abstract: Importance: Community-based surveys find that many otherwise healthy individuals report histories of @entity1833 and delusions. To date, most studies have focused on the overall lifetime prevalence of any of these @entity716 experiences (PEs), which might mask important features related to the types and frequencies of PEs. Objective: To explore detailed epidemiologic information about PEs in a large multinational sample. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : We obtained data from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, a coordinated set of community epidemiologic surveys of the prevalence and correlates of @entity146 in representative household samples from 18 countries throughout the world, from 2001 through 2009. Respondents included 31 261 adults (18 years and older) who were asked about lifetime and 12-month prevalence and frequency of 6 types of PEs (2 hallucinatory experiences and 4 delusional experiences). We analyzed the data from March 2014 through January 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures: Prevalence, frequency, and correlates of PEs. Results: Mean lifetime prevalence (SE) of ever having a PE was 5.8% (0.2%), with hallucinatory experiences (5.2% [0.2%]) much more common than delusional experiences (1.3% [0.1%]). More than two-thirds (72.0%) of respondents with lifetime PEs reported experiencing only 1 type. @entity716 experiences were typically infrequent, with 32.2% of respondents with lifetime PEs reporting only 1 occurrence and 31.8% reporting only 2 to 5 occurrences. We found a significant relationship between having more than 1 type of PE and having more frequent PE episodes (Cochran-Armitage z   =   -10.0; P   <   .001). Lifetime prevalence estimates (SEs) were significantly higher among respondents in middle- and high-income countries than among those in low-income countries (7.2% [0.4%], 6.8% [0.3%], and 3.2% [0.3%], respectively;   22 range, 7.1-58.2; P   <   .001 for each) and among @entity1 than among @entity1 (6.6% [0.2%] vs 5.0% [0.3%];   21   =   16.0; P   <   .001). We found significant associations with lifetime prevalence of PEs in the multivariate model among nonmarried compared with married respondents (  22   =   23.2; P   <   .001) and among respondents who were not employed (  24   =   10.6; P   <   .001) and who had low family incomes (  23   =   16.9; P   <   .001). Conclusions and Relevance: The epidemiologic features of PEs are more nuanced than previously thought. Research is needed that focuses on similarities and differences in the predictors of the onset, course, and consequences of distinct PEs.

title: XXXX Experiences in the General Population: A Cross-National Analysis Based on 31   261 Respondents From 18 Countries.

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'Psychotic']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['Psychotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractures of the clavicle present very common injuries with a peak of incidence in young active @entity1 . Recently published randomized clinical trials demonstrated an improved functional outcome and a lower rate of nonunions in comparison to non-operative treatment. Anterior chest wall @entity1183 due to @entity282 constitute common surgery related complications in plate fixation of displaced @entity174 . We recently developed a technique for mini open plating (MOP) of the clavicle to reduce postoperative @entity1183 and @entity158 . The purpose of this study was to analyze the size of anterior chest wall @entity1183 and the intensity of @entity282 in MOP in comparison to @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) of @entity174 . METHODS: 24 @entity1 (mean age 38.2    14.2 yrs.) with a displaced @entity174 of the clavicle (Orthopaedic Trauma Association B1.2-C1.2) surgically treated using a @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ) were enrolled. 12 @entity1 underwent MOP and another 12 @entity1 @entity1538 . Anterior chest wall @entity1183 was measured with a transparency grid on the second postoperative day and at the six months follow-up. @entity282 was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). RESULTS: Mean ratio of skin incision length to plate length was 0.61    0.04 in the MOP group and 0.85    0.06 in the @entity1538 group (p < 0.05). Mean ratio of the area of anterior chest wall @entity1183 to plate length was postoperative 7.6    5.9 (six months follow-up 4.7    3.9) in the MOP group and 22.1    19.1 (16.9    14.1) in the @entity1538 group (p < 0.05). Mean VAS was 2.6    1.4 points in the MOP group and 3.4    1.6 points in the @entity1538 group (p = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, MOP significantly reduced anterior chest wall @entity1183 in comparison to a conventional open approach postoperative as well as at the six months follow-up. @entity282 tended to be lower in the MOP group, however this difference was not statistically significant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02247778 . Registered 21 September 2014.

title: Does a minimal invasive approach reduce anterior chest wall XXXX and @entity282 in plate fixation of @entity174 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['COP', 'conventional open plating']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['clavicle fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['LCP', 'locking compression plate']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain', 'injury of the supraclavicular nerve and postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1183 :: (MESH:D006987,Disease) :: ['numbness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractures of the clavicle present very common injuries with a peak of incidence in young active @entity1 . Recently published randomized clinical trials demonstrated an improved functional outcome and a lower rate of nonunions in comparison to non-operative treatment. Anterior chest wall @entity1183 due to @entity282 constitute common surgery related complications in plate fixation of displaced @entity174 . We recently developed a technique for mini open plating (MOP) of the clavicle to reduce postoperative @entity1183 and @entity158 . The purpose of this study was to analyze the size of anterior chest wall @entity1183 and the intensity of @entity282 in MOP in comparison to @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) of @entity174 . METHODS: 24 @entity1 (mean age 38.2    14.2 yrs.) with a displaced @entity174 of the clavicle (Orthopaedic Trauma Association B1.2-C1.2) surgically treated using a @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ) were enrolled. 12 @entity1 underwent MOP and another 12 @entity1 @entity1538 . Anterior chest wall @entity1183 was measured with a transparency grid on the second postoperative day and at the six months follow-up. @entity282 was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). RESULTS: Mean ratio of skin incision length to plate length was 0.61    0.04 in the MOP group and 0.85    0.06 in the @entity1538 group (p < 0.05). Mean ratio of the area of anterior chest wall @entity1183 to plate length was postoperative 7.6    5.9 (six months follow-up 4.7    3.9) in the MOP group and 22.1    19.1 (16.9    14.1) in the @entity1538 group (p < 0.05). Mean VAS was 2.6    1.4 points in the MOP group and 3.4    1.6 points in the @entity1538 group (p = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, MOP significantly reduced anterior chest wall @entity1183 in comparison to a conventional open approach postoperative as well as at the six months follow-up. @entity282 tended to be lower in the MOP group, however this difference was not statistically significant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02247778 . Registered 21 September 2014.

title: Does a minimal invasive approach reduce anterior chest wall @entity1183 and XXXX in plate fixation of @entity174 ?

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractures of the clavicle present very common injuries with a peak of incidence in young active @entity1 . Recently published randomized clinical trials demonstrated an improved functional outcome and a lower rate of nonunions in comparison to non-operative treatment. Anterior chest wall @entity1183 due to @entity282 constitute common surgery related complications in plate fixation of displaced @entity174 . We recently developed a technique for mini open plating (MOP) of the clavicle to reduce postoperative @entity1183 and @entity158 . The purpose of this study was to analyze the size of anterior chest wall @entity1183 and the intensity of @entity282 in MOP in comparison to @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) of @entity174 . METHODS: 24 @entity1 (mean age 38.2    14.2 yrs.) with a displaced @entity174 of the clavicle (Orthopaedic Trauma Association B1.2-C1.2) surgically treated using a @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ) were enrolled. 12 @entity1 underwent MOP and another 12 @entity1 @entity1538 . Anterior chest wall @entity1183 was measured with a transparency grid on the second postoperative day and at the six months follow-up. @entity282 was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). RESULTS: Mean ratio of skin incision length to plate length was 0.61    0.04 in the MOP group and 0.85    0.06 in the @entity1538 group (p < 0.05). Mean ratio of the area of anterior chest wall @entity1183 to plate length was postoperative 7.6    5.9 (six months follow-up 4.7    3.9) in the MOP group and 22.1    19.1 (16.9    14.1) in the @entity1538 group (p < 0.05). Mean VAS was 2.6    1.4 points in the MOP group and 3.4    1.6 points in the @entity1538 group (p = 0.20). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, MOP significantly reduced anterior chest wall @entity1183 in comparison to a conventional open approach postoperative as well as at the six months follow-up. @entity282 tended to be lower in the MOP group, however this difference was not statistically significant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02247778 . Registered 21 September 2014.

title: Does a minimal invasive approach reduce anterior chest wall @entity1183 and @entity282 in plate fixation of XXXX ?

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['clavicle fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to develop a new formula to estimate the @entity8 in both @entity1 and adults; then compare the new formula with previously published formulas. METHODS: Renal depth and total thickness (T, cm) of the body at the level of the kidneys were measured by CT in 113 @entity1 and 246 adults. Their sex, age, height (H, cm), and weight (W, kg) were recorded. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis were conducted, using data from @entity1 and adults together. The 359 cases were divided into 2 random groups, of which, the first group was used to derive a regressive formula, and the second was used to verify the formula and compare the formula with previously published formulas in different groups. RESULTS: Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the important variable in estimating the depth of each kidney was the ratio of body weight (W, kg) to body height (H, cm) and the total thickness (T, cm) of the body at the level of the kidneys. The new formula was as follows: for right @entity8 (cm) = 0.22 * T + 7.714 * W/H-0.331 (r = 0.95), and for @entity8 (cm) = 0.238 * T + 6.553 * W/H-0.618 (r = 0.95). It is better than the other four formulas in different groups, especially in @entity1 and W/H  <= 0.30 (in adults) groups. CONCLUSIONS: We first introduced T into @entity8 estimation formula and established the new formula. It has a better performance than the other four formulas in different groups. The new formula provided reliable and accurate @entity8 and may contribute to improving the methods used to estimate renal function from radionuclide renography.

title: Establish New Formulas for the Calculation of Renal Depth in Both XXXX and Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['left renal depth', 'renal depth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Evaluation of cognitive function in @entity2012 has revealed contradictory findings; some studies report normal cognition in @entity1 with long-term cured @entity2012 , while others show @entity2414 . Moreover, the presence of @entity1316 in these @entity1 is common. Our aim was to evaluate memory and decision making in acromegalic @entity1 and explore their relationship with @entity1316 like @entity148 and @entity308 . Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity2012 (mean age 49.5    8.5 years, 14 females and 17 males) and thirty-one healthy controls participated in this study. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, State-Trait @entity148 Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to evaluate decision making, verbal memory, @entity148 , and @entity308 , respectively. Acromegalic @entity1 showed @entity73 (p < 0.05) and more @entity148 and @entity308 (p < 0.05) than controls. In the IGT, acromegalic @entity1 presented an altered decision-making strategy compared to controls, choosing a lower number of the safer cards (p < 0.05) and higher number of the riskier cards (p < 0.05). Moreover, multiple correlations between @entity148 and @entity308 and performance in memory and decision making were found. @entity2414 and decision making observed in acromegalic @entity1 are related to @entity148 and @entity308 . Providing emotional support to the @entity1 could improve their cognitive function. A key clinical application of this research is the finding that @entity308 and @entity148 are essentially modifiable factors.

title: Impaired decision making and delayed memory are related with XXXX and @entity308 in @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in delayed verbal memory']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired delayed memory', 'attention and memory deficits']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Evaluation of cognitive function in @entity2012 has revealed contradictory findings; some studies report normal cognition in @entity1 with long-term cured @entity2012 , while others show @entity2414 . Moreover, the presence of @entity1316 in these @entity1 is common. Our aim was to evaluate memory and decision making in acromegalic @entity1 and explore their relationship with @entity1316 like @entity148 and @entity308 . Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity2012 (mean age 49.5    8.5 years, 14 females and 17 males) and thirty-one healthy controls participated in this study. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, State-Trait @entity148 Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to evaluate decision making, verbal memory, @entity148 , and @entity308 , respectively. Acromegalic @entity1 showed @entity73 (p < 0.05) and more @entity148 and @entity308 (p < 0.05) than controls. In the IGT, acromegalic @entity1 presented an altered decision-making strategy compared to controls, choosing a lower number of the safer cards (p < 0.05) and higher number of the riskier cards (p < 0.05). Moreover, multiple correlations between @entity148 and @entity308 and performance in memory and decision making were found. @entity2414 and decision making observed in acromegalic @entity1 are related to @entity148 and @entity308 . Providing emotional support to the @entity1 could improve their cognitive function. A key clinical application of this research is the finding that @entity308 and @entity148 are essentially modifiable factors.

title: Impaired decision making and delayed memory are related with @entity148 and XXXX in @entity2012 .

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive symptoms']


abstract: Evaluation of cognitive function in @entity2012 has revealed contradictory findings; some studies report normal cognition in @entity1 with long-term cured @entity2012 , while others show @entity2414 . Moreover, the presence of @entity1316 in these @entity1 is common. Our aim was to evaluate memory and decision making in acromegalic @entity1 and explore their relationship with @entity1316 like @entity148 and @entity308 . Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity2012 (mean age 49.5    8.5 years, 14 females and 17 males) and thirty-one healthy controls participated in this study. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, State-Trait @entity148 Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were used to evaluate decision making, verbal memory, @entity148 , and @entity308 , respectively. Acromegalic @entity1 showed @entity73 (p < 0.05) and more @entity148 and @entity308 (p < 0.05) than controls. In the IGT, acromegalic @entity1 presented an altered decision-making strategy compared to controls, choosing a lower number of the safer cards (p < 0.05) and higher number of the riskier cards (p < 0.05). Moreover, multiple correlations between @entity148 and @entity308 and performance in memory and decision making were found. @entity2414 and decision making observed in acromegalic @entity1 are related to @entity148 and @entity308 . Providing emotional support to the @entity1 could improve their cognitive function. A key clinical application of this research is the finding that @entity308 and @entity148 are essentially modifiable factors.

title: Impaired decision making and delayed memory are related with @entity148 and @entity308 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Historically, federal funding streams to address @entity5 and @entity286 use have been provided separately to state health departments. This study aims to document the impact of a recent focus on coordinating @entity102 efforts through collaboration between the 2 programs. METHODS: Through a case-study approach using semistructured interviews, we collected information on the organizational context, infrastructure, and interaction between @entity5 and @entity286 control programs in 6 states from March through July 2012. Data were analyzed with NVivo software, using a grounded-theory approach. RESULTS: We found between-program activities in the state health department and coordinated implementation of interventions in the community. Factors identified as facilitating integrated interventions in the community included collaboration between programs in the strategic planning process, incorporation of one another's priorities into state strategic plans, co-location, and leadership support for collaboration. Coalitions were used to deliver integrated interventions to the community. Five states perceived high staff turnover as a barrier to collaboration, and all 5 states felt that federal funding requirements were a barrier. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity286 programs are beginning to implement integrated interventions to address @entity102 . Findings can inform the development of future efforts to integrate program activities across @entity102 prevention efforts.

title: Factors involved in the collaboration between the national XXXX control programs and @entity286 control programs: a qualitative study of 6 States, United States, 2012.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['comprehensive cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Historically, federal funding streams to address @entity5 and @entity286 use have been provided separately to state health departments. This study aims to document the impact of a recent focus on coordinating @entity102 efforts through collaboration between the 2 programs. METHODS: Through a case-study approach using semistructured interviews, we collected information on the organizational context, infrastructure, and interaction between @entity5 and @entity286 control programs in 6 states from March through July 2012. Data were analyzed with NVivo software, using a grounded-theory approach. RESULTS: We found between-program activities in the state health department and coordinated implementation of interventions in the community. Factors identified as facilitating integrated interventions in the community included collaboration between programs in the strategic planning process, incorporation of one another's priorities into state strategic plans, co-location, and leadership support for collaboration. Coalitions were used to deliver integrated interventions to the community. Five states perceived high staff turnover as a barrier to collaboration, and all 5 states felt that federal funding requirements were a barrier. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity286 programs are beginning to implement integrated interventions to address @entity102 . Findings can inform the development of future efforts to integrate program activities across @entity102 prevention efforts.

title: Factors involved in the collaboration between the national @entity5 control programs and XXXX control programs: a qualitative study of 6 States, United States, 2012.

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab plays an important role in the treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). The aim of this study is to assemble current RCTs to analyze efficacy of adding bevacizumab to the most used combination first-line chemotherapy in mCRC @entity1 . METHODS: Pubmed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase were systematically searched. Our primary endpoint was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression-free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS and @entity1349 and risk ratio (RR) for ORR were extracted from each trial. All these above were performed using a random-effects model and statistics was performed in StataSE 12.0. RESULTS: Seven Randomized controlled studies aggregating 3264 @entity1 were enrolled in our meta-analysis. @entity1349 , PFS and ORR were performed using a random-effects model. A therapeutic effect advantage was showed in Bevacizumab added to first-line chemotherapy with higher @entity1349 (HR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.61-0.72;   - =0.000), PFS (HR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.61-0.72;   - =0.000) compared with chemotherapy alone. Chemotherapy plus bevacizumab increased ORR (38.42% vs. 33.44%), showing statistically difference (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06-1.28, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis shows that the addition of bevacizumab to first-line regimens can be beneficial in terms of @entity1349 , PFS and ORR compared with chemotherapy alone.

title: Bevacizumab in combination with first-line chemotherapy in @entity1 with metastatic XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['overall survival', 'OS']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab plays an important role in the treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). The aim of this study is to assemble current RCTs to analyze efficacy of adding bevacizumab to the most used combination first-line chemotherapy in mCRC @entity1 . METHODS: Pubmed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase were systematically searched. Our primary endpoint was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression-free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS and @entity1349 and risk ratio (RR) for ORR were extracted from each trial. All these above were performed using a random-effects model and statistics was performed in StataSE 12.0. RESULTS: Seven Randomized controlled studies aggregating 3264 @entity1 were enrolled in our meta-analysis. @entity1349 , PFS and ORR were performed using a random-effects model. A therapeutic effect advantage was showed in Bevacizumab added to first-line chemotherapy with higher @entity1349 (HR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.61-0.72;   - =0.000), PFS (HR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.61-0.72;   - =0.000) compared with chemotherapy alone. Chemotherapy plus bevacizumab increased ORR (38.42% vs. 33.44%), showing statistically difference (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06-1.28, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis shows that the addition of bevacizumab to first-line regimens can be beneficial in terms of @entity1349 , PFS and ORR compared with chemotherapy alone.

title: Bevacizumab in combination with first-line chemotherapy in XXXX with metastatic @entity14 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite a vast literature, @entity731 and the associated @entity63 /reperfusion injuries remain today in many ways a mystery. Why do @entity1856 make and store a supply of @entity165 and @entity597 within the major arteries supplying the heart? Why are treatment programs aimed to suppress certain @entity583 risk factors, such as elevated serum @entity1255 and @entity32 , generally counterproductive? METHODS: Our methods are based on an extensive search of the literature in @entity65 as well as in the area of the unique properties of water, the role of biosulfates in the vascular wall, and the role of electromagnetic fields in vascular flow. Our investigation reveals a novel pathology linked to @entity731 that better explains the observed facts than the currently held popular view. RESULTS: We propose a novel theory that @entity731 can best be explained as being due to @entity4554 deficiency. Furthermore, @entity1856 replenish the supply of @entity165 and @entity597 to the microvasculature, by exploiting the inflammatory agent @entity224 to derive @entity597 from @entity1255 and other @entity599 sources. We argue that the @entity597 anions attached to the glycosaminoglycans in the glycocalyx are essential in maintaining the structured water that is crucial for vascular endothelial health and erythrocyte mobility through capillaries. @entity597 depletion leads to @entity165 accumulation in @entity1856 , because its transport through water-based media depends on sulfurylation. We show that streaming potential induces @entity842 (NO) release, and NO derivatives break down the extracellular matrix, redistributing @entity597 to the microvasculature. We argue that low (less negative) zeta potential due to insufficient @entity597 anions leads to @entity101 and @entity715 , because these responses can increase streaming potential and induce @entity842 mediated vascular relaxation, promoting @entity26 delivery. Our hypothesis is a parsimonious explanation of multiple features of @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: If our interpretation is correct, then it would have a significant impact on how @entity731 is treated. We recommend a high intake of @entity599 -containing foods as well as an avoidance of exposure to toxicants that may impair @entity597 synthesis.

title: A novel hypothesis for @entity731 as a XXXX deficiency syndrome.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4554 :: ('MESH:C007045', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol sulfate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide', 'nitric-oxide']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous plaques', 'atheromas']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate', 'Sulfate']

answer: @entity4554 :: (MESH:C007045,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite a vast literature, @entity731 and the associated @entity63 /reperfusion injuries remain today in many ways a mystery. Why do @entity1856 make and store a supply of @entity165 and @entity597 within the major arteries supplying the heart? Why are treatment programs aimed to suppress certain @entity583 risk factors, such as elevated serum @entity1255 and @entity32 , generally counterproductive? METHODS: Our methods are based on an extensive search of the literature in @entity65 as well as in the area of the unique properties of water, the role of biosulfates in the vascular wall, and the role of electromagnetic fields in vascular flow. Our investigation reveals a novel pathology linked to @entity731 that better explains the observed facts than the currently held popular view. RESULTS: We propose a novel theory that @entity731 can best be explained as being due to @entity4554 deficiency. Furthermore, @entity1856 replenish the supply of @entity165 and @entity597 to the microvasculature, by exploiting the inflammatory agent @entity224 to derive @entity597 from @entity1255 and other @entity599 sources. We argue that the @entity597 anions attached to the glycosaminoglycans in the glycocalyx are essential in maintaining the structured water that is crucial for vascular endothelial health and erythrocyte mobility through capillaries. @entity597 depletion leads to @entity165 accumulation in @entity1856 , because its transport through water-based media depends on sulfurylation. We show that streaming potential induces @entity842 (NO) release, and NO derivatives break down the extracellular matrix, redistributing @entity597 to the microvasculature. We argue that low (less negative) zeta potential due to insufficient @entity597 anions leads to @entity101 and @entity715 , because these responses can increase streaming potential and induce @entity842 mediated vascular relaxation, promoting @entity26 delivery. Our hypothesis is a parsimonious explanation of multiple features of @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: If our interpretation is correct, then it would have a significant impact on how @entity731 is treated. We recommend a high intake of @entity599 -containing foods as well as an avoidance of exposure to toxicants that may impair @entity597 synthesis.

title: A novel hypothesis for XXXX as a @entity4554 deficiency syndrome.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that poor sleep quality is associated with nondipping @entity101 , but the underlying mechanisms were not reported. This study was carried out to evaluate whether poor sleep quality is associated with stress status and sympathetic nervous system activation in nondippers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 307 Chinese essential @entity101 @entity1 were defined as dippers or nondippers by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and stress status was assessed by @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ). The levels of @entity1425 and @entity1063 were examined to investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: A total of 204 (66.4%) and 103 cases (33.6%) were found to be dippers and nondippers, respectively. Nondippers were with poorer sleep quality (P<0.05), more stressful status (P<0.05), and with an increased activity of sympathetic nervous system (P<0.01). The decline of @entity13519 (DBP) at night was inversely related with the PSQI score (r=-0.469, P<0.01 and r=-0.421, P<0.01), @entity1642 score (r=-0.432, P<0.01 and r=-0.404, P<0.01), @entity1425 (r=-0.304, P<0.05 and r=-0.293, P<0.05), and @entity1063 (r=-0.321, P<0.05 and r=-0.357, P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that older age [odds ratio (OR): 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22-2.43], PSQI score (OR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.65-6.87), and @entity1642 score (OR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.56-5.93) were independently correlated with the nondipping pattern. CONCLUSION: Poor sleep quality and stressful status were closely associated with higher activation of sympathetic nervous system, and they are independent predictors of nondipping @entity101 .

title: Poor sleep quality, stress status, and sympathetic nervous system activation in nondipping XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity13519 :: ('8991', 'Gene') :: ['systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['PSS', 'Perceived Stress Scale']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Suction applied to the vestibule through the oval window during stapes surgery is considered a primary risk for postoperative @entity1274 . This study investigated the mechanism of acute phase change in cochlear function caused by aspiration of the opened oval window. STUDY DESIGN: @entity840 model. SETTING: Academic hospital laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity840 were divided into 3 groups: stapes footplate removed without suctioning (6 animals), with indirect suctioning (5 animals), and with direct suctioning of the vestibular perilymph (6 animals). Endocochlear potentials (EPs) were measured at the second turn of the cochlea, and temporal bones were examined histologically. RESULTS: Removal of the stapes footplate without suctioning caused little change in the EP (original value, 80.12    3.52 mV), indirect suctioning caused minor decline of the EP of 9.14    1.84 mV, and partial recovery ensued, whereas direct but gentle suctioning, resulting in dry vestibule, caused reduction in the EP of 16.38    6.63 mV. Recovery was not observed or incomplete. No animals showed profound decrease in the EP. CONCLUSION: Gentle suctioning and removal of the vestibular perilymph can cause a mild decrease in the EP even without damaging the inner ear structures. Therefore, suctioning of the perilymph should be avoided during stapes surgery because acute @entity393 can result even without damaging the inner ear structures. However, @entity393 may not be profound, if suctioning is not vigorous enough to cause damage to the inner ear structures.

title: Effect of aspiration of perilymph during stapes surgery on the endocochlear potential of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'Guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: The ocular surface is a frequent target tissue of mucosal chronic GVHD (cGVHD). We investigated the histopathological features of the conjunctival microvilli in @entity1 with cGVHD. Conjunctival tissue specimens from @entity1 with cGVHD or Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 ) or from healthy individuals were examined by light microscopy and EM, impression cytology, and immunohistochemistry. The cGVHD conjunctivae showed significantly more @entity4648 and fewer goblet cells than the @entity244 and normal conjunctivae. Abundant @entity405 (+) T cells infiltrated the basal epithelia in the cGVHD conjunctiva. The microvilli per standard epithelial unit and the secretory vesicles were counted by analyzing electron micrographs. The mean number of mucosal microvilli was significantly lower in the cGVHD than that in the @entity244 or normal specimens, and the microvilli were significantly shorter, with a smaller height-width ratio. The mean number of secretory vesicles was also significantly lower, and the membrane-spanning mucin thinner, in the cGVHD compared with the @entity244 and normal specimens. Thus, the conjunctival mucosal microvilli of cGVHD @entity1 were significantly different in number and morphology from those of @entity244 and normal subjects. These may be important factors affecting the stability of the tear-film layer and its contribution to cGVHD-related @entity936 .

title: Mucosal microvilli in XXXX @entity1 with chronic GVHD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["gren's syndrome", 'SS']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['dry eye']


abstract: The ocular surface is a frequent target tissue of mucosal chronic GVHD (cGVHD). We investigated the histopathological features of the conjunctival microvilli in @entity1 with cGVHD. Conjunctival tissue specimens from @entity1 with cGVHD or Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 ) or from healthy individuals were examined by light microscopy and EM, impression cytology, and immunohistochemistry. The cGVHD conjunctivae showed significantly more @entity4648 and fewer goblet cells than the @entity244 and normal conjunctivae. Abundant @entity405 (+) T cells infiltrated the basal epithelia in the cGVHD conjunctiva. The microvilli per standard epithelial unit and the secretory vesicles were counted by analyzing electron micrographs. The mean number of mucosal microvilli was significantly lower in the cGVHD than that in the @entity244 or normal specimens, and the microvilli were significantly shorter, with a smaller height-width ratio. The mean number of secretory vesicles was also significantly lower, and the membrane-spanning mucin thinner, in the cGVHD compared with the @entity244 and normal specimens. Thus, the conjunctival mucosal microvilli of cGVHD @entity1 were significantly different in number and morphology from those of @entity244 and normal subjects. These may be important factors affecting the stability of the tear-film layer and its contribution to cGVHD-related @entity936 .

title: Mucosal microvilli in @entity936 XXXX with chronic GVHD.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of a Continuous Positive pressure to @entity1 's airway (CPAP) represents one of the most important respiratory treatments during @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) due to Acute @entity3126 (ACPE). Thanks to its hemodynamic and ventilatory effects, CPAP improves clinical and gasanalytic parameters and lead to a decrease of mortality and need of intubation in these @entity1 . CPAP can be applied with different devices: ventilators, Venturi-like flow generators and Boussignac's device. AIM: To verify and to compare effectiveness and tolerability of two different CPAP's devices (Venturi-like flow generator and Buossignac's device) in @entity1576 due to ACPE. The study was performed in a General Medical Ward. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 20 @entity1 with @entity1576 due to ACPE were randomized in two group: the first group (10 @entity1 ) received CPAP with a Venturi-like flow generator, the second group (10 @entity1 ) with Boussignac's device. At the end of CPAP treatment each @entity1 gave a score to tolerability. RESULTS: In each group we noted a significant (p<0.05) improvement in clinical and gasanalytic parameters since the first hour of treatment; these improvements were confirmed in following determinations and were not significantly different in the two group of @entity1 . The Boussignac group showed a better tolerability. CONCLUSIONS: The two CPAP's devices resulted similar in term of effectiveness. Boussignac's device has shown a better tolerability: this characteristic, together with the simple use, should stimulate the diffusion of this device where a flow generator or a ventilator are not present (outside Intensive Care Units, for example in General Medical Wards).

title: [Continuous positive airway pressure in XXXX . application in a general medical ward].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'Acute Respiratory Failure']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema']

answer: @entity3126 :: (MESH:D011654,Disease) :: ['acute pulmonary edema']


abstract: @entity8 is the main pathological change in many @entity740 . @entity6108 , a yellow pigment present in the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae), was found to be a potential anti-inflammatory agent. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of @entity6108 on the @entity32 of @entity19 kidney and cultured renal tubular epithelial cells ( @entity1 cells) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to explore the mechanism. @entity6108 was injected intraperitoneally before LPS administration. @entity8 was assessed by evaluating @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) expression and macrophage infiltration in renal tissue using immunohistochemical methods, and also by measuring renal @entity2842 mRNA level using Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). @entity1 cells were cultured to investigate the in vitro effect of @entity6108 against @entity8 . The expression of @entity2842 and @entity687 ( @entity687 ) mRNA was measured by Real-Time PCR. The expression of @entity2842 and @entity687 protein in supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activity of nuclear factor (NF)-kB was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results demonstrated that @entity6108 could inhibit LPS-induced renal @entity2842 mRNA expression. @entity6108 also significantly inhibited the expression of @entity2842 and @entity1199 mRNA in @entity1 cells, and partially inhibited the secretion of @entity2842 and @entity687 . Furthermore, @entity6108 was found to inhibit the DNA-binding activity of NF-kB. The present study demonstrated that @entity6108 has a protective effect on LPS-induced @entity8 , and this effect might be attributed to its inhibitory effects on @entity2842 mRNA expression and DNA-binding activity of NF-kB. Hence, @entity6108 might be potentially useful in some @entity8 by preventing @entity8 .

title: @entity6108 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney diseases', 'experimental renal inflammation', 'renal inflammation', 'Renal inflammation', 'LPS-induced renal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic kidney diseases']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['Curcumin', 'curcumin']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal inflammation']


abstract: @entity8 is the main pathological change in many @entity740 . @entity6108 , a yellow pigment present in the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae), was found to be a potential anti-inflammatory agent. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of @entity6108 on the @entity32 of @entity19 kidney and cultured renal tubular epithelial cells ( @entity1 cells) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to explore the mechanism. @entity6108 was injected intraperitoneally before LPS administration. @entity8 was assessed by evaluating @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) expression and macrophage infiltration in renal tissue using immunohistochemical methods, and also by measuring renal @entity2842 mRNA level using Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). @entity1 cells were cultured to investigate the in vitro effect of @entity6108 against @entity8 . The expression of @entity2842 and @entity687 ( @entity687 ) mRNA was measured by Real-Time PCR. The expression of @entity2842 and @entity687 protein in supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The activity of nuclear factor (NF)-kB was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The results demonstrated that @entity6108 could inhibit LPS-induced renal @entity2842 mRNA expression. @entity6108 also significantly inhibited the expression of @entity2842 and @entity1199 mRNA in @entity1 cells, and partially inhibited the secretion of @entity2842 and @entity687 . Furthermore, @entity6108 was found to inhibit the DNA-binding activity of NF-kB. The present study demonstrated that @entity6108 has a protective effect on LPS-induced @entity8 , and this effect might be attributed to its inhibitory effects on @entity2842 mRNA expression and DNA-binding activity of NF-kB. Hence, @entity6108 might be potentially useful in some @entity8 by preventing @entity8 .

title: XXXX attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity8 .

answer: @entity6108 :: (MESH:D003474,Chemical) :: ['Curcumin']


abstract: The arterial baroreflex is a key mechanism for the homeostatic control of blood pressure (BP). In animals and @entity1 , psychological stressors suppress the capacity of the arterial baroreflex to control short-term fluctuations in BP, reflected by reduced baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ). While animal studies have characterized the brain systems that link stressor processing to @entity4375 suppression, comparable @entity1 studies are lacking. Here, we measured beat-to-beat BP and heart rate (HR) in 97 adults who performed a multisource interference task that evoked changes in spontaneous @entity4375 , which were quantified by a validated sequence method. The same 97 @entity1 also performed the task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of brain activity. Across @entity1 , task performance (i) increased BP and HR and (ii) reduced @entity4375 . Analyses of fMRI data further demonstrated that a greater task-evoked reduction in @entity4375 covaried with greater activity in brain systems important for central autonomic and cardiovascular control, particularly the cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, and midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). Moreover, task performance increased the functional connectivity of a discrete area of the anterior insula with both the cingulate cortex and amygdala. In parallel, this same insula area showed increased task-evoked functional connectivity with midbrain PAG and pons. These novel findings provide @entity1 evidence for the brain systems presumptively involved in suppressing baroreflex functionality, with relevance for understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of stressor-related cardiovascular reactivity and associated risk for essential @entity101 and @entity731 .

title: Brain systems for baroreflex suppression during stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Exercising muscle releases @entity650 ( @entity650 ), but the mechanisms controlling this process are poorly understood. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that the @entity650 release differs in arm and leg muscle during whole-body exercise, owing to differences in muscle metabolism. Sixteen subjects (10 @entity1 and six @entity1 , with body mass index 24    1 kg m(-2) and peak @entity26 uptake 3.4    0.6 l @entity1009 )) performed a 90 min combined arm and leg cycle exercise at 60% of maximal @entity26 uptake. The subjects arrived at the laboratory having fasted overnight, and catheters were placed in the femoral artery and vein and in the subclavian vein. @entity455 was sampled and arm and leg blood flow were measured by thermodilution. Lean limb mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry scanning. Before and after exercise, biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis and deltoideus. During exercise, @entity650 release was similar between @entity1 and @entity1 and higher (P < 0.05) from arms than legs (1.01    0.42 and 0.33    0.12 ng @entity1009 ) (kg lean limb mass)(-1), respectively). Blood flow (425    36 and 554    35 ml @entity1009 ) (kg lean limb mass)(-1)) and @entity844 uptake (26    7 and 47    7  mol @entity1009 ) (kg lean limb mass)(-1)) were lower, @entity413 uptake similar (51    12 and 41    8 mmol @entity1009 ) (kg lean limb mass)(-1)) and @entity880 release higher (82    32 and -2    12  mol @entity1009 ) (kg lean limb mass)(-1)) in arms than legs, respectively, during exercise (P < 0.05). No correlations were present between @entity650 release and exogenous substrate uptakes. Muscle glycogen was similar in arms and legs before exercise (388    22 and 428    25 mmol (kg dry weight)(-1)), but after exercise it was only significantly lower in the leg (219    29 mmol (kg dry weight)(-1)). The novel finding of a markedly higher @entity650 release from the exercising arm compared with the leg during whole-body exercise was not directly correlated to release or uptake of exogenous substrate, nor to muscle glycogen utilization.

title: XXXX release is higher across arm than leg muscles during whole-body exercise.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['During exercise, arterial and venous limb blood']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, it is sometimes observed that @entity1 in whom @entity302 ( @entity302 ) cease, develop another @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ). METHODS: In order to determine how many @entity1 develop new @entity1109 post diagnosis and whether @entity1 whose attacks cease are more likely to do so, new @entity1109 were recorded 6-12 months after the diagnosis of @entity302 in 187 consecutive @entity1 . RESULTS: Compared with baseline, the overall proportion of @entity1 with @entity1109 increased slightly, from 70.1% to 76.5%, with 44/187 @entity1 (23.5%) developing new @entity1109 . There were no significant differences between attack free and non-attack free @entity1 . Binary logistic regression analysis showed that predictors of new @entity1109 diverged between attack free and non-attack free @entity1 . Among @entity1 continuing to have attacks, those with previous health related psychological @entity130 were 18.00 times more likely to develop new @entity1109 (p<0.0005). In @entity1 who became attack free, @entity1 drawing disability benefits were 5.04 times more likely to have new @entity1109 (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that almost 25% of @entity1 develop new @entity1109 following a diagnosis of @entity302 , although most of those have @entity1109 pre-diagnosis. @entity1 with a history of health related psychological @entity130 whose attacks continue after diagnosis are at particularly high risk of developing new @entity1109 . The data do not support the hypothesis that @entity302 that resolve are likely to be 'replaced' by other @entity1109 .

title: Do @entity1 whose @entity302 resolve, 'replace' them with other medically unexplained symptoms? Medically unexplained symptoms arising after a diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['medically unexplained symptom', 'MUS']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['PNES', 'psychogenic non-epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['psychogenic non-epileptic seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, it is sometimes observed that @entity1 in whom @entity302 ( @entity302 ) cease, develop another @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ). METHODS: In order to determine how many @entity1 develop new @entity1109 post diagnosis and whether @entity1 whose attacks cease are more likely to do so, new @entity1109 were recorded 6-12 months after the diagnosis of @entity302 in 187 consecutive @entity1 . RESULTS: Compared with baseline, the overall proportion of @entity1 with @entity1109 increased slightly, from 70.1% to 76.5%, with 44/187 @entity1 (23.5%) developing new @entity1109 . There were no significant differences between attack free and non-attack free @entity1 . Binary logistic regression analysis showed that predictors of new @entity1109 diverged between attack free and non-attack free @entity1 . Among @entity1 continuing to have attacks, those with previous health related psychological @entity130 were 18.00 times more likely to develop new @entity1109 (p<0.0005). In @entity1 who became attack free, @entity1 drawing disability benefits were 5.04 times more likely to have new @entity1109 (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that almost 25% of @entity1 develop new @entity1109 following a diagnosis of @entity302 , although most of those have @entity1109 pre-diagnosis. @entity1 with a history of health related psychological @entity130 whose attacks continue after diagnosis are at particularly high risk of developing new @entity1109 . The data do not support the hypothesis that @entity302 that resolve are likely to be 'replaced' by other @entity1109 .

title: Do @entity1 whose XXXX resolve, 'replace' them with other medically unexplained symptoms? Medically unexplained symptoms arising after a diagnosis of @entity302 .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['psychogenic non-epileptic seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, it is sometimes observed that @entity1 in whom @entity302 ( @entity302 ) cease, develop another @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ). METHODS: In order to determine how many @entity1 develop new @entity1109 post diagnosis and whether @entity1 whose attacks cease are more likely to do so, new @entity1109 were recorded 6-12 months after the diagnosis of @entity302 in 187 consecutive @entity1 . RESULTS: Compared with baseline, the overall proportion of @entity1 with @entity1109 increased slightly, from 70.1% to 76.5%, with 44/187 @entity1 (23.5%) developing new @entity1109 . There were no significant differences between attack free and non-attack free @entity1 . Binary logistic regression analysis showed that predictors of new @entity1109 diverged between attack free and non-attack free @entity1 . Among @entity1 continuing to have attacks, those with previous health related psychological @entity130 were 18.00 times more likely to develop new @entity1109 (p<0.0005). In @entity1 who became attack free, @entity1 drawing disability benefits were 5.04 times more likely to have new @entity1109 (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that almost 25% of @entity1 develop new @entity1109 following a diagnosis of @entity302 , although most of those have @entity1109 pre-diagnosis. @entity1 with a history of health related psychological @entity130 whose attacks continue after diagnosis are at particularly high risk of developing new @entity1109 . The data do not support the hypothesis that @entity302 that resolve are likely to be 'replaced' by other @entity1109 .

title: Do XXXX whose @entity302 resolve, 'replace' them with other medically unexplained symptoms? Medically unexplained symptoms arising after a diagnosis of @entity302 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) is a subjective measurement tool designed to provide a standardized method of assessing outcomes in @entity85 . It has earlier been shown to be useful in several @entity85 , but there is currently no widely accepted subjective outcome measurement tool for @entity1 with @entity8482 . METHODS: The PODCI was administered to parents of 74 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity8482 . The score distributions were compared with values published earlier for @entity1 without @entity85 . For those @entity1 with repeated PODCI administrations over time, the initial score was compared with the most recent score. Comparisons were made using the Student t test. RESULTS: PODCI scores in @entity1 with @entity8482 were significantly lower than those for typically developing @entity1 in all 6 domains. The scores were also more normally distributed than those for typically developing @entity1 in all 6 domains. Over an average follow-up period of approximately 3 years, @entity1 with @entity8482 had a statistically significant increase in scores for upper extremity function, sports participation, and global functioning. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the PODCI is useful in evaluating functional outcomes of @entity1 with @entity8482 , and is sensitive to change in function over time. The PODCI shows promise as a tool to evaluate long-term outcomes of surgical management in @entity8482 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic Study, Level III.

title: Use of the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument to evaluate functional outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['amyoplasia', 'arthrogryposis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders', 'pediatric musculoskeletal conditions']

answer: @entity8482 :: (MESH:D001176,Disease) :: ['arthrogryposis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) commonly coexist with @entity296 . Recently, @entity1540 have been identified as a possible cause of @entity296 . We developed a @entity2634 -induced @entity296 animal model using a novel premature pacing algorithm to assess timeframe and reversibility of this @entity296 and examine the associated histopathologic abnormalities. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirteen mongrel @entity235 were implanted with a specially programmed pacemaker capable of simulating @entity1540 . Animals were randomly assigned to either 12 weeks of bigeminal @entity1540 (n = 7) or no @entity1540 (control, n = 6). Continuous 24-hour Holter monitoring corroborated ventricular bigeminy in the @entity2634 group ( @entity2634 , 49.8% versus control, < 0.01%; P<0.0001). After 12 weeks, only the @entity2634 group had @entity296 , with a significant reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction ( @entity2634 , 39.7    5.4% versus control, 60.7    3.8%; P < 0.0001) and an increase in left ventricular end-systolic dimension ( @entity2634 , 33.3    3.5 mm versus control, 23.7    3.6 mm; P < 0.001). Ventricular effective refractory period showed a trend to prolong in the @entity2634 group. @entity2634 -induced @entity296 was resolved within 2 to 4 weeks after discontinuation of @entity1540 . No @entity32 , @entity82 , or changes in apoptosis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were observed with @entity2634 -induced @entity296 . CONCLUSIONS: This novel @entity2634 animal model demonstrates that frequent @entity1540 alone can induce a reversible form of @entity296 in otherwise structurally normal hearts. @entity2634 -induced @entity296 lacks gross histopathologic and @entity2383 seen in other @entity235 models of @entity296 .

title: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction induced by @entity1540 : a novel model for premature ventricular contraction-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular extrasystoles', 'Premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial abnormalities']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) commonly coexist with @entity296 . Recently, @entity1540 have been identified as a possible cause of @entity296 . We developed a @entity2634 -induced @entity296 animal model using a novel premature pacing algorithm to assess timeframe and reversibility of this @entity296 and examine the associated histopathologic abnormalities. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirteen mongrel @entity235 were implanted with a specially programmed pacemaker capable of simulating @entity1540 . Animals were randomly assigned to either 12 weeks of bigeminal @entity1540 (n = 7) or no @entity1540 (control, n = 6). Continuous 24-hour Holter monitoring corroborated ventricular bigeminy in the @entity2634 group ( @entity2634 , 49.8% versus control, < 0.01%; P<0.0001). After 12 weeks, only the @entity2634 group had @entity296 , with a significant reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction ( @entity2634 , 39.7    5.4% versus control, 60.7    3.8%; P < 0.0001) and an increase in left ventricular end-systolic dimension ( @entity2634 , 33.3    3.5 mm versus control, 23.7    3.6 mm; P < 0.001). Ventricular effective refractory period showed a trend to prolong in the @entity2634 group. @entity2634 -induced @entity296 was resolved within 2 to 4 weeks after discontinuation of @entity1540 . No @entity32 , @entity82 , or changes in apoptosis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were observed with @entity2634 -induced @entity296 . CONCLUSIONS: This novel @entity2634 animal model demonstrates that frequent @entity1540 alone can induce a reversible form of @entity296 in otherwise structurally normal hearts. @entity2634 -induced @entity296 lacks gross histopathologic and @entity2383 seen in other @entity235 models of @entity296 .

title: Left ventricular systolic dysfunction induced by XXXX : a novel model for premature ventricular contraction-induced @entity296 .

answer: @entity1540 :: (MESH:D018879,Disease) :: ['ventricular ectopy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe stylohyoid complex syndrome (SHCS) as a new diagnostic classification of all lateral neck and/or @entity158 conditions resulting from an elongated styloid process, ossified stylohyoid ligament, or elongated hyoid bone. All of these pathologic conditions result in @entity2701 and reduced distensibility of the stylohyoid complex (SHC), with resultant irritation of the surrounding cervical structures with movement of the complex. DESIGN: A retrospective medical chart review was performed to identify a cohort of @entity1 who underwent surgical intervention for lateral neck and/or @entity158 due to pathologic SHCS. Follow-up time of greater than 1 year is reported in 5 of 7 @entity1 . SETTING: Tertiary, academic referral center. @entity1 : @entity1 included were those given a diagnosis of SHCS who underwent surgical intervention from June 2006 through September 2009. There were 7 @entity1 , 5 of whom were female. The age range was 38 to 53 years at time of presentation (mean age, 45.3 years). Common presenting complaints were lateral neck and @entity158 exacerbated by tongue and head movements. INTERVENTION: The pathologic areas were surgically addressed through transoral or cervical approaches. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Symptoms following surgical intervention. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 (8 sides) were identified as having SHCS. Computed tomographic findings included elongated styloid processes (3 sides), ossified stylohyoid ligaments (2 sides), and elongated hyoid bones (3 sides). Computed tomographic scan, frequently with volume-rendered 3-dimensional reconstructions, identified the pathologic condition. All @entity1 experienced clinically significant relief of presenting symptoms following surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7319 includes all lateral neck and/or @entity158 conditions resulting from an elongated styloid process, ossified stylohyoid ligament, or elongated hyoid bone. Surgical intervention directed at any pathologic point to disrupt this complex relieves @entity2701 and offers @entity1 relief of symptoms.

title: XXXX : a new diagnostic classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7319 :: ('MESH:D030401', 'Disease') :: ['Stylohyoid complex syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'oropharyngeal pain']

answer: @entity7319 :: (MESH:D030401,Disease) :: ['Stylohyoid complex syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether mortality and clinical outcomes vary for injured @entity1 in a mature @entity130 system on weeknights and weekends compared with weekdays. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Pennsylvania @entity130 system. @entity1 : A total of 90,461 @entity1 over 5 years. INTERVENTION: Treatment at a level I, II, or III @entity130 center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In-hospital mortality, time to procedures, and length of stay. RESULTS: In adjusted analyses, @entity1 presenting on weeknights were no more likely to die than @entity1 presenting during weekdays, and @entity1 presenting on weekends were less likely to die than @entity1 presenting on weekdays (odds ratio = 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.97). Presenting on weeknights was associated with longer intensive care unit stay (incidence rate ratio = 1.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.10) and longer hospital stay (incidence rate ratio = 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.04). Presenting on weekends was associated with longer intensive care unit stay (incidence rate ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.10) but not longer hospital stay. Delays to laparotomy or craniotomy were not seen in either group. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate comparable mortality among injured @entity1 presenting on weeknights vs weekdays and lower mortality among injured @entity1 on weekends vs weekdays. Systems-based solutions of the @entity130 model are protective against the weekend effect and inform care for other emergency care-sensitive conditions.

title: Weekend and night outcomes in a statewide XXXX system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A minimally invasive approach to @entity459 is equivalent to bilateral exploration when intraoperative @entity461 (IOPTH) monitoring is used. The optimal strategy for the monitoring has been debated. HYPOTHESIS: There exists an optimal strategy for IOPTH monitoring. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary referral hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 1882 @entity1 underwent parathyroidectomy for @entity459 with IOPTH monitoring. Successful exploration was defined as a 50% or more decline in IOPTH level from baseline and a normal or near-normal IOPTH level at 10 minutes postexcision. These results were compared with those of alternative strategies for IOPTH monitoring, including a 50% decline at 10 minutes, 50% decline at 5 minutes, and normal IOPTH levels at 10 minutes, using the preoperative parathyroid level as baseline. RESULTS: A curative operation was performed in 1830 @entity1 (97.2%). The current strategy had a sensitivity of 96% and an accuracy of 95%. @entity66 was present in 271 @entity1 (14.5%); 134 of 1858 @entity1 (7.2%) whose outcomes failed to reach curative criteria had confirmed @entity66 . Using only a 50% decline from baseline as the curative criterion would result in a failed operation in 22.4% of @entity1 with @entity66 . A 50% decline at 10 minutes was 96% sensitive and 94% accurate. A 5-minute value was 79% sensitive and 80% accurate. With use of the 5-minute value, unnecessary bilateral exploration would have been performed in 272 of 1460 @entity1 (18.6%) compared with 62 of 1750 @entity1 (3.5%) when using a 10-minute value. A normal 10-minute value is 91% sensitive and 90% accurate. CONCLUSIONS: A 10-minute postexcision IOPTH level that decreased 50% from baseline and is normal or near normal is highly successful. Relying on a 50% decrease alone increases the rate of operative failure in @entity1 with @entity66 .

title: An optimal algorithm for intraoperative XXXX monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Multiglandular disease', 'multiglandular disease']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ) has been shown to be a general stimulation for repair and 1-year results showed promising success percentages. PURPOSE: This trial was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of @entity1423 compared with @entity228 injections in @entity1 with chronic @entity2633 with a 2-year follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: The trial was conducted in 2 Dutch teaching hospitals. One hundred @entity1 with chronic @entity2633 were randomly assigned to a leukocyte-enriched @entity1423 group (n = 51) or the @entity228 group (n = 49). Randomization and allocation to the trial group were carried out by a central computer system. @entity1 received either a @entity228 injection or an autologous platelet concentrate injection through a peppering needling technique. The primary analysis included visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 scores and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) outcome scores. RESULTS: The @entity1423 group was more often successfully treated than the @entity228 group (P < .0001). Success was defined as a reduction of 25% on VAS or DASH scores without a reintervention after 2 years. When baseline VAS and DASH scores were compared with the scores at 2-year follow-up, both groups significantly improved across time (intention-to-treat principle). However, the DASH scores of the @entity228 group returned to baseline levels, while those of the @entity1423 group significantly improved (as-treated principle). There were no complications related to the use of @entity1423 . CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity2633 with @entity1423 reduces @entity158 and increases function significantly, exceeding the effect of @entity228 injection even after a follow-up of 2 years. Future decisions for application of @entity1423 for @entity2633 should be confirmed by further follow-up from this trial and should take into account possible costs and harms as well as benefits.

title: Ongoing positive effect of platelet-rich plasma versus @entity228 injection in XXXX : a double-blind randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['PRP', 'Platelet-rich plasma']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ) has been shown to be a general stimulation for repair and 1-year results showed promising success percentages. PURPOSE: This trial was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of @entity1423 compared with @entity228 injections in @entity1 with chronic @entity2633 with a 2-year follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: The trial was conducted in 2 Dutch teaching hospitals. One hundred @entity1 with chronic @entity2633 were randomly assigned to a leukocyte-enriched @entity1423 group (n = 51) or the @entity228 group (n = 49). Randomization and allocation to the trial group were carried out by a central computer system. @entity1 received either a @entity228 injection or an autologous platelet concentrate injection through a peppering needling technique. The primary analysis included visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 scores and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) outcome scores. RESULTS: The @entity1423 group was more often successfully treated than the @entity228 group (P < .0001). Success was defined as a reduction of 25% on VAS or DASH scores without a reintervention after 2 years. When baseline VAS and DASH scores were compared with the scores at 2-year follow-up, both groups significantly improved across time (intention-to-treat principle). However, the DASH scores of the @entity228 group returned to baseline levels, while those of the @entity1423 group significantly improved (as-treated principle). There were no complications related to the use of @entity1423 . CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity2633 with @entity1423 reduces @entity158 and increases function significantly, exceeding the effect of @entity228 injection even after a follow-up of 2 years. Future decisions for application of @entity1423 for @entity2633 should be confirmed by further follow-up from this trial and should take into account possible costs and harms as well as benefits.

title: Ongoing positive effect of platelet-rich plasma versus XXXX injection in @entity2633 : a double-blind randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up.

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristic and clinical significance of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by lumbar disk herniation. METHODS: A total of 80 male @entity1 from February 2000 to April 2010 in our hospital with lumbar disk herniation underwent an urodynamic test. And they were divided into the normal bladder function group (Group A), the early-stage of @entity1494 group (Group B) and the late-stage of @entity1494 group (Group C) according to the urodynamic results. LUTS in these @entity1 were assessed by the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and quality of life (QOL) questionnaire. The results were analyzed statistically among these three groups. RESULTS: In Groups A (n=30), B (n=22) and C (n=28), the total IPSS scores were 9.4  4.6, 11.3  3.3 and 15.0  3.4 while the QOL scores 2.1  1.1, 2.2  1.0 and 3.4  1.3 respectively. The total voiding symptom scores were 3.8  2.7, 6.2  2.6 and 10.4  3.1 respectively and the differences were significant (all P<0.05). The total storage symptom scores were 5.6  3.4, 5.1  2.9 and 4.6  2.3 in 3 groups respectively and the difference was insignificant (P>0.05). Between Groups A and B, the differences of total voiding symptom score were significant (P<0.01) while those of the total IPSS and QOL score were insignificant (both P>0.05). Between Groups B and C, the differences of the total IPSS, QOL score and total voiding symptom score were significant (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The LUTS caused by lumbar disk herniation are notable during the late stage of @entity1494 . As one typical early manifestation, the voiding symptom may aid an early diagnosis of the disease.

title: [Analysis of lower urinary tract symptoms in XXXX with lumbar disk herniation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ), fast reperfusion is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality. Many @entity1 , however, do not meet the recommended standard times. Among the strategies considered to accomplish this task, prehospital ECG (PH-ECG) is advocated by international guidelines. International and Italian regional registries demonstrate the efficacy of PH-ECG to reduce both @entity63 and first medical contact-to-balloon times in @entity583 @entity1 treated with primary angioplasty. Despite the available evidence, PH-ECG is still underused in the real world, without showing any significant increase in recent years. According to the LombardIMA registry, only 12% of the total population had a PH-ECG; in these @entity1 median @entity63 time was 154 vs 208 min when PH-ECG was not available. Median first medical contact-to-balloon time was 50 and 85 min, respectively. The use of PH-ECG showed also a trend for lower 30-day mortality, though not statistically significant. PH-ECG can also lead to early antithrombotic therapy ( @entity117 , @entity1397 or IIb/IIIa inhibitors), which is associated with better angiographic outcome. Data from the LombardIMA registry show that PH-ECG may play a relevant role in the management of @entity583 networks, with less @entity1 admitted to hospital without on-site cath-lab and reduced reperfusion delays in @entity1 transferred from spoke to hub hospitals.

title: [Role of prehospital electrocardiogram in the early diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity7086 is a fatal complication of @entity583 that may involve especially the left ventricular free wall, the ventricular septum and the papillary muscle, but also the right ventricular free wall and more rarely the atrium. This complication is responsible for 10-15% of in-hospital deaths after ST-elevation @entity583 . Advanced age, female sex, first @entity1188 and @entity101 (in the acute phase of @entity1188 ) are the most important risk factors for @entity7086 . It occurs typically between 4 and 7 days after the @entity1188 but it may also develop within the first 24-48h, particularly in @entity1 undergoing fibrinolytic therapy and in cardiac @entity1 with the following characteristics: 1) recent coronary artery occlusion, 2) transmural @entity39 , 3) poor collateral circulation, and 4) minimal or absent @entity296 . @entity7086 should be suspected when sudden or rapidly progressive hemodynamic deterioration occurs. After prompt diagnosis and stabilization, the @entity1 can be operated. The high mortality rate between 5 and 14 days post- @entity1188 justifies the urgency of surgical repair, which includes infartectomy and the employment of a Dacron patch and biological glues. Also percutaneous strategies have recently been used in @entity1 with high surgical risk. The most frequently performed surgical techniques for the treatment of @entity7086 are described below. By now early diagnosis and surgical treatment are crucial for successful outcome.

title: [Surgical treatment of early complications after ST-elevation XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac rupture', 'cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the temporal changes of serum cytokines @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity2842 and @entity688 immediately before and after primary PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and explore the interaction of these cytokines. METHODS: A total of 59 @entity583 @entity1 were recruited. And their serum concentrations of @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity2842 and @entity688 were measured by ELISA before primary PCI and 4-6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 7 days post-intervention. For each cytokine, the level at each time-point post-PCI was compared to that at pre-PCI. Correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the interactions of these four cytokines. RESULTS: At 12 hours post-PCI, the median serum levels of @entity650 and @entity687 were higher than those before PCI ( @entity650 : 8.51 ng/L vs 6.76 ng/L, @entity687 : 4.67 ng/L vs 2.95 ng/L, both P < 0.05). At 4-6 hours and 12 hours post-PCI, the median values of @entity2842 were increasing significantly compared to those at pre-PCI (35.04 ng/L, 34.24 ng/L vs 30.45 ng/L, both P < 0.05) while those of @entity688 decreased (18.15 ng/L, 18.82 ng/L vs 20.95 ng/L, both P < 0.05). The levels of @entity650 and @entity688 at pre-PCI were associated with the Killip classification on admission ( @entity650 : r = 0.293, P < 0.05; @entity688 : r = -0.287, both P < 0.05). Except for @entity687 , other cytokines had no significant relation with the time length from onset to admission (P > 0.05). Additionally, these four cytokines were not found to be related with the location and extension of @entity583 , ejection fraction and NT-proBNP. At each time-point, there were a positive relationship among the natural logarithms of the concentrations of @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity2842 (P < 0.01), all of which were inverse to the natural logarithm of the concentration of @entity688 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The pro-inflammatory cytokines increase while the anti-inflammatory cytokines decrease after @entity741 /reperfusion. An imbalance of inflammatory cytokines may be present.

title: [Temporal changes and interaction of serum cytokines in @entity1 with acute XXXX undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention].

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the temporal changes of serum cytokines @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity2842 and @entity688 immediately before and after primary PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and explore the interaction of these cytokines. METHODS: A total of 59 @entity583 @entity1 were recruited. And their serum concentrations of @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity2842 and @entity688 were measured by ELISA before primary PCI and 4-6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 7 days post-intervention. For each cytokine, the level at each time-point post-PCI was compared to that at pre-PCI. Correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the interactions of these four cytokines. RESULTS: At 12 hours post-PCI, the median serum levels of @entity650 and @entity687 were higher than those before PCI ( @entity650 : 8.51 ng/L vs 6.76 ng/L, @entity687 : 4.67 ng/L vs 2.95 ng/L, both P < 0.05). At 4-6 hours and 12 hours post-PCI, the median values of @entity2842 were increasing significantly compared to those at pre-PCI (35.04 ng/L, 34.24 ng/L vs 30.45 ng/L, both P < 0.05) while those of @entity688 decreased (18.15 ng/L, 18.82 ng/L vs 20.95 ng/L, both P < 0.05). The levels of @entity650 and @entity688 at pre-PCI were associated with the Killip classification on admission ( @entity650 : r = 0.293, P < 0.05; @entity688 : r = -0.287, both P < 0.05). Except for @entity687 , other cytokines had no significant relation with the time length from onset to admission (P > 0.05). Additionally, these four cytokines were not found to be related with the location and extension of @entity583 , ejection fraction and NT-proBNP. At each time-point, there were a positive relationship among the natural logarithms of the concentrations of @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity2842 (P < 0.01), all of which were inverse to the natural logarithm of the concentration of @entity688 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The pro-inflammatory cytokines increase while the anti-inflammatory cytokines decrease after @entity741 /reperfusion. An imbalance of inflammatory cytokines may be present.

title: [Temporal changes and interaction of serum cytokines in XXXX with acute @entity583 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) significantly reduces the risk of new skeletal-related events (SREs) in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) who have bone @entity3 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the cost and cost-effectiveness of @entity5921 in the management of skeletal @entity3 in this population across 5 European countries (France, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands) from the perspective of national health care. METHODS: This cost-effectiveness analysis was based on a subset of @entity1 with @entity1149 who were enrolled in a Phase III trial of @entity1 with bone @entity3 secondary to a variety of solid @entity5 . In this trial, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity5921 or placebo every 3 weeks for up to 21 months. Survival, SRE incidence, and number of infusions administered were derived from the clinical trial. Costs of SREs were estimated using hospital Diagnosis Related Group tariffs and published data. Drug, drug administration, and supply costs were obtained from published and internet sources. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated based on the published utilities and modeled survival and frequency of SREs. Uncertainty surrounding outcomes was addressed via univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 receiving placebo (n = 120), @entity1 receiving @entity5921 (n = 124) experienced an estimated 0.79 fewer SREs and gained an estimated 0.02 QALYs. @entity5921 use in @entity1 with @entity1149 and bone @entity3 was associated with a reduction in SRE costs (ranging from    1547 to    1893 [2007-2008    ], depending on the country). After adding drug and drug administration costs, @entity5921 use resulted in a net savings of    288 per @entity1 in Germany,    209 in the United Kingdom, and    113 in Portugal. In France and the Netherlands, costs increased (   17 and    178, respectively), but the costs per QALY gained were low (   786 and    8278, respectively). In univariate sensitivity analyses, the cost per QALY for @entity5921 versus placebo was  <=   50,000 for all scenarios tested. The results were most sensitive to assumptions regarding survival, number of @entity5921 infusions, and the costs of SREs. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that @entity5921 cost  <=   50,000 per QALY in 65% to 83% of model simulations (depending on country). However, some degree of uncertainty remained as the 95th percentile of cost per QALY was high. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis is subject to the usual limitations of cost-effectiveness models, which combine assumptions and data from multiple sources. Nevertheless, based on the assumptions used herein, the present model suggests that @entity5921 increases QALYs and is cost saving and/or cost effective compared with placebo in @entity1 with @entity1149 in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands.

title: Cost-effectiveness of XXXX in the management of skeletal @entity3 in @entity1 with lung cancer in France, Germany, Portugal, the Netherlands, and the United kingdom.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['Zoledronic acid']

answer: @entity4381 :: (MESH:C088658,Chemical) :: ['zoledronic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) significantly reduces the risk of new skeletal-related events (SREs) in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) who have bone @entity3 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the cost and cost-effectiveness of @entity5921 in the management of skeletal @entity3 in this population across 5 European countries (France, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands) from the perspective of national health care. METHODS: This cost-effectiveness analysis was based on a subset of @entity1 with @entity1149 who were enrolled in a Phase III trial of @entity1 with bone @entity3 secondary to a variety of solid @entity5 . In this trial, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity5921 or placebo every 3 weeks for up to 21 months. Survival, SRE incidence, and number of infusions administered were derived from the clinical trial. Costs of SREs were estimated using hospital Diagnosis Related Group tariffs and published data. Drug, drug administration, and supply costs were obtained from published and internet sources. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated based on the published utilities and modeled survival and frequency of SREs. Uncertainty surrounding outcomes was addressed via univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 receiving placebo (n = 120), @entity1 receiving @entity5921 (n = 124) experienced an estimated 0.79 fewer SREs and gained an estimated 0.02 QALYs. @entity5921 use in @entity1 with @entity1149 and bone @entity3 was associated with a reduction in SRE costs (ranging from    1547 to    1893 [2007-2008    ], depending on the country). After adding drug and drug administration costs, @entity5921 use resulted in a net savings of    288 per @entity1 in Germany,    209 in the United Kingdom, and    113 in Portugal. In France and the Netherlands, costs increased (   17 and    178, respectively), but the costs per QALY gained were low (   786 and    8278, respectively). In univariate sensitivity analyses, the cost per QALY for @entity5921 versus placebo was  <=   50,000 for all scenarios tested. The results were most sensitive to assumptions regarding survival, number of @entity5921 infusions, and the costs of SREs. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that @entity5921 cost  <=   50,000 per QALY in 65% to 83% of model simulations (depending on country). However, some degree of uncertainty remained as the 95th percentile of cost per QALY was high. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis is subject to the usual limitations of cost-effectiveness models, which combine assumptions and data from multiple sources. Nevertheless, based on the assumptions used herein, the present model suggests that @entity5921 increases QALYs and is cost saving and/or cost effective compared with placebo in @entity1 with @entity1149 in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands.

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity4381 in the management of skeletal XXXX in @entity1 with lung cancer in France, Germany, Portugal, the Netherlands, and the United kingdom.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) significantly reduces the risk of new skeletal-related events (SREs) in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) who have bone @entity3 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the cost and cost-effectiveness of @entity5921 in the management of skeletal @entity3 in this population across 5 European countries (France, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands) from the perspective of national health care. METHODS: This cost-effectiveness analysis was based on a subset of @entity1 with @entity1149 who were enrolled in a Phase III trial of @entity1 with bone @entity3 secondary to a variety of solid @entity5 . In this trial, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity5921 or placebo every 3 weeks for up to 21 months. Survival, SRE incidence, and number of infusions administered were derived from the clinical trial. Costs of SREs were estimated using hospital Diagnosis Related Group tariffs and published data. Drug, drug administration, and supply costs were obtained from published and internet sources. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated based on the published utilities and modeled survival and frequency of SREs. Uncertainty surrounding outcomes was addressed via univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 receiving placebo (n = 120), @entity1 receiving @entity5921 (n = 124) experienced an estimated 0.79 fewer SREs and gained an estimated 0.02 QALYs. @entity5921 use in @entity1 with @entity1149 and bone @entity3 was associated with a reduction in SRE costs (ranging from    1547 to    1893 [2007-2008    ], depending on the country). After adding drug and drug administration costs, @entity5921 use resulted in a net savings of    288 per @entity1 in Germany,    209 in the United Kingdom, and    113 in Portugal. In France and the Netherlands, costs increased (   17 and    178, respectively), but the costs per QALY gained were low (   786 and    8278, respectively). In univariate sensitivity analyses, the cost per QALY for @entity5921 versus placebo was  <=   50,000 for all scenarios tested. The results were most sensitive to assumptions regarding survival, number of @entity5921 infusions, and the costs of SREs. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that @entity5921 cost  <=   50,000 per QALY in 65% to 83% of model simulations (depending on country). However, some degree of uncertainty remained as the 95th percentile of cost per QALY was high. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis is subject to the usual limitations of cost-effectiveness models, which combine assumptions and data from multiple sources. Nevertheless, based on the assumptions used herein, the present model suggests that @entity5921 increases QALYs and is cost saving and/or cost effective compared with placebo in @entity1 with @entity1149 in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands.

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity4381 in the management of skeletal @entity3 in XXXX with lung cancer in France, Germany, Portugal, the Netherlands, and the United kingdom.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity161 is a frequent disorder since it affects about 1% of the general population. Drug compliance, that is to say @entity1 ' adherence to their treatment, remains rather poor concerning this disease with, on an average, one @entity1 out of two not complying with his/her medication. Among the factors influencing drug compliance, we focused on @entity1 ' beliefs in terms of health control, a concept known as health locus of control. This is a concept that originated from social psychology and derived from the Rotters' original concept of locus of control: it corresponds to the type of connexion established by an individual between subsequent events in the history of his/her disease and internal (personal abilities) or external factors (chance, powerful others). Nowadays, the tridimensional structure of this concept is commonly admitted as being in three dimensions: internality, chance externality and powerful others externality, the latter group being divided between doctors and others. We have assumed that there is a correlation between the degree of drug compliance and the internal and/or doctors' external health locus of control. For this purpose, we have determined the quality of drug compliance by using the Medical Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and the type of health locus of control by using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale among 65 @entity161 @entity1 . We have also considered it was important to evaluate @entity1 ' insight by using the Amador's scale (Scale of Unawareness of @entity146 ) because many researchers have established a strong correlation between insight and drug compliance in @entity161 . Associations between the four dimensions of health locus of control ("internal", "chance external", "others external" and "doctors' external") and drug compliance were assessed by estimating Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (r) and its degree of significance (p). These associations were judged significant at an alpha threshold of 5%, which corresponded to a level of p inferior to 0.05. Our results tend to confirm a statistically significant positive correlation between internal (r=0.25; p=0.043) and/or doctors' external (r=0.27; p=0.027) health locus of control and drug compliance. Conversely, there is no correlation between chance external or others' external health locus of control and drug compliance (p>0.05). This means that the more @entity1 believe that their @entity161 can be controlled by themselves and/or by doctors, the more they follow their prescriptions. Furthermore, the link between health locus of control and drug compliance appears to be confused by two dimensions of insight, namely awareness of the response to the treatment and perceived need for treatment. An application of these results is that, in the case of @entity1 whose health locus of control is chance or others' external, it can be beneficial to attempt to change their beliefs in order to improve drug compliance. These results hold particular interest in the field of psycho-education and can be directly applied to cognitive therapy for beliefs among stabilized @entity161 @entity1 .

title: [Drug compliance and health locus of control in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']