abstract: Electrodiagnostic (EDX) patterns of @entity51 have been based on axonal/demyelinating criteria requiring prior assumptions. This has not produced classifications of desired sensitivity or specificity. Furthermore, standard nerve conduction studies have limited reproducibility. New methodologies in EDX seem important. Recurrent Quantification Analysis (RQA) is a nonlinear method for examining patterns of recurrence. RQA might provide a unique method for the EDX evaluation of @entity16 . RQA was used to analyze F-wave recordings from the abductor hallucis muscle in 61 @entity1 with @entity16 . Twenty-nine of these @entity1 had @entity6 as the sole cause of their @entity16 . In the other 32 @entity1 , the etiologies of the @entity16 were diverse. Commonly used EDX variables were also recorded. RQA data could separate the 29 @entity1 with @entity3949 from the other 32 @entity1 (P < 0.009). Statistically significant differences in two EDX variables were also present: compound muscle action potential amplitudes (P < 0.007) and F-wave persistence (P < 0.001). RQA analysis of F-waves seemed able to distinguish @entity3949 from the other @entity16 studied, and this separation was associated with specific physiological abnormalities. This study would therefore support the idea that RQA of F-waves can distinguish between types of @entity51 based on EDX data alone without prior assumptions.

title: Recurrence Quantification Analysis of F-Waves and the Evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic dysfunction']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neuropathies']


abstract: @entity3167 ( @entity33944 ) is a biomarker of @entity66 . In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary @entity33944 may improve cardiometabolic indices. A high fat diet (HFD) + @entity33944 (50 or 400   mg/kg BW/day) was fed to @entity35 and compared with HFD + @entity3413 (10   mg/kg BW/day) or HFD alone for 12 weeks. Weights and serum biochemicals (lipid profile, oral @entity413 tolerance test, leptin, adiponectin, and insulin) were measured, and mRNA levels of insulin signaling genes were determined. The results indicated that low and high doses of @entity3167 (SA) improved metabolic indices, although only the oral @entity413 tolerance test, serum @entity1674 , leptin, and adiponectin were significantly better than those in the HFD and HFD + @entity3413 groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that only high-dose SA significantly affected the transcription of hepatic and adipose tissue insulin signaling genes. The data suggested that SA prevented HFD-induced insulin resistance in @entity35 after 12 weeks of administration through nontranscriptionally mediated biochemical changes that may have differentially sialylated glycoprotein structures at a low dose. At higher doses, SA induced transcriptional regulation of insulin signaling genes. These effects suggest that low and high doses of SA may produce similar metabolic outcomes in relation to insulin sensitivity through multiple mechanisms. These findings are worth studying further.

title: XXXX Supplementation Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in @entity35 through Transcriptional and Nontranscriptional Mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid', 'N-Acetylneuraminic acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3167 :: (MESH:D019158,Chemical) :: ['N-Acetylneuraminic Acid']


abstract: @entity3167 ( @entity33944 ) is a biomarker of @entity66 . In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary @entity33944 may improve cardiometabolic indices. A high fat diet (HFD) + @entity33944 (50 or 400   mg/kg BW/day) was fed to @entity35 and compared with HFD + @entity3413 (10   mg/kg BW/day) or HFD alone for 12 weeks. Weights and serum biochemicals (lipid profile, oral @entity413 tolerance test, leptin, adiponectin, and insulin) were measured, and mRNA levels of insulin signaling genes were determined. The results indicated that low and high doses of @entity3167 (SA) improved metabolic indices, although only the oral @entity413 tolerance test, serum @entity1674 , leptin, and adiponectin were significantly better than those in the HFD and HFD + @entity3413 groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that only high-dose SA significantly affected the transcription of hepatic and adipose tissue insulin signaling genes. The data suggested that SA prevented HFD-induced insulin resistance in @entity35 after 12 weeks of administration through nontranscriptionally mediated biochemical changes that may have differentially sialylated glycoprotein structures at a low dose. At higher doses, SA induced transcriptional regulation of insulin signaling genes. These effects suggest that low and high doses of SA may produce similar metabolic outcomes in relation to insulin sensitivity through multiple mechanisms. These findings are worth studying further.

title: @entity3167 Supplementation Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in XXXX through Transcriptional and Nontranscriptional Mechanisms.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity0 is the result of many factors, among which the mass of the @entity5 at the time of diagnosis remains the most significant: small @entity5 have a better prognosis than larger ones and are less often accompanied by positive lymph nodes. It is therefore justifiable to search for them systematically by breast examination of all @entity1 over 30. Large-scale mass screening campains in the USA, with clinical and mammographic examination of tens of thousands of @entity1 , have proven that it is possible to detect more "early" @entity5 and reduce general mortality in the groups studied. The number of @entity5 thus detected is nevertheless so small that it does not justify the investment of so much labour and money in this kind of campaign. Systematic breast examination at regular intervals (6 months to 1 year) with regular mammographies should be confined to @entity1 in the high risk groups: @entity1 who have already undergone surgery for @entity5 of one breast, and @entity1 with a marked family history of @entity0 . For the rest of the female population, the solution seems obvious: every physician should get into the habit of performing regular clinical examination of the breasts. Most gynecologists are already doing so, but they only examine a small part of the population. The most important role in the detection of @entity0 falls to the internists and the general practitioners: they should assume responsibility for all their @entity1 ' breasts, in the same manner as they do for heart and lung examinations. They will then request additional examinations (mammography, thermography) as soon as clinical examination reveals a pathological finding. The results of GILBERTSEN [5] confirm that clinical examination remains the most valuable and least expensive method for @entity0 detection.

title: [Usefulness of detection of XXXX : the part played by the internist].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prevalence of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is estimated to be 3-7.5% in @entity1 and 2-3% in @entity1 . In mentally ill population it is even higher, as these @entity1 are a high risk @entity27 group. The aim of the paper was a review of literature about the prevalence of @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity161 , @entity162 and recurrent @entity308 .The available data show that @entity27 is present in 15-48% of @entity1 with @entity161 , 21-43% of @entity1 with @entity162 and 11-18% of @entity1 with recurrent @entity308 . The lack of diagnosis of @entity27 in @entity1 with mental illnesses has multiple negative consequences. The symptoms of @entity25 might imitate the symptoms of mental illnesses such as negative symptoms of @entity161 and symptoms of @entity308 , they might as well aggravate the @entity73 . A number of the drugs used in @entity146 may aggravate the symptoms of @entity27 . @entity27 is as well the risk factor for cardiovascular and @entity209 which are a serious clinical problem in mentally ill @entity1 and contribute to shortening of their expected lifespan. From the point of view of the physicians treating @entity27 it is important to pay attention to the fact that co-existing @entity308 is the most common reason for resistant @entity25 in @entity27 @entity1 treated effectively with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). CPAP therapy leads to significant improvement of mood. However, in @entity161 and @entity162 @entity1 it may rarely lead to acute worsening of mental state, exacerbation of @entity716 symptoms or phase shift from @entity308 to @entity162 .

title: Obstructive sleep apnea in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'mania', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea', 'daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: The introduction of the ventricular inhibited pulse generator with the feature of rate hysteresis has been associated with a variety of rhythm disturbances, some causing serious concern. This pulse generator has two different pacing rates: (1) the automatic rate, which is the interval between two successive paced beats (usually 860 msec or 70/min), and (2) the hysteresis interval, which results in a 1,000 msec delay between a sensed cardiac contraction and the next pacemaker discharge. The hysteresis interval after a sensed signal may result in long pauses that may predispose to the development of serious @entity943 . Two examples of this type of complication were recently observed. One @entity1 had bigeminal rhythm with mechanically ineffective cardiac contractions and an effective cardiac rate of 35/min; he experienced @entity1353 and @entity425 during these prolonged episodes. Another @entity1 had repeated episodes of @entity2224 . The @entity943 were not controlled by antiarrhythmic agents, and both @entity1 required replacement of the pulse generator. The proposed advantages of pulse generator hysteresis are (1) prolongation of battery life, and (2) maintenance of effective atrial transport; these advantages may be outweighed by undesirable @entity943 that may be associated with this mode of pacemaker function. Rate hysteresis cardiac pacemakers should be reserved for @entity1 having predominantly sinus rhythm without ventricular irritability. In @entity1 with frequent ectopic ventricular activity, @entity955 or high degree @entity713 , the rate hysteresis pacemaker offers no advantage over the conventional demand pacemaker. For @entity1 with frequent ectopic ventricular activity not easily controlled by antiarrhythmic agents, consideration should be given to the use of a permanent demand pacemaker with external rate control, which may provide greater flexibility in @entity943 management.

title: Undesirable XXXX associated with rate hysteresis pacemakers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']


abstract: AIMS: The study aimed to examine five-year clinical outcomes of complete (CR), partially complete (PCR), and incomplete revascularisation (ICR) in @entity1 with unprotected left main @entity453 treated with @entity734 ( @entity734 ). @entity1939 , defined as revascularisation of all vessels >= 1.5 or 2.5 mm in diameter, has been shown to correlate with outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There are no data to compare revascularisation strategies on long-term clinical outcomes in @entity1 undergoing PCI of @entity453 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective registry enrolled 910 consecutive @entity1 with @entity453 undergoing PCI with @entity734 implantation. CR included @entity1 who had a successful revascularisation of all diseased segments with diameter >= 1.5 mm. PCR included @entity1 who had successful revascularisation of all diseased segments with diameter >= 2.5 mm. ICR included @entity1 who did not achieve revascularisation for all diseased segments of diameter >= 2.5 mm. The primary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse @entity299 (MACE: a composite of @entity204 , @entity583 and repeat revascularisation) at five-year follow-up. CR was achieved in 386 (42.4%), PCR in 227 (25.0%), and ICR in 297 (32.6%) @entity1 . @entity1 with ICR had a significantly higher rate of MACE (29.6% vs. 22.5% and 15.5%, p<0.001) and all-cause mortality (12.5% vs. 7.0% and 6.2%; p=0.006) than those with CR and PCR at five-year follow-up. After propensity score matching, @entity1 with CR vs. PCR had similar incidences of MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78-1.74, p=0.46), mortality (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.61-2.63, p=0.53), and @entity204 (1.8% vs. 4.5%; HR: 2.56, 95% CI: 0.80-8.17, p=0.11). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, ICR appears to be an outcome of poor clinical characteristics, comorbidities and complex coronary anatomy. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of @entity1 with @entity453 , ICR was associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes than CR and PCR. PCR has clinical outcomes similar to CR in @entity1 with @entity453 treated with @entity734 .

title: Clinical outcomes of "complete, partially complete, and incomplete" revascularisation at five-year follow-up after percutaneous intervention of unprotected left main @entity453 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['Completeness of revascularisation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery (ULMCA) disease', 'ULMCA disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['DES', 'drug-eluting stents']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug-eluting stents']


abstract: AIMS: The study aimed to examine five-year clinical outcomes of complete (CR), partially complete (PCR), and incomplete revascularisation (ICR) in @entity1 with unprotected left main @entity453 treated with @entity734 ( @entity734 ). @entity1939 , defined as revascularisation of all vessels >= 1.5 or 2.5 mm in diameter, has been shown to correlate with outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There are no data to compare revascularisation strategies on long-term clinical outcomes in @entity1 undergoing PCI of @entity453 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This prospective registry enrolled 910 consecutive @entity1 with @entity453 undergoing PCI with @entity734 implantation. CR included @entity1 who had a successful revascularisation of all diseased segments with diameter >= 1.5 mm. PCR included @entity1 who had successful revascularisation of all diseased segments with diameter >= 2.5 mm. ICR included @entity1 who did not achieve revascularisation for all diseased segments of diameter >= 2.5 mm. The primary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse @entity299 (MACE: a composite of @entity204 , @entity583 and repeat revascularisation) at five-year follow-up. CR was achieved in 386 (42.4%), PCR in 227 (25.0%), and ICR in 297 (32.6%) @entity1 . @entity1 with ICR had a significantly higher rate of MACE (29.6% vs. 22.5% and 15.5%, p<0.001) and all-cause mortality (12.5% vs. 7.0% and 6.2%; p=0.006) than those with CR and PCR at five-year follow-up. After propensity score matching, @entity1 with CR vs. PCR had similar incidences of MACE (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78-1.74, p=0.46), mortality (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.61-2.63, p=0.53), and @entity204 (1.8% vs. 4.5%; HR: 2.56, 95% CI: 0.80-8.17, p=0.11). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, ICR appears to be an outcome of poor clinical characteristics, comorbidities and complex coronary anatomy. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of @entity1 with @entity453 , ICR was associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes than CR and PCR. PCR has clinical outcomes similar to CR in @entity1 with @entity453 treated with @entity734 .

title: Clinical outcomes of "complete, partially complete, and incomplete" revascularisation at five-year follow-up after percutaneous intervention of unprotected left main XXXX with @entity734 .

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Brucellosis is a systemic @entity166 that leads to various clinical pictures and is still a significant health problem in @entity233 . In this study, 52 pediatric @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3377 between January 2008 and December 2013 were examined. Clinical and laboratory findings, response to treatment, prognosis and complications were evaluated. Diagnosis of @entity3377 was made based on a clinical picture compatible with the disease, together with standard tube agglutination test (SAT) positivity (1/160 or higer titer) or isolation of Brucella spp. in a sterile body fluid culture. The cases comprised 10 females and 42 males. In 75% of cases, there was a history of consumption of unpasteurized milk or dairy products. The most commonly seen symptoms and findings were @entity221 (75%), @entity4841 (54%), fatigue (19%), @entity381 (44%), @entity382 (42%) and @entity625 (19%). Atypical presentations were seen in one case of epidydymo- @entity11570 and three cases of bleeding of the nose and gums. In the laboratory examinations, @entity417 was determined in 56% of cases, @entity1431 in 40% and @entity882 in 27%. In blood cultures taken from 41 @entity1 , Brucella spp. were isolated in 23 (56.1%). All @entity1 recovered, and sequelae were seen only in a @entity1 with @entity571 . In conclusion, although @entity3377 leads to many different clinical pictures, a very good response to treatment can be obtained. If effective treatment cannot be implemented in time, the disease may become chronic, and complications and relapses may be encountered. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment is of great importance.

title: Evaluation of childhood XXXX in the central Black Sea region.

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemorheological and glycemic parameters and high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 are used as biomarkers of @entity731 and @entity715 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association and clinical relevance of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity2002 , fasting @entity413 , glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HDL @entity165 in the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) in an outpatient population. METHODS: 708 stable @entity1 who visited the outpatient department were enrolled and followed for a mean period of 28.5 months. @entity1 were divided into two groups, @entity1 without MACE and @entity1 with MACE, which included @entity204 , acute @entity583 , newly diagnosed @entity301 , and @entity64 . We compared hemorheological and glycemic parameters and lipid profiles between the groups. RESULTS: @entity1 with MACE had significantly higher ESR, @entity2002 , fasting @entity413 , and HbA1c, while lower HDL @entity165 compared with @entity1 without MACE. High ESR and @entity2002 and low HDL @entity165 significantly increased the risk of MACE in multivariate regression analysis. In @entity1 with MACE, high @entity2002 and HbA1c levels increased the risk of multivessel @entity301 . Furthermore, ESR and @entity2002 were significantly positively correlated with HbA1c and negatively correlated with HDL @entity165 , however not correlated with fasting @entity413 . CONCLUSION: @entity854 , poor glycemic control, and low HDL @entity165 are correlated with each other and could serve as simple and useful surrogate markers and predictors for MACE and @entity301 in outpatients.

title: Hemorheological and Glycemic Parameters and HDL XXXX for the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular accident']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorheological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intranidal vessel geometry and organization underlying flow within @entity7026 ( @entity2758 ) is poorly understood. We examine the relationship between intranidal vessel characteristics and @entity2758 flow. Records of @entity1 with @entity2758 evaluated at our institution between 2007 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 were included if surgical specimens were available and flows were obtained before treatment using quantitative magnetic resonance angiography. Intranidal vessels were identified and the diameter and cross-sectional area of each vessel were measured from digitized images of specimen slides. The relationship between vessel diameter, vessel cross-sectional area, @entity2758 volume, and @entity2758 flow was assessed. Twenty-nine @entity1 were included. Mean total number of vessels per specimen was 133. Mean total @entity2758 flow was 340  276mL/min. Mean vessel diameter ranged from 0.18-2.37mm and mean vessel cross-sectional area ranged from 0.09-9.46mm(2). Linear regression analysis showed that total flow is significantly associated with larger @entity2758 volume (R(2)=0.28, P=0.007), but not with number of vessels per section of the specimen (P=0.20) or mean vessel diameter (P=0.92). Exponential regression analysis demonstrated that @entity2758 flow is significantly correlated to the sum of the cross-sectional vessel areas within each specimen (R(2)=0.16, P=0.05). Total @entity2758 flow is significantly related to sum of the cross-sectional areas of all vessels within each nidus, rather than to total number of vessels or mean nidal vessel diameter. This finding suggests that the sum of the cross-sectional areas of intranidal vessels likely determines the resistance to flow within a @entity7026 .

title: Effects of nidus microarchitecture on XXXX hemodynamics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformations', 'cerebral AVM']

answer: @entity7026 :: (MESH:D002538,Disease) :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parasitic infections pose a significant health risk in developing nations and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the Republic of Tanzania, the CDC estimates that 51.5% of the population is infected with one or more @entity11333 . If diagnosed early, the consequences of chronic @entity281 can potentially be avoided. METHODS: Six first-year medical students were recruited to enroll @entity1 in the study. They underwent ten hours of formal, hands-on, ultrasound which included basic cardiac, hepatobiliary, renal, pulmonary and FAST scan ultrasound. A World Health Organization protocol with published grading scales was adapted and used to assess for pathology in each @entity1 's liver, bladder, kidneys, and spleen. RESULTS: A total of 59 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Students reported a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 100% for the presence of a dome shaped bladder, a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for bladder thickening, a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for portal @entity101 and @entity843 . The sensitivity was 81% with a specificity of 100% for presence of portal vein distention. The sensitivity was 100% with a specificity of 90% for dilated bowel. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound has shown a promise at helping to identify pathology in rural communities with limited resources such as Tanzania. Our data suggest that minimally trained first year medical students are able to perform basic ultrasound scans that can identify ultrasonographic markers of @entity281 .

title: A feasibility study to determine if minimally trained medical students can identify markers of chronic XXXX using bedside ultrasound in rural Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal parasites']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infections', 'parasitic infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['parasitic infection']


abstract: Renal biopsies of 23 @entity4521 addicts who presented with the @entity1985 were examined by light and electron microscopy. The majority of @entity1 (14) showed @entity8 on light microscopy, four @entity1 showed "minimal change", and two were classified as "focal @entity1463 ." In one case focal mesangial proliferation was the outstanding feature; one @entity1 had @entity6 ; and one had @entity3630 and dysproteinemia. Visceral epithelial swelling and proliferation were present in 14 @entity1 on light on light microscopy. Electron microscopy showed distinct podocyte changes consisting of loss of foot processes, vacuolization, and cytoplasmic degeneration; focal separation of podocytes from basement membranes was found in 11 of 18 cases. In some instances a few electron-dense deposits were present in the mesangium. @entity8 was not encountered, although it occurs in 30 to 40% of unselected adult @entity1985 individuals. Of 15 @entity1 followed for 2 months to 5 years, one died of @entity4521 @entity1445 , eight went into @entity177 , two improved, and four continued to have @entity644 . It is concluded that @entity1985 of @entity4521 addicts is most often associated with @entity8 and occasionally with @entity1987 or focal @entity1463 . Conceivably these three conditions represent different phases of one disease process, although different reactions to @entity4521 or its various vehicles and contaminants cannot be excluded. The morphologic resemblance to experimental @entity8424 and @entity70770 -induced @entity3450 suggests a possible toxic origin.

title: Glomerular morphology in @entity1985 XXXX addicts.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Membranous nephropathy', 'focal segmental glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity70770 :: ('MESH:C007291', 'Chemical') :: ["N,N'-diacetylbenzidine"]

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['global sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3630 :: ('MESH:D015432', 'Disease') :: ['mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity8424 :: ('MESH:D011692', 'Chemical') :: ['aminonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity4521 :: (MESH:D003932,Chemical) :: ['heroin']


abstract: Renal biopsies of 23 @entity4521 addicts who presented with the @entity1985 were examined by light and electron microscopy. The majority of @entity1 (14) showed @entity8 on light microscopy, four @entity1 showed "minimal change", and two were classified as "focal @entity1463 ." In one case focal mesangial proliferation was the outstanding feature; one @entity1 had @entity6 ; and one had @entity3630 and dysproteinemia. Visceral epithelial swelling and proliferation were present in 14 @entity1 on light on light microscopy. Electron microscopy showed distinct podocyte changes consisting of loss of foot processes, vacuolization, and cytoplasmic degeneration; focal separation of podocytes from basement membranes was found in 11 of 18 cases. In some instances a few electron-dense deposits were present in the mesangium. @entity8 was not encountered, although it occurs in 30 to 40% of unselected adult @entity1985 individuals. Of 15 @entity1 followed for 2 months to 5 years, one died of @entity4521 @entity1445 , eight went into @entity177 , two improved, and four continued to have @entity644 . It is concluded that @entity1985 of @entity4521 addicts is most often associated with @entity8 and occasionally with @entity1987 or focal @entity1463 . Conceivably these three conditions represent different phases of one disease process, although different reactions to @entity4521 or its various vehicles and contaminants cannot be excluded. The morphologic resemblance to experimental @entity8424 and @entity70770 -induced @entity3450 suggests a possible toxic origin.

title: Glomerular morphology in XXXX @entity4521 addicts.

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic']


abstract: PURPOSE: Disturbed peripapillary microcirculation may have a role in the development of @entity726 . Recently, using noninvasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography with the AngioVue OCT (Optovue Inc., -Fremont, CA, USA), reduced peripapillary vessel density was found in @entity726 . In this case series, we investigate the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) damage and @entity15534 ( @entity15534 , % of the analyzed retinal area) in the superotemporal (ST), inferotemporal (IT), and temporal (T) peripapillary sectors in normal, ocular @entity101 (OHT), and primary @entity1538 eyes. CASE REPORT: The AngioVue OCT and the 2015.100.0.33 software version was used for @entity15534 measurements. The @entity15534 in the radial peripapillary capillary layer was similar (approximately 60%) in all 3 sectors in healthy eyes. In @entity726 with severe ST and/or IT RNFL defect, @entity15534 declined to 32%-45% in the damaged sectors but remained above 55% in the T sector. In the OHT eyes with no @entity227 and no RNFL sector outside the normal limits but with mild ST or IT RNFL damage, @entity15534 declined to 54% in the involved sector in all cases, while it remained around 60% in the other sectors. CONCLUSIONS: Our cases suggest that PADF measurements can identify decreased peripapillary perfusion early in the @entity989 thinning process, prior to the development of clinically significant RNFL @entity227 . Decreased @entity15534 corresponds spatially with the damaged RNFL bundles. The results suggest that prospective studies using @entity15534 may help to understand the role of @entity455 in @entity726 .

title: Vessel density calculated from OCT angiography in 3 peripapillary sectors in normal, ocular @entity101 , and XXXX eyes.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect', 'damage and visual field deterioration']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity15534 :: ('MESH:C566898', 'Disease') :: ['peripapillary angioflow density', 'PAFD']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous RNFL']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Disturbed peripapillary microcirculation may have a role in the development of @entity726 . Recently, using noninvasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography with the AngioVue OCT (Optovue Inc., -Fremont, CA, USA), reduced peripapillary vessel density was found in @entity726 . In this case series, we investigate the relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) damage and @entity15534 ( @entity15534 , % of the analyzed retinal area) in the superotemporal (ST), inferotemporal (IT), and temporal (T) peripapillary sectors in normal, ocular @entity101 (OHT), and primary @entity1538 eyes. CASE REPORT: The AngioVue OCT and the 2015.100.0.33 software version was used for @entity15534 measurements. The @entity15534 in the radial peripapillary capillary layer was similar (approximately 60%) in all 3 sectors in healthy eyes. In @entity726 with severe ST and/or IT RNFL defect, @entity15534 declined to 32%-45% in the damaged sectors but remained above 55% in the T sector. In the OHT eyes with no @entity227 and no RNFL sector outside the normal limits but with mild ST or IT RNFL damage, @entity15534 declined to 54% in the involved sector in all cases, while it remained around 60% in the other sectors. CONCLUSIONS: Our cases suggest that PADF measurements can identify decreased peripapillary perfusion early in the @entity989 thinning process, prior to the development of clinically significant RNFL @entity227 . Decreased @entity15534 corresponds spatially with the damaged RNFL bundles. The results suggest that prospective studies using @entity15534 may help to understand the role of @entity455 in @entity726 .

title: Vessel density calculated from OCT angiography in 3 peripapillary sectors in normal, ocular XXXX , and @entity726 eyes.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) features and complications associated with @entity1539 . DESIGN: A retrospective case series. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity1539 were identified in a 10 year period study at a ophthalmologic reference Center in Mexico City. The variables included demographic data, ocular and medical history, clinical course, and complications. All @entity1 were examined by UBM, and type, number, location, and acoustic characteristics of cysts were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were performed. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were included (8 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ). The mean age was 44.5  15.5 years (range 6-70 years). The origin most prevalent was neuroepithelial (92.3%), and 7.7% had stromal cysts. Regarding to location 76.9% were found in the periphery, and 69.2% between meridians II and VI. All cysts showed a moderate to high reflectivity in the wall. Complications were present in 38.5% of cases (15.4% partial angle closure, 15.4% secondary angle closure @entity726 and 7.7% dyscoria). CONCLUSIONS: Most cysts are derived from iris pigmented epithelium, with a benign course and a minor rate of complications. The UBM is an indispensable tool that allows us to plan more specific and conservative treatments, with less damage to ocular structures and, therefore, better visual prognosis.

title: Ultrasound biomicroscopic analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['iris cysts']

answer: @entity1539 :: (MESH:D007499,Disease) :: ['iris cysts']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the characteristics of @entity854 secondary to @entity6654 (ERM) using improved-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ( @entity1713 OCT) and their evolution after surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational cohort study. @entity1 : The files of 344 @entity1 operated on consecutively for ERM over a 2-year period in a single tertiary ophthalmologic center were reviewed. @entity1 with @entity751 , secondary ERM, or both were excluded. METHODS: In all, 293 eyes with idiopathic ERM were included in the final analysis. Fundus photographs were reviewed to assess the presence of a yellow foveal spot, and @entity1713 OCT analysis was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence or absence of a @entity854 and its @entity1713 OCT characteristics before and after surgery at 1 month, 3 months, and at final visit; best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and at the final visit. RESULTS: Before surgery, a @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ) corresponding to the yellow deposit was present in 59 of 293 eyes (20%). No difference was found for the postoperative BCVA between the 59 eyes with @entity1713 before surgery and the 234 eyes without @entity1713 (0.253    0.14 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] vs. 0.262    0.24 logMAR, respectively; P  = 0.6). Sixty-eight percent (n  = 40/59) of @entity1713 disappeared after surgery during a mean follow-up of 4.8    3.2 months, most of them (62%) before month 3. Among eyes with preoperative @entity1713 , no difference was found for the postoperative BCVA between eyes with disappeared @entity1713 and those with persistent @entity1713 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1713 secondary to idiopathic ERM were observed in 20% of these eyes. They disappeared after surgery in more than two thirds of cases, usually early during postoperative course. @entity1713 do not affect visual outcome and should not interfere with surgical decision making.

title: Evolution of Subfoveal Detachments Secondary to Idiopathic XXXX after Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['Subfoveal detachments', 'SD', 'subfoveal detachment']

entities_list: @entity6654 :: ('MESH:D019773', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epiretinal membranes']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['subfoveal abnormality', 'subfoveal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['vitreomacular traction syndrome']

answer: @entity6654 :: (MESH:D019773,Disease) :: ['Epiretinal Membranes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Currently, (multiple) biopsies are taken to obtain histopathological diagnosis of suspicious lesions of the penile skin. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides noninvasive in vivo images from which @entity536 ( oct) can be quantified. We hypothesize that qualitative (image assessment) and quantitative ( @entity536 ,  oct) analysis of penile skin with OCT is possible and may differentiate benign penile tissue from (pre) malignant penile tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Optical coherence tomography-imaging was performed prior to punch biopsy in 18 consecutive @entity1 with a suspicious lesion at the outpatient clinic of the NKI-AVL. Qualitative analysis consisted of visual assessment of clear layers and a visible lower border of the lesions, quantitative analysis comprised of determination of the epidermal layer @entity121 and  oct. Results were grouped according to histopathology reports. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis showed a statistically significant difference (P = 0.047) between benign and (pre) malignant lesions. Quantitative analysis showed that @entity536 was significantly different between benign and (pre) malignant tissue, respectively, P = 0.001 and P < 0.001. CONCLUSION: In this preliminary study, qualitative and quantitative analysis of OCT-images of suspicious @entity546 shows differences between benign lesions and (pre) malignant lesions. These results encourage further research in a larger study population.

title: Optical coherence tomography accurately identifies XXXX with penile (pre) malignant lesions: A single center prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal layer thickness and attenuation coefficient']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile lesions']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ) is a common and debilitating condition in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) associated with @entity409 . A subtype of @entity6556 does not respond to dopaminergic therapy and may be related to @entity942 . This pilot study explores the effects of @entity4678 on gait in @entity191 @entity1 with dopa-unresponsive @entity6556 using a novel paradigm for objective gait assessment. FINDINGS: Ten @entity1 with @entity191 and dopa-unresponsive @entity6556 were enrolled in this eight-week open label pilot study. Assessments included an exploratory gait analysis protocol that quantified spatiotemporal parameters during straight-away walking and turning, while performing a dual task. Clinical, and subjective assessments of gait, quality of life, and safety were also administered. The primary outcome was a validated subjective assessment for @entity6556 ( @entity6556 ). @entity4678 was well tolerated, however, no significant change was observed in the primary outcome. The gait analysis protocol correlated well with clinical scales, but not with subjective assessments. @entity26680 @entity1 were more likely to increase gait velocity (p   =   0.033), and improved in other clinical assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Objective gait analysis protocols assessing gait while dual tasking are feasible and useful for this @entity1 population, and may be superior correlates of @entity6556 severity than subjective measures. These findings can inform future trials in this population.

title: Pilot study of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity191 and dopa-unresponsive Freezing of Gait.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity4678 :: ('MESH:C041930', 'Chemical') :: ['atomoxetine', 'Atomoxetine']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['noradrenergic deficiency']

answer: @entity4678 :: (MESH:C041930,Chemical) :: ['atomoxetine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ) is a common and debilitating condition in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) associated with @entity409 . A subtype of @entity6556 does not respond to dopaminergic therapy and may be related to @entity942 . This pilot study explores the effects of @entity4678 on gait in @entity191 @entity1 with dopa-unresponsive @entity6556 using a novel paradigm for objective gait assessment. FINDINGS: Ten @entity1 with @entity191 and dopa-unresponsive @entity6556 were enrolled in this eight-week open label pilot study. Assessments included an exploratory gait analysis protocol that quantified spatiotemporal parameters during straight-away walking and turning, while performing a dual task. Clinical, and subjective assessments of gait, quality of life, and safety were also administered. The primary outcome was a validated subjective assessment for @entity6556 ( @entity6556 ). @entity4678 was well tolerated, however, no significant change was observed in the primary outcome. The gait analysis protocol correlated well with clinical scales, but not with subjective assessments. @entity26680 @entity1 were more likely to increase gait velocity (p   =   0.033), and improved in other clinical assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Objective gait analysis protocols assessing gait while dual tasking are feasible and useful for this @entity1 population, and may be superior correlates of @entity6556 severity than subjective measures. These findings can inform future trials in this population.

title: Pilot study of @entity4678 in @entity1 with XXXX and dopa-unresponsive Freezing of Gait.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ) is a common and debilitating condition in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) associated with @entity409 . A subtype of @entity6556 does not respond to dopaminergic therapy and may be related to @entity942 . This pilot study explores the effects of @entity4678 on gait in @entity191 @entity1 with dopa-unresponsive @entity6556 using a novel paradigm for objective gait assessment. FINDINGS: Ten @entity1 with @entity191 and dopa-unresponsive @entity6556 were enrolled in this eight-week open label pilot study. Assessments included an exploratory gait analysis protocol that quantified spatiotemporal parameters during straight-away walking and turning, while performing a dual task. Clinical, and subjective assessments of gait, quality of life, and safety were also administered. The primary outcome was a validated subjective assessment for @entity6556 ( @entity6556 ). @entity4678 was well tolerated, however, no significant change was observed in the primary outcome. The gait analysis protocol correlated well with clinical scales, but not with subjective assessments. @entity26680 @entity1 were more likely to increase gait velocity (p   =   0.033), and improved in other clinical assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Objective gait analysis protocols assessing gait while dual tasking are feasible and useful for this @entity1 population, and may be superior correlates of @entity6556 severity than subjective measures. These findings can inform future trials in this population.

title: Pilot study of @entity4678 in XXXX with @entity191 and dopa-unresponsive Freezing of Gait.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Various clinical risk factors, including high breast density, have been shown to be associated with @entity0 . The utility of using relative and absolute area-based breast density-related measures was evaluated as an alternative to clinical risk factors in @entity5 risk assessment at the time of screening mammography. METHODS: Contralateral mediolateral oblique digital mammography images from 392 females with @entity0 and 817 age-matched controls were analysed. Information on clinical risk factors was obtained from the provincial breast-imaging information system. Breast density-related measures were assessed using a fully automated breast density measurement software. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of three @entity5 risk models: the first using only clinical risk factors, the second using only density-related measures and the third using both clinical risk factors and density-related measures. RESULTS: The risk factor-based model generated an AUROC of 0.535, while the model including only breast density-related measures generated a significantly higher AUROC of 0.622 (p   <   0.001). The third combined model generated an AUROC of 0.632 and performed significantly better than the risk factor model (p   <   0.001) but not the density-related measures model (p   =   0.097). CONCLUSION: Density-related measures from screening mammograms at the time of screen may be superior predictors of @entity5 compared with clinical risk factors. Advances in knowledge: @entity0 risk models based on density-related measures alone can outperform risk models based on clinical factors. Such models may support the development of personalized breast-screening protocols.

title: Utility of relative and absolute measures of mammographic density vs clinical risk factors in evaluating XXXX risk at time of screening mammography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'Breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A study was carried out of 32 @entity1 suffering from @entity15 the diagnois of which was quite definite according to Mac Alpine's criteria and which had developed over more than two years. Comparison was made with @entity1 suffering from @entity7995 of a different aetiology and with normal subjects. The method of investigation was dynamic electroretinoencephalography : the @entity227 were investigated after stimulation by white and coloured light before and after adapatation to darkness. The specificity of the results was tested by, firstly, electro-retinogram recording for control of the visual system, and secondly, by the recording of auditory evoked potentials for control cerebral function. Abnormalities in @entity227 were found in 77 percent of the cases. In particular, there was delayed latency, that is, a slowing of retino-cortical conduction. The significance of these abnormalities is discussed, by analyzing the electroclinical correlationships according to whether there was obvious or subclinical @entity7995 , and the dissemination, activity or duration of the disease. The incidence of @entity227 was considerably greater than that in @entity7995 (35 percent). The links between abnormalities in nervous conduction and demyelinisation are emphasized. The role and specificity of electrophysiological investigation in diagnosis of @entity15 are discussed.

title: [Visual evoked potentials in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual evoked potentials', 'visual evoked potential abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Postprandial duodenal @entity3645 , intestinal protein loss, and albumin and IgG turnover were studied in 19 non-operated @entity1 with @entity30 . A lesion of the terminal ileum was present in 18 of 19 @entity1 , either alone or associated with @entity1960 . Identical @entity6741 studies were made in a control group of 20 @entity1 with chronic @entity294 of undetermined origin. Duodenal @entity6741 concentration was decreased in 9 of 19 @entity1 with @entity30 , and in 5 of 20 @entity1 with unexplained @entity294 . The @entity2228 / @entity2226 -ratio was increased in 8 of 17 @entity1 with @entity30 , but in only one of the 20 control @entity1 . Abnormal intestinal protein loss was present in 13 of 14 @entity1 with @entity30 . The fractional catabolic rate of albumin and IgG was increased in all 17 cases of @entity30 studied, except the @entity1 with no protein loss. A statistically significant and positive correlation was observed between @entity2228 / @entity2226 -ratio and fractional catabolic rate of both albumin and IgG. No @entity1 with @entity30 harboured an abnormal bacterial flora in the proximal small intestine. It is concluded that, in the absence of abnormal bacterial flora in the proximal jejunum, the @entity2228 / @entity2226 -ratio is more valuable as an indicator of terminal ileopathy than postprandial duodenal @entity6741 concentration in nonoperated @entity1 with @entity30 . Abnormal intestinal protein loss and increased catabolic rate of albumin and IgG are practically always present in active @entity30 and are strong evidence of an organic @entity344 in @entity1 with normal radiographic findings.

title: @entity6741 metabolism and plasma protein turnover in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lesion']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['regional colitis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['terminal ileitis', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Postprandial duodenal @entity3645 , intestinal protein loss, and albumin and IgG turnover were studied in 19 non-operated @entity1 with @entity30 . A lesion of the terminal ileum was present in 18 of 19 @entity1 , either alone or associated with @entity1960 . Identical @entity6741 studies were made in a control group of 20 @entity1 with chronic @entity294 of undetermined origin. Duodenal @entity6741 concentration was decreased in 9 of 19 @entity1 with @entity30 , and in 5 of 20 @entity1 with unexplained @entity294 . The @entity2228 / @entity2226 -ratio was increased in 8 of 17 @entity1 with @entity30 , but in only one of the 20 control @entity1 . Abnormal intestinal protein loss was present in 13 of 14 @entity1 with @entity30 . The fractional catabolic rate of albumin and IgG was increased in all 17 cases of @entity30 studied, except the @entity1 with no protein loss. A statistically significant and positive correlation was observed between @entity2228 / @entity2226 -ratio and fractional catabolic rate of both albumin and IgG. No @entity1 with @entity30 harboured an abnormal bacterial flora in the proximal small intestine. It is concluded that, in the absence of abnormal bacterial flora in the proximal jejunum, the @entity2228 / @entity2226 -ratio is more valuable as an indicator of terminal ileopathy than postprandial duodenal @entity6741 concentration in nonoperated @entity1 with @entity30 . Abnormal intestinal protein loss and increased catabolic rate of albumin and IgG are practically always present in active @entity30 and are strong evidence of an organic @entity344 in @entity1 with normal radiographic findings.

title: XXXX metabolism and plasma protein turnover in @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['Bile acid']


abstract: A group of 31 @entity1 with a variety of @entity2275 were treated by vagotomy, biopsy, oversewing of @entity548 points and a wide double pyloroplasty. On @entity1 , a @entity1688 with multiple stress ulcers, rebled and had to undergo resection. He died a month later of progressive @entity1576 . A second @entity1688 died a month after a @entity548 episode from @entity4685 and @entity198 resulting from a gunshot wound of the neck. He had no rebleeding. A third @entity1 died two years after a gastric operation as a result of @entity153 . He had no recurrence of the @entity1066 problem. The remaining 28 @entity1 were observed from six months to five years, an average of two and one-half years. There were no recurrences and only minimal untoward symptoms. It would appear that, for this period of observation, vagotomy with double pyloroplasty offers good treatment for @entity1 with @entity2275 .

title: Double pyloroplasty and vagotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegic']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory problems']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'benign gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcers']


abstract: The present report describes an @entity1 with severe combined @entity465 and cartilage-hair @entity509 whose lymphocytes responded to @entity10136 in vitro. Immunologic evaluation was undertaken at 4 1/2 months of age following a history of recurrent severe @entity281 . Family history included three cousins who died in early infancy, one from @entity693 and @entity55 , one from generalized varicella, and another from @entity70771 . Quantitative immunoglobulins were markedly @entity308 : IgG 141, IgA 0, and IgM 24 mg/100 ml. There was an @entity2905 , multiple skin tests were negative, and in vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogens and antigens were @entity308 . Spontaneous E rosette determinations were 21% compared with control values of 65.7%. Erythrocyte @entity859 deaminase (ADA) activity was normal. The @entity1 's E rosette formation increased in the presence of @entity10136 , fraction 5, reaching a maximum of 56% with a concentration of 500 mug @entity10136 . Blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin also increased in the presence of @entity10136 . Transplantation of 24-week fetal thymus in Millipore diffusion chambers and subsequently transplantation of 18-week fetal thymus by intraperitoneal injection was accomplished. E rosettes increased to 35-40% and blastogenic responses to mitogens increased. Eight days after the second transplant the @entity1 underwent a mild graft vs. host reaction which subsided after 1 week and mitogen blastogenic responses again increased to 5-8 times previous values, but still well below control ranges. Repeated episodes of @entity358 ensued, cor pulmonale resulted, and the clinical course was relentlessly downhill with the @entity1 expiring from @entity1576 5 months after transplantation.

title: Severe combined XXXX with cartilage-hair hypoplasa: in vitro response to @entity10136 and attempted reconstitution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['absolute lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity70771 :: ('MESH:C538362', 'Disease') :: ['reticuloendotheliosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency']


abstract: The present report describes an @entity1 with severe combined @entity465 and cartilage-hair @entity509 whose lymphocytes responded to @entity10136 in vitro. Immunologic evaluation was undertaken at 4 1/2 months of age following a history of recurrent severe @entity281 . Family history included three cousins who died in early infancy, one from @entity693 and @entity55 , one from generalized varicella, and another from @entity70771 . Quantitative immunoglobulins were markedly @entity308 : IgG 141, IgA 0, and IgM 24 mg/100 ml. There was an @entity2905 , multiple skin tests were negative, and in vitro lymphocyte responses to mitogens and antigens were @entity308 . Spontaneous E rosette determinations were 21% compared with control values of 65.7%. Erythrocyte @entity859 deaminase (ADA) activity was normal. The @entity1 's E rosette formation increased in the presence of @entity10136 , fraction 5, reaching a maximum of 56% with a concentration of 500 mug @entity10136 . Blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin also increased in the presence of @entity10136 . Transplantation of 24-week fetal thymus in Millipore diffusion chambers and subsequently transplantation of 18-week fetal thymus by intraperitoneal injection was accomplished. E rosettes increased to 35-40% and blastogenic responses to mitogens increased. Eight days after the second transplant the @entity1 underwent a mild graft vs. host reaction which subsided after 1 week and mitogen blastogenic responses again increased to 5-8 times previous values, but still well below control ranges. Repeated episodes of @entity358 ensued, cor pulmonale resulted, and the clinical course was relentlessly downhill with the @entity1 expiring from @entity1576 5 months after transplantation.

title: Severe combined @entity465 with cartilage-hair hypoplasa: in vitro response to XXXX and attempted reconstitution.

answer: @entity10136 :: (MESH:D013947,Chemical) :: ['thymosin']


abstract: Thirty-two @entity1 , 28 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 aged from 17 to 57 years were treated surgically for @entity28 . Their body weight ranged from 90 to 184 kg, with an excess weight from 42% to 180%. In 6 cases the Salmon operation and in 26 the Payne-de Wind operation were performed. Two @entity1 died. In the remaining cases the postoperative course was uneventful and relatively mild. The longest follow-up period was 22 months. Weight loss rate was highest in the first period after the operation and the monthly rate of the @entity353 in the first year after the operation was 3.5 to 6 kg. @entity294 disappeared usually after 4 months. In some @entity1 a transient fall in serum @entity972 and @entity460 level was observed. Other favorable results included a significant fall in the serum levels of @entity165 and beta-lipoproteins and improved value of BSP retention test. The condition of the @entity1 is good and they have returned to work.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Despite adequate diagnostic evaluation and prolonged follow-up, the causes of @entity302 in the elderly @entity1 frequently remain unknown. Some of these may be of occult, @entity179 origin--entities which are often difficult to incriminate specifically. Unquestionably, in a few cases, @entity410 occur at the time of the initial cerebrovascular accident, although in some @entity1 @entity410 may follow such an episode after a latent interval, particularly when cortical motor areas have been damaged by the initial vascular insult. It is important to differentiate this group from those with recurrent @entity455 , in whom diagnostic studies and treatment may differ. @entity1313 is as prominent a cause of @entity410 in the seventh decade as it is in younger adults, but probably is of lower incidence thereafter. Focal, clinical and electroencephalographic findings and a progressive clinical course are particularly common in this group. A heterogeneous group of causes, a few of which are liable to affect the ageing @entity1 , are responsible for some of the @entity410 in old age and should be searched for when the etiology is obscure. Diagnostic studies will vary with the individual problem and, whenever possible, should be restricted to non-invasive studies such as electroencephalography and computer-assisted tomography, after initial baseline clinical assessment and laboratory studies have been performed. Contrast procedures such as angiography are sometimes hazardous to @entity1 with @entity731 and should be reserved for selected @entity1 . Treatment follows conventional guidelines with some modifications due to the vulnerability of the ageing @entity1 to @entity179 of immobilization.

title: XXXX after the age of sixty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular episodes']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease and complications', 'degenerative or vascular central nervous system disease']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizures']


abstract: Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) responses to a course of @entity4082 were studied in eleven @entity1 with @entity1278 at different stages of the illness. In malnourished @entity1 basal levels of LH were invariably low. With the resumption of a normal weight a small but definite rise in LH levels was observed but this spontaneous response to weight gain was variable in that many @entity1 continued to exhibit abnormally low LH levels. The response to @entity4082 in terms of a rise in basal LH levels after administration of the drug, followed by a second peak of LH and subsequent @entity548 , was clearly dependent in part on the @entity1 's nutritional state. In the malnourished state the response to @entity4082 was usually either absent or incomplete. After the resumption of a more normal weight, the @entity1 invariably showed an initial rise in LH after the @entity4082 , but the second LH peak and subsequent menstruation were frequently not demonstrated. Six @entity1 maintained a normal body weight for at least six months after a course of @entity4082 , but only three of them resumed cyclical @entity548 . It was concluded that factors additional to the nutritional state contribute to the prolonged @entity1278 and that @entity4082 appears to have only a limited role in the treatment and management of @entity1 with the disorder. Some aspects of current knowledge of the endocrine mechanisms that regulate normal menstruation and of the mode of action of @entity4082 are outlined. The results of the present study are discussed against this background in an attempt to elucidate further the @entity1640 underlying the @entity1278 .

title: The effects of XXXX on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in @entity1278 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate', 'clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'amenorrhoea in anorexia nervosa']

answer: @entity4082 :: (MESH:D002996,Chemical) :: ['clomiphene citrate']


abstract: Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) responses to a course of @entity4082 were studied in eleven @entity1 with @entity1278 at different stages of the illness. In malnourished @entity1 basal levels of LH were invariably low. With the resumption of a normal weight a small but definite rise in LH levels was observed but this spontaneous response to weight gain was variable in that many @entity1 continued to exhibit abnormally low LH levels. The response to @entity4082 in terms of a rise in basal LH levels after administration of the drug, followed by a second peak of LH and subsequent @entity548 , was clearly dependent in part on the @entity1 's nutritional state. In the malnourished state the response to @entity4082 was usually either absent or incomplete. After the resumption of a more normal weight, the @entity1 invariably showed an initial rise in LH after the @entity4082 , but the second LH peak and subsequent menstruation were frequently not demonstrated. Six @entity1 maintained a normal body weight for at least six months after a course of @entity4082 , but only three of them resumed cyclical @entity548 . It was concluded that factors additional to the nutritional state contribute to the prolonged @entity1278 and that @entity4082 appears to have only a limited role in the treatment and management of @entity1 with the disorder. Some aspects of current knowledge of the endocrine mechanisms that regulate normal menstruation and of the mode of action of @entity4082 are outlined. The results of the present study are discussed against this background in an attempt to elucidate further the @entity1640 underlying the @entity1278 .

title: The effects of @entity4082 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in XXXX .

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa']


abstract: @entity3763 (ISD) was administered before, during and after 178 operations performed on 127 @entity1 with @entity432 . Its influence on postoperative @entity583 , @entity712 and mortality was tested by comparison with 188 operations performed on 140 @entity1 with @entity101 and/or old @entity583 receiving no ISD prophylaxis. Risk of @entity299 was similar in both groups. Mortality in the ISD-treated group was significantly lowered as compared with the control group and was about half of the overall mortality in @entity1 with @entity432 operated on at our hospital over the past 10 years. This difference depended partly on the influence of ISD on @entity299 . Post-operative @entity583 during ISD prophylaxis occurred in 0.6% of cases as compared with 3.7% in the control group (p less than 0.05), whilst the respective values for postoperative @entity712 were 5.7% and 18.2% (p less than 0.001). Both complications are related to absolute or relative @entity519 during the post-operative stress period. ISD is effective by lowering cardiac preload and afterload and thereby diminishing myocardial @entity26 demand. ISD is the drug of choice for surgical @entity1 since it provides a steady and long-lasting effect after sublingual absorption. ISD prophylaxis during the perioperative period is indicated in cases with @entity453 and with increased cardiac preload or afterload.

title: [Prophylactic effect of @entity3763 on postoperative XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['Isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac complications']


abstract: @entity3763 (ISD) was administered before, during and after 178 operations performed on 127 @entity1 with @entity432 . Its influence on postoperative @entity583 , @entity712 and mortality was tested by comparison with 188 operations performed on 140 @entity1 with @entity101 and/or old @entity583 receiving no ISD prophylaxis. Risk of @entity299 was similar in both groups. Mortality in the ISD-treated group was significantly lowered as compared with the control group and was about half of the overall mortality in @entity1 with @entity432 operated on at our hospital over the past 10 years. This difference depended partly on the influence of ISD on @entity299 . Post-operative @entity583 during ISD prophylaxis occurred in 0.6% of cases as compared with 3.7% in the control group (p less than 0.05), whilst the respective values for postoperative @entity712 were 5.7% and 18.2% (p less than 0.001). Both complications are related to absolute or relative @entity519 during the post-operative stress period. ISD is effective by lowering cardiac preload and afterload and thereby diminishing myocardial @entity26 demand. ISD is the drug of choice for surgical @entity1 since it provides a steady and long-lasting effect after sublingual absorption. ISD prophylaxis during the perioperative period is indicated in cases with @entity453 and with increased cardiac preload or afterload.

title: [Prophylactic effect of XXXX on postoperative @entity299 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity3763 :: (MESH:D007548,Chemical) :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Loss of self and the transition to @entity1 -hood have been widely discussed in relation to the experience of @entity1442 . Individuals however often maintain identities or selves beyond those demanded by the circumstances of being a @entity1 . This study explores the presentation of this personal identity and interactions between intrinsic and extrinsic elements that support or threaten its maintenance. In particular, this study examined the impact of uncertainty on the representations of self and the part played by the @entity1 's health care professionals and the systems in which they are embedded, in limiting or reinforcing its effects. METHODS: Complementary methods of ethnographic observation and serial narrative interviews were adopted to explore both the lo"cal social and health care context and the changing presentation of self by @entity1 with advanced multimorbidity, @entity102 , and @entity5 . In total, 36 interviews were undertaken with 16 @entity1 . Analysis was guided by concepts of time and place, combining contextual data with the unfolding @entity1 narrative. RESULTS: Good @entity158 and symptom control was a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for the maintenance of a personal identity. Essential agentic elements included knowledge of appropriate and immediate sources of help. Also important were a sense of control achieved through a shared understanding with health care professionals of the condition and active management of uncertainty. In addition, the maintenance of self depended on keeping a connection with aspects of life associated with a pre-illness identity. Critically, this self was contingent on external recognition, acknowledgement, and validation. CONCLUSION: Professional relationships that focus solely on the ' @entity1 as @entity1 ' may be insufficient for @entity1 ' needs. Health care professionals should seek to recognize and acknowledge the personal identity that may be critical to their sense of self-worth. Through an ongoing relationship guiding the @entity1 through the uncertainties they face, health care professionals may play an essential role in sustaining the ' @entity1 as @entity1 '. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Loss of self or personal identity occurs in a range of serious conditions. The sick self is incorporated in a process of identity reconstruction. Uncertainty is an inherent aspect of serious and @entity1442 . Unmanaged uncertainty results in a range of negative psychological consequences that contribute to the loss of personal identity. Information and communication with health care professionals help @entity1 manage uncertainty. What does this study add? Sufferers may retain a personal identity continuous with a pre-illness self using internal and external resources. The pre-illness self may be subsumed by the @entity1 self especially at times of transition and maximum uncertainty. Acknowledgement and facilitation by health care professionals can enable the preservation of the pre-illness self.

title: The threatened self: Considerations of time, place, and uncertainty in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced illness']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['advanced illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A growing body of literature supports the view that essential @entity400 (ET) involves alteration of cerebellar-thalamo-cortical networks which can result in working @entity2414 . In this study, we tested the hypothesis that individuals with ET would exhibit worse performance on memory tasks requiring more intrinsic organization and structuring (i.e., word lists) relative to those with fewer 'executive' demands (i.e., stories), similar to that previously observed in individuals with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHOD: @entity1 included a convenience sample of 68 ET @entity1 and 68 idiopathic @entity191 @entity1 , retrospectively matched based on age, education, and sex. All @entity1 underwent routine neuropsychological evaluation assessing recent memory, @entity2414 , language, and executive function. Memory measures included the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-R and @entity2414 . RESULTS: Both ET and @entity191 @entity1 performed significantly worse on word list than story memory recall tasks. The magnitude of the difference between these two memory tasks was similar for ET and @entity191 @entity1 . In both @entity1 groups, performance on measures of executive function and @entity2414 was not distinctly correlated with word list vs. story recall. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity75 in both ET and @entity191 may negatively influence performance on memory tests that are not inherently organized. Although the pathophysiology of these two ' @entity717 ' are quite distinct, both have downstream effects on thalamo-frontal circuitry which may provide a common pathway for a similar memory phenotype. Findings are discussed in terms of neuroimaging evidence, conceptual models, and best practice.

title: Memory Similarities Between Essential XXXX and @entity191 : A Final Common Pathway?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal-executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory and executive deficits', 'auditory attention/working memory', 'WMS-III Logical Memory']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['Tremor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A growing body of literature supports the view that essential @entity400 (ET) involves alteration of cerebellar-thalamo-cortical networks which can result in working @entity2414 . In this study, we tested the hypothesis that individuals with ET would exhibit worse performance on memory tasks requiring more intrinsic organization and structuring (i.e., word lists) relative to those with fewer 'executive' demands (i.e., stories), similar to that previously observed in individuals with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHOD: @entity1 included a convenience sample of 68 ET @entity1 and 68 idiopathic @entity191 @entity1 , retrospectively matched based on age, education, and sex. All @entity1 underwent routine neuropsychological evaluation assessing recent memory, @entity2414 , language, and executive function. Memory measures included the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-R and @entity2414 . RESULTS: Both ET and @entity191 @entity1 performed significantly worse on word list than story memory recall tasks. The magnitude of the difference between these two memory tasks was similar for ET and @entity191 @entity1 . In both @entity1 groups, performance on measures of executive function and @entity2414 was not distinctly correlated with word list vs. story recall. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity75 in both ET and @entity191 may negatively influence performance on memory tests that are not inherently organized. Although the pathophysiology of these two ' @entity717 ' are quite distinct, both have downstream effects on thalamo-frontal circuitry which may provide a common pathway for a similar memory phenotype. Findings are discussed in terms of neuroimaging evidence, conceptual models, and best practice.

title: Memory Similarities Between Essential @entity400 and XXXX : A Final Common Pathway?

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: Whole miracidia of @entity380 , miracidia vibrated in an ultrasonic cleaner, and the miracidium-sporocyst transition were studied in the stereoscan electron microscope. After vibrating, the cilia broke off near the bases and the epidermal cells, intercellular ridge and sensory structures were revealed. The @entity661 had a folded surface with penetrating sensory cilia. The number of epidermal cells varied between 17 and 22. The lateral papillae appeared as bulbous projections on either side between the first and second tiers of epidermal cells. There was a ciliated pit nerve ending close to each @entity1829 . A few ciliated pits were found between the cells in the first tier, and up to twelve ciliated pits with long cilia could be found between the second and third tiers. Miracidia placed in haemolymph from Planorbarius corneus cast off the apical ciliated part of the epithelial cells, and large scars appeared where the ciliated plates had been. Later, the syncytial intercellular ridge dispersed throughout the surface of the mother sporocyst, and small cytoplasmic knobs appeared on the surface. The @entity661 and the lateral papillae were still observed a few hours after shedding the ciliated plates, but the ciliated @entity558 shortly after the ciliated plates were lost.

title: Stereoscan observations of the miracidium and early sporocyst of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['pits disappeared']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['lateral papilla']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['apical papilla']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to review the current literature concerning the indication of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), its extent and complications in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) staging, the available tools, and the future perspectives to assess the risk of lymph node invasion (LNI). METHODS: A literature review was performed using the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy included the terms pelvic lymph nodes, PLND, radical prostatectomy, @entity263 , lymph node invasion, biochemical recurrence, staging, sentinel lymph node dissection, imaging, and molecular markers. RESULTS: PLND currently represents the gold standard for nodal staging in @entity263 @entity1 . Available imaging techniques are characterized by poor accuracy in the prediction of LNI before surgery. On the contrary, an extended PLND (ePLND) would result into proper staging in the majority of the cases. Several models based on preoperative disease characteristics are available to assess the risk of LNI. Although ePLND is not associated with a substantial risk of severe complications, up to 10% of the @entity1 undergoing this procedure experience lymphoceles. Concerns over potential morbidity of ePLND led many authors to investigate the role of sentinel lymph node dissection in order to prevent unnecessary ePLND. Finally, the incorporation of novel biomarkers in currently available tools would improve our ability to identify @entity1 who should receive an ePLND. CONCLUSIONS: Nowadays, the most informative tools predicting LNI in @entity263 @entity1 consist in preoperative clinical nomograms. Sentinel lymph node dissection still remains experimental and novel biomarkers are needed to identify @entity1 at a higher risk of LNI.

title: Pelvic lymph node dissection in XXXX : indications, extent and tailored approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PCa', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: In Taiwan, @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) and @entity6331 ( @entity6331 ) remain widespread and constituting a health problem. The long-term prevention of @entity883 among rheumatic @entity1 has also failed to prevail, and yet has seldom been emphasized. Therefore, recurrence of @entity4789 remained prevalent. For an appraisal of the difficulties in the administration of long-term medication prophylaxis, a prospective study was started in 1967. One hundred and five consecutive cases of @entity4789 and @entity6331 were followed up for more than 1 year to 6 years with an average of 4.4 years. One hundred and two cases received monthly injections of @entity4995 for 6 months to 6 years, of whom 10 were switched to daily sulfa drugs; 1 case had oral @entity114 daily for 6 years; in 12 cases, sulfa drugs were given for 6 months to 5 years. Fifty-one cases (48.6 %) stayed well in the program; 22 (21.0 %) stayed but were not compliant; 32 (30.4 %) dropped out soon or after staying in for more than 1 year. Major risk factors leading to non-compliance are; 1) apparent recovery from the illness or resumption of the normal activity; 2) cram session at school; 3) lack of easy medical care system; and 4) shortage of active participation by the health workers and general practitioners. The present study confirmed that the long-term prevention of @entity883 was effective and contributed to the decline of @entity4789 recurrence rate from more than 30 % down to 6%. Our study implicates that this important preventive program can not be achieved just only by the hospital staff, but should be approached jointly by all doctors, health and social workers, school teachers and the parents.

title: Some problems in long-term prevention of XXXX among @entity1 with @entity6331 in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['RHD', 'rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infections', 'streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity4995 :: ('MESH:D010401', 'Chemical') :: ['benzathine penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

answer: @entity883 :: (MESH:D013290,Disease) :: ['streptococcal infection']


abstract: In Taiwan, @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) and @entity6331 ( @entity6331 ) remain widespread and constituting a health problem. The long-term prevention of @entity883 among rheumatic @entity1 has also failed to prevail, and yet has seldom been emphasized. Therefore, recurrence of @entity4789 remained prevalent. For an appraisal of the difficulties in the administration of long-term medication prophylaxis, a prospective study was started in 1967. One hundred and five consecutive cases of @entity4789 and @entity6331 were followed up for more than 1 year to 6 years with an average of 4.4 years. One hundred and two cases received monthly injections of @entity4995 for 6 months to 6 years, of whom 10 were switched to daily sulfa drugs; 1 case had oral @entity114 daily for 6 years; in 12 cases, sulfa drugs were given for 6 months to 5 years. Fifty-one cases (48.6 %) stayed well in the program; 22 (21.0 %) stayed but were not compliant; 32 (30.4 %) dropped out soon or after staying in for more than 1 year. Major risk factors leading to non-compliance are; 1) apparent recovery from the illness or resumption of the normal activity; 2) cram session at school; 3) lack of easy medical care system; and 4) shortage of active participation by the health workers and general practitioners. The present study confirmed that the long-term prevention of @entity883 was effective and contributed to the decline of @entity4789 recurrence rate from more than 30 % down to 6%. Our study implicates that this important preventive program can not be achieved just only by the hospital staff, but should be approached jointly by all doctors, health and social workers, school teachers and the parents.

title: Some problems in long-term prevention of @entity883 among @entity1 with XXXX in Taiwan.

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: In Taiwan, @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) and @entity6331 ( @entity6331 ) remain widespread and constituting a health problem. The long-term prevention of @entity883 among rheumatic @entity1 has also failed to prevail, and yet has seldom been emphasized. Therefore, recurrence of @entity4789 remained prevalent. For an appraisal of the difficulties in the administration of long-term medication prophylaxis, a prospective study was started in 1967. One hundred and five consecutive cases of @entity4789 and @entity6331 were followed up for more than 1 year to 6 years with an average of 4.4 years. One hundred and two cases received monthly injections of @entity4995 for 6 months to 6 years, of whom 10 were switched to daily sulfa drugs; 1 case had oral @entity114 daily for 6 years; in 12 cases, sulfa drugs were given for 6 months to 5 years. Fifty-one cases (48.6 %) stayed well in the program; 22 (21.0 %) stayed but were not compliant; 32 (30.4 %) dropped out soon or after staying in for more than 1 year. Major risk factors leading to non-compliance are; 1) apparent recovery from the illness or resumption of the normal activity; 2) cram session at school; 3) lack of easy medical care system; and 4) shortage of active participation by the health workers and general practitioners. The present study confirmed that the long-term prevention of @entity883 was effective and contributed to the decline of @entity4789 recurrence rate from more than 30 % down to 6%. Our study implicates that this important preventive program can not be achieved just only by the hospital staff, but should be approached jointly by all doctors, health and social workers, school teachers and the parents.

title: Some problems in long-term prevention of @entity883 among XXXX with @entity6331 in Taiwan.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Background/Aims: Treatment of @entity256 (ISR) is still associated with a high incidence of recurrence. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of drug-eluting balloons (DEB) for the treatment of ISR as compared with conventional balloon angioplasty (BA) and @entity734 ( @entity734 ). Methods: Between January 2006 and May 2012 a total of 177 @entity1 (188 lesions, 64.1    11.7 years old) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for ISR were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical outcomes were compared between @entity1 treated with DEB (n = 58, 32.8%), conventional BA (n = 65, 36.7%), or @entity734 (n = 54, 30.5%). The primary end point was a major adverse @entity299 (MACE), defined as a composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , and @entity75 revascularization(TLR). Results: Baseline characteristics were not different except for a history of previous MI, which was more frequent in @entity1 treated by conventional BA or @entity734 than in @entity1 treated by DEB (40.0% vs. 48.1% vs. 17.2%, respectively, p = 0.002). The total incidences of MACEs were 10.7%, 7.4%, and 15.4% in @entity1 treated by DEB, @entity734 , or conventional BA, respectively (p > 0.05). TLR was more frequent in @entity1 treated by conventional BA than in @entity1 treated by DEB or @entity734 , but this was not statistically significant (10.8% vs. 6.9% vs. 3.7%, p > 0.05 between all group pairs, respectively). Conclusions: This study showed that percutaneous coronary intervention using DEB might be a feasible alternative to conventional BA or @entity734 implantation for treatment of coronary ISR. Further large-scaled, randomized study assessing long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes will be needed.

title: The efficacy and safety of drug-eluting balloons for the treatment of in-stent restenosis as compared with XXXX and with conventional balloon angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['coronary in-stent restenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['DES', 'drug-eluting stents']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug-eluting stents']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical condition characterized by uncontrolled inflammatory responses and is a major cause of @entity204 in intensive care units. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have recently exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. MAPK phosphatase (MKP) suppresses MAPK signaling, which plays an important role in inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanisms of 9a, a new synthetic HDAC inhibitor, against @entity130 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The anti-inflammatory properties of 9a were assayed in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 @entity19 by cecal ligation and puncture ( @entity12147 ). The @entity19 were i.p. administered 9a (10 mg   kg-1) 2 h before and immediately after @entity12147 . KEY RESULTS: 9a inhibited the increased production of @entity637 , @entity777 , and @entity842 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. 9a improved survival rate, attenuated organ injuries, and decreased serum @entity637 and @entity777 levels. @entity12147 increased expression of @entity1990 , phosphorylated (p)- @entity1995 , p-JNK, and p-ERK proteins, which was attenuated by 9a. 9a decreased @entity17311 association with @entity12231 and enhanced @entity17311 acetylation and enhanced @entity17311 association with p- @entity1995 and p-ERK. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of 9a on serum cytokine levels and phosphorylation of MAPK were abolished by @entity17311 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our findings suggest that 9a protects against @entity130 by suppressing MAPK-mediated inflammatory signaling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: 9a, a novel synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects against XXXX by suppressing MAPK signaling in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['septic injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['septic injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sepsis is a life-threatening clinical condition characterized by uncontrolled inflammatory responses and is a major cause of @entity204 in intensive care units. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have recently exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. MAPK phosphatase (MKP) suppresses MAPK signaling, which plays an important role in inflammatory responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanisms of 9a, a new synthetic HDAC inhibitor, against @entity130 . EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The anti-inflammatory properties of 9a were assayed in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced in C57BL/6 @entity19 by cecal ligation and puncture ( @entity12147 ). The @entity19 were i.p. administered 9a (10 mg   kg-1) 2 h before and immediately after @entity12147 . KEY RESULTS: 9a inhibited the increased production of @entity637 , @entity777 , and @entity842 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. 9a improved survival rate, attenuated organ injuries, and decreased serum @entity637 and @entity777 levels. @entity12147 increased expression of @entity1990 , phosphorylated (p)- @entity1995 , p-JNK, and p-ERK proteins, which was attenuated by 9a. 9a decreased @entity17311 association with @entity12231 and enhanced @entity17311 acetylation and enhanced @entity17311 association with p- @entity1995 and p-ERK. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of 9a on serum cytokine levels and phosphorylation of MAPK were abolished by @entity17311 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our findings suggest that 9a protects against @entity130 by suppressing MAPK-mediated inflammatory signaling. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: 9a, a novel synthetic histone deacetylase inhibitor, protects against @entity130 by suppressing MAPK signaling in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']