abstract: Prostacyclin (PGI2) production and platelet adhesion were studied in veins grafted into the arterial system of @entity95 . Animal groups consisted of: no treatment; low dose @entity117 ( @entity1281 ) (0.5 mg . kg-1 X 24 h-1) plus @entity4341 (2 mg . kg-1 X 6 h-1); high dose @entity1281 (40 mg . kg-1 X 24 h-1) plus @entity4341 (2 mg . kg-1 X 6 h-1); @entity4341 (2 mg . kg-1 X 6 h-1) alone. Results showed that vein grafts from animals treated with high dose @entity1281 plus @entity4341 produced significantly less PGI2 than the other three groups (p less than 0.05 compared with the @entity4341 group; p less than 0.01 compared with the other two groups). In addition, there was significantly greater platelet deposition on the vein grafts from this high dose @entity1281 group as compared to the low dose @entity1281 group (p less than 0.05). By contrast, animals treated with @entity4341 alone had significantly less platelet deposition compared to both the control and high dose @entity1281 groups (p less than 0.05). High dose @entity1281 given to prevent @entity715 following coronary artery bypass grafting may, by reducing PGI2, result in enhanced platelet deposition. This in turn is likely to @entity1373 as has been demonstrated previously with high dose @entity1281 . Clinical studies, which have shown the early anti-thrombotic benefits of high dose @entity1281 plus @entity4341 , have not measured graft intimal thickness. Since this process is an important cause of graft narrowing, @entity1281 , in high dose, may adversely affect long-term graft survival.

title: Adverse effects of high dose XXXX on platelet adhesion to experimental autogenous vein grafts.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['increase intimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic occlusion']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1624 is a @entity209 caused by mutations in the @entity29272 gene [1,2]. We encountered a @entity1 heterozygous for a known pathogenic @entity73169 mutation and a novel @entity73170 variant of unknown significance [3]. Reminiscent of @entity1 with the @entity73171 mutation, our @entity1 had loss of @entity29272 enzyme activity in erythrocytes but a very mild clinical phenotype [3-8]. We performed splicing experiments and computational structural analyses to investigate the role of the novel @entity73170 variant. Alamut software data predicted loss of splicing enhancers for the @entity73170 and @entity73171 mutations [9,10]. A cDNA library was generated from our @entity1 * s RNA to investigate for splicing errors, but no change in transcript length was seen [3]. In silico structural analysis was performed to investigate enzyme stability and attempt to understand the mechanism of the @entity1624 phenotype. Stability results are publicly available in the @entity29272 Protein Database 2.0 [11-14]. Animations were created to give the reader a dynamic view of the enzyme structure and mutation locations. Protein database files and python scripts are included for further investigation.

title: Biochemical and computational analyses of two phenotypically related @entity29272 mutations ( @entity73170 and @entity73171 ) that XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1624 :: ('MESH:D005693', 'Disease') :: ['Galactosemia', 'atypical galactosemia']

answer: @entity1624 :: (MESH:D005693,Disease) :: ['lead to atypical galactosemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1624 is a @entity209 caused by mutations in the @entity29272 gene [1,2]. We encountered a @entity1 heterozygous for a known pathogenic @entity73169 mutation and a novel @entity73170 variant of unknown significance [3]. Reminiscent of @entity1 with the @entity73171 mutation, our @entity1 had loss of @entity29272 enzyme activity in erythrocytes but a very mild clinical phenotype [3-8]. We performed splicing experiments and computational structural analyses to investigate the role of the novel @entity73170 variant. Alamut software data predicted loss of splicing enhancers for the @entity73170 and @entity73171 mutations [9,10]. A cDNA library was generated from our @entity1 * s RNA to investigate for splicing errors, but no change in transcript length was seen [3]. In silico structural analysis was performed to investigate enzyme stability and attempt to understand the mechanism of the @entity1624 phenotype. Stability results are publicly available in the @entity29272 Protein Database 2.0 [11-14]. Animations were created to give the reader a dynamic view of the enzyme structure and mutation locations. Protein database files and python scripts are included for further investigation.

title: Biochemical and computational analyses of two phenotypically related XXXX mutations ( @entity73170 and @entity73171 ) that @entity1624 .

answer: @entity29272 :: (2592,Gene) :: ['GALT']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1624 is a @entity209 caused by mutations in the @entity29272 gene [1,2]. We encountered a @entity1 heterozygous for a known pathogenic @entity73169 mutation and a novel @entity73170 variant of unknown significance [3]. Reminiscent of @entity1 with the @entity73171 mutation, our @entity1 had loss of @entity29272 enzyme activity in erythrocytes but a very mild clinical phenotype [3-8]. We performed splicing experiments and computational structural analyses to investigate the role of the novel @entity73170 variant. Alamut software data predicted loss of splicing enhancers for the @entity73170 and @entity73171 mutations [9,10]. A cDNA library was generated from our @entity1 * s RNA to investigate for splicing errors, but no change in transcript length was seen [3]. In silico structural analysis was performed to investigate enzyme stability and attempt to understand the mechanism of the @entity1624 phenotype. Stability results are publicly available in the @entity29272 Protein Database 2.0 [11-14]. Animations were created to give the reader a dynamic view of the enzyme structure and mutation locations. Protein database files and python scripts are included for further investigation.

title: Biochemical and computational analyses of two phenotypically related @entity29272 mutations ( @entity73170 and XXXX ) that @entity1624 .

answer: @entity73171 :: (p|SUB|S|135|L,ProteinMutation) :: ['S135L']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1624 is a @entity209 caused by mutations in the @entity29272 gene [1,2]. We encountered a @entity1 heterozygous for a known pathogenic @entity73169 mutation and a novel @entity73170 variant of unknown significance [3]. Reminiscent of @entity1 with the @entity73171 mutation, our @entity1 had loss of @entity29272 enzyme activity in erythrocytes but a very mild clinical phenotype [3-8]. We performed splicing experiments and computational structural analyses to investigate the role of the novel @entity73170 variant. Alamut software data predicted loss of splicing enhancers for the @entity73170 and @entity73171 mutations [9,10]. A cDNA library was generated from our @entity1 * s RNA to investigate for splicing errors, but no change in transcript length was seen [3]. In silico structural analysis was performed to investigate enzyme stability and attempt to understand the mechanism of the @entity1624 phenotype. Stability results are publicly available in the @entity29272 Protein Database 2.0 [11-14]. Animations were created to give the reader a dynamic view of the enzyme structure and mutation locations. Protein database files and python scripts are included for further investigation.

title: Biochemical and computational analyses of two phenotypically related @entity29272 mutations ( XXXX and @entity73171 ) that @entity1624 .

answer: @entity73170 :: (p|SUB|S|222|N,ProteinMutation) :: ['S222N']


abstract: The authors report a series of 53 bedridden @entity1 having harmful @entity508 in one (6) or both (47) lower limb(s) and treated with selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) in the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ). This severe @entity508 was associated with @entity1159 in 49 cases and hyperextension in 3 others. 37 of these @entity1 also had @entity158 manifestations. The method was introduced in 1972 on the basis of anatomical studies of the DREZ in @entity1 which showed a topographical segregation of the afferent roots according to their anatomico-functional destinations. The technique consists of a 2 mm deep DREZ microsurgical cut directed at a 45 degree angle into the posterior lateral sulcus just ventral to DREZ and Lissauer's tract of the spinal cord. The procedure was carried out at each sensory rootlet considered to be responsible for the harmful @entity508 and @entity158 . SPR interrupts selectively the lateral nociceptive and central myotactic afferent fibers curving toward Lissauer's tract and the anterior spinal cord, while sparing most of the medial lemniscal fibers curving toward the dorsal columns, as well as the fibers of the inhibitory circuitry of Lissauer's tract and dorsal horn. The results were evaluated after a 1 to 14 year follow-up. Mild to severe complications occurred in 25 @entity1 (47.1%) and were responsible for @entity204 in 5 (9.4%). Both @entity508 and @entity2473 were significantly decreased or completely eliminated in 75% and 88.2% respectively; when present, @entity158 was relieved without a total suppression of sensation in 91.6%. These benefits-combined with complementary orthopedic surgery in 23 @entity1 --resulted in either a complete resolution or marked reduction of the abnormal postures and articular limitations (85.2% complete and 96.75 marked reduction). Because of the extreme severity of the pre-operative @entity51 in almost all the @entity1 in this series, surgery improved @entity717 with a significant functional benefit in only 5 cases and vesico-sphincter function in none. Thanks to its valuable effects on hyperspasticity and @entity158 , SPR in the DREZ made it possible for these very disable @entity1 to be more comfortable in bed and wheel-chair and it allowed effective nursing and kinesitherapy to be resumed.

title: [Selective posterior rhizotomy at the posterior radiculomedullary junction in the treatment of hyperspasticity and XXXX in the lower limbs].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['irreducible flexion contracture']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movements']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6288 , the loss of muscle mass and strength, is associated adversely with disability, morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological findings suggest influences operating across the life course may be important. Our aim was to ascertain the feasibility and acceptability of obtaining muscle tissue from healthy older @entity1 in order to ultimately identify cellular mechanisms underlying life course influences on @entity6288 . METHODS: 105 @entity1 with documented birth weight consented to detailed assessment of muscle mass and strength, and a biopsy of the vastus lateralis using the Weil-Blakesley conchotome. Acceptability was ascertained by questionnaire and a 100 mm @entity158 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). 100 mm indicated severe @entity158 . RESULTS: Muscle biopsy was successfully carried out in 102 out of 105 @entity1 , mean yield 107 mg (range 20-290 mg). There were no serious wound complications. Ninety-three @entity1 completed feedback questionnaires. The median @entity158 VAS score during the procedure was 7 mm (Interquartile range [IQR] 1-34), 4 mm (IQR 0-16) one day after the procedure and 1mm (IQR 0-4) 7 days after the procedure. 60 (65%) @entity1 were back to their normal levels of activity one day after the procedure. 85 (91%) found this procedure acceptable and would have the procedure again. CONCLUSION: Muscle biopsy using a Weil-Blakesley conchotome is both feasible and acceptable in community dwelling older @entity1 participating in epidemiological research. The excellent yield of biopsy tissue will allow morphological and molecular studies of muscle to be integrated into an epidemiological study facilitating investigation of the mechanisms underpinning @entity6288 that could potentially be altered by life course influences.

title: The feasibility and acceptability of muscle biopsy in epidemiological studies: findings from the XXXX ( @entity6288 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia', 'sarcopenia']

answer: @entity6288 :: (MESH:D055948,Disease) :: ['Hertfordshire Sarcopenia Study']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6288 , the loss of muscle mass and strength, is associated adversely with disability, morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological findings suggest influences operating across the life course may be important. Our aim was to ascertain the feasibility and acceptability of obtaining muscle tissue from healthy older @entity1 in order to ultimately identify cellular mechanisms underlying life course influences on @entity6288 . METHODS: 105 @entity1 with documented birth weight consented to detailed assessment of muscle mass and strength, and a biopsy of the vastus lateralis using the Weil-Blakesley conchotome. Acceptability was ascertained by questionnaire and a 100 mm @entity158 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). 100 mm indicated severe @entity158 . RESULTS: Muscle biopsy was successfully carried out in 102 out of 105 @entity1 , mean yield 107 mg (range 20-290 mg). There were no serious wound complications. Ninety-three @entity1 completed feedback questionnaires. The median @entity158 VAS score during the procedure was 7 mm (Interquartile range [IQR] 1-34), 4 mm (IQR 0-16) one day after the procedure and 1mm (IQR 0-4) 7 days after the procedure. 60 (65%) @entity1 were back to their normal levels of activity one day after the procedure. 85 (91%) found this procedure acceptable and would have the procedure again. CONCLUSION: Muscle biopsy using a Weil-Blakesley conchotome is both feasible and acceptable in community dwelling older @entity1 participating in epidemiological research. The excellent yield of biopsy tissue will allow morphological and molecular studies of muscle to be integrated into an epidemiological study facilitating investigation of the mechanisms underpinning @entity6288 that could potentially be altered by life course influences.

title: The feasibility and acceptability of muscle biopsy in epidemiological studies: findings from the @entity6288 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity6288 :: (MESH:D055948,Disease) :: ['HSS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27708 is widely used to prevent and treat prematurity-associated @entity386 . AIMS: The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of @entity27708 on the neural control of breathing, especially central @entity386 , in premature @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Preterm @entity1 were evaluated for 30min before and 30min after @entity27708 loading (20mg/kg). A feeding tube including miniaturized sensors was used to measure the diaphragm electrical activity (Edi) waveform. Central @entity386 was defined as any period where the Edi waveform was flat for >5s. SUBJECTS: Seventeen preterm @entity1 with a mean age of three days and mean birth weight of 900 grams were evaluated. OUTCOME MEASURES: In addition to central @entity386 , several parameters including neural inspiratory time, neural respiratory rate, peak Edi, delta inspiratory change in Edi (phasic Edi) and minimum Edi on exhalation were measured. RESULTS: The majority of the @entity386 were short (5 to 10s) and the number of @entity386 correlated with birth weight (p=0.039). @entity27708 reduced significantly the number of 5-to-10-second-long central @entity386 during the 30-minute periods (12  11 to 7  7; p=0.02). @entity27708 increased both peak and phasic Edi leading to a significant increase in the diaphragm energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS: Edi signal can be reliably measured and processed to study changes in premature @entity1 ' neural breathing. The beneficial effect of @entity27708 on the reduction of the number of @entity386 is mediated through stimulated neural breathing increasing the diaphragm energy expenditure.

title: The effect of XXXX on neural breathing pattern in preterm @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity27708 :: ('MESH:C026189', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine citrate', 'Caffeine citrate']

answer: @entity27708 :: (MESH:C026189,Chemical) :: ['caffeine citrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27708 is widely used to prevent and treat prematurity-associated @entity386 . AIMS: The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of @entity27708 on the neural control of breathing, especially central @entity386 , in premature @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Preterm @entity1 were evaluated for 30min before and 30min after @entity27708 loading (20mg/kg). A feeding tube including miniaturized sensors was used to measure the diaphragm electrical activity (Edi) waveform. Central @entity386 was defined as any period where the Edi waveform was flat for >5s. SUBJECTS: Seventeen preterm @entity1 with a mean age of three days and mean birth weight of 900 grams were evaluated. OUTCOME MEASURES: In addition to central @entity386 , several parameters including neural inspiratory time, neural respiratory rate, peak Edi, delta inspiratory change in Edi (phasic Edi) and minimum Edi on exhalation were measured. RESULTS: The majority of the @entity386 were short (5 to 10s) and the number of @entity386 correlated with birth weight (p=0.039). @entity27708 reduced significantly the number of 5-to-10-second-long central @entity386 during the 30-minute periods (12  11 to 7  7; p=0.02). @entity27708 increased both peak and phasic Edi leading to a significant increase in the diaphragm energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS: Edi signal can be reliably measured and processed to study changes in premature @entity1 ' neural breathing. The beneficial effect of @entity27708 on the reduction of the number of @entity386 is mediated through stimulated neural breathing increasing the diaphragm energy expenditure.

title: The effect of @entity27708 on neural breathing pattern in preterm XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the surgical technique, initial results, and overview indications of thoracoscopic repair of @entity2914 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of @entity1 with @entity7195 who underwent thoracoscopic repair from January 2006 to July 2010, in department of pediatric surgery in a tertiary care institute in India. @entity1 underwent surgery under general anesthesia. Reduction of the @entity547 contents was carried out using one trocar for telescope and two operating trocars. @entity456 with @entity544 was maintained at a pressure of 6-10 mmHg. The @entity154 was repaired using nonabsorbable interrupted sutures. RESULTS: There were 17 @entity1 , including 12 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 . Among 12 @entity1 , there were 6 @entity1 younger than 30 days. The other 5 @entity1 were older than 1 year. The @entity547 was located in the left side in 14 @entity1 and in the right side in 3 @entity1 . The mean operative time was 110 min. Conversion was required in three @entity1 . There were one recurrence and one @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic repair is feasible and safe for @entity1 with @entity7195 , including selective newborn. The technique causes minimal @entity130 , results in good respiratory function, and promotes early recovery.

title: Early experience with thoracoscopic repair of congenital XXXX in pediatric age group: results and lessons learned.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['hernia defect']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural insufflation']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['diaphragmatic hernias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the perinatal outcome of prenatally diagnosed @entity5149 . METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of all cases of prenatally diagnosed @entity5149 referred to a major tertiary fetal medicine unit. Cases were identified from the fetal medicine and obstetric databases and pregnancy details and delivery outcome data obtained. Details of termination of pregnancy, number of @entity1 undergoing karyotyping as well as details of prenatal classification of severity were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 174 cases were identified. Of these, outcome data was available for 88.5% (154/174) of the pregnancies. Eighty three (47.7%) of cases were isolated and 91 cases (52.3%) were associated with additional abnormalities. There was a significant difference in birth weights between the two cohorts. @entity66 tended to be more severe. A high caesarean section rate was noted overall and a high @entity3152 rate seen in the isolated group. CONCLUSION: This study is important because it provides contemporary data that can be used to counsel @entity1 prenatally. In particular, the raised risk of @entity3152 and caesarean section as well as the increased severity of the condition when both feet are affected should be discussed. The poor perinatal outcome when additional anomalies are present and the increased risk of @entity2007 are also important factors.

title: Perinatal outcome of prenatally diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral abnormality']

entities_list: @entity5149 :: ('MESH:D003025', 'Disease') :: ['congenital talipes equinovarus']

answer: @entity5149 :: (MESH:D003025,Disease) :: ['congenital talipes equinovarus']


abstract: Cultured @entity1 synovial fibroblasts express mRNA for the chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) @entity687 ( @entity687 ), @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) and regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted ( @entity5737 ), when stimulated with @entity1192 or @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ). @entity29478 , a potent type 1/2A protein @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphatase inhibitor, was used to examine the role of protein phosphatases in the regulation of chemokine gene expression. @entity29478 (1 nM) mimicked @entity1192 by inducing @entity687 and @entity2842 mRNA expression in synovial cells. @entity687 mRNA was induced over a similar time period (1-6 h) in response to @entity1192 or @entity29478 , whereas @entity2842 mRNA was induced more rapidly (1-2 h) by @entity29478 than by @entity1192 (4-6 h). Expression of @entity5737 mRNA occurred in response to @entity310 , but could not be induced by stimulation with @entity29478 alone. These results suggest that inhibition of protein phosphatase type 1/2A may have a differential role in the regulation of the expression of each of the chemokine genes. Synovial fibroblasts also secreted @entity687 and @entity650 peptide when stimulated with either @entity1192 / @entity310 or @entity29478 . The amount of @entity687 and @entity650 peptide produced in response to @entity29478 was significantly increased above that produced by untreated synovial cells, though it was much less than the amount induced by @entity1192 or @entity310 . @entity29478 also acted synergistically with @entity1192 or @entity310 to cause a 2-fold potentiation of @entity1192 - or @entity310 -induced @entity687 mRNA and peptide and @entity5737 mRNA expression. These results suggest that although inhibition of a protein phosphatase may be able to regulate the magnitude of @entity1192 -induced chemokine gene expression, the @entity1192 signal transduction pathway involves components in addition to phosphatase inhibition, possibly including the activation of a protein kinase, the action of which may be opposed by a protein phosphatase inhibited by @entity29478 .

title: The protein phosphatase inhibitor XXXX stimulates chemokine production by @entity1 synovial cells.

entities_list: @entity29478 :: ('MESH:C059041', 'Chemical') :: ['Calyculin A', 'calyculin A']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemotactic protein 1']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity29478 :: (MESH:C059041,Chemical) :: ['calyculin A']


abstract: Cultured @entity1 synovial fibroblasts express mRNA for the chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) @entity687 ( @entity687 ), @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) and regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted ( @entity5737 ), when stimulated with @entity1192 or @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ). @entity29478 , a potent type 1/2A protein @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphatase inhibitor, was used to examine the role of protein phosphatases in the regulation of chemokine gene expression. @entity29478 (1 nM) mimicked @entity1192 by inducing @entity687 and @entity2842 mRNA expression in synovial cells. @entity687 mRNA was induced over a similar time period (1-6 h) in response to @entity1192 or @entity29478 , whereas @entity2842 mRNA was induced more rapidly (1-2 h) by @entity29478 than by @entity1192 (4-6 h). Expression of @entity5737 mRNA occurred in response to @entity310 , but could not be induced by stimulation with @entity29478 alone. These results suggest that inhibition of protein phosphatase type 1/2A may have a differential role in the regulation of the expression of each of the chemokine genes. Synovial fibroblasts also secreted @entity687 and @entity650 peptide when stimulated with either @entity1192 / @entity310 or @entity29478 . The amount of @entity687 and @entity650 peptide produced in response to @entity29478 was significantly increased above that produced by untreated synovial cells, though it was much less than the amount induced by @entity1192 or @entity310 . @entity29478 also acted synergistically with @entity1192 or @entity310 to cause a 2-fold potentiation of @entity1192 - or @entity310 -induced @entity687 mRNA and peptide and @entity5737 mRNA expression. These results suggest that although inhibition of a protein phosphatase may be able to regulate the magnitude of @entity1192 -induced chemokine gene expression, the @entity1192 signal transduction pathway involves components in addition to phosphatase inhibition, possibly including the activation of a protein kinase, the action of which may be opposed by a protein phosphatase inhibited by @entity29478 .

title: The protein phosphatase inhibitor @entity29478 stimulates chemokine production by XXXX synovial cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Abnormalities in cell cycle progression provide unlimited replicative potential to @entity5 cells, and therefore targeting of key cell cycle regulators could be a sound @entity5 chemopreventive strategy. Earlier, we found that @entity2722 ( @entity2722 ) increases @entity23886 / @entity994 protein level and inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in @entity1 @entity694 HT29 cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of @entity2722 -induced @entity994 upregulation and its role in biological efficacy of @entity2722 are not known, which were investigated here. @entity2722 treatment of HT29 cells resulted in a strong dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of @entity3962 ( @entity1366 ), consistent with @entity994 induction. The inhibition of sustained @entity1366 activation by @entity2722 using pharmacological inhibitors abrogated @entity2722 -induced @entity994 upregulation. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with @entity898 inhibited @entity2722 -induced @entity1366 phosphorylation as well as @entity994 upregulation, suggesting the involvement of @entity2722 -induced oxidative stress as an upstream event. Consistent with this, @entity2722 also decreased intracellular level of reduced @entity2041 . Next, we determined whether @entity2722 -induced signaling regulates @entity994 expression at transcriptional and/or translational levels. @entity2722 was found to increase the stability of @entity994 message with resultant increase in @entity994 protein level, but it did not alter the protein stability to a great extent. Importantly, knock-down of @entity994 abrogated @entity2722 -induced G(1) arrest suggesting that @entity994 induction by @entity2722 is essential for its G(1) arrest effect. Together, our results for the first time identify a central role of @entity994 induction and associated mechanism in @entity2722 -induced cell cycle arrest in HT29 cells.

title: Grape seed extract upregulates XXXX ( @entity994 ) through redox-mediated activation of @entity1366 and posttranscriptional regulation leading to cell cycle arrest in @entity694 HT29 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity2722 :: ('MESH:D009366', 'Disease') :: ['grape seed extract', 'GSE']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity994 :: (1026,Gene) :: ['p21']


abstract: Abnormalities in cell cycle progression provide unlimited replicative potential to @entity5 cells, and therefore targeting of key cell cycle regulators could be a sound @entity5 chemopreventive strategy. Earlier, we found that @entity2722 ( @entity2722 ) increases @entity23886 / @entity994 protein level and inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in @entity1 @entity694 HT29 cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of @entity2722 -induced @entity994 upregulation and its role in biological efficacy of @entity2722 are not known, which were investigated here. @entity2722 treatment of HT29 cells resulted in a strong dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of @entity3962 ( @entity1366 ), consistent with @entity994 induction. The inhibition of sustained @entity1366 activation by @entity2722 using pharmacological inhibitors abrogated @entity2722 -induced @entity994 upregulation. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with @entity898 inhibited @entity2722 -induced @entity1366 phosphorylation as well as @entity994 upregulation, suggesting the involvement of @entity2722 -induced oxidative stress as an upstream event. Consistent with this, @entity2722 also decreased intracellular level of reduced @entity2041 . Next, we determined whether @entity2722 -induced signaling regulates @entity994 expression at transcriptional and/or translational levels. @entity2722 was found to increase the stability of @entity994 message with resultant increase in @entity994 protein level, but it did not alter the protein stability to a great extent. Importantly, knock-down of @entity994 abrogated @entity2722 -induced G(1) arrest suggesting that @entity994 induction by @entity2722 is essential for its G(1) arrest effect. Together, our results for the first time identify a central role of @entity994 induction and associated mechanism in @entity2722 -induced cell cycle arrest in HT29 cells.

title: Grape seed extract upregulates @entity994 ( XXXX ) through redox-mediated activation of @entity1366 and posttranscriptional regulation leading to cell cycle arrest in @entity694 HT29 cells.

answer: @entity994 :: (1026,Gene) :: ['Cip1']


abstract: Abnormalities in cell cycle progression provide unlimited replicative potential to @entity5 cells, and therefore targeting of key cell cycle regulators could be a sound @entity5 chemopreventive strategy. Earlier, we found that @entity2722 ( @entity2722 ) increases @entity23886 / @entity994 protein level and inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in @entity1 @entity694 HT29 cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of @entity2722 -induced @entity994 upregulation and its role in biological efficacy of @entity2722 are not known, which were investigated here. @entity2722 treatment of HT29 cells resulted in a strong dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of @entity3962 ( @entity1366 ), consistent with @entity994 induction. The inhibition of sustained @entity1366 activation by @entity2722 using pharmacological inhibitors abrogated @entity2722 -induced @entity994 upregulation. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with @entity898 inhibited @entity2722 -induced @entity1366 phosphorylation as well as @entity994 upregulation, suggesting the involvement of @entity2722 -induced oxidative stress as an upstream event. Consistent with this, @entity2722 also decreased intracellular level of reduced @entity2041 . Next, we determined whether @entity2722 -induced signaling regulates @entity994 expression at transcriptional and/or translational levels. @entity2722 was found to increase the stability of @entity994 message with resultant increase in @entity994 protein level, but it did not alter the protein stability to a great extent. Importantly, knock-down of @entity994 abrogated @entity2722 -induced G(1) arrest suggesting that @entity994 induction by @entity2722 is essential for its G(1) arrest effect. Together, our results for the first time identify a central role of @entity994 induction and associated mechanism in @entity2722 -induced cell cycle arrest in HT29 cells.

title: Grape seed extract upregulates @entity994 ( @entity994 ) through redox-mediated activation of @entity1366 and posttranscriptional regulation leading to cell cycle arrest in XXXX HT29 cells.

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: Abnormalities in cell cycle progression provide unlimited replicative potential to @entity5 cells, and therefore targeting of key cell cycle regulators could be a sound @entity5 chemopreventive strategy. Earlier, we found that @entity2722 ( @entity2722 ) increases @entity23886 / @entity994 protein level and inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in @entity1 @entity694 HT29 cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of @entity2722 -induced @entity994 upregulation and its role in biological efficacy of @entity2722 are not known, which were investigated here. @entity2722 treatment of HT29 cells resulted in a strong dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of @entity3962 ( @entity1366 ), consistent with @entity994 induction. The inhibition of sustained @entity1366 activation by @entity2722 using pharmacological inhibitors abrogated @entity2722 -induced @entity994 upregulation. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with @entity898 inhibited @entity2722 -induced @entity1366 phosphorylation as well as @entity994 upregulation, suggesting the involvement of @entity2722 -induced oxidative stress as an upstream event. Consistent with this, @entity2722 also decreased intracellular level of reduced @entity2041 . Next, we determined whether @entity2722 -induced signaling regulates @entity994 expression at transcriptional and/or translational levels. @entity2722 was found to increase the stability of @entity994 message with resultant increase in @entity994 protein level, but it did not alter the protein stability to a great extent. Importantly, knock-down of @entity994 abrogated @entity2722 -induced G(1) arrest suggesting that @entity994 induction by @entity2722 is essential for its G(1) arrest effect. Together, our results for the first time identify a central role of @entity994 induction and associated mechanism in @entity2722 -induced cell cycle arrest in HT29 cells.

title: Grape seed extract upregulates @entity994 ( @entity994 ) through redox-mediated activation of XXXX and posttranscriptional regulation leading to cell cycle arrest in @entity694 HT29 cells.

answer: @entity1366 :: (5595;5594,Gene) :: ['ERK1/2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to report a temporary, ex vivo, distal extremity revascularization technique providing distal perfusion and allowing for a staged repair of @entity130 . In addition, the objective of this report is to provide outcome data after this novel procedure including mortality, limb salvage, and quality of limb assessment. METHODS: From February 1993 to December 2005, temporary ex vivo posterior tibial artery revascularization from the uninjured (donor) to the injured extremity was performed in 14 @entity1 . All @entity1 had blunt iliofemoral @entity1317 with class III or IV @entity548 . An end-to-end anastomosis between the two posterior tibial arteries was performed. Muscle strength of both legs was measured using the Medical Research Council scale and grade 5 means normal strength. RESULTS: The mean age at surgery was 35 years+/-7.4 years (mean+/-SD). All @entity1 with ipsilateral legs survived. Patency of the bypass was achieved in all cases. At a mean time of 30 days+/-10 days after injury, the injured iliofemoral artery was reconstructed, and the bypass was transected 7 days later. At the final follow-up, the muscle strength of both legs was of grade 5 based on Medical Research Council scale. Static two-point discrimination test scores were similar on both feet. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary ex vivo revascularization of the posterior tibial artery is a feasible option in selecting @entity1 with blunt iliofemoral @entity1317 with @entity63 and severe physiologic derangements. This unconventional method provides extremity perfusion distal to the @entity4094 during an interval period, allowing for a staged, proximal revascularization after improvement in the @entity1 's physiologic condition.

title: Temporary ex vivo posterior tibial artery bypass for iliofemoral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['injury and maintains neuromuscular viability']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['complex iliofemoral injury']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['artery injury']


abstract: The study was undertaken to identify the relationship between inflammatory and autoimmune processes in chronic @entity788 and to determine the prognostic significance of autoantibodies to antigens of acinar cells and hepatocytes, immunoglobulin G1-4. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 85 @entity1 with @entity2723 (43 @entity1 , 42 @entity1 ) were studied autoantibodies to antigens of acinar and liver cells, IgG1-4. Of these, 43 @entity1 @entity4306 was characterized by complications (cysts, @entity730 , pseudotumoral form), 40 @entity1 -- @entity4306 without complications, 2 @entity1 were diagnosed @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ), confirmed histologically. 20 @entity1 -- the control group. Experimental studies on animals, reproduction of @entity1689 . RESULTS: Maximize the level of autoantibodies--32.4 +/- 5.6 U / ml (control--10.5 +/- 2.5 U / ml) (p < or = 0.01), as well as IgG4--24 mg/ml in normal (0.8 +/- 0.08 mg/ml)--was recorded in @entity1 with @entity788 . The average value of autoantibodies--in @entity1 with @entity2723 complications: 24.2 +/- 3.8 U/ml (p < or = 0.01). The minimum value of autoantibodies--in @entity1 with @entity2723 without complications: 18.6 +/- 2.6 U/ml (p < or = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The course of @entity788 accompanied by an increase of autoantibodies to antigens of acinar and liver cells, as well as serum IgG1-4, especially IgG4, which reflects the intensity of the autoimmune responses in this disease. In addition, the exacerbation of chronic @entity788 with complications is clearly defined @entity792 . Experimental studies with preimmunization of animals allogeneic tissues have convincingly demonstrated that the formation of antibodies is not only to the antigens, reflecting the specific characteristics of these tissues, but also to general cell structures of other tissues.

title: [Autoimmune reaction component in chronic XXXX : clinical and experimental study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'autoimmune pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic autoimmune pancreatitis', 'CAP', 'acute and chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune component of disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Mortality of 70% of all @entity1 with @entity5 in the head and neck is linked with @entity448 and @entity3085 . Two reasons for @entity3085 are well known: 1. @entity66 and local therapy preventing oral nutrition and 2. advanced @entity5 activating biochemical pathways of proteolysis, lipolysis, and gluconeogenesis. Five groups of substances are now used to treat @entity5 -induced @entity3085 : corticosteroids, progestational drugs, @entity7782 , @entity7783 , and @entity21668 . Between 1992 and 1993 we treated 38 @entity1 suffering from @entity3085 due to advanced @entity5 of the head and neck with 160 mg @entity6303 per day for four months. The increase in body weight was significant after eight weeks. The mean increase after full therapy was 4.58 +/- 3.19 kg. Treatment of the five @entity1 in the series was very successful and all achieved their former body weight. @entity6303 therapy was best started after assuring enteral nutrition. Significant adverse events were loss of libido for the @entity1 , @entity10 and, rarely, @entity2268 . Our first experiences suggest that @entity6303 treatment is useful in cachectic @entity1 with advanced @entity957 of the head and neck.

title: [Value of @entity6303 in treatment of XXXX in head-neck tumors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity7782 :: ('MESH:D003533', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproheptadine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity7783 :: ('MESH:C029424', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrazine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['Megestrol acetate', 'megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity21668 :: ('MESH:D016114', 'Disease') :: ['anabolic steroids']

answer: @entity3085 :: (MESH:D002100,Disease) :: ['cachexia']


abstract: Mortality of 70% of all @entity1 with @entity5 in the head and neck is linked with @entity448 and @entity3085 . Two reasons for @entity3085 are well known: 1. @entity66 and local therapy preventing oral nutrition and 2. advanced @entity5 activating biochemical pathways of proteolysis, lipolysis, and gluconeogenesis. Five groups of substances are now used to treat @entity5 -induced @entity3085 : corticosteroids, progestational drugs, @entity7782 , @entity7783 , and @entity21668 . Between 1992 and 1993 we treated 38 @entity1 suffering from @entity3085 due to advanced @entity5 of the head and neck with 160 mg @entity6303 per day for four months. The increase in body weight was significant after eight weeks. The mean increase after full therapy was 4.58 +/- 3.19 kg. Treatment of the five @entity1 in the series was very successful and all achieved their former body weight. @entity6303 therapy was best started after assuring enteral nutrition. Significant adverse events were loss of libido for the @entity1 , @entity10 and, rarely, @entity2268 . Our first experiences suggest that @entity6303 treatment is useful in cachectic @entity1 with advanced @entity957 of the head and neck.

title: [Value of XXXX in treatment of @entity3085 in head-neck tumors].

answer: @entity6303 :: (MESH:D019290,Chemical) :: ['megestrol acetate']


abstract: @entity449 are a rare condition in @entity1 . Here we report the occurrence of @entity449 in 5 @entity1 with @entity17454 ( @entity17454 ). Three @entity1 had a @entity17454 score of 4, and 2 @entity1 had a @entity17454 score of 5, but autoimmunity was only present in 1 @entity1 . Discovery was fortuitous in 4 cases after chest radiography or thoracic or abdominal computed tomography, which was performed to investigate unrelated symptoms; in 1 @entity1 , @entity158 was an alerting sign. Age at diagnosis was 10 to 16 years. @entity439 were confined to the thoracic aorta in 4 cases and to the abdominal aorta in 1 case and were from 2 to 6 cm in size. Aortic surgery was successfully performed on the single symptomatic @entity1 . Two other @entity1 are alive: there has been a low progression of the @entity439 15 years after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 1 @entity1 and no evidence of progression after 12 years of follow-up without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the second @entity1 . Two @entity1 died 2 and 4 years after diagnosis from unrelated complications. A systematic retrospective search of 33 other @entity1 with @entity17454 for whom imaging material was available did not reveal the presence of @entity449 . This unusual frequency of @entity449 found in @entity1 with @entity17454 (5 of 38) indicates that @entity439 can be an underdiagnosed complication of @entity17454 . It is presently unclear whether it is caused by an infectious and/or autoimmune/inflammatory process. Therefore, we suggest that @entity439 of large vessels should be systematically searched for in @entity1 with @entity17454 .

title: Occurrence of XXXX in 5 cases of @entity17454 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms', 'Aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity17454 :: ('MESH:D014923', 'Disease') :: ['WAS', 'Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic pain']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: @entity449 are a rare condition in @entity1 . Here we report the occurrence of @entity449 in 5 @entity1 with @entity17454 ( @entity17454 ). Three @entity1 had a @entity17454 score of 4, and 2 @entity1 had a @entity17454 score of 5, but autoimmunity was only present in 1 @entity1 . Discovery was fortuitous in 4 cases after chest radiography or thoracic or abdominal computed tomography, which was performed to investigate unrelated symptoms; in 1 @entity1 , @entity158 was an alerting sign. Age at diagnosis was 10 to 16 years. @entity439 were confined to the thoracic aorta in 4 cases and to the abdominal aorta in 1 case and were from 2 to 6 cm in size. Aortic surgery was successfully performed on the single symptomatic @entity1 . Two other @entity1 are alive: there has been a low progression of the @entity439 15 years after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 1 @entity1 and no evidence of progression after 12 years of follow-up without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the second @entity1 . Two @entity1 died 2 and 4 years after diagnosis from unrelated complications. A systematic retrospective search of 33 other @entity1 with @entity17454 for whom imaging material was available did not reveal the presence of @entity449 . This unusual frequency of @entity449 found in @entity1 with @entity17454 (5 of 38) indicates that @entity439 can be an underdiagnosed complication of @entity17454 . It is presently unclear whether it is caused by an infectious and/or autoimmune/inflammatory process. Therefore, we suggest that @entity439 of large vessels should be systematically searched for in @entity1 with @entity17454 .

title: Occurrence of @entity449 in 5 cases of XXXX .

answer: @entity17454 :: (MESH:D014923,Disease) :: ['Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']


abstract: One of the major complications following @entity4942 ( @entity4942 ) is ascending infection. In this aspect the bacteria of the vaginal flora play a major part. Bacterial spectra of a group with @entity4942 and another control group with punctual rupture of the membranes are comparatively analysed. This analysis is based on swabs taken from vagina and newborns. Data are interpreted in correlation to clinical picture of @entity5870 and @entity281 ( @entity281 ). Twelve newborns clinical suspected to have a @entity281 are retrospectively judged. In the group with pregnant @entity1 with @entity4942 potential pathological germs such as group B streptococci and @entity526 are found more often, whereas physiological flora, specially Lactobacillus species, are clearly reduced. In newborns with @entity281 even germs can be detected, which so far have seemed to be more apathogenic, such as @entity8439 . Bacteriological findings are discussed in connection with clinical parameters, specially group B streptococci are looked at more precisely. In newborns with @entity281 microbiological results are demonstrated including course of pregnancy and delivery. For the management of @entity4942 alternatives are shown and advice for prophylaxis is given.

title: [Bacteriologic studies in premature rupture of fetal membranes and correlation with the clinical aspects of XXXX and the @entity281 ].

entities_list: @entity8439 :: ('2702', 'Species') :: ['Gardnerella vaginalis']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['amnion infection syndrome', 'neonatal infection', 'AIS']

entities_list: @entity4942 :: ('MESH:D005322', 'Disease') :: ['PROM', 'premature rupture of the membranes']

answer: @entity5870 :: (MESH:D002821,Disease) :: ['chorioamnionitis']


abstract: One of the major complications following @entity4942 ( @entity4942 ) is ascending infection. In this aspect the bacteria of the vaginal flora play a major part. Bacterial spectra of a group with @entity4942 and another control group with punctual rupture of the membranes are comparatively analysed. This analysis is based on swabs taken from vagina and newborns. Data are interpreted in correlation to clinical picture of @entity5870 and @entity281 ( @entity281 ). Twelve newborns clinical suspected to have a @entity281 are retrospectively judged. In the group with pregnant @entity1 with @entity4942 potential pathological germs such as group B streptococci and @entity526 are found more often, whereas physiological flora, specially Lactobacillus species, are clearly reduced. In newborns with @entity281 even germs can be detected, which so far have seemed to be more apathogenic, such as @entity8439 . Bacteriological findings are discussed in connection with clinical parameters, specially group B streptococci are looked at more precisely. In newborns with @entity281 microbiological results are demonstrated including course of pregnancy and delivery. For the management of @entity4942 alternatives are shown and advice for prophylaxis is given.

title: [Bacteriologic studies in premature rupture of fetal membranes and correlation with the clinical aspects of @entity5870 and the XXXX ].

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['amnion infection syndrome']


abstract: The pathogenesis of the vasodilatation associated with @entity1575 is not fully understood, but it has recently been postulated that it may be related to an increase in @entity842 production. The aim of this study was to compare the response of isolated aortic rings from normal and cirrhotic @entity35 to two vasoconstrictors, @entity2647 and @entity2872 , a @entity2871 analogue. @entity2835 was induced by ligation of the common bile duct; a sham operation was performed in control animals. Five weeks later, the aorta was removed and dissected into rings for study in organ chambers. Concentration-response curves were obtained for the two vasoconstrictors from rings with intact endothelium and from rings denuded of endothelium. We found that the vasoconstriction produced by @entity2647 was decreased in cirrhotic vessels both with and without endothelium, but the response to @entity2872 was not modified by @entity82 . Concentration-response curves for @entity2647 were also obtained from rings in which the synthesis of @entity842 and @entity2918 was inhibited by @entity7293 and @entity3352 , respectively. @entity842 synthase inhibition restored normal contractility of the rings with and without endothelium. This beneficial effect was not observed when cyclo-oxygenase activity was blocked with @entity3352 . This study suggests that cirrhotic vessels are hyporeactive to vasoconstrictors and that this effect is mediated through increased @entity842 production. The improvement observed after inhibition of the @entity842 pathway in denuded rings led us to suggest that @entity82 also induces @entity842 synthase in smooth muscle cells, as previously observed by others in septic animals.

title: The endothelial and non-endothelial mechanism responsible for attenuated vasoconstriction in cirrhotic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity5280 represent the most feared complications associated with vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy. In the present paper we show result of a prospective randomized clinical trial carried out to study different morbidities (F.M. febrile morbidity, U.T.I. urinary tract infections, P.C. @entity12945 , P.A. @entity5280 ) in a sample of 155 @entity1 undergoing vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy for non @entity5 , divided into three groups. group C, treated with 2 g @entity3398 i.v. in the preoperative period; group C+T, the same treatment with the addition of T tube suction drainage; group T, with only the T tube suction drainage. A statistical analysis of the sample showed the homogeneity of each group, while the study of the morbidities showed a statistical significant difference for W.I. between the groups treated with antibiotic and the T group (p less than .001). For all the other morbidities, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups, demonstrating that all three methods are considerably efficient in reducing postoperative morbidity in hysterectomy.

title: Cefoxitin single dose prophylaxis and/or T tube suction drainage for vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy (Prospective randomized trial on 155 XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity12945 :: ('MESH:D010249', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic infections', 'pelvic abscess, W.I. wound infection']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Most small bowel @entity1127 in @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) occur in the peri-ampullary region, and distal small bowel @entity652 and @entity189 are comparatively less common. As standard therapy in @entity1412 consists of proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal @entity254 , or @entity254 , it is essential to be aware of the potential for @entity6523 formation in the terminal ileum and rectum. Ileal @entity652 are found in 9-20% of @entity1 with @entity1412 , and new @entity1127 may develop after colectomy. @entity706 and @entity1127 are 2-4 times more common than @entity652 , may be indistinguishable from @entity652 on examination (requiring biopsy for diagnosis), and tend to regress after colectomy. @entity652 may arise in pouches, usually after an interval of several years, and have been documented to occur in the terminal ileum up to 25 years after colectomy. At pouch construction, rectal mucosectomy may theoretically fail to remove all mucosa at risk. Small islets of rectal mucosa may remain after this technically difficult operation, and the late development of @entity5 , up to 20 years postoperation has been noted. A stapled @entity254 may arguably have a better physiological result, but a greater amount of residual rectal mucosa may increase late @entity5 risk. Annual endoscopic follow-up of pouches is recommended. All @entity1127 or suspicious lesions should be biopsied, excised or destroyed, preserving a sample for histology. After @entity254 , @entity5 risk in the rectal stump increases with chronological age, with risk ranging from 5-10% at age 50 years, to 14-29% at age 60 years. Surveillance of the rectal stump in @entity1412 is recommended every 4-6 months. There may be a role for prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in some @entity1 .

title: Recurrent @entity1127 in the ileo-anal pouch or rectum in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Ileal lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis', 'ileorectal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyp']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'Adenomas']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']


abstract: Most small bowel @entity1127 in @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) occur in the peri-ampullary region, and distal small bowel @entity652 and @entity189 are comparatively less common. As standard therapy in @entity1412 consists of proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal @entity254 , or @entity254 , it is essential to be aware of the potential for @entity6523 formation in the terminal ileum and rectum. Ileal @entity652 are found in 9-20% of @entity1 with @entity1412 , and new @entity1127 may develop after colectomy. @entity706 and @entity1127 are 2-4 times more common than @entity652 , may be indistinguishable from @entity652 on examination (requiring biopsy for diagnosis), and tend to regress after colectomy. @entity652 may arise in pouches, usually after an interval of several years, and have been documented to occur in the terminal ileum up to 25 years after colectomy. At pouch construction, rectal mucosectomy may theoretically fail to remove all mucosa at risk. Small islets of rectal mucosa may remain after this technically difficult operation, and the late development of @entity5 , up to 20 years postoperation has been noted. A stapled @entity254 may arguably have a better physiological result, but a greater amount of residual rectal mucosa may increase late @entity5 risk. Annual endoscopic follow-up of pouches is recommended. All @entity1127 or suspicious lesions should be biopsied, excised or destroyed, preserving a sample for histology. After @entity254 , @entity5 risk in the rectal stump increases with chronological age, with risk ranging from 5-10% at age 50 years, to 14-29% at age 60 years. Surveillance of the rectal stump in @entity1412 is recommended every 4-6 months. There may be a role for prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in some @entity1 .

title: Recurrent XXXX in the ileo-anal pouch or rectum in @entity1412 .

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: It is well known that @entity1460 trypsin inhibitor exerts trophic effects on the exocrine pancreas, resulting in the @entity1184 of acinar cells. Some evidence also exists for @entity1373 in acinar tissue, the ductal epithelium and islet tissue. @entity35 maintained for 3 weeks on an oral administration of @entity1460 trypsin inhibitor (200 mg/50 ml drinking water) were compared with untreated animals. Significant changes were noted in treated animals (p less than 0.01). Trypsin inhibitor-treated @entity35 showed an increase in pancreatic weight (2.33 +/- 0.46 g). The volume ratio of acinar, islet and connective tissue as measured by the stereology point-count technique remained the same in both groups. Ductal tissue, however, exhibited an increase in volume ratio, 3.77 +/- 4.38% per 2714 micron2 area of tissue, in trypsin inhibitor-treated animals. All tissue components showed an increase in the experimental animals: acinar (125%), islet (144%), ductal (325%) and connective tissue (94%). Increased size of acinar cell nuclei, as measured by average cord length, 6.20 +/- 0.13 micron, and a decreased nuclear density of acinar cells, 28 +/- 4.74 per 150 micron2 area of tissue, indicated @entity1184 changes in these cells of the experimental animals. Using immunohistochemical localization and the point-count technique, a significant fraction of the total pancreatic volume in experimental animals was represented by ducts containing immunoreactive cells. The percent of volume ratio, 0.42 +/- 0.15% per 2714 micron2 area of tissue, was calculated for ducts containing insulin-immunoreactive cells within their epithelium.

title: Immunocytochemical localization of insulin-immunoreactive cells in the pancreatic ducts of XXXX treated with trypsin inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A novel formulation of @entity19459 concentrate, a plasma product used in the treatment of @entity1659 ( @entity1659 ), was studied in a clinical trial for similarity in pharmacokinetics (PK) compared with the reference product. Direct trial data were limited given the availability of @entity1 , and therefore a modeling approach was used to study similarity. Type I error of the study was evaluated using simulations based on retrospective data. A population PK modeling analysis was performed on data from the trial. Analysis of variance was carried out on results of a noncompartmental PK analysis (NCA) of the clinical data. Simulations showed that type I error was inflated to 62% (P < .05) when bioequivalence criteria (confidence intervals within 80%-125%) were adhered to strictly. In the clinical trial, 13 @entity1659 @entity1 were evaluable. The population PK analysis showed no significant differences in PK parameters, whereas confidence intervals for all parameters were within 80% to 125%. The relative differences in area under the curve, incremental recovery, and mean residence time estimated using NCA were all close to 1. The novel formulation showed similar PK characteristics to the original formulation. The model-based approach showed that strict criteria for PK comparison could not be applied in this analysis.

title: Model-based evaluation of similarity in pharmacokinetics of two formulations of the blood-derived plasma product XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary angioedema', 'HAE']

entities_list: @entity19459 :: ('710', 'Gene') :: ['C1 esterase inhibitor']

answer: @entity19459 :: (710,Gene) :: ['c1 esterase inhibitor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite a lack of evidence for survival benefit, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology has recommendations for referral to gynecologic oncologists for the treatment of @entity1204 . Therefore, we propose to determine the influence of gynecologic oncologists on the treatment and survival of @entity1 with @entity1204 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were obtained from Medicare and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) databases from 1988 to 2005. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard methods were used for analyses. RESULTS: Of 18,338 @entity1 , 21.4% received care from gynecologic oncologists (group A) while 78.6% were treated by others (group B). @entity1 in group A were older (age > 71 years: 49.6% v 44%; P < .001), had more lymph nodes (> 16) removed (22% v 17%; P < .001), presented with more advanced (stages III to IV) @entity5 (21.9% v 14.6%; P < .001), had higher-grade @entity5 (P < .001), and were more likely to receive chemotherapy for advanced disease (22.6% v 12.4%; P < .001). In those with stages II to IV disease, the 5-year @entity66 ( @entity66 ) of group A was 79% versus 73% in group B (P = .001). Moreover, in @entity5 , group A had 5-year @entity66 of 72% versus 64% in group B (P < .001). However, no association with @entity66 was identified in stage I @entity5 . On multivariable analysis, younger age, early stage, lower grade, and treatment by gynecologic oncologists were independent prognostic factors for improved survival. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1204 treated by gynecologic oncologists were more likely to undergo staging surgery and receive adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced disease. Care provided by gynecologic oncologists improved the survival of those with high-risk @entity5 .

title: Influence of gynecologic oncologists on the survival of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'advanced-stage (III to IV) disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite a lack of evidence for survival benefit, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology has recommendations for referral to gynecologic oncologists for the treatment of @entity1204 . Therefore, we propose to determine the influence of gynecologic oncologists on the treatment and survival of @entity1 with @entity1204 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were obtained from Medicare and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) databases from 1988 to 2005. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard methods were used for analyses. RESULTS: Of 18,338 @entity1 , 21.4% received care from gynecologic oncologists (group A) while 78.6% were treated by others (group B). @entity1 in group A were older (age > 71 years: 49.6% v 44%; P < .001), had more lymph nodes (> 16) removed (22% v 17%; P < .001), presented with more advanced (stages III to IV) @entity5 (21.9% v 14.6%; P < .001), had higher-grade @entity5 (P < .001), and were more likely to receive chemotherapy for advanced disease (22.6% v 12.4%; P < .001). In those with stages II to IV disease, the 5-year @entity66 ( @entity66 ) of group A was 79% versus 73% in group B (P = .001). Moreover, in @entity5 , group A had 5-year @entity66 of 72% versus 64% in group B (P < .001). However, no association with @entity66 was identified in stage I @entity5 . On multivariable analysis, younger age, early stage, lower grade, and treatment by gynecologic oncologists were independent prognostic factors for improved survival. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1204 treated by gynecologic oncologists were more likely to undergo staging surgery and receive adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced disease. Care provided by gynecologic oncologists improved the survival of those with high-risk @entity5 .

title: Influence of gynecologic oncologists on the survival of XXXX with @entity1204 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the need for palliative care in hospital @entity1 who have @entity5 . Palliative care is an @entity5 care and identification of palliative care needs (PCNs) of @entity1 with @entity5 is a topic that has not been thoroughly studied. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were collected prospectively from inpatients of University Medical Center Freiburg in Freiburg, Germany, with 982 hospital beds included in the study. During the observation period of 17 months, each @entity1 discharged from a hospital ward was screened by surveying the treating physician who was responsible for dismissal about @entity1 ' PCNs based on the WHO 1990 definition of palliative care. To complete obligatory electronic discharge management, a modified dismissal form asking to classify the @entity1 as having @entity22097 "yes/no" had to be filled out for each @entity1 discharged. RESULTS: The response rate was 96% with data for 39,849 @entity1 that could be analyzed. A total of 6.9% of all hospital @entity1 and 9.1% of @entity1 older than age 65 years were considered to have PCNs. Of the 2,757 @entity1 with PCNs, 67% (n = 1,836) had @entity5 . Among the 11,584 @entity1 with @entity5 , 15.8% were classified as having PCNs. PCNs were particularly high in @entity1 with @entity135 (28.3%), @entity320 (26.0%), and @entity1313 (18.2%). Suffering from @entity5 increases the probability of developing PCNs by a factor of 3.63 (95% CI, 3.27 to 4.04). For @entity1 with @entity5 , the risk of developing PCNs is increased 12-fold (odds ratio, 12.27; 95% CI, 11.07 to 13.60). CONCLUSION: Structures to provide palliative care for @entity1 with @entity5 are needed.

title: XXXX care: an epidemiologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['essential component of comprehensive cancer', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Palliative cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microvascular disease of the kidney (manifesting as @entity633 ) and of the brain (manifesting as @entity73 ) may share a common pathogenesis. Gaining an understanding of the concomitant history of these 2 conditions may inform clinical practice and lead to novel prevention and treatment approaches. METHODS: A total of 28 384 @entity1 with @entity455 or @entity6 were examined. At baseline and year 5, @entity1 underwent a @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) and urine testing for albumin excretion. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between albumin excretion and @entity1032 score, cross-sectionally and prospectively, and whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and/or angiotensin receptor blocker use modified the association. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 with normoalbuminuria, those with microalbuminuria (odds ratio [OR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.44]) and macroalbuminuria (1.49; 1.20-1.85) were more likely to have a reduced @entity1032 score (<24). On follow-up, @entity1 with baseline @entity633 had increased odds of @entity73 (decrease in @entity1032 score >= 3 points) compared with those with normoalbuminuria (microalbuminuria: OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07-1.38; macroalbuminuria: 1.21; 0.94-1.55). @entity1 who developed new @entity633 had increased odds of @entity73 during follow-up compared with those who remained normoalbuminuric (new microalbuminuria: OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12-1.52; new macroalbuminuria: 1.77; 1.24-2.54). @entity1 with baseline macroalbuminuria treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and/or angiotensin receptor blocker had lower odds of @entity1032 decline than @entity1 treated with placebo. CONCLUSION: Factors that contribute to @entity633 may contribute to @entity73 , supporting the notion that both conditions share a common microvascular pathogenesis. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00153101.

title: XXXX and decline in cognitive function: The ONTARGET/TRANSCEND studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini-Mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['Albuminuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16246 crosslinks intermediate filaments to their targets in different tissues. Defects in @entity16246 cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS), @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ), and sometimes pyloric @entity1146 . Association of EBS with a @entity8491 ( @entity8491 ) was documented in a single @entity1 in 1999. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical, structural, and genetic aspects of a second and fatal case of EBS associated with a @entity8491 and search for the genetic basis of the disease in a previously reported @entity1 with @entity65847 . METHODS: Clinical observations; histochemical, immunocytochemical, and electron microscopy studies of skeletal muscle and neuromuscular junction; and mutation analysis. RESULTS: An African American @entity1 had EBS since early infancy, and progressive @entity425 , @entity34793 , and myasthenic symptoms refractory to therapy since age 3 years. Eventually he became motionless and died at age 42 years. At age 15 years, he had a marked EMG decrement, and a reduced miniature endplate potential amplitude. The @entity121 was associated with dislocated muscle fiber organelles, structurally abnormal nuclei, focal @entity154 , and focal @entity460 ingress into muscle fibers. The neuromuscular junctions showed destruction of the junctional folds, and remodeling. Mutation analysis demonstrated a known @entity73172 and a novel @entity73173 mutation in @entity16246 . The @entity65847 @entity1 reported in 1999 also carried @entity73173 and a novel @entity73174 mutation. The novel mutations were absent in 200 Caucasian and 100 African American subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity8491 in plectinopathy is attributed to destruction of the junctional folds and the @entity121 to defective anchoring of muscle fiber organelles and defects in sarcolemmal integrity.

title: XXXX caused by plectinopathy.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['plasmalemmal defects']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity34793 :: ('OMIM:123320', 'Disease') :: ['hyperCKemia']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic syndrome', 'MyS']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity8491 :: (MESH:D020294,Disease) :: ['Myasthenic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are currently no effective treatments to halt the muscle breakdown in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ), although genetic-based clinical trials are being piloted. Most of these trials have as an endpoint the restoration of dystrophin in muscle fibers, hence requiring sufficiently well-preserved muscle of recruited @entity1 . The choice of the muscles to be studied and the role of noninvasive methods to assess muscle preservation therefore require further evaluation. METHODS: We studied the degree of @entity121 in the lower leg muscles of 34 @entity1 with @entity1555 >8 years, using muscle MRI. In a subgroup of 15 @entity1 we correlated the muscle MRI findings with the histology of open extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) muscle biopsies. Muscle MRI involvement was assigned using a scale 0-4 (normal-severe). RESULTS: In all @entity1 we documented a gradient of involvement of the lower leg muscles: the posterior compartment (gastrocnemius > soleus) was most severely affected; the anterior compartment (tibialis anterior/posterior, popliteus, extensor digitorum longus) least affected. Muscle MRI showed EDB involvement that correlated with the @entity1 's age (p = 0.055). We show a correlation between the MRI and EDB histopathologic changes, with MRI 3-4 grades associated with a more severe fibro-adipose tissue replacement. The EDB was sufficiently preserved for bulk and signal intensity in 18/22 wheelchair users aged 10-16.6 years. CONCLUSION: This study provides a detailed correlation between muscle histology and MRI changes in @entity1555 and demonstrates the value of this imaging technique as a reliable tool for the selection of muscles in @entity1 recruited into clinical trials.

title: Muscle histology vs MRI in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle involvement']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity242 of the uterus are uncommon, @entity1822 being the most frequent. Most uterine @entity242 arise de novo, with malignant transformation of a benign @entity361 being a very rare event, and is reported only in leiomyomata. DESIGN: The clinicopathologic features of 3 uterine @entity1821 arising in association with a lipoleiomyoma were studied. Immunohistochemistry for @entity2283 , h-caldesmon, @entity4483 , and @entity7465 , and fluorescence in situ hybridization for the t(12;16) (q13;p11) were performed in all cases. RESULT: @entity1 ranged in age from 49 to 70 (mean, 59) years. The @entity5 were centered in the myometrium, ranged in size from 10 to 18.5 cm, and showed a gelatinous cut surface with foci of @entity39 . On microscopic examination, the @entity5 had well-circumscribed pushing margins. One @entity5 was uniformly hypocellular with a prominent myxoid background, and a striking delicate vascular network. Another @entity5 showed alternating hypocellular (myxoid) and hypercellular areas, whereas the third @entity5 was uniformly hypercellular with a hyalinized background. In the myxoid areas, the cells were small and spindle with oval nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli. In the hypercellular areas, the cells were pleomorphic with large, hyperchromatic nuclei. Mitotic activity ranged from <3 to 7/10 high-power fields. Lipoblasts were present in all @entity5 but were more common in the hypercellular areas. Two @entity5 merged imperceptibly with a lipoleiomyoma (1 typical and 1 with bizarre nuclei), whereas the third @entity5 showed an infarcted area composed of ghost mature adipocytes admixed with hyalinized smooth muscle most consistent with an infarcted lipoleiomyoma. @entity5 were classified as myxoid, mixed myxoid and pleomorphic, and @entity1821 , respectively. The benign and malignant adipose components were positive for @entity4483 , whereas the benign smooth muscle component stained for @entity2283 and h-caldesmon. @entity7465 immunostain was positive in the 2 cases with a @entity1821 component. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was successfully completed in only 1 of 3 @entity5 (pure @entity1821 ), which failed to show the @entity3519 . The @entity1 are alive and well 1, 2, and 20 years after initial surgery with no adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity1821 of the uterus are extremely rare and are most likely to arise from malignant transformation of a lipoleiomyoma. These @entity5 should be added to the differential diagnosis of @entity5 , @entity361 , and malignant mixed @entity5 (if pleomorphic) of the uterus.

title: XXXX arising in uterine lipoleiomyoma: a report of 3 cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['t(12;16) and HMAG2 amplification']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'M  llerian tumors', 'benign lipomatous tumors', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid mesenchymal tumors', 'mesenchymal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas', 'pleomorphic liposarcoma']

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['Liposarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thoracoscopic laser pneumoplasty in the treatment of @entity2415 by means of a contact neodymium:yttrium- @entity3775 garnet laser was evaluated by a retrospective analysis of the first consecutive 500 procedures in 443 @entity1 . The indication for thoracoscopic laser pneumoplasty was intractable @entity1353 . METHODS: Advanced age (mean age, 67 years), high @entity26 dependency (70%), @entity134 use (46%), and markedly diminished physical capacity (2% bedridden and 27% wheelchair-bound) were noted. Thoracoscopic laser pneumoplasty was carried out under general anesthesia and one-lung ventilation. Type 3 @entity4530 (381 procedures) were contracted by contact neodymium:yttrium- @entity3775 garnet laser and type 4 @entity4530 (199 procedures) excised. The operative mortality rate was 4.8%. RESULTS: Subjective improvement was reported by 87% of the @entity1 . Follow-up functional evaluation was available in 229 @entity1 , which showed highly significant improvement. A comparison of preoperative and postoperative functional tests between type 3 and 4 @entity4530 @entity1 showed no significant difference, except the latter had higher decrease in airway resistance, residual volume, and total lung capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic laser pneumoplasty is an effective treatment for both type 3 and 4 @entity2415 with an acceptable risk.

title: Thoracoscopic laser pneumoplasty in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['bullous emphysema', 'diffuse bullous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['diffuse bullous emphysema']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the feasibility and results of segmentectomy for curative resection of @entity157 and to compare the clinicopathological findings of the @entity1 according to the @entity5 location in the liver. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: A tertiary care center. @entity1 : Seventy-five @entity1 with @entity1 's grade A or B liver function who had @entity157 that was confined to one segment and who underwent segmentectomy for curative resection of the @entity5 . The @entity1 were divided into four groups: group P (posterior segmentectomy, n = 23); group A (anterior segmentectomy, n = 10); group M (medial segmentectomy, n = 16); and group L (lateral segmentectomy, n = 26). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Disease-free survival rate. RESULTS: Seventy-three percent of the @entity1 had @entity1575 . The surgical mortality and morbidity rates were 5.3% and 36.0%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 61.9%, 39.1%, and 26.3%, respectively, and were not significantly different among the four groups (P = .86). Group L had the least operative @entity190 and shortest operative time when compared with the other three groups (P < .05). The postoperative liver function changes were mild and transient in the four groups of @entity1 . With regard to pathological factors, only @entity5 size differed among the groups ( @entity5 in group L were significantly larger than those in the other three groups, P < .05). Forty-three percent of the recurrent @entity5 were solitary in the early stage, with 81% involving the segment(s) adjacent to the resected one and 57% being confined solely to the segment adjacent to the resected segment. @entity1 having recurrent @entity157 had significantly larger @entity5 at the time of resection than did those without recurrence (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic segmentectomy is an effective therapeutic approach for @entity157 and can be done safely even in @entity1 with @entity409 and @entity409 .

title: Hepatic segmentectomy for curative resection of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'impaired liver function']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['small hepatocellular carcinomas', 'hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Two ongoing selective breeding projects have produced @entity19 that display divergent analgesic responses to @entity1286 . These two projects have selected for similar phenotypes: high and low @entity14887 @entity1337 (HAR/ @entity63747 lines; Portland, OR) and high and low swim stress-induced @entity1337 (HA/LA lines; Jastrzebiec, Poland). Evidence suggests genetic commonalities between @entity19 of the two projects. Using a Mendelian breeding protocol, we have recently found that one or two genetic loci predominantly determine the high @entity1286 @entity1337 exhibited by HA @entity19 . In the present study we demonstrate that the differential @entity1286 @entity1337 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) displayed by HAR and @entity63747 @entity19 is similarly oligogenic, predominantly determined by two unlinked loci. A complementation analysis, in which the analgesic responses to @entity1286 of the recessive homozygotes of each project (HAR and HA) were compared to those of their hybrid offspring (HAR x HA), revealed that different genetic loci have been fixed in each project. An intriguing bimodal distribution was observed in the HAR x HA population: Some HAR x HA hybrids displayed greater @entity1286 @entity1337 than either HAR or HA @entity19 , whereas others displayed minimal @entity1337 . @entity63747 x LA hybrids displayed less @entity1337 than either @entity63747 or LA @entity19 . The analgesic responses of HAR x LA and @entity63747 x HA @entity19 were comparable to those of their low-line parents. These findings indicate not only that different loci were responsible for producing high @entity1286 responders in each selection project but that these distinct loci can interact synergistically to produce "superhigh" and "superlow" responders.

title: Oligogenic determination of XXXX analgesic magnitude: a genetic analysis of selectively bred @entity19 lines.

entities_list: @entity14887 :: ('MESH:D007981', 'Chemical') :: ['levorphanol']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: Two ongoing selective breeding projects have produced @entity19 that display divergent analgesic responses to @entity1286 . These two projects have selected for similar phenotypes: high and low @entity14887 @entity1337 (HAR/ @entity63747 lines; Portland, OR) and high and low swim stress-induced @entity1337 (HA/LA lines; Jastrzebiec, Poland). Evidence suggests genetic commonalities between @entity19 of the two projects. Using a Mendelian breeding protocol, we have recently found that one or two genetic loci predominantly determine the high @entity1286 @entity1337 exhibited by HA @entity19 . In the present study we demonstrate that the differential @entity1286 @entity1337 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) displayed by HAR and @entity63747 @entity19 is similarly oligogenic, predominantly determined by two unlinked loci. A complementation analysis, in which the analgesic responses to @entity1286 of the recessive homozygotes of each project (HAR and HA) were compared to those of their hybrid offspring (HAR x HA), revealed that different genetic loci have been fixed in each project. An intriguing bimodal distribution was observed in the HAR x HA population: Some HAR x HA hybrids displayed greater @entity1286 @entity1337 than either HAR or HA @entity19 , whereas others displayed minimal @entity1337 . @entity63747 x LA hybrids displayed less @entity1337 than either @entity63747 or LA @entity19 . The analgesic responses of HAR x LA and @entity63747 x HA @entity19 were comparable to those of their low-line parents. These findings indicate not only that different loci were responsible for producing high @entity1286 responders in each selection project but that these distinct loci can interact synergistically to produce "superhigh" and "superlow" responders.

title: Oligogenic determination of @entity1286 analgesic magnitude: a genetic analysis of selectively bred XXXX lines.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the area under the pressure wave averaged over the cardiac cycle, and therefore depends on pressure wave contour. A generally used rule of thumb to estimate MAP of peripheral arteries in adults is adding one-third of the arterial pulse pressure (PP) to diastolic arterial pressure ( @entity6136 ). As peripheral pressure wave forms in neonates do not resemble adult peripheral wave forms, it may be expected that this rule of thumb does not hold for neonates. Previously, we found that MAP can be calculated by adding 50% PP to @entity6136 in radial artery waves in neonates. In the present study, we investigated in neonates how MAP in the posterior tibial artery depends on systolic and diastolic pressure and we compared these findings to those found in the radial artery. Forty @entity1 admitted for intensive care were studied. We analyzed 5000 invasively and accurately obtained blood pressure waves in the posterior tibial artery of 20 neonates and another 5000 waves similarly obtained from the radial artery in another group of 20 neonates. We found that MAP in posterior tibial artery waves is well approximated by adding 41.5 +/- 2.0% of PP to @entity6136 , whereas MAP in radial artery waves can be calculated by adding 46.7 +/- 1.7% of PP to @entity6136 . These values are significantly different (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the rule of thumb as used in the adult to find MAP, where 33% PP is added to @entity6136 , does not hold for the newborn. We recommend to calculate MAP in the tibial artery by adding 40% of PP to @entity6136 and in the radial artery by adding 50% of PP to @entity6136 .

title: Calculated mean arterial pressure in the posterior tibial and radial artery pressure wave in newborn XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: The transferability of a British data base for differential diagnosis of @entity2210 using data obtained by computer interrogation was tested in 467 Swedish @entity1 . The diagnostic value for @entity10189 of symptoms such as frequent night @entity158 relieved by food or antacids, smoking, family history of @entity1066 , food @entity158 , male sex, and @entity158 was shown to be reproducible. However, for a number of symptoms their value for the diagnosis of @entity10189 could not be reproduced in Swedish @entity1 . The combined value of indicants was tested using a computer based algorithm for calculating diagnostic probabilities. The performance of this algorithm was poor when British data were applied to Swedish @entity1 but reclassification of the Swedish @entity1 on their own data base showed promising results. Crean and colleagues in Glasgow have developed a computer system for automated interrogation of @entity1 with @entity2210 . The system utilises a large number of questions to obtain information regarding a maximum of 160 diagnostic indicants. The symptoms elicited from a @entity1 can be compared with those of a large number of previously examined @entity1 and the probabilities of ten different diagnoses can be calculated. The calculation of diagnostic probabilities is based on scores reflecting the diagnostic value of different symptoms in different diseases. After careful translation of questions the system has been transferred for use in Sweden. The present report is based on data from @entity1 seen during the first two years with the system at a Swedish hospital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transferability of a computer system for medical history taking and decision support in @entity2210 . A comparison of indicants for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['episodic pain', 'pain', 'relief pain']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['peptic ulcer disease']


abstract: The transferability of a British data base for differential diagnosis of @entity2210 using data obtained by computer interrogation was tested in 467 Swedish @entity1 . The diagnostic value for @entity10189 of symptoms such as frequent night @entity158 relieved by food or antacids, smoking, family history of @entity1066 , food @entity158 , male sex, and @entity158 was shown to be reproducible. However, for a number of symptoms their value for the diagnosis of @entity10189 could not be reproduced in Swedish @entity1 . The combined value of indicants was tested using a computer based algorithm for calculating diagnostic probabilities. The performance of this algorithm was poor when British data were applied to Swedish @entity1 but reclassification of the Swedish @entity1 on their own data base showed promising results. Crean and colleagues in Glasgow have developed a computer system for automated interrogation of @entity1 with @entity2210 . The system utilises a large number of questions to obtain information regarding a maximum of 160 diagnostic indicants. The symptoms elicited from a @entity1 can be compared with those of a large number of previously examined @entity1 and the probabilities of ten different diagnoses can be calculated. The calculation of diagnostic probabilities is based on scores reflecting the diagnostic value of different symptoms in different diseases. After careful translation of questions the system has been transferred for use in Sweden. The present report is based on data from @entity1 seen during the first two years with the system at a Swedish hospital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transferability of a computer system for medical history taking and decision support in XXXX . A comparison of indicants for @entity10189 .

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']