abstract: Previous studies have shown that intravenous @entity1033 does modify @entity1910 development, reduce @entity12761 . To assess the clinical efficacy of an oral dosage regimen with 800 mg @entity1033 five times daily, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were carried out at three centres within the U.K., using a common protocol. According to inclusion criteria (immune competent @entity1 over 60 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of @entity4091 with @entity1910 of no more than 72 h duration, no previous systemic antiviral treatment, no history of @entity177 ) 205 @entity1 were recruited after they had given their informed consent. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either two 400 mg tablets @entity1033 (41 @entity1 , 59 @entity1 ) or matching placebo (46 @entity1 , 59 @entity1 ) five times daily for seven days. Treatment was predominantly domiciliary based. According to clinical assessment and @entity158 score @entity1033 recipients showed a significant benefit in terms of reduction in @entity1910 progression if treatment was started within 48 h of the onset of @entity1910 , and alleviation of @entity158 during the acute phase of @entity4091 . Overall, the number of @entity1 developing @entity75 was significantly lower in the @entity1033 group than in the placebo group (p = 0.02). However, there were no significant differences in @entity1910 progression and @entity158 response in @entity1 with @entity4091 affecting the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve in @entity1 who received @entity1033 (n = 21) compared to those who received placebo (n = 32). 12 @entity1033 and 13 placebo recipients reported symptoms, predominantly gastrointestinal in nature, possibly or probably related to therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Oral XXXX for acute herpes zoster infections in immune-competent adults.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['extradermal lesions']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['herpes zoster']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['viral shedding and alleviate acute pain in herpes zoster']

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['acyclovir']


abstract: Surgery is still the single most important treatment modality for @entity0 . Even if some @entity1 with early stage @entity5 are treated, and in a clinical sense cured, by surgery alone, adjuvant local and systemic treatments are required for most @entity1 for the best possible @entity5 control. Surgery must be compatible and timed with other treatment modalities. It helps provide local control, which in some cases is enough for cure but in others is limited to being a means of palliation. Surgery provides the clinical team with material for diagnosis, for prognostication and for help in clinical decision making. The choice of the surgical procedure and its performance should be handled by surgeons, knowledgeable and interested in the field in order to obtain the best possible functional and cosmetic results. An algorithm for deciding the appropriate surgical treatment of the breast is presented. Surgical treatment of the axilla is controversial. Current debate indicates that exploration of the axilla can be safely omitted in some @entity1 groups, but more research is needed. Other important areas for clinical surgical research are use of immediate breast reconstruction, choice of management when margins are involved with @entity5 growth after breast-sparing operations, and surgical @entity5 which have been treated with chemotherapy preoperatively.

title: Role of surgery in invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'approach to tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Conventionally raised crossbred Hampshire @entity1707 were vaccinated orally with attenuated @entity2127 in combination with an anthelmintic, @entity7305 or @entity28962 . @entity1707 in group I (n = 9) were treated with @entity7305 and vaccinated with attenuated @entity2127 and those in group II (n = 9) were treated with @entity7305 and permitted to commingle (contact exposure) with group I. @entity1707 in group III (n = 9) were vaccinated in a similar manner and were treated with @entity28962 . @entity1707 in group IV (n = 9) were treated with @entity28962 and permitted to commingle with group III. Control @entity1707 (group V; n = 9) were not given any anthelmintic, nor were they vaccinated; they were housed separately. During the 8-week interval between vaccination and challenge inoculation, 4 total days and 8 total days of @entity294 were observed in @entity1707 in groups I and II, respectively. Likewise, 5 total days and 10 total days of @entity294 were seen in groups III and IV, respectively. In all groups, the @entity1707 tended to shed the organism in their feces after they were vaccinated or challenge inoculated, as determined by a @entity465 ( @entity465 ) and @entity12870 ( @entity12870 ). Overall mean shedding patterns of 5.5% and 24.5% identified by @entity12870 and @entity465 , respectively, were seen in the 2 @entity7305 -treated groups (I and II). In contrast, mean shedding patterns of 4% and 18% of the isolation attempts were detected by @entity12870 and @entity465 , respectively, in the 2 @entity28962 -treated groups. @entity294 and shedding of @entity2127 in the controls (group V) did not occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX on the clinical and immunologic responses to oral vaccine of @entity2127 .

entities_list: @entity28962 :: ('MESH:D004006', 'Chemical') :: ['dichlorvos']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity2127 :: ('159', 'Species') :: ['Treponema hyodysenteriae', 'T hyodysenteriae']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['FAT', 'fluorescent antibody technique']

entities_list: @entity12870 :: ('MESH:D055191', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'culture procedure']

answer: @entity7305 :: (MESH:D007978,Chemical) :: ['levamisole']


abstract: Conventionally raised crossbred Hampshire @entity1707 were vaccinated orally with attenuated @entity2127 in combination with an anthelmintic, @entity7305 or @entity28962 . @entity1707 in group I (n = 9) were treated with @entity7305 and vaccinated with attenuated @entity2127 and those in group II (n = 9) were treated with @entity7305 and permitted to commingle (contact exposure) with group I. @entity1707 in group III (n = 9) were vaccinated in a similar manner and were treated with @entity28962 . @entity1707 in group IV (n = 9) were treated with @entity28962 and permitted to commingle with group III. Control @entity1707 (group V; n = 9) were not given any anthelmintic, nor were they vaccinated; they were housed separately. During the 8-week interval between vaccination and challenge inoculation, 4 total days and 8 total days of @entity294 were observed in @entity1707 in groups I and II, respectively. Likewise, 5 total days and 10 total days of @entity294 were seen in groups III and IV, respectively. In all groups, the @entity1707 tended to shed the organism in their feces after they were vaccinated or challenge inoculated, as determined by a @entity465 ( @entity465 ) and @entity12870 ( @entity12870 ). Overall mean shedding patterns of 5.5% and 24.5% identified by @entity12870 and @entity465 , respectively, were seen in the 2 @entity7305 -treated groups (I and II). In contrast, mean shedding patterns of 4% and 18% of the isolation attempts were detected by @entity12870 and @entity465 , respectively, in the 2 @entity28962 -treated groups. @entity294 and shedding of @entity2127 in the controls (group V) did not occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity7305 on the clinical and immunologic responses to oral vaccine of XXXX .

answer: @entity2127 :: (159,Species) :: ['Treponema hyodysenteriae']


abstract: The genetic diversity of @entity13474 strains was studied by using 30 isolates obtained from nodules on @entity13474 growing in uninoculated fields over a wide geographic range. The following taxonomic approaches were used: DNA-DNA relatedness analysis, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the amplified 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer (IGS), and total 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The division of @entity13474 -infective strains into two major phylogenetic groups (groups A and B) that has been described previously was confirmed by the polymorphism of the 16S IGS rDNA. We identified a total of five genomic species, including the previously described species @entity73141 . All of the group B strains except one were homogeneous and belonged to a single genomic species corresponding to @entity73141 . Group A was heterogeneous, containing three genomic species and five strains that remained unclassified, and its members had very different PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles. The complete 16S rRNA sequences of strains representing the two major groups, @entity73141 UPM-Ca7T (T = type strain) and genomic species 2 strain UPM-Ca36T, exhibited 19 mismatches. Both of these strains belonged to the @entity49694 -Rhizobium huakuii branch; @entity73141 UPM-Ca7T was closely related to @entity49694 , and strain UPM-Ca36T was clearly separated from @entity73141 and closely related to R. huakuii. Thus, genomic species 2 could be distinguished from @entity73141 by its 16S rRNA sequence, by DNA relatedness data, by the polymorphism of the 16S IGS rDNAs, and by previously described multilocus enzyme electrophoresis results and phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, we propose that strains belonging to genomic species 2 should be classified in a new species, Rhizobium mediterraneum, and that strain UPM-Ca36 should be the type strain.

title: Genomic heterogeneity of strains nodulating XXXX ( @entity13474 .) and description of Rhizobium mediterraneum sp. nov.

entities_list: @entity73141 :: ('39645', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium ciceri', 'R. ciceri']

entities_list: @entity49694 :: ('381', 'Species') :: ['R. loti', 'Rhizobium loti']

entities_list: @entity13474 :: ('3827', 'Species') :: ['chickpea', 'chickpeas']

answer: @entity13474 :: (3827,Species) :: ['chickpeas']


abstract: The genetic diversity of @entity13474 strains was studied by using 30 isolates obtained from nodules on @entity13474 growing in uninoculated fields over a wide geographic range. The following taxonomic approaches were used: DNA-DNA relatedness analysis, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the amplified 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) intergenic spacer (IGS), and total 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The division of @entity13474 -infective strains into two major phylogenetic groups (groups A and B) that has been described previously was confirmed by the polymorphism of the 16S IGS rDNA. We identified a total of five genomic species, including the previously described species @entity73141 . All of the group B strains except one were homogeneous and belonged to a single genomic species corresponding to @entity73141 . Group A was heterogeneous, containing three genomic species and five strains that remained unclassified, and its members had very different PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles. The complete 16S rRNA sequences of strains representing the two major groups, @entity73141 UPM-Ca7T (T = type strain) and genomic species 2 strain UPM-Ca36T, exhibited 19 mismatches. Both of these strains belonged to the @entity49694 -Rhizobium huakuii branch; @entity73141 UPM-Ca7T was closely related to @entity49694 , and strain UPM-Ca36T was clearly separated from @entity73141 and closely related to R. huakuii. Thus, genomic species 2 could be distinguished from @entity73141 by its 16S rRNA sequence, by DNA relatedness data, by the polymorphism of the 16S IGS rDNAs, and by previously described multilocus enzyme electrophoresis results and phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, we propose that strains belonging to genomic species 2 should be classified in a new species, Rhizobium mediterraneum, and that strain UPM-Ca36 should be the type strain.

title: Genomic heterogeneity of strains nodulating @entity13474 ( XXXX .) and description of Rhizobium mediterraneum sp. nov.

answer: @entity13474 :: (3827,Species) :: ['Cicer arietinum L']


abstract: Streptokinase (1 million international units) was given intravenously over 30 or 60 minutes to 50 @entity1 four hours or less after the onset of @entity583 . All were aged less than or equal to 70 years and had 4 mm or greater ST segment elevation in anterior or inferior leads. Rapid (mean 95 min) ST segment resolution, which was taken to indicate reperfusion of the myocardium, occurred in 36 (72%) @entity1 . In these 36 the average time from onset of symptoms to peak @entity908 kinase, @entity908 kinase MB, and myoglobin was 9.45 hours, whereas it was 17 hours in the 14 @entity1 in whom indirect criteria did not indicate reperfusion. Reperfusion @entity943 were invariably present and @entity1165 developed in five @entity1 and @entity2224 in two. The @entity1188 related artery was seen to be open in 28 (70%) of the 40 @entity1 who had delayed coronary arteriography. The frequency of patency in the @entity1188 related artery was no different in @entity1 given streptokinase less than 2 hours or between 2-4 hours from onset of symptoms nor did it differ when streptokinase was infused over 30 or 60 minutes. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 57% in those with a @entity1 @entity1188 related artery and 48% in those with an occluded vessel. Eight @entity1 subsequently underwent elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty after successful thrombolysis and six had coronary artery bypass grafting. There were nine in-hospital reocclusions of the @entity1188 related coronary arteries. Two @entity548 episodes occurred; one required transfusion. Five of the 50 @entity1 died in hospital. All of them had had an anterior @entity583 ; four had @entity616 and one had @entity714 . During follow up, four @entity1 died, two suddenly and two from reinfarction. During follow up (mean 15 months) the frequency of reinfarction, dyspnoea, and angina was low and there was no difference in the proportions of @entity1 returning to work between those with an open @entity1188 related artery and those with a closed @entity1188 related artery. Intravenous administration of high dose streptokinase to selected @entity1 during the acute phase of @entity583 is a safe, effective, and practical method of thrombolysis. It must, however, be followed by coronary arteriography to select those @entity1 in whom percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting will be helpful.

title: High dose intravenous streptokinase in XXXX --short and long term prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['bifascicular block']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The Wolfram, or @entity19278 , syndrome is a rare @entity66 that is associated with @entity2010 , @entity1723 of an early onset, bilateral @entity1952 and @entity2319 . @entity5450 are usually present as well. We have studied nine @entity1 belonging to five different families. All of the family members were HLA typed (including DR), and islet cell as well as antinuclear antibody determinations were carried out. Although individuals with @entity1723 are very prone to have either HLA- @entity4106 or - @entity4107 antigens, none of our @entity1 had @entity4106 antigens and only one was @entity4107 positive. On the other hand, three of our @entity1 were typed as HLA-DR2 positive. This antigen is uncommon in classical insulin dependent @entity6 . In one of the families, the affected siblings did not share the same HLA haplotype. Islet cell and antinuclear antibodies were not found in any of the cases and six of the @entity1 had a small, but significant, insulin secretory reserve. On the basis of some of the clinical features it was also possible to further distinguish between the @entity19278 and the classical @entity1723 . The differences encountered between classical and @entity1723 --the presence/absence of HLA linkage, HLA-DR2, - @entity4106 and - @entity4107 associations, islet cell or antinuclear antibodies, the tendency to @entity1270 and @entity6 --indicate that their etiopathogenies are triggered by distinct mechanisms.

title: Contrasting features of XXXX associated with neuroectodermal defects and classical @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disease']

entities_list: @entity19278 :: ('MESH:D014929', 'Disease') :: ['DIDMOAD', 'DIDMOAD syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['Urological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin dependent diabetes mellitus', 'DIDMOAD insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The Wolfram, or @entity19278 , syndrome is a rare @entity66 that is associated with @entity2010 , @entity1723 of an early onset, bilateral @entity1952 and @entity2319 . @entity5450 are usually present as well. We have studied nine @entity1 belonging to five different families. All of the family members were HLA typed (including DR), and islet cell as well as antinuclear antibody determinations were carried out. Although individuals with @entity1723 are very prone to have either HLA- @entity4106 or - @entity4107 antigens, none of our @entity1 had @entity4106 antigens and only one was @entity4107 positive. On the other hand, three of our @entity1 were typed as HLA-DR2 positive. This antigen is uncommon in classical insulin dependent @entity6 . In one of the families, the affected siblings did not share the same HLA haplotype. Islet cell and antinuclear antibodies were not found in any of the cases and six of the @entity1 had a small, but significant, insulin secretory reserve. On the basis of some of the clinical features it was also possible to further distinguish between the @entity19278 and the classical @entity1723 . The differences encountered between classical and @entity1723 --the presence/absence of HLA linkage, HLA-DR2, - @entity4106 and - @entity4107 associations, islet cell or antinuclear antibodies, the tendency to @entity1270 and @entity6 --indicate that their etiopathogenies are triggered by distinct mechanisms.

title: Contrasting features of @entity1723 associated with neuroectodermal defects and classical XXXX .

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity3549 has now been shown to produce an increase in @entity916 release in a number of species, including @entity1 . Our work suggests that @entity3549 is capable of producing this effect by a direct action on the @entity916 -secreting juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. We have found no evidence to support the possibility that @entity3549 produces this effect as a neurotransmitter in the kidney. In this regard, it should be noted that @entity3549 has been identified as a cotransmitter primarily in cholinergic neurons. The kidney is thought to lack cholinergic innervation, and @entity934 has no effect on @entity916 secretion. We have explored two conditions where @entity916 secretion is known to increase and found that circulating levels of @entity3549 did not increase along with the increase in PRA. Thus, at least in @entity548 and dietary @entity1372 restriction, @entity3549 does not appear to affect @entity916 secretion through a humoral mechanism. There could be other untested situations where a humoral effect of @entity3549 might come into play since we have shown that the whole animal is capable of increasing plasma @entity3549 to levels that affect @entity916 release. Studies employing recently developed @entity3549 antagonists have the potential to determine in which physiological or pathological situations @entity3549 contributes to the control of @entity916 secretion. For example, in @entity326 , plasma levels of both @entity3549 and PRA are significantly elevated. Could the increase in PRA be partly dependent on an action of circulating @entity3549 ?

title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide and XXXX secretion.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxic shock']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: Twenty-one @entity1 with chronic @entity31 (CUC) or @entity1412 underwent total colectomy, rectal mucosectomy, @entity4628 formation and @entity254 of the pouch to the dentate line. Eleven (52%) intraoperative problems occurred. No deaths resulted. Ten (48%) @entity260 were treated without operative intervention. Ten @entity260 required a minor or major procedure to remedy the problem. The most common major complications were four small @entity1744 . The only septic complication was a single wound @entity281 . Functional results have been satisfactory with 14 of 19 (74%) having six or fewer bowel movements per day. Most @entity1 do not wear perineal pads either day or night. Only one @entity1 felt his lifestyle had worsened. Seventeen of 19 (90%) @entity1 were satisfied with their result and would choose to have the operation again. Frequent diarrheal stools associated with @entity322 was the primary reason for a failure and excision of one pouch. This procedure is becoming the alternative of choice for CUC and @entity1412 because of the ability to cure the disease as well as preserve anal sphincter function.

title: A review of twenty-one rectal mucosectomy and XXXX pull through procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal pouch']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis', 'familial polyposis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstructions']

answer: @entity4628 :: (MESH:D007077,Disease) :: ['ileal pouch']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prognostic significance of recanalisation of a chronically occluded @entity1188 @entity34715 remains controversial, in contrast to early re-opening of the @entity1188 vessel in the acute state of @entity1188 . It was the purpose of this prospective study to discover whether successful recanalisation in the former influences the incidence of @entity299 ( @entity204 , @entity1188 , by-pass operation) and clinical symptoms in the long term. @entity1 AND METHOD: Recanalisation procedures were successful in 58, unsuccessful in 41 of 99 @entity1 (81 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ; mean age 55 [28-79] years) with anterior wall (n = 53) or posterior wall (n = 46) @entity583 (AMI and PMI, respectively). The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, left-ventricular function, indication, exercise capacity and premedication. But the interval between @entity1188 and recanalisation was shorter in the @entity1 who had successful recanalisation (5.1 +/- 5.3 vs 7.8 +/- 7.6 months; P < 0.05). Mean follow-up period for all @entity1 was 55.8 +/- 8.9 months after the recanalisation procedure. RESULTS: There were significantly fewer @entity299 after successful than failed recanalisation, both for the total group of @entity1 (5% vs 23%; P < 0.01) and those with @entity3660 (9 vs 36%; P = 0.012). In the @entity1 with PMI there was only a trend in favour of those with successful recanalisation (0% vs 14%; P = 0.058). Symptomatic improvement was reported by 73% of @entity1 after successful but only 40% after failed recanalisation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The results provide pointers towards prognostic indications of recanalisation even after chronic occlusion of the @entity1188 vessel. The procedure should therefore be attempted if the occlusion is morphologically suitable.

title: [The recanalization of the chronically occluded XXXX @entity34715 . The reduction of @entity299 in long-term clinical follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity34715 :: ('MESH:D003330', 'Disease') :: ['vessel in single-vessel coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prognostic significance of recanalisation of a chronically occluded @entity1188 @entity34715 remains controversial, in contrast to early re-opening of the @entity1188 vessel in the acute state of @entity1188 . It was the purpose of this prospective study to discover whether successful recanalisation in the former influences the incidence of @entity299 ( @entity204 , @entity1188 , by-pass operation) and clinical symptoms in the long term. @entity1 AND METHOD: Recanalisation procedures were successful in 58, unsuccessful in 41 of 99 @entity1 (81 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ; mean age 55 [28-79] years) with anterior wall (n = 53) or posterior wall (n = 46) @entity583 (AMI and PMI, respectively). The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, left-ventricular function, indication, exercise capacity and premedication. But the interval between @entity1188 and recanalisation was shorter in the @entity1 who had successful recanalisation (5.1 +/- 5.3 vs 7.8 +/- 7.6 months; P < 0.05). Mean follow-up period for all @entity1 was 55.8 +/- 8.9 months after the recanalisation procedure. RESULTS: There were significantly fewer @entity299 after successful than failed recanalisation, both for the total group of @entity1 (5% vs 23%; P < 0.01) and those with @entity3660 (9 vs 36%; P = 0.012). In the @entity1 with PMI there was only a trend in favour of those with successful recanalisation (0% vs 14%; P = 0.058). Symptomatic improvement was reported by 73% of @entity1 after successful but only 40% after failed recanalisation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The results provide pointers towards prognostic indications of recanalisation even after chronic occlusion of the @entity1188 vessel. The procedure should therefore be attempted if the occlusion is morphologically suitable.

title: [The recanalization of the chronically occluded @entity1188 XXXX . The reduction of @entity299 in long-term clinical follow-up].

answer: @entity34715 :: (MESH:D003330,Disease) :: ['vessel in single-vessel coronary disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prognostic significance of recanalisation of a chronically occluded @entity1188 @entity34715 remains controversial, in contrast to early re-opening of the @entity1188 vessel in the acute state of @entity1188 . It was the purpose of this prospective study to discover whether successful recanalisation in the former influences the incidence of @entity299 ( @entity204 , @entity1188 , by-pass operation) and clinical symptoms in the long term. @entity1 AND METHOD: Recanalisation procedures were successful in 58, unsuccessful in 41 of 99 @entity1 (81 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ; mean age 55 [28-79] years) with anterior wall (n = 53) or posterior wall (n = 46) @entity583 (AMI and PMI, respectively). The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, left-ventricular function, indication, exercise capacity and premedication. But the interval between @entity1188 and recanalisation was shorter in the @entity1 who had successful recanalisation (5.1 +/- 5.3 vs 7.8 +/- 7.6 months; P < 0.05). Mean follow-up period for all @entity1 was 55.8 +/- 8.9 months after the recanalisation procedure. RESULTS: There were significantly fewer @entity299 after successful than failed recanalisation, both for the total group of @entity1 (5% vs 23%; P < 0.01) and those with @entity3660 (9 vs 36%; P = 0.012). In the @entity1 with PMI there was only a trend in favour of those with successful recanalisation (0% vs 14%; P = 0.058). Symptomatic improvement was reported by 73% of @entity1 after successful but only 40% after failed recanalisation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The results provide pointers towards prognostic indications of recanalisation even after chronic occlusion of the @entity1188 vessel. The procedure should therefore be attempted if the occlusion is morphologically suitable.

title: [The recanalization of the chronically occluded @entity1188 @entity34715 . The reduction of XXXX in long-term clinical follow-up].

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: AIM: The study was designed to characterise more exactly the complex syndrome of exercise-induced @entity110 and @entity2021 in order to obtain guidelines for their management. METHODS: 30 @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 with physical exercise-induced @entity110 and @entity2021 were investigated by questionnaire. The following items were of particular interest: age and sex; age at first manifestation; type, duration and intensity of the precipitating activity; type, duration and sequence of symptoms; prophylactic or therapeutic measures as cofactors. RESULTS: Initial symptoms occurred at an average age of 22 (7-50) years. Atopy was present in 70%. Jogging (60%), ball games (40%) and walking (27%) were the most frequent precipitating activities. On each occasion symptoms began a few minutes to hours after the start of the exercise. During a typical episode an average of eight symptoms were observed, most frequently affecting the skin ( @entity111 , angiooedema, @entity5105 and @entity110 ), dyspnoea and @entity344 . @entity1163 occurred in nine @entity1 : before they lost consciousness they noted at least two prodromal symptoms. The most common co-factors were humid-warm weather, severe @entity9201 and eating certain foods shortly before the exercise. Prophylactic measures were quite different between individuals. CONCLUSION: Providing detailed information on how to avoid possible cofactors and manage prodromal symptoms should be at the forefront of looking after such @entity1 , most of whom lead a rather active life.

title: [Exercise-induced XXXX and @entity2021 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal manifestations']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity110 :: (MESH:D014581,Disease) :: ['urticaria']


abstract: AIM: The study was designed to characterise more exactly the complex syndrome of exercise-induced @entity110 and @entity2021 in order to obtain guidelines for their management. METHODS: 30 @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 with physical exercise-induced @entity110 and @entity2021 were investigated by questionnaire. The following items were of particular interest: age and sex; age at first manifestation; type, duration and intensity of the precipitating activity; type, duration and sequence of symptoms; prophylactic or therapeutic measures as cofactors. RESULTS: Initial symptoms occurred at an average age of 22 (7-50) years. Atopy was present in 70%. Jogging (60%), ball games (40%) and walking (27%) were the most frequent precipitating activities. On each occasion symptoms began a few minutes to hours after the start of the exercise. During a typical episode an average of eight symptoms were observed, most frequently affecting the skin ( @entity111 , angiooedema, @entity5105 and @entity110 ), dyspnoea and @entity344 . @entity1163 occurred in nine @entity1 : before they lost consciousness they noted at least two prodromal symptoms. The most common co-factors were humid-warm weather, severe @entity9201 and eating certain foods shortly before the exercise. Prophylactic measures were quite different between individuals. CONCLUSION: Providing detailed information on how to avoid possible cofactors and manage prodromal symptoms should be at the forefront of looking after such @entity1 , most of whom lead a rather active life.

title: [Exercise-induced @entity110 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylaxis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Molecular genetics are a fundamental turning point in the approach to @entity74 of adults ( @entity28046 ). DNA analysis makes diagnosis possible at in any ontogenic period, i.e. also during the prenatal period. The objective of the present study was to test the presymptomatic DNA diagnosis in a major group of @entity1 with @entity28046 and the possibility to detect the disease in the initial stage and influence its development by early treatment and advise the @entity1 on parenthood. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 1990-1994 the authors contacted 157 @entity1 with @entity8 , @entity4479 ( @entity28046 ). 87 families were examined by Southern's RFLP method (gene @entity13704 , 16p13.3, standard probe 3'HVR and restrictase Pvu II). Of 493 members of these families only 25 (5.1%) refused to be examined. So far 378 examinations were completed, 90 proceed. In 40 of 132 examined subjects with the risk of @entity28046 transmission of the gene was proved. Of four examinations of the foetus with the risk of @entity28046 twice transmission of the gene was proved and the pregnancy was terminated. In three families with three or more members suffering from @entity28046 in some there was not agreement between the result of linkage analysis of DNA and the clinical finding. The authors analyzed whether the cause is recombination or ADKPD conditioned by mutation of gene @entity25900 (4p13-23). Linkage analysis remains in @entity28046 the basic examination as the sequence of gene @entity13704 is not yet completed. Discovery of gene @entity25900 the mutations of which condition as many as 15% of all cases of @entity28046 has an impact on the evaluation of linkage analysis. The reliability of prediction rises with the number of examined subjects in the family. The examination revealed that @entity1 are willing to have DNA examinations (as many as 98%); despite this the number of examined subjects is only a small fraction of the anticipated 10,000 @entity1 in the Czech Republic suffering from @entity28046 : CONCLUSIONS: DNA analysis in @entity1 with @entity8 is the most important examination for its diagnosis. It makes the diagnosis possible in all stages of ontogenesis, incl. prenatal diagnosis. It is a highly valid parameter when these @entity1 decide on parenthood. It makes early treatment possible which can influence the development of the disease and its complications.

title: [Autosomal dominant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease', 'autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity4479 :: ('MESH:C538052', 'Disease') :: ['adult type']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant hereditary renal polycystosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['hereditary polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Up to the present time radical microsurgery of the @entity5 was considered the most satisfactory treatment. Now an ever more important part in the treatment of these @entity5 is played by radiosurgery. It involves minimal surgical stress, a minimal rate of complications and minimal change of lifestyle during the postoperative period. The objective of the submitted work was to evaluate the authors' results with the use of Leksell's gamma knife. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 1992-1994 48 @entity1 with @entity1653 were indicated for treatment with a gamma knife. The group comprised 12 @entity1 (25%) and 36 @entity1 (75%) aged 18-73 years (mean age 52.8 years which did not differ significantly in the two groups). In 19 @entity1 (39.6%) one or more neurosurgical operations were carried out previously, in 4 @entity1 (8.3%) fractionated radiotherapy. Karnofski's score, as an indicator of the general condition, varied between 30-90%, the mean value for the whole group being 71%. The calculated volume of the @entity1653 was between 0.7 and 25.8 cm3, the average being 7.4 cm3. @entity4 in the adjacent area of the @entity5 was found in 6 @entity1 (12.5%). In 19 @entity1 (39.6%) the @entity5 was at the base of the skull, in 29 @entity1 (60.4%) at other sites. The radiosurgically administered dose was within the range of 6.5-24 Gy, on average 14,2 Gy, on the isodose on average 50.7% (range 40-75%). The dose below the maximum was within the range of 13-45 Gy), on average 28.3 Gy. Only in two @entity1 fractionated administration of the dose was used. After a 6-month interval following operation 30 @entity1 were examined. In 7 @entity1 (23.3%) partial wrinkling of the @entity1653 occurred (range 6-18 months), Karnofski's score improved by 10% in 8 (26.6%) and deteriorated in 3 @entity1 (10%). The neurodeficit improved in 7 (23.3%) and deteriorated in 4 @entity1 (13.3%). @entity4 developed in 5 @entity1 (16.6%) 5-7 months after operation, in about half the @entity1 it was symptom free. During the follow up period 2 @entity1 died (8 and 5 months following surgery): in one the cause of @entity204 was not associated with the basic disease, in the second @entity1 (where radiotherapy was the third neurosurgical operation) the radiosurgical operation could not reverse tha fatal course of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Radiosurgery of @entity1653 is a safe therapeutic method with zero mortality, minimal surgical stress, a minimal rate of complications and a minimal morbidity. It is indicated in @entity1653 and possibly their residues after subtotal neurosurgery up to a maximal volume of 30 cm3. It is primary treatment suitable in particular in old. @entity1 , @entity1 with a high per- and postoperative risk and in @entity1 refusing open neurosurgery.

title: [Radiosurgical treatment of XXXX with the Leksell gamma knife].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Collateral oedema']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas', 'meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: Paroxysmal sensorimotor phenomena of spinal cord origin are well documented in the literature dealing with @entity15 , but have seldom been identified in other conditions. These @entity410 are characterized by tonic @entity2473 in the extremities, often accompanied by @entity158 , and are fleeting, usually lasting no more than two minutes. Although they may occur spontaneously, they are commonly precipitated by tactile stimulation or movement of the extremity. These episodes must be clinically differentiated from @entity508 as they have been shown to be responsive to anticonvulsants such as @entity2049 ( @entity2049 ). We present two @entity1 admitted to our rehabilitation facility with a diagnosis of @entity5697 . Clinical and diagnostic evaluation revealed no evidence of @entity15 and follow-up studies for two and one-half years in case 1 and one year in case 2 continued to support the admitting diagnoses. Each @entity1 developed focal sensorimotor phenomena relatively early in the course of the disease which interfered with rehabilitation. Effective treatment was obtained with administration of @entity2049 . Subsequently, both @entity1 developed signs and symptoms of @entity15 . The complication of @entity410 may become a limiting factor in the rehabilitation of @entity1 with @entity5697 is recognized and appropriate anticonvulsant therapy initiated. It may also be the first indicator that @entity15 rather than "idiopathic" transverse @entity602 is present.

title: XXXX in transverse @entity602 : report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5697 :: ('MESH:D009188', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic transverse myelopathy unless the disorder', 'idiopathic transverse myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'spinal cord seizures']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['Tegretol', 'carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Spinal cord seizures']


abstract: Paroxysmal sensorimotor phenomena of spinal cord origin are well documented in the literature dealing with @entity15 , but have seldom been identified in other conditions. These @entity410 are characterized by tonic @entity2473 in the extremities, often accompanied by @entity158 , and are fleeting, usually lasting no more than two minutes. Although they may occur spontaneously, they are commonly precipitated by tactile stimulation or movement of the extremity. These episodes must be clinically differentiated from @entity508 as they have been shown to be responsive to anticonvulsants such as @entity2049 ( @entity2049 ). We present two @entity1 admitted to our rehabilitation facility with a diagnosis of @entity5697 . Clinical and diagnostic evaluation revealed no evidence of @entity15 and follow-up studies for two and one-half years in case 1 and one year in case 2 continued to support the admitting diagnoses. Each @entity1 developed focal sensorimotor phenomena relatively early in the course of the disease which interfered with rehabilitation. Effective treatment was obtained with administration of @entity2049 . Subsequently, both @entity1 developed signs and symptoms of @entity15 . The complication of @entity410 may become a limiting factor in the rehabilitation of @entity1 with @entity5697 is recognized and appropriate anticonvulsant therapy initiated. It may also be the first indicator that @entity15 rather than "idiopathic" transverse @entity602 is present.

title: @entity410 in transverse XXXX : report of two cases.

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2124 replacement in adults may be considered beneficial by clinicians, but @entity1 may not perceive any benefits. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were any factors which influenced whether an adult wished to continue on long-term GH replacement after taking part in a study of GH replacement. DESIGN: A 12-month study (double-blind placebo controlled for the first 6 months and open for the second 6 months) of GH replacement (0.125 IU/kg/week for the first month and 0.25 IU/kg/week thereafter) in adults. @entity1 : Sixty-three adults (27 @entity1 , 36 @entity1 , aged 34.9 +/- 1.4 (mean +/- SE, range 20.1-59.5) years) with @entity2338 (peak serum GH response to provocative testing less than 10 mU/l) who entered a 12-month study of GH replacement. Thirty @entity1 (48%) wished to continue on GH replacement and 33 @entity1 (52%) did not wish to continue on GH replacement after the study. MEASUREMENTS: Biochemical, anthropometric and demographic characteristics, and well-being, were compared in those @entity1 who wished to continue on long-term GH replacement and in those who did not. In the two groups of @entity1 the age, height, weight, body mass index, serum @entity442 , @entity2301 and @entity442 age matched standard deviation score ( @entity214 ) were compared at entry into the study, and changes in @entity442 , @entity2301 and @entity442 SDS were compared after 6 months of GH replacement. The @entity1 were compared according to pretreatment peak serum GH response to provocative testing, sex, estimated duration of @entity2338 , whether @entity2338 was of childhood or adult onset, presence or absence of additional @entity7961 , underlying @entity74 , previous therapeutic interventions, employment status, marital status and living arrangement, and according to development of side-effects of GH replacement and the requirement for reduction in dose of GH because of side-effects during the study. Scores on two questionnaire measures of well-being or distress, the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and the Psychological General Well-Being Schedule (PGWBS), were compared at entry into the study in the two groups, as were change in scores on these questionnaires after 6 months of GH replacement. RESULTS: Those who continued on GH replacement tended to have a greater severity of @entity2338 (median peak serum GH concentration 0.7 vs 2.3 mU/l, P = 0.06), tended to have greater distress in terms of energy (NHP, P = 0.06) and vitality (PGWBS, P = 0.06) at entry into the study and showed an improvement in energy during the study compared with no change in those who did not wish to continue on GH replacement (NHP, P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: Those adults who wished to continue on GH replacement tended to have a greater severity of @entity2338 , to experience more distress in terms of energy and vitality at entry into the study and to experience an improvement in energy after 6 months treatment with GH.

title: Factors influencing the desire for long-term XXXX replacement in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGFBP-3', 'IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I', 'insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pathological disorder']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hormone deficiencies']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: We studied prospectively 154 febrile @entity1 to determine the diagnostic value of the quantitative serum @entity1851 concentrations ( @entity1851 ). @entity1 with @entity697 , @entity697 , or treated with antibiotics during the two previous weeks and @entity1 less than 2 months of age were excluded. Ninety seven @entity1 were from private paediatric practice and 57 were @entity1 who had been admitted to hospital. The comparison group consisted of 75 @entity1 with confirmed @entity2348 whose @entity1851 values were recorded retrospectively. In the study group 35 (23%) @entity1 had a confirmed @entity1800 , 92 (59%) had a probable @entity1800 as judged from the clinical picture and outcome of the illness, and 27 (18%) had a bacterial or probable @entity2348 . When the duration of the disease was more than 12 hours and the @entity1851 value less than 20 mg/l, all @entity1 had a confirmed or probable @entity1800 . Nine @entity1 (one from the study group and eight from the comparison group) were found to have a @entity281 and a @entity1851 value of 20 mg/l or less. In all these cases, however, the duration of the symptoms was less than 12 hours. In addition @entity1851 less than or equal to 20 mg/l was found in five (14%) @entity1 with @entity293 in the comparison group. @entity1851 values of 20-40 mg/l were recorded in @entity1 with both viral and @entity2348 . A @entity1851 value greater than or equal to 40 mg/l detected 79% of @entity2348 with 90% specificity. Our data show that determination of serum @entity1851 concentrations is a valuable tool in evaluating @entity1 who have been ill for more than 12 hours.

title: XXXX in the evaluation of febrile illness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'acute tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['septic infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C reactive protein']


abstract: Mitral valve repair has been increasingly used at our hospital for @entity339 with and without @entity301 . From January, 1984, to June, 1987, of 338 @entity1 undergoing all forms of mitral valve surgery, 140 had first-time surgery for pure @entity339 : 75 had valve repair, and 65 had valve replacement. Thirty-three of 75 (44%) had concomitant coronary bypass in the repair group, while 21 of 65 (32%) had coronary bypass in the replacement group. The mean functional class (3.4 versus 3.5), age (60 versus 61 years), and preoperative hemodynamics were similar in both groups. The cause of @entity339 in the repair group was myxomatous change in 32 @entity1 , @entity63 in 27, @entity627 in 12, and @entity884 in 4. A Carpentier ring was used in 46, a Duran ring was used in 11, and none was used in 18. The operative mortality was 3 of 75 @entity1 (4%) in the repair group, all with coronary artery bypass grafting, versus 2 of 65 @entity1 (3%) in the replacement group, 1 of whom had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting. The mean postoperative functional class 15 months postoperatively was 1.12 in the repair group versus 1.15 in the replacement group. There were 7 late deaths in the replacement group and only 3 late deaths in the repair group. Actuarial survival at 30 months was 85 +/- 6% for the replacement group and 94 +/- 4% for the repair group. There were 5 late emboli (1 fatal, 4 nonfatal) after valve replacement and none after valve repair (p = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparative morbidity of mitral valve repair versus replacement for XXXX with and without coronary artery disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity717 ( @entity717 ) is an escalating challenge to individuals and the welfare state, with mental health problems as imminent hazard. The objective of the present paper was to determine if a diagnosis of @entity308 increased the risk of subsequent @entity717 , and whether the risk differed by gender. A population cohort of 1230 @entity1 were diagnostically interviewed (Composite International Diagnostic Interview, CIDI) in a population study examining mental health, linked to the @entity717 registry and followed for 10  years. The risk for @entity717 following @entity308 was estimated using Cox regression. Life-time @entity308 , as well as current @entity308 , increased the risk of subsequent @entity717 for both genders. The fully adjusted [baseline health, health behavior and socio-economic status (SES)] hazard ratios (HRs) for life-time depressed @entity1 and @entity1 were 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-5.8] and 1.6 (95% CI 1.0-2.5) respectively. @entity1 were significantly older at time of @entity717 . There are reasons to believe that @entity308 went under-recognized and under-treated. To augment knowledge in the field, without underestimating @entity308 as risk for @entity717 , a deeper understanding of the nature and effects of other distress is needed. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Predicting disability pension - XXXX as hazard: a 10  year population-based cohort study in norway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Men', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['DP', 'Disability pension']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the increasing evidence of their health benefits, whole grains are recommended for consumption worldwide. Such recommendations are, however, rarely quantitative. Our aim was to perform a quantitative evaluation of the relationship between whole grain consumption and the occurrence of @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) to support a recommendation on the daily consumption of whole grains. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a systematic review by searching three bibliographic databases. We included @entity1 studies addressing the relationship between whole grain consumption and @entity2175 occurrence, and providing quantitative information on daily intake of whole grains. A dose-response meta-regression analysis between whole grain intake and @entity2175 occurrence was performed, using a hierarchical mixed least square linear regression model. Eight observational studies were included (all but one prospective), with a total of 15,573 cases of @entity2175 among 316,051 @entity1 . Quantitative meta-regression demonstrated a significant linear inverse relationship between whole grain intake and @entity2175 occurrence (P<0.0001), with an overall absolute reduction of 0.3% in the @entity2175 rate for each additional 10 g of whole grain ingredient consumed daily. The association persisted when adjusted on sex, age, country, study design, follow up duration, and mode of report of whole grain intakes (as foods or ingredients). CONCLUSIONS: The meta-regression model made it possible to estimate the decrease in @entity2175 risk corresponding to various changes in whole grain intakes, and the results contribute to setting up quantitative recommendations. For instance, consuming three servings of whole grain foods (45 g of whole grain ingredients) daily would induce a 20% relative reduction in the @entity2175 risk as compared to consuming a half serving (7.5 g of whole grain ingredients). These results should be considered for future recommendations, by considering the actual whole grain intake of the concerned populations. The systematic review protocol was published on the PROSPERO register (CRD42013006925).

title: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of XXXX Studies to Support a Quantitative Recommendation for Whole Grain Intake in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'participants']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: 1. The @entity35 heart develops a @entity1184 after @entity1188 which is secondary to @entity1284 in the left ventricle (LV) and to pressure overload in the right ventricle (RV). This study was undertaken to determine whether the reduced inotropic response to @entity141 presented by the LV of infarcted @entity35 extends to the RV and whether this hemodynamic profile in vivo affects the contractile performance of the ventricles assessed in vitro. 2. Male adult @entity35 were submitted to left coronary artery ligation to produce @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) or to a sham surgery (SO) and used 4 to 5 weeks later. The hemodynamic data were recorded in the anesthetized animals and the systolic performance of both ventricles was evaluated in vitro in the hearts perfused by the Langendorff technique. The isovolumic systolic pressure (ISP) developed by both ventricles was measured at various diastolic pressures (0 to 30 mmHg) and @entity141 concentrations (0.62, 1.25, and 2.50 mM). 3. The RV systolic pressure was higher in @entity1188 (N = 12) than in SO (N = 12) @entity35 (42 +/- 5 vs 26 +/- 1 mmHg, P < 0.05). A positive and linear correlation (r = 0.86, P < 0.01) between RV systolic pressure and the RV weight to body weight ratio in @entity1188 @entity35 was observed. 4. Length-dependent activation, evaluated by using normalized ventricular function curves, was unchanged in the RV of @entity1188 hearts. In the @entity1188 LV, however, a slight improvement of the normalized systolic performance was observed in relation to SO hearts for diastolic pressures higher than 15 mmHg. 5. A similar @entity308 of the inotropic response to @entity141 was observed in both ventricles of @entity1188 hearts. Moreover, for @entity1188 hearts the increase of the ISP to @entity141 flattened at lower @entity141 concentrations in relation to the SO group. 6. The present results demonstrate that LV @entity1188 in @entity35 depresses the contractile performance of both ventricles. The reduced inotropic response to @entity141 presented by both ventricles may contribute to the reduced capacity of the @entity1188 heart to generate external work under conditions of higher metabolic demand.

title: Analysis of right and left ventricular performance of the XXXX heart with chronic myocardial infarction.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Inf', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Microorganisms responsible for the degradation of @entity11966 in a clean forest soil sample were identified by DNA-based stable isotope probing (SIP). The soil was artificially amended with either 12C- or @entity7352 -labeled @entity11966 , and soil DNA was extracted on days 3, 6 and 9. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) results revealed that the fragments of 219- and 241-bp in HaeIII digests were distributed throughout the gradient profile at three different sampling time points, and both fragments were more dominant in the heavy fractions of the samples exposed to the @entity7352 -labeled contaminant. 16S rRNA sequencing of the @entity7352 -enriched fraction suggested that Acidobacterium spp. within the class Acidobacteria, and Collimonas spp. within the class Betaproteobacteria, were directly involved in the uptake and degradation of @entity11966 at different times. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the genus Collimonas has the ability to degrade @entity2556 . Two PAH-RHDa genes were identified in @entity7352 -labeled DNA. However, isolation of pure cultures indicated that strains of Staphylococcus sp. @entity45299 , Pseudomonas sp. PHE-1, and Pseudomonas sp. PHE-2 in the soil had high @entity11966 -degrading ability. This emphasizes the role of a culture-independent method in the functional understanding of microbial communities in situ.

title: Novel XXXX -Degrading Bacteria Identified by DNA-Stable Isotope Probing.

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity11966 :: (MESH:C031181,Chemical) :: ['Phenanthrene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The model of the isolated and superfused retina provides the opportunity to test drugs and toxins. Some chemicals have to be applied using low concentrations of organic solvents as carriers. Recently, @entity73142 ) and T-type (Cav3.2) voltage-gated @entity141 channels were identified as participating in reciprocal inhibitory retinal signaling. Their participation is apparent, when low concentrations of @entity4437 (15   M) are applied during superfusion leading to an increase of the ERG b-wave amplitude, which is explained by a reduction of amacrine @entity1246 -release onto @entity528 . During these investigations, differences were observed for the solvent carrier used. METHODS: Recording of the transretinal receptor potentials from the isolated @entity291 retina. RESULTS: The pretreatment of @entity291 retina with 0.01  % (v/v) @entity3733 did not impair the @entity4437 -mediated increase of the b-wave amplitude, which was 1.31-fold        0.03 of initial value (n   =   4). However, pretreatment of the retina with the same concentration of @entity1068 impaired reciprocal signaling (0.96-fold        0.05, n   =   4). Further, the implicit time of the b-wave was increased, suggesting that @entity1068 itself but not @entity3733 may antagonize @entity1246 -receptors. CONCLUSION: @entity1068 itself but not @entity3733 may block @entity1246 receptors and cause an amplitude increase by itself, so that reciprocal signaling is impaired.

title: Low concentrations of @entity1068 but not of XXXX ( @entity3733 ) impair reciprocal retinal signal transduction.

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar neurons']

answer: @entity3733 :: (MESH:D004121,Chemical) :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The model of the isolated and superfused retina provides the opportunity to test drugs and toxins. Some chemicals have to be applied using low concentrations of organic solvents as carriers. Recently, @entity73142 ) and T-type (Cav3.2) voltage-gated @entity141 channels were identified as participating in reciprocal inhibitory retinal signaling. Their participation is apparent, when low concentrations of @entity4437 (15   M) are applied during superfusion leading to an increase of the ERG b-wave amplitude, which is explained by a reduction of amacrine @entity1246 -release onto @entity528 . During these investigations, differences were observed for the solvent carrier used. METHODS: Recording of the transretinal receptor potentials from the isolated @entity291 retina. RESULTS: The pretreatment of @entity291 retina with 0.01  % (v/v) @entity3733 did not impair the @entity4437 -mediated increase of the b-wave amplitude, which was 1.31-fold        0.03 of initial value (n   =   4). However, pretreatment of the retina with the same concentration of @entity1068 impaired reciprocal signaling (0.96-fold        0.05, n   =   4). Further, the implicit time of the b-wave was increased, suggesting that @entity1068 itself but not @entity3733 may antagonize @entity1246 -receptors. CONCLUSION: @entity1068 itself but not @entity3733 may block @entity1246 receptors and cause an amplitude increase by itself, so that reciprocal signaling is impaired.

title: Low concentrations of @entity1068 but not of @entity3733 ( XXXX ) impair reciprocal retinal signal transduction.

answer: @entity3733 :: (MESH:D004121,Chemical) :: ['DMSO']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The model of the isolated and superfused retina provides the opportunity to test drugs and toxins. Some chemicals have to be applied using low concentrations of organic solvents as carriers. Recently, @entity73142 ) and T-type (Cav3.2) voltage-gated @entity141 channels were identified as participating in reciprocal inhibitory retinal signaling. Their participation is apparent, when low concentrations of @entity4437 (15   M) are applied during superfusion leading to an increase of the ERG b-wave amplitude, which is explained by a reduction of amacrine @entity1246 -release onto @entity528 . During these investigations, differences were observed for the solvent carrier used. METHODS: Recording of the transretinal receptor potentials from the isolated @entity291 retina. RESULTS: The pretreatment of @entity291 retina with 0.01  % (v/v) @entity3733 did not impair the @entity4437 -mediated increase of the b-wave amplitude, which was 1.31-fold        0.03 of initial value (n   =   4). However, pretreatment of the retina with the same concentration of @entity1068 impaired reciprocal signaling (0.96-fold        0.05, n   =   4). Further, the implicit time of the b-wave was increased, suggesting that @entity1068 itself but not @entity3733 may antagonize @entity1246 -receptors. CONCLUSION: @entity1068 itself but not @entity3733 may block @entity1246 receptors and cause an amplitude increase by itself, so that reciprocal signaling is impaired.

title: Low concentrations of XXXX but not of @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) impair reciprocal retinal signal transduction.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Gender differences in prevalence and prognostic impact of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have been poorly evaluated. In @entity583 , female gender has been independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. @entity740 has been found to be an important prognostic marker in @entity583 . The aim of this study was to evaluate gender differences in prevalence and prognostic impact of @entity740 on short-term and long-term mortality. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: The national quality register SWEDEHEART was used. In the beginning of the study period, 94% of the Swedish coronary care units contributed data to the register, which subsequently increased to 100%. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated ( @entity470 ) according to Modification of Diet in @entity8 Study (MDRD) and Cockcroft-Gault (CG). @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity583 registered in SWEDEHEART from the years 2003-2009 were included (37   991 @entity1 , 66% @entity1 ). MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 had 1.6 (MDRD) to 2.2 (CG) times higher multivariable adjusted risk of @entity740 . Half of the @entity1 had @entity740 according to CG. @entity740 was associated with 2-2.5 times higher risk of in-hospital mortality and approximately 1.5 times higher risk of long-term mortality in both genders. Each 10   mL/min decline of @entity470 was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital and long-term mortality (22-33% and 9-16%, respectively) and this did not vary significantly by gender. Both in-hospital and long-term mortality were doubled in @entity1 . After multivariable adjustment including @entity470 , there was no longer any gender difference in early outcome and the long-term outcome was better in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity583 , female gender was independently associated with @entity740 . Reduced @entity470 was a strong independent risk factor for short-term and long-term mortality without a significant gender difference in prognostic impact and seems to be an important reason why @entity1 have higher mortality than @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: Prevalence and prognostic impact of XXXX in @entity583 from a gender perspective: data from the SWEDEHEART register, a large Swedish prospective cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST segment elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Gender differences in prevalence and prognostic impact of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have been poorly evaluated. In @entity583 , female gender has been independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. @entity740 has been found to be an important prognostic marker in @entity583 . The aim of this study was to evaluate gender differences in prevalence and prognostic impact of @entity740 on short-term and long-term mortality. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: The national quality register SWEDEHEART was used. In the beginning of the study period, 94% of the Swedish coronary care units contributed data to the register, which subsequently increased to 100%. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated ( @entity470 ) according to Modification of Diet in @entity8 Study (MDRD) and Cockcroft-Gault (CG). @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity583 registered in SWEDEHEART from the years 2003-2009 were included (37   991 @entity1 , 66% @entity1 ). MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 had 1.6 (MDRD) to 2.2 (CG) times higher multivariable adjusted risk of @entity740 . Half of the @entity1 had @entity740 according to CG. @entity740 was associated with 2-2.5 times higher risk of in-hospital mortality and approximately 1.5 times higher risk of long-term mortality in both genders. Each 10   mL/min decline of @entity470 was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital and long-term mortality (22-33% and 9-16%, respectively) and this did not vary significantly by gender. Both in-hospital and long-term mortality were doubled in @entity1 . After multivariable adjustment including @entity470 , there was no longer any gender difference in early outcome and the long-term outcome was better in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity583 , female gender was independently associated with @entity740 . Reduced @entity470 was a strong independent risk factor for short-term and long-term mortality without a significant gender difference in prognostic impact and seems to be an important reason why @entity1 have higher mortality than @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: Prevalence and prognostic impact of @entity740 in XXXX from a gender perspective: data from the SWEDEHEART register, a large Swedish prospective cohort.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['STEMI']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies exist on food sensitization and challenge-proven food @entity566 in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE: To describe the study design and methodology to recruit @entity1 from an African population for skin prick testing and oral food challenges and the use of preliminary data to investigate the extent to which the study sample is representative of the target population. METHODS: @entity1 12 to 36 months old were recruited from childcare education facilities in Cape Town. @entity1 underwent skin prick testing to foods. Those with a reactive wheal of at least 1 mm larger than the negative control and not clearly tolerant according to history to a full age-appropriate portion to at least 1 food underwent oral food challenges. Parents who chose not to participate completed a nonparticipant questionnaire. Interim analysis of at least 500 respondents was performed. Demographic features of participating @entity1 were compared with those of nonparticipants and the population demographics of the most recent Cape Town census data. RESULTS: The response rate was 60.1%, with high participation and completion rates of 96.5% and 97.5%, respectively. Demographics of the completed @entity1 sample were similar to those of the Cape Town census. Use of a nonrespondent questionnaire indicated no selection bias in favor of increased participation of @entity1 with @entity566 . No ethnic differences in sensitization or food @entity566 were evident. CONCLUSION: The study was safe and feasible and the recruitment was effective and representative of the target population. Future studies will aim to increase the precision of the prevalence of food sensitization and @entity566 , describe environmental risk factors, and include a @entity234 .

title: The South African Food Sensitisation and Food Allergy population-based study of IgE-mediated food XXXX : validity, safety, and acceptability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['rural black African cohort']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: In nasal biopsies from 17 adult @entity1 with @entity2023 and from 10 healthy controls, cytokines were analyzed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The time-course study during winter included repeated local allergen provocation with subsequent nasal biopsies as well as biopsies taken during pollen season. The RT-PCR for @entity1759 yielded positive bands in 65 of 71 cases, in which cases mRNA for @entity73143 ( @entity1199 , @entity3646 , and @entity225 ) were thus investigated by means of seminested PCR. @entity3646 mRNA was found almost exclusively in the @entity56 @entity1 . During provocation a significant increase in @entity3646 was noticed compared with controls (p = 0.043). Equally, during the natural pollen season, @entity3646 mRNA expression was significantly higher in @entity1 not using nasal corticosteroids compared with those who did (p = 0.011). No differences in @entity1199 or @entity225 were observed between the groups. These findings also indicate, together with earlier observations of T-cell activation, a phenotype switch toward T-helper 2 (Th2) cells, and the accumulation (homing) of these T cells in the nasal mucosa, that T cells constitute the main source for @entity3646 in the nasal mucosa. Therefore, @entity56 @entity1 have an increased synthesis of @entity3646 when provoked with the allergen, and during natural pollen season this synthesis can be downregulated by @entity288 . Furthermore, this study exemplifies the versatility of molecular biology in surgical pathology and that even low-copy-number cytokine mRNA can be examined in routinely snap-frozen surgical specimens.

title: Nasal messenger RNA expression of interleukins 2, 4, and 5 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: In nasal biopsies from 17 adult @entity1 with @entity2023 and from 10 healthy controls, cytokines were analyzed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The time-course study during winter included repeated local allergen provocation with subsequent nasal biopsies as well as biopsies taken during pollen season. The RT-PCR for @entity1759 yielded positive bands in 65 of 71 cases, in which cases mRNA for @entity73143 ( @entity1199 , @entity3646 , and @entity225 ) were thus investigated by means of seminested PCR. @entity3646 mRNA was found almost exclusively in the @entity56 @entity1 . During provocation a significant increase in @entity3646 was noticed compared with controls (p = 0.043). Equally, during the natural pollen season, @entity3646 mRNA expression was significantly higher in @entity1 not using nasal corticosteroids compared with those who did (p = 0.011). No differences in @entity1199 or @entity225 were observed between the groups. These findings also indicate, together with earlier observations of T-cell activation, a phenotype switch toward T-helper 2 (Th2) cells, and the accumulation (homing) of these T cells in the nasal mucosa, that T cells constitute the main source for @entity3646 in the nasal mucosa. Therefore, @entity56 @entity1 have an increased synthesis of @entity3646 when provoked with the allergen, and during natural pollen season this synthesis can be downregulated by @entity288 . Furthermore, this study exemplifies the versatility of molecular biology in surgical pathology and that even low-copy-number cytokine mRNA can be examined in routinely snap-frozen surgical specimens.

title: Nasal messenger RNA expression of interleukins 2, 4, and 5 in XXXX with @entity2023 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical management of sterile pancreatic @entity39 is still a matter of debate. In this study we analyzed the clinical course and outcome of @entity1 with @entity788 treated surgically versus nonsurgically. STUDY DESIGN: Between May 1982 and December 1993, 249 @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ) entered this study, of which 172 (69 percent) had intraoperatively or fine needle aspiration-proven sterile @entity788 . One hundred seven of 172 @entity1 underwent surgery (S group) with necrosectomy and continuous postoperative closed lavage and 65 of 172 were treated by nonsurgical means ( @entity7031 group). RESULTS: Median Ranson and admission APACHE II scores were 4.7 (range, 1 to 10) and 11 (range, 1 to 29) in the S group, significantly higher than those in the @entity7031 group with 3.0 (range, 0 to 6) (p = 0.022) and 8 (range, 1 to 23) (p = 0.036). After 48 hours of intensive care treatment, APACHE II scores persisted at 10.5 (range, 1 to 29) in the S group and decreased to 6 (range, 0 to 15) (p = 0.013) in the @entity7031 @entity1 . Median @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels on admission were 179 mg/L and 68.5 mg/L (p = 0.023), respectively. Within 72 hours, 61 (94 percent) of 65 @entity7031 -managed @entity1 responded to intensive care therapy, whereas organ complications persisted or increased and thus led to surgery in the S group. Mortality rates were 13.1 percent in the surgically treated @entity1 and 6.2 percent in the nonsurgically treated @entity1 (p = @entity7031 ). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with limited and sterile pancreatic @entity39 respond to intensive care treatment. Indication for surgery in sterile @entity788 should be based on persisting or advancing organ complications despite intensive care therapy. APACHE II scores and admission @entity1851 levels represent a helpful tool in decision making for surgical or nonsurgical management of @entity788 .

title: Management of sterile @entity39 in instances of severe acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'necrotizing pancreatitis', 'sterile necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical management of sterile pancreatic @entity39 is still a matter of debate. In this study we analyzed the clinical course and outcome of @entity1 with @entity788 treated surgically versus nonsurgically. STUDY DESIGN: Between May 1982 and December 1993, 249 @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ) entered this study, of which 172 (69 percent) had intraoperatively or fine needle aspiration-proven sterile @entity788 . One hundred seven of 172 @entity1 underwent surgery (S group) with necrosectomy and continuous postoperative closed lavage and 65 of 172 were treated by nonsurgical means ( @entity7031 group). RESULTS: Median Ranson and admission APACHE II scores were 4.7 (range, 1 to 10) and 11 (range, 1 to 29) in the S group, significantly higher than those in the @entity7031 group with 3.0 (range, 0 to 6) (p = 0.022) and 8 (range, 1 to 23) (p = 0.036). After 48 hours of intensive care treatment, APACHE II scores persisted at 10.5 (range, 1 to 29) in the S group and decreased to 6 (range, 0 to 15) (p = 0.013) in the @entity7031 @entity1 . Median @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels on admission were 179 mg/L and 68.5 mg/L (p = 0.023), respectively. Within 72 hours, 61 (94 percent) of 65 @entity7031 -managed @entity1 responded to intensive care therapy, whereas organ complications persisted or increased and thus led to surgery in the S group. Mortality rates were 13.1 percent in the surgically treated @entity1 and 6.2 percent in the nonsurgically treated @entity1 (p = @entity7031 ). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with limited and sterile pancreatic @entity39 respond to intensive care treatment. Indication for surgery in sterile @entity788 should be based on persisting or advancing organ complications despite intensive care therapy. APACHE II scores and admission @entity1851 levels represent a helpful tool in decision making for surgical or nonsurgical management of @entity788 .

title: Management of sterile XXXX in instances of severe acute @entity788 .

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: In the early 1950s before antidepressants were in use, I conceived the idea of treating @entity1 with pure @entity308 by having them abstain from night sleep for two or more nights. The idea was based on several clinical observations: "It looks as if sleep as such has an unfortunate influence on the state of the @entity308 and as if the organism itself resists the sleep rhythm during the period of @entity308 ." My first clinical experiment was conducted in June 1954 and was followed later by several others. At that time, I could not ascertain from the available literature whether this therapy had been tried elsewhere. The experiments completely confirmed that the hypothesis was correct--that the @entity1 ' condition had improved and that the treatment influenced the subcortical processes which determined the complaint. This led to studies on the transmitter function in the states of sleeping and waking, respectively, among healthy and sick @entity1 or, more precisely, the influence of darkness and light, respectively, on these functions. The studies appeared to confirm that therapy in which the @entity1 is kept awake encourages the production of activating substances such as antidepressants. The most recent research on @entity2493 , which is formed in the corpus pineale, is briefly discussed. Provisional results seem to indicate that this substance has an inhibiting effect on vital brain functions in periods of darkness (periods of sleep) and thus contributes to the maintenance of the @entity308 because @entity2493 is especially produced in the dark periods of the daily cycle. These investigations, though still at an experimental stage, suggest exciting possibilities, also for psychiatry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Abstinence from night sleep as a treatment for XXXX . The earliest observations in a Danish mental hospital (1954) and an analysis of the causal mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['endogenous depressions', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['endogenous depressions']


abstract: Using principles from the theory of mathematical morphology, a semiautomatic analysis of the size and shape of cell nuclei on tissue sections was carried out on a @entity262 ( @entity262 ). The four parameters proposed here are more discriminatory than conventional shape evaluation by the form factor (FF), which is based on the ratio of perimeter squared to area. The parameters quantified, respectively, nuclear elongation ( @entity11702 ), narrow (R1) and wide (R2) irregularities, and the distribution of R1 and R2 along the nuclear contour ( @entity25878 ). The properties of these parameters were tested nucleus-by-nucleus on 24 nuclear models. The methodology was then illustrated by a study of lymph node nuclei in @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Prior to analysis, 45 @entity706 were classified into five categories of nuclear size and shape according to the International Working Formulation (IWF). Two hundred nuclei were measured on each lymph node section. Statistical interpretation was based upon an analysis of the nuclear surface area on sections and upon the mean values of R1, R2, and @entity11702 , the standard deviations of R1 and R2, and the percentage of cleaved nuclei detected by @entity25878 . The mean value of R2 discriminated best between the two sets of populations with regular and irregular nuclear contours, respectively. Parameters R1, @entity11702 , and @entity25878 permitted the distinction of certain @entity1893 cases among populations with irregular nuclei. Nuclear invaginations decreased in depth as the nuclear area became greater. The median surface area was well correlated to the IWF, and the @entity1319 (third statistical moment of the nuclear surface area distribution) was related to the number of nuclear size or shape subpopulations.

title: An application of mathematical morphology to analysis of the size and shape of nuclei in tissue sections of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Leitz Texture Analysis System', 'Leitz-TAS']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['skewness coefficient']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: Preoperative treatment for @entity1149 is not new, but recently it has gained increasing acceptance in the management of locally advanced disease. Preoperative radiotherapy has been studied extensively but has never been demonstrated to improve survival in locally advanced (N2,T3) disease. However, it is still considered part of the accepted management for superior @entity5 . In the past 15 years, many Phase II trials have investigated the use of induction chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy as part of the treatment plan for Stage IIIA @entity1 , especially those with preoperatively identified N2 disease who have a poor prognosis following primary surgical resection, with or without postoperative adjuvant therapy. Preoperative chemotherapy trials, as exemplified by the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Toronto @entity27810 ( @entity1138 , @entity5713 , and @entity900 ) trials, have demonstrated what appear to be improved median survival time and prolonged 5-year survival when compared to historical controls. More recently, three relatively small randomized trials have demonstrated statistically significant improvement in @entity1 treated preoperatively with induction chemotherapy. More widely investigated in Phase II trials has been the use of chemoradiotherapy as an induction protocol. The chemotherapy has usually been @entity902 based and has been given prior to, or concurrent with, radiotherapy. The two largest series to date (Rush-Presbyterian and Southwest Oncology Group) have both suggested improved median survival times and prolonged survival using this approach. Three recently completed nonsurgical trials have demonstrated the superiority in median and long-term survival of primary chemoradiotherapy compared to primary radiotherapy alone in treating locally advanced, inoperable @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neoadjuvant (induction) treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage IIIA and IIIB lung cancer', 'sulcus tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: A @entity6 professional education program was conducted and evaluated with 31 physicians from a @entity497 . Treatment guidelines were established by @entity6 experts and community practitioners. To document effectiveness, medical record and survey data on 397 @entity1 of the physicians were collected before and after the program. Each @entity1 received a profile of their baseline performance as compared with peers as part of the educational program. A syllabus was designed to complement both the treatment guidelines and the findings from the baseline data. A telephone conference call with a @entity6 consultant also occurred. A comparison between data collected before and after the program showed no significant differences in blood @entity413 levels or hospitalization rates. Physicians were more likely to recommend self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG) (7% versus 20%, P less than 0.05) and to examine their @entity1 ' feet (47% versus 73%, P less than 0.05) after the program. More @entity1 education was available in the office (53% versus 73%). @entity1 using insulin were more likely to test urine for @entity16623 (48% versus 61%, P less than 0.05) and know that decreased sensation in the feet could lead to injury (42% versus 53%, P less than 0.05). However, no improvements were noted in monitoring other complications, regulating diet, or in most aspects of @entity1 education after the program. The results indicated the need for increased emphasis on the value of brief appropriate examinations for monitoring complications of @entity6 and the need for physicians to learn techniques for counseling @entity1 in self-management as well as to refer their @entity1 to educational resources.

title: Assessment of XXXX continuing medical education.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['rural/suburban community']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The purpose of this study has been to further define the pathophysiologic aspects of @entity651 caused by the inhalation of endotoxin ( @entity558 ) using the morphometric approach to identify mediators that influence distal lung structure and function. Hamsters were divided into 3 groups 24 h prior to low dose @entity558 inhalation exposure (4 micrograms/m3 for 5 h): (1) pretreated with cobra venom factor to deplete complement in vivo, (2) pretreated with @entity3352 to block @entity3009 production, and (3) untreated control group. Both pretreatments abolished @entity558 -induced @entity358 as well as increases in capillary PMN and platelets seen in untreated control animals. Neither pretreatment had any effect on the @entity558 -induced decreases of other capillary leukocytes. Similarly, both methods of pretreatment failed to block increases in cellular interstitium of distal capillary septa induced with @entity558 alone. @entity558 provoked changes in capillary endothelium, especially seen as an increase in numerical density of endothelial pinocytotic vesicles. Decomplementation failed to alter this increase, but @entity3352 pretreatment blocked the effect. Neither treatment had any effect on their size. Low dose @entity558 inhalation also altered pulmonary capillary permeability to a 125I-BSA probe, which was found in significantly greater amounts in @entity558 -exposed lungs than in those of saline aerosol control lungs, but was not present in the air space as evidenced by negligible counts in bronchoalveolar lavages. It is evident that endotoxin on the epithelial side of the air-blood barrier leads to changes on the other side of that barrier.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mediators of XXXX induced by inhalation of bacterial endotoxin.

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in lung volume']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['pulmonary injury']


abstract: @entity320 , one of the most rapidly increasing @entity5 in @entity1 , has recently received substantial attention in the world literature concerning application of traditional morphologic and newer immunologic and molecular biologic methods of predicting progression and ultimate clinical outcome. Although clinical features of @entity1 sex, age and anatomic site of the lesion are important, classic morphologic variables defining prognosis remain the cornerstone of predicting disease outcome. Extent of radial growth phase and the two microstaging methods of measuring @entity5 thickness and determining level of invasion remain the critical disease progression predictors. Assessment of mitotic rate, number of @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes, and determining the presence of regression, @entity1066 , and epithelioid cell component, microscopic satellites and vascular invasion are also important. More recently a variety of molecular and biochemical prognostic markers have been cited for prediction of disease recurrence and @entity3 . Both overexpression and down regulation of a variety of cell adhesion molecules have been implicated in disease progression as has alterations in the plasminogen activation system. A series of growth factors, growth factor receptors, oncogenes and @entity5 suppressor genes have also been considered. Structural and numerical genomic DNA abnormalities, cell proliferation markers and DNA ploidy status have also been considered. Recently a variety of serum and blood markers indicating disease persistence or progression have been studied including melanin synthesis precursors and intermediate compounds of melanogenesis. Molecular detection by PCR of melanogenesis specific mRNA may become the most sensitive prognostic marker of the future. At present histopathologic and clinical criteria remain the cornerstones of predicting prognosis in @entity320 .

title: XXXX : pathology, relevant prognostic indicators and progression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: Bone strength at the ultradistal radius, quantified by micro-finite element modeling, can be predicted by variables obtained from high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans. The specific formula for this bone strength surrogate (-555.2 + 8.1   [trabecular vBMD] + 19.6   [cortical area] + 4.2   [total cross-sectional area]) should be validated and tested in @entity174 risk assessment. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to identify key determinants of ultradistal radius (UDR) strength and evaluate their relationships with age, sex @entity134 levels, and measures of habitual skeletal loading. METHODS: UDR failure load (~strength) was assessed by micro-finite element ( FE) modeling in 105 postmenopausal controls from an earlier @entity174 case-control study. Predictors of bone strength obtained by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) in this group were then evaluated in a population-based cohort of 214 postmenopausal @entity1 . Sex @entity230 were measured by mass spectrometry. RESULTS: A surrogate variable (-555.2 + 8.1   [trabecular vBMD] + 19.6   [cortical area] + 4.2   [total cross-sectional area]) predicted UDR strength modeled by  FE (R(2) = 0.81), and all parameters except total cross-sectional area declined with age. Evaluated cross-sectionally, the 21% fall in predicted bone strength between ages 40-49 years and 80+ years more resembled the change in trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) (-15%) than that in cortical area (-41%). In multivariable analyses, measures of body composition and physical activity were stronger predictors of UDR trabecular vBMD, cortical area, total cross-sectional area, and predicted bone strength than were sex @entity134 levels, but bio-available @entity53 and @entity251 were correlated with body mass. CONCLUSIONS: Bone strength at the UDR, as quantified by  FE, can be predicted from variables obtained by HRpQCT. Predicted bone strength declines with age with changes in UDR trabecular vBMD and cortical area, related in turn to reduced skeletal loading and sex @entity134 levels. The predicted bone strength formula should be validated and tested in @entity174 risk assessment.

title: Determinants of forearm strength in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['forearm fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']