abstract: BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the association between serum @entity165 level and @entity1144 in adult @entity1 and @entity1 in the north of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on the 1956 subjects (990 @entity1 and 966 @entity1 ) between 25 and 65 years old chosen by cluster sampling. Plasma @entity165 was measured in the morning after a 12 h fast and determined by auto-analyzer. @entity1007 ( @entity1007 ) was defined by a total plasma @entity165 level over 200 mg/dl. Waist circumference >= 102 cm and >= 88 cm in @entity1 and @entity1 were defined as @entity1144 . SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis and P < 0.05 considered as statistical significance. RESULTS: Averagely, the mean of age was 44.2 years and mean    standard deviation of plasma total @entity165 level was 203    11.3 mg/dl. The @entity1007 was seen in 50.8% of subjects with a more common in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Compared with normal subjects, in @entity1144 @entity1 , the odds ratio (OR) of @entity1007 was (OR = 4.208 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.939-9.130]) and (OR = 3.956 [95% CI: 1.821-8.592]) in @entity1 aged 25-35 and 35-45 years, respectively. In @entity1 aged 25-35 years, it was (OR = 3.444 [95% CI: 1.959-6.056]) in @entity1144 compared with normal subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity1007 was revealed as a major health problem among adults, and it was associated with @entity1144 especially in the early middle-age in the north of Iran. This association was not significant in @entity1 and @entity1 after the age of 45 and 35, respectively.

title: The association between @entity1144 and serum XXXX level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity', 'abdominal obese']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['HC', 'Hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the association between serum @entity165 level and @entity1144 in adult @entity1 and @entity1 in the north of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on the 1956 subjects (990 @entity1 and 966 @entity1 ) between 25 and 65 years old chosen by cluster sampling. Plasma @entity165 was measured in the morning after a 12 h fast and determined by auto-analyzer. @entity1007 ( @entity1007 ) was defined by a total plasma @entity165 level over 200 mg/dl. Waist circumference >= 102 cm and >= 88 cm in @entity1 and @entity1 were defined as @entity1144 . SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis and P < 0.05 considered as statistical significance. RESULTS: Averagely, the mean of age was 44.2 years and mean    standard deviation of plasma total @entity165 level was 203    11.3 mg/dl. The @entity1007 was seen in 50.8% of subjects with a more common in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Compared with normal subjects, in @entity1144 @entity1 , the odds ratio (OR) of @entity1007 was (OR = 4.208 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.939-9.130]) and (OR = 3.956 [95% CI: 1.821-8.592]) in @entity1 aged 25-35 and 35-45 years, respectively. In @entity1 aged 25-35 years, it was (OR = 3.444 [95% CI: 1.959-6.056]) in @entity1144 compared with normal subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity1007 was revealed as a major health problem among adults, and it was associated with @entity1144 especially in the early middle-age in the north of Iran. This association was not significant in @entity1 and @entity1 after the age of 45 and 35, respectively.

title: The association between XXXX and serum @entity165 level.

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['abdominal obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary orthostatic @entity400 (OT) is a rare @entity16 of unknown pathophysiology characterized by a high-frequency @entity400 mainly of the legs when standing. The aim of this study was to examine its long-term course by subjective estimation and objective recording by serial posturography and to obtain further standardized epidemiological and clinical data on @entity1 with OT. METHODS: A clinical cohort of 37 @entity1 with the diagnosis of primary OT was screened for this longitudinal follow-up study. Eighteen @entity1 consented to participate. During study visit all @entity1 underwent a standardized neurological examination and completed subjective scales and scores. Posturographic recordings at follow-up were compared to prior clinical posturographic measurements in 15cases. RESULTS: In our cohort the mean duration of symptoms was 14.1      6.8 years. Subjectively, 78% of @entity1 reported progression of the disease. Posturographic data (5.4      4.0 years) revealed a significant increase of the total sway path (standing on firm ground with eyes open) from 2.4      1.3 to 3.4      1.4  m/min (p  =  0.022) and of the total root mean square values from 9.8      4.3 to 12.4      4.8  mm (p  =  0.028). None of these observations are explained by aging of the @entity1 . Mean frequency of the @entity400 did not change over time (14.7      1.9  Hz vs. 14.9      2.0  Hz at follow-up). Clinically, most @entity1 had signs of @entity76 and a substantial portion also showed proprioceptive deficits in the long-term course. CONCLUSIONS: This long-term follow-up study indicates, that primary OT is a progressive disorder. Furthermore, the clinical observation of @entity76 in most OT @entity1 in the long-term course might indicate an important role of the cerebellum in its pathophysiology.

title: Long-term course of orthostatic XXXX in serial posturographic measurement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2162 ( @entity2162 ) plays a crucial role in @entity565 pathophysiology by regulating, processes of the lung function, and clinical response to bronchodilators. The @entity70699 - @entity29448 polymorphism in the gene encoding b2 adrenergic receptor ( @entity2162 ) has been associated with receptor non-responsiveness after b2-agonist exposure. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the possible association of @entity29448 polymorphism with @entity565 susceptibility, pharmacogenetic response to @entity3045 , and varying degrees of disease severity. Three hundred ninety-eight clinically diagnosed @entity1 and 456 healthy controls were enrolled for the study. @entity1 were classified into severity classes according to Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. To assess bronchodilator response, spirometry was performed before and 15  min after @entity3045 (200   g) delivery. Responders to @entity3045 were categorized if percentage reversibility was greater than or equal to 12  % in them, while those showing reversibility less than 12  % were classified as non-responders. Genotyping was carried out by ARMS-PCR technique. Statistical methods were applied to test for the significance of the results. In the present study, there was lack of significant association of polymorphism with disease susceptibility as well as with bronchodilator response. The polymorphism was not associated with mild and moderate @entity565 subtypes; however, there was a notable association with severe @entity565 subtype. In addition, the polymorphism was associated with severe @entity565 compared to subtypes of mild and moderate @entity565 combined. In a South Indian population, the @entity2162 Arg/ @entity4022 may not form a susceptible variant to develop @entity565 nor can be a standard predictive marker to bronchodilator response; nevertheless, the patterns in @entity565 severity can be predicted by analyzing this variant.

title: Analysis of XXXX (Arg16Gly) Gene Variant with Susceptibility, Pharmacogenetic Response and Disease Severity in South Indian Asthmatics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['ADRB2', 'b2-Adrenergic receptor', 'b2-AR']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['Salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity29448 :: ('p|SUB|G|16|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly16Arg']

answer: @entity2162 :: (154,Gene) :: ['ADRB2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The development of both type I and @entity2175 after initiation of some atypical neuroleptics has been reported, primarily in studies involving small series of @entity1 . This study used administrative data from a large national sample of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity161 to compare the prevalence of @entity6 in @entity1 receiving prescriptions for atypical and typical neuroleptics. METHOD: All outpatients with @entity161 treated with typical and atypical neuroleptics over 4 months in 1999 in the Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) were included in this study. @entity1 treated with atypical neuroleptics were those who received prescriptions for @entity1088 , @entity1037 , @entity1090 , or @entity1089 . @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity6 were also identified by using ICD-9 codes in VA administrative databases. The prevalence of @entity6 across age groups and among @entity1 receiving prescriptions for different atypical neuroleptics was examined with multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 38,632 @entity1 were included in the study: 15,984 (41.4%) received typical neuroleptics and 22,648 (58.6%) received any atypical neuroleptic (1,207 [5.3%] received @entity1088 ; 10,970 [48.4%], @entity1037 ; 955 [4.2%], @entity1089 ; and 9,903 [43.7%], @entity1090 ; 387 @entity1 received prescriptions for more than one atypical neuroleptic). When the effects of age were controlled, @entity1 who received atypical neuroleptics were 9% more likely to have @entity6 than those who received typical neuroleptics, and the prevalence of @entity6 was significantly increased for @entity1 who received @entity1088 , @entity1037 , and @entity1089 , but not @entity1090 . However, for @entity1 less than 40 years old, all of the atypical neuroleptics were associated with a significantly increased prevalence of @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: In this large group of @entity1 with @entity161 , receipt of a prescription for atypical neuroleptics was significantly associated with @entity6 .

title: Association of @entity6 with use of atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The development of both type I and @entity2175 after initiation of some atypical neuroleptics has been reported, primarily in studies involving small series of @entity1 . This study used administrative data from a large national sample of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity161 to compare the prevalence of @entity6 in @entity1 receiving prescriptions for atypical and typical neuroleptics. METHOD: All outpatients with @entity161 treated with typical and atypical neuroleptics over 4 months in 1999 in the Veterans Health Administration of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) were included in this study. @entity1 treated with atypical neuroleptics were those who received prescriptions for @entity1088 , @entity1037 , @entity1090 , or @entity1089 . @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity6 were also identified by using ICD-9 codes in VA administrative databases. The prevalence of @entity6 across age groups and among @entity1 receiving prescriptions for different atypical neuroleptics was examined with multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 38,632 @entity1 were included in the study: 15,984 (41.4%) received typical neuroleptics and 22,648 (58.6%) received any atypical neuroleptic (1,207 [5.3%] received @entity1088 ; 10,970 [48.4%], @entity1037 ; 955 [4.2%], @entity1089 ; and 9,903 [43.7%], @entity1090 ; 387 @entity1 received prescriptions for more than one atypical neuroleptic). When the effects of age were controlled, @entity1 who received atypical neuroleptics were 9% more likely to have @entity6 than those who received typical neuroleptics, and the prevalence of @entity6 was significantly increased for @entity1 who received @entity1088 , @entity1037 , and @entity1089 , but not @entity1090 . However, for @entity1 less than 40 years old, all of the atypical neuroleptics were associated with a significantly increased prevalence of @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: In this large group of @entity1 with @entity161 , receipt of a prescription for atypical neuroleptics was significantly associated with @entity6 .

title: Association of XXXX with use of atypical neuroleptics in the treatment of @entity161 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: AIM: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is likely to improve therapy and prognosis. The study objective was to evaluate the usefulness of a programme for early diagnosis of @entity955 in @entity1 from an urban primary care centre. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 were recruited from a randomized sample of @entity1 not diagnosed with @entity955 but having relevant risk factors: age >=  65 years, ischaemic and/or @entity340 , @entity712 , @entity101 , and/or @entity6 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG) or control group (CG). The intervention included (i) initial visit with clinical history, electrocardiogram, and instruction about pulse palpation and warning signs and (ii) electrocardiogram every 6 months during a 2-year follow-up. The main endpoint of the study was the proportion of new cases diagnosed at 6 months. Secondary endpoints were number of new @entity955 diagnoses and complications associated with the @entity943 in both groups. A total of 928 @entity1 were included (463 IG and 465 CG). At 6 months, @entity955 was diagnosed in 8 IG @entity1 and 1 CG @entity1 (1.7 vs. 0.2%, respectively, P = 0.018). After 2 years of follow-up, 11 IG @entity1 and 6 CG @entity1 had newly diagnosed @entity955 (2.5 vs. 1.3%, respectively, P = 0.132). Time to first diagnosis of @entity955 was shorter in IG @entity1 [median (inter-quartile range): 7 (192) days vs. 227 (188.5) days in CG, P = 0.029]. CONCLUSION: The simple screening proposed could be useful for the early detection of @entity955 in primary care.

title: EARLY: a pilot study on early diagnosis of XXXX in a primary healthcare centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between medial temporal lobe @entity194 (MTA) and @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) remains unclear. We examined this relationship using voxel-based specific regional analysis system for @entity195 (VSRAD) advance software, which allowed us to quantify the degree of MTA on images obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1832 were recruited and scanned with a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. All MRI data were analyzed using VSRAD advance. The target volume of interest (VOI) included the entire region of the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. The degree of MTA was obtained from the averaged positive z-score (Z score) on the target VOI, with higher scores indicating more severe MTA. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Revised Hasegawa @entity303 Scale (HDS-R), which strengthened the measures of memory and language more than MMSE, were used to assess the presence of @entity73 . RESULTS: A negative correlation was found between the Z score and MMSE total scores or the HDS-R total scores. A stepwise multiple regression analysis performed to adjust the covariate effects of sex, age, the onset age of the disease, duration of @entity1832 , years of education, and @entity8124 treatment showed that the HDS-R total scores were independently associated with the Z score, whereas MMSE total scores were not. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MTA is related to @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity1832 , particularly the regions of orientation, immediate and delayed recall, and word fluency.

title: The Relationship Between Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy and XXXX in @entity1 With @entity303 With Lewy Bodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['dementia with Lewy bodies', 'DLB']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between medial temporal lobe @entity194 (MTA) and @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) remains unclear. We examined this relationship using voxel-based specific regional analysis system for @entity195 (VSRAD) advance software, which allowed us to quantify the degree of MTA on images obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1832 were recruited and scanned with a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. All MRI data were analyzed using VSRAD advance. The target volume of interest (VOI) included the entire region of the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. The degree of MTA was obtained from the averaged positive z-score (Z score) on the target VOI, with higher scores indicating more severe MTA. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Revised Hasegawa @entity303 Scale (HDS-R), which strengthened the measures of memory and language more than MMSE, were used to assess the presence of @entity73 . RESULTS: A negative correlation was found between the Z score and MMSE total scores or the HDS-R total scores. A stepwise multiple regression analysis performed to adjust the covariate effects of sex, age, the onset age of the disease, duration of @entity1832 , years of education, and @entity8124 treatment showed that the HDS-R total scores were independently associated with the Z score, whereas MMSE total scores were not. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MTA is related to @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity1832 , particularly the regions of orientation, immediate and delayed recall, and word fluency.

title: The Relationship Between Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy and @entity73 in @entity1 With XXXX With Lewy Bodies.

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between medial temporal lobe @entity194 (MTA) and @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) remains unclear. We examined this relationship using voxel-based specific regional analysis system for @entity195 (VSRAD) advance software, which allowed us to quantify the degree of MTA on images obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1832 were recruited and scanned with a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner. All MRI data were analyzed using VSRAD advance. The target volume of interest (VOI) included the entire region of the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. The degree of MTA was obtained from the averaged positive z-score (Z score) on the target VOI, with higher scores indicating more severe MTA. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Revised Hasegawa @entity303 Scale (HDS-R), which strengthened the measures of memory and language more than MMSE, were used to assess the presence of @entity73 . RESULTS: A negative correlation was found between the Z score and MMSE total scores or the HDS-R total scores. A stepwise multiple regression analysis performed to adjust the covariate effects of sex, age, the onset age of the disease, duration of @entity1832 , years of education, and @entity8124 treatment showed that the HDS-R total scores were independently associated with the Z score, whereas MMSE total scores were not. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that MTA is related to @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity1832 , particularly the regions of orientation, immediate and delayed recall, and word fluency.

title: The Relationship Between Medial Temporal Lobe Atrophy and @entity73 in XXXX With @entity303 With Lewy Bodies.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of growing @entity95 fed diets with different levels of either Leucaena leucocephala (LLM) or Moringa oleifera (MOLM) leaf meals and also to compare total collection and @entity3759 marker methods for estimating digestibility. A total of 30 @entity7452 growing @entity95 (1.81  0.19 kg live weight on average) were randomly distributed into five experimental groups of six @entity95 each and were housed in individual cages. The groups were control, 30% LLM, 40% LLM, 30% MOLM, and 40% MOLM. All groups received pelleted diets for two weeks; diets also contained 4 g/kg @entity6701 as dietary marker. Daily feed intake was recorded during the whole experimental period and total feces were collected daily and weighed individually during four days. The results showed that there were no difference (p>0.05) in feed, @entity62 ( @entity62 ), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), digestible energy, and @entity8249 ( @entity8249 ) intake between the control group and the other experimental groups. The apparent digestibility values of @entity62 , OM, CP, @entity8249 , acid detergent fiber, and gross energy were the highest for control group (p = 0.001), meanwhile MOLM diets had generally higher nutrient digestibility coefficients than LLM diets. Increasing the inclusion level of leaf meal in the diet from 30% to 40% improved the digestibility of @entity8249 from 45.02% to 51.69% for LLM and from 48.11% to 55.89% for MOLM. Similar results for apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients were obtained when either total collection or indigestible marker method was used. In conclusion, the digestibility of MOLM containing diets were better than LLM diets, furthermore @entity3759 as an external marker could be used as a simple, practical and reliable method to estimate nutrients digestibility in @entity95 diets.

title: Estimating Apparent Nutrient Digestibility of Diets Containing Leucaena leucocephala or Moringa oleifera Leaf Meals for Growing XXXX by Two Methods.

entities_list: @entity8249 :: ('MESH:D004916', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'crude fiber']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbits']


abstract: AIM: Using bacterial, @entity375 , or @entity1 cell expressing a @entity1 drug metabolism enzyme would seem good way to study drug metabolism-related problems. @entity1 cytochrome P-450 2C9( @entity5060 ) is a polymorphic enzyme responsible for the metabolism of a large number of clinically important drugs. It ranks among the most important drug metabolizing enzymes in @entity1 . In order to provide a sufficient amount of the enzyme for drug metabolic research, the @entity5060 cDNA was cloned and expressed stably in @entity978 cells. METHODS: After extraction of total RNA from @entity1 liver tissue, the @entity1 @entity5060 cDNA was amplified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and cloned into cloning vector pGEM-T. The cDNA fragment was identified by DNA sequencing and subcloned into a @entity1 expression vector pREP9. A transgenic cell line was established by transfecting the recombinant vector of pREP9- @entity5060 into @entity978 cells. The enzyme activity of @entity5060 catalyzing oxidation of @entity11243 to @entity70700 in S9 fraction of the cell was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). RESULTS: The @entity3689 sequence predicted from the cDNA segment was identical to that of @entity5060 *1, the wild type @entity5060 . However, there were two base differences, i.e. @entity70701 , @entity70702 , but the encoding @entity3689 sequence was the same, L7, P382. The S9 fraction of the established cell line metabolizes @entity11243 to @entity70700 ; @entity11243 hydroxylase activity was found to be 0.465 +/- 0.109 micromol.min(-1).g(-1) S9 protein or 8.62 +/- 2.02mol.min(-1).mol(-1) @entity13323 , but was undetectable in parental @entity978 cell. CONCLUSION: The cDNA of @entity1 @entity5060 was successfully cloned and a cell line of @entity978 - @entity5060 , efficiently expressing the protein of @entity5060 , was established.

title: Cloning of cytochrome P-450 2C9 cDNA from @entity1 liver and its expression in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity70700 :: ('CHEBI:63799', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxy tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['CHL']


abstract: AIM: Using bacterial, @entity375 , or @entity1 cell expressing a @entity1 drug metabolism enzyme would seem good way to study drug metabolism-related problems. @entity1 cytochrome P-450 2C9( @entity5060 ) is a polymorphic enzyme responsible for the metabolism of a large number of clinically important drugs. It ranks among the most important drug metabolizing enzymes in @entity1 . In order to provide a sufficient amount of the enzyme for drug metabolic research, the @entity5060 cDNA was cloned and expressed stably in @entity978 cells. METHODS: After extraction of total RNA from @entity1 liver tissue, the @entity1 @entity5060 cDNA was amplified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and cloned into cloning vector pGEM-T. The cDNA fragment was identified by DNA sequencing and subcloned into a @entity1 expression vector pREP9. A transgenic cell line was established by transfecting the recombinant vector of pREP9- @entity5060 into @entity978 cells. The enzyme activity of @entity5060 catalyzing oxidation of @entity11243 to @entity70700 in S9 fraction of the cell was determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). RESULTS: The @entity3689 sequence predicted from the cDNA segment was identical to that of @entity5060 *1, the wild type @entity5060 . However, there were two base differences, i.e. @entity70701 , @entity70702 , but the encoding @entity3689 sequence was the same, L7, P382. The S9 fraction of the established cell line metabolizes @entity11243 to @entity70700 ; @entity11243 hydroxylase activity was found to be 0.465 +/- 0.109 micromol.min(-1).g(-1) S9 protein or 8.62 +/- 2.02mol.min(-1).mol(-1) @entity13323 , but was undetectable in parental @entity978 cell. CONCLUSION: The cDNA of @entity1 @entity5060 was successfully cloned and a cell line of @entity978 - @entity5060 , efficiently expressing the protein of @entity5060 , was established.

title: Cloning of cytochrome P-450 2C9 cDNA from XXXX liver and its expression in @entity978 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To observe the regulatory effect of Chinese herbal medicine on peritoneal lymphatic stomata and its significance in treating @entity843 in @entity1575 model @entity19 . METHODS: Two Chinese herbal composite prescriptions were used separately to treat the @entity4314 -induced @entity19 model of @entity1575 . The histo-pathologic changes of the liver sections (HE and VG stainings) were observed. The peritoneal lymphatic stomata was detected by scanning electron microscopy and computer image processing. The changes of urinary volume and @entity1372 ion concentration were measured. RESULTS: In the model group, lots of fibrous tissue formed in liver and extended into the hepatic lobules to separate them incompletely. In the treated and prevention groups, the histo-pathologic changes of liver was rather milder, only showed much less fibrous tissue proliferation in the hepatic lobules. The peritoneal lymphatic stomata enlarged with increased density in the experimental groups (diameter: PA, 3.07 +/- 0.69 microm; PB, 2.82 +/- 0.37 microm; TA, 3.25 +/- 0.82 microm and @entity1906 , 2.82 +/- 0.56 microm; density: PA, 7.11 +/- 1.90 stomata.1000 microm(-2); PB, 8.76 +/- 1.45 stomata.1000 microm(-2); TA, 6.55 +/- 1.44 stomata.1000 microm(-2)and @entity1906 , 8.76+/-1.79 stomata.1000 microm(-2)), as compared with the model group (diameter: 2.00+/-0.52 microm density: 4.45+/-1.05 stomata.1000 microm(-2)). After treatment, the urinary volume and @entity1372 ion excretion increased in the experimental groups (PA, 231.28+/-41.09 mmol.L(-1); PB, 171.69 +/- 27.48 mmol.L(-1) and TA, 231.44 +/- 34.12 mmol.L(-1)), which were significantly different with those in the model group (129.33 +/- 36.75 mmol.L(-1)). CONCLUSION: Chinese herbal medicine has marked effects in alleviating @entity1575 , regulating peritoneal lymphatic stomata, improving the drainage of @entity843 from peritoneal cavity and causing increase of urinary volume and @entity1372 ion excretion to reduce the water and @entity1372 retention, and thus have favorable therapeutic effect in treating @entity843 .

title: Regulating effect of Chinese herbal medicine on the peritoneal lymphatic stomata in enhancing XXXX absorption of experimental hepatofibrotic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: AIM: To observe the regulatory effect of Chinese herbal medicine on peritoneal lymphatic stomata and its significance in treating @entity843 in @entity1575 model @entity19 . METHODS: Two Chinese herbal composite prescriptions were used separately to treat the @entity4314 -induced @entity19 model of @entity1575 . The histo-pathologic changes of the liver sections (HE and VG stainings) were observed. The peritoneal lymphatic stomata was detected by scanning electron microscopy and computer image processing. The changes of urinary volume and @entity1372 ion concentration were measured. RESULTS: In the model group, lots of fibrous tissue formed in liver and extended into the hepatic lobules to separate them incompletely. In the treated and prevention groups, the histo-pathologic changes of liver was rather milder, only showed much less fibrous tissue proliferation in the hepatic lobules. The peritoneal lymphatic stomata enlarged with increased density in the experimental groups (diameter: PA, 3.07 +/- 0.69 microm; PB, 2.82 +/- 0.37 microm; TA, 3.25 +/- 0.82 microm and @entity1906 , 2.82 +/- 0.56 microm; density: PA, 7.11 +/- 1.90 stomata.1000 microm(-2); PB, 8.76 +/- 1.45 stomata.1000 microm(-2); TA, 6.55 +/- 1.44 stomata.1000 microm(-2)and @entity1906 , 8.76+/-1.79 stomata.1000 microm(-2)), as compared with the model group (diameter: 2.00+/-0.52 microm density: 4.45+/-1.05 stomata.1000 microm(-2)). After treatment, the urinary volume and @entity1372 ion excretion increased in the experimental groups (PA, 231.28+/-41.09 mmol.L(-1); PB, 171.69 +/- 27.48 mmol.L(-1) and TA, 231.44 +/- 34.12 mmol.L(-1)), which were significantly different with those in the model group (129.33 +/- 36.75 mmol.L(-1)). CONCLUSION: Chinese herbal medicine has marked effects in alleviating @entity1575 , regulating peritoneal lymphatic stomata, improving the drainage of @entity843 from peritoneal cavity and causing increase of urinary volume and @entity1372 ion excretion to reduce the water and @entity1372 retention, and thus have favorable therapeutic effect in treating @entity843 .

title: Regulating effect of Chinese herbal medicine on the peritoneal lymphatic stomata in enhancing @entity843 absorption of experimental hepatofibrotic XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In the present study, we examined the feasibility of using recombinant antibodies containing @entity19 variable regions and @entity1 constant regions as calibrators or controls in immunoassays. As a model system, we chose the Abbott IMx Toxo immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Toxo IgG assays designed to detect antibodies to @entity3204 . Two mouse monoclonal antibodies were selected based on their reactivity to the T. gondii antigens @entity9510 and @entity19490 . Heavy- and light-chain variable-region genes were cloned from both hybridomas and transferred into immunoglobulin expression vectors containing @entity1 kappa and IgG1 or IgM constant regions. The constructs were stably transfected into Sp2/0-Ag14 cells. In the IMx Toxo IgG assay, immunoreactivity of the anti- @entity9510 chimeric IgG1 antibody paralleled that of the positive @entity1 plasma-derived assay calibrators. Signal generated with the anti- @entity19490 chimeric IgG1 antibody was observed to plateau below the maximal reactivity observed for the assay calibrator. Examination of the IgM chimeric antibodies in the IMx Toxo IgM assay revealed that both the anti- @entity9510 and anti- @entity19490 antibodies matched the assay index calibrator manufactured with @entity1 Toxo IgM-positive plasma. When evaluated with @entity1 samples, the correlation between results obtained with the chimeric antibody calibrators and the positive @entity1 plasma calibrators was > or =0.985. These data demonstrate that chimeric mouse-human antibodies are a viable alternative to high-titer positive @entity1 plasma for the manufacture of calibrators and controls for diagnostic assays.

title: Recombinant @entity19 -human chimeric antibodies as calibrators in immunoassays that measure antibodies to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: In the present study, we examined the feasibility of using recombinant antibodies containing @entity19 variable regions and @entity1 constant regions as calibrators or controls in immunoassays. As a model system, we chose the Abbott IMx Toxo immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Toxo IgG assays designed to detect antibodies to @entity3204 . Two mouse monoclonal antibodies were selected based on their reactivity to the T. gondii antigens @entity9510 and @entity19490 . Heavy- and light-chain variable-region genes were cloned from both hybridomas and transferred into immunoglobulin expression vectors containing @entity1 kappa and IgG1 or IgM constant regions. The constructs were stably transfected into Sp2/0-Ag14 cells. In the IMx Toxo IgG assay, immunoreactivity of the anti- @entity9510 chimeric IgG1 antibody paralleled that of the positive @entity1 plasma-derived assay calibrators. Signal generated with the anti- @entity19490 chimeric IgG1 antibody was observed to plateau below the maximal reactivity observed for the assay calibrator. Examination of the IgM chimeric antibodies in the IMx Toxo IgM assay revealed that both the anti- @entity9510 and anti- @entity19490 antibodies matched the assay index calibrator manufactured with @entity1 Toxo IgM-positive plasma. When evaluated with @entity1 samples, the correlation between results obtained with the chimeric antibody calibrators and the positive @entity1 plasma calibrators was > or =0.985. These data demonstrate that chimeric mouse-human antibodies are a viable alternative to high-titer positive @entity1 plasma for the manufacture of calibrators and controls for diagnostic assays.

title: Recombinant XXXX -human chimeric antibodies as calibrators in immunoassays that measure antibodies to @entity3204 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity22487 ( @entity6514 ) deficiency leading to @entity2431 has been related to @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ). Here we investigate whether @entity6514 is related to clinical profiles and vasoactive factors in early onset severe @entity1468 @entity1 . METHODS: 28 severe @entity1468 @entity1 and 20 uncomplicated normal pregnant @entity1 , with gestational weeks between 24 and 32weeks, were recruited. All cases and controls had singleton pregnancies and were matched for maternal age, parity, body mass index, and gestational weeks. Plasma levels of @entity6514 , @entity53 (E2), soluble Fms-like @entity4149 kinase-1 (sFLT-1), @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ), @entity842 (NO) were determined. RESULTS: @entity1468 @entity1 had significant lower @entity6514 [906(422-1768) vs. 2032(1400-2910)pg/mL, P=0.002], higher sFLT-1 [5.55(3.24-11.22) vs. 3.13(2.17-5.36)ng/mL, P=0.015] and higher NO [122.40(72.92-168.23) vs. 45.83(25.52-61.46) mol/L, P=0.0008] levels in their plasma than the controls. In the @entity1468 group, plasma @entity6514 level correlated negatively with systolic pressure (r=-0.48, P=0.012), diastolic pressure (r=-0.52, P=0.007) and mean arterial pressure (r=-0.54, P=0.005) even after controlling for maternal age; @entity6514 level did not correlate with @entity644 , plasma levels of E2, sFLT-1, @entity2232 or NO. In the control group, plasma @entity6514 level did not correlate with any of the above clinical profiles or laboratory measurements. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6514 levels were markedly lower in early onset severe @entity1468 and they correlated inversely with blood pressure only in @entity1 with @entity1468 . Although we cannot tell whether lower @entity6514 level is the causation or the result of @entity1468 , our study provides clinical evidences that @entity6514 deficiency is strongly related to @entity101 in early onset severe @entity1468 @entity1 .

title: XXXX deficiency is strongly related to @entity101 in early onset severe @entity1468 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity22487 :: ('MESH:C022830', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Methoxyestradiol']

entities_list: @entity2431 :: ('MESH:D010927', 'Disease') :: ['placental insufficiency']

answer: @entity22487 :: (MESH:C022830,Chemical) :: ['2-Methoxyestradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity22487 ( @entity6514 ) deficiency leading to @entity2431 has been related to @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ). Here we investigate whether @entity6514 is related to clinical profiles and vasoactive factors in early onset severe @entity1468 @entity1 . METHODS: 28 severe @entity1468 @entity1 and 20 uncomplicated normal pregnant @entity1 , with gestational weeks between 24 and 32weeks, were recruited. All cases and controls had singleton pregnancies and were matched for maternal age, parity, body mass index, and gestational weeks. Plasma levels of @entity6514 , @entity53 (E2), soluble Fms-like @entity4149 kinase-1 (sFLT-1), @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ), @entity842 (NO) were determined. RESULTS: @entity1468 @entity1 had significant lower @entity6514 [906(422-1768) vs. 2032(1400-2910)pg/mL, P=0.002], higher sFLT-1 [5.55(3.24-11.22) vs. 3.13(2.17-5.36)ng/mL, P=0.015] and higher NO [122.40(72.92-168.23) vs. 45.83(25.52-61.46) mol/L, P=0.0008] levels in their plasma than the controls. In the @entity1468 group, plasma @entity6514 level correlated negatively with systolic pressure (r=-0.48, P=0.012), diastolic pressure (r=-0.52, P=0.007) and mean arterial pressure (r=-0.54, P=0.005) even after controlling for maternal age; @entity6514 level did not correlate with @entity644 , plasma levels of E2, sFLT-1, @entity2232 or NO. In the control group, plasma @entity6514 level did not correlate with any of the above clinical profiles or laboratory measurements. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6514 levels were markedly lower in early onset severe @entity1468 and they correlated inversely with blood pressure only in @entity1 with @entity1468 . Although we cannot tell whether lower @entity6514 level is the causation or the result of @entity1468 , our study provides clinical evidences that @entity6514 deficiency is strongly related to @entity101 in early onset severe @entity1468 @entity1 .

title: @entity22487 deficiency is strongly related to @entity101 in early onset severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity22487 ( @entity6514 ) deficiency leading to @entity2431 has been related to @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ). Here we investigate whether @entity6514 is related to clinical profiles and vasoactive factors in early onset severe @entity1468 @entity1 . METHODS: 28 severe @entity1468 @entity1 and 20 uncomplicated normal pregnant @entity1 , with gestational weeks between 24 and 32weeks, were recruited. All cases and controls had singleton pregnancies and were matched for maternal age, parity, body mass index, and gestational weeks. Plasma levels of @entity6514 , @entity53 (E2), soluble Fms-like @entity4149 kinase-1 (sFLT-1), @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ), @entity842 (NO) were determined. RESULTS: @entity1468 @entity1 had significant lower @entity6514 [906(422-1768) vs. 2032(1400-2910)pg/mL, P=0.002], higher sFLT-1 [5.55(3.24-11.22) vs. 3.13(2.17-5.36)ng/mL, P=0.015] and higher NO [122.40(72.92-168.23) vs. 45.83(25.52-61.46) mol/L, P=0.0008] levels in their plasma than the controls. In the @entity1468 group, plasma @entity6514 level correlated negatively with systolic pressure (r=-0.48, P=0.012), diastolic pressure (r=-0.52, P=0.007) and mean arterial pressure (r=-0.54, P=0.005) even after controlling for maternal age; @entity6514 level did not correlate with @entity644 , plasma levels of E2, sFLT-1, @entity2232 or NO. In the control group, plasma @entity6514 level did not correlate with any of the above clinical profiles or laboratory measurements. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6514 levels were markedly lower in early onset severe @entity1468 and they correlated inversely with blood pressure only in @entity1 with @entity1468 . Although we cannot tell whether lower @entity6514 level is the causation or the result of @entity1468 , our study provides clinical evidences that @entity6514 deficiency is strongly related to @entity101 in early onset severe @entity1468 @entity1 .

title: @entity22487 deficiency is strongly related to XXXX in early onset severe @entity1468 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity288 are widely used to relieve signs and symptoms arising from many diseases, including common inflammatory and @entity792 affecting a number of organ systems. However, @entity288 also induce significant adverse effects; in particular, a range of severe @entity146 adverse effects may occur including @entity933 , @entity308 , @entity162 , @entity716 and @entity73 . These adverse effects occur in up to 60% of @entity1 taking @entity288 and recent studies show an increased rate of psychopathologies in this population. Long-term adverse effects on mood and behavior are severely debilitating, thereby influencing the quality of life, employment and health status of individuals taking @entity288 . Strategies used to manage @entity228 -induced @entity146 disturbances through psychotropic drugs vary significantly. This commentary summarizes existing literature on mechanisms underlying @entity228 -induced @entity146 adverse effects and evidence associated with using psychotropic drugs to manage these effects. Despite its importance, there is an absolute dearth in the literature examining pharmacists' understanding and perceptions of @entity146 adverse effects of @entity288 . Educational programs need to be implemented so that pharmacists can counsel @entity1 about how to recognize @entity228 -induced @entity146 disturbances. Physicians do not consistently alert @entity1 to watch for behavioral changes, and @entity1 may feel that mood changes they experience fall within the category of 'normal behavior,' and thus are less likely to report them. Given that @entity1 taking @entity288 usually have complex medical histories, discussions of adverse effects with pharmacists are vital to improve health outcomes in this population.

title: @entity228 -induced XXXX disturbances: It is time for pharmacists to take notice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive/memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids', 'Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity288 are widely used to relieve signs and symptoms arising from many diseases, including common inflammatory and @entity792 affecting a number of organ systems. However, @entity288 also induce significant adverse effects; in particular, a range of severe @entity146 adverse effects may occur including @entity933 , @entity308 , @entity162 , @entity716 and @entity73 . These adverse effects occur in up to 60% of @entity1 taking @entity288 and recent studies show an increased rate of psychopathologies in this population. Long-term adverse effects on mood and behavior are severely debilitating, thereby influencing the quality of life, employment and health status of individuals taking @entity288 . Strategies used to manage @entity228 -induced @entity146 disturbances through psychotropic drugs vary significantly. This commentary summarizes existing literature on mechanisms underlying @entity228 -induced @entity146 adverse effects and evidence associated with using psychotropic drugs to manage these effects. Despite its importance, there is an absolute dearth in the literature examining pharmacists' understanding and perceptions of @entity146 adverse effects of @entity288 . Educational programs need to be implemented so that pharmacists can counsel @entity1 about how to recognize @entity228 -induced @entity146 disturbances. Physicians do not consistently alert @entity1 to watch for behavioral changes, and @entity1 may feel that mood changes they experience fall within the category of 'normal behavior,' and thus are less likely to report them. Given that @entity1 taking @entity288 usually have complex medical histories, discussions of adverse effects with pharmacists are vital to improve health outcomes in this population.

title: XXXX -induced @entity146 disturbances: It is time for pharmacists to take notice.

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['Corticosteroid']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is associated with increased risks to mother and @entity1 , but globally agreed diagnostic criteria remain elusive. Identification of @entity1 with @entity6 is important, as treatment reduces adverse outcomes such as perinatal @entity204 , shoulder @entity1266 and @entity4837 . Recently, the UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommended new diagnostic thresholds for @entity6 which are different from the International Association of the @entity6 Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria endorsed by the WHO. The study aim was to assess neonatal and obstetric outcomes among @entity1 who would test positive for the IADPSG criteria but negative for the NICE 2015 criteria. METHODS: Data from 25,543 consecutive singleton live births (2004-2008) were obtained retrospectively from hospital records. @entity1 were screened with a random plasma @entity413 (RPG; 12-16  weeks) and a 50  g @entity413 challenge test (GCT; 26-28  weeks). If RPG >7.0  mmol/l, GCT >7.7  mmol/l or symptoms were present, a 75  g OGTT was offered (n   =   3,848). RESULTS: In this study, @entity6 prevalence was 4.13% (NICE 2015) and 4.62% (IADPSG). @entity1 who 'fell through the net', testing NICE-negative but IADPSG-positive (n   =   387), had a higher risk of having a large-for-gestational-age (LGA) @entity1 (birthweight >90th percentile for gestational age; adjusted OR [95% CI] 3.12 [2.44, 3.98]), Caesarean delivery (1.44 [1.15, 1.81]) and @entity2978 (6.90 [3.94, 12.08]) compared with @entity1 with negative screening results and no OGTT (n   =   21,695). LGA risk was highest among @entity1 with fasting plasma @entity413 5.1-5.5  mmol/l (n   =   167): the mean birthweight was 350  g above that of the reference population and 37.7% of @entity1 were LGA. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The IADPSG criteria identify @entity1 at substantial risk of complications who would not be identified by the NICE 2015 criteria.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX : falling through the net.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infants', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoglycaemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Gestational diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes and Pregnancy', 'GDM']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 [ @entity189 ] is often managed with preoperative radiotherapy or radio-chemotherapy followed by @entity348 ( @entity348 ). Efforts are being made to improve outcome by intensifying the preoperative treatment. However, the optimum therapy remains unclear. There is ongoing controversy regarding the optimum radiation dose, chemotherapy regimen and schedule. In addition there exists growing disagreement regarding the role of adjuvant chemotherapy after neoadjuvant radiation or chemoradiation. METHODOLOGY: We reviewed the recent land mark trials to find a road map in the management of locally advanced @entity189 . RESULTS: Preoperative short course radiotherapy has long been proven to improve @entity66 control. The initial trials with long course chemoradiotherapy, comparing short course radiotherapy have shown to increase local control and pathological complete response rates. Since then treatment intensification of this neoadjuvant schedule has been tried by many researchers. But initial results of these treatment intensification trials, show no significant benefit and are associated with increased @entity137 . There is an unmet need to stratify @entity1 depending on risk to assign them to long course chemoradiotherapy or short course radiotherapy. Current evidence does not support the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 who were treated with preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: Preoperative radiotherapy appears to improve disease control with favorable @entity137 profile and there is very little to choose between long course chemoradiotherapy and short course radiotherapy. However, long course chemoradiotherapy may be beneficial for @entity1 with high risk features like positive circumferential resection margin [CRM] and extramural spread of >5mm. There is no role for adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 who were treated preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy.

title: Neoadjuvant treatment intensification or adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced XXXX rectum: The optimum treatment approach remains unresolved.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['RC', 'rectal carcinoma', 'Rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric @entity4145 ( @entity4145 ) is caused by congenital intrinsic narrowing and/or a lower pole-crossing renal artery. When a @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is missed at the time of pyeloplasty, a redo-pyeloplasty is often required. OBJECTIVES: The aims were to analyze clinical predictors for the presence of a @entity8 in @entity4145 and the utility of functional magnetic resonance urography (fMRU) in preoperative identification of a crossing vessel. METHODS: Using an Institutional Review Board approved registry database, we identified 166 @entity1 from July of 2007 until January of 2014 who had undergone open, laparoscopic, or robotic assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty at our institution. We abstracted data including age at surgery, preoperative symptoms, preoperative imaging findings, and whether or not a @entity8 was identified intraoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Of the 166 @entity1 identified, 78 were found to have a @entity8 at the time of surgery and 88 did not. The surgical approach was distributed as 104 robotic assisted laparoscopic, 51 open, and 11 pure laparoscopic. On univariate analysis, older age at presentation and @entity158 at presentation predicted the presence of a @entity8 ; antenatal @entity3041 was a negative predictor, though 20 of 68 (25.6%) @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4145 antenatally did have a @entity8 . Subgroup analysis of @entity1 undergoing preoperative MRU showed a sensitivity of 88.2% and specificity of 91.7% for the detection of CRVs. DISCUSSION: This study confirmed the importance of looking for a crossing vessel in all cases, with the knowledge that increased age and @entity158 at presentation were more likely to be associated with a crossing vessel. In addition, fMRU is a valuable source of information in the preoperative identification of the presence of a crossing vessel. The study has limitations including being retrospective in nature, and that the sensitivity of fMRU to identify CRVs was based on the read of an experienced uroradiologist who specializes in MRU, so may not correlate with the standard clinical read of an fMRU. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the need to maintain a high index of suspicion for the presence of a @entity8 when intervening in a clinically symptomatic older @entity1 , although 25% of @entity1 with antenatally detected @entity4145 did have one too. Our subset analysis demonstrated that MRU is a reliable method of detecting crossing vessels.

title: Detection of crossing vessels in pediatric XXXX : Clinical patterns and imaging findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CRV', 'crossing renal vessel']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction', 'UPJO']

answer: @entity4145 :: (MESH:C537373,Disease) :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is a common complication in surgical @entity1 , especially those undergoing lower limb orthopaedic procedures as well as oncological resectional surgery. Numerous studies have evaluated the role of @entity117 ( @entity7943 , @entity117 ) in primary @entity1211 prevention, with contradictory results reflected in divergent guidelines. We reviewed current evidence for @entity7943 as primary @entity1211 . METHODS: English language studies meeting our inclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Six studies (3 meta-analyses and 3 randomized trials) comparing @entity7943 with placebo and 7 studies (1 meta-analysis, 5 randomized trials, and 1 prospective) comparing @entity7943 with other anticoagulants were included in the final analysis. Retrospective studies and case reports were excluded. RESULTS: @entity7943 is more effective than placebo in primary @entity1211 prevention. Although there is clinical equipoise when @entity7943 is compared with other anticoagulants, studies specific to orthopaedic surgery suggest that @entity7943 appears as effective as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and may reduce @entity548 risk. Extended prophylaxis up to 4 weeks post surgery reduces @entity1211 episodes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7943 may be considered as a potential strategy in primary @entity1211 in orthopaedic @entity1 at high-risk of @entity548 complications. Further studies comparing @entity7943 with LMWH/oral anticoagulants in primary thromboprophylaxis following non-orthopaedic surgery are warranted.

title: XXXX in the primary prophylaxis of @entity1211 in surgical @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE prophylaxis', 'Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['Aspirin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is a common complication in surgical @entity1 , especially those undergoing lower limb orthopaedic procedures as well as oncological resectional surgery. Numerous studies have evaluated the role of @entity117 ( @entity7943 , @entity117 ) in primary @entity1211 prevention, with contradictory results reflected in divergent guidelines. We reviewed current evidence for @entity7943 as primary @entity1211 . METHODS: English language studies meeting our inclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Six studies (3 meta-analyses and 3 randomized trials) comparing @entity7943 with placebo and 7 studies (1 meta-analysis, 5 randomized trials, and 1 prospective) comparing @entity7943 with other anticoagulants were included in the final analysis. Retrospective studies and case reports were excluded. RESULTS: @entity7943 is more effective than placebo in primary @entity1211 prevention. Although there is clinical equipoise when @entity7943 is compared with other anticoagulants, studies specific to orthopaedic surgery suggest that @entity7943 appears as effective as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and may reduce @entity548 risk. Extended prophylaxis up to 4 weeks post surgery reduces @entity1211 episodes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7943 may be considered as a potential strategy in primary @entity1211 in orthopaedic @entity1 at high-risk of @entity548 complications. Further studies comparing @entity7943 with LMWH/oral anticoagulants in primary thromboprophylaxis following non-orthopaedic surgery are warranted.

title: @entity117 in the primary prophylaxis of XXXX in surgical @entity1 .

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is a common complication in surgical @entity1 , especially those undergoing lower limb orthopaedic procedures as well as oncological resectional surgery. Numerous studies have evaluated the role of @entity117 ( @entity7943 , @entity117 ) in primary @entity1211 prevention, with contradictory results reflected in divergent guidelines. We reviewed current evidence for @entity7943 as primary @entity1211 . METHODS: English language studies meeting our inclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Six studies (3 meta-analyses and 3 randomized trials) comparing @entity7943 with placebo and 7 studies (1 meta-analysis, 5 randomized trials, and 1 prospective) comparing @entity7943 with other anticoagulants were included in the final analysis. Retrospective studies and case reports were excluded. RESULTS: @entity7943 is more effective than placebo in primary @entity1211 prevention. Although there is clinical equipoise when @entity7943 is compared with other anticoagulants, studies specific to orthopaedic surgery suggest that @entity7943 appears as effective as low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and may reduce @entity548 risk. Extended prophylaxis up to 4 weeks post surgery reduces @entity1211 episodes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7943 may be considered as a potential strategy in primary @entity1211 in orthopaedic @entity1 at high-risk of @entity548 complications. Further studies comparing @entity7943 with LMWH/oral anticoagulants in primary thromboprophylaxis following non-orthopaedic surgery are warranted.

title: @entity117 in the primary prophylaxis of @entity1211 in surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of temporary internal distraction corrective surgery for extremely severe @entity1635 . METHODS: Eleven @entity1635 @entity1 (3 males and 8 females) with curves >= 130   (mean 148.8  ; range 130  -157  ) who underwent a two-stage surgery, including a posterior temporary internal distraction correction and definitive posterior spinal correction with posterior pedicle screw instrumentation from 2008 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Minimum follow-up was 2-years (mean 41.8  months; range 27.0-63.0  months). The analysis focused on the impact of temporary internal distraction on curve correction, pulmonary function tests (PFTs), complications and surgical outcomes. Neurosurveillance of sensory (somatosensory-evoked potentials) and motor (motor-evoked potentials) potential was performed in all cases. Posterior instrumentation was used in all @entity1 . RESULTS: After the use of internal distraction, the preoperative major curve (mean 148.8  ; range 130  -157  ) was corrected to a mean of 79   (range 63  -87  ), the T5-T12 @entity1513 Cobb angle (mean 79  ; range 30  -97  ) was corrected to a mean of 59   (range 20  -75  ), the coronal imbalance (mean 0.8  cm; range -3.6 to 2.8  cm) was improved to a mean of 0.6  cm (range -1.5 to 2.0  cm), the forced vital capacity percentage (FVC%) was improved from 59.3      11.6 to 68.7      13.7, and the forced expiratory volume in 1  s (FEV1%) was improved from 61.4      13.6 to 71.3      9.3. The average increase in body height was 6.7  cm, and the dorsum razor was corrected to 3-5  cm. During definitive surgery, the final major curves were corrected to a mean of 55   (range 32  -72  ), the T5-T12 @entity1513 Cobb was corrected to 35   (range 15  -68  ), the coronal imbalance was improved to 0.5  cm (range -1.2 to 1.8  cm), the FVC% was improved to 71.2      8.3, the FEV1% was improved to 76.3      16.7, the increase in body height was 3.1  cm, and the dorsum razor was corrected to 1-3  cm. The mean interval time between the two surgeries was 3.5  months. None of the @entity1 exhibited @entity51 or @entity281 . No instrument complications were found during the final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary internal distraction in a two-stage corrective surgery provided @entity1 who had extremely severe and @entity2003 , an effective and safe solution for @entity1635 without significant complications.

title: The impact of posterior temporary internal distraction on stepwise corrective surgery for extremely severe and XXXX greater than 130  .

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['rigid scoliosis']


abstract: Neutrophil activation with the release of intracellular granule contents has been observed in @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). Because @entity8285 ( @entity8285 ), a 5-lipoxygenase metabolite of @entity1426 in neutrophils, is a chemoattractant and enhances neutrophil adhesion to endothelium, we assessed plasma levels of this metabolite in controls (n = 9) and individuals with @entity3458 , SS genotype, both in basal "steady state" (n = 37) and during episodes of vaso-occlusion (n = 10) and @entity5837 (n = 5). Thirteen @entity1 with @entity3458 , SC genotype, in steady state were also studied. Although no significant differences were noted between the control (136 +/- 32 fmol/mL) and SC genotype (177 +/- 83 fmol/mL, P >.15), @entity8285 levels were markedly increased in @entity1 with SS genotype in basal steady state (207 +/- 64 fmol/mL, P <.003) compared with those in controls. Values were further increased during vaso-occlusion (264 +/- 94 fmol/mL) and @entity5837 (363 +/- 124 fmol/mL). These levels were significantly different from measurements taken during steady state (P <.04 and P <.0001, respectively). No correlation was noted between LTB(4) level and total white cell or neutrophil count. Additionally, the significant correlation noted in @entity3458 between increased levels of plasma @entity8285 and soluble @entity1196 (P <.03) reflects neutrophil activation. We also observed an effect of @entity8285 on red cell-endothelial adhesion at concentrations that appear clinically relevant (1-10 pmol/mL) with concomitant up-regulation of mRNA for the endothelial vitronectin receptor. These properties of @entity8285 are relevant to disease pathophysiology, providing further evidence of the contribution of the neutrophil to the proinflammatory and proadhesive phenotype in @entity3458 .

title: Eicosanoids in XXXX : potential relevance of neutrophil leukotriene B4 to disease pathophysiology.

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['acute chest syndrome']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Postpartum @entity308 lead to @entity717 and disturbed mother- @entity1 relationships, but information regarding the rates of @entity308 in minority @entity1 is noticeably lacking. The goal of this study was to determine whether the risk factors for and rate of postpartum @entity308 in a predominantly African American and Hispanic clinic population would be similar to those reported for Caucasian @entity1 . METHOD: Investigators systematically screened all @entity1 scheduled for their first postpartum visit on selected days at four publicly funded inner-city community maternal health clinics in Dallas County (N=802). A multistage screening process included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV for a maximum of three assessments during the initial 3-5-week postpartum period. RESULTS: The estimated rate of @entity308 during the postpartum period among @entity1 in this setting was between 6.5% and 8.5%. Only 50% of the @entity308 @entity1 reported onset following birth. Bottle-feeding and not living with one's spouse or significant other were associated with @entity308 at the first evaluation; persistent @entity308 were linked with the presence of other young @entity1 at home. Greater severity of @entity308 at first contact predicted @entity308 several weeks later. CONCLUSIONS: Rates of postpartum @entity308 among Latina and African American postpartum @entity1 are similar to epidemiologic rates for Caucasian postpartum and nonpostpartum @entity1 . As previously shown for Caucasian @entity1 , @entity308 in many Latina and African American postpartum @entity1 begins before delivery, revealing the need to screen pregnant @entity1 for @entity308 .

title: Onset and persistence of postpartum XXXX in an inner-city maternal health clinic system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['maternal disability']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity731 occurs later and is less extensive in intracranial arteries than in extracranial arteries. However, the mechanisms responsible are poorly understood. A previous study has suggested a better antioxidant protection of intracranial arteries. METHODS: To assess the influence of age on arterial activity of antioxidant enzymes and atherogenesis, we compared intracranial and extracranial arteries of @entity1 of different ages who retrospectively lacked confounding classic risk factors (48 premature fetuses aged 6.4+/-0.8 months [mean+/-SD], 58 @entity1 aged 7.9+/-3.8 years, 42 adults aged 42.5+/-5.1 years, and 40 elderly subjects aged 71.8+/-3.4 years; all males). Lesions were quantified by computer-assisted imaging analysis of sections of the middle cerebral and basilar arteries, the left anterior descending coronary artery, the common carotid artery, and the abdominal aorta. Macrophages, @entity755 , oxidized LDL, and @entity1495 in lesions were determined by immunocytochemistry. The effect of aging on atherogenesis was then compared with that on the activity of 4 antioxidant enzymes in the arterial wall. RESULTS: @entity731 was 6- to 19-fold greater (P<0.01) in extracranial arteries than in intracranial arteries, and it increased linearly with age. Intracranial arteries showed significantly greater antioxidant enzyme activities than did extracranial arteries. However, the antioxidant protection of intracranial arteries decreased significantly in older age, coinciding with a marked acceleration of atherogenesis. An increase in @entity1495 protein expression and in gelatinolytic activity consistent with the degree of @entity4522 was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a greater activity of antioxidant enzymes in intracranial arteries may contribute to their greater resistance to atherogenesis and that with increasing age intracranial arteries respond with accelerated atherogenesis when their antioxidant protection decreases relatively more than that of extracranial arteries.

title: Age-related effects on atherogenesis and scavenger enzymes of intracranial and extracranial arteries in @entity1 without classic risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity731 occurs later and is less extensive in intracranial arteries than in extracranial arteries. However, the mechanisms responsible are poorly understood. A previous study has suggested a better antioxidant protection of intracranial arteries. METHODS: To assess the influence of age on arterial activity of antioxidant enzymes and atherogenesis, we compared intracranial and extracranial arteries of @entity1 of different ages who retrospectively lacked confounding classic risk factors (48 premature fetuses aged 6.4+/-0.8 months [mean+/-SD], 58 @entity1 aged 7.9+/-3.8 years, 42 adults aged 42.5+/-5.1 years, and 40 elderly subjects aged 71.8+/-3.4 years; all males). Lesions were quantified by computer-assisted imaging analysis of sections of the middle cerebral and basilar arteries, the left anterior descending coronary artery, the common carotid artery, and the abdominal aorta. Macrophages, @entity755 , oxidized LDL, and @entity1495 in lesions were determined by immunocytochemistry. The effect of aging on atherogenesis was then compared with that on the activity of 4 antioxidant enzymes in the arterial wall. RESULTS: @entity731 was 6- to 19-fold greater (P<0.01) in extracranial arteries than in intracranial arteries, and it increased linearly with age. Intracranial arteries showed significantly greater antioxidant enzyme activities than did extracranial arteries. However, the antioxidant protection of intracranial arteries decreased significantly in older age, coinciding with a marked acceleration of atherogenesis. An increase in @entity1495 protein expression and in gelatinolytic activity consistent with the degree of @entity4522 was also observed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a greater activity of antioxidant enzymes in intracranial arteries may contribute to their greater resistance to atherogenesis and that with increasing age intracranial arteries respond with accelerated atherogenesis when their antioxidant protection decreases relatively more than that of extracranial arteries.

title: Age-related effects on atherogenesis and scavenger enzymes of intracranial and extracranial arteries in XXXX without classic risk factors for @entity731 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) and @entity1456 (tPA) are the major regulators of @entity1351 generation. Glomerular @entity2289 /tPA balance is involved in extracellular matrix turnover, as well as fibrin deposition in glomeruli. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 80 @entity1 with either primary or secondary @entity631 (10 @entity1 , minimal @entity1985 ; 6 @entity1 , @entity628 [ @entity628 ]; 10 @entity1 , @entity8 [ @entity8 ]; 24 @entity1 , mesangial proliferative @entity631 ; 15 @entity1 , @entity1988 ; 14 @entity1 , @entity2316 ; and 1 @entity1 , @entity631 ). We quantified glomerular @entity2289 and tPA messenger RNA (mRNA) by competitive polymerase chain reaction. We also determined @entity2289 mRNA localization by in situ hybridization. Glomerular @entity2289 mRNA levels in @entity1 with @entity628 and @entity8 were significantly greater than those of controls. There was a sixfold increase in @entity2289 -tPA mRNA ratio in @entity1 with @entity8 compared with the control group. In addition, glomerular @entity2289 mRNA level correlated with level of @entity644 . Conversely, there was no difference in tPA mRNA levels among types of @entity631 . These results suggest that suppressed glomerular fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity may be associated with the pathogenesis of @entity631 , especially in @entity628 and @entity8 .

title: Expression of glomerular @entity2289 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy', 'MN']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-1', 'Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['change nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis', 'membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) and @entity1456 (tPA) are the major regulators of @entity1351 generation. Glomerular @entity2289 /tPA balance is involved in extracellular matrix turnover, as well as fibrin deposition in glomeruli. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 80 @entity1 with either primary or secondary @entity631 (10 @entity1 , minimal @entity1985 ; 6 @entity1 , @entity628 [ @entity628 ]; 10 @entity1 , @entity8 [ @entity8 ]; 24 @entity1 , mesangial proliferative @entity631 ; 15 @entity1 , @entity1988 ; 14 @entity1 , @entity2316 ; and 1 @entity1 , @entity631 ). We quantified glomerular @entity2289 and tPA messenger RNA (mRNA) by competitive polymerase chain reaction. We also determined @entity2289 mRNA localization by in situ hybridization. Glomerular @entity2289 mRNA levels in @entity1 with @entity628 and @entity8 were significantly greater than those of controls. There was a sixfold increase in @entity2289 -tPA mRNA ratio in @entity1 with @entity8 compared with the control group. In addition, glomerular @entity2289 mRNA level correlated with level of @entity644 . Conversely, there was no difference in tPA mRNA levels among types of @entity631 . These results suggest that suppressed glomerular fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity may be associated with the pathogenesis of @entity631 , especially in @entity628 and @entity8 .

title: Expression of glomerular XXXX in @entity631 .

answer: @entity2289 :: (5054,Gene) :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1']


abstract: @entity65 remains the most common cause of @entity204 in @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Although several predictors of @entity204 have been reported, identifying individuals most at risk remains difficult. Previous studies in nonuremic populations have associated cardiac mortality, in particular @entity944 , with @entity1162 (QTd); defined as the difference between the maximal and minimal QT interval on a standard electrocardiogram. The present study aimed to determine the prognostic value of QTd and corrected QTd (QTdc) in predicting @entity65 , and @entity943 -related mortality in @entity454 @entity1 initiating dialysis. The study was a retrospective cohort of adult @entity454 @entity1 starting peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis between 1990 and 1994. Statistical analysis was by Cox proportional hazard modeling and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Primary study endpoints were @entity65 , and @entity943 -related mortality. Nonfatal @entity65 were a secondary endpoint. A total of 147 @entity1 were studied for a period of 5 to 9 years. In Cox modeling, QTdc was an independent predictor of total (relative risk [RR] = 1.53; difference for RR = 50 msec; P = 0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (RR = 1.57; difference for RR = 50 msec; P = 0.028) and trended toward @entity943 -related mortality (P = 0.061). Total mortality also was predicted independently by lack of renal transplantation, radiographic @entity1283 , and predialysis serum albumin. In multivariate analysis, QTdc was associated weakly with serum @entity460 , mean QT interval, and presence of @entity6 . QTdc may be a useful marker for identifying dialysis @entity1 at an increased risk for overall and cardiovascular mortality.

title: Value of corrected QT interval dispersion in identifying XXXX initiating dialysis at increased risk of total and cardiovascular mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['increased QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'premature death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events', 'total, cardiovascular']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: It is not known to what extent intravascular phenotypic alterations in adhesion molecule expression induced by hemodialysis influence the recruitment of granulocytes and their ability to up-regulate @entity9536 at the local site of @entity32 in the interstitium. We used a skin suction chamber technique to address this issue. Two skin blisters were raised on the forearm of eight hemodialysis @entity1 and eight healthy subjects, and blister exudate was collected (time 0). The two blisters were stimulated with buffer (intermediate @entity32 ) or autologous serum (intense @entity32 ). Then the @entity1 underwent cuprophane hemodialysis for 4 hours. Ten hours after start of dialysis, the exudate was aspirated from each chamber. Granulocyte count and surface expression of @entity9536 and @entity1196 were analyzed in samples from peripheral blood and blister exudate by flow cytometry. Granulocytes from healthy blood donors were incubated in blister fluid from @entity1 and healthy subjects to determine the local chemotactic activity in terms of @entity9536 up-regulation. The expression of @entity9536 increased fourfold and @entity1196 decreased simultaneously in @entity1 and healthy subjects when cells transmigrated to the unstimulated blister at time 0. At the site of intermediate @entity32 , granulocytes from @entity1 had a significantly lower capacity to mobilize @entity9536 compared with cells from healthy subjects (P < 0.001). At the site of intense @entity32 , granulocytes from @entity1 had the capacity to mobilize the receptor and reached values close to those obtained in healthy subjects (P = 0.079). The blister exudate from @entity1 had a similar (at time 0 and intermediate @entity32 ) or higher (intense @entity32 ; P < 0.05) capacity to up-regulate @entity9536 on granulocytes in vitro compared with blister exudate from healthy subjects. Granulocytes from hemodialysis @entity1 seem to require a more intense chemotactic stimulus to up-regulate @entity9536 at the local site of @entity32 in the interstitium compared with corresponding cells from healthy subjects despite the fact that cells transmigrate in a milieu that contains chemotactic factors with an equal or higher capacity to up-regulate @entity9536 . Granulocytes in hemodialysis @entity1 seem to be more refractory to inflammatory stimuli in the interstitium.

title: Hemodialysis-activated granulocytes at the site of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'interstitial inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['interstitial inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurring breakpoints in chromosome bands 15q13-15 occur infrequently in @entity1778 . To the authors' knowledge, the clinical significance of these breakpoints in childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ) has not been previously investigated. METHODS: Centrally reviewed karyotypes of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity981 enrolled on @entity1 's @entity5 Group protocols from 1988 to 1995 formed the basis of the current report. Statistical analyses used chi-square tests for homogeneity of proportions, and outcome was analyzed using life table methods and associated statistics. RESULTS: Of 1946 cases with centrally reviewed and accepted cytogenetic analyses, 23 cases (1%) had breakpoints in chromosome bands 15q13-15. Most @entity1 with 15q13-15 breakpoints had standard risk @entity981 , although breakpoints in 15q13-15 occurred more frequently in @entity1 than in older @entity1 . The majority of these @entity1 (16 @entity1 ; 70%) had balanced 15q13-15 rearrangements. Additional chromosomal abnormalities not involving 15q included abnormal 12p, abnormal 9p, Philadelphia chromosome, deletion 6q, and an 11q23 breakpoint. Thirteen (57%) 15q13-15 breakpoints occurred in pseudodiploid karyotypes; five (22%) were in hyperdiploid karyotypes with 47-50 chromosomes; two (9%) were in hyperdiploid karyotypes with > 50 chromosomes; and three (13%) were in hypodiploid karyotypes. Of the 23 @entity1 with 15q13-15 breakpoints, 21 were survivors, 18 survived event-free for 2.2-9.3 years, and 3 were alive 1 to 3 years after a relapse at time of writing. CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that genes at 15q13-15 may be involved in the leukemogenesis of some cases of @entity981 , but that with current intensive therapy such aberrations do not confer increased risk of treatment failure.

title: Abnormalities of chromosome bands 15q13-15 in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['childhood ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Information is limited for Asian subgroups regarding survival after diagnosis of the common @entity5 amenable to routine screening. The authors examined survival after @entity189 of the prostate, colon/rectum, breast, and cervix separately for Chinese, Japanese, Filipinos, and non-Hispanic whites in the United States. METHODS: Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, the authors compared the distributions of stage at diagnosis and computed 5-year cause specific survival probabilities, overall and by stage of disease, for @entity5 @entity1 whose diagnosis was in 1988-1994 and who were observed through 1997. RESULTS: Among males, Filipinos were more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stage @entity14 than other Asians and non-Hispanic whites; they also experienced worse survival after these @entity5 . This survival deficit occurred across all stages of @entity14 and remained apparent within distant stage @entity263 . Among females, Chinese were less likely to receive diagnoses of early stage @entity14 than Japanese and Filipinas. In addition, their survival was consistently lower across more advanced stages of disease. Chinese also experienced somewhat worse survival after diagnosis of @entity5 . Japanese were more likely to be diagnosed with early stage @entity189 but also tended to experience better survival after prostate, @entity0 regardless of stage. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos experienced unequal survival after these screenable @entity189 , indicating that certain groups may benefit from more aggressive screening efforts. The heterogeneity of @entity5 outcomes observed within the community classified as Asian reinforces the need for @entity5 statistics to be reported for disaggregated subgroups.

title: Survival differences among Asian subpopulations in the United States after prostate, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, and breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'early stage cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and prostate carcinomas', 'colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['colorectal, breast, and cervical carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired or reduced @entity12711 ( @entity12711 ) expression in T cells has been identified in various @entity5 and may be associated with an ineffective immune response. The clinical significance of @entity12711 chain expression in @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in @entity356 remains unclear. METHODS: The authors immunohistochemically investigated @entity12711 expression in TILs in 185 @entity1 who had undergone curative gastrectomy. @entity12710 ( @entity12710 ) ratios were calculated. @entity1 were divided into two groups: a normal @entity12711 group (n = 121) and a reduced @entity12711 group (n = 64). @entity1 with a zeta per epsilon ratio of greater than 66% were placed in the normal @entity12711 group. RESULTS: @entity1 in the normal @entity12711 group had fewer lymph node @entity3 (P < 0.01) and a shallower depth of invasion (P < 0.05) than those in the reduced @entity12711 group. The 5-year survival rate was 72% in the normal @entity12711 group, which was significantly better than that in the reduced @entity12711 group (55%; P < 0.01). When stratified according to clinical stage, the prognostic value was significantly different only in Stage IV @entity1 . Multivariate analysis showed that @entity12711 expression was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.03) next to depth of invasion and lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced @entity12711 expression in TILs was strongly correlated with @entity356 . @entity12711 expression in TILs is considered an immunologic, independent prognostic marker in @entity356 @entity1 . @entity12711 normalization with cytokine treatment may lead to prolonged survival in advanced @entity356 @entity1 .

title: CD3-zetachain expression of intratumoral lymphocytes is closely related to survival in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity12710 :: ('916', 'Gene') :: ['CD3-epsilon', 'CD3-zeta/CD3 epsilon']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease in gastric carcinomas', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired or reduced @entity12711 ( @entity12711 ) expression in T cells has been identified in various @entity5 and may be associated with an ineffective immune response. The clinical significance of @entity12711 chain expression in @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in @entity356 remains unclear. METHODS: The authors immunohistochemically investigated @entity12711 expression in TILs in 185 @entity1 who had undergone curative gastrectomy. @entity12710 ( @entity12710 ) ratios were calculated. @entity1 were divided into two groups: a normal @entity12711 group (n = 121) and a reduced @entity12711 group (n = 64). @entity1 with a zeta per epsilon ratio of greater than 66% were placed in the normal @entity12711 group. RESULTS: @entity1 in the normal @entity12711 group had fewer lymph node @entity3 (P < 0.01) and a shallower depth of invasion (P < 0.05) than those in the reduced @entity12711 group. The 5-year survival rate was 72% in the normal @entity12711 group, which was significantly better than that in the reduced @entity12711 group (55%; P < 0.01). When stratified according to clinical stage, the prognostic value was significantly different only in Stage IV @entity1 . Multivariate analysis showed that @entity12711 expression was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.03) next to depth of invasion and lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced @entity12711 expression in TILs was strongly correlated with @entity356 . @entity12711 expression in TILs is considered an immunologic, independent prognostic marker in @entity356 @entity1 . @entity12711 normalization with cytokine treatment may lead to prolonged survival in advanced @entity356 @entity1 .

title: CD3-zetachain expression of intratumoral lymphocytes is closely related to survival in @entity356 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical differential diagnosis between uterine @entity242 and @entity2909 is difficult even with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, a considerable number of @entity1 have undergone hysterectomies due to an indication of "suspected @entity5 " based on @entity5 size alone. However, approximately 80% of these hysterectomies have been judged to have been recommended inappropriately. In such situations, reliable preoperative diagnostic tests are required. The authors have evaluated the accuracy of needle biopsy for @entity5 , a procedure that to the authors' knowledge has been performed infrequently. METHODS: Transcervical needle biopsy was performed in 435 @entity1 with @entity5 . The biopsy specimens were scored for degree of @entity5 according to the histopathologic criteria proposed by Bell et al. Histopathologic evaluation of surgical specimens and clinical outcome after 2 years of follow-up were used as the reference standards. RESULTS: Of 435 @entity1 , 7 had uterine @entity242 , 4 of which were scored as > or = 4 points and were diagnosed as " @entity242 " by needle biopsy alone. No @entity242 cases were included in the group of @entity1 with a score of 0. The cutoff score combining the highest sensitivity and specificity with respect to distinguishing @entity1822 from uterine @entity2909 was 2; sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 100%, 98.6%, 58%, and 100.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Transcervical needle biopsy using histopathologic scoring is a reliable diagnostic test for the differential diagnosis between uterine @entity242 and @entity2909 . This diagnostic method, combined with MRI screening, could reduce the number of @entity1 currently undergoing unnecessary surgery.

title: Transcervical needle biopsy for the differential diagnosis between uterine @entity242 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'uterine myoma-like tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['benign leiomyoma', 'leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['leiomyoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical differential diagnosis between uterine @entity242 and @entity2909 is difficult even with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, a considerable number of @entity1 have undergone hysterectomies due to an indication of "suspected @entity5 " based on @entity5 size alone. However, approximately 80% of these hysterectomies have been judged to have been recommended inappropriately. In such situations, reliable preoperative diagnostic tests are required. The authors have evaluated the accuracy of needle biopsy for @entity5 , a procedure that to the authors' knowledge has been performed infrequently. METHODS: Transcervical needle biopsy was performed in 435 @entity1 with @entity5 . The biopsy specimens were scored for degree of @entity5 according to the histopathologic criteria proposed by Bell et al. Histopathologic evaluation of surgical specimens and clinical outcome after 2 years of follow-up were used as the reference standards. RESULTS: Of 435 @entity1 , 7 had uterine @entity242 , 4 of which were scored as > or = 4 points and were diagnosed as " @entity242 " by needle biopsy alone. No @entity242 cases were included in the group of @entity1 with a score of 0. The cutoff score combining the highest sensitivity and specificity with respect to distinguishing @entity1822 from uterine @entity2909 was 2; sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 100%, 98.6%, 58%, and 100.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Transcervical needle biopsy using histopathologic scoring is a reliable diagnostic test for the differential diagnosis between uterine @entity242 and @entity2909 . This diagnostic method, combined with MRI screening, could reduce the number of @entity1 currently undergoing unnecessary surgery.

title: Transcervical needle biopsy for the differential diagnosis between uterine XXXX and @entity2909 .

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: An increasing number of studies indicates that the strength and even direction of association between @entity0 and established risk factors differ according to the @entity1 's age when she develops the disease. This was studied in the setting of a population based @entity5 registry using a databank with information on age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, oral contraceptive (OC) use, lactation, height and weight. From a cohort of 80.219 @entity1 attending population-based cervical and @entity0 screening in Iceland, 1120 cases were identified, aged 26-90 years at diagnosis and 10,537 controls, individually matched to the cases on birth year and age when attending. Information given at last visit before diagnosis was used in the analysis, applying conditional logistic regression. Odds ratios and statistical strength of relationships varied according to age at diagnosis for age at first birth, number of births, duration of lactation, height and weight. The decreased risk associated with young age at first birth and increasing duration of breast feeding became less pronounced with advancing age at diagnosis. A reduced risk associated with an increasing number of births was not detected in @entity1 diagnosed under the age of 40. An increased risk associated with giving first birth after 30 years of age was mainly detected in @entity1 who had only given 1 birth and were diagnosed under the age of 40 (OR = 7.06 95% CI = 2.16-23.01). A positive association with height and especially with weight was confined to @entity1 diagnosed after the age of 55. The results confirm that age at diagnosis should be taken into account when studying the effects of @entity0 risk factors.

title: XXXX risk factors and age at diagnosis: an Icelandic cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']