abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms of mitochondrial apoptosis in @entity2759 -reperfusion injury and the effects of Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection preconditioning intervention. METHODS: Sixty Japanese @entity95 were divided into sham-operated group, @entity63 group, @entity63 -reperfusion group (1, 6, 24 and 48 h), and Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection group (1, 6, 24 and 48 h). Clamping the abdominal aorta was used to construct the @entity95 model of @entity2759 -reperfusion injury. The @entity95 in the @entity63 -reperfusion group and the Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection group underwent reperfusion for 1, 6, 24, 48 h respectively after fifty-minute @entity63 . The @entity95 in the Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection group were administered with Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection at 9 mg/kg 30 minutes before @entity63 . Rate of apoptotic cells was measured by flow cytometry; contents of caspase-9 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in cytoplasm and serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operated group and the @entity63 group, the rates of apoptotic cells, the contents of caspase-9 and AIF in cytoplasm were increased at all time points after reperfusion, and the contents of caspase-9 and AIF in serum were decreased after 1 h and 6 h reperfusion, and increased after 24 h and 48 h reperfusion in the @entity63 -reperfusion group. Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection intervention could decrease the rate of apoptotic cells and the contents of caspase-9 and AIF in cytoplasm and serum as compared with those in the @entity63 -reperfusion group, and the effects appeared after 1 h reperfusion. CONCLUSION: The apoptosis of nerve cells after @entity2759 -reperfusion is related to the mitochondrial pathways. Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection can inhibit nerve cell apoptosis by decreasing the contents of caspase-9 and AIF in cytoplasm and serum.

title: [Changes of mitochondrial apoptosis in XXXX -reperfusion injury and the effects of Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection preconditioning intervention in @entity95 ].

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity2759 :: (MESH:D020760,Disease) :: ['spinal cord ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms of mitochondrial apoptosis in @entity2759 -reperfusion injury and the effects of Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection preconditioning intervention. METHODS: Sixty Japanese @entity95 were divided into sham-operated group, @entity63 group, @entity63 -reperfusion group (1, 6, 24 and 48 h), and Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection group (1, 6, 24 and 48 h). Clamping the abdominal aorta was used to construct the @entity95 model of @entity2759 -reperfusion injury. The @entity95 in the @entity63 -reperfusion group and the Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection group underwent reperfusion for 1, 6, 24, 48 h respectively after fifty-minute @entity63 . The @entity95 in the Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection group were administered with Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection at 9 mg/kg 30 minutes before @entity63 . Rate of apoptotic cells was measured by flow cytometry; contents of caspase-9 and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in cytoplasm and serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operated group and the @entity63 group, the rates of apoptotic cells, the contents of caspase-9 and AIF in cytoplasm were increased at all time points after reperfusion, and the contents of caspase-9 and AIF in serum were decreased after 1 h and 6 h reperfusion, and increased after 24 h and 48 h reperfusion in the @entity63 -reperfusion group. Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection intervention could decrease the rate of apoptotic cells and the contents of caspase-9 and AIF in cytoplasm and serum as compared with those in the @entity63 -reperfusion group, and the effects appeared after 1 h reperfusion. CONCLUSION: The apoptosis of nerve cells after @entity2759 -reperfusion is related to the mitochondrial pathways. Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection can inhibit nerve cell apoptosis by decreasing the contents of caspase-9 and AIF in cytoplasm and serum.

title: [Changes of mitochondrial apoptosis in @entity2759 -reperfusion injury and the effects of Herba Erigerontis Breviscapi Injection preconditioning intervention in XXXX ].

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening mode preferences and correlates of these preferences among US veterans at average risk for @entity14 . METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of VA @entity1 was conducted between January 2005 and December 2006. We report preference distributions for screening modes among 2068 average-risk veterans and across @entity1 subgroups based on personal, behavioral, and environmental factors. Independent predictors of preferences are identified through hierarchical logistic regression models. RESULTS: Colonoscopy (37%) was the most preferred mode followed by fecal occult blood test (FOBT) (29%). The strongest predictors of preferences were previous screening experience, provider recommendation, and use of non-VA healthcare services. @entity1 in higher socioeconomic groups were more likely to choose colonoscopy and less likely to indicate no preference. CONCLUSION: Screening programs that offer only one mode fail to accommodate the preferences of a substantial proportion of @entity1 . Within the VA, adding screening colonoscopy to programs currently offering only FOBT is likely to increase preferences for colonoscopy, as @entity1 incorporate provider recommendations for and personal experience with colonoscopy into their preferences. This is likely to disproportionately benefit lower socioeconomic groups who do not currently have access to non-VA colonoscopy services.

title: XXXX screening mode preferences among US veterans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: The evolution of @entity4798 during permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was studied in @entity19 using multiparametric imaging techniques. Regional protein synthesis and the regional tissue content of @entity855 were measured on adjacent cryostat sections at increasing intervals after @entity432 ranging from 1 hour to 3 days. The observed changes were correlated with the expression of the mRNA of @entity187 , @entity9830 , @entity9829 , and @entity27619 , as well as the distribution of DNA double-strand breaks visualized by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labelling (TUNEL). One hour after @entity2500 , the tissue volume with suppressed protein synthesis was distinctly larger than that in which @entity855 was depleted. With ongoing @entity63 time, the @entity855 -depleted area gradually expanded and, within 1 day, merged with the region of suppressed protein synthesis. Expression of @entity187 mRNA occurred mainly in the penumbra (defined as the region of suppressed protein synthesis but preserved @entity855 ), peaking at 3 hours after @entity432 . Expression of the immediate-early genes @entity9829 , @entity9830 , and @entity27619 increased both in the penumbra and the periinfarct normal tissue already at 1 hour after @entity432 , with slightly different regional and temporal patterns for each of these genes. DNA fragmentations were clearly confined to neurons; they appeared after 1 day in the @entity1188 core (defined as the region of suppressed @entity855 ) and never were detected in the penumbra. The late appearance of TUNEL after @entity1188 had reached their final size and the absence in the penumbra points against a major pathogenetic role of apoptosis. @entity2500 in @entity19 thus produces a gradually expanding @entity1188 , the final size of which is heralded by the early inhibition of protein synthesis.

title: Dynamics of regional brain metabolism and gene expression after XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['Permanent MCA occlusion', 'MCA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']


abstract: The evolution of @entity4798 during permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was studied in @entity19 using multiparametric imaging techniques. Regional protein synthesis and the regional tissue content of @entity855 were measured on adjacent cryostat sections at increasing intervals after @entity432 ranging from 1 hour to 3 days. The observed changes were correlated with the expression of the mRNA of @entity187 , @entity9830 , @entity9829 , and @entity27619 , as well as the distribution of DNA double-strand breaks visualized by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labelling (TUNEL). One hour after @entity2500 , the tissue volume with suppressed protein synthesis was distinctly larger than that in which @entity855 was depleted. With ongoing @entity63 time, the @entity855 -depleted area gradually expanded and, within 1 day, merged with the region of suppressed protein synthesis. Expression of @entity187 mRNA occurred mainly in the penumbra (defined as the region of suppressed protein synthesis but preserved @entity855 ), peaking at 3 hours after @entity432 . Expression of the immediate-early genes @entity9829 , @entity9830 , and @entity27619 increased both in the penumbra and the periinfarct normal tissue already at 1 hour after @entity432 , with slightly different regional and temporal patterns for each of these genes. DNA fragmentations were clearly confined to neurons; they appeared after 1 day in the @entity1188 core (defined as the region of suppressed @entity855 ) and never were detected in the penumbra. The late appearance of TUNEL after @entity1188 had reached their final size and the absence in the penumbra points against a major pathogenetic role of apoptosis. @entity2500 in @entity19 thus produces a gradually expanding @entity1188 , the final size of which is heralded by the early inhibition of protein synthesis.

title: Dynamics of regional brain metabolism and gene expression after @entity2500 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: CONTEXT: Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are extensively used by the public. Noncompliance is an important cause of therapy failure. AIM: This study was done to determine prevalence of emergency admission due to noncompliance with modern medicine following switching over to CAM and to identify any significant association for CAM use among noncompliers. SETTING AND DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the emergency unit of a tertiary healthcare institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Demographic factors and system affected were compared between compliers and noncompliers. Prevalence, reasons and nature of noncompliance were determined. Age, gender, outcome, relation strength and potential preventability of noncompliance, precipitating and previous disease and noncompliant drugs were compared for significant association between CAM using and other noncompliers. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student's 't' test, Chi square test and odds ratio were used. RESULTS: Of the 506 @entity1 interviewed 168 (33%) were noncompliant. In 160 (95%) @entity1 noncompliance was due to under-dosing. Lack of knowledge and CAM use constituted 144 (86%) noncompliance-related admissions. Thirty-three (7%) admissions were strongly related to noncompliance and CAM use. Age, gender, outcome, drug use and diseases except @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and @entity565 showed no association while relation strength and potential preventability of emergency admission was less with CAM-using noncompliers. Noncompliance was observed for @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity1030 and @entity565 , @entity302 , @entity378 and @entity447 besides hepatic and @entity177 . The CAM noncompliers used CAM more for modern medicine incurable or unaffordable than curable diseases. CONCLUSION: Advice for regular treatment and frequent monitoring can decrease CAM use-related noncompliance admissions.

title: Study of association between use of complementary and alternative medicine and non-compliance with modern medicine in XXXX presenting to the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Endocrine cells isolated from the anterior pituitary fire intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) transients due to voltage-gated @entity141 entry. However, the patterns of [ @entity141 ]i transients within the glandular parenchyma of the anterior pituitary are unknown. Here we describe, using real-time confocal laser microscopy, several spontaneous patterns of @entity460 signaling in acute pituitary slices prepared from male as well as cycling and lactating female @entity35 . Forty percent of the cells demonstrated a spontaneous bursting mode, consisting of an active period of [ @entity141 ]i transients firing at a constant frequency, followed by a rest period during which cells were either silent or randomly active. The remaining recordings from endocrine cells either demonstrated random [ @entity141 ]i transients or were silent. These rhythmic bursts of [ @entity141 ]i transients, which required extracellular @entity460 , were detected in lactotrophs, somatotrophs, and corticotrophs within the acute slices. Of significance was the finding that the bursting mode could be adjusted by hypothalamic factors. In slices prepared from lactating @entity35 , @entity1218 recruited more bursting cells and finely adjusted the average duty cycle of [ @entity141 ]i bursts such that cells fired patterned bursts for approximately 70% of the recording period. Eighty-six percent of these cells were lactotrophs. Thus, the rhythmic [ @entity141 ]i bursts and their tuning by secretagogues may provide timing information that could encode for one or more cellular functions (e.g. exocytosis and/or gene expression) critical for the release of hormones by endocrine cells in the intact gland.

title: Rhythmic bursts of XXXX transients in acute anterior pituitary slices.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bone marrow (BM) is an immunologically privileged site where activated autoantibody-producing B cells may survive for prolonged periods. We investigated the effect of rituximab (anti- @entity2225 mAb) in peripheral blood (PB) and BM B-cell and T-cell populations in active @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Active @entity309 @entity1 received rituximab (1,000 mg) on days 1 and 15. PB (n = 11) and BM (n = 8) aspirates were collected at baseline and at 3 months. We assessed B-cell and T-cell populations using triple-color flow cytometry. RESULTS: Rituximab therapy decreased PB (from a mean 2% to 0.9%, P = 0.022) but not BM (from 4.6% to 3.8%, P = 0.273) @entity1075 + B cells, associated with a significant reduction in the activated @entity1075 +HLA-DR+ subset both in PB (from 55% to 19%, P = 0.007) and in BM (from 68% to 19%, P = 0.007). Response to rituximab was preceded by a significant decrease in PB and BM @entity1075 + @entity2731 + memory B cells (P = 0.022). These effects were specific to rituximab since anti-TNF therapy did not reduce total or activated B cells. Rituximab therapy did not alter the number of activated CD4+HLA-DR+ and CD4+ @entity7211 + T cells. CONCLUSIONS: Rituximab therapy preferentially depletes activated @entity1075 +HLA-DR+ B cells in the PB and BM of active @entity309 @entity1 . Clinical response to rituximab is associated with depletion of @entity1075 + @entity2731 + memory B cells in PB and BM of @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Rituximab therapy reduces activated B cells in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow of @entity1 with XXXX : depletion of memory B cells correlates with clinical response.

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bone marrow (BM) is an immunologically privileged site where activated autoantibody-producing B cells may survive for prolonged periods. We investigated the effect of rituximab (anti- @entity2225 mAb) in peripheral blood (PB) and BM B-cell and T-cell populations in active @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Active @entity309 @entity1 received rituximab (1,000 mg) on days 1 and 15. PB (n = 11) and BM (n = 8) aspirates were collected at baseline and at 3 months. We assessed B-cell and T-cell populations using triple-color flow cytometry. RESULTS: Rituximab therapy decreased PB (from a mean 2% to 0.9%, P = 0.022) but not BM (from 4.6% to 3.8%, P = 0.273) @entity1075 + B cells, associated with a significant reduction in the activated @entity1075 +HLA-DR+ subset both in PB (from 55% to 19%, P = 0.007) and in BM (from 68% to 19%, P = 0.007). Response to rituximab was preceded by a significant decrease in PB and BM @entity1075 + @entity2731 + memory B cells (P = 0.022). These effects were specific to rituximab since anti-TNF therapy did not reduce total or activated B cells. Rituximab therapy did not alter the number of activated CD4+HLA-DR+ and CD4+ @entity7211 + T cells. CONCLUSIONS: Rituximab therapy preferentially depletes activated @entity1075 +HLA-DR+ B cells in the PB and BM of active @entity309 @entity1 . Clinical response to rituximab is associated with depletion of @entity1075 + @entity2731 + memory B cells in PB and BM of @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Rituximab therapy reduces activated B cells in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow of XXXX with @entity309 : depletion of memory B cells correlates with clinical response.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 prevention behaviors (OPBs) can prevent and delay @entity79 ; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan can identify @entity170 and provide personal @entity170 risk information that may promote prevention behaviors. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to estimate relationships between receiving personal knowledge of bone mineral density (gained through DXA scan), general knowledge of @entity170 , health beliefs, and the two OPBs of @entity460 intake and weight-bearing exercise in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 50 to 65 years. METHODS: In this longitudinal, randomized clinical trial (including covariates), receipt of personal DXA information was manipulated by random assignment to the experimental or control group. The remaining antecedent and outcome variable measures were collected by questionnaire at three time points (initial [T1; pre-DXA], 6 months [T2], 12 months [T3]) and by bone density assessment from 203 @entity1 over an 18-month period in 2001-2003. RESULTS: The experimental manipulation (DXA results) had a direct positive effect (beta = .23, p < .05) on @entity460 intake at T2, and indirectly at T3 through T2. @entity1 in the experimental group who were informed they had @entity2331 or @entity170 had a greater T1-T2 change in daily @entity460 intake than those with normal bone density (beta = .23, p < .05). However, providing DXA results did not relate to change in exercise. Health beliefs and general @entity170 knowledge predicted initial @entity460 and exercise levels; there was tentative evidence that susceptibility beliefs partially mediate between DXA results and change in @entity460 intake. DISCUSSION: Personal knowledge of DXA results was related significantly to increases in @entity460 intake in postmenopausal @entity1 , but not to exercise. Directions for further study are discussed.

title: Structural model for XXXX preventing behavior in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 prevention behaviors (OPBs) can prevent and delay @entity79 ; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan can identify @entity170 and provide personal @entity170 risk information that may promote prevention behaviors. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to estimate relationships between receiving personal knowledge of bone mineral density (gained through DXA scan), general knowledge of @entity170 , health beliefs, and the two OPBs of @entity460 intake and weight-bearing exercise in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 50 to 65 years. METHODS: In this longitudinal, randomized clinical trial (including covariates), receipt of personal DXA information was manipulated by random assignment to the experimental or control group. The remaining antecedent and outcome variable measures were collected by questionnaire at three time points (initial [T1; pre-DXA], 6 months [T2], 12 months [T3]) and by bone density assessment from 203 @entity1 over an 18-month period in 2001-2003. RESULTS: The experimental manipulation (DXA results) had a direct positive effect (beta = .23, p < .05) on @entity460 intake at T2, and indirectly at T3 through T2. @entity1 in the experimental group who were informed they had @entity2331 or @entity170 had a greater T1-T2 change in daily @entity460 intake than those with normal bone density (beta = .23, p < .05). However, providing DXA results did not relate to change in exercise. Health beliefs and general @entity170 knowledge predicted initial @entity460 and exercise levels; there was tentative evidence that susceptibility beliefs partially mediate between DXA results and change in @entity460 intake. DISCUSSION: Personal knowledge of DXA results was related significantly to increases in @entity460 intake in postmenopausal @entity1 , but not to exercise. Directions for further study are discussed.

title: Structural model for @entity170 preventing behavior in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Twenty healthy subjects and 39 @entity177 @entity1 ( @entity6192 - @entity1 ) maintained on chronic hemodialysis were used in this investigation to study the changes in @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) activity of red blood cells (RBCs). The @entity6192 - @entity1 were all undergoing hemodialysis treatment. @entity10810 activity from the @entity6192 - @entity1 was determined before and after dialysis. An additional objective was to study the effect of @entity177 on @entity1 red blood cell aging. Blood samples were drawn from controls and @entity6192 - @entity1 in tubes containing @entity1098 or @entity1372 heparin as an anticoagulant. Red blood cells were purified to avoid interference with monocytes, reticulocytes and leukocytes. The purified RBCs were subfractionated into young (y) (1.08-1.09), mid (m) (1.09-1.11) and old (o) (1.11-1.12) percoll density (g/mL) fractions using a discontinous percoll gradient. The mean +/- SD @entity10810 per gram hemoglobin (U/g Hgb) activities in whole blood (WB), purified @entity1 red blood cells (PRBCs), young @entity1 red blood cells (y-RBCs), mid age @entity1 red blood cells (m-RBCs) and old @entity1 red blood cells (o-RBCs) in @entity6192 - @entity1 were 31.2+/-3.43, 29.3+/-3.26, 30.4+/-3.91, 25.1+/-5.25, 17.1+/-6.02 in females and 29.8+/-5.39, 28.8+/-5.29, 28.7+/-5.29, 23.7+/-5.39 and 16.0+/-5.60 in males. @entity10810 activity from @entity6192 - @entity1 were higher than that found in the control subjects. The aging of @entity1 RBCs in both the controls and @entity6192 - @entity1 showed a progressive reduction in @entity10810 activity. @entity10810 activity of RBCs from female @entity6192 - @entity1 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the female control subjects. The RBCs isolated from male @entity6192 - @entity1 showed a higher @entity10810 activity than control males, but a significant difference was only observed with the mid-age-cells. These studies further indicate that @entity10810 activity remained insignificantly different in the various density based age subfractions of RBCs of both @entity6192 - @entity1 and controls.

title: XXXX activity in @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Renal Failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity10810 :: ('43', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

answer: @entity10810 :: (43,Gene) :: ['Acetylcholinesterase']


abstract: Twenty healthy subjects and 39 @entity177 @entity1 ( @entity6192 - @entity1 ) maintained on chronic hemodialysis were used in this investigation to study the changes in @entity10810 ( @entity10810 ) activity of red blood cells (RBCs). The @entity6192 - @entity1 were all undergoing hemodialysis treatment. @entity10810 activity from the @entity6192 - @entity1 was determined before and after dialysis. An additional objective was to study the effect of @entity177 on @entity1 red blood cell aging. Blood samples were drawn from controls and @entity6192 - @entity1 in tubes containing @entity1098 or @entity1372 heparin as an anticoagulant. Red blood cells were purified to avoid interference with monocytes, reticulocytes and leukocytes. The purified RBCs were subfractionated into young (y) (1.08-1.09), mid (m) (1.09-1.11) and old (o) (1.11-1.12) percoll density (g/mL) fractions using a discontinous percoll gradient. The mean +/- SD @entity10810 per gram hemoglobin (U/g Hgb) activities in whole blood (WB), purified @entity1 red blood cells (PRBCs), young @entity1 red blood cells (y-RBCs), mid age @entity1 red blood cells (m-RBCs) and old @entity1 red blood cells (o-RBCs) in @entity6192 - @entity1 were 31.2+/-3.43, 29.3+/-3.26, 30.4+/-3.91, 25.1+/-5.25, 17.1+/-6.02 in females and 29.8+/-5.39, 28.8+/-5.29, 28.7+/-5.29, 23.7+/-5.39 and 16.0+/-5.60 in males. @entity10810 activity from @entity6192 - @entity1 were higher than that found in the control subjects. The aging of @entity1 RBCs in both the controls and @entity6192 - @entity1 showed a progressive reduction in @entity10810 activity. @entity10810 activity of RBCs from female @entity6192 - @entity1 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the female control subjects. The RBCs isolated from male @entity6192 - @entity1 showed a higher @entity10810 activity than control males, but a significant difference was only observed with the mid-age-cells. These studies further indicate that @entity10810 activity remained insignificantly different in the various density based age subfractions of RBCs of both @entity6192 - @entity1 and controls.

title: @entity10810 activity in XXXX .

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity3652 in pediatric @entity1 undergoing interventional cardiac procedures. DESIGN: A retrospective clinical study. SETTING: A single, tertiary referral center. @entity1 : @entity1 (n = 107) undergoing interventional cardiac procedures between July 1996 and July 1998. INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity1 received a bolus of @entity3652 , 1 mg/kg intravenously, followed by an infusion of 50 to 75 microg/kg/min for the duration of the procedure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters were noted. All @entity1 were breathing spontaneously. Average infusion dose of @entity3652 was 51.40+/-3.54 microg/kg/min (mean +/- standard deviation). Increases in heart rate and mean arterial pressure by more than 20% from baseline values were seen in 10 and 9 @entity1 , respectively. Transient @entity386 and @entity3887 were seen in two @entity1 each. Excessive movement of extremities was seen in six @entity1 . There were no episodes of unpleasant dreams or @entity1833 . There were two deaths (1.9%) related to the interventional procedures. CONCLUSION: The technique described is a simple, safe, and effective method for anesthetizing @entity1 in the cardiac catheterization laboratory for interventional procedures.

title: Total intravenous anesthesia with XXXX for pediatric interventional cardiac procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3887 :: ('MESH:C531600', 'Disease') :: ['excessive salivation']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of posttransplant @entity3528 ( @entity3528 ) with @entity560 analogues is determined by their effectiveness to reverse @entity2741 . Calcimimetics inhibit @entity461 ( @entity461 ) secretion by modulating the @entity460 -sensing receptor in the parathyroid gland. Cinacalcet, a calcimimetic drug, has proven its effectiveness for the treatment of @entity3528 among @entity1 in phase V of @entity740 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 48 @entity1 with @entity3528 who were treated with cinacalcet. The initial dose of 30 mg/d could be increased to 180 mg, administering @entity3873 also, depending on the serum @entity460 and @entity461 levels. The objectives were a @entity461 level between 75 and 125 pg/mL or a decrease >40%, and a serum @entity460 level below 10.5 mg/dL. RESULTS: The average @entity461 at baseline was 244 pg/mL, decreasing to 131 pg/mL at 1 year (P < .01). The average @entity460 at baseline was 10.1 mg/dL descending to 9.2 mg/dL at 1 year (P < .01). Among @entity1 with @entity2741 , the @entity460 decreased from 11 to 9.6 mg/dL at 1 year (P < .01). Seventy percent of @entity1 without @entity2741 reached the desired value of @entity461 , and 100% of those with @entity2741 . Among @entity1 with @entity2741 , the desired @entity460 level was reached in 91% of cases. Ten @entity1 developed @entity3747 . In 3 cases we stopped the treatment with cinacalcet due to digestive intolerance. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with cinacalcet controlled @entity2742 and @entity2741 among @entity1 with posttransplant @entity3528 . It was a safe drug, with a low incidence of side effects.

title: Treatment with cinacalcet of XXXX after renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism', 'SHP']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The indication for single or double lung transplantation in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2542 is a topic of current debate. Our aim was to analyze the differences in the incidence of perioperative complications, survival, and quality of life between single and double lung transplantations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1999 to 2008, 223 subjects underwent transplantation in our department, of whom 62 (28%) had a previous diagnosis of @entity2542 . A retrospective study was performed to establish possible differences between group 1 (single lung) and group 2 (double lung) transplants analyzing overall survival using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences between groups using the log-rank test. Pearson chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of @entity260 , @entity4154 @entity19621 acute rejection episodes, and @entity281 . RESULTS: We included 62 @entity1 who underwent transplantation for @entity2415 . Cumulative 5-year survival rate, excluding preoperative mortality, was 54% overall, 59% for group 1, and 56% for group 2. No significant differences were observed between the groups (P = .47). The frequency of @entity19621 was 34% in group 1 and 42% in group 2 (P = .52). At least 1 acute rejection episode occurred in 52% of group 1 @entity1 and 51% of group 2 @entity1 (P = .98). @entity2348 were experienced by 50% of group 1 @entity1 and 54% of group 2 @entity1 (P = .72). @entity364 affected 10% of group 1 @entity1 and 15% of group 2 @entity1 (P = .71). @entity3816 were recorded in 27.6% of group 1 @entity1 versus 54% of group 2 @entity1 , a difference that was statistically significant (P = .032). CONCLUSIONS: The study results supported the decision of our group to consider single lung transplantation the treatment of choice in @entity2415 , which may be complemented with volume reduction surgery in the native lung or subsequent transplantation of the contralateral lung.

title: Lung transplantation as the first choice in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: A total of 111 @entity1 underwent open heart surgery during which myocardial preservation was provided by systemic @entity2332 , @entity299 and cardioplegic solution ( @entity1503 or electrolyte cardioplegia). The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of the different types of cardioplegia correlated with the occurrence of postoperative @entity943 and conduction disturbances. These @entity1 were retrospectively divided into two groups according to the difference in the infused cardioplegic solutions. The group receiving @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) comprised 69 @entity1 and the group receiving electrolyte cardioplegia (ECP) had 42 @entity1 . There were a longer ischemic time and bypass time in the @entity1503 group as compared with those of the ECP group (68.4 +/- 36.1 minutes v.s. 50.7 +/- 37.0 minutes, p less than 0.01; 93.7 +/- 48.9 minutes v.s. 65.5 +/- 39.1 minutes, p less than 0.005). However, the result shows a significantly lower incidence of @entity943 and conduction disturbances in the @entity1503 group (5.8%) as compared with the ECP group (21.4%; p = 0.013). There was no significant difference in incidence of @entity943 and conduction disturbances between the two groups when the ischemic time was less than 60 minutes (6.7% v.s. 17.2%, p greater than 0.05). On the other hand, there was a significant difference between the two groups when the ischemic time was a significant difference between the two groups when the ischemic time was longer than 60 minutes (5.1% v.s. 30.8%, p = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The superiority of blood over electrolyte cardioplegia in prevention of XXXX and conduction disturbances following open heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['BCP', 'blood cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['topical cardiac cooling']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were performed on 45 @entity1 with intractable complex partial @entity410 . MRI was performed with a superconducting whole-body scanner operating at 0.5 tesla (T) and 1.5 T. In @entity1 with @entity1315 , 8 of 24 @entity1 had abnormal CT, but 16 of 24 @entity1 showed abnormal MRI. 1.5 T MRI detected more abnormality than 0.5 T MRI when CT was normal. In @entity1 with @entity4940 , 5 of 7 @entity1 had normal CT and MRI. In 2 other @entity1 , MRI demonstrated an @entity145 and increased signal intensity area on the T2-weighted images which were not detected by CT. In @entity1 with @entity1625 , 5 of 6 @entity1 show abnormal CT and MRI. In @entity1 with @entity2916 , MRI revealed some increased signal intensity areas on the T2-weighted images in the occipital and temporal lobe, which were not detected by CT. Most surface EEG foci corresponded with the side of MRI abnormality. These data indicate that MRI is more informative than CT in complex partial @entity410 . MRI is the imaging technique of choice in the diagnosis of complex partial @entity410 .

title: Magnetic resonance imaging in complex partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['occipital lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: MR-4, the new oral formulation of @entity1140 that allows once-daily dosing, may improve @entity1 compliance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy parameters among a group of stable renal allografts after conversion to MR-4. METHODS: We enrolled 82 stable kidney recipients, who had received their grafts 43.9 +/- 38.3 months prior. They were of mean age 56 +/- 12 years and included 70.7% @entity1 . Sixty-six @entity1 were converted on a milligram-for-milligram basis from their total daily dose; the remaining @entity1 were converted at the physician's discretion. Three @entity1 were excluded: 1 because of the development of @entity490 , and 2 because of dosing errors. @entity1140 trough levels and renal function tests were evaluated at entry and on days 7, 30, and 90. RESULTS: Only 5 (7.6%) converted @entity1 required a later dose adjustment. In the group of 61 @entity1 who did not require this adjustment, the mean @entity1140 trough levels decreased during the first week (6.8 +/- 1.7 to 5.8 +/- 2.0; P < .000). Thirty-eight @entity1 completed 3 months of follow-up. Their @entity1140 trough levels, serum @entity1011 levels, and @entity644 remained stable. The number of capsules per @entity1 needed after the conversion to MR-4 was lower (3.9 +/- 1.6 versus 2.9 +/- 1.0; P < .000). There were no cases of acute rejection episodes. CONCLUSION: Based on a milligram-for-milligram conversion, only 7.6% of our @entity1 required a dose adjustment. With this conversion, an initial decrease in @entity1140 trough levels was documented at day 7, which remained stable to the end of the study. The @entity1 needed a lower number of capsules. These results supported the safety of MR-4.

title: Three-month experience with XXXX once-daily regimen in stable renal allografts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9244 are a heterogeneous group of @entity281 that usually require a variety of therapeutic methods for cure. North Queensland has an environment, which predisposes to several such @entity281 . The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and epidemiology of @entity9244 in North Queensland and to review surgical and non-surgical interventions in these conditions. METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of all @entity1 with a proven mycobacterial soft tissue @entity281 , seen between 1997 and 2005 in a tertiary referral centre in North Queensland. RESULTS: In total, 34 @entity1 were identified. The most common causative organisms were @entity7663 fortuitum (44%), @entity7663 (17.6%) and @entity7665 (11.8%). The risk factors identified were the male sex, lower-limb involvement and preceding trauma including surgery. Twenty-four (70.6%) @entity1 had surgical excision or debridement with a variety of adjuvant antimicrobial therapies. There were eight (23.5%) local recurrences. CONCLUSION: The optimal management of soft tissue mycobacterial @entity281 includes early microbiological identification based on tissue biopsy, appropriate combination antimicrobial therapy and early wide surgical excision where appropriate. North Queensland has a unique environment, which may predispose to these @entity281 . An awareness of this is essential to surgical practice in the region.

title: XXXX in North Queensland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity9244 :: ('MESH:D018461', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial soft tissue infections', 'Mycobacterial soft tissue infections']

entities_list: @entity7663 :: ('1809', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium', 'M. ulcerans']

answer: @entity9244 :: (MESH:D018461,Disease) :: ['Mycobacterial soft tissue infections']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of surgical technique in the form of electrocautery and suction drains on @entity2080 formation following surgery for @entity0 . A prospective randomized study was carried out. One hundred and sixty @entity1 with @entity0 who underwent surgery were allocated to four arms using a 2 x 2 factorial design. This method enabled us to evaluate the independent effect of two different causative factors on the incidence of @entity86 formation using a single dataset with limited numbers. The main outcome measure was @entity86 formation defined as a postoperative axillary collection requiring more than one aspiration after removal of the drain. The incidence of @entity2080 in our institution is 90%. Incidence of @entity86 was 88.3% if electrocautery was used, which reduced to 82.2% if surgery was carried out using scissors for dissection and ligatures for haemostasis (P = 0.358). There was no influence on the incidence of @entity2080 formation whether suction drain (84.6%) or corrugated drains (86.1%) were used (P = 0.822). The use of electrocautery in axillary dissection does not adversely affect @entity86 formation after surgery for @entity0 . The use of different drainage techniques has no bearing on the @entity86 formation. The surgical technique has no influence on the rate of @entity2080 formation after surgery for @entity0 .

title: Influence of surgical technique on axillary XXXX formation: a randomized study.

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative seroma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity2080 :: (MESH:D049291,Disease) :: ['seroma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is some controversy concerning the choice of best technique for drainage of exocrine secretions in pancreas transplantation. We compared @entity1 with @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) versus those with @entity1681 ( @entity1681 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: From March 1995 to September 2008, 118 @entity1 (68 @entity1 and 50 @entity1 ) of overall mean age of 37.8 +/- 7.8 years underwent pancreas transplantation. There were 109 simultaneous @entity8 . Recipients were divided in a @entity1494 (n = 66 @entity1 ) and an @entity1681 group (n = 52). RESULTS: Donor characteristics were similar in both groups. Thirty-two @entity1 (48.5%) of the @entity1494 group versus none in the @entity1681 group experienced @entity293 ( @entity293 ; P < .001), and 16 @entity1 (24.2%) @entity1494 versus 15 (29.4%) @entity1681 developed @entity1320 (P = NS). The overall rate of relaparotomies was 33.9% (n = 40): 34.8% (n = 23) in the @entity1494 versus 32.7% (n = 17) in the @entity1681 group (P = NS). Thirty @entity1 (25.4%) lost their pancreas grafts: 21 (31.8%) in the @entity1494 group versus 9 (17.3%) in the @entity1681 group (P = .055). The acute rejection rates were 12.7%; namely, 15.2% in the @entity1494 versus 9.8% in the @entity1681 (P = NS). Three-year @entity1 and graft survivals were equivalent in both groups: 96.1% and 65.3% in the @entity1494 versus 89.0% and 74.0% in the @entity1681 group, respectively (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1681 is a good alternative to @entity1494 for drainage of pancreatic graft exocrine secretions because both techniques have the same @entity1 and graft survival, but @entity1494 is associated with a significantly higher rate of @entity293 .

title: Compative study of bladder versus XXXX in pancreas transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-kidney, and 9 pancreas after kidney procedures']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder drainage', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTI and urologic complications', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'enteric drainage']

answer: @entity1681 :: (MESH:D004751,Disease) :: ['enteric drainage']


abstract: Current bone graft substitute materials do not address the complex architectural and biomechanical requirements to achieve a successful spinal fusion. The development of porous, structural constructs for use in spinal fusion surgeries is thus an area of intense interest. Numerous techniques have been introduced to fabricate porous resorbable polymer constructs. However, these techniques have been associated with the use of potentially harmful organic solvents, and resulted in materials with less than optimal properties. Supercritical @entity544 (sc @entity515 ) processing appears to be a promising technique for producing reinforced biodegradable foams. The structure, mechanical properties and water uptake capacity of PDLGA constructs processed with sc @entity515 were examined. Porous morphology of the constructs was found to depend strongly on processing temperature and the confinement of the structures after processing. The resulting constructs had a dense "cortical" shell about 15-20 microm thick and an interconnected porous core with pore diameters in the range of 236-239 microm, similar to iliac crest bone grafts currently used in spinal fusion procedures. Mechanical properties and the water uptake capacity of the constructs were found to depend on the @entity25104 content (copolymer composition). Supercritical @entity515 processing is a promising technology to develop porous, resorbable polymer constructs with structural and mechanical properties similar to @entity1 bone.

title: Structure and mechanical properties of supercritical XXXX processed porous resorbable polymer constructs.

entities_list: @entity25104 :: ('MESH:C031149', 'Chemical') :: ['glycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: Clinical and statistical observations were made on a group of 438 @entity1 who had worked with @entity17072 ( @entity16748 , @entity27839 , @entity72746 and @entity10231 ) with reference to their carcinogenic properties in the urinary tract. @entity3484 developed in 68 (15.5%), with an average latent period of 22 years and 11 months. In these 68 cases, @entity3484 were found in 16 cases, 8 of which had bilateral lesions. The average age of onset was 48.1 ranging from 24 to 79. The incidence of @entity5 increased with the length of exposure to the @entity4478 . There was no finding that smoking habit increased the incidence of @entity5 in this group. Of the 49 new @entity1 with @entity150 , urine cytology was positive in 24 (49.0%) and suspicious of @entity5 in 10 (20.4%), respectively. This indicated that it could be a useful screening test. Transurethral surgery was most frequently performed as an initial treatment. Recurrence occurred in 50 cases (73.5%), but 5-, 10- and 20-year-survival rates were 89.0 79.3 and 64.7%, respectively, showing a good prognosis. @entity5 in other organs developed in 18 (4.1%) of the 438 workers. The incidence of such @entity5 was significantly higher in the workers who had been exposed to @entity27839 than in others. Our data indicate that close observation is still necessary for early detection of @entity1 with new or recurrent @entity189 in this group.

title: [ @entity189 related to exposure to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract tumors', 'upper urinary tract tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'Malignant tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity17072 :: ('CHEBI:33860', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amines']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity72746 :: ('MESH:D015057', 'Chemical') :: ['1-naphthylamine']

entities_list: @entity27839 :: ('MESH:D015081', 'Chemical') :: ['2-naphthylamine']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity10231 :: ('MESH:D003962', 'Chemical') :: ['dianisidine']

entities_list: @entity16748 :: ('MESH:C029876', 'Chemical') :: ['benzidine']

answer: @entity17072 :: (CHEBI:33860,Chemical) :: ['aromatic amines']


abstract: Clinical and statistical observations were made on a group of 438 @entity1 who had worked with @entity17072 ( @entity16748 , @entity27839 , @entity72746 and @entity10231 ) with reference to their carcinogenic properties in the urinary tract. @entity3484 developed in 68 (15.5%), with an average latent period of 22 years and 11 months. In these 68 cases, @entity3484 were found in 16 cases, 8 of which had bilateral lesions. The average age of onset was 48.1 ranging from 24 to 79. The incidence of @entity5 increased with the length of exposure to the @entity4478 . There was no finding that smoking habit increased the incidence of @entity5 in this group. Of the 49 new @entity1 with @entity150 , urine cytology was positive in 24 (49.0%) and suspicious of @entity5 in 10 (20.4%), respectively. This indicated that it could be a useful screening test. Transurethral surgery was most frequently performed as an initial treatment. Recurrence occurred in 50 cases (73.5%), but 5-, 10- and 20-year-survival rates were 89.0 79.3 and 64.7%, respectively, showing a good prognosis. @entity5 in other organs developed in 18 (4.1%) of the 438 workers. The incidence of such @entity5 was significantly higher in the workers who had been exposed to @entity27839 than in others. Our data indicate that close observation is still necessary for early detection of @entity1 with new or recurrent @entity189 in this group.

title: [ XXXX related to exposure to @entity17072 ].

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: In order to evaluate the feasibility of a selective screening programme for @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) within an urban setting and assess its impact on the expected increase in workload for the local hospital(s), a population based, prospective study was performed. A total of 4823 @entity1 aged 65 years were invited for ultrasound examination of the abdominal aorta between January 1993 and April 1997 as part of a general practice-based @entity439 screening programme covering two districts with a general hospital each. All examinations were carried out by senior radiographers using a portable B mode grey scale machine and a 3.5 MHz curvi-linear array probe. @entity1 with a maximum aortic diameter of over 3 cm were annually recalled, those with over 4 cm were referred to hospital for an out- @entity1 's appointment. Those with @entity1028 greater than 5 cm were considered for surgery. Of those approached, 3497 (72.5%) took part in the study, 1206 (25%) did not attend and 120 (2.5%) were excluded by their general practitioners (GPs) on medical grounds. Of the @entity1 taking part, 3130 (89.5%) had an aortic diameter equal to or less than 2.5 cm, 196 (5.6%) between 2.6 and 3.0 cm, and 171 (4.9%) had aortic diameters greater than 3 cm--29 of whom had @entity1028 greater than 5 cm with a mean diameter of 6.0 cm (range 5.1-9.0 cm). Of 127 @entity1 with an initial diameter of 3.1-4.0 cm (mean progression in size of 2.3 mm/year), 22 enlarged to > 4 cm and 3 to > 5 cm. Of 24 @entity1 with an initial diameter of 4.1-5.0 cm, 6 enlarged to > 5 cm. Some 69 (2%) @entity1 were referred to hospital requiring a total of 125 consultations (1.8 consultations per @entity1 ); 21 underwent surgery and one died from @entity397 whilst awaiting surgery. Five @entity1 refused their operation and two failed to attend the clinic (all > 5 cm) but remain well to date. No @entity1 died following surgery. We conclude that, screening for @entity1028 in @entity1 at age 65 years within an urban setting is feasible and well received by @entity1 and GPs. Screening does not lead to a huge increase in terms of outpatient appointments and operations for @entity1028 .

title: Screening of XXXX : a pragmatic approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity957 ( @entity957 ) classified into three groups based on @entity1082 ) 16 DNA presence and @entity986 expression display different protein expression patterns. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A laboratory-based study of @entity1 with @entity957 treated at a tertiary care academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity982 -embedded @entity957 specimens from 77 @entity1 classified into the three-class model (HPV negative, HPV inactive [ @entity1799 +/ @entity986 -], and HPV active [ @entity1799 +/ @entity986 +]) were queried for the expression of 14 @entity5 progression proteins using AQUA (HistoRx, New Haven CT). Protein expression between groups was assessed by analysis of variance. Global expression patterns were determined by unsupervised hierarchical clustering. RESULTS: There were significant differences in expression of @entity3546 (P = 0.009), @entity470 (P = 0.009), and @entity7 (P = 0.028) between groups. @entity5 had overexpression of @entity3546 . Hierarchical clustering showed HPV-negative and HPV-inactive @entity5 displayed association patterns distinct from @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Tumors classified by HPV DNA presence and @entity986 expression have different molecular phenotypes. This is the first demonstration of overexpression of @entity3546 (also found in HPV-caused cervical @entity5 ) in HPV-active @entity957 . HPV-active @entity957 may share a similar ontogeny to HPV-caused cervical @entity5 .

title: Defining molecular phenotypes of @entity1082 -associated XXXX : validation of three-class hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'HPV-active tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity957 ( @entity957 ) classified into three groups based on @entity1082 ) 16 DNA presence and @entity986 expression display different protein expression patterns. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A laboratory-based study of @entity1 with @entity957 treated at a tertiary care academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity982 -embedded @entity957 specimens from 77 @entity1 classified into the three-class model (HPV negative, HPV inactive [ @entity1799 +/ @entity986 -], and HPV active [ @entity1799 +/ @entity986 +]) were queried for the expression of 14 @entity5 progression proteins using AQUA (HistoRx, New Haven CT). Protein expression between groups was assessed by analysis of variance. Global expression patterns were determined by unsupervised hierarchical clustering. RESULTS: There were significant differences in expression of @entity3546 (P = 0.009), @entity470 (P = 0.009), and @entity7 (P = 0.028) between groups. @entity5 had overexpression of @entity3546 . Hierarchical clustering showed HPV-negative and HPV-inactive @entity5 displayed association patterns distinct from @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Tumors classified by HPV DNA presence and @entity986 expression have different molecular phenotypes. This is the first demonstration of overexpression of @entity3546 (also found in HPV-caused cervical @entity5 ) in HPV-active @entity957 . HPV-active @entity957 may share a similar ontogeny to HPV-caused cervical @entity5 .

title: Defining molecular phenotypes of XXXX -associated @entity957 : validation of three-class hypothesis.

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: Data on @entity2008 in @entity784 are very rare as compared with those reported in @entity1892 . We performed a cytogenetic study in 71 untreated @entity1 with @entity3191 , classified according to the criteria of the REAL classification. Fifty-seven @entity1 (80.3%) had abnormal clones, whereas 9 karyotypes (12.7%) showed only normal metaphases; 5 karyotypes (7%) could not be analyzed. Recurrent numerical @entity2008 comprised +3 (21%), +5 (15.7%), +7 (15.5%), +21 (14%), -13 (14%), +8 (12.2%), +19 (12.2%), -10 (10.5%), and -Y (9% of male @entity1 ). Chromosomes involved in structural rearrangements were chromosome 6 (31.5%), mainly due to 6q deletions (19.2%), 1q (22.8%), 7q (22.8%), 9p (19.4%), 9q (19.2%), 4q (19.2%), 3q (19.2%), 2p (17.5%), 1p (17.5%), and 14q (17%). Trisomies 3 and 5 mainly correlated with @entity784 . Isochromosome 7q, associated with trisomy 8, was present in two cases of @entity11728 /delta @entity784 . Rearrangements involving the location of T-cell receptor genes were rarely observed (chromosome band 7q35 was rearranged only in three cases, 14q11 in two cases, and 7p15 in none). No correlation could be found between the cytogenetic findings and histologic subgroup or clinical outcome in these @entity1 . Further studies are needed to understand the significance of these abnormalities in @entity3191 , and to reach a better evaluation of histologic correlations, as many differences persist between the two major classification systems, KIEL and REAL.

title: @entity2008 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma', 'T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity11728 :: ('MESH:D006362', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenic gamma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity3191 :: (MESH:D016411,Disease) :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: Data on @entity2008 in @entity784 are very rare as compared with those reported in @entity1892 . We performed a cytogenetic study in 71 untreated @entity1 with @entity3191 , classified according to the criteria of the REAL classification. Fifty-seven @entity1 (80.3%) had abnormal clones, whereas 9 karyotypes (12.7%) showed only normal metaphases; 5 karyotypes (7%) could not be analyzed. Recurrent numerical @entity2008 comprised +3 (21%), +5 (15.7%), +7 (15.5%), +21 (14%), -13 (14%), +8 (12.2%), +19 (12.2%), -10 (10.5%), and -Y (9% of male @entity1 ). Chromosomes involved in structural rearrangements were chromosome 6 (31.5%), mainly due to 6q deletions (19.2%), 1q (22.8%), 7q (22.8%), 9p (19.4%), 9q (19.2%), 4q (19.2%), 3q (19.2%), 2p (17.5%), 1p (17.5%), and 14q (17%). Trisomies 3 and 5 mainly correlated with @entity784 . Isochromosome 7q, associated with trisomy 8, was present in two cases of @entity11728 /delta @entity784 . Rearrangements involving the location of T-cell receptor genes were rarely observed (chromosome band 7q35 was rearranged only in three cases, 14q11 in two cases, and 7p15 in none). No correlation could be found between the cytogenetic findings and histologic subgroup or clinical outcome in these @entity1 . Further studies are needed to understand the significance of these abnormalities in @entity3191 , and to reach a better evaluation of histologic correlations, as many differences persist between the two major classification systems, KIEL and REAL.

title: XXXX in @entity3191 .

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['Chromosome abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In addition to use of a laser, @entity3503 plasma coagulation, electrocautery, or coring with a rigid bronchoscope, @entity5 debulking with a flexible cryoprobe is used for therapeutic bronchoscopy with an immediate effect for endobronchial pathologies. We performed this analysis to determine the usefulness, efficacy, and safety of the flexible cryorecanalization in a large population under routine conditions. METHODS: We identified 225 bronchoscopic interventions that were done as cryorecanalization with a flexible cryoprobe. All @entity1 had symptomatic airway @entity850 . We determined the endoscopic success rate and safety ( @entity548 and perforation) of the procedure. RESULTS: Successful cryorecanalization was achieved in 205 (91.1%) of 225 @entity1 . The flexible cryoprobe was used with all @entity1 , in most @entity1 in combination with flexible bronchoscopy and only in a minority (n = 31, 13.8%) in combination with a rigid bronchoscope. Additional interventional techniques used were endobronchial stents (n = 11, 4.9%) and @entity3503 plasma coagulation (n = 37, 16.4%). Mild @entity548 (if ice-cold @entity1219 or @entity1425 solution was necessary) occurred in 9 (4.0%) @entity1 , moderate @entity548 (if @entity3503 plasma coagulation or a bronchus blocker was required) occurred in 18 (8.0%) @entity1 , and severe @entity548 (events with @entity1344 ) never occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Cryorecanalization with the flexible cryoprobe for treatment of symptomatic @entity5 is a safe technique with a high success rate and immediate treatment effect.

title: @entity5 debulking with a flexible cryoprobe for immediate treatment of malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'endobronchial tumor stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In addition to use of a laser, @entity3503 plasma coagulation, electrocautery, or coring with a rigid bronchoscope, @entity5 debulking with a flexible cryoprobe is used for therapeutic bronchoscopy with an immediate effect for endobronchial pathologies. We performed this analysis to determine the usefulness, efficacy, and safety of the flexible cryorecanalization in a large population under routine conditions. METHODS: We identified 225 bronchoscopic interventions that were done as cryorecanalization with a flexible cryoprobe. All @entity1 had symptomatic airway @entity850 . We determined the endoscopic success rate and safety ( @entity548 and perforation) of the procedure. RESULTS: Successful cryorecanalization was achieved in 205 (91.1%) of 225 @entity1 . The flexible cryoprobe was used with all @entity1 , in most @entity1 in combination with flexible bronchoscopy and only in a minority (n = 31, 13.8%) in combination with a rigid bronchoscope. Additional interventional techniques used were endobronchial stents (n = 11, 4.9%) and @entity3503 plasma coagulation (n = 37, 16.4%). Mild @entity548 (if ice-cold @entity1219 or @entity1425 solution was necessary) occurred in 9 (4.0%) @entity1 , moderate @entity548 (if @entity3503 plasma coagulation or a bronchus blocker was required) occurred in 18 (8.0%) @entity1 , and severe @entity548 (events with @entity1344 ) never occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Cryorecanalization with the flexible cryoprobe for treatment of symptomatic @entity5 is a safe technique with a high success rate and immediate treatment effect.

title: XXXX debulking with a flexible cryoprobe for immediate treatment of malignant @entity850 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Endobronchial tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Abciximab is a potent parenterally administered platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist. Because this agent has been shown to improve outcomes in @entity453 , there is interest to evaluate whether it could improve cerebral perfusion and outcomes after @entity385 . This study was designed to evaluate the safety of abciximab in acute @entity385 and to obtain pilot efficacy data. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial. Seventy-four eligible and consenting @entity1 presenting within 24 hours after @entity385 onset at 38 study sites were randomly allocated to receive either an escalating dose of abciximab (54 @entity1 ) or placebo (20 @entity1 ) in a ratio of 3:1. We studied 4 escalating doses of abciximab. @entity1 underwent a scheduled follow-up head CT scan 24 to 36 hours after the completion of study agent administration to monitor for @entity548 complications and were evaluated through 3 months. RESULTS: There were no cases of major @entity932 . Asymptomatic parenchymal hemorrhages were detected on post-study agent CT in 4 of 54 abciximab @entity1 (7%) and in 1 of 20 placebo @entity1 (5%). Six additional abciximab @entity1 had asymptomatic @entity548 detected by unscheduled brain imaging during their follow-up period. Nine of 11 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity548 had a baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >14. At 3 months, there was a trend toward a higher rate of minimal @entity717 (Barthel Index > or =95 or modified Rankin scale < or =1) among abciximab @entity1 compared with those who received placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Abciximab appears to be safe when administered up to 24 hours after @entity64 onset, and it might improve functional outcome.

title: Abciximab in acute XXXX . A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['residual disability']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesions', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe differences in the treatment of @entity55 and in the association of treatment with prognosis in Dutch and American nursing home @entity1 with late-stage @entity303 . Design. Prospective studies in The Netherlands and the American state of Missouri. METHOD: In 61 Dutch nursing homes and 36 in Missouri, severely demented @entity1 with @entity55 were included in the periods October 1996-July 1998 and August 1995-September 1998 respectively. Data was collected on their state of health, comorbidity, symptoms of @entity55 and treatment aspects such as antibiotic use, hospital admission and relief of symptoms. Comparisons were made between treatments in both countries and between groups of @entity1 with a similar probability of mortality within 2 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 328 Dutch and 280 American @entity1 were selected. Antibiotics were more frequently withheld in The Netherlands (in 33% of @entity1 ) than in Missouri (24%). Differences in antibiotic use were more pronounced in @entity1 with a poor prognosis (56% versus 15%). Dutch @entity1 were more frequently dehydrated but were less likely to receive rehydration therapy than American @entity1 , with a larger difference in @entity1 with a poor prognosis (2% versus 63%). Treatments to relieve symptoms that were provided more often in @entity1 with a poor prognosis (in 20-26%) were: @entity26 (both countries), and in The Netherlands also opiates, and hypnotics, sedatives or anxiolytics. CONCLUSION: In The Netherlands, curative treatment was frequently withheld in @entity1 with severe @entity303 and @entity55 , and even more frequently when the prognosis was poorer. Conversely, treatment in Missouri was more active in @entity1 with a poor prognosis. Despite more frequent palliative treatment goals in The Netherlands, treatments to relieve symptoms were provided infrequently and inconsistent with this approach. These insights may be helpful for decision-making in the treatment of @entity55 in @entity1 with severe @entity303 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX in nursing home residents with severe @entity303 : for residents with poor prognosis, a more reserved approach in The Netherlands and more active treatment in the United States].

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe differences in the treatment of @entity55 and in the association of treatment with prognosis in Dutch and American nursing home @entity1 with late-stage @entity303 . Design. Prospective studies in The Netherlands and the American state of Missouri. METHOD: In 61 Dutch nursing homes and 36 in Missouri, severely demented @entity1 with @entity55 were included in the periods October 1996-July 1998 and August 1995-September 1998 respectively. Data was collected on their state of health, comorbidity, symptoms of @entity55 and treatment aspects such as antibiotic use, hospital admission and relief of symptoms. Comparisons were made between treatments in both countries and between groups of @entity1 with a similar probability of mortality within 2 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 328 Dutch and 280 American @entity1 were selected. Antibiotics were more frequently withheld in The Netherlands (in 33% of @entity1 ) than in Missouri (24%). Differences in antibiotic use were more pronounced in @entity1 with a poor prognosis (56% versus 15%). Dutch @entity1 were more frequently dehydrated but were less likely to receive rehydration therapy than American @entity1 , with a larger difference in @entity1 with a poor prognosis (2% versus 63%). Treatments to relieve symptoms that were provided more often in @entity1 with a poor prognosis (in 20-26%) were: @entity26 (both countries), and in The Netherlands also opiates, and hypnotics, sedatives or anxiolytics. CONCLUSION: In The Netherlands, curative treatment was frequently withheld in @entity1 with severe @entity303 and @entity55 , and even more frequently when the prognosis was poorer. Conversely, treatment in Missouri was more active in @entity1 with a poor prognosis. Despite more frequent palliative treatment goals in The Netherlands, treatments to relieve symptoms were provided infrequently and inconsistent with this approach. These insights may be helpful for decision-making in the treatment of @entity55 in @entity1 with severe @entity303 .

title: [Treatment of @entity55 in nursing home residents with severe XXXX : for residents with poor prognosis, a more reserved approach in The Netherlands and more active treatment in the United States].

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics) were evaluated in @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity235 to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after @entity548 . Six @entity235 were anesthetized with thiamylal @entity1372 (20 mg/kg of body weight) and @entity1508 (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% @entity26 . After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/dT) were measured. @entity64 volume, cardiac index (CI), @entity64 index (SI), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. @entity1425 (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) and @entity452 (1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. @entity7202 was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, IV. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume. @entity452 administered at the low dose before @entity548 increased SAP and dP/dT. At the high and medium dose, @entity452 significantly increased CI, dP/dT, and SAP, with no significant change in HR or SVR. The medium dose of @entity1425 was the most effective dose of @entity1425 at increasing key variables (CI, SI, dP/dT). The response of CI and SI to this dose was not significantly different from the changes seen with high-dose administration of @entity452 . The dP/dT was significantly lower with @entity1425 than with @entity452 , and SVR and HR were unchanged with @entity1425 , except at the low dose, which decreased SVR.

title: Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity235 before and after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['Methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics) were evaluated in @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity235 to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after @entity548 . Six @entity235 were anesthetized with thiamylal @entity1372 (20 mg/kg of body weight) and @entity1508 (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% @entity26 . After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/dT) were measured. @entity64 volume, cardiac index (CI), @entity64 index (SI), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. @entity1425 (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) and @entity452 (1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. @entity7202 was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, IV. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume. @entity452 administered at the low dose before @entity548 increased SAP and dP/dT. At the high and medium dose, @entity452 significantly increased CI, dP/dT, and SAP, with no significant change in HR or SVR. The medium dose of @entity1425 was the most effective dose of @entity1425 at increasing key variables (CI, SI, dP/dT). The response of CI and SI to this dose was not significantly different from the changes seen with high-dose administration of @entity452 . The dP/dT was significantly lower with @entity1425 than with @entity452 , and SVR and HR were unchanged with @entity1425 , except at the low dose, which decreased SVR.

title: Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in XXXX -anesthetized @entity235 before and after @entity548 .

answer: @entity1508 :: (MESH:D006221,Chemical) :: ['halothane']


abstract: Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics) were evaluated in @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity235 to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after @entity548 . Six @entity235 were anesthetized with thiamylal @entity1372 (20 mg/kg of body weight) and @entity1508 (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% @entity26 . After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/dT) were measured. @entity64 volume, cardiac index (CI), @entity64 index (SI), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. @entity1425 (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) and @entity452 (1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. @entity7202 was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, IV. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume. @entity452 administered at the low dose before @entity548 increased SAP and dP/dT. At the high and medium dose, @entity452 significantly increased CI, dP/dT, and SAP, with no significant change in HR or SVR. The medium dose of @entity1425 was the most effective dose of @entity1425 at increasing key variables (CI, SI, dP/dT). The response of CI and SI to this dose was not significantly different from the changes seen with high-dose administration of @entity452 . The dP/dT was significantly lower with @entity1425 than with @entity452 , and SVR and HR were unchanged with @entity1425 , except at the low dose, which decreased SVR.

title: Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in @entity1508 -anesthetized XXXX before and after @entity548 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: A postal questionnaire was sent to all practicing consultant orthopaedic surgeons in the UK seeking information regarding their usual total hip replacement practice, the age at which they would define a @entity1 as falling into the 'young hip group' and whether this might modify their practice. In particular, in the 'younger' age group, we were interested in the frequency of usage of uncemented implants, the choice of implant and the bearing surfaces. Of 1242 surgeons surveyed, we had a response from 935 who currently undertake total hip arthroplasty. Their responses confirm that approximately 60,645 total hip replacements are performed annually in the UK of which 9,376 are performed in the younger age group (mean age 57.5 years). As with our previous survey, the most popular prosthesis in the 'older' age group overall was the Charnley (51%) followed by the Exeter (15%). These implants also proved to be the most popular in the 'younger' age group (40% Charnley, 18% Exeter), with 75% of surgeons choosing a cemented stem, and 65% also opting to cement the socket. 23% of surgeons used @entity692 coated implants on both the femoral and acetabular sides of the joint. Stainless steel remained the most popular choice of femoral head bearing surface (42%) followed by chrome- @entity1953 (33%) and ceramic (25%). On the acetabular side, high density @entity691 predominated--accounting for 95%, with only 3% using chrome @entity1953 and 2% ceramic. There would appear to be a remarkably conservative attitude among British surgeons, the majority of whom prefer to stick with tried and tested cemented femoral implants when dealing with the younger @entity1 . There are a small number of uncemented acetabulae and the hybrid configuration. @entity692 coatings seem to be the most popular choice for the non-cemented prostheses. Ceramic femoral heads are used more frequently than the ceramic acetabular bearing, and equally metal/metal bearings remain infrequently used.

title: Current attitudes to total hip replacement in the younger XXXX : results of a national survey.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxy-apatite', 'Hydroxy-apatite']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the glomerular and proximal tubular renal function and the prevalence of @entity1494 in the elderly. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: General community in the city of S  o Paulo. @entity1 : A population-based sample of 200 elderly subjects was randomly selected. Of these, 81 subjects (45 females and 36 males; mean +/- SD age: 73.7 +/- 6 years) accepted to undergo laboratory examination and were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: 24-h @entity1011 clearance (CCr), microalbuminuria, urinary @entity904 -binding protein (urRBP), leukocyturia, @entity811 and total @entity644 . RESULTS: CCr was lower than 80 ml/min/1.73 m2 in 68% of the subjects. The median (range) CCr was 65 ml/min/1.73 m2 (21-112) in males and 77 ml/min/1.73 m2 (27-107) in females (p = 0.14). No individual had serum @entity1011 greater than 1.5 mg/dl. urRBP determination was normal in 79 of 81 subjects. The prevalence of microalbuminuria (> 20 micrograms/ml) was 31% (n = 25, 19 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ). These individuals presented higher mean systolic blood pressure (147 +/- 20 vs. 135 +/- 22 mmHg, p = 0.02) and mean serum @entity1011 (1.13 +/- 0.20 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.20 mg/dl, p < 0.01) than those without microalbuminuria. The prevalence of leukocyturia (> 10,000/mm3), @entity811 (> 10,000/mm3) and total @entity644 (> or = 0.3 mg/dl) was 19%, 28% and 5% in males and 33%, 27% and 4% in females. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 and @entity1494 are frequent features in the elderly, however, proximal @entity4434 is uncommon in this population.

title: XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Glomerular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['tubular dysfunction']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Abnormalities of renal function']


abstract: While the well-documented life expectancy of @entity1 with homozygous @entity3458 (SS) is 40 years in industrialized countries, this question remains @entity3004 . The purpose of this prospective study was to establish the clinical phenotype for Senegal. A severity score based on 12 clinical, laboratory, radiological, and prognostic findings was calculated and correlated with age and hemoglobin F level. A total of 40 SS homozygotes over 15 years of age (mean age: 25 years) were hospitalized between January 1996 and January 1998 at the Principal Hospital in Dakar. The most common events requiring hospitalization were vasoocclusive phenomena (n = 26) but the incidence of these complications declined significantly with age (p < 0.05). The mean hemoglobin level was 4.4 mmol/l and the mean hemoglobin F level was 6.2 p. 100. The incidence of visceral involvement was low (lithiasic vesicules in 17 cases, @entity39 of the head of the femur in 7, and abnormal cardiac ultrasound findings in 10). Only one @entity1 died during the study. No correlation was found between severity score and either age or hemoglobin F level. These findings confirm that the phenotype is less severe in Senegal. However they also show that organ damage is common by the time that @entity1 reach adulthood and thus underline the need for prevention and education to improve survival of SS homozygotes in Senegal.

title: [Adults with XXXX in Senegal. Clinical study of 40 homozygote subjects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['unanswered in black Africa']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect on overall survival of total @entity342 ablation ( @entity2796 ) with that of parenteral @entity172 and to pay special attention to cardiovascular mortality. @entity2796 (orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue combined with an antiandrogen) has been proposed as superior to other endocrine treatments for @entity1 with @entity263 . Recently, the use of parenteral @entity172 has been suggested to reduce or even negate the well-known cardiovascular side effects of oral @entity172 . METHODS: Nine hundred fifteen @entity1 were randomized to intramuscular injections of 240 mg @entity21367 ( @entity7955 ) every second week for the first 8 weeks (5 doses) followed by a maintenance dose of 240 mg every month (n = 458) or to bilateral orchiectomy or triptorelin 3.75 mg every month combined with the antiandrogen @entity12194 250 mg three times daily. The choice between orchiectomy and triptorelin was at the discretion of the clinician and @entity1 . @entity1 were stratified according to performance status, presence of @entity65 , and alkaline phosphatase level. An observer totally unaware of the treatment given classified all deceased @entity1 . RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 18.5 months, no signs of a difference in overall survival were found between @entity2796 and @entity7955 (P <0.001). Of 458 @entity1 , 266 (58.1%) had died in the @entity7955 group compared with 269 (58.9%) of 457 @entity1 in the @entity2796 group. Within the @entity2796 group, no difference in overall survival existed between @entity1 who had undergone orchiectomy or who were given @entity19040 . Furthermore, no differences in cardiovascular mortality were found (3.5% in the @entity7955 group and 3.1% in the @entity2796 group). CONCLUSIONS: The current parenteral @entity172 regimen seems to be of comparable efficacy and cardiovascular safety as @entity2796 in terms of overall survival. @entity7955 has by far the lowest drug cost and also the lowest cumulative direct costs and thus has the highest cost-effectiveness. We suggest that parenteral @entity172 be included as a therapeutic option in the endocrine management of @entity263 .

title: Parenteral @entity172 versus total @entity342 ablation in the treatment of XXXX : effects on overall survival and cardiovascular mortality. The Scandinavian @entity263 Group (SPCG)-5 Trial Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity19040 :: ('MESH:D017329', 'Chemical') :: ['triptorelin']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity21367 :: ('MESH:C008958', 'Chemical') :: ['polyestradiol phosphate']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['advanced prostate carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect on overall survival of total @entity342 ablation ( @entity2796 ) with that of parenteral @entity172 and to pay special attention to cardiovascular mortality. @entity2796 (orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue combined with an antiandrogen) has been proposed as superior to other endocrine treatments for @entity1 with @entity263 . Recently, the use of parenteral @entity172 has been suggested to reduce or even negate the well-known cardiovascular side effects of oral @entity172 . METHODS: Nine hundred fifteen @entity1 were randomized to intramuscular injections of 240 mg @entity21367 ( @entity7955 ) every second week for the first 8 weeks (5 doses) followed by a maintenance dose of 240 mg every month (n = 458) or to bilateral orchiectomy or triptorelin 3.75 mg every month combined with the antiandrogen @entity12194 250 mg three times daily. The choice between orchiectomy and triptorelin was at the discretion of the clinician and @entity1 . @entity1 were stratified according to performance status, presence of @entity65 , and alkaline phosphatase level. An observer totally unaware of the treatment given classified all deceased @entity1 . RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 18.5 months, no signs of a difference in overall survival were found between @entity2796 and @entity7955 (P <0.001). Of 458 @entity1 , 266 (58.1%) had died in the @entity7955 group compared with 269 (58.9%) of 457 @entity1 in the @entity2796 group. Within the @entity2796 group, no difference in overall survival existed between @entity1 who had undergone orchiectomy or who were given @entity19040 . Furthermore, no differences in cardiovascular mortality were found (3.5% in the @entity7955 group and 3.1% in the @entity2796 group). CONCLUSIONS: The current parenteral @entity172 regimen seems to be of comparable efficacy and cardiovascular safety as @entity2796 in terms of overall survival. @entity7955 has by far the lowest drug cost and also the lowest cumulative direct costs and thus has the highest cost-effectiveness. We suggest that parenteral @entity172 be included as a therapeutic option in the endocrine management of @entity263 .

title: Parenteral @entity172 versus total @entity342 ablation in the treatment of @entity263 : effects on overall survival and cardiovascular mortality. The Scandinavian XXXX Group (SPCG)-5 Trial Study.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostatic Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect on overall survival of total @entity342 ablation ( @entity2796 ) with that of parenteral @entity172 and to pay special attention to cardiovascular mortality. @entity2796 (orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue combined with an antiandrogen) has been proposed as superior to other endocrine treatments for @entity1 with @entity263 . Recently, the use of parenteral @entity172 has been suggested to reduce or even negate the well-known cardiovascular side effects of oral @entity172 . METHODS: Nine hundred fifteen @entity1 were randomized to intramuscular injections of 240 mg @entity21367 ( @entity7955 ) every second week for the first 8 weeks (5 doses) followed by a maintenance dose of 240 mg every month (n = 458) or to bilateral orchiectomy or triptorelin 3.75 mg every month combined with the antiandrogen @entity12194 250 mg three times daily. The choice between orchiectomy and triptorelin was at the discretion of the clinician and @entity1 . @entity1 were stratified according to performance status, presence of @entity65 , and alkaline phosphatase level. An observer totally unaware of the treatment given classified all deceased @entity1 . RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 18.5 months, no signs of a difference in overall survival were found between @entity2796 and @entity7955 (P <0.001). Of 458 @entity1 , 266 (58.1%) had died in the @entity7955 group compared with 269 (58.9%) of 457 @entity1 in the @entity2796 group. Within the @entity2796 group, no difference in overall survival existed between @entity1 who had undergone orchiectomy or who were given @entity19040 . Furthermore, no differences in cardiovascular mortality were found (3.5% in the @entity7955 group and 3.1% in the @entity2796 group). CONCLUSIONS: The current parenteral @entity172 regimen seems to be of comparable efficacy and cardiovascular safety as @entity2796 in terms of overall survival. @entity7955 has by far the lowest drug cost and also the lowest cumulative direct costs and thus has the highest cost-effectiveness. We suggest that parenteral @entity172 be included as a therapeutic option in the endocrine management of @entity263 .

title: Parenteral XXXX versus total @entity342 ablation in the treatment of @entity263 : effects on overall survival and cardiovascular mortality. The Scandinavian @entity263 Group (SPCG)-5 Trial Study.

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect on overall survival of total @entity342 ablation ( @entity2796 ) with that of parenteral @entity172 and to pay special attention to cardiovascular mortality. @entity2796 (orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue combined with an antiandrogen) has been proposed as superior to other endocrine treatments for @entity1 with @entity263 . Recently, the use of parenteral @entity172 has been suggested to reduce or even negate the well-known cardiovascular side effects of oral @entity172 . METHODS: Nine hundred fifteen @entity1 were randomized to intramuscular injections of 240 mg @entity21367 ( @entity7955 ) every second week for the first 8 weeks (5 doses) followed by a maintenance dose of 240 mg every month (n = 458) or to bilateral orchiectomy or triptorelin 3.75 mg every month combined with the antiandrogen @entity12194 250 mg three times daily. The choice between orchiectomy and triptorelin was at the discretion of the clinician and @entity1 . @entity1 were stratified according to performance status, presence of @entity65 , and alkaline phosphatase level. An observer totally unaware of the treatment given classified all deceased @entity1 . RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 18.5 months, no signs of a difference in overall survival were found between @entity2796 and @entity7955 (P <0.001). Of 458 @entity1 , 266 (58.1%) had died in the @entity7955 group compared with 269 (58.9%) of 457 @entity1 in the @entity2796 group. Within the @entity2796 group, no difference in overall survival existed between @entity1 who had undergone orchiectomy or who were given @entity19040 . Furthermore, no differences in cardiovascular mortality were found (3.5% in the @entity7955 group and 3.1% in the @entity2796 group). CONCLUSIONS: The current parenteral @entity172 regimen seems to be of comparable efficacy and cardiovascular safety as @entity2796 in terms of overall survival. @entity7955 has by far the lowest drug cost and also the lowest cumulative direct costs and thus has the highest cost-effectiveness. We suggest that parenteral @entity172 be included as a therapeutic option in the endocrine management of @entity263 .

title: Parenteral @entity172 versus total XXXX ablation in the treatment of @entity263 : effects on overall survival and cardiovascular mortality. The Scandinavian @entity263 Group (SPCG)-5 Trial Study.

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']