abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 caused by the @entity1082 ) is endemic in East Africa. Recent, dramatic, increases in the incidence of @entity5 in the United States and Europe are linked to the same high risk HPV genotypes responsible for @entity5 . Currently, there is extremely limited data regarding the role of HPV in @entity135 in Africa. Evidence of HPV as an etiologic agent in @entity135 in Africa would have important prevention and treatment implications. METHODS: A retrospective single institution review of oral tongue and @entity957 diagnosed between 2005 and 2013 was performed. Individual case data for 51 @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity957 ( @entity957 ) from the oropharynx (n=22) and oral tongue (n=29) were identified. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded biopsy samples were obtained and evaluated for @entity986 by immunohistochemistry and HPV genotype 16 specific oncogenes, E6 and E7, by PCR. RESULTS: All of the positive controls, but none of the oropharyngeal samples stained positively for @entity986 . Two of the oral tongue samples stained positive for @entity986 . None of the oropharyngeal or oral tongue cases demonstrated PCR products for @entity1799 E6 or E7. CONCLUSIONS: Though Mozambique has extremely high levels of HPV positive @entity5 this study demonstrates an absence of HPV positive oropharyngeal or oral @entity957 within biopsy samples from a single referral hospital in Maputo, the capital of Mozambique.

title: Investigation of the presence of HPV related oropharyngeal and oral XXXX in Mozambique.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas', 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC', 'tongue squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['tongue squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the regulation of blood supply in primary @entity2184 through @entity5689 ( @entity3895 -1)/Phosphoinositol-3 Kinase ( @entity10412 ). METHODS: The expression of @entity3895 -1 and @entity10412 was analyzed in 51 paraffin sections of metastatic (n   =   30) and non-metastastic @entity2184 (n   =   21). Two trained observers quantified @entity3895 -1 and @entity10412 immunfluorecensce expression by determining intensity of staining and percentage of positive cells. The expression was correlated with known prognostic factors. Besides angiogenesis by means of @entity6459 expression, the normal vasculature ( @entity2880 Factor expression) were evaluated semi-quantitatively. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) was analyzed by @entity2279 /PAS staining. RESULTS: All examined specimens expressed @entity3895 -1 with a mean of 90.34 % @entity3895 -1 positive cells (range, 3.23-100%). @entity3 was associated with a higher @entity3895 -1 expression. The correlation of @entity3895 -1 with well-established prognostic factors showed a significant association between @entity3895 -1 expression and largest @entity5 diameter (p   =   0.022), @entity13634 -classification (p   =   0.008), and invasion of optic nerve head (p   =   0.048). @entity10412 was expressed by all @entity2184 with a mean of 87.28% cells showing @entity10412 expression. A higher level of @entity10412 was significantly associated with larger height (p   =   0.042) and progressed TNM-stage (p   =   0.016). The percentage of @entity10412 and @entity3895 -1 positive cells were significantly associated (p   =   0.034). For @entity10412 and @entity3895 -1 expression a non-significant association with VM was shown (p   =   0.064 and p   =   0.072, respectively). No correlation of @entity10412 or @entity3895 -1 with angiogenesis or mature vasculature was seen (p   >   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3895 -1 expression may be especially up-regulated in larger @entity2184 . As it was correlated with @entity10412 expression and VM in this series of @entity2184 , @entity3895 -1 might induce the formation of VM via the @entity10412 -signalling cascade. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Analysis of XXXX and Phosphoinositol-3 Kinase expression in primary @entity2184 .

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma', 'uveal melanomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5689 :: (857,Gene) :: ['Caveolin-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the regulation of blood supply in primary @entity2184 through @entity5689 ( @entity3895 -1)/Phosphoinositol-3 Kinase ( @entity10412 ). METHODS: The expression of @entity3895 -1 and @entity10412 was analyzed in 51 paraffin sections of metastatic (n   =   30) and non-metastastic @entity2184 (n   =   21). Two trained observers quantified @entity3895 -1 and @entity10412 immunfluorecensce expression by determining intensity of staining and percentage of positive cells. The expression was correlated with known prognostic factors. Besides angiogenesis by means of @entity6459 expression, the normal vasculature ( @entity2880 Factor expression) were evaluated semi-quantitatively. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) was analyzed by @entity2279 /PAS staining. RESULTS: All examined specimens expressed @entity3895 -1 with a mean of 90.34 % @entity3895 -1 positive cells (range, 3.23-100%). @entity3 was associated with a higher @entity3895 -1 expression. The correlation of @entity3895 -1 with well-established prognostic factors showed a significant association between @entity3895 -1 expression and largest @entity5 diameter (p   =   0.022), @entity13634 -classification (p   =   0.008), and invasion of optic nerve head (p   =   0.048). @entity10412 was expressed by all @entity2184 with a mean of 87.28% cells showing @entity10412 expression. A higher level of @entity10412 was significantly associated with larger height (p   =   0.042) and progressed TNM-stage (p   =   0.016). The percentage of @entity10412 and @entity3895 -1 positive cells were significantly associated (p   =   0.034). For @entity10412 and @entity3895 -1 expression a non-significant association with VM was shown (p   =   0.064 and p   =   0.072, respectively). No correlation of @entity10412 or @entity3895 -1 with angiogenesis or mature vasculature was seen (p   >   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3895 -1 expression may be especially up-regulated in larger @entity2184 . As it was correlated with @entity10412 expression and VM in this series of @entity2184 , @entity3895 -1 might induce the formation of VM via the @entity10412 -signalling cascade. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Analysis of @entity5689 and Phosphoinositol-3 Kinase expression in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Experts recommend that @entity1 engage in 60 minutes of daily moderate to vigorous PA (PA), but few meet these goals. Exergames like "Dance Dance Revolution" (DDR) (Konami of America, Redwood City, CA) have the potential to provide PA. We sought to determine if DDR would boost PA among overweight or @entity28 @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity1 over the 85th percentile for body mass index (BMI) and between 9 and 17 years old were randomly assigned to receive DDR+pedometers (treatment group) or pedometers only (comparison group). PA levels were tracked for 12 weeks by self-report, pedometer, and accelerometer data. RESULTS: Sixty-five families completed the study. The average BMI percentile of the @entity1 was over 96 percent. Despite randomization, @entity1 in the treatment (DDR) group were more often male, older, and heavier than @entity1 in the comparison group. Self-reported frequency of moderate to vigorous PA increased significantly from baseline to 12 weeks for the treatment group and declined for the comparison group. Accelerometer results indicated a significant decline in moderate activity over time for the comparison group. However, there were no significant between-group differences based on the accelerometer or pedometer data. CONCLUSION: Based on self-report measures, DDR may have increased PA levels in @entity28 and overweight @entity1 . However, we are led to question the validity of these results because analyses based on objective measures do not confirm them. Accelerometer results indicate that although DDR did not boost PA, it may have helped to slow the decline in moderate to vigorous PA over time.

title: Comparative Effectiveness of a 12-Week Physical Activity Intervention for Overweight and XXXX : Exergaming with "Dance Dance Revolution".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant', 'Children']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obese Youth']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Milk fat globule membrane ( @entity12492 ) proteins are known to be involved in many biological functions; however, their components and inter-species complexity have not yet been completely elucidated. We investigated the protein composition of the @entity12492 -enriched fraction from Holstein, Jersey, @entity25762 , buffalo, @entity1237 , @entity20770 , @entity1641 , and @entity1 . Extracted proteins from the @entity12492 -enriched fractions were identified and quantified by an iTRAQ proteomic approach. We identified 520 protein species categorized as biological processes, cellular components and molecular function according to their annotation. Cellular process, localization, transport, signal transduction, and response to stimulus were the most common biological processes; binding and catalytic activities were the most prevalent molecular functions. Pathway analysis revealed several pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling, and @entity844 biosynthesis. Quantified @entity12492 -enriched proteins were subjected to discriminative proteomic profiling by principal component analysis and a hierarchical clustering method, and then organized into four major clusters: (1) Holstein, Jersey, and @entity25762 milk; (2) buffalo and @entity1237 milk; (3) Holstein, Jersey, buffalo, @entity25762 , and @entity1237 milk; and (4) @entity20770 , @entity1641 , and @entity1 milk. These novel quantitative data provide insight into the protein composition of the @entity12492 and their potential physiological functions, and highlight the significant differences in the @entity12492 fractions among @entity1 species. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Milk fat globule membrane ( @entity12492 ) proteins have exhibited a relatively larger diversity than other milk fractions, and implicated health beneficial effects. Proteomic analysis of @entity12492 protein was mainly focused on @entity1 , @entity291 and @entity1237 in previous studies. Recently, there is an increasing demand for natural milk from minor dairy animals. Differences in protein components were not yet elucidated that required the integration of this information across multiple species. Thus, iTRAQ analysis of the proteins in @entity12492 fractions from Holstein, Jersey, @entity25762 , buffalo, @entity1237 , @entity20770 , @entity1641 , and @entity1 was performed in this study. A total of 520 proteins were identified and quantified in the @entity12492 fractions. The results were contributed to a comprehensive overview and discriminative profiling of the @entity12492 proteome across species.

title: Proteomic characterization and comparison of XXXX milk fat globule proteomes by iTRAQ analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of the pancreas are rare and frequently malignant. Our presentation of a pancreatic NEN analyzes the diagnosis circumstances, staging, treatment, one-year evolution and disease particularities. A 39-year-old nonsmoker @entity1 was admitted in the Clinic of Pulmonology, Tirgu Mures, Romania with a @entity55 suspicion (fever, @entity158 irradiated below the diaphragm, mild @entity1353 ). The chest X-ray showed a rise of the left diaphragm. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large pancreas-related @entity5 . Computerized tomography (CT) scan with contrast confirmed a well-vascularized @entity788 , which invades spleen, collateral circulation of the @entity382 without secondary lesions and no retroperitoneal adenopathies. The @entity1 was referred to the surgery where there was performed total @entity5 resection, spleen resection, and large lymphadenectomy. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed the pancreatic NEN G2 grade, T3N1M0 and allowed accurate treatment. 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) @entity5 classification recommends further treatment-related biomarkers determination only in selected cases. Our case evolution after one year was favorable without local @entity5 relapse or @entity3 . The close survey of the @entity1 (by clinical exam, imaging and biological markers) is ongoing. The onset of asymptomatic @entity788 may have atypical respiratory symptoms. Imaging methods (ultrasound, contrast CT) are recommended in borderline symptomatology. Radical surgical resection of the @entity5 with lymphadenectomy, histopathology with immuno-histochemistry play an essential role in the correct diagnostic, grading, staging and treatment of pancreatic @entity5 . Close survey of the clinical, imagistic and biological markers is recommended.

title: Neuroendocrine XXXX - diagnosis circumstances, staging and treatment: a case report.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'NENs', 'Neuroendocrine neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['splenic vein, enlarged liver']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical presentation of common symptoms during @entity308 episodes in @entity162 ( @entity162 ) and @entity308 ( @entity308 ) poses challenges for accurate diagnosis. @entity74 may aid the development of reliable discrimination between these two clinical conditions. METHODS: For our sample of 16 @entity162 @entity1 , 19 @entity308 @entity1 and 29 healthy volunteers, we adopted vertex-wise cortical based brain imaging techniques to examine cortical thickness and surface area, two components of cortical volume with distinct genetic determinants. Based on specific characteristics of neuroanatomical features, we then used support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to discriminate between @entity1 with @entity162 and @entity308 . RESULTS: Compared to @entity308 @entity1 , @entity162 @entity1 showed significantly larger cortical surface area in the left bankssts, precuneus, precentral, inferior parietal, superior parietal and the right middle temporal gyri. In addition, larger volumes of subcortical regions were found in @entity162 @entity1 . In SVM discriminative analyses, the overall accuracy was 74.3  %, with a sensitivity of 62.5  % and a specificity of 84.2  % (p   =   0.028). Compared to controls, larger surface area in the temporo-parietal regions were observed in @entity162 @entity1 , and thinner cortices in fronto-temporal regions were observed in @entity308 @entity1 , especially in the medial orbito-frontal area. CONCLUSIONS: These findings have demonstrated distinct spatially distributed variations in cortical thickness and surface area in @entity1 with @entity162 and @entity308 , suggesting potentially varying etiological and neuropathological processes in these two conditions. The employment of multimodal classification on disorder-specific biological features has shed light to the development of potential classification tools that could aid diagnostic decisions.

title: Distinguishing bipolar and major XXXX by brain structural morphometry: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Disorder-specific neuroanatomical features']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess sexual function, @entity1316 and self esteem in @entity1 who were surgically treated for @entity5 . DESIGN: Retrospective, blind, cross sectional study. SETTING: Single tertiary @entity5 center. @entity1 : 4 @entity1 who were operated on Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine Otorhinolaryngology Department between 2008 and 2012 were classified according to the type of the operation as total laryngectomy (Group 1) and partial laryngectomy (Group 2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity250 , @entity308 and self esteem were evaluated with The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), Beck's @entity308 Inventory (BDI) and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) respectively. RESULTS: Average ASEX scores of the group 1 was (13,98    6,32) and group 2 was (13,08    4,96) without statistically significant difference (p=0,537). Mean BDI score of group 1 was (13,20    10,41) higher than group 2 (7,76    8,14) and the difference was significant statistically (p=0,026). Mean @entity2653 scores of group 1 and group 2 were 20,68    5,33 and 19,25    4,70 respectively again without significant difference (p=0,262). However, when the average scores of each item of Rosenberg Scale were compared, significant difference was found in d4 (2,37    0,78; 1,64    0,99; p=0,001), d6 (1,22    1,05; 1,84    1,14; p=0,023), d10 (2,55    2,39; 1,28    1,49; p=0,018) and d11 (1,35    0,95; 2,00    1,41; p=0,021). BDI scores were correlated with @entity2653 scores and ASEX scores were correlated with age. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 with total laryngectomy seem to have more psychological problems that must be addressed in the postoperative period. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX , self esteem and sexual function in @entity5 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['RSES', 'Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess sexual function, @entity1316 and self esteem in @entity1 who were surgically treated for @entity5 . DESIGN: Retrospective, blind, cross sectional study. SETTING: Single tertiary @entity5 center. @entity1 : 4 @entity1 who were operated on Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine Otorhinolaryngology Department between 2008 and 2012 were classified according to the type of the operation as total laryngectomy (Group 1) and partial laryngectomy (Group 2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity250 , @entity308 and self esteem were evaluated with The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), Beck's @entity308 Inventory (BDI) and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) respectively. RESULTS: Average ASEX scores of the group 1 was (13,98    6,32) and group 2 was (13,08    4,96) without statistically significant difference (p=0,537). Mean BDI score of group 1 was (13,20    10,41) higher than group 2 (7,76    8,14) and the difference was significant statistically (p=0,026). Mean @entity2653 scores of group 1 and group 2 were 20,68    5,33 and 19,25    4,70 respectively again without significant difference (p=0,262). However, when the average scores of each item of Rosenberg Scale were compared, significant difference was found in d4 (2,37    0,78; 1,64    0,99; p=0,001), d6 (1,22    1,05; 1,84    1,14; p=0,023), d10 (2,55    2,39; 1,28    1,49; p=0,018) and d11 (1,35    0,95; 2,00    1,41; p=0,021). BDI scores were correlated with @entity2653 scores and ASEX scores were correlated with age. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 with total laryngectomy seem to have more psychological problems that must be addressed in the postoperative period. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity308 , self esteem and sexual function in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess sexual function, @entity1316 and self esteem in @entity1 who were surgically treated for @entity5 . DESIGN: Retrospective, blind, cross sectional study. SETTING: Single tertiary @entity5 center. @entity1 : 4 @entity1 who were operated on Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine Otorhinolaryngology Department between 2008 and 2012 were classified according to the type of the operation as total laryngectomy (Group 1) and partial laryngectomy (Group 2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity250 , @entity308 and self esteem were evaluated with The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), Beck's @entity308 Inventory (BDI) and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) respectively. RESULTS: Average ASEX scores of the group 1 was (13,98    6,32) and group 2 was (13,08    4,96) without statistically significant difference (p=0,537). Mean BDI score of group 1 was (13,20    10,41) higher than group 2 (7,76    8,14) and the difference was significant statistically (p=0,026). Mean @entity2653 scores of group 1 and group 2 were 20,68    5,33 and 19,25    4,70 respectively again without significant difference (p=0,262). However, when the average scores of each item of Rosenberg Scale were compared, significant difference was found in d4 (2,37    0,78; 1,64    0,99; p=0,001), d6 (1,22    1,05; 1,84    1,14; p=0,023), d10 (2,55    2,39; 1,28    1,49; p=0,018) and d11 (1,35    0,95; 2,00    1,41; p=0,021). BDI scores were correlated with @entity2653 scores and ASEX scores were correlated with age. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 with total laryngectomy seem to have more psychological problems that must be addressed in the postoperative period. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity308 , self esteem and sexual function in @entity5 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to investigate the clinical outcomes based on the assessment of quantitative coronary angiography-maximal lumen diameter (Dmax). BACKGROUND: Assessment of pre-procedural Dmax of proximal and distal sites has been used for Absorb scaffold size selection in the ABSORB studies. METHODS: A total of 1,248 @entity1 received Absorb scaffolds in the ABSORB Cohort B (ABSORB Clinical Investigation, Cohort B) study (N  = 101), ABSORB EXTEND (ABSORB EXTEND Clinical Investigation) study (N  = 812), and ABSORB II (ABSORB II Randomized Controlled Trial) trial (N  = 335). The incidence of major adverse @entity299 (MACE) (a composite of @entity204 , any @entity583 [ @entity583 ], and @entity63 -driven @entity75 revascularization) was analyzed according to the Dmax subclassification of scaffold oversize group versus scaffold nonoversize group. RESULTS: Of 1,248 @entity1 , pre-procedural Dmax was assessed in 1,232 @entity1 (98.7%). In 649 (52.7%) @entity1 , both proximal and distal Dmax values were smaller than the nominal size of the implanted scaffold (scaffold oversize group), whereas in 583 (47.3%) of @entity1 , the proximal and/or distal Dmax were larger than the implanted scaffold (scaffold nonoversize group). The rates of MACE and @entity583 at 1 year were significantly higher in the scaffold oversize group than in the scaffold nonoversize group (MACE 6.6% vs. 3.3%; log-rank p  < 0.01, all @entity583 : 4.6% vs. 2.4%; log-rank p  = 0.04), mainly driven by a higher @entity583 rate within 1 month post-procedure (3.5% vs. 1.9%; p  = 0.08). The independent MACE determinants were both Dmax smaller than the scaffold nominal size (odds ratio [OR]: 2.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22 to 3.70; p  < 0.01) and the implantation of overlapping scaffolds (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.17 to 3.80; p  = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of an oversized Absorb scaffold in a relatively small vessel appears to be associated with a higher 1-year MACE rate driven by more frequent early @entity583 . (ABSORB Clinical Investigation, Cohort B [ABSORB Cohort B], NCT00856856; ABSORB EXTEND Clinical Investigation [ABSORB EXTEND], NCT01023789; ABSORB II Randomized Controlled Trial [ABSORB II], NCT01425281).

title: Relation Between Bioresorbable Scaffold Sizing Using QCA-Dmax and Clinical Outcomes at 1  Year in 1,232 XXXX From 3 Study Cohorts (ABSORB Cohort B, ABSORB EXTEND, and ABSORB II).

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: 1. Ion and water content of @entity2083 intestinal mucosa, stripped free from muscular layers were measured under various incubation conditions. 2. Ouabain induces an increase in cation content that is electrically compensated for by @entity2865 . The increase in solute content is accompanied by an increase in water content. 3. When extracellular @entity2865 is partially replaced by @entity597 , @entity7832 does induce cell shrinkage. 4. @entity519 induces a rapid increase in cell volume that is restored by oxygenation of the incubation solution. Ouabain prevents the restoration of volume. 5. It is concluded that the classical ouabain-sensitive Na/K pump participates in the maintenance of cellular volume. We suggest that the constancy in volume after ouabain poisoning as is reported for many tissues might be due to a low @entity2865 conductance of its membranes. 6. Anisotonic media (range: 0.6-1.2 isotonicity), made by variation on @entity2656 concentration, induce changes in cell water content that deviates from the simplified van't Hoff equation by about 10%. No change in water content after the initial increase was found. 7. We conclude that @entity2083 enterocytes do not possess a mechanism for rapid volume readjustment.

title: Cell volume regulation in XXXX intestinal mucosa.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphate']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['goldfish']


abstract: AIM: To retrospectively analyze factors affecting the long-term survival of @entity1 with @entity788 who underwent pancreatic resection. METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2011, 195 @entity1 underwent pancreatic resection in our hospital. The prognostic factors after pancreatic resection were analyzed in all 195 @entity1 . After excluding the censored cases within an observational period, the clinicopathological characteristics of 20 @entity1 who survived >=  5 (n = 20) and < 5 (n = 76) years were compared. For this comparison, we analyzed the @entity1 who underwent surgery before June 2008 and were observed for more than 5 years. For statistical analyses, the log-rank test was used to compare the cumulative survival rates, and the    (2) and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the two groups. The Cox-Hazard model was used for a multivariate analysis, and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. A multivariate analysis was conducted on the factors that were significant in the univariate analysis. RESULTS: The median survival for all @entity1 was 27.1 months, and the 5-year actuarial survival rate was 34.5%. The median observational period was 595 d. With the univariate analysis, the UICC stage was significantly associated with survival time, and the CA19-9  <= 200 U/mL, DUPAN-2  <= 180 U/mL, @entity5 size  <= 20 mm, R0 resection, absence of lymph node @entity3 , absence of extrapancreatic @entity3 , and absence of portal invasion were favorable prognostic factors. The multivariate analysis showed that @entity5 size  <= 20 mm (HR = 0.40; 95%CI: 0.17-0.83, P = 0.012) and negative surgical margins (R0 resection) (HR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.30-0.77, P = 0.003) were independent favorable prognostic factors. Among the 96 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 survived for 5 years or more, and 76 @entity1 died within 5 years after operation. Comparison of the 20 5-year survivors with the 76 non-survivors showed that lower concentrations of DUPAN-2 (79.5 vs 312.5 U/mL, P = 0.032), @entity5 size  <= 20 mm (35% vs 8%, P = 0.008), R0 resection (95% vs 61%, P = 0.004), and absence of lymph node @entity3 (60% vs 18%, P = 0.036) were significantly associated with the 5-year survival. CONCLUSION: Negative surgical margins and a @entity5 size  <= 20 mm were independent favorable prognostic factors. Histologically curative resection and early @entity5 detection are important factors in achieving long-term survival.

title: Long-term survival after resection of XXXX : a single-center retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'neural invasion']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: AIM: To elucidate the association between @entity29 ( @entity29 ) and positive @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) in @entity1 with obscure @entity360 (OGIB). METHODS: Between February 2008 and August 2013, 202 @entity1 with OGIB who performed both capsule endoscopy (CE) and @entity1503 were enrolled (mean age; 63.6    14.0 years, 118 males, 96 previous overt @entity548 , 106 with @entity548 ). All @entity1 underwent immunochemical FOBTs twice prior to CE. Three experienced endoscopists independently reviewed CE videos. All reviews and consensus meeting were conducted without any information on @entity1503 results. The prevalence of @entity29 was compared between @entity1 with positive and negative @entity1503 . RESULTS: CE revealed @entity29 in 72 @entity1 (36%). @entity1503 was positive in 100 @entity1 (50%) and negative in 102 (50%). The prevalence of @entity29 was significantly higher in @entity1 with positive @entity1503 than those with negative @entity1503 (46% vs 25%, P = 0.002). In particular, among @entity1 with occult OGIB, the prevalence of @entity29 was higher in positive @entity1503 group than negative @entity1503 group (45% vs 18%, P = 0.002). On the other hand, among @entity1 with previous overt OGIB, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of @entity29 between positive and negative @entity1503 group (47% vs 33%, P = 0.18). In disease specific analysis among @entity1 with occult OGIB, the prevalence of @entity1066 and @entity5 were higher in positive @entity1503 group than negative @entity1503 group. In multivariate analysis, only positive @entity1503 was a predictive factors of @entity29 in @entity1 with OGIB (OR = 2.5, 95%CI: 1.4-4.6, P = 0.003). Furthermore, the trend was evident among @entity1 with occult OGIB who underwent @entity1503 on the same day or a day before CE. The prevalence of @entity29 in positive vs negative @entity1503 group were 54% vs 13% in @entity1 with occult OGIB who underwent @entity1503 on the same day or the day before CE (P = 0.001), while there was no significant difference between positive and negative @entity1503 group in those who underwent @entity1503 two or more days before CE (43% vs 25%, P = 0.20). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that positive @entity1503 may be useful for predicting @entity29 in @entity1 with occult OGIB. Positive @entity1503 indicates higher likelihood of @entity1066 or @entity5 in @entity1 with occult OGIB. Undergoing CE within a day after @entity1503 achieved a higher diagnostic yield for @entity1 with occult OGIB.

title: Impact of fecal occult blood on obscure XXXX : observational study.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['occult bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel diseases', 'SBDs']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['FOBT', 'fecal occult blood test']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress appears to be one of the main causes of @entity296 following @entity741 /reperfusion (MI/R). The @entity21206 ( @entity21206 ) pathway is the main pathway through which apoptosis is induced during ER stress. @entity21205 ( @entity21205 ) is an important protein involved in the @entity21206 pathway. The present study investigated the hypothesis that MI/R activates the @entity21206 pathway through signaling via a pathway involving PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), a-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 ( @entity46138 ) and @entity24783 ( @entity24783 ). Immunohistochemical staining of the heart tissues from spontaneously hypersensitive @entity35 indicated that MI/R injury increases @entity21206 and GPR78 protein expression levels. To further analyze the mechanism by which MI/R injury induces apoptosis by ER stress, the expression levels of five marker proteins involved in the hypothetical PERK- @entity46138 - @entity24783 pathway were detected, namely PERK, phosphorylated PERK (P-PERK), @entity46138 , phosphorylated @entity46138 (P- @entity46138 ) and @entity24783 . An increase in the collective expression levels of these proteins would indicate that apoptosis was induced by this signaling pathway. In addition, the study also explored whether @entity101 affects the signaling pathway of MI/R-induced @entity296 by treating spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) with captopril (an effective drug used to treat @entity101 ). @entity35 treated with captopril experienced a reduction in blood pressure to normal levels, but no marked differences in the expression levels of the tested proteins or in MI/R injury severity compared with those in untreated @entity35 . These results suggest that MI/R activates the @entity21206 pathway during ER stress by activating the PERK- @entity46138 - @entity24783 pathway and that @entity101 does not affect this signaling pathway.

title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress response in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 is affected by @entity741 reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity21206 :: ('29467(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CHOP', 'C/EBP homologous protein']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis', 'myocardial apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity24783 :: ('81647(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ATF2', 'activating transcription factor 2']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress appears to be one of the main causes of @entity296 following @entity741 /reperfusion (MI/R). The @entity21206 ( @entity21206 ) pathway is the main pathway through which apoptosis is induced during ER stress. @entity21205 ( @entity21205 ) is an important protein involved in the @entity21206 pathway. The present study investigated the hypothesis that MI/R activates the @entity21206 pathway through signaling via a pathway involving PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), a-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 ( @entity46138 ) and @entity24783 ( @entity24783 ). Immunohistochemical staining of the heart tissues from spontaneously hypersensitive @entity35 indicated that MI/R injury increases @entity21206 and GPR78 protein expression levels. To further analyze the mechanism by which MI/R injury induces apoptosis by ER stress, the expression levels of five marker proteins involved in the hypothetical PERK- @entity46138 - @entity24783 pathway were detected, namely PERK, phosphorylated PERK (P-PERK), @entity46138 , phosphorylated @entity46138 (P- @entity46138 ) and @entity24783 . An increase in the collective expression levels of these proteins would indicate that apoptosis was induced by this signaling pathway. In addition, the study also explored whether @entity101 affects the signaling pathway of MI/R-induced @entity296 by treating spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) with captopril (an effective drug used to treat @entity101 ). @entity35 treated with captopril experienced a reduction in blood pressure to normal levels, but no marked differences in the expression levels of the tested proteins or in MI/R injury severity compared with those in untreated @entity35 . These results suggest that MI/R activates the @entity21206 pathway during ER stress by activating the PERK- @entity46138 - @entity24783 pathway and that @entity101 does not affect this signaling pathway.

title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress response in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 is affected by XXXX reperfusion injury.

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress appears to be one of the main causes of @entity296 following @entity741 /reperfusion (MI/R). The @entity21206 ( @entity21206 ) pathway is the main pathway through which apoptosis is induced during ER stress. @entity21205 ( @entity21205 ) is an important protein involved in the @entity21206 pathway. The present study investigated the hypothesis that MI/R activates the @entity21206 pathway through signaling via a pathway involving PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), a-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 ( @entity46138 ) and @entity24783 ( @entity24783 ). Immunohistochemical staining of the heart tissues from spontaneously hypersensitive @entity35 indicated that MI/R injury increases @entity21206 and GPR78 protein expression levels. To further analyze the mechanism by which MI/R injury induces apoptosis by ER stress, the expression levels of five marker proteins involved in the hypothetical PERK- @entity46138 - @entity24783 pathway were detected, namely PERK, phosphorylated PERK (P-PERK), @entity46138 , phosphorylated @entity46138 (P- @entity46138 ) and @entity24783 . An increase in the collective expression levels of these proteins would indicate that apoptosis was induced by this signaling pathway. In addition, the study also explored whether @entity101 affects the signaling pathway of MI/R-induced @entity296 by treating spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) with captopril (an effective drug used to treat @entity101 ). @entity35 treated with captopril experienced a reduction in blood pressure to normal levels, but no marked differences in the expression levels of the tested proteins or in MI/R injury severity compared with those in untreated @entity35 . These results suggest that MI/R activates the @entity21206 pathway during ER stress by activating the PERK- @entity46138 - @entity24783 pathway and that @entity101 does not affect this signaling pathway.

title: Endoplasmic reticulum stress response in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX is affected by @entity741 reperfusion injury.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The incidental finding of @entity1820 (SETs) is increasing with national @entity5 screening endoscopy. In a Swedish population, screening endoscopy found a prevalence of SETs of 0.36%. However, the prevalence of gastric SETs in Korean @entity1 has not been described. Therefore, this study evaluated the prevalence of SETs of the stomach in a Korean @entity1 population. METHODS: We reviewed endoscopic reports of 11,712 subjects who underwent screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) at Hanyang University Hospital between July 2012 and June 2013. RESULTS: Among 11,712 @entity1 , 194 (1.7%) had SET of the stomach. Of these, 71 (prevalence, 0.6%) were male and 123 (prevalence, 1.1%) were female. When grouped by age, the prevalence of SET was as follows: 1.0% for @entity1 in their twenties, 6.2% for those in their thirties, 19.1% for those in their forties, 33.0% for those in their fifties, 30.4% for those in their sixties, and 10.3% for those over 70 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of gastric SET among healthy examinees was 1.7%. The prevalence of gastric SET increased with age and was higher in female.

title: Prevalence of Gastric XXXX in Korea: A Single Center Experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal subepithelial tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Subepithelial Tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The underlying pathophysiology of @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) remains unclear. It was recently attributed to a direct cytotoxic effect of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) in the thalamus. Conventional MRI of @entity1 with Stx2-caused @entity1381 revealed - despite severe @entity16 - only mild alterations if any, mostly in the thalamus. Against this background, we questioned: Does @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) capture the thalamic damage better than conventional MRI? Are @entity16 and disease course better reflected by thalamic alterations as detected by @entity2996 ? Are other brain regions also affected? METHODS: Three @entity1 with serious @entity51 due to Stx2-associated @entity1381 were admitted to MRI/ @entity2996 at disease onset. Two of them were longitudinally examined. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity were computed to assess Stx2-caused @entity16 . RESULTS: Compared to 90 healthy @entity1 , all three @entity1 had significantly reduced thalamic FA. Thalamic mean diffusivity was only reduced in two @entity1 . @entity2996 of the longitudinally examined @entity1 demonstrated slow normalization of thalamic FA, which was paralleled by clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: Whereas conventional MRI only shows slight alterations based on subjective evaluation, @entity2996 permits quantitative, objective, and longitudinal assessment of cytotoxic @entity75 in individual @entity1 .

title: Recovery of thalamic XXXX after Shiga toxin 2-associated @entity1381 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['microstructural damage', 'neurological complications', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['diffusion tensor imaging', 'DTI']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic-uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['microstructural damage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The underlying pathophysiology of @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) remains unclear. It was recently attributed to a direct cytotoxic effect of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) in the thalamus. Conventional MRI of @entity1 with Stx2-caused @entity1381 revealed - despite severe @entity16 - only mild alterations if any, mostly in the thalamus. Against this background, we questioned: Does @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) capture the thalamic damage better than conventional MRI? Are @entity16 and disease course better reflected by thalamic alterations as detected by @entity2996 ? Are other brain regions also affected? METHODS: Three @entity1 with serious @entity51 due to Stx2-associated @entity1381 were admitted to MRI/ @entity2996 at disease onset. Two of them were longitudinally examined. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity were computed to assess Stx2-caused @entity16 . RESULTS: Compared to 90 healthy @entity1 , all three @entity1 had significantly reduced thalamic FA. Thalamic mean diffusivity was only reduced in two @entity1 . @entity2996 of the longitudinally examined @entity1 demonstrated slow normalization of thalamic FA, which was paralleled by clinical improvement. CONCLUSION: Whereas conventional MRI only shows slight alterations based on subjective evaluation, @entity2996 permits quantitative, objective, and longitudinal assessment of cytotoxic @entity75 in individual @entity1 .

title: Recovery of thalamic @entity16 after Shiga toxin 2-associated XXXX .

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['hemolytic-uremic syndrome']


abstract: Angiogenesis is important processes for @entity5 growth and @entity3 . Anti-angiogenesis target therapy has recently been known to be new anti- @entity5 therapeutic strategies. Natural products such as traditional medicine comprise a major source of angiogenesis inhibitors. Artemisia lavandulaefolia has been known to use in the traditional medical practices. However, its molecular mechanism on the @entity5 protection and therapy was not clearly elucidated. In this study, we investigated the possibility that extract of A. lavandulaefolia inhibits in vitro angiogenesis. Therefore, we examined the effect of extract of A. lavandulaefolia on the vascular network formation of @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that the treatment of A. lavandulaefolia extract suppressed the tube formation of HUVECs without any influence on the viability of HUVECs. In addition, extract of A. lavandulaefolia inhibited the migration and invasion of HUVECs. These results suggest that extract of A. lavandulaefolia could be act for an angiogenic inhibitor.

title: Extract of Artemisia lavandulaefolia Inhibits In Vitro Angiogenesis in XXXX Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity547 repair with mesh can be successful, prophylactic mesh augmentation (PMA) represents a potentially useful preventative technique to mitigate incisional @entity547 risk in select high-risk @entity1 . The efficacy, cost-benefit, and societal value of such an intervention are not known. The aim of this study was to determine the cost-utility of using prophylactic mesh to augment @entity4438 . METHODS: A decision tree model was employed to evaluate the cost-utility of using PMA relative to @entity2747 ( @entity2747 ) after elective laparotomy. The authors adopted the societal perspective for cost and utility estimates. A systematic review of the literature on PMA was performed. The costs in this study included direct hospital costs and indirect costs to society, and utilities were obtained through a survey of 300 English-speaking members of the general public evaluating 14 health state scenarios relating to @entity4037 . RESULTS: @entity2747 without mesh demonstrated an expected average cost of  17,182 (average quality-adjusted life-year [QALY] of 21.17) compared with  15,450 (expected QALY was 21.21) for PMA. @entity2747 was associated with an incremental cost-efficacy ratio (ICER) of - 42,444/QALY compared with PMA such that PMA was more effective and less costly. Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis was performed demonstrating more simulations resulting in ICERs for @entity2747 above the willingness-to-pay threshold of  50,000/QALY, supporting the finding that PMA is superior. CONCLUSION: Cost-utility analysis of @entity2747 compared to PMA for abdominal laparotomy closure demonstrates PMA to be more effective, less costly, and overall more cost-effective than @entity2747 .

title: Cost-utility analysis of the use of  prophylactic mesh augmentation compared with primary fascial suture repair in @entity1 at high risk for  incisional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial incisions']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['primary suture closure', 'PSC']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity547 repair with mesh can be successful, prophylactic mesh augmentation (PMA) represents a potentially useful preventative technique to mitigate incisional @entity547 risk in select high-risk @entity1 . The efficacy, cost-benefit, and societal value of such an intervention are not known. The aim of this study was to determine the cost-utility of using prophylactic mesh to augment @entity4438 . METHODS: A decision tree model was employed to evaluate the cost-utility of using PMA relative to @entity2747 ( @entity2747 ) after elective laparotomy. The authors adopted the societal perspective for cost and utility estimates. A systematic review of the literature on PMA was performed. The costs in this study included direct hospital costs and indirect costs to society, and utilities were obtained through a survey of 300 English-speaking members of the general public evaluating 14 health state scenarios relating to @entity4037 . RESULTS: @entity2747 without mesh demonstrated an expected average cost of  17,182 (average quality-adjusted life-year [QALY] of 21.17) compared with  15,450 (expected QALY was 21.21) for PMA. @entity2747 was associated with an incremental cost-efficacy ratio (ICER) of - 42,444/QALY compared with PMA such that PMA was more effective and less costly. Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis was performed demonstrating more simulations resulting in ICERs for @entity2747 above the willingness-to-pay threshold of  50,000/QALY, supporting the finding that PMA is superior. CONCLUSION: Cost-utility analysis of @entity2747 compared to PMA for abdominal laparotomy closure demonstrates PMA to be more effective, less costly, and overall more cost-effective than @entity2747 .

title: Cost-utility analysis of the use of  prophylactic mesh augmentation compared with primary fascial suture repair in XXXX at high risk for  incisional @entity547 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although recent reports indicated that produce contamination with foodborne pathogens is widespread in Nigeria, the sources and magnitude of microbial contamination of fruits and vegetables on farms and in markets have not been thoroughly identified. To ascertain possible pathways of contamination, the frequency and magnitude of coliform and @entity526 contamination of tomatoes produced in northwest Nigeria was assessed on farms and in markets. Eight hundred twenty-six @entity523 fruit samples and 36 irrigation water samples were collected and assessed for fecal indicator organisms. In addition, the awareness and use of food safety practices by @entity523 farmers and marketers were determined. Median concentration of coliforms on all field- and market-sourced @entity523 fruit samples, as well as in irrigation water sources, in Kaduna, Kano, and Katsina states exceeded 1,000 @entity25736 ( @entity25736 ) per g. Median @entity526 counts from 73 (17%) of 420 field samples and 231 (57%) of 406 market @entity523 fruit samples exceeded 100 @entity25736 /g. Median @entity526 concentrations on @entity523 fruits were higher (P < 0.01) in the rainy season (2.45 Log @entity25736 /g), when irrigation was not practiced than in the dry (1.10 Log @entity25736 /g) and early dry (0.92 Log @entity25736 /g) seasons. Eighteen (50%) of 36 irrigation water samples had @entity526 counts higher than 126 @entity25736 /100 ml. Median @entity526 contamination on market @entity523 fruit samples (2.66 Log @entity25736 /g) were higher (P < 0.001) than those from tomatoes collected on farms (0.92 Log @entity25736 /g). Farmers and marketers were generally unaware of the relationship between food safety practices and microbial contamination on fresh produce. Good agricultural practices pertaining to food safety on farms and in local markets were seldom used. Adoption of food safety practices on-farm, during transport, and during marketing could improve the microbial quality of tomatoes available to the public in this region of the world.

title: Contamination of Tomatoes with Coliforms and XXXX on Farms and in Markets of Northwest Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity25736 :: ('MESH:C536741', 'Disease') :: ['most probable number', 'MPN']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The recurrence rate following the treatment of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) by primary surgery is about 10%-26%. The earliest possible diagnosis of @entity5 , recurrence of @entity5 , and subsequent @entity3 is essential for an improvement of the overall survival and of the survival period for affected @entity1 . No international consensus exists for a post-therapeutic surveillance schedule for OSCCs. Based on a review of the literature, existing guidelines, and our institutional experience, we have established an algorithm for the follow-up of these @entity1 regarding the timing and techniques of postoperative imaging. We recommend a follow-up interval of 6 weeks during the first half-year after discharge from hospital by single clinical and alternating clinical check-ups combined with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), followed by an interval of 3 months in the second half-year, with clinical and radiological check-ups. In year 2, we recommend a follow-up interval of 3 months with single clinical and alternating clinical check-ups combined with CT or MRI. In year 3, we recommend screening every 6 months, both  clinically and via imaging, because of the decreased risk of recurrence. From year 5 onwards, our recommendation is a clinical and imaging-based examination every 6-12 months, depending on @entity1 risk factors and disease progression. Four standard imaging techniques, namely positron emission tomography (PET), CT, MRI, and ultrasound (US), are discussed concerning their range of application, sensitivity, and specificity. Furthermore, the technical aspects of our institutional protocols are described in detail. In highly frequented @entity135 centres, PET and US are of secondary importance, since CT and MRI are nowadays highly efficient tools in primary diagnostic and post-therapeutic surveillance.

title: Loco-regional recurrence after surgical treatment of XXXX : Proposals for follow-up imaging based on literature, national guidelines and institutional experience.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'local tumour disease']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the prevalence of @entity158 and foot @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) and to examine its impact on health and function. METHODS: @entity1 from the Progression subcohort (n   =   1,255, ages 45-79 years) of the @entity571 Initiative with symptomatic tibiofemoral knee @entity571 were included. Prevalence of @entity158 , defined as @entity158 in the foot/ankle, and foot @entity158 were determined. Health status was evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index, the Short Form-12 Health Survey, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Function was assessed using the 20-meter @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ) and a repeated chair stand test. Differences in health and functional measures were compared between groups with and without @entity158 using multivariate analysis of covariance. RESULTS: One-fourth (n   =   317 [25%]) of @entity1 with knee @entity571 experienced concurrent @entity158 , with the majority (n   =   174 [55%]) reporting @entity158 in both feet. After adjusting for covariates, @entity1 with @entity158 scored worse on all health measures and on the 20-meter @entity4464 , compared to those without (P   <   0.05). Differences in health and function were found between the bilateral and ipsilateral @entity158 groups compared to those without @entity158 (P   <   0.05), but no differences were found with the contralateral group. CONCLUSION: Foot @entity158 is common in @entity1 with knee @entity571 , and bilateral and ipsilateral @entity158 adversely affect health and function, suggesting laterality is important. Further research is needed to establish the mechanism and interaction of pathology at these sites and to evaluate @entity158 treatment in this population.

title: Impact of Concurrent Foot Pain on Health and Functional Status in @entity1 with Knee XXXX : Data From the @entity571 Initiative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['foot pain', 'pain', 'pain laterality']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the prevalence of @entity158 and foot @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) and to examine its impact on health and function. METHODS: @entity1 from the Progression subcohort (n   =   1,255, ages 45-79 years) of the @entity571 Initiative with symptomatic tibiofemoral knee @entity571 were included. Prevalence of @entity158 , defined as @entity158 in the foot/ankle, and foot @entity158 were determined. Health status was evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index, the Short Form-12 Health Survey, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Function was assessed using the 20-meter @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ) and a repeated chair stand test. Differences in health and functional measures were compared between groups with and without @entity158 using multivariate analysis of covariance. RESULTS: One-fourth (n   =   317 [25%]) of @entity1 with knee @entity571 experienced concurrent @entity158 , with the majority (n   =   174 [55%]) reporting @entity158 in both feet. After adjusting for covariates, @entity1 with @entity158 scored worse on all health measures and on the 20-meter @entity4464 , compared to those without (P   <   0.05). Differences in health and function were found between the bilateral and ipsilateral @entity158 groups compared to those without @entity158 (P   <   0.05), but no differences were found with the contralateral group. CONCLUSION: Foot @entity158 is common in @entity1 with knee @entity571 , and bilateral and ipsilateral @entity158 adversely affect health and function, suggesting laterality is important. Further research is needed to establish the mechanism and interaction of pathology at these sites and to evaluate @entity158 treatment in this population.

title: Impact of Concurrent Foot Pain on Health and Functional Status in @entity1 with Knee @entity571 : Data From the XXXX Initiative.

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the prevalence of @entity158 and foot @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) and to examine its impact on health and function. METHODS: @entity1 from the Progression subcohort (n   =   1,255, ages 45-79 years) of the @entity571 Initiative with symptomatic tibiofemoral knee @entity571 were included. Prevalence of @entity158 , defined as @entity158 in the foot/ankle, and foot @entity158 were determined. Health status was evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index, the Short Form-12 Health Survey, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Function was assessed using the 20-meter @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ) and a repeated chair stand test. Differences in health and functional measures were compared between groups with and without @entity158 using multivariate analysis of covariance. RESULTS: One-fourth (n   =   317 [25%]) of @entity1 with knee @entity571 experienced concurrent @entity158 , with the majority (n   =   174 [55%]) reporting @entity158 in both feet. After adjusting for covariates, @entity1 with @entity158 scored worse on all health measures and on the 20-meter @entity4464 , compared to those without (P   <   0.05). Differences in health and function were found between the bilateral and ipsilateral @entity158 groups compared to those without @entity158 (P   <   0.05), but no differences were found with the contralateral group. CONCLUSION: Foot @entity158 is common in @entity1 with knee @entity571 , and bilateral and ipsilateral @entity158 adversely affect health and function, suggesting laterality is important. Further research is needed to establish the mechanism and interaction of pathology at these sites and to evaluate @entity158 treatment in this population.

title: Impact of Concurrent Foot Pain on Health and Functional Status in XXXX with Knee @entity571 : Data From the @entity571 Initiative.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report clinical features and treatment outcomes of @entity6725 ( @entity6725 ). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. @entity1 : There were 32 @entity5 in 31 eyes of 30 @entity1 with @entity6725 . METHODS: Review of medical records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tumor control, intraocular pressure (IOP), and visual acuity. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age at presentation was 51 months (median, 15 months; range, 1-443 months). Eye redness (12/30, 40%) and @entity5891 (4/30, 13%) were the most common presenting symptoms. @entity6725 was concurrently present in 3 @entity1 (3/30, 10%), and spinal @entity6725 was present in 1 @entity1 (1/30, 3%). The ocular tissue affected by @entity6725 included the @entity1539 (21/31, 68%), conjunctiva (6/31, 19%), eyelid (2/31, 6%), choroid (2/31, 6%), and orbit (1/31, 3%). Those with @entity1539 @entity6725 presented at a median age of 13 months compared with 30 months for those with conjunctival @entity6725 . In the @entity1539 @entity6725 group, mean IOP was 19 mmHg (median, 18 mmHg; range, 11-30 mmHg) and @entity5891 was noted in 8 eyes (8/21, 38%). The @entity10633 was nodular (16/21, 76%) or diffuse (5/21, 24%). Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was used in 10 cases and confirmed @entity6725 cytologically in all cases. The @entity1539 lesion was treated with topical (18/21, 86%) and/or periocular (4/21, 19%) corticosteroids. The eyelid, conjunctiva, and orbital @entity6725 were treated with excisional biopsy in 5 @entity1 (5/9, 56%), topical corticosteroids in 2 @entity1 (2/9, 22%), and observation in 2 @entity1 (2/9, 22%). Of 28 @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 15 months (median, 6 months; range, 1-68 months), @entity5 regression was achieved in all cases, without recurrence. Two @entity1 were lost to follow-up. Upon follow-up of the @entity1539 @entity6725 group, visual acuity was stable or improved (18/19 @entity1 , 95%) and IOP was controlled long-term without medication (14/21 @entity1 , 74%). No eyes were managed with enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular @entity6725 preferentially affects the @entity1539 and is often isolated without cutaneous involvement. Iris @entity6725 responds to topical or periocular corticosteroids, often with stabilization or improvement of vision and IOP.

title: Juvenile Xanthogranuloma Involving the Eye and Ocular Adnexa: Tumor Control, Visual Outcomes, and Globe Salvage in 30  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6725 :: ('MESH:D014972', 'Disease') :: ['ocular juvenile xanthogranuloma', 'JXG', 'Cutaneous JXG', 'ocular JXG']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 are at risk for @entity1162 following attendance at colposcopy for cervical abnormalities, with potentially negative consequences. Little is presently known about the correlates of post-colposcopy distress. The present study aimed to extend knowledge of correlates of post-colposcopy @entity148 and negative affect, and identify @entity1 at risk for elevated @entity458 . METHODS: Psychosocial data (demographic variables, @entity148 , negative affect, and @entity158 ) were collected using validated questionnaires from 164 @entity1 attending colposcopy for the first time immediately prior to their colposcopy examination and immediately following it. Two separate logistic regressions were conducted to identify key factors that may be useful targets for preventing post-colposcopy distress and to determine which factors exert the biggest influence and therefore may be targeted in future intervention studies. RESULTS: Pre-colposcopy state @entity148 , @entity158 experienced during colposcopy, and trait @entity148 emerged as independent predictors of post-colposcopy state @entity148 , accounting for 36% of the variance. Pre-colposcopy negative affect, @entity158 experienced during colposcopy, trait @entity148 , and referral smear grade were independent predictors of post-colposcopy negative affect, explaining 32% of variance. CONCLUSIONS: Whether or not @entity1 underwent punch biopsy or treatment did not influence post-colposcopy distress levels; however, @entity158 experienced during colposcopy remains a risk for continued @entity458 . Trait @entity148 may be an important variable to consider in future studies, as @entity1 high in trait @entity148 may represent a particularly vulnerable subgroup of @entity1 referred for colposcopy, at greater risk for negative psychosocial consequences associated with colposcopy, and to be targeted for interventions to reduce @entity458 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Correlates of XXXX immediately following colposcopy.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged psychological distress']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9338 ( @entity9338 ) is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disease. @entity18297 is one of the most extensively studied Wnt proteins, and has important functions in stimulating @entity32 , cell proliferation, cell fate determination and cell differentiation. @entity18297 expression in @entity9338 has not been comprehensively studied to date. AIM: To determine the expression and distribution of @entity18297 in @entity9338 . METHODS: Skin samples were obtained from @entity1 with @entity9338 and healthy controls (HCs). The @entity18297 gene was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and @entity18297 protein by immunohistochemical analysis and western blotting. RESULTS: @entity18297 mRNA was upregulated in @entity9338 samples compared with the HC skin samples (P  <  0.001). @entity18297 protein was overexpressed in all layers of the epidermis and dermis in @entity9338 compared with HC skin (all P  <  0.001). These results were confirmed by western blotting. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented in this study suggest that @entity18297 pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity9338 .

title: XXXX is involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous lichen planus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9338 :: ('MESH:D008010', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'Cutaneous lichen planus', 'CLP lesions']

answer: @entity18297 :: (7474,Gene) :: ['Wnt5a']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of @entity12698 on the expression of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) and @entity519 -inducible transcription factor 1a ( @entity1965 ) in a @entity19 model for @entity26 -induced @entity989 (OIR). The OIR @entity19 were exposed to 75% @entity26 from postnatal day 7 (P7) to @entity15050 , after which the @entity19 were randomly assigned to two groups ( @entity12698 and vehicle) and were brought to room air for additional five days. @entity12698 or vehicle was administered from @entity15050 to @entity14802 . Age-matched @entity19 maintained in room air from birth to @entity14802 were administered vehicle from @entity15050 to @entity14802 (RA group). Blood vessel profiles in the retina were used to count by histologic methods. Retina protein and mRNA of @entity1611 and @entity1965 were assessed by immunohistochemistry, western-blot and RT-PCR. Compared with the RA group, the OIR @entity19 exhibited over-expression in @entity1611 and @entity1965 mRNA and protein. In addition, they had a positive and spatial correlation. @entity12698 - treated OIR @entity19 reduced the @entity2479 and the levels of @entity1611 and @entity1965 . These data suggest that @entity12698 inhibits retinal pathogenic angiogenesis through down-regulating @entity1965 expression which suppressing @entity1611 transcription. @entity12698 could potentially serve as a portent pharmaceutical agent to inhibit retinal angiogenesis.

title: XXXX attenuates retinal angiogenesis in a @entity19 model of @entity26 -induced @entity989 .

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascular tufts']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['Celecoxib']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of @entity12698 on the expression of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) and @entity519 -inducible transcription factor 1a ( @entity1965 ) in a @entity19 model for @entity26 -induced @entity989 (OIR). The OIR @entity19 were exposed to 75% @entity26 from postnatal day 7 (P7) to @entity15050 , after which the @entity19 were randomly assigned to two groups ( @entity12698 and vehicle) and were brought to room air for additional five days. @entity12698 or vehicle was administered from @entity15050 to @entity14802 . Age-matched @entity19 maintained in room air from birth to @entity14802 were administered vehicle from @entity15050 to @entity14802 (RA group). Blood vessel profiles in the retina were used to count by histologic methods. Retina protein and mRNA of @entity1611 and @entity1965 were assessed by immunohistochemistry, western-blot and RT-PCR. Compared with the RA group, the OIR @entity19 exhibited over-expression in @entity1611 and @entity1965 mRNA and protein. In addition, they had a positive and spatial correlation. @entity12698 - treated OIR @entity19 reduced the @entity2479 and the levels of @entity1611 and @entity1965 . These data suggest that @entity12698 inhibits retinal pathogenic angiogenesis through down-regulating @entity1965 expression which suppressing @entity1611 transcription. @entity12698 could potentially serve as a portent pharmaceutical agent to inhibit retinal angiogenesis.

title: @entity12698 attenuates retinal angiogenesis in a @entity19 model of XXXX -induced @entity989 .

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of @entity12698 on the expression of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) and @entity519 -inducible transcription factor 1a ( @entity1965 ) in a @entity19 model for @entity26 -induced @entity989 (OIR). The OIR @entity19 were exposed to 75% @entity26 from postnatal day 7 (P7) to @entity15050 , after which the @entity19 were randomly assigned to two groups ( @entity12698 and vehicle) and were brought to room air for additional five days. @entity12698 or vehicle was administered from @entity15050 to @entity14802 . Age-matched @entity19 maintained in room air from birth to @entity14802 were administered vehicle from @entity15050 to @entity14802 (RA group). Blood vessel profiles in the retina were used to count by histologic methods. Retina protein and mRNA of @entity1611 and @entity1965 were assessed by immunohistochemistry, western-blot and RT-PCR. Compared with the RA group, the OIR @entity19 exhibited over-expression in @entity1611 and @entity1965 mRNA and protein. In addition, they had a positive and spatial correlation. @entity12698 - treated OIR @entity19 reduced the @entity2479 and the levels of @entity1611 and @entity1965 . These data suggest that @entity12698 inhibits retinal pathogenic angiogenesis through down-regulating @entity1965 expression which suppressing @entity1611 transcription. @entity12698 could potentially serve as a portent pharmaceutical agent to inhibit retinal angiogenesis.

title: @entity12698 attenuates retinal angiogenesis in a @entity19 model of @entity26 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of @entity12698 on the expression of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) and @entity519 -inducible transcription factor 1a ( @entity1965 ) in a @entity19 model for @entity26 -induced @entity989 (OIR). The OIR @entity19 were exposed to 75% @entity26 from postnatal day 7 (P7) to @entity15050 , after which the @entity19 were randomly assigned to two groups ( @entity12698 and vehicle) and were brought to room air for additional five days. @entity12698 or vehicle was administered from @entity15050 to @entity14802 . Age-matched @entity19 maintained in room air from birth to @entity14802 were administered vehicle from @entity15050 to @entity14802 (RA group). Blood vessel profiles in the retina were used to count by histologic methods. Retina protein and mRNA of @entity1611 and @entity1965 were assessed by immunohistochemistry, western-blot and RT-PCR. Compared with the RA group, the OIR @entity19 exhibited over-expression in @entity1611 and @entity1965 mRNA and protein. In addition, they had a positive and spatial correlation. @entity12698 - treated OIR @entity19 reduced the @entity2479 and the levels of @entity1611 and @entity1965 . These data suggest that @entity12698 inhibits retinal pathogenic angiogenesis through down-regulating @entity1965 expression which suppressing @entity1611 transcription. @entity12698 could potentially serve as a portent pharmaceutical agent to inhibit retinal angiogenesis.

title: @entity12698 attenuates retinal angiogenesis in a XXXX model of @entity26 -induced @entity989 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity712 is a syndrome that can be caused by a variety of abnormalities, including pressure and @entity1284 , loss of muscle, primary @entity121 or excessive peripheral demands such as high output failure. In the usual form of @entity712 , the heart muscle has reduced contractility. This produces a reduction in cardiac output, which then becomes inadequate to meet the peripheral demands of the body. The 4 primary determinants of left ventricular (LV) performance are generally altered as follows: (1) There is an intrinsic decrease in muscle contractility. (2) Preload or left atrial filling pressure is increased, resulting in @entity891 and @entity1353 . (3) Although systemic blood pressure is often reduced, there is an increase in systemic vascular resistance (afterload), which can further reduce cardiac output. (4) Heart rate is generally increased as part of a compensatory mechanism associated with an increase in sympathetic tone and circulating @entity2661 . In @entity1 with @entity301 , there is often an imbalance between myocardial @entity26 supply and demand. An increase in heart size may be particularly deleterious by increasing wall tension because of the Laplace relation and increasing myocardial @entity26 consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disease']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: Prevention of @entity884 continues to concern health care providers in many specialties. The well-known lack of primary clinical trials in this area is not expected to change. Therefore, the evolution of recommendations and practice must be based on theoretic considerations and continuing assessment of secondary sources of information. Recent developments include a report of 52 cases in which antibiotic prophylaxis for @entity884 was attempted but appeared to fail. Most of these @entity1 had undergone dental procedures after oral @entity114 prophylaxis, with subsequent development of @entity883 . In two thirds, the organism was sensitive to the antibiotic used. Notably, the most common underlying @entity299 among these @entity1 was @entity3454 . However, two recent independent analyses have concluded that providing @entity884 prophylaxis for all @entity1 with @entity3454 during procedures that might cause @entity2259 would not be cost-effective. This is primarily because @entity3454 is common and @entity884 is relatively rare, resulting in an adverse risk-benefit ratio. Parenteral prophylaxis for @entity3454 might even cause a net loss of life from anaphylaxis. On the other hand, for the individual @entity1 or physician, the reassurance provided by attempted prophylaxis with oral @entity114 can be purchased at low cost and low risk. Very few cases of @entity884 have been reported after gastrointestinal and other endoscopic procedures; most of these do not need antibiotic coverage. Prophylactic antibiotics should be restricted to those situations in which both the procedure and the underlying cardiac condition seem to pose significant risk, for example, endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in @entity1 with prosthetic heart valves. Newly revised recommendations have been issued by the Medical Letter, the American Heart Association, and the American Dental Association. These regimens are shorter and simpler than earlier versions.

title: Current issues in prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac lesion']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: We assessed the effects of eye rubbing on the histologic characteristics and inflammatory cell infiltrate of the conjunctiva. The upper eyelids of 20 adult @entity35 were rubbed during a five-minute period, and then the animals were killed immediately, or at four, eight, or 24 hours after @entity130 . One eye of each animal was rubbed; the unrubbed contralateral eye served as a control. Counts of mast cells, degranulated mast cells, and inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages) were recorded from conjunctival samples from the upper eyelid. Immediately after eye rubbing the conjunctival epithelium was histologically disrupted and 50% of the mast cells showed evidence of degranulation. At four hours after @entity130 the increase in the number of neutrophils was more than 2,300%. Neutrophils were in the margins in the conjunctival vessels, had migrated into the substantia propria, and were aligned subjacent to the epithelial basement membrane; large numbers of neutrophils populated the epithelium. The four-hour stage was the most dramatic phase of @entity32 that occurred from the eye rubbing. At 24 hours there was a significant increase in the number of macrophages. The numbers of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils were not significantly changed throughout the study. Our findings demonstrate that eye rubbing histologically disrupts the epithelium and induces significant alteration in the inflammatory cell infiltrate of the conjunctiva. These changes may influence the course of @entity2194 .

title: Effects of eye rubbing on the conjunctiva as a model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['ocular inflammation']


abstract: Study Objectives: We tested whether providing adults with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) with daily Web-based access to their positive airway pressure ( @entity2786 ) usage over 3 mo with or without a financial incentive in the first week improves adherence and functional outcomes. Setting: Academic- and community-based sleep centers. @entity1 : One hundred thirty-eight adults with newly diagnosed @entity27 starting @entity2786 treatment. Interventions: @entity1 were randomized to: usual care, usual care with access to @entity2786 usage, or usual care with access to @entity2786 usage and a financial incentive. @entity2786 data were transmitted daily by wireless modem from the @entity1 ' @entity2786 unit to a website where hours of usage were displayed. @entity1 in the financial incentive group could earn up to  30/day in the first week for objective @entity2786 use >=  4 h/day. Measurements and Results: Mean hours of daily @entity2786 use in the two groups with access to @entity2786 usage data did not differ from each other but was significantly greater than that in the usual care group in the first week and over 3 mo (P < 0.0001). Average daily use (mean    standard deviation) during the first week of @entity2786 intervention was 4.7    3.3 h in the usual care group, and 5.9    2.5 h and 6.3    2.5 h in the Web access groups with and without financial incentive respectively. Adherence over the 3-mo intervention decreased at a relatively constant rate in all three groups. Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire change scores at 3 mo improved within each group (P < 0.0001) but change scores of the two groups with Web access to @entity2786 data were not different than those in the control group (P > 0.124). Conclusions: @entity2786 adherence is significantly improved by giving @entity1 Web access to information about their use of the treatment. Inclusion of a financial incentive in the first week had no additive effect in improving adherence.

title: Web-Based Access to Positive Airway Pressure Usage with or without an Initial Financial Incentive Improves Treatment Use in XXXX with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the peri-operative and long-term outcome after early repair with a hepaticojejunostomy (HJ). METHODS: Between 1995 and 2010, a nationwide, retrospective multi-centre study was conducted. All iatrogenic @entity1157 ( @entity1157 ) sustained during a cholecystectomy and repaired with HJ in the five Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary centres in Denmark were included. RESULTS: In total, 139 @entity1 had an HJ repair. The median time from the @entity1157 to reconstruction was 5 days. A concomitant @entity1317 was identified in 26 cases (19%). Post-operative morbidity was 36% and mortality was 4%. Forty-two @entity1 (30%) had a @entity850 of the HJ. The median follow-up time without @entity850 was 102 months. Nineteen out of the 42 @entity1 with post-reconstruction biliary strictures had a re-HJ. Twenty-three @entity1 were managed with percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and dilation. The overall success rate of re-establishing the biliodigestive flow approached 93%. No association was found between timing of repair, concomitant @entity1317 , level of injury and @entity850 formation. CONCLUSION: In this national, unselected and consecutive cohort of @entity1 with @entity1157 repaired by early HJ we found a considerable risk of long-term complications (e.g. 30% @entity850 rate) and mortality in both the short- and the long-term perspective.

title: Long-term outcome after early repair of iatrogenic XXXX . A national Danish multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct injury', 'BDI']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['bile duct injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the intensive care unit treatments applied to obstetrics @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity75 ( @entity75 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cases of 7 pregnant @entity1 who had been diagnosed with @entity75 between July 2011 and July 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The @entity1 ' clinical data, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images before and after treatment, and neuropsychological tests were evaluated. RESULTS: Five out of 7 @entity1 had @entity3036 , 1 @entity1 had severe @entity1468 , and 1 @entity1 developed @entity2102 secondary to @entity75 . @entity460 channel blockers and b-blockers were used as antihypertensive treatment. All @entity1 were treated with parenteral @entity2399 . In addition, @entity1372 thiopental was given to control sedation and @entity410 in all @entity1 except 1. The neurological and radiological findings of all cases treated in the intensive care unit improved. CONCLUSION: Posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome is a clinical condition with a multifactorial etiology and can result in different clinical findings. Radiological imaging techniques can be used for the diagnosis of @entity75 . Pregnancy and the postpartum period often lead to this syndrome. In some cases, @entity75 can cause irreversible @entity51 or @entity204 . For @entity1 with severe radiological findings, early diagnosis and thiopental infusion, in addition to treatment with antihypertensive agents and @entity2399 , may lead to quicker and more effective recovery from clinical manifestations. We suggest supplementation of standard treatment with early thiopental infusion.

title: An intensive care approach to @entity75 ( XXXX ): An analysis of 7 cases.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PRES', 'posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['PRES']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the intensive care unit treatments applied to obstetrics @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity75 ( @entity75 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cases of 7 pregnant @entity1 who had been diagnosed with @entity75 between July 2011 and July 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The @entity1 ' clinical data, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images before and after treatment, and neuropsychological tests were evaluated. RESULTS: Five out of 7 @entity1 had @entity3036 , 1 @entity1 had severe @entity1468 , and 1 @entity1 developed @entity2102 secondary to @entity75 . @entity460 channel blockers and b-blockers were used as antihypertensive treatment. All @entity1 were treated with parenteral @entity2399 . In addition, @entity1372 thiopental was given to control sedation and @entity410 in all @entity1 except 1. The neurological and radiological findings of all cases treated in the intensive care unit improved. CONCLUSION: Posterior reversible @entity75 syndrome is a clinical condition with a multifactorial etiology and can result in different clinical findings. Radiological imaging techniques can be used for the diagnosis of @entity75 . Pregnancy and the postpartum period often lead to this syndrome. In some cases, @entity75 can cause irreversible @entity51 or @entity204 . For @entity1 with severe radiological findings, early diagnosis and thiopental infusion, in addition to treatment with antihypertensive agents and @entity2399 , may lead to quicker and more effective recovery from clinical manifestations. We suggest supplementation of standard treatment with early thiopental infusion.

title: An intensive care approach to XXXX ( @entity75 ): An analysis of 7 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome']


abstract: @entity1263 usually occurs between 20-50 years of age, comprising about 5-10% of soft tissue @entity242 . Only 1.7% of them have been reported to occur in @entity1 < 5 months of age according to the literature. Here, we are describing 18 mnth old male @entity1 presented with a swelling in the lower back. MRI showed a sacrcoccygeal swelling extending to and communicating with CSF at lower sacral level. Birth history of the @entity1 was normal with normal apgar score. The histological diagnosis was @entity1263 . IHC showed focal positivity of @entity538 and @entity4483 . Primary spinal @entity808 in @entity1 are rarer. A careful neurological examination is warranted in @entity1 . Early diagnosis and referral to multidisciplinary team are important in ensuring the best diagnosis and optimal therapy in this young age.

title: Primary XXXX in Childhood- A Rare Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour', 'Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['MPNST']


abstract: Extra- adrenal retroperitoneal @entity1823 are @entity395 with an incidence of 2-8 per million. They arise from embryonic neural crest cells and are composed mainly of chromaffin cells located in the para- aortic sympathetic chain. They synthesize, store and secrete catecholamines because of which they may present with @entity10 , sweating, palpitation and symptoms of @entity101 . On the other hand, they may remain silent and non- functional and present with vague symptoms like @entity158 abdomen due to episodic release of catecholamines. Histologically and immunohistochemically, non- functional and the functional @entity5 are no different from each other. Primary methods of pre-operative diagnosis include imaging techniques which also help in surgical planning and pre-operative preparation. @entity5 of ten escape pre-operative detection and create per- operative complications. We present a case of non- functional @entity3506 occurring in a 66-year-old female @entity1 presenting with @entity158 and mass per abdomen. On ultrasonongraphy, a retroperitoneal mass of probable mesenchymal origin was suspected. The @entity1 was posted for surgical resection of the mass. Per-operatively, the @entity1 developed @entity101 crisis and @entity548 . Post-operatively she developed @entity177 and succumbed to it after three days. This report highlights the importance of pre- operative diagnosis which is vital in the management of @entity3506 .

title: Extra- adrenal silent retroperitoneal XXXX : report of a rare case.

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['extremely rare neuroendocrine neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3506 :: ('MESH:D010236', 'Disease') :: ['extra- adrenal retroperitoneal paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Non- functional tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paraganglioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the impact of smoking intensity on @entity5 characteristics at the time of initial @entity150 diagnosis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our institution's prospective database of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity150 from 1987 to 2009. Only @entity1 with @entity1358 and recorded @entity286 history were included. @entity1 were stratified by @entity286 history into nonsmokers, light smokers ( <=30 pack-years), and heavy smokers (>30 pack-years). An additional analysis was performed looking at @entity1 meeting National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLCST) criteria (55- to 74-year-old @entity1 with  >= 30 pack-years smoking history and  <15  years since smoking cessation). Clinicopathologic characteristics of the initial @entity150 at time of diagnosis were analyzed. RESULTS: We identified 197 (26.6%) nonsmokers, 251 (33.9%) light smokers, and 292 (39.5%) heavy smokers. Males were more likely to be heavy smokers (44.5% vs 23.6%, P   <=.01). Compared with nonsmokers and light smokers, the @entity5 in heavy smokers were more likely to be high grade with a more advanced clinical stage. Heavy smokers were more likely to present with muscle-invasive @entity150 (MIBC) at initial diagnosis. When compared to nonsmokers, the odds ratio for presenting with MIBC was 1.18 (95% confidence interval  = 0.68-2.1) for light smokers and 1.38 (95% confidence interval  = 1.06-1.8) for heavy smokers. Of 793 @entity1 with adequate information for analysis, 184 (23.2%) met NLCST criteria. Those meeting NLCST criteria were most likely to be male, to present with gross @entity811 , and to have @entity5 that were high grade and muscle invasive. NLCST criteria eligibility remained associated with MIBC on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Heavy smokers and @entity1 meeting NLCST criteria are more likely to have high-grade @entity5 with detrusor muscle invasion at initial presentation.

title: Heavy Cigarette Smoking and Aggressive XXXX at Initial Presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'initial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']