abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressive therapy, prolonged antibiotic use, and intrathecal injections are known risk factors for the development of @entity3 . Central nervous system (CNS) @entity2381 can manifest in many forms, including @entity5880 formation. The majority of the @entity5880 presents with @entity510 after @entity397 and are associated with high mortality. Only 3 cases of true @entity5880 have been reported following trans-sphenoidal surgery. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 38-year-old @entity1 was admitted with nonfunctioning @entity977 for which he underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery. Three weeks later, he presented with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity5254 and @entity693 . He was treated with intrathecal and intravenous antibiotics, stress dose of glucocorticoids, and lumbar drain. The defect in the sphenoid bone was closed endoscopically. After 3 weeks of therapy, he suddenly became unresponsive, and computed tomography of the head showed @entity510 . He succumbed to illness on the next day, and a limited autopsy of the brain was performed. The autopsy revealed extensive @entity510 and @entity384 , @entity715 of the basilar artery (BA), multiple hemorrhagic @entity1188 in the midbrain, and pons. Histopathology of the BA revealed the loss of internal elastic lamina and septate hyphae with an acute angle branching on Grocott's @entity1332 silver stain, conforming to the morphology of Aspergillus. CONCLUSION: The possibility of intracranial @entity364 should be strongly considered in any @entity1 receiving intrathecal antibiotics who fails to improve in 1-2 weeks, and frequent CSF culture for fungi should be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Since CSF culture has poor sensitivity in the diagnosis of @entity364 of CNS; empirical institution of antifungal therapy may be considered in this scenario.

title: True @entity5880 in a XXXX with gonadotropinoma after trans-sphenoidal surgery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acupuncture is often used for @entity2704 prophylaxis but its effectiveness is still controversial. This review (along with a companion review on 'Acupuncture for @entity2701 ') represents an updated version of a Cochrane review originally published in Issue 1, 2001, of The Cochrane Library. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether acupuncture is a) more effective than no prophylactic treatment/routine care only; b) more effective than 'sham' (placebo) acupuncture; and c) as effective as other interventions in reducing @entity10 frequency in @entity1 with @entity2704 . METHODS: Search methods: The Cochrane @entity158 , Palliative _ Supportive Care Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Complementary Medicine Field Trials Register were searched to January 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized trials with a post-randomization observation period of at least 8 weeks that compared the clinical effects of an acupuncture intervention with a control (no prophylactic treatment or routine care only), a sham acupuncture intervention or another intervention in @entity1 with @entity2704 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers checked eligibility; extracted information on @entity1 , interventions, methods and results; and assessed risk of bias and quality of the acupuncture intervention. Outcomes extracted included response (outcome of primary interest), @entity2704 attacks, @entity2704 days, @entity10 days and analgesic use. Pooled effect size estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-two trials with 4419 @entity1 (mean 201, median 42, range 27 to 1715) met the inclusion criteria. Six trials (including two large trials with 401 and 1715 @entity1 ) compared acupuncture to no prophylactic treatment or routine care only. After 3 to 4 months @entity1 receiving acupuncture had higher response rates and fewer @entity10 . The only study with long-term follow up saw no evidence that effects dissipated up to 9 months after cessation of treatment. Fourteen trials compared a 'true' acupuncture intervention with a variety of sham interventions. Pooled analyses did not show a statistically significant superiority for true acupuncture for any outcome in any of the time windows, but the results of single trials varied considerably. Four trials compared acupuncture to proven prophylactic drug treatment. Overall in these trials acupuncture was associated with slightly better outcomes and fewer adverse effects than prophylactic drug treatment. Two small low-quality trials comparing acupuncture with relaxation (alone or in combination with massage) could not be interpreted reliably. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In the previous version of this review, evidence in support of acupuncture for @entity2704 prophylaxis was considered promising but insufficient. Now, with 12 additional trials, there is consistent evidence that acupuncture provides additional benefit to treatment of acute @entity2704 attacks only or to routine care. There is no evidence for an effect of 'true' acupuncture over sham interventions, though this is difficult to interpret, as exact point location could be of limited importance. Available studies suggest that acupuncture is at least as effective as, or possibly more effective than, prophylactic drug treatment, and has fewer adverse effects. Acupuncture should be considered a treatment option for @entity1 willing to undergo this treatment.

title: Acupuncture for XXXX prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: In many previous investigations of illness behavior the dependent variable has been restricted to use or nonuse of physicians' services. The purpose of this study was to determine how males and females differ in the tendency to respond to their symptoms when self-treatment and lay consultation as well as medical care are considered. The sample consisted of all white, married individuals (n = 532) participating in a household survey who reported at least one symptom episode during a 4-week recall period. An important feature of this survey data set is that there were no proxy respondents. Similar distributions of behavioral responses to symptom episodes were found for @entity1 and @entity1 . Multinomial logit analysis was used to identify the factors associated with specific @entity146 . The independent variables were: characteristics of the individual and family such as number of @entity1 , social class and employment status; characteristics and perceptions of the symptom episode including discomfort, disability and belief that a physician could do something to relieve it; and access to, and attitudes toward medical care. Belief that a physician could do something to relieve the symptoms, number of days of disability and number of component symptoms in the complex were positively related to use of medical care and duration of the symptom episode was negatively related to use of medical care for both @entity1 and @entity1 . Several of the independent variables affected only one sex group or had differential effects on males and females. Sex differences were most pronounced with respect to use of lay consultants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sex differences in factors associated with use of medical care and alternative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['illness behaviors']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['illness behaviors']


abstract: The surgical results in 39 @entity1 operated on for @entity2876 at Red Cross War Memorial @entity1 's Hospital between January 1975 and January 1985 are reported. The mean age at operation was 12.8 weeks (range 6 weeks-6 months). In the first 4 years no @entity1 had sustained bile drainage after operation. Since 1979 16 of 32 @entity1 (50%) have had significant bile drainage. Of these, 8 are alive and have been followed up from 6 months to 6 years after operation. Five are jaundice-free and well. The other 3 are mildly jaundiced, have evidence of ongoing @entity409 , and have a poor prognosis. The @entity204 were due to progressive @entity409 with @entity1578 , portal @entity101 , and intercurrent @entity281 . @entity255 after 'successful' porto-enterostomy was the main cause of poor prognosis and can be related to the age at referral and the presence of @entity1575 at the time of surgery; thus bile drainage does not necessarily equate with cure. Early referral of @entity1 with conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia to a major centre is of paramount importance if we are to improve the prognosis.

title: XXXX . A 10-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangitis']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['Biliary atresia--surgical management']


abstract: A double-blind study was performed on 50 elderly @entity1 undergoing hip-replacement surgery under general anaesthesia; 26 were given @entity594 and the remaining 24 placebo to determine effects on the continuously monitored (Holter) ECG during the 4 peri-operative days. Drugs were only administered during the latter 3 days of the observation period. Surgery was performed on the morning of the 3rd day. A striking feature was the high incidence of @entity943 in both groups of @entity1 , a finding previously documented in both 'normal' and elderly @entity1 . A decrease in ST-segment changes was expected in the @entity594 -treated @entity1 . An unexpected finding, therefore, was the lack of protection against cardiac ischaemic changes in the @entity594 -treated @entity1 compared with the placebo @entity1 . Interpretation of the ST segment as seen in the Holter-monitored ECG remains controversial. We have no clear explanation for the lack of protection against ischaemic changes. The effects of profound vasodilatation produced by @entity594 in elderly @entity1 subjected to major surgery, general anaesthesia including administration of enflurane, and a variable amount of @entity190 in the postoperative period may be important factors. In conclusion, one should perhaps be cautious of @entity594 administration under these circumstances.

title: Effects of XXXX on the peri-operative ECG, as determined by continuous Holter monitoring. A double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: Concentrations of @entity3397 and @entity7912 adipate were determined in @entity291 plasma and milk and in lymph draining the udder tissue after IM or IV administration. Combined @entity3397 and @entity14287 concentrations were also determined in the same fluids after intramammary injection. A superficial parenchymal lymph vessel, afferent to the supramammary lymph gland of the left quarters, was cannulated with a @entity691 catheter from which the lymph was allowed to drain freely. After injections of 9.5 mg of @entity3397 /kg of body weight IM, a mean peak concentration (PC) in lymph (3.7 micrograms/ml), constituting 77% of the PC in plasma (4.8 micrograms/ml), was obtained 0.5 to 1 hour after PC in the plasma. The @entity3397 lymph concentration was close to that in plasma for about 7 hours after injection. Thereafter, the @entity3397 lymph concentration continued to exceed that in plasma, but not that in milk. After IV administration of @entity7912 adipate, the lymph concentration was almost identical to that in plasma. After intramammary injection of @entity16630 (400 mg), in combination with the same amount of @entity14287 , into 2 udder quarters each, mean PC in the lymph of 3.5 micrograms/ml and 8.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, were obtained 6 hours after injection. In plasma, the mean PC of @entity3397 (0.07 micrograms/ml) and of @entity14287 (0.85 micrograms/ml) were obtained after 4 and 6 hours, respectively. In milk from the nontreated quarters, a mean concentration of 5 ng of @entity3397 /ml was obtained, whereas @entity14287 (greater than or equal to 0.3 microgram/ml) was not detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Concentrations of penicillin, streptomycin, and @entity7912 in XXXX udder tissue liquids.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polythene']

entities_list: @entity16630 :: ('MESH:D010402', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine benzylpenicillin']

entities_list: @entity14287 :: ('MESH:D004096', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrostreptomycin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity7912 :: ('MESH:D015572', 'Chemical') :: ['spiramycin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['benzylpenicillin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Concentrations of @entity3397 and @entity7912 adipate were determined in @entity291 plasma and milk and in lymph draining the udder tissue after IM or IV administration. Combined @entity3397 and @entity14287 concentrations were also determined in the same fluids after intramammary injection. A superficial parenchymal lymph vessel, afferent to the supramammary lymph gland of the left quarters, was cannulated with a @entity691 catheter from which the lymph was allowed to drain freely. After injections of 9.5 mg of @entity3397 /kg of body weight IM, a mean peak concentration (PC) in lymph (3.7 micrograms/ml), constituting 77% of the PC in plasma (4.8 micrograms/ml), was obtained 0.5 to 1 hour after PC in the plasma. The @entity3397 lymph concentration was close to that in plasma for about 7 hours after injection. Thereafter, the @entity3397 lymph concentration continued to exceed that in plasma, but not that in milk. After IV administration of @entity7912 adipate, the lymph concentration was almost identical to that in plasma. After intramammary injection of @entity16630 (400 mg), in combination with the same amount of @entity14287 , into 2 udder quarters each, mean PC in the lymph of 3.5 micrograms/ml and 8.4 micrograms/ml, respectively, were obtained 6 hours after injection. In plasma, the mean PC of @entity3397 (0.07 micrograms/ml) and of @entity14287 (0.85 micrograms/ml) were obtained after 4 and 6 hours, respectively. In milk from the nontreated quarters, a mean concentration of 5 ng of @entity3397 /ml was obtained, whereas @entity14287 (greater than or equal to 0.3 microgram/ml) was not detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Concentrations of penicillin, streptomycin, and XXXX in @entity291 udder tissue liquids.

answer: @entity7912 :: (MESH:D015572,Chemical) :: ['spiramycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10701 is a highly contagious infection of the oral cavity which typically affects @entity1 but can also occur in adults. Symptoms may vary widely from mild discomfort to life-threatening @entity198 . OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of systemic @entity1033 for @entity10701 . SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 22 May 2008); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 2); MEDLINE (1950 to 22 May 2008); and EMBASE (1980 to 22 May 2008). There were no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing @entity1033 to placebo in @entity1 and young adults < 25 years of age with a diagnosis of @entity10701 with or without herpes labialis were considered. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently and in duplicate screened and extracted information from, and assessed the risk of bias in the included clinical trials. The Cochrane Collaboration statistical guidelines were followed for data synthesis. MAIN RESULTS: Only two clinical trials, one with 72 @entity1 and the other with 20 @entity1 were included in this review. The second study failed to report several methodological items and was inconsistent in its reporting of the outcomes measurement.The first trial, with a moderate risk of bias, showed better results in the @entity1033 group compared to the placebo group in @entity1 < 6 years of age in reducing the number of individuals with @entity75 (risk ratio (RR) 0.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02 to 0.38)), new @entity75 (RR 0.04 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.65)), difficulty in eating (RR 0.14 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.58)), and drinking @entity4764 (RR 0.11 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.83)) after 8 days of treatment.Following the onset of treatment, three @entity1 from the placebo group were admitted to hospital for rehydration (P = 0.11). Four @entity1 (two from the @entity1033 , and two from the placebo group) showed mild @entity344 that resolved spontaneously after 24 to 48 hours without a change in the study treatment. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found two relevant trials in this systematic review, only one of them could provide some weak evidence that @entity1033 is an effective treatment in reducing the number of @entity75 , preventing the development of new @entity75 , decreasing the number of individuals with @entity4764 experienced in eating and drinking and reducing hospital admission for @entity1 under 6 years of age with @entity10701 .

title: WITHDRAWN: @entity1033 for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['oral lesions', 'extraoral lesions']

entities_list: @entity10701 :: ('MESH:D013283', 'Disease') :: ['Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis', 'primary herpetic gingivostomatitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['difficulties']

answer: @entity10701 :: (MESH:D013283,Disease) :: ['primary herpetic gingivostomatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10701 is a highly contagious infection of the oral cavity which typically affects @entity1 but can also occur in adults. Symptoms may vary widely from mild discomfort to life-threatening @entity198 . OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of systemic @entity1033 for @entity10701 . SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following databases: Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 22 May 2008); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 2); MEDLINE (1950 to 22 May 2008); and EMBASE (1980 to 22 May 2008). There were no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing @entity1033 to placebo in @entity1 and young adults < 25 years of age with a diagnosis of @entity10701 with or without herpes labialis were considered. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently and in duplicate screened and extracted information from, and assessed the risk of bias in the included clinical trials. The Cochrane Collaboration statistical guidelines were followed for data synthesis. MAIN RESULTS: Only two clinical trials, one with 72 @entity1 and the other with 20 @entity1 were included in this review. The second study failed to report several methodological items and was inconsistent in its reporting of the outcomes measurement.The first trial, with a moderate risk of bias, showed better results in the @entity1033 group compared to the placebo group in @entity1 < 6 years of age in reducing the number of individuals with @entity75 (risk ratio (RR) 0.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02 to 0.38)), new @entity75 (RR 0.04 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.65)), difficulty in eating (RR 0.14 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.58)), and drinking @entity4764 (RR 0.11 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.83)) after 8 days of treatment.Following the onset of treatment, three @entity1 from the placebo group were admitted to hospital for rehydration (P = 0.11). Four @entity1 (two from the @entity1033 , and two from the placebo group) showed mild @entity344 that resolved spontaneously after 24 to 48 hours without a change in the study treatment. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We found two relevant trials in this systematic review, only one of them could provide some weak evidence that @entity1033 is an effective treatment in reducing the number of @entity75 , preventing the development of new @entity75 , decreasing the number of individuals with @entity4764 experienced in eating and drinking and reducing hospital admission for @entity1 under 6 years of age with @entity10701 .

title: WITHDRAWN: XXXX for treating @entity10701 .

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['Acyclovir']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the advances in modern radiotherapy (RT), many @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ) can be effectively cured, and their @entity283 ( @entity283 ) has become an important issue. In this study, we evaluated the prognosticators of @entity283 in a large cohort of @entity135 @entity1 , with a focus on the result from technological advances in RT. METHODS: A cross-sectional investigation was conducted to assess the @entity283 of 640 @entity135 @entity1 with @entity5 -free survival of more than 2 years. Among them, 371 @entity1 were treated by two-dimensional RT (2DRT), 127 by three-dimensional conformal RT (3DCRT), and 142 by intensity-modulated RT (IMRT). The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and QLQ-H_N35 module were used. A general linear model multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the prognosticators of @entity283 . RESULTS: By multivariate analysis, the variables of gender, annual family income, @entity5 site, AJCC stage, treatment methods, and RT technique were prognosticators for QLQ-C30 results, so were @entity5 site and RT technique for H_N35. Significant difference (p < 0.05) of @entity283 outcome by different RT techniques was observed at 2 of the 15 scales in QLQ-C30 and 10 of the 13 scales in H_N35. Compared with 2DRT, IMRT had significant better outcome in the scales of global QoL, physical functioning, swallowing, senses (taste/smell), speech, social eating, social contact, teeth, @entity2133 , @entity2133 , sticky saliva, and feeling ill. CONCLUSIONS: The technological advance of RT substantially improves the head-and-neck related symptoms and broad aspects of @entity283 for @entity135 survivors.

title: Health-related quality of life in 640 XXXX survivors after radiotherapy using EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-H_N35 questionnaires.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health-related quality of life', 'HR-QoL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['opening mouth', 'dry mouth']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 result in significant healthcare expenditures (direct costs) and loss of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) (indirect costs). Interventional therapy has demonstrated improved functional outcomes in @entity1 with large vessel occlusions (LVOs), which are likely to reduce the economic burden of @entity64 . OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel real-world dollar model to assess the direct and indirect cost-benefit of mechanical embolectomy compared with medical treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) based on shifts in @entity3517 ( @entity3517 ). METHOD: A cost model was developed including multiple parameters to account for both direct and indirect @entity64 costs. These were adjusted based upon functional outcome ( @entity3517 ). The model compared IV tPA with mechanical embolectomy to assess the costs and benefits of both therapies. Direct @entity64 -related costs included hospitalization, inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation, home care, skilled nursing facilities, and long-term care facility costs. Indirect costs included years of life expectancy lost and lost QALYs. Values for the model cost parameters were derived from numerous resources and functional outcomes were derived from the MR CLEAN study as a reflective sample of LVOs. Direct and indirect costs and benefits for the two treatments were assessed using Microsoft Excel 2013. RESULTS: This cost-benefit model found a cost-benefit of mechanical embolectomy over IV tPA of  163   624.27 per @entity1 and the cost benefit for 50   000 @entity1 on an annual basis is  8   181   213   653.77. CONCLUSIONS: If applied widely within the USA, mechanical embolectomy will significantly reduce the direct and indirect financial burden of @entity64 ( 8 billion/50   000 @entity1 ).

title: Novel model of direct and indirect cost-benefit analysis of mechanical embolectomy over IV tPA for large vessel occlusions: a real-world dollar analysis based on improvements in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3517 :: ('MESH:C564098', 'Disease') :: ['modified Rankin scores', 'mRS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity3517 :: (MESH:C564098,Disease) :: ['mRS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) against the reference standard of isotopic GFR (iGFR) in monitoring renal function during follow-up after cystectomy and urinary diversion. METHODS: @entity1 who had undergone cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion at two centres between August 2001 and August 2006 were identified. eGFR calculated using the MDRD formula was compared to @entity8680 EDTA measured iGFR values measured at similar time-points during follow-up. RESULTS: Six hundred and fourteen paired iGFR and eGFR results were analysed from 166 @entity1 (18  % female, median age 70  years). There was a significant difference between paired iGFR and eGFR measurements (p  <  0.0001) with a mean bias of +1.8  mls/min/1.73m(2) (SD 18.0) and a 95  % limit of agreement of -33.5 to 37.2  mls/min/1.73m(2). iGFR and eGFR values converged at a GFR of approximately 45  mls/min/1.73m(2). 70.6  % of @entity1 experienced a @entity177 greater than expected (>0.58  mls/min/1.73m(2)/year). In 22.4  % of these @entity1 , a decline of greater than 10  % in iGFR occurred that was undetected by eGFR measurements, which overestimated GFR. There was no significant relationship between @entity1 height, weight or body mass index and the accuracy of eGFR measurements. CONCLUSIONS: iGFR measurement is recommended following ileal conduit urinary diversion if early signs of @entity177 are to be detected. eGFR overestimates GFR in critically relevant ranges and fails to detect loss in a clinically significant proportion of @entity1 .

title: Estimated glomerular filtration rate is unreliable in detecting XXXX during follow-up after cystectomy and urinary diversion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['loss of renal function', 'renal function loss']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal function loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study investigates the effects of Tanreqing injection, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on the proliferation of @entity1778 cells in vitro and discusses the potential mechanisms. METHODS: Tanreqing injection was diluted to a series of concentrations (1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128, 1:256 and 1:512) by volume and then independently applied to treat chronic @entity2800 K562 cells and T cell @entity981 Molt4 cells at the proliferative stage. Cell growth was observed at different time intervals under a microscope. Cell proliferation was determined by cell counting kit-8 assay and the survival curve was delineated. The inhibitory rate and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) were calculated. Molt4 cells were stained with @entity2667 (PI) and PI/ @entity4404 and then the cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by using flow cytometry. In addition, a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was subjected to detect the expressions of apoptosis-related genes ( @entity588 and @entity522 ) after Tanreqing treatment. RESULTS: Tanreqing injection had inhibitory effects on the proliferation of K562 cells and Molt4 cells. The most toxic concentrations were observed between 1:2 and 1:16 where cells were almost necrotic. The inhibitory effect manifested in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The IC50 of K562 and Molt4 was 1:333 and 1:142, respectively. After 1:32 Tanreqing injection treatment for 72 h, the number of Molt4 cells in the S phase significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the apoptosis rate markedly increased (P<0.05). In addition, increased @entity522 expression and decreased @entity588 expression were also observed (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Tanreqing injection can both inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of @entity1778 cells in vitro, whereby the potential mechanism seems to be mediated in part by decreasing S phase ratio, down-regulating @entity588 expression and up-regulating @entity522 expression.

title: Inhibitory effects of traditional Chinese herbal medicine Tanreqing injection on proliferation of XXXX cells in vitro and the potential mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incisional @entity547 is a frequent problem after liver transplantation. It is related to immunosuppression, use of @entity230 , obesity, as well as the type of incision. Laparoscopic repair shows a lower rate of complications in @entity281 and recurrence, as well as @entity282 and faster recovery. METHODS: We reviewed our experience with laparoscopic incisional @entity547 repair (LIHR) in @entity1 after liver transplantation, using the BARD Composix mesh which is composed of two layers of @entity7502 and @entity736 ( @entity736 ) and fixed with metal ProTack. RESULTS: Between March 2002 and April 2010, we performed 20 LIHR in 17 male and three female subjects of overall mean age of 58.3 years, and body mass Index of 31.05 kg/m(2). The mean size of the defects was 215.25 cm(2). All @entity1 had undergone bilateral subcostal incisions with a midline extension, and seven had additional operations after the transplantation for various reasons. There were no differences in immunosuppression. Three @entity1 had needed @entity134 boluses for acute graft rejection episodes. There was no conversion of therapy. The size of mesh was 18   23 cm in seven cases and 20   25 in 12 cases. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.1 days. Oral feeding was initiated a few hours after surgery, and routine immunosuppression was not discontinued. There were no major early complications. During follow-up, we identified one @entity1 with a @entity281 (5%) and one with a recurrence (5%). CONCLUSION: LIHR is safe and feasible even for @entity409 .

title: Feasibility and effectiveness of laparoscopic incisional XXXX repair after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['major hernias after liver transplantation with few complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['terms of infection', 'mesh infection']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['reduced postoperative pain']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We performed single-center outcome comparison of pediatric recipients who underwent liver transplantation for either @entity74 including the clinical impact of using heterozygote parents as living donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pediatric liver transplant recipients from September 2007 to December 2010 were included. @entity1 were separated into 2 categories by etiology of @entity409 : (1) genetic or metabolic @entity409 (G/M) and (2) nongenetic or metabolic @entity409 (non-G/M), which included all other remaining etiologies combined. @entity1 demographics, recipient and donor characteristics, graft type, operative data, recipient complications, allograft and @entity1 survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty liver transplants were performed on 40 @entity1 ; 18 were transplanted for G/M; mean waiting time was 101 days for G/M group and 57 days for non-G/M group; 9 @entity1 were listed as status 1, 5 were granted @entity16900 /MELD exceptions; the overall mean @entity16900 /MELD score was 21. Four G/M @entity1 had @entity157 in the explant without microvascular invasion. Overall complications requiring either surgery or interventional radiology occurred in 14 @entity1 -G/M (n = 5); @entity2834 @entity646 was seen in 11 @entity1 (G/M, n = 1); detectable EBV DNA was detectable in 8 @entity1 (G/M, n = 4), acute cellular rejection was seen in 10 (G/M, n = 5), postransplant @entity1071 occurred in 2 G/M @entity1 ; and 1 G/M @entity1 showed significantly improved posttransplant neurologic motor function. @entity1 with G/M who received a living donor liver transplant from heterozygote parents did well without any signs of expressing underlying @entity209 . Posttransplant graft and @entity1 overall survival at 12 months for G/M and non-G/M was 100%, and at 36 months, 83% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity1 transplanted for either @entity74 were status 1 or awarded UNOS exception points. Cadaveric split livers and live donors including obligate heterozygotes resulted in excellent allograft and @entity1 survival outcomes. In metabolic and genetic @entity409 , close follow-up and timely transplantation can preclude malignant spread and prevent disease progression and consequences, as well as reverse neurologic sequelae.

title: XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic or metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Pediatric liver transplantation for inherited metabolic liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical circulatory support has an important role in the surgical therapy for @entity712 . @entity1 deteriorating on transplantation waiting lists or those unsuitable for transplantation have been treated with ventricular assist devices. In this report, we have presented application of ventricular assist systems for @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 . METHODS: Between April 2007 and September 2010, we treated 37 @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 with mechanical circulatory support, including 5 @entity1 younger than 16 years of age. Three @entity1 were females, and the overall mean age was 40    18 years (range, 1.5-67). In 29 @entity1 we implanted paracorporeal pneumatic ventricular assist devices. Axial flow pumps were chosen to support the left ventricle in 8 @entity1 . Biventricular support was applied in 9 @entity1 because of their poor preoperative clinical conditions and advanced evidence of @entity67 . RESULTS: Heart transplantation was performed in 16 @entity1 (43%). One subject, who was managed with a left ventricular assist device implantation and coronary bypass grafting, was weaned from the system because of recovery of ventricular functions. Eleven @entity1 (30%) are still on pump support. Nine @entity1 (24%) died during mechanical circulatory support. The most prevalent cause of mortality was @entity177 (n = 5; 13.5%). @entity548 was the cause of @entity204 in 2 @entity1 . One @entity1 died due to @entity647 , and an other due to @entity320 . CONCLUSION: Use of a ventricular assist device as a bridge-to-transplantation or as destination therapy can be performed with acceptable mortality. It may be the most promising option for @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 . Development of device technology, advanced monitoring of anticoagulation and anti-aggregation therapy, and greater clinical experience may yield better results.

title: Ventricular assist system applications in end-stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Looking for and treating the portal of entry (POE) of @entity884 ( @entity884 ) is important, but published research on this topic is nonexistent. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to systematically search for the POEs of present and potentially new episodes of IEs. METHODS: @entity1 were systematically seen by a stomatologist, an ear, nose, and throat specialist, and a urologist; @entity1 were systematically seen by a gynecologist; @entity1 were seen by a dermatologist when there were cutaneous and/or @entity75 . Colonoscopy and gastroscopy were performed if the microorganism came from the gastrointestinal tract in @entity1  >= 50 years of age and in those with familial histories of @entity1412 . Treatment of the POE was systematically considered. RESULTS: The POEs of the present @entity884 episodes were identified in 74% of the 318 included @entity1 . The most frequent POE was cutaneous (40% of identified POEs). It was mainly (62% of cutaneous POEs) associated with health care and with intravenous drug use. The second most frequent POE was oral or dental (29%). A dental @entity166 focus was more often involved (59% of oral or dental POEs) than a dental procedure (12%). POEs were gastrointestinal in 23% of @entity1 . @entity1586 were found in one-half of the @entity1 and @entity14 in 14%. Performance was good regarding the  search for an oral or dental or a colonic potential POE, which were found in 53% and 40% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our search for the POEs of present IEs was often successful, as was searching for an oral or dental or a gastrointestinal POE of a new @entity884 episode. We advise the systematic performance of stomatologic examinations in @entity1 with @entity884 and performance of colonoscopy in @entity1  >= 50 years of age or at high risk for @entity14 .

title: Systematic Search for  Present and Potential Portals of Entry for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['mucous lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyposis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic polyps']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Infective Endocarditis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The accuracy of @entity2479 in age-related @entity1020 by optical coherence tomography (OCT) is affected by threshold algorithm line errors. The reproducibility of error correction in Stratus and Cirrus OCT should be examined. METHODS: OCT examinations of a consecutive series of 104 @entity1 with neovascular age-related @entity1020 included in another study were reviewed. 72 eyes exhibited failures in Stratus OCT and 32 eyes in Cirrus OCT and were included in this new study. Algorithm line failures of Stratus OCT (retinal thickness program) and Cirrus OCT (Macular Cube 512 128 program) were corrected independently twice by two ophthalmologists and two residents, respectively, using the Stratus and Cirrus OCT built-in software. Reproducibility was assessed by the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The corrected values of central retinal thickness were significantly lower than the automated measured values in Stratus OCT for all examiners (p<0.001), while in Cirrus OCT the differences were not significant (p=0.06-0.09). For Stratus OCT, the ICC for central retinal thickness was 0.991 and 0.997 for the experienced ophthalmologists and 0.89 and 0.97 for the residents. For Cirrus OCT, the ICC was 1.0 and 1.0 for the experienced ophthalmologists and 0.99 and 0.95 for the residents. CONCLUSION: The reproducibility of threshold algorithm line failure correction was good overall in Stratus and Cirrus OCT and can therefore be recommended to improve @entity2479 , particularly when experienced examiners perform the corrections.

title: Reproducibility of segmentation error correction in age-related XXXX : Stratus versus Cirrus OCT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal thickness measurement']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: HLA mismatch antigens are major targets of alloreactive T cells in HLA-incompatible stem-cell transplantation, which can trigger severe @entity2132 and reduce survival in transplant recipients. Our objective was to identify T-cell subsets with reduced in vitro reactivity to allogeneic HLA antigens. DESIGN AND METHODS: We sorted @entity404 and @entity405 T-cell subsets from peripheral blood by flow cytometry according to their expression of naive and memory markers CD45RA, CD45RO, @entity1196 , and @entity9350 . Subsets were defined by a single marker to facilitate future establishment of a clinical-grade procedure for reducing alloreactive T-cell precursors and @entity2132 . T cells were stimulated in mixed lymphocyte reactions against HLA-deficient K562 cells transfected with single @entity2149 /-C/-DR/-DQ mismatch alleles. Alloreactivity was measured by interferon-y spot production and cell proliferation. RESULTS: We observed that allogeneic HLA-reactivity was preferentially derived from subsets enriched for na  ve T cells rather than memory T cells in healthy donors, irrespective of the HLA mismatch allele. This separation was most efficient if CD45RA (versus other markers) was used for sorting. The numbers of allogeneic HLA-reactive effector cells were in median 7.2-fold and 16.6-fold lower in CD45RA(neg) memory @entity405 and @entity404 T cells than in entire @entity405 and @entity404 T cells, respectively. In contrast, proliferation of memory T cells in response to allogeneic HLA was more variably reduced ( @entity405 ) or equivalent ( @entity404 ) when compared to that of na  ve T cells. We also demonstrated in HLA-matched donor- @entity1 pairs that @entity1778 -reactive @entity405 cytotoxic T-lymphocytes were mainly derived from subsets enriched for na  ve T cells compared to memory T cells. CONCLUSIONS: Memory T-cell subsets of most healthy individuals showed decreased allogeneic HLA-reactivity, but lacked significant anti- @entity1778 responses in vitro. The clinical use of memory or na  ve-depleted T cells might be beneficial for HLA-mismatched @entity1 at high risk of @entity2132 and low risk of @entity1778 relapse. Preferred allografts are those which contain @entity1778 -reactive memory T cells. Alternatively, replenishment with @entity1778 -reactive T cells isolated from na  ve subsets is desirable.

title: Alloreactive and XXXX -reactive T cells are preferentially derived from naive precursors in healthy donors: implications for immunotherapy with memory T cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: @entity1796 is uncommon. The authors report on twelve cases. The ulnar fingers, especially the ring finger (5 cases), are the most frequently involved. Isolated @entity1795 (10 cases), usually at the level of the distal phalanx (9 cases), is the most common lesion. In two cases, both the superficialis and profundus tendons of the little finger were involved. Rupture usually occurs because of severe @entity3579 or opposed flexion; more rarely it results from direct trauma. The mean age of @entity1 (male for the most part) was 35 years old. Transosseous reinsertion (5 cases) was performed in acute cases for @entity1795 . When seen secondarily, and according to the @entity73 encountered, the authors performed as follows: one case of arthrodesis, two cases of excision of the profundus with tenolysis of the sublimis, and two cases of tendon grafts. Functional results are good when repair of the rupture is performed within the first few days after injury.

title: [ XXXX . Apropos of 12 cases].

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity3579 :: ('MESH:C536192', 'Disease') :: ['hyperextension']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic rupture of flexor tendons']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the flexor profundus tendon', 'ruptures of the flexor profundus tendons']

answer: @entity1796 :: (MESH:D013708,Disease) :: ['Traumatic rupture of flexor tendons']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity56 to antibiotics occur in up to 30% of @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). Repeated antibiotic exposure and immune hyper-responsiveness increase the risk of @entity56 and may limit antibiotic choice. Desensitization may allow the successful administration of an antibiotic despite previous @entity566 . We aimed to determine the success of antibiotic desensitization in @entity1 with @entity1577 in an adult @entity1577 unit over a 7-year period. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective medical record review was performed on the 19 @entity1 who had undergone antibiotic desensitization procedures. Data collected included drug @entity566 and intolerance profiles, nature of @entity566 , and the outcome of desensitization procedures. Desensitization procedures were performed in a ward setting according to published methods. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 (13 females) reported 62 @entity56 with a mean of 3.3 per @entity1 . Of the 71 desensitization procedures undergone by this group, 54 (76%) were successful. Fifteen of the 19 @entity1 were @entity56 to two or more @entity3405 antibiotics. Over half of the @entity1 were desensitized to more than one antibiotic. Nine different antibiotics were used in 31 different @entity1 /drug combinations. A successful outcome was achieved in 18/31 (58%) combinations, with three requiring treatment for mild @entity56 . @entity56 caused drug cessation in a total of 19 @entity1 /drug combinations (three after initial successful desensitization and full courses of antibiotics). Over 50% of these reactions occurred on day 1. Desensitization failures were more common in @entity1 with well-documented @entity56 to a specific drug. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that multiple antibiotic @entity566 are common in adults with @entity1577 . Cross-reactivity between @entity3405 antibiotics may limit antibiotic choice for the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations. Antibiotic desensitization allows safe and successful treatment in the ward setting of many @entity1 with previous @entity566 to an antibiotic. In many @entity1 symptoms of @entity566 still occur and result in cessation of the antibiotics. Use of @entity288 and antihistamines may improve the success rate of desensitization procedures.

title: Antibiotic desensitization in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic reactions', 'allergic', 'allergic reactions', 'drug allergies']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence suggests that @entity2232 and its primary receptor, the ET(A) receptor, may contribute to the progression of prostate and other @entity5 . @entity9469 ( @entity11080 ) is a highly potent, selective ET(A) receptor antagonist. This study assessed safety, maximum tolerated dose, and pharmacokinetics (PK) in @entity1 with @entity420 , primarily @entity263 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This 28-day, single-center Phase I trial evaluated the safety and PK of escalating oral @entity9469 doses (2.5-95 mg) given daily (except day 2) to eligible @entity1 >/==" BORDER="0">18 years old with an @entity420 proven resistant to standard therapy. Priority was given to @entity1 with @entity263 . After 28 days, @entity1 without objective signs of @entity5 progression were eligible to continue @entity9469 in an extension study. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 (30 of whom had @entity263 ) were treated in cohorts of three @entity1 each with escalating @entity9469 doses (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 95 mg). The most common adverse events were @entity2490 , @entity10 , and peripheral @entity4 . @entity417 consistent with a reversible hemodilution effect was observed. No maximum tolerated dose was found in the dose range studied. @entity9469 PK were characterized by rapid absorption (mean T(max) = 0.9 h), mean +/- SD oral clearance of 24 +/- 15 liters/h, and volume distribution of 726 +/- 477 liters. PK were approximately dose-proportional and time independent across doses. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9469 is well tolerated, with no dose-limiting adverse events observed up to 95 mg. Adverse events are consistent with the vasodilatory effect of the drug. PK are linear and dose-proportional; the half-life is appropriate for once-daily dosing.

title: Phase I dose-escalation study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of XXXX : an endothelin receptor antagonist for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity9469 :: ('MESH:C430623', 'Chemical') :: ['atrasentan', 'Atrasentan']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'refractory adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity9469 :: (MESH:C430623,Chemical) :: ['atrasentan']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence suggests that @entity2232 and its primary receptor, the ET(A) receptor, may contribute to the progression of prostate and other @entity5 . @entity9469 ( @entity11080 ) is a highly potent, selective ET(A) receptor antagonist. This study assessed safety, maximum tolerated dose, and pharmacokinetics (PK) in @entity1 with @entity420 , primarily @entity263 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This 28-day, single-center Phase I trial evaluated the safety and PK of escalating oral @entity9469 doses (2.5-95 mg) given daily (except day 2) to eligible @entity1 >/==" BORDER="0">18 years old with an @entity420 proven resistant to standard therapy. Priority was given to @entity1 with @entity263 . After 28 days, @entity1 without objective signs of @entity5 progression were eligible to continue @entity9469 in an extension study. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 (30 of whom had @entity263 ) were treated in cohorts of three @entity1 each with escalating @entity9469 doses (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 95 mg). The most common adverse events were @entity2490 , @entity10 , and peripheral @entity4 . @entity417 consistent with a reversible hemodilution effect was observed. No maximum tolerated dose was found in the dose range studied. @entity9469 PK were characterized by rapid absorption (mean T(max) = 0.9 h), mean +/- SD oral clearance of 24 +/- 15 liters/h, and volume distribution of 726 +/- 477 liters. PK were approximately dose-proportional and time independent across doses. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9469 is well tolerated, with no dose-limiting adverse events observed up to 95 mg. Adverse events are consistent with the vasodilatory effect of the drug. PK are linear and dose-proportional; the half-life is appropriate for once-daily dosing.

title: Phase I dose-escalation study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of @entity9469 : an endothelin receptor antagonist for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['refractory prostate cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Atypical antipsychotic agents ( @entity1088 , @entity1037 ) have been linked to metabolic effects and acute @entity788 . CASE REPORT: We reviewed the inpatient and outpatient records of three @entity1 who developed acute @entity788 while being treated with @entity1037 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 37.7 years (range 18-54 years, 2 female, 1 male). No alternative cause of acute @entity788 was found in two of the three @entity1 . In the remaining @entity1 , @entity1037 may have contributed to acute @entity788 in the setting of @entity2298 . @entity1037 was discontinued in all instances. Over a mean follow-up of 14 months, one @entity1 has had a relapsing course, but the remaining two @entity1 have been symptom free without recurrence of acute @entity788 . CONCLUSIONS: Our case series adds further support to the potential link between @entity1037 use and acute @entity788 . Close monitoring of metabolic parameters is suggested in @entity1 treated with @entity1037 . Alternative antipsychotic agents should be considered in @entity1 at high risk for @entity788 .

title: @entity788 following XXXX Therapy: A Report of Three Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['Olanzapine', 'olanzapine']

answer: @entity1037 :: (MESH:C076029,Chemical) :: ['Olanzapine']


abstract: CONTEXT: Atypical antipsychotic agents ( @entity1088 , @entity1037 ) have been linked to metabolic effects and acute @entity788 . CASE REPORT: We reviewed the inpatient and outpatient records of three @entity1 who developed acute @entity788 while being treated with @entity1037 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 37.7 years (range 18-54 years, 2 female, 1 male). No alternative cause of acute @entity788 was found in two of the three @entity1 . In the remaining @entity1 , @entity1037 may have contributed to acute @entity788 in the setting of @entity2298 . @entity1037 was discontinued in all instances. Over a mean follow-up of 14 months, one @entity1 has had a relapsing course, but the remaining two @entity1 have been symptom free without recurrence of acute @entity788 . CONCLUSIONS: Our case series adds further support to the potential link between @entity1037 use and acute @entity788 . Close monitoring of metabolic parameters is suggested in @entity1 treated with @entity1037 . Alternative antipsychotic agents should be considered in @entity1 at high risk for @entity788 .

title: XXXX following @entity1037 Therapy: A Report of Three Cases.

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Long-term potentiation (LTP), a major cellular correlate of memory storage, depends on activation of the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway, but the cell type-specific localization of activated MAPKs remains unknown. We found that in the @entity1399 field of the hippocampus, shortly after LTP induction, an increase in the number of MAPK-positive cells occurred specifically among astrocytes of the stratum radiatum, suggesting a putative role of astrocytes for LTP. @entity5829 ( @entity9956 ) is an antidepressant which is used to treat major @entity308 , but also other pathologies such as @entity9 or @entity71 . Tricyclic antidepressants such as @entity9956 may cause @entity2414 as a side effect. However, biological underpinnings of this effect still remain unclear. Here, we show that @entity9956 inhibited the astrocytic MAPK activation and thereby hindered synaptic potentiation. These effects correlated with a reduced neuronal activation in the stratum pyramidale, thereby prompting us to analyse a regulator of LTP located at the astrocyte-neuron interface in the stratum radiatum, namely the @entity40155 / @entity8115 signalling pathway. @entity9956 enhanced @entity8115 clustering, which favoured an increased @entity40155 -mediated @entity8115 phosphorylation and elevated @entity8115 forward signalling. The co-administration of @entity9956 with the @entity7242 inhibitor @entity34749 , which blocks @entity8115 forward signalling, could partially reverse the LTP attenuation, further supporting the targeting of the @entity40155 / @entity8115 pathway by @entity9956 . Thus, our findings suggest a putative novel mechanism for @entity9956 to modulate LTP through the regulation of the @entity40155 / @entity8115 signalling pathway. A further exploration of the molecular and behavioral consequences of targeting @entity40155 / @entity8115 might help to improve the clinical use of @entity9956 .

title: XXXX targets astrocytes to attenuate synaptic plasticity via modulation of the @entity40155 / @entity8115 signalling.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['Desipramine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity5829 :: (MESH:D003891,Chemical) :: ['Desipramine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Long-term potentiation (LTP), a major cellular correlate of memory storage, depends on activation of the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway, but the cell type-specific localization of activated MAPKs remains unknown. We found that in the @entity1399 field of the hippocampus, shortly after LTP induction, an increase in the number of MAPK-positive cells occurred specifically among astrocytes of the stratum radiatum, suggesting a putative role of astrocytes for LTP. @entity5829 ( @entity9956 ) is an antidepressant which is used to treat major @entity308 , but also other pathologies such as @entity9 or @entity71 . Tricyclic antidepressants such as @entity9956 may cause @entity2414 as a side effect. However, biological underpinnings of this effect still remain unclear. Here, we show that @entity9956 inhibited the astrocytic MAPK activation and thereby hindered synaptic potentiation. These effects correlated with a reduced neuronal activation in the stratum pyramidale, thereby prompting us to analyse a regulator of LTP located at the astrocyte-neuron interface in the stratum radiatum, namely the @entity40155 / @entity8115 signalling pathway. @entity9956 enhanced @entity8115 clustering, which favoured an increased @entity40155 -mediated @entity8115 phosphorylation and elevated @entity8115 forward signalling. The co-administration of @entity9956 with the @entity7242 inhibitor @entity34749 , which blocks @entity8115 forward signalling, could partially reverse the LTP attenuation, further supporting the targeting of the @entity40155 / @entity8115 pathway by @entity9956 . Thus, our findings suggest a putative novel mechanism for @entity9956 to modulate LTP through the regulation of the @entity40155 / @entity8115 signalling pathway. A further exploration of the molecular and behavioral consequences of targeting @entity40155 / @entity8115 might help to improve the clinical use of @entity9956 .

title: @entity5829 targets astrocytes to attenuate synaptic plasticity via modulation of the @entity40155 / XXXX signalling.

answer: @entity8115 :: (2043,Gene) :: ['EphA4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Long-term potentiation (LTP), a major cellular correlate of memory storage, depends on activation of the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway, but the cell type-specific localization of activated MAPKs remains unknown. We found that in the @entity1399 field of the hippocampus, shortly after LTP induction, an increase in the number of MAPK-positive cells occurred specifically among astrocytes of the stratum radiatum, suggesting a putative role of astrocytes for LTP. @entity5829 ( @entity9956 ) is an antidepressant which is used to treat major @entity308 , but also other pathologies such as @entity9 or @entity71 . Tricyclic antidepressants such as @entity9956 may cause @entity2414 as a side effect. However, biological underpinnings of this effect still remain unclear. Here, we show that @entity9956 inhibited the astrocytic MAPK activation and thereby hindered synaptic potentiation. These effects correlated with a reduced neuronal activation in the stratum pyramidale, thereby prompting us to analyse a regulator of LTP located at the astrocyte-neuron interface in the stratum radiatum, namely the @entity40155 / @entity8115 signalling pathway. @entity9956 enhanced @entity8115 clustering, which favoured an increased @entity40155 -mediated @entity8115 phosphorylation and elevated @entity8115 forward signalling. The co-administration of @entity9956 with the @entity7242 inhibitor @entity34749 , which blocks @entity8115 forward signalling, could partially reverse the LTP attenuation, further supporting the targeting of the @entity40155 / @entity8115 pathway by @entity9956 . Thus, our findings suggest a putative novel mechanism for @entity9956 to modulate LTP through the regulation of the @entity40155 / @entity8115 signalling pathway. A further exploration of the molecular and behavioral consequences of targeting @entity40155 / @entity8115 might help to improve the clinical use of @entity9956 .

title: @entity5829 targets astrocytes to attenuate synaptic plasticity via modulation of the XXXX / @entity8115 signalling.

answer: @entity40155 :: (1944,Gene) :: ['ephrinA3']


abstract: Importance: @entity1168 has been associated with lower @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk in selected populations. There is a paucity of information available about heart rate (HR) less than 50 beats per minute (bpm) among middle-aged or older adults. Objective: To determine whether asymptomatic @entity1168 was associated with a lower cardiovascular risk profile, less subclinical @entity731 , and decreased incident @entity65 and mortality. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : This retrospective analysis includes 6733 @entity1 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 , which recruited @entity1 and @entity1 free of clinical @entity65 ages 45 to 84 years from 2000 to 2002 and followed them over 10 years for incident @entity65 events and mortality. The HR was measured by baseline electrocardiogram. The analysis was performed in June 2014. Main Outcomes and Measures: The association between HR categories with @entity65 events and all-cause mortality were examined using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders and mediators. Results: The 6733 @entity1 had a mean (SD) age of 62 (10.2) years; 47% were male. The mean (SD) HR was 63 (9.5) bpm among the 5831 @entity1 not taking an HR-modifying drug; 5.3% had an HR lower than 50 bpm. Preliminary results revealed significant interaction for HR categories according to use of HR-modifying drugs for mortality (P   =   .002); thus, all further analyses were stratified. An HR of less than 50 bpm was not associated with incident @entity65 in either subgroup ( @entity1 taking or not taking HR-modifying drugs). Among @entity1 not taking HR-modifying drugs, the fully adjusted mortality risk was not different for an HR less than 50 bpm (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.41-1.09]; P   =   .12) and increased among those with an HR greater than 80 bpm (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.08-2.05]; P   =   .01) (reference HR, 60-69 bpm). Among the 902 @entity1 taking HR-modifying drugs there was an elevated mortality risk associated with an HR less than 50 bpm (hazard ratio, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.39-4.20]; P   =   .002) and with an HR greater than 80 bpm (hazard ratio, 3.55 [95% CI, 1.65-7.65]; P   =   .001) (reference HR, 60-69 bpm). Conclusions and Relevance: In a contemporary, community-based cohort, @entity1168 was generally not associated with incident @entity65 or mortality except for a potential adverse association between @entity1168 among those taking HR-modifying drugs.

title: Association of Asymptomatic XXXX With Incident @entity65 and Mortality: The Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia', 'Bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['Bradycardia']


abstract: Importance: @entity1168 has been associated with lower @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk in selected populations. There is a paucity of information available about heart rate (HR) less than 50 beats per minute (bpm) among middle-aged or older adults. Objective: To determine whether asymptomatic @entity1168 was associated with a lower cardiovascular risk profile, less subclinical @entity731 , and decreased incident @entity65 and mortality. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : This retrospective analysis includes 6733 @entity1 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 , which recruited @entity1 and @entity1 free of clinical @entity65 ages 45 to 84 years from 2000 to 2002 and followed them over 10 years for incident @entity65 events and mortality. The HR was measured by baseline electrocardiogram. The analysis was performed in June 2014. Main Outcomes and Measures: The association between HR categories with @entity65 events and all-cause mortality were examined using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders and mediators. Results: The 6733 @entity1 had a mean (SD) age of 62 (10.2) years; 47% were male. The mean (SD) HR was 63 (9.5) bpm among the 5831 @entity1 not taking an HR-modifying drug; 5.3% had an HR lower than 50 bpm. Preliminary results revealed significant interaction for HR categories according to use of HR-modifying drugs for mortality (P   =   .002); thus, all further analyses were stratified. An HR of less than 50 bpm was not associated with incident @entity65 in either subgroup ( @entity1 taking or not taking HR-modifying drugs). Among @entity1 not taking HR-modifying drugs, the fully adjusted mortality risk was not different for an HR less than 50 bpm (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.41-1.09]; P   =   .12) and increased among those with an HR greater than 80 bpm (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.08-2.05]; P   =   .01) (reference HR, 60-69 bpm). Among the 902 @entity1 taking HR-modifying drugs there was an elevated mortality risk associated with an HR less than 50 bpm (hazard ratio, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.39-4.20]; P   =   .002) and with an HR greater than 80 bpm (hazard ratio, 3.55 [95% CI, 1.65-7.65]; P   =   .001) (reference HR, 60-69 bpm). Conclusions and Relevance: In a contemporary, community-based cohort, @entity1168 was generally not associated with incident @entity65 or mortality except for a potential adverse association between @entity1168 among those taking HR-modifying drugs.

title: Association of Asymptomatic @entity1168 With Incident XXXX and Mortality: The Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA).

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: Importance: @entity1168 has been associated with lower @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk in selected populations. There is a paucity of information available about heart rate (HR) less than 50 beats per minute (bpm) among middle-aged or older adults. Objective: To determine whether asymptomatic @entity1168 was associated with a lower cardiovascular risk profile, less subclinical @entity731 , and decreased incident @entity65 and mortality. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : This retrospective analysis includes 6733 @entity1 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 , which recruited @entity1 and @entity1 free of clinical @entity65 ages 45 to 84 years from 2000 to 2002 and followed them over 10 years for incident @entity65 events and mortality. The HR was measured by baseline electrocardiogram. The analysis was performed in June 2014. Main Outcomes and Measures: The association between HR categories with @entity65 events and all-cause mortality were examined using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for potential confounders and mediators. Results: The 6733 @entity1 had a mean (SD) age of 62 (10.2) years; 47% were male. The mean (SD) HR was 63 (9.5) bpm among the 5831 @entity1 not taking an HR-modifying drug; 5.3% had an HR lower than 50 bpm. Preliminary results revealed significant interaction for HR categories according to use of HR-modifying drugs for mortality (P   =   .002); thus, all further analyses were stratified. An HR of less than 50 bpm was not associated with incident @entity65 in either subgroup ( @entity1 taking or not taking HR-modifying drugs). Among @entity1 not taking HR-modifying drugs, the fully adjusted mortality risk was not different for an HR less than 50 bpm (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.41-1.09]; P   =   .12) and increased among those with an HR greater than 80 bpm (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.08-2.05]; P   =   .01) (reference HR, 60-69 bpm). Among the 902 @entity1 taking HR-modifying drugs there was an elevated mortality risk associated with an HR less than 50 bpm (hazard ratio, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.39-4.20]; P   =   .002) and with an HR greater than 80 bpm (hazard ratio, 3.55 [95% CI, 1.65-7.65]; P   =   .001) (reference HR, 60-69 bpm). Conclusions and Relevance: In a contemporary, community-based cohort, @entity1168 was generally not associated with incident @entity65 or mortality except for a potential adverse association between @entity1168 among those taking HR-modifying drugs.

title: Association of Asymptomatic @entity1168 With Incident @entity65 and Mortality: The Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX (MESA).

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Based on chromosome sequences, the @entity1 pathogen @entity12732 miyamotoi phylogenetically clusters with species that cause relapsing @entity221 . But atypically for relapsing @entity221 agents, B. miyamotoi is transmitted not by soft ticks but by hard ticks, which also are vectors of @entity3001 @entity12732 species. To further assess the relationships of B. miyamotoi to species that cause relapsing @entity221 , I investigated extrachromosomal sequences of a North American strain with specific attention on plasmid-borne @entity48372 and vlp genes, which are the underpinnings of antigenic variation during relapsing @entity221 . For a hybrid approach to achieve assemblies that spanned more than one of the paralogous @entity48372 and vlp genes, a database of short-reads from next-generation sequencing was supplemented with long-reads obtained with real-time DNA sequencing from single polymerase molecules. This yielded three contigs of 31, 16, and 11 kb, which each contained multiple and diverse sequences that were homologous to @entity48372 and vlp genes of the relapsing @entity221 agent @entity9893 . Two plasmid fragments had coding sequences for plasmid partition proteins that differed from each other from paralogous proteins for the megaplasmid and a small plasmid of B. miyamotoi. One of 4 @entity48372 genes, vsp1, was present at two loci, one of which was downstream of a candiate prokaryotic promoter. A limited RNA-seq analysis of a population growing in the blood of @entity19 indicated that of the 4 different @entity48372 genes vsp1 was the one that was expressed. The findings indicate that B. miyamotoi has at least four types of plasmids, two or more of which bear @entity48372 and vlp gene sequences that are as numerous and diverse as those of relapsing @entity221 @entity12732 . The database and insights from these findings provide a foundation for further investigations of the immune responses to this pathogen and of the capability of B. miyamotoi for antigenic variation.

title: Multiple and Diverse XXXX and vlp Sequences in @entity12732 miyamotoi, a Hard Tick-Borne Zoonotic Pathogen.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

answer: @entity48372 :: (13035(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['vsp']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Based on chromosome sequences, the @entity1 pathogen @entity12732 miyamotoi phylogenetically clusters with species that cause relapsing @entity221 . But atypically for relapsing @entity221 agents, B. miyamotoi is transmitted not by soft ticks but by hard ticks, which also are vectors of @entity3001 @entity12732 species. To further assess the relationships of B. miyamotoi to species that cause relapsing @entity221 , I investigated extrachromosomal sequences of a North American strain with specific attention on plasmid-borne @entity48372 and vlp genes, which are the underpinnings of antigenic variation during relapsing @entity221 . For a hybrid approach to achieve assemblies that spanned more than one of the paralogous @entity48372 and vlp genes, a database of short-reads from next-generation sequencing was supplemented with long-reads obtained with real-time DNA sequencing from single polymerase molecules. This yielded three contigs of 31, 16, and 11 kb, which each contained multiple and diverse sequences that were homologous to @entity48372 and vlp genes of the relapsing @entity221 agent @entity9893 . Two plasmid fragments had coding sequences for plasmid partition proteins that differed from each other from paralogous proteins for the megaplasmid and a small plasmid of B. miyamotoi. One of 4 @entity48372 genes, vsp1, was present at two loci, one of which was downstream of a candiate prokaryotic promoter. A limited RNA-seq analysis of a population growing in the blood of @entity19 indicated that of the 4 different @entity48372 genes vsp1 was the one that was expressed. The findings indicate that B. miyamotoi has at least four types of plasmids, two or more of which bear @entity48372 and vlp gene sequences that are as numerous and diverse as those of relapsing @entity221 @entity12732 . The database and insights from these findings provide a foundation for further investigations of the immune responses to this pathogen and of the capability of B. miyamotoi for antigenic variation.

title: Multiple and Diverse @entity48372 and vlp Sequences in XXXX miyamotoi, a Hard Tick-Borne Zoonotic Pathogen.

answer: @entity12732 :: (MESH:D001899,Disease) :: ['Borrelia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The cognitive characteristics of individuals with severe @entity146 (SCH) are not well understood and existing studies have largely focused on individuals with SCH and concurrent @entity148 . The present study was conducted to evaluate the frequency with which SCH co-occurs with LLD and to compare the cognitive characteristics of individuals with late life @entity308 and concurrent SCH (LLD+SCH) to that of LLD individuals without SCH (LLD). METHODS: @entity1 included 52 LLD individuals who received psychiatric and neuropsychological evaluations as part of a larger study. Cognitive performance on measures of memory, attention, language, information processing speed, and categorization/problem solving ability was evaluated for each @entity1 using standard neuropsychological measures. Measures of @entity308 and @entity148 symptom severity were also obtained. RESULTS: Seven (13%) of the 52 LLD @entity1 reported significant @entity146 . The two groups (LLD+SCH; LLD) did not differ with respect to demographic characteristics or severity of @entity308 or @entity148 . Individuals with LLD+SCH demonstrated significantly poorer performance on two measures of categorization/problem solving ability relative to individuals with @entity3491 . Clinically significant impairments on measures of categorization ability, information processing speed, and verbal memory were more common for SCH+LLD than LLD @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results suggest that @entity146 in LLD are associated with specific aspects of @entity409 characterized by categorization deficits and to a lesser extent information processing speed and verbal @entity2414 . Further study of cognitive functioning in older adults with LLD and SCH may clarify the underlying cognitive characteristics of the @entity751 .

title: Cognitive functioning in individuals with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['SCH behaviors', 'compulsive hoarding behaviors']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated LLD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['SCH syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['compulsive hoarding behaviors and late life depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity158 is a quite frequent complaint accompanying numerous pathologies. Among these pathological cases, @entity16 are retrieved with identified etiologies (chemotherapies, @entity6 , surgeries   ) and also more diffuse syndromes such as @entity239 . More broadly, @entity158 is one of the first consequences of most @entity74 . Despite its importance for the quality of life, current @entity158 management is limited to drugs that are either old or with a limited efficacy or that possess a bad risk benefit ratio. As no new pharmacological concept has led to new analgesics in the last decades, the discovery of new medications is needed, and to this aim, the identification of new druggable targets in @entity158 transmission is a first step. Therefore, studies of ion channels in @entity158 pathways are extremely active. This is particularly true with ion channels in peripheral sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia known how to express unique sets of these channels. Moreover, both spinal and supraspinal levels are clearly important in @entity158 modulation. Among these ion channels, we and others revealed the important role of low voltage-gated @entity460 channels in cellular excitability in different steps of the @entity158 pathways. These channels, by being activated nearby resting membrane potential, have biophysical characteristics suited to facilitate action potential generation and rhythmicity. In this review, we will present the current knowledge on the role of these channels in the perception and modulation of @entity158 .

title: T-type XXXX channels in neuropathic pain.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['numerous neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited diseases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The role of lone star ticks as vectors for @entity15798 ( @entity15798 ) remains poorly described. We compared the entomological inoculation rates (EIRs) for @entity16736 spp. for representative sites in Missouri and Kansas, states that frequently report @entity15798 each year. Host-seeking ticks were collected during 2006 and pooled tick homogenates analyzed by polymerase chain reaction to detect probable @entity16736 , with confirmation for multiple gene targets performed on individual ticks from pools that screened positive. Of 870 adult and nymphal lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), 0.46% contained DNA of @entity16736 . Interestingly, two of these positive ticks were concurrently infected by @entity23194 . More than 90% of lone star tick pools contained @entity23194 DNA. Of 169 @entity235 ticks that were analyzed, none were infected by @entity16736 . The entomological inoculation rate for spotted @entity221 group (SFG) rickettsiae within lone star ticks was an order of magnitude greater than that for @entity235 ticks. We conclude that lone star ticks may be epidemiologically significant vectors of @entity15798 and of spotted @entity221 group rickettsiae.

title: XXXX (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) in Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae) from Kansas.

entities_list: @entity16736 :: ('783', 'Species') :: ['Rickettsia rickettsii', 'Rickettsia', 'R. rickettsii']

entities_list: @entity15798 :: ('MESH:D012373', 'Disease') :: ['Rocky Mountain spotted fever', 'RMSF']

answer: @entity16736 :: (783,Species) :: ['Rickettsia rickettsii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to considerably high rates of reocclusion under standard thrombolytic therapy @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors have been combined with thrombolytics to improve therapeutic outcomes. Potential reasons for arterial reocclusion may be increased platelet activation, interaction of platelets with other cell types such as leukocytes and inadequate drug dosing due to lack of ideal platelet monitoring. We compared combination therapy regimens consisting of @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors and thrombolytics with respect to platelet inhibition and platelet-leukocyte interactions. METHODS AND RESULTS: From the GUSTO V trial (standard rPA vs. reduced dose rPA and abciximab) and the FASTER trial (standard TNK-tPA vs. reduced dose TNK-tPA and tirofiban) 15 @entity1 were monitored by platelet aggregometry, rapid platelet function assay (RPFA) and flow cytometry (FC). rPA alone (n = 5) caused initial @entity1423 . However, @entity1423 was significantly (p < 0.05) and sufficiently (>80%) inhibited by abciximab/rPA (n = 5) and tirofiban/TNK-tPA (n = 5). The platelet inhibitory effect of @entity6541 /TNK-tPA was more pronounced compared to abciximab/rPA with a significant difference after 2 h (p < 0.05). Tirofiban/TNK-tPA and abciximab/rPA caused decreases in platelet-leukocyte aggregates as well as in binding of specific antibodies to the platelet @entity4732 receptor and @entity8729 (p < 0.05, respect.). No differences among the treatment groups were seen with respect to antibody binding to @entity9536 and @entity11603 / @entity11603 . CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitors overcome the platelet activating effect of thrombolytics resulting in sufficient platelet inhibition. RPFA is a suitable monitoring tool to accurately assess platelet inhibition. Within the given combination treatment regimen tirofiban appears to be more effective compared to abciximab and to exert effects beyond the inhibition of @entity1427 /IIIa.

title: Effects of different thrombolytic treatment regimen with abciximab and tirofiban on XXXX and platelet-leukocyte interactions: a subgroup analysis from the GUSTO V and FASTER trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation', 'increases in platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity6541 :: ('CHEBI:9605', 'Chemical') :: ['tirofiban']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet aggregation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The epidemiology of @entity660 is changing. Our aim was to determine the change in indications, frequency, and type of operations being performed for primary @entity660 in the USA. Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, all @entity1 aged >= 18  years who underwent pancreatic operations for a primary pancreatic indication between 1998-2011 were identified. Age- and sex-adjusted rates per million adult population were calculated using the 2010 US population as reference. Changes in @entity1 characteristics and outcomes were analyzed. Of 151,454 operations, 82  % were resections and 64  % were performed for @entity5 (malignant 52  %, benign 12  %). Operative rates/million population increased from 41.36 in 1998 to 62.3 in 2011. Population rates increased significantly for distal pancreatectomy, but decreased significantly for drainage procedures (p   <   0.05). Additionally, operative rates increased significantly for @entity5 and cysts/ @entity9007 , but decreased significantly for acute @entity788 (p   <   0.05). During this period, mean age, and comorbidity burden for @entity1 undergoing pancreatic operations increased significantly, while their length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality decreased significantly (p trend <0.05). The number of pancreatic operations performed in the USA is increasing. Although being offered to older @entity1 with more comorbidities, surgeries are being performed with increasing safety and better outcomes.

title: Operative Trends for XXXX in the USA: Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1998-2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1 with @entity1282 due to @entity64 , in addition to compensatory strategies, exercises are used to help improve motor function. Biofeedback is used in neuromuscular training and is promising for swallowing training. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional value of game-based biofeedback in swallowing therapy for @entity1 with @entity1282 . DESIGN: A case-control study. SETTING: Academic tertiary hospital. @entity1 : Subjects with @entity1282 (n = 20) were individually matched to 2 separate groups, a game-based biofeedback group (n = 10) or a control group (n = 10), for age, gender, duration of @entity1282 , and @entity1282 grades. INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity1 underwent 1-hour sessions 3 times per week for a total of 16 treatment sessions. Each session included a 30-minute session of traditional swallow treatment and a 30-minute session of laryngeal elevation exercises. In the experimental group, laryngeal elevation exercises were combined with additional game-based biofeedback. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes assessed before and after interventions included hyoid bone displacement, Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) scores, and nasogastric (NG) tube removal rate. RESULTS: Intergroup analyses showed larger differences in hyoid bone displacement and FOIS scores (before and after treatment) in the experimental group than in the control group, with statistical significance (P = .007 and P = .014, respectively). Intergroup analyses showed that the hyoid bone displacement change and FOIS scores before and after treatment exhibited statistically significant improvement only in the experimental group (P = .002 and P = .004, respectively). In all, 8 of 10 @entity1 (80%) in the experimental group and 2 of 10 @entity1 (20%) in the control group discontinued NG tube insertion after therapy. Participation in  the experimental group was associated with an increased probability of tube removal (odds ratio = 6.00; 95% confidence interval = 1.08-33.27, P = .009). CONCLUSIONS: Laryngeal elevation training combined with game-based biofeedback augments the change in hyoid bone displacement and FOIS scores, and increases the NG tube removal rate in @entity1 with @entity1282 .

title: Swallowing Training Combined With Game-Based Biofeedback in  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['poststroke dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['Poststroke Dysphagia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clone and identify novel proteins binding to the death domain of the @entity3048 ( @entity3048 ). METHODS: The yeast two-hybrid system was used for this study. Automatic sequencing was carried out for DNA sequencing. The sequence homology and the functional domains were analyzed by BLAST and the ScanProsite Tool softwares, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitate method was used to confirm @entity1 @entity51758 ( @entity51758 ) binding specifically with DR4CD (the cytoplasmic domain of @entity3048 ) in HEK293T cells. RESULTS: Two positive clones, named as pADB1 and pADB2, were obtained. BLAST searching showed that the homology of the insert sequence of pADB1 with the mRNA of @entity51758 was 97%. The insert of pADB2 shared no homology with any known peptides in GeneBank. Co-immunoprecipitate analysis further confirmed that @entity51758 could bind to DR4CD in vivo specifically. CONCLUSIONS: @entity51758 may associate with DR4CD in vivo specifically. The functional studies of @entity51758 in signaling pathway mediated by @entity2205 ( @entity2205 ) are in active progress in our laboratory.

title: [The primary study on a novel protein binding to the death domain of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity51758 :: ('2358', 'Gene') :: ['FPRL1', 'formyl peptide receptor-like 1']

entities_list: @entity2205 :: ('8743', 'Gene') :: ['TRAIL', 'TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand']

answer: @entity3048 :: (8797,Gene) :: ['death receptor 4']


abstract: Recently, an update of the IDSA guidelines for the treatment of complicated @entity1320 has been published. No guideline can cater for all variations in ecology, antimicrobial resistance patterns, @entity1 characteristics and presentation, health care and reimbursement systems in many different countries. In the short time the IDSA guidelines have been available, a number of practical clinical issues have been raised by physicians regarding interpretation of the guidelines. The main debatable issues of the new IDSA guidelines are described as follows: The authors of the IDSA guidelines present recommendations for the following subgroups of "complicated" IAI: community-acquired @entity1320 of mild-to-moderate and high severity and health care-associated @entity1320 (no general treatment recommendations, only information about antimicrobial therapy of specific resistant bacterial isolates). From a clinical point of view, "complicated" IAI are better differentiated into primary, secondary (community-acquired and postoperative) and tertiary @entity298 . Those are the clinical presentations of IAI as seen in the emergency room, the general ward and on ICU. Future antibiotic treatment studies of IAI would be more clinically relevant if they included @entity1 in studies for the efficacy and safety of antibiotics for the treatment of the above mentioned forms of IAI, rather than conducting studies based on the vague term "complicated" @entity1320 . - The new IDSA guidelines for the treatment of resistant bacteria fail to mention many of new available drugs, although clinical data for the treatment of "complicated IAI" with new substances exist. Furthermore, treatment recommendations for cIAI caused by VRE are not included. This group of diseases comprises enough @entity1 (i.e. the entire group of postoperative and tertiary @entity298 , recurrent interventions in bile duct surgery or necrotizing @entity788 ) to provide specific recommendations for such antimicrobial treatment. - A panel of European colleagues from surgery, intensive care, clinical microbiology and @entity166 has developed recommendations based on the above mentioned clinical entities with the aim of providing clear therapeutic recommendations for specific clinical diagnoses. An individual @entity1 -centered approach for this very important group of diseases with a substantial morbidity and mortality is essential for optimal antimicrobial treatment.

title: Antimicrobial treatment of "complicated" XXXX and the new IDSA guidelines ? a commentary and an alternative European approach according to clinical definitions.

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal infections', 'intra-abdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal involvement is uncommon in diffuse large @entity1892 . Recent data suggest that it is an independent risk factor for central nervous system relapse. We reviewed the clinical features, risk of central nervous system involvement, and survival of @entity1 with diffuse large @entity1892 with involvement of the kidney at diagnosis. DESIGN AND METHODS: All @entity1 with diffuse large @entity1892 and renal involvement diagnosed from January 1, 1982 to December 31, 2008 at the British @entity5 Agency were retrospectively identified in the @entity5 Database. @entity1 were included if they were 16 years old or over, had advanced stage disease [stage III/IV, or stage I/II with B symptoms or bulky mass (>10 cm)] and were treated with curative intent. Central nervous system involvement was diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid cytology, radiology or clinically. RESULTS: We identified 55/2656 (2%) @entity1 with diffuse large @entity1892 and renal involvement at diagnosis. The male to female ratio was 2:1. The @entity1 ' median age was 58 years. Bilateral renal involvement was present in 24 (44%) and stage IV disease in 50 (91%). The International Prognostic Index score was 3, 4 or 5 in 52 (95%), the glomerular filtration rate was less than 30 mL/min/m   in 9 (16%) and elevated @entity880 dehydrogenase was recorded in 46 (84%). Twenty-five (46%) @entity1 received @entity3726 plus rituximab and 30 (54%) received @entity3726 -like regimens without rituximab. In total, 20 (36%) @entity1 had central nervous system involvement: four at the time of diagnosis and 16 at relapse. The median time to central nervous system relapse was 5.6 months (range, 1.2 months-4.6 years), and was not affected by the addition of rituximab (P=0.547). The 5-year overall and progression-free survival rates for the whole cohort were 29% and 25%, respectively. In @entity1 who received rituximab, there were trends towards improved 5-year overall survival (43% versus 18%, P=0.071) and progression-free survival (40% versus 13%, P=0.057). CONCLUSIONS: There is an exceptionally high incidence of central nervous system relapse in @entity1 with diffuse large @entity1892 at diagnosis. The addition of rituximab may improve overall survival in this poor-risk population, likely through improved control of @entity262 .

title: Diffuse large XXXX with involvement of the kidney: outcome and risk of central nervous system relapse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoid Cancer', 'Columbia Cancer']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma and kidney involvement', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']