abstract: Forty-two @entity1 with measurable advanced @entity14 were treated with sequential @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), followed by @entity4181 rescue. Twenty-one @entity1 had received prior chemotherapy, mainly @entity1487 (group 1) and remaining 21 @entity1 had not been previously treated by cytotoxic agents (group 2). Two different treatment schedules were used. Regimen I (27 @entity1 ): @entity1500 250 mg/m2 was infused over 1 hour. Two hours from start @entity1487 600 mg/m2 was given as intravenous bolus. @entity4181 rescue started 24 hours after @entity1500 infusion. Regimen II (15 @entity1 ): @entity1500 250 mg/m2 was given as 1-hour infusion. Three hours after the start of @entity1500 a 46-hour @entity1487 infusion (2000 mg/m2) was started. @entity4181 rescue as in regimen I. The chemotherapy courses were repeated every second week. After 3 cycles only one @entity1 had partial response, 33 had no change and 8 progressive disease. The median time until progression was 2 1/2 months in group 1 and 4 months in group 2. The median survival was 7 months in group 1 and 10 1/2 months in group 2. Almost identical results were obtained by the two treatment schedules. The @entity137 of both regimens was low.

title: Sequential @entity1487 and @entity1499 . Negative experience in metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Forty-two @entity1 with measurable advanced @entity14 were treated with sequential @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), followed by @entity4181 rescue. Twenty-one @entity1 had received prior chemotherapy, mainly @entity1487 (group 1) and remaining 21 @entity1 had not been previously treated by cytotoxic agents (group 2). Two different treatment schedules were used. Regimen I (27 @entity1 ): @entity1500 250 mg/m2 was infused over 1 hour. Two hours from start @entity1487 600 mg/m2 was given as intravenous bolus. @entity4181 rescue started 24 hours after @entity1500 infusion. Regimen II (15 @entity1 ): @entity1500 250 mg/m2 was given as 1-hour infusion. Three hours after the start of @entity1500 a 46-hour @entity1487 infusion (2000 mg/m2) was started. @entity4181 rescue as in regimen I. The chemotherapy courses were repeated every second week. After 3 cycles only one @entity1 had partial response, 33 had no change and 8 progressive disease. The median time until progression was 2 1/2 months in group 1 and 4 months in group 2. The median survival was 7 months in group 1 and 10 1/2 months in group 2. Almost identical results were obtained by the two treatment schedules. The @entity137 of both regimens was low.

title: Sequential XXXX and @entity1499 . Negative experience in metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Folinic acid', 'folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beach volleyball is an intensive sport with high impact on the lumbar spine. @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) is frequent among elite players. Increased prevalence of pathological changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the lumbar spine of elite athletes has been reported. HYPOTHESIS: There is an increased prevalence of @entity1797 and spondylolysis in the MRI of the lumbar spine of professional beach volleyball players. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Twenty-nine fully competitive professional male volleyball players (mean age, 28 years) completed outcomes questionnaires and underwent a complete clinical examination and an MRI of their lumbar spine. RESULTS: Whereas 86% of players suffered from @entity1643 during their career, the incidence of @entity1643 in the last 4 weeks was 35%. @entity158 rated using a visual analog scale (VAS) averaged 3 points (range, 0-8). Twenty-three of 29 players (79%) had at least 1 degenerated disc of Pfirrmann grade >= 3. The most affected spinal levels were L4-5 in 14 (48%) and L5-S1 in 15 players (52%); both levels were involved in 5 players (17%). Six of 29 (21%) players showed a spondylolysis grade 4 according to the Hollenburg classification; there was evidence of spondylolisthesis in 2 players. There was no significant correlation between @entity1643 and @entity854 . CONCLUSION: In the lumbar spine MRI of professional beach volleyball players, the prevalence of @entity1797 is 79%. Spondylolysis (21%) is up to 3 times higher compared with the normal population. Abnormal MRI findings did not correlate with @entity1643 , thus MRIs have to be interpreted with caution.

title: High Prevalence of XXXX and Spondylolysis in the Lumbar Spine of Professional Beach Volleyball Players.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['MRI abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain', 'LBP']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['Disc Degeneration']


abstract: Myocardial salvage assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) holds promise as a surrogate endpoint in studies comparing different treatment strategies for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of salvaged myocardium measurements by CMRI. Twenty @entity1 underwent CMRI on 2 consecutive days early after reperfused @entity583 to assess the area at risk (AAR) on T2-weighted and final @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) on delayed enhancement images. @entity296 ( @entity296 ) was calculated (AAR minus @entity1188 ). Agreement between @entity22740 for the AAR, @entity1188 and @entity296 were analyzed using Bland-Altman analyses. Inter- and intraobserver reliability were assessed. Paired t testing revealed a trend for a significant difference for @entity296 between @entity22740 ( @entity22740 : 43.8      22.5; scan 2: 45.5      22.0; P  =  0.052). The average difference for AAR and @entity1188 between @entity22740 and scan 2 was -0.5 (upper limit of agreement 5.4% of left ventricular [LV] volume; lower limit of agreement -6.4%LV) and 0.1%LV (upper limit of agreement 2.3%LV; lower limit of agreement -2.1%LV). The corresponding calculated @entity296 measurements showed a mean bias of -1.7 (upper limit of agreement 5.5; lower limit of agreement -8.9). Coefficients of repeatability for interobserver variability were 3.6%LV for AAR, 2.4%LV for @entity1188 and 5.4 for @entity296 . Likewise, for intraobserver variability, coefficients of repeatability were 5.0%LV (AAR), 2.4%LV ( @entity1188 ) and 4.8 ( @entity296 ). Assessment of myocardial salvage by CMRI shows acceptable reliability. Further validation studies and trials showing the prognostic value of myocardial salvage by CMRI are needed before routine implementation as a surrogate endpoint in @entity583 trials.

title: Reliability of myocardial salvage assessment by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in acute reperfused XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial salvage index', 'MSI']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'infarct size']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Antiangiogenic treatment has recently become an integral part of modern @entity5 therapy targeting the vasculature of numerous aggressive @entity5 including @entity463 . There is preclinical evidence that antiangiogenic therapies promote @entity11 cell invasiveness. In clinical series, upon progression on antiangiogenic therapy with the vascular endothelial growth factor-directed antibody bevacizumab ( @entity1493 ), @entity463 has been reported to display a more infiltrative pattern of recurrence. This distant spread at recurrence or progression and a @entity851 pattern is best detectable on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI. The frequency of up to 20% to 30% of such a pattern in @entity1493 -treated @entity1 is higher than expected to occur without @entity1493 . Older reports and common clinical knowledge estimate the frequency of diffuse or distant spread in recurrent @entity463 at 10%. This observation stimulated two streams of research. One is to overcome this often insidious adverse effect of antiangiogenic treatment, to optimize antiangiogenic therapies and to face this major challenge, integrating antiangiogenic with anti-invasive mechanisms into one combined treatment concept. The second is questioning a specific property of antiangiogenic therapy to induce diffuse or distant spread. Here, alternative hypotheses of increased awareness and better imaging as well as invasiveness being part of the natural course of the disease have been tested. Without doubt, migration and invasiveness are major obstacles to successful @entity11 therapy, notably local therapies, both in the natural course of the disease and in the concept of "evasive resistance." However, clinical analyses of case series, matched pairs analyses, and follow-up on the BRAIN trial (A Study to Evaluate Bevacizumab Alone or in Combination with Irinotecan for Treatment of @entity463 ), which led to accelerated approval of @entity1493 for recurrent @entity463 in the United States, have not supported a specific propensity of @entity1493 to induce diffuse growth or distant spread at recurrence.

title: Patterns of progression in XXXX following anti-VEGF therapy: perceptions and evidence.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['gliomatosis cerebri-like growth']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Glioblastoma Multiforme', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: Activity-dependent modification of neural network output usually results from changes in neurotransmitter release and/or membrane conductance. In @entity1238 frog tadpoles, spinal locomotor network output is adapted by an ultraslow afterhyperpolarization (usAHP) mediated by an increase in @entity4024 pump current. Here we systematically explore how the interval between two swimming episodes affects the second episode, which is shorter and slower than the first episode. We find the firing reliability of spinal rhythmic neurons to be lower in the second episode, except for excitatory descending interneurons (dINs). The @entity1372 /proton antiporter, @entity6193 , which potentiates @entity4024 pump function, induced similar effects to short inter-swim intervals. A usAHP induced by supra-threshold pulses reduced neuronal firing reliability during swimming. It also increased the threshold current for spiking and introduced a delay to the first spike in a train, without reducing subsequent firing frequency. This delay was abolished by @entity7832 or zero @entity3529 saline, which eliminate the usAHP. We present evidence for an A-type @entity3529 current in spinal CPG neurons which is inactivated by depolarization and de-inactivated by hyperpolarization, and accounts for the prolonged delay. We conclude that the usAHP attenuates neuronal responses to excitatory network inputs by both membrane hyperpolarization and enhanced de-inactivation of an A-current.

title: Mechanisms underlying the activity-dependent regulation of locomotor network performance by the XXXX pump.

entities_list: @entity6193 :: ('MESH:D008985', 'Chemical') :: ['monensin']

answer: @entity4024 :: (D012964,Chemical) :: ['Na(+)']


abstract: The Central Chest Clinic, Bangkok, Thailand, undertook a study among @entity1 contacts of newly discovered sputum-smear-positive @entity1 with @entity1907 to determine the effectiveness of BCG vaccination in young @entity1 . The study design resembled that of a controlled trial except that it was retrospective for vaccination, i.e., the vaccinated and control groups were not randomly selected. For this reason a number of measures were taken to allow for the comparability of groups to be verified and for adjustments to be made if necessary. The study was initiated in September 1981 and terminated in June 1984, after 971 index cases who reported contact with young @entity1 had been registered. Registration and initial examinations were completed for 1506 @entity1 contacts. The field teams could not trace 124 reported @entity1 contacts. In the case of 8 @entity1 , the initial examination was refused. Within a week of the detection of the index case, a visit was made to the household and personal data were collected. The contact @entity1 then were offered a clinical and X-ray examination at the Central Chest Clinic for the examinations. A clinical record was prepared for each @entity1 contact, the site of BCG vaccination was covered with a dressing (even if there had been no vaccination or scar), and the pediatrician administered a clinical examination and made a full-plate postero-anterior X-ray. The X-ray picture was examined by 2 readers. Suspect @entity1 were followed up for as long as there were medical indications. When indicated by the clinical or X-ray examination, a laryngeal swab was taken for culture and gland biopsies were made and examined by histopathology and culture. If @entity378 was strongly suspected, treatment was initiated at once with @entity1215 and isoniazid. For each @entity1 a final diagnosis was made at the end of the study. A scoring system proposed by WHO was used to obtain an indication of the probability of @entity378 . As many as 1218 (81%) of the @entity1 had a BCG scar, and among those without a scar, 35 had a record of vaccination. Vaccination coverage as well as disease risk appeared to be associated with age. Stratification by age showed that this did not affect the calculated effectiveness of BCG vaccination. Apart from age, no differences between the vaccinated and the unvaccinated @entity1 were observed that call for stratification of the material. 284 @entity378 suspects were found, 218 among the 1253 vaccinated and 66 among the 253 unvaccinated @entity1 . The total incidence of @entity378 was 14.5%; it was 12.6% among the vaccinated and 23.6% among the unvaccinated. Based on the data presented in Tables 1 and 8, and adjusting for the estimated 55 vaccinated @entity1 included among those without a scar or a vaccination record, the observed efficacy is 53% with 95% confidence limits of 64% and 38%; the observed number of cases among the vaccinated is 185 less than expected. Thus, although efficacy appears less, the effectiveness is far higher than with a more stringent diagnostic criteria.

title: The effectiveness of BCG vaccination of the newborn against childhood XXXX in Bangkok.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity4611 is a rare autoimmune disease of the pituitary presenting mainly with features of a @entity66 and loss of pituitary function. Its course is quite unpredictable and its treatment is still controversial as experience in the field remains scarce. We describe a 45 year-old @entity1 with a history of recurrent @entity221 who was referred 3 years later to our department for @entity4614 . Hormonal studies revealed an anterior @entity4611 and @entity1669 . Pituitary @entity1184 as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging showed complete regression upon @entity701 substitution therapy. Two years later, @entity221 recurred as well as pituitary @entity1184 . Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed an @entity5827 . Pituitary biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of LH. The @entity1 was started on @entity229 70 mg per day. She improved clinically and radiologically and remained free of symptoms thereafter. At a recent follow up the MRI showed an @entity4776 . Hereby we illustrate a yet unreported pattern of LH presenting as a recurrent @entity5827 . We also describe one of the long-term course of the disease which is still unpredictable.

title: A relapsing remitting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis', 'aseptic lymphocytic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella turcica']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphocytic Hypophysitis', 'pituitary deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever and meningeal symptoms']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['lymphocytic hypophysitis']


abstract: @entity3949 ( @entity3949 ) shows more severe functional and structural changes in type 1 than in type 2 @entity1 and experimental @entity6 . We have previously suggested that these differences may be due to insulin and/or C-peptide deficiencies in type 1 @entity6 . To further explore these differences between type I and type 2 @entity3949 , we examined factors underlying nerve fiber regeneration in the @entity1717 BB/Z- @entity35 and compared these with previous data obtained from the iso- @entity1602 , insulin and C-peptide-deficient type 1 @entity6 BB/Wor- @entity35 . The expression of neurotrophic factors and cytoskeletal proteins were studied in L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at various time points after sciatic nerve crush. The data were compared to those of nondiabetes-prone BB- @entity35 . @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) and @entity3249 levels were lower in DRG from type 1 than from those of type 2 and control BB- @entity35 . On the other hand, @entity7814 expression was increased at baseline in type 1 BB/Wor- @entity35 and decreased after @entity130 , whereas its expression increased after @entity130 in both control and type 2 BB/ @entity35 . Following @entity130 , betaII- and betaIII-tubulins were upregulated in type 2 BB/Z and control @entity35 , which did not occur in type 1 BB/Wor- @entity35 . Furthermore, type 2 BB/ @entity35 showed the normal downregulation of low and medium molecular neurofilament ( @entity18423 and @entity18424 , respectively), which did not occur in type 1 BB/Wor- @entity35 . These findings were associated with significantly milder @entity66 and caliber growth of regenerating fibers in type 2 compared to type 1 @entity6 @entity35 . These data suggest that @entity6 may be of greater significance in the regulation of neurotrophic and neurocytoskeletal protein synthesis than @entity4854 in explaining the differences in nerve fiber regeneration between type 2 and type 1 @entity6 .

title: Insulin deficiency rather than XXXX accounts for impaired neurotrophic responses and nerve fiber regeneration in type 1 @entity3949 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in axonal elongation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['impaired insulin signaling in type 1 diabetic nerve', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['DPN', 'Diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic type 2']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['crush injury']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: @entity3949 ( @entity3949 ) shows more severe functional and structural changes in type 1 than in type 2 @entity1 and experimental @entity6 . We have previously suggested that these differences may be due to insulin and/or C-peptide deficiencies in type 1 @entity6 . To further explore these differences between type I and type 2 @entity3949 , we examined factors underlying nerve fiber regeneration in the @entity1717 BB/Z- @entity35 and compared these with previous data obtained from the iso- @entity1602 , insulin and C-peptide-deficient type 1 @entity6 BB/Wor- @entity35 . The expression of neurotrophic factors and cytoskeletal proteins were studied in L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at various time points after sciatic nerve crush. The data were compared to those of nondiabetes-prone BB- @entity35 . @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) and @entity3249 levels were lower in DRG from type 1 than from those of type 2 and control BB- @entity35 . On the other hand, @entity7814 expression was increased at baseline in type 1 BB/Wor- @entity35 and decreased after @entity130 , whereas its expression increased after @entity130 in both control and type 2 BB/ @entity35 . Following @entity130 , betaII- and betaIII-tubulins were upregulated in type 2 BB/Z and control @entity35 , which did not occur in type 1 BB/Wor- @entity35 . Furthermore, type 2 BB/ @entity35 showed the normal downregulation of low and medium molecular neurofilament ( @entity18423 and @entity18424 , respectively), which did not occur in type 1 BB/Wor- @entity35 . These findings were associated with significantly milder @entity66 and caliber growth of regenerating fibers in type 2 compared to type 1 @entity6 @entity35 . These data suggest that @entity6 may be of greater significance in the regulation of neurotrophic and neurocytoskeletal protein synthesis than @entity4854 in explaining the differences in nerve fiber regeneration between type 2 and type 1 @entity6 .

title: Insulin deficiency rather than @entity4854 accounts for impaired neurotrophic responses and nerve fiber regeneration in type 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this randomized double-blind investigation was to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of a commercially available 3% @entity273 tooth-whitening material (ADS Tooth Whitening Gel, Applied Dental Sciences, Inc., Lee, MA). The material was used over 2 weeks in a dentist-supervised, @entity1 -applied application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The evaluation was carried out in accordance with American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs Acceptance Program Guidelines for Home-Use Tooth Whitening Products (May 1998). Sixty-five @entity1 were randomized into two groups (active and placebo) for a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A custom application tray, scalloped without reservoirs, was fabricated for each @entity1 . Tooth shades were documented by matching with the Vita shade guide ordered according to value and assigned a numeric ranking from 1 to 16, darkest to lightest. @entity1 were supplied with the treatment solutions to use in the application tray. Duration of active treatment was 30 minutes 3 times a day for 2 weeks. @entity1 were evaluated at baseline, 1 week and 2 weeks treatment, and 12 and 26 weeks post-treatment. The statistical analysis used at each time point to determine the difference between the active and placebo groups based on the change in value was the two-sample t-test. Plaque and soft tissue indices were also recorded. RESULTS: The teeth treated with 3% @entity273 were significantly lighter at 2, 12, and 26 weeks (p < or = .0140, .0004, and .0001, respectively) compared with the placebo group. The mean shade change was 4.2 Vita shade tabs at 2 weeks. At 26 weeks (6 months), the degree of whitening was 4.1 tabs.

title: Clinical evaluation of a 3% XXXX tooth-whitening gel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: Inherited @entity209 with acute severe manifestations can be divided into five categories: (1) disorders of the intoxication type, (2) disorders with @entity146 , (3) disorders with disturbed energy metabolism, (4) disorders of neurotransmission and (5) disorders in which no specific emergency treatment is available. Diagnostic emergency laboratory evaluation should cover all differential diagnoses that are therapeutically relevant and should always include @entity3265 , @entity413 , @entity880 and acid-base status as well as testing the urine for @entity16623 . These are indispensable for planning and conducting the first steps of metabolic emergency treatment and should be available within 30 min. According to the clinical situation and biochemical derangement, special metabolic investigations must be initiated in parallel. These include @entity14992 profiling with tandem mass spectrometry (in plasma or dried blood spots) and analysis of @entity1522 in plasma and of organic acids in urine. The results of all laboratory investigations relevant to the diagnosis of @entity209 for which specific emergency therapy exists should be available within 24 h. There is general agreement with regard to some therapeutic strategies that are clearly explained by pathophysiology: in disorders with endogenous intoxication, anabolism must be promoted and specific detoxification measures initiated. In disorders with @entity146 , administration of @entity413 at the rate of hepatic @entity413 production forms the basis of treatment. Correction of @entity520 is a major @entity74 with disturbed mitochondrial energy metabolism, while @entity413 supply may have to be limited. Many current therapeutic strategies are based on case reports and personal experiences at different metabolic centres. The aim of devising the 'best' management is often hampered by the lack of objective evidence of efficacy.

title: Emergency management of inherited XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced fasting tolerance']

entities_list: @entity14992 :: ('MESH:C116917', 'Chemical') :: ['acylcarnitine']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['goal in disorders']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic diseases']


abstract: @entity12807 / @entity63 (H/I) of the premature @entity1 is a major cause of @entity306 and @entity1032 . An important determinant of the ultimate outcome from this insult is the extent to which the stem cells and progenitors in the brain are affected. Irreversible injury to these cells will impair normal development of the @entity1 's brain and, hence, its function. In the present study, we examine early intervals after H/I to identify which cells in the periventricular region are most vulnerable. At 0 h of recovery from a perinatal H/I insult, the choroid plexus shows extensive @entity16 . The adjacent ependymal and subependymal cells are also affected. Swelling of the ependymal and medial subependymal cells is observed; however, these cells rarely sustain permanent damage. By contrast, cells in the most lateral aspect of the subventricular zone (SVZ) show more delayed, but extensive apoptotic and hybrid cell deaths. Interestingly, activated macrophages/microglia are observed adjacent to the swollen ependymal cells as well as within the affected subependyma. We conclude that the choroid plexus is an especially vulnerable structure in the immature brain, whereas the ependymal and adjacent subependymal cells are relatively resistant to damage. As the medial aspect of the SVZ contains neural stem cells, we predict that neural stem cells will be especially resistant to perinatal H/I @entity75 .

title: Damage to the choroid plexus, ependyma and subependyma as a consequence of perinatal hypoxia/ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic damage']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tilapia islet xenograft rejection is characterized by infiltration with macrophages (Mphis), eosinophils (Ephis), and T lymphocytes. The presence of these cells indicates they contribute to rejection; therefore, an attempt was made to assess their role through host immunomodulation. METHODS: Tilapia islet cells were transplanted under the kidney capsule of @entity3839 diabetic Balb/c @entity19 , which were then treated with one of several immunomodulatory regimes targeting Mphis, Ephis, or T cells. Mphis were depleted using either @entity3440 or liposome-entrapped @entity19160 . Ephi migration was blocked using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting interleukin (IL)-4 or @entity59 . T-cell function was altered with mAbs targeting @entity5168 , @entity1961 , or CD8. Finally, T helper (Th)1 and @entity61 activity was altered by depleting essential @entity630 or @entity61 cytokines with mAbs or by promoting a @entity630 response with the injection of exogenous IL-12. The effects of antibody-mediated immunomodulation on graft survival were initially screened by cotransplanting alginate-encapsulated, mAb-secreting hybridoma cells into the peritoneal cavity at the time of islet transplantation. Significant prolongation was then confirmed using purified antibodies injected at the time of islet transplantation. Rejected grafts were examined histologically, and immunohistochemistry was used to assess the cellular infiltrates for each of the treatment groups. RESULTS: Modulation of Mphis and Ephis alone did not significantly delay functional rejection of tilapia islet grafts (maximal mean graft survival time [mGST]=7.1+/-1.7 and 9.4+/-3.4, respectively) compared with untreated controls (mGST=8.2+/-1.0). Treatment of transplanted animals with antibodies against @entity5168 or @entity1961 significantly promoted graft survival (maximal mGST=16.3+/-5.8 and 34.0+/-11.6, respectively), whereas targeting CD8 and @entity630 and @entity61 cytokines showed no prolonging effect (maximal mGST=7.8+/-2.9 and 9.5+/-4.3, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that rejection in the tilapia-to- @entity19 model follows a pattern similar to other models of discordant islet cell xenotransplantation.

title: Islet transplantation in the discordant tilapia-to- XXXX model: a novel application of alginate microencapsulation in the study of xenograft rejection.

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pancreatic islets are avascular immediately after transplantation and depend on revascularization. Recently, the authors found decreased vascular density in @entity19 islets 1 month after implantation into nondiabetic recipients. This study investigated possible differences in revascularization between islets implanted into nondiabetic and @entity6 recipients, and also evaluated changes in vascular density up to 6 months posttransplantation. METHODS: Islets were syngenically transplanted beneath the renal capsule of normoglycemic or @entity10835 - @entity6 C57BL/6 @entity19 . One to 6 months later, the animals were killed and the grafts removed. Histologic slides were prepared and stained with Bandeiraea simplicifolia. RESULTS: The vascular density in all transplanted islets was decreased compared with native islets. There were no differences in the islet graft vascular density between nondiabetic and @entity6 animals. No improvement over time occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The vascular density is decreased in islets implanted to cure @entity6 recipients. No improvement occurs in transplanted islets after 1 month posttransplantation.

title: Impaired revascularization of transplanted XXXX pancreatic islets is chronic and glucose-independent.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Addition of @entity141 to primary cultures of female pituitary cells incubated in serum-free medium lacking added @entity141 yielded no effects on levels of @entity3695 or @entity11249 mRNA, assayed by cytoplasmic dot hybridization. However, incubation of the cells in serum-free medium containing sufficient @entity10977 bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to reduce medium @entity141 levels below the 10-40 microM present as a trace contaminant yielded a decrease in the levels of both mRNAs. The decrease was dose-dependent at extracellular @entity141 concentrations below 1.0 microM, had an apparent half-maximum at about 0.3 microM, and did not appear to plateau with increasing incubation times. Following 2-3-day incubations of cells in low @entity141 , a reduction of @entity3695 mRNA (23-70-fold) consistently greater than the reduction of @entity11249 mRNA (9-15-fold) was observed. Similar effects of reduced extracellular @entity141 were obtained with primary cultures of male pituitary cells. The specificity of these effects of lowered extracellular @entity141 was demonstrated by the following observations. The decreases in these mRNAs were substantially reversible by readdition of @entity141 to the incubation medium. Reduction of extracellular @entity141 led to no detectable changes in cellular ribosomal RNA levels or over-all RNA synthesis. In male pituitary cells, the level of another metal-regulated mRNA, that for metallothionein, was not decreased by a reduction of extracellular @entity141 that caused a 40-fold decrease in levels of @entity3695 and @entity11249 mRNA. Hence, @entity141 exhibits specificity in its regulation of pituitary @entity3695 and @entity11249 gene expression.

title: Regulation by calcium of @entity3695 and XXXX mRNA sequences in primary cultures of rat pituitary cells.

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

answer: @entity11249 :: (81668(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: Addition of @entity141 to primary cultures of female pituitary cells incubated in serum-free medium lacking added @entity141 yielded no effects on levels of @entity3695 or @entity11249 mRNA, assayed by cytoplasmic dot hybridization. However, incubation of the cells in serum-free medium containing sufficient @entity10977 bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to reduce medium @entity141 levels below the 10-40 microM present as a trace contaminant yielded a decrease in the levels of both mRNAs. The decrease was dose-dependent at extracellular @entity141 concentrations below 1.0 microM, had an apparent half-maximum at about 0.3 microM, and did not appear to plateau with increasing incubation times. Following 2-3-day incubations of cells in low @entity141 , a reduction of @entity3695 mRNA (23-70-fold) consistently greater than the reduction of @entity11249 mRNA (9-15-fold) was observed. Similar effects of reduced extracellular @entity141 were obtained with primary cultures of male pituitary cells. The specificity of these effects of lowered extracellular @entity141 was demonstrated by the following observations. The decreases in these mRNAs were substantially reversible by readdition of @entity141 to the incubation medium. Reduction of extracellular @entity141 led to no detectable changes in cellular ribosomal RNA levels or over-all RNA synthesis. In male pituitary cells, the level of another metal-regulated mRNA, that for metallothionein, was not decreased by a reduction of extracellular @entity141 that caused a 40-fold decrease in levels of @entity3695 and @entity11249 mRNA. Hence, @entity141 exhibits specificity in its regulation of pituitary @entity3695 and @entity11249 gene expression.

title: Regulation by calcium of XXXX and @entity11249 mRNA sequences in primary cultures of rat pituitary cells.

answer: @entity3695 :: (24683(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: @entity1277 @entity1 evidenced very often a low self-esteem. Self-esteem in @entity1277 @entity1 is excessively based on body dissatisfaction. In @entity1277 there seems to be a link between body image dissatisfaction and social @entity148 . We hypothesised: self-esteem would be as low in @entity1277 @entity1 as in @entity913 @entity1 ; self-esteem would be lower in @entity1277 @entity1 with @entity913 than in @entity1 with @entity913 alone; self-esteem would be lower in @entity1277 @entity1 with @entity73 @entity1 with @entity308 cognitions; self-esteem could have different characteristics in the two disorders; self-esteem would be as low in @entity448 as in bulimia; 103 @entity1277 @entity1 (33 restrictive anorectics, 34 anorectics-bulimics, 36 bulimics) and 26 @entity913 @entity1 diagnosed according to DSM IV and ICD-10 criteria have been investigated by the Self-Esteem Inventory of Coopersmith, the Assertiveness Schedule of Rathus, the Fear Survey Schedule of Wolpe (FSS III) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). @entity1 were free of medication and presented no episode of @entity308 according to DSM IV criteria. Evaluations took place before any psychotherapy. Self-esteem in @entity1277 @entity1 is reduced at the same level as in @entity913 @entity1 ; 86.1% of the total sample and 84.5% of the @entity1277 @entity1 have a very low self-esteem (score 33 in the SEI). @entity1277 @entity1 have significantly higher scores in the Social (p=0.016) and Professional (p=0.0225) sub-scales of the SEI than @entity913 @entity1 . @entity1277 @entity1 show higher scores on the Assertiveness Schedule of Rathus (p=0.0013) than @entity913 @entity1 . @entity1277 @entity1 disclose higher scores on the BDI (p=0.0003) but @entity1277 @entity1 with @entity308 cognitions do not differ from @entity913 @entity1 with @entity308 cognitions in the level of self-esteem. The FSS III scores are significantly lower in @entity1277 @entity1 (p<0.0001). There is a difference in the nature of the deficit of self-esteem between the two @entity1 populations. Self-esteem is not influenced by the Body Mass Index (BMI) and is identically reduced in all groups of @entity1277 @entity1 . Whereas @entity1277 @entity1 have the same complaints compared to @entity913 , they differ significantly from @entity913 @entity1 in their characteristics of @entity913 and self-esteem.

title: [Self-esteem: a comparison study between XXXX and @entity913 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['depressive cognitions than in social phobia']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['Eating disorder', 'eating disorders', 'eating disorder']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: @entity1277 @entity1 evidenced very often a low self-esteem. Self-esteem in @entity1277 @entity1 is excessively based on body dissatisfaction. In @entity1277 there seems to be a link between body image dissatisfaction and social @entity148 . We hypothesised: self-esteem would be as low in @entity1277 @entity1 as in @entity913 @entity1 ; self-esteem would be lower in @entity1277 @entity1 with @entity913 than in @entity1 with @entity913 alone; self-esteem would be lower in @entity1277 @entity1 with @entity73 @entity1 with @entity308 cognitions; self-esteem could have different characteristics in the two disorders; self-esteem would be as low in @entity448 as in bulimia; 103 @entity1277 @entity1 (33 restrictive anorectics, 34 anorectics-bulimics, 36 bulimics) and 26 @entity913 @entity1 diagnosed according to DSM IV and ICD-10 criteria have been investigated by the Self-Esteem Inventory of Coopersmith, the Assertiveness Schedule of Rathus, the Fear Survey Schedule of Wolpe (FSS III) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). @entity1 were free of medication and presented no episode of @entity308 according to DSM IV criteria. Evaluations took place before any psychotherapy. Self-esteem in @entity1277 @entity1 is reduced at the same level as in @entity913 @entity1 ; 86.1% of the total sample and 84.5% of the @entity1277 @entity1 have a very low self-esteem (score 33 in the SEI). @entity1277 @entity1 have significantly higher scores in the Social (p=0.016) and Professional (p=0.0225) sub-scales of the SEI than @entity913 @entity1 . @entity1277 @entity1 show higher scores on the Assertiveness Schedule of Rathus (p=0.0013) than @entity913 @entity1 . @entity1277 @entity1 disclose higher scores on the BDI (p=0.0003) but @entity1277 @entity1 with @entity308 cognitions do not differ from @entity913 @entity1 with @entity308 cognitions in the level of self-esteem. The FSS III scores are significantly lower in @entity1277 @entity1 (p<0.0001). There is a difference in the nature of the deficit of self-esteem between the two @entity1 populations. Self-esteem is not influenced by the Body Mass Index (BMI) and is identically reduced in all groups of @entity1277 @entity1 . Whereas @entity1277 @entity1 have the same complaints compared to @entity913 , they differ significantly from @entity913 @entity1 in their characteristics of @entity913 and self-esteem.

title: [Self-esteem: a comparison study between @entity1277 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity913 :: (MESH:D010698,Disease) :: ['social phobia']


abstract: @entity1709 is localized hyperpigmentation over the forehead, upper lips, cheeks, and chin. In this study, evidence suggesting an association between @entity1669 and @entity1709 and the relationship of @entity1374 to the origin of @entity1709 is presented. A total of 108 nonpregnant @entity1 , aged 20-56 yr, were divided into 2 groups for the purpose of this study: 1) @entity1709 , 84 @entity1 ; 2) control group, 24 @entity1 from the Dermatology Clinic matched for age and sex. @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ) were sought in all subjects. TRH-TSH tests were performed in @entity1 with @entity1709 and in those @entity1 with @entity5651 and/or positive @entity1374 tests from the control group. Studies were completed with serum T4, T3, and antithyroglobulin antibody (TGHA) measurements in all @entity1 with @entity1374 . In @entity1 with @entity1709 , the frequency of @entity1374 (58.3%) was 4 times greater than in the control group. The @entity1374 -negative @entity1 had 1) @entity4510 (13.1%), 2) @entity195 (2.4%), and 3) TSH hyperresponse to TRH in nongoitrous @entity1 (10.7%). @entity1 with positive @entity1374 tests (32.1%) were divided into 2 subgroups. One comprised those @entity1 with an apparently normal thyroid gland and thyroid function (n = 7), while the other included all @entity1 with @entity5651 and/or subclinical @entity1375 (n = 20). Regarding the origin of the @entity1709 , it was found that 70% of @entity1 who developed @entity1709 during pregnancy or while using oral contraceptives had @entity1374 compared to 39.4% of @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1709 . Subjects from the control group had a 12.5% incidence of @entity1374 , and only 8.3% had positive @entity1374 . @entity172 , @entity1420 , or both could be the triggering factor in the development of @entity1709 in @entity1 who have a particular predisposition toward both @entity1709 and @entity1669 . @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1709 had a lower frequency of @entity1374 , suggesting that there may be different genetic patterns linked to @entity1669 . We conclude that there is a true association between @entity1669 and @entity1709 , mostly in @entity1 whose @entity1709 develops during pregnancy or after ingestion of oral contraceptive drugs.

title: Association of @entity1709 with @entity1669 and other @entity1374 and their relationship to the origin of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'thyroid autoimmunity', 'autoimmune thyroid disorders']

entities_list: @entity1709 :: ('MESH:D008548', 'Disease') :: ['melasma', 'Melasma']

entities_list: @entity4510 :: ('OMIM:138800', 'Disease') :: ['simple goiter']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Plummer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Microsomal thyroid autoantibodies', 'MCHA', 'thyroid abnormalities', 'thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1709 :: (MESH:D008548,Disease) :: ['melasma']


abstract: @entity1709 is localized hyperpigmentation over the forehead, upper lips, cheeks, and chin. In this study, evidence suggesting an association between @entity1669 and @entity1709 and the relationship of @entity1374 to the origin of @entity1709 is presented. A total of 108 nonpregnant @entity1 , aged 20-56 yr, were divided into 2 groups for the purpose of this study: 1) @entity1709 , 84 @entity1 ; 2) control group, 24 @entity1 from the Dermatology Clinic matched for age and sex. @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ) were sought in all subjects. TRH-TSH tests were performed in @entity1 with @entity1709 and in those @entity1 with @entity5651 and/or positive @entity1374 tests from the control group. Studies were completed with serum T4, T3, and antithyroglobulin antibody (TGHA) measurements in all @entity1 with @entity1374 . In @entity1 with @entity1709 , the frequency of @entity1374 (58.3%) was 4 times greater than in the control group. The @entity1374 -negative @entity1 had 1) @entity4510 (13.1%), 2) @entity195 (2.4%), and 3) TSH hyperresponse to TRH in nongoitrous @entity1 (10.7%). @entity1 with positive @entity1374 tests (32.1%) were divided into 2 subgroups. One comprised those @entity1 with an apparently normal thyroid gland and thyroid function (n = 7), while the other included all @entity1 with @entity5651 and/or subclinical @entity1375 (n = 20). Regarding the origin of the @entity1709 , it was found that 70% of @entity1 who developed @entity1709 during pregnancy or while using oral contraceptives had @entity1374 compared to 39.4% of @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1709 . Subjects from the control group had a 12.5% incidence of @entity1374 , and only 8.3% had positive @entity1374 . @entity172 , @entity1420 , or both could be the triggering factor in the development of @entity1709 in @entity1 who have a particular predisposition toward both @entity1709 and @entity1669 . @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1709 had a lower frequency of @entity1374 , suggesting that there may be different genetic patterns linked to @entity1669 . We conclude that there is a true association between @entity1669 and @entity1709 , mostly in @entity1 whose @entity1709 develops during pregnancy or after ingestion of oral contraceptive drugs.

title: Association of XXXX with @entity1669 and other @entity1374 and their relationship to the origin of the @entity1709 .

answer: @entity1709 :: (MESH:D008548,Disease) :: ['melasma']


abstract: @entity1709 is localized hyperpigmentation over the forehead, upper lips, cheeks, and chin. In this study, evidence suggesting an association between @entity1669 and @entity1709 and the relationship of @entity1374 to the origin of @entity1709 is presented. A total of 108 nonpregnant @entity1 , aged 20-56 yr, were divided into 2 groups for the purpose of this study: 1) @entity1709 , 84 @entity1 ; 2) control group, 24 @entity1 from the Dermatology Clinic matched for age and sex. @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ) were sought in all subjects. TRH-TSH tests were performed in @entity1 with @entity1709 and in those @entity1 with @entity5651 and/or positive @entity1374 tests from the control group. Studies were completed with serum T4, T3, and antithyroglobulin antibody (TGHA) measurements in all @entity1 with @entity1374 . In @entity1 with @entity1709 , the frequency of @entity1374 (58.3%) was 4 times greater than in the control group. The @entity1374 -negative @entity1 had 1) @entity4510 (13.1%), 2) @entity195 (2.4%), and 3) TSH hyperresponse to TRH in nongoitrous @entity1 (10.7%). @entity1 with positive @entity1374 tests (32.1%) were divided into 2 subgroups. One comprised those @entity1 with an apparently normal thyroid gland and thyroid function (n = 7), while the other included all @entity1 with @entity5651 and/or subclinical @entity1375 (n = 20). Regarding the origin of the @entity1709 , it was found that 70% of @entity1 who developed @entity1709 during pregnancy or while using oral contraceptives had @entity1374 compared to 39.4% of @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1709 . Subjects from the control group had a 12.5% incidence of @entity1374 , and only 8.3% had positive @entity1374 . @entity172 , @entity1420 , or both could be the triggering factor in the development of @entity1709 in @entity1 who have a particular predisposition toward both @entity1709 and @entity1669 . @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1709 had a lower frequency of @entity1374 , suggesting that there may be different genetic patterns linked to @entity1669 . We conclude that there is a true association between @entity1669 and @entity1709 , mostly in @entity1 whose @entity1709 develops during pregnancy or after ingestion of oral contraceptive drugs.

title: Association of @entity1709 with @entity1669 and other XXXX and their relationship to the origin of the @entity1709 .

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroidal abnormalities']


abstract: @entity1709 is localized hyperpigmentation over the forehead, upper lips, cheeks, and chin. In this study, evidence suggesting an association between @entity1669 and @entity1709 and the relationship of @entity1374 to the origin of @entity1709 is presented. A total of 108 nonpregnant @entity1 , aged 20-56 yr, were divided into 2 groups for the purpose of this study: 1) @entity1709 , 84 @entity1 ; 2) control group, 24 @entity1 from the Dermatology Clinic matched for age and sex. @entity1374 ( @entity1374 ) were sought in all subjects. TRH-TSH tests were performed in @entity1 with @entity1709 and in those @entity1 with @entity5651 and/or positive @entity1374 tests from the control group. Studies were completed with serum T4, T3, and antithyroglobulin antibody (TGHA) measurements in all @entity1 with @entity1374 . In @entity1 with @entity1709 , the frequency of @entity1374 (58.3%) was 4 times greater than in the control group. The @entity1374 -negative @entity1 had 1) @entity4510 (13.1%), 2) @entity195 (2.4%), and 3) TSH hyperresponse to TRH in nongoitrous @entity1 (10.7%). @entity1 with positive @entity1374 tests (32.1%) were divided into 2 subgroups. One comprised those @entity1 with an apparently normal thyroid gland and thyroid function (n = 7), while the other included all @entity1 with @entity5651 and/or subclinical @entity1375 (n = 20). Regarding the origin of the @entity1709 , it was found that 70% of @entity1 who developed @entity1709 during pregnancy or while using oral contraceptives had @entity1374 compared to 39.4% of @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1709 . Subjects from the control group had a 12.5% incidence of @entity1374 , and only 8.3% had positive @entity1374 . @entity172 , @entity1420 , or both could be the triggering factor in the development of @entity1709 in @entity1 who have a particular predisposition toward both @entity1709 and @entity1669 . @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1709 had a lower frequency of @entity1374 , suggesting that there may be different genetic patterns linked to @entity1669 . We conclude that there is a true association between @entity1669 and @entity1709 , mostly in @entity1 whose @entity1709 develops during pregnancy or after ingestion of oral contraceptive drugs.

title: Association of @entity1709 with XXXX and other @entity1374 and their relationship to the origin of the @entity1709 .

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['thyroid autoimmunity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the yield rate (YR) of echocardiography when evaluating @entity1 with suspected @entity166 ( @entity166 ) in both the actual clinical setting and in the hypothetic setting where strict clinical criteria are applied. Study design Medical records of 101 @entity1 undergoing echocardiography for suspected @entity166 were reviewed. Echocardiograms with positive findings were identified and the actual diagnostic YR was calculated. With the use of clinical criteria proposed by von Reyn (VR), the probability of @entity166 was retrospectively classified as (1) rejected, (2) possible, or (3) probable. Theoretic YR of echocardiography was calculated for each classification. RESULTS: The actual YR of echocardiography was 12% (12/101). The YR of echocardiography by VR class was 0% in rejected, 20% in possible, and 80% in probable cases (chi(2) = 55.1, P <.0001). Echocardiography did not change the probability of @entity166 in any @entity1 classified as rejected, but allowed reassignment of disease probability in a significant proportion of @entity1 with possible or probable @entity166 . CONCLUSIONS: The YR of echocardiography was significant when clinical probability of @entity166 was intermediate-to-high, and low, with marginal clinical utility, when clinical probability was low. Strict pretest assessment of disease probability may lead to more effective utilization of echocardiography in this population.

title: Does assessment of pretest probability of disease improve the utility of echocardiography in suspected endocarditis in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infectious endocarditis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1343 , the S(-)-enantiomer of racemic @entity1341 , is associated with a similar efficacy but a reduced potential for @entity65 than racemic @entity1341 . Thus, this prospective, randomised, double-masked study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of 0.75% @entity1343 vs 0.75% @entity1341 , each with hyaluronidase, for peribulbar anaesthesia. METHODS: A total of 60 @entity1 undergoing elective anterior segment surgery were randomly allocated to receive either agent by a single, inferotemporal peribulbar injection technique, supplemented with a medial canthus injection if necessary. Ocular @entity910 and orbicularis oculi function were assessed by scoring systems at 2 min intervals until satisfactory @entity910 was achieved, and movements were reassessed on the day after surgery to confirm regression of the block. RESULTS: The time taken to reach a state of satisfactory anaesthesia and @entity910 was deemed to be the primary measure of efficacy. Both agents achieved this in a similar median time of 2 min after receiving 5 ml of the injectate, and the treatment difference was not statistically significant (P=0.24). Blood samples from the first 20 @entity1 were taken at intervals up to 4 h. These were analysed for plasma levels and confirmed similar plasma concentration vs time profiles for the two agents. Seven @entity1 in each group (23%) complained of @entity158 on injection but the technique was generally well tolerated. Two @entity1 in the @entity1343 group experienced serious adverse events, but neither was considered related to the study medication. The most common minor post-operative adverse event was prolongation of the local anaesthetic block, which was reported by nine @entity1 (four in the @entity1343 group and five in the @entity1341 group). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1343 and @entity1341 are equally successful in achieving clinically satisfactory peribulbar anaesthesia with few adverse effects.

title: The efficacy and safety of 0.75% @entity1343 vs 0.75% XXXX for peribulbar anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['Levobupivacaine', 'levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1343 , the S(-)-enantiomer of racemic @entity1341 , is associated with a similar efficacy but a reduced potential for @entity65 than racemic @entity1341 . Thus, this prospective, randomised, double-masked study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of 0.75% @entity1343 vs 0.75% @entity1341 , each with hyaluronidase, for peribulbar anaesthesia. METHODS: A total of 60 @entity1 undergoing elective anterior segment surgery were randomly allocated to receive either agent by a single, inferotemporal peribulbar injection technique, supplemented with a medial canthus injection if necessary. Ocular @entity910 and orbicularis oculi function were assessed by scoring systems at 2 min intervals until satisfactory @entity910 was achieved, and movements were reassessed on the day after surgery to confirm regression of the block. RESULTS: The time taken to reach a state of satisfactory anaesthesia and @entity910 was deemed to be the primary measure of efficacy. Both agents achieved this in a similar median time of 2 min after receiving 5 ml of the injectate, and the treatment difference was not statistically significant (P=0.24). Blood samples from the first 20 @entity1 were taken at intervals up to 4 h. These were analysed for plasma levels and confirmed similar plasma concentration vs time profiles for the two agents. Seven @entity1 in each group (23%) complained of @entity158 on injection but the technique was generally well tolerated. Two @entity1 in the @entity1343 group experienced serious adverse events, but neither was considered related to the study medication. The most common minor post-operative adverse event was prolongation of the local anaesthetic block, which was reported by nine @entity1 (four in the @entity1343 group and five in the @entity1341 group). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1343 and @entity1341 are equally successful in achieving clinically satisfactory peribulbar anaesthesia with few adverse effects.

title: The efficacy and safety of 0.75% XXXX vs 0.75% @entity1341 for peribulbar anaesthesia.

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The sequence variations of the Der p 2 allergen of @entity7130 diverge along 2 pathways with particular @entity3689 substitutions at positions 40,47,111, and 114. The environmental prevalence and IgE binding to Der p 2 variants differ among regions. To compare IgE binding to Der p 2 variants between sera from Bangkok, Thailand and Perth, Western Australia with different variants and to determine the variant-specificity of antibodies induced by vaccination with recombinant variants. METHODS: The structures of recombinant variants produced in @entity375 were compared by circular dichroism and @entity38263 staining of their lipid-binding cavity. Sera from subjects in Bangkok and Perth where different variants are found were compared by the affinity (IC      ) of IgE cross-reactivity to different variants and by direct IgE binding. @entity19 were immunized with the variants Der p 2.0101 and Der p 2.0110, and their IgG binding to Der p 2.0103, 2.0104, and 2.0109 was measured. RESULTS: The secondary structures of the recombinant variants resembled the natural allergen but with differences in ANS binding. The IC       of Der p 2.0101 required 7-fold higher concentrations to inhibit IgE binding to the high-IgE-binding Der p 2.0104 than for homologous inhibition in sera from Bangkok where it is absent, while in sera from Perth that have both variants the IC       was the same and low. Reciprocal results were obtained for Der p 2.0110 not found in Perth. Direct binding revealed that Der p 2.0104 was best for detecting IgE in both regions, followed by Der p 2.0101 with binding to other variants showing larger differences. Mouse anti-Der p 2.0101 antibodies had a high affinity of cross-reactivity but bound poorly to other variants. CONCLUSIONS: The affinity of IgE antibody cross-reactivity, the direct IgE binding, and the specificities of antibodies induced by vaccination show that measures of allergic sensitization and therapeutic strategies could be optimized with knowledge of Der p 2 variants.

title: Effect of XXXX Polymorphisms of House Dust Mite Der p 2 Variants on Allergic Sensitization.

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity38263 :: ('MESH:C027132', 'Chemical') :: ['1-anilinonaphthalene 8-sulfonic acid']

answer: @entity3689 :: (D000596,Chemical) :: ['Amino Acid']


abstract: Since the late 1950s, prophylactic therapy has been used in @entity1 with severe @entity447 in order to convert their phenotype into the phenotype of moderate @entity447 . In the early years, prophylaxis was mostly started after the development of @entity2720 . This secondary prophylaxis decreased the number of @entity548 but did not halt the development of @entity2720 . With the start of primary prophylaxis, however, it was shown that both joint @entity548 and @entity2720 could be prevented. Although its benefits have been proved, prophylaxis has been used as standard treatment for @entity1 in only few countries. There are now favorable results with prophylaxis on @entity548 and @entity2720 with more than 25 years of follow-up. In general, the strategies used for prophylaxis can be divided into those that are targeted at preinfusion clotting factor levels of > 1% and those that are guided by clinical @entity548 patterns of individual @entity1 . In both types of strategies, treatment should be started early, before the start of joint damage. However, clotting factor consumption in the first group of strategies is expected to be higher, whereas @entity548 frequencies are expected to be slightly lower. The differences in long-term outcome between both strategies may only become apparent after more than two decades. In addition, some @entity1 may be able to stop taking prophylaxis in adulthood while maintaining a low @entity548 frequency. In conclusion, although the optimal prophylactic regimen is still under debate, it is well established that prophylaxis reduces or even prevents joint @entity548 and @entity2720 . Therefore, prophylaxis should be offered to all @entity1 with severe @entity447 , at least until adulthood.

title: Prophylaxis for severe XXXX : experience from Europe and the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilic arthropathy', 'arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'bleeds']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mild to moderate elevation of muscle @entity908 kinase (CK) is commonly observed in @entity746 ( @entity746 ). Although the determinants of increased the CK in @entity746 remain uncertain, we hypothesize that @entity2901 and muscle denervation can be involved by damaging the muscle fibre. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 87 @entity746 @entity1 in whom CK determination was performed. In 47, a standardized EMG investigation was performed. In 22 @entity1 a second CK determination was performed a mean of 5 months later. CK values were compared between different @entity1 arranged in groups as determined by the number of regions with @entity2901 as detected on the clinical examination, and the number of muscles with @entity2901 or with fibrillation potentials as observed on EMG. RESULTS: 43% of our population had an increased CK value. Four out of 5 @entity1 with suspected @entity746 had an increased CK value. The number of @entity1 with increased CK value was not different between sexes, or between bulbar and spinal-onset @entity1 . CK value was not related with disease duration, and did not change at the second measurement. CK value was not different between the groups studied. CONCLUSION: The @entity2901 ,and the signs of denervation on EMG, are not determinants for high CK values in @entity746 @entity1 , which are still unknown. Increased CK can be useful in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity4681 .

title: Increased XXXX kinase and spontaneous activity on electromyography, in @entity746 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['lower motor neuron disorders']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculations', 'fasciculation']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mild to moderate elevation of muscle @entity908 kinase (CK) is commonly observed in @entity746 ( @entity746 ). Although the determinants of increased the CK in @entity746 remain uncertain, we hypothesize that @entity2901 and muscle denervation can be involved by damaging the muscle fibre. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 87 @entity746 @entity1 in whom CK determination was performed. In 47, a standardized EMG investigation was performed. In 22 @entity1 a second CK determination was performed a mean of 5 months later. CK values were compared between different @entity1 arranged in groups as determined by the number of regions with @entity2901 as detected on the clinical examination, and the number of muscles with @entity2901 or with fibrillation potentials as observed on EMG. RESULTS: 43% of our population had an increased CK value. Four out of 5 @entity1 with suspected @entity746 had an increased CK value. The number of @entity1 with increased CK value was not different between sexes, or between bulbar and spinal-onset @entity1 . CK value was not related with disease duration, and did not change at the second measurement. CK value was not different between the groups studied. CONCLUSION: The @entity2901 ,and the signs of denervation on EMG, are not determinants for high CK values in @entity746 @entity1 , which are still unknown. Increased CK can be useful in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity4681 .

title: Increased @entity908 kinase and spontaneous activity on electromyography, in XXXX .

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: Although used extensively, there is little published information on the prognostic ability of exercise 201Tl scintigraphy. Accordingly, 1 yr after testing we contacted 819 @entity1 without previous MI or CABG seen in our laboratory during a 2-yr period. Events were defined as death from a cardiovascular cause, nonfatal MI, or worsening clinical state requiring CABG. The event rate was 3.9 events per 100 @entity1 per year. There was univariate prognostic information when comparing the highest and lowest categories as risk ratios for @entity662 characteristics (2.7), sex (2.3), exercise duration (3.1), ST slope (2.5), and @entity4214 pattern (11.6), intensity of perfusion defect (17.2), and number of abnormal regions (8.7). However, the strongest predictors were also the least common. Prognostic ability was improved by combining the results categorically, as the number of abnormal tests (13.9). The highest risk ratio, 20.5:1, was obtained by combining results through discriminant function analysis. We conclude that exercise @entity4214 scintigraphy provides prognostic information, although the most predictive patterns are uncommon. Combining the results of multiple test results improves the prognostic ability.

title: Prediction of death, myocardial infarction, and worsening @entity662 using XXXX scintigraphy and exercise electrocardiography.

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

answer: @entity4214 :: (MESH:D013793,Chemical) :: ['thallium']


abstract: Although used extensively, there is little published information on the prognostic ability of exercise 201Tl scintigraphy. Accordingly, 1 yr after testing we contacted 819 @entity1 without previous MI or CABG seen in our laboratory during a 2-yr period. Events were defined as death from a cardiovascular cause, nonfatal MI, or worsening clinical state requiring CABG. The event rate was 3.9 events per 100 @entity1 per year. There was univariate prognostic information when comparing the highest and lowest categories as risk ratios for @entity662 characteristics (2.7), sex (2.3), exercise duration (3.1), ST slope (2.5), and @entity4214 pattern (11.6), intensity of perfusion defect (17.2), and number of abnormal regions (8.7). However, the strongest predictors were also the least common. Prognostic ability was improved by combining the results categorically, as the number of abnormal tests (13.9). The highest risk ratio, 20.5:1, was obtained by combining results through discriminant function analysis. We conclude that exercise @entity4214 scintigraphy provides prognostic information, although the most predictive patterns are uncommon. Combining the results of multiple test results improves the prognostic ability.

title: Prediction of death, myocardial infarction, and worsening XXXX using @entity4214 scintigraphy and exercise electrocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study reports on patterns of @entity167 use among cantineras: recently immigrated Latina @entity1 who make a living drinking in working class Latino bars (cantinas). METHOD: @entity1 working in 10 cantinas in a Latino neighborhood participated in a semistructured interview that included questions about their personal background and current working conditions. Twenty-one @entity1 were interviewed at their home or place of work. RESULTS: Drinking is a duty required of @entity1 who work in cantinas, and the conditions in which @entity167 is consumed varies by the type of job they perform. Cantineras establish drinking habits and routines to maximize profits and maintain their jobs, while adopting coping strategies to minimize adverse health consequences. CONCLUSIONS: The drinking behavior of cantineras presents a paradox. To make a living, they need to become efficient drinkers who profit from their behavior. At the same time, they need to recognize and set limits to their drinking. The norms of cantineras distinguish drinking as duty from drinking for recreation, and they recognize problem drinking. The heavy health burden imposed by obligatory drinking at work is the result of limited job opportunities and the @entity3067 experienced by Latina immigrants who must find ways to cope with the pressures they endure as poor @entity1 .

title: Drinking for wages: XXXX use among cantineras.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['marginality']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the immunological and virological outcome, and the factors associated to discontinuation in @entity1 switching to a regimen containing efavirenz (EFV), @entity5198 ( @entity16333 ) or @entity22208 (ABC) after long-term viral suppression under protease inhibitor-including HAART. DESIGN: Observational study at three outpatient clinics for @entity645 care in Italy. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity645 RNA <80 copies/ml and @entity404 >200 cells/ml for at least 6 months on a protease inhibitor-containing treatment who switched to NVP, EFV or ABC were included in the study. End-points were immunological failure, virological failure and discontinuation due to @entity137 . Survival analyses were performed to find out any independent variables predictive of reaching the end-points. RESULTS: 177 @entity1 were enrolled; 85 started EFV, 54 NVP and 38 ABC as part of the simplification regimen. 16/159 @entity1 experienced immunological failure: the variables associated to @entity404 count decrease were @entity645 RNA set point value (HR 2.32 for each log10 copies more, P=0.040) and intolerance/ @entity137 as reason for simplification (HR 3.96, P=0.05). 13/151 subjects showed virological failure; an @entity791 diagnosis (HR 6.04, P=0.021) and the use of NVP (HR 7.98, P=0.027) were associated to a worse virological outcome, while @entity1 naive before HAART showed a lower risk of failure (HR 0.008, P=0.007). 16/177 @entity1 discontinued simplification regimen due to @entity137 ; longer HAART duration before switch was associated to risk reduction (HR 0.92, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Simplification is safe and effective, but it should be offered to @entity1 with shorter treatment duration, and in good clinical and immunovirological conditions.

title: Simplification of protease inhibitor-containing regimens with efavirenz, @entity5198 or XXXX : safety and efficacy outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

answer: @entity22208 :: (MESH:C106538,Chemical) :: ['abacavir']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the immunological and virological outcome, and the factors associated to discontinuation in @entity1 switching to a regimen containing efavirenz (EFV), @entity5198 ( @entity16333 ) or @entity22208 (ABC) after long-term viral suppression under protease inhibitor-including HAART. DESIGN: Observational study at three outpatient clinics for @entity645 care in Italy. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity645 RNA <80 copies/ml and @entity404 >200 cells/ml for at least 6 months on a protease inhibitor-containing treatment who switched to NVP, EFV or ABC were included in the study. End-points were immunological failure, virological failure and discontinuation due to @entity137 . Survival analyses were performed to find out any independent variables predictive of reaching the end-points. RESULTS: 177 @entity1 were enrolled; 85 started EFV, 54 NVP and 38 ABC as part of the simplification regimen. 16/159 @entity1 experienced immunological failure: the variables associated to @entity404 count decrease were @entity645 RNA set point value (HR 2.32 for each log10 copies more, P=0.040) and intolerance/ @entity137 as reason for simplification (HR 3.96, P=0.05). 13/151 subjects showed virological failure; an @entity791 diagnosis (HR 6.04, P=0.021) and the use of NVP (HR 7.98, P=0.027) were associated to a worse virological outcome, while @entity1 naive before HAART showed a lower risk of failure (HR 0.008, P=0.007). 16/177 @entity1 discontinued simplification regimen due to @entity137 ; longer HAART duration before switch was associated to risk reduction (HR 0.92, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Simplification is safe and effective, but it should be offered to @entity1 with shorter treatment duration, and in good clinical and immunovirological conditions.

title: Simplification of protease inhibitor-containing regimens with efavirenz, XXXX or @entity22208 : safety and efficacy outcomes.

answer: @entity5198 :: (MESH:D019829,Chemical) :: ['nevirapine']


abstract: @entity1 22K factor is a cytokine released by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes. The factor stimulates fibroblasts to produce interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ) and thereby exerts antiviral activity on these cells. It was identified as @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) by its @entity535 sequence and spectrum of biological activities. The pyrogenic and haematological effects of pure 22K factor were studied at different doses and were compared with those of endotoxin and interferon. 22K factor dose-dependently induced @entity221 in @entity95 , 0.1 microgram/kg being a minimum effective dose. Intravenous injection in @entity95 caused immediate granulocytosis at low dose, while a profound granulopenia followed by hypergranulocytosis was observed at high dose. Preparations of pure 22K factor were free of detectable lipopolysaccharide and lost their biological effects after heat-treatment. Repeated injections of 22K factor did not result in a state of tolerance. There is no evidence that the effects in vivo of 22K factor were mediated by induction of interferon. @entity1 22K factor, a weak and species-specific inducer in @entity2391 in vitro, did not induce detectable amounts of circulating interferon in @entity95 . Moreover, injection of @entity95 with @entity2391 resulted in a weak effect on body temperature and granulocyte counts as compared to similar doses of 22K factor.

title: Pyrogenic and haematological effects of the interferon-inducing 22K factor ( XXXX ) from @entity1 leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['interleukin 1 beta']


abstract: @entity1 22K factor is a cytokine released by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes. The factor stimulates fibroblasts to produce interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ) and thereby exerts antiviral activity on these cells. It was identified as @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) by its @entity535 sequence and spectrum of biological activities. The pyrogenic and haematological effects of pure 22K factor were studied at different doses and were compared with those of endotoxin and interferon. 22K factor dose-dependently induced @entity221 in @entity95 , 0.1 microgram/kg being a minimum effective dose. Intravenous injection in @entity95 caused immediate granulocytosis at low dose, while a profound granulopenia followed by hypergranulocytosis was observed at high dose. Preparations of pure 22K factor were free of detectable lipopolysaccharide and lost their biological effects after heat-treatment. Repeated injections of 22K factor did not result in a state of tolerance. There is no evidence that the effects in vivo of 22K factor were mediated by induction of interferon. @entity1 22K factor, a weak and species-specific inducer in @entity2391 in vitro, did not induce detectable amounts of circulating interferon in @entity95 . Moreover, injection of @entity95 with @entity2391 resulted in a weak effect on body temperature and granulocyte counts as compared to similar doses of 22K factor.

title: Pyrogenic and haematological effects of the interferon-inducing 22K factor ( @entity1356 ) from XXXX leukocytes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Margin status can often be difficult to assess intraoperatively, particularly during partial nephrectomy given the time constraints related to @entity8 . We hypothesized that a targeted molecular imaging approach could be used during surgery to identify @entity5 margins and confirm disease clearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EC17, a novel tracer targeting FRa, was used in @entity19 models of @entity1358 to identify positive margins after surgery. Positive margins were detected due to elevated @entity5 -to-background ratios of the @entity5 compared to surrounding normal tissues. We performed a pilot study in 4  @entity1 using EC17 preoperatively with intraoperative imaging during the operation. RESULTS: FRa was highly expressed in 65% of @entity1358 harvested from the operating room. In the @entity19 model intraoperative imaging of @entity1358 revealed a mean    SD @entity5 -to-background ratio of 8.2      1.1 in the RCC10, 11.2    1.1 in the 786-0 and 4.3    1.1 in the UMRC2 cell line. Compared to visual inspection intraoperative imaging of the surgical resection bed identified @entity66 in 24% more animals. In the @entity1 pilot study targeted molecular imaging identified 2 of 4 @entity1358 and had no false-positive results. In these 2 cases the @entity5 -to-background ratio was 3.7 and 4.6, respectively. In each case we confirmed disease clearance and @entity5 fluorescence did not correlate with nodule size or @entity5 grade. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first demonstration in @entity1 of identifying @entity1358 during surgery using a targeted molecular contrast agent. This approach may lead to a superior method of identifying @entity5 and @entity5 borders in the intraoperative setting.

title: Intraoperative Molecular Diagnostic Imaging Can XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hilar clamping']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'clear cell renal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Identify Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-pigmented, non-sporulating, rod-shaped bacterial strain WYH 22-41T was isolated from a @entity4613 mine in Yunnan Province, China. The cells were motile with a single polar flagellum. The 16S rRNA gene of strain WYH 22-41T was phylogenetically related to the corresponding gene of Comamonas terrae DSM 27221T (98.4%), Comamonas odontotermitis LMG 23579T (97.6%) and Comamonas aquatica LMG 2370T (97.4%). DNA-DNA hybridizations of strain WYH 22-41T with these three strains showed relatedness of 33.2%, 20.5% and 27.7%, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain WYH 22-41T was 62.4 mol%. The predominant respiratory @entity3276 was @entity12931 -8. The major polar lipids were @entity6298 , @entity3633 , and @entity3634 . The major @entity1718 of strain WYH 22-41T were C16 : 0, @entity27666 : 0 cyclo, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1   6c and/or C16 : 1   7c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1   6c and/or C18 : 1   7c). On the basis of its phenotypic properties, phylogenetic characteristics, DNA-DNA hybridization, as well as whole-cell @entity844 composition, strain WYH 22-41T represents a novel species of the genus Comamonas, for which the name Comamonas phosphati sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WYH 22-41T (=CGMCC 1.12294T = DSM 26017T).

title: Comamonas phosphati sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a XXXX mine.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity6298 :: ('CHEBI:28494', 'Chemical') :: ['diphosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity4613 :: (D010710,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The process of preparing endoscopic @entity420 samples for next-generation DNA/RNA sequencing is poorly described. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility and pitfalls of preparing @entity420 endoscopic biopsies toward DNA/RNA samples suitable for next-generation sequencing. In this prospective study, four @entity5 biopsy samples were collected from consecutive @entity418 @entity1 during esophagogastroduodenoscopy and fresh-frozen in liquid @entity1568 . DNA and RNA were isolated from samples with a @entity5 percentage of at least 50%. For next-generation sequencing, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is required and high-quality RNA preferred. The quantity dsDNA and RNA quantity and quality were assessed with the Nanodrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Biopsy samples of 69 consecutive @entity1 with @entity420 were included. In five @entity1 (7%), the @entity5 percentage was less than 50% in all four biopsies. Using a protocol allowing simultaneous DNA and RNA isolation, the median dsDNA yield was 2.4    g (range 0.1-12.0    g) and the median RNA yield was 0.5    g (range 0.01-2.05    g). The median RNA integrity number of samples that were fresh-frozen within 30 minutes after sampling was 6.7 (range 4.2-8.9) compared with 2.5 (1.8-4.5) for samples that were fresh-frozen after 2 hours. The results from this study show that obtaining dsDNA and RNA for next-generation sequencing from endoscopic @entity420 samples is feasible. @entity5 percentage and dsDNA/RNA yield and quality emphasize the need for sampling multiple biopsies and minimizing the delay before fresh-freezing.

title: Biobanking of fresh-frozen endoscopic biopsy specimens from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Histologic sections of seven @entity957 ( @entity957 ), 13 @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ), and a Bowenoid actinic keratoses were examined for expression of HLA class 1 antigens (HLA-ABC) using a monoclonal antibody and an immunoperoxidase technique. Expression of @entity2262 was examined with a polyclonal antibody method. Neither cell marker was detected within the Bowenoid actinic keratoses. @entity957 and @entity1491 exhibited decreased expression of both HLA-ABC and @entity2262 and often did not express these antigens at all. HLA-ABC was present in only two of 13 @entity1491 and four of seven @entity957 . @entity2262 was present in one of 13 @entity1491 and two of seven @entity957 . When present, these antigens often were present in a few areas of the @entity5 , but absent in others. In both @entity957 and @entity1491 , both antigens were usually lost simultaneously. In all @entity5 with @entity2262 , HLA-ABC also was retained. There was no apparent relationship of anatomic site or type of @entity5 with retention of surface antigens. Since some @entity5 or portions of @entity5 retained HLA-ABC and @entity2262 on their surfaces, the absence of these antigens is not an absolute marker for @entity5 .

title: HLA and @entity2262 expression in basal and XXXX of the skin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinomas', 'SCC', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas', 'BCC']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: Histologic sections of seven @entity957 ( @entity957 ), 13 @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ), and a Bowenoid actinic keratoses were examined for expression of HLA class 1 antigens (HLA-ABC) using a monoclonal antibody and an immunoperoxidase technique. Expression of @entity2262 was examined with a polyclonal antibody method. Neither cell marker was detected within the Bowenoid actinic keratoses. @entity957 and @entity1491 exhibited decreased expression of both HLA-ABC and @entity2262 and often did not express these antigens at all. HLA-ABC was present in only two of 13 @entity1491 and four of seven @entity957 . @entity2262 was present in one of 13 @entity1491 and two of seven @entity957 . When present, these antigens often were present in a few areas of the @entity5 , but absent in others. In both @entity957 and @entity1491 , both antigens were usually lost simultaneously. In all @entity5 with @entity2262 , HLA-ABC also was retained. There was no apparent relationship of anatomic site or type of @entity5 with retention of surface antigens. Since some @entity5 or portions of @entity5 retained HLA-ABC and @entity2262 on their surfaces, the absence of these antigens is not an absolute marker for @entity5 .

title: HLA and XXXX expression in basal and @entity957 of the skin.

answer: @entity2262 :: (567,Gene) :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']


abstract: @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) is characterized by recurrent @entity715 and/or pregnancy loss associated with persistently elevated levels of autoantibodies to phospholipids or plasma proteins. @entity1701 occurs both as a @entity66 and as a condition secondary to lupus and other @entity792 . Awareness of the polymorphic presentations of @entity1701 is vital given the risk of life-threatening @entity715 associated with this condition. Anticoagulant therapy is effective in preventing recurrent @entity715 . New biological markers have been developed, including autoantibodies to beta-2-glycoprotein 1 (anti-beta2GP1), @entity3633 (PE), and @entity4404 . These autoantibodies are not listed in the new diagnostic criteria set (Sapporo, 1999) because their usefulness needs to be validated and their detection standardized. Nevertheless, they may be helpful as part of a biological evaluation strategy for @entity1701 . Progress can be expected in the near future, particularly regarding prediction of @entity715 . Although no marker predicts @entity715 with complete certainty, persistent high titers of the IgG variants of one or more antiphospholipid antibodies (particularly circulating anticoagulant and anti-beta2GP1) indicate a high risk of @entity715 . Evaluation of other thrombogenic factors such as inherited @entity49 is probably useful in @entity1 with @entity1701 . Improvements in our ability to predict the risk of @entity715 may lead to novel strategies for prevention and treatment. New drugs such as complement factor (C3) inhibitors are being developed.

title: XXXX : why and how should we make the diagnosis?

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['Antiphospholipid syndrome', 'APLS']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['Antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Department of Defense health care system provides access to care without respect to age, race, or socioeconomic status. We sought to determine the effect of race as a predictor of survival in @entity1 with @entity1204 treated in the Department of Defense medical system. METHODS: Information on @entity1 with @entity1204 was extracted from the Department of Defense centralized @entity5 registry for the period 1988 to 1995. Data included age at diagnosis, military status, race, @entity5 histology, grade, FIGO surgical stage, adjuvant therapies, and disease-free survival. The chi(2) test was used for analysis of prognostic factors and adjuvant treatments between racial groups. Actuarial survival curves were calculated by using the method of Kaplan and Meier and compared by the log-rank test. Variables found to be significant on univariate analysis (P < 0.05) were entered into a multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 1811 @entity1 meeting criteria for the study, racial distribution was 90% Caucasian, 4.4% African-American, and 5.5% Asian-Pacific Islander. African-Americans had more advanced stages of disease compared to Caucasians (P < 0.001). Both African-Americans and Asian-Pacific Islanders had higher grade @entity5 and less favorable histologic types than Caucasians (P < 0.05). The extent of adjuvant therapies was similar for racial groups. African-Americans and Asian-Pacific Islanders had significantly worse 5-year disease-free survivals than Caucasians (P = 0.007). Additional poor prognostic factors included age >60 years, grade, unfavorable histology, and stage. On multivariate analysis age >60 years, stage, and Asian-Pacific Islander race remained significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: African-Americans and Asian-Pacific Islanders had worse survivals than Caucasians. After controlling for imbalances in clinicopathologic factors, Asian-Pacific Islander race was found to be a newly identified poor prognostic factor.

title: Asian-Pacific Islander race independently predicts poor outcome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Department of Defense health care system provides access to care without respect to age, race, or socioeconomic status. We sought to determine the effect of race as a predictor of survival in @entity1 with @entity1204 treated in the Department of Defense medical system. METHODS: Information on @entity1 with @entity1204 was extracted from the Department of Defense centralized @entity5 registry for the period 1988 to 1995. Data included age at diagnosis, military status, race, @entity5 histology, grade, FIGO surgical stage, adjuvant therapies, and disease-free survival. The chi(2) test was used for analysis of prognostic factors and adjuvant treatments between racial groups. Actuarial survival curves were calculated by using the method of Kaplan and Meier and compared by the log-rank test. Variables found to be significant on univariate analysis (P < 0.05) were entered into a multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 1811 @entity1 meeting criteria for the study, racial distribution was 90% Caucasian, 4.4% African-American, and 5.5% Asian-Pacific Islander. African-Americans had more advanced stages of disease compared to Caucasians (P < 0.001). Both African-Americans and Asian-Pacific Islanders had higher grade @entity5 and less favorable histologic types than Caucasians (P < 0.05). The extent of adjuvant therapies was similar for racial groups. African-Americans and Asian-Pacific Islanders had significantly worse 5-year disease-free survivals than Caucasians (P = 0.007). Additional poor prognostic factors included age >60 years, grade, unfavorable histology, and stage. On multivariate analysis age >60 years, stage, and Asian-Pacific Islander race remained significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: African-Americans and Asian-Pacific Islanders had worse survivals than Caucasians. After controlling for imbalances in clinicopathologic factors, Asian-Pacific Islander race was found to be a newly identified poor prognostic factor.

title: Asian-Pacific Islander race independently predicts poor outcome in XXXX with @entity1204 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prior to 1995, in our center, @entity1 with surgically staged @entity1204 with greater than 50% myoinvasion (FIGO 1C) were treated with vault brachytherapy and whole pelvis (WP) radiotherapy despite negative nodes. After October 1, 1995, these @entity1 were treated with vault brachytherapy alone. The aim of this study was to ensure that the survival and recurrence rate had not changed. METHODS: A retrospective review of Cancer Care Manitoba charts was undertaken. All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4348 between October 1, 1995, and @entity3490 , 2001, were reviewed. Data for all FIGO surgical stage 1 @entity1 , and a subset of stage 1C @entity1 , were analyzed and compared with those of a historical control group, composed of @entity1 data previously collected in our center (1978 to 1990) [Gynecol. Oncol. 55 (1994), 51]. RESULTS: A total of 172 @entity1 had negative selective pelvic lymphadenectomy and FIGO stage 1 disease. Fifty-three stage 1C @entity1 were spared WP radiotherapy. Median follow-up was 32 months. Recurrence rate in FIGO stage 1 disease was 2.3% (4/172) and for the subset 1C was 5.7% (3/53). The recurrence rate was not statistically significantly different from that of the historical control group, 3.6% for stage 1 (P = 0.562) and 7.2% for stage 1C (P = 0.51). Two- and five-year survival rates for stage 1 @entity1 in this study were 97 and 95%, respectively. In the historical group, 2- and 5-year survival rates were 97 and 94%. CONCLUSION: Whole pelvis radiotherapy can be safely omitted in @entity1 with FIGO stage 1C @entity1204 if nodal status is known.

title: High-risk surgical stage 1 XXXX : outcomes with vault brachytherapy alone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']