abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review previous studies and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) in @entity5 . METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive review of studies published through September 2014 to retrieve all relevant articles. The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wan Fang Data and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were systematically searched for all relevant studies published in English or Chinese through September 2014. Data were abstracted independently by two reviewers, and any differences were resolved by consensus. RESULTS: A total of 9 studies containing 249 VEIL procedures involving 138 @entity1 were reviewed. Of the 249 VEIL procedures, only 1 (0.4%) was converted to an open procedure for suturing because of @entity130 . The range of operative time was 62 to 110 minutes, and the range of estimated @entity190 was 5.5 to 22 ml. The range of the number of harvested lymph nodes was 7.3 to 16. The length of hospital stay varied from 7 to 13.6 days across reports. The incidence of @entity1600 was 19.7% (27/138), and the recurrence rate was 4.3% (3/70) within 3 to 41 months of follow-up. One or more short-term complications were documented in 18 of 138 (13.0%) @entity1 . Complications after VEIL were observed in 14 (10.13%) @entity1 and in 15 (6.0%) of the VEIL cases, including major lymphocyst formation in 9 (3.6%), lymphorrhea in 2 (0.8%), @entity2737 without wound breakdown in 3 (1.2%) and @entity4269 in 1 (0.4%). CONCLUSIONS: VEIL appears to be a feasible procedure in the management of @entity5 . There may be potential benefits that result in lower morbidity compared to traditional methods, but this has yet to be objectively proven.

title: Feasibility and Safety of Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy in XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal wound infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the femoral vein']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Vulvar Cancer']


abstract: The effects of various i.v. doses of @entity3522 (Voltaren, 1.5, 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg) were evaluated by measuring the vocalization threshold in response to paw pressure in normal and in Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritic @entity35 . An electrophysiological study performed in parallel in arthritic @entity35 considered the effects of 6 mg/kg i.v. @entity3522 on ventrobasal thalamic neuronal responses driven by mild stimulation of an inflamed joint. In normal @entity35 , 6 and 9 mg/kg i.v. @entity3522 raised vocalization thresholds significantly (maximum vocalization thresholds were respectively 135.67 +/- 3.30% and 157.41 +/- 4.62% of the preinjection control at 30 min, n = 9 in each group), while no effect was observed with 3 mg/kg. In arthritic @entity35 , i.v. doses of 3, 6 and 9 mg/kg @entity3522 induced a clear analgesic effect (maximum vocalization thresholds were respectively 172.22 +/- 4.26, 201.78 +/- 4.76, 222.33 +/- 5.10% of the control at 25 min, n = 9 in each group), whereas a dose of 1.5 mg/kg i.v. did not raise the threshold. In arthritic @entity35 , the VB neuronal responses were depressed by about 50% 20 min after an injection of 6 mg/kg i.v. @entity3522 . These results clearly establish that @entity3522 produces a dose-dependent analgesic effect, which is more potent in arthritic than in normal @entity35 .

title: Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence for an analgesic effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'diclofenac sodium']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['sodium diclofenac']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: There have been many reported cases of @entity5125 @entity2259 in Europe and the United States, but only a few from Taiwan. The present study was undertaken to analyze the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity5125 @entity2259 in Taiwan. METHODS: @entity1 with culture-confirmed @entity5125 @entity2259 were identified at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between January 2001 and December 2008. The clinical features and outcomes of the @entity1 and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the clinical isolates were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 , including two newborn babies (4.7%) and 41 adults (95.3%), with at least one episode of Listeria @entity2259 were identified. Forty-two (97.7%) of these @entity1 had underlying diseases. Thirty-three @entity1 (76.7%) had @entity221 , 14 (32.6%) had experienced @entity649 , and 11 (25.6%) had reported changes in consciousness. Twelve @entity1 died within 14 days of @entity281 , corresponding to a case-fatality rate of 27.9%. All the clinical isolates tested were susceptible to @entity869 , @entity114 and @entity2176 . CONCLUSION: Most cases of @entity5125 @entity281 occurred in adults with underlying diseases, especially @entity5 , and only two cases of neonatal @entity5125 @entity2259 were identified over the 8-year period. @entity114 , @entity869 and @entity2176 could be used for the treatment of @entity5125 @entity2259 , with the case-fatality rate lower for @entity1 who received appropriate treatment.

title: Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of @entity5125 XXXX in a Taiwanese medical center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin', 'penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: There have been many reported cases of @entity5125 @entity2259 in Europe and the United States, but only a few from Taiwan. The present study was undertaken to analyze the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity5125 @entity2259 in Taiwan. METHODS: @entity1 with culture-confirmed @entity5125 @entity2259 were identified at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between January 2001 and December 2008. The clinical features and outcomes of the @entity1 and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the clinical isolates were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 , including two newborn babies (4.7%) and 41 adults (95.3%), with at least one episode of Listeria @entity2259 were identified. Forty-two (97.7%) of these @entity1 had underlying diseases. Thirty-three @entity1 (76.7%) had @entity221 , 14 (32.6%) had experienced @entity649 , and 11 (25.6%) had reported changes in consciousness. Twelve @entity1 died within 14 days of @entity281 , corresponding to a case-fatality rate of 27.9%. All the clinical isolates tested were susceptible to @entity869 , @entity114 and @entity2176 . CONCLUSION: Most cases of @entity5125 @entity281 occurred in adults with underlying diseases, especially @entity5 , and only two cases of neonatal @entity5125 @entity2259 were identified over the 8-year period. @entity114 , @entity869 and @entity2176 could be used for the treatment of @entity5125 @entity2259 , with the case-fatality rate lower for @entity1 who received appropriate treatment.

title: Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of XXXX @entity2259 in a Taiwanese medical center.

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: To assess whether the prophylactic administration of @entity50233 , a new @entity460 antagonist, protects the heart against the effects of @entity63 and reperfusion, @entity35 were injected intraperitoneally twice daily for 5 days with 5 mg/kg body weight of this drug. The heart was then isolated and perfused by the Langendorff technique. @entity9715 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor myocardial energy metabolism and intracellular pH during control perfusion and 30 min of total @entity63 (37 degrees C), followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Pretreatment with @entity50233 altered neither left ventricular developed pressure under normoxic conditions nor the rate and extent of depletion of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) and @entity1734 during @entity63 . Intracellular acidification, however, was attenuated. On reperfusion, hearts from @entity50233 -pretreated animals recovered significantly better than untreated hearts with respect to replenishment of @entity855 and @entity1734 stores, restitution of low levels of intracellular inorganic @entity1391 and recovery of left ventricular function and coronary flow. Intracellular pH recovered rapidly to preischemic levels, whereas in untreated hearts a complex intracellular inorganic @entity1391 peak indicated the existence of areas of different pH within the myocardium. It is concluded that @entity50233 pretreatment protects the heart against some of the deleterious effects of @entity63 and reperfusion. Because this protection occurred in the absence of a negative inotropic effect during normoxia, it cannot be attributed to an energy-sparing effect during @entity63 . Therefore, alternative mechanisms of action are to be considered.

title: Protective effect of pretreatment with the @entity460 antagonist @entity50233 on the ischemic-reperfused @entity35 myocardium: a XXXX nuclear magnetic resonance study.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity9715 :: ('CHEBI:37971', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphorus-31']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity9715 :: (CHEBI:37971,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus-31']


abstract: To assess whether the prophylactic administration of @entity50233 , a new @entity460 antagonist, protects the heart against the effects of @entity63 and reperfusion, @entity35 were injected intraperitoneally twice daily for 5 days with 5 mg/kg body weight of this drug. The heart was then isolated and perfused by the Langendorff technique. @entity9715 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor myocardial energy metabolism and intracellular pH during control perfusion and 30 min of total @entity63 (37 degrees C), followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Pretreatment with @entity50233 altered neither left ventricular developed pressure under normoxic conditions nor the rate and extent of depletion of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) and @entity1734 during @entity63 . Intracellular acidification, however, was attenuated. On reperfusion, hearts from @entity50233 -pretreated animals recovered significantly better than untreated hearts with respect to replenishment of @entity855 and @entity1734 stores, restitution of low levels of intracellular inorganic @entity1391 and recovery of left ventricular function and coronary flow. Intracellular pH recovered rapidly to preischemic levels, whereas in untreated hearts a complex intracellular inorganic @entity1391 peak indicated the existence of areas of different pH within the myocardium. It is concluded that @entity50233 pretreatment protects the heart against some of the deleterious effects of @entity63 and reperfusion. Because this protection occurred in the absence of a negative inotropic effect during normoxia, it cannot be attributed to an energy-sparing effect during @entity63 . Therefore, alternative mechanisms of action are to be considered.

title: Protective effect of pretreatment with the @entity460 antagonist XXXX on the ischemic-reperfused @entity35 myocardium: a @entity9715 nuclear magnetic resonance study.

answer: @entity50233 :: (MESH:C045313,Chemical) :: ['anipamil']


abstract: To assess whether the prophylactic administration of @entity50233 , a new @entity460 antagonist, protects the heart against the effects of @entity63 and reperfusion, @entity35 were injected intraperitoneally twice daily for 5 days with 5 mg/kg body weight of this drug. The heart was then isolated and perfused by the Langendorff technique. @entity9715 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor myocardial energy metabolism and intracellular pH during control perfusion and 30 min of total @entity63 (37 degrees C), followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Pretreatment with @entity50233 altered neither left ventricular developed pressure under normoxic conditions nor the rate and extent of depletion of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) and @entity1734 during @entity63 . Intracellular acidification, however, was attenuated. On reperfusion, hearts from @entity50233 -pretreated animals recovered significantly better than untreated hearts with respect to replenishment of @entity855 and @entity1734 stores, restitution of low levels of intracellular inorganic @entity1391 and recovery of left ventricular function and coronary flow. Intracellular pH recovered rapidly to preischemic levels, whereas in untreated hearts a complex intracellular inorganic @entity1391 peak indicated the existence of areas of different pH within the myocardium. It is concluded that @entity50233 pretreatment protects the heart against some of the deleterious effects of @entity63 and reperfusion. Because this protection occurred in the absence of a negative inotropic effect during normoxia, it cannot be attributed to an energy-sparing effect during @entity63 . Therefore, alternative mechanisms of action are to be considered.

title: Protective effect of pretreatment with the XXXX antagonist @entity50233 on the ischemic-reperfused @entity35 myocardium: a @entity9715 nuclear magnetic resonance study.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: To assess whether the prophylactic administration of @entity50233 , a new @entity460 antagonist, protects the heart against the effects of @entity63 and reperfusion, @entity35 were injected intraperitoneally twice daily for 5 days with 5 mg/kg body weight of this drug. The heart was then isolated and perfused by the Langendorff technique. @entity9715 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor myocardial energy metabolism and intracellular pH during control perfusion and 30 min of total @entity63 (37 degrees C), followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Pretreatment with @entity50233 altered neither left ventricular developed pressure under normoxic conditions nor the rate and extent of depletion of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) and @entity1734 during @entity63 . Intracellular acidification, however, was attenuated. On reperfusion, hearts from @entity50233 -pretreated animals recovered significantly better than untreated hearts with respect to replenishment of @entity855 and @entity1734 stores, restitution of low levels of intracellular inorganic @entity1391 and recovery of left ventricular function and coronary flow. Intracellular pH recovered rapidly to preischemic levels, whereas in untreated hearts a complex intracellular inorganic @entity1391 peak indicated the existence of areas of different pH within the myocardium. It is concluded that @entity50233 pretreatment protects the heart against some of the deleterious effects of @entity63 and reperfusion. Because this protection occurred in the absence of a negative inotropic effect during normoxia, it cannot be attributed to an energy-sparing effect during @entity63 . Therefore, alternative mechanisms of action are to be considered.

title: Protective effect of pretreatment with the @entity460 antagonist @entity50233 on the ischemic-reperfused XXXX myocardium: a @entity9715 nuclear magnetic resonance study.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The clinical and pathological features of six @entity1 with so-called "intraventricular @entity3271 " are reported. The @entity5 had no predilection for sex, and the @entity1 ' age at diagnosis ranged from 15 to 39 years. The lesions were located in the lateral and/or third ventricles. Total @entity5 was performed in three @entity1 , and the remaining three underwent partial resection. Postoperative irradiation was given to five @entity1 . A follow-up study revealed that five @entity1 were free of recurrent @entity5 at 15 to 227 months after treatment, and one was alive with disease 25 months after surgery. Histologically, all @entity5 were composed of small uniform cells, with perinuclear halos and regular round nuclei. @entity5 cells were sometimes arranged around nucleus-free fibrillary zones. Mitoses were infrequent. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells had round nuclei with dispersed heterochromatin and organelle-sparse cytoplasm containing occasional microtubules, 20 to 25 nm in diameter, and scattered dense-core vesicles, 100 to 200 nm in diameter. Cell processes containing dense-core and clear vesicles were frequently present. Thus, these @entity5 should be considered neuronal in origin, and should be classified as " @entity1757 ."

title: XXXX : clinicopathological features of six cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular neurocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor', 'Tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['Intraventricular neurocytoma']


abstract: @entity1510 in the doses of 4 or 16 mg/kg failed to affect copulatory behavior of @entity251 -treated castrated male @entity35 . @entity1286 10 mg/kg, administered 60 min before behavioral observation, reduced the proportion of animals displaying @entity146 . Doses of 2.5 or 5 mg/kg reduced the latency to the second ejaculation, whereas the few animals still copulating after @entity1286 10 mg/kg showed a reduced latency to the first ejaculation. The same doses of @entity1286 administered 5 min before behavioral observation produced a dose-dependent reduction of mount, intromission and ejaculation percentages. However, those animals that did copulate showed a normal copulatory behavior. @entity5171 ( @entity5171 ) infused into the left cerebral ventricle in a dose of 5 micrograms 5 or 60 min before tests had no effect. When the peptide was infused 30 sec after the first intromission, the number of intromissions as well as the latency to ejaculation were reduced. Opioids may facilitate ejaculatory mechanisms, perhaps as a consequence of their rewarding properties. Moreover, in animals treated with @entity5171 after the first intromission, the number of intromissions and the latency to ejaculation were similar for the first and second copulatory series, while these parameters were much reduced upon the second ejaculation for control animals. It is possible that liberation of endogenous opioids is the cause of ejaculation-induced facilitation of subsequent @entity146 .

title: Opioids and XXXX in the male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity5171 :: ('MESH:C022118', 'Chemical') :: ['DALA', 'D-Ala2-Met5 enkephalinamide']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sexual behavior']


abstract: @entity1510 in the doses of 4 or 16 mg/kg failed to affect copulatory behavior of @entity251 -treated castrated male @entity35 . @entity1286 10 mg/kg, administered 60 min before behavioral observation, reduced the proportion of animals displaying @entity146 . Doses of 2.5 or 5 mg/kg reduced the latency to the second ejaculation, whereas the few animals still copulating after @entity1286 10 mg/kg showed a reduced latency to the first ejaculation. The same doses of @entity1286 administered 5 min before behavioral observation produced a dose-dependent reduction of mount, intromission and ejaculation percentages. However, those animals that did copulate showed a normal copulatory behavior. @entity5171 ( @entity5171 ) infused into the left cerebral ventricle in a dose of 5 micrograms 5 or 60 min before tests had no effect. When the peptide was infused 30 sec after the first intromission, the number of intromissions as well as the latency to ejaculation were reduced. Opioids may facilitate ejaculatory mechanisms, perhaps as a consequence of their rewarding properties. Moreover, in animals treated with @entity5171 after the first intromission, the number of intromissions and the latency to ejaculation were similar for the first and second copulatory series, while these parameters were much reduced upon the second ejaculation for control animals. It is possible that liberation of endogenous opioids is the cause of ejaculation-induced facilitation of subsequent @entity146 .

title: Opioids and @entity146 in the male XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pain-related @entity148 and fear are associated with increased difficulties in attention, increased awareness of @entity158 , @entity73 from @entity158 , and can moderate the effects of attentional coping attempts. Accurately assessing the direct impact of @entity158 -related @entity148 and fear on @entity158 behavior has proved difficult. Studies have demonstrated no or limited influence of @entity158 -related fear and @entity148 on behavior but this may be due to inherent problems with the scales used. Neuroimaging has improved the understanding of neural processes underlying the factors that influence @entity158 perception. This study aimed to establish if a @entity14978 ( @entity14978 ), largely developed from the Photographs of Daily Activity (PHODA) assessment tool, could help explore how @entity1 living with chronic @entity158 process information about daily activities. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare brain responses in @entity1 with chronic @entity4512 (CMSKP) (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 15). Subjects were asked to imagine how they would feel mentally and physically if asked to perform daily activities illustrated in @entity14978 . The results found that a number of regions involved in @entity158 processing saw increased BOLD activation in @entity1 compared with controls when undertaking the task and included the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus and inferior and superior parietal cortices. Similarly, increased BOLD responses in @entity1 compared to controls in the frontal pole, paracingulate and the supplementary motor cortex may be suggestive of a memory component to the responses The amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, substantia nigra/ventral tegmentum, putamen, thalamus, pallidum, inferior parietal (supramarginal and angular gyrus) and cingulate cortex were also seen to have greater differences in BOLD signal changes in @entity1 compared with controls and many of these regions are also associated with general phobic responses. Therefore, we suggest that @entity14978 is a useful task to explore @entity158 - and movement-related @entity148 and fear in fMRI studies. Regions in the Default Mode Network remained active or were less deactivated during the @entity14978 task in @entity1 with CMSKP compared to healthy controls supporting the contention that the DMN is abnormal in @entity1 with CMSKP.

title: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study to Investigate the Utility of a Picture Imagination Task in Investigating Neural Responses in @entity1 with XXXX to Daily Physical Activity Photographs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity14978 :: ('MESH:C566973', 'Disease') :: ['PIT', 'Picture and Imagination Task']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired disengagement']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pain-related @entity148 and fear are associated with increased difficulties in attention, increased awareness of @entity158 , @entity73 from @entity158 , and can moderate the effects of attentional coping attempts. Accurately assessing the direct impact of @entity158 -related @entity148 and fear on @entity158 behavior has proved difficult. Studies have demonstrated no or limited influence of @entity158 -related fear and @entity148 on behavior but this may be due to inherent problems with the scales used. Neuroimaging has improved the understanding of neural processes underlying the factors that influence @entity158 perception. This study aimed to establish if a @entity14978 ( @entity14978 ), largely developed from the Photographs of Daily Activity (PHODA) assessment tool, could help explore how @entity1 living with chronic @entity158 process information about daily activities. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to compare brain responses in @entity1 with chronic @entity4512 (CMSKP) (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 15). Subjects were asked to imagine how they would feel mentally and physically if asked to perform daily activities illustrated in @entity14978 . The results found that a number of regions involved in @entity158 processing saw increased BOLD activation in @entity1 compared with controls when undertaking the task and included the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus and inferior and superior parietal cortices. Similarly, increased BOLD responses in @entity1 compared to controls in the frontal pole, paracingulate and the supplementary motor cortex may be suggestive of a memory component to the responses The amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, substantia nigra/ventral tegmentum, putamen, thalamus, pallidum, inferior parietal (supramarginal and angular gyrus) and cingulate cortex were also seen to have greater differences in BOLD signal changes in @entity1 compared with controls and many of these regions are also associated with general phobic responses. Therefore, we suggest that @entity14978 is a useful task to explore @entity158 - and movement-related @entity148 and fear in fMRI studies. Regions in the Default Mode Network remained active or were less deactivated during the @entity14978 task in @entity1 with CMSKP compared to healthy controls supporting the contention that the DMN is abnormal in @entity1 with CMSKP.

title: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study to Investigate the Utility of a Picture Imagination Task in Investigating Neural Responses in XXXX with @entity4512 to Daily Physical Activity Photographs.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIMS: Survival after out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) remains disappointingly low. Among @entity1 admitted alive, early prognostication remains challenging. This study aims to establish a stratification score for @entity1 admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) after OHCA, according to their neurological outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: The CAHP ( @entity1167 Hospital Prognosis) score was developed from the @entity944 Expertise Center registry (Paris, France). The primary outcome was poor neurological outcome defined as Cerebral Performance Category 3, 4, or 5 at hospital discharge. Independent prognostic factors were identified using logistic regression analysis and thresholds defined to stratify low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups. The CAHP score was validated in both a prospective and an external data set (Parisian @entity1167 Registry). The developmental data set included 819 @entity1 admitted from May 2011 to December 2012. After multivariate analysis, seven variables were independently associated with poor neurological outcome and subsequently included in the CAHP score (age, non-shockable rhythm, time from collapse to basic life support, time from basic life support to return of spontaneous circulation, location of @entity1167 , @entity1425 dose, and arterial pH). Three risks groups were identified: low risk (score  <=150, 39% of unfavourable outcome), medium risk (score 150-200, 81% of unfavourable outcome) and high-risk group (score >= 200, 100% of unfavourable outcome). The AUC of the CAHP score were 0.93, and the discrimination value in the validation data sets was consistent (respectively, AUC 0.91 and 0.85). CONCLUSION: The CAHP score represents a simple tool for early stratification of @entity1 admitted in ICU after OHCA. A high-risk category of @entity1 with very poor prognosis can be easily identified.

title: The CAHP ( XXXX Hospital Prognosis) score: a tool for risk stratification after out-of-hospital @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden Death']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac Arrest', 'cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Arrest']


abstract: AIMS: Survival after out-of-hospital @entity1167 (OHCA) remains disappointingly low. Among @entity1 admitted alive, early prognostication remains challenging. This study aims to establish a stratification score for @entity1 admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) after OHCA, according to their neurological outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: The CAHP ( @entity1167 Hospital Prognosis) score was developed from the @entity944 Expertise Center registry (Paris, France). The primary outcome was poor neurological outcome defined as Cerebral Performance Category 3, 4, or 5 at hospital discharge. Independent prognostic factors were identified using logistic regression analysis and thresholds defined to stratify low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups. The CAHP score was validated in both a prospective and an external data set (Parisian @entity1167 Registry). The developmental data set included 819 @entity1 admitted from May 2011 to December 2012. After multivariate analysis, seven variables were independently associated with poor neurological outcome and subsequently included in the CAHP score (age, non-shockable rhythm, time from collapse to basic life support, time from basic life support to return of spontaneous circulation, location of @entity1167 , @entity1425 dose, and arterial pH). Three risks groups were identified: low risk (score  <=150, 39% of unfavourable outcome), medium risk (score 150-200, 81% of unfavourable outcome) and high-risk group (score >= 200, 100% of unfavourable outcome). The AUC of the CAHP score were 0.93, and the discrimination value in the validation data sets was consistent (respectively, AUC 0.91 and 0.85). CONCLUSION: The CAHP score represents a simple tool for early stratification of @entity1 admitted in ICU after OHCA. A high-risk category of @entity1 with very poor prognosis can be easily identified.

title: The CAHP ( @entity1167 Hospital Prognosis) score: a tool for risk stratification after out-of-hospital XXXX .

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This report focuses on the adaptive phase I trial design aimed to find the clinically applicable dose for @entity11508 maintenance treatment after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in @entity1 with higher-risk @entity2590 and secondary @entity3052 . METHODS: The first cohort (three @entity1 ) was given the same initial daily dose of @entity11508 (5  mg/m(2)/day, five consecutive days with 4-week intervals). In all cohorts, the doses for Cycles 2 to 4 were individualized using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling and simulations. The goal of dose individualization was to determine the maximum dose for each @entity1 at which the occurrence of grade 4 (CTC-AE) @entity137 for both platelet and neutrophil counts could be avoided. The initial doses for the following cohorts were also estimated with the data from the previous cohorts in the same manner. RESULTS: In all but one @entity1 (14 out of 15), neutrophil count was the dose-limiting factor throughout the cycles. In cycles where doses were individualized, the median neutrophil nadir observed was 1100/mm(3) (grade 2) and grade 4 @entity137 occurred in 5.1  % of all cycles (while it occurred in 36.8  % where doses were not individualized). The initial doses estimated for cohorts 2 to 5 were 4, 5, 5.5, and 5  mg/m(2)/day, respectively. The median maintenance dose was 7  mg/m(2)/day. CONCLUSIONS: We determined the acceptable starting dose and individualized the maintenance dose for each @entity1 , while minimizing the @entity137 using the adaptive approach. Currently, 5  mg/m(2)/day is considered to be the most appropriate starting dose for the regimen studied. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01277484.

title: Model-based adaptive phase I trial design of post-transplant @entity11508 maintenance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ['decitabine']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This report focuses on the adaptive phase I trial design aimed to find the clinically applicable dose for @entity11508 maintenance treatment after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in @entity1 with higher-risk @entity2590 and secondary @entity3052 . METHODS: The first cohort (three @entity1 ) was given the same initial daily dose of @entity11508 (5  mg/m(2)/day, five consecutive days with 4-week intervals). In all cohorts, the doses for Cycles 2 to 4 were individualized using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling and simulations. The goal of dose individualization was to determine the maximum dose for each @entity1 at which the occurrence of grade 4 (CTC-AE) @entity137 for both platelet and neutrophil counts could be avoided. The initial doses for the following cohorts were also estimated with the data from the previous cohorts in the same manner. RESULTS: In all but one @entity1 (14 out of 15), neutrophil count was the dose-limiting factor throughout the cycles. In cycles where doses were individualized, the median neutrophil nadir observed was 1100/mm(3) (grade 2) and grade 4 @entity137 occurred in 5.1  % of all cycles (while it occurred in 36.8  % where doses were not individualized). The initial doses estimated for cohorts 2 to 5 were 4, 5, 5.5, and 5  mg/m(2)/day, respectively. The median maintenance dose was 7  mg/m(2)/day. CONCLUSIONS: We determined the acceptable starting dose and individualized the maintenance dose for each @entity1 , while minimizing the @entity137 using the adaptive approach. Currently, 5  mg/m(2)/day is considered to be the most appropriate starting dose for the regimen studied. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01277484.

title: Model-based adaptive phase I trial design of post-transplant XXXX maintenance in @entity2590 .

answer: @entity11508 :: (MESH:C014347,Chemical) :: ['decitabine']


abstract: @entity7014 is a common @entity281 , and many of its symptoms are similar to those of @entity30 . Despite a long discussion on the role of microbiologic agents in @entity30 , @entity7014 has never been investigated. We studied @entity7014 as assessed by the occurrence of cysts in 86 @entity1 with @entity30 , in 82 @entity1 with other @entity344 , and in 52 @entity1 without @entity344 . In addition, in 20 @entity1 with @entity30 the effects of @entity868 on @entity7014 and disease activity were studied. Frequency of @entity7014 was 61.6% in @entity1 with @entity30 , 31.7% in @entity1 with other @entity344 , and 5.8% in the control group (p less than 0.01). Stool frequency, disease activity, and humoral signs of @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity30 showed no relationship to @entity7014 . All but two @entity1 treated with @entity868 became free of cysts. @entity30 activity index decreased in 14 of 20 @entity1 (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, @entity7014 is a common finding in @entity1 with @entity30 . Treatment of @entity7014 can, in individual cases of @entity30 , result in a quick recovery from symptoms of high disease activity.

title: XXXX is frequently complicated by @entity7014 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['Giardiasis', 'giardiasis']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: @entity7014 is a common @entity281 , and many of its symptoms are similar to those of @entity30 . Despite a long discussion on the role of microbiologic agents in @entity30 , @entity7014 has never been investigated. We studied @entity7014 as assessed by the occurrence of cysts in 86 @entity1 with @entity30 , in 82 @entity1 with other @entity344 , and in 52 @entity1 without @entity344 . In addition, in 20 @entity1 with @entity30 the effects of @entity868 on @entity7014 and disease activity were studied. Frequency of @entity7014 was 61.6% in @entity1 with @entity30 , 31.7% in @entity1 with other @entity344 , and 5.8% in the control group (p less than 0.01). Stool frequency, disease activity, and humoral signs of @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity30 showed no relationship to @entity7014 . All but two @entity1 treated with @entity868 became free of cysts. @entity30 activity index decreased in 14 of 20 @entity1 (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, @entity7014 is a common finding in @entity1 with @entity30 . Treatment of @entity7014 can, in individual cases of @entity30 , result in a quick recovery from symptoms of high disease activity.

title: @entity30 is frequently complicated by XXXX .

answer: @entity7014 :: (MESH:D005873,Disease) :: ['giardiasis']


abstract: In the sphere of dialysis treatment, the questions of adequacy of this form of treatment are receiving increasing attention. One of the criteria for the evaluation of this problem is no doubt the functional and anatomical state of the body. As the eye findings form an integral part of the entire clinical picture, the occurrence of pathological @entity75 found after long term dialysis treatment (LTDT) can be used as a criterion of adequacy of the chosen treatment. Eye findings were evaluated in 12 @entity1 with @entity740 treated by haemodialysis for at least 10 years. On the external eye segment, most evident were degenerative changes of the pinguecula type, occurring in all @entity1 . In all cases we also observed a massive disturbance of the retinal electrical activity (REA). In 58% of all examined @entity1 we found a peculiar yellow-brownish pigmentation of the eye background. Greater or smaller alterations in the intra-ocular microcirculation in the chorioideal, retinal and papillary circulation regions were proven fluoroangiographically in all @entity1 . In 5 eyes a marked disturbance of central vision was found as a result of pathological changes of the retinal centres or atrophy of the optic nerve. We may sum up that the haemodialysis treatment is yet not able to maintain all functions of the body at a satisfactory level.

title: XXXX after long-term dialysis treatment.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmologic lesions']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Ophthalmological lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders and to describe predicting variables associated with @entity627 in 5 regions of M  xico. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, community-based study performed in 5 regions in M  xico. The methodology followed the guidelines proposed by the Community Oriented Program for the Control of the @entity627 (COPCORD). A standardized methodology was used at all sites, with trained personnel following a common protocol of interviewing adult subjects in their household. A "positive case" was defined as an individual with nontraumatic @entity4512 of > 1 on a visual analog @entity158 scale (0 to 10) during the last 7 days. All positive cases were referred to internists or rheumatologists for further clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and proper treatment. RESULTS: The study included 19,213 individuals; 11,602 (68.8%) were female, and their mean age was 42.8 (SD 17.9) years. The prevalence of @entity4512 was 25.5%, but significant variations (7.1% to 43.5%) across geographical regions occurred. The prevalence of @entity571 was 10.5%, back @entity158 5.8%, rheumatic regional @entity158 syndromes 3.8%, @entity309 1.6%, @entity239 0.7%, and gout 0.3%. The prevalence of MSK manifestations was associated with older age and female gender. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity4512 in our study was 25.5%. Geographic variations in the prevalence of @entity4512 and specific diagnoses suggested a role for geographic factors in the prevalence of @entity627 .

title: Epidemiology of the XXXX in Mexico. A study of 5 regions based on the COPCORD methodology.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic Diseases', 'rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: FSH-secreting @entity977 are extremely rare in @entity1 and are seldom associated with clinical manifestations of high serum gonadotrophin levels. Thus, most @entity1 have a late presentation, usually as macroadenomas. CASE REPORTS: Two different clinical forms of presentation of FSH-secreting @entity977 are reported: one in a 12-year-old @entity1 with @entity2100 due to a @entity4611 , probably FSH-secreting, and the other in a 15-year-old @entity1 with @entity7961 due to an FSH-producing macroadenoma. Both @entity1 presented slightly high or high FSH with low LH and high inhibin B levels. In the first case, the microadenoma was treated medically with @entity9229 , which failed to reduce FSH and inhibin B levels. No radiological progression has been observed despite increasing testicular volume. In the second case, surgery was performed on the macroadenoma, leading to a decrease in FSH and inhibin B levels. The @entity1 developed severe @entity28 and is currently under treatment with @entity1943 . CONCLUSIONS: FSH-secreting @entity977 have an extremely variable clinical expression. The discrepancy between normal or slightly increased FSH and low LH values, together with high inhibin B levels, strongly suggests FSH @entity4089 which should be studied.

title: @entity2100 and XXXX : two different forms of presentation of FSH-secreting @entity977 in adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hypersecretion']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic obesity']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary microadenoma']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['macroorchidism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

answer: @entity7961 :: (MESH:C580003,Disease) :: ['panhypopituitarism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: FSH-secreting @entity977 are extremely rare in @entity1 and are seldom associated with clinical manifestations of high serum gonadotrophin levels. Thus, most @entity1 have a late presentation, usually as macroadenomas. CASE REPORTS: Two different clinical forms of presentation of FSH-secreting @entity977 are reported: one in a 12-year-old @entity1 with @entity2100 due to a @entity4611 , probably FSH-secreting, and the other in a 15-year-old @entity1 with @entity7961 due to an FSH-producing macroadenoma. Both @entity1 presented slightly high or high FSH with low LH and high inhibin B levels. In the first case, the microadenoma was treated medically with @entity9229 , which failed to reduce FSH and inhibin B levels. No radiological progression has been observed despite increasing testicular volume. In the second case, surgery was performed on the macroadenoma, leading to a decrease in FSH and inhibin B levels. The @entity1 developed severe @entity28 and is currently under treatment with @entity1943 . CONCLUSIONS: FSH-secreting @entity977 have an extremely variable clinical expression. The discrepancy between normal or slightly increased FSH and low LH values, together with high inhibin B levels, strongly suggests FSH @entity4089 which should be studied.

title: XXXX and @entity7961 : two different forms of presentation of FSH-secreting @entity977 in adolescence.

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['Macroorchidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: FSH-secreting @entity977 are extremely rare in @entity1 and are seldom associated with clinical manifestations of high serum gonadotrophin levels. Thus, most @entity1 have a late presentation, usually as macroadenomas. CASE REPORTS: Two different clinical forms of presentation of FSH-secreting @entity977 are reported: one in a 12-year-old @entity1 with @entity2100 due to a @entity4611 , probably FSH-secreting, and the other in a 15-year-old @entity1 with @entity7961 due to an FSH-producing macroadenoma. Both @entity1 presented slightly high or high FSH with low LH and high inhibin B levels. In the first case, the microadenoma was treated medically with @entity9229 , which failed to reduce FSH and inhibin B levels. No radiological progression has been observed despite increasing testicular volume. In the second case, surgery was performed on the macroadenoma, leading to a decrease in FSH and inhibin B levels. The @entity1 developed severe @entity28 and is currently under treatment with @entity1943 . CONCLUSIONS: FSH-secreting @entity977 have an extremely variable clinical expression. The discrepancy between normal or slightly increased FSH and low LH values, together with high inhibin B levels, strongly suggests FSH @entity4089 which should be studied.

title: @entity2100 and @entity7961 : two different forms of presentation of FSH-secreting XXXX in adolescence.

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only a few randomized controlled trials have been carried out to evaluate various complementary treatments for @entity56 . This study assessed the effects of the preseasonal use of @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ; birch pollen added to honey) or regular honey (RH) on symptoms and medication during birch pollen season. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 (59% female, mean age 33 years) with physician-diagnosed birch pollen @entity566 consumed either @entity2023 or RH daily in incremental amounts from November 2008 to March 2009. Seventeen @entity1 (53% female, mean age 36 years) on their usual @entity566 medication served as the control group. From April to May, @entity1 recorded daily rhinoconjunctival and other symptoms and their use of medication. Fifty @entity1 completed the study. RESULTS: During birch pollen season in 2009, @entity2023 @entity1 reported a 60% lower total symptom score (p < 0.01), twice as many asymptomatic days (p < 0.01), and 70% fewer days with severe symptoms (p < 0.001), and they used 50% less antihistamines (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. The differences between the @entity2023 and RH groups were not significant. However, the @entity2023 @entity1 used less antihistamines than did the RH @entity1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who preseasonally used @entity2023 had significantly better control of their symptoms than did those on conventional medication only, and they had marginally better control compared to those on RH. The results should be regarded as preliminary, but they indicate that @entity2023 could serve as a complementary therapy for birch pollen @entity566 .

title: Birch pollen honey for birch pollen XXXX --a randomized controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['birch pollen honey', 'BPH']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To improve the existing animal models ( @entity19 , @entity35 , and hamsters) for radiotherapy-induced @entity3136 (RTOM), thereby establishing a radiotherapy-induced @entity35160 (RTG) Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 model. STUDY DESIGN: A lead device was designed to limit radiation exposure to a 1x1 cm2 area of a @entity35 's dorsal anterior tongue with a single 30 Gy of X-ray radiation. The general conditions of the irradiated @entity35 , such as body-weight and behavior, were observed. The @entity3136 index (OMI) of the RTG @entity35 were measured daily. Histological changes of the irradiated tongue tissues were assayed by H _E staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No significant changes were clinically observed 3 to 4 days after irradiation. At 5 to 6 day, punctuation and confluenced @entity5932 were observed. The small blood vessels became more extensive, engorged, thin vessel walls. More infiltrating cells were observable, @entity39 and exfoliation of the squamous cells appeared, and the formation of an @entity1066 could be observed. Seven to 15 days, the exfoliated epithelial layer was observed to have formed an @entity1066 , then aggravated @entity1066 consisting of @entity8307 exudates could be observed. The structure of the epithelium had become completely disintegrated, forming deep, microscopic @entity1066 . Twenty-one days, the periphery of the @entity1066 was observed to have begun to heal, and granulation tissue could be observed at the bottom of the @entity1066 . At 35 days after irradiation, the epithelial structure presented again, but the epithelium was very thin. An RTG animal model was successfully established in SD @entity35 , which provides a new research platform for the study of RTOM pathogenesis.

title: The development and inflammatory features of radiotherapy-induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration', 'ulcerative lesions', 'ulcerative lesion']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['redness of the mucosa']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous filament']

answer: @entity35160 :: (MESH:D005928,Disease) :: ['glossitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To improve the existing animal models ( @entity19 , @entity35 , and hamsters) for radiotherapy-induced @entity3136 (RTOM), thereby establishing a radiotherapy-induced @entity35160 (RTG) Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 model. STUDY DESIGN: A lead device was designed to limit radiation exposure to a 1x1 cm2 area of a @entity35 's dorsal anterior tongue with a single 30 Gy of X-ray radiation. The general conditions of the irradiated @entity35 , such as body-weight and behavior, were observed. The @entity3136 index (OMI) of the RTG @entity35 were measured daily. Histological changes of the irradiated tongue tissues were assayed by H _E staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No significant changes were clinically observed 3 to 4 days after irradiation. At 5 to 6 day, punctuation and confluenced @entity5932 were observed. The small blood vessels became more extensive, engorged, thin vessel walls. More infiltrating cells were observable, @entity39 and exfoliation of the squamous cells appeared, and the formation of an @entity1066 could be observed. Seven to 15 days, the exfoliated epithelial layer was observed to have formed an @entity1066 , then aggravated @entity1066 consisting of @entity8307 exudates could be observed. The structure of the epithelium had become completely disintegrated, forming deep, microscopic @entity1066 . Twenty-one days, the periphery of the @entity1066 was observed to have begun to heal, and granulation tissue could be observed at the bottom of the @entity1066 . At 35 days after irradiation, the epithelial structure presented again, but the epithelium was very thin. An RTG animal model was successfully established in SD @entity35 , which provides a new research platform for the study of RTOM pathogenesis.

title: The development and inflammatory features of radiotherapy-induced @entity35160 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Total nutrient admixture (TNA) combines @entity1522 , lipids, and @entity413 in a single bottle for continuous parenteral use. This cost-effective and easily administered solution is now available for use in neonates. The present study was performed to assess the metabolism of fat administered as TNA in sick neonates as reflected by serum free @entity844 (FFA) and @entity412 (TG) levels. During a 6-month period, TG and FFA levels were monitored in all @entity1 receiving TNA. Levels were measured within 24 hours of a change in lipid dose and then weekly when maximum intake (about 2 g/kg/day) was achieved. Sixty-nine TG and 58 FFA levels were obtained from 42 neonates who at the time of sampling were receiving 2 g/kg/day or more of parenteral lipid. Ninety-one percent of TG levels were less than or equal to 200 mg/dL. Ninety-six percent of @entity6334 levels were less than or equal to 2000 mumol/L. A weak but statistically significant correlation was noted between TG and FFA levels with a correlation coefficient of 0.54. In conclusion, although the range of FFA and TG levels obtained from sick neonates on TNA therapy is relatively wide, these levels are comparable to those reported in the literature for @entity1 receiving standard intravenous lipid infusions.

title: Free @entity844 and XXXX levels in neonates receiving triple mix hyperalimentation.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: Total nutrient admixture (TNA) combines @entity1522 , lipids, and @entity413 in a single bottle for continuous parenteral use. This cost-effective and easily administered solution is now available for use in neonates. The present study was performed to assess the metabolism of fat administered as TNA in sick neonates as reflected by serum free @entity844 (FFA) and @entity412 (TG) levels. During a 6-month period, TG and FFA levels were monitored in all @entity1 receiving TNA. Levels were measured within 24 hours of a change in lipid dose and then weekly when maximum intake (about 2 g/kg/day) was achieved. Sixty-nine TG and 58 FFA levels were obtained from 42 neonates who at the time of sampling were receiving 2 g/kg/day or more of parenteral lipid. Ninety-one percent of TG levels were less than or equal to 200 mg/dL. Ninety-six percent of @entity6334 levels were less than or equal to 2000 mumol/L. A weak but statistically significant correlation was noted between TG and FFA levels with a correlation coefficient of 0.54. In conclusion, although the range of FFA and TG levels obtained from sick neonates on TNA therapy is relatively wide, these levels are comparable to those reported in the literature for @entity1 receiving standard intravenous lipid infusions.

title: Free XXXX and @entity412 levels in neonates receiving triple mix hyperalimentation.

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity28 is a worldwide problem and has grown in severity in the last few decades making bariatric surgery and, in particular, laparoscopic banding and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass efficacious and cost-effective procedures. The laparoscopic approach has been shown to offer significant healthcare benefits, of particular interests are reports of @entity282 resulting in a shorter hospital stay and an earlier return to normal activity. However, many @entity1 still experience significant @entity158 , including shoulder @entity158 , that require strong analgesia including opiates during their early recovery period. The aims of this study were to establish the safe use of the aerosolization technique in bariatric surgery and to investigate the possible benefits in reducing @entity282 . METHODS: In this study, fifty @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass were recruited and divided into two groups; control (n = 25) and therapeutic (n = 25). The control group received intraperitoneal aerosolization of 10 mL of 0.9% normal saline while the therapeutic group received 10 mL of 0.5% @entity1341 . All the @entity1 had standard preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care. @entity158 scores were carried out by the nursing staff in recovery and 6 h, 12 h and 24 h postoperatively using a standard 0-10 @entity158 scoring scale. In addition, opiate consumption via @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) was recorded. RESULTS: Aerosolized @entity1341 reduced @entity282 in comparison to normal saline (p < 0.05). However, PCA usage showed no statistically significant change from the control group. CONCLUSION: The aims of this study were achieved and we were able to establish the safe use of the aerosolization technique in bariatric surgery and its benefits in reducing @entity282 .

title: Intraperitoneal aerosolization of @entity1341 is a safe and effective method in controlling XXXX in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'tip pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'decreased postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity28 is a worldwide problem and has grown in severity in the last few decades making bariatric surgery and, in particular, laparoscopic banding and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass efficacious and cost-effective procedures. The laparoscopic approach has been shown to offer significant healthcare benefits, of particular interests are reports of @entity282 resulting in a shorter hospital stay and an earlier return to normal activity. However, many @entity1 still experience significant @entity158 , including shoulder @entity158 , that require strong analgesia including opiates during their early recovery period. The aims of this study were to establish the safe use of the aerosolization technique in bariatric surgery and to investigate the possible benefits in reducing @entity282 . METHODS: In this study, fifty @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass were recruited and divided into two groups; control (n = 25) and therapeutic (n = 25). The control group received intraperitoneal aerosolization of 10 mL of 0.9% normal saline while the therapeutic group received 10 mL of 0.5% @entity1341 . All the @entity1 had standard preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care. @entity158 scores were carried out by the nursing staff in recovery and 6 h, 12 h and 24 h postoperatively using a standard 0-10 @entity158 scoring scale. In addition, opiate consumption via @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) was recorded. RESULTS: Aerosolized @entity1341 reduced @entity282 in comparison to normal saline (p < 0.05). However, PCA usage showed no statistically significant change from the control group. CONCLUSION: The aims of this study were achieved and we were able to establish the safe use of the aerosolization technique in bariatric surgery and its benefits in reducing @entity282 .

title: Intraperitoneal aerosolization of XXXX is a safe and effective method in controlling @entity282 in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: The protective effects of Asparagus racemosus (AR) and Tinospora cordifolia (TC) against myelosuppression induced by single doses of @entity786 (CP) have been previously reported. Presented here are the results of a comparative study between AR, TC, glucan and @entity3486 against the myelosuppressive effects of single and multiple doses of @entity786 in @entity19 . @entity786 was administered as a single dose 200 mg/kg subcutaneously to one group of @entity19 , while a second group received 3 doses of 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally. Both groups received AR, TC and @entity1091 orally for 15 days before CP. Glucan was administered intravenously in 3 doses, before @entity786 in the first group and together with @entity786 in the second group. In both groups peripheral and differential WBC counts were done before and after drug treatment and serially after @entity786 injection. All four drugs produced leucocytosis with @entity4795 . When compared to control group, all 4 drugs prevented, to varying degrees, @entity1210 produced by @entity786 . We conclude, therefore, that both indigenous plants, AR and TC, are potent immunostimulants, with effects comparable to @entity1091 and glucan. They need further evaluation in @entity1 receiving cytotoxic drugs.

title: Comparative study of immunomodulating activity of Indian medicinal plants, XXXX and glucan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3486 :: ('MESH:D016651', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity3486 :: (MESH:D016651,Chemical) :: ['lithium carbonate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to gain knowledge of @entity239 ( @entity239 ) @entity1 on long-term sick leave and with particular difficulties in resuming work, and to compare them with @entity1 with @entity925 , back or joint diagnoses, and @entity308 . METHODS: @entity1 were identified by and referred from social insurance offices and were multidisciplinarily examined by three board-certified specialists in psychiatry, orthopedic surgery and rehabilitation medicine. Ninety-two @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity239 only. Three female comparison groups were chosen: @entity308 , back/joint diagnoses, and @entity925 . RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Ceaseless @entity158 was reported by 73% of @entity239 @entity1 , 54% of back/joint diagnoses @entity1 , 43% of @entity925 @entity1 , and 35% of @entity308 @entity1 . The distribution of @entity158 (>50%) in @entity239 @entity1 was to almost all regions of the body, and in @entity308 @entity1 to the lower dorsal neck, upper shoulders and lumbosacral back but not in the anterior body. Reduced sleep was more evident in @entity239 @entity1 . @entity239 @entity1 did not meet more criteria for @entity1314 than @entity1 with the other @entity158 conditions. The most common dimension of "personality traits" of @entity158 conditions was the "obsessive compulsive" but at a level clearly below that indicating a @entity1314 . More @entity239 @entity1 experienced disabilities, the most common being in the mobility and domestic-life areas.

title: Long-term sick-leavers with @entity239 : Comparing their multidisciplinarily assessed characteristics with those of others with chronic pain conditions and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['somatic pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to gain knowledge of @entity239 ( @entity239 ) @entity1 on long-term sick leave and with particular difficulties in resuming work, and to compare them with @entity1 with @entity925 , back or joint diagnoses, and @entity308 . METHODS: @entity1 were identified by and referred from social insurance offices and were multidisciplinarily examined by three board-certified specialists in psychiatry, orthopedic surgery and rehabilitation medicine. Ninety-two @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity239 only. Three female comparison groups were chosen: @entity308 , back/joint diagnoses, and @entity925 . RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Ceaseless @entity158 was reported by 73% of @entity239 @entity1 , 54% of back/joint diagnoses @entity1 , 43% of @entity925 @entity1 , and 35% of @entity308 @entity1 . The distribution of @entity158 (>50%) in @entity239 @entity1 was to almost all regions of the body, and in @entity308 @entity1 to the lower dorsal neck, upper shoulders and lumbosacral back but not in the anterior body. Reduced sleep was more evident in @entity239 @entity1 . @entity239 @entity1 did not meet more criteria for @entity1314 than @entity1 with the other @entity158 conditions. The most common dimension of "personality traits" of @entity158 conditions was the "obsessive compulsive" but at a level clearly below that indicating a @entity1314 . More @entity239 @entity1 experienced disabilities, the most common being in the mobility and domestic-life areas.

title: Long-term sick-leavers with XXXX : Comparing their multidisciplinarily assessed characteristics with those of others with chronic pain conditions and @entity308 .

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: Regional variations in the size and shape of isolated myocytes were studied using the two-kidney, one clip (2K1C) renal model of @entity101 . Weanling male @entity35 (50 to 75 g) were anesthetized by @entity3652 (100 mg/kg) during renal artery clipping (0.2 mm internal diameter @entity575 clip) and were then allowed to grow for 6 to 8 weeks, when the blood pressure had stabilized at 180 mmHg. Hearts were removed, weighed and then were perfused with a @entity460 -free Joklik medium containing collagenase. Isolated myocytes were collected from five regions and fixed in isoosmolar @entity3584 : right ventricular free wall (RVFW), right and left halves of the interventricular septum (RIVS, LIVS), and epicardial and endocardial halves of the left ventricular free wall (LEPI, LENDO). Myocyte volume was measured by Coulter Counter. Myocyte length was measured by sonic digitizer. Cross-sectional area was calculated from myocyte volume and length. Tailcuff systolic pressure and heart weight were significantly increased in 2K1C @entity35 as compared to control. Body weights were not different. Cell volume was significantly increased in RIVS, LIVS, LEPI, and LENDO, but not in RVFW. Cell length was not significantly increased in any region. Thus, the 2K1C model showed a predominant @entity4346 in which the right half of the septum acted in concert with the left ventricle. The shape of the hypertrophied myocytes, having an increase in volume due to an increase in cross-sectional area but not length, was most consistent with a pressure-induced form of @entity1283 .

title: Regional myocyte size in two-kidney, one clip renal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hirsutella sinensis mycelium (HSM), the anamorph of Cordyceps sinensis, is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties. We previously reported that this fungus suppresses @entity1356 and @entity8923 secretion by inhibiting both canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes in @entity1 macrophages. However, whether HSM may be used to prevent @entity82 and the mechanism underlying this activity remain unclear. Our results show that pretreatment with HSM inhibits @entity2533 -induced expression of fibronectin and @entity1970 in lung fibroblasts. HSM also restores @entity224 dismutase expression in @entity2533 -treated lung fibroblasts and inhibits reactive @entity26 species production in lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, HSM pretreatment markedly reduces @entity1732 -induced @entity651 and @entity82 in @entity19 . Accordingly, HSM reduces inflammatory cell accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and proinflammatory cytokines levels in lung tissues. The HSM extract also significantly reduces @entity2533 in lung tissues, and this effect is accompanied by decreased collagen 3a1 and @entity1970 levels. Moreover, HSM reduces expression of the @entity5704 inflammasome and P2X7R in lung tissues, whereas it enhances expression of @entity224 dismutase. These findings suggest that HSM may be used for the treatment of @entity55 and @entity82 .

title: Hirsutella sinensis mycelium attenuates @entity1732 -induced @entity55 and XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hirsutella sinensis mycelium (HSM), the anamorph of Cordyceps sinensis, is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties. We previously reported that this fungus suppresses @entity1356 and @entity8923 secretion by inhibiting both canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes in @entity1 macrophages. However, whether HSM may be used to prevent @entity82 and the mechanism underlying this activity remain unclear. Our results show that pretreatment with HSM inhibits @entity2533 -induced expression of fibronectin and @entity1970 in lung fibroblasts. HSM also restores @entity224 dismutase expression in @entity2533 -treated lung fibroblasts and inhibits reactive @entity26 species production in lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, HSM pretreatment markedly reduces @entity1732 -induced @entity651 and @entity82 in @entity19 . Accordingly, HSM reduces inflammatory cell accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and proinflammatory cytokines levels in lung tissues. The HSM extract also significantly reduces @entity2533 in lung tissues, and this effect is accompanied by decreased collagen 3a1 and @entity1970 levels. Moreover, HSM reduces expression of the @entity5704 inflammasome and P2X7R in lung tissues, whereas it enhances expression of @entity224 dismutase. These findings suggest that HSM may be used for the treatment of @entity55 and @entity82 .

title: Hirsutella sinensis mycelium attenuates @entity1732 -induced XXXX and @entity82 in vivo.

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pulmonary inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hirsutella sinensis mycelium (HSM), the anamorph of Cordyceps sinensis, is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties. We previously reported that this fungus suppresses @entity1356 and @entity8923 secretion by inhibiting both canonical and non-canonical inflammasomes in @entity1 macrophages. However, whether HSM may be used to prevent @entity82 and the mechanism underlying this activity remain unclear. Our results show that pretreatment with HSM inhibits @entity2533 -induced expression of fibronectin and @entity1970 in lung fibroblasts. HSM also restores @entity224 dismutase expression in @entity2533 -treated lung fibroblasts and inhibits reactive @entity26 species production in lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, HSM pretreatment markedly reduces @entity1732 -induced @entity651 and @entity82 in @entity19 . Accordingly, HSM reduces inflammatory cell accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and proinflammatory cytokines levels in lung tissues. The HSM extract also significantly reduces @entity2533 in lung tissues, and this effect is accompanied by decreased collagen 3a1 and @entity1970 levels. Moreover, HSM reduces expression of the @entity5704 inflammasome and P2X7R in lung tissues, whereas it enhances expression of @entity224 dismutase. These findings suggest that HSM may be used for the treatment of @entity55 and @entity82 .

title: Hirsutella sinensis mycelium attenuates XXXX -induced @entity55 and @entity82 in vivo.

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5472 is a seldom encountered disease of the breast. Based on the results of previous studies and our own experience, we investigated the clinical characteristics of @entity0 . METHOD: Four @entity1 who were treated for @entity0 at Samsung Medical Center were included in the study, and additional data were retrieved from the Index Medicus and the Science Citation Index (SCI). The Korean Medical (KM) database and the Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors (KAMJE) database were searched to include information from Korean journals that is not included in international citation indexes. RESULTS: Among 35 @entity1 , 8 (32%) had a record of oral ingestion of an intermediary host. All @entity1 presented with a breast mass, with migration in 6 cases (25%) and @entity158 or an itching sensation in 6 cases (25%). Elongated tubular structures were found in the subcutaneous layer in 22 cases (88%) during radiologic exam. All @entity1 underwent complete surgical excision. Twenty-seven of 29 (93.1%) @entity1 ' spargana was separated and confirmed grossly. Histologically, @entity32 was the most common feature. A single worm was extracted in 16 cases (76.2%) and 5 cases (23.8%) had multiple worms. CONCLUSION: @entity5472 tends to present as a suspicious mass in the subcutaneous layer of the breast. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice, with careful postoperative surveillance.

title: Cases and literature review of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast sparganosis']

entities_list: @entity5472 :: ('MESH:D013031', 'Disease') :: ['Sparganosis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast sparganosis']


abstract: 1. Pressor responses to @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) were determined in the @entity35 isolated superior mesenteric arterial bed perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution and compared with those to @entity1063 . 2. In control preparations the maximum pressor response to the peptide was 34 +/- 3 mmHg and the ED50 was 21 +/- 4 mu (n = 11). The maximal pressor response to @entity1063 (30 micrograms) was 100 +/- 6 mmHg (n = 8). After removal of the functional endothelium with the detergent CHAPS, the maximum pressor response to AVP increased to 64 +/- 4 mmHg and the ED50 decreased to 7.7 +/- 2.0 mu (n = 11) but the response to 10 micrograms @entity1063 was unaffected. 3. @entity2604 (2.5 microM) significantly increased the maximum pressor response to AVP from 41 +/- 2 mmHg to 86 +/- 8 mmHg (n = 9); the ED50 was unchanged. @entity6693 (50 microM) also increased the maximum response from 41 +/- 3 mmHg to 87 +/- 13 mmHg (n = 8) without affecting the ED50. Neither treatment significantly affected the response to 10 micrograms @entity1063 . 4. Neither @entity3352 (10 microM) nor BW755C (10 microM) had significant effects upon either the maximal response or ED50 for AVP nor did they affect the response to 10 micrograms @entity1063 . 5. In 6 preparations SKF-525A significantly increased both the ED50, from 9.8 +/- 2.1 to 22 +/- 2 mu, and the maximum response, from 36 +/- 2 to 70 +/- 3 mmHg. 6. It is concluded that the pressor response to AVP in this vascular bed is modulated, in the presence of functional endothelium, by the simultaneous release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor.

title: Endothelium-dependent modulation of the pressor activity of XXXX in the isolated superior mesenteric arterial bed of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity2604 :: ('MESH:D009637', 'Chemical') :: ['Nordihydroguaiaretic acid']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity5463 :: (MESH:D001127,Chemical) :: ['arginine vasopressin']


abstract: 1. Pressor responses to @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) were determined in the @entity35 isolated superior mesenteric arterial bed perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution and compared with those to @entity1063 . 2. In control preparations the maximum pressor response to the peptide was 34 +/- 3 mmHg and the ED50 was 21 +/- 4 mu (n = 11). The maximal pressor response to @entity1063 (30 micrograms) was 100 +/- 6 mmHg (n = 8). After removal of the functional endothelium with the detergent CHAPS, the maximum pressor response to AVP increased to 64 +/- 4 mmHg and the ED50 decreased to 7.7 +/- 2.0 mu (n = 11) but the response to 10 micrograms @entity1063 was unaffected. 3. @entity2604 (2.5 microM) significantly increased the maximum pressor response to AVP from 41 +/- 2 mmHg to 86 +/- 8 mmHg (n = 9); the ED50 was unchanged. @entity6693 (50 microM) also increased the maximum response from 41 +/- 3 mmHg to 87 +/- 13 mmHg (n = 8) without affecting the ED50. Neither treatment significantly affected the response to 10 micrograms @entity1063 . 4. Neither @entity3352 (10 microM) nor BW755C (10 microM) had significant effects upon either the maximal response or ED50 for AVP nor did they affect the response to 10 micrograms @entity1063 . 5. In 6 preparations SKF-525A significantly increased both the ED50, from 9.8 +/- 2.1 to 22 +/- 2 mu, and the maximum response, from 36 +/- 2 to 70 +/- 3 mmHg. 6. It is concluded that the pressor response to AVP in this vascular bed is modulated, in the presence of functional endothelium, by the simultaneous release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor.

title: Endothelium-dependent modulation of the pressor activity of @entity5463 in the isolated superior mesenteric arterial bed of the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Lower urinary tract symptoms are a common complaint. Surgery to debulk @entity5072 prostate tissue is indicated for @entity1 with symptoms refractory to medical therapy, or for those who cannot tolerate first-line medications. In recent decades, new endoscopic techniques have been developed to reduce the morbidity of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Nonetheless, complications are still frequently encountered in the immediate, early, and remote postoperative setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this review, we perform an in-depth examination of contemporary treatment strategies for long term complications of surgical outlet reduction procedures. Complications encountered in the remote postoperative setting such as @entity323 ( @entity323 ), @entity3832 , refractory @entity322 , and @entity1494 contracture were identified in the literature. RESULTS: Treatment strategies for @entity323 after TURP do not differ from algorithms applied for @entity323 due to other causes. Management of @entity3832 following TURP depends on the size and location of narrowing and can range from simple dilation to complex excision with grafting techniques or perineal urethrostomy. Refractory @entity322 requires a full diagnostic evaluation, and artificial urinary sphincter placement is efficacious for cases that do not respond to first-line medical therapy. Finally, numerous therapies for @entity1494 contracture exist and vary in their invasiveness. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic reduction of the prostate for the male with @entity1069 via most contemporary modalities is a safe and effective means to decrease outlet resistance to urinary flow. However, late complications from these procedures still exist. Management of remote morbidity following TURP can be diagnostically and therapeutically complex, necessitating prompt referral to a genitourinary reconstruction specialist.

title: Management of complications after surgical outlet reduction for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture']

answer: @entity1069 :: (MESH:D053448,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) shows high potential for @entity1 with @entity5 . Dental implants can cause substantial artifacts in the oral cavity impairing diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, we evaluated new MRI sequences with multi-acquisition variable-resonance image combination (MAVRIC SL) in comparison to conventional high-bandwidth techniques and in a second step showed the effect of artifact size on MRI-based attenuation correction (AC) with a simulation study. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with dental implants prospectively underwent a trimodality PET/CT/MRI examination after informed consent was obtained under the approval of the local ethics committee. A conventional 3D gradient-echo sequence (LAVA-Flex) commonly used for MRI-based AC of PET (acquisition time of 14  s), a T1w fast spin-echo sequence with high bandwidth (acquisition time of 3.2  min), as well as MAVRIC SL sequence without and with increased phase acceleration (MAVRIC, acquisition time of 6  min; MAVRIC-fast, acquisition time of 3.5  min) were applied. The absolute and relative reduction of the signal void artifact was calculated for each implant and tested for statistical significance using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The effect of artifact size on PET AC was simulated in one case with a large @entity5 in the oral cavity. The relative difference of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in the @entity5 was calculated for increasing artifact sizes centered over the second molar. RESULTS: The absolute reduction of signal void from LAVA-Flex sequences to the T1-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) sequences was 416  mm(2) (range 4 to 2,010  mm(2)) to MAVRIC 481  mm(2) (range 12 to 2,288  mm(2)) and to MAVRIC-fast 486  mm(2) (range 39 to 2,209  mm(2)). The relative reduction in signal void was significantly improved for both MAVRIC and MAVRIC-fast compared to T1 FSE (-75%/-78% vs. -62%, p   <   0.001 for both). The relative error for SUVmax was negligible for artifacts of 0.5-cm diameter (-0.1%), but substantial for artifacts of 5.2-cm diameter (-33%). CONCLUSIONS: MAVRIC-fast could become useful for artifact reduction in PET/MR for @entity1 with dental implants. This might improve diagnostic accuracy especially for @entity1 with @entity5 in the oropharynx and substantially improve accuracy of PET quantification.

title: Metal artifact reduction in XXXX with dental implants using multispectral three-dimensional data acquisition for hybrid PET/MRI.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oropharyngeal cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Importance: The risk of @entity4297 in @entity1 of @entity1 who had @entity1468 during pregnancy is poorly understood, despite shared angiogenic pathways in both conditions. Objective: To determine the prevalence of @entity4297 in offspring of @entity1 with @entity1468 . Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Population-level analysis of live births before discharge, 1989-2012, was conducted for the entire province of Quebec, comprising a quarter of Canada's population. All @entity1 who delivered an @entity1 with or without @entity299 in any Quebec hospital were included (N   =   1   942   072 neonates). Exposures: @entity1468 or @entity3036 with onset before or after 34 weeks of gestation. Main Outcomes and Measures: Presence of any critical or noncritical @entity4297 detected in @entity1 at birth, comparing prevalence in those exposed and not exposed to @entity1468 . Results: The absolute prevalence of @entity4297 was higher for @entity1 of @entity1 with @entity1468 (16.7 per 1000 [1219/72   782]) than without it (8.6 per 1000 [16   077/1   869   290]; prevalence ratio [PR], 1.57; 95% CI, 1.48 to 1.67). @entity1 of preeclamptic @entity1 had no increased prevalence of critical @entity299 (123.7 vs 75.6 per 100   000 [90/72   782 vs 1414/1   869   290]; PR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.57; prevalence difference [PD], 23.6 per 100   000; 95% CI, -1.0 to 48.2) but did have an increased prevalence of noncritical @entity299 (1538.8 vs 789.2 per 100   000 [1120/72   782 vs 14   752/1   869   290]; PR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.47 to 1.67; PD, 521.1 per 100   000; 95% CI, 431.1 to 611.0) compared with @entity1 of nonpreeclamptic @entity1 . Among specific defects, prevalence was greatest for @entity1757 . When stratified by variant of @entity1468 , @entity1 of @entity1 with early onset (<34 weeks) @entity1468 had greater prevalence of critical @entity299 (364.4 per 100   000 [20/5488]; PR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.71-4.50; PD, 249.6 per 100   000; 95% CI, 89.7-409.6) and noncritical @entity299 (7306.9 per 100   000 [401/5488]; PR, 5.55; 95% CI, 4.98-6.19; PD, 6089.2 per 100   000; 95% CI, 5350.0-6828.3), whereas @entity1 of @entity1 with late onset (>= 34 weeks) did not. Conclusions and Relevance: In this population-based study, @entity1468 was significantly associated with noncritical @entity299 in offspring, and @entity1468 before 34 weeks was associated with critical @entity299 . However, the absolute risk of @entity4297 was low.

title: Association Between XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'Participants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defects']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'Preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects', 'congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['Preeclampsia and Congenital Heart Defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess whether there is a proficiency curve-like relationship between surgeon volume and operative mortality and determine the minimum surgeon volume for optimum operative mortality. BACKGROUND: The inverse relationship between hospital volume and operative mortality is well-established for esophageal, gastric, and @entity788 . The recommended minimum surgeon volumes are however uncertain. METHODS: We retrieved data on esophagectomies, gastrectomies, and pancreatectomies for @entity5 from the NHS Hospital Episodes Statistics database from April 2000 to March 2010. We defined mortality as in-hospital death within 30 days of surgery. We determined whether there was a proficiency curve relationship by inspecting surgeon volume-mortality graphs after adjusting for @entity1 age, sex, socioeconomic, and comorbidity indices. We then statistically determined the minimum surgeon volume that produced a mortality rate insignificantly different from the optimum of the curve. RESULTS: Sixteen thousand five hundred seventy-two esophagectomies, 12,622 gastrectomies, and 9116 pancreatectomies were examined. Surgeon volume ranged from 2 to 29 esophagectomies, from 1 to 14 gastrectomies, and from 2 to 31 pancreatectomies per surgeon per year. We demonstrated a proficiency relationship between surgeon volume and mortality in esophageal, gastric, and @entity788 surgery. Each additional case of esophagectomy, gastrectomy, and pancreatectomy would reduce 30-day mortality odds by 3.4%, 7.2%, and 4.1%, respectively. However, as surgeon volume increased, mortality rate continued to improve. Therefore, we were unable to recommend minimum surgeon volume. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality after resections for esophageal, gastric, and @entity788 falls as surgeon volume rises up to 30 cases. Within this range, we did not demonstrate any statistical threshold that could be recommended as a minimum volume target.

title: Surgeon Volume and XXXX Esophagectomy, Gastrectomy, and Pancreatectomy: A Population-based Study in England.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether liver @entity3 contribute to metastatic spread of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) by shedding intact @entity5 cells. BACKGROUND: Metastases represent the primary cause of death in @entity14 . Understanding the metastatic activity of @entity3 and which @entity1 are at high risk for @entity5 cell dissemination may, therefore, have significant influence on @entity5 care in the future. METHODS: Circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) were detected in the hepatic inflow (portal venous blood [PVB]) and outflow compartment (hepatic venous blood [HVB]) of a training (n=55) and validation (n=50) set using the CellSearch system. Isolated CTC from the HVB were subjected to gene expression analyses by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: CTC detection rate (37.2% vs 19.6%; P=0.04) and count (mean: 12.7, SEM:  5.9 vs 1.9;  1.2; P=0.01) were significantly higher in HVB compared to PVB. The increased CTC detection rate (54% vs 11.4%; P<0.001) and CTC count (14.7  5.1 vs 1.1  0.6; P<0.001) in the HVB compared to the PVB compartment was confirmed in the validation cohort. Expression of epithelial markers and genes involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion was reduced in CTC compared to @entity5 cells in liver @entity3 . @entity3 size greater than 5cm was associated with CTC shedding from established liver @entity3 in the training and validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Colorectal liver @entity3 shed intact @entity5 cells with an invasive phenotype. @entity3 size serves as a surrogate marker for metastatic activity of colorectal liver @entity3 .

title: Metastatic Spread Emerging From Liver Metastases of XXXX : Does the Seed Leave the Soil Again?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: Forty @entity5513 have been removed surgically between 1976 and 1986. The condition was unilateral in 32 and bilateral in four. There were 31 large, four medium and five small @entity5 . Excision was complete in 16 and incomplete in 24. Of the incomplete removals 14 were subtotal leaving microscopic remnants, eight were partial capsular and two were intracapsular. Follow-up ranged from two months to ten years (median 3.5 years).There was one early death in an 83-year-old. The overall incidence of post-operative complete facial @entity912 was 20% but reached 55% for large @entity5 when excision was complete. Twenty-eight @entity1 had hearing before operation and in eleven @entity1 some preservation of hearing was possible (39%). In these, the excision was complete in three, subtotal in four, partial capsular in three and intracapsular in one.Of the @entity5 , there have been three recurrences requiring repeat surgery. All were initially incompletely excised. Two were of an invasive nature causing considerable erosion of the petrous temporal bone making complete excision impossible. For the @entity5 a deliberate incomplete excision was first performed on one side to ensure preservation of hearing. Further excision on this side was then left until such time as hearing was lost. Complications included CSF otorhinorrhoea (5%), persistent but @entity1209 (10%), @entity693 (5%), @entity1183 (5%) and hoarseness and @entity1282 (3%).

title: XXXX surgery in Northern Ireland 1976-1986.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial numbness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral tumours', 'tumours', 'bilateral tumours']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['temporary nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['Acoustic neuroma']


abstract: Two approaches were used to identify and characterize the presence of @entity3479 ) in @entity10706 and platelets. We investigated the fibrinolytic activity of @entity1 @entity10706 ( @entity10706 ) and platelets. The presence of @entity3479 antigen in @entity10706 and platelets was demonstrated using immunocytochemical techniques and polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity3479 . When cells were applied to fibrin plates, lysis zones developed around isolated @entity1 @entity10706 , whereas no fibrinolytic activity appeared when either intact washed platelets or platelet lysate were deposited. After SDS-PAGE of platelet and @entity10706 extracts (Triton X-100) immunoblotting and peroxidase staining identified @entity3479 antigen in several bands. Zymographic analysis of SDS-PAGE carried out on fibrin film overlays identified one or two zones corresponding to free or complexed @entity3479 . These results indicate that @entity3479 is present in platelets as well as in the precursor cells, however, in platelets, @entity3479 may not be immediately available for plasminogen activation and fibrin degradation. From our findings and from previous work of others, it appears that platelets may either activate or inhibit the fibrinolytic system. Therefore the conditions of plasminogen activation by platelet @entity3479 and @entity1351 inhibition by platelet alpha 2-antiplasmin or other inhibitors have to be precised before the role of platelets in clot dissolution is understood. The physiological role of platelets in fibrinolysis and clot dissolution remains unclear. In 1953, the antifibrinolytic activity of blood platelets was demonstrated and in the early 1960's a fibrinolytic activity, increasing with platelet concentration in the experimental system, was shown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tissue plasminogen activator in @entity1 XXXX and platelets: immunocytochemical localization, immunoblotting and zymographic analysis.

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity10706 :: ('MESH:D007947', 'Disease') :: ['megakaryocytes', 'MK']

answer: @entity10706 :: (MESH:D007947,Disease) :: ['megakaryocytes']