abstract: Viscerofugal neurons are enteric neurons in the myenteric plexus of the stomach and intestine that project to the prevertebral @entity21 as the afferent limb of intestino-intestinal reflexes. This study characterizes viscerofugal projections to the inferior @entity4494 and investigates the possibility of similar projections to the major pelvic @entity21 in the male @entity35 . The colon and rectum were examined for retrogradely labelled neurons following the injection of retrograde tracer into the inferior mesenteric or major pelvic @entity21 , or following the application of tracer to the caudal end of the cut intermesenteric nerves, or either end of the cut hypogastric nerves. All labelled viscerofugal neurons were found in the myenteric plexus and were often grouped near the mesenteric attachment. The number of viscerofugal neurons projecting to the inferior @entity4494 via the lumbar colonic nerves increases along the length of the large intestine with the maximum number of viscerofugal neurons found in the rectum. Some viscerofugal neurons from the distal colon and rectum reach the inferior @entity4494 . A similar number and distribution of viscerofugal neurons project via the inferior @entity4494 into the intermesenteric nerves as terminate in the inferior @entity4494 . Very few viscerofugal neurons project to the neurons of the major @entity530 , and no viscerofugal neurons project caudally in the hypogastric nerves to these @entity21 . The majority of labelled neurons resembled Dogiel type I morphology. Thus the inferior @entity4494 receives a substantial innervation from viscerofugal neurons of the large intestine, with the greatest supply from the distal colon and rectum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Distribution and morphological characterization of viscerofugal projections from the large intestine to the inferior mesenteric and pelvic XXXX of the male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic ganglia via the rectal nerves']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ganglion', 'mesenteric ganglion via the hypogastric nerves']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['ganglia']


abstract: Viscerofugal neurons are enteric neurons in the myenteric plexus of the stomach and intestine that project to the prevertebral @entity21 as the afferent limb of intestino-intestinal reflexes. This study characterizes viscerofugal projections to the inferior @entity4494 and investigates the possibility of similar projections to the major pelvic @entity21 in the male @entity35 . The colon and rectum were examined for retrogradely labelled neurons following the injection of retrograde tracer into the inferior mesenteric or major pelvic @entity21 , or following the application of tracer to the caudal end of the cut intermesenteric nerves, or either end of the cut hypogastric nerves. All labelled viscerofugal neurons were found in the myenteric plexus and were often grouped near the mesenteric attachment. The number of viscerofugal neurons projecting to the inferior @entity4494 via the lumbar colonic nerves increases along the length of the large intestine with the maximum number of viscerofugal neurons found in the rectum. Some viscerofugal neurons from the distal colon and rectum reach the inferior @entity4494 . A similar number and distribution of viscerofugal neurons project via the inferior @entity4494 into the intermesenteric nerves as terminate in the inferior @entity4494 . Very few viscerofugal neurons project to the neurons of the major @entity530 , and no viscerofugal neurons project caudally in the hypogastric nerves to these @entity21 . The majority of labelled neurons resembled Dogiel type I morphology. Thus the inferior @entity4494 receives a substantial innervation from viscerofugal neurons of the large intestine, with the greatest supply from the distal colon and rectum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Distribution and morphological characterization of viscerofugal projections from the large intestine to the inferior mesenteric and pelvic @entity21 of the male XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate if IgG can be expressed in @entity1358 (cRCC) , and the expression of IgG is involved in the @entity5 progression. If IgG expression can serve as a potential target in @entity5 therapies and be used for judging the prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By immunohistochemistry, we detected IgG in cRCC tissues(75 cRCC tissues and75 adjacent normal kidney tissues). Immunofluorescence and Western blot was used to detect the IgG in cRCC cell lines (786-0, ACHN and CAKI-I). By RT-PCR, the functional transcript of IgG heavy chain was detected. Knockdown of IgG was to analyze the proliferation, @entity4222 and invasion ability by CCK8, Transwell and Matrigel and apoptosis in cRCC cell lines. RESULTS: By immunohistochemistry, we found strong staining of IgG in 66 cases of 75 cRCC tissues and 63 cases of 75 adjacent normal kidney tissues. Immunofluorescence and Western blot was found IgG in cRCC cell lines. Knock-down IgG in cRCC cell lines resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, @entity4222 and invasion, and the induction of apoptosis of the 786-0 cells. The immunohistochemistry analysis showed that high IgG expression significantly correlated with the poor differentiation and advanced stage of cRCC. CONCLUSION: IgG was over expressed in cRCC and was involved in the proliferation, @entity4222 and invasion of @entity5 cells. IgG expression may serve as a potential target in @entity5 therapies and could be used for judging the prognosis.

title: IgG is involved in the @entity4222 and invasion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate if IgG can be expressed in @entity1358 (cRCC) , and the expression of IgG is involved in the @entity5 progression. If IgG expression can serve as a potential target in @entity5 therapies and be used for judging the prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: By immunohistochemistry, we detected IgG in cRCC tissues(75 cRCC tissues and75 adjacent normal kidney tissues). Immunofluorescence and Western blot was used to detect the IgG in cRCC cell lines (786-0, ACHN and CAKI-I). By RT-PCR, the functional transcript of IgG heavy chain was detected. Knockdown of IgG was to analyze the proliferation, @entity4222 and invasion ability by CCK8, Transwell and Matrigel and apoptosis in cRCC cell lines. RESULTS: By immunohistochemistry, we found strong staining of IgG in 66 cases of 75 cRCC tissues and 63 cases of 75 adjacent normal kidney tissues. Immunofluorescence and Western blot was found IgG in cRCC cell lines. Knock-down IgG in cRCC cell lines resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation, @entity4222 and invasion, and the induction of apoptosis of the 786-0 cells. The immunohistochemistry analysis showed that high IgG expression significantly correlated with the poor differentiation and advanced stage of cRCC. CONCLUSION: IgG was over expressed in cRCC and was involved in the proliferation, @entity4222 and invasion of @entity5 cells. IgG expression may serve as a potential target in @entity5 therapies and could be used for judging the prognosis.

title: IgG is involved in the XXXX and invasion of @entity1358 .

answer: @entity4222 :: (MESH:D014085,Disease) :: ['migration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 of the wrist and hand, limb salvage operation is extremely challenging for surgeons in attempting a complete @entity5 resection with negative surgical margins. In this study, we report four @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 of the wrist and hand treated by limb salvage operation with intraoperative extracorporeal autogenous irradiated tendon grafts. METHODS: The @entity1 were all male, and the mean age at the time of surgery was 45 years. Histological diagnoses included clear cell @entity242 in two @entity1 , @entity1352 in one, and @entity5426 in one. All four @entity1 had high grade @entity5 , wherein three had American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) @entity5 and one with AJCC stage IV disease. The @entity5 were resected en bloc with involved tendons. The tendons were isolated from the resected tissues, irradiated ex vivo, and re-implanted into the host tendons. In one @entity1 , the bone was resected additionally because of @entity5 invasion to the bone. Hand function was evaluated using Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) rating system. RESULTS: Of the four @entity1 , three died of distant metastatic disease. The remaining @entity1 lives and remains disease-free. The mean follow-up period was 33 months. One @entity1 had local recurrence outside the irradiated graft at 20 months after surgery. The functional rating was 22. Lower scores were seen in @entity1 with reconstruction of flexor tendons than extensor tendons. CONCLUSIONS: Limb salvage operation with intraoperative extracorporeal autogenous irradiated tendon grafts is an acceptable method in selected @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 of the wrist and hand.

title: Intraoperative extracorporeal autogenous irradiated tendon grafts for functional limb salvage surgery of soft tissue XXXX of the wrist and hand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: Despite improvement in the diagnostic modalities, surgical technique, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, mortality and morbidity due to @entity189 esophagus continues to be dismal. Combination of external and intraluminal radio therapy (ILRT) has emerged as a powerful and promising palliative therapy in this disease. Thirty four @entity1 with inoperable @entity5 esophagus treated with ILRT during June 1991 to December 1993 were evaluated to assess its palliative effects. Seventeen of these @entity1 had received additional chemotherapy and external radiotherapy. Thirteen @entity1 received only radiotherapy (both external radiotherapy + ILRT) and the remaining 4 received only ILRT. They were followed up for a mean period of 8.3 months (range 2 to 28 months) during which one @entity1 was lost to follow up. Eight had a follow up of less than 6 months. Eight (33%) amongst the remaining 25 @entity1 were considered disease free, 15 had recurrent and progressive disease, one developed @entity3 and one @entity1 died. In 21 (66%) @entity1282 markedly improved. Nine (26%) @entity1 survived beyond 1 year and the median survival for all @entity1 was 8 months. Associated radiation morbidity was documented in 13 (38%) @entity1 . We conclude that combination of external radiotherapy and ILRT is an effective and safe therapy for inoperable @entity5 .

title: Experience with intraluminal radiotherapy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'esophageal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1943 and its analogs through the specific receptor are known to demonstrate antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic actions. The presence of @entity22796 -5 has not been sufficiently explored in poorly differentiated and undifferentiated @entity259 . The aim was to investigate the SSTR subtypes expression in these aggressive @entity259 . The study also discusses the usefulness of SSTR analogs as an alternative to conventional forms of therapy. Methods: The analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry on the 14 archived poorly differentiated and 4 anaplastic @entity259 . A group of benign thyroid pathologies consisting of 11 @entity1 was also included. Results: @entity22796 were found to be expressed both in benign and malignant @entity1374 , while @entity22797 was not. Expression of @entity22796 and @entity7932 was found in samples with poorly differentiated @entity259 with a score of at least 2.0 being recorded in 10 @entity5 (71.4%). For @entity7931 A the same or higher score was noted in 5/14 (35.7%), for @entity7931 B in 4/14 (28.6%) and for @entity22260 in 3/14 (21.4%) samples. @entity71857 were found to have a score of at least 2.0 in all undifferentiated @entity259 . Immunostaining of @entity22260 was observed in 50% of samples. The immunopositive reactions were observed both in the membranes and cytoplasm of the @entity259 ' cells. In some cases positive immunostaining was localized also in the endothelium of intrathyroidal blood vessels. Conclusions: The @entity1943 multiligand analogs or selective agonists could be considered alternatives to conventional therapeutic agents in aggressive @entity259 .

title: An Immunohistochemical Investigation of the Expression of XXXX Receptor Subtypes - Should Therapeutic Trials be Performed to Determine the Efficacy of @entity1943 Analogs in Treating Advanced Thyroid Malignances?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin', 'Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors', 'thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['Somatostatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1943 and its analogs through the specific receptor are known to demonstrate antiproliferative, anti-angiogenic and pro-apoptotic actions. The presence of @entity22796 -5 has not been sufficiently explored in poorly differentiated and undifferentiated @entity259 . The aim was to investigate the SSTR subtypes expression in these aggressive @entity259 . The study also discusses the usefulness of SSTR analogs as an alternative to conventional forms of therapy. Methods: The analysis was performed by immunohistochemistry on the 14 archived poorly differentiated and 4 anaplastic @entity259 . A group of benign thyroid pathologies consisting of 11 @entity1 was also included. Results: @entity22796 were found to be expressed both in benign and malignant @entity1374 , while @entity22797 was not. Expression of @entity22796 and @entity7932 was found in samples with poorly differentiated @entity259 with a score of at least 2.0 being recorded in 10 @entity5 (71.4%). For @entity7931 A the same or higher score was noted in 5/14 (35.7%), for @entity7931 B in 4/14 (28.6%) and for @entity22260 in 3/14 (21.4%) samples. @entity71857 were found to have a score of at least 2.0 in all undifferentiated @entity259 . Immunostaining of @entity22260 was observed in 50% of samples. The immunopositive reactions were observed both in the membranes and cytoplasm of the @entity259 ' cells. In some cases positive immunostaining was localized also in the endothelium of intrathyroidal blood vessels. Conclusions: The @entity1943 multiligand analogs or selective agonists could be considered alternatives to conventional therapeutic agents in aggressive @entity259 .

title: An Immunohistochemical Investigation of the Expression of @entity1943 Receptor Subtypes - Should Therapeutic Trials be Performed to Determine the Efficacy of XXXX Analogs in Treating Advanced Thyroid Malignances?

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['Somatostatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although previous research has consistently found considerable rates of @entity14469 ( @entity14469 ) in @entity1 with @entity130 , knowledge about determinants of @entity14469 remains incomplete. Guilt is a common reaction among @entity1 after a traumatic event and has been shown to contribute to @entity1005 . However, its relationship to @entity14469 has never been examined. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the prevalence of @entity14469 in @entity1 and adolescents following road traffic accidents (RTAs). Moreover, the association between peritraumatic guilt and @entity14469 was investigated relying on current cognitive theories of posttraumatic stress and controlling for female sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), @entity130 , inpatient treatment, pretrauma psychopathology, and maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). METHODS: One hundred and one @entity1 and adolescents (aged 7-16 years) were assessed by means of a clinical interview approximately 10 days after an RTA. Mothers were assessed by questionnaires. RESULTS: Three @entity1 (3.0%) met diagnostic criteria for full @entity14469 according to DSM-IV, and 17 (16.8%) for @entity14469 . In a multivariate regression model, guilt was found to be a significant predictor of @entity14469 severity. Female sex, outpatient treatment, and maternal PTSS also predicted @entity14469 severity. @entity1 age, SES, @entity130 , and pretraumatic @entity1 psychopathology were not related to @entity14469 severity. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should examine the association between peritraumatic guilt and acute stress symptoms in more detail. Moreover, guilt appraisals in the acute phase after an accident might be a relevant target for clinical attention.

title: Guilt is associated with acute stress symptoms in XXXX after road traffic accidents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity14469 :: ('MESH:D040701', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'subsyndromal ASD', 'acute stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['accidental injuries', 'injury severity']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Antigen recognition by T lymphocytes is mediated by cell surface receptors T cell specificity depends on the variable, diversity and junctional (VDJ) regions of the alpha and beta polypeptide chains of the T cell receptor (TCR). The expression of the variable region genes of the beta chain (V beta) has been analysed to study the involvement of peripheral blood T cells in systemic @entity1333 . RNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 12 @entity1 with microscopic @entity573 , 10 with @entity2883 , six with unclassified @entity1333 , and 28 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals. Complementary DNA was made from RNA and amplified by the anchored polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using redundant oligonucleotide primers for the TCR V beta genes. To determine if the dominant usage of a V beta gene family reflected the presence of particular T cell clones, cDNA was amplified with primers for the specific V beta gene family. The product was screened for sequence homogeneity by single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and cloned to sequence the adjoining TCR (D beta) J beta region. A significant increase in the mean percentage expression of the V beta 2.1 gene was seen in @entity1333 @entity1 (11.4 + 1.0% (mean + s.e.m.)) compared with controls (6.6 + 0.6%; P < 0.003). The most marked increase was seen in microscopic @entity573 (13.9 + 1.7%; P < 0.0001). There were also increases in the expression of V beta 3, 13 and 14 in peripheral blood of @entity1333 @entity1 compared with controls. SSCP analysis of V beta 2.1 amplified products indicated the presence of oligoclonal bands in a smaller proportion of @entity1 (8/27) than controls (12/28). There was no strong evidence for the conservation of the TCR V beta 2.1 junctional region sequence data from a sample group of three @entity1 with oligoclonal bands. Thus, a subset of @entity1 with systemic @entity1333 , particularly those with microscopic @entity573 , have increased TCR V beta 2.1 gene expression in their peripheral blood T cell repertoire. As superantigens binding V beta 2.1 are postulated to activate T cells with diverse @entity2612 sequences, it is proposed that a superantigen is involved in the immunopathogenesis of @entity1333 .

title: Peripheral blood T lymphocytes in systemic @entity1333 : increased T cell receptor V beta 2 gene usage in microscopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['polyarteritis']


abstract: Antigen recognition by T lymphocytes is mediated by cell surface receptors T cell specificity depends on the variable, diversity and junctional (VDJ) regions of the alpha and beta polypeptide chains of the T cell receptor (TCR). The expression of the variable region genes of the beta chain (V beta) has been analysed to study the involvement of peripheral blood T cells in systemic @entity1333 . RNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 12 @entity1 with microscopic @entity573 , 10 with @entity2883 , six with unclassified @entity1333 , and 28 healthy age- and sex-matched individuals. Complementary DNA was made from RNA and amplified by the anchored polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using redundant oligonucleotide primers for the TCR V beta genes. To determine if the dominant usage of a V beta gene family reflected the presence of particular T cell clones, cDNA was amplified with primers for the specific V beta gene family. The product was screened for sequence homogeneity by single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and cloned to sequence the adjoining TCR (D beta) J beta region. A significant increase in the mean percentage expression of the V beta 2.1 gene was seen in @entity1333 @entity1 (11.4 + 1.0% (mean + s.e.m.)) compared with controls (6.6 + 0.6%; P < 0.003). The most marked increase was seen in microscopic @entity573 (13.9 + 1.7%; P < 0.0001). There were also increases in the expression of V beta 3, 13 and 14 in peripheral blood of @entity1333 @entity1 compared with controls. SSCP analysis of V beta 2.1 amplified products indicated the presence of oligoclonal bands in a smaller proportion of @entity1 (8/27) than controls (12/28). There was no strong evidence for the conservation of the TCR V beta 2.1 junctional region sequence data from a sample group of three @entity1 with oligoclonal bands. Thus, a subset of @entity1 with systemic @entity1333 , particularly those with microscopic @entity573 , have increased TCR V beta 2.1 gene expression in their peripheral blood T cell repertoire. As superantigens binding V beta 2.1 are postulated to activate T cells with diverse @entity2612 sequences, it is proposed that a superantigen is involved in the immunopathogenesis of @entity1333 .

title: Peripheral blood T lymphocytes in systemic XXXX : increased T cell receptor V beta 2 gene usage in microscopic @entity573 .

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['vasculitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In approximately 90% of mild @entity447 ( @entity447 ) @entity1 , a missense mutation can be identified using complete gene sequencing. In this study, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification analysis was performed as a second step in 10 French-speaking Belgian with mild @entity447 presenting no detectable causal mutation by complete sequencing of the @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) (F8) gene's 26 exons and its 1.2  kb of contiguous promoter sequence. This gene dosage technique enabled the detection of exon 1 duplications of F8 in three apparently unrelated subjects. Using array-comparative genomic hybridization, breakpoint analysis delimited the duplication extent to 210  kb in the F8 intron 1 and @entity49577 gene intragenic position. We postulated that the rearrangement responsible for this duplication, never before reported, could be attributed to a symmetrical tandem inversion duplication, resulting in a large 233  kb rearrangement of F8 intron 1. This rearranged intron should lead to the production of a small number of normal mRNA transcripts in relation to the mild @entity447 phenotype. Our analysis of the entire F8 mRNA from index case 1, particularly the segment containing exons 1-9, revealed normal amplification and sequencing. Reduced plasma @entity2801 antigen levels caused by cross-reacting material is associated with a quantitative deficiency of plasma @entity2801 . Male @entity1 were unresponsive to @entity7062 ( @entity7062 ). All @entity1 displayed identical F8 haplotypes, despite not being related, which suggests a possible founder effect caused by a 210  kb duplication involving F8 exon 1.

title: Tandem inversion duplication within F8 Intron 1 associated with mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin', 'desmopressin']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia A', 'HA']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5441 ( @entity5441 ) is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disease entity. It is characterized by persistent @entity1712 and organ damage after excluding other causes. Clonal @entity1712 is distinguished from idiopathic @entity1712 by the presence of histologic, cytogenetic, or molecular evidence of an underlying @entity5 . There are two distinct subcategories of clonal @entity1712 : chronic @entity1778 , not otherwise specified and @entity706 with @entity1712 and mutations involving platelet-derived growth factor receptor a/b or @entity7167 . More than 50% of @entity5441 are without knowledge of underlying pathogenic molecular pathways. Here we examined a @entity5441 @entity1 by oligo-based aCGH analysis and molecular cytogenetic methods. Examination for the common @entity1712 -related cytogenetic abnormalities involving the genes @entity675 , @entity3820 , and @entity7167 together with @entity1861 fusion gene was negative. Cytogenetic analysis and multi-color FISH analysis revealed a novel cryptic three-way translocation t(2;11;5)(p21.3;q13.5;q23.2). By oaCGH analysis we could not find any copy number changes related to the cytogenetic breakpoints but instead detected a 0.9Mb submicroscopic deletion at 11p14.3. The deleted region involved the 5'-upstream sequences and exons 1-4 of the @entity71858 gene, which encodes a @entity368 zipper protein. Analysis of surrogate germ-line cells revealed a normal result showing that the detected chromosomal aberrations were acquired. This is the first report on a @entity5441 @entity1 associated with a novel complex three-way translocation t(2;11;5)(p21.3;q13.5;q23.2) and a submicroscopic deletion in chromosome band 11p14.3. The study also demonstrates the benefits of oligo-based aCGH analysis in detecting @entity66 related @entity2008 . The present findings provide additional clues to unravel important molecular pathways in @entity5441 to obtain the full spectrum of acquired chromosomal and genomic aberrations in this heterogeneous disease entity. As more cases become characterized this may eventually improve on classification and treatment options.

title: A novel acquired cryptic three-way translocation t(2;11;5)(p21.3;q13.5;q23.2) with a submicroscopic deletion at 11p14.3 in an adult with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hidden disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['HES', 'Hypereosinophilic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7167 :: ('2260', 'Gene') :: ['FGFR1', 'fibroblast growth factor receptor 1']

answer: @entity5441 :: (MESH:D017681,Disease) :: ['hypereosinophilic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Idiopathic @entity5442 (IIMs) are a heterogeneous group of @entity5442 , characterised by chronic @entity425 , cutaneous features, different extra-muscular manifestations and circulating autoantibodies. IIMs included classical @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ), @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ) and other different types of @entity5442 with a wide range of muscle involvement. A complete autoantibody profile and a muscle biopsy are mandatory to correctly diagnose different clinical entities and to define their different prognosis. Bohan and Peter's criteria included five items to diagnose adult onset @entity6558 and @entity6017 . The sensitivity was 74-100  %, while the specificity is low, due to a poor ability to differentiate @entity6558 from @entity4094 . Other criteria included a more accurate histological definition of @entity6558 , @entity6017 or amyopathic @entity6017 , obtaining a higher specificity. Autoantibodies' association, @entity401 and clinical cardiac involvement represent the main items that could define the prognosis of these @entity1 . On the other hand, inclusion body @entity5442 is a different @entity121 characterised by a peculiar muscle mass involvement, @entity2057 and progressive @entity393 , due to complete failure to all immunosuppressive drugs used. Treatment of IIMs is based on corticosteroids (CS), which show rapid clinical response and functional improvement. Different immunosuppressant drugs are given to obtain a better control of the disease during CS tapering dose. No controlled double blind trials demonstrated the superiority of one immunesuppressant on another. The occurrence of interstitial lung involvement requires the immediate introduction of immunosuppressants in addiction to CS. Severe @entity1282 seems to improve with intravenous immunoglobulins (Ig). Physical therapy could be started after the acute phase of diseases and seems to have a beneficial role in muscle strength recovery.

title: The Clinical and Histological Spectrum of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['myositis', 'inflammatory myopathies']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of function']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Central nervous system (CNS) @entity5 are the most frequent @entity5 in @entity1 and adolescents. The epidemiology of these @entity5 differs in areas of the world. However, very little data is available in the low/middle income countries (LMIC). The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of @entity1313 treated at a leading LMIC pediatric @entity5 hospital and its difference from that in other countries. One thousand one hundred fourteen @entity1 and adolescent having CNS @entity5 were treated in the largest pediatric @entity5 hospital in the Middle East during a period of 5    years. They were diagnosed histopathologically in 80.2  %, through medical imaging in 19.4  % and via both @entity5 markers and imaging in the remaining 0.4  % of cases. Through epidemiological analysis was performed using all available @entity1 ' data revealed that 96  % of the @entity1 had primary @entity1313 , while only 4  % the @entity75 was in the spinal cord. The most common histological type was @entity5 (30.0  %, pilocytic (GI)  =  13.2  %, GII  =  10.5  % and GIII  +  IV (high grade)  =  6.3  %) followed by @entity5 (23.2  %, @entity2946  =  18.7  %, PNET  =  2.8  %, ATRT  =  1.5  % and @entity6196  =  0.2  %) then @entity424 in 8.7  %, craniopharyngeoma in 5.3  %. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.1      4.2  years which did not differ significantly by gender nor residency but it differed by the pathological subtype. The frequency of each pathological type was different among different age groups. Though the present study was a hospital-based analysis in a low/middle income country, yet it did not differ from the well-established population-based study reports in the high income countries.

title: Pediatric XXXX in a low/middle income country: does it differ from that in developed world?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['primary childhood brain tumors', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'astrocytic tumor', 'cancer', 'embryonal tumor', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: Although T helper cells play a critical role in @entity1 immunity against schistosomes, the properties of the T lymphocytes that govern resistance and pathogenesis in @entity1 @entity2040 are still poorly defined. This work addresses the question as to whether @entity1 resistance to @entity380 is associated with a particular T helper subset. Twenty-eight CD3+, CD4+, CD8- parasite-specific T cell clones were isolated from three adults with high degree of resistance to infection by @entity383 . The lymphokine secretion profiles of these clones were determined and compared to those of 21 CD3+, CD4+, CD8- clones with unknown specificity, established from these same subjects in the same cloning experiment. Almost all parasite-specific clones produced interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in large amounts. However, they generally produced more IL-4 than @entity379 ; variations in IL-4/ @entity379 ratios were accounted for by differences in @entity379 production since IL-4 levels were comparable for the clones from the three subjects. T cell clones of unknown specificity produced significantly less IL-4 and more @entity379 than parasite-specific T cell clones. Most clones produced IL-2, and IL-2 production did not differ between the two types of clones. Parasite-specific T cell clones from the resistant subjects were compared to specific T cell clones from a sensitized adult from a nonendemic area: T cell clones from this latter subject were the highest @entity379 and the lowest IL-4 producers, compared to those of resistant subjects. Thus, parasite-specific T cell clones isolated from adults resistant to @entity383 belong to the Th0 subset and produced more IL-4 than @entity379 (Th0/2), whereas clones of a sensitized adult from a nonendemic area are also Th0, but produce more @entity379 than IL-4 (Th0/1). These results support previous conclusions on the role of IgE in protection against schistosomes in @entity1 , and may indicate that @entity379 is required for full protection.

title: @entity380 -specific helper T cell clones from subjects resistant to infection by XXXX are Th0/2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: Although T helper cells play a critical role in @entity1 immunity against schistosomes, the properties of the T lymphocytes that govern resistance and pathogenesis in @entity1 @entity2040 are still poorly defined. This work addresses the question as to whether @entity1 resistance to @entity380 is associated with a particular T helper subset. Twenty-eight CD3+, CD4+, CD8- parasite-specific T cell clones were isolated from three adults with high degree of resistance to infection by @entity383 . The lymphokine secretion profiles of these clones were determined and compared to those of 21 CD3+, CD4+, CD8- clones with unknown specificity, established from these same subjects in the same cloning experiment. Almost all parasite-specific clones produced interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma in large amounts. However, they generally produced more IL-4 than @entity379 ; variations in IL-4/ @entity379 ratios were accounted for by differences in @entity379 production since IL-4 levels were comparable for the clones from the three subjects. T cell clones of unknown specificity produced significantly less IL-4 and more @entity379 than parasite-specific T cell clones. Most clones produced IL-2, and IL-2 production did not differ between the two types of clones. Parasite-specific T cell clones from the resistant subjects were compared to specific T cell clones from a sensitized adult from a nonendemic area: T cell clones from this latter subject were the highest @entity379 and the lowest IL-4 producers, compared to those of resistant subjects. Thus, parasite-specific T cell clones isolated from adults resistant to @entity383 belong to the Th0 subset and produced more IL-4 than @entity379 (Th0/2), whereas clones of a sensitized adult from a nonendemic area are also Th0, but produce more @entity379 than IL-4 (Th0/1). These results support previous conclusions on the role of IgE in protection against schistosomes in @entity1 , and may indicate that @entity379 is required for full protection.

title: XXXX -specific helper T cell clones from subjects resistant to infection by @entity380 are Th0/2.

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma']


abstract: Anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques have been used to study the uncrossed retinal projection in neonatal pigmented and albino @entity329 . The total number of retinal ganglion cells projecting ipsilaterally peaks at postnatal days 2-4 (P2-P4) and declines to adult values by P12. The change in cell numbers has a similar time course in albino and pigmented animals. Although the population of uncrossed cells in the temporal retina of albino hamsters is always less than that in pigmented hamsters, no difference between the colour phases was found for the population of uncrossed cells in nasal retina. Differential cell @entity204 also contributes to the adult albino decussation pattern in hamsters: The relative loss of cells from temporal retina in albinos (72%) is greater than that in pigmented animals (56%). The additional loss in albinos does not appear to depend on binocular interactions: The same proportion (30%) of uncrossed cells is "rescued" from @entity204 by neonatal monocular enucleation in both colour phases. Flat-mount preparations showing the distribution of uncrossed fibres reveal that a distinct focus of terminals emerges in rostral superior colliculus, which is topographically appropriate for a binocular mapping, at the peak of uncrossed ganglion cell numbers (P4). Comparison of uncrossed terminal distributions and ganglion cell @entity204 reveals considerable refinement of the terminals prior to the main phase of cell @entity204 . Monocular enucleations performed some time after birth have a greater effect on uncrossed terminal distributions than on cell @entity204 . These observations suggest that independent mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of terminal distributions and of cell numbers in the developing uncrossed retinal pathways.

title: Postnatal changes in the uncrossed retinal projection of pigmented and albino XXXX and the effects of monocular enucleation.

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: Between 1983 and 1922 70 @entity1 of the author's institution underwent valve replacement for @entity3555 . In 22 cases the source of @entity281 could be identified. Among them the most frequent source of @entity281 was dental manipulation (7 @entity1 ). The predominating causative microorganism was Streptococcus viridans followed by @entity794 . Preoperative complications, the intraoperative finding of extensive destructions, and the histological finding of acute changes influenced significantly the occurrence of perioperative complications. 20 @entity1 died (28.6% overall mortality), there were 9 perioperative @entity204 (perioperative survival 87.1%). The one-year survival was 73.8% the five-year survival 61.5%. Significant risk factors for the prognosis were @entity532 , positive bacteriological result of the analyzed resected valves, perioperative complications, duration of the postoperative antibiotic treatment, and the postoperative NYHA functional class. Therefore one should intervene surgically before @entity532 appear. Perioperative complications must by treated immediately, and an adequate postoperative antibiotic therapy must be guaranteed.

title: Early and late prognosis following valve replacement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis of native valves']

answer: @entity3555 :: (MESH:D004697,Disease) :: ['bacterial endocarditis of the native valve']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Societal barriers to open discussion of personal feelings and preferences relating to @entity204 may hinder planning for end of life and supporting @entity1 who are dying or bereaved. AIM: To explore views about talking about @entity204 , dying and loss. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 @entity1 ; age range 30 to 83 years. RESULTS: Making wills and communicating end of life wishes were considered very important; mostly for the sake of the family left behind. @entity1 also valued confidence to discuss other @entity1 's end of life wishes and support them appropriately if they were dying or bereaved. Many @entity1 were very comfortable talking about their own @entity204 . Identified barrier to talking about end of life wishes included not wanting to upset others; others not listening; not being about to find an appropriate moment; not knowing enough about the options available; and fear of @entity204 , especially of the unknown. Financial costs were seen as a barrier to making a will. @entity1 talked of the importance of raising awareness of what @entity204 and dying involves; what end of life options available; and the importance of communication. Information on the process of normal grieving and how to support somebody who has been bereaved were also suggested. CONCLUSION: Being able to talk about end of life wishes and know how to support @entity1 who are dying or bereaved are important to many @entity1 , and they would welcome interventions to facilitate this at a societal level.

title: PA20   Views on talking about XXXX , dying and loss.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'Participants']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Methods of palliation and the use of prophylactic gastroenterostomy in the treatment of unresectable @entity3123 remain controversial. Gastroenterostomy has been linked with various complications. We conducted a 10-year (1982-1992) retrospective review of @entity1 who had unresectable @entity3123 and underwent biliary decompression without prophylactic gastroenterostomy. 50 @entity1 were studied. Only four @entity1 (8%) developed @entity9727 and required reoperation for therapeutic gastroenterostomy. The mean time to obstruction was 15.75 months, whereas the mean overall survival was 12.99 months. The mean survival of @entity1 who underwent therapeutic gastroenterostomy was 32.25 months, with an average palliation of 16.5 months after the second operation. We conclude that @entity3123 has a rapid natural progression, and most @entity1 do not survive long enough to obstruct. The ones who do obstruct are unique in that they survive for a long period of time. We recommend that routine prophylactic gastroenterostomy is unnecessary, and selective use of gastroenterostomy should be exercised in case of present or impending @entity9727 .

title: Role of prophylactic gastroenterostomy for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal obstruction']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 rely on mobility and bodily capacity to define who they are. @entity306 has been written about how bodily incapacity towards the end of life affects a @entity1 's self-concept. Expressive Movement Therapy (EMT) (also called Dance Movement Psychotherapy) enables @entity1 to use creative movement/gestures to express themselves physically, emotionally, socially and spiritually. This is the first known research about EMT in palliative care in the UK. AIM: To explore clients' experiences of EMT in a day hospice setting. METHODS: A phenomenological/case study approach explored four clients' experiences of EMT in depth. RESULTS: @entity1 used EMT to express how their ill bodies had become obstacles to defining who they are, causing a complex interaction between physical incapacity and emotional, social and @entity158 . EMT released tension by enabling @entity1 to grieve over these losses of self, and to re-integrate with their estranged bodies to express themselves as "me completely". CONCLUSION: This research provides a new understanding of the concept of 'total @entity158 '. It links physical suffering to emotional, social, @entity158 by showing that bodily incapacity prevents @entity1 from expressing their sense of whole self. EMT helps relieve this @entity158 by offering @entity1 accessible, creative ways to reconnect with their ill, estranged bodies to express themselves as an integrated complete @entity1 . The community needs to adopt a holistic approach, which does not just focus on parts of the body, but recognises the importance of helping @entity1 sustain their self-narrative as a whole @entity1 in all dimensions of their lives.

title: WA16   If my body is ill, who am i? XXXX relief through expression of whole self.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'person', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'spiritual pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity1763 , or Perthe's syndrome, is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by cervicofacial cyanosis, @entity4125 , subconjunctival @entity548 , @entity16 , and @entity764 . It affects both adults and @entity1 after blunt @entity764 . The diagnosis of this condition is based mainly on the specific clinical signs, which should immediately bring to mind the severity of the @entity130 , the various probable types of @entity651 , and the need for screening and careful assessment of other organs that might also be injured. In this report, we describe the case of a 39-year-old male who developed @entity1763 after severe blunt @entity764 during his work at a construction site. The @entity1 had @entity1230 to the chest, abdomen, head and neck, which were treated conservatively. An associated @entity130 was successfully treated by video-assisted thoracic surgery. This @entity1 is one of five @entity1 who were admitted to Saqr Hospital in the United Arab Emirates, diagnosed with @entity1763 , and treated by mechanical ventilator, supportive measures, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy, for both diagnostic and therapeutic indications, in our unit in the period between July 2006 and June 2013. As @entity1763 is a @entity1317 , careful assessment of the @entity1 and looking for other injuries is mandatory. Treatment usually involves supportive measures to the affected organs, but surgical intervention may sometimes prove to be an important part of the treatment. Bronchoscopy should be performed for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons because of the associated pulmonary and possible @entity130 .

title: XXXX with @entity130 :    a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['petechiae']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary injuries']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injury', 'chest traumas', 'chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity1763 :: ('MESH:D001237', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic asphyxia', 'traumatic asphyxia']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['systemic injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial injuries', 'diaphragmatic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1763 :: (MESH:D001237,Disease) :: ['Traumatic asphyxia']


abstract: @entity1763 , or Perthe's syndrome, is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by cervicofacial cyanosis, @entity4125 , subconjunctival @entity548 , @entity16 , and @entity764 . It affects both adults and @entity1 after blunt @entity764 . The diagnosis of this condition is based mainly on the specific clinical signs, which should immediately bring to mind the severity of the @entity130 , the various probable types of @entity651 , and the need for screening and careful assessment of other organs that might also be injured. In this report, we describe the case of a 39-year-old male who developed @entity1763 after severe blunt @entity764 during his work at a construction site. The @entity1 had @entity1230 to the chest, abdomen, head and neck, which were treated conservatively. An associated @entity130 was successfully treated by video-assisted thoracic surgery. This @entity1 is one of five @entity1 who were admitted to Saqr Hospital in the United Arab Emirates, diagnosed with @entity1763 , and treated by mechanical ventilator, supportive measures, and fiberoptic bronchoscopy, for both diagnostic and therapeutic indications, in our unit in the period between July 2006 and June 2013. As @entity1763 is a @entity1317 , careful assessment of the @entity1 and looking for other injuries is mandatory. Treatment usually involves supportive measures to the affected organs, but surgical intervention may sometimes prove to be an important part of the treatment. Bronchoscopy should be performed for diagnostic and therapeutic reasons because of the associated pulmonary and possible @entity130 .

title: @entity1763 with XXXX :    a case report.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['diaphragmatic injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3219 is a rare @entity364 caused by dimorphic fungi @entity3218 . The causative fungus persists in soil, infects through inhalation and manifests in three main types-acute primary, chronic cavitary and progressive disseminated @entity3219 . @entity3219 ( @entity3219 ) is defined as a clinical condition where the fungus is present in more than one location. Among the forms of @entity3219 , @entity3219 is the rarest and mostly found in an immuno-compromised individual. Here we are presenting our experiences of the series of cases of @entity3219 in immuno-competent individuals who have been diagnosed in our institute in last 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single centre retrospective observational study, conducted in Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, which is a referral centre for Eastern India, from May 2009 to April 2014. Only cases with @entity3219 in otherwise healthy immuno-competent individuals were included in the study. The @entity3219 was confirmed either by presence of Histoplasma in biopsy specimen from an extrapulmonary organ or by positive growth in fungal culture. RESULT: Total seven @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Five out of 7 @entity1 were male. The mean age was 35 years. Five of the 7 @entity1 presented with fever for a long duration. Six @entity1 complained of significant @entity353 before diagnosis. On examination, one @entity1 had skin nodules, five @entity1 had hepato- @entity381 , and two @entity1 had @entity3329 . The laboratory investigations revealed @entity417 in six out of 7 @entity1 , and @entity3043 in 3 @entity1 . Two @entity1 had features of the @entity9058 in the bone marrow. All @entity1 were treated with conventional @entity2379 deoxycholate and @entity5638 antifungal. One @entity1 with adrenal involvement died in hospital. The @entity1 with skin nodule had recurrent relapses. The other @entity1 had resolution of symptoms and were clinically cured. CONCLUSION: @entity3219 is not an uncommon aetiology of fever of prolonged duration even in immuno-competent individual and should be kept as a differential diagnosis. Targeted investigation through early bone marrow biopsy and fungal culture may help in the diagnosis of @entity3219 . Imaging study to exclude adrenal involvement prevents case fatality. @entity1503 may be due to a secondary @entity9058 , which improves with anti-fungal therapy. Treatment with either @entity2379 or @entity2059 gives excellent outcome though therapy may have to be given for a prolonged period in case of relapses.

title: XXXX in Immunocompetent Individuals- not a so Rare Entity, in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis', 'Disseminated Histoplasmosis', 'Histoplasmosis', 'DH']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity3219 :: (MESH:D006660,Disease) :: ['Disseminated Histoplasmosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: - @entity943 origin in close proximity to the @entity129 ( @entity129 ) can hinder successful catheter ablation. We describe our approach with @entity129 in such instances. METHODS AND RESULTS: - @entity129 displacement via percutaneous pericardial access was attempted in 13 @entity1 (age 49  16y, 9 females) with either @entity591 ( @entity591 ; 6 @entity1 ) or @entity955 triggered from a superior vena cava focus (1 @entity1 ) adjacent to the right @entity129 or epicardial @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) origin adjacent to the left @entity129 (6 @entity1 ). An epicardially placed steerable sheath/4mm-catheter combination (5 @entity1 ) or a vascular or an esophageal balloon (8 @entity1 ) was ultimately successful. Balloon placement was often difficult requiring manipulation via a steerable sheath. In 2 @entity1165 cases, absence of @entity129 capture was achieved only once the balloon was directly over the ablation catheter. In 3 @entity591 @entity1 , @entity129 displacement was not possible with a balloon, however a steerable sheath/catheter combination was ultimately successful. @entity129 displacement allowed acute abolishment of all targeted @entity943 . No @entity128 occurred acutely or in follow up. Two @entity1 developed acute complications ( @entity292 1, pericardial bleeding 1). Survival free of target @entity943 was achieved in all @entity591 @entity1 , however a non-targeted @entity1165 recurred in 1 @entity1 at a median of 13 months' follow up. CONCLUSIONS: - @entity943 originating in close proximity to the @entity129 can be targeted successfully with @entity129 displacement with an epicardially placed steerable sheath/catheter combination, or balloon, but this strategy can be difficult to implement. Better tools for @entity129 protection are desirable.

title: Epicardial Phrenic Nerve Displacement during Catheter Ablation of Atrial and XXXX : Procedural Experience and Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial PN displacement', 'PN', 'phrenic nerve']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['PN injury']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['pleuro-pericardial fistula']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia', 'Arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Arrhythmias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The syndinean dinoflagellate Euduboscquella costata @entity8891 ., an intracellular parasite of the tintinnid ciliate Schmidingerella arcuata, was discovered from Korean coastal water in November of 2013. Euduboscquella costata parasitized in about 62% of the host population, with @entity281 intensity (= number of trophonts in a single host cell) ranging from 1 to 8. Based on morphology and nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences, the parasite is new to science. Euduboscquella costata @entity8891 . had an @entity281 cycle typical of the genus, but had morphological and developmental features that distinguished it from congeneric species. These features include: (1) episome of the trophont with 25-40 grooves converging toward the center of the shield; (2) a narrow, funnel-shaped lamina pharyngea extending from the margin of the episomal shield to the nucleus; (3) persistence of grooves during extracellular development (sporogenesis); (4) a single food vacuole during sporogenesis; (5) separation of sporocytes early in sporogenesis, regardless of type of spore formed; and (6) dinospore size (ca. 14   m in length) and shape (bulbous episome with narrower, tapering hyposome). After sporogenesis, E. costata produced four different types of spore that showed completely identical 18S rRNA gene sequences. The gene sequence was completely identical with a previously reported population, Euduboscquella sp. ex S. arcuata, from Assawoman Bay, USA, indicating that the two populations are likely conspecific. Favella ehrenbergii, a widely recorded tintinnid known to host Euduboscquella spp., co-occurred with S. arcuata, but was not infected by E. costata in field samples or during short-term, @entity580 experiments.

title: Euduboscquella costata XXXX . (Dinoflagellata, Syndinea), an Intracellular Parasite of the Ciliate Schmidingerella arcuata: Morphology, Molecular Phylogeny, Life Cycle, Prevalence, and Infection Intensity.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['cross-infection']

answer: @entity8891 :: (42353,Species) :: ['n. sp']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 nomogram designed by Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) is an online prediction tool to predict overall survival for individual @entity1 after curative resection. However, this model was never externally validated. We evaluated the accuracy of this nomogram in an independent external Chinese cohort. METHODS: Clinical data from 1005 @entity1 who underwent primary curative-intent surgery at Peking University Cancer Hospital _ Institute between 1996 and 2008 were used for external validation. Clinicopathologic characteristics and the performance of the MSKCC nomogram for prediction of overall survival were evaluated for 985 @entity1 with complete data by using concordance index (C-index) and calibration plot. RESULTS: The C-index for the MSKCC nomogram was 0.71 in the Chinese cohort, compared with 0.67 for American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P  <  .0001). This suggests that the nomogram discriminates overall survival better than AJCC staging system. Calibration plot showed a good calibration of the nomogram in the validation cohort. Furthermore, the MSKCC nomogram prediction illustrated the heterogeneity for survival of Chinese @entity1 within each AJCC stage. CONCLUSIONS: The MSKCC nomogram for @entity694 provides more accurate survival predictions than the AJCC staging system when applied to an external Chinese cohort. The MSKCC nomogram improved individualized prediction of survival and may aid in more accurate @entity1 counseling, selection of various treatment options, and follow-up scheduling.

title: Validation of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Nomogram to Predict Overall Survival After Curative Colectomy in a Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'Colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer Population']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) may lead to complete @entity5 regression in @entity5 @entity1 . Prediction of complete response to nCRT may allow a personalized management of @entity5 and spare @entity1 from unnecessary radical total mesorectal excision with or without sphincter preservation. To identify a gene expression signature capable of predicting complete pathological response (pCR) to nCRT, we performed a gene expression analysis in 25 pretreatment biopsies from @entity1 who underwent 5FU-based nCRT using RNA-Seq. A supervised learning algorithm was used to identify expression signatures capable of predicting pCR, and the predictive value of these signatures was validated using independent samples. We also evaluated the utility of previously published signatures in predicting complete response in our cohort. We identified 27 differentially expressed genes between @entity1 with pCR and @entity1 with incomplete responses to nCRT. Predictive gene signatures using subsets of these 27 differentially expressed genes peaked at 81.8% accuracy. However, signatures with the highest sensitivity showed poor specificity, and vice-versa, when applied in an independent set of @entity1 . Testing previously published signatures on our cohort also showed poor predictive value. Our results indicate that currently available predictive signatures are highly dependent on the sample set from which they are derived, and their accuracy is not superior to current imaging and clinical parameters used to assess response to nCRT and guide surgical intervention.

title: Comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of gene expression signatures to predict complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and guide surgical intervention in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Early access to Emergency Medical Services determines survival in out-of-hospital @entity1167 . However, a significant proportion of adults do not know the emergency phone number (EN) and no intervention has been proposed to improve it. Therefore, we aimed to assess prospectively the effectiveness of single advice from a physician on knowledge of the EN in adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted among @entity1 of "Health, @entity285 and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe" study. A total of 942 @entity1 (aged 48-82 years) randomly selected from an urban population registry were interviewed and then instructed about the correct EN (the intervention group). After 12 months knowledge of the EN was assessed in the intervention group (n = 716) and in matched control group (n = 435). RESULTS: The correct EN was given by 498 (69.6%) @entity1 at baseline and in 550 (76.8%) @entity1 12 months afterwards (p< 0.001). At follow-up the knowledge of EN was higher by in intervention group than in controls (76.8% vs 70.6%, p = 0.02). Factors associated with better educational effect were male sex (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.04-2.1) and secondary or higher level of education (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.08-1.91). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that a single instruction about the EN from a physician increases its long-term knowledge and should be offered during medical visits. KEY WORDS: emergency number, single advice, population intervention.

title: Effectiveness of single medical advice on emergency phone numer knowledge in urban adult population - "Health, XXXX and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe" substudy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The challenges of comparative effectiveness to support health technology assessment (HTA) agencies are important considerations in the choices of antipsychotic medications for the treatment of @entity161 . OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to assess the study methods used and outcomes reported in the published literature to address the question of comparative effectiveness of newer antipsychotic agents and the adequacy and availability of evidence to support HTA agencies. DATA SOURCE: A systematic search of the PubMed database from 1 January 2009 to 30 September 2013 was conducted to identify studies evaluating new atypical antipsychotics reporting on comparative effectiveness. STUDY SELECTION: The systematic review comprised of studies on @entity161 @entity1 where at least two drugs were being compared and at least one treatment group received one of the following second-generation antipsychotics: @entity1090 , @entity1037 , @entity1770 , @entity7302 , @entity15177 , @entity41941 , @entity8409 , and @entity1089 . The included studies were also required to have an efficacy, safety or economic outcome, such as Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score, @entity1017 , resource utilization, or costs. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: Two reviewers (BW and GK) independently applied the inclusion criteria. Disagreements between reviewers were resolved by consensus, referring to the original sources. Information on the methodology and outcomes was collected for each included study. This included study description, head-to-head drug comparison, @entity1 population, study methodology, statistical methods, reported outcomes, study support, and journal type. RESULTS: A total of 198 studies were identified from electronic search methods. The largest category of studies was randomized controlled trials [RCTs] (N  =  73; 36.9  %), which were largely directed at the regulatory endpoint. Fewer studies were undertaken for HTA-purposes cohort studies (N  =  53; 26.8  %), meta-analyses (N  =  32; 16.2  %), economic studies (N  =  14; 7.1  %), and cross-sectional studies (N  =  13; 6.6  %). Direct head-to-head comparisons preferred by HTA were dominated by the comparison involving @entity1037 and @entity1090 , representing 149 (75.3  %) and 119 (60.1  %) studies, respectively. RCTs, which are the primary study type for regulatory submissions, showed a lack of bias. Studies aimed at HTA were not as well performed. Cohort studies suffered from bias in the selection of comparison groups, lack of control for confounders, and differential dropout rates. As a group, cross-sectional studies scored poorly for bias, with a primary failure to identify a representative sample. Economic studies showed highly variable bias, with bias in the representation of effectiveness data, model assumptions without validation, and lack of sensitivity analyses. LIMITATIONS: One limitation of this systematic review is that it only included studies from 2009 to 2013, potentially excluding some earlier comparator studies, particularly those involving first-generation antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS: This review of comparative effectiveness studies of second-generation antipsychotic agents for @entity161 @entity1 revealed a wide range of study types, study methodologies, and outcomes. For traditional efficacy outcomes and select safety outcomes, there is strong evidence from many well-conducted studies; however, there are fewer studies of types preferred by HTA with limited head-to-head comparisons and a higher risk of bias in the execution of these studies.

title: Systematic Literature Review of the Methods Used to Compare Newer Second-Generation Agents for the Management of XXXX : A focus on Health Technology Assessment.

entities_list: @entity7302 :: ('MESH:C079150', 'Chemical') :: ['paliperidone']

entities_list: @entity15177 :: ('MESH:C522667', 'Chemical') :: ['asenapine']

entities_list: @entity8409 :: ('MESH:C525644', 'Chemical') :: ['lurasidone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity41941 :: ('MESH:C081732', 'Chemical') :: ['iloperidone']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe form of @entity3570 , one of the most common @entity154 . Although open fetal surgical repair of the MMC defect has been shown to result in improved outcomes, a less invasive approach applicable earlier in gestation than the current open surgical approach between 19 and 26 weeks of gestation is desirable for further improvement of neurological symptoms, as well as reduction of maternal and fetal risks. We previously reported the therapeutic potential of a scaffold-based tissue engineering approach in a fetal @entity35 MMC model. The objective of this study was to confirm the long-term efficacy of this approach in the surgically created fetal @entity742 MMC model. Gelatin-based or gelatin/collagen hybrid sponges were prepared with and without @entity25195 ( @entity25195 ) incorporation. The defect was covered by a sponge and secured by a supporting sheet with adhesive at 100 days of gestation or the gelatin/collagen hybrid with @entity25195 was secured with adhesive without the sheet. Although sheets were found detached at term (140 days' gestation), both gelatin-based and gelatin/collagen hybrid sponges had integrated within the newly formed granulation tissue, resulting in complete coverage of the MMC defect. The release of @entity25195 from sponges resulted in enhanced formation of granulation tissue and epithelialization. There was also evidence of improved preservation of the spinal cord with less associated damage on histological analysis and reversal of hindbrain herniation. These experiments provide important proof-of-principle evidence of the efficacy of scaffold-based tissue engineered coverage for the prenatal treatment of MMC.

title: Complete tissue coverage achieved by scaffold-based tissue engineering in the fetal XXXX model of Myelomeningocele.

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity25195 :: ('443306(Tax:9940)', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More detailed understanding of herpes zoster (HZ) is called for in the context of an increasing observed frequency of disease, and ongoing discussions regarding potential consequences of the disease. Thus, population-based data on incidence and complications of HZ are needed. METHODS: We conducted a register-based cohort study in V  stra G  taland County (population 1.5 million) in Sweden. We collected data on all @entity1 diagnosed with HZ during the years 2008 to 2010 from population-based registers. Incidence rates (IR) of HZ and related complications were calculated and stratified by age and sex. RESULTS: There were 13 269 new HZ cases during the study period. Overall, the IR of herpes zoster in both genders was 3.25 (95  % CI: 3.16-3.34) per 1000 @entity1 years in 2010. The incidence was consistently higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 and in older than in young. A history of immunosuppression was more common than in the general population. The incidence was highest in individuals over 80  years of age (IR 9.2 per 1000 @entity1 years, 95  % CI: 8.8-9.6) during 2008-2010. The most common complications to HZ were ocular engagement and @entity14000 ; risks for @entity64 and @entity295 were significantly elevated during the one year following diagnosis, especially in the youngest age group of @entity1 0-39 years. CONCLUSIONS: Herpes zoster is more common in @entity1 , the elderly and immunosuppressed individuals. We verify a population-based association between herpes zoster and risk for @entity64 and @entity295 , which may merit concern.

title: Incidence of herpes zoster and associated events including XXXX -a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: A 26-year-old @entity1 had a history of severe @entity483 . He was taking immunosuppressive drug. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)had been performed for @entity884 March 2008. He came to our hospital in July 2012 complaining of fever of 39 degrees Celsius. According to computed tomography(CT) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), we diagnosed that he had @entity999 and @entity2348 . Antibiotic treatment was performed for 2 weeks after the onset of @entity385 . Then we conducted re-MVR. The postoperative course was satisfactory. He showed a gradual improvement in the level of consciousness and was discharged. In @entity1 with @entity483 , bacteria can penetrate into the blood from the skin easily. So they are often affected by @entity2259 . There are some reports that @entity884 is likely to occur in immunosuppressed @entity1 . It is suggested that immunosuppressive drug was involved in the development of @entity340 (PVE)in addition to @entity483 in this @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX using Immunosuppressive Agent for @entity483 ;Report of a Case].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection of prosthetic valve']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis']


abstract: A 26-year-old @entity1 had a history of severe @entity483 . He was taking immunosuppressive drug. Mitral valve replacement (MVR)had been performed for @entity884 March 2008. He came to our hospital in July 2012 complaining of fever of 39 degrees Celsius. According to computed tomography(CT) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), we diagnosed that he had @entity999 and @entity2348 . Antibiotic treatment was performed for 2 weeks after the onset of @entity385 . Then we conducted re-MVR. The postoperative course was satisfactory. He showed a gradual improvement in the level of consciousness and was discharged. In @entity1 with @entity483 , bacteria can penetrate into the blood from the skin easily. So they are often affected by @entity2259 . There are some reports that @entity884 is likely to occur in immunosuppressed @entity1 . It is suggested that immunosuppressive drug was involved in the development of @entity340 (PVE)in addition to @entity483 in this @entity1 .

title: [ @entity340 using Immunosuppressive Agent for XXXX ;Report of a Case].

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['Atopic Dermatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Red blood cell (RBC) @entity5155 is a significant clinical complication of @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). It can lead to difficulty with cross-matching for future transfusions and may sometimes trigger life-threatening delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. We conducted a retrospective study to explore the association of clinical complications and age of RBC with @entity5155 in @entity1 with @entity3458 followed at a single institution from 2005 to 2012. One hundred and sixty six @entity1 with a total of 488 RBC transfusions were evaluated. Nineteen @entity1 (11%) developed new alloantibodies following blood transfusions during the period of review. The median age of RBC units was 20 days (interquartile range: 14-27 days). RBC antibody formation was significantly associated with the age of RBC units (P   =   0.002), with a hazard ratio of 3.5 (95% CI: 1.71-7.11) for a RBC unit that was 7 days old and 9.8 (95% CI: 2.66-35.97) for a unit that was 35 days old, 28 days after the blood transfusion. No association was observed between RBC @entity5155 and @entity432 . Although increased echocardiography-derived tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity ( @entity15510 ) was associated with the presence of RBC alloantibodies (P   =   0.02), @entity15510 was not significantly associated with @entity5155 when adjusted for @entity1 age and number of transfused RBC units. Our study suggests that RBC antibody formation is significantly associated with older age of RBCs at the time of transfusion. Prospective studies in @entity1 with @entity3458 are required to confirm this finding. Am. J. Hematol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Alloimmunization is associated with older age of transfused red blood cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5155 :: ('MESH:C536394', 'Disease') :: ['alloimmunization']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute vaso-occlusive complications']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: @entity19 carrying the bacterial lacl gene in a lambda shuttle vector were used to isolate and characterize background and @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced mutations in skin. Adult male @entity19 were treated once topically with either @entity106 or @entity1324 or were left untreated. Seven days later, @entity106 treatment had significantly increased the mutant frequency in the skin (mean +/- SEM, 36 +/- 3 x 10(-5)) versus in vehicle-treated (6.4 +/- 1.2 x 10(-5)) and untreated @entity19 (7.1 x 1.0 x 10(-5)). At least 10 mutants from each of three @entity106 -treated and three untreated @entity19 were selected for DNA sequence analysis. In each case, the entire 1080-bp target gene was sequenced. Base-pair substitutions predominated (86 of 96 mutations), although frameshift and deletion mutations were also detected. Twelve percent of the mutants carried more than one mutation. In controls, the mutations were predominantly @entity54202 transitions (26 of 42), and no @entity13009 transversions were recovered. In contrast, in the @entity106 -treated @entity19 , @entity13009 transversions represented 42% of the mutations (23 of 54) and @entity54202 transitions accounted for only 11%. The @entity13009 transversions occurred mostly at 5'-CA sites. This class of mutation has been recovered frequently in ras genes from @entity106 -treated @entity19 and probably represents an early event in @entity105 ( @entity2704 et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6398-6402, 1992). Our present results are consistent with the types of DNA damage induced by @entity106 . The observation of different mutant frequencies and spectra in treated and control @entity19 demonstrates the utility of this approach in the study of mutagenesis in vivo.

title: Mutational spectra in the lacl gene in skin from XXXX -treated and untreated @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity54202 :: ('c|SUB|GC||AT', 'DNAMutation') :: ['GC-->AT']

entities_list: @entity13009 :: ('c|SUB|AT||TA', 'DNAMutation') :: ['AT-->TA']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity3653 :: (CHEBI:254496,Chemical) :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']


abstract: @entity19 carrying the bacterial lacl gene in a lambda shuttle vector were used to isolate and characterize background and @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced mutations in skin. Adult male @entity19 were treated once topically with either @entity106 or @entity1324 or were left untreated. Seven days later, @entity106 treatment had significantly increased the mutant frequency in the skin (mean +/- SEM, 36 +/- 3 x 10(-5)) versus in vehicle-treated (6.4 +/- 1.2 x 10(-5)) and untreated @entity19 (7.1 x 1.0 x 10(-5)). At least 10 mutants from each of three @entity106 -treated and three untreated @entity19 were selected for DNA sequence analysis. In each case, the entire 1080-bp target gene was sequenced. Base-pair substitutions predominated (86 of 96 mutations), although frameshift and deletion mutations were also detected. Twelve percent of the mutants carried more than one mutation. In controls, the mutations were predominantly @entity54202 transitions (26 of 42), and no @entity13009 transversions were recovered. In contrast, in the @entity106 -treated @entity19 , @entity13009 transversions represented 42% of the mutations (23 of 54) and @entity54202 transitions accounted for only 11%. The @entity13009 transversions occurred mostly at 5'-CA sites. This class of mutation has been recovered frequently in ras genes from @entity106 -treated @entity19 and probably represents an early event in @entity105 ( @entity2704 et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6398-6402, 1992). Our present results are consistent with the types of DNA damage induced by @entity106 . The observation of different mutant frequencies and spectra in treated and control @entity19 demonstrates the utility of this approach in the study of mutagenesis in vivo.

title: Mutational spectra in the lacl gene in skin from @entity3653 -treated and untreated XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1897 and @entity455 are important risk factors for @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ). Buerger exercises for @entity1 with @entity432 have previously been noted; however, current evidence to support this intervention is limited. AIM: We established a standardized procedure for Buerger exercises combined with a health-promoting program and investigated its effectiveness in reducing @entity1897 among rural Taiwanese residents with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were at high risk of developing @entity4760 . METHODS: A one group quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used. The Buerger exercise protocol composed of a three-step posture change with 9 minutes for each cycle. The health-promoting program composed of six dimensions of healthy habits. Outcome measurements 1 year after the beginning of the intervention included the ankle brachial pressure index (ABI), the @entity16 screening instrument (MNSI), blood pressure, frequency of self-reported leg discomfort, and a @entity164 2 @entity6 Promoting Score. FINDINGS: Thirty-one of 66 (47%) subjects completed this study. Buerger exercises combined with the health-promoting program significantly improved (a) the ABI in the legs, (b) health-promoting behaviors, (c) MNSI values, and (d) leg discomfort symptoms. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: This study supports the use of Buerger exercises combined with the health-promoting program to improve symptoms of @entity1897 and peripheral circulation in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Effects of Buerger Exercise Combined Health-Promoting Program on @entity1897 Among Community Residents at High Risk for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Health', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Michigan neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy', 'Peripheral neuropathy', 'peripheral neurovasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['DFU', 'diabetic foot ulceration']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Foot Ulceration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1897 and @entity455 are important risk factors for @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ). Buerger exercises for @entity1 with @entity432 have previously been noted; however, current evidence to support this intervention is limited. AIM: We established a standardized procedure for Buerger exercises combined with a health-promoting program and investigated its effectiveness in reducing @entity1897 among rural Taiwanese residents with @entity164 2 @entity6 who were at high risk of developing @entity4760 . METHODS: A one group quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used. The Buerger exercise protocol composed of a three-step posture change with 9 minutes for each cycle. The health-promoting program composed of six dimensions of healthy habits. Outcome measurements 1 year after the beginning of the intervention included the ankle brachial pressure index (ABI), the @entity16 screening instrument (MNSI), blood pressure, frequency of self-reported leg discomfort, and a @entity164 2 @entity6 Promoting Score. FINDINGS: Thirty-one of 66 (47%) subjects completed this study. Buerger exercises combined with the health-promoting program significantly improved (a) the ABI in the legs, (b) health-promoting behaviors, (c) MNSI values, and (d) leg discomfort symptoms. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: This study supports the use of Buerger exercises combined with the health-promoting program to improve symptoms of @entity1897 and peripheral circulation in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Effects of Buerger Exercise Combined Health-Promoting Program on XXXX Among Community Residents at High Risk for @entity4760 .

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Peripheral Neurovasculopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is a widely used intervention approach to enhance motor recovery in @entity1 after @entity64 , but its effects on functional improvement remained uncertain. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is one potential adjuvant intervention approach to @entity34 that could directly activate the stimulated muscles and improve functional use of the paretic hand. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Thirty-nine individuals with @entity64 were randomly assigned to the @entity34 combined with NMES ( @entity34   +   ES) or to @entity34 with sham stimulation ( @entity34   +   Sham) groups. The @entity1 completed the intervention 90 to 100  minutes/day, 5  days/week for 4  weeks. The outcome measures included the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (UE-FMA), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and @entity64 Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS). All outcome measures were assessed before and after intervention, and the UE-FMA, MAL, and SIS were reassessed at 3  months of follow-up. RESULTS: Compared with the @entity34   +   Sham group, the @entity34   +   ES group demonstrated greater improvements in wrist flexor MAS score, WMFT quality of movement, and the hand function domain of the SIS. For other outcome measures, both groups improved significantly after the interventions, but no group differences were found. CONCLUSION: @entity34   +   ES induced significant benefits in reducing wrist flexor @entity508 and in hand @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity64 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT01655446.

title: Effects of combining robot-assisted therapy with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on motor impairment, motor and daily function, and quality of life in @entity1 with XXXX : a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement quality']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Robot-assisted therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is a widely used intervention approach to enhance motor recovery in @entity1 after @entity64 , but its effects on functional improvement remained uncertain. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is one potential adjuvant intervention approach to @entity34 that could directly activate the stimulated muscles and improve functional use of the paretic hand. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Thirty-nine individuals with @entity64 were randomly assigned to the @entity34 combined with NMES ( @entity34   +   ES) or to @entity34 with sham stimulation ( @entity34   +   Sham) groups. The @entity1 completed the intervention 90 to 100  minutes/day, 5  days/week for 4  weeks. The outcome measures included the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (UE-FMA), modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and @entity64 Impact Scale 3.0 (SIS). All outcome measures were assessed before and after intervention, and the UE-FMA, MAL, and SIS were reassessed at 3  months of follow-up. RESULTS: Compared with the @entity34   +   Sham group, the @entity34   +   ES group demonstrated greater improvements in wrist flexor MAS score, WMFT quality of movement, and the hand function domain of the SIS. For other outcome measures, both groups improved significantly after the interventions, but no group differences were found. CONCLUSION: @entity34   +   ES induced significant benefits in reducing wrist flexor @entity508 and in hand @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity64 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT01655446.

title: Effects of combining robot-assisted therapy with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on motor impairment, motor and daily function, and quality of life in XXXX with @entity64 : a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Goiter is localized or generalized @entity1184 . It is usually cervical, but may show intra-thoracic development beyond the thoracic inlet and down to the mediastinum: i.e., @entity13209 . The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical profile of @entity13209 and the difficulties of management. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study included 50  cases from our ENT department. RESULTS: Mean age was 47  years, with a sex ratio of 0.06. Clinical symptomatology was dominated by medial anterior cervical swelling. Compression signs were observed in 26  @entity1 , and cervical lymph nodes in 3. Mean time to consultation was 7  years. Fiberoptic endoscopy found @entity3746 in 3  @entity1 . Cervical ultrasonography was the first-line diagnostic test. Cervical-thoracic CT scan was requested in 45  @entity1 to study thoracic extension and the relation of the thyroid mass with the supra-aortic vascular axes. Treatment systematically comprised total thyroidectomy on a cervical approach. There were 6  cases of @entity5 . DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION: Substernal goitre is fairly frequent. Despite particularities, an exclusively cervical approach is sufficient in a large majority of cases. The substernal nature of the goitre did not have major @entity260 .

title: XXXX : Experience with 50  cases.

entities_list: @entity13209 :: ('MESH:D006045', 'Disease') :: ['substernal goiter']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['impact on postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord palsy']

answer: @entity13209 :: (MESH:D006045,Disease) :: ['Substernal goiter']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Advances in vascular reconstruction devices and coil technologies have made coil embolization a popular and effective strategy for treatment of relatively wide-neck @entity438 . However, coil protrusion occurs occasionally, and little is known about the frequency, the risk factors and the risk of @entity887 . METHOD: We assessed the frequency and the risk factors for coil protrusion in 330 unruptured @entity439 cases, and examined the occurrence of @entity385 by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). RESULT: Forty-four instances of coil protrusion were encountered during coil embolization (13.3% of cases), but incidence was reduced to 33 (10% of cases) by balloon press or insertion of the next coil. Coil protrusion occurred more frequently during the last phase of the procedure, and both a wide neck (large fundus to neck ratio) (OR   =   1.84, P   =   0.03) and an inadequately stable neck frame (OR   =   5.49, P   =   0.0007) increased protrusion risk. Coil protrusions did not increase the incidence of high-intensity lesions ( @entity1188 ) on DW-MRI (33.3% vs 29% of cases with no coil protrusion). However, longer operation time did increase infarct risk (P   =   0.0003). Thus, tail or loop type coil protrusion did not increase the risk of @entity887 , if adequate blood flow was maintained. CONCLUSION: Coil protrusion tended to occur more frequently in cases of @entity439 with loose neck framing. Moderate and less coil protrusion carries no additional thrombo-embolic risk, if blood flow is maintained, which can be aided by additional post-operative antiplatelet therapy.

title: Risk factors for coil protrusion into the parent artery and associated XXXX following @entity438 .

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['thrombo-embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['wide-neck aneurysms', 'aneurysm embolization']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['thrombo-embolic events']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Advances in vascular reconstruction devices and coil technologies have made coil embolization a popular and effective strategy for treatment of relatively wide-neck @entity438 . However, coil protrusion occurs occasionally, and little is known about the frequency, the risk factors and the risk of @entity887 . METHOD: We assessed the frequency and the risk factors for coil protrusion in 330 unruptured @entity439 cases, and examined the occurrence of @entity385 by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). RESULT: Forty-four instances of coil protrusion were encountered during coil embolization (13.3% of cases), but incidence was reduced to 33 (10% of cases) by balloon press or insertion of the next coil. Coil protrusion occurred more frequently during the last phase of the procedure, and both a wide neck (large fundus to neck ratio) (OR   =   1.84, P   =   0.03) and an inadequately stable neck frame (OR   =   5.49, P   =   0.0007) increased protrusion risk. Coil protrusions did not increase the incidence of high-intensity lesions ( @entity1188 ) on DW-MRI (33.3% vs 29% of cases with no coil protrusion). However, longer operation time did increase infarct risk (P   =   0.0003). Thus, tail or loop type coil protrusion did not increase the risk of @entity887 , if adequate blood flow was maintained. CONCLUSION: Coil protrusion tended to occur more frequently in cases of @entity439 with loose neck framing. Moderate and less coil protrusion carries no additional thrombo-embolic risk, if blood flow is maintained, which can be aided by additional post-operative antiplatelet therapy.

title: Risk factors for coil protrusion into the parent artery and associated @entity887 following XXXX .

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['unruptured cerebral aneurysm embolization']