abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Objective: This study examines the efficacy of the @entity4783 transdermal system (BTDS) for reducing the interference of @entity158 on physical and emotional functioning associated with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). Methods: A post-hoc analysis used data from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1643 . The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) measured @entity158 interference at screening, following a run-in period, and during the 12-week double-blind treatment phase. Statistical analyses examined treatment arm differences (BTDS vs placebo) for the following: BPI Interference subscale items and subscale scores at the trial end point (week 12); patterns of change in the Interference subscale scores over time; proportions of @entity1 indicating mild or no interference following treatment; and proportions of @entity1 showing improvement (30%, 50%, 2-point, or 4-point change in score from screening to week 12) for each item and subscale. Results: Mean scores for BPI Interference items and Interference subscale were significantly lower (ie, indicated less interference) for BTDS than for placebo (all P < 0.001). Treatment arm differences in Interference subscale scores emerged within 4 weeks of treatment. The BTDS @entity1 were significantly more likely to indicate mild/no interference on 5 of 7 Interference subscale items following treatment (P < 0.05). For most comparisons, BTDS @entity1 were significantly more likely to show criterion-level improvements in Interference item and subscale scores (P < 0.05 for differences). Discussion: Results indicate the efficacy of BTDS treatment, compared with placebo, for reducing the interference of @entity158 on physical and emotional functioning in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1643 . The advantage of BTDS was observed within 4 weeks of treatment, and was maintained throughout the 12-week treatment phase.

title: XXXX transdermal system compared with placebo reduces interference in functioning for @entity1643 .

answer: @entity4783 :: (MESH:D002047,Chemical) :: ['Buprenorphine']


abstract: In vivo methods to study gallbladder contractility either equate gallbladder emptying with contraction or have relied on changes in gallbladder intravesicular pressure to reflect active transmural tension. We therefore devised an animal model in which the contractile force of the intact gallbladder is measured directly while the blood and neural supply remains uncompromised. Under general anesthesia one pole of the @entity840 gallbladder is anchored to the sternum and the other connected to a force displacement transducer. Any contraction--relaxation between these two points is recorded. This model was validated by measuring gallbladder response to both neuronal and humoral stimulation. Nerve stimulation was accomplished by means of two @entity575 collar electrodes placed in contact with the cystic duct. With nerve stimulation, a frequency (0.5-10 Hz) or amplitude (1-10 V) dependent contraction occurred. Intravenous @entity10257 (10 X 10(4) ng . kg-1 . h-1) and @entity8586 (3 X 10(4) ng . kg-1 . h-1) both induced dose-dependent @entity1085 . This model should prove useful in assessing the physiologic control of @entity1085 .

title: Direct determination of the contractility of the XXXX gallbladder: a new in vivo model.

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder contraction']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity10257 :: ('MESH:D018723', 'Chemical') :: ['bethanechol']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: As a type of @entity4243 ( @entity4243 ), vascular EDs (vEDS) is typified by a number of characteristic facial features (eg, large eyes, small chin, sunken cheeks, thin nose and lips, lobeless ears). However, vEDs does not typically display @entity14884 and skin hyperextensibility, which are features typical of the more common forms of @entity4243 . Thus, colonic perforation or @entity1756 may be the first presentation of the disease. Because both complications are associated with a reduced life expectancy for individuals with this condition, an awareness of the clinical features of vEDS is important.Here, we describe the treatment of vEDS lacking the characteristic facial attributes in a 24-year-old healthy @entity1 who presented to the emergency room with @entity490 . Enhanced computed tomography revealed @entity7261 and perforation in the sigmoid colon. The lesion of the sigmoid colon perforation was removed, and Hartmann procedure was performed. During the surgery, the control of @entity548 was required because of @entity2100 . Subsequent molecular and genetic analysis was performed based on the suspected diagnosis of vEDS. These analyses revealed reduced type III collagen synthesis in cultured skin fibroblasts and identified a previously undocumented mutation in the gene for a1 type III collagen, confirming the diagnosis of vEDS. After eliciting a detailed medical profile, we learned his mother had a history of extensive @entity2981 since childhood and idiopathic hematothorax. Both were prescribed oral @entity9747 . One year after admission, the @entity1 was free of recurrent perforation.This case illustrates an awareness of the clinical characteristics of vEDS and the family history is important because of the high mortality from this condition even in young @entity1 . Importantly, genetic assays could help in determining the surgical procedure and offer benefits to relatives since this condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

title: XXXX without the characteristic facial features: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'people']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome', 'EDS']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['vascular fragility']

entities_list: @entity14884 :: ('MESH:D007593', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility of the large joints']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9747 :: ('MESH:D017272', 'Chemical') :: ['celiprolol']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity4243 :: (MESH:D004535,Disease) :: ['Vascular ehlers-danlos syndrome']


abstract: @entity5018 , 400 mg, was compared with 300 mg @entity1443 plus 30 mg of @entity10425 and placebo in 120 post-orthopedic surgery @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity158 . The study was designed as a double-blind, single-dose, parallel-group analgesic efficacy assay. Estimates of @entity1337 were obtained up to 6 h using categorical and visual analog measures of @entity158 intensity and @entity158 relief. Estimates of selected elements of mood and of sensory and affective components of @entity158 were obtained at 0 and 2 h using contrasting mood word/phrase pairs and a portion of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, respectively. Drugs were distinguishable from placebo in total analgesic effect, and @entity5018 was more effective than @entity1443 plus @entity10425 , especially in terms of duration. While peak effects were comparable, they occurred 1 h later following @entity5018 . Differences among treatments were more discernible using visual analog measures. Side effects were minimal. @entity5018 provided greater improvement in selected elements of mood than @entity1443 plus @entity10425 at comparable levels of @entity158 relief. While @entity158 were most highly associated with @entity158 relief provided by @entity5018 , decreases in the affective component were most highly associated with @entity158 relief following @entity1443 plus @entity10425 . These latter results indicate that mood assessment and the discrimination between sensory and affective components of @entity158 could be particularly useful within analgesic drug assays, especially when comparing analgesics of differing pharmacologic class and when comparing the results of such assays in @entity158 syndromes characterized by differing @entity158 quality.

title: Efficacy and quality of @entity5018 and XXXX plus @entity10425 @entity1337 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'decreases in the sensory component of pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: @entity5018 , 400 mg, was compared with 300 mg @entity1443 plus 30 mg of @entity10425 and placebo in 120 post-orthopedic surgery @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity158 . The study was designed as a double-blind, single-dose, parallel-group analgesic efficacy assay. Estimates of @entity1337 were obtained up to 6 h using categorical and visual analog measures of @entity158 intensity and @entity158 relief. Estimates of selected elements of mood and of sensory and affective components of @entity158 were obtained at 0 and 2 h using contrasting mood word/phrase pairs and a portion of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, respectively. Drugs were distinguishable from placebo in total analgesic effect, and @entity5018 was more effective than @entity1443 plus @entity10425 , especially in terms of duration. While peak effects were comparable, they occurred 1 h later following @entity5018 . Differences among treatments were more discernible using visual analog measures. Side effects were minimal. @entity5018 provided greater improvement in selected elements of mood than @entity1443 plus @entity10425 at comparable levels of @entity158 relief. While @entity158 were most highly associated with @entity158 relief provided by @entity5018 , decreases in the affective component were most highly associated with @entity158 relief following @entity1443 plus @entity10425 . These latter results indicate that mood assessment and the discrimination between sensory and affective components of @entity158 could be particularly useful within analgesic drug assays, especially when comparing analgesics of differing pharmacologic class and when comparing the results of such assays in @entity158 syndromes characterized by differing @entity158 quality.

title: Efficacy and quality of @entity5018 and @entity1443 plus XXXX @entity1337 .

answer: @entity10425 :: (MESH:D003061,Chemical) :: ['codeine']


abstract: @entity5018 , 400 mg, was compared with 300 mg @entity1443 plus 30 mg of @entity10425 and placebo in 120 post-orthopedic surgery @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity158 . The study was designed as a double-blind, single-dose, parallel-group analgesic efficacy assay. Estimates of @entity1337 were obtained up to 6 h using categorical and visual analog measures of @entity158 intensity and @entity158 relief. Estimates of selected elements of mood and of sensory and affective components of @entity158 were obtained at 0 and 2 h using contrasting mood word/phrase pairs and a portion of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, respectively. Drugs were distinguishable from placebo in total analgesic effect, and @entity5018 was more effective than @entity1443 plus @entity10425 , especially in terms of duration. While peak effects were comparable, they occurred 1 h later following @entity5018 . Differences among treatments were more discernible using visual analog measures. Side effects were minimal. @entity5018 provided greater improvement in selected elements of mood than @entity1443 plus @entity10425 at comparable levels of @entity158 relief. While @entity158 were most highly associated with @entity158 relief provided by @entity5018 , decreases in the affective component were most highly associated with @entity158 relief following @entity1443 plus @entity10425 . These latter results indicate that mood assessment and the discrimination between sensory and affective components of @entity158 could be particularly useful within analgesic drug assays, especially when comparing analgesics of differing pharmacologic class and when comparing the results of such assays in @entity158 syndromes characterized by differing @entity158 quality.

title: Efficacy and quality of @entity5018 and @entity1443 plus @entity10425 XXXX .

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: @entity5018 , 400 mg, was compared with 300 mg @entity1443 plus 30 mg of @entity10425 and placebo in 120 post-orthopedic surgery @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity158 . The study was designed as a double-blind, single-dose, parallel-group analgesic efficacy assay. Estimates of @entity1337 were obtained up to 6 h using categorical and visual analog measures of @entity158 intensity and @entity158 relief. Estimates of selected elements of mood and of sensory and affective components of @entity158 were obtained at 0 and 2 h using contrasting mood word/phrase pairs and a portion of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, respectively. Drugs were distinguishable from placebo in total analgesic effect, and @entity5018 was more effective than @entity1443 plus @entity10425 , especially in terms of duration. While peak effects were comparable, they occurred 1 h later following @entity5018 . Differences among treatments were more discernible using visual analog measures. Side effects were minimal. @entity5018 provided greater improvement in selected elements of mood than @entity1443 plus @entity10425 at comparable levels of @entity158 relief. While @entity158 were most highly associated with @entity158 relief provided by @entity5018 , decreases in the affective component were most highly associated with @entity158 relief following @entity1443 plus @entity10425 . These latter results indicate that mood assessment and the discrimination between sensory and affective components of @entity158 could be particularly useful within analgesic drug assays, especially when comparing analgesics of differing pharmacologic class and when comparing the results of such assays in @entity158 syndromes characterized by differing @entity158 quality.

title: Efficacy and quality of XXXX and @entity1443 plus @entity10425 @entity1337 .

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: With >24 million @entity1 affected worldwide, @entity303 is one of the main public health challenges modern medicine has to face. The path leading to @entity303 is often long, with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, and preceded by a long preclinical phase. Previous studies have demonstrated that clinical @entity64 and @entity455 of the brain contribute to the risk for developing @entity303 . Although it is not yet known whether preventing such lesions reduces the risk for @entity303 , it is likely that starting preventive measures early in the course of the disease may be beneficial. Echocardiography is a widely available, relatively inexpensive, noninvasive imaging modality whereby morphologically or hemodynamically derived parameters may be integrated easily into a risk assessment model for @entity303 . The aim of this review is to analyze the information that has accumulated over the past two decades on the prognostic value of echocardiographic factors in @entity73 . The associations between @entity73 and echocardiographic parameters, including left ventricular systolic and diastolic indices, left @entity998 , left ventricular mass, and aortic root diameter, have previously been reported. In the light of these studies, it appears that echocardiography may help further improve currently used risk assessment models by allowing detection of subclinical @entity299 associated with future @entity73 . However, many limitations, including methodologic heterogeneity and the observational designs of these studies, restrict the scope of these results. Further prospective studies are required before integrating echocardiography into a preventive strategy.

title: Relationship between XXXX and Echocardiographic Parameters: A Review.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['covert vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['atrial morphologic parameters, cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Impairment']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity24592 (citrin or aspartate-glutamate carrier 2) is located in the mitochondrial membrane in the liver and its @entity74 causes adult-onset @entity22374 ( @entity24592 ). @entity24592 is one of the @entity3205 characterized by @entity2459 due to reduced argininosuccinate synthase activity. This disorder is frequently accompanied with hepatosteatosis in the absence of @entity28 and ethanol consumption. However, the precise mechanism of steatogenesis remains unclear. The expression of genes associated with fatty acid (FA) and triglyceride (TG) metabolism was examined using liver samples obtained from 16 @entity24592 @entity1 and compared with 7 healthy individuals. Although expression of hepatic genes associated with lipogenesis and TG hydrolysis was not changed, the mRNAs encoding enzymes/proteins involved in FA oxidation (carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase 1a, medium- and very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, and acyl-CoA oxidase 1), very-low-density lipoprotein secretion (microsomal TG transfer protein), and FA transport ( @entity4210 and FA-binding protein 1), were markedly suppressed in @entity24592 patients. Serum concentrations of ketone bodies were also decreased in these @entity1 , suggesting reduced mitochondrial b-oxidation activity. Consistent with these findings, the expression of @entity5601 ( @entity5601 ), a master regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism, was significantly down-regulated. Hepatic @entity5601 expression was inversely correlated with severity of @entity1560 and circulating ammonia and citrulline levels. Additionally, phosphorylation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase was enhanced in @entity24592 livers, which was likely associated with lower hepatic @entity5601 . Collectively, down-regulation of @entity5601 is associated with steatogenesis in @entity24592 @entity1 . These findings provide a novel link between @entity3205 , lipid metabolism, and @entity5601 .

title: Steatogenesis in adult-onset @entity22374 is associated with down-regulation of XXXX

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity22374 :: ('MESH:C538053', 'Disease') :: ['type II citrullinemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5601 :: ('5465', 'Gene') :: ['PPARa', 'peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a']

entities_list: @entity3205 :: ('MESH:D056806', 'Disease') :: ['urea cycle disorders', 'urea cycle disorder']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden-onset hyperammonemia']

answer: @entity5601 :: (5465,Gene) :: ['PPARa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity24592 (citrin or aspartate-glutamate carrier 2) is located in the mitochondrial membrane in the liver and its @entity74 causes adult-onset @entity22374 ( @entity24592 ). @entity24592 is one of the @entity3205 characterized by @entity2459 due to reduced argininosuccinate synthase activity. This disorder is frequently accompanied with hepatosteatosis in the absence of @entity28 and ethanol consumption. However, the precise mechanism of steatogenesis remains unclear. The expression of genes associated with fatty acid (FA) and triglyceride (TG) metabolism was examined using liver samples obtained from 16 @entity24592 @entity1 and compared with 7 healthy individuals. Although expression of hepatic genes associated with lipogenesis and TG hydrolysis was not changed, the mRNAs encoding enzymes/proteins involved in FA oxidation (carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase 1a, medium- and very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, and acyl-CoA oxidase 1), very-low-density lipoprotein secretion (microsomal TG transfer protein), and FA transport ( @entity4210 and FA-binding protein 1), were markedly suppressed in @entity24592 patients. Serum concentrations of ketone bodies were also decreased in these @entity1 , suggesting reduced mitochondrial b-oxidation activity. Consistent with these findings, the expression of @entity5601 ( @entity5601 ), a master regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism, was significantly down-regulated. Hepatic @entity5601 expression was inversely correlated with severity of @entity1560 and circulating ammonia and citrulline levels. Additionally, phosphorylation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase was enhanced in @entity24592 livers, which was likely associated with lower hepatic @entity5601 . Collectively, down-regulation of @entity5601 is associated with steatogenesis in @entity24592 @entity1 . These findings provide a novel link between @entity3205 , lipid metabolism, and @entity5601 .

title: Steatogenesis in adult-onset XXXX is associated with down-regulation of @entity5601

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity22374 :: (MESH:C538053,Disease) :: ['type II citrullinemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10687 and @entity45406 are @entity5139 pesticides (OPPs), we studied exposure and urinary metabolites in an agricultural area in the northeastern of Thailand during the chili-growing season (March - April) in 2012. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to assess pesticide exposure concentration through dermal and inhalation pathways and to find and depict a relationship between urinary metabolites and means of exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To estimate the pesticides exposure concentration, dermal wipes (hand, face, and feet), dermal patches and air samples were collected from 38 chili farmers. The morning void of pre and post application urine samples was an indicator of biological monitoring in the study which derived from 39 chili farmers. RESULTS: @entity10687 and profenofos residues were detected on dermal patches, face wipes, and hand wipe samples, while no significant residues were found on the feet. Using a personal air sampling technique, all air samples detected pesticide residues. However, significant correlation between dermal pesticide exposure concentration and inhalation was not found (p>0.05). For urinary metabolite levels, there was a relationship between the first pre application morning void and post application morning void (p < 0.05); similar to the association between the first pre application morning void and the second post application morning void (p < 0.05). The main relationship between pesticide exposure and urinary metabolite was found to have been relevant to dermal exposure (r= 0.405; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study could suggested that public health education training programs, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), should be offered for the chili growing farmers in order to improve their ability to properly use pesticides. KEY WORDS: pesticide exposure, chili farmers, urinary metabolites, @entity5139 pesticides.

title: XXXX pesticide exposure and dialkyl phosphate urinary metabolites among chili farmers in northeastern Thailand.

entities_list: @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphate']

entities_list: @entity10687 :: ('MESH:D004390', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorpyrifos']

entities_list: @entity45406 :: ('MESH:C024273', 'Chemical') :: ['profenofos']

answer: @entity5139 :: (D010755,Chemical) :: ['Organophosphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The mandible can be modelled as a triangular plate supported at two joints and the point of occlusion. The mandible is stable if the vector of the jaw-closing muscle forces lies within the triangle of support. If this vector lies outside of the triangle of support, one of the three contact points will tend to separate as the mandible rotates around a line connecting the other two points. Here, we examined whether postero-inferior condylar movements (Pi-Cm) due to mandibular rotation may occur during fictive mastication in anaesthetized @entity95 . METHODS: EMG activities of the @entity7871 ( @entity7871 ) and lateral pterygoid (LP) muscles and movements of the condyle and incisal points were recorded. Condylar movements in the sagittal plane were recorded using a high speed CCD camera. RESULTS: Pi-Cm were observed on the working side during occlusal phase in half of the @entity95 (altered-movement group), if the biting point was restricted at the posterior most tooth (M3) on the working side using a metal biting plate. Pi-Cm appeared in the period between the estimated maximum force of the @entity7871 and the LP during late occlusal phase. The @entity7871 EMG ratio between the working and balancing sides in the altered-movement group was significantly less than that in the unaltered-movement group. CONCLUSION: Since the space lying between the condyle and the articular eminence expanded during the Pi-Cm, it is likely that the posterior band of the articular disc tended to slip anteriorly. The clinical significance of the Pi-Cm is discussed concerning the anterior dislocation of the disc in @entity1 with @entity2956 .

title: Unusual postero-inferior condylar movements that depend on the position of occlusal contact during fictive mastication in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ disorder']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of environmental and climatic factors on @entity311 vector bionomics and transmission is an important topic in the context of climatic change particularly at macro-geographical level. Sahelian areas could be particularly affected due to heterogeneous features including high inter-annual variability in rainfall and others associated parameters. Therefore, baseline information on the impact of environmental and climatic factors on @entity311 transmission at micro-geographical level is required for vector risk management and implementation of control strategies. METHODS: Malaria vectors were collected indoors by pyrethrum spray catches in 14 villages belonging to 4 different landscape classes (wooded savanna, shrubby savanna, bare soils and steppe) in the sylvo-pastoral area of Senegal. @entity3964 @entity281 rates were determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: An. arabiensis was the predominant species in all landscape classes and was the only species collected at the end of the rainy season excepted in villages located in bare soils where it cohabited with An. coluzzii. Mean temperature and relative humidity showed similar variations in all the landscape classes covered whereas rainfall was more heterogeneous in terms of pattern, frequency and amount. The mean densities of An. arabiensis displayed high seasonal differences with peaks observed in August or September. A positive non-significant correlation was observed between An. arabiensis densities for rainfall and humidity whereas a negative non-significant correlation was reported for temperature. @entity3964 -infected mosquitoes were detected only in wooded savanna and bare soils villages. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest key roles played by landscape classes and rainfall in @entity311 vector densities, @entity281 rates and @entity311 transmission that could be more pronounced in villages situated in wooded savanna and bare soils. Due to the close relationship between environmental and meteorological parameters in this Sahelian region, additional studies on the impact of these parameters are required to further ascertain their association with entomological parameters involved in @entity311 transmission. From the public health point of view, such information could be useful for @entity1 population settlements as well as for monitoring and modelling purposes giving early warning system for implementation of interventions in these unstable transmission zones.

title: Anopheles arabiensis seasonal densities and XXXX rates in relation to landscape classes and climatic parameters in a Sahelian area of Senegal.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To demonstrate that intra-organ @entity11043 can engraft and develop after being distributed through the vasculature, tiny fragments of splenic tissues were injected into the inferior vena cava or the portal vein to induce intrapulmonary and intrahepatic @entity11043 in @entity35 . After 1  month, splenic autograft structures in the lung and liver were assessed for structure by histology, for immunologic compartments by immunohistochemistry, for phagocytic function by @entity505 uptake and for vascular formation by Microfil (a @entity6619 rubber compound) injection. Intrapulmonary and intrahepatic splenoses were indeed able to spread through the vasculature. The intrapulmonary splenic autografts were trapped and spread out in the interstitium, without forming a capsule. White pulp was markedly developed, showing lymphocyte aggregations that consisted in B cells surrounding the dilated vessel. Splenic sinuses were not definitively observed. Although macrophages were detected by immunohistochemistry, they showed no indication of having phagocytized @entity505 particles from the vessels, implying a closed circulation. In contrast, intrahepatic splenic autografts formed well-developed capsules, trabeculae and red pulp with splenic sinuses. Macrophages detected by immunohistochemistry were observed capturing @entity505 particles, which clearly revealed an open system circulation, as seen in normal @entity35 spleen. The development of white pulp was poor and lymphocytes consisting in B cells aggregated in the peripheral margins. These results demonstrate that intra-organ @entity11043 can spread through the vasculature and that the morphologic and immunologic structures formed in these regenerated autografts are influenced by the organ vasculature and extracellular matrix wherein the tissue fragments settled.

title: Experimental XXXX in the liver and lung spread through the vasculature.

answer: @entity11043 :: (MESH:D017890,Disease) :: ['splenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity291 muscle pump dysfunction is a recognized factor in @entity4096 ( @entity4096 ). We investigated the hypothesis that limbs with @entity4096 have a reduced ankle range of motion (ROM) that may be responsible for the poor @entity291 pump function associated with @entity3179 . METHODS: Ankle ROM and @entity291 pump function were assessed in 32 limbs of 26 adult @entity1 . Limbs were selected on the basis of clinical presentation: normal (n = 6 limbs), class 1 or 2 @entity4096 with no history of @entity1066 (n = 9 limbs), class 3 @entity4096 with healed @entity1066 (n = 9 limbs), and class 3 @entity4096 with active @entity1066 (n = 8 limbs). ROM was determined by goniometry during maximal @entity1411 and dorsiflexion of the ankle. @entity291 pump function was determined by air plethysmographic measurement of ejection fraction (EF) and @entity41 ( @entity41 ). RESULTS: Ankle ROM was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in each @entity4096 group compared with age-matched control subjects, because of @entity393 and dorsiflexion. @entity291 pump function was significantly impaired (decreased EF and increased @entity41 ) in ulcerated limbs. ROM was significantly correlated to EF and @entity41 . Impairment of ROM and @entity291 pump function was associated with deterioration in the clinical classification of @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: Limbs with @entity4096 have a limited ankle ROM that decreases with increasing severity of clinical symptoms. This decreased ROM is associated with, and may contribute to, poor @entity291 pump function.

title: Limited range of motion is a significant factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual volume fraction', 'RVF']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulceration']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['CVI', 'chronic venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in both plantar flexion']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar flexion']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous ulceration']


abstract: We followed 1,134 @entity1 with Type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 , diagnosed between 1933 and 1952, until 1982 or @entity204 or until their emigration. Their age at onset of @entity6 was under 31 years. Information concerning the development of persistent @entity644 was sought in every case. In 104 cases, the data were either questionable or the @entity1 could not be traced. Twenty-nine @entity1 developed non-diabetic @entity644 . Among the remaining 1,001 @entity1 , 406 developed persistent @entity644 (350 died) and 595 did not (166 died). The incidence of persistent @entity644 was highest among @entity1 ; it decreased with increasing year of @entity6 onset from 1933 to 1952, and decreased with increasing age at onset. The relative mortality was extremely high among @entity1 with persistent @entity644 , increasing to a maximum of about 100 at age 35 years. @entity1 not developing @entity644 had a relatively constant low relative mortality of about 2. The decreasing incidence of persistent @entity644 and the decreasing mortality with increasing calendar year of @entity6 onset resulted in a 50% increase in life-expectancy among @entity1 diagnosed in 1950 compared with @entity1 diagnosed in 1935. In @entity1 who developed persistent @entity644 , relative mortality was higher in @entity1 than @entity1 at all ages. In @entity1 who did not develop @entity644 , relative mortality was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 after the age of 35. Uraemia was the main cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with persistent @entity644 , although @entity65 were more frequent than in @entity1 without @entity644 . Thus, @entity644 is associated not only with @entity204 from uraemia but also from @entity65 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of @entity644 on relative mortality in type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) XXXX mellitus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular deaths', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: We followed 1,134 @entity1 with Type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 , diagnosed between 1933 and 1952, until 1982 or @entity204 or until their emigration. Their age at onset of @entity6 was under 31 years. Information concerning the development of persistent @entity644 was sought in every case. In 104 cases, the data were either questionable or the @entity1 could not be traced. Twenty-nine @entity1 developed non-diabetic @entity644 . Among the remaining 1,001 @entity1 , 406 developed persistent @entity644 (350 died) and 595 did not (166 died). The incidence of persistent @entity644 was highest among @entity1 ; it decreased with increasing year of @entity6 onset from 1933 to 1952, and decreased with increasing age at onset. The relative mortality was extremely high among @entity1 with persistent @entity644 , increasing to a maximum of about 100 at age 35 years. @entity1 not developing @entity644 had a relatively constant low relative mortality of about 2. The decreasing incidence of persistent @entity644 and the decreasing mortality with increasing calendar year of @entity6 onset resulted in a 50% increase in life-expectancy among @entity1 diagnosed in 1950 compared with @entity1 diagnosed in 1935. In @entity1 who developed persistent @entity644 , relative mortality was higher in @entity1 than @entity1 at all ages. In @entity1 who did not develop @entity644 , relative mortality was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 after the age of 35. Uraemia was the main cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with persistent @entity644 , although @entity65 were more frequent than in @entity1 without @entity644 . Thus, @entity644 is associated not only with @entity204 from uraemia but also from @entity65 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of @entity644 on relative mortality in type 1 ( XXXX -dependent) @entity6 mellitus.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: We followed 1,134 @entity1 with Type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 , diagnosed between 1933 and 1952, until 1982 or @entity204 or until their emigration. Their age at onset of @entity6 was under 31 years. Information concerning the development of persistent @entity644 was sought in every case. In 104 cases, the data were either questionable or the @entity1 could not be traced. Twenty-nine @entity1 developed non-diabetic @entity644 . Among the remaining 1,001 @entity1 , 406 developed persistent @entity644 (350 died) and 595 did not (166 died). The incidence of persistent @entity644 was highest among @entity1 ; it decreased with increasing year of @entity6 onset from 1933 to 1952, and decreased with increasing age at onset. The relative mortality was extremely high among @entity1 with persistent @entity644 , increasing to a maximum of about 100 at age 35 years. @entity1 not developing @entity644 had a relatively constant low relative mortality of about 2. The decreasing incidence of persistent @entity644 and the decreasing mortality with increasing calendar year of @entity6 onset resulted in a 50% increase in life-expectancy among @entity1 diagnosed in 1950 compared with @entity1 diagnosed in 1935. In @entity1 who developed persistent @entity644 , relative mortality was higher in @entity1 than @entity1 at all ages. In @entity1 who did not develop @entity644 , relative mortality was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 after the age of 35. Uraemia was the main cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with persistent @entity644 , although @entity65 were more frequent than in @entity1 without @entity644 . Thus, @entity644 is associated not only with @entity204 from uraemia but also from @entity65 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of XXXX on relative mortality in type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 mellitus.

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity20117 @entity14755 is a rare, @entity74 usually manifesting with a rapidly progressive, axonal, distally-symmetric @entity305 . The detection of @entity128 by nerve conduction studies is limited, due to preferential involvement of small-fibres in early stages. We investigated whether lower limb @entity128 can be detected, localized and quantified in vivo by high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography. We prospectively included 20 @entity1 (12 male and eight female @entity1 , mean age 47.9 years, range 26-66) with confirmed mutation in the @entity20117 gene: 13 with symptomatic @entity305 and seven asymptomatic gene carriers. A large age- and sex-matched cohort of healthy volunteers served as controls (20 male and 20 female, mean age 48.1 years, range 30-73). All @entity1 received detailed neurological and electrophysiological examinations and were scored using the @entity16 Score-Lower Limbs, @entity16 and @entity16 Symptom Score. Magnetic resonance neurography (3 T) was performed with large longitudinal coverage from proximal thigh to ankle-level and separately for each leg (140 axial slices/leg) by using axial T2-weighted (repetition time/echo time = 5970/55 ms) and dual echo (repetition time 5210 ms, echo times 12 and 73 ms) turbo spin echo 2D sequences with spectral fat saturation. A 3D T2-weighted inversion-recovery sequence (repetition time/echo time 3000/202 ms) was acquired for imaging of the spinal nerves and lumbar plexus (50 axial slice reformations). Precise @entity1930 was performed on each slice. Histogram-based normalization of nerve-voxel signal intensities was performed using the age- and sex-matched control group as normative reference. Nerve-voxels were subsequently classified as lesion-voxels if a threshold of >1.2 (normalized signal-intensity) was exceeded. At distal thigh level, where a predominant @entity66 was observed, signal quantification was performed by calculating proton spin density and T2-relaxation time as microstructural markers of nerve tissue integrity. The total number of @entity66 voxels (cumulated from proximal-to-distal) was significantly higher in symptomatic @entity1 (20 405    1586) versus asymptomatic gene carriers (12 294    3199; P = 0.036) and versus controls (6536    467; P < 0.0001). It was also higher in asymptomatic carriers compared to controls (P = 0.043). The number of @entity66 voxels was significantly higher at thigh level compared to more distal levels (lower leg/ankle) of the lower extremities (f-value = 279.22, P < 0.0001). Further signal-quantification at this proximal site (thigh level) revealed a significant increase of proton-density (P < 0.0001) and T2-relaxation-time (P = 0.0011) in symptomatic @entity1 , whereas asymptomatic gene-carriers presented with a significant increase of proton-density only. Lower @entity4218 could be detected and quantified in vivo on microstructural level by magnetic resonance neurography in symptomatic @entity14755 , and also in yet asymptomatic gene carriers, in whom imaging detection precedes clinical and electrophysiological manifestation. Although symptoms start and prevail distally, the focus of @entity128 and injury progression was found proximally at thigh level with strong and unambiguous lesion-contrast. Imaging of proximal nerve lesions, which are difficult to detect by nerve conduction studies, may have future implications also for other distally-symmetric @entity305 .

title: In vivo detection of XXXX in @entity14755 by magnetic resonance neurography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nerve-lesion-voxel burden', 'nerve-lesion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy Deficit', 'Neuropathy', 'Neuropathy Impairment']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury', 'nerve-injury', 'predominant nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'polyneuropathies']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant inherited multisystem disorder']

entities_list: @entity20117 :: ('7276', 'Gene') :: ['transthyretin', 'Transthyretin']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['manual segmentation of the spinal/sciatic/tibial/common peroneal nerves']

answer: @entity128 :: (MESH:D020209,Disease) :: ['nerve injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity20117 @entity14755 is a rare, @entity74 usually manifesting with a rapidly progressive, axonal, distally-symmetric @entity305 . The detection of @entity128 by nerve conduction studies is limited, due to preferential involvement of small-fibres in early stages. We investigated whether lower limb @entity128 can be detected, localized and quantified in vivo by high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography. We prospectively included 20 @entity1 (12 male and eight female @entity1 , mean age 47.9 years, range 26-66) with confirmed mutation in the @entity20117 gene: 13 with symptomatic @entity305 and seven asymptomatic gene carriers. A large age- and sex-matched cohort of healthy volunteers served as controls (20 male and 20 female, mean age 48.1 years, range 30-73). All @entity1 received detailed neurological and electrophysiological examinations and were scored using the @entity16 Score-Lower Limbs, @entity16 and @entity16 Symptom Score. Magnetic resonance neurography (3 T) was performed with large longitudinal coverage from proximal thigh to ankle-level and separately for each leg (140 axial slices/leg) by using axial T2-weighted (repetition time/echo time = 5970/55 ms) and dual echo (repetition time 5210 ms, echo times 12 and 73 ms) turbo spin echo 2D sequences with spectral fat saturation. A 3D T2-weighted inversion-recovery sequence (repetition time/echo time 3000/202 ms) was acquired for imaging of the spinal nerves and lumbar plexus (50 axial slice reformations). Precise @entity1930 was performed on each slice. Histogram-based normalization of nerve-voxel signal intensities was performed using the age- and sex-matched control group as normative reference. Nerve-voxels were subsequently classified as lesion-voxels if a threshold of >1.2 (normalized signal-intensity) was exceeded. At distal thigh level, where a predominant @entity66 was observed, signal quantification was performed by calculating proton spin density and T2-relaxation time as microstructural markers of nerve tissue integrity. The total number of @entity66 voxels (cumulated from proximal-to-distal) was significantly higher in symptomatic @entity1 (20 405    1586) versus asymptomatic gene carriers (12 294    3199; P = 0.036) and versus controls (6536    467; P < 0.0001). It was also higher in asymptomatic carriers compared to controls (P = 0.043). The number of @entity66 voxels was significantly higher at thigh level compared to more distal levels (lower leg/ankle) of the lower extremities (f-value = 279.22, P < 0.0001). Further signal-quantification at this proximal site (thigh level) revealed a significant increase of proton-density (P < 0.0001) and T2-relaxation-time (P = 0.0011) in symptomatic @entity1 , whereas asymptomatic gene-carriers presented with a significant increase of proton-density only. Lower @entity4218 could be detected and quantified in vivo on microstructural level by magnetic resonance neurography in symptomatic @entity14755 , and also in yet asymptomatic gene carriers, in whom imaging detection precedes clinical and electrophysiological manifestation. Although symptoms start and prevail distally, the focus of @entity128 and injury progression was found proximally at thigh level with strong and unambiguous lesion-contrast. Imaging of proximal nerve lesions, which are difficult to detect by nerve conduction studies, may have future implications also for other distally-symmetric @entity305 .

title: In vivo detection of @entity128 in XXXX by magnetic resonance neurography.

answer: @entity14755 :: (MESH:D028227,Disease) :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity320 Study (COMS) eye plaques (EPs) contain silastic and Modulay materials that introduce 15-30% dose differences compared with all-water dosimetry. A Task Group Report 43 (TG43) dose rate calculation method is presented that includes silastic and Modulay heterogeneous effects, uses the actual plaque seed configuration, is not restricted to a particular commercial treatment planning system, and does not require purchase of additional software. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Dose rate is calculated using TG43 formalism: Dos  eEP(r,  )=SK  @entity16537  )GL(r0,  0) @entity21864 (r)FEP(r,  ), with revised radial dose, @entity21864 (r), and anisotropy, FEP(r,  ), functions specific to (125)I or (103)Pd seeds in COMS EPs. The EP signifies that the functions are specific to COMS EPs. The @entity21864 (r) is obtained from Monte Carlo (MC) data for EPs that contain just a single center seed. The FEP(r,  ) is obtained by performing a Nelder-Mead Simplex routine to find a least squares solution that minimizes differences between MC dose rate and Do  seEP(r,  ). RESULTS: The TG43 formalism calculations agree with MC results, for 10-22-mm (125)I and (103)Pd EPs, to within 2% along and near the plaque central @entity2270 and within 4% in the penumbra region for depths of 1mm or greater. Methods and data are provided for COMS plaque calculations using seed models other than (125)I Model 6711 and (103)Pd Model 200. Because actual seed configurations are used in dose rate calculations, this formalism may also be used to estimate dosimetry for nonstandard seed loadings. CONCLUSION: This manuscript enables the clinical user to perform accurate heterogeneity-corrected dose rate calculations for COMS EPs using TG43 formalism in a spreadsheet or commercial treatment planning system that has a TG43 line source geometry function calculation capabilities.

title: Heterogeneous dose calculations for XXXX Study eye plaques using actual seed configurations and Task Group Report 43 formalism.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Collaborative Ocular Melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Collaborative Ocular Melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatments for @entity1538 aim to prevent @entity1018 through lowering of intraocular pressure, but to our knowledge no placebo-controlled trials have assessed visual function preservation, and the observation periods of previous (unmasked) trials have typically been at least 5 years. We assessed vision preservation in @entity1 given latanoprost compared with those given placebo. METHODS: In this randomised, triple-masked, placebo-controlled trial, we enrolled @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1538 at ten UK centres (tertiary referral centres, teaching hospitals, and district general hospitals). Eligible @entity1 were randomly allocated (1:1) with a website-generated randomisation schedule, stratified by centre and with a permuted block design, to receive either latanoprost 0  005% (intervention group) or placebo (control group) eye drops. Drops were administered from identical bottles, once a day, to both eyes. The primary outcome was time to @entity227 within 24 months. Analyses were done in all individuals with follow-up data. The Data and Safety Monitoring Committee (DSMC) recommended stopping the trial on Jan 6, 2011 (last @entity1 visit July, 2011), after an interim analysis, and suggested a change in primary outcome from the difference in proportions of @entity1 with incident progression between groups to time to @entity227 within 24 months. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN96423140. FINDINGS: We enrolled 516 individuals between @entity34536 , 2006, and March 16, 2010. Baseline mean intraocular pressure was 19  6 mm Hg (SD 4  6) in 258 @entity1 in the latanoprost group and 20  1 mm Hg (4  8) in 258 controls. At 24 months, mean reduction in intraocular pressure was 3  8 mm Hg (4  0) in 231 @entity1 assessed in the latanoprost group and 0  9 mm Hg (3  8) in 230 @entity1 assessed in the placebo group. Visual field preservation was significantly longer in the latanoprost group than in the placebo group: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0  44 (95% CI 0  28-0  69; p=0  0003). We noted 18 serious adverse events, none attributable to the study drug. INTERPRETATION: This is the first randomised placebo-controlled trial to show preservation of the visual field with an intraocular-pressure-lowering drug in @entity1 with @entity1538 . The study design enabled significant differences in vision to be assessed in a relatively short observation period. FUNDING: Pfizer, UK National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre.

title: Latanoprost for XXXX (UKGTS): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity572 ( @entity572 ) presents with acute onset @entity158 and @entity236 ( @entity236 ) on MR imaging. The purpose of this study is to revise the MR imaging characteristics of @entity572 by analyzing the data derived from 155 hip examinations. We also sought to explore the relationship between the duration of symptoms and the presence of sparing and subchondral @entity174 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 155 hips (141 @entity572 @entity1 ) were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of insufficiency @entity174 and the morphology of @entity236 . Sparing of the medial bone marrow of the femoral head was recorded together with demographic and clinical data. Progression to regional @entity170 (RMO) and postpartum cases were also recorded. RESULTS: Our population consisted of 76.4% male and 23.6% female @entity1 . RMO progression was recorded in 19.4% and 4 postpartum cases displayed @entity66 . Sparing of the medial bone marrow was present at 87.7% of @entity1 and disappeared as the disease progressed (P=0.005). @entity236 was restricted within the femoral head in 11.0%, extended to the femoral neck in 40% and to the femoral shaft in 49% of the cases studied. @entity174 were present at 48.7% of the hips. CONCLUSION: This study describes @entity572 @entity1 characteristics, the MR imaging findings ( @entity236 pattern, microfractures), their association with symptom duration and the chance of progressing to RMO.

title: MR imaging of transient XXXX : An update on 155 @entity572 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Subchondral fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['migratory osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Transient osteoporosis of the hip', 'TOH']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['BMe', 'bone marrow edema']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis of the hip']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity572 ( @entity572 ) presents with acute onset @entity158 and @entity236 ( @entity236 ) on MR imaging. The purpose of this study is to revise the MR imaging characteristics of @entity572 by analyzing the data derived from 155 hip examinations. We also sought to explore the relationship between the duration of symptoms and the presence of sparing and subchondral @entity174 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images of 155 hips (141 @entity572 @entity1 ) were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of insufficiency @entity174 and the morphology of @entity236 . Sparing of the medial bone marrow of the femoral head was recorded together with demographic and clinical data. Progression to regional @entity170 (RMO) and postpartum cases were also recorded. RESULTS: Our population consisted of 76.4% male and 23.6% female @entity1 . RMO progression was recorded in 19.4% and 4 postpartum cases displayed @entity66 . Sparing of the medial bone marrow was present at 87.7% of @entity1 and disappeared as the disease progressed (P=0.005). @entity236 was restricted within the femoral head in 11.0%, extended to the femoral neck in 40% and to the femoral shaft in 49% of the cases studied. @entity174 were present at 48.7% of the hips. CONCLUSION: This study describes @entity572 @entity1 characteristics, the MR imaging findings ( @entity236 pattern, microfractures), their association with symptom duration and the chance of progressing to RMO.

title: MR imaging of transient @entity572 : An update on 155 XXXX .

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip joints']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To characterize @entity8630 in @entity1 with @entity385 ( @entity385 ) or @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and determine its prognostic significance. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, in which 184 @entity1 with @entity385 or @entity63 who had performed 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram were included. The median follow-up was 27.5  months. Baseline clinical and imagiologic characteristics, etiologic investigation results, and @entity385 and @entity63 recurrences information were collected. Number of @entity11706 ( @entity11706 ) per hour was categorized as less than 10 @entity11706 /hour, 10-30 @entity11706 /hour, and more than 30 @entity11706 /hour. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 had less than 10 @entity11706 /hour (82.6%), 8.2% had 10-30 @entity11706 /hour, and 9.2% had more than 30 @entity11706 /hour. @entity1 with more than 30 @entity11706 /hour had a greater median left atrium diameter than @entity1 with 30 @entity11706 /hour or less (42  mm vs. 38  mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], .50-7.00; P  =  .003). Annual recurrence rate of @entity385 or @entity63 was 2.9% in @entity1 with less than 10 @entity11706 /hour, 11.0% in 10-30 @entity11706 /hour, and 22.6% in more than 30 @entity11706 /hour (P  =  .001). More than 30 @entity11706 /hour were independently associated with recurrence risk in multivariate survival analysis (hazard ratio, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.12-10.32; P  =  .030). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity385 or @entity63 , frequent @entity8630 (>30 @entity11706 /h) was independently associated with increased risk of @entity64 or @entity63 recurrence. Further studies need to validate frequent @entity8630 as a risk factor for recurrence in cryptogenic @entity64 and confirm its role as a predictor of occult @entity955 .

title: XXXX Activity in Cryptogenic @entity385 and @entity63 : A Risk Factor for Recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8630 :: ('MESH:D013612', 'Disease') :: ['atrial ectopic activity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['APCs', 'atrial premature complexes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'CIS', 'cryptogenic ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity8630 :: (MESH:D013612,Disease) :: ['Atrial Ectopic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To characterize @entity8630 in @entity1 with @entity385 ( @entity385 ) or @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and determine its prognostic significance. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, in which 184 @entity1 with @entity385 or @entity63 who had performed 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram were included. The median follow-up was 27.5  months. Baseline clinical and imagiologic characteristics, etiologic investigation results, and @entity385 and @entity63 recurrences information were collected. Number of @entity11706 ( @entity11706 ) per hour was categorized as less than 10 @entity11706 /hour, 10-30 @entity11706 /hour, and more than 30 @entity11706 /hour. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 had less than 10 @entity11706 /hour (82.6%), 8.2% had 10-30 @entity11706 /hour, and 9.2% had more than 30 @entity11706 /hour. @entity1 with more than 30 @entity11706 /hour had a greater median left atrium diameter than @entity1 with 30 @entity11706 /hour or less (42  mm vs. 38  mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], .50-7.00; P  =  .003). Annual recurrence rate of @entity385 or @entity63 was 2.9% in @entity1 with less than 10 @entity11706 /hour, 11.0% in 10-30 @entity11706 /hour, and 22.6% in more than 30 @entity11706 /hour (P  =  .001). More than 30 @entity11706 /hour were independently associated with recurrence risk in multivariate survival analysis (hazard ratio, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.12-10.32; P  =  .030). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity385 or @entity63 , frequent @entity8630 (>30 @entity11706 /h) was independently associated with increased risk of @entity64 or @entity63 recurrence. Further studies need to validate frequent @entity8630 as a risk factor for recurrence in cryptogenic @entity64 and confirm its role as a predictor of occult @entity955 .

title: @entity8630 Activity in Cryptogenic @entity385 and XXXX : A Risk Factor for Recurrence.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['TIA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To characterize @entity8630 in @entity1 with @entity385 ( @entity385 ) or @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and determine its prognostic significance. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study, in which 184 @entity1 with @entity385 or @entity63 who had performed 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram were included. The median follow-up was 27.5  months. Baseline clinical and imagiologic characteristics, etiologic investigation results, and @entity385 and @entity63 recurrences information were collected. Number of @entity11706 ( @entity11706 ) per hour was categorized as less than 10 @entity11706 /hour, 10-30 @entity11706 /hour, and more than 30 @entity11706 /hour. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 had less than 10 @entity11706 /hour (82.6%), 8.2% had 10-30 @entity11706 /hour, and 9.2% had more than 30 @entity11706 /hour. @entity1 with more than 30 @entity11706 /hour had a greater median left atrium diameter than @entity1 with 30 @entity11706 /hour or less (42  mm vs. 38  mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], .50-7.00; P  =  .003). Annual recurrence rate of @entity385 or @entity63 was 2.9% in @entity1 with less than 10 @entity11706 /hour, 11.0% in 10-30 @entity11706 /hour, and 22.6% in more than 30 @entity11706 /hour (P  =  .001). More than 30 @entity11706 /hour were independently associated with recurrence risk in multivariate survival analysis (hazard ratio, 3.40; 95% CI, 1.12-10.32; P  =  .030). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity385 or @entity63 , frequent @entity8630 (>30 @entity11706 /h) was independently associated with increased risk of @entity64 or @entity63 recurrence. Further studies need to validate frequent @entity8630 as a risk factor for recurrence in cryptogenic @entity64 and confirm its role as a predictor of occult @entity955 .

title: @entity8630 Activity in Cryptogenic XXXX and @entity63 : A Risk Factor for Recurrence.

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: We studied the effects of the local anesthetics, @entity8162 and @entity12022 , on the action potential and force of @entity235 ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers. In ventricular muscle, @entity8162 often shifted the plateau to a more positive value and increased the force of contraction, whereas @entity12022 shortened the action potential and decreased contractile force. In Purkinje fibers, both local anesthetics reduced contractile force and decreased the duration of the action potential markedly. In ventricular muscle fibers @entity1063 potentiated the positive inotropic effect of @entity8162 and changed the effects of @entity12022 from a negative to a positive inotropic effect. The potentiating effect of @entity8162 on contraction was eliminated by @entity1169 . In the presence of @entity1063 (and the absence of @entity1169 ), in Purkinje fibers both anesthetics decreased force but less than in the absence of @entity1063 . In the presence of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) and @entity1063 , @entity8162 and @entity12022 increased contractile force of muscle fibers. Under the same conditions in Purkinje fibers, @entity8162 increased contractile force and @entity12022 decreased it (but less than in the absence of @entity4524 ). Administration of @entity13981 increased contractile force in both ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers: under these conditions, both local anesthetics decreased contractile force in both tissues. We conclude that: (1) the positive inotropic effects of @entity8162 and @entity12022 are mediated through an adrenergic mechanism; (2) the negative inotropic effect is at least in part mediated through a reduction of @entity1372 influx; and (3) the negative inotropic effect is more pronounced in Purkinje fibers because of a larger steady state @entity1372 influx during the plateau.

title: Local anesthetics and the role of XXXX in the force development by @entity235 ventricular muscle and purkinje fibers.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine']

entities_list: @entity12022 :: ('MESH:D001566', 'Chemical') :: ['benzocaine']

entities_list: @entity13981 :: ('MESH:D014701', 'Chemical') :: ['veratridine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: We studied the effects of the local anesthetics, @entity8162 and @entity12022 , on the action potential and force of @entity235 ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers. In ventricular muscle, @entity8162 often shifted the plateau to a more positive value and increased the force of contraction, whereas @entity12022 shortened the action potential and decreased contractile force. In Purkinje fibers, both local anesthetics reduced contractile force and decreased the duration of the action potential markedly. In ventricular muscle fibers @entity1063 potentiated the positive inotropic effect of @entity8162 and changed the effects of @entity12022 from a negative to a positive inotropic effect. The potentiating effect of @entity8162 on contraction was eliminated by @entity1169 . In the presence of @entity1063 (and the absence of @entity1169 ), in Purkinje fibers both anesthetics decreased force but less than in the absence of @entity1063 . In the presence of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) and @entity1063 , @entity8162 and @entity12022 increased contractile force of muscle fibers. Under the same conditions in Purkinje fibers, @entity8162 increased contractile force and @entity12022 decreased it (but less than in the absence of @entity4524 ). Administration of @entity13981 increased contractile force in both ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibers: under these conditions, both local anesthetics decreased contractile force in both tissues. We conclude that: (1) the positive inotropic effects of @entity8162 and @entity12022 are mediated through an adrenergic mechanism; (2) the negative inotropic effect is at least in part mediated through a reduction of @entity1372 influx; and (3) the negative inotropic effect is more pronounced in Purkinje fibers because of a larger steady state @entity1372 influx during the plateau.

title: Local anesthetics and the role of @entity1372 in the force development by XXXX ventricular muscle and purkinje fibers.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increasing evidence has suggested that brain orexins are implicated in a wide variety of physiological functions. With regard to gastrointestinal functions, @entity22658 acts centrally to regulate gastrointestinal functions such as gastric and pancreatic secretion, and @entity344 . Visceral sensation is also known as one of key gastrointestinal functions which are controlled by the central nervous system. Little is, however, known about a role of central orexin in visceral sensation. This study was therefore performed to clarify whether brain orexin may be involved in the process of visceral sensation. Visceral sensation was evaluated by @entity694 -induced abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) in conscious @entity35 . Intracisternally administered @entity22658 dose-dependently increased the threshold volume of @entity694 -induced AWR. In contrast, neither intraperitoneal injection of @entity22658 nor intracisternal orexin-B altered the threshold volume. While intracisternal @entity23908 , an orexin 1 receptor antagonist, by itself failed to change the threshold volume, @entity23908 injected centrally completely blocked the @entity1286 -induced antinociceptive action against @entity694 . These results suggest for the first time that @entity22658 specifically acts centrally in the brain to enhance antinociceptive response to @entity694 . We would furthermore suggest that endogenous @entity22658 indeed mediates the antinociceptive effect of @entity1286 on visceral sensation through the orexin 1 receptors. All these evidence might indicate that brain orexin play a role in the pathophysiology of functional @entity344 such as @entity1744 because @entity56 of the gut is considered to play a vital role in the diseases.

title: Antinociceptive action against XXXX by brain orexin in conscious @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders', 'gastrointestinal motility']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic distension']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic distension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increasing evidence has suggested that brain orexins are implicated in a wide variety of physiological functions. With regard to gastrointestinal functions, @entity22658 acts centrally to regulate gastrointestinal functions such as gastric and pancreatic secretion, and @entity344 . Visceral sensation is also known as one of key gastrointestinal functions which are controlled by the central nervous system. Little is, however, known about a role of central orexin in visceral sensation. This study was therefore performed to clarify whether brain orexin may be involved in the process of visceral sensation. Visceral sensation was evaluated by @entity694 -induced abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) in conscious @entity35 . Intracisternally administered @entity22658 dose-dependently increased the threshold volume of @entity694 -induced AWR. In contrast, neither intraperitoneal injection of @entity22658 nor intracisternal orexin-B altered the threshold volume. While intracisternal @entity23908 , an orexin 1 receptor antagonist, by itself failed to change the threshold volume, @entity23908 injected centrally completely blocked the @entity1286 -induced antinociceptive action against @entity694 . These results suggest for the first time that @entity22658 specifically acts centrally in the brain to enhance antinociceptive response to @entity694 . We would furthermore suggest that endogenous @entity22658 indeed mediates the antinociceptive effect of @entity1286 on visceral sensation through the orexin 1 receptors. All these evidence might indicate that brain orexin play a role in the pathophysiology of functional @entity344 such as @entity1744 because @entity56 of the gut is considered to play a vital role in the diseases.

title: Antinociceptive action against @entity694 by brain orexin in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite advancements in the treatment of @entity1778 , @entity159 ( @entity159 ) may potentially affect disease prognosis. This study aims to evaluate whether @entity159 is associated with survival from @entity1778 . METHODS: The US National @entity5 Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) 1973-2010 data were analyzed; thereafter, results were meta-analyzed along with those from survival (cohort) studies examining the association between @entity159 indices and survival from @entity1778 (end-of-search date: 31 March 2014). Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled effect estimates (relative risks, RRs); meta-regression was also used. RESULTS: We included 29 studies yielding 28 804 @entity981 ( @entity981 ), 3208 @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and 27 650 'any' @entity1778 (denoting joint reporting of all subtypes) cases. According to individual-level composite @entity159 indices, @entity1 from low @entity159 suffered from nearly twofold higher death rates from @entity981 (pooled RR: 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.00-3.34, based on four study arms); likewise, death RRs derived from an array of lower area-level @entity159 indices ranged between 1.17 and 1.33 (based on 11 study arms). Importantly, the survival gap between higher and lower @entity159 seemed wider in the United States, with considerably (by 20%-82%) increased RRs for death from @entity981 in lower @entity159 . Regarding @entity3052 , poorer survival was evident only when area-level @entity159 indices were used. Lastly, remoteness indices were not associated with survival from @entity1778 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with lower @entity159 suffering @entity1778 do not seem to equally enjoy the @entity1017 . Special health policy strategies and increased awareness of health providers might minimize the effects of socioeconomic disparities.

title: Socioeconomic disparities in survival from XXXX in the United States and globally: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['impressive recent survival gains']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: CONTEXT: Approximately 30% of the @entity1 report @entity158 in the affected breast before breast cancer surgery. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this secondary analysis of our prospective study was to determine how @entity1 who experienced both preoperative and persistent postsurgical @entity5026 (n=107) differed from @entity1 who did not report preoperative @entity5026 and did (n=158) or did not (n=122) experience persistent postsurgical @entity5026 . METHODS: Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Linear mixed effects (LME) modeling was used to evaluate for group differences in symptom severity, function, sensation, and quality of life (QOL) over time. RESULTS: Between-group differences in demographic and clinical characteristics as well as trajectories of shoulder function and QOL were identified. @entity1 with both preoperative and persistent postsurgical @entity5026 were younger; were more likely to report swelling, strange sensations, hardness, and @entity1183 in the affected breast before surgery; and were more likely to have reconstruction at the time of surgery. @entity1 with both preoperative and persistent postsurgical @entity5026 had more biopsies in the prior year, more lymph nodes removed, and reported more severe acute postsurgical @entity158 than @entity1 without preoperative @entity5026 . The LME modeling revealed significant group effects for most outcomes evaluated. Over the six months of the study, @entity1 with both preoperative and persistent postsurgical @entity158 had persistently poorer shoulder flexion and physical well-being than @entity1 without preoperative @entity5026 . CONCLUSION: Investigations of the etiology and molecular mechanisms of preoperative @entity5026 , as well as interventions for this high-risk group, are needed.

title: Preoperative Breast @entity158 Predicts Persistent Breast XXXX and Disability After Breast Cancer Surgery.

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['breast pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: CONTEXT: Approximately 30% of the @entity1 report @entity158 in the affected breast before breast cancer surgery. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this secondary analysis of our prospective study was to determine how @entity1 who experienced both preoperative and persistent postsurgical @entity5026 (n=107) differed from @entity1 who did not report preoperative @entity5026 and did (n=158) or did not (n=122) experience persistent postsurgical @entity5026 . METHODS: Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Linear mixed effects (LME) modeling was used to evaluate for group differences in symptom severity, function, sensation, and quality of life (QOL) over time. RESULTS: Between-group differences in demographic and clinical characteristics as well as trajectories of shoulder function and QOL were identified. @entity1 with both preoperative and persistent postsurgical @entity5026 were younger; were more likely to report swelling, strange sensations, hardness, and @entity1183 in the affected breast before surgery; and were more likely to have reconstruction at the time of surgery. @entity1 with both preoperative and persistent postsurgical @entity5026 had more biopsies in the prior year, more lymph nodes removed, and reported more severe acute postsurgical @entity158 than @entity1 without preoperative @entity5026 . The LME modeling revealed significant group effects for most outcomes evaluated. Over the six months of the study, @entity1 with both preoperative and persistent postsurgical @entity158 had persistently poorer shoulder flexion and physical well-being than @entity1 without preoperative @entity5026 . CONCLUSION: Investigations of the etiology and molecular mechanisms of preoperative @entity5026 , as well as interventions for this high-risk group, are needed.

title: Preoperative Breast XXXX Predicts Persistent Breast @entity158 and Disability After Breast Cancer Surgery.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Osteosynthesis of @entity2249 is related to 20-46% complication rate. Filipov's novel method for biplane double-supported screw fixation ( @entity71714 ), using three cannulated screws, has demonstrated excellent clinical results since 2007. Its two calcar-buttressed screws are oriented in different coronal inclinations with steeper angles to the diaphyseal axis and intended to provide constant fixation strength under different loading situations. The aim of this study was to biomechanically evaluate @entity71714 fixation strength and compare it with the conventional fixation (CFIX) using three parallel cannulated screws. METHODS: Eight fresh-frozen and six embalmed @entity1 femoral pairs with simulated AO/OTA31-B2.2 @entity174 were fixed applying either CFIX or @entity71714 . Quasistatic tests were performed in anteroposterior (AP) bending, followed by axial quasistatic, cyclic and destructive quasistatic tests run in 10   flexion with 7   or 16   varus specimen inclination. RESULTS: Initial axial stiffness was significantly higher for @entity71714 in comparison with CFIX at 7   inclination (p=0.02) and not significantly different between @entity71714 and CFIX at 16   inclination. Compared with the intact state, it decreased significantly at 7   inclination only for CFIX (p=0.01), but not for @entity71714 . Interfragmentary displacement during cyclic testing was significantly smaller for @entity71714 than CFIX at 7   inclination (p <=0.04) and not significantly different between @entity71714 and CFIX at 16   inclination. Failure load did not differ significantly between @entity71714 and CFIX at both inclinations. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2249 stability can be substantially increased applying @entity71714 due to better cortical screw support and screw orientation. Having two calcar-buttressed screws oriented in different inclinations, @entity71714 can enhance constant stability during various @entity1 activities. The more unstable the situation, the better @entity71714 stability is in comparison to CFIX.

title: Unique stability of XXXX treated with the novel biplane double-supported screw fixation method: A biomechanical cadaver study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with a @entity174 in the anterior pelvic ring often simultaneously demonstrate @entity158 in the posterior pelvic ring. The aim of the present prospective study was to assess the sensitivity of CT, MRI and clinical examination in the detection of @entity174 in the posterior pelvic ring in @entity1 with @entity174 of the anterior pelvic ring diagnosed in conventional radiographs. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with radiographic signs of an anterior pelvic @entity130 were included in this prospective analysis. Following a focused clinical examination of the posterior pelvis, all @entity1 underwent both a CT and then a MRI scan of their pelvis. Two board certified radiologists evaluated the CT and MRI scans independently. To estimate the presence of @entity170 the Hounsfield units of the vertebral body of L5 were measured in each case. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 and seven @entity1 , with a mean age of 74.7+/-15.6 years were included into the study. A @entity174 of the posterior pelvic ring was found in fourty-eight @entity1 (80%) @entity1 using MRI. @entity174 would have been missed in eight cases (17%), if only CT had been used. Eighty-five percent of the @entity1 with a posterior @entity174 had an @entity170 . The majority of the cases suffered from a low energy @entity130 . Thirty-eight @entity1 (83%) with positive clinical signs at the posterior pelvic ring actually had a @entity174 of the posterior pelvic ring in the MRI. The clinical examination proved to be equally effective to CT in detecting posterior pelvic ring @entity174 . CONCLUSION: The significance of both, clinical examination and CT was confirmed in the detection of @entity174 in the posterior pelvic ring. MRI examination of the pelvis however, was found to be superior in detecting undislocated @entity174 in a cohort of @entity1 with a high incidence of @entity170 . Using MRI may be beneficial in select cases, especially when reduced bone density is suspected.

title: Significance of clinical examination, CT and MRI scan in the diagnosis of posterior pelvic ring XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures of the posterior pelvic ring', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ring injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether supervision by an attending who is new to surgical teaching, or an experienced attending measurably influences intraoperative complications rates or outcomes in phacoemulsification performed by ophthalmology residents. SETTING: Single tertiary hospital. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Resident-performed phacoemulsification cases supervised by one novice attending (N=189) and experienced attending (N=172) over 1 year were included. Data included: resident year, @entity1 age, sex, preoperative risk factors (4+ on the four point scale for dense/white/brunescent @entity231 , Flomax, zonular dialysis, pseudoexfoliation, @entity726 risk, post-vitrectomy), intraoperative risk factors ( @entity3460 , iris hooks), and intraoperative complications (capsule tears, @entity393 , zonular dialysis, zonular dehiscence, burns, nuclear fragment loss, Descemet's tear). Experienced attending data were compared against those of the novice attending. RESULTS: Regarding preoperative risks, experienced attending cases more likely involved 4+ @entity231 (P=0.005), Flomax (P<0.001), or @entity726 risk (P=0.001). For intraoperative risks, novice attending cases more likely involved @entity3460 (P<0.001). Regarding complications, novice attending cases were associated with @entity393 (P=0.002) and anterior capsule tears (P<0.001). When comparing total complications, the novice attending was more likely to have both increased number of cases with complications and total complications than the experienced attending. The novice attending's overall complication rate trended downward (rate from 28% in first 25 cases to 6.67% in last 15). CONCLUSION: Early cases for the novice attending were accompanied by greater complications ( @entity393 and anterior capsule tear), likely due to a learning curve. Surgical judgment in the operating room likely develops with experience. Training programs may focus on these specific areas to aid new instructors.

title: Comparing resident XXXX surgery outcomes under novice versus experienced attending supervision.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['Trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous loss']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colectomy has been shown to have equivalent oncologic outcomes to open colectomy for the management of @entity694 , but its adoption nationally has been slow. This study investigates the prevalence and factors associated with laparoscopic colorectal resection at National @entity5 Network (NCCN) centers. METHODS: Data on @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity694 at NCCN centers from 2005 to 2010 were obtained from chart review of medical records for the NCCN Outcomes Project and included information on socioeconomic status, insurance coverage, comorbidity, and physician-reported Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status. Associations between receipt of minimally invasive surgery and @entity1 and clinical variables were analyzed with univariate and multivariable logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: A total of 4032 @entity1 , diagnosed between September 2005 and December 2010, underwent elective colon or rectal resection for @entity5 at NCCN centers. Median age of @entity694 @entity1 was 62.6 years, and 49% were @entity1 . The percent of @entity694 @entity1 treated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) increased from 35% in 2006 to 51% in 2010 across all centers but varied statistically significantly between centers. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with minimally invasive surgery for @entity694 @entity1 who had surgery at an NCCN institution were older age (P = .02), male sex (P = .006), fewer comorbidities (P  <= .001), lower final T-stage (P < .001), median household income greater than or equal to  80000 (P < .001), ECOG performance status = 0 (P = .02), and NCCN institution (P  <= .001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of MIS increased at NCCN centers. However, there was statistically significant variation in adoption of MIS technique among centers.

title: Incidence of minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery at national comprehensive XXXX network centers.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the rationale, hypothesis, modality of extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) techniques for the critically ill animal models or @entity1 , and to summarize the experimental and clinical studies with inconsistent data which explored the EBP's efficacy in the areas of critical care medicine. DATA SOURCES: Articles referred in this review were collected from the database of PubMed published in English up to June 2014. STUDY SELECTION: We had done a literature search by using the term "( @entity295 OR @entity647 OR @entity649 ) AND (extracorporeal blood purification OR hemofiltration OR hemoperfusion OR @entity8450 OR plasmapheresis OR adsorpiton)". Related original or review articles were included and carefully analyzed. RESULTS: Acute cellular and humoral immune disturbances occur in both @entity295 and @entity649 ( @entity649 ). Treatments aimed at targeting one single pro-/anti-inflammatory mediator have largely failed with no proven clinical benefits. Such failure shifts the therapeutic rationale to the nonspecific, broad-spectrum methods for modulating the over-activated inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response. Therefore, EBP techniques have become the potential weapons with high promise for removing the circulating pro-/anti-inflammatory mediators and promoting immune reconstitution. Over the years, multiple extracorporeal techniques for the critically ill animal models or @entity1 have been developed, including hemofiltration (HF), high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF), high-cutoff hemofiltration ( @entity264 -HF), hemo-perfusion or -adsorption (HP/HA), coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA), and @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ). These previous studies showed that EBP therapy was feasible and safe for the critically ill animal models or @entity1 . However, data on their efficacy (especially on the clinical benefits, such as mortality) were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: It is not now to conclude that EBP intervention can purify septic or @entity649 @entity1 with high clinical efficacy from current experimental and clinical practice. Prospective, randomized controlled, and well-designed clinical or experimental studies and most suitable EBP modalities should be further developed.

title: Extracorporeal blood therapy in XXXX and @entity649 : the "purifying dream".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['plasma exchange', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the rationale, hypothesis, modality of extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) techniques for the critically ill animal models or @entity1 , and to summarize the experimental and clinical studies with inconsistent data which explored the EBP's efficacy in the areas of critical care medicine. DATA SOURCES: Articles referred in this review were collected from the database of PubMed published in English up to June 2014. STUDY SELECTION: We had done a literature search by using the term "( @entity295 OR @entity647 OR @entity649 ) AND (extracorporeal blood purification OR hemofiltration OR hemoperfusion OR @entity8450 OR plasmapheresis OR adsorpiton)". Related original or review articles were included and carefully analyzed. RESULTS: Acute cellular and humoral immune disturbances occur in both @entity295 and @entity649 ( @entity649 ). Treatments aimed at targeting one single pro-/anti-inflammatory mediator have largely failed with no proven clinical benefits. Such failure shifts the therapeutic rationale to the nonspecific, broad-spectrum methods for modulating the over-activated inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response. Therefore, EBP techniques have become the potential weapons with high promise for removing the circulating pro-/anti-inflammatory mediators and promoting immune reconstitution. Over the years, multiple extracorporeal techniques for the critically ill animal models or @entity1 have been developed, including hemofiltration (HF), high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF), high-cutoff hemofiltration ( @entity264 -HF), hemo-perfusion or -adsorption (HP/HA), coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA), and @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ). These previous studies showed that EBP therapy was feasible and safe for the critically ill animal models or @entity1 . However, data on their efficacy (especially on the clinical benefits, such as mortality) were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: It is not now to conclude that EBP intervention can purify septic or @entity649 @entity1 with high clinical efficacy from current experimental and clinical practice. Prospective, randomized controlled, and well-designed clinical or experimental studies and most suitable EBP modalities should be further developed.

title: Extracorporeal blood therapy in @entity295 and XXXX : the "purifying dream".

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: The survival rate for @entity150 is much better when the disease is detected early, so improvements in methodology for early detection would be beneficial. When urine contains neoplastic urothelial cells, it carries biomarkers of the disease. This study aims to develop a test for the detection of @entity189 in the urine. The sediments from urines of ten @entity1 with @entity189 and ten randomly selected normal controls were tested for @entity5 biomarkers using high-resolution mass spectroscopy. 212 unique individual proteins were identified. Most of them occurred only once or twice in the entire cohort of cases. When sorting the detected proteins by their subcellular compartments, we were able to develop a test that differentiates between the two sets. When the combination of nuclear and red blood cell proteins was used as the discriminating function, the level of statistical significance was p=0.003, the sensitivity was 90%, the specificity 67% and the area under the Receiver-Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) was 94%. When the lack of any detectible proteins, which includes nuclear proteins, was included as a criterion indicating benign urine, the specificity increased to 80%. This use of cellular compartment localization of the detected proteins in the discriminating function is less restrictive than requiring the presence of specific proteins, and we were able to develop a screening test with this less stringent criterion. This approach can be applied to other @entity5 , such as breast, lung and @entity694 , where the need for a simple screening test is even greater.

title: Development of a test to identify XXXX in the urine of @entity1 using mass spectroscopy and subcellular localization of the detected proteins.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: The survival rate for @entity150 is much better when the disease is detected early, so improvements in methodology for early detection would be beneficial. When urine contains neoplastic urothelial cells, it carries biomarkers of the disease. This study aims to develop a test for the detection of @entity189 in the urine. The sediments from urines of ten @entity1 with @entity189 and ten randomly selected normal controls were tested for @entity5 biomarkers using high-resolution mass spectroscopy. 212 unique individual proteins were identified. Most of them occurred only once or twice in the entire cohort of cases. When sorting the detected proteins by their subcellular compartments, we were able to develop a test that differentiates between the two sets. When the combination of nuclear and red blood cell proteins was used as the discriminating function, the level of statistical significance was p=0.003, the sensitivity was 90%, the specificity 67% and the area under the Receiver-Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) was 94%. When the lack of any detectible proteins, which includes nuclear proteins, was included as a criterion indicating benign urine, the specificity increased to 80%. This use of cellular compartment localization of the detected proteins in the discriminating function is less restrictive than requiring the presence of specific proteins, and we were able to develop a screening test with this less stringent criterion. This approach can be applied to other @entity5 , such as breast, lung and @entity694 , where the need for a simple screening test is even greater.

title: Development of a test to identify @entity150 in the urine of XXXX using mass spectroscopy and subcellular localization of the detected proteins.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']