abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intra-arterial thrombolysis can be used for treatment of basilar @entity432 . Predictors of outcome before initiation of treatment are of special interest. METHODS: From 1992 to 2010, we treated 106 consecutive @entity1 with basilar @entity432 with intra-arterial thrombolysis. Baseline characteristics, treatment, clinical course, and 3-month and long-term outcomes (>= 12 months) were assessed. Outcome parameters were vessel recanalization after treatment, complications, modified @entity2653 (mRS) score, and mortality after 3 months and in the long-term. RESULTS: At 3 months, clinical outcome was good (mRS score, 0-2) in 33.0% of the @entity1 and moderate (mRS score, 3) in 11.3%. Mortality was 40.6%. Partial or complete recanalization was achieved in 69.8% of the @entity1 , and symptomatic @entity932 occurred in 1 @entity1 (0.9%). Between 3-month and long-term follow-up, 22 survivors (40.8%) showed clinical improvement of at least 1 point on the mRS score, 29 (53.7%) were functionally unchanged, and 3 (5.7%) showed functional worsening (P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis identified @entity6 as a predictor of poor vessel recanalization (P=0.028). Low baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was identified as a predictor of good or moderate clinical outcome (P<0.0001) and survival (P=0.001) at 3 months, and younger age was identified as an additional predictor of survival (P=0.012). For prediction of long-term clinical outcome, age was also an independent predictor (P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: In our series, intra-arterial thrombolysis as treatment of basilar @entity432 was safe. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission and age were identified as predictors of outcome, and these predictors should be considered for treatment allocation in future randomized trials.

title: Three-month and long-term outcomes and their predictors in XXXX treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Rankin scale']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['acute basilar artery occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationship between the lumbosacral morphology and degree of @entity1797 in a large sample of young @entity1 . In addition, the relation between various morphological parameters (sacral table angle and @entity1513 ) and lumbar disc herniation or degeneration was also evaluated. METHODS: The @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) of low back @entity158 @entity1 referred to our department in 2008-2009 were retrospectively evaluated. @entity1 with prior lumbar spinal surgery, serious @entity154 on @entity2996 , @entity10145 , severe @entity1635 , spondylolysis, or spondylolisthesis were excluded from the study. A sample of 131 females between 20-30 years of age was studied. @entity1 were evaluated for the presence of @entity1797 , and the degree of degeneration was assessed. Angles of @entity1515 , sacral table, and @entity1513 were also measured for each @entity1 . RESULTS: The degree of @entity1797 increased in parallel to the decrease in the @entity1513 and @entity1515 angles, and to the increase in sacral table angle. A statistically significant difference with regard to the angles of @entity1515 , @entity1513 , and sacral table was determined between individuals with (23.37  7.09  , 163.09  9.48  , 104.34  5.47  , respectively) and without @entity1797 (26.94  7.39  , 168.94  10.52  , 100.83  4.32  ; p=0.006, p=0.001, p=0.0001, respectively). In addition, a statistically significant difference with regard to the angles of @entity1515 , @entity1513 , and sacral table was determined between individuals with (22.82  6.94  , 162.23  9.53  , 104.94  5.19  , respectively) and without @entity890 (27.25  7.26  , 169.39  9.96  , 100.48  4.33  ; p=0.001, p=0.0001, p=0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The degree and risk of @entity1797 increases in parallel to the @entity1513 and @entity1515 , and to the increase in sacral surface angle.

title: The relation between sagittal morphology of the lumbosacral spine and the degree of lumbar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc herniation']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc herniation or degeneration', 'intervertebral disc degeneration', 'intervertebral disc degeneration and herniation']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['sacral kyphosis', 'decrease in sacral kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete or complete lumbosacral trancision']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The wrapped warm footbath (WW-footbath) was originally designed as a means to promote relaxation, positive emotion, comfort, pleasure, and enjoyment in hospitalized @entity1 with incurable @entity5 during palliative care. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the physiological and psychological effects of the WW-footbath as complementary nursing intervention to induce relaxation in hospitalized @entity1 with incurable @entity5 . METHODS: Eighteen subjects were divided into a footbath group (n=9) and a control group (n=9). Heart rate variability analysis (per second) with wavelet transformation was used for evaluation of autonomic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic activities. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A and salivary @entity701 levels were used as neuroimmunological parameters. @entity158 and psychological conditions were measured using a visual analog scale and Face Scale (FS). RESULTS: The high-frequency component of heart rate variability was not significantly increased in either group. However, the low-frequency component versus high-frequency ratio was significantly decreased in the footbath group at periods after footbath (P=.017, P=.000, P=.000, P=.003). In the footbath group, the salivary secretory immunoglobulin A level was significantly increased (P=.019), and the @entity701 level tended to be reduced. Changes in visual analog scale and FS scores showed that the footbath group experienced significant @entity158 relief and relaxation ( @entity158 , P=.047; relaxation, P=.042; comfortability, P=.008; FS, P=.013). CONCLUSIONS: The WW-footbath significantly decreased sympathetic activity in hospitalized @entity1 with incurable @entity5 and may have secondary benefit for @entity158 relief. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The WW-footbath can promote relaxation in hospitalized @entity1 with incurable @entity5 . Moreover, the WW-footbath appears to afford @entity158 relief associated with enhanced overall comfort.

title: Physiological and psychological evaluation of the wrapped warm footbath as a complementary nursing therapy to induce relaxation in hospitalized @entity1 with incurable XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'stomach cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The wrapped warm footbath (WW-footbath) was originally designed as a means to promote relaxation, positive emotion, comfort, pleasure, and enjoyment in hospitalized @entity1 with incurable @entity5 during palliative care. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the physiological and psychological effects of the WW-footbath as complementary nursing intervention to induce relaxation in hospitalized @entity1 with incurable @entity5 . METHODS: Eighteen subjects were divided into a footbath group (n=9) and a control group (n=9). Heart rate variability analysis (per second) with wavelet transformation was used for evaluation of autonomic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic activities. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A and salivary @entity701 levels were used as neuroimmunological parameters. @entity158 and psychological conditions were measured using a visual analog scale and Face Scale (FS). RESULTS: The high-frequency component of heart rate variability was not significantly increased in either group. However, the low-frequency component versus high-frequency ratio was significantly decreased in the footbath group at periods after footbath (P=.017, P=.000, P=.000, P=.003). In the footbath group, the salivary secretory immunoglobulin A level was significantly increased (P=.019), and the @entity701 level tended to be reduced. Changes in visual analog scale and FS scores showed that the footbath group experienced significant @entity158 relief and relaxation ( @entity158 , P=.047; relaxation, P=.042; comfortability, P=.008; FS, P=.013). CONCLUSIONS: The WW-footbath significantly decreased sympathetic activity in hospitalized @entity1 with incurable @entity5 and may have secondary benefit for @entity158 relief. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The WW-footbath can promote relaxation in hospitalized @entity1 with incurable @entity5 . Moreover, the WW-footbath appears to afford @entity158 relief associated with enhanced overall comfort.

title: Physiological and psychological evaluation of the wrapped warm footbath as a complementary nursing therapy to induce relaxation in hospitalized XXXX with incurable @entity5 : a pilot study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Marginalized @entity1 are often absent from population surveys of substance use and from research based on care data. Special methods are needed to reach these small but very significant groups. This study analyses how patterns of intoxicant use have changed over time among one of the most marginalized group of @entity1 , the prisoners. METHODS: Nationally representative samples of Finnish prisoners were examined: 903 prisoners in 1985, 325 prisoners in 1992, and 410 prisoners in 2006. Comprehensive field studies consisting of interviews and a clinical medical examination were used. RESULTS: In 1985, a diagnosis for @entity988 was given to 41% of the @entity1 and 36% of the @entity1 prisoners. An increase over time was observed, and in 2006, 52% of @entity1 and 51% of @entity1 prisoners were @entity167 dependent. @entity734 on a drug was diagnosed in 6% of @entity1 and 3% of @entity1 in 1985; this prevalence had increased to 58% of @entity1 and 60% of @entity1 in 2006. CONCLUSIONS: A dramatic change in prevalence of illegal drug use and @entity734 among prisoners has taken place in the past 20  years. Recognizing this shift from @entity167 to other intoxicants is important since drugs are illegal substances and thus tend to lead to involvement with the judicial sector, thus stigmatizing and deepening the spiral of marginalization.

title: The changing picture of XXXX problems among Finnish prisoners.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Dependence', 'drug addiction']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance abuse']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with choreiform, athetoid, or @entity2358 , or with spasmodic torticollis, were treated with @entity1773 in doses of 25 to 200 mg daily for periods varying from two weeks to more than six months. Randomized @entity8046   film of the @entity1 ' @entity2358 , taken before, during, and after treatment was assessed individually by seven  blind' observers. Eight @entity1 were judged improved; two had @entity2033 , two @entity8684 , two @entity24987 , one hemiballismus, and one spasmodic torticollis. Four of the eight improved @entity1 have continued taking the drug for longer than six months. In a second study seven @entity1 with @entity2033 were treated for two weeks each with @entity1773 (50 mg t.d.s.) and with @entity7776 (100 mg t.d.s.) and the results assessed by the same method. The @entity4790 of six of these @entity1 were strikingly improved with @entity1773 therapy, but @entity7776 had no effect. @entity1773 is an effective agent for the suppression of choreiform and @entity2358 . It is only slightly effective in the treatment of @entity8684 and spasmodic torticollis. Drowsiness, @entity22 , and @entity308 were the most conspicuous unwanted effects, and these may limit the clinical usefulness of the drug.

title: Treatment of @entity2358 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity24987 :: ('MESH:D004422', 'Disease') :: ['dystonia musculorum deformans']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['ballistic involuntary movements', 'involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['choreiform movements']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's chorea"]

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity1773 :: ('MESH:D013747', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrabenazine', 'tetrabenazine']

entities_list: @entity8684 :: ('MESH:D001264', 'Disease') :: ['athetosis']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1773 :: (MESH:D013747,Chemical) :: ['tetrabenazine']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with choreiform, athetoid, or @entity2358 , or with spasmodic torticollis, were treated with @entity1773 in doses of 25 to 200 mg daily for periods varying from two weeks to more than six months. Randomized @entity8046   film of the @entity1 ' @entity2358 , taken before, during, and after treatment was assessed individually by seven  blind' observers. Eight @entity1 were judged improved; two had @entity2033 , two @entity8684 , two @entity24987 , one hemiballismus, and one spasmodic torticollis. Four of the eight improved @entity1 have continued taking the drug for longer than six months. In a second study seven @entity1 with @entity2033 were treated for two weeks each with @entity1773 (50 mg t.d.s.) and with @entity7776 (100 mg t.d.s.) and the results assessed by the same method. The @entity4790 of six of these @entity1 were strikingly improved with @entity1773 therapy, but @entity7776 had no effect. @entity1773 is an effective agent for the suppression of choreiform and @entity2358 . It is only slightly effective in the treatment of @entity8684 and spasmodic torticollis. Drowsiness, @entity22 , and @entity308 were the most conspicuous unwanted effects, and these may limit the clinical usefulness of the drug.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity1773 .

answer: @entity2358 :: (MESH:D020820,Disease) :: ['involuntary movement disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) at our teaching hospital to describe the @entity1 and angiographic characteristics. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all coronary angiograms performed at the catheterization laboratory of Karachi Institute of @entity299 , a tertiary care center, between the period of August 2006 and August 2008. A one year follow up was performed to look for primary and secondary endpoints. Data were collected from catheterization films, and medical records. RESULTS: Five thousand coronary angiograms were performed during the periof of the study. A total of 140 (2.8%) angiograms showed @entity301 of both mixed and pure types. Pure @entity4122 with no @entity301 was seen in 75 (1.5%). The @entity6128 ( @entity6128 ) was the most commonly affected vessel (63%) followed by the right coronary artery (RCA) 25% and 10% @entity1 had circumflex artery involvement. The primary composite endpoint showed 6 (4.2%) @entity1 with non-ST elevation MI, 5 (3.6%) with ST elevation @entity583 , 70 (50%) with @entity1459 and 2 (1.4%) deaths due to @entity4 . Secondary endpoints showed 50% of the @entity1 still complaining of @entity662 . CONCLUSION: Prevalence of @entity301 in the population presenting to KIHD during the study period was 1.5%. Majority of @entity1 were males, associated with dyslipidaemia, @entity101 and smoking. @entity453 was associated with obstructive @entity453 in about 80% of cases. @entity6128 was the most commonly affected vessel.

title: The prevalence and clinical profile of angiographic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['inferior wall myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary ectasia', 'coronary obstructive lesions', 'Coronary ectasia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior descending artery', 'LAD']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Diseases']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAE', 'Coronary Artery Ectasia', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary ectasia']


abstract: It has been shown that fulminant acute rejection of @entity35 cardiac allografts across a full haplotype disparity may occur as a direct result of adoptive transfer of sensitized @entity11264 helper/DTH syngeneic spleen cells to sublethally irradiated recipients. In order to establish the immunohistologic parameters of this form of rejection, allografts and recipient lymphoid tissue were analyzed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies of known cellular distribution. These data were compared with those obtained following reconstitution of irradiated allograft recipients with unseparated sensitized spleen cells, with unreconstituted irradiated donor recipient pairs, with unmodified first-set rejection, and with induced @entity583 of syngeneic heart grafts transplanted to normal and to sublethally irradiated recipients. Rejecting cardiac allografts transplanted to all reconstituted irradiated recipients were characterized by extensive infiltration with MRC OX8+ (T cytotoxic-suppressor, natural killer) cells even when this subset was virtually excluded from the reconstituting inocula. A similar proportional accumulation of MRC OX8+ cells observed at the @entity1188 margins of syngeneic heart grafts transplanted to irradiated unreconstituted recipients greatly exceeded that present in normal nonirradiated controls. These data provide evidence that under conditions of heavy recipient irradiation, MRC OX8+ cells may be sequestered within heart grafts in response to nonspecific injury unrelated to the rejection process. Although there was no significant degree of MRC OX8+ cellular repopulation within organized secondary lymphoid tissues of irradiated animals over the study period, the density of ileal mucosal MRC OX8+ lymphocytes approximated normal at 7 days post-irradiation, raising the possibility that these cells could share a common origin with those sequestered within the heart grafts. @entity505 + MRC OX6+ macrophages were a significant component of the infiltrate in all rejecting cardiac allografts, as well as in all infarcted syngeneic heart grafts--providing further evidence that macrophage "activation" with expression of class II determinants may occur in response to nonspecific injury. In unmodified first-set rejection there was an intense B cell reaction in recipient spleens and lymph nodes. In the adoptive transfer model, marked B cell expansion was exclusively confined to the parathymic lymph nodes of irradiated allograft recipients reconstituted with the sensitized @entity11264 helper/DTH donor cell inocula.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Comparative immunohistologic studies in an adoptive transfer model of acute XXXX cardiac allograft rejection.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In a retrospective study, @entity1 with 125 ocular arterial occlusions (71 @entity1 , 54 @entity1 ) observed between 1978 and 1981 were analyzed with regard to etiology, therapy, and course of disease. Particular attention was given to information obtained by means of Doppler sonography. Among our @entity1 the most common condition was occlusion of either the central retinal artery or its branches (62 cases), as opposed to 30 @entity1 with @entity1829 , 6 with chronic @entity63 (or @entity63 ), and 4 with less common types of occlusion. In the @entity1 collective as a whole, the causes in those over 50 years of age are predominantly hypertony, @entity4288 , and emboli, as well as other causes which cannot be determined with certainty. If occlusions of the central artery and its branches and @entity1939 fugax are considered alone, emboli are by far the most common cause. According to the findings with Doppler sonography, the most frequent source of emboli appears to be the bifurcation of the carotid artery. A chronic @entity63 (also known as @entity63 ) is always indicative of obstruction of the carotid artery. The situation is completely different in @entity1829 , which is, as a rule, either secondary to an affection of the smaller vessels, hypertonically @entity1294 , or caused by @entity32 , as is the case in temporal arteriitis. Doppler sonography is of paramount importance as a simple, non-invasive method for determining the pathogenesis of ocular @entity432 . It also provides pointers to further clarifications which could lead to bypass surgery being indicated. In those @entity1 in whom such examinations were possible, the findings were pathologic in all cases of chronic @entity63 (6 out of 6), in 84% of the cases of @entity1939 fugax, in 62.5% of the cases of occlusion of the central artery or its branches, but only in 23% of the cases of @entity1829 , which further distinguishes this later condition from the other forms of occlusion. Frequently suggested therapies, for example RheomacrodexR, failed to produce any convincing results in our @entity1 collective - not only those with central @entity715 but also those with @entity1829 . In a statistical comparison, no significant difference could be demonstrated between our treatment of @entity1829 without corticosteroids (as long as arteriitis temporalis was not involved) and that of Hayreh, who administered corticosteroid treatment not only for @entity1829 but also for @entity1294 conditions of the optic disk induced by @entity101 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX . Diagnostic contribution of Doppler sonography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ocular ischemia', 'ischemic ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['amaurosis']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['apoplexia papillae']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['arterial thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['Arterial occlusive diseases of the eye']


abstract: The usual treatment for @entity814 ( @entity814 ) is a @entity815 -restricted diet. Following this diet is challenging, and long-term adherence (and hence metabolic control) is commonly poor. @entity1 with @entity814 (usually, but not exclusively, with a relatively mild @entity74 ) who are responsive to treatment with pharmacological doses of @entity8083 (BH4) have either lower concentrations of blood @entity815 or improved dietary @entity815 tolerance. The availability of a registered formulation of @entity8084 ( @entity8083 , @entity8083  ) has raised many practical issues and new questions in the dietary management of these @entity1 . Initially, @entity1 and carers must understand clearly the likely benefits (and limitations) of @entity8083 therapy. A minority of @entity1 who respond to @entity8083 are able to discontinue the @entity815 -restricted diet completely, while others are able to relax the diet to some extent. Care is required when altering the @entity815 -restricted diet, as this may have unintended nutritional consequences and must be undertaken with caution. New clinical protocols are required for managing any dietary change while maintaining control of blood @entity815 , ensuring adequate nutrition and preventing @entity3147 , overweight or @entity28 . An accurate initial evaluation of pre- @entity8083 @entity815 tolerance is essential, and the desired outcome from treatment with @entity8083 (e.g. reduction in blood @entity815 or relaxation in diet) must also be understood by the @entity1 and carers from the outset. Continuing education and support will be required thereafter, with further adjustment of diet and @entity8083 dosage as a young @entity1 grows.

title: Adjusting diet with XXXX in @entity814 : what factors should be considered?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8083 :: ('MESH:C003402', 'Chemical') :: ['sapropterin dihydrochloride', 'sapropterin', 'tetrahydrobiopterin', 'Kuvan']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['PKU', 'phenylketonuria']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['form of the disorder']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity8083 :: (MESH:C003402,Chemical) :: ['sapropterin']


abstract: The usual treatment for @entity814 ( @entity814 ) is a @entity815 -restricted diet. Following this diet is challenging, and long-term adherence (and hence metabolic control) is commonly poor. @entity1 with @entity814 (usually, but not exclusively, with a relatively mild @entity74 ) who are responsive to treatment with pharmacological doses of @entity8083 (BH4) have either lower concentrations of blood @entity815 or improved dietary @entity815 tolerance. The availability of a registered formulation of @entity8084 ( @entity8083 , @entity8083  ) has raised many practical issues and new questions in the dietary management of these @entity1 . Initially, @entity1 and carers must understand clearly the likely benefits (and limitations) of @entity8083 therapy. A minority of @entity1 who respond to @entity8083 are able to discontinue the @entity815 -restricted diet completely, while others are able to relax the diet to some extent. Care is required when altering the @entity815 -restricted diet, as this may have unintended nutritional consequences and must be undertaken with caution. New clinical protocols are required for managing any dietary change while maintaining control of blood @entity815 , ensuring adequate nutrition and preventing @entity3147 , overweight or @entity28 . An accurate initial evaluation of pre- @entity8083 @entity815 tolerance is essential, and the desired outcome from treatment with @entity8083 (e.g. reduction in blood @entity815 or relaxation in diet) must also be understood by the @entity1 and carers from the outset. Continuing education and support will be required thereafter, with further adjustment of diet and @entity8083 dosage as a young @entity1 grows.

title: Adjusting diet with @entity8083 in XXXX : what factors should be considered?

answer: @entity814 :: (MESH:D010661,Disease) :: ['phenylketonuria']


abstract: Long-term treatment with @entity17132 in @entity1 with essential @entity101 has provided very interesting results. The administration of the drug caused an immediate significant @entity551 which was then maintained for as long as 30 months. The fall in blood pressure was initially associated with a significant decrease in body weight, a clear rise in plasma @entity916 activity (PRA) and a significant increase in plasma @entity1369 concentration; all these changes are consistent with a depletion of extracellular volume and blood volume. With time, however, the mentioned changes were reversed. Body weight, PRA and plasma @entity1369 were normalized after three weeks of treatment and remained normal thereafter. This late observation suggests a normalization in extracellular fluid volume and blood volume, and an antihypertensive effect of the drug independent from volume depletion. How can this effect occur? One possible explanation is a direct vasodilatory effect of @entity17132 which has been shown in experimental animals. Against such a possibility is the unsuccessful treatment of @entity101 in oliguric @entity1 on regular dialysis treatment. A second possibility is a decrease in @entity1372 content of the arteriolar wall with the consequent decrease in vascular response to pressor agents ( @entity2178 , @entity2661 ). A third possibility is a hemodynamic adjustment to the @entity1613 which would normalize cardiac output and peripheral resistances (autoregulation) so that normal blood pressure is maintained as in normal subjects.

title: Is the antihypertensive effect of XXXX due to volume depletion?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial volume depletion']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity17132 :: ('MESH:D009156', 'Chemical') :: ['muzolimine']

answer: @entity17132 :: (MESH:D009156,Chemical) :: ['muzolimine']


abstract: The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of rituximab plus @entity3726 (R- @entity3726 combined regimen) in @entity1 with previously untreated @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ). Electronic database were searched for randomized-controlled studies only comparing R- @entity3726 to @entity3726 standard alone in @entity1 with untreated @entity1892 were included. The risk ratios (RRs) with their 95% corresponding intervals (95% CI) were employed to estimate the efficacy of overall response (OR), complete response (CR), risk of dying and relapse rate in followed-up period. Total ten case-control studies containing 2941 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. The addition of R to standard @entity3726 were showed to increase the proportion of CR (RR=1.23, 95% CI=1.13-1.35, P<0.00001) and OR (RR=1.39, 95% CI=1.24-1.55, P<0.00001) in a fixed-effect model, indicating that rituximab combined with @entity3726 regimen is efficacy than @entity3726 alone. It did not increase the overall risk of dying as a consequence of infection (RR=0.79, 95% CI=0.55-1.13, P=0.20). Furthermore, the relapse rates is significantly lower in R- @entity3726 (RR=0.52, 95% CI=0.38-0.71, P<0.0001). The adverse effects were also not significant (P>0.05). In summary, R- @entity3726 regimen is superior to standard @entity3726 in terms of overall response and complete response. It does not increase the incidence of adverse effects. However, more studies concerning different age groups and special @entity1 are needed to discuss the potential role of R in @entity1892 .

title: Efficacy and safety of rituximab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of diffuse large XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'diffuse large B cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: The aim of this meta-analysis is to compare the perioperative morbidity and mortality outcomes of robotic-assisted thoracic surgery ( @entity35 ) with @entity1514 ( @entity1514 ) for @entity1 with @entity2 . We searched articles indexed in the Pubmed and Sciencedirect published as of July 2015 that met our predefined criteria. A meta-analysis was performed by combining the results of reported incidences of perioperative morbidity and mortality. The relative risk (RR) was used as a summary statistic. Five eligible articles with 2433 subjects were considered in the analysis (5 articles for morbidity, while 3 articles for mortality). Overall, pooled analysis indicated that perioperative morbidity and mortality rate was significantly lower among @entity1 who underwent @entity35 than @entity1 who underwent @entity1514 (for morbidity: RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.92; P<0.01; for mortality: RR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.59; P=0.007). No evidence of publication bias was observed. In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that @entity35 resulted in significantly lower perioperative morbidity and mortality rate compared with @entity1514 cases. Thus, we suggest @entity35 be an appropriate alternative to @entity1514 for @entity2 resection. @entity35 should be studied further in selected centers and compared with @entity1514 in a randomized fashion to better define its potential advantages and disadvantages.

title: Robot-assisted thoracic surgery versus open XXXX : a system review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['OTS', 'open thoracic surgery']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['thoracic surgery for lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Different perfusion metrics were investigated to determine the accuracy of Perfusion CT (PCT) in differentiating recurrence of brain metastases from @entity39 in @entity1 who previously underwent stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT). @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 previously treated with SRT underwent PCT examination of the brain. Normalized Cerebral Blood Volume (nCBV) values within the region of interest (ROI) were calculated. Fractional volumes at nCBV values between 1.0 and 2.25, defined as V(1.0)-V(2.25), were derived as alternative metrics and compared to the conventional method based on the mean CBV value within the lesion (nCBV(mean)). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two @entity1 's groups with recurrence and @entity39 with respect to the different nCBV metrics. Predictive powers and optimal thresholds for both the nCBV(mean) and the V(1.0)-V(2.25) were evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves. The gold standard was represented either by the histopathological examination or the Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging follow-up longer than six months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The differences between the @entity1 's group with recurrence and that with @entity39 resulted statistically significant for all the metrics, showing the lowest p-value for V(1.75) and V(2). The metrics based on the fractional volumes were found to show higher predictive powers, with the highest value of 0.96 for V(2.0). Quantitative analysis of the CBV map deriving different metrics may potentially improve the diagnostic accuracy of PCT in differentiating brain @entity3 recurrence from @entity39 .

title: Perfusion Computed Tomography (PCT) adopting different perfusion metrics: recurrence of brain XXXX or @entity39 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['radiation necrosis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Different perfusion metrics were investigated to determine the accuracy of Perfusion CT (PCT) in differentiating recurrence of brain metastases from @entity39 in @entity1 who previously underwent stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT). @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 previously treated with SRT underwent PCT examination of the brain. Normalized Cerebral Blood Volume (nCBV) values within the region of interest (ROI) were calculated. Fractional volumes at nCBV values between 1.0 and 2.25, defined as V(1.0)-V(2.25), were derived as alternative metrics and compared to the conventional method based on the mean CBV value within the lesion (nCBV(mean)). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two @entity1 's groups with recurrence and @entity39 with respect to the different nCBV metrics. Predictive powers and optimal thresholds for both the nCBV(mean) and the V(1.0)-V(2.25) were evaluated using the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves. The gold standard was represented either by the histopathological examination or the Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging follow-up longer than six months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The differences between the @entity1 's group with recurrence and that with @entity39 resulted statistically significant for all the metrics, showing the lowest p-value for V(1.75) and V(2). The metrics based on the fractional volumes were found to show higher predictive powers, with the highest value of 0.96 for V(2.0). Quantitative analysis of the CBV map deriving different metrics may potentially improve the diagnostic accuracy of PCT in differentiating brain @entity3 recurrence from @entity39 .

title: Perfusion Computed Tomography (PCT) adopting different perfusion metrics: recurrence of brain @entity3 or XXXX ?

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['radiation necrosis']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate and describe basic features of Pan_02 @entity19 pancreatic ade- nocarcinoma @entity5 model. Pan_02 has very low sensitivity to chemotherapeutics therefore it is very similar to @entity1 @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity19 were subcutaneously injected with different number of cells and @entity5 growth was measured. @entity5 were also investigated with ultrasonograph VEVO2100 in doppler mode to detect viable and function- al blood vessels. @entity5 samples were investigated to asses @entity39 and blood vessel permeability. RESULTS: We found substantial differences in @entity5 growth depending on a number of inoculated @entity5 cells. @entity19 injected with 0.5 * 106 cells gave the most consistent pattern of growth. All @entity5 showed substantial vascularisation but bigger @entity5 were more likely to develop larger blood vessels instead of a more dense network. CONCLUSIONS: @entity19 Pan_02 @entity5 model shares many features with @entity1 @entity5 and therefore it is a good model to study new drugs. Injection of 0.5 * 106 cells gives consistent results although it requires more time for the @entity5 to grow. It also allows the immune system to adapt. Owing ta good vascularisation, Pan_02 is a good model to study chemotherapy against @entity788 but it may not be the best model for immunotherapy since it does not respond to the immune stimulation (unpublished data).

title: Pan_02 @entity19 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['Murine', 'Mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'PDAC cancers', 'Collected tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate and describe basic features of Pan_02 @entity19 pancreatic ade- nocarcinoma @entity5 model. Pan_02 has very low sensitivity to chemotherapeutics therefore it is very similar to @entity1 @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity19 were subcutaneously injected with different number of cells and @entity5 growth was measured. @entity5 were also investigated with ultrasonograph VEVO2100 in doppler mode to detect viable and function- al blood vessels. @entity5 samples were investigated to asses @entity39 and blood vessel permeability. RESULTS: We found substantial differences in @entity5 growth depending on a number of inoculated @entity5 cells. @entity19 injected with 0.5 * 106 cells gave the most consistent pattern of growth. All @entity5 showed substantial vascularisation but bigger @entity5 were more likely to develop larger blood vessels instead of a more dense network. CONCLUSIONS: @entity19 Pan_02 @entity5 model shares many features with @entity1 @entity5 and therefore it is a good model to study new drugs. Injection of 0.5 * 106 cells gives consistent results although it requires more time for the @entity5 to grow. It also allows the immune system to adapt. Owing ta good vascularisation, Pan_02 is a good model to study chemotherapy against @entity788 but it may not be the best model for immunotherapy since it does not respond to the immune stimulation (unpublished data).

title: Pan_02 XXXX @entity788 model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the possibility of determining the genetic profile of primary @entity5 of the breast from specimens obtained by ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsies during the diagnostic imaging workup. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study in 13 consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with invasive @entity0 by B-mode ultrasound-guided 12 G core needle biopsy. After clinical indication, the pathologist decided whether the paraffin block specimens seemed suitable (on the basis of @entity5 size, validity of the sample, and percentage of @entity5 cells) before sending them for genetic analysis with the MammaPrint   platform. RESULTS: The size of the @entity5 on ultrasound ranged from 0.6cm to 5cm. In 11 @entity1 the preserved specimen was considered valid and suitable for use in determining the genetic profile. In 1 @entity1 (with a 1cm @entity5 ) the pathologist decided that it was necessary to repeat the core biopsy to obtain additional samples. In 1 @entity1 (with a 5cm @entity5 ) the specimen was not considered valid by the genetic laboratory. The percentage of @entity5 cells in the samples ranged from 60% to 70%. In 11/13 cases (84.62%) it was possible to do the genetic analysis on the previously diagnosed samples. CONCLUSION: In most cases, regardless of @entity5 size, it is possible to obtain the genetic profile from tissue specimens obtained with ultrasound-guided 12 G core biopsy preserved in paraffin blocks.

title: XXXX : determining the genetic profile from ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy specimens obtained during the diagnostic workups.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 prognosis has been shown to directly correlate with the severity of @entity453 diagnosed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Although the presence of coronary artery @entity460 has been associated with increased incidence of @entity385 , there are no data on the incidence of @entity385 based upon the severity of @entity453 by CCTA. Therefore, we sought to investigate the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events, including @entity385 , based upon the severity of @entity453 by CCTA over a 6-year period in a high-volume single military center. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all CCTA studies to evaluate the incidence of all-cause mortality, non-fatal @entity583 , @entity385 , and late revascularization (>90 days following CCTA) from January 2005 until July 2012. We reviewed 1518 CCTA reports, dividing @entity1 into groups with obstructive (>= 50% stenosis), non-obstructive (<50% stenosis), and no @entity453 (no angiographic disease). Subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events data (incidence of all-cause mortality, @entity385 , non-fatal @entity583 , and late revascularization) were obtained. RESULTS: Over a review period of 6 years with a resultant median follow-up period of 22 months (interquartile range = 13-34 months), the major adverse cardiovascular events rate was significantly higher with obstructive @entity453 compared to both @entity453 and no @entity453 (8.9% vs 0.7%, p < 0.001; 8.9% vs 1.6%, p < 0.001). The incidence of @entity385 alone was also significantly higher in those with obstructive @entity453 compared to those with no @entity453 (3.8% vs 0.4%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Being free of disease on CCTA was associated with excellent cardiovascular prognosis. Obstructive @entity453 was associated with a significantly increased incidence of @entity385 . There was also a direct correlation between the severity of @entity453 on CCTA and cardiovascular prognosis over the follow-up period of 24 months.

title: Assessment of major adverse cardiovascular events and XXXX with coronary computed tomography angiography based upon angiographic diagnosis in a high-volume single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'non-obstructive coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Approximately three-quarters of @entity1 with severe mental illnesses smoke cigarettes, and the rate is even higher among those with co-occurring @entity734 . This longitudinal study explored patterns of cigarette use and cessation attempts among mental health clients with co-occurring disorders. METHODS: Clients participating in a longitudinal study of co-occurring disorders (N=174) were assessed yearly over 11 years for smoking and smoking cessation behaviors, @entity146 symptoms, and other substance use, as well as social, occupational, and other characteristics. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to examine smoking cessation outcomes. RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent of @entity1 were current smokers at baseline. Seventy-five percent of @entity1 tried to quit at least once over the 11 years of the study, although none received @entity1239 replacement therapy or @entity752 . Only 17% were not smoking at the 11-year follow-up. The presence of a chronic general medical condition predicted a longer duration of not smoking in the past year. Being male and having a high school education or higher were associated with more attempts to quit smoking, as were higher scores on the activation subscale of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, more social contact with non-substance-using friends, and more daily activities. CONCLUSIONS: Although many clients with co-occurring serious @entity1032 and @entity734 tried to quit each year, few achieved sustained abstinence and none used evidence-based interventions ( @entity1239 replacement therapy or @entity752 ). Treatment providers need to administer evidence-based interventions to help @entity1 quit successfully.

title: Course of smoking and quit attempts among clients with co-occurring severe XXXX and @entity734 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorders']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Approximately three-quarters of @entity1 with severe mental illnesses smoke cigarettes, and the rate is even higher among those with co-occurring @entity734 . This longitudinal study explored patterns of cigarette use and cessation attempts among mental health clients with co-occurring disorders. METHODS: Clients participating in a longitudinal study of co-occurring disorders (N=174) were assessed yearly over 11 years for smoking and smoking cessation behaviors, @entity146 symptoms, and other substance use, as well as social, occupational, and other characteristics. Generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to examine smoking cessation outcomes. RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent of @entity1 were current smokers at baseline. Seventy-five percent of @entity1 tried to quit at least once over the 11 years of the study, although none received @entity1239 replacement therapy or @entity752 . Only 17% were not smoking at the 11-year follow-up. The presence of a chronic general medical condition predicted a longer duration of not smoking in the past year. Being male and having a high school education or higher were associated with more attempts to quit smoking, as were higher scores on the activation subscale of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, more social contact with non-substance-using friends, and more daily activities. CONCLUSIONS: Although many clients with co-occurring serious @entity1032 and @entity734 tried to quit each year, few achieved sustained abstinence and none used evidence-based interventions ( @entity1239 replacement therapy or @entity752 ). Treatment providers need to administer evidence-based interventions to help @entity1 quit successfully.

title: Course of smoking and quit attempts among clients with co-occurring severe @entity1032 and XXXX .

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance use disorders']


abstract: Background. The electronic medical records provide new and unprecedented opportunities for large population-based and clinical studies if valid and reliable diagnoses can be obtained, to determine what information is needed to distinguish idiopathic @entity1726 from @entity304 in electronic medical records. Methods. Chart review of complete medical records of 2,446 @entity1 with a hospital discharge diagnosis of @entity1726 , who, between 1996 and 2009, were registered in the Danish National Hospital Register as idiopathic @entity1726 . All @entity1 were examined in neurology departments. Clinical features were abstracted from charts to determine @entity191 phenotypes and disease course, using predefined criteria for idiopathic @entity1726 . Results. Chart review verified that 2,068 (84.5%) @entity1 met criteria for idiopathic @entity1726 . The most distinguishing features of idiopathic @entity1726 @entity1 were asymmetric onset, and fewer atypical features at onset or follow-up compared to @entity304 , and the area under the curve (AUC) for these items alone is moderate (0.74-0.77) and the highest AUC (0.91) was achieved when using all clinical features recorded in addition to @entity1726 medication use and a follow-up of 5 years or more. Conclusion. To reduce disease misclassification, information extracted from medical record review with at least 5 years of follow-up after first diagnosis was key to improve diagnostic accuracy.

title: Medical Record Review to Differentiate between @entity191 and XXXX : A Danish Record Linkage Study with 10 Years of Follow-Up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['Parkinsonism']


abstract: Background. The electronic medical records provide new and unprecedented opportunities for large population-based and clinical studies if valid and reliable diagnoses can be obtained, to determine what information is needed to distinguish idiopathic @entity1726 from @entity304 in electronic medical records. Methods. Chart review of complete medical records of 2,446 @entity1 with a hospital discharge diagnosis of @entity1726 , who, between 1996 and 2009, were registered in the Danish National Hospital Register as idiopathic @entity1726 . All @entity1 were examined in neurology departments. Clinical features were abstracted from charts to determine @entity191 phenotypes and disease course, using predefined criteria for idiopathic @entity1726 . Results. Chart review verified that 2,068 (84.5%) @entity1 met criteria for idiopathic @entity1726 . The most distinguishing features of idiopathic @entity1726 @entity1 were asymmetric onset, and fewer atypical features at onset or follow-up compared to @entity304 , and the area under the curve (AUC) for these items alone is moderate (0.74-0.77) and the highest AUC (0.91) was achieved when using all clinical features recorded in addition to @entity1726 medication use and a follow-up of 5 years or more. Conclusion. To reduce disease misclassification, information extracted from medical record review with at least 5 years of follow-up after first diagnosis was key to improve diagnostic accuracy.

title: Medical Record Review to Differentiate between XXXX and @entity304 : A Danish Record Linkage Study with 10 Years of Follow-Up.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: @entity545 ( @entity545 ) is a @entity102 involving the tunica albuginea surrounding the corpora cavernosa of the penis. A conservative treatment is indicated in the first stage of disease. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic impact and possible side effects of treatment with @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) in combination with other antioxidants in 307 @entity1 with early-stage @entity545 . @entity1 were subdivided into three groups: A, B, and C. Both groups, A and B, comprising of 206 @entity1 , underwent treatment, whereas Group C was the control group (n=101). Treatment lasted 6 months and included the following: Group A: @entity4045 400 mg twice a day + propolis 600 mg/d + blueberry 160 mg/d + @entity270 600 mg/d + @entity3522 4% gel twice/a day + @entity4045 100 mg via perilesional penile injection/every other week (12 injections in all); Group B: the same treatment as Group A except for the penile @entity4045 injections. After the 6-month treatment course, we obtained the following results: actual mean decrease in plaque volume -46.9% and -24.8% in Group A and B, respectively (P<0.0001); mean curvature reduction -10.1   and -4.8  , respectively (P,0.0001); resolution of @entity158 in 67.6% and 67.2% of cases, respectively (P=0.961); recovery of normal @entity2003 in 56.09% and 23.5% of cases, respectively (P=0.005). After 6 months, progression of disease was observed in all @entity1 belonging to Group C: plaque volume +123.3%; curvature +15.7  ; no recovery of @entity2003 . The statistically significant results of our study show that multimodal treatment with @entity4045 in association with other antioxidants and topical @entity3522 is efficacious in treating early-stage @entity545 . Furthermore, treatment proved to be more effective when @entity4045 was administered both orally and by penile injection. No serious adverse effects occurred.

title: Efficacy and safety evaluation of XXXX associated with other antioxidants in medical treatment of @entity545 : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['penile rigidity']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['PD', "Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

answer: @entity1502 :: (MESH:D010431,Chemical) :: ['pentoxifylline']


abstract: @entity545 ( @entity545 ) is a @entity102 involving the tunica albuginea surrounding the corpora cavernosa of the penis. A conservative treatment is indicated in the first stage of disease. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic impact and possible side effects of treatment with @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) in combination with other antioxidants in 307 @entity1 with early-stage @entity545 . @entity1 were subdivided into three groups: A, B, and C. Both groups, A and B, comprising of 206 @entity1 , underwent treatment, whereas Group C was the control group (n=101). Treatment lasted 6 months and included the following: Group A: @entity4045 400 mg twice a day + propolis 600 mg/d + blueberry 160 mg/d + @entity270 600 mg/d + @entity3522 4% gel twice/a day + @entity4045 100 mg via perilesional penile injection/every other week (12 injections in all); Group B: the same treatment as Group A except for the penile @entity4045 injections. After the 6-month treatment course, we obtained the following results: actual mean decrease in plaque volume -46.9% and -24.8% in Group A and B, respectively (P<0.0001); mean curvature reduction -10.1   and -4.8  , respectively (P,0.0001); resolution of @entity158 in 67.6% and 67.2% of cases, respectively (P=0.961); recovery of normal @entity2003 in 56.09% and 23.5% of cases, respectively (P=0.005). After 6 months, progression of disease was observed in all @entity1 belonging to Group C: plaque volume +123.3%; curvature +15.7  ; no recovery of @entity2003 . The statistically significant results of our study show that multimodal treatment with @entity4045 in association with other antioxidants and topical @entity3522 is efficacious in treating early-stage @entity545 . Furthermore, treatment proved to be more effective when @entity4045 was administered both orally and by penile injection. No serious adverse effects occurred.

title: Efficacy and safety evaluation of @entity1502 associated with other antioxidants in medical treatment of XXXX : a case-control study.

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of a mixture of @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) and cross-linked dextran Lipen-10   used for penile augmentation under the physical impact generated during sexual intercourse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 2010 to October 2011, a total of 20 @entity1 with a mean age of 44 years (interquartile range, 20~70 years) who requested penile augmentation participated in this study. Lipen-10   filler is a mixture of 75% cross-linked dextran, 15% @entity4625 , and 10% hypromellose solution. With the @entity1 in the supine position, Lipen-10   was injected into the subcutaneous tissue between the dartos fascia and Buck's fascia of the penis using a fanning technique. Penile length and circumference were measured before the procedure and six, 12, and 18 months after the procedure. Values were compared using the Student's t-test and the paired t-test. RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity1 completed this study. The increases in circumference and length observed six months after the procedure were found to have been maintained without change at 12 and 18 months of follow-up. At 12 and 18 months of follow-up, no abnormal findings were observed. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging conducted at 18 months of follow-up showed no trace of the injected filler having migrated to other sites, and the volume was well maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Lipen-10  , a mixture of @entity4625 and cross-linked dextran, showed good durability and tolerability over 18 months of follow-up during which the @entity1 were sexually active.

title: Long-Term Safety and Longevity of a Mixture of XXXX and Cross-Linked Dextran (Lipen-10  ) after Penile Augmentation: Extension Study from Six to 18 Months of Follow-Up.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['PMMA', 'polymethyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['Polymethyl Methacrylate']


abstract: Translational control of gene expression is essential for development in organisms that rely on maternal mRNAs. In @entity238 , translation of maternal @entity23061 (nos) mRNA must be restricted to the posterior of the early embryo for proper patterning of the anterior-posterior @entity2270 . Spatial control of nos translation is coordinated through the localization of a small subset of nos mRNA to the posterior pole late in oogenesis, activation of this localized mRNA, and repression of the remaining unlocalized nos mRNA throughout the bulk cytoplasm. Translational repression is mediated by the interaction of a cis-acting element in the nos 3' untranslated region with two proteins, @entity72716 ( @entity72716 ) and @entity23059 ( @entity23059 ), that function in the oocyte and embryo, respectively. The mechanism of @entity72716 -dependent repression is unknown. Previous work suggests that @entity23059 represses translation initiation but this model is not easily reconciled with evidence for polysome association of repressed nos mRNA. Using an in vitro translation system, we have decoupled translational repression of nos imposed during oogenesis from repression during embryogenesis. Our results suggest that both @entity72716 and @entity23059 regulate translation initiation, but by different mechanisms. Furthermore, we show that, during late oogenesis, nos translation is also repressed post-initiation and provide evidence that @entity72716 mediates this event. This post-initiation block is maintained into embryogenesis during the transition to @entity23059 -dependent regulation. We propose that the use of multiple modes of repression ensures inactivation of nos RNA that is translated at earlier stages of oogenesis and maintenance of this inactivate state throughout late oogenesis into embryogenesis.

title: Multiple mechanisms collaborate to repress XXXX translation in the @entity238 ovary and embryo.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity23061 :: (42297(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['nanos']


abstract: Translational control of gene expression is essential for development in organisms that rely on maternal mRNAs. In @entity238 , translation of maternal @entity23061 (nos) mRNA must be restricted to the posterior of the early embryo for proper patterning of the anterior-posterior @entity2270 . Spatial control of nos translation is coordinated through the localization of a small subset of nos mRNA to the posterior pole late in oogenesis, activation of this localized mRNA, and repression of the remaining unlocalized nos mRNA throughout the bulk cytoplasm. Translational repression is mediated by the interaction of a cis-acting element in the nos 3' untranslated region with two proteins, @entity72716 ( @entity72716 ) and @entity23059 ( @entity23059 ), that function in the oocyte and embryo, respectively. The mechanism of @entity72716 -dependent repression is unknown. Previous work suggests that @entity23059 represses translation initiation but this model is not easily reconciled with evidence for polysome association of repressed nos mRNA. Using an in vitro translation system, we have decoupled translational repression of nos imposed during oogenesis from repression during embryogenesis. Our results suggest that both @entity72716 and @entity23059 regulate translation initiation, but by different mechanisms. Furthermore, we show that, during late oogenesis, nos translation is also repressed post-initiation and provide evidence that @entity72716 mediates this event. This post-initiation block is maintained into embryogenesis during the transition to @entity23059 -dependent regulation. We propose that the use of multiple modes of repression ensures inactivation of nos RNA that is translated at earlier stages of oogenesis and maintenance of this inactivate state throughout late oogenesis into embryogenesis.

title: Multiple mechanisms collaborate to repress @entity23061 translation in the XXXX ovary and embryo.

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cause of emergence agitation (EA) in @entity1 is unknown. Rapid emergence from inhaled anesthesia has been implicated because EA is more common with @entity2614 than with @entity1508 . A dose-dependent effect of @entity2614 , which increases @entity410 -like electroencephalogram activity, has also been proposed. METHODS: To determine whether depth of anesthesia as measured by bispectral index (BIS) affects EA, 40 ASA physical status I to II @entity1 aged 2 to 8 years undergoing ophthalmic surgery were enrolled in a blinded randomized controlled trial of low-normal (40-45, deep) versus high-normal (55-60, light) anesthesia. To distinguish transient @entity146 from severe EA, the primary outcome was first-stage postanesthesia care unit (PACU I) peak Pediatric Assessment of Emergence @entity933 (PAED) score, with secondary outcomes of PAED and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scores at emergence, postoperative @entity3575 dose, emergence time, and discharge time. Subjects received a standard anesthesia protocol with oral @entity1363 followed by mask induction with @entity2614 8%, @entity3575 1 to 1.5  g/kg IV (then as needed), @entity4094 , and endotracheal intubation. Providers titrated expired @entity2614 (in @entity3727 67%) from 0.5% to 3% to maintain BIS range. PAED, Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scores were measured at emergence, at PACU I arrival, and during PACU I stay. RESULTS: There was little difference between the groups in the primary outcome, peak PACU I PAED score (light: 7.7    4.6; deep: 8.6    5.3; mean difference, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 4.1 to -2.3; effect size, 0.18). Discharge times were similar between groups. Treatment for severe EA was rare. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant effect of BIS-guided deep versus light anesthesia on severe EA.

title: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Depth of Anesthesia on Emergence Agitation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['Delirium']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: LEARNING OBJECTIONS: After reviewing this article, the @entity1 should be able to: 1. Appreciate the diversity of approaches for the correction of breast deformities and mastopexy. 2. Review the salient literature. 3. Understand @entity1 selection criteria and indications. SUMMARY: @entity0 and mastopexy continue to challenge plastic surgeons. Deformities such as @entity13746 , tuberous breast, @entity247 , and other congenital conditions are uncommon; therefore, management experience is often limited. Various techniques have been described, with no general consensus regarding optimal management. Mastopexy has become more common and is performed both with and without augmentation mammaplasty. However, a variety of techniques are available, and a thorough understanding of the indications, @entity1 selection criteria, and techniques is important to optimize outcomes. This article will review these and other conditions to provide a better understanding of the current available data and evidence for these operations.

title: XXXX and mastopexy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13746 :: ('MESH:D011045', 'Disease') :: ['Poland syndrome']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast deformities']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast deformities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention used to provide adequate pulmonary ventilation in @entity1 suffering from @entity1576 . However, prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with significant @entity425 resulting from both myofiber @entity194 and @entity409 . Although several signaling pathways contribute to @entity425 during mechanical ventilation, it is established that oxidative stress is required for @entity425 to occur. Therefore, identifying the site(s) of mechanical ventilation- induced reactive @entity26 species production in the diaphragm is important. OBJECTIVE: These experiments tested the hypothesis that elevated mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species emission is required for mechanical ventilation-induced oxidative stress, @entity194 , and @entity409 in the diaphragm. DESIGN: Cause and effect was determined by preventing mechanical ventilation-induced mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species emission in the diaphragm of @entity35 using a novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant (SS-31). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Compared to mechanically ventilated animals treated with saline, animals treated with SS-31 were protected against mechanical ventilation-induced @entity2383 , oxidative stress, and protease activation in the diaphragm. Importantly, treatment of animals with the mitochondrial antioxidant also protected the diaphragm against mechanical ventilation-induced myofiber @entity194 and @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal that prevention of mechanical ventilation-induced increases in diaphragmatic mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species emission protects the diaphragm from mechanical ventilation-induced @entity425 . This important new finding indicates that mitochondria are a primary source of reactive @entity26 species production in the diaphragm during prolonged mechanical ventilation. These results could lead to the development of a therapeutic intervention to impede mechanical ventilation-induced @entity425 .

title: Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants protect against mechanical ventilation-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic weakness', 'diaphragm weakness']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity425 :: (MESH:D018908,Disease) :: ['diaphragm weakness']


abstract: Background Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is considered the preferred post-remission therapy in @entity1 with @entity3052 cytogenetically defined as being at high risk. To substantiate evidence for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in first complete remission in these high-risk @entity1 we performed a landmark analysis within a single prospective multicenter treatment trial. DESIGN AND METHODS: By the time of analysis, 2,347 @entity1 had been accrued into the AMLCG 99 trial between 1999 - 2007. Out of this population, 243 @entity1 under 60 years old fulfilled the criteria for high-risk cytogenetics. Landmark analyses were performed with a control cohort, who remained in first complete remission at least the median time from complete remission to transplantation in the intervention group. RESULTS: After standardized induction therapy, 111 @entity1 under 60 years old achieved complete remission. A matched allogeneic donor was identified for 59 @entity1 (30 sibling donors, 29 unrelated donors). Fifty-five @entity1 received an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant after a median time of 88 days in first complete remission. Of the remaining 56 @entity1 , 21 relapsed within 90 days after achieving first complete remission and for 7 @entity1 with relevant comorbidities no donors search was initiated, leaving 28 @entity1 given conventional post-remission therapy as the control cohort. The median follow-up of surviving @entity1 was 60.4 months. @entity1 with an allogeneic donor had substantially better 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates than the control group (48% versus 18%, P=0.004 and 39% versus 10%, P<0.001, respectively). A survival benefit from transplantation was evident regardless of donor type, age and monosomal karyotype. Conclusions Beyond evidence available for subgroups of high-risk @entity1 , the findings of this study establish in a broader manner that allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is a preferable consolidation treatment for @entity1 with @entity3052 and high-risk cytogenetics. The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00266136.

title: Allogeneic transplantation as post-remission therapy for cytogenetically high-risk XXXX : landmark analysis from a single prospective multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to: (1) investigate the relationship between ethnicity and @entity0 incidence and survival using cancer registry and @entity580 ( @entity580 ) data; and (2) assess the impact of missing data and the recording of multiple ethnicities for some @entity1 . DESIGN: A total of 48,234 @entity0 @entity1 diagnosed between 1997 and 2003 in two English regions were identified. Ethnicity was missing in 16% of cases. Multiple imputation (10 iterations) of missing ethnicity was undertaken using a range of predictor variables. Multiple ethnicities for a single @entity1 were recorded in 4% of cases. Three methods of assigning ethnicity were used: 'most popular' code, 'last recorded' code, and proportions calculated using all recorded episodes for each @entity1 . Age-standardised incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 5-year survival were calculated before and after imputation for the three methods of assigning ethnicity. RESULTS: @entity0 incidence was lower in the South Asian group (IRR=0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51-0.69 compared to the White group). In unadjusted analyses, the South Asian group had consistently higher survival compared with the White group (hazard ratio [HR]=0.81, 95% CI 0.68-0.95). After adjustment for age and stage, there were no survival differences amongst the White, South Asian and Black groups. Survival was higher in the 'Other' ethnic group when using the 'last recorded' method to assign ethnicity (HR=0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.85 compared with the White group). The results were similar before and after imputation, using all three methods of assigning ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 incidence was lower in the South Asian group than in the White group. After adjusting for casemix there were no consistent survival differences amongst the ethnic groups. Although the impact of missing data and multiple ethnicities was minimal in this study, researchers should always consider these issues, as the results may not be generalisable to other populations and datasets.

title: Using routinely collected health data to investigate the association between ethnicity and XXXX incidence and survival: what is the impact of missing data and multiple ethnicities?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['HES', 'Hospital Episode Statistics']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: This article presents a case of a 71-year-old @entity1 with a humeral @entity174 between a cementless reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and a cemented total elbow arthroplasty and discusses our treatment plan. Surgical treatment was performed after the @entity1 was informed of possible complications and the benefits of surgery including: early, complete restoration of arm anatomy, greater functional improvement of the adjacent joints, and increased risk of nonunion with nonoperative treatment.The @entity174 was comminuted and extended proximally around the shoulder prosthesis. Through the posterior approach, the radial nerve was identified and protected. Both prostheses were found firmly fixed to bone. The @entity174 around the shoulder prosthesis was reduced first using a strut allograft and reduction clamps. Next, arm alignment restoration and distal humerus reduction were performed. The construct was neutralized with a 3.5-mm locking plate spanning the whole length of the humerus. The locking plate was positioned posterolaterally and the strut medially in a 90   to 90   configuration secured with wires and cables.A hinged elbow brace was applied for 6 weeks postoperatively. Active range of motion exercises of the wrist and hand and passive motion of the elbow and shoulder were started at 4 to 5 days postoperatively. At 2 weeks postoperatively, passive motion of the elbow and shoulder progressed to strengthening exercises. Thereafter, the @entity1 underwent several weeks of physical therapy to restore motion, strength, and function of the upper extremity with instructions not to overload the arm and avoid heavy work and sports for as long as 1 year. At 10 months postoperatively, radiographs of the arm showed a stable construct; the @entity1 had resumed full activities of daily living.

title: XXXX between a total elbow and total shoulder arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Humeral fracture']


abstract: The objectives of this study were to (1) assess year-round behaviors and activity patterns of captive @entity8418 ( @entity8418 ) and (2) characterize the species' reproductive endocrinology. Behaviors and activity patterns of 12 (5.7) animals were recorded over a 1-year period. During that time, fecal samples were collected 2-7 times/week from 16 (7.9) individuals (six of these were included in the behavioral study) for the analysis of @entity251 , @entity1420 and @entity172 metabolite concentrations. Activity pattern and excretion of gonadal steroids followed a seasonal pattern. Specifically, @entity235 were cathemeral in summer, and primarily nocturnal in winter. In the males, @entity251 concentrations were at baseline from April through September, began to rise in October and reached peak concentrations in February (P<0.05). In the females, elevated @entity172 (P<0.05) was observed in March followed by an increase in progestagen concentrations from March through May (P<0.05) in both pregnant and pseudopregnant animals. Gender significantly influenced monthly @entity251 / @entity172 ratio (P<0.01); values were higher in males than in females throughout the year with overall percentage of overlapping values between males and females being 28%. In summary, this study characterized cirannual fluctuations in behaviors and gonadal @entity134 metabolites in the @entity8418 maintained in captivity. Because there is no obvious sexual dimorphism, the differences in @entity251 / @entity172 ratio may be useful for gender differentiation (72% accuracy), especially among individuals living in the wild.

title: Activity pattern, reproductive behaviors and gonadal hormones in the XXXX ( @entity8418 ).

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity8418 :: ('34880', 'Species') :: ['raccoon dog', 'raccoon dogs', 'Nyctereutes procyonoides']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity8418 :: (34880,Species) :: ['raccoon dog']


abstract: The objectives of this study were to (1) assess year-round behaviors and activity patterns of captive @entity8418 ( @entity8418 ) and (2) characterize the species' reproductive endocrinology. Behaviors and activity patterns of 12 (5.7) animals were recorded over a 1-year period. During that time, fecal samples were collected 2-7 times/week from 16 (7.9) individuals (six of these were included in the behavioral study) for the analysis of @entity251 , @entity1420 and @entity172 metabolite concentrations. Activity pattern and excretion of gonadal steroids followed a seasonal pattern. Specifically, @entity235 were cathemeral in summer, and primarily nocturnal in winter. In the males, @entity251 concentrations were at baseline from April through September, began to rise in October and reached peak concentrations in February (P<0.05). In the females, elevated @entity172 (P<0.05) was observed in March followed by an increase in progestagen concentrations from March through May (P<0.05) in both pregnant and pseudopregnant animals. Gender significantly influenced monthly @entity251 / @entity172 ratio (P<0.01); values were higher in males than in females throughout the year with overall percentage of overlapping values between males and females being 28%. In summary, this study characterized cirannual fluctuations in behaviors and gonadal @entity134 metabolites in the @entity8418 maintained in captivity. Because there is no obvious sexual dimorphism, the differences in @entity251 / @entity172 ratio may be useful for gender differentiation (72% accuracy), especially among individuals living in the wild.

title: Activity pattern, reproductive behaviors and gonadal hormones in the @entity8418 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity8418 :: (34880,Species) :: ['Nyctereutes procyonoides']


abstract: @entity53 (E2) is a potent neuroactive @entity134 that acts through both nuclear and membrane @entity172 receptors (ER) found widely distributed in the brain. Although long known for its role in the neural control of reproduction, more recent work demonstrates that E2 also affects learning and memory, as well as @entity148 and @entity308 . These findings prompted studies on the neural consequences of long-term E2 deprivation in postmenopausal @entity1 . Despite hundreds of studies in animal models and @entity1 , the advisability of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for neuroprotection remains a contentious issue because the effects of @entity172 vary among studies. One difficulty in reconciling the conflicting results is the lack of integration across the neuroscience sub-disciplines that contribute to the field. To address this issue, we first review data on E2 regulation of cognition and mood, as well as on factors that may contribute to the disparate findings across studies. @entity1246 and @entity2227 are proximal regulators of cognition and mood; therefore we next review review data showing that E2 acts through nuclear- and membrane-initiated mechanisms to regulate @entity1246 and @entity2227 signaling, respectively. We also review evidence that these E2 signaling mechanisms change with age. Finally, we propose a molecular and cellular model of how E2 can have positive, negative, or no effects on neural functions in the aging brain, and we highlight the current gaps in the literature. Addressing these gaps will facilitate development of the mechanism-based strategies needed for designing more effective HRT regimens.

title: XXXX acts through nuclear- and membrane-initiated mechanisms to maintain a balance between GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling in the brain: implications for hormone replacement therapy.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['Estradiol']


abstract: @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) is a rich source of radicals, predisposing the cell to oxidative stress resulting in @entity32 . @entity32 is a recognized risk factor for @entity105 . @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) is a mediator of inflammatory pathway and may, therefore, contribute to @entity105 . There are several reports that suggest the association between @entity1981 and @entity1996 associated risk to @entity5 . In the present study, we examined the role of @entity12698 (a selective @entity1996 inhibitor) in modulating the oxidative stress caused by @entity1981 inhalation in @entity19 . @entity1981 exposure for a period of 10 weeks caused oxidative stress in the pulmonary and hepatic tissues, as evident from the increase in lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) and decrease in @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels. @entity12698 (125 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks) administration to @entity1981 inhaling @entity19 reduced the oxidative stress by decreasing the LPO levels and enhancing the @entity2197 levels in comparison to the @entity1981 -exposed group. @entity1981 exposure repressed the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, as evident from the decrease in catalase (CAT) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activities. Co-adminstration of @entity12698 considerably reversed the changes in the enzymatic antioxidant defense system. Histopathological studies of lungs showed that @entity1981 exposure induced alveolar wall destruction and air space enlargement. In co-treated group, the @entity133 were thicker than normal with apparent infiltration of inflammatory cells. In @entity1981 -exposed group, hepatic tissue exhibited vacuolization and macrophage infiltration. Co-treatment with @entity12698 restored the normal histoarchitechture in hepatic tissues of @entity1981 inhaling @entity19 . Thus, the present study demonstrated that @entity12698 adminstration reduced the oxidative stress-mediated risk to @entity105 , due to its ability to boost the antioxidant defense system.

title: XXXX mitigates cigarette smoke induced oxidative stress in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar septa']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['Cigarette smoke', 'CS']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['Celecoxib']


abstract: @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) is a rich source of radicals, predisposing the cell to oxidative stress resulting in @entity32 . @entity32 is a recognized risk factor for @entity105 . @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) is a mediator of inflammatory pathway and may, therefore, contribute to @entity105 . There are several reports that suggest the association between @entity1981 and @entity1996 associated risk to @entity5 . In the present study, we examined the role of @entity12698 (a selective @entity1996 inhibitor) in modulating the oxidative stress caused by @entity1981 inhalation in @entity19 . @entity1981 exposure for a period of 10 weeks caused oxidative stress in the pulmonary and hepatic tissues, as evident from the increase in lipid peroxidation levels (LPO) and decrease in @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels. @entity12698 (125 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks) administration to @entity1981 inhaling @entity19 reduced the oxidative stress by decreasing the LPO levels and enhancing the @entity2197 levels in comparison to the @entity1981 -exposed group. @entity1981 exposure repressed the enzymatic antioxidant defense system, as evident from the decrease in catalase (CAT) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activities. Co-adminstration of @entity12698 considerably reversed the changes in the enzymatic antioxidant defense system. Histopathological studies of lungs showed that @entity1981 exposure induced alveolar wall destruction and air space enlargement. In co-treated group, the @entity133 were thicker than normal with apparent infiltration of inflammatory cells. In @entity1981 -exposed group, hepatic tissue exhibited vacuolization and macrophage infiltration. Co-treatment with @entity12698 restored the normal histoarchitechture in hepatic tissues of @entity1981 inhaling @entity19 . Thus, the present study demonstrated that @entity12698 adminstration reduced the oxidative stress-mediated risk to @entity105 , due to its ability to boost the antioxidant defense system.

title: @entity12698 mitigates cigarette smoke induced oxidative stress in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate trends in the prevalence of @entity1295 among elders living in public housing or in the community; to compare health status of elders living in public housing to their community-dwelling counterparts. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community-dwelling elders who reported ever residing in public housing were compared to those living in other community settings. @entity1 : @entity1 of the Health and Retirement Study (seven waves of interviews conducted from 1995 through 2006) interviewed in 2006 with complete data on housing status, self-report measures of health status and measures of functioning (n = 16,191). MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported @entity1295 , functioning, and other health conditions. We also evaluated four functional indices: overall mobility, large muscle functioning, gross motor functioning, and fine motor functioning. RESULTS: Those reporting having lived in public housing were twice as likely to rate their health as fair or poor relative to those with no public housing experience (57.3% vs 26.9%, respectively). Cardiac conditions, @entity64 , @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity625 and @entity146 problems were all more prevalent in those living in public housing relative to community-dwelling elders not living in public housing. Fatigue was more prevalent in @entity1 residing in public housing (26.7%) as compared to other community-dwelling elders (17.8%). CONCLUSION: The health status of @entity1 residing in public housing is poor. Fatigue and comorbid conditions are highly prevalent and more common in those living in public housing. Developing care models that meet the needs of this oft-neglected population is warranted.

title: Subsidized housing not subsidized health: health status and XXXX among elders in public housing and other community settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of body-mass index (BMI) from adolescence to adulthood with obesity-related diseases in young adults has not been completely delineated. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study in which we followed 37,674 apparently healthy young @entity1 for incident angiography-proven @entity301 and @entity6 through the Staff Periodic Examination Center of the Israeli Army Medical Corps. The height and weight of @entity1 were measured at regular intervals, with the first measurements taken when they were 17 years of age. RESULTS: During approximately 650,000 @entity1 -years of follow-up (mean follow-up, 17.4 years), we documented 1173 incident cases of type 2 @entity6 and 327 of @entity301 . In multivariate models adjusted for age, family history, blood pressure, lifestyle factors, and biomarkers in blood, elevated adolescent BMI (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters; mean range for the first through last deciles, 17.3 to 27.6) was a significant predictor of both @entity6 (hazard ratio for the highest vs. the lowest decile, 2.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11 to 3.58) and angiography-proven @entity301 (hazard ratio, 5.43; 95% CI, 2.77 to 10.62). Further adjustment for BMI at adulthood completely ablated the association of adolescent BMI with @entity6 (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.37) but not the association with @entity301 (hazard ratio, 6.85; 95% CI, 3.30 to 14.21). After adjustment of the BMI values as continuous variables in multivariate models, only elevated BMI in adulthood was significantly associated with @entity6 (b=1.115, P=0.003; P=0.89 for interaction). In contrast, elevated BMI in both adolescence (b=1.355, P=0.004) and adulthood (b=1.207, P=0.03) were independently associated with angiography-proven @entity301 (P=0.048 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS: An elevated BMI in adolescence--one that is well within the range currently considered to be normal--constitutes a substantial risk factor for @entity28 in midlife. Although the risk of @entity6 is mainly associated with increased BMI close to the time of diagnosis, the risk of @entity301 is associated with an elevated BMI both in adolescence and in adulthood, supporting the hypothesis that the processes causing incident @entity301 , particularly @entity731 , are more gradual than those resulting in incident @entity6 . (Funded by the Chaim Sheba Medical Center and the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps.).

title: Adolescent BMI trajectory and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['diabetes versus coronary disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a novel thermodynamic treatment for @entity409 ( @entity409 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen adult subjects (10 females, 4 males, mean age   =   54.2    9.6 yr) were recruited in a multi-center, feasibility clinical trial in Durham and Cary, North Carolina and Boston, Massachusetts. Inclusion criteria included: previous diagnosis of moderate to severe @entity936 ; @entity936 for at least three months prior; daily topical lubricant use; and evidence of @entity14938 in the central five glands of both eyes lower eyelids. Exclusion criteria included: history of recent acute or @entity32 or infection and lid surface abnormalities affecting lid function. The treatment: the device heats the palpebral surface of upper and lower eyelids while simultaneously applying graded pulsatile pressure to the outer eyelid for 12   min, thereby expressing the MGs during heating. One eye was randomly selected to undergo additional manual heated expression with another treatment device. RESULTS: The mean MG secretion score, tear break-up time, corneal staining score, number of MGs yielding liquid secretion and symptom scores all improved significantly from baseline to 1 week. This was maintained through the 3-month follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in any outcome between the automated device treatment only and the additional heated manual expression. CONCLUSION: The combination of heat applied to the palpebral surface, while simultaneously expressing MGs during a single 12-minute treatment, was effective, in this feasibility study, in treating obstructive @entity409 and @entity936 signs and symptoms for the 3-month study period.

title: A novel thermodynamic treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['MG dysfunction', 'obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction', 'MGD']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye', 'dry eye symptoms']

entities_list: @entity14938 :: ('MESH:D017043', 'Disease') :: ['meibomian gland (MG) obstruction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['meibomian gland dysfunction']