abstract: Currently there is no predictor for survival after adjuvant @entity2857 in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) who have undergone curative resection. Thirty-eight @entity1 who underwent curative resection of @entity157 received adjuvant @entity2857 therapy between August 2009 and March 2012. Clinicopathological parameters including @entity1 factors, @entity5 factors, liver background, and inflammatory factors (before surgery and dynamic changes after @entity2857 therapy) were evaluated to identify predictors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). The recurrence rate, mortality rate, and clinicopathological data were also compared. Increased NLR after @entity2857 (HR  =  3.199, 95  % CI 1.365-7.545, P  =  0.008), increased GGT after @entity2857 (HR  =  3.204, 95  % CI 1.333-7.700, P  =  0.009), and the presence of @entity715 (HR  =  2.381, 95  % CI 1.064-5.328, P  =  0.035) were risk factors related to @entity1349 . By contrast, increased NLR after @entity2857 was the only independent risk factor related to @entity1349 (HR  =  4.647, 95  % CI 1.266-17.053, P  =  0.021). @entity1 with increased NLR or increased GGT after @entity2857 had a higher incidence of recurrence and @entity204 . @entity1 who had increased NLR tended to have higher preoperative levels of NLR and GGT. There were no differences in clinicopathological factors in @entity1 with increased GGT and decreased GGT. In conclusion, increased NLR predicted a worse @entity1349 and @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent curative resection with adjuvant @entity2857 therapy. Increased GGT predicted a worse @entity1349 . NLR and GGT can be monitored dynamically before and after @entity2857 therapy.

title: Adjuvant XXXX therapy in @entity1 with resected @entity157 : evaluation of predictive factors.

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: Currently there is no predictor for survival after adjuvant @entity2857 in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) who have undergone curative resection. Thirty-eight @entity1 who underwent curative resection of @entity157 received adjuvant @entity2857 therapy between August 2009 and March 2012. Clinicopathological parameters including @entity1 factors, @entity5 factors, liver background, and inflammatory factors (before surgery and dynamic changes after @entity2857 therapy) were evaluated to identify predictors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). The recurrence rate, mortality rate, and clinicopathological data were also compared. Increased NLR after @entity2857 (HR  =  3.199, 95  % CI 1.365-7.545, P  =  0.008), increased GGT after @entity2857 (HR  =  3.204, 95  % CI 1.333-7.700, P  =  0.009), and the presence of @entity715 (HR  =  2.381, 95  % CI 1.064-5.328, P  =  0.035) were risk factors related to @entity1349 . By contrast, increased NLR after @entity2857 was the only independent risk factor related to @entity1349 (HR  =  4.647, 95  % CI 1.266-17.053, P  =  0.021). @entity1 with increased NLR or increased GGT after @entity2857 had a higher incidence of recurrence and @entity204 . @entity1 who had increased NLR tended to have higher preoperative levels of NLR and GGT. There were no differences in clinicopathological factors in @entity1 with increased GGT and decreased GGT. In conclusion, increased NLR predicted a worse @entity1349 and @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent curative resection with adjuvant @entity2857 therapy. Increased GGT predicted a worse @entity1349 . NLR and GGT can be monitored dynamically before and after @entity2857 therapy.

title: Adjuvant @entity2857 therapy in @entity1 with resected XXXX : evaluation of predictive factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Induction chemotherapy has many benefits of in locally advanced @entity5 (LARC); one of these is the better control of distant failure. Hyperfractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) is new approach still on evaluation in preoperative setting of @entity5 . We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of induction FOLFOX followed by HFRT in LARC. From September 2011 to December 2013, 27 @entity1 with LARC were enrolled in this prospective, phase I-II study. Induction FOLFOX bolus was given for two cycles followed by HFRT (1.5  Gy twice day for 30 fractions over 3  weeks for a total of 45  Gy). @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) bolus was administrated during first and last 3  days of radiotherapy. Surgical resection was performed in 4-5  weeks further and followed by adjuvant FOLFOX bolus regimen. Twenty-one (77.8  %) @entity1 were males and 22. 2  % of @entity1 were females, and the median age at diagnosis was 46  years. Low sited @entity5 was the most presenting site (55.6  %). Clinically positive lymph nodes were presented in 70.4  % of @entity1 . Twenty @entity1 (74.1  %) underwent sphincter sparing procedure. Pathological complete response (pCR) was achieved in seven @entity1 (25.9  %). Tumor and nodal downstaging were recorded in (70.3  %) and (42.1  %) of @entity1 , respectively. Acute and late @entity137 were in acceptable range. Two-year disease-free survival was 70.2  %, and overall survival was 87.5  %. Induction FOLFOX followed by HFRT and concurrent @entity1487 improves pCR in LARC, and this combination was feasible with acceptable @entity137 . Further evaluations are mandatory for this new approach.

title: Induction FOLFOX followed by preoperative hyperfractionated radiotherapy plus bolus XXXX in locally advanced rectal carcinoma: single arm phase I-II study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: CONTEXT: Episodic @entity1353 is a relevant aspect in @entity1 with @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the different aspects of this clinical phenomenon. METHODS: A consecutive sample of @entity1 with @entity5 admitted to different settings for a period of six months was surveyed. The presence of background @entity1353 and episodic @entity1353 , their intensity (numerical scale 0-10), and drugs used for treatment were collected. Factors inducing episodic @entity1353 and its influence on daily activities were investigated. RESULTS: Of 921 @entity1 , 29.3% (n  =  269) had @entity1353 and 134 @entity1 (49.8%) were receiving drugs for background @entity1353 . In the multivariate analysis, the risk of @entity1353 increased with @entity1030 , although it decreased in @entity1 receiving disease-oriented therapy and @entity1 with @entity1820 . The prevalence of episodic @entity1353 was 70.9% (n  =  188), and its mean intensity was 7.1 (SD 1.6). The mean  duration of untreated episodic @entity1353 was 19.9  minutes (SD 35.3); 41% of these @entity1 were receiving drugs  for episodic @entity1353 . The majority of episodic @entity1353 events (88.2%) were triggered by activity. In the multivariate analysis, higher Karnofsky Performance Status levels were significantly related to episodic @entity1353 , although @entity1 receiving disease-oriented therapy were less likely to have episodic @entity1353 . CONCLUSION: This study showed that episodic @entity1353 frequently occurs in @entity1 with @entity1353 in the advanced stage of disease, has a severe intensity, and is characterized by rapid onset and short duration, which require rapid measures.

title: Epidemiology and Characteristics of Episodic Breathlessness in XXXX @entity1 : An Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Advanced Cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Episodic @entity1353 is a relevant aspect in @entity1 with @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the different aspects of this clinical phenomenon. METHODS: A consecutive sample of @entity1 with @entity5 admitted to different settings for a period of six months was surveyed. The presence of background @entity1353 and episodic @entity1353 , their intensity (numerical scale 0-10), and drugs used for treatment were collected. Factors inducing episodic @entity1353 and its influence on daily activities were investigated. RESULTS: Of 921 @entity1 , 29.3% (n  =  269) had @entity1353 and 134 @entity1 (49.8%) were receiving drugs for background @entity1353 . In the multivariate analysis, the risk of @entity1353 increased with @entity1030 , although it decreased in @entity1 receiving disease-oriented therapy and @entity1 with @entity1820 . The prevalence of episodic @entity1353 was 70.9% (n  =  188), and its mean intensity was 7.1 (SD 1.6). The mean  duration of untreated episodic @entity1353 was 19.9  minutes (SD 35.3); 41% of these @entity1 were receiving drugs  for episodic @entity1353 . The majority of episodic @entity1353 events (88.2%) were triggered by activity. In the multivariate analysis, higher Karnofsky Performance Status levels were significantly related to episodic @entity1353 , although @entity1 receiving disease-oriented therapy were less likely to have episodic @entity1353 . CONCLUSION: This study showed that episodic @entity1353 frequently occurs in @entity1 with @entity1353 in the advanced stage of disease, has a severe intensity, and is characterized by rapid onset and short duration, which require rapid measures.

title: Epidemiology and Characteristics of Episodic Breathlessness in @entity5 XXXX : An Observational Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of de novo major involvement during follow-up in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity244 ( @entity244 ); the secondary aim was to analyse the epidemiological profile and the long-term outcome of those @entity1 who developed new major involvement. Among our cohort of 120 @entity244 @entity1 , we evaluated all subjects who had no major organ involvement during the early years of their disease; specifically, at disease onset, the 52  % of the cohort presented a prevalent mucocutaneous involvement. The primary outcomes were represented by the following: Hatemi et al. (Rheum Dis Clin North Am 39(2):245-61, 2013) the incidence of de novo major involvement during the follow-up and Hatemi et al. (Clin Exp Rheumatol 32(4 Suppl 84):S112-22, 2014) the use of immunosuppressive drugs during the follow-up. We have defined the development of de novo major involvement during the follow-up as the occurrence of severe ocular, vascular or CNS involvement after a latency period from the diagnosis of at least 3  years. Among 62 @entity1 characterized by a mild onset of disease, we observed that after at least 3  years from the diagnosis, 21 @entity244 @entity1 (34  %) still developed serious morbidities. Specifically, three @entity1 developed ocular involvement, nine @entity1 developed @entity16 and nine @entity1 presented vascular involvement. Comparing main epidemiological and clinical findings of the two groups, we observed that @entity1 who developed de novo major involvement were more frequently males and younger; furthermore, 95  % of these @entity1 were characterized by a young onset of disease (p   <   0.001). Being free of major organ complication in the first years of @entity244 is not necessary a sign of a favourable outcome. Globally, the development of de novo major involvement during the coursfce of @entity244 suggests that a tight control is strongly recommended during the course of the disease.

title: Development of de novo major involvement during follow-up in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological involvement']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's syndrome", 'BS']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Beh  et's syndrome']


abstract: 1. The ionic currents in slow fibres isolated from @entity35 soleus muscle have been studied under voltage-clamp conditions with a double @entity969 -gap method and the results are compared to those obtained from fast fibres isolated from the iliacus muscle. 2. The mean value of the resting potential in slow fibres is -70 mV. a value 8 mV more positive that the mean resting potential of fast fibres (-78 mV). 3. In slow muscle, a fast inward current which is blocked by @entity1022 and which depends on external @entity1372 concentration is presumed to be carried by @entity1372 ions. The characteristics of this current, which are time- and voltage-dependent, are similar to those of the iliacus fibres. From a holding potential at -86 mV, this inward current is maximal (2.6 mA/cm2 +/- 0.3) at +49.1 mV +/- 1.5 (mean +/- S.E. of mean), reverses at +127.3 mV +/- 2.2 (mean +/- S.E. of mean), and its half inactivation occurs at +23.2 mV +/- 0.8 (mean +/- S.E. of mean). 4. The delayed outward current in slow fibres is unchanged by exposure to @entity2865 free solution and has a time course very different from that found in fast fibres. This current reaches an initial peak in 5-10 msec and a second peak or steady level after 40-150 msec. The decay of the outward current is also very different, being ten times slower than that in fast fibres (1500-3000 msec). 5. Analysis of the tail currents reveals the existence of two components of delayed current in slow fibres. The faster component reverses at a potential of 11.3 mV +/- 0.9 (mean +/- S.E. of mean) positive to the holding potential (equivalent to a membrane potential of about -75 mV), in contrast to a reversal potential of 35.4 mV +/- 2.5 (mean +/- S.E. of mean) positive to the holding potential for the slower component (equivalent to a membrane potential of about -51 mV. 6. In L- @entity2227 solution the characteristics of the inward-going rectification are the same in the two types of muscle.

title: Ionic currents in slow twitch skeletal muscle in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: 1. The role of the @entity4775 in the regulation of intragastric pressure was investigated by quantifying the effect of nerve section on the response to a standard fluid inflation of the stomach. An opportunity was also taken to compare the responses to a step and physiological ramp inflation of the same volume (50 ml). 2. The peak pressure at the end ot the step inflation (13.6 +/- 1.0 cm @entity2507 ) was twice that for a ramp inflation (6.2 +/- 0.4 cm @entity2507 ). 5 min after the peak the pressures were similar (4.8 +/- 0.3 cm @entity2507 ; 4.7 +/- 0.3 cm @entity2507 ) for both. 3. Vagotomy produced a significant increase in the intragastric pressure response for both the peak and plateau levels of the step and ramp inflations. 4. @entity3897 produced a statistically significant decrease in the pressure response to both step and ramp inflation. 5. Splanchnic nerve section produced an increase in the intragastric pressure response to both step and ramp inflations although the values failed to reach the 5% significance level. However, following vagotomy or @entity3897 , section of the splanchnic nerves produced a statistically significant increase in the pressure response to inflation. 6. These results indicate that the vagal cholinergic excitatory and vagal non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic inhibitory fibres are activated at physiological levels of @entity356 and play a role in the regulation of intragastric pressure. The splanchnic nerves also play a role although in the intact animal they are suppressed by the action of the vagus nerve.

title: The role of the XXXX in the regulation of intragastric pressure in the ferret.

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric inflation']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity4775 :: ('MESH:D020421', 'Disease') :: ['vagus and splanchnic nerves']

answer: @entity4775 :: (MESH:D020421,Disease) :: ['vagus and splanchnic nerves']


abstract: @entity262 ( @entity262 ) is a @entity1583 characterized by abnormal expansion of mast cells (MCs) in visceral organs. The skin is involved in most cases. In adult @entity1 the transforming KIT mutation @entity5311 is usually present and confers resistance against @entity2213 . Therefore, @entity2213 is not recommended for @entity1 with KIT @entity5311 + @entity262 . Nonetheless, @entity2213 may work in @entity1 with @entity262 lacking KIT @entity5311 . However, little is known about long-term efficacy and safety of this drug in @entity262 . We report on a 62-year-old female @entity1 with indolent @entity262 (ISM) who suffered from severe debilitating skin involvement despite therapy with anti-mediator-type drugs, @entity6339 and ultraviolet-A-radiation. Although multifocal MC infiltrates were detected in the bone marrow by immunohistochemistry, no KIT mutation was found by sequencing analysis. In 2003, treatment with @entity2213 (induction, 400 mg/day; maintenance, 200 mg/day) was initiated. During therapy, @entity272 and tryptase levels decreased. Treatment was well tolerated without any side effects. After 10 years, @entity272 have disappeared and the tryptase level is within normal range. This case-study confirms the long-term efficacy and safety of @entity2213 in @entity1 with @entity262 lacking activating KIT mutations. @entity2213 should be considered in select cases of @entity262 in whom MCs exhibit wild-type KIT.

title: Long-lasting complete response to XXXX in a @entity1 with systemic mastocytosis exhibiting wild type KIT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['SM', 'Systemic mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic disorder']

entities_list: @entity6339 :: ('MESH:D005363', 'Chemical') :: ['psoralen']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: @entity262 ( @entity262 ) is a @entity1583 characterized by abnormal expansion of mast cells (MCs) in visceral organs. The skin is involved in most cases. In adult @entity1 the transforming KIT mutation @entity5311 is usually present and confers resistance against @entity2213 . Therefore, @entity2213 is not recommended for @entity1 with KIT @entity5311 + @entity262 . Nonetheless, @entity2213 may work in @entity1 with @entity262 lacking KIT @entity5311 . However, little is known about long-term efficacy and safety of this drug in @entity262 . We report on a 62-year-old female @entity1 with indolent @entity262 (ISM) who suffered from severe debilitating skin involvement despite therapy with anti-mediator-type drugs, @entity6339 and ultraviolet-A-radiation. Although multifocal MC infiltrates were detected in the bone marrow by immunohistochemistry, no KIT mutation was found by sequencing analysis. In 2003, treatment with @entity2213 (induction, 400 mg/day; maintenance, 200 mg/day) was initiated. During therapy, @entity272 and tryptase levels decreased. Treatment was well tolerated without any side effects. After 10 years, @entity272 have disappeared and the tryptase level is within normal range. This case-study confirms the long-term efficacy and safety of @entity2213 in @entity1 with @entity262 lacking activating KIT mutations. @entity2213 should be considered in select cases of @entity262 in whom MCs exhibit wild-type KIT.

title: Long-lasting complete response to @entity2213 in a XXXX with systemic mastocytosis exhibiting wild type KIT.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to summarise the association between @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ). DESIGN: MeSH terms and free text searches were performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to April 2015. Zetoc and OpenGrey databases were queried for grey literature, and lastly, hand searches were carried out. Study selection and quality assessment were conducted by two authors. One author carried out data extraction, which was checked by other authors. The relationships between @entity27 index (AHI), @entity26 desaturation index (ODI), time spent under 90% @entity26 saturation (% @entity24 <90), and minimum and mean @entity26 saturation ( @entity3612 ) on @entity2316 were examined. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS: Two longitudinal and ten cross-sectional studies were included for our narrative synthesis, and seven studies for meta-analysis. Studies that performed multi-variable analysis demonstrated significant associations between @entity27 (assessed using either @entity27 index or ODI) and @entity2316 in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). This was confirmed by meta-analysis (pooled OR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.13-2.64). There was some evidence to suggest that % @entity24 <90 may have an association with @entity2316 . There was insufficient evidence to conclude on the relationship between minimum and mean @entity26 saturation on @entity2316 . There was no evidence available on the associations between @entity27 and other respiratory parameters in type 1 @entity6 populations. CONCLUSION: There is moderate evidence that @entity27 is associated with @entity2316 in @entity1 with @entity6 . Large prospective studies with long-term follow up are needed to assess the possible bi-directional mechanisms between @entity27 and @entity2316 .

title: The Association between Obstructive Sleep Apnea on XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['DKD', 'diabetic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Kidney Disease']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have suggested that structural @entity854 may be linked with alterations in the @entity15131 ( @entity15131 ). This study compared cortical thickness and structural connectivity linked to the @entity15131 in @entity1 with persistent @entity22 (PI) and @entity25 ( @entity25 ). METHODS: The current study used a clinical subsample from the longitudinal community-based Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Cortical thickness and structural connectivity linked to the @entity15131 in @entity1 with persistent @entity22 symptoms (PIS; n = 57) were compared to @entity25 ( @entity25 ; n = 40). All @entity1 underwent MRI acquisition. Based on literature review, we selected cortical regions corresponding to the @entity15131 . A seed-based structural covariance analysis measured cortical thickness correlation between each seed region of the @entity15131 and other cortical areas. Association of cortical thickness and covariance with sleep quality and neuropsychological assessments were further assessed. RESULTS: Compared to @entity25 , cortical thinning was found in PIS in the anterior cingulate cortex, precentral cortex, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Decreased structural connectivity between anterior and posterior regions of the @entity15131 was observed in the PIS group. Decreased structural covariance within the @entity15131 was associated with higher PSQI scores. Cortical thinning in the lateral frontal lobe was related to poor performance in executive function in PIS. CONCLUSION: Disrupted structural covariance network in PIS might reflect malfunctioning of antero-posterior disconnection of the @entity15131 during the wake to sleep transition that is commonly found during normal sleep. The observed structural network alteration may further implicate commonly observed sustained sleep @entity73 in @entity22 .

title: Cortical Thinning and Altered Cortico-Cortical Structural Covariance of the Default Mode Network in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['difficulties and cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in insomnia']

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['default-mode network', 'DMN']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['good sleepers', 'GS']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['Persistent Insomnia Symptoms']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have suggested that structural @entity854 may be linked with alterations in the @entity15131 ( @entity15131 ). This study compared cortical thickness and structural connectivity linked to the @entity15131 in @entity1 with persistent @entity22 (PI) and @entity25 ( @entity25 ). METHODS: The current study used a clinical subsample from the longitudinal community-based Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Cortical thickness and structural connectivity linked to the @entity15131 in @entity1 with persistent @entity22 symptoms (PIS; n = 57) were compared to @entity25 ( @entity25 ; n = 40). All @entity1 underwent MRI acquisition. Based on literature review, we selected cortical regions corresponding to the @entity15131 . A seed-based structural covariance analysis measured cortical thickness correlation between each seed region of the @entity15131 and other cortical areas. Association of cortical thickness and covariance with sleep quality and neuropsychological assessments were further assessed. RESULTS: Compared to @entity25 , cortical thinning was found in PIS in the anterior cingulate cortex, precentral cortex, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Decreased structural connectivity between anterior and posterior regions of the @entity15131 was observed in the PIS group. Decreased structural covariance within the @entity15131 was associated with higher PSQI scores. Cortical thinning in the lateral frontal lobe was related to poor performance in executive function in PIS. CONCLUSION: Disrupted structural covariance network in PIS might reflect malfunctioning of antero-posterior disconnection of the @entity15131 during the wake to sleep transition that is commonly found during normal sleep. The observed structural network alteration may further implicate commonly observed sustained sleep @entity73 in @entity22 .

title: Cortical Thinning and Altered Cortico-Cortical Structural Covariance of the Default Mode Network in XXXX with @entity22 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of short-duration, open-ended ureteral catheter drainage as a replacement to indwelling stent, and to study the effect of @entity9940 on stent-induced @entity158 and storage symptoms following uncomplicated ureteroscopic removal of stones. DESIGN: Prospective randomised study. SETTING: School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India. @entity1 : @entity1 who underwent ureteroscopic removal of stones for lower ureteral stones between November 2011 and January 2014 were randomly assigned into three groups. @entity1 in group 1 (n=33) were stented with 5-French double J stent for 2 weeks. @entity1 in group 2 (n=35) were administered tablet @entity9940 0.4 mg once daily for 2 weeks in addition to stenting, and those in group 3 (n=31) underwent 5-French open-ended ureteral catheter drainage for 48 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All @entity1 were evaluated for @entity812 using visual analogue scale scores at days 1, 2, 7, and 14, and for storage (irritative) bladder symptoms using International Prostate Symptom Score on days 7 and 14, and for quality-of-life score (using International Prostate Symptom Score) at day 14. RESULTS: Of the 99 @entity1 , visual analogue scale scores were significantly lower for groups 2 and 3 (P<0.0001). The International Prostate Symptom Scores for all parameters were lower in @entity1 from groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1 both at days 7 and 14 (P<0.0001). Analgesic requirements were similar in all three groups. CONCLUSION: Open-ended ureteral catheter drainage is equally effective and better tolerated than routine stenting following uncomplicated ureteroscopic removal of stones. @entity9940 reduces storage symptoms and improves quality of life after ureteral stenting.

title: Comparison of efficacy and tolerance of short-duration open-ended ureteral catheter drainage and XXXX administration to indwelling double J stents following ureteroscopic removal of stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamsulosin', 'tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['tamsulosin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A growing body of evidence supports an association between @entity560 and @entity65 . Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is a treatment modality for suitable @entity1 with @entity453 ; however, patency rates of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) are low. In this study we aimed to determine the association between @entity560 levels and the SVG disease. METHODS: The study population included 180 @entity1 who had undergone a primary coronary artery bypass grafting surgery with at least one SVG and later had a control angiography because of clinical indications. @entity1 were divided into two groups: 100 @entity1 with SVG disease and 80 of them with patent SVG. RESULTS: The mean age of 180 @entity1 was 57.4  8.8 years, and 64.4% of the study population were @entity1 . The total number of SVGs was 364, and the mean number of SVGs to each @entity1 was 2.02  0.61. @entity560 levels were higher in the patent SVG group than in the SVG disease group (36.2  10.7 and 21.1  10.4, respectively; P<0.001). @entity1851 levels were significantly higher in the SVG disease group (8.3 vs. 6.5   mg/dl, P=0.001). In a multivariate regression analysis, current smoking, @entity6 , target artery diameter less than 1.5   mm, bypass time duration, and @entity560 levels remained as independent factors associated with SVG disease. CONCLUSION: Lower @entity560 levels are associated with occlusion of SVGs in @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: The relationship between XXXX levels and saphenous vein graft patency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acne treatment by a mid-infrared laser may be unsatisfactory due to deeply situated acne-affected sebaceous glands which serve as its target. Skin manipulation by vacuum and contact cooling may improve laser-skin interaction, reduce @entity158 sensation, and increase overall safety and efficacy. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of acne treatment using an integrated cooling-vacuum-assisted 1540-nm erbium:glass laser, a prospective interventional study was conducted. It included 12 @entity1 (seven @entity1 and five @entity1 ) suffering from mild-to-moderate @entity5477 . The device utilizes a mid-infrared 1540-nm laser (Alma Lasers Ltd. Caesarea, Israel), which is integrated with combined cooling-vacuum-assisted technology. An @entity75 is initially manipulated upon contact by a vacuum-cooling-assisted tip, followed by three to four stacked laser pulses (500-600  mJ, 4  mm spot size, and frequency of 2  Hz). @entity1 underwent four to six treatment sessions with a 2-week interval and were followed- @entity10974  months after the last treatment. Clinical photographs were taken by high-resolution digital camera before and after treatment. Clinical evaluation was performed by two independent dermatologists, and results were graded on a scale of 0 (exacerbation) to 4 (76-100  % improvement). @entity1 ' and physicians' satisfaction was also recorded. @entity158 perception and adverse effects were evaluated as well. All @entity1 demonstrated a moderate to significant improvement (average score of 3.6 and 2.0 within 1 and 3  months, respectively, following last treatment session). No side effects, besides a transient erythema, were observed. Cooling-vacuum-assisted 1540-nm laser is safe and effective for the treatment of @entity5477 .

title: Integrated cooling-vacuum-assisted 1540-nm erbium:glass laser is effective in treating mild-to-moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['acne lesion']

answer: @entity5477 :: (MESH:D000152,Disease) :: ['acne vulgaris']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our previous in vitro studies have demonstrated dose-dependent effects of @entity18510 ligands on hepatocyte cell death and proliferation. In the current study, we sought to determine if @entity18510 ligand concentration is responsible for the divergent effects of these mediators on @entity409 after @entity63 /reperfusion injury and partial hepatectomy. METHODS: @entity19 models of partial @entity63 /reperfusion injury and hepatectomy were used to study the effect of @entity18510 ligands on @entity409 . RESULTS: We found that hepatic expression of the @entity18510 ligands, @entity9701 ( @entity9701 ) and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC), was significantly increased after both I/R injury and partial hepatectomy. However, expression of these ligands after I/R injury was 30-100-fold greater than after hepatectomy. Interestingly, the same pattern of expression was found in @entity2806 following I/R injury with expression significantly greater in the @entity2806 . In both systems, lower ligand expression was associated with increased hepatocyte proliferation and @entity409 in a @entity18510 -dependent fashion. To confirm that these effects were related to ligand concentration, we administered exogenous @entity9701 and KC to @entity19 undergoing partial hepatectomy. @entity19 received a "high" dose that replicated serum levels found after I/R injury and a "low" dose that was similar to that found after hepatectomy. @entity19 receiving the "high" dose had reduced levels of hepatocyte proliferation and regeneration whereas the "low" dose promoted hepatocyte proliferation and regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these data demonstrate that concentrations of CXC chemokines regulate the hepatic proliferative response and subsequent @entity409 .

title: CXC chemokines function as a rheostat for hepatocyte proliferation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic versus non-ischemic liver lobes', 'ischemic liver lobes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity9701 :: ('20310(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MIP-2', 'macrophage inflammatory protein-2']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver regeneration']


abstract: The aim of this study was to establish an immunoprofile of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ), and to explore as first time in literature the possible correlation between maspin, @entity235 -1, @entity25484 protein and angiogenesis in these @entity5 . For SCCs, the histological grade of differentiation was also taken into account. The angiogenesis was quantified in 38 randomly selected cases of SCCs and 17 BCCc, respectively, using the antibodies @entity11010 ( @entity11010 -A) and @entity4873 , while the microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated with the CD31. RESULTS: In SCCs, maspin cytoplasm to nuclear shift was an indicator of a deeper tissue invasion and dedifferentiation in the invasion front. The poorly differentiated cases, compared to G1  G2-SCCs, expressed more frequent the markers @entity25484 (30.77% vs. 8%) and @entity11010 (53.85% vs. 32%), regardless the MVD. However, the @entity25484 positivity was more frequent in BCCs than SCCs (52.94% vs. 15.79%). All of the @entity25484 -positive @entity189 were located in the head and neck area. @entity235 -1 marked 21.05% of SCCs and 5.88% of BCCs, being directly correlated with @entity4873 positivity. Eccrine glands and hair follicles also expressed @entity235 -1. CONCLUSIONS: In cutaneous SCCs located in the head and neck area, sun-dependent @entity25484  @entity11010 interaction seems to be responsible by @entity5 dedifferentiation, whereas maspin cytoplasm to nuclear shift might indicate a high degree of invasiveness. This is the first report about @entity235 -1 positivity in BCCs and eccrine glands, the significance of this pattern being unknown.

title: Correlation of angiogenesis with other immunohistochemical markers in cutaneous basal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

entities_list: @entity11010 :: ('403802(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF', 'VEGF-A']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate a broad range of biological processes through removal of acetyl groups from histones as well as non-histone proteins. Our previous studies showed that @entity12231 and @entity30653 are bound to promoters of key renal developmental regulators and that HDAC activity is required for embryonic kidney gene expression. However, the existence of many HDAC isoforms in embryonic kidneys raises questions concerning the possible specificity or redundancy of their functions. We report here that targeted deletion of both the @entity12231 and @entity30653 genes from the ureteric bud (UB) cell lineage of @entity19 causes bilateral @entity8 . One copy of either @entity12231 or @entity30653 is sufficient to sustain normal renal development. In addition to defective cell proliferation and survival, genome-wide transcriptional profiling revealed that the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is specifically impaired in UB( @entity12231 ,2-/-) kidneys. Our results also demonstrate that loss of @entity12231 and @entity30653 in the UB epithelium leads to marked hyperacetylation of the @entity5 suppressor protein @entity899 on lysine 370, 379 and 383; these post-translational modifications are known to boost @entity899 stability and transcriptional activity. Genetic deletion of @entity899 partially rescues the development of UB( @entity12231 ,2-/-) kidneys. Together, these data indicate that @entity12231 and @entity30653 are crucial for kidney development. They perform redundant, yet essential, cell lineage-autonomous functions via @entity899 -dependent and -independent pathways.

title: Histone deacetylase 1 and 2 regulate Wnt and XXXX pathways in the ureteric bud epithelium.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypodysplasia']

answer: @entity899 :: (22060(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Midline shift following severe @entity131 (sTBI) detected on computed tomography (CT) scans is an established predictor of poor outcome. We hypothesized that lateral ventricular volume (LVV) asymmetry is an earlier sign of developing asymmetric intracranial pathology than midline shift. This retrospective analysis was performed on data from 84 adults with blunt sTBI requiring a ventriculostomy who presented to a Level I @entity130 center. Seventy-six @entity1 underwent serial CTs within 3   h and an average of three scans within the first 10   d of sTBI. Left and right LVVs were quantified by computer-assisted manual volumetric measurements. LVV ratios (LVR) were determined on the admission CT to evaluate ventricular asymmetry. The relationship between the admission LVR value and subsequent midline shift development was tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and odds ratio (OR) and relative risk tests. Sixty @entity1 had no >5   mm midline shift on the initial admission scan. Of these, 15 @entity1 developed it subsequently (16 @entity1 already had >5   mm midline shift on admission scans). For >5   mm midline shift development, admission LVR of >1.67 was shown to have a sensitivity of 73.3% and a specificity of 73.3% (area under the curve=0.782; p<0.0001). LVR of >1.67 as exposure yielded an OR of 7.56 (p<0.01), and a risk ratio of 4.42 (p<0.01) for midline shift development as unfavorable outcome. We propose that LVR captures LVV asymmetry and is not only related to, but also predicts the development of midline shift already at admission CT examination. Lateral ventricles may have a higher "compliance" than midline structures to developing asymmetric brain pathology. LVR analysis is simple, rapidly accomplished and may allow earlier interventions to attenuate midline shift and potentially improve ultimate outcomes.

title: Lateral Ventricle Volume Asymmetry Predicts Midline Shift in Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: 17 @entity1 (13 males and 4 females) were examined for side effects due to long-term treatment with @entity71586 ( @entity1088 ) with emphasis on alterations in @entity236 . 16 @entity1 were @entity161 , one @entity1 was diagnosed @entity716 e causa dubia. The age range was 25-68 years, with an average of 38.2 years. The daily @entity1088 dose varied from 225 to 800 mg with a total intake during the trial period of 149.1-891.6 g yielding an average of 479.8 g. The treatment period varied from 20 to 51 months, with an average of 35.9 months. None of the @entity1 had to discontinue the treatment because of side effects. The laboratory data including hematological, and nephrological parameters revealed no significant changes related to @entity1088 treatment within the treatment period. No changes were observed in ECG. 12 @entity1 experienced side effects, 8 of them receiving concomitant psycholeptic medication. 9 @entity1 complained of temporary fatigue and 5 of these experienced continuous drowsiness. There were 8 cases of @entity4164 and two cases of increased appetite. One @entity1 developed light @entity591 and one @entity1 @entity551 . @entity1088 is known to be an effective anti- @entity716 drug, but due to reports of @entity3028 in 16 Finnish @entity1 the drug was withdrawn from the Danish market in 1975 although later its use was merely restricted to special cases. This study does not indicate that @entity1088 contains greater risk of clinical side effects than commonly used psycholeptic drugs.

title: Evaluation of side effects due to XXXX in long-term treatment of @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine', 'clozapine']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal hypersalivation']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['agranulocytosis']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity71586 :: ('CHEBI:3766', 'Chemical') :: ['8-chloro-11-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo(b,e)(1,4)diazepine']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow, liver, and kidney function']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['clozapine']


abstract: 17 @entity1 (13 males and 4 females) were examined for side effects due to long-term treatment with @entity71586 ( @entity1088 ) with emphasis on alterations in @entity236 . 16 @entity1 were @entity161 , one @entity1 was diagnosed @entity716 e causa dubia. The age range was 25-68 years, with an average of 38.2 years. The daily @entity1088 dose varied from 225 to 800 mg with a total intake during the trial period of 149.1-891.6 g yielding an average of 479.8 g. The treatment period varied from 20 to 51 months, with an average of 35.9 months. None of the @entity1 had to discontinue the treatment because of side effects. The laboratory data including hematological, and nephrological parameters revealed no significant changes related to @entity1088 treatment within the treatment period. No changes were observed in ECG. 12 @entity1 experienced side effects, 8 of them receiving concomitant psycholeptic medication. 9 @entity1 complained of temporary fatigue and 5 of these experienced continuous drowsiness. There were 8 cases of @entity4164 and two cases of increased appetite. One @entity1 developed light @entity591 and one @entity1 @entity551 . @entity1088 is known to be an effective anti- @entity716 drug, but due to reports of @entity3028 in 16 Finnish @entity1 the drug was withdrawn from the Danish market in 1975 although later its use was merely restricted to special cases. This study does not indicate that @entity1088 contains greater risk of clinical side effects than commonly used psycholeptic drugs.

title: Evaluation of side effects due to @entity1088 in long-term treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: While inventoring the local malacological fauna and evaluating the density of species acting as intermediate hosts of @entity1 schistosomes it has been shown that Bulinus truncatus is predominant in the study area. Bulinus globosus is scarcely encountered. Biomphalaria pfeifferi is only found in the Mayo Guerleo, in irrigation canals and draining ditches. But B. globosus and B. pfeifferi have not yet invaded the recent aquatic network and are not found in the lake nor in the newly created irrigation systems. Snails shedding cercariae of @entity4114 and @entity383 have been collected in the area. Bulinus forskalii is found in all types of permanent of temporary waterbodies but S. intercalatum has not yet been reported from North-Cameroon. Lymnaea natalensis, the intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica, is found in the lake and in the canals, in the Mayo Guerleo and in the Toupasko pool. The @entity579 field does not form by itself a favorable environment for snails to develop in it. Spots where transmission occurare more often in the area the secondary of tertiary irrigation canals and the brains. The ditches obstructed by plants are the places where the snails are developing best. Bulinus spp. are found in large numbers in the lowest parts of the aquatic network and they accumulate there to survive drought conditions in the mud. The recently built irrigation systems are not massively invaded by the snails yet and the prevalence of @entity2040 in the area correspond to the distribution of the intermediate hosts of schistosomes and to the density of the snails populations.

title: [Epidemiologic study of XXXX @entity2040 in the @entity579 fields of Yagoua (North Cameroon) II. Distribution and ecology of intermediate hosts].

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['S. haematobium']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['bilharziasis']

answer: @entity4114 :: (6185,Species) :: ['S. haematobium']


abstract: While inventoring the local malacological fauna and evaluating the density of species acting as intermediate hosts of @entity1 schistosomes it has been shown that Bulinus truncatus is predominant in the study area. Bulinus globosus is scarcely encountered. Biomphalaria pfeifferi is only found in the Mayo Guerleo, in irrigation canals and draining ditches. But B. globosus and B. pfeifferi have not yet invaded the recent aquatic network and are not found in the lake nor in the newly created irrigation systems. Snails shedding cercariae of @entity4114 and @entity383 have been collected in the area. Bulinus forskalii is found in all types of permanent of temporary waterbodies but S. intercalatum has not yet been reported from North-Cameroon. Lymnaea natalensis, the intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica, is found in the lake and in the canals, in the Mayo Guerleo and in the Toupasko pool. The @entity579 field does not form by itself a favorable environment for snails to develop in it. Spots where transmission occurare more often in the area the secondary of tertiary irrigation canals and the brains. The ditches obstructed by plants are the places where the snails are developing best. Bulinus spp. are found in large numbers in the lowest parts of the aquatic network and they accumulate there to survive drought conditions in the mud. The recently built irrigation systems are not massively invaded by the snails yet and the prevalence of @entity2040 in the area correspond to the distribution of the intermediate hosts of schistosomes and to the density of the snails populations.

title: [Epidemiologic study of @entity4114 @entity2040 in the XXXX fields of Yagoua (North Cameroon) II. Distribution and ecology of intermediate hosts].

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: While inventoring the local malacological fauna and evaluating the density of species acting as intermediate hosts of @entity1 schistosomes it has been shown that Bulinus truncatus is predominant in the study area. Bulinus globosus is scarcely encountered. Biomphalaria pfeifferi is only found in the Mayo Guerleo, in irrigation canals and draining ditches. But B. globosus and B. pfeifferi have not yet invaded the recent aquatic network and are not found in the lake nor in the newly created irrigation systems. Snails shedding cercariae of @entity4114 and @entity383 have been collected in the area. Bulinus forskalii is found in all types of permanent of temporary waterbodies but S. intercalatum has not yet been reported from North-Cameroon. Lymnaea natalensis, the intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica, is found in the lake and in the canals, in the Mayo Guerleo and in the Toupasko pool. The @entity579 field does not form by itself a favorable environment for snails to develop in it. Spots where transmission occurare more often in the area the secondary of tertiary irrigation canals and the brains. The ditches obstructed by plants are the places where the snails are developing best. Bulinus spp. are found in large numbers in the lowest parts of the aquatic network and they accumulate there to survive drought conditions in the mud. The recently built irrigation systems are not massively invaded by the snails yet and the prevalence of @entity2040 in the area correspond to the distribution of the intermediate hosts of schistosomes and to the density of the snails populations.

title: [Epidemiologic study of @entity4114 XXXX in the @entity579 fields of Yagoua (North Cameroon) II. Distribution and ecology of intermediate hosts].

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['bilharziasis']


abstract: Milk intake and nipple @entity146 were studied in the natural suckling situation after gastrointestinal preloading. @entity35 pups, deprived of their dam for 9 hr at 1, 10, or 20 days of age, were preloaded by gavage with volumes ranging from 2 to 16% of their body weight and returned to suckle. Preloads of artificial bitch's milk decreased the intake of mother's milk in a volume-related manner at all ages. At 1 and 10 days 4% preloads decreased milk intake without affecting @entity146 ; larger preloads of 8 and 16% decreased intake and reduced the incidence of attachment. At 20 days of age small and large preloads decreased both incidence of attachment and milk intake. Preloads up to 8% of body weight had no effect on latency to attach at any age. Complete subdiaphragmatic bilateral vagotomy increased milk intake of 7-9 day-old pups fed automatically through an @entity1347 in a nonsuckling situation. Vagotomy combined with spinal cordotomy (T2-T3) resulted in a synergistic @entity7298 and massive distension of the upper GI tract. The results indicate that suckling @entity35 can control their intake of mother's milk while remaining attached to a nipple as early as 1 day of age. The suppression of ingestion in response to GI filling appears to be mediated by visceral afferent activity. Conversely, @entity146 are less affected by GI fill. This suggests that @entity146 and @entity146 have different controls during the 1st 10 days of postnatal development.

title: Differential effects of upper gastrointestinal fill on milk ingestion and nipple attachment in the suckling XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior mouth cannula']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['attachment behaviors', 'ingestive behaviors']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7655 (CA) has been widely applied in medicine and food preservation. However, whether and how CA regulates plant physiology is largely unknown. To address these gaps, the present study investigated the beneficial effect of CA on root branching and its possible biochemical mechanism. RESULTS: The @entity614 ( @entity614 ) formation of pepper seedlings could be markedly induced by CA at specific concentrations without any inhibitory effect on primary root (PR) growth. CA could induce the generation of endogenous @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) by increasing the activity of @entity462 desulfhydrase in roots. By fluorescently tracking endogenous @entity3958 in situ, it could be clearly observed that @entity3958 accumulated in the outer layer cells of the PR where LRs emerge. @entity8835 ( @entity3958 donor) treatment induced @entity614 formation, while @entity37405 ( @entity3958 scavenger) showed an adverse effect. The addition of @entity37405 mitigated the CA-induced increase in endogenous @entity3958 level, which in turn counteracted the inducible effect of CA on @entity614 formation. CONCLUSION: CA showed great potential in promoting @entity614 formation, which was mediated by endogenous @entity3958 . These results not only shed new light on the application of CA in agriculture but also extend the knowledge of @entity3958 signaling in the regulation of root branching.    2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

title: @entity7655 promotes root branching by regulating endogenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['l-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity7655 :: ('MESH:C012843', 'Chemical') :: ['Cinnamaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity8835 :: ('MESH:C025451', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium hydrosulfide']

entities_list: @entity37405 :: ('MESH:C003949', 'Chemical') :: ['hypotaurine']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lateral root', 'LR']

answer: @entity3957 :: (MESH:D006862,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen sulfide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7655 (CA) has been widely applied in medicine and food preservation. However, whether and how CA regulates plant physiology is largely unknown. To address these gaps, the present study investigated the beneficial effect of CA on root branching and its possible biochemical mechanism. RESULTS: The @entity614 ( @entity614 ) formation of pepper seedlings could be markedly induced by CA at specific concentrations without any inhibitory effect on primary root (PR) growth. CA could induce the generation of endogenous @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) by increasing the activity of @entity462 desulfhydrase in roots. By fluorescently tracking endogenous @entity3958 in situ, it could be clearly observed that @entity3958 accumulated in the outer layer cells of the PR where LRs emerge. @entity8835 ( @entity3958 donor) treatment induced @entity614 formation, while @entity37405 ( @entity3958 scavenger) showed an adverse effect. The addition of @entity37405 mitigated the CA-induced increase in endogenous @entity3958 level, which in turn counteracted the inducible effect of CA on @entity614 formation. CONCLUSION: CA showed great potential in promoting @entity614 formation, which was mediated by endogenous @entity3958 . These results not only shed new light on the application of CA in agriculture but also extend the knowledge of @entity3958 signaling in the regulation of root branching.    2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

title: XXXX promotes root branching by regulating endogenous @entity3957 .

answer: @entity7655 :: (MESH:C012843,Chemical) :: ['Cinnamaldehyde']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the initial experience, clinical outcomes, and safety profile of 27 gauge pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) in eyes with @entity1347 . DESIGN: Multicenter, retrospective, interventional case series. METHODS: setting: Private practice and tertiary care settings. STUDY POPULATION: Eyes undergoing 27 gauge @entity2286 for a vitreoretinal surgery indication. INTERVENTION: Three-port, transconjunctival 27 gauge @entity2286 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in visual acuity and occurrence of @entity260 with minimum follow-up of 90  days. RESULTS: Ninety-five eyes met the inclusion criteria. Surgical indications included epiretinal membrane (n  = 26), @entity1713 (n  = 14), full-thickness macular hole (n  = 11), @entity1713 with (n  = 7) or without (n  = 9) proliferative @entity1715 (PVR), @entity548 (n  = 10), vitreous opacities (n  = 8), @entity3225 (n  = 4), sub-silicone oil retinal detachment (n  = 3), retained lens material (n  = 1), submacular @entity548 (n  = 1), and aqueous misdirection (n  = 1). Mean logMAR visual acuity improved from 1.08    0.71 (20/240 Snellen equivalent) preoperatively to 0.53    0.65 (20/67 Snellen equivalent) postoperatively (P < .001). Mean follow-up was 144  days (median 127  days, range 90-254  days). There were no intraoperative complications and no case required conversion to 20, 23, or 25 gauge instrumentation. A total of 3 sclerotomy sites (1.1%) were sutured at the conclusion of surgery. @entity260 included transient @entity2790 in 8 eyes (8.4%), transient @entity8814 in 5 eyes (5.3%), and @entity548 in 5 eyes (5.3%). No cases of @entity86 , sclerotomy-related @entity937 , or @entity1713 were encountered in the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The 27 gauge @entity2286 was well tolerated with low rates of @entity260 across varied surgical indications.

title: Outcomes of 27 Gauge Microincision Vitrectomy Surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal tears']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment', 'diabetic tractional retinal detachment', 'choroidal detachments']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['posterior segment disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['Posterior Segment Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of and specific preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for @entity260 ( @entity260 ) in electively treated vascular surgery @entity1 . METHODS: Between March 2010 and November 2013, all vascular surgery @entity1 were included in a prospective database. Various preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors were collected during hospitalization. The primary outcome variable was the incidence of @entity260 . Secondary outcome variables were any surgical complication, hospital length of stay, and mortality. RESULTS: In total, 566 @entity1 were prospectively evaluated; 463 @entity1 were 60  years or older at the time of surgery and formed our study cohort. The median age was 72  years (interquartile range, 66-77), and 76.9% were male. Twenty-two @entity1 (4.8%) developed @entity260 . Factors that differed significantly by univariate analysis included current smoking (P  = .001), increased comorbidity (P  = .001), @entity101 (P  = .003), @entity6 (P  = .001), @entity73 (P  < .001), open aortic surgery or amputation surgery (P  < .001), elevated C-reactive protein level (P  < .001), and @entity190 (P  < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed preoperative @entity73 (odds ratio [OR], 16.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.7-57.0), open aortic surgery or amputation surgery (OR, 14.0; 95% CI, 3.9-49.8), current smoking (OR, 10.5; 95% CI, 2.8-40.2), @entity101 (OR, 7.6; 95% CI, 1.9-30.5) and age >= 80  years (OR, 7.3; 95% CI, 1.8-30.1) to be independent predictors of the occurrence of @entity260 . The combination of these parameters allows us to predict @entity933 with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 92%. The area under the curve of the corresponding receiver operating characteristics was 0.93. @entity933 was associated with longer hospital length of stay (P  < .001), more frequent and increased intensive care unit stays (P  = .008 and P  = .003, respectively), more surgical complications (P  < .001), more postdischarge institutionalization (P  < .001), and higher 1-year mortality rates (P  = .0026). CONCLUSIONS: In vascular surgery @entity1 , preoperative @entity73 and open aortic or amputation surgery were highly significant risk factors for the occurrence of @entity260 . In addition, @entity260 was significantly associated with a higher mortality and more institutionalization. @entity1 with these risk factors should be considered for high-standard @entity933 care to improve these outcomes.

title: Predicting XXXX after vascular surgical procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['POD', 'postoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative delirium']


abstract: KEY POINTS: Physical inactivity increases the risk of @entity65 and may alter sympathetic nervous system control of vascular resistance. Hindlimb unweighting (HU), a rodent model of physical inactivity, has been shown to diminish sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness and reduce NO synthase expression in isolated skeletal muscle blood vessels. Our understanding of the effects of HU on sympathetic vascular regulation in vivo is very limited. The present findings demonstrate that HU did not alter sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness and NO-mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle. This study suggests that short-term physical inactivity does not alter in vivo sympathetic vascular control in the skeletal muscle vascular bed at rest and during contraction. ABSTRACT: We tested the hypothesis that physical inactivity would increase sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness and diminish NO-mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle. @entity35 (n  =  33) were randomly assigned to sedentary time control (S) or hindlimb unweighted (HU) groups for 21  days. Following the intervention, @entity35 were anaesthetized and instrumented for measurement of arterial blood pressure and femoral artery blood flow and stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain. The percentage change of femoral vascular conductance (%FVC) in response to sympathetic chain stimulation delivered at 2 and 5  Hz was determined at rest and during triceps surae muscle contraction before (control) and after NO synthase blockade with @entity6462 (5  mg  kg  i.v.). Sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness was not different (P  >  0.05) in S and HU @entity35 at rest (S, 2  Hz, -26      8% and 5  Hz, -46      12%; and HU, 2  Hz, -29      9% and 5  Hz, -51      10%) and during contraction (S, 2  Hz, -10      7% and 5  Hz, -23      11%; and HU, 2  Hz, -9      5% and 5  Hz, -22      7%). @entity842 synthase blockade caused a similar increase (P  >  0.05) in sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness in HU and S @entity35 at rest (S, 2  Hz, -41      7% and 5  Hz, -58      8%; and HU, 2  Hz, -43      6% and 5  Hz, -63      8%) and during muscle contraction (S, 2  Hz, -15      6% and 5  Hz, -31      11%; and HU, 2  Hz, -12      5% and 5  Hz, -29      8%). Skeletal muscle NO synthase expression and @entity3451 -mediated vasodilatation were also not different between HU and S @entity35 . These data suggest that HU does not alter sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness and NO-mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle.

title: Hindlimb unweighting does not alter vasoconstrictor responsiveness and XXXX -mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 (22 @entity1 , six @entity1 ) underwent transsphenoidal microsurgery for suspected @entity4090 -secreting @entity977 . @entity2588 was present in 19 of the 22 @entity1 , and @entity6726 , in 21 of the 22 @entity1 and two of the six @entity1 . @entity4090 values preoperatively ranged from 62 to 38,130 ng/ml, and the mean percentage decrease in serum @entity4090 ( @entity4090 ) after surgery was 80% (range: 38% to 99%). Twenty @entity1 had microadenomas ( @entity5 less than 10 mm), and seven had macroadenomas (greater than 10 mm). Although no @entity5 was found in one patient, her serum @entity4090 fell from 65 to 24 ng/ml postoperatively. Surgical results depended upon both the initial @entity4090 level and the @entity5 size. All eight @entity1 with @entity5 of less than 10 mm and @entity4090 levels of less than 200 ng/ml had normal postoperative @entity4090 values, whereas serum @entity4090 returned to normal in only four of eleven @entity1 with microadenomas but with preoperative @entity4090 of greater than 200 ng/ml. None of the five @entity1 with macroadenomas in who serum @entity4090 had been measured preoperatively had normalization of serum @entity4090 postoperatively, including one @entity1 with a preoperative level of less than 200 ng/ml. Menses resumed in 11 of 18 @entity1 ; @entity6726 improved in six of 11 subjects, and nine pregnancies have occurred. Analysis of these data, as well as those of 12 published series, suggests that both @entity5 size and the preoperative serum @entity4090 level are important factors in predicting the success of surgical therapy. Longitudinal follow-up is imperative to determine which @entity1 are truly cured.

title: Transsphenoidal surgery for XXXX -secreting @entity977 : a study of 28 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['prolactin', 'PRL', 'Prolactin']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['Amenorrhea']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 (22 @entity1 , six @entity1 ) underwent transsphenoidal microsurgery for suspected @entity4090 -secreting @entity977 . @entity2588 was present in 19 of the 22 @entity1 , and @entity6726 , in 21 of the 22 @entity1 and two of the six @entity1 . @entity4090 values preoperatively ranged from 62 to 38,130 ng/ml, and the mean percentage decrease in serum @entity4090 ( @entity4090 ) after surgery was 80% (range: 38% to 99%). Twenty @entity1 had microadenomas ( @entity5 less than 10 mm), and seven had macroadenomas (greater than 10 mm). Although no @entity5 was found in one patient, her serum @entity4090 fell from 65 to 24 ng/ml postoperatively. Surgical results depended upon both the initial @entity4090 level and the @entity5 size. All eight @entity1 with @entity5 of less than 10 mm and @entity4090 levels of less than 200 ng/ml had normal postoperative @entity4090 values, whereas serum @entity4090 returned to normal in only four of eleven @entity1 with microadenomas but with preoperative @entity4090 of greater than 200 ng/ml. None of the five @entity1 with macroadenomas in who serum @entity4090 had been measured preoperatively had normalization of serum @entity4090 postoperatively, including one @entity1 with a preoperative level of less than 200 ng/ml. Menses resumed in 11 of 18 @entity1 ; @entity6726 improved in six of 11 subjects, and nine pregnancies have occurred. Analysis of these data, as well as those of 12 published series, suggests that both @entity5 size and the preoperative serum @entity4090 level are important factors in predicting the success of surgical therapy. Longitudinal follow-up is imperative to determine which @entity1 are truly cured.

title: Transsphenoidal surgery for @entity4090 -secreting XXXX : a study of 28 cases and review of the literature.

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: MR safety at 7 Tesla relies on accurate numerical simulations of transmit electromagnetic fields to fully assess local specific absorption rate (SAR) safety. Numerical simulations for SAR safety are currently performed using models of healthy @entity1 . These simulations might not be useful for estimating SAR in @entity1 who have large lesions with potentially abnormal dielectric properties, e.g., @entity1313 . THEORY AND METHODS: In this study, @entity1313 @entity1 models are constructed based on scans of four @entity1 with high grade @entity1313 . Dielectric properties for the modeled @entity5 are assigned based on electrical properties tomography data for the same @entity1 . Simulations were performed to determine SAR. RESULTS: Local SAR increases in the @entity5 by as much as 30%. However, the location of the maximum 10-gram averaged SAR typically occurs outside of the @entity5 , and thus does not increase. In the worst case, if the @entity5 model is moved to the location of maximum electric field intensity, then we do observe an increase in the estimated peak 10-gram SAR directly related to the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Peak local SAR estimation made on the results of a healthy @entity1 model simulation may underestimate the true peak local SAR in a @entity1313 @entity1 . Magn Reson Med, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Local specific absorption rate in XXXX at 7 tesla.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. In 2002, the Danish @entity5 Society opened a rehabilitation centre in which @entity5 @entity1 were offered a free, six-day, multidimensional residential course. Our previous studies of the effects of this course at one and six months of follow-up showed no positive effect on distress. We investigated long-term effects at 12 months of follow-up and whether subgroups with fewer psychosocial resources received more benefit from the intervention than @entity1 with better resources. Material and methods. In two Danish counties, 507 @entity1 with @entity0 diagnosed within the past two years who had completed primary treatment were randomised to a six-day, multidimensional residential rehabilitation course or to standard care. Of these, 208 @entity1 received the allocated intervention and 244 received the allocated control condition and were included in the analyses. @entity1 in both groups completed questionnaires at baseline and at one, six and 12 months of follow-up, including the 'Profile of Mood States short form', the 'General Self-efficacy' scale and a question on emotional support. At 12 months of follow-up, 179 @entity1 in the intervention group and 195 in the control group provided data. Results. No effect of the intervention was found on distress at 12 months of follow-up, even in subgroups with fewer psychosocial resources at baseline, i.e. greater baseline distress, poorer self-efficacy and less emotional support. Conclusion. Multidimensional rehabilitation programmes may not be effective in the treatment of distress. During the past few decades, studies of psychotherapy or psycho-education in @entity5 @entity1 have shown small to moderate effects. More focused rehabilitation programmes may be more effective.

title: Distress after a XXXX rehabilitation course. Main effects and effect modification in a randomised trial at 12 months of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast, prostate, colon or rectum cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['psychosocial cancer']


abstract: Salt treatment of the cytoplasmic @entity53 -receptor complex from @entity1573 oviduct induces a strong affinity of the complex for DNA-cellulose and @entity4364 . This process is called activation. Binding to heparin- and lysozyme-sepharose is also observed with the untreated complex. But, the salt treatment, additional binding of the complex to these adsorbents is seen. The increased ability of the complex to bind to polyanions and polycations is destroyed by mild trypsination. The binding to the hydrophobic adsorbent is not affected by this treatment. Neither a change of the sedimentation constant nor of the size of the receptor protein is observed after salt treatment in the cold. After binding of the salt-activated @entity53 -receptor complex to DNA-cellulose in the cold, an increase of its sedimentation constant and its size, as measured by density-gradient centrifugation and agarose gel chromatography, resp., becomes apparent. A similar phenomenon is observed after binding to DEAE-cellulose and to some extent after binding to heparin-sepharose. The nuclear complex seems to have the same sedimentation constant as the cytoplasmic complex eluted from DNA-cellulose. The sedimentation constant of the nuclear complex is not changed after DNA-cellulose chromatography. The cytoplasmic @entity1420 -receptor complex from the same tissue, i.e. the oviduct, does not show any change of size. Thus the well-known process of transformation can now be separated into 2 steps. (1) Activation of the @entity53 -receptor complex for its binding to various adsorbents in vitro and probably to its acceptor site(s) in vivo. (2) Increase of receptor size. This second step seems to be a special property of the @entity53 -receptor complex. Its physiological significance is unclear.

title: Transformation of the estrogen-receptor complex from XXXX oviduct in 2 steps.

entities_list: @entity4364 :: ('MESH:C020927', 'Chemical') :: ['phenyl-sepharose']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Isolation of specific bacteria from @entity1 intestinal microflora to convert naringin to naringenin efficiently. METHODS: Fresh @entity1 feces from healthy individual was cultured in an anaerobic chamber for 24 h before being diluted and spread on agar medium. We cultured and incubated each single colony with the substrate naringin. The biotransformation of naringin by each single colony was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We identified the isolated bacteria based on the analyses of 16S rDNA sequence and biochemical traits. We also studied the bioconversion kinetics of the bacteria. RESULTS: Four bacterial strains, named @entity5133 -JLD3, @entity5133 , @entity5133 -JLD104 and @entity5133 -JLD109, capable of biotransforming naringin to naringenin, were isolated and identified as Blautia sp. @entity5133 -JLD3, Enterococcus sp. @entity5133 , Bacteroides sp. @entity5133 -JLD104 and @entity34595 . @entity5133 -JLD109 respectively based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, bacterial cell morphology, and biochemical traits. Study on biotransforming kinetics showed that all the four isolated bacterial strains were able to convert naringin (0.2 mmol/L) to naringenin within 12 h. The maximal concentration of the substrate naringin that strain @entity5133 -JLD3, strain @entity5133 , strain @entity5133 -JLD104 and strain @entity5133 -JLD109 could biotransform efficiently were 0. 2 mmol/L (the average biotransforming rate was 66. 67%), 0.8 mmol/L (the average biotransforming rate was 86.49%), 0. 2 mmol/L (the average biotransforming rate was 73.68%) and 1.6 mmol/L (the average biotransforming rate was 93.20%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The four bacterial strains were capable of biotransforming naringin to naringenin, among which @entity34595 . @entity5133 -JLD109 has the highest naringin biotransforming capacity.

title: [Isolation, identification and naringin biotransforming properties of naringinase producing bacteria isolated from XXXX intestinal microflora].

entities_list: @entity34595 :: ('197614', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pasteurianus subsp']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1066 is one of the most serious diseases and a common problem in various stages marine culture including @entity6941 culture of southern China. The isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria from @entity6941 will be useful for monitoring of drug resistance and controlling the outbreak and spread of @entity1066 in @entity6941 . The purpose of this study was to characterize the pathogen of @entity6941 . METHODS: The pathogenic bacteria separated from the liver and kidney of diseased fish were identified through pure culture, artificial @entity281 , automatic tests in bacteriology automatic identification, drug sensitive tests, morphometry, and physiological and biochemical determination. RESULTS: The strains were characterized and identified as @entity12671 . Two strain were selected for virulence tests and all the moribund/dead fish exhibited @entity1066 as that observed in natural outbreak. Drug sensitive tests show that @entity12671 was highly resistant to 3 agents including @entity114 , whereas sensitive to 5 agents including @entity2755 . Histopathological changes were mainly shown as @entity409 as a result of inflammatory cell infiltration in the diseased tissue. CONCLUSION: The biochemical, physiological tests confirm that @entity12671 is the pathogen causing @entity6941 vibriosis. The multi-drug resistance among @entity12671 suggests strengthened monitoring of outbreaks of @entity12671 caused disease in @entity6941 culture.

title: [Biological characteristics and histopathological observation of XXXX from diseased fish].

entities_list: @entity12671 :: ('663', 'Species') :: ['V. alginolyticus', 'Vibrio alginolyticus']

entities_list: @entity6941 :: ('94232', 'Species') :: ['E. coioides', 'Epinephelus coioides']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Ulcer disease', 'ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cell degeneration and necrosis of gill, liver and kidney, and alterative inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloromycetin']

answer: @entity12671 :: (663,Species) :: ['Vibrio alginolyticus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a major public health problem. Regulating food intake and promoting metabolism of fat are two important options for treating @entity28 . Auricular vagus nerve stimulation (AVNS) is considered as an alternative approach to vagal nerve stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AVNS and its mechanisms on @entity28 in @entity28 @entity35 . METHODS: Male @entity35 were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet for 8  wk. Qualified HFD @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups: the HFD group, the AVNS group, and the sham group for 6  wk treatment. Body weight and daily energy intake were recorded weekly. The @entity35 were sacrificed for measurement of weight of bilateral perirenal, epididymal @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), dorsal brown adipose tissue (BAT), and gastric emptying. Serum cholecystokinin ( @entity6140 ), peptide YY3 to 36 (PYY3-36) and @entity1063 (NE) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expressions of @entity6140 subtype receptor a (CCKa) in the antrum, PYY3-36 receptor in the distal ileum, b3-adrenoceptor, and uncoupling protein gene 1 ( @entity5483 ) in the BAT. RESULTS: Compared with HFD group, AVNS significantly reduced body @entity1386 and increased BAT weight, serum NE, mRNA expressions of b3-adrenoceptors, and @entity5483 of the BAT, but had no effect on daily energy intake, perirenal @entity1386 weight, gastric emptying, serum levels of @entity6140 and @entity10559 , or mRNA expressions of CCKa receptor and PYY3-36 receptor in the relevant tissues. The sham group, as a comparison group for AVNS, saw less effect in any of the indexes compared with the HFD group. AVNS had more effect on weight loss, @entity1386 , and increase of NE, b3-adrenoceptor, and @entity5483 than sham. CONCLUSIONS: AVNS was more effective in reducing body weight and causing visceral fat loss. Biochemical tests found more NE released in the serum and more b3-adrenoceptor and @entity5483 expression in the BAT. All of these features suggested that energy expenditure might play an important role in @entity28 management by AVNS.

title: Effects and mechanisms of auricular vagus nerve stimulation on high-fat-diet-induced XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['white adipose tissue', 'reduction of perirenal WAT', 'WAT', 'weight and epididymal WAT']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a major public health problem. Regulating food intake and promoting metabolism of fat are two important options for treating @entity28 . Auricular vagus nerve stimulation (AVNS) is considered as an alternative approach to vagal nerve stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AVNS and its mechanisms on @entity28 in @entity28 @entity35 . METHODS: Male @entity35 were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet for 8  wk. Qualified HFD @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups: the HFD group, the AVNS group, and the sham group for 6  wk treatment. Body weight and daily energy intake were recorded weekly. The @entity35 were sacrificed for measurement of weight of bilateral perirenal, epididymal @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), dorsal brown adipose tissue (BAT), and gastric emptying. Serum cholecystokinin ( @entity6140 ), peptide YY3 to 36 (PYY3-36) and @entity1063 (NE) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expressions of @entity6140 subtype receptor a (CCKa) in the antrum, PYY3-36 receptor in the distal ileum, b3-adrenoceptor, and uncoupling protein gene 1 ( @entity5483 ) in the BAT. RESULTS: Compared with HFD group, AVNS significantly reduced body @entity1386 and increased BAT weight, serum NE, mRNA expressions of b3-adrenoceptors, and @entity5483 of the BAT, but had no effect on daily energy intake, perirenal @entity1386 weight, gastric emptying, serum levels of @entity6140 and @entity10559 , or mRNA expressions of CCKa receptor and PYY3-36 receptor in the relevant tissues. The sham group, as a comparison group for AVNS, saw less effect in any of the indexes compared with the HFD group. AVNS had more effect on weight loss, @entity1386 , and increase of NE, b3-adrenoceptor, and @entity5483 than sham. CONCLUSIONS: AVNS was more effective in reducing body weight and causing visceral fat loss. Biochemical tests found more NE released in the serum and more b3-adrenoceptor and @entity5483 expression in the BAT. All of these features suggested that energy expenditure might play an important role in @entity28 management by AVNS.

title: Effects and mechanisms of auricular vagus nerve stimulation on high-fat-diet-induced @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature about the relationship between @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and @entity64 location is conflicting with some studies finding an association and others demonstrating no relationship. Among acute @entity385 @entity1 , we sought to examine the relationship between @entity64 location and the prevalence of @entity27 ; @entity27 severity based on @entity27 index (AHI), arousal frequency, and measure of @entity519 ; and number of central and obstructive respiratory events. METHODS: Data were obtained from @entity1 who participated in a randomized controlled trial (NCT01446913) that evaluated the effectiveness of a strategy of diagnosing and treating @entity27 among @entity1 with acute @entity385 and transient @entity63 attack. @entity64 location was classified by brain imaging reports into subdivisions of lobes, subcortical areas, brainstem, cerebellum, and vascular territory. The association between @entity64 and polysomnographic findings was evaluated using logistic regression for @entity27 presence and negative binomial regression for AHI. RESULTS: Among 73 @entity1 with complete polysomnography and @entity64 location data, 58 (79%) had @entity27 . In unadjusted models, no @entity64 location variable was associated with the prevalence or severity of @entity27 . Similarly, in multivariable modeling, groupings of @entity64 location were also not associated with @entity27 presence. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity27 is present in the majority of @entity64 @entity1 and imply that @entity64 location cannot be used to identify a group with higher risk of @entity27 . The results also suggest that @entity27 likely predated the @entity64 . Given this high overall prevalence, strong consideration should be given to obtaining polysomnography for all @entity385 @entity1 .

title: Infarct location and sleep apnea: evaluating the potential association in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke location', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Obstructive respiratory events often terminate with an associated respiratory-related leg movement (RRLM). Such leg movements are not scored as periodic leg movements (periodic limb movements during sleep, PLMS), although the criteria for distinguishing RRLM from PLMS differ between the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and the World Association of Sleep Medicine (WASM)/ International @entity4531 Study Group (IRLSSG) scoring manuals. Such LMs may be clinically significant in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). The prevalence and correlation of RRLM in @entity1 with @entity27 were examined. METHODS: A case-control sample of 575 @entity1 was selected from all @entity1 with an @entity27 index (AHI, >= 3% desaturation criteria)   >=    10 and good data from piezoelectric leg movement sensors at the first in-home sleep study in the @entity35638 cohort (mean age   =   76.8 years). Sleep studies were rescored for RRLMs using five different RRLM definitions varying in both latency of leg movement onset from respiratory event termination and duration of the leg movement. The quartile of RRLM% (the number of RRLM/the number of hypopneas   +   @entity386 ) was derived. RESULTS: The nonparametric densities of RRLM% were most influenced by alterations in the latency rather than the duration of the LM. The most liberal RRLM definition (latency 0-5   s, duration 0.5-10   s) led to a median RRLM% of 23.4 (interquartile range 12.41, 37.12) in this sample. The average AHI and arousal index increased as the quartile of RRLM% increased, as well as the prevalence of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). The prevalence of those with a history of @entity101 decreased as RRLM% increased. The non-Caucasian race was associated with lower RRLM%. CONCLUSION: Within an elderly sample with moderate to severe @entity27 , piezoelectric-defined RRLM% is associated with a number of sleep-related and demographic factors. Further study of the optimal definition, predictors, and consequences of RRLM is warranted.

title: Prevalence and associations of respiratory-related leg movements: the XXXX sleep study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['Restless Legs Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity35638 :: (8011,Gene) :: ['MrOS']


abstract: PURPOSE: Knowledge of the specific anatomical information of a @entity1 is important when planning and undertaking laparoscopic surgery due to the restricted field of view and lack of tactile feedback compared to open surgery. To assist this type of surgery, we have developed a surgical navigation system that presents the @entity1 's anatomical information synchronized with the laparoscope position. This paper presents the surgical navigation system and its clinical application to laparoscopic gastrectomy for @entity356 . METHODS: The proposed surgical navigation system generates virtual laparoscopic views corresponding to the laparoscope position recorded with a three-dimensional (3D) positional tracker. The virtual laparoscopic views are generated from preoperative CT images. A point-based registration aligns coordinate systems between the @entity1 's anatomy and image coordinates. The proposed navigation system is able to display the virtual laparoscopic views using the registration result during surgery. RESULTS: We performed surgical navigation during laparoscopic gastrectomy in 23 cases. The navigation system was able to present the virtual laparoscopic views in synchronization with the laparoscopic position. The fiducial registration error was calculated in all 23 cases, and the average was 14.0  mm (range 6.1-29.8). CONCLUSION: The proposed surgical navigation system can provide CT-derived @entity1 anatomy aligned to the laparoscopic view in real time during surgery. This system enables accurate identification of vascular anatomy as a guide to vessel clamping prior to total or partial gastrectomy.

title: Clinical application of a surgical navigation system based on virtual laparoscopy in laparoscopic gastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the serotonin-norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitor desvenlafaxine on blood pressure and incidence of new onset @entity101 in pooled short-term studies and in two longer-term, randomized withdrawal studies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data from @entity1 randomly assigned to desvenlafaxine 10   mg to 400   mg/day or placebo in 11 short-term (8-12 weeks), fixed-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of @entity308 ( @entity308 ) were pooled for analysis; two desvenlafaxine randomized withdrawal studies (36 and 46 weeks) were analyzed separately. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT00072774, NCT00073762, NCT00277823, NCT00300378, NCT00384033, NCT00798707, NCT00863798, NCT01121484, NCT00824291, NCT01432457, NCT00075257, NCT00887224. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes included change from baseline in supine systolic blood pressure (SSBP) and supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP), assessed using a mixed model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis, and incidence of @entity101 (defined as three consecutive second SDBP measures >= 90   mm Hg AND increase of >= 10   mm Hg from baseline and/or SSBP >= 140   mm Hg AND increase of >= 10   mm Hg), analyzed using Cochran Mantel Hanzael tests. Potential predictors of change in SSBP and SDBP at LOCF were examined by including predictor variables in a regression model. RESULTS: In the pooled, short-term studies, mean changes from baseline over time in SSBP and SDBP were statistically significant compared with placebo for the desvenlafaxine doses of 10   mg/day or greater for SSBP (p    <=   0.0004; MMRM) and 25   mg/day or greater for SDBP (p    <=   0.0449; MMRM). The proportion of @entity1 with new onset @entity101 differed significantly from placebo for the 50, 200, and 400   mg/day doses (1.9%, 2.4%, 4.8%, respectively, vs 0.8%; all p    <=   0.0244). Predictors of change in BP included baseline SDBP, baseline SSBP, dose, body mass index, gender, age, race, and history of @entity101 . LIMITATIONS: Data were pooled from studies which differed somewhat in study design and @entity1 demographics. None of the studies were originally designed to examine treatment effects on BP. Study entry criteria limit generalization of these results to medically stable @entity1 with a primary diagnosis of @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: Short-term desvenlafaxine treatment was associated with small but statistically significant increases in SSBP and SDBP.

title: Effects of desvenlafaxine on blood pressure in @entity1 treated for XXXX : a pooled analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depressive disorder']