abstract: Background. Traditional uvulectomy is performed as a cultural @entity910 . We describe the associated @entity341 ( @entity341 ) presentations and outcomes. Methods. This was a subgroup analysis of a retrospective review of all pediatric visits to our @entity341 in 2012. Trained abstracters recorded demographics, clinical presentations, and outcomes. Results. Complete data were available for 5540/5774 (96%) visits and 56 (1.0%, 95% CI: 0.7-1.3%) were related to recent uvulectomy, median age 1.3 years (interquartile range: 7 months-2 years) and 30 (54%) were male. Presenting complaints included cough (82%), @entity221 (46%), and @entity6552 (38%). Clinical findings included @entity221 (54%), @entity7405 (30%), and @entity591 (25%). 35 @entity1 (63%, 95% CI: 49-75%) received intravenous antibiotics, 11 (20%, 95% CI: 10-32%) required blood transfusion, and 3 (5%, 95% CI: 1-15%) had surgical intervention. All were admitted to the hospital and 12 (21%, 95% CI: 12-34%) died. By comparison, 498 (9.1%, 95% CI: 8-10%) of the 5484 @entity1 presenting for reasons unrelated to uvulectomy died (p = 0.003). Conclusion. In our cohort, traditional uvulectomy was associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Emergency care providers should advocate for legal and public health interventions to eliminate this dangerous practice.

title: Morbidity and Mortality following Traditional Uvulectomy among XXXX Presenting to the Muhimbili National Hospital Emergency Department in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['ritual or purported medical remedy']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Molecular diagnosis for subjects with extremely low HDL-C through candidate-gene approaches requires huge effort. Whole exome-sequencing (WES) has already shown approximately    30% success in the diagnosis of @entity74 . Moreover, novel in silico prediction software for the pathogenicity of novel missense variants named Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) has recently been developed, enabling the objective integration of many diverse annotations into a single measure (C-score) for each variant. Here, we investigated whether WES combined with integrated variant annotation prediction could facilitate the molecular diagnosis of this rare condition. METHODS: WES was performed on 8 individuals including 2 individuals exhibiting extremely low HDL-C (2  mg/dl and 6  mg/dl), 2 unaffected family members, and 4 unrelated individuals as controls. We filtered out the following variants: 1) Benign variants predicted by SnpEff; 2) @entity28538 ) Segregation unmatched for the recessive form of inheritance; 4) C-score  <  10. RESULTS: Among 305,202 variants found in those individuals, we found 21,708 nonsense, missense, or splice site variants, of which 5192 were rare (MAF   <=  1% or not reported). Filtering assuming a recessive pattern of inheritance, combined with the use of the C-score, successfully narrowed down the candidates to compound heterozygous mutations in the @entity21123 gene ( @entity71816 or @entity71817 / @entity71818 or @entity71819 , and @entity71820 or @entity71821 / @entity71822 or @entity71823 ). CONCLUSIONS: WES combined with integrated variant annotation prediction successfully identified asymptomatic @entity8811 with novel @entity21123 mutations. This comprehensive approach is useful to determine causative variants, especially in @entity74 .

title: Whole exome sequencing combined with integrated variant annotation prediction identifies asymptomatic @entity8811 with compound heterozygous mutations in XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity8811 :: ('MESH:D013631', 'Disease') :: ['Tangier disease']

entities_list: @entity28538 :: ('84232', 'Gene') :: ['Minor allele frequency (MAF)  >  1%; 3']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessive inherited diseases', 'Mendelian disorders']

answer: @entity21123 :: (19,Gene) :: ['ABCA1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Molecular diagnosis for subjects with extremely low HDL-C through candidate-gene approaches requires huge effort. Whole exome-sequencing (WES) has already shown approximately    30% success in the diagnosis of @entity74 . Moreover, novel in silico prediction software for the pathogenicity of novel missense variants named Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) has recently been developed, enabling the objective integration of many diverse annotations into a single measure (C-score) for each variant. Here, we investigated whether WES combined with integrated variant annotation prediction could facilitate the molecular diagnosis of this rare condition. METHODS: WES was performed on 8 individuals including 2 individuals exhibiting extremely low HDL-C (2  mg/dl and 6  mg/dl), 2 unaffected family members, and 4 unrelated individuals as controls. We filtered out the following variants: 1) Benign variants predicted by SnpEff; 2) @entity28538 ) Segregation unmatched for the recessive form of inheritance; 4) C-score  <  10. RESULTS: Among 305,202 variants found in those individuals, we found 21,708 nonsense, missense, or splice site variants, of which 5192 were rare (MAF   <=  1% or not reported). Filtering assuming a recessive pattern of inheritance, combined with the use of the C-score, successfully narrowed down the candidates to compound heterozygous mutations in the @entity21123 gene ( @entity71816 or @entity71817 / @entity71818 or @entity71819 , and @entity71820 or @entity71821 / @entity71822 or @entity71823 ). CONCLUSIONS: WES combined with integrated variant annotation prediction successfully identified asymptomatic @entity8811 with novel @entity21123 mutations. This comprehensive approach is useful to determine causative variants, especially in @entity74 .

title: Whole exome sequencing combined with integrated variant annotation prediction identifies asymptomatic XXXX with compound heterozygous mutations in @entity21123 gene.

answer: @entity8811 :: (MESH:D013631,Disease) :: ['Tangier disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between changes in @entity1 attributes and hospital attributes over time and to explore predictors of medical utilization and mortality rates in @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) @entity1 in Taiwan. BACKGROUND: Providing effective medical care for @entity2489 @entity1 is challenging and requires good planning and effective clinical decision making policies. Most studies of @entity2489 , however, have only analyzed a single regional ventilator weaning center or respiratory care unit, high-quality population-based studies of @entity2489 trends and outcomes are scarce. METHODS: This population-based cohort study retrospectively analyzed 213,945 @entity2489 @entity1 treated during 2004-2009. RESULTS: During the study period, the percentages of @entity2489 @entity1 with the following characteristics significantly increased: age     65 years, treatment at a medical center, and treatment by a high-volume physician. In contrast, the percentages of @entity2489 @entity1 treated at local hospitals and by low-volume physicians significantly decreased (P<0.001). Age, gender, Deyo-Charlson co-morbidity index, teaching hospital, hospital level, hospital volume, and physician volume were significantly associated with @entity2489 outcome (P<0.001). Over the 6-year period analyzed in this study, the estimated mean hospital treatment cost increased 48.8% whereas mean length of stay decreased 13.9%. The estimated mean overall survival time for @entity2489 @entity1 was 16.4 months (SD 0.4 months), and the overall in-hospital 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 61.0%, 36.7%, 17.3%, and 9.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These population-based data revealed increases in the percentages of @entity2489 @entity1 treated at medical centers and by high-volume physicians, especially in younger @entity1 . Notably, although LOS for @entity2489 @entity1 decreased, hospital treatment costs increased. Healthcare providers and @entity1 should recognize that attributes of both the @entity1 and the hospital may affect outcomes.

title: Trend analysis and outcome prediction in mechanically ventilated XXXX : a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical ventilation', 'MV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After masseteric-facial nerve (V-VII) @entity254 , a new neurological circuit oversees the facial muscles and @entity1 should learn to activate the facial movements using the masseteric function. AIM: To monitor the rehabilitative protocol of facial muscles activation through teeth @entity31474 and to assess the clinical evolution after V-VII @entity254 in terms of facial symmetry and functional recovery. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Outpatients clinic. POPULATION: Eleven @entity1 undergone V-VII @entity254 for complete unilateral @entity3541 . METHODS: After surgery, @entity1 underwent a needle electromyography (EMG) and a rehabilitative training with mirror feedback to learn how to reach the symmetry at rest and during facial movements through teeth @entity31474 . The rehabilitative protocol at the first clinical evaluation has been monitored through the Italian version of Sunnybrook Facial Grading System (SFGS) and the Software Facial Assessment by Computer Evaluation (FACE). Functional limitations and quality of life have been evaluated using the Italian version of @entity717 Index (FDI). The clinical evolution at 18 months was evaluated with EMG, SFGS, biting evaluation and FDI. RESULTS: At the first clinical evaluation after reinnervation, through teeth @entity31474 @entity1 displayed an improvement of symmetry at rest, symmetry of @entity717 , symmetry of smile and composite score of SFGS. Objective measurement of facial structures with FACE system demonstrated an improvement of symmetry at rest and during smile through teeth @entity31474 . At 18 months @entity1 displayed a good reinnervation with a further improvement of SFGS scores and @entity717 . No biting deficit has been observed. CONCLUSIONS: After V-VII @entity254 , at the first rehabilitative visit, @entity1 learn to activate the reinnervated facial muscles through teeth @entity31474 . Eighteen months after the @entity254 , @entity1 display a further improvement of voluntary control on facial symmetry and smile and a @entity717 . CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Our study illustrates the rehabilitative protocol after V-VII @entity254 and analyzes the clinical evolution after this intervention in terms of recovery of facial symmetry and @entity717 . This will be instrumental to standardize the rehabilitative protocol among different centers and to choose the best @entity1 -tailored surgical approach for subjects affected by @entity3541 .

title: Rehabilitation and functional recovery after masseteric-facial nerve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['complete facial palsy', 'facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of functional disability', 'Facial Disability', 'voluntary movement', 'reduction of disability']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the BISAP and APACHE II scores in predicting severity according to the 2012 Atlanta classification and whether the @entity28 factor added to these scores improves prediction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study between January 2013 and April 2014 including all @entity1 with @entity656 was performed according to the new Atlanta 2012 classification. ROC curves were fabricated for BISAP, BISAP-O, APACHE-II scores and Apache O and appropriate cutoffs were selected to the sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , NPV, RPP and RPN. RESULTS: We studied 334 @entity1 . 65.27% were overweighted or @entity28 . The biliar etiology was 86.53%. Only 8.38% had severe @entity788 and 1.5% died. Areas under the ROC curve and cut points selected were: BISAP: 0.8725, 2; BISAP-O: 0.8246, 3; APACHE-II: 0.8547, 5; APACHE-O: 0.8531, 6. Using these cutoffs the sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , NPV, RPP and RPN were BISAP: 60.71%, 91.83%, 40.48%, 96.23 %, 7.43, 0.43; BISAP-O: 60.71%, 86.93%, 29.82%, 96.03%, 4.76, 0.45; APACHE-II: 85.71%, 76.14%, 24.74%, 98.31%, 3.6, 0.19; APACHE-O: 82.14%, 79.41%, 26.74%, 97.98%, 4, 0.22. CONCLUSIONS: BISAP, BISAP-O, APACHE-II and APACHE-O systems can be used to identify @entity1 at low risk of severity because of its high NPV, however their use should be cautious considering that the RPP and RPN do not reach optimal levels indicating that their value in predicting severity is limited. On the other hand adding the @entity28 factor did not improve their predictive ability.

title: [BISAP-O y APACHE-O: utility in predicting severity in XXXX in modified Atlanta classification].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute pancreatitis']


abstract: Mosquitoes are the most deadly vectors of parasites that cause diseases such as @entity311 , @entity22073 , and @entity6565 . In view of the recent increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticides, the objective of this study was to determine the repellent activity of creams formulated with @entity1042 crude extract (MCE), @entity4315 fraction (HF), and @entity1046 fractions (EAFs) of Ocimum gratissimum and Lantana camara leaves in single and combined actions against female @entity4224 . Evaluation was carried out in the net cages (30 by 30 by 30   cm) containing 60 blood-starved female mosquitoes each and were assayed in the @entity2480 following World Health Organization 2009 protocol. All formulations (single and mixture) were applied at 2, 4, 6, and 8   mg/cm(2) in the exposed area of @entity1 hands. Only @entity1324   +   white soft paraffin served as negative control and odomos (12% DEET) as positive control. All the formulations presented good protection against mosquito bites without any @entity56 by the @entity1 volunteers. The repellent activity was dependent on the strength of the extracts and fractions. Among the tested formulations, the maximum protection time was observed in MCE (120   min) and EAF (150   min) of O. gratissimum; MCE:MCE (150   min) and HF:HF (120   min) mixtures of both plants. In addition, MCE:MCE and HF:HF mixtures from both plants showed possible synergistic effect. From the results, the combination of O. gratissimum and L. camara to formulate natural mosquito repellent using small amount of extracts can be encouraging to be an alternative to conventional DEET.

title: Creams Formulated with Ocimum gratissimum L. and Lantana camara L. Crude Extracts and Fractions as Mosquito Repellents Against XXXX L. (Diptera: Culicidae).

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory condition']

entities_list: @entity22073 :: ('MESH:D015004', 'Disease') :: ['yellow fever']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: The cohort of 17,200 female Swedish @entity2695 @entity1 , who had been exposed to ionizing radiation because of @entity272 , was analyzed for @entity0 incidence with descriptive excess relative risk models and mechanistic models of @entity105 . The dosimetry system has recently been updated, leading to substantially reduced doses for the most highly exposed part of the Stockholm cohort. The follow-up includes @entity1 until December 2009 with 877 @entity0 cases. All models agree on the risk estimates. The excess relative and excess absolute risk at the age of 50 years are 0.48 Gy(-1) (95% CI 0.28; 0.69) and 10.4 (10(4)PYR Gy)(-1) (95% CI 6.1; 14.4) (95% CI 6.1; 14.4), respectively. These risk estimates are about a factor of 2 higher than previous analyses of this cohort as a consequence of the re-evaluation of the dosimetry system. Explicit models incorporating effects of genomic instability were developed and applied to the @entity2695 cohort. It was found that a radiation-induced transition towards genomic instability was highly significant. The models indicate that the main effect of radiation-induced genomic instability is to increase the rate of transition of non-initiated cells to initiated cells with a proliferative advantage. The magnitude of such an acceleration cannot be inferred from epidemiological data alone, but must be complemented by radiobiological measurements.

title: XXXX risk and possible mechanisms of radiation-induced genomic instability in the Swedish @entity2695 cohort after reanalyzed dosimetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: The cohort of 17,200 female Swedish @entity2695 @entity1 , who had been exposed to ionizing radiation because of @entity272 , was analyzed for @entity0 incidence with descriptive excess relative risk models and mechanistic models of @entity105 . The dosimetry system has recently been updated, leading to substantially reduced doses for the most highly exposed part of the Stockholm cohort. The follow-up includes @entity1 until December 2009 with 877 @entity0 cases. All models agree on the risk estimates. The excess relative and excess absolute risk at the age of 50 years are 0.48 Gy(-1) (95% CI 0.28; 0.69) and 10.4 (10(4)PYR Gy)(-1) (95% CI 6.1; 14.4) (95% CI 6.1; 14.4), respectively. These risk estimates are about a factor of 2 higher than previous analyses of this cohort as a consequence of the re-evaluation of the dosimetry system. Explicit models incorporating effects of genomic instability were developed and applied to the @entity2695 cohort. It was found that a radiation-induced transition towards genomic instability was highly significant. The models indicate that the main effect of radiation-induced genomic instability is to increase the rate of transition of non-initiated cells to initiated cells with a proliferative advantage. The magnitude of such an acceleration cannot be inferred from epidemiological data alone, but must be complemented by radiobiological measurements.

title: @entity0 risk and possible mechanisms of radiation-induced genomic instability in the Swedish XXXX cohort after reanalyzed dosimetry.

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bacterial cellulose (BC), a type of nanopolymer produced by @entity20196 is a nanostructured material with unique properties and wide applicability. However, a standard medium used for the cultivation of BC, the Hestrin-Schramm medium, is expensive and prevents wide scale extension of BC applications. In this research, a relatively low-cost culture media was successfully developed from wood hot water extracts for the @entity20196 23769 strain. Hot water extract (HWE) is a residual material originating from pulp mills and lignocellulosic biorefineries and consists of mainly monomeric @entity3363 , organic acids and organics. The effects of different pH (5, 6, 7 and 8) and temperatures (26, 28 and 30  C) were also examined in this research. There were no significant differences in the crystallinity and the recorded Ia fraction of cellulose produced between Hestrin-Schramm and the HWE medium. The maximum production of 0.15g/l of BC was obtained at a pH of 8 and temperature of 28  C. @entity413 and xylose in the HWE were the main nutrient sources utilized in all BC cultivations based on high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) results. HWE was shown to be a suitable @entity505 source for BC production, and a process was established for BC production from lignocellulosic feedstocks without using any modification of the HWE. HWE is an abundant and relatively inexpensive forest by-product. Using HWE for BC production could reduce burdens on the environment and also, achieve the goal of large scale BC production at low cost without using added culture nutrients.

title: Synthesis of bacterial cellulose using hot water extracted wood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

entities_list: @entity20196 :: ('28448', 'Species') :: ['Acetobacter xylinum', 'Acetobacter xylinus']

answer: @entity3363 :: (MESH:D002241,Chemical) :: ['sugars']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity74 has become increasingly specialised. The care of @entity1 with @entity510 ( @entity510 ) has generally been part of core neurosurgical practice, provided by general neurosurgeons whatever their specialist interest. The aim of this present study therefore is to ascertain if, and to what extent care provided by a dedicated neurovascular team (compared to care provided by a general neurosurgical team) change @entity1 disposition in @entity510 . METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of @entity510 @entity1 , identified from a departmental database of a single neurosurgical centre. In 2008, the service was reorganised such that a neurovascular team cared for all @entity510 @entity1 . We compared clinical outcome in @entity1 admitted prior to this service reorganisation (Period A, 2004-2007) with @entity1 admitted afterwards (Period B, 2009-2011). Survival and recovery were assessed according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Multi-factorial logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the injury and age adjusted incidence of complications, odds of survival at discharge, discharge home, mortality, good recovery (GOS 5) and favourable outcome, by dichotomising GOS (GOS 4-5 vs. GOS 1-3) at 3 months. RESULTS: 1114 @entity1 were included in the study. The mean age of @entity1 presenting in Period A (n=543) was younger [50 years (SD 13.5)] than those in Period B (n=571) [53 years (SD 13)]. @entity1 admitted in Period B were more likely to present as poor grade (World Federation of Neurological surgeons (WFNS) grades 4 and 5) compared to Period A (26.5% vs. 21.3%). No statistical differences between the groups in the incidence of pre-operative re-bleeding (3% vs. 5%) or rates of delayed @entity1779 (16.1% vs. 16.1%) were observed. After adjustment for age, sex and injury severity, the odds of @entity1 time to discharge, discharge home and good recovery (GOS 5) were 27% (p<0.001), 45% (p=0.001) and 93% (p<0.001) higher respectively in Period B than Period A. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented here demonstrates that management of @entity510 by a dedicated neurovascular team improves the potential for @entity1 recovery.

title: Impact of specialist neurovascular care in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neurosurgical disorders']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage', 'SAH']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity358 ( @entity358 ) are rare congenital lung lesions often diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound. High-risk cases can result in @entity4 and prenatal or postnatal demise. Antenatal @entity5935 has resulted in improved survival but it is unclear how to manage @entity1 who do not respond to a single course. METHODS: We present a bi-institutional retrospective review of @entity1 treated with multiple courses of prenatal @entity230 for high-risk @entity358 between 2007 and 2013. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 met inclusion criteria. All but one either had an increased CPAM volume ratio (CVR) or number of fluid-containing compartments involved after a single course of antenatal @entity5935 , prompting additional courses. Four @entity1 stabilized, three improved and two progressed after the second course. The two cases with disease progression underwent an in utero resection. There were one in utero fetal demise and two deaths within the delivery room. Both fetuses that underwent a fetal resection died. All but one mother who delivered a viable fetus had complications of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple courses of antenatal @entity5935 for high-risk fetal @entity358 often result in favorable short-term outcomes without the need for open fetal resection. Pregnancy complications are common and @entity1 within this cohort should be monitored closely.

title: Favorable outcomes in high-risk XXXX treated with multiple courses of maternal @entity5935 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital pulmonary airway malformations', 'CPAMs']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['congenital pulmonary airway malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity358 ( @entity358 ) are rare congenital lung lesions often diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound. High-risk cases can result in @entity4 and prenatal or postnatal demise. Antenatal @entity5935 has resulted in improved survival but it is unclear how to manage @entity1 who do not respond to a single course. METHODS: We present a bi-institutional retrospective review of @entity1 treated with multiple courses of prenatal @entity230 for high-risk @entity358 between 2007 and 2013. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 met inclusion criteria. All but one either had an increased CPAM volume ratio (CVR) or number of fluid-containing compartments involved after a single course of antenatal @entity5935 , prompting additional courses. Four @entity1 stabilized, three improved and two progressed after the second course. The two cases with disease progression underwent an in utero resection. There were one in utero fetal demise and two deaths within the delivery room. Both fetuses that underwent a fetal resection died. All but one mother who delivered a viable fetus had complications of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple courses of antenatal @entity5935 for high-risk fetal @entity358 often result in favorable short-term outcomes without the need for open fetal resection. Pregnancy complications are common and @entity1 within this cohort should be monitored closely.

title: Favorable outcomes in high-risk @entity358 treated with multiple courses of maternal XXXX .

answer: @entity5935 :: (MESH:D001623,Chemical) :: ['betamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 ( @entity63 ) is associated with a high risk of @entity65 events. We assessed the strategy of routine coronary angiography and subsequent coronary revascularization, if clinically indicated, in @entity1 with @entity63 who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). METHODS: Of a total 286 consecutive @entity63 @entity1 treated by PTA, 252 @entity1 who underwent coronary angiography before or after PTA were enrolled. @entity453 ( @entity453 ) was defined as angiographic stenosis >= 50% and significant @entity453 as >= 70% stenosis. RESULTS: Of the 252 @entity1 with @entity63 who underwent coronary angiography, a total of 167 @entity1 (66.3%) had @entity453 and 85 @entity1 (33.7%) did not have @entity453 . @entity1 in the @entity453 group were older, had a higher prevalence of @entity6 and @entity66 , and had a lower mean ejection fraction. In the @entity453 group, of the 145 @entity1 with significant @entity453 , percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 114 @entity1 (78.6%). At 1 year, the @entity453 and non- @entity453 groups had no statistically significant differences in mortality (7.1% vs 4.7%; P=.45), @entity583 (1.1% vs 0%; P=.31), and PCI (4.7% vs 1.1%; P=.31). These outcomes were similar after the adjustment of baseline confounders. At 1 year, the @entity453 and non- @entity453 groups had similar rates of repeat PTA (16.7% vs 17.6%; P=.86), @entity75 revascularization (13.7% vs 14.1%; P=.94), and amputation (19.1% vs 16.4%; P=.60). CONCLUSION: A strategy of routine coronary angiography and coronary revascularization may be a reasonable treatment option for these @entity1 who have high risk for severe @entity453 . A randomized trial is needed to determine if this is the preferred strategy for @entity63 @entity1 .

title: Clinical Outcomes of @entity1 With XXXX who Undergo Routine Coronary Angiography and Subsequent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Critical limb ischemia', 'CLI']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Critical Limb Ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 ( @entity63 ) is associated with a high risk of @entity65 events. We assessed the strategy of routine coronary angiography and subsequent coronary revascularization, if clinically indicated, in @entity1 with @entity63 who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). METHODS: Of a total 286 consecutive @entity63 @entity1 treated by PTA, 252 @entity1 who underwent coronary angiography before or after PTA were enrolled. @entity453 ( @entity453 ) was defined as angiographic stenosis >= 50% and significant @entity453 as >= 70% stenosis. RESULTS: Of the 252 @entity1 with @entity63 who underwent coronary angiography, a total of 167 @entity1 (66.3%) had @entity453 and 85 @entity1 (33.7%) did not have @entity453 . @entity1 in the @entity453 group were older, had a higher prevalence of @entity6 and @entity66 , and had a lower mean ejection fraction. In the @entity453 group, of the 145 @entity1 with significant @entity453 , percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in 114 @entity1 (78.6%). At 1 year, the @entity453 and non- @entity453 groups had no statistically significant differences in mortality (7.1% vs 4.7%; P=.45), @entity583 (1.1% vs 0%; P=.31), and PCI (4.7% vs 1.1%; P=.31). These outcomes were similar after the adjustment of baseline confounders. At 1 year, the @entity453 and non- @entity453 groups had similar rates of repeat PTA (16.7% vs 17.6%; P=.86), @entity75 revascularization (13.7% vs 14.1%; P=.94), and amputation (19.1% vs 16.4%; P=.60). CONCLUSION: A strategy of routine coronary angiography and coronary revascularization may be a reasonable treatment option for these @entity1 who have high risk for severe @entity453 . A randomized trial is needed to determine if this is the preferred strategy for @entity63 @entity1 .

title: Clinical Outcomes of XXXX With @entity63 who Undergo Routine Coronary Angiography and Subsequent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is substantial variation across the National Breast and @entity5 Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) grantees in terms of the proportion of the eligible population served by the grantees each year (hereafter referred to as the screening proportion). In this paper, we assess program- and state-level factors to better understand the reason for this variation in breast and cervical @entity5 screening proportions across the NBCCEDP grantees. METHODS: We constructed a longitudinal data set, consisting of data from NBCCEDP grantees for each of the three study years (program-years 2006-2007, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010). We performed multivariate analysis to explain the variation in breast and cervical @entity5 screening proportions across the grantees. The program-level factors studied were the total federal funds received, average cost of screening @entity1 by grantee, and the overall organizational structure. The state-level variables included were urban versus rural mix, access to care, and the size of the eligible population. RESULTS: Of the 48 grantees included in the study, those that serve larger populations, as measured by the size of the population and the percentage of @entity1 eligible for services, had lower screening proportions. Higher average cost of service delivery was also associated with lower screening proportions. In addition, grantees whose populations were more concentrated in urban areas had lower screening proportions. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the average cost of screening, the overall size of the population eligible, and the concentration of population in urban areas all had a negative relationship to the proportion of eligible @entity1 screened by NBCCEDP grantees.

title: Explaining variation across grantees in breast and cervical XXXX screening proportions in the NBCCEDP.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cervical Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ipilimumab is an approved treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity320 . We aimed to assess ipilimumab as adjuvant therapy for @entity1 with completely resected @entity9910 at high risk of recurrence. METHODS: We did a double-blind, phase 3 trial in @entity1 with stage III @entity320 (excluding lymph node @entity3  <=1 mm or in-transit @entity3 ) with adequate resection of lymph nodes (ie, the primary @entity320 must have been completely excised with adequate surgical margins) who had not received previous systemic therapy for @entity320 from 91 hospitals located in 19 countries. @entity1 were randomly assigned (1:1), centrally by an interactive voice response system, to receive intravenous infusions of 10 mg/kg ipilimumab or placebo every 3 weeks for four doses, then every 3 months for up to 3 years. Using a minimisation technique, randomisation was stratified by disease stage and geographical region. The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival, assessed by an independent review committee, and analysed by intention to treat. Enrollment is complete but the study is ongoing for follow-up for analysis of secondary endpoints. This trial is registered with EudraCT, number 2007-001974-10, and ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00636168. FINDINGS: Between July 10, 2008, and Aug 1, 2011, 951 @entity1 were randomly assigned to ipilimumab (n=475) or placebo (n=476), all of whom were included in the intention-to-treat analyses. At a median follow-up of 2  74 years (IQR 2  28-3  22), there were 528 recurrence-free survival events (234 in the ipilimumab group vs 294 in the placebo group). Median recurrence-free survival was 26  1 months (95% CI 19  3-39  3) in the ipilimumab group versus 17  1 months (95% CI 13  4-21  6) in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0  75; 95% CI 0  64-0  90; p=0  0013); 3-year recurrence-free survival was 46  5% (95% CI 41  5-51  3) in the ipilimumab group versus 34  8% (30  1-39  5) in the placebo group. The most common grade 3-4 immune-related adverse events in the ipilimumab group were gastrointestinal (75 [16%] vs four [<1%] in the placebo group), hepatic (50 [11%] vs one [<1%]), and endocrine (40 [8%] vs none). Adverse events led to discontinuation of treatment in 245 (52%) of 471 @entity1 who started ipilimumab (182 [39%] during the initial treatment period of four doses). Five @entity1 (1%) died due to drug-related adverse events. Five (1%) @entity1 died because of drug-related adverse events in the ipilimumab group; three @entity1 died because of @entity1960 (two with @entity344 ), one @entity1 because of @entity2401 , and one @entity1 because of @entity177 with @entity5011 . INTERPRETATION: Adjuvant ipilimumab significantly improved recurrence-free survival for @entity1 with completely resected high-risk @entity9910 . The adverse event profile was consistent with that observed in advanced @entity320 , but at higher incidences in particular for @entity2744 . The risk-benefit ratio of adjuvant ipilimumab at this dose and schedule requires additional assessment based on distant @entity3 -free survival and overall survival endpoints to define its definitive value. FUNDING: Bristol-Myers Squibb.

title: Adjuvant ipilimumab versus placebo after complete resection of high-risk XXXX (EORTC 18071): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal perforation']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathies']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity9910 :: ('MESH:C563985', 'Disease') :: ['stage III melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity9910 :: (MESH:C563985,Disease) :: ['stage III melanoma']


abstract: Seven hundred and seventy-two @entity1 suffering from @entity189 and upper stomach were seen by two surgeons at the Manchester Regional Cardiothoracic Centre over a 15-year period. Five hundred and thirty-one @entity1 had an operation, and of these, 449 had a resection. Throughout the period under review, the policy was to resect the primary @entity5 whenever possible. No emphasis was placed on extensive preoperative parenteral feeding. Adequate rather than radical resection was the aim of the surgery, but even if a curative operation was not possible, the primary was removed if at all possible. Gastric drainage in the immediate postoperative period by nasogastric tube or pyloroplasty was never used. A new classification of high or low @entity5 according to the level seen at oesophagoscopy is suggested; in 30 cases designated as "high", a planned resection was carried out using a bilateral thoracotomy, a method not previously described. The overall operative mortality was 9.2%. Of those having a resection it was 7.6%, and there were only three deaths in the last 120 resections. The predicted actuarial survival in this series of resections was 18% at five years and 12% at 10 years.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus']


abstract: The @entity778 , and avian @entity11317 , into Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK) cells was examined both biochemically and morphologically. At low multiplicity and 0 degrees C, viruses bound to the cell surface but were not internalized. Binding was not greatly dependent on the pH of the medium and reached an equilibrium level in 60-90 min. Over 90% of the bound viruses were removed by neuraminidase but not by proteases. When cells with prebound virus were warmed to 37 degrees C, part of the virus became resistant to removal b neuraminidase, with a half-time of 10-15 min. After a brief lag period, degraded viral material was released into the medium. The neuraminidase-resistant virus was capable of infecting the cells and probably did so by an intracellular route, since @entity5819 , a lysosomotropic agent, blocked both the @entity281 and the degradation of viral protein. When the entry process was observed by electron microscopy, viruses were seen bound primarily to microvilli on the cell surface at 0 degrees C and, after warming at 37 degrees C, were endocytosed in @entity558 , @entity8038 , and large smooth-surfaced vacuoles. Viruses were also present in smooth-surfaced invaginations and small smooth-surfaced vesicles at both temperatures. At physiological pH, no fusion of the virus with the plasma membrane was observed. When prebound virus was incubated at a pH of 5.5 or below for 1 min at 37 degrees C, fusion was, however, detected by ferritin immunolabeling. t low multiplicity, 90% of the prebound virus became neuraminidase-resistant and was presumably fused after only 30 s at low pH. These experiments suggest that fowl plague virus enters MDCK cells by endocytosis in @entity558 and @entity8038 and is transported to the lysosome where the low pH initiates a fusion reaction ultimately resulting in the transfer of the genome into the cytoplasm. The entry pathway of fowl plague virus thus resembles tht earlier described for @entity3597 .

title: Infectious entry pathway of influenza virus in a XXXX kidney cell line.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['entry of fowl plague virus']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['coated pits']

entities_list: @entity11317 :: ('11320', 'Species') :: ['influenza A virus']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['coated vesicles']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5819 :: ('MESH:D000643', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3597 :: ('11033', 'Species') :: ['Semliki Forest virus']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) as assessed by transient elastography (TE) can change longitudinally in @entity1 with @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ). The aim of this study was to identify the factors that improve @entity409 . METHODS: Between April 2007 and December 2012, 151 @entity1 with @entity6194 who underwent two TE procedures with an interval of about 2 years were enrolled. Ninety-six of the 151 @entity1 were treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues [the antiviral therapy (+) group], while the remaining 55 @entity1 were not [the antiviral therapy (-) group]. The two groups of @entity1 were stratified according to whether they exhibited an improvement or a deterioration in @entity409 during the study period (defined as an @entity409 change of  <=0 or >0 kPa, respectively, over a 1-year period), and their data were compared. RESULTS: No differences were observed between the antiviral therapy (+) and (-) groups with respect to either their clinical characteristics or their initial @entity409 . The observed @entity409 improvement was significantly greater in the antiviral therapy (+) group than in the antiviral therapy (-) group (-3.0 vs. 0.98 kPa, P=0.011). In the antiviral therapy (+) group, the initial @entity409 was higher in the @entity409 improvement group (n=63) than in the @entity409 deterioration group (n=33; 7.9 vs. 4.8 kPa, P<0.001). However, there were no differences in any other clinical characteristic. In the antiviral therapy (-) group, the initial @entity409 was also higher in the @entity409 improvement group (n=29) than in the @entity409 deterioration group (n=26; 8.3 vs. 6.5 kPa, P=0.021), with no differences in any other clinical characteristic. CONCLUSIONS: A higher initial @entity409 was the only factor associated with @entity409 improvement in @entity1 with @entity6194 in this study.

title: The factors associated with longitudinal changes in liver stiffness in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver stiffness', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B', 'CHB']

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) as assessed by transient elastography (TE) can change longitudinally in @entity1 with @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ). The aim of this study was to identify the factors that improve @entity409 . METHODS: Between April 2007 and December 2012, 151 @entity1 with @entity6194 who underwent two TE procedures with an interval of about 2 years were enrolled. Ninety-six of the 151 @entity1 were treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues [the antiviral therapy (+) group], while the remaining 55 @entity1 were not [the antiviral therapy (-) group]. The two groups of @entity1 were stratified according to whether they exhibited an improvement or a deterioration in @entity409 during the study period (defined as an @entity409 change of  <=0 or >0 kPa, respectively, over a 1-year period), and their data were compared. RESULTS: No differences were observed between the antiviral therapy (+) and (-) groups with respect to either their clinical characteristics or their initial @entity409 . The observed @entity409 improvement was significantly greater in the antiviral therapy (+) group than in the antiviral therapy (-) group (-3.0 vs. 0.98 kPa, P=0.011). In the antiviral therapy (+) group, the initial @entity409 was higher in the @entity409 improvement group (n=63) than in the @entity409 deterioration group (n=33; 7.9 vs. 4.8 kPa, P<0.001). However, there were no differences in any other clinical characteristic. In the antiviral therapy (-) group, the initial @entity409 was also higher in the @entity409 improvement group (n=29) than in the @entity409 deterioration group (n=26; 8.3 vs. 6.5 kPa, P=0.021), with no differences in any other clinical characteristic. CONCLUSIONS: A higher initial @entity409 was the only factor associated with @entity409 improvement in @entity1 with @entity6194 in this study.

title: The factors associated with longitudinal changes in liver stiffness in XXXX with @entity6194 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: While @entity4298 biopsy is recommended for @entity320 >= 1  mm in depth, its use among the elderly population is more controversial. We reviewed our experience at the University of Michigan with @entity320 @entity1 >= 75  years of age. METHODS: A total of 952 @entity320 @entity1 >= 75  years of age from 1996 to 2011 were identified from our institutional review board-approved database. In addition to clinicopathologic features and outcome data, comorbidity data were collected to calculate the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to characterize predictors of outcome. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to generate survival curves. RESULTS: Among 553 clinically node-negative @entity1 with @entity320 >= 1  mm in Breslow thickness, 213 had wide excision alone, whereas 340 had excision and @entity4298 biopsy, with 83 (24  %) having a positive @entity4298 . @entity4298 biopsy was less likely with older age (p  <  0.0001) and H_N location (p  =  0.007), but not CCI. @entity4298 involvement was associated with female gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.15, p  =  0.009], Breslow thickness [OR 1.23/mm increase, p  =  0.004], and satellitosis (OR 4.43, p  =  0.004). Distant disease-specific survival was negatively associated with male gender (OR 1.5, p  =  0.007), increasing age (OR 1.05/year, p  <  0.001), increasing Breslow thickness (OR 1.07/year, p  =  0.013), ulceration (OR 1.51, p  =  0.004), a positive @entity4298 (OR 2.61, p  <  0.001), and not having a @entity4298 biopsy (OR 1.72, p  <  0.001). CCI did not predict worse disease-free or @entity320 -specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: WLE and @entity4298 biopsy was not only strongly prognostic, but compared with WLE alone was associated with improved outcome, even after factoring for age and comorbidities. If otherwise healthy, @entity4298 biopsy should be strongly considered for this population.

title: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Use Among XXXX @entity1 75  Years of Age and Older.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: While @entity4298 biopsy is recommended for @entity320 >= 1  mm in depth, its use among the elderly population is more controversial. We reviewed our experience at the University of Michigan with @entity320 @entity1 >= 75  years of age. METHODS: A total of 952 @entity320 @entity1 >= 75  years of age from 1996 to 2011 were identified from our institutional review board-approved database. In addition to clinicopathologic features and outcome data, comorbidity data were collected to calculate the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to characterize predictors of outcome. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to generate survival curves. RESULTS: Among 553 clinically node-negative @entity1 with @entity320 >= 1  mm in Breslow thickness, 213 had wide excision alone, whereas 340 had excision and @entity4298 biopsy, with 83 (24  %) having a positive @entity4298 . @entity4298 biopsy was less likely with older age (p  <  0.0001) and H_N location (p  =  0.007), but not CCI. @entity4298 involvement was associated with female gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.15, p  =  0.009], Breslow thickness [OR 1.23/mm increase, p  =  0.004], and satellitosis (OR 4.43, p  =  0.004). Distant disease-specific survival was negatively associated with male gender (OR 1.5, p  =  0.007), increasing age (OR 1.05/year, p  <  0.001), increasing Breslow thickness (OR 1.07/year, p  =  0.013), ulceration (OR 1.51, p  =  0.004), a positive @entity4298 (OR 2.61, p  <  0.001), and not having a @entity4298 biopsy (OR 1.72, p  <  0.001). CCI did not predict worse disease-free or @entity320 -specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: WLE and @entity4298 biopsy was not only strongly prognostic, but compared with WLE alone was associated with improved outcome, even after factoring for age and comorbidities. If otherwise healthy, @entity4298 biopsy should be strongly considered for this population.

title: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Use Among @entity320 XXXX 75  Years of Age and Older.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports showed lack of consensus concerning interruption of anticoagulant/antithrombotic (AC/ @entity1129 ) treatment before @entity1489 surgery. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of @entity86 in @entity1 on AC/ @entity1129 treatment undergoing @entity1489 surgery without interruption of this treatment. METHOD: This prospective cohort study included 271 consecutive @entity1 divided into two groups - @entity1 without and @entity1 with AC/ @entity1129 therapy. Inclusion criteria were @entity1489 ( @entity1491 , @entity957 , or @entity320 ). Exclusion criteria were @entity1 undergoing regional lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy. @entity86 complications taken into consideration were those evaluated as moderate or severe and requiring some form of surgical or non-surgical hemostasis on an outpatient or inpatient basis. RESULTS: There were 47 @entity1 in the AC/ @entity1129 group and 224 in the control group (mean age = 76.6 and 68 years, respectively), with almost equal distribution of @entity5 in both groups. There were 34.1% of @entity1 on @entity1129 , 55% on AC treatment, and 10.6% on mixed treatment (AC+ @entity1129 or @entity1129 + @entity1129 ). @entity86 complications did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.063). CONCLUSION: @entity1489 surgery can be safely performed without discontinuation of AC/ @entity1129 treatment, since the risk of @entity86 is statistically insignificant.

title: Evaluation of the risk of post-operative bleeding complications in XXXX surgery without interruption of anticoagulant/antithrombotic medication: A prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['Skin cancer', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative bleeding', 'postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal-cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: A new robotic surgery tool allows intraoperative ultrasound to be performed using a fully robotic technique. Herein, we evaluate the feasibility and reliability of robotically integrated ultrasound to guide resection of malignant @entity99 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A consecutive series of ultrasound-guided robotic resections of primary and secondary @entity99 was analyzed in terms of perioperative data and specimen evaluation, focusing on the reliability of the new robot-integrated ultrasound probe. RESULTS: Ten consecutive @entity1 underwent 15 robotic liver resections. Two @entity1 were resected to excise primary @entity96 and eight underwent resections of liver metastases. R0 resections were achieved for all lesions. The median operative time was 247 min, and @entity190 was limited. No mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Our present analysis confirmed the reliability of fully robotic liver resection guided via robotically integrated ultrasonic assessment. Robotic surgery, particularly hepatic resection, may benefit greatly from better manageability, and the fact that the surgeon can directly manage both the operative and the diagnostic parts of the procedure.

title: Robot-integrated intraoperative ultrasound: Initial experience with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'hepatic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular cancers']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of @entity14 in @entity233 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicenter, prospective, and cross-sectional registry study, data for 968 @entity1 with @entity14 from 21 centers in 7 geographic regions were analyzed. RESULTS: Diagnosis was @entity694 in 662 (68.4%) and @entity188 in 306 (31.6%) @entity1 . In total, 60.9% of @entity1 was male; mean age was 58.9  12.6 years. Among @entity1 , 15.0% was drinking @entity167 , 17.5% was smoking, 1.5% had familial history of @entity1412 , 15.0% had @entity6 , 1.0% had @entity29 . Fruit and vegetable consumption was low (<3 times/week) in 35.5% and red meat consumption was high (>= 3 times/week) in 47.4% of the @entity1 . Median time-to diagnosis was 3.0 months and 4.0 months for @entity1 with @entity694 , respectively. Mean body mass index was >25 in all group of @entity1 . Distal rectum (61.3%) and sigmoid colon (36.8%) were the most common locations of @entity5 , for rectum and colon respectively. In total, 85.6% of @entity1 were operated; 25.8% had emergency surgery. Low anterior resection rate was 64.2% in @entity188 . In majority (89.8%) of the @entity1 with @entity188 who received preoperative treatment, conventional chemo-radiotherapy regimen was given. pTNM staging at diagnosis showed that stage III and IV @entity1 were in majority (35.9% and 29.7%, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity694 is more frequent than @entity188 in @entity233 . @entity14 @entity1 are diagnosed at later stages. Most of the cases were operated. Interregional differences for risk factors are worthwhile for evaluation in future trials.

title: Epidemiology of @entity14 in XXXX : A cross-sectional disease registry study (A Turkish Oncology Group trial).

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['rectum cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon and rectum cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of @entity14 in @entity233 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicenter, prospective, and cross-sectional registry study, data for 968 @entity1 with @entity14 from 21 centers in 7 geographic regions were analyzed. RESULTS: Diagnosis was @entity694 in 662 (68.4%) and @entity188 in 306 (31.6%) @entity1 . In total, 60.9% of @entity1 was male; mean age was 58.9  12.6 years. Among @entity1 , 15.0% was drinking @entity167 , 17.5% was smoking, 1.5% had familial history of @entity1412 , 15.0% had @entity6 , 1.0% had @entity29 . Fruit and vegetable consumption was low (<3 times/week) in 35.5% and red meat consumption was high (>= 3 times/week) in 47.4% of the @entity1 . Median time-to diagnosis was 3.0 months and 4.0 months for @entity1 with @entity694 , respectively. Mean body mass index was >25 in all group of @entity1 . Distal rectum (61.3%) and sigmoid colon (36.8%) were the most common locations of @entity5 , for rectum and colon respectively. In total, 85.6% of @entity1 were operated; 25.8% had emergency surgery. Low anterior resection rate was 64.2% in @entity188 . In majority (89.8%) of the @entity1 with @entity188 who received preoperative treatment, conventional chemo-radiotherapy regimen was given. pTNM staging at diagnosis showed that stage III and IV @entity1 were in majority (35.9% and 29.7%, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity694 is more frequent than @entity188 in @entity233 . @entity14 @entity1 are diagnosed at later stages. Most of the cases were operated. Interregional differences for risk factors are worthwhile for evaluation in future trials.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in @entity233 : A cross-sectional disease registry study (A Turkish Oncology Group trial).

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The sensitivity and specificity of current @entity45 detection methods for foods are largely determined by the effectiveness of the elution, separation and concentration methods used. The aim of these methods is to produce a final suspension with an adequate concentration of @entity45 for detection, and a low concentration of interfering food debris. In the present study, a microfluidic device, which makes use of inertial separation, was designed and fabricated for the separation of @entity45 . A cyclical pumping platform and protocol was developed to concentrate 10 ml suspensions down to less than 1 ml. Tests involving @entity461 cysts and 1.90  m microbeads in pure suspensions demonstrated the specificity of the microfluidic chip for cysts over smaller non-specific particles. As the suspension cycled through the chip, a large number of beads were removed (70%) and the majority of the cysts were concentrated (82%). Subsequently, the microfluidic inertial separation chip was integrated into a method for the detection of @entity461 cysts from lettuce samples. The method greatly reduced the concentration of background debris in the final suspensions (10-fold reduction) in comparison to a conventional method. The method also recovered an average of 68.4% of cysts from 25 @entity12681 samples, and had a limit of detection (LOD) of 38 cysts. While the recovery of cysts by inertial separation was slightly lower, and the LOD slightly higher, than the conventional method, the sample analysis time was greatly reduced as there were far fewer background food particles interfering with the detection of cysts by immunofluorescence microscopy.

title: Enhancing the detection of XXXX cysts in foods using inertial microfluidic separation.

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['G. duodenalis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['Giardia cyst', 'Giardia cysts']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Species) :: ['Giardia duodenalis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In several studies, exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) has been associated with @entity32 , with inconsistent results. We used repeated measurements to examine the association of long-term fine and ultrafine particle exposure with several blood markers of @entity32 and coagulation. METHODS: We used baseline (2000-2003) and follow-up (2006-2008) data from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a German population-based prospective cohort of 4814 @entity1 . A chemistry transport model was applied to model daily surface concentrations of PM air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5) and particle number on a grid of 1   km(2). Applying mixed regression models, we analysed associations of long-term (mean of 365   days prior to blood draw) particle exposure at each @entity1 's residence with the level of high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), @entity2002 , platelet and white cell count (WCC), adjusting for short-term PM exposure (moving averages of 1-7   days), personal characteristics, season, ambient temperature (1-5   days), @entity1787 and time trend. RESULTS: We analysed 6488 observations: 3275 @entity1 with baseline data and 3213 with follow-up data. An increase of 2.4     g/m(3) in long-term PM2.5 was associated with an adjusted increase of 5.4% (95% CI 0.6% to 10.5%) in hs-CRP and of 2.3% (95% CI 1.4% to 3.3%) in the platelet count. @entity2002 and WCC were not associated with long-term particle exposure. CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based cohort, we found associations of long-term exposure to PM with markers of @entity32 (hs-CRP) and coagulation (platelets). This finding supports the hypothesis that inflammatory processes might contribute to chronic effects of air pollution on @entity65 .

title: Long-term residential exposure to urban air pollution, and repeated measures of systemic blood markers of XXXX and coagulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2002 :: ('2244', 'Gene') :: ['Fibrinogen', 'fibrinogen']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether acute @entity2704 treatment outcome is different in @entity2795 compared with @entity5330 . METHODS: We examined pooled outcome data for sumatriptan treatment of @entity2704 with and without aura from the sumatriptan/naratriptan aggregate @entity1 database. We also examined similar outcome data for inhaled dihydroergotamine (DHE) from a single, large randomized controlled study. RESULTS: The pooled @entity158 -free rates 2 hours postdose for sumatriptan 100 mg were significantly higher in @entity1 treating attacks without aura (32%) compared with the group who treated attacks with aura (24%) (p < 0.001). The relative risk for @entity158 freedom 2 hours postdose for attacks without aura was 1.33 (95% confidence interval: 1.16-1.54). The number needed to treat for 2 hours of @entity158 freedom was 4.4 for attacks without aura and 6.2 for attacks with aura. For the clinical trial of DHE, the 2-hour @entity158 -free rates did not differ between @entity1 treating attacks without aura (29.4%) compared with those who treated attacks with aura (27.2%; p = 0.65). The relative risk for @entity158 freedom 2 hours postdose for attacks without aura vs with aura was 1.08 (95% confidence interval: 0.77-1.53). The number needed to treat for 2 hours @entity158 free was 5.8 for attacks without aura and 5.0 for attacks with aura. CONCLUSION: This post hoc analysis of pooled data from multiple randomized trials indicates that sumatriptan is less effective as acute therapy for @entity2704 attacks with aura compared with attacks without aura. In the single study of inhaled DHE, the treatment had similar efficacy for @entity2704 attacks with and without aura. Different responses of @entity2704 with vs without aura to acute therapies may provide insight into underlying @entity2704 mechanisms and influence the choice of acute therapies for different types of @entity2704 attacks.

title: Reduced efficacy of sumatriptan in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with aura']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5330 :: ('MESH:D020326', 'Disease') :: ['migraine without aura']

answer: @entity5330 :: (MESH:D020326,Disease) :: ['migraine with aura vs without aura']


abstract: In this study scanning immuno-electron microscopic (SIEM) techniques were used to identify @entity1 @entity6494 cells. Monodispersed @entity852 (latex) beads were conjugated to specific antisera using @entity3584 , in an attempt to detect surface antigenic components on a variety of cells of known origin. Antisera, mostly immunoglobulin fractions, against @entity1 thymus (T) derived cells, common type @entity981 cells (C/ALL) and surface immunoglobulin (sIg) bearing cells were used to coat latex spheres, while rabbit anti-mouse @entity5399 antiserum or whole human-IgG (gamma-globulin) bound to latex were used as controls in some experiments. The use of SIEM techniques in the direct mode as a simple and sensitive method for labelling surface antigens is described. The disadvantages of the SIEM methodology are also summarized while the requirements for optimal cell preparation using this technique are stressed. The experiments were designed to ascertain whether prolonged fixation of cells could be used prior to incubation of the cells with the marker. In this respect, repeated neutralization of the @entity3584 with @entity2228 is essential. SIEM labelling of cells is random and unreliable without adequate quenching with @entity2228 . The heteroantisera used in this study proved to be adequate and insignificant non-specific attachment and cross reactivity were seen. SIEM adds a further dimension to ultrastructural aspects of immunology and is a potentially useful tool in the study and identification of @entity1778 and @entity706 cells.

title: Scanning immuno-electron microscopy of @entity1 XXXX and @entity706 cells: a comparative study of techniques using immunolatex spheres as marker.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia-lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: In this study scanning immuno-electron microscopic (SIEM) techniques were used to identify @entity1 @entity6494 cells. Monodispersed @entity852 (latex) beads were conjugated to specific antisera using @entity3584 , in an attempt to detect surface antigenic components on a variety of cells of known origin. Antisera, mostly immunoglobulin fractions, against @entity1 thymus (T) derived cells, common type @entity981 cells (C/ALL) and surface immunoglobulin (sIg) bearing cells were used to coat latex spheres, while rabbit anti-mouse @entity5399 antiserum or whole human-IgG (gamma-globulin) bound to latex were used as controls in some experiments. The use of SIEM techniques in the direct mode as a simple and sensitive method for labelling surface antigens is described. The disadvantages of the SIEM methodology are also summarized while the requirements for optimal cell preparation using this technique are stressed. The experiments were designed to ascertain whether prolonged fixation of cells could be used prior to incubation of the cells with the marker. In this respect, repeated neutralization of the @entity3584 with @entity2228 is essential. SIEM labelling of cells is random and unreliable without adequate quenching with @entity2228 . The heteroantisera used in this study proved to be adequate and insignificant non-specific attachment and cross reactivity were seen. SIEM adds a further dimension to ultrastructural aspects of immunology and is a potentially useful tool in the study and identification of @entity1778 and @entity706 cells.

title: Scanning immuno-electron microscopy of @entity1 @entity1778 and XXXX cells: a comparative study of techniques using immunolatex spheres as marker.

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: In this study scanning immuno-electron microscopic (SIEM) techniques were used to identify @entity1 @entity6494 cells. Monodispersed @entity852 (latex) beads were conjugated to specific antisera using @entity3584 , in an attempt to detect surface antigenic components on a variety of cells of known origin. Antisera, mostly immunoglobulin fractions, against @entity1 thymus (T) derived cells, common type @entity981 cells (C/ALL) and surface immunoglobulin (sIg) bearing cells were used to coat latex spheres, while rabbit anti-mouse @entity5399 antiserum or whole human-IgG (gamma-globulin) bound to latex were used as controls in some experiments. The use of SIEM techniques in the direct mode as a simple and sensitive method for labelling surface antigens is described. The disadvantages of the SIEM methodology are also summarized while the requirements for optimal cell preparation using this technique are stressed. The experiments were designed to ascertain whether prolonged fixation of cells could be used prior to incubation of the cells with the marker. In this respect, repeated neutralization of the @entity3584 with @entity2228 is essential. SIEM labelling of cells is random and unreliable without adequate quenching with @entity2228 . The heteroantisera used in this study proved to be adequate and insignificant non-specific attachment and cross reactivity were seen. SIEM adds a further dimension to ultrastructural aspects of immunology and is a potentially useful tool in the study and identification of @entity1778 and @entity706 cells.

title: Scanning immuno-electron microscopy of XXXX @entity1778 and @entity706 cells: a comparative study of techniques using immunolatex spheres as marker.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Medication-related @entity2530 of the jaw (MRONJ) is a growing problem within the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. It is defined as the presence of exposed @entity604 that does not resolve over a period of 8 weeks in a @entity1 taking @entity171 , who has not had radiotherapy to the jaw [1]. Since the first report in 2003 that highlighted the potential harm caused by MRONJ, many more @entity1 have been diagnosed with the condition [2]. The growth in recent years is likely due to the more potent drugs delivered intravenously however there is some evidence that oral @entity171 given over longer periods of time can have similar effects. Bone exposure may occur spontaneously or most commonly occurs following an invasive dental procedure, as shown in the case below [3]. PRESENTATION OF CASE: This case report demonstrates the unpredictable nature of symptoms associated with medication related @entity2530 and its management within the hospital environment. DISCUSSION: This case demonstrastes the unpredictable nature of MRONJ and how the disease can progress to cause significant morbidity. In this case extensive surgery was required to remove the @entity39 fragments of bone with no guarnatee that the @entity39 will stop spreading. CONCLUSION: It seems a matter of great importance that the lasting effects of MRONJ are known to general dental and medical practitioners alike. Nationally recognised evidence based guidelines are lacking and uniformity in the management of MRONJ is required amongst the speciality.

title: Pathological fracture of the coronoid process secondary to medication-related XXXX of the jaw (MRONJ).

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic alveolar bone']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the core muscle release technique on correction of @entity1643 . [Subjects] Ninety @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1643 participated in this study. [Methods] The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to method of treatment. The first group was treated with the core muscle release technique (CRT), the second group was treated with general exercise, and the third group was treated with electrotherapy. The core muscle release technique group received 50-minute of the core muscle release technique 5 times a week for 2 weeks, and the @entity1 in this group were instructed not to receive any other treatments. After the 2 weeks of treatment, the @entity1 were reexamined. The general exercise group performed Williams flexion exercises and McKenzie extension exercises 5 times a week for 2 weeks. The electrotherapy group was treated by application of electrotherapy with an interferential current therapy machine (TM-301. TOPMED. Seongnam, Republic of Korea) to the abdominal muscles and back muscles of the lumbar region. [Results] The data suggest that the core muscle release technique, general exercise, and electrotherapy all helped to decrease the alignment angle and VAS score. Of these treatment methods, however, the core muscle release technique was the most effective for treatment of lumbar spine deformation and @entity1643 . [Conclusion] The core muscle release technique was most effective for correction of lumbar spine deformation and @entity158 alleviation.

title: The effects of core muscle release technique on lumbar spine deformation and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar deformation and low back pain', 'lumbar deformation and alleviation of low back pain', 'low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To analyze airway dimensions throughout the bronchial tree in severe @entity748 @entity1 using multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) focusing on airway narrowing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with severe @entity565 underwent automated (BronCare software) analysis of their right lung bronchi, with counts of airways >3 mm long arising from the main bronchi (airway count) and bronchial dimension quantification at segmental and subsegmental levels (lumen area [LA], wall area [WA], and WA%). Focal @entity850 was defined as >50% narrowing of maximal LA on contiguous cross-sectional slices. Severe @entity748 were compared to 13 nonsevere @entity748 @entity1 and nonasthmatic (pooled) subjects (Wilcoxon rank tests, then stepwise logistic regression). Finally, cluster analysis of severe @entity748 @entity1 and stepwise logistic regression identified specific imaging subgroups. RESULTS: The most significant differences between severe @entity748 @entity1 and the pooled subjects were @entity850 (subsegmental and all bronchi: P  <  .002) and WA% (P  <  .0003). Stepwise logistic regression retained WA% as the only explanatory covariable (P  =  .002). Two identified clusters of severe @entity748 @entity1 differed for parameters characterizing airway narrowing (airway count: P  =  .0002; focal @entity850 : P  =  .009). Airway count was as discriminant as forced expiratory volume in 1  second/forced vital capacity (P  =  .01) to identify @entity1 in each cluster, with both variables being correlated (r  =  0.59, P  =  .005). CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity565 -associated morphologic changes were characterized by focal bronchial stenoses and diffuse airway narrowing; the latter was associated with airflow obstruction. WA%, dependent on airway caliber, is the best parameter to identify severe @entity748 @entity1 from pooled subjects.

title: Computed Tomography Assessment of Airways Throughout Bronchial Tree Demonstrates Airway Narrowing in Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stenosis']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) @entity1 are underrepresented in major trials for this disease. We aimed to explore the outcome of @entity463 @entity1 treated with concurrent and adjuvant @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 23 @entity1 of @entity463 treated from 2004 to 2010 were included in this retrospective analysis. Adjuvant therapy included conformal radiation 60 gray at 2 gray/fraction daily over 6 weeks with concurrent @entity2904 75 mg/m(2) followed by six cycles of adjuvant @entity2904 150-200 mg/m(2) (day 1-5) every 4 weeks. Kaplan-Meier estimates of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were determined. Univariate analysis with log-rank test was used to determine the impact of prognostic variables on survival. RESULTS: Median age at presentation was 11.5 years (range: 7-19 years) and M:F ratio was 15:8. All @entity1 underwent maximal safe surgical resection; 13 gross total resection and 10 sub-total resection. At a median follow-up of 18 months (range: 2.1-126 months), the estimated median @entity1349 was 41.9 months. The estimated median @entity1349 for @entity1 receiving only concurrent @entity2904 was 8 months while that for @entity1 receiving concurrent and adjuvant @entity2904 was 41.9 months (P = 0.081). Estimated median @entity1349 for @entity1 who did not complete six cycles of adjuvant @entity2904 was 9.5 months versus not reached for those who completed at least six cycles (P = 0.0005). Other prognostic factors did not correlate with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the benefit of @entity2904 for @entity463 @entity1 . Both concurrent and adjuvant @entity2904 seem to be important for superior @entity1349 in this group of @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of XXXX treated with adjuvant chemoradiation with @entity2903 and correlation with prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric glioblastoma', 'pGBM']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['pediatric glioblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) @entity1 are underrepresented in major trials for this disease. We aimed to explore the outcome of @entity463 @entity1 treated with concurrent and adjuvant @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 23 @entity1 of @entity463 treated from 2004 to 2010 were included in this retrospective analysis. Adjuvant therapy included conformal radiation 60 gray at 2 gray/fraction daily over 6 weeks with concurrent @entity2904 75 mg/m(2) followed by six cycles of adjuvant @entity2904 150-200 mg/m(2) (day 1-5) every 4 weeks. Kaplan-Meier estimates of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were determined. Univariate analysis with log-rank test was used to determine the impact of prognostic variables on survival. RESULTS: Median age at presentation was 11.5 years (range: 7-19 years) and M:F ratio was 15:8. All @entity1 underwent maximal safe surgical resection; 13 gross total resection and 10 sub-total resection. At a median follow-up of 18 months (range: 2.1-126 months), the estimated median @entity1349 was 41.9 months. The estimated median @entity1349 for @entity1 receiving only concurrent @entity2904 was 8 months while that for @entity1 receiving concurrent and adjuvant @entity2904 was 41.9 months (P = 0.081). Estimated median @entity1349 for @entity1 who did not complete six cycles of adjuvant @entity2904 was 9.5 months versus not reached for those who completed at least six cycles (P = 0.0005). Other prognostic factors did not correlate with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the benefit of @entity2904 for @entity463 @entity1 . Both concurrent and adjuvant @entity2904 seem to be important for superior @entity1349 in this group of @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of @entity463 treated with adjuvant chemoradiation with XXXX and correlation with prognostic factors.

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: One of the gravest dangers facing @entity5 @entity1 is an extended symptom-free lull between @entity5 initiation and the first diagnosis. Detection of @entity5 is critical for effective intervention. Using the body's immune system to detect and amplify @entity5 -specific signals may enable detection of @entity5 using an inexpensive immunoassay. Immunosignatures are one such assay: they provide a map of antibody interactions with random-sequence peptides. They enable detection of disease-specific patterns using classic train/test methods. However, to date, very little effort has gone into extracting information from the sequence of peptides that interact with disease-specific antibodies. Because it is difficult to represent all possible antigen peptides in a microarray format, we chose to synthesize only 330,000 peptides on a single immunosignature microarray. The 330,000 random-sequence peptides on the microarray represent 83% of all tetramers and 27% of all pentamers, creating an unbiased but substantial gap in the coverage of total sequence space. We therefore chose to examine many relatively short motifs from these random-sequence peptides. Time-variant analysis of recurrent subsequences provided a means to dissect @entity3689 sequences from the peptides while simultaneously retaining the antibody-peptide binding intensities. We first used a simple experiment in which monoclonal antibodies with known linear epitopes were exposed to these random-sequence peptides, and their binding intensities were used to create our algorithm. We then demonstrated the performance of the proposed algorithm by examining immunosignatures from @entity1 with @entity463 multiformae (GBM), an aggressive form of @entity1313 . Eight different frameshift targets were identified from the random-sequence peptides using this technique. If immune-reactive antigens can be identified using a relatively simple immune assay, it might enable a diagnostic test with sufficient sensitivity to detect @entity5 in a clinically useful way.

title: Time-Frequency Analysis of Peptide Microarray Data: Application to XXXX Immunosignatures.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mast cells play a central role in @entity56 and inflammatory disorders by inducing degranulation and inflammatory mediator release. Recent reports have shown that miRNAs play an important role in inflammatory response regulation. Therefore, the role of @entity10019 in mast cells was investigated. METHODS: The expression of @entity10019 was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cells. After successful @entity10019 inhibition by transfection, degranulation was detected in IgE-mediated mast cells. The phosphorylation of @entity4284 and @entity584 were examined using western blotting. NF-kB was tested using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. @entity10412 -inhibitor ( @entity2306 ) was used to investigate whether the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway was essential for mast cell activation. The TargetScan database and a luciferase reporter system were used to identify whether @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ) is a direct target of @entity10019 . RESULTS: @entity10019 expression was up-regulated in IgE-mediated mast cells, whereas its down-regulation promoted mast cell degranulation. Levels of @entity4284 and @entity584 phosphorylation as well as NF-kB were increased in @entity10019 inhibitor cells. @entity2306 could block the @entity10412 / @entity584 signaling pathway and rescue the promotion caused by suppressing @entity10019 in mast cells. @entity2856 was identified as a direct target of @entity10019 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that down-regulation of @entity10019 promotes degranulation via the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway by targeting @entity2856 in mast cells.

title: Down-regulation of microRNA-223 promotes degranulation via the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway by targeting XXXX in mast cells.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity2856 :: ('3480', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1R', 'insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor']

answer: @entity2856 :: (3480,Gene) :: ['IGF-1R']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mast cells play a central role in @entity56 and inflammatory disorders by inducing degranulation and inflammatory mediator release. Recent reports have shown that miRNAs play an important role in inflammatory response regulation. Therefore, the role of @entity10019 in mast cells was investigated. METHODS: The expression of @entity10019 was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cells. After successful @entity10019 inhibition by transfection, degranulation was detected in IgE-mediated mast cells. The phosphorylation of @entity4284 and @entity584 were examined using western blotting. NF-kB was tested using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. @entity10412 -inhibitor ( @entity2306 ) was used to investigate whether the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway was essential for mast cell activation. The TargetScan database and a luciferase reporter system were used to identify whether @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ) is a direct target of @entity10019 . RESULTS: @entity10019 expression was up-regulated in IgE-mediated mast cells, whereas its down-regulation promoted mast cell degranulation. Levels of @entity4284 and @entity584 phosphorylation as well as NF-kB were increased in @entity10019 inhibitor cells. @entity2306 could block the @entity10412 / @entity584 signaling pathway and rescue the promotion caused by suppressing @entity10019 in mast cells. @entity2856 was identified as a direct target of @entity10019 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that down-regulation of @entity10019 promotes degranulation via the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway by targeting @entity2856 in mast cells.

title: Down-regulation of microRNA-223 promotes degranulation via the XXXX / @entity584 pathway by targeting @entity2856 in mast cells.

answer: @entity10412 :: (5293,Gene) :: ['PI3K']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mast cells play a central role in @entity56 and inflammatory disorders by inducing degranulation and inflammatory mediator release. Recent reports have shown that miRNAs play an important role in inflammatory response regulation. Therefore, the role of @entity10019 in mast cells was investigated. METHODS: The expression of @entity10019 was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cells. After successful @entity10019 inhibition by transfection, degranulation was detected in IgE-mediated mast cells. The phosphorylation of @entity4284 and @entity584 were examined using western blotting. NF-kB was tested using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. @entity10412 -inhibitor ( @entity2306 ) was used to investigate whether the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway was essential for mast cell activation. The TargetScan database and a luciferase reporter system were used to identify whether @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ) is a direct target of @entity10019 . RESULTS: @entity10019 expression was up-regulated in IgE-mediated mast cells, whereas its down-regulation promoted mast cell degranulation. Levels of @entity4284 and @entity584 phosphorylation as well as NF-kB were increased in @entity10019 inhibitor cells. @entity2306 could block the @entity10412 / @entity584 signaling pathway and rescue the promotion caused by suppressing @entity10019 in mast cells. @entity2856 was identified as a direct target of @entity10019 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that down-regulation of @entity10019 promotes degranulation via the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway by targeting @entity2856 in mast cells.

title: Down-regulation of microRNA-223 promotes degranulation via the @entity10412 / XXXX pathway by targeting @entity2856 in mast cells.

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: Loss of function of the positive stomata development regulators @entity71824 or MUTE in @entity958 renders stomataless plants; @entity71824 -3 and mute-3 mutants are extreme dwarfs, but produce cotyledons and tiny leaves, providing a system to interrogate plant life in the absence of stomata. To this end, we compared their cotyledon transcriptomes with that of wild-type plants. K-means clustering of differentially expressed genes generated four clusters: clusters 1 and 2 grouped genes commonly regulated in the mutants, while clusters 3 and 4 contained genes distinctively regulated in mute-3. Classification in functional categories and metabolic pathways of genes in clusters 1 and 2 suggested that both mutants had @entity308 secondary, @entity1568 and @entity599 metabolisms, while only a few photosynthesis-related genes were down-regulated. In situ quenching analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence revealed limited inhibition of photosynthesis. This and other fluorescence measurements matched the mutant transcriptomic features. Differential transcriptomes of both mutants were enriched in growth-related genes, including known stomata development regulators, which paralleled their epidermal phenotypes. Analysis of cluster 3 was not informative for developmental aspects of mute-3. Cluster 4 comprised genes differentially up-regulated in mute-3, 35% of which were direct targets for @entity71824 and may relate to the unique cell types of mute-3. A screen of T-DNA insertion lines in genes differentially expressed in the mutants identified a gene putatively involved in stomata development. A collection of lines for conditional overexpression of transcription factors differentially expressed in the mutants rendered distinct epidermal phenotypes, suggesting that these proteins may be novel stomatal development regulators. Thus, our transcriptome analysis represents a useful source of new genes for the study of stomata development and for characterizing physiology and growth in the absence of stomata.

title: Transcriptional profiles of XXXX stomataless mutants reveal developmental and physiological features of life in the absence of stomata.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The outcomes of locoregionally advanced @entity189 @entity1 treated with concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with/without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-three @entity1 who underwent NCT followed by CCRT (49%) or CCRT with/without adjuvant chemotherapy (51%) were reviewed. To the gross @entity5 , 67.5 Gy was prescribed. Weekly @entity900 was used as concurrent chemotherapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 49.4 months, the 5-year local control, regional control, distant @entity3 -free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival rates were 94.7%, 89.3%, 77.8%, 68.0%, and 81.8%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the American Joint Committee on @entity5 stage (p = 0.016) and N stage (p = 0.001) were negative factors for DMFS and DFS, respectively. Overall, NCT demonstrated no benefit and an increased risk of severe @entity1503 . However, compared to @entity1 treated with CCRT alone, NCT showed potential of improving DMFS in stage IV @entity1 . CONCLUSION: CCRT using IMRT resulted in excellent local control and survival outcome. Without evidence of survival benefit from phase III randomized trials, NCT should be carefully administered in locoregionally advanced @entity189 @entity1 who are at high-risk of developing distant @entity3 and radiotherapy-related @entity33 . The results of ongoing trials are awaited.

title: Locoregionally advanced @entity189 treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus concurrent weekly XXXX with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The outcomes of locoregionally advanced @entity189 @entity1 treated with concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with/without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-three @entity1 who underwent NCT followed by CCRT (49%) or CCRT with/without adjuvant chemotherapy (51%) were reviewed. To the gross @entity5 , 67.5 Gy was prescribed. Weekly @entity900 was used as concurrent chemotherapy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 49.4 months, the 5-year local control, regional control, distant @entity3 -free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival rates were 94.7%, 89.3%, 77.8%, 68.0%, and 81.8%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the American Joint Committee on @entity5 stage (p = 0.016) and N stage (p = 0.001) were negative factors for DMFS and DFS, respectively. Overall, NCT demonstrated no benefit and an increased risk of severe @entity1503 . However, compared to @entity1 treated with CCRT alone, NCT showed potential of improving DMFS in stage IV @entity1 . CONCLUSION: CCRT using IMRT resulted in excellent local control and survival outcome. Without evidence of survival benefit from phase III randomized trials, NCT should be carefully administered in locoregionally advanced @entity189 @entity1 who are at high-risk of developing distant @entity3 and radiotherapy-related @entity33 . The results of ongoing trials are awaited.

title: Locoregionally advanced XXXX treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus concurrent weekly @entity900 with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']