abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify computer extracted in vivo dynamic contrast enhanced ( @entity9150 ) MRI markers associated with quantitative histomorphometric (QH) characteristics of microvessels and Gleason scores (GS) in @entity263 . METHODS: This study considered retrospective data from 23 biopsy confirmed @entity263 @entity1 who underwent 3 Tesla multiparametric MRI before radical prostatectomy (RP). Representative slices from RP specimens were stained with vascular marker @entity2279 . @entity5 extent was mapped from RP sections onto @entity9150 MRI using nonlinear registration methods. Seventy-seven microvessel QH features and 18 @entity9150 MRI kinetic features were extracted and evaluated for their ability to distinguish low from intermediate and high GS. The effect of temporal sampling on kinetic features was assessed and correlations between those robust to temporal resolution and microvessel features discriminative of GS were examined. RESULTS: A total of 12 microvessel architectural features were discriminative of low and intermediate/high grade @entity5 with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) > 0.7. These features were most highly correlated with mean @entity34004 ( @entity34004 ) (max rho = -0.62). Independent analysis revealed @entity34004 to be moderately robust to temporal resolution (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.63) and @entity34004 variance, which was poorly correlated with microvessel features, to be predictive of low grade @entity5 (AUC = 0.77). Enhancement ratio was the most robust (ICC = 0.96) and discriminative (AUC = 0.78) kinetic feature but was moderately correlated with microvessel features (max rho = -0.52). CONCLUSION: Computer extracted features of prostate @entity9150 MRI appear to be correlated with microvessel architecture and may be discriminative of low versus intermediate and high GS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Identifying in vivo XXXX MRI markers associated with microvessel architecture and gleason grades of @entity263 .

answer: @entity9150 :: (1718,Gene) :: ['DCE']


abstract: Samples of forage fragments were obtained from the upper (RUS) and lower (RLS) strata of the reticulorumen and feces (F) of four Brahman X Jersey steers grazing Coastal bermudagrass (CB) of two maturities with @entity62 ( @entity62 ) of 54.8 and 64.3%. Forage fragments were separated by particle size and evaluated histochemically for tissue type and fragmentation pattern. Fragmentation pattern was similar to that previously observed due to ingestive mastication. There was longitudinal separation of vascular bundles (VB) and severing at VB ends. Microscopically, similar size fragments from RUS were indistinguishable from those of RLS. The major difference between RUS and RLS was the distribution of different size particles. Larger particles were associated with the RUS in @entity291 consuming immature and mature CB. More large particles were associated with mature compared with the immature CB in the RUS and RLS. The distribution of different size particles in the F was similar for both maturities, suggesting that similar particle size reduction was required regardless of maturity. Smaller particles in the rumen and F appeared to contain more lignin (determined histochemically) and were composed of indigestible fragments of cuticle and lignified vascular tissue. @entity291 grazing mature CB had higher ruminal fills (2.40 vs 2.02 kg dry matter/100 kg body weight), reduced rates of passage and lower @entity2798 (2.50 vs 3.14 kg DM/100 kg body weight). Lower intake of mature CB may have resulted from a reduced rate of particle size reduction. Similarities in fragmentation patterns due to ingestive and ruminative mastication were interpreted to indicate that mastication was responsible for most of the particle size reduction of CB and that mastication facilitated digestion of potentially digestible tissues.

title: Fragmentation and flow of grazed coastal Bermudagrass through the digestive tract of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['dry matter digestibilities', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary intake']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The standard assessment method for @entity400 severity in @entity191 is visual observation by neurologists using clinical rating scales. This is, therefore, a subjective rating that is dependent on clinical expertise. The objective of this study was to report clinicians' tendencies to under-rate Parkinsonian @entity400 in the less affected hand. This was observed through objective @entity400 measurement with accelerometers. @entity400 amplitudes were measured objectively using tri-axis-accelerometers for both hands simultaneously in 53 @entity1 with @entity191 during resting and postural @entity400 . The videotaped @entity400 was rated by neurologists using clinical rating scales. The @entity400 measured by accelerometer was compared with clinical ratings. Neurologists tended to under-rate the less affected hand in resting @entity400 when the contralateral hand had severe @entity400 in Session I. The participating neurologists corrected this tendency in Session II after being informed of it. The under-rating tendency was then repeated by other uninformed neurologists in Session III. Kappa statistics showed high inter-rater agreements and high agreements between estimated scores derived from the accelerometer signals and the mean Clinical @entity400 Rating Scale evaluated in every session. Therefore, clinicians need to be aware of this under-rating tendency in visual inspection of the less affected hand in order to make accurate @entity400 severity assessments.

title: Clinicians' Tendencies to Under-Rate XXXX in the Less Affected Hand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Tremor', 'tremor', 'tremors']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinsonian Tremors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pauwels classification has long been used in @entity2249 to measure the inclination of the @entity174 line and is still widely used. In recent years, however, some studies have contested the reliability of this measurement method. This study investigates modified measurement method to assess the inclination angle with assisted parameters to evaluate the correlation between the different angles and the incidences of loss of reduction, nonunion and @entity2530 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the clinical data of 209 relatively young @entity1 (between 20 and 60 years old) with intracapsular @entity2249 fixed by inverted triangular screws between January 2004 and December 2010, including 111 males and 98 females, with an average age of 47.08  9.93 years. Using the modified measurement method, the pre-operative inclination angles of @entity1 with intracapsular @entity2249 were analyzed. The measured angles were classified into three types: type I, <30 degrees; type II, 30-50 degrees; and type III, >50 degrees. RESULTS: With regard to loss of reduction, nonunion and @entity2530 , there were no significant differences with respect to age, sex and @entity174 side. However, there were significant differences with respect to @entity174 type, reduction quality and different modified Pauwels types. In the multiple regression analysis, the factors associated with loss of reduction were the @entity174 type (odds ratio [OR]=7.22), reduction quality (anatomic vs unacceptable reduction, OR=0.11; acceptable vs unacceptable reduction, OR=0.23), and modified Pauwels type (type II vs type III, OR=0.36). The factors associated with @entity174 nonunion were the @entity174 type (OR=9.43), reduction quality (acceptable vs unacceptable reduction, OR=0.17) and modified Pauwels type (type II vs type III, OR=0.22). And the factors associated with @entity2530 were the modified Pauwels type (type I vs type III, OR=0.15; type II vs type III, OR=0.36). CONCLUSIONS: A displaced @entity174 , poor reduction quality and high modified Pauwels type are noted risk factors for loss of reduction and @entity174 nonunion in the post-operative follow up of intracapsular @entity2249 . The modified Pauwels type is also noted a risk factor for @entity2530 . Thus, this modified method is a useful tool for correcting the deficiencies of traditional Pauwels classification and predicting the outcome of @entity2249 .

title: Using a modified Pauwels method to predict the outcome of XXXX in relatively young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pauwels classification has long been used in @entity2249 to measure the inclination of the @entity174 line and is still widely used. In recent years, however, some studies have contested the reliability of this measurement method. This study investigates modified measurement method to assess the inclination angle with assisted parameters to evaluate the correlation between the different angles and the incidences of loss of reduction, nonunion and @entity2530 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyse the clinical data of 209 relatively young @entity1 (between 20 and 60 years old) with intracapsular @entity2249 fixed by inverted triangular screws between January 2004 and December 2010, including 111 males and 98 females, with an average age of 47.08  9.93 years. Using the modified measurement method, the pre-operative inclination angles of @entity1 with intracapsular @entity2249 were analyzed. The measured angles were classified into three types: type I, <30 degrees; type II, 30-50 degrees; and type III, >50 degrees. RESULTS: With regard to loss of reduction, nonunion and @entity2530 , there were no significant differences with respect to age, sex and @entity174 side. However, there were significant differences with respect to @entity174 type, reduction quality and different modified Pauwels types. In the multiple regression analysis, the factors associated with loss of reduction were the @entity174 type (odds ratio [OR]=7.22), reduction quality (anatomic vs unacceptable reduction, OR=0.11; acceptable vs unacceptable reduction, OR=0.23), and modified Pauwels type (type II vs type III, OR=0.36). The factors associated with @entity174 nonunion were the @entity174 type (OR=9.43), reduction quality (acceptable vs unacceptable reduction, OR=0.17) and modified Pauwels type (type II vs type III, OR=0.22). And the factors associated with @entity2530 were the modified Pauwels type (type I vs type III, OR=0.15; type II vs type III, OR=0.36). CONCLUSIONS: A displaced @entity174 , poor reduction quality and high modified Pauwels type are noted risk factors for loss of reduction and @entity174 nonunion in the post-operative follow up of intracapsular @entity2249 . The modified Pauwels type is also noted a risk factor for @entity2530 . Thus, this modified method is a useful tool for correcting the deficiencies of traditional Pauwels classification and predicting the outcome of @entity2249 .

title: Using a modified Pauwels method to predict the outcome of @entity2249 in relatively young XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the influence of individual surgeons and pathologists on examining an adequate (i.e. >= 10) number of lymph nodes in @entity694 resection specimens. @entity1 AND METHODS: The number of lymph nodes was evaluated in surgically treated @entity1 for @entity694 at our hospital from 2008 through 2010, excluding @entity1 who had received neo-adjuvant treatment. The @entity1 group consisted of 156 @entity1 with a median age of 73 (interquartile range (IQR) 63-82 years) and a median of 12 lymph nodes per @entity1 (IQR 8-15). In 106 @entity1 (67.9%), 10 or more nodes were histopathologically examined. RESULTS: At univariate analysis, the examination of >= 10 nodes was influenced by @entity5 size (p = 0.05), @entity5 location (p = 0.015), type of resection (p = 0.034), individual surgeon (p = 0.023), and pathologist (p = 0.005). Neither individual surgeons nor pathologists did statistically and significantly influence the chance of finding an N+ status. Age (p = 0.044), type of resection (p = 0.007), individual surgeon (p = 0.012) and pathologist (p = 0.004) were independent prognostic factors in a multivariate model for finding >= 10 nodes. CONCLUSION: Though @entity5 staging was not affected in this study, individual efforts by surgeons and pathologists play a critical role in achieving optimal lymph node yield through conventional methods.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Lymph Node Yield in XXXX : Individuals Can Make the Difference.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on nonsurgical treatment of @entity1 with @entity7278 by means of scaling and root planing (SRP) with or without adjuncts. METHODS: A panel of experts convened by the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs conducted a search of PubMed (MEDLINE) and Embase for randomized controlled trials of SRP with or without the use of adjuncts with clinical attachment level (CAL) outcomes in trials at least 6 months in duration and published in English through July 2014. The authors assessed individual study bias by using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and conducted meta-analyses to obtain the summary effect estimates and their precision and to assess heterogeneity. The authors used funnel plots and Egger tests to assess publication bias when there were more than 10 studies. The authors used a modified version of the US Preventive Services Task Force methods to assess the overall level of certainty in the evidence. RESULTS: The panel included 72 articles on the effectiveness of SRP with or without the following: systemic antimicrobials, a systemic host modulator (subantimicrobial-dose @entity3403 ), locally delivered antimicrobials ( @entity1216 chips, @entity3403 hyclate gel, and @entity1214 microspheres), and a variety of nonsurgical lasers (photodynamic therapy with a diode laser, a diode laser, @entity3278 :yttrium- @entity3775 -garnet lasers, and erbium lasers). CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: With a moderate level of certainty, the panel found approximately a 0.5-millimeter average improvement in CAL with SRP. Combinations of SRP with assorted adjuncts resulted in a range of average CAL improvements between 0.2 and 0.6 mm over SRP alone. The panel judged the following 4 adjunctive therapies as beneficial with a moderate level of certainty: systemic subantimicrobial-dose @entity3403 , systemic antimicrobials, @entity1216 chips, and photodynamic therapy with a diode laser. There was a low level of certainty in the benefits of the other included adjunctive therapies. The panel provides clinical recommendations in the associated clinical practice guideline.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis on the nonsurgical treatment of XXXX by means of scaling and root planing with or without adjuncts.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['neodymium']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exhaled breath temperature (EBT) has recently been proposed as a noninvasive marker of @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity565 . However, the usefulness of EBT in everyday clinical practice is not well established. Results to date are contradictory and are mainly derived from small, pediatric populations. A comparison of results is further complicated by the use of different equipment and measurements. OBJECTIVE: We performed a comprehensive study to determine whether EBT is related to @entity565 control, disease severity, @entity2488 . METHODS: Sixty-nine @entity1 on maintenance treatment for @entity565 were included in a cross-sectional study. At the same visit, we measured the EBT plateau (EBTp) using an X-halo Breath Thermometer (Delmedica, Singapore), the fraction of exhaled @entity842 (FeNO), spirometry, and inflammatory cell count in induced sputum, and we administered the Asthma Control Test questionnaire. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between EBTp measurements and the level of @entity565 control, disease severity, @entity2488 , FeNO levels, or inflammatory @entity565 phenotypes. We found a significant difference between EBTp and gender. The EBTp was 34.07  C (SD 0.74) in @entity1 and 34.38  C (0.46) in @entity1 (p = 0.038). We also found a significant correlation between EBTp measurements and the induced sputum eosinophil count (R = -0.348, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study do not support the usefulness of the EBTp in @entity565 management in routine clinical practice. Further research using standardized methods is needed to determine the potential use of the EBTp measurement in @entity565 management.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Usefulness of the Exhaled Breath Temperature Plateau in Asthma XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial obstruction', 'bronchial obstruction, or bronchial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) using a three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL). We aimed to study the effects of different post label delay on the resulting CBF maps and to investigate the characteristics and clinical applications of brain perfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity195 @entity1 and nineteen healthy control subjects were recruited. 3D PCASL was performed using a 3.0T MR scanner. ASL was performed twice with different @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). Comparisons of CBF were made between @entity195 @entity1 and healthy control subjects respectively with @entity1005 of 1.5s and @entity1005 of 2.5s. Relationship between the CBF values and cognition was investigated using correlation analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated for CBF measurements in posterior cingulate region. RESULT: @entity195 @entity1 with @entity1005 of 1.5s showed lower CBF values primarily in bilateral temporal lobes, precuneus, middle and posterior cingulate gyri, left inferior parietal gyrus, left angular gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus. Lowered cerebral values were also observed in similar regions with @entity1005 of 2.5s, but the clusters of voxel were smaller. CBF values were associated with cognition scores in most of gyri mentioned above. CONCLUSION: Hypoperfusion areas were observed in @entity195 @entity1 . @entity1005 of 1.5s was sufficient to display CBF. Considering the complicated @entity195 pathology, multiple PLDs are strongly recommended.

title: Different post label delay cerebral blood flow measurements in @entity1 with XXXX using 3D arterial spin labeling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post label delays', 'PLD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) using a three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL). We aimed to study the effects of different post label delay on the resulting CBF maps and to investigate the characteristics and clinical applications of brain perfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity195 @entity1 and nineteen healthy control subjects were recruited. 3D PCASL was performed using a 3.0T MR scanner. ASL was performed twice with different @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). Comparisons of CBF were made between @entity195 @entity1 and healthy control subjects respectively with @entity1005 of 1.5s and @entity1005 of 2.5s. Relationship between the CBF values and cognition was investigated using correlation analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated for CBF measurements in posterior cingulate region. RESULT: @entity195 @entity1 with @entity1005 of 1.5s showed lower CBF values primarily in bilateral temporal lobes, precuneus, middle and posterior cingulate gyri, left inferior parietal gyrus, left angular gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus. Lowered cerebral values were also observed in similar regions with @entity1005 of 2.5s, but the clusters of voxel were smaller. CBF values were associated with cognition scores in most of gyri mentioned above. CONCLUSION: Hypoperfusion areas were observed in @entity195 @entity1 . @entity1005 of 1.5s was sufficient to display CBF. Considering the complicated @entity195 pathology, multiple PLDs are strongly recommended.

title: Different post label delay cerebral blood flow measurements in XXXX with @entity195 using 3D arterial spin labeling.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The development and subsequent deterioration of @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ) is a common occurrence across all healthcare divides, concerning all @entity1 groups, age, gender and social environments. It increases demand on clinical resources and creates unnecessary hardship for @entity1 . Chronic @entity4760 is challenging to prevent and notoriously difficult to manage owing to the complex nature of the @entity1 and the disease itself. The improvement of oxygenation to many chronic wound groups is gaining momentum across wound care; particularly in those wounds such as @entity4760 that present with circulatory, @entity26 -deficient scenarios. METHOD: A descriptive evaluation was undertaken in an acute clinical setting where a spray solution containing purified haemoglobin was used in a cohort of 20 @entity1 who presented with chronic (>12 weeks) @entity4760 . Standard wound care was undertaken by 18 health professionals with no changes to products, devices or practice before evaluation. All wounds received the addition of the product on eight set occasions over a 4-week period and the resulting data correlated in regards to the set outcomes of wound surface area reduction, ease of use, adverse events and @entity1 acceptability. RESULTS: At 4 weeks all wounds had demonstrated positive wound reduction, there were no adverse events, all @entity1 and clinicians found the product acceptable and easy to use. Interestingly, although not a set outcome, all wounds commenced the evaluation with wound-bed slough present and at 4 weeks 100% were deemed slough free. At a further 4-week review no @entity1 wounds had regressed. CONCLUSION: The incorporation of a haemoglobin spray solution within this cohort of @entity4760 resulted in a positive improvement in wound healing and slough elimination. Further work in this area is recommended to increase the evidence.

title: Topical haemoglobin spray for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['DFU', 'diabetic foot ulceration']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulceration']


abstract: Free scapular flaps are suitable for many @entity1746 applications and often provide excellent contour reproduction and appearance. However, when the soft tissue defect of the lower leg is extensive and complicated there may not be vessels in the recipient site suitable to be anastomosed. A cross-leg pedicled free @entity1912 technique can be applied in this situation. This study extends the indications and reports a successful experience using cross-leg pedicled free scapular @entity1912 to cover an extensive soft tissue defect with tibial bone exposure of the lower leg. This study involved 24 @entity1 between May 2000 and October 2005. Wounds were caused by accident (6 @entity1 ), burn (2 @entity1 ), @entity8425 (3 @entity1 ), and fall (2 @entity1 ). The defects ranged in size from 8 cm x 15 cm to 15 cm x 30 cm. All @entity1 were treated with free scapular flaps to cover the defects and the vessels of the free scapular flaps were anastomosed with the dorsalis pedis vessels of contralateral leg in order to provide temporary blood supply. Both legs were fixed in a cross-leg position by plaster cast. The pedicle was divided after 4 to 5 weeks and the donor site of dorsum pedis was re-sutured. Blood supply was re-established in all 13 @entity1 . All free scapular flaps survived and the defects were covered completely. The defective lower extremities regained function with no deformities in donor sites of the contralateral lower leg. The authors believe that use of the cross-leg pedicled free scapular @entity1912 in @entity1 with a difficult @entity1746 wound with extensive tissue defect and tibial bone exposure is a worthwhile procedure and should be attempted if possible. The scapular @entity1912 has several advantages applicable to the cross-leg pedicled free @entity1912 technique. Although the operation is divided into 2 stages, it solves the problem and can offer temporary blood supply when there is no vessel for @entity254 in the recipient site, which decreases the risk of microanastomosis and produces good results.

title: Cross-leg Pedicled Free Scapular XXXX for the Repair of Extensive Soft Tissue Defect with Tibial Bone Exposure.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['electrical injury']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: A 55-year-old previously healthy @entity1 was referred to our cardiology outpatient department (by the respiratory team) due to @entity1353 that started 2-3   months prior. He suddenly became breathless after changing a car wheel with no other associated symptoms. Specifically, he denied ever having had @entity662 . His breathlessness got gradually worse preventing him from performing simple everyday activities, such as climbing stairs, and a couple of weeks before presentation, the @entity1 noticed ankle @entity4 . He was an ex-smoker and drank 3-4   units of @entity285 daily. There was a family history of @entity101 . He worked as a contract manager in the construction industry. After clinical examination, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed and the @entity1 was admitted for further investigations. Clinical examination and investigation confirmed missed @entity583 with a complication of @entity439 . The @entity1 was referred to cardiothoracic surgeons for surgical correction of the defect.

title: Silent broken heart (Can XXXX be the only presentation of @entity583 ?).

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['shortness of breath']


abstract: A 55-year-old previously healthy @entity1 was referred to our cardiology outpatient department (by the respiratory team) due to @entity1353 that started 2-3   months prior. He suddenly became breathless after changing a car wheel with no other associated symptoms. Specifically, he denied ever having had @entity662 . His breathlessness got gradually worse preventing him from performing simple everyday activities, such as climbing stairs, and a couple of weeks before presentation, the @entity1 noticed ankle @entity4 . He was an ex-smoker and drank 3-4   units of @entity285 daily. There was a family history of @entity101 . He worked as a contract manager in the construction industry. After clinical examination, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed and the @entity1 was admitted for further investigations. Clinical examination and investigation confirmed missed @entity583 with a complication of @entity439 . The @entity1 was referred to cardiothoracic surgeons for surgical correction of the defect.

title: Silent broken heart (Can @entity1353 be the only presentation of XXXX ?).

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional nutritional supplements are not or only partly successful in inducing protein accretion in @entity5 , suggesting an attenuated anabolic response. To prevent @entity2057 and its deleterious consequences, generating an anabolic response is crucial. Dietary essential @entity3534 (EAA) have anabolic properties in other @entity5653 ; however, data in @entity5 are lacking. @entity1 AND METHODS: In 13 @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) (stage III and IV) and 11 healthy age-matched subjects, we measured protein synthesis and breakdown of the whole body, and net protein anabolism (difference between protein synthesis and breakdown) after intake of 14 g of free EAA with high @entity368 levels (EAA/ @entity368 ) versus a balanced @entity3689 mixture containing both EAA and non-EAA as present in whey protein, according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. RESULTS: Protein synthesis and net protein anabolism were higher after intake of the EAA/ @entity368 than the balanced @entity3689 mixture (P < 0.001), independent of presence of @entity5 . A highly significant linear relationship between net protein anabolism and the amount of EAA available in the systemic circulation (R(2): 0.85, P < 0.001) was found in both groups. The presence of muscle or recent weight loss, systemic inflammatory response, or length of survival did not influence this relationship. High @entity368 levels in the EAA/ @entity368 mixture was of no anabolic benefit. CONCLUSIONS: There is no anabolic resistance or attenuated anabolic potential to intake of 14 g of EAA/ @entity368 or balanced @entity3689 mixture in advanced (mainly stage III) @entity1149 . The high anabolic potential of dietary EAA in @entity5 @entity1 is independent of their nutritional status, systemic inflammatory response or disease trajectory, suggesting a key role of EAA in new nutritional approaches to prevent @entity121 , thereby improving outcome of @entity1 with @entity5 . CLINICALTRAILSGOV: NCT01172314.

title: High anabolic potential of essential XXXX mixtures in advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle loss']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['wasting diseases']

answer: @entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional nutritional supplements are not or only partly successful in inducing protein accretion in @entity5 , suggesting an attenuated anabolic response. To prevent @entity2057 and its deleterious consequences, generating an anabolic response is crucial. Dietary essential @entity3534 (EAA) have anabolic properties in other @entity5653 ; however, data in @entity5 are lacking. @entity1 AND METHODS: In 13 @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) (stage III and IV) and 11 healthy age-matched subjects, we measured protein synthesis and breakdown of the whole body, and net protein anabolism (difference between protein synthesis and breakdown) after intake of 14 g of free EAA with high @entity368 levels (EAA/ @entity368 ) versus a balanced @entity3689 mixture containing both EAA and non-EAA as present in whey protein, according to a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. RESULTS: Protein synthesis and net protein anabolism were higher after intake of the EAA/ @entity368 than the balanced @entity3689 mixture (P < 0.001), independent of presence of @entity5 . A highly significant linear relationship between net protein anabolism and the amount of EAA available in the systemic circulation (R(2): 0.85, P < 0.001) was found in both groups. The presence of muscle or recent weight loss, systemic inflammatory response, or length of survival did not influence this relationship. High @entity368 levels in the EAA/ @entity368 mixture was of no anabolic benefit. CONCLUSIONS: There is no anabolic resistance or attenuated anabolic potential to intake of 14 g of EAA/ @entity368 or balanced @entity3689 mixture in advanced (mainly stage III) @entity1149 . The high anabolic potential of dietary EAA in @entity5 @entity1 is independent of their nutritional status, systemic inflammatory response or disease trajectory, suggesting a key role of EAA in new nutritional approaches to prevent @entity121 , thereby improving outcome of @entity1 with @entity5 . CLINICALTRAILSGOV: NCT01172314.

title: High anabolic potential of essential @entity3689 mixtures in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The introduction of central venous catheters has advanced medical care, particularly in hemato-oncology. However these can be associated with an increased @entity715 risk. Previous studies have compared the rate of @entity715 events between peripherally- inserted (PICCs) and long term skin tunneled catheters (LTSTCs) noting fewer complications associated with the latter, though this has rarely translated into clinical practice. The objectives of our study was to compare the cumulative incidence of @entity715 events between peripherally-inserted and long term skin tunneled venous catheters. @entity1 /METHODS: We performed a retrospective, single center cohort analysis of @entity1 with @entity1583 who had either a PICC or LTSTC line inserted between January 2010 through January 2013. Cumulative incidences of @entity715 events were compared between the two groups, and post- @entity715 complications were also examined. RESULTS: 346 @entity1 had a PICC inserted with cumulative incidence of symptomatic @entity715 of 5.8%, while 237 @entity1 had a LTSTC inserted with a cumulative incidence of 1.7% (p   =   0.003). Post- @entity715 complication rates, particularly @entity281 , were higher in the PICC group compared to the LTSTC group (p   =   0.597). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the incidence of @entity715 events in hemato-oncology @entity1 was significantly lower in those who had a LTSTC compared to PICC line. As the use of central venous lines increases in hemato-oncology @entity1 care, a randomized trial comparing PICCs and LTSTCs is necessary to address which venous access is most appropriate in this cohort of @entity1 , with minimal risk of morbidity and mortality.

title: Retrospective cohort analysis comparing the incidence of deep vein thromboses between peripherally-inserted and long-term skin tunneled venous catheters in hemato-oncology XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In @entity1 with small central recurrences following radiation therapy for @entity5 the surgeon may have to make a judgment as to when radical hysterectomy is preferable to exenteration. During the years 1968-1984 there were 21 radical hysterectomies performed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center for recurrent @entity5 . The original clinical stage distribution is as follows: IB-4, IIA-4, IIB-11, IIIB-1, IVA-1. The median interval from initial diagnosis to recurrence was 10 months. There were two operative deaths; both were from sepsis. Ten of the 21 @entity1 developed @entity86 , with 9 requiring surgical diversion of the urinary or both urinary and intestinal tracts. Thirteen of 21 @entity1 (62%) have survived with a median follow-up of 73 months. Seven @entity1 @entity158 following radical hysterectomy. All developed recurrence in the central pelvis. Four had sidewall disease as well, but none had distant disease at the time recurrence was diagnosed. Of 11 @entity1 with cervical @entity5 of 2 cm or less in size at the time of radical hysterectomy, none experienced recurrence, while among 10 @entity1 with @entity5 size of greater than 2 cm, 7 had recurrence. All @entity1 whose initial clinical stage was IB or IIA have survived without recurrence. There was only 1 survivor among 5 @entity1 with positive parametrial or vaginal margins. Six of the 13 survivors required urinary diversion, and 2 required colostomy as well. Radical hysterectomy for this indication is a morbid procedure which should be undertaken only by the most experienced of pelvic surgeons and limited to @entity1 of early clinical stage with central recurrences of less than 2 cm in size.

title: Radical hysterectomy for recurrent XXXX following radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fistulas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['suffered recurrences']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: The absolute oral bioavailability of @entity3761 ( @entity15353 ) was established in @entity235 and healthy volunteers by comparing AUC's after oral and intravenous administration. Five female inbred beagles each received 100 mg @entity15353 orally and intravenously as a bolus injection in a randomized cross-over study. @entity15353 serum concentrations were determined using HPLC. After both routes of administration, linear pharmacokinetics were observed, the elimination half-life (t1/2) amounting between 5.8 and 10.2 h. After oral administration, AUC values between 56.1 and 99.2 mg X h X l-1 were found, while after intravenous administration AUC's were between 63.5 and 98.1 mg X h X l-1. The absolute oral bioavailability, corrected for differences in t1/2, averaged 107 +/- 9% (SD). A similar study was carried out in 2 female and 3 male healthy volunteers. The intravenous dose was reduced to 50 mg and given as an infusion. Pharmacokinetics were linear after both routes of administration. The t1/2 values amounted between 15.6 and 30.4 h. AUC's ranged from 24.0 to 75.4 mg X h X l-1 after oral administration and from 13.3 to 37.5 mg X h X l-1 after intravenous infusion of half of the oral dose. The absolute, t1/2-corrected oral bioavailability was calculated to be 86 to 104%. Complete bioavailability of @entity15353 was demonstrated in @entity235 and healthy volunteers. The method used in this study might help to detect possible @entity15353 in @entity1201 and @entity14086 @entity1 .

title: The absolute oral bioavailability of XXXX in @entity235 and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity15353 :: ('MESH:C535808', 'Disease') :: ['DDS malabsorption', 'DDS']

entities_list: @entity14086 :: ('MESH:D003874', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis herpetiformis']

answer: @entity3761 :: (MESH:D003622,Chemical) :: ['dapsone']


abstract: The absolute oral bioavailability of @entity3761 ( @entity15353 ) was established in @entity235 and healthy volunteers by comparing AUC's after oral and intravenous administration. Five female inbred beagles each received 100 mg @entity15353 orally and intravenously as a bolus injection in a randomized cross-over study. @entity15353 serum concentrations were determined using HPLC. After both routes of administration, linear pharmacokinetics were observed, the elimination half-life (t1/2) amounting between 5.8 and 10.2 h. After oral administration, AUC values between 56.1 and 99.2 mg X h X l-1 were found, while after intravenous administration AUC's were between 63.5 and 98.1 mg X h X l-1. The absolute oral bioavailability, corrected for differences in t1/2, averaged 107 +/- 9% (SD). A similar study was carried out in 2 female and 3 male healthy volunteers. The intravenous dose was reduced to 50 mg and given as an infusion. Pharmacokinetics were linear after both routes of administration. The t1/2 values amounted between 15.6 and 30.4 h. AUC's ranged from 24.0 to 75.4 mg X h X l-1 after oral administration and from 13.3 to 37.5 mg X h X l-1 after intravenous infusion of half of the oral dose. The absolute, t1/2-corrected oral bioavailability was calculated to be 86 to 104%. Complete bioavailability of @entity15353 was demonstrated in @entity235 and healthy volunteers. The method used in this study might help to detect possible @entity15353 in @entity1201 and @entity14086 @entity1 .

title: The absolute oral bioavailability of @entity3761 in XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The absolute oral bioavailability of @entity3761 ( @entity15353 ) was established in @entity235 and healthy volunteers by comparing AUC's after oral and intravenous administration. Five female inbred beagles each received 100 mg @entity15353 orally and intravenously as a bolus injection in a randomized cross-over study. @entity15353 serum concentrations were determined using HPLC. After both routes of administration, linear pharmacokinetics were observed, the elimination half-life (t1/2) amounting between 5.8 and 10.2 h. After oral administration, AUC values between 56.1 and 99.2 mg X h X l-1 were found, while after intravenous administration AUC's were between 63.5 and 98.1 mg X h X l-1. The absolute oral bioavailability, corrected for differences in t1/2, averaged 107 +/- 9% (SD). A similar study was carried out in 2 female and 3 male healthy volunteers. The intravenous dose was reduced to 50 mg and given as an infusion. Pharmacokinetics were linear after both routes of administration. The t1/2 values amounted between 15.6 and 30.4 h. AUC's ranged from 24.0 to 75.4 mg X h X l-1 after oral administration and from 13.3 to 37.5 mg X h X l-1 after intravenous infusion of half of the oral dose. The absolute, t1/2-corrected oral bioavailability was calculated to be 86 to 104%. Complete bioavailability of @entity15353 was demonstrated in @entity235 and healthy volunteers. The method used in this study might help to detect possible @entity15353 in @entity1201 and @entity14086 @entity1 .

title: The absolute oral bioavailability of @entity3761 in @entity235 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circadian rhythms are 24 hour oscillations in many behavioural, physiological, cellular and molecular processes that are controlled by an endogenous clock which is entrained to environmental factors including light, food and stress. Transcriptional analyses of circadian patterns demonstrate that genes showing circadian rhythms are part of a wide variety of biological pathways.Pathway activity method can identify the significant pattern of the gene expression levels within a pathway. In this method, the overall gene expression levels are translated to a reduced form, pathway activity levels, via singular value decomposition (SVD). A given pathway represented by pathway activity levels can then be as analyzed using the same approaches used for analyzing gene expression levels. We propose to use pathway activity method across time to identify underlying circadian pattern of pathways. RESULTS: We used synthetic data to demonstrate that pathway activity analysis can evaluate the underlying circadian pattern within a pathway even when circadian patterns cannot be captured by the individual gene expression levels. In addition, we illustrated that pathway activity formulation should be coupled with a significance analysis to distinguish biologically significant information from random deviations. Next, we performed pathway activity level analysis on a rich time series of transcriptional profiling in @entity35 liver. The over-represented five specific patterns of pathway activity levels, which cannot be explained by random event, exhibited circadian rhythms. The identification of the circadian signatures at the pathway level identified 78 pathways related to energy metabolism, @entity535 metabolism, lipid metabolism and DNA replication and protein synthesis, which are biologically relevant in @entity35 liver. Further, we observed tight coordination between @entity165 biosynthesis and @entity6741 biosynthesis as well as between @entity1501 biosynthesis, one @entity505 pool by @entity1501 and @entity10043 - @entity7391 metabolism. These coupled pathways are parts of a sequential reaction series where the product of one pathway is the substrate of another pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Rather than assessing the importance of a single gene beforehand and map these genes onto pathways, we instead examined the orchestrated change within a pathway. Pathway activity level analysis could reveal the underlying circadian dynamics in the microarray data with an unsupervised approach and biologically relevant results were obtained.

title: Circadian signatures in XXXX liver: from gene expression to pathways.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Data sourcesCochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science Conference Proceedings, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, US National Institutes of Health Trials Register (http://clinicaltrials.gov) and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. No language or year restrictions were used.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials assessing the effects of @entity8372 products on dental @entity1547 in @entity1 and adults.Data extraction and synthesisTwo review authors independently screened the results of the electronic searches, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Authors were contacted where possible for missing data or clarification where feasible. For continuous outcomes, means and standard deviations were used to obtain the mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI). Continuous data was used to calculate prevented fractions (PF) and 95% CIs to summarise the percentage reduction in @entity1547 . For dichotomous outcomes, reported risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs were used. As there were fewer than four studies included in the meta-analysis, a fixed effect model was used.ResultsTen studies were included with a total of 5903 @entity1 . One study was assessed as being at low risk of bias, two were assessed as unclear risk of bias with seven at high risk of bias. Over 2.5-3 years, low quality evidence demonstrated that with 4216 @entity1 analysed, a @entity1388 toothpaste with 10% @entity8372 (exact dosage unsure) reduced @entity1547 by 13% when compared to a @entity1388 only toothpaste. (PF -0.13, 95% CI -0.18 to -0.08. Remaining evidence of the use of @entity8372 in @entity1 has risk of bias and uncertainty of effect and was therefore insufficient to determine a benefit from @entity8372 . Four studies reported that there were no adverse effects from any of the interventions. Two studies reported similar rates of adverse effects between study arms. The remaining studies either mentioned adverse effects but did not report any usable data, or did not mention them at all. Adverse effects include sores in the mouth, cramps, bloating, @entity1142 , flatulence and loose stool or @entity294 .ConclusionsLow quality evidence suggested that @entity1388 toothpaste containing @entity8372 may be more effective than @entity1388 -only toothpaste for preventing @entity1547 in the permanent teeth of @entity1 . The effect estimate should be interpreted with caution due to high risk of bias and the fact that it was derived from two studies that were carried out by the same authors in the same population. The remaining evidence was low to very low quality and is insufficient to determine whether any other @entity8372 -containing products can prevent @entity1547 in @entity1 , older @entity1 or adults.

title: @entity8372 and XXXX prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['caries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Data sourcesCochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science Conference Proceedings, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, US National Institutes of Health Trials Register (http://clinicaltrials.gov) and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. No language or year restrictions were used.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials assessing the effects of @entity8372 products on dental @entity1547 in @entity1 and adults.Data extraction and synthesisTwo review authors independently screened the results of the electronic searches, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Authors were contacted where possible for missing data or clarification where feasible. For continuous outcomes, means and standard deviations were used to obtain the mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI). Continuous data was used to calculate prevented fractions (PF) and 95% CIs to summarise the percentage reduction in @entity1547 . For dichotomous outcomes, reported risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs were used. As there were fewer than four studies included in the meta-analysis, a fixed effect model was used.ResultsTen studies were included with a total of 5903 @entity1 . One study was assessed as being at low risk of bias, two were assessed as unclear risk of bias with seven at high risk of bias. Over 2.5-3 years, low quality evidence demonstrated that with 4216 @entity1 analysed, a @entity1388 toothpaste with 10% @entity8372 (exact dosage unsure) reduced @entity1547 by 13% when compared to a @entity1388 only toothpaste. (PF -0.13, 95% CI -0.18 to -0.08. Remaining evidence of the use of @entity8372 in @entity1 has risk of bias and uncertainty of effect and was therefore insufficient to determine a benefit from @entity8372 . Four studies reported that there were no adverse effects from any of the interventions. Two studies reported similar rates of adverse effects between study arms. The remaining studies either mentioned adverse effects but did not report any usable data, or did not mention them at all. Adverse effects include sores in the mouth, cramps, bloating, @entity1142 , flatulence and loose stool or @entity294 .ConclusionsLow quality evidence suggested that @entity1388 toothpaste containing @entity8372 may be more effective than @entity1388 -only toothpaste for preventing @entity1547 in the permanent teeth of @entity1 . The effect estimate should be interpreted with caution due to high risk of bias and the fact that it was derived from two studies that were carried out by the same authors in the same population. The remaining evidence was low to very low quality and is insufficient to determine whether any other @entity8372 -containing products can prevent @entity1547 in @entity1 , older @entity1 or adults.

title: XXXX and @entity1547 prevention.

answer: @entity8372 :: (MESH:D014993,Chemical) :: ['Xylitol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT In the US, race and economic status have pervasive associations with mechanisms of injury, severity of injury, management, and outcomes of @entity130 . The goal of the current study was to examine these relationships on a large scale in the setting of pediatric @entity3510 . METHODS Admissions for @entity174 without or with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), spinal dislocation, and @entity1566 without radiographic abnormality were identified in the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) and the National @entity130 Data Bank (NTDB) registry for 2009. @entity1 ranged in age from birth up to 21 years. Data from the KID were used to estimate nationwide annual incidences. Data from the NTDB were used to describe patterns of injury in relation to age, race, and payor, with corroboration from the KID. Multiple logistic regression was used to model rates of mortality and spinal fusion. RESULTS In 2009, the estimated incidence of hospital admission for @entity3510 in the US was 170 per 1 million in the population under 21 years of age. The incidence of @entity1566 was 24 per 1 million. Incidences varied regionally. Adolescents predominated. Patterns of injury varied by age, race, and payor. Black @entity1 were more severely injured than @entity1 of other races as measured by Injury Severity Scale scores. Among black @entity1 with @entity3510 in the NTDB, 23.9% suffered @entity130 ; only 1% of white @entity1 suffered @entity130 . The overall mortality rate in the NTDB was 3.9%. In a multivariate analysis that included a large panel of clinical and nonclinical factors, black race retained significance as a predictor of mortality (p = 0.006; adjusted OR 1.571 [1.141-2.163]). Rates of spinal fusion were associated with race and payor in the NTDB data and with payor in the KID: @entity1 with better insurance underwent spinal fusion at higher rates. CONCLUSIONS The epidemiology of pediatric @entity3510 in the US cannot be understood apart from considerations of race and economic status.

title: Pediatric XXXX in the US: epidemiology and disparities.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['spinal fracture']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma', 'firearm injuries']

answer: @entity3510 :: (MESH:D013124,Disease) :: ['spinal injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dengue viruses (DENV) are the causative agents of dengue, the world's most prevalent @entity3082 with around 40% of the world's population at risk of @entity281 annually. Wolbachia pipientis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is being developed as a biocontrol strategy against dengue because it limits replication of the virus in the mosquito. The @entity6475 wMel, which has been introduced into the mosquito vector, @entity4224 , has been shown to invade and spread to near fixation in field releases. Standard measures of Wolbachia's efficacy for blocking virus replication focus on the detection and quantification of virus in mosquito tissues. Examining the saliva provides a more accurate measure of transmission potential and can reveal the extrinsic incubation period (EIP), that is, the time it takes virus to arrive in the saliva following the consumption of DENV viremic blood. EIP is a key determinant of a mosquito's ability to transmit DENVs, as the earlier the virus appears in the saliva the more opportunities the mosquito will have to infect @entity1 on subsequent bites. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a non-destructive assay to repeatedly quantify DENV in saliva from wMel-infected and Wolbachia-free wild-type control mosquitoes following the consumption of a DENV-infected blood meal. We show that wMel lengthens the EIP, reduces the frequency at which the virus is expectorated and decreases the dengue copy number in mosquito saliva as compared to wild-type mosquitoes. These observations can at least be partially explained by an overall reduction in saliva produced by wMel mosquitoes. More generally, we found that the concentration of DENV in a blood meal is a determinant of the length of EIP, saliva virus titer and mosquito survival. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The saliva-based traits reported here offer more disease-relevant measures of Wolbachia's effects on the vector and the virus. The lengthening of EIP highlights another means, in addition to the reduction of @entity281 frequencies and DENV titers in mosquitoes, by which Wolbachia should operate to reduce DENV transmission in the field.

title: Wolbachia Reduces the Transmission Potential of Dengue-Infected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity3082 :: ('MESH:D004671', 'Disease') :: ['arthropod-borne disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['Wolbachia strain']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: the thermal diffusion flowmetry (TDF) is a technique that allows the measurement of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) through an implanted microprobe in a cerebral region of interest. The monitoring is continuous, real-time and quantitative (ml/100g/min). The purpose of our clinical work has been to show the technical details and preliminary results by using this monitoring technique during the microsurgical management of @entity438 and along the postoperative period. The aim of the monitoring of the rCBF is to identify and evaluate @entity63 events related with the temporary artery clipping or malposition of the final clip. CLINICAL MATERIALS: a total of five @entity1 have been monitored (4 @entity1 and one @entity1 with an average age of 50.8 years). Two @entity1 harboured one @entity439 in the middle cerebral artery, other two @entity1 had two @entity439 each one on the internal carotid artery in the exit of the posterior communicating and anterior choroidal artery and the fifth harboured a @entity3538 . All @entity1 were operated on using standard microsurgical techniques through a pterional approach. Surgery was done under neurophysiological monitoring and direct microdoppler fluometry assesment. Just before craniotomy the TDF microprobe was inserted 2.5 cm deep into the white matter through a small burr-hole placed on the coronal line and 2 cm away the midline to measure in the anterior cereral artery vascular sector and 6cm away of the midline to measure in the middle cerebral artery territory. @entity1 were under continuous monitoring during surgery and along the postoperative period in the recovery unit. A total of 14 temporary artery clippings (between 2-4) with an average total clipping time of 7.2 minutes (ranging 1.6 to 16) and 16 definitive clip replacements (ranging 2 to 8) were done at surgery. @entity1 with paraclinoid @entity439 was operated on using the retrograde aspiration technique and the internal carotid artery was kept closed 45 mimutes. keeping Some illustrative cases and demonstrative records are presented. CONCLUSIONS: the use of @entity12046 allows a quantitative real-time measurement of the rCBF in the areas of interest monitored during the microsurgical management of the @entity438 which leads to detect @entity63 events helpping to avoid @entity63 sequelae. The detection of @entity63 events in real time would make possible the use of therapeutic measures ealier and more efficienty.

title: [Using thermal diffusion flowmetry in the assesment of regional cerebral blood flow in XXXX microsurgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['paraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['cerebral aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is the most common @entity5 affecting both @entity1 and @entity1 in Australia. The illness and related treatments can cause distressing adverse effects, impact on emotional and psychological well-being, and adversely affect social, occupational, and relationship functioning. Current models of follow-up fail to address the complex needs arising after treatment completion. Strategies to better prepare and support survivors are urgently required. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop and pilot test an innovative supportive care program for @entity1 with potentially curative @entity14 . METHODS: The SurvivorCare intervention was developed by a multidisciplinary team using 3 key principles: (1) promote @entity1 involvement and engagement; (2) address the specific needs of individual @entity1 , and (3) use evidence-based strategies to promote well-being and reduce treatment sequelae. It also addressed 4 essential components of survivorship planning, defined by the US Institute of Medicine. Ten survivors completed questionnaires and satisfaction interviews before and after receiving the intervention. RESULTS: SurvivorCare comprises survivorship educational materials (booklet, @entity1741 , and question prompt list), a tailored survivorship care plan, a tailored nurse-led end-of-treatment consultation, and 3 follow-up telephone calls. Pilot data demonstrated that survivors considered the intervention appropriate, relevant, and useful. CONCLUSIONS: SurvivorCare is a well-received, comprehensive intervention that will now be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial aiming to reduce distress and unmet needs and improve quality of life in @entity14 survivors. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: If SurvivorCare is shown to be effective, it will be possible to quickly and broadly disseminate this model of care.

title: Development and pilot testing of a nurse-led posttreatment support package for bowel XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We assess the long-term effect of pulsed high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) in the treatment of the post-mastectomy @entity158 (PMPS). A total of 61 @entity1 participated in this study (30 in the laser group and 31 in the placebo laser group), with a mean age of 53.56        1.11  years. @entity1 who were randomly assigned to the laser group received HILT three times per week for 4  weeks, plus a routine physical therapy program (RPTP). The placebo laser group received placebo HILT plus RPTP. The outcomes measured were @entity158 level by visual analog scale (VAS), shoulder range of motion (ROM), and quality of life (QOL). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA with repeated measures to compare the differences between baseline and post-treatment measurements and after 12  weeks of follow-up for both groups. The level of statistical significance was set at P   <   0.05. Shoulder ROM significantly increased in the laser group after 4  weeks of treatment and after 12  weeks of follow-up compared with the placebo group. VAS results showed a significant decrease post-treatment in the laser group relative to the placebo group, and QOL results showed a significant improvement in the laser group compared with the placebo group and still improved after 12  weeks of follow-up. HILT combined with an RPTP appears to be more effective in @entity1 with PMPS than a placebo laser procedure with RPTP.

title: Long-term effect of pulsed high-intensity laser therapy in the treatment of post-mastectomy XXXX : a double blind, placebo-control, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain syndrome']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Encapsulated in vitro follicle growth (eIVFG) has great potential to provide an additional fertility preservation option for young @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity5 or other reproductive health threatening diseases. Currently, follicles are cultured for a defined period of time and analyzed as a cohort. However, follicle growth is not synchronous, and culturing follicles for insufficient or excessive times can result in compromised gamete quality. Our objective is to determine whether the selection of follicles based on size, rather than absolute culture time, better predict follicle maturity and oocyte quality. Multilayer secondary @entity19 follicles were isolated and encapsulated in 0.25% alginate. Follicles were cultured individually either for defined time periods or up to specific follicle diameter ranges, at which point several reproductive endpoints were analyzed. The metaphase II (MII) percentage after oocyte maturation on day 6 was the highest (85%) when follicles were cultured for specific days. However, if follicles were cultured to a terminal diameter of 300-350  m irrespective of absolute time in culture, 93% of the oocytes reached MII. More than 90% of MII oocytes matured from follicles with diameters of 300-350  m showed normal spindle morphology and chromosome alignment, 85% of oocytes showed 2 pronuclei after @entity52 ( @entity52 ), 81% developed into the 2-cell embryo stage, and 38% developed to the blastocyst stage, all significantly higher than the percentages in the other follicle size groups. Our study demonstrates that size-specific follicle selection can be used as a non-invasive marker to identify high quality oocytes and improve reproductive outcomes during eIVFG.

title: Size-specific follicle selection improves XXXX oocyte reproductive outcomes.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiquette surrounding the use of mobile devices, so-called "mobiquette," has been previously identified as a barrier to use in an educational context. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of mobile device use on @entity1 and staff opinions in the @entity130 and orthopedics department at a teaching hospital in Wales. METHODS: A survey of @entity1 at the bedside and staff in their work environment was undertaken. Data included age, frequency of observed use, suspected main reason for use, and whether doctors' use of a mobile device positively or negatively influenced @entity1 ' opinions of them as a professional and as a @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 59 @entity1 and 35 staff responded. The modal age range was 40 to 54 years old. Most @entity1 (78%) never see doctors using mobile devices in the workplace, compared with 3% of staff. The main reason for use was thought to be "communicating with colleagues" (48%) followed by "Internet use/applications for work reasons" (40%). Approximately 40% of @entity1 ' opinions of doctors were positively influenced by device use, compared with 82% of staff. This difference between @entity1 and staff opinions was statistically significant for both professional (P<.001) and personal (P=.002) opinions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 are likely to have a negative opinion of doctors using mobile devices in the workplace. This can be balanced by the more positive opinions of colleagues. We advise doctors to remember "mobiquette" around @entity1 .

title: Doctors and the Etiquette of Mobile Device Use in XXXX and Orthopedics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is mostly considered a bacterial disease, mainly pneumococcal. This study was conducted to document the impact of sequential 7-valent and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7; PCV13) on emergency room and hospitalization for @entity497 among @entity1 <5 years of age. METHODS: This is an ongoing prospective population-based study in southern Israel. The current analysis spans over the period July 2002 through June 2013. @entity497 was defined using the World Health Organization (WHO)'s criteria for radiologically-confirmed @entity55 . PCV7 was introduced in Israel in July 2009 and gradually replaced by PCV13 in November 2010. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( @entity1485 ) impact was calculated by comparing incidences during 3 pre-defined periods: pre- @entity1485 (2002-2008), PCV7 (2010-2011) and PCV13 (2012-2013). RESULTS: Overall, 10,142 @entity497 occurred. The annual incidences (per 1,000 inhabitants) in @entity1 <5 years old declined from a mean (  standard deviation) of 13.8  0.9 in the pre- @entity1485 period to 11.2  2.7 in the PCV7 period and 7.4 in the PCV13 period, representing a reduction of 13% and 47%, respectively. The overall decrease was significantly faster among outpatients than among hospitalized @entity1 (42% and -8%, respectively in the PCV7 period; 68% vs. 32% in hospitalized @entity1 in the PCV13 period). While in @entity1 12-23 months a significant decline was observed during the PCV7 and PCV13 periods, significant declines in @entity497 rates were observed only during the PCV13 period in the <12 months and 24-59 months age groups (44% and 46%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A moderate decline in @entity497 in @entity1 <5 years old was observed after PCV7 introduction. In contrast, after PCV13 introduction a substantial reduction in all visits was evident.

title: Impact of PCV7/PCV13 introduction on community-acquired XXXX in @entity1 <5 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['A-CAP', 'Alveolar community-acquired pneumonia', 'A-CAP episodes', 'hospital A-CAP visits']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['alveolar pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is mostly considered a bacterial disease, mainly pneumococcal. This study was conducted to document the impact of sequential 7-valent and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7; PCV13) on emergency room and hospitalization for @entity497 among @entity1 <5 years of age. METHODS: This is an ongoing prospective population-based study in southern Israel. The current analysis spans over the period July 2002 through June 2013. @entity497 was defined using the World Health Organization (WHO)'s criteria for radiologically-confirmed @entity55 . PCV7 was introduced in Israel in July 2009 and gradually replaced by PCV13 in November 2010. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( @entity1485 ) impact was calculated by comparing incidences during 3 pre-defined periods: pre- @entity1485 (2002-2008), PCV7 (2010-2011) and PCV13 (2012-2013). RESULTS: Overall, 10,142 @entity497 occurred. The annual incidences (per 1,000 inhabitants) in @entity1 <5 years old declined from a mean (  standard deviation) of 13.8  0.9 in the pre- @entity1485 period to 11.2  2.7 in the PCV7 period and 7.4 in the PCV13 period, representing a reduction of 13% and 47%, respectively. The overall decrease was significantly faster among outpatients than among hospitalized @entity1 (42% and -8%, respectively in the PCV7 period; 68% vs. 32% in hospitalized @entity1 in the PCV13 period). While in @entity1 12-23 months a significant decline was observed during the PCV7 and PCV13 periods, significant declines in @entity497 rates were observed only during the PCV13 period in the <12 months and 24-59 months age groups (44% and 46%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A moderate decline in @entity497 in @entity1 <5 years old was observed after PCV7 introduction. In contrast, after PCV13 introduction a substantial reduction in all visits was evident.

title: Impact of PCV7/PCV13 introduction on community-acquired @entity55 in XXXX <5 years.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The development of the efficient screening system of detecting compounds that promote myogenesis and prevent muscle atrophy is important. @entity19 C2C12 cells are widely used to evaluate myogenesis but the procedures of the assay are not simple and the quantification is not easy. We established C2C12 cells expressing the N-terminal green fluorescence protein (GFP) and the C-terminal GFP (GFP1-10 and GFP11 cells). GFP1-10 and GFP11 cells do not exhibit GFP signals until they are fused. The signal intensity correlates with the expression of myogenic markers and myofusion. Myogenesis-promoting reagents, such as @entity7424 ( @entity7424 ) and b-guanidinopropionic acid (GPA), enhance the signals, whereas the poly-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-FMK, suppresses it. GFP signals are observed when myotubes formed by GFP1-10 cells are fused with single nuclear GFP11 cells, and enhanced by @entity7424 , GPA, and IBS008738, a recently-reported myogenesis-promoting reagent. Fusion between myotubes formed by GFP1-10 and GFP11 cells is associated with the appearance of GFP signals. @entity7424 and GPA augment these signals, whereas NSC23766, Rac inhibitor, decreases them. The conditioned medium of cancer cells suppresses GFP signals during myogenesis and reduces the width of GFP-positive myotubes after differentiation. Thus the novel split GFP-based assay will provide the useful method for the study of myogenesis, myofusion, and atrophy.

title: A new cell-based assay to evaluate myogenesis in XXXX myoblast C2C12 cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Valve operations for @entity1 presenting with @entity884 ( @entity884 ) complicated by @entity64 are thought to carry elevated risk of @entity260 . Our aim was to compare outcomes of @entity884 @entity1 who undergo surgical intervention early after diagnosis of @entity999 with outcomes of @entity1 without preoperative emboli. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing operations for left-sided @entity884 between 1996 and 2013 at our institution were reviewed. @entity1 undergoing operations more than 14 days after @entity64 diagnosis (n  = 11) and those with  purely @entity548 (n  = 7) were excluded from the analysis. The study included 308 @entity1 who were stratified according to the presence (STR, n  = 54) or absence of a preoperative @entity999 (NoSTR, n  = 254). Primary outcomes of interest were the development of a new @entity64 and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: Mean time to surgical intervention from @entity64 onset was 6.0    4.1 days. @entity794  (39% STR vs 21% NoSTR, p  = 0.004) @entity281 at operation (52% STR vs 27% NoSTR, p  < 0.001) were more prevalent in STR @entity1 . There was  no significant difference in 30-day mortality (9.3% STR vs 7.1% NoSTR, p  = 0.57) or in the rate of new @entity64 (5 [9.4%] STR vs 12 [4.7%] NoSTR, p  = 0.19) between groups. In addition, there was no difference in 10-year survival between groups (log-rank p  = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Early surgical intervention in @entity1 with @entity884 complicated by preoperative @entity999 does not lead to significantly worse postoperative outcomes. Early surgical intervention for @entity884 after @entity64 warrants consideration, particularly in @entity1 with high-risk features such as @entity794 or annular abscess, or both.

title: Early Operation for @entity884 Complicated by Preoperative XXXX Is Not Associated With Worsened Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke', 'stroke', 'postoperative stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['septic cerebral embolus', 'septic cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and annular abscess']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity999 :: (MESH:D020766,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Emboli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Valve operations for @entity1 presenting with @entity884 ( @entity884 ) complicated by @entity64 are thought to carry elevated risk of @entity260 . Our aim was to compare outcomes of @entity884 @entity1 who undergo surgical intervention early after diagnosis of @entity999 with outcomes of @entity1 without preoperative emboli. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing operations for left-sided @entity884 between 1996 and 2013 at our institution were reviewed. @entity1 undergoing operations more than 14 days after @entity64 diagnosis (n  = 11) and those with  purely @entity548 (n  = 7) were excluded from the analysis. The study included 308 @entity1 who were stratified according to the presence (STR, n  = 54) or absence of a preoperative @entity999 (NoSTR, n  = 254). Primary outcomes of interest were the development of a new @entity64 and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: Mean time to surgical intervention from @entity64 onset was 6.0    4.1 days. @entity794  (39% STR vs 21% NoSTR, p  = 0.004) @entity281 at operation (52% STR vs 27% NoSTR, p  < 0.001) were more prevalent in STR @entity1 . There was  no significant difference in 30-day mortality (9.3% STR vs 7.1% NoSTR, p  = 0.57) or in the rate of new @entity64 (5 [9.4%] STR vs 12 [4.7%] NoSTR, p  = 0.19) between groups. In addition, there was no difference in 10-year survival between groups (log-rank p  = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Early surgical intervention in @entity1 with @entity884 complicated by preoperative @entity999 does not lead to significantly worse postoperative outcomes. Early surgical intervention for @entity884 after @entity64 warrants consideration, particularly in @entity1 with high-risk features such as @entity794 or annular abscess, or both.

title: Early Operation for XXXX Complicated by Preoperative @entity999 Is Not Associated With Worsened Outcomes.

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While antipsychotic-induced @entity21 ( @entity21 ) and @entity2146 remain important concerns in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity161 , the relationship between @entity717 rating scales and spontaneously reported @entity21 -related adverse events ( @entity21 -AEs) remains unexplored. METHODS: Data from four randomized, placebo- and @entity1767 -controlled @entity1280 trials were analyzed to examine the relationship between spontaneously reported @entity21 -AEs with the Simpson Angus Scale (SAS) and Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale (BARS). Categorical summaries were created for each treatment group to show the frequencies of subjects with @entity21 -AEs in each of the SAS and BARS categories at weeks 1, 3, and 6, and agreement between ratings was quantified by means of weighted kappa (k). RESULTS: In general, we found greater frequencies of @entity21 -AEs with increasing severity of the SAS and BARS scores. The @entity21 -AEs reported with a "none" SAS score ranged from 0 to 22.2%, with a "mild" SAS score from 3.3 to 29.0%, and with a "moderate" SAS score from 0 to 100%. No subjects in any treatment group reported "severe" SAS scores or corresponding @entity21 -AEs. Agreement between SAS scores and @entity21 -AEs was poor for @entity1280 and placebo (k < 0.2) and only slightly better for @entity1767 . The @entity21 -AEs reported with "non questionable" BARS scores ranged from 1.9 to 9.8%, with "mild moderate" BARS scores from 12.8 to 54.6%, and with "marked severe" scores from 0 to 100%. Agreement was modest for @entity1280 and placebo (k < 0.4) and moderate for @entity1767 (k < 0.6). CONCLUSIONS: These findings may reflect either underreporting of AEs by investigators and subjects or erroneous rating scale evaluations.

title: Relating Spontaneously Reported Extrapyramidal Adverse Events to XXXX Rating Scales.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['akathisia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms', 'EPS']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Movement Disorder']


abstract: Obstructive sleep @entity27 is associated with symptoms including habitual snoring, witness @entity386 and excessive @entity25 . @entity27 is related to some occupations which are needed attention for work accident. We aimed to determine the prevalence of snoring, witnessed @entity386 and excessive @entity25 in coal workers and healthy adults in Zonguldak city center, and also evaluate the differences between these groups. This study consisted of 423 underground coal workers and 355 individuals living in centre of Zonguldak. Study and comparison group were chosen by nonstratified randomized sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire that included information regarding snoring, witnessed @entity386 and excessive @entity25 . Mean age was 43.3    6.05 years in miners and 44.3    11.8 years in comparison group. In miners, snoring frequency was determined as 42.6%, witnessed @entity386 were 4.0%, and @entity25 were 4.7%. In comparison group, these symptoms were 38.6%, 4.8% and 2.8% respectively. There were no statistical differences between coal workers and comparison group in these symptoms. Also snoring prevalence was higher in smoker miners. We found that major symptoms of @entity27 in coal workers are similar to general population in Zonguldak. Further studies that constucted higher populations and with polysomnography are needed to evaluate these findings.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in coal miners and healthy adults.

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea syndrome obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'Also obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['major obstructive sleep apnea syndrome symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity209 is associated with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and with @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ), but the underlying mechanisms explaining these associations have not yet been completely clarified. The aim was to investigate (i) whether @entity409 can explain the association between the @entity209 and @entity453 and/or the severity of @entity3657 , as measured by the ankle-arm index (AAIx); and (ii) whether any such mediation is independent of that from low-grade @entity32 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 539 subjects (232 @entity1 ) aged 59  4    6  9 years, with an increased risk of type 2 @entity6 and @entity65 . @entity409 and @entity32 scores were calculated from three markers of @entity409 (soluble @entity4105 , soluble @entity71129 ) and six of @entity32 ( @entity1851 , @entity650 , soluble @entity2071 , serum amyloid A, ceruloplasmin and @entity2104 ). The association between the @entity209 and @entity453 and/or @entity3657 , and the mediating role of @entity409 herein was examined with logistic and linear regression analyses, all adjusted for age, sex and smoking. RESULTS: Subjects with the @entity209 (n = 289; 54%) had higher prevalence of @entity453 [OR (95%CI) = 1  75 (1  14; 2  69)] and lower AAIx [b (95% CI) = -0  036 (-0  056; -0  016)]. @entity409 explained 6% of the association between the @entity209 and @entity453 , and 19% of the association with AAIx, whereas low-grade @entity32 explained 26% and 28% of these associations, respectively. Together, the two scores explained 24% and 36% of the association between the @entity209 and @entity453 and AAIx, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity409 explains part of the association between the @entity209 and the severity of @entity3657 , but is not involved in the association between the @entity209 and @entity453 . This indicates that the pathophysiologies of coronary and @entity3657 are essentially distinct.

title: The association between the @entity209 and peripheral, but not coronary, artery disease is partly mediated by XXXX : the CODAM study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity71129 :: ('7412;7450', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and von Willebrand factor']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity209 is associated with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and with @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ), but the underlying mechanisms explaining these associations have not yet been completely clarified. The aim was to investigate (i) whether @entity409 can explain the association between the @entity209 and @entity453 and/or the severity of @entity3657 , as measured by the ankle-arm index (AAIx); and (ii) whether any such mediation is independent of that from low-grade @entity32 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 539 subjects (232 @entity1 ) aged 59  4    6  9 years, with an increased risk of type 2 @entity6 and @entity65 . @entity409 and @entity32 scores were calculated from three markers of @entity409 (soluble @entity4105 , soluble @entity71129 ) and six of @entity32 ( @entity1851 , @entity650 , soluble @entity2071 , serum amyloid A, ceruloplasmin and @entity2104 ). The association between the @entity209 and @entity453 and/or @entity3657 , and the mediating role of @entity409 herein was examined with logistic and linear regression analyses, all adjusted for age, sex and smoking. RESULTS: Subjects with the @entity209 (n = 289; 54%) had higher prevalence of @entity453 [OR (95%CI) = 1  75 (1  14; 2  69)] and lower AAIx [b (95% CI) = -0  036 (-0  056; -0  016)]. @entity409 explained 6% of the association between the @entity209 and @entity453 , and 19% of the association with AAIx, whereas low-grade @entity32 explained 26% and 28% of these associations, respectively. Together, the two scores explained 24% and 36% of the association between the @entity209 and @entity453 and AAIx, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity409 explains part of the association between the @entity209 and the severity of @entity3657 , but is not involved in the association between the @entity209 and @entity453 . This indicates that the pathophysiologies of coronary and @entity3657 are essentially distinct.

title: The association between the XXXX and peripheral, but not coronary, artery disease is partly mediated by @entity409 : the CODAM study.

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity20301 @entity566 is    1.3% in the United States, with shrimp most commonly reported. Shellfish is one of the top causes of food-induced anaphylactic reactions, yet there are no reported rates of pediatric shrimp @entity2021 in the literature. In previously reported adults with shrimp @entity566 , the rate of @entity2021 to shrimp was 42%. OBJECTIVE: To describe the rate of @entity2021 among @entity1 with shrimp @entity566 , demographics, clinical presentation, and cross-reactive sensitization. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of @entity1  <=18 years old who presented with shrimp @entity566 to Texas @entity1 's Hospital Allergy and Immunology Clinic over 11 years. RESULTS: Sixty-eight @entity1 were identified with shrimp @entity566 (61% male, 39% female), with a median age of diagnosis at 5.6 years (range, 0.96-16.6 years). The rate of @entity2021 was 12%, and mucocutaneous symptoms were most common (skin symptoms, 70%; @entity110 , 58%; and @entity113 , 58%). No factors were positively associated with @entity2021 , whereas @entity1 without @entity2021 had a significantly higher rate of @entity484 compared with those with @entity2021 (p = 0.02). African Americans and Asian Americans were disproportionately affected (p < 0.001). There were low rates of cross-sensitization for other crustaceans and for mollusks (57% and 26%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The rate of @entity2021 to shrimp was significantly lower in @entity1 with shrimp @entity566 than in adults, and anaphylactic reactions were negatively associated with @entity484 . Cross-reactivity to other crustaceans and mollusks does not uniformly occur. Prospective studies with double blinded placebo-controlled food challenges are needed to further characterize @entity1 with shrimp @entity566 .

title: Risk factors in pediatric shrimp XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although long-term @entity14 ( @entity14 ) survivors generally report a good quality of life, fear of @entity5 recurrence (FCR) remains an important issue. This study investigated whether the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) can detect high FCR, the prevalence, and characteristics of FCR in @entity14 survivors. METHODS: Two hundred and eleven @entity1 who had undergone successful @entity14 surgery in the period 2003-2010 in the Radboud University Medical Center in the Netherlands were asked to participate. All @entity1 were sent an information letter plus questionnaires for collecting information on demographic and medical variables, FCR, distress, and quality of life. RESULTS: Seventy-six @entity1 (36  %; median age of 67.7  years range 41-88  years) completed the questionnaires a median of 5.1  years after surgery. A cut-off score of 14 or higher on the @entity5 was optimal to detect high FCR. Twenty-nine @entity1 (38  %) experienced high levels of FCR, characterized by higher levels of distress, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and lower quality of life. These individuals particularly reacted to disease-related triggers, felt helpless, were worried, and experienced limitations in daily functioning. High FCR was not associated with demographic or medical variables. CONCLUSION: Long after successful @entity14 surgery, FCR is a serious problem that impairs the quality of life for a substantial proportion of @entity1 . With the @entity5 , it is possible to detect high FCR and thereby assist survivors in receiving appropriate care.

title: Fear of @entity5 recurrence in XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CWS', 'cancer', 'Cancer Worry Scale']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although long-term @entity14 ( @entity14 ) survivors generally report a good quality of life, fear of @entity5 recurrence (FCR) remains an important issue. This study investigated whether the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) can detect high FCR, the prevalence, and characteristics of FCR in @entity14 survivors. METHODS: Two hundred and eleven @entity1 who had undergone successful @entity14 surgery in the period 2003-2010 in the Radboud University Medical Center in the Netherlands were asked to participate. All @entity1 were sent an information letter plus questionnaires for collecting information on demographic and medical variables, FCR, distress, and quality of life. RESULTS: Seventy-six @entity1 (36  %; median age of 67.7  years range 41-88  years) completed the questionnaires a median of 5.1  years after surgery. A cut-off score of 14 or higher on the @entity5 was optimal to detect high FCR. Twenty-nine @entity1 (38  %) experienced high levels of FCR, characterized by higher levels of distress, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and lower quality of life. These individuals particularly reacted to disease-related triggers, felt helpless, were worried, and experienced limitations in daily functioning. High FCR was not associated with demographic or medical variables. CONCLUSION: Long after successful @entity14 surgery, FCR is a serious problem that impairs the quality of life for a substantial proportion of @entity1 . With the @entity5 , it is possible to detect high FCR and thereby assist survivors in receiving appropriate care.

title: Fear of XXXX recurrence in @entity14 survivors.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between height ratio of the iliac crest to L4 (HR), width ratio of the iliac crest to L4 (WR) and L5-S1 @entity1797 . METHODS: On T2-weighted sagittal images of the 50 randomly selected @entity1 , two observers graded L5-S1 discs and some other parameters were measured. Then, @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ) of the L5-S1 nucleus pulposus was calculated. On anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the same 50 @entity1 ' lumbar spine, the parameters such as the height of the iliac crest were measured and then HR and WR were calculated. Finally, HR, WR and the percentage of the sROM of L5-S1 in L1-S1 segments of the other 51 randomly selected @entity1 were calculated. RESULTS: Positive correlations were found between HR, WR and @entity7303 of the L5-S1 disc. Negative correlations were found between HR, WR and modified Pfirrmann scores of L5-S1 nucleus pulposus. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between HR and the percentage of sROM of L5-S1 in L1-S1 segments. CONCLUSIONS: Low HR and (or) WR were the risk factors for L5-S1 @entity1797 . High HR could reduce the percentage of sROM of L5-S1 in L1-S1 segments and high HR and (or) WR could reduce the incidence of L5-S1 @entity1797 .

title: L5-S1 XXXX and the anatomic parameters of the iliac crest: imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'relative signal intensity']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['disc degeneration']