abstract: RATIONALE: @entity6108 analogues are antineoplastic agents, designed based on the structure of the spice turmeric with structural modifications aiming at enhancing potency. The goal is to identify the common tandem mass spectrometric ( @entity15 / @entity15 ) behavior of 13 novel @entity6108 analogues. Such knowledge is critical for their biological assessment, including metabolite identification and pharmacokinetic evaluation. METHODS: Both detection of the protonated molecules [M   +   H](+) of the synthesized compounds and determination of their exact molecular masses were achieved with hybrid quadrupole orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QqTOF- @entity15 ). Low-energy @entity4785 ( @entity4785 )- @entity15 / @entity15 analysis was performed using triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (QqLIT- @entity15 ). Both instruments were equipped with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. @entity15 (3) and neutral loss experiments were performed using QqLIT- @entity15 to confirm the genesis of the observed product ions. RESULTS: Abundant [M   +   H](+) molecules were formed using the QqTOF- @entity15 hybrid instrument with mass accuracies below 6  ppm. @entity4785 - @entity15 / @entity15 dissociation studies were centered on the @entity71273 ring of @entity6108 analogues; twelve common product ions have been identified from the fission of the various bonds within the @entity71273 moiety. There was a tendency for the formation of highly conjugated product ions, stabilized via resonance. The variety of the side-chain substituents at the @entity1568 atom resulted in side-chain-specific product ions. CONCLUSIONS: The ESI- @entity4785 - @entity15 / @entity15 analysis of @entity6108 analogues revealed a common fragmentation behavior of all tested compounds, which gave diagnostic product ions identified for each molecule. The established @entity15 / @entity15 behavior will be applied to determine metabolic by-products of @entity6108 analogues as well as to develop targeted identification/quantification methods within biological extracts. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Establishment of tandem mass spectrometric fingerprint of novel antineoplastic XXXX analogues using electrospray ionization.

entities_list: @entity71273 :: ('CHEBI:48589', 'Chemical') :: ['piperidone']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['collision-induced dissociation', 'CID']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['Curcumin', 'curcumin']

answer: @entity6108 :: (MESH:D003474,Chemical) :: ['curcumin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate HRCT scans of the chest in 22 @entity1 with @entity2072 -induced @entity358 . METHODS: We included @entity1 between 19 and 52 years of age. The HRCT scans were evaluated by two radiologists independently, discordant results being resolved by consensus. The inclusion criterion was an HRCT scan showing abnormalities that were temporally related to @entity2072 use, with no other apparent causal factors. RESULTS: In 8 @entity1 (36.4%), the clinical and tomographic findings were consistent with "crack lung", those cases being studied separately. The major HRCT findings in that subgroup of @entity1 included ground-glass opacities, in 100% of the cases; consolidations, in 50%; and the halo sign, in 25%. In 12.5% of the cases, smooth septal thickening, @entity2415 , centrilobular nodules, and the tree-in-bud pattern were identified. Among the remaining 14 @entity1 (63.6%), @entity11283 was identified in 3 cases, presenting as @entity14303 , pneumothorax, and hemopneumothorax, respectively. Talcosis, characterized as perihilar conglomerate masses, architectural distortion, and @entity2415 , was diagnosed in 3 @entity1 . Other patterns were found less frequently: organizing @entity55 and @entity2415 , in 2 @entity1 each; and @entity8995 , @entity887 , @entity5930 , and @entity3126 , in 1 @entity1 each. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary changes induced by @entity2072 use are varied and nonspecific. The diagnostic suspicion of @entity2072 -induced @entity358 depends, in most of the cases, on a careful drawing of correlations between clinical and radiological findings.

title: XXXX -induced pulmonary changes: HRCT findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarction']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['bullous emphysema', 'paraseptal emphysema', 'emphysema']

entities_list: @entity14303 :: ('MESH:D008478', 'Disease') :: ['pneumomediastinum']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['septic embolism']

entities_list: @entity11283 :: ('MESH:D001469', 'Disease') :: ['barotrauma']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['Cocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Proprioceptive imprecision is believed to contribute to persistent @entity158 . Detecting imprecision in order to study or treat it remains challenging given the limitations of current tests. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether proprioceptive imprecision could be detected in @entity1 with @entity4048 by testing their ability to identify incongruence between true head motion and a false visual reference using the @entity3325 ( @entity3325 ) Test. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity4048 and 24 matched controls repeatedly rotated to specific markers within a virtual world and indicated if their true @entity717 was more or less than the rotation suggested by the visual feedback. Visual feedback was manipulated at 6 corrections, ranging from 60% of true movement to 140% of true movement. A standard repositioning error (RPE) test as undertaken for comparison. RESULTS: Healthy controls were better able to detect incongruence between vision and true @entity717 (X  =75.6%, SD=8.5%) than @entity1 with @entity4048 were (X  =69.6%, SD=12.7%). The RPE test scores were not different between groups. The @entity3325 Test score related to self-reported @entity158 intensity but did not relate to RPE test score. LIMITATIONS: Causality cannot be established from this cross-sectional study, and further work refining the @entity3325 Test is needed for it to offer clinical utility. CONCLUSIONS: Proprioceptive precision for neck movement appears worse in @entity1 with @entity4048 than in those without @entity4048 , and the extent of the deficit appears to be related to @entity158 severity. The @entity3325 Test appears to be a more sensitive test than the RPE test and is likely to be useful for assessment of proprioceptive function in research and clinical settings.

title: Neck @entity158 and Proprioception Revisited Using the XXXX Test.

entities_list: @entity3325 :: ('MESH:D020886', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'Proprioception Incongruence Detection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'usual pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotation']

answer: @entity3325 :: (MESH:D020886,Disease) :: ['Proprioception Incongruence Detection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Proprioceptive imprecision is believed to contribute to persistent @entity158 . Detecting imprecision in order to study or treat it remains challenging given the limitations of current tests. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether proprioceptive imprecision could be detected in @entity1 with @entity4048 by testing their ability to identify incongruence between true head motion and a false visual reference using the @entity3325 ( @entity3325 ) Test. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity4048 and 24 matched controls repeatedly rotated to specific markers within a virtual world and indicated if their true @entity717 was more or less than the rotation suggested by the visual feedback. Visual feedback was manipulated at 6 corrections, ranging from 60% of true movement to 140% of true movement. A standard repositioning error (RPE) test as undertaken for comparison. RESULTS: Healthy controls were better able to detect incongruence between vision and true @entity717 (X  =75.6%, SD=8.5%) than @entity1 with @entity4048 were (X  =69.6%, SD=12.7%). The RPE test scores were not different between groups. The @entity3325 Test score related to self-reported @entity158 intensity but did not relate to RPE test score. LIMITATIONS: Causality cannot be established from this cross-sectional study, and further work refining the @entity3325 Test is needed for it to offer clinical utility. CONCLUSIONS: Proprioceptive precision for neck movement appears worse in @entity1 with @entity4048 than in those without @entity4048 , and the extent of the deficit appears to be related to @entity158 severity. The @entity3325 Test appears to be a more sensitive test than the RPE test and is likely to be useful for assessment of proprioceptive function in research and clinical settings.

title: Neck XXXX and Proprioception Revisited Using the @entity3325 Test.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity788 stromal microenvironment is considered to be the major reason for failure of conventional and targeted therapy for this disease. The @entity2269 , comprising mainly collagen and glycosaminoglycans like hyaluronan (HA), is responsible for compression of vasculature in the @entity5 resulting in @entity73 and poor prognosis. @entity68586 , a water-soluble prodrug of @entity9367 currently in phase I clinical trial, has been very effective in multiple animal models of @entity788 . However, whether @entity68586 will have efficacious delivery into the @entity5 despite the @entity2269 has not been evaluated before. EXPERIMENT DESIGN: @entity1 @entity5 -derived xenografts (PDX) and spontaneous @entity788 @entity19 were treated with 0.42 and 0.21 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. Stromal components were determined by IHC and ELISA-based assays. Vascular functionality and drug delivery to the @entity5 were assessed following treatment with @entity68586 . RESULT: Our current study shows that treatment with @entity68586 resulted in @entity2483 and collagen in the @entity788 stroma of both the spontaneous KPC @entity19 as well as in @entity1 @entity5 xenografts. Furthermore, treatment with @entity68586 improved functional vasculature in the @entity5 resulting in four times more functional vessels in the treated animals compared with untreated animals. Consistent with this observation, @entity68586 also resulted in increased drug delivery into the @entity5 compared with untreated animals. Along with this, @entity68586 also decreased viability of the stromal cells along with the @entity5 cells in @entity788 . CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, these results are extremely promising as they indicate that @entity68586 , along with having anticancer effects is also able to deplete stroma in @entity788 , which makes it an effective therapy for @entity788 . Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 415-25.   2015 AACR.

title: Impaired Synthesis of Stromal Components in Response to XXXX Improves Vascular Function, Drug Delivery, and Survival in @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors', 'Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired drug delivery']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic stroma']

entities_list: @entity9367 :: ('MESH:C001899', 'Chemical') :: ['triptolide']

entities_list: @entity68586 :: ('MESH:C579022', 'Chemical') :: ['Minnelide']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of ECM components like HA']

answer: @entity68586 :: (MESH:C579022,Chemical) :: ['Minnelide']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity788 stromal microenvironment is considered to be the major reason for failure of conventional and targeted therapy for this disease. The @entity2269 , comprising mainly collagen and glycosaminoglycans like hyaluronan (HA), is responsible for compression of vasculature in the @entity5 resulting in @entity73 and poor prognosis. @entity68586 , a water-soluble prodrug of @entity9367 currently in phase I clinical trial, has been very effective in multiple animal models of @entity788 . However, whether @entity68586 will have efficacious delivery into the @entity5 despite the @entity2269 has not been evaluated before. EXPERIMENT DESIGN: @entity1 @entity5 -derived xenografts (PDX) and spontaneous @entity788 @entity19 were treated with 0.42 and 0.21 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. Stromal components were determined by IHC and ELISA-based assays. Vascular functionality and drug delivery to the @entity5 were assessed following treatment with @entity68586 . RESULT: Our current study shows that treatment with @entity68586 resulted in @entity2483 and collagen in the @entity788 stroma of both the spontaneous KPC @entity19 as well as in @entity1 @entity5 xenografts. Furthermore, treatment with @entity68586 improved functional vasculature in the @entity5 resulting in four times more functional vessels in the treated animals compared with untreated animals. Consistent with this observation, @entity68586 also resulted in increased drug delivery into the @entity5 compared with untreated animals. Along with this, @entity68586 also decreased viability of the stromal cells along with the @entity5 cells in @entity788 . CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, these results are extremely promising as they indicate that @entity68586 , along with having anticancer effects is also able to deplete stroma in @entity788 , which makes it an effective therapy for @entity788 . Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 415-25.   2015 AACR.

title: Impaired Synthesis of Stromal Components in Response to @entity68586 Improves Vascular Function, Drug Delivery, and Survival in XXXX .

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: Four hundred @entity1 with @entity118 treated surgically were reviewed. Thirty five (8.7%) developed arrhytmias post-surgery which persisted for over a year. Sinus @entity1168 was found in 10 @entity1 , nodal rhythm in 21, and atrial fibrilation and flutter in 4 @entity1 . Thirty five per cent of the @entity1 with late @entity943 developed related symptomatology. In 14 @entity1 the function of the sinus node was studied with electrical stimulation of the atrium and with His registry. The interatrial conduction time, AV node and His Purkinje were analized employing various stimulation frequencies. All the cases studied had normal intra-atrial conduction; the response of the atrio-ventricular node to increasing frequencies was normal, an the intraventricular conduction remained constant. In 8 @entity1 (52%), alterations of the sinus node were found; these consisted of prolonged post-stimulation pauses, @entity9765 and suppression of sinus automatism employing vagal procedures or through electrical stimulation. A @entity1 with severe @entity1168 detected by dynamic electrocardiography had to be treated with a permanent pacemaker. We confirm that these arrhytmias are not produced by lesions of the internodal tracts, and that an alteration of the sinus node is frequent without a concomitant lesion of the intraventricular pathway. The lesion to the nutrient artery could be due to @entity130 and/or surgically induced. The response to anticholinergic drugs was good. Prolonged observation of these @entity1 could increase the morbility of these arrythmias and raise doubts of the surgical indications in cases with moderate hemodynamic repercussion.

title: [Late XXXX in the operated interatrial communication. Analysis of sinus node function and the conduction pathways by His bundle electrocardiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9765 :: ('MESH:D012848', 'Disease') :: ["Wenckebach's type sinoatrial block"]

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: 1. Disaccharidase activities of the small and large intestines of the @entity1573 were studied. 2. Homogenates of the small intestine readily hydrolysed @entity7969 , @entity969 and @entity70475 ( @entity70475 ), hydrolysed @entity1132 slowly and did not hydrolyse @entity7970 and cellobiose. 3. Within the small intestine the disaccharidases were located mainly in the intestinal wall; the activity in the contents accounted for less than 5% of the total activity. 4. The disaccharidases were non-uniformly distributed along the small intestine, the activities being greatest in the middle section. 5. The disaccharidase activities increased with age between 1 and 43 days. 6. Homogenates of the large intestine and contents readily hydrolysed @entity7969 , @entity969 , @entity70475 and @entity1132 and hydrolysed @entity8692 and @entity7970 slowly. 7. The large-intestinal disaccharidases were located mainly in the contents. 8. Similar K(m) and pH optimum values were found for the maltase, sucrase and palatinase activities of the large and small intestines. 9. The lactase activity of the large intestine was markedly affected by diet and had different K(m) and pH values from the small intestinal lactase. 10. Low activities of intestinal disaccharidase were found in 12-day-old embryos and marked increases in the intestinal disaccharidases of the developing embryo occurred 2-3 days before hatching.

title: Intestinal disaccharidase activities in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose']

entities_list: @entity70475 :: ('MESH:C008189', 'Chemical') :: ['palatinose', '6-O-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-d-fructose']

entities_list: @entity8692 :: ('MESH:D002475', 'Chemical') :: ['cellobiose']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: Until recently, @entity774 came to clinical attention either from local symptoms due to massive enlargement or from manifestations of excess hormones production. During the last year, an adrenal mass was identified as an incidental finding in nine @entity1 undergoing abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scanning for unrelated problems. These five @entity1 and four @entity1 ranged in age from 41 to 73 years. Eight were @entity101 . After the CT scan, each was evaluated for @entity2922 or @entity134 hypersecretion. Only one had clearly elevated urinary @entity17081 , @entity6533 , and @entity2922 levels. Equivocal evidence of @entity2922 excess was seen in five @entity1 who had slight elevation of one urinary metabolite or of plasma @entity1425 or @entity1063 levels. Three @entity1 had no evidence of medullary or cortical @entity6392 on repeated testing. Eight @entity1 were good operative risks and underwent unilateral adrenalectomy without complication. Masses ranging in size from 1 to 4 cm were found in each. These included four cortical @entity652 , two @entity17640 , one @entity362 , and one @entity1911 . The @entity1911 occurred in the @entity1 with strong biochemical evidence of disease. With wider application of CT imaging, increasing numbers of asymptomatic @entity774 will be detected. Care in interpreting the clinical significance of these masses and caution in recommending treatment are required.

title: Incidental asymptomatic XXXX detected by computed tomographic scanning. Is operation required?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal lipoma']

entities_list: @entity17081 :: ('MESH:D014642', 'Chemical') :: ['vanillylmandelic acid']

entities_list: @entity6533 :: ('MESH:D008676', 'Chemical') :: ['metanephrine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity17640 :: ('MESH:C538015', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal cysts']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['hyperfunction']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal masses']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['adrenal masses']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine, using competing risks regression, differences in cancer-specific mortality (CSM) that might distinguish between local @entity5 ablation (LTA) and observation (OBS) for @entity1 with @entity703 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study focused on 1 860 @entity1 with cT1a @entity703 treated with either LTA or OBS between 2000 and 2009 in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare database. Propensity-score matching was used. The study outcome was CSM. Multivariable competing risks regression analyses, adjusting for other-cause mortality as well as @entity1 (including comorbidities) and @entity5 characteristics, were fitted. RESULTS: Overall, fewer @entity1 underwent LTA than OBS (30 vs 70%; n = 553 vs n = 1 307). Compared with @entity1 in the OBS group, those in the LTA group were younger (median age 77 vs 78 years; P < 0.001), more likely to be white (84 vs 78%; P = 0.005), more frequently married (59 vs 52%; P = 0.02) and more frequently of high socio-economic status (54 vs 45%; P = 0.001). After propensity-score matching, 553 @entity1 who underwent LTA and 553 who underwent OBS remained for subsequent analyses. The mean standardized differences of @entity1 characteristics between the two groups were <10%, indicating a high degree of similarity. After LTA or OBS, the 5-year CSM estimates from Poisson regression-derived smoothed plots were 3.5 and 9.1%, respectively. In multivariable competing risks regression analyses, LTA use was found to have a protective effect on CSM (hazard ratio 0.47 [95% confidence interval 0.25-0.89]; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: After adjustment for @entity5 characteristics in elderly @entity1 with @entity703 , LTA was associated with a clinically and statistically significant protective effect on CSM, compared with OBS. This advantage of LTA deserves consideration when obtaining informed consent.

title: Population-based assessment of cancer-specific mortality after local @entity5 ablation or observation for XXXX : a competing risks analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['comorbidity and tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine, using competing risks regression, differences in cancer-specific mortality (CSM) that might distinguish between local @entity5 ablation (LTA) and observation (OBS) for @entity1 with @entity703 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study focused on 1 860 @entity1 with cT1a @entity703 treated with either LTA or OBS between 2000 and 2009 in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare database. Propensity-score matching was used. The study outcome was CSM. Multivariable competing risks regression analyses, adjusting for other-cause mortality as well as @entity1 (including comorbidities) and @entity5 characteristics, were fitted. RESULTS: Overall, fewer @entity1 underwent LTA than OBS (30 vs 70%; n = 553 vs n = 1 307). Compared with @entity1 in the OBS group, those in the LTA group were younger (median age 77 vs 78 years; P < 0.001), more likely to be white (84 vs 78%; P = 0.005), more frequently married (59 vs 52%; P = 0.02) and more frequently of high socio-economic status (54 vs 45%; P = 0.001). After propensity-score matching, 553 @entity1 who underwent LTA and 553 who underwent OBS remained for subsequent analyses. The mean standardized differences of @entity1 characteristics between the two groups were <10%, indicating a high degree of similarity. After LTA or OBS, the 5-year CSM estimates from Poisson regression-derived smoothed plots were 3.5 and 9.1%, respectively. In multivariable competing risks regression analyses, LTA use was found to have a protective effect on CSM (hazard ratio 0.47 [95% confidence interval 0.25-0.89]; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: After adjustment for @entity5 characteristics in elderly @entity1 with @entity703 , LTA was associated with a clinically and statistically significant protective effect on CSM, compared with OBS. This advantage of LTA deserves consideration when obtaining informed consent.

title: Population-based assessment of cancer-specific mortality after local XXXX ablation or observation for @entity703 : a competing risks analysis.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The strategy for mitral valve (MV) repair has recently focused on the restoration of the submitral apparatus. However, the relationship between geometric changes of the submitral apparatus and the mitral leaflets has not been systematically investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships among @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ) and LV size and leaflet surface area (LSA) in normal subjects, @entity1 with primary (degenerative) @entity339 (PMR), and @entity1 with functional (secondary) @entity339 (FMR). METHODS: A total of 72 @entity1 who underwent three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, including: 27 with PMR with isolated P2 flail leaflet, 25 with FMR with greater than mild @entity339 , and 20 with normal mitral valves. LSA was quantified at midsystole from full-volume midesophageal views. @entity3656 was calculated by averaging the lengths of eight primary chords from transgastric full-volume data sets using multiplanar reconstruction. RESULTS: Both @entity3656 and LSA in the PMR group were significantly longer compared with the FMR and normal control groups. No difference in @entity3656 was noted between @entity1 with FMR and normal subjects. In all three groups, @entity3656 and LSA did not correlate with LV systolic or diastolic dimensions. Although @entity3656 did not correlate with LSA in the FMR group, a moderate correlation (R  =  0.62) was observed in the PMR group. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with FMR with greater than mild @entity339 , the chords retain normal length, despite LSA and LV enlargement. In @entity1 with PMR with flail P2 scallops, @entity3656 elongation of primary chords is associated with larger LSA but not with LV dimensions. This information may have implications for clinical strategies for mitral valve repair surgery, including the submitral approach and percutaneous procedures.

title: Leaflet-Chordal Relations in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['chordal length', 'CL']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Primary and Secondary Mitral Regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The strategy for mitral valve (MV) repair has recently focused on the restoration of the submitral apparatus. However, the relationship between geometric changes of the submitral apparatus and the mitral leaflets has not been systematically investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships among @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ) and LV size and leaflet surface area (LSA) in normal subjects, @entity1 with primary (degenerative) @entity339 (PMR), and @entity1 with functional (secondary) @entity339 (FMR). METHODS: A total of 72 @entity1 who underwent three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, including: 27 with PMR with isolated P2 flail leaflet, 25 with FMR with greater than mild @entity339 , and 20 with normal mitral valves. LSA was quantified at midsystole from full-volume midesophageal views. @entity3656 was calculated by averaging the lengths of eight primary chords from transgastric full-volume data sets using multiplanar reconstruction. RESULTS: Both @entity3656 and LSA in the PMR group were significantly longer compared with the FMR and normal control groups. No difference in @entity3656 was noted between @entity1 with FMR and normal subjects. In all three groups, @entity3656 and LSA did not correlate with LV systolic or diastolic dimensions. Although @entity3656 did not correlate with LSA in the FMR group, a moderate correlation (R  =  0.62) was observed in the PMR group. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with FMR with greater than mild @entity339 , the chords retain normal length, despite LSA and LV enlargement. In @entity1 with PMR with flail P2 scallops, @entity3656 elongation of primary chords is associated with larger LSA but not with LV dimensions. This information may have implications for clinical strategies for mitral valve repair surgery, including the submitral approach and percutaneous procedures.

title: Leaflet-Chordal Relations in XXXX with @entity339 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It remains controversial whether the additional Braun enteroenterostomy ( @entity5157 ) is necessary in decreasing delayed @entity356 (DGE) following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy of the additional @entity5157 in reducing DGE after PD. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Science Citation Index and The Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies. Articles published before May 15, 2015 comparing @entity5157 with traditional gastrojejunostomy during PD were selected. The evaluated end points consist of intro-operative outcomes as well as @entity260 . RESULTS: Seven observational clinical studies that recruited 1401 @entity1 were included. This meta-analysis indicated that the occurrence of DGE was lower in Braun group (odds ratio [OR], 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.60; P  =  0.0007). Overall morbidity (OR, 0.61; 95%CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P  =  0.0003) and the length of hospital stay (LOS) (weighted mean difference [WMD],  -1.80; 95%CI,  -3.4 to  -0.18; p  =  0.03) were also in favor of the Braun group. However, Braun group had no advantage over Non-Braun group in terms of intra-operative @entity190 , mortality, @entity3472 , bile Leakage and @entity6177 . CONCLUSION: The additional of @entity5157 plays an important role in reducing DGE, overall morbidity and LOS.

title: Braun enteroenterostomy reduces delayed XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric emptying']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Health care providers add multiple processes to the care of complex @entity5 @entity1 , believing they prevent and/or ameliorate complications. However, the relationship between these processes, complication remediation, and expenditures is unknown. METHODS: Data for @entity1 with @entity5 diagnoses undergoing colectomy, rectal resection, pulmonary lobectomy, pneumonectomy, esophagectomy, and pancreatic resection were obtained from hospital and inpatient physician Medicare claims for the years 2005-2009. Risk-adjusted regression analyses measured the association between hospitalization costs and processes presumed to prevent and/or remedy complications common to high-risk procedures. RESULTS: After controlling for comorbidities, analysis identified associations between increased costs and use of multiple processes, including arterial lines (4-12% higher; P   <   0.001) and pulmonary artery catheters (23-33% higher; P   <   0.001). Epidural analgesia was not associated with higher costs. Consultations were associated with 24-44% (P   <   0.001) higher costs, and total parenteral nutrition was associated with 13-31% higher costs (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Many frequently utilized processes and services presumed to avoid and/or ameliorate complications are associated with increased surgical oncology costs. This suggests that the @entity1 -centered value of each process should be measured on a procedure-specific basis. Likewise, further attention should be focused on defining the efficacy of each of these costly, but frequently unproven, additions to perioperative care. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:610-615.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Impact of processes of care aimed at complication reduction on the cost of complex XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) sometimes develop @entity82 and cavitation. It has been suggested that one causative factor is reduced apical ventilation due to @entity2003 of the thoracic cage. We measured regional ventilation in 27 @entity1 with @entity1691 and 18 normal volunteers. Twelve @entity1 (Group A) had chest expansion greater than 2 cm, twelve (Group B) had chest expansion of 2 cm or less and three (Group C) had @entity358 on chest radiographs; @entity1 in Groups A and B had no radiographic lung lesions. Ventilation per unit volume (VE/VA @entity1009 ) was calculated from 81Krm washout curves. The ratio of upper zone to lower zone ventilation (VR) was calculated. VR in Group A (0.74 +/- 0.11) and group B (0.75 +/- 0.12) was not significantly different from VR in controls (0.76 +/- 0.08). There was no significant correlation between VR and FVC, FEV1 or maximal chest expansion. In @entity1 with apical @entity82 only the radiographically abnormal areas had reduced ventilation. @entity1 with @entity1691 do not underventilate the upper zones of the lungs except in the presence of radiographically visible @entity82 .

title: Regional lung ventilation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'apical lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['apical lung lesions']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Autophagy is triggered in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of diseased arterial vessels. However, the role of VSMC autophagy in @entity65 is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of defective autophagy on VSMC survival and phenotype and its significance in the development of @entity8233 and @entity731 . Tissue-specific deletion of the essential autophagy gene @entity30527 in @entity19 VSMCs ( @entity30527 (-/-) VSMCs) caused accumulation of @entity42066 / @entity42066 and accelerated the development of stress-induced premature senescence as shown by cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, @entity3842 -RB-mediated G1 proliferative arrest and senescence-associated @entity71274 activity. Transfection of @entity42066 -encoding plasmid DNA in @entity30527 (+/+) VSMCs induced similar features, suggesting that accumulation of @entity42066 promotes VSMC senescence. Interestingly, @entity30527 (-/-) VSMCs were resistant to oxidative stress-induced cell death as compared to controls. This effect was attributed to nuclear translocation of the transcription factor @entity10182 resulting in upregulation of several antioxidative enzymes. In vivo, defective VSMC autophagy led to upregulation of @entity1235 , @entity641 and @entity19149 and promoted @entity8233 and diet-induced @entity731 . Lesions of VSMC-specific @entity30527 knockout @entity19 were characterized by increased total collagen deposition, nuclear hypertrophy, @entity3842 upregulation, @entity995 , and @entity71274 activity, all features typical of cellular senescence. To conclude, autophagy is crucial for VSMC function, phenotype, and survival. Defective autophagy in VSMCs accelerates senescence and promotes ligation-induced @entity8233 formation and diet-induced @entity731 , implying that autophagy inhibition as therapeutic strategy in the treatment of neointimal @entity850 and @entity731 would be unfavorable. Conversely, stimulation of autophagy could be a valuable new strategy in the treatment of @entity455 .

title: Defective autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells accelerates senescence and promotes XXXX formation and @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['RB hypophosphorylation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['postinjury neointima formation', 'neointima']

answer: @entity8233 :: (MESH:D058426,Disease) :: ['neointima']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Autophagy is triggered in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of diseased arterial vessels. However, the role of VSMC autophagy in @entity65 is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of defective autophagy on VSMC survival and phenotype and its significance in the development of @entity8233 and @entity731 . Tissue-specific deletion of the essential autophagy gene @entity30527 in @entity19 VSMCs ( @entity30527 (-/-) VSMCs) caused accumulation of @entity42066 / @entity42066 and accelerated the development of stress-induced premature senescence as shown by cellular and nuclear hypertrophy, @entity3842 -RB-mediated G1 proliferative arrest and senescence-associated @entity71274 activity. Transfection of @entity42066 -encoding plasmid DNA in @entity30527 (+/+) VSMCs induced similar features, suggesting that accumulation of @entity42066 promotes VSMC senescence. Interestingly, @entity30527 (-/-) VSMCs were resistant to oxidative stress-induced cell death as compared to controls. This effect was attributed to nuclear translocation of the transcription factor @entity10182 resulting in upregulation of several antioxidative enzymes. In vivo, defective VSMC autophagy led to upregulation of @entity1235 , @entity641 and @entity19149 and promoted @entity8233 and diet-induced @entity731 . Lesions of VSMC-specific @entity30527 knockout @entity19 were characterized by increased total collagen deposition, nuclear hypertrophy, @entity3842 upregulation, @entity995 , and @entity71274 activity, all features typical of cellular senescence. To conclude, autophagy is crucial for VSMC function, phenotype, and survival. Defective autophagy in VSMCs accelerates senescence and promotes ligation-induced @entity8233 formation and diet-induced @entity731 , implying that autophagy inhibition as therapeutic strategy in the treatment of neointimal @entity850 and @entity731 would be unfavorable. Conversely, stimulation of autophagy could be a valuable new strategy in the treatment of @entity455 .

title: Defective autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells accelerates senescence and promotes @entity8233 formation and XXXX .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherogenesis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to determine the incidence of oral soft tissue @entity130 during classic direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation and the risk factors associated with it. DESIGN: This is a prospective observational study. SETTING: The setting is at a ward. @entity1 : The @entity1 are adults submitted to elective interventions in general surgery requiring tracheal intubation by classic direct laryngoscopy. INTERVENTIONS: During 6 months, all @entity1 were interviewed 12-24 hours before anesthesia and after surgery and underwent a detailed oral examination performed by an anesthesiology blind to anesthetic management details and preoperative @entity1 care. MEASUREMENTS: Evaluation of oral soft tissue @entity130 includes oral mucosa including the gums; the @entity133 in the edentulous @entity1 , @entity5932 . Injury severity was assessed using the severity scale presented routinely in Portuguese legal medicine research: grade 0, no @entity130 had; grade 1, mild severity @entity130 ; grade 2, medium severity @entity130 ; and grade 3, major severity @entity130 . MAIN RESULTS: Soft tissue @entity130 was observed in 278 (52.1%) @entity1 . @entity3145 occurred once in 204 (38.2%) @entity1 , 2 in 64 (38.2%) @entity1 , and 3 times in 10 (1.9%) @entity1 . @entity5773 was the most common type of soft tissue @entity130 (36.3%) followed by @entity3306 (22.3%), @entity3306 (7.1%), and @entity5932 (2.1%). All the lesions were grade 1 or 2. Only @entity5932 was found to be associated with age group (P = .021). CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals a high incidence of lesions grade 1 or 2 in soft tissue.

title: Soft tissue XXXX after direct laryngoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['Tongue injury']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['Soft tissue injury']

entities_list: @entity3306 :: ('MESH:D008047', 'Disease') :: ['upper lip injury', 'lower lip injury']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosa injury', 'palate, and the buccal mucosa; lips (mucosa and skin); and the tongue']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar mucosa']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity548 ( @entity548 ) is a rare but potentially catastrophic manifestation with a high mortality. Among @entity66 , it occurs most frequently in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and systemic @entity1333 . Despite new diagnostic tools and therapies, it remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The aim of this work was to characterize the @entity1252 @entity1 with an episode of @entity548 followed in our Clinical Immunology Unit (CIU). A retrospective chart review was carried out for all @entity1 with @entity1252 followed in CIU between 1984 and the end of 2013. We reviewed the following data: demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory data, radiologic investigations, histologic studies, treatment, and outcome. We identified 10 episodes of @entity548 , corresponding to seven @entity1 , all female. These represent 1.6% of @entity1252 @entity1 followed in our Unit. The age at @entity548 attack was 42.75        18.9 years. The average time between diagnosis of @entity1252 and the onset of @entity548 was 7.1 years. Three @entity1 had the diagnosis of @entity1252 and the @entity548 attack at the same time. Disease activity according to SLEDAI was high, ranging from 15 to 41. All @entity1 were treated with @entity1667 , 37.5% @entity786 and 28.6% plasmapheresis. The overall mortality rate was 28.6%.

title: @entity548 in XXXX : a cohort review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage', 'DAH', 'alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity548 ( @entity548 ) is a rare but potentially catastrophic manifestation with a high mortality. Among @entity66 , it occurs most frequently in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and systemic @entity1333 . Despite new diagnostic tools and therapies, it remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The aim of this work was to characterize the @entity1252 @entity1 with an episode of @entity548 followed in our Clinical Immunology Unit (CIU). A retrospective chart review was carried out for all @entity1 with @entity1252 followed in CIU between 1984 and the end of 2013. We reviewed the following data: demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory data, radiologic investigations, histologic studies, treatment, and outcome. We identified 10 episodes of @entity548 , corresponding to seven @entity1 , all female. These represent 1.6% of @entity1252 @entity1 followed in our Unit. The age at @entity548 attack was 42.75        18.9 years. The average time between diagnosis of @entity1252 and the onset of @entity548 was 7.1 years. Three @entity1 had the diagnosis of @entity1252 and the @entity548 attack at the same time. Disease activity according to SLEDAI was high, ranging from 15 to 41. All @entity1 were treated with @entity1667 , 37.5% @entity786 and 28.6% plasmapheresis. The overall mortality rate was 28.6%.

title: XXXX in @entity1252 : a cohort review.

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Alveolar hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Some crustaceans possess exoskeletons that are reinforced with @entity4959 . In the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, the @entity13258 , which is part of the mandibular exoskeleton, contains an @entity8679 . As this layer resembles vertebrate enamel in composition and function, it offers an interesting example of convergent evolution. Unlike other parts of the crayfish exoskeleton, which is periodically shed and regenerated during the molt cycle, molar mineral deposition takes place during the pre-molt stage. The molar mineral composition transforms continuously from @entity43350 through amorphous @entity78 to amorphous @entity4959 and is mounted on chitin. The process of crayfish molar formation is entirely extracellularand presumably controlled by proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, low-molecular weight molecules and @entity460 salts. We have identified a novel molar protein termed Cq-M15 from C. quadricarinatus and cloned its transcript from the molar-forming epithelium. Its transcript and differential expression were confirmed by a next generation sequencing library. The predicted acidic pI of Cq-M15 suggests its possible involvement in mineral arrangement. Cq-M15 is expressed in several exoskeletal tissues at pre-molt and its silencing is lethal. Like other arthropod cuticular proteins, Cq-M15 possesses a chitin-binding Rebers-Riddiford domain, with a recombinant version of the protein found to bind chitin. Cq-M15 was also found to interact with @entity460 ions in a concentration dependent manner. This latter property might make Cq-M15 useful for bone and dental regenerative efforts. We suggest that, in molar, this protein might be involved in @entity78 and/or @entity6445 precipitation.

title: A crayfish XXXX protein with putative mineralized exoskeletal chitinous matrix c properties.

entities_list: @entity6445 :: ('CHEBI:41609', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonate']

entities_list: @entity43350 :: ('MESH:C025105', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorapatite']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity13258 :: ('MESH:D014096', 'Disease') :: ['molar tooth']

entities_list: @entity8679 :: ('MESH:C535939', 'Disease') :: ['unusual crystalline enamel-like apatite layer']

answer: @entity13258 :: (MESH:D014096,Disease) :: ['molar tooth']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity191 is a @entity179 for which @entity1 present many symptoms, @entity400 being the main one. In advanced stages of the disease, Deep Brain Stimulation is a generalized therapy which can significantly improve the motor symptoms. However despite its beneficial effects on treating the symptomatology, the technique can be improved. One of its main limitations is that the parameters are fixed, and the stimulation is provided uninterruptedly, not taking into account any fluctuation in the @entity1 state. A closed-loop system which provides stimulation by demand would adjust the stimulation to the variations in the state of the @entity1 , stimulating only when it is necessary. It would not only perform a more intelligent stimulation, capable of adapting to the changes in real time, but also extending the devices battery life, thereby avoiding surgical interventions. In this work we design a tool that learns to recognize the principal symptom of @entity191 and particularly the @entity400 . The goal of the designed system is to detect the moments the @entity1 is suffering from a @entity400 episode and consequently to decide whether stimulation is needed or not. For that, local field potentials were recorded in the subthalamic nucleus of ten @entity191 @entity1 , who were diagnosed with @entity191 and who underwent surgery for the implantation of a neurostimulator. Electromyographic activity in the forearm was simultaneously recorded, and the relation between both signals was evaluated using two different synchronization measures. The results of evaluating the synchronization indexes on each moment represent the inputs to the designed system. Finally, a fuzzy inference system was applied with the goal of identifying @entity400 episodes. Results are favourable, reaching accuracies of higher 98.7 % in 70 % of the @entity1 .

title: A Fuzzy Inference System for Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['complex neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsons disease', 'Parkinsonian', 'tremor-dominant Parkinsons disease']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that @entity368 -rich repeat (LRR)-only proteins could mediate protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions and were involved in the immune response. In the present study, an LRR-only protein (designed as CfLRRop-1) was cloned from Zhikong scallop @entity19852 . The complete cDNA sequence of CfLRRop-1 contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1377  bp, which encoded a protein of 458 @entity1522 . An LRRNT motif, an LRR_7 motif and seven LRR motifs were found in the deduced @entity3689 sequence of CfLRRop-1. And these seven LRR motifs contained a conserved signature sequence LxxLxLxxNxL. The mRNA transcripts of CfLRRop-1 were constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues, including haemocytes, muscle, mantle, gill, hepatopancreas and gonad, with the highest expression level in hepatopancreas. After the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), glucan (GLU) and @entity14018 ( @entity14018 ), the mRNA transcripts of CfLRRop-1 in haemocytes all increased firstly within the first 6  h and secondly during 12-24  h post stimulation. The mRNA expression level of CfLRRop-1 was continuously up-regulated, after the expression of CfTLR (previously identified Toll-like receptor in @entity19852 ) was suppressed via RNA interference (RNAi). The recombinant CfLRRop-1 protein could directly bind LPS, PGN, GLU and @entity14018 , and induce the release of TNF-a in mixed primary cultured scallop haemocytes. These results collectively indicated that CfLRRop-1 would function as a powerful pattern recognition receptor (PRR) and play a pivotal role in the immune response of scallops.

title: An LRR-only protein representing a new type of pattern recognition receptor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid', 'poly I:C']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity19852 :: ('202578', 'Species') :: ['C. farreri', 'Chlamys farreri']

answer: @entity19852 :: (202578,Species) :: ['Chlamys farreri']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Improving survival has been documented for @entity957 in recent years. It is a common malignancy in Pakistan but survival outcomes have not been reported. The objective of this study was to determine survival and identify independent predictors in @entity1 with @entity1544 in 2 different time periods. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 who received treatment between 2003 and 2012 was performed. @entity1 were divided into two 5 year groups: group 1 (2003-2007) (n = 628) and group 2 (2008-2012) (n = 920). Demographics, risk factors, treatment approaches, and outcomes were compared. Disease-free and overall survival were calculated. Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine independent predictors of survival. RESULTS: A significant difference was present for ethnicity and grade and clinical T and N stage of @entity5 , with earlier presentation in group 2. More @entity1 underwent surgery (p = 0.001) and had radical treatment intent (p<0.0001) in recent years. Induction chemotherapy (p<0.0001) and palliative chemotherapy (p<0.0001) were used more frequently. No significant difference in disease-free survival was observed but overall 5-year survival improved significantly (23% vs 42%) (p<0.0001). Use of palliative chemotherapy reduced risk of @entity204 significantly (hazard ratio [HR] 0.1, confidence interval [CI] 0.02-0.4, p = 0.003), while pathologic nodal positivity significantly increased the risk (HR 2.5, CI 1-5.9, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: These results from a single @entity5 hospital demonstrate improvement in overall survival secondary to early detection, better @entity1 selection, and use of palliative chemotherapy in the later period.

title: Temporal trends in outcome of XXXX in a resource-limited setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell cancer']

answer: @entity1544 :: (MESH:D018307,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the @entity137 , gelatinolytic activity, and protein levels ( @entity1476 and @entity1495 ) produced by 3T3 fibroblasts cells after stimulation with GuttaFlow 2 and AH Plus. METHODS: 3T3 fibroblasts were incubated with elutes of GuttaFlow 2 and AH Plus for 24 h. The @entity137 of tested materials was determined using the @entity98 and the LDH assay. Supernatants of cell cultures incubated with sealers were collected to determine the levels of @entity1476 and @entity1495 gelatinolytic activity by gelatin zymography. Cell lysates were used to determine @entity1476 and @entity1495 protein levels by Western Blot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (P<0.05). RESULTS: AH Plus showed significantly less cell viability (mitochondrial activity of cells) than GuttaFlow 2 (P<0.01). Moreover, GuttaFlow 2 was noncytotoxic, showing no statistically significant difference in LDH leakage levels compared to the control group (P>0.05). Specific characterization of MMPs demonstrated that GuttaFlow 2 seemed not to affect @entity1476 levels compared with the control group, while AH Plus had elevated gelatinolytic activity and protein levels of @entity1476 as confirmed by quantitative measurements. No detectable gelatinolytic activity or protein levels of @entity1495 (92 kDa) was observed in any tested group. CONCLUSIONS: GuttaFlow 2 did not showed cytotoxic effects and did not induce @entity1476 or @entity1495 expression.

title: XXXX and gelatinolytic activity of a new silicon-based endodontic sealer.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: The histologic characteristics of 29 nasal @entity5 previously diagnosed as @entity521 , unclassified @entity189 , or unclassified @entity5 were reviewed. Electron microscopy was performed in 17. Nine @entity5 were @entity521 ; six of these were classical @entity521 while the other three exhibited olfactory differentiation in addition to the classical @entity521 component. Areas of @entity6012 were found in the @entity3 of one of the three @entity4236 . @entity5 were classified as @entity3270 because all showed a neuroendocrine pattern with remarkably uniform cells growing from benign glandular epithelium; membrane bound granules were present in the cytoplasm of cells of the ten cases in this group examined by electron microscopy. The mean age of the @entity1 with @entity521 was 20 years; survival in this group was 75% at five and seven years, respectively, and 67% at ten years. Recurrences, @entity3 , and @entity204 occurred within 3 years of diagnosis. There was a low percentage (25%) of multiple recurrences. The @entity3 were located in cervical lymph nodes, brain and spine. The mean age of the @entity1 with @entity3270 was 50 years. Survival was 100% at five years, 88% at seven years, and 77% at ten years. Recurrences and @entity3 in 70% of the cases occurred later than the third year. Multiple recurrences were present in 54% of the cases. The @entity3 affected lymph nodes, brain and spine in all cases except in one in which lungs and femur were involved. In the latter case @entity420 was also present in addition to the @entity3270 . Three @entity1 died, all more than five years from the time of diagnosis. No correlation was found between staging and prognosis in either group, except for Stage I disease.

title: @entity521 and XXXX of the nasal cavity: a proposed new classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6012 :: ('MESH:D018305', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms', 'Twenty tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory neuroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastomas', 'neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine carcinoma']

answer: @entity3270 :: (MESH:D018278,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine carcinomas']


abstract: The histologic characteristics of 29 nasal @entity5 previously diagnosed as @entity521 , unclassified @entity189 , or unclassified @entity5 were reviewed. Electron microscopy was performed in 17. Nine @entity5 were @entity521 ; six of these were classical @entity521 while the other three exhibited olfactory differentiation in addition to the classical @entity521 component. Areas of @entity6012 were found in the @entity3 of one of the three @entity4236 . @entity5 were classified as @entity3270 because all showed a neuroendocrine pattern with remarkably uniform cells growing from benign glandular epithelium; membrane bound granules were present in the cytoplasm of cells of the ten cases in this group examined by electron microscopy. The mean age of the @entity1 with @entity521 was 20 years; survival in this group was 75% at five and seven years, respectively, and 67% at ten years. Recurrences, @entity3 , and @entity204 occurred within 3 years of diagnosis. There was a low percentage (25%) of multiple recurrences. The @entity3 were located in cervical lymph nodes, brain and spine. The mean age of the @entity1 with @entity3270 was 50 years. Survival was 100% at five years, 88% at seven years, and 77% at ten years. Recurrences and @entity3 in 70% of the cases occurred later than the third year. Multiple recurrences were present in 54% of the cases. The @entity3 affected lymph nodes, brain and spine in all cases except in one in which lungs and femur were involved. In the latter case @entity420 was also present in addition to the @entity3270 . Three @entity1 died, all more than five years from the time of diagnosis. No correlation was found between staging and prognosis in either group, except for Stage I disease.

title: XXXX and @entity3270 of the nasal cavity: a proposed new classification.

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['Neuroblastomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The current study examined the severity of playing-related @entity158 ( @entity3669 ) problems among music students at the Prague State Conservatoire, as well as the various treatment methods used by these students and how they approach and deal with these phenomena while studying. In total, 180 instrumental students participated and completed a paper questionnaire. Of these, 88.9% reported that they had experienced @entity3669 at least once in their lives, with 12.6% experiencing @entity158 every time they play. The onset of @entity3669 seemed to coincide with the transition period on entry to the conservatoire and was associated with the increase in hours of practice. Specific body regions associated with playing each particular instrument were most frequently affected, with females being more susceptible than males to the development of @entity3669 . An alarming 35% of the affected students tended not to seek help at all, whereas those who did tended to seek advice first from their instrument tutor and second from medical doctors. Most students who visited doctors reported that medical treatments only partially helped them to overcome @entity3669 problems. The most frequent treatment methods used were resting, gel or creams, and physical exercises. Students believed that inappropriate posture played a key role in the development of their @entity3669 problems. Finally, students indicated a willingness to be aware of and educated about @entity3669 issues during their studies. Further exploration of @entity3669 problems among student musicians is warranted. Better understanding of differing attitudes toward, use of, and efficiency of various treatment methods after the occurrence of @entity10365 will provide additional insight for prevention and treatment.

title: Approaches to and Treatment Strategies for Playing-Related XXXX Problems Among Czech Instrumental Music Students: An Epidemiological Study.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Sixty-five @entity1 with @entity3052 , ranging in age from 16 to 73 years (median, 54), were treated with @entity332 , @entity2592 , @entity5699 , @entity229 , and @entity1891 to induce complete remission. Remission was maintained with monthly 5-day courses of @entity2592 and @entity332 for 4 years. Of the entire group, 57% achieved complete remission and 29% died in the first 30 days of treatment. The median remission duration was 15 months, with 20% of the complete responders predicted to remain in complete remission for 4 years. No primary central nervous system relapses have occurred. Of six variables examined by multivariate analysis, only age was predictive of remission success. Before analysis, the @entity1 were divided into groups by age: group 1--ages 16-42 years (n = 17); group 2--ages 43-59 years (n = 25); and group 3--ages 60-73 years (n = 23). Complete remission rates were 76% in group 1, 64% in group 2, and 35% in group 3 (P = 0.002). Lower remission rates for older @entity1 resulted from more early deaths rather than resistant disease. Age and LDH levels affected remission duration. The median complete remission duration was 48 months in group 1 and 10 months in groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.004). In group 1, 41% of @entity1 achieving complete remission are predicted to remain in complete remission for 4 years. We concluded that this five-drug induction regimen is highly effective for induction therapy in younger adults with @entity3052 . The results in @entity1 greater than or equal to 60 years of age are less satisfactory due to a lower remission rate and greater chance of @entity204 . Furthermore, these results demonstrate that the program as described results in a longer duration of complete remission for @entity1 of younger age.

title: Results of aggressive chemotherapy for XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity332 :: ('MESH:D013866', 'Chemical') :: ['thioguanine']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: AIM: Primary treatment of @entity1491 of the lower eyelid and the inner corner is essentially surgical, but advanced lesions require extensive surgical interventions. In some cases it is necessary to continue with the mutilating surgery - exenteration of the orbit. In this work we evaluate the indications of radical solutions in @entity1 with @entity1491 invading the orbit and the subsequent possibility for individually made prosthesis to cover the defect of the @entity6675 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Indications to exenteration of the orbit in @entity1 with @entity1491 findings in 2008-2013. Case report of 2 @entity1 . RESULTS: In period 2008-20013 at the Dept. of Ophthalmology, Comenius University in Bratislava totally 221 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity1491 of the eyelids and the inner corner were treated. In 5 cases (2.7 %) with infiltration of the orbit the radical surgical procedure, exenteration was necessary. In 3 @entity1 exenteration was indicated as the first surgical procedure in the treatment of @entity1491 , since they had never visited ophthalmologist before only at in the stage of infiltration of the orbit (stage T4). In one case was indicated exenteration after previous surgical interventions and relapses. After healing the @entity6675 @entity1 got individually prepared epithesis. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of @entity1491 involves the radical removal of the @entity5 entire eyelid and stage T1 or T2 can effectively cure virtually all @entity5 with satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. In advanced stages (T4 stage) by infiltrating the orbit by @entity1491 exenteration of the orbit is necessary. This surgery is a serious situation for the @entity1 and also for his relatives. Individually made prosthesis helps the @entity1 to be enrolled to the social environment.Key words: @entity1491 , eye lid @entity5 , exenteration of the orbit, prosthesis of the orbit.

title: [Exenteration of the Orbit for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['Basal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 with stool growth of " @entity5363 " are presented. In one case it was associated with growth of " @entity2491 ". Fourteen cases presented as an acute @entity1902 whereas the remainder case was considered to be an asymptomatic carrier. The incidence was 5.8%. The disease was more frequent in infancy (13 cases occurred in ages below one year). @entity294 was the most frequent symptom (93.3%), with presence of macroscopic blood in the stool in 78.5% of these cases. In three cases the process was associated to @entity291 's milk protein-sensitive @entity7017 . Four @entity1 were treated with @entity2929 and the stool culture become negative at the end of therapy. In the untreated cases the stool culture become negative within a period from five to 15 days. In the asymptomatic carrier the stool culture become negative after a period of two months.

title: [ @entity1902 caused by XXXX in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 with stool growth of " @entity5363 " are presented. In one case it was associated with growth of " @entity2491 ". Fourteen cases presented as an acute @entity1902 whereas the remainder case was considered to be an asymptomatic carrier. The incidence was 5.8%. The disease was more frequent in infancy (13 cases occurred in ages below one year). @entity294 was the most frequent symptom (93.3%), with presence of macroscopic blood in the stool in 78.5% of these cases. In three cases the process was associated to @entity291 's milk protein-sensitive @entity7017 . Four @entity1 were treated with @entity2929 and the stool culture become negative at the end of therapy. In the untreated cases the stool culture become negative within a period from five to 15 days. In the asymptomatic carrier the stool culture become negative after a period of two months.

title: [ XXXX caused by @entity5363 in childhood].

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['Gastroenteritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) are major public health problem. The laboratory tests for diagnosing STI are often unavailable or too expensive. Therefore, World Health Organization has recommended a syndromic approach for diagnosis and management of STI/reproductive tract infections (RTIs). Very few studies so far had evaluated effectiveness of the syndromic approach in diagnosing STI/RTIs in pregnancy. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Validation of syndromic management for @entity3389 in pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out which included 233 pregnant females attending obstetric clinic. They were subjected to clinical examination, vaginal swab collection, and serological tests. RESULTS: A total of 183 (78.54%) pregnant females had vaginal discharge on clinical examination and @entity5132 was the most common clinical diagnosis among them. Of 183 cases diagnosed clinically as @entity3389 , 38 (20.7%) were tested positive in laboratory investigations. Out of 50 clinically negative cases, 9 (18%) were detected positive for one of the @entity2953 on laboratory testing. CONCLUSION: Syndromic approach for management of @entity3389 resulted in over-treatment of 78% (false positive) and under-diagnosis of 19.1% (false negative) pregnant females. Hence, integration of antenatal screening services in the form of laboratory tests for vaginal discharge is recommended.

title: Validation of XXXX among pregnant women attending obstetrics clinic, in the tertiary hospital of Western India.

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal discharge syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['Sexually transmitted infections', 'STIs']

answer: @entity3389 :: (MESH:D019522,Disease) :: ['vaginal discharge syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine if eyes with @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) unresponsive to ranibizumab or bevacizumab would benefit from conversion to aflibercept. METHODS: This study was conducted as a retrospective chart review of subjects with @entity1103 unresponsive to ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab and subsequently converted to aflibercept. RESULTS: In total, 21 eyes from 19 subjects of mean age 62  15 years were included. The majority of subjects were male (63%). The median number of ranibizumab or bevacizumab injections before switching to aflibercept was six, and the median number of aflibercept injections after switching was three. Median follow-up was 5 months after the switch. Mean @entity2070 ( @entity2070 ) was 453.52  143.39 mm immediately prior to the switch. Morphologically, intraretinal cysts were present in all cases. Mean @entity2070 after the first injection decreased significantly to 362.57  92.82 mm (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; P<0.001). At the end of follow-up, the mean @entity2070 was 324.17  98.76 mm (P<0.001). Mean visual acuity was 0.42  0.23 logMAR just prior to the switch, 0.39  0.31 logMAR after one aflibercept injection, and 0.37  0.22 log-MAR at the end of follow-up. The final visual acuity was significantly better than visual acuity before the switch (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: Eyes with @entity1103 unresponsive to multiple ranibizumab/bevacizumab injections demonstrate anatomical and visual improvement on conversion to aflibercept.

title: Conversion to aflibercept for XXXX unresponsive to ranibizumab or bevacizumab.

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['CFT', 'central foveal thickness']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['DME', 'diabetic macular edema']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: @entity338 or " @entity649 " ( @entity649 ) is one of the most feared complications of severe @entity130 . The aetiology is probably multifactorial, and is obscure. Although modern treatment has reduced the mortality, there is no certain way of preventing the syndrome. The aim of the investigation was to develop an experimental model on anaesthetized @entity1707 subjected to @entity130 and folllowed up for 3-4 days, still under anaesthesia, the repeated lung X-rays and post-mortem naked-eye and histological examination of lung tissue. 26 @entity1707 were used. 12 (Group I) were subjected to missile @entity130 of a limb, with a @entity174 that was left without immobilization. 10 were treated similarly but with immobilization of the @entity174 (Group II). Four control animals were prepared and observed under anaesthesia but no @entity130 was inflicted (Group III). In Group I, all but two developed, 10-70 h after the injury, roentgen and morphological changes identical to those seen in @entity1 with clinically documented @entity649 . No such changes were seen in the controls or in Group II. With our experimental model it seems possible to induce in experimental animals roentgen and morphological changes corresponding to @entity649 in @entity1 . The method provides new means of studying the mechanisms behind and the effects of different forms of treatment in @entity649 . The results also support the hypothesis that early immobilization of @entity174 is an important step in preventing @entity649 .

title: Primary XXXX immobilization as a method to prevent post-traumatic pulmonary changes- an experimental model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['Post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effects on aortic volumes of endovascular @entity439 sealing (EVAS) with the Nellix device. METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 (mean age 78  7 years; 17 @entity1 ) with @entity1028 containing @entity715 were treated with EVAS. Their pre- and post-EVAS computed tomography (CT) scans were reviewed to document volume changes in the entire aneurysmal aorta, the lumen, and the intraluminal @entity715 . The changes are reported as the mean and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Total aortic volume was greater on postoperative scans by a mean 17 mL (95% CI 10.0 to 23.5, p<0.001). The volume occupied by the endobags was greater than the preoperative lumen volume by a mean 28 mL (95% CI 24.7 to 31.7, p=0.002). Postoperatively, the aortic volume occupied by @entity715 had decreased by a mean 11 mL (95% CI 4.7 to 18.2, p<0.001). There were good correlations between changes in @entity439 and @entity715 volumes (r=0.864, p<0.001), between the planning CT/EVAS time interval and the change in @entity439 volume (r=0.640, p=0.001), and between the planning CT/EVAS time interval and the change in @entity715 volume (r=0.567, p=0.003). CONCLUSION: There are significant changes in aortic volumes post EVAS. These changes may be a direct consequence of the technique and have implications for the planning and performance of EVAS.

title: Changes in Aortic Volumes Following Endovascular Sealing of XXXX With the Nellix Endoprosthesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms']


abstract: In order to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the range-gated pulsed Doppler echocardiogram for the detection of @entity337 , a study with use of this technique was carried out in 46 @entity1 . They were classified into 3 groups: Group I was composed of 19 @entity1 with a variety of @entity299 but with a competent aortic valve. Cardiac catheterization revealed no @entity337 in any of the 19 @entity1 , and the Doppler echocardiogram detected no turbulent diastolic flow in the left ventricular outflow tract. Group II was composed of 17 @entity1 who clinically and by auscultation had @entity337 , which was confirmed by cardiac catheterization in 6. In all 17 @entity1 the Doppler echocardiogram detected several grades of turbulent diastolic flow compatible with @entity337 in the left ventricular outflow tract. Group III was composed of 10 @entity1 with @entity337 but without the expected clinical or auscultatory evidence. The echocardiogram detected mitral valve flutter in only 1 @entity1 . Cardiac catheterization revealed @entity337 graded 1/4 and 2/4 in 9 @entity1 , and the @entity1 who did not undergo catheterization had a murmur of @entity337 6 months later. In all 10 @entity1 the Doppler echocardiogram detected a regurgitating turbulent flow compatible with @entity337 in the left ventricular outflow tract. It is concluded that the Doppler echocardiogram was more useful than auscultation and echocardiography for the detection of mild @entity337 . In this study the range-gated pulsed Doppler echocardiogram proved 100% sensitive and specific. However, it will be necessary to study larger groups in order to assess its utility in more complicated conditions ( @entity28 , @entity2415 , and @entity712 ) and the differential diagnosis with other diastolic murmurs.

title: Detection of mild XXXX by range-gated pulsed Doppler echocardiograhy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation', 'aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical and functional results from arthroscopic release of the short radial extensor of the carpus (SREC) in @entity1 with chronic @entity2633 that was refractory to conservative treatment. METHODS: Over the period from January 2012 to November 2013, 15 @entity1 underwent arthroscopic treatment. The surgical technique used was the one described by Romeo and Cohen, based on anatomical studies on cadavers. The inclusion criteria were that the @entity1 needed to present @entity2633 and that conservative treatment (analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, corticoid infiltration or physiotherapy) had failed over a period of more than six months. The @entity1 were evaluated based on the elbow functional score of the Mayo Clinic, Nirschl's staging system and a visual analog scale (VAS) for @entity158 . RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity1 (9 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) were included. The mean Mayo elbow functional score after the operation was 95 (ranging from 90 to 100). The @entity158 VAS improved from a mean of 9.2 before the operation to 0.64 after the operation. On Nirschl's scale, the @entity1 presented an improvement from a mean of 6.5 before the operation to approximately one. There were significant differences from before to after the surgery for the three functional scores used (p  <  0.01). No correlations were observed using the Spearman test between the results and age, gender, length of time with symptoms before the operation or injury mechanism (p  >  0.05). CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic treatment for @entity2633 was shown to be a safe and effective therapeutic option when appropriately indicated and performed, in refractory cases of chronic @entity2633 . It also allowed excellent viewing of the joint space for diagnosing and treating associated pathological conditions, with a minimally invasive procedure.

title: Arthroscopic treatment for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The indolent nature of @entity1047 and gonorrhoea along with the time delay associated with current diagnostic testing makes definitive diagnosis while in the emergency department impossible. We therefore sought to determine the proportion of @entity1 who receive accurate, presumptive antimicrobial treatment for these infections. A retrospective chart review was performed on all @entity1 encounters that underwent @entity1047 and gonorrhoea testing at an urban emergency department during a single month in 2012. Each encounter was reviewed for nucleic acid amplification test results and whether presumptive antibiotics were given during the initial visit. A total of 639 @entity1 encounters were reviewed; 87.2% were female and the mean age was 26.7 years. @entity1047 was present in 11.1%, with @entity1 and @entity1 having similar infection rates, 10.6% vs. 14.6% (p   =   0.277). Gonorrhoea was present in 5.0%, with lower prevalence among @entity1 than @entity1 , 3.2% vs. 17.1% (p   <   0.001). @entity1 received presumptive treatment less often than @entity1 , 37.7% vs. 82.9% (p   <   0.001). Presumptive treatment was less accurate in @entity1 than @entity1 , 7.9% vs. 25.6% (p   <   0.001). After combining genders, 10.2% received accurate presumptive treatment; 33.3% were overtreated and 4.4% missed treatment. Presumptive treatment for @entity1047 and gonorrhoea was more frequent and more accurate in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Overall, one-third of @entity1 received unnecessary antibiotics, yet nearly 5% missed treatment. Better methods are needed for identifying @entity1 who need treatment.

title: Identifying a need for more focused treatment of XXXX and gonorrhoea in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia', 'chlamydia']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['chlamydia']


abstract: An animal model is described allowing for direct measurements of local tissue @entity4095 , microhemodynamics and vascular density in the event of a prolonged non freezing @entity130 . The model consists of implanting a transparent skin fold chamber in the dorsal skin fold in hamsters and of inserting two permanent indwelling catheters in jugular vein and carotid artery, respectively. The microcirculation was studied using a Wild Photomacroscope for photography and a @entity902 multiwire electrode for measurements of local @entity4095 in the conscious animal. After 72 h of recovery from anesthesia and surgery, the experimental was started with the animal immobilized. The decrease of local s.c. temperature was achieved by perfusing a heat exchanger with distilled @entity2507 and @entity5723 70% (1:1) at a rate of 81/min with the heat exchanger located directly beneath the @entity5715 frame of the chamber. With this technique, a decrease in local tissue temperature from 28 degrees C to 15 degrees C could be obtained within 15 min and was kept constant for 60 min. After photography of the microcirculation and local @entity4095 -measurements, the local temperature was further reduced to 5 degrees C with 15 min. Sixty minutes later, the area exposed was slowly rewarmed from a level of 5 degrees C within 30 min. This procedure was repeated in intervals of 24 h over a period of five days. During the course of the experiments, local @entity4095 values shifted toward @entity519 or even anoxic values. Intravital microscopic observation revealed aggregate formation, @entity3179 and obstruction of capillary flow associated with pronounced tissue @entity519 after five cold exposures. This event resulted inevitably in tissue @entity39 and scar formation after seven consecutive exposures to cold. It is concluded that this model can be used to study the effects of local non freezing @entity130 in a precisely reproducible manner.

title: Effects of prolonged XXXX on the subcutaneous microcirculation of the hamster. I. Technique, morphology and tissue oxygenation.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['Isopropanol']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cold injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['cold injury']


abstract: This investigation is an evaluation of the posterior approach for subfascial ligation of incompetent perforating veins (IPV) of the @entity291 . The distribution of veins found incompetent at operation and the incidence of wound complications were studied. 39 @entity1 with clinical multiple perforating vein insufficiency were operated on. At the end of the operation the crural fascia was sutured in half of them. The tissue pressure in the gastrocnemius muscle was measured in 13 @entity1 postoperatively. 151 IPVs were found in the 39 legs operated on (3.8/ leg). 25% were found on the lateral side, and were inaccessible from a medial incision. @entity86 was noted in 3 @entity1 and in a further 6 mostly minor @entity39 with @entity245 occurred. The incidence of @entity245 was not influenced by fascia suture and the tissue pressure was normal in the 13 @entity1 so examined. The posterior incision gives excellent access to both medial and lateral IPVs and makes possible resection of the short saphenous vein at the same time. This approach is useful when @entity1066 and @entity1909 are present on both medial and lateral sides or when there are medial IPVs and signs of @entity337 of the short saphenous vein.

title: Occurrence of lateral incompetent perforating veins of the XXXX . Usefulness of the posterior midline incision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['stasis dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['delayed healing']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative infection']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: The clinical heterogeneity of hard metal disease lung with its two basic forms, i.e. hart metal @entity55 and hard metal @entity565 , supports the view of different pathogenetic mechanisms. @entity1953 , which is generally considered the noxious agent in hard metal diseases, is cytotoxic on the one hand and allergenic on the other. Four typical, extensively investigated cases are presented, i.e. @entity3673 , @entity56 , @entity137 . The immunological results were negative in the @entity1 with @entity3673 . A hard metal grinder with typical occupational @entity56 showed a high level of precipitating antibodies against Aureobasidium pullulans, a well-known antigen in humidifier @entity221 and sequoiosis. The inhalative provocation test induced on both @entity1 with hard metal @entity565 an immediate and prolonged, i.e. a dual asthmatic reaction. Only the @entity1 with @entity56 due to @entity1953 and a positive epicutaneous test of the delayed type and a positive scratch tests of the immediate type with @entity5303 .

title: [Occupation-related lung diseases in hard metal production and manufacturing. An XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic-irritative hard metal asthma and allergic cobalt asthma']

entities_list: @entity3673 :: ('MESH:D011009', 'Disease') :: ['hard metal pneumoconiosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5303 :: ('MESH:C018021', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalt chloride']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact eczema', 'hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1953 :: ('MESH:D003035', 'Chemical') :: ['Cobalt', 'cobalt']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic process']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and, among other factors, this is due to a delay in diagnosis performed with conventional techniques. A prospective, multicentre study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Aspergillus DNA screening in the early diagnosis of @entity3 . @entity1 undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or chemotherapy for acute @entity1778 were enrolled for biomarker screening. Three centres applied the same protocol for in-house PCR, which was compliant with the European Aspergillus PCR Initiative recommendations, to guarantee the highest diagnostic standards. Two thousand one hundred and twenty-eight sera from 213 @entity1 were investigated and stratified according to the revised European Organization for the Research and Treatment of @entity5 /Mycoses Study Group criteria for invasive @entity364 . The incidence rates of probable and possible @entity3 were 18% and 38%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of PCR were superior in antifungal drug-naive @entity1 , being 71.4%, 92.3%, and 62.5%, respectively. The last of these key performance indicators ( @entity2286 ) was moderate in @entity1 receiving primary prophylaxis, at 5.4%. Negative predictive values for both strategies applied were 100% with and 98.3% without antifungal mould prophylaxis. PCR has the potential to play a decisive role in the diagnosis and management of @entity281 in centres not applying primary antifungal mould prophylaxis.

title: Prospective multicentre PCR-based Aspergillus DNA screening in high-risk XXXX with and without primary antifungal mould prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus infections']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Longitudinal prescription patterns of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) have not been described to date in Korea. Here we aimed to describe AED prescribing trends over a 12-year period and assess age differences in AED prescribing patterns in a @entity302 . METHODS: We retrieved and analyzed all AED prescribing and dispensing data in 2001-2012 in @entity1 aged 0-18  years with an established diagnosis of @entity302 at the largest tertiary @entity1 's hospital in Korea. @entity734 included for analysis were classified as older (i.e., @entity2049 , @entity17979 , @entity109 , @entity3174 , and @entity1092 ) and newer (i.e., @entity2682 , @entity2812 , @entity4677 , @entity2051 , @entity4481 , @entity1771 , @entity5305 , @entity10315 , @entity13876 , and @entity5762 ) on the basis of market availability before versus after 1991. RESULTS: A total of 5593 @entity1 with @entity302 were prescribed an AED during the 12-year period. The proportion of newer AED prescriptions was 52.6  % in 2001 and continuously increased to 74.3  % in 2012. @entity2051 was most widely used, followed by @entity1092 . While @entity2049 and @entity5305 use progressively decreased over the 12-year period, those of @entity2812 and @entity1771 rapidly increased. Age differences in prescribing patterns were observed. Polytherapy was observed in 49.7  % of the total population, while 83.9  % of new users were prescribed monotherapy. CONCLUSION: This study provided updated information on AED prescription trends for childhood @entity302 . We found a progressive increase in the use of newer @entity734 . However, @entity1092 , the only prevalent older AED, continued to be widely prescribed. A high rate of polytherapy among the prescriptions overall raises some safety concerns.

title: Trends in Antiepileptic Drug Prescriptions for Childhood XXXX at a Tertiary @entity1 's Hospital in Korea, 2001-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity5762 :: ('MESH:C079703', 'Chemical') :: ['rufinamide']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxcarbazepine', 'oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity10315 :: ('MESH:C022189', 'Chemical') :: ['zonisamide']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric epilepsy population', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity13876 :: ('MESH:C403507', 'Chemical') :: ['lacosamide']

entities_list: @entity17979 :: ('MESH:D005013', 'Chemical') :: ['ethosuximide']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']