abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Copenhagen Facial Nerve Study aims to explain the spontaneous course of @entity3762 peripheral @entity2103 which occurs without any kind of treatment. In this study @entity4401 and @entity3762 palsy are considered to be synonymous and specify an acute, monosymptomatic, unilateral peripheral facial paresis of unknown etiology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material includes 2,570 cases of peripheral @entity2103 studied during a period of 25 years. It includes 1,701 cases of @entity4401 and 869 of @entity4401 . In the total @entity1 sample, 116 had herpes zoster, 76 were @entity6 , 46 were pregnant and 169 were neonates. A total of 38 different etiologies were observed. At the first consultation a standard ENT examination was performed, including a thorough description of the grade and localization of the paresis, taste, stapedius reflex and nasolacrimal reflex tests and acoustic-vestibular examination. Follow-up was done once a week during the first month and subsequently once a month until normal function was restored or for up to 1 year. RESULTS: The initial examination revealed 30% incomplete and 70% complete palsies. Follow-up showed that in 85% of @entity1 function was returned within 3 weeks and in the remaining 15% after 3-5 months. In 71% of @entity1 normal mimical function was obtained. Sequelae were slight in 12% of @entity1 , mild in 13% and severe in 4%. Contracture and associated movements were found in 17% and 16% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: A survey of the literature showed that no kind of treatment, including @entity229 , was able to give a better prognosis. The use of @entity229 raises a big ethical problem because no evidence of its efficacy exists and the euphoric side-effect induces a false feeling of benefit in the @entity1 .

title: @entity4401 : the spontaneous course of 2,500 peripheral XXXX of different etiologies.

answer: @entity2103 :: (MESH:D005155,Disease) :: ['facial nerve palsies']


abstract: The @entity7884 (-) mutation is responsible for a defect in cell division of @entity526 lightly irradiated with ultraviolet light (UV). These @entity7884 (-) mutants can be isolated readily by a procedure described here. Physiological studies were performed with the objective of determining the role of the @entity7884 gene. Unirradiated @entity7884 (-) mutants grow normally, except that a correlation of this mutation with capsule formation has been noted previously. These two properties can be separated, however. After irradiation, @entity7884 (-) grows as long filaments because septum formation is prevented. The filaments eventually lyse. Mass increase and @entity3141 and enzyme synthesis appear to proceed normally. Thus, the lesion produced by UV appears to be highly specific. In bacteria that carry both genes (merozygotes), @entity7884 (+) is dominant to @entity7884 (-). Septum formation is restored to irradiated @entity7884 (-) bacteria by introduction of @entity7884 (+) by conjugation. Also, normal growth can be restored by nutritional variations. It is concluded that @entity7884 (+) is able to nullify the effects of the UV lesion under conditions where @entity7884 (-) cannot. Possibly, capsule precursors that can accumulate in the latter are responsible for the difference because they interfere with repair of the UV lesion.

title: Conditional mutations involving septum formation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3141 :: ('CHEBI:16991', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity726 is one of the major causes of @entity227 , especially in the older population. The aim of this paper is to examine the demographics of @entity1 with @entity726 -induced @entity227 . METHOD: Visual rehabilitation information was analysed for 590 @entity227 @entity1 attending the multi- @entity4064 clinic at Kooyong in Melbourne. Data collected included age, subjective assessment of glare, mobility and visual needs, visual acuity (at distance and near), contrast sensitivity, visual field loss or disruption and magnifiers prescribed. An assessment was also made of the @entity1 ' psychological status and the members of the multi-disciplinary team involved in their rehabilitation was noted. RESULTS: @entity726 was the primary cause of @entity227 in 8.5 per cent of @entity1 and was a secondary contributor to @entity227 in 5.9 per cent. The mean distance visual acuity was 6/38 and peak contrast sensitivity was 10 dB. Sixty-four per cent of @entity726 @entity1 had magnifiers prescribed to help them achieve their visual needs, which were to read newspapers in the majority of cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the management of @entity4064 @entity1 , it is important to understand the @entity2194 causing the @entity227 and its effects. The @entity726 sufferer must be treated as a whole @entity1 . The psychological state and the need for services such as welfare and mobility training must be considered to enable him or her to enjoy an improved quality of life.

title: @entity4064 perspectives on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visually impaired', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['disciplinary low vision', 'low vision']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity726 is one of the major causes of @entity227 , especially in the older population. The aim of this paper is to examine the demographics of @entity1 with @entity726 -induced @entity227 . METHOD: Visual rehabilitation information was analysed for 590 @entity227 @entity1 attending the multi- @entity4064 clinic at Kooyong in Melbourne. Data collected included age, subjective assessment of glare, mobility and visual needs, visual acuity (at distance and near), contrast sensitivity, visual field loss or disruption and magnifiers prescribed. An assessment was also made of the @entity1 ' psychological status and the members of the multi-disciplinary team involved in their rehabilitation was noted. RESULTS: @entity726 was the primary cause of @entity227 in 8.5 per cent of @entity1 and was a secondary contributor to @entity227 in 5.9 per cent. The mean distance visual acuity was 6/38 and peak contrast sensitivity was 10 dB. Sixty-four per cent of @entity726 @entity1 had magnifiers prescribed to help them achieve their visual needs, which were to read newspapers in the majority of cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the management of @entity4064 @entity1 , it is important to understand the @entity2194 causing the @entity227 and its effects. The @entity726 sufferer must be treated as a whole @entity1 . The psychological state and the need for services such as welfare and mobility training must be considered to enable him or her to enjoy an improved quality of life.

title: XXXX perspectives on @entity726 .

answer: @entity4064 :: (MESH:D015354,Disease) :: ['Low vision']


abstract: Intraductal @entity4929 of the biliary tree are unusual lesions characterized by solitary or diffuse growth along the intra- and/or extrahepatic biliary tract. @entity1125 bear some clinicopathologic similarity to @entity4929 of the pancreas. Like @entity4929 of the pancreas, @entity1125 can be purely intraductal lesions or can give rise to invasive @entity420 . We recently studied the genetic alterations present in a series of @entity1125 and noted the presence of allelic shifts in some @entity5 during allelic loss assays on chromosomes 5q and 18q. This suggested that microsatellite instability might play a role in the molecular pathogenesis of @entity1125 . Genomic DNA was extracted from 17 @entity4929 , 6 associated invasive @entity201 , and corresponding normal tissues, and microsatellite instability testing was performed using the 5 microsatellite loci recommended by the 1997 National @entity5 Institute-sponsored consensus conference (D2S123, D5S346, D17S250, Bat-25, and Bat-26). High-level microsatellite instability was considered to be present when at least two of five microsatellite loci showed allelic shifts, and low-level microsatellite instability, when only one locus was shifted, as per the National @entity5 Institute criteria. We also determined the methylation status of the DNA mismatch repair gene @entity6756 by @entity9736 treatment of genomic DNA, followed by methylation-specific PCR. High-level microsatellite instability was present in 2 of 17 (11.8%) @entity1125 , including 1 case of purely intraductal @entity5 and 1 case with both intraductal and invasive @entity201 components. In both cases there was extensive microsatellite instability, with allelic shifts in five of five and four of five microsatellite markers, respectively. Low-level microsatellite instability was present in 6 of 17 (35.3%) @entity1125 , including 2 cases of purely intraductal @entity5 and 4 cases with both intraductal and invasive @entity201 components. Interestingly, the pattern of allelic shifts was frequently not identical between the intraductal and invasive @entity201 components; although the same microsatellite markers were shifted, alleles of differing lengths were generated in the intraductal and invasive components of the @entity5 with high-level microsatellite instability and of two @entity5 with low-level microsatellite instability. None of the @entity1125 (0 of 10 cases with adequate DNA for evaluation) showed methylation of @entity6756 . These results indicate that microsatellite instability is a relatively frequent event in @entity4929 of the biliary tree but is not associated with @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation. The finding that alleles of differing lengths were frequently generated between the intraductal and invasive components of those @entity5 with microsatellite instability suggests that there is significant genetic heterogeneity within these @entity5 .

title: Microsatellite instability in XXXX of the biliary tract.

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary neoplasms', 'intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms', 'papillary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'biliary tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinomas', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary papillary neoplasms', 'Biliary papillary neoplasms']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary neoplasms']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 60-year-old @entity1 with @entity417 was found to have a @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) which was classified as @entity417 ( @entity417 ). Because of severe @entity221 the @entity1 was hospitalized. Waldeyer's throat ring revealed signs of acute @entity32 . LABORATORY FINDINGS: Indicated severe @entity417 and @entity882 . Leucocytes were 8000/ml with a pathological shift to the left (1920/ml blasts). @entity8206 (59/91mm) were abnormal. An axial CT of the neck showed a left sided paratonsillar abscess. DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY: The @entity5389 was treated with antibiotics. Persistent @entity221 up to 39.8 degrees C suggested resistance to therapy. After three weeks the @entity1 developed @entity295 and died. Autopsy revealed @entity2590 with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEBT-t). @entity4585 was found in the throating where there was no paratonsillar abscess. Generalized @entity9758 was proved at autopsy, explaining the continuous @entity221 resistant to antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity4585 is rarely associated with @entity2590 . @entity1200 may facilitate the occurrence of @entity9758 .

title: [ XXXX of the tonsils associated with @entity2590 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'anemia', 'RAEB', 'refractory anemia with ringsideroblasts']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4585 :: ('MESH:D023981', 'Disease') :: ['Granulocytic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['Deficiency in the immune system']

entities_list: @entity9758 :: ('MESH:D014391', 'Disease') :: ['miliary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity4585 :: (MESH:D023981,Disease) :: ['Granulocytic sarcoma']


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 60-year-old @entity1 with @entity417 was found to have a @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) which was classified as @entity417 ( @entity417 ). Because of severe @entity221 the @entity1 was hospitalized. Waldeyer's throat ring revealed signs of acute @entity32 . LABORATORY FINDINGS: Indicated severe @entity417 and @entity882 . Leucocytes were 8000/ml with a pathological shift to the left (1920/ml blasts). @entity8206 (59/91mm) were abnormal. An axial CT of the neck showed a left sided paratonsillar abscess. DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY: The @entity5389 was treated with antibiotics. Persistent @entity221 up to 39.8 degrees C suggested resistance to therapy. After three weeks the @entity1 developed @entity295 and died. Autopsy revealed @entity2590 with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEBT-t). @entity4585 was found in the throating where there was no paratonsillar abscess. Generalized @entity9758 was proved at autopsy, explaining the continuous @entity221 resistant to antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity4585 is rarely associated with @entity2590 . @entity1200 may facilitate the occurrence of @entity9758 .

title: [ @entity4585 of the tonsils associated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: We retrospectively evaluated 89 episodes of @entity79 due to @entity3256 -resistant staphylococci: 56 @entity6275 ( @entity6275 ), 10 @entity5414 ( @entity5414 ) and 23 infections associated to arthroplasties (IAA). We analyzed the efficacy of @entity11248 (T) in three times a week or daily administration schemes and @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ). Also, we determined cost savings derived from outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT). The overall efficacy of T in @entity6275 and both in cases with and without implants, was higher when antibiotic therapy was associated to @entity1104 (86 vs. 46%, p = 0.001; 100 vs. 33%, p = 0.0049 and 76 vs. 50%, p = 0.09). All @entity5414 were cured. The overall efficacy of T was higher in IAA with implant removal vs. surgical debridement (100 vs. 54%, p = 0.045). In all cases, T was similarly effective when administered three times a week vs. daily administration, when associated to @entity1104 . The savings derived from OPAT were 897 days/bed and USS 179,400. Adverse effects were few and light (8 episodes, 9%). The results obtained are similar to those published in the literature and show that T administered daily or in a three times a week scheme and associated to @entity1104 , is effective and safe for the treatment of @entity79 . The savings derived from OPAT, mainly related to reduced hospitalization, are significant in these pathologies, which usually require long treatment periods.

title: [Teicoplanin in the treatment of XXXX due to methicillin resistant staphylococci. Experience in adult patients].

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis', 'CO']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis', 'SA']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and joint infections']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['Teicoplanin']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'adequate surgery']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone and joint infections']


abstract: Previous studies on intestinal @entity8573 have dealt mainly with areas other than the intestinal epithelium. Since the epithelium is now known to be the parasite's habitat, its response to infection is important. Infection with @entity8416 in immunologically slow-responding B10.A @entity19 was associated with crypt @entity1373 and @entity194 . With similar infection levels in both primary and challenge infections, there was no difference in the maximal degree of @entity194 or @entity1373 between the 2 groups. However, challenged @entity19 underwent these mucosal changes in about half the time. Expulsion of worms always occurred during regeneration of the intestinal epithelium suggesting that the host's defense mechanism of altering the kinetics of the epithelium was not the prime factor causing expulsion. Pulse labelling of enterocytes with @entity665 showed that there was no significant increase in the relative size of the proliferation zone. This indicates that the crypt cell output was not altered by this parasite. Atrophy of the villus was analysed with respect to its 3-dimensional shape. There was a decrease in both height and width of the villus but not thickness. Thus, there is a real decrease in the size of the enterocyte population per villus. Histochemical staining of the enterocyte brush border by an alkaline phosphatase method showed that (1) hyperplastic crypts have an enlarged maturation zone and (2) the villus epithelium is composed entirely of mature cells. The distribution of the @entity2199 population was compared to these changes in the intestine. @entity8416 showed a marked anteriad (distal to proximal) migration prior to expulsion. Thus, utilizing a novel approach to study intestinal @entity8573 , the response of the mucosal epithelium has been characterized.

title: The response of the intestinal epithelium in B10.A @entity19 to infection with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8416 :: ('6334', 'Species') :: ['Trichinella spiralis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H] thymidine']

entities_list: @entity8573 :: ('MESH:D014235', 'Disease') :: ['trichinosis']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'villus atrophy']

answer: @entity8416 :: (6334,Species) :: ['Trichinella spiralis']


abstract: Previous studies on intestinal @entity8573 have dealt mainly with areas other than the intestinal epithelium. Since the epithelium is now known to be the parasite's habitat, its response to infection is important. Infection with @entity8416 in immunologically slow-responding B10.A @entity19 was associated with crypt @entity1373 and @entity194 . With similar infection levels in both primary and challenge infections, there was no difference in the maximal degree of @entity194 or @entity1373 between the 2 groups. However, challenged @entity19 underwent these mucosal changes in about half the time. Expulsion of worms always occurred during regeneration of the intestinal epithelium suggesting that the host's defense mechanism of altering the kinetics of the epithelium was not the prime factor causing expulsion. Pulse labelling of enterocytes with @entity665 showed that there was no significant increase in the relative size of the proliferation zone. This indicates that the crypt cell output was not altered by this parasite. Atrophy of the villus was analysed with respect to its 3-dimensional shape. There was a decrease in both height and width of the villus but not thickness. Thus, there is a real decrease in the size of the enterocyte population per villus. Histochemical staining of the enterocyte brush border by an alkaline phosphatase method showed that (1) hyperplastic crypts have an enlarged maturation zone and (2) the villus epithelium is composed entirely of mature cells. The distribution of the @entity2199 population was compared to these changes in the intestine. @entity8416 showed a marked anteriad (distal to proximal) migration prior to expulsion. Thus, utilizing a novel approach to study intestinal @entity8573 , the response of the mucosal epithelium has been characterized.

title: The response of the intestinal epithelium in B10.A XXXX to infection with @entity8416 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Changes in threshold, latency, and amplitude of the auditory middle latency response (MLR) with anesthesia and @entity4094 were studied in @entity840 . Although each component of the surface-recorded MLR was altered by @entity17166 and nonbarbiturate agents, the early positive wave (wave A) was always present, and the later waves were generally identifiable at moderate levels of anesthesia. MLR threshold was not affected by anesthesia or curare. @entity4485 , chloral @entity19695 , and @entity3652 each caused an increase in the latency of all MLR components, with increases progressively marked for later waves. Amplitude changes were more complex. Wave A increased in amplitude with anesthesia, while wave C decreased or disappeared temporarily. Wave B showed mixed amplitude changes. Changes in MLR associated with anesthesia were generally more pronounced at a stimulation rate of 10/sec as compared to 4/sec. No changes in waveform morphology or latency were seen with @entity4094 . The results provide evidence in support of separate neurogenic substrates for the different components of the @entity840 temporal lobe MLR. The presence of the MLR with moderate levels of anesthesia indicates that this animal is an appropriate model for studying the MLR in experiments requiring anesthesia and immobilization.

title: Effects of chloral hydrate, XXXX , @entity3652 , and curare on the auditory middle latency response.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular paralysis']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity17166 :: ('MESH:C032232', 'Chemical') :: ['barbiturate']

answer: @entity4485 :: (MESH:D010424,Chemical) :: ['pentobarbital']


abstract: Changes in threshold, latency, and amplitude of the auditory middle latency response (MLR) with anesthesia and @entity4094 were studied in @entity840 . Although each component of the surface-recorded MLR was altered by @entity17166 and nonbarbiturate agents, the early positive wave (wave A) was always present, and the later waves were generally identifiable at moderate levels of anesthesia. MLR threshold was not affected by anesthesia or curare. @entity4485 , chloral @entity19695 , and @entity3652 each caused an increase in the latency of all MLR components, with increases progressively marked for later waves. Amplitude changes were more complex. Wave A increased in amplitude with anesthesia, while wave C decreased or disappeared temporarily. Wave B showed mixed amplitude changes. Changes in MLR associated with anesthesia were generally more pronounced at a stimulation rate of 10/sec as compared to 4/sec. No changes in waveform morphology or latency were seen with @entity4094 . The results provide evidence in support of separate neurogenic substrates for the different components of the @entity840 temporal lobe MLR. The presence of the MLR with moderate levels of anesthesia indicates that this animal is an appropriate model for studying the MLR in experiments requiring anesthesia and immobilization.

title: Effects of chloral hydrate, @entity4485 , XXXX , and curare on the auditory middle latency response.

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both maternal @entity28 and disordered mood have adverse effects on pregnancy outcome. We hypothesized that maternal very severe @entity28 (SO) is associated with @entity308 (A_D) symptoms during pregnancy, with adverse effects on gestational weight gain (GWG), postpartum mood and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and explored any mediation by circulating glucocorticoids. METHOD: We measured A_D symptoms with validated questionnaires at weeks 17 and 28 of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum in 135 lean [body mass index (BMI)    25 kg/m2] and 222 SO (BMI    40 kg/m2) pregnant women. @entity4053 serum @entity701 was measured by radioimmunoassay; GWG and PPWR were recorded. RESULTS: A_D symptoms were higher in the SO group during pregnancy and postpartum despite adjusting for multiple confounders including previous mental health diagnosis (p < 0.05), and were non-linearly correlated with total GWG ( @entity148 R 2 = 0.06, p = 0.037; @entity308 R 2 = 0.09, p = 0.001). In the SO group only, increased maternal @entity148 (b = 0.33, p = 0.03) and @entity308 (b = 0.19, p = 0.04) symptoms at week 17 of pregnancy were associated with increased PPWR, independent of total GWG and breastfeeding. @entity148 symptoms at week 28 of pregnancy, but not @entity308 , were non-linearly correlated with serum @entity701 level at week 36 of pregnancy (R 2 = 0.06, p = 0.02). @entity701 did not mediate the link between A_D symptoms and GWG. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal SO was associated with increased A_D symptoms, and with adverse effects on GWG and PPWR independent of circulating glucocorticoids. Strategies to optimize GWG and postpartum weight management in SO @entity1 should include assessment and management of maternal mood in early pregnancy.

title: Associations of mood symptoms with ante- and postnatal weight change in obese pregnancy are not mediated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['increased anxiety and depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of degree of @entity39 after uterine artery embolization (UAE) on symptom recurrence at midterm clinical follow-up in @entity1 with @entity1870 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 (N = 50) who underwent UAE for symptomatic @entity1870 were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 underwent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at baseline and 3 months after UAE and were followed clinically for at least 18 months. The type of @entity1870 was classified as focal or diffuse. The uterine volume and the percentage of @entity39 after embolization were measured three-dimensionally on MR imaging. The percentage of the @entity39 cutoff point for predicting recurrence was estimated. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the cutoff point. The rate of recurrence was compared between groups, and risk factors for recurrence were identified. RESULTS: During the follow-up period (range, 18-48 mo), symptom recurrence occurred in 12 of 50 @entity1 . A @entity39 cutoff point of 34.3% was calculated to predict recurrence (area under the curve = 0.721; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.577-0.839; P = .004). @entity1 with < 34.3% @entity39 (group A, n = 12) were at a significantly higher risk of recurrence than @entity1 with > 34.3% @entity39 (group B, n = 38; hazard ratio = 7.0; 95% CI = 2.2, 22.4; P = .001). Initial uterine volume and type of @entity1870 were not associated with recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of @entity39 in @entity1 with @entity1870 after UAE may predict symptom recurrence at midterm follow-up. The cutoff percentage of @entity39 required to predict symptom recurrence was 34.3% in this study.

title: Uterine Artery Embolization for XXXX : Percentage of Necrosis Predicts Midterm Clinical Recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1870 :: (MESH:D062788,Disease) :: ['Adenomyosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cyclovirus (CyCV) Malawi strain VS5700009 has recently been discovered and reported in clinical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Further epidemiological and case-control studies are warranted. The availability of a highly sensitive and specific detection assay for this new virus is thus crucial. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of the first and the only available PCR assay for CyCV-VS5700009. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 100 CSF samples collected during January-December 2010 were selected for PCR detection of CyCV-VS5700009. Positive PCR amplicons were subjected to sequencing confirmation and BLAST analysis. RESULTS: Initial PCR screening for CyCV-VS5700009 identified one sample, showing a PCR band of expected size (380 bp). Sequencing and BLAST analysis, however, indicated that the band was 364 bp in length and showed >99% @entity4334 homology to a @entity1 gene known as @entity62877 ( @entity62877 ). Pairwise sequence alignment confirmed that both the forward and reverse PCR primers used had significant homology (>70%) to @entity62877 . None of the CSF samples tested were positive for CyCV-VS5700009. CONCLUSIONS: The original PCR assay for CyCV-VS5700009 detection may have potential cross-reactivity with contaminating @entity1 genomic DNA. The assay may be of little diagnostic use on clinical specimens that are rich in host DNA such as biopsy tissues.

title: False-positive PCR detection of cyclovirus Malawi strain VS5700009 in XXXX cerebrospinal fluid.

entities_list: @entity62877 :: ('23054', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear receptor coactivator 6', 'NCOA6']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity9454 ( @entity8358 ) has been considered as an endocrine disruptor that caused @entity1 @entity137 in different endpoints. Here, we revealed that oral administrations with @entity8358 at 100 and 500   mg/kg body weight for 28 days induced @entity99 which was characterized by significant increases of hepatic lipid accumulation and @entity412 (TG) levels in mice. The serum @entity165 (TC), high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels also increased after @entity8358 exposure. Correspondingly, the relative mRNA levels of some key genes related to lipogenesis and TG synthesis increased significantly both in the liver and fat. Moreover, the increase in serum @entity635 and @entity777 levels by the treatment of @entity8358 indicated the occurring of @entity32 . Furthermore, the levels of bioaccumulation of @entity8358 in the liver and gut were very low as compared in the feces, indicating that most of @entity8358 stayed in gastrointestinal tract and interacted with gut microbiota until excreted. At phylum level, the amounts of the Bacteroidetes decreased significantly in the feces after 5 days @entity8358 exposure. High throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region revealed a significant reduction in richness and diversity of gut microbiota in the cecum of @entity8358 -treated @entity19 . UniFrac principal coordinates analysis observed a marked shift of the gut microbiota structure in @entity8358 -treated @entity19 away from that of the controls. More deeply, operational taxonomic units' analysis identified that a total of 361 gut microbes were significant changed. In @entity8358 -treated groups, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria increased and that of Bacteroidetes decreased. Our findings suggested that @entity8358 could lead @entity99 and gut microbiota dysbiosis in @entity19 .

title: Oral Exposure of @entity19 to XXXX Induces Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lipid metabolism disorder']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity9454 :: ('MESH:C006698', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbendazim']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity9454 :: (MESH:C006698,Chemical) :: ['Carbendazim']


abstract: @entity9454 ( @entity8358 ) has been considered as an endocrine disruptor that caused @entity1 @entity137 in different endpoints. Here, we revealed that oral administrations with @entity8358 at 100 and 500   mg/kg body weight for 28 days induced @entity99 which was characterized by significant increases of hepatic lipid accumulation and @entity412 (TG) levels in mice. The serum @entity165 (TC), high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels also increased after @entity8358 exposure. Correspondingly, the relative mRNA levels of some key genes related to lipogenesis and TG synthesis increased significantly both in the liver and fat. Moreover, the increase in serum @entity635 and @entity777 levels by the treatment of @entity8358 indicated the occurring of @entity32 . Furthermore, the levels of bioaccumulation of @entity8358 in the liver and gut were very low as compared in the feces, indicating that most of @entity8358 stayed in gastrointestinal tract and interacted with gut microbiota until excreted. At phylum level, the amounts of the Bacteroidetes decreased significantly in the feces after 5 days @entity8358 exposure. High throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region revealed a significant reduction in richness and diversity of gut microbiota in the cecum of @entity8358 -treated @entity19 . UniFrac principal coordinates analysis observed a marked shift of the gut microbiota structure in @entity8358 -treated @entity19 away from that of the controls. More deeply, operational taxonomic units' analysis identified that a total of 361 gut microbes were significant changed. In @entity8358 -treated groups, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria increased and that of Bacteroidetes decreased. Our findings suggested that @entity8358 could lead @entity99 and gut microbiota dysbiosis in @entity19 .

title: Oral Exposure of XXXX to @entity9454 Induces Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: The widespread use of pesticides, such as @entity312 , increases health risks to non-target organisms. The potential @entity137 of @entity312 to the liver remains unclear and could be easily overlooked if only the common clinical indicators of @entity409 are examined. In the present study, BALB/c @entity19 were given intraperitoneal injections of 0, 2, 4, or 8   mg/kg @entity9687 (BF) for 7 days. The potential @entity99 of BF and its underlying mechanism were then investigated through multilevel evaluations. Histological analyses and serum enzyme activities showed no obvious clinical evidence of @entity409 . Oxidative stress was induced and caspases were activated in response to increased BF concentrations. Exposure to BF also significantly altered the expression levels of mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes in dose-dependent relationships. The microarray results showed that BF could disturb the metabolic profile and extensively induce genes related to oxidative stress, including the cytochrome P450 family, @entity2041 peroxidases, @entity2041 s-transferases and kinases. In the in vivo model, BF induced @entity99 through caspase-mediated mitochondrial-dependent cell death, a process that is closely related to oxidative stress, even in the absence of classical clinical biomarkers of @entity409 . The results of this study suggest that classical evaluations are not adequate for liver @entity137 of @entity312 , and highlight the need for more comprehensive assessment of health risks of these widely used pesticides.

title: Multilevel evaluations of potential XXXX of @entity9687 .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'liver dysfunction', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity312 :: ('MESH:D011722', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrethroids']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity9687 :: ('MESH:C099952', 'Chemical') :: ['bifenthrin']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: The widespread use of pesticides, such as @entity312 , increases health risks to non-target organisms. The potential @entity137 of @entity312 to the liver remains unclear and could be easily overlooked if only the common clinical indicators of @entity409 are examined. In the present study, BALB/c @entity19 were given intraperitoneal injections of 0, 2, 4, or 8   mg/kg @entity9687 (BF) for 7 days. The potential @entity99 of BF and its underlying mechanism were then investigated through multilevel evaluations. Histological analyses and serum enzyme activities showed no obvious clinical evidence of @entity409 . Oxidative stress was induced and caspases were activated in response to increased BF concentrations. Exposure to BF also significantly altered the expression levels of mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes in dose-dependent relationships. The microarray results showed that BF could disturb the metabolic profile and extensively induce genes related to oxidative stress, including the cytochrome P450 family, @entity2041 peroxidases, @entity2041 s-transferases and kinases. In the in vivo model, BF induced @entity99 through caspase-mediated mitochondrial-dependent cell death, a process that is closely related to oxidative stress, even in the absence of classical clinical biomarkers of @entity409 . The results of this study suggest that classical evaluations are not adequate for liver @entity137 of @entity312 , and highlight the need for more comprehensive assessment of health risks of these widely used pesticides.

title: Multilevel evaluations of potential @entity99 of XXXX .

answer: @entity9687 :: (MESH:C099952,Chemical) :: ['bifenthrin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ischemic preconditioning has been reported to protect the myocardium against @entity63 and @entity5721 . The underlying mechanisms have been extensively investigated but are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of apoptosis in ischemic preconditioning protection and the signal pathways involved. METHODS: @entity741 and reperfusion were induced in anesthetized male @entity35 by a 40-minute occlusion and a 3-hour reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Ischemic preconditioning was elicited by two 10-minute coronary artery occlusions and two 10-minute reperfusions. RESULTS: The @entity583 size, expressed as the percentage of area at risk, was significantly decreased in the ischemic preconditioning group (16.8      2.0% and 27.9      2.7% in the @entity63 and reperfusion groups, respectively, p  <  0.001). Additionally, ischemic preconditioning significantly reduced apoptosis, as evidenced by the decrease in the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick-end labeling-positive nuclei, DNA laddering, and @entity4124 activation. Western blot analysis revealed that ischemic preconditioning significantly reduced @entity296 @entity39 factor-a levels. @entity1976 was increased, whereas @entity2310 was decreased in the myocardium. Phosphorylation of the prosurvival kinases, including Akt and @entity2508 , was significantly increased. Hemodynamics, area at risk, and mortality did not differ significantly among the groups. CONCLUSION: Ischemic preconditioning reduces apoptosis induced by @entity741 and reperfusion. The underlying mechanisms might be related to inhibition of both the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway via inhibition of production of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, modulation of expression of @entity1976 and @entity2310 , and activation of the prosurvival kinases.

title: Ischemic preconditioning activates prosurvival kinases and reduces XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial tumor']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2508 :: ('50689;116590', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia', 'Myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial apoptosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The standard treatment for locally advanced cervical @entity5 is chemoradiation, with the majority of @entity1 having a complete response to the therapy. The current surveillance recommendations from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology include annual cytology, with a small proportion of @entity1 subsequently diagnosed with high-grade cervical @entity1141 (CIN 2/3). To date, there is limited information regarding the optimal treatment and outcome for @entity1 diagnosed with CIN 2/3. The current report describes the diagnosis, management and outcome of 4 @entity1 diagnosed with CIN 2/3 following chemoradiation. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe 4 @entity1 who developed CIN 2/3 seven months to 8 years following radiation therapy for locally advanced cervical @entity5 . All 4 @entity1 were asymptomatic and the abnormalities were first detected by a Pap test. Three of the @entity1 were managed conservatively with observation, and the CIN 2/3 resolved without intervention. One @entity1 underwent 2 cervical conizations followed by a hysterectomy with no residual @entity1141 noted on the hysterectomy specimen. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity1 with recurrent cervical @entity5 after chemoradiation are symptomatic, and most cases are detected by a physical examination. The role of cytology, colposcopy and biopsies may be of limited value. Furthermore, the significance of the diagnosis of CIN 2/3 in @entity1 previously treated with radiation therapy was not associated with recurrent disease in the 4 @entity1 described. Our results suggest that cytology may be of limited value in detecting recurrence in @entity1 following radiation therapy, even when CIN 2/3 is detected.

title: High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia following Radiation Therapy for Invasive XXXX : A Report of Four Cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: @entity1318 is an @entity1957 which leads to the functional obstruction of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) and is currently incurable. The main objective of all existing therapies is to achieve a reduction in the obstruction of the distal oesophagus in order to improve oesophageal transit, relieve the symptomatology, and prevent long-term complications. The most common treatments used are @entity384 ( @entity384 ) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy, which involves partial fundoplication with comparable short-term success rates. The most economic non-surgical therapy is @entity384 , with botulinum toxin injections reserved for @entity1 with a higher surgical risk for whom the former treatment option is unsuitable. A new technology is peroral endoscopic myotomy, postulated as a possible non-invasive alternative to surgical myotomy. Other endoluminal treatments subject to research more recently include injecting @entity8398 into the LES and using a temporary self-expanding metallic stent. At present, there is not enough evidence permitting a routine recommendation of any of these three novel methods. @entity1 must undergo follow-up after treatment to guarantee that their symptoms are under control and to prevent complications. Most experts are in favour of some form of endoscopic follow-up, however no established guidelines exist in this respect. The prognosis for @entity1 with @entity1318 is good, although a recurrence after treatment using any method requires new treatment.

title: Management of primary XXXX : The role of endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'Achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8398 :: ('MESH:D019856', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'pneumatic dilation']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal motor disorder']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of elderly @entity1 undergoing hepatic resection for surgical treatment of benign and malignant @entity5 is increasing. However, there is limited clinical data on the complications and long-term survival rates associated with liver surgery in the elderly @entity1 (>= 70 years) versus younger @entity1 for @entity409 . METHODS: Six electronic databases were searched for original published studies comparing elderly (>= 70) versus younger (<70) cohorts for @entity96 . Data were extracted and analysed according to predefined clinical endpoints. RESULTS: Twenty-seven comparative studies were identified, including 4769 elderly @entity1 versus 15   855 younger @entity1 (n = 20   624). There was significantly higher 30-day mortality in the elderly colorectal liver metastasis group (P < 0.00002) and significant difference between elderly and young in terms of overall survival (hazard ration (HR), 1.10; P = 0.02). However, there was no difference in disease-free survival (HR, 1.05; P = 0.27). @entity55 , @entity177 and @entity281 were more frequent in the elderly group. CONCLUSIONS: Liver resection for @entity5 in the elderly is associated with a greater 30-day mortality and overall mortality when compared with younger cohorts, but similar disease-free survival. Length of stay and transfusions were not significantly different @entity55 , @entity177 and @entity281 were more frequent in the elderly group.

title: Hepatic resection for XXXX in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['while pneumonia', 'Post-operative pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hepatic tumours', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver tumours']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver conditions']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['malignant liver tumours']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity378 ( @entity378 ) is a major global health problem, and new drugs and vaccines are urgently needed. As clinical trials in @entity1 require tremendous resources, preclinical drug and vaccine development largely relies on valid animal models that recapitulate the pathology of @entity1 disease and the immune responses of the host as closely as possible. Areas covered: This review describes the animal models used in @entity378 research, the most widely used being @entity19 , @entity840 and nonhuman primates. In addition, @entity95 and @entity291 provide models with a disease pathology resembling that of @entity1 . Invertebrate models, including the @entity238 and the Dictyostelium amoeba, have also been used to study @entity281 . Recently, the @entity3392 has emerged as a promising model for studying @entity281 . The @entity3392 model also facilitates the large-scale screening of drug and vaccine candidates. Expert opinion: Animal models are needed for @entity378 research and provide valuable information on the mechanisms of the disease and on ways of preventing it. However, the data obtained in animal studies need to be carefully interpreted and evaluated before making assumptions concerning @entity1 . With an increasing understanding of disease mechanisms, animal models can be further improved to best serve research goals.

title: Animal models in XXXX research - where is the beef?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies established that between generations changes in feeding protocol can have significant impact on reproductive physiology. The aim of the study was to determinate effects of mothers' nutrition and nutrition of the offspring on the characteristics of vaginal smear and serum lipid content. METHODS: Ten female @entity35 were randomly divided in two groups; first group fed with food containing high content of @entity1718 (HFD) and the second with standard laboratory chow ( @entity1050 ). After coupling and lactation period their offspring were further randomly divided into two subgroups fed HFD or @entity1050 forming four study groups: (a) @entity1050 - @entity1050 , (b) @entity1050 -HFD, (c) HFD- @entity1050 and (d) HFD-HFD. The dams and offspring at the age of 37 and 18 weeks, respectively, were subjected to biochemical analysis of the blood and cytological analysis of the vaginal smears. Additionally body weight was recorded and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. RESULTS: The HFD-HFD group presented with highest levels of @entity1674 and the @entity1050 -HFD with the highest levels of @entity165 . Therefore, @entity412 and @entity165 levels were significantly different among the groups (p   =   0.001 and p   =   0.002, respectively). Vaginal cytological smears analysis showed features of irregular phase interchanges or extended estrous phase in offspring of high-fat fed dams. CONCLUSION: Maternal HFD consumption predisposes offspring to increased risk of developing @entity209 and @entity74 .

title: Effects of between generations changes in nutrition type on vaginal smear and serum lipids in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['estrous disorders']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Undernutrition and @entity32 are related in many ways; for instance, non-hygienic environments are associated with both poor growth and immunostimulation in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To describe any existing interaction among different @entity32 biomarkers measured in the distinct anatomical compartments of whole blood, feces, plasma and saliva. METHODS: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, samples of whole blood, feces, plasma and saliva were collected on the 8th and last week of observation among 87 attendees (42 @entity1 and 45 @entity1 ) of 3 daycare centers offering a common 40-day rotating menu in Guatemala's Western Highlands. Analyses included white blood cell count (WBC), fecal calprotectin, and plasmatic and salivary cytokines including @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 and @entity310 . Associations were assessed using Spearman rank-order and goodness-of-fit correlations, as indicated, followed by backwards-elimination multiple regression analyses to determine predictor variables for @entity688 in both anatomical compartments. RESULTS: Of a total of 66 cross-tabulations in the Spearman hemi-matrix, 22 (33%) were significantly associated. All 10 paired associations among the salivary cytokines had a significant r value, whereas 7 of 10 possible associations among plasma cytokines were significant. Associations across anatomical compartments, however, were rarely significant. @entity688 in both biological fluids were higher than corresponding reference values. When a multiple regression model was run in order to determine independent predictors for @entity688 in each anatomical compartment separately, @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity310 emerged as predictors in plasma (r2 = 0.514) and @entity1356 , @entity687 and @entity310 remained as independent predictors in saliva (r2 = 0.762). Significant @entity2915 were seen with WBC, but not with fecal calprotectin. CONCLUSION: Interactions ranged from robust within the same anatomical compartment to limited to nil across distinct anatomical compartments. The prominence of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, @entity688 , in both plasma and saliva is consistent with its counter-regulatory role facing a broad front of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the same compartment.

title: Associations among Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Circulating, Plasmatic, Salivary and Intraluminal Anatomical Compartments in Apparently Healthy Preschool XXXX from the Western Highlands of Guatemala.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-interactions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: The ratio of the bioaccumulation factors for 32P and @entity3151 was determined for edible tissue in two species of freshwater fish by measuring the specific activity (32P activity per milligram @entity3151 ) in muscle relative to feed. The 32P tracer was added to the feed at a uniform level throughout the study. Feeding was at two levels: ad libitum and at a lower but constant intake per body weight. In the main experiment, @entity2084 were maintained in a large flow-through tank and sacrificed at approximately weekly intervals for 51 d of 32P accumulation and 28 d of depuration to compare the specific activity with values predicted with a calculational model. In experiments performed in smaller aquaria, the specific activity in @entity2084 and catfish muscle was compared at two feeding levels and two temperatures. In addition, unfed fish were exposed to 32P in water at a known specific activity to determine the extent of @entity3151 uptake directly from water. The pattern of specific activity increase and decrease in fish muscle during the accumulation/depuration experiment was consistent with a one-compartment model, so that specific activity ratios at steady state could be predicted from measurements during relatively brief exposures. On this basis, the ratio of the bioaccumulation factors of 32P and @entity3151 in fish feeding ad libitum was 0.081 for @entity2084 and 0.17 for catfish. Hence, at a mean @entity3151 bioaccumulation factor of 70,000, the factors for 32P are 6,000 and 12,000, respectively. The ratios were less at lower @entity3151 intakes associated with lower feeding rates; moreover, the lesser value for @entity2084 occurred at a much lower @entity3151 intake than by catfish. The bioaccumulation factor ratio was lower by an order of magnitude at a water temperature of 11 degrees C than at 16-27 degrees C, and was lower by two orders of magnitude when @entity3151 uptake was from water by unfed fish.

title: Bioaccumulation factor for 32P measured in XXXX , @entity2084 , and catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity2084 :: (13106,Species) :: ['bluegill']


abstract: The ratio of the bioaccumulation factors for 32P and @entity3151 was determined for edible tissue in two species of freshwater fish by measuring the specific activity (32P activity per milligram @entity3151 ) in muscle relative to feed. The 32P tracer was added to the feed at a uniform level throughout the study. Feeding was at two levels: ad libitum and at a lower but constant intake per body weight. In the main experiment, @entity2084 were maintained in a large flow-through tank and sacrificed at approximately weekly intervals for 51 d of 32P accumulation and 28 d of depuration to compare the specific activity with values predicted with a calculational model. In experiments performed in smaller aquaria, the specific activity in @entity2084 and catfish muscle was compared at two feeding levels and two temperatures. In addition, unfed fish were exposed to 32P in water at a known specific activity to determine the extent of @entity3151 uptake directly from water. The pattern of specific activity increase and decrease in fish muscle during the accumulation/depuration experiment was consistent with a one-compartment model, so that specific activity ratios at steady state could be predicted from measurements during relatively brief exposures. On this basis, the ratio of the bioaccumulation factors of 32P and @entity3151 in fish feeding ad libitum was 0.081 for @entity2084 and 0.17 for catfish. Hence, at a mean @entity3151 bioaccumulation factor of 70,000, the factors for 32P are 6,000 and 12,000, respectively. The ratios were less at lower @entity3151 intakes associated with lower feeding rates; moreover, the lesser value for @entity2084 occurred at a much lower @entity3151 intake than by catfish. The bioaccumulation factor ratio was lower by an order of magnitude at a water temperature of 11 degrees C than at 16-27 degrees C, and was lower by two orders of magnitude when @entity3151 uptake was from water by unfed fish.

title: Bioaccumulation factor for 32P measured in @entity2084 , XXXX , and catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.

answer: @entity2084 :: (13106,Species) :: ['Lepomis macrochirus']


abstract: Plasma fibronectin modulates macrophage phagocytic function and can also incorporate into the insoluble tissue pool of fibronectin where it influences endothelial cell adhesion and tissue integrity. We studied the effect of postoperative @entity2259 on lung protein clearance in relation to plasma fibronectin levels using the unanesthetized @entity742 lung lymph fistula model and the effect of infusion of purified @entity1 plasma fibronectin on lung protein clearance. @entity742 received live @entity796 (5 X 10(8) iv) at a time of normal plasma fibronectin (590 +/- 37 micrograms/ml) or 5 days later at a time corresponding to elevation of plasma fibronectin (921 +/- 114 micrograms/ml). After the first bacterial challenge, there was a 22% decrease (P less than 0.05) in plasma fibronectin. Lung lymph flow (QL) initially increased 308% (P less than 0.05) by 2 h (0 h = 4.7 +/- 1.1 ml/h; 2 h = 14.4 +/- 3.5 ml/h), and the total protein lymph-to-plasma concentration ratio (L/P) declined. This was followed by a sustained second phase response over 3-12 h which was characterized by a 202-393% elevation in QL (P less than 0.05), an increase in the L/P ratio, and a 240-480% (P less than 0.05) increase in lung transvascular protein clearance (TVPC = QL X L/P). @entity742 with elevated fibronectin levels also manifested the early (2 h) elevation in QL (P less than 0.05) coupled with a decline in L/P ratio after the second bacterial challenge, but the second-phase increase in TVPC was markedly attenuated. Intravenous infusion of 500 mg of @entity1 plasma fibronectin into normal @entity742 to elevate the fibronectin level comparable to that in the hyperfibronectinemic @entity742 also attenuated (P less than 0.05) the second-phase (3-12 h) increase in lung protein clearance with @entity295 . Thus elevation of plasma fibronectin during postoperative Gram-negative @entity2259 may protect the lung vascular barrier. This response may be mediated by either fibronectin's opsonic support of phagocytic function or its influence on lung endothelial cell adhesion.

title: Plasma fibronectin therapy and lung protein clearance with XXXX after surgery.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: The identification of @entity28 as a pathological diagnosis depends on an accurate assessment of body @entity1386 and a correlation of @entity1386 with pathological consequences. Because total body fat varies with body weight, the proportion of body weight that is fat is probably a more reliable indicator of risk. Among @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents, several problems have hindered the development of accurate clinical measures of percent body fat and total body fat. First, the use of direct methods to measure body composition is limited by expense and labor. Second, the relationship between anthropometric indexes and body composition in @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents has not been intensively studied. Third, sample sizes of normal weight @entity1 have been too small to permit the development of diagnostic criteria. Fourth, the triceps skinfold is less reproducible in overweight subjects. Increases in lean body mass in @entity28 adolescents may confound the use of the body mass index as a measure of adiposity. Current laboratory methods for the measurement of body composition include: (1) underwater weighing, (2) 40K counting, (3) isotopic dilution measures, (4) neutron activation, and (5) electrical impedance. This article examines relationships between those methods and anthropometry in the measurement of @entity1386 in @entity1 and adolescents, as well as the difficulties in measuring body @entity1386 and the importance of body fat distribution and its relationship to morbidity in @entity1 . Current evidence suggests an association of morbidity and upper segment @entity28 in adults. Corresponding studies in @entity1 and adolescents are yet to be carried out.

title: Assessment of body XXXX in @entity28 : evaluation of laboratory and anthropometric techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['fatness']


abstract: The identification of @entity28 as a pathological diagnosis depends on an accurate assessment of body @entity1386 and a correlation of @entity1386 with pathological consequences. Because total body fat varies with body weight, the proportion of body weight that is fat is probably a more reliable indicator of risk. Among @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents, several problems have hindered the development of accurate clinical measures of percent body fat and total body fat. First, the use of direct methods to measure body composition is limited by expense and labor. Second, the relationship between anthropometric indexes and body composition in @entity28 @entity1 and adolescents has not been intensively studied. Third, sample sizes of normal weight @entity1 have been too small to permit the development of diagnostic criteria. Fourth, the triceps skinfold is less reproducible in overweight subjects. Increases in lean body mass in @entity28 adolescents may confound the use of the body mass index as a measure of adiposity. Current laboratory methods for the measurement of body composition include: (1) underwater weighing, (2) 40K counting, (3) isotopic dilution measures, (4) neutron activation, and (5) electrical impedance. This article examines relationships between those methods and anthropometry in the measurement of @entity1386 in @entity1 and adolescents, as well as the difficulties in measuring body @entity1386 and the importance of body fat distribution and its relationship to morbidity in @entity1 . Current evidence suggests an association of morbidity and upper segment @entity28 in adults. Corresponding studies in @entity1 and adolescents are yet to be carried out.

title: Assessment of body @entity1386 in XXXX : evaluation of laboratory and anthropometric techniques.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: To elucidate the effects of coronary thrombolytic therapy in acute @entity583 , we observed serially the degree of left ventricular (LV) wall motion immediately after on day 1, and on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after thrombolytic therapy, in 22 @entity1 with @entity583 . Base-line coronary arteriography revealed significant lesions in the proximal portions of the left anterior descending artery of all the @entity1 . The @entity1 were categorized according to results of thrombolytic therapy as Group I-a: seven @entity1 with spontaneous or successful recanalization within three hours of onset of @entity662 ; Group I-b: nine @entity1 with successful recanalization between three and seven hours, with a mean of 4.8 hours from onset; and Group II: six @entity1 in whom thrombolytic therapy was unsuccessful and infarct-related vessels remained totally occluded. The LV wall motion index (WMI) was defined as the sum of point scores for the degrees of regional wall motion at nine segments on serial two-dimensional echocardiograms, and used for quantitative assessments of LV function. Results were as follows: On day 1, immediately after thrombolytic therapy, the WMI of Group I-a was smaller than that of Group II. However, there was no significant difference between Groups I-a and I-b and between Groups I-b and II. These findings suggest that LV function cannot be recovered immediately after recanalization of occluded arteries unless recanalization occurs exceptionally early. Percent improvement of the WMI from days 1 to 28 in Group I-a, 65 +/- 14%, was significantly greater than that in Group I-b, 31 +/- 18%. However, Group II did not show significant improvement in the WMI. The WMI in Group I-a decreased significantly from days 1 to 7 (9.0 +/- 1.6 vs 7.1 +/- 1.8, p less than 0.05); whereas, the WMI in Group I-b showed no significant decrease until day 21. On day 1, the regional wall motion of the antero-apical wall was @entity2845 or @entity910 in all @entity1 studied. On day 28, it improved in six of seven @entity1 in Group I-a, while it remained @entity2845 or @entity910 in all @entity1 in Groups I-b and II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Coronary thrombolytic therapy in acute XXXX : time dependence of beneficial effects assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to document in vivo neuronal sprouting in response to local @entity130 of the mature cerebral neocortex. The experimental approach enabled direct and unequivocal ultrastructural identification of newly sprouted neuronal processes and their synaptic relationships. Morphologically detectable factors that influence neuronal sprouting were also assessed. Tiny fragments of porous, synthetic membrane were implanted into the mature neocortex of the @entity35 . After one week, axons, dendrites, growth cone-like structures, synapses, and processes from astrocytes and microglia were present deep within the interstices of the implant. Morphometric analysis of synapses within the implant, support the qualitative impression of active @entity528 and de novo synaptogenesis by these sprouted elements. Astrocytic processes appear to comprise the major barrier to neuronal invasion of the implant. Several observations suggested that glia sometimes may facilitate @entity528 . These findings provide direct morphological documentation of axonal and dendritic plasticity in the mature @entity35 neocortex. The work demonstrates a strategy that could be useful for further evaluating the cellular mechanism of in vivo neuronal regeneration.

title: Morphological responses to local CNS XXXX : sprouting and synaptogenesis within membranes implanted into mature cerebral cortex of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal ingrowth']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to document in vivo neuronal sprouting in response to local @entity130 of the mature cerebral neocortex. The experimental approach enabled direct and unequivocal ultrastructural identification of newly sprouted neuronal processes and their synaptic relationships. Morphologically detectable factors that influence neuronal sprouting were also assessed. Tiny fragments of porous, synthetic membrane were implanted into the mature neocortex of the @entity35 . After one week, axons, dendrites, growth cone-like structures, synapses, and processes from astrocytes and microglia were present deep within the interstices of the implant. Morphometric analysis of synapses within the implant, support the qualitative impression of active @entity528 and de novo synaptogenesis by these sprouted elements. Astrocytic processes appear to comprise the major barrier to neuronal invasion of the implant. Several observations suggested that glia sometimes may facilitate @entity528 . These findings provide direct morphological documentation of axonal and dendritic plasticity in the mature @entity35 neocortex. The work demonstrates a strategy that could be useful for further evaluating the cellular mechanism of in vivo neuronal regeneration.

title: Morphological responses to local CNS @entity130 : sprouting and synaptogenesis within membranes implanted into mature cerebral cortex of the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Intracellular recording techniques have been used to study neurons that respond to low- and to high-intensity mechanical stimulation of the skin of the hindpaw (wide dynamic range or multireceptive cells) in the deep dorsal horn of the fourth lumbar segment of the spinal cord, in decerebrate-spinal @entity35 . Electrical stimulation of the A-fibers in the sciatic nerve produced a short-latency response in all 32 neurons studied. A long-latency prolonged excitation was produced in 28 of the 32 neurons when the unmyelinated afferents in the sciatic nerve were activated. This paper describes the physiological properties of 12 multireceptive cells with A- and @entity7183 inputs, whose cell body location was established by horseradish peroxidase ionophoresis and the morphology of six neurons in this group whose cell bodies lay within lamina V. Single stimuli to the sciatic nerve at an intensity high enough to activate unmyelinated afferent fibers ( @entity7183 strength) produced two patterns of response in the neurons. In five neurons a number of long-latency postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) clearly separated from the short-latency A-fiber evoked PSPs were produced, resulting in an early discharge, a silent period, and a late discharge. The second pattern, found in seven neurons, was a long-lasting depolarization, only generated by C-strength stimuli, which continued from the early A-fiber evoked PSPs, peaked at 100-200 ms, and lasted for 300-500 ms, producing in six cases a continuous burst of action potentials with a maximal frequency at the expected latency of the C-afferent fiber input but with no clear A- and @entity7183 evoked banding of the action potentials. This postsynaptic depolarization was large enough to inactivate action potentials in one cell. Repeated stimuli to the sciatic nerve (1 Hz for 10 s) at @entity7183 strength produced five different types of response in the neurons. In three neurons a progressive increase in the size and duration of the @entity7183 PSPs occurred, resulting in an increase in the number of action potentials (windup), whereas in two, the repeated stimulation resulted in a progressive moderate depolarization of the neurons and an increase in the total number of action potentials evoked at both early and late latencies. Large depolarizations, sufficient to partially inactivate action potentials, developed during the repeated stimulation in two cells, effectively reducing the number of spikes evoked per stimulus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Physiology and morphology of multireceptive neurons with C-afferent fiber inputs in the deep dorsal horn of the XXXX lumbar spinal cord.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: One hundred @entity1 who were in extremis and required Emergency Room Thoracotomy (ERT) after sustaining penetrating @entity764 were analyzed to compare the results of attempted stabilization in the field (n = 51) with those who had immediate transportation (n = 49). The clinical status of the @entity1 in the field and in the E.R. was quantified by @entity130 Score (TS) as well as Physiologic Index (PI), ranging in severity from 20 (clinically dead) to 5 (stable). The anatomic injury severity was expressed by Penetrating @entity130 Index (PTI). Survival was analyzed according to the type of injuries: noncardiac and cardiac. The overall survival was 10%. There was only one survivor with noncardiac injuries. Sixty-nine @entity1 had cardiac penetration, 33 in Group I (stabilization) and 36 in Group II (immediate transport). Despite attempts at stabilization, none of the @entity1 in Group I showed an improvement in clinical status from the scene to the emergency room. There were a higher number of @entity1 arriving at the E.R. with signs of life in Group II compared to Group I. In Group II @entity1 , survival was significantly improved overall (p = 0.01), in @entity1 with signs of life on arrival at the hospital (p = 0.02) and in @entity1 with isolated right ventricular wounds (p = 0.01) compared with Group I. The anatomic injury severity (PTI) as well as the mode of injury in the two groups was similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Penetrating XXXX : in-field stabilization vs. prompt transport.

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injuries']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic injuries']


abstract: The fate of 48 @entity1 with clinical stage T3 @entity263 after attempted curative surgical management was studied. In 23 of these @entity1 positive frozen sections of the lymph nodes were found at pelvic lymphadenectomy and orchiectomy was performed. The median interval to progression was 61 months. Radical prostatectomy was performed in the remaining 25 @entity1 . In 4 of these @entity1 positive lymph nodes were found on paraffin sections but no additional treatment was given. Over-all, @entity5 removal as defined by negative lymph nodes and negative margins of resection could be achieved in 14 of the 48 @entity1 (29 per cent). During the same period 34 @entity1 with clinical state T less than 3 @entity263 were treated in a similar manner. Orchiectomy was done in 4 @entity1 because of positive frozen sections of the lymph nodes and radical prostatectomy was done in 30, including 1 in whom positive paraffin sections of the lymph nodes were found but no additional treatment was given. An attempt was made to study the impact of several prognostic factors by comparing the probability of progression between @entity1 with stage pT3 disease with (T3pT3N0) or without (T less than 3pT3N0) extracapsular @entity5 growth as determined by preoperative rectal examination (36 versus 27 per cent progression at 3 years), with or without positive margins of resection (45 versus 20 per cent progression at 3 years) and with or without involvement of the seminal vesicles (47 versus 18 per cent progression at 3 years). Our results suggest that a certain proportion of @entity1 with clinical stage T3 disease will benefit from radical prostatectomy. This is to be expected especially in @entity1 with stage T3pT3N0 @entity5 and negative margins.

title: Surgical treatment of locally advanced (T3) XXXX : early results.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'total tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: Recent evidence favors the view of @entity2436 as an @entity4148 , frequently associated with @entity1316 , but also observed in neurological, neurodevelopmental, physical and toxic conditions. From our systematic literature review, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) results effective in all forms of @entity2436 , even after pharmacotherapy with @entity1245 has failed. Response rate ranges from 80% to 100% and results superior to those of any other therapy in psychiatry. ECT should be considered first-line treatment in @entity1 with malignant @entity2436 , @entity3326 , @entity162 or severe @entity2437 excitement, and in general in all @entity2437 @entity1 that are refractory or partially responsive to @entity1245 . Early intervention with ECT is encouraged to avoid undue deterioration of the @entity1 's medical condition. Little is known about the long-term treatment outcomes following administration of ECT for @entity2436 . The presence of a concomitant chronic neurologic disease or @entity21 seems to be related to ECT non-response. On the contrary, the presence of acute, severe and @entity6406 is associated with good response. Severe @entity716 features in responders may be related with a prominent GABAergic mediated @entity51 , whereas non-responders may be characterized by a prevalent dopaminergic mediated @entity21 . These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that ECT is more effective in "top-down" variant of @entity2436 , in which the @entity1155 may be sustained by a dysregulation of the orbitofrontal cortex, than in "bottom-up" variant, in which an @entity21 may be prevalent. Future research should focus on ECT response in different subtype of @entity2436 and on efficacy of maintenance ECT in long-term prevention of recurrent @entity2436 . Further research on mechanism of action of ECT in @entity2436 may also contribute to the development of other brain stimulation techniques.

title: Electroconvulsive therapy in XXXX @entity1 : Efficacy and predictors of response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['neuroleptic malignant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['delirious mania']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in orbitofrontal cortex']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomous syndrome']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity6406 :: ('MESH:D000341', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal dysregulation', 'extrapyramidal deficit']

entities_list: @entity2436 :: ('MESH:D002389', 'Disease') :: ['catatonia']

entities_list: @entity2437 :: ('MESH:D012560', 'Disease') :: ['catatonic']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor syndrome']

answer: @entity2437 :: (MESH:D012560,Disease) :: ['catatonic']


abstract: Recent evidence favors the view of @entity2436 as an @entity4148 , frequently associated with @entity1316 , but also observed in neurological, neurodevelopmental, physical and toxic conditions. From our systematic literature review, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) results effective in all forms of @entity2436 , even after pharmacotherapy with @entity1245 has failed. Response rate ranges from 80% to 100% and results superior to those of any other therapy in psychiatry. ECT should be considered first-line treatment in @entity1 with malignant @entity2436 , @entity3326 , @entity162 or severe @entity2437 excitement, and in general in all @entity2437 @entity1 that are refractory or partially responsive to @entity1245 . Early intervention with ECT is encouraged to avoid undue deterioration of the @entity1 's medical condition. Little is known about the long-term treatment outcomes following administration of ECT for @entity2436 . The presence of a concomitant chronic neurologic disease or @entity21 seems to be related to ECT non-response. On the contrary, the presence of acute, severe and @entity6406 is associated with good response. Severe @entity716 features in responders may be related with a prominent GABAergic mediated @entity51 , whereas non-responders may be characterized by a prevalent dopaminergic mediated @entity21 . These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that ECT is more effective in "top-down" variant of @entity2436 , in which the @entity1155 may be sustained by a dysregulation of the orbitofrontal cortex, than in "bottom-up" variant, in which an @entity21 may be prevalent. Future research should focus on ECT response in different subtype of @entity2436 and on efficacy of maintenance ECT in long-term prevention of recurrent @entity2436 . Further research on mechanism of action of ECT in @entity2436 may also contribute to the development of other brain stimulation techniques.

title: Electroconvulsive therapy in @entity2437 XXXX : Efficacy and predictors of response.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Invasive @entity364 (IFI) is described increasingly in individuals experiencing high-energy military @entity130 . Hallmarks of successful treatment involve @entity146 and early initiation of systemic antimicrobial therapy. Currently, intravenous anti-fungal therapy commences based on appearance of wounds and @entity1 's clinical course. Whereas some clinical protocols exist to predict which critically injured @entity1 should receive anti-fungal therapies, there are no established serum markers associated with IFI. Our hypothesis is that serum inflammatory cytokines exist that can assist in identifying individuals at risk for IFI. METHODS: This is a retrospective case control study at a single institution. Nine @entity1 with IFI (Saksenaea vasiformis, Fusarium sp., Graphium sp., Scedosporium sp., Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., and Alternaria sp.) after battlefield @entity130 were matched to nine individuals with similar injury patterns whose laboratory results were negative for IFI. The combination of serum inflammatory cytokines from the first and second debridements was examined with multiplex platform proteomic analysis. We defined statistical significance as a two-tailed a<0.05 after adjusting for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate method. This model was refined further with correlation-based filter selection and the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) was tested. RESULTS: Both groups had similar Injury Severity Scores (ISS) (mean  standard deviation [SD]) (26.8  15.5 vs. 29.2  16.8, p=0.766). Elevated @entity5737 (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) alone (10,492.8  4,450.1 vs. 5,333.3  4,162.2, p=0.006) correlated with IFI. Also, the combination of persistent elevations in @entity5737 , interleukin (IL)-2R, and @entity8252 was a robust model for predicting IFI with the AUROC being 0.9. CONCLUSIONS: Elevation in serum cytokines, particularly @entity5737 , correlated with IFI in this small group of @entity1 . This demonstrates the potential of future rapid serum testing for early initiation and guidance of anti-fungal therapies.

title: Serum Inflammatory Cytokine Markers of Invasive XXXX in Previously Immunocompetent Battle Casualties.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive surgical debridement']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Fungal Infection']


abstract: The phagocytosis of erythrocytes by macrophages has previously been shown to depress macrophage function. In this study we compared the effect of the phagocytosis of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts by Kupffer cells on the duration of the @entity308 of complement receptor clearance function and host defense against @entity5694 and @entity2259 . Phagocytosis of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts was induced in @entity35 by the injection of @entity35 erythrocytes or erythrocyte ghosts coated with anti-rat erythrocyte immunoglobulin G (EIgG and GIgG, respectively). The hepatic uptake of EIgG and GIgG (17.4 X 10(8)/100 g) occurred during the first 30 min after injection. The digestion of phagocytized EIgG and GIgG, as assessed by electron microscopy, was complete at 24 and 3 h after injection, respectively. The @entity308 of Kupffer cell complement receptor clearance function caused by EIgG and GIgG returned to normal by 6 h after injection of EIgG and by 3 h after injection of GIgG. Phagocytosis of EIgG depressed the survival rate after @entity5694 and @entity2259 when endotoxin or bacteria were injected at 30 min after EIgG. The survival rate returned to normal when the endotoxin and bacteria were injected at 12 and 6 h after the EIgG, respectively. Phagocytosis of GIgG did not depress the survival rate after @entity5694 and @entity2259 . Thus, compared with erythrocytes, erythrocyte ghosts are more rapidly digested after phagocytosis, depress complement receptor function for a shorter period of time, and cause less @entity308 of host defense. These findings indicate that the contents of erythrocytes play an important role in the impairment of host defense caused by the phagocytosis of erythrocytes by Kupffer cells.

title: Effect of Kupffer cell phagocytosis of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts on susceptibility to XXXX and @entity2259 .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: The phagocytosis of erythrocytes by macrophages has previously been shown to depress macrophage function. In this study we compared the effect of the phagocytosis of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts by Kupffer cells on the duration of the @entity308 of complement receptor clearance function and host defense against @entity5694 and @entity2259 . Phagocytosis of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts was induced in @entity35 by the injection of @entity35 erythrocytes or erythrocyte ghosts coated with anti-rat erythrocyte immunoglobulin G (EIgG and GIgG, respectively). The hepatic uptake of EIgG and GIgG (17.4 X 10(8)/100 g) occurred during the first 30 min after injection. The digestion of phagocytized EIgG and GIgG, as assessed by electron microscopy, was complete at 24 and 3 h after injection, respectively. The @entity308 of Kupffer cell complement receptor clearance function caused by EIgG and GIgG returned to normal by 6 h after injection of EIgG and by 3 h after injection of GIgG. Phagocytosis of EIgG depressed the survival rate after @entity5694 and @entity2259 when endotoxin or bacteria were injected at 30 min after EIgG. The survival rate returned to normal when the endotoxin and bacteria were injected at 12 and 6 h after the EIgG, respectively. Phagocytosis of GIgG did not depress the survival rate after @entity5694 and @entity2259 . Thus, compared with erythrocytes, erythrocyte ghosts are more rapidly digested after phagocytosis, depress complement receptor function for a shorter period of time, and cause less @entity308 of host defense. These findings indicate that the contents of erythrocytes play an important role in the impairment of host defense caused by the phagocytosis of erythrocytes by Kupffer cells.

title: Effect of Kupffer cell phagocytosis of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghosts on susceptibility to @entity5694 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies of the protective effect of breastfeeding on @entity565 have not brought unequivocal results, and thus this issue remains controversial. Antibiotic use, known to increase @entity565 risk, may be involved in this relationship. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of breastfeeding duration on @entity28 and @entity565 risk in childhood and to test a mediating role of antibiotic use in infancy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional anthropometric and questionnaire study was conducted on 1,277 schoolchildren 8 years of age. Data on weight status, @entity565 , breastfeeding duration, antibiotic administration in infancy, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle were analyzed. Multivariate standard and logistic regression and mediation analyses, controlling for confounders, were applied. RESULTS: Total duration of breastfeeding was negatively related to the @entity1 's body mass index (p=0.038), fat percentage (p=0.030), and @entity28 risk (p=0.032). Dropping the variable of antibiotic use from the model made the breastfeeding duration a significant predictor of low @entity565 risk (p=0.027). Antibiotic treatment mediated the relationship between breastfeeding duration and @entity565 risk (Sobel's z=-2.61, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support protective effects of longer duration of breastfeeding against @entity28 and @entity565 . We propose a new mechanism for a relationship between breastfeeding and @entity565 : shorter breastfeeding compromises @entity1 health and thereby leads to antibiotic treatment, which in turn increases the risk of @entity565 .

title: Is the Relationship Between Breastfeeding and Childhood Risk of Asthma and XXXX Mediated by Infant Antibiotic Treatment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The ideal alloplastic implant for correction of traumatic @entity85 has not been adequately examined. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety profile and postoperative results of expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) implants used in functional nasal surgery (FNS) in the setting of traumatic @entity85 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We conducted a 13-year retrospective medical chart review for @entity1 treated at a tertiary academic facial plastic and reconstructive surgery practice between July 1999 and July 2012. A total of 404 FNS procedures were performed by a single surgeon during this period, 255 to repair @entity85 , 35 of these involving ePTFE implants. @entity1 demographics, medical comorbidities, operative and technical considerations, functional and aesthetic results, complications, and postoperative course findings were collected from @entity1 records. In addition, preoperative and postoperative photographic documents were examined. EXPOSURES: Functional nasal surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: @entity260 or presentations necessitating revision. RESULTS: A total of 404 @entity1 (197 male, 207 female) underwent FNS. Of those, 255 procedures were to treat @entity85 . Forty @entity1 altogether required the use of an ePTFE implant, 35 of those 40 deformities being associated with a @entity130 . One of the 35 @entity1 in the ePTFE-repaired @entity85 group experienced @entity86 . This @entity1 ultimately developed exposure after the @entity281 failed to resolve with oral antibiotics, and the implant was removed. An additional @entity1 in the ePTFE group required revision of the implant owing to contour irregularity and aesthetic concerns. No @entity281 or other complications occurred among the 220 @entity1 with @entity85 treated with autologous grafts. Analysis of other variables including sex, @entity286 use, @entity6 , immunosuppression, implant thickness, suture material, and prior septorhinoplasty were not associated with increased rate of @entity281 (P   >   .05 for all). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In the setting of traumatic nasal deformities requiring FNS, ePTFE implants can be used at the level of the nasal dorsum, where soft tissue coverage is often adequate, with a low risk of complications.

title: Safety and Efficacy of Expanded @entity736 Implants in the Surgical Management of Traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['nasal deformity', 'traumatic deformity', 'traumatic deformities']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Nasal Deformity']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The ideal alloplastic implant for correction of traumatic @entity85 has not been adequately examined. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety profile and postoperative results of expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) implants used in functional nasal surgery (FNS) in the setting of traumatic @entity85 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We conducted a 13-year retrospective medical chart review for @entity1 treated at a tertiary academic facial plastic and reconstructive surgery practice between July 1999 and July 2012. A total of 404 FNS procedures were performed by a single surgeon during this period, 255 to repair @entity85 , 35 of these involving ePTFE implants. @entity1 demographics, medical comorbidities, operative and technical considerations, functional and aesthetic results, complications, and postoperative course findings were collected from @entity1 records. In addition, preoperative and postoperative photographic documents were examined. EXPOSURES: Functional nasal surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: @entity260 or presentations necessitating revision. RESULTS: A total of 404 @entity1 (197 male, 207 female) underwent FNS. Of those, 255 procedures were to treat @entity85 . Forty @entity1 altogether required the use of an ePTFE implant, 35 of those 40 deformities being associated with a @entity130 . One of the 35 @entity1 in the ePTFE-repaired @entity85 group experienced @entity86 . This @entity1 ultimately developed exposure after the @entity281 failed to resolve with oral antibiotics, and the implant was removed. An additional @entity1 in the ePTFE group required revision of the implant owing to contour irregularity and aesthetic concerns. No @entity281 or other complications occurred among the 220 @entity1 with @entity85 treated with autologous grafts. Analysis of other variables including sex, @entity286 use, @entity6 , immunosuppression, implant thickness, suture material, and prior septorhinoplasty were not associated with increased rate of @entity281 (P   >   .05 for all). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In the setting of traumatic nasal deformities requiring FNS, ePTFE implants can be used at the level of the nasal dorsum, where soft tissue coverage is often adequate, with a low risk of complications.

title: Safety and Efficacy of Expanded XXXX Implants in the Surgical Management of Traumatic @entity85 .

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['Polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify computer extracted in vivo dynamic contrast enhanced ( @entity9150 ) MRI markers associated with quantitative histomorphometric (QH) characteristics of microvessels and Gleason scores (GS) in @entity263 . METHODS: This study considered retrospective data from 23 biopsy confirmed @entity263 @entity1 who underwent 3 Tesla multiparametric MRI before radical prostatectomy (RP). Representative slices from RP specimens were stained with vascular marker @entity2279 . @entity5 extent was mapped from RP sections onto @entity9150 MRI using nonlinear registration methods. Seventy-seven microvessel QH features and 18 @entity9150 MRI kinetic features were extracted and evaluated for their ability to distinguish low from intermediate and high GS. The effect of temporal sampling on kinetic features was assessed and correlations between those robust to temporal resolution and microvessel features discriminative of GS were examined. RESULTS: A total of 12 microvessel architectural features were discriminative of low and intermediate/high grade @entity5 with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) > 0.7. These features were most highly correlated with mean @entity34004 ( @entity34004 ) (max rho = -0.62). Independent analysis revealed @entity34004 to be moderately robust to temporal resolution (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.63) and @entity34004 variance, which was poorly correlated with microvessel features, to be predictive of low grade @entity5 (AUC = 0.77). Enhancement ratio was the most robust (ICC = 0.96) and discriminative (AUC = 0.78) kinetic feature but was moderately correlated with microvessel features (max rho = -0.52). CONCLUSION: Computer extracted features of prostate @entity9150 MRI appear to be correlated with microvessel architecture and may be discriminative of low versus intermediate and high GS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Identifying in vivo @entity9150 MRI markers associated with microvessel architecture and gleason grades of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity34004 :: ('MESH:D000141', 'Disease') :: ['WG', 'washout gradient']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']