abstract: Classical @entity215 was repaired by a transatrial-transpulmonary approach in 61 of 70 @entity1 treated surgically on one surgical service between July 1981 and December 1985. Their ages ranged from 2.5 months to 57 years (mean 52.9 +/- 104.2 months). The @entity1757 was closed through the right atrium and tricuspid valve in 60 @entity1 and via the pulmonary artery in one @entity1 with a @entity154 . @entity358 was made in 38 @entity1 to expose the stenotic pulmonary valve for valvotomy and to begin the infundibular mobilization and resection. It was extended through a small pulmonary anulus primarily in 15 @entity1 and secondarily in one, a minimal distance upon the right ventricular infundibulum to enlarge the outflow tract to 2 standard deviations larger than the mean normal pulmonary valve anulus diameter. There were no hospital or late deaths or reoperations among the entire group. The mean postrepair peak right ventricular/left ventricular pressure measured in the operating room was 0.52 +/- 0.165 for the entire group of 61 @entity1 which indicates similar relief of @entity849 to that obtained by the classical transventricular repair. At follow-up between 2.3 and 53.8 months (mean 22.6) each @entity1 was in New York Heart Association Class I and without cardiac medication. Postoperative cardiac catheterization studies performed in nine @entity1 between 4 and 28 months after operation showed no residual @entity1757 and a mean peak right/left ventricular pressure of 0.42 +/- 0.13. This series indicates that successful repair of @entity215 can be accomplished in most @entity1 by a transatrial-transpulmonary approach, which may provide improved right ventricular function over the long term.

title: Transatrial-transpulmonary repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['subpulmonary defect']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['A pulmonary arteriotomy']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: Reports on the effect of @entity1 age on the prognosis for @entity694 vary. We have tested the effect of aging using a model of @entity19 @entity694 in groups of @entity19 of different ages. In experiment A, Balb/c @entity19 of age groups 3-4 weeks, 10-12 weeks, 24-32 weeks and 40-48 weeks (13 @entity19 /group) were injected with 5 X 10(4) MC-26 cells subcutaneously in the right flank. @entity5 were measured twice weekly, and the rate of occurrence of @entity5 , mortality rate, and growth rate were calculated. In experiment B, the same plan as experiment A was used, except @entity19 of age groups I (14 days), II (3-4 weeks), and III (20-22 months) were used with @entity5 doses of 1 X 10(4) cells and 5 X 10(5) cells (9-15 @entity19 /group). In both experiments, the rate of growth of @entity5 , mortality rate, and sizes of @entity5 obtained were the same. In experiment A, the rate of occurrence of the @entity5 was the same in all groups, but in experiment B the occurrence of the @entity5 varied. A palpable @entity5 appeared earliest in the weanling @entity19 (14 days), next in old @entity19 (20-22 months), and last in the young adult group (3-4 weeks). @entity5 doubling time was longest in the young adult @entity19 (7 days), intermediate in the old @entity19 (6.1 days), and shortest in the weanling @entity19 (5.5 days). Established @entity5 grew at similar rates (as assessed by doubling time), independent of host age. Mortality rates were similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of aging on the growth of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: @entity311 is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, and this risk is highest in the areas of unstable @entity311 transmission. In 1990 and 1991 the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Sir Sayajirao General Hospital in central Gujarat, India, has cared for a total of 445 urban as well as rural @entity1 with @entity311 in pregnancy: 232 were labor ward admissions and 213 were antenatal ward admissions. @entity3964 infection affected 97.27% of @entity1 , both primigravidae and multigravidae. Heavy @entity5895 was observed in 27.14% of primigravidae and 48.57% in secundigravidae, however, this was not statistically significant. Out of the 260 (58.42.) cases who had various degrees of @entity417 , 59 (22.69) had severe @entity417 with haemoglobin of less than 6.0 gm O/dl. Within this group, 71.16% @entity1 were primigravidae or secundigravidae, the rest were multigravidae. Out of the 6 @entity1 in first trimester, the miscarriage rate was 100%. In the second trimester, out of 52 @entity1 74.99 pregnancies were discontinued, whereas in the third trimester, the miscarriage rate was 18.17%. This observation was statistically significant (p 0.05). 178 @entity1 who were admitted antenatally were discharged, their pregnancy outcome was not known, and accordingly they were excluded. There were 11 @entity1 in the first trimester, 139 in the second trimester, and 295 in the third trimester. The known pregnancy losses were 54.54% in the first trimester. 28.05% in the second trimester, and 12.88% in the third trimester. 75.59% of those with minor @entity5895 and 47.36% with heavy @entity5895 had a normal pregnancy outcome. The overall fetal loss was 31.08%, which was almost twice that of the miscarriage rates among the general population. @entity204 attributed to @entity311 in pregnancy were 15, with @entity6197 accounting for 5 @entity204 . 46.66% of the @entity204 occurred in primigravidae and secundigravidae. The other causes of mortality were postpartum @entity548 , @entity3126 , and @entity4053 .

title: Maternal manifestations of XXXX in pregnancy: a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal deaths', 'deaths']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: We describe herein the case of an adolescent @entity1 with @entity417 non-responsive to oral @entity68 , associated with low-grade fever, diminished appetite and fatigue. A palpable mass below the xiphoid was noted. Laboratory findings were consistent with @entity417 of @entity32 . Direct antiglobulin test was positive without any other evidence of @entity5506 . Other autoantibodies, such as anti-thyroid and anti-nuclear antibodies, were also positive. After thorough investigation, @entity12692 was the most likely diagnosis on the basis of high serum @entity650 and the magnetic resonance imaging findings. @entity419 positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed a localized hypermetabolic mass, which was resected. @entity12692 of plasma type was identified on histology. Hemogloblin and @entity650 gradually returned to normal, whereas positive autoantibodies became negative. This case emphasizes the need to investigate thoroughly for the underlying cause of @entity417 of @entity32 and to include @entity12692 in the differential diagnosis, on the measurement of @entity650 .

title: @entity417 and autoimmunity markers in an adolescent with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ['Castleman disease']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune anemia']

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['Castleman disease']


abstract: We describe herein the case of an adolescent @entity1 with @entity417 non-responsive to oral @entity68 , associated with low-grade fever, diminished appetite and fatigue. A palpable mass below the xiphoid was noted. Laboratory findings were consistent with @entity417 of @entity32 . Direct antiglobulin test was positive without any other evidence of @entity5506 . Other autoantibodies, such as anti-thyroid and anti-nuclear antibodies, were also positive. After thorough investigation, @entity12692 was the most likely diagnosis on the basis of high serum @entity650 and the magnetic resonance imaging findings. @entity419 positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed a localized hypermetabolic mass, which was resected. @entity12692 of plasma type was identified on histology. Hemogloblin and @entity650 gradually returned to normal, whereas positive autoantibodies became negative. This case emphasizes the need to investigate thoroughly for the underlying cause of @entity417 of @entity32 and to include @entity12692 in the differential diagnosis, on the measurement of @entity650 .

title: XXXX and autoimmunity markers in an adolescent with @entity12692 .

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity9474 ( @entity9474 ) is caused by a mutation within the @entity2163 gene or upstream of the @entity2163 complex locus. It is characterized by target organ resistance to PTH, resulting in hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia. Studies in @entity1 with @entity9474 are limited. We sought to identify all @entity1 in Denmark with @entity9474 and access their mortality data and risk of complications. DESIGN: @entity1 were identified through the Danish National @entity1 Registry and a prescription database, with subsequent validation by investigation of @entity1 charts. METHODS: For each case, three age- (  2 years) and gender-matched controls were randomly selected from the general background population. We identified a total of 60 cases, equal to a prevalence of 1  1/100 000 inhabitants. The average age at diagnosis was 13 years (range 1-62 years), and 42 were @entity1 . Only 14 @entity1 had an identified mutation in the @entity2163 gene. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity1 with @entity9474 had an increased risk of @entity146 (P < 0  01), @entity281 (P < 0  01), @entity410 (P < 0  01) and @entity231 (P < 0  01), whereas their risk of renal, cardiovascular, malignant disorders and @entity174 was compatible with the general background population. The same tendencies were found in a subgroup analysis in cases with genetically verified @entity9474 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity9474 have an increased risk of @entity146 , @entity281 , @entity231 and @entity410 , whereas mortality among @entity9474 @entity1 is compatible with that in the background population.

title: XXXX - epidemiology, mortality and risk of complications.

entities_list: @entity9474 :: ('MESH:D011547', 'Disease') :: ['PHP', 'Pseudohypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity9474 :: (MESH:D011547,Disease) :: ['Pseudohypoparathyroidism']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ) and @entity400 ( @entity400 ) subtypes of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) show different clinical manifestations; however, their underlying neural substrates remain incompletely understood. This study aimed at investigating the subtype-specific patterns of spontaneous brain activity in @entity191 . METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity191 (12 @entity400 /19 @entity1344 ) and 22 healthy gender- and age-matched controls were recruited. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected, and @entity4365 ( @entity4365 ) was measured. Voxelwise one-way analysis of covariance and post hoc analyses of @entity4365 were performed among the three groups, with age and gender as covariates ( @entity3034 daily dosage and gray matter volume as additional covariates for validation analysis). Correlations of clinical variables (e.g., disease duration and @entity1344 / @entity400 subscale score) with @entity4365 values were examined. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity1 with @entity400 exhibited higher @entity4365 in the right cerebellar posterior lobe and @entity1 with @entity1344 exhibited lower @entity4365 in the bilateral putamen and cerebellar posterior lobe, and higher values primarily in several cortical areas including the inferior and superior temporal gyrus, superior frontal, and parietal gyrus. Compared with @entity1 with @entity1344 , @entity1 with @entity400 had higher @entity4365 in the bilateral putamen and the cerebellar posterior lobe, as well as lower @entity4365 in the bilateral temporal gyrus and the left superior parietal lobule. In all @entity1 , @entity4365 in the bilateral cerebellar posterior lobe positively correlated with @entity400 score and @entity4365 in the bilateral putamen negatively correlated with @entity1344 score. CONCLUSION: Different patterns of spontaneous neural activity in the cerebellum and putamen may underlie the neural substrate of @entity191 motor subtypes.

title: Different patterns of spontaneous brain activity between XXXX and postural instability/gait difficulty subtypes of @entity191 : a resting-state fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['levodopa']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'tremor-dominant', 'tremor']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations', 'ALFF']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['PIGD', 'Postural instability/gait difficulty']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor-dominant']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ) and @entity400 ( @entity400 ) subtypes of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) show different clinical manifestations; however, their underlying neural substrates remain incompletely understood. This study aimed at investigating the subtype-specific patterns of spontaneous brain activity in @entity191 . METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity191 (12 @entity400 /19 @entity1344 ) and 22 healthy gender- and age-matched controls were recruited. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected, and @entity4365 ( @entity4365 ) was measured. Voxelwise one-way analysis of covariance and post hoc analyses of @entity4365 were performed among the three groups, with age and gender as covariates ( @entity3034 daily dosage and gray matter volume as additional covariates for validation analysis). Correlations of clinical variables (e.g., disease duration and @entity1344 / @entity400 subscale score) with @entity4365 values were examined. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity1 with @entity400 exhibited higher @entity4365 in the right cerebellar posterior lobe and @entity1 with @entity1344 exhibited lower @entity4365 in the bilateral putamen and cerebellar posterior lobe, and higher values primarily in several cortical areas including the inferior and superior temporal gyrus, superior frontal, and parietal gyrus. Compared with @entity1 with @entity1344 , @entity1 with @entity400 had higher @entity4365 in the bilateral putamen and the cerebellar posterior lobe, as well as lower @entity4365 in the bilateral temporal gyrus and the left superior parietal lobule. In all @entity1 , @entity4365 in the bilateral cerebellar posterior lobe positively correlated with @entity400 score and @entity4365 in the bilateral putamen negatively correlated with @entity1344 score. CONCLUSION: Different patterns of spontaneous neural activity in the cerebellum and putamen may underlie the neural substrate of @entity191 motor subtypes.

title: Different patterns of spontaneous brain activity between @entity400 and postural instability/gait difficulty subtypes of XXXX : a resting-state fMRI study.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Based on current health surveys in South Africa, the @entity645 and @entity791 epidemic there is spreading faster than health workers can develop a policy to combat it. 120 million male and 90,000 female condoms have been distributed to the areas that are most affected. According to Health Minister Nkosazana Zuma, the percentage of @entity645 -positive pregnant @entity1 in the North-West Province rose from 8.3% in 1995 to 25% in 1997. In June 1996, 1.7 million @entity1 were at risk; this number rose to 2.5 million in 1997, 90,000 of whom will develop advanced @entity791 by the end of the year. According to independent researchers, 800 @entity1 are infected daily, which means that 16% of South Africa's workers are already infected. This figure could rise to 20% by the year 2000 according to Professor Ronald Green-Thompson. At that time, the cost to the South African economy would be between @entity10479 25 million and @entity10479 2.3 billion. The World Health Organization (WHO) is touring provinces for the first time to select sites for use by assessment teams in July. Dr. Liz Floyd, head of the @entity645 / @entity791 and communicable diseases unit, states that, although @entity10479 6.1 million ( @entity10479 2.3 million more than in 1996) have been designated to fight the epidemic, new measures have to be found to avoid an infection rate of 1 in 5 young @entity1 by the end of the year. The unit conducts annual surveys among @entity1 attending public prenatal clinics. Infection appears to be linked to poverty, migration, family breakdowns, and prostitution. The greatest increase has been among @entity1 aged 20-24 years. According to Floyd, "the supply of condoms is still uneven and unreliable, especially in high density peri-urban settlements and shanty towns. Primary care for the youth and home-based schemes are poorly coordinated and erratic." Zuma believes that schools should be targeted; she hopes to educate @entity1 in 7400 secondary and 13,500 primary schools. Donor agencies, churches, workers, and business @entity1 have become involved, including Archbishop Desmond Tutu and President Nelson Mandela, who are appearing on radio and television to promote condom use.

title: XXXX epidemic runs riot in South Africa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'people']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT The incidence and risk factors of @entity75 on MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were analyzed after the endovascular coiling of @entity438 ( @entity438 ). METHODS Data obtained from 271 consecutive @entity1 (70 @entity1 and 201 @entity1 ; median age 57 years; range 23-79 years) who presented with UIA for coil embolization between July 2011 and June 2013 were analyzed. Two independent reviewers examined the DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient maps obtained the following day for the presence of restrictive diffusion spots and counted the number of spots. Multivariate analysis was then performed to identify independent risk factors for developing microembolism following the coiling of an @entity439 . RESULTS @entity75 were noted in 101 of 271 @entity1 (37.3%). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the following factors significantly influenced the risk for microembolism: age, @entity6 , previous history of @entity385 , high-signal FLAIR lesions in the white matter, @entity439 , and the insertion of an Enterprise stent (all ORs > 1.0 and all p values < 0.05). Previously known risk factors such as prolonged procedure duration, @entity439 size, and decreased antiplatelet function did not show any significant influence. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of microembolism after endovascular coiling of UIA was not low. Lesions occurred more frequently in @entity1 with vascular status associated with old age, @entity6 , and previous @entity64 . @entity439 multiplicity and the type of stent used for treatment also influenced lesion occurrence.

title: Microembolism after endovascular coiling of XXXX : incidence and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Microembolic lesions', 'microembolic lesions']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Aneurysm', 'multiple aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['UIAs', 'unruptured intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['unruptured cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We present a case of @entity2334 and dissection (FTAAD) in a pregnant female. FTAAD is an @entity74 resulting from several genetic mutations critical to aortic wall integrity have been identified. One such mutation is the myosin heavy chain gene ( @entity5400 ) which is responsible for 1-2% of all FTAAD cases. This mutation results in aortic @entity528 , loss of @entity2362 , and reticulin fiber fragmentation predisposing to TAAD. @entity2333 is more aggressive during pregnancy as a result of increased wall stress from hyperdynamic cardiovascular changes and @entity172 -induced aortic media degeneration. Our @entity1 was a 29-year-old G2P1 @entity1 at 26  weeks gestation presenting with @entity615 . Work-up revealed a 6.4-cm ascending aortic @entity439 with a type A dissection extending into all arch vessels, @entity1498 at the isthmus, and a separate focal type B @entity1580 with visceral involvement. Surgical management included concomitant cesarean section with delivery of a live premature @entity1 , tubal ligation, ascending aortic replacement with reconstruction of the arch vessels, and aortic valve resuspension. The type B dissection was managed medically without complication. This is the first reported case of @entity1580 in a @entity1 with FTAAD/ @entity5400 mutation and pregnancy. This case highlights that FTAAD and pregnancy cause @entity528 via distinct mechanisms and that hyperdynamics of pregnancy increase aortic wall stress. Management of pregnancy associated with aortopathy requires early transfer to a tertiary center, careful investigation to identify familial aortopathy, fetal monitoring, and a multidisciplinary team approach.

title: Genetics, Pregnancy, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal and back pain']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['familial thoracic aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited, nonsyndromic aortopathy']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['aortic degeneration', 'medial degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['Aortic Degeneration']


abstract: Higher levels of parental knowledge about youth activities have been associated with lower levels of youth risky behavior. Yet little is known about how parental knowledge fluctuates during early adolescence and how those @entity6372 are associated with the development of @entity146 . We use the term lability to describe within- @entity1 @entity6372 in knowledge over time with higher lability indicating greater @entity6372 in knowledge from year-to-year. This longitudinal study of rural adolescents (N   =   840) investigated if change in parental knowledge across four waves of data from grades 6 to 8 is characterized by lability, and if greater lability is associated with higher youth substance use, delinquency, and internalizing problems in grade 9. Our models indicated that only some of the variance in parental knowledge was accounted for by developmental trends. The remaining residual variance reflects within- @entity1 @entity6372 around these trends, lability, and measurement and occasion-specific error. Even controlling for level and developmental trends in knowledge, higher knowledge lability (i.e., more fluctuation) was associated with increased risk for later @entity285 and @entity286 use, and for @entity1 , higher delinquency and internalizing problems. Our findings suggest that lability in parental knowledge has unique implications for adolescent outcomes. The discussion focuses on mechanisms that may link knowledge lability to substance use. Interventions may be most effective if they teach parents to consistently and predictably decrease knowledge across early adolescence.

title: Knowledge Lability: Within- XXXX Changes in Parental Knowledge and Their Associations with Adolescent Problem Behavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'person']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['problem behavior']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['fluctuations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Person']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CXC chemokine ligand 13 and @entity688 have emerged as CSF biomarkers for the diagnosis of @entity706 . Our hypothesis is that the combined use of ADC, @entity688 will result in increased diagnostic performance compared with the use of ADC values alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity1 were included in this study, including 43 with @entity706 and 44 without @entity706 (21 metastases, 14 high-grade @entity11 , 9 tumefactive demyelinating lesions) who had undergone CSF proteomic analysis and had a new enhancing mass on brain MR imaging. Average ADC was derived by contouring the contrast-enhancing @entity5 volume. Group means were compared via t tests for average ADC, @entity688 . Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed for each individual variable. Multiple-variable logistic regression with receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed, and the multiple-variable receiver operating characteristic was compared with single-variable receiver operating characteristics. RESULTS: The average ADC was lower and CSF CXC chemokine ligand 13 and @entity688 values were higher in @entity706 (P < .001). Areas under the curve ranged from 0.739 to 0.832 for single-variable ROC. Multiple-variable logistic regression yielded statistically significant individual effects for all 3 variables in a combined model. Multiple-variable receiver operating characteristics (area under the curve, 0.928) demonstrated statistically significantly superior diagnostic performance compared with the use of single variables alone. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of ADC, CSF @entity688 results in increased diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of @entity706 . This finding highlights the importance of CSF analysis when the diagnosis of @entity706 is considered on the basis of MR imaging.

title: The Combined Performance of ADC, CSF CXC Chemokine Ligand 13, and CSF XXXX in the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity688 :: ('3586', 'Gene') :: ['CXC chemokine ligand 13, and interleukin 10', 'interleukin 10']

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['Interleukin 10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New methods have been introduced to facilitate dental procedures, but the administration of local anesthesia is still necessary to perform @entity158 control during several dental procedures. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of the @entity3303 Denti-patch    system versus the @entity3303 topical anesthetic gel in @entity1 concerning @entity158 reaction during injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred 9-12-year-old cooperative @entity1 weighing more than 29 kg in need of bilateral dental treatment requiring maxillary and mandibular injection and not suffering from acute @entity158 as a result of pulpits on the day of treatment were selected. The @entity1 were then divided into two groups: Group 1 comprising of 50 @entity1 in need of bilateral maxillary treatment and Group 2 compromising of 50 @entity1 requiring bilateral mandibular treatment. These groups were further subdivided into subgroups A and B; those receiving Denti-patch    on one side and @entity3303 gel on the contralateral side, respectively. @entity158 or comfort was evaluated during injection using @entity735 ( @entity735 ) scale (objective method) while, using @entity158 ( @entity158 ) scale (subjective method) after injection by a trained assistant blinded to the procedure. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Comparison of the results was performed using Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for @entity735 and @entity158 score. RESULT: There was a statistically significant difference between the patch and the gel group for maxilla (P < 0.0001), as well as mandible (P = 0.01) with respect to @entity735 score given by the @entity1 . Similarly, with @entity158 scale, there was a statistically significant difference between the patch and the gel groups in both maxilla and mandible (P < 0.0001). However, there was no statistical difference between the patch Groups 1A and IIA or the gel Groups 1B and II B. CONCLUSION: The Denti-patch    system can significantly reduce the needle injection @entity158 more than the gel.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX Denti patch (  ) system versus @entity3303 gel as topical anesthetic agent in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['sound, eye, motor', 'SEM']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'FPS', 'pain', 'faces pain rating scale']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New methods have been introduced to facilitate dental procedures, but the administration of local anesthesia is still necessary to perform @entity158 control during several dental procedures. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of the @entity3303 Denti-patch    system versus the @entity3303 topical anesthetic gel in @entity1 concerning @entity158 reaction during injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred 9-12-year-old cooperative @entity1 weighing more than 29 kg in need of bilateral dental treatment requiring maxillary and mandibular injection and not suffering from acute @entity158 as a result of pulpits on the day of treatment were selected. The @entity1 were then divided into two groups: Group 1 comprising of 50 @entity1 in need of bilateral maxillary treatment and Group 2 compromising of 50 @entity1 requiring bilateral mandibular treatment. These groups were further subdivided into subgroups A and B; those receiving Denti-patch    on one side and @entity3303 gel on the contralateral side, respectively. @entity158 or comfort was evaluated during injection using @entity735 ( @entity735 ) scale (objective method) while, using @entity158 ( @entity158 ) scale (subjective method) after injection by a trained assistant blinded to the procedure. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Comparison of the results was performed using Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for @entity735 and @entity158 score. RESULT: There was a statistically significant difference between the patch and the gel group for maxilla (P < 0.0001), as well as mandible (P = 0.01) with respect to @entity735 score given by the @entity1 . Similarly, with @entity158 scale, there was a statistically significant difference between the patch and the gel groups in both maxilla and mandible (P < 0.0001). However, there was no statistical difference between the patch Groups 1A and IIA or the gel Groups 1B and II B. CONCLUSION: The Denti-patch    system can significantly reduce the needle injection @entity158 more than the gel.

title: Effectiveness of @entity3303 Denti patch (  ) system versus XXXX gel as topical anesthetic agent in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New methods have been introduced to facilitate dental procedures, but the administration of local anesthesia is still necessary to perform @entity158 control during several dental procedures. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of the @entity3303 Denti-patch    system versus the @entity3303 topical anesthetic gel in @entity1 concerning @entity158 reaction during injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred 9-12-year-old cooperative @entity1 weighing more than 29 kg in need of bilateral dental treatment requiring maxillary and mandibular injection and not suffering from acute @entity158 as a result of pulpits on the day of treatment were selected. The @entity1 were then divided into two groups: Group 1 comprising of 50 @entity1 in need of bilateral maxillary treatment and Group 2 compromising of 50 @entity1 requiring bilateral mandibular treatment. These groups were further subdivided into subgroups A and B; those receiving Denti-patch    on one side and @entity3303 gel on the contralateral side, respectively. @entity158 or comfort was evaluated during injection using @entity735 ( @entity735 ) scale (objective method) while, using @entity158 ( @entity158 ) scale (subjective method) after injection by a trained assistant blinded to the procedure. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Comparison of the results was performed using Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for @entity735 and @entity158 score. RESULT: There was a statistically significant difference between the patch and the gel group for maxilla (P < 0.0001), as well as mandible (P = 0.01) with respect to @entity735 score given by the @entity1 . Similarly, with @entity158 scale, there was a statistically significant difference between the patch and the gel groups in both maxilla and mandible (P < 0.0001). However, there was no statistical difference between the patch Groups 1A and IIA or the gel Groups 1B and II B. CONCLUSION: The Denti-patch    system can significantly reduce the needle injection @entity158 more than the gel.

title: Effectiveness of @entity3303 Denti patch (  ) system versus @entity3303 gel as topical anesthetic agent in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23089 are uncommon, and controversies exist regarding their management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of a relatively large cohort of @entity1 with @entity23089 treated with minimally invasive surgical techniques. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive surgical treatment for symptomatic esophageal diverticula during a 15-year period. The primary end point was 30-day mortality. In addition, we evaluated the morbidity, improvement in @entity1282 (score: 1, best to 5, worst), and quality of life (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health-Related Quality of Life score: 0, best to 50, most symptoms). RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 underwent minimally invasive surgical treatment of symptomatic @entity23089 . The most common symptom was @entity1282 (45 of 57; 79%). A @entity1319 or distal mechanical obstruction was identified in 49 @entity1 (86%). Approaches used included video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (n = 33), laparoscopy (n = 18), and combined video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and laparoscopy (n = 6). The most common procedure performed was diverticulectomy and myotomy (47 of 57 @entity1 ; 82.5%). The 30-day mortality was 0%. There were 4 @entity1 (7%) with postoperative leaks requiring reoperation. During follow-up, the median @entity1282 score improved from 3 to 1 (p < 0.001). The median Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Health-Related Quality of Life score after surgery was 5 (excellent). CONCLUSIONS: A minimally invasive surgical approach for the management of @entity23089 is safe and effective during intermediate-term follow-up when performed by surgeons experienced in esophageal surgery and minimally invasive techniques. Further follow-up is required to assess the durability of these results. The optimal approach and procedures performed should be determined on an individualized basis after a thorough investigation.

title: XXXX : A 15-Year Experience of Minimally Invasive Surgical Management.

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity23089 :: ('MESH:D004936', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic esophageal diverticula', 'Thoracic esophageal diverticula']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disorder']

answer: @entity23089 :: (MESH:D004936,Disease) :: ['Thoracic Esophageal Diverticula']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of variation in the size of circulating red blood cells. Recent studies have reported a strong independent relation between elevated RDW and short- and long-term prognosis in @entity74 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between admission RDW-to-platelet ratio (RPR) and in-hospital and long-term prognosis in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: A total of 470 consecutive @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity583 who underwent primary PCI were included in this prospective study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups based on their admission RPR: high (>0.061) RPR group and low ( <=0.061) RPR group. The @entity1 were followed for adverse clinical outcomes in-hospital and for up to one year after discharge. RESULTS: In-hospital @entity65 , major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), advanced @entity712 and @entity1455 were significantly higher in the high RPR group (p<0.05). All-cause and @entity65 , MACE, fatal reinfarction, advanced @entity712 , and rehospitalization for cardiac cause were more frequent in the high RPR group in one-year follow-up (p<0.05). High RPR was found to be a significant independent predictor of one-year @entity65 in multivariate analysis (p=0.003, OR: 3.106, 95% CI: 1.456-6.623). CONCLUSION: RPR is an inexpensive and readily available biomarker that provides an additional level of risk stratification beyond that provided by conventional risk parameters in predicting long-term MACE and @entity65 in @entity583 .

title: The prognostic value of admission red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio in @entity1 with XXXX undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['various disorders']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a measure of variation in the size of circulating red blood cells. Recent studies have reported a strong independent relation between elevated RDW and short- and long-term prognosis in @entity74 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between admission RDW-to-platelet ratio (RPR) and in-hospital and long-term prognosis in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: A total of 470 consecutive @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity583 who underwent primary PCI were included in this prospective study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups based on their admission RPR: high (>0.061) RPR group and low ( <=0.061) RPR group. The @entity1 were followed for adverse clinical outcomes in-hospital and for up to one year after discharge. RESULTS: In-hospital @entity65 , major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), advanced @entity712 and @entity1455 were significantly higher in the high RPR group (p<0.05). All-cause and @entity65 , MACE, fatal reinfarction, advanced @entity712 , and rehospitalization for cardiac cause were more frequent in the high RPR group in one-year follow-up (p<0.05). High RPR was found to be a significant independent predictor of one-year @entity65 in multivariate analysis (p=0.003, OR: 3.106, 95% CI: 1.456-6.623). CONCLUSION: RPR is an inexpensive and readily available biomarker that provides an additional level of risk stratification beyond that provided by conventional risk parameters in predicting long-term MACE and @entity65 in @entity583 .

title: The prognostic value of admission red cell distribution width-to-platelet ratio in XXXX with @entity583 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with " @entity951 " ( @entity951 ) unsuitable for coronary revascularization experience high levels of hospitalization and poor health-related quality of life. Randomized trials have shown @entity602 ( @entity602 ) to be a promising treatment for @entity5749 and @entity951 ; however, none has compared @entity602 with usual care (UC). The aim of this pilot study was to address the key uncertainties of conducting a definitive multicenter trial to assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of @entity602 in @entity951 @entity1 , i.e., recruitment and retention of @entity1 , burden of outcome measures, our ability to standardize UC in a UK @entity9462 setting. METHODS: @entity951 @entity1 deemed suitable were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to @entity602 plus UC ( @entity602 group) or UC alone (UC group). We sought to assess: recruitment, uptake, and retention of @entity1 ; feasibility and acceptability of @entity602 treatment; the feasibility and acceptability of standardizing UC; and the feasibility and acceptability of the proposed trial outcome measures. @entity1 outcomes were assessed at baseline (prerandomization) and three and six months postrandomization. RESULTS: We failed to meet our planned recruitment target (45 @entity1 ) and randomized 29 @entity1 (15 @entity602 group, 14 UC group) over a 42-month period across four sites. None of the study @entity1 chose to withdraw following consent and randomization. With exception of two deaths, all completed evaluation at baseline and follow-up. Although the study was not formally powered to compare outcomes between groups, we saw a trend toward larger improvements in both primary and secondary outcomes in the @entity602 group. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity1 recruitment was found to be challenging, levels of @entity1 retention, outcome completion, and acceptability of @entity602 therapy were high. A number of lessons are presented in order to take forward a future definitive pragmatic randomized trial.

title: The Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Spinal Cord Stimulation for XXXX (RASCAL Study): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['RA', 'refractory angina']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['Refractory Angina']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 has become a significant public health concern in the United States. Few published data have examined the association between @entity28 and @entity260 after @entity348 ( @entity348 ). METHODS: @entity1 who underwent @entity348 were identified using the PearlDiver database Current Procedural Terminology codes. @entity1 were divided into @entity28 and nonobese cohorts using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Each cohort was then assessed for major and minor complications within 90  days postoperatively. Odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and   (2) tests were calculated, with P  <  .05 considered significant. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2011, 7580 @entity1 who underwent @entity348 were identified, of whom 1030 @entity1 (14%) were coded as @entity28 (body mass index  >  30) and 611 @entity1 (8%) were coded as morbidly @entity28 (body mass index >  40). The @entity28 @entity348 @entity1 had increased risk of 90-day major and minor complications. The rate of postoperative @entity1211 differed significantly between groups, with a trend toward a higher @entity1211 rate in @entity28 @entity1 (2.2%) vs. nonobese @entity1 (0.7%). Rate of postoperative stiffness was similar between groups. Infection rates were higher in @entity28 @entity1 compared with nonobese @entity1 . Medical complications were higher in @entity28 @entity1 (16.7%) compared with the nonobese cohort (4.7%). A significant difference in implant removal was notable at 6  months and 1 year in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 compared with nonobese counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 and associated medical comorbidities place @entity1 at increased risk for complications after @entity348 . @entity28 @entity1 and especially morbidly @entity28 @entity1 thinking of undergoing @entity348 should be appropriately counseled preoperatively about their increased risk for complications.

title: XXXX is associated with @entity260 after @entity348 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'Obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TEA', 'total elbow arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 has become a significant public health concern in the United States. Few published data have examined the association between @entity28 and @entity260 after @entity348 ( @entity348 ). METHODS: @entity1 who underwent @entity348 were identified using the PearlDiver database Current Procedural Terminology codes. @entity1 were divided into @entity28 and nonobese cohorts using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Each cohort was then assessed for major and minor complications within 90  days postoperatively. Odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and   (2) tests were calculated, with P  <  .05 considered significant. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2011, 7580 @entity1 who underwent @entity348 were identified, of whom 1030 @entity1 (14%) were coded as @entity28 (body mass index  >  30) and 611 @entity1 (8%) were coded as morbidly @entity28 (body mass index >  40). The @entity28 @entity348 @entity1 had increased risk of 90-day major and minor complications. The rate of postoperative @entity1211 differed significantly between groups, with a trend toward a higher @entity1211 rate in @entity28 @entity1 (2.2%) vs. nonobese @entity1 (0.7%). Rate of postoperative stiffness was similar between groups. Infection rates were higher in @entity28 @entity1 compared with nonobese @entity1 . Medical complications were higher in @entity28 @entity1 (16.7%) compared with the nonobese cohort (4.7%). A significant difference in implant removal was notable at 6  months and 1 year in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 compared with nonobese counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 and associated medical comorbidities place @entity1 at increased risk for complications after @entity348 . @entity28 @entity1 and especially morbidly @entity28 @entity1 thinking of undergoing @entity348 should be appropriately counseled preoperatively about their increased risk for complications.

title: @entity28 is associated with @entity260 after XXXX .

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total elbow arthroplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 has become a significant public health concern in the United States. Few published data have examined the association between @entity28 and @entity260 after @entity348 ( @entity348 ). METHODS: @entity1 who underwent @entity348 were identified using the PearlDiver database Current Procedural Terminology codes. @entity1 were divided into @entity28 and nonobese cohorts using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Each cohort was then assessed for major and minor complications within 90  days postoperatively. Odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and   (2) tests were calculated, with P  <  .05 considered significant. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2011, 7580 @entity1 who underwent @entity348 were identified, of whom 1030 @entity1 (14%) were coded as @entity28 (body mass index  >  30) and 611 @entity1 (8%) were coded as morbidly @entity28 (body mass index >  40). The @entity28 @entity348 @entity1 had increased risk of 90-day major and minor complications. The rate of postoperative @entity1211 differed significantly between groups, with a trend toward a higher @entity1211 rate in @entity28 @entity1 (2.2%) vs. nonobese @entity1 (0.7%). Rate of postoperative stiffness was similar between groups. Infection rates were higher in @entity28 @entity1 compared with nonobese @entity1 . Medical complications were higher in @entity28 @entity1 (16.7%) compared with the nonobese cohort (4.7%). A significant difference in implant removal was notable at 6  months and 1 year in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 compared with nonobese counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 and associated medical comorbidities place @entity1 at increased risk for complications after @entity348 . @entity28 @entity1 and especially morbidly @entity28 @entity1 thinking of undergoing @entity348 should be appropriately counseled preoperatively about their increased risk for complications.

title: @entity28 is associated with XXXX after @entity348 .

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['increased postoperative complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the risk of short- and long-term @entity64 , as well as @entity130 , in @entity1 discharged from an emergency department who were given a diagnosis of a @entity1897 . METHODS: In this population-based retrospective cohort study we identified all adult @entity1 who were discharged from an emergency department in Ontario, Canada, between 2006 and 2011, with a primary diagnosis of a @entity1897 . We assessed hospitalized @entity64 at 7, 30, 90, and 365 days, as well as subsequent falls, motor vehicle accidents, @entity174 , and burns. To provide context, we assessed the same outcomes in propensity score-matched discharged emergency department @entity1 with renal colic. RESULTS: Among 41,794 qualifying @entity1 , 76 (0.18%) had a @entity64 within 30 days. @entity130 at 30 days ranged from 0.01% (falls) to 0.15% ( @entity174 ). The relative risk (RR) of 30-day @entity64 was 9.3 (95% CI, 4.3-20.3) times higher than among matched renal colic controls. The RR was highest at 7 days (50.0; 95% CI, 6.9-362.0) and diminished with duration from the emergency department visit: RR 6.1 (95% CI, 3.5-10.7) at 90 days and 2.5 (95% CI 1.8-3.5) at 1 year. There was no difference in the risk of @entity130 . INTERPRETATION: The frequency of @entity64 following discharge from an emergency department with a diagnosis of a @entity1897 was extremely low. However the relative risk was markedly higher than in matched @entity1 with renal colic, suggesting that some @entity64 , or sentinel events for @entity64 , are being misdiagnosed as @entity1897 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Outcomes among XXXX discharged from the emergency department with a diagnosis of peripheral vertigo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'early stroke']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vestibular disorders', 'peripheral vestibular disorder']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['accidental injury', 'Accidental injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Several peroxisomal proteins have two nonoverlapping targeting signals. These signals have been termed "redundant" because targeting can still occur with only one signal. We now report that separate targeting motifs within both Pmp47 and @entity72216 provide complementary function. Pmp47 is an @entity855 translocator that contains six transmembrane domains (TMDs). We had previously shown that the TMD2 region (termed TMD2R, consisting of TMD2 and a short adjacent segment of cytosolic loop) was required for targeting to proliferated peroxisomes in @entity375 . We now report that the analogous TMD4R, which cannot target to proliferated peroxisomes, targets at least as well, or much better (depending on strain and growth conditions) in cells containing only basal (i.e., nonproliferated) peroxisomes. These data suggest differences in the targeting pathway among peroxisome populations. @entity72216 , a peripheral protein facing the matrix, contains a typical carboxy terminal targeting sequence (PTS1) that has been shown to be nonessential for targeting, indicating the existence of a second targeting domain (not yet defined in @entity375 ); thus, its function was unknown. We show that targeting to basal peroxisomes, but not to proliferated peroxisomes, is more efficient with the PTS1 than without it. Our results indicate that multiple targeting signals within peroxisomal proteins extend coverage among heterogeneous populations of peroxisomes and increase efficiency of targeting in some metabolic states.

title: Multiple targeting modules on peroxisomal proteins are not redundant: discrete functions of targeting signals within Pmp47 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

answer: @entity72216 :: (852968(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Pex8p']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Abdominal radiography is frequently used in acute abdominal non-traumatic @entity158 despite the availability of more advanced diagnostic modalities. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of low-dose CT compared with abdominal radiography, at similar radiation dose levels. METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 were imaged with both methods and were reviewed independently by three radiologists. The reference standard was obtained from the diagnosis in medical records. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. A systematic review was performed after a literature search, finding a total of six relevant studies including the present. RESULTS: Overall sensitivity with 95  % CI for CT was 75  % (66-83  %) and 46  % (37-56  %) for radiography. Specificity was 87  % (77-94  %) for both methods. In the systematic review the overall sensitivity for CT varied between 75 and 96  % with specificity from 83 to 95  % while the overall sensitivity for abdominal radiography varied between 30 and 77  % with specificity 75 to 88  %. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the current study and available evidence, low-dose CT has higher diagnostic accuracy than abdominal radiography and it should, where logistically possible, replace abdominal radiography in the workup of adult @entity1 with acute non-traumatic @entity490 . KEY POINTS:     Low-dose CT has a higher diagnostic accuracy than radiography.     A systematic review shows that CT has better diagnostic accuracy than radiography.     Radiography has no place in the workup of acute non-traumatic @entity490 .

title: Diagnostic accuracy of low-dose CT compared with abdominal radiography in non-traumatic acute XXXX : prospective study and systematic review.

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Addiction and @entity11532 ( @entity11532 ) have been consistently associated with high impulsivity and a steep devaluation of delayed rewards, a process that is known as @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). Recent studies indicated that enhanced episodic future thinking (EFT) results in less impulsive @entity1315 in healthy controls (HCs). In a separate line of research, it has been suggested that non-linearities in time perception might contribute to reward devaluation during inter-temporal choice. Therefore, in addition to deficits in valuation processes and executive control, impairments in EFT and non-linearities in time perception have been hypothesized to contribute to steep @entity1315 in addiction. In this study, we explore such a potential association of impairments in EFT and time perception with steep @entity1315 in @entity11532 . We investigated 20 PGs and 20 matched HCs. @entity1315 was assessed via a standard computerized binary choice task. EFT was measured using a variation of the Autobiographical Memory Interview by Levine et al. (1). Time perception was assessed with a novel task, utilizing a non-linear rating procedure via circle-size adjustments. Groups did not differ in baseline EFT. In both groups, a power law accounted time perception best, and the degree of non-linearity in time perception correlated with discounting across groups. A multiple regression analysis across all predictors and covariates revealed that only group status ( @entity11532 /HC) and @entity308 were significantly associated with discounting behavior such that @entity11532 increased @entity1315 and @entity308 attenuated @entity1315 . Our findings speak against the idea that steep @entity1315 in @entity11532 is due to a skewed perception of time or impairments in EFT, at least under the present task conditions. The lack of overall group differences in EFT does not rule out the possibility of more complex interactions of EFT and decision-making. These interactions might be diminished in @entity11532 or addiction more generally, when other task configurations are used.

title: The Role of Prospection in Steep Temporal Reward Discounting in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling', 'PG']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal discounting', 'TD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity11532 :: (MESH:D005715,Disease) :: ['Gambling Addiction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1755 ( @entity1028 ) is relatively rare, and little has been written on the outcome of operative treatment. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing attempted repair of ruptured inflammatory @entity1028 between 1995 and 2001 were included in a retrospective case-cohort study. Demographic, clinical, and operative factors were analyzed, together with in-hospital morbidity, in-hospital mortality, and duration of postoperative hospital stay. RESULTS: Of 297 @entity1 who underwent attempted operative repair of @entity1755 , 24 (8%) had an inflammatory @entity439 . Twenty-two @entity1 were @entity1 , and two were @entity1 ; median age was 69 years (range, 51-85 years). Operative findings revealed a contained @entity1410 in 16 @entity1 (70%), free @entity397 in 3 @entity1 (13%), @entity292 in 4 @entity1 (17%), and aortoenteric @entity292 in 1 @entity1 (4%). Of 273 noninflammatory ruptured AAAs, only 2 @entity1028 (1%) were associated with primary @entity2333 . Ten @entity1 (42%) with inflammatory @entity1028 died in hospital, compared with 117 of 273 @entity1 (43%) without @entity32 . Median postoperative stay was 10 days (range, 0-35 days). Of the 14 @entity1 with inflammatory lesions who survived, 11 had @entity260 ; 4 @entity1 had @entity810 , three of whom required temporary renal replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Ruptured inflammatory @entity1028 is associated with a higher incidence of @entity2333 than is ruptured noninflammatory @entity1028 . Repair of ruptured inflammatory @entity1028 is not associated with increased operative mortality compared with repair of ruptured noninflammatory @entity1028 .

title: XXXX : insights in clinical management and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA', 'Ruptured inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'aortocaval fistula']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic fistula']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['Ruptured inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to compare the functional outcomes after @entity19138 artery bypass and coil embolization for management of common @entity1029 in the endovascular repair of @entity439 (EVAR). METHODS: Between 1996 and 2002, 265 @entity1 underwent elective or emergent EVAR. Data were retrospectively reviewed for 21 (8%) @entity1 with @entity1029 25 mm or larger that involved the iliac bifurcation. @entity1 underwent @entity19138 artery bypass (n = 9) or coil embolization (n = 12). Interviews about past and current levels of activity were conducted. A @entity717 ( @entity717 ) was quantitatively graded on a discrete scale ranging from 0 to 10, corresponding to "virtually bed-bound" to exercise tolerance "greater than a mile." Worsening or improvement of symptoms was expressed as a difference in @entity717 between two time points (-, worsening; +, improvement). RESULTS: There was no difference in age (72.6 +/- 7.3 years vs 73.1 +/- 6.4 years), sex (male-female ratio, 8:1 vs 11:1), @entity1028 size (60.1 +/- 5.9 mm vs 59.3 +/- 7.0 mm), or number of preoperative comorbid conditions (1.9 +/- 0.8 vs 2.1 +/- 0.8) between @entity19138 bypass and coil embolization groups, respectively. Mean follow-up was shorter after @entity19138 bypass (14.8 vs 20.5 months; P <.05). There was no difference in the mean overall baseline @entity717 between the bypass and the embolization groups (8.0 vs 7.8). Six (50%) of the 12 @entity1 with coil embolization reported symptoms of @entity613 ipsilateral to the occluded @entity19138 artery. No symptoms of @entity613 were reported after @entity19138 bypass (P <.05). There was a decrease in the @entity717 after both procedures; however, coil embolization was associated with a significantly worse @entity717 compared with @entity19138 artery bypass (4.5 vs 7.3; P <.001). In 4 (67%) of 6 @entity1 with @entity613 after coil embolization symptoms improved, with a @entity717 of 5.4 at last follow-up. This was significantly worse than in @entity1 undergoing @entity19138 artery bypass, with a @entity717 of 7.8 at last follow-up (P <.001). There was no difference between the groups in duration of procedure, @entity190 , length of hospital stay, morbidity, or mortality (0%). CONCLUSIONS: Hypogastric artery bypass to preserve pelvic circulation is safe, and significantly decreases the risk for @entity613 . Preservation of pelvic circulation results in significant improvement in the ambulatory status of @entity1 with common @entity1029 , compared with coil embolization.

title: Hypogastric artery bypass to preserve pelvic circulation: improved outcome after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity19138 :: ('MESH:C537170', 'Disease') :: ['hypogastric']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication', 'buttock claudication']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['disability score', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac artery aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Majority of @entity1 with @entity378 are treated in private sector in India with no available data on management practices. The study assessed diagnostic and treatment practices related to @entity1907 among paediatricians in Mumbai's private sector in comparison with International Standards for @entity378 Care (ISTC) 2009. In this cross-sectional study, 64 paediatricians from private sector filled self-administered questionnaires. Cough was reported as a symptom of childhood @entity1906 by 77.8% of respondents. 38.1% request sputum smear or culture for diagnosis and fewer (32.8%) use it for @entity1 positive on chest radiographs and 32.8% induce sputum for those unable to produce it. Sputum negative @entity1906 suspect is always tested with X-ray or tuberculin skin test. 61.4% prescribe regimen as recommended in ISTC and all monitor progress to treatment clinically. Drug-resistance at beginning of treatment is suspected for @entity1 in contact with a drug-resistant @entity1 (67.7%) and with prior history of antitubercular treatment (12.9%). About half of them (48%) request drug-resistance test for @entity1215 in case of nonresponse after two to three months of therapy and regimen prescribed by 41.7% for multidrug-resistant @entity1906 was as per ISTC. The study highlights inappropriate diagnostic and treatment practices for managing childhood @entity358 among paediatricians in private sector.

title: Diagnosis and Treatment of XXXX : A Cross-Sectional Study of Practices among Paediatricians in Private Sector, Mumbai.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['childhood pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis']


abstract: Are we witnessing a moral @entity4697 or a moral evaluation in the responses to the new reproductive technologies? Locating @entity1 in reproductive technology is a particularly powerful way into a discussion of values and consequences, intended or unintended. Twelve areas are isolated for discussion beginning with issues of definition and location: What is reproductive and genetic engineering? and How does @entity1 reproduction fit into bio-technological developments generally? Next issues are raised about how the new developments are being shaped ideologically and how they are being promoted by the state. A series of legal issues affecting @entity1 , @entity1 , @entity1 , embryos and fetuses follow. The focus then shifts to the way @entity1 are ideologically constructed: Why is there an assumption that @entity1 = mother, and mother = heterosexual married or stable cohabiting @entity1 ?--and socially controlled: Why assume technological change in @entity1 reproductive processes means the basic subordination of @entity1 to @entity1 will not alter? The usefulness of the new technologies in relieving @entity2358 is then queried which leads on to a questioning of whether these developments are qualitatively different from other technologies used in @entity1 reproduction. Futuristic concerns such as the importance of the male pregnancy and the social consequences of fully medicalising @entity1 reproduction are raised. The last area to be considered is protest by @entity1 and suggested alternative approaches to increase the social visibility and recognition of the needs and interest of @entity1 in the current and potential use of the new medical and scientific developments.

title: Reproduction trends and the emergence of moral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'human', 'woman', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary childlessness']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['panic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are observed in @entity1 with @entity64 and are related with the prognosis. AIMS: To determine the frequency and significance of ECG changes in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective hospital-based study 87 @entity1 with @entity385 were observed for ECG changes during their stay in the hospital. All the @entity1 had @entity385 for the first time. The ECG changes observed were compared with those of the control group consisting of 87 @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 87 @entity1 of the study group, 47.1% were females and 52.9% males. The mean age was 65.5 +/- 11.9 (range 31-91 yrs). The control group consisted of 50.6% females and 49.4% males. The mean age was 64.5 +/- 11.9 (range 31-87 yrs). The frequency of the ECG changes observed in @entity1 with @entity385 was 62.1% while it was 29.9% in the control group (P<0.0001). ECG changes observed were mostly related to @entity741 . The six-month mortality rate in the @entity1 with ECG changes was 38.9% whereas it was 15.2% in those with normal ECG (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The observations of this study suggest that cardiac evaluation in @entity1 with acute @entity385 is of prognostic importance.

title: Electrocardiographic findings and prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarct', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) remains a significant cause of late morbidity and mortality following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, @entity1 with chronic @entity2132 are very heterogeneous, making evaluation and treatment difficult. Corticosteroids remain the most effective primary treatment of this condition. Randomized trials have not confirmed the beneficial effect of additional @entity205 , even in @entity1 with higher risk features. For @entity1 failing initial therapy, no standard therapy is available. A plethora of drugs have been reported to have activity and promise in this disease. However, the majority of reports are small retrospective studies, with few prospective trials. The marked variability in the reported response rates for many of these novel agents highlights a number of problems in the evaluation and management of chronic @entity2132 . In addition to the heterogeneity of @entity1 , there are no uniform definitions for treatment failure, prognostic criteria to stratify @entity1 according to risk, or to evaluate response to treatment, which in many cases is largely subjective. The challenge ahead is to develop more uniform criteria for defining many of these important variables, which is likely to lead to the design of better prospective clinical trials to improve the outcome of @entity1 with this condition.

title: XXXX : where do we go from here?

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic graft-versus-host disease', 'GvHD']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['Chronic graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate today's refined neurosurgical intensive care of @entity1 with @entity131 after implementation of an organized secondary insult program focused on the importance of avoiding secondary brain damage together with a standardized treatment protocol system. DESIGN: Clinical observational @entity1 study. @entity1 : A total of 154 @entity1 16-79 yrs of age with @entity542 and pathologic computed tomographic findings treated between 1996 and 1997. SETTING: Neurointensive care unit. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Good recovery was obtained in 44% of the @entity1 , moderate disability in 35%, severe disability in 16%, and no @entity1 remained in a vegetative state. Six percent of the @entity1 died, but only two of these @entity1 (1.3%) died as direct result of their @entity542 . When the results for @entity1 with Glasgow @entity772 Scale motor scores of >or=4 were compared with the periods 1980-1981 (preneurosurgical intensive care) and 1987-1988 (basic neurosurgical intensive care), mortality had decreased from 40% in the first period to 27% in the second period and to 2.8% in the present series. Favorable outcome in the same group of @entity1 had increased steadily from 40% in the first period, to 68% in the second period, and finally, to 84% in the present series. CONCLUSIONS: The main observation in this hospital series of @entity131 @entity1 was a low rate of @entity204 directly caused by @entity542 and a high rate of favorable outcome. The comparison of @entity1 with Glasgow @entity772 Scale motor scores of >or=4 with the previously reported results from the same unit indicate that substantial improvement in outcome has been achieved.

title: Outcome after XXXX improved by an organized secondary insult program and standardized neurointensive care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury', 'acute head trauma']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity6598 and @entity61319 has been determined in 6 rural villages in eastern Gabon. Between 18.9 and 27.2% of @entity1 carry L. loa microfilariae with an overall microfilarial rate of 25.1%. The microfilarial rate for M. perstans was more variable, between 33.3 and 62.2% (average 49.1%). No significant difference was seen in the microfilarial rate with age over 15 years for either parasite, but @entity1 were infected more frequently than women. Anti-L. loa antibody titres were measured, using a homologous microfilarial antigen in ELISA. Taking the parasitological and immunological evaluations together, only 10% of the sample population appear to be free of these filarial infections. L. loa and M. perstans microfilaraemia and corresponding serology were also investigated twice in 150 @entity1 at a one-year interval. 99.1% of the cases who had no circulating L. loa microfilaria in March 1984 still did not show any 12 months later. Similarly, 97.1% of the untreated, microfilaraemic cases still harboured this parasite a year later. The same was not observed for M. perstans, since microfilariae appeared or disappeared in 26.7% of the cases. This suggests different dynamics for the two filarial infections. Variation in individual anti-L. loa antibody titres was low. The possibility of a genetic influence on the expression of @entity6600 is discussed.

title: Filariasis due to XXXX and Mansonella perstans: distribution in the region of Okondja, Haut-Ogoou   Province, Gabon, with parasitological and serological follow-up over one year.

entities_list: @entity61319 :: ('MESH:D008368', 'Disease') :: ['Mansonella perstans filariasis']

answer: @entity6598 :: (7209,Species) :: ['Loa loa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The utility of data-based algorithms in research has been questioned because of errors in identification of @entity5 recurrences. We adapted previously published @entity0 recurrence algorithms, selectively using medical record (MR) data to improve classification. METHODS: We evaluated second @entity0 event (SBCE) and recurrence-specific algorithms previously published by Chubak and colleagues in 1535 @entity1 from the Life After Cancer Epidemiology (LACE) and 225 @entity1 from the @entity1 's Health Initiative cohorts and compared classification statistics to published values. We also sought to improve classification with minimal MR examination. We selected pairs of algorithms-one with high sensitivity/high positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) and another with high specificity/high @entity2286 -using MR information to resolve discrepancies between algorithms, properly classifying events based on review; we called this "triangulation." Finally, in LACE, we compared associations between @entity0 survival risk factors and recurrence using MR data, single Chubak algorithms, and triangulation. RESULTS: The SBCE algorithms performed well in identifying SBCE and recurrences. Recurrence-specific algorithms performed more poorly than published except for the high-specificity/high- @entity2286 algorithm, which performed well. The triangulation method (sensitivity = 81.3%, specificity = 99.7%, @entity2286 = 98.1%, NPV = 96.5%) improved recurrence classification over two single algorithms (sensitivity = 57.1%, specificity = 95.5%, @entity2286 = 71.3%, NPV = 91.9%; and sensitivity = 74.6%, specificity = 97.3%, @entity2286 = 84.7%, NPV = 95.1%), with 10.6% MR review. Triangulation performed well in survival risk factor analyses vs analyses using MR-identified recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Use of multiple recurrence algorithms in administrative data, in combination with selective examination of MR data, may improve recurrence data quality and reduce research costs.

title: Enhancing XXXX Recurrence Algorithms Through Selective Use of Medical Record Data.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: In North America and other high-risk areas, there has been a proximal shift in the subsite distribution of @entity14 . We wanted to determine whether any similar change has occurred in Japan, and where the incidence of this disease has increased sharply. METHODS: Data from the Reports of the Japanese Society for @entity694 and Rectum were used to analyze the time trend of @entity14 in Japan between 1974 and 1994 according to the @entity1 ' age at diagnosis and sex, and the site of the @entity5 within the colon or rectum. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1 over the age of 70, especially females, increased. The increase in the percentage of right-sided @entity694 in @entity14 cases was accompanied by a continuous decline in the percentage of @entity5 in both sexes at all ages. In general, the percentage of right-sided @entity694 in @entity694 cases was stable in @entity1 , but increased in @entity1 . The rate among @entity1 older than 70 years increased in @entity1 , but predominated and remained stable in @entity1 . No proximal shift in @entity694 was found in either sex under the age of 69. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that a proximal shift in the subsite distribution of @entity14 has occurred in Japan. This rightward shift of @entity14 is due to the decreasing proportion of @entity5 . Furthermore, the increasing proportion of older @entity1 , especially females, may be another major determinant of the changing @entity694 subsite distribution.

title: Changing site distribution of XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'Cancer of the Colon']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Prepubertal Testis Tumor Registry was established by the Urologic Section of the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1980 to record data on a large number of prepubertal @entity5 regarding presentation, treatment and outcome to define appropriate management better. We reviewed the registry data in the context of other modern studies to elucidate the appropriate management of these rare @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant data in the prepubertal @entity5 registry were tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS: There were 395 prepubertal @entity1 who had a primary @entity5 . Generally @entity5 accounted for 38% of cases. A significant proportion of @entity5 were benign regardless of @entity1 age. @entity160 levels for @entity1 with benign and @entity5 overlapped in @entity1 younger than 6 months. Of the @entity1 with @entity2970 80% presented with stage 1 disease and overall survival was excellent. There were no metastases or deaths among the @entity1 with @entity44 . Of all @entity1 with @entity5 metastases developed in only 1. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend initial excisional biopsy for all amenable prepubertal @entity5 , except those with an @entity160 level that is clearly increased for @entity1 age. @entity1 with @entity5 may be released from oncological followup. @entity1 with stage I @entity2970 should be monitored closely, and those with recurrent or metastatic @entity2970 should be treated with chemotherapy. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is reserved for @entity1 with recurrent retroperitoneal masses following chemotherapy. Aggressive treatment of metastatic Sertoli cell or undifferentiated @entity5 is warranted.

title: Clinical behavior and a contemporary management algorithm for prepubertal XXXX : a summary of the Prepubertal Testis Tumor Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testis tumors', 'testis tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'stromal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['yolk sac tumor']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'alpha-Fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testis tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: Nephron sparing surgery provides effective therapy in @entity1 with a @entity703 4 cm. or less and a normal contralateral kidney. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has been applied as a newer alternative therapy in these @entity1 . These 2 contemporary approaches represent divergent treatment alternatives at centers where laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery is not offered. We compared the short-term and long-term impact of these 2 treatment modalities in @entity1 with a sporadic localized solitary @entity703 4 cm. or less and a normal opposite kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of a contemporary series of @entity1 (1996 to 2001) who underwent open nephron sparing surgery and met study inclusion criteria was performed and compared with a similar cohort (1997 to 2001) that underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. Only @entity1 with a single @entity703 of 4 cm. or less, normal serum @entity1011 less than 1.5 mg./dl. and a normal contralateral kidney were included in analysis. The 2 groups were compared in regard to demographic, clinical and pathological variables using parametric and nonparametric tests. Linear regression analysis was done to compare the percent change in serum @entity1011 , while adjusting for demographic and clinical variables, and followup. RESULTS: A total of 35 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and 82 who underwent open nephron sparing surgery met study inclusion criteria. Mean @entity1 age in the laparoscopic group was significantly greater (67.3 versus 56.2 years, p <0.001), mean American Society of Anesthesiologists class score was higher (p = 0.04) and mean @entity5 size was greater (3.1 versus 2.6 cm., p = 0.003) than in the nephron sparing group. The laparoscopic group had significantly decreased mean @entity190 (100 versus 200 ml., p <0.001), hospital stay (1 versus 5 days, p <0.001), narcotic use (16.5 versus 224 mg., p <0.001) and operative time (184.4 versus 216.2 minutes, p <0.007) compared with the nephron sparing group. @entity1 who underwent nephron sparing surgery experienced less @entity86 in renal function, as measured by the percent increase in serum @entity1011 postoperatively (0% versus 25%, p <0.001). The results of regression analyses at 4 and 6 months of followup indicated that open nephron sparing surgery is associated with significantly lower serum @entity1011 than laparoscopic radical nephrectomy after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables, and followup. CONCLUSIONS: Open nephron sparing surgery and laparoscopic radical nephrectomy are relatively recent and significant developments for @entity15296 @entity1 with @entity1358 and they represent accepted standards of care in those with a small renal mass and normal contralateral kidney. In @entity1 presenting with a @entity703 of 4 cm. or less and a normal contralateral kidney the significant short-term and intermediate term benefits of the laparoscopic approach must be weighed against the long-term advantage of better renal function associated with open nephron sparing surgery. The distinct advantages of these 2 approaches may ultimately be realized with the standardization of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

title: Outcome of laparoscopic radical and open partial nephrectomy for the sporadic 4 cm. or less XXXX with a normal contralateral kidney.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'solitary sporadic renal tumor', 'sporadic solitary renal tumor']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumor']


abstract: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is widely utilized for the assessment of bone metastases (BMs) of @entity521 ( @entity521 ). Since @entity13098 scintigraphy (PS) has been used to image @entity521 with high sensitivity, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of PS with that of @entity79 for the detection of BMs of @entity521 . Nine @entity1 with @entity521 underwent both PS and @entity79 for staging and/or restaging of their disease. The sensitivity and specificity of both imaging approaches were compared based on the findings of histopathology, other conventional imaging methods and subsequent clinical follow-up. In five of the nine @entity1 , both PS and @entity79 were negative for BMs. Radiographic bone surveys (RBSs) were also negative in these @entity1 , except in one who showed a suspicious @entity75 , but a computed tomography-guided biopsy failed to show evidence of disease. These @entity1 remained without clinical evidence of BMs after a median duration of more than 15 months (range, 6-19 months). In three of four remaining @entity1 , both PS and @entity79 were positive for BMs, whilst only PS was positive in one @entity1 . Overall, PS showed a greater number of BMs (30 vs. 7) with greater conspicuity compared with @entity79 . The initial experience comparing @entity79 with PS suggests that PS may provide a better assessment of the extent of BMs of @entity521 , and that it may be useful as an adjunct to @entity79 at institutions in which 131I- or 123I- @entity7990 is not available, particularly if @entity79 is negative. In @entity1 with similarly positive @entity79 , PS might still provide unique prognostic information beyond that provided by @entity79 . Further studies are therefore warranted.

title: @entity13098 versus bone scintigraphy in the detection of bony metastases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tibial lesion']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['metaiodobenzylguanidine']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone scintigraphy', 'BS']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity13098 :: ('MESH:C081788', 'Chemical') :: ['111In-pentetreotide']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is widely utilized for the assessment of bone metastases (BMs) of @entity521 ( @entity521 ). Since @entity13098 scintigraphy (PS) has been used to image @entity521 with high sensitivity, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of PS with that of @entity79 for the detection of BMs of @entity521 . Nine @entity1 with @entity521 underwent both PS and @entity79 for staging and/or restaging of their disease. The sensitivity and specificity of both imaging approaches were compared based on the findings of histopathology, other conventional imaging methods and subsequent clinical follow-up. In five of the nine @entity1 , both PS and @entity79 were negative for BMs. Radiographic bone surveys (RBSs) were also negative in these @entity1 , except in one who showed a suspicious @entity75 , but a computed tomography-guided biopsy failed to show evidence of disease. These @entity1 remained without clinical evidence of BMs after a median duration of more than 15 months (range, 6-19 months). In three of four remaining @entity1 , both PS and @entity79 were positive for BMs, whilst only PS was positive in one @entity1 . Overall, PS showed a greater number of BMs (30 vs. 7) with greater conspicuity compared with @entity79 . The initial experience comparing @entity79 with PS suggests that PS may provide a better assessment of the extent of BMs of @entity521 , and that it may be useful as an adjunct to @entity79 at institutions in which 131I- or 123I- @entity7990 is not available, particularly if @entity79 is negative. In @entity1 with similarly positive @entity79 , PS might still provide unique prognostic information beyond that provided by @entity79 . Further studies are therefore warranted.

title: XXXX versus bone scintigraphy in the detection of bony metastases of @entity521 .

answer: @entity13098 :: (MESH:C081788,Chemical) :: ['111In-pentetreotide']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the diagnosis of @entity135 , lymphatic drainage is complex and highly variable. As regional lymph node @entity3 is one of the most important prognostic factors, lymphoscintigraphy can help map individual drainage patterns. The aim of this study was to compare the results of lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection with theoretical anatomical patterns of lymphatic drainage based on the location of the primary @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity135 . We also determined the percentage of discrepancies between our lymphoscintigraphy and the theoretical location of nodal drainage predicted by a large lymphoscintigraphic database, in order to explain recurrence and false-negative SLN biopsies. METHODS: In this retrospective study of 152 @entity1 with @entity135 , the locations of the SLNs on lymphoscintigraphy and detected intraoperatively were compared with the lymphatic drainage predicted by on-line software based on a large @entity320 database. RESULTS: All @entity1 showed lymphatic drainage and in all @entity1 at least one SLN was identified by lymphoscintigraphy. Of the 152 @entity1 , 4 had a @entity75 in areas that were not described in the Sydney @entity320 Unit database, so agreement could only be evaluated in 148 @entity1 . Agreement between lymphoscintigraphic findings and the theoretical lymphatic drainage predicted by the software was completely concordant in 119 of the 148 @entity1 (80.4  %, 95  % CI 73.3  -  86  %). However, this concordance was partial (some concordant nodes and others not) in 18 @entity1 (12.2  %, 95  % CI 7.8  -  18.4  %). Discordance was complete in 11 @entity1 (7.4  %, 95  % CI 4.2  -  12.8  %). CONCLUSION: In @entity320 of the head and neck there is a high correlation between lymphatic drainage found by lymphoscintigraphy and the predicted drainage pattern and basins provided by a large reference database. Due to unpredictable drainage, preoperative lymphoscintigraphy is essential to accurately detect the SLNs in @entity135 .

title: Correlation between theoretical anatomical patterns of lymphatic drainage and lymphoscintigraphy findings during sentinel node detection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck melanomas']


abstract: A prospective long-term study was conducted of 235 young to middle-aged @entity1 with past histories of and/or active @entity281 of the urinary tract. The present report defines certain characteristics of the population and of the 1,018 confirmed @entity281 of the urinary tract that occurred during observation periods ranging from 1.1 to 19.4 years (mean, 7.4 yr). The population could be divided into 3 groups: @entity1 with confirmed @entity281 who did (Group 1, n = 19) or did not (Group 2, n = 191) receive courses of antimicrobial prophylaxis and those who did not have confirmed @entity281 (Group 3, n = 25). The 3 groups differed significantly only in their mean infection rates per year (3.1, 0.8, and 0.0, respectively). The number of @entity281 among individual @entity1 ranged from 0 to 42. The patterns of recurrent @entity281 among individual @entity1 ranged widely and were not predictable. Clusters of @entity281 occurred in 45.7% of the @entity1 and ranged in size from 2 to 12 @entity281 per cluster. The proportions of different infecting organisms and clinical syndromes were similar to those reported by others. accounted for the great majority of @entity281 . Eighty-five percent of the isolates of tested were serologically classified. A total of 50 different O groups were identified. Three (O4, O6, and O75) of the 131 potential O groups accounted for 49% of the isolates that could be classified. In each of the 4 clinical syndromes, these same 3 O groups were also the most frequently identified. The ability to classify serologically the infecting isolates of permitted a more complete definition of the complexity of patterns of recurrent @entity281 among individual @entity1 . The findings in the present study are compared with those in the literature.

title: Infections of the urinary tract in XXXX : a prospective, longitudinal study of 235 @entity1 observed for 1-19 years.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A prospective long-term study was conducted of 235 young to middle-aged @entity1 with past histories of and/or active @entity281 of the urinary tract. The present report defines certain characteristics of the population and of the 1,018 confirmed @entity281 of the urinary tract that occurred during observation periods ranging from 1.1 to 19.4 years (mean, 7.4 yr). The population could be divided into 3 groups: @entity1 with confirmed @entity281 who did (Group 1, n = 19) or did not (Group 2, n = 191) receive courses of antimicrobial prophylaxis and those who did not have confirmed @entity281 (Group 3, n = 25). The 3 groups differed significantly only in their mean infection rates per year (3.1, 0.8, and 0.0, respectively). The number of @entity281 among individual @entity1 ranged from 0 to 42. The patterns of recurrent @entity281 among individual @entity1 ranged widely and were not predictable. Clusters of @entity281 occurred in 45.7% of the @entity1 and ranged in size from 2 to 12 @entity281 per cluster. The proportions of different infecting organisms and clinical syndromes were similar to those reported by others. accounted for the great majority of @entity281 . Eighty-five percent of the isolates of tested were serologically classified. A total of 50 different O groups were identified. Three (O4, O6, and O75) of the 131 potential O groups accounted for 49% of the isolates that could be classified. In each of the 4 clinical syndromes, these same 3 O groups were also the most frequently identified. The ability to classify serologically the infecting isolates of permitted a more complete definition of the complexity of patterns of recurrent @entity281 among individual @entity1 . The findings in the present study are compared with those in the literature.

title: Infections of the urinary tract in @entity1 : a prospective, longitudinal study of 235 XXXX observed for 1-19 years.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']