abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), @entity295 and their subsequent complication, the @entity881 ( @entity881 ), remain major complications following polytrauma. This prospective clinical study aimed at evaluating the association between these and plasma @entity8923 ( @entity8923 ) and @entity6421 levels. METHODS: Inclusion in the series required an Injury Severity Score (ISS) >16, age 16-65 years, admission within 6 h of the accident and survival >48 h; 55 @entity1 were enrolled. Over 14 days, plasma @entity6421 and @entity8923 levels and the clinical course regarding @entity881 , @entity1850 and @entity295 were recorded daily using the Marshall Score for @entity881 and the ACCP/SCCM criteria for @entity1850 and @entity295 . RESULTS: @entity6421 and @entity8923 plasma levels were increased in + @entity881 cases as compared with - @entity881 cases over almost the entire observation period. @entity8923 concentrations over days 3-6 were significantly increased among @entity1 with @entity295 . These increases were all apparent 2-3 days before the clinical diagnosis of @entity295 or @entity881 was made. In contrast, no significant differences in @entity6421 and @entity8923 plasma levels were observed between @entity1 with and without @entity1850 . CONCLUSIONS: Determinations of @entity6421 and @entity8923 concentrations might represent early markers for posttraumatic complications such as @entity881 and @entity295 . They might help to differentiate between @entity1850 and @entity295 and thereby guide the timing of the surgery for polytrauma. @entity6421 and @entity8923 levels should be used together with the clinical status and other inflammatory markers ( @entity650 , @entity687 , etc.) for prediction of posttraumatic complications.

title: Elevated systemic @entity8923 and @entity6421 levels are associated with posttraumatic complications among XXXX with multiple injuries: a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: This paper analyzes the available data on the dosimetric approach and describes the use of dosimetry in the Division of Nuclear Medicine of the National @entity5 Institute in Milan. Dosimetry is rarely performed when planning radio- @entity1496 activity, although most of the available guidelines do mention this possibility, without giving any well defined indication. Aim of the present research was to validate the usefulness of dosimetry in the management of metastatic @entity259 . Benua (1962) set the limit of blood absorbed dose at 2 Gy to avoid hematological @entity137 . Maxon (1983) determined at 80 Gy the dose to achieve complete destruction of a metastatic lesion. Dorn (2003) combined red marrow and lesion dosimetry showing that high activity administrations with less that 3 Gy to the red marrow are a safe and more effective with respect to fixed activities administrations. Lee (2008) reported 50% responses with high activity administrations based on blood dosimetry, in 47 @entity1 which were unsuccessfully previously treated with fixed activities. Sgouros (2005) and Song (2006) introduced key parameters as Biological Effective Dose and Uniform Equivalent Dose in order to describe the effects of continuous low dose rate irradiation and non uniform activity uptake, typical of nuclear medicine treatments. METHODS: Red marrow and lesion dosimetry (planar view) were performed during the treatment, without changing the fixed @entity3457 . RESULTS: This experience demonstrate first of all, that dosimetry is feasible in the clinical routine, and that it can provide the clinician with important information, no matter its often quoted limited numerical accuracy. A total of 17/20 lesion doses below 80 Gy have been detected. Three/17 (doses between 40 and 80 Gy) disappeared in the follow-up scintigram. Two/17 were undetectable at computed tomography or nuclear magnetic resonance. These data suggest that repetition of treatment on a lesion drastically reduces its uptake, with a loss of therapeutic efficacy along the sequence of fixed activity administrations. CONCLUSIONS: The usefulness of dosimetry should not be assessed only on the basis of @entity1 survival or therapeutic efficacy; the possibility to avoid useless treatments should also be considered. According to the authors, individualized dosimetry could improve the management of metastatic @entity259 . Even post-therapeutic dosimetry, as performed at this institution, has a significant impact on clinical decision-making. The question for the future is how to include dosimetry into the @entity1 management framework.

title: Individualized dosimetry in the management of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'differentiated thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['activity schema']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['differentiated thyroid cancer']


abstract: Allergen isoforms can differ in their IgE and T cell recognition patterns, and thus might have an impact on the selection of candidates for molecule-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The present study aimed at the identification and characterization of isoforms of Art v 1, the mugwort @entity2023 major allergen. In addition, single Art v 1 domains were physicochemically and immunologically characterized. For this purpose, the Art v 1 cDNA was radiolabeled and used to screen a mugwort @entity2023 cDNA library. Positive clones were sequenced and used for the production of recombinant proteins in @entity526 using the pHIS-Parallel2 vector. Protein purification was performed by affinity- and ion exchange chromatography. Antibody binding to the recombinant proteins was determined by immunoblot, ELISA, cross-inhibition experiments, and mediator release assays. We could identify 7 Art v 1 isoforms differing in 1-6 @entity535 residues. Interestingly, all @entity535 variations were restricted to the @entity1521 domain carrying the molecule's post-translational modifications. No significant difference in IgG or IgE reactivity could be observed between Art v 1 isoforms and the defensin domain produced in @entity526 . When expressed in @entity526 , the @entity1521 domain was not recognized by Art v 1-specific antibodies. Our results demonstrated that the relevant IgE epitopes of Art v 1 are located on the defensin domain and suggest the involvement of @entity3363 in the allergenicity of natural Art v 1. Plant-based expression systems could help to reveal possibly different glycosylation patterns and IgE binding properties of Art v 1 isoforms. These findings have direct implications on the development of novel tools for mugwort @entity2023 allergy diagnosis and therapy.

title: Immune recognition of novel isoforms and domains of the mugwort XXXX major allergen Art v 1.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['pollen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A wide range of low-molecular-weight agents can cause @entity7446 . The chemical industry is an environment in which numerous hazardous substances are used. @entity71499 ( @entity71499 ) is one of them (along with its precursors). METHODS: Five @entity1 from a @entity71499 production line with suspected @entity7446 and @entity2490 were examined. During the first visit, skin prick tests, total @entity9416 ( @entity9416 ), a nonspecific bronchoprovocation test, and specific bronchoprovocation tests using occupational agents were performed to confirm the diagnosis of @entity56 . During the follow-up visit (1-3 years after removal from exposure), all of the tests (except the specific bronchoprovocation test) were performed again. RESULTS: At the first hospitalization, the total @entity9416 levels were increased in three @entity1 . In addition, skin prick tests and the nonspecific bronchoprovocation test were positive for three @entity1 . After the specific bronchoprovocation test, serious bronchoconstriction occurred in three @entity1 ; symptoms of @entity2490 were present in all five @entity1 . Several years after removal from exposure to the occupational agents, normalization (with respect to the parameters followed) was not yet complete for all of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The process of @entity71499 production seems to be hazardous and is likely to cause @entity1576 . The prognosis of @entity56 caused by these products is not very favorable. @entity56 (despite the removal from occupational allergen exposure) persisted even after several years.

title: Occupational asthma and @entity2490 in workers from a XXXX production line.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity71499 :: ('MESH:C519313', 'Chemical') :: ['lasamide', 'Lasamide', '2,4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'Allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['allergic respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity9416 :: ('3497', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin E', 'IgE']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

answer: @entity71499 :: (MESH:C519313,Chemical) :: ['lasamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A wide range of low-molecular-weight agents can cause @entity7446 . The chemical industry is an environment in which numerous hazardous substances are used. @entity71499 ( @entity71499 ) is one of them (along with its precursors). METHODS: Five @entity1 from a @entity71499 production line with suspected @entity7446 and @entity2490 were examined. During the first visit, skin prick tests, total @entity9416 ( @entity9416 ), a nonspecific bronchoprovocation test, and specific bronchoprovocation tests using occupational agents were performed to confirm the diagnosis of @entity56 . During the follow-up visit (1-3 years after removal from exposure), all of the tests (except the specific bronchoprovocation test) were performed again. RESULTS: At the first hospitalization, the total @entity9416 levels were increased in three @entity1 . In addition, skin prick tests and the nonspecific bronchoprovocation test were positive for three @entity1 . After the specific bronchoprovocation test, serious bronchoconstriction occurred in three @entity1 ; symptoms of @entity2490 were present in all five @entity1 . Several years after removal from exposure to the occupational agents, normalization (with respect to the parameters followed) was not yet complete for all of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The process of @entity71499 production seems to be hazardous and is likely to cause @entity1576 . The prognosis of @entity56 caused by these products is not very favorable. @entity56 (despite the removal from occupational allergen exposure) persisted even after several years.

title: Occupational asthma and XXXX in workers from a @entity71499 production line.

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to document physical injuries and ascertain associated variables in female complainants of @entity458 . STUDY DESIGN: 164 cases of @entity458 between 2002 and 2006 in Belfast were included. 162 @entity1 consented to body examination and 153 to genital examination. Data for the study were obtained from the contemporaneous notes of a forensic doctor who examined the victims. RESULTS: Of 164 females, 44% were less than 20 years of age, mean age was 24.2, range 13-74 years; two-thirds reported @entity167 consumption prior to assault. @entity130 was observed in 61%, @entity130 in 39%, both in 20% and 18% had no injury. Body injury was associated with time to examination (OR=4.0, p<0.01), @entity167 intake prior to assault (OR=3.33, p<0.001), assault occurring outdoors (OR=3.45, p<0.01), previous sexual intercourse (OR=3.19, p<0.01) and @entity130 (OR=2.24, p<0.05). @entity130 was related to acquaintance assault (OR=2.33, p<0.05), time to examination (OR=3.70, p<0.05), reported virgin status (OR=3.03, p<0.01) and absence of hormonal contraception (OR=2.04, p<0.10). CONCLUSION: Almost half the victims of @entity458 were less than 20 years old and injury was detected in over 80%. Time to examination and prior sexual experience were @entity130 . Assault occurring outdoors and @entity167 intake were associated with @entity130 . @entity130 was more frequent in acquaintance assault and victims not using hormonal contraception. Young females drinking @entity167 are at a very high risk for @entity458 .

title: Injury in adult female XXXX and related factors.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual assault']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Genital injury', 'body injury', 'genital injury', 'Non-genital (body) injury', 'related to genital and body injury']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual assault complainants']


abstract: 1. The progressive effects of a single injection (3mg/kg i.v.) of either @entity5713 or @entity1891 on the innervation of the @entity35 atria have been examined. 2. Functional studies were performed by stimulating electrically the noradrenergic or cholinergic nerve fibres within isolated left atria from treated and control @entity35 . In addition, the effects of the drugs on the ultrastructure of both types of nerve fibre were examined. The noradrenergic innervation was further examined by fluorescence histochemistry and measurement of the @entity1063 content of the atria. 3. On the basis of these studies it appeared that both drugs caused @entity528 ; cholinergic nerves seemed to be unaffected. Marked effects were seen 48 h after @entity5713 treatment or 30 h after @entity1891 treatment. 4. Evidence is presented and discussed as to whether or not this action of the vinca alkaloids can be ascribed to their well-established effects on microtubules and intra-axonal transport processes.

title: Selective noradrenergic denervation of the heart following intravenous injections of XXXX or @entity1891 .

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of noradrenergic nerves']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5713 :: (MESH:D014747,Chemical) :: ['vinblastine']


abstract: 1. The progressive effects of a single injection (3mg/kg i.v.) of either @entity5713 or @entity1891 on the innervation of the @entity35 atria have been examined. 2. Functional studies were performed by stimulating electrically the noradrenergic or cholinergic nerve fibres within isolated left atria from treated and control @entity35 . In addition, the effects of the drugs on the ultrastructure of both types of nerve fibre were examined. The noradrenergic innervation was further examined by fluorescence histochemistry and measurement of the @entity1063 content of the atria. 3. On the basis of these studies it appeared that both drugs caused @entity528 ; cholinergic nerves seemed to be unaffected. Marked effects were seen 48 h after @entity5713 treatment or 30 h after @entity1891 treatment. 4. Evidence is presented and discussed as to whether or not this action of the vinca alkaloids can be ascribed to their well-established effects on microtubules and intra-axonal transport processes.

title: Selective noradrenergic denervation of the heart following intravenous injections of @entity5713 or XXXX .

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: Occlusion of @entity2500 (MCAo) is commonly used to generate @entity64 in experimental animals. Different behavioral assays have been used to evaluate the severity of lesions or recovery after treatment in this model. In this study, we examined the correlation between the size of @entity1188 after transient MCAo in adult @entity35 . The right @entity2500 was occluded for 30-90-min by ligation with a 10-O suture. At 2 days after MCAo, animals were individually placed in a 3-D infrared activity chamber for 1h to measure their horizontal, vertical, stereotypic and rotational activity. Body asymmetry was examined using an elevated body swing test. Volume of @entity1188 was measured by @entity5045 staining. We found that there is a significant correlation between the volume of @entity1188 , such as vertical activity, vertical movement number and vertical movement time. There is also a significant correlation between the @entity1188 volume and body asymmetry. In conclusion, our data suggest that vertical locomotor activity and body asymmetry are useful behavioral indices to estimate the size of lesioning in rodents after MCAo.

title: Correlation of locomotor activity and brain infarction in XXXX with transient focal ischemia.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction and vertical movement', 'infarction', 'infarction and locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Hypoglossal motoneurons (HMNs) innervate all tongue muscles and are vital for maintenance of upper airway patency during inspiration. The relative contributions of the various synaptic inputs to the spontaneous discharge of HMNs in vivo are incompletely understood, especially at the cellular level. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of endogenously activated @entity1246 (A) and @entity8959 receptors in the control of the inspiratory HMN (IHMN) activity in a decerebrate @entity235 model. Multibarrel micropipettes were used to record extracellular unit activity of individual IHMNs during local antagonism of @entity1246 (A) receptors with @entity1027 and @entity5094 or @entity8959 receptors with @entity1026 . Only @entity1027 had a significant effect on peak and average discharge frequency and on the slope of the augmenting neuronal discharge pattern. These parameters were increased by 30 +/- 7% (P < 0.001), 30 +/- 8% (P < 0.001), and 25 +/- 7% (P < 0.001), respectively. The effects of @entity5094 and @entity1026 on the spontaneous neuronal discharge and its pattern were negligible. Our data suggest that @entity1027 -sensitive GABAergic, but not @entity5094 -sensitive GABAergic or glycinergic, inhibitory mechanisms actively attenuate the activity of IHMNs in vagotomized decerebrate @entity235 during hyperoxic @entity2944 . The pattern of GABAergic attenuation of IHMN discharge is characteristic of gain modulation similar to that in @entity528 , but the degree of attenuation ( approximately 25%) is less than that seen in bulbospinal premotor neurons ( approximately 60%). The current studies only assess effects on active neuron discharge and do not resolve whether the lack of effect of @entity5094 and @entity1026 on IHMNs also extends to the inactive expiratory phase.

title: Role of inhibitory neurotransmission in the control of XXXX hypoglossal motoneuron activity in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1026 :: ('MESH:D013331', 'Chemical') :: ['strychnine']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory bulbospinal premotor neurons']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: It has been well established that the amygdala is critical for processing various aspects of emotion, and in particular, for the perception of negative emotions such as fear. Perhaps the strongest evidence for this conclusion in @entity1 comes from an extensive series of investigations in @entity1 SM, an extremely rare neurological @entity1 who has complete, focal bilateral @entity16 . One question that has remained unanswered, however, is whether SM has a normal phenomenological experience of emotion, especially negative emotion. To explore this issue, we designed a study in which two experienced clinical psychologists conducted "blind" interviews of SM (the psychologists were not provided any background information regarding SM), with a special emphasis regarding the nature of her emotional experience. Both of them reached the conclusion that SM expressed a normal range of affect and emotion, and neither felt that SM warranted a DSM-IV diagnosis. However, they both noted that SM was remarkably dispassionate when relating highly emotional and traumatic life experiences, and they noted that she did not seem to have a normal sense of distrust and "danger". To the psychologists, SM came across as a "survivor", as being "resilient" and even "heroic" in the way that she had dealt with adversity in her life. In the full light of SM's neurological and neuropsychological profile, however, these observations reflect the fact that SM is missing from the experiences in her life some of the @entity549 , in a manner that parallels her defect in perceiving such emotions in external stimuli. These findings have interesting parallels with recent animal work (cf. Bauman, Lavenex, Mason, Capitanio, _ Amaral, 2004a), and they provide valuable insights into the emotional life of an individual with complete bilateral @entity16 .

title: Altered experience of emotion following bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['deepest negative emotions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['amygdala damage']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['amygdala damage']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiological, ultrasonographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of idiopathic @entity10516 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between April 2002 and June 2005, the mammography, ultrasound, color Doppler ultrasound, nonenhanced MR, and dynamic MR findings of nine @entity1 with the preliminary clinical diagnosis of @entity5 and the final diagnosis of @entity10516 were evaluated. RESULTS: On mammography, asymmetrical focal densities with no distinct margins, ill-defined masses with spiculated contours, and bilateral multiple ill-defined nodules were seen. On ultrasound, in four @entity1 a discrete, heterogenous hypoechoic mass, in two @entity1 multiple abscesses, in one @entity1 bilateral multiple central hypo peripheral @entity75 , in two @entity1 heterogeneous hypo- and hyperechoic areas together with parenchymal distortion, and in one @entity1 irregular hypoechoic masses with tubular extensions and @entity733 were seen. Five of the lesions were vascular on color Doppler ultrasound. On MR mammography, the most frequent finding was focal or diffuse asymmetrical signal intensity changes that were hypointense on T1W images and hyperintense on T2W images, without significant mass effect. Nodular lesions were also seen. On dynamic contrast-enhanced mammography, mass-like enhancement, ring-like enhancement, and nodular enhancement were seen. The time-intensity curves differed from @entity1 to @entity1 and from lesion to lesion. CONCLUSION: The imaging findings of idiopathic @entity10516 have a wide spectrum, and they are inconclusive for differentiating @entity5 .

title: XXXX : radiological findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10516 :: ('MESH:D058890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous mastitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperechoic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant and benign lesions', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess cavities']

answer: @entity10516 :: (MESH:D058890,Disease) :: ['Granulomatous mastitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary cutaneous @entity1892 form a heterogeneous group of lymphoid proliferations found on the skin. We report a case of primary leg-type cutaneous large @entity1892 occurring on the site a previous leg burn. A few rare cases of @entity706 forming on burn scars have been described, but these concern primary @entity706 of the T-cell phenotype. CASE REPORT: An 85-year-old @entity1 with a history of a burn to the left leg 17 years ago, previously treated with several skin grafts, presented numerous ulcerative budding lesions on the scar area. Histological examination of the skin biopsy revealed the existence in the skin ulcers of atypical large lymphoid cells having an immunoblastic or centroblastic morphology and shown by immunohistochemistry to be of the B-cell phenotype, thereby evoking a diagnosis of large @entity1892 . The @entity706 cells were positive for @entity14546 / @entity20630 and @entity588 , and more weakly for @entity4042 , but negative for @entity2282 . The staging examination revealed only cortical lysis of the left tibia. Temporary initial regression was achieved by polychemotherapy comprising @entity786 , @entity1891 and @entity229 in combination with rituximab. DISCUSSION: This case is novel in that it involves primary large @entity1892 , leg type, occurring on @entity3145 . @entity4096 and lymphatic stasis have already been incriminated in the genesis of this type of @entity706 ; the prior @entity1200 at the burn site may have also contributed to the development of this @entity5 .

title: [Cutaneous large B-cell leg-type XXXX occurring on a leg burn].

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'cutaneous lymphomas', 'cutaneous lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['burn scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['injury and resulting immune dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['Venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: @entity6 causes profound alterations in many body tissues. Microvascular @entity6 complications include @entity3949 , @entity8 and @entity989 . @entity8 first becomes manifest with hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria. These functional changes evolve over several years to a stage of marked @entity177 . The possible preventive measures are metabolic control, reduction of dietary protein intake and use of ACE-inhibitors. Metabolic control is also important for the prevention of @entity6 . In fact, @entity1 with HbA1c higher than 10% have an increased risk of progression of @entity989 . Moreover, an accelerated progression of @entity989 has been observed in @entity1 with systemic @entity101 following the onset of microalbuminuria. It has been demonstrated that @entity3949 can also be present during childhood; therefore, it is possible to detect electrophysiological abnormalities in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1723 . Glycaemic and blood pressure control are, so far, the main means for possible prevention or modification of the natural history of @entity2412 . Tight glycaemic control may have beneficial effects for @entity3949 . In addition, other preventive measures, such as @entity3650 reductase inhibitors, gangliosides, neurotrophic vitamins, etc., have been studied in the last years. However, no conclusive results have been obtained so far.

title: Prevention of microvascular complications in XXXX @entity1 and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'Nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of renal function']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microvascular complications']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity6 causes profound alterations in many body tissues. Microvascular @entity6 complications include @entity3949 , @entity8 and @entity989 . @entity8 first becomes manifest with hyperfiltration and microalbuminuria. These functional changes evolve over several years to a stage of marked @entity177 . The possible preventive measures are metabolic control, reduction of dietary protein intake and use of ACE-inhibitors. Metabolic control is also important for the prevention of @entity6 . In fact, @entity1 with HbA1c higher than 10% have an increased risk of progression of @entity989 . Moreover, an accelerated progression of @entity989 has been observed in @entity1 with systemic @entity101 following the onset of microalbuminuria. It has been demonstrated that @entity3949 can also be present during childhood; therefore, it is possible to detect electrophysiological abnormalities in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1723 . Glycaemic and blood pressure control are, so far, the main means for possible prevention or modification of the natural history of @entity2412 . Tight glycaemic control may have beneficial effects for @entity3949 . In addition, other preventive measures, such as @entity3650 reductase inhibitors, gangliosides, neurotrophic vitamins, etc., have been studied in the last years. However, no conclusive results have been obtained so far.

title: Prevention of microvascular complications in @entity6 XXXX and adolescents.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The distributions of @entity24661 (OFQ/N; also known as @entity24661 ) and its cognate receptor, opioid receptor-like receptor-1 (NOP), overlap steroid-responsive regions throughout reproductive circuits of the limbic system and hypothalamus. For example, in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), OFQ/N facilitates @entity1515 in female @entity35 through @entity172 and @entity1420 regulation of @entity24661 activity. We studied @entity172 and @entity1420 regulation of OFQ/N and NOP mRNA expression in limbic-hypothalamic reproductive circuits. Ovariectomized @entity35 were treated with @entity14471 (2 microg) and 26 hours later with oil or @entity1420 (500 microg) and were killed 30 hours after initial treatment. Alternate brain sections were processed for OFQ/N or NOP mRNA in situ hybridization. High levels of hybridization for NOP and OFQ/N and overlapping distributions were observed throughout the limbic hypothalamic reproductive circuits; however, in VMH, only NOP expression was observed. @entity172 treatment increased NOP mRNA expression in anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), median preoptic nucleus, and VMH. Subsequent @entity1420 treatment did not alter @entity172 -induced expression of NOP mRNA in VMH or median preoptic nucleus but reduced expression in the AVPV. OFQ/N mRNA levels were also regulated by @entity230 . In the caudal part of the posterodorsal medial amygdala, @entity172 increased OFQ/N mRNA levels, and @entity1420 did not alter this increase, whereas, in the medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus, @entity172 and @entity1420 were needed to increase OFQ/N mRNA levels. @entity134 regulation of OFQ/N and NOP in the medial preoptic nucleus and VMH is consistent with emerging data indicating that this opioid system regulates female reproduction.

title: Site-specific XXXX and progestin regulation of @entity24661 / @entity24661 and @entity24661 opioid receptor mRNA expression in the female @entity35 limbic hypothalamic system.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity14471 :: ('MESH:C010452', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol-benzoate']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The distributions of @entity24661 (OFQ/N; also known as @entity24661 ) and its cognate receptor, opioid receptor-like receptor-1 (NOP), overlap steroid-responsive regions throughout reproductive circuits of the limbic system and hypothalamus. For example, in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), OFQ/N facilitates @entity1515 in female @entity35 through @entity172 and @entity1420 regulation of @entity24661 activity. We studied @entity172 and @entity1420 regulation of OFQ/N and NOP mRNA expression in limbic-hypothalamic reproductive circuits. Ovariectomized @entity35 were treated with @entity14471 (2 microg) and 26 hours later with oil or @entity1420 (500 microg) and were killed 30 hours after initial treatment. Alternate brain sections were processed for OFQ/N or NOP mRNA in situ hybridization. High levels of hybridization for NOP and OFQ/N and overlapping distributions were observed throughout the limbic hypothalamic reproductive circuits; however, in VMH, only NOP expression was observed. @entity172 treatment increased NOP mRNA expression in anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), median preoptic nucleus, and VMH. Subsequent @entity1420 treatment did not alter @entity172 -induced expression of NOP mRNA in VMH or median preoptic nucleus but reduced expression in the AVPV. OFQ/N mRNA levels were also regulated by @entity230 . In the caudal part of the posterodorsal medial amygdala, @entity172 increased OFQ/N mRNA levels, and @entity1420 did not alter this increase, whereas, in the medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus, @entity172 and @entity1420 were needed to increase OFQ/N mRNA levels. @entity134 regulation of OFQ/N and NOP in the medial preoptic nucleus and VMH is consistent with emerging data indicating that this opioid system regulates female reproduction.

title: Site-specific @entity172 and progestin regulation of XXXX / @entity24661 and @entity24661 opioid receptor mRNA expression in the female @entity35 limbic hypothalamic system.

answer: @entity24661 :: (25516(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['orphanin FQ']


abstract: The distributions of @entity24661 (OFQ/N; also known as @entity24661 ) and its cognate receptor, opioid receptor-like receptor-1 (NOP), overlap steroid-responsive regions throughout reproductive circuits of the limbic system and hypothalamus. For example, in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), OFQ/N facilitates @entity1515 in female @entity35 through @entity172 and @entity1420 regulation of @entity24661 activity. We studied @entity172 and @entity1420 regulation of OFQ/N and NOP mRNA expression in limbic-hypothalamic reproductive circuits. Ovariectomized @entity35 were treated with @entity14471 (2 microg) and 26 hours later with oil or @entity1420 (500 microg) and were killed 30 hours after initial treatment. Alternate brain sections were processed for OFQ/N or NOP mRNA in situ hybridization. High levels of hybridization for NOP and OFQ/N and overlapping distributions were observed throughout the limbic hypothalamic reproductive circuits; however, in VMH, only NOP expression was observed. @entity172 treatment increased NOP mRNA expression in anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), median preoptic nucleus, and VMH. Subsequent @entity1420 treatment did not alter @entity172 -induced expression of NOP mRNA in VMH or median preoptic nucleus but reduced expression in the AVPV. OFQ/N mRNA levels were also regulated by @entity230 . In the caudal part of the posterodorsal medial amygdala, @entity172 increased OFQ/N mRNA levels, and @entity1420 did not alter this increase, whereas, in the medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus, @entity172 and @entity1420 were needed to increase OFQ/N mRNA levels. @entity134 regulation of OFQ/N and NOP in the medial preoptic nucleus and VMH is consistent with emerging data indicating that this opioid system regulates female reproduction.

title: Site-specific @entity172 and progestin regulation of @entity24661 / XXXX and @entity24661 opioid receptor mRNA expression in the female @entity35 limbic hypothalamic system.

answer: @entity24661 :: (25516(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['nociceptin']


abstract: The distributions of @entity24661 (OFQ/N; also known as @entity24661 ) and its cognate receptor, opioid receptor-like receptor-1 (NOP), overlap steroid-responsive regions throughout reproductive circuits of the limbic system and hypothalamus. For example, in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), OFQ/N facilitates @entity1515 in female @entity35 through @entity172 and @entity1420 regulation of @entity24661 activity. We studied @entity172 and @entity1420 regulation of OFQ/N and NOP mRNA expression in limbic-hypothalamic reproductive circuits. Ovariectomized @entity35 were treated with @entity14471 (2 microg) and 26 hours later with oil or @entity1420 (500 microg) and were killed 30 hours after initial treatment. Alternate brain sections were processed for OFQ/N or NOP mRNA in situ hybridization. High levels of hybridization for NOP and OFQ/N and overlapping distributions were observed throughout the limbic hypothalamic reproductive circuits; however, in VMH, only NOP expression was observed. @entity172 treatment increased NOP mRNA expression in anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), median preoptic nucleus, and VMH. Subsequent @entity1420 treatment did not alter @entity172 -induced expression of NOP mRNA in VMH or median preoptic nucleus but reduced expression in the AVPV. OFQ/N mRNA levels were also regulated by @entity230 . In the caudal part of the posterodorsal medial amygdala, @entity172 increased OFQ/N mRNA levels, and @entity1420 did not alter this increase, whereas, in the medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus, @entity172 and @entity1420 were needed to increase OFQ/N mRNA levels. @entity134 regulation of OFQ/N and NOP in the medial preoptic nucleus and VMH is consistent with emerging data indicating that this opioid system regulates female reproduction.

title: Site-specific @entity172 and progestin regulation of @entity24661 / @entity24661 and XXXX opioid receptor mRNA expression in the female @entity35 limbic hypothalamic system.

answer: @entity24661 :: (25516(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['nociceptin']


abstract: The distributions of @entity24661 (OFQ/N; also known as @entity24661 ) and its cognate receptor, opioid receptor-like receptor-1 (NOP), overlap steroid-responsive regions throughout reproductive circuits of the limbic system and hypothalamus. For example, in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), OFQ/N facilitates @entity1515 in female @entity35 through @entity172 and @entity1420 regulation of @entity24661 activity. We studied @entity172 and @entity1420 regulation of OFQ/N and NOP mRNA expression in limbic-hypothalamic reproductive circuits. Ovariectomized @entity35 were treated with @entity14471 (2 microg) and 26 hours later with oil or @entity1420 (500 microg) and were killed 30 hours after initial treatment. Alternate brain sections were processed for OFQ/N or NOP mRNA in situ hybridization. High levels of hybridization for NOP and OFQ/N and overlapping distributions were observed throughout the limbic hypothalamic reproductive circuits; however, in VMH, only NOP expression was observed. @entity172 treatment increased NOP mRNA expression in anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), median preoptic nucleus, and VMH. Subsequent @entity1420 treatment did not alter @entity172 -induced expression of NOP mRNA in VMH or median preoptic nucleus but reduced expression in the AVPV. OFQ/N mRNA levels were also regulated by @entity230 . In the caudal part of the posterodorsal medial amygdala, @entity172 increased OFQ/N mRNA levels, and @entity1420 did not alter this increase, whereas, in the medial part of the medial preoptic nucleus, @entity172 and @entity1420 were needed to increase OFQ/N mRNA levels. @entity134 regulation of OFQ/N and NOP in the medial preoptic nucleus and VMH is consistent with emerging data indicating that this opioid system regulates female reproduction.

title: Site-specific @entity172 and progestin regulation of @entity24661 / @entity24661 and @entity24661 opioid receptor mRNA expression in the female XXXX limbic hypothalamic system.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The objective of this study was to develop an adenoviral vector system that would generate a pattern of expression of exogenous therapeutic genes appropriate for the treatment of @entity43 . For this purpose, we have generated a replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vector, AdLPLacZ, which contains the @entity1 @entity40085 ( @entity40085 ) promoter ( @entity40085 -P) driving the @entity526 LacZ gene. @entity40085 is constitutively expressed at high levels in malignant epithelial cells but is not expressed in normal tissues, except at low levels in mature hematopoietic cells. Because adenoviral vectors infect early hematopoietic multilineage precursor cells only poorly or not at all, this vector would be of use in the peritoneal cavity and in vitro for marrow purging. We first analyzed the expression of the LacZ reporter gene in @entity5344 cell lines, normal fibroblasts, and @entity1778 cell lines using the adenoviral vector in which the LacZ gene is governed by the LP-P promoter (AdLPLacZ) or in which the LacZ gene is governed by the cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) promoter (AdCMVLacZ). We found equivalent and high levels of expression of @entity7791 ( @entity7791 ) by AdLPLacZ and AdCMVLacZ vectors in the @entity5344 cell lines as well as in a @entity1492 cell line, indicating that the adenoviral vectors infected these cells and expressed their transgenes equally with the LP and @entity2834 promoters. Expression of the LacZ gene with the @entity2834 vector but not with the LP-P vector was observed in experiments with normal fibroblasts, indicating that the vectors infected the cells, but that the LP-P was not active within them. In hematopoietic cells such as U937 cells, no measurable @entity7791 activity was detected in cells infected either by AdLPLacZ or by AdCMVLacZ, indicating that the adenoviral vectors were not infecting the cells. Although @entity7791 activity was observed in fresh ascitic @entity43 cells after infection with adenoviral vectors containing @entity2834 or the LP promoters, @entity7791 activity was detected in a portion of a biopsy of normal peritoneum when the tissues were exposed to the AdCMVLacZ vector, but not when tissues were exposed to the AdLPLacZ vector. These results suggest that the transcription of therapeutic genes in cells infected by the AdLP vectors would be restricted to LP expression-positive @entity43 cells but would not be seen in the normal mesothelial cells of the peritoneal cavity. This possibility implies that adenoviral vectors carrying therapeutic genes driven by the LP-P would be of use for the @entity43 .

title: Use of @entity40085 promoter to develop an adenoviral system that confers transgene expression in XXXX cells but not in normal mesothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer', 'intracavitary treatment ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and breast cancer', 'breast or ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity7791 :: ('MESH:D016537', 'Disease') :: ['beta-gal', 'beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The objective of this study was to develop an adenoviral vector system that would generate a pattern of expression of exogenous therapeutic genes appropriate for the treatment of @entity43 . For this purpose, we have generated a replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vector, AdLPLacZ, which contains the @entity1 @entity40085 ( @entity40085 ) promoter ( @entity40085 -P) driving the @entity526 LacZ gene. @entity40085 is constitutively expressed at high levels in malignant epithelial cells but is not expressed in normal tissues, except at low levels in mature hematopoietic cells. Because adenoviral vectors infect early hematopoietic multilineage precursor cells only poorly or not at all, this vector would be of use in the peritoneal cavity and in vitro for marrow purging. We first analyzed the expression of the LacZ reporter gene in @entity5344 cell lines, normal fibroblasts, and @entity1778 cell lines using the adenoviral vector in which the LacZ gene is governed by the LP-P promoter (AdLPLacZ) or in which the LacZ gene is governed by the cytomegalovirus ( @entity2834 ) promoter (AdCMVLacZ). We found equivalent and high levels of expression of @entity7791 ( @entity7791 ) by AdLPLacZ and AdCMVLacZ vectors in the @entity5344 cell lines as well as in a @entity1492 cell line, indicating that the adenoviral vectors infected these cells and expressed their transgenes equally with the LP and @entity2834 promoters. Expression of the LacZ gene with the @entity2834 vector but not with the LP-P vector was observed in experiments with normal fibroblasts, indicating that the vectors infected the cells, but that the LP-P was not active within them. In hematopoietic cells such as U937 cells, no measurable @entity7791 activity was detected in cells infected either by AdLPLacZ or by AdCMVLacZ, indicating that the adenoviral vectors were not infecting the cells. Although @entity7791 activity was observed in fresh ascitic @entity43 cells after infection with adenoviral vectors containing @entity2834 or the LP promoters, @entity7791 activity was detected in a portion of a biopsy of normal peritoneum when the tissues were exposed to the AdCMVLacZ vector, but not when tissues were exposed to the AdLPLacZ vector. These results suggest that the transcription of therapeutic genes in cells infected by the AdLP vectors would be restricted to LP expression-positive @entity43 cells but would not be seen in the normal mesothelial cells of the peritoneal cavity. This possibility implies that adenoviral vectors carrying therapeutic genes driven by the LP-P would be of use for the @entity43 .

title: Use of XXXX promoter to develop an adenoviral system that confers transgene expression in @entity43 cells but not in normal mesothelial cells.

answer: @entity40085 :: (3936,Gene) :: ['L-plastin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with acute @entity64 , hyperglycaemia has been retrospectively associated with negative outcome. There is an ongoing discussion as to which treatment algorithm, if any, provides the most effective prospective intervention. Here we test the safety and feasibility of an intravenous insulin-only infusion protocol designed for pragmatic routine clinical use. METHODS: 40 @entity64 @entity1 with onset <24 h ago, admitted to our @entity64 unit, were randomized either to the study regimen (50 IU insulin in 50 ml 0.9% saline solution applied intravenously via a perfusor pump), with the aim of reaching and maintaining blood @entity413 levels between 4.44 mmol/l (80 mg/dl) and 6.11 mmol/l (110 mg/dl), or were treated with insulin subcutaneously if concentrations were above 11.10 mmol/l (200 mg/dl). Treatment was continued for 5 days. Primary outcome was the number of hypoglycaemic (<3.33 mmol/l; <60 mg/dl) and severe hyperglycaemic (>16.65 mmol/l; >300 mg/dl) events. RESULTS: Hypoglycaemic events were significantly more common in @entity1 treated intensively (total n = 25; incidence rate ratio, @entity12623 = 5.3; 95% CI = 1.2-22.4; p < 0.05). Symptomatic events were rare (total n = 5). Severe hyperglycaemia was associated with conventional treatment ( @entity12623 = 4.9; 95% CI = 1.5-15.9; p < 0.05). Though those treated intensively attained near-normoglycaemic levels quicker and had significantly lower blood @entity413 levels over the study period (6.49 +/- 2.19 mmol/l vs. 8.01 +/- 3.06 mmol/l; 95% CI = -1.78 to -1.28, p < 0.0005), treatment imposes considerable strain on both @entity1 and caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: The intensive intravenous insulin infusion protocol effectively lowers blood @entity413 levels with an increased risk of manageable hypoglycaemic events. However, a highly motivated and trained staff seems essential, limiting feasibility outside of specialty care settings.

title: Pragmatic management of hyperglycaemia in acute XXXX : safety and feasibility of intensive intravenous insulin treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5380 ( @entity5380 ) are @entity1504 which can result in a variety of @entity16 . @entity29555 is inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait. There is one study in the literature which reports statistical evidence for anticipation in familial @entity5380 . METHODS: We reevaluated the clinical course of the disease and performed molecular analyses in a previously described three-generation @entity5380 family with apparent anticipation. RESULTS: Disease started at a younger age in each generation, strongly suggesting anticipation. The @entity1 in generation I showed no clinical symptoms by the age of 68, whereas his son became wheelchair-bound at the age of 43 due to an intramedullary cavernous @entity600 at the thoracolumbar transition of the spinal cord. The @entity1 in generation III had a pons @entity548 at the age of 11 due to a large brainstem cavernoma. The @entity548 caused @entity3541 and @entity1269 , persisting as @entity11401 . Sequencing of @entity14826 identified a novel frameshift mutation in exon 15 ( @entity71500 or @entity71501 ) which cosegregated with the phenotype. Flow-FISH analysis of granulocyte and lymphocyte telomere length showed that telomeres were longest in the youngest affected family member. CONCLUSIONS: We could not find any evidence for either of the two currently known molecular mechanisms for genetic anticipation (i.e., expansion of repetitive DNA elements or progressive @entity3207 ) in this family. However, the family presented here raises the important question whether surveillance of @entity5380 families with gradient-echo MRI should not only include the cerebrum, but the spinal cord as well.

title: Novel XXXX mutation and no molecular evidence of anticipation in a family with cerebral and spinal cavernous malformations.

entities_list: @entity71501 :: ('p|SUB|L|551|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Leu551X']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular brain anomalies']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['telomere shortening']

entities_list: @entity5380 :: ('MESH:D020786', 'Disease') :: ['CCM', 'Cerebral cavernous malformations']

entities_list: @entity29555 :: ('MESH:C536610', 'Disease') :: ['Familial CCM']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity11401 :: ('MESH:D020526', 'Disease') :: ['Millard-Gubler syndrome']

answer: @entity14826 :: (889,Gene) :: ['KRIT1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We determined the autoantibody profile in @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ) and examined the distribution of thyroid-related autoantibodies in other @entity792 . METHODS: We tested sera from 234 @entity1 with @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ), 130 with @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ), 249 with other @entity792 , and 50 healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Autoantibodies except TSH receptor antibody (Ab), anti-thyroglobulin (Tg) Ab and @entity5787 ( @entity5787 ) Ab were not significantly prevalent in @entity1 with @entity1669 despite a significantly high elevation of thyroid-related Ab. Significant prevalence of autoantibodies related to @entity1669 was observed in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . Elevation of anti-Tg Ab was seen in @entity1 with @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) and @entity775 ( @entity775 ), and anti- @entity5787 Ab was elevated in @entity1 with @entity2835 . Although the prevalence of anti- @entity934 receptor Ab and @entity1252 ( @entity1252 )- related Ab was significant in @entity775 , primary Sj  gren's syndrome (pSS)-related Ab were also found in both @entity409 . In @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) @entity1 , thyroid-related Ab and pSS-related Ab were detected in both @entity1737 groups, although @entity1252 -related Ab were limited to the anti-muscle specific kinase Ab-positive @entity1737 @entity1 . In @entity1 with connective tissue diseases, anti- Tg Ab and anti- @entity5787 Ab were significantly prevalent. CONCLUSION: Thyroid-related Ab were significantly elevated in all @entity792 . Conversely, the elevations of Ab were not significant in the @entity1 with @entity1669 , suggesting a close relationship between @entity1669 and other immune-mediated diseases.

title: Prevalence of interrelated autoantibodies in thyroid diseases and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis', 'PBC']

entities_list: @entity5787 :: ('7173', 'Gene') :: ['TPO', 'anti-thyroid peroxidase']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['GD', "Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid diseases', 'AITD']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis", 'HT']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine morbidity, mortality, conversion rates, and disease recurrence after laparoscopic resection of complicated and uncomplicated @entity66 in a single center. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: In contrast to @entity14 , there are few large studies of laparoscopic or open resection for @entity66 . METHODS: This study represents a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of all laparoscopic resections for uncomplicated and complicated @entity4436 from a single center. RESULTS: Five hundred @entity1 (305 female) were identified (median age 58; range, 26-89). Recurrent @entity4436 was the most common indication for surgery (77%), followed by perforation (10%) and fistulation (9%). Median operating time was 120 minutes (range, 45-285) and median length of hospital stay was 4 (2-33) days. The @entity4558 was routinely mobilized. There was 1 (0.2%) 30-day and in-hospital death and 55 (11%) @entity1 had major morbidity after the procedure. Conversion to an open operation was performed in 14 (2.8%) cases. Dense adhesions were the most common cause for conversion (6 @entity1 ). Among @entity1 with complicated @entity4436 , the conversion rate was 5.3%, whereas for those with uncomplicated disease, it was 2.1% (P = ns). Operating time and length of hospital stay do not differ significantly between @entity1 with complicated and uncomplicated @entity4436 . The conversion rate has come down from 8% for the first 100 cases to 1.5% for the last 400 cases (P = 0.002). To our knowledge, there have been no cases of recurrent @entity4436 . CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic resection even in complicated cases of @entity4436 is safe and effective. It can be achieved with short operating times and length of stay in conjunction with very low rates of morbidity and mortality. Adherence to surgical principles including routine mobilization of the @entity4558 and @entity254 onto the rectum may explain the absence of disease recurrence in our experience.

title: Laparoscopic resection for XXXX : follow-up of 500 consecutive @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['diverticular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine morbidity, mortality, conversion rates, and disease recurrence after laparoscopic resection of complicated and uncomplicated @entity66 in a single center. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: In contrast to @entity14 , there are few large studies of laparoscopic or open resection for @entity66 . METHODS: This study represents a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of all laparoscopic resections for uncomplicated and complicated @entity4436 from a single center. RESULTS: Five hundred @entity1 (305 female) were identified (median age 58; range, 26-89). Recurrent @entity4436 was the most common indication for surgery (77%), followed by perforation (10%) and fistulation (9%). Median operating time was 120 minutes (range, 45-285) and median length of hospital stay was 4 (2-33) days. The @entity4558 was routinely mobilized. There was 1 (0.2%) 30-day and in-hospital death and 55 (11%) @entity1 had major morbidity after the procedure. Conversion to an open operation was performed in 14 (2.8%) cases. Dense adhesions were the most common cause for conversion (6 @entity1 ). Among @entity1 with complicated @entity4436 , the conversion rate was 5.3%, whereas for those with uncomplicated disease, it was 2.1% (P = ns). Operating time and length of hospital stay do not differ significantly between @entity1 with complicated and uncomplicated @entity4436 . The conversion rate has come down from 8% for the first 100 cases to 1.5% for the last 400 cases (P = 0.002). To our knowledge, there have been no cases of recurrent @entity4436 . CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic resection even in complicated cases of @entity4436 is safe and effective. It can be achieved with short operating times and length of stay in conjunction with very low rates of morbidity and mortality. Adherence to surgical principles including routine mobilization of the @entity4558 and @entity254 onto the rectum may explain the absence of disease recurrence in our experience.

title: Laparoscopic resection for @entity66 : follow-up of 500 consecutive XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of in vivo confocal microscopy in cases of @entity364 presenting with a deep stromal infiltrate. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. METHODS: We reviewed the medical, microbiologic, and histopathologic data of 6 @entity1 , whose clinical presentation was characterized by deep stromal or multifocal endothelial lesions. These @entity1 were subjected to in vivo confocal microscopy on the day of presentation. All the @entity1 underwent therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. The excised corneal buttons were bisected and subjected to microbiologic and histopathologic examinations. RESULTS: Microbiologic and/or histopathologic examination proved that the @entity1036 in all the 6 @entity1 was caused by filamentous fungi. Five corneal buttons were positive for the fungus on histopathologic examination. Four specimens grew out fungus on microbiologic examination. In 5 (83%) cases, confocal microscopy revealed double-walled, septate, linear branching structures resembling fungal filaments. CONCLUSIONS: In vivo confocal microscopy can be a useful diagnostic tool in @entity1 presenting with deep stromal lesions.

title: Role of confocal microscopy in deep XXXX .

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal keratitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that @entity1 with @entity303 of the Alzheimer type have @entity21 , and thus, may have similar sensorimotor problems as @entity1 with @entity21 from @entity191 . Whether the similarity extends to balance control is unknown. One distinguishing feature of @entity74 in @entity191 is difficulty with changing postural set in terms of adapting the amplitude of leg muscle activity as a function of support condition. We, therefore, tested whether @entity1 with @entity195 without @entity21 would show a similar problem in changing postural set as @entity1 with @entity191 . METHODS: The ability to quickly change postural set was measured by comparing leg muscle activity under two conditions of support (free stance, versus grasping a frame, or sitting) during backward surface translations, during toes up surface rotations, and during @entity2798 to toes. Results were compared among 12 healthy adults, 8 nondemented @entity191 @entity1 on their usual dose of medication, and 11 Alzheimer @entity1 without @entity21 . RESULTS: Subjects with Alzheimer's, but not @entity191 performed similarly to the healthy control subjects. They changed postural set immediately, by suppressing leg muscle activity to low levels when supported. Parkinson subjects did not change postural set immediately. They did not suppress the tibialis anterior in @entity2798 to toes when holding, nor the soleus in perturbed sitting as much as the healthy control and Alzheimer subjects in the first trial. Instead, the Parkinson subjects changed set more slowly, over repeated and consecutive trials in both protocols. The onset latencies of soleus responses to backward surface translations and perturbed sitting, as well as tibialis anterior responses to toes up rotations, were the same for all three groups. CONCLUSION: Alzheimer @entity1 without @entity21 , unlike nondemented @entity191 @entity1 , have no difficulty in quickly changing postural set in response to altered support conditions. Our results, therefore, do not support the hypothesis that @entity191 and uncomplicated @entity195 share common postural set problems that may contribute to disordered balance control.

title: Postural set for balance control is normal in Alzheimer's but not in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's, disease", "Parkinson's"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['balance disorder']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's diseases"]

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the basal ganglia', 'basal ganglia degeneration', 'extrapyramidal signs']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary rise']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: A prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study was carried out to investigate levels of anti-Helicobacter pylori-specific IgG antibodies in the @entity7462 and serum of @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ), exfoliation syndrome [ @entity9998 ( @entity9998 )], and with normotensive @entity231 @entity1 , who served as controls. METHODS: Aqueous humor was aspirated at the beginning of @entity726 surgery from 50 eyes of 50 @entity1 with @entity725 , with @entity9998 and at the beginning of phacoemulsification @entity231 surgery from controls. Serum samples were obtained. Anti-H. pylori IgG concentration in the @entity7462 and serum was measured by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Serum analysis of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies revealed statistically significant difference between @entity725 and @entity9998 (52.26+/-52.51 vs. 25.22+/-35.27, P=0.01). Also, the difference between @entity725 and controls was statistically significant (54.05+/-55.04 vs. 33.83+/-41.73, P=0.04). However, on comparing @entity9998 with the control group, the difference was statistically insignificant (P=0.12). The mean concentration of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies in @entity7462 of @entity1 in @entity725 and controls were not statistically different (3.93+/-5.14 vs. 2.65+/-2.87, respectively, P=0.73). The mean concentration of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies in @entity7462 of @entity1 in @entity9998 and controls were not statistically different (8.87+/-30.25 vs. 2.65+/-2.87, respectively, P=0.83). There was also no statistical difference of IgG levels between @entity725 and @entity9998 (3.93+/-5.14 vs. 8.87+/-30.25, respectively, P=0.87). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of anti-H. pylori IgG titers in sera of individuals with @entity725 were significantly higher compared with @entity9998 and control groups. We support the hypothesis of the role of anti-H. pylori antibodies in causative mechanism for @entity725 . We could not find a significant link between the anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies and the @entity9998 .

title: Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies in XXXX and serum of subjects with primary open angle and @entity9998 in a South Indian population.

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma', 'PXFG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

answer: @entity7462 :: (MESH:C562390,Disease) :: ['aqueous humor']


abstract: PURPOSE: A prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study was carried out to investigate levels of anti-Helicobacter pylori-specific IgG antibodies in the @entity7462 and serum of @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ), exfoliation syndrome [ @entity9998 ( @entity9998 )], and with normotensive @entity231 @entity1 , who served as controls. METHODS: Aqueous humor was aspirated at the beginning of @entity726 surgery from 50 eyes of 50 @entity1 with @entity725 , with @entity9998 and at the beginning of phacoemulsification @entity231 surgery from controls. Serum samples were obtained. Anti-H. pylori IgG concentration in the @entity7462 and serum was measured by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Serum analysis of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies revealed statistically significant difference between @entity725 and @entity9998 (52.26+/-52.51 vs. 25.22+/-35.27, P=0.01). Also, the difference between @entity725 and controls was statistically significant (54.05+/-55.04 vs. 33.83+/-41.73, P=0.04). However, on comparing @entity9998 with the control group, the difference was statistically insignificant (P=0.12). The mean concentration of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies in @entity7462 of @entity1 in @entity725 and controls were not statistically different (3.93+/-5.14 vs. 2.65+/-2.87, respectively, P=0.73). The mean concentration of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies in @entity7462 of @entity1 in @entity9998 and controls were not statistically different (8.87+/-30.25 vs. 2.65+/-2.87, respectively, P=0.83). There was also no statistical difference of IgG levels between @entity725 and @entity9998 (3.93+/-5.14 vs. 8.87+/-30.25, respectively, P=0.87). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of anti-H. pylori IgG titers in sera of individuals with @entity725 were significantly higher compared with @entity9998 and control groups. We support the hypothesis of the role of anti-H. pylori antibodies in causative mechanism for @entity725 . We could not find a significant link between the anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies and the @entity9998 .

title: Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies in @entity7462 and serum of subjects with primary open angle and XXXX in a South Indian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity9998 :: (MESH:D017889,Disease) :: ['pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma']


abstract: Seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination commenced in 2001 for Australian indigenous @entity1 . Pneumococcal carriage surveillance detected substantial replacement with nonvaccine serotypes and a cluster of serotype 1 carriage. Our aim was to review @entity328 serotype 1 carriage and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) data for this population and to analyze serotype 1 isolates. Carriage data were collected between 1992 and 2004 in the Darwin region, one of the five regions in the Northern Territory. Carriage data were also collected in 2003 and 2005 from four regions in the Northern Territory. Twenty-six cases of serotype 1 @entity3 were reported from 1994 to 2007 in the Northern Territory. Forty-four isolates were analyzed by BOX typing and 11 by multilocus sequence typing. In the Darwin region, 26 @entity1 were reported carrying serotype 1 (ST227) in 2002 but not during later surveillance. Scattered cases of serotype 1 carriage were noted in two other regions. Cocolonization of serotype 1 with other pneumococcal serotypes was common (34% serotype 1-positive swabs). In conclusion, pneumococcal carriage studies detected intermittent serotype 1 carriage and an ST227 cluster in @entity1 in indigenous communities in the Northern Territory of Australia. There was no apparent increase in serotype 1 @entity3 during this time. The rate of serotype 1 cocolonization with other pneumococcal serotypes suggests that carriage of this serotype may be underestimated.

title: Age-specific cluster of cases of serotype 1 XXXX carriage in remote indigenous communities in Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['IPD', 'invasive pneumococcal disease']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: @entity943 ( @entity943 ) are common pediatric rhythm disorders requiring comprehensive laboratory evaluation. Although usually idiopathic, implying a benign character and favorable prognosis, the initial clinical approach is still not established in all cases. Considering their prognostic significance, exercise-induced (precipitated or aggravated) @entity943 usually require additional diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up. A number of reports have presented experimental and clinical evidence that increased sympathetic activity can initiate, or at least facilitate, @entity943 . Recent data highlight the relationship between exercise-induced @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ) and the long-term risk of @entity65 . The aim of this study was to assess the utility of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis as a noninvasive method for estimating autonomic nervous activity in @entity1 with exercise induced @entity3762 . The study included 42 @entity1 with @entity3762 , who were divided into two groups: @entity1 with exercise induced (precipitated or aggravated) @entity3762 and @entity1 with exercised-suppressed @entity3762 . Time-domain HRV parameters were analyzed from 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography recordings, and the majority of @entity1 underwent an exercise stress test using the McMaster protocol. The results of this study showed no significant changes in parasympathetic index, i.e., the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of the differences between adjacent NN intervals (the length between two successive heartbeats) between the groups examined. On the other hand, we observed diminished time-domain values for the standard deviation of all adjacent NN intervals, as well as diminished time-domain values for standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals in all 5-min segments in the group of @entity1 with exercise-induced @entity3762 , implicating increased sympathetic activity in such individuals. HRV analysis could be a helpful diagnostic method, giving useful information regarding cardiac autonomic control in some @entity1 with exercise-induced @entity3762 .

title: Heart rate variability in @entity1 with exercise-induced idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['IVAs', 'idiopathic VAs']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular arrhythmias', 'VAs']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity943 ( @entity943 ) are common pediatric rhythm disorders requiring comprehensive laboratory evaluation. Although usually idiopathic, implying a benign character and favorable prognosis, the initial clinical approach is still not established in all cases. Considering their prognostic significance, exercise-induced (precipitated or aggravated) @entity943 usually require additional diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up. A number of reports have presented experimental and clinical evidence that increased sympathetic activity can initiate, or at least facilitate, @entity943 . Recent data highlight the relationship between exercise-induced @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ) and the long-term risk of @entity65 . The aim of this study was to assess the utility of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis as a noninvasive method for estimating autonomic nervous activity in @entity1 with exercise induced @entity3762 . The study included 42 @entity1 with @entity3762 , who were divided into two groups: @entity1 with exercise induced (precipitated or aggravated) @entity3762 and @entity1 with exercised-suppressed @entity3762 . Time-domain HRV parameters were analyzed from 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography recordings, and the majority of @entity1 underwent an exercise stress test using the McMaster protocol. The results of this study showed no significant changes in parasympathetic index, i.e., the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of the differences between adjacent NN intervals (the length between two successive heartbeats) between the groups examined. On the other hand, we observed diminished time-domain values for the standard deviation of all adjacent NN intervals, as well as diminished time-domain values for standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals in all 5-min segments in the group of @entity1 with exercise-induced @entity3762 , implicating increased sympathetic activity in such individuals. HRV analysis could be a helpful diagnostic method, giving useful information regarding cardiac autonomic control in some @entity1 with exercise-induced @entity3762 .

title: Heart rate variability in XXXX with exercise-induced idiopathic @entity943 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY was to evaluate interstitial laser photocoagulation for local destruction of @entity10545 , with computed tomographic (CT) guidance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 28 @entity1 (age range from 5 to 48 years) with presumed @entity10545 were treated with CT-guided interstitial laser photocoagulation of the nidus. A high power semiconductor diode laser (805 nm) with a 400 microns optical fiber was used. The fiber was introduced into the nidus through a 18-gauge needle. Around the fiber tip, well-defined coagulative necroses from 5 to 9 mm (energy delivery, 400-1000J) were obtained. RESULTS: 27 @entity1 had @entity158 relief, which was effective within 24 hours in 18 @entity1 . One @entity1 had @entity158 recurrence after 6 weeks. The remaining nidus was treated secondarily with complete relief. Treatment was unsuccessful in one @entity1 , and surgical excision was performed. All @entity1 were followed up for more than 1 year, with no sign of recurrence. The only notable complication was a mild @entity6865 of the wrist in one @entity1 . @entity1463 of the nidus was observed 6-12 months after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous interstitial laser photocoagulation of @entity10545 seems to be a promising, simple, precise, and minimally invasive alternative to traditional surgical and percutaneous ablations.

title: [Treatment of XXXX using laser photocoagulation. Apropos of 28 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'complete pain']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['osteoid osteoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work was to study movement control strategies in @entity1 with @entity625 . These strategies were expected to be different from healthy subjects because of deficiencies due to @entity625 (i.e. @entity158 , altered proprioception). METHOD: A kinetic and kinematic analysis was performed in a population of 10 @entity1 with @entity625 and in 11 age-matched control subjects, using an ELITE system and two AMTI force-plates. The different phases of a side step were studied. RESULTS: The timing of the movement was different in the two populations. The postural phase was longer and the monopodal phase was shorter in @entity625 @entity1 when the affected leg was the supporting one than when the sound leg was supporting. Total step duration and landing-stabilization phase duration were longer in @entity625 @entity1 than in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: This movement analysis method enables to determine and to quantify differences between @entity625 @entity1 and control subjects. Clinical examination cannot identify these differences. Movement analysis methods bring up additional information to usual clinical evaluation scales and could be used for evaluation of the results of total knee arthroplasty.

title: [Methods of shifting body weight in XXXX with knee arthroses].

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral knee arthritis', 'knee arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The relation between patello-femoral instability and @entity6125 was identified by Dejour. Trochlear @entity1141 , diagnosed on knee lateral Xray when the trochlear groove crosses both femoral condyles (the so-called "crossing sign"), must be corrected to improve patello-femoral stability. However surgery should be related to the severity and the shape of @entity6125 , underlining the importance of a reproducible classification. The aim of this study was to establish intra and inter-observer reliability of Dejour's radiographic criteria. MATERIAL: 68 preoperative exact knee profile radiographs were harvested from clinical records of 64 @entity1 who underwent trochleoplasty because of patello-femoral instability and @entity6125 . On these 68 views, the crossing sign was identified by the senior surgeon (F.G.) who performed or supervised surgery. METHOD: The 68 radiographs were examined independently by 7 observers (2 juniors, 5 seniors) in order to assess interobserver agreement. Two juniors repeated the observation to test intraobserver agreement. Reproducibility for categorical data (7 shapes of trochlea according to Dejour (3 for @entity1141 )) was evaluated by Kappa statistics, and for numerical data (depth and anterior projection of the trochlear groove with respect to anterior femoral cortex) we used the interclass correlation analysis. RESULTS: Two out of the 7 observers rated all the 68 trochleas as dysplastics. The 5 others rated as normal 1 to 6 trochleas out of the 68. None of the 68 trochleas were recognized with the same shape by the 7 examiners. At best, 6 observers agreed on the same shape and for only 12 trochleas. Disagreement was mostly related to mistakes between type I and @entity1605 . For trochlear morphology interobserver agreement was slight (Kappa = 0.17) and intraobserver agreement was fair (Kappa = 0.3). The mean prominence of the trochlea was 3 +/- 2.1 mm [-6 to 10], and the mean trochlea depth was 1 +/- 1.9 mm [0 to 11]. These measurements were more reliable since the interclass correlation coefficients were respectively 0.62 and 0.38. The level of experience of the observers had no influence for categorical or numerical data. DISCUSSION: Our results indicated a low interobserver agreement for trochlear shape identification according to Dejour. The most reliable criteria was measurement of the trochlear prominence which was mostly pathological in our series. The "crossing sign" was reliable to diagnose @entity1141 since the probability to rate as normal a true @entity6349 trochlea was only 3.1 per cent. However, once the @entity1141 diagnosed, this classification gave inconsistent results to select the trochlear shape, particularly for type II. To improve reproducibility we propose to diagnose a type II only when 5 millimeters separate the crossings between the medial and lateral condyles. CONCLUSION: We recommend to use anterior projection of the trochlear groove to rate @entity6125 and to determine the adequate type of trochleoplasty: elevating of the lateral facet if non prominent or deepening of the groove when prominent.

title: [Reproducibility of the radiographic analysis of XXXX of the femoral trochlea. Intra- and interobserver analysis of 68 knees].

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['type II of dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6125 :: ('MESH:D020432', 'Disease') :: ['trochlear dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify regional ejection fraction (EF) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) by using merged late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) and cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and compare this method with the standardized 17-segment American Heart Association approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 15 @entity583 @entity1 (14 @entity1 , one @entity1 ; mean age, 63 years +/- 10 [standard deviation]) were studied at 1 week and at 4 months after @entity583 . Short-axis LGE MR information was used to quantify @entity1188 size, and to divide the left ventricle (LV) on short-axis cine MR images in @entity1188 , periinfarct, and remote regions by using a fixed-center method, yielding information on regional volumes, regional EFs, systolic wall thickening (SWT), and systolic wall motion (SWM). This approach was compared with a floating-center approach and the 17-segment approach. RESULTS: Mean @entity1188 size (normalized to LV mass) was 25% +/- 14 at 1 week and 16% +/- 8 at 4 months (P < .001). At 4 months, LV EF significantly improved (mean, 47.9% +/- 5.9 vs 50.9% +/- 6.6, P = .031), matching an improvement of regional EF (mean, 17.1% +/- 11.5 vs 24.6% +/- 13.1, P = .005) and SWM (mean, 3.2 mm +/- 1.7 vs 3.9 mm +/- 2.1, P = .027) in the @entity1188 . No significant changes in regional EF, SWT, or SWM occurred in the remote myocardium. Regional EF estimates correlated well with SWT and SWM (both r = 0.92, P < .001). The floating-center method invariably underestimated regional EF (mean, -20.8% +/- 7.6; 95% confidence interval: -23.7%, -17.9%), especially with increasing @entity1188 size. By using the 17-segment approach, no functional improvement was shown in the @entity1188 . CONCLUSION: Assessment of regional ventricular performance (regional EF) in well-defined areas (eg, @entity1188 ) is feasible by using merged LGE and cine MR imaging.

title: Determination of regional ejection fraction in @entity1 with @entity583 by using merged late XXXX enhancement and cine MR: feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted and remote myocardium', 'infarct', 'infarcted myocardium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify regional ejection fraction (EF) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) by using merged late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) and cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and compare this method with the standardized 17-segment American Heart Association approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 15 @entity583 @entity1 (14 @entity1 , one @entity1 ; mean age, 63 years +/- 10 [standard deviation]) were studied at 1 week and at 4 months after @entity583 . Short-axis LGE MR information was used to quantify @entity1188 size, and to divide the left ventricle (LV) on short-axis cine MR images in @entity1188 , periinfarct, and remote regions by using a fixed-center method, yielding information on regional volumes, regional EFs, systolic wall thickening (SWT), and systolic wall motion (SWM). This approach was compared with a floating-center approach and the 17-segment approach. RESULTS: Mean @entity1188 size (normalized to LV mass) was 25% +/- 14 at 1 week and 16% +/- 8 at 4 months (P < .001). At 4 months, LV EF significantly improved (mean, 47.9% +/- 5.9 vs 50.9% +/- 6.6, P = .031), matching an improvement of regional EF (mean, 17.1% +/- 11.5 vs 24.6% +/- 13.1, P = .005) and SWM (mean, 3.2 mm +/- 1.7 vs 3.9 mm +/- 2.1, P = .027) in the @entity1188 . No significant changes in regional EF, SWT, or SWM occurred in the remote myocardium. Regional EF estimates correlated well with SWT and SWM (both r = 0.92, P < .001). The floating-center method invariably underestimated regional EF (mean, -20.8% +/- 7.6; 95% confidence interval: -23.7%, -17.9%), especially with increasing @entity1188 size. By using the 17-segment approach, no functional improvement was shown in the @entity1188 . CONCLUSION: Assessment of regional ventricular performance (regional EF) in well-defined areas (eg, @entity1188 ) is feasible by using merged LGE and cine MR imaging.

title: Determination of regional ejection fraction in @entity1 with XXXX by using merged late @entity2287 enhancement and cine MR: feasibility study.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify regional ejection fraction (EF) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) by using merged late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) and cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and compare this method with the standardized 17-segment American Heart Association approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 15 @entity583 @entity1 (14 @entity1 , one @entity1 ; mean age, 63 years +/- 10 [standard deviation]) were studied at 1 week and at 4 months after @entity583 . Short-axis LGE MR information was used to quantify @entity1188 size, and to divide the left ventricle (LV) on short-axis cine MR images in @entity1188 , periinfarct, and remote regions by using a fixed-center method, yielding information on regional volumes, regional EFs, systolic wall thickening (SWT), and systolic wall motion (SWM). This approach was compared with a floating-center approach and the 17-segment approach. RESULTS: Mean @entity1188 size (normalized to LV mass) was 25% +/- 14 at 1 week and 16% +/- 8 at 4 months (P < .001). At 4 months, LV EF significantly improved (mean, 47.9% +/- 5.9 vs 50.9% +/- 6.6, P = .031), matching an improvement of regional EF (mean, 17.1% +/- 11.5 vs 24.6% +/- 13.1, P = .005) and SWM (mean, 3.2 mm +/- 1.7 vs 3.9 mm +/- 2.1, P = .027) in the @entity1188 . No significant changes in regional EF, SWT, or SWM occurred in the remote myocardium. Regional EF estimates correlated well with SWT and SWM (both r = 0.92, P < .001). The floating-center method invariably underestimated regional EF (mean, -20.8% +/- 7.6; 95% confidence interval: -23.7%, -17.9%), especially with increasing @entity1188 size. By using the 17-segment approach, no functional improvement was shown in the @entity1188 . CONCLUSION: Assessment of regional ventricular performance (regional EF) in well-defined areas (eg, @entity1188 ) is feasible by using merged LGE and cine MR imaging.

title: Determination of regional ejection fraction in XXXX with @entity583 by using merged late @entity2287 enhancement and cine MR: feasibility study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A target animal safety study investigated the effects of providing @entity14951 ( @entity14282 ) as a replacement for @entity3875 in pelleted @entity233 feeds. Five groups of @entity233 were fed diets containing @entity3875 at 68.9 micrograms/kg feed (control) or @entity14282 at concentrations of 49.5 (0.5x), 99 (1x), 495 (5x) or 990 (10x) micrograms @entity14282 /kg feed. The effects of @entity14282 or @entity3875 on performance, health, hematology, gross pathology and tissue concentrations of @entity14282 in female and male @entity233 were compared at 112 days of feeding. There was no significant difference from control in pen body weight in any of the groups. When feed conversion was calculated without taking into account body weights of birds that died during the study, there was no significant difference from control in any of the groups. When feed conversion was corrected for mortality, the only significant effect was that females at the 5x level (495 micrograms @entity14282 /kg feed) had improved feed conversion. Significantly increased mortality occurred during the study in the 10x (990 micrograms @entity14282 /kg feed) male group only. No histomorphologic tissue alterations attributable to dietary administration of @entity14282 were observed in tissues examined at any dietary level of @entity14282 . @entity14282 did not adversely affect animal health at the proposed use level of 99 micrograms/kg feed when replacing @entity3875 in @entity233 rations. The proposed use level also provides at least a 5-fold margin of safety.

title: Safety of @entity14951 as a source of @entity3875 in XXXX rations.

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey', 'turkeys']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D3']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: A target animal safety study investigated the effects of providing @entity14951 ( @entity14282 ) as a replacement for @entity3875 in pelleted @entity233 feeds. Five groups of @entity233 were fed diets containing @entity3875 at 68.9 micrograms/kg feed (control) or @entity14282 at concentrations of 49.5 (0.5x), 99 (1x), 495 (5x) or 990 (10x) micrograms @entity14282 /kg feed. The effects of @entity14282 or @entity3875 on performance, health, hematology, gross pathology and tissue concentrations of @entity14282 in female and male @entity233 were compared at 112 days of feeding. There was no significant difference from control in pen body weight in any of the groups. When feed conversion was calculated without taking into account body weights of birds that died during the study, there was no significant difference from control in any of the groups. When feed conversion was corrected for mortality, the only significant effect was that females at the 5x level (495 micrograms @entity14282 /kg feed) had improved feed conversion. Significantly increased mortality occurred during the study in the 10x (990 micrograms @entity14282 /kg feed) male group only. No histomorphologic tissue alterations attributable to dietary administration of @entity14282 were observed in tissues examined at any dietary level of @entity14282 . @entity14282 did not adversely affect animal health at the proposed use level of 99 micrograms/kg feed when replacing @entity3875 in @entity233 rations. The proposed use level also provides at least a 5-fold margin of safety.

title: Safety of @entity14951 as a source of XXXX in @entity233 rations.

answer: @entity3875 :: (MESH:D002762,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D3']


abstract: A target animal safety study investigated the effects of providing @entity14951 ( @entity14282 ) as a replacement for @entity3875 in pelleted @entity233 feeds. Five groups of @entity233 were fed diets containing @entity3875 at 68.9 micrograms/kg feed (control) or @entity14282 at concentrations of 49.5 (0.5x), 99 (1x), 495 (5x) or 990 (10x) micrograms @entity14282 /kg feed. The effects of @entity14282 or @entity3875 on performance, health, hematology, gross pathology and tissue concentrations of @entity14282 in female and male @entity233 were compared at 112 days of feeding. There was no significant difference from control in pen body weight in any of the groups. When feed conversion was calculated without taking into account body weights of birds that died during the study, there was no significant difference from control in any of the groups. When feed conversion was corrected for mortality, the only significant effect was that females at the 5x level (495 micrograms @entity14282 /kg feed) had improved feed conversion. Significantly increased mortality occurred during the study in the 10x (990 micrograms @entity14282 /kg feed) male group only. No histomorphologic tissue alterations attributable to dietary administration of @entity14282 were observed in tissues examined at any dietary level of @entity14282 . @entity14282 did not adversely affect animal health at the proposed use level of 99 micrograms/kg feed when replacing @entity3875 in @entity233 rations. The proposed use level also provides at least a 5-fold margin of safety.

title: Safety of XXXX as a source of @entity3875 in @entity233 rations.

answer: @entity14951 :: (MESH:D002112,Chemical) :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D3']


abstract: Runoff with contaminated street dusts has an environmental risk to the aquatic environment. An assessment of the diffuse pollution of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) from a small town and their risks to the township stream network was conducted at Yangtze River delta. This assessment is based on measurements of 16 @entity2556 from the US EPA priority list by GC-MS in stream water during rainy and dry season, street dusts with different particle sizes, river sediments and suspended solids of urban runoff. The maximum level of @entity2556 in the stream water (2,323-4,948 ng L(-1)) were found during rainy season, while significantly lower @entity2556 concentrations (242-998 ng L(-1)) were measured during dry season. The total @entity2556 ranged from 1,629 to 8,986 microg kg(-1) in the street dusts. Approximately 55% of the total @entity2556 were associated with street dust particles of diameters less than 250 microm and these accounted for 40% of the total. The town reaches sediments were rich in @entity2556 and it was suggested as the sink of street dusts. The research findings suggested that size of street dusts, the topographical and hydrological features of the landscape in the stream network were the important factors influencing PAH emitted to the receiving water. The contribution of urban surface runoff could significantly influence @entity2556 concentration in the stream water. To reduce the pollution of street dust into the stream network, the buffer zone along the hydrological pathway is suggested and the existing street cleaning methods should also be improved.

title: Runoff pollution impacts of XXXX in street dusts from a stream network town.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']