abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the cytologic and subsequent histologic findings in intraductal mammary @entity420 ( @entity420 in situ) ( @entity3821 ) to evaluate the role of aspiration biopsy (AB) in identifying and grading the disease. STUDY DESIGN: AB smears and tissue sections from 43 @entity1 with pure @entity3821 who underwent preoperative AB were reviewed. Smears were assessed for cellularity, cellular arrangement (including dissociation, nuclear size and @entity1893 ), and presence of nucleoli and @entity39 . RESULTS: Of the 43 cases, 22 were high grade (HG) @entity3821 , 7 cases were intermediate grade (IG), and 14 cases were low grade (LG). Cytologic findings of HG @entity3821 was as follows: high cellularity (22/22), clusters of pleomorphic cells with large nuclei and increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios (22/22), single cells (20/22), prominent nucleoli (22/22) and @entity39 (diffuse in 15/22, focal in 7/22). All LG cases had moderately to highly cellular smears with cohesive, 3-dimensional sheets of uniform, small cells with inconspicuous nucleoli arranged around a central lumen, forming "punched-out" spaces. Single cells were prominent in 2 of 14 cases. IG @entity3821 showed intermediate features between LG and HG @entity3821 : 3-dimensional sheets with punched-out spaces, abundant single cells, moderate @entity1893 and focal @entity39 . CONCLUSION: HG @entity3821 is easily identifiable on AB smears; however, distinction from @entity189 may not be possible. The cytologic diagnosis of LG @entity3821 is difficult, and 50% of our cases were called atypical on AB. Recognition of cohesive cellular arrangements with crowding and punched-out spaces is crucial as single cells and prominent atypia are often lacking.

title: Cytologic findings with histologic correlation in 43 cases of mammary intraductal XXXX diagnosed by aspiration biopsy.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphism']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of @entity42 , especially in the young and when a nonneoplastic cyst is suspected. High cellularity, epitheliallike clusters and cellular atypia in aspirates from functional cysts are known features that may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of @entity5 . Granulosa cells in ovarian cystic fluids may originate in @entity7979 or @entity722 . In luteinized @entity7979 the cells usually have ample cytoplasm and tend to form clusters. This report draws attention to a case where abundant, dispersed cells lacking cytoplasm led to the incorrect diagnosis of a @entity722 . CASE: In an ovarian cystic aspirate from a 34-year-old @entity1 , the fluid was highly cellular, with a striking predominance of cells interpreted as granulosa cells. Granulosa cells are often found in aspirates from functional cysts, but striking cellularity, prominent nuclear grooves and lack of luteinization made us consider a @entity722 rather than a follicle-derived cyst. Surgery was performed, and histology revealed a benign serous @entity9296 but also numerous maturing follicles and @entity7979 with thick layers of granulosa cells. The aspirate obviously did not represent the @entity9296 but one of the prominent @entity7979 . CONCLUSION: An understanding of the cytologic features of functional @entity42 , including the pitfalls, is necessary to avoid a false diagnoses of a @entity1313 . For a correct interpretation of the cytologic findings, close communication with the clinician and with the radiologist performing the aspiration is of vital importance.

title: Fine needle aspiration cytology of an ovarian luteinized follicular cyst mimicking a XXXX . A case report.

entities_list: @entity7979 :: ('MESH:D005497', 'Disease') :: ['follicular cysts']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['cystic granulosa cell tumors', 'granulosa cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenoma']

answer: @entity722 :: (MESH:D006106,Disease) :: ['granulosa cell tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There are some data concerning @entity1255 influence on fertilization and early embryogenesis, especially in @entity1 experiencing recurrent @entity393 (RSA). However, limited data support hypothesis that the ovum might be exposed to high @entity1255 concentration what may be important in egg-sperm interactions, for example during @entity52 ( @entity52 ) cycle. DESIGN: Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine fasting total @entity1255 concentration in follicular fluid or serum of @entity1 experiencing reproductive failure after spontaneous or in-vitro fertilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight nonpregnant RSA @entity1 , 8 normal healthy @entity1 with previous successful pregnancy outcome and 15 @entity1 undergoing @entity52 (6 with unexplained infertility-UI, 6 with male factor-MF, 3 with @entity5274 ). Total fasting @entity1255 level concentrations were established by ELISA method (Axis @entity1255 EIA, @entity5427 ) in serum of RSA and normal healthy @entity1 or ovarian follicular fluid of @entity1 undergoing @entity52 . RESULTS: Mean fasting total @entity1255 concentration in study group were as follows: RSA-18.63 mumol/L +/- 6.67, Normal-13.98 mumol/L +/- 6.62, UI-20.62 mumol/L +/- 8.19, MF-22.60 mumol/L +/- 7.87, TO-36.75 mumol/L +/- 13.26. We found that RSA @entity1 have had significantly higher serum @entity1255 concentration when compared to normal healthy @entity1 (P < 0.05). Among @entity1 undergoing @entity52 , those with following @entity52 success had not significantly lower @entity1255 level when compared to those with @entity52 failure (22.81 mumol/L +/- 11.27 vs. 24.54 mumol/L +/- 9.50, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary data suggest that high @entity1255 level may negatively influence pregnancy outcome following natural or in-vitro fertilization. It cannot be excluded that elevated @entity1255 concentrations contribute to defective @entity455 during early stages of gestation.

title: [ XXXX level in ovarian follicular fluid or serum as a predictor of successful fertilization].

entities_list: @entity5427 :: ('MESH:D017204', 'Disease') :: ['Axis-Shield AS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['chorionic villous vascularization']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['tubal obstruction-TO']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['in vitro-fertilization', 'IVF']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['Homocysteine']


abstract: The present study was aimed at analyzing the responsiveness of the ventrobasal (VB) thalamic neurons in @entity35 presenting with a hyperalgic carrageenin-produced @entity32 . The following were studied: the responses of the same VB neuron, before and 15-145 min after the plantar injection of carrageenin in a part of its receptive field (RF) (acute phase); the responses of VB neurons located in the thalamus contralateral to the @entity1931 inflamed paw, 24-96 h after the injection (subacute phase); and the effect of a local anesthetic injected in the inflamed paw, and that of an intravenous injection of @entity117 , on neuronal response modifications. Responses of VB neurons initially activated by light tactile stimuli (group 1; n = 4) and by moderate joint stimulation (group 3; n = 4) were not modified in the early period following the carrageenin injection. By contrast, in the first few minutes following the injection. VB neurons exclusively driven by noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli (group 2; n = 23), exhibited a clear enhancement of their responses, which persisted during the observation period. These modifications were also observed for responses obtained from part of the RF remote from the injection site; moreover there was an extension of the RF to areas distant from the injured paw. The local injection of an anesthetic ( @entity3303 ) in this paw, suppressed the modifications of responses of group 2 neurons, elicited not only from the injected paw, but also from the remote parts of the RF. At this time @entity117 was almost inefficient (even at the dose of 100 mg/kg) on responses of these group 2 neurons. In the subacute phase responses of 72 somatosensory neurons were analyzed. Twenty-five of 72 responded to rapid repetitive light tactile stimulation applied on a small contralateral RF (group 1); their responses were similar to those encountered in a normal situation. Thirty-three of 72 neurons responded to intense mechanical stimuli such as pinches (group 2). For half of them the response characteristics were similar to those described in the normal @entity35 ; for the other half responses appeared 'faded': short duration; absence of after-discharge; poor reproducibility. Fourteen of 72 neurons responded to moderate stimulation of the joints, deep tissues and/or surrounding cutaneous areas of the inflamed paw (group 3). Their RF was mostly unilateral, i.e. contralateral to the recording site; the responses were sustained during the stimulation but rarely exhibited after-discharge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Modifications in the responsiveness of @entity35 ventrobasal thalamic neurons at different stages of carrageenin-produced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Xylocaine']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The present study was aimed at analyzing the responsiveness of the ventrobasal (VB) thalamic neurons in @entity35 presenting with a hyperalgic carrageenin-produced @entity32 . The following were studied: the responses of the same VB neuron, before and 15-145 min after the plantar injection of carrageenin in a part of its receptive field (RF) (acute phase); the responses of VB neurons located in the thalamus contralateral to the @entity1931 inflamed paw, 24-96 h after the injection (subacute phase); and the effect of a local anesthetic injected in the inflamed paw, and that of an intravenous injection of @entity117 , on neuronal response modifications. Responses of VB neurons initially activated by light tactile stimuli (group 1; n = 4) and by moderate joint stimulation (group 3; n = 4) were not modified in the early period following the carrageenin injection. By contrast, in the first few minutes following the injection. VB neurons exclusively driven by noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli (group 2; n = 23), exhibited a clear enhancement of their responses, which persisted during the observation period. These modifications were also observed for responses obtained from part of the RF remote from the injection site; moreover there was an extension of the RF to areas distant from the injured paw. The local injection of an anesthetic ( @entity3303 ) in this paw, suppressed the modifications of responses of group 2 neurons, elicited not only from the injected paw, but also from the remote parts of the RF. At this time @entity117 was almost inefficient (even at the dose of 100 mg/kg) on responses of these group 2 neurons. In the subacute phase responses of 72 somatosensory neurons were analyzed. Twenty-five of 72 responded to rapid repetitive light tactile stimulation applied on a small contralateral RF (group 1); their responses were similar to those encountered in a normal situation. Thirty-three of 72 neurons responded to intense mechanical stimuli such as pinches (group 2). For half of them the response characteristics were similar to those described in the normal @entity35 ; for the other half responses appeared 'faded': short duration; absence of after-discharge; poor reproducibility. Fourteen of 72 neurons responded to moderate stimulation of the joints, deep tissues and/or surrounding cutaneous areas of the inflamed paw (group 3). Their RF was mostly unilateral, i.e. contralateral to the recording site; the responses were sustained during the stimulation but rarely exhibited after-discharge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Modifications in the responsiveness of XXXX ventrobasal thalamic neurons at different stages of carrageenin-produced @entity32 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity3147 both the GH-IGF and reproductive axes are greatly affected. Because the actions of IGF and sex @entity230 are inter-dependent in many tissues, we have examined how ovariectomy modulates the response of the systemic IGF system to undernutrition. DESIGN AND METHODS: Peripubertal (30 days of age) female @entity35 were either sham operated or ovariectomized. Five days later half of each group was submitted to a protein-caloric restriction diet. All @entity35 were killed at 60 days of age. RESULTS: Growth was decreased in all @entity35 submitted to calorie restriction and this was consistent with a decrease in circulating @entity2135 concentrations and liver @entity2135 mRNA expression. While in normally fed @entity35 ovariectomy had no significant effect on serum @entity2135 concentrations, ovariectomized and underfed @entity35 had significantly higher levels than intact underfed @entity35 . In undernourished rats, serum @entity67712 concentrations were significantly reduced and this was not modified by ovariectomy. In contrast, liver mRNA concentrations of @entity54850 were increased and @entity9929 unchanged in intact undernourished animals, suggesting that undernutrition could be affecting the proteolysis of these binding proteins, and this response was significantly modulated by ovariectomy. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the presence of circulating ovarian hormones significantly affects the response of the IGF system to undernutrition.

title: Interaction between XXXX and ovarian hormones on the systemic @entity2135 axis.

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity3147 both the GH-IGF and reproductive axes are greatly affected. Because the actions of IGF and sex @entity230 are inter-dependent in many tissues, we have examined how ovariectomy modulates the response of the systemic IGF system to undernutrition. DESIGN AND METHODS: Peripubertal (30 days of age) female @entity35 were either sham operated or ovariectomized. Five days later half of each group was submitted to a protein-caloric restriction diet. All @entity35 were killed at 60 days of age. RESULTS: Growth was decreased in all @entity35 submitted to calorie restriction and this was consistent with a decrease in circulating @entity2135 concentrations and liver @entity2135 mRNA expression. While in normally fed @entity35 ovariectomy had no significant effect on serum @entity2135 concentrations, ovariectomized and underfed @entity35 had significantly higher levels than intact underfed @entity35 . In undernourished rats, serum @entity67712 concentrations were significantly reduced and this was not modified by ovariectomy. In contrast, liver mRNA concentrations of @entity54850 were increased and @entity9929 unchanged in intact undernourished animals, suggesting that undernutrition could be affecting the proteolysis of these binding proteins, and this response was significantly modulated by ovariectomy. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the presence of circulating ovarian hormones significantly affects the response of the IGF system to undernutrition.

title: Interaction between @entity3147 and ovarian hormones on the systemic XXXX axis.

answer: @entity2135 :: (24482(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Scalpel blade sampling of a lesion with clinical suspicion of superficial @entity3217 may eventually harm the @entity1 , especially anxious @entity1 , and when sampled from areas such as the neck and the genitals. In these cases--provided that an acceptable level of confidence in results can be warranted-- @entity3324 tape skin strippings, or strip cultures, could be preferable. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-five @entity1 presenting with @entity75 clinically suspected of superficial mycoses were randomly included in this study. Thin, crystal clear @entity3324 tape strips were firmly applied to lesions, pulled up, and then attached glue-face down to glass slides, on which a drop of 10% @entity4014 /40% @entity3733 solution had previously been placed. Once scales were cleared, microscopic examination was performed. For specimens yielding negative results, further scales were scraped from lesions, cleared, and examined in the conventional manner. @entity1 with proven negative results in both techniques have been considered a control group. RESULTS: Sixty cases of superficial mycoses were confirmed ( @entity4013 , 38; @entity7553 , 12; tinea versicolor, 10). Of these, 59 (98.33%) yielded positive results on @entity3324 tape preparations, with clear visualization of organisms' structures. The technique failed to demonstrate fungal elements in a single case, subsequently diagnosed as @entity3100 . The additional 25 @entity1 were regarded as our control group. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to improved @entity1 compliance, ease of performance, and low cost, the technique seems appropriate for using in an office environment during a routine medical visit. Whenever @entity3324 tape specimens yield negative results, a scraping-sampled preparation should be provided.

title: New uses of XXXX tape for reliable collection and diagnosis of common superficial mycoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4014 :: ('MESH:C029943', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['scaly lesions']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytosis']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['tinea capitis']

answer: @entity3324 :: (CHEBI:37603,Chemical) :: ['vinyl']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, concurrently enrolled, multicenter trials of the Bryan Cervical Disc Prosthesis (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, @entity7443 ) were conducted for the treatment of @entity1 with single-level and two-level (bi-level) @entity179 of the cervical spine. OBJECTIVES: The studies were designed to determine whether new functional intervertebral cervical disc prosthesis can provide relief from objective @entity16 and signs, improve the @entity1 's ability to perform activities of daily living, decrease @entity158 , and maintain stability and segmental motion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The concept of accelerated degeneration of adjacent disc levels as a consequence of increased stress caused by interbody fusion of the cervical spine has been widely postulated. Therefore, reconstruction of a failed intervertebral disc with functional disc prosthesis should offer the same benefits as fusion while simultaneously providing motion and thereby protecting the adjacent level discs from the abnormal stresses associated with fusion. METHODS: @entity1 with symptomatic @entity614 and/or @entity602 underwent implantation with the Bryan prosthesis after a standard anterior cervical discectomy. At scheduled follow-up periods, the effectiveness of the device was characterized by evaluating each @entity1 's @entity2531 , and radiographically measured range of motion at the implanted level. RESULTS: Clinical success for both studies exceeded the study acceptance criteria of 85%. At 1-year follow-up, the flexion-extension range of motion per level: Discectomy and implantation of the device alleviates @entity16 and signs similar to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Radiographic evidence supports maintenance of motion. The procedure is safe and the @entity1 recover quickly. At least 5 years of follow-up will be needed to assess the long-term functionality of the prosthesis and protective influence on adjacent levels.

title: Intermediate follow-up after treatment of XXXX with the Bryan Cervical Disc Prosthesis: single-level and bi-level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain, neurologic function']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['cervical radiculopathy']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative disc disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of HLA typing in preventing @entity2687 . METHODS: This retrospective single-center study analyzed 459 consecutive HLA-typed @entity1 who underwent perforating keratoplasty (PKP) between 1983 and 2001. Grafts were postoperatively transparent after donor-recipient selection by @entity2149 typing. @entity1 were divided into a low- and a high-risk group based on their preoperative diagnosis. RESULTS: The estimated 1-, 5- and 10-year graft survival (Kaplan-Meier) was 93, 88 and 67% in low-risk @entity1 and 73, 43 and 38% in high-risk @entity1 . We found a significant correlation between the number of HLA mismatches and the rate of allograft rejections: a donor-recipient match of two or more alleles in @entity2149 reduces the rejection rate by at least 10% in low-risk (10 years after PKP; P<0.04) and 40% in high-risk @entity1 (3 years after PKP; P<0.0001). Especially @entity1530 mismatches are important prognostic factors for both low- ( P<0.008) and high-risk @entity1 ( P<0.003). Considering both @entity1530 mismatches significantly reduces the rate of allograft rejection, particularly in high-risk @entity1 ( P<0.0001). Matching on a split typing level offers no significant advantage over broad level matching. CONCLUSION: Clinical results confirm theories developed to explain the function of the HLA (MHC) receptor. The closest possible donor-recipient match of HLA antigens based on broad level typing significantly reduces the rate of allograft rejection and thus improves the prognosis for long-term transparency of corneal grafts in both high- and low-risk @entity1 .

title: HLA-A, @entity1530 and HLA-DR matching reduces the rate of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal allograft rejection']

answer: @entity2687 :: (MESH:D003316,Disease) :: ['corneal allograft rejection']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of HLA typing in preventing @entity2687 . METHODS: This retrospective single-center study analyzed 459 consecutive HLA-typed @entity1 who underwent perforating keratoplasty (PKP) between 1983 and 2001. Grafts were postoperatively transparent after donor-recipient selection by @entity2149 typing. @entity1 were divided into a low- and a high-risk group based on their preoperative diagnosis. RESULTS: The estimated 1-, 5- and 10-year graft survival (Kaplan-Meier) was 93, 88 and 67% in low-risk @entity1 and 73, 43 and 38% in high-risk @entity1 . We found a significant correlation between the number of HLA mismatches and the rate of allograft rejections: a donor-recipient match of two or more alleles in @entity2149 reduces the rejection rate by at least 10% in low-risk (10 years after PKP; P<0.04) and 40% in high-risk @entity1 (3 years after PKP; P<0.0001). Especially @entity1530 mismatches are important prognostic factors for both low- ( P<0.008) and high-risk @entity1 ( P<0.003). Considering both @entity1530 mismatches significantly reduces the rate of allograft rejection, particularly in high-risk @entity1 ( P<0.0001). Matching on a split typing level offers no significant advantage over broad level matching. CONCLUSION: Clinical results confirm theories developed to explain the function of the HLA (MHC) receptor. The closest possible donor-recipient match of HLA antigens based on broad level typing significantly reduces the rate of allograft rejection and thus improves the prognosis for long-term transparency of corneal grafts in both high- and low-risk @entity1 .

title: HLA-A, XXXX and HLA-DR matching reduces the rate of @entity2687 .

answer: @entity1530 :: (3106,Gene) :: ['HLA-B']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reamed intramedullary nailing, recommended for impending @entity174 of a femur weakened by bone @entity3 , causes a rise in intramedullary pressure and increases the risk of a fat @entity887 . The pressure can be equalized by the technique of venting--drilling a hole into the distal cortex of the femur. Our objective was to study the current practice of orthopedic surgeons in Ontario with respect to venting during prophylactic intramedullary nailing for an impending @entity3330 due to bone @entity3 . METHODS: We mailed a questionnaire to all orthopedic surgeons from the Province of Ontario listed in the 1999 Canadian Medical Directory or on the Canadian Orthopaedic Association membership list, asking if they vent when prophylactically nailing an impending pathologic @entity3330 . The responses were modelled as a function of surgeon volume and year of graduation. RESULTS: Of the 415 surveys mailed, 223 (54%) surgeons responded. Of these, 81% reported having prophylactically treated a femoral metastatic lesion during the previous year; 67% treated 1 to 3 metastatic lesions and 14% treated more than 3; 19% did not treat a metastatic femoral lesion prophylactically. Over two-thirds of surgeons had never considered venting, whereas one-third always or sometimes vented the femoral canal. More recent graduates were 3 times more likely to vent than earlier (before 1980) graduates (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-6.5) as were those who treat a greater number of impending @entity174 (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.7). CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a theoretical rationale for routine venting, there is disagreement among Ontario orthopedic surgeons regarding the use of this technique during prophylactic nailing for femoral metastatic lesions. Prospective evidence will be required to warrant a change in the standard of care.

title: Venting during prophylactic nailing for femoral XXXX : current orthopedic practice.

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: This study investigated whether @entity1242 can improve @entity63 zone blood flow and function when its infusion is delayed following left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion. @entity1242 (200 micrograms/min, 11 @entity235 ) or saline (six @entity235 ) was infused for 2 hours starting 2 hours after occlusion. Regional @entity296 ( @entity296 ) was measured (9 +/- 1 micron radioactive microspheres) before and at 2 and 4 hours after occlusion. Segmental contraction was determined by cineroentgenography of implanted @entity11608 markers. For all @entity63 samples (defined as @entity296 less than or equal to 0.4 ml/min/gm), the average improvement in @entity296 in the epicardial half (EPI) was 0.05 +/- 0.02 ml/min/gm (mean +/- SEM) with @entity1242 vs 0.06 +/- 0.06 with saline (p greater than 0.5). Improvement in the endocardial half (ENDO) averaged 0.03 +/- 0.03 ml/min/gm with @entity1242 vs 0.09 +/- 0.08 with saline (p = 0.5). Contraction in the @entity63 zone ceased following occlusion and was unaffected by @entity1242 or saline. Control blood flows in the @entity63 region were 22% less in the ENDO (p less than 0.001) and 19% less in the EPI (p less than 0.005) than in nonischemic myocardium. These results indicate that 2 hours after @entity432 in @entity235 , @entity1242 was unable to improve @entity63 zone collateral flow or contractile function compared to untreated controls. Lower @entity63 zone control flows indicate that @entity1188 volume expansion may occur within 4 hours after @entity1563 .

title: Failure of XXXX introduced after prolonged myocardial ischemia to improve collateral blood flow and function in tranquilized @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['MBF', 'myocardial blood flow']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin', 'nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: This study investigated whether @entity1242 can improve @entity63 zone blood flow and function when its infusion is delayed following left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion. @entity1242 (200 micrograms/min, 11 @entity235 ) or saline (six @entity235 ) was infused for 2 hours starting 2 hours after occlusion. Regional @entity296 ( @entity296 ) was measured (9 +/- 1 micron radioactive microspheres) before and at 2 and 4 hours after occlusion. Segmental contraction was determined by cineroentgenography of implanted @entity11608 markers. For all @entity63 samples (defined as @entity296 less than or equal to 0.4 ml/min/gm), the average improvement in @entity296 in the epicardial half (EPI) was 0.05 +/- 0.02 ml/min/gm (mean +/- SEM) with @entity1242 vs 0.06 +/- 0.06 with saline (p greater than 0.5). Improvement in the endocardial half (ENDO) averaged 0.03 +/- 0.03 ml/min/gm with @entity1242 vs 0.09 +/- 0.08 with saline (p = 0.5). Contraction in the @entity63 zone ceased following occlusion and was unaffected by @entity1242 or saline. Control blood flows in the @entity63 region were 22% less in the ENDO (p less than 0.001) and 19% less in the EPI (p less than 0.005) than in nonischemic myocardium. These results indicate that 2 hours after @entity432 in @entity235 , @entity1242 was unable to improve @entity63 zone collateral flow or contractile function compared to untreated controls. Lower @entity63 zone control flows indicate that @entity1188 volume expansion may occur within 4 hours after @entity1563 .

title: Failure of @entity1242 introduced after prolonged myocardial ischemia to improve collateral blood flow and function in tranquilized XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) antigens are ideal vaccine targets since their expression is restricted in adult tissues to testicular germ cells and a subset of @entity5 . The frequency of @entity1606 (TCCs) of @entity16051 , the most immunogenic @entity5 antigen to date, and its closely related gene @entity18246 was studied. @entity16051 and @entity18246 antigen expression were found to occur frequently in high-grade TCC @entity5 . On an MSKCC IRB-approved protocol, 68 @entity1 specimens were collected prospectively at the time of transurethral resection or cystectomy, of which 43 were read pathologically as high-grade @entity5 (pCIS, pTaG3, @entity2558 , pT2, @entity1803 , and pT4), 8 as @entity5 (pTaG1, pTaG2), and 17 as disease-free samples. These 68 samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or RT-PCR. There were also an additional 53 paraffin-embedded specimens studied retrospectively by IHC, of which 39 were high-grade @entity5 and 14 were @entity5 . Cumulatively, our data indicate that @entity16051 and/or @entity18246 are expressed in 39/82 (48%) high-grade TCC and 3/22 (14%) low-grade TCC samples when analyzed by RT-PCR and/or IHC. Immunological assessment of these @entity1 ' sera identified one @entity1 , whose @entity5 homogeneously expressed @entity16051 , which had detectable antibodies against @entity16051 and @entity18246 . Further analysis of this @entity1 , who remains clinically without evidence of disease 24 months after cystectomy for high-grade pT4 disease, revealed T-cell immunity against @entity16051 . This @entity1 's T-cell response was determined to be specific for a new @entity16051 epitope, p94-102, in the context of HLA-B35.

title: Frequency of XXXX and @entity18246 expression in bladder cancer and evidence of a new @entity16051 T-cell epitope in a @entity1 with bladder cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'CT', 'cancers', 'low-grade tumors', 'Cancer-testis', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['expression in transitional cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity16051 :: (246100,Gene) :: ['NY-ESO-1']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) antigens are ideal vaccine targets since their expression is restricted in adult tissues to testicular germ cells and a subset of @entity5 . The frequency of @entity1606 (TCCs) of @entity16051 , the most immunogenic @entity5 antigen to date, and its closely related gene @entity18246 was studied. @entity16051 and @entity18246 antigen expression were found to occur frequently in high-grade TCC @entity5 . On an MSKCC IRB-approved protocol, 68 @entity1 specimens were collected prospectively at the time of transurethral resection or cystectomy, of which 43 were read pathologically as high-grade @entity5 (pCIS, pTaG3, @entity2558 , pT2, @entity1803 , and pT4), 8 as @entity5 (pTaG1, pTaG2), and 17 as disease-free samples. These 68 samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or RT-PCR. There were also an additional 53 paraffin-embedded specimens studied retrospectively by IHC, of which 39 were high-grade @entity5 and 14 were @entity5 . Cumulatively, our data indicate that @entity16051 and/or @entity18246 are expressed in 39/82 (48%) high-grade TCC and 3/22 (14%) low-grade TCC samples when analyzed by RT-PCR and/or IHC. Immunological assessment of these @entity1 ' sera identified one @entity1 , whose @entity5 homogeneously expressed @entity16051 , which had detectable antibodies against @entity16051 and @entity18246 . Further analysis of this @entity1 , who remains clinically without evidence of disease 24 months after cystectomy for high-grade pT4 disease, revealed T-cell immunity against @entity16051 . This @entity1 's T-cell response was determined to be specific for a new @entity16051 epitope, p94-102, in the context of HLA-B35.

title: Frequency of @entity16051 and @entity18246 expression in bladder cancer and evidence of a new XXXX T-cell epitope in a @entity1 with bladder cancer.

answer: @entity16051 :: (246100,Gene) :: ['NY-ESO-1']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) antigens are ideal vaccine targets since their expression is restricted in adult tissues to testicular germ cells and a subset of @entity5 . The frequency of @entity1606 (TCCs) of @entity16051 , the most immunogenic @entity5 antigen to date, and its closely related gene @entity18246 was studied. @entity16051 and @entity18246 antigen expression were found to occur frequently in high-grade TCC @entity5 . On an MSKCC IRB-approved protocol, 68 @entity1 specimens were collected prospectively at the time of transurethral resection or cystectomy, of which 43 were read pathologically as high-grade @entity5 (pCIS, pTaG3, @entity2558 , pT2, @entity1803 , and pT4), 8 as @entity5 (pTaG1, pTaG2), and 17 as disease-free samples. These 68 samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or RT-PCR. There were also an additional 53 paraffin-embedded specimens studied retrospectively by IHC, of which 39 were high-grade @entity5 and 14 were @entity5 . Cumulatively, our data indicate that @entity16051 and/or @entity18246 are expressed in 39/82 (48%) high-grade TCC and 3/22 (14%) low-grade TCC samples when analyzed by RT-PCR and/or IHC. Immunological assessment of these @entity1 ' sera identified one @entity1 , whose @entity5 homogeneously expressed @entity16051 , which had detectable antibodies against @entity16051 and @entity18246 . Further analysis of this @entity1 , who remains clinically without evidence of disease 24 months after cystectomy for high-grade pT4 disease, revealed T-cell immunity against @entity16051 . This @entity1 's T-cell response was determined to be specific for a new @entity16051 epitope, p94-102, in the context of HLA-B35.

title: Frequency of @entity16051 and XXXX expression in bladder cancer and evidence of a new @entity16051 T-cell epitope in a @entity1 with bladder cancer.

answer: @entity18246 :: (30848,Gene) :: ['LAGE-1']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) antigens are ideal vaccine targets since their expression is restricted in adult tissues to testicular germ cells and a subset of @entity5 . The frequency of @entity1606 (TCCs) of @entity16051 , the most immunogenic @entity5 antigen to date, and its closely related gene @entity18246 was studied. @entity16051 and @entity18246 antigen expression were found to occur frequently in high-grade TCC @entity5 . On an MSKCC IRB-approved protocol, 68 @entity1 specimens were collected prospectively at the time of transurethral resection or cystectomy, of which 43 were read pathologically as high-grade @entity5 (pCIS, pTaG3, @entity2558 , pT2, @entity1803 , and pT4), 8 as @entity5 (pTaG1, pTaG2), and 17 as disease-free samples. These 68 samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or RT-PCR. There were also an additional 53 paraffin-embedded specimens studied retrospectively by IHC, of which 39 were high-grade @entity5 and 14 were @entity5 . Cumulatively, our data indicate that @entity16051 and/or @entity18246 are expressed in 39/82 (48%) high-grade TCC and 3/22 (14%) low-grade TCC samples when analyzed by RT-PCR and/or IHC. Immunological assessment of these @entity1 ' sera identified one @entity1 , whose @entity5 homogeneously expressed @entity16051 , which had detectable antibodies against @entity16051 and @entity18246 . Further analysis of this @entity1 , who remains clinically without evidence of disease 24 months after cystectomy for high-grade pT4 disease, revealed T-cell immunity against @entity16051 . This @entity1 's T-cell response was determined to be specific for a new @entity16051 epitope, p94-102, in the context of HLA-B35.

title: Frequency of @entity16051 and @entity18246 expression in bladder cancer and evidence of a new @entity16051 T-cell epitope in a XXXX with bladder cancer.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: We analyzed the change in the ERG rod a-wave waveform during the course of dark adaptation in two @entity1 with @entity39489 . Two Japanese @entity1 showed a homozygous arrestin @entity45306 mutation. Scotopic flash ERGs were recorded after different periods of dark adaptation. ERG rod a-waves were obtained after subtraction of the cone ERG contribution. The rod a-waves were fitted with a model of the rod receptor signal. The parameters, @entity24797 (maximum a-wave amplitude) and S (sensitivity) were calculated. Longer periods in the dark produced larger rod a-wave but only to the first flash presented. The amplitude of the response to subsequent flashes was essentially independent of the period of dark adaptation. @entity24797 increased with advance of dark adaptation. However, S was nearly constant. Our results suggest that the cause of delayed dark adaptation is not to be sought in the activation of phototransduction process or the regeneration of @entity8695 per se but rather in the deactivation process of the phototransduction cascade.

title: ERG rod a-wave in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39489 :: ('MESH:C537743', 'Disease') :: ['Oguchi disease']

answer: @entity39489 :: (MESH:C537743,Disease) :: ['Oguchi disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity12897 are a rare cause of @entity614 and @entity615 . Surgical treatment is directed at complete excision of the cyst. We used minimally invasive surgical techniques for a series of @entity1 , to assess the effectiveness of this approach for resection of @entity12897 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 (10 female and 7 male @entity1 ) with presumed @entity12897 , as indicated on magnetic resonance imaging scans, underwent surgical resection with the 18-mm METRx tubular retractor system (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, @entity7443 ). A unilateral approach was used, with either an operating @entity3178 (13 cases) or a magnifying endoscope (4 cases), depending on the preference of the surgeon. Outcomes were reported by using modified MacNab criteria. RESULTS: The average @entity1 age was 64 years (range, 46-82 yr). The L4-L5 level was most commonly affected (82% of cases). Grade 1 spondylolisthesis at the level harboring the synovial cyst was observed for 47% of the @entity1 ; all cases of spondylolisthesis involved the L4-L5 level. The mean operative time was 97 minutes, and the average @entity190 was 35 ml. Excellent or good results were achieved for 94% of the @entity1 . A dural tear that did not violate the arachnoid membrane occurred during surgery for one @entity1 but did not require further treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity12897 can be effectively treated with a tubular retractor system in conjunction with an endoscope or @entity3178 . Use of the tubular retractor minimizes soft-tissue @entity130 , incision length, @entity190 , and disruption of ligamentous and bony structures. This may be particularly significant when @entity12897 are associated with spondylolisthesis, minimizing the risk of progressive instability and the need for fusion.

title: Minimally invasive surgical treatment of lumbar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['Synovial cysts', 'synovial cysts']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscope']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy']

answer: @entity12897 :: (MESH:D013581,Disease) :: ['synovial cysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to use a minimally invasive endoscopic surgical technique in a @entity742 model to evaluate the efficacy of an osteoinductive growth factor, recombinant @entity1 @entity26885 (also designated MP52), and an osteoconductive matrix formulation (Healos; DePuy AcroMed, Inc., Mountain View, CA) for inducing and facilitating bone formation. METHODS: Twelve mature @entity742 underwent bilateral posterolateral lumbar fusion and pedicle screw fixation via a posterior endoscopic approach. Each @entity742 received two different types of graft material, autogenous iliac crest bone, or a bone graft substitute (MP52 with Healos), inserted into the right and left sides of the spine in an alternating fashion. Groups of four @entity742 were killed at 2, 4, and 6 months postoperatively for manual, radiographic, and histological evaluation. RESULTS: No @entity16 , @entity281 , or other complications were observed. After 2 months, partial fusion on both sides was observed, but radiographic evaluation showed greater bone growth on the side that received the bone graft substitute. Solid posterolateral fusion was observed in both autograft and bone graft substitute sites at 4 and 6 months, and autograft and Healos MP52 fusion sites were essentially the same at histological examination. There was no abnormal overgrowth of new bone from either of these two materials. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis and instrumentation is feasible, safe, and effective in a @entity742 model. Healos is a useful bonding agent that mimics natural bone in posterolateral intertransverse fusion sites. Combined with MP52, it produced fusion comparable to that of autogenous bone graft. Minimally invasive techniques and bone graft substitutes could eliminate morbidity and increase the likelihood of successful fusion.

title: Endoscopic instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion with Healos and recombinant @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26885 :: ('8200', 'Gene') :: ['growth/differentiation factor-5']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairments']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity26885 :: (8200,Gene) :: ['growth/differentiation factor-5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to use a minimally invasive endoscopic surgical technique in a @entity742 model to evaluate the efficacy of an osteoinductive growth factor, recombinant @entity1 @entity26885 (also designated MP52), and an osteoconductive matrix formulation (Healos; DePuy AcroMed, Inc., Mountain View, CA) for inducing and facilitating bone formation. METHODS: Twelve mature @entity742 underwent bilateral posterolateral lumbar fusion and pedicle screw fixation via a posterior endoscopic approach. Each @entity742 received two different types of graft material, autogenous iliac crest bone, or a bone graft substitute (MP52 with Healos), inserted into the right and left sides of the spine in an alternating fashion. Groups of four @entity742 were killed at 2, 4, and 6 months postoperatively for manual, radiographic, and histological evaluation. RESULTS: No @entity16 , @entity281 , or other complications were observed. After 2 months, partial fusion on both sides was observed, but radiographic evaluation showed greater bone growth on the side that received the bone graft substitute. Solid posterolateral fusion was observed in both autograft and bone graft substitute sites at 4 and 6 months, and autograft and Healos MP52 fusion sites were essentially the same at histological examination. There was no abnormal overgrowth of new bone from either of these two materials. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis and instrumentation is feasible, safe, and effective in a @entity742 model. Healos is a useful bonding agent that mimics natural bone in posterolateral intertransverse fusion sites. Combined with MP52, it produced fusion comparable to that of autogenous bone graft. Minimally invasive techniques and bone graft substitutes could eliminate morbidity and increase the likelihood of successful fusion.

title: Endoscopic instrumented posterolateral lumbar fusion with Healos and recombinant XXXX @entity26885 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Interleukin-12 (IL-12) has been evaluated in both preclinical and clinical immunotherapy protocols as a potential therapy for @entity320 . However, delivery of IL-12 in the form of recombinant protein can result in severe @entity137 , and gene therapy has had limited success against B16.F10 @entity19 @entity320 . This study investigated the therapeutic effect of delivering a plasmid encoding IL-12 followed by electroporation on primary and secondary @entity5 . Three treatments of intratumoral (i.t.) plasmid injection and electroporation resulted in 80% of @entity19 with B16.F10 @entity320 being @entity5 free for >100 days (cure). The "cured animals" were resistant to challenge with B16 cells. In a separate experiment, B16 cells were injected on the opposite flank of the treated @entity5 on the day of treatment. Eighty-seven percent of control @entity19 developed a distant @entity5 while only 43.8% of @entity19 receiving two or three i.t. electroporation treatments developed a distant @entity5 . For examination of @entity5 development in the lungs, @entity19 were injected intravenously with @entity19 cells then treated with i.m. injections of plasmid with or without electroporation. Only 37.5% of @entity19 receiving i.m. injections and electroporation developed nodules in the lungs compared to 87.5% of @entity19 in the no-treatment group. The results show that administration of a plasmid encoding IL-12 with electroporation has a therapeutic effect on @entity5 as well as distant @entity5 and @entity3 .

title: IL-12 gene therapy using an electrically mediated nonviral approach reduces metastatic growth of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma tumors']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: In @entity1 endothelial cell conditioned medium a fast-acting inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase has been detected. Moreover, an inactive inhibitor of these plasminogen activators is present, that can be activated by denaturing agents such as @entity214 ( @entity214 ). The mutual relationship between these inhibitors was studied. The fast-acting plasminogen activator inhibitor from @entity1 endothelial cell conditioned medium was purified in a complex with tissue-type plasminogen activator by immune adsorption, using an immobilized anti-tissue-type plasminogen activator antibody. With the complex as an antigen, specific antibodies were raised against this inhibitor in rabbits. The antiserum immunoreacted with both the inactive and the fast-acting plasminogen activator inhibitor. Endothelial cell conditioned medium (containing the inactive plasminogen activator inhibitor) was treated with @entity214 and the inhibitory activity that emerged was purified. The @entity214 -generated product formed complexes with tissue-type plasminogen activator with the same molecular mass as those formed with the fast-acting inhibitor. Moreover, the inhibitory activity generated by @entity214 treatment showed the same kinetic behaviour with tissue-type plasminogen activator as did the fast-acting inhibitor. These data show that the fast-acting and the inactive plasminogen activator inhibitor are immunologically and functionally related to each other, and probably represent different molecular forms of the same protein.

title: The active and the inactive plasminogen activator inhibitor from XXXX endothelial cell conditioned medium are immunologically and functionally related to each other.

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate', 'SDS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The influence of storage conditions on the total and free concentration of @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) was studied in six normal male subjects who ingested 750 mg of @entity2052 (3 X 250 mg @entity1092 capsules; Abbott Laboratories). Blood samples were collected in various types of Vacutainer tubes (red top, no additives; green top, @entity1372 heparin; blue top, @entity4958 ; and purple top, @entity1098 ) 2 h post administration of @entity2052 . Either these samples were centrifuged immediately or stored for various periods of time at room temperature or refrigerated, or the supernate was frozen prior to analysis. Free @entity2052 samples were obtained utilizing the Amicon ultrafiltration system. All @entity2052 samples were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Total @entity2052 concentrations obtained from plasma collected with @entity4958 were lower (p less than 0.05) than either serum or plasma collected with other anticoagulants. There were no differences (p greater than 0.05) in total or free @entity2052 concentrations between samples collected in serum or in plasma collected with heparin or @entity1098 . Storing samples for 96 h at room temperature did not alter the total @entity2052 concentrations but was found to increase the free fraction of @entity2052 (p less than 0.05). The refrigeration or freezing of the supernate from the blood samples for 7 days did not alter (p greater than 0.05) the total or the free fraction of @entity2052 . The results of this study demonstrate that total and/or free @entity2052 may be collected from either serum or plasma, provided @entity4958 is not used to collect plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of tube type, storage time, and temperature on the total and free concentration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4958 :: ('MESH:C102006', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium citrate']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid', 'Depakene']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: @entity440 is a selective @entity172 receptor modulator (SERM) with pro- and anti-estrogenic properties. Currently it is the most widely used agent for first line treatment against hormone sensitive metastatic @entity0 and the only approved hormonal agent for adjuvant treatment of organ confined @entity0 . Furthermore, its uses have been extended for the treatment of @entity0 @entity1 . In such settings the most worrisome side effect of @entity440 is its ability to increase the rates of uterine @entity5 . It has been claimed that most of these @entity5 are found at an early stage because of @entity3556 . Moreover, it has been shown that for most @entity1 transvaginal ultrasound is an ineffective screening method for the early detection of uterine @entity189 . It is important, however, to notice that long term @entity440 treatment can cause metastatic @entity5 but also @entity242 (mainly malignant mixed @entity5 . It should be noted that, at least for the special population of @entity5345 mutation carriers, transvaginal ultrasound can increase our ability for the earlier @entity43 . Thus, we believe that there is still a place for the use of transvaginal ultrasound in special populations. This is specifically for long term @entity440 users (more than the usually recommended five years), @entity1 with a higher chance of having uterine @entity189 (namely very high body weight, strong family history) and @entity1 with a high index of suspicion as carriers of a @entity5345 mutation. Until new second generation SERMs and aromatase inhibitors are shown to possess better anti- @entity5 abilities than @entity440 , this drug will remain in wide use, however, we must not overlook its possible rare side effects.

title: [ @entity440 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['discovery of ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'uterine cancer--not only carcinomas', 'cancer', 'mesodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity440 is a selective @entity172 receptor modulator (SERM) with pro- and anti-estrogenic properties. Currently it is the most widely used agent for first line treatment against hormone sensitive metastatic @entity0 and the only approved hormonal agent for adjuvant treatment of organ confined @entity0 . Furthermore, its uses have been extended for the treatment of @entity0 @entity1 . In such settings the most worrisome side effect of @entity440 is its ability to increase the rates of uterine @entity5 . It has been claimed that most of these @entity5 are found at an early stage because of @entity3556 . Moreover, it has been shown that for most @entity1 transvaginal ultrasound is an ineffective screening method for the early detection of uterine @entity189 . It is important, however, to notice that long term @entity440 treatment can cause metastatic @entity5 but also @entity242 (mainly malignant mixed @entity5 . It should be noted that, at least for the special population of @entity5345 mutation carriers, transvaginal ultrasound can increase our ability for the earlier @entity43 . Thus, we believe that there is still a place for the use of transvaginal ultrasound in special populations. This is specifically for long term @entity440 users (more than the usually recommended five years), @entity1 with a higher chance of having uterine @entity189 (namely very high body weight, strong family history) and @entity1 with a high index of suspicion as carriers of a @entity5345 mutation. Until new second generation SERMs and aromatase inhibitors are shown to possess better anti- @entity5 abilities than @entity440 , this drug will remain in wide use, however, we must not overlook its possible rare side effects.

title: [ XXXX and @entity0 ].

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['Tamoxifen']


abstract: In Hungary, the incidence of @entity0 , the fourth leading cause of @entity204 among @entity1 , almost doubled in every age group during the period 1970-94. Hungary has instituted a mass screening project in response to this situation. Screening for @entity0 is combined with screening for @entity378 , and manual breast examination is now a routine part of every gynecological examination. @entity1 are also being trained to examine their own breasts for changes. Treatment for @entity0 consists of total or partial mastectomy with removal of the axillar lymph nodes if necessary. Radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy are also available. Data on @entity5 gathered in 1988 indicate that morbidity is 26.7-28.3/100,000 and that the @entity204 rate has not changed in the past 25 years. The incidence of @entity5 has increased dramatically, however, in the population aged between 15 and 39 years and over 80 years. Gynecologists usually provide routine screening for @entity5 using oncocytology or, where available, colposcopic examination. @entity1 must be informed about the importance of screening for early detection and treatment of @entity5 .

title: Screening for XXXX in Europe. Hungary.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast and cervical cancer']


abstract: Immigrants have been settling in Sweden for the past 150 years, with, until recently, the majority arriving from European countries, including Greece and @entity233 . However, over the past 2 decades, there has been a considerable and rapid influx of migrants and refugees from Latin America, the Middle East, southeast Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. By December, 10.5% of Sweden's population was comprised of first-generation immigrants. The arrival of non-European immigrants to Sweden in latter years led to the development of restrictions in immigration policy, with many newcomers refused asylum or granted only temporary leave to stay. 16 cities are involved in the Multi-City Action Project on @entity791 , a European healthy city project launched in 1990 to strengthen local @entity645 / @entity791 prevention and treatment. The action group on Blacks and other ethnic minorities is coordinated by Gothenburg. @entity1 of foreign origin account for 42% of all registered @entity645 / @entity791 cases in Sweden. Local health authorities Involved in @entity645 / @entity791 prevention and treatment need to work together with immigrants to develop effective services, tailored to the specific needs of each community, with communities encouraged to develop their own projects. Relevant, up-to-date, and culturally appropriate information on @entity645 / @entity791 prevention also needs to be made readily available to all, with a range of health education methods developed which are relevant and acceptable to diverse communities. Experience in Gothenburg has shown that it is not easy to raise awareness among diverse communities, although immigrant @entity1 are very committed to safeguarding their own and their families' health.

title: Multicultural health promotion: are we getting it right? XXXX - STDs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'People']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: This experimental trial was devised to assess whether selective beta3-adrenergic receptor (AR) stimulation and simultaneous blockade of alpha2-AR would affect thermoregulation. With this purpose, the individual and combined administration of a beta-AR agonist, @entity47322 , and an alpha2-AR antagonist, @entity3160 , were evaluated. @entity3160 produced a marked decrease (p < 0.001) in body temperature one hour after administration (5 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and blocked the thermogenic effect of @entity47322 (1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) when simultaneously administered. Uncoupling protein-2 expression in skeletal muscle was downregulated (p < 0.05) by @entity47322 , while @entity3160 had no effect. White adipose tissue @entity5484 and muscle @entity5485 were not modified by either @entity47322 or @entity3160 administration. Liver @entity5484 mRNA expression was significantly decreased by @entity3160 (p < 0.05). However, this downregulation does not seem to explain the reduction in temperature produced by @entity3160 given the fact that @entity47322 produced a similar downregulation of hepatic @entity5484 (p < 0.05). The present work indicates that alpha2-AR antagonism blocks the thermogenic effects mediated by beta3-AR stimulation, contrary to our expectations, suggesting a possible interplay between both mechanisms. Moreover, these effects are not apparently explained by changes in @entity5484 and @entity5485 .

title: Interactions between an alpha2-adrenergic antagonist and a beta3-adrenergic agonist on the expression of @entity5484 and XXXX in rats.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine', 'Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity47322 :: ('MESH:C101319', 'Chemical') :: ['trecadrine']

answer: @entity5485 :: (25708(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['UCP3']


abstract: This experimental trial was devised to assess whether selective beta3-adrenergic receptor (AR) stimulation and simultaneous blockade of alpha2-AR would affect thermoregulation. With this purpose, the individual and combined administration of a beta-AR agonist, @entity47322 , and an alpha2-AR antagonist, @entity3160 , were evaluated. @entity3160 produced a marked decrease (p < 0.001) in body temperature one hour after administration (5 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and blocked the thermogenic effect of @entity47322 (1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) when simultaneously administered. Uncoupling protein-2 expression in skeletal muscle was downregulated (p < 0.05) by @entity47322 , while @entity3160 had no effect. White adipose tissue @entity5484 and muscle @entity5485 were not modified by either @entity47322 or @entity3160 administration. Liver @entity5484 mRNA expression was significantly decreased by @entity3160 (p < 0.05). However, this downregulation does not seem to explain the reduction in temperature produced by @entity3160 given the fact that @entity47322 produced a similar downregulation of hepatic @entity5484 (p < 0.05). The present work indicates that alpha2-AR antagonism blocks the thermogenic effects mediated by beta3-AR stimulation, contrary to our expectations, suggesting a possible interplay between both mechanisms. Moreover, these effects are not apparently explained by changes in @entity5484 and @entity5485 .

title: Interactions between an alpha2-adrenergic antagonist and a beta3-adrenergic agonist on the expression of XXXX and @entity5485 in rats.

answer: @entity5484 :: (54315(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['UCP2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One area of concern within the largely successful UK National Health Service breast screening programme is the relatively high proportion of @entity1 showing @entity854 who undergo further diagnostic tests that prove negative. Previous studies suggest that, in addition to increasing @entity148 , such false-positive mammography is associated with increased risk of subsequent interval @entity5 . In the present article, we quantify this increased risk, investigate whether it extends to @entity5 detected at rescreening, and determine whether @entity5 differ between @entity1 who have, and have not, experienced false-positive mammography. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 140,387 @entity1 aged 49-63 years routinely invited for first screening by the East Anglian National Health Service breast screening programme. Proportions reattending, and subsequent risk and pathological attributes of @entity5 were compared between @entity1 who underwent further (negative) assessment following false-positive mammography and @entity1 mammographically normal at first screen. RESULTS: At first screen, 108,617 (91.9%) of the screened @entity1 were mammographically normal, 4278 (3.6%) were assessed and then judged normal, and 514 (0.4%) underwent benign biopsy. Compared with nonassessed normal @entity1 , reattendance was lower among assessed @entity1 : 83.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.0-84.1) versus 85.7% (95% CI, 85.5-85.9) (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.89). Assessed @entity1 were at greater risk of interval @entity5 (rate per 1000 @entity1 screened, 9.6 [95% CI, 6.8-12.4] versus 3.0 [95% CI, 2.7-3.4]; OR, 3.19 [95% CI, 2.34-4.35]), and also of @entity5 detected at second screen (rate per 1000, 8.4 [95% CI, 5.8-10.9] versus 3.9 [95% CI, 3.5-4.3]; OR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.55-2.98]). More @entity5 in assessed @entity1 measured >or = 20 mm (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.99-2.55). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing false-positive mammography at first screen were less likely to reattend for subsequent screens than were nonassessed @entity1 , yet they were more likely to develop @entity5 or @entity5 at second screen, and their @entity5 were larger. Factors predisposing for false-positive mammography require investigation. @entity1 should be encouraged to continue with screening.

title: Impact of false-positive mammography on subsequent screening attendance and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['mammographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['interval cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Little biochemical information is available on @entity1735 metabolism in developing canola ( @entity4335 .) silique (pod) wall and seed tissues. This research examines the @entity1735 contents and @entity969 (Suc) metabolic enzyme activities in different aged silique wall and seed tissues during oil filling. The silique wall partitioned photosynthate into Suc over starch and predominantly accumulated @entity12015 . The silique wall @entity12015 content and soluble acid invertase activity rapidly fell as embryos progressed from the early- to late-cotyledon developmental stages. A similar trend was not evident for alkaline invertase, Suc synthase (SuSy), and Suc- @entity1391 synthase. Silique wall SuSy activities were much higher than source leaves at all times and may serve to supply the substrate for secondary cell wall thickening. In young seeds starch was the predominant accumulated @entity1735 over the sampled developmental range. Seed @entity12015 levels dropped as embryos developed from the early- to midcotyledon stage. @entity12015 and starch were localized to the testa or liquid endosperm, whereas Suc was evenly distributed among seed components. With the switch to oil accumulation, seed SuSy activity increased by 3.6-fold and soluble acid invertase activity decreased by 76%. These data provide valuable baseline knowledge for the genetic manipulation of canola seed @entity505 partitioning.

title: XXXX Content and Enzyme Metabolism in Developing Canola Siliques.

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['Brassica napus L']

entities_list: @entity12015 :: ('CHEBI:18133', 'Chemical') :: ['hexose', 'Hexose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Growth patterns of @entity1653 are related to the @entity45541 . Localization and surgical @entity146 are decisive for the outcome to be expected. @entity1 AND METHODS: n = 25 @entity1 (22 f, 3 m), aged from 26-77 (mean: 56.4) years underwent microsurgical removal of their tentorial @entity1653 . @entity5 size was as follows: n = 11 < 3 cm, n = 6 3-5 cm, n = 8 > 5 cm. The median of the preoperative Karnofsky scores was 90. The operative approaches chosen were suboccipital in n = 14, subtemporal in n = 6, occasionally a combined supra- and infratentorial approach was chosen. Data regarding surgery, histology and postoperative course were available through the @entity1 's charts and through outpatient clinic. RESULTS: n = 20 (80%) of the @entity5 were rated WHO grade I, n = 5 (20%) WHO grade II. @entity5 removal according to Simpson was degrees I in n = 9 (36%), degrees II in n = 14 (56%), degrees III in n = 2 (8%). Mortality was 0%. In n = 6 @entity1 (24%) neurological worsening, mainly due to transient @entity129 was noted. @entity532 (CSF @entity292 , wound healing problems) occurred in n = 5 @entity1 (20%). The median of the postoperative Karnofsky scores on last follow up was 90 after a median of 41.9 months. Two @entity1 (8%), one of whom underwent reoperation developed @entity5 recurrency during follow up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity51 following microsurgical @entity1653 are transient in the majority of @entity1 . The apparently high rate of incomplete @entity5 resection (app. 60% Simpson grades II and III) is due to the close topographical relationship of these @entity5 with important neurovascular structures. Thus, the operative strategy should not be excessively aggressive, but rather take into account the option to observe @entity41 or to apply additional stereotactic convergent beam radiation in selected cases.

title: Results for microsurgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity45541 :: ('MESH:D020436', 'Disease') :: ['deep cerebral venous system and to cranial nerves IV-XI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['tentorial meningiomas', 'removal of tentorial meningiomas', 'meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['removal of tentorial meningiomas']


abstract: We used awake, unsedated @entity35 with indwelling cardiovascular catheters to study the role of endothelial injury and @entity358 in the pathogenesis of monocrotaline (MC)-induced @entity120 . Hemodynamic findings were correlated with morphometric analyses of alterations in the vascular endothelium assessed by electron microscopy and of muscularization of pulmonary arteries assessed by light microscopy. Male @entity35 (200-250 g) were injected with MC (60 mg/kg) or with saline vehicle. The hemodynamic response to acute @entity519 (10% O2 for 10 min) was studied at 4, 8, and 12 days postinjection. Pulmonary artery pressures and resistances (Ppa, Rp) were similar in saline- and MC-injected @entity35 at 4 and 8 days postinjection. In response to acute @entity519 , the rise in Ppa was also similar, but there was a slight but significant rise in Rp, (P less than 0.05) in the 8-day group, due largely to a decrease in cardiac output. At 12 days after injection, base-line Ppa was increased in MC-injected @entity35 (P less than 0.01) and there was a heightened response to @entity519 assessed both as a significant increase in Ppa and Rp (P less than 0.05 each). Endothelial injury was observed as early as 4 days postinjection with pallor and swelling evident qualitatively and by a decreased proportion of microfilaments (P less than 0.05) assessed quantitatively. By light microscopy, extension of smooth muscle into normally nonmuscularized pulmonary arteries was evident by 8 days postinjection. By 12 days postinjection there was marked extension of smooth muscle present (P less than 0.01) with medial hypertrophy of muscular arteries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Endothelial injury and vascular reactivity in monocrotaline XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['increased pulmonary vascular reactivity']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the sensitivity and the validity of @entity984 point mutational analysis at codon 12 in Brazilian @entity1 with @entity660 , and the possible correlation between the presence of the mutation and the histopathological findings. @entity1 : Ninety-seven Brazilian @entity1 with @entity1124 , @entity788 and chronic @entity788 were enrolled in this study. Forty-five @entity1 (46%) were female and 52 @entity1 (54%) were male, having an average age of 60.2+/-9.2 years for @entity420 (n=52), 45.1+/-19.4 years for @entity788 (n=20), and 46.4+/-11.2 years for chronic @entity788 (n=25). DNA extracted from 11 normal @entity1 peripheric lymphocytes was utilized as a control. RESULTS: The sensitivity of @entity984 mutational analysis was 83.3% (25/30) in paraffin-embedded samples and 72.7% (16/22) in surgically resected specimens of the @entity5 . On the other hand, no mutations were found in @entity788 or in chronic @entity788 . Regarding the histopathological grading, the higher positivity rate was found in poorly-differentiated @entity420 (100%), and progressively decreased in moderately-differentiated @entity420 (72.2%), and well-differentiated @entity420 (66.6%). The positivity rate in non-classified @entity420 was 81.8%. CONCLUSION: @entity984 point mutation, in our study, is notably prevalent in @entity5 and is absent in chronic @entity788 and @entity788 . These results encourage us to consider the possibility of treatment strategies for this oncogene in the future.

title: Detection of @entity984 point mutation at codon 12 in XXXX : a study in a Brazilian casuistic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the sensitivity and the validity of @entity984 point mutational analysis at codon 12 in Brazilian @entity1 with @entity660 , and the possible correlation between the presence of the mutation and the histopathological findings. @entity1 : Ninety-seven Brazilian @entity1 with @entity1124 , @entity788 and chronic @entity788 were enrolled in this study. Forty-five @entity1 (46%) were female and 52 @entity1 (54%) were male, having an average age of 60.2+/-9.2 years for @entity420 (n=52), 45.1+/-19.4 years for @entity788 (n=20), and 46.4+/-11.2 years for chronic @entity788 (n=25). DNA extracted from 11 normal @entity1 peripheric lymphocytes was utilized as a control. RESULTS: The sensitivity of @entity984 mutational analysis was 83.3% (25/30) in paraffin-embedded samples and 72.7% (16/22) in surgically resected specimens of the @entity5 . On the other hand, no mutations were found in @entity788 or in chronic @entity788 . Regarding the histopathological grading, the higher positivity rate was found in poorly-differentiated @entity420 (100%), and progressively decreased in moderately-differentiated @entity420 (72.2%), and well-differentiated @entity420 (66.6%). The positivity rate in non-classified @entity420 was 81.8%. CONCLUSION: @entity984 point mutation, in our study, is notably prevalent in @entity5 and is absent in chronic @entity788 and @entity788 . These results encourage us to consider the possibility of treatment strategies for this oncogene in the future.

title: Detection of XXXX point mutation at codon 12 in @entity660 : a study in a Brazilian casuistic.

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['K-ras']


abstract: Neglect is a unilateral lack of responsiveness to stimuli caused by @entity11126 , a unilateral representation deficit and/or a unilateral @entity2845 . It results most frequently from right-hemisphere @entity75 , particularly of the parietal lobe but also of the frontal cortex, the basal ganglia, the thalamus, and recently it has also been described after a @entity76 . We report a @entity1 with right-sided @entity548 of the posterior @entity5487 , who developed a left-sided @entity227 . She had no @entity227 , yet she had problems detecting left-sided targets in visual extinction. Furthermore, she was impaired in detecting complex motion on the left side and targets in a fixation offset paradigm. Reactions to left-sided targets in covert shifts of attention were slowed in the invalid condition. Her text reading was impaired as she could not always find the initial word of the next line. However, she was aware of her deficit. Her visuoconstructive ability was normal and she gave no indication of tactile or acoustic extinction. As the @entity76 was located in the right hemisphere and the inattention involved the left side of space, we suggest that the damage to the right brain stem led to a transient imbalance of the noradrenergic ascending activation system which may explain her hemi-inattention.

title: Visuospatial hemi-inattention following cerebellar/brain stem XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11126 :: ('MESH:C565524', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial hemi-inattention']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual hemi-inattention', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar lesion']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study sought to determine differences in the cost-effectiveness of two vocational programs: individual placement and support (IPS), in which employment specialists within a mental health center help @entity1 obtain competitive jobs and provide them with ongoing support, and @entity14782 ( @entity14782 ), in which stepwise services that involve prevocational experiences are delivered by rehabilitation agencies. METHODS: A total of 150 unemployed inner-city @entity1 with severe @entity146 who expressed an interest in competitive employment were randomly assigned to IPS or @entity14782 programs and were followed for 18 months. Wages from all forms of employment and the number of weeks and hours of competitive employment were tracked monthly. Estimates were made of direct mental health costs and vocational costs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for competitive employment outcomes and total wages. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in the overall costs of IPS and @entity14782 . Participation in the IPS program was associated with significantly more hours and weeks of competitive employment. However, the average combined earnings-earnings from competitive and noncompetitive employment-were virtually the same both programs. The @entity10679 estimates indicated that @entity1 in the IPS program worked in competitive employment settings for an additional week over the 18-month period at a cost of  283 ( 13 an hour). CONCLUSIONS: The analyses suggest that IPS @entity1 engaged in competitive employment at a higher cost. When combined earnings were used as the outcome, data from the statistical analyses were insufficient to enable any firm conclusions to be drawn. The findings illustrate the importance of choice of outcomes in evaluations of employment programs.

title: Cost-effectiveness of two vocational rehabilitation programs for XXXX with severe mental illness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['enhanced vocational rehabilitation', 'EVR']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial in occupational health practice was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of early management of workers with @entity1643 by occupational physicians, as compared with management by the supervisor only. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Health care and university workers with @entity615 and on sick leave for less than 1 month were included in the study. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1643 for at least 10 days on sick leave were randomly assigned to early management by the occupational physician (n = 61) or to a reference group with management by the worker's supervisor during the first 3 months of sick leave (n = 59). The @entity1 were observed for 1 year and compared in terms of time until return to work, @entity158 intensity, functional disability, and general health perception. The occupational physicians were provided with management guidelines. RESULTS: No significant differences were found after 3 and 12 months of follow-up evaluation in terms of time until return to work (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.90-1.90) or in terms of other health outcomes. Recurrences, however, occurred more frequently in the intervention group, but the total duration of sick leave in 1 year did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings do not show a significant positive effect of an early intervention by occupational physicians on workers with @entity1643 . This might reflect the early phase of disability or the low intensity of the intervention resulting from overestimation of the physicians' compliance with the guidelines.

title: Early occupational health management of @entity1 with XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial in occupational health practice was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of early management of workers with @entity1643 by occupational physicians, as compared with management by the supervisor only. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Health care and university workers with @entity615 and on sick leave for less than 1 month were included in the study. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1643 for at least 10 days on sick leave were randomly assigned to early management by the occupational physician (n = 61) or to a reference group with management by the worker's supervisor during the first 3 months of sick leave (n = 59). The @entity1 were observed for 1 year and compared in terms of time until return to work, @entity158 intensity, functional disability, and general health perception. The occupational physicians were provided with management guidelines. RESULTS: No significant differences were found after 3 and 12 months of follow-up evaluation in terms of time until return to work (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.90-1.90) or in terms of other health outcomes. Recurrences, however, occurred more frequently in the intervention group, but the total duration of sick leave in 1 year did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings do not show a significant positive effect of an early intervention by occupational physicians on workers with @entity1643 . This might reflect the early phase of disability or the low intensity of the intervention resulting from overestimation of the physicians' compliance with the guidelines.

title: Early occupational health management of XXXX with @entity615 : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop and evaluate a questionnaire for diagnosis and follow-up of @entity1 with symptoms suggestive of eye surface pathology. To evaluate the efficacy of @entity936 treatment. METHODS: Samples were chosen among @entity936 @entity1 (n=44). A control group was chosen among the healthy population. The questionnaire was filled in at the beginning and end of the treatment with @entity16313 + @entity4832 (Siccafluid, @entity70949 , Spain) four times a day. Initial and final punctuation was established and confronted with other classic diagnostic tests; @entity941 tear break up time, Schirmer test and Rose Bengal staining. RESULTS: Red eyes, lid @entity32 , discharge, @entity936 , sandy and foreign body sensations, burning, itching, discomfort, pricking, tearing and @entity3917 got significantly better after treatment (p<0.05). Lid reddening, lid @entity32 , flakes in lashes, sticky eyes in the morning, @entity227 and heavy sensation didn't improve (p>0.05). Total punctuation was significantly reduced at one month of treatment (p<0.01). Validation of the test was done against other standard tests (Schirmer test and Rose Bengal). We found a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 71.5% for Schirmer test and a sensibility of 77% and specificity of 65% if gold standard was Rose Bengal. Predictive value (positive and negative), global value of the test and likelihood ratios were also assessed. CONCLUSION: This questionnaire is useful for diagnosis and follow-up of @entity1 with @entity936 and other ocular surface symptoms. @entity16313 + @entity4832 is useful for the treatment of @entity1 with secretor tear insufficiency.

title: [Validation of a questionnaire for the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['teary eyes, transitory blurring vision']

entities_list: @entity16313 :: ('MESH:C006912', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbopol', 'carbopol']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye', 'dry eyes']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['dry eye']


abstract: Growth of @entity1 connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs) was characterized on smooth and microtextured @entity13768 ( @entity16549 ) surfaces. @entity1 bone-marrow-derived cells were cultured for 9 days under conditions promoting osteoblastic differentiation on smooth @entity16549 surfaces and on @entity16549 post microtextures that were 6 microm high and 5, 10, 20, and 40 microm in diameter, respectively. Glass tissue-culture dishes were used as controls. The number of viable cells was determined, and an alkaline phosphatase stain was used as a marker for osteoblastic phenotype. CTPs attached, proliferated, and differentiated on all surfaces. Cells on the smooth @entity16549 and control surfaces spread and proliferated as colonies in proximity to other cells and migrated in random directions, with cell process lengths of up to 80 microm. In contrast, cells on the @entity16549 post microtextures grew as sparsely distributed networks of cells, with processes, occasionally up to 300 microm, that appeared to interact with the posts. Cell counts revealed that there were fewer (50%) CTPs on the smooth @entity16549 surface than were on the glass control surfaces. However, there were consistently more (>144%) CTPs on the @entity16549 post textures than on the controls. In particular, the 10-microm-in-diameter posts (268%) exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) greater cell number than did the smooth @entity16549 .

title: Growth of connective tissue progenitor cells on microtextured XXXX surfaces.

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']

answer: @entity13768 :: (MESH:C013830,Chemical) :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate interobserver variability in interpretations performed by on-call radiology fellows and subsequently by attending radiologists of CT angiograms obtained for clinically suspected @entity1151 and to evaluate factors contributing to discrepancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Written interpretations made by on-call fellows were compared with reports approved by attending radiologists for all CT angiograms obtained for suspected @entity1151 after work hours and on weekends in a recent 19-month period. Interpretations were stratified as positive, negative, or equivocal for @entity1151 . In cases of discordant interpretations, those CT angiograms were rereviewed by two thoracic radiologists; then @entity1 medical records were reviewed for evidence of clinical effect. Technical and @entity1 -related reasons for discordant interpretations of CT angiograms were recorded. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty-eight oncology @entity1 were examined on CT angiography; five were examined twice. The fellows reported 137 CT angiograms (21%) as positive, 498 (75%) as negative, and 28 (4%) as equivocal for @entity1151 . Interpretations of the fellows and attending radiologists agreed in 93% (615/663) of CT angiograms (kappa = 0.80). The concordance rates for CT angiograms interpreted by fellows as positive (89%, 122/137), negative (96%, 479/498), and equivocal (50%, 14/28) were significantly different from each other (p < 0.001 for each). A significantly greater proportion of CT angiograms with discordant interpretations was reported to be technically limited (p < 0.01). No clear adverse clinical events were attributed to discordant interpretations of CT angiograms, although the death of one @entity1 in that subgroup was of indeterminate cause. CONCLUSION: In the evaluation of CT angiograms obtained for suspected @entity1151 , on-call fellows showed good agreement with attending radiologists. CT angiograms with discordant interpretations often were limited by technical or @entity1 -related factors.

title: Comparison of interpretations of CT angiograms in the evaluation of suspected XXXX by on-call radiology fellows and subsequently by radiology faculty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative importance of the components of height in the evaluation of the @entity1386 and the cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in @entity1 aged 35-55 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. 30 healthy @entity1 were recruited. Components of height (total height, trunk length, leg length) was compared with body mass index (BMI), body fat, and different measures of central @entity1386 : waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and sagittal abdominal diameter. @entity18948 was assessed by serum levels of @entity413 , @entity1674 , total @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 ; and systolic ( @entity13519 ) and @entity551 . Biological factors and socio-economic status influences was evaluated. RESULTS: @entity413 levels were inversely associated with height (r = -0.395; p < 0.05). When analyzing this association for components of height, @entity413 was negatively related to leg length (r = -0.447; p < 0.05) and showed no association with trunk length or the superior segment. The height or its components were not significantly related to BMI, percentage of body fat, estimators of body fat distribution, blood pressure or the rest of metabolic parameters. Education level was associated with leg length (r = 0.390; p = 0.037) and negatively related to @entity413 levels (r = -0.517; p = 0.004) and other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that @entity1386 is conditioned by weight and that stature is inversely related to risk of @entity65 in @entity1 aged 35-55 years, and suggest that legs length is the component of stature that conditions this result and that socio-economic status influences in this association. Factors which might explain this association remain to be determined.

title: [Height, leg length, XXXX and @entity18948 in @entity1 aged 35-55 years].

entities_list: @entity18948 :: ('MESH:D024821', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic-cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic and cardiovascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic (DBP) blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['adiposity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative importance of the components of height in the evaluation of the @entity1386 and the cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in @entity1 aged 35-55 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. 30 healthy @entity1 were recruited. Components of height (total height, trunk length, leg length) was compared with body mass index (BMI), body fat, and different measures of central @entity1386 : waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and sagittal abdominal diameter. @entity18948 was assessed by serum levels of @entity413 , @entity1674 , total @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 ; and systolic ( @entity13519 ) and @entity551 . Biological factors and socio-economic status influences was evaluated. RESULTS: @entity413 levels were inversely associated with height (r = -0.395; p < 0.05). When analyzing this association for components of height, @entity413 was negatively related to leg length (r = -0.447; p < 0.05) and showed no association with trunk length or the superior segment. The height or its components were not significantly related to BMI, percentage of body fat, estimators of body fat distribution, blood pressure or the rest of metabolic parameters. Education level was associated with leg length (r = 0.390; p = 0.037) and negatively related to @entity413 levels (r = -0.517; p = 0.004) and other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that @entity1386 is conditioned by weight and that stature is inversely related to risk of @entity65 in @entity1 aged 35-55 years, and suggest that legs length is the component of stature that conditions this result and that socio-economic status influences in this association. Factors which might explain this association remain to be determined.

title: [Height, leg length, @entity1386 and XXXX in @entity1 aged 35-55 years].

answer: @entity18948 :: (MESH:D024821,Disease) :: ['metabolic-cardiovascular risk']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative importance of the components of height in the evaluation of the @entity1386 and the cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in @entity1 aged 35-55 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. 30 healthy @entity1 were recruited. Components of height (total height, trunk length, leg length) was compared with body mass index (BMI), body fat, and different measures of central @entity1386 : waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and sagittal abdominal diameter. @entity18948 was assessed by serum levels of @entity413 , @entity1674 , total @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 ; and systolic ( @entity13519 ) and @entity551 . Biological factors and socio-economic status influences was evaluated. RESULTS: @entity413 levels were inversely associated with height (r = -0.395; p < 0.05). When analyzing this association for components of height, @entity413 was negatively related to leg length (r = -0.447; p < 0.05) and showed no association with trunk length or the superior segment. The height or its components were not significantly related to BMI, percentage of body fat, estimators of body fat distribution, blood pressure or the rest of metabolic parameters. Education level was associated with leg length (r = 0.390; p = 0.037) and negatively related to @entity413 levels (r = -0.517; p = 0.004) and other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the hypothesis that @entity1386 is conditioned by weight and that stature is inversely related to risk of @entity65 in @entity1 aged 35-55 years, and suggest that legs length is the component of stature that conditions this result and that socio-economic status influences in this association. Factors which might explain this association remain to be determined.

title: [Height, leg length, @entity1386 and @entity18948 in XXXX aged 35-55 years].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']