abstract: PURPOSE: To identify all hospitalized @entity1 surviving severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) in Denmark and to compare these @entity1 to @entity131 @entity1 admitted to highly specialized rehabilitation (HS-rehabilitation). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 surviving severe @entity131 were identified from The Danish National @entity1 Registry and The Danish @entity542 Database. Overall incidence rates of surviving severe @entity131 and incidence rates of admission to HS-rehabilitation after severe @entity131 were estimated and compared. @entity1 -related predictors of no admission to HS-rehabilitation among @entity1 surviving severe @entity131 were identified using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: The average incidence rate of surviving severe @entity131 was 2.3 per 100,000 @entity1 years. Incidence rates of HS-rehabilitation were generally stable around 2.0 per 100,000 @entity1 years. Overall, 84% of all @entity1 surviving severe @entity131 were admitted to HS-rehabilitation. Female sex, older age, and non-working status pre-injury were independent predictors of no HS-rehabilitation among @entity1 surviving severe @entity131 . CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of hospitalized @entity1 surviving severe @entity131 was stable in Denmark and the majority of the @entity1 were admitted to HS-rehabilitation. However, potential inequity in access to HS-rehabilitation may still be present despite a health care system based on equal access for all citizens.

title: Surviving severe XXXX in Denmark: incidence and predictors of highly specialized rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head Trauma']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Brazil has an aging population, with an associated increase in the prevalence of @entity102 . @entity170 is of particular concern because it leads to an increased risk of @entity174 , with subsequent negative impacts on health in older @entity1 . In recent years, efforts have been made to better understand the epidemiology of @entity170 in Brazil, and to manage both direct and indirect costs to the Brazilian health care system. The reported prevalence of @entity170 among postmenopausal @entity1 in Brazil varies from 15% to 33%, depending on the study methodology and the use of bone densitometry data or self-reporting by @entity1 . A diagnosis of @entity170 can be made on the basis of @entity174 occurring without significant @entity130 or on the basis of low bone mineral density measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. To reduce the risk of @entity170 , all postmenopausal @entity1 should be encouraged to maintain a healthy lifestyle, which includes physical activity and a balanced diet. Smoking and alcohol use should also be addressed. Special attention should be given to interventions to reduce the risk of falls, especially among older @entity1 . Calcium intake should be encouraged, preferably through diet. The decision to recommend calcium supplementation should be made individually because there is concern about a possible increased risk of @entity65 associated with this treatment. Brazilian @entity1 obtain a minimal amount of vitamin D from their diet, and supplementation is warranted in @entity1 with little exposure to solar ultraviolet-B radiation. For @entity1 diagnosed with @entity170 , some form of pharmacologic therapy should be initiated. Compliance with treatment should be monitored, and the treatment period should be individualized for each @entity1 . The Brazilian government provides medication for @entity170 through the public health system free of charge, but without proper epidemiological knowledge, the implementation of public health programs is impaired.

title: The epidemiology and management of XXXX : a viewpoint from Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of consolidation radiotherapy ( @entity138 ) in advanced-stage @entity978 ( @entity978 ) with initial bulky sites after radiological complete remission (CR) or partial response (PR) with positron emission tomography-negative (metabolic CR) following standard chemotherapy (ABVD [Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine]) six to eight cycles. @entity1 AND METHODS: Adult @entity1 with @entity978 treated at our institute during the period 2006 to 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. One hundred and ninety-two @entity1 with @entity66 size (>7 cm) who attained radiological CR/PR and metabolic CR were included in the analysis. One hundred and thirteen @entity1 who received radiotherapy ( @entity138 ) as consolidation postchemotherapy ( @entity138 group) were compared to 79 @entity1 who did not receive @entity138 ( @entity138 ). Disease-free (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared according to treatment group by the log-rank tests at P  <=0.05 significance level. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 33 (range: 14 to 81) years. Eighty-four @entity1 received involved-field radiation and 29 @entity1 received involved-site @entity138 . The @entity138 group had worse prognostic factors compared to the @entity138 . Thirteen (12%) relapses occurred in the @entity138 group, and 19 (24%) relapses occurred in the @entity138 . Nine @entity1 (8%) in the @entity138 group died, compared to eleven @entity1 (14%) in the @entity138 . Second @entity5 were seen in only five @entity1 : three @entity1 in the @entity138 group compared to two @entity1 in the @entity138 . At 5 years, overall DFS was 79%  9% and @entity1349 was 85%  9%. There was significant statistical difference between the @entity138 group and the @entity138 regarding 5-year DFS: 86%  7% and 74%  9%, respectively (P  <=0.02). However, the 5-year @entity1349 was 90%  5% for the @entity138 group and 83%  8% for the @entity138 , with no statistical difference (P  <=0.3). CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that consolidation @entity138 in @entity1 with @entity978 with @entity66 who had postchemotherapy radiologic CR or PR with metabolic CR improved the DFS.

title: The benefit of consolidation radiotherapy to initial disease bulk in @entity1 with advanced XXXX who achieved complete remission after standard chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['initial bulky disease']

entities_list: @entity138 :: ('MESH:C563738', 'Disease') :: ['non-RT group', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease", 'advanced-stage HD']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of consolidation radiotherapy ( @entity138 ) in advanced-stage @entity978 ( @entity978 ) with initial bulky sites after radiological complete remission (CR) or partial response (PR) with positron emission tomography-negative (metabolic CR) following standard chemotherapy (ABVD [Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine]) six to eight cycles. @entity1 AND METHODS: Adult @entity1 with @entity978 treated at our institute during the period 2006 to 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. One hundred and ninety-two @entity1 with @entity66 size (>7 cm) who attained radiological CR/PR and metabolic CR were included in the analysis. One hundred and thirteen @entity1 who received radiotherapy ( @entity138 ) as consolidation postchemotherapy ( @entity138 group) were compared to 79 @entity1 who did not receive @entity138 ( @entity138 ). Disease-free (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared according to treatment group by the log-rank tests at P  <=0.05 significance level. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 33 (range: 14 to 81) years. Eighty-four @entity1 received involved-field radiation and 29 @entity1 received involved-site @entity138 . The @entity138 group had worse prognostic factors compared to the @entity138 . Thirteen (12%) relapses occurred in the @entity138 group, and 19 (24%) relapses occurred in the @entity138 . Nine @entity1 (8%) in the @entity138 group died, compared to eleven @entity1 (14%) in the @entity138 . Second @entity5 were seen in only five @entity1 : three @entity1 in the @entity138 group compared to two @entity1 in the @entity138 . At 5 years, overall DFS was 79%  9% and @entity1349 was 85%  9%. There was significant statistical difference between the @entity138 group and the @entity138 regarding 5-year DFS: 86%  7% and 74%  9%, respectively (P  <=0.02). However, the 5-year @entity1349 was 90%  5% for the @entity138 group and 83%  8% for the @entity138 , with no statistical difference (P  <=0.3). CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that consolidation @entity138 in @entity1 with @entity978 with @entity66 who had postchemotherapy radiologic CR or PR with metabolic CR improved the DFS.

title: The benefit of consolidation radiotherapy to initial disease bulk in XXXX with advanced @entity978 who achieved complete remission after standard chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Enteropathogenic @entity526 (EPEC) divided into two groups typical and atypical (aspect). The main virulence genes are located in a pathogenicity island called LEE (Locus of Enterocyte Effacement). LEE frequently inserted in tRNA genes of selC, pheU and @entity4973 in the bacterial chromosome. tEPEC and aEPEC strains have some differences in their pathogenicity. The purpose of this was to investigate the possible differences between tEPEC and aEPEC strains according to the virulence genes encoding by LEE and their relation to insertion sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study 130 @entity526 isolates confirmed by biochemical analysis from diarrheal @entity1 , were evaluated for EPEC pathotype by PCR. All EPEC strains tested for presence of some LEE encoded virulence genes and sites of LEE insertion by PCR method. RESULTS: Among 50 strains of EPEC 28 (56%) and 22 (44%) were typical and atypical strains respectively. 19 strains (30%) showed insertion in selC, 7 (14%) in pheU, 4 (8%) in @entity4973 , 8 (16%) in pheU and @entity4973 , 1 (2%) in selC and pheU, 6 (12%) in @entity4973 , pheU and selC and 5 (10%) had no insertion in these sites. Moreover, @entity11028 (n = 8, 16%), espB (n = 16, 32%), espD (n = 18, 36%), espF (n = 8, 16%), espG (n = 13, 26%), espH (n = 12, 24%), map (n = 11, 32%) and tir (n = 4, 8%) were present among the strains. CONCLUSION: Results showed that most of the virulence genes are present in tEPEC isolates. However, aEPEC isolates may acquire other virulence factors. The majority of tEPEC strains showed insertion at selC and aEPEC strains in @entity4973 and pheU.

title: Genetic evaluation of Locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island (LEE) in Enteropathogenic XXXX isolates (EPEC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Utah Improving Care through Connectivity and Collaboration (IC3) Beacon community (2010-2013) was spearheaded by HealthInsight, a nonprofit, community-based organization. One of the main objectives of IC(3) was to improve health care provided to @entity1 with @entity6 in three Utah counties, collaborating with 21 independent smaller clinics and two large health care enterprises. This paper will focus on the use of @entity283 ( @entity283 ) and practice facilitation to develop and implement new care processes to improve clinic workflow and ultimately improve @entity1 ' @entity6 outcomes at 21 participating smaller, independent clinics. INNOVATION: Early in the project, we learned that most of the 21 clinics did not have the resources needed to successfully implement quality improvement (QI) initiatives. IC(3) helped clinics effectively use data generated from their electronic health records (EHRs) to design and implement interventions to improve @entity1 ' @entity6 outcomes. This close coupling of @entity283 , expert practice facilitation, and Learning Collaboratives was found to be especially valuable in clinics with limited resources. FINDINGS: Through this process we learned that (1) an extensive readiness assessment improved clinic retention, (2) clinic champions were important for a successful collaboration, and (3) current EHR systems have limited functionality to assist in QI initiatives. In general, smaller, independent clinics lack knowledge and experience with QI and have limited @entity283 experience to improve @entity1 care using electronic clinical data. Additionally, future projects like IC(3) Beacon will be instrumental in changing clinic culture so that QI is integrated into routine workflow. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Our efforts led to significant changes in how practice staff optimized their EHRs to manage and improve @entity6 care, while establishing the framework for sustainability. Some of the IC(3) Beacon practices are currently smoothly transitioning to new models of care such as @entity1 -Centered Medical Homes. Thus, IC(3) Beacon has been instrumental in creating a strong community partnership among various organizations to meet the shared vision of better health and lower costs, and the experience over the last few years has helped the community prepare for the changing health care landscape.

title: The utah beacon experience: integrating quality improvement, @entity283 , and practice facilitation to improve XXXX outcomes in small health care facilities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HIT', 'health information technology']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Utah Improving Care through Connectivity and Collaboration (IC3) Beacon community (2010-2013) was spearheaded by HealthInsight, a nonprofit, community-based organization. One of the main objectives of IC(3) was to improve health care provided to @entity1 with @entity6 in three Utah counties, collaborating with 21 independent smaller clinics and two large health care enterprises. This paper will focus on the use of @entity283 ( @entity283 ) and practice facilitation to develop and implement new care processes to improve clinic workflow and ultimately improve @entity1 ' @entity6 outcomes at 21 participating smaller, independent clinics. INNOVATION: Early in the project, we learned that most of the 21 clinics did not have the resources needed to successfully implement quality improvement (QI) initiatives. IC(3) helped clinics effectively use data generated from their electronic health records (EHRs) to design and implement interventions to improve @entity1 ' @entity6 outcomes. This close coupling of @entity283 , expert practice facilitation, and Learning Collaboratives was found to be especially valuable in clinics with limited resources. FINDINGS: Through this process we learned that (1) an extensive readiness assessment improved clinic retention, (2) clinic champions were important for a successful collaboration, and (3) current EHR systems have limited functionality to assist in QI initiatives. In general, smaller, independent clinics lack knowledge and experience with QI and have limited @entity283 experience to improve @entity1 care using electronic clinical data. Additionally, future projects like IC(3) Beacon will be instrumental in changing clinic culture so that QI is integrated into routine workflow. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Our efforts led to significant changes in how practice staff optimized their EHRs to manage and improve @entity6 care, while establishing the framework for sustainability. Some of the IC(3) Beacon practices are currently smoothly transitioning to new models of care such as @entity1 -Centered Medical Homes. Thus, IC(3) Beacon has been instrumental in creating a strong community partnership among various organizations to meet the shared vision of better health and lower costs, and the experience over the last few years has helped the community prepare for the changing health care landscape.

title: The utah beacon experience: integrating quality improvement, XXXX , and practice facilitation to improve @entity6 outcomes in small health care facilities.

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['health information technology']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Southeastern (SE) Minnesota @entity36740 organized all the health care providers, county public health organizations, and school districts in the deployment and integration of health information exchange (HIE) and targeted health communication around childhood @entity565 and @entity6 . The community cooperated to establish a clinical data repository for all residents in the 11-county region. Through this community of practice approach that involved traditional and nontraditional providers, the SE Minnesota @entity36740 was able to realize unique applications of this technology. This manuscript overviews the associated organization and infrastructure of this community collaboration. BACKGROUND: The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC), as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) stimulus, established 17 projects throughout the United States targeting the introduction and meaningful use of @entity283 ( @entity283 ). These 17 communities were intended to serve as an example of what could be accomplished. The SE Minnesota @entity36740 is one of these communities. METHODS: The community ultimately opted for peer-to-peer HIE, using Nationwide Health Information Network (NwHIN) Connect software. The clinical data repository was established using the infrastructure developed by the Regenstrief Institute, which operated as a trusted third party. As an extension to HIE, the consortium of county public health departments created a @entity1 data portal for use by school nurses and parents. Childhood @entity565 was addressed by creating, exchanging, and maintaining an " @entity565 action plan" for each affected @entity1 , shared throughout the community, including through the @entity1 portal. @entity6 management introduced @entity1 treatment decision tools and @entity1 quality of life measures, facilitating care. @entity683 vaccination was enhanced by large-scale community reporting in partnership with the state vaccination registry. The methodology and principles for arriving at these solutions included community engagement, sustainability, scalability, standards, and best practices that fit a variety of organizations-from large, robust providers to small organizations. FINDINGS: The SE Minnesota @entity36740 demonstrated that all providers for a geographically defined population can cooperate in the development and shared governance of a low-cost, sustainable HIE, and the operation of a community-managed clinical data repository. Furthermore, these infrastructures can be leveraged to collaboratively improve the care of @entity1 , as demonstrated for childhood @entity565 and adult @entity6 . CONCLUSION: The shared governance of @entity283 by a community can palpably change the scope and success of collaborations targeted to improve @entity1 and community health care.

title: The Southeastern Minnesota XXXX Project for Community-driven Health Information Technology: Origins, Achievements, and Legacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['Influenza']

answer: @entity36740 :: (59286,Gene) :: ['Beacon']


abstract: A dominant mutation in the @entity19 , @entity4219 ( @entity4219 ), induces @entity4218 in heterozygotes. Typical expression includes axial shortening of the radius, tibia and talus (' @entity4219 '), with supernumerary metacarpals, metatarsals, and digits ('polydactyly'). Pathogenesis was investigated during developmental stages 16 through 22 (11th through 15th days of gestation). Full expression was apparent during stage 20 when the limb pattern was comprised of pre-cartilaginous anlagen. Formation of a pre-axial protrusion on the autopod during stage 17 or 18 was the earliest gross abnormality, and foreshadowed the development of @entity13258 . Microscopically, there was an alteration in the pattern of @entity528 ( @entity528 ) programmed to occur within the zeugopod and autopod. The 'opaque patch' (mesodermal necrotic zone normally occurring between tibial and fibular anlagen) was overextended pre-axially causing resorption of the tibial precartilage. Additionally, @entity528 normally occurring within the basal cell layer of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and the 'foyer primaire pr  axial' was not expressed in the mutant autopod. This occurred in association with outgrowth of the protrusion. The pre-axial portion of the AER remained in an abnormally thickened, viable, proliferative state, and did not undergo scheduled degression. This may have been the basis for prolonged induction of pre-axial outgrowth. Paucity of mesenchymal cell filopodial processes extended along the basal lamina, as well as a rarefaction of the filamentous material normally associated with the mesodermal face of the basal lamina, was detected at the pre-axial AER-mesenchymal interface on stage 18. A potential involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the induction of epithelial @entity528 is discussed.

title: The role of morphogenetic cell death during abnormal limb-bud outgrowth in @entity19 heterozygous for the dominant mutation XXXX ( @entity4219 ).

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['congenital limb malformations']

entities_list: @entity4219 :: ('MESH:D004480', 'Disease') :: ['Hmx', 'hemimelia', 'Hemimelia-extra toe']

entities_list: @entity13258 :: ('MESH:D014096', 'Disease') :: ['supernumerary digits']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['physiologic cellular degeneration', 'PCD']

answer: @entity4219 :: (MESH:D004480,Disease) :: ['Hemimelia-extra toe']


abstract: A dominant mutation in the @entity19 , @entity4219 ( @entity4219 ), induces @entity4218 in heterozygotes. Typical expression includes axial shortening of the radius, tibia and talus (' @entity4219 '), with supernumerary metacarpals, metatarsals, and digits ('polydactyly'). Pathogenesis was investigated during developmental stages 16 through 22 (11th through 15th days of gestation). Full expression was apparent during stage 20 when the limb pattern was comprised of pre-cartilaginous anlagen. Formation of a pre-axial protrusion on the autopod during stage 17 or 18 was the earliest gross abnormality, and foreshadowed the development of @entity13258 . Microscopically, there was an alteration in the pattern of @entity528 ( @entity528 ) programmed to occur within the zeugopod and autopod. The 'opaque patch' (mesodermal necrotic zone normally occurring between tibial and fibular anlagen) was overextended pre-axially causing resorption of the tibial precartilage. Additionally, @entity528 normally occurring within the basal cell layer of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and the 'foyer primaire pr  axial' was not expressed in the mutant autopod. This occurred in association with outgrowth of the protrusion. The pre-axial portion of the AER remained in an abnormally thickened, viable, proliferative state, and did not undergo scheduled degression. This may have been the basis for prolonged induction of pre-axial outgrowth. Paucity of mesenchymal cell filopodial processes extended along the basal lamina, as well as a rarefaction of the filamentous material normally associated with the mesodermal face of the basal lamina, was detected at the pre-axial AER-mesenchymal interface on stage 18. A potential involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the induction of epithelial @entity528 is discussed.

title: The role of morphogenetic cell death during abnormal limb-bud outgrowth in @entity19 heterozygous for the dominant mutation @entity4219 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity4219 :: (MESH:D004480,Disease) :: ['Hmx']


abstract: A dominant mutation in the @entity19 , @entity4219 ( @entity4219 ), induces @entity4218 in heterozygotes. Typical expression includes axial shortening of the radius, tibia and talus (' @entity4219 '), with supernumerary metacarpals, metatarsals, and digits ('polydactyly'). Pathogenesis was investigated during developmental stages 16 through 22 (11th through 15th days of gestation). Full expression was apparent during stage 20 when the limb pattern was comprised of pre-cartilaginous anlagen. Formation of a pre-axial protrusion on the autopod during stage 17 or 18 was the earliest gross abnormality, and foreshadowed the development of @entity13258 . Microscopically, there was an alteration in the pattern of @entity528 ( @entity528 ) programmed to occur within the zeugopod and autopod. The 'opaque patch' (mesodermal necrotic zone normally occurring between tibial and fibular anlagen) was overextended pre-axially causing resorption of the tibial precartilage. Additionally, @entity528 normally occurring within the basal cell layer of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and the 'foyer primaire pr  axial' was not expressed in the mutant autopod. This occurred in association with outgrowth of the protrusion. The pre-axial portion of the AER remained in an abnormally thickened, viable, proliferative state, and did not undergo scheduled degression. This may have been the basis for prolonged induction of pre-axial outgrowth. Paucity of mesenchymal cell filopodial processes extended along the basal lamina, as well as a rarefaction of the filamentous material normally associated with the mesodermal face of the basal lamina, was detected at the pre-axial AER-mesenchymal interface on stage 18. A potential involvement of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the induction of epithelial @entity528 is discussed.

title: The role of morphogenetic cell death during abnormal limb-bud outgrowth in XXXX heterozygous for the dominant mutation @entity4219 ( @entity4219 ).

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine factors and outcomes associated with ultra-early surgery for poor-grade @entity510 ( @entity510 ). DESIGN: A multicentre retrospective analysis, observational study. SETTING: High-volume teaching hospitals (more than 150 @entity510 cases per year). @entity1 : 118 @entity1 with World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grades IV and V underwent surgical treatment. Ultra-early surgery was defined as surgery performed within 24   h of @entity510 , and delayed surgery as surgery performed after 24   h. Outcome was assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The mean time of follow-up was 12.5  3.4   months (range 6-28   months). RESULTS: 47 (40%) @entity1 underwent ultra-early surgery, and 71 (60%) @entity1 underwent delayed surgery. @entity1 with WFNS grade V (p=0.011) and @entity75 (p=0.004) more often underwent ultra-early surgery. @entity260 were similar in ultra-early and delayed surgery groups. Adjusted multivariate analysis showed the outcomes were similar between the two groups. Multivariate analysis of predictors of poor outcome, ultraearly surgery was not an independent predictor of poor outcome, while advanced age, postresuscitation WFNS V grade, @entity548 , @entity438 were associated with poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1 with WFNS grade V and @entity75 more often undergo ultra-early surgery, postoperative complications and outcomes in selected @entity1 were similar in the two groups. @entity1 of younger age, WFNS grade IV, absence of @entity548 , @entity438 are more likely to have a good outcome. Ultra-early surgery could improve outcomes in carefully selected @entity1 with poor-grade @entity510 .

title: Factors and outcomes associated with ultra-early surgery for poor-grade XXXX : a multicentre retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage', 'aSAH']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain herniation']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['brain herniation and non-middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms', 'absence of brain herniation and MCA aneurysms']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 on dialysis are 20 times more likely to have a @entity1167 compared with the general population. We considered whether inherited factors associate with @entity1167 among @entity1 on dialysis. From a sample of 647,457 @entity1 on chronic dialysis, we identified 5117 pairs of @entity1 who came from the same family. These @entity1 were each matched to a control subject from the same population. McNemar's tests were used to compare the risk of @entity1167 between the familial related and unrelated pairs. Genetically related family members who did not cohabitate had an odds ratio of 1.88 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.25 to 2.84) for @entity1167 compared with their phenotypically matched unrelated controls. Genetically related family members who lived together in the same environment had an odds ratio of 1.66 (95% CI, 1.20 to 2.28). Spouses, who are genetically unrelated but live together in the same environment, had an odds ratio of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.60 to 1.59) for @entity1167 . The risk of @entity1167 in @entity1 on dialysis may be attributable to inherited factors. Additional studies are needed to identify such candidate genes that modify cardiovascular risk in @entity454 .

title: Heritability of Risk for Sudden Cardiac Arrest in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['ESRD']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The phosphatases @entity983 and @entity49854 have been proposed to act as @entity5 suppressors by antagonizing PI3K-AKT signaling and are frequently dysregulated in @entity1 @entity5 . Although @entity983 has been extensively studied, little is known about the underlying mechanisms by which @entity49854 exerts its @entity5 -suppressive function and its role in tumorigenesis in vivo. Here, we show that a partial or complete loss of @entity71815 morphs benign thyroid @entity652 in @entity2370 heterozygous @entity19 into lethal and metastatic @entity259 ( @entity259 ). Importantly, analyses of @entity1 @entity259 cell lines and specimens reveal @entity49854 downregulation in @entity259 . Mechanistically, we find that @entity49854 , but not @entity983 , is enriched in the early endosomes of @entity259 cells, where it selectively inhibits @entity23698 activation and in turn @entity5 proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. We therefore identify @entity49854 as a novel @entity5 suppressor in @entity259 oncogenesis and @entity3 through localized regulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway at the endosomes. SIGNIFICANCE: Although both @entity983 and @entity49854 can inhibit PI3K-AKT signaling through their lipid phosphatase activities, here we demonstrate lack of an epistatic relationship between the two @entity5 suppressors. Instead, the qualitative regulation of PI3K- @entity23698 signaling by @entity49854 provides a mechanism for their cooperation in suppressing thyroid tumorigenesis and @entity3 . @entity5 Discov; 5(7); 1-12.   2015 AACR.See related commentary by Vo and Fruman, p. 697.See related article by Kofuji and colleagues, p. 730.

title: In Vivo Role of XXXX in Tumor and Metastasis Suppression through Regulation of PI3K-AKT Signaling at Endosomes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma lesions']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['FTC', 'thyroid cancer', 'follicular-like thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity49854 :: (8821,Gene) :: ['INPP4B']


abstract: AIMS: Irrigated multi-electrode ablation (IMEA) is a novel tool to perform @entity358 ( @entity358 ). The aim was to compare IMEA with point-by-point radiofrequency (RF) ablation in @entity1 with persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) undergoing @entity358 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 (age 60    9 years, 82% male) were studied. In 24 @entity1 , the IMEA catheter was used in conjunction with an electroanatomic mapping system. Twenty-five @entity1 undergoing RF point-by-point ablation (RF- @entity358 ) served as a control group. Validation of @entity358 based on the IMEA catheter was performed using a standard circular mapping catheter. Ninety-two of 94 pulmonary veins (PVs) (98%) were isolated using IMEA alone. Procedure time was 125    23 min in the IMEA group and 127    31 min in the RF- @entity358 group (P = 0.79). Fluoroscopy time was 12.2 (11-16.1) min with IMEA compared with 5.2 (4.1-9.3) min in the RF- @entity358 group (P < 0.001). Net ablation time was 11.8 (10.2-15.4) min in the IMEA group compared with 33.6 (30.3-40.1) min in the RF- @entity358 group (P < 0.001). Of 94 PVs presumed to be isolated after IMEA ablation, validation using a standard circular mapping catheter showed persistent PV potentials in 33 PVs (35%), requiring additional IMEA ablation. At 12 months, 16 of 24 @entity1 (67%) in the IMEA group compared with 17 of 25 @entity1 (68%) in RF- @entity358 group were free from @entity955 (P > 0.99). CONCLUSION: With similar total procedure duration, IMEA- @entity358 was associated with shorter net ablation time and longer fluoroscopy time. Irrigated multi-electrode ablation recordings were not sufficient to confirm isolation in 35% of PVs. Single-procedure efficacy after 12 months was similar between the two groups.

title: One-year follow-up after irrigated multi-electrode radiofrequency ablation of persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PVI', 'pulmonary vein isolation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The following conclusions can be drawn from examination results: 1. The degree to which the functional condition of the cardiovascular system varies depends on the caloric content of the diet. 2. In elderly @entity1 functional changes of the cardiovascular system can be observed to take place in two stages (1st stage about 1 hour, 2nd stage from 3rd to 5th hour after meals). 3. A high-caloric diet can be expected to provoke an inadequate cardiovascular response in elderly @entity101 . 4. The impact of fat in the diet on cardiovascular function depends on the subject's age and the kind of fat consumed. Saturated fats have a more adverse effect that unsaturated ones. 5. That a high concentration of blood sugar influences metabolic processes in the myocardium ( @entity855 metabolism, @entity972 balance, membrane effects) seems to be an established fact. 6. @entity2690 appears to have a considerable direct effect on the myocardium and on variations of the sympathico-adrenal and vago-insulinary systems. 7. The second postprandial stage of functional changes in the cardiovascular system, based on a relative hypoglycaemia, is probably induced by a sudden release of @entity2661 .

title: [The influence of diet habits and diet compose upon the heart and circulation system of elderly XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has been applied to the evaluation of @entity299 . However, there were few studies on alteration of global and regional STE parameters in the process of @entity1283 and @entity712 . In this study, STE was applied to evaluate the global and regional cardiac function under @entity712 and @entity1184 in the @entity19 model of pressure overload. Adult @entity19 were subjected to mild or severe aortic banding with a 25 Gauge (G) or 27 G needle. After surgery, STE and conventional echocardiography were used in the sham group (n=10), mild @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ) group (n=14) and severe @entity2333 group (n=10) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the @entity19 subjected to severe @entity2333 showed a significant change in fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular (LV) mass, and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (P<0.05 for each). Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in FS and LVEDD between the sham group and mild @entity2333 group during the experimental procedures (P>0.05 for both). STE analysis revealed that @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ) was significantly decreased in the severe @entity2333 group as compared with the sham and mild @entity2333 groups (P<0.05 for both) from the postoperative week 1. @entity6475 in the mild @entity2333 group was reduced as compared to the sham group (P<0.05). @entity6475 ( @entity6475 ) and circumferential strain (CS) were significantly decreased in the severe @entity2333 group as compared to the sham group and the mild @entity2333 group (P<0.05 for both) from the postoperative week 1 (P<0.05 for both). Compared to the sham group, CS in the mild @entity2333 group maintained unchanged during the test period, and @entity6475 was reduced only on the postoperative week 6 (P<0.05). Finally, regional contraction dysfunction was analyzed in both @entity1184 in longitudinal and radial directions. It was found that @entity6475 was largest in the apex region and @entity6475 was smallest in the apex region in the healthy and @entity1184 . It was also found that compared to the sham group, only base @entity6475 in the mild @entity2333 group was decreased. Each of regional strain in the severe @entity2333 group was uniformly depressed in radial and longitudinal directions. It is concluded that STE has provided a non-invasive and highly feasible way to explore the global and regional contraction dysfunction in @entity1184 and @entity712 myocardium in the @entity19 model of pressure overload.

title: Speckle tracking echocardiography assessment of global and regional contraction dysfunction in the XXXX model of pressure overload.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic and failing myocardium', 'hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic', 'hypertrophic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal strain', 'RS', 'Radial strain', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac contraction dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['TAB', 'trans-aortic banding']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: KEY MESSAGE: The implementation of @entity5555 in breeding programs can be recommended for hybrid and line breeding in @entity3505 . High prediction accuracies from @entity5555 ( @entity5555 ) were reported for grain yield in @entity3505 asking for the elaboration of efficient breeding strategies applying @entity5555 . Our objectives were therefore, (1) to optimize the number of lines, locations and testers in different multi-stage breeding strategies with and without @entity5555 , (2) to elaborate the most efficient breeding strategy based on the selection gain and its standard deviation, and (3) to investigate the potential of @entity5555 to improve the relative efficiency of hybrid versus line breeding in @entity3505 . We used the open source software package "selectiongain" to optimize the allocation of resources in different breeding strategies by predicting the expected selection gain for a fixed budget. Classical two-stage phenotypic selection was compared with three @entity5555 breeding strategies for line and hybrid breeding in @entity3505 . The ranking of the alternative breeding strategies varied largely in dependence of the @entity5555 prediction accuracy. Fast-track breeding strategies based solely on @entity5555 were only advantageous for high @entity5555 prediction accuracies that is >0.50 and >0.65 for hybrid and line breeding, respectively. However, a @entity5555 prediction accuracy across breeding cycles of 0.3 or even less must be assumed as realistic for grain yield in @entity3505 . For this low @entity5555 prediction accuracy, the use of @entity5555 is advantageous for line but especially for hybrid breeding in @entity3505 . Furthermore, the use of @entity5555 in hybrid @entity3505 breeding increased the relative efficiency of hybrid versus line breeding and, thus, might be an important pillar for the establishment of hybrid @entity3505 .

title: Genomic selection in XXXX : optimum allocation of test resources and comparison of breeding strategies for line and hybrid breeding.

entities_list: @entity5555 :: ('MESH:D042822', 'Disease') :: ['GS', 'genomic selection']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extended disability severity scale (EDSS) is clinically useful in assessing disability in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 . It is also being used in studies to determine how genes and environment influence disability. However, since it has a complex relationship with functional scores and mobility and is strongly determined by disease duration its use can be limiting. OBJECTIVE: Study associations of variables with progression described by time from disease onset until EDSS. METHODS: We used a variable based on below/above median time from @entity15 onset to reach a single EDSS value to define slow or fast progression. We compared @entity1 categorization using this variable and MSSS, and in 533 @entity1 (EDSS 1-8) and 242 of these @entity1 with @entity807 -4, studied associations with skin type, gender, ultraviolet radiation and @entity22025 @entity24240 . RESULTS: Classifying @entity1 into quartiles of slow/fast progression showed mean MSSS increased with faster progression (p<0.001). For EDSS 1-8: MSSS, late onset age and childhood sunburning were associated with fast and @entity22025 CG/GG(294) with slow progression. Combinations of skin type (1/2 or 3/4) with childhood weekend exposure (< or >= median) or sunburning (yes/no) were not associated with progression. However, in @entity1 with @entity807 -4, relative to other combinations, those with no sunburning history and types 1/2 demonstrated slow progression (odds ratio=0.15, 95% CI=0.04, 0.57). CONCLUSION: This method, though a pilot, allows study of associations of variables with EDSS. It is based on local @entity1 and could substitute for MSSS. In @entity1 with @entity807 -4 but not 1-8, skin type 1/2 with no history of childhood sunburning was associated with slow progression. This is compatible with the view that disability develops through a first stage dependent on @entity32 .

title: Progression of disability in XXXX : A study of factors influencing median time to reach an EDSS value.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity24240 :: ('p|SUB|D|294|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Asp294His']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) and @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) are rare antibody mediated @entity6220 (NMJ) respectively. Both diseases are predominantly mediated by IgG1 antibodies that activate complement. There have been increasing reports of @entity1 who develop both disorders. Given the rarity of both diseases it would seem that these occurrences are not purely coincidental. There is heterogeneity between the cases described in the literature but common trends are observed in @entity1 who develop both disorders. Most @entity1 described are female. Typically the @entity1737 precedes the @entity1652 and the majority of @entity1 have undergone thymectomy. Generally, the symptoms of @entity1737 are mild but the @entity1652 tends to follow a more aggressive clinical course. The pathogenesis of @entity1652 in combination with @entity1737 is unknown, but thymectomy has been implicated in a subset of @entity1 . We present the case of a female @entity1 who developed @entity1652 on a background of sero-positive @entity1737 and discuss the relevant literature.

title: XXXX and @entity1652 opica: A causal link.

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromyelitis Optica', 'NMO']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and neuromuscular junction']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'Myasthenia Gravis']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['Myasthenia gravis']


abstract: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) and @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) are rare antibody mediated @entity6220 (NMJ) respectively. Both diseases are predominantly mediated by IgG1 antibodies that activate complement. There have been increasing reports of @entity1 who develop both disorders. Given the rarity of both diseases it would seem that these occurrences are not purely coincidental. There is heterogeneity between the cases described in the literature but common trends are observed in @entity1 who develop both disorders. Most @entity1 described are female. Typically the @entity1737 precedes the @entity1652 and the majority of @entity1 have undergone thymectomy. Generally, the symptoms of @entity1737 are mild but the @entity1652 tends to follow a more aggressive clinical course. The pathogenesis of @entity1652 in combination with @entity1737 is unknown, but thymectomy has been implicated in a subset of @entity1 . We present the case of a female @entity1 who developed @entity1652 on a background of sero-positive @entity1737 and discuss the relevant literature.

title: @entity1737 and XXXX opica: A causal link.

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['neuromyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adenotonsillectomy (T_A) may not completely eliminate @entity387 ( @entity387 ), and residual @entity387 can result in progressive @entity387 . Persistence of mouth breathing post-T_As plays a role in progressive worsening through an increase of upper airway resistance during sleep with secondary impact on orofacial growth. METHODS: Retrospective study on non-overweight and non-syndromic prepubertal @entity1 with @entity387 treated by T_A with pre- and post-surgery clinical and polysomnographic (PSG) evaluations including systematic monitoring of mouth breathing (initial cohort). All @entity1 with mouth breathing were then referred for myofunctional treatment (MFT), with clinical follow-up 6  months later and @entity31238  year post-surgery. Only a limited subgroup followed the recommendations to undergo MFT with subsequent PSG (follow-up subgroup). RESULTS: Sixty-four prepubertal @entity1 meeting inclusion criteria for the initial cohort were investigated. There was significant symptomatic improvement in all @entity1 post-T_A, but 26 @entity1 had residual @entity387 with an AHI   >   1.5 events/hour and 35 @entity1 (including the previous 26) had evidence of "mouth breathing" during sleep as defined [minimum of 44  % and a maximum of 100  % of total sleep time, mean 69        11  % "mouth breather" subgroup and mean 4        3.9  %, range 0 and 10.3  % "non-mouth breathers"]. Eighteen @entity1 (follow-up cohort), all in the "mouth breathing" group, were investigated at 1  year follow-up with only nine having undergone 6  months of MFT. The non- MFT subjects were significantly worse than the MFT-treated cohort. MFT led to normalization of clinical and PSG findings. CONCLUSION: Assessment of mouth breathing during sleep should be systematically performed post-T_A and the persistence of mouth breathing should be treated with MFT.

title: Mouth breathing, "nasal disuse," and pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'SDB', 'worsening of abnormal breathing during sleep']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep-disordered breathing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Criteria for identifying @entity19383 ( @entity19383 ) @entity1 with @entity146 , which would be useful for clinical decision making, are currently unavailable. OBJECTIVE: Identify @entity19383 @entity1 with @entity146 characterized by rapid disability progression. METHODS: Data from a 2-year, phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with long-term follow-up evaluations of @entity19383 @entity1 taking either intramuscular interferon beta-1a (IM IFNb-1a, 30 g) or placebo with baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores of 1.0-3.5 were retrospectively analyzed. @entity1 with a >= 2.0-point increase in EDSS score, resulting in a score >= 4.0 by study end, were considered to have @entity146 @entity19383 . The risk of a poor long-term outcome, defined as an EDSS score >= 8.0 at 8 years of follow-up, was calculated as an odds ratio from a logistic regression model comparing @entity1 with and without @entity146 @entity19383 . RESULTS: Only 25 @entity1 met the criteria for @entity146 @entity19383 . Among these @entity1 , mean disease duration was 5.1  3.85 years, mean baseline age was 37.2  6.35 years, and mean baseline EDSS score was 2.8  0.74. Fewer IM IFNb-1a-treated than placebo-treated @entity1 met the criteria for @entity146 @entity19383 at 2 years (7% vs 22% on placebo, p=0.0072). Thirteen @entity1 reached the EDSS milestone of >= 8.0 by the end of the 8-year follow-up. The odds ratio for attaining severe disability was 86.4 (95% CI, 10.3-726.4; p<0.0001) for @entity1 with @entity146 @entity19383 compared to @entity1 without @entity146 @entity19383 . CONCLUSIONS: Defining @entity146 @entity19383 based on rapid EDSS progression was useful in identifying @entity1 at risk for more severe disease course.

title: Aggressive XXXX characterized by rapid disability progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19383 :: ('MESH:D020528', 'Disease') :: ['RMS', 'relapsing multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive', 'aggressive disease']

answer: @entity19383 :: (MESH:D020528,Disease) :: ['relapsing multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Africa, @entity3753 and @entity3070 are currently used in combination for annual mass drug administration (MDA) for @entity3754 ( @entity3754 ) elimination. Rapid and sustained clearance is desirable for public health impact and elimination of @entity3754 . Increasing the dose and/or frequency of @entity3753 and @entity3070 treatment may be more effective in clearing microfilariae than standard MDA. METHODS: We conducted a randomised controlled open label trial in northern Malawi comparing three modified treatment groups to standard dosage of @entity3070 and @entity3753 in adults with confirmed circulating @entity3754 antigen and microfilaria. @entity1 were followed-up every 6 months for 2 years for repeat microfilarial counts and safety assessments. RESULTS: A total of 1851 adults were screened and 70 with microfilarial counts >80 microfilariae/ml were randomised. All treatment groups achieved a significant reduction of microfilariae levels by 12- and 24-months of follow-up. Doubling the standard dose and administering it twice yearly showed a non-significant tendency towards faster and more complete clearance. There were no serious adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: In this small study, all regimens effectively cleared microfilaria. Standard treatment may be adequate in settings like Malawi but not in all endemic settings and larger studies are required to demonstrate benefit of higher dosages. [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01213576].

title: Randomised controlled clinical trial of increased dose and frequency of XXXX and @entity3070 on Wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial clearance in northern Malawi.

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis', 'LF']

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

answer: @entity3753 :: (MESH:D015766,Chemical) :: ['albendazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Africa, @entity3753 and @entity3070 are currently used in combination for annual mass drug administration (MDA) for @entity3754 ( @entity3754 ) elimination. Rapid and sustained clearance is desirable for public health impact and elimination of @entity3754 . Increasing the dose and/or frequency of @entity3753 and @entity3070 treatment may be more effective in clearing microfilariae than standard MDA. METHODS: We conducted a randomised controlled open label trial in northern Malawi comparing three modified treatment groups to standard dosage of @entity3070 and @entity3753 in adults with confirmed circulating @entity3754 antigen and microfilaria. @entity1 were followed-up every 6 months for 2 years for repeat microfilarial counts and safety assessments. RESULTS: A total of 1851 adults were screened and 70 with microfilarial counts >80 microfilariae/ml were randomised. All treatment groups achieved a significant reduction of microfilariae levels by 12- and 24-months of follow-up. Doubling the standard dose and administering it twice yearly showed a non-significant tendency towards faster and more complete clearance. There were no serious adverse reactions. CONCLUSIONS: In this small study, all regimens effectively cleared microfilaria. Standard treatment may be adequate in settings like Malawi but not in all endemic settings and larger studies are required to demonstrate benefit of higher dosages. [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01213576].

title: Randomised controlled clinical trial of increased dose and frequency of @entity3753 and XXXX on Wuchereria bancrofti microfilarial clearance in northern Malawi.

answer: @entity3070 :: (MESH:D007559,Chemical) :: ['ivermectin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the nature, scope and effectiveness of interventions to reduce the household economic burden of @entity130 . METHODS: We systematically reviewed reports published on or before 31 January 2014 that we found in the CENTRAL, CINAHL, Econlit, Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE and PsycINFO databases. We extracted data from prospective controlled trials and assessed the risk of bias. We narratively synthesized evidence. FINDINGS: Nine of the 4330 studies checked met our inclusion criteria - seven had evaluated changes to existing health-insurance programmes and two had evaluated different modes of delivering information. The only interventions found to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure significantly were those that eliminated or substantially reduced co-payments for a given @entity1 population. However, the reductions only represented marginal changes in the total expenditures of @entity1 . We found no studies that had been effective in addressing broader household economic impacts - such as catastrophic health expenditure - in the disease populations investigated. CONCLUSION: In general, interventions designed to reduce the complex household economic burden of @entity130 appear to have had little impact on household economies. We only found a few relevant studies using rigorous study designs that were conducted in defined @entity1 populations. The studies were limited in the range of interventions tested and they evaluated only a narrow range of household economic outcomes. There is a need for method development to advance the measurement of the household economic consequences of @entity130 and facilitate the development of innovative interventions to supplement the strategies based on health insurance.

title: The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the household economic burden of XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['illness and injury', 'illness or injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['illness and injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness, side effects, and @entity1 satisfaction of buccal versus vaginal @entity396 administration in first and second trimester induced abortions. METHODS: In first trimester, @entity1 received oral @entity3927 followed by @entity396 either by buccal or vaginal route. In second trimester, @entity1 received oral @entity3927 followed by repeated doses of @entity396 either by buccal or vaginal route. A comparative analysis using SPSS was done. RESULTS: In first trimester, success rate of medical abortion was 96  % in buccal group and 88  % in vaginal group. @entity390 was the most common adverse effect which was similar in both groups. In second trimester, success rate was 96  % in buccal group and 80  % in vaginal group. A statistically higher incidence of @entity390 was noticed in buccal group. @entity1 satisfaction level was almost similar in both the groups in both trimesters. CONCLUSIONS: Buccal and vaginal routes of @entity396 administration have similar efficacy and @entity1 satisfaction level for first and second trimester induced abortions. Hence, buccal route may serve as an alternative to vaginal @entity396 .

title: Buccal versus vaginal XXXX administration for the induction of first and second trimester abortions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: Aim. Differentiation of malignant and benign strictures constitutes a problem despite the increasing experience of the endoscopists, radiologists, and pathologists. The aim of our study is to determine the factors that affect the efficacy of the ERCP guided brush cytology in PBS and to evaluate its diagnostic success when used alone and together with @entity5 markers. Method. The data from brush cytologies of 301 PBS @entity1 were collected retrospectively and analyzed. The final diagnosis was approved based on the histological examination of the tissue taken surgically or by other methods. In the absence of a histological diagnosis, the final diagnosis was based on radiological studies or the results of a 12-month clinical follow up. Results. A total of 28 @entity1 were excluded from the study. From the remaining 273 @entity1 299 samples were analyzed. The sensitivity and the specificity of brush cytology in diagnosing @entity5 are 62.4% and 97.7, respectively. The sensitivity of brush cytology increased to 94.1% when combined with CA-19.9 and CA-125. Conclusion. Brush cytology is a useful method in diagnosing pancreaticobiliary strictures. Advanced age, stricture dilatation before sampling, the presence of a mass identified by radiological studies, high levels of CA-19.9, ALT, and total @entity648 increase the sensitivity of brush cytology.

title: The diagnostic value of brush cytology alone and in combination with XXXX markers in pancreaticobiliary strictures.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ) is increasingly used by @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ); however, there has been no systematic evaluation of its safety. This review examined the adverse events (AEs) reported in clinical studies of @entity1058 for @entity1030 . Five English databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, and CENTRAL) and four Chinese databases (CBM, CNKI, CQVIP, and Wanfang Data) were searched from inception to May 2013. Adverse event data, including nature, severity, author-assigned causality, management, and outcome, were extracted from included studies. Descriptive statistics were used for the rate of adverse events. Of the 152 included studies, AEs were reported in 47 studies. The rate of adverse events was slightly lower in the @entity1058 groups compared with controls (84 events in 5,909 @entity1 , 1.4% versus 102 events in 5,676 @entity1 , 1.8%). The most frequently reported adverse event was @entity390 (28 cases in the @entity1058 groups and 19 cases in the control groups), which was more common in studies where @entity1058 was combined with pharmacotherapy to treat acute exacerbation of @entity1030 . Other frequent adverse events were abdominal discomfort, @entity2133 , and @entity1296 . Detailed information about the adverse events was scant. Overall, @entity1058 appears to be well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: Safety of chinese herbal medicine for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['CHM', 'Chinese herbal medicine']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The detection of circulating DNA is considered a promising strategy in @entity5 @entity1 . Digital PCR has emerged as a sensitive method able to quantify both circulating free and @entity5 DNA. AIM: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the clinical value of a chip-based digital PCR for the detection of circulating DNA. METHODS: Digital PCR was used in 34 metastatic @entity14 @entity1 to detect and quantify circulating free and @entity5 DNA based on @entity984 mutational status. Clinical outcomes were analyzed according to circulating DNA measurements. RESULTS: Digital PCR yielded a detection rate of 69% for circulating @entity5 DNA. The median concentrations of circulating free and @entity5 DNA were 20 and 6.8ng/mL, respectively, with significant correlation between both biomarkers (p<0.001). Median overall survival was 4.8 months in @entity1 with high circulating free DNA (>75% quartile) versus not reached in @entity1 with a low level (<25% quartile) (p=0.029). Moreover, median overall survival was significantly decreased in @entity1 with detectable circulating @entity5 DNA compared to those without (respectively 11.8 months versus not reached, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Chip-based digital PCR is a simple and non-invasive method allowing the efficient detection of circulating DNA. Our results highlight that levels of these circulating markers may have a potential prognostic value.

title: Clinical value of chip-based digital-PCR platform for the detection of circulating DNA in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Subtle changes in social cognition are associated with naturalistic fluctuations in @entity172 and @entity1420 over the course of the menstrual cycle. Using a dynamic emotion recognition task we aimed to provide a comprehensive description of the association between ovarian hormone levels and emotion recognition performance using a variety of performance metrics. Naturally cycling, @entity146 healthy @entity1 attended a single experimental session during a follicular (days 7-13; n = 16), early luteal (days 15-19; n = 14) or late luteal phase (days 22-27; n = 14) of their menstrual cycle. Correct responses and reaction times to dynamic facial expressions were recorded and a two-high threshold analysis was used to assess discrimination and response bias. Salivary @entity1420 and @entity53 were assayed and subjective measures of @entity1109 , @entity148 and positive and negative affect assessed. There was no interaction between cycle phase (follicular, early luteal, late luteal) and facial expression (sad, happy, fearful, angry, neutral and disgusted) on any of the recognition performance metrics. However, across the sample as a whole, @entity1420 levels were positively correlated with reaction times to a variety of facial expressions (anger, happiness, sadness and neutral expressions). In contrast, @entity53 levels were specifically correlated with disgust processing on three performance indices (correct responses, response bias and discrimination). @entity1109 , @entity148 and positive and negative affect were not associated with emotion recognition indices or hormone levels. The study highlights the role of naturalistic variations in ovarian hormone levels in modulating emotion recognition. In particular, @entity1420 seems to have a general slowing effect on facial expression processing. Our findings also provide the first behavioural evidence of a specific role for @entity172 in the processing of disgust in @entity1 .

title: A specific association between facial disgust recognition and XXXX levels in naturally cycling @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatrically']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Premenstrual symptoms', 'premenstrual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: Subtle changes in social cognition are associated with naturalistic fluctuations in @entity172 and @entity1420 over the course of the menstrual cycle. Using a dynamic emotion recognition task we aimed to provide a comprehensive description of the association between ovarian hormone levels and emotion recognition performance using a variety of performance metrics. Naturally cycling, @entity146 healthy @entity1 attended a single experimental session during a follicular (days 7-13; n = 16), early luteal (days 15-19; n = 14) or late luteal phase (days 22-27; n = 14) of their menstrual cycle. Correct responses and reaction times to dynamic facial expressions were recorded and a two-high threshold analysis was used to assess discrimination and response bias. Salivary @entity1420 and @entity53 were assayed and subjective measures of @entity1109 , @entity148 and positive and negative affect assessed. There was no interaction between cycle phase (follicular, early luteal, late luteal) and facial expression (sad, happy, fearful, angry, neutral and disgusted) on any of the recognition performance metrics. However, across the sample as a whole, @entity1420 levels were positively correlated with reaction times to a variety of facial expressions (anger, happiness, sadness and neutral expressions). In contrast, @entity53 levels were specifically correlated with disgust processing on three performance indices (correct responses, response bias and discrimination). @entity1109 , @entity148 and positive and negative affect were not associated with emotion recognition indices or hormone levels. The study highlights the role of naturalistic variations in ovarian hormone levels in modulating emotion recognition. In particular, @entity1420 seems to have a general slowing effect on facial expression processing. Our findings also provide the first behavioural evidence of a specific role for @entity172 in the processing of disgust in @entity1 .

title: A specific association between facial disgust recognition and @entity53 levels in naturally cycling XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) is an acute self-limited disease of childhood, mostly resolving within 6 months irrespective of whether therapy is given or not. Treatment options when indicated include corticosteroids, intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), and anti- @entity6668 immunoglobulin. We reviewed our 32  years' experience for first-line therapy of acute @entity3039 . Five hundred forty-one @entity1 (mean age: 5.3  years) diagnosed and treated for @entity3039 were evaluated retrospectively. Among 491 acute @entity3039 @entity1 , IVIG was used in 27%, high-dose @entity230 in 27%, low-dose @entity230 in 20%, anti-D immunoglobulin G (IgG) in 2%, and no therapy in 22%. When the initial response (platelets >50 * 10(9)/L) to first-line treatment modalities were compared, 89%, 84%, and 78% @entity1 treated by low-dose @entity230 , high-dose @entity230 , and IVIG responded to treatment, respectively (P > .05). Mean time to recovery of platelets was 16.8, 3.8, and 3.0  days in @entity1 treated with low-dose @entity230 , high-dose @entity230 , and IVIG, respectively (P < .0001). @entity882 recurred in 23% of low-dose @entity479 , 39% of high-dose @entity479 , and in 36% of IVIG (P < .0001) treatment groups. Of 108 @entity1 who were observed alone, 4 (3%) had a recurrence on follow-up and only 2 of these required treatment subsequently. Recurrence was significantly less in no therapy group compared with @entity1 treated with 1 of the 3 options of pharmacotherapy (P < .0001). Response rates were similar between @entity1 treated by IVIG and low- and high-dose @entity230 ; however, time to response was slower in @entity1 treated with low-dose @entity230 compared with IVIG and high-dose @entity230 .

title: Initial Management of Childhood Acute XXXX : Single-Center Experience of 32 Years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Immune thrombocytopenia', 'ITP']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['Immune Thrombocytopenia']


abstract: The lipid composition of the serum lipoproteins of @entity35 with varying degrees of @entity407 was investigated. The concentrations of all the lipoproteins were increased with increasing @entity407 . The elevation was found to be more pronounced for very low density VLDL) and low density (LDL) than for high density lipoproteins (HDL). A linear relationship exists between @entity412 and @entity165 contents of VLDL fractions independent of the VLDL level. Eighty to ninety per cent of serum @entity1674 are located in the VLDL fraction. Linear relationships were found between the levels of serum @entity1674 or VLDL @entity1674 and the levels of LDL and HDL @entity165 , respectively. Furthermore, linear relationships exist between total @entity165 content in serum and @entity165 concentration in VLDL, LDL and HDL, respectively. Thus, lipoprotein levels may be estimated by measuring serum @entity165 or @entity412 concentrations. Disk electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation revealed that the LDL fraction (d. 1.006 - 1.063) could be divided into two fractions, which both increase with age. The spontaneous @entity5522 of the old @entity35 make these animals suitable as a model for evaluation of drugs against @entity1 @entity5522 .

title: Studies on serum lipoproteins of @entity35 developing spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: The lipid composition of the serum lipoproteins of @entity35 with varying degrees of @entity407 was investigated. The concentrations of all the lipoproteins were increased with increasing @entity407 . The elevation was found to be more pronounced for very low density VLDL) and low density (LDL) than for high density lipoproteins (HDL). A linear relationship exists between @entity412 and @entity165 contents of VLDL fractions independent of the VLDL level. Eighty to ninety per cent of serum @entity1674 are located in the VLDL fraction. Linear relationships were found between the levels of serum @entity1674 or VLDL @entity1674 and the levels of LDL and HDL @entity165 , respectively. Furthermore, linear relationships exist between total @entity165 content in serum and @entity165 concentration in VLDL, LDL and HDL, respectively. Thus, lipoprotein levels may be estimated by measuring serum @entity165 or @entity412 concentrations. Disk electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation revealed that the LDL fraction (d. 1.006 - 1.063) could be divided into two fractions, which both increase with age. The spontaneous @entity5522 of the old @entity35 make these animals suitable as a model for evaluation of drugs against @entity1 @entity5522 .

title: Studies on serum lipoproteins of XXXX developing spontaneous @entity407 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of autologous blood injections (ABIs) against saline in @entity1 with @entity924 (PT). DESIGN: Double-blind randomized controlled study. SETTING: Homerton Hospital Sports Medicine department. @entity1 : Those with a diagnosis of @entity924 were recruited between March 2010 and March 2012. INTERVENTIONS: Using 2 practitioners, @entity1 were randomized to either receive ABIs or saline injections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All @entity1 completed the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), a visual analog scale (VAS), and a Victoria Institute of Sport Assessment for Patella @entity924 scale over a 12-month period. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 completed the final review at 12 months and were included in the study. Subjects ranged in age from 22 and 61 years and were randomized to 11 in each ABI and saline groups. Autologous blood injection group had a mean duration of symptoms of 16.7 months, whereas that of the saline group was 19.2 months. The saline group mean VAS score was reduced from 7.9 to 4.5 at 1 month (P = 0.003) and 3.3 (P = 0.005) at 1 year. With ABI, the score was reduced from 7.5 to 4.5 (P = 0.005) at 1 month and 3.1 (P = 0.003) at 1 year. Victoria Institute of Sport Assessment for Patella @entity924 , MPQ, and VAS scores improved significantly in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that both the ABI and saline groups experienced a significant improvement in symptoms. However, when the results were compared, there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This research showed that tendon fenestration is an alternative cost-effective treatment for recalcitrant PT.

title: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial: Injection of Autologous Blood in the Treatment of XXXX -A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Tendinopathy', 'chronic recalcitrant patella tendinopathy', 'refractory patellar tendinopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['Chronic Patella Tendinopathy']


abstract: @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) is clinically characterized by progressive @entity303 that is frequently accompanied by neurological and @entity146 manifestations. @entity14752 ( @entity14752 ) is a rare @entity792 with neurological and @entity146 manifestations that is not well understood. However, this disease has attracted growing attention as a treatable @entity303 . Although autoimmune mechanisms are thought to play a pathogenic role in @entity14752 , the etiology of the disease remains unclear. Recently, it was reported that the serum in @entity1 with @entity14752 is frequentry positive for autoantibodies against the anti- @entity5155 2-terminal of a-enolase (anti-NAE), indicating a useful serological diagnostic marker for @entity14752 . We report the case of an 81-year-old Japanese @entity1 with probable @entity1832 and @entity1375 . In her serum, elevated anti-thyroid antibodies and positive autoantibodies against anti-NAE were observed. Elevated levels of anti- @entity3264 receptor   2 subunit ( @entity7336 ) antibodies were also detected in her cerebrospinal fluid. Because her clinical condition became stable after treatment with cholinesterase inhibitor, @entity3034 , and @entity1955 , immunotherapy was not performed. Although the relationship between @entity792 and @entity73 in this @entity1 was unclear, the present observations suggest the coexistence of @entity179 and @entity792 as the underlying pathogenic mechanism. (Received March 3, 2014; Accepted February 17, 2015; Published July 1, 2015).

title: [A @entity1 with Probable @entity303 with Lewy Bodies and Positive Autoantibodies against the Anti- XXXX 2-terminal of a-Enolase].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity14752 :: ('MESH:C535841', 'Disease') :: ['HE', "Hashimoto's encephalopathy"]

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['DLB', 'Dementia with Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity5155 :: (MESH:C536394,Disease) :: ['NH']


abstract: @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) is clinically characterized by progressive @entity303 that is frequently accompanied by neurological and @entity146 manifestations. @entity14752 ( @entity14752 ) is a rare @entity792 with neurological and @entity146 manifestations that is not well understood. However, this disease has attracted growing attention as a treatable @entity303 . Although autoimmune mechanisms are thought to play a pathogenic role in @entity14752 , the etiology of the disease remains unclear. Recently, it was reported that the serum in @entity1 with @entity14752 is frequentry positive for autoantibodies against the anti- @entity5155 2-terminal of a-enolase (anti-NAE), indicating a useful serological diagnostic marker for @entity14752 . We report the case of an 81-year-old Japanese @entity1 with probable @entity1832 and @entity1375 . In her serum, elevated anti-thyroid antibodies and positive autoantibodies against anti-NAE were observed. Elevated levels of anti- @entity3264 receptor   2 subunit ( @entity7336 ) antibodies were also detected in her cerebrospinal fluid. Because her clinical condition became stable after treatment with cholinesterase inhibitor, @entity3034 , and @entity1955 , immunotherapy was not performed. Although the relationship between @entity792 and @entity73 in this @entity1 was unclear, the present observations suggest the coexistence of @entity179 and @entity792 as the underlying pathogenic mechanism. (Received March 3, 2014; Accepted February 17, 2015; Published July 1, 2015).

title: [A @entity1 with Probable XXXX with Lewy Bodies and Positive Autoantibodies against the Anti- @entity5155 2-terminal of a-Enolase].

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) is clinically characterized by progressive @entity303 that is frequently accompanied by neurological and @entity146 manifestations. @entity14752 ( @entity14752 ) is a rare @entity792 with neurological and @entity146 manifestations that is not well understood. However, this disease has attracted growing attention as a treatable @entity303 . Although autoimmune mechanisms are thought to play a pathogenic role in @entity14752 , the etiology of the disease remains unclear. Recently, it was reported that the serum in @entity1 with @entity14752 is frequentry positive for autoantibodies against the anti- @entity5155 2-terminal of a-enolase (anti-NAE), indicating a useful serological diagnostic marker for @entity14752 . We report the case of an 81-year-old Japanese @entity1 with probable @entity1832 and @entity1375 . In her serum, elevated anti-thyroid antibodies and positive autoantibodies against anti-NAE were observed. Elevated levels of anti- @entity3264 receptor   2 subunit ( @entity7336 ) antibodies were also detected in her cerebrospinal fluid. Because her clinical condition became stable after treatment with cholinesterase inhibitor, @entity3034 , and @entity1955 , immunotherapy was not performed. Although the relationship between @entity792 and @entity73 in this @entity1 was unclear, the present observations suggest the coexistence of @entity179 and @entity792 as the underlying pathogenic mechanism. (Received March 3, 2014; Accepted February 17, 2015; Published July 1, 2015).

title: [A XXXX with Probable @entity303 with Lewy Bodies and Positive Autoantibodies against the Anti- @entity5155 2-terminal of a-Enolase].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: RATIONALE: Notwithstanding the uncertainties about the outcomes of bone marrow cell (BMC) therapy for heart repair, further insights are critically needed to improve this promising approach. OBJECTIVE: To delineate the true effect of BMC therapy for cardiac repair and gain insights for future trials through systematic review and meta-analysis of data from eligible randomized controlled trials. METHODS AND RESULTS: Database searches through August 2014 identified 48 eligible randomized controlled trials (enrolling 2602 @entity1 ). Weighted mean differences for changes in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, @entity1188 size, LV end-systolic volume, and LV end-diastolic volume were analyzed with random-effects meta-analysis. Compared with standard therapy, BMC transplantation improved LV ejection fraction (2.92%; 95% confidence interval, 1.91-3.92; P<0.00001), reduced @entity1188 size (-2.25%; 95% confidence interval, -3.55 to -0.95; P=0.0007) and LV end-systolic volume (-6.37 mL; 95% confidence interval, -8.95 to -3.80; P<0.00001), and tended to reduce LV end-diastolic volume (-2.26 mL; 95% confidence interval, -4.59 to 0.07; P=0.06). Similar effects were noted when data were analyzed after excluding studies with discrepancies in reporting of outcomes. The benefits also persisted when cardiac catheterization was performed in control @entity1 as well. Although imaging modalities partly influenced the outcomes, LV ejection fraction improved in BMC-treated @entity1 when assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Early (<48 hours) BMC injection after @entity583 was more effective in reducing @entity1188 size, whereas BMC injection between 3 and 10 days proved superior toward improving systolic function. A minimum of 50 million BMCs seemed to be necessary, with limited additional benefits seen with increasing cell numbers. BMC therapy was safe and improved clinical outcomes, including all-cause mortality, recurrent @entity583 , @entity943 , and cerebrovascular accident during follow-up, albeit with differences between @entity583 and @entity741 subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Transplantation of adult BMCs improves LV ejection fraction, reduces @entity1188 size, and ameliorates remodeling in @entity1 with @entity741 . These effects are upheld in the analyses of studies using magnetic resonance imaging and also after excluding studies with discrepant reporting of outcomes. BMC transplantation may also reduce the incidence of @entity204 , recurrent @entity583 , @entity943 , and cerebrovascular accident during follow-up.

title: Adult Bone Marrow Cell Therapy for XXXX : Evidence and Insights From Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ischemic heart disease', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Heart Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a tropical wild plant rich in organic acids, @entity6398 , @entity4211 , polysaccharides, and volatile constituents that are beneficial for the cardiovascular system. Hibiscus sabdariffa beverages are commonly consumed to treat arterial @entity101 , yet the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has not been fully conclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess the potential antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa through systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of available RCTs. METHODS: The search included PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EMBASE (up to July 2014) to identify RCTs investigating the efficacy of H. sabdariffa supplementation on @entity13519 and @entity13520 values. Two independent reviewers extracted data on the study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Quantitative data synthesis and meta-regression were performed using a fixed-effect model, and sensitivity analysis using leave-one-out method. Five RCTs (comprising seven treatment arms) were selected for the meta-analysis. In total, 390 @entity1 were randomized, of whom 225 were allocated to the H. sabdariffa supplementation group and 165 to the control group in the selected studies. RESULTS: Fixed-effect meta-regression indicated a significant effect of H. sabdariffa supplementation in lowering both @entity13519 (weighed mean difference -7.58mmHg, 95% confidence interval -9.69 to -5.46, P<0.00001) and @entity13520 (weighed mean difference -3.53mmHg, 95% confidence interval -5.16 to -1.89, P<0.0001). These effects were inversely associated with baseline BP values, and were robust in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis of RCTs showed a significant effect of H. sabdariffa in lowering both @entity13519 and @entity13520 . Further well designed trials are necessary to validate these results.

title: Effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on arterial XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanins']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract often becomes involved in @entity1 with @entity1582 . As few @entity344 data have been reported, we describe the clinical features and outcomes of @entity1 with pathologically proven @entity344 . METHODS: We identified 155 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1582 between April 1995 and April 2013. Twenty-four @entity1 (15.5%) were diagnosed with @entity344 using associated symptoms, and the diagnoses were confirmed by direct biopsy. RESULTS: Among the 24 @entity1 , 20 (83.3%) had @entity2783 ( @entity2783 ), three (12.5%) had @entity1129 , and one (4.2%) had transthyretin-related @entity2783 . Their median age was 57 years (range, 37 to 72), and 10 @entity1 were female (41.7%). The most common symptoms of @entity344 were @entity294 (11 @entity1 , 45.8%), followed by @entity448 (nine @entity1 , 37.5%), @entity353 , and @entity1209 (seven @entity1 , 29.2%). The histologically confirmed GI tract site in @entity2783 was the stomach in 11 @entity1 (55.0%), the colon in nine (45.0%), the rectum in seven (35.0%), and the small bowel in one (5.0%). @entity1 with @entity344 had a greater frequency of organ involvement (p = 0.014). Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with @entity344 was shorter (7.95 months; range, 0.3 to 40.54) than in those without @entity344 (15.84 months; range, 0.0 to 114.53; p = 0.069) in a univariate analysis. A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for @entity2783 revealed that @entity344 was not a significant predictor of @entity1349 (p = 0.447). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity2783 was poorer than those without @entity344 , and they presented with more organ involvement and more advanced disease than those without organ involvement.

title: Clinical features and outcomes of @entity1582 with XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis and GI involvement', 'AL', 'type amyloidosis', 'AL amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis light chain']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI amyloidosis', 'GI involvement']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and/or vomiting']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal involvement']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract often becomes involved in @entity1 with @entity1582 . As few @entity344 data have been reported, we describe the clinical features and outcomes of @entity1 with pathologically proven @entity344 . METHODS: We identified 155 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1582 between April 1995 and April 2013. Twenty-four @entity1 (15.5%) were diagnosed with @entity344 using associated symptoms, and the diagnoses were confirmed by direct biopsy. RESULTS: Among the 24 @entity1 , 20 (83.3%) had @entity2783 ( @entity2783 ), three (12.5%) had @entity1129 , and one (4.2%) had transthyretin-related @entity2783 . Their median age was 57 years (range, 37 to 72), and 10 @entity1 were female (41.7%). The most common symptoms of @entity344 were @entity294 (11 @entity1 , 45.8%), followed by @entity448 (nine @entity1 , 37.5%), @entity353 , and @entity1209 (seven @entity1 , 29.2%). The histologically confirmed GI tract site in @entity2783 was the stomach in 11 @entity1 (55.0%), the colon in nine (45.0%), the rectum in seven (35.0%), and the small bowel in one (5.0%). @entity1 with @entity344 had a greater frequency of organ involvement (p = 0.014). Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with @entity344 was shorter (7.95 months; range, 0.3 to 40.54) than in those without @entity344 (15.84 months; range, 0.0 to 114.53; p = 0.069) in a univariate analysis. A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for @entity2783 revealed that @entity344 was not a significant predictor of @entity1349 (p = 0.447). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity2783 was poorer than those without @entity344 , and they presented with more organ involvement and more advanced disease than those without organ involvement.

title: Clinical features and outcomes of XXXX with @entity344 : a single-center experience.

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['systemic amyloidosis']


abstract: We investigated the protective effects and mechanism of @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) on vascular @entity6306 induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in a @entity35 model. Seventy-two male @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups: a NS group, a @entity6172 group, a BDL + NS group, and a BDL + @entity6172 group. @entity6172 was administrated into @entity35 in the @entity6172 and BDL + @entity6172 groups by gastric gavage. An equal volume of normal saline was, respectively, given in the NS group and BDL + NS group. Blood was gathered for serological determination and thoracic aorta rings were isolated for measurement of isometric tension. @entity3883 led to a significant increase in the serum total @entity648 , AST, and ALT levels. The proinflammatory cytokines levels ( @entity1505 and @entity3426 ), concentration of NO, and oxidative stress markers ( @entity1865 and 3-NT) were increased as well. All of those were reduced by the treatment of @entity6172 . Meanwhile, contraction of aorta rings to NA and vasorelaxation to @entity3451 or SNP in the BDL group @entity35 were markedly decreased, while @entity6172 administration reversed this change. Our findings suggested that @entity6172 supplementation attenuated overexpressed @entity29101 from the reaction of excessive NO with @entity3612 (   -) and protected against @entity3883 -induced vascular @entity6306 in @entity35 .

title: @entity2041 Supplementation Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Improves Vascular XXXX in @entity3883 .

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive jaundice', 'obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity6306 :: (MESH:C566417,Disease) :: ['Hyporesponsiveness']


abstract: We investigated the protective effects and mechanism of @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) on vascular @entity6306 induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in a @entity35 model. Seventy-two male @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups: a NS group, a @entity6172 group, a BDL + NS group, and a BDL + @entity6172 group. @entity6172 was administrated into @entity35 in the @entity6172 and BDL + @entity6172 groups by gastric gavage. An equal volume of normal saline was, respectively, given in the NS group and BDL + NS group. Blood was gathered for serological determination and thoracic aorta rings were isolated for measurement of isometric tension. @entity3883 led to a significant increase in the serum total @entity648 , AST, and ALT levels. The proinflammatory cytokines levels ( @entity1505 and @entity3426 ), concentration of NO, and oxidative stress markers ( @entity1865 and 3-NT) were increased as well. All of those were reduced by the treatment of @entity6172 . Meanwhile, contraction of aorta rings to NA and vasorelaxation to @entity3451 or SNP in the BDL group @entity35 were markedly decreased, while @entity6172 administration reversed this change. Our findings suggested that @entity6172 supplementation attenuated overexpressed @entity29101 from the reaction of excessive NO with @entity3612 (   -) and protected against @entity3883 -induced vascular @entity6306 in @entity35 .

title: XXXX Supplementation Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Improves Vascular @entity6306 in @entity3883 .

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['Glutathione']


abstract: We investigated the protective effects and mechanism of @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) on vascular @entity6306 induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in a @entity35 model. Seventy-two male @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups: a NS group, a @entity6172 group, a BDL + NS group, and a BDL + @entity6172 group. @entity6172 was administrated into @entity35 in the @entity6172 and BDL + @entity6172 groups by gastric gavage. An equal volume of normal saline was, respectively, given in the NS group and BDL + NS group. Blood was gathered for serological determination and thoracic aorta rings were isolated for measurement of isometric tension. @entity3883 led to a significant increase in the serum total @entity648 , AST, and ALT levels. The proinflammatory cytokines levels ( @entity1505 and @entity3426 ), concentration of NO, and oxidative stress markers ( @entity1865 and 3-NT) were increased as well. All of those were reduced by the treatment of @entity6172 . Meanwhile, contraction of aorta rings to NA and vasorelaxation to @entity3451 or SNP in the BDL group @entity35 were markedly decreased, while @entity6172 administration reversed this change. Our findings suggested that @entity6172 supplementation attenuated overexpressed @entity29101 from the reaction of excessive NO with @entity3612 (   -) and protected against @entity3883 -induced vascular @entity6306 in @entity35 .

title: @entity2041 Supplementation Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Improves Vascular @entity6306 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['Experimental Obstructive Jaundice']