abstract: Trace elements play an important role in @entity26 metabolism and therefore in the formation of free radicals. Whereas @entity68 and @entity920 are usually the main enhancers of free radical formation, other trace elements, such as @entity219 and @entity4259 , protect against the harmful effects of these radicals. To investigate the different protective mechanisms of @entity219 on radical formation, we examined the effects of added @entity219 and @entity920 on @entity224 dismutase activity. We also studied the effects of @entity920 and @entity68 on @entity3624 oxidase activity and on the Haber-Weiss cycle ( @entity68 , @entity224 , and @entity273 ), which generates @entity3787 radicals in vitro. The @entity3625 / @entity3624 oxidase radical generating system contained a variety of different physiological ligands for binding the @entity68 . This study confirmed the inhibitory effect of @entity920 on @entity3624 oxidase activity. Moreover, it demonstrated that @entity219 inhibited @entity3787 radical formation when this formation was catalyzed by a @entity1792 - @entity68 complex in the @entity3625 / @entity3624 oxidase reaction. Finally, @entity1 blood plasma inhibited @entity1792 - @entity68 -dependent @entity3787 radical formation under the same conditions. Although trace elements seemed responsible for this antioxidant activity of plasma, it is likely that @entity219 played no role as a plasma antioxidant. Indeed, @entity460 appeared to be responsible for most of this effect under our experimental conditions.

title: Effect of XXXX on @entity224 -dependent @entity3787 radical production in vitro.

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: Trace elements play an important role in @entity26 metabolism and therefore in the formation of free radicals. Whereas @entity68 and @entity920 are usually the main enhancers of free radical formation, other trace elements, such as @entity219 and @entity4259 , protect against the harmful effects of these radicals. To investigate the different protective mechanisms of @entity219 on radical formation, we examined the effects of added @entity219 and @entity920 on @entity224 dismutase activity. We also studied the effects of @entity920 and @entity68 on @entity3624 oxidase activity and on the Haber-Weiss cycle ( @entity68 , @entity224 , and @entity273 ), which generates @entity3787 radicals in vitro. The @entity3625 / @entity3624 oxidase radical generating system contained a variety of different physiological ligands for binding the @entity68 . This study confirmed the inhibitory effect of @entity920 on @entity3624 oxidase activity. Moreover, it demonstrated that @entity219 inhibited @entity3787 radical formation when this formation was catalyzed by a @entity1792 - @entity68 complex in the @entity3625 / @entity3624 oxidase reaction. Finally, @entity1 blood plasma inhibited @entity1792 - @entity68 -dependent @entity3787 radical formation under the same conditions. Although trace elements seemed responsible for this antioxidant activity of plasma, it is likely that @entity219 played no role as a plasma antioxidant. Indeed, @entity460 appeared to be responsible for most of this effect under our experimental conditions.

title: Effect of @entity219 on @entity224 -dependent XXXX radical production in vitro.

answer: @entity3787 :: (MESH:D017665,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyl']


abstract: Trace elements play an important role in @entity26 metabolism and therefore in the formation of free radicals. Whereas @entity68 and @entity920 are usually the main enhancers of free radical formation, other trace elements, such as @entity219 and @entity4259 , protect against the harmful effects of these radicals. To investigate the different protective mechanisms of @entity219 on radical formation, we examined the effects of added @entity219 and @entity920 on @entity224 dismutase activity. We also studied the effects of @entity920 and @entity68 on @entity3624 oxidase activity and on the Haber-Weiss cycle ( @entity68 , @entity224 , and @entity273 ), which generates @entity3787 radicals in vitro. The @entity3625 / @entity3624 oxidase radical generating system contained a variety of different physiological ligands for binding the @entity68 . This study confirmed the inhibitory effect of @entity920 on @entity3624 oxidase activity. Moreover, it demonstrated that @entity219 inhibited @entity3787 radical formation when this formation was catalyzed by a @entity1792 - @entity68 complex in the @entity3625 / @entity3624 oxidase reaction. Finally, @entity1 blood plasma inhibited @entity1792 - @entity68 -dependent @entity3787 radical formation under the same conditions. Although trace elements seemed responsible for this antioxidant activity of plasma, it is likely that @entity219 played no role as a plasma antioxidant. Indeed, @entity460 appeared to be responsible for most of this effect under our experimental conditions.

title: Effect of @entity219 on XXXX -dependent @entity3787 radical production in vitro.

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine predictors of prognostic significance for @entity1 with nonseminomatous @entity5 (NSTC) who have advanced disease at the time of presentation. DESIGN: A chart review with a mean @entity1 follow-up of 5.5 years (range from 0.75 to 13 years). SETTING: University hospitals in Halifax. @entity1 : All @entity1 with NSTC, stages II-B, II-C and III. @entity1 were excluded if the follow-up status at the time the study closed could not be determined. Thirty-three @entity1 were included in the study. Current @entity1 status was determined from the clinical charts and personal communication with the @entity1 or their physicians. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 received @entity900 -based chemotherapy. The extent of the disease was assessed by chest radiography or lung tomography, bone scanning, abdominal computed tomography or lymphangiography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation between levels of beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (BHCG) and @entity160 ( @entity160 ), comparison of duration of symptoms before initial treatment, response to treatment and survival, and relationship between stage, @entity5 volume and survival. RESULTS: The 3-year overall survival rate was 76%. Seven of 18 @entity1 with symptoms for more than 16 weeks died of disease (p < 0.01). Overall complete response was seen in 27 of 33 @entity1 . All initial nonresponders died. A survival rate of 93% was seen among initial complete responders (p < 0.01). All seven @entity1 with persistent elevation of BHCG levels (p < 0.001) and the two @entity1 with persistent elevation of @entity160 levels (p < 0.01) after the second course of chemotherapy died. CONCLUSIONS: A symptomatic interval of more than 16 weeks, poor response to initial treatment, @entity66 , @entity358 and persistently elevated levels of BHCG and @entity160 were all indicators of poor prognosis.

title: Prognostic factors in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bulky retroperitoneal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['larger volume lung disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic-associated @entity294 (AAD) is a common adverse effect of antibiotic (AB) treatment. This study aimed to measure the overall prevalence of AAD (including mild to moderate @entity294 ) in hospitalized AB treated @entity1 , to investigate associated risk factors and to document AAD associated diagnostic investigations, contamination control and treatment. METHODS: During 8 observation days (with time delay of 10-14 days between each observation day), all adult @entity1 hospitalized at an internal medicine ward of 4 Belgian participating hospitals were screened for AB use. @entity1 receiving AB on the observation day were included in the study and screened for signs and symptoms of AAD using a period prevalence methodology. Clinical data were collected for all AB users and AAD related investigations and treatment were collected for the entire duration of AAD. Additionally, nurses noted daily the frequency of all extra care associated to the treatment of the @entity294 . RESULTS: A total of 2543 hospitalized @entity1 were screened of which 743 were treated with AB (29.2%). Included AB users had a mean age of 68 yr (range 16-99) and 52% were male. Penicillins were mostly used (63%) and 19% received more than one AB. AAD was observed in 9.6% of AB users including 4 with confirmed @entity2718 infection. AAD started between 1 and 16 days after AB start (median 5) and had a duration of 2 to 41 days (median 4). AAD was significantly associated with higher age and the use of double AB and proton pump inhibitors. AAD @entity1 had extra laboratory investigations (79%), received extra pharmacological treatment (42%) and 10 of them were isolated (14%). AAD related extra nursing time amounted to 51 minutes per day for the treatment of @entity294 . CONCLUSIONS: In this observational study, with one third of hospitalized @entity1 receiving AB, an AAD period prevalence of 9.6% in AB users was found. AAD caused extra investigations and treatment and an estimated extra nursing care of almost one hour per day. Preventive action are highly recommended to reduce the prevalence of AAD and associated health care costs.

title: Prevalence and management of antibiotic associated XXXX in general hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity572 ( @entity572 ) is a common last-resort treatment for @entity572 , but postoperative @entity1 often complain of discrepancies in leg length. This study introduces a device designed to increase the precision of the @entity2249 and reduce the incidence of @entity3656 . METHODS: Forty-eight @entity1 undergoing @entity572 were divided into two groups, with and without the use of the femoral osteotomy guide. All operations were performed through a posterolateral approach. Differences in leg length were recorded before and after the operation. Measurements were also made to compare the preoperative plan with the actual amount of bone removed. RESULTS: The mean average difference in femoral neck resection height was 0.84  mm when using the osteotomy guide and 1.69  mm without the guide. @entity282 were 5.45  mm and 13.37  mm in the groups with and without the guide, respectively. CONCLUSION: The @entity2249 guide is an effectively auxiliary tool for increasing the accuracy of bone resection in arthroplasty using the posterolateral approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR-OOC-15005904 ; date: 2015-01-30.

title: XXXX guide for total hip arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['leg length discrepancy']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'hip disease', 'Total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Discrepancies in postoperative leg length']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['Femoral neck osteotomy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our research was conducted to analyze the outcomes of two laparoscopic splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization (LSPD) techniques in the management of portal @entity101 (PTH) and @entity6118 . METHODS: Between May 2012 and May 2013, 41 @entity1 with PTH and @entity6118 undergoing LSPD were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, 29 @entity1 received LSPD by LigaSure    Vessel Sealing System (LVSS) and Endo-GIA    universal endoscopic vascular linear staplers (Endo-GIA) (EG Group) and 12 @entity1 received LSPD by LVSS and Hem-o-Lock ( @entity1733 Group). Operating time, intraoperative @entity190 , postoperative course, and hospitalization costs were compared between the two LSPD combination techniques. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in preoperative @entity1 characteristics of the two groups. Significantly less operating time, intraoperative @entity86 were observed in EG Group. The incidence of @entity715 was lower in the EG Group (3.4 vs. 8.3  %), as well as the incidence of @entity3472 (0 vs. 8.3  %). @entity360 was not observed in either group. Uncontrolled bleeding warranted conversion to open surgery in one case in EG Group (conversion rate 3.4  %) and in two cases in @entity1733 Group (conversion rate 16.7  %). Two @entity1 (16.7  %) in @entity1733 Group underwent successful emergency exploratory laparotomy due to uncontrolled intraabdominal bleeding postoperatively. No re-operation was needed in EG Group. Two @entity1 experienced @entity1578 after surgery in each group. Of those, three @entity1 were managed successfully and one @entity1 refused further therapy. While the overall complication rate was significantly lower in EG Group (17.2 vs. 58.3  %, P  <  0.05), overall hospitalization costs remained significantly higher for EG Group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the modified Endo-GIA and LVSS technique is a safe and effective combination approach to LSPD with shorter operative time, less intraoperative @entity190 , lower conversion rate to laparotomy, shorter hospital stay, better recovery, and lower postoperative complication rate compared with the Hem-o-Lock and LVSS approach. Higher hospitalization expenses associated with the Endo-GIA and LVSS approach.

title: Comparison of two laparoscopic splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization techniques for management of portal XXXX and @entity6118 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss, and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our research was conducted to analyze the outcomes of two laparoscopic splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization (LSPD) techniques in the management of portal @entity101 (PTH) and @entity6118 . METHODS: Between May 2012 and May 2013, 41 @entity1 with PTH and @entity6118 undergoing LSPD were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, 29 @entity1 received LSPD by LigaSure    Vessel Sealing System (LVSS) and Endo-GIA    universal endoscopic vascular linear staplers (Endo-GIA) (EG Group) and 12 @entity1 received LSPD by LVSS and Hem-o-Lock ( @entity1733 Group). Operating time, intraoperative @entity190 , postoperative course, and hospitalization costs were compared between the two LSPD combination techniques. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in preoperative @entity1 characteristics of the two groups. Significantly less operating time, intraoperative @entity86 were observed in EG Group. The incidence of @entity715 was lower in the EG Group (3.4 vs. 8.3  %), as well as the incidence of @entity3472 (0 vs. 8.3  %). @entity360 was not observed in either group. Uncontrolled bleeding warranted conversion to open surgery in one case in EG Group (conversion rate 3.4  %) and in two cases in @entity1733 Group (conversion rate 16.7  %). Two @entity1 (16.7  %) in @entity1733 Group underwent successful emergency exploratory laparotomy due to uncontrolled intraabdominal bleeding postoperatively. No re-operation was needed in EG Group. Two @entity1 experienced @entity1578 after surgery in each group. Of those, three @entity1 were managed successfully and one @entity1 refused further therapy. While the overall complication rate was significantly lower in EG Group (17.2 vs. 58.3  %, P  <  0.05), overall hospitalization costs remained significantly higher for EG Group. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the modified Endo-GIA and LVSS technique is a safe and effective combination approach to LSPD with shorter operative time, less intraoperative @entity190 , lower conversion rate to laparotomy, shorter hospital stay, better recovery, and lower postoperative complication rate compared with the Hem-o-Lock and LVSS approach. Higher hospitalization expenses associated with the Endo-GIA and LVSS approach.

title: Comparison of two laparoscopic splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization techniques for management of portal @entity101 and XXXX .

answer: @entity6118 :: (MESH:D006971,Disease) :: ['hypersplenism']


abstract: Transesophageal overdrive atrial pacing is effective and safe for @entity956 . The influence of antiarrhythmic drug therapy on this procedure is controversial. In this study, we investigated whether oral @entity2779 may facilitate this procedure. Thirty @entity1 with @entity956 were randomized into 2 groups in which transesophageal pacing was attempted: group A, without treatment; and group B, after oral administration of @entity2779 600 mg. Transesophageal pacing was effective in interrupting @entity956 in 53% of @entity1 (8 of 15) in group A and in 87% of @entity1 (13 of 15) in group B. A significant lengthening of the flutter cycle was observed with respect to the baseline in @entity1 given @entity2779 (261 +/- 23 vs 217 +/- 25, p < 0.01). Sinus rhythm resumed at a shorter paced cycle in group A @entity1 (166 +/- 13 vs 187 +/- 14 ms, p < 0.01). The transesophageal threshold for stable atrial capture was significantly lower in group A (20.5 +/- 0.2 vs 23.3 +/- 1.2, p < 0.01). In no @entity1 was the threshold for atrial capture higher than the @entity158 threshold. We did not observe abrupt enhancement of @entity713 . We conclude that @entity2779 is effective and safe when used with transesophageal pacing in the termination of @entity956 . The slowing effect of the drug on intraatrial conduction and the possible stabilizing effect on the reentry circuit appear to be outweighed by the positive effect of @entity2779 on the excitable gap of the circuit, facilitating its capture and accounting for the beneficial effect of the drug on @entity943 termination.

title: XXXX termination by overdrive transesophageal pacing and the facilitating effect of oral @entity2779 .

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular conduction']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['type I atrial flutter', 'atrial flutter', 'atrial flutter termination']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['propafenone']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['Atrial flutter']


abstract: Transesophageal overdrive atrial pacing is effective and safe for @entity956 . The influence of antiarrhythmic drug therapy on this procedure is controversial. In this study, we investigated whether oral @entity2779 may facilitate this procedure. Thirty @entity1 with @entity956 were randomized into 2 groups in which transesophageal pacing was attempted: group A, without treatment; and group B, after oral administration of @entity2779 600 mg. Transesophageal pacing was effective in interrupting @entity956 in 53% of @entity1 (8 of 15) in group A and in 87% of @entity1 (13 of 15) in group B. A significant lengthening of the flutter cycle was observed with respect to the baseline in @entity1 given @entity2779 (261 +/- 23 vs 217 +/- 25, p < 0.01). Sinus rhythm resumed at a shorter paced cycle in group A @entity1 (166 +/- 13 vs 187 +/- 14 ms, p < 0.01). The transesophageal threshold for stable atrial capture was significantly lower in group A (20.5 +/- 0.2 vs 23.3 +/- 1.2, p < 0.01). In no @entity1 was the threshold for atrial capture higher than the @entity158 threshold. We did not observe abrupt enhancement of @entity713 . We conclude that @entity2779 is effective and safe when used with transesophageal pacing in the termination of @entity956 . The slowing effect of the drug on intraatrial conduction and the possible stabilizing effect on the reentry circuit appear to be outweighed by the positive effect of @entity2779 on the excitable gap of the circuit, facilitating its capture and accounting for the beneficial effect of the drug on @entity943 termination.

title: @entity956 termination by overdrive transesophageal pacing and the facilitating effect of oral XXXX .

answer: @entity2779 :: (MESH:D011405,Chemical) :: ['propafenone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery has become the gold standard in the therapy of benignant and malignant colorectal pathologies. @entity834 is still a reason for laparotomy; applying a diverting stoma or performing a Hartman's procedure is common [1, 2]. Laparoscopic treatment of an early-detected @entity834 is suggested from other authors [3, 4]. In our video we demonstrate a combined minimal invasive transabdominal and transanal treatment concept in @entity1 with early-detected @entity834 . METHODS: Two consecutive @entity1 developing an @entity834 after single-port laparoscopic sigmoid resection for @entity34 (Hanson _ Stock) were treated with a combined minimal invasive approach. @entity834 was diagnosed by triple contrast computed tomography on postoperative day 4 in @entity1 one and on postoperative day 7 in @entity1 two. Operative treatment was performed immediately on the same day without delay. RESULTS: In both @entity1 a combined transanal and transabdominal approach was performed. First step was a diagnostic laparoscopy in order to exclude @entity298 . Using a single-port device (SILS    Port Covidien   ), transanal inspection of the @entity254 was also performed: In both @entity1 anastomotic tissue margins were vital, and the leakage affected only a quarter of the anastomotic circumference. Transanal stitches were placed to close the @entity834 . Laparoscopic transabdominal irrigation was performed, and two suction drainages were placed in the pelvis. Postoperative antibiotic treatment and a gradual return to slid food were carried out. Functional result at follow-up of 102 and 112  days (with rectoscopy) showed no residual leak and no stricture of the @entity254 , and both of @entity1 had a normal rectal function.

title: XXXX after laparoscopic single-port sigmoid resection: combined transanal and transabdominal minimal invasive management.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['fecal peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II/III diverticulitis']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['Anastomotic leakage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Executioner @entity57027 are proteases promoting cell death but non-apoptotic roles are being discovered. The heart expresses caspases only during development, suggesting they contribute to the organ maturation process. Therefore, we aimed at identifying novel functions of caspases in heart development. We induced simultaneous deletion of executioner @entity57027 in the @entity19 myocardium and studied its effects. Caspase knockout hearts are @entity2150 at birth, reaching normal weight progressively through @entity1184 . To identify the molecular pathways involved in these effects, we used microarray-based transcriptomics and multiplexed quantitative proteomics to compare wild type and executioner @entity8782 myocardium at different developmental stages. Transcriptomics showed reduced expression of genes promoting DNA replication and cell cycle progression in the neonatal @entity8782 heart suggesting reduced myocyte proliferation, and expression of non-cardiac isoforms of structural proteins in the adult null myocardium. Proteomics showed reduced abundance of proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation accompanied by increased abundance of glycolytic enzymes underscoring retarded metabolic maturation of the caspase-null myocardium. Correlation between mRNA expression and protein abundance of relevant genes was confirmed, but transcriptomics and proteomics indentified complementary molecular pathways influenced by caspases in the developing heart. Forced expression of wild type or proteolytically inactive caspases in cultured cardiomyocytes induced expression of genes promoting cell division. The results reveal that executioner caspases can modulate heart's cellularity and maturation during development, contributing novel information about caspase biology and heart development.

title: Executioner XXXX Deficiency Reduces Myocyte Number in the Developing @entity19 Heart.

entities_list: @entity8782 :: ('MESH:D056735', 'Disease') :: ['caspase-deficient']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic']

answer: @entity57027 :: (12367;12369,Gene) :: ['Caspase-3 and 7']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Executioner @entity57027 are proteases promoting cell death but non-apoptotic roles are being discovered. The heart expresses caspases only during development, suggesting they contribute to the organ maturation process. Therefore, we aimed at identifying novel functions of caspases in heart development. We induced simultaneous deletion of executioner @entity57027 in the @entity19 myocardium and studied its effects. Caspase knockout hearts are @entity2150 at birth, reaching normal weight progressively through @entity1184 . To identify the molecular pathways involved in these effects, we used microarray-based transcriptomics and multiplexed quantitative proteomics to compare wild type and executioner @entity8782 myocardium at different developmental stages. Transcriptomics showed reduced expression of genes promoting DNA replication and cell cycle progression in the neonatal @entity8782 heart suggesting reduced myocyte proliferation, and expression of non-cardiac isoforms of structural proteins in the adult null myocardium. Proteomics showed reduced abundance of proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation accompanied by increased abundance of glycolytic enzymes underscoring retarded metabolic maturation of the caspase-null myocardium. Correlation between mRNA expression and protein abundance of relevant genes was confirmed, but transcriptomics and proteomics indentified complementary molecular pathways influenced by caspases in the developing heart. Forced expression of wild type or proteolytically inactive caspases in cultured cardiomyocytes induced expression of genes promoting cell division. The results reveal that executioner caspases can modulate heart's cellularity and maturation during development, contributing novel information about caspase biology and heart development.

title: Executioner @entity57027 Deficiency Reduces Myocyte Number in the Developing XXXX Heart.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: To study the immediate effects of prolonged @entity661 during PTCA, 41 @entity1 (44 lesions) with @entity5749 were randomized for prolonged sequential inflations (three to five inflations of 3 to 5 min each, for a total duration of > or = 12 min, group 1, n = 20 lesions) or 'standard' sequential inflations (three to five inflations of < or = 1 min each, for a total duration of < or = 3 min, group 2, n = 24 lesions). The mean duration of @entity661 time was 958 +/- 129 s in group 1 vs 205 +/- 46 s in group 2. Results of angioplasty were assessed on both angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioscopy performed immediately after the procedure. High quality imaging of the coronary lumen and lesion morphology was possible on angioscopy in all @entity1 without any complications. Post-PTCA angiographic percent diameter stenosis was significantly less in group 1 compared to group 2: 26 +/- 10% vs 36 +/- 8% (P < 0.05). On angioscopy, flaps were seen in 16 @entity1 in group 2, but in only six in group 1 (P < 0.02). There was no difference in the incidence of thrombi on angioscopy between the two groups (group 1: nine cases, group 2: 10 cases). Sensitivity of angiographic detection of flaps and thrombi was poor: 10% and 12% respectively. One @entity1 in each group developed a longitudinal dissection, detected on both angiography and angioscopy. CONCLUSIONS: (1) prolonged sequential balloon inflations lead to less @entity850 after PTCA, with a decreased incidence of intimal flaps in comparison with standard inflations. (2) Post-PTCA transluminal coronary angioscopy is safe and offers better assessment of luminal effects of PTCA than angiography.

title: Angioscopic evaluation of prolonged vs XXXX during coronary angioplasty. A randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['residual luminal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['total balloon inflation']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['standard balloon inflations']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of mitral annular motion during diastole in 28 normal subjects, 40 @entity1 with prior @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and 23 @entity1 with @entity453 but without prior @entity583 . Mitral annular motion during diastole was obtained from the apex by M-mode echocardiography at the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Determinants of mitral annular excursion during early (MAE-E) and late diastole ( @entity38145 ) were investigated in all subjects. Differences in the MAE-E, @entity38145 , and the @entity38145 :MAE-E ratio were compared among the three @entity1 groups. The Doppler-derived transmitral flow velocity-time integral during early (EI) and late (AI) diastole and mitral annular excursions during diastole were obtained in 55 other @entity1 with a prior @entity583 and in 29 healthy volunteers. The relationships between the @entity38145 :MAE-E ratio and AI:EI ratio in these two groups were studied. The MAE-E was determined mainly by heart rate and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The @entity38145 was determined only by age. The magnitude of MAE-E was significantly less in @entity1 with a prior @entity583 than in normal subjects (P < 0.01). However, the @entity38145 did not differ among the three groups. The @entity38145 :MAE-E was higher in @entity1 with a prior @entity583 than in normal subjects (P < 0.05), and was significantly correlated with AI:EI in healthy volunteers (r = 0.65, P < 0.001) and in @entity1 with a prior @entity583 (r = 0.50, P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Diastolic mitral annular motion in normal subjects and @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of mitral annular motion during diastole in 28 normal subjects, 40 @entity1 with prior @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and 23 @entity1 with @entity453 but without prior @entity583 . Mitral annular motion during diastole was obtained from the apex by M-mode echocardiography at the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Determinants of mitral annular excursion during early (MAE-E) and late diastole ( @entity38145 ) were investigated in all subjects. Differences in the MAE-E, @entity38145 , and the @entity38145 :MAE-E ratio were compared among the three @entity1 groups. The Doppler-derived transmitral flow velocity-time integral during early (EI) and late (AI) diastole and mitral annular excursions during diastole were obtained in 55 other @entity1 with a prior @entity583 and in 29 healthy volunteers. The relationships between the @entity38145 :MAE-E ratio and AI:EI ratio in these two groups were studied. The MAE-E was determined mainly by heart rate and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The @entity38145 was determined only by age. The magnitude of MAE-E was significantly less in @entity1 with a prior @entity583 than in normal subjects (P < 0.01). However, the @entity38145 did not differ among the three groups. The @entity38145 :MAE-E was higher in @entity1 with a prior @entity583 than in normal subjects (P < 0.05), and was significantly correlated with AI:EI in healthy volunteers (r = 0.65, P < 0.001) and in @entity1 with a prior @entity583 (r = 0.50, P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Diastolic mitral annular motion in normal subjects and XXXX with @entity453 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the management and outcome of @entity39 ( @entity39 ) after caustic ingestion. BACKGROUND: Emergency pulmonary patch repair has been reported to be lifesaving in @entity1 with caustic @entity39 . METHODS: @entity1 who underwent management of caustic @entity39 between 1989 and 2013, were included. @entity39 was defined as early if present on admission and late if occurring thereafter. Operative outcomes, long-term survival, and functional outcomes were compared with those of 269 @entity1 without @entity39 who underwent esophagectomy for @entity130 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were included (10 @entity1 ; median age = 39 years). Early @entity39 was detected in 14 @entity1 , and late @entity39 occurred in 7 @entity1 , 8 days (range: 6-10 days) after admission. @entity39 involved the left bronchus (n = 17; 85%), the carina (n = 10; 50%), the supracarinal @entity825 (n = 9; 45%), the right bronchus (n = 4; 20%), and the cervical @entity825 (n = 3; 15%). Seventeen @entity1 underwent esophagogastrectomy, 2 underwent esophagectomy, and in 1 @entity1 , resection was eventually abandoned. Pulmonary patch repair was performed in 16 @entity1 (80%). Nine @entity1 (45%) died and morbidity was 100%. In univariate analysis, late @entity39 (P = 0.017) and acid ingestion (P = 0.002) were predictors of mortality. All survivors underwent restoring colopharyngoplasty. Five-year survival (28%) and functional success (25%) rates were significantly impaired when compared with esophagectomy @entity1 without @entity39 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity39 is one of the most devastating complications of caustic ingestion. Pulmonary patch repair is technically simple and can be lifesaving in this difficult situation.

title: XXXX After Caustic Ingestion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['caustic injuries']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['TBN', 'tracheobronchial necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['Tracheobronchial Necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is a poorly understood and potentially devastating complication of hepatic @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for @entity96 . Previous work has demonstrated that @entity8 ( @entity8 ) can ameliorate @entity99 in @entity35 . We hypothesized that @entity1161 inhibits generation of cellular @entity855 and suppresses hepatic regeneration. METHODS: To study the metabolic changes that occur in @entity99 with and without @entity8 , @entity9715 MRSI data were acquired in @entity35 treated with partial hepatectomy (PH) alone, PH with hepatic irradiation (PHRT) or PHRT with @entity8 (PHRT+ @entity8 ). RESULTS: Both [y - @entity855 ] and @entity855 /Pi @entity9715 MRSI signal ratio initially decreased and subsequently returned to baseline levels within 2 weeks after PH, which is consistent with other published data. Persistently reduced [y- @entity855 ] and @entity855 /Pi @entity9715 MRSI signal ratio were observed in @entity35 up to 20 weeks after PHRT. However, progressive increases in [y - @entity855 ] were observed over time in the group of @entity35 receiving PHRT+ @entity8 . Normal [y - @entity855 ] was observed 20 weeks after PHRT+ @entity8 (vs. PH alone), although, @entity855 /Pi levels did not return to normal after PHRT + @entity8 . Ex vivo histological studies were performed to confirm liver repopulation with transplanted hepatocytes and the amelioration of pathologic changes of @entity99 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity9715 MRSI can be used to monitor the progress of @entity99 and its amelioration using transplanted hepatocytes to simultaneously restore metabolic function while replacing host hepatocytes damaged by @entity1161 .

title: Liver regeneration and energetic changes in @entity35 following hepatic @entity1161 and XXXX by     P MRSI.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hepatocyte transplantation']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancers']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['RILD', 'Radiation-induced liver damage']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['hepatocyte transplantation']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is a poorly understood and potentially devastating complication of hepatic @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for @entity96 . Previous work has demonstrated that @entity8 ( @entity8 ) can ameliorate @entity99 in @entity35 . We hypothesized that @entity1161 inhibits generation of cellular @entity855 and suppresses hepatic regeneration. METHODS: To study the metabolic changes that occur in @entity99 with and without @entity8 , @entity9715 MRSI data were acquired in @entity35 treated with partial hepatectomy (PH) alone, PH with hepatic irradiation (PHRT) or PHRT with @entity8 (PHRT+ @entity8 ). RESULTS: Both [y - @entity855 ] and @entity855 /Pi @entity9715 MRSI signal ratio initially decreased and subsequently returned to baseline levels within 2 weeks after PH, which is consistent with other published data. Persistently reduced [y- @entity855 ] and @entity855 /Pi @entity9715 MRSI signal ratio were observed in @entity35 up to 20 weeks after PHRT. However, progressive increases in [y - @entity855 ] were observed over time in the group of @entity35 receiving PHRT+ @entity8 . Normal [y - @entity855 ] was observed 20 weeks after PHRT+ @entity8 (vs. PH alone), although, @entity855 /Pi levels did not return to normal after PHRT + @entity8 . Ex vivo histological studies were performed to confirm liver repopulation with transplanted hepatocytes and the amelioration of pathologic changes of @entity99 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity9715 MRSI can be used to monitor the progress of @entity99 and its amelioration using transplanted hepatocytes to simultaneously restore metabolic function while replacing host hepatocytes damaged by @entity1161 .

title: Liver regeneration and energetic changes in @entity35 following hepatic XXXX and @entity8 by     P MRSI.

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is a poorly understood and potentially devastating complication of hepatic @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for @entity96 . Previous work has demonstrated that @entity8 ( @entity8 ) can ameliorate @entity99 in @entity35 . We hypothesized that @entity1161 inhibits generation of cellular @entity855 and suppresses hepatic regeneration. METHODS: To study the metabolic changes that occur in @entity99 with and without @entity8 , @entity9715 MRSI data were acquired in @entity35 treated with partial hepatectomy (PH) alone, PH with hepatic irradiation (PHRT) or PHRT with @entity8 (PHRT+ @entity8 ). RESULTS: Both [y - @entity855 ] and @entity855 /Pi @entity9715 MRSI signal ratio initially decreased and subsequently returned to baseline levels within 2 weeks after PH, which is consistent with other published data. Persistently reduced [y- @entity855 ] and @entity855 /Pi @entity9715 MRSI signal ratio were observed in @entity35 up to 20 weeks after PHRT. However, progressive increases in [y - @entity855 ] were observed over time in the group of @entity35 receiving PHRT+ @entity8 . Normal [y - @entity855 ] was observed 20 weeks after PHRT+ @entity8 (vs. PH alone), although, @entity855 /Pi levels did not return to normal after PHRT + @entity8 . Ex vivo histological studies were performed to confirm liver repopulation with transplanted hepatocytes and the amelioration of pathologic changes of @entity99 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity9715 MRSI can be used to monitor the progress of @entity99 and its amelioration using transplanted hepatocytes to simultaneously restore metabolic function while replacing host hepatocytes damaged by @entity1161 .

title: Liver regeneration and energetic changes in XXXX following hepatic @entity1161 and @entity8 by     P MRSI.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although oral @entity3652 has been used in some cases to reduce @entity158 in @entity1 , the use of this drug to reduce @entity158 after tonsillectomy has not been studied yet. METHODS: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 2009 in 92 @entity1 who were aged three to nine years old, met ASA I or II criteria, and were candidate for tonsillectomy. @entity1 were divided randomly into two groups. Half an hour before general anesthesia, 5 mg/kg @entity3652 mixed in 2 cc/kg apple juice was given to the @entity1 in oral @entity3652 group and 2 cc/kg of apple juice alone was given to the @entity1 in the peritonsillar group. After general anesthesia and three minutes before surgery 1 cc of 0.9% normal saline in the oral group and 1cc of @entity3652 (0.5 mg/kg) in the peritonsillar group was injected to the tonsil bed of @entity1 . RESULTS: There was no difference between the two groups in terms of sex, age, and weight. Duration of surgery was significantly shorter in the peritonsillar group (P < 0.001) and the severity of @entity86 was significantly higher in peritonsillar group (P = 0.022). However, @entity86 recurred in 25 @entity1 (27%) and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The level of @entity158 in @entity1 six hours after surgery according to CHEOPS criteria was significantly lower in the peritonsillar group (0.9    0.8) than in the oral group (2.6    1) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The finding of this study showed that, compared with the peritonsillar infiltration of @entity3652 , the use of oral @entity3652 before general anesthesia was less effective in reducing postoperative @entity158 in @entity1 .

title: COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF ORAL VS. PERITONSILLAR INFILTRATION OF XXXX IN PAIN REDUCTION AFTER TONSILLECTOMY: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain of tonsillectomy', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['KETAMINE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Histone H1, referred to as the linker histone, associates with the nucleosome core particle. While there is indication that the budding @entity375 version of histone H1 ( @entity40651 ) contributes to regulation of chromatin structure and certain chromatin-related processes, such as DNA double-strand break repair, cells lacking @entity40651 are healthy and display subtle phenotypes. A recent report has revealed that @entity40651 is required for optimal sporulation. The studies described here were conducted to determine whether @entity40651 influences meiotic recombination, an event that occurs during sporulation, involves generation and repair of DNA double-strand breaks, and is critical for spore viability. FINDINGS: Through tetrad analysis, cells with or without @entity40651 were compared for meiotic reciprocal recombination events within several chromosome XV intervals. Parameters investigated included crossover frequency (genetic map distance) and crossover interference. No significant differences were detected between the two cell types. In agreement with earlier studies, spore viability was not affected by @entity40651 absence. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that complete absence of @entity40651 from chromatin does not affect reciprocal recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Therefore, the basal level of @entity40651 that remains after its reported depletion early in meiosis is unlikely to be important for regulating recombination. Furthermore, the subsequent accumulation of @entity40651 as the haploid products mature does not appear to be crucial for spore viability.

title: Evidence that histone H1 is dispensable for proper meiotic recombination in budding XXXX .

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Integration between descending and ascending inputs at supraspinal and spinal levels is a key characteristic of neural control of movement. In this study, we characterized convergence of the flexor reflex and corticospinal inputs on the tibialis anterior (TA) network in healthy @entity1 subjects. Specifically, we characterized the modulation profiles of the spinal TA flexor reflex following subthreshold and suprathreshold @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ). We also characterized the modulation profiles of the TA motor evoked potentials (MEPs) following medial arch foot stimulation at sensory and above reflex threshold. METHODS: TA flexor reflexes were evoked following stimulation of the medial arch of the foot with a 30ms pulse train at innocuous intensities. TA MEPs were evoked following @entity9808 of the leg motor cortex area. RESULTS: @entity9808 at 0.7 and at 1.2MEP resting threshold increased the TA flexor reflex when @entity9808 was delivered 40-100ms after foot stimulation, and decreased the TA flexor reflex when @entity9808 was delivered 25-110ms before foot stimulation. Foot stimulation at sensory and above flexor reflex threshold induced a similar time-dependent modulation in resting TA MEPs, that were facilitated when foot stimulation was delivered 40-100ms before @entity9808 . The flexor reflex and MEPs recorded from the medial hamstring muscle were modulated in a similar manner to that observed for the TA flexor reflex and MEP. CONCLUSION: Cutaneomuscular afferents from the distal foot can increase the output of the leg motor cortex area. Descending motor volleys that directly or indirectly depolarize flexor motoneurons increase the output of the spinal FRA interneuronal network. The parallel facilitation of flexor MEPs and flexor reflexes is likely cortical in origin. SIGNIFICANCE: Afferent mediated facilitation of corticospinal excitability can be utilized to strengthen motor cortex output in @entity16 .

title: Convergence of flexor reflex and corticospinal inputs on tibialis anterior network in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9808 :: ('MESH:C536917', 'Disease') :: ['TMS', 'transcranial magnetic stimulation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The dynamic mutability of microsatellite repeats is implicated in the modification of gene function and disease phenotype. Studies of the enhanced instability of long trinucleotide repeats (TNRs)-the cause of multiple @entity1 diseases-have revealed a remarkable complexity of mutagenic mechanisms. Here, we show that cold, heat, @entity519 , and oxidative stresses induce mutagenesis of a long CAG repeat tract in @entity1 cells. We show that stress-response factors mediate the stress-induced mutagenesis (SIM) of CAG repeats. We show further that SIM of CAG repeats does not involve mismatch repair, @entity377 excision repair, or transcription, processes that are known to promote @entity31423 mutagenesis in other pathways of instability. Instead, we find that these stresses stimulate DNA rereplication, increasing the proportion of cells with >4 C-value (C) DNA content. Knockdown of the replication origin-licensing factor @entity27473 eliminates both stress-induced rereplication and CAG repeat mutagenesis. In addition, direct induction of rereplication in the absence of stress also increases the proportion of cells with >4C DNA content and promotes repeat mutagenesis. Thus, environmental stress triggers a unique pathway for @entity31423 mutagenesis that likely is mediated by DNA rereplication. This pathway may impact normal cells as they encounter stresses in their environment or during development or abnormal cells as they evolve metastatic potential.

title: Environmental stress induces trinucleotide repeat mutagenesis in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have linked an increase in functional and pathological @entity344 following antecedent @entity1902 ( @entity1902 ), yet studies of other chronic @entity344 such as @entity11581 ( @entity11581 ) and @entity1944 ( @entity1944 ) are lacking. This study was performed to evaluate the association between documented @entity1902 and the risk of @entity11581 and @entity1944 using a matched case-control study. METHODS: The odds of @entity1902 (exposure) among subjects with @entity11581 and @entity1944 were compared to the odds of exposure in matched controls. Data were obtained from the Defense Medical Surveillance System. Incidence was estimated based on the number of active duty military personnel, and conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between @entity1902 and @entity11581 / @entity1944 while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity11581 and @entity1944 was 0.24 and 1.98 per 100,000 @entity1 -years, respectively. After adjusting for important covariates, prior @entity1902 was associated with an increase in the odds of @entity11581 (odds ratio (OR) 36.64) and @entity1944 (OR 3.93) (p  <  0.001). Other covariates demonstrating an increased risk were being of Caucasian race, having greater than high school education, and service in military branches other than the Army. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study demonstrates the first significant estimates that a case of antecedent @entity1902 is associated with an increased risk of @entity11581 and @entity1944 in an active duty military population. Ultimately, acquisition of @entity11581 or @entity1944 has the potential to decrease operational efficiency, which may have a significant impact on deployed military missions.

title: XXXX as a Risk Factor for @entity11581 and Malabsorption: A Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['IM', 'intestinal malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity11581 :: ('MESH:D013182', 'Disease') :: ['tropical sprue', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI disorders', 'gastrointestinal (GI) disorders']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['infectious gastroenteritis', 'IGE']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['Infectious Gastroenteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have linked an increase in functional and pathological @entity344 following antecedent @entity1902 ( @entity1902 ), yet studies of other chronic @entity344 such as @entity11581 ( @entity11581 ) and @entity1944 ( @entity1944 ) are lacking. This study was performed to evaluate the association between documented @entity1902 and the risk of @entity11581 and @entity1944 using a matched case-control study. METHODS: The odds of @entity1902 (exposure) among subjects with @entity11581 and @entity1944 were compared to the odds of exposure in matched controls. Data were obtained from the Defense Medical Surveillance System. Incidence was estimated based on the number of active duty military personnel, and conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between @entity1902 and @entity11581 / @entity1944 while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity11581 and @entity1944 was 0.24 and 1.98 per 100,000 @entity1 -years, respectively. After adjusting for important covariates, prior @entity1902 was associated with an increase in the odds of @entity11581 (odds ratio (OR) 36.64) and @entity1944 (OR 3.93) (p  <  0.001). Other covariates demonstrating an increased risk were being of Caucasian race, having greater than high school education, and service in military branches other than the Army. CONCLUSION: Overall, this study demonstrates the first significant estimates that a case of antecedent @entity1902 is associated with an increased risk of @entity11581 and @entity1944 in an active duty military population. Ultimately, acquisition of @entity11581 or @entity1944 has the potential to decrease operational efficiency, which may have a significant impact on deployed military missions.

title: @entity1902 as a Risk Factor for XXXX and Malabsorption: A Case-Control Study.

answer: @entity11581 :: (MESH:D013182,Disease) :: ['Tropical Sprue']


abstract: Social support and pet ownership, a nonhuman form of social support, have both been associated with @entity453 survival. The independent effects of pet ownership, social support, disease severity, and other psychosocial factors on 1-year survival after acute @entity583 are examined prospectively. The @entity943 Suppression Trial provided physiologic data on a group of post- @entity583 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity943 . An ancillary study provided psychosocial data, including pet ownership, social support, recent life events, future life events, @entity148 , @entity308 , coronary prone behavior, and expression of anger. Subjects (n = 424) were randomly selected from @entity1 attending participating @entity943 Suppression Trial sites and completed baseline psychosocial questionnaires. One year survival data were obtained from 369 @entity1 (87%), of whom 112 (30.4%) owned pets and 20 (5.4%) died. Logistic regression indicates that high social support (p < 0.068) and owning a pet (p = 0.085) tend to predict survival independent of physiologic severity and demographic and other psychosocial factors. @entity235 owners (n = 87, 1 died) are significantly less likely to die within 1 year than those who did not own @entity235 (n = 282, 19 died; p < 0.05); amount of social support is also an independent predictor of survival (p = 0.065). Both pet ownership and social support are significant predictors of survival, independent of the effects of the other psychosocial factors and physiologic status. These data confirm and extend previous findings relating pet ownership and social support to survival among @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Pet ownership, social support, and one-year survival after acute @entity583 in the XXXX Suppression Trial (CAST).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'increased coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'Cardiac Arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Arrhythmia']


abstract: Social support and pet ownership, a nonhuman form of social support, have both been associated with @entity453 survival. The independent effects of pet ownership, social support, disease severity, and other psychosocial factors on 1-year survival after acute @entity583 are examined prospectively. The @entity943 Suppression Trial provided physiologic data on a group of post- @entity583 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity943 . An ancillary study provided psychosocial data, including pet ownership, social support, recent life events, future life events, @entity148 , @entity308 , coronary prone behavior, and expression of anger. Subjects (n = 424) were randomly selected from @entity1 attending participating @entity943 Suppression Trial sites and completed baseline psychosocial questionnaires. One year survival data were obtained from 369 @entity1 (87%), of whom 112 (30.4%) owned pets and 20 (5.4%) died. Logistic regression indicates that high social support (p < 0.068) and owning a pet (p = 0.085) tend to predict survival independent of physiologic severity and demographic and other psychosocial factors. @entity235 owners (n = 87, 1 died) are significantly less likely to die within 1 year than those who did not own @entity235 (n = 282, 19 died; p < 0.05); amount of social support is also an independent predictor of survival (p = 0.065). Both pet ownership and social support are significant predictors of survival, independent of the effects of the other psychosocial factors and physiologic status. These data confirm and extend previous findings relating pet ownership and social support to survival among @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Pet ownership, social support, and one-year survival after acute XXXX in the @entity943 Suppression Trial (CAST).

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11849 ( @entity11849 ) is the second most lethal toxin known; it has been designated by the CDC as a select agent. @entity11849 is made by the @entity9377 plant; an estimated 50,000 tons of @entity11849 are produced annually as a by-product of castor oil. @entity11849 has two subunits, a ribotoxic A chain (RTA) and @entity3649 -binding B chain (RTB). @entity11849 binds to all @entity1 cells and once internalized, a single RTA catalytically inactivates all of the ribosomes in a cell. Administered as an aerosol, @entity11849 causes rapid @entity358 and @entity82 followed by @entity204 . There are no Food and Drug Administration-approved vaccines and treatments are only effective in the first few hours after exposure. We have developed a recombinant RTA vaccine that has two mutations @entity71336 / @entity71337 (RiVax). The protein is expressed in @entity526 and is nontoxic and immunogenic in @entity19 , @entity95 , and @entity1 . When vaccinated @entity19 are challenged with injected, aerosolized, or orally administered (gavaged) @entity11849 , they are completely protected. We have now developed a thermostable, @entity3775 -adjuvant-containing formulation of RiVax and tested it in @entity2608 . After three injections, the animals developed antibodies that completely protected them from a lethal dose of aerosolized @entity11849 . These antibodies neutralized @entity11849 and competed to varying degrees with a panel of neutralizing and nonneutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies known to recognize specific epitopes on native RTA. The resulting antibody competition profile could represent an immunologic signature of protection. Importantly, the same signature was observed using sera from RiVax-immunized @entity1 .

title: Thermostable ricin vaccine protects XXXX against aerosolized ricin: Epitope-specific neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity71336 :: ('p|SUB|V|76|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V76M']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung damage']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity71337 :: ('p|SUB|Y|80|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Y80A']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus macaques']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the UK, despite the import and use of all forms of asbestos being banned more than 15 years ago, the incidence of @entity2615 continues to rise. Mesothelioma is almost invariably fatal, and more research is required, not only to find more effective treatments, but also to achieve an earlier diagnosis and improve palliative care. Following a debate in the House of Lords in July 2013, a package of measures was agreed, which included a James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership, funded by the National Institute for Health Research. The partnership brought together @entity1 , carers, health professionals and support organisations to agree the top 10 research priorities relating to the diagnosis, treatment and care of @entity1 with @entity2615 . METHODS: Following the established James Lind Alliance priority setting process, @entity2615 @entity1 , current and bereaved carers, and health professionals were surveyed to elicit their concerns regarding diagnosis, treatment and care. Research questions were generated from the survey responses, and following checks that the questions were currently unanswered, an interim prioritisation survey was conducted to identify a shortlist of questions to take to a final consensus meeting. FINDINGS: Four hundred and fifty-three initial surveys were returned, which were refined into 52 unique unanswered research questions. The interim prioritisation survey was completed by 202 responders, and the top 30 questions were taken to a final meeting where @entity2615 @entity1 , carers, and health professionals prioritised all the questions, and reached a consensus on the top 10. INTERPRETATION: The top 10 questions cover a wide portfolio of research (including assessing the value of immunotherapy, individualised chemotherapy, second-line treatment and immediate chemotherapy, monitoring @entity1 with @entity456 , defining the management of @entity298 , and optimising follow-up strategy). This list is an invaluable resource, which should be used to inform the prioritisation and funding of future @entity2615 research.

title: Research priorities in XXXX : A James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership.

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['ascites in peritoneal mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peak @entity26 uptake (V  O2peak) is a well-established prognostic marker in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides physiological parameters other than V  O2peak that might have prognostic value. We aimed at determining whether exercise recovery data kinetics have prognostic implications over V  O2peak and @entity712 Survival Score. METHODS: Exercise data from 200 consecutive @entity712 @entity1 evaluated for possible heart transplantation and received CPET at our institution between 2004 and 2011 were analyzed. The rate of recovery of @entity26 uptake ( @entity4962 ) at 2 minutes after exercise ( @entity4962 - @entity24716 ) was calculated using the difference between V  O2peak and @entity4962 at minute 2 of recovery and expressed as a percentage of V  O2peak. The composite primary end point was the time from CPET to the first event including death, heart transplant, or mechanical heart implantation. RESULTS: Mean follow-up period was 1271    61 days during which there were 108 first events including 35 @entity204 , 66 heart transplants, and 7 mechanical heart implantations. The strongest prognostic factors in the univariate analysis were @entity4962 - @entity24716 , V  O2peak, @entity4962 efficiency slope, and ventilation to @entity544 excretion ratio slope (all P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity4962 - @entity24716 (P < 0.0001), ventilation to @entity544 excretion ratio slope (P  = 0.0022), use of @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (P  = 0.0042), presence of a defibrillator (P  = 0.0127), and mean arterial pressure (P  = 0.0151) were independent predictors of event-free survival time. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4962 - @entity24716 was the strongest prognostic marker of death, heart transplantation, and mechanical heart implantation in severe @entity712 . This finding should be confirmed prospectively.

title: Prognostic Value of XXXX Kinetics During Recovery From Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in @entity1 with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'Heart Failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peak @entity26 uptake (V  O2peak) is a well-established prognostic marker in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides physiological parameters other than V  O2peak that might have prognostic value. We aimed at determining whether exercise recovery data kinetics have prognostic implications over V  O2peak and @entity712 Survival Score. METHODS: Exercise data from 200 consecutive @entity712 @entity1 evaluated for possible heart transplantation and received CPET at our institution between 2004 and 2011 were analyzed. The rate of recovery of @entity26 uptake ( @entity4962 ) at 2 minutes after exercise ( @entity4962 - @entity24716 ) was calculated using the difference between V  O2peak and @entity4962 at minute 2 of recovery and expressed as a percentage of V  O2peak. The composite primary end point was the time from CPET to the first event including death, heart transplant, or mechanical heart implantation. RESULTS: Mean follow-up period was 1271    61 days during which there were 108 first events including 35 @entity204 , 66 heart transplants, and 7 mechanical heart implantations. The strongest prognostic factors in the univariate analysis were @entity4962 - @entity24716 , V  O2peak, @entity4962 efficiency slope, and ventilation to @entity544 excretion ratio slope (all P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity4962 - @entity24716 (P < 0.0001), ventilation to @entity544 excretion ratio slope (P  = 0.0022), use of @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (P  = 0.0042), presence of a defibrillator (P  = 0.0127), and mean arterial pressure (P  = 0.0151) were independent predictors of event-free survival time. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4962 - @entity24716 was the strongest prognostic marker of death, heart transplantation, and mechanical heart implantation in severe @entity712 . This finding should be confirmed prospectively.

title: Prognostic Value of @entity26 Kinetics During Recovery From Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Chronic Heart Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peak @entity26 uptake (V  O2peak) is a well-established prognostic marker in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides physiological parameters other than V  O2peak that might have prognostic value. We aimed at determining whether exercise recovery data kinetics have prognostic implications over V  O2peak and @entity712 Survival Score. METHODS: Exercise data from 200 consecutive @entity712 @entity1 evaluated for possible heart transplantation and received CPET at our institution between 2004 and 2011 were analyzed. The rate of recovery of @entity26 uptake ( @entity4962 ) at 2 minutes after exercise ( @entity4962 - @entity24716 ) was calculated using the difference between V  O2peak and @entity4962 at minute 2 of recovery and expressed as a percentage of V  O2peak. The composite primary end point was the time from CPET to the first event including death, heart transplant, or mechanical heart implantation. RESULTS: Mean follow-up period was 1271    61 days during which there were 108 first events including 35 @entity204 , 66 heart transplants, and 7 mechanical heart implantations. The strongest prognostic factors in the univariate analysis were @entity4962 - @entity24716 , V  O2peak, @entity4962 efficiency slope, and ventilation to @entity544 excretion ratio slope (all P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity4962 - @entity24716 (P < 0.0001), ventilation to @entity544 excretion ratio slope (P  = 0.0022), use of @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (P  = 0.0042), presence of a defibrillator (P  = 0.0127), and mean arterial pressure (P  = 0.0151) were independent predictors of event-free survival time. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4962 - @entity24716 was the strongest prognostic marker of death, heart transplantation, and mechanical heart implantation in severe @entity712 . This finding should be confirmed prospectively.

title: Prognostic Value of @entity26 Kinetics During Recovery From Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in XXXX with @entity712 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conventional chemotherapy fails to cure metastatic @entity157 mainly due to its high hepatotoxicity. Currently, doxorubicin is the most widely used drug against @entity96 either as single agent or in combination with other chemotherapeutics like cisplatin. It is limited due to their severe @entity137 on normal hepatocytes. Therefore, alternative therapeutic agents without or with low hepatotoxicity are highly desirable. Interferons are a family of cytokines that potently demonstrate antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-proliferative activities. It also exerts direct cytotoxic effects on @entity5 cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vitro @entity137 of interferon b on HepG2 cells. We revealed the presence of binding receptor of interferon b in HepG2 cells. The dose-dependent inhibition on cell proliferation was observed. We demonstrated that @entity2391 exhibited significant @entity137 in HepG2 cells mainly through phosphorylation of signal transducers and activators of transcription2. The activation of Akt was suppressed. The stimulation of pro-apoptotic protein expression of @entity589 , inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein expression of @entity588 , activation of cleaved caspase 9 _ 3, was found at increasing concentrations. In conclusion, our results suggest that interferon b has potential to inhibit cell proliferation dose-dependently. Increased concentrations of interferon b influenced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway through inhibition of p-Akt. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Inhibitory effects of interferon b on XXXX HepG2 via Akt/STAT phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), deposition of amyloid-beta Ab, a proteolytic cleavage of @entity477 ( @entity477 ) by b-secretase/ @entity6705 , forms @entity527 in the brain. @entity6705 activation is caused due to oxidative stresses and dysfunction of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is linked to @entity876 inactivation. As partial suppression of @entity6705 attenuates Ab generation and @entity195 -related pathology, it might be an ideal target for @entity195 treatment. We have shown that both in neurons and in HEK- @entity477 cells, @entity6705 is a new substrate of E3-ligase CHIP and an inverse relation exists between CHIP and @entity6705 level. CHIP inhibits ectopic @entity6705 level by promoting its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus reducing @entity477 processing; it stabilizes @entity477 in neurons, thus reducing Ab. CHIP(U) (box) domain physically interacts with @entity6705 ; however, both U-box and TPR domain are essential for ubiquitination and degradation of @entity6705 . Further, @entity6705 is a downstream target of @entity876 and overexpression of @entity876 decreases @entity6705 level. In HEK- @entity477 cells, CHIP is shown to negatively regulate @entity6705 promoter through stabilization of @entity876 's DNA-binding conformation and its binding upon 5' UTR element (+127 to +150). We have thus discovered that CHIP regulates @entity876 -mediated trans-repression of @entity6705 at both transcriptional and post-translational level. We propose that a CHIP- @entity6705 - @entity876 feedback loop might control @entity477 stabilization, which could further be utilized for new therapeutic intervention in @entity195 .

title: CHIP stabilizes XXXX via proteasomal degradation and @entity876 -mediated trans-repression of b-secretase.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['senile plaque']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['APP', 'amyloid precursor protein']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity477 :: (351,Gene) :: ['amyloid precursor protein']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), deposition of amyloid-beta Ab, a proteolytic cleavage of @entity477 ( @entity477 ) by b-secretase/ @entity6705 , forms @entity527 in the brain. @entity6705 activation is caused due to oxidative stresses and dysfunction of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is linked to @entity876 inactivation. As partial suppression of @entity6705 attenuates Ab generation and @entity195 -related pathology, it might be an ideal target for @entity195 treatment. We have shown that both in neurons and in HEK- @entity477 cells, @entity6705 is a new substrate of E3-ligase CHIP and an inverse relation exists between CHIP and @entity6705 level. CHIP inhibits ectopic @entity6705 level by promoting its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus reducing @entity477 processing; it stabilizes @entity477 in neurons, thus reducing Ab. CHIP(U) (box) domain physically interacts with @entity6705 ; however, both U-box and TPR domain are essential for ubiquitination and degradation of @entity6705 . Further, @entity6705 is a downstream target of @entity876 and overexpression of @entity876 decreases @entity6705 level. In HEK- @entity477 cells, CHIP is shown to negatively regulate @entity6705 promoter through stabilization of @entity876 's DNA-binding conformation and its binding upon 5' UTR element (+127 to +150). We have thus discovered that CHIP regulates @entity876 -mediated trans-repression of @entity6705 at both transcriptional and post-translational level. We propose that a CHIP- @entity6705 - @entity876 feedback loop might control @entity477 stabilization, which could further be utilized for new therapeutic intervention in @entity195 .

title: CHIP stabilizes @entity477 via proteasomal degradation and XXXX -mediated trans-repression of b-secretase.

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2749 ( @entity2749 )- @entity6 and the @entity1602 state-are the most serious acute metabolic complications of @entity6 . We aimed to investigate the subsequent mortality after HCE in the non-elderly @entity6 which is still unclear. This retrospective national population-based cohort study reviewed, in Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, data from 23,079 non-elder @entity1 ( <=65  years) with new-onset @entity6 between 2000 and 2002: 7693 @entity1 with HCE and 15,386 @entity1 without HCE (1:2). Both groups were compared, and follow-up prognoses were done until 2011. One thousand eighty-five (14.1  %) @entity1 with HCE and 725 (4.71  %) @entity1 without HCE died (P  <  0.0001) during follow-up. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) of mortality were 3.24 times higher in @entity1 with HCE than in @entity1 without HCE (P  <  0.0001). Individual analysis of @entity6 and @entity1602 state also showed the similar result with combination of both. After stratification by age, mortality was significant higher in the middle age (40-64  years) [IRR 3.29; 95  % confidence interval (CI) 2.98-3.64] and young adult (18-39  years) (IRR 3.91; 95  % CI 3.28-4.66), but not in the pediatric subgroup (<18  years) (IRR 1.28; 95  % CI 0.21-7.64). The mortality risk was highest in the first month (IRR 54.43; 95  % CI 27.98-105.89), and still high after 8  years (IRR 2.05; 95  % CI 1.55-2.71). After adjusting for age, gender, and selected comorbidities, the mortality hazard ratio for @entity1 with HCE was still four times higher than for @entity1 without HCE. Moreover, older age, male gender, @entity64 , @entity5 , @entity1030 , @entity712 , and @entity409 were independent mortality predictors. HCE significantly increases the subsequent mortality risk in the non-elderly with @entity6 . Strategies for prevention and control of comorbidities are needed as soon as possible.

title: Subsequent mortality after XXXX crisis episode in the non-elderly: a national population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperglycemic crisis episodes', 'HCEs']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperosmolar hyperglycemic']

answer: @entity1602 :: (MESH:D006944,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether combined chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) confers a benefit for survival outcome over radiotherapy (RT) alone after primary surgery in @entity1 with FIGO stage IIIC @entity1204 . METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of @entity1 with surgical stage IIIC endometrial cancer from 1990 to 2011. Adjuvant RT alone was performed in 85 @entity1 (40.3%) and adjuvant CTRT in 126 @entity1 (59.7%). @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Stage IIIC1 and stage IIIC2 accounted for 63% and 37%, respectively. FIGO IIIC2 had a higher recurrence rate than FIGO IIIC1 (38.5% vs. 29.3%, p=0.172). Five-year @entity1349 and @entity66 were lower in FIGO IIIC2 than FIGO IIIC1 (85.1% vs. 76.9%, p=0.417; 71.0% vs. 59.2%, p=0.108, respectively). Eighteen @entity1 (13.5%) in stage IIIC1 developed PALN recurrence, whereas only one (3.3%) in stage IIIC2 had PALN recurrence (p=0.001). In multivariate analysis, predictors of @entity66 were parametrial invasion (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.83-6.64; p<0.001), higher grade (HR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.31-5.89; p=0.008), and >3 positive pelvic nodes (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.11-3.05; p=0.019). Combined CTRT did not affect @entity66 or @entity1349 in IIIC1 and IIIC2 compared with RT alone. CONCLUSION: CTRT showed comparable survival outcome to RT alone. Half of relapses (46%) in stage IIIC1 occurred in PALN region, whereas relapse in stage IIIC2 primarily occurred in distant @entity3 (90%). Future randomized studies are needed to determine which subgroup may be most likely to benefit from CCRT.

title: A multicenter analysis of adjuvant therapy after surgery for stage IIIC XXXX : A Korean Radiation Oncology Group study (KROG 13-17).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Disease-free survival', 'DFS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether vaginal @entity396 7 days rather than 3 days after @entity1499 injection increases the percent of successful abortions on the day of @entity396 administration. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was performed in @entity1 requesting an abortion at < or = 56 days' gestation. Eighty-six @entity1 were treated with @entity1499 50 mg/m2 intramuscularly followed 3 days (group 1) or 7 days (group 2) later by vaginal @entity396 800 micrograms. The @entity396 dose was repeated if the abortion did not occur. RESULTS: @entity5852 occurred in 38 of 46 (83%) @entity1 in group 1 and 39 of 40 (98%) in group 2 (p = 0.033). Of the @entity1 with complete abortions, 30 of 46 (65%) in group 1 and 27 of 40 (68%) in group 2 aborted the same day as the first or second dose of @entity396 (p = 0.823). @entity3556 lasted 14 +/- 5 (mean +/- SD) days in group 1 and 17 +/- 9 days in group 2. The remaining @entity1 aborted after a delay of 24 +/- 6 days in group 1 and 28 +/- 13 days in group 2. For these @entity1 vaginal @entity548 lasted 18 +/- 17 and 14 +/- 7 days, respectively, and the @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin-beta level was < or = 25 IU/L by 22 +/- 7 days after the abortion in group 1 and 19 +/- 9 days in group 2. Treatment failures in group 1 were four continuing pregnancies (9%), two @entity6003 (4%), and two @entity1 who requested surgical termination after receiving both medications (4%). The treatment failure in group 2 was an @entity6003 . @entity1499 and @entity396 side effects were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1499 and vaginal @entity396 are more effective abortifacients when the @entity396 is given 7 days rather than 3 days after @entity1499 . This treatment regimen may offer an alternative to surgical abortion or the use of antiprogestins and @entity3009 for medical abortion.

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity396 three and seven days after XXXX for @entity5852 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6003 :: ('MESH:D000027', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete abortions', 'incomplete abortion']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['Vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['Complete abortion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether vaginal @entity396 7 days rather than 3 days after @entity1499 injection increases the percent of successful abortions on the day of @entity396 administration. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was performed in @entity1 requesting an abortion at < or = 56 days' gestation. Eighty-six @entity1 were treated with @entity1499 50 mg/m2 intramuscularly followed 3 days (group 1) or 7 days (group 2) later by vaginal @entity396 800 micrograms. The @entity396 dose was repeated if the abortion did not occur. RESULTS: @entity5852 occurred in 38 of 46 (83%) @entity1 in group 1 and 39 of 40 (98%) in group 2 (p = 0.033). Of the @entity1 with complete abortions, 30 of 46 (65%) in group 1 and 27 of 40 (68%) in group 2 aborted the same day as the first or second dose of @entity396 (p = 0.823). @entity3556 lasted 14 +/- 5 (mean +/- SD) days in group 1 and 17 +/- 9 days in group 2. The remaining @entity1 aborted after a delay of 24 +/- 6 days in group 1 and 28 +/- 13 days in group 2. For these @entity1 vaginal @entity548 lasted 18 +/- 17 and 14 +/- 7 days, respectively, and the @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin-beta level was < or = 25 IU/L by 22 +/- 7 days after the abortion in group 1 and 19 +/- 9 days in group 2. Treatment failures in group 1 were four continuing pregnancies (9%), two @entity6003 (4%), and two @entity1 who requested surgical termination after receiving both medications (4%). The treatment failure in group 2 was an @entity6003 . @entity1499 and @entity396 side effects were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1499 and vaginal @entity396 are more effective abortifacients when the @entity396 is given 7 days rather than 3 days after @entity1499 . This treatment regimen may offer an alternative to surgical abortion or the use of antiprogestins and @entity3009 for medical abortion.

title: A randomized trial comparing @entity396 three and seven days after @entity1499 for XXXX .

answer: @entity5852 :: (MESH:D000031,Disease) :: ['early abortion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether vaginal @entity396 7 days rather than 3 days after @entity1499 injection increases the percent of successful abortions on the day of @entity396 administration. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was performed in @entity1 requesting an abortion at < or = 56 days' gestation. Eighty-six @entity1 were treated with @entity1499 50 mg/m2 intramuscularly followed 3 days (group 1) or 7 days (group 2) later by vaginal @entity396 800 micrograms. The @entity396 dose was repeated if the abortion did not occur. RESULTS: @entity5852 occurred in 38 of 46 (83%) @entity1 in group 1 and 39 of 40 (98%) in group 2 (p = 0.033). Of the @entity1 with complete abortions, 30 of 46 (65%) in group 1 and 27 of 40 (68%) in group 2 aborted the same day as the first or second dose of @entity396 (p = 0.823). @entity3556 lasted 14 +/- 5 (mean +/- SD) days in group 1 and 17 +/- 9 days in group 2. The remaining @entity1 aborted after a delay of 24 +/- 6 days in group 1 and 28 +/- 13 days in group 2. For these @entity1 vaginal @entity548 lasted 18 +/- 17 and 14 +/- 7 days, respectively, and the @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin-beta level was < or = 25 IU/L by 22 +/- 7 days after the abortion in group 1 and 19 +/- 9 days in group 2. Treatment failures in group 1 were four continuing pregnancies (9%), two @entity6003 (4%), and two @entity1 who requested surgical termination after receiving both medications (4%). The treatment failure in group 2 was an @entity6003 . @entity1499 and @entity396 side effects were infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1499 and vaginal @entity396 are more effective abortifacients when the @entity396 is given 7 days rather than 3 days after @entity1499 . This treatment regimen may offer an alternative to surgical abortion or the use of antiprogestins and @entity3009 for medical abortion.

title: A randomized trial comparing XXXX three and seven days after @entity1499 for @entity5852 .

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity418 is one of the major health concerns in Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. However, only a limited number of studies have been reported from this region. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics and survival rate of @entity418 in Thailand. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical information, histological features and endoscopic findings were collected from a tertiary care center in central region of Thailand between September 2011- November 2014 and reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 64 @entity418 @entity1 including 58 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 with mean age of 62.6 years were enrolled. Common presenting symptoms were @entity1282 (74%), @entity2210 (10%) and @entity6552 (8%). Mean duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 72 days. @entity3332 with contact bleeding was the most common endoscopic finding (55.6%). The location of @entity5 was found in proximal (16%), middle (50%) and distal (34%) esophagus. @entity957 was far more common histology than @entity420 (84.2% vs 10.5%). However, @entity420 was significantly more common than @entity957 in distal area of esophagus (100% vs 22.9%; p=0.0001, OR=1.6, 95%CI=1.1-2.2). @entity418 stages 3 and 4 accounted for 35.2% and 59.3% respectively. Overall 2-year survival rate was 20% and only 16% in metastatic @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity418 @entity1 in Thailand have @entity957 and nearly all present at advanced stage with a grave prognosis. Screening of high risk individuals and early detection might be important keys to improve the survival rate and treatment outcome in Thailand.

title: Late stage and grave prognosis of XXXX in Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: @entity6596 [ @entity6596 ] compounds are extremely toxic and carcinogenic. Despite the vast quantity of reports about @entity6596 @entity137 , the information regarding its effects when it is intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered is still limited. In contrast, it has been shown that @entity6108 prevents hepatotoxicity induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 15  mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of @entity24234 ( @entity24234 ). This study aims to evaluate oxidative stress markers, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the potential histological injury in brain, heart, lung, kidney, spleen, pancreas, stomach, and intestine from @entity35 treated with a hepatotoxic dose of @entity24234 (15  mg/kg b.w.), and the effect of @entity6108 pretreatment. @entity35 were divided into four groups: control, @entity6108 , @entity24234 , and @entity6108 + @entity24234 . At the end of the treatment, plasma and ascites fluid were collected and target organs were dissected out for biochemical and histological analysis. @entity24234 induced hepatotoxicity but failed to induce in all the other studied organs either oxidative or histological injury, since levels of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), and the activity of @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity12609 ( @entity12609 ), and related @entity6172 enzymes were unchanged. As expected, @entity6108 was safe. Lack of @entity24234 -induced @entity137 in those target organs could be due to the following: (1) route of administration, (2) absorption through the portal circulation, (3) lower dose than needed, (4) short time of exposure, or (5) repeated doses are required to produce damage. Thus, the intraperitoneal injection of 15  mg/kg of @entity24234 , that is able to induce hepatotoxicity, was unable to induce histological and oxidative damage in other target organs.

title: Oxidative Stress Markers and Histological Analysis in Diverse Organs from @entity35 Treated with a Hepatotoxic Dose of XXXX : Effect of @entity6108 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity24234 :: ('MESH:D011192', 'Chemical') :: ['K2Cr2O7', 'potassium dichromate']

entities_list: @entity6596 :: ('MESH:C074702', 'Chemical') :: ['Cr(VI)', 'Hexavalent chromium']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['curcumin']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity6596 :: (MESH:C074702,Chemical) :: ['Cr(VI)']


abstract: @entity6596 [ @entity6596 ] compounds are extremely toxic and carcinogenic. Despite the vast quantity of reports about @entity6596 @entity137 , the information regarding its effects when it is intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered is still limited. In contrast, it has been shown that @entity6108 prevents hepatotoxicity induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 15  mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of @entity24234 ( @entity24234 ). This study aims to evaluate oxidative stress markers, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the potential histological injury in brain, heart, lung, kidney, spleen, pancreas, stomach, and intestine from @entity35 treated with a hepatotoxic dose of @entity24234 (15  mg/kg b.w.), and the effect of @entity6108 pretreatment. @entity35 were divided into four groups: control, @entity6108 , @entity24234 , and @entity6108 + @entity24234 . At the end of the treatment, plasma and ascites fluid were collected and target organs were dissected out for biochemical and histological analysis. @entity24234 induced hepatotoxicity but failed to induce in all the other studied organs either oxidative or histological injury, since levels of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), and the activity of @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity12609 ( @entity12609 ), and related @entity6172 enzymes were unchanged. As expected, @entity6108 was safe. Lack of @entity24234 -induced @entity137 in those target organs could be due to the following: (1) route of administration, (2) absorption through the portal circulation, (3) lower dose than needed, (4) short time of exposure, or (5) repeated doses are required to produce damage. Thus, the intraperitoneal injection of 15  mg/kg of @entity24234 , that is able to induce hepatotoxicity, was unable to induce histological and oxidative damage in other target organs.

title: Oxidative Stress Markers and Histological Analysis in Diverse Organs from @entity35 Treated with a Hepatotoxic Dose of @entity6596 : Effect of XXXX .

answer: @entity6108 :: (MESH:D003474,Chemical) :: ['Curcumin']


abstract: @entity6596 [ @entity6596 ] compounds are extremely toxic and carcinogenic. Despite the vast quantity of reports about @entity6596 @entity137 , the information regarding its effects when it is intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered is still limited. In contrast, it has been shown that @entity6108 prevents hepatotoxicity induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 15  mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of @entity24234 ( @entity24234 ). This study aims to evaluate oxidative stress markers, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and the potential histological injury in brain, heart, lung, kidney, spleen, pancreas, stomach, and intestine from @entity35 treated with a hepatotoxic dose of @entity24234 (15  mg/kg b.w.), and the effect of @entity6108 pretreatment. @entity35 were divided into four groups: control, @entity6108 , @entity24234 , and @entity6108 + @entity24234 . At the end of the treatment, plasma and ascites fluid were collected and target organs were dissected out for biochemical and histological analysis. @entity24234 induced hepatotoxicity but failed to induce in all the other studied organs either oxidative or histological injury, since levels of @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ), and the activity of @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity12609 ( @entity12609 ), and related @entity6172 enzymes were unchanged. As expected, @entity6108 was safe. Lack of @entity24234 -induced @entity137 in those target organs could be due to the following: (1) route of administration, (2) absorption through the portal circulation, (3) lower dose than needed, (4) short time of exposure, or (5) repeated doses are required to produce damage. Thus, the intraperitoneal injection of 15  mg/kg of @entity24234 , that is able to induce hepatotoxicity, was unable to induce histological and oxidative damage in other target organs.

title: Oxidative Stress Markers and Histological Analysis in Diverse Organs from XXXX Treated with a Hepatotoxic Dose of @entity6596 : Effect of @entity6108 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']