abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuroplasticity associated with drug-induced behavioral sensitization has been associated with excessive drug pursuit and consumption characteristic of addiction. Repeated intraperitoneal (ip) injections of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) can induce psychomotor sensitization in @entity19 . In terms of its clinical relevance, however, it is important to determine whether this phenomenon can also be produced by voluntary @entity167 consumption. METHODS: The present investigation used a drinking-in-the-dark (DID) methodology to induce high levels of @entity167 drinking in @entity19 ; @entity167 replaces water for 2 or 4h, starting 3h after the beginning of the dark cycle. Animals followed a 3-week DID protocol prior to an evaluation of @entity167 -induced locomotor activity (acute and repeated @entity167 ). For the first week, animals had access to 20% @entity167 . On weeks 2 and 3, different concentrations of @entity167 (10, 20 or 30%) were used. Three different inbred strains of @entity19 were used: C57BL/6J (B6), BALB/cByJ (BALB), and CXBK. The CXBK @entity19 line was used because of its reduced expression and functioning of brain mu-opioid receptors, which have been suggested to participate in the development of @entity167 -induced sensitization. B6 and BALB @entity19 were used as controls. RESULTS: B6 and CXBK @entity19 presented comparable levels of @entity167 drinking (approx. 3g/kg in 2h), that were higher than those showed by BALB. All animals, regardless of genotype, adjusted volume of @entity167 intake to obtain stable g/kg of @entity167 across concentrations. Previous @entity167 DID produced (B6) or potentiated (BALB) sensitization to @entity167 ; this effect was not seen in CXBK. Western blot analysis showed a reduced number of mu-opioid receptors in several brain regions of CXBK as compared to that of B6 and BALB @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: In summary, here we show that the DID methodology can be used to trigger @entity167 -induced neuroplasticity supporting psychomotor sensitization, a process that might require participation of mu-opioid receptors.

title: XXXX drinking-in-the-dark facilitates behavioral sensitization to @entity1068 in C57BL/6J, BALB/cByJ, but not in mu-opioid receptor deficient CXBK @entity19 .

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuroplasticity associated with drug-induced behavioral sensitization has been associated with excessive drug pursuit and consumption characteristic of addiction. Repeated intraperitoneal (ip) injections of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) can induce psychomotor sensitization in @entity19 . In terms of its clinical relevance, however, it is important to determine whether this phenomenon can also be produced by voluntary @entity167 consumption. METHODS: The present investigation used a drinking-in-the-dark (DID) methodology to induce high levels of @entity167 drinking in @entity19 ; @entity167 replaces water for 2 or 4h, starting 3h after the beginning of the dark cycle. Animals followed a 3-week DID protocol prior to an evaluation of @entity167 -induced locomotor activity (acute and repeated @entity167 ). For the first week, animals had access to 20% @entity167 . On weeks 2 and 3, different concentrations of @entity167 (10, 20 or 30%) were used. Three different inbred strains of @entity19 were used: C57BL/6J (B6), BALB/cByJ (BALB), and CXBK. The CXBK @entity19 line was used because of its reduced expression and functioning of brain mu-opioid receptors, which have been suggested to participate in the development of @entity167 -induced sensitization. B6 and BALB @entity19 were used as controls. RESULTS: B6 and CXBK @entity19 presented comparable levels of @entity167 drinking (approx. 3g/kg in 2h), that were higher than those showed by BALB. All animals, regardless of genotype, adjusted volume of @entity167 intake to obtain stable g/kg of @entity167 across concentrations. Previous @entity167 DID produced (B6) or potentiated (BALB) sensitization to @entity167 ; this effect was not seen in CXBK. Western blot analysis showed a reduced number of mu-opioid receptors in several brain regions of CXBK as compared to that of B6 and BALB @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: In summary, here we show that the DID methodology can be used to trigger @entity167 -induced neuroplasticity supporting psychomotor sensitization, a process that might require participation of mu-opioid receptors.

title: @entity1068 drinking-in-the-dark facilitates behavioral sensitization to XXXX in C57BL/6J, BALB/cByJ, but not in mu-opioid receptor deficient CXBK @entity19 .

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuroplasticity associated with drug-induced behavioral sensitization has been associated with excessive drug pursuit and consumption characteristic of addiction. Repeated intraperitoneal (ip) injections of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) can induce psychomotor sensitization in @entity19 . In terms of its clinical relevance, however, it is important to determine whether this phenomenon can also be produced by voluntary @entity167 consumption. METHODS: The present investigation used a drinking-in-the-dark (DID) methodology to induce high levels of @entity167 drinking in @entity19 ; @entity167 replaces water for 2 or 4h, starting 3h after the beginning of the dark cycle. Animals followed a 3-week DID protocol prior to an evaluation of @entity167 -induced locomotor activity (acute and repeated @entity167 ). For the first week, animals had access to 20% @entity167 . On weeks 2 and 3, different concentrations of @entity167 (10, 20 or 30%) were used. Three different inbred strains of @entity19 were used: C57BL/6J (B6), BALB/cByJ (BALB), and CXBK. The CXBK @entity19 line was used because of its reduced expression and functioning of brain mu-opioid receptors, which have been suggested to participate in the development of @entity167 -induced sensitization. B6 and BALB @entity19 were used as controls. RESULTS: B6 and CXBK @entity19 presented comparable levels of @entity167 drinking (approx. 3g/kg in 2h), that were higher than those showed by BALB. All animals, regardless of genotype, adjusted volume of @entity167 intake to obtain stable g/kg of @entity167 across concentrations. Previous @entity167 DID produced (B6) or potentiated (BALB) sensitization to @entity167 ; this effect was not seen in CXBK. Western blot analysis showed a reduced number of mu-opioid receptors in several brain regions of CXBK as compared to that of B6 and BALB @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: In summary, here we show that the DID methodology can be used to trigger @entity167 -induced neuroplasticity supporting psychomotor sensitization, a process that might require participation of mu-opioid receptors.

title: @entity1068 drinking-in-the-dark facilitates behavioral sensitization to @entity1068 in C57BL/6J, BALB/cByJ, but not in mu-opioid receptor deficient CXBK XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Different studies have reported of physical, social and @entity458 in @entity1 with @entity1569 . Nevertheless, its impact on the health-related quality of life is not clarified sufficiently. Our objective is to know the repercussion of the moderate-severe @entity1569 on the health-related quality of life with the Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI). @entity1 AND METHOD: An observational, cross-sectional, international study developed in dermatology practices in Spain and Portugal. During a period of 9 months, 332 participating dermatologist included a minimum of 10 consecutive @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 . The date report form includes information about the health-related quality of life (PDI), as well as objective variables of severity as body surface area and PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index), @entity111 , costs and willingness to pay. RESULTS: A total of 3,320 @entity1 were assessed. The majority of cases were males (57%) and the mean age at study inclusion time was 47 years. The mean value of the PDI was 8.93 (95% confidence interval, 7.83-9.21), which represents a percentage of @entity717 lower than 20%. The floor effect varies between 8.3% and 61.2%, and the ceiling effect varies between 0% and 3%. The correlations between the PDI and objective variables of severity (PASI and body surface area) were weak though statistically significant (p < 0.001) They all indicate that to higher severity of the @entity1569 , upper negative impact in the health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Psoriasis causes a negative impact in the health-related quality of life, though the magnitudes are weak and suggest some problems with the questionnaire. Possibly, the PDI reflects more the disability that the form in which the @entity1 perceive and react to their state of health, and, several items seem to have a scanty applicability in the Spanish and Portuguese population. The PDI doesn't seem the appropriate instrument for this type of @entity1 in our environment.

title: [Impact of XXXX on health-related quality of life].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disadvantages']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['global disability']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the status of haemoglobin- @entity26 affinity in @entity3124 and investigate the potential to improve gas exchange, tissue oxygenation and outcome by manipulations of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve. DATA SOURCES: Articles and published peer-review abstracts. SUMMARY OF REVIEW: The @entity2451 of a species is determined by natural selection according to animal size, tissue metabolic requirements and ambient @entity26 tension. In right to left shunting mathematical modeling indicates that an increased @entity2451 defends capillary oxygenation, the one exception being sustained @entity2944 . Increasing the @entity2451 should also be protective in tissue ischaemia, and this is supported by modeling and experimental evidence. Most studies of critically ill @entity1 have indicated reduced @entity6297 concentrations. This is probably due to acidaemia, and the in vivo @entity2451 is likely to be normal despite low @entity6297 levels. It may soon be possible to achieve significant @entity2451 elevations without potentially harmful manipulations of acid-base balance or hazardous drug therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite encouraging theoretical and experimental data, it is not known whether manipulations of the @entity2451 in @entity3124 can improve gas exchange and tissue oxygenation or improve outcome. The status of the @entity2451 may warrant more routine quantification and consideration along with the traditional determinants of tissue @entity26 availability.

title: The oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal @entity851 , @entity1032 , and neurodevelopmental delay. The fetal brain initiates neurogenesis and vasculogenesis during the second trimester, and depends on maternal-fetal circulation for nutrition and growth signals. We used high-resolution in vivo ultrasound imaging to test the hypothesis that @entity167 interferes with fetal brain-directed blood flow during this critical developmental period. METHODS: Pregnant @entity19 were lightly anesthetized on gestational day 12 with an @entity5161 / @entity26 mixture. We assessed the effect of single and repeated binge-like maternal @entity167 exposures at 3 g/kg, administered by intragastric gavage or intraperitoneal injection, on maternal circulation and fetal umbilical, aortic, internal carotid, and middle cerebral arterial circulation. RESULTS: Binge maternal @entity167 exposure, regardless of exposure route, significantly reduced fetal arterial blood acceleration and velocity time integral (VTI), from umbilical to cerebral arteries, without a change in fetal heart rate and resistivity indices. Importantly a single maternal binge @entity167 exposure induced persistent suppression of fetal arterial VTI for at least 24 hours. Repeated binge episodes resulted in a continuing and persistent suppression of fetal VTI. Qualitative assessments showed that maternal @entity167 exposure induced oscillatory, nondirectional blood flow in fetal cerebral arteries. Maternal cardiac and other physiological parameters remained unaltered. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that binge-type maternal @entity167 exposure results in rapid and persistent loss of blood flow from the umbilical artery to the fetal brain, potentially compromising nutrition and the maternal/fetal endocrine environment during a critical period for neuron formation and angiogenesis in the maturing brain.

title: XXXX exposure during pregnancy persistently attenuates cranially directed blood flow in the developing fetus: evidence from ultrasound imaging in a @entity19 second trimester equivalent model.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal @entity851 , @entity1032 , and neurodevelopmental delay. The fetal brain initiates neurogenesis and vasculogenesis during the second trimester, and depends on maternal-fetal circulation for nutrition and growth signals. We used high-resolution in vivo ultrasound imaging to test the hypothesis that @entity167 interferes with fetal brain-directed blood flow during this critical developmental period. METHODS: Pregnant @entity19 were lightly anesthetized on gestational day 12 with an @entity5161 / @entity26 mixture. We assessed the effect of single and repeated binge-like maternal @entity167 exposures at 3 g/kg, administered by intragastric gavage or intraperitoneal injection, on maternal circulation and fetal umbilical, aortic, internal carotid, and middle cerebral arterial circulation. RESULTS: Binge maternal @entity167 exposure, regardless of exposure route, significantly reduced fetal arterial blood acceleration and velocity time integral (VTI), from umbilical to cerebral arteries, without a change in fetal heart rate and resistivity indices. Importantly a single maternal binge @entity167 exposure induced persistent suppression of fetal arterial VTI for at least 24 hours. Repeated binge episodes resulted in a continuing and persistent suppression of fetal VTI. Qualitative assessments showed that maternal @entity167 exposure induced oscillatory, nondirectional blood flow in fetal cerebral arteries. Maternal cardiac and other physiological parameters remained unaltered. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that binge-type maternal @entity167 exposure results in rapid and persistent loss of blood flow from the umbilical artery to the fetal brain, potentially compromising nutrition and the maternal/fetal endocrine environment during a critical period for neuron formation and angiogenesis in the maturing brain.

title: @entity1068 exposure during pregnancy persistently attenuates cranially directed blood flow in the developing fetus: evidence from ultrasound imaging in a XXXX second trimester equivalent model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity458 has been observed among @entity1 at increased risk for @entity5 . Researchers consider religiosity and spirituality (RS) to be positive coping mechanisms associated with @entity146 . Relatively little is known about the impact of RS on genomic health issues. The objectives of our study were: (1) describe the prevalence of RS and @entity308 and (2) explore how RS relates to @entity458 in a cohort of individuals with a > or =25% prior probability of a genetic predisposition to @entity5 . @entity1 (n = 99) were drawn from an African-American, Louisiana-based kindred with a mutation at the @entity5345 locus. This analysis reports findings from a survey assessing RS and the use of three types of religious coping styles: collaborative, self-directing, and deferring. Clinically significant @entity308 were relatively high (27%); with females (33%) more likely than males (17%) to report symptoms (P < 0.01). The majority of @entity1 reported being highly religious. The most commonly employed religious problem solving style used by @entity1 was collaborative (X=22.9; SD=5.8) versus self-directing (X=12.8; SD = 5.1) and deferring (X=19.9; SD = 6.3). We did not observe significant associations between RS indicators and @entity458 , nor did we observe appreciable differences related to gender or risk perception. Although RS beliefs and practices are important for many African-Americans, we did not find evidence that indicators of self-reported RS are associated with @entity458 prior to genetic counseling and testing.

title: Religiosity, spirituality, and XXXX in African-Americans at risk for having a hereditary cancer predisposing gene mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'familial cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress', 'Elevated psychological distress']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This naturalistic study is a contribution to randomized controlled trials which reflect only a very limited part of @entity1 of the clinical practice and the relevance of guideline recommended treatment. METHODS: Adhering to quality assurance and development of treatment guidelines, 224 @entity1 were evaluated for the effectiveness of inpatient treatment of @entity308 by assessing admission and discharge @entity308 scores, response and remission rates. Furthermore @entity1 who were treated according to current guidelines (duration of treatment, dosage of antidepressants, combination of medication and psychotherapy) were compared to @entity1 who did not meet those criteria. Primary outcome measure was the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAMD). Secondary outcome measures included Beck @entity308 Inventary (BDI). RESULTS: Mean HAMD-17 total score decreased from 28.9 to 8.0. Effect sizes d were similar to other naturalistic studies (d(HAMD) = 2.9; d(BDI) = 1.4); 84.4% of the @entity1 could reach complete or partial response criteria for the HAMD-17. @entity1 treated according to guidelines could reach remission in 73% of cases (HAMD) vs. 59.6% remission rate for non-guideline @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This trial shows high remission rates in inpatient treatment of @entity308 compared to similar effectiveness studies. Guideline according treatment might be superior to other treatment strategies.

title: Adherence to guidelines and effectiveness of inpatient treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar depressive disorders', 'Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['unipolar depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous work demonstrated that the transcription factor, early growth response-1 ( @entity14745 ), participates in the development of @entity1560 ( @entity1560 ) after chronic @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) administration. Here, we determined the extent to which @entity14745 is involved in @entity1560 development in @entity19 subjected to acute @entity167 administration. METHODS: In acute studies, we treated both wild-type and @entity14745 null @entity19 with either @entity167 or @entity1391 -buffered saline (PBS) by gastric intubation. At various times after treatment, we harvested sera and livers and quantified endotoxin, indices of @entity99 , @entity1560 , and hepatic @entity14745 content. In chronic studies, groups of @entity19 were fed liquid diets containing either @entity167 or isocaloric @entity7969 -dextrin for 7 to 8 weeks. RESULTS: Compared with controls, acute @entity167 -treated @entity19 showed a rapid, transient elevation in serum endotoxin beginning 30 minutes after treatment. One hour postgavage, livers from @entity167 -treated @entity19 exhibited a robust elevation of both @entity14745 mRNA and protein. By 3 hours postgavage, liver @entity412 increased in @entity167 -treated @entity19 as did lipid peroxidation. Acute @entity167 treatment of @entity14745 -null @entity19 showed no @entity14745 expression, but these animals still developed elevated @entity1674 , although significantly lower than @entity167 -fed wild-type littermates. Despite @entity1560 , @entity167 -treated @entity14745 null @entity19 exhibited greater @entity99 . After chronic @entity167 feeding, @entity1560 and @entity382 were clearly evident, but there was no indication of elevated endotoxin. @entity14745 levels in @entity167 -fed @entity19 were equal to those of pair-fed controls. CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity167 administration induced the synthesis of @entity14745 in @entity19 liver. However, despite its robust increase, the transcription factor had a smaller, albeit significant, function in @entity1560 development after acute @entity167 treatment. We propose that the rise in @entity14745 after acute @entity167 is an hepatoprotective adaptation to acute @entity99 from binge drinking that is triggered by @entity167 metabolism and elevated levels of endotoxin.

title: Early growth response-1 contributes to XXXX development after acute @entity1068 administration.

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis', 'fatty liver', 'showing decreased fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['liver enlargement']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['steatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous work demonstrated that the transcription factor, early growth response-1 ( @entity14745 ), participates in the development of @entity1560 ( @entity1560 ) after chronic @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) administration. Here, we determined the extent to which @entity14745 is involved in @entity1560 development in @entity19 subjected to acute @entity167 administration. METHODS: In acute studies, we treated both wild-type and @entity14745 null @entity19 with either @entity167 or @entity1391 -buffered saline (PBS) by gastric intubation. At various times after treatment, we harvested sera and livers and quantified endotoxin, indices of @entity99 , @entity1560 , and hepatic @entity14745 content. In chronic studies, groups of @entity19 were fed liquid diets containing either @entity167 or isocaloric @entity7969 -dextrin for 7 to 8 weeks. RESULTS: Compared with controls, acute @entity167 -treated @entity19 showed a rapid, transient elevation in serum endotoxin beginning 30 minutes after treatment. One hour postgavage, livers from @entity167 -treated @entity19 exhibited a robust elevation of both @entity14745 mRNA and protein. By 3 hours postgavage, liver @entity412 increased in @entity167 -treated @entity19 as did lipid peroxidation. Acute @entity167 treatment of @entity14745 -null @entity19 showed no @entity14745 expression, but these animals still developed elevated @entity1674 , although significantly lower than @entity167 -fed wild-type littermates. Despite @entity1560 , @entity167 -treated @entity14745 null @entity19 exhibited greater @entity99 . After chronic @entity167 feeding, @entity1560 and @entity382 were clearly evident, but there was no indication of elevated endotoxin. @entity14745 levels in @entity167 -fed @entity19 were equal to those of pair-fed controls. CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity167 administration induced the synthesis of @entity14745 in @entity19 liver. However, despite its robust increase, the transcription factor had a smaller, albeit significant, function in @entity1560 development after acute @entity167 treatment. We propose that the rise in @entity14745 after acute @entity167 is an hepatoprotective adaptation to acute @entity99 from binge drinking that is triggered by @entity167 metabolism and elevated levels of endotoxin.

title: Early growth response-1 contributes to @entity1560 development after acute XXXX administration.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential and the vascularization of embroidered, tissue engineered, and cell-seeded 3D @entity13099 ( @entity13100 ) scaffolds in nude @entity35 . Collagen I (coll I)- and collagen I/chondroitin @entity597 (coll I/CS)-coated @entity13100 scaffolds were seeded with @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Proliferation and differentiation were characterized by different biochemical assays in vitro. For animal experiments, the cells were cultivated on coll I- or coll I/CS-coated scaffolds and either expanded or osteogenically differentiated. Scaffolds were piled up to create a 3D scaffold pad and implanted subcutaneously into nude @entity35 . In vitro hMSC showed proliferation and differentiation on @entity13100 scaffolds. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and @entity460 increased in the differentiation medium and in the presence of coll I/CS. In vivo blood vessels were found in the scaffold-stack. Histological/immunohistological analyses of explanted scaffolds showed osteogenic markers such as osteopontin, @entity12912 , and coll I around the @entity13100 fibers. Coll I/CS-coated scaffolds with expanded hMSC showed higher values of ALP and @entity460 than the other combinations. Embroidered @entity13100 scaffolds, coated with extracellular matrix components, provided an adequate environment and, therefore, a template for hMSC which could be differentiated in osteogenic direction.

title: Evaluation of the osteogenic potential and vascularization of 3D XXXX scaffolds subcutaneously implanted in nude @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity13099 :: ('MESH:C003182', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(3)hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity13099 :: (MESH:C003182,Chemical) :: ['poly(3)hydroxybutyrate']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential and the vascularization of embroidered, tissue engineered, and cell-seeded 3D @entity13099 ( @entity13100 ) scaffolds in nude @entity35 . Collagen I (coll I)- and collagen I/chondroitin @entity597 (coll I/CS)-coated @entity13100 scaffolds were seeded with @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Proliferation and differentiation were characterized by different biochemical assays in vitro. For animal experiments, the cells were cultivated on coll I- or coll I/CS-coated scaffolds and either expanded or osteogenically differentiated. Scaffolds were piled up to create a 3D scaffold pad and implanted subcutaneously into nude @entity35 . In vitro hMSC showed proliferation and differentiation on @entity13100 scaffolds. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and @entity460 increased in the differentiation medium and in the presence of coll I/CS. In vivo blood vessels were found in the scaffold-stack. Histological/immunohistological analyses of explanted scaffolds showed osteogenic markers such as osteopontin, @entity12912 , and coll I around the @entity13100 fibers. Coll I/CS-coated scaffolds with expanded hMSC showed higher values of ALP and @entity460 than the other combinations. Embroidered @entity13100 scaffolds, coated with extracellular matrix components, provided an adequate environment and, therefore, a template for hMSC which could be differentiated in osteogenic direction.

title: Evaluation of the osteogenic potential and vascularization of 3D @entity13099 scaffolds subcutaneously implanted in nude XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of preoperative hormonal therapy before laparoscopic cystectomy of @entity43 . We identified differences in follicle loss and surgical difficulties with or without preoperative hormonal therapy. METHODS: Ninety-six @entity1 with @entity43 underwent a laparoscopic cystectomy. @entity1 were divided into three groups: control group A (53 @entity1 , 57 cysts) with no preoperative hormonal therapy; group B (34 @entity1 , 40 cysts) who received @entity4396 agonist therapy; and group C (9 @entity1 , 11 cysts) who received @entity1872 therapy before surgery. The medical and videotape records of all @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. The specimens of @entity46 were histologically evaluated. RESULTS: Mean diameters of @entity46 before hormonal therapy in groups B and C were significantly greater than those in the control group. There were no significant differences in the following: the mean diameter of removed cysts, the revised-American Society of Reproductive Medicine scores, the number of capsules containing follicle(s), and the mean number of follicles attached to a cyst. However, the number of capsules showing @entity82 significantly increased in the preoperative hormonal therapy groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the mean operation time of the preoperative hormonal groups was significantly longer than that of the control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that preoperative hormonal therapy reduced the size of @entity46 . However, with similar revised-American Society of Reproductive Medicine scores, preoperative hormonal therapy did not contribute to the reduction of the loss of ovarian follicles. @entity82 resulting from hormonal therapy appears to be responsible for these observations.

title: The efficacy of preoperative hormonal therapy before laparoscopic cystectomy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometrioma', 'ovarian endometriomas']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian endometriomas']


abstract: Normal @entity148 is an adaptive emotional response. However, when @entity148 appears to lack adaptive value, it might be defined as pathological. Adaptation in animals can be assessed for example by changes in behavioural responses over time, i.e. habituation. We hypothesize that non-adaptive @entity148 might be reflected by impaired habituation. To test our hypothesis, we repeatedly exposed male @entity19 from two inbred strains to a novel environment, the modified hole board. BALB/cJ @entity19 were found to be initially highly anxious, but subsequently habituated to the test environment. In contrast, 129P3/J @entity19 initially showed less @entity148 compared with the BALB/cJ @entity19 but no habituation in @entity148 was observed. Notably, @entity148 even increased during the experimental period. Complementary, 129P3/J @entity19 did not show habituation in other parameters such as locomotor and exploratory activity, whereas significant changes appeared in these behaviours in BALB/c @entity19 . Finally, the expression of the @entity9829 gene @entity9830 differed between the two strains in distinct brain areas, known to regulate the integration of emotional and cognitive processes. These results suggest that 129P3/J @entity19 might be a promising (neuro)-behavioural animal model for non-adaptive, i.e. pathological @entity148 .

title: Identifying emotional adaptation: behavioural habituation to novelty and XXXX gene expression in two inbred @entity19 strains.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety-related behaviour', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity9829 :: (16476(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['immediate early']


abstract: Normal @entity148 is an adaptive emotional response. However, when @entity148 appears to lack adaptive value, it might be defined as pathological. Adaptation in animals can be assessed for example by changes in behavioural responses over time, i.e. habituation. We hypothesize that non-adaptive @entity148 might be reflected by impaired habituation. To test our hypothesis, we repeatedly exposed male @entity19 from two inbred strains to a novel environment, the modified hole board. BALB/cJ @entity19 were found to be initially highly anxious, but subsequently habituated to the test environment. In contrast, 129P3/J @entity19 initially showed less @entity148 compared with the BALB/cJ @entity19 but no habituation in @entity148 was observed. Notably, @entity148 even increased during the experimental period. Complementary, 129P3/J @entity19 did not show habituation in other parameters such as locomotor and exploratory activity, whereas significant changes appeared in these behaviours in BALB/c @entity19 . Finally, the expression of the @entity9829 gene @entity9830 differed between the two strains in distinct brain areas, known to regulate the integration of emotional and cognitive processes. These results suggest that 129P3/J @entity19 might be a promising (neuro)-behavioural animal model for non-adaptive, i.e. pathological @entity148 .

title: Identifying emotional adaptation: behavioural habituation to novelty and @entity9829 gene expression in two inbred XXXX strains.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: This review article summarizes the @entity66 likely to be seen by a Western dermatologist. The article aims to cover both @entity66 and those likely to present in the returning traveler. @entity15903 is due to the gravid sand flea (Tunga penetrans) embedding into the stratum corneum of a @entity1 host. As the flea is a ground dweller, lesions are usually present on the feet and are classically periungual. The sand flea is eventually shed spontaneously but to reduce the infection risk, early surgical removal is recommended. Infestation by the Diptera species of @entity238 causes @entity4057 , which may be primary, secondary, or accidental. The botfly ( @entity41700 ) is one of the causes of primary @entity4057 covered in this article. Traditionally, botfly larvae are forced to partially emerge by occluding the breathing apparatus, following which manual extraction can occur. Alternatively, the larvae can be surgically removed. The common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) has experienced a resurgence over the past 10 years. Bites are typically arranged in clusters or a linear fashion and vary from urticated wheals to @entity548 . Treatment is symptomatic with antihistamines and topical corticosteroids. In addition, bed bugs need to be eradicated from furniture and soft furnishings. Ticks are part of the Arachnid class of joint-legged animals and can transmit a variety of @entity281 . This article briefly discusses Mediterranean spotted fever, @entity15798 , and @entity3001 as well as describing tick avoidance measures. Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis) is highly contagious and widely distributed around the world. It is common in the returning traveler and can require a high index of suspicion to diagnose. The treatment of choice in the US, UK, and Australia is @entity315 5% dermal cream, applied on two occasions, 1 week apart.

title: Recognition and management of common XXXX in travelers.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic diseases', 'ectoparasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic blisters']

entities_list: @entity41700 :: ('115427', 'Species') :: ['Dermatobia hominis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity315 :: ('MESH:D026023', 'Chemical') :: ['permethrin']

entities_list: @entity15798 :: ('MESH:D012373', 'Disease') :: ['Rocky Mountain spotted fever']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['ectoparasitic diseases']


abstract: AIM: Macroscopic and imaging indicators for lymph node @entity3 have been documented not in lateral pelvic lymph nodes but in mesorectal lymph nodes in @entity1 with @entity189 . We conducted this study to uncover morphological characteristics of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in @entity1 with @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with locally advanced @entity189 who had total mesorectal excision and lateral pelvic lymph node dissection were studied. Total number of lateral pelvic lymph nodes evaluated was 462, with 538 mesorectal lymph nodes being used for comparison. Factors of lymph nodes evaluated were size (long- and short-axes diameters), shape (ovoid and irregular), and heterogeneity of internal structure. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to compare the diagnostic accuracy of each factor. RESULTS: Lateral pelvic lymph node at non-metastatic status appeared to be longer (4.5 vs 3.5 mm) and thinner (2.2 vs 2.6 mm) than mesorectal lymph nodes. ROC curve analysis, for discriminating non-metastatic and metastatic lateral pelvic lymph nodes, revealed that a @entity851 diameter appeared to be the most prominent factor with highest area under curve (0.907) and was more reliable than either long-axis diameter (0.811) or shape (0.527) other than internal structure (1.00). A @entity851 diameter was an independent risk factor for @entity3 by multivariate analysis with an odds ratio of 1.29 (p < 0.0001, 95% confident interval, 1.22-1.36). The most reliable cut-off value was 4 mm with 96% of sensitivity, 68% of specificity, and 82% of overall accuracy. CONCLUSION: Lateral pelvic lymph nodes tended to be longer and thinner than mesorectal lymph nodes at non-metastatic status. A @entity851 diameter of 4 mm or larger was the prominent indicator of @entity3 in lateral pelvic lymph nodes.

title: Morphological characteristics of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short-axis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoma']


abstract: An immense volume of tailings and tailings water is accumulating in tailings ponds located on mine leases in the oil sands area of Alberta, Canada. Oil sands mining companies have proposed to use tailings- and tailings water-amended lakes and wetlands as part of their mine remediation plans. @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are substances of concern in oil sands tailings and tailings water. In this study, we determined concentrations of @entity2556 in sediments, insect larvae and adult insects collected in or adjacent to three groups of wetlands: experimental wetlands to which tailings or tailings water had been purposely added, oil sands wetlands that were located on the mine leases but which had not been experimentally manipulated and reference wetlands located near the mine leases. Alkylated @entity2556 dominated the @entity2556 profile in all types of samples in the three categories of wetlands. Median and maximum @entity2556 concentrations, especially alkylated @entity2556 concentrations, tended to be higher in sediments and insect larvae in experimental wetlands than in the other types of wetlands. Such was not the case for adult insects, which contained higher than expected levels of @entity2556 in the three types of ponds. Overlap in @entity2556 concentrations in larvae among pond types suggests that any increase in @entity2556 levels resulting from the addition of tailings and tailings water to wetlands would be modest. Biota-sediment accumulation factors were higher for alkylated @entity2556 than for their parent counterparts and were lower in experimental wetlands than in oil sands and reference wetlands. Research is needed to examine factors that affect the bioavailability of @entity2556 in oil sands tailings- or tailings water-amended wetlands.

title: Levels of XXXX and dibenzothiophenes in wetland sediments and aquatic insects in the oil sands area of northeastern Alberta, Canada.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rule of lymph-node @entity3 in @entity356 and the rational extent of lymph node dissection. METHODS: Clinicopathological data of 77 @entity1 with @entity356 were reviewed and the relationship between extent of lymph-node dissection and prognosis was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: (1) The lymph node @entity3 rates were 64.9% for N(1), 14.3% for N(2) and 10.4% for N(3). (2) No lymph node @entity3 was detected in T(1) stage @entity5 and maximum diameter of less than 2.0 cm. The lymph node @entity3 rates were 20% for T(2), 68.2% for T(3) and 82.8% for T(4) respectively. (3) Lymph node No.1, 3, 2 were often involved in the @entity3 of lymph node group 1, and No.7, 8, 10, 9 in Group 2. In lymph node group 3, lymph node @entity3 rates were 6.5% for No.5, 1.3% for No.6, 1.3% for No.16 and 2.6% for No.107-110. (4) The five-year survival rates were 36.5% for D(3), 31.3% for D(2), and 22.7% for D(1) lymphadenectomy respectively. The survival rates of @entity1 undergone D(2) and D(3) lymphadenectomy were significantly higher than that undergone D(1) dissection (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: D(2) or more than D(2) lymphadenectomy associated with enlargement of esophageal hiatus via laparotomy, lower partial esophagectomy and total gastrectomy is able to achieve surgical resectability and improve the survival rate of @entity356 @entity1 .

title: [Investigate on rational lymph-node dissection for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cardia cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cardia cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7080 inhibitor (PPI) therapy is known to suppress gastric acid secretion. Thus PPI therapy may decrease gastric volume and gastric contents available for @entity354 by decreasing acid secretion. AIM: To determine the effect of PPI therapy on the gastric volume after a standard meal. METHODS: A total of nine healthy subjects were studied using magnetic resonance imaging, before and after a standard liquid meal mixed with a paramagnetic contrast to help demarcate the gastric region. Images were acquired for a total of 90 min after the meal. Studies were conducted before and following @entity1537 twice daily for 7 days. Images were analysed to determine the gastric liquid volume. RESULTS: Gastric volume, 15 min after the meal peaked to 611 +/- 37 mL on the control day and 539 +/- 30 mL following the PPI administration (P < 0.001). Average gastric volume remained significantly lower (56 +/- 9 mL, P < 0.05) on the PPI therapy from 5 to 75 min after the meal. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7080 inhibitor therapy causes a significant reduction in the gastric contents volume during first 75 min after the meal. In addition to increasing the gastric pH, PPI therapy may decrease the frequency of @entity354 by decreasing the volume of gastric contents.

title: Effect of XXXX inhibition on the gastric volume: assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity7080 :: (495,Gene) :: ['proton pump']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autophagy is a molecular process that breaks down damaged cellular organelles and yields @entity1522 for de novo protein synthesis or energy provision. Mechanical unloading with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) decreases the energy demand of the failing @entity1 heart. We tested the hypothesis that LVAD support reverses activation of autophagy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Paired biopsy samples of left ventricular myocardium were obtained from 9 @entity1 with @entity1000 (mean duration of LVAD support, 214 days) at the time of implantation and explantation of the LVAD. Transcript and protein levels of markers and mediators of autophagy and apoptosis were measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. TUNEL assays, C9 immunohistochemistry, and 20S proteasome activity assays were also performed. Mechanical unloading significantly decreased mRNA transcript levels of @entity8783 , @entity10614 ( @entity10614 ), and microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3 (MAP1-LC3 or LC3; P<0.02). Protein levels of @entity8783 , @entity10614 - @entity33770 conjugate, and LC3-II were also significantly reduced after LVAD support (P<0.05). A significant increase in 20S proteasome activity was observed with unloading, in parallel to the decrease in autophagic markers. Although @entity19003 and the ratio of activated @entity522 to @entity522 increased after LVAD support, @entity588 and TUNEL-positive nuclei were not significantly different between samples. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical unloading of the failing @entity1 heart decreases markers of autophagy. These findings suggest that autophagy may be an adaptive mechanism in the failing heart, and this phenomenon is attenuated by LVAD support.

title: Markers of autophagy are downregulated in failing XXXX heart after mechanical unloading.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity522 :: ('836', 'Gene') :: ['procaspase 3', 'caspase 3']

entities_list: @entity10614 :: ('9474', 'Gene') :: ['Atg5', 'autophagy-related gene 5']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because ambulatory care clinicians override as many as 91% of drug interaction alerts, the potential benefit of electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) with decision support is uncertain. METHODS: We studied 279 476 alerted prescriptions written by 2321 Massachusetts ambulatory care clinicians using a single commercial e-prescribing system from January 1 through June 30, 2006. An expert panel reviewed a sample of common drug interaction alerts, estimating the likelihood and severity of @entity137 ( @entity137 ) associated with each alert, the @entity130 to the @entity1 , and the health care utilization required to address each ADE. We estimated the cost savings due to e-prescribing by using third-party-payer and publicly available information. RESULTS: Based on the expert panel's estimates, electronic drug alerts likely prevented 402 (interquartile range [IQR], 133-846) @entity137 in 2006, including 49 (14-130) potentially serious, 125 (34-307) significant, and 228 (85-409) minor @entity137 . Accepted alerts may have prevented a @entity204 in 3 (IQR, 2-13) cases, @entity2319 in 14 (3-18), and temporary disability in 31 (10-97). Alerts potentially resulted in 39 (IQR, 14-100) fewer hospitalizations, 34 (6-74) fewer emergency department visits, and 267 (105-541) fewer office visits, for a cost savings of 402,619 USD (IQR, 141,012-1,012,386 USD). Based on the panel's estimates, 331 alerts were required to prevent 1 ADE, and a few alerts (10%) likely accounted for 60% of @entity137 and 78% of cost savings. CONCLUSIONS: Electronic prescribing alerts in ambulatory care may prevent a substantial number of injuries and reduce health care costs in Massachusetts. Because a few alerts account for most of the benefit, e-prescribing systems should suppress low-value alerts.

title: An empirical model to estimate the potential impact of medication safety alerts on XXXX safety, health care utilization, and cost in ambulatory care.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug events', 'ADEs']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent disability']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['likely injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of 1-mg and 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal @entity2713 with observation for eyes with @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to perfused central @entity2994 (CRVO). METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, clinical trial of 271 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Gain in visual acuity letter score of 15 or more from baseline to month 12. RESULTS: Seven percent, 27%, and 26% of @entity1 achieved the primary outcome in the observation, 1-mg, and 4-mg groups, respectively. The odds of achieving the primary outcome were 5.0 times greater in the 1-mg group than the observation group (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-14.1; P = .001) and 5.0 times greater in 4-mg group than the observation group (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-14.4; P = .001); there was no difference identified between the 1-mg and 4-mg groups (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.5-2.1; P = .97). The rates of @entity2790 and @entity231 were similar for the observation and 1-mg groups, but higher in the 4-mg group. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal @entity2713 is superior to observation for treating @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to CRVO in @entity1 who have characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. The 1-mg dose has a safety profile superior to that of the 4-mg dose. Application to Clinical Practice Intravitreal @entity2713 in a 1-mg dose, following the retreatment criteria applied in the SCORE Study, should be considered for up to 1 year, and possibly 2 years, for @entity1 with characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027.

title: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal XXXX with observation to treat @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to central @entity2994 : the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for @entity2994 (SCORE) study report 5.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2713 :: (MESH:D014221,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of 1-mg and 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal @entity2713 with observation for eyes with @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to perfused central @entity2994 (CRVO). METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, clinical trial of 271 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Gain in visual acuity letter score of 15 or more from baseline to month 12. RESULTS: Seven percent, 27%, and 26% of @entity1 achieved the primary outcome in the observation, 1-mg, and 4-mg groups, respectively. The odds of achieving the primary outcome were 5.0 times greater in the 1-mg group than the observation group (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-14.1; P = .001) and 5.0 times greater in 4-mg group than the observation group (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-14.4; P = .001); there was no difference identified between the 1-mg and 4-mg groups (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.5-2.1; P = .97). The rates of @entity2790 and @entity231 were similar for the observation and 1-mg groups, but higher in the 4-mg group. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal @entity2713 is superior to observation for treating @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to CRVO in @entity1 who have characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. The 1-mg dose has a safety profile superior to that of the 4-mg dose. Application to Clinical Practice Intravitreal @entity2713 in a 1-mg dose, following the retreatment criteria applied in the SCORE Study, should be considered for up to 1 year, and possibly 2 years, for @entity1 with characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027.

title: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal @entity2713 with observation to treat @entity1018 associated with XXXX secondary to central @entity2994 : the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for @entity2994 (SCORE) study report 5.

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['macular edema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of 1-mg and 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal @entity2713 with observation for eyes with @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to perfused central @entity2994 (CRVO). METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, clinical trial of 271 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Gain in visual acuity letter score of 15 or more from baseline to month 12. RESULTS: Seven percent, 27%, and 26% of @entity1 achieved the primary outcome in the observation, 1-mg, and 4-mg groups, respectively. The odds of achieving the primary outcome were 5.0 times greater in the 1-mg group than the observation group (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-14.1; P = .001) and 5.0 times greater in 4-mg group than the observation group (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-14.4; P = .001); there was no difference identified between the 1-mg and 4-mg groups (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.5-2.1; P = .97). The rates of @entity2790 and @entity231 were similar for the observation and 1-mg groups, but higher in the 4-mg group. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal @entity2713 is superior to observation for treating @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to CRVO in @entity1 who have characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. The 1-mg dose has a safety profile superior to that of the 4-mg dose. Application to Clinical Practice Intravitreal @entity2713 in a 1-mg dose, following the retreatment criteria applied in the SCORE Study, should be considered for up to 1 year, and possibly 2 years, for @entity1 with characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027.

title: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal @entity2713 with observation to treat XXXX associated with @entity1103 secondary to central @entity2994 : the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for @entity2994 (SCORE) study report 5.

answer: @entity1018 :: (MESH:D054062,Disease) :: ['vision loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of 1-mg and 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal @entity2713 with observation for eyes with @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to perfused central @entity2994 (CRVO). METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, clinical trial of 271 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Gain in visual acuity letter score of 15 or more from baseline to month 12. RESULTS: Seven percent, 27%, and 26% of @entity1 achieved the primary outcome in the observation, 1-mg, and 4-mg groups, respectively. The odds of achieving the primary outcome were 5.0 times greater in the 1-mg group than the observation group (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-14.1; P = .001) and 5.0 times greater in 4-mg group than the observation group (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-14.4; P = .001); there was no difference identified between the 1-mg and 4-mg groups (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.5-2.1; P = .97). The rates of @entity2790 and @entity231 were similar for the observation and 1-mg groups, but higher in the 4-mg group. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal @entity2713 is superior to observation for treating @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to CRVO in @entity1 who have characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. The 1-mg dose has a safety profile superior to that of the 4-mg dose. Application to Clinical Practice Intravitreal @entity2713 in a 1-mg dose, following the retreatment criteria applied in the SCORE Study, should be considered for up to 1 year, and possibly 2 years, for @entity1 with characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027.

title: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal @entity2713 with observation to treat @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to central XXXX : the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for @entity2994 (SCORE) study report 5.

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of 1-mg and 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal @entity2713 with observation for eyes with @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to perfused central @entity2994 (CRVO). METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, clinical trial of 271 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Gain in visual acuity letter score of 15 or more from baseline to month 12. RESULTS: Seven percent, 27%, and 26% of @entity1 achieved the primary outcome in the observation, 1-mg, and 4-mg groups, respectively. The odds of achieving the primary outcome were 5.0 times greater in the 1-mg group than the observation group (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-14.1; P = .001) and 5.0 times greater in 4-mg group than the observation group (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-14.4; P = .001); there was no difference identified between the 1-mg and 4-mg groups (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.5-2.1; P = .97). The rates of @entity2790 and @entity231 were similar for the observation and 1-mg groups, but higher in the 4-mg group. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal @entity2713 is superior to observation for treating @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to CRVO in @entity1 who have characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. The 1-mg dose has a safety profile superior to that of the 4-mg dose. Application to Clinical Practice Intravitreal @entity2713 in a 1-mg dose, following the retreatment criteria applied in the SCORE Study, should be considered for up to 1 year, and possibly 2 years, for @entity1 with characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027.

title: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal @entity2713 with observation to treat @entity1018 associated with @entity1103 secondary to central @entity2994 : the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for XXXX (SCORE) study report 5.

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['Retinal Vein Occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of non-permanent filter in preventing @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) caused by @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). METHODS: The clinical data of 12 @entity1 who were implanted with non-permanent filter for documented @entity1211 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2003 to June 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Among these 12 @entity1 , 10 were implanted with temporary filters, and 2 with retrievable filters. All the 12 operations were successful without major complications. In the 10 @entity1 who received temporary filters, filters were smoothly removed after 4 weeks in 9 @entity1 , while one @entity1 was further treated with anticoagulation therapy for 12 weeks because large emboli were entrapped by filter. In the 2 @entity1 who received retrievable filters, filter were smoothly removed 2 weeks later in one @entity1 ; however, in another @entity1 , the filter was left inside because large emboli were entrapped by filter. In all the 12 @entity1 , emboli were entrapped in 6 filters (50%), in which the emboli were larger than 2 cm in 2 @entity1 , larger than 1 cm but less than 2 cm in 1 @entity1 , and less than 1 cm in 3 @entity1 . @entity1151 scanning was performed in 10 @entity1 before primary implantation, and @entity1151 was found in 5 @entity1 . @entity1151 scanning was performed in 8 @entity1 6 months after implantation, and minor @entity1151 was found in 4 @entity1 , whose symptoms and affected pulmonary artery were obviously improved. All @entity1 received regular follow-up (ranged from 3 months to 2 years), 1 @entity1 died of @entity5 4 months after operation, 1 @entity1 suffered @entity432 due to large emboli entrapped by the temporary filter, and 1 @entity1 experienced the recurrence of symptomatic @entity1211 . Symptoms were improved in all the 5 @entity1 with @entity1151 . CONCLUSIONS: Non-permanent filter can safely and effectively protect @entity1 from @entity1151 . More standardized criteria for placement and protocols to ensure timely removal should be developed and implemented.

title: [Safety and efficiency of non-permanent inferior vena cava filters in preventing XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena cava occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['DVT', 'deep venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the characteristics of the physiological uptake of uterus and ovaries on @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG PET). METHODS: A total of 288 PET examinations performed in 247 @entity1 (164 with @entity5 , 44 with benign diseases, and 39 without remarkable abnormality) were included for analysis, and clinical follow-ups were applied for at least 10 months to exclude @entity530 . The menstrual statuses, menstrual cycles, and related pelvic examinations with other modalities were inquired before each PET examination. PET scanning was performed from pelvis to neck with a Siemens ECAT EXACT HR + system. The uptake levels of uterus and ovaries were set as intense, moderate, and mild by comparing to liver uptake. RESULTS: In 116 @entity1 (131 examinations ) with regular menstruation, the endometrial uptake, usually in inverted cone shape surrounded by relatively low-uptake uterine wall, was observed with two peaks in the early menstrual flow phase and in the mid-cycle respectively; the ovarian uptake was more prominent in the mid-cycle, with the foci of uptake in ovoidal shape and located at the left and/or right side superior-posterior to the bladder. From the early menstrual flow phase to the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycles, the probabilities of mild uptake in both endometrium and ovaries were 7%, 86%, 80%, 58%, 20%, 40%, 64%, and 59%, respectively, indicating that the late menstrual flow phase and the early proliferative phase had the least probability of intense or moderate uptake. No intense uptake was observed in the 17 @entity1 (19 examinations) presenting remarkably irregular menstrual cycle, 112 @entity1 (136 studies) in menopause for 3 months to 39 years, and 2 @entity1 without menstruation yet. Only one @entity1 within 1 year of menopause and a 14-year-old @entity1 expected to start menstruation showed mild to moderate uptake in the endometrium. CONCLUSION: The physiological endometrial and ovarian uptakes have specific shapes and positions on @entity419 PET images, which correlates well with the menstrual phases.

title: [Characteristics of physiological uptake of uterus and ovaries on XXXX positron emission tomography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '18F-FDG']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: @entity4153 represents 20 to 25 % of all @entity2 . It is characterized by his quickly dissemination. Chemotherapy is the comer stone of @entity151 therapy. However, therapeutic approach are depending on @entity1 's performans states and the disease's extension. The role of radiotherapy is established in the treatment of limited disease. However irradiation's modalities are still discussed. Surgery, usually, contraindicated is, actually, possible in early stages (T1T2N0). Recent advances in molecular biology have created new molecular targeted therapies for SCC but the benefits are not still evaluated. In this article, we review briefly classic strategies that have been evaluated in the management of @entity1 with @entity4153 . This review will, also, focus in the main novel cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy's modalities and for their clinical implication.

title: [Toward optimization of XXXX management].

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'Small cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The aims of the present study were to describe the ontogeny of spatial relationships between placental components in @entity6599 and to investigate alterations in these indices following (1) moderate maternal nutrient restriction and (2) administration of glucocorticoids to pregnant @entity6599 . We investigated the effects of glucocorticoids since they have been shown to play a role in the altered fetal growth that accompanies maternal nutrient restriction. Glucocorticoids are also given to pregnant @entity1 who threaten @entity3152 to accelerate fetal lung maturation. A third aim was to compare our findings to those in similar conditions in @entity1 pregnancy. Volumetric placental development in the @entity3474 was similar to that in the @entity1 , although growth of fetal capillaries was slower over the second half of gestation in @entity3474 than in @entity1 placentas. Intervillous space (IVS) and villous star volumes were halved at the end of gestation compared to the middle of gestation, as described in the @entity1 placenta. When mothers were fed 70% of feed eaten by controls fed ad libitum, placental volumetric structure was unchanged at mid-gestation but was altered by the end of gestation when placental weight, but not fetal weight or length, was decreased. At the end of gestation villous volume and surface area, capillary surface area, and the villous isomorphic coefficient were all decreased, In contrast, IVS hydraulic diameter was increased. All parameters were similar in pregnancies with male and female fetuses, with the exception of fetal capillary volume, which was unchanged in pooled samples and those from male fetuses, but decreased in pregnancies with female fetuses. Glucocorticoid administration during the second half of gestation did not produce any changes in the measured indices of placental composition. In summary, these changes in placental structure, associated with maternal nutrient restriction, would all act to decrease placental transport of nutrients. The influence of MNR on villous capillarization depends on fetal gender.

title: Moderate maternal nutrient restriction, but not glucocorticoid administration, leads to placental morphological changes in the XXXX (Papio sp.).

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['premature labor']

answer: @entity3474 :: (9555,Species) :: ['baboon']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the existing literature on the incidence of @entity2805 . In a comprehensive literature review, the authors identified 48 articles published since 1965 and written in English which reported the incidence and risk factors for @entity2805 or assessed outcomes related to @entity2318 . Most studies had important methodological limitations limiting the generalizability of the findings. In particular, the absence of standardized valid measures of @entity2318 and other outcome variables was a major barrier to drawing strong conclusions. Among studies on @entity2805 , the prevalence rate varied between 32 and 72%. Identified risk factors included dark skin, female gender, young age, burn site on neck and upper limb, multiple surgical procedures, meshed skin graph, time to healing, and burn severity. With regard to psychosocial outcomes, two studies compared pediatric burn survivors with a nonburn comparison group on a body image measure; neither study found differences between groups. Across studies, burn severity and location had a modest relationship with psychosocial outcome variables. Psychosocial variables such as social comfort and perceived stigmatization were more highly associated with body image than burn characteristics. To advance our knowledge of the epidemiology of scars and the burden of scars, future studies need to implement more rigorous methodologies. In particular, standardized valid measures of @entity2318 and other outcomes should be developed. This process could be facilitated by an international collaboration among burn centers.

title: Epidemiology and impact of XXXX after burn injury: a systematic review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scarring and the psychosocial impact of burn scars', 'hypertrophic scarring']

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['scarring']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review at a single center. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and risk factors associated with proximal junctional @entity1513 (PJK) and distal junctional @entity1513 (DJK) in @entity1 undergoing instrumented spinal fusion for @entity8322 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previously reported risk factors for junctional @entity1513 include improper end vertebrae selection, curve correction greater than 50%, or excessive junctional soft tissue dissection. METHODS: Clinical and radiographic data on 67 @entity1 (mean age 37) from a single center treated with instrumented fusion for @entity8322 were reviewed. All @entity1 had complete radiographic data with a minimum 5-year follow-up (mean: 73 months). Abnormal PJK was defined by a proximal junctional angle greater than 10 degrees and at least 10 degrees greater than the corresponding preoperative measurement. DJK was similarly defined between the caudal endplate of the lower instrumented vertebra to the caudal endplate that was 1 vertebra below. RESULTS: The incidence of PJK as defined above was seen in 20 @entity1 (30%). The development of PJK was associated with failure to incorporate the proximal end vertebra (15 @entity1 ), disruption of junctional ligamentum flavum (3 @entity1 ), or combination of both (2 @entity1 ). The most common cause of inappropriate end vertebra selection was poor visualization of the @entity1514 .DJK occurred in 8 @entity1 (12%) and 7 of them had fusion short of including the first @entity1797 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of PJK can be minimized by the appropriate selection of the upper end vertebra to be fused and avoiding disruption of the junctional ligamentum flavum. The development of DJK can be minimized by incorporation of the first @entity1797 into the fusion construct.

title: Incidence and risk factors for proximal and distal junctional XXXX following surgical treatment for @entity8322 : minimum five-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8322 :: ('MESH:D012544', 'Disease') :: ['Scheuermann kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['lordotic disc']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['upper thoracic vertebra']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['kyphosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review at a single center. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and risk factors associated with proximal junctional @entity1513 (PJK) and distal junctional @entity1513 (DJK) in @entity1 undergoing instrumented spinal fusion for @entity8322 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previously reported risk factors for junctional @entity1513 include improper end vertebrae selection, curve correction greater than 50%, or excessive junctional soft tissue dissection. METHODS: Clinical and radiographic data on 67 @entity1 (mean age 37) from a single center treated with instrumented fusion for @entity8322 were reviewed. All @entity1 had complete radiographic data with a minimum 5-year follow-up (mean: 73 months). Abnormal PJK was defined by a proximal junctional angle greater than 10 degrees and at least 10 degrees greater than the corresponding preoperative measurement. DJK was similarly defined between the caudal endplate of the lower instrumented vertebra to the caudal endplate that was 1 vertebra below. RESULTS: The incidence of PJK as defined above was seen in 20 @entity1 (30%). The development of PJK was associated with failure to incorporate the proximal end vertebra (15 @entity1 ), disruption of junctional ligamentum flavum (3 @entity1 ), or combination of both (2 @entity1 ). The most common cause of inappropriate end vertebra selection was poor visualization of the @entity1514 .DJK occurred in 8 @entity1 (12%) and 7 of them had fusion short of including the first @entity1797 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of PJK can be minimized by the appropriate selection of the upper end vertebra to be fused and avoiding disruption of the junctional ligamentum flavum. The development of DJK can be minimized by incorporation of the first @entity1797 into the fusion construct.

title: Incidence and risk factors for proximal and distal junctional @entity1513 following surgical treatment for XXXX : minimum five-year follow-up.

answer: @entity8322 :: (MESH:D012544,Disease) :: ['Scheuermann kyphosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The immune response to @entity5 -specific antigens is typically unable to control the growth and spread of malignant cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that the suppressive effects of @entity404 + @entity2902 + regulatory T-cells are at least partially responsible for the failure of immune-mediated elimination of @entity5 cells. METHODS: We have studied 25 @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). The liver tissues with @entity157 were separated into the marginal region of @entity5 (peri- @entity5 region) and the non- @entity5 region distant from the @entity5 . @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells were quantified in the blood and the liver by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and their effect on T-cell proliferation and activation was determined. RESULTS: We found a significant increase in both the proportion and absolute numbers of @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells in the peri- @entity5 regions, but not in unaffected areas (9.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 4.6 +/- 2.8%, P = 0.011). @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells isolated from peri- @entity5 regions displayed phenotype markers characteristic of regulatory T-cells, and expressed @entity403 mRNA. @entity405 + T-cells in peri- @entity5 regions were inversely proportional to @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells in the same region (P < 0.001). Moreover, isolated @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells inhibited autologous @entity405 + T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells in the marginal region of @entity157 may play a critical role in controlling @entity405 + cytotoxic T-cell activity and, thereby, contribute to the progression of @entity157 .

title: Increase of @entity404 + @entity2902 + regulatory T-cells in the liver of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The immune response to @entity5 -specific antigens is typically unable to control the growth and spread of malignant cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that the suppressive effects of @entity404 + @entity2902 + regulatory T-cells are at least partially responsible for the failure of immune-mediated elimination of @entity5 cells. METHODS: We have studied 25 @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). The liver tissues with @entity157 were separated into the marginal region of @entity5 (peri- @entity5 region) and the non- @entity5 region distant from the @entity5 . @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells were quantified in the blood and the liver by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and their effect on T-cell proliferation and activation was determined. RESULTS: We found a significant increase in both the proportion and absolute numbers of @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells in the peri- @entity5 regions, but not in unaffected areas (9.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 4.6 +/- 2.8%, P = 0.011). @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells isolated from peri- @entity5 regions displayed phenotype markers characteristic of regulatory T-cells, and expressed @entity403 mRNA. @entity405 + T-cells in peri- @entity5 regions were inversely proportional to @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells in the same region (P < 0.001). Moreover, isolated @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells inhibited autologous @entity405 + T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells in the marginal region of @entity157 may play a critical role in controlling @entity405 + cytotoxic T-cell activity and, thereby, contribute to the progression of @entity157 .

title: Increase of @entity404 + XXXX + regulatory T-cells in the liver of @entity1 with @entity157 .

answer: @entity2902 :: (3559,Gene) :: ['CD25']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The immune response to @entity5 -specific antigens is typically unable to control the growth and spread of malignant cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that the suppressive effects of @entity404 + @entity2902 + regulatory T-cells are at least partially responsible for the failure of immune-mediated elimination of @entity5 cells. METHODS: We have studied 25 @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). The liver tissues with @entity157 were separated into the marginal region of @entity5 (peri- @entity5 region) and the non- @entity5 region distant from the @entity5 . @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells were quantified in the blood and the liver by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and their effect on T-cell proliferation and activation was determined. RESULTS: We found a significant increase in both the proportion and absolute numbers of @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells in the peri- @entity5 regions, but not in unaffected areas (9.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 4.6 +/- 2.8%, P = 0.011). @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells isolated from peri- @entity5 regions displayed phenotype markers characteristic of regulatory T-cells, and expressed @entity403 mRNA. @entity405 + T-cells in peri- @entity5 regions were inversely proportional to @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells in the same region (P < 0.001). Moreover, isolated @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells inhibited autologous @entity405 + T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells in the marginal region of @entity157 may play a critical role in controlling @entity405 + cytotoxic T-cell activity and, thereby, contribute to the progression of @entity157 .

title: Increase of XXXX + @entity2902 + regulatory T-cells in the liver of @entity1 with @entity157 .

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The immune response to @entity5 -specific antigens is typically unable to control the growth and spread of malignant cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that the suppressive effects of @entity404 + @entity2902 + regulatory T-cells are at least partially responsible for the failure of immune-mediated elimination of @entity5 cells. METHODS: We have studied 25 @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ). The liver tissues with @entity157 were separated into the marginal region of @entity5 (peri- @entity5 region) and the non- @entity5 region distant from the @entity5 . @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells were quantified in the blood and the liver by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and their effect on T-cell proliferation and activation was determined. RESULTS: We found a significant increase in both the proportion and absolute numbers of @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells in the peri- @entity5 regions, but not in unaffected areas (9.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 4.6 +/- 2.8%, P = 0.011). @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells isolated from peri- @entity5 regions displayed phenotype markers characteristic of regulatory T-cells, and expressed @entity403 mRNA. @entity405 + T-cells in peri- @entity5 regions were inversely proportional to @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells in the same region (P < 0.001). Moreover, isolated @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells inhibited autologous @entity405 + T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity404 + @entity2902 + T-cells in the marginal region of @entity157 may play a critical role in controlling @entity405 + cytotoxic T-cell activity and, thereby, contribute to the progression of @entity157 .

title: Increase of @entity404 + @entity2902 + regulatory T-cells in the liver of XXXX with @entity157 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: As experience with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) expands, inevitably @entity703 with @entity8 will be subjected to LPN. We evaluated LPN in kidneys with multiple arteries and compared those outcomes with the LPN outcomes in @entity1 with conventional renal arterial anatomy. METHODS: Since September 1999, we have performed LPN for @entity5 in 333 @entity1 . From this prospectively maintained database, we identified 60 @entity1 with @entity8 and 273 @entity1 with a single renal artery to the operated kidney. All @entity1 underwent three-dimensional computed tomography preoperatively for accurate delineation of the @entity5 and renal vascular anatomy. The clinical and operative data were reviewed to assess critical outcomes. RESULTS: The baseline parameters, including @entity5 size (P = 0.87), were similar in the two groups. Intraoperatively, the method of vascular control, @entity5 parenchymal extension depth (P = 0.40), number requiring pelvicaliceal repair (P = 0.62), and specimen weight (P = 0.49) were similar between the two groups. Similarly, the warm @entity63 time (P = 0.60), operative time (P = 0.15), @entity190 (P = 0.37), and intraoperative (P = 0.52), postoperative (P = 0.48), and late complication (P = 0.64) rates were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: LPN can be efficaciously performed in the presence of multiple renal vessels. Preoperative evaluation with three-dimensional computed tomography is recommended to have preoperative knowledge of the renal vasculature and thereby minimize @entity130 .

title: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the presence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['multiple renal arteries', 'anomalous renal vasculature']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['tumor-bearing kidneys']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['multiple renal arteries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many reports about the preventative effects of inactivated @entity683 vaccine have been published, targeting @entity1 with underlying medical conditions. However, the effectiveness for severely @entity1032 @entity1 / @entity1 (SMHPs) is not yet well established. METHODS: The study group consisted of 79 SMHPs (36 males and 43 females, aged 18-66 years), with long-term hospitalization in Niigata National Hospital. We compared serum antibody responses before and after two-doses vaccination. RESULTS: Before vaccination for the 2004-2005 season, SMHPs showed continuously high HAI titer in A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-strain from March to October in 2004. The seroprotection rates were increased after the first dose, but no remarkable change was seen after the second dose in all three strains. Subjects less than 30 years old (< or = 29 group) had a high antibody titers against all three strains compared with subjects aged >40 years old. On the other hand, in the seroconversion rates, there were no significant differences in age, gender, and severity of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, SMHPs are low responders except < or = 29 group and the @entity683 vaccine effectiveness is more affected by their age than severity of symptoms. We suggest a recommendation for @entity683 vaccination especially in SMHPs; inactivated @entity683 virus vaccine (one dose) should be performed during the previous fall. In addition, further studies are needed about chemoprophylaxis, which can prevent @entity683 outbreaks in SMHPs.

title: Influenza vaccination in severely XXXX @entity1 / @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'children']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['multiply handicapped']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['multiply handicapped']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many reports about the preventative effects of inactivated @entity683 vaccine have been published, targeting @entity1 with underlying medical conditions. However, the effectiveness for severely @entity1032 @entity1 / @entity1 (SMHPs) is not yet well established. METHODS: The study group consisted of 79 SMHPs (36 males and 43 females, aged 18-66 years), with long-term hospitalization in Niigata National Hospital. We compared serum antibody responses before and after two-doses vaccination. RESULTS: Before vaccination for the 2004-2005 season, SMHPs showed continuously high HAI titer in A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-strain from March to October in 2004. The seroprotection rates were increased after the first dose, but no remarkable change was seen after the second dose in all three strains. Subjects less than 30 years old (< or = 29 group) had a high antibody titers against all three strains compared with subjects aged >40 years old. On the other hand, in the seroconversion rates, there were no significant differences in age, gender, and severity of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, SMHPs are low responders except < or = 29 group and the @entity683 vaccine effectiveness is more affected by their age than severity of symptoms. We suggest a recommendation for @entity683 vaccination especially in SMHPs; inactivated @entity683 virus vaccine (one dose) should be performed during the previous fall. In addition, further studies are needed about chemoprophylaxis, which can prevent @entity683 outbreaks in SMHPs.

title: Influenza vaccination in severely @entity1032 XXXX / @entity1 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many reports about the preventative effects of inactivated @entity683 vaccine have been published, targeting @entity1 with underlying medical conditions. However, the effectiveness for severely @entity1032 @entity1 / @entity1 (SMHPs) is not yet well established. METHODS: The study group consisted of 79 SMHPs (36 males and 43 females, aged 18-66 years), with long-term hospitalization in Niigata National Hospital. We compared serum antibody responses before and after two-doses vaccination. RESULTS: Before vaccination for the 2004-2005 season, SMHPs showed continuously high HAI titer in A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-strain from March to October in 2004. The seroprotection rates were increased after the first dose, but no remarkable change was seen after the second dose in all three strains. Subjects less than 30 years old (< or = 29 group) had a high antibody titers against all three strains compared with subjects aged >40 years old. On the other hand, in the seroconversion rates, there were no significant differences in age, gender, and severity of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, SMHPs are low responders except < or = 29 group and the @entity683 vaccine effectiveness is more affected by their age than severity of symptoms. We suggest a recommendation for @entity683 vaccination especially in SMHPs; inactivated @entity683 virus vaccine (one dose) should be performed during the previous fall. In addition, further studies are needed about chemoprophylaxis, which can prevent @entity683 outbreaks in SMHPs.

title: Influenza vaccination in severely @entity1032 @entity1 / XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induction of a profound @entity2332 for emergency preservation and resuscitation in severe @entity548 can improve survival from lethal @entity130 , but the impact of @entity2332 on @entity548 and infectious complications has not been completely determined. STUDY DESIGN: Uncontrolled @entity548 was induced in 26 @entity1707 (95 to 135 lbs) by creating an iliac artery and @entity130 , and 30 minutes later, by lacerating the descending thoracic aorta. Through a left thoracotomy approach, profound total body @entity2332 (10 degrees C) was induced (2 degrees C/min) by infusing cold organ preservation solution into the aorta. The experimental groups were: vascular @entity130 alone (group 1, n=10), vascular and @entity1049 (group 2, n=8), and vascular, colon, and @entity130 (group 3, n=8). All @entity130 were repaired during 60 minutes of low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with hemodilution and profound @entity2332 ; then the animals were slowly rewarmed (0.5 degrees C/min) back to normothermia. Survivors were monitored for 6 weeks for @entity86 , @entity51 , cognitive function (learning new skills), organ dysfunction, and septic complications. RESULTS: Six-week survival rates were 90% in group 1, 87.5% in group 2, and 75% in group 3 (p > 0.05). One animal in each group died from @entity712 during the early postoperative phase. Splenic salvage was possible in all animals, and none required complete splenectomy for @entity548 control. All surviving animals were neurologically intact, displayed normal learning capacity, and had no longterm organ dysfunction. None of the animals had @entity86 or experienced septic complications. One animal in group 3 died on the ninth postoperative day because of @entity1744 ( @entity3313 ). CONCLUSIONS: Induction of profound @entity2332 can preserve the viability of key organs during repair of lethal @entity130 . This strategy can be used even in the presence of solid organ and bowel @entity130 to improve survival, without any considerable @entity260 rates.

title: Profound hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass facilitates survival without a high complication rate in a @entity1707 model of complex vascular, splenic, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon injuries']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['increase in postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage', 'postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'vein injury', 'splenic injuries']

answer: @entity1049 :: (MESH:D003108,Disease) :: ['colon injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induction of a profound @entity2332 for emergency preservation and resuscitation in severe @entity548 can improve survival from lethal @entity130 , but the impact of @entity2332 on @entity548 and infectious complications has not been completely determined. STUDY DESIGN: Uncontrolled @entity548 was induced in 26 @entity1707 (95 to 135 lbs) by creating an iliac artery and @entity130 , and 30 minutes later, by lacerating the descending thoracic aorta. Through a left thoracotomy approach, profound total body @entity2332 (10 degrees C) was induced (2 degrees C/min) by infusing cold organ preservation solution into the aorta. The experimental groups were: vascular @entity130 alone (group 1, n=10), vascular and @entity1049 (group 2, n=8), and vascular, colon, and @entity130 (group 3, n=8). All @entity130 were repaired during 60 minutes of low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with hemodilution and profound @entity2332 ; then the animals were slowly rewarmed (0.5 degrees C/min) back to normothermia. Survivors were monitored for 6 weeks for @entity86 , @entity51 , cognitive function (learning new skills), organ dysfunction, and septic complications. RESULTS: Six-week survival rates were 90% in group 1, 87.5% in group 2, and 75% in group 3 (p > 0.05). One animal in each group died from @entity712 during the early postoperative phase. Splenic salvage was possible in all animals, and none required complete splenectomy for @entity548 control. All surviving animals were neurologically intact, displayed normal learning capacity, and had no longterm organ dysfunction. None of the animals had @entity86 or experienced septic complications. One animal in group 3 died on the ninth postoperative day because of @entity1744 ( @entity3313 ). CONCLUSIONS: Induction of profound @entity2332 can preserve the viability of key organs during repair of lethal @entity130 . This strategy can be used even in the presence of solid organ and bowel @entity130 to improve survival, without any considerable @entity260 rates.

title: Profound hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass facilitates survival without a high complication rate in a XXXX model of complex vascular, splenic, and @entity1049 .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Side-to-end @entity254 using the descending colon has been proved to be as effective as J pouch in alleviating low anterior resection syndrome. However, using the sigmoid colon, which is less compliant for reconstruction after @entity5 surgery, is common in China due to less prevalence of @entity7261 . The effectiveness of using the sigmoid colon for a side-to-end colorectal @entity254 in improving @entity29 after laparoscopic low anterior resection of @entity5 has not been investigated. This study was designed to compare the functional and surgical outcomes between the two anastomoses. METHODS: From October 2007 to December 2008, 16 @entity5 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection with short-armed (length of side limb 2-4 cm) side-to-end sigmoidorectal @entity254 at our department. The bowel functional results of these @entity1 at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively were recorded and compared with that of another 1:2 matched 30 @entity1 undergoing straight @entity254 . RESULTS: Bowel movement frequency in the side-to-end group was obviously less than that in the straight group 6 months postoperatively. @entity1 in the side-to-end group also had an improved @entity322 score, a better ability to defer defecation, and less repeated evacuation. No differences were found between two groups 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSION: The study shows that the short-armed side-to-end colorectal @entity254 using the sigmoid colon can also improve the short-term bowel function in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic low anterior resection.

title: Better functional outcome provided by short-armed sigmoid colon-rectal side-to-end XXXX after laparoscopic low anterior resection: a match-paired retrospective study from China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']