abstract: We report a case of progressive @entity1576 secondary to primary @entity299 masquerading as @entity358 . An 18-year-old female presented to our hospital emergency department with progressive cough, @entity1353 , and hemoptysis. She was treated for primary @entity358 without improvement and had @entity1576 with endotracheal intubation by the third hospital day. An "intermediate" plasma brain natriuretic protein ( @entity3876 ) of 216   pg/mL did not raise concerns about a @entity712 diagnosis and may have delayed the correct diagnosis. Computed tomography of the chest with intravenous contrast was performed on the fifth hospital day and revealed a cardiac mass. A transthoracic echocardiogram confirmed a large left atrial mass that was obstructing mitral inflow. She was transferred to a tertiary center for emergency cardiac surgery. Primary @entity4617 are a rare and treatable cause of @entity712 in adolescent and young adult @entity1 . Presentation can be confused with @entity358 and must be suspected early. Plasma @entity3876 cutoff levels used in the adult population should not be extrapolated to adolescents, as levels, both normal and abnormal, are significantly lower in this group of @entity1 .

title: @entity1576 in an Adolescent with Primary XXXX .

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Sarcoma']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of divasa in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1504 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The main group included 40 @entity1 (mean age 56.2  5.7 years) with asthenic/autonomic and vestibular/ @entity74 developed during chronic @entity66 . The severity of symptoms was measured with the Visual Analogue scale (VAS). Neuropsychological and psychoemotional status was assessed with MMSE, MFI-20, HAM-A, a subjective sleep questionnaire, a scheme for detection of signs of @entity4148 . Quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) and CGI scale were used as well. The plasma levels of fibrinogen and the @entity2880 factor were determined in all @entity1 . The control group included 40 @entity1 with chronic @entity1504 matched for age, sex and severity of @entity16 to the main group. RESULTS: The scores of asthenic symptoms, @entity148 , @entity25 and @entity4148 were decreased significantly that led to the improvement of quality of life of @entity1 . A significant decrease and normalization of the plasma levels of fibrinogen and the @entity2880 factor were identified in the @entity1 of the main group. The drug was well-tolerated, side-effects ( @entity56 ) were noted only in 5%. CONCLUSION: The positive effect of divasa on @entity1 's condition was demonstrated. The drug may be recommended for the use in complex treatment of these @entity1 .

title: [An experience of using divasa in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['ataxic disorders']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular insufficiency']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor, nuclear factor @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ), regulates critical survival pathways in a variety of different cell types, including @entity1 @entity788 cells. The activation of @entity2451 is controlled by proteasome-mediated degradation of its endogenous polypeptide inhibitor, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaBalpha. We investigated the effects of @entity1749 , a peptide boronate inhibitor of the proteasome in @entity1 @entity788 cells in vitro and in vivo. Comparison of @entity1749 's effects on the growth of eight different @entity1 @entity788 cell lines revealed marked heterogeneity in drug responsiveness, ranging from highly resistant (IC50 > 10 microM; Panc-48, HS766T, and Mia-PaCa-2) to extremely sensitive (IC50 < 40 nM; L3.6pl, Hpaf2, and BxPC3). However, these effects did not correlate with differential inhibition of @entity2451 activation. Direct quantification of apoptosis revealed that @entity1749 's effects on cell growth largely correlated with sensitivity to programmed cell death. Evaluation of @entity1749 's effects on established orthotopic @entity5 xenografts demonstrated that biweekly intravenous administration of the maximum-tolerated dose of the drug (1 mg/kg) led to significant reductions in the volumes of L3.6pl @entity5 but not Mia-PaCa-2 @entity5 . Laser scanning cytometer-mediated quantification of drug-induced apoptosis in the xenografts confirmed that @entity1749 induced DNA fragmentation and activation of @entity522 in L3.6pl @entity5 but not in Mia-PaCa-2 @entity5 . However, histological examination of drug-treated @entity5 revealed @entity39 and reductions in microvessel density and @entity7 expression in both @entity5 types. Taken together, our results demonstrate that @entity1749 inhibits the growth of @entity1 @entity788 via direct effects on @entity5 cells and indirect effects on the @entity5 vasculature.

title: Effects of the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 on apoptosis and angiogenesis in orthotopic @entity1 XXXX xenografts.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['extensive central necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumor']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor, nuclear factor @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ), regulates critical survival pathways in a variety of different cell types, including @entity1 @entity788 cells. The activation of @entity2451 is controlled by proteasome-mediated degradation of its endogenous polypeptide inhibitor, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaBalpha. We investigated the effects of @entity1749 , a peptide boronate inhibitor of the proteasome in @entity1 @entity788 cells in vitro and in vivo. Comparison of @entity1749 's effects on the growth of eight different @entity1 @entity788 cell lines revealed marked heterogeneity in drug responsiveness, ranging from highly resistant (IC50 > 10 microM; Panc-48, HS766T, and Mia-PaCa-2) to extremely sensitive (IC50 < 40 nM; L3.6pl, Hpaf2, and BxPC3). However, these effects did not correlate with differential inhibition of @entity2451 activation. Direct quantification of apoptosis revealed that @entity1749 's effects on cell growth largely correlated with sensitivity to programmed cell death. Evaluation of @entity1749 's effects on established orthotopic @entity5 xenografts demonstrated that biweekly intravenous administration of the maximum-tolerated dose of the drug (1 mg/kg) led to significant reductions in the volumes of L3.6pl @entity5 but not Mia-PaCa-2 @entity5 . Laser scanning cytometer-mediated quantification of drug-induced apoptosis in the xenografts confirmed that @entity1749 induced DNA fragmentation and activation of @entity522 in L3.6pl @entity5 but not in Mia-PaCa-2 @entity5 . However, histological examination of drug-treated @entity5 revealed @entity39 and reductions in microvessel density and @entity7 expression in both @entity5 types. Taken together, our results demonstrate that @entity1749 inhibits the growth of @entity1 @entity788 via direct effects on @entity5 cells and indirect effects on the @entity5 vasculature.

title: Effects of the proteasome inhibitor XXXX on apoptosis and angiogenesis in orthotopic @entity1 @entity788 xenografts.

answer: @entity1749 :: (MESH:C400082,Chemical) :: ['PS-341']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that the transcription factor, nuclear factor @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ), regulates critical survival pathways in a variety of different cell types, including @entity1 @entity788 cells. The activation of @entity2451 is controlled by proteasome-mediated degradation of its endogenous polypeptide inhibitor, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaBalpha. We investigated the effects of @entity1749 , a peptide boronate inhibitor of the proteasome in @entity1 @entity788 cells in vitro and in vivo. Comparison of @entity1749 's effects on the growth of eight different @entity1 @entity788 cell lines revealed marked heterogeneity in drug responsiveness, ranging from highly resistant (IC50 > 10 microM; Panc-48, HS766T, and Mia-PaCa-2) to extremely sensitive (IC50 < 40 nM; L3.6pl, Hpaf2, and BxPC3). However, these effects did not correlate with differential inhibition of @entity2451 activation. Direct quantification of apoptosis revealed that @entity1749 's effects on cell growth largely correlated with sensitivity to programmed cell death. Evaluation of @entity1749 's effects on established orthotopic @entity5 xenografts demonstrated that biweekly intravenous administration of the maximum-tolerated dose of the drug (1 mg/kg) led to significant reductions in the volumes of L3.6pl @entity5 but not Mia-PaCa-2 @entity5 . Laser scanning cytometer-mediated quantification of drug-induced apoptosis in the xenografts confirmed that @entity1749 induced DNA fragmentation and activation of @entity522 in L3.6pl @entity5 but not in Mia-PaCa-2 @entity5 . However, histological examination of drug-treated @entity5 revealed @entity39 and reductions in microvessel density and @entity7 expression in both @entity5 types. Taken together, our results demonstrate that @entity1749 inhibits the growth of @entity1 @entity788 via direct effects on @entity5 cells and indirect effects on the @entity5 vasculature.

title: Effects of the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 on apoptosis and angiogenesis in orthotopic XXXX @entity788 xenografts.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the disease characteristics of @entity370 in southern Taiwan, and to investigate diagnostic methods. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity370 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, from March 1988 to February 2002. RESULTS: A total of 12 @entity1 (3 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 ), with a mean age of 44.5 years, and a diagnosis of @entity370 by positive histology and either a typical chest roentgenogram or clinical presentation were included. All 12 @entity1 had intrathoracic involvement (hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes, 12; lungs, 5), eight had skin involvement, and two had extrathoracic lymph node involvement. The most frequent biopsy specimens were from the skin (n = 10), followed by the intrathoracic lymph nodes (n = 4), lungs (n = 2), and extrathoracic lymph nodes (n = 2). Four @entity1 had positive biopsies from two organs. Our data showed an older age distribution and a greater female predominance of the disease compared with Western countries. A higher rate of intrathoracic and skin involvement was also found, but the reason for this was not clear. CONCLUSIONS: Greater awareness of possible skin involvement may enable chest physicians and clinical practitioners to suspect this condition earlier. A histologic diagnosis from skin biopsy should then be made, rather than using more invasive procedures.

title: XXXX in southern Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['Sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intussusception is the leading cause of @entity1321 in young children. Antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed medication in the pediatric population and have common adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a relationship exists between primary @entity3473 and antibiotic drug use. DESIGN: Case-control study. @entity1 : Ninety-three case @entity1 with intussusception and 353 injury controls younger than 4 years who were seen at the emergency department of the @entity1 's Hospital of Alabama between January 1, 1996, and April 30, 2001, were included. Controls were matched to cases by quarter and year of time of diagnosis, age, and sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratios and 2-sided 95% confidence intervals were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Prevalence of antibiotic use in an age-standardized, representative sample of US @entity1 from NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) was used for external comparisons. RESULTS: Antibiotic use within 48 hours of diagnosis was found in 23 cases (25%) and 33 controls (9%) (odds ratio, 4.15; 95% confidence interval, 2.17-7.92; attributable risk, 18.7%). Antibiotic use among US @entity1 according to NHANES III was 10.7%. In cases, the @entity3405 class accounted for 78% of all medications used. Cephalosporin use was associated with more than a 20-fold increased risk of intussusception. CONCLUSION: An association between antibiotic drug use and intussusception was identified.

title: Association between antibiotic use and primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intussusception']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

answer: @entity3473 :: (MESH:D007443,Disease) :: ['idiopathic intussusception']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity616 ( @entity616 ) occurred the day after interventional closure of an @entity2438 with a 30 mm Gore Septal Occluder (GSO   ) in a 2 years and 11-month-old female. @entity616 disappeared without further treatment and stable sinus rhythm recovered within 3 days. Only short episodes of 2nd degree @entity713 (Wenckebach periodicity) at rare intervals were documented in Holter-monitors the following 2 months. Eleven months after device implantation the @entity1 suffered from long lasting episodes of @entity616 . Surgical removal of the device resulted in incomplete recovery of AV-conduction. Histopathological work-up of the explanted GSO showed complete endothelialization of the device and regular scar formation. One year after surgery, the @entity1 had sinus rhythm during daytime but needed VVI-pacing while sleeping. Young age, inferior localization of the defect, and use of a large device have been individual risk factors for @entity616 in this @entity1 . Clinical course and histologic findings indicate that mechanical compression was the only cause for @entity616 . The cumulative number of reports of @entity616 after use of different @entity2438 -devices supports the recommendation to postpone the intervention in asymptomatic @entity1 to preschool-age. Early removal of a pushing device may increase the chance of complete recovery from @entity616 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Late complete XXXX after closure of an atrial septal defect with a gore septal occluder (GSO   ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['Temporary intermittent complete heart block', 'CHB']

answer: @entity713 :: (MESH:D054537,Disease) :: ['atrioventricular block']


abstract: The Arctic charr @entity25281 is an endangered fish species in Finland, and thus farming is carried out mainly for stocking purposes. Farmed charr are susceptible to infection with atypical @entity6464 (aAS). Losses of valuable brood stock will severely reduce the genetic diversity of stocked charr. No commercial vaccines are available to prevent @entity281 , and vaccines against @entity6690 (caused by typical A. salmonicida, tAS) do not protect the charr against @entity281 . The effects of a metabolizable oil-adjuvanted, bivalent vaccine (containing killed aAS and A. salmonicida salmonicida bacteria) on the immune system of 1 yr old hatchery-reared charr originating from Lake Inari in Northern Finland were examined. Fish vaccination in Finland generally takes place either from October to November or from February to April, when the water temperature is low (1 to 3degrees C). The water temperature starts to increase in mid-May. Therefore, we also investigated whether post-vaccination (p.v.) temperature had an influence on the immune system of this cold-water fish species. The fish were immunized intraperitoneally at 2.9 degrees C at the end of April. After 52 d, during which the water temperature increased from 2.9 to 10.0 degrees C, the charr were exposed to 1 of 3 test temperatures: 10.3, 14.1 or 18.1 degrees C. Prior to vaccination, and 49, 75 and 103 d p.v., several immune parameters were measured in both unvaccinated and vaccinated charr. Vaccination induced a significant anti-aAS-specific antibody response, and increased plasma lysozyme activity at all p.v. temperatures. The haemolytic activity of the complement system was unaffected either by vaccination or p.v. temperatures. There was a slight positive correlation between p.v. temperature and lysozyme activity of the charr. The significant increase in lysozyme activity took place in vaccinated charr in the first 49 d p.v. as water temperatures increased from 2.9 to 10 degrees C. Furthermore, the highest activity of lysozyme in the plasma was observed 49 d p.v. Our results indicate that a rise in water temperature above 10 degrees C does not significantly enhance the vaccination response of charr. This could be one reason why farmed Arctic charr, which are well adapted to a cold climate, are highly susceptible to @entity281 in the summer.

title: Temperature effect on the immune defense functions of Arctic charr XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25281 :: ('8036', 'Species') :: ['Salvelinus alpinus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['aAS infection']

entities_list: @entity6690 :: ('MESH:D005667', 'Disease') :: ['furunculosis']

entities_list: @entity6464 :: ('645', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas salmonicida']

answer: @entity25281 :: (8036,Species) :: ['Salvelinus alpinus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: State-based surveillance programs play a key role in @entity600 planning, prevention, education, support, and research activities. High-quality data are essential to all of these functions, and a key indicator of quality is timeliness. The Florida Birth Defects Registry (FBDR)-one of the largest population-based state registries in the United States-faces challenges with timeliness, as evidenced by its 18-month lag time. The goal of this study was to determine if the timeliness of the FBDR could be improved without significantly reducing the @entity1939 of @entity600 ascertainment. METHODS: Using 2006-2011 data from the FBDR, we first investigated the timing of diagnosis of @entity600 by estimating the effect of different periods of follow-up on prevalence rates reported by the FBDR. We achieved this through retrospective reconstructions of the FBDR under 5 different scenarios with progressively narrower follow-up windows for each @entity1 , and by comparing recalculated rates to the rate of the current FBDR with 1 year of follow-up. We then considered scenarios in which the time lag used to construct the FBDR was reduced (15, 12, 9, and 6 months) by using less data (from 7 to 4 quarters). Recalculated rates were again compared to the current FBDR constructed with 2 years of data and an 18-month lag. Analyses were performed overall and for 44 specific defects. RESULTS: During the 6-year study period, the FBDR identified more than 27,000 @entity1 with a defect detected during the first year of life. Restricting follow-up from 1 year to 9 months would only result in a loss of 1.4% of cases. Cutting follow-up in half to 6 months would miss 3.2% of cases, although there was significant variation across defects. Improving timeliness had a small impact on @entity1939 of ascertainment. Overall, compiling the FBDR with only 6 quarters of Florida Agency for Health Care Administration data (as opposed to 8 quarters) would improve timeliness by approximately 6 months, resulting in a registry that is 99.4% complete. DISCUSSION: Six-to-nine month improvements in timeliness were achievable with a minimal sacrifice in @entity1939 (0.6%-1.7%). Efforts to enhance data quality through the assessment of timeliness and @entity1939 indicators are not unique to @entity600 surveillance programs. Other programs, particularly those with similar passive case ascertainment protocols, can use our findings to consider a more timely release of registry data, or to design similar investigations of their own.

title: Evaluating Difficult Decisions in Public Health Surveillance: Striking the Right Balance between Timeliness and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['completeness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect', 'birth defects']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['Completeness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Despite advances in surgical and anesthesiology techniques, many @entity1 continue to experience @entity282 after lumbar disc operations. This study aims to investigate the effects of @entity6693 (MB) on preventing postoperative @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) with or without @entity158 and improving the quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 undergoing lumbar open discectomy. METHODS This is a prospective, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, which was conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between July 2011 to January 2012. Of a total of 130 @entity1 , 115 were eligible for participation; 56 received 1 ml of MB solution at a concentration of 0.5% (MB group) and 59 received an equivalent volume of normal saline (control group). Primary outcomes were the control of @entity1643 with or without @entity158 , which was evaluated preoperatively and at 24 hours and 3 months after surgery with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS), and the improvement of QOL, which was assessed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively by means of the Persian translation of the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire. RESULTS The mean VAS scores for @entity1643 were significantly lower in the MB group compared with the control group at 24 hours (1.25    0.97 vs 2.80    0.69, p < 0.001) and 3 months (1.02    1.29 vs 2.07    1.10, p = 0.019) after treatment. The mean @entity158 scores decreased significantly in the 2 groups at 24 hours after surgery, but the mean @entity158 score was significantly lower in the MB-treated @entity1 than the control group. However, the difference between @entity158 scores in the MB group (1    1.1) and the control group (1.2    1) was not statistically significant (p = 0.64). The reduction in @entity1643 was greater in the MB group than the control group (8.11    1.74 vs 6.07    1.52, p = 0.023, CI 95% -1.37 to -0.10). The functional QOL improved significantly 3 months after the operation in both groups (p < 0.001). Moderate disability occurred more frequently in the control group than in the MB group (14.5% vs 7.7%, p = 0.004). No @entity137 , adverse effects, or complications were found in the group of @entity1 treated with MB injection. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of MB (1 ml 0.5%) for coating the dura and surrounding tissues (facet and muscle) shows promising results in terms of safety, reduction of @entity282 , and functional outcome compared with placebo.

title: Effects of @entity6693 on postoperative XXXX and functional outcomes after lumbar open discectomy: a triple-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['LBP', 'low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low-back pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Despite advances in surgical and anesthesiology techniques, many @entity1 continue to experience @entity282 after lumbar disc operations. This study aims to investigate the effects of @entity6693 (MB) on preventing postoperative @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) with or without @entity158 and improving the quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 undergoing lumbar open discectomy. METHODS This is a prospective, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, which was conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between July 2011 to January 2012. Of a total of 130 @entity1 , 115 were eligible for participation; 56 received 1 ml of MB solution at a concentration of 0.5% (MB group) and 59 received an equivalent volume of normal saline (control group). Primary outcomes were the control of @entity1643 with or without @entity158 , which was evaluated preoperatively and at 24 hours and 3 months after surgery with the use of a visual analog scale (VAS), and the improvement of QOL, which was assessed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively by means of the Persian translation of the Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire. RESULTS The mean VAS scores for @entity1643 were significantly lower in the MB group compared with the control group at 24 hours (1.25    0.97 vs 2.80    0.69, p < 0.001) and 3 months (1.02    1.29 vs 2.07    1.10, p = 0.019) after treatment. The mean @entity158 scores decreased significantly in the 2 groups at 24 hours after surgery, but the mean @entity158 score was significantly lower in the MB-treated @entity1 than the control group. However, the difference between @entity158 scores in the MB group (1    1.1) and the control group (1.2    1) was not statistically significant (p = 0.64). The reduction in @entity1643 was greater in the MB group than the control group (8.11    1.74 vs 6.07    1.52, p = 0.023, CI 95% -1.37 to -0.10). The functional QOL improved significantly 3 months after the operation in both groups (p < 0.001). Moderate disability occurred more frequently in the control group than in the MB group (14.5% vs 7.7%, p = 0.004). No @entity137 , adverse effects, or complications were found in the group of @entity1 treated with MB injection. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of MB (1 ml 0.5%) for coating the dura and surrounding tissues (facet and muscle) shows promising results in terms of safety, reduction of @entity282 , and functional outcome compared with placebo.

title: Effects of XXXX on postoperative @entity1643 and functional outcomes after lumbar open discectomy: a triple-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial.

answer: @entity6693 :: (MESH:D008751,Chemical) :: ['methylene blue']


abstract: @entity6 is highly prevalent in @entity1 with @entity914 , including @entity161 and @entity914 . Exact prevalence is difficult to estimate, since @entity6 is often underdiagnosed in @entity1 with @entity716 . Results of several studies show that the prevalence of @entity6 exceeds that in the general population, with documented prevalence in those with @entity716 ranging from 1  26% to 50% across studies (median 13%). The association between @entity6 and @entity716 is complex and multifactorial. Many of the traditional risk factors for disease have increased prevalence in @entity1 with @entity914 . In addition to these traditional risk factors, @entity1 with @entity716 have unique risks that might have additive or even synergistic effects. These risks include the use of antipsychotic medication, the effects of adverse social determinants of health, and genetic loading. Despite evidence that rates of @entity6 are increased in individuals with @entity716 , many of these @entity1 are not diagnosed or treated, resulting in increased @entity6 -associated morbidity and mortality. Specific @entity1 factors, provider issues, and systems-level factors contribute to the treatment gap. Interventions at both the clinical and public health levels are needed to successfully address this problem.

title: The epidemiology of @entity6 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorders', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic disorders']


abstract: @entity6 is highly prevalent in @entity1 with @entity914 , including @entity161 and @entity914 . Exact prevalence is difficult to estimate, since @entity6 is often underdiagnosed in @entity1 with @entity716 . Results of several studies show that the prevalence of @entity6 exceeds that in the general population, with documented prevalence in those with @entity716 ranging from 1  26% to 50% across studies (median 13%). The association between @entity6 and @entity716 is complex and multifactorial. Many of the traditional risk factors for disease have increased prevalence in @entity1 with @entity914 . In addition to these traditional risk factors, @entity1 with @entity716 have unique risks that might have additive or even synergistic effects. These risks include the use of antipsychotic medication, the effects of adverse social determinants of health, and genetic loading. Despite evidence that rates of @entity6 are increased in individuals with @entity716 , many of these @entity1 are not diagnosed or treated, resulting in increased @entity6 -associated morbidity and mortality. Specific @entity1 factors, provider issues, and systems-level factors contribute to the treatment gap. Interventions at both the clinical and public health levels are needed to successfully address this problem.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX in @entity914 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity731 and @entity170 are two major public health problems. It is still uncertain whether an abnormal carotid ultrasonography, either increased @entity121 ( @entity121 ) or plaque thickness, is associated with @entity170 in acute @entity385 @entity1 . To investigate the possible relationships between @entity170 and @entity2998 , we evaluated the correlation between carotid @entity121 /plaque thickness and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in acute @entity385 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 having their first @entity385 within seven days were screened for the study. The @entity121 was scanned approximately 10 mm proximal to the beginning of the dilatation of the carotid bulb. The plaques were measured in both common and internal carotid arteries. The @entity79 was measured at total hip and lumbar spine in the anterior-posterior projection, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: A total of 155 @entity1 were enrolled in the study and the mean age was 68.3    10.34 years. Multiple linear regression analysis reveals that age (P < .001), smoking (P = .016), and @entity170 (P = .001) were significantly associated with increased carotid @entity121 /plaque thickness. Old age, current smoking, and @entity170 were significantly related to @entity121 in acute @entity385 @entity1 . In @entity1 , @entity121 /plaque thickness was significantly related to age (P = .01) and @entity170 (P = .025). In @entity1 , though there was no significant relationship, a trend toward old age and having @entity170 was observed in @entity121 (P = .051, P = .086). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that carotid @entity121 /plaque thickness was inversely related to the @entity79 in female but not in male @entity1 with acute @entity385 .

title: Carotid Intima-Media Thickness is Inversely Related to Bone Density in Female but not in Male XXXX with Acute Stroke.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness', 'increased IMT/plaque thickness']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Emergency nurses must perform accurate and complete comprehensive @entity1 assessments to establish @entity1 treatment needs and expedite care. AIM: To evaluate the impact of a structured approach to emergency nursing assessment following triage, on novice emergency nurses' @entity148 , self-efficacy and perceptions of control. METHODS: Thirty eight early career emergency nurses from five Australian hospitals performed an initial @entity1 assessment in an immersive clinical simulated scenario, before and after undertaking training in HIRAID, an evidence-informed @entity1 assessment framework for emergency nurses. Immediately following each scenario the nurses completed a questionnaire scoring @entity148 , self-efficacy and perceptions of control levels. Paired sample t-tests and effect sizes were calculated. RESULTS: @entity1 @entity148 levels were lower after HIRAID training compared to before undertaking the training (Mean (SD)   =   53.26 (10.76) vs 47.46 (9.96), P   =   0.002). Self-efficacy levels in assessment performance increased (189.32 (66.48) vs 214.06 (51.35), P   =   0.001). There was no change in perceptions of control (31.24 (7.38) vs 30.98 (8.38), P   =   0.829). DISCUSSION: High levels of @entity148 and low levels of self-efficacy are known to be negatively correlated with clinical reasoning skills and performance. CONCLUSION: The effect of HIRAID training on reducing @entity148 and increasing self-efficacy has the potential to improve emergency nurses' assessment performance and the quality and safety of @entity1 care.

title: The impact of HIRAID on emergency nurses' self-efficacy, XXXX and perceived control: A simulated study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participant', 'patient']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is a serious health issue and predisposes individuals to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence in @entity1 has increased worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of a school-based management program based on healthy lifestyle promotion for @entity28 and overweight adolescents in Sousse, Tunisia. METHODS: We conducted a quasi-experimental study among overweight and @entity28 school @entity1 enrolled in 7th and 8th grades in Sousse, Tunisia with two groups, intervention and control. The 1-year intervention was based on promoting healthy eating and physical activity through a collective intervention for all recruited @entity1 and an individual intervention only for @entity28 @entity1 who require intensive managing. Data collection was done before, at the end and at a 4-month follow up of the intervention, both in intervention and control groups. RESULTS: The body mass index Z score decreased significantly from pre-intervention to post-intervention (1.89  0.57 to 1.76  0.63, p<0.001) and from post-intervention to the follow-up (1.76  0.63 to 1.55  0.68, p<0.001) in the intervention group. In the control group, it decreased significantly from pre-intervention to post-intervention but not significantly from post-intervention to follow-up assessment. Calorie intake decreased significantly both in intervention and control groups. CONCLUSION: This project began with introducing a new culture of health management in schools on one side and with increasing awareness of the importance of @entity28 prevention and treatment. The support of authorities for this type of action is very important to guarantee its sustainability.

title: Challenges and results of a school-based intervention to manage excess weight among school XXXX in Tunisia 2012-2014.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the role of digital tomosynthesis (DTS) in the evaluation and treatment of orthopaedic @entity130 @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Level 1 @entity130 center with nonunion referral @entity1 population. @entity1 : Four orthopaedic @entity130 @entity1 with @entity85 . INTERVENTION: Three revision surgical procedures and 1 conservative treatment for @entity1 with @entity3564 or nonunions. RESULTS: DTS successfully visualized 2 nonunions, 1 refracture, and 1 arthrodesis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Documented @entity174 or nonunion on imaging. CONCLUSIONS: DTS has the potential to be of significant value in the detection and follow-up of @entity174 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: The Utility of Digital Tomosynthesis to the Practicing Orthopaedic XXXX Surgeon: A Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fractures']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For electroporation-based therapies, accurate modeling of the electric field distribution within the target tissue is important for predicting the treatment volume. In response to conventional, unipolar pulses, the electrical impedance of a tissue varies as a function of the local electric field, leading to a redistribution of the field. These dynamic impedance changes, which depend on the tissue type and the applied electric field, need to be quantified a priori, making mathematical modeling complicated. Here, it is shown that the impedance changes during high-frequency, bipolar electroporation therapy are reduced, and the electric field distribution can be approximated using the analytical solution to Laplace's equation that is valid for a homogeneous medium of constant conductivity. METHODS: Two methods were used to examine the agreement between the analytical solution to Laplace's equation and the electric fields generated by 100   s unipolar pulses and bursts of 1   s @entity162 . First, pulses were applied to @entity415 tuber tissue while an infrared camera was used to monitor the temperature distribution in real-time as a corollary to the electric field distribution. The analytical solution was overlaid on the thermal images for a qualitative assessment of the electric fields. Second, @entity415 ablations were performed and the lesion size was measured along the x- and y-axes. These values were compared to the analytical solution to quantify its ability to predict treatment outcomes. To analyze the dynamic impedance changes due to electroporation at different frequencies, electrical impedance measurements (1 Hz to 1 MHz) were made before and after the treatment of @entity415 tissue. RESULTS: For high-frequency bipolar burst treatment, the thermal images closely mirrored the constant electric field contours. The @entity415 tissue lesions differed from the analytical solution by 39.7    1.3 % (x-axis) and 6.87    6.26 % (y-axis) for conventional unipolar pulses, and 15.46    1.37 % (x-axis) and 3.63    5.9 % (y-axis) for high- frequency @entity162 . CONCLUSIONS: The electric field distributions due to high-frequency, bipolar electroporation pulses can be closely approximated with the homogeneous analytical solution. This paves way for modeling fields without prior characterization of non-linear tissue properties, and thereby simplifying electroporation procedures.

title: Mitigation of impedance changes due to electroporation therapy using bursts of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar pulses']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['high-frequency bipolar pulses']


abstract: Eighty-four elderly @entity1 with @entity0 were treated with a once-weekly schedule using 650 cGy per fraction to a total of six fractions. According to the TNM classification there were 8 @entity1 with Stage I, 29 @entity1 with Stage II, 45 @entity1 with Stage III, and 2 @entity1 with @entity5 . Primary surgical treatment included biopsy, that is, truecut needle biopsy or open biopsy in 53 @entity1 and excision biopsy in 13 @entity1 ; the remaining 18 @entity1 had mastectomy. The average age of @entity1 was 69.2 years with the oldest 91 years of age. Ten @entity1 died of concomitant causes during the follow-up period at an average age of 84.5 years. @entity1 included in this report had at least a 36 month follow-up period with the longest being 94 months. Acute reactions were noticeably less than those with daily treatment. Only one of the 36 @entity1 , where the breast was preserved, had severe delayed skin reaction. Of the 37 @entity1 with Stage I and II, 24 were alive and disease-free at the time of reporting. Three died of concomitant causes, 2 are alive with disease, and the remaining 8 @entity1 died of recurrent of progressive disease. There were 45 @entity1 with Stage IIIA and IIIB and in this group 11 are alive and disease-free, 7 died of concomitant causes, 12 died of progressive @entity0 , and the remaining 4 @entity1 are alive with disease. The two remaining Stage IV @entity1 died of their disease. Once-weekly treatment was well tolerated by all @entity1 and the early local control result is encouraging. We are continuing to assess this type of fractionation in selected elderly @entity1 , especially in those who live away from our center.

title: Once weekly irradiation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage IV disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Timely initiation and titration of basal @entity2690 added on to oral anti- @entity6 drugs contribute to better glycemic control. However, implementation of basal-supported oral therapy in China is not yet clear. This nationwide, prospective, 12-week observational study was designed to explore the current status of basal-supported oral therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in China. METHODS: Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with inadequate glycemic control on anti- @entity6 drugs who were to start basal-supported oral therapy with @entity2690 glargine at outpatient clinics were enrolled from 134 hospitals in China. Both the decision to initiate basal @entity2690 and @entity2690 dose adjustment were at the physician's discretion. Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c were measured, and the starting dose of @entity2690 were recorded at baseline. Self-monitored fasting capillary blood @entity413 and the adjusting dose of @entity2690 were collected during the study. RESULTS: A total of 11  192 out of 13  259 enrolled @entity1 finished the 12-week study. FPG and haemoglobin A1c at basal-supported oral therapy initiation were 11.2  mmol/L and 9.4%, respectively, with @entity2690 glargine started at 0.190  IU/kg/day. @entity2690 dose was increased 1.8  IU in average within 12 weeks. Fifty-nine percent of the @entity1 achieved fasting capillary blood @entity413  <= 7.0  mmol/L. More @entity1 achieved the @entity413 target in the group with lower baseline FPG level. Notable geographical differences of physicians' treatment habits in the current management of basal-supported oral therapy were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: A great gap between everyday clinical practice and guidelines exists in China, reflected by the delayed initiation, slow dose titration and geographical differences of basal-supported oral therapy management. A concrete guideline of basal-supported oral therapy management is needed in the clinical application. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Status of basal-supported oral therapy in Chinese XXXX 2 @entity6 @entity1 with inadequate glycemic control on oral anti- @entity6 drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Timely initiation and titration of basal @entity2690 added on to oral anti- @entity6 drugs contribute to better glycemic control. However, implementation of basal-supported oral therapy in China is not yet clear. This nationwide, prospective, 12-week observational study was designed to explore the current status of basal-supported oral therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in China. METHODS: Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with inadequate glycemic control on anti- @entity6 drugs who were to start basal-supported oral therapy with @entity2690 glargine at outpatient clinics were enrolled from 134 hospitals in China. Both the decision to initiate basal @entity2690 and @entity2690 dose adjustment were at the physician's discretion. Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c were measured, and the starting dose of @entity2690 were recorded at baseline. Self-monitored fasting capillary blood @entity413 and the adjusting dose of @entity2690 were collected during the study. RESULTS: A total of 11  192 out of 13  259 enrolled @entity1 finished the 12-week study. FPG and haemoglobin A1c at basal-supported oral therapy initiation were 11.2  mmol/L and 9.4%, respectively, with @entity2690 glargine started at 0.190  IU/kg/day. @entity2690 dose was increased 1.8  IU in average within 12 weeks. Fifty-nine percent of the @entity1 achieved fasting capillary blood @entity413  <= 7.0  mmol/L. More @entity1 achieved the @entity413 target in the group with lower baseline FPG level. Notable geographical differences of physicians' treatment habits in the current management of basal-supported oral therapy were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: A great gap between everyday clinical practice and guidelines exists in China, reflected by the delayed initiation, slow dose titration and geographical differences of basal-supported oral therapy management. A concrete guideline of basal-supported oral therapy management is needed in the clinical application. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Status of basal-supported oral therapy in Chinese @entity164 2 XXXX @entity1 with inadequate glycemic control on oral anti- @entity6 drugs.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Timely initiation and titration of basal @entity2690 added on to oral anti- @entity6 drugs contribute to better glycemic control. However, implementation of basal-supported oral therapy in China is not yet clear. This nationwide, prospective, 12-week observational study was designed to explore the current status of basal-supported oral therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in China. METHODS: Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with inadequate glycemic control on anti- @entity6 drugs who were to start basal-supported oral therapy with @entity2690 glargine at outpatient clinics were enrolled from 134 hospitals in China. Both the decision to initiate basal @entity2690 and @entity2690 dose adjustment were at the physician's discretion. Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c were measured, and the starting dose of @entity2690 were recorded at baseline. Self-monitored fasting capillary blood @entity413 and the adjusting dose of @entity2690 were collected during the study. RESULTS: A total of 11  192 out of 13  259 enrolled @entity1 finished the 12-week study. FPG and haemoglobin A1c at basal-supported oral therapy initiation were 11.2  mmol/L and 9.4%, respectively, with @entity2690 glargine started at 0.190  IU/kg/day. @entity2690 dose was increased 1.8  IU in average within 12 weeks. Fifty-nine percent of the @entity1 achieved fasting capillary blood @entity413  <= 7.0  mmol/L. More @entity1 achieved the @entity413 target in the group with lower baseline FPG level. Notable geographical differences of physicians' treatment habits in the current management of basal-supported oral therapy were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: A great gap between everyday clinical practice and guidelines exists in China, reflected by the delayed initiation, slow dose titration and geographical differences of basal-supported oral therapy management. A concrete guideline of basal-supported oral therapy management is needed in the clinical application. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Status of basal-supported oral therapy in Chinese @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with inadequate glycemic control on oral anti- XXXX drugs.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Timely initiation and titration of basal @entity2690 added on to oral anti- @entity6 drugs contribute to better glycemic control. However, implementation of basal-supported oral therapy in China is not yet clear. This nationwide, prospective, 12-week observational study was designed to explore the current status of basal-supported oral therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in China. METHODS: Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with inadequate glycemic control on anti- @entity6 drugs who were to start basal-supported oral therapy with @entity2690 glargine at outpatient clinics were enrolled from 134 hospitals in China. Both the decision to initiate basal @entity2690 and @entity2690 dose adjustment were at the physician's discretion. Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c were measured, and the starting dose of @entity2690 were recorded at baseline. Self-monitored fasting capillary blood @entity413 and the adjusting dose of @entity2690 were collected during the study. RESULTS: A total of 11  192 out of 13  259 enrolled @entity1 finished the 12-week study. FPG and haemoglobin A1c at basal-supported oral therapy initiation were 11.2  mmol/L and 9.4%, respectively, with @entity2690 glargine started at 0.190  IU/kg/day. @entity2690 dose was increased 1.8  IU in average within 12 weeks. Fifty-nine percent of the @entity1 achieved fasting capillary blood @entity413  <= 7.0  mmol/L. More @entity1 achieved the @entity413 target in the group with lower baseline FPG level. Notable geographical differences of physicians' treatment habits in the current management of basal-supported oral therapy were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: A great gap between everyday clinical practice and guidelines exists in China, reflected by the delayed initiation, slow dose titration and geographical differences of basal-supported oral therapy management. A concrete guideline of basal-supported oral therapy management is needed in the clinical application. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Status of basal-supported oral therapy in Chinese @entity164 2 @entity6 XXXX with inadequate glycemic control on oral anti- @entity6 drugs.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To assess age- and sex-related changes in the mortality from @entity16 at the population level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Methods of descriptive statistics and analysis of qualitative traits were applied. We analyzed 13580 medical certificates of cause of death from @entity16 (all classes of ICD-10). RESULTS: The mortality rate varied with age, the main trend of which was the dynamic growth. Age-specific mortality rates for @entity1 and @entity1 differed from each other: in most ages (20-24, 30-34, 45-49, 50-54, 55-59, 65-69), the likelihood of mortality was higher in @entity1 , and at the age of 5-9, 15-19, 60-64, 70 and more years in @entity1 . After the standardization of gender differences by age, the mortality risk of @entity3002 disappeared (146.74 and 144.16 per 100 thousand for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively).   There were significant differences in the proportion of @entity16 of all-cause mortality among the population in the groups stratified by age and sex. It is believed that situational factors is a cause of actual prevailing of gender age- and sex-related mortality risks. CONCLUSION: Gender features of age-related risk of mortality from @entity16 are characterized by the multidirectional dynamics of likelihood of mortality and specific weight of @entity16 among all causes of mortality. The actual gender features of age-related risk of mortality from @entity16 are generally caused by situational factors (different age structure and unequal level of the general mortality among male and female population) which disappear after standardization.

title: [Gender and age dependent mortality from XXXX in Azerbaijan].

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nervous diseases']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['nervous illnesses']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['nervous diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beta-blocker therapy has mortality benefit in @entity1 with @entity101 , @entity712 and @entity453 , as well as during the perioperative period. These drugs have traditionally been considered contraindicated in @entity1 with reversible @entity1030 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of cardioselective beta-blockers in @entity1 with @entity565 or @entity1030 . SEARCH STRATEGY: A search of EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL was performed up to May 2002 using the terms: @entity565 *, @entity6587 *, respiratory sounds*, wheez*, @entity3885 * or obstructive @entity1030 *, and adrenergic antagonist*, sympatholytic* or adrenergic receptor block*. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trials of single dose or continued treatment of the effects of cardioselective beta-blockers in @entity1 with reversible @entity1030 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two independent reviewers extracted data from the selected articles, reconciling differences by consensus. @entity8652 -blockers were divided into those with or without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA). Interventions were: administration of single or continued @entity8652 -blocker, and response to @entity2263 -agonist given after the study drug. MAIN RESULTS: Nineteen studies on single-dose treatment and 10 studies on continued treatment met the inclusion criteria. Single dose cardioselective beta-blocker produced a 7.46% (95% CI 5.59, 9.32) reduction in FEV1, but with a 4.63% (95% CI 2.47, 6.78) increase in FEV1 with @entity2263 -agonist, compared to placebo. Treatment lasting 3 - 28 days produced no change in FEV1 (-0.42%; 95% CI -3.74, 2.91), symptoms or inhaler use, whilst maintaining a 8.74% (95% CI 1.96, 15.52) response to @entity2263 -agonist. There was no significant change in FEV1 treatment effect for those @entity1 with @entity1030 : single doses -5.28% (95% CI -10.03, -0.54%), continued treatment 1.07% (CI -3.3, 5.44. With continued treatment there was no significant difference in FEV1 response for @entity8652 -blockers without ISA compared to those with IS: -3.22% (96%CI -7.79, 1.36) compared to 2.72% (95% CI -2.12, 7.59). Those without ISA produced a 12.0% increase in FEV1 after @entity2263 -agonist administration compared to placebo (95%CI 4.12,19.87) while @entity8652 -blockers with ISA produced no change compared to placebo (-0.60% [95%CI -13.93, 12.73). These results were obtained in a small number od studies of few @entity1 . The difference was not significant. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Cardioselective beta-blockers given in mild - moderate reversible @entity1030 or @entity1030 , do not produce adverse respiratory effects in the short term. Given their demonstrated benefit in conditions such as @entity712 , @entity943 and @entity101 , these agents should not be withheld from such @entity1 , but long term safety (especially their impact during an acute exacerbation) still needs to be established.

title: Cardioselective beta-blockers for reversible XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD', 'airway disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['airway disease']


abstract: Lipolytic adaptations of @entity291 adipose tissue during late pregnancy, lactation, and dry period were studied in Holsteins. Treatment groups consisted of first lactation daughters of high or low bulls based on Predicted Difference for milk. Heifers were fed either a 60% concentrate, 40% hay diet or a 40% concentrate, 60% hay diet from 0 to 140 d lactation. Feeding a low energy diet for the first 140 d of lactation did not affect adipose tissue lipolytic rates measured in vitro. @entity1425 and @entity1063 responsiveness of @entity291 adipose tissue increased prior to parturition, increased further in early lactation, then remained elevated during lactation and into the dry period. This responsiveness was unaffected by feeding low energy diets. Basal @entity653 release in high genetic merit heifers was 64, 17, 40, 23, 20, and 42% greater than in low genetic merit heifers at -30, -15, 30, 60, 180, and 349 d about parturition. Response to @entity1063 was 15, 20, 18, and 15% greater in high genetic than low genetic merit heifers and response to @entity1425 was 12, 20, 14, and 50% greater in high genetic than low genetic merit heifers at 30, 60, 180, and 349 d postpartum. The lack of a dietary energy restriction effect on lipolysis in early lactation suggested that these rates were near the physiological maximum for those animals. Rates of lipolysis were positively related with milk fat production. This study indicates a genetic component in adrenergic regulation of lipolysis in adipose tissue, independent of energy balance, in supporting lactation.

title: Regulation of XXXX adipose tissue metabolism during lactation. 2. Lipolysis response to milk production and energy intake.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Epinephrine', 'epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Six @entity1 were admitted after erroneous massive intake of @entity1955 (70-1200 mg over an interval of 2-12 days). All @entity1 developed classical symptoms of @entity2743 within 3 days of the first dose; five @entity1 presented @entity772 and one became stuporous (days 7-10). Two @entity1 developed @entity1002 and three had @entity943 (days 8-11). Total thyroid hormone levels in serum on admission ranged 935-7728 nmol/l for T4 (TT4) and 23-399 nmol/l for T3 (TT3). All @entity1 received treatment with @entity701 and @entity1169 . @entity5652 was also given in 3 cases. Extractive techniques (charcoal haemoperfusion and/or plasmapheresis) were initiated 8-14 days after the first dose of @entity2016 . The plasma disappearance rate (K) of TT4 with plasmapheresis was 30 times higher, on average, than under standard medical treatment (M). Also, K of TT4 under haemoperfusion was about five times higher than K under M. K changes for TT3 were higher under haemoperfusion than under plasmapheresis. Furthermore, extractive procedures shortened the average half life of TT4, (from 106.5 +/- 44.6 to 59.7 +/- 20.2 h, p less than 0.05).

title: Massive XXXX intoxication: evaluation of plasma extraction.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['grade II-III coma']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity5652 :: ('MESH:D011441', 'Chemical') :: ['Propylthiouracil']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deep transverse friction massage (DTFM) is one of several physiotherapy interventions suggested for the management of @entity158 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of DTFM for treating @entity924 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, HealthSTAR, Sports Discus, CINAHL, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, PEDro, the specialized registry of the Cochrane musculoskeletal group and the Cochrane field of Physical and Related Therapies up to the end of June 2002. The reference list of the trials and key experts in the area were also consulted for additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing therapeutic ultrasound with control or another active intervention in @entity1 with all types of @entity924 , such as @entity23223 and extensor carpi radialis @entity924 (i.e. @entity2633 or @entity2633 or @entity2633 humeri), were selected. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers determined the studies to be included based upon the inclusion and exclusion criteria (LB, VR). Data were independently abstracted by two reviewers (VR, LB), and checked by a third reviewer (BS) using a pre-developed form of the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group. The two reviewers, using a validated checklist, assessed the methodological quality of the RCTs and CCTs independently. The pooled analysis was performed using @entity353 ( @entity353 ) for continuous outcomes. MAIN RESULTS: One RCT included @entity1 with ITBFS. DTFM combined with rest, stretching exercises, cryotherapy and therapeutic ultrasound was compared to the control group (rest, stretching exercises, cryotherapy and therapeutic ultrasound only). This trial showed no statistical difference in the three types of @entity158 relief measured after four consecutive sessions of DTFM combined with other physiotherapy modalities for runners. There was a clinically important relative percentage difference in @entity158 while running of 22%. A RCT on ECRT showed no statistical difference in @entity158 relief, grip strength and the three types of functional status measured after 9 consecutive sessions within 5 weeks of DTFM compared with other physiotherapy modalities. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: DTFM combined with other physiotherapy modalities did not show consistent benefit over the control of @entity158 , or improvement of grip strength and functional status for @entity1 with ITBFS or for @entity1 with ECRT. These conclusions are limited by the small sample size of the included RCTs. No conclusions can be drawn concerning the use or non use of DTFM for the treatment of ITBFS. Future trials, utilizing specific ITBFS methods and adequate sample sizes are needed, before conclusions can be drawn regarding the specific effect of DTFM on @entity924 .

title: Deep transverse friction massage for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMDs', 'weighted mean differences']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis', 'tennis elbow', 'lateralis epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity23223 :: ('MESH:D058745', 'Disease') :: ['iliotibial band friction syndrome']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate race differences in demographics, @entity130 , and vocational outcomes for @entity1 with @entity131 . @entity1 : Seventy-five individuals with @entity131 (13 African American, 62 Caucasian) who requested services from the Missouri Division of Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) over a 2-year period. MEASURES: Demographics (i.e. age, race, level of education), @entity130 (i.e. LOC, @entity865 , length of hospitalization, neuropsychological test scores), VR services provided (e.g. transportation, maintenance, on-the-job training, etc.), and VR outcomes (successfully vs unsuccessfully employed; cost per case). PROCEDURE: All @entity1 completed a standard neuropsychological evaluation and completed VR services (i.e. were followed from enrollment to case closure). HYPOTHESES: African Americans and Caucasians would not differ in demographics or @entity130 , although fewer African Americans would be successfully employed through DVR. ANALYSES: Chi-squares and non-parametric MANOVAs to evaluate race differences in terms of demographics, @entity130 , vocational services provided and vocational outcomes. RESULTS: As hypothesized, there were few race differences in demographics or @entity130 , although African Americans received significantly more transportation services (62 vs 21%). Contrary to hypotheses, there was no difference in the number of successfully employed African Americans (23%) vs Caucasians (18%). CONCLUSIONS: African Americans and Caucasians with @entity131 achieve similar vocational successes if they receive state VR services.

title: Race differences in a sample of vocational rehabilitation clients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury severity']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The nut of the Areca catechu palm has long been attributed effects on hunger and the digestive process. OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to assess experimentally effects of areca nut on fasting and postprandial energy metabolism, substrate utilization and hunger. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies were undertaken. In study 1, eight Indian @entity1 received bioadhesive gels delivering 0, 5, 10 or 20 mg @entity6327 to the buccal sulcus after an overnight fast. Resting energy expenditure and substrate utilization were determined by ventilated hood calorimetry over 6 h during which hunger was rated on five occasions. In study 2, 15 Indian @entity1 received gels delivering 0 or 10 mg @entity6327 after consuming a 2.5 MJ meal, and the same protocol was then applied as in study 1. RESULTS: Fasting resting energy expenditures exceeded basal metabolic rate (BMR) by 5.4+/-0.8% (Mean+/-SE) after placebo, and 5.1+/-0.7% after 20 mg @entity6327 , but by 0.9+/-0.8% and 0.7+/-0.5% following 5 mg and 10 mg @entity6327 , respectively. @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) utilization rates rose after areca nut compared to placebo (F(3,252)= 7.3, p< 0.001). Hunger varied across doses (chi(2) = 10.5, p < 0.02), being lowest after 10 mg and highest after 20 mg, and was influenced by interaction of dose with delta resting energy expenditure. In study 2, areca dose interacted with fat-free mass (FFM) to lower by 5.4+/-11.2% the thermic effect of a meal (F(1,28) = 4.9, p = 0.05), and retarded peak 'digestive-phase' thermogenesis by 60 min (F(1,58) = 5.7, p = 0.02). Postprandial delta CHO utilization was greater (F(1,28) = 4.5, p = 0.05), and hunger was lower (chi:(2) = 3.8, p = 0.05), after areca nut. The areca nut altered relationships of hunger to thermic effects of the meal, and to delta substrate utilization, in ways consistent with appetite suppression. CONCLUSION: Areca nut constituents modulate metabolic signals regulating appetite in @entity1 . This concurs with customary belief.

title: Areca nut, energy metabolism and hunger in Asian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6327 :: ('MESH:D001115', 'Chemical') :: ['arecoline']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Psychological factors may be associated with the outcome of @entity5 treatment, including bone marrow transplantation (BMT). However, studies on the issue have provided controversial results. In the present study, effects of mood status on the outcome was studied through a follow-up period of 1-3 years as well as in shorter periods (3 and 8 months) post-BMT in 72 Japanese @entity1 with @entity1778 . Psychological status was evaluated 2 weeks before BMT using Profile of Mood States (POMS). The most major factor abstracted from the POMS subscales (Factor 1, mainly comprising @entity148 , @entity308 , anger, @entity1295 and @entity911 ) was associated with disease-free survival rate at 3 months post-BMT. However, the factor most significantly associated with the outcome was gender. Females had better outcome than males through the period of 1-3 years as well as at 8 months post-BMT. When analyzed by gender, Factor 1 was associated with poor prognosis at 3 and 8 months in males. In females, however, Factor 1 was not significantly associated with the prognosis. The present results suggest an association between mood status pre-BMT and prognosis post-BMT in a gender-specific manner.

title: Psychological factors and survival after bone marrow transplantation in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: Psychological factors may be associated with the outcome of @entity5 treatment, including bone marrow transplantation (BMT). However, studies on the issue have provided controversial results. In the present study, effects of mood status on the outcome was studied through a follow-up period of 1-3 years as well as in shorter periods (3 and 8 months) post-BMT in 72 Japanese @entity1 with @entity1778 . Psychological status was evaluated 2 weeks before BMT using Profile of Mood States (POMS). The most major factor abstracted from the POMS subscales (Factor 1, mainly comprising @entity148 , @entity308 , anger, @entity1295 and @entity911 ) was associated with disease-free survival rate at 3 months post-BMT. However, the factor most significantly associated with the outcome was gender. Females had better outcome than males through the period of 1-3 years as well as at 8 months post-BMT. When analyzed by gender, Factor 1 was associated with poor prognosis at 3 and 8 months in males. In females, however, Factor 1 was not significantly associated with the prognosis. The present results suggest an association between mood status pre-BMT and prognosis post-BMT in a gender-specific manner.

title: Psychological factors and survival after bone marrow transplantation in XXXX with @entity1778 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trials on the effect of systemic chemotherapy on survival and recurrence in adults with high-grade @entity11 have had inconclusive results. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of such treatment on survival and recurrence. OBJECTIVES: To compare radiotherapy plus chemotherapy with radiotherapy alone in completely resected adults with high-grade @entity11 . To investigate whether or not pre-defined @entity1 subgroups benefit more or less from chemotherapy. SEARCH STRATEGY: MEDLINE and CancerLit searches were supplemented with information from trial registers and by hand searching relevant meeting proceedings and by discussion with relevant trialists and organisations. These searches were carried out in June 1997, June 1999 and December 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA: Trials comparing radiotherapy versus radiotherapy + chemotherapy were eligible for inclusion provided that they randomized adult @entity1 using a method which precluded prior knowledge of treatment assignment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: A quantitative meta-analysis using updated information from individual @entity1 from all available randomized trials was carried out. Data from all @entity1 randomized in all eligible trials were sought directly from those responsible. Updated information on survival and date of follow-up were obtained, as were details of treatment allocation, date of randomization, age, sex, histological cell type, stage and performance status. To avoid potential bias, information was requested for all randomized @entity1 including those who had been excluded from the investigators' original analyses. All analyses were done on an intention to treat basis on the endpoint of survival. For trials using @entity900 -based regimens, subgroup analyses by age, sex, histological cell type, @entity5 stage and performance status were also done. MAIN RESULTS: Data from 12 randomized trials and 3004 @entity1 were included. The results show a significant prolongation of survival associated with chemotherapy, with a hazard ratio of 0.85 (95% CI 0.78-0.91, p=0.00004) or 15% relative decrease in the risk of @entity204 . This is equivalent to an absolute increase in one year survival rate of 6% (95% confidence interval 3% to 9%) from 40% to 46% and a two-month increase in median survival time (95% confidence interval one month to three months). There was no evidence that the effect of chemotherapy was different in any group of @entity1 defined by age, sex, histology, performance status or extent of resection. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: This small but clear improvement in survival from chemotherapy encourages further study of drug treatment of these tumours

title: Chemotherapy for high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Clinical and pathological studies were performed on 51 cases with @entity1204 . The results are as follows: The average age was 58.9 years and the range 41 to 80 years. Forty-one (80.4%) @entity1 were postmenopausal and the average menopausal age was 49.1 years. All cases were symptomatic and in 35 (76.5%) cases the @entity548 was noted as a chief complaint. The chief complications were @entity28 (37.5%), @entity101 (25.0%), @entity249 (13.7%) and @entity6 (9.4%). Of 51 cases, 36(70.6%) were in Stage I, 7(13.7%) in Stage II, 6(11.8%) in Stage III and 2(3.9%) in Stage IV. When the depth of the invasion was classified into 3 grades, less than 1/3 of the muscular layer, between 1/3 and 2/3, and over 2/3 in 48 cases examined, they were observed in 20(41.7%), 10(20.8%) and 18 cases (37.5%) respectively. There were 6 cases (15%) with lymph node involvement in 40 cases examined. Those in which the depth of invasion was over 2/3, had a significantly higher incidence of lymph node involvement. The five year cumulative survival rate was 66.7%(14/21) for all cases. The clinical stage and age of the @entity1 had a significant correlation with the prognosis of @entity1204 , but the histological grades, the depth of invasion, and lymph node involvement did not demonstrate the a significant correlation in prognosis in this study. The five year survival rate for the group treated by modified pan-hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy was 92.3% which was significantly higher than the 25% of the group treated by simple hysterectomy or than the 0% of non-surgical group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinico-pathological study and appraisal of treatment for XXXX at the Ehime University Hospital].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: @entity722 derived from sexcord-stromal cells are thought to be generally @entity172 producing @entity5 . However recent reports show that these common @entity5 , @entity420 and @entity5 , are capable of @entity172 activity. We have studied the production of @entity172 in common epithelial malignant @entity5 of the ovary. Two cases of @entity189 , five cases of @entity189 and two cases of @entity4348 were examined for the presence of @entity53 using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. The results were as follows: In all @entity5 , one case of @entity189 , four cases of @entity189 and one case of @entity4348 had a positive immunoperoxidase reaction. The incidence of positive reaction showed that @entity189 were more numerous than others. In positive cases, @entity53 localization was recognized in the epithelial cell of mucinous @entity5 to various degrees, but there was no @entity53 localization in admixed goblet like cells. In @entity5 and @entity4348 also @entity53 localization was seen in the cytoplasm. Stromal cells tended to be more weakly positive than epithelial cells. No @entity53 localization was detected in any of the spindle cells or fibrinous connective tissues. These results suggest that some common epithelial malignant @entity5 of the ovary have @entity172 activity and @entity53 is produced not only in stromal cells but also in epithelial cells.

title: [Immunohistochemical localization of @entity53 in XXXX of the ovary].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['Granulosa cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumors', 'Brenner tumors', 'neoplasms', 'serous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadeno-carcinomas', 'serous cystadeno-carcinoma', 'serous cystadeno-carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinomas', 'endometrioid carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['malignant epithelial tumors']


abstract: @entity722 derived from sexcord-stromal cells are thought to be generally @entity172 producing @entity5 . However recent reports show that these common @entity5 , @entity420 and @entity5 , are capable of @entity172 activity. We have studied the production of @entity172 in common epithelial malignant @entity5 of the ovary. Two cases of @entity189 , five cases of @entity189 and two cases of @entity4348 were examined for the presence of @entity53 using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. The results were as follows: In all @entity5 , one case of @entity189 , four cases of @entity189 and one case of @entity4348 had a positive immunoperoxidase reaction. The incidence of positive reaction showed that @entity189 were more numerous than others. In positive cases, @entity53 localization was recognized in the epithelial cell of mucinous @entity5 to various degrees, but there was no @entity53 localization in admixed goblet like cells. In @entity5 and @entity4348 also @entity53 localization was seen in the cytoplasm. Stromal cells tended to be more weakly positive than epithelial cells. No @entity53 localization was detected in any of the spindle cells or fibrinous connective tissues. These results suggest that some common epithelial malignant @entity5 of the ovary have @entity172 activity and @entity53 is produced not only in stromal cells but also in epithelial cells.

title: [Immunohistochemical localization of XXXX in @entity189 of the ovary].

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: The species @entity6043 consists at present of three subspecies, delbrueckii, @entity16121 and bulgaricus, showing a high level of DNA-DNA hybridization similarity but presenting markedly different traits related to distinct ecological adaptation. The internal genetic heterogeneity of the bacterial species @entity6043 was analyzed. Phenotypic and several genetic traits were investigated for 61 strains belonging to this species. These included 16S rDNA sequence mutations, expression of beta-galactosidase and of the cell wall-anchored protease, the characterization of the lactose operon locus and of the sequence of lacR gene, @entity3649 metabolism, and the distribution of insertion sequences. The high genetic heterogeneity of taxa was confirmed by every trait investigated: the lac operon was completely deleted in the subsp. delbrueckii, different mutation events in the repressor gene of the operon led to a constitutive expression of lacZ in the subsp. bulgaricus. Structural differences in the same genetic locus were probably due to the presence of different IS elements in the flanking regions. The different expression of the cell wall-anchored protease, constitutive in the subsp. bulgaricus, inducible in the subsp. @entity16121 , and absent in the subsp. delbrueckii was also a consequence of mutations at the gene level. The galT gene for @entity3649 metabolism was found only in the subsp. @entity16121 , while no specific amplification product was detected in the other two subspecies. All these data, together with the absence of a specific IS element, ISL6, from the major number of strains belonging to the subsp. bulgaricus, confirmed a deep internal heterogeneity among the three subspecies. Moreover, this evidence and the directional mutations found in the 16S rDNA sequences suggested that, of the three subspecies, @entity16121 is the taxon closer to the ancestor. Limitations of the current @entity15669 were also discussed, based on presented evidences. Our results indicate the need for an accurate investigation of internal heterogeneity of bacterial species. This study has consequences on the prokaryotic species concept, since genomic flexibility of prokaryotes collides with a stable classification, necessary from a scientific and applied point of view.

title: Evolution of the bacterial species XXXX : a partial genomic study with reflections on prokaryotic species concept.

entities_list: @entity6043 :: ('1584', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus delbrueckii', 'L. delbrueckii']

entities_list: @entity16121 :: ('29397', 'Species') :: ['L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis', 'lactis']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity15669 :: ('MESH:C564159', 'Disease') :: ['prokaryotic species definition']

answer: @entity6043 :: (1584,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus delbrueckii']


abstract: The present study has been based on a detailed, computer-assisted, analysis of 112 @entity816 from @entity1 of all ages seen at The Radcliffe Infirmary between 1938 and 1984. There have been only six studies larger than the present one. From the results obtained in the present study, and the review of the literature, the following conclusions have been reached. Between 70 and 80% of @entity76 are found in @entity1 . Few @entity1 are less than 1 year of age or older than 40 at the time of diagnosis. There appear to be no age peaks. Prognosis is poorest at the extremes of life, @entity1 less than 5 years old tending to suffer an early recurrence and @entity1 in the oldest age groups having not only a very rapid recurrence but also a very low overall survival rate. In the present study, there was a slight predominance of males although basically, when all studies are considered, the incidence appears to be equal amongst the sexes. Around puberty there appears to be an abrupt drop in the number of @entity5 in females and a concomitant rise in the number of males. There appears to be no relationship between sex and the length of survival. It would appear that @entity76 can begin either within the vermis or one hemisphere. There appears to be no laterality, the right and left sides of the cerebellum being affected equally. In the present study, the hemispheres were affected three times more frequently than the vermis (34.8%: 12.5%). The rate of recurrence is much faster with @entity5 of the vermis, whilst the length of survival to death is much longer with @entity5 of one hemisphere at least up to 10 years after surgery. The most rapid recurrences take place in @entity5 which involve both hemispheres and the vermis whilst the poorest survival is associated with @entity5 infiltrating the brain stem. The average length of history is 18.7 months, being under forty-eight months in approximately 60% of @entity1 , but only greater than 60 months in 6.2% of cases. The length of history was not related to either @entity1 age or survival time. Most @entity1 present with obstructive @entity1276 with or without localising symptoms. The presentation is usually chronic and intermittent but may also be acute.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX . Clinical characteristics and prognostic indices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar astrocytomas']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['Cerebellar astrocytomas']


abstract: Abdominovaginal sling surgery is performed in @entity1 with genuine stress @entity322 . It is not usually a primary operation because of the higher morbidity compared to the colposuspension. Slings are indicated in incontinent @entity1 with previous failed surgery, @entity6369 , intrinsic sphincter weakness, @entity3133 or those with restricted vaginal mobility. This study was undertaken to assess long-term @entity1 perceived success of abdominovaginal sling surgery in @entity1 with genuine stress @entity322 (GSI) in the presence of a cystocoele. The case notes were reviewed of all 37 @entity1 undergoing sling surgery for GSI in the presence of a significant cystocoele between 1988 and 1999. @entity1 were sent a questionnaire at a minimum follow-up of 12 months enquiring about urinary symptoms. The mean duration of follow-up was 49 months. Six weeks following surgery 33/37 (89%) were completely dry. Thirty-three @entity1 (89%) responded to the questionnaire. Of these 14/33 (42%) were totally dry, 10/33 (30%) had insignificant leakage and 9/33 required regular protection. The mean visual analogue score of improvement in @entity322 was 75.3 (+/-30.1). The operation was deemed successful in 24/33 (72%) @entity1 . Voiding difficulty was reported in 12% and recurrent prolapse occurred in 15%. Of the failures 8/9 reported urge @entity322 and 4/9 stress @entity322 . Frequency, urgency and urge @entity322 were significantly more common in the @entity1 in whom the operation failed. This study demonstrates a 72% long-term success of abdominovaginal sling operations in @entity1 with GSI and a significant cystocoele. Development of @entity6684 accounted for most of the operative failures.

title: The long-term success of abdominovaginal sling operations for genuine stress XXXX and a cystocoele--a questionnaire-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethral hypermobility']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3133 :: ('MESH:D014596', 'Disease') :: ['significant anterior vaginal wall prolapse']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: The aim of this study was to test whether oxygenation in acutely @entity63 , collateralized tissue may be improved by normovolemic hemodilution with a solution containing liposome-encapsulated @entity1 Hb ( @entity97 ). A skin flap model in anesthetized hamsters was used, which consisted of two parts receiving either anatomic or collateral perfusion. Microhemodynamics were investigated with intravital microscopy. Partial tissue @entity26 tension was measured with a Clark-type microprobe. Hemodilution was obtained by exchanging 50% of the total blood volume with @entity97 suspended in 8% human serum albumin (HSA8) or 6% Dextran 70 (Dx70). The size of the vesicles was 276 nm, the P(50) was 22 mmHg, and the Hb concentration of the solutions was 7.5 g/dl. Colloid osmotic pressure and viscosity were 49.9 mmHg and 8.7 cP for @entity97 -Dx70 and 40.0 mmHg and 2.9 cP for @entity97 -HSA8, respectively. Hemodilution with @entity97 -Dx70 led to an increase in microvascular blood flow in the @entity63 microvessels to maximally 158% (median, P < 0.01), whereas blood flow remained virtually unchanged after hemodilution with @entity97 -HSA8. In the @entity63 tissue, @entity26 tension was improved from 11.9 to 17.0 mmHg (P < 0.01) after hemodilution with @entity97 -Dx70 but remained virtually unchanged after hemodilution with @entity97 -HSA8. Our study suggests that the oxygenation in acutely @entity63 , collateralized tissue may be improved by normovolemic hemodilution with @entity97 suspended in Dx70. The effect was achieved by an increase in microcirculatory blood flow related to the rheological properties of the suspending medium.

title: Normovolemic hemodilution with Hb vesicle solution attenuates hypoxia in XXXX hamster flap tissue.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: A postal survey of dermatologists identified 365 @entity1 with a presumptive diagnosis of @entity8143 . One hundred and forty-four dermatologists had seen at least 1 such @entity1 in the previous 5 years and 78 were current. The data provided on 53 @entity1 who met the study criteria were examined in more detail. Racial origin, marital status and age at presentation varied widely. Females predominated in the older age-groups, but there was an equal sex distribution under the age of 50. @entity1314 were commonly identified, especially of the obsessional type. @entity74 associated with @entity111 co-existed in a substantial minority. Previous dermatological and @entity146 were uncommon and non-specific. The disorder was often, though not invariably, of long duration. Relatively few @entity1 were successfully referred to psychiatrists. Dermatologists often treated the disorder effectively, especially when neuroleptic agents were employed. @entity1766 appeared to be particularly helpful in many @entity1 .

title: The presentation and treatment of XXXX : a dermatological perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['Pimozide']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Physical disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal personality traits']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['delusional parasitosis']

answer: @entity8143 :: (MESH:D063726,Disease) :: ['delusional parasitosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to distinguish beneficial effects of B-cell rest from other effects of correction of hyperglycaemia. For this purpose we used @entity6335 which reversibly blocks @entity2690 secretion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight obese (age 53 +/- 1 yr: BMI 33 +/- 2 kg/m2: 4 females) type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with poor metabolic control (HbA1c 8.7 +/- 0.9% ref.<5.2%) were studied twice after a randomly ordered treatment period of five days of intensive i.v. @entity2690 treatment alone or i.v. @entity2690 with peroral @entity6335 (300 mg/day, divided into 3 doses). The glycaemic control was not altered between the two treatment periods. @entity2690 secretion was measured in response to i.v. @entity413 and @entity369 . RESULTS: @entity2690 infusion was used to achieve close to identical degrees of glycaemia during the two treatment periods. Previous treatment with @entity6335 was associated with a moderate 1.9 +/- 0.6 fold rise in @entity2690 response to intravenous @entity413 (p=0.04) and 1.6 +/- 0.4 fold increased @entity413 potentiation of @entity369 -induced @entity2690 secretion (GPAIS) (p=0.04). Conversely, after @entity2690 alone there was no response to i.v. @entity413 and no change in GPAIS. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity6335 treatment improved important parameters of B-cell function and these effects could be dissociated from confounding effects of changes in glycaemia. Consequently, the results indicate beneficial effects of B-cell rest.

title: Improved beta cell function after short-term treatment with XXXX in obese subjects with type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6335 :: (MESH:D003981,Chemical) :: ['diazoxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to distinguish beneficial effects of B-cell rest from other effects of correction of hyperglycaemia. For this purpose we used @entity6335 which reversibly blocks @entity2690 secretion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight obese (age 53 +/- 1 yr: BMI 33 +/- 2 kg/m2: 4 females) type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with poor metabolic control (HbA1c 8.7 +/- 0.9% ref.<5.2%) were studied twice after a randomly ordered treatment period of five days of intensive i.v. @entity2690 treatment alone or i.v. @entity2690 with peroral @entity6335 (300 mg/day, divided into 3 doses). The glycaemic control was not altered between the two treatment periods. @entity2690 secretion was measured in response to i.v. @entity413 and @entity369 . RESULTS: @entity2690 infusion was used to achieve close to identical degrees of glycaemia during the two treatment periods. Previous treatment with @entity6335 was associated with a moderate 1.9 +/- 0.6 fold rise in @entity2690 response to intravenous @entity413 (p=0.04) and 1.6 +/- 0.4 fold increased @entity413 potentiation of @entity369 -induced @entity2690 secretion (GPAIS) (p=0.04). Conversely, after @entity2690 alone there was no response to i.v. @entity413 and no change in GPAIS. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity6335 treatment improved important parameters of B-cell function and these effects could be dissociated from confounding effects of changes in glycaemia. Consequently, the results indicate beneficial effects of B-cell rest.

title: Improved beta cell function after short-term treatment with @entity6335 in obese subjects with type 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Extended treatment with @entity2067 antagonists for more than 6 months is often used for secondary prevention of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) in @entity1 at high or moderate risk for recurrent events. The intensity of anticoagulant therapy is usually maintained at an International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 2-3. An INR of 1.5-2 might also prevent @entity1031 with less complications of @entity548 , but results from randomized trials are not yet available. In a non-prospective, uncontrolled study 40 @entity1 with a history of @entity1211 and an estimated high risk for recurrent events due to several previous events and/or @entity154 were, after a median of 11.5 months on regular intensity anticoagulation (INR 2-3), switched to a low intensity regimen (INR 1.5-2). In six of the @entity1 an estimated high risk for complications of @entity548 contributed to this decision. After a median follow-up of 36 months (140 @entity1 -years) recurrent events, complications of @entity548 and some basic quality of life measurements regarding the new treatment were registered. No recurrent events, four minor bleedings and no major bleedings were registered. Twenty-six @entity1 preferred an INR of 1.5-2 compared to 2-3. The main reasons for that preference were a lower risk for @entity548 (13 @entity1 ) and less frequent monitoring of the INR (18 @entity1 ). No @entity1 preferred full-dose anticoagulation at INR 2-3. In @entity1 at a high risk for recurrence of @entity1211 an initial period of regular intensity anticoagulation, followed by a low-intensity regimen, may provide effective and safe secondary prophylaxis.

title: Experiences of a low-intensity anticoagulation regimen for extended secondary prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilic defects']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']