abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity3657 are at risk for @entity63 and amputation. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products is increased and predictive for coronary and cerebrovascular events in several high cardiovascular risk groups. We hypothesized that accumulation of tissue advanced glycation end products, measured by @entity272 ( @entity272 ), predicts amputation in @entity1 with @entity3657 . APPROACH AND RESULTS: Between October 2007 and June 2008, 252 @entity1 with @entity3657 were included at the outpatient clinic. During a 5-year follow-up, 22 (9%) had an amputation because of @entity63 . Competing risk analysis showed a subproportional hazard ratio of 3.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87-4.96); P<0.0001 for amputation per unit of @entity272 . After correction for @entity6 and Fontaine stage, subproportional hazard ratio was 2.72 (95% CI, 1.38-5.39); P=0.004. In @entity1 with Fontaine stage I and II only (n=215), @entity272 was the only predictor for amputation, subproportional hazard ratio, 4.05 (95% CI, 2.09-7.83); P<0.0001. Fontaine stage multiplied by @entity272 resulted in a significant increase of the area under the curve for prediction of amputation when compared with Fontaine stage only: area under the curve increased from 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63-0.86) to 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.92); P=0.003. CONCLUSIONS: Skin autofluorescence, as a measure of tissue advanced glycation end products deposition, predicts amputation in @entity1 with @entity3657 during a 5-year follow-up, independent from the presence of @entity6 and Fontaine stage. Even at lower Fontaine stage (I or II), @entity272 is a strong predictor of amputation. The multiplication of Fontaine stage by @entity272 results in a good prediction model of amputation.

title: Skin Autofluorescence as a Measure of Advanced Glycation End Products Deposition Predicts 5-Year Amputation in XXXX With @entity3657 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The aim of our study was to highlight the epidemiological difference in adult @entity944 between males and females. The type of pathologies found in adult victims of @entity944 was compared to control cases in order to determine the most significant pathologies involved in @entity944 . Among all autopsies performed between 1995 and 2009, 534 adult cases of @entity944 and 154 cases who violently died were respectively selected. For each case, a complete autopsy was carried out, including systematic histological examination of all major organs. The @entity944 was composed of 369 males and 165 females. There was no statistical difference regarding age between males and female. @entity944 took place more often at home in @entity1 than in @entity1 (p  <  0.0001). A stressful event was more frequently found in @entity1 than in @entity1 (p  =  0.03). @entity204 caused by @entity65 were more frequent in males than in females, especially @entity453 ( @entity453 ) (p  <  0.0001). @entity296 was more often the cause of @entity204 in @entity1 , particularly @entity1001 ( @entity1001 ). Cardiac pathologies were found in 45% of the control cases. @entity453 and @entity1001 were statistically more frequent in the @entity944 group than in the control group. According to our study, profile of @entity944 is different between males and females. Those data seem to be important for clinicians involved in prevention programs of @entity944 , as they can adapt their screening according to the gender.

title: Sudden adult XXXX : An autopsy series of 534 cases with gender and control comparison.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death population', 'sudden death', 'Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['ARVC', 'Arrythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'Coronary Artery Disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early childhood environmental exposures, possibly @entity281 , may be responsible for triggering islet autoimmunity and progression to @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). The Environmental Determinants of @entity6 in the Young (TEDDY) follows @entity1 with increased HLA-related genetic risk for future @entity1723 . TEDDY asks parents to prospectively record the @entity1 's @entity281 using a diary book. The present paper shows how these large amounts of partially structured data were reduced into quantitative data-sets and further categorized into system-specific @entity166 . The numbers and frequencies of @entity697 and @entity166 episodes are shown. METHODS: Study subjects (n   =   3463) included @entity1 who had attended study visits every three months from age 3  months to 4  years, without missing two or more consecutive visits during the follow-up. Parents recorded illnesses prospectively in a TEDDY Book at home. The data were entered into the study database during study visits using ICD-10 codes by a research nurse. TEDDY investigators grouped ICD-10 codes and fever reports into @entity166 entities and further arranged them into four main categories of @entity166 episodes: respiratory, gastrointestinal, other, and unknown febrile episodes. Incidence rate of @entity281 was modeled as function of gender, HLA-DQ genetic risk group and study center using the Poisson regression. RESULTS: A total of 113,884 ICD-10 code reports for @entity166 recorded in the database were reduced to 71,578 @entity166 episodes, including 74.0% respiratory, 13.1% gastrointestinal, 5.7% other @entity166 episodes and 7.2% febrile episodes. Respiratory and @entity344 episodes were more frequent during winter. @entity166 peaked at 6  months and began declining after 18  months of age. The overall @entity166 episode rate was 5.2 episodes per @entity1 -year and varied significantly by country of residence, sex and HLA genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The data reduction and categorization process developed by TEDDY enables analysis of single @entity166 agents as well as larger arrays of @entity166 agents or clinical disease entities. The preliminary descriptive analyses of the incidence of @entity281 among TEDDY @entity1 younger than 4  years fits well with general knowledge of @entity166 . This protocol can be used as a template in forthcoming time-dependent TEDDY analyses and in other epidemiological studies.

title: A method for reporting and classifying XXXX in a prospective study of young @entity1 : TEDDY.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infections']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal infectious']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases', 'Infectious episode rates', 'infectious disease episodes', 'infectious disease epidemiology', 'infectious', 'infectious disease']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute infectious diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early childhood environmental exposures, possibly @entity281 , may be responsible for triggering islet autoimmunity and progression to @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). The Environmental Determinants of @entity6 in the Young (TEDDY) follows @entity1 with increased HLA-related genetic risk for future @entity1723 . TEDDY asks parents to prospectively record the @entity1 's @entity281 using a diary book. The present paper shows how these large amounts of partially structured data were reduced into quantitative data-sets and further categorized into system-specific @entity166 . The numbers and frequencies of @entity697 and @entity166 episodes are shown. METHODS: Study subjects (n   =   3463) included @entity1 who had attended study visits every three months from age 3  months to 4  years, without missing two or more consecutive visits during the follow-up. Parents recorded illnesses prospectively in a TEDDY Book at home. The data were entered into the study database during study visits using ICD-10 codes by a research nurse. TEDDY investigators grouped ICD-10 codes and fever reports into @entity166 entities and further arranged them into four main categories of @entity166 episodes: respiratory, gastrointestinal, other, and unknown febrile episodes. Incidence rate of @entity281 was modeled as function of gender, HLA-DQ genetic risk group and study center using the Poisson regression. RESULTS: A total of 113,884 ICD-10 code reports for @entity166 recorded in the database were reduced to 71,578 @entity166 episodes, including 74.0% respiratory, 13.1% gastrointestinal, 5.7% other @entity166 episodes and 7.2% febrile episodes. Respiratory and @entity344 episodes were more frequent during winter. @entity166 peaked at 6  months and began declining after 18  months of age. The overall @entity166 episode rate was 5.2 episodes per @entity1 -year and varied significantly by country of residence, sex and HLA genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The data reduction and categorization process developed by TEDDY enables analysis of single @entity166 agents as well as larger arrays of @entity166 agents or clinical disease entities. The preliminary descriptive analyses of the incidence of @entity281 among TEDDY @entity1 younger than 4  years fits well with general knowledge of @entity166 . This protocol can be used as a template in forthcoming time-dependent TEDDY analyses and in other epidemiological studies.

title: A method for reporting and classifying @entity697 in a prospective study of young XXXX : TEDDY.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report a thicker choroid and larger choroidal luminal area in an eye with @entity40271 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating an increase in the @entity3193 in a case of @entity40271 . In addition, we report the changing appearance of @entity2479 over a 16-year period. CASE PRESENTATION: A 27-year-old @entity1 , who was diagnosed with @entity40271 at age 11  years, visited our clinic. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/12.5 in the right eye and light perception in the left eye. Severely dilated, tortuous vascular loops were distributed from the optic disc over all four quadrants of the left fundus. The vascular loops in some areas were more dilated and tortuous than 16  years earlier. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed @entity1829 with @entity3193 in the left eye. The subfoveal choroidal thickness was manually measured by the caliper function in the enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT) images. Binarization of the EDI-OCT images was performed with publicly accessible ImageJ software. The examined area of the subfoveal choroid was 1,500   m wide, and the dark areas representing the luminal areas were traced by the Niblack method. After determining the distance of each pixel, the luminal area was automatically calculated. The subfoveal choroidal thickness was 250   m in the right eye and 462   m in the left eye. The luminal area of the 1,500- m-wide subfoveal choroid was computed to be 307,165.6   m(2) in the right eye and 545,780.7   m(2) in the left eye. CONCLUSIONS: The EDI-OCT images showed a thicker choroid, and binarization of the EDI-OCT images showed that the luminal areas were significantly larger in the affected eye, suggesting a dilatation of the choroidal vessels. The results demonstrated that conversion of EDI-OCT images to binary images was a useful method to quantify the @entity3193 .

title: Binarization of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomographic images of an eye with XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity40271 :: ('MESH:C536752', 'Disease') :: ['Wyburn-Mason syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['retinal edema']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal thickness and the luminal area', 'cystic changes and enlarged choroidal vessel lumens', 'choroidal structure']

answer: @entity40271 :: (MESH:C536752,Disease) :: ['Wyburn-Mason syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) is a highly aggressive @entity5 of skin with neuroendocrine differentiation. Primary @entity3852 of the oral mucosa is exceedingly rare and even more unresponsive to therapy. A 15-year-old male presents with gradually increasing @entity4 in right side of the @entity2133 for 6 weeks. Computed tomography of head and neck region showed globular mass (4.6 cm * 1.7 cm) involving right side of the @entity2133 . Fine-needle aspiration from the upper deep cervical node suggested small round cell @entity5 . A trucut biopsy showed mass composed of trabeculae and nests of @entity5 cells with high N:C ratio, granular speckled chromatin, scanty to moderate amount of clear vacuolated cytoplasm. Cells were immunoreactive for @entity2225 , @entity2940 , @entity2467 , @entity3778 and negative for @entity4206 , @entity7457 , @entity6628 , @entity5473 , @entity3508 . @entity1 was started on chemotherapy with @entity786 , @entity632 and @entity1891 . The mass regressed in size and @entity1 underwent wide local excision with pull-through approach. @entity1 is currently under combined chemoradiation regime and doing well.

title: XXXX of the oral mucosa in a young adult male: Report of a rare case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma', 'MCC']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['painless swelling']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['floor of mouth']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid-transcription factor-1']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Primary Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dexamethasone intravitreal implant ( @entity9170 implant) is a sustained-release biodegradable implant approved for treatment of @entity1103 associated with @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ). The safety and efficacy of treatment of @entity2994 -associated @entity1103 with sequential @entity9170 implants in clinical practice was evaluated in @entity1 who received @entity9170 implant as monotherapy compared with @entity1 who received @entity9170 implant in combination with other @entity2994 treatments. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective, open-label chart review study (one study eye/ @entity1 ) evaluated use of @entity9170 implant and outcomes in 289 @entity1 with branch or central @entity2994 who received at least 2 @entity9170 implant treatments in the study eye. Data were collected from the time of the first implant (baseline) to 3-6 months after the last implant. Subgroup analysis evaluated outcomes in @entity1 receiving only @entity9170 implant during the study versus @entity1 receiving @entity9170 implant plus adjunctive @entity2994 treatments. Endpoints included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) change from baseline. RESULTS: @entity9170 implant was used as monotherapy in 84 (29.1%) @entity1 and in combination with other therapy in 205 (70.9%) @entity1 . Mean number of @entity9170 implant treatments received was 3.1 in the monotherapy group and 3.3 in the combination therapy group (P   =   0.344). Mean time between implants was longer in the combination therapy group (177 vs. 151  days, P   <   0.001). Mean change from baseline BCVA after the first through sixth @entity9170 implants ranged from +0.6 to +3.4 lines in the monotherapy group and +1.3 to +2.8 lines in the combination therapy group. Mean decrease from baseline CRT ranged from 165 to 230   m in the monotherapy group and 136 to 175   m in the combination therapy group. @entity2790 was more common in the combination therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity2994 -associated @entity1103 with at least 2 sequential @entity9170 implants was safe and effective both when used alone and when combined with other @entity2994 treatments. Improvements in BCVA and CRT were generally similar in the monotherapy and combined therapy groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01411696 .

title: Two or more dexamethasone intravitreal implants as monotherapy or in combination therapy for XXXX in @entity2994 : subgroup analysis of a retrospective chart review study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion', 'RVO']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Increased intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['macular edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dexamethasone intravitreal implant ( @entity9170 implant) is a sustained-release biodegradable implant approved for treatment of @entity1103 associated with @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ). The safety and efficacy of treatment of @entity2994 -associated @entity1103 with sequential @entity9170 implants in clinical practice was evaluated in @entity1 who received @entity9170 implant as monotherapy compared with @entity1 who received @entity9170 implant in combination with other @entity2994 treatments. METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective, open-label chart review study (one study eye/ @entity1 ) evaluated use of @entity9170 implant and outcomes in 289 @entity1 with branch or central @entity2994 who received at least 2 @entity9170 implant treatments in the study eye. Data were collected from the time of the first implant (baseline) to 3-6 months after the last implant. Subgroup analysis evaluated outcomes in @entity1 receiving only @entity9170 implant during the study versus @entity1 receiving @entity9170 implant plus adjunctive @entity2994 treatments. Endpoints included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) change from baseline. RESULTS: @entity9170 implant was used as monotherapy in 84 (29.1%) @entity1 and in combination with other therapy in 205 (70.9%) @entity1 . Mean number of @entity9170 implant treatments received was 3.1 in the monotherapy group and 3.3 in the combination therapy group (P   =   0.344). Mean time between implants was longer in the combination therapy group (177 vs. 151  days, P   <   0.001). Mean change from baseline BCVA after the first through sixth @entity9170 implants ranged from +0.6 to +3.4 lines in the monotherapy group and +1.3 to +2.8 lines in the combination therapy group. Mean decrease from baseline CRT ranged from 165 to 230   m in the monotherapy group and 136 to 175   m in the combination therapy group. @entity2790 was more common in the combination therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity2994 -associated @entity1103 with at least 2 sequential @entity9170 implants was safe and effective both when used alone and when combined with other @entity2994 treatments. Improvements in BCVA and CRT were generally similar in the monotherapy and combined therapy groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01411696 .

title: Two or more dexamethasone intravitreal implants as monotherapy or in combination therapy for @entity1103 in XXXX : subgroup analysis of a retrospective chart review study.

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: AIM: This study was to identify the safety and efficacy of adding epidural @entity3391 receptor antagonists ( @entity3652 ) to oral @entity2682 for the treatment of post @entity1566 -related @entity1118 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 in the age range of 18-50 years with a diagnosis of @entity9 secondary to @entity1566 were randomized into two equal groups. Group I received 0.2 mg/Kg of preservative-free @entity3652 (2 ml) single bolus epidural injection and @entity2682 300 mg three times daily. Group II received isotonic saline 0.9% (2 ml) single bolus epidural injection and @entity2682 300 mg three times daily. @entity158 scores were evaluated pre-injection, 7, 15, 30,45 and 60 days post injection. @entity1 were asked about any side-effects occurred during follow-up period. RESULTS: At all time points examined, @entity158 scores were significantly lower in both groups than pre-injection values (P < 0.0001). @entity158 scores were significantly lower in Group I than in Group II at 7, 15, 30 days after injection (P 0.02, < 0.0001, =0.0001 respectively), but no statistically significant difference was detected between groups at 45, 60 days post injection (P = 0.54, =0.25), there was no statistically significant difference regarding incidence of side-effects in both groups. CONCLUSION: Epidurally administrated @entity3652 seems to be a safe adjunct to @entity2682 in post @entity1566 -related @entity1118 . However, its analgesic efficacy was limited to 30 days after injection.

title: Epidural @entity3652 in post @entity1566 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: AIM: This study was to identify the safety and efficacy of adding epidural @entity3391 receptor antagonists ( @entity3652 ) to oral @entity2682 for the treatment of post @entity1566 -related @entity1118 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 in the age range of 18-50 years with a diagnosis of @entity9 secondary to @entity1566 were randomized into two equal groups. Group I received 0.2 mg/Kg of preservative-free @entity3652 (2 ml) single bolus epidural injection and @entity2682 300 mg three times daily. Group II received isotonic saline 0.9% (2 ml) single bolus epidural injection and @entity2682 300 mg three times daily. @entity158 scores were evaluated pre-injection, 7, 15, 30,45 and 60 days post injection. @entity1 were asked about any side-effects occurred during follow-up period. RESULTS: At all time points examined, @entity158 scores were significantly lower in both groups than pre-injection values (P < 0.0001). @entity158 scores were significantly lower in Group I than in Group II at 7, 15, 30 days after injection (P 0.02, < 0.0001, =0.0001 respectively), but no statistically significant difference was detected between groups at 45, 60 days post injection (P = 0.54, =0.25), there was no statistically significant difference regarding incidence of side-effects in both groups. CONCLUSION: Epidurally administrated @entity3652 seems to be a safe adjunct to @entity2682 in post @entity1566 -related @entity1118 . However, its analgesic efficacy was limited to 30 days after injection.

title: Epidural XXXX in post @entity1566 -related @entity1118 .

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: AIM: This study was to identify the safety and efficacy of adding epidural @entity3391 receptor antagonists ( @entity3652 ) to oral @entity2682 for the treatment of post @entity1566 -related @entity1118 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 in the age range of 18-50 years with a diagnosis of @entity9 secondary to @entity1566 were randomized into two equal groups. Group I received 0.2 mg/Kg of preservative-free @entity3652 (2 ml) single bolus epidural injection and @entity2682 300 mg three times daily. Group II received isotonic saline 0.9% (2 ml) single bolus epidural injection and @entity2682 300 mg three times daily. @entity158 scores were evaluated pre-injection, 7, 15, 30,45 and 60 days post injection. @entity1 were asked about any side-effects occurred during follow-up period. RESULTS: At all time points examined, @entity158 scores were significantly lower in both groups than pre-injection values (P < 0.0001). @entity158 scores were significantly lower in Group I than in Group II at 7, 15, 30 days after injection (P 0.02, < 0.0001, =0.0001 respectively), but no statistically significant difference was detected between groups at 45, 60 days post injection (P = 0.54, =0.25), there was no statistically significant difference regarding incidence of side-effects in both groups. CONCLUSION: Epidurally administrated @entity3652 seems to be a safe adjunct to @entity2682 in post @entity1566 -related @entity1118 . However, its analgesic efficacy was limited to 30 days after injection.

title: Epidural @entity3652 in post XXXX -related @entity1118 .

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that significant hematologic improvement occurs in the majority of @entity1 with @entity5734 ( @entity5734 ) treated with partially purified or recombinant interferon (IFN). Fifty-three @entity1 received IFN alfa-2b for at least 3 months in a dose of 2 X 10(6) U/m2 subcutaneously thrice weekly. Of the 49 @entity1 evaluable for response (at least 6 months of IFN therapy), there were ten complete responses and 29 partial responses for a total response rate of 80%. The peripheral blood counts and bone marrow continued to improve over the course of a full year of therapy. IFN was well tolerated, with no @entity1 discontinuing therapy because of @entity137 . Transient myelosuppression occurred in most @entity1 during the first 1 to 2 months of therapy, occasionally precipitating a transfusion requirement. After IFN treatment was discontinued, there was a marked decrease in normal marrow elements and a relative increase in marrow hairy cells. This was associated with a transient increase in normal elements in the peripheral blood. Only one of 24 @entity1 followed after receiving IFN for a median of 8.5 months (range, 3 to 16 months) has required further therapy. We conclude that low-dose IFN alfa-2b is highly effective in advanced @entity5734 ; responding @entity1 should be treated for at least 1 year. The decision to initiate a second course of IFN therapy should be based primarily on peripheral blood counts and the clinical status of the @entity1 rather than on the bone marrow.

title: Durability of responses to interferon alfa-2b in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['HCL', 'hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity5734 :: (MESH:D007943,Disease) :: ['hairy cell leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic portal venous gas associated with @entity5327 is indicative of a serious pathology that leads to @entity39 and it has a high mortality rate. Although @entity5327 is acknowledged as a condition that requires early surgical treatment, it has been reported that @entity39 and surgical resection of the @entity75 may be avoided if the condition is identified quickly and the cause is detected at an early phase. However, no reports or guidelines have been published that describe the management of @entity1 in whom @entity39 and surgical treatment were avoided. We report the case of a @entity1 who presented with @entity5327 who was managed with non-resectional treatment at an early phase and had a delayed small-bowel stricture. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old @entity1 presented to the hospital with @entity221 , @entity490 , and @entity391 . Abdominal computed tomography confirmed a diffuse gaseous distention with small-bowel @entity14515 and @entity99 . An urgent laparotomy was performed, because @entity326 associated with @entity298 and @entity39 was strongly suspected. Although we found @entity843 and a perforated appendix at the time of surgery, gangrenous and transmural ischemic changes were not evident in the small bowel and colon. We performed an appendectomy without a bowel resection, and the @entity1 was discharged on an oral diet. However, he was re-admitted to hospital, because 4  days after discharge he developed postoperative @entity8442 . Non-operative management was chosen, but his symptoms did not improve. We decided to perform a laparotomy 40  days after the initial operation, and a considerable adhesion was detected. Therefore, only a synechotomy was performed. On day 57, he experienced symptoms that were associated with @entity1744 . On day 59, a partial resection of the jejunum was performed. Severe luminal strictures were apparent within the jejunum, and marked structural changes were evident. CONCLUSION: While non-surgical management can be chosen for selected @entity1 with @entity5327 , continuous observation to evaluate the development of delayed strictures that lead to @entity1744 is required in @entity1 who undergo non-resectional treatment.

title: Delayed intestinal stricture following non-resectional treatment for @entity5327 associated with XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['bowel necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['gangrenous lesion']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['purulent ascites']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic ileus']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction once again', 'bowel obstructions']

entities_list: @entity14515 :: ('MESH:D011006', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic portal venous gas']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic portal venous gas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic portal venous gas associated with @entity5327 is indicative of a serious pathology that leads to @entity39 and it has a high mortality rate. Although @entity5327 is acknowledged as a condition that requires early surgical treatment, it has been reported that @entity39 and surgical resection of the @entity75 may be avoided if the condition is identified quickly and the cause is detected at an early phase. However, no reports or guidelines have been published that describe the management of @entity1 in whom @entity39 and surgical treatment were avoided. We report the case of a @entity1 who presented with @entity5327 who was managed with non-resectional treatment at an early phase and had a delayed small-bowel stricture. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old @entity1 presented to the hospital with @entity221 , @entity490 , and @entity391 . Abdominal computed tomography confirmed a diffuse gaseous distention with small-bowel @entity14515 and @entity99 . An urgent laparotomy was performed, because @entity326 associated with @entity298 and @entity39 was strongly suspected. Although we found @entity843 and a perforated appendix at the time of surgery, gangrenous and transmural ischemic changes were not evident in the small bowel and colon. We performed an appendectomy without a bowel resection, and the @entity1 was discharged on an oral diet. However, he was re-admitted to hospital, because 4  days after discharge he developed postoperative @entity8442 . Non-operative management was chosen, but his symptoms did not improve. We decided to perform a laparotomy 40  days after the initial operation, and a considerable adhesion was detected. Therefore, only a synechotomy was performed. On day 57, he experienced symptoms that were associated with @entity1744 . On day 59, a partial resection of the jejunum was performed. Severe luminal strictures were apparent within the jejunum, and marked structural changes were evident. CONCLUSION: While non-surgical management can be chosen for selected @entity1 with @entity5327 , continuous observation to evaluate the development of delayed strictures that lead to @entity1744 is required in @entity1 who undergo non-resectional treatment.

title: Delayed intestinal stricture following non-resectional treatment for XXXX associated with @entity99 : a case report.

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recurrence rate of periocular @entity1491 (PNBCC) following treatment with imiquimod (IMQ) has not yet been established. Previous studies did not include histological follow-up. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of topical immunotherapy with 5% IMQ cream for the treatment of PNBCC. METHODS: Study design: A prospective, non-randomized, and uncontrolled longitudinal case series study. No @entity1 were blinded. Punch biopsy confirmed PNBCC @entity1 were included at the Ophthalmology Clinic of S  o Paulo University Medicine School Hospital (from 2008 to 2012). @entity1 were treated with 5% IMQ cream once a day, 5  days per week, for 8-16 weeks. Standard lesion photographic documentation was done during the study. Three months after treatment ended, an image-guided biopsy was performed. @entity1 were followed at 6-month intervals and annually for control biopsies. Main outcome measures were clinical and histological clearance rates. Data were analysed by frequency distribution for qualitative group characteristics and central tendency measures for quantitative data. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 met the inclusion criteria, 19 of whom remained until the end of treatment. The histological clearance rate was 89.5% and 84.2%, respectively, at 3 and 39.5  months. The 3-year histological clearance rate was 81.8% (9/11) for lesions >10  mm, and 100% (8/8) for lesions <10  mm. Three @entity1 did not tolerate the side effects of the medication and left the study. Two @entity1 were excluded for treatment interruption related to comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that 5% IMQ cream was a useful alternative treatment for NBBCC, especially for lesions <10  mm. IMQ also showed a significant neoadjuvant effect on lesions >10  mm. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov Registration Dec 3, 2008: # NCT 00803907 .

title: Imiquimod cream efficacy in the treatment of periocular XXXX : a non-randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['nodular basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['nodular basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Axillary brachial plexus block for below elbow orthopedic surgery provides a safe and low-cost technique with the advantage of prolonged postoperative @entity1337 . @entity1338 , with selective partial agonist activity on a2 adrenergic receptors, has significantly demonstrated its role in this regard as an adjuvant to local anesthetics. The current study compares the locally administered @entity1338 with systemically administered control group in terms of onset and duration of @entity616 , motor block, and @entity1337 ; hemodynamic variability; sedation; and other side effect profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy @entity1 (ASA I or II) scheduled for below elbow orthopedic surgeries were randomly allocated in equal numbers to receive either 30 ml of 0.5% plain @entity1341 with 150  g (1 ml) of inj. @entity1338 locally in the axillary sheath and 1 ml of normal saline (NS) subcutaneously (Group L) or 30 ml of 0.5% plain @entity1341 with 1 ml of NS locally and 150  g (1 ml) of inj. @entity1338 subcutaneously (Group S). Standard monitoring of vital parameters was done. Duration of @entity3481 , @entity1337 , hemodynamic changes, and any adverse effects were observed and recorded for different duration up to 24 h. RESULTS: Duration of @entity616 (625    35 min), motor block (690    38 min), and @entity1337 (930    45 min) was significantly longer in Group L than in Group S [ @entity616 (480    30 min), motor block (535    25 min), and @entity1337 (720    30 min)] (P < 0.05). Significant alteration of heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure in Group S was observed compared to Group L (P < 0.05). Side effects like @entity390 and @entity391 were comparable, but highly significant sedation score (  (2) = 47.75 and 49.51 at 120 and 240 min, respectively; P < 0.01) was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Compared to systemic administration, local @entity1338 as an adjuvant in axillary block resulted in significant prolongation of duration of sensory and motor blockade, and @entity1337 without any hemodynamic alteration, probably by locally mediated mechanism of action.

title: XXXX as an adjuvant in axillary brachial plexus block for below elbow orthopedic surgeries: A comparison between local and systemic administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and motor block']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['sensory block']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['Clonidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 )-oriented stepwise treatment under local anesthesia has been performed in the outpatient-ambulatory setting in @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). We retrospectively reviewed our preliminary experience of ambulatory @entity1600 in @entity0 @entity1 scheduled to undergo NAT to evaluate the usefulness and feasibility of this method as a minimally invasive, stepwise treatment protocol. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 56 @entity1 with @entity0 without obvious nodal involvement who were scheduled to receive NAT before breast surgery. @entity1600 was performed under local anesthesia in an ambulatory outpatient setting before the initiation of NAT. RESULTS: The average number of removed sentinel lymph nodes was 1.9. Identification of the sentinel node was possible in all cases, and macrometastasis was observed in six cases (10.7%). @entity3944 was observed in five cases, while @entity5 cells were noted in six cases. There were no delays in the initiation of NAT as a result of complications of @entity1600 . CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of ambulatory @entity1600 prior to NAT. Further studies are warranted to assess the strict indications, @entity1 satisfaction, and medical economics of this procedure.

title: Ambulatory sentinel lymph node biopsy preceding neoadjuvant therapy in @entity1 with operable XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy']

entities_list: @entity3944 :: ('MESH:D061206', 'Disease') :: ['Micrometastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 )-oriented stepwise treatment under local anesthesia has been performed in the outpatient-ambulatory setting in @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). We retrospectively reviewed our preliminary experience of ambulatory @entity1600 in @entity0 @entity1 scheduled to undergo NAT to evaluate the usefulness and feasibility of this method as a minimally invasive, stepwise treatment protocol. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 56 @entity1 with @entity0 without obvious nodal involvement who were scheduled to receive NAT before breast surgery. @entity1600 was performed under local anesthesia in an ambulatory outpatient setting before the initiation of NAT. RESULTS: The average number of removed sentinel lymph nodes was 1.9. Identification of the sentinel node was possible in all cases, and macrometastasis was observed in six cases (10.7%). @entity3944 was observed in five cases, while @entity5 cells were noted in six cases. There were no delays in the initiation of NAT as a result of complications of @entity1600 . CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of ambulatory @entity1600 prior to NAT. Further studies are warranted to assess the strict indications, @entity1 satisfaction, and medical economics of this procedure.

title: Ambulatory sentinel lymph node biopsy preceding neoadjuvant therapy in XXXX with operable @entity0 : a preliminary study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training (IMT) programme using multiple inspiratory muscle tests. METHOD: Sixty-eight @entity1 (37   M) with moderate to severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) (Mean [SD], FEV1 36.1 [13.6]% pred.; FEV1/FVC 35.7 [11.2]%) were randomised into an experimental or control group and trained with a threshold loading device at intensity >30% maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) or <15% PImax, respectively, for 7 weeks. Thirty-nine @entity1 (23   M) completed the study. The following measures were assessed pre- and post-IMT: PImax, sniff inspiratory nasal pressure (SNIP), diaphragm contractility ( @entity13091 ,tw), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), @entity4589 ( @entity4589 ), chronic @entity1576 questionnaire (CRDQ), the hospital @entity148 and @entity308 scale (HADS) and the SF-36. Between-group changes were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: PImax and perception of well-being improved significantly post-IMT [p   =   0.04 and <0.05 in four domains, respectively]. This was not reflected in SNIP [p   =   0.7], @entity13091 ,tw [p   =   0.8], @entity4589 [p   =   0.9] or ISWT [p   =   0.5]. CONCLUSIONS: A seven-week, community-based IMT programme, with realistic use of health-care resources, improves PImax and perception of well-being but a different design may be required for improvement in other measures. Multiple tests provide a more comprehensive evaluation of changes in muscle function post-IMT. Implications for Rehabilitation A seven-week, home-based inspiratory muscle training programme improves maximal inspiratory pressure and perception of well-being in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 but not sniff nasal inspiratory pressure or diaphragm contractility, @entity4589 and exercise capacity. Multiple tests are recommended for a more comprehensive assessment of changes in muscle function following inspiratory muscle training programmes. Therapists need to explore different community-based inspiratory muscle training regimes for @entity1030 @entity1 and identify the optimal exercise protocol that is likely to lead to improvements in diaphragm contractility and exercise capacity.

title: Evaluation of the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training programme in @entity1 with XXXX using multiple inspiratory muscle tests.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory muscle endurance', 'RME']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training (IMT) programme using multiple inspiratory muscle tests. METHOD: Sixty-eight @entity1 (37   M) with moderate to severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) (Mean [SD], FEV1 36.1 [13.6]% pred.; FEV1/FVC 35.7 [11.2]%) were randomised into an experimental or control group and trained with a threshold loading device at intensity >30% maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) or <15% PImax, respectively, for 7 weeks. Thirty-nine @entity1 (23   M) completed the study. The following measures were assessed pre- and post-IMT: PImax, sniff inspiratory nasal pressure (SNIP), diaphragm contractility ( @entity13091 ,tw), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), @entity4589 ( @entity4589 ), chronic @entity1576 questionnaire (CRDQ), the hospital @entity148 and @entity308 scale (HADS) and the SF-36. Between-group changes were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: PImax and perception of well-being improved significantly post-IMT [p   =   0.04 and <0.05 in four domains, respectively]. This was not reflected in SNIP [p   =   0.7], @entity13091 ,tw [p   =   0.8], @entity4589 [p   =   0.9] or ISWT [p   =   0.5]. CONCLUSIONS: A seven-week, community-based IMT programme, with realistic use of health-care resources, improves PImax and perception of well-being but a different design may be required for improvement in other measures. Multiple tests provide a more comprehensive evaluation of changes in muscle function post-IMT. Implications for Rehabilitation A seven-week, home-based inspiratory muscle training programme improves maximal inspiratory pressure and perception of well-being in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1030 but not sniff nasal inspiratory pressure or diaphragm contractility, @entity4589 and exercise capacity. Multiple tests are recommended for a more comprehensive assessment of changes in muscle function following inspiratory muscle training programmes. Therapists need to explore different community-based inspiratory muscle training regimes for @entity1030 @entity1 and identify the optimal exercise protocol that is likely to lead to improvements in diaphragm contractility and exercise capacity.

title: Evaluation of the effectiveness of a home-based inspiratory muscle training programme in XXXX with @entity1030 using multiple inspiratory muscle tests.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative evaluation of the axilla, an important prognostic determinant for @entity1 with @entity0 , is achieved by non- or minimally invasive methods to avoid the potential hazards of operative intervention. The aim of this study was to determine statistical power of axillary ultrasound (US) and US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for evaluating axillary status. METHODS: Axillary lymph nodes were imaged for malignant involvement by high resolution US in 93 @entity0 @entity1 with clinically negative axilla. Cytological samples were obtained by US-guided FNAC from image-suspicious lymph nodes. Cytology-positive @entity1 directly underwent @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). @entity1 with US and/or cytology-negative axilla underwent @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). Using statistical analysis, US findings and US combined with FNAC were compared with @entity1600 and final pathology to measure performance. RESULTS: US was suspicious for @entity3 in 38 @entity1 (41%), of whom 16 (42%) were cytology-positive. Axilla was positive in 36/93 @entity1 (38.7%). Sixteen @entity1 with positive FNAC directly underwent @entity1600 . @entity1600 and/or final pathology was positive in 13/55 @entity1 (23.7%) with negative US (false negative of US) and in 7/22 @entity1 (31.8%) with positive US but negative cytology (false negative of FNAC). @entity1600 and/or final pathology was negative in 15/38 @entity1 (39.5%) with positive US (false positive of US). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive value (NPV) of US alone were 63.8%, 73.6%, 69.8%, 60.5% and 76.3%, respectively, and 69.6%,100%, 81.6%, 100% and 68.1%, respectively, for US combined with FNAC. CONCLUSION: Statistical measures of the US alone did not achieve a satisfactory value for excluding operative biopsy. US-negative and US-positive but cytology-negative cases still require @entity1600 for accurate evaluation of axillary status. On the other hand, US-guided positive cytology can obviate @entity1600 proceeding directly to @entity1600 and avoiding frozen section of sentinel node(s).

title: Preoperative assessment of the axilla by surgeon performed ultrasound and cytology in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node biopsy', 'axillary lymph node dissection', 'SLNB', 'ALND']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative evaluation of the axilla, an important prognostic determinant for @entity1 with @entity0 , is achieved by non- or minimally invasive methods to avoid the potential hazards of operative intervention. The aim of this study was to determine statistical power of axillary ultrasound (US) and US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for evaluating axillary status. METHODS: Axillary lymph nodes were imaged for malignant involvement by high resolution US in 93 @entity0 @entity1 with clinically negative axilla. Cytological samples were obtained by US-guided FNAC from image-suspicious lymph nodes. Cytology-positive @entity1 directly underwent @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). @entity1 with US and/or cytology-negative axilla underwent @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). Using statistical analysis, US findings and US combined with FNAC were compared with @entity1600 and final pathology to measure performance. RESULTS: US was suspicious for @entity3 in 38 @entity1 (41%), of whom 16 (42%) were cytology-positive. Axilla was positive in 36/93 @entity1 (38.7%). Sixteen @entity1 with positive FNAC directly underwent @entity1600 . @entity1600 and/or final pathology was positive in 13/55 @entity1 (23.7%) with negative US (false negative of US) and in 7/22 @entity1 (31.8%) with positive US but negative cytology (false negative of FNAC). @entity1600 and/or final pathology was negative in 15/38 @entity1 (39.5%) with positive US (false positive of US). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive value (NPV) of US alone were 63.8%, 73.6%, 69.8%, 60.5% and 76.3%, respectively, and 69.6%,100%, 81.6%, 100% and 68.1%, respectively, for US combined with FNAC. CONCLUSION: Statistical measures of the US alone did not achieve a satisfactory value for excluding operative biopsy. US-negative and US-positive but cytology-negative cases still require @entity1600 for accurate evaluation of axillary status. On the other hand, US-guided positive cytology can obviate @entity1600 proceeding directly to @entity1600 and avoiding frozen section of sentinel node(s).

title: Preoperative assessment of the axilla by surgeon performed ultrasound and cytology in XXXX with @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether ordered values of (sub)regional femorotibial cartilage thickness change are superior to region-based approaches in detecting risk factors for cartilage @entity393 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: 58 @entity1 with knee @entity571 had 3 Tesla MR images acquired at baseline and 24 months. Changes in cartilage thickness (   ThCtAB) were determined in eight medial femorotibial subregions. An ascending sort of individual    ThCtAB measurements was done to create "ordered values". Risk factors for @entity393 considered were: @entity2270 ( @entity2270 ), minimal (medial) joint space width (mJSW), and percent of medial tibial plateau covered by the meniscus (percent cover). All change metrics were tested for association with the risk factors using Kendall's    and relative sensitivity of multiple tests of subregions and ordered values were compared with single metrics of change from plate and compartment summaries and the first ordered value. RESULTS: The associations between subregion    ThCtAB and @entity2270 (P=0.0002), mJSW (P=0.016), and age (P=0.011) were significant, but only @entity2270 (at a=0.05) and age (at a=0.1) remained significant after adjusting for multiple subregions. In contrast, cMFTC had P-values<0.05 for @entity2270 (P=0.0001), mJSW (P=0.016), and meniscus subluxation (0.04). The first ordered value had significant associations with @entity2270 (P=0.0004), mJSW (P=0.003), meniscus subluxation (P=0.02) and percent cover (P=0.031) all of which were significant at a=0.05 after adjusting for tests on multiple risk factors. CONCLUSION: Ordered values of    ThCtAB were more sensitive in detecting risk factors of @entity393 than subregional    ThCtAB. Sensitivity was further enhanced by considering the minimum ordered value as a single test, thus not requiring adjustment for multiple tests. Using ordered values there was a significant association between    ThCtAB and baseline @entity2270 , mJSW, meniscus subluxation and meniscus percent cover. This study provides an important step in validating ordered values of cartilage change.

title: Using ordered values of subregional cartilage thickness change increases sensitivity in detecting risk factors for XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage loss', 'loss in osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['AAA', 'age, BMI, anatomical knee axis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Experts are accurate in differentiating small @entity652 from @entity1127 at colonoscopy by using narrow-band imaging (NBI). OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of an NBI training module on individuals with varying colonoscopy experience. DESIGN: Prospective educational evaluation study. SETTING: Academic endoscopy unit. @entity1 : Twenty-one @entity1 of varying colonoscopy experience (novices, trainees, and experienced gastroenterologists) and 5 experts in NBI. INTERVENTION: @entity1 completed a computer-based test module consisting of 30 NBI polyp images. No feedback was given. They then completed a computer-based training module on the use of NBI in the differentiation of @entity652 and @entity1127 . The test module was then completed a second time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Construct validity (the difference in baseline accuracy on the test module between different groups of @entity1 ) and content validity (difference in accuracy achieved on the test module before and after training) of the training module. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the baseline accuracy (P < .001) between experts (0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92-0.97), experienced colonoscopists (0.68; 95% CI, 0.68-0.74), trainees (0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.82), and novices (0.62; 95% CI, 0.46-0.77). Accuracy increased significantly (P < .001) for @entity5953 groups after training (novices 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78-0.88, trainees 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.93, and experienced colonoscopists 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.89). After training, the agreement was moderate at least (k = 0.56 for novices, k = 0.70 for trainees, and k = 0.54 for experienced colonoscopists). LIMITATIONS: This study did not assess the accuracy of optical diagnosis in routine clinical practice. CONCLUSION: A short, computer-based training module can improve the diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement for the use of NBI to differentiate @entity652 from @entity1127 and could be used for the initial training in optical diagnosis.

title: Development and validation of a training module on the use of narrow-band imaging in differentiation of small XXXX from @entity1127 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic polyps']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Experts are accurate in differentiating small @entity652 from @entity1127 at colonoscopy by using narrow-band imaging (NBI). OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of an NBI training module on individuals with varying colonoscopy experience. DESIGN: Prospective educational evaluation study. SETTING: Academic endoscopy unit. @entity1 : Twenty-one @entity1 of varying colonoscopy experience (novices, trainees, and experienced gastroenterologists) and 5 experts in NBI. INTERVENTION: @entity1 completed a computer-based test module consisting of 30 NBI polyp images. No feedback was given. They then completed a computer-based training module on the use of NBI in the differentiation of @entity652 and @entity1127 . The test module was then completed a second time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Construct validity (the difference in baseline accuracy on the test module between different groups of @entity1 ) and content validity (difference in accuracy achieved on the test module before and after training) of the training module. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in the baseline accuracy (P < .001) between experts (0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92-0.97), experienced colonoscopists (0.68; 95% CI, 0.68-0.74), trainees (0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.82), and novices (0.62; 95% CI, 0.46-0.77). Accuracy increased significantly (P < .001) for @entity5953 groups after training (novices 0.84; 95% CI, 0.78-0.88, trainees 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.93, and experienced colonoscopists 0.84; 95% CI, 0.76-0.89). After training, the agreement was moderate at least (k = 0.56 for novices, k = 0.70 for trainees, and k = 0.54 for experienced colonoscopists). LIMITATIONS: This study did not assess the accuracy of optical diagnosis in routine clinical practice. CONCLUSION: A short, computer-based training module can improve the diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement for the use of NBI to differentiate @entity652 from @entity1127 and could be used for the initial training in optical diagnosis.

title: Development and validation of a training module on the use of narrow-band imaging in differentiation of small @entity652 from XXXX .

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['hyperplastic colorectal polyps']


abstract: Most of the data reported on @entity1164 has been from studies of Anglo-Saxon @entity1 . We conducted a study to ascertain the relation between @entity944 ( @entity944 ) and some epidemiologic, clinical, and biochemical parameters and to assess the coronary histopathologic aspects of subjects in a Spanish population who had died suddenly. A total of 204 subjects (86% @entity1 ), aged 12 to 80 years (mean 54    15), who had died from out-of-hospital natural @entity944 were evaluated. Only 15% of subjects had been previously diagnosed with @entity299 . Pathologic evidence of underlying @entity65 was found in 90% of cases, with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) the most frequent (58%). The @entity301 was acute @entity1186 in 41% and a stable plaque with luminal narrowing of >= 75% in 59%. An old @entity583 was found in 31% of the @entity944 victims. @entity1283 was found in 48%, with no relation between the presence of @entity1283 and @entity301 . @entity1 with stable plaques had a greater heart weight than did those with acute @entity1186 (p = 0.02). Male gender, older age, smoking, and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 /high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio of >= 3 were associated with @entity301 . A greater percentage of @entity1 with an eroded and/or @entity397 than @entity1 with a stable plaque were smokers. Only smoking and a low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ratio of >= 3 were associated with an eroded and/or @entity397 . In conclusion, compared with the findings from studies of Anglo-Saxon @entity1 , a lower incidence of @entity301 and acute @entity1186 and a greater incidence of @entity1283 were found in @entity944 victims of a Mediterranean Spanish population.

title: Specific characteristics of XXXX in a mediterranean Spanish population.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac hypertrophy', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured plaque']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1186 :: ('MESH:D003328', 'Disease') :: ['coronary thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['sudden death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity191 @entity1 are more likely to be hospitalized, have higher rates of hospital complications, and have an increased risk of deterioration during hospitalization. Length of stay is an important underlying factor for these increased risks. We aimed to investigate potential medication errors that may occur during hospitalization and its impact on length of hospital stay. METHODS: A cross-sectional chart review of 339 consecutive hospital encounters from 212 @entity1726 subjects was performed. Medication errors were defined as wrong timing or omission of administration for dopaminergic drugs and administration of contraindicated @entity935 blockers. An analysis of covariance was applied to examine whether these medication errors were related to increased length of hospital stays. RESULTS: A significant effect for dopaminergic administration (p<0.01) on length of hospital stay was observed. Subjects who had delayed administration or missed at least one dose stayed longer (M=8.2 days, SD=8.9 vs. M=3.6 days SD=3.4). Contraindicated @entity935 blocking agents were administered in 23% (71/339) of cases, and this was also significantly related to an increased length of stay (M=8.2 days, SD=8.9 vs. M=3.6 days SD=3.4), p<0.05. @entity1 who received a contraindicated @entity935 blocker stayed in the hospital longer (M=7.5 days, SD=9.1) compared to those who did not (M=5.9 days, SD=6.8). Neurologists were consulted in 24.5% of encounters. Specialty consultation had no effect on the medication related errors. CONCLUSIONS: Missing dopaminergic dosages and administration of @entity935 blockers occur frequently in hospitalized @entity191 @entity1 and this may impact length of stay. These potentially modifiable factors may reduce the risk of a longer stay related to hospitalization.

title: Missing Dosages and Neuroleptic Usage May Prolong Length of Stay in Hospitalized XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity191 @entity1 are more likely to be hospitalized, have higher rates of hospital complications, and have an increased risk of deterioration during hospitalization. Length of stay is an important underlying factor for these increased risks. We aimed to investigate potential medication errors that may occur during hospitalization and its impact on length of hospital stay. METHODS: A cross-sectional chart review of 339 consecutive hospital encounters from 212 @entity1726 subjects was performed. Medication errors were defined as wrong timing or omission of administration for dopaminergic drugs and administration of contraindicated @entity935 blockers. An analysis of covariance was applied to examine whether these medication errors were related to increased length of hospital stays. RESULTS: A significant effect for dopaminergic administration (p<0.01) on length of hospital stay was observed. Subjects who had delayed administration or missed at least one dose stayed longer (M=8.2 days, SD=8.9 vs. M=3.6 days SD=3.4). Contraindicated @entity935 blocking agents were administered in 23% (71/339) of cases, and this was also significantly related to an increased length of stay (M=8.2 days, SD=8.9 vs. M=3.6 days SD=3.4), p<0.05. @entity1 who received a contraindicated @entity935 blocker stayed in the hospital longer (M=7.5 days, SD=9.1) compared to those who did not (M=5.9 days, SD=6.8). Neurologists were consulted in 24.5% of encounters. Specialty consultation had no effect on the medication related errors. CONCLUSIONS: Missing dopaminergic dosages and administration of @entity935 blockers occur frequently in hospitalized @entity191 @entity1 and this may impact length of stay. These potentially modifiable factors may reduce the risk of a longer stay related to hospitalization.

title: Missing Dosages and Neuroleptic Usage May Prolong Length of Stay in Hospitalized @entity191 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies show a high and growing prevalence of @entity146 in the population worldwide. 25% of the general population in Europe will during their lifetime experience symptoms related to a @entity146 . The Mental Health First @entity3224 concept (MHFA) was founded in 2000 in Australia by Kitchener and Jorm, in order to provide the population with mental health first @entity3224 skills. The aim of the concept is, through an educational intervention (course), to increase confidence in how to help @entity1 suffering from mental health problems. Further, secondary aims are to increase the mental health literacy of the public by increasing knowledge, reduce stigma and initiate more supportive actions leading towards professional care. An investigation of the effect of MHFA offered a Danish population is needed. METHODS: The design is a randomized waitlist-controlled superiority trial, in which 500 @entity1 will be allocated to either the intervention group or the control group. The control group will attend the course six months later, hence waiting list design. From fall 2013 to spring 2014 @entity1 will be educated to be "mental health first-aiders" following a manualized, two days MHFA course. All the @entity1 will answer a questionnaire at base-line and at 6  months follow-up. The questionnaire is a back-translation of the questionnaire used in Australian trials. The trial will be complemented by a qualitative study, in which focus groups will be carried out. DISCUSSION: Outcomes measured are sensitive to interpretation, hence a challenge to uniform. This trial will add to the use of a mixed-methods design and exemplify how it can strengthen the analysis and take up the challenge of a sensitive outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION: https://clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02334020 .

title: The effect of the mental health first- XXXX training course offered employees in Denmark: study protocol for a randomized waitlist-controlled superiority trial mixed with a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'mental disorder']

answer: @entity3224 :: (57379,Gene) :: ['aid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2460 are rare @entity5 of mesenchymal origin. They are often of low malignant potential and rarely metastasize. While they frequently arise from the pleura, they can occur at any soft tissue site in the body. We present a case of a large (28 * 21cm) @entity2460 arising from the bladder serosa. In addition, the clinicopathologic features, differential diagnosis, cytogenetics and management of this rare disease are discussed, along with a review of the existing literature on this topic. CASE PRESENTATION: An otherwise healthy 41-year-old Caucasian @entity1 presented with @entity353 and progressive abdominal bloating. A subsequent computed tomography scan of his chest, abdomen and pelvis revealed a 26.8 * 21cm intra-abdominal mass occupying most of his abdominal cavity. The inferior vena cava was compressed, and the mass extended inferiorly to his upper pelvis abutting the superior dome of his bladder. He underwent operative resection and the resected mass measured 28 * 21 * 18cm and weighed 4.8kg. The cut surface revealed a gray-white mass with an ill-defined whorled-like pattern, with randomly assorted tan fleshy nodules. A histologic evaluation revealed variable, alternating hypercellular and hypocellular areas, with areas of @entity39 . The @entity5 cells varied from spindle to epithelioid within a hyalinized stroma. In the hypercellular areas, the @entity5 cells showed moderate atypia with high mitotic activity. The histological features combined with immunophenotyping were suggestive of a @entity2460 that grossly appeared to be growing from the bladder serosa, specifically the intraperitoneal superior dome of the bladder. Our @entity1 is currently eight months post-surgery without evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Extrapleural occurrences of solitary @entity82 are being increasingly observed. @entity5 of the urinary bladder, however, are very rare. As there are no pathognomonic features of @entity5 , surgical resection is often both diagnostic and therapeutic, as was the case in our report.

title: Massive XXXX arising from the bladder serosa: a case report.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis tumors']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Malignant solitary fibrosis tumors', 'neoplasms', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['Solitary fibrous tumors', 'malignant solitary fibrous tumor']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['malignant solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Occasionally, it is difficult to design an appropriate treatment plan for @entity2 . We present the usefulness of combined treatment with a bronchoscopic electrocautery wire snare prior to wedge @entity9876 for @entity1 with @entity2 . PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 64-year-old @entity1 , who was a long-term @entity228 user, complicated with @entity55 . Chest CT scan showed total atelectasis of the left lung due to obstruction of the left main bronchus by an @entity5 , which protruded from the left lower lobe. He was diagnosed with @entity957 of c-T3N0M0 Stage IIB. @entity5 resection of the left main bronchus was initially performed, which resulted in an improvement of the @entity1 's symptoms; the @entity1 's pulmonary function was evaluated and bronchial extension of the @entity5 was also observed. He subsequently underwent elective bronchoplastic left lower lobectomy and lymphadenectomy, with no recurrence 2 years after surgery. DISCUSSION: A variety of therapeutic bronchoscopic intervention are available for the treatment of @entity2 . The effectiveness of endobronchial electrocautery using the snare wire has been reported for the treatment of respiratory tract @entity5 , which allowed planning of the following treatment procedure. CONCLUSION: The combination of a bronchoscopic electrocautery wire snare and bronchoplastic surgical procedure was useful for the treatment of @entity2 such as in our case.

title: Endobronchial electrocautery wire snare prior to wedge XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['left obstructive pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'endobronchial tumor', 'Endobronchial tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['central-type lung cancer', 'advanced central-type lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity9876 :: ('MESH:D020232', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoplastic lobectomy']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['bronchoplastic lobectomy for central-type lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2795 ( @entity2795 ), which has been rarely reported both at home and abroad, is a rare type of @entity2795 . CASE PRESENTATION: This is a report on a 64-year-old Chinese migraineur who has had recurrent typical @entity227 without @entity10 attacks for more than 30 years, and has been misdiagnosed as having had @entity63 ( @entity63 ) many times. He mainly experienced episodes of ' @entity227 ' or photopsia, which presented as different shapes located at the side or above his visual field, for example, patchy, cord-like, zigzag, curtain-like or irregular shapes. The shape was inconsistent during each attack, however, the color was mainly gray or light blue. The @entity227 gradually disappeared in about 30 minutes. Our @entity1 has never suffered a @entity10 attack during or after the @entity227 . Normal results were observed in his @entity16 , complete blood test, electroencephalogram and neuroimaging examination. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2795 is an uncommon phenomenon of @entity2704 . @entity227 mainly presents positive and dynamic symptoms. It has a benign course and can be diagnosed after exclusion of other @entity347 such as @entity63 and @entity302 .

title: XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['TAWH', 'migraine with aura', 'Typical aura without headache']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Migraine with visual aura', 'homonymous blurred vision', 'visual symptoms', 'visual aura']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attacks', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and eye examinations']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic diseases']

answer: @entity2795 :: (MESH:D020325,Disease) :: ['Typical aura without headache']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study compared the thermal responses of the finger to 0 and 8  C water immersion, two commonly used temperatures for @entity2223 ( @entity2223 ) research. On two separate and counterbalanced occasions 15 male and 15 female @entity1 immersed their index finger in 20  C water for 5 min followed by either 0 or 8  C water for 30 min. Skin temperature, cardiovascular and perceptual data were recorded. Secondary analyses were performed between sexes and comparing 0.5, 1 and 4  C @entity2223 amplitude thresholds. With a 0.5  C threshold, @entity2223 waves were more prevalent in 8  C (2 (1 - 3) than in 0  C (1.5 (0 - 3)), but the amplitude was lower (4.0    2.3 v 9.2    4.0  C). Mean, minimum and maximum finger temperatures were lower in 0  C during the 30 min immersion, and @entity2223 onset and peak time occurred later in 0  C. Thermal sensation was lower and @entity158 sensation was higher in 0  C. There were no differences between males and females in any of the physiological or @entity2223 data with the exception of @entity13519 , which was higher in males. Females reported feeling higher thermal sensations in 8  C and lower @entity158 sensations in 0  C and 8  C compared to males. Fewer @entity2223 responses were observed when using a 4  C (1 (0 - 3)) threshold to quantify a @entity2223 wave compared to using a 1  C (2 (0 - 3)) or 0.5  C (2 (0 - 3)) amplitude. In conclusion, both 0 and 8   C can elicit @entity2223 but 8  C may be more suitable when looking to optimise the number of @entity2223 waves while minimising @entity1 discomfort. The @entity2223 response to water immersion does not appear to be influenced by sex. Researchers should consider the amplitude threshold that was used to determine a @entity2223 wave when interpreting previous data.

title: Cold-Induced Vasodilation during Single Digit Immersion in 0  C and 8  C Water in XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity2223 :: ('MESH:C564791', 'Disease') :: ['CIVD', 'cold-induced vasodilation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study compared the thermal responses of the finger to 0 and 8  C water immersion, two commonly used temperatures for @entity2223 ( @entity2223 ) research. On two separate and counterbalanced occasions 15 male and 15 female @entity1 immersed their index finger in 20  C water for 5 min followed by either 0 or 8  C water for 30 min. Skin temperature, cardiovascular and perceptual data were recorded. Secondary analyses were performed between sexes and comparing 0.5, 1 and 4  C @entity2223 amplitude thresholds. With a 0.5  C threshold, @entity2223 waves were more prevalent in 8  C (2 (1 - 3) than in 0  C (1.5 (0 - 3)), but the amplitude was lower (4.0    2.3 v 9.2    4.0  C). Mean, minimum and maximum finger temperatures were lower in 0  C during the 30 min immersion, and @entity2223 onset and peak time occurred later in 0  C. Thermal sensation was lower and @entity158 sensation was higher in 0  C. There were no differences between males and females in any of the physiological or @entity2223 data with the exception of @entity13519 , which was higher in males. Females reported feeling higher thermal sensations in 8  C and lower @entity158 sensations in 0  C and 8  C compared to males. Fewer @entity2223 responses were observed when using a 4  C (1 (0 - 3)) threshold to quantify a @entity2223 wave compared to using a 1  C (2 (0 - 3)) or 0.5  C (2 (0 - 3)) amplitude. In conclusion, both 0 and 8   C can elicit @entity2223 but 8  C may be more suitable when looking to optimise the number of @entity2223 waves while minimising @entity1 discomfort. The @entity2223 response to water immersion does not appear to be influenced by sex. Researchers should consider the amplitude threshold that was used to determine a @entity2223 wave when interpreting previous data.

title: Cold-Induced Vasodilation during Single Digit Immersion in 0  C and 8  C Water in @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: @entity778 ( @entity778 ) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has strained global healthcare systems throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In addition to plaguing developing nations, it has re-emerged in several developed countries with recent outbreaks in the USA (CDC, 2010), Australia (Hanna et al., 2009), Taiwan (Kuan et al., 2010) and France (La Ruche et al., 2010). @entity778 infection can cause significant disease, including @entity779 , @entity7643 , @entity7643 , and @entity204 . There are no approved vaccines or antiviral therapies to prevent or treat dengue-related illnesses. However, the viral NS2B- @entity984 protease complex provides a strategic target for antiviral drug development since @entity984 protease activity is required for virus replication. Recently, we reported two compounds with inhibitory activity against the @entity778 protease in vitro and antiviral activity against dengue 2 (DEN2V) in cell culture (Tomlinson et al., 2009a). Analogs of one of the lead compounds were purchased, tested in protease inhibition assays, and the data evaluated with detailed kinetic analyses. A structure activity relationship (SAR) identified key atomic determinants (i.e. functional groups) important for inhibitory activity. Four "second series" analogs were selected and tested to validate our SAR and structural models. Here, we report improvements to inhibitory activity ranging between    2- and 60-fold, resulting in selective low micromolar dengue protease inhibitors.

title: Anthracene-based inhibitors of dengue virus NS2B- XXXX protease.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['DENV', 'Dengue virus']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever', 'dengue shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['NS3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity989 ( @entity989 ) stage 3 plus with bevacizumab is still very controversial. We report the outcome of 6 eyes of 4 premature @entity1 with @entity989 stage 3 plus disease treated with ranibizumab monotherapy. METHODS: Six eyes of 4 premature @entity1 with threshold @entity989 3 plus disease in zone II, were treated with one intravitreal injection of 0.03  ml ranibizumab. No prior laser or other intravitreal therapy was done. Fundus examination was performed prior to the intervention and at each follow-up visit. Changes in various mean vital parameters one week post intervention compared to one week pre-intervention were assessed. RESULTS: The gestational age (GA) of @entity1 1, 2, 3, and 4 at birth was 24 5/7, 24 5/7, 24 4/7, and 26 1/7  weeks, respectively. The birth weight was 500 grams, 450 grams, 665 grams, and 745 grams, respectively. The GA at the date of treatment ranged from 34 3/7 to 38 6/7  weeks. In one @entity1 , upper air way infection was observed 2  days post injection of the second eye. Three eyes required paracentesis to reduce the intraocular pressure after injection and to restore central artery perfusion. After six months, all eyes showed @entity2479 without any signs of disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity989 3 plus disease with intravitreal ranibizumab was effective in all cases and should be considered for treatment. One @entity1 developed an upper air way infection suspicious for @entity11266 , which might be a possible side effect of ranibizumab. Another frequent complication was intraocular pressure rise after injection. More @entity1 with longer follow-up duration are mandatory to confirm the safety and efficacy of this treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02164604 ; Date of registration: 13.06.2014.

title: Intravitreal ranibizumab monotherapy to treat XXXX zone II, stage 3 with plus disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity11266 :: ('MESH:D009304', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['complete retinal vascularisation']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity', 'ROP']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few larger studies have evaluated the long-term outcome after a diagnosis of @entity4929 of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), demonstrating a broad range of recurrence and progression rates. Additionally, no study has addressed the outcome of PUNLMP exhibiting inverted growth. We evaluated the long term clinical outcome of primary @entity4929 of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), including PUNLMP with inverted growth in a large single center study. METHODS: We evaluated 189 primary PUNLMP (177 exophytic, 12 inverted), diagnosed from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2009, in a centralized uropathology practice. We excluded PUNLMP diagnosed after a previous or with a concurrent @entity5 . Recurrence was defined as any subsequent @entity5 , regardless of the grade. Progression was defined as any subsequent higher-grade or invasive @entity5 . Recurrence and progression were established only if documented on a subsequent biopsy. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed using Microsof Excel software package. RESULTS: The location of PUNLMP included @entity1494 (1 each). After a median follow-up of 61  months (range, 9-128 months), 20.1% @entity1 developed a recurrence. Recurrence with PUNLMP only was found in 9% of @entity1 . Subsequent low-grade @entity189 was documented in 9.5% of @entity1 . Progression to high-grade @entity189 was found in 1.6% @entity1 (1% with @entity11090 ). No @entity1 with recurrent PUNLMP or subsequent low-grade @entity189 demonstrated invasion. All @entity1 with PUNLMP exhibiting an inverted growth had no recurrence or progression on follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this study, primary PUNLMP recurred primarily either as PUNLMP or low grade @entity189 . Primary PUNLMP rarely progressed to high grade or @entity189 on long term follow-up. No recurrence or progression was documented on follow-up for PUNLMP that demonstrated exclusively inverted growth. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1332825572154074.

title: Long-term outcome of primary XXXX of Low Malignant Potential (PUNLMP) including PUNLMP with inverted growth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['papillary urothelial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder (187) and renal pelvis and ureter']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle invasion']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['Papillary Urothelial Neoplasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2489 remains an important concern in the intensive care unit (ICU). An increasing body of evidence shows that mortality and morbidity can be reduced by implementing a range of preventive strategies, including optimizing oral hygiene. AIM: The aim of this feasibility study was to test two oral hygiene strategies on the effects of microbial colonization of @entity2413 with respiratory pathogens (primary outcome) and incidence of @entity2489 (secondary outcome). METHODS: A single blind randomised comparative study was conducted in a 20-bed adult intensive care unit in a university hospital. @entity1 with an expected duration of mechanical ventilation more than 48 h were eligible. @entity1 were randomised to one of three study regimens (Group A control, second hourly oral rinse with sterile water, Group B sodium bicarbonate mouth wash second hourly, and Group C twice daily irrigations with chlorhexidine 0.2% aqueous oral rinse and second hourly irrigations with sterile water). All study options included cleaning with a toothbrush and non foaming toothpaste. RESULTS: Data from a total of 109 @entity1 were analyzed. Group A 43, Group B 33 and Group C 33 (mean age: 58    17 years, simplified acute physiology score II: 44    14 points). On admission no significant differences were found between groups for all clinical data. While Group B showed a greater trend to reduction in bacterial colonization no significant differences could be demonstrated at Day 4 of admission (p=0.302). The incidence of @entity2489 was evenly spread between Groups B and C (5%) while Group A was only 1%. CONCLUSIONS: While a number of studies have advocated the use of @entity2133 rinses in reducing colonization of @entity2413 a standardized oral hygiene protocol which includes the use of mechanical cleaning with a toothbrush may be a factor in the reduction of colonization of @entity2413 with respiratory pathogens. This feasibility study provides data to inform future adequately powered studies.

title: Effects of three approaches to standardized oral hygiene to reduce bacterial colonization and XXXX in mechanically ventilated @entity1 : a randomised control trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['various mouth']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['Ventilator associated pneumonia', 'ventilator associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2413 :: ('MESH:D003773', 'Disease') :: ['dental plaque']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator associated pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2489 remains an important concern in the intensive care unit (ICU). An increasing body of evidence shows that mortality and morbidity can be reduced by implementing a range of preventive strategies, including optimizing oral hygiene. AIM: The aim of this feasibility study was to test two oral hygiene strategies on the effects of microbial colonization of @entity2413 with respiratory pathogens (primary outcome) and incidence of @entity2489 (secondary outcome). METHODS: A single blind randomised comparative study was conducted in a 20-bed adult intensive care unit in a university hospital. @entity1 with an expected duration of mechanical ventilation more than 48 h were eligible. @entity1 were randomised to one of three study regimens (Group A control, second hourly oral rinse with sterile water, Group B sodium bicarbonate mouth wash second hourly, and Group C twice daily irrigations with chlorhexidine 0.2% aqueous oral rinse and second hourly irrigations with sterile water). All study options included cleaning with a toothbrush and non foaming toothpaste. RESULTS: Data from a total of 109 @entity1 were analyzed. Group A 43, Group B 33 and Group C 33 (mean age: 58    17 years, simplified acute physiology score II: 44    14 points). On admission no significant differences were found between groups for all clinical data. While Group B showed a greater trend to reduction in bacterial colonization no significant differences could be demonstrated at Day 4 of admission (p=0.302). The incidence of @entity2489 was evenly spread between Groups B and C (5%) while Group A was only 1%. CONCLUSIONS: While a number of studies have advocated the use of @entity2133 rinses in reducing colonization of @entity2413 a standardized oral hygiene protocol which includes the use of mechanical cleaning with a toothbrush may be a factor in the reduction of colonization of @entity2413 with respiratory pathogens. This feasibility study provides data to inform future adequately powered studies.

title: Effects of three approaches to standardized oral hygiene to reduce bacterial colonization and @entity2489 in mechanically ventilated XXXX : a randomised control trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Many randomised studies have now well established the role of radiotherapy (RT) in @entity5 : it decreases the rate of local relapse and improves survival for stage II and III. The benefit of RT remains even in case of total mesorectum excision. Preoperative strategy has a better tolerance and is more efficient than post-operative RT. Two schedules have been widely used: an hypofractionated (5   5 Gy) and a normofractionated (45-50 Gy by fractions of 1.8-2 Gy) schedule. Both have advantages and drawbacks. @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 or @entity5 must benefit from a protracted schedule, which increases down staging and the number of sphincter-preserving surgery. Combined chemoradiotherapy with 5FU or @entity416 enhances local control without a clear benefit in overall survival or disease-free survival. Adjunction of @entity901 does not improve the pathological response rate significantly. Results with cetuximab are still disappointing. Bevacizumab seems to increase widely the radiation response, but more data are needed to confirm these preliminary results. With this modern approach, the rate of local relapse is lower than 10%; the main issue is now the occurrence of distant relapses in 25-30% of the @entity1 . Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) seems the better way to address this issue, because post-operative CT could be done properly in only 50% of the @entity1 . Large prospective trials using neo-adjuvant CT with or without targeted therapies must be designed taking distant relapses and overall survival as main end-points.

title: Adjuvant radiotherapy for XXXX : recent results, new questions.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low-lying cancer', 'tumours', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Superobesity, through organomegaly, excessive @entity1386 , and associated severe co-morbidities, is a recognized risk factor for bariatric surgery. Our study examined the utility of preoperative @entity353 with a liquid @entity258 ( @entity258 ) as a method of risk reduction. METHODS: All @entity1 with a body mass index (BMI) >50 kg/m(2) were instructed to consume a @entity258 (800 kcal/d) with the goal of losing >= 10% of their body weight. The co-morbidities were monitored. The abdominal wall depth and cross-sectional areas of @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) at 12 and 20 cm below the costal margin, @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), and liver volume were measured, using computed tomography, at baseline and after completion of the @entity258 . Laparoscopic gastric bypass was performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The study included 30 @entity1 (27 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 53 years (range 34-53). The mean BMI was reduced from 56 kg/m(2) (range 50-69) at baseline to 49 kg/m(2) (range 43-60) after an average of 9 weeks of the @entity258 . The @entity1386 decreased from a mean of 388 cm(2) to 342 cm(2). The abdominal wall depth decreased from 3.6 to 3.2 cm at 12 cm below the costal margin and from 3.7 to 3.4 cm at 20 cm. The mean @entity1386 at both 12 and 20 cm below the costal margin had decreased from 577 cm(2) and 687 cm(2) to 509 cm(2) and 614 cm(2), respectively. The liver volume was reduced by 18%. All co-morbidities were well controlled at @entity258 completion. No @entity1 died, and 2 minor complications occurred postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The results of our study have shown that preoperative @entity258 is a safe and effective tool leading to a significant decrease in liver volume and abdominal wall depth, as well as a reduction in both @entity1386 and @entity1386 . Its use might contribute to improved short-term surgical outcomes in high-risk superobese @entity1 .

title: Preoperative XXXX in high-risk superobese bariatric @entity1 : a computed tomography-based analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-calorie diet', 'LCD']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'visceral adipose tissue', 'SAT', 'adiposity', 'VAT']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Superobesity, through organomegaly, excessive @entity1386 , and associated severe co-morbidities, is a recognized risk factor for bariatric surgery. Our study examined the utility of preoperative @entity353 with a liquid @entity258 ( @entity258 ) as a method of risk reduction. METHODS: All @entity1 with a body mass index (BMI) >50 kg/m(2) were instructed to consume a @entity258 (800 kcal/d) with the goal of losing >= 10% of their body weight. The co-morbidities were monitored. The abdominal wall depth and cross-sectional areas of @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) at 12 and 20 cm below the costal margin, @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), and liver volume were measured, using computed tomography, at baseline and after completion of the @entity258 . Laparoscopic gastric bypass was performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The study included 30 @entity1 (27 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 53 years (range 34-53). The mean BMI was reduced from 56 kg/m(2) (range 50-69) at baseline to 49 kg/m(2) (range 43-60) after an average of 9 weeks of the @entity258 . The @entity1386 decreased from a mean of 388 cm(2) to 342 cm(2). The abdominal wall depth decreased from 3.6 to 3.2 cm at 12 cm below the costal margin and from 3.7 to 3.4 cm at 20 cm. The mean @entity1386 at both 12 and 20 cm below the costal margin had decreased from 577 cm(2) and 687 cm(2) to 509 cm(2) and 614 cm(2), respectively. The liver volume was reduced by 18%. All co-morbidities were well controlled at @entity258 completion. No @entity1 died, and 2 minor complications occurred postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The results of our study have shown that preoperative @entity258 is a safe and effective tool leading to a significant decrease in liver volume and abdominal wall depth, as well as a reduction in both @entity1386 and @entity1386 . Its use might contribute to improved short-term surgical outcomes in high-risk superobese @entity1 .

title: Preoperative @entity353 in high-risk superobese bariatric XXXX : a computed tomography-based analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']