abstract: PURPOSE: The use of organs from deceased after @entity204 and extended criteria donors grew in the last decade. These organs are more sensitive to @entity63 -reperfusion injury during transplantation and current preservation protocols do not protect them adequately. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In an autotransplanted, deceased after @entity204 donor @entity1707 kidney model we evaluated the benefits of supplementation with University of Wisconsin solution trophic factors and @entity55910 , an inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. RESULTS: Supplemented solution improved renal recovery and limited @entity63 -reperfusion injury, particularly when agents were used in conjunction. Long-term benefits were highlighted by @entity177 , as determined by Picrosirius staining, and @entity32 , as evaluated by renal cell infiltration. Mechanistic evaluation showed decreased expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, a process involved in renal @entity82 development. Tumor @entity39 factor-a was markedly decreased in the treated experimental group. Apoptosis was also decreased, accompanied by decreased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementing the current gold standard kidney preservation protocol with trophic factors and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors markedly increased the quality of grafts in our @entity1707 deceased after @entity204 donor model. Hence, this represents a strategy of interest to improve transplantation outcomes.

title: Trophic factor and XXXX supplementation during cold storage rescue chronic renal injury.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decreased renal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity55910 :: (MESH:C104334,Chemical) :: ['FR167653']


abstract: PURPOSE: Abnormal miRNA expression has emerged as crucial factors in @entity105 and is important in the comprehension of @entity263 behavior. We determined the correlation of miRNA expression profiles with @entity263 progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied frozen specimens from 49 @entity1 treated for @entity263 with radical prostatectomy. We intentionally chose 28 @entity1 without and 21 with biochemical recurrence, defined as @entity1486 greater than 0.2 ng/ml. The expression of 14 miRNAs was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. All radical prostatectomy specimens were studied in toto to determine @entity5 volume, Gleason score and 2002 TNM pathological stage. Benign prostate tissue from @entity1067 served as a control. RESULTS: Four miRNAs were related to @entity5 recurrence. Using the Cox regression test the risk of recurrence was 3.0, 3.3, 2.7 and 3.4 for high levels of @entity26719 , @entity3373 , @entity22076 and @entity10075 , respectively. When considering statistically significant clinical variables on univariate analysis of biochemical-free survival, @entity1486 and @entity5 volume, results revealed that @entity26719 and @entity5 volume were independently related to @entity5 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: A high level of @entity26719 is related to biochemical recurrence of @entity263 in @entity1 treated with radical prostatectomy. The role of @entity26719 during @entity105 must be resolved in future studies to better understand the molecular pathways in which @entity26719 is involved. This may open the possibility of using it as a prognostic marker and inspire the development of a target drug.

title: MicroRNA-100 expression is independently related to biochemical recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Psychiatric language in Latvia has been invaded by the diagnosis of @entity308 and @entity308 . @entity308 has been promoted by the translation into Latvian of the International Classification of Diseases and by conferences organized by pharmaceutical companies and aimed at educating psychiatrists and family doctors about the new diagnostic categories. The language of @entity308 represents a radical departure from older languages of somatic distress that were central both to Soviet Psychiatry and to lay conceptualizations of distress. However, the new practitioners who favour the diagnosis of @entity308 have a highly atomistic and culture blind approach to @entity1 ' problems. In order to selectively cleanse the presentation of distress, various strategies for eliminating social context and suppressing @entity1 ' narratives are used during @entity146 consultations. Alongside these imported @entity146 languages, recognition of the physically and socially embedded nature of @entity1 experience and its historicity persist. Not all psychiatrists eliminate subjective narrative from the consultation dialogue. However, prioritizing mental over physical states is not linked in a straightforward way to other dualisms such as the intentional versus the accidental and the voluntary versus the involuntary. For many @entity308 @entity1 autonomy is restricted to being a good @entity1 and learning about their condition. Conversely, psychiatrists who start out by addressing their @entity1 ' physical discomfort may move on to open up a range of narrative possibilities.

title: From damaged nerves to XXXX : inevitability and hope in Latvian @entity146 narratives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'masked depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['masked depression']


abstract: Psychiatric language in Latvia has been invaded by the diagnosis of @entity308 and @entity308 . @entity308 has been promoted by the translation into Latvian of the International Classification of Diseases and by conferences organized by pharmaceutical companies and aimed at educating psychiatrists and family doctors about the new diagnostic categories. The language of @entity308 represents a radical departure from older languages of somatic distress that were central both to Soviet Psychiatry and to lay conceptualizations of distress. However, the new practitioners who favour the diagnosis of @entity308 have a highly atomistic and culture blind approach to @entity1 ' problems. In order to selectively cleanse the presentation of distress, various strategies for eliminating social context and suppressing @entity1 ' narratives are used during @entity146 consultations. Alongside these imported @entity146 languages, recognition of the physically and socially embedded nature of @entity1 experience and its historicity persist. Not all psychiatrists eliminate subjective narrative from the consultation dialogue. However, prioritizing mental over physical states is not linked in a straightforward way to other dualisms such as the intentional versus the accidental and the voluntary versus the involuntary. For many @entity308 @entity1 autonomy is restricted to being a good @entity1 and learning about their condition. Conversely, psychiatrists who start out by addressing their @entity1 ' physical discomfort may move on to open up a range of narrative possibilities.

title: From damaged nerves to @entity308 : inevitability and hope in Latvian XXXX narratives.

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: To analyze the distribution of @entity238 @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II ( @entity27114 ) in the adult brain, we generated monoclonal antibodies against the bacterially expressed 490- @entity535 (a.a.) form of @entity27114 . One of those, named #18 antibody, was used for this study. Western blot analysis of the adult head extracts showed that the antibody specifically detects multiple bands between 55 and 60 kDa corresponding to the molecular weights of the splicing isoforms of @entity27114 . Epitope mapping revealed that it was in the region between 199 and 283 a.a. of @entity27114 . Preferential @entity27114 immunoreactivity in the embryonic nervous system, adult thoracic ganglion and gut, and larval neuro-muscular junction (NMJ) was consistent with previous observations by in situ hybridization and immunostaining with a polyclonal antibody at the NMJ, indicating that the antibody is applicable to immunohistochemistry. Although @entity27114 immunoreactive signal was low in the retina, it was found at regular intervals in the outer margin of the compound eye. These signals were most likely to be interommatidial bristle mechanosensory neurons. @entity27114 immunoreactivity in the brain was observed in almost all regions and relatively higher staining was found in the neuropilar region than in the cortex. Higher @entity27114 immunoreactivity in the @entity18277 ( @entity18277 ) was found in the entire gamma lobe including the heel, and dorsal tips of the alpha and alpha' lobes, while cores of alpha and beta lobes were stained light. Finding abundant @entity27114 accumulation in the gamma lobe suggested that this lobe might especially require high levels of @entity27114 expression to function properly among @entity18277 lobes.

title: Immunohistochemical study of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the XXXX brain using a specific monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity18277 :: ('MESH:D009145', 'Disease') :: ['mushroom body', 'MB']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS:    Invasive @entity364 caused by filamentous fungi and @entity375 are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed hematology @entity1 . We previously published a method to expand @entity54 -specific T cells for clinical cell therapy. In the present study, we investigated expansion of T cells specific for other fungal pathogens and creation of a broadly reactive @entity1619 -cell product. METHODS:    Fungal strains selected were those frequently observed in the clinical hematology setting and included @entity54 , Candida, Fusarium, Rhizopus and Lomentospora/Scedosporium. Four T-cell cultures specific to each fungus were established. We selected lysates of @entity13473 , Candida krusei and @entity7144 to expand @entity1619 cells. Allelic restriction of anti-fungal activity was determined through the use of specific major histocompatibility complex class II-blocking antibodies. RESULTS:    Individual T-cell cultures specific to each fungus could be expanded in vitro, generating predominantly CD4(+) T cells of which 8% to 20% were fungus-specific. We successfully expanded @entity1619 cells from the peripheral blood (n   =   8) and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor-primed stem cell products (n   =   3) of normal donors by using a combination of lysates from @entity13473 , Candida krusei and Rhizopus oryzae. Anti-fungal activity was mediated through human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR alleles and was maintained when antigen-presenting cells from partially HLA-DRB1-matched donors were used to stimulate T cells. CONCLUSIONS:    We demonstrate a method to manufacture @entity1619 -cell products with specificity against a range of clinical fungal pathogens by use of the blood and stem cells of healthy donors as the starting material. The safety and efficacy of these products will need to be tested clinically.

title: Stimulation with lysates of XXXX , Candida krusei and @entity7144 maximizes cross-reactivity of anti-fungal T cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7144 :: ('64495', 'Species') :: ['Rhizopus oryzae']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['panfungal T']

entities_list: @entity13473 :: ('33178', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus terreus']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal diseases']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

answer: @entity13473 :: (33178,Species) :: ['Aspergillus terreus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS:    Invasive @entity364 caused by filamentous fungi and @entity375 are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed hematology @entity1 . We previously published a method to expand @entity54 -specific T cells for clinical cell therapy. In the present study, we investigated expansion of T cells specific for other fungal pathogens and creation of a broadly reactive @entity1619 -cell product. METHODS:    Fungal strains selected were those frequently observed in the clinical hematology setting and included @entity54 , Candida, Fusarium, Rhizopus and Lomentospora/Scedosporium. Four T-cell cultures specific to each fungus were established. We selected lysates of @entity13473 , Candida krusei and @entity7144 to expand @entity1619 cells. Allelic restriction of anti-fungal activity was determined through the use of specific major histocompatibility complex class II-blocking antibodies. RESULTS:    Individual T-cell cultures specific to each fungus could be expanded in vitro, generating predominantly CD4(+) T cells of which 8% to 20% were fungus-specific. We successfully expanded @entity1619 cells from the peripheral blood (n   =   8) and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor-primed stem cell products (n   =   3) of normal donors by using a combination of lysates from @entity13473 , Candida krusei and Rhizopus oryzae. Anti-fungal activity was mediated through human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR alleles and was maintained when antigen-presenting cells from partially HLA-DRB1-matched donors were used to stimulate T cells. CONCLUSIONS:    We demonstrate a method to manufacture @entity1619 -cell products with specificity against a range of clinical fungal pathogens by use of the blood and stem cells of healthy donors as the starting material. The safety and efficacy of these products will need to be tested clinically.

title: Stimulation with lysates of @entity13473 , Candida krusei and XXXX maximizes cross-reactivity of anti-fungal T cells.

answer: @entity7144 :: (64495,Species) :: ['Rhizopus oryzae']


abstract: The treatment of @entity1028 has undergone dramatic changes over the last three decades. More sophisticated diagnostic techniques have allowed early elective repair to be carried out. Improvement has resulted in both morbidity and mortality rates. Investigations such as ultrasound, computerized tomographic scanning and arteriography allow easy confirmation of the diagnosis of @entity449 and permit a better assessment of the extent prior to surgical intervention. Improvement in the pre-operative management, particularly in relation to cardiac, renal, and @entity358 , has led to greatly improved results. The most important change in surgical technique has been repair of the @entity439 rather than resection. Combined with better post-operative intensive care units, this development has contributed to the improved morbidity and mortality rates. Although the complication rate of elective repair is low, the major cause of death remains @entity583 . As a result of all these improvements, indication for repair of @entity1028 has been extended to @entity1 over the age of 80. Following surgical repair, most @entity1 can be expected to return to normal lifestyles and lifespans.

title: Current trends in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 is increasingly considered to be a chronic inflammatory process. We examined whether genetic variants of the @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ), which are correlated with impaired innate immunity and with progression of @entity2998 , are also associated with @entity453 and predict the risk of @entity65 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Two polymorphisms of the @entity2939 gene ( @entity19825 and @entity20235 ) were determined in 655 @entity1 with angiographically documented @entity453 . All @entity1 participated in a prospective @entity165 -lowering trial evaluating the effect on @entity453 and were randomly assigned to either @entity8673 or placebo for 2 years. There were no significant differences between genetically defined subgroups with respect to baseline risk factors, treatment, or in-trial changes of lipid, lipoprotein, or angiographic measurements. Genotype was not associated with progression of @entity731 . In the @entity8673 group, 299Gly carriers had a lower risk of @entity65 during follow-up than noncarriers (2.0% versus 11.5%, P=0.045). Among noncarriers, @entity8673 reduced the risk of @entity65 from 18.1% to 11.5% (P=0.03), whereas among 299Gly carriers this risk was strikingly reduced from 29.6% to 2.0% (P=0.0002, P=0.025 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS: Among symptomatic @entity1 with documented @entity453 , the @entity2939 @entity19825 polymorphism was associated with the risk of @entity65 . This variant also modified the efficacy of @entity8673 in preventing @entity65 , such that carriers of the variant allele had significantly more benefit from @entity8673 treatment.

title: Variants of @entity2939 modify the efficacy of statin therapy and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity19825 :: ('p|SUB|D|299|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Asp299Gly']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity20235 :: ('p|SUB|T|399|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Thr399Ile']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular events']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 is increasingly considered to be a chronic inflammatory process. We examined whether genetic variants of the @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ), which are correlated with impaired innate immunity and with progression of @entity2998 , are also associated with @entity453 and predict the risk of @entity65 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Two polymorphisms of the @entity2939 gene ( @entity19825 and @entity20235 ) were determined in 655 @entity1 with angiographically documented @entity453 . All @entity1 participated in a prospective @entity165 -lowering trial evaluating the effect on @entity453 and were randomly assigned to either @entity8673 or placebo for 2 years. There were no significant differences between genetically defined subgroups with respect to baseline risk factors, treatment, or in-trial changes of lipid, lipoprotein, or angiographic measurements. Genotype was not associated with progression of @entity731 . In the @entity8673 group, 299Gly carriers had a lower risk of @entity65 during follow-up than noncarriers (2.0% versus 11.5%, P=0.045). Among noncarriers, @entity8673 reduced the risk of @entity65 from 18.1% to 11.5% (P=0.03), whereas among 299Gly carriers this risk was strikingly reduced from 29.6% to 2.0% (P=0.0002, P=0.025 for interaction). CONCLUSIONS: Among symptomatic @entity1 with documented @entity453 , the @entity2939 @entity19825 polymorphism was associated with the risk of @entity65 . This variant also modified the efficacy of @entity8673 in preventing @entity65 , such that carriers of the variant allele had significantly more benefit from @entity8673 treatment.

title: Variants of XXXX modify the efficacy of statin therapy and the risk of @entity65 .

answer: @entity2939 :: (7099,Gene) :: ['toll-like receptor 4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Three-spot wrasse, @entity72512 , is a marine protogynous hermaphrodite fish. Individuals mature either as @entity1613 ( @entity1613 ) males or females. Appropriate social cues induce the sex change from @entity1613 female to terminal phase (TP) male. However, the molecular mechanisms behind such a sex change remain largely unknown. Recently, the forkhead transcription factor 2 (Foxl2) was identified as an essential regulator of vertebrate ovarian development/function/phenotype. Inspired by this information, we characterized the expression patterns of Foxl2 in the protogynous wrasse assuming Foxl2 as the female-specific marker in this species. METHODS: First, we clonedFoxl2 cDNA from ovary by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Next, we analysed expression pattern of Foxl2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein in gonads of different sexual phases by real time quantitative PCR assay and flour fluorescence immunohistochemical method, respectively. Additionally, we studied the changes in Foxl2 expression pattern during @entity11163 ( @entity11163 )-induced sex change. RESULTS: The @entity535 sequence (306 AA) of wrasse Foxl2, especially the forkhead domain, shows high identity with that of other reported teleost Foxl2s. Quite unexpectedly, no sexual dimorphism was observable between the testes and ovary in the expression pattern of Foxl2. In female phase fish, signals for Foxl2 protein were detectable in the granulosa cells, but not the theca cells. Transcript levels of Foxl2 in the testes of @entity1613 and TP males were identical to that in the ovaries of females and, further, Foxl2 protein was found to be localized in the interstitial cells including tubules and Leydig cells. Treatment with @entity11163 induced sex change in male gonads and an up-regulation was seen in the expression of Foxl2 in these gonads. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike in other vertebrates, including teleosts, Foxl2 may have a different role in the naturally sex changing fishes.

title: Expression and localization of forkhead transcriptional factor 2 (Foxl2) in the gonads of protogynous wrasse, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11163 :: ('MESH:C537436', 'Disease') :: ['AI', 'aromatase inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity72512 :: ('147232', 'Species') :: ['Halichoeres trimaculatus']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'initial phase']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity72512 :: (147232,Species) :: ['Halichoeres trimaculatus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause of operative failure in @entity1 who have undergone parathyroid surgery for @entity459 . DESIGN: Retrospective case review. @entity1 : @entity1 who had undergone a primary procedure for @entity459 between July 2003 and December 2007. Cases with incomplete post-operative serum @entity460 data were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Operative failure was defined as failure to achieve normalisation of serum adjusted @entity460 levels post-operatively. RESULTS: A total of 220 primary procedures were conducted over 4.5 years. Data were not available for 16 @entity1 . Thirteen procedures (6.4 per cent) were considered failures, and these cases were individually reviewed and classified according to the reason for failure. CONCLUSION: Establishing the cause of failure following surgery for @entity459 can be a complex task. In some instances, diagnostic uncertainty remains despite detailed biochemical and radiological assessment. This paper outlines our approach to maximising the cure rate at primary surgery.

title: Defining failure after parathyroidectomy for XXXX : case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled @entity955 ( @entity955 ) results in complex changes in the cardiomyocyte electrical and contractile functioning that promote @entity13678 and the continuation of @entity955 . Recently there has been a growing interest in understanding the role of @entity1457 proteins (HSPs), which are cytoprotective molecular chaperones, in the pathophysiology of @entity955 . Several groups have examined HSP expression in @entity1 with @entity955 but have yielded mixed results. To allow for better consistency and reproducibility between subjects, we utilized @entity235 models to reproduce AFpromoting conditions to better investigate the role of HSPs in the pathophysiology of @entity955 . METHODS: @entity955 promoting conditions were simulated in @entity235 models with fifteen adult mongrel @entity235 (20.6 to 36.0 kg) divided into three groups: (1) Control (n=5), (2) two week ventricular tachypacing (VTP) induced @entity712 ( @entity712 ) (n=5), and (3) one week @entity955 ( @entity955 ) (n=5). Quick frozen right atrial free wall tissue samples were used for protein isolation and were analyzed via Western blotting with data was expressed as a relative ratio and were analyzed using a two-tailed, unpaired ttest and significance was set at p < 0.05. The expression levels of HSP 90, 70, and 25 were studied along with the phosphorylation status of @entity25485 at @entity563 -78. RESULTS: We first examined the effects of the @entity955 and @entity712 heart models on the expression of a select group of HSPs via Western Blot. We found that there was no significant difference in levels of expression of HSP 90, 70, or 25 when either @entity955 or @entity712 models were compared to control @entity235 . The phosphorylation status of @entity25485 was significantly decreased in the @entity712 @entity235 model when compared to control (p < 0.0111) and it tended towards a decrease in the @entity955 @entity235 model when compared to control (p=0.0923). CONCLUSION: This study showed that even though the expression levels of HSPs may remain constant, there are protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events that occur in @entity955 that may have important consequences in its pathophysiology. It is therefore necessary to investigate the full scale of HSP modifications during @entity955 and @entity955 -promoting conditions.

title: Consequences of Atrial or Ventricular Tachypacing on the XXXX Proteins (HSP) level of Expression and Phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['atrial remodeling']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial tachypacying', 'ATP', 'AF']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Heat Shock']


abstract: OBJECT: Lumbar discectomy is the most common surgical procedure performed in the US for @entity1 experiencing back and @entity158 from @entity890 . However, not all @entity1 will benefit from lumbar discectomy. @entity1 with certain psychological predispositions may be especially vulnerable to poor clinical outcomes. The goal of this study was therefore to determine the role that preoperative @entity308 and somatic @entity148 have on long-term back and @entity158 , disability, and quality of life (QOL) for @entity1 undergoing single-level lumbar discectomy. METHODS: In 67 adults undergoing discectomy for a single-level @entity890 , the authors determined quantitative measurements of @entity615 (visual analog scale [VAS]), quality of life (36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]), and disease-specific disability ( @entity717 Index) preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The degree of preoperative @entity308 and @entity2531 was assessed using the Zung Self-Rating @entity308 Scale and a modified somatic perception questionnaire (MSPQ). Multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess associations between Zung Scale and MSPQ scores with achievement of a @entity922 ( @entity922 ) in each outcome measure by 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed 12 months of follow-up. Overall, a significant improvement in VAS @entity158 , @entity615 , @entity717 Index, and SF-36 Physical Component Summary scores was observed by 6 weeks after surgery. Improvements in all outcomes were maintained throughout the 12-month follow-up period. Increasing preoperative @entity308 (measured using the Zung Scale) was associated with a decreased likelihood of achieving an @entity922 in disability (p = 0.006) and QOL (p = 0.04) but was not associated with VAS @entity158 (p = 0.96) or back @entity158 (p = 0.85) by 12 months. Increasing preoperative somatic @entity148 (measured using the MSPQ) was associated with decreased likelihood of achieving an @entity922 in disability (p = 0.002) and QOL (p = 0.03) but was not associated with @entity158 (p = 0.64) or back @entity158 (p = 0.77) by 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The Zung Scale and MSPQ are valuable tools for stratifying risk in @entity1 who may not experience clinically relevant improvement in disability and QOL after discectomy. Efforts to address these confounding and underlying contributors of @entity308 and heightened somatic @entity148 may improve overall outcomes after lumbar discectomy.

title: Correlation of preoperative XXXX and somatic perception scales with postoperative disability and quality of life after lumbar discectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['VAS back pain', 'leg and back pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'leg pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimum clinical important difference', 'MCID']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['herniated lumbar discs', 'herniated lumbar disc']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity5 cells can migrate and invade tissue by two modes of motility: mesenchymal and amoeboid. X-ray or y-ray irradiation increases the invasiveness of @entity5 cells with mesenchymal motility through the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and this increase is suppressed by MMP inhibitors (MMPI). However, the effects of X-ray or y-ray irradiation on the invasiveness of @entity5 cells with @entity1319 remain unclear. We investigated the effect of irradiation on @entity1319 by using cells of the @entity1 @entity788 , which exhibits both modes of motility. The X-ray-induced invasiveness of MIAPaCa-2 cells was associated with the upregulation of @entity1476 at both the RNA and protein levels and was inhibited by @entity53127 treatment. Amoeboid-mesenchymal transition was slightly induced after irradiation. The MMPI treatment caused @entity361 without significant increase in invasiveness, while the @entity9067 ( @entity9067 ) stimulated amoeboid-mesenchymal transition and enhanced invasiveness under both non-irradiated and irradiated conditions. This @entity9067 -induced transition was accompanied by the upregulation of @entity1476 mRNA and protein. Exposure to both irradiation and @entity9067 further enhanced @entity1476 expression and had an additive effect on the invasiveness of MIAPaCa-2 cells. Additionally, exposure to MMPI led to significant suppression of both radiation-induced and the basal invasiveness of MIAPaCa-2 cells. This suggests that @entity9067 treatment, especially with concomitant X-ray irradiation, can induce invasion of @entity5 cells and should be used only for certain types of @entity5 cells. Simultaneous use of inhibitors, @entity9067 and MMPI may be effective in suppressing invasiveness under both X-ray-irradiated and non-irradiated conditions.

title: X-ray irradiation and Rho-kinase inhibitor additively induce invasiveness of the cells of the XXXX , which exhibits @entity1319 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer line, MIAPaCa-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity9067 :: ('6093', 'Gene') :: ['ROCK inhibitor', 'ROCKI']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal-amoeboid transition']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['amoeboid motility']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer line, MIAPaCa-2']


abstract: @entity5 cells can migrate and invade tissue by two modes of motility: mesenchymal and amoeboid. X-ray or y-ray irradiation increases the invasiveness of @entity5 cells with mesenchymal motility through the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and this increase is suppressed by MMP inhibitors (MMPI). However, the effects of X-ray or y-ray irradiation on the invasiveness of @entity5 cells with @entity1319 remain unclear. We investigated the effect of irradiation on @entity1319 by using cells of the @entity1 @entity788 , which exhibits both modes of motility. The X-ray-induced invasiveness of MIAPaCa-2 cells was associated with the upregulation of @entity1476 at both the RNA and protein levels and was inhibited by @entity53127 treatment. Amoeboid-mesenchymal transition was slightly induced after irradiation. The MMPI treatment caused @entity361 without significant increase in invasiveness, while the @entity9067 ( @entity9067 ) stimulated amoeboid-mesenchymal transition and enhanced invasiveness under both non-irradiated and irradiated conditions. This @entity9067 -induced transition was accompanied by the upregulation of @entity1476 mRNA and protein. Exposure to both irradiation and @entity9067 further enhanced @entity1476 expression and had an additive effect on the invasiveness of MIAPaCa-2 cells. Additionally, exposure to MMPI led to significant suppression of both radiation-induced and the basal invasiveness of MIAPaCa-2 cells. This suggests that @entity9067 treatment, especially with concomitant X-ray irradiation, can induce invasion of @entity5 cells and should be used only for certain types of @entity5 cells. Simultaneous use of inhibitors, @entity9067 and MMPI may be effective in suppressing invasiveness under both X-ray-irradiated and non-irradiated conditions.

title: X-ray irradiation and Rho-kinase inhibitor additively induce invasiveness of the cells of the @entity788 , which exhibits XXXX .

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['mesenchymal and amoeboid motility']


abstract: Craniocervical @entity4066 is one of the most common causes of @entity64 in young @entity1 and is occasionally associated with neck manipulation. Identification of individuals at risk will guide risk management. Early recognition of dissection in progress will expedite medical intervention. Study aims were to identify risk factors and presenting features of craniocervical @entity4066 . Medical records of @entity1 from the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia aged  <= 55 years with radiographically confirmed or suspected @entity18208 , were retrospectively compared with matched controls with @entity64 from some other cause. Records were inspected for details of clinical features, presenting signs and symptoms and preceding events. Records of 47 dissection @entity1 (27 males, mean age 37.6 years) and 43 controls (22 males, mean age 42.6 years) were inspected. Thirty (64%) dissection @entity1 but only three (7%) controls reported an episode of mild mechanical @entity130 , including manual therapy, to the cervical spine within the preceding three weeks. Mild mechanical @entity130 to the head and neck was significantly associated with craniocervical @entity4066 (OR 23.53). Cardiovascular risk factors for @entity64 were less evident in the dissection group (<1 factor per case) compared to the controls (>3).

title: Risk factors and clinical features of craniocervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity18208 :: ('MESH:D020215', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral or internal carotid artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dissection']

answer: @entity4066 :: (MESH:D020217,Disease) :: ['arterial dissection']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) in evaluating @entity1 with @entity788 . METHODS: We undertook a retrospective review of all blunt @entity130 @entity1 admitted to the Chi-Mei Medical Center from January 2004 to June 2006. Every @entity1 underwent abdominal CT scan in emergency department and the CT scans were obtained with a four-slice helical CT. Diagnosis of a @entity660 in these @entity1 was by surgical observation or by CT findings. Radiographic @entity660 were classified as deep or superficial lesions. @entity75 were defined as the @entity1410 or lacerations >50% thickness of the pancreas. Superficial lesions were described as the @entity1410 or lacerations <50% thickness of the pancreas; pancreatic @entity4 ; and focal fluid accumulation around the pancreas RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 with @entity788 , fourteen males and five females, average age 40.6    21.4 years, were included. Most @entity1 (73.7%) with @entity788 had associated organ injuries. CT was performed in all @entity1 and laparotomy in 14 @entity1 . CT was 78.9% sensitive in detecting @entity788 . All deep pancreatic lesions revealed on CT required surgical treatment, and complication was discovered in two @entity1 undergoing delayed surgery. Superficial lesions were managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: Four-slice helical CT can detect most @entity788 and provide practical therapeutic guidance. Delayed operation might result in complications and is associated with prolonged hospital stays.

title: The efficacy of four-slice helical CT in evaluating XXXX : a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Deep lesions']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injuries', 'pancreatic injury']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is no consensus on the best regimen for the primary treatment of low-risk @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Two commonly used single-drug regimens were compared with respect to the proportion of @entity1 meeting the criteria for a complete response (CR) in a randomized phase III trial conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Eligibility was purposefully broad to maximize the generalizability of the results and included @entity1 with a WHO risk score of 0 to 6 and @entity1 with @entity3 (limited to lung lesions < 2 cm, adnexa, or vagina) or @entity1466 . RESULTS: Two hundred forty @entity1 were enrolled, and 216 were deemed eligible. Biweekly intravenous @entity4316 1.25 mg/m   was statistically superior to weekly intramuscular (IM) @entity1499 30 mg/m   (CR: 70% v 53%; P = .01). Similarly, in @entity1 with low-risk @entity1469 as defined before the 2002 WHO risk score revisions (risk score of 0 to 4 and excluding @entity1466 ), response was 58% and 73% in the @entity1499 and @entity4316 arms, respectively (P = .03). Both regimens were less effective if the WHO risk score was 5 or 6 or if the diagnosis was @entity1466 (CR: 9% and 42%, respectively). There were two potential recurrences; one at 4 months ( @entity4316 ) and one at 22 months ( @entity1499 ). Not all @entity1 completed follow-up. Both regimens were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The biweekly @entity4316 regimen has a higher CR rate than the weekly IM @entity1499 regimen in low-risk @entity1469 , a generally curable disease.

title: Phase III trial of weekly XXXX or pulsed @entity4316 for low-risk @entity1469 : a gynecologic oncology group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia', 'GTN']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is no consensus on the best regimen for the primary treatment of low-risk @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Two commonly used single-drug regimens were compared with respect to the proportion of @entity1 meeting the criteria for a complete response (CR) in a randomized phase III trial conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Eligibility was purposefully broad to maximize the generalizability of the results and included @entity1 with a WHO risk score of 0 to 6 and @entity1 with @entity3 (limited to lung lesions < 2 cm, adnexa, or vagina) or @entity1466 . RESULTS: Two hundred forty @entity1 were enrolled, and 216 were deemed eligible. Biweekly intravenous @entity4316 1.25 mg/m   was statistically superior to weekly intramuscular (IM) @entity1499 30 mg/m   (CR: 70% v 53%; P = .01). Similarly, in @entity1 with low-risk @entity1469 as defined before the 2002 WHO risk score revisions (risk score of 0 to 4 and excluding @entity1466 ), response was 58% and 73% in the @entity1499 and @entity4316 arms, respectively (P = .03). Both regimens were less effective if the WHO risk score was 5 or 6 or if the diagnosis was @entity1466 (CR: 9% and 42%, respectively). There were two potential recurrences; one at 4 months ( @entity4316 ) and one at 22 months ( @entity1499 ). Not all @entity1 completed follow-up. Both regimens were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The biweekly @entity4316 regimen has a higher CR rate than the weekly IM @entity1499 regimen in low-risk @entity1469 , a generally curable disease.

title: Phase III trial of weekly @entity1499 or pulsed @entity4316 for low-risk XXXX : a gynecologic oncology group study.

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is no consensus on the best regimen for the primary treatment of low-risk @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Two commonly used single-drug regimens were compared with respect to the proportion of @entity1 meeting the criteria for a complete response (CR) in a randomized phase III trial conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Eligibility was purposefully broad to maximize the generalizability of the results and included @entity1 with a WHO risk score of 0 to 6 and @entity1 with @entity3 (limited to lung lesions < 2 cm, adnexa, or vagina) or @entity1466 . RESULTS: Two hundred forty @entity1 were enrolled, and 216 were deemed eligible. Biweekly intravenous @entity4316 1.25 mg/m   was statistically superior to weekly intramuscular (IM) @entity1499 30 mg/m   (CR: 70% v 53%; P = .01). Similarly, in @entity1 with low-risk @entity1469 as defined before the 2002 WHO risk score revisions (risk score of 0 to 4 and excluding @entity1466 ), response was 58% and 73% in the @entity1499 and @entity4316 arms, respectively (P = .03). Both regimens were less effective if the WHO risk score was 5 or 6 or if the diagnosis was @entity1466 (CR: 9% and 42%, respectively). There were two potential recurrences; one at 4 months ( @entity4316 ) and one at 22 months ( @entity1499 ). Not all @entity1 completed follow-up. Both regimens were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The biweekly @entity4316 regimen has a higher CR rate than the weekly IM @entity1499 regimen in low-risk @entity1469 , a generally curable disease.

title: Phase III trial of weekly @entity1499 or pulsed XXXX for low-risk @entity1469 : a gynecologic oncology group study.

answer: @entity4316 :: (MESH:D003609,Chemical) :: ['dactinomycin']


abstract: Leptin acts in the brain to regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Leptin also increases renal sympathetic nerve activity and arterial pressure. The divergent signaling capacities of the @entity18070 (ObRb) mediate the stimulation of various intracellular pathways that are important for leptin control of physiological processes. We evaluated the cardiovascular and sympathetic consequences of disrupting the signal emanating from tyrosine985 of ObRb. For this, we used @entity18070 ) (l/l) @entity19 , which carry a loss of function mutation replacing tyrosine985 of ObRb with leucine. Body weight of l/l @entity19 was not significantly different from wild-type controls. In contrast, radiotelemetry measurements revealed that the l/l @entity19 had higher arterial pressure and heart rate as compared with controls. Ganglionic blockade caused a greater arterial pressure fall in the l/l @entity19 relative to controls. In addition, leptin treatment induced a larger increase in arterial pressure and heart rate in the l/l versus wild-type @entity19 . Finally, we compared the response of renal and brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity to intracerebroventricular injection of leptin (2  g) between l/l and control @entity19 . Leptin-induced @entity8 was greater in l/l @entity19 relative to controls. In contrast, the brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity response to leptin was attenuated in the l/l @entity19 relative to controls. These data indicate that selective loss of @entity18070 signaling emanating from tyrosine985 enhances the cardiovascular and renal sympathetic effects of leptin. These findings provide important insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying leptin's effects on the sympathetic cardiovascular function and arterial pressure.

title: Cardiovascular and sympathetic effects of disrupting tyrosine 985 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity']

answer: @entity18070 :: (16847(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['leptin receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity902 -based chemotherapy has become a standard treatment for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), its severe @entity137 limit clinical application and a new alternative regimen is required. The aim of this study was to assess efficacy, survival rate and @entity137 of @entity136 + @entity900 regimen (GP) versus @entity136 + @entity1206 regimen (GN) in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and three @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity1149 were enrolled into this study, and 52 @entity1 and 51 @entity1 were randomly divided into GP group and GN group respectively. @entity136 1000mg/m   on days 1 and 8 and @entity900 80mg/m   on day 1 were administered to @entity1 in GP group, while @entity136 1000mg/m   on days 1 and 8 and @entity1206 25mg/m   on days 1 and 8 were given to @entity1 in GN group. Both regimens were repeated every 3 weeks, no more than 6 cycles for each @entity1 . RESULTS: An objective response rate of 34.6% was observed in GP arm versus 27.5% in GN arm and 1-year survival rate was 68.8% in GP arm and 73.1% in GN arm with no significant difference in statistical analysis (P > 0.05). The median survival time was 19.5 months for GN arm and 14.4 months for GP arm. @entity1209 were the major dose-limiting @entity137 . The incidence of @entity1209 was significantly higher in GP arm than that in GN arm (51.9% vs 2.0%, P=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Both GP regimen and GN regimen are effective regimens when used in Chinese advanced @entity1149 @entity1 , however @entity1209 in GP regimen are significantly lower than that in GP regimen.

title: [A randomized clinical trial of @entity136 plus XXXX compared with @entity136 plus @entity1206 in the treatment of @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting', 'grade III+IV nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity902 -based chemotherapy has become a standard treatment for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), its severe @entity137 limit clinical application and a new alternative regimen is required. The aim of this study was to assess efficacy, survival rate and @entity137 of @entity136 + @entity900 regimen (GP) versus @entity136 + @entity1206 regimen (GN) in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and three @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity1149 were enrolled into this study, and 52 @entity1 and 51 @entity1 were randomly divided into GP group and GN group respectively. @entity136 1000mg/m   on days 1 and 8 and @entity900 80mg/m   on day 1 were administered to @entity1 in GP group, while @entity136 1000mg/m   on days 1 and 8 and @entity1206 25mg/m   on days 1 and 8 were given to @entity1 in GN group. Both regimens were repeated every 3 weeks, no more than 6 cycles for each @entity1 . RESULTS: An objective response rate of 34.6% was observed in GP arm versus 27.5% in GN arm and 1-year survival rate was 68.8% in GP arm and 73.1% in GN arm with no significant difference in statistical analysis (P > 0.05). The median survival time was 19.5 months for GN arm and 14.4 months for GP arm. @entity1209 were the major dose-limiting @entity137 . The incidence of @entity1209 was significantly higher in GP arm than that in GN arm (51.9% vs 2.0%, P=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Both GP regimen and GN regimen are effective regimens when used in Chinese advanced @entity1149 @entity1 , however @entity1209 in GP regimen are significantly lower than that in GP regimen.

title: [A randomized clinical trial of @entity136 plus @entity900 compared with @entity136 plus @entity1206 in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity902 -based chemotherapy has become a standard treatment for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), its severe @entity137 limit clinical application and a new alternative regimen is required. The aim of this study was to assess efficacy, survival rate and @entity137 of @entity136 + @entity900 regimen (GP) versus @entity136 + @entity1206 regimen (GN) in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and three @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity1149 were enrolled into this study, and 52 @entity1 and 51 @entity1 were randomly divided into GP group and GN group respectively. @entity136 1000mg/m   on days 1 and 8 and @entity900 80mg/m   on day 1 were administered to @entity1 in GP group, while @entity136 1000mg/m   on days 1 and 8 and @entity1206 25mg/m   on days 1 and 8 were given to @entity1 in GN group. Both regimens were repeated every 3 weeks, no more than 6 cycles for each @entity1 . RESULTS: An objective response rate of 34.6% was observed in GP arm versus 27.5% in GN arm and 1-year survival rate was 68.8% in GP arm and 73.1% in GN arm with no significant difference in statistical analysis (P > 0.05). The median survival time was 19.5 months for GN arm and 14.4 months for GP arm. @entity1209 were the major dose-limiting @entity137 . The incidence of @entity1209 was significantly higher in GP arm than that in GN arm (51.9% vs 2.0%, P=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Both GP regimen and GN regimen are effective regimens when used in Chinese advanced @entity1149 @entity1 , however @entity1209 in GP regimen are significantly lower than that in GP regimen.

title: [A randomized clinical trial of @entity136 plus @entity900 compared with @entity136 plus XXXX in the treatment of @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity902 -based chemotherapy has become a standard treatment for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), its severe @entity137 limit clinical application and a new alternative regimen is required. The aim of this study was to assess efficacy, survival rate and @entity137 of @entity136 + @entity900 regimen (GP) versus @entity136 + @entity1206 regimen (GN) in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and three @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity1149 were enrolled into this study, and 52 @entity1 and 51 @entity1 were randomly divided into GP group and GN group respectively. @entity136 1000mg/m   on days 1 and 8 and @entity900 80mg/m   on day 1 were administered to @entity1 in GP group, while @entity136 1000mg/m   on days 1 and 8 and @entity1206 25mg/m   on days 1 and 8 were given to @entity1 in GN group. Both regimens were repeated every 3 weeks, no more than 6 cycles for each @entity1 . RESULTS: An objective response rate of 34.6% was observed in GP arm versus 27.5% in GN arm and 1-year survival rate was 68.8% in GP arm and 73.1% in GN arm with no significant difference in statistical analysis (P > 0.05). The median survival time was 19.5 months for GN arm and 14.4 months for GP arm. @entity1209 were the major dose-limiting @entity137 . The incidence of @entity1209 was significantly higher in GP arm than that in GN arm (51.9% vs 2.0%, P=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Both GP regimen and GN regimen are effective regimens when used in Chinese advanced @entity1149 @entity1 , however @entity1209 in GP regimen are significantly lower than that in GP regimen.

title: [A randomized clinical trial of XXXX plus @entity900 compared with @entity136 plus @entity1206 in the treatment of @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity902 -based chemotherapy has become a standard treatment for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), its severe @entity137 limit clinical application and a new alternative regimen is required. The aim of this study was to assess efficacy, survival rate and @entity137 of @entity136 + @entity900 regimen (GP) versus @entity136 + @entity1206 regimen (GN) in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and three @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity1149 were enrolled into this study, and 52 @entity1 and 51 @entity1 were randomly divided into GP group and GN group respectively. @entity136 1000mg/m   on days 1 and 8 and @entity900 80mg/m   on day 1 were administered to @entity1 in GP group, while @entity136 1000mg/m   on days 1 and 8 and @entity1206 25mg/m   on days 1 and 8 were given to @entity1 in GN group. Both regimens were repeated every 3 weeks, no more than 6 cycles for each @entity1 . RESULTS: An objective response rate of 34.6% was observed in GP arm versus 27.5% in GN arm and 1-year survival rate was 68.8% in GP arm and 73.1% in GN arm with no significant difference in statistical analysis (P > 0.05). The median survival time was 19.5 months for GN arm and 14.4 months for GP arm. @entity1209 were the major dose-limiting @entity137 . The incidence of @entity1209 was significantly higher in GP arm than that in GN arm (51.9% vs 2.0%, P=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Both GP regimen and GN regimen are effective regimens when used in Chinese advanced @entity1149 @entity1 , however @entity1209 in GP regimen are significantly lower than that in GP regimen.

title: [A randomized clinical trial of @entity136 plus @entity900 compared with XXXX plus @entity1206 in the treatment of @entity1149 ].

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: @entity652 ( @entity652 ), also referred to as @entity1127 , has been proposed as a precursor lesion to microsatellite unstable @entity189 . However, the mechanism of stepwise progression from @entity652 to early @entity189 has been unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the histologic characteristics and possible role of @entity876 , @entity3546 , @entity817 , @entity984 , and @entity10160 in the development and progression of @entity652 . We analyzed 12 cases of @entity652 with @entity5 progression (SSAN), including 7 cases of intraepithelial @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and 5 cases of @entity189 , and compared them with 53 SSAs and 66 @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ) by immunohistochemistry and gene mutation analysis. Histologically, 75% (9 of 12) of SSANs showed tubular or tubulovillous growth patterns rather than serrated ones in the @entity189 component. All 5 SSANs with @entity189 lost their serrated structure and developed increased extracellular mucin in their @entity189 component, a consistent feature of @entity3079 . Nuclear accumulations of @entity3546 and @entity876 were observed in 50% (6 of 12) and 41.7% (5 of 12) of SSANs, respectively, and were exclusively present in @entity1893 / @entity189 areas. By contrast, neither nuclear @entity3546 nor @entity876 expressions were seen in @entity1127 or SSAs (P<0.0001). @entity817 mutations ( @entity8554 ) were observed in 45.8% (11 of 24) of @entity1127 , 60.9% (14 of 23) of SSAs, and 63.6% (7 of 11) of SSANs, and were equally found in both @entity652 and @entity189 / @entity1893 areas of the individual SSANs. @entity984 exon 1 mutations were uncommon in all 3 groups (4.2%, 4.4%, and 0%, respectively). No mutations of @entity10160 exon 9 or exon 20 were found in any cases that were examined. These findings suggest that @entity817 mutations may be associated with the pathogenesis of @entity652 , but progression to @entity1893 or early @entity189 may be associated with other factors, such as alterations of @entity876 and @entity3546 . In addition, our histologic observations suggest a possible close association between SSAN and @entity3079 .

title: XXXX with early @entity5 progression: a clinicopathologic and molecular study.

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['sessile serrated polyp', 'HPs', 'hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal invasive carcinoma', 'HGD/intramucosal carcinoma', 'submucosal carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['SSA', 'Sessile serrated adenoma']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Sessile serrated adenoma']


abstract: @entity652 ( @entity652 ), also referred to as @entity1127 , has been proposed as a precursor lesion to microsatellite unstable @entity189 . However, the mechanism of stepwise progression from @entity652 to early @entity189 has been unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the histologic characteristics and possible role of @entity876 , @entity3546 , @entity817 , @entity984 , and @entity10160 in the development and progression of @entity652 . We analyzed 12 cases of @entity652 with @entity5 progression (SSAN), including 7 cases of intraepithelial @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and 5 cases of @entity189 , and compared them with 53 SSAs and 66 @entity1127 ( @entity1127 ) by immunohistochemistry and gene mutation analysis. Histologically, 75% (9 of 12) of SSANs showed tubular or tubulovillous growth patterns rather than serrated ones in the @entity189 component. All 5 SSANs with @entity189 lost their serrated structure and developed increased extracellular mucin in their @entity189 component, a consistent feature of @entity3079 . Nuclear accumulations of @entity3546 and @entity876 were observed in 50% (6 of 12) and 41.7% (5 of 12) of SSANs, respectively, and were exclusively present in @entity1893 / @entity189 areas. By contrast, neither nuclear @entity3546 nor @entity876 expressions were seen in @entity1127 or SSAs (P<0.0001). @entity817 mutations ( @entity8554 ) were observed in 45.8% (11 of 24) of @entity1127 , 60.9% (14 of 23) of SSAs, and 63.6% (7 of 11) of SSANs, and were equally found in both @entity652 and @entity189 / @entity1893 areas of the individual SSANs. @entity984 exon 1 mutations were uncommon in all 3 groups (4.2%, 4.4%, and 0%, respectively). No mutations of @entity10160 exon 9 or exon 20 were found in any cases that were examined. These findings suggest that @entity817 mutations may be associated with the pathogenesis of @entity652 , but progression to @entity1893 or early @entity189 may be associated with other factors, such as alterations of @entity876 and @entity3546 . In addition, our histologic observations suggest a possible close association between SSAN and @entity3079 .

title: @entity652 with early XXXX progression: a clinicopathologic and molecular study.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplastic']


abstract: The progression of @entity11725 -induced @entity35 @entity788 ( @entity420 ) was characterised using quantitative and semiquantitative immunohistochemistry for @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ), basement membrane laminin (BML) and trypsinogen (TG). Samples were taken 5-20 months after initiation. High @entity1975 -labelling indices ( @entity1975 LIs) were measured 5 months after the induction of atypical acinar cell nodules (AACNs), which decreased later and stagnated until a further decline in the month 10 @entity652 . Then a second premalignant proliferative wave was observed (month 13) within the @entity652 stage. Later, in month 20 differentiated ACs @entity1975 LIs fell to the host tissue level but were found highest in the month 20 anaplastic ACs indicating a switch to malignant proliferation. Month 20 invasive ACs showed a number of separate proliferative foci. In early AACNs, BML decreased and remained low till the local maximum in the month 13 @entity652 . Invasive ACs did not express BML. Month 5 AACN and differentiated @entity420 were TG deficient but anaplastic @entity420 regained its TG expression. However invasive @entity420 was again TG negative. These results are discussed in combination with our previous data on progressional changes of autophagic capacity and microvessel densities.

title: Characterisation of the progression of @entity11725 -induced @entity35 XXXX by proliferative cell nuclear antigen, basement membrane laminin and trypsinogen immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity11725 :: ('CHEBI:74846', 'Chemical') :: ['azaserine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The progression of @entity11725 -induced @entity35 @entity788 ( @entity420 ) was characterised using quantitative and semiquantitative immunohistochemistry for @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ), basement membrane laminin (BML) and trypsinogen (TG). Samples were taken 5-20 months after initiation. High @entity1975 -labelling indices ( @entity1975 LIs) were measured 5 months after the induction of atypical acinar cell nodules (AACNs), which decreased later and stagnated until a further decline in the month 10 @entity652 . Then a second premalignant proliferative wave was observed (month 13) within the @entity652 stage. Later, in month 20 differentiated ACs @entity1975 LIs fell to the host tissue level but were found highest in the month 20 anaplastic ACs indicating a switch to malignant proliferation. Month 20 invasive ACs showed a number of separate proliferative foci. In early AACNs, BML decreased and remained low till the local maximum in the month 13 @entity652 . Invasive ACs did not express BML. Month 5 AACN and differentiated @entity420 were TG deficient but anaplastic @entity420 regained its TG expression. However invasive @entity420 was again TG negative. These results are discussed in combination with our previous data on progressional changes of autophagic capacity and microvessel densities.

title: Characterisation of the progression of XXXX -induced @entity35 @entity788 by proliferative cell nuclear antigen, basement membrane laminin and trypsinogen immunohistochemistry.

answer: @entity11725 :: (CHEBI:74846,Chemical) :: ['azaserine']


abstract: The progression of @entity11725 -induced @entity35 @entity788 ( @entity420 ) was characterised using quantitative and semiquantitative immunohistochemistry for @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ), basement membrane laminin (BML) and trypsinogen (TG). Samples were taken 5-20 months after initiation. High @entity1975 -labelling indices ( @entity1975 LIs) were measured 5 months after the induction of atypical acinar cell nodules (AACNs), which decreased later and stagnated until a further decline in the month 10 @entity652 . Then a second premalignant proliferative wave was observed (month 13) within the @entity652 stage. Later, in month 20 differentiated ACs @entity1975 LIs fell to the host tissue level but were found highest in the month 20 anaplastic ACs indicating a switch to malignant proliferation. Month 20 invasive ACs showed a number of separate proliferative foci. In early AACNs, BML decreased and remained low till the local maximum in the month 13 @entity652 . Invasive ACs did not express BML. Month 5 AACN and differentiated @entity420 were TG deficient but anaplastic @entity420 regained its TG expression. However invasive @entity420 was again TG negative. These results are discussed in combination with our previous data on progressional changes of autophagic capacity and microvessel densities.

title: Characterisation of the progression of @entity11725 -induced XXXX @entity788 by proliferative cell nuclear antigen, basement membrane laminin and trypsinogen immunohistochemistry.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate hemostatic variables in @entity1 according to different body mass index (BMI) values, and then correlate them with some metabolic parameters - fasting insulin and @entity413 , total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 and @entity1674 . Eighty-four female @entity1 aged 18-39 years were recruited, and agreed to participate in the study. The study group was divided into three subgroups according to BMI: low BMI (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; n = 43), normal-weight (control) (BMI 18.5-24.99 kg/m2; n = 21) and overweight/ @entity28 (BMI > 25 kg/m2; n = 20). BMI was calculated, and the following measurements were taken: International Normalized Ratio, antithrombin III, @entity3479 ) activity, @entity3479 -antigen, plasma fibrinogen level, factor VII, Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 activity and antigen and metabolic parameters: fasting insulin and @entity413 , total @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 and @entity1674 . The results were statistically analyzed. In the low BMI group, a negative correlation between fasting insulin and @entity2289 activity, and a positive correlation between fasting @entity413 and @entity2289 antigen were observed. Also, a strong negative correlation between @entity2289 activity and insulin/ @entity413 index was found. Plasma insulin levels were significantly lower in the low-BMI @entity1 than in the overweight/ @entity28 group (p < 0.001) and with no difference compared to the control group. We did not find any difference in fasting @entity413 level between all groups. HDL- @entity165 showed the highest levels in the normal BMI group and was significantly higher than in the low BMI and @entity28 groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). @entity2289 activity in the low BMI @entity1 revealed @entity2915 in comparison to control and overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Lower antigen levels were also shown as compared to both these groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Similar results were obtained with @entity3479 antigen levels (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). There were no differences in activity of @entity3479 in all groups. Obese @entity1 showed significantly higher fibrinogen levels than other BMI groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). Analysis of hemostatic variables in @entity1 with a low BMI testify to the impaired fibrinolysis in this group, also showing a strong correlation with @entity1735 metabolism.

title: Hemostatic variables, XXXX metabolism and lipid profile in @entity1 with low body mass index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increased activity']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate hemostatic variables in @entity1 according to different body mass index (BMI) values, and then correlate them with some metabolic parameters - fasting insulin and @entity413 , total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 and @entity1674 . Eighty-four female @entity1 aged 18-39 years were recruited, and agreed to participate in the study. The study group was divided into three subgroups according to BMI: low BMI (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; n = 43), normal-weight (control) (BMI 18.5-24.99 kg/m2; n = 21) and overweight/ @entity28 (BMI > 25 kg/m2; n = 20). BMI was calculated, and the following measurements were taken: International Normalized Ratio, antithrombin III, @entity3479 ) activity, @entity3479 -antigen, plasma fibrinogen level, factor VII, Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 activity and antigen and metabolic parameters: fasting insulin and @entity413 , total @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 and @entity1674 . The results were statistically analyzed. In the low BMI group, a negative correlation between fasting insulin and @entity2289 activity, and a positive correlation between fasting @entity413 and @entity2289 antigen were observed. Also, a strong negative correlation between @entity2289 activity and insulin/ @entity413 index was found. Plasma insulin levels were significantly lower in the low-BMI @entity1 than in the overweight/ @entity28 group (p < 0.001) and with no difference compared to the control group. We did not find any difference in fasting @entity413 level between all groups. HDL- @entity165 showed the highest levels in the normal BMI group and was significantly higher than in the low BMI and @entity28 groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). @entity2289 activity in the low BMI @entity1 revealed @entity2915 in comparison to control and overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Lower antigen levels were also shown as compared to both these groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Similar results were obtained with @entity3479 antigen levels (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). There were no differences in activity of @entity3479 in all groups. Obese @entity1 showed significantly higher fibrinogen levels than other BMI groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). Analysis of hemostatic variables in @entity1 with a low BMI testify to the impaired fibrinolysis in this group, also showing a strong correlation with @entity1735 metabolism.

title: Hemostatic variables, @entity1735 metabolism and lipid profile in XXXX with low body mass index.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cdk8 is a component of the mediator complex which facilitates transcription by RNA polymerase II and has been shown to play an important role in development of @entity4328 . This eukaryote feeds as single cells but starvation triggers the formation of a multicellular organism in response to extracellular pulses of @entity268 and the eventual generation of spores. Strains in which the gene encoding Cdk8 have been disrupted fail to form multicellular aggregates unless supplied with exogenous pulses of @entity268 and later in development, cdk8- cells show a defect in spore production. RESULTS: Microarray analysis revealed that the cdk8- strain previously described (cdk8-HL) contained genome duplications. Regeneration of the strain in a background lacking detectable gene duplication generated strains (cdk8-2) with identical defects in growth and early development, but a milder defect in spore generation, suggesting that the severity of this defect depends on the genetic background. The failure of cdk8- cells to aggregate unless rescued by exogenous pulses of @entity268 is consistent with a failure to express the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A. However, overexpression of the gene encoding this protein was not sufficient to rescue the defect, suggesting that this is not the only important target for Cdk8 at this stage of development. Proteomic analysis revealed two potential targets for Cdk8 regulation, one regulated post-transcriptionally ( @entity23051 dioxygenase (HPD)) and one transcriptionally (short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR1)). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis has confirmed the importance of Cdk8 at multiple stages of @entity4328 development, although the severity of the defect in spore production depends on the genetic background. Potential targets of Cdk8-mediated gene regulation have been identified in @entity4328 which will allow the mechanism of Cdk8 action and its role in development to be determined.

title: Targets downstream of Cdk8 in XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum', 'Dictyostelium']

entities_list: @entity23051 :: ('MESH:C010590', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate']

answer: @entity4328 :: (44689,Species) :: ['Dictyostelium']


abstract: @entity14342 1 produces a periplasmic protein with multiple toxic effects in vivo and in vitro. These include @entity2359 , @entity137 and enterotoxicity, as well as the ability to inhibit cell-free protein synthesis. The purified toxin is a protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 64 000. It is composed of one catalytically active A subunit (Mr = 32 000) that inhibits protein synthesis, and a complex of five B monomers (Mr approximately 6500 each). Studies using subunit-specific antibodies demonstrate that the B subunit mediates the binding of toxin to toxin receptors in the cell membrane. In a model system in HeLa cell culture, the surface membrane receptor has been shown to be a glycoprotein, most probably @entity2734 -linked, and to contain oligomeric beta 1----4 linked @entity4825 . Studies with metabolic inhibitors and agents that disrupt the cytoskeleton, and/or alter the pH and function of acidic cytoplasmic vesicles, provide indirect evidence that toxin is transported from the cell surface to the cell interior. This process is probably receptor-mediated endocytosis, since it is also inhibited by @entity4478 that prevent receptor-mediated uptake of other ligands in well-characterized systems. The toxic action in the HeLa cell is due to the subsequent inhibition of protein synthesis which results from catalytic inactivation of the 60S ribosomal subunit and the cessation of polypeptide chain elongation. Inhibition of protein synthesis by toxin produced subsequent to bacterial invasion of colonic epithelial cells could explain the destructive lesions found in @entity6835 . Although toxin can induce jejunal secretion in animal models, there is at present no clear explanation for the secretory response of the gut mucosa in @entity281 .

title: Shigella toxin and the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6835 :: ('MESH:D004405', 'Disease') :: ['shigellosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['shigella infection']

entities_list: @entity14342 :: ('622', 'Species') :: ['Shigella dysenteriae']

entities_list: @entity4825 :: ('MESH:D000117', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-D-glucosamine']

answer: @entity6835 :: (MESH:D004405,Disease) :: ['shigellosis']


abstract: Fundamental and clinical studies have been performed on the @entity10188 granules (combination of @entity115 ( @entity21830 ) and @entity798 ( @entity9103 ) in 2: 1 ratio) in the pediatric field. In bacteriological studies a potentiated antibacterial activity of @entity10188 was recognized against @entity21830 -resistant and beta-lactamase producing clinical isolates. The pharmacokinetics of the @entity10188 granules were studied at dose levels from 10 to 20 mg/kg. The peak serum concentrations of @entity21830 and CVA achieved approximately 1 hour after dosing were 4.29-9.55 micrograms/ml and 3.87-4.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. The serum half-life was found to be 0.90-1.31 hours for @entity21830 and 1.01-1.22 hours for CVA. Six-hour urinary excretion rates were 29.5-62.6% for @entity21830 and 12.6-37.9% for CVA. In the clinical studies, the @entity10188 granules were administered to 36 pediatric @entity1 (15 with @entity1729 , 10 with @entity293 and 11 with skin or soft tissue @entity281 , etc.) at dose levels of 30-50 mg/kg/day. Clinical results in all cases were excellent or good. In particular, good bacterial and clinical effects were obtained against @entity281 caused by beta-lactamase producing @entity21830 -resistant strains except @entity7100 1 strain. No adverse reactions or abnormal laboratory findings were recognized in any @entity1 .

title: [Experimental and clinical studies on @entity10188 ( XXXX - @entity115 ) granules in the pediatric field].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper and lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity798 :: (MESH:D019818,Chemical) :: ['clavulanic acid']


abstract: Fundamental and clinical studies have been performed on the @entity10188 granules (combination of @entity115 ( @entity21830 ) and @entity798 ( @entity9103 ) in 2: 1 ratio) in the pediatric field. In bacteriological studies a potentiated antibacterial activity of @entity10188 was recognized against @entity21830 -resistant and beta-lactamase producing clinical isolates. The pharmacokinetics of the @entity10188 granules were studied at dose levels from 10 to 20 mg/kg. The peak serum concentrations of @entity21830 and CVA achieved approximately 1 hour after dosing were 4.29-9.55 micrograms/ml and 3.87-4.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. The serum half-life was found to be 0.90-1.31 hours for @entity21830 and 1.01-1.22 hours for CVA. Six-hour urinary excretion rates were 29.5-62.6% for @entity21830 and 12.6-37.9% for CVA. In the clinical studies, the @entity10188 granules were administered to 36 pediatric @entity1 (15 with @entity1729 , 10 with @entity293 and 11 with skin or soft tissue @entity281 , etc.) at dose levels of 30-50 mg/kg/day. Clinical results in all cases were excellent or good. In particular, good bacterial and clinical effects were obtained against @entity281 caused by beta-lactamase producing @entity21830 -resistant strains except @entity7100 1 strain. No adverse reactions or abnormal laboratory findings were recognized in any @entity1 .

title: [Experimental and clinical studies on @entity10188 ( @entity798 - XXXX ) granules in the pediatric field].

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxicillin']


abstract: Fundamental and clinical studies have been performed on the @entity10188 granules (combination of @entity115 ( @entity21830 ) and @entity798 ( @entity9103 ) in 2: 1 ratio) in the pediatric field. In bacteriological studies a potentiated antibacterial activity of @entity10188 was recognized against @entity21830 -resistant and beta-lactamase producing clinical isolates. The pharmacokinetics of the @entity10188 granules were studied at dose levels from 10 to 20 mg/kg. The peak serum concentrations of @entity21830 and CVA achieved approximately 1 hour after dosing were 4.29-9.55 micrograms/ml and 3.87-4.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. The serum half-life was found to be 0.90-1.31 hours for @entity21830 and 1.01-1.22 hours for CVA. Six-hour urinary excretion rates were 29.5-62.6% for @entity21830 and 12.6-37.9% for CVA. In the clinical studies, the @entity10188 granules were administered to 36 pediatric @entity1 (15 with @entity1729 , 10 with @entity293 and 11 with skin or soft tissue @entity281 , etc.) at dose levels of 30-50 mg/kg/day. Clinical results in all cases were excellent or good. In particular, good bacterial and clinical effects were obtained against @entity281 caused by beta-lactamase producing @entity21830 -resistant strains except @entity7100 1 strain. No adverse reactions or abnormal laboratory findings were recognized in any @entity1 .

title: [Experimental and clinical studies on XXXX ( @entity798 - @entity115 ) granules in the pediatric field].

answer: @entity10188 :: (MESH:D019980,Chemical) :: ['BRL 25000']


abstract: AIM: To study the relationship between the radiological anatomy and the dynamics on bile duct sphincter in bile draining and regularizing effect of gallbladder. METHODS: Sixteen healthy @entity235 weighing 18 kg to 25 kg were divided randomly into control group and experimental group (cholecystectomy group). Cineradiography, manometry with perfusion, to effect of endogenous @entity8586 and change of ultrastructure were employed. RESULTS: According to finding of the choledochography and manometry, in control group the intraluminal basal pressure of cephalic cyclic smooth muscle of choledochal sphincter cCS was 9.0+/-2.0 mmHg and that of middle oblique smooth muscle of choledochal sphincter ( @entity17222 ) was 16.8+/-0.5 mmHg, the intraluminal basal pressure of cCS segment was obviously lower than that of @entity17222 (P<0.01) in the interval period of bile draining, but significative difference of intraluminal basal pressure of the @entity17222 segment was not found between the interval period of bile draining (16.8+/-0.5 mmHg) and the bile flowing period (15.9+/-0.9 mmHg) (P>0.05). The motility of cCS was mainly characterized by rhythmically concentric contraction, just as motility of cCS bile juice was pumped into the @entity17222 segment in control group. And motility of @entity17222 segment showed mainly diastolic and systolic activity of autonomically longitudinal peristalsis. There was spasmodic state in cCS and @entity17222 segment and reaction to endogenous @entity8586 was debased after cholecystectomy. The change of ultrastructure of cCS portion showed mainly that the myofilaments of cell line in derangement and mitochondria is swelling. CONCLUSION: During fasting, the cCS portion has a function as similar cardiac "pump" and it is main primary power source in bile draining, and @entity17222 segment serves mainly as secondary power in bile draining. The existence of the intact gallbladder is one of the important factors in guaranteeing the functional coordination between the cCS and @entity17222 of bile duct sphincter. There is dysfunction in the cCS and @entity17222 with cholecystectomy.

title: The study between the dynamics and the X-ray anatomy and regularizing effect of gallbladder on bile duct sphincter of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the clinical, radiological and microbiological properties of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) and to discuss methods needed to get the diagnosis. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 diagnosed as @entity378 between March 1998 and December 2001 at the Gastroenterology Department of Kartal State Hospital, Istanbul, @entity233 were evaluated prospectively. Complete physical examination, medical and family history, blood count erythrocyte sedimentation rate, routine biochemical tests, Mantoux skin test, chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography (USG) were performed in all cases, whereas microbiological examination of @entity843 , upper @entity344 , colonoscopy or barium enema, abdominal tomography, mediastinoscopy, laparoscopy or laparotomy were done when needed. RESULTS: The median age of @entity1 (14 females,17 males) was 34.2 years (range 15-65 years). The most frequent symptoms were @entity490 and @entity353 . Eleven @entity1 had active @entity1907 . The most common abdominal USG findings were @entity843 and @entity382 . Ascitic fluid analysis performed in 13 @entity1 was found to be exudative and acid resistant bacilli were present in smear and cultured only in one @entity1 with BacTec (3.2 %). Upper @entity344 yielded nonspecific findings in 16 @entity1 . Colonoscopy performed in 20 @entity1 showed @entity1066 in 9 (45 %), nodules in 2 (10 %) and, stricture, polypoid lesions, granulomatous findings in terminal ileum and rectal fistula each in one @entity1 (5 %). Laparoscopy on 4 @entity1 showed dilated bowel loops, thickening in the mesentery, multiple @entity1066 and tubercles on the peritoneum. @entity1 with @entity378 were divided into three groups according to the type of involvement. Fifteen @entity1 (48 %) had intestinal @entity378 , 11 @entity1 (35.2 %) had @entity17289 and 5 (16.8 %) @entity1600 . The diagnosis of @entity378 was confirmed microbiologically in 5 (16 %) and histo-pathologically in 19 @entity1 (60.8 %). The remaining nine @entity1 (28.8 %) had been diagnosed by a positive response to antituberculous treatment. CONCLUSION: Neither clinical signs, laboratory, radiological and endoscopic methods nor bacteriological and histopathological findings provide a gold standard by themselves in the diagnosis of @entity378 . However, an algorithm of these diagnostic methods leads to considerably higher precision in the diagnosis of this insidious disease which primarily necessitate a clinical awareness of this serious health problem.

title: A clinical dilemma: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity17289 :: ('MESH:D014395', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal TB', 'abdominal tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['abdominal tuberculosis']


abstract: Because of the omnipresence of @entity375 belonging to the species Candida it is not easy to distinguish between contamination and @entity281 in @entity1 (e.g. swabs from skin or mucous membranes). Antibody detection may be helpful for the diagnosis of severe @entity6923 . However, during early infancy most @entity1 produce Candida antibodies without the signs of @entity281 . Those basic antibody titers have to be considered when antibody determination becomes necessary to prove @entity6923 . Lowest titers against Candida were detected in the first year of life based on the decrease of the maternally transmitted antibodies. However, Candida colonization rates are most frequently detectable in this period. At the age of 10 years the antibody titers of adults are reached. The determination of one single titer does not justify any conclusion of @entity6923 because the antibody basic titers are widely scattered. @entity6923 still remain a more or less clinical diagnosis which can only be confirmed by the antibody titer dynamics.

title: [Antibody base titer against the XXXX fungus of the Candida family in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic Candida infections', 'acute systemic Candida infection', 'Candida infection']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Primary @entity8 is the most common form of @entity631 in Australia. The condition presents in a variety of ways, but commonly with synpharyngitic @entity811 , most often in young @entity1 in the third and fourth decades. The course of the disease is indolent but there is progression to @entity177 in up to one quarter of cases. Renal biopsy morphology is variable but the essential immunofluorescence finding is diffuse mesangial IgA staining of greater intensity but often in association with other immunoglobulins. C3 is usually also present. Mesangial cellularity is increased in some two-thirds of cases, one third being of a minor focal or variable extent and one-third diffuse. @entity628 , hyaline nodules and vascular changes are frequent. Crescents are also often present. The etiology of the disease is uncertain but has been linked with HLA antigens, elevated serum IgA levels, IgA polymers, immune complexes and @entity73 cell function. Secondary forms of mesangial IgA deposition occur with @entity33 , hyperglobulinemia or @entity73 hepatobiliary clearance, and these may offer some insight into the immunopathogenesis of the @entity66 .

title: XXXX --accumulated experience and current concepts.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired', 'impaired T']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['Focal segmental lesions']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal defects']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: Horizontal genetic exchange strongly influences the evolution of many bacteria, substantially contributing to difficulties in defining their position in taxonomic groups. In particular, how clusters of related bacterial genotypes - currently classified as microbiological species - evolve and are maintained remains controversial. The nature and magnitude of gene exchange between two closely related (approx. 15% @entity377 divergence) microbiologically defined species, @entity5363 and @entity6920 , was investigated by the examination of mosaic alleles, those with some ancestry from each population. A total of 1738 alleles from 2953 seven-locus housekeeping gene @entity5599 ( @entity5599 ) were probabilistically assigned to each species group with the model-based clustering algorithm structure. Alleles with less than 75% assignment probability to one of the populations were confirmed as mosaics using the structure linkage model. For each of these, the putative source of the recombinant region was determined and the allele was mapped onto a clonalframe genealogy derived from concatenated ST sequences. This enabled the direction and frequency of introgression between the two populations to be established, with 8.3% of @entity6920 clade 1 alleles having acquired @entity5363 sequence, compared to 0.5% for the reciprocal process. Once generated, mosaic genes spread within @entity6920 clade 1 by a combination of clonal expansion and lateral gene transfer, with some evidence of erosion of the mosaics by reacquisition of @entity6920 sequence. These observations confirm previous analyses of the exchange of complete housekeeping alleles and extend this work by describing the processes of horizontal gene transfer and subsequent spread within recipient species.

title: Introgression in the genus XXXX : generation and spread of mosaic alleles.

entities_list: @entity5599 :: ('MESH:D010855', 'Disease') :: ['sequence types', 'STs']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'C. jejuni']

entities_list: @entity6920 :: ('195', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter coli', 'C. coli']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter']


abstract: In this study the effect of local adenoviral-mediated delivery of inducible @entity842 synthase on restenosis was evaluated in a porcine coronary stented model. Local gene transfer of recombinant adenoviral vectors that encode @entity1 inducible @entity842 synthase (AdiNOS) was tested. Control vector (AdNull) lacked a recombinant transgene. Endoluminal delivery of 1.0 x 10(11) adenoviral particles was accomplished in 45 s using the Infiltrator catheter (Interventional Technologies, San Diego, CA). Coronary stents were deployed, oversized by a ratio of 1.2:1, in the treated segments immediately after gene transfer. Fourteen animals were sacrificed at day 28 to evaluate the effects of @entity3623 gene transfer on morphometric indices, and 4 animals were sacrificed at day 4 for detection of @entity1 @entity3623 expression by RT-PCR. @entity3623 mRNA was detected in six of eight @entity3623 -transferred arteries, whereas no expression of @entity1 @entity3623 was detected in the nontarget arteries. Morphometric analysis showed that @entity3623 transfer significantly reduced neointimal formation (3.41 +/- 1.12 mm(2) vs 2.14 +/- 0.68 mm(2), P < 0.05). We concluded that efficient intramural adenovirus-mediated @entity3623 transfer can be achieved by using Infiltrator catheters. @entity3623 gene transfer significantly reduces neointimal @entity1373 following stent injury.

title: Local adenoviral-mediated inducible XXXX synthase gene transfer inhibits neointimal formation in the porcine coronary stented model.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular beverages, consumed worldwide. The health promoting properties of tea have been attributed to its antioxidative polyphenolic constituents and their oxidative products. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemopreventive efficacy of a black tea infusion on @entity2985 induced colonic @entity1613 , the aberrant crypt foci in @entity35 . @entity35 were injected with @entity2985 (15mg/kg.b.w.) and received oral administration of 1% and 2% (w/v) tea infusions from the 1(st)day of carcinogen application. The treatment was continued for 12 weeks. The colons were then assessed for aberrant crypt foci and compared with the untreated carcinogen control group. In situ cell proliferation and in situ apoptosis were also estimated using Brdu incorporation and the TUNEL method, respectively. Aberrant crypt foci were reduced significantly (by 44% in the 1% tea-treated and by about 40% in 2% tea-treated group). Significant decrease in proliferation and increase in apoptosis suggest a possible interplay between the two processes resulting in inhibition of @entity694 by black tea.

title: Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis During XXXX Induced Colon Carcinogenesis by Black Tea.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

entities_list: @entity2985 :: ('MESH:D001397', 'Chemical') :: ['azoxymethane']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

answer: @entity2985 :: (MESH:D001397,Chemical) :: ['Azoxymethane']