the reported results.

title: Impaired @entity4090 responsiveness to XXXX antagonists in acromegaly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The implementation of novel platform organisms to be used as microbial cell factories in industrial applications is currently the subject of intense research. Ongoing efforts include the adoption of @entity26731 variants with a reduced genome as the functional chassis for biotechnological purposes. In these strains, dispensable functions removed @entity1319 (1.1% of the genome) and a number of open reading frames expected to improve genotypic and phenotypic stability of the cells upon deletion (3.2% of the genome). RESULTS: In this study, two previously constructed multiple-deletion @entity15250 strains were systematically evaluated as microbial cell factories for heterologous protein production and compared to the parental bacterium (strain @entity26731 ) with regards to several industrially-relevant physiological traits. Energetic parameters were quantified at different controlled growth rates in continuous cultivations and both strains had a higher @entity855 content, increased adenylate energy charges, and diminished maintenance demands than the wild-type strain. Under all the conditions tested the mutants also grew faster, had enhanced biomass yields and showed higher viability, and displayed increased plasmid stability than the parental strain. In addition to small-scale shaken-flask cultivations, the performance of the genome-streamlined strains was evaluated in larger scale bioreactor batch cultivations taking a step towards industrial growth conditions. When the production of the green fluorescent protein (used as a model heterologous protein) was assessed in these cultures, the mutants reached a recombinant protein yield with respect to biomass up to 40% higher than that of @entity26731 . CONCLUSIONS: The two streamlined-genome derivatives of @entity26731 outcompeted the parental strain in every industrially-relevant trait assessed, particularly under the working conditions of a bioreactor. Our results demonstrate that these genome-streamlined bacteria are not only robust microbial cell factories on their own, but also a promising foundation for further biotechnological applications.

title: Genome reduction boosts heterologous gene expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['include flagellar motility']

answer: @entity15250 :: (303,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas putida']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity731 plaque analysis using computed tomography angiography (CTA) has been found to be accurate and reproducible in the coronary and carotid arteries. The aim of our study was to assess the utility of this technique in predicting outcome following lower limb endovascular interventions. METHODS: Pre-procedural CTA was retrospectively analysed in 50 @entity1 who had undergone femoropopliteal (F-P) angioplasty (and/or stenting). Plaque analysis was performed using TeraRecon workstation by two observers blinded to the long-term outcome. Using the Hounsfield units (HU) scale @entity731 plaque composition was subdivided into volumes of soft (-100-100 HU) fibrocalcific (101-300 HU) or calcified (300-1000 HU) components. The relationship between plaque composition, clinical and procedural variables, and the study end points (vessel patency, binary @entity256 rate, and @entity11768 [ @entity11768 ]) were assessed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The technical success rate of the endovascular procedure was 98%, with 48% of @entity1 receiving F-P stents. The @entity11768 was 90%, primary patency 84%, assisted primary patency 88%, and binary @entity256 44% all at 1 year. A significantly greater total volume of calcified plaque (1.1 [.01-3.2] cm(3) vs. .11 [0-1.86] cm(3), p  <  .001) was found in @entity1 developing @entity256 (>50%) compared with those who did not. @entity1 with a calcified plaque volume greater than 1.1  cm(3) had a significantly worse @entity11768 than those with a volume less than 1.1  cm(3) (p  =  .0038). Multivariate analysis showed that the percentage calcified plaque (p  =  .003, HR 11.4, 95% CI 1.45-37.29) was an independent predictor of binary @entity256 at 12 months, and that absolute volume of calcified plaque (p  =  .001, HR 3.56, 95% CI 1.64-7.7) was independently associated with @entity11768 . CONCLUSIONS: The burden of calcified plaque, but not soft or fibrocalcific plaque is related to @entity256 , reintervention, and @entity11768 . Computed tomography plaque analysis may form an important non-invasive tool for risk stratification in @entity1 undergoing F-P endovascular procedures.

title: XXXX Plaque Analysis: A Pilot Study to Assess a Novel Tool to Predict Outcome Following Lower Limb Endovascular Intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'Atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity11768 :: ('MESH:C565682', 'Disease') :: ['Amputation-Free Survival', 'AFS']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Olfaction is one of the important senses for @entity1 . Systemic glucocorticoids are the most commonly used medications for olfactory loss because of their strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, their effect on olfactory function is still controversial and the precise mechanism is not clear. To gain a global view of the effect of systematic glucocorticoid treatment on gene expression in the olfactory mucosa (OM), we profiled these changes in a @entity19 model of olfaction in order to identify underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 were injected daily for 2 weeks (WK2) with @entity619 ( @entity9170 , intraperitoneally, 1 mg/kg body weight) vs 1 day of @entity9170 (D1) vs controls, which received saline (Ctrl) (n = 9/group). Total RNA from the OM was used to analyze global gene expression. Genes showing changes in expression were compared using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID, v6.7) and the General Olfactory Sensitivity Database (GOSdb; http://genome.weizmann.ac.il/GOSdb). RESULTS: Between the WK2 and Ctrl groups, 3351 genes were differentially expressed, of which 236 genes were related to olfactory function. Genes involved in axon guidance, cell projection, and @entity32 were enriched and overlapped significantly with those in the GOSdb. CONCLUSION: Systemic glucocorticoids exert effects on transcription of a notable number of genes in the OM and appear to orchestrate changes related to axon guidance, cell projection, and @entity32 . Further examination may allow targeted therapies that lack the side effects of this category of medication.

title: XXXX affects @entity19 olfactory mucosa gene expression and attenuates genes related to neurite outgrowth.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Olfaction is one of the important senses for @entity1 . Systemic glucocorticoids are the most commonly used medications for olfactory loss because of their strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, their effect on olfactory function is still controversial and the precise mechanism is not clear. To gain a global view of the effect of systematic glucocorticoid treatment on gene expression in the olfactory mucosa (OM), we profiled these changes in a @entity19 model of olfaction in order to identify underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 were injected daily for 2 weeks (WK2) with @entity619 ( @entity9170 , intraperitoneally, 1 mg/kg body weight) vs 1 day of @entity9170 (D1) vs controls, which received saline (Ctrl) (n = 9/group). Total RNA from the OM was used to analyze global gene expression. Genes showing changes in expression were compared using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID, v6.7) and the General Olfactory Sensitivity Database (GOSdb; http://genome.weizmann.ac.il/GOSdb). RESULTS: Between the WK2 and Ctrl groups, 3351 genes were differentially expressed, of which 236 genes were related to olfactory function. Genes involved in axon guidance, cell projection, and @entity32 were enriched and overlapped significantly with those in the GOSdb. CONCLUSION: Systemic glucocorticoids exert effects on transcription of a notable number of genes in the OM and appear to orchestrate changes related to axon guidance, cell projection, and @entity32 . Further examination may allow targeted therapies that lack the side effects of this category of medication.

title: @entity619 affects XXXX olfactory mucosa gene expression and attenuates genes related to neurite outgrowth.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: We are reporting the five-year biochemical control, @entity137 profile and dosimetric parameters using iodine-125 low dose rate brachytherapy (BT) as monotherapy for early @entity5 at a single institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between April 2006 and December 2010, 169 @entity1 with early @entity5 were treated with BT. Biochemical failure was defined using the Phoenix definition (nadir   +   2  ng/mL). Treatment-related morbidities, including urinary, rectal and sexual function, were measured, applying the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the 7-grade Quality of Life Scale (QoL) and medical status, the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire (ICIQ), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.03). Seed migration and loss, dosimetric parameters and learning effects were also analyzed. RESULTS: Medium follow-up time was 50  months (range, 1-85 months). The five-year biochemical failure rate was 7%. @entity697 rates were 19% (grade 1) and 1% (grade 2), respectively. The overall incidence of @entity322 was 19% (mild), 16% (moderate) and   <   1% (severe). An increase in IPSS   >=    5 points was detected in 59% of @entity1 , with 38% regaining their baseline. Seed dislocation was found in 24% of @entity1 and correlated with D90 and V100. A learning curve was found for seed migration, D90 and V100. QoL correlated with the general health condition of @entity1 , @entity322 symptoms and IPSS. CONCLUSIONS: BT for early @entity5 offers excellent five-year biochemical control with low @entity137 . QoL aspects are favorable. A learning curve was detected for procedural aspects but its impact on @entity1 relevant endpoints remains inconclusive.

title: Iodine-125 seed brachytherapy for early XXXX : a single-institution review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute proctitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage prostate cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage prostate cancer']


abstract: A total of 658 cases of @entity27134 was reported in South Australia in the 18 months from March, 1980. Although Campylobacter sp. may cause more @entity344 than @entity5746 sp. during some time periods, our data suggest that the reverse applies over all. However, since @entity27134 tends to affect older @entity1 who possibly are investigated less frequently, the relative prevalence of @entity27134 may have been understated. Both diseases are notified among preschoolers to a disproportionate extent; however, Campylobacter sp. show a greater predisposition that @entity5746 sp. for affecting teenagers and young adults. @entity1 with @entity27134 are more likely to be residents of metropolitan areas than their counterparts with @entity5746 . Virtually all @entity1 with @entity27134 experience some @entity294 ; three-quarters have @entity490 ; approximately one-third report blood, and a similar proportion mucus in their stools. @entity1 are more likely than adults to have mucus, and possibly blood, in their stools.

title: Population-based comparative study of campylobacter and XXXX in South Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'Children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity27134 :: ('MESH:D002169', 'Disease') :: ['campylobacter enteritis', 'campylobacter infection']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella', 'salmonella enteritis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity5746 :: (MESH:D012480,Disease) :: ['salmonella enteritis']


abstract: OBJECT: Outcomes of focal resection in young @entity1 with early-onset @entity302 are varied in the literature due to study differences. In this paper, the authors sought to define the effect of focal resection in a small homogeneous sample of @entity1 who were otherwise cognitively intact, but who required early surgical treatment. Preservation of and age-appropriate development of intelligence following focal resection was hypothesized. METHODS: Cognitive outcome after focal resection was retrospectively reviewed for 15 cognitively intact @entity1 who were operated on at the ages of 2-6 years for lesion-related, early-onset @entity302 . Intelligence was tested prior to and after surgery. Effect sizes and confidence intervals for means and standard deviations were used to infer changes and differences in intelligence between 1) groups (pre vs post), 2) left versus right hemisphere resections, and 3) short versus long duration of @entity410 prior to resection. RESULTS: No group changes from baseline occurred in Full Scale, verbal, or nonverbal IQ. No change from baseline intelligence occurred in @entity1 who underwent left or right hemisphere surgery, including no group effect on verbal scores following surgery in the dominant hemisphere. @entity1 with @entity410 durations of less than 6 months prior to resection showed improvement from their presurgical baseline in contrast to those with @entity410 duration of greater than 6 months prior to surgery, particularly in Wechsler Full Scale IQ and nonverbal intelligence. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that surgical treatment of focal @entity410 in cognitively intact preschool @entity1 is likely to result in @entity410 remediation, antiepileptic drug discontinuation, and no significant decrement in intelligence. The latter finding is particularly significant in light of the longstanding concern associated with performing resections in the language-dominant hemisphere. Importantly, shorter @entity410 duration prior to resection can result in improved cognitive outcome, suggesting that surgery for this population should occur sooner to help improve intelligence outcomes.

title: Impact of XXXX surgery on development of preschool @entity1 : identification of a cohort likely to benefit from early intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECT: Outcomes of focal resection in young @entity1 with early-onset @entity302 are varied in the literature due to study differences. In this paper, the authors sought to define the effect of focal resection in a small homogeneous sample of @entity1 who were otherwise cognitively intact, but who required early surgical treatment. Preservation of and age-appropriate development of intelligence following focal resection was hypothesized. METHODS: Cognitive outcome after focal resection was retrospectively reviewed for 15 cognitively intact @entity1 who were operated on at the ages of 2-6 years for lesion-related, early-onset @entity302 . Intelligence was tested prior to and after surgery. Effect sizes and confidence intervals for means and standard deviations were used to infer changes and differences in intelligence between 1) groups (pre vs post), 2) left versus right hemisphere resections, and 3) short versus long duration of @entity410 prior to resection. RESULTS: No group changes from baseline occurred in Full Scale, verbal, or nonverbal IQ. No change from baseline intelligence occurred in @entity1 who underwent left or right hemisphere surgery, including no group effect on verbal scores following surgery in the dominant hemisphere. @entity1 with @entity410 durations of less than 6 months prior to resection showed improvement from their presurgical baseline in contrast to those with @entity410 duration of greater than 6 months prior to surgery, particularly in Wechsler Full Scale IQ and nonverbal intelligence. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that surgical treatment of focal @entity410 in cognitively intact preschool @entity1 is likely to result in @entity410 remediation, antiepileptic drug discontinuation, and no significant decrement in intelligence. The latter finding is particularly significant in light of the longstanding concern associated with performing resections in the language-dominant hemisphere. Importantly, shorter @entity410 duration prior to resection can result in improved cognitive outcome, suggesting that surgery for this population should occur sooner to help improve intelligence outcomes.

title: Impact of @entity302 surgery on development of preschool XXXX : identification of a cohort likely to benefit from early intervention.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Peritumoral cysts are benign nonneoplastic cysts that are found adjacent to extraaxial @entity1313 such as @entity1653 , @entity808 , @entity976 , and @entity4236 . Peritumoral cysts associated with @entity4611 have not been previously described in the literature. The authors report 6 cases of giant macroadenoma-associated peritumoral cysts and delineate their imaging spectrum. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 179 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4611 who underwent @entity5 resection at their institution and had preoperative MRI scans available for review. The @entity1 were evaluated for the presence of associated peritumoral cysts. Clinical presentation, histopathology, follow-up time, @entity5 and peritumoral cyst dimensions were recorded. Signal intensity on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and FLAIR sequences, as well as pre- and postcontrast appearance, were determined. RESULTS Six @entity1 (3.4%) with associated peritumoral cysts were identified in our cohort of 179 @entity1 with @entity4611 . Twelve @entity1 in the cohort had @entity2967 (>=  4.0 cm), and 50% of these @entity5 had associated peritumoral cysts with significant extrasellar extension of the macroadenoma. @entity5 with craniocaudal, transverse, and anteroposterior diameters of 3.6 * 3.4 * 4.2 cm to 7.0 * 7.4 * 6.8 cm (mean 5.3 * 5.1 * 5.6 cm), respectively, had associated peritumoral cysts. The growth pattern in all @entity5 was suprasellar, with predominant anterior and lateral extension. Cysts showed T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR hyperintensity in 67%, 67%, and 60% of @entity1 , respectively. There was no contrast enhancement of the cyst wall or fluid contents in any @entity1 . Postoperatively, cysts had completely resolved (4 of 5) or significantly decreased in size (1 of 5). One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS @entity45 are rare, benign, and likely nonneoplastic fluid collections that do not represent @entity5 . These cysts display a predictable pattern of hyperintensity on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR sequences and do not enhance. They most likely represent proteinaceous CSF in a sulcus or cistern that becomes trapped (encysted) by anterolateral extension of unusually large macroadenomas. Peritumoral cysts may facilitate resection of the associated macroadenoma by providing a cleavage plane.

title: Peritumoral cysts associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Only tumors', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant macroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma', 'pituitary macroadenomas']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['esthesioneuroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['Macroadenoma-associated peritumoral cysts']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetic and environmental factors, including @entity53073 , contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity409 in Labrador retrievers. Clinical disease is preceded by a subclinical phase in which copper accumulates in the liver. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a @entity53073 , high-zinc diet on hepatic copper concentration in Labrador retrievers with increased hepatic copper concentrations. ANIMALS: Twenty-eight clinically healthy, client-owned Labrador retrievers with a mean hepatic copper concentration of 919      477  mg/kg dry weight liver (dwl) that were related to @entity235 previously diagnosed with clinical @entity409 . METHODS: Clinical trial in which @entity235 were fed a diet containing 1.3      0.3  mg copper/Mcal and 64.3      5.9  mg zinc/Mcal. @entity409 concentrations were determined in liver biopsy samples approximately every 6  months. Logistic regression was performed to investigate effects of sex, age, initial hepatic copper concentration and pedigree on the ability to normalize hepatic copper concentrations. RESULTS: In responders (15/28 @entity235 ), hepatic copper concentrations decreased from a mean of 710      216  mg/kg dwl copper to 343      70  mg/kg dwl hepatic copper after a median of 7.1  months (range, 5.5-21.4  months). @entity235 from a severely affected pedigree were at increased risk for inability to have their hepatic copper concentrations normalized with dietary treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Feeding a @entity53073 , high-zinc diet resulted in a decrease in hepatic copper concentrations in a subset of clinically normal Labrador retrievers with previous @entity409 . A positive response to diet may be influenced by genetic background. Determination of clinical benefit requires further study.

title: Dietary Management of Labrador Retrievers with Subclinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity53073 :: ('MESH:C535468', 'Disease') :: ['dietary copper intake', 'low-copper']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['copper-associated hepatitis', 'hepatic copper accumulation', 'Hepatic copper']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Hepatic Copper Accumulation']


abstract: Having been in use for the past couple of years, the "duckbill" valved Silastic tube developed by Blom and Singer is well established as a device for vocal rehabilitation of the laryngectomee. The newer " @entity1740 " prosthesis developed by Panje incorporates a similar vale in Silastic. Neither of these devices can be used with tracheal stomal stenosis or with a deep tracheal stoma behind prominent sternomastoid muscles. The ritual of taping the Blom-Singer prosthesis and the frequent failure of the tape to hold are other distinct disadvantages. Limitations are imposed on @entity1 selection with the Panje prosthesis because of the rigid dimensions and the possibility of @entity1173 of the device, as well as the necessity for manual dexterity on the part of the @entity1 . A new device has been fashioned utilizing the "duckbill" Silastic tube as a valve attached to a new type of @entity825 stoma button. This appears to have universal application, is not difficulty to change, requires no taping, and is self-maintaining. There is no possibility of @entity1173 . The device is simple and appears to overcome many of the disadvantages of the other two. The tracheal esophageal puncture must be made in a cephalad direction so that the tracheal air diverted through the prosthesis will be directed toward the pharynx and not toward the esophagus. Prostheses directed caudad will not function and those @entity1 should be repunctured.

title: XXXX stoma vent voice prosthesis.

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice button']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['Trachea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity21204 , @entity1 first exhibit @entity7551 and peritonsillar abscessation, followed by the development of anaerobic bacterial (usually Fusobacterium necrophorum) @entity295 and metastatic @entity281 throughout the body. However, these @entity281 rarely affect the liver. We describe a case of @entity21204 , in which the first disease manifestation was @entity5572 , for drawing attention of emergency physicians to this rare but fatal disease. CASE PRESENTATION: A 28-year-old Asian ethnicity Filipino male, who was previously healthy, entered the emergency department presenting with fever and @entity158 that had persisted for 5  days. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed a 3-cm area of low density in segment 6 of the liver, consistent with an abscess. Chest computed tomography also revealed that multiple nodes in both lungs were enlarged, and @entity999 were suspected. The @entity1 was hospitalized and antibiotic treatment was initiated. On hospital day 6, blood culture results confirmed Fusobacterium necrophorum @entity295 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity21204 , as @entity7551 developed into @entity2259 associated with @entity358 . The @entity1 's condition improved with antibiotics and he was discharged following three weeks of treatment in the hospital. CONCLUSION: With the widespread use of antibiotics, @entity21204 is rarely encountered anymore, but it can be fatal if not properly diagnosed. It is a crucial differential diagnosis in young @entity1 exhibiting @entity295 or multiple metastatic infection of unknown origin.

title: Liver abscessation and multiple septic pulmonary emboli associated with XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['septic emboli']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity21204 :: ('MESH:D057831', 'Disease') :: ["Lemierre's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic and pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngeal pain']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity21204 :: (MESH:D057831,Disease) :: ['Lemierre's syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prevalence and determinants of sudden @entity1018 (SVL) are unknown in African Americans (AAs). Since SVL can be @entity65 ( @entity65 )-related and @entity65 is highly prevalent in AAs, we examined the prevalence of and @entity65 factors related to self-reported SVL lasting 24 hours or longer in the cohort of AAs enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). METHODS: The study population comprised 5301 @entity1 enrolled from 2000-2004 in the metropolitan area of Jackson, MS, USA. All @entity1 who responded to the question "Have you ever had any @entity1018 or blurring, lasting 24 hours or longer?" on the baseline @entity64 questionnaire were included in the study. We estimated the prevalence of SVL and used regression modeling to identify @entity65 factors independently related to SVL. RESULTS: A total of 5262 @entity1 were included, of which 63% (3334/5262) were female. The prevalence of SVL was 3.6% (193/5262) overall (4.4% in females and 2.4% in males), and 8.7% (84/965) in @entity1 with @entity6 . Factors independently related to SVL included @entity301 (odds ratio, OR, 1.69, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.12-2.56), @entity66 (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.76-4.47), @entity6 (OR 2.85, 95% CI 2.05-3.94), @entity101 (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.09-2.45), female sex (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.24-2.67), and income less than US 50,000 (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.28-3.30). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of AAs, self-reported SVL lasting 24 hours or longer was highly prevalent in @entity1 and those with @entity6 and was independently related to sex, @entity65 , @entity65 risk factors and household income.

title: XXXX and cardiovascular risk factors in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['sudden loss of vision', 'vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1018 :: (MESH:D054062,Disease) :: ['Sudden vision loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CT-P13 is the first biosimilar monoclonal antibody to infliximab (IFX); it has been approved for the same indications as its IFX counterpart in Hungary. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of CT-P13 induction therapy in @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ). METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity30 and @entity31 , who were administered CT-P13, were prospectively enrolled. Disease activity was estimated at the start and after the induction therapy. In @entity1 with @entity31 , sigmoideoscopy was also performed at the end of the induction therapy. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity30 and 21 @entity31 @entity1 were enrolled. Induction treatment was completed in 16 of the @entity30 and 15 of the @entity31 @entity1 . In those with luminal @entity30 , clinical response and remission was achieved in 6 (37.5%) and 8 (50%) of the @entity1 at Week 8. In @entity31 , clinical response and remission was achieved in 3 (20%) and 10 (66.7%) @entity1 at Week 8. Mucosal healing was shown in 11 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This was the first study to prospectively evaluate the outcome of CT-P13 induction therapy in @entity30 and @entity31 . Our results confirm that induction with CT-P13 is safe and effective.

title: Efficacy of the new infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 induction therapy in @entity30 and XXXX - experiences from a single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CT-P13 is the first biosimilar monoclonal antibody to infliximab (IFX); it has been approved for the same indications as its IFX counterpart in Hungary. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of CT-P13 induction therapy in @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ). METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity30 and @entity31 , who were administered CT-P13, were prospectively enrolled. Disease activity was estimated at the start and after the induction therapy. In @entity1 with @entity31 , sigmoideoscopy was also performed at the end of the induction therapy. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity30 and 21 @entity31 @entity1 were enrolled. Induction treatment was completed in 16 of the @entity30 and 15 of the @entity31 @entity1 . In those with luminal @entity30 , clinical response and remission was achieved in 6 (37.5%) and 8 (50%) of the @entity1 at Week 8. In @entity31 , clinical response and remission was achieved in 3 (20%) and 10 (66.7%) @entity1 at Week 8. Mucosal healing was shown in 11 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This was the first study to prospectively evaluate the outcome of CT-P13 induction therapy in @entity30 and @entity31 . Our results confirm that induction with CT-P13 is safe and effective.

title: Efficacy of the new infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 induction therapy in XXXX and @entity31 - experiences from a single center.

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with subjective and objective @entity25 and the role of socio-demographic, behavioural and psychological factors in explaining this association. METHODS: Analyses are based on 3391 @entity1 (53% female, aged 40-81 years) of the follow-up of the CoLaus study (2009-2012), a population-based sample of the city of Lausanne, Switzerland. All @entity1 completed a sleep questionnaire and a sub-sample (N   =   1569) underwent polysomnography. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 with a high SES, @entity1 with a low SES were more likely to suffer from poor sleep quality [prevalence ratio (PR) for occupational position   =   1.68, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.30-2.17], and to have long sleep latency (PR   =   4.90, 95%CI: 2.14-11.17), @entity22 (PR   =   1.47, 95% CI: 1.12-1.93) and short sleep duration (PR   =   3.03, 95% CI: 1.78-5.18). The same pattern was observed among @entity1 (PR   =   1.29 for sleep quality, 2.34 for sleep latency, 2.01 for @entity25 , 3.16 for sleep duration, 95%CIs ranging from 1.00 to 7.51). Use of sleep medications was not patterned by SES. SES differences in @entity25 were only marginally attenuated by adjustment for other socio-demographic, behavioural and psychological factors. Results from polysomnography confirmed poorer sleep patterns among @entity1 with low SES (p   <0.05 for sleep efficiency/stage shifts), but no SES differences were found for sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based sample, low SES was strongly associated with @entity25 , independently of socio-demographic, behavioural, and psychological factors. Further research should establish the extent to which social differences in sleep contribute to socioeconomic differences in health outcomes.

title: Association of socioeconomic status with XXXX in the Swiss population-based CoLaus study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disturbances']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The selection of liver transplantation (LT) candidates with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is currently validated based on Milan criteria. The use of extended criteria has remained a matter of debate, mainly because of the absence of prospective validation. The present prospective study recruited @entity1 according to the previously proposed total @entity5 volume (TTV;  <=115 cm(3) )/ @entity160 ( @entity160 ;  <=400 ng/mL) score. @entity1 with @entity160 >400 ng/mL were excluded, and, as such, the Milan group was modified to include only @entity1 with @entity160 <400 ng/mL; these @entity1 were compared to @entity1 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity160 . From January 2007 to March 2013, 233 @entity1 with @entity157 were listed for LT. Of them, 195 @entity1 were within Milan and 38 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity160 . The average follow-up from listing was 33.9    24.9 months. Risk of dropout was higher for @entity1 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity160 (16 of 38; 42.1%), than for those within Milan (49 of 195 [25.1%]; P = 0.033). In parallel, intent-to-treat survival from listing was lower in @entity1 beyond Milan (53.8% vs. 71.6% at 4 years; P < 0.001). After a median waiting time of 8 months, 166 @entity1 were transplanted, 134 within Milan criteria, and 32 beyond Milan but within TTV/ @entity160 . They demonstrated acceptable and similar recurrence rates (4.5% vs. 9.4%; P = 0.138) and post-transplant survivals (78.7% vs. 74.6% at 4 years; P = 0.932). CONCLUSION: Based on the present prospective study, @entity157 LT candidate selection could be expanded to the TTV ( <=115 cm(3) )/ @entity160 ( <=400 ng/mL) criteria in centers with at least 8-month waiting time. An increased risk of dropout on the waiting list can be expected, but with equivalent and satisfactory post-transplant survival. (Hepatology 2015).

title: Total @entity5 volume and XXXX for selection of transplant candidates with @entity157 : A prospective validation.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

answer: @entity160 :: (174,Gene) :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The selection of liver transplantation (LT) candidates with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is currently validated based on Milan criteria. The use of extended criteria has remained a matter of debate, mainly because of the absence of prospective validation. The present prospective study recruited @entity1 according to the previously proposed total @entity5 volume (TTV;  <=115 cm(3) )/ @entity160 ( @entity160 ;  <=400 ng/mL) score. @entity1 with @entity160 >400 ng/mL were excluded, and, as such, the Milan group was modified to include only @entity1 with @entity160 <400 ng/mL; these @entity1 were compared to @entity1 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity160 . From January 2007 to March 2013, 233 @entity1 with @entity157 were listed for LT. Of them, 195 @entity1 were within Milan and 38 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity160 . The average follow-up from listing was 33.9    24.9 months. Risk of dropout was higher for @entity1 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity160 (16 of 38; 42.1%), than for those within Milan (49 of 195 [25.1%]; P = 0.033). In parallel, intent-to-treat survival from listing was lower in @entity1 beyond Milan (53.8% vs. 71.6% at 4 years; P < 0.001). After a median waiting time of 8 months, 166 @entity1 were transplanted, 134 within Milan criteria, and 32 beyond Milan but within TTV/ @entity160 . They demonstrated acceptable and similar recurrence rates (4.5% vs. 9.4%; P = 0.138) and post-transplant survivals (78.7% vs. 74.6% at 4 years; P = 0.932). CONCLUSION: Based on the present prospective study, @entity157 LT candidate selection could be expanded to the TTV ( <=115 cm(3) )/ @entity160 ( <=400 ng/mL) criteria in centers with at least 8-month waiting time. An increased risk of dropout on the waiting list can be expected, but with equivalent and satisfactory post-transplant survival. (Hepatology 2015).

title: Total XXXX volume and @entity160 for selection of transplant candidates with @entity157 : A prospective validation.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The selection of liver transplantation (LT) candidates with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is currently validated based on Milan criteria. The use of extended criteria has remained a matter of debate, mainly because of the absence of prospective validation. The present prospective study recruited @entity1 according to the previously proposed total @entity5 volume (TTV;  <=115 cm(3) )/ @entity160 ( @entity160 ;  <=400 ng/mL) score. @entity1 with @entity160 >400 ng/mL were excluded, and, as such, the Milan group was modified to include only @entity1 with @entity160 <400 ng/mL; these @entity1 were compared to @entity1 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity160 . From January 2007 to March 2013, 233 @entity1 with @entity157 were listed for LT. Of them, 195 @entity1 were within Milan and 38 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity160 . The average follow-up from listing was 33.9    24.9 months. Risk of dropout was higher for @entity1 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity160 (16 of 38; 42.1%), than for those within Milan (49 of 195 [25.1%]; P = 0.033). In parallel, intent-to-treat survival from listing was lower in @entity1 beyond Milan (53.8% vs. 71.6% at 4 years; P < 0.001). After a median waiting time of 8 months, 166 @entity1 were transplanted, 134 within Milan criteria, and 32 beyond Milan but within TTV/ @entity160 . They demonstrated acceptable and similar recurrence rates (4.5% vs. 9.4%; P = 0.138) and post-transplant survivals (78.7% vs. 74.6% at 4 years; P = 0.932). CONCLUSION: Based on the present prospective study, @entity157 LT candidate selection could be expanded to the TTV ( <=115 cm(3) )/ @entity160 ( <=400 ng/mL) criteria in centers with at least 8-month waiting time. An increased risk of dropout on the waiting list can be expected, but with equivalent and satisfactory post-transplant survival. (Hepatology 2015).

title: Total @entity5 volume and @entity160 for selection of transplant candidates with XXXX : A prospective validation.

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) gastrojejunal @entity254 (GJA) is a less invasive surgery for bariatric procedures and @entity1084 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of a pure NOTES gastrojejunal bypass using an in vivo porcine model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed on nine @entity1707 . A double-channel scope was used. The intervention steps were: (i) gastric incision; (ii) peritoneal access; (iii) jejunal loop selection and mobilization into the stomach; (iv) stoma creation within the gastric wall and incision; (v) @entity254 suture and pylorus closure using a T-tag prototype. The animals were assessed clinically for 3 weeks including the @entity1017 . The patency of the GJA was assessed at necropsy and a histological analysis was performed. RESULTS: We successfully performed all the procedures with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) operative time of 108 (26) minutes. We used a mean of 5.55 (1.30) stitches. There were no intraprocedural adverse events. Five animals survived up till euthanasia at 3 weeks (65%). These showed a significant difference in weight curves of a loss of 3.2kg compared with gain of 5.2kg in a control group.Four @entity1707 died from anastomotic dehiscence complicated by @entity298 . CONCLUSION: Gastrojejunal bypass with a pure NOTES approach is feasible. This procedure is effective, resulting in a patent @entity254 and a significant @entity353 . However, the anastomotic dehiscence is a major concern because of its mortality rate, and further studies including improvement of the suturing device and the technique are needed.

title: Evaluation of feasibility, efficiency and safety of a pure NOTES gastrojejunal bypass with XXXX , in an in vivo porcine model.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1084 :: (MESH:D017219,Disease) :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Identification of third-generation, @entity5898 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae (3GC-RE) carriers by rectal screening at admission seems to be an important step in the prevention of transmission and outbreaks; however, little is known about its effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of 'targeted screening' at @entity1 admission to intensive care units (ICUs) on the incidence of 3GC-RE @entity580 ( @entity580 ) and compare it to 'universal screening'. METHODS: We undertook a quasi-experimental study of two ICUs (unit A: intervention group; unit B: control group) at a university-affiliated hospital between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2011. In unit A, @entity1 were screened universally for 3GC-RE at admission during period 1 (1 January 2008 through 30 September 2010). During @entity5394 (2011 calendar year), the intervention was implemented in unit A; @entity1 transferred from another unit or hospital were screened selectively. In unit B, all @entity1 were screened throughout @entity5394 . 3GC-RE-related HAI incidence rates were expressed per 1,000 @entity1 -days. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were examined by multivariate Poisson regression modelling. RESULTS: In unit A, 3GC-RE-related HAI incidence rates decreased from 5.4 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.1 to 7.0) during period 1 to 1.3 (95% CI, 0.5 to 2.9) during @entity5394 (P   <   0.001). No changes were observed in unit B between @entity5394 (P   =   0.5). In unit A, the adjusted incidence of 3GC-RE-related @entity580 decreased in @entity5394 compared with period 1 (adjusted @entity12623 , 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9; P   =   0.03) independently of temporal trend, @entity130 and age. No changes were seen in unit B (P   =   0.4). The total number of rectal swabs taken showed an 85% decrease in unit A between @entity5394 (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted screening of 3GC-RE carriers at ICU admission was not associated with an increase in 3GC-RE-related HAI incidence compared with universal screening. Total number of rectal swabs decreased significantly. These findings suggest that targeted screening may be worth assessing as an alternative to universal screening.

title: Targeted screening for third-generation XXXX -resistant Enterobacteriaceae carriage among @entity1 admitted to intensive care units: a quasi-experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5394 :: ('8864', 'Gene') :: ['period 2', 'period 1 and 2', 'periods 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired infections', 'HAIs']

answer: @entity5898 :: (CHEBI:23066,Chemical) :: ['cephalosporin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Identification of third-generation, @entity5898 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae (3GC-RE) carriers by rectal screening at admission seems to be an important step in the prevention of transmission and outbreaks; however, little is known about its effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of 'targeted screening' at @entity1 admission to intensive care units (ICUs) on the incidence of 3GC-RE @entity580 ( @entity580 ) and compare it to 'universal screening'. METHODS: We undertook a quasi-experimental study of two ICUs (unit A: intervention group; unit B: control group) at a university-affiliated hospital between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2011. In unit A, @entity1 were screened universally for 3GC-RE at admission during period 1 (1 January 2008 through 30 September 2010). During @entity5394 (2011 calendar year), the intervention was implemented in unit A; @entity1 transferred from another unit or hospital were screened selectively. In unit B, all @entity1 were screened throughout @entity5394 . 3GC-RE-related HAI incidence rates were expressed per 1,000 @entity1 -days. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were examined by multivariate Poisson regression modelling. RESULTS: In unit A, 3GC-RE-related HAI incidence rates decreased from 5.4 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.1 to 7.0) during period 1 to 1.3 (95% CI, 0.5 to 2.9) during @entity5394 (P   <   0.001). No changes were observed in unit B between @entity5394 (P   =   0.5). In unit A, the adjusted incidence of 3GC-RE-related @entity580 decreased in @entity5394 compared with period 1 (adjusted @entity12623 , 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9; P   =   0.03) independently of temporal trend, @entity130 and age. No changes were seen in unit B (P   =   0.4). The total number of rectal swabs taken showed an 85% decrease in unit A between @entity5394 (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted screening of 3GC-RE carriers at ICU admission was not associated with an increase in 3GC-RE-related HAI incidence compared with universal screening. Total number of rectal swabs decreased significantly. These findings suggest that targeted screening may be worth assessing as an alternative to universal screening.

title: Targeted screening for third-generation @entity5898 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae carriage among XXXX admitted to intensive care units: a quasi-experimental study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the local effect and acute @entity137 of irinotecan and capecitabine with concurrent intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for the treatment of recurrent @entity5 without prior pelvic irradiation. METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 diagnosed with recurrent @entity5 who did not previously receive pelvic irradiation were treated in our hospital from October 2009 to July 2012. Radiotherapy was delivered to the pelvis, and IMRT of 45  Gy (1.8  Gy per fraction), followed by a boost of 10  Gy to 16  Gy (2  Gy per fraction), was delivered to the recurrent sites. The concurrent chemotherapy regimen was 50  mg/m(2) irinotecan weekly and 625  mg/m(2) capecitabine twice daily (Mon-Fri). Radical surgery was recommended for medically fit @entity1 without extra-pelvic @entity3 . The @entity1 were followed up every 3  months. @entity5 response was evaluated using CT/MRIs according to the RECIST criteria or postoperative pathological findings. NCI-CTC 3.0 was used to score the @entity137 . RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity1 (67.6%) had confirmed recurrent @entity5 without extra pelvic @entity3 , and 23 @entity1 (32.4%) had extra pelvic @entity3 . Fourteen @entity1 (19.7%) underwent radical resections (R0) post-chemoradiation. A pathologic complete response was observed in 7 of 14 @entity1 . A clinical complete response was observed in 4 @entity1 (5.6%), and a partial response was observed in 22 @entity1 (31.0%). Only 5 @entity1 (7.0%) showed progressive disease during or shortly after treatment. Of 53 symptomatic @entity1 , clinical complete and partial symptom relief with chemoradiation was achieved in 56.6% and 32.1% of @entity1 , respectively. Only 2 @entity1 (2.8%) experienced grade 4 @entity1431 . The most common grade 3 @entity137 was @entity294 (16 [22.5%] @entity1 ). The median follow-up was 31  months. The cumulative local progression-free survival rate was 74.2% and 33.9% at 1 and 3  years after chemoradiation, respectively. The cumulative total survival rate was 80.1% and 36.5% at 1 and 3  years after chemoradiation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that concurrent irinotecan and capecitabine with IMRT significantly relieves local symptoms and exhibits promising efficacy with manageable @entity137 in recurrent @entity5 without prior pelvic irradiation. Improving the rate of R0 resections will be investigated in a future study.

title: CAPIRI-IMRT: a phase II study of concurrent capecitabine and irinotecan with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for the treatment of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe the effects of antepartum therapy for @entity882 ( @entity882 ) on lifestyle. With the goal of preventing @entity548 in all fetuses without cordocentesis to measure fetal platelets, empiric treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), with or without @entity229 , is recommended. It is hypothesized that these treatments negatively affect @entity1 's lifestyle. This information is needed for pre-conceptual counseling and developing management strategies. METHODS: A survey was mailed to 62 @entity1 treated by one provider from 2005 to 2013 asking if they experienced side effects from IVIG and @entity229 , if their lives were negatively affected, if they would plan another affected pregnancy and if they needed help managing side effects. RESULTS: Three-quarters of 32 respondents reported that the treatments negatively affected their lifestyle. Thirty-one percent of @entity1 would not plan another pregnancy due to their experience and 22% were uncertain. All @entity1 experienced adverse effects and required additional medications or healthcare resources. Ninety-four percent contacted healthcare providers for help managing side effects. CONCLUSION: The significant negative effects on the lifestyle of @entity1 treated for @entity882 emphasizes the need to identify the lowest effective doses and duration of pharmacotherapy and develop management strategies. @entity1 undergoing treatment may need additional healthcare resources, including coordination of care.

title: Effects of antepartum therapy for XXXX on maternal lifestyle.

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['FAIT', 'fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study investigated the role of microRNA (miR)  -138  -5p in regulating @entity189 migration and sensitivity to chemotherapy in @entity788 . Reverse transcription  -quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT  -qPCR) was used to assess the expression levels of miR  -138  -5p in @entity788 cell lines and @entity189 tissues from @entity1 @entity1 . A lentiviral vector, containing miR  -138  -5p mimics (lv  -miR  -138  -m) or miR  -138  -5p inhibitor (lv  -miR  -138  -i), was used to either upregulate or downregulate the expression levels of miR  -138  -5p in PANC  -1 cells, respectively. The effects of miR  -138  -3p regulation on @entity788 cell migration and sensitivity to chemotherapy were examined. The predicted targeting of miR  -138  -5p on @entity2277 ( @entity2277 ) was assessed by western blotting in PANC  -1 cells. @entity2277 was subsequently downregulated using small interfering (si)RNA to determine its effect on miR  -138  -5p  -modulated @entity788 cell development. The expression levels of miR  -138  -5p were downregulated in @entity788 cell lines and @entity189 tissues. In PANC  -1 cells, lentivirus-mediated upregulation of miR  -138  -5p inhibited @entity5 cell migration and increased cell chemosensitivity to @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ). By contrast, downregulation of miR  -138  -5p promoted @entity5 cell migration and decreased cell chemosensitivity to 5  -FU. A luciferase assay revealed that @entity2277 was a direct target of miR  -138  -5p. Western blotting demonstrated that @entity2277 was downregulated upon the upregulation of miR  -138  -5p in PANC  -1 cells. siRNA  -mediated downregulation of @entity2277 inhibited @entity788 cell migration in the control and miR  -138  -5p downregulated PANC  -1 cells. The present study demonstrated that miR  -138  -5p is important in regulating @entity788 development, possibly through targeting @entity2277 .

title: Upregulation of microRNA  -138  -5p inhibits XXXX cell migration and increases chemotherapy sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of intravesical instillations of @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) in the treatment of @entity2335 ( @entity2335 ), and to assess the rate of tolerability, the rate of recurrence of @entity2335 and side effects of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 23 female @entity1 from September 2012 to May 2013, aged 28-42 years. Twenty three @entity1 with a history of @entity2335 , received intravesical instillations of @entity7245 once weekly for 6 weeks then once monthly for 8 months. RESULTS: In 16 (69.6%) of @entity1 , symptoms of @entity2335 resolved after 8 months. In 5 (21.7%) @entity1 after 8 months of @entity7245 treatment, urgency was reduced only by 30%. Therefore, it was decided to use combined therapy of @entity7245 and alpha blockers in this cohort group. There was a specific reduction (75%) in frequent urination at day and at night without urgency. Despite the use of above mentioned treatment, in 2 (8.7%) @entity1 , @entity2335 was still present and therefore the treatment was discontinued. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity7245 protects mucosa of urinary bladder and alleviates symptoms of @entity281 . The intra_vesical instillations of @entity7245 and combination of @entity7245 + alpha blockers seems to be an effective therapeutic alternative in @entity1 with @entity2335 ._nbsp.

title: Treatment of Recurrent XXXX by Intravesical Instillations of Hyaluronic Acid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['RBC', 'recurrent bacterial cystitis']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['hyaluronic acid', 'HA']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['Bacterial Cystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk classification and prediction of prognosis in @entity674 is still a matter of debate. Data on the impact of age and gender as potential confounding factors are limited. Therefore we comprehensively investigated age and gender as independent risk factors for @entity674 . METHODS: Two independent @entity1 cohorts (cohort I, n   =   87 [<50  years]; cohort II, n   =   125 [>= 50  years]) were extracted from the multicentre Ulmer @entity674 registry including a total of 659 @entity674 @entity1 retrospectively collected in 18 collaborative German oncological centers. Based on demographic and clinicopathological parameters and a median follow-up time of 4.3  years (range 0.56; 21.33) @entity66 ( @entity66 ), disease-free-survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. RESULTS: @entity674 @entity1 older than fifty years showed significantly worse @entity66 compared to younger @entity1 (p   =   0.021; HR   =   0.307, 95% CI [0.113; 0.834]). @entity66 was significantly more favorable in younger female @entity674 @entity1 compared with elderly females (p   =   0.008). Female gender resulted again in better prognosis in younger @entity1 (p   =   0.033). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 age (<50  years) and female gender were significantly associated with a more favourable prognosis in @entity674 . Extended studies are warranted to confirm our clinical results and to elucidate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

title: Impact of age and gender on tumor related prognosis in @entity674 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific-survival']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['GIST']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk classification and prediction of prognosis in @entity674 is still a matter of debate. Data on the impact of age and gender as potential confounding factors are limited. Therefore we comprehensively investigated age and gender as independent risk factors for @entity674 . METHODS: Two independent @entity1 cohorts (cohort I, n   =   87 [<50  years]; cohort II, n   =   125 [>= 50  years]) were extracted from the multicentre Ulmer @entity674 registry including a total of 659 @entity674 @entity1 retrospectively collected in 18 collaborative German oncological centers. Based on demographic and clinicopathological parameters and a median follow-up time of 4.3  years (range 0.56; 21.33) @entity66 ( @entity66 ), disease-free-survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. RESULTS: @entity674 @entity1 older than fifty years showed significantly worse @entity66 compared to younger @entity1 (p   =   0.021; HR   =   0.307, 95% CI [0.113; 0.834]). @entity66 was significantly more favorable in younger female @entity674 @entity1 compared with elderly females (p   =   0.008). Female gender resulted again in better prognosis in younger @entity1 (p   =   0.033). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 age (<50  years) and female gender were significantly associated with a more favourable prognosis in @entity674 . Extended studies are warranted to confirm our clinical results and to elucidate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

title: Impact of age and gender on tumor related prognosis in XXXX ( @entity674 ).

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: GPs regard @entity5 guidelines as useful yet criticise their limited applicability to the primary care setting. OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which @entity0 guidelines contain recommendations that are relevant to GPs and to find out which of the GPs' roles in @entity5 care the recommendations refer to. METHODS: Evidence- and consent-based @entity0 guidelines were searched for in guideline databases and selected guideline providers' web pages, and checked against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant recommendations were identified, extracted and examined. The involvement of GPs in guideline development as well as whether they were named as a target group was further investigated. RESULTS: Of the 65 identified guidelines, 35 were eligible and contained recommendations applicable to GPs. GPs were directly involved in the development of the majority of only @entity0 guidelines and were explicitly named as a target group in fewer than 50% of guidelines. The majority of recommendations dealt with @entity1 -physician communication, with a focus on @entity5 therapy. Rarer procedural recommendations predominantly concentrated on follow-up/survivorship care. Less than one-third of all relevant recommendations concerned diagnosis. Only @entity0 guidelines provided a high number of recommendations on transitions between primary and secondary care. CONCLUSION: Greater consideration of GPs would increase their acceptance of guidelines, promote @entity5 care and clarify responsibilities between @entity5 care providers. The GP's role in @entity5 diagnosis is not appropriately reflected in @entity5 guideline recommendations.

title: Relevance to family practice of English-language guidelines on XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'delivery of high-quality cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['English-language breast, colorectal and prostate cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast, colorectal and prostate cancer']


abstract: Sexually experienced male CFHB @entity35 , castrated and implanted with @entity251 , were chronically treated with @entity2211 (ca. 5 mg/kg/day). Twice-weekly tests of sexual behaviour showed a significant elevation of both mount latency and ejaculation latency, and suppression of mounting rate after 2-3 weeks of treatment. The number of mounts and intromissions before ejaculation was increased on some tests by @entity2211 . Experienced male WAG @entity35 , also castrated and @entity251 implanted, received three pituitary grafts under the kidney capsule. An increase in ejaculation latency was seen during the first week and then again several weeks after grafting, though implantation of non-endocrine tissue (muscle) into the controls may also have affected behaviour. Both treatments elevated serum @entity3695 levels, @entity2211 much more substantially than pituitary grafts. Serum @entity251 levels were sustained within the normal intact range by the implants. The weights of the seminal vesicles, ventral prostate and adrenal glands were not significantly altered by either treatment. These experiments show that @entity4089 induced by two independent methods can retard sexual behaviour in male @entity35 .

title: Impaired copulatory behaviour of male @entity35 with XXXX induced by @entity2211 or pituitary grafts.

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']


abstract: Sexually experienced male CFHB @entity35 , castrated and implanted with @entity251 , were chronically treated with @entity2211 (ca. 5 mg/kg/day). Twice-weekly tests of sexual behaviour showed a significant elevation of both mount latency and ejaculation latency, and suppression of mounting rate after 2-3 weeks of treatment. The number of mounts and intromissions before ejaculation was increased on some tests by @entity2211 . Experienced male WAG @entity35 , also castrated and @entity251 implanted, received three pituitary grafts under the kidney capsule. An increase in ejaculation latency was seen during the first week and then again several weeks after grafting, though implantation of non-endocrine tissue (muscle) into the controls may also have affected behaviour. Both treatments elevated serum @entity3695 levels, @entity2211 much more substantially than pituitary grafts. Serum @entity251 levels were sustained within the normal intact range by the implants. The weights of the seminal vesicles, ventral prostate and adrenal glands were not significantly altered by either treatment. These experiments show that @entity4089 induced by two independent methods can retard sexual behaviour in male @entity35 .

title: Impaired copulatory behaviour of male @entity35 with @entity4089 induced by XXXX or pituitary grafts.

answer: @entity2211 :: (MESH:D004294,Chemical) :: ['domperidone']


abstract: Sexually experienced male CFHB @entity35 , castrated and implanted with @entity251 , were chronically treated with @entity2211 (ca. 5 mg/kg/day). Twice-weekly tests of sexual behaviour showed a significant elevation of both mount latency and ejaculation latency, and suppression of mounting rate after 2-3 weeks of treatment. The number of mounts and intromissions before ejaculation was increased on some tests by @entity2211 . Experienced male WAG @entity35 , also castrated and @entity251 implanted, received three pituitary grafts under the kidney capsule. An increase in ejaculation latency was seen during the first week and then again several weeks after grafting, though implantation of non-endocrine tissue (muscle) into the controls may also have affected behaviour. Both treatments elevated serum @entity3695 levels, @entity2211 much more substantially than pituitary grafts. Serum @entity251 levels were sustained within the normal intact range by the implants. The weights of the seminal vesicles, ventral prostate and adrenal glands were not significantly altered by either treatment. These experiments show that @entity4089 induced by two independent methods can retard sexual behaviour in male @entity35 .

title: Impaired copulatory behaviour of male XXXX with @entity4089 induced by @entity2211 or pituitary grafts.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (SSSIs) are frequent settings for antibiotic use. We surveyed their UK aetiology and pathogen susceptibility, including susceptibility to @entity40629 . METHODS: Consecutive SSSI isolates were collected at 35 UK hospitals, to a maximum of 60/site, together with 15 'supplementary' @entity794 /site. Isolates were re-identified and BSAC susceptibility testing was performed, with parallel CLSI agar testing for @entity40629 . RESULTS: Isolates (n=1908) were collected from 1756 hospitalized @entity1 , predominantly with surgical and traumatic infections, abscesses and infected @entity1066 and largely from general medicine and general surgery @entity1 . They included 1271 @entity794 (201 @entity794 ), 162 b-haemolytic streptococci, 269 Enterobacteriaceae, 138 @entity796 and 37 enterococci. Most (944/1756) @entity1 had monomicrobial MSSA infections. Rates of resistance to @entity5176 , @entity801 and @entity2886 were <20% in Enterobacteriaceae and <10% in @entity796 . @entity794 rates varied greatly among hospitals and were 2.5-fold higher in general medicine than in general surgery @entity1 . At breakpoint, @entity40629 inhibited: (i) all MSSA and 97.6% of @entity794 , with MICs of 2 mg/L for the few resistant @entity794 ; (ii) all b-haemolytic streptococci; and (iii) 83% of Enterobacteriaceae. High-level @entity40629 resistance in Enterobacteriaceae involved ESBLs or AmpC enzymes. @entity40629 MICs by CLSI methodology generally equalled those by BSAC or were 2-fold higher, but this differential was 4-16-fold for @entity796 . CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of @entity1 group, SSSIs were dominated by @entity794 . Most pathogens were susceptible, but 15.8% of @entity794 were @entity794 , with locally higher prevalence.

title: Pathogens of skin and skin-structure infections in the UK and their susceptibility to antibiotics, including XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity40629 :: ('MESH:C490727', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftaroline', 'Ceftaroline']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

answer: @entity40629 :: (MESH:C490727,Chemical) :: ['ceftaroline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 relate the @entity2167 with either @entity74 but there might be some other reasons responsible for the ailment of @entity1 that do not have such a background. The present study explains the chronic effect of heavy toxic metals on nervous system. During experimentation, @entity95 used as laboratory animals, were given test metals in their diet. Concentration of metals given to them in the diet was less than their tolerable dietary intake. Behavioral changes were observed during experimentation. Periodic increase in the metal concentration was seen in the blood sample of @entity95 . They were slaughtered after a period of eight months of slow @entity4968 . Histological examination of brain tissues was performed. The brain samples were analyzed by Atomic absorption spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to find the retention of heavy metals in @entity1 brain. Concentration of lead, @entity349 and @entity3409 in the blood samples of occupationally exposed @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity16 at the time of neurosurgery was determined by using the same techniques. During circulation, toxic metals passes through the nerve capillaries to settle down in the brain. Heavy metals cross the blood brain barrier and 'may retain themselves in it. @entity1313 and biopsy samples of @entity1 with @entity16 were also analyzed to relate @entity2359 and heavy metal @entity4968 . Results obtained shows that lead, @entity349 and @entity3409 retain themselves in the brain for longer period of time and are one of the causes of @entity2359 .

title: Report: Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity caused by metal XXXX : Brain as a target organ.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['neural disorders']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inheritance or psychological violence']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Regeneration after surgery can be improved by the administration of anabolic growth factors. However, to locally maintain these factors at the site of regeneration is problematic. The aim of this study was to develop a matrix system containing @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which can be applied to the surgical site and allows the secretion of endogenous healing factors from the cells. @entity460 alginate gels were prepared by a combination of internal and external gelation. The gelling behaviour, mechanical stability, surface adhesive properties and injectability of the gels were investigated. The permeability of the gels for growth factors was analysed using bovine serum albumin and @entity16977 as model proteins. @entity1 MSCs were isolated, cultivated and seeded into the alginate gels. Cell viability was determined by @entity30367 assay and fluorescence microscopy. The release of @entity1 @entity23625 from the cells was determined using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Gels with sufficient mechanical properties were prepared which remained injectable through a syringe and solidified in a sufficient time frame after application. Surface adhesion was improved by the addition of @entity968 300,000 and hyaluronic acid. @entity1 MSCs remained viable for the duration of 6 weeks within the gels. @entity1 @entity23625 was found in quantifiable concentrations in cell culture supernatants of gels loaded with MSCs and incubated for a period of 6 weeks. This work shows that @entity460 alginate gels can function as immobilization matrices for @entity1 MSCs.

title: XXXX Alginate Gels as Stem Cell Matrix - Making Paracrine Stem Cell Activity Available for Enhanced Healing after Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Human', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity30367 :: ('MESH:C005843', 'Chemical') :: ['AlamarBlue']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The pathologic liver changes in chronic @entity712 have been characterized mostly based on autopsy series and include @entity384 and @entity384 progressing to pericellular @entity82 , bridging @entity82 , and ultimately to @entity299 or @entity1463 . Liver biopsies are commonly obtained as part of the work up before heart transplantation in @entity1 with longstanding @entity712 , particularly if @entity843 , @entity409 tests or abnormal abdominal imaging are noted as part of the pre-transplant evaluation. In these cases, the liver biopsy findings may be used to further risk stratify @entity1 for isolated heart or combined heart and liver transplantation. Thus, it is important to be able to correlate the histologic changes with post-transplant outcomes. We report the pathologic and clinical findings in liver explants from six @entity1 who underwent combined heart-liver transplantation. We also report preoperative liver biopsy findings from 21 @entity1 who underwent heart transplantation without simultaneous liver transplantation. We staged the changes related to @entity384 as follows: stage 0-no @entity82 ; stage I-pericellular @entity82 ; stage II-bridging @entity82 ; and stage III-regenerative nodules. Nineteen biopsies showed @entity82 with bridging @entity82 in 13 and regenerative nodules in 6. Fifteen @entity1 were alive at 1 year post transplant. Only three @entity1 had a post-operative course that was characterized by signs and symptoms of @entity409 . Pre-transplant liver biopsies from these @entity1 all showed at least stage II @entity82 . These @entity1 survived for 3, 6, and 10 months after cardiac transplant. The presence of bridging @entity82 was not significantly associated with post-operative survival (P=0.336) or post-operative @entity1578 (P=0.257). We conclude that @entity1 with bridging @entity82 may still be considered viable candidates for isolated heart transplantation. Because the pattern of @entity82 due to passive @entity384 is highly variable throughout the liver, a diagnosis of @entity82 , which implies @entity82 and regenerative nodules throughout the liver, should be made with great caution on biopsy.

title: The liver in XXXX : a biopsy and explant series of the histopathologic and laboratory findings with a particular focus on pre-cardiac transplant evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['sinusoidal dilation', 'chronic passive congestion', 'congestion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function', 'chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac cirrhosis']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Energy drinks are popular mixers with @entity285 . While energy drinks contain many ingredients, @entity5834 is an important pharmacologically active component and is generally present in larger amounts than in other caffeinated beverages. In these studies, we investigated the hypothesis that @entity5834 would influence the effects of @entity285 ( @entity1068 [ @entity167 ]) on conditioned taste aversion (CTA), @entity2055 , and locomotor activity (LA) after repeated exposure. METHODS: Four groups of @entity19 were exposed by oral gavage twice daily to vehicle, @entity167 (4  g/kg), @entity5834 (15  mg/kg), or the @entity167 / @entity5834 combination. CTA to @entity8021 and @entity2055 in the parallel rod task was evaluated after 8 or 16 gavages, respectively, using @entity167 (1 to 3  g/kg) or @entity167 / @entity5834 (3  mg/kg  +  2  g/kg) challenges. In addition, LA was evaluated initially and after repeated exposure to oral gavage of these drugs and doses. RESULTS: Repeated oral gavage of @entity167 produced significant locomotor sensitization, with those @entity19 increasing total distance traveled by 2-fold. The locomotor response to @entity5834 , while significantly greater than vehicle gavage, did not change with repeated exposure. On the other hand, repeated gavage of @entity5834 / @entity167 combination produced a substantial increase in total distance traveled after repeated exposure (~4-fold increase). After repeated @entity167 exposure, there was significant tolerance to @entity167 in the CTA and parallel rod tests. However, neither a history of @entity5834 exposure nor including @entity5834 influenced @entity167 -induced CTA. Interestingly, a history of @entity5834 exposure increased the ataxic response to the @entity5834 / @entity167 combination and appeared to reduce the ataxic response to high doses of @entity167 . CONCLUSIONS: The data support the general hypothesis that repeated exposure to @entity5834 influences the response to @entity167 . Together with previously published work, these data indicate that @entity5834 influences some @entity167 -related behaviors, notably locomotion and @entity2055 , but appears not to influence the expression of conditioned behaviors.

title: Sensitization and Tolerance Following Repeated Exposure to @entity5834 and XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Energy drinks are popular mixers with @entity285 . While energy drinks contain many ingredients, @entity5834 is an important pharmacologically active component and is generally present in larger amounts than in other caffeinated beverages. In these studies, we investigated the hypothesis that @entity5834 would influence the effects of @entity285 ( @entity1068 [ @entity167 ]) on conditioned taste aversion (CTA), @entity2055 , and locomotor activity (LA) after repeated exposure. METHODS: Four groups of @entity19 were exposed by oral gavage twice daily to vehicle, @entity167 (4  g/kg), @entity5834 (15  mg/kg), or the @entity167 / @entity5834 combination. CTA to @entity8021 and @entity2055 in the parallel rod task was evaluated after 8 or 16 gavages, respectively, using @entity167 (1 to 3  g/kg) or @entity167 / @entity5834 (3  mg/kg  +  2  g/kg) challenges. In addition, LA was evaluated initially and after repeated exposure to oral gavage of these drugs and doses. RESULTS: Repeated oral gavage of @entity167 produced significant locomotor sensitization, with those @entity19 increasing total distance traveled by 2-fold. The locomotor response to @entity5834 , while significantly greater than vehicle gavage, did not change with repeated exposure. On the other hand, repeated gavage of @entity5834 / @entity167 combination produced a substantial increase in total distance traveled after repeated exposure (~4-fold increase). After repeated @entity167 exposure, there was significant tolerance to @entity167 in the CTA and parallel rod tests. However, neither a history of @entity5834 exposure nor including @entity5834 influenced @entity167 -induced CTA. Interestingly, a history of @entity5834 exposure increased the ataxic response to the @entity5834 / @entity167 combination and appeared to reduce the ataxic response to high doses of @entity167 . CONCLUSIONS: The data support the general hypothesis that repeated exposure to @entity5834 influences the response to @entity167 . Together with previously published work, these data indicate that @entity5834 influences some @entity167 -related behaviors, notably locomotion and @entity2055 , but appears not to influence the expression of conditioned behaviors.

title: Sensitization and Tolerance Following Repeated Exposure to XXXX and @entity285 in @entity19 .

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['Caffeine']