abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous work has revealed sizeable deficits in the abilities of @entity1 with an @entity72 ( @entity72 ) to integrate auditory and visual speech signals, with clear implications for social communication in this population. There is a strong male preponderance in @entity72 , with approximately four affected males for every female. The presence of sex differences in @entity72 symptoms suggests a sexual dimorphism in the @entity72 phenotype, and raises the question of whether this dimorphism extends to @entity72 traits in the neurotypical population. Here, we investigated possible sexual dimorphism in multisensory speech integration in both @entity72 and neurotypical individuals. METHODS: We assessed whether males and females differed in their ability to benefit from visual speech when target words were presented under varying levels of signal-to-noise, in samples of neurotypical @entity1 and adults, and in @entity1 diagnosed with an @entity72 . RESULTS: In @entity245 ( @entity245 ) @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity72 , females (n = 47 and n = 15, respectively) were significantly superior in their ability to recognize words under audiovisual listening conditions compared to males (n = 55 and n = 58, respectively). This sex difference was absent in our sample of neurotypical adults (n = 28 females; n = 28 males). CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the development of audiovisual integration is delayed in male relative to female @entity1 , a delay that is also observed in @entity72 . In neurotypicals, these sex differences disappear in early adulthood when females approach their performance maximum and males "catch up." Our findings underline the importance of considering sex differences in the search for @entity2438 endophenotypes and strongly encourage increased efforts to study the underrepresented population of females within @entity72 .

title: Sex differences in multisensory speech processing in both @entity245 @entity1 and those on the XXXX spectrum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'typically developing']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous work has revealed sizeable deficits in the abilities of @entity1 with an @entity72 ( @entity72 ) to integrate auditory and visual speech signals, with clear implications for social communication in this population. There is a strong male preponderance in @entity72 , with approximately four affected males for every female. The presence of sex differences in @entity72 symptoms suggests a sexual dimorphism in the @entity72 phenotype, and raises the question of whether this dimorphism extends to @entity72 traits in the neurotypical population. Here, we investigated possible sexual dimorphism in multisensory speech integration in both @entity72 and neurotypical individuals. METHODS: We assessed whether males and females differed in their ability to benefit from visual speech when target words were presented under varying levels of signal-to-noise, in samples of neurotypical @entity1 and adults, and in @entity1 diagnosed with an @entity72 . RESULTS: In @entity245 ( @entity245 ) @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity72 , females (n = 47 and n = 15, respectively) were significantly superior in their ability to recognize words under audiovisual listening conditions compared to males (n = 55 and n = 58, respectively). This sex difference was absent in our sample of neurotypical adults (n = 28 females; n = 28 males). CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the development of audiovisual integration is delayed in male relative to female @entity1 , a delay that is also observed in @entity72 . In neurotypicals, these sex differences disappear in early adulthood when females approach their performance maximum and males "catch up." Our findings underline the importance of considering sex differences in the search for @entity2438 endophenotypes and strongly encourage increased efforts to study the underrepresented population of females within @entity72 .

title: Sex differences in multisensory speech processing in both XXXX @entity1 and those on the @entity2438 spectrum.

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['typically developing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous work has revealed sizeable deficits in the abilities of @entity1 with an @entity72 ( @entity72 ) to integrate auditory and visual speech signals, with clear implications for social communication in this population. There is a strong male preponderance in @entity72 , with approximately four affected males for every female. The presence of sex differences in @entity72 symptoms suggests a sexual dimorphism in the @entity72 phenotype, and raises the question of whether this dimorphism extends to @entity72 traits in the neurotypical population. Here, we investigated possible sexual dimorphism in multisensory speech integration in both @entity72 and neurotypical individuals. METHODS: We assessed whether males and females differed in their ability to benefit from visual speech when target words were presented under varying levels of signal-to-noise, in samples of neurotypical @entity1 and adults, and in @entity1 diagnosed with an @entity72 . RESULTS: In @entity245 ( @entity245 ) @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity72 , females (n = 47 and n = 15, respectively) were significantly superior in their ability to recognize words under audiovisual listening conditions compared to males (n = 55 and n = 58, respectively). This sex difference was absent in our sample of neurotypical adults (n = 28 females; n = 28 males). CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the development of audiovisual integration is delayed in male relative to female @entity1 , a delay that is also observed in @entity72 . In neurotypicals, these sex differences disappear in early adulthood when females approach their performance maximum and males "catch up." Our findings underline the importance of considering sex differences in the search for @entity2438 endophenotypes and strongly encourage increased efforts to study the underrepresented population of females within @entity72 .

title: Sex differences in multisensory speech processing in both @entity245 XXXX and those on the @entity2438 spectrum.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Morphological changes of recent small subcortical @entity1188 are not well defined. The purpose of the present study was to describe the MRI characteristics of the evolution for this @entity64 subtype. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of @entity1 diagnosed with definite supratentorial recent small subcortical @entity1188 according to the ASCO classification with baseline and follow-up MRI (>= 90   days of @entity64 onset). We investigated the incidence of @entity6675 formation, the @entity1188 volume change, and the positional relationship between @entity4798 and preexisting @entity62 ( @entity62 ) of presumed vascular origin. RESULTS: We identified 62 @entity1 with a median age of 71   years (range: 30-87). Median follow-up period was 26   months (range: 3-99). @entity6675 formation was observed in 38 @entity4798 (61%). Eighteen lesions (29%) were partially adjacent to @entity62 and 7 (11%) were fused into @entity62 . In a multiple logistic regression analysis, age [odds ratio per 5-year increase: 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.80; p   =   0.03] and baseline @entity1188 volume (odds ratio @entity307 -ml increase: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.6-19.7; p   =   0.003) were independent predictors of @entity6675 formation. There was a significant volume reduction between baseline and follow-up @entity4798 (median volume reduction rate: 44%). CONCLUSION: More than one-third of recent small subcortical @entity1188 do not lead to @entity6675 formation and 40% of @entity4798 overlap with @entity62 . Our data indicate the continuity between recent small subcortical @entity1188 and @entity62 .

title: MRI Characteristics of the Evolution of Supratentorial Recent Small Subcortical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['infarct lesions']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['cavity', 'Cavity']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMHs', 'white matter hyperintensities']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Infarcts']


abstract: @entity16 in 16 lateral retinacula excised at the time of Insall proximal realignments or isolated lateral retinacular releases performed in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity4518 was evaluated by means of conventional histology and immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses. A relationship between clinical and histologic findings was found. An increase in the proportion of innervated tissue was correlated with @entity4518 . We found a significant relationship between total neural area and @entity158 . The group with moderate @entity158 had the highest number of nerves and the highest neural area. In reference to total neural area and @entity158 , there was a significant difference only between the @entity1 with moderate @entity158 and those with light @entity158 , but not between @entity1 with severe @entity158 and those with moderate @entity158 . The group with severe @entity158 also showed a high neural area, although with a lower number of nerves. The severe- @entity158 group had the largest nerves (24% of nerve fibers surpassing 25 microns diameter) in a zonal disposition, in which there were groups of nerve fibers in some fields and no nerve fibers in others. The group with moderate @entity158 had an increase in medium and small nerve fibers (mean diameter, 18 microns), predominantly of tiny perivascular fibers. Moreover, we believe that instability in @entity1 with @entity4518 can be explained in part because of @entity3325 due to @entity16 .

title: Quantitative analysis of nerve changes in the lateral retinaculum in @entity1 with isolated symptomatic XXXX . A preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity3325 :: ('MESH:D020886', 'Disease') :: ['loss of proprioception']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neural damage', 'neural damage']

entities_list: @entity4518 :: ('MESH:D046788', 'Disease') :: ['patellofemoral malalignment', 'anterior knee pain syndrome']

answer: @entity4518 :: (MESH:D046788,Disease) :: ['patellofemoral malalignment']


abstract: @entity16 in 16 lateral retinacula excised at the time of Insall proximal realignments or isolated lateral retinacular releases performed in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity4518 was evaluated by means of conventional histology and immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses. A relationship between clinical and histologic findings was found. An increase in the proportion of innervated tissue was correlated with @entity4518 . We found a significant relationship between total neural area and @entity158 . The group with moderate @entity158 had the highest number of nerves and the highest neural area. In reference to total neural area and @entity158 , there was a significant difference only between the @entity1 with moderate @entity158 and those with light @entity158 , but not between @entity1 with severe @entity158 and those with moderate @entity158 . The group with severe @entity158 also showed a high neural area, although with a lower number of nerves. The severe- @entity158 group had the largest nerves (24% of nerve fibers surpassing 25 microns diameter) in a zonal disposition, in which there were groups of nerve fibers in some fields and no nerve fibers in others. The group with moderate @entity158 had an increase in medium and small nerve fibers (mean diameter, 18 microns), predominantly of tiny perivascular fibers. Moreover, we believe that instability in @entity1 with @entity4518 can be explained in part because of @entity3325 due to @entity16 .

title: Quantitative analysis of nerve changes in the lateral retinaculum in XXXX with isolated symptomatic @entity4518 . A preliminary study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RASi) lowers blood pressure, reduces cardiovascular outcomes and blunts the progressive course of @entity454 . This narrative article summarizes why the hypothesis came up that more complete RASi with two different agents should be more beneficial compared with one agent and how this hypothesis was deflated in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). RECENT FINDINGS: The hypothesis was based on experimental findings and surrogate endpoints in @entity1 , namely lowering of blood pressure and reduction of @entity644 . Three large RCTs in @entity1 with @entity731 or in @entity2316 randomized almost 40000 @entity1 . RASi with one agent was compared with RASi with two agents. All three RCTs ruled out benefits of dual RASi on major cardiovascular outcomes and reported substantial adverse effects of dual RASi. The latter included @entity4144 , @entity810 , symptomatic @entity551 and @entity1163 . There was also no substantial advantage of dual over monotherapy on decline in kidney function. In one RCT, there was a hint of nonsustained, early benefit on kidney outcomes with dual therapy. SUMMARY: Outside @entity712 , RASi with two agents is not indicated to treat @entity101 because of substantial safety concerns and lack of benefit on major @entity65 .

title: Dual renin-angiotensin system blockade and outcome benefits in XXXX : a narrative review.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and kidney outcomes']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure and of chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: We examined the relationship between apoptosis and the progression of @entity1 @entity356 . Studies were conducted on a total of 88 surgically removed stomachs, comprising 26 minute (less than 5 mm in diameter), 29 early (limited to the mucosal and submucosal layer) and 33 advanced @entity189 . Apoptotic cells were visualized by @entity10730 ( @entity10730 )-mediated @entity1977 -digoxigenin nick end labelling (TUNEL). Serial sections were immunostained for @entity876 and Ki-67. The mean apoptotic indices (AI: percentage of TUNEL signal positive cells) of minute, early, and advanced @entity189 were 4.1 +/- 0.6, 3.8 +/- 1.2, and 4.0 +/- 1.2 in 46 well differentiated @entity189 , and 2.1 +/- 0.5, 2.7 +/- 0.9, and 2.2 +/- 1.1 in 42 poorly differentiated @entity189 , respectively. Similarly, the mean Ki-67 labelling indices (KI) were 39.2 +/- 7.8, 47.2 +/- 12.8, 52.6 +/- 13.1 in the former, and 35.0 +/- 9.3, 36.9 +/- 10.3, and 40.0 +/- 9.2 in the latter, respectively. Both mean AI and mean KI were significantly higher in well differentiated than in poorly differentiated @entity189 (P < 0.05). However, the value of mean AI did not differ among minute, early, and advanced @entity189 in either histological type, while KI increased gradually with @entity5 progression. The frequency of nuclear @entity876 expression did not differ among the three categories, implying that the gene mutation is an early event in @entity356 . There was no statistical significance between nuclear @entity876 expression and mean AI. These results suggest that the progression of @entity356 is defined by a gradual increase of proliferative activity and constant occurrence of apoptosis and that naturally occurring apoptosis is induced predominantly via a @entity876 -gene-independent pathway.

title: Frequent occurrence of apoptosis is an early event in the oncogenesis of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10730 :: ('1791', 'Gene') :: ['terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase', 'TdT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: We examined the relationship between apoptosis and the progression of @entity1 @entity356 . Studies were conducted on a total of 88 surgically removed stomachs, comprising 26 minute (less than 5 mm in diameter), 29 early (limited to the mucosal and submucosal layer) and 33 advanced @entity189 . Apoptotic cells were visualized by @entity10730 ( @entity10730 )-mediated @entity1977 -digoxigenin nick end labelling (TUNEL). Serial sections were immunostained for @entity876 and Ki-67. The mean apoptotic indices (AI: percentage of TUNEL signal positive cells) of minute, early, and advanced @entity189 were 4.1 +/- 0.6, 3.8 +/- 1.2, and 4.0 +/- 1.2 in 46 well differentiated @entity189 , and 2.1 +/- 0.5, 2.7 +/- 0.9, and 2.2 +/- 1.1 in 42 poorly differentiated @entity189 , respectively. Similarly, the mean Ki-67 labelling indices (KI) were 39.2 +/- 7.8, 47.2 +/- 12.8, 52.6 +/- 13.1 in the former, and 35.0 +/- 9.3, 36.9 +/- 10.3, and 40.0 +/- 9.2 in the latter, respectively. Both mean AI and mean KI were significantly higher in well differentiated than in poorly differentiated @entity189 (P < 0.05). However, the value of mean AI did not differ among minute, early, and advanced @entity189 in either histological type, while KI increased gradually with @entity5 progression. The frequency of nuclear @entity876 expression did not differ among the three categories, implying that the gene mutation is an early event in @entity356 . There was no statistical significance between nuclear @entity876 expression and mean AI. These results suggest that the progression of @entity356 is defined by a gradual increase of proliferative activity and constant occurrence of apoptosis and that naturally occurring apoptosis is induced predominantly via a @entity876 -gene-independent pathway.

title: Frequent occurrence of apoptosis is an early event in the oncogenesis of XXXX @entity356 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1082 ) predisposes 500   000 @entity1 to @entity5 . Host genetic background may facilitate virus persistence in the uterine cervix. Polymorphisms in regulatory and coding regions of cytokine genes have been associated with susceptibility to some @entity1 diseases. AIM: This study aims at investigating whether @entity310 @entity15646 and @entity8923 @entity43377 and @entity43376 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to @entity1083 /progression to @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two HPV infected and 132 HPV negative @entity1 (the latter used as healthy controls) were analysed. @entity310 @entity15646 and @entity8923 ( @entity43377 and @entity43376 ) polymorphisms were analysed using specific sequence polymorphism PCR (SSP-PCR). Univariate statistical analysis and a logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: The @entity310 -308A allele was associated with susceptibility to @entity1083 (p   =   0.0008), while the @entity8923 -607A allele conferred protection against @entity1083 (p   =   0.0043). @entity310 @entity15646 and @entity8923 ( @entity43377 and @entity43376 ) polymorphisms were not associated with development of @entity75 (p   >   0.05). An association was also observed between smoking and susceptibility to the development of @entity2784 . CONCLUSION: The findings suggest an association between two @entity310 SNPs and susceptibility to @entity1083 in @entity1 from Northeast Brazil. The results need to be functionally validated and replicated in other populations with different ethnic backgrounds.

title: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL) 18 genes polymorphisms are correlated with susceptibility to @entity1083 in XXXX with and without cervical @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human Papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['HSIL', 'high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1082 ) predisposes 500   000 @entity1 to @entity5 . Host genetic background may facilitate virus persistence in the uterine cervix. Polymorphisms in regulatory and coding regions of cytokine genes have been associated with susceptibility to some @entity1 diseases. AIM: This study aims at investigating whether @entity310 @entity15646 and @entity8923 @entity43377 and @entity43376 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to @entity1083 /progression to @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two HPV infected and 132 HPV negative @entity1 (the latter used as healthy controls) were analysed. @entity310 @entity15646 and @entity8923 ( @entity43377 and @entity43376 ) polymorphisms were analysed using specific sequence polymorphism PCR (SSP-PCR). Univariate statistical analysis and a logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: The @entity310 -308A allele was associated with susceptibility to @entity1083 (p   =   0.0008), while the @entity8923 -607A allele conferred protection against @entity1083 (p   =   0.0043). @entity310 @entity15646 and @entity8923 ( @entity43377 and @entity43376 ) polymorphisms were not associated with development of @entity75 (p   >   0.05). An association was also observed between smoking and susceptibility to the development of @entity2784 . CONCLUSION: The findings suggest an association between two @entity310 SNPs and susceptibility to @entity1083 in @entity1 from Northeast Brazil. The results need to be functionally validated and replicated in other populations with different ethnic backgrounds.

title: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL) 18 genes polymorphisms are correlated with susceptibility to XXXX in @entity1 with and without cervical @entity75 .

answer: @entity1083 :: (MESH:D030361,Disease) :: ['HPV infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1082 ) predisposes 500   000 @entity1 to @entity5 . Host genetic background may facilitate virus persistence in the uterine cervix. Polymorphisms in regulatory and coding regions of cytokine genes have been associated with susceptibility to some @entity1 diseases. AIM: This study aims at investigating whether @entity310 @entity15646 and @entity8923 @entity43377 and @entity43376 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to @entity1083 /progression to @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two HPV infected and 132 HPV negative @entity1 (the latter used as healthy controls) were analysed. @entity310 @entity15646 and @entity8923 ( @entity43377 and @entity43376 ) polymorphisms were analysed using specific sequence polymorphism PCR (SSP-PCR). Univariate statistical analysis and a logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: The @entity310 -308A allele was associated with susceptibility to @entity1083 (p   =   0.0008), while the @entity8923 -607A allele conferred protection against @entity1083 (p   =   0.0043). @entity310 @entity15646 and @entity8923 ( @entity43377 and @entity43376 ) polymorphisms were not associated with development of @entity75 (p   >   0.05). An association was also observed between smoking and susceptibility to the development of @entity2784 . CONCLUSION: The findings suggest an association between two @entity310 SNPs and susceptibility to @entity1083 in @entity1 from Northeast Brazil. The results need to be functionally validated and replicated in other populations with different ethnic backgrounds.

title: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL) 18 genes polymorphisms are correlated with susceptibility to @entity1083 in @entity1 with and without cervical XXXX .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['intraepithelial lesion']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Ceramic restorations are frequently being placed due to the esthetic demand and the cost of noble metals that has increased considerably. One major disadvantage of ceramic restoration is failure of the material due to @entity174 by crack propagation. In  vitro studies are of little clinical significance and in  vivo studies are too short to support clinical success. PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the failure rate of @entity1091 disilicate restorations (monolithic and layered) at 4 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected over 45 months from 2 commercial laboratories. Restorations were categorized into monolithic restorations and layered restorations. Each category was further classified into complete coverage single crowns, fixed dental prostheses, e.max veneers, and inlay/onlay restorations. Failure rates were compared and analyzed using Chi-square (a=.05). RESULTS: A total of 21   340 restorations were evaluated in this study and included 15   802 monolithic restorations and 5538 layered restorations. The failure rate for single crown monolithic restorations was 0.91% and was 1.83% for single crown layered restorations. For fixed dental prostheses, 4.55% of monolithic restorations failed. For e.max veneers, 1.3% of monolithic veneers fractured and 1.53% of layered veneers fractured. Of the inlay/onlay restorations group, 1.01% of monolithic restorations fractured. CONCLUSION: In the short term (45 months), restorations fabricated with the @entity1091 disilicate material ( @entity3465 e.max) had relatively low @entity174 rates. Layered single crowns fractured at approximately 2 times the rate of monolithic crowns.

title: Survival rate of XXXX disilicate restorations at 4 years: A retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purposes of this study is first, to investigate intensive care @entity1 ' perceptions of stressors; second, to investigate the health care provider's perception of what constitutes a stressor from the @entity1 's perspective; and third, to describe how health care providers manage their @entity1 ' stressors. This was a mixed-methods study; the quantitative section replicated Cornock's 1998 study of stress in the @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ), with difference in sampling to include all health care providers in the @entity1213 , in addition to nurses. The qualitative section added information to the current literature by describing how health care providers manage their @entity1 's stressors. This article reports the quantitative findings of this study, as the qualitative section is presented in a separate article. BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE: It is important to describe @entity1213 @entity1 ' stressful experiences to assess @entity1 's stressors, provide holistic care to eliminate stressors, and provide feedback to health care providers. There is a need to describe the clinical practice related to stress perception and management of stressors in the critical care environment. METHODOLOGY: A mixed-methods comparative descriptive design was used for the quantitative section, and a phenomenological approach guided the qualitative section. Lazarus and Folkman's theory formed the bases for integrating all variables investigated in this study. The sample included 70 @entity1213 @entity1 and 70 @entity1213 health care providers. After consenting to participate in this study, subjects were given a demographic form and a paper-based tool, the Environmental Stressors graphic data form Questionnaire. Questionnaires were filled out by subjects anonymously in the @entity1213 and returned to the researcher in the same setting. FINDINGS: Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS data analysis software. The top 3 most stressful items ranked by the @entity1 included "being in @entity158 ," followed by "not being @entity25 "; on the other hand, health care providers perceived "being in @entity158 " followed by "not being able to communicate" and "not being in control of yourself" as the top 3 stressors perceived by their @entity1 . IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The findings of this study are crucial and may inform nursing assessments and care of the @entity1213 @entity1 . In addition, this information may encourage the @entity1213 staff to manipulate and redesign the @entity1213 environment to be less stressful. Also, the findings of this study guided the development of an @entity1213 stressor control policy.

title: XXXX ' and Health Care Providers' Perception of Stressors in the Intensive Care Units.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['able to sleep" and "financial worries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define optimal planning target volume ( @entity343 ) margins for intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)      knee-heel support (KHS) in @entity1 treated with adjuvant radiotherapy. METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) scans      KHS of 10 @entity1 were taken before and at 3rd and 5th week of treatment, fused and compared with initial IMRT plans. RESULTS: A @entity343 margin of 15  mm in anteroposterior (AP) and superoinferior (SI) directions and 5  mm in lateral directions were found to be adequate without any difference between      KHS except for the SI shifts in CTV-primary at the 3rd week. Five mm margin for iliac CTV was found to be inadequate in 10-20% of @entity1 in SI directions however when 7  mm margin was given for iliac @entity343 , it was found to be adequate. For presacral CTV, it was found that the most striking shift of the target volume was in the direction of AP. KHS caused significantly less volume of rectum and bladder in the treated volume. CONCLUSIONS: @entity343 margin of 15  mm in SI and AP, and 5  mm in lateral directions for CTV-primary were found to be adequate. A minimum of 7  mm @entity343 margin should be given to iliac CTV. The remarkable shifting in presacral CTV was believed to be due to the unforeseen hip malposition of @entity28 @entity1 . The KHS seems not to provide additional beneficial effect in decreasing the shifts both in CTV-primary and lymphatic, however it may have a beneficial effect of decreasing the OAR volume in @entity343 margins.

title: Determination of optimal planning target volume margins in XXXX with gynecological cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity13088 is characterized by reduced cardiac contractility due to direct changes in heart muscle function independent of @entity455 . An important contributor to @entity409 in the @entity6 state is an impaired sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function, leading to disturbed intracellular @entity460 handling. We investigated whether overexpression of the SR @entity460 pump ( @entity14571 ) in @entity19 could reduce the impact of @entity6 on the development of @entity296 . @entity6 was induced by @entity3839 injection (200 mg/kg), and left ventricular (LV) function was analyzed in isolated hearts 3 weeks later. In @entity6 hearts systolic LV pressure was decreased by 15% and maximum speed of relaxation (-dP/dt) by 34%. Functional changes were also assessed in isolated papillary muscles. Active force was reduced by 61% and maximum speed of relaxation by 65% in the @entity6 state. The contractile impairment was accompanied by a 30% decrease in @entity14571 protein in @entity6 @entity19 . We investigated whether increased @entity14571 expression in transgenic @entity14571 -overexpressing @entity19 could compensate for the @entity6 -induced decrease in cardiac function. Under normal conditions, @entity14571 overexpressors show improved contractile performance relative to @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 (-dP/dt: 3,169 vs. 2,559 mmHg/s, respectively). Measurement of LV function in hearts from @entity6 @entity14571 @entity19 revealed systolic and diastolic functions that were similar to @entity164 control @entity19 and markedly improved relative to @entity6 @entity164 @entity19 (-dP/dt: 2,534 vs. 1,690 mmHg/s in @entity6 @entity14571 vs. @entity6 @entity164 @entity19 , respectively). Similarly, the contractile behavior of isolated papillary muscles from @entity6 @entity14571 @entity19 was not different from that of control @entity19 . @entity14571 protein expression was higher (60%) in @entity6 @entity14571 @entity19 than @entity164 @entity6 @entity19 . These results indicate that overexpression of @entity14571 can protect @entity6 hearts from severe @entity409 , presumably by improving the @entity460 sequestration of the SR.

title: Overexpression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase improves myocardial contractility in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity13088 :: ('MESH:D058065', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity13088 :: (MESH:D058065,Disease) :: ['diabetic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Reproductive effects of 1,3 @entity21430 inhalation have been evaluated in male @entity19 by reduction of post-meiotic germ cells, alteration of sperm chromatin structure and transmission of chromosome aberrations to one-cell embryos. Animals were exposed for 5 consecutive days for 6 h per day to @entity21430 concentrations of 130, 500 or 1300 ppm. The testicular fraction of post-meiotic germ cells was measured by flow cytometric analysis on the basis of their DNA content. Round spermatids were discriminated from mature, elongated spermatids by their different degree of chromatin condensation. @entity21430 -induced cytotoxic effects on differentiating spermatogonia were shown by a concentration-dependent decrease of round spermatids occurring 21 days after chemical exposure, confirmed by a similar decrease of elongated spermatids measured in testes sampled 7 days later. Statistically significant effects were seen already at 130 ppm. An incomplete repopulation of the elongated spermatid compartment observed 35 days after exposure to 1300 ppm suggested that, at the highest concentration tested, @entity21430 @entity137 extended to stem cells. Alterations of sperm chromatin were revealed by its increased sensitivity to acidic denaturation in situ. The percentage of abnormal sperm was significantly increased after @entity21430 exposure of differentiating spermatogonia and spermatocytes. This suggested the induction of persistent effects interfering with chromatin remodelling during spermiogenesis. Chromosome-type structural aberrations were significantly elevated in first-cleavage embryos conceived by males mated during the first and second week after the end of exposure. The lowest effective tested concentration was 500 ppm, the same reported for dominant lethal induction under identical exposure conditions. As in the dominant lethal assay, the effect of this dose was confined to exposed sperm, while both sperm and late spermatids were affected by the inhalation of 1300 ppm. A quantitative comparison between the effects induced by intraperitoneal injections of @entity19644 or @entity21430 inhalations suggested that other reactive intermediates, in addition to @entity19644 , might contribute to mediate @entity21430 -induced reproductive @entity137 .

title: Reproductive XXXX of 1,3-butadiene in the @entity19 : cytogenetic analysis of chromosome aberrations in first-cleavage embryos and flow cytometric evaluation of spermatogonial cell killing.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity19644 :: ('MESH:C007366', 'Chemical') :: ['diepoxybutane']

entities_list: @entity21430 :: ('MESH:D002070', 'Chemical') :: ['Butadiene', 'butadiene']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Reproductive effects of 1,3 @entity21430 inhalation have been evaluated in male @entity19 by reduction of post-meiotic germ cells, alteration of sperm chromatin structure and transmission of chromosome aberrations to one-cell embryos. Animals were exposed for 5 consecutive days for 6 h per day to @entity21430 concentrations of 130, 500 or 1300 ppm. The testicular fraction of post-meiotic germ cells was measured by flow cytometric analysis on the basis of their DNA content. Round spermatids were discriminated from mature, elongated spermatids by their different degree of chromatin condensation. @entity21430 -induced cytotoxic effects on differentiating spermatogonia were shown by a concentration-dependent decrease of round spermatids occurring 21 days after chemical exposure, confirmed by a similar decrease of elongated spermatids measured in testes sampled 7 days later. Statistically significant effects were seen already at 130 ppm. An incomplete repopulation of the elongated spermatid compartment observed 35 days after exposure to 1300 ppm suggested that, at the highest concentration tested, @entity21430 @entity137 extended to stem cells. Alterations of sperm chromatin were revealed by its increased sensitivity to acidic denaturation in situ. The percentage of abnormal sperm was significantly increased after @entity21430 exposure of differentiating spermatogonia and spermatocytes. This suggested the induction of persistent effects interfering with chromatin remodelling during spermiogenesis. Chromosome-type structural aberrations were significantly elevated in first-cleavage embryos conceived by males mated during the first and second week after the end of exposure. The lowest effective tested concentration was 500 ppm, the same reported for dominant lethal induction under identical exposure conditions. As in the dominant lethal assay, the effect of this dose was confined to exposed sperm, while both sperm and late spermatids were affected by the inhalation of 1300 ppm. A quantitative comparison between the effects induced by intraperitoneal injections of @entity19644 or @entity21430 inhalations suggested that other reactive intermediates, in addition to @entity19644 , might contribute to mediate @entity21430 -induced reproductive @entity137 .

title: Reproductive @entity137 of 1,3-butadiene in the XXXX : cytogenetic analysis of chromosome aberrations in first-cleavage embryos and flow cytometric evaluation of spermatogonial cell killing.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The concept of therapeutic angiogenesis with @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) has been validated in peripheral @entity455 . Its use in @entity741 may be delayed as the result of the description in a porcine model of peripheral vasodilation after intraluminal injections of @entity6667 resulting in a 50% fatality rate by @entity551 . We carried out this study to test whether @entity6667 -induced @entity551 (1) is species specific, (2) is mediated by the receptor mediating angiogenesis, (3) is prevented by inhibition of @entity842 synthase. METHODS: In the @entity95 corneal pocket assay we tested whether a previously published anti-idiotypic antibody (AIA) agonist of the @entity6667 receptor @entity12186 / @entity51034 could elicit angiogenesis. Various doses of recombinant @entity6667 or AIA were injected into anesthetized normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 and the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was recorded. To test the implication of @entity842 in @entity6667 -induced @entity551 we treated the animals with a competitive inhibitor of @entity842 synthase prior to the injection of @entity6667 . RESULTS: Both @entity6667 and AIA induce angiogenesis but only intravenous injections of @entity6667 induced a rapid, transient and dose-dependent decrease in MABP. The ED50 was 0.5 micrograms. The interval between two @entity6667 injections required to lead to a decrease of MABP was 40 minutes. @entity842 synthesis inhibitor prevented, in a reversible fashion, the effect of @entity6667 . CONCLUSION: @entity6667 -induced @entity551 is not species specific. It is prevented by @entity842 inhibition. @entity6667 -induced angiogenesis and @entity551 are not mediated in vivo by the same @entity6667 receptor.

title: Activation of XXXX / @entity12186 mediates angiogenesis but not @entity551 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity12186 :: (25589(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Flk-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The concept of therapeutic angiogenesis with @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) has been validated in peripheral @entity455 . Its use in @entity741 may be delayed as the result of the description in a porcine model of peripheral vasodilation after intraluminal injections of @entity6667 resulting in a 50% fatality rate by @entity551 . We carried out this study to test whether @entity6667 -induced @entity551 (1) is species specific, (2) is mediated by the receptor mediating angiogenesis, (3) is prevented by inhibition of @entity842 synthase. METHODS: In the @entity95 corneal pocket assay we tested whether a previously published anti-idiotypic antibody (AIA) agonist of the @entity6667 receptor @entity12186 / @entity51034 could elicit angiogenesis. Various doses of recombinant @entity6667 or AIA were injected into anesthetized normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 and the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was recorded. To test the implication of @entity842 in @entity6667 -induced @entity551 we treated the animals with a competitive inhibitor of @entity842 synthase prior to the injection of @entity6667 . RESULTS: Both @entity6667 and AIA induce angiogenesis but only intravenous injections of @entity6667 induced a rapid, transient and dose-dependent decrease in MABP. The ED50 was 0.5 micrograms. The interval between two @entity6667 injections required to lead to a decrease of MABP was 40 minutes. @entity842 synthesis inhibitor prevented, in a reversible fashion, the effect of @entity6667 . CONCLUSION: @entity6667 -induced @entity551 is not species specific. It is prevented by @entity842 inhibition. @entity6667 -induced angiogenesis and @entity551 are not mediated in vivo by the same @entity6667 receptor.

title: Activation of @entity12186 / XXXX mediates angiogenesis but not @entity551 .

answer: @entity12186 :: (25589(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['KDR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The concept of therapeutic angiogenesis with @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) has been validated in peripheral @entity455 . Its use in @entity741 may be delayed as the result of the description in a porcine model of peripheral vasodilation after intraluminal injections of @entity6667 resulting in a 50% fatality rate by @entity551 . We carried out this study to test whether @entity6667 -induced @entity551 (1) is species specific, (2) is mediated by the receptor mediating angiogenesis, (3) is prevented by inhibition of @entity842 synthase. METHODS: In the @entity95 corneal pocket assay we tested whether a previously published anti-idiotypic antibody (AIA) agonist of the @entity6667 receptor @entity12186 / @entity51034 could elicit angiogenesis. Various doses of recombinant @entity6667 or AIA were injected into anesthetized normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 and the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was recorded. To test the implication of @entity842 in @entity6667 -induced @entity551 we treated the animals with a competitive inhibitor of @entity842 synthase prior to the injection of @entity6667 . RESULTS: Both @entity6667 and AIA induce angiogenesis but only intravenous injections of @entity6667 induced a rapid, transient and dose-dependent decrease in MABP. The ED50 was 0.5 micrograms. The interval between two @entity6667 injections required to lead to a decrease of MABP was 40 minutes. @entity842 synthesis inhibitor prevented, in a reversible fashion, the effect of @entity6667 . CONCLUSION: @entity6667 -induced @entity551 is not species specific. It is prevented by @entity842 inhibition. @entity6667 -induced angiogenesis and @entity551 are not mediated in vivo by the same @entity6667 receptor.

title: Activation of @entity12186 / @entity12186 mediates angiogenesis but not XXXX .

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Skin transplantation is a commonly used surgical technique; however, the complication rate, including @entity86 and delayed wound @entity446 due to inefficient perfusion, is significantly higher in @entity1 suffering from comorbidities. Hence, a subsequent repeat procedure is often necessary. In this report, two case studies are presented in which an @entity31997 -based antiseptic is used with a @entity7298 ( @entity7298 ) instead of @entity4279 ( @entity4279 ), following a split-thickness skin graft. The two @entity1 selected were deemed to be at high risk of @entity73 due to comorbidities. The first @entity1 , a confirmed smoker with @entity6 , presented with a @entity320 that was resected and covered with a split-thickness skin graft. After 5 days of negative pressure wound therapy as a @entity7298 , in combination with @entity4279 , the graft became @entity39 . A second split-thickness skin graft was performed and an antiseptic regimen with @entity31997 in combination with the same @entity7298 resulted in a completely healed transplant. The second @entity1 , also a confirmed smoker with @entity6 and receiving oral @entity228 treatment, was diagnosed with a @entity39 on her leg. Following the split-thickness skin graft, @entity31997 and @entity7298 were applied. The @entity1 's skin graft completely healed without any adverse events. These two case studies indicate that the combination of @entity31997 and @entity7298 following split-thickness skin transplantation is safe, well-tolerated and appears to have positive benefits in the reconstruction of defects in @entity1 with @entity73 .

title: Outcomes for split-thickness skin transplantation in high-risk @entity1 using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity31997 :: ('MESH:C034213', 'Chemical') :: ['octenidine']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['TOD', 'tie-over dressing']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired wound healing']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone iodine', 'PVP-iodine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['nodular melanoma']

answer: @entity31997 :: (MESH:C034213,Chemical) :: ['octenidine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Skin transplantation is a commonly used surgical technique; however, the complication rate, including @entity86 and delayed wound @entity446 due to inefficient perfusion, is significantly higher in @entity1 suffering from comorbidities. Hence, a subsequent repeat procedure is often necessary. In this report, two case studies are presented in which an @entity31997 -based antiseptic is used with a @entity7298 ( @entity7298 ) instead of @entity4279 ( @entity4279 ), following a split-thickness skin graft. The two @entity1 selected were deemed to be at high risk of @entity73 due to comorbidities. The first @entity1 , a confirmed smoker with @entity6 , presented with a @entity320 that was resected and covered with a split-thickness skin graft. After 5 days of negative pressure wound therapy as a @entity7298 , in combination with @entity4279 , the graft became @entity39 . A second split-thickness skin graft was performed and an antiseptic regimen with @entity31997 in combination with the same @entity7298 resulted in a completely healed transplant. The second @entity1 , also a confirmed smoker with @entity6 and receiving oral @entity228 treatment, was diagnosed with a @entity39 on her leg. Following the split-thickness skin graft, @entity31997 and @entity7298 were applied. The @entity1 's skin graft completely healed without any adverse events. These two case studies indicate that the combination of @entity31997 and @entity7298 following split-thickness skin transplantation is safe, well-tolerated and appears to have positive benefits in the reconstruction of defects in @entity1 with @entity73 .

title: Outcomes for split-thickness skin transplantation in high-risk XXXX using @entity31997 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1902 remains a leading cause of childhood morbidity. OBJECTIVE: Because prior reviews have focused on isolated symptoms and studies conducted in developing countries, this study focused on interventions commonly considered for use in developed countries. Intervention specific, @entity1 -centered outcomes were selected. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, trial registries, grey literature, and scientific meetings. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials, conducted in developed countries, of @entity1 aged <18 years, with @entity1902 , performed in emergency department or outpatient settings which evaluated oral rehydration therapy (ORT), antiemetics, probiotics or intravenous fluid administration rate. DATA EXTRACTION: The study was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the PRISMA guidelines. Data were independently extracted by multiple investigators. Analyses employed random effects models. RESULTS: 31 trials (4,444 @entity1 ) were included. ORT: Compared with intravenous rehydration, hospitalization (RR 0.80, 95%CI 0.24, 2.71) and emergency department return visits (RR 0.86, 95%CI 0.39, 1.89) were similar. Antiemetics: Fewer @entity1 administered an antiemetic required intravenous rehydration (RR 0.40, 95%CI 0.26, 0.60) While the data could not be meta-analyzed, three studies reported that @entity3974 administration does increase the frequency of @entity294 . Probiotics: No studies reported on the primary outcome, three studies evaluated hospitalization within 7 days (RR 0.87, 95%CI 0.25, 2.98). Rehydration: No difference in length of stay was identified for rapid vs. standard intravenous or nasogastric rehydration. A single study found that 5% dextrose in normal saline reduced hospitalizations compared with normal saline alone (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53, 0.92). CONCLUSIONS: There is a paucity of @entity1 -centered outcome evidence to support many interventions. Since ORT is a low-cost, non-invasive intervention, it should continue to be used. Routine probiotic use cannot be endorsed at this time in outpatient @entity1 with @entity1902 . Despite some evidence that ondansetron administration increases @entity294 frequency, emergency department use leads to reductions in intravenous rehydration and hospitalization. No benefits were associated with ondansetron use following emergency department discharge.

title: XXXX Therapies in Developed Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis', 'Gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['Gastroenteritis']


abstract: @entity1207 is a distinct clinical entity that differs from other pulmonary symptoms such as @entity56 , @entity55 , or @entity55 by various infectious agents. Recent research has supported the mechanism of cellular interaction between lung parenchymal cells and circulating immune cells mediated through a variety of cytokines including proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and profibrotic cytokines. Identifying reliable biomarkers for @entity1207 will allow us to identify individuals at risk for @entity55 before or during the early stage of therapy. Prospective blood sampling, scoring of respiratory symptoms, and chest imaging were conducted for @entity1 receiving thoracic radiotherapy for @entity5 . Serial plasma specimens were analyzed for circulating cytokine changes before, during, and up to 12 weeks after radiation. @entity1207 was diagnosed using National @entity5 Institute (NCI) common @entity137 criteria. Cytokine analysis was assayed for @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ), @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), @entity4105 , @entity1196 , @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), and @entity540 ( @entity540 ) using enzyme linked immmunosorbant assay (ELISA). Twenty-four @entity1 had clinical follow-up longer than 12 months after radiotherapy. Thirteen had symptomatic @entity55 (NCI grade 2). The peak incidence of symptoms was between 6 and 13 weeks after radiotherapy. Six @entity1 had only radiographic infiltrates (NCI grade 1). Five @entity1 did not have clinical or radiographic @entity55 . Both @entity1192 and @entity650 levels were significantly higher before, during, and after radiotherapy for those who had @entity55 . The pattern of changes of @entity2842 , @entity4105 , @entity1196 , @entity2533 , and @entity540 varied, but none of these cytokines correlated with @entity1207 . Analysis of a panel of circulating cytokines with different putative functions in radiation @entity651 identified @entity1192 and @entity650 as early circulating cytokine markers for @entity1207 .

title: XXXX and early circulatory cytokine markers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'pneumonitis', 'chemical pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary injury']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemotactic protein 1']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['Radiation pneumonitis', 'radiation pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1192 :: ('3552', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 1alpha', 'IL-1alpha']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor beta1']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

answer: @entity1207 :: (MESH:D017564,Disease) :: ['Radiation pneumonitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has @entity85 when carried out with muscle relaxants under general anesthesia. However, @entity410 quality can be affected by the depth of anesthesia and choice of anesthetic agent. The purpose of this study was to describe a general anesthetic technique for ECT by using laryngeal mask, bispectral index (BIS), and muscle relaxant monitoring. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 , between ages 18 and 70 years (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III), who underwent a total of 89 sessions of ECT were examined in a retrospective study. Anesthesia was induced by use of @entity1875 (1.0 mg/kg) followed by @entity2897 (0.2 mg/kg). The BIS, train-of-four, and end-tidal @entity544 were all monitored continuously. A laryngeal mask airway was used to maintain and protect the airway during the procedure. Electroconvulsive therapy stimuli were applied bilaterally when the train-of-four was assessed as being zero and BIS scores were 70. All @entity1 then received 5  g @entity681 and 2 mg @entity1363 , while titrated to maintain the BIS value at 40 to 50, before the muscle relaxation exhibited complete recovery. RESULTS: The mean duration of treatment process takes approximately 82.5 minutes. Mean (SD) @entity410 length was 58.8 (28.3) seconds, with 4.5% incidence of restimulation per treatment. Incidence of awareness was 0%. No @entity1 exhibited @entity933 , @entity390 , @entity391 , or @entity925 in the postseizure phase. CONCLUSIONS: Bispectral index monitoring of the depth of anesthesia may have improved @entity410 quality, and awareness did not occur.

title: Electroconvulsive Therapy Under General Anesthesia With XXXX , Laryngeal Mask Airways, and Bispectral Index.

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['dramatically reduced musculoskeletal complications']

entities_list: @entity2897 :: ('MESH:C101584', 'Chemical') :: ['cisatracurium']

answer: @entity2897 :: (MESH:C101584,Chemical) :: ['Cisatracurium']


abstract: The incidence of @entity42 in the general population is difficult to estimate. Certain cysts are functional and generally not operated, except in case of complications. Others are organic cysts which are usually, but not always operated. Data is available only from surgical series or pathology reports. An analysis of the literature shows that for operated cysts, approximately 75% are organic, 25% are function and 1 to 4% of the supposed benign cysts are found to be malignant. In France, the PMSI database on public and private institutions is available on the net (www.le-pmsi.fr). The number of hospital stays for @entity43 or @entity42 was to the order of 45,000 in 1998 and 1999. Twenty-one percent of these @entity1 were discharged without surgery. Most had a functional @entity43 . This leaves 32,000 @entity1 who underwent surgery annually for an @entity42 . Nearly 7000 @entity1 were hospitalized for follicular or yellow body cysts, i.e. 15%, with an incidence of 29/100,000 @entity1 over the age of 15 years. The abstention rate for hospitalized @entity1 with a follicular cyst or a yellow body cyst was 30 to 40%. For @entity46 , there were 5218 hospitalizations in 1999 (2137 in the public hospitals and 3081 in private clinics) (11% of the hospitalizations). The rate of abstention was 11% (15% in the public hospitals and 8% in private clinics). Approximately 4100 @entity1 thus underwent surgery, including 13% for @entity42 . According to data in the literature, serous and mucinous cysts account for 20 to 30% of the operated cysts and @entity48 for 10 to 20%. The type of cyst cannot be identified with the international WHO classification used in the PMSI.

title: [Epidemiology of apparently benign XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['benign ovarian tumors', 'cyst of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst', 'ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioma']

answer: @entity42 :: (MESH:D010048,Disease) :: ['ovarian cysts']


abstract: Social support in couples often occurs during conversations and is an important predictor of positive outcomes in @entity1 with @entity0 . Even though talking about @entity5 may be upsetting, vocally expressed emotional arousal and its association with social support have not been examined. The goal of this study was to examine the role of vocally encoded emotional arousal and social support behaviors in 129 German and American couples, assessed at baseline of clinical trials for @entity1 with @entity0 and their male partners. Range of fundamental frequency was used as a measure of expressed emotional arousal during videotaped interactions in which the @entity1 shared @entity5 -related concerns. Social support behaviors were assessed as specific social support behaviors at the talk-turn level (positive, neutral, and negative) and broader communication behaviors also relevant to social support at the global level (depth and articulation, caring, quality of communication) using the Social Support Interaction Coding System (Bradbury _ Pasch, 1994). Data were analyzed using actor-partner interdependence models. @entity1 displayed more positive, fewer neutral support-receiving behaviors, and greater depth and articulation if their own emotional arousal was higher. @entity1 also displayed more neutral and (at the trend level) fewer positive support-receiving behaviors if their partners' emotional arousal was higher. @entity1 's behaviors were not associated with their own or @entity1 's emotional arousal. Results indicate that it may be adaptive for @entity1 with @entity5 to openly experience their distress during social support conversations with their partners; high emotional arousal of the partners may interfere with this process.

title: Emotional arousal predicts observed social support in German and American couples talking about XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The recently extinct (ca. 1768) Steller's sea @entity291 (Hydrodamalis gigas) was a large, edentulous North Pacific sirenian. The phylogenetic affinities of this taxon to other members of this clade, living and extinct, are uncertain based on previous morphological and molecular studies. We employed hybridization capture methods and second generation sequencing technology to obtain >30kb of exon sequences from 26 nuclear genes for both H. gigas and @entity41904 . We also obtained complete coding sequences for the tooth-related enamelin (ENAM) gene. Hybridization probes designed using @entity41904 and manatee sequences were both highly effective in retrieving sequences from H. gigas (mean=98.8% coverage), as were more divergent probes for regions of ENAM (99.0% coverage) that were designed exclusively from a proboscidean (African @entity7105 ) and a hyracoid ( @entity48237 ). New sequences were combined with available sequences for representatives of all other afrotherian orders. We also expanded a previously published morphological matrix for living and fossil Sirenia by adding both new taxa and nine new postcranial characters. Maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses of the molecular data provide robust support for an association of H. gigas and @entity41904 to the exclusion of living trichechids (manatees). Parsimony analyses of the morphological data also support the inclusion of H. gigas in Dugongidae with @entity41904 and fossil dugongids. Timetree analyses based on calibration density approaches with hard- and soft-bounded constraints suggest that H. gigas and @entity41904 diverged in the Oligocene and that crown sirenians last shared a common ancestor in the Eocene. The coding sequence for the ENAM gene in H. gigas does not contain frameshift mutations or stop codons, but there is a transversion mutation (AG to CG) in the acceptor splice site of intron 2. This disruption in the edentulous Steller's sea @entity291 is consistent with previous studies that have documented inactivating mutations in tooth-specific loci of a variety of edentulous and enamelless vertebrates including birds, turtles, @entity22418 , pangolins, xenarthrans, and baleen whales. Further, branch-site dN/dS analyses provide evidence for positive selection in ENAM on the stem dugongid branch where extensive tooth reduction occurred, followed by neutral evolution on the Hydrodamalis branch. Finally, we present a synthetic evolutionary tree for living and fossil sirenians showing several key innovations in the history of this clade including character state changes that parallel those that occurred in the evolutionary history of cetaceans.

title: Interordinal gene capture, the phylogenetic position of Steller's sea XXXX based on molecular and morphological data, and the macroevolutionary history of Sirenia.

entities_list: @entity41904 :: ('29137', 'Species') :: ['Dugong dugon', 'dugong', 'D. dugon']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Biochar has sorption capacity, and can be used to enhance the sequestration of volatile organic contaminants such as pesticides in soil. @entity46432 ( @entity306 ) is an important soil fumigant for the production of many fruit and vegetable crops, but its emissions must be minimized to reduce exposure risks and air pollution. The objective of this study was to determine the capacity of biochar to adsorb @entity306 and the effect of biochar amendments to soil on @entity306 emission, concentration in the soil gas phase, degradation in soil and @entity306 bioactivity for controlling soil borne pests. @entity306 emission and concentration in the soil air phase were measured from packed soil columns after fumigant injection at 20-cm depth and application of selected doses of biocharto the surface 5 cm soil. Laboratory incubation and fumigation experiments were conducted to determine the capacity of biochar to adsorb @entity306 , the effects on @entity306 degradation and, separately, @entity306 's bioactivity on soil borne pests in soil amended with biochar. Biochar amendment at 2% to 5% (w/w) greatly reduced total @entity306 emission losses by 85.7% - 97.7% compared to fumigation without biochar. @entity306 concentrations in the soil gas-phase, especially in the top 5 cm of soil, were reduced within 48 h following application. The half-life of @entity306 decreased from 13.6 h to 6.4 h as the biochar rate increased from 0% to 5%. @entity306 and its metabolite ( @entity70690 ) both degraded more rapidly in pure biochar than in soil. The biochar used in the present study had a maximum adsorption capacity for @entity306 of less than 5 mg g-1. There were no negative effects on pathogen and @entity2199 control when the biochar used in this study was less than 1% (on a weight basis) in soil. Biochar amendment to soil reduced the emissions of @entity306 . @entity306 concentrations in the top 5 cm of soil gas-phase were reduced. @entity306 degradation was accelerated with the addition of biochar. The biochar used in the present study had a low adsorption capacity for @entity306 . There were no negative effects on pathogen and @entity2199 control when the biochar amendment rate was less than 1% (by weight). The findings would be useful for establishing guidelines for biochar use in soil fumigation.

title: XXXX Emission Reduction by Soil Amendment with Biochar.

entities_list: @entity70690 :: ('MESH:C547302', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloronitromethane']

entities_list: @entity46432 :: ('MESH:C100187', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloropicrin']

answer: @entity46432 :: (MESH:C100187,Chemical) :: ['Chloropicrin']


abstract: @entity322 ( @entity322 ) is a disability caused by an impairment, which can lead to a handicap of importance for nursing care. This means that @entity322 is not only a practical-medical concern but also a socio-economic problem. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of @entity322 among 65 year-olds in a Swedish Health Care District and to compare gender differences concerning medical history and psychosocial consequences. In a Primary Health Care District, a questionnaire pertaining to @entity322 was mailed to all @entity1 and @entity1 65 years of age (N = 458). A total of 91% (n = 419) was sufficient for data analysis, which was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that 28% (n = 61) of the @entity1 and 9% (n = 21) of the @entity1 were afflicted with @entity322 . @entity1 reported significantly more urge incontinence (p < .05) as well as @entity3142 (p < .05). Information from the health service about @entity322 had been given to 46% (n = 28) of the @entity1 and 33% (n = 7) of the @entity1 . The strongest reason reported, both in @entity1 (42%, n = 26) and @entity1 (40%, n = 8), for not seeking help from the health service was that @entity322 was a normal condition for @entity1 of their age. Most of the @entity1 had to urinate at least twice per night (42%) compared to once per night (44%) for the @entity1 . It is important to establish a @entity322 clinic at every main Primary Health Care Centre which builds on nursing care and whose aim is to inform the general public that @entity322 is a common problem, that it leads to psychosocial consequences, and that the health service can offer active rehabilitation interventions.

title: XXXX among a 65-year old Swedish population: medical history and psychosocial consequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['UI', 'Urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['Urinary incontinence']


abstract: The effect of drugs for @entity3621 and @entity2275 (ecabet @entity1372 , @entity5887 , @entity13736 , and @entity70691 ) on the secretion of mucin-like glycoproteins from @entity35 cornea were investigated in vitro and on a short-term, @entity95 @entity936 model in vivo. For the studies in vitro, cultured @entity35 cornea sections (3 mm diameter) were incubated with radiolabeled @entity2397 , rinsed, and then incubated for 30 min in the presence of one of the drugs. The culture media were reacted with Dolichos biflorus agglutinate (DBA)-lectin, and the radioactivity of @entity7840 -bound mucin-like glycoproteins was measured. A cytotoxicity assay confirmed that mucin-like glycoproteins had not leaked from damaged cells. For studies in vivo, eye drop vehicle or drops containing gefarnate were instilled in the eyes of nine anesthetized @entity95 , and then the eyes were kept open with specula for two hours. These @entity95 and two control @entity95 not subjected to ocular drying were killed, and their eyes were enucleated and stained with @entity6693 . Corneal epithelial damage from desiccation was evaluated based on the extent of @entity6693 staining. Among the four kinds of drugs for @entity3621 and @entity2275 , only gefarnate significantly increased the mucin-like glycoprotein secretion from cultured @entity35 corneas in vitro; this stimulatory effect of gefarnate was dose-dependent. In vivo, the instillation of gefarnate reduced corneal epithelial damage from desiccation in a dose-dependent fashion. These results suggest that gefarnate reduces desiccation of corneal epithelium, perhaps by stimulating secretion of mucin-like glycoproteins from corneal epithelium.

title: XXXX stimulates secretion of mucin-like glycoproteins by corneal epithelium in vitro and protects corneal epithelium from desiccation in vivo.

entities_list: @entity13736 :: ('MESH:C031049', 'Chemical') :: ['teprenone']

entities_list: @entity5887 :: ('MESH:D005778', 'Chemical') :: ['gefarnate']

entities_list: @entity70691 :: ('MESH:C028936', 'Chemical') :: ['troxipide']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2397 :: ('MESH:C012036', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity5887 :: (MESH:D005778,Chemical) :: ['Gefarnate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To inform clinicians of a metastatic orbital @entity5 that frequently masquerades as an orbital inflammatory syndrome and to stimulate thought regarding this @entity5 's fundamental pathobiology specific to its orbital involvement. DESIGN: Interventional case report and literature review. @entity1 : A 47-year-old @entity1 with an acquired, bilateral, diffusely infiltrative orbital process is described. INTERVENTION: The clinical and radiographic features of the @entity1 's orbital process are reported. The review of two prior fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens failed to reveal a diagnosis. Histopathologic examination of an open surgical biopsy specimen included standard light microscopy of frozen and @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue. RESULTS: Characteristics light microscopy findings suggested the diagnosis of metastatic @entity1137 of the breast. The @entity1 refused all therapeutic intervention and died 9 months after orbitotomy. CONCLUSION: The presentation of @entity0 metastatic to the orbit as a bilateral infiltrative process is far more common than appreciated previously. Its rate of bilateral orbital involvement is 20%, whereas this rate for other @entity5 is much lower. The authors report an additional case, review the clinical features of previous case reports and series, and discuss aspects of the metastatic process. @entity0 must be included in the differential diagnosis of infiltrative orbital processes encountered in adult female @entity1 . When " @entity6436 " is detected in an adult female @entity1 , a thorough medical history must be obtained and physical examination performed. If a possible primary @entity0 is indicated, one must be wary of metastatic disease, and a histologic orbital diagnosis is warranted. The frequency of orbital @entity3 and bilateral orbital involvement of this @entity5 reinforces the possibility for organ-specific metastases.

title: Bilateral orbital metastases from XXXX . A case of false pseudotumor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'Breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adult neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity6436 :: ('MESH:D016727', 'Disease') :: ['orbital pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We performed this study to explore the clinical effects of a heterogeneous @entity291 @entity7674 ( @entity7674 ) used for repairing @entity33 in reconstructive surgery following resection for laryngeal and @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A summary analysis was carried out on the surgical data of 93 @entity1 who underwent reconstructive surgery using a heterogeneous @entity291 @entity7674 following resection of laryngeal and @entity189 . The @entity1 underwent an electronic laryngoscope review. RESULTS: After 3-6 months, the repaired mucosa had replaced the @entity33 in 88 @entity1 who had undergone stage I reconstruction, recovering local function. Due to infection, 3 @entity1 had a laryngeal @entity292 and 2 @entity1 had a pharyngeal @entity292 ; the @entity292 incidence rate was 5.4%. 86 @entity1 underwent successful tracheal extubation (extubation rate, 92.5%). The duration from tracheotomy to extubation was 8-31 days; the average duration was 10.4 days. CONCLUSION: The heterogeneous @entity291 @entity7674 is a new, safe, and effective material for reconstructive surgery. In @entity1 with large @entity33 , it avoids the @entity130 caused by flap repair.    2015 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.

title: Heterogeneous @entity291 XXXX for mucosal repair in reconstructive surgery for laryngeal and @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['acellular dermal matrix', 'ADM']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal defects']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity7674 :: (MESH:D016136,Disease) :: ['acellular dermal matrix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We performed this study to explore the clinical effects of a heterogeneous @entity291 @entity7674 ( @entity7674 ) used for repairing @entity33 in reconstructive surgery following resection for laryngeal and @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A summary analysis was carried out on the surgical data of 93 @entity1 who underwent reconstructive surgery using a heterogeneous @entity291 @entity7674 following resection of laryngeal and @entity189 . The @entity1 underwent an electronic laryngoscope review. RESULTS: After 3-6 months, the repaired mucosa had replaced the @entity33 in 88 @entity1 who had undergone stage I reconstruction, recovering local function. Due to infection, 3 @entity1 had a laryngeal @entity292 and 2 @entity1 had a pharyngeal @entity292 ; the @entity292 incidence rate was 5.4%. 86 @entity1 underwent successful tracheal extubation (extubation rate, 92.5%). The duration from tracheotomy to extubation was 8-31 days; the average duration was 10.4 days. CONCLUSION: The heterogeneous @entity291 @entity7674 is a new, safe, and effective material for reconstructive surgery. In @entity1 with large @entity33 , it avoids the @entity130 caused by flap repair.    2015 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.

title: Heterogeneous @entity291 @entity7674 for mucosal repair in reconstructive surgery for laryngeal and XXXX .

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We performed this study to explore the clinical effects of a heterogeneous @entity291 @entity7674 ( @entity7674 ) used for repairing @entity33 in reconstructive surgery following resection for laryngeal and @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A summary analysis was carried out on the surgical data of 93 @entity1 who underwent reconstructive surgery using a heterogeneous @entity291 @entity7674 following resection of laryngeal and @entity189 . The @entity1 underwent an electronic laryngoscope review. RESULTS: After 3-6 months, the repaired mucosa had replaced the @entity33 in 88 @entity1 who had undergone stage I reconstruction, recovering local function. Due to infection, 3 @entity1 had a laryngeal @entity292 and 2 @entity1 had a pharyngeal @entity292 ; the @entity292 incidence rate was 5.4%. 86 @entity1 underwent successful tracheal extubation (extubation rate, 92.5%). The duration from tracheotomy to extubation was 8-31 days; the average duration was 10.4 days. CONCLUSION: The heterogeneous @entity291 @entity7674 is a new, safe, and effective material for reconstructive surgery. In @entity1 with large @entity33 , it avoids the @entity130 caused by flap repair.    2015 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.

title: Heterogeneous XXXX @entity7674 for mucosal repair in reconstructive surgery for laryngeal and @entity189 .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Serum exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have received considerable attention as potential biomarkers for @entity5 diagnosis. Reverse transcription  -quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT  -qPCR) is commonly used to detect miRNA expression levels in various types of @entity5 . One prerequisite for valid RT  -qPCR data is the correct normalization of miRNAs to stably expressed endogenous reference genes (RGs). The study of @entity96 resection requires the use of reliable RGs in order to assess the expression levels of serum exosomal target miRNAs. However, the assessment of RG suitability for optimum serum exosomal miRNA expression analysis has yet to be investigated. The present study investigated the expression stability of 10 candidate RGs. The candidate genes included eight miRNAs ( @entity15743 , @entity11216  -103, @entity22076 , let  -7a, @entity17309 , @entity494 , @entity11216  -181a, and @entity15851 ) and two small RNAs (5S and U6). The stability values of the candidate genes were calculated using the following algorithms: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and the comparative   Ct method. The overall ranking obtained from these analyses revealed that @entity494 , let  -7a, and @entity17309 were appropriate internal RGs for analysis of serum miRNAs in @entity1 with @entity157 . In addition, normalization with @entity494 and let  -7a combined, as recommended by geNorm, or with @entity17309 , as recommended by NormFinder, increased the accuracy of interpretation of the target miRNA expression levels in hepatopathy studies.

title: Assessment of endogenous reference gene suitability for serum exosomal microRNA expression analysis in XXXX resection studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver carcinoma']


abstract: This snapshot reviews the current state of knowledge on genetic variants of nuclear receptors (NRs) involved in regulating various aspects of liver metabolism. Interindividual differences in responses to diet and other 'in-' and environmental stressors can be caused by variants in components of the NR regulatory gene network. We recapitulate recent evidence for the application of NRs in genetic diagnosis of monogenic @entity409 . Genetic analysis of multifactorial @entity409 , such as @entity1561 and @entity6 , pinpoints key players in disease predisposition and progression. In particular, @entity4961 variants have been associated with @entity9744 of pregnancy and @entity5990 . Other examples include studies of @entity16566 and @entity19454 polymorphisms in @entity1 with @entity99 and @entity2538 variation in @entity201 . Associations of NR gene variants have been identified in @entity1 with @entity2299 and other metabolic syndrome-associated traits by genome-wide studies. Evidence from these analyses confirms a role for NR variation in common diseases, linking regulatory networks to complex and variable phenotypes. These new insights into the impact of NR variants offer perspectives for their future use in diagnosis and treatment of common diseases.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Nuclear receptor variants in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced liver injury']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholestasis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to describe the profile of @entity1 and the characteristics of all @entity2259 caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains in a teaching hospital and to assess the mortality related to these events. METHODS: A monocentric retrospective observational cohort study was conducted. All @entity1 with @entity2259 caused by MDR bacteria between 2011 and 2013 were included. The characteristics of @entity1 and @entity2259 , antibiotic therapy within the first day, and 30-day mortality were collected from the electronic medical records database. RESULTS: A total of 228 @entity1 were included with @entity2259 caused by Enterobacteriaceae-producing extended-spectrum b-lactamase (n  =  102), Enterobacteriaceae overproducing AmpC b-lactamase (n  =  59), @entity2893 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae (n  =  3), @entity5505 - or @entity2893 -resistant @entity3064 (n  =  2), @entity5505 - or @entity2893 -resistant @entity796 (n  =  23), @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 (n  =  40), and @entity2176 -resistant Enterococcus (n  =  2). The median Charlson comorbidity score was 6. Inappropriate antibiotic therapy was prescribed in 41.7% of @entity2259 , and 30-day mortality was 23%. For 20.9% of the @entity1 who had had a positive bacteriologic sample in the preceding 2  months, the initial antibiotic therapy was inappropriate. CONCLUSION: In this cohort of @entity2259 @entity1 , a high rate of mortality and numerous @entity1 comorbidities were observed. Taking greater account of antecedents of MDR @entity2348 could improve the rate of appropriate initial antibiotic therapy.

title: XXXX caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria in a French university hospital center: 3  years of collection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'bacteremias']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Bacteremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Under the ACA, new programs are being developed to enhance care coordination and reduce health care costs among @entity1 with @entity121 , disabilities, and high utilization of health care. However, the relationships between these groups are not well understood. OBJECTIVES: Our aims were to (1) identify high utilizers of health care in the U.S. working age (18-64) population, (2) examine the overlap between this group and @entity1 with @entity121 and/or disabilities, (3) identify predictors of high service use or cost among these subpopulations, and (4) recommend approaches for stratification of individuals with high health care utilization. METHODS: Using pooled national data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2006-2008), we created indices to identify elevated or high utilization and cost groups. We performed descriptive analyses, bivariate comparisons and multivariate analyses to examine the relations between these populations and individuals with @entity121 and/or disabilities. RESULTS: While the large majority of @entity1 with high use/cost had @entity121 , the minority of @entity1 with @entity121 had high health care utilization. However, among @entity1 with @entity121 , disability was a significant predictor of high utilization. Annual expenditures were significantly elevated among @entity1 with disabilities, particularly when activities of daily living were limited. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that medical diagnosis alone is insufficient for the development of eligibility criteria for, or the evaluation of, programs intended to better the delivery or coordination of services for high utilizers of health care services. New approaches are needed to assess functional limitations and identify ongoing needs for services and supports.

title: Diagnosis isn't enough: Understanding the connections between high health care utilization, XXXX and disabilities among U.S. working age adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['chronic conditions']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['chronic conditions']


abstract: Overexpression and amplification of several genes ( @entity7465 , @entity8985 and SAS) located on chromosome 12q13-15 have been noted to occur in various @entity1 @entity242 . As a result, two major growth regulation pathways may be inhibited. @entity7465 may down regulate the @entity876 -mediated growth control and @entity8985 may affect @entity996 -mediated events. To determine the frequency of alterations in these genes and their correlation with clinicopathologic features, we analyzed the @entity7465 and @entity8985 protein levels by immunohistochemistry and assessed @entity7465 , @entity8985 and SAS amplification by real-time PCR in nine @entity421 of the jaws. Positive staining for @entity8985 and @entity7465 was observed in eight cases (88.8%) and five cases (55.5%), respectively. Intense @entity8985 staining was noted in four cases (two high grade, one intermediate grade and one low grade). Intense @entity7465 staining was observed in the same four previous cases, as well as, one additional high-grade @entity5 . Individual DNA amplification for @entity8985 , @entity7465 and SAS was observed in six cases for each gene. Co-amplification was observed in five cases that showed @entity8985 and @entity7465 concomitant amplification and four cases that displayed amplification for all of the genes. In addition, among the five cases that presented @entity8985 and @entity7465 amplification, strong overexpression of @entity8985 and @entity7465 was observed in three and in four cases, respectively (three high grade and one intermediate grade). These results suggest that 12q13-15 genes are involved in @entity5 and concurrent amplification and overexpression of these genes might help to define high-grade @entity5 .

title: Amplification and protein expression of chromosome 12q13-15 genes in XXXX of the jaws.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcomas']


abstract: AIMS: Therapeutic approaches to treat @entity384 ( @entity384 ), which is characterized by @entity308 and susceptibility to @entity141 -related @entity943 , have been generally unsuccessful. Our objective in the present work was to determine the effect of the @entity14207 ( @entity14207 ) biased ligand, @entity70692 , on contractility of hearts of a transgenic @entity19 model of @entity384 with mutation in tropomyosin at position 54 (TG- @entity49819 ). Our rationale is based on previous studies, which have supported the hypothesis that biased G-protein-coupled receptor ligands, signalling via b-arrestin, increase cardiac contractility with no effect on @entity141 transients. Our previous work demonstrated that the biased ligand @entity70692 is able to block angiotensin-induced @entity1184 , while promoting an increase in sarcomere @entity141 response. METHODS AND RESULTS: We tested the hypothesis that the @entity308 in cardiac function associated with @entity384 can be offset by infusion of the @entity14207 biased ligand, @entity70692 . We intravenously infused saline, @entity70692 , or the unbiased ligand, @entity9886 , for 15 min in TG- @entity49819 and non- @entity19 to obtain left ventricular pressure-volume relations. Hearts were analysed for sarcomeric protein phosphorylation. Results showed that the @entity14207 biased ligand increases cardiac performance in TG- @entity49819 @entity19 in association with increased myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity19 with an @entity14207 biased ligand, acting via b-arrestin signalling, is able to induce an increase in cardiac contractility associated with an increase in ventricular myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation. @entity14207 biased ligands may prove to be a novel inotropic approach in @entity384 .

title: Cardiac myosin light chain phosphorylation and inotropic effects of a biased ligand, XXXX , in a @entity384 model.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressed sarcomeric tension']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'familial dilated cardiomyopathy', 'familial DCM']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity49819 :: ('p|SUB|E|54|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E54K']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity14207 :: ('11610(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor', 'AT1R']

answer: @entity70692 :: (MESH:C555535,Chemical) :: ['TRV120023']


abstract: AIMS: Therapeutic approaches to treat @entity384 ( @entity384 ), which is characterized by @entity308 and susceptibility to @entity141 -related @entity943 , have been generally unsuccessful. Our objective in the present work was to determine the effect of the @entity14207 ( @entity14207 ) biased ligand, @entity70692 , on contractility of hearts of a transgenic @entity19 model of @entity384 with mutation in tropomyosin at position 54 (TG- @entity49819 ). Our rationale is based on previous studies, which have supported the hypothesis that biased G-protein-coupled receptor ligands, signalling via b-arrestin, increase cardiac contractility with no effect on @entity141 transients. Our previous work demonstrated that the biased ligand @entity70692 is able to block angiotensin-induced @entity1184 , while promoting an increase in sarcomere @entity141 response. METHODS AND RESULTS: We tested the hypothesis that the @entity308 in cardiac function associated with @entity384 can be offset by infusion of the @entity14207 biased ligand, @entity70692 . We intravenously infused saline, @entity70692 , or the unbiased ligand, @entity9886 , for 15 min in TG- @entity49819 and non- @entity19 to obtain left ventricular pressure-volume relations. Hearts were analysed for sarcomeric protein phosphorylation. Results showed that the @entity14207 biased ligand increases cardiac performance in TG- @entity49819 @entity19 in association with increased myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity19 with an @entity14207 biased ligand, acting via b-arrestin signalling, is able to induce an increase in cardiac contractility associated with an increase in ventricular myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation. @entity14207 biased ligands may prove to be a novel inotropic approach in @entity384 .

title: Cardiac myosin light chain phosphorylation and inotropic effects of a biased ligand, @entity70692 , in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']