abstract: Three hundred-eighty-eight @entity1 were selected from a total community and biracial (black-white) population for a special in-depth study related to serum lipoproteins and @entity1735 metabolism. Based on two previous serum lipoprotein determinations of high and/or low beta and pre-beta-lipoprotein @entity165 , they were stratified into four groups. A @entity413 tolerance test was performed for fasting, 30-minute, and one-hour @entity413 , insulin, free @entity1718 , @entity460 , and @entity1760 . Observations of height, weight, and triceps skinfold were also obtained on the @entity1 . @entity1 in the high beta-lipoprotein @entity165 groups tended to have higher @entity413 levels and were more @entity28 than the other groups, while @entity1 in the high pre-beta-lipoprotein @entity165 group tended to have high insulin levels following the @entity413 load. Fasting blood levels were not appreciably different in the various groups, but after the @entity413 load an unusually high insulin secretory response occurred in black @entity1 , especially black @entity1 . Black @entity1 also demonstrated somewhat lower blood @entity3363 than the other race-sex groups. The insulin/ @entity413 ratios were dramatically different in the black @entity1 , especially black @entity1 . These differences were particularly noted in the groups with the high pre-beta-lipoprotein. Black @entity1 also tended to have higher insulin/free @entity844 ratios during the @entity413 tolerance test. These differences persisted even after adjusting for @entity28 . Although not significant, @entity460 levels consistently decreased in all groups following a @entity413 load. The observation of racial contrasts in @entity413 and insulin responses are interesting. While black @entity1 appear to show low @entity413 and high insulin responses to a @entity413 load, low and delayed insulin response along with high @entity413 response occur in whites, especially white @entity1 . Since white @entity1 have greater body fat content, these observations suggest more insulin resistance in white @entity1 . Even at low levels of @entity28 , subtle @entity1735 lipid metabolic aberrations are found in @entity1 having high levels of serum lipoproteins. A persistence of these conditions could contribute to accelerated @entity731 and subsequent @entity453 .

title: Relationship of XXXX intolerance to serum lipoprotein profiles in childhood. The Bogalusa Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To introduce a dual-contrast fast spin-echo (dcFSE) sequence for signal decay mapping of @entity296 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: After consultation with the Institutional Review Board, 22 acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) @entity1 were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5T 2 days after revascularization. @entity4 was evaluated in 16 @entity296 with an exponential fit for signal decay time (SDT) in dcFSE mapping and T2 signal intensity ratio for single-contrast FSE. Myocardial viability was evaluated in late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE). A control group of 10 volunteers was examined for @entity4 imaging. SDT was compared in segment groups: 1) with LGE in @entity583 , 2) penumbra, 3) remote from LGE, 4) controls. Groups 1/3 and 3/4 were tested on difference. Three phantoms providing similar T2 but different T1 relaxation times (low, intermediate, high) were examined with dcFSE and multicontrast spin echo sequence as a reference. RESULTS: The SDT/T2 ratio for segment groups was 1) 82msec/1.7 in segments with LGE; 2) 65msec/1.6 for penumbra, 3) 62msec/1.7 for remote segments, and 4) 50msec/1.6 in controls. In dcFSE group 1/3 (P < 0.0001) and in group 3/4 (P   =   0.0002) SDT was significantly different. In single-contrast FSE the T2 ratio was not significantly different for both tests: 1/3 P   =   0.1889; 3/4 P   =   0.8879. T2 -overestimation of dcFSE was 23% in low, 29% in intermediate, and 35% in highly T1 contaminated phantoms. CONCLUSION: dcFSE signal decay @entity4 mapping is feasible in volunteers and @entity1 . DcFSE SDT is superior to T2 ratio for detection of high-grade and diffuse @entity296 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Signal decay mapping of XXXX using dual-contrast fast spin-echo MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial segments', 'myocardial edema']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial edema']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity7011 and the associated @entity460 release-activated @entity460 (CRAC) channel were discovered in the immune system. Existence also in endothelial cells has been suggested, but the relevance to endothelial biology is mostly unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of @entity7011 and CRAC channels to @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and endothelial tube formation. METHODS AND RESULTS: In @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells, @entity7011 disruption by short-interfering RNA or dominant-negative mutant @entity7011 inhibited @entity460 release-activated (store-operated) @entity460 entry, @entity7 -evoked @entity460 entry, cell migration, and in vitro tube formation. Expression of exogenous wild-type @entity7011 rescued the tube formation. @entity7 receptor-2 and @entity7011 partially colocalized. @entity7011 disruption also inhibited @entity460 entry and tube formation in endothelial progenitor cells from @entity1 blood. A known blocker of the immune cell CRAC channel ( @entity59119 (2',5'-dimethoxybiphenyl-4-yl)amide) was a strong blocker of store-operated @entity460 entry in endothelial cells and inhibited @entity460 entry evoked by @entity7 in 3 types of @entity1 endothelial cell. The compound lacked effect on @entity7 -evoked @entity460 -release, @entity7010 clustering, and 2 types of transient receptor potential channels, @entity18811 and @entity23128 . Without effect on cell viability, the compound inhibited @entity1 endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro and suppressed angiogenesis in vivo in the @entity1573 chorioallantoic membrane. The compound showed 100-fold greater potency for endothelial compared with immune cell @entity460 entry. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest positive roles for @entity7011 and CRAC channels in @entity7 -evoked @entity460 entry and new opportunity for chemical modulation of angiogenesis.

title: @entity7011 and CRAC channel dependence of XXXX -activated Ca2+ entry and endothelial tube formation.

entities_list: @entity59119 :: ('MESH:C576491', 'Chemical') :: ['3-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity7011 and the associated @entity460 release-activated @entity460 (CRAC) channel were discovered in the immune system. Existence also in endothelial cells has been suggested, but the relevance to endothelial biology is mostly unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of @entity7011 and CRAC channels to @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and endothelial tube formation. METHODS AND RESULTS: In @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells, @entity7011 disruption by short-interfering RNA or dominant-negative mutant @entity7011 inhibited @entity460 release-activated (store-operated) @entity460 entry, @entity7 -evoked @entity460 entry, cell migration, and in vitro tube formation. Expression of exogenous wild-type @entity7011 rescued the tube formation. @entity7 receptor-2 and @entity7011 partially colocalized. @entity7011 disruption also inhibited @entity460 entry and tube formation in endothelial progenitor cells from @entity1 blood. A known blocker of the immune cell CRAC channel ( @entity59119 (2',5'-dimethoxybiphenyl-4-yl)amide) was a strong blocker of store-operated @entity460 entry in endothelial cells and inhibited @entity460 entry evoked by @entity7 in 3 types of @entity1 endothelial cell. The compound lacked effect on @entity7 -evoked @entity460 -release, @entity7010 clustering, and 2 types of transient receptor potential channels, @entity18811 and @entity23128 . Without effect on cell viability, the compound inhibited @entity1 endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro and suppressed angiogenesis in vivo in the @entity1573 chorioallantoic membrane. The compound showed 100-fold greater potency for endothelial compared with immune cell @entity460 entry. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest positive roles for @entity7011 and CRAC channels in @entity7 -evoked @entity460 entry and new opportunity for chemical modulation of angiogenesis.

title: XXXX and CRAC channel dependence of @entity7 -activated Ca2+ entry and endothelial tube formation.

answer: @entity7011 :: (84876,Gene) :: ['Orai1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Controversy exists regarding the optimal strategy to minimize recurrent @entity548 after successful endoscopic hemostasis. Our objective was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of competing strategies for the posthemostasis management of @entity1 with high risk ulcer stigmata. METHODS: Through decision analysis, we calculated the cost-effectiveness of four strategies: 1) follow @entity1 clinically after hemostasis and repeat endoscopy only in @entity1 with evidence of rebleeding (usual care); 2) administer intravenous proton pump inhibitors (i.v. PPIs) after hemostasis and repeat endoscopy only in @entity1 with clinical signs of rebleeding; 3) perform second look endoscopy at 24 h in all @entity1 with successful endoscopic hemostasis; and 4) perform selective second look endoscopy at 24 h only in @entity1 at high risk for rebleeding as identified by the prospectively validated Baylor Bleeding Score. Probability estimates were derived from a systematic review of the medical literature. Cost estimates were based on Medicare reimbursement. Effectiveness was defined as the proportion of @entity1 with rebleeding, surgery, or @entity204 prevented. RESULTS: The selective second look endoscopy strategy was the most effective and least expensive of the four competing strategies, and therefore dominated the analysis. The i.v. PPI strategy required 50% fewer endoscopies than the competing strategies, and became the dominant strategy when the rebleed rate with i.v. PPIs fell below 9% and when the cost of i.v. PPIs fell below 10 dollars/day. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the usual practice of "watchful waiting," performing selective second look endoscopy in high risk @entity1 may prevent more cases of rebleeding, surgery, or @entity204 at a lower overall cost. However, i.v. PPIs are likely to reduce the need for second look endoscopy and may be preferred overall if the rebleed rate and cost of i.v. PPIs remains low.

title: Minimizing recurrent peptic XXXX after endoscopic hemostasis: the cost-effectiveness of competing strategies.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['ulcer hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study the effect Achyrnnthes nspern, 0.2% aqueous @entity5164 and Punicn grnnntum oral rinse on salivary @entity6586 mutnns count in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 @entity1 of 8 to 12 years of age were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group A was given 0.2% @entity1216 mouthwash, group B was given 10% A. nspern mouthwash and group C was given 15% P. grnnntum mouthwash. The day 1 saliva samples were collected from the subjects and innoculated onto mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar. The colony counts were obtained by a clinical microbiologist who was blinded to the subject allocation. Plaque scores were then recorded by the investigator with the help of a volunteer. Following this, they received a thorough scaling and polishing. Subjects in each group were then provided with 140 ml of the respective mouthwash, as a daily supervised rinse after breakfast and before sleeping as per instructions. Following mouth rinsing, the @entity1 were instructed not to eat or drink for 15 minutes. At the 7th day, unstimulated saliva was again collected from the subjects of all 3 groups, inoculated onto MSB agar and colony count was obtained. Modified Quigley-Hein plaque index was also evaluated for the refreshed score at this stage. Colony counting was done using loop method and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 21. RESULTS: All the three mouthwashes showed statistically significant reduction of S. mutnns count and plaque index after 7 days, i.e. @entity1216 (p < 0.001 for reduction in S. mutnns count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction), A. nspern (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutnns count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction) and P. grnnntum (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutnns count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction). @entity1216 had marginally better results in reducing S. mutnns count. Conclusion     Efficacy of @entity1216 , A. nspern and P. grnnntum was statistically significant with respect to reduction of S. mutnns count with @entity1216 being marginally better than the other two,     All the three mouthwashes were found to be at par when plaque index values from baseline and after interception of 7 days was calculated,     Punicn grnnntum has better antimicrobial effect than A. nspern.

title: Effect of Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% Aqueous XXXX and Punica granatum Oral Rinse on the Levels of Salivary @entity6586 in 8 to 12 Years Old @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine', 'Chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

answer: @entity5164 :: (MESH:C010882,Chemical) :: ['Chlorhexidine Gluconate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study the effect Achyrnnthes nspern, 0.2% aqueous @entity5164 and Punicn grnnntum oral rinse on salivary @entity6586 mutnns count in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 @entity1 of 8 to 12 years of age were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group A was given 0.2% @entity1216 mouthwash, group B was given 10% A. nspern mouthwash and group C was given 15% P. grnnntum mouthwash. The day 1 saliva samples were collected from the subjects and innoculated onto mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar. The colony counts were obtained by a clinical microbiologist who was blinded to the subject allocation. Plaque scores were then recorded by the investigator with the help of a volunteer. Following this, they received a thorough scaling and polishing. Subjects in each group were then provided with 140 ml of the respective mouthwash, as a daily supervised rinse after breakfast and before sleeping as per instructions. Following mouth rinsing, the @entity1 were instructed not to eat or drink for 15 minutes. At the 7th day, unstimulated saliva was again collected from the subjects of all 3 groups, inoculated onto MSB agar and colony count was obtained. Modified Quigley-Hein plaque index was also evaluated for the refreshed score at this stage. Colony counting was done using loop method and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 21. RESULTS: All the three mouthwashes showed statistically significant reduction of S. mutnns count and plaque index after 7 days, i.e. @entity1216 (p < 0.001 for reduction in S. mutnns count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction), A. nspern (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutnns count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction) and P. grnnntum (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutnns count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction). @entity1216 had marginally better results in reducing S. mutnns count. Conclusion     Efficacy of @entity1216 , A. nspern and P. grnnntum was statistically significant with respect to reduction of S. mutnns count with @entity1216 being marginally better than the other two,     All the three mouthwashes were found to be at par when plaque index values from baseline and after interception of 7 days was calculated,     Punicn grnnntum has better antimicrobial effect than A. nspern.

title: Effect of Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% Aqueous @entity5164 and Punica granatum Oral Rinse on the Levels of Salivary XXXX in 8 to 12 Years Old @entity1 .

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To study the effect Achyrnnthes nspern, 0.2% aqueous @entity5164 and Punicn grnnntum oral rinse on salivary @entity6586 mutnns count in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 @entity1 of 8 to 12 years of age were randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group A was given 0.2% @entity1216 mouthwash, group B was given 10% A. nspern mouthwash and group C was given 15% P. grnnntum mouthwash. The day 1 saliva samples were collected from the subjects and innoculated onto mitis salivarius bacitracin (MSB) agar. The colony counts were obtained by a clinical microbiologist who was blinded to the subject allocation. Plaque scores were then recorded by the investigator with the help of a volunteer. Following this, they received a thorough scaling and polishing. Subjects in each group were then provided with 140 ml of the respective mouthwash, as a daily supervised rinse after breakfast and before sleeping as per instructions. Following mouth rinsing, the @entity1 were instructed not to eat or drink for 15 minutes. At the 7th day, unstimulated saliva was again collected from the subjects of all 3 groups, inoculated onto MSB agar and colony count was obtained. Modified Quigley-Hein plaque index was also evaluated for the refreshed score at this stage. Colony counting was done using loop method and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 21. RESULTS: All the three mouthwashes showed statistically significant reduction of S. mutnns count and plaque index after 7 days, i.e. @entity1216 (p < 0.001 for reduction in S. mutnns count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction), A. nspern (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutnns count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction) and P. grnnntum (p < 0.01 for reduction in S. mutnns count and p < 0.05 for plaque score reduction). @entity1216 had marginally better results in reducing S. mutnns count. Conclusion     Efficacy of @entity1216 , A. nspern and P. grnnntum was statistically significant with respect to reduction of S. mutnns count with @entity1216 being marginally better than the other two,     All the three mouthwashes were found to be at par when plaque index values from baseline and after interception of 7 days was calculated,     Punicn grnnntum has better antimicrobial effect than A. nspern.

title: Effect of Achyranthes aspera, 0.2% Aqueous @entity5164 and Punica granatum Oral Rinse on the Levels of Salivary @entity6586 in 8 to 12 Years Old XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: We studied @entity12931 (Q), Q homologue ratio, and steady-state levels of mCOQ transcripts in tissues from @entity19 fed ad libitum or under calorie restriction. Maximum @entity12931 levels on a protein basis were found in kidney and heart, followed by liver, brain, and skeletal muscle. Liver and skeletal muscle showed the highest Q(9)/Q(10) ratios with significant interindividual variability. Heart, kidney, and particularly brain exhibited lower Q(9)/Q(10) ratios and interindividual variability. In skeletal muscle and heart, the most abundant mCOQ transcript was @entity51171 , followed by mCOQ8, @entity72674 , @entity72675 , @entity70448 , and @entity72676 . In nonmuscular tissues (liver, kidney, and brain) the most abundant mCOQ transcript was @entity72674 , followed by @entity51171 , mCOQ8, @entity70448 , @entity72675 , and @entity72676 . Calorie restriction increased both @entity12931 homologues and @entity72675 mRNA in skeletal muscle, but @entity51171 was decreased. In contrast, Q(9) and most mCOQ transcripts were decreased in heart. Calorie restriction also modified the Q(9)/Q(10) ratio, which was increased in kidney and decreased in heart without alterations in @entity70448 or @entity72675 transcripts. We demonstrate for the first time that unique patterns of mCOQ transcripts exist in muscular and nonmuscular tissues and that Q and COQ genes are targets of calorie restriction in a tissue-specific way.

title: Calorie restriction modifies XXXX and COQ transcript levels in @entity19 tissues.

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

answer: @entity12931 :: (MESH:D014451,Chemical) :: ['ubiquinone']


abstract: We studied @entity12931 (Q), Q homologue ratio, and steady-state levels of mCOQ transcripts in tissues from @entity19 fed ad libitum or under calorie restriction. Maximum @entity12931 levels on a protein basis were found in kidney and heart, followed by liver, brain, and skeletal muscle. Liver and skeletal muscle showed the highest Q(9)/Q(10) ratios with significant interindividual variability. Heart, kidney, and particularly brain exhibited lower Q(9)/Q(10) ratios and interindividual variability. In skeletal muscle and heart, the most abundant mCOQ transcript was @entity51171 , followed by mCOQ8, @entity72674 , @entity72675 , @entity70448 , and @entity72676 . In nonmuscular tissues (liver, kidney, and brain) the most abundant mCOQ transcript was @entity72674 , followed by @entity51171 , mCOQ8, @entity70448 , @entity72675 , and @entity72676 . Calorie restriction increased both @entity12931 homologues and @entity72675 mRNA in skeletal muscle, but @entity51171 was decreased. In contrast, Q(9) and most mCOQ transcripts were decreased in heart. Calorie restriction also modified the Q(9)/Q(10) ratio, which was increased in kidney and decreased in heart without alterations in @entity70448 or @entity72675 transcripts. We demonstrate for the first time that unique patterns of mCOQ transcripts exist in muscular and nonmuscular tissues and that Q and COQ genes are targets of calorie restriction in a tissue-specific way.

title: Calorie restriction modifies @entity12931 and COQ transcript levels in XXXX tissues.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We combined anchor- and distribution-based methods to establish @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) for six @entity1 -Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)- @entity5 scales in advanced-stage @entity5 @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: @entity1 completed 6 PROMIS- @entity5 scales and 23 anchor measures at an initial (n=101) assessment and a follow-up (n=88) assessment 6-12 weeks later. Three a priori criteria were used to identify usable cross-sectional and longitudinal anchor-based MID estimates. The mean standard error of measurement was also computed for each scale. The focus of the analysis was on item response theory-based @entity1987 estimated on a T-score scale. Raw score @entity1987 were estimated for comparison purposes. RESULTS: Many cross-sectional (64%) and longitudinal (73%) T-score anchor-based MID estimates were excluded because they did not  meet a priori criteria. The following are the recommended T-score MID ranges: 17-item Fatigue (2.5-4.5), 7-item Fatigue (3.0-5.0), 10-item @entity158 Interference (4.0-6.0), 10-item Physical Functioning (4.0-6.0), 9-item Emotional Distress- @entity148 (3.0-4.5), and 10-item Emotional Distress- @entity308 (3.0-4.5). Effect sizes corresponding to these @entity1987 averaged between 0.40 and 0.63. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to address @entity1987 for PROMIS measures. Studies are currently being conducted to confirm these @entity1987 in other @entity1 populations and to determine whether these @entity1987 vary by @entity1 ' level of functioning.

title: Minimally important differences were estimated for six @entity1 -Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System- XXXX scales in advanced-stage @entity5 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['MIDs', 'minimally important differences']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We combined anchor- and distribution-based methods to establish @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) for six @entity1 -Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)- @entity5 scales in advanced-stage @entity5 @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: @entity1 completed 6 PROMIS- @entity5 scales and 23 anchor measures at an initial (n=101) assessment and a follow-up (n=88) assessment 6-12 weeks later. Three a priori criteria were used to identify usable cross-sectional and longitudinal anchor-based MID estimates. The mean standard error of measurement was also computed for each scale. The focus of the analysis was on item response theory-based @entity1987 estimated on a T-score scale. Raw score @entity1987 were estimated for comparison purposes. RESULTS: Many cross-sectional (64%) and longitudinal (73%) T-score anchor-based MID estimates were excluded because they did not  meet a priori criteria. The following are the recommended T-score MID ranges: 17-item Fatigue (2.5-4.5), 7-item Fatigue (3.0-5.0), 10-item @entity158 Interference (4.0-6.0), 10-item Physical Functioning (4.0-6.0), 9-item Emotional Distress- @entity148 (3.0-4.5), and 10-item Emotional Distress- @entity308 (3.0-4.5). Effect sizes corresponding to these @entity1987 averaged between 0.40 and 0.63. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to address @entity1987 for PROMIS measures. Studies are currently being conducted to confirm these @entity1987 in other @entity1 populations and to determine whether these @entity1987 vary by @entity1 ' level of functioning.

title: Minimally important differences were estimated for six @entity1 -Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System- @entity5 scales in advanced-stage XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We combined anchor- and distribution-based methods to establish @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) for six @entity1 -Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)- @entity5 scales in advanced-stage @entity5 @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: @entity1 completed 6 PROMIS- @entity5 scales and 23 anchor measures at an initial (n=101) assessment and a follow-up (n=88) assessment 6-12 weeks later. Three a priori criteria were used to identify usable cross-sectional and longitudinal anchor-based MID estimates. The mean standard error of measurement was also computed for each scale. The focus of the analysis was on item response theory-based @entity1987 estimated on a T-score scale. Raw score @entity1987 were estimated for comparison purposes. RESULTS: Many cross-sectional (64%) and longitudinal (73%) T-score anchor-based MID estimates were excluded because they did not  meet a priori criteria. The following are the recommended T-score MID ranges: 17-item Fatigue (2.5-4.5), 7-item Fatigue (3.0-5.0), 10-item @entity158 Interference (4.0-6.0), 10-item Physical Functioning (4.0-6.0), 9-item Emotional Distress- @entity148 (3.0-4.5), and 10-item Emotional Distress- @entity308 (3.0-4.5). Effect sizes corresponding to these @entity1987 averaged between 0.40 and 0.63. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to address @entity1987 for PROMIS measures. Studies are currently being conducted to confirm these @entity1987 in other @entity1 populations and to determine whether these @entity1987 vary by @entity1 ' level of functioning.

title: Minimally important differences were estimated for six XXXX -Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System- @entity5 scales in advanced-stage @entity5 @entity1 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We combined anchor- and distribution-based methods to establish @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) for six @entity1 -Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)- @entity5 scales in advanced-stage @entity5 @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: @entity1 completed 6 PROMIS- @entity5 scales and 23 anchor measures at an initial (n=101) assessment and a follow-up (n=88) assessment 6-12 weeks later. Three a priori criteria were used to identify usable cross-sectional and longitudinal anchor-based MID estimates. The mean standard error of measurement was also computed for each scale. The focus of the analysis was on item response theory-based @entity1987 estimated on a T-score scale. Raw score @entity1987 were estimated for comparison purposes. RESULTS: Many cross-sectional (64%) and longitudinal (73%) T-score anchor-based MID estimates were excluded because they did not  meet a priori criteria. The following are the recommended T-score MID ranges: 17-item Fatigue (2.5-4.5), 7-item Fatigue (3.0-5.0), 10-item @entity158 Interference (4.0-6.0), 10-item Physical Functioning (4.0-6.0), 9-item Emotional Distress- @entity148 (3.0-4.5), and 10-item Emotional Distress- @entity308 (3.0-4.5). Effect sizes corresponding to these @entity1987 averaged between 0.40 and 0.63. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to address @entity1987 for PROMIS measures. Studies are currently being conducted to confirm these @entity1987 in other @entity1 populations and to determine whether these @entity1987 vary by @entity1 ' level of functioning.

title: Minimally important differences were estimated for six @entity1 -Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System- @entity5 scales in advanced-stage @entity5 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recruitment of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a potential tool to combat @entity28 and associated metabolic complications. Short-term cold acclimation has been shown to not only enhance BAT presence and activity in lean @entity1 , but also improve skeletal muscle metabolic profile to benefit @entity413 uptake in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Here, we examined whether short-term cold acclimation also induced such adaptations in ten metabolically healthy obese male subjects. A 10-day cold acclimation period resulted in increased cold-induced @entity413 uptake in BAT, as assessed by @entity419 -PET/CT scanning. BAT activity was negatively related to age, with a similar trend for body fat%. In addition, cold-induced @entity413 uptake in BAT was positively related to @entity413 uptake in visceral WAT, although @entity413 uptake in visceral and subcutaneous WAT depots was unchanged upon cold acclimation. Cold-induced skeletal muscle @entity413 uptake tended to increase upon cold acclimation, which was paralleled by increased basal @entity2368 localization in the sarcolemma, as assessed in muscle biopsies. Proximal skin temperature was increased and subjective responses to cold were slightly improved at the end of the acclimation period. These metabolic adaptations to prolonged mild cold exposure may lead to improved @entity413 metabolism or prevent development of @entity28 -associated insulin resistance and @entity4854 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NTR4319.

title: Short-term cold acclimation recruits brown adipose tissue in obese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity788 (NENs) are rare @entity5 , exhibiting several morphological, functional, and behavioral characteristics. However, only few reports have evaluated large case series of pancreatic NEN. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 100 consecutive @entity1 with pancreatic NEN diagnosed pathologically and treated at the National @entity5 Center Hospital between 1991 and 2010. RESULTS: The study included 48 males and 52 females (median age: 55 years). Fourteen @entity1 had clinical symptoms caused by excess hormone secretion at diagnosis. Twelve @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) G1, 54 with @entity5 G2, and 32 with @entity3270 ( @entity3270 ) as per the 2010 World Health Organization classification. Distant metastases were observed in 25%, 43%, and 84% of the @entity1 with @entity5 G1, @entity5 G2, and @entity3270 , respectively. Serum levels of @entity3508 and @entity880 dehydrogenase significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity3270 compared with those in @entity1 with @entity5 G1/G2. The 5-year survival rates of @entity1 with @entity5 G1, @entity5 G2, and @entity3270 were 91%, 69%, and 10%, respectively. Good performance status (PS), lower stage, and histopathological grade were identified as independent favorable prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5 G1/G2 treated with surgical resection had a good prognosis. Most @entity1 with @entity3270 exhibited distant metastases and had a poor prognosis. Staging classification and the WHO 2010 grading are important factors for selecting the appropriate treatment strategy and predicting prognosis for @entity1 with pancreatic NEN.

title: XXXX : A single-center 20-year experience with 100 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumor', 'NET', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'neuroendocrine carcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity788 (NENs) are rare @entity5 , exhibiting several morphological, functional, and behavioral characteristics. However, only few reports have evaluated large case series of pancreatic NEN. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 100 consecutive @entity1 with pancreatic NEN diagnosed pathologically and treated at the National @entity5 Center Hospital between 1991 and 2010. RESULTS: The study included 48 males and 52 females (median age: 55 years). Fourteen @entity1 had clinical symptoms caused by excess hormone secretion at diagnosis. Twelve @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) G1, 54 with @entity5 G2, and 32 with @entity3270 ( @entity3270 ) as per the 2010 World Health Organization classification. Distant metastases were observed in 25%, 43%, and 84% of the @entity1 with @entity5 G1, @entity5 G2, and @entity3270 , respectively. Serum levels of @entity3508 and @entity880 dehydrogenase significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity3270 compared with those in @entity1 with @entity5 G1/G2. The 5-year survival rates of @entity1 with @entity5 G1, @entity5 G2, and @entity3270 were 91%, 69%, and 10%, respectively. Good performance status (PS), lower stage, and histopathological grade were identified as independent favorable prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5 G1/G2 treated with surgical resection had a good prognosis. Most @entity1 with @entity3270 exhibited distant metastases and had a poor prognosis. Staging classification and the WHO 2010 grading are important factors for selecting the appropriate treatment strategy and predicting prognosis for @entity1 with pancreatic NEN.

title: @entity788 : A single-center 20-year experience with 100 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : A major complication in continuous, ambulatory @entity298 in @entity1 with @entity454 who are undergoing long-term @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is peritoneal @entity82 , which can result in peritoneal structural changes and functional ultrafiltration failure. @entity1 umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) in Wharton's jelly possess stem cell properties and are easily obtained and processed. This study focuses on the effects of HUMSCs on peritoneal @entity82 in in vitro and in vivo experiments. After 24-hour treatment with mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and @entity298 solution at a 1:3 ratio, primary @entity1 peritoneal mesothelial cells became susceptible to @entity298 -induced cell death. Such cytotoxic effects were prevented by coculturing with primary HUMSCs. In a @entity35 model, intraperitoneal injections of 20 mM @entity14625 ( @entity11999 ) in @entity298 solution for 3 weeks (the @entity298 / @entity11999 3W group) markedly induced @entity10879 formation, peritoneal thickening, and collagen accumulation. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated neoangiogenesis and significant increase in the numbers of ED-1- and a-smooth muscle actin ( @entity1970 )-positive cells in the thickened peritoneum in the @entity298 / @entity11999 3W group, suggesting that @entity298 / @entity11999 induced an inflammatory response. Furthermore, @entity298 / @entity11999 treatment for 3 weeks caused functional impairments in the peritoneal membrane. However, in comparison with the @entity298 / @entity11999 group, intraperitoneal administration of HUMSCs into the @entity35 significantly ameliorated the @entity298 / @entity11999 -induced @entity10879 formation, peritoneal @entity82 , @entity32 , neoangiogenesis, and ultrafiltration failure. After 3 weeks of transplantation, surviving HUMSCs were found in the peritoneum in the HUMSC-grafted @entity35 . Thus, xenografts of HUMSCs might provide a potential therapeutic strategy in the prevention of peritoneal @entity82 . SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrated that direct intraperitoneal transplantation of @entity1 umbilical mesenchymal stem cells into the @entity35 effectively prevented @entity298 / @entity14625 -induced @entity10879 formation, ultrafiltration failure, and peritoneal membrane alterations such as peritoneal thickening, @entity82 , and @entity32 . These findings provide a basis for a novel approach for therapeutic benefits in the treatment of encapsulating peritoneal @entity1463 .

title: The Therapeutic Potential of XXXX Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Wharton's Jelly in the Treatment of @entity35 Peritoneal Dialysis-Induced @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity10879 :: ('OMIM:613630', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal cocoon']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : A major complication in continuous, ambulatory @entity298 in @entity1 with @entity454 who are undergoing long-term @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is peritoneal @entity82 , which can result in peritoneal structural changes and functional ultrafiltration failure. @entity1 umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) in Wharton's jelly possess stem cell properties and are easily obtained and processed. This study focuses on the effects of HUMSCs on peritoneal @entity82 in in vitro and in vivo experiments. After 24-hour treatment with mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and @entity298 solution at a 1:3 ratio, primary @entity1 peritoneal mesothelial cells became susceptible to @entity298 -induced cell death. Such cytotoxic effects were prevented by coculturing with primary HUMSCs. In a @entity35 model, intraperitoneal injections of 20 mM @entity14625 ( @entity11999 ) in @entity298 solution for 3 weeks (the @entity298 / @entity11999 3W group) markedly induced @entity10879 formation, peritoneal thickening, and collagen accumulation. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated neoangiogenesis and significant increase in the numbers of ED-1- and a-smooth muscle actin ( @entity1970 )-positive cells in the thickened peritoneum in the @entity298 / @entity11999 3W group, suggesting that @entity298 / @entity11999 induced an inflammatory response. Furthermore, @entity298 / @entity11999 treatment for 3 weeks caused functional impairments in the peritoneal membrane. However, in comparison with the @entity298 / @entity11999 group, intraperitoneal administration of HUMSCs into the @entity35 significantly ameliorated the @entity298 / @entity11999 -induced @entity10879 formation, peritoneal @entity82 , @entity32 , neoangiogenesis, and ultrafiltration failure. After 3 weeks of transplantation, surviving HUMSCs were found in the peritoneum in the HUMSC-grafted @entity35 . Thus, xenografts of HUMSCs might provide a potential therapeutic strategy in the prevention of peritoneal @entity82 . SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrated that direct intraperitoneal transplantation of @entity1 umbilical mesenchymal stem cells into the @entity35 effectively prevented @entity298 / @entity14625 -induced @entity10879 formation, ultrafiltration failure, and peritoneal membrane alterations such as peritoneal thickening, @entity82 , and @entity32 . These findings provide a basis for a novel approach for therapeutic benefits in the treatment of encapsulating peritoneal @entity1463 .

title: The Therapeutic Potential of @entity1 Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Wharton's Jelly in the Treatment of @entity35 Peritoneal Dialysis-Induced XXXX .

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['Fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : A major complication in continuous, ambulatory @entity298 in @entity1 with @entity454 who are undergoing long-term @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is peritoneal @entity82 , which can result in peritoneal structural changes and functional ultrafiltration failure. @entity1 umbilical mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) in Wharton's jelly possess stem cell properties and are easily obtained and processed. This study focuses on the effects of HUMSCs on peritoneal @entity82 in in vitro and in vivo experiments. After 24-hour treatment with mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and @entity298 solution at a 1:3 ratio, primary @entity1 peritoneal mesothelial cells became susceptible to @entity298 -induced cell death. Such cytotoxic effects were prevented by coculturing with primary HUMSCs. In a @entity35 model, intraperitoneal injections of 20 mM @entity14625 ( @entity11999 ) in @entity298 solution for 3 weeks (the @entity298 / @entity11999 3W group) markedly induced @entity10879 formation, peritoneal thickening, and collagen accumulation. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated neoangiogenesis and significant increase in the numbers of ED-1- and a-smooth muscle actin ( @entity1970 )-positive cells in the thickened peritoneum in the @entity298 / @entity11999 3W group, suggesting that @entity298 / @entity11999 induced an inflammatory response. Furthermore, @entity298 / @entity11999 treatment for 3 weeks caused functional impairments in the peritoneal membrane. However, in comparison with the @entity298 / @entity11999 group, intraperitoneal administration of HUMSCs into the @entity35 significantly ameliorated the @entity298 / @entity11999 -induced @entity10879 formation, peritoneal @entity82 , @entity32 , neoangiogenesis, and ultrafiltration failure. After 3 weeks of transplantation, surviving HUMSCs were found in the peritoneum in the HUMSC-grafted @entity35 . Thus, xenografts of HUMSCs might provide a potential therapeutic strategy in the prevention of peritoneal @entity82 . SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrated that direct intraperitoneal transplantation of @entity1 umbilical mesenchymal stem cells into the @entity35 effectively prevented @entity298 / @entity14625 -induced @entity10879 formation, ultrafiltration failure, and peritoneal membrane alterations such as peritoneal thickening, @entity82 , and @entity32 . These findings provide a basis for a novel approach for therapeutic benefits in the treatment of encapsulating peritoneal @entity1463 .

title: The Therapeutic Potential of @entity1 Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Wharton's Jelly in the Treatment of XXXX Peritoneal Dialysis-Induced @entity82 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Using nationwide @entity5 incidence data, we examined whether the strength of the association of cigarette smoking with @entity2 risk differs according to major histological type and gender, taking account of other risk factors in the Korean population. METHODS: The study population derived from government employees and teachers aged 20  years and over who participated in a national health examination program in 1998 or 1999. Total study subjects were 1,357,447. After excluding 1556 subjects who were treated with @entity2 during 1998-2000, we restricted our analysis to 1,355,891 cases. We followed up those 1,355,891 subjects who were @entity5 -free at baseline until December 31, 2010. The incident @entity5 cases were identified from the Korea Central Cancer Registry, which is a nationwide hospital-based @entity5 registry system that includes 94  % of the university hospitals and 96  % of the resident training hospitals of the country. RESULTS: A higher risk for having ever smoked was observed for squamous-cell and small-cell @entity189 in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Heavy and long-term smokers were at higher risk for these @entity189 . Significant associations with quantity and duration-related factors were observed mainly among @entity1 . These findings indicate that smoking is closely related to the risk of squamous-cell and small-cell @entity189 among @entity1 as well as @entity1 . However, the magnitude of smoking-related @entity2 risk is likely to differ between @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The hazard ratios for all types of @entity2 were significantly higher in male current smokers than in male never smokers. In case of @entity1 , the hazard ratios for @entity420 were not different between current smokers and never smokers. The hazard ratios we found, however, were lower than those reported in Western countries and in Korea, but consistent with those reported in North-eastern Asian countries.

title: Hazard Ratio of Smoking on XXXX in Korea According to Histological Type and Gender.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sea level rise will change inundation regimes in salt marshes, altering redox dynamics that control nitrification-a potential source of the potent greenhouse gas, @entity3810 ( @entity3727 )-and denitrification, a major @entity1568 (N) loss pathway in coastal ecosystems and both a source and sink of @entity3727 . Measurements of net @entity3727 fluxes alone yield little insight into the different effects of redox conditions on @entity3727 production and consumption. We used in situ measurements of gross @entity3727 fluxes across a salt marsh elevation gradient to determine how soil @entity3727 emissions in coastal ecosystems may respond to future sea level rise. Soil redox declined as marsh elevation decreased, with lower soil @entity1507 and higher ferrous @entity68 in the low marsh compared to the mid and high marshes (p < 0.001 for both). In addition, soil @entity26 concentrations were lower in the low and mid marshes relative to the high marsh (p < 0.001). Net @entity3727 fluxes differed significantly among marsh zones (p = 0.009), averaging 9.8    5.4  g N m(-2) h(-1) , -2.2    0.9  g N m(-2) h(-1) , and 0.67    0.57  g N m(-2) h(-1) in the low, mid, and high marshes, respectively. Both net @entity3727 release and uptake were observed in the low and high marshes, but the mid marsh was consistently a net @entity3727 sink. Gross @entity3727 production was highest in the low marsh and lowest in the mid marsh (p = 0.02), whereas gross @entity3727 consumption did not differ among marsh zones. Thus, variability in gross @entity3727 production rates drove the differences in net @entity3727 flux among marsh zones. Our results suggest that future studies should focus on elucidating controls on the processes producing, rather than consuming, @entity3727 in salt marshes to improve our predictions of changes in net @entity3727 fluxes caused by future sea level rise. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Gross XXXX production drives net @entity3810 fluxes across a salt marsh landscape.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sea level rise will change inundation regimes in salt marshes, altering redox dynamics that control nitrification-a potential source of the potent greenhouse gas, @entity3810 ( @entity3727 )-and denitrification, a major @entity1568 (N) loss pathway in coastal ecosystems and both a source and sink of @entity3727 . Measurements of net @entity3727 fluxes alone yield little insight into the different effects of redox conditions on @entity3727 production and consumption. We used in situ measurements of gross @entity3727 fluxes across a salt marsh elevation gradient to determine how soil @entity3727 emissions in coastal ecosystems may respond to future sea level rise. Soil redox declined as marsh elevation decreased, with lower soil @entity1507 and higher ferrous @entity68 in the low marsh compared to the mid and high marshes (p < 0.001 for both). In addition, soil @entity26 concentrations were lower in the low and mid marshes relative to the high marsh (p < 0.001). Net @entity3727 fluxes differed significantly among marsh zones (p = 0.009), averaging 9.8    5.4  g N m(-2) h(-1) , -2.2    0.9  g N m(-2) h(-1) , and 0.67    0.57  g N m(-2) h(-1) in the low, mid, and high marshes, respectively. Both net @entity3727 release and uptake were observed in the low and high marshes, but the mid marsh was consistently a net @entity3727 sink. Gross @entity3727 production was highest in the low marsh and lowest in the mid marsh (p = 0.02), whereas gross @entity3727 consumption did not differ among marsh zones. Thus, variability in gross @entity3727 production rates drove the differences in net @entity3727 flux among marsh zones. Our results suggest that future studies should focus on elucidating controls on the processes producing, rather than consuming, @entity3727 in salt marshes to improve our predictions of changes in net @entity3727 fluxes caused by future sea level rise. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Gross @entity3810 production drives net XXXX fluxes across a salt marsh landscape.

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Physical activity interventions have been shown to improve the health of @entity1 with @entity161 , yet treatment dropout poses an important challenge in this population, and rates vary substantially across studies. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and predictors of treatment dropout in physical activity interventions in @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: We systematically searched major electronic databases from inception until August 2015. Randomized controlled trials of physical activity interventions in @entity1 with @entity161 reporting dropout rates were included. Two independent authors conducted searches and extracted data. Random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: In 19 studies, 594 @entity1 with @entity161 assigned to exercise interventions were investigated (age=37.2 years, 67.5% male, range=37.5%-100%). Trim and fill adjusted treatment dropout rate was 26.7% [95% confidence interval (CI)=19.7%-35.0%], which is more than double than in nonactive control interventions (odds ratio=2.15, 95% CI=1.29-3.58, P=.003). In the multivariate regression, qualification of the professional delivering the intervention (b=-1.06, 95% CI=-1.77 to -0.35, P=.003) moderated treatment dropout rates, while continuous supervision of physical activity approached statistical significance (P=.05). CONCLUSIONS: Qualified professionals (e.g., physical therapists/exercise physiologists) should prescribe supervised physical activity for @entity1 with @entity161 to enhance adherence, improve @entity146 symptoms and reduce the onset and burden of @entity65 .

title: Prevalence and predictors of treatment dropout from physical activity interventions in XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The interaction between @entity35 serosal mast cells and low density lipoproteins (LDL) was studied in vitro. When @entity35 125I-LDL was incubated with mast cells, it was bound to a binding site on the mast cell surface but was not internalized by the cells. Even though 125I-LDL was not internalized, its protein component, @entity8151 , was rapidly degraded. The proteolytic activity responsible for the degradation of @entity8151 was present in the extracellular fluid of mast cells. It could be shown that the degradation was caused entirely by specific cell organelles of mast cells, the granules, which were spontaneously released into the extracellular fluid during preparation and incubation of the cells. In contrast to uncontrolled spontaneous degranulation, a controlled specific degranulation of mast cells can be induced by treating the cells with the compound 48/80. When increasing amounts of 48/80 were added to mast cell suspensions, a dose-dependent release of granules was observed and an increase in the rate of 125I-LDL degradation resulted. The increase in 125I-LDL degradation closely followed the increase in granule release. Thus, a quantitative relationship between the amount of granules present in the extracellular fluid and the amount of degradation of 125I-LDL could be established. The apolipoprotein part of LDL was extensively degraded by isolated mast cell granules. Analysis by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis showed that upon incubation of LDL with isolated granules, the @entity8151 band rapidly disappeared with simultaneous appearance of several low molecular weight bands. The degradation of 125I-LDL by mast cell granules proceeded optimally at neutral pH and at physiological ionic strength. The results show that mast cell granules are able to efficiently degrade LDL in vitro, once released from mast cells into the extracellular fluid.

title: Low density lipoprotein degradation by XXXX mast cells. Demonstration of extracellular proteolysis caused by mast cell granules.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PROBLEM: The need to develop a @entity1 pathway for emergency admissions who have a previously undiagnosed @entity5 . DESIGN: The existing @entity1 pathway was audited and process-mapped to identify delays and areas for improvement. Discussions with key stakeholders were held to identify their needs from an acute oncology service. STRATEGIES FOR CHANGE: A new @entity1 pathway was developed, and a new online referral process was implemented. The publicity and education campaign was repeatedly aimed at referring physicians at consultant and junior level, and took the form of emails and presentations with handouts at all teaching sessions, multidisciplinary team meetings, the Consultants Committee and Junior Doctors' induction. Effects of change The new system was piloted for 6 months. 12/18 @entity1 were referred via the new pathway. 15/18 @entity1 were referred via the new online system. Length of stay, endoscopies, biopsies and blood tests were all statistically significantly reduced during the study period compared with the original audit. LESSONS LEARNT: The challenge was to convince the referring general physicians to use the new @entity1 pathway and referral method. Incorporating their ideas for improvement and implementation made it more likely that they would take up the new ideas. Education and publicity were also extensive, often repeated, and at both junior and senior level. Having the Lead Cancer Clinician and Acute Medicine Consultant engage directly with consultant colleagues, as well as strong support from the Medical Director, was also crucial to the project's success.

title: Towards saving a million bed days: reducing length of stay through an acute oncology model of care for inpatients diagnosed as having XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transfusion of blood products occurs frequently in @entity1755 surgery (rAAA). The aim of this study is to establish the impact of packed red blood cell (PRBC), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and platelet (PLT) transfusion on the 30-day mortality and morbidity ( @entity715 versus non @entity715 ) of rAAAs. METHODS: A retrospective study of 90 consecutive rAAAs from November 2007 to June 2015 was conducted. Multivariable regression models were produced to determine blood products associated with 30-day morbidity and mortality post-rAAA. RESULTS: The overall mortality was 14.6%. At multivariable analyses, transfusion with FFP (>3 units) was independently associated with an increased risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 11.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-96.72, P = .027). The overall morbidity was 26.8%, and subgroup analysis ( @entity715 ) demonstrated transfusion of PLTs (>1 pool) to be independently associated with @entity715 events (OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.37-13.6, P = .012). @entity715 events were responsible for 50% (n = 11 of 22) of all morbidities and mortalities (n = 6 of 12). CONCLUSION: Transfusion of FFP and PLTs may be associated with an increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The use of these blood components should be considered in the context of the @entity1 's clinical and laboratory data as opposed to a fixed ratio to PRBCs. This may result in the reduction in @entity715 emerging in rAAA cohort.

title: The Clinical Implication of Blood Product Transfusion on Morbidity and Mortality of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'Thrombotic', 'thrombotic', 'thrombotic vs nonthrombotic complications']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the history and clinical presentation of a case of primary epibulbar molluscum contagiosum in @entity1582 , after penetrating keratoplasty. METHODS: A 70-year-old @entity1 , with previously diagnosed @entity1582 and @entity483 and @entity9849 , presented 6 months after right penetrating keratoplasty with white multilobular nodules of the right limbus. No @entity272 were evident. Evaluation consisted of slit-lamp examination, and an excisional biopsy of the involved conjunctival epithelium was carried out with local cryotherapy. Excised tissue was sent for histopathologic studies. RESULTS: Slit-lamp examination revealed the presence of eight, 1-3 mm nodules of the perilimbal conjunctiva. In addition, there were opaque plaques at the level of the corneal epithelium. Mild perilesional conjunctival injection was evident, but there was no follicular conjunctival reaction. Histopathologic study of the lesions revealed eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions (molluscum bodies) within the epithelial tissue. CONCLUSIONS: There are no other reports of primary epibulbar molluscum, without previous cutaneous lesions, in immunocompromised @entity1 without @entity791 or after keratoplasty. This diagnosis should be included in the differential of focal thickening of the conjunctival epithelium, and potentially the corneal epithelium, in immunosuppressed @entity1 .

title: Epibulbar molluscum contagiosum lesions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited information is available regarding dermatoscopic differences between @entity146 (BCC). OBJECTIVE: To investigate dermatoscopic differences between non-aggressive and aggressive types. METHODS: We evaluated 145 histopathologically confirmed BCCs from 141 @entity1 . Histopathologic types and @entity146 from 4 mm punch biopsy and their dermatoscopic findings were evaluated. We assessed the statistical significance of dermatoscopic differences between non-aggressive and aggressive types. To objectively predict @entity146 , we created a "dermatoscopic index of @entity1491 " in which 1 point was added and subtracted for each dermatoscopic finding significantly higher in aggressive and non-aggressive types, respectively. RESULTS: Large blue-gray ovoid nests were found more frequently in non-aggressive type than aggressive one (85/105 [80.9%] vs. 21/40 [52.5%], p=0.001). Compared to non-aggressive type, aggressive type had more multiple blue-gray globules (29/40 [72.5%] vs. 57/105 [54.3%], p=0.046), arborizing @entity8721 (29/40 [72.5%] vs. 48/105 [45.7%], p=0.004), and concentric structure (11/40 [27.5%] vs. 12/105 [11.4%], p=0.018). Regarding dermatoscopic index, cases of aggressive type with a score of 1 were most common (n=18, 45.0%), followed by a score of 2 (n=14, 35.0%). Limited number of aggressive type of BCCs and the effect of width on the determination of histopathologic @entity146 . CONCLUSION: Aggressive type BCCs more often exhibited multiple blue-gray globules, arborizing @entity8721 , and concentric structure, while the non-aggressive type exhibited large blue-gray ovoid nests more frequently. Score exceeding 2 on the dermoscopic index can be screening criteria for @entity146 . These dermatoscopic features and dermoscopic index could be useful for assessing @entity146 of BCCs before surgery.

title: Usefulness of Dermatoscopy for the Preoperative Assessment of the Histopathologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['BCC aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['non-aggressive and aggressive types of basal cell carcinoma', 'aggressiveness']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['Aggressiveness of Basal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The filamentous fungus @entity8869 (anamorph of @entity8869 ) produces increased cellulase expression when grown on cellulose or its derivatives as a sole @entity505 source. It has been believed that b-glucosidases of @entity8869 not only metabolize @entity8692 but also contribute in the production of inducers of cellulase gene expression by their transglycosylation activity. The cellulase hyper-producing mutant PC-3-7 developed in Japan has enhanced cellulase production ability when @entity8692 is used as the inducer. The comparative genomics analysis of PC-3-7 and its parent revealed a single-nucleotide mutation within the bgl2 gene encoding intracellular b-glucosidase II (BGLII/Cel1a), giving rise to an @entity3689 substitution in PC-3-7, which could potentially account for the enhanced cellulase expression when these strains are cultivated on cellulose and @entity8692 . RESULTS: To analyze the effects of the BGLII mutation in cellulase induction, we constructed both a bgl2 revertant and a disruptant. Enzymatic analysis of the transformant lysates showed that the strain expressing mutant BGLII exhibited weakened @entity8692 hydrolytic activity, but produced some transglycosylation products, suggesting that the SNP in bgl2 strongly diminished cellobiase activity, but did not result in complete loss of function of BGLII. The analysis of the recombinant BGLII revealed that transglycosylation products might be oligosaccharides, composed probably of @entity413 linked b-1,4, b-1,3, or a mixture of both. PC-3-7 revertants of bgl2 exhibited reduced expression and inducibility of cellulase during growth on cellulose and @entity8692 substrates. Furthermore, the effect of this bgl2 mutation was reproduced in the common strain QM9414 in which the transformants showed cellulase production comparable to that of PC-3-7. CONCLUSION: We conclude that BGLII plays an important role in cellulase induction in @entity8869 and that the bgl2 mutation in PC-3-7 brought about enhanced cellulase expression on @entity8692 . The results of the investigation using PC-3-7 suggested that other mutation(s) in PC-3-7 could also contribute to cellulase induction. Further investigation is essential to unravel the mechanism responsible for cellulase induction in @entity8869 .

title: The impact of a single-nucleotide mutation of bgl2 on cellulase induction in a XXXX mutant.

entities_list: @entity8869 :: ('51453', 'Species') :: ['Hypocrea jecorina', 'Trichoderma reesei', 'T. reesei']

entities_list: @entity8692 :: ('MESH:D002475', 'Chemical') :: ['cellobiose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity8869 :: (51453,Species) :: ['Trichoderma reesei']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4269 is classified into two main types: secondary @entity4269 accompanied by lymph node excision surgery or radiotherapy; and idiopathic @entity4269 . Here we experienced a very rare case of @entity4 resulting from cardiac surgery that the @entity1 underwent 50 years previously. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 62-year-old @entity1 experienced progressive unilateral lower leg @entity4269 for recent years. After undergoing cardiac surgery at another hospital at the age of 12 years, she gradually developed left lower leg @entity4 . The cause of the @entity4 was unclear and it remained untreated. Her @entity4 gradually worsened in recent years, so she consulted the plastic surgery division of our hospital. DISCUSSSION: Perhaps the lymphatic structures of affected individuals differ prior to disease onset. If the mechanism of @entity4 outbreak is elucidated, @entity1 needing conservative and surgical therapy might be more easily identified. Knowing the outbreak mechanism of @entity4 would definitely ease the investigation of an unconventional case like this one. Conservative treatments for @entity4269 , such as self-massage and compression therapy using garments, were immediately started. With these treatments, the leg volume and @entity4 reduced. CONCLUSION: The research on the cause of this case may be important step for elucidating the source of secondary @entity4 .

title: Unilateral lower limb XXXX resulting from a heart surgery performed 50 years prior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema symptoms', 'edema', 'lymphatic edema']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphedema', 'lymphedema']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['lymphedema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The birth of new genes is an important motor of evolutionary innovation. Whereas many new genes arise by gene duplication, others originate at genomic regions that did not contain any genes or gene copies. Some of these newly expressed genes may acquire coding or non-coding functions and be preserved by natural selection. However, it is yet unclear which is the prevalence and underlying mechanisms of de novo gene emergence. In order to obtain a comprehensive view of this process, we have performed in-depth sequencing of the transcriptomes of four @entity1 species- @entity1 , @entity831 , macaque, and @entity19 -and subsequently compared the assembled transcripts and the corresponding syntenic genomic regions. This has resulted in the identification of over five thousand new multiexonic transcriptional events in @entity1 and/or @entity831 that are not observed in the rest of species. Using comparative genomics, we show that the expression of these transcripts is associated with the gain of regulatory motifs upstream of the @entity1021 ( @entity1021 ) and of @entity8106 sites downstream of the @entity1021 . In general, these transcripts show little evidence of purifying selection, suggesting that many of them are not functional. However, we find signatures of selection in a subset of de novo genes which have evidence of protein translation. Taken together, the data support a model in which frequently-occurring new transcriptional events in the genome provide the raw material for the evolution of new proteins.

title: Origins of De Novo Genes in @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['transcription start site', 'TSS']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzee']

answer: @entity831 :: (9598,Species) :: ['Chimpanzee']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The birth of new genes is an important motor of evolutionary innovation. Whereas many new genes arise by gene duplication, others originate at genomic regions that did not contain any genes or gene copies. Some of these newly expressed genes may acquire coding or non-coding functions and be preserved by natural selection. However, it is yet unclear which is the prevalence and underlying mechanisms of de novo gene emergence. In order to obtain a comprehensive view of this process, we have performed in-depth sequencing of the transcriptomes of four @entity1 species- @entity1 , @entity831 , macaque, and @entity19 -and subsequently compared the assembled transcripts and the corresponding syntenic genomic regions. This has resulted in the identification of over five thousand new multiexonic transcriptional events in @entity1 and/or @entity831 that are not observed in the rest of species. Using comparative genomics, we show that the expression of these transcripts is associated with the gain of regulatory motifs upstream of the @entity1021 ( @entity1021 ) and of @entity8106 sites downstream of the @entity1021 . In general, these transcripts show little evidence of purifying selection, suggesting that many of them are not functional. However, we find signatures of selection in a subset of de novo genes which have evidence of protein translation. Taken together, the data support a model in which frequently-occurring new transcriptional events in the genome provide the raw material for the evolution of new proteins.

title: Origins of De Novo Genes in XXXX and @entity831 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) diagnosed in young @entity1 is rare, and the genomics and clinical characteristics of this disease are poorly understood. In contrast, the diagnosis of other @entity5 at a young age has been demonstrated to define unique disease biology. Herein, we report on the association of young age with targetable genomic alterations and prognosis in a cohort of 2237 @entity1 with @entity1149 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between young age at diagnosis and the presence of a potentially targetable genomic alteration, disease prognosis, and natural history. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A cohort of all 2237 @entity1 with @entity1149 who were genotyped at the Dana-Farber @entity5 Institute between January 2002 and December 2014 were identified. @entity5 genotype, @entity1 characteristics, and clinical outcomes were collected and studied at a National @entity5 Institute-designated comprehensive @entity5 center. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between age and mutation status, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were fitted for survival analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The frequency of targetable genomic alterations by defined age categories as well as the association of these age groups with survival. Age categories used in this analysis were younger than 40, 40 to 49, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and 70 years or older. RESULTS: A cohort of 2237 @entity1 with @entity1149 was studied. Of the 2237 @entity1 , 1939 (87%) had histologically confirmed @entity420 , 269 (12%) had @entity1149 not otherwise specified, and 29 (1%) had squamous histologic findings; 1396 (63%) had either stage IIIB or IV @entity5 ; and median (range) age was 62 (20-95) years. We found that gene mutations for @entity470 (P   =   .02) and @entity7041 (P   <   .001) were associated with @entity5 diagnosis at a younger age, and a similar trend existed for @entity1722 (P   =   .15) and @entity31082 (P   =   .10) but not BRAF @entity8554 (P   =   .43). Among @entity1 tested for all 5 targetable genomic alterations (n   =   1325), younger age was associated with an increased frequency of a targetable genotype (P   <   .001). Those diagnosed at 50 years or younger have a 59% increased likelihood of harboring a targetable genotype. While presence of a potentially targetable genomic alteration treated with a targeted agent was associated with improved survival, the youngest and oldest age groups had similarly poor outcomes even when a targetable genotype was present. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Younger age is associated with an increased likelihood of harboring a targetable genotype and is an underappreciated clinical biomarker in @entity1149 . The survival of young @entity1 with NCSLC is unexpectedly poor compared with other age groups, suggesting more aggressive disease biology. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive genotyping, including next-generation sequencing, in younger @entity1 with @entity2 .

title: Association Between Younger Age and Targetable Genomic Alterations and Prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: Purpose: @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), the most common cause of incurable @entity1939 in the western world, is characterized by the dysfunction and eventual death of choroidal endothelial (CECs), RPE, and photoreceptor cells. Stem cell-based treatment strategies designed to replace photoreceptor and RPE cells currently are a major scientific focus. However, the success of these approaches likely also will require replacement of the underlying, supportive choroidal vasculature. The purpose of this study was to generate stem cell-derived CECs to develop efficient differentiation and transplantation protocols. Methods: Dermal fibroblasts from the @entity1886 -GFP @entity19 were isolated and reprogrammed into two independent induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines via viral transduction of the transcription factors @entity7002 , @entity14231 , @entity2005 , and c-Myc. @entity1886 -GFP iPSCs were differentiated into CECs using a coculture method with either the RF6A CEC line or primary @entity19 CECs. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CECs were characterized via RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry for EC- and CEC-specific markers. Results: Induced pluripotent stem cells generated from @entity19 expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of the endothelial @entity1886 promoter display classic pluripotency markers and stem cell morphology. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CECs express @entity30266 , eNOS, @entity18501 , @entity12830 , @entity5231 , @entity22416 , @entity8024 , @entity1886 , @entity52434 , @entity7112 , and @entity8387 . Conclusions: Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CECs will be a valuable tool for modeling of choriocapillaris-specific insults in @entity1020 and for use in future choroidal endothelial cell replacement approaches.

title: Generating iPSC-Derived Choroidal Endothelial Cells to Study Age-Related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Age-related macular degeneration', 'AMD']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['Macular Degeneration']


abstract: Background: Survival after @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) remains low, and tools for improved prediction of @entity1 at long-term risk for @entity1164 are lacking. Alternative short-term approaches aimed at preemptive risk stratification and prevention are needed. Objective: To assess characteristics of symptoms in the 4 weeks before @entity1164 and whether response to these symptoms is associated with better outcomes. Design: Ongoing prospective population-based study. Setting: Northwestern United States (2002 to 2012). @entity1 : Residents aged 35 to 65 years with @entity1164 . Measurement: Assessment of symptoms in the 4 weeks preceding @entity1164 and association with survival to hospital discharge. Results: Of 839 @entity1 with @entity1164 and comprehensive assessment of symptoms (mean age, 52.6 years [SD, 8]; 75% @entity1 ), 430 (51%) had warning symptoms (50% of @entity1 vs. 53% of @entity1 ; P  = 0.59), mainly @entity662 and @entity1353 . In most symptomatic @entity1 (93%), symptoms recurred within the 24 hours preceding @entity1164 . Only 81 @entity1 (19%) called emergency medical services (911) to report symptoms before @entity1164 ; these @entity1 were more likely to be @entity1 with a history of @entity299 (P  < 0.001) or continuous @entity662 (P  < 0.001). Survival when 911 was called in response to symptoms was 32.1% (95% CI, 21.8% to 42.4%) compared with 6.0% (CI, 3.5% to 8.5%) in those who did not call (P  < 0.001). Limitation: Potential for recall and response bias, symptom assessment not available in 24% of @entity1 , and missing data for some @entity1 and @entity1164 characteristics. Conclusion: Warning symptoms frequently occur before @entity1164 , but most are ignored. Emergent medical care was associated with survival in @entity1 with symptoms, so new approaches are needed for short-term prevention of @entity1164 . Primary Funding Source: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

title: Warning Symptoms Are Associated With Survival From XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['SCA', 'sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['Sudden Cardiac Arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Damage to intestinal epithelial tight junctions plays an important role in @entity295 . Recently we found that @entity505 Monoxide-Releasing Molecule-2 (CORM-2) is able to protect LPS-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage and in this study we will investigate if CORM-2 could protect intestinal epithelial tight junctions in the @entity35 cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CLP model was generated using male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 according to standard procedure and treated with CORM-2 or inactive CORM-2 (iCORM-2), 8 mg/kg, i.v. immediately after CLP induction and euthanized after 24h or 72h (for mortality rate only). Morphological changes were investigated using both transmission electron and confocal microscopy. The levels of important TJ proteins and phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) were examined using Western blotting. Cytokines, @entity3426 and @entity1505 were measured using ELISA kits. The overall intestinal epithelial permeability was evaluated using FD-4 as a marker. RESULTS: CORM-2, but not iCORM-2, significantly reduced @entity295 -induced @entity16 (including TJ disruption), TJ protein reduction (including zonula occludens-l (ZO-1), @entity32243 and @entity659 ), MLC phosphorylation and proinflammatory cytokine release. The overall outcomes showed that CORM-2 suppressed @entity295 -induced intestinal epithelial permeability changes and reduced mortality rate of those septic @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data strongly suggest that CORM-2 could be a potential therapeutic reagent for @entity295 by suppressing @entity32 , restoring intestinal epithelial barrier and reducing mortality.

title: Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule-2 Reduces Intestinal Epithelial Tight-Junction Damage and Mortality in Septic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage of intestinal mucosa']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: NF-kB ( @entity2451 / @entity9135 ) is a transcription factor involved in @entity310 -induced cell death resistance by promoting several antiapoptotic genes. We intend to relate the expression of NF-kB ( @entity2451 and @entity9135 ) with serum levels of @entity1486 (PSA), both in normal males and in those with pathologic conditions of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: this study was carried out in 5 normal, 24 @entity1069 ( @entity1069 ) and 19 @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses were performed on tissue and serum PSA was assayed by PSA DPC Immulite assays (Diagnostics Products Corporation, Los Angeles, CA). RESULTS: in controls, @entity9135 NF-kB was not found and @entity2451 was scantly detected in 60% normal samples in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Both @entity2451 and @entity9135 were expressed in 62.5% of the samples with @entity1069 and in 63.2% of those with @entity263 . Both increased its frequency of expression with higher PSA serum levels. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of NF-kB revealed by its nuclear translocation in @entity263 could be related to @entity5 progression and elevated seric PSA levels. A better understanding of the biologic mechanism by which circulating PSA levels increase and its relation with NF-kB expression is needed. Possibly, NF-kB blockage could be used as a therapeutic target to counteract proliferation in @entity263 .

title: [ XXXX and NF-kB in prostatic disease: relation with @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplastic', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate specific antigen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: NF-kB ( @entity2451 / @entity9135 ) is a transcription factor involved in @entity310 -induced cell death resistance by promoting several antiapoptotic genes. We intend to relate the expression of NF-kB ( @entity2451 and @entity9135 ) with serum levels of @entity1486 (PSA), both in normal males and in those with pathologic conditions of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: this study was carried out in 5 normal, 24 @entity1069 ( @entity1069 ) and 19 @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses were performed on tissue and serum PSA was assayed by PSA DPC Immulite assays (Diagnostics Products Corporation, Los Angeles, CA). RESULTS: in controls, @entity9135 NF-kB was not found and @entity2451 was scantly detected in 60% normal samples in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Both @entity2451 and @entity9135 were expressed in 62.5% of the samples with @entity1069 and in 63.2% of those with @entity263 . Both increased its frequency of expression with higher PSA serum levels. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of NF-kB revealed by its nuclear translocation in @entity263 could be related to @entity5 progression and elevated seric PSA levels. A better understanding of the biologic mechanism by which circulating PSA levels increase and its relation with NF-kB expression is needed. Possibly, NF-kB blockage could be used as a therapeutic target to counteract proliferation in @entity263 .

title: [ @entity1486 and NF-kB in prostatic disease: relation with XXXX ].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work is to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of a methanolic extract of Morus alba L. leaves in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hole-board test, elevated plus-maze paradigm, open field test, and light/dark paradigm were used to assess the anxiolytic activity of the methanolic extract of @entity33336 L. Morus alba extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) and @entity3175 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered 30 min before the tests. RESULTS: The results showed that the methanolic extract of @entity33336 significantly increased the number and duration of head poking in the hole-board test. In the elevated plus-maze, the extract significantly increased the exploration of the open arm in similar way to that of @entity3175 . At a dose of 200 mg/kg i.p. the extract significantly increased both the time spent in and the entries into the open arm by @entity19 . Further, in the open field test, the extract significantly increased rearing, assisted rearing, and number of squares traversed, all of which are demonstrations of exploratory behavior. In the light/dark paradigm, the extract produced significant increase in time spent in the lighted box as compared to vehicle. The spontaneous locomotor activity count, measured using an actophotometer, was significantly decreased in animals pretreated with @entity33336 extract, indicating a remarkable sedative effect of the plant. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that a methanolic extract of @entity33336 leaves may possess an anxiolytic effect.

title: Effect of Morus alba L. (mulberry) leaves on anxiety in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The assessment of dental @entity148 among @entity1 will aid in dealing with management issues related to dental treatment. There is no study available from Pakistan on dental @entity148 in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental @entity148 in @entity1 attending a teaching dental hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 252 @entity1 aged between 5-10 years attending a dental clinic in a dental hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. Dental @entity148 was assessed by using the Faces Version of the Modified @entity1 Dental @entity148 Scale. This scale uses faces as pictograms to indicate the levels of dental @entity148 making it easier for @entity1 to answer the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 252 @entity1 were observed for assessment of dental @entity148 having mean age of 7.88  1.55 years with 123 (48.8%) males and 129 (51.2%) females. Out of these @entity1 150 (59.5%) had previously visited a dentist and 102 (40.5%) had no experience with a dentist before; 38% (95/252) of @entity1 had moderate and severe dental @entity148 . Dental @entity148 decreased significantly with age (p=0.0003). The difference in @entity148 levels was not statistically significant between males and females and in different socio-economic status. CONCLUSION: This study has highlighted dental @entity148 as a potential public health concern regarding @entity1 in Pakistan. Assessment of dental @entity148 is a useful way to identify anxious dental @entity1 .

title: DENTAL ANXIETY AMONG XXXX OF AGE BETWEEN 5 TO 10 YEARS VISITING A TEACHING DENTAL HOSPITAL IN ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['CHILDREN']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 is generally thought of as a " @entity1 's disease" because the prevalence of @entity170 and the rate of @entity174 are much higher in postmenopausal @entity1 than in older @entity1 . However, the absolute number of @entity1 affected by @entity170 and @entity174 is large, as at least 2.8 million @entity1 in the United States are thought to have @entity170 . QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The purposes of this review are to (1) highlight gender differences in @entity170 and @entity174 risk, (2) describe disparities in treatment and outcomes after @entity174 between @entity1 and @entity1 , and (3) propose solutions to reducing disparities in treatment and prevention. METHODS: A literature survey was conducted using MEDLINE with a variety of search terms and using references from the author's personal collection of articles. A formal search strategy and exclusion criteria were not employed and the review is therefore selective. WHERE ARE WE NOW?: Postmenopausal @entity1 have a higher prevalence of @entity170 and greater incidence of @entity174 than older @entity1 . Despite the higher @entity174 risk in postmenopausal @entity1 , older @entity1 tend to have worse outcomes after @entity174 and poorer treatment rates, although less is known about the disease course in @entity1 . Multifaceted interventions to improve the screening and treatment for @entity170 were recently developed. WHERE DO WE NEED TO GO?: Improvement in treatment rates of those at risk, regardless of gender, is an important goal in @entity170 management. HOW DO WE GET THERE?: Further development and evaluation of cost-effective, multifaceted interventions for screening and treatment of @entity170 and @entity174 are needed; such interventions will likely improve the primary prevention of @entity174 .

title: Gender differences in XXXX and @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 is generally thought of as a " @entity1 's disease" because the prevalence of @entity170 and the rate of @entity174 are much higher in postmenopausal @entity1 than in older @entity1 . However, the absolute number of @entity1 affected by @entity170 and @entity174 is large, as at least 2.8 million @entity1 in the United States are thought to have @entity170 . QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The purposes of this review are to (1) highlight gender differences in @entity170 and @entity174 risk, (2) describe disparities in treatment and outcomes after @entity174 between @entity1 and @entity1 , and (3) propose solutions to reducing disparities in treatment and prevention. METHODS: A literature survey was conducted using MEDLINE with a variety of search terms and using references from the author's personal collection of articles. A formal search strategy and exclusion criteria were not employed and the review is therefore selective. WHERE ARE WE NOW?: Postmenopausal @entity1 have a higher prevalence of @entity170 and greater incidence of @entity174 than older @entity1 . Despite the higher @entity174 risk in postmenopausal @entity1 , older @entity1 tend to have worse outcomes after @entity174 and poorer treatment rates, although less is known about the disease course in @entity1 . Multifaceted interventions to improve the screening and treatment for @entity170 were recently developed. WHERE DO WE NEED TO GO?: Improvement in treatment rates of those at risk, regardless of gender, is an important goal in @entity170 management. HOW DO WE GET THERE?: Further development and evaluation of cost-effective, multifaceted interventions for screening and treatment of @entity170 and @entity174 are needed; such interventions will likely improve the primary prevention of @entity174 .

title: Gender differences in @entity170 and XXXX .

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) is an antitumor antibiotics used against @entity5 . But its @entity137 limits the therapy of @entity3105 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate @entity3105 @entity137 and the alteration of energy metabolism after short term and long term treatment. METHODS: Male @entity35 were randomly assigned to four groups: Short term control group, short term @entity3105 treatment group, long term control group and long term @entity3105 treatment group. In short term treated group, @entity35 were injected with @entity3105 i.p. at a dose of 2.5  mg/kg every 48  h for six equal injections. In long term, treated group, @entity35 were tail-intravenously injected with @entity3105 at a dose of 3  mg/kg once a week for four weeks. At the end of the experiment, histopathological changes, general blood biomarkers, endogenous antioxidant enzymes, cardiac energy metabolism and related mRNA expression of AMPK signal pathway were determined. RESULTS: @entity3105 induced prominent oxidative stress, a higher mortality rate, histological and ECG changes, obvious @entity1283 , @entity299 and @entity299 in short term treatment @entity35 . In long term treatment @entity35 , @entity3105 caused serious @entity8 and @entity299 , terrible @entity299 , clear alteration of substrate utilization and AMPK signal pathway. CONCLUSION: @entity3105 treatment can induce different damages after short term and long term treatment. In short term treatment group, @entity35 experienced a terrible mortality rate about 40%, the @entity299 , @entity299 and an early @entity712 which are potential connected with reduction of @entity413 utilization. In the long term treatment group, serious @entity8 and obvious changes of mRNA expressions of AMPK signal pathway were observed. Meanwhile, the serious @entity299 and substrate utilization alteration denote an obviously @entity712 . This study could be helpful to develop therapy strategies of @entity3105 complications for clinical application.

title: @entity632 XXXX changes myocardial energy metabolism in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['acute cardiac damage', 'cardiac energy impairment', 'systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']