abstract: BACKGROUND: As the number of @entity353 operations has increased, the number of @entity1 who have failed to maintain sufficient @entity353 has also increased, providing a management challenge to the bariatric surgeon. Conversion to a duodenal switch with omentopexy and feeding jejunostomy was performed for these @entity1 . METHODS: Between September 2006 and January 2010, 41 revisional operations were performed at 1 institution and by 1 operating surgeon. The data were prospectively collected and reviewed for several parameters, including excess @entity353 , mortality, and morbidity. These results are reported. RESULTS: A total of 41 @entity1 underwent conversion of their original bariatric operation to a duodenal switch with omentopexy and feeding jejunostomy. The initial operations had been gastric bypass in 32 @entity1 , vertical banded gastroplasty in 5, and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding in 4. The average excess @entity353 was 54% in 31 @entity1 at 6 months, 66% in 22 @entity1 at 1 year, and 75% in 9 @entity1 at 2 years. No @entity1 died. The average hospital stay was 6.4 days. A total of 9 proven or suspected leaks (22%) developed. One was at the enverted staple line of a jejunojejunostomy that was diagnosed and treated the next day with little subsequent morbidity. The others were at the gastrogastrostomy or lateral gastric staple line and all occurred in conversions from gastric bypass. They were all @entity63 and presented 5-11 days after surgery and closed relatively uneventfully with J-tube feedings and antibiotic/antifungal treatment. Other major complications included 1 @entity1151 (2%), 1 @entity1744 at the site of the feeding jejunostomy (2%), 2 stenoses (4%)-1 at the duodenoenterostomy and 1 in the body of the vertical gastrectomy. This gives a total major complication rate of 30%. A total of 3 @entity1 required reoperation because of a @entity2478 , @entity1744 , and @entity850 at the vertical gastrectomy. No @entity2478 required surgical or radiologic intervention. One required revision for @entity3147 , but otherwise the nutrition remained good. CONCLUSION: Revisional surgery to a duodenal switch is a complex operation and carries a high potential for major complications. Nonetheless, it can be accomplished safely with good long-term results. Omentopexy, drainage, and feeding jejunostomy should be considered at surgery to treat the high potential for delayed @entity63 leaks.

title: Duodenal switch with omentopexy and feeding jejunostomy--a safe and effective revisional operation for failed previous XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic type leaks', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['gastrogastrostomy leaks', 'jejunojejunostomy leak']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some two-thirds of @entity14 arise from @entity6523 , and as such, screening by colonoscopy and polyp removal should significantly reduce @entity14 . This has not been the case, as evidenced by recent studies, which revealed that endoscopy failed to prevent up to 50% of all subsequent @entity189 . Flat or depressed @entity652 , frequently reported from Japan but rarely elsewhere, might explain the 'missed @entity189 .' Detection of flat @entity652 has not been previously reported from Malaysia. METHODS: In the present prospective study, 426 consecutive @entity1 underwent colonoscopic examination between March 1997 and January 2000, for a variety of bowel symptoms. The examinations were performed by an experienced endoscopist using a standard colonoscope and @entity6693 dye spraying technique. Macroscopically, flat @entity652 were defined using the criteria proposed by Sawada. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity652 were identified in 12 @entity1 , of which 15 were polypoid and 14 were flat, with no @entity308 . Eight @entity75 and all the flat @entity652 contained mild or moderate areas of @entity5115 . Seven severely @entity1127 were identified. One @entity5 and two advanced @entity189 were also found. All the severely @entity5 were found in @entity1127 greater than 10 mm in mean size. The flat @entity652 were all less than 5 mm in size. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of @entity1586 in @entity55433 @entity1 appear as small flat lesions, which could easily be missed during endoscopy. Increased recognition and treatment of flat @entity652 among colonoscopists is warranted.

title: Flat XXXX in Malaysia: fact or fancy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed lesions']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['polypoidal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ["Duke's A polypoidal cancer", "dysplastic lesions and Duke's A carcinomas"]

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenomas']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic adenomas']


abstract: We report on an 80-year-old @entity1 with primary @entity356 (SmCC). He was admitted to hospital with @entity6552 . An upper gastrointestinal examination revealed an irregularly ulcerated @entity5 , 60 mm in diameter, on the lesser curvature of the @entity1819 body extending to the @entity418 . An endoscopic biopsy revealed a solid proliferation of intermediate-sized @entity5 cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for @entity3508 and @entity3507 , but negative for carcinoembryonic antigen. No @entity5 was detected on examination of the chest. Therefore, primary gastric SmCC was diagnosed preoperatively. To date, only 38 cases of primary gastric SmCC, including our case, have been reported. By using endoscopic biopsy, approximately two-thirds of cases have been diagnosed incorrectly. In the reported cases of gastric SmCC, the endoscopic findings frequently indicated a @entity5 . Gastric SmCC is clinically aggressive and has an extremely poor prognosis, even when discovered at an early stage. Most @entity1 with gastric SmCC die within 1 year of diagnosis. Although a standard treatment for gastric SmCC has not been established, intensive chemotherapy should be considered to promote long-term survival. We believe that careful examination, including immunohistochemical investigation, is necessary for determining the therapeutic strategy whenever gastric SmCC is suspected during endoscopy.

title: Primary small cell carcinoma of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric small cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1819 :: (MESH:D013272,Disease) :: ['stomach']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity7874 ( @entity7874 ) in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 is high and information regarding modifiable predictors is scarce. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of @entity7874 in our maintenance hemodialysis (HD) population, and the optimal Ca x P value that most accurately predicted the presence of @entity7874 after controlling for comorbidities. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of a cohort of 52 stable @entity1 on maintenance HD for more than 12 months. Mean 12 months serum biochemical data ( @entity460 , @entity3151 , @entity461 , lipids) and M-mode 2D echocardiogram were used to evaluate the presence or absence of mitral and aortic @entity7874 and ventricular geometry. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 (38.4%) presented with @entity7874 . @entity1 with @entity7874 were more commonly @entity6 and showed higher levels of serum @entity3151 , Ca x P product, total and LDL @entity165 , and poor ventricular geometry, as compared to @entity1 without @entity7874 . Moreover, they required higher doses of both @entity16415 and @entity12525 . Logistic regression analysis showed that @entity7874 was independently influenced by age, Ca x P, and @entity6 . ROC curves illustrated that a Ca x P>43 mg2/ @entity26104 was the optimal value in terms of sensitivity and specificity for predicting the presence of @entity7874 in our @entity1 population. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of applying more vigorous measures for Ca x P control.

title: Heart valve calcification and @entity460 x XXXX product in hemodialysis @entity1 : analysis of optimum values for its prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['valve calcification', 'VC']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity7874 ( @entity7874 ) in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 is high and information regarding modifiable predictors is scarce. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of @entity7874 in our maintenance hemodialysis (HD) population, and the optimal Ca x P value that most accurately predicted the presence of @entity7874 after controlling for comorbidities. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of a cohort of 52 stable @entity1 on maintenance HD for more than 12 months. Mean 12 months serum biochemical data ( @entity460 , @entity3151 , @entity461 , lipids) and M-mode 2D echocardiogram were used to evaluate the presence or absence of mitral and aortic @entity7874 and ventricular geometry. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 (38.4%) presented with @entity7874 . @entity1 with @entity7874 were more commonly @entity6 and showed higher levels of serum @entity3151 , Ca x P product, total and LDL @entity165 , and poor ventricular geometry, as compared to @entity1 without @entity7874 . Moreover, they required higher doses of both @entity16415 and @entity12525 . Logistic regression analysis showed that @entity7874 was independently influenced by age, Ca x P, and @entity6 . ROC curves illustrated that a Ca x P>43 mg2/ @entity26104 was the optimal value in terms of sensitivity and specificity for predicting the presence of @entity7874 in our @entity1 population. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of applying more vigorous measures for Ca x P control.

title: Heart valve calcification and XXXX x @entity3151 product in hemodialysis @entity1 : analysis of optimum values for its prevention.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence of @entity7874 ( @entity7874 ) in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 is high and information regarding modifiable predictors is scarce. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of @entity7874 in our maintenance hemodialysis (HD) population, and the optimal Ca x P value that most accurately predicted the presence of @entity7874 after controlling for comorbidities. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study of a cohort of 52 stable @entity1 on maintenance HD for more than 12 months. Mean 12 months serum biochemical data ( @entity460 , @entity3151 , @entity461 , lipids) and M-mode 2D echocardiogram were used to evaluate the presence or absence of mitral and aortic @entity7874 and ventricular geometry. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 (38.4%) presented with @entity7874 . @entity1 with @entity7874 were more commonly @entity6 and showed higher levels of serum @entity3151 , Ca x P product, total and LDL @entity165 , and poor ventricular geometry, as compared to @entity1 without @entity7874 . Moreover, they required higher doses of both @entity16415 and @entity12525 . Logistic regression analysis showed that @entity7874 was independently influenced by age, Ca x P, and @entity6 . ROC curves illustrated that a Ca x P>43 mg2/ @entity26104 was the optimal value in terms of sensitivity and specificity for predicting the presence of @entity7874 in our @entity1 population. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of applying more vigorous measures for Ca x P control.

title: Heart valve calcification and @entity460 x @entity3151 product in hemodialysis XXXX : analysis of optimum values for its prevention.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that apoprotein (apo) CI in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) plays an important role in causing @entity2298 independent of apo CIII, which is associated with @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Because the incidence of @entity301 is increased in @entity6 @entity1 and is even higher when @entity2316 is developed, we measured apo CI levels in VLDL from type 2 @entity6 @entity1 , with various degree of @entity8 , and compared the results with those for healthy controls or @entity7964 @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity177 ). METHODS: This study enrolled healthy control subjects, type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, overt @entity644 , and @entity177 on hemodialysis and @entity7964 hemodialysis @entity1 . VLDL (density <1.006) was separated by ultracentrifugation. Then the apo CI, CIII, and B concentrations in VLDL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The apo CI, CIII, and B concentrations in VLDL were respectively 3-, 2-, and 2-fold higher, respectively, in @entity6 @entity1 with overt @entity644 than in controls. Hemodialysis @entity1 with @entity2316 had levels of apo CI, CIII, and B in VLDL that were 2.6-, 2.7- and 2-fold higher, respectively, than those in controls. @entity7964 @entity1 also had a 2.7-fold higher level of VLDL apo CIII, whereas VLDL apo CI and VLDL apo B were not significantly increased. VLDL apo CI was significantly correlated with VLDL apo B independently of VLDL apo CIII level. CONCLUSION: An increase of VLDL apo CIII is a prominent feature of @entity2299 in @entity177 @entity1 , regardless of whether they are @entity6 or @entity7964 , whereas an increase of VLDL apo CI is more specific to @entity2316 and is closely associated with an increase of VLDL particle numbers, a new risk factor for @entity301 .

title: Very low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein CI is increased in XXXX : comparison with apoprotein CIII.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic', 'Nondiabetic hemodialysis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: @entity5011 and acute @entity4685 represent common and very rare etiologies of @entity425 in @entity1 , respectively. Typically, @entity17 is most common, limited to either the central or peripheral nervous system. Concurrent acute @entity4685 and @entity5011 are seldom reported. We retrospectively reviewed cases of @entity5011 in Chang Gung @entity1 's Hospital from 2000-2008. The risk factors of @entity5011 with or without acute @entity4685 were analyzed. Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity5011 were enrolled. Five @entity1 manifested coexisting acute @entity4685 . In the disease's earliest stage, differentiating concurrent acute @entity4685 and @entity5011 from @entity5011 only was difficult. Four of 5 @entity1 were aged more than 8 years. All @entity1 developed a sharply defined sensory level, and manifested severe @entity1494 . @entity5433 was evident in three @entity1 . All @entity1 with sufficient follow-up continued to demonstrate residual paresis, and two demonstrated significant long-term motor deficits. Detection of a sharply defined sensory level, severe @entity1494 , and @entity5433 can be helpful in recognizing concurrent acute @entity4685 . Therefore, recognition of this combination of peripheral and central nervous @entity32 early is important for determining prognoses and perhaps initial treatment.

title: Risk factors and outcomes of XXXX with acute @entity4685 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['acute limb weakness']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic dysfunction', 'autonomic dysfunction']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: @entity5011 and acute @entity4685 represent common and very rare etiologies of @entity425 in @entity1 , respectively. Typically, @entity17 is most common, limited to either the central or peripheral nervous system. Concurrent acute @entity4685 and @entity5011 are seldom reported. We retrospectively reviewed cases of @entity5011 in Chang Gung @entity1 's Hospital from 2000-2008. The risk factors of @entity5011 with or without acute @entity4685 were analyzed. Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity5011 were enrolled. Five @entity1 manifested coexisting acute @entity4685 . In the disease's earliest stage, differentiating concurrent acute @entity4685 and @entity5011 from @entity5011 only was difficult. Four of 5 @entity1 were aged more than 8 years. All @entity1 developed a sharply defined sensory level, and manifested severe @entity1494 . @entity5433 was evident in three @entity1 . All @entity1 with sufficient follow-up continued to demonstrate residual paresis, and two demonstrated significant long-term motor deficits. Detection of a sharply defined sensory level, severe @entity1494 , and @entity5433 can be helpful in recognizing concurrent acute @entity4685 . Therefore, recognition of this combination of peripheral and central nervous @entity32 early is important for determining prognoses and perhaps initial treatment.

title: Risk factors and outcomes of @entity5011 with acute XXXX .

answer: @entity4685 :: (MESH:D009187,Disease) :: ['myelitis']


abstract: There is growing concern in the medical community about potential genetic determinism in the @entity1 population. Limited information about the public understanding of genetic factors in disease formation is available. To access public perceptions of potentially deterministic phrasing of genetic risk factors, we sought to establish interpretations of the phrase, "a gene for @entity299 ." Focus groups in urban, suburban, and rural communities were conducted from July through October, 2001 in Georgia. A total of 108 @entity1 were recruited. @entity1 were recruited to balance sex and racial representation. We used three outcome measures for @entity1 understandings of the phrase: (1) @entity1 ' statements of the meaning of the phrase; (2) the level of determinism assigned to genetic factors by @entity1 ; and (3) @entity1 reports of the health consequences of having "a gene for @entity299 ." @entity1 did not report a single interpretation of the phrase. There were dominant @entity1 interpretations under each outcome measure: (1) "a gene for @entity299 " was interpreted as meaning genetic and environmental factors both played roles in disease formation; (2) genetic predisposition was perceived as heightened, not absolute, risk; (3) the perceived health impact was a greater risk of becoming sick. Minority interpretations were found under each measure. Overall, naming "a gene for @entity299 " does not appear to have a deterministic impact on a plurality of @entity1 ' perceptions of risks associated with genetic factors. @entity74 in @entity1 populations may be confined to a sizable minority. Important considerations for provider intervention and @entity1 education are indicated.

title: What does "a gene for XXXX " mean? A focus group study of public understandings of genetic risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Genetic fatalism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) therapies approved so far are unable to effectively reverse the chronic phase of the disease or improve the remyelination process. Here our aim is to evaluate the effects of C-Phycocyanin (C-Pc), a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties, in a chronic model of @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) in @entity19 . C-Pc (2, 4 or 8  mg/kg  i.p.) or @entity12421 (2000  IU, s.c.) was administered daily once a day or every other day, respectively, starting at disease onset, which differ among @entity6503 @entity19 between 11 and 15  days postinduction. Histological and immunohistochemistry (anti- @entity9674 , anti-CD3 and anti-APP) assessments were performed in spinal cord in the postinduction time. Global gene expression in the brain was analyzed with the Illumina @entity19 WG-6_V2 BeadChip microarray and the expression of particular genes, assessed by qPCR using the Fast SYBR Green RT-PCR Master Mix. Oxidative stress parameters ( @entity1234 , peroxidation potential, CAT/SOD ratio and @entity6172 ) were determined spectrophoto-metrically. Results showed that C-Pc ameliorates the clinical deterioration of animals, an effect that expresses the reduction of the inflammatory infiltrates invading the spinal cord tissue, the axonal preservation and the down-regulation of @entity636 expression in brain tissue and serum. C-Pc and @entity12421 improved the redox status in @entity19 subjected to @entity6503 , while microarray analysis showed that both treatments shared a common subset of differentially expressed genes, although they also differentially modulated another subset of genes. Specifically, C-Pc mainly modulated the expression of genes related to remyelination, gliogenesis and axon-glia processes. Taken together, our results indicate that C-Pc has significant therapeutic effects against @entity6503 , mediated by the dynamic regulation of multiple biological processes.

title: Comparative Neuroregenerative Effects of C-Phycocyanin and @entity12421 in a Model of XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) therapies approved so far are unable to effectively reverse the chronic phase of the disease or improve the remyelination process. Here our aim is to evaluate the effects of C-Phycocyanin (C-Pc), a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties, in a chronic model of @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) in @entity19 . C-Pc (2, 4 or 8  mg/kg  i.p.) or @entity12421 (2000  IU, s.c.) was administered daily once a day or every other day, respectively, starting at disease onset, which differ among @entity6503 @entity19 between 11 and 15  days postinduction. Histological and immunohistochemistry (anti- @entity9674 , anti-CD3 and anti-APP) assessments were performed in spinal cord in the postinduction time. Global gene expression in the brain was analyzed with the Illumina @entity19 WG-6_V2 BeadChip microarray and the expression of particular genes, assessed by qPCR using the Fast SYBR Green RT-PCR Master Mix. Oxidative stress parameters ( @entity1234 , peroxidation potential, CAT/SOD ratio and @entity6172 ) were determined spectrophoto-metrically. Results showed that C-Pc ameliorates the clinical deterioration of animals, an effect that expresses the reduction of the inflammatory infiltrates invading the spinal cord tissue, the axonal preservation and the down-regulation of @entity636 expression in brain tissue and serum. C-Pc and @entity12421 improved the redox status in @entity19 subjected to @entity6503 , while microarray analysis showed that both treatments shared a common subset of differentially expressed genes, although they also differentially modulated another subset of genes. Specifically, C-Pc mainly modulated the expression of genes related to remyelination, gliogenesis and axon-glia processes. Taken together, our results indicate that C-Pc has significant therapeutic effects against @entity6503 , mediated by the dynamic regulation of multiple biological processes.

title: Comparative Neuroregenerative Effects of C-Phycocyanin and XXXX in a Model of @entity15 in @entity19 .

answer: @entity12421 :: (15977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IFN-Beta']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) therapies approved so far are unable to effectively reverse the chronic phase of the disease or improve the remyelination process. Here our aim is to evaluate the effects of C-Phycocyanin (C-Pc), a biliprotein from Spirulina platensis with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties, in a chronic model of @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) in @entity19 . C-Pc (2, 4 or 8  mg/kg  i.p.) or @entity12421 (2000  IU, s.c.) was administered daily once a day or every other day, respectively, starting at disease onset, which differ among @entity6503 @entity19 between 11 and 15  days postinduction. Histological and immunohistochemistry (anti- @entity9674 , anti-CD3 and anti-APP) assessments were performed in spinal cord in the postinduction time. Global gene expression in the brain was analyzed with the Illumina @entity19 WG-6_V2 BeadChip microarray and the expression of particular genes, assessed by qPCR using the Fast SYBR Green RT-PCR Master Mix. Oxidative stress parameters ( @entity1234 , peroxidation potential, CAT/SOD ratio and @entity6172 ) were determined spectrophoto-metrically. Results showed that C-Pc ameliorates the clinical deterioration of animals, an effect that expresses the reduction of the inflammatory infiltrates invading the spinal cord tissue, the axonal preservation and the down-regulation of @entity636 expression in brain tissue and serum. C-Pc and @entity12421 improved the redox status in @entity19 subjected to @entity6503 , while microarray analysis showed that both treatments shared a common subset of differentially expressed genes, although they also differentially modulated another subset of genes. Specifically, C-Pc mainly modulated the expression of genes related to remyelination, gliogenesis and axon-glia processes. Taken together, our results indicate that C-Pc has significant therapeutic effects against @entity6503 , mediated by the dynamic regulation of multiple biological processes.

title: Comparative Neuroregenerative Effects of C-Phycocyanin and @entity12421 in a Model of @entity15 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the 12-year survival of the first TNF inhibitor (TNFi) treatment in a cohort of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 , comparing the between-groups discontinuation rates for infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab. METHODS: @entity309 @entity1 treated with their first TNFi were investigated from a local registry. Before and after adjusting for propensity scores, overall and by individual TNFi 12-year drug retention was evaluated. Drug survival rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared by Cox extended model. Sub-analyses were performed according to concomitant @entity1499 and discontinuation reasons. RESULTS: 222/583 @entity1 were treated with infliximab, 179 with etanercept, 182 with adalimumab; 33.7% and 26% discontinued the first TNFi because of inefficacy or adverse events, respectively. The overall 12-year drug survival rates for unmatched population were 23.4%. In the propensity score adjusted population, the HR for treatment discontinuation was significantly greater for adalimumab and infliximab versus etanercept (2.89 [95% CI 2.2-3.78] and 2.56 [95% CI 1.92-3.4]), respectively), no difference was found between and for adalimumab versus infliximab (1.16 [95% CI 0.91-1.47]). The incidence of withdrawal due to secondary inefficacy was stable from 3 to 12 years for etanercept, but progressively increased for monoclonal antibodies. Concomitant @entity1499 significantly increased the survival of both adalimumab and etanercept (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.18-1.86). CONCLUSIONS: The overall 12-year drug survival rate was 23.4%, being significantly higher for etanercept than adalimumab and infliximab. Etanercept discontinuations for inefficacy did not increase from 3 to 12 years. Concomitant @entity1499 increased adalimumab and etanercept drug survival. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: The 12-year retention rate of first-line tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in XXXX : Real-life data from a local registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To observe if @entity2390 can augment the effects of @entity432 for transplanted @entity5 in @entity35 's liver. METHODOLOGY: Walker 256 @entity6962 was transplanted into @entity35 's liver to create the @entity96 model. Hepatic arterial ligation was used to block the hepatic arterial blood supply. @entity35 bearing @entity5 were divided into three groups: control group, HAL (hepatic arterial ligation) group, and HAL plus @entity2390 group. Change of @entity5 volume and @entity5 growth inhibiting rate after therapy were evaluated. @entity5956 labeling assay was used to analyze the blood perfusion of @entity5 (the labeled cells' number presenting blood perfusion). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization, and the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: Six days after hepatic arterial ligation, the mean @entity5 volume in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity2390 group was 0.103 +/- 0.043 cm3, 0.030 +/- 0.018 cm3, and 0.016 +/- 0.005 cm3, respectively. The @entity5 volume in the two behind groups was smaller than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and the @entity5 growth-inhibiting rate was 70.8%, and 84.5%, respectively. Compared with the HAL group, the @entity5 volume in HAL plus @entity2390 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). @entity5956 labeled cells' number in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity2390 group was 369.7 +/- 30.2, 344.1 +/- 26.0, and 323.2 +/- 40.4, respectively. The number in HAL combined with @entity2390 group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P < 0.05), which suggested that the blood perfusion of @entity5 in HAL plus @entity2390 group decreased significantly. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotenase-1 mRNA decreased slightly, but not significantly in HAL plus @entity2390 group compared with that in HAL group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity2390 can promote the effects of hepatic @entity432 in @entity35 's liver. Decreasing the blood perfusion of @entity5 after hepatic arterial blockage maybe one of its major mechanisms.

title: XXXX augments the effects of @entity432 in treating a @entity35 @entity96 model.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic arterial occlusion', 'arterial occlusion therapy for transplanted cancer']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['Octreotide']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To observe if @entity2390 can augment the effects of @entity432 for transplanted @entity5 in @entity35 's liver. METHODOLOGY: Walker 256 @entity6962 was transplanted into @entity35 's liver to create the @entity96 model. Hepatic arterial ligation was used to block the hepatic arterial blood supply. @entity35 bearing @entity5 were divided into three groups: control group, HAL (hepatic arterial ligation) group, and HAL plus @entity2390 group. Change of @entity5 volume and @entity5 growth inhibiting rate after therapy were evaluated. @entity5956 labeling assay was used to analyze the blood perfusion of @entity5 (the labeled cells' number presenting blood perfusion). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization, and the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: Six days after hepatic arterial ligation, the mean @entity5 volume in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity2390 group was 0.103 +/- 0.043 cm3, 0.030 +/- 0.018 cm3, and 0.016 +/- 0.005 cm3, respectively. The @entity5 volume in the two behind groups was smaller than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and the @entity5 growth-inhibiting rate was 70.8%, and 84.5%, respectively. Compared with the HAL group, the @entity5 volume in HAL plus @entity2390 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). @entity5956 labeled cells' number in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity2390 group was 369.7 +/- 30.2, 344.1 +/- 26.0, and 323.2 +/- 40.4, respectively. The number in HAL combined with @entity2390 group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P < 0.05), which suggested that the blood perfusion of @entity5 in HAL plus @entity2390 group decreased significantly. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotenase-1 mRNA decreased slightly, but not significantly in HAL plus @entity2390 group compared with that in HAL group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity2390 can promote the effects of hepatic @entity432 in @entity35 's liver. Decreasing the blood perfusion of @entity5 after hepatic arterial blockage maybe one of its major mechanisms.

title: @entity2390 augments the effects of @entity432 in treating a @entity35 XXXX model.

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To observe if @entity2390 can augment the effects of @entity432 for transplanted @entity5 in @entity35 's liver. METHODOLOGY: Walker 256 @entity6962 was transplanted into @entity35 's liver to create the @entity96 model. Hepatic arterial ligation was used to block the hepatic arterial blood supply. @entity35 bearing @entity5 were divided into three groups: control group, HAL (hepatic arterial ligation) group, and HAL plus @entity2390 group. Change of @entity5 volume and @entity5 growth inhibiting rate after therapy were evaluated. @entity5956 labeling assay was used to analyze the blood perfusion of @entity5 (the labeled cells' number presenting blood perfusion). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization, and the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: Six days after hepatic arterial ligation, the mean @entity5 volume in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity2390 group was 0.103 +/- 0.043 cm3, 0.030 +/- 0.018 cm3, and 0.016 +/- 0.005 cm3, respectively. The @entity5 volume in the two behind groups was smaller than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and the @entity5 growth-inhibiting rate was 70.8%, and 84.5%, respectively. Compared with the HAL group, the @entity5 volume in HAL plus @entity2390 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). @entity5956 labeled cells' number in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity2390 group was 369.7 +/- 30.2, 344.1 +/- 26.0, and 323.2 +/- 40.4, respectively. The number in HAL combined with @entity2390 group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P < 0.05), which suggested that the blood perfusion of @entity5 in HAL plus @entity2390 group decreased significantly. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotenase-1 mRNA decreased slightly, but not significantly in HAL plus @entity2390 group compared with that in HAL group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity2390 can promote the effects of hepatic @entity432 in @entity35 's liver. Decreasing the blood perfusion of @entity5 after hepatic arterial blockage maybe one of its major mechanisms.

title: @entity2390 augments the effects of XXXX in treating a @entity35 @entity96 model.

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['hepatic arterial occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To observe if @entity2390 can augment the effects of @entity432 for transplanted @entity5 in @entity35 's liver. METHODOLOGY: Walker 256 @entity6962 was transplanted into @entity35 's liver to create the @entity96 model. Hepatic arterial ligation was used to block the hepatic arterial blood supply. @entity35 bearing @entity5 were divided into three groups: control group, HAL (hepatic arterial ligation) group, and HAL plus @entity2390 group. Change of @entity5 volume and @entity5 growth inhibiting rate after therapy were evaluated. @entity5956 labeling assay was used to analyze the blood perfusion of @entity5 (the labeled cells' number presenting blood perfusion). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization, and the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: Six days after hepatic arterial ligation, the mean @entity5 volume in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity2390 group was 0.103 +/- 0.043 cm3, 0.030 +/- 0.018 cm3, and 0.016 +/- 0.005 cm3, respectively. The @entity5 volume in the two behind groups was smaller than that in the control group (P < 0.01), and the @entity5 growth-inhibiting rate was 70.8%, and 84.5%, respectively. Compared with the HAL group, the @entity5 volume in HAL plus @entity2390 group decreased significantly (P < 0.05). @entity5956 labeled cells' number in control group, HAL group, and HAL plus @entity2390 group was 369.7 +/- 30.2, 344.1 +/- 26.0, and 323.2 +/- 40.4, respectively. The number in HAL combined with @entity2390 group decreased significantly compared with that in control group (P < 0.05), which suggested that the blood perfusion of @entity5 in HAL plus @entity2390 group decreased significantly. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotenase-1 mRNA decreased slightly, but not significantly in HAL plus @entity2390 group compared with that in HAL group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity2390 can promote the effects of hepatic @entity432 in @entity35 's liver. Decreasing the blood perfusion of @entity5 after hepatic arterial blockage maybe one of its major mechanisms.

title: @entity2390 augments the effects of @entity432 in treating a XXXX @entity96 model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity157 is commonly found in Asian countries and prognosis still remains unsatisfactory due to recurrence after surgical @entity5 resection. METHODOLOGY: We try to demonstrate the recurrence and survival time in 99 surgical @entity1 grading by @entity5 cellular differentiation from surgical specimen. RESULTS: The rates of well, moderate, and poor differentiation were encountered in 21 cases (21.2%), 61 cases (61.6%) and 17 cases (17.7%), respectively. Small @entity5 (< 3 cm) was found in only one (5.9%) in the poor differentiation group and 38.1% and 37.7% in the well and moderate differentiation groups. Capsular invasion was found in 13 (61.9%), 39 (63.9%) and 7 (41.1%) in the well, moderate and poor differentiation group, respectively. We found 41.9% (18/43) and 22.4% (13/58) to be @entity5 free in capsule invasion (-) and (+) after a period of 18.1 and 29.9 months, respectively. However, the recurrent time was 10.6 and 11.3 months, respectively with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Vascular invasion was more frequent in the poor differentiation group (76.5%) than the well (23.8%) and moderate (60.7%) differentiation groups (P < 0.05). We found 23.5% (4/17) and 35% (21/60) to be @entity5 free but the recurrence time was 6.5 and 14.1 months for the vascular invasion (-) and (+), respectively. The residual median survival times were 6.5 and 14 months after recurrence, respectively. The @entity5 recurrence rates were 52.7% (11/21), 52.4% (32/61), and 35.5% (6/17) and recurrence times were 11.7, 11.9, and 4.5 months for the well, moderate and poor differentiation group respectively totally. The recurrence time of young age group (< 39 years old) was shorter than the others and there was no @entity1 of well differentiation less than 40 years old. The recurrence time was shorter in the poor differentiation group but there was no significant difference according to age group. The median survival times were 22.2, 22.9, and 9.5 months for each group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Differentiation of @entity157 cell had a clinical significance and was found to be positively correlated with the invasive proclivity. The median survival time was longer in both the well and moderate differentiation group, but not in the poor differentiation group. The clinical data revealed that the extended operations performed upon the @entity1 with poor differentiation effected the recurrence time but not the survival time.

title: Clinical significance of cell differentiation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the effects and @entity137 of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and local radiotherapy for @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 . METHODOLOGY: From June 1994 to June 1999, 28 @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 (the largest dimension of @entity5 ranged from 3 to 10 cm) were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization followed by local irradiation. Response was assessed by computed tomography scan and ultrasound, together with serum @entity160 level in cases with increased baseline values. Complications associated with treatment were monitored. Cumulative survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier method from the first day of treatment. RESULTS: An objective response (reduction of @entity5 area greater than 50%) was achieved in 57.0% of the cases. In 63.0% of the cases with increased @entity160 values, @entity160 level underwent a marked reduction (more than 50%). The cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 81.9%, 42.4%, and 21.2%, respectively (median survival, 31 months, 95% CI: 27.8-34.2 months). The combination therapy was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with local radiotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for unresectable @entity157 . Further study is required to compare the therapeutic efficacy of this regimen to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or radiotherapy alone.

title: The long-term efficacy of combined chemoembolization and local irradiation in the treatment of @entity1 with large XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the effects and @entity137 of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and local radiotherapy for @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 . METHODOLOGY: From June 1994 to June 1999, 28 @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 (the largest dimension of @entity5 ranged from 3 to 10 cm) were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization followed by local irradiation. Response was assessed by computed tomography scan and ultrasound, together with serum @entity160 level in cases with increased baseline values. Complications associated with treatment were monitored. Cumulative survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier method from the first day of treatment. RESULTS: An objective response (reduction of @entity5 area greater than 50%) was achieved in 57.0% of the cases. In 63.0% of the cases with increased @entity160 values, @entity160 level underwent a marked reduction (more than 50%). The cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 81.9%, 42.4%, and 21.2%, respectively (median survival, 31 months, 95% CI: 27.8-34.2 months). The combination therapy was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with local radiotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for unresectable @entity157 . Further study is required to compare the therapeutic efficacy of this regimen to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or radiotherapy alone.

title: The long-term efficacy of combined chemoembolization and local irradiation in the treatment of XXXX with large @entity157 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the role of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in the pathophysiology of @entity1 reproduction. DESIGN: Review of literature. SETTING: Fertility research center and obstetrics and gynecology department in a tertiary care facility. RESULT(S): ROS plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many reproductive processes. In @entity4810 . oxidative stress attacks the fluidity of the sperm plasma membrane and the integrity of DNA in the sperm nucleus. Reactive @entity26 species induced DNA damage may accelerate the process of germ cell apoptosis, leading to the decline in sperm counts associated with @entity4810 . ROS mediated female fertility disorders share many pathogenic similarities with the ones on the male side. These similarities include a potential role in the pathophysiology of @entity46 and @entity249 . High follicular fluid ROS levels are associated with negative IVF outcomes, particularly in smokers. Moreover, oxidative stress may be responsible in hydrosalpingeal fluid mediated embryotoxicity as well as poor in vitro embryonic development. CONCLUSION(S): High levels of ROS are detrimental to the fertility potential both in natural and assisted conception states.

title: Role of reactive XXXX species in the pathophysiology of @entity1 reproduction.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['unexplained infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility', 'male-factor infertility']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the role of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in the pathophysiology of @entity1 reproduction. DESIGN: Review of literature. SETTING: Fertility research center and obstetrics and gynecology department in a tertiary care facility. RESULT(S): ROS plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many reproductive processes. In @entity4810 . oxidative stress attacks the fluidity of the sperm plasma membrane and the integrity of DNA in the sperm nucleus. Reactive @entity26 species induced DNA damage may accelerate the process of germ cell apoptosis, leading to the decline in sperm counts associated with @entity4810 . ROS mediated female fertility disorders share many pathogenic similarities with the ones on the male side. These similarities include a potential role in the pathophysiology of @entity46 and @entity249 . High follicular fluid ROS levels are associated with negative IVF outcomes, particularly in smokers. Moreover, oxidative stress may be responsible in hydrosalpingeal fluid mediated embryotoxicity as well as poor in vitro embryonic development. CONCLUSION(S): High levels of ROS are detrimental to the fertility potential both in natural and assisted conception states.

title: Role of reactive @entity26 species in the pathophysiology of XXXX reproduction.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Objectives. The study was aimed to assess the association between low maternal serum @entity1760 levels and @entity3152 . Methods. It is a cross-sectional case-control study in which eligible @entity1 were pregnant @entity1 admitted in labour within the labour ward complex of a Lagos tertiary hospital. Relevant data were extracted from the case records of these @entity1 and blood samples were obtained from all participants and serum @entity1760 levels measured. Results. The study showed that 36% of the study @entity1 had varying degrees of hypomagnesaemia. The relative risk indicates that @entity3152 is 1.83 times higher among the @entity1 with low serum @entity1760 (less than 1.6   mg/dL). The mean difference in serum @entity1760 levels in both groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion. We can infer that low serum @entity1760 (hypomagnesaemia) is associated with preterm onset of labour. We can, also from this finding, formulate a proposition that would help in preventing @entity3152 and birth with the use of prophylactic oral @entity1760 supplementation among @entity1 with higher risk for development of @entity3152 .

title: A Study on the Association between Low Maternal Serum @entity1760 Level and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labour']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['Preterm Labour']


abstract: Objectives. The study was aimed to assess the association between low maternal serum @entity1760 levels and @entity3152 . Methods. It is a cross-sectional case-control study in which eligible @entity1 were pregnant @entity1 admitted in labour within the labour ward complex of a Lagos tertiary hospital. Relevant data were extracted from the case records of these @entity1 and blood samples were obtained from all participants and serum @entity1760 levels measured. Results. The study showed that 36% of the study @entity1 had varying degrees of hypomagnesaemia. The relative risk indicates that @entity3152 is 1.83 times higher among the @entity1 with low serum @entity1760 (less than 1.6   mg/dL). The mean difference in serum @entity1760 levels in both groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion. We can infer that low serum @entity1760 (hypomagnesaemia) is associated with preterm onset of labour. We can, also from this finding, formulate a proposition that would help in preventing @entity3152 and birth with the use of prophylactic oral @entity1760 supplementation among @entity1 with higher risk for development of @entity3152 .

title: A Study on the Association between Low Maternal Serum XXXX Level and @entity3152 .

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium']


abstract: @entity328 is the most common cause of fatal @entity497 , @entity2172 , and @entity693 . The prevention and treatment of this @entity281 have become a top priority for the medical-scientific community. The present polysaccharide-based vaccine used to immunize susceptible hosts is only approximately 60% effective and is ineffective in @entity1 younger than 2 years of age. The new conjugate vaccine, based on the engineered diphtheria toxin coupled to polysaccharide antigens. is approved only for use in @entity1 under 2 years of age to treat invasive disease. While @entity114 is the drug of choice to treat @entity281 secondary to @entity2260 , increasing numbers of bacterial strains are resistant to @entity114 as well as to broad spectrum antibiotics such as @entity2176 . Thus, there is a need to identify new strategies to prevent and treat diseases caused by to @entity2260 . In this article, we summarize the utilization of the recently available @entity2260 genomic information in order to identify and characterize novel proteins likely located on the surface of this Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium. Because only a limited number of surface proteins of @entity2260 have been characterized to date, this information provides new insights into the pathogenesis of this organism as well as highlights possible avenues for its treatment and/or prevention in the future. The review is divided into two sections. First, we brietly summarize current information about known surface-exposed proteins of @entity2260 . This is followed by the illustration of procedures for the identification of new putative surface-exposed proteins. These have signal peptides required for their extra-cytoplasmic transport and/or additional signature sequences. Some of these will be @entity2260 virulence factors. The signature sequences we have chosen are those leading to protein binding to @entity1877 present on the bacterial surface, attachment to peptidoglycan of the cell wall, or anchoring to lipids of the cytoplasmic membrane. All these signatures are indicative of binding of proteins to the surface of this organism. Secondly, we illustrate the application of bioinformatics and modeling tools to these selected proteins in order to provide information about their likely functions and preliminary three-dimensional structure models. The focal point of the analysis of these proteins, their sequences, and structures is the evaluation of their antigenic properties and possible roles in pathogenicity. The information obtained from the genome analysis will be instrumental in the development of a more effective prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents to prevent and to treat @entity281 due to @entity2260 .

title: Analysis of structure and function of putative surface-exposed proteins encoded in the XXXX genome: a bioinformatics-based approach to vaccine and drug design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear infection']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnosis and treatment of the @entity6085 ( @entity6085 ) after @entity1545 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 12 @entity1 suffered from @entity6085 after @entity1545 . The clinical features of these @entity1 were similar to those of common @entity2753 . Most of the @entity2753 were detected by routine examinations. Supplement of salt as the initial treatment was used in these @entity1 . If natremia did not rise or descended 2-3 days after treatment, @entity6085 was considered or diagnosed. Treatment scheme should be adjusted to limit water and natrium instead of supplying salt. @entity1483 and albumin were the first choice for dehydration therapy. RESULTS: 24-48 hours after limiting water and natrium, 12 @entity1 's natremia level was back to normal. Eight out of 12 @entity1 were corrected completely in 1 week, 1 in 14 days, and 1 in 3 months after injury. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of @entity6085 is difficult before treatment though effective treatment can be obtained if we adopt correct strategy. In these @entity1 , the diagnosis of @entity6085 is confirmed in the course of treatment.

title: Clinical analysis of the XXXX after @entity1545 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['Frusemide']

entities_list: @entity6085 :: ('MESH:D007177', 'Disease') :: ['SIADH', 'syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity6085 :: (MESH:D007177,Disease) :: ['syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnosis and treatment of the @entity6085 ( @entity6085 ) after @entity1545 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 12 @entity1 suffered from @entity6085 after @entity1545 . The clinical features of these @entity1 were similar to those of common @entity2753 . Most of the @entity2753 were detected by routine examinations. Supplement of salt as the initial treatment was used in these @entity1 . If natremia did not rise or descended 2-3 days after treatment, @entity6085 was considered or diagnosed. Treatment scheme should be adjusted to limit water and natrium instead of supplying salt. @entity1483 and albumin were the first choice for dehydration therapy. RESULTS: 24-48 hours after limiting water and natrium, 12 @entity1 's natremia level was back to normal. Eight out of 12 @entity1 were corrected completely in 1 week, 1 in 14 days, and 1 in 3 months after injury. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of @entity6085 is difficult before treatment though effective treatment can be obtained if we adopt correct strategy. In these @entity1 , the diagnosis of @entity6085 is confirmed in the course of treatment.

title: Clinical analysis of the @entity6085 after XXXX .

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This report analyses an experience with 42 liver resections for metastatic @entity14 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 underwent curative resection for liver metastasis from @entity14 between January 2004 and December 2007, with a follow up period that ranged from 3 to 66 months. In this retrospective study, early postoperative 30 day mortality and morbidity in addition to the effects of @entity5 , type of resection, number and size of the @entity5 , synchronous or metachronous metastases, resection margin, sex, age and chemotherapy protocol on three year survival were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate analyses of survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was evaluated using Cox regression method. The value of P<0.05 was accepted as significant. RESULTS: Early postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 7.14% and 0%, respectively. Fourteen @entity1 died during the follow-up period of 3 to 66 months (mean, 40.40  12.87). Median survival was 56 months and three year survival rate was 71.30%. Recurrence occurred in 11 @entity1 (26.00%) after liver resection and additional surgery was performed for two of them. At univariate analysis, the number of @entity5 (<4), @entity5 size (<4 cm), type of resection and negative resection margins were significantly correlated with three year survival. Sex, age, @entity5 , synchronous or metachronous metastasis, recurrence and chemotherapy protocol were not predictive of long-term prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity5 size>4 cm and presence of more than four @entity5 before surgery were associated with a 5.89 and 2.18-fold increased risk of @entity204 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Curative resection is one of the most important treatment options that can demonstrate long-term survival for @entity1 .

title: Surgical treatment of liver metastases from XXXX : experience of a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', "Dukes' stage", 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: AIMS: @entity712 is placing an increasing burden on society. This has led to calls for echocardiographic-based programmes to screen for @entity1002 and other @entity299 . Echocardiography using new fully portable echocardiography devices would allow community-based cost-effective screening programmes once validated. This study was undertaken to evaluate this further in both high and low-risk subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: 562 consecutive subjects attending a community-based @entity712 screening programme, some at high-risk and some at low-risk of @entity299 , underwent echocardiography by both portable and traditional echocardiography machines. An 'eyeball' estimate of left ventricular ejection fraction was made on the portable device and compared to a quantitative measure of ejection fraction on the traditional machine. Qualitative measures of @entity340 and quantitative measures of @entity4346 were also compared. An estimate of ejection fraction was possible in 97% of cases using portable echocardiography. It gave a sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value in diagnosing @entity1002 of 96%, 98% and 99.6%, respectively. Inter-observer variability gave a mean difference in ejection fraction of 2%, and 95% limits of agreement of -8% to +12%. All cases of moderate or severe @entity340 and 29 of 31 cases of significant @entity4346 were correctly identified as abnormal on the portable device. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, echocardiography performed by experienced sonographers using these new fully portable devices is an accurate and reproducible technique for detecting @entity1002 , @entity4346 and @entity340 in both high-risk and low-risk members of the community. Its very high negative predictive values would allow their use in future community-based screening programmes.

title: Portable echocardiography: an innovative tool in screening for XXXX in the community.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac abnormalities']


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) @entity1 have both visceral and cutaneous @entity1931 . The neural mechanisms of these forms of @entity1931 were further characterized by comparing cortical processing of both @entity5584 (35, 55mmHg) and cutaneous heat nociceptive stimuli (foot immersion in 45 and 47 degrees C water bath) in @entity1744 @entity1 and in a group of healthy age/sex-matched controls. Our approach relied on functional magnetic resonance imaging neuroimaging analyses in which brain activation in age/sex-matched control subjects was subtracted from that found in @entity1744 @entity1 . These analyses revealed that both @entity5584 and cutaneous heat stimuli evoked greater neural activity in several brain regions of @entity1744 @entity1 in comparison to age/sex-matched control subjects. These include those related to early stages of somatosensory processing (e.g. thalamus, somatosensory cortex) as well as those more related to cognitive and affective processing (insular, anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex). Thus, our results support the hypothesis that @entity1931 of @entity1744 is manifested by increased somatosensory processing at all cortical levels. This was found to be the case not only for @entity1931 but also for cutaneous @entity1931 , a likely form of secondary @entity1931 . Furthermore, visceral and @entity1931 were accompanied by increased neural activity within the same brain structures. These results support the hypothesis that visceral and cutaneous @entity1931 in @entity1744 @entity1 is related to increased afferent processing in pathways ascending to the brain rather than to selectively increased activity at higher cortical levels (e.g. limbic and frontal cortical areas).

title: Central representation of visceral and cutaneous hypersensitivity in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesia', 'heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['rectal distension']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: @entity1919 is a very important regulator in a wide range of biological processes, including inflammatory reactions. To investigate the role of @entity268 in microglia, we examined the effect of @entity8279 ( @entity5393 ) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cytokine expression and signaling pathways in murine BV2 microglial cells. @entity5393 strongly suppressed LPS-induced @entity310 expression, without affecting NO, @entity650 or @entity2533 expression. In contrast, LPS-induced @entity1356 or @entity688 expressions were dramatically increased by @entity5393 . We further examined the effect of elevated @entity268 on signaling molecules such as MAP kinases ( @entity1435 MAPK, @entity3963 and @entity4675 ), NF-kappaB and @entity1639 , which are involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. @entity5393 decreased the LPS-induced phosphorylation of @entity1435 MAPK, while it modestly enhanced the @entity3963 activity. @entity4675 phosphorylation was slightly reduced by @entity5393 only at the later time point. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the elevated @entity268 potentiated AP-1 binding activity by enhancing @entity1639 binding. On the other hand, @entity5393 repressed NF-kappaB-mediated transcription without affecting NF-kappaB binding. Treatment with @entity9501 , a selective inhibitor of protein kinase A, completely reversed @entity268 -induced @entity688 and @entity1356 upregulation but only partially reversed the @entity268 -induced repression of @entity310 . Thus, the effect of @entity5393 in BV2 cells appears to be mediated through both protein kinase A-dependent and -independent pathways. Taken together, our results demonstrate that @entity268 modulates microglia activation in a diverse and complex manner.

title: Selective modulation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways by XXXX in BV2 microglial cells.

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl-cAMP']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['DbcAMP', 'dbcAMP']

answer: @entity8279 :: (CHEBI:50095,Chemical) :: ['dibutyryl-cAMP']


abstract: Yellow birch seedlings (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) that had lost more than 90% of their stem hydraulic conductivity during ambient winter temperatures were exposed to 0 and 20 days of a simulated winter thaw followed by a 48-h freezing treatment at 0, -5, -10, -20 and -30 degrees C. After measuring @entity130 to shoots and roots, the seedlings were placed in a greenhouse where recovery of xylem conductivity and new growth were measured. Shoot xylem cavitation was measured as percent loss of hydraulic conductivity. @entity130 was assessed by electrolyte leakage (EL) and root @entity130 was assessed by EL and @entity5045 reduction. Seedlings pretreated with thaw had higher stem water contents and suffered more freezing damage to roots and shoots (at -20 and -30 degrees C, respectively) than unthawed seedlings. After 3 weeks in a greenhouse, seedlings from the 0, -5 and -10 degrees C freezing treatments showed complete recovery of xylem conductivity, with substantially increased stem water contents. Poor recovery of hydraulic conductivity was observed only in seedlings that were subjected to freezing treatments at -20 and -30 degrees C, regardless of thaw treatment. Of these embolized seedlings, however, only those not previously thawed showed recovery of hydraulic conductivity or regained stem water content after 9 weeks in the greenhouse. Shoot dieback, bud burst and length of new shoots were significantly related to the extent of stem xylem cavitation and @entity130 . We conclude that (1) the simulated winter thaw predisposed yellow birch seedlings to freezing damage in shoots and roots by dehardening tissues and increasing their water content; (2) root freezing damage in turn affected the seedlings' ability to refill embolized stem xylem, resulting in considerable residual xylem @entity887 after spring refilling; (3) further recovery of stem xylem conductivity was attributable to growth of new vessels; (4) and the permanent @entity887 , together with root and shoot @entity130 , caused increased dieback, bud mortality and reduced growth of new shoots.

title: Effects of simulated thaw on xylem cavitation, XXXX , spring dieback and shoot growth in yellow birch.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyl tetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['residual embolism', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Shoot freezing injury', 'freezing injury']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['residual embolism']


abstract: A 29-year-old @entity1 had an episode of @entity110 at the age of 17 while exercising after eating fried cuttlefish. For years thereafter, she experienced several episodes of @entity110 after eating seafood. At the age of 29, she ate grilled seafood, including cuttlefish for supper after taking @entity36027 for lumbago. One hour later, she developed generalized @entity110 accompanied by @entity390 , @entity490 , swelling of the lips, and @entity1353 while walking; she was taken to a hospital. She was then referred to us for further examination of the etiology of her anaphylactic reactions. The level of specific IgE measured using Immuno CAP was negative for all kinds of foods, including cuttlefish. However, a skin prick test was positive for raw and cooked cuttlefish. Provocation tests were performed on admission by combining the intake of cuttlefish and @entity117 under the suspicion of cuttlefish @entity566 enhanced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and exercise. As a result, she developed no symptoms except for slight itching of the oral mucosa after eating 20 g or 100 g of cuttlefish with or without concomitant administration of 0.5 g of @entity117 . Finally, generalized @entity110 appeared after challenge with cuttlefish and 1.5 g of @entity117 . She was diagnosed with food-dependent exercise-induced @entity2021 (FDEIA) caused by cuttlefish. She has not developed @entity110 since she started to avoid eating cuttlefish. Our results indicated that in provocation tests for the diagnosis of FDEIA, @entity56 could not only be induced by food intake but could also be enhanced by @entity117 in a dose-dependent manner.

title: [Case of food-dependent exercise-induced @entity2021 diagnosed by the provocation test with cuttlefish after the pretreatment with 1.5 g of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity36027 :: ('MESH:C040656', 'Chemical') :: ['loxoprofen']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: A 29-year-old @entity1 had an episode of @entity110 at the age of 17 while exercising after eating fried cuttlefish. For years thereafter, she experienced several episodes of @entity110 after eating seafood. At the age of 29, she ate grilled seafood, including cuttlefish for supper after taking @entity36027 for lumbago. One hour later, she developed generalized @entity110 accompanied by @entity390 , @entity490 , swelling of the lips, and @entity1353 while walking; she was taken to a hospital. She was then referred to us for further examination of the etiology of her anaphylactic reactions. The level of specific IgE measured using Immuno CAP was negative for all kinds of foods, including cuttlefish. However, a skin prick test was positive for raw and cooked cuttlefish. Provocation tests were performed on admission by combining the intake of cuttlefish and @entity117 under the suspicion of cuttlefish @entity566 enhanced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and exercise. As a result, she developed no symptoms except for slight itching of the oral mucosa after eating 20 g or 100 g of cuttlefish with or without concomitant administration of 0.5 g of @entity117 . Finally, generalized @entity110 appeared after challenge with cuttlefish and 1.5 g of @entity117 . She was diagnosed with food-dependent exercise-induced @entity2021 (FDEIA) caused by cuttlefish. She has not developed @entity110 since she started to avoid eating cuttlefish. Our results indicated that in provocation tests for the diagnosis of FDEIA, @entity56 could not only be induced by food intake but could also be enhanced by @entity117 in a dose-dependent manner.

title: [Case of food-dependent exercise-induced XXXX diagnosed by the provocation test with cuttlefish after the pretreatment with 1.5 g of @entity117 ].

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylaxis']


abstract: Serum @entity1011 is an important prognostic indicator in @entity1 on the liver transplant waiting-list, being a component of the @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) score. However, @entity1011 is influenced by age, gender and race, and in this role may disadvantage some individuals. The @entity8 ( @entity8 ) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) takes into account these variables and may be a superior measure of renal function. Our aim was to examine whether the @entity8 4-variable, 5-variable and 6-variable eGFRs are superior to serum @entity1011 in predicting 3-month waiting-list mortality in @entity1 with @entity3851 . This was a retrospective single-centre study of 427 adults listed for first liver transplantation. The median listing @entity8 4-variable, 5-variable and 6-variable eGFR was 69, 71 and 73 ml/min/1.73 m(2) , respectively. The median listing serum @entity1011 was 89  m. @entity8 4-variable (P = 0.002), 5-variable (P < 0.001) and 6-variable eGFR (P < 0.001), and serum @entity1011 (P < 0.001), were all predictors of mortality on the transplant waiting-list. Of the three @entity8 equations, the 6-variable eGFR was the better prognostic indicator. The substitution of 6-variable eGFR for serum @entity1011 did not improve the prognostic accuracy of the @entity3851 (P = 0.825) and UK score for @entity1 with End-Stage @entity409 (P = 0.781) scores. In conclusion the @entity8 eGFR is comparable, but not superior to serum @entity1011 , in predicting @entity204 within 3 months of listing for liver transplantation.

title: Is estimated glomerular filtration rate superior to serum XXXX in predicting mortality on the waiting list for liver transplantation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'Modification of Diet in Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease', 'MELD', 'Model for End Stage Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) is used increasingly to detect @entity21 ( @entity21 ) after @entity131 ( @entity131 ). PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to investigate the changes in the diffusion properties of the corpus callosum in the acute phase and 6 months after @entity131 and to examine the correlation between DTI parameters and clinical outcome. RESEARCH DESIGN: Longitudinal prospective study. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: MR-DTI was performed in eight @entity1 with suspected @entity21 within 11 days and at 6 months post-injury. Six controls were also examined. Fractional anisotropy (FA), trace and parallel and perpendicular diffusivity of the corpus callosum were analysed. The main outcome was the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale score, assessed at 6 months. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: A significant reduction in FA in the corpus callosum was seen in the acute phase in @entity1 compared with the healthy controls. There was no significant change in the parallel or perpendicular eigenvalues or trace. At 6 months, a significant reduction in FA and a significant increase in trace and perpendicular eigenvalues were noticed compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The diffusion properties of the corpus callosum correlated with clinical outcome in this longitudinal investigation.

title: Longitudinal study of the diffusion tensor imaging properties of the corpus callosum in acute and chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['DAI', 'diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['diffuse axonal injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with normal weight @entity28 (NWO) have a normal body mass index (BMI) but elevated body fat percentage (BF%), thereby increasing their risk of @entity65 . The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of NWO and its associated factors in a sample of young adults in Trinidad and Tobago (T_T). METHODS: A cross sectional study involving a convenience non-voluntary sample of @entity1 with a normal BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 was conducted. The following information was collected: history, basic anthropometric measurements, including BF% via the Tanita Ironman Body Composition Analyzer (BC554), physical examination and basic blood investigations. @entity1 were divided into two groups; normal BF% (<23.1% males, <33.3% females) and elevated BF% (>= 23.1% males, >= 33.3% females). RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-six students participated, F:M (2.1:1), aged 18-28 years [Mean 21.33 (SD 2.5)], mean BMI 21.66 (SD 1.9). A response rate of 80.3%. The prevalence of NWO for this population was 19.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.1-25.7]. Males 14.4% (95% CI 10.3-19.7) and females 5.5% (95% CI 3.1-9.5). Variables with a statistically significant association with NWO included gender, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (BP), the ratio of total @entity165 (TC) to high density lipoprotein and in females, the presence of @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression revealed that predictors of NWO were male gender and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: One in five of this young adult population was found to have NWO. Long-term studies are recommended to study the full implications of these findings.

title: Normal weight XXXX among young adults in Trinidad and Tobago: prevalence and associated factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['PCOS', 'polycystic ovarian syndrome']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Personalized @entity5 treatments depend on the determination of a @entity1 's genetic status according to known genetic profiles for which targeted treatments exist. Such genetic profiles must be scientifically validated before they is applied to general @entity1 population. Reproducibility of findings that support such genetic profiles is a fundamental challenge in validation studies. The percentage of overlapping genes (POG) criterion and derivative methods produce unstable and misleading results. Furthermore, in a complex disease, comparisons between different @entity5 subtypes can produce high POG scores that do not capture the consistencies in the functions. RESULTS: We focused on the quality rather than the quantity of the overlapping genes. We defined the rank value of each gene according to importance or quality by PageRank on basis of a particular topological structure. Then, we used the p-value of the rank-sum of the overlapping genes (PRSOG) to evaluate the quality of reproducibility. Though the POG scores were low in different studies of the same disease, the PRSOG was statistically significant, which suggests that sets of differentially expressed genes might be highly reproducible. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluations of eight datasets from @entity0 and four other disorders indicate that quality-based PRSOG method performs better than a quantity-based method. Our analysis of the components of the sets of overlapping genes supports the utility of the PRSOG method.

title: A network-based method to evaluate quality of reproducibility of differential expression in XXXX genomics studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer, lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Numerous studies have reported the existence of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with self-renewal potential and a relevant role in drug resistance. However, pathways and modifications involved in the maintenance of such @entity5 subpopulations are still only partially understood. Sequencing-based approaches offer the opportunity for a detailed study of @entity5 including their transcriptome modulation. Using microarrays and RNA sequencing approaches, we compared the transcriptional profiles of parental MCF7 @entity0 cells with MCF7-derived @entity5 (i.e. MCFS). Data were explored using different bioinformatic approaches, and major findings were experimentally validated. The different analytical pipelines (Lifescope and Cufflinks based) yielded similar although not identical results. RNA sequencing data partially overlapped microarray results and displayed a higher dynamic range, although overall the two approaches concordantly predicted pathway modifications. Several biological functions were altered in @entity5 , ranging from production of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., @entity687 and @entity2842 ) to proliferation and response to @entity479 hormones. More than 300 non-coding RNAs were defined as differentially expressed, and 2,471 potential splicing events were identified. A consensus signature of genes up-regulated in @entity5 was derived and was found to be significantly associated with insensitivity to @entity1299 in a @entity0 @entity1 dataset. Overall, we obtained a detailed portrait of the transcriptome of a @entity0 @entity5 line, highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs and differential splicing, and identified a gene signature with a potential as a context-specific biomarker in @entity1 receiving endocrine treatment.

title: In-depth characterization of XXXX -promoting cell transcriptome by RNA sequencing and microarrays.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'public breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor-promoting cells', 'TPC']

entities_list: @entity1299 :: ('MESH:C070081', 'Chemical') :: ['fulvestrant']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection and treatment of @entity378 cases are the hallmark of successful @entity378 control. We conducted a cross-sectional study at public primary health facilities in Kampala city, Uganda to quantify diagnostic delay among @entity1907 ( @entity1907 ) @entity1 , assess associated factors, and describe trajectories of @entity1 ' health care seeking. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Semi-structured interviews with new smear-positive @entity1907 @entity1 (>=  15 years) registered for treatment. Between April 2007 and April 2008, 253 @entity1 were studied. The median total delay was 8 weeks (IQR 4-12), median @entity1 delay was 4 weeks (inter-quartile range [IQR] 1-8) and median health service delay was 4 weeks (IQR 2-8). Long total delay (>14 weeks) was observed for 61/253 (24.1%) of @entity1 , long health service delay (>6 weeks) for 71/242 (29.3%) and long @entity1 delay (>8 weeks) for 47/242 (19.4%). @entity1 who knew that @entity1906 was curable were less likely to have long total delay (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 0.28; 95%CI 0.11-0.73) and long @entity1 delay (aOR 0.36; 95%CI 0.13-0.97). Being female (aOR 1.98; 95%CI 1.06-3.71), staying for more than 5 years at current residence (aOR 2.24 95%CI 1.18-4.27) and having been tested for @entity645 before (aOR 3.72; 95%CI 1.42-9.75) was associated with long health service delay. Health service delay contributed 50% of the total delay. Ninety-one percent (231) of @entity1 had visited one or more health care providers before they were diagnosed, for an average (median) of 4 visits (range 1-30). All but four @entity1 had systemic symptoms by the time the diagnosis of @entity1906 was made. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Diagnostic delay among @entity378 @entity1 in Kampala is common and long. This reflects @entity1 waiting too long before seeking care and health services waiting until systemic symptoms are present before examining sputum smears; this results in missed opportunities for diagnosis.

title: Long delays and missed opportunities in diagnosing smear-positive XXXX in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'PTB']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a mathematical model, based on clinical and laboratory data, that could be useful in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) to predict which @entity1 with @entity360 ( @entity360 ) have an @entity548 . @entity1 AND METHOD: During a period of 12 months, we included all consecutive cases of @entity360 that came to the @entity341 of an urban hospital. These @entity1 made up the primary or model obtaining series. During the 12 following months, we selected a sample of @entity360 @entity1 who made up the secondary series. The mathematical predictive model was built using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: 623 @entity1 made up the primary series and 251 the secondary series. A score equal or higher than 4 indicated the best diagnosis accuracy (63.6%) with positive and negative predictive values of 65.1 and 40.0%, respectively. The discriminative power of the model was significant (p < 0.001) but it displayed little accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Shock, positive tilt test, increased @entity5507 , previous hematemesis, to be an usual @entity167 drinker, presence of sweating, and no previous treatment with antiulcer drugs were independent predictors for @entity548 . The diagnostic accuracy of the model does not not allow its systematic use in clinical practice. However, it may be helpful for the triage of @entity360 in the @entity341 .

title: [Clinical prediction of endoscopic signs in active or recent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['active or recent bleeding']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['UGB', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: AIM: Endothelial membrane hyperpolarization mediated by @entity34824 and @entity51264 channels has been demonstrated to initiate @entity4059 ( @entity4059 )-type vasodilations. Moreover, pharmacological potentiation of @entity34824 / @entity51264 channels has been suggested to improve @entity4059 . Herein, we determined whether the @entity34824 / @entity51264 activator @entity72532 and its derivative SKA-20 improve @entity409 in @entity34824 -/- and @entity13471 -/- @entity19 . METHODS: Membrane potentials were measured using patch-clamp electrophysiology on carotid artery (CA) endothelial cells (CAEC) from wild-type (wt) and @entity34824 -/- @entity19 . Endothelium-dependent vasodilations were determined by pressure myography in CA. RESULTS: @entity72532 (1  m) activated @entity34824 and @entity51264 channels and induced membrane hyperpolarization in CAEC of wt (/\MP -45 mV). These responses were significantly reduced in CAEC of @entity34824 -/- (/\MP -8 mV). @entity72532 (200 nm, 500 nm) and SKA-20 (300 nm) significantly enhanced @entity4059 vasodilations in wt. SKA-20 also improved vasodilations during NO synthesis. In @entity34824 -/-, the @entity49 were unchanged at 200 nm @entity72532 , but were significantly improved at 500 nm. @entity4059 vasodilations were slightly enhanced at 300 nm SKA-20, but vasodilations during NO synthesis were unchanged. @entity72532 (500 nm) enhanced the impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in @entity13471 -/- @entity19 twofold. Pharmacological inhibition of the soluble @entity4299 hydrolase by t-AUCB (1  m) in contrast did not increase @entity1617 -induced @entity4059 - or NO-mediated vasodilations in wt and @entity34824 -/-. CONCLUSION: Normal and defective endothelium-dependent vasodilations in @entity19 carotid arteries can be improved by pharmacological enhancement of @entity34824 / @entity51264 functions. These findings further support the concept that pharmacological activation of endothelial @entity51264 / @entity34824 could offer a novel endothelium-specific antihypertensive strategy.

title: Improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilations by XXXX and SKA-20, activators of small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ -channels.

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['EDHF-type vasodilations', 'EDHF', 'endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor']

entities_list: @entity4299 :: ('CHEBI:32955', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxide']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['defective EDHF vasodilations']

answer: @entity72532 :: (MESH:C535212,Chemical) :: ['SKA-31']


abstract: Rapid diagnostic identification of the @entity1 H5 influenza virus is a strategic cornerstone for outbreak prevention. We recently reported a method for direct detection of viral RNA from a highly pathogenic @entity1 H5 influenza strain (A/Hanoi/30408/2005(H5N1)), which necessarily was transcribed in vitro from non-viral sources. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the reaction conditions for in vitro transcription (IVT) of full-length influenza H5 RNA, which is needed for diagnostic RNA production, for the T7 and @entity8949 phage promoter systems. Gel analysis of RNA transcribed from plasmids containing the H5 sequence between a 5' @entity8949 promoter and 3' restriction site (BsmBI) showed that three sequence-verified bands at 1,776, 784, and 591 bases were consistently produced, whereas only one 1,776-base band was expected. These fragments were not observed in H1 or H3 influenza RNA transcribed under similar conditions. A reverse complement of the sequence produced only a single band at 1,776 bases, which suggested either self-cleavage or early termination. Aliquots of the IVT reaction were quenched with EDTA to track the generation of the bands over time, which maintained a constant concentration ratio. The H5 sequence was cloned with T7 and @entity8949 RNA polymerase promoters to allow transcription in either direction with either polymerase. The T7 transcription product from purified, restricted plasmids in the @entity44038 direction only produced the 1,776-base full-length sequence and the 784-base fragment, instead of the three bands generated by the @entity8949 system, suggesting an early termination mechanism. Additionally, the T7 system produced a higher fraction of full-length @entity44038 transcripts than the @entity8949 system did under similar reaction conditions. By sequencing we identified a type II RNA hairpin loop terminator, which forms in a transcription direction-dependent fashion. Variation of the @entity1760 concentration produced the greatest impact on termination profiles, where some reaction mixtures were unable to produce full-length transcripts. Optimized conditions are presented for the T7 and @entity8949 phage polymerase systems to minimize these early termination events during in vitro transcription of H5 influenza @entity44038 .

title: Early in vitro transcription termination in XXXX H5 influenza viral RNA synthesis.

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Olive ( @entity4135 .) is one of the oldest agricultural tree crops worldwide and is an important source of oil with beneficial properties for @entity1 health. This emblematic tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin, which has conserved a very wide germplasm estimated in more than 1,200 cultivars, is a diploid species (2n = 2x = 46) that is present in two forms, namely wild ( @entity72533 . sylvestris) and cultivated ( @entity72533 . europaea). In spite of its economic and nutritional importance, there are few data about the genetic of olive if compared with other fruit crops. Available molecular data are especially related to the application of molecular markers to the analysis of genetic variability in @entity4135 complex and to develop efficient molecular tools for the olive oil origin traceability. With regard to genomic research, in the last years efforts are made for the identification of expressed sequence tag, with particular interest in those sequences expressed during fruit development and in pollen allergens. Very recently the sequencing of chloroplast genome provided new information on the olive @entity377 sequence, opening the olive genomic era. In this article, we provide an overview of the most relevant results in olive molecular studies. A particular attention was given to DNA markers and their application that constitute the most part of published researches. The first important results in genome analysis were reported.

title: Molecular studies in olive ( XXXX .): overview on DNA markers applications and recent advances in genome analysis.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4135 :: ('4146', 'Species') :: ['Olea europaea L', 'Olea europaea']

entities_list: @entity72533 :: ('158383', 'Species') :: ['Olea europaea subsp. europaea var']

answer: @entity4135 :: (4146,Species) :: ['Olea europaea L']