abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of low power microwave radiation on lens hydration and lens epithelial cells in vitro, and detect the expression of @entity53582 , c-fos and @entity20155 in lens epithelial cells. METHODS: @entity95 lens were exposed to microwave radiation with frequency of 2450 MHz and power density of 0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 mW/cm(2) in vitro. The hydration of lens was measured after 8 hours. Morphological changes of lens epithelial cells were observed using a phase-contrast microscope and @entity2455 staining. Expression of @entity53582 , c-fos and @entity20155 were analyzed using gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis. RESULTS: After 2.0 and 5.0 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation, the hydration of lens was increased compared to control groups (P<0.05), the shape of lens epithelial cells showed shrinking and disorder and cells nuclei appeared chromatin condensation. There was no change of lens and lens epithelial cells after 0.5 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation. The expression of @entity53582 was significantly increased in cell membrane, however, decreased in cell cytoplasm after 2.0 mW/cm(2) microwave radiation for 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours. There was significantly increased expression of c-fos and @entity20155 protein compared with control groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Low power microwave radiation higher than 2.0 mW/cm(2) can activate @entity53582 by increasing its expression in cell membrane, then induce high expression of c-fos and @entity20155 , which may relate to cellular signaling pathway of microwave @entity1161 and lens epithelial cells.

title: [Effects of microwave radiation on lens hydration and expression of XXXX and transcription factors in lens epithelial cells].

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury to lens']

answer: @entity53582 :: (100037720(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['PKC-alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity311 is both a social and a behavioral problem that may prompt individuals' demonstration of culturally prescribed behavioral patterns, which in turn, may contribute to their perception and treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVES: The study examines the problems associated with the ways in which students of a Nigerian university perceive @entity281 , seek treatment for the @entity281 , and respond to available treatment options. METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire that was administered to 600 male and female undergraduate students in final year classes in 6 fields of study at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife: technology, environmental sciences, social sciences, humanities, health sciences, and pharmacy. An interview schedule was used to conduct an in-depth interview with 120 students who were selected using a systematic sampling technique. The research instrument was pilot tested for validity and reliability, and the items of data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Results revealed that student respondents suffered an average of 2.33 @entity311 attacks per annum, with male students suffering a significantly greater number of attacks than the females (chi(2)=17.21, df=3, P=.05). Additionally, it was observed that 48% of females admitted a preference for injections over other dosage forms compared to 33.3% of their male counterparts. Injections were favored by females because of rapid onset of action and bitter taste accompanying oral dosage forms. It is worth noting, however, that even within this group, self-medication was quite prominent, suggesting that injections are used without the benefit of medical supervision in the sample population. Although no less than 54.6% of the respondents claimed to suffer from @entity503 -induced @entity111 , 41% of the respondents used @entity503 preparations as their drug of choice in seeking a cure for their @entity281 , whereas only 4% used it for prevention of the diseases. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there is no noticeable difference in the perception of @entity311 between male and female students; however, there is a significant difference between the frequency of attacks in the 2 groups, and this may have considerable influence on the ways male and female subjects treat the @entity281 and their subsequent response to treatment.

title: The response of students to XXXX and @entity311 therapy in a university in southwest Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'malarial infection']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity311 is both a social and a behavioral problem that may prompt individuals' demonstration of culturally prescribed behavioral patterns, which in turn, may contribute to their perception and treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVES: The study examines the problems associated with the ways in which students of a Nigerian university perceive @entity281 , seek treatment for the @entity281 , and respond to available treatment options. METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire that was administered to 600 male and female undergraduate students in final year classes in 6 fields of study at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife: technology, environmental sciences, social sciences, humanities, health sciences, and pharmacy. An interview schedule was used to conduct an in-depth interview with 120 students who were selected using a systematic sampling technique. The research instrument was pilot tested for validity and reliability, and the items of data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Results revealed that student respondents suffered an average of 2.33 @entity311 attacks per annum, with male students suffering a significantly greater number of attacks than the females (chi(2)=17.21, df=3, P=.05). Additionally, it was observed that 48% of females admitted a preference for injections over other dosage forms compared to 33.3% of their male counterparts. Injections were favored by females because of rapid onset of action and bitter taste accompanying oral dosage forms. It is worth noting, however, that even within this group, self-medication was quite prominent, suggesting that injections are used without the benefit of medical supervision in the sample population. Although no less than 54.6% of the respondents claimed to suffer from @entity503 -induced @entity111 , 41% of the respondents used @entity503 preparations as their drug of choice in seeking a cure for their @entity281 , whereas only 4% used it for prevention of the diseases. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there is no noticeable difference in the perception of @entity311 between male and female students; however, there is a significant difference between the frequency of attacks in the 2 groups, and this may have considerable influence on the ways male and female subjects treat the @entity281 and their subsequent response to treatment.

title: The response of students to @entity311 and XXXX therapy in a university in southwest Nigeria.

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: While studying differentially expressed genes between sensitive and 10(-5)M @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) resistant HT29 @entity1 @entity694 cells, we identified some members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. The study was followed with the member @entity15337 (EC 1.1.1.213), validating its increase in mRNA and protein levels in @entity1500 resistant cells. The genomic content for @entity15337 remained unchanged between sensitive and resistant cells, thereby excluding a mechanism of @entity15337 gene amplification. Thus, we cloned the @entity15337 @entity1 promoter and performed luciferase experiments that revealed a transcriptional regulation of the gene in the resistant cells. Computational studies showed a putative binding site for the transcription factor @entity3419 . The co-transfection of @entity3419 or @entity28549 with different constructs of @entity15337 promoter deletions, including and excluding the proximal GC-box, demonstrated a key role for these factors in regulating @entity15337 transcriptional activity. Gel-shift assays revealed an increase in @entity3419 and @entity28549 binding in resistant compared to sensitive cells, without differences in @entity3419 protein levels. Dephosphorylation of the extracts coincided with a decrease in @entity3419 binding, which is consistent with a process of regulation of @entity3419 by phosphorylation. We also investigated the possible relationship between @entity15337 expression and @entity1500 action. Overexpression of @entity15337 counteracted the S-phase accumulation of cells and apoptosis caused by @entity1500 treatment. This suggests a role of @entity15337 in cell proliferation. Finally, overexpression of @entity15337 in @entity1500 sensitive HT29 cells conferred resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent and silencing of @entity15337 by means of iRNA technology sensitized the cells to @entity1500 .

title: Transcriptional regulation of aldo-keto reductase 1C1 in HT29 @entity1 @entity694 cells resistant to XXXX : role in the cell cycle and apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: While studying differentially expressed genes between sensitive and 10(-5)M @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) resistant HT29 @entity1 @entity694 cells, we identified some members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. The study was followed with the member @entity15337 (EC 1.1.1.213), validating its increase in mRNA and protein levels in @entity1500 resistant cells. The genomic content for @entity15337 remained unchanged between sensitive and resistant cells, thereby excluding a mechanism of @entity15337 gene amplification. Thus, we cloned the @entity15337 @entity1 promoter and performed luciferase experiments that revealed a transcriptional regulation of the gene in the resistant cells. Computational studies showed a putative binding site for the transcription factor @entity3419 . The co-transfection of @entity3419 or @entity28549 with different constructs of @entity15337 promoter deletions, including and excluding the proximal GC-box, demonstrated a key role for these factors in regulating @entity15337 transcriptional activity. Gel-shift assays revealed an increase in @entity3419 and @entity28549 binding in resistant compared to sensitive cells, without differences in @entity3419 protein levels. Dephosphorylation of the extracts coincided with a decrease in @entity3419 binding, which is consistent with a process of regulation of @entity3419 by phosphorylation. We also investigated the possible relationship between @entity15337 expression and @entity1500 action. Overexpression of @entity15337 counteracted the S-phase accumulation of cells and apoptosis caused by @entity1500 treatment. This suggests a role of @entity15337 in cell proliferation. Finally, overexpression of @entity15337 in @entity1500 sensitive HT29 cells conferred resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent and silencing of @entity15337 by means of iRNA technology sensitized the cells to @entity1500 .

title: Transcriptional regulation of aldo-keto reductase 1C1 in HT29 @entity1 XXXX cells resistant to @entity1499 : role in the cell cycle and apoptosis.

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: While studying differentially expressed genes between sensitive and 10(-5)M @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) resistant HT29 @entity1 @entity694 cells, we identified some members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. The study was followed with the member @entity15337 (EC 1.1.1.213), validating its increase in mRNA and protein levels in @entity1500 resistant cells. The genomic content for @entity15337 remained unchanged between sensitive and resistant cells, thereby excluding a mechanism of @entity15337 gene amplification. Thus, we cloned the @entity15337 @entity1 promoter and performed luciferase experiments that revealed a transcriptional regulation of the gene in the resistant cells. Computational studies showed a putative binding site for the transcription factor @entity3419 . The co-transfection of @entity3419 or @entity28549 with different constructs of @entity15337 promoter deletions, including and excluding the proximal GC-box, demonstrated a key role for these factors in regulating @entity15337 transcriptional activity. Gel-shift assays revealed an increase in @entity3419 and @entity28549 binding in resistant compared to sensitive cells, without differences in @entity3419 protein levels. Dephosphorylation of the extracts coincided with a decrease in @entity3419 binding, which is consistent with a process of regulation of @entity3419 by phosphorylation. We also investigated the possible relationship between @entity15337 expression and @entity1500 action. Overexpression of @entity15337 counteracted the S-phase accumulation of cells and apoptosis caused by @entity1500 treatment. This suggests a role of @entity15337 in cell proliferation. Finally, overexpression of @entity15337 in @entity1500 sensitive HT29 cells conferred resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent and silencing of @entity15337 by means of iRNA technology sensitized the cells to @entity1500 .

title: Transcriptional regulation of aldo-keto reductase 1C1 in HT29 XXXX @entity694 cells resistant to @entity1499 : role in the cell cycle and apoptosis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The fenestrated microvasculature of the area postrema shows a less restrictive blood-brain barrier than is found in other areas of the CNS. We have studied the expression and relationship of vascular endothelial tight junctional proteins, astrocytes, macrophages, and the extracellular matrix with the extravasation of fluorescently tagged dextrans and @entity941 in the @entity35 area postrema. @entity40 ( @entity40 ) -positive astrocytes were present within the area postrema which was surrounded by a dense zone of highly @entity40 -reactive astrocytes. Expression of the tight junction proteins @entity22677 , -12 and @entity659 was absent, although diffuse cytoplasmic @entity32243 immunoreactivity was present. The extracellular matrix of the endothelium showed two non-fused thickened layers of laminin immunoreactivity. @entity40679 and CD169 immunoreactive perivascular macrophages were located within lacunae between these two laminin layers. Fluorescently tagged dextrans (10-70 kDa) passed from the vasculature but were retained between the inner and outer laminin walls and rapidly sequestered by the perivascular @entity40679 and CD169 macrophages. Three-kilodalton dextran diffused into the parenchyma, but was retained within the boundary of the area postrema at the interface with the highly reactive @entity40 -astrocytes, while @entity941 (0.3 kDa) passed from the area postrema into surrounding CNS areas. Our observations suggest that despite the absence of a tight blood-brain barrier, a size selective barrier restricting the movement of blood solutes into the parenchyma is present in the area postrema. We suggest that the rapid uptake by @entity40679 and CD169 macrophages together with the non-fused laminin immunoreactive layers of the extracellular matrix plays a size selective role in restricting movement of serum proteins and other blood borne macromolecules over 10 kDa in to the area postrema.

title: A size selective vascular barrier in the XXXX area postrema formed by perivascular macrophages and the extracellular matrix.

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluorescein']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of complications relating to @entity1319 and alignment in @entity1 with refractory congenital and @entity726 treated with aqueous drainage device surgery. METHODS: Chart review of consecutive @entity1 treated with aqueous drainage devices at Duke University Eye Center from 1995 to 2006 for @entity1319 and strabismus as well as sensorimotor testing results before and after aqueous drainage device placement. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eyes of 30 @entity1 with @entity10064 and 41 eyes of 32 @entity1 with @entity726 were included. Optotype visual acuity testing could be performed in a minority of @entity1 preoperatively. After aqueous drainage device surgery, 14 and 20 eyes, respectively, were >20/100 in the @entity10064 and @entity726 groups. Only a few @entity1 had stereopsis or demonstrated binocular function on Worth 4-Dot testing in both groups before and after aqueous drainage device surgery. Horizontal and vertical strabismus was common, especially after aqueous drainage device surgery and occurred in 57% of @entity10064 @entity1 and 47% of @entity726 @entity1 . Motility limitation (both vertical and horizontal) was also common and occurred in 37% overall. DISCUSSION: @entity1319 and strabismus were common in @entity1 after aqueous drainage device surgery. These potential problems should be considered when aqueous drainage device surgery is planned, especially in @entity1 with binocularity.

title: Aqueous drainage device surgery in refractory pediatric XXXX : II. Ocular motility consequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['aphakic glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['ocular motility', 'Ocular motility abnormalities', 'ocular motility abnormalities']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of intravesical instillation of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) requires alkalinisation and concentration of urine before each instillation. The objective of the study was to assess compliance and effectiveness of urine alkalinazation and fluid restriction protocols in @entity1 treated with intravesical instillations of @entity1139 for TVNIM. MATERIAL ET METHOD: Descriptive prospective epidemiological study in all @entity1 consecutively treated with intravesical instillations of @entity1139 for non-muscle invasive @entity150 (NMIBC). @entity1 should be advised to drink 2  liters of water from Vichy and to perform fluid restriction the day before the instillations. Before each instillation, a questionnaire on the implementation of these measures was filled, density and pH were determined by urinalysis strips. RESULTS: On 126  questionnaires fulfilled, 117  @entity1 (93%) and 106  @entity1 (84%) reported having made alkalinization and fluid restriction, respectively. Ninety-one of @entity1 (78%) reported having performed alkalinization had a pH greater than or equal to 6.5  and the mean urinary pH was 6.94  vs. 5.94  in @entity1 stating not to have made alkalizing (P=0.0001). No significant differences in urine density according to fluid restriction was found. CONCLUSION: The observance of the instructions regarding urine alkalinization before @entity1139 instillations was satisfactory and has achieved a sufficiently high urinary pH to prevent degradation of the product in 91% of cases. Conversely, the fluid restriction was not followed closely and has not shown its effectiveness on the concentration of urine. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: [Assessment of the optimization of the conditions of XXXX intravesical instillation completion in the setting of non-muscle invasive @entity150 treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of intravesical instillation of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) requires alkalinisation and concentration of urine before each instillation. The objective of the study was to assess compliance and effectiveness of urine alkalinazation and fluid restriction protocols in @entity1 treated with intravesical instillations of @entity1139 for TVNIM. MATERIAL ET METHOD: Descriptive prospective epidemiological study in all @entity1 consecutively treated with intravesical instillations of @entity1139 for non-muscle invasive @entity150 (NMIBC). @entity1 should be advised to drink 2  liters of water from Vichy and to perform fluid restriction the day before the instillations. Before each instillation, a questionnaire on the implementation of these measures was filled, density and pH were determined by urinalysis strips. RESULTS: On 126  questionnaires fulfilled, 117  @entity1 (93%) and 106  @entity1 (84%) reported having made alkalinization and fluid restriction, respectively. Ninety-one of @entity1 (78%) reported having performed alkalinization had a pH greater than or equal to 6.5  and the mean urinary pH was 6.94  vs. 5.94  in @entity1 stating not to have made alkalizing (P=0.0001). No significant differences in urine density according to fluid restriction was found. CONCLUSION: The observance of the instructions regarding urine alkalinization before @entity1139 instillations was satisfactory and has achieved a sufficiently high urinary pH to prevent degradation of the product in 91% of cases. Conversely, the fluid restriction was not followed closely and has not shown its effectiveness on the concentration of urine. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: [Assessment of the optimization of the conditions of @entity1138 intravesical instillation completion in the setting of non-muscle invasive XXXX treatment].

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To determine the accuracy of imaging features, such as @entity5 dimension, multinodularity, nonsmooth @entity5 margins, peritumoral enhancement, and radiogenomic algorithm based on the association between imaging features (internal arteries and hypoattenuating halos) and gene expression that the authors called two-trait predictor of @entity3 (TTPVI), in the prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) in @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Materials and Methods This single-center retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and the requirement for informed consent was waived. One hundred twenty-five @entity1 (median age, 63 years; interquartile range, 53-71 years) with a diagnosis of @entity157 and indications for hepatic resection were included. Two observers independently reviewed radiologic images to evaluate the following features for MVI: maximum diameter, number of lesions, @entity5 margins, TTPVI, and peritumoral enhancement. Interobserver agreement was checked, and diagnostic accuracy of radiologic features was investigated. Results The total number of @entity157 nodules was 140. Large @entity5 size, nonsmooth @entity5 margins, TTPVI, and peritumoral enhancement were significantly related to the presence of MVI (P < .05 in all cases and for both observers). Multinodularity was not significantly related (P = .158). Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of the three "worrisome" radiologic features (nonsmooth @entity5 margins, peritumoral enhancement, and TTPVI) was associated with @entity5 size: The negative predictive value of the absence of worrisome features decreased from 0.84 for observer 1 and 0.91 for observer 2 for @entity5 smaller than 2 cm to 0.56 and 0.71, respectively, for @entity5 larger than 5 cm, whereas the presence of all three worrisome features returned to a positive predictive value of 0.95 for observer 1 and 0.96 for observer 2 independent of @entity5 size, with no significant interobserver differences (P > .10). Conclusion "Worrisome" imaging features, such as @entity5 dimension, nonsmooth @entity5 margins, peritumoral enhancement, and TTPVI, have high accuracy in the prediction of MVI in @entity157 . (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: Can Current Preoperative Imaging Be Used to Detect Microvascular Invasion of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['venous invasion']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity3225 is a devastating inflammatory condition of the intraocular cavities that may result in irreparable @entity1018 and rapid destruction of the eye. Almost all cases in the literature have shown an identified source causing @entity3225 as a result of direct extension of disease. We present a rare case of bilateral @entity3225 . A 72-year-old @entity1 with a history of @entity6 , @entity1963 , and recent culture-positive @entity2885 with @entity3041 status post-surgical stent placement presented with difficulty opening her eyes. She complained of @entity227 (20/200) with @entity158 and @entity2194 - right worse then left. Examination demonstrated @entity364 in both retinas consistent with bilateral @entity364 . Bilateral vitreous taps for cultures and staining were performed. @entity1 was given intravitreal injections of @entity2379 , @entity2176 , @entity5505 , and started on oral @entity2380 . @entity1 was scheduled for vitrectomy to decrease organism burden and to remove loculated areas of @entity281 that would not respond to systemic antifungal agents. Four weeks after initial presentation, the fungal cultures revealed mold growth consistent with aspergillus. @entity1 was subsequently started on @entity18111 and @entity2380 was discontinued due to poor efficacy against aspergillus. Further workup was conducted to evaluate for the source of @entity281 and seeding. Transthoracic cardiogram was unremarkable for any @entity47 or @entity340 . MRI of the orbits and sinuses did not reveal any mass lesions or bony destruction. CT of the chest was unremarkable for @entity281 . @entity3225 may occur because of one of these several mechanisms: hematogenous dissemination, direct inoculation by @entity130 , and contamination during surgery. Our @entity1 's cause of @entity3225 was through an unknown iatrogenic seed.

title: A rare case of bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['redness in both eyes']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['congenital Hirschsprung disease']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['multiple white fungal balls', 'fungal endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity18111 :: ('MESH:D065819', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetation']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['candida pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral endophthalmitis', 'Aspergillus endophthalmitis', 'aspergillus endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['aspergillus endophthalmitis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the course of cutaneous @entity44 in a population of 362 @entity1 examined in a pediatric dermatology unit from 1975 to 1982. 461 @entity2695 were observed in these @entity1 : 110 were of the naevus flammaeus type (port wine stain) including 23 forehead salmon patches. 351 were @entity44 ( @entity44 )--strawberry @entity2695 . 3.5 p. 100 of @entity1 were afflicted of two types of @entity2695 . Results concerning the 282 @entity1 with 351 @entity44 are detailed as followed: average follow-up: 2 years; sex-ratio M/S 1.9, most of them Caucasians. Prematurity (data obtained prospectively during 1982): 19 p. 100; clinical features: dermal: 253, subcutaneous: 35, mixed pattern 63; 2 @entity44 or more were detected in 12 p. 100 of the @entity1 ; site: head and neck; 49 p. 100, trunk: 21 p. 100, upper limbs: 14.5 lower limbs: 12 p. 100, genitals 3.5 p. 100; maximal size during follow-up: less than 1 cm: 36 p. 100, between 1 and 3 cm: 43 p. 100, more than 3 cm; 21 p. 100; time of onset: 51 p. 100 were noted at birth, 35 p. 100 during the first month, 13 p. 100 after the first month. Course of untreated @entity44 is shown in figure 1. At the end of follow-up, spontaneous evolution in 52 @entity1 was judged; very good in 44 p. 100, good in 41 p. 100, poor or bad in 15 p. 100. Minor complications ( @entity1066 , infection, @entity548 ) were observed in 12.8 p. 100. Functional impairment requiring therapy was present in 2/4 plantar @entity44 , 3/30 eyelid @entity44 , 3/3 @entity44 with laryngeal involvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immature XXXX . Epidemiologic study of 351 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['angiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immature angiomas', 'IA']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['cutaneous hemangiomas']


abstract: Today, by injecting @entity1933 based nanoparticles (USPIO) as MRI contrast agents, it is possible to study lymphatic system and some specific @entity5 and their @entity3 . The type of surface coating, and coating characteristics of the nanoparticles are important factors for the biological properties of nanoparticles and their destination target. On the other hand, these properties contribute to different signal intensities. This may confine application of all types of USPIO based contrast agents in routine daily experiments. In this study, the ability of detecting these particles having various sizes and coating properties was evaluated for MRI applications. Signal intensity changes after administration of these particles into tissues have been studied and their detection sensitivity was evaluated using a liver phantom and animal model ( @entity35 ). IO based nanoparticles of various sizes (8-30 nm) functionalized and coated with various surface polymers such as dextran and starch, @entity6115 and @entity2145 groups, and bear IO particles were used to investigate the signal changes. The optimized pulse sequences for proper demonstration of lymph nodes using these contrast agents were found (T2* FSPGR protocol with fat suppressions). A detection sensitivity of 98% was achieved in most experiments during applying a proper MR protocol. However, the type of surface coating, and coating characteristics such as thickness were shown to be essential factors for MRI signal intensity in both T1 and T2 protocols.

title: Detection sensitivity of MRI using ultra-small super paramagnetic XXXX nano-particles (USPIO) in biological tissues.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2145 :: ('MESH:C031356', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxide']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most @entity5 susceptibility genes are @entity5 suppressor genes that are biallelically inactivated in familial @entity5 through somatic deletion of the wild-type allele. Identifying the genomic losses that occur in @entity788 , particularly those that occur in @entity5 , may help localize the genes responsible for @entity788 susceptibility. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Normal and neoplastic tissue DNA was isolated from fresh-frozen surgically resected tissues from 20 @entity1 with primary @entity788 (defined as having at least one first-degree relative with @entity788 ), 31 with @entity70768 ( @entity4929 ), and 7 with familial IPMNs using laser capture microdissection. Microdissected DNA was whole genome amplified using multiple strand displacement. Genome-wide allelotypes were determined using 391 microsatellite markers. The accuracy of microdissection and fidelity of the whole genome amplification were determined by comparing the genotypes of microdissected primary @entity788 to the genotypes of xenografts derived from these @entity5 and by comparing the results of amplified to nonamplified specimens. RESULTS: The concordance of genotypes between LCM whole genome amplified primary @entity788 and their corresponding @entity788 xenograft DNAs was 98%. Among the 20 primary familial pancreatic @entity420 , we found a high prevalence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) with an average fractional allelic loss (FAL) of 49.9% of an aggregate of 2,378 informative markers. The level of FAL in the IPMNs (10%) was significantly lower than in the pancreatic @entity420 . The most common locus of LOH in the IPMNs was at 19p (LOH at 24% of markers). The regions of frequent allelic loss observed in the @entity788 were similar to those found in sporadic @entity788 . CONCLUSIONS: The allelic loss patterns of @entity5 and IPMNs provide clues as to the genomic locations of @entity5 suppressor genes inactivated in these @entity5 .

title: Genome-wide allelotypes of familial pancreatic XXXX and familial and @entity70768 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity70768 :: ('MESH:C538614', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['familial pancreatic cancers', 'pancreatic cancers', 'familial pancreatic adenocarcinoma', 'pancreatic neoplasms', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'familial and sporadic pancreatic cancers', 'cancers', 'familial cancer', 'neoplasms', 'familial and precursor neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most @entity5 susceptibility genes are @entity5 suppressor genes that are biallelically inactivated in familial @entity5 through somatic deletion of the wild-type allele. Identifying the genomic losses that occur in @entity788 , particularly those that occur in @entity5 , may help localize the genes responsible for @entity788 susceptibility. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Normal and neoplastic tissue DNA was isolated from fresh-frozen surgically resected tissues from 20 @entity1 with primary @entity788 (defined as having at least one first-degree relative with @entity788 ), 31 with @entity70768 ( @entity4929 ), and 7 with familial IPMNs using laser capture microdissection. Microdissected DNA was whole genome amplified using multiple strand displacement. Genome-wide allelotypes were determined using 391 microsatellite markers. The accuracy of microdissection and fidelity of the whole genome amplification were determined by comparing the genotypes of microdissected primary @entity788 to the genotypes of xenografts derived from these @entity5 and by comparing the results of amplified to nonamplified specimens. RESULTS: The concordance of genotypes between LCM whole genome amplified primary @entity788 and their corresponding @entity788 xenograft DNAs was 98%. Among the 20 primary familial pancreatic @entity420 , we found a high prevalence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) with an average fractional allelic loss (FAL) of 49.9% of an aggregate of 2,378 informative markers. The level of FAL in the IPMNs (10%) was significantly lower than in the pancreatic @entity420 . The most common locus of LOH in the IPMNs was at 19p (LOH at 24% of markers). The regions of frequent allelic loss observed in the @entity788 were similar to those found in sporadic @entity788 . CONCLUSIONS: The allelic loss patterns of @entity5 and IPMNs provide clues as to the genomic locations of @entity5 suppressor genes inactivated in these @entity5 .

title: Genome-wide allelotypes of familial pancreatic @entity420 and familial and XXXX .

answer: @entity70768 :: (MESH:C538614,Disease) :: ['sporadic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined if supervised analysis of gene expression data from phase II studies could identify @entity1722 overexpression as a predictor of response to trastuzumab. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Gene expression data from 132 newly diagnosed @entity0 were used to simulate 50,000 single-agent phase II trastuzumab studies. True @entity1722 amplification was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Only 3.67% of the simulated studies yielded @entity1722 as the top predictor, >96% of the individual "studies" picked a different gene as the most predictive of trastuzumab response. @entity1722 was included in the top 10 gene list 9.73% of the time. When @entity1722 was a priori defined as a potential predictor, 99.6% of the simulated studies confirmed overexpression among responders. Candidate marker testing may be more efficient than de novo predictor discovery in phase II trials. We describe a tandem, two-step phase II trial design for rapid marker assessment that combines two optimal two-stage phase II trials into a single study. In the first stage, unselected @entity1 are treated, and if insufficient responses are seen, the trial remains open for marker-positive @entity1 only and a second two-stage trial commences. CONCLUSIONS: The probability of successful discovery of drug-specific pharmacogenomic response markers in a typical phase II study is small. The evaluation of predefined predictors using tandem two-step phase II design has the advantages of estimating response rates in both unselected and marker-selected @entity1 populations and allows for simultaneous screening of multiple different predictors for the same drug and several distinct predictor-drug pairs in a single, parallel multiarm trial.

title: Pharmacogenomic predictor discovery in phase II clinical trials for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Compared with chow or a @entity1681 ( @entity1681 ), IV administration of a parenteral nutrition solution ( @entity6841 ) impairs intestinal and respiratory mucosal immunity, resulting in cellular and immunoglobulin A (IgA) defects in the intestine and impaired respiratory antiviral and antibacterial defenses. @entity6841 given intragastrically (IG- @entity6841 ) impairs intestinal immunity similar to @entity6841 but preserves antiviral defences and partially preserves antibacterial defenses. @entity29956 ( @entity29956 ) is a molecule essential for development and organization of lymphoid tissue. It controls many molecules important in mucosal immune integrity. This study examines effects of route (IV or enteral) and type ( @entity6841 , @entity1681 , or chow) on @entity19 intestine and lung @entity29956 expression. METHODS: Forty-three @entity19 randomly received @entity6841 (n = 12), IG- @entity6841 (n = 11), IV saline + chow (chow; n = 11), or a @entity1681 (n = 9). After 5 days of feeding, intestinal and lung samples were obtained and processed for levels of @entity29956 by Western blot. RESULTS: @entity6841 significantly reduced intestinal and lung @entity29956 compared with @entity1681 and chow. IG- @entity6841 reduced @entity29956 levels only in the intestine but preserved lung levels. CONCLUSIONS: Route and type of nutrition differentially influence molecular events in the intestinal and respiratory mucosal immune systems. Enteral feeding with any diet (complex or chemically defined) maintains lung @entity29956 expression, whereas intestinal @entity29956 levels are maintained only with CEDs (chow and @entity1681 ). We hypothesize that @entity29956 is responsible for the observed preservation of respiratory tract immunity with administration of a noncomplex, chemically defined enteral diet, whereas intestinal immunity is compromised with this diet.

title: Enteral feeding of a chemically defined diet preserves pulmonary immunity but not intestinal immunity: the role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29956 :: ('17000(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Lymphotoxin beta receptor', 'LTbetaR']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['CED', 'complex enteral diet']

answer: @entity29956 :: (17000(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['lymphotoxin beta receptor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Malignant @entity2615 (MPM) is a disease of increasing incidence for which treatment options are limited. This study reports the clinical efficacy data for @entity24986 , a novel microtubule inhibitor, in MPM. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of MPM were eligible for enrollment onto this multicenter phase II trial if they had not received prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy and had measurable lesions by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) criteria. @entity24986 320 mg/m2 by 10-minute intravenous infusion was administered on day 1 of 21-day cycles. Modifications of dose and schedule were made according to National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria version 2.0. Efficacy was assessed by an external, independent radiologist. The one-sample multiple testing procedure of Fleming was applied at the predetermined recruitment stages of 20 and 40 assessable @entity1 . RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were enrolled. Five @entity1 were not assessable for @entity5 response. The response rate was 13.8% (95% CI, 6.5% to 24.7%). The median survival was 10.8 months (95% CI, 7.8 to 12.0 months). The most common adverse events were @entity417 , @entity1398 , @entity1295 , @entity1142 , and @entity390 . Of grade 3 and 4 @entity137 , @entity1398 and @entity1142 were the most common (45% and 9% of @entity1 , respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity24986 can be delivered with high-dose intensity in @entity1 with MPM. The response rate and median survival are encouraging for a single agent. These data suggest that @entity24986 should be further evaluated in the management of MPM.

title: Phase II study of XXXX in malignant @entity2615 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity24986 :: ('MESH:C111217', 'Chemical') :: ['vinflunine', 'Vinflunine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity24986 :: (MESH:C111217,Chemical) :: ['vinflunine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Malignant @entity2615 (MPM) is a disease of increasing incidence for which treatment options are limited. This study reports the clinical efficacy data for @entity24986 , a novel microtubule inhibitor, in MPM. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of MPM were eligible for enrollment onto this multicenter phase II trial if they had not received prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy and had measurable lesions by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) criteria. @entity24986 320 mg/m2 by 10-minute intravenous infusion was administered on day 1 of 21-day cycles. Modifications of dose and schedule were made according to National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria version 2.0. Efficacy was assessed by an external, independent radiologist. The one-sample multiple testing procedure of Fleming was applied at the predetermined recruitment stages of 20 and 40 assessable @entity1 . RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were enrolled. Five @entity1 were not assessable for @entity5 response. The response rate was 13.8% (95% CI, 6.5% to 24.7%). The median survival was 10.8 months (95% CI, 7.8 to 12.0 months). The most common adverse events were @entity417 , @entity1398 , @entity1295 , @entity1142 , and @entity390 . Of grade 3 and 4 @entity137 , @entity1398 and @entity1142 were the most common (45% and 9% of @entity1 , respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity24986 can be delivered with high-dose intensity in @entity1 with MPM. The response rate and median survival are encouraging for a single agent. These data suggest that @entity24986 should be further evaluated in the management of MPM.

title: Phase II study of @entity24986 in malignant XXXX .

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: Age-related muscle weakening may ultimately result in the transition from an independent to a dependent life-style. The decline in muscle strength is larger than expected from the loss of muscle mass. Single fibre studies and in vitro motility assays indicate that part of the @entity121 is due to modifications of the @entity3999 molecule. A lower rate of protein turnover may increase the chance of post-translational modifications such as oxidation and glycation. The impaired regenerative capacity of old muscles is related to a lower differentiation capacity of myosatellite cells, which is most likely due to altered transcriptional activity of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). However, old myosatellite cells can be rejuvenated when exposed to serum from young individuals. This indicates that alterations in the environment of the satellite cells or circulating substances play an important role in impaired differentiation capacity of satellite cells in old age. It is proposed that systemic @entity32 may be that factor. Indeed, the inflammatory cytokine tumour @entity39 factor-alpha: 1) impairs transcriptional regulation by MRFs, 2) suppresses myosatellite cell differentiation and 3) induces apoptosis. Moreover, muscle mass, strength and the response to strength training in old age are all inversely related to the degree of systemic @entity32 .

title: Age-related skeletal XXXX : causes and mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle dysfunction']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effects of @entity2816 treatment on endostatin production in @entity63 /reperfusion-injured @entity840 retinas. METHODS: Control, @entity63 , @entity2816 / @entity63 groups including 7 animals in each were formed from pigmented male @entity840 . @entity2479 was induced by cannulating anterior chambers and lifting the bottle to a height of 205 cm for 90 min in the @entity63 and @entity2816 / @entity63 groups. The @entity2816 / @entity63 group received @entity2816 (300 mg/kg/day) via nasogastric tube 24 h before @entity63 and during 7 days of reperfusion. @entity840 were sacrified for biochemical analysis of retinal endostatin level by ELISA. RESULTS: The mean retinal endostatin levels of the control, @entity63 and @entity2816 / @entity63 groups were 11.79 +/- 7.36, 14.70 +/- 4.88, 30.94 +/- 15.59 ng/ml, respectively. The mean retinal endostatin level of the @entity2816 / @entity63 group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p = 0.011). The mean retinal endostatin level of the @entity2816 / @entity63 group was higher than that of the @entity63 group, but there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.073). No statistically significant difference in the mean retinal endostatin level was found between the control and @entity63 groups (p = 0.165). CONCLUSION: @entity2816 treatment increased retinal endostatin level in @entity63 /reperfusion-injured @entity840 retinas.

title: Effect of XXXX on endostatin levels in @entity2479 /reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effects of @entity2816 treatment on endostatin production in @entity63 /reperfusion-injured @entity840 retinas. METHODS: Control, @entity63 , @entity2816 / @entity63 groups including 7 animals in each were formed from pigmented male @entity840 . @entity2479 was induced by cannulating anterior chambers and lifting the bottle to a height of 205 cm for 90 min in the @entity63 and @entity2816 / @entity63 groups. The @entity2816 / @entity63 group received @entity2816 (300 mg/kg/day) via nasogastric tube 24 h before @entity63 and during 7 days of reperfusion. @entity840 were sacrified for biochemical analysis of retinal endostatin level by ELISA. RESULTS: The mean retinal endostatin levels of the control, @entity63 and @entity2816 / @entity63 groups were 11.79 +/- 7.36, 14.70 +/- 4.88, 30.94 +/- 15.59 ng/ml, respectively. The mean retinal endostatin level of the @entity2816 / @entity63 group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p = 0.011). The mean retinal endostatin level of the @entity2816 / @entity63 group was higher than that of the @entity63 group, but there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.073). No statistically significant difference in the mean retinal endostatin level was found between the control and @entity63 groups (p = 0.165). CONCLUSION: @entity2816 treatment increased retinal endostatin level in @entity63 /reperfusion-injured @entity840 retinas.

title: Effect of @entity2816 on endostatin levels in XXXX /reperfusion injury.

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ischemia']


abstract: The optimal treatment of @entity1 with @entity66 , such as @entity5 , depends on the accurate diagnosis by using a combination of clinical and histopathological data. In many scenarios, it becomes tremendously difficult because of the limitations in clinical presentation and histopathology. To accurate diagnose @entity66 , the molecular classification based on gene or protein expression profiles are indispensable for modern medicine. Moreover, many @entity66 consist of various potential subtypes in molecular basis and differ remarkably in their response to therapies. It is critical to accurate predict subgroup on disease gene expression profiles. More fundamental knowledge of the molecular basis and classification of disease could aid in the prediction of @entity1 outcome, the informed selection of therapies, and identification of novel molecular targets for therapy. In this paper, we propose a new disease diagnostic method, probabilistic boosting tree (PB tree) method, on gene expression profiles of @entity2 . It enables accurate disease classification and subtype discovery in disease. It automatically constructs a tree in which each node combines a number of weak classifiers into a strong classifier. Also, subtype discovery is naturally embedded in the learning process. Our algorithm achieves excellent diagnostic performance, and meanwhile it is capable of detecting the disease subtype based on gene expression profile.

title: XXXX diagnosis and subtype discovery by gene expression profiling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complex diseases', 'heterogeneous diseases']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung tumor']


abstract: This report describes the selection and behavior of @entity5 cells resistant to cytolysis by syngeneic lymphocytes. Two B16 melanoma lines, F1 (low metastasis) and @entity48401 (high metastasis), were cultured with lymphocytes from C57BL/6 @entity19 immunized against B16. The selection procedure involved repeated exposure of the @entity5 cells to lymphocytes in vitro. After each interaction, the viable @entity5 cells were trpsinized, replated, and designated lines F1Lr-1 and F10Lr-1. The procedure was repeated five times, yielding lines F1Lr-6 and F10Lr-6, which resisted cytolysis by syngeneic lymphocytes. @entity19 were given s.c. or i.v. injections of cells from lines F1, F1Lr-6, @entity48401 , or F10Lr-6. Tumor growth patterns were the same for all four lines when the cells were injected s.c., however, the incidence of @entity358 differed significantly after i.v. injection. Line @entity48401 cells yielded more @entity358 than an equal number of line F1 cells (p less than 0.01). F1Lr-6 cells yielded significantly fewer @entity3 than an equal number of lines F1 cells (p less than 0.01). A similar difference between F10Lr-6 and @entity48401 cells was observed. The incidence of artificial @entity3 after i.v. injection of F10Lr-6 cells was similar to that for F1 cells. The quantitative organ distribution, arrest, and survival of i.v.-injected @entity5 cells were studied by using [125]-5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridinelabeled cells. There was a significantly greater number of cells from line @entity48401 , arrested and able to survive for 14 days in lungs, than cells from line F1. In contrast, cells from either line F1Lr-6 or F10Lr-6 had a lower incidence of arrest and survival than their lymphocyte-sensitive counterparts.

title: Characterization in vivo and in vitro of XXXX cells selected for resistance to syngeneic lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Gene therapy is one of the most important aspects of molecular targeted therapeutic approaches for @entity5 . A small molecule targeting carrier plays an important role in this process. PI, a new peptide found in our phage library, has been specifically suggested, combined with the @entity1 triple-negative @entity0 cell line MDA-MB  -231, and may be developed as a targeting/individualization therapy strategy to be applied in @entity0 research. In this study, we further investigated whether this peptide could carry exogenous protein to the target cells by forming a fusion peptide. PI-GST and PI-TK were cloned into plasmids and used for expression studies, analyses of PI-mediated protein delivery efficiency, and to investigations into the effect of PI on @entity1014 kinase/ @entity4540 -mediated @entity137 . Biodistribution profiles were also investigated in vivo. The results showed the PI fusion protein was expressed correctly in vitro, and could carry GST into the target cells. Under certain conditions, PI-TK sensitizes cells to @entity4540 more efficiently than TK. In vivo there was a trend for increased inhibition of @entity5 growth with PI-TK when @entity4540 was present. Therefore, our results suggest the potential of PI as a new specific target carrier in @entity0 therapy.

title: Characterization of PI ( XXXX cell special peptide) in MDA-MB-231 @entity0 cells and its potential therapeutic applications.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Gene therapy is one of the most important aspects of molecular targeted therapeutic approaches for @entity5 . A small molecule targeting carrier plays an important role in this process. PI, a new peptide found in our phage library, has been specifically suggested, combined with the @entity1 triple-negative @entity0 cell line MDA-MB  -231, and may be developed as a targeting/individualization therapy strategy to be applied in @entity0 research. In this study, we further investigated whether this peptide could carry exogenous protein to the target cells by forming a fusion peptide. PI-GST and PI-TK were cloned into plasmids and used for expression studies, analyses of PI-mediated protein delivery efficiency, and to investigations into the effect of PI on @entity1014 kinase/ @entity4540 -mediated @entity137 . Biodistribution profiles were also investigated in vivo. The results showed the PI fusion protein was expressed correctly in vitro, and could carry GST into the target cells. Under certain conditions, PI-TK sensitizes cells to @entity4540 more efficiently than TK. In vivo there was a trend for increased inhibition of @entity5 growth with PI-TK when @entity4540 was present. Therefore, our results suggest the potential of PI as a new specific target carrier in @entity0 therapy.

title: Characterization of PI ( @entity0 cell special peptide) in MDA-MB-231 XXXX cells and its potential therapeutic applications.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Engulfment of the forespore by the mother cell is a universal feature of endosporulation. In @entity3881 , the forespore protein SpoIIQ and the mother cell protein SpoIIIAH form a channel, essential for endosporulation through which the developing spore is nurtured. The two proteins also form a backup system for engulfment. Unlike in @entity3881 , SpoIIQ of @entity2718 has intact LytM @entity219 -binding motifs. We show that spoIIQ or spoIIIAH deletion mutants of @entity2718 result in anomalous engulfment, and that disruption of the SpoIIQ LytM domain via a single @entity3689 substitution ( @entity70769 ) impairs engulfment differently. SpoIIQ and SpoIIQ( @entity70769 ) interact with SpoIIIAH throughout engulfment. SpoIIQ, but not SpoIIQ( @entity70769 ) , binds @entity8862 , and metal absence alters the SpoIIQ-SpoIIIAH complex in vitro. Possibly, SpoIIQ( @entity70769 ) supports normal engulfment in some cells but not a second function of the complex, required following engulfment completion. We show that cells of the spoIIQ or spoIIIAH mutants that complete engulfment are impaired in post-engulfment, forespore and mother cell-specific gene expression, suggesting a channel-like function. Both engulfment and a channel-like function may be ancestral functions of SpoIIQ-SpoIIIAH while the requirement for engulfment was alleviated through the emergence of redundant mechanisms in @entity3881 and related organisms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: The SpoIIQ-SpoIIIAH complex of XXXX controls forespore engulfment and late stages of gene expression and spore morphogenesis.

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B. subtilis']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) are a surgery-sparing option for malignant @entity694 . They can be inserted as a "bridge to surgery" (BTS) for potentially curable disease, or as a palliative measure, thereby avoiding the higher morbidity and mortality associated with surgery. The objective of this study was to report our local experience of left-sided colonic stents. METHODS: Data on 49 @entity1 was collected retrospectively from Oct 2008 to Nov 2014 at our @entity5 centre. This included demographics, baseline clinical characteristics, indications for @entity1702 placement (bridge to surgery/palliative), technical and clinical success, complications, and the mean patency of duration. Survival in both groups was also plotted on a Kaplan-Meier chart. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) of the left side were enrolled. The mean age was 50  years (range 18-86). Ninety percent of @entity1 had disease involving the rectum, sigmoid colon, or both. Forty-seven percent (n   =   23) of @entity1 had stent insertion as a BTS, whereas 53  % (n   =   26) had the procedure with palliative intent. Technical and clinical success rates were 96  and 88  %, respectively. The clinical success rate of the palliative arm was lower than that of the BTS arm (p   =   0.024). 87.5  % (n   =   42) had no procedure-related complications. Technical failure, perforation, and stent migration/expulsion, were each observed in 4  % of cases. Mean stent patency duration was 83.9  days. CONCLUSION: @entity1702 insertion for left-sided malignant @entity694 is a safe and effective procedure when used either as a bridge to surgery or with palliative intent.

title: @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) in Left-Sided XXXX -a @entity5 Center Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['Self-Expanding Metallic Stents', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic obstruction']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colonic Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) are a surgery-sparing option for malignant @entity694 . They can be inserted as a "bridge to surgery" (BTS) for potentially curable disease, or as a palliative measure, thereby avoiding the higher morbidity and mortality associated with surgery. The objective of this study was to report our local experience of left-sided colonic stents. METHODS: Data on 49 @entity1 was collected retrospectively from Oct 2008 to Nov 2014 at our @entity5 centre. This included demographics, baseline clinical characteristics, indications for @entity1702 placement (bridge to surgery/palliative), technical and clinical success, complications, and the mean patency of duration. Survival in both groups was also plotted on a Kaplan-Meier chart. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) of the left side were enrolled. The mean age was 50  years (range 18-86). Ninety percent of @entity1 had disease involving the rectum, sigmoid colon, or both. Forty-seven percent (n   =   23) of @entity1 had stent insertion as a BTS, whereas 53  % (n   =   26) had the procedure with palliative intent. Technical and clinical success rates were 96  and 88  %, respectively. The clinical success rate of the palliative arm was lower than that of the BTS arm (p   =   0.024). 87.5  % (n   =   42) had no procedure-related complications. Technical failure, perforation, and stent migration/expulsion, were each observed in 4  % of cases. Mean stent patency duration was 83.9  days. CONCLUSION: @entity1702 insertion for left-sided malignant @entity694 is a safe and effective procedure when used either as a bridge to surgery or with palliative intent.

title: XXXX ( @entity1702 ) in Left-Sided @entity694 -a @entity5 Center Experience.

answer: @entity1702 :: (MESH:D013651,Disease) :: ['Self-Expanding Metallic Stents']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) are a surgery-sparing option for malignant @entity694 . They can be inserted as a "bridge to surgery" (BTS) for potentially curable disease, or as a palliative measure, thereby avoiding the higher morbidity and mortality associated with surgery. The objective of this study was to report our local experience of left-sided colonic stents. METHODS: Data on 49 @entity1 was collected retrospectively from Oct 2008 to Nov 2014 at our @entity5 centre. This included demographics, baseline clinical characteristics, indications for @entity1702 placement (bridge to surgery/palliative), technical and clinical success, complications, and the mean patency of duration. Survival in both groups was also plotted on a Kaplan-Meier chart. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) of the left side were enrolled. The mean age was 50  years (range 18-86). Ninety percent of @entity1 had disease involving the rectum, sigmoid colon, or both. Forty-seven percent (n   =   23) of @entity1 had stent insertion as a BTS, whereas 53  % (n   =   26) had the procedure with palliative intent. Technical and clinical success rates were 96  and 88  %, respectively. The clinical success rate of the palliative arm was lower than that of the BTS arm (p   =   0.024). 87.5  % (n   =   42) had no procedure-related complications. Technical failure, perforation, and stent migration/expulsion, were each observed in 4  % of cases. Mean stent patency duration was 83.9  days. CONCLUSION: @entity1702 insertion for left-sided malignant @entity694 is a safe and effective procedure when used either as a bridge to surgery or with palliative intent.

title: @entity1702 ( XXXX ) in Left-Sided @entity694 -a @entity5 Center Experience.

answer: @entity1702 :: (MESH:D013651,Disease) :: ['SEMS']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) are a surgery-sparing option for malignant @entity694 . They can be inserted as a "bridge to surgery" (BTS) for potentially curable disease, or as a palliative measure, thereby avoiding the higher morbidity and mortality associated with surgery. The objective of this study was to report our local experience of left-sided colonic stents. METHODS: Data on 49 @entity1 was collected retrospectively from Oct 2008 to Nov 2014 at our @entity5 centre. This included demographics, baseline clinical characteristics, indications for @entity1702 placement (bridge to surgery/palliative), technical and clinical success, complications, and the mean patency of duration. Survival in both groups was also plotted on a Kaplan-Meier chart. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) of the left side were enrolled. The mean age was 50  years (range 18-86). Ninety percent of @entity1 had disease involving the rectum, sigmoid colon, or both. Forty-seven percent (n   =   23) of @entity1 had stent insertion as a BTS, whereas 53  % (n   =   26) had the procedure with palliative intent. Technical and clinical success rates were 96  and 88  %, respectively. The clinical success rate of the palliative arm was lower than that of the BTS arm (p   =   0.024). 87.5  % (n   =   42) had no procedure-related complications. Technical failure, perforation, and stent migration/expulsion, were each observed in 4  % of cases. Mean stent patency duration was 83.9  days. CONCLUSION: @entity1702 insertion for left-sided malignant @entity694 is a safe and effective procedure when used either as a bridge to surgery or with palliative intent.

title: @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) in Left-Sided @entity694 -a XXXX Center Experience.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods on the allergenicity of cockle and to identify proteins most frequently bound by IgE antibodies using a proteomics approach. Raw, boiled, fried and roasted extracts of the cockle were prepared. The protein profiles of the extracts were obtained by separation using @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE) and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). IgE-immunoblotting was then performed with the use of individual sera from @entity1 with @entity566 and the major IgE-binding proteins were analyzed by mass-spectrometry. @entity214 -PAGE of raw extract showed 13 protein bands. Smaller numbers of protein bands were detected in the boiled, fried and roasted extracts. The 2-DE gel profile of the raw extract further separated the protein bands to ~50 protein spots with molecular masses between 13 to 180 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) values ranging from 3 to 10. Immunoblotting of raw extract exhibited 11 IgE-binding proteins with two proteins of 36 and 40 kDa as the major IgE-binding proteins, while the boiled extract revealed 3 IgE-binding proteins. Fried and roasted extracts only showed a single IgE-binding protein at 36 kDa. 2-DE immunoblotting of raw extract demonstrated 5 to 20 IgE reactive spots. Mass spectrometry analysis led to identification of 2 important allergens, tropomyosin (36 kDa) and @entity369 kinase (40 kDa). Heated extracts showed a reduction in the number of IgE-reactive bands compared with raw extract, which suggest that thermal treatment can be used as a tool in attempting to reduce cockle allergenicity. The degree of allergenicity of cockle was demonstrated in the order raw > boiled > fried     roasted. Two important allergens reacting with more than 50% of @entity1 ' sera identified using mass spectrometric approaches were tropomyosin and @entity369 kinase. Thus, allergens found in this study would help in component based diagnosis, management of @entity56 @entity1 and to the standardisation of allergenic test products as tools in molecular allergology.

title: Malaysian cockle (Anadara granosa) XXXX : Identification of IgE-binding proteins and effects of different cooking methods.

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['cockle allergy']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['cockle allergic']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate', 'SDS']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the peripheral retinal changes of anterior @entity1596 @entity1 using ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography. METHODS: Retrospective case series study. Thirty-three eyes of 20 @entity1 diagnosed as anterior @entity1596 from September to November 2013 in the ophthalmic clinic of Peking University First Hospital was included. All the @entity1 underwent routine ocular examination, followed by ultra-wide field Fluorescein. RESULTS: There were 13 male @entity1 and 7 female @entity1 , aged 23-66, an average of 46 years old. The anterior @entity1596 recurrent in both eyes in 13 @entity1 and only one eye in 7 @entity1 . @entity1596 duration ranging from months to 30 years. Twenty eyes were at the active stage of the anterior @entity1596 while 13 eyes in the quiescent stage. @entity989 was detected in 57.6% (19/33) of the eyes, among which in eyes with @entity989 was 75% (15/20), and in eyes with quiescent disease the rate was 30.8% (4/13). Optic disk hyperfluorescence was found in 6 of 20 eyes with active disease. @entity1103 was found in 4 eyes. In addition, peripheral retinal hyperfluorescence dot and zone were detected in 2 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral retinal vessels were detected to have inflammative leakage in @entity1 of anterior @entity1596 by ultra-wide field @entity941 agiography. @entity989 may still exist even in the quiescent stage of the anterior @entity1596 .

title: [The clinical investigation of peripheral retinal changes of anterior XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['Cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['active disease the rate of peripheral retinal vessels leakage', 'Peripheral retinal inflammation', 'Peripheral retinal vessels leakage']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: @entity1596 is an @entity32 which involves the uvea, retina, retinal vessel and vitreous body. The disease mainly affects middle age and young @entity1 with a variety of clinical manifestations and is often recurrent. If not treated properly, it will cause @entity227 and even @entity1939 . Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD- @entity6653 ) is a noninvasive examination which provides clear images quickly without contacting the eyes. As the development of @entity6653 , we can obtain the sectional images with similar resolution as histological examination. Especially, when the enhanced depth image @entity6653 (EDI- @entity6653 ) was used in clinical, the structures of choroid could also be detected. Therefore, @entity6653 was used more and more in @entity1596 @entity1 . Anterior segment @entity6653 (AS- @entity6653 ) is used to evaluate the @entity32 in anterior chamber. It also can provide the changes of iris and corneal structures during acute phase and recovery period. SD- @entity6653 can clearly display many kinds of @entity989 in @entity1 with @entity1596 including macular @entity4 and the changes of retinal thickness. EDI- @entity6653 can be used to observe the changes of retina and choroid at the same time. In particular, the measurement of choroidal thickness can be used to evaluate the choroidal changes and the degree of the response to treatment. Therefore, SD- @entity6653 helps to diagnose @entity1596 and is easily used in the disease follow-up and treatment effect observation.

title: [The application of optical coherence tomography in XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: @entity1596 is an @entity32 which involves the uvea, retina, retinal vessel and vitreous body. The disease mainly affects middle age and young @entity1 with a variety of clinical manifestations and is often recurrent. If not treated properly, it will cause @entity227 and even @entity1939 . Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD- @entity6653 ) is a noninvasive examination which provides clear images quickly without contacting the eyes. As the development of @entity6653 , we can obtain the sectional images with similar resolution as histological examination. Especially, when the enhanced depth image @entity6653 (EDI- @entity6653 ) was used in clinical, the structures of choroid could also be detected. Therefore, @entity6653 was used more and more in @entity1596 @entity1 . Anterior segment @entity6653 (AS- @entity6653 ) is used to evaluate the @entity32 in anterior chamber. It also can provide the changes of iris and corneal structures during acute phase and recovery period. SD- @entity6653 can clearly display many kinds of @entity989 in @entity1 with @entity1596 including macular @entity4 and the changes of retinal thickness. EDI- @entity6653 can be used to observe the changes of retina and choroid at the same time. In particular, the measurement of choroidal thickness can be used to evaluate the choroidal changes and the degree of the response to treatment. Therefore, SD- @entity6653 helps to diagnose @entity1596 and is easily used in the disease follow-up and treatment effect observation.

title: [The application of optical coherence tomography in @entity1596 XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This randomized, multicenter study compared the relative efficacy of renal denervation (RDN) versus pharmacotherapy alone in @entity1 with true resistant @entity101 and assessed the effect of @entity1482 addition. We present here the 12-month data. A total of 106 @entity1 with true resistant @entity101 were enrolled in this study: 52 @entity1 were randomized to RDN and 54 @entity1 to the @entity1482 addition, with baseline systolic blood pressure of 159  17 and 155  17 mm Hg and average number of drugs 5.1 and 5.4, respectively. Twelve-month results are available in 101 @entity1 . The intention-to-treat analysis found a comparable mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure decline of 6.4 mm Hg, P=0.001 in RDN versus 8.2 mm Hg, P=0.002 in the pharmacotherapy group. Per-protocol analysis revealed a significant difference of 24-hour systolic blood pressure decline between complete RDN (6.3 mm Hg, P=0.004) and the subgroup where @entity1482 was added, and this continued within the 12 months (15 mm Hg, P= 0.003). Renal artery computed tomography angiograms before and after 1 year post-RDN did not reveal any relevant changes. This study shows that over a period of 12 months, RDN is safe, with no serious side effects and no major changes in the renal arteries. RDN in the settings of true resistant @entity101 with confirmed compliance is not superior to intensified pharmacological treatment. @entity1482 addition (if tolerated) seems to be more effective in blood pressure reduction.

title: Role of Adding @entity1482 and Renal Denervation in True Resistant XXXX : One-Year Outcomes of Randomized PRAGUE-15 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone', 'Spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This randomized, multicenter study compared the relative efficacy of renal denervation (RDN) versus pharmacotherapy alone in @entity1 with true resistant @entity101 and assessed the effect of @entity1482 addition. We present here the 12-month data. A total of 106 @entity1 with true resistant @entity101 were enrolled in this study: 52 @entity1 were randomized to RDN and 54 @entity1 to the @entity1482 addition, with baseline systolic blood pressure of 159  17 and 155  17 mm Hg and average number of drugs 5.1 and 5.4, respectively. Twelve-month results are available in 101 @entity1 . The intention-to-treat analysis found a comparable mean 24-hour systolic blood pressure decline of 6.4 mm Hg, P=0.001 in RDN versus 8.2 mm Hg, P=0.002 in the pharmacotherapy group. Per-protocol analysis revealed a significant difference of 24-hour systolic blood pressure decline between complete RDN (6.3 mm Hg, P=0.004) and the subgroup where @entity1482 was added, and this continued within the 12 months (15 mm Hg, P= 0.003). Renal artery computed tomography angiograms before and after 1 year post-RDN did not reveal any relevant changes. This study shows that over a period of 12 months, RDN is safe, with no serious side effects and no major changes in the renal arteries. RDN in the settings of true resistant @entity101 with confirmed compliance is not superior to intensified pharmacological treatment. @entity1482 addition (if tolerated) seems to be more effective in blood pressure reduction.

title: Role of Adding XXXX and Renal Denervation in True Resistant @entity101 : One-Year Outcomes of Randomized PRAGUE-15 Study.

answer: @entity1482 :: (MESH:D013148,Chemical) :: ['Spironolactone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2028 and tracheobronchitis are diagnosed frequently following lung transplantation. The diseases share clinical signs of @entity32 and are often difficult to differentiate based on culture results. Microbiome and host immune response signatures that distinguish between @entity55 and tracheobronchitis are undefined. Using a retrospective study design, we selected 49 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from 16 lung transplant recipients diagnosed with @entity55 (n=8), tracheobronchitis (n=12) or colonization without @entity1729 (n=29). We ensured an even distribution of @entity796 or @entity794 culture-positive samples across the groups. Bayesian regression analysis identified non-culture based signatures comprising 16S rRNA microbiome profiles, cytokine levels, and clinical variables that characterized the three diagnoses. Relative to samples associated with colonization, those from @entity55 had significantly lower microbial diversity, decreased levels of several bacterial genera, and prominent multifunctional cytokine responses. In contrast, tracheobronchitis was characterized by high microbial diversity and multifunctional cytokine responses that differed from those of @entity694 comparisons. The dissimilar microbiomes and cytokine responses underlying @entity2028 and tracheobronchitis following lung transplantation suggest that the diseases result from different pathogenic processes. Microbiomes and cytokine responses had complementary features, suggesting that they are closely inter-connected in the pathogenesis of both diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Looking beyond respiratory cultures: Microbiome-cytokine signatures of XXXX and tracheobronchitis in lung transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial pneumonia', 'bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia-colonization']

answer: @entity2028 :: (MESH:D018410,Disease) :: ['bacterial pneumonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Transcatheter MitraClip repair is a new tool for the management of severe @entity339 in @entity1 at very high risk for conventional surgery. Aim of our study was reporting one-year clinical outcomes in candidates to MitraClip procedures, divided into three groups according to the cardiovascular medicine @entity712 (CVM-HF) index. The study population consists of 46 consecutive @entity1 , divided, in accordance with CVM-HF index, as follows: one @entity1 in the low-risk category (group A); 27 @entity1 in the medium-risk (group B) and 18 @entity1 in high-risk category (group C). The primary study endpoint was a combined of all-cause mortality and re-hospitalization rate. Secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality. @entity1 of group B and group C were compared. Regarding the primary endpoint, @entity1 in group C had significantly poorer outcomes than @entity1 in group B, with a 12-month survival freedom from events of 44.4   and 74.1  %, respectively (log-rank test, p  =  0.039); survival freedom from cardiac mortality was 100 and 83.3  % in group B and C, respectively (log-rank test, p  =  0.027). One-year survival free from re-hospitalization was 74.1  % in group B and 39.9  % in group C (log-rank test; p  =  0.036). Survival free from all-cause of mortality was 92.6 and 77.8  %, respectively (log-rank test; p  =  0.129). In our initial experience the CVM-HF index showed to be valuable for understanding if the @entity1 with advanced @entity712 and functional @entity339 can really benefit by MitraClip therapy.

title: Cardiovascular medicine XXXX (CVM-HF) index as prognostic model for candidates to MitraClip therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is well known for its propensity to metastasize to unusual sites, even after 10 years. Gallbladder @entity3 are extremely rare, being found in approximately 0.6% of cases, at autopsy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old @entity1 with a history of right @entity1358 underwent total nephrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy, in another Hospital. Three years later, he was hospitalized at our Hospital, with gallbladder @entity3 detected during a follow-up CT scan. At clinical examination, the @entity1 did not present any symptoms or signs of @entity1085 . Several imaging tests were performed to better characterize the lesion. A successful cholecystectomy and hepatic resection of 4b segment were performed, obtaining a R0 resection. The clinical course was uneventful, without any complications. After a 7-month follow-up, the @entity1 is free from disease. DISCUSSION: A typical @entity3 are those located in a site other than thoracic, skeletal, hepatic, adrenal or encephalic tissue. Cholecystectomy with R0 resection has demonstrated to be the only factor increasing survival, mainly in isolated cases of @entity3 , providing an overall 35-60% survival rate at 5 years. CONCLUSION: In the follow-up of @entity1 with a positive history of @entity1358 specially clear cell subtype, all new finding should be taken into account as possible @entity3 . We ought to consider US and CT-scan behavior of gallbladder metastatic disease in order to orientate our diagnosis. Surgery for metastatic @entity1085 of renal origin seems to be a feasible therapy which is capable of increasing @entity1 ' overall survival.

title: Gallbladder's XXXX @entity3 : A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is well known for its propensity to metastasize to unusual sites, even after 10 years. Gallbladder @entity3 are extremely rare, being found in approximately 0.6% of cases, at autopsy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old @entity1 with a history of right @entity1358 underwent total nephrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy, in another Hospital. Three years later, he was hospitalized at our Hospital, with gallbladder @entity3 detected during a follow-up CT scan. At clinical examination, the @entity1 did not present any symptoms or signs of @entity1085 . Several imaging tests were performed to better characterize the lesion. A successful cholecystectomy and hepatic resection of 4b segment were performed, obtaining a R0 resection. The clinical course was uneventful, without any complications. After a 7-month follow-up, the @entity1 is free from disease. DISCUSSION: A typical @entity3 are those located in a site other than thoracic, skeletal, hepatic, adrenal or encephalic tissue. Cholecystectomy with R0 resection has demonstrated to be the only factor increasing survival, mainly in isolated cases of @entity3 , providing an overall 35-60% survival rate at 5 years. CONCLUSION: In the follow-up of @entity1 with a positive history of @entity1358 specially clear cell subtype, all new finding should be taken into account as possible @entity3 . We ought to consider US and CT-scan behavior of gallbladder metastatic disease in order to orientate our diagnosis. Surgery for metastatic @entity1085 of renal origin seems to be a feasible therapy which is capable of increasing @entity1 ' overall survival.

title: Gallbladder's @entity1358 XXXX : A case report.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimal surgical treatment for @entity2869 remains controversial. Studies in @entity1 are uncommon with overall high postoperative recurrence and @entity281 rates (20%). Our unit adopted a technique for excision of the @entity2869 with primary midline closure using a full-thickness flap. We present our results of this technique in the pediatric age group. METHODS: Single-center retrospective review and telephone follow-up was performed, including all @entity1 undergoing @entity2869 from 2005 to 2014 using the same operative technique and preoperative/postoperative care. RESULTS: 19 @entity1 were identified. Median age was 15years, and 47% were male. All had previously infected sinuses, with 5 requiring abscess drainage. Median follow-up was 13months (3.5-67months). Histology confirmed @entity2869 in 18/19 cases (one developmental @entity600 excluded from subsequent analysis). Recurrence requiring further surgery occurred in 4/18 (22%) @entity1 at a median of 9months (range 8-36), wound dehiscence in 8/18 (44%), and wound @entity281 in 5/18 (28%) cases. Laser hair removal of the natal cleft was performed in 7/18 (39%) @entity1 with no further recurrence. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of this technique in @entity1 which showed a higher incidence of complications than a comparable adult study. Our study underlines the importance of accurate long-term outcomes when introducing new techniques to evaluate operation-associated morbidity. Our preliminary results of laser hair removal are promising but need to be evaluated with a prospective study.

title: Improving outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal sinus', 'pilonidal sinus disease', 'pilonidal sinus excision']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14625 (MG) is formed during normal metabolism by processes like glycolysis, lipid peroxidation, and @entity1889 catabolism, and its accumulation is associated with various @entity179 , such as @entity6 and arterial atherogenesis. Furthermore, MG has also been reported to have toxic effects on hippocampal neurons. However, these effects have not been studied in the context of neurogenesis. Here, we report that MG adversely affects hippocampal neurogenesis and induces neural progenitor cell (NPC) @entity204 . MG significantly reduced C17.2 NPC proliferation, and high concentration of MG (500   M) induced cell @entity204 and elevated oxidative stress. Further, MG was found to activate the ERK signaling pathway, indicating elevated stress response. To determine the effects of MG in vivo, @entity19 were administrated with vehicle or MG (0.5 or 1  % in drinking water) for 4  weeks. The numbers of BrdU-positive cells in hippocampi were significantly lower in MG-treated @entity19 , indicating impaired neurogenesis, but MG did not induce @entity528 or glial activations. Interestingly, MG reduced memory retention when administered to @entity19 at 1  % but not at 0.5  %. In addition, the levels of hippocampal @entity9140 and @entity25242 were significantly lower in the hippocampi of @entity19 treated with MG at 1  %. Collectively, our findings suggest MG could be harmful to NPCs and to hippocampal neurogenesis.

title: XXXX Causes Cell Death in Neural Progenitor Cells and Impairs Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity14625 :: (MESH:D011765,Chemical) :: ['Methylglyoxal']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vital signs play a critical role in prioritizing @entity1 in @entity341 ( @entity341 ), and are the foundation of most triage methods and disposition decisions. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of vital signs documentation anytime during emergency department treatment and to explore if abnormal vital signs were associated with the likelihood of admission for a set of common presenting complaints. METHODS: Data were collected over a four-month period from the @entity341 of seven urban tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan. The variables included age, sex, hospital type (government run vs. private), presenting complaint, @entity2613 vital signs, and final disposition. @entity1 who were >12 years of age were included in the analysis. The data were analyzed to describe the proportion of @entity1 with documented vitals signs, which was then crossed-tabulated with top the ten presenting complaints to identify high-acuity @entity1 and correlation with their admission status. RESULTS: A total of 274,436 @entity1 were captured in the Pakistan National Emergency Department Surveillance (Pak-NEDS), out of which 259,288 @entity1 were included in our study. Vital signs information was available for 90,569 (34.9%) @entity1 and the most commonly recorded vitals sign was pulse (25.7%). Important information such as level of consciousness was missing in the majority of @entity1 with @entity542 . Based on available information, only 13.3% with @entity662 , 12.8% with @entity221 and 12.8% @entity1 with @entity294 could be classified as high-acuity. In addition, hospital admission rates were two- to four-times higher among @entity1 with abnormal vital signs, compared with those with normal vital signs. CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 seen in the @entity341 in Pakistan did not have any documented vital signs during their visit. Where available, the presence of abnormal vital signs were associated with higher chances of admission to the hospital for the most common presenting symptoms.

title: How vital are the vital signs? a multi-center observational study from XXXX of Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency departments']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2479 ( @entity2479 ) has been known as a variant of exudative @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) with a unfavorable prognosis. To evaluate the effect of ranibizumab administered initially as three loading doses for @entity1 with various stages of @entity2479 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 40 @entity1 (41 eyes) with @entity2479 was conducted. The study divided @entity1 into three groups of Group I (8 eyes in stage I), Group II (17eyes in stage II), and Group III (16 eyes in stage III). All @entity1 received three initial monthly intravitreal injections (0.5  mg) of ranibizumab and were monitored monthly for 12  months. Reinjection of ranibizumab after three initial monthly doses was administered on as-needed basis. The main outcome measures were the change in the mean of best-corrected Snellen visual acuity (BCVA) and @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), and the total number of injections received during the 12  months. RESULTS: The mean change in BCVA at 12  months was-0.286,-0.165, and-0.151 (logMAR) in Group I, II, and III, respectively. @entity1020 was also reduced by a mean of 32.72        56.75, 57.45        56.48 and 148.37        98.59   m. The mean number of injections in Group I was significant lower than those in Group II and III (P   <   0.001, P   <   0.001, and P   =   0.15 for Group I versus Group II, Group I versus Group III, and Group II versus Group III, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The 12-month follow-up outcomes suggest that three consecutive loading doses of intravitreal ranibizumab is an effective treatment on early stage (stage I) of @entity2479 . @entity1 in stage I showed a significantly lower recurrence rate than @entity1 in later stages.

title: One year results of intravitreal ranibizumab monotherapy for XXXX : a comparative analysis based on disease stages.

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness', 'AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal angiomatous proliferation', 'RAP']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal angiomatous proliferation']