abstract: BACKGROUND: Balanced forces around the hip joint are critical for normal development of the hip joint, so it should be considered in every hip reconstructive procedure. METHODS: In seven @entity1 with complete destruction of the femoral head and neck due to @entity5414 , a reconstructive hip surgery was done to reconstruct the femoral head without sacrificing the greater trochanter and its muscles completely. The technique consists of a modified greater trochanter arthroplasty with only a medial portion of the greater trochanter and a @entity2096 . RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 at surgery was 17  months (range 8-36  months) and the @entity1 were followed for an average of 16.6  years (range 10.9-20.1  years). The average number of second operative procedures for each @entity1 was 2 (range 1-4). The follow-up evaluation for each @entity1 included documentation of @entity158 , hip range of motion, and assessment of gait. In addition, the current @entity3656 , final coverage and stability of the hip joint were documented. At final evaluation, all @entity1 had a @entity158 -free stable hip and two @entity1 had near-normal hip range of motion. All @entity1 have had satisfactory surgery results. CONCLUSIONS: By this kind of hip reconstruction, we could provide a stable painless hip joint with special attention to the greater trochanter's role on hip biomechanics.

title: Greater trochanteric preserving hip arthroplasty in the treatment of XXXX : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['leg-length discrepancy']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['varus femoral osteotomy']

answer: @entity5414 :: (MESH:D001170,Disease) :: ['infantile septic arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the transaxillary surgical approach and results of thoracic outlet cases in our clinic in the light of the recent literature data. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2002 a series of 35 cases diagnosed as @entity531 ( @entity531 ) hospitalized and surgically treated in our clinic have been studied retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty-six of our cases were females (75%) and the mean age was 25+/-1 (17-40 years). The most important symptom was @entity158 in the arm. In 90% of the cases the Adson, hyperabduction and abduction external rotation (AER) tests were positive. There was paresthesia in 30 cases (85%), @entity194 in 3 cases (10%), and @entity848 in 6 cases (20%). Preoperative electromyogram (EMG) was demonstrated as 56.7 m/s (50-65) and postoperative EMG was demonstrated as 65.1 m/s (60-71). Postoperative EMG values were significantly higher than the preoperative EMG values (p<0.001). All @entity1 were operated using the transaxillary approach. A total number of 40 operations were performed. Upon radiological investigation (n=17) 50% of the @entity1 were found to have cervical ribs. In 30 cases (85%) the results were very good and in four cases (12%) good, and in one case (3%) the results were bad. There was no recurrence and reoperation in the long term follow-up. CONCLUSION: Careful @entity1 history and physical examination should be done by a team, which consists of thoracic surgeon, physical therapy specialist, and a neurologist. Total resection of the first-rib with periosteally should be preferred in all of these cases with accompanying pathologies such as @entity6148 , fibrous ligaments, and scalenius muscles. The transaxillary approach has provided a good exposure for the resection of cervical ribs, the first-rib and excision of fibrous ligaments and scalenius muscle by a perfect cosmetic result. All the @entity1 should be encouraged for 2 months of physical exercises starting from early postoperative period.

title: Transaxillary approach in XXXX : the importance of resection of the first-rib.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6148 :: ('MESH:D002573', 'Disease') :: ['cervical rib']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['localized pain']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome', 'TOS']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity531 :: (MESH:D013901,Disease) :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combining systemic agents with phototherapy is becoming a standard of care for @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 . The combination of adalimumab and phototherapy has not been previously explored. METHODS: In this 24-week single-arm open-label study, adults with moderate to severe @entity1569 received adalimumab 40 mg every other week and narrowband (NB)-UVB phototherapy three times a week for 12 weeks and then were followed for 12 weeks without treatment. Response to therapy was determined using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Body Surface Area (BSA) affected and Physician's Global Assessment ( @entity6987 ) of @entity1569 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were enrolled with mean baseline scores of 17.0 for PASI, 21.2 for BSA and 3.5 for @entity6987 . Half (10/20) of the @entity1 achieved PASI 75 response by week 4. At the end of treatment at week 12, 19 (95%) @entity1 achieved PASI-75, 15 (75%) @entity1 achieved PASI-90 and 11 (55%) @entity1 achieved PASI-100. Seventeen (85%) @entity1 were clear or almost clear ( @entity6987 score =1). Mean baseline PASI, BSA and @entity6987 scores improved by 95 percent, 93 percent and 80 percent, respectively. Disease improvement was observed through the end of follow up period at week 24. No serious adverse events were noted. CONCLUSION: Concurrent use of adalimumab and NB-UVB phototherapy was clinically effective and well tolerated in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 . This combination regimen represents a new treatment option for clinical practice and warrants further investigation in controlled clinical trials.

title: Adalimumab plus narrowband ultraviolet B light phototherapy for the treatment of moderate to severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because approximately 1 in 10 @entity1 with a breast lump or abnormal mammography result will have @entity0 , a series of decisions must be taken by a primary care practitioner to exclude or establish a diagnosis of @entity0 among these @entity1 . PURPOSE: To determine the most accurate and least invasive means to evaluate an abnormal mammography result and a palpable @entity1558 . DATA SOURCE: MEDLINE search (January 1966 to March 2003) for articles and reviews describing the accuracy of clinical examination, biopsy procedures, and radiographic examination for @entity1 with abnormal mammography results or palpable @entity1558 . STUDY SELECTION: The authors reviewed abstracts and selected articles that provided relevant primary data. Studies were included if 1) mammography, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, or core-needle biopsy was performed before a definitive diagnosis was obtained; 2) the study sample included 100 or more @entity1 ; and 3) @entity0 status was determined from histopathology review of excisional biopsy specimens, from linkage with a state @entity5 registry or the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, or from clinical follow-up of 95% or more of the study sample. DATA EXTRACTION: One investigator abstracted results. Methods were evaluated for major potential biases, but methodologic scoring was not performed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Likelihood ratios for first screening mammography were 0.1 for the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessment category "negative or benign finding," 1.2 for "probably benign finding," 7 for "need additional imaging evaluation," 125 for "suspicious abnormality," and 2200 for "highly suggestive of @entity5 ." For fine-needle aspiration biopsy of a palpable lump performed by formally trained physicians, the likelihood ratio was infinity for an assessment of "malignant," 2.6 for "atypical/suspicious," and 0.02 for "benign." When diagnostic mammography was used to evaluate a palpable lump or nonpalpable @entity1558 were 5.6 and 9.4, and the negative likelihood ratios were 0.15 and 0.19, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 whose screening mammography results are interpreted as "suspicious abnormality" or "highly suggestive of @entity5 " have a high risk for @entity0 and should undergo core-needle biopsy or needle localization with surgical biopsy. @entity1 whose screening mammography results are interpreted as "need additional imaging evaluation" have a moderate risk for @entity0 and should undergo diagnostic mammography or ultrasonography to decide whether a nonpalpable @entity1558 should be biopsied. @entity1 whose screening mammography results are interpreted as "probably benign finding" have a low risk for @entity0 and can undergo follow-up mammography in 6 months. Either fine-needle aspiration biopsy or ultrasonography is recommended as the first diagnostic test of a palpable @entity1558 to distinguish simple cysts from solid masses. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy also allows characterization of a solid mass. Diagnostic mammography does not help determine whether a palpable breast mass should be biopsied and should not affect the decision to perform a biopsy.

title: Evaluation of abnormal mammography results and palpable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast abnormality', 'breast lesion', 'breast abnormalities', 'breast abnormality, the positive likelihood ratios']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast abnormalities']


abstract: The difference in the shape of sagittal spinal curvature and distribution of @entity174 in @entity1 of comparable age with @entity170 from Japan and the United States with different cultures and lifestyles was identified. Back extensor strength was significantly associated with @entity1515 in Akita group, indicating the potential importance of strengthening the back extensor. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to assess the association of @entity85 with back strength in elderly @entity1 in Japan and the United States. METHODS: Subjects diagnosed with @entity170 were selected to participate prospectively. In both groups, we measured the angles of @entity1513 and @entity1515 with plain lateral radiographs and back extensor strength. The number of @entity174 and the ratio of lumbar fractures to @entity174 are also evaluated. The level of @entity1 ' daily activities was assessed with use of comparable tests in Akita (quality-of-life score) and Minnesota (physical activity score). RESULTS: A total of 102 Japanese @entity1 residing in Akita, Japan (Akita group), and 104 white @entity1 evaluated in Rochester, MN, USA (Minnesota group), participated in this study. The angle of @entity1513 and @entity1515 was higher in the Minnesota group than in the Akita group. The ratio of lumbar fractures to @entity174 was higher in the Akita group than in the Minnesota group. In the Akita group, multiple regression analysis revealed that the angle of @entity1515 correlated significantly with back extensor strength. CONCLUSIONS: We identified the difference in the shape of sagittal spinal curvature and distribution of @entity174 in @entity1 of comparable age with @entity170 from two geographic areas of the world with different cultures and lifestyles. Back extensor strength was significantly associated with @entity1515 in Akita group, indicating the potential importance of strengthening the back extensor for improving or maintaining @entity1515 .

title: Association of XXXX and back extensor strength in elderly @entity1 with @entity170 in Japan and the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic fractures', 'vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic spinal deformities']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal curve deformity']


abstract: The difference in the shape of sagittal spinal curvature and distribution of @entity174 in @entity1 of comparable age with @entity170 from Japan and the United States with different cultures and lifestyles was identified. Back extensor strength was significantly associated with @entity1515 in Akita group, indicating the potential importance of strengthening the back extensor. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to assess the association of @entity85 with back strength in elderly @entity1 in Japan and the United States. METHODS: Subjects diagnosed with @entity170 were selected to participate prospectively. In both groups, we measured the angles of @entity1513 and @entity1515 with plain lateral radiographs and back extensor strength. The number of @entity174 and the ratio of lumbar fractures to @entity174 are also evaluated. The level of @entity1 ' daily activities was assessed with use of comparable tests in Akita (quality-of-life score) and Minnesota (physical activity score). RESULTS: A total of 102 Japanese @entity1 residing in Akita, Japan (Akita group), and 104 white @entity1 evaluated in Rochester, MN, USA (Minnesota group), participated in this study. The angle of @entity1513 and @entity1515 was higher in the Minnesota group than in the Akita group. The ratio of lumbar fractures to @entity174 was higher in the Akita group than in the Minnesota group. In the Akita group, multiple regression analysis revealed that the angle of @entity1515 correlated significantly with back extensor strength. CONCLUSIONS: We identified the difference in the shape of sagittal spinal curvature and distribution of @entity174 in @entity1 of comparable age with @entity170 from two geographic areas of the world with different cultures and lifestyles. Back extensor strength was significantly associated with @entity1515 in Akita group, indicating the potential importance of strengthening the back extensor for improving or maintaining @entity1515 .

title: Association of @entity85 and back extensor strength in elderly @entity1 with XXXX in Japan and the United States.

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: The difference in the shape of sagittal spinal curvature and distribution of @entity174 in @entity1 of comparable age with @entity170 from Japan and the United States with different cultures and lifestyles was identified. Back extensor strength was significantly associated with @entity1515 in Akita group, indicating the potential importance of strengthening the back extensor. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to assess the association of @entity85 with back strength in elderly @entity1 in Japan and the United States. METHODS: Subjects diagnosed with @entity170 were selected to participate prospectively. In both groups, we measured the angles of @entity1513 and @entity1515 with plain lateral radiographs and back extensor strength. The number of @entity174 and the ratio of lumbar fractures to @entity174 are also evaluated. The level of @entity1 ' daily activities was assessed with use of comparable tests in Akita (quality-of-life score) and Minnesota (physical activity score). RESULTS: A total of 102 Japanese @entity1 residing in Akita, Japan (Akita group), and 104 white @entity1 evaluated in Rochester, MN, USA (Minnesota group), participated in this study. The angle of @entity1513 and @entity1515 was higher in the Minnesota group than in the Akita group. The ratio of lumbar fractures to @entity174 was higher in the Akita group than in the Minnesota group. In the Akita group, multiple regression analysis revealed that the angle of @entity1515 correlated significantly with back extensor strength. CONCLUSIONS: We identified the difference in the shape of sagittal spinal curvature and distribution of @entity174 in @entity1 of comparable age with @entity170 from two geographic areas of the world with different cultures and lifestyles. Back extensor strength was significantly associated with @entity1515 in Akita group, indicating the potential importance of strengthening the back extensor for improving or maintaining @entity1515 .

title: Association of @entity85 and back extensor strength in elderly XXXX with @entity170 in Japan and the United States.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Although osteotropic growth factors are known to play an important role in bone metabolism, knowledge about their expression in relation to age, sex and smoking remains limited. In this study we report mRNA levels of the recently discovered Lim mineralization protein splice variants ( @entity25062 , @entity10553 , @entity25062 ) and the established osteotropic growth factors @entity1841 , @entity11673 , @entity12017 , @entity2533 , @entity442 , @entity5100 and @entity540 in @entity1 iliac crest bone. Standardized bone biopsy specimens were obtained from the iliac crest during graft harvesting in 62 @entity1 (38 males, 24 females, mean age 44.7 years, range 13-78 years) undergoing spinal surgery. Samples were immediately stored in liquid @entity1568 for PCR analysis. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed for @entity2533 , @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity1841 , @entity11673 , @entity12017 , @entity540 , @entity25062 , @entity10553 and @entity25062 using @entity217 as internal standard. Triplicate measurements were made of each growth factor and @entity217 . mRNA for all examined growth factors was detected in 69% of the specimens. The lowest degree of detection was present for @entity540 and @entity1841 , both of which were found in 85% of the specimens. @entity25062 was detected in 98% of the specimens. @entity10553 in 94% and @entity25062 in 27%, respectively. @entity25062 was generally expressed in higher amounts than @entity10553 and @entity25062 . Nondetectable levels of the growth factors were more frequent in the >60-year-old males compared with >60-year-old females ( P < 0.05) and <60-year-old males ( P < 0.01). @entity25062 expression was more variable among young individuals, but mean values were similar between age groups. @entity2533 , @entity1841 and @entity12017 values did not differ between age groups, but generally a higher variation was found among older @entity1 . @entity442 values were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in males over 60 years, whereas the highest level of @entity540 mRNA was present in males younger than 20 years ( P < 0.05). In addition, regression analysis revealed correlation between @entity1841 and @entity12017 (R2 = 0.74, P < 0.0005), @entity10553 and @entity1841 (R2 = 0.27, P < 0.0005) and @entity10553 and @entity540 (R2 = 0.40, P < 0.0005). In conclusion, we have demonstrated expression of @entity25062 and @entity10553 in @entity1 bone. @entity25062 was expressed in higher amounts and showed a higher degree of variation among young individuals. @entity10553 was correlated to a number of other growth factors, suggesting that LMPs may also play a role in @entity1 bone metabolism. Higher variation in the expression of @entity2533 , @entity1841 and @entity12017 was found in the older age groups, but whether or not this can be correlated to age-related changes in bone turnover requires further studies.

title: Semiquantitative mRNA measurements of osteoinductive growth factors in XXXX iliac-crest bone: expression of LMP splice variants in @entity1 bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Although osteotropic growth factors are known to play an important role in bone metabolism, knowledge about their expression in relation to age, sex and smoking remains limited. In this study we report mRNA levels of the recently discovered Lim mineralization protein splice variants ( @entity25062 , @entity10553 , @entity25062 ) and the established osteotropic growth factors @entity1841 , @entity11673 , @entity12017 , @entity2533 , @entity442 , @entity5100 and @entity540 in @entity1 iliac crest bone. Standardized bone biopsy specimens were obtained from the iliac crest during graft harvesting in 62 @entity1 (38 males, 24 females, mean age 44.7 years, range 13-78 years) undergoing spinal surgery. Samples were immediately stored in liquid @entity1568 for PCR analysis. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed for @entity2533 , @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity1841 , @entity11673 , @entity12017 , @entity540 , @entity25062 , @entity10553 and @entity25062 using @entity217 as internal standard. Triplicate measurements were made of each growth factor and @entity217 . mRNA for all examined growth factors was detected in 69% of the specimens. The lowest degree of detection was present for @entity540 and @entity1841 , both of which were found in 85% of the specimens. @entity25062 was detected in 98% of the specimens. @entity10553 in 94% and @entity25062 in 27%, respectively. @entity25062 was generally expressed in higher amounts than @entity10553 and @entity25062 . Nondetectable levels of the growth factors were more frequent in the >60-year-old males compared with >60-year-old females ( P < 0.05) and <60-year-old males ( P < 0.01). @entity25062 expression was more variable among young individuals, but mean values were similar between age groups. @entity2533 , @entity1841 and @entity12017 values did not differ between age groups, but generally a higher variation was found among older @entity1 . @entity442 values were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in males over 60 years, whereas the highest level of @entity540 mRNA was present in males younger than 20 years ( P < 0.05). In addition, regression analysis revealed correlation between @entity1841 and @entity12017 (R2 = 0.74, P < 0.0005), @entity10553 and @entity1841 (R2 = 0.27, P < 0.0005) and @entity10553 and @entity540 (R2 = 0.40, P < 0.0005). In conclusion, we have demonstrated expression of @entity25062 and @entity10553 in @entity1 bone. @entity25062 was expressed in higher amounts and showed a higher degree of variation among young individuals. @entity10553 was correlated to a number of other growth factors, suggesting that LMPs may also play a role in @entity1 bone metabolism. Higher variation in the expression of @entity2533 , @entity1841 and @entity12017 was found in the older age groups, but whether or not this can be correlated to age-related changes in bone turnover requires further studies.

title: Semiquantitative mRNA measurements of osteoinductive growth factors in @entity1 iliac-crest bone: expression of LMP splice variants in XXXX bone.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare total @entity1877 concentrations ([Cho]) and water-to-fat (W/F) ratios of subtypes of @entity5 , benign lesions, and normal breast parenchyma and determine their usefulness in @entity0 . Reference standard was histology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this HIPPA compliant study, proton MRS was performed on 93 @entity1 with suspicious lesions (>1 cm) who underwent MRI-guided interventional procedures, and on 27 prospectively accrued @entity1 enrolled for screening MRI. (W/F) and [Cho] values were calculated using MRS data. RESULTS: Among 88 MRS-evaluable histologically-confirmed lesions, 40 @entity513 ( @entity513 ); 10 @entity1137 ( @entity1137 ); 4 @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ); 3 invasive @entity189 (IMC); 31 benign. No significant difference observed in (W/F) between benign lesions and normal breast tissue. The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for discriminating the malignant group from the benign group were 0.97, 0.72, and 0.99 using [Cho], (W/F) and their combination as biomarkers, respectively. (W/F) performs significantly (P < 0.0001;AUC = 0.96) better than [Cho] (AUC = 0.52) in differentiating @entity1137 . CONCLUSION: Although [Cho] and (W/F) are good biomarkers for differentiating @entity5 , [Cho] is a better marker. Combining both can further improve diagnostic accuracy. @entity1137 have similar [Cho] levels but are discriminated using (W/F) values.

title: Diagnostic usefulness of water-to-fat ratio and XXXX concentration in malignant and benign breast lesions and normal breast parenchyma: an in vivo (1) H MRS study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['IDC and ILC lesions', 'ILC', 'invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1877 :: (MESH:D002794,Chemical) :: ['choline']


abstract: @entity1689 has an incidence of 3-8 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year. @entity167 is the most common cause. It is, however, not an independent risk factor but rather a co-factor. Smoking and genetic predisposition are increasingly regarded as causative factors. The diagnosis is today based mainly on history and findings at imaging tests. @entity158 treatment starts with NSAID-medication with or without @entity1443 . Oral pancreatic enzyme therapy for @entity158 should be tested early in the course. Endoscopic stent insertion into the main pancreatic duct can be used in selected cases. Operation is not recommended until other less invasive methods have been tested but should ideally be performed before addiction to opiates occurs. Oral enzyme supplementation is effective in the majority of cases with @entity3147 . Most @entity1 with chronic @entity788 and @entity6 need insulin treatment. Interdisciplinary specialist treatment teams should be established and take responsibility for diagnosis, assessment and interventional procedures (e.g. endoscopy, surgery). Due to the low incidence of the disease 3-4 such teams/centres seem appropriate in our country to allow a critical @entity1 load.

title: [Guidelines for management of @entity1 with chronic XXXX . Report from a consensus conference].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: @entity1689 has an incidence of 3-8 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year. @entity167 is the most common cause. It is, however, not an independent risk factor but rather a co-factor. Smoking and genetic predisposition are increasingly regarded as causative factors. The diagnosis is today based mainly on history and findings at imaging tests. @entity158 treatment starts with NSAID-medication with or without @entity1443 . Oral pancreatic enzyme therapy for @entity158 should be tested early in the course. Endoscopic stent insertion into the main pancreatic duct can be used in selected cases. Operation is not recommended until other less invasive methods have been tested but should ideally be performed before addiction to opiates occurs. Oral enzyme supplementation is effective in the majority of cases with @entity3147 . Most @entity1 with chronic @entity788 and @entity6 need insulin treatment. Interdisciplinary specialist treatment teams should be established and take responsibility for diagnosis, assessment and interventional procedures (e.g. endoscopy, surgery). Due to the low incidence of the disease 3-4 such teams/centres seem appropriate in our country to allow a critical @entity1 load.

title: [Guidelines for management of XXXX with chronic @entity788 . Report from a consensus conference].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine prospectively the natural course of @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ) and @entity1277 not-otherwise-specified (EDNOS) and test for the effects of @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ) on relapse after remission from these @entity1277 . METHOD: 117 female @entity1 with @entity1279 (N = 35) or EDNOS (N = 82) were prospectively followed for 72 months using structured interviews performed at baseline, 6- and 12-months, and then yearly thereafter. @entity2613 were assessed with the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV, and monitored over time with the longitudinal interval follow-up evaluation. @entity1314 were assessed with the diagnostic interview for DSM-IV-personality-disorders, and monitored over time with the follow-along-version. The occurrence and specific timing of @entity7027 were assessed with the life events assessment interview. Cox proportional-hazard-regression-analyses tested associations between time-varying levels of @entity7027 and @entity2613 relapse, controlling for comorbid @entity146 , @entity2613 duration, and time-varying @entity1314 status. RESULTS: @entity2613 relapse probability was 43%; @entity1279 and EDNOS did not differ in time to relapse. Negative @entity7027 significantly predicted @entity2613 relapse; elevated work and social stressors were significant predictors. Psychiatric comorbidity, @entity2613 duration, and time-varying @entity1314 status were not significant predictors. DISCUSSION: Higher work and social stress represent significant warning signs for triggering relapse for @entity1 with remitted @entity1279 and EDNOS.

title: Stressful life events predict XXXX relapse following remission: six-year prospective outcomes.

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'stressful life events']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality-disorder', 'Personality disorders']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorder']


abstract: AIM: To identify whether @entity1 having emergency delivery are at increased risk of developing @entity308 ( @entity308 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective comparative cohort study design. Two hundred and fifty Malaysian @entity1 were part of a previous study examining the prevalence of @entity308 in a multiracial country and the effects of postnatal rituals. All @entity1 were at least 6 weeks post-partum when asked to complete the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Sociodemographic and birth data were obtained. RESULTS: Data collected were divided into two groups: 55 emergency delivery and 191 @entity341 . There were four missing data. There was no significant difference in the mean age, parity, gestational period, baby birthweight, 5 min baby Apgar score and EPDS scores of the two groups. However, the analysis of @entity308 indicated that @entity1 with emergency delivery had a relative risk of 1.81 compared with @entity1 with @entity341 . The comparison of the two groups using chi2 indicated a significant (chi2 = 3.94, d.f. = 1, P = 0.04) increase in the presence of @entity308 in the emergency delivery. CONCLUSION: When compared with @entity1 having @entity341 , @entity1 having emergency delivery had about twice the risk of developing @entity308 . Special attention to this group appears warranted.

title: Risk of XXXX after emergency delivery.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['non-emergency delivery']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['PND', 'postnatal depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['postnatal depression']


abstract: At the beginning of the XXIst century the Internet became one of the most important sources of information. Medicine and health are the main topics of discussion on numerous forums and portals. Authors of the following article took the trouble to investigate Polish forums concerning Lyme disease. A typical Googlesearch of the Polish Internet reveals 77 forums with boreliosis threads. The largest (ca. 700 threads) and mostly quoted (26/77, which states for 34% all forums contained references to it) of all the forums is entitled 'borelioza' and it is hosted by Gazeta.pl (http:// forum.gazeta.pl/forum/71,1.html?f = 26140). It was founded and it is still run by the Boreliosis @entity1 Association. The Association disseminates ideas of ILADS, which presents boreliosis as a chronic, serious disease and also supports diagnostic and treating recommendations, contradictory to the standards of renowned medical authorities. @entity1 searching the Internet for the information on boreliosis are very likely to come across the webpages referring to the forum of the Association. As a result they might encounter faulty recommendations of ILADS. Members of the Association induce one another with hypochondriac fantasies of a disease, sometimes exceeding the limits of a delusion. The Association promotes faulty convictions about the internal "enemy"--boreliosis, incompetent and unfeeling doctors protecting it, and propose to unite in common defence. Such actions are a perfect encouragement for all somatization prone @entity1 to undertake activities destructive to their health. It also leads to irrational social behaviour, which can be described as an induced hypochondria. CONCLUSION: The Internet has become a source of many unreliable information on boreliosis, which may potentially impose a serious threat to @entity1 ' health. While counselling the @entity1 who affiliate their chronic symptoms with boreliosis, do not forget the possibility of induced @entity148 , hypochondria, or a propagated distrust to the doctors and pay more attention to the @entity1 .

title: [Growing boreliosis XXXX and its reasons].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Basal fractures of the middle phalanx are uncommon, but difficult to treat. We have reviewed our first 20 @entity1 using the @entity6953 pins and rubber traction who were treated during an 8.5 year period (June 1998-December 2006) and 18 who were reviewed after 49 (range 17-116) months. All @entity130 were closed fractures of the base of the middle phalanx. Ten @entity1 had a @entity174 and dorsal subluxation of the phalanx, one had a @entity174 of the dorsal lip, and seven had @entity9256 . Median operating time was 33 (18-255) minutes. Thick "vessel loops" were often used for traction, and active movement before the traction was removed after 38 (8-46) days was disappointing. There were two superficial infections and one deep. One proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint had been treated by arthrodesis and another amputated before review. On a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 (best) to 10 (worst), @entity1 at review reported discomfort when wearing the traction as 5.5 (0-10), @entity158 as 0 (0-6), and finger function as 3 (0-6). The median Quick-DASH score (100 = worst) was 2 (0-48) and grip strength 97 (75-118) % of the other hand. Median extension, flexion, and total range of movement of the PIP joint in 16 fingers were -9  , 83  , and 72  , respectively. Our results are no more than adequate. They might have been better if the force of traction had been less by using rubber bands instead of vessel loops, if postoperative follow-up had been more frequent allowing for correction of traction when necessary, and if traction had been discontinued earlier.

title: XXXX 's pins and rubber traction for fractures of the base of the middle phalanx.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture of the volar lip', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity9256 :: ('MESH:D018460', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted pilon fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity6953 :: (8164,Species) :: ['Suzuki']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hibernation is an adaptive strategy to survive in highly seasonal or unpredictable environments. The molecular and genetic basis of hibernation physiology in mammals has only recently been studied using large scale genomic approaches. We analyzed gene expression in the @entity25785 , @entity25785 , using a custom 12,800 cDNA probe microarray to detect differences in expression that occur in heart and liver during winter hibernation in comparison to summer active animals. RESULTS: We identified 245 genes in heart and 319 genes in liver that were differentially expressed between winter and summer. The expression of 24 genes was significantly elevated during hibernation in both heart and liver. These genes are mostly involved in lipid catabolism and protein biosynthesis and include RNA binding protein motif 3 (Rbm3), which enhances protein synthesis at mildly hypothermic temperatures. Elevated expression of protein biosynthesis genes suggests induction of translation that may be related to adaptive mechanisms reducing cardiac and @entity2057 over extended periods of low metabolism and immobility during hibernation in bears. Coordinated reduction of transcription of genes involved in @entity535 catabolism suggests redirection of @entity1522 from catabolic pathways to protein biosynthesis. We identify common for black bears and small @entity1 hibernators transcriptional changes in the liver that include induction of genes responsible for @entity844 b oxidation and @entity1735 synthesis and @entity308 of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, @entity1735 catabolism, cellular respiration and detoxification pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that modulation of gene expression during winter hibernation represents molecular mechanism of adaptation to extreme environments.

title: Modulation of gene expression in heart and liver of hibernating black bears ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity25785 :: ('9643', 'Species') :: ['American black bear', 'Ursus americanus']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophies']

answer: @entity25785 :: (9643,Species) :: ['Ursus americanus']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: It is unclear whether mortality from @entity360 is changing: any differences observed might result from changes in age or comorbidity of @entity1 populations. We estimated trends in 28-day mortality in England following hospital admission for @entity360 . METHODS: We used a case-control study design to analyze data from all adults administered to a National Health Service hospital, for @entity360 , from 1999 to 2007 (n=516,153). Cases were @entity204 within 28 days of admission (n=74,992), and controls were survivors to 28 days. The 28-day mortality was derived from the linked national @entity204 register. A logistic regression model was used to adjust trends in nonvariceal and @entity548 mortality for age, sex, and comorbidities and to investigate potential interactions. RESULTS: During the study period, the unadjusted, overall, 28-day mortality following nonvariceal @entity548 was reduced from 14.7% to 13.1% (unadjusted odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.84-0.90). The mortality following @entity548 was reduced from 24.6% to 20.9% (unadjusted odds ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval: 0.69-0.95). Adjustments for age and comorbidity partly accounted for the observed trends in mortality. Different mortality trends were identified for different age groups following nonvariceal @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: The 28-day mortality in England following both nonvariceal and variceal @entity360 decreased from 1999 to 2007, and the reduction had been partly obscured by changes in @entity1 age and comorbidities. Our findings indicate that the overall management of @entity548 has improved within the first 4 weeks of admission.

title: Reductions in 28-day mortality following hospital admission for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage', 'upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: The development of the different muscles within the somite is a complex process that involves the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. To specify the proper number of muscle cells and organize them spatially and temporally, the Hh signaling pathway needs to be precisely regulated at different levels, but only a few factors external to the pathway have been described. Here, we report for the first time the role of the STAR family RNA-binding protein @entity73015 A (QkA) in somite muscle development. We show in @entity3392 that the loss of QkA function affects fast muscle fiber maturation as well as Hh-induced muscle derivative specification and/or morphogenesis. Mosaic analysis reveals that fast fiber maturation depends on the activity of QkA in the environment of fast fiber progenitors. We further show that Hh signaling requires QkA activity for muscle development. By an in silico approach, we screened the 3'UTRs of known Hh signaling component mRNAs for the @entity73015 response element and found the transcription factor @entity54254 , a known regulator of muscle fate development. Using destabilized GFP as a reporter, we show that the @entity54254 mRNA 3'UTR is a functional QkA target. Consistent with this notion, the loss of QkA function rescued slow muscle fibers in yot mutant embryos, which express a dominant-negative @entity54254 isoform. Thus, our results reveal a new mechanism to ensure muscle cell fate diversity by fine-tuning of the Hh signaling pathway via RNA-binding proteins.

title: Fine-tuning of Hh signaling by the RNA-binding protein XXXX to control muscle development.

answer: @entity73015 :: (393815(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['Quaking']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many travelers from Qu  bec visit tourist destinations, thereby becoming at risk of @entity166 . Within a study of predictors of utilization of travel health consultation by travelers, knowledge about transmission and perception of risk and severity of some @entity166 was measured. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during winter 1999 on travelers 16 years of age and over going to Mexico and the Dominican Republic. A 34-item self-administered bilingual questionnaire was distributed to travelers during seven flights departing from Montr  al Airport. RESULTS: The questionnaires were completed by 1,724 passengers (response rate: 75%). The majority (81%) of the 1,416 travelers from the province of Qu  bec considered themselves at greater risk of @entity294 abroad. Risk perception was less important for @entity99 and B (44% and 41%, respectively). Most travelers considered @entity294 as slightly or not severe, and @entity99 as severe illnesses. A majority had adequate knowledge about transmission of @entity294 but knowledge concerning @entity99 was less accurate. In the multivariate analysis, the most important associations were noted between perception of risk of @entity294 and knowledge about transmission of @entity294 (odds ratio [OR] 3.2); and between perception of risk of @entity99 and perception of severity of @entity99 ( @entity99 : OR 3.9; @entity1956 : OR 5.9). Consultation in a travel clinic before departure was associated with perception of higher risk of @entity99 and of @entity166 in general (OR 2.1). CONCLUSION: Despite its limitations, this study indicates that travelers from Qu  bec, going to sun destinations, seem to underestimate their risk of @entity99 related to travel. Knowledge about transmission of @entity99 seems poor. Education of travelers about risks and modes of transmission of @entity166 should be reinforced. Travel health consultation before departure or for a previous trip appeared to be associated with higher risk perception.

title: Perception and knowledge about some XXXX among travelers from Qu  bec, Canada.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity5 in renal transplant @entity1 is greater than in the general population. It is influenced by demographic and ethnic characteristics. We performed a retrospective study of 793 @entity1 who received 872 kidney transplants at our center during 23 years. The age at transplantation was 41.4+/-14.0 years, the follow up 75.4+/-69.4 months. The cohorts include 203 @entity1 treated with @entity500 - @entity229 ; 510, @entity205 -based therapy; and 159, @entity1140 -based therapy. There were 95 @entity1 (10.9%) who developed at least one @entity5 with 9 having more than one type of @entity5 . The incidence was of 17.3 cases per 1000 @entity1 -years. Forty-four (46.3%) had @entity1489 , 8 (8.4%) @entity2826 and 43 (45.3%) a @entity1489 . Seven of eight @entity1 with @entity2826 were on @entity10002 therapy. The risk of developing a @entity5 at 5, 10, and 15 years was 8%, 17%, and 30% respectively. In a multivariate analysis, the risk factors associated with @entity5 were older age (OR=1.061; 95% CI 1.039-1.084; P=.000), male sex (OR=2.658; 95% CI 1.536-4.599; P=.000), length of follow-up (OR=1.121; 95% CI 1.073-1.172; P =.000), and immunosuppression with @entity10002 (OR=4.448; 95% CI 1.334-14.764; P=.015). @entity5 was the cause of @entity204 in 26 @entity1 , the fourth most common cause after @entity65 , @entity281 , and @entity1578 . We conclude that @entity5 are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among transplant @entity1 . Special attention must be devoted to older male @entity1 with a long-term follow up to develop preventive and surveillance strategies.

title: Influence of immunosuppression on the prevalence of XXXX after kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ['Kaposi sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies', 'neoplastic diseases', 'neoplasm', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-skin cancer', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural history and to estimate the risk of @entity43 less than 10 cm in diameter followed conservatively by transvaginal ultrasound. METHODS: From 1987 to 2002, 15,106 asymptomatic @entity1 at least 50 years old entered the University of Kentucky's @entity43 Screening Program and underwent initial transvaginal ultrasonography. If the screen revealed nothing abnormal, @entity1 were asked to repeat transvaginal ultrasonography yearly. If the screen revealed abnormalities, transvaginal ultrasonography was repeated in 4 to 6 weeks, along with Doppler flow ultrasonography and CA 125 testing. RESULTS: Of the 15,106 @entity1 at least 50 years old, 2763 @entity1 (18%) were diagnosed with 3259 unilocular @entity42 . A total of 2261 (69.4%) of these cysts resolved spontaneously, 537 (16.5%) developed a septum, 189 (5.8%) developed a solid area, and 220 (6.8%) persisted as a unilocular lesion. During this time, 27 @entity1 received a diagnosis of @entity43 , and ten had been previously diagnosed with simple @entity42 . All ten of these @entity1 , however, developed another @entity154 , experienced resolution of the cyst before developing @entity5 , or developed @entity5 in the contralateral ovary. No @entity1 with an isolated @entity43 has developed @entity43 in this population. CONCLUSION: The risk of @entity43 less than 10 cm in diameter in @entity1 50 years old or older is extremely low. The majority will resolve spontaneously and can be followed conservatively with serial transvaginal ultrasonography.

title: Risk of XXXX less than 10 centimeters in diameter.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of unilocular ovarian cystic tumors', 'Ovarian Cancer', 'ovarian cancer', 'unilocular cystic ovarian tumor', 'malignancy in unilocular ovarian cystic tumors']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['morphologic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['malignancy in unilocular ovarian cystic tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact of parametrial lymphovascular and perineural involvement on nodal @entity3 and failure pattern of @entity1 with early-stage, surgically treated @entity5 . METHODS: Clinical records and pathologic slides of 93 @entity1 with @entity5 (2 IA2, 52 IB1, 31 IB2, and 8 IIA) treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without paraaortic lymphadenectomy were reviewed. The study group comprised 80 @entity1 with @entity957 and 13 @entity1 with @entity420 . Median follow-up time was 33 months. The association among the various histopathologic predictors of outcome was determined with chi2 analysis. The influence of the predictors on outcome was examined with log rank survival methods and the Cox regression model. RESULTS: The presence of parametrial lymphovascular space invasion is a predictor of disease in the pelvic (P<.001) and paraaortic (P<.05) lymphatics independently. Large @entity5 size (greater than 4 cm), parametrial perineural invasion, cervical lymphovascular space invasion, and @entity5 depth (greater than two thirds) were found to be simultaneous predictors of recurrence on multivariate analysis (P<.05). Using these four binary predictor variables, we have computed a model-based relative risk. Based on this model, the presence of perineural invasion in the parametria more than doubles the risk of recurrence in the cohort of @entity1 with large (greater than 4 cm) @entity5 (P<.05). In a subset analysis of @entity1 with negative @entity66 , parametrial perineural invasion and @entity5 size were independent predictors of poor outcome (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Presence of parametrial lymphovascular space invasion correlates significantly with the risk of nodal @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 . Parametrial perineural invasion is an independent poor prognostic factor. Histopathologic findings within the parametria are a valuable independent predictor of recurrence and thus may influence the selection of @entity1 for adjuvant treatment.

title: Lymphovascular and perineural invasion in the parametria: a prognostic factor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'early-stage cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cervix']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early-stage cervical cancer']


abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a specific and efficient tool to silence gene expression in a variety of organisms and cell lines. An important prospect for RNAi technology is its possible application in the treatment of diseases using short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, the effect of siRNAs in adult animals and their potential to treat or prevent diseases are yet to be fully investigated. The main goal of the present study is to find out whether it was possible to carry out RNAi on circulating @entity311 parasite in vivo. To trigger RNAi in @entity19 @entity311 parasite, we used siRNAs corresponding to @entity462 protease genes of @entity2637 (berghepain-1 _ 2). Intravenous injections of berghepains' siRNAs in infected animal resulted in characteristic enlargement of food vacuole in circulating @entity4801 . Protein analysis of these treated @entity4801 showed substantial accumulation of hemoglobin, which is reminiscent of the effect observed upon treating @entity3964 with different @entity462 protease inhibitors. Parasites treated with berghepain 1 _ 2 siRNAs showed marked reduction in the levels of their cognate mRNAs, thereby suggesting specific @entity14377 ' gene expression in vivo. We also observed the generation of approximately 25 nt RNA species from berghepains' mRNAs in the treated @entity4801 , which is a characteristic of an RNAi phenomenon. These results thus provide evidence that beyond its value for validation of gene functions, RNAi may provide a new approach for disease therapy.

title: In vivo gene silencing in @entity2637 --a @entity19 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity14377 :: ('MESH:C565433', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of berghepains']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a specific and efficient tool to silence gene expression in a variety of organisms and cell lines. An important prospect for RNAi technology is its possible application in the treatment of diseases using short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, the effect of siRNAs in adult animals and their potential to treat or prevent diseases are yet to be fully investigated. The main goal of the present study is to find out whether it was possible to carry out RNAi on circulating @entity311 parasite in vivo. To trigger RNAi in @entity19 @entity311 parasite, we used siRNAs corresponding to @entity462 protease genes of @entity2637 (berghepain-1 _ 2). Intravenous injections of berghepains' siRNAs in infected animal resulted in characteristic enlargement of food vacuole in circulating @entity4801 . Protein analysis of these treated @entity4801 showed substantial accumulation of hemoglobin, which is reminiscent of the effect observed upon treating @entity3964 with different @entity462 protease inhibitors. Parasites treated with berghepain 1 _ 2 siRNAs showed marked reduction in the levels of their cognate mRNAs, thereby suggesting specific @entity14377 ' gene expression in vivo. We also observed the generation of approximately 25 nt RNA species from berghepains' mRNAs in the treated @entity4801 , which is a characteristic of an RNAi phenomenon. These results thus provide evidence that beyond its value for validation of gene functions, RNAi may provide a new approach for disease therapy.

title: In vivo gene silencing in XXXX --a @entity19 @entity311 model.

answer: @entity2637 :: (5821,Species) :: ['Plasmodium berghei']


abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a specific and efficient tool to silence gene expression in a variety of organisms and cell lines. An important prospect for RNAi technology is its possible application in the treatment of diseases using short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, the effect of siRNAs in adult animals and their potential to treat or prevent diseases are yet to be fully investigated. The main goal of the present study is to find out whether it was possible to carry out RNAi on circulating @entity311 parasite in vivo. To trigger RNAi in @entity19 @entity311 parasite, we used siRNAs corresponding to @entity462 protease genes of @entity2637 (berghepain-1 _ 2). Intravenous injections of berghepains' siRNAs in infected animal resulted in characteristic enlargement of food vacuole in circulating @entity4801 . Protein analysis of these treated @entity4801 showed substantial accumulation of hemoglobin, which is reminiscent of the effect observed upon treating @entity3964 with different @entity462 protease inhibitors. Parasites treated with berghepain 1 _ 2 siRNAs showed marked reduction in the levels of their cognate mRNAs, thereby suggesting specific @entity14377 ' gene expression in vivo. We also observed the generation of approximately 25 nt RNA species from berghepains' mRNAs in the treated @entity4801 , which is a characteristic of an RNAi phenomenon. These results thus provide evidence that beyond its value for validation of gene functions, RNAi may provide a new approach for disease therapy.

title: In vivo gene silencing in @entity2637 --a XXXX @entity311 model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The effects of prolonged starvation on reticuloendothelial system (RE) function and on the survival of animals following @entity130 were studied. @entity35 were fasted for 51/2 days (water ad lib) after which a two-cm midline incision was made and the cecum ligated (CL). Food and water were allowed 36 h after CL and survival was measured over 5 days. The mortality rate in these animals was 60% (15/25) compared to 0% (0/15) in CL @entity35 fasted for 24 h. Starvation alone for 7 days did not produce any @entity204 but after 11 days of starvation mortality was 100%. Another group of animals were fasted for 51/2 days and were used to study RE function 10 h following CL. There was no significant difference in the intravascular clearance rates in injected lipid emulsion in various groups of animals, indicating that total phagocytic function was not changed by prolonged starvation plus CL (SCL). However, emulsion retention in the spleen, expressed as per cent injected dose per gm tissue, decreased by 53% and the lung retention increased by 988% following SLC. Serum GOT levels were not affected by prolonged starvation alone; however, SCL resulted in its elevation (37 vs. 82 IU/ml). Hepatic @entity855 levels (micromoles/g) decreased from 2.47 to 1.95 following 51/2 days starvation and following SCL, it decreased to 1.75. These results indicate that the increased metabolic demand following @entity130 (i.e., CL), coupled with prolonged starvation, altered RE function with splenic lipid emulsion uptake decreasing and pulmonary uptake increasing. The relationship of these findings to immune function remains to be determined. Although the precise cause of increased mortality is not known, altered metabolic and RE function may play a role.

title: Effect of prolonged starvation on reticuloendothelial function and survival following XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity765 (deep @entity81 ) are clonal connective tissue @entity5 that do not metastasize, but have a significant risk of local recurrence, and are associated with morbidity and occasionally mortality. Responses of desmoid @entity1 to @entity2857 on an expanded access program led us to review our experience. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, we reviewed data for 26 @entity1 with @entity765 treated with @entity2857 . @entity2857 was administered at 400 mg oral daily and adjusted for @entity137 . RESULTS: @entity2857 was the first-line therapy in 11/26 @entity1 and the remaining 15/26 had received a median of 2 prior lines of therapy. Twenty-three of 26 @entity1 had shown evidence of progressive disease by imaging, whereas 3 @entity1 had achieved maximum benefit or @entity137 with chemotherapy. Sixteen of 22 (   70%) @entity1 reported significant improvement of symptoms. At a median of 6 months (2-29) of treatment, the best response evaluation criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) 1.1 response included 6/24 (25%) @entity1 with partial response (PR), 17/24 (70%) with stable disease, and 1 with progression and @entity204 . Twelve of 13 (92%) @entity1 evaluated by MRI had > 30% decrease in T2 signal intensity, an indirect metric for increased @entity82 and loss of cellularity. Eighty percent of @entity1 with radiological benefit had extra-abdominal desmoids. DISCUSSION: @entity2857 is active against @entity765 . A prospective, randomized clinical trial of @entity2857 against other active agents is warranted. Loss of MRI T2 signal may be a useful surrogate for defining responses, but requires validation by examination of @entity5 pathology.

title: Activity of @entity2857 against @entity765 /deep XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoid tumors', 'desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatoses']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['fibromatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity765 (deep @entity81 ) are clonal connective tissue @entity5 that do not metastasize, but have a significant risk of local recurrence, and are associated with morbidity and occasionally mortality. Responses of desmoid @entity1 to @entity2857 on an expanded access program led us to review our experience. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, we reviewed data for 26 @entity1 with @entity765 treated with @entity2857 . @entity2857 was administered at 400 mg oral daily and adjusted for @entity137 . RESULTS: @entity2857 was the first-line therapy in 11/26 @entity1 and the remaining 15/26 had received a median of 2 prior lines of therapy. Twenty-three of 26 @entity1 had shown evidence of progressive disease by imaging, whereas 3 @entity1 had achieved maximum benefit or @entity137 with chemotherapy. Sixteen of 22 (   70%) @entity1 reported significant improvement of symptoms. At a median of 6 months (2-29) of treatment, the best response evaluation criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) 1.1 response included 6/24 (25%) @entity1 with partial response (PR), 17/24 (70%) with stable disease, and 1 with progression and @entity204 . Twelve of 13 (92%) @entity1 evaluated by MRI had > 30% decrease in T2 signal intensity, an indirect metric for increased @entity82 and loss of cellularity. Eighty percent of @entity1 with radiological benefit had extra-abdominal desmoids. DISCUSSION: @entity2857 is active against @entity765 . A prospective, randomized clinical trial of @entity2857 against other active agents is warranted. Loss of MRI T2 signal may be a useful surrogate for defining responses, but requires validation by examination of @entity5 pathology.

title: Activity of XXXX against @entity765 /deep @entity81 .

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['Sorafenib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity765 (deep @entity81 ) are clonal connective tissue @entity5 that do not metastasize, but have a significant risk of local recurrence, and are associated with morbidity and occasionally mortality. Responses of desmoid @entity1 to @entity2857 on an expanded access program led us to review our experience. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, we reviewed data for 26 @entity1 with @entity765 treated with @entity2857 . @entity2857 was administered at 400 mg oral daily and adjusted for @entity137 . RESULTS: @entity2857 was the first-line therapy in 11/26 @entity1 and the remaining 15/26 had received a median of 2 prior lines of therapy. Twenty-three of 26 @entity1 had shown evidence of progressive disease by imaging, whereas 3 @entity1 had achieved maximum benefit or @entity137 with chemotherapy. Sixteen of 22 (   70%) @entity1 reported significant improvement of symptoms. At a median of 6 months (2-29) of treatment, the best response evaluation criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) 1.1 response included 6/24 (25%) @entity1 with partial response (PR), 17/24 (70%) with stable disease, and 1 with progression and @entity204 . Twelve of 13 (92%) @entity1 evaluated by MRI had > 30% decrease in T2 signal intensity, an indirect metric for increased @entity82 and loss of cellularity. Eighty percent of @entity1 with radiological benefit had extra-abdominal desmoids. DISCUSSION: @entity2857 is active against @entity765 . A prospective, randomized clinical trial of @entity2857 against other active agents is warranted. Loss of MRI T2 signal may be a useful surrogate for defining responses, but requires validation by examination of @entity5 pathology.

title: Activity of @entity2857 against XXXX /deep @entity81 .

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['desmoid tumor']


abstract: OBJECT: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly @entity1235 / @entity1235 , promote early @entity32 and barrier disruption after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). Early blockade of MMPs after injury provides neuroprotection and improves motor outcome. There is recent evidence, however, that @entity1235 and @entity5780 / @entity5780 participate in later wound healing in the injured cord. The authors therefore examined the activity of these gelatinases during revascularization and @entity66 in the contused @entity19 spinal cord. METHODS: Gelatinase activity was evaluated using gelatin zymography 24 hours after a mild, moderate, or severe @entity130 . The active form of @entity5780 was not detected, whereas @entity1235 activity was evident in all @entity1566 groups and rose with increasing injury severity. The temporal expression of gelatinases was then examined using gelatin zymography after a moderate @entity1566 . The active form of @entity1235 was most prominent at 1 day, extended through the early period of revascularization, and returned to control by 14 days. The active form of @entity5780 appeared at 7 days postinjury and remained elevated compared with that documented in sham-treated @entity19 for at least 21 days. Increased @entity5780 activity coincided with both revascularization and @entity66 . Using in situ zymography, gelatinolytic activity was detected in the meninges, vascular elements, glia, and macrophage-like cells in the injured cord. Results of immunolabeling confirmed the presence of gelatinase in vessels during revascularization and in reactive astrocytes associated with @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that although @entity43314 exhibit overlapping expression during revascularization, the former is associated with @entity131 responses and the latter with formation of a @entity66 .

title: Differential temporal expression of matrix metalloproteinases after XXXX : relationship to revascularization and wound healing.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial scar', 'glial scar formation']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['contusion injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The study was designed to evaluate the influence of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy on salivary gland function and the growth of salivary @entity6586 , Lactobacillus and @entity5132 in @entity1 with @entity135 who had undergone radiation therapy. Sixteen @entity1 were included, with radiation doses from 58 to 70 Gy. The first examination was performed at baseline before the first HBO therapy (33.7    9 months after radiation therapy), and the second after 20 daily HBO therapies in a hyperbaric chamber at 2.5 ATA (absolute atmospheres), where @entity1 breathed 100% @entity26 for 90 min each day. Measurements of salivary flow, buffer capacity, saliva pH and colony density of @entity6586 , Lactobacillus and @entity5132 in stimulated saliva were conducted, and @entity2133 grade was assessed. Salivary flow increased from 0.20    0.1 to 0.39    0.2 ml/min at the end of HBO therapy (p < 0.001). Salivary pH also increased from 6.0    0.2 to 6.5    0.1 (p < 0.05). The colony density decreased from the time at baseline to the end of HBO therapy for @entity6586 (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) and the fungus @entity5132 (p < 0.05). The @entity2133 grade decreased from 2.63    0.2 to 1.94    0.2 after HBO (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in buffer capacity. The increased salivary secretion rate and salivary pH, and decreased @entity6586 and Lactobacillus colony density that were observed after HBO therapy may reduce caries progression in those @entity1 .

title: The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on postradiation XXXX and saliva in @entity1 with @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumours']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['xerostomia']


abstract: The study was designed to evaluate the influence of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy on salivary gland function and the growth of salivary @entity6586 , Lactobacillus and @entity5132 in @entity1 with @entity135 who had undergone radiation therapy. Sixteen @entity1 were included, with radiation doses from 58 to 70 Gy. The first examination was performed at baseline before the first HBO therapy (33.7    9 months after radiation therapy), and the second after 20 daily HBO therapies in a hyperbaric chamber at 2.5 ATA (absolute atmospheres), where @entity1 breathed 100% @entity26 for 90 min each day. Measurements of salivary flow, buffer capacity, saliva pH and colony density of @entity6586 , Lactobacillus and @entity5132 in stimulated saliva were conducted, and @entity2133 grade was assessed. Salivary flow increased from 0.20    0.1 to 0.39    0.2 ml/min at the end of HBO therapy (p < 0.001). Salivary pH also increased from 6.0    0.2 to 6.5    0.1 (p < 0.05). The colony density decreased from the time at baseline to the end of HBO therapy for @entity6586 (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) and the fungus @entity5132 (p < 0.05). The @entity2133 grade decreased from 2.63    0.2 to 1.94    0.2 after HBO (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in buffer capacity. The increased salivary secretion rate and salivary pH, and decreased @entity6586 and Lactobacillus colony density that were observed after HBO therapy may reduce caries progression in those @entity1 .

title: The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on postradiation @entity2133 and saliva in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumours']


abstract: The study was designed to evaluate the influence of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy on salivary gland function and the growth of salivary @entity6586 , Lactobacillus and @entity5132 in @entity1 with @entity135 who had undergone radiation therapy. Sixteen @entity1 were included, with radiation doses from 58 to 70 Gy. The first examination was performed at baseline before the first HBO therapy (33.7    9 months after radiation therapy), and the second after 20 daily HBO therapies in a hyperbaric chamber at 2.5 ATA (absolute atmospheres), where @entity1 breathed 100% @entity26 for 90 min each day. Measurements of salivary flow, buffer capacity, saliva pH and colony density of @entity6586 , Lactobacillus and @entity5132 in stimulated saliva were conducted, and @entity2133 grade was assessed. Salivary flow increased from 0.20    0.1 to 0.39    0.2 ml/min at the end of HBO therapy (p < 0.001). Salivary pH also increased from 6.0    0.2 to 6.5    0.1 (p < 0.05). The colony density decreased from the time at baseline to the end of HBO therapy for @entity6586 (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) and the fungus @entity5132 (p < 0.05). The @entity2133 grade decreased from 2.63    0.2 to 1.94    0.2 after HBO (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in buffer capacity. The increased salivary secretion rate and salivary pH, and decreased @entity6586 and Lactobacillus colony density that were observed after HBO therapy may reduce caries progression in those @entity1 .

title: The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on postradiation @entity2133 and saliva in XXXX with @entity135 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although apoptosis contributes to myocardial cell @entity204 in the @entity63 -reperfused heart, the molecular basis of apoptosis is poorly understood. @entity66 ( @entity66 ) has been characterized as a caspase-independent @entity204 effector. Upon the induction of apoptosis, mitochondrial @entity66 is released to the cytoplasm and then enters the nucleus, in which it induces chromatin condensation and 50 kbp DNA fragmentation. In the present study, we examined the role of @entity66 in @entity63 -reperfusion injury in isolated @entity35 hearts. @entity66 was detected in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions of hearts subjected to @entity63 -reperfusion, whereas it was detected only in the mitochondria of control hearts. Moreover, @entity66 release increased in a reperfusion time-dependent manner. Pulse field gel electrophoresis revealed that 50 kbp DNA fragments were produced by @entity63 /reperfusion. In contrast, cytochrome c release and the activation of @entity4124 did not occur to a significant extent. Moreover, @entity63 preconditioning attenuated the @entity66 release and the 50 kbp DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that @entity66 -dependent apoptosis is likely to attribute to myocardial cell @entity204 in the @entity63 -reperfused heart and that it is related with the protective effect of @entity63 preconditioning.

title: Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in myocardial cell XXXX by @entity63 -reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Apoptosis-inducing factor', 'AIF']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Although apoptosis contributes to myocardial cell @entity204 in the @entity63 -reperfused heart, the molecular basis of apoptosis is poorly understood. @entity66 ( @entity66 ) has been characterized as a caspase-independent @entity204 effector. Upon the induction of apoptosis, mitochondrial @entity66 is released to the cytoplasm and then enters the nucleus, in which it induces chromatin condensation and 50 kbp DNA fragmentation. In the present study, we examined the role of @entity66 in @entity63 -reperfusion injury in isolated @entity35 hearts. @entity66 was detected in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions of hearts subjected to @entity63 -reperfusion, whereas it was detected only in the mitochondria of control hearts. Moreover, @entity66 release increased in a reperfusion time-dependent manner. Pulse field gel electrophoresis revealed that 50 kbp DNA fragments were produced by @entity63 /reperfusion. In contrast, cytochrome c release and the activation of @entity4124 did not occur to a significant extent. Moreover, @entity63 preconditioning attenuated the @entity66 release and the 50 kbp DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that @entity66 -dependent apoptosis is likely to attribute to myocardial cell @entity204 in the @entity63 -reperfused heart and that it is related with the protective effect of @entity63 preconditioning.

title: Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in myocardial cell @entity204 by XXXX -reperfusion.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of weekly intratumoral TNFerade    injections combined with concurrent @entity416 and radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 with T3, T4, or N+ @entity5 received radiotherapy to a total dose of 50.4-54 Gy in combination with @entity416 937.5 mg/m(2) p.o. b.i.d. TNFerade    at a dose of 4 * 10(10) particle units was injected into the @entity5 on the first day of radiotherapy and weekly for a total of 5 injections. Surgery was performed 5-10 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were enrolled in this pilot trial. The stage was @entity16065 in 2 @entity1 , @entity16178 in 6 @entity1 , cT4 in 1 @entity1 , N- in 7 @entity1 and N+ in 2 @entity1 . Eight @entity1 completed all treatments. Grade 3 hematologic @entity137 was observed in 2 @entity1 . There was no @entity137 directly attributable to the injection procedure. A complete pathologic response was observed in 2 of 9 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of weekly intratumoral TNFerade    injections during chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced @entity5 . Pathologic responses with this combination compare favorably to published rates.

title: A pilot feasibility study of TNFerade    biologic with XXXX and radiation therapy followed by surgical resection for the treatment of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumor', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of weekly intratumoral TNFerade    injections combined with concurrent @entity416 and radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 with T3, T4, or N+ @entity5 received radiotherapy to a total dose of 50.4-54 Gy in combination with @entity416 937.5 mg/m(2) p.o. b.i.d. TNFerade    at a dose of 4 * 10(10) particle units was injected into the @entity5 on the first day of radiotherapy and weekly for a total of 5 injections. Surgery was performed 5-10 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were enrolled in this pilot trial. The stage was @entity16065 in 2 @entity1 , @entity16178 in 6 @entity1 , cT4 in 1 @entity1 , N- in 7 @entity1 and N+ in 2 @entity1 . Eight @entity1 completed all treatments. Grade 3 hematologic @entity137 was observed in 2 @entity1 . There was no @entity137 directly attributable to the injection procedure. A complete pathologic response was observed in 2 of 9 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of weekly intratumoral TNFerade    injections during chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced @entity5 . Pathologic responses with this combination compare favorably to published rates.

title: A pilot feasibility study of TNFerade    biologic with @entity416 and radiation therapy followed by surgical resection for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Aim/Background: A 1-bp deletion ( @entity45306 ) in the @entity11373 (also known as arrestin or @entity11373 ) gene is the most frequently seen mutation in Japanese @entity1 suffering from @entity39489 , a @entity74 . We investigated macular function in a @entity1 with @entity39489 with the @entity45306 mutation. Methods: A 43-year-old Japanese male @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity39489 . The @entity1 underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field testing. Full-field electroretinograms (ff-ERG) and multifocal ERG (mf-ERG) were recorded. Mutational analysis of the @entity11373 gene was performed. Results: Corrected visual acuity was @entity735 . Funduscopy showed retinal pigment epithelium @entity194 along the vascular arcade bilaterally. The inner segment-outer segment (ISOS) boundary lines were preserved in the foveal and parafoveal areas, whereas ISOS boundary defects and thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) were seen outside the preserved ISOS boundary. Humphrey testing showed significant paracentral field @entity735 . In addition to an absence of rod responses, cone and 30-Hz flicker responses were markedly reduced in ff-ERG. The central ( @entity16720 ) and paracentral ( @entity21415 ) responses with normal latencies were relatively preserved, but the outer waveforms (rings 3-5) were attenuated and prolonged in mf-ERG. The deletion mutation ( @entity45306 ) was identified homozygously. Conclusions: The reduced/delayed mf-ERG responses and @entity227 in paracentral macula areas are most likely to be correlated with ISOS boundary defects and thinning of the ONL. @entity409 can occur in @entity39489 with the @entity45306 mutation in the @entity11373 gene.

title: Macular Dysfunction in XXXX with the Frequent Mutation @entity45306 in the @entity11373 Gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Macular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['good in both eyes', 'defects in both eyes']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessively inherited stationary night blindness']

entities_list: @entity39489 :: ('MESH:C537743', 'Disease') :: ['Oguchi disease']

answer: @entity39489 :: (MESH:C537743,Disease) :: ['Oguchi Disease']


abstract: Aim/Background: A 1-bp deletion ( @entity45306 ) in the @entity11373 (also known as arrestin or @entity11373 ) gene is the most frequently seen mutation in Japanese @entity1 suffering from @entity39489 , a @entity74 . We investigated macular function in a @entity1 with @entity39489 with the @entity45306 mutation. Methods: A 43-year-old Japanese male @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity39489 . The @entity1 underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field testing. Full-field electroretinograms (ff-ERG) and multifocal ERG (mf-ERG) were recorded. Mutational analysis of the @entity11373 gene was performed. Results: Corrected visual acuity was @entity735 . Funduscopy showed retinal pigment epithelium @entity194 along the vascular arcade bilaterally. The inner segment-outer segment (ISOS) boundary lines were preserved in the foveal and parafoveal areas, whereas ISOS boundary defects and thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) were seen outside the preserved ISOS boundary. Humphrey testing showed significant paracentral field @entity735 . In addition to an absence of rod responses, cone and 30-Hz flicker responses were markedly reduced in ff-ERG. The central ( @entity16720 ) and paracentral ( @entity21415 ) responses with normal latencies were relatively preserved, but the outer waveforms (rings 3-5) were attenuated and prolonged in mf-ERG. The deletion mutation ( @entity45306 ) was identified homozygously. Conclusions: The reduced/delayed mf-ERG responses and @entity227 in paracentral macula areas are most likely to be correlated with ISOS boundary defects and thinning of the ONL. @entity409 can occur in @entity39489 with the @entity45306 mutation in the @entity11373 gene.

title: Macular Dysfunction in @entity39489 with the Frequent Mutation @entity45306 in the XXXX Gene.

answer: @entity11373 :: (6295,Gene) :: ['SAG']


abstract: Aim/Background: A 1-bp deletion ( @entity45306 ) in the @entity11373 (also known as arrestin or @entity11373 ) gene is the most frequently seen mutation in Japanese @entity1 suffering from @entity39489 , a @entity74 . We investigated macular function in a @entity1 with @entity39489 with the @entity45306 mutation. Methods: A 43-year-old Japanese male @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity39489 . The @entity1 underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field testing. Full-field electroretinograms (ff-ERG) and multifocal ERG (mf-ERG) were recorded. Mutational analysis of the @entity11373 gene was performed. Results: Corrected visual acuity was @entity735 . Funduscopy showed retinal pigment epithelium @entity194 along the vascular arcade bilaterally. The inner segment-outer segment (ISOS) boundary lines were preserved in the foveal and parafoveal areas, whereas ISOS boundary defects and thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) were seen outside the preserved ISOS boundary. Humphrey testing showed significant paracentral field @entity735 . In addition to an absence of rod responses, cone and 30-Hz flicker responses were markedly reduced in ff-ERG. The central ( @entity16720 ) and paracentral ( @entity21415 ) responses with normal latencies were relatively preserved, but the outer waveforms (rings 3-5) were attenuated and prolonged in mf-ERG. The deletion mutation ( @entity45306 ) was identified homozygously. Conclusions: The reduced/delayed mf-ERG responses and @entity227 in paracentral macula areas are most likely to be correlated with ISOS boundary defects and thinning of the ONL. @entity409 can occur in @entity39489 with the @entity45306 mutation in the @entity11373 gene.

title: Macular Dysfunction in @entity39489 with the Frequent Mutation XXXX in the @entity11373 Gene.

answer: @entity45306 :: (c|DEL|1147|A,DNAMutation) :: ['1147delA']


abstract: Like any other @entity1 , a @entity161 @entity1 can get a @entity221 , too. As such @entity1 tend to ignore reality and neglect themselves and are stigmatized by society, due to which their physical symptomatology is often ignored, @entity221 can remain undetected. If the @entity161 @entity1 is observed and adequate care is provided by the family, family doctor and a psychiatrist, it is possible to recognize the @entity221 and intervene promptly. We are presenting a case of a female @entity1 who has been treated for @entity161 for a number of years. The treatment was mostly ambulatory (i.e. the @entity1 was hospitalized twice) and consisted of first-generation antipsychotics. During the past two years, for reasons unknown, the @entity1 stopped taking regular meals and as a result lost significant body weight, became apathetic and withdrawn, started avoiding social contacts and neglected personal hygiene. She reportedly took the psychopharmaca regularly, but rarely attended @entity146 follow-up consultations. Due to substantial weight loss and @entity2421 , correction of antipsychotic was made and internist treatment administered. The choice of @entity1037 was not an accidental one. We decided to take advantage of its side effect for the treatment of an @entity10645 . Interdisciplinary cooperation proved to be a justified decision.

title: Treatment strategy in XXXX combined with eating disorder.

entities_list: @entity10645 :: ('MESH:C567938', 'Disease') :: ['anorectic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['physical illness']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increased arterial stiffness was reported to be associated with decreased estimated GFR (eGFR). Previous studies suggested that arterial stiffness might play a role in renal function progression in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was an independent association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, and renal function progression in @entity740 @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: This longitudinal study enrolled 145 @entity1 with @entity740 stages 3 to 5. The baPWV was measured by using an ABI-form device. The change in renal function was estimated by eGFR slope. The study endpoints were defined as commencement of dialysis or @entity204 . RESULTS: After a stepwise multivariate analysis, the eGFR slope was positively associated with baseline eGFR and negatively associated with @entity101 and baPWV (b=-0.165, P=0.033). Seventeen @entity1 entering dialysis, and eight deaths were recorded. Multivariate forward Cox regression analysis identified that higher baPWV (hazard ratio, 1.001; P=0.001), lower baseline eGFR, and higher serum @entity1391 level were independently associated with progression to commencement of dialysis or @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show an independent association between baPWV and renal function decline and progression to commencement of dialysis or @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity740 . Screening @entity740 @entity1 by means of baPWV may help identify a high-risk group of rapid renal function decline and progression to commencing dialysis or @entity204 .

title: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and rate of renal function decline and mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Regenerating islet-derived family member, 4 ( @entity14511 ) is a secreted protein and member of the C-type lectin superfamily. Expression analyses have characterized @entity14511 as a prognostic marker for certain @entity5 ; however, the functional role of @entity14511 in @entity5 , including downstream signaling, has only begun to be elucidated. To investigate the biological role of @entity14511 in @entity5 , phosphorylation events were studied in @entity5 cell lines in the context of either @entity14511 stimulation (HCT116 cells) or knockdown of endogenous @entity14511 ( @entity10642 and KM12 cells). In addition to the previously observed impact on @entity470 and @entity584 phosphorylation, we observed modulation in the phosphorylation of multiple additional receptor @entity669 kinases (RTKs), including insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor as well as their downstream effectors, mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity4357 -3-kinase pathways. Furthermore, knockdown of @entity14511 impacted the ability of insulin and EGF to stimulate downstream @entity669 phosphorylation. Knockdown of @entity14511 in @entity5 cell lines inhibited anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent (both soft-agar and spheroid assays) cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest. This was accompanied by upregulation of @entity3544 and @entity993 . Transiently silencing @entity14511 in @entity5 cells induced apoptosis and downregulated @entity588 . Conversely, stimulation of HCT116 cells with recombinant @entity14511 induced @entity588 . @entity2284 , a molecule implicated in drug resistance, was similarly modulated by @entity14511 . Consistent with our observations with @entity14511 siRNA-mediated knockdown, monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity14511 inhibited @entity10642 and KM12 cell growth. Collectively, @entity14511 plays an important role in @entity5 by modulation of key signaling molecules including @entity2284 , @entity588 and multiple RTKs.

title: Regenerating islet-derived family member, 4 modulates multiple receptor XXXX kinases and mediators of drug resistance in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Regenerating islet-derived family member, 4 ( @entity14511 ) is a secreted protein and member of the C-type lectin superfamily. Expression analyses have characterized @entity14511 as a prognostic marker for certain @entity5 ; however, the functional role of @entity14511 in @entity5 , including downstream signaling, has only begun to be elucidated. To investigate the biological role of @entity14511 in @entity5 , phosphorylation events were studied in @entity5 cell lines in the context of either @entity14511 stimulation (HCT116 cells) or knockdown of endogenous @entity14511 ( @entity10642 and KM12 cells). In addition to the previously observed impact on @entity470 and @entity584 phosphorylation, we observed modulation in the phosphorylation of multiple additional receptor @entity669 kinases (RTKs), including insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor as well as their downstream effectors, mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity4357 -3-kinase pathways. Furthermore, knockdown of @entity14511 impacted the ability of insulin and EGF to stimulate downstream @entity669 phosphorylation. Knockdown of @entity14511 in @entity5 cell lines inhibited anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent (both soft-agar and spheroid assays) cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest. This was accompanied by upregulation of @entity3544 and @entity993 . Transiently silencing @entity14511 in @entity5 cells induced apoptosis and downregulated @entity588 . Conversely, stimulation of HCT116 cells with recombinant @entity14511 induced @entity588 . @entity2284 , a molecule implicated in drug resistance, was similarly modulated by @entity14511 . Consistent with our observations with @entity14511 siRNA-mediated knockdown, monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity14511 inhibited @entity10642 and KM12 cell growth. Collectively, @entity14511 plays an important role in @entity5 by modulation of key signaling molecules including @entity2284 , @entity588 and multiple RTKs.

title: Regenerating islet-derived family member, 4 modulates multiple receptor @entity669 kinases and mediators of drug resistance in XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the radiosensitivity of @entity1 @entity0 cells, T-47D, irradiated with low dose-rates and to study activation of the @entity995 gene product in the G1 and G2 phases during irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cells were irradiated with (60)Co gamma-rays with dose-rates of 0.37 and 0.94 Gy h(-1). Cell survival was measured as the ability of cells to form colonies. Cells were extracted, fixed and stained for simultaneous measurements of nuclear-bound @entity996 content and DNA content. Cell nuclei were stained with monoclonal antibody PMG3-245 and @entity2455 was used for additional staining of DNA. Two-parametric flow cytometry measurements of @entity996 and DNA content were performed using a FACSTAR(PLUS) flow cytometer. RESULTS: It was observed that irradiated cells were arrested in G2. No increase in radiation sensitivity was observed when the cells accumulated in G2. Irradiation of cells at both 0.37 and 0.94 Gy h(-1) resulted in exponential dose-survival curves with nearly equal alpha values, i.e. the same radiosensitivity. However, the @entity995 gene product was bound in the nucleus, i.e. hypophosphorylated, in about 15% of the cells arrested in G2. CONCLUSIONS: T47-D cells accumulate in G2 during low dose irradiation, but no inverse dose-rate effect, i.e. a more efficient inactivation of cells at lower than at higher dose-rates, was observed. A population of arrested G2 cells has @entity996 protein bound in the nucleus, and @entity996 therefore could play a role in protecting cells against radiation-induced cell death in G2.

title: Lack of inverse dose-rate effect and binding of the XXXX gene product in the nucleus of @entity1 cancer T-47D cells arrested in G2 by ionizing radiation.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']