abstract: Ovarian vascular Doppler is a promising screening test for early @entity43 detection. However, disagreements on flow indices used, flow signal shapes and ovarian vessel localization cause continuing controversy. We aimed at clarifying some of this confusion by directly measuring the adnexal arterial blood flow during laparotomy. A 10-MHz continuous Doppler probe was used to examine adnexal vessels in 24 @entity1 undergoing laparotomy for benign gynecological pathology. Resistance (RI) and pulsatility (PI) indices were calculated for each vessel and the shape of the flow signals was noted. The tubal arteries showed a low-velocity flow pattern with relatively high end-diastolic flow when compared to the ovarian artery signals obtained from the infundibulopelvic ligament.The mean RIs for the tubal @entity2670 in the infundibulopelvic ligament were 0.59 +/- 0.02 and 0.73 +/- 0.02, respectively. The mean PIs for the @entity2670 in the infundibulopelvic ligament were 1.11 +/- 0.09 and 1.53 +/- 0.1, respectively. The tubal artery showed a significantly lower RI and PI when compared to the @entity2670 at the infundibulopelvic ligament (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively) and its hilar branches (p = 0.03 for RI and p = 0.03 for PI). We conclude that tubal artery flow signals, which are measured directly for the first time in this study, are characteristic and are distinct from the ovarian artery signals. Tubal artery signals might be erroneously picked up during transvaginal color Doppler sonography of the ovaries, especially in the presence of conditions causing a decreased impedance to blood flow in the pelvis, such as @entity43 . Recognizing the flow signal from the tubal artery may help in differentiating @entity43 during color Doppler sonography.

title: The characterization of flow signals from XXXX using intraoperative continuous wave Doppler.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian and tubal vessels detected', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['tubal and ovarian artery', 'artery and ovarian artery', 'ipsilateral ovarian artery']

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['tubal and ovarian arteries']


abstract: Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are generated in vitro by the incubation of normal @entity19 splenocytes in @entity2047 . We have shown previously that the systemic injection of LAK cells in conjunction with recombinant @entity2047 can reduce the number of established pulmonary @entity3 in @entity19 . In an attempt to study this approach in the treatment of hepatic @entity3 , we developed a technique for the induction of hepatic @entity3 in @entity19 based on the intrasplenic injection of @entity5 cells and have tested the effects of LAK cells and recombinant @entity2047 produced in @entity526 ( @entity27262 ) therapy on these @entity3 . Treatment with LAK cells alone in 14 consecutive experiments rarely produced significant reduction in @entity3 over control (mean percentage reduction, 12%). Therapy with @entity27262 alone produced a dose-dependent @entity409 . In 20 consecutive experiments when @entity27262 was administered i.p. three times a day at doses varying from 1,000 to 5,000, 10,000 to 15,000, and 25,000 units, a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in liver @entity3 was seen in 2 of 12, 2 of 4, and 8 of 12 determinations, respectively (percentage reduction, 0 to 97; mean, 42%). At doses greater than 25,000 units, the reduction in @entity3 was highly reproducible (percentage reduction, 66 to 95; mean, 83%) and was statistically significant in 14 of 14 determinations. When LAK cells were given i.v. in addition to @entity27262 administration in 16 consecutive experiments, the percentage reduction in liver @entity3 was markedly increased over that seen with @entity27262 alone (mean percentage reduction, 77% at doses of 5,000 to 25,000 units of @entity27262 and mean reduction, 97% for doses greater than 25,000 units of @entity27262 ). At doses of 5,000, 10,000, 25,000, and greater than 25,000 units of @entity27262 plus LAK cells, significant reduction of liver @entity3 (P less than 0.05) was achieved in 3 of 7, 2 of 2, 8 of 8, and 6 of 6 determinations, respectively. When animals were given fresh splenocytes or splenocytes cultured in complete medium without @entity27262 instead of LAK cells, no reduction in liver @entity3 was seen except for that attributable to the administration of @entity27262 alone. Sublethal total body irradiation of the @entity19 prior to therapy abrogated the therapeutic effects of @entity27262 , but the effects of treatment with LAK cells plus @entity27262 were maintained. Thus, treatment with @entity27262 alone or in combination with LAK cells is effective in reducing the number of established hepatic micrometastases in a @entity19 model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Successful immunotherapy of @entity19 experimental hepatic @entity3 with lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in the number of liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin 2']


abstract: Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are generated in vitro by the incubation of normal @entity19 splenocytes in @entity2047 . We have shown previously that the systemic injection of LAK cells in conjunction with recombinant @entity2047 can reduce the number of established pulmonary @entity3 in @entity19 . In an attempt to study this approach in the treatment of hepatic @entity3 , we developed a technique for the induction of hepatic @entity3 in @entity19 based on the intrasplenic injection of @entity5 cells and have tested the effects of LAK cells and recombinant @entity2047 produced in @entity526 ( @entity27262 ) therapy on these @entity3 . Treatment with LAK cells alone in 14 consecutive experiments rarely produced significant reduction in @entity3 over control (mean percentage reduction, 12%). Therapy with @entity27262 alone produced a dose-dependent @entity409 . In 20 consecutive experiments when @entity27262 was administered i.p. three times a day at doses varying from 1,000 to 5,000, 10,000 to 15,000, and 25,000 units, a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in liver @entity3 was seen in 2 of 12, 2 of 4, and 8 of 12 determinations, respectively (percentage reduction, 0 to 97; mean, 42%). At doses greater than 25,000 units, the reduction in @entity3 was highly reproducible (percentage reduction, 66 to 95; mean, 83%) and was statistically significant in 14 of 14 determinations. When LAK cells were given i.v. in addition to @entity27262 administration in 16 consecutive experiments, the percentage reduction in liver @entity3 was markedly increased over that seen with @entity27262 alone (mean percentage reduction, 77% at doses of 5,000 to 25,000 units of @entity27262 and mean reduction, 97% for doses greater than 25,000 units of @entity27262 ). At doses of 5,000, 10,000, 25,000, and greater than 25,000 units of @entity27262 plus LAK cells, significant reduction of liver @entity3 (P less than 0.05) was achieved in 3 of 7, 2 of 2, 8 of 8, and 6 of 6 determinations, respectively. When animals were given fresh splenocytes or splenocytes cultured in complete medium without @entity27262 instead of LAK cells, no reduction in liver @entity3 was seen except for that attributable to the administration of @entity27262 alone. Sublethal total body irradiation of the @entity19 prior to therapy abrogated the therapeutic effects of @entity27262 , but the effects of treatment with LAK cells plus @entity27262 were maintained. Thus, treatment with @entity27262 alone or in combination with LAK cells is effective in reducing the number of established hepatic micrometastases in a @entity19 model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Successful immunotherapy of @entity19 experimental hepatic XXXX with lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant @entity2047 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are generated in vitro by the incubation of normal @entity19 splenocytes in @entity2047 . We have shown previously that the systemic injection of LAK cells in conjunction with recombinant @entity2047 can reduce the number of established pulmonary @entity3 in @entity19 . In an attempt to study this approach in the treatment of hepatic @entity3 , we developed a technique for the induction of hepatic @entity3 in @entity19 based on the intrasplenic injection of @entity5 cells and have tested the effects of LAK cells and recombinant @entity2047 produced in @entity526 ( @entity27262 ) therapy on these @entity3 . Treatment with LAK cells alone in 14 consecutive experiments rarely produced significant reduction in @entity3 over control (mean percentage reduction, 12%). Therapy with @entity27262 alone produced a dose-dependent @entity409 . In 20 consecutive experiments when @entity27262 was administered i.p. three times a day at doses varying from 1,000 to 5,000, 10,000 to 15,000, and 25,000 units, a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in liver @entity3 was seen in 2 of 12, 2 of 4, and 8 of 12 determinations, respectively (percentage reduction, 0 to 97; mean, 42%). At doses greater than 25,000 units, the reduction in @entity3 was highly reproducible (percentage reduction, 66 to 95; mean, 83%) and was statistically significant in 14 of 14 determinations. When LAK cells were given i.v. in addition to @entity27262 administration in 16 consecutive experiments, the percentage reduction in liver @entity3 was markedly increased over that seen with @entity27262 alone (mean percentage reduction, 77% at doses of 5,000 to 25,000 units of @entity27262 and mean reduction, 97% for doses greater than 25,000 units of @entity27262 ). At doses of 5,000, 10,000, 25,000, and greater than 25,000 units of @entity27262 plus LAK cells, significant reduction of liver @entity3 (P less than 0.05) was achieved in 3 of 7, 2 of 2, 8 of 8, and 6 of 6 determinations, respectively. When animals were given fresh splenocytes or splenocytes cultured in complete medium without @entity27262 instead of LAK cells, no reduction in liver @entity3 was seen except for that attributable to the administration of @entity27262 alone. Sublethal total body irradiation of the @entity19 prior to therapy abrogated the therapeutic effects of @entity27262 , but the effects of treatment with LAK cells plus @entity27262 were maintained. Thus, treatment with @entity27262 alone or in combination with LAK cells is effective in reducing the number of established hepatic micrometastases in a @entity19 model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Successful immunotherapy of XXXX experimental hepatic @entity3 with lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant @entity2047 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ), primary @entity1779 (pICH) and primary @entity510 (pSAH) remains a highly demanding challenge in critical care medicine. Antithrombotic agents are one of the most relevant risk factors for poor outcome. However, in the acute setting of @entity1545 , information on preexisting medication might not be available. This group of @entity1 is insufficiently characterized regarding pharmacologically induced @entity1423 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive @entity1 with @entity131 , pICH and pSAH admitted to our department with unknown preexisting medication. The impact of @entity117 and @entity857 -receptor antagonists on platelet function was tested via the Multiplate analyzer. @entity1 ' characteristics, management and the influence of @entity1423 on outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Within 25  months 103 @entity1 with @entity131 (61), pICH (32) or pSAH (10) and unknown antithrombotic medication were admitted to our department. In 54 (52.4  %) of the @entity1 reduced platelet function was detected, mainly caused by @entity117 . In the @entity131 group, 30 @entity1 (49.2  %) were identified, while Multiplate analysis detected @entity1423 in 19 (59.4  %) subjects in the pICH group and 5 in the pSAH group (50  %). In multivariable analysis the pathological Multiplate result was not associated with worse outcome; however, in our cohort 47 (87  %) @entity1 received hemostatic therapy following detection of impaired platelet function. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the high frequency of pharmacologically impaired platelet function in @entity1 with unknown preexisting medication. Early assessment of platelet function is an important tool to allow optimized treatment in these @entity1 .

title: High prevalence of pharmacologically induced XXXX in the acute setting of @entity1545 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet dysfunction', 'platelet impairment']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ), primary @entity1779 (pICH) and primary @entity510 (pSAH) remains a highly demanding challenge in critical care medicine. Antithrombotic agents are one of the most relevant risk factors for poor outcome. However, in the acute setting of @entity1545 , information on preexisting medication might not be available. This group of @entity1 is insufficiently characterized regarding pharmacologically induced @entity1423 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive @entity1 with @entity131 , pICH and pSAH admitted to our department with unknown preexisting medication. The impact of @entity117 and @entity857 -receptor antagonists on platelet function was tested via the Multiplate analyzer. @entity1 ' characteristics, management and the influence of @entity1423 on outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: Within 25  months 103 @entity1 with @entity131 (61), pICH (32) or pSAH (10) and unknown antithrombotic medication were admitted to our department. In 54 (52.4  %) of the @entity1 reduced platelet function was detected, mainly caused by @entity117 . In the @entity131 group, 30 @entity1 (49.2  %) were identified, while Multiplate analysis detected @entity1423 in 19 (59.4  %) subjects in the pICH group and 5 in the pSAH group (50  %). In multivariable analysis the pathological Multiplate result was not associated with worse outcome; however, in our cohort 47 (87  %) @entity1 received hemostatic therapy following detection of impaired platelet function. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the high frequency of pharmacologically impaired platelet function in @entity1 with unknown preexisting medication. Early assessment of platelet function is an important tool to allow optimized treatment in these @entity1 .

title: High prevalence of pharmacologically induced @entity1423 in the acute setting of XXXX .

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Considerable evidence demonstrates that @entity51 are prevalent in @entity162 during both acute @entity2749 and euthymia. However, it is less clear whether these cognitive disturbances are state- or trait-related. We here present the first longitudinal study employing a within-subject pre- and post-testing examining acutely admitted bipolar @entity1 (BP) in @entity308 or @entity162 and during euthymia, aiming to identify cognitive performance from acute illness to remission. Cognitive performance was measured during acute @entity2749 and repeated after at least 3  months of remission. To do so, 55 BP (35 @entity308 , 20 hypo-/ @entity162 ) and 55 healthy controls (HC) were tested with a neuropsychological test battery (attention, working memory, verbal memory, executive functioning). The results showed @entity73 in acutely ill BP compared to HC: @entity308 @entity1 showed a characteristic @entity1155 , while @entity162 @entity1 had severe deficits in executive functioning. Twenty-nine remitted BP could be measured in the follow-up (dropout rate 48  %), whose cognitive functions partially recovered, whereas working @entity2414 were still impaired. However, we found that subthreshold @entity308 and persisting @entity25 in euthymic BP were associated with reduced speed, @entity2414 , while working memory was correlated with @entity716 (lifetime). This result indicates working memory as trait related for a subgroup of BP with @entity716 . In contrast, attention and verbal memory are negatively influenced by state factors like residual symptoms, which should be more considered as possible confounders in the search of cognitive endophenotypes in remitted BP.

title: @entity73 in XXXX : from acute episode to remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['global impairments']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological deficits']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor slowing']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in attention and verbal memory', 'memory and verbal memory']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Considerable evidence demonstrates that @entity51 are prevalent in @entity162 during both acute @entity2749 and euthymia. However, it is less clear whether these cognitive disturbances are state- or trait-related. We here present the first longitudinal study employing a within-subject pre- and post-testing examining acutely admitted bipolar @entity1 (BP) in @entity308 or @entity162 and during euthymia, aiming to identify cognitive performance from acute illness to remission. Cognitive performance was measured during acute @entity2749 and repeated after at least 3  months of remission. To do so, 55 BP (35 @entity308 , 20 hypo-/ @entity162 ) and 55 healthy controls (HC) were tested with a neuropsychological test battery (attention, working memory, verbal memory, executive functioning). The results showed @entity73 in acutely ill BP compared to HC: @entity308 @entity1 showed a characteristic @entity1155 , while @entity162 @entity1 had severe deficits in executive functioning. Twenty-nine remitted BP could be measured in the follow-up (dropout rate 48  %), whose cognitive functions partially recovered, whereas working @entity2414 were still impaired. However, we found that subthreshold @entity308 and persisting @entity25 in euthymic BP were associated with reduced speed, @entity2414 , while working memory was correlated with @entity716 (lifetime). This result indicates working memory as trait related for a subgroup of BP with @entity716 . In contrast, attention and verbal memory are negatively influenced by state factors like residual symptoms, which should be more considered as possible confounders in the search of cognitive endophenotypes in remitted BP.

title: XXXX in @entity162 : from acute episode to remission.

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive deficits']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic (LAP) colectomy is now the "gold" standard for @entity4436 ; the role of @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ) and Open methods today is unclear. This study assessed the elective use of these methods for @entity4436 . METHODS: A retrospective review of demographic, comorbidity (Carlson Comorbidity Index [CCI]), resection type, and short-term outcomes was carried out. RESULTS: There were 125 (44.5%) LAP, 125 (44.5%) @entity8566 , and 31 (11%) Open cases (overall N = 281). The mean age, body mass index, and percentage of high-risk @entity1 (CCI score >2) of the @entity8566 group were greater (P < .05) than the LAP group (vs Open, P = ns). The Open group's mean age and percent with CCI >2 was greater when compared with the LAP group (P < .05). More Open (P < .05) and @entity8566 @entity1 had complex disease (Open, 63%; @entity8566 , 40%, LAP, 22%) and were diverted (Open, 35%; @entity8566 , 10%; LAP, 3%). Time to bowel movement was not different; however, there was a stepwise increase in median length of stay (LOS; days) from the LAP (5 days) to @entity8566 (6 days) to Open group (7 days) (P < .05 for all). The LAP complication rate (22.4%) was lower (P < .05) than the @entity8566 (42.4%) or Open groups' (45.2%) rates. The LAP surgical site infection rate (5.6%) was lower (P < .05) than the @entity8566 (12.8%) or Open groups (19.6%). CONCLUSION: The @entity8566 and Open groups had more high risk, complex disease, diverted, and older @entity1 than the LAP group; likewise, the overall complication rate and LOS was higher in the @entity8566 and Open groups. Use of @entity8566 methods likely contributed to the high minimally invasive surgery utilization rate (89%).

title: Surgical Treatment of XXXX : Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Resection Is Predominantly Used for Complex Cases and Is Associated With Increased Postoperative Complications and Prolonged Hospitalization.

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['HAL', 'hand-assisted LAP']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity4436 :: (MESH:D004238,Disease) :: ['Diverticulitis']


abstract: A series of 24 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4034 of the tibia and soft tissue defects were treated according to the principle of radical excision of the infected bone together with transposition of @entity121 and primary skin cover as a one-stage procedure. External fixation was used for stabilization of bone. The mean duration of @entity4034 before radical operation was 72 weeks and the previous stay in hospital averaged 15 weeks. Twenty-one @entity1 had previously undergone 3.7 operations because of the @entity281 . @entity794 was cultured in 50% of the @entity1 , while no bacteria could be identified in six patients. Appropriate antibiotics were given for an average of eight weeks. In four @entity1 a secondary bone transplant and in three @entity1 another skin transplant was necessary. One @entity1 refusing further reconstructive surgery insisted on an above-knee amputation because of persisting @entity281 . After an average observation time of 2 1/2 years no @entity281 or instability of the tibia could be demonstrated, but one @entity1 showed two small skin defects. These results indicate that radical excision of infected bone in combination with muscle transposition and primary skin cover is effective in the treatment of posttraumatic @entity4034 of the tibia.

title: Muscle transposition for treatment of XXXX of the tibia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flaps']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: The following summary of the physiologic and epidemiologic evidence may help the clinician in making decisions when caring for @entity1 with ISH: ISH is predominantly found in older age groups, being present in 1% to 4% of the population under age 40, 10% to 15% between ages 60 and 70, and 25% to 30% over age 70. ISH is more prevalent in @entity1 than in @entity1 . The development of ISH in the aged is associated with a decrease in arterial compliance. The relationship whereby ISH is both a cause and a result of @entity731 vessels needs further delineation. Neurohumoral factors also have a part in determining arterial compliance. An elevated @entity13519 is an important contributor to the risk of developing @entity453 , and in @entity1 over 45 years old it is a more powerful predictor of coronary events than @entity13520 . @entity13519 is a better discriminator of risk for @entity64 at all ages than @entity13520 is. The relative risk in @entity1 with ISH for the development of @entity453 and @entity64 is two to five times that of normotensive @entity1 , but is no worse than the risk for these events among treated @entity101 . Although the relative risk of ISH is not strikingly large, the high prevalence of ISH among aged individuals, the increasing size of the population over 65 years old, and the high incidence rate of cardiovascular events in the aged give ISH a sizable attributable risk in the population (13 to 28 deaths per 1,000 individuals). It remains to be shown that lowering @entity13519 in ISH removes the risk of ISH. Studies are needed that monitor the costs and adverse effects of therapy as well as the possible benefits when a condition such as ISH is most commonly seen in the aged.

title: Isolated systolic XXXX : how common? How risky?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Phytobezoars are a rare cause of @entity697 . The aim of this work was to identify the diagnostic difficulties and treatment of this rare entity. METHODS: Data of 14 @entity1 operated between January 1999-January 2009 with small bowel phytobezoar were retrospectively studied. The @entity1 (n=432) were treated in our clinic for @entity1744 . Of these, 14 (3.2%) phytobezoar-induced @entity1744 were included in this series. Median @entity1 age was 57.25 years; nine (64%) of the @entity1 were male, and five (36%) were female. RESULTS: The predisposing factor was previous gastric surgery in 12 (87.5%) @entity1 and previous abdominal surgery and total absence of the teeth in two (14.3%) @entity1 . A completely obstructing @entity4628 was found in nine (64%) @entity1 and @entity10780 in five (36%) @entity1 during exploration. There was no mortality. CONCLUSION: Phytobezoar-induced @entity1744 remains an uncommon diagnosis that poses a diagnostic and management challenge. It should be suspected in @entity1 with an increased risk of bezoar formation, such as in the presence of previous gastric surgery, poor dentition or a history suggestive of increased fiber intake.

title: A rare cause of acute abdomen: XXXX due to phytobezoar.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity10780 :: ('MESH:D007579', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal phytobezoar']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['terminal ileal phytobezoar']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction', 'small bowel obstructions']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['small bowel obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fall from height is one of the important causes of @entity85 . Fall from walnut trees constitutes an important entity that leads to a significant mortality and morbidity amongst those engaged in fruit collection. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of different @entity85 in these victims and to highlight the importance of recognizing this incident as an @entity5281 . METHODS: A retrospective study of all @entity1 admitted to the Orthopedic Department of the Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) Medical College from January 2003 to December 2007 was conducted. The medical records were studied for the different types of @entity130 , associated @entity130 and delay in the referral of @entity1 . RESULTS: 94% of falls occurred from August to October. Of the 115 @entity1 , 63 (54.7%) had associated non-orthopedic @entity130 . @entity542 was the most common associated injury, presenting in 34 @entity1 (29.5%). Thoracolumbar (16.5%), calcaneum (10.5%) and distal radius (8.7%) @entity174 constituted the common @entity174 encountered in the victims. CONCLUSION: Walnut tree @entity130 mostly involve young males who form the productive group of the population. Being a seasonal injury, it puts a considerable load on the health resources of the region over a small period of time.

title: Walnut tree falls as a cause of XXXX --a study from a tertiary care center in Kashmir.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injury']

entities_list: @entity5281 :: ('MESH:D060051', 'Disease') :: ['occupational injury']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bony injuries', 'injuries']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal injury']


abstract: Trypanosome stocks isolated from bats (Chiroptera) and belonging to the subgenus Schizotrypanum were analyzed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) at 22 loci, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with 14 primers and/or cytochrome b @entity377 sequence. Bat trypanosomes belonged to the species @entity1527 marinkellei (10 stocks), @entity1527 dionisii (four stocks) and @entity1527 vespertilionis (three stocks). One T. rangeli stock and seven stocks of @entity1527 sensu stricto, the agent of @entity1526 , were included for comparison. The homology of several RAPD fragments shared by distinct species was verified by hybridization. The sequence of a 516- @entity377 portion of the maxicircle-encoded cytochrome b (CYb) coding region was determined in representative stocks of the species under study. Phylogenetic analysis of the data confirmed the previous taxonomic attribution of these bat trypanosomes based on biological, epidemiological and ecological features. However, a new finding was that within @entity1527 marinkellei two major subdivisions could be distinguished, T.c.m. I, found in the spear-nose bats Phyllostomus discolor and Phyllostomus hastatus, and T.c.m. II, from P. discolor. In addition, the T. c. marinkellei 'Z' stock from a short-tailed bat (Carollia perspicillata) was distantly related to these two subdivisions, and the monophyly of T. c. marinkellei is unclear based on the present data. Based on the present sample, the European species T. dionisii and T. vespertilionis appeared to be more homogeneous. RAPD and CYb data both suggested the monophyly of a group composed of @entity1527 and the two major subdivisions of @entity1527 marinkellei. This study shows that MLEE, RAPD and CYb can be used for taxonomic assignment and provide valuable phylogenetic information for strains and taxa within the subgenus Schizotrypanum. An evolutionary scenario in which the broad host-range parasite @entity1527 would be derived from a bat-restricted trypanosome ancestor is discussed.

title: Phylogenetic diversity of bat trypanosomes of subgenus Schizotrypanum based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, random amplified polymorphic DNA, and cytochrome b XXXX sequence analyses.

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'Trypanosoma', 'T. cruzi']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: Therapy-related @entity5 (t-MNs) are serious long-term consequences of cytotoxic treatments for an antecedent disorder. t-MNs are observed after ionizing radiation as well as conventional chemotherapy including alkylating agents, topoisomerase-II-inhibitors and antimetabolites. In addition, adjuvant use of recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 may also increase the risk of t-MNs. There is clinical and biological overlap between t-MNs and high-risk de novo @entity2590 and @entity3052 suggesting similar mechanisms of leukaemogenesis. @entity1 studies and animal models point to a prominent role of genetic susceptibilty in the pathogenesis of t-MNs. Common genetic variants have been identified that modulate t-MN risk, and t-MNs have been observed in some @entity5 . In either case, establishing a leukaemic phenotype requires acquisition of somatic mutations - most likely induced by the cytotoxic treatment. Knowledge of the specific nature of the initiating exposure has allowed the identification of crucial pathogenetic mechanisms and for these to be modelled in vitro and in vivo. Prognosis of @entity1 with t-MNs is dismal and at present, the only curative approach for the majority of these individuals is haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is characterized by high transplant-related mortality rates. Novel transplantation strategies using reduced intensity conditioning regimens as well as novel drugs - demethylating agents and targeted therapies - await clinical testing and may improve outcome. Ultimately, individual assessment of genetic risk factors may translate into tailored therapies and establish a strategy for reducing t-MN incidences without jeopardizing therapeutic success rates for the @entity74 .

title: Therapy-related XXXX : pathobiology and clinical characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer predisposition syndromes', 'myeloid neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['primary disorders']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['myeloid neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A polymethylmethacrylate-collagen filler is generally believed to give long-term benefits, but the risk of @entity738 formation over time remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity738 formation and response to treatment and assess the degree of @entity1 satisfaction over 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adults seeking correction of nasolabial folds underwent up to 3 injection sessions over 2 months. Subjects were then queried regularly for the development of signs and symptoms of a @entity738 . Any positive responses were evaluated, and lesions suspicious for @entity738 were confirmed by biopsy. @entity738 were treated at the discretion of the investigator. Subjects also completed regular satisfaction questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 1,008 subjects were enrolled and 871 completed the full 5 years of the study. A biopsy-confirmed @entity738 developed in 1.7% of subjects. Almost all @entity738 responded to treatment. At study exit, 0.9% of subjects had an unresolved @entity738 . @entity1 satisfaction remained high throughout the duration of the study. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity738 formation with a polymethylmethacrylate-collagen dermal filler is low, and almost all lesions are manageable with simple therapeutic measures. @entity1 satisfaction remains durable over 5 years. @entity4625 -collagen offers a well-characterized and very favorable risk/benefit profile.

title: Five-Year Safety and Satisfaction Study of XXXX -Collagen in the Correction of Nasolabial Folds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['Polymethylmethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomas', 'granulomas', 'granuloma']

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['PMMA']


abstract: Importance: Intracranial @entity2791 ( @entity6249 ) may coexist. There are limited data on the frequency and risk factors for coexistent @entity6249 and the effect of @entity6249 on @entity64 recurrence in @entity1 receiving medical treatment for ICAS. Objective: To investigate the frequency and risk factors for @entity6249 and the effect of @entity6249 on @entity64 recurrence in @entity1 with ICAS. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : A post hoc analysis of the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent @entity64 (SAMMPRIS) study, a prospective, multicenter clinical trial. Among 451 @entity1 , 313 (69.4%) had baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging scans read centrally for @entity6249 that was defined by any of the following: old @entity1188 , grade 2 to 3 on the Fazekas scale (for high-grade @entity62 ), or microbleeds. @entity1 enrollment in SAMMPRIS began November 25, 2008, and follow-up ended on April 30, 2013. Data analysis for the present study was performed from May 13, 2014, to July 29, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures: Risk factors in @entity1 with vs without @entity6249 and the association between @entity6249 and other baseline risk factors with any @entity385 and @entity385 in the territory of the stenotic artery determined using proportional hazards regression. Results: Of 313 @entity1 , 155 individuals (49.5%) had @entity6249 noted on baseline magnetic resonance imaging. Variables that were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity6249 , reported as mean (SD), included age, 63.5 (10.5) years (P   <   .001), systolic blood pressure, 149 (22) mm Hg (P   <   .001), @entity413 level, 130 (50) mg/dL (P   =   .03), and lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (median, >= 24 [interquartile range, 20-26]; P   =   .02).Other significant variables were the number of @entity1 with @entity6 (88 of 155 [56.8%]; P   =   .003), @entity453 (46 [29.7%]; P   =   .004), @entity64 before the qualifying event (59 [38.1%]; P   <   .001), old @entity1188 in the territory of the stenotic intracranial artery (88 [56.8%]; P   <   .001), and receiving antithrombotic therapy at the time of the qualifying event (109 [70.3%]; P   =   .005). The association between @entity6249 and any @entity385 was nearly significant in the direction of a higher risk (18 [23.7%]); P   =   .07) for @entity1 with @entity6249 . On bivariate analysis, @entity6249 was not associated with an increased risk on multivariable analyses (hazard ratio, 1.7 [95% CI, 0.8-3.8]; P   =   .20). In addition, @entity6249 was not associated with an increased risk of @entity64 in the territory on either bivariate or multivariable analyses. Conclusions and Relevance: Although @entity6249 is common in @entity1 with ICAS, the presence of @entity6249 on baseline magnetic resonance imaging is not independently associated with an increased risk of @entity64 in @entity1 with ICAS. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00576693.

title: Frequency, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Coexistent Small Vessel Disease and Intracranial @entity2791 : Results From the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent XXXX (SAMMPRIS) Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis (ICAS) and small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'lacunar infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis']


abstract: Importance: Intracranial @entity2791 ( @entity6249 ) may coexist. There are limited data on the frequency and risk factors for coexistent @entity6249 and the effect of @entity6249 on @entity64 recurrence in @entity1 receiving medical treatment for ICAS. Objective: To investigate the frequency and risk factors for @entity6249 and the effect of @entity6249 on @entity64 recurrence in @entity1 with ICAS. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : A post hoc analysis of the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent @entity64 (SAMMPRIS) study, a prospective, multicenter clinical trial. Among 451 @entity1 , 313 (69.4%) had baseline brain magnetic resonance imaging scans read centrally for @entity6249 that was defined by any of the following: old @entity1188 , grade 2 to 3 on the Fazekas scale (for high-grade @entity62 ), or microbleeds. @entity1 enrollment in SAMMPRIS began November 25, 2008, and follow-up ended on April 30, 2013. Data analysis for the present study was performed from May 13, 2014, to July 29, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures: Risk factors in @entity1 with vs without @entity6249 and the association between @entity6249 and other baseline risk factors with any @entity385 and @entity385 in the territory of the stenotic artery determined using proportional hazards regression. Results: Of 313 @entity1 , 155 individuals (49.5%) had @entity6249 noted on baseline magnetic resonance imaging. Variables that were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity6249 , reported as mean (SD), included age, 63.5 (10.5) years (P   <   .001), systolic blood pressure, 149 (22) mm Hg (P   <   .001), @entity413 level, 130 (50) mg/dL (P   =   .03), and lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (median, >= 24 [interquartile range, 20-26]; P   =   .02).Other significant variables were the number of @entity1 with @entity6 (88 of 155 [56.8%]; P   =   .003), @entity453 (46 [29.7%]; P   =   .004), @entity64 before the qualifying event (59 [38.1%]; P   <   .001), old @entity1188 in the territory of the stenotic intracranial artery (88 [56.8%]; P   <   .001), and receiving antithrombotic therapy at the time of the qualifying event (109 [70.3%]; P   =   .005). The association between @entity6249 and any @entity385 was nearly significant in the direction of a higher risk (18 [23.7%]); P   =   .07) for @entity1 with @entity6249 . On bivariate analysis, @entity6249 was not associated with an increased risk on multivariable analyses (hazard ratio, 1.7 [95% CI, 0.8-3.8]; P   =   .20). In addition, @entity6249 was not associated with an increased risk of @entity64 in the territory on either bivariate or multivariable analyses. Conclusions and Relevance: Although @entity6249 is common in @entity1 with ICAS, the presence of @entity6249 on baseline magnetic resonance imaging is not independently associated with an increased risk of @entity64 in @entity1 with ICAS. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00576693.

title: Frequency, Risk Factors, and Outcome of Coexistent Small Vessel Disease and Intracranial XXXX : Results From the Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent @entity64 (SAMMPRIS) Trial.

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['Arterial Stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differentiation of some @entity24113 ( @entity4891 ) lesions is a challenge. @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) has been proved to be useful in the diagnosis of @entity272 ; however, to date, there is no report on the differential study of the two diseases with @entity4653 . OBJECTIVES: To obtain the @entity4653 image characteristics of SK and @entity4891 , and then test the differential ability of @entity4653 imaging. METHODS: We recruited 10 @entity1 with typical lesions of SK under @entity4653 images to validate the features reported. Another 10 @entity1 with typical @entity75 were also recruited, imaged with @entity4653 and biopsied to obtain the features under @entity4653 images based on histology analysis. Then, we attempt to summarize and refine those characteristics collected to obtain the most significant ones. All the cases with lesions suggestive of SK or @entity4891 were advised to undergo imaging with @entity4653 , and if @entity4653 imaging reflected discordantly with the clinical diagnosis, a biopsy was suggested for the exact lesion imaged. Those cases with @entity4653 and histology results were collected. Finally, two clinical dermatologists, who had no previous experience with @entity4653 , were tested with the simplified features of @entity4653 images to differentiate the suspected lesions of SK and @entity4891 among the cases collected. RESULTS: In total, there were 58 cases with @entity4653 images and histology results collected, in which, 40 cases were diagnosed as SK and 18 cases as @entity4891 by histology. The two blinded dermatologists' judgments were identical to histology analysis. CONCLUSION: @entity4653 proved to be valuable in the differential diagnosis of SK and @entity4891 . The simplified characteristics were easily understood and acceptable to those with no previous experience of @entity4653 .

title: XXXX ? A pilot study with confocal laser scanning microscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['VP lesions']

entities_list: @entity24113 :: ('MESH:D017492', 'Disease') :: ['seborrheic keratosis (SK) and verruca plana']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['Confocal laser scanning microscopy', 'CLSM']

answer: @entity24113 :: (MESH:D017492,Disease) :: ['Seborrheic keratosis or verruca plana']


abstract: We investigated the influence of agricultural management and various plant covers related to the period of abandonment on soil properties, @entity2681 and nutrient depletion in a typical Mediterranean area with sandy loam shallow soils. Cultivated soils (CS) with insufficient management, 5 year abandoned soils covered with meadow (A5), 25 year abandoned soils covered with dense scrubs (A25), 50 year abandoned soils covered with cork trees (A50) and soils in a 50 year pine reforested area (P50) were studied over a period of 6 months (May-October 1999). The soils were classified as Lithic Xerorthents. Both the differences in soil properties and response to rainfall events were mainly attributed to the different vegetation types and stages in land management. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on the results, by running the overall data determined after five rainfall events. The factors extracted by PCA of the samples by variables matrix represented the response of the environments to different rainfall intensities as a function of management or natural evolution after abandonment. CS environments showed the highest runoff and sediment yield as well as the highest amount of dissolved organic @entity505 ( @entity4420 ) and @entity1568 in runoff water. The sequence of abandonment (A5, A25 and A50) showed approximately the same runoff production, whereas eroded sediments (ES) and @entity4420 were inversely correlated. Organic @entity505 in the ES and @entity4420 in runoff water always increased with the period of abandonment, which accounted for consistent nutrient depletion. Nevertheless, the A50 environment (dominated by Quercus suber) showed the best soil properties, whilst the A25 environment with dense cover of Cistus monspeliensis and Calicotome espinosa seemed to cause a worsening effect on the soil's physical and chemical properties. This is probably because these environments are more severely damaged by wild fire occurrence. In terms of sediment yield, the P50 environment followed CS environment, indicating that reforestation followed by insufficient forest management may negatively affect both soil properties and response to the erosive action of rainfall.

title: XXXX and nutrient depletion in five Mediterranean soils of NE Spain under different land use.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity2681 :: (MESH:D014077,Disease) :: ['Runoff erosion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment with helminthes and helminthes ova, improved clinical symptoms of several @entity792 in @entity1 and in animal models. @entity2945 (PC) was proven to be the immunomodulatory molecule. We aimed to decipher the tolerogenic potential of @entity15310 ( @entity15310 ), a novel helminth based compound in @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) in a @entity19 model of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). @entity1753 DBA @entity19 were treated with @entity15310 , subcutaneously (5  g/0.1ml) or orally (250  g/0.1ml), starting prior to disease induction. The control groups were treated with PBS. Collagen antibodies were tested by ELISA, cytokines protein levels by ELISA kits and T-regulatory (Treg) and B-regulatory (Breg) cells phenotypes by @entity10062 . @entity15310 treated @entity19 had a significant lower @entity625 score 1.5 in comparison with control @entity19 11.8 (p<0.0001) both in subcutaneous and orally treated groups at Day 31. Moreover, histology analysis demonstrated highly inflamed joints in control @entity19 , whereas @entity15310 treated @entity19 maintained normal joint structure. Furthermore, @entity15310 decreased the titers of circulating collagen II antibodies in @entity19 sera (p<0.0001), enhanced expression of @entity1618 (p<0.0001), and inhibited production of @entity637 , @entity636 and @entity635 (p<0.0001). @entity15310 significantly expanded the @entity1961 (   +) CD25(+)    @entity3744 (+   ) Treg cells and @entity6689 (high) @entity776 (high) @entity23540 (+) Breg cells phenotypes (p<0.0001) in treated @entity19 . Our data indicate that treatment with @entity15310 attenuates @entity1753 in @entity19 demonstrated by low arthritic score, and normal joints histology. @entity15310 treatment reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, as well as expansion of Treg and Breg cells. Our results may lead to a new approach for a natural therapy for early @entity309 onset. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Novel therapeutic compound tuftsin- XXXX attenuate @entity1753 .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['CIA', 'collagen induced arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphorylcholine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity2945 :: (MESH:D010767,Chemical) :: ['phosphorylcholine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment with helminthes and helminthes ova, improved clinical symptoms of several @entity792 in @entity1 and in animal models. @entity2945 (PC) was proven to be the immunomodulatory molecule. We aimed to decipher the tolerogenic potential of @entity15310 ( @entity15310 ), a novel helminth based compound in @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) in a @entity19 model of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). @entity1753 DBA @entity19 were treated with @entity15310 , subcutaneously (5  g/0.1ml) or orally (250  g/0.1ml), starting prior to disease induction. The control groups were treated with PBS. Collagen antibodies were tested by ELISA, cytokines protein levels by ELISA kits and T-regulatory (Treg) and B-regulatory (Breg) cells phenotypes by @entity10062 . @entity15310 treated @entity19 had a significant lower @entity625 score 1.5 in comparison with control @entity19 11.8 (p<0.0001) both in subcutaneous and orally treated groups at Day 31. Moreover, histology analysis demonstrated highly inflamed joints in control @entity19 , whereas @entity15310 treated @entity19 maintained normal joint structure. Furthermore, @entity15310 decreased the titers of circulating collagen II antibodies in @entity19 sera (p<0.0001), enhanced expression of @entity1618 (p<0.0001), and inhibited production of @entity637 , @entity636 and @entity635 (p<0.0001). @entity15310 significantly expanded the @entity1961 (   +) CD25(+)    @entity3744 (+   ) Treg cells and @entity6689 (high) @entity776 (high) @entity23540 (+) Breg cells phenotypes (p<0.0001) in treated @entity19 . Our data indicate that treatment with @entity15310 attenuates @entity1753 in @entity19 demonstrated by low arthritic score, and normal joints histology. @entity15310 treatment reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, as well as expansion of Treg and Breg cells. Our results may lead to a new approach for a natural therapy for early @entity309 onset. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Novel therapeutic compound tuftsin- @entity2945 attenuate XXXX .

answer: @entity1753 :: (MESH:D001169,Disease) :: ['collagen induced arthritis']


abstract: @entity14855 , originally identified as a calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase (Stewart, A.A. et al. (1982) FEBS Lett. 137, 80-84) also uses @entity7480 and @entity10393 as substrates (Pallen, C.J. and Wang, J.H. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 8550-8553). We have surveyed a wide range of nonprotein phosphocompounds and found that several synthetic aryl phosphocompounds serve as calcineurin substrates. Among more than 20 naturally occurring phosphocompounds tested, only @entity7954 possesses significant @entity14855 substrate activity. The @entity7954 phosphatase activity is dependent on @entity3411 and @entity3281 , is stimulated by calmodulin, and is inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to calcineurin, thus indicating that it is an intrinsic property of calcineurin. The results suggest that functional roles of calcineurin may include actions of the enzyme toward nonprotein phosphocompounds.

title: Survey of calcineurin activity towards nonprotein compounds and identification of XXXX as a substrate.

entities_list: @entity14855 :: ('CHEBI:53439', 'Chemical') :: ['calcineurin', 'Calcineurin']

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenol pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity7480 :: ('MESH:C008644', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitrophenyl phosphate']

answer: @entity7954 :: (MESH:D010728,Chemical) :: ['phosphoenol pyruvate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) has recently been implicated as the primary cause of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of @entity1211 in @entity15 @entity1 . METHODS: We performed selective extracranial venography on 42 @entity1 with early @entity15 (EMS): @entity922 ( @entity922 ) or @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) of less than 5 years duration, and @entity15 ( @entity15 ): @entity3780 of more than 10 years duration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical relapse data were reviewed for all @entity1 with @entity1211 . RESULTS: @entity1211 was present in 7/29 @entity1 with EMS and 12/13 @entity1 with @entity15 , a highly significant statistical difference (p< 0.001). Only 3/42 @entity1 (all in the @entity15 group) had two vessel stenoses, while the rest had only one vessel involved. @entity1211 was seen in 1/11 @entity1 with @entity922 compared with 6/18 @entity3780 @entity1 of less than 5 years duration. Disease duration was greater in @entity1 with @entity1211 overall (p < 0.005). @entity15 remained an independent predictor of @entity1211 following multivariate adjustment for gender, age at disease onset and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 29 (3-298); p = 0.005]. Within the EMS group, @entity1 with (n = 7) and without (n = 22) @entity1211 had similar EDSS and disease duration, suggesting similar disease severity. No clear correlation could be found between site of @entity1211 and anatomic localization of either clinical relapses or MRI @entity2287 -enhancing lesions. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1211 is an unlikely cause of @entity15 since it is not present in most @entity1 early in the disease and rarely involves more than one extracranial vein. It is likely to be a late secondary phenomenon.

title: XXXX is an unlikely cause of @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Extracranial venous stenosis', 'EVS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'late MS', 'LMS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'CIS']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['Extracranial venous stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) has recently been implicated as the primary cause of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of @entity1211 in @entity15 @entity1 . METHODS: We performed selective extracranial venography on 42 @entity1 with early @entity15 (EMS): @entity922 ( @entity922 ) or @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) of less than 5 years duration, and @entity15 ( @entity15 ): @entity3780 of more than 10 years duration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical relapse data were reviewed for all @entity1 with @entity1211 . RESULTS: @entity1211 was present in 7/29 @entity1 with EMS and 12/13 @entity1 with @entity15 , a highly significant statistical difference (p< 0.001). Only 3/42 @entity1 (all in the @entity15 group) had two vessel stenoses, while the rest had only one vessel involved. @entity1211 was seen in 1/11 @entity1 with @entity922 compared with 6/18 @entity3780 @entity1 of less than 5 years duration. Disease duration was greater in @entity1 with @entity1211 overall (p < 0.005). @entity15 remained an independent predictor of @entity1211 following multivariate adjustment for gender, age at disease onset and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 29 (3-298); p = 0.005]. Within the EMS group, @entity1 with (n = 7) and without (n = 22) @entity1211 had similar EDSS and disease duration, suggesting similar disease severity. No clear correlation could be found between site of @entity1211 and anatomic localization of either clinical relapses or MRI @entity2287 -enhancing lesions. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1211 is an unlikely cause of @entity15 since it is not present in most @entity1 early in the disease and rarely involves more than one extracranial vein. It is likely to be a late secondary phenomenon.

title: @entity1211 is an unlikely cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a previous study, improvement of antipsychotic-induced blefarospasm and involuntary oral-mandibulo movements were observed with the use of the anticonvulsant drug @entity2682 among affectively ill @entity1 who had been exposed to maintenance neuroleptics. The results reported in the present paper represent the sequel to the previous study. METHODS: The purported efficacy of @entity2682 in the treatment of @entity910 has been assessed in an open design 1-year follow-up study, in which 30 schizoaffective, @entity162 and @entity161 @entity1 from seven Italian centres were evaluated by means of AIMS. The results showed a statistically significant time-related decrease in AIMS scores. The mean percentage of improvement at AIMS was 47.5+/-18.2%. An improvement of more than 35% after 1 year in 76% of the subjects who completed the trial (n=25) and in 63.3% of the entire sample admitted to the study was revealed. LIMITATION: Open trial. CONCLUSION: The introduction of new antipsychotic drugs has probably already limited the problems related to @entity910 . However, this type of side-effect is also observed during the course of treatment with atypical neuroleptics albeit with a lesser frequency. The fact that @entity2682 treatment may have further improved clinical conditions of @entity1 in whom therapeutic protocols had already been modified, appears to suggest exertion of a possible synergic action by the new neuroleptics on @entity910 .

title: @entity2682 in antipsychotic-induced XXXX : results of 1-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar I']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['tardive dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['tardive dyskinesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a previous study, improvement of antipsychotic-induced blefarospasm and involuntary oral-mandibulo movements were observed with the use of the anticonvulsant drug @entity2682 among affectively ill @entity1 who had been exposed to maintenance neuroleptics. The results reported in the present paper represent the sequel to the previous study. METHODS: The purported efficacy of @entity2682 in the treatment of @entity910 has been assessed in an open design 1-year follow-up study, in which 30 schizoaffective, @entity162 and @entity161 @entity1 from seven Italian centres were evaluated by means of AIMS. The results showed a statistically significant time-related decrease in AIMS scores. The mean percentage of improvement at AIMS was 47.5+/-18.2%. An improvement of more than 35% after 1 year in 76% of the subjects who completed the trial (n=25) and in 63.3% of the entire sample admitted to the study was revealed. LIMITATION: Open trial. CONCLUSION: The introduction of new antipsychotic drugs has probably already limited the problems related to @entity910 . However, this type of side-effect is also observed during the course of treatment with atypical neuroleptics albeit with a lesser frequency. The fact that @entity2682 treatment may have further improved clinical conditions of @entity1 in whom therapeutic protocols had already been modified, appears to suggest exertion of a possible synergic action by the new neuroleptics on @entity910 .

title: XXXX in antipsychotic-induced @entity910 : results of 1-year follow-up.

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['Gabapentin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Within afrotherians, sirenians are unusual due to their aquatic lifestyle, large body size and relatively large lissencephalic brain. However, little is known about the neuron type distributions of the cerebral cortex in sirenians within the context of other afrotherians and aquatic mammals. The present study investigated two cortical regions, dorsolateral cortex area 1 (DL1) and cluster cortex area 2 (CL2), in the presumptive primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in @entity27414 ( @entity27414 latirostris) to characterize cyto- and chemoarchitecture. The mean neuron density for both cortical regions was 35,617 neurons/mm3 and fell within the 95% prediction intervals relative to @entity75 based on a reference group of afrotherians and xenarthrans. Densities of inhibitory interneuron subtypes labeled against @entity460 -binding proteins and neuropeptide Y were relatively low compared to afrotherians and xenarthrans and also formed a small percentage of the overall population of inhibitory interneurons as revealed by GAD67 immunoreactivity. Nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein-immunoreactive (NPNFP-ir) neurons comprised a mean of 60% of neurons in layer V across DL1 and CL2. DL1 contained a higher percentage of NPNFP-ir neurons than CL2, although CL2 had a higher variety of morphological types. The mean percentage of NPNFP-ir neurons in the two regions of the presumptive S1 were low compared to other afrotherians and xenarthrans but were within the 95% prediction intervals relative to @entity75 , and their morphologies were comparable to those found in other afrotherians and xenarthrans. Although this specific pattern of neuron types and densities sets the manatee apart from other afrotherians and xenarthrans, the manatee isocortex does not appear to be explicitly adapted for an aquatic habitat. Many of the features that are shared between manatees and cetaceans are also shared with a diverse array of terrestrial mammals and likely represent highly conserved neural features. A comparative study across manatees and @entity41904 is necessary to determine whether these traits are specific to one or more of the manatee species, or can be generalized to all sirenians.

title: Neuron Types in the Presumptive Primary Somatosensory Cortex of the XXXX ( @entity27414 latirostris).

entities_list: @entity27414 :: ('9778', 'Species') :: ['Trichechus manatus', 'Florida manatees']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain mass']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity27414 :: (9778,Species) :: ['Florida Manatee']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Within afrotherians, sirenians are unusual due to their aquatic lifestyle, large body size and relatively large lissencephalic brain. However, little is known about the neuron type distributions of the cerebral cortex in sirenians within the context of other afrotherians and aquatic mammals. The present study investigated two cortical regions, dorsolateral cortex area 1 (DL1) and cluster cortex area 2 (CL2), in the presumptive primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in @entity27414 ( @entity27414 latirostris) to characterize cyto- and chemoarchitecture. The mean neuron density for both cortical regions was 35,617 neurons/mm3 and fell within the 95% prediction intervals relative to @entity75 based on a reference group of afrotherians and xenarthrans. Densities of inhibitory interneuron subtypes labeled against @entity460 -binding proteins and neuropeptide Y were relatively low compared to afrotherians and xenarthrans and also formed a small percentage of the overall population of inhibitory interneurons as revealed by GAD67 immunoreactivity. Nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein-immunoreactive (NPNFP-ir) neurons comprised a mean of 60% of neurons in layer V across DL1 and CL2. DL1 contained a higher percentage of NPNFP-ir neurons than CL2, although CL2 had a higher variety of morphological types. The mean percentage of NPNFP-ir neurons in the two regions of the presumptive S1 were low compared to other afrotherians and xenarthrans but were within the 95% prediction intervals relative to @entity75 , and their morphologies were comparable to those found in other afrotherians and xenarthrans. Although this specific pattern of neuron types and densities sets the manatee apart from other afrotherians and xenarthrans, the manatee isocortex does not appear to be explicitly adapted for an aquatic habitat. Many of the features that are shared between manatees and cetaceans are also shared with a diverse array of terrestrial mammals and likely represent highly conserved neural features. A comparative study across manatees and @entity41904 is necessary to determine whether these traits are specific to one or more of the manatee species, or can be generalized to all sirenians.

title: Neuron Types in the Presumptive Primary Somatosensory Cortex of the @entity27414 ( XXXX latirostris).

answer: @entity27414 :: (9778,Species) :: ['Trichechus manatus']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity4047 , @entity3646 , @entity9597 , @entity19144 , and @entity2162 are important inflammatory genes associated with immunoglobulin E levels. This study attempts to determine whether there are gene-gene interactions in the five genes among @entity748 @entity1 of Chinese Han nationality. METHODS: Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the five genes were genotyped in 1,000 @entity748 @entity1 and 1,000 healthy controls using TaqMan real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multifactor-dimensionality reduction method was applied for the analysis. RESULTS: A four-way gene-gene interaction model consisting of @entity4047 @entity16212 , @entity3646 @entity17357 , @entity2162 @entity72113 , and @entity19144 @entity61610 was chosen as the optimal one for determining @entity565 susceptibility (testing balanced accuracy   =   0.6089, cross-validation consistency   =   10/10, P   =   6.98E-05). Each of the four SNPs was identified to have an independent association with @entity565 (G allele of @entity16212 , odds ratio (OR)   =   1.24, P   =   1.23E-03; T allele of @entity17357 , OR   =   1.25, P   =   3.81E-03; A allele of @entity72113 , OR   =   1.29, P   =   6.75E-05; G allele of @entity61610 , OR   =   1.27, P   =   3.86E-03). Individuals homozygous for the risk alleles at all the four loci ( @entity16212 GG, @entity17357 TT, @entity72113 AA, and @entity61610 GG) had a significantly higher risk of @entity565 compared with those without any risk homozygotes (OR   =   13.55, P   =   4.28E-03), and also greater than those with less than four risk homozygotes (OR   =   10.09, P   =   6.51E-03). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity4047 @entity16212 , @entity3646 @entity17357 , @entity2162 @entity72113 , and @entity19144 @entity61610 , four SNPs with significant sole effect on @entity565 , interact to confer a higher risk for the disease in Chinese Han @entity1 . Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:364-371.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Four-locus gene interaction between @entity4047 , @entity3646 , @entity19144 , and @entity2162 for XXXX in Chinese Han @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['childhood asthma', 'asthma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity4047 , @entity3646 , @entity9597 , @entity19144 , and @entity2162 are important inflammatory genes associated with immunoglobulin E levels. This study attempts to determine whether there are gene-gene interactions in the five genes among @entity748 @entity1 of Chinese Han nationality. METHODS: Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the five genes were genotyped in 1,000 @entity748 @entity1 and 1,000 healthy controls using TaqMan real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multifactor-dimensionality reduction method was applied for the analysis. RESULTS: A four-way gene-gene interaction model consisting of @entity4047 @entity16212 , @entity3646 @entity17357 , @entity2162 @entity72113 , and @entity19144 @entity61610 was chosen as the optimal one for determining @entity565 susceptibility (testing balanced accuracy   =   0.6089, cross-validation consistency   =   10/10, P   =   6.98E-05). Each of the four SNPs was identified to have an independent association with @entity565 (G allele of @entity16212 , odds ratio (OR)   =   1.24, P   =   1.23E-03; T allele of @entity17357 , OR   =   1.25, P   =   3.81E-03; A allele of @entity72113 , OR   =   1.29, P   =   6.75E-05; G allele of @entity61610 , OR   =   1.27, P   =   3.86E-03). Individuals homozygous for the risk alleles at all the four loci ( @entity16212 GG, @entity17357 TT, @entity72113 AA, and @entity61610 GG) had a significantly higher risk of @entity565 compared with those without any risk homozygotes (OR   =   13.55, P   =   4.28E-03), and also greater than those with less than four risk homozygotes (OR   =   10.09, P   =   6.51E-03). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity4047 @entity16212 , @entity3646 @entity17357 , @entity2162 @entity72113 , and @entity19144 @entity61610 , four SNPs with significant sole effect on @entity565 , interact to confer a higher risk for the disease in Chinese Han @entity1 . Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:364-371.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Four-locus gene interaction between @entity4047 , @entity3646 , XXXX , and @entity2162 for @entity565 in Chinese Han @entity1 .

answer: @entity19144 :: (2206,Gene) :: ['FCER1B']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity4047 , @entity3646 , @entity9597 , @entity19144 , and @entity2162 are important inflammatory genes associated with immunoglobulin E levels. This study attempts to determine whether there are gene-gene interactions in the five genes among @entity748 @entity1 of Chinese Han nationality. METHODS: Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the five genes were genotyped in 1,000 @entity748 @entity1 and 1,000 healthy controls using TaqMan real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multifactor-dimensionality reduction method was applied for the analysis. RESULTS: A four-way gene-gene interaction model consisting of @entity4047 @entity16212 , @entity3646 @entity17357 , @entity2162 @entity72113 , and @entity19144 @entity61610 was chosen as the optimal one for determining @entity565 susceptibility (testing balanced accuracy   =   0.6089, cross-validation consistency   =   10/10, P   =   6.98E-05). Each of the four SNPs was identified to have an independent association with @entity565 (G allele of @entity16212 , odds ratio (OR)   =   1.24, P   =   1.23E-03; T allele of @entity17357 , OR   =   1.25, P   =   3.81E-03; A allele of @entity72113 , OR   =   1.29, P   =   6.75E-05; G allele of @entity61610 , OR   =   1.27, P   =   3.86E-03). Individuals homozygous for the risk alleles at all the four loci ( @entity16212 GG, @entity17357 TT, @entity72113 AA, and @entity61610 GG) had a significantly higher risk of @entity565 compared with those without any risk homozygotes (OR   =   13.55, P   =   4.28E-03), and also greater than those with less than four risk homozygotes (OR   =   10.09, P   =   6.51E-03). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity4047 @entity16212 , @entity3646 @entity17357 , @entity2162 @entity72113 , and @entity19144 @entity61610 , four SNPs with significant sole effect on @entity565 , interact to confer a higher risk for the disease in Chinese Han @entity1 . Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:364-371.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Four-locus gene interaction between XXXX , @entity3646 , @entity19144 , and @entity2162 for @entity565 in Chinese Han @entity1 .

answer: @entity4047 :: (3596,Gene) :: ['IL13']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity4047 , @entity3646 , @entity9597 , @entity19144 , and @entity2162 are important inflammatory genes associated with immunoglobulin E levels. This study attempts to determine whether there are gene-gene interactions in the five genes among @entity748 @entity1 of Chinese Han nationality. METHODS: Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the five genes were genotyped in 1,000 @entity748 @entity1 and 1,000 healthy controls using TaqMan real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multifactor-dimensionality reduction method was applied for the analysis. RESULTS: A four-way gene-gene interaction model consisting of @entity4047 @entity16212 , @entity3646 @entity17357 , @entity2162 @entity72113 , and @entity19144 @entity61610 was chosen as the optimal one for determining @entity565 susceptibility (testing balanced accuracy   =   0.6089, cross-validation consistency   =   10/10, P   =   6.98E-05). Each of the four SNPs was identified to have an independent association with @entity565 (G allele of @entity16212 , odds ratio (OR)   =   1.24, P   =   1.23E-03; T allele of @entity17357 , OR   =   1.25, P   =   3.81E-03; A allele of @entity72113 , OR   =   1.29, P   =   6.75E-05; G allele of @entity61610 , OR   =   1.27, P   =   3.86E-03). Individuals homozygous for the risk alleles at all the four loci ( @entity16212 GG, @entity17357 TT, @entity72113 AA, and @entity61610 GG) had a significantly higher risk of @entity565 compared with those without any risk homozygotes (OR   =   13.55, P   =   4.28E-03), and also greater than those with less than four risk homozygotes (OR   =   10.09, P   =   6.51E-03). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity4047 @entity16212 , @entity3646 @entity17357 , @entity2162 @entity72113 , and @entity19144 @entity61610 , four SNPs with significant sole effect on @entity565 , interact to confer a higher risk for the disease in Chinese Han @entity1 . Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:364-371.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Four-locus gene interaction between @entity4047 , XXXX , @entity19144 , and @entity2162 for @entity565 in Chinese Han @entity1 .

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['IL4']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity4047 , @entity3646 , @entity9597 , @entity19144 , and @entity2162 are important inflammatory genes associated with immunoglobulin E levels. This study attempts to determine whether there are gene-gene interactions in the five genes among @entity748 @entity1 of Chinese Han nationality. METHODS: Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the five genes were genotyped in 1,000 @entity748 @entity1 and 1,000 healthy controls using TaqMan real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multifactor-dimensionality reduction method was applied for the analysis. RESULTS: A four-way gene-gene interaction model consisting of @entity4047 @entity16212 , @entity3646 @entity17357 , @entity2162 @entity72113 , and @entity19144 @entity61610 was chosen as the optimal one for determining @entity565 susceptibility (testing balanced accuracy   =   0.6089, cross-validation consistency   =   10/10, P   =   6.98E-05). Each of the four SNPs was identified to have an independent association with @entity565 (G allele of @entity16212 , odds ratio (OR)   =   1.24, P   =   1.23E-03; T allele of @entity17357 , OR   =   1.25, P   =   3.81E-03; A allele of @entity72113 , OR   =   1.29, P   =   6.75E-05; G allele of @entity61610 , OR   =   1.27, P   =   3.86E-03). Individuals homozygous for the risk alleles at all the four loci ( @entity16212 GG, @entity17357 TT, @entity72113 AA, and @entity61610 GG) had a significantly higher risk of @entity565 compared with those without any risk homozygotes (OR   =   13.55, P   =   4.28E-03), and also greater than those with less than four risk homozygotes (OR   =   10.09, P   =   6.51E-03). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity4047 @entity16212 , @entity3646 @entity17357 , @entity2162 @entity72113 , and @entity19144 @entity61610 , four SNPs with significant sole effect on @entity565 , interact to confer a higher risk for the disease in Chinese Han @entity1 . Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:364-371.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Four-locus gene interaction between @entity4047 , @entity3646 , @entity19144 , and XXXX for @entity565 in Chinese Han @entity1 .

answer: @entity2162 :: (154,Gene) :: ['ADRB2']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity4047 , @entity3646 , @entity9597 , @entity19144 , and @entity2162 are important inflammatory genes associated with immunoglobulin E levels. This study attempts to determine whether there are gene-gene interactions in the five genes among @entity748 @entity1 of Chinese Han nationality. METHODS: Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the five genes were genotyped in 1,000 @entity748 @entity1 and 1,000 healthy controls using TaqMan real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multifactor-dimensionality reduction method was applied for the analysis. RESULTS: A four-way gene-gene interaction model consisting of @entity4047 @entity16212 , @entity3646 @entity17357 , @entity2162 @entity72113 , and @entity19144 @entity61610 was chosen as the optimal one for determining @entity565 susceptibility (testing balanced accuracy   =   0.6089, cross-validation consistency   =   10/10, P   =   6.98E-05). Each of the four SNPs was identified to have an independent association with @entity565 (G allele of @entity16212 , odds ratio (OR)   =   1.24, P   =   1.23E-03; T allele of @entity17357 , OR   =   1.25, P   =   3.81E-03; A allele of @entity72113 , OR   =   1.29, P   =   6.75E-05; G allele of @entity61610 , OR   =   1.27, P   =   3.86E-03). Individuals homozygous for the risk alleles at all the four loci ( @entity16212 GG, @entity17357 TT, @entity72113 AA, and @entity61610 GG) had a significantly higher risk of @entity565 compared with those without any risk homozygotes (OR   =   13.55, P   =   4.28E-03), and also greater than those with less than four risk homozygotes (OR   =   10.09, P   =   6.51E-03). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity4047 @entity16212 , @entity3646 @entity17357 , @entity2162 @entity72113 , and @entity19144 @entity61610 , four SNPs with significant sole effect on @entity565 , interact to confer a higher risk for the disease in Chinese Han @entity1 . Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:364-371.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Four-locus gene interaction between @entity4047 , @entity3646 , @entity19144 , and @entity2162 for @entity565 in Chinese Han XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: An association between @entity302 and reproductive disturbances with an apparent increase in a @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) has been reported. Whether this association can be attributed to @entity302 itself or is related to antiepileptic drug therapy, in particular @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), remains controversial. We studied effects of a long-term @entity2052 treatment on cycling monkeys, postulating that, if @entity2052 monotherapy were to promote abnormal endocrine and metabolic parameters that are characteristic of @entity3610 , changes in cyclicity would be readily demonstrated. After a 2-month control, a 12- to 15-month @entity2052 monotherapy was initiated in 7 regularly cycling @entity2608 . Overall mean levels of @entity2052 were 88.7 +/- 4.0 (SE) microg/ml. Mean body weight increased progressively during @entity2052 treatment from 8.5 +/- 0.5 kg before treatment to 9.6 +/- 0.7 kg in the last week of treatment (P < 0.05). Monkeys continued to have regular ovulatory menstrual cycles throughout @entity2052 monotherapy. Length of the cycles was 28 +/- 0.58 d in control and 28.4 +/- 1.18 d in the last 3 months of @entity2052 treatment. Follicular and luteal lengths and peak preovulatory @entity53 and integrated luteal @entity1420 levels did not differ between control and treatment. Ovaries from @entity2052 -treated monkeys showed histological evidence of ovulation, and none had characteristic features of @entity3610 . Endocrine @entity3610 markers, such as increased early follicular LH/FSH ratio and @entity342 levels were not different in control and @entity2052 treatment cycles. LH and @entity4418 responses to @entity1176 agonist challenges and the insulin response to @entity413 tolerance tests were similar in control and @entity2052 groups. Lipid profiles were not affected by @entity2052 treatment. The data indicate that a 12- to 15-month therapeutic exposure to @entity2052 does not induce cyclic hormonal or morphological @entity2670 or characteristics of the @entity3610 when administered to nonepileptic normally cycling nonhuman primates.

title: Endocrine and metabolic responses to long-term monotherapy with the antiepileptic drug XXXX in the normally cycling @entity2608 .

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4418 :: ('MESH:D019326', 'Chemical') :: ['17-hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproate']


abstract: An association between @entity302 and reproductive disturbances with an apparent increase in a @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) has been reported. Whether this association can be attributed to @entity302 itself or is related to antiepileptic drug therapy, in particular @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ), remains controversial. We studied effects of a long-term @entity2052 treatment on cycling monkeys, postulating that, if @entity2052 monotherapy were to promote abnormal endocrine and metabolic parameters that are characteristic of @entity3610 , changes in cyclicity would be readily demonstrated. After a 2-month control, a 12- to 15-month @entity2052 monotherapy was initiated in 7 regularly cycling @entity2608 . Overall mean levels of @entity2052 were 88.7 +/- 4.0 (SE) microg/ml. Mean body weight increased progressively during @entity2052 treatment from 8.5 +/- 0.5 kg before treatment to 9.6 +/- 0.7 kg in the last week of treatment (P < 0.05). Monkeys continued to have regular ovulatory menstrual cycles throughout @entity2052 monotherapy. Length of the cycles was 28 +/- 0.58 d in control and 28.4 +/- 1.18 d in the last 3 months of @entity2052 treatment. Follicular and luteal lengths and peak preovulatory @entity53 and integrated luteal @entity1420 levels did not differ between control and treatment. Ovaries from @entity2052 -treated monkeys showed histological evidence of ovulation, and none had characteristic features of @entity3610 . Endocrine @entity3610 markers, such as increased early follicular LH/FSH ratio and @entity342 levels were not different in control and @entity2052 treatment cycles. LH and @entity4418 responses to @entity1176 agonist challenges and the insulin response to @entity413 tolerance tests were similar in control and @entity2052 groups. Lipid profiles were not affected by @entity2052 treatment. The data indicate that a 12- to 15-month therapeutic exposure to @entity2052 does not induce cyclic hormonal or morphological @entity2670 or characteristics of the @entity3610 when administered to nonepileptic normally cycling nonhuman primates.

title: Endocrine and metabolic responses to long-term monotherapy with the antiepileptic drug @entity1092 in the normally cycling XXXX .

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate gelatinase ( @entity1476 and @entity1495 ) expression in @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and to explore the mechanisms that may inhibit gelatinase activity. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty biopsy specimens of OSCCs were examined by means of immunohistochemistry. Supernatants from primary cultures of @entity1 oral mucosal keratinocyte and @entity5 -derived cells (KB and @entity35958 ) were analyzed by means of gelatin zymography. Furthermore, @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitors (H7 and @entity866 ) were added to test how they modulate gelatinase production in @entity1 @entity5 cells. RESULTS: @entity1476 and @entity1495 expression was significantly higher in oral SCCs and was located in discrete clusters of @entity5 cells. Oral mucosal keratinocyte cultures, KB, and @entity35958 were found to secrete and produce @entity1476 and @entity1495 . However, the amounts of @entity1476 and @entity1495 were highly elevated in the 2 @entity5 cell lines in comparison with oral mucosal keratinocyte cultures (P <.05). In addition, @entity7131 inhibitors were found to decrease @entity1476 and @entity1495 activities in @entity5 cells (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Taken together, @entity1 oral SCCs produce @entity1476 and @entity1495 in vivo and in vitro, and gelatinase activity is down-regulated by @entity7131 inhibitors in vitro. @entity7131 inhibitors suppressing MMP production and/or activity may represent valuable therapeutic agents through their influence on the pathogenesis of @entity957 . These agents may prove clinically useful in combination with standard therapeutic modalities for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in @entity1 XXXX and the effect of @entity7131 inhibitors: preliminary observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-2', 'matrixmetalloproteinase [MMP]-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate gelatinase ( @entity1476 and @entity1495 ) expression in @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and to explore the mechanisms that may inhibit gelatinase activity. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty biopsy specimens of OSCCs were examined by means of immunohistochemistry. Supernatants from primary cultures of @entity1 oral mucosal keratinocyte and @entity5 -derived cells (KB and @entity35958 ) were analyzed by means of gelatin zymography. Furthermore, @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitors (H7 and @entity866 ) were added to test how they modulate gelatinase production in @entity1 @entity5 cells. RESULTS: @entity1476 and @entity1495 expression was significantly higher in oral SCCs and was located in discrete clusters of @entity5 cells. Oral mucosal keratinocyte cultures, KB, and @entity35958 were found to secrete and produce @entity1476 and @entity1495 . However, the amounts of @entity1476 and @entity1495 were highly elevated in the 2 @entity5 cell lines in comparison with oral mucosal keratinocyte cultures (P <.05). In addition, @entity7131 inhibitors were found to decrease @entity1476 and @entity1495 activities in @entity5 cells (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Taken together, @entity1 oral SCCs produce @entity1476 and @entity1495 in vivo and in vitro, and gelatinase activity is down-regulated by @entity7131 inhibitors in vitro. @entity7131 inhibitors suppressing MMP production and/or activity may represent valuable therapeutic agents through their influence on the pathogenesis of @entity957 . These agents may prove clinically useful in combination with standard therapeutic modalities for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in @entity1 @entity957 and the effect of XXXX inhibitors: preliminary observations.

answer: @entity7131 :: (MESH:D020151,Disease) :: ['protein kinase C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate gelatinase ( @entity1476 and @entity1495 ) expression in @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and to explore the mechanisms that may inhibit gelatinase activity. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty biopsy specimens of OSCCs were examined by means of immunohistochemistry. Supernatants from primary cultures of @entity1 oral mucosal keratinocyte and @entity5 -derived cells (KB and @entity35958 ) were analyzed by means of gelatin zymography. Furthermore, @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitors (H7 and @entity866 ) were added to test how they modulate gelatinase production in @entity1 @entity5 cells. RESULTS: @entity1476 and @entity1495 expression was significantly higher in oral SCCs and was located in discrete clusters of @entity5 cells. Oral mucosal keratinocyte cultures, KB, and @entity35958 were found to secrete and produce @entity1476 and @entity1495 . However, the amounts of @entity1476 and @entity1495 were highly elevated in the 2 @entity5 cell lines in comparison with oral mucosal keratinocyte cultures (P <.05). In addition, @entity7131 inhibitors were found to decrease @entity1476 and @entity1495 activities in @entity5 cells (P <.05). CONCLUSION: Taken together, @entity1 oral SCCs produce @entity1476 and @entity1495 in vivo and in vitro, and gelatinase activity is down-regulated by @entity7131 inhibitors in vitro. @entity7131 inhibitors suppressing MMP production and/or activity may represent valuable therapeutic agents through their influence on the pathogenesis of @entity957 . These agents may prove clinically useful in combination with standard therapeutic modalities for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in XXXX @entity957 and the effect of @entity7131 inhibitors: preliminary observations.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Transurethral catheterization is generally associated with a higher incidence of @entity293 than suprapubic catheterization; however, suprapubic catheterization is associated with other disadvantages such as higher costs and a more difficult technique, and at the moment there is no consensus about the use of both catheter systems. Therefore, a prospective randomized study was performed to investigate the effects of suprapubic catheterization and transurethral catheterization in @entity1 undergoing surgery on the incidence of @entity293 and @entity1 satisfaction. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent an elective laparotomy were randomized and received a suprapubic or transurethral catheter. The primary end point was @entity293 . Other parameters of @entity293 , as well as duration of catheterization, hospital stay, and number of recatheterizations and of relaparotomies were monitored. Treatment 'per protocol' was also analyzed after exclusion of @entity1 receiving another catheter than randomized for. @entity1 were asked for their satisfaction with the catheters and complaints during and after catheterization. RESULTS: 165 @entity1 were eligible, of whom 19 @entity1 had to be excluded. 75 @entity1 were allocated to receive the suprapubic catheter and 71 the transurethral catheter. There was no difference in the incidence of a @entity293 between the suprapubic group (n = 9/75; 12%) and the transurethral group (n = 8/71; 11%). Most @entity1 (6/9) who developed a @entity293 in the suprapubic group, however, underwent recatheterization because of @entity260 / @entity295 and relaparotomy. The incidence of @entity293 in @entity1 who received a suprapubic catheter and not a transurethral catheter was 3/59 (5%). The @entity1 did not differ with respect to satisfaction and complaints. Being a @entity1 , recatheterization and duration of catheterization are risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of a @entity293 between a suprapubic catheter and a transurethral catheter in @entity1 undergoing major surgery was not different. A potential advantage of the suprapubic catheter ( @entity293 ) is probably partly negated, because transurethral catheters were used if recatheterization was indicated during the postoperative stay or due to complications.

title: The effect of suprapubic catheterization versus transurethral catheterization after abdominal surgery on XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'reduction of urinary tract infections', 'urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic debridement has been widely adapted as initial treatment for @entity5414 . Although isolated cases of arthroscopic debridement combined with irrigation-suction systems have been reported, a comparison of two techniques has not been performed, to our knowledge. The purpose of this study was to compare the two methods of treatment. METHODS: From January 1996 to December 2008, 39 @entity1 with 39 @entity5414 treated in our institution were retrospectively analyzed. Nineteen knees were initially treated with arthroscopic debridement alone (group I), and 20 knees were initially treated with arthroscopic debridement combined with continuous closed irrigation-suction system (group II). The clinical presentation, laboratory and microbiologic findings, hospital course, and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean delay between the onset of the symptoms and treatment had a significant effect on the clinical outcomes. When the comparison included all the @entity1 in the series, no significant difference between the two groups was found with regard to the number of operation procedures required or the length of the hospital stay. However, when the comparison was separated from the initial stage of @entity281 , it was found that in @entity34 , @entity1 had fewer reoperations and in @entity34 , a shorter hospital stay in group II than in group I (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the functional results between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The early diagnosis and aggressive initiation of treatment carried the success of therapy in @entity5414 . Arthroscopic debridement combined with continuous closed irrigation-suction system is an effective treatment for @entity1 with @entity5414 ; these @entity1 had fewer operations and a shorter hospital stay than did @entity1 who had received arthroscopic debridement alone.

title: Treatment of XXXX : comparison of arthroscopic debridement alone or combined with continuous closed irrigation-suction system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II infection', 'stages II and III infection']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic knee arthritis']

answer: @entity5414 :: (MESH:D001170,Disease) :: ['septic knee arthritis']