abstract: UNASSIGNED: Malnutrition is a common problem in oncologic diseases influencing treatment outcomes, treatment complications, quality of life and survival. The potential role of @entity3147 has not yet systematically been studied in neuroendocrine @entity5 (NEN), which due to growing prevalence and additional therapeutic options provide an increasing clinical challenge for diagnosis and management. The aim of this cross-sectional observational study, which included a long-term follow-up, was therefore to define the prevalence of @entity3147 in 203 @entity1 with NEN using various methodological approaches and to analyze the short- and long-term outcome of malnourished @entity1 . A detailed subgroup analysis was also performed to define risk factors for poorer outcome. By applying @entity3147 screening scores 21-25% of NEN- @entity1 were at risk of or demonstrated manifest @entity3147 . This was confirmed by anthropometric measurements, determination of serum surrogate parameters such as albumin and bioelectrical impedance analysis particularly phase angle a. Length of hospital stay (LoS) was significantly longer in malnourished NEN- @entity1 while long-term overall survival was highly significantly reduced. @entity1 with high-grade (G3) neuroendocrine carcinomas, @entity74 and undergoing chemotherapy were at particular risk for @entity3147 associated with a poorer outcome. Multivariate analysis confirmed the important and highly significant role of @entity3147 as an independent prognostic factor for NEN besides proliferative capacity (G3-NEC). Malnutrition is therefore an underrecognized problem in NEN- @entity1 , which should systematically be diagnosed by widely available standard methods such Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) score, serum albumin levels and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and treated to improve both short- and long-term outcomes.

title: Malnutrition Predicts Clinical Outcome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Neuroendocrine Neoplasias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Malnutrition is a common problem in oncologic diseases influencing treatment outcomes, treatment complications, quality of life and survival. The potential role of @entity3147 has not yet systematically been studied in neuroendocrine @entity5 (NEN), which due to growing prevalence and additional therapeutic options provide an increasing clinical challenge for diagnosis and management. The aim of this cross-sectional observational study, which included a long-term follow-up, was therefore to define the prevalence of @entity3147 in 203 @entity1 with NEN using various methodological approaches and to analyze the short- and long-term outcome of malnourished @entity1 . A detailed subgroup analysis was also performed to define risk factors for poorer outcome. By applying @entity3147 screening scores 21-25% of NEN- @entity1 were at risk of or demonstrated manifest @entity3147 . This was confirmed by anthropometric measurements, determination of serum surrogate parameters such as albumin and bioelectrical impedance analysis particularly phase angle a. Length of hospital stay (LoS) was significantly longer in malnourished NEN- @entity1 while long-term overall survival was highly significantly reduced. @entity1 with high-grade (G3) neuroendocrine carcinomas, @entity74 and undergoing chemotherapy were at particular risk for @entity3147 associated with a poorer outcome. Multivariate analysis confirmed the important and highly significant role of @entity3147 as an independent prognostic factor for NEN besides proliferative capacity (G3-NEC). Malnutrition is therefore an underrecognized problem in NEN- @entity1 , which should systematically be diagnosed by widely available standard methods such Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) score, serum albumin levels and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and treated to improve both short- and long-term outcomes.

title: Malnutrition Predicts Clinical Outcome in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Tissue specimen collection represents a cornerstone in diagnosis of proximal biliary tract malignancies offering great specificity, but only limited sensitivity. To improve the @entity5 detection rate, we developed a new method of forceps biopsy and compared it prospectively with endoscopic transpapillary brush cytology. @entity1 AND METHODS: 43 @entity1 with proximal biliary stenoses, which were suspect for @entity5 , undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiography were prospectively recruited and subjected to both biopsy [using a double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) forceps under a guidance of a pusher and guiding catheter with guidewire] and transpapillary brush cytology. The cytological/histological findings were compared with the final clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: 35 out of 43 @entity1 had a malignant disease (33 cholangiocarcinomas, 1 @entity157 , 1 @entity1086 ). The sensitivity of cytology and biopsy in these @entity1 was 49 and 69%, respectively. The method with DBE forceps allowed a pinpoint biopsy of the biliary stenoses. Both methods had 100% specificity, and, when combined, 80% of malignant processes were detected. All @entity1 with non-malignant conditions were correctly assigned by both methods. No clinically relevant complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of forceps biopsy and transpapillary brush cytology is safe and offers superior detection rates compared to both methods alone, and therefore represents a promising approach in evaluation of proximal biliary tract processes.

title: A novel method of forceps biopsy improves the diagnosis of proximal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['biliary malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For many years, fungal spores have been recognized as potential causes of @entity1576 . All @entity364 cloned so far represent either secreted or cytoplasmatic proteins, but nothing is known about the involvement of fungal surface proteins in @entity56 . METHODS: A phage surface displayed cDNA-library from the mould Cladosporium herbarum was constructed and phage displaying IgE-binding proteins were selectively enriched with immobilized serum IgE from C. herbarum-sensitized individuals. Inserts encoding putative allergens were sequenced, subcloned and used to produce recombinant proteins. Allergenicity of the proteins was evaluated by IgE binding in Western blots, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and skin prick test in a total of 84 @entity1 sensitized to either C. herbarum or @entity54 and three healthy controls. RESULTS: After four rounds of affinity selection, the cDNA-library was enriched for clones displaying IgE-binding molecules. Sequencing of inserts showed that one clone contained an open reading frame predicting a protein of 105 @entity1522 and a calculated molecular weight of 10.5 kDa showing the classical signature of members of the hydrophobin family. The recombinant protein, termed @entity72335 , was able to bind IgE from six @entity1 sensitized to fungi in vitro. Two of those @entity1 were also included in a skin prick test survey and showed strong type I skin reactions to @entity72335 , demonstrating the allergenic nature of C. herbarum hydrophobin and indicating a prevalence of sensitization in the range of 8-9%. In contrast, the hydrophobin HYP1 from @entity54 was not recognized by the sera of the same @entity1 and controls investigated with @entity72335 . CONCLUSION: C. herbarum hydrophobin represents the first component of the cell wall of fungi demonstrated to act as a rare but clinically relevant allergen in vitro and in vivo.

title: Immunoglobulin E-binding and skin test reactivity to hydrophobin XXXX from Cladosporium herbarum, the first allergenic cell wall component of fungi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal allergens']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergies']

answer: @entity72335 :: (130872,Gene) :: ['HCh-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite medical advice, many pet-allergic @entity565 sufferers refuse to remove the pet to which they are sensitized from their home. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the clinical effects of air cleaners in the homes of adult @entity565 @entity1 sensitized and exposed to @entity468 and/or @entity235 . METHODS: We performed a randomized, parallel-group study of 30 @entity748 adults sensitized to and sharing a home with @entity468 or @entity235 . The effects of placing air cleaners in the living room and bedroom for 12 months and using high efficiency particulate air filter vacuum cleaners (active group) were compared with using these vacuum cleaners alone (control group). Measures of airway responsiveness, treatment requirement, lung function, peak flow, reservoir and airborne allergen were recorded before, during and after the interventions. A beneficial clinical response was assessed in terms of a 'combined @entity565 outcome'. This was defined as a two or more doubling dose improvement in bronchial hyper-reactivity to @entity112 and/or a reduction in treatment requirement of at least one step change on the British @entity1514 Society guidelines for @entity565 treatment. RESULTS: A beneficial clinical response was observed in 10/15 subjects in the active group compared with 3/15 in the control group after 12 months intervention (P = 0.01). No significant differences between the active and control groups were detected for changes in measures of lung function, reservoir pet allergen and airborne pet allergen during the study. CONCLUSION: Whilst the study design has not allowed complete exclusion of a placebo effect, we believe that this pragmatic study of adult @entity748 @entity1 sensitized and exposed to pets resulted in a small, but significant improvement in combined @entity565 outcome.

title: Clinical effects of air filters in homes of XXXX adults sensitized and exposed to pet allergens.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The scalp is a common area for @entity1569 . Corticosteroid-based lotions are the most widely used therapy in this clinical setting. A new formulation of @entity5935 valerate 0.12% in a thermophobic, low-residue foam vehicle (Bettamousse trade mark, Mipharm, Italy; @entity18668 ) is available for the treatment of @entity28583 . OBJECTIVES: In an open, investigator-blinded, multicentre (28 dermatology clinics), randomized, cross-over study, the efficacy, safety and @entity1 acceptability of @entity18668 in @entity11885 were evaluated in comparison with standard therapies (ST, i.e. @entity288 or @entity560 analogues). ST were chosen by each centre according to its usual therapeutic protocols. METHODS: In total, 241 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity11885 participated in the trial. After a 2-week run-in period, each active treatment ( @entity18668 or ST) was applied for 4 weeks, with a wash-out period between the two active treatment phases of at least 4 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated by investigators unaware of treatment sequence analysing a 'target' lesion for erythema, scaling, itching and burning using a five-point grading score. @entity1 treatment acceptability and assessment of the influence on Psoriasis Disability Index were evaluated using an eight-item modified Finlay-Khan questionnaire at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. Safety was evaluated by recording any adverse event occurring during the study duration. @entity18668 was applied twice daily, and ST were applied once or twice daily, according to the approved scheduled regimens. RESULTS: Analyses were by intention-to-treat. Two hundred and ten @entity1 concluded the study. Fifteen @entity1 withdrew from the study during @entity18668 treatment, and 16 during ST (not significantly different). Both treatments were well tolerated. At baseline, the mean +/- SD clinical global score (the 'Sum' score = erythema + scaling + itching + burning) was 7.6 +/- 2.6. The ST chosen were topical corticosteroids (55% of cases; mainly @entity10438 and @entity9090 ) or @entity2116 lotion (45% of cases). At the end of active treatments, @entity18668 was significantly superior to ST (P < 0.001) in reducing, as compared with baseline, the mean +/- SD Sum score (1.5 +/- 1.9 with @entity18668 and 3.1 +/- 2.7 with ST). During @entity18668 treatment, 88% (95% confidence interval, CI 82-94%) of @entity1 had a complete or nearly complete resolution of scaling in comparison with 66% (95% CI 58-74%) during ST therapy (P < 0.001). @entity18668 was also considered an easier and more convenient formulation to use in comparison with ST (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity18668 is more effective than lotion-based ST commonly used in the treatment of @entity11885 , and has higher @entity1 acceptability.

title: Efficacy of betamethasone valerate mousse in comparison with standard therapies on XXXX : an open, multicentre, randomized, controlled, cross-over study on 241 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['plaque psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity28583 :: ('MESH:D012536', 'Disease') :: ['scalp dermatoses']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity9090 :: ('MESH:C011175', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone dipropionate']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriol']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity11885 :: ('MESH:C538225', 'Disease') :: ['scalp psoriasis']

answer: @entity11885 :: (MESH:C538225,Disease) :: ['scalp psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The scalp is a common area for @entity1569 . Corticosteroid-based lotions are the most widely used therapy in this clinical setting. A new formulation of @entity5935 valerate 0.12% in a thermophobic, low-residue foam vehicle (Bettamousse trade mark, Mipharm, Italy; @entity18668 ) is available for the treatment of @entity28583 . OBJECTIVES: In an open, investigator-blinded, multicentre (28 dermatology clinics), randomized, cross-over study, the efficacy, safety and @entity1 acceptability of @entity18668 in @entity11885 were evaluated in comparison with standard therapies (ST, i.e. @entity288 or @entity560 analogues). ST were chosen by each centre according to its usual therapeutic protocols. METHODS: In total, 241 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity11885 participated in the trial. After a 2-week run-in period, each active treatment ( @entity18668 or ST) was applied for 4 weeks, with a wash-out period between the two active treatment phases of at least 4 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated by investigators unaware of treatment sequence analysing a 'target' lesion for erythema, scaling, itching and burning using a five-point grading score. @entity1 treatment acceptability and assessment of the influence on Psoriasis Disability Index were evaluated using an eight-item modified Finlay-Khan questionnaire at baseline and at the end of each treatment period. Safety was evaluated by recording any adverse event occurring during the study duration. @entity18668 was applied twice daily, and ST were applied once or twice daily, according to the approved scheduled regimens. RESULTS: Analyses were by intention-to-treat. Two hundred and ten @entity1 concluded the study. Fifteen @entity1 withdrew from the study during @entity18668 treatment, and 16 during ST (not significantly different). Both treatments were well tolerated. At baseline, the mean +/- SD clinical global score (the 'Sum' score = erythema + scaling + itching + burning) was 7.6 +/- 2.6. The ST chosen were topical corticosteroids (55% of cases; mainly @entity10438 and @entity9090 ) or @entity2116 lotion (45% of cases). At the end of active treatments, @entity18668 was significantly superior to ST (P < 0.001) in reducing, as compared with baseline, the mean +/- SD Sum score (1.5 +/- 1.9 with @entity18668 and 3.1 +/- 2.7 with ST). During @entity18668 treatment, 88% (95% confidence interval, CI 82-94%) of @entity1 had a complete or nearly complete resolution of scaling in comparison with 66% (95% CI 58-74%) during ST therapy (P < 0.001). @entity18668 was also considered an easier and more convenient formulation to use in comparison with ST (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity18668 is more effective than lotion-based ST commonly used in the treatment of @entity11885 , and has higher @entity1 acceptability.

title: Efficacy of betamethasone valerate mousse in comparison with standard therapies on @entity11885 : an open, multicentre, randomized, controlled, cross-over study on 241 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: MDW4, a @entity3505 germ agglutinin (WGA)-resistant (WGAr) mutant of the metastatic @entity19 @entity5 cell line MDAY-D2, was previously shown to be nonmetastatic in the syngeneic @entity7840 /2 host. A substantial portion of the @entity2734 ( @entity2734 )-linked @entity1735 in MDW4 terminated in @entity3954 ( @entity4826 ) and appeared to be a premature truncation product of the sialylated @entity29607 -containing complex found in MDAY-D2 cells. This lesion in @entity1735 structure has been shown to contribute to the more adhesive behavior of MDW4 cells on laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen and to the increased sensitivity of MDW4 to natural killer (NK) cell lysis in vitro. For further characterization of the relationship between @entity2734 -linked @entity1735 structures, cell adhesion, NK cell sensitivity, and @entity3 , mutants of MDW4 were selected for resistance to the @entity4826 -binding lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds (BSII). Three independently selected BSII-resistant (BSIIr) mutants of MDW4 chosen for further study had a lectin resistance phenotype intermediate between that of MDAY-D2 and that of MDW4. Plasma membrane glycoproteins separated by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and stained with iodinated WGA, BSII, and leukoagglutinin also indicated an intermediate phenotype, with the presence of both @entity4826 -terminating structures and sialylated complex. Compared to MDW4, the BSIIr mutants of MDW4 showed a return to the more malignant phenotype of MDAY-D2 when injected iv. The double mutants were less sensitive to NK cell lysis in vitro and to the in vivo effects of the NK cell boosting agent @entity14018 . The double mutants retained the ability to attach to fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV in vitro, a property that may have contributed to their low malignancy when the cells were injected sc. MDW4 cells have been shown to fuse at low frequency with host-derived bone marrow cells at the sc site of injection, thereby acquiring the wild-type lectin resistance and metastatic phenotypes. The same process appears to occur in @entity19 given an injection of the double mutants. The results suggest that the WGA-binding oligosaccharides found in MDAY-D2 and the BSIIr mutants of MDW4 enhance the malignant phenotype of the cells in the experimental @entity3 assay.

title: Partial reversion of the metastatic phenotype in a XXXX germ agglutinin-resistant mutant of the @entity19 @entity5 cell line MDAY-D2 selected with Bandeiraea simplicifolia seed lectin.

entities_list: @entity29607 :: ('MESH:C037199', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-N-acetyllactosamine']

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylglucosamine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine', 'Asn']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: MDW4, a @entity3505 germ agglutinin (WGA)-resistant (WGAr) mutant of the metastatic @entity19 @entity5 cell line MDAY-D2, was previously shown to be nonmetastatic in the syngeneic @entity7840 /2 host. A substantial portion of the @entity2734 ( @entity2734 )-linked @entity1735 in MDW4 terminated in @entity3954 ( @entity4826 ) and appeared to be a premature truncation product of the sialylated @entity29607 -containing complex found in MDAY-D2 cells. This lesion in @entity1735 structure has been shown to contribute to the more adhesive behavior of MDW4 cells on laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen and to the increased sensitivity of MDW4 to natural killer (NK) cell lysis in vitro. For further characterization of the relationship between @entity2734 -linked @entity1735 structures, cell adhesion, NK cell sensitivity, and @entity3 , mutants of MDW4 were selected for resistance to the @entity4826 -binding lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds (BSII). Three independently selected BSII-resistant (BSIIr) mutants of MDW4 chosen for further study had a lectin resistance phenotype intermediate between that of MDAY-D2 and that of MDW4. Plasma membrane glycoproteins separated by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and stained with iodinated WGA, BSII, and leukoagglutinin also indicated an intermediate phenotype, with the presence of both @entity4826 -terminating structures and sialylated complex. Compared to MDW4, the BSIIr mutants of MDW4 showed a return to the more malignant phenotype of MDAY-D2 when injected iv. The double mutants were less sensitive to NK cell lysis in vitro and to the in vivo effects of the NK cell boosting agent @entity14018 . The double mutants retained the ability to attach to fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV in vitro, a property that may have contributed to their low malignancy when the cells were injected sc. MDW4 cells have been shown to fuse at low frequency with host-derived bone marrow cells at the sc site of injection, thereby acquiring the wild-type lectin resistance and metastatic phenotypes. The same process appears to occur in @entity19 given an injection of the double mutants. The results suggest that the WGA-binding oligosaccharides found in MDAY-D2 and the BSIIr mutants of MDW4 enhance the malignant phenotype of the cells in the experimental @entity3 assay.

title: Partial reversion of the metastatic phenotype in a @entity3505 germ agglutinin-resistant mutant of the @entity19 XXXX cell line MDAY-D2 selected with Bandeiraea simplicifolia seed lectin.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: MDW4, a @entity3505 germ agglutinin (WGA)-resistant (WGAr) mutant of the metastatic @entity19 @entity5 cell line MDAY-D2, was previously shown to be nonmetastatic in the syngeneic @entity7840 /2 host. A substantial portion of the @entity2734 ( @entity2734 )-linked @entity1735 in MDW4 terminated in @entity3954 ( @entity4826 ) and appeared to be a premature truncation product of the sialylated @entity29607 -containing complex found in MDAY-D2 cells. This lesion in @entity1735 structure has been shown to contribute to the more adhesive behavior of MDW4 cells on laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen and to the increased sensitivity of MDW4 to natural killer (NK) cell lysis in vitro. For further characterization of the relationship between @entity2734 -linked @entity1735 structures, cell adhesion, NK cell sensitivity, and @entity3 , mutants of MDW4 were selected for resistance to the @entity4826 -binding lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds (BSII). Three independently selected BSII-resistant (BSIIr) mutants of MDW4 chosen for further study had a lectin resistance phenotype intermediate between that of MDAY-D2 and that of MDW4. Plasma membrane glycoproteins separated by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and stained with iodinated WGA, BSII, and leukoagglutinin also indicated an intermediate phenotype, with the presence of both @entity4826 -terminating structures and sialylated complex. Compared to MDW4, the BSIIr mutants of MDW4 showed a return to the more malignant phenotype of MDAY-D2 when injected iv. The double mutants were less sensitive to NK cell lysis in vitro and to the in vivo effects of the NK cell boosting agent @entity14018 . The double mutants retained the ability to attach to fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV in vitro, a property that may have contributed to their low malignancy when the cells were injected sc. MDW4 cells have been shown to fuse at low frequency with host-derived bone marrow cells at the sc site of injection, thereby acquiring the wild-type lectin resistance and metastatic phenotypes. The same process appears to occur in @entity19 given an injection of the double mutants. The results suggest that the WGA-binding oligosaccharides found in MDAY-D2 and the BSIIr mutants of MDW4 enhance the malignant phenotype of the cells in the experimental @entity3 assay.

title: Partial reversion of the metastatic phenotype in a @entity3505 germ agglutinin-resistant mutant of the XXXX @entity5 cell line MDAY-D2 selected with Bandeiraea simplicifolia seed lectin.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to identify the role of mononuclear cells in @entity788 , the immune picture at the cellular level has been studied. The cytokine production at the individual cell level in response to in vitro stimulation can help in identifying the percentage of specific cell types producing a particular cytokine. METHODS: A total of 30 @entity1 with @entity656 ( @entity656 ; n = 15) and @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ; n = 15) were entered into the study and peripheral blood samples were drawn at the time of admission. A control group of 12 healthy individuals (age and sex matched) were also included in the study. Mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood from all three groups were separated on Ficoll gradient and labelled for surface antigens (i.e. cluster of differentiation ( @entity1050 )3, @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity2902 , @entity5750 and human leucocyte antigen D receptor (HLA-DR)) using monoclonal antibodies. The CD3+ and @entity5750 + cells were also stained for intracellular cytokines by specific monoclonal antibodies (i.e. for @entity379 , interleukin (IL)-2, @entity3646 _ @entity688 in CD3+ cells and @entity650 and IL-12 in @entity5750 + cells). These fluorochrome-labelled cells were analysed on the flow cytometer. RESULTS: The T-cell population is affected in @entity788 where the @entity404 + and @entity405 + T-cell numbers are significantly altered. There is a marked reduction in @entity404 + T cells in @entity656 and @entity1689 . The @entity405 + T cells were significantly reduced in @entity656 . The @entity3647 is expressed in large numbers in @entity656 and @entity1689 @entity1 groups. The T cells from the @entity1689 group had a typical @entity1199 , @entity3646 secreting pattern, while @entity656 @entity1 had a high @entity688 , @entity379 and low @entity1199 , @entity3646 population. The HLA-DR expression on monocytes differed significantly between the two groups, being strikingly reduced in chronic cases and significantly reduced in acute cases. The percentage of @entity650 -producing monocytes was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity656 as well as @entity1689 while IL-12 levels were higher in the @entity1689 than in the @entity656 group. CONCLUSIONS: T cells in @entity1689 are polarized towards the T-helper (Th)1 phenotype while the @entity656 @entity1 had a mixed population. This seems to be a part of immune deviation that is associated with development of @entity1689 and IL-12 appears to be instrumental in this process. The monocytes synthesize proinflammatory cytokines, which play an important role in the local and systemic consequences of the disease. In the disease clinical assessment such a study can provide useful information about the involvement of the immuno-inflammatory system.

title: Immunological findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN)-gamma']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['acute and chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study we aimed to define clinical, radiologic and pathological specialties of @entity1 who applied to General Surgery Department of Atat  rk University Medical Faculty with @entity10516 and show medical and surgical treatment results. With the help of this study we will be able to make our own clinical algorithm for diagnosis and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched retrospectively addresses, phone numbers and clinical files of 93 @entity1 whom diagnosed @entity10516 between a decade of January 2001 - December 2010. We noted demographic specialties, ages, gender, medical family history, main complaints, physical findings, radiological and laboratory findings, medical treatments, @entity260 and surgical procedures if they were operated; morbidity, recurrence and success ratios, complications after treatment for @entity1 discussed above. RESULTS: In this study we evaluated 93 @entity1 , 91 females and 2 males, with @entity10516 retrospectively who applied to General Surgery Department of Atat  rk University Medical Faculty between January 2001 and December 2010. Mean age was 34.4 years. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologic examination of the lesions. Seventy three @entity1 had idiopathic @entity1137 and 20 @entity1 had specific @entity10516 (18 tuberculosis @entity1271 , 1 @entity4281 and 1 silk reaction). All the @entity1 had surgical debridement or antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory treatment with results bad clinical response before applied our clinic. CONCLUSION: Empiric antibiotic therapy and drainage of the breast lesions are not enough for complete remission of idiopathic @entity10516 . The lesion must be excised completely. In selected @entity1 , corticosteroid therapy can be useful. In the @entity1 with @entity378 , @entity733 and antituberculous therapy can be useful, but wide excision must be chosen for the @entity1 with recurrent disease.

title: XXXX : A Ten-Year Experience at a University Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lobular mastitis']

entities_list: @entity10516 :: ('MESH:D058890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous mastitis', 'granulomatous mastitis IGM']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess drainage']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous mastitis']

entities_list: @entity4281 :: ('MESH:C536591', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar echinococcosis']

answer: @entity10516 :: (MESH:D058890,Disease) :: ['Granulomatous Mastitis']


abstract: @entity82 of @entity18299 have not been classified as related conditions. However, the present report describes a @entity1 with both @entity4262 and @entity6349 changes in the dentin. One @entity79 was first discovered on the right side of the mandible on a routine roentgenogram. There was an atypical radiolucency apical to a short-rooted molar with an obliterated pulp. @entity75 were found on the left side of the mandible in the maxilla, in the frontal and occipital bones, in the ilium, in the proximal ulnae, and in the ribs. All lesions demonstrated an increased uptake of Tc99. A biopsy specimen of bone from the right side of the mandible showed small calcified islands in a cell-rich connective tissue. Microscopic analysis of the right first molar showed irregularly shaped dentin with the dentinal tubules arranged in a whorl-like fashion surrounding an almost completely obliterated pulp chamber and canal. Healing after tooth extraction and after the bone biopsy was unremarkable. After 6 months the alveolus was reorganized and the bone patterns appeared normal, although the radiolucent areas inferior to the teeth remained unchanged. The concomitant occurrence of @entity6349 changes in bone and teeth may be a sign of a generalized defect in the mesenchymal hard-tissue-forming cells.

title: XXXX changes in the dentin.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity18299 :: ('MESH:D001848', 'Disease') :: ['bone and dentinal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Additional lesions']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['polyostotic fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity18299 :: (MESH:D001848,Disease) :: ['Fibrous dysplasia of bone and concomitant dysplastic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10211 is known to be the most effective treatment of severe and persistent acne. However, one of the most important adverse effects of this drug is known to be teratogenicity. In this regard, tests are administered before initiating the treatment, to assure that an unknown pregnancy is not present and accordingly, @entity1 are advised to take contraceptive precautions during their systemic @entity10211 treatments. On the contrary, many cases of unwanted pregnancies and relevant abortuses have been reported all over the world. In the Turkish literature, only a few reports have been identified about foetal exposure to @entity10211 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this respect, a study was carried out on fifty-seven female @entity1 , aiming to fulfil the gap of information mentioned above. Female @entity1 , with ages ranging between 14 and 35 years, were recruited to the study and they were administered @entity10211 treatments (cumulative dose of 120 mg/kg) for an average period of 6 months. The @entity1 were followed up during and after the treatment for a total period of 18 months. RESULTS: As a result, it has been observed that none of the @entity1 got pregnant during the treatment period and relevantly, no @entity854 were recorded. Moreover, none of the @entity1 got pregnant 12 months after the termination of the treatment. Additionally, the socio-demographic analysis of the @entity1 indicates that most of the @entity1 were single and 81% of the @entity1 were sexually inactive. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the low reportage of teratogenicity due to @entity10211 usage in @entity233 could be due to several reasons, such as the sociocultural profile of the female @entity1 undertaking the @entity10211 treatment, and strict adherence to contraceptive methods, and/or underreporting of teratogenic incidents due to lack of studies held in cooperation with obstetricians.

title: Systemic XXXX Treatment and Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Cohort Study from @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abortuses or foetal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin', 'Isotretinoin']

answer: @entity10211 :: (MESH:D015474,Chemical) :: ['Isotretinoin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10211 is known to be the most effective treatment of severe and persistent acne. However, one of the most important adverse effects of this drug is known to be teratogenicity. In this regard, tests are administered before initiating the treatment, to assure that an unknown pregnancy is not present and accordingly, @entity1 are advised to take contraceptive precautions during their systemic @entity10211 treatments. On the contrary, many cases of unwanted pregnancies and relevant abortuses have been reported all over the world. In the Turkish literature, only a few reports have been identified about foetal exposure to @entity10211 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this respect, a study was carried out on fifty-seven female @entity1 , aiming to fulfil the gap of information mentioned above. Female @entity1 , with ages ranging between 14 and 35 years, were recruited to the study and they were administered @entity10211 treatments (cumulative dose of 120 mg/kg) for an average period of 6 months. The @entity1 were followed up during and after the treatment for a total period of 18 months. RESULTS: As a result, it has been observed that none of the @entity1 got pregnant during the treatment period and relevantly, no @entity854 were recorded. Moreover, none of the @entity1 got pregnant 12 months after the termination of the treatment. Additionally, the socio-demographic analysis of the @entity1 indicates that most of the @entity1 were single and 81% of the @entity1 were sexually inactive. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the low reportage of teratogenicity due to @entity10211 usage in @entity233 could be due to several reasons, such as the sociocultural profile of the female @entity1 undertaking the @entity10211 treatment, and strict adherence to contraceptive methods, and/or underreporting of teratogenic incidents due to lack of studies held in cooperation with obstetricians.

title: Systemic @entity10211 Treatment and Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Cohort Study from XXXX .

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyponatraemia is a recognized association of the @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) and is also known to occur after the administration of intravenous infusion of gamma globulin (IVIG), a treatment often used in management of @entity5011 . AIMS: To document serum @entity1372 concentration in @entity5011 @entity1 before, during and after management procedures (including IVIG) positive pressure ventilation ( @entity2286 ) and the use of medications capable of causing a low serum @entity1372 . To consider whether pseudohyponatraemia might be a contributory factor. To assess whether hyponatraemia is a predictor of poor outcome. METHODS: Clinical record audit of 84 @entity1 with @entity5011 admitted to Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand, over a 10-year period. RESULTS: Serum @entity1372 concentration was significantly low (<133 mmol/L) in 26 of 84 (31%) @entity1 . In 12 of these cases the hyponatraemia developed during or after IVIG, suggesting that pseudo-hyponatraemia was a contributing factor. Six (7%) significantly hyponatraemic @entity1 died, but no eunatraemic or slightly hyponatraemic @entity1 died (P = 0.001). Six of 38 @entity1 aged > or =50 years died, whereas none of the 46 @entity1 aged <50 years died (P = 0.007). Five of 19 ventilated @entity1 died but only one of 65 non-ventilated died (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Significant hyponatraemia occurred in 26 (31%) of the @entity1 , but in 12 of these it appeared likely that pseudohyponatraemia caused by IVIG was a contributing factor. Hyponatraemic @entity1 have a poorer prognosis than eunatraemic @entity1 , however it is difficult to separate this factor from other poor prognostic factors (older age and @entity2286 ).

title: XXXX and hyponatraemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 is one of the most common @entity102 involving different age groups. Because the nature and etiology of chronic @entity1244 are not completely known, there is not any standard treatment for this disease. It has been suggested that low-level laser can be used in treating chronic @entity1244 but there are limited studies about its usage. In this research, intra-oral radiation of low-level laser has been described and implemented for the first time. Suggested hypotheses about the efficacy of this type of radiation (intra-oral) in treating @entity1180 includes this fact that the depth of maxilla's vestibule is also the @entity50 collect in this area because of gravity effect. Therefore, with considering suitable radiation angle, this area gets the most benefits of laser's anti-inflammatory effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, 20 @entity1 with @entity1180 were included. They were assessed before and after treatment. Treatment plan was performed in 8 sessions every other days using low-level diode laser with 810 nm. Snot-22 questionnaire and rhinomanometry were used for evaluating @entity1 . Changes of signs and symptoms were recorded in questionnaire every session and 6 months after treatment. Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analyses. In this study, P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: All variables and all symptoms of @entity1 were improved using intra-oral low-level laser and this improvement was statistically significant (P value<0.05). There was also significant decrease in nasal airway resistance and significant increase in air flow (P value<0.05). Six month after treatment completion, there was no significant difference between the results of completion and the results of 8th treatment session (P value< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Using intra-oral low-level laser is a suitable way to treat @entity1 with @entity1180 . Key words: @entity102 , maxillary @entity1244 , low-level laser.

title: Intra-oral low level laser therapy in XXXX : A new and effective recommended technique.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic sinusitis', 'chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['chronic maxillary sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['floor of maxillary sinus and sinus discharges']

answer: @entity1180 :: (MESH:D015523,Disease) :: ['chronic maxillary sinusitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been reported that 15-20% of parous female have experienced at least one miscarriage, while 3% of them have experienced two miscarriages. The goal of this study was to evaluate the plasma level of coagulation factors in @entity1 with a history of @entity2208 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, 82 @entity1 with a history of two or more abortions referred to the six private gynecologic clinics in Gorgan city without any structural abnormality were recruited during 2011-2012. Plasma levels of @entity5582 ( @entity5582 ) using colorimetric assay, protein C, protein S, @entity5337 and @entity4555 ( @entity4555 ) using coagulation method were measured. The control group was @entity1 with a history of normal delivery and no abortions. Those under anti-coagulant therapy were excluded from the study. Data were entered into the computer using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) version 16 and analyzed by Chi-square, t test and non-parametric tests. RESULTS: At least one abnormality was reported in 35 cases (42.7%). Among them, @entity7131 was the most prevalent (30.5%). @entity5582 was abnormal in 17.1% and lupus anti-coagulant was abnormal in 8.5%. @entity5337 was normal in all cases and @entity4889 was only seen in one case. CONCLUSION: We suggest to perform these tests in regards to the @entity49 in cases with @entity2208 in order to find an early cure for this treatable disorder.

title: Evaluation of Some Plasma Coagulation Factors in XXXX with Spontaneous Miscarriage.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions']

entities_list: @entity5337 :: ('2153', 'Gene') :: ['Factor V Leiden', 'factor V Leiden']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['protein S deficiency']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant', 'LAC']

entities_list: @entity5582 :: ('462', 'Gene') :: ['ATIII', 'antithrombin III']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Defensive traits exhibited by plants vary widely across populations. Heritable phenotypic differentiation is likely to be produced by genetic drift and spatially restricted gene flow between populations. However, spatially variable selection exerted by herbivores may also give rise to differences among populations. To explore to what extent these factors promote the among-population differentiation of plant resistance of 13 populations of @entity23912 , we compared the degree of phenotypic differentiation (P ST) of leaf resistance traits (trichome density, @entity3897 and @entity5591 concentration) against neutral genetic differentiation (F ST) at microsatellite loci. Results showed that phenotypic differentiation in defensive traits among-population is not consistent with divergence promoted by genetic drift and restricted gene flow alone. Phenotypic differentiation in @entity5591 concentration was significantly higher than F ST across the range of trait heritability values. In contrast, genetic differentiation in trichome density was different from F ST only when heritability was very low. On the other hand, differentiation in @entity3897 concentration differed from the neutral expectation when heritability was less than or equal to 0.3. In addition, we did not find a significant correlation between pair-wise neutral genetic distances and distances of phenotypic resistance traits. Our findings reinforce previous evidence that divergent natural selection exerted by herbivores has promoted the among-population phenotypic differentiation of defensive traits in @entity23912 .

title: Adaptive divergence in resistance to herbivores in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity23912 :: ('4076', 'Species') :: ['Datura stramonium', 'D. stramonium']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity23912 :: (4076,Species) :: ['Datura stramonium']


abstract: The authors conducted a retrospective hospital-based chart review of cases of @entity1381 among @entity1 less than or equal to 18 years of age, hospitalized in Oregon during the four-year period from January 1979 to December 1982. Thirty @entity1 with @entity1381 living in Oregon were hospitalized during this period, for an average annual incidence of 0.97 cases per 100,000 @entity1 . Seventy per cent of cases occurred in @entity1 under five years of age, for an incidence of 2.65 cases per 100,000 @entity1 . Twenty-seven (90%) of the 30 @entity1 were white, and 17 (57%) were female. Twenty-four (80%) had a diarrheal prodromal illness including 20 who had bloody @entity294 . Twelve @entity1 (40%) acutely required peritoneal dialysis, and two (7%) developed @entity177 . Three @entity1 died, for a case fatality ratio of 10%. Sixty per cent of the 30 cases occurred during the summer and early fall months. Geographic clustering was also evident. @entity1381 is a rare but @entity66 in Oregon and may occur in small clusters. Although descriptions of several large series of @entity1 have been published, this study describes the first statewide population-based study of this syndrome.

title: A population-based study of XXXX in Oregon, 1979-1982.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['Hemolytic-uremic syndrome', 'hemolytic-uremic syndrome']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['hemolytic-uremic syndrome']


abstract: Thyroid hormone is an essential modulator of brain development, but little is known about its actions in the adult brain. @entity1375 is associated with gene expression changes in both central and peripheral nervous tissue. Functional consequences of adult-onset @entity1375 include an inability to produce long-term potentiation in @entity35 hippocampus and @entity73 in both @entity35 and @entity1 . Long-term potentiation is a form of learning that is dependent on functional @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-preferring ionotropic @entity2227 receptors. This work examines the expression of ionotropic @entity2227 receptor subunit mRNA following surgical thyroidectomy with or without @entity6145 replacement. In situ hybridization histochemistry was used to determine the mRNA levels of the @entity143 receptor subunits @entity4474 , @entity4476 , @entity4319 , the @entity140 receptor subunit @entity4860 , and the @entity4176 receptor subunit @entity8036 . Reducing circulating concentrations of thyroid hormone by surgical removal of the thyroid gland 2 weeks before sacrifice decreased the expression of @entity4474 mRNA exclusively in the hippocampus. Conversely, @entity1378 selectively reduced @entity4319 mRNA expression in the dorsal hippocampus. Altering thyroid hormone status had no effect on the expression of @entity8036 or @entity4860 subunit mRNA. The regulation of expression of @entity4474 and @entity4319 mRNA by thyroid hormone is a novel mechanism for explaining the relationship between thyroid hormone and cognitive function.

title: Thyroid hormone regulation of XXXX receptor subunit mRNA expression in adult brain.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired learning and memory']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']


abstract: Low-energy helium-neon lasers (632.8 nm) have been employed in a variety of clinical treatments including @entity1694 management. Light-mediated reaction to low-energy laser irradiation is referred to as biostimulation rather than a thermal effect. This study sought to determine the theoretical basis and clinical evidence for the effectiveness of helium-neon lasers in treating @entity1694 . Cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts were irradiated with 0.5-1.5 J per cm2 helium-neon laser radiation. The effects of the helium-neon laser on melanocyte growth and proliferation were investigated. The results of this in vitro study revealed a significant increase in basic fibroblast growth factor release from both keratinocytes and fibroblasts and a significant increase in nerve growth factor release from keratinocytes. Medium from helium-neon laser irradiated keratinocytes stimulated @entity665 uptake and proliferation of cultured melanocytes. Furthermore, melanocyte migration was enhanced either directly by helium-neon laser irradiation or indirectly by the medium derived from helium-neon laser treated keratinocytes. Thirty @entity1 with @entity1347 on the head and/or neck were enrolled in this study. Helium-neon laser light was administered locally at 3.0 J per cm2 with point stimulation once or twice weekly. The percentage of repigmented area was used for clinical evaluation of effectiveness. After an average of 16 treatment sessions, initial repigmentation was noticed. Marked repigmentation (>50%) was observed in 60% of @entity1 with successive treatments. Basic fibroblast growth factor is a putative melanocyte growth factor, whereas nerve growth factor is a paracrine factor for melanocyte survival in the skin. Both nerve growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor stimulate melanocyte migration. It is reasonable to propose that helium-neon laser irradiation clearly stimulates melanocyte migration and proliferation and mitogen release for melanocyte growth and may also rescue damaged melanocytes, therefore providing a microenvironment for inducing repigmentation in @entity1694 .

title: Helium-neon laser irradiation stimulates migration and proliferation in melanocytes and induces repigmentation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental-type vitiligo']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['segmental-type vitiligo']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To gather knowledge about effective return-to-work (RTW) interventions for @entity1 with acquired @entity1545 (ABI). METHODS: A database search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library using keywords and Medical Subject Headings. Studies were included if they met inclusion criteria: adult @entity1 with non-progressive ABI, working @entity130 and an intervention principally designed to improve RTW as an outcome. The methodological quality of included studies was determined and evidence was assessed qualitatively. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included, of which five were randomized controlled trials and seven were cohort studies. Nine studies had sufficient methodological quality. There is strong evidence that work-directed interventions in combination with education/ @entity15285 are effective regarding RTW and there are indicative findings for the effectiveness of work-directed interventions in combination with skills training and education/ @entity15285 . Reported components of the most effective interventions were tailored approach, early intervention, involvement of @entity1 and employer, work or workplace accommodations, work practice and training of social and work-related skills, including coping and emotional support. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Effective RTW interventions for @entity1 with ABI are a combination of work-directed interventions, @entity15285 /education and/or skills training. These interventions have the potential to facilitate sustained RTW for @entity1 with ABI.

title: Effective return-to-work interventions after acquired XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pre-injury']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Treatment of @entity0 involves an association of conservative surgery and radiotherapy. This implies various cutaneous complications, well known for their clinical and histological aspects. Little data are available concerning modifications of the cutaneous microrelief after radiotherapy. We have done a profilometric analysis of the skin of @entity0 @entity1 treated with surgery and radiotherapy. The results obtained on the irradiated breast have been compared with the ones of the controlateral normal breast. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 , 43-55 year old were enrolled in the study 6-16 months after the end of a treatment associating conservative surgery and radiotherapy for @entity0 . Imprints using a @entity1346 rubber material were performed over symmetrical areas of the treated breast and the controlateral one. All measures were performed over the upper-medial quadrant of each breast. The imprints are then blindly analysed using an image analyser. The following parameters were measured: @entity309 (average roughness of the skin), RZ (average of the @entity92 ), @entity41 ( @entity41 ), Rn (number of furrows) and AR (space between the furrows). RESULTS: The comparison of the imprints shows important modifications of the microrelief after irradiation. We observe a slight increase of the skin roughness ( @entity309 : 26, 39 +/- 2, 58 versus 21, 84 +/- 1, 59), a significantly increase of the @entity92 (RZ: 121, 66 +/- 10, 46 versus 101, 26 +/- 6, 99) along with an increase of the @entity41 ( @entity41 : 580, 60 +/- 60, 60 versus 450, 46 +/- 48, 43). The number of furrows has not significantly decreased but the space between the furrows has increased on the irradiated breast. CONCLUSION: This study shows a breakdown effect of irradiation on the skin in correlation with the @entity82 inducing by ionising radiation. The imprints modifications are clearly different from those usually observed in the ageing process. Our results can be a basis for studying the effects of treatments on cutaneous complications linked to the radiation-induced @entity82 .

title: Radiation-induced skin XXXX after treatment of @entity0 : profilometric analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual length', 'RS']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['furrows depth']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Treatment of @entity0 involves an association of conservative surgery and radiotherapy. This implies various cutaneous complications, well known for their clinical and histological aspects. Little data are available concerning modifications of the cutaneous microrelief after radiotherapy. We have done a profilometric analysis of the skin of @entity0 @entity1 treated with surgery and radiotherapy. The results obtained on the irradiated breast have been compared with the ones of the controlateral normal breast. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 , 43-55 year old were enrolled in the study 6-16 months after the end of a treatment associating conservative surgery and radiotherapy for @entity0 . Imprints using a @entity1346 rubber material were performed over symmetrical areas of the treated breast and the controlateral one. All measures were performed over the upper-medial quadrant of each breast. The imprints are then blindly analysed using an image analyser. The following parameters were measured: @entity309 (average roughness of the skin), RZ (average of the @entity92 ), @entity41 ( @entity41 ), Rn (number of furrows) and AR (space between the furrows). RESULTS: The comparison of the imprints shows important modifications of the microrelief after irradiation. We observe a slight increase of the skin roughness ( @entity309 : 26, 39 +/- 2, 58 versus 21, 84 +/- 1, 59), a significantly increase of the @entity92 (RZ: 121, 66 +/- 10, 46 versus 101, 26 +/- 6, 99) along with an increase of the @entity41 ( @entity41 : 580, 60 +/- 60, 60 versus 450, 46 +/- 48, 43). The number of furrows has not significantly decreased but the space between the furrows has increased on the irradiated breast. CONCLUSION: This study shows a breakdown effect of irradiation on the skin in correlation with the @entity82 inducing by ionising radiation. The imprints modifications are clearly different from those usually observed in the ageing process. Our results can be a basis for studying the effects of treatments on cutaneous complications linked to the radiation-induced @entity82 .

title: Radiation-induced skin @entity82 after treatment of XXXX : profilometric analysis.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Rapid correction of chronic @entity2753 is known to cause @entity17 , which are attributed to the rapid shift of water out of the brain. In @entity1381 @entity1 with @entity2753 , depending on the dialysate @entity1372 concentration and delivered Kt/V, serum @entity1372 levels may be rapidly corrected inadvertently during the hemodialysis (HD) session. It is not known whether @entity1381 @entity1 are as susceptible to the development of @entity17 as @entity1 with normal renal function. Since urea diffuses slowly across the blood-brain barrier, it can act as an effective osmole between plasma and the brain if levels are changed abruptly. During HD, blood @entity1133 levels drop suddenly and significantly and @entity2657 may develop (dialysis disequilibrium syndrome). This effect may counteract the fluid shift out of the brain during correction of @entity2753 . Therefore, theoretically, @entity1381 @entity1 may be less prone to develop @entity17 . We present a @entity1 with @entity177 whose @entity2753 was corrected rapidly during HD to illustrate the potential problem. The @entity1 tolerated rapid correction of @entity2753 without sustaining any @entity16 . We performed a literature search looking for similar case reports and reviewed the scientific evidence behind the above hypothesis.

title: Does uremia protect against the XXXX associated with correction of @entity2753 during hemodialysis? A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination syndromes', 'demyelination']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic damage']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['demyelination']


abstract: Rapid correction of chronic @entity2753 is known to cause @entity17 , which are attributed to the rapid shift of water out of the brain. In @entity1381 @entity1 with @entity2753 , depending on the dialysate @entity1372 concentration and delivered Kt/V, serum @entity1372 levels may be rapidly corrected inadvertently during the hemodialysis (HD) session. It is not known whether @entity1381 @entity1 are as susceptible to the development of @entity17 as @entity1 with normal renal function. Since urea diffuses slowly across the blood-brain barrier, it can act as an effective osmole between plasma and the brain if levels are changed abruptly. During HD, blood @entity1133 levels drop suddenly and significantly and @entity2657 may develop (dialysis disequilibrium syndrome). This effect may counteract the fluid shift out of the brain during correction of @entity2753 . Therefore, theoretically, @entity1381 @entity1 may be less prone to develop @entity17 . We present a @entity1 with @entity177 whose @entity2753 was corrected rapidly during HD to illustrate the potential problem. The @entity1 tolerated rapid correction of @entity2753 without sustaining any @entity16 . We performed a literature search looking for similar case reports and reviewed the scientific evidence behind the above hypothesis.

title: Does uremia protect against the @entity17 associated with correction of XXXX during hemodialysis? A case report and literature review.

answer: @entity2753 :: (MESH:D007010,Disease) :: ['hyponatremia']


abstract: The combination treatment of @entity1138 (M), @entity1891 (V), and @entity900 (P) ( @entity27810 ) in 63 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were evaluated for their potential synergistic @entity137 . The overall response rate was 43% (27/63); in the 54 eligible and evaluable @entity1 , the response rate was 50% (27/54). Responses were observed in all cell types and disease sites. Cell type; performance status of 0, 1, or 2; sex; and age younger or older than 60 years did not significantly influence the response rate. However, @entity1 with prior radiation had significantly more treatment failure than those without. The dose-limiting side effects in these 54 @entity1 were myelosuppression (40%), @entity3794 (9%), @entity1897 (6%), and intractable @entity390 and @entity391 (4%). The degree of @entity1431 (P less than 0.01) but not of @entity882 increased significantly in @entity1 who had received prior radiotherapy. One @entity1 died of marked @entity882 and one of fulminant @entity99 . @entity1 who responded lived significantly longer than those who did not (P less than 0.004). A majority of the responders (82%) also achieved symptomatic palliation. With appropriate dose modification and supportive care, @entity27810 was tolerable. Further trials with this regimen or a modified version are worth consideration.

title: Phase II evaluation of a combination of @entity1138 , @entity1891 , and XXXX in advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The combination treatment of @entity1138 (M), @entity1891 (V), and @entity900 (P) ( @entity27810 ) in 63 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were evaluated for their potential synergistic @entity137 . The overall response rate was 43% (27/63); in the 54 eligible and evaluable @entity1 , the response rate was 50% (27/54). Responses were observed in all cell types and disease sites. Cell type; performance status of 0, 1, or 2; sex; and age younger or older than 60 years did not significantly influence the response rate. However, @entity1 with prior radiation had significantly more treatment failure than those without. The dose-limiting side effects in these 54 @entity1 were myelosuppression (40%), @entity3794 (9%), @entity1897 (6%), and intractable @entity390 and @entity391 (4%). The degree of @entity1431 (P less than 0.01) but not of @entity882 increased significantly in @entity1 who had received prior radiotherapy. One @entity1 died of marked @entity882 and one of fulminant @entity99 . @entity1 who responded lived significantly longer than those who did not (P less than 0.004). A majority of the responders (82%) also achieved symptomatic palliation. With appropriate dose modification and supportive care, @entity27810 was tolerable. Further trials with this regimen or a modified version are worth consideration.

title: Phase II evaluation of a combination of XXXX , @entity1891 , and @entity900 in advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: The combination treatment of @entity1138 (M), @entity1891 (V), and @entity900 (P) ( @entity27810 ) in 63 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were evaluated for their potential synergistic @entity137 . The overall response rate was 43% (27/63); in the 54 eligible and evaluable @entity1 , the response rate was 50% (27/54). Responses were observed in all cell types and disease sites. Cell type; performance status of 0, 1, or 2; sex; and age younger or older than 60 years did not significantly influence the response rate. However, @entity1 with prior radiation had significantly more treatment failure than those without. The dose-limiting side effects in these 54 @entity1 were myelosuppression (40%), @entity3794 (9%), @entity1897 (6%), and intractable @entity390 and @entity391 (4%). The degree of @entity1431 (P less than 0.01) but not of @entity882 increased significantly in @entity1 who had received prior radiotherapy. One @entity1 died of marked @entity882 and one of fulminant @entity99 . @entity1 who responded lived significantly longer than those who did not (P less than 0.004). A majority of the responders (82%) also achieved symptomatic palliation. With appropriate dose modification and supportive care, @entity27810 was tolerable. Further trials with this regimen or a modified version are worth consideration.

title: Phase II evaluation of a combination of @entity1138 , XXXX , and @entity900 in advanced @entity1149 .

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: The combination treatment of @entity1138 (M), @entity1891 (V), and @entity900 (P) ( @entity27810 ) in 63 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were evaluated for their potential synergistic @entity137 . The overall response rate was 43% (27/63); in the 54 eligible and evaluable @entity1 , the response rate was 50% (27/54). Responses were observed in all cell types and disease sites. Cell type; performance status of 0, 1, or 2; sex; and age younger or older than 60 years did not significantly influence the response rate. However, @entity1 with prior radiation had significantly more treatment failure than those without. The dose-limiting side effects in these 54 @entity1 were myelosuppression (40%), @entity3794 (9%), @entity1897 (6%), and intractable @entity390 and @entity391 (4%). The degree of @entity1431 (P less than 0.01) but not of @entity882 increased significantly in @entity1 who had received prior radiotherapy. One @entity1 died of marked @entity882 and one of fulminant @entity99 . @entity1 who responded lived significantly longer than those who did not (P less than 0.004). A majority of the responders (82%) also achieved symptomatic palliation. With appropriate dose modification and supportive care, @entity27810 was tolerable. Further trials with this regimen or a modified version are worth consideration.

title: Phase II evaluation of a combination of @entity1138 , @entity1891 , and @entity900 in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Consanguineous marriage is a widely practised social custom in Asia and northern Africa. In south India, Dravidian Hindus have contracted consanguineous marriages for over 2,000 years. In the present study, the influence of consanguinity on the prevalence of @entity227 was examined in @entity1 attending a specialist genetic eye clinic. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 2,335 @entity1 attending Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India, were screened for @entity74 over a five-year period. The @entity1 were drawn from all parts of India and from neighbouring countries in south Asia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Six hundred and seventy-three (28.8%) of the @entity1 tested for ophthalmic @entity74 reported a family history of consanguinity. The majority (n = 574) of these families were from south India. In the @entity1 group as a whole, the most common form of consanguineous union was between first cousins (n = 367), followed by uncle/niece marriage (n = 177), equivalent to a mean coefficient of inbreeding alpha = 0.0202. Among the consanguineous families, 430 of 673 (63.9%) had @entity6391 , 167 of these cases were autosomal recessive and 199 were isolated cases. The public in regions such as south India should be made aware of the merits and demerits of consanguineous marriages.

title: Consanguinity and XXXX in South India: analysis of a five-year study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'genetic eye disorders']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['ocular genetic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since 2007 the Danish Health and Medicines Authority has advised total @entity285 abstinence from the time of trying to conceive and throughout pregnancy. The prevalence of binge drinking among pregnant Danish @entity1 has nevertheless been reported to be up to 48  % during early pregnancy. Since the introduction of the recommendation of total abstinence, no studies have examined pre-pregnancy lifestyle and reproductive risk factors associated with this behaviour in a Danish context. The aims of this study were therefore to describe the prevalence of weekly @entity285 consumption and binge drinking in early pregnancy among @entity1 living in the capital of Denmark. Secondly to identify pre-pregnancy lifestyle and reproductive risk factors associated with binge drinking during early pregnancy. METHODS: Data were collected from September 2012 to August 2013 at the Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Self-reported information on each @entity1 's socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, and lifestyle factors including @entity285 habits was obtained from an electronic questionnaire filled out as part of the individual medical record. Descriptive analysis was conducted and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the potential associated risk factors (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)). RESULTS: Questionnaires from 3,238 @entity1 were included. A majority of 70  %, reported weekly @entity285 consumption before pregnancy. The prevalence decreased to 3  % during early pregnancy. The overall proportion of @entity1 reporting binge drinking during early pregnancy was 35  % (n   =   1,134). The following independent risk factors for binge drinking in early pregnancy were identified: lower degree of planned pregnancy, smoking and @entity285 habits before pregnancy ((1 unit/weekly aOR 4.48, CI: 3.14 - 6.40), (2-7 units aOR 10.23, CI: 7.44-14.06), (>= 8 units aOR 33.18, CI: 19.53-56.36)). Multiparity and the use of assisted reproductive technology were associated with lower odds of binge drinking in early pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of weekly @entity285 consumption decreased considerably during early pregnancy compared with pre-pregnancy levels. Nevertheless one third of the pregnant @entity1 engaged in binge drinking. Identification of risk factors for this behaviour renders it possible not only to design prevention strategies, but also to target those most at risk.

title: XXXX consumption and binge drinking in early pregnancy. A cross-sectional study with data from the Copenhagen Pregnancy Cohort.

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: Pulmonary artery catheters are frequently used to measure @entity358 , particularly the pulmonary wedge pressure (Pw), which reflects pulmonary venous and ideally left atrial pressures. However, the pulmonary capillary pressure (Pc) is the major force in the formation of @entity3126 . Unfortunately, Pw has been interpreted as being identical to Pc. In this study we used 7-Fr pulmonary artery catheters to measure effective Pc in closed-chest animals and @entity1 . The decreasing pressure profile after pulmonary @entity432 was separated into fast and slow components, with the inflection point between them representing Pc. Pc was also estimated by mathematically analyzing the curves in terms of a precapillary resistance, a large pulmonary capillary capacitor, and a postcapillary resistance. In @entity235 , Pc was determined after pulmonary vascular resistance had been increased by infusing @entity750 and @entity112 . While Pw remained unchanged, @entity750 increased pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) 52% and @entity72336 %, whereas @entity112 increased Ppa only 25%, but increased Pc by 35%. This is consistent with studies showing that @entity750 primarily elevates precapillary resistance, and @entity112 increases postcapillary resistance. In thoracic surgery @entity1 , Pc was not consistently related to Pw. This measurement was simple, reproducible, and provided a more precise capillary filtration pressure than Pw. It should be clinically useful in monitoring @entity1 with @entity120 and adult @entity649 , especially those with pulmonary artery catheters.

title: Measurement of effective pulmonary capillary pressure using the pressure profile after pulmonary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular pressures']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Ovarian germline stem cells (OGSCs) have been shown to mainly exist in the @entity2670 ( @entity2670 ), but the activity changes of germline stem cells during different reproductive stages and the potential regulatory signaling pathway are still unknown. The Notch signaling pathway plays a key role in cell development, primordial follicles and stem cell proliferation. However, whether it plays a role in the proliferation of OGSCs is unknown. Here, we analyzed the activity changes of germline stem cells and the correlation between germline stem cells and the Notch signaling pathway. METHODS: The expression of germline stem cell markers @entity29921 , Ooc4 and the Notch molecules @entity5234 , @entity10351 , and @entity18120 were detected during 3 days (3d), and 2, 12, 20 months (2m, 12m, 20m) @entity19 @entity2670 samples. @entity68657 , a specific inhibitor of the Notch pathway, was used to observe the influence of Notch signaling in the germline stem cells. RESULTS: The results showed that the levels of @entity29921 and @entity7002 decreased substantially with reproductive age in @entity2670 , and the same tendency was detected in the Notch signaling molecules @entity5234 , @entity10351 and @entity18120 . Dual-IF results showed that the germline stem cell markers were co-expressed with Notch molecules in the @entity2670 . While, the expression of @entity29921 and @entity7002 were reduced when the ovaries were treated with @entity68657 and the levels were attenuated with increasing dose of @entity68657 . CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results indicate that the viability of OGSCs decreased with the age of the @entity19 ovaries, and the activity of OGSCs in the @entity2670 may be related to the Notch signaling pathway.

title: The Expression of Markers Related to Ovarian Germline Stem Cells in the XXXX Ovarian Surface Epithelium and the Correlation with Notch Signaling Pathway.

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['OSE', 'ovarian surface epithelium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: @entity5026 is a common condition affecting most @entity1 at some stage in their reproductive life. @entity5026 is resistant to treatment in 6% of cyclical and 26% non-cyclical @entity1 . Surgery is not widely used to treat this condition and only considered in @entity1 with severe @entity5026 resistant to medication. The aims of this study were to audit the efficacy of surgery in severe treatment resistant @entity5026 and to assess @entity1 satisfaction following surgery. This is a retrospective review of the medical records of all @entity1 seen in @entity5026 clinic in the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff since 1973. A postal questionnaire was distributed to all @entity1 who had undergone surgery. Results showed that of the 1054 @entity1 seen in @entity5026 clinic, 12 (1.2%) had undergone surgery. Surgery included 8 subcutaneous mastectomies with implants (3 bilateral, 5 unilateral), 1 bilateral simple mastectomy and 3 quadrantectomies (1 having a further simple mastectomy). The median duration of symptoms was 6.5 years (range 2-16 years). Five @entity1 (50%) were @entity158 free following surgery, 3 developed capsular @entity1159 with dehiscence. @entity158 persisted in both @entity1 undergoing quadrantectomy. We conclude that surgery for @entity5026 should only be considered in a minority of @entity1 . @entity1 should be informed of possible complications inherent of reconstructive surgery and warned that in 50% cases their @entity158 will not be improved.

title: Is there a role for surgery in the treatment of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['mastalgia', 'Breast pain', 'Mastalgia']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures and 2 wound infections']

answer: @entity5026 :: (MESH:D059373,Disease) :: ['mastalgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review systematically the frequency and prognostic significance of @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity510 ( @entity244 ). METHODS: Papers relating to @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity510 were retrieved. The only studies considered were those with at least 10 consecutive cases of @entity510 with or without @entity548 . The frequency of @entity548 in such cases was calculated in prospective and retrospective studies. Mortality was compared in @entity1 with and without @entity244 . RESULTS: 154 papers were reviewed. Three prospective studies and six retrospective studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of 181 @entity1 with @entity510 assessed prospectively (mean age, 51.7 years), 24 (13%) had @entity548 ; among 1086 retrospective records, 37 (3%) had documented @entity548 (p<0.001). @entity1 with @entity244 had higher Hunt and Hess grades than those without (mean grade, 3.6 v 2.6). @entity1 with @entity244 were also more likely to die (13 of 30 (43%) v 31 of 342 (9%); odds ratio 4.8; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Prospective studies show a higher frequency of @entity244 than retrospective studies, suggesting that @entity548 is not well documented. @entity548 is an adverse prognostic finding in @entity1 with @entity510 .

title: A systematic review of XXXX : frequency and prognosis after @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Terson's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Vitreous haemorrhage', 'vitreous haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Terson's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review systematically the frequency and prognostic significance of @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity510 ( @entity244 ). METHODS: Papers relating to @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity510 were retrieved. The only studies considered were those with at least 10 consecutive cases of @entity510 with or without @entity548 . The frequency of @entity548 in such cases was calculated in prospective and retrospective studies. Mortality was compared in @entity1 with and without @entity244 . RESULTS: 154 papers were reviewed. Three prospective studies and six retrospective studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Of 181 @entity1 with @entity510 assessed prospectively (mean age, 51.7 years), 24 (13%) had @entity548 ; among 1086 retrospective records, 37 (3%) had documented @entity548 (p<0.001). @entity1 with @entity244 had higher Hunt and Hess grades than those without (mean grade, 3.6 v 2.6). @entity1 with @entity244 were also more likely to die (13 of 30 (43%) v 31 of 342 (9%); odds ratio 4.8; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Prospective studies show a higher frequency of @entity244 than retrospective studies, suggesting that @entity548 is not well documented. @entity548 is an adverse prognostic finding in @entity1 with @entity510 .

title: A systematic review of @entity244 : frequency and prognosis after XXXX .

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: Inclusions of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) in the maturation medium increased the conversion frequency of white spruce somatic embryos without the need of a partial drying treatment (PDT). This beneficial effect was the result of major alterations in morphology and gene expression during the maturation period. Compared with control embryos, @entity2197 -treated embryos showed a differential accumulation of storage products, i.e. preferential deposition of starch, the reduced formation of protein bodies, and increased vacuolation of cells. These morphological changes correlated with extensive alterations of gene expression occurring throughout the maturation period. The transcript profiles of stage-specific embryos matured with or without @entity2197 were analysed using a DNA microarray containing 2 178 cDNAs from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). The efficiency of heterologous hybridization between spruce and pine species on microarrays has previously been documented. The results indicate that several genes involved in a variety of signal regulatory pathways were differentially expressed in developing @entity2197 - treated embryos. The transcript levels of many genes involved in @entity1735 metabolism and protein synthesis were altered by the presence of @entity2197 and denoted differences in physiology between treatments. Extensive changes in the expression of genes participating in hormone synthesis, @entity377 metabolism, and meristem formation were also observed and related to the post-embryonic performance of the embryos.

title: The effect of XXXX on morphology and gene expression of white spruce (Picea glauca) somatic embryos.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['reduced glutathione']


abstract: @entity1 presenting with subacute @entity2730 are frequently seen in acute neurological practice. Amongst the differential diagnoses, herpes simplex @entity198 , @entity9137 and @entity14204 should be considered. @entity14204 is typically a @entity8231 with a poor prognosis; thus, identifying those @entity1 with potentially reversible symptoms is important. Voltage-gated @entity972 channel antibodies (VGKC-Ab) have recently been reported in three cases of reversible @entity14204 . Here we review the clinical, immunological and neuropsychological features of 10 @entity1 (nine male, one female; age range 44-79 years), eight of whom were identified in two centres over a period of 15 months. The @entity1 presented with 1-52 week histories of @entity2414 , @entity911 and @entity410 . Low plasma @entity1372 concentrations, initially resistant to treatment, were present in eight out of 10. Brain MRI at onset showed signal change in the medial temporal lobes in eight out of 10 cases. Paraneoplastic antibodies were negative, but VGKC-Ab ranged from 450 to 5128 pM (neurological and healthy controls <100 pM). CSF oligoclonal bands were found in only one, but bands matched with those in the serum were found in six other @entity1 . VGKC-Abs in the CSF, tested in five individuals, varied between <1 and 10% of serum values. Only one @entity1 had @entity12296 , which was excluded by electromyography in seven of the others. Formal neuropsychology testing showed @entity2414 , with sparing of general intellect in all but two @entity1 , and of nominal functions in all but one. Variable regimes of @entity230 , plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin were associated with variable falls in serum VGKC-Abs, to values between 2 and 88% of the initial values, together with marked improvement of neuropsychological functioning in six @entity1 , slight improvement in three and none in one. The improvement in neuropsychological functioning in seven @entity1 correlated broadly with the fall in antibodies. However, varying degrees of @entity194 and residual @entity73 were common. Over the same period, only one paraneoplastic case of @entity14204 was identified between the two main centres. Thus, VGKC-Ab-associated @entity75 is a relatively common form of autoimmune, non-paraneoplastic, potentially treatable @entity198 that can be diagnosed by a serological test. Establishing the frequency of this new syndrome, the full range of clinical presentations and means of early recognition, and optimal immunotherapy, should now be the aim.

title: @entity972 channel antibody-associated @entity75 : a potentially immunotherapy-responsive form of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity9137 :: ('MESH:D020915', 'Disease') :: ["Korsakoff's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity12296 :: ('MESH:D020386', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyotonia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss', 'severe and global impairment of memory']

entities_list: @entity14204 :: ('MESH:D020363', 'Disease') :: ['limbic encephalitis', 'Limbic encephalitis']

answer: @entity14204 :: (MESH:D020363,Disease) :: ['limbic encephalitis']


abstract: @entity1 presenting with subacute @entity2730 are frequently seen in acute neurological practice. Amongst the differential diagnoses, herpes simplex @entity198 , @entity9137 and @entity14204 should be considered. @entity14204 is typically a @entity8231 with a poor prognosis; thus, identifying those @entity1 with potentially reversible symptoms is important. Voltage-gated @entity972 channel antibodies (VGKC-Ab) have recently been reported in three cases of reversible @entity14204 . Here we review the clinical, immunological and neuropsychological features of 10 @entity1 (nine male, one female; age range 44-79 years), eight of whom were identified in two centres over a period of 15 months. The @entity1 presented with 1-52 week histories of @entity2414 , @entity911 and @entity410 . Low plasma @entity1372 concentrations, initially resistant to treatment, were present in eight out of 10. Brain MRI at onset showed signal change in the medial temporal lobes in eight out of 10 cases. Paraneoplastic antibodies were negative, but VGKC-Ab ranged from 450 to 5128 pM (neurological and healthy controls <100 pM). CSF oligoclonal bands were found in only one, but bands matched with those in the serum were found in six other @entity1 . VGKC-Abs in the CSF, tested in five individuals, varied between <1 and 10% of serum values. Only one @entity1 had @entity12296 , which was excluded by electromyography in seven of the others. Formal neuropsychology testing showed @entity2414 , with sparing of general intellect in all but two @entity1 , and of nominal functions in all but one. Variable regimes of @entity230 , plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin were associated with variable falls in serum VGKC-Abs, to values between 2 and 88% of the initial values, together with marked improvement of neuropsychological functioning in six @entity1 , slight improvement in three and none in one. The improvement in neuropsychological functioning in seven @entity1 correlated broadly with the fall in antibodies. However, varying degrees of @entity194 and residual @entity73 were common. Over the same period, only one paraneoplastic case of @entity14204 was identified between the two main centres. Thus, VGKC-Ab-associated @entity75 is a relatively common form of autoimmune, non-paraneoplastic, potentially treatable @entity198 that can be diagnosed by a serological test. Establishing the frequency of this new syndrome, the full range of clinical presentations and means of early recognition, and optimal immunotherapy, should now be the aim.

title: @entity972 channel antibody-associated XXXX : a potentially immunotherapy-responsive form of @entity14204 .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: @entity1 presenting with subacute @entity2730 are frequently seen in acute neurological practice. Amongst the differential diagnoses, herpes simplex @entity198 , @entity9137 and @entity14204 should be considered. @entity14204 is typically a @entity8231 with a poor prognosis; thus, identifying those @entity1 with potentially reversible symptoms is important. Voltage-gated @entity972 channel antibodies (VGKC-Ab) have recently been reported in three cases of reversible @entity14204 . Here we review the clinical, immunological and neuropsychological features of 10 @entity1 (nine male, one female; age range 44-79 years), eight of whom were identified in two centres over a period of 15 months. The @entity1 presented with 1-52 week histories of @entity2414 , @entity911 and @entity410 . Low plasma @entity1372 concentrations, initially resistant to treatment, were present in eight out of 10. Brain MRI at onset showed signal change in the medial temporal lobes in eight out of 10 cases. Paraneoplastic antibodies were negative, but VGKC-Ab ranged from 450 to 5128 pM (neurological and healthy controls <100 pM). CSF oligoclonal bands were found in only one, but bands matched with those in the serum were found in six other @entity1 . VGKC-Abs in the CSF, tested in five individuals, varied between <1 and 10% of serum values. Only one @entity1 had @entity12296 , which was excluded by electromyography in seven of the others. Formal neuropsychology testing showed @entity2414 , with sparing of general intellect in all but two @entity1 , and of nominal functions in all but one. Variable regimes of @entity230 , plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin were associated with variable falls in serum VGKC-Abs, to values between 2 and 88% of the initial values, together with marked improvement of neuropsychological functioning in six @entity1 , slight improvement in three and none in one. The improvement in neuropsychological functioning in seven @entity1 correlated broadly with the fall in antibodies. However, varying degrees of @entity194 and residual @entity73 were common. Over the same period, only one paraneoplastic case of @entity14204 was identified between the two main centres. Thus, VGKC-Ab-associated @entity75 is a relatively common form of autoimmune, non-paraneoplastic, potentially treatable @entity198 that can be diagnosed by a serological test. Establishing the frequency of this new syndrome, the full range of clinical presentations and means of early recognition, and optimal immunotherapy, should now be the aim.

title: XXXX channel antibody-associated @entity75 : a potentially immunotherapy-responsive form of @entity14204 .

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: The results of changes in @entity1353 and pulmonary function are reported in 27 @entity13404 @entity1 followed up for about 10 years after @entity4530 , which occupied at least 50% of a hemithorax. In 10 @entity1 bilateral bullectomy was done. The spirographic improvement depends on the type of bulla. Resection of bullae at open communication with the bronchial tree resulted predominantly in improvement of forced expiratory volume as a percentage of vital capacity, whereas after closed bullae were resected, the increase in vital capacity was most apparent. Dyspnea lessened in all @entity1 . Seven older @entity1 died of ventilatory insufficiency. Preoperatively they were clinically and functionally severely disabled. They improved markedly after bullectomy, and their mean survival time was more than 7 years. In all 27 @entity1 improvement of @entity1353 and pulmonary function lasted several years and only gradually returned to preoperative values and beyond. No @entity4530 recurred in the observation period; neither was there an accelerated progression of the @entity13404 process. Our present selection criteria, based on previous experience, are as follows: @entity4530 occupying at least 50% of a hemithorax, definite displacement of adjacent lung tissue, exclusion of the presence of @entity358 , and absence of chronic @entity3617 .

title: Bullectomy for XXXX in emphysema.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['purulent bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity13404 :: ('MESH:D041882', 'Disease') :: ['emphysematous']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['removal of giant bullae', 'giant bullae']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['vanishing lung syndrome']

answer: @entity4530 :: (MESH:D001768,Disease) :: ['giant bullae']