abstract: Eighteen @entity1 received repeated administrations of @entity900 in relatively large amounts (55-75-100 mg/m2) given systemically by drop infusion. As antiemetic treatments, the following were scheduled: on the day before; @entity617 30mg (3 X p.o.), immediately before; @entity1667 500mg (i.v.), and 3 hours after administration of @entity900 ; @entity1667 500mg (i.v.) and @entity2211 60 mg (suppo.). @entity2211 was given twice a day for one week. @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity448 were studied objectively for two weeks. At a dose of 75 mg/m2 of @entity900 , the occurrence and the duration of @entity390 and @entity391 were effectively reduced by the regimen; @entity390 was observed in 67% of all cases (average duration: 3.3 days) and @entity391 was experienced in 40% (1.2 days). @entity448 was observed in 67% of cases and lasted longer (5.2 days). The severity and duration of these side effects of @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity448 seemed to appear in a manner related to the dose of @entity900 given, but even at a dose of 100 mg/m2, the regimen described above reduced the @entity1 ' discomfort to acceptable levels. No remarkable side effect of this anti-emetic regimen was evident.

title: [Effect of combined use of adrenocortical hormones and @entity2211 as anti-emetics during XXXX therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia', 'anorexia']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone', 'Domperidone']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 received repeated administrations of @entity900 in relatively large amounts (55-75-100 mg/m2) given systemically by drop infusion. As antiemetic treatments, the following were scheduled: on the day before; @entity617 30mg (3 X p.o.), immediately before; @entity1667 500mg (i.v.), and 3 hours after administration of @entity900 ; @entity1667 500mg (i.v.) and @entity2211 60 mg (suppo.). @entity2211 was given twice a day for one week. @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity448 were studied objectively for two weeks. At a dose of 75 mg/m2 of @entity900 , the occurrence and the duration of @entity390 and @entity391 were effectively reduced by the regimen; @entity390 was observed in 67% of all cases (average duration: 3.3 days) and @entity391 was experienced in 40% (1.2 days). @entity448 was observed in 67% of cases and lasted longer (5.2 days). The severity and duration of these side effects of @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity448 seemed to appear in a manner related to the dose of @entity900 given, but even at a dose of 100 mg/m2, the regimen described above reduced the @entity1 ' discomfort to acceptable levels. No remarkable side effect of this anti-emetic regimen was evident.

title: [Effect of combined use of adrenocortical hormones and XXXX as anti-emetics during @entity900 therapy].

answer: @entity2211 :: (MESH:D004294,Chemical) :: ['domperidone']


abstract: To define the pathophysiology of @entity602 associated with @entity7181 formation, we developed an experimental model. Spinal epidural abscesses were produced in @entity95 by injecting @entity794 into the posterior thoracolumbar epidural space under direct vision. Progressive @entity51 were detected in 18 of 20 animals; severe @entity1746 or @entity451 occurred in 75%, and @entity1690 occurred in 55%. Clinical data, including the results of plain spine roentgenography, myelography, and biochemical and bacteriological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, were recorded. Epidural abscesses with varying degrees of @entity1745 were confirmed pathologically in 95% of the experimental group. Spinal cord white matter changes included vacuolization, loss of myelin, and @entity4 . The gray matter of the spinal cords was relatively preserved. There was no microscopic evidence of @entity715 or @entity1333 in the major blood vessels supplying the spinal cords. Histopathological changes detected in the spinal cords were more consistent with direct compression of neural tissue than with @entity1188 . The progressive clinical course and the histopathological changes in the spinal cord after compression by abscess closely resembled those of experimental compression of the spinal cord by @entity14159 .

title: XXXX : a pathophysiological model in the @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['axonal swelling']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity14159 :: ('MESH:D015174', 'Disease') :: ['epidural neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['spinal epidural abscess']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity7181 :: (MESH:D020802,Disease) :: ['Experimental spinal epidural abscess']


abstract: To define the pathophysiology of @entity602 associated with @entity7181 formation, we developed an experimental model. Spinal epidural abscesses were produced in @entity95 by injecting @entity794 into the posterior thoracolumbar epidural space under direct vision. Progressive @entity51 were detected in 18 of 20 animals; severe @entity1746 or @entity451 occurred in 75%, and @entity1690 occurred in 55%. Clinical data, including the results of plain spine roentgenography, myelography, and biochemical and bacteriological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, were recorded. Epidural abscesses with varying degrees of @entity1745 were confirmed pathologically in 95% of the experimental group. Spinal cord white matter changes included vacuolization, loss of myelin, and @entity4 . The gray matter of the spinal cords was relatively preserved. There was no microscopic evidence of @entity715 or @entity1333 in the major blood vessels supplying the spinal cords. Histopathological changes detected in the spinal cords were more consistent with direct compression of neural tissue than with @entity1188 . The progressive clinical course and the histopathological changes in the spinal cord after compression by abscess closely resembled those of experimental compression of the spinal cord by @entity14159 .

title: @entity7181 : a pathophysiological model in the XXXX .

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Primary culture of @entity1 colonic biopsies converts the single cell thick epithelial layer from a highly indented sheet in vivo into a flat patch on the surface of a Petri dish. Migration of cells from biopsies in a continuous sheet to form the patch cultures allows the cultured cells in large part to retain the junctional complexes and membrane interdigitations which connect adjacent cells in vivo and therefore to maintain their spatial relationships to neighboring cells. Migration of the cells onto a flat surface also allows visualization of their actin cables (E. Friedman, M. Verderame, S. Winawer, and R. @entity47691 , @entity5 Res., 44: 3040-3050, 1984). Actin organization patterns have been studied in primary patch cultures of colonic epithelial cells from four stages in the development of @entity694 : normal tissue, normal-appearing but preneoplastic cells characteristic of @entity1412 @entity1 , @entity5 or @entity652 from @entity1412 @entity1 , and benign and @entity5 from @entity1 in the general population. @entity189 exhibited the least number of actin cables, while @entity652 contained the greatest concentration. Similar actin patterns were seen in both @entity1412 and nonpolyposis @entity652 . The preneoplastic @entity5 stage characteristic of @entity1412 @entity1 had less actin cables than either normal cells or @entity5 cells. Thus actin organization loss characterized the transition from the normal colonic epithelial cell to the preneoplastic nontumor cell. The ability to form actin cables was then regained with the transition from the preneoplastic pretumor cell to the @entity5 cell and lost again with the @entity5 to @entity5 . The complexity of these changes in actin organization during the step-wise transformation of colonic epithelial cells was not predicted from the simple model of actin cable loss accompanying fibroblast transformation.

title: Altered actin cytoskeletal patterns in two premalignant stages in @entity1 XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor', 'malignant tumor transition', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'Cancer', 'prebenign tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial polyposis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: Primary culture of @entity1 colonic biopsies converts the single cell thick epithelial layer from a highly indented sheet in vivo into a flat patch on the surface of a Petri dish. Migration of cells from biopsies in a continuous sheet to form the patch cultures allows the cultured cells in large part to retain the junctional complexes and membrane interdigitations which connect adjacent cells in vivo and therefore to maintain their spatial relationships to neighboring cells. Migration of the cells onto a flat surface also allows visualization of their actin cables (E. Friedman, M. Verderame, S. Winawer, and R. @entity47691 , @entity5 Res., 44: 3040-3050, 1984). Actin organization patterns have been studied in primary patch cultures of colonic epithelial cells from four stages in the development of @entity694 : normal tissue, normal-appearing but preneoplastic cells characteristic of @entity1412 @entity1 , @entity5 or @entity652 from @entity1412 @entity1 , and benign and @entity5 from @entity1 in the general population. @entity189 exhibited the least number of actin cables, while @entity652 contained the greatest concentration. Similar actin patterns were seen in both @entity1412 and nonpolyposis @entity652 . The preneoplastic @entity5 stage characteristic of @entity1412 @entity1 had less actin cables than either normal cells or @entity5 cells. Thus actin organization loss characterized the transition from the normal colonic epithelial cell to the preneoplastic nontumor cell. The ability to form actin cables was then regained with the transition from the preneoplastic pretumor cell to the @entity5 cell and lost again with the @entity5 to @entity5 . The complexity of these changes in actin organization during the step-wise transformation of colonic epithelial cells was not predicted from the simple model of actin cable loss accompanying fibroblast transformation.

title: Altered actin cytoskeletal patterns in two premalignant stages in XXXX @entity694 development.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In normal volunteers, serum free @entity1954 (FT3) concentrations determined by Immophase FT3 RIA kit, Amerlex FT3 RIA kit and equilibrium dialysis methods (absolute FT3, AFT3: product of total T3 and percent FT3) were 4.03 +/- 0.65, 3.69 +/- 0.58 and 3.22 +/- 0.65 pg/ml (mean +/- S.D.), respectively. The normal free @entity1954 index (FT3I) was 38.4 +/- 6.5. In @entity1 with @entity1375 , the FT3 values measured by these methods were clearly abnormal. In @entity1 with decreased thyroxine binding-globulin, the mean FT3 concentrations determined by these methods were not significantly different from the normal. However, the mean FT3I was significantly lower than normal. In pregnant @entity1 at delivery, Amerlex FT3 values were subnormal in 7 of 9 subjects. All of these samples except one were within the normal range when evaluated by Immophase FT3 and AFT3, although their mean values were significantly lower than the mean of normal. On the other hand, the mean FT3I was not significantly different from the mean of normal. The correlations between FT3 were all statistically significant. In a clinically euthyroid @entity1 who had @entity10972 and who was shown to have anti-T3 antibody in her serum, Immophase FT3 and Amerlex FT3 values were above the high standards. However, AFT3, calculated by multiplying total T3 (determined after @entity1068 extraction) by percent FT3 was normal. In conclusion, the evaluation of FT3 by these radioimmunoassay methods proved clinically useful, when appropriate limitations are considered.

title: Determination of free XXXX in serum: comparison of radioimmunoassay with equilibrium dialysis method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-and hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity10972 :: ('MESH:C535842', 'Disease') :: ['chronic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1954 :: (MESH:D014284,Chemical) :: ['triiodothyronine']


abstract: The reported studies on the development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of stress have been mostly concerned with the involvement of opioid or non-opioid substances in stress-induced @entity1337 (SIA). To further investigate the processes involved in SIA tolerance, @entity35 were exposed to forced @entity11896 ( @entity11896 , 18 exposures, 3/min, 10 sec each) on 16 consecutive days. On days 15 and 16, they were injected prior to swim with saline and @entity836 (10 mg/kg), respectively. During swim, three types of readily identifiable behaviors were observed. They may be characterized by immobility and horizontal floating (Type I), intensive activity and escape attempts (Type II), and passivity and "behavioral despair" (Type III). In the acute condition, only Type II and Type III appear in sequence. In the chronic condition, the sequence of behaviors is: Type I, Type II, and Type III. Thirty minutes after swim, @entity1337 , core temperature, and degree of inactivity were measured. With chronic exposure, tolerance developed to the @entity1337 , @entity2332 and @entity458 induced by the @entity11896 . Type I behavior appeared on day 3 or 4 and persisted throughout the chronic treatment. Type II behavior did not adapt. @entity836 (10 mg/kg) antagonized the adaptive aspect of all those variables where adaptation or tolerance were found ( @entity1337 , @entity458 , @entity2332 , and Type I behavior) but had no effect on Type II behavior where no adaptation was observed. It is suggested that the endorphins have a functional role in the behavioral and and physiological adaptation to aversive stressful environmental situations.

title: XXXX antagonizes the biobehavioral adaptation to cold water stress in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone', 'Naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity11896 :: ('MESH:D014869', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent cold water swim', 'ICWS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['hypoactivity']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['core hypothermia']

answer: @entity836 :: (MESH:D009271,Chemical) :: ['Naltrexone']


abstract: The reported studies on the development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of stress have been mostly concerned with the involvement of opioid or non-opioid substances in stress-induced @entity1337 (SIA). To further investigate the processes involved in SIA tolerance, @entity35 were exposed to forced @entity11896 ( @entity11896 , 18 exposures, 3/min, 10 sec each) on 16 consecutive days. On days 15 and 16, they were injected prior to swim with saline and @entity836 (10 mg/kg), respectively. During swim, three types of readily identifiable behaviors were observed. They may be characterized by immobility and horizontal floating (Type I), intensive activity and escape attempts (Type II), and passivity and "behavioral despair" (Type III). In the acute condition, only Type II and Type III appear in sequence. In the chronic condition, the sequence of behaviors is: Type I, Type II, and Type III. Thirty minutes after swim, @entity1337 , core temperature, and degree of inactivity were measured. With chronic exposure, tolerance developed to the @entity1337 , @entity2332 and @entity458 induced by the @entity11896 . Type I behavior appeared on day 3 or 4 and persisted throughout the chronic treatment. Type II behavior did not adapt. @entity836 (10 mg/kg) antagonized the adaptive aspect of all those variables where adaptation or tolerance were found ( @entity1337 , @entity458 , @entity2332 , and Type I behavior) but had no effect on Type II behavior where no adaptation was observed. It is suggested that the endorphins have a functional role in the behavioral and and physiological adaptation to aversive stressful environmental situations.

title: @entity836 antagonizes the biobehavioral adaptation to cold water stress in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In assessing and assimilating the neurodevelopmental basis of the so-called @entity717 it is probably useful to establish certain concepts that will modulate both the variation and selection of affliction, mechanisms-processes and diversity of disease states. Both genetic, developmental and @entity179 are to be encompassed within such an approach, as well as all deviations from the necessary components of behaviour that are generally understood to incorporate "normal" functioning. In the present treatise, both conditions of @entity2915 /hypoactivity, @entity910 and @entity2845 together with a constellation of other symptoms and @entity751 are considered in conjunction with the neuropharmacological and brain morphological alterations that may or may not accompany them, e.g. following neonatal denervation. As a case in point, the neuroanatomical and neurochemical points of interaction in @entity71 ( @entity71 ) are examined with reference to both the perinatal metallic and organic environment and genetic backgrounds. The role of apoptosis, as opposed to @entity39 , in cell death during brain development necessitates careful considerations of the current explosion of evidence for brain nerve growth factors, neurotrophins and cytokines, and the processes regulating their appearance, release and fate. Some of these processes may possess putative inherited characteristics, like @entity8095 , others may to greater or lesser extents be endogenous or semi-endogenous (in food), like the @entity63047 , others exogenous until inhaled or injested through environmental accident, like heavy metals, e.g. @entity349 . Another central concept of neurodevelopment is cellular plasticity, thereby underlining the essential involvement of @entity2227 systems and @entity1024 receptor configurations. Finally, an essential assimilation of brain development in disease must delineate the relative merits of inherited as opposed to environmental risks not only for the commonly-regarded @entity717 , like @entity191 , @entity2033 and @entity302 , but also for afflictions bearing strong elements of psychosocial tragedy, like @entity71 , @entity2438 and Savantism.

title: Brain sites of XXXX : genetic and environmental agents in neurodevelopmental perturbations.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative aberrations']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['syndromes']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity63047 :: ('MESH:D044005', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydroisoquinolines']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['movement disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of @entity28 and prevention of @entity1017 on the incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined @entity1 in the San Antonio Heart Study, a prospective population-based study of Mexican Americans and @entity62 residing in San Antonio, Texas. BMI was stratified into four categories: normal (<25 kg/m(2)), overweight (> or =25 kg/m(2) and <30 kg/m(2)), @entity28 (> or =30 kg/m(2) and <35 kg/m(2)), and @entity28 (> or =35 kg/m(2)). The number and proportion of incident cases prevented by targeting each BMI category were estimated. In addition, we calculated the decrease in risk of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 associated with @entity1017 prevention across both the BMI and age spectra. RESULTS: Preventing normal individuals from becoming overweight would result in the greatest reduction in incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 . This would result in a 62 and 74% reduction in the incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 in Mexican Americans and @entity62 , respectively. Preventing the entire population from gaining, on average, 1 BMI unit would result in a reduction in incidence of @entity2175 .4 and 13.0% in Mexican Americans and @entity62 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of cases of @entity164 2 @entity6 were in individuals who were overweight or mildly @entity28 with a family history of @entity164 2 @entity6 . Public health resources should be directed toward the prevention of @entity1017 among normal and overweight individuals in order to prevent the maximum number of cases of @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: A population perspective on @entity6 prevention: whom should we target for preventing XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes of 12']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['very obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic whites']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of @entity28 and prevention of @entity1017 on the incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined @entity1 in the San Antonio Heart Study, a prospective population-based study of Mexican Americans and @entity62 residing in San Antonio, Texas. BMI was stratified into four categories: normal (<25 kg/m(2)), overweight (> or =25 kg/m(2) and <30 kg/m(2)), @entity28 (> or =30 kg/m(2) and <35 kg/m(2)), and @entity28 (> or =35 kg/m(2)). The number and proportion of incident cases prevented by targeting each BMI category were estimated. In addition, we calculated the decrease in risk of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 associated with @entity1017 prevention across both the BMI and age spectra. RESULTS: Preventing normal individuals from becoming overweight would result in the greatest reduction in incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 . This would result in a 62 and 74% reduction in the incidence of @entity164 2 @entity6 in Mexican Americans and @entity62 , respectively. Preventing the entire population from gaining, on average, 1 BMI unit would result in a reduction in incidence of @entity2175 .4 and 13.0% in Mexican Americans and @entity62 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of cases of @entity164 2 @entity6 were in individuals who were overweight or mildly @entity28 with a family history of @entity164 2 @entity6 . Public health resources should be directed toward the prevention of @entity1017 among normal and overweight individuals in order to prevent the maximum number of cases of @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: A population perspective on XXXX prevention: whom should we target for preventing @entity1017 ?

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Unilateral focal cold blocks (20 degrees C) in structures located ventrolaterally in rostral medulla consistently caused apnoea or deep @entity308 of @entity998 . The inhibitory effect could be correlated with the cooling temperature. Apnoeic response occurred either with complete absence of any inspiratory activity or combined with low level tonic inspiratory motor activity ('tonic apnoea'). The appearance of apnoea was @entity515 -independent, whereas the tonic component of the latter increased with increasing levels of PCO2. The results suggest that the structures in the deep, ventro-lateral aspect of rostral medulla, from which apnoea can be induced, correspond partly to the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (nPGL) and the nucleus preolivaris. These structures appear to be relevant for the drive inputs necessary for respiratory rhythmogenesis. Unilateral focal cooling in the rostral medulla, including the 'B  tzinger Complex', caused increments in respiratory rate both in vagotomized and non-vagotomized animals. The increase in respiratory rate in response to cooling in the region of the 'B  tzinger Complex' was combined with either an enhancement or some @entity1576 . This area in the rostral part of the ventral respiratory group (VRG) seems not to be crucial for respiratory rhythmogenesis, but to play a role in determining both the intensity and timing of the respiratory activity. All effects of unilateral @entity616 were bilaterally symmetrical.

title: Effects of graded focal XXXX in rostral areas of the medulla.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['inspiratory motor output']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['depression of respiratory motor output']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['cold block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['cold block']


abstract: The recurrent mossy fiber pathway of the dentate gyrus expands dramatically in @entity1 @entity1315 and in animal models of this disorder, creating monosynaptic connections among granule cells. This novel granule cell network can support reverberating excitation but is difficult to activate with low-frequency stimulation. This study used hippocampal slices from @entity2134 -treated @entity35 to explore the dependence of synaptic transmission in this pathway on stimulus frequency. Minimal electrically evoked EPSCs exhibited a high failure rate ( approximately 60%). Stimulus trains delivered at a frequency of <1 Hz depressed synaptic transmission, as evidenced by an increase in response failures. Conversely, stimulus trains delivered at higher frequencies reduced the percentage of response failures and increased the amplitude of compound EPSCs, including pharmacologically isolated @entity143 receptor-mediated EPSCs. Short-term frequency-dependent facilitation was of modest size compared with mossy fiber synapses on other neuronal types. Facilitation depended on the activation of @entity4176 receptors by released @entity2227 and was inhibited by feedback activation of type II metabotropic @entity2227 receptors. These results suggest that the recurrent mossy fiber pathway may be functionally silent during baseline asynchronous granule cell activity in vivo attributable, in part, to progressive transmission failure. The pathway may synchronize granule cell firing and may promote @entity410 propagation most effectively during the brief periods of high-frequency granule cell firing that occur during normal behavior, during the periods of hypersynchronous fast activity characteristic of @entity302 brain and, most importantly, during the period of increasing granule cell activity that precedes a spontaneous @entity410 .

title: Short-term frequency-dependent plasticity at recurrent mossy fiber synapses of the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: An autopsy case of @entity2746 is reported. There are four family members with similar symptomatology through three generations. A 36-year-old @entity1 developed atactic gait at the age of 22 years, with following @entity4653 , scanning speech, @entity9718 , @entity6447 , dysdiadochokinesia, @entity346 and mild @entity132 . The clinical course was steadily progressive and terminated about 14 years after the onset. The gross examination showed smallness of the brain stem and spinal cord with marked symmetrical atrophy of the anterior and lateral columns, especially at thoracic level. Histologically, pronounced degeneration was found in the anterior and posterior spino-cerebellar tracts, spino-thalamic tracts, and spinal ganglia. The olivary nuclei, pons and cerebellum were spared. The dentate nuclei showed considerable loss of neurons with degeneration, however there were no clinical signs related to this pathology. This case is considered to fall in the group of @entity2746 according to Greenfield's classification, however, there was no report on degeneration of the dentate nucleus in this disease for the present. Hereditary @entity23334 is @entity395 and only four cases have well been documented in our country to the best of our knowledge. The presence of @entity346 , and sparing of the posterior column of the spinal cord seems to be common clinico-pathology in Japanese cases, differing from those of foreign cases. The fact that reactive astrogliosis was immunohistochemistry demonstrated in the degenerative regions of the spinal cord and where is no discrepancy between degenerative and reparative processes as reported before is stressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [An autopsy case of @entity2746 ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal signs']

entities_list: @entity23334 :: ('MESH:C564815', 'Disease') :: ['spastic ataxia']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus and superficial sensory disturbance', 'nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['dysmetria']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['very rare disease']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary spastic ataxia']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity2746 :: (MESH:D013132,Disease) :: ['hereditary spastic ataxia']


abstract: An autopsy case of @entity2746 is reported. There are four family members with similar symptomatology through three generations. A 36-year-old @entity1 developed atactic gait at the age of 22 years, with following @entity4653 , scanning speech, @entity9718 , @entity6447 , dysdiadochokinesia, @entity346 and mild @entity132 . The clinical course was steadily progressive and terminated about 14 years after the onset. The gross examination showed smallness of the brain stem and spinal cord with marked symmetrical atrophy of the anterior and lateral columns, especially at thoracic level. Histologically, pronounced degeneration was found in the anterior and posterior spino-cerebellar tracts, spino-thalamic tracts, and spinal ganglia. The olivary nuclei, pons and cerebellum were spared. The dentate nuclei showed considerable loss of neurons with degeneration, however there were no clinical signs related to this pathology. This case is considered to fall in the group of @entity2746 according to Greenfield's classification, however, there was no report on degeneration of the dentate nucleus in this disease for the present. Hereditary @entity23334 is @entity395 and only four cases have well been documented in our country to the best of our knowledge. The presence of @entity346 , and sparing of the posterior column of the spinal cord seems to be common clinico-pathology in Japanese cases, differing from those of foreign cases. The fact that reactive astrogliosis was immunohistochemistry demonstrated in the degenerative regions of the spinal cord and where is no discrepancy between degenerative and reparative processes as reported before is stressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [An autopsy case of XXXX ( @entity2746 )].

answer: @entity2746 :: (MESH:D013132,Disease) :: ['hereditary ataxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine pre- and intraoperative risk factors for the development of @entity260 among @entity1 undergoing aortic, carotid, and peripheral vascular surgery to predict the risk for @entity260 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although @entity260 after vascular surgery is a frequent complication and is associated with the need for more inpatient hospital care and longer length of hospital stay, little is known about risk factors for @entity933 in @entity1 undergoing vascular surgery. METHODS: Pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were prospectively collected, including the first 7 postoperative days with daily follow-up by a surgeon and a psychiatrist of 153 @entity1 undergoing elective vascular surgery. @entity933 (Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV) was diagnosed by the psychiatrist. Multivariate linear logistic regression and a cross validation analysis were performed to find a set of parameters to predict @entity260 . RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 (39.2%) developed @entity260 . The best set of predictors included the absence of @entity432 and hypercholesterinemia, history of a major amputation, age over 65 years, a body size of less than 170 cm, preoperative @entity146 parameters and intraoperative parameters correlated to increased @entity190 . The combination of these parameters allows the estimation of an individual @entity1 ' risk for @entity260 already at the end of vascular surgery with an overall accuracy of 69.9%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity260 after vascular surgery is a frequent complication. A model based on pre- and intraoperative somatic and @entity146 risk factors allows prediction of the @entity1 's risk for developing @entity260 .

title: Predicting XXXX after vascular surgery: a model based on pre- and intraoperative data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative delirium', 'Postoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['supraaortic occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the change in body image, self-esteem, and worries in @entity28 adolescents attending a residential, weight-loss camp. DESIGN: A longitudinal intervention study, with a nonintervention comparison group of lean adolescents. @entity1 : A total of 57 @entity28 adolescents (age: 13,11; BMI: 32.6 kg/m(2)) and 38 normal weight comparison adolescents. MEASURES: Self-esteem, salience of weight-related issues, body shape preference, weight and height at the start, and end of the weight-loss camp (mean stay: 4 weeks). RESULTS: The @entity28 adolescents lost 5.6 kg, reduced their BMI by 2.1 kg/m(2), and BMI s.d. score by 0.28 while comparison @entity1 gained weight. Body shape dissatisfaction significantly decreased and self-esteem increased on measures of global self-worth, athletic competence, and physical appearance, in the camp attendees. This improvement took place without any exacerbation of existing worries about appearance or weight. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity28 adolescents had lower self-worth and greater body dissatisfaction relative to the comparison @entity1 at the start of the camp, the intervention improved their psychological state. Greater weight loss was associated with greater psychological improvement, indicating the value of the intervention and the relevance of psychological change in effective treatment.

title: XXXX 's weight-loss camps: psychological benefit or jeopardy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pneumatic tube transport has been reported to aggravate the error in partial pressure of @entity26 ( @entity4095 ) measurements caused by air bubbles. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of manual and pneumatic tube methods of sample transportation and different amounts of air bubbles on arterial blood gas analysis. METHODS: Blood gas samples from 15 @entity1 and a pooled wasted blood mixture with 3 different levels of @entity4095 were analyzed to determine the effects of air bubbles and manual versus pneumatic tube transportation on @entity4095 levels. RESULTS: @entity4095 increased significantly in samples containing 10% air bubbles and was exaggerated by pneumatic tube transport (from 115.63 +/- 9.31 mm Hg to 180.51 +/- 11.29 mm Hg, p < 0.001). In samples with low @entity4095 ( approximately 30 mm Hg), the measurement was not aberrant regardless of the method of transportation or the amount of air bubbles contained in the specimen. However, in samples with medium and high @entity4095 (> 70 mm Hg), aberrances in measurements were noted even with only 0.5% air bubbles and regardless of whether the sample was transported by manual methods or pressurized tube. The increments of @entity4095 correlated positively with the amount of air introduced into the specimens. Thus, the measured PO(2) increased 8.13 and 31.77 mm Hg when 0.5% and 10% air bubbles were introduced, respectively, to samples with medium PO(2) (p < 0.05). The interaction between the amount of air bubbles and the method of transportation was significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Trapped air in the syringe should be expelled as thoroughly as possible, since the presence of only 1% air bubbles can result in aberrance in PO(2) measurement. Samples for blood gas analysis should be carried in ambient pressure to the laboratory because pneumatic tube delivery systems significantly aggravate the air bubble-related aberrance in @entity4095 measurement.

title: Effects of air bubbles and tube transportation on blood XXXX tension in arterial blood gas analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity358 ( @entity358 ) volume to head circumference ratios (CVRs) determined by different imaging modalities and calculation techniques. METHODS: Fetal thoracic lesion images by ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were retrospectively reviewed and the CVRs were calculated. The CVR(US) was determined by the standard method. The CVR(MRI) was calculated from T2-weighted sequences (HASTE/SSH-TSE) in two ways, dimensional measurements analogous to US technique (MRI-D) and by using a MRI-software calculated volume (MRI-V). CVR values between methods were compared using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank testing, Bland-Altman analyses, and Spearman correlations. RESULTS: Appropriate images were available to compare CVR(US) to CVR(MRI-D) for 20 @entity1 and CVR(US) to CVR(MRI-V) for 18 @entity1 . There were no significant differences in CVR values between modalities. By Bland-Altman analyses, the CVR measurements were largely within the limits of agreement: 18 of 20 for CVR(MRI-D) and 17 of 18 for CVR(MRI-V), with a slight bias towards larger measurements by MRI. CONCLUSIONS: Though values varied between modalities for individual @entity1 , there was no systematic difference in CVRs determined by US or MRI. Fetal prognostic category for CPAMs did not change based on MRI in any @entity1 in this series.

title: Comparison of XXXX volume ratios calculated by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['congenital pulmonary airway malformation', 'CPAM']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['congenital pulmonary airway malformation']


abstract: A rare case of extracranial internal @entity432 with a coexisting @entity439 is reported. A 50-year-old male had a sudden onset of severe @entity10 , @entity391 and right motor weakness on May 14, 1984. Two days later the @entity1 was transferred to our hospital. On admission he was alert but presented with @entity2003 and right moderate @entity1269 . He had an episode of a @entity6075 12 years previously, but no history of @entity101 , @entity6 or @entity64 . A computed tomography revealed mild @entity510 and mild @entity2554 . A cerebral angiography did not demonstrate any @entity439 but it revealed @entity432 at the cervical bifurcation. The repeated angiography on May 31 disclosed a saccular @entity439 arising anteromedially at the level of the junction of the right posterior communicating @entity2998 . The cervical internal carotid artery remained occluded at the same site. The middle cerebral artery was supplied through the well-developed posterior communicating artery, and the right anterior cerebral artery was supplied through the anterior communicating artery. Clipping of the @entity439 was attempted but it was forcibly trapped because of @entity548 on June 5. The right V-P shunt was performed for the progressive @entity2554 on June 12. The @entity1 was discharged with no paresis on June 20. It has been well known that the uni- or bilateral @entity432 , whatever the origins are, are often associated with @entity438 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Extracranial internal @entity432 and coexisting XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['nuchal rigidity']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['premature bleeding']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['artery and the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral internal carotid aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['blunt head injury']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion', 'occlusion of the right internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['ipsilateral intracranial internal carotid aneurysm']


abstract: A rare case of extracranial internal @entity432 with a coexisting @entity439 is reported. A 50-year-old male had a sudden onset of severe @entity10 , @entity391 and right motor weakness on May 14, 1984. Two days later the @entity1 was transferred to our hospital. On admission he was alert but presented with @entity2003 and right moderate @entity1269 . He had an episode of a @entity6075 12 years previously, but no history of @entity101 , @entity6 or @entity64 . A computed tomography revealed mild @entity510 and mild @entity2554 . A cerebral angiography did not demonstrate any @entity439 but it revealed @entity432 at the cervical bifurcation. The repeated angiography on May 31 disclosed a saccular @entity439 arising anteromedially at the level of the junction of the right posterior communicating @entity2998 . The cervical internal carotid artery remained occluded at the same site. The middle cerebral artery was supplied through the well-developed posterior communicating artery, and the right anterior cerebral artery was supplied through the anterior communicating artery. Clipping of the @entity439 was attempted but it was forcibly trapped because of @entity548 on June 5. The right V-P shunt was performed for the progressive @entity2554 on June 12. The @entity1 was discharged with no paresis on June 20. It has been well known that the uni- or bilateral @entity432 , whatever the origins are, are often associated with @entity438 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Extracranial internal XXXX and coexisting @entity438 ].

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['carotid occlusion']


abstract: We report a rare case of traumatic spinal subarachnoid @entity1410 with @entity4889 following @entity130 . A 43-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital four days after @entity130 complaining of @entity158 , left @entity1269 and dysesthesia of the left arm. On the third hospital day, neurological examination revealed left C2,3 level @entity4889 . High cervical plain CT scan showed a high density area in the left spinal canal from C1 vertebral body level to C2-3 intervertebral level. Emergency operation was performed and a left-sided subarachnoid @entity1410 was removed. The left C2 and C3 nerve roots were markedly stretched and the cord was shifted to the right. Neither @entity455 nor @entity5 was found and no traumatic change was seen on the cord. The @entity4889 disappeared soon after surgery, but the weakness of the left arm and anesthesia at the level of left C2 dermatome remained until six months after operation. Review of the literature revealed no such a case as the one in which the @entity1 developed a spinal subarachnoid @entity1410 following @entity130 without any preexisting @entity66 of the spine. @entity4889 caused by spinal subarachnoid @entity1410 was not found on the literature either. So we believe that this is the first report of case of such lesion. The mechanism of @entity510 formation on @entity130 may be due to transient dislocation of the spine with tearing of the anterior longitudinal ligament or to crushing of the cord between the ligamentum flavum, which bulged forward on hyperextension, and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Traumatic spinal subarachnoid XXXX presenting with @entity4889 ].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease or injury']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['Brown-S  quard syndrome']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid clot']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nuchal pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperextension cervical injury', 'hyperextension injury']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: We report a rare case of traumatic spinal subarachnoid @entity1410 with @entity4889 following @entity130 . A 43-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital four days after @entity130 complaining of @entity158 , left @entity1269 and dysesthesia of the left arm. On the third hospital day, neurological examination revealed left C2,3 level @entity4889 . High cervical plain CT scan showed a high density area in the left spinal canal from C1 vertebral body level to C2-3 intervertebral level. Emergency operation was performed and a left-sided subarachnoid @entity1410 was removed. The left C2 and C3 nerve roots were markedly stretched and the cord was shifted to the right. Neither @entity455 nor @entity5 was found and no traumatic change was seen on the cord. The @entity4889 disappeared soon after surgery, but the weakness of the left arm and anesthesia at the level of left C2 dermatome remained until six months after operation. Review of the literature revealed no such a case as the one in which the @entity1 developed a spinal subarachnoid @entity1410 following @entity130 without any preexisting @entity66 of the spine. @entity4889 caused by spinal subarachnoid @entity1410 was not found on the literature either. So we believe that this is the first report of case of such lesion. The mechanism of @entity510 formation on @entity130 may be due to transient dislocation of the spine with tearing of the anterior longitudinal ligament or to crushing of the cord between the ligamentum flavum, which bulged forward on hyperextension, and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Traumatic spinal subarachnoid @entity1410 presenting with XXXX ].

answer: @entity4889 :: (MESH:D018455,Disease) :: ['Brown-S  quard syndrome']


abstract: The proposed mechanisms of photoinduced reactions in the blue light using @entity1785 chromophore photoreceptor proteins are primarily based on the results of X-ray crystallography and spectroscopy studies. Of particular value are the observed band shifts in optical and vibrational spectra upon formation of the signaling (light-induced) state. However, the same set of experimental data has given rise to contradictory interpretations suggesting different structures of the dark and signaling states. To verify the specific mechanism of light-induced changes involving the rotation/tautomerization transformations with the conserved @entity7647 residue near the @entity1785 chromophore, we performed accurate quantum chemical calculations of the equilibrium structures, vibrational and absorption bands of the model systems mimicking the BLUF domain of flavoprotein AppA. Geometry optimization and calculations of vibrational frequencies were carried out with the QM(B3LYP/cc-pVDZ)/MM(AMBER) approach starting from the representative @entity74 ( @entity74 ) snapshots. The @entity74 simulations were initiated from the available crystal structures of the AppA protein. Calculations of the vertical excitation energies were performed with the scaled opposite spin configuration interaction with single substitutions SOS-CIS(D) method that enables efficient treatment of excited states in large molecular systems. The computed molecular structures as well as the spectral shifts (the red shift by 12  16 nm in absorption and the downshift by 25 cm(-1) for the @entity72290 @entity1785 vibrational mode) are in excellent agreement with the experimental results, lending a strong support to the mechanism proposed by Domratcheva et al. (Biophys. J. 2008, 94, 3872).

title: Quantum Chemistry Calculations Provide Support to the Mechanism of the Light-Induced Structural Changes in the XXXX -Binding Photoreceptor Proteins.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

answer: @entity1785 :: (MESH:C024132,Chemical) :: ['Flavin']


abstract: Throughout life, the @entity2670 ( @entity2670 ) undergoes morphogenetic changes that may be hormonally regulated. To investigate this possibility, a population of cells morphologically identical to native @entity2670 cells was isolated from estrous @entity95 with collagenase, unit gravity sedimentation, and trypsin- @entity1098 . Cells were incubated with various concentrations of protein hormones in serum-rich medium or in a chemically defined medium containing fibronectin. @entity665 was added 24 h before interruption of cultures. Growth-promoting effects of tested hormones were more pronounced and consistent in serum-free cultures. Under these conditions, @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (10,000 mIU/ml) caused a 2.8-fold increase in cell number and a 3.4-fold stimulation of @entity1014 incorporation. Luteinizing hormone (NIAMDD-oLH-24, 1.0 micrograms/ml) and follicle-stimulating hormone (NIADDK-oFSH-16, 1.0 micrograms/ml) produced, respectively, a 1.7-fold and 1.5-fold increase in cell proliferation, and over 1.4-fold and 1.3-fold stimulations of @entity1014 uptake. When used together, no growth stimulation by these gonadotropins was seen. Slight but significant increases in cell number (1.4-fold) and in radiolabel incorporation (1.3-fold) were observed with prolactin (NIADDK-oPrl-16, 10 ng/ml). These data indicate that some protein hormones promote the growth of @entity2670 cells. This property may be important in regulating these cells during normal and pathologic states.

title: Growth effects of protein hormones on cultured XXXX ovarian surface epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['Tritiated thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['OSE', 'ovarian surface epithelium']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: In this work, we present infrared (IR) spectra of @entity72291 and its deuterium isotopomers calculated by direct @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations at the B3LYP/6-31+G** computational level. The calculated spectra obtained at 100, 300, and 500 K were compared to available experimental observations, and spectral features were assigned using normal-mode analysis (NMA) and @entity74 ( @entity74 ). Spectral peaks at 2410 and 2540 cm(-1) were assigned to asymmetric and symmetric stretches of the bridging @entity3884 (BH) using NMA. The weak spectral features at 2166 and 2275 cm(-1) were assigned to a combination band of BH asymmetric stretch, @entity4358 in phase wagging, OO stretch, and @entity32909 rocking vibrations by @entity74 simulations. Our observation of BH stretch vibrations as low as 2166 cm(-1) is in good agreement with the assignment of the low-resolution spectrum obtained by Schwarz at 2200-2300 cm(-1) [Schwarz, H. A. J. Chem. Phys. 1977, 67, 5525-5534] and vibrational predissociation spectrum by Lee et al.    2300 cm(-1) [Okumura, M.; Yeh, L. I.; Myers, J. D.; Lee, Y. T. J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 94, 3416-3427].

title: Ab Initio Studies of Structural and Vibrational Properties of Protonated Water Cluster XXXX and Its Deuterium Isotopologues: An Application of Driven Molecular Dynamics.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'DMD', 'driven molecular dynamics', 'MD']

answer: @entity72291 :: (CHEBI:50557,Chemical) :: ['H7O3(+)']


abstract: With the advent of more sensitive diagnostic techniques, we are encountering an increasing number of young @entity1 harboring @entity816 . The great danger in such @entity1 is that the @entity816 cells will undergo dedifferentiation to a higher state of malignancy. An essential question is whether the use of postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy can decrease the incidence of this event. Because a prospective, randomized study has never been carried out, it is extremely difficult to ascertain whether radiation therapy should be given to these @entity1 . This article reviews the main retrospective clinical studies in an attempt to determine whether the addition of radiation therapy increases the length or quality of survival in @entity1 with @entity816 . Based on this literature review, the following tentative conclusions have been reached: All reported studies are inconclusive; therefore, dogmatic statements as to whether radiation therapy should be used are not warranted. One should try to obtain pathological confirmation of the precise nature of all @entity5 -like @entity75 that have been detected on neuroradiological studies. Consistent with sound neurosurgical judgment, every attempt should be made to carry out a gross total removal of the hemispheric @entity816 . In the case of such a gross total surgical removal and even in its absence in the case of a juvenile @entity816 , radiation therapy may be withheld and the @entity1 carefully followed for @entity5 recurrence. In those cases where total removal cannot be accomplished, postoperative radiation therapy seems warranted. Such radiation therapy should be given in a conventional fractionated schedule to a maximum of 5500 rads.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Radiation therapy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral astrocytoma', 'pilocytic astrocytoma', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['cerebral astrocytoma']


abstract: @entity741 is one of the major causes of @entity944 in Japanese workers. @entity1007 , @entity101 , @entity28 , and the smoking habit are considered to be risk factors for cardiovascular events. Generally the subendocardium is thought to be more sensitive to a shortage of blood supply than the subepicardium. Buckberg et al. have demonstrated that the ratio of the area of the diastolic phase (diastolic pressure time index: DPTI) to that of the systolic phase (time tension index: TTI) in the central aortic profile has a close correlation with the blood supply to the subendocardium. This ratio was designated as the subendocardial viability ratio: SEVR (DPTI/TTI). We examined the relationships between the SEVR, as measured by SphygmoCor (AtCor Medical Ltd.), and the data from the health examination of 178 males working for a steel company. A significantly low SEVR was observed in @entity1 with the smoking habit, a high pulse rate, @entity28 , @entity1503 , or @entity4854 . Employees in the normal SEVR group (SEVR: 140% or more) n = 120 and low SEVR group (SEVR: 139% or less) n = 58 were compared. The results suggested that employees with low SEVR were older and had a higher BMI, higher pulse rate, higher total @entity165 , higher @entity412 , and higher fasting plasma @entity413 . They also had lower HDL- @entity165 . In the low SEVR group, the percentage of employees with @entity407 or hyperglucosemia was significantly higher than that in the normal SEVR group. Results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that the pulse rate and age were significant and independent predictive factors for SEVR. These data on SEVR calculated from the wave pattern of the central artery are considered to be useful parameters for evaluating the risk of @entity741 and for guiding health promotion.

title: [Relationship between the subendocardial viability ratio and risk factors for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercholesteremia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['abnormality of blood fat components']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic heart disease', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: We evaluated the surgical treatment results of @entity1653 in the era of radiosurgery. We treated 24 @entity1 of @entity1653 surgically. The median age was 60 yrs (ranging from 29 to 82 yrs). The most common @entity5 location was the sphenoid ridge in 12 @entity1 and the tuberculum sellae in 7 @entity1 . The pterional approach using fronto-temporal craniotomy was performed for all @entity1 . The residual or recurrent @entity5 were treated by gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS). We are able to follow up these cases for a median of 3.8 yrs (ranging from 1 to 8 yrs) after the operations. The radicality of @entity5 resection was Simpson grade II in 13 @entity1 (54%), grade III in 3 @entity1 (13%) and grade IV in 7 @entity1 (33%). Clinical improvement was achieved in 81% of the @entity1 . Of the @entity1 who had visual disturbance preoperatively, 8 @entity1 (73%) showed improvement, but 3 @entity1 suffered deterioration postoperatively. None of the @entity1 died. One @entity1 suffered transient @entity2414 and one @entity1 suffered mild @entity1183 postoperatively. Boost radiosurgery for the @entity41 was performed for six @entity1 and @entity5 growth control was able to be achieved in all @entity1 , with a median of 3.1 years follow-up period (ranging from 0.5 to 6 yrs). Five @entity1 with @entity5 regrowth or recurrence were treated by GKS. We recommend fronto-temporal craniotomy with nonradical resection for @entity1653 and radiosurgery for residual and recurrent @entity5 . This strategy will achieve good functional outcome with long-term @entity5 growth control.

title: [The surgical treatment strategy and results of XXXX in the era of radiosurgery].

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial numbness']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['parasellar meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disturbance']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['parasellar meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have approved updated dose recommendations for intravenous @entity3273 in @entity1 with various degrees of renal function. We assessed the recommendations in relation to their ability to achieve clinically relevant plasma @entity3273 concentrations. METHODS:    Pharmacokinetic data from 162 adult critically ill @entity1 ( @entity1011 clearance range, 5.4-211 mL/min) were used to determine the average steady-state plasma @entity3273 concentration (Css,avg) that would be achieved if each @entity1 received the FDA or EMA dose. Target attainment rates for FDA- and EMA-approved daily doses to achieve @entity3273 Css,avg of >= 0.5, >= 1, >= 2, and >= 4 mg/L were determined for each @entity1011 clearance category (>= 80 mL/min, 50 to <80 mL/min, 30 to <50 mL/min, and <30 mL/min). RESULTS:    For @entity1011 clearance <30 mL/min, 100% of @entity1 receiving the EMA dose achieved a @entity3273 Css,avg >= 1 mg/L, but the attainment rate was as low as 53.1% for @entity1 receiving the FDA-approved dose. For @entity3273 Css,avg >= 2 mg/L, the attainment rates were 87.5% with the EMA dose but only 6.3%-34.4% in @entity1 receiving the FDA dose. Differences in attainment rates for a @entity3273 Css,avg of >= 2 mg/L and >= 4 mg/L extended to @entity1 with @entity1011 clearance 30 to <50 mL/min. For @entity1 with @entity1011 clearance >= 80 mL/min, only approximately 65%-75% of @entity1 achieved a @entity3273 Css,avg of >= 1 mg/L with either set of recommendations. CONCLUSIONS:    The study highlights important differences between the FDA- and EMA-approved dose recommendations and informs the setting of clinical breakpoints. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION:    NCT00235690.

title: Updated US and European Dose Recommendations for Intravenous XXXX : How Do They Perform?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3273 :: (MESH:D003091,Chemical) :: ['Colistin']


abstract: The use of transgenic plants in the production of recombinant proteins for @entity1 therapy, including subunit vaccines, is being investigated to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these emerging biopharmaceutical products. We have previously shown that synthesis of recombinant glycoprotein B (gB) of @entity4538 can be targeted to seeds of transgenic @entity286 when directed by the @entity579 glutelin 3 promoter, with gB retaining critical features of immunological reactivity (E.S. Tackaberry et al. 1999. Vaccine, 17: 3020-3029). Here, we report development of second generation transgenic plant lines (T1) homozygous for the transgene. Twenty progeny plants from two lines ( @entity72292 (1)-2 and @entity72293 (1)-3) were grown underground in an environmentally contained mine shaft. Based on yields of gB in their seeds, the @entity72292 (1)-2 line was then selected for scale-up in the same facility. Analyses of mature seeds by ELISA showedthat gB specific activity in @entity72292 (1)-2 seeds was over 30-fold greater than the best T0 plants from the same transformation series, representing 1.07% total seed protein. These data demonstrate stable inheritance, an absence of transgene inactivation, and enhanced levels of gB expression in a homozygous second generation plant line. They also provide evidence for the suitability of using this environmentally secure facility to grow transgenic plants producing therapeutic biopharmaceuticals.

title: Increased yield of heterologous viral glycoprotein in the seeds of homozygous transgenic XXXX plants cultivated underground.

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['human cytomegalovirus']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: A recently developed animal model was used to study the effect of tympanostomy tubes (TTs) on the spontaneous development of @entity2266 media. In 35 @entity35 with soft-palate clefts a TT was inserted into the right tympanic membrane. The left ear was left intact. @entity1143 occurred in the attic space within 2 days after surgery, whether or not the @entity2172 ( @entity2172 ) was artificially ventilated. Between days 7 and 21 the intact-ear @entity2172 was gradually filled with effusion material that turned purulent. Effusion material did not develop in the mesotympanum and hypotympanum of the intubated ears. Microbiologic examination of the effusion material showed a microflora similar to that in the nasopharynx. Ventilation through a TT reduced the number of colonized MECs (4 vs. 10) on day 21. In the individual culture-positive @entity2172 with a TT there were fewer colonies than in the corresponding ear without a TT. These results support the contention that a TT may prevent the development of @entity2266 media.

title: Tympanostomy tubes for prevention of XXXX media.

entities_list: @entity2266 :: ('MESH:D010035', 'Disease') :: ['purulent otitis']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['MEC', 'middle ear cavity']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Serous effusion']

answer: @entity2266 :: (MESH:D010035,Disease) :: ['purulent otitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Verbal autopsies (VA) are increasingly used in low- and middle-income countries where most causes of @entity204 (COD) occur at home without medical attention, and home deaths differ substantially from hospital deaths. Hence, there is no plausible "standard" against which VAs for home deaths may be validated. Previous studies have shown contradictory performance of automated methods compared to physician-based classification of CODs. We sought to compare the performance of the classic naive Bayes classifier (NBC) versus existing automated classifiers, using physician-based classification as the reference. METHODS: We compared the performance of NBC, an @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ), and InterVA-4 on three datasets covering about 21,000 @entity1 and adult deaths: the ongoing Million Death Study in India, and health and demographic surveillance sites in Agincourt, South Africa and Matlab, Bangladesh. We applied several training and testing splits of the data to quantify the sensitivity and specificity compared to physician coding for individual CODs and to test the cause-specific mortality fractions at the population level. RESULTS: The NBC achieved comparable sensitivity (median 0.51, range 0.48-0.58) to @entity1538 (median 0.50, range 0.41-0.51), with InterVA-4 having lower sensitivity (median 0.43, range 0.36-0.47) in all three datasets, across all CODs. Consistency of CODs was comparable for NBC and InterVA-4 but lower for @entity1538 . NBC and @entity1538 achieved better performance when using a local rather than a non-local training dataset. At the population level, NBC scored the highest cause-specific mortality fraction accuracy across the datasets (median 0.88, range 0.87-0.93), followed by InterVA-4 (median 0.66, range 0.62-0.73) and @entity1538 (median 0.57, range 0.42-0.58). CONCLUSIONS: NBC outperforms current similar COD classifiers at the population level. Nevertheless, no current automated classifier adequately replicates physician classification for individual CODs. There is a need for further research on automated classifiers using local training and test data in diverse settings prior to recommending any replacement of physician-based classification of verbal autopsies.

title: Naive Bayes classifiers for verbal autopsies: comparison to physician-based classification for 21,000 XXXX and adult deaths.

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-source Tariff Method', 'OTM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of the pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle repair following volar plate fixation of @entity174 with special regards to the forearm pronation strength. During the early recovery period of 3  months, an improvement of pronation strength and functional scorings was hypothesized for the PQ repair when compared to no repair. METHODS: The inclusion criteria were (1) @entity1 or @entity1 between 18 and 80  years, (2) isolated, closed @entity174 of the distal radius, (3) A2 to B2 types of @entity174 according to the AO @entity174 classification system, (4) primary volar locking plate osteosynthesis. @entity1 were randomized to group A  =  PQ repair and group B  =  no repair. Follow-up examinations after 6 and 12  weeks included bilateral isometric pronation strength measurement, range of motion, the QuickDASH and the Mayo-Wrist-Score, and a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: 60 @entity1 (n  =  31 in group A and n  =  29 in group B) with an average age of 54  years (range 22-77  years) returned for both follow-up visits. The pronation strength measurements showed no significant differences between groups (PQ repair vs. no repair) neither at 6  weeks nor at 12  weeks. Additionally, no statistical significant differences were noted for ROM, QuickDASH-Score or Mayo-Wrist-Score. The VAS scoring revealed a significant decreased @entity158 level after PQ repair at 6  weeks postoperatively (p  =  0.017). CONCLUSION: An improved pronation strength after PQ repair in the early rehabilitation period could not be confirmed. However, the PQ repair might reduce @entity158 in the early postoperative period. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02595229 (ClinicalTrials.gov, registered 02 November 2015).

title: Pronator quadratus repair after volar plating of XXXX or not? Results of a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal radius fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radius fractures']


abstract: Ecchymotic patches on the fingers and @entity44759 in @entity55567 are two benign but recurrent clinical disorders occurring chiefly in young @entity1 . They involve superficial cutaneous hemorrhagic signs. Both disorders testify to @entity2100 without perturbation of general hemostasis. Diagnosis is easy for those familiar with the disorders. Ecchymotic episodes accompanied by @entity158 begin at the roots of the fingers. Microtraumatism is soon seen to be involved. Ecchymosis develops at the flexor muscles of the fingers but "capillary" resistance is only reduced in one third of cases. The pathogenic explanation involves rupture of a small post-capillary vein due to disorders in the control system of kinins and local metabolites. The autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome described in 1955 by Gardner and Diamond is characterized by painful and febrile episodes followed by purpuric and ecchymotic lesions of the skin on various parts of the body, but not necessarily on the legs. Dysneurotonic effects are frequent but diagnosis is based upon promotion of the disorder by intradermal or subcutaneous injection of a minimal quantity of autologous blood. Immunological effects are considered but the ailment involves @entity74 , notably of the capillary-vein segment, in particular at Copley's endo-endothelial fibrin film. Imbalance in fibrin formation and lysis is associated with perturbation of the kinin and @entity750 systems. In addition to the use of certain bioflavonoids and @entity460 inhibitors, prevention and treatment should involve consideration of drugs which affect plasticity in the vascular wall and pericapillary interstitial conjunctiva and the rheological properties of blood flow and interstitial tissue.

title: [Ecchymotic patches of the fingers and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity55567 :: ('MESH:C535645', 'Disease') :: ['Gardner-Diamond syndrome']

entities_list: @entity44759 :: ('MESH:C537256', 'Disease') :: ['vascular purpura']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular fragility']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular control disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['sharp pain']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity44759 :: (MESH:C537256,Disease) :: ['Gardner-Diamond vascular purpura']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new protocol of accelerated hemithoracic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) followed by extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) for @entity1 with resectable @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ). METHODS: A total of 25  Gy of radiation was delivered in 5 daily fractions over 1  week to the entire ipsilateral hemithorax with concomitant boost of 5  Gy to volumes at high risk based on computed tomography and positron emission tomography scan findings. EPP was performed at 6      2  days after the end of radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was offered to @entity1 with ypN2 disease. RESULTS: A total of 62 @entity1 were included between November 2008 and October 2014. One @entity1 died in the hospital 2  months after EPP, for an operative mortality of 1.6%, and 2 died after discharged from the hospital for an overall treatment-related mortality (grade 5 @entity137 ) of 4.8%. Twenty-four @entity1 (39%) developed grade 3 to 5 (grade 3+) complications. On final pathology, 94% of the @entity1 were stage III or IV, and 52% had ypN2 disease. The median survival for all @entity1 as an intention-to-treat analysis was 36  months. The median overall survival and disease-free survival was 51 and 47  months, respectively, in epithelial subtypes, compared with 10 and 8  months in biphasic subtypes (P  =  .001). Ipsilateral chest recurrence occurred in 8 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Accelerated hemithoracic IMRT followed by EPP has become our preferred approach for resectable @entity3620 . The results have been encouraging in @entity1 with epithelial subtype.

title: Accelerated hemithoracic radiation followed by extrapleural pneumonectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is an aggressive @entity1313 whose growth is driven by stem cell-like cells. @entity6861 signaling triggers cell-cycle exit and differentiation of @entity463 stem cells (GSCs) and, therefore, might have therapeutic value. However, the epigenetic mechanisms that accompany differentiation remain poorly defined. It is also unclear whether cell-cycle arrest is terminal. Here we find only a subset of GSC cultures exhibit astrocyte differentiation in response to @entity6861 . Although overtly differentiated non-cycling astrocytes are generated, they remain vulnerable to cell-cycle re-entry and fail to appropriately reconfigure DNA methylation patterns. Chromatin accessibility mapping identified loci that failed to alter in response to @entity6861 and these were enriched in SOX transcription factor-binding motifs. SOX transcription factors, therefore, may limit differentiation commitment. A similar propensity for cell-cycle re-entry and de-differentiation was observed in GSC-derived oligodendrocyte-like cells. These findings highlight significant obstacles to @entity6861 -induced differentiation as therapy for @entity463 .

title: XXXX Stem Cells Respond to Differentiation Cues but Fail to Undergo Commitment and Terminal Cell-Cycle Arrest.

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Glioblastoma', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['Glioblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a case of an acute @entity18767 caused by a ruptured @entity42 in a late twin pregnancy. DESIGN: Case report study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria. @entity1 (S): A @entity1 with a history of surgery for @entity46 and currently pregnant with dichorionic twins after IVF presented with acute @entity490 . INTERVENTION(S): Serial ultrasound assessment revealed a massive @entity18767 that was caused by a @entity42 . Emergency laparotomy was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Hemostasis. RESULT(S): Laparotomy led to operative hemostasis and preterm cesarean section of healthy twins at 27 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION(S): Endometriosis occurs in about 10% of @entity1 of reproductive age and carries an @entity249 rate of up to 50%. Severe @entity46 used to be a rare event in @entity1 with spontaneously conceived pregnancies. However, during the last decade, the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies has led to higher fertility rates in @entity1 with @entity46 and to a higher incidence of multiple gestations. Therefore, the number of pregnant @entity1 with @entity46 and associated complications may rise.

title: @entity42 causes acute XXXX in twin pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured endometriotic ovarian cyst', 'ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity18767 :: ('MESH:D006465', 'Disease') :: ['hemoperitoneum']

answer: @entity18767 :: (MESH:D006465,Disease) :: ['hemoperitoneum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a case of an acute @entity18767 caused by a ruptured @entity42 in a late twin pregnancy. DESIGN: Case report study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria. @entity1 (S): A @entity1 with a history of surgery for @entity46 and currently pregnant with dichorionic twins after IVF presented with acute @entity490 . INTERVENTION(S): Serial ultrasound assessment revealed a massive @entity18767 that was caused by a @entity42 . Emergency laparotomy was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Hemostasis. RESULT(S): Laparotomy led to operative hemostasis and preterm cesarean section of healthy twins at 27 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION(S): Endometriosis occurs in about 10% of @entity1 of reproductive age and carries an @entity249 rate of up to 50%. Severe @entity46 used to be a rare event in @entity1 with spontaneously conceived pregnancies. However, during the last decade, the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies has led to higher fertility rates in @entity1 with @entity46 and to a higher incidence of multiple gestations. Therefore, the number of pregnant @entity1 with @entity46 and associated complications may rise.

title: XXXX causes acute @entity18767 in twin pregnancy.

answer: @entity42 :: (MESH:D010048,Disease) :: ['Rupture of endometriotic ovarian cyst']


abstract: Our perception is facilitated if we know where and when a sensory stimulus will occur. This phenomenon is accounted for by spatial and temporal orienting of attention. Whereas spatial orienting of attention has repeatedly been shown to involve spatially specific modulations of ongoing oscillations within sensory cortex, it is not clear to what extent anticipatory modulations of ongoing oscillations are involved in temporal orienting of attention. To address this, we recorded magnetoencephalography while @entity1 @entity1 performed a tactile discrimination task. We cued @entity1 to the left or the right hand, after which a tactile stimulus was presented at one of several fixed @entity3948 . We thus assessed whether and how ongoing @entity426 are modulated during tactile anticipation. We provide evidence for three phenomena. First, orienting to an upcoming tactile event involves a spatially specific contralateral suppression of alpha- and @entity5357 within sensorimotor cortex. Second, this modulation is deployed with temporal specificity, and this is more pronounced for beta-band compared with alpha-band oscillations. Third, the contralateral suppression of @entity5357 is associated with faster responses to subsequently presented tactile stimuli. Control measures showed that these results cannot be explained by motor planning or execution. We conclude that the modulation of ongoing oscillations within sensory cortex reflects a unifying mechanism underlying both spatial and temporal orienting of attention.

title: Orienting attention to an upcoming tactile event involves a spatially and temporally specific modulation of sensorimotor alpha- and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['beta-band oscillations']

entities_list: @entity3948 :: ('MESH:C538521', 'Disease') :: ['temporal delays']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['sensorimotor oscillations']

answer: @entity5357 :: (MESH:D012497,Disease) :: ['beta-band oscillations']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We tested the effect of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) on neuronal remodeling of the corticospinal tract originating from the contralesional cortex in @entity19 subjected to unilateral pyramidotomy (PT) followed by @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). METHODS: Adult @entity19 with transgenic yellow fluorescent protein labeling in the corticospinal tract were subjected to right hemispheric PT and right permanent or sham @entity2500 . One day later, the @entity19 were treated intravenously with BMSCs or @entity1391 -buffered saline. A Foot-Fault test and a single pellet-reaching test were performed before surgery, 3 days after @entity2500 , and weekly thereafter. @entity4246 -614-monomeric red fluorescent protein was injected into the left forelimb flexor muscles 28 days after surgery (4 days before euthanasia). The brain and cervical cord were processed for fluorescent microscopy to detect red fluorescent protein and yellow fluorescent protein labeling, respectively. RESULTS: Significant functional improvements were evident in PT- @entity2500 @entity19 treated with BMSCs (n=9) compared with @entity1391 -buffered saline-treated @entity19 (n=9, P<0.05), but not in @entity19 with @entity2500 treated with either @entity1391 -buffered saline (n=9) or BMSCs (n=10). Furthermore, in PT- @entity2500 @entity19 , both corticospinal tract axonal density in the denervated side of the cervical gray matter and red fluorescent protein-labeled pyramidal neurons in the left intact cortex were significantly increased compared with @entity2500 @entity19 (P<0.05). BMSCs significantly enhanced both corticospinal tract density and red fluorescent protein labeling in PT- @entity2500 @entity19 (P<0.05) only. The behavioral outcome was highly correlated with corticospinal tract density and red fluorescent protein labeling. CONCLUSIONS: BMSCs amplify @entity64 -induced contralesional neuronal remodeling, which contributes to motor recovery after @entity64 .

title: Bone marrow stromal cells promote skilled motor recovery and enhance contralesional axonal connections after ischemic stroke in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4246 :: ('10345', 'Species') :: ['Pseudorabies virus']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'PT-sham MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of damage control surgery techniques has reduced mortality in critically injured @entity1 but at the cost of the open abdomen. With the option of delayed definitive management of @entity130 , the question of intestinal repair/ @entity254 or definitive stoma creation has been posed with no clear consensus. The purpose of this study was to determine outcomes on the basis of management of @entity130 in @entity1 relegated to the postinjury open abdomen. METHODS: @entity1 requiring an open abdomen after @entity130 from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2007 were reviewed. Type of bowel repair was categorized as immediate repair, immediate @entity254 , delayed @entity254 , stoma and a combination. Logistic regression was used to determine independent effect of risk factors on leak development. RESULTS: During the 6-year study period, 204 @entity1 suffered @entity130 and were managed with an open abdomen. The majority was @entity1 (77%) sustaining blunt @entity130 (66%) with a mean age of 37.1 years  1.2 years and median Injury Severity Score of 27 (interquartile range=20-41). Injury patterns included 81 (40%) small bowel, 37 (18%) colonic, and 86 (42%) combined injuries. Enteric injuries were managed with immediate repair (58), immediate @entity254 (15), delayed @entity254 (96), stoma (10), and a combination (22); three @entity1 died before definitive repair. Sixty-one @entity1 suffered @entity1320 : 35 (17%) abscesses, 15 (7%) leaks, and 11 (5%) enterocutaneous @entity292 . The majority of @entity1 with leaks had a delayed @entity254 ; one @entity1 had a right colon repair. Leak rate increased as one progresses toward the left colon (small bowel anastomoses, 3% leak rate; right colon, 3%; transverse colon, 20%; left colon, 45%). There were no differences in emergency department physiology, injury severity, transfusions, crystalloids, or demographic characteristics between @entity1 with and without leak. Leak cases had higher 12-hour heart rate (148 vs. 125, p=0.02) and higher 12-hour base deficit (13.7 vs. 9.7, p=0.04), suggesting persistent @entity1457 and consequent hypoperfusion were related to leak development. There was a significant trend toward higher incidence of leak with closure day (   for trend, p=0.01), with closure after day 5 having a four times higher likelihood of developing leak (3% vs. 12%, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Repair or @entity254 of @entity1944 should be considered in all @entity1 . However, leak rate increases with fascial closure beyond day 5 and with left-sided colonic anastomoses. Investigating the physiologic basis for intestinal vulnerability of the left colon and in the open abdomen is warranted.

title: Sew it up! A Western XXXX Association multi-institutional study of enteric injury management in the postinjury open abdomen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal complications']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['enteric injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to identify @entity378 transmission patterns in Castell  n in a period of major demographic changes. METHODS: A prospective study of @entity1 with positive culture in the province of Castellon over a 4-year period (2004-2007) was carried out. Cases were described by year and nationality and were compared with those reported to the Department of Public Health. We studied the population with available molecular patterns, identified through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and analyzed the variables from @entity1 clusters, based on data collected in surveys of the Department of Health and the Laboratory Management Program. RESULTS: According to data from the Department of Public Health, the overall rate of @entity378 per 100,000 inhabitants in the province of Castell  n was 15.7 in 2004, 19.9 in 2005, 18.2 in 2006 and 17.5 in 2007. In our laboratory, strains were identified from 301 @entity1 , representing 77% (301/390) of reported cases and 94% (301/321) of reported cases with a positive culture. The percentage of @entity378 among foreigners increased with age, exceeding 50% in 2007. Molecular studies were available in 95% of @entity1 (286); 58% were Spanish and 42% were foreigners, of whom 54% were Romanians. The cluster percentage was 40%, with 30% of mixed clusters. According to conventional contact studies, 85% of @entity1 in clusters had been considered isolated cases. CONCLUSIONS: The increased rate of @entity378 in Castell  n was mainly due to the increasing number of cases among foreigners, mostly Romanians. The availability of molecular studies in all @entity1 with a positive culture allowed us to analyze how and where @entity378 is transmitted in our province. Forty percent of the @entity1 were grouped into clusters; of these, mixed clusters accounted for one third, indicating the high integration of immigrants in our area.

title: [Influence of immigration on XXXX transmission patterns in Castell  n, Spain (2004-2007)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: There are many drugs described with very different affinity to a large number of receptors. In this work, we selected Drug-Target pairs (DTPs/nDTPs) of drugs with high affinity/non-affinity for different targets like proteins. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) models become a very useful tool in this context to substantially reduce time and resources consuming experiments. Unfortunately, most QSAR models predict activity against only one protein. To solve this problem, we developed here a multi-target QSAR (mt-QSAR) classifier using the MARCH-INSIDE technique to calculate structural parameters of drug and target plus one Artificial Neuronal Network (ANN) to seek the model. The best ANN model found is a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) with profile MLP 32:32-15-1:1. This MLP classifies correctly 623 out of 678 DTPs (Sensitivity = 91.89%) and 2995 out of 3234 nDTPs (Specificity = 92.61%), corresponding to training Accuracy = 92.48%. The validation of the model was carried out by means of external predicting series. The model classifies correctly 313 out of 338 DTPs (Sensitivity = 92.60%) and 1411 out of 1534 nDTP (Specificity = 91.98%) in validation series, corresponding to total Accuracy = 92.09% for validation series (Predictability). This model favorably compares with other LDA and ANN models developed in this work and Machine Learning classifiers published before to address the same problem in different aspects. These mt-QSARs offer also a good opportunity to construct drug-protein Complex Networks (CNs) that can be used to explore large and complex drug-protein receptors databases. Finally, we illustrated two practical uses of this model with two different experiments. In experiment 1, we report prediction, synthesis, characterization, and MAO-A and MAO-B pharmacological assay of 10 @entity22396 derivatives promising for anti-Parkinson drug design. In experiment 2, we report sampling, parasite culture, SEC and 1DE sample preparation, @entity215 and @entity15 / @entity15 analysis, MASCOT search, MM/MD 3D structure modeling, and QSAR prediction for different peptides of hemoglobin found in the proteome of the @entity1 parasite @entity8072 ; which is promising for anti-parasite drug targets discovery.

title: Using entropy of drug and protein graphs to predict FDA drug-target network: theoretic-experimental study of MAO inhibitors and hemoglobin peptides from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22396 :: ('MESH:C031967', 'Chemical') :: ['rasagiline']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['MALDI-TOF MS']

entities_list: @entity8072 :: ('6192', 'Species') :: ['Fasciola hepatica']

answer: @entity8072 :: (6192,Species) :: ['Fasciola hepatica']


abstract: @entity3932 consists of facial @entity600 (port-wine stain) and abnormal blood vessels in the brain or eye. @entity410 , @entity245 and @entity932 are principal concerns. We report a 28-year-old primiparous @entity1 at 41 weeks of gestation with @entity3932 who developed @entity425 , @entity2026 , blurred vision and @entity911 . Preeclampsia was excluded. Neuroimaging showed left sided @entity4 and a @entity75 , most likely an @entity2695 . Caesarean section was planned to avoid the risk of @entity397 during labour. General anesthesia was avoided due to the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and reports of @entity410 -related mortality. Despite the possibility of @entity428 and precipitation of @entity1779 , @entity616 was administered but failed. A @entity510 was successfully performed and a healthy @entity1 delivered. The choice of anaesthesia was strongly influenced by detailed radiological investigations and multidisciplinary participation.

title: Anaesthesia for caesarean section in a @entity1 with XXXX following acute neurological deterioration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial and airway angiomata']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['right parieto-occipital lesion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral oedema']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid block']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral weakness']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['capillary malformation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['angioma rupture']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral herniation']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['a lumbar epidural block']

answer: @entity3932 :: (MESH:D013341,Disease) :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']


abstract: @entity3932 consists of facial @entity600 (port-wine stain) and abnormal blood vessels in the brain or eye. @entity410 , @entity245 and @entity932 are principal concerns. We report a 28-year-old primiparous @entity1 at 41 weeks of gestation with @entity3932 who developed @entity425 , @entity2026 , blurred vision and @entity911 . Preeclampsia was excluded. Neuroimaging showed left sided @entity4 and a @entity75 , most likely an @entity2695 . Caesarean section was planned to avoid the risk of @entity397 during labour. General anesthesia was avoided due to the haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and reports of @entity410 -related mortality. Despite the possibility of @entity428 and precipitation of @entity1779 , @entity616 was administered but failed. A @entity510 was successfully performed and a healthy @entity1 delivered. The choice of anaesthesia was strongly influenced by detailed radiological investigations and multidisciplinary participation.

title: Anaesthesia for caesarean section in a XXXX with @entity3932 following acute neurological deterioration.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']