abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether use of recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) during lumbar spinal fusion surgery affects subsequent risk of @entity788 . METHODS: Using US Medicare claims data, we performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 who underwent lumbar spinal fusion surgery between October 2003 and December 2005. The study population, all >66 years, was identified from procedure codes for lumbar fusion. Claims for a @entity6861 ( @entity6861 ) served as a proxy for rhBMP-2 exposure (another @entity6861 product shared the same code). @entity788 was identified from claims indicating this diagnosis and @entity5 -specific therapy. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs. RESULTS: Of the 93,654 @entity1 in the study, the mean age was 75 years, and 16.5% had claims for @entity6861 . During a mean 1.4 years of follow-up, 91 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity788 (eight in the @entity6861 - and 83 in the non- @entity6861 cohort). Consistent with previous research, @entity788 was associated with older age, male gender, black race, and @entity6 . Compared to those who did not receive @entity6861 , @entity1 exposed to @entity6861 were not at increased risk of @entity788 (adjusted HR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.34-1.45). A chart review substudy validated the exposure measure; 52/55 @entity1 with claims for @entity6861 received rhBMP-2. CONCLUSIONS: In this large study of elderly @entity1 who underwent lumbar fusion surgery, exposure to @entity6861 was not associated with an increased risk of @entity788 .

title: Recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 and XXXX : a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6861 :: ('649', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein', 'BMP']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether use of recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) during lumbar spinal fusion surgery affects subsequent risk of @entity788 . METHODS: Using US Medicare claims data, we performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 who underwent lumbar spinal fusion surgery between October 2003 and December 2005. The study population, all >66 years, was identified from procedure codes for lumbar fusion. Claims for a @entity6861 ( @entity6861 ) served as a proxy for rhBMP-2 exposure (another @entity6861 product shared the same code). @entity788 was identified from claims indicating this diagnosis and @entity5 -specific therapy. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs. RESULTS: Of the 93,654 @entity1 in the study, the mean age was 75 years, and 16.5% had claims for @entity6861 . During a mean 1.4 years of follow-up, 91 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity788 (eight in the @entity6861 - and 83 in the non- @entity6861 cohort). Consistent with previous research, @entity788 was associated with older age, male gender, black race, and @entity6 . Compared to those who did not receive @entity6861 , @entity1 exposed to @entity6861 were not at increased risk of @entity788 (adjusted HR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.34-1.45). A chart review substudy validated the exposure measure; 52/55 @entity1 with claims for @entity6861 received rhBMP-2. CONCLUSIONS: In this large study of elderly @entity1 who underwent lumbar fusion surgery, exposure to @entity6861 was not associated with an increased risk of @entity788 .

title: Recombinant @entity1 XXXX and @entity788 : a retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether use of recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) during lumbar spinal fusion surgery affects subsequent risk of @entity788 . METHODS: Using US Medicare claims data, we performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 who underwent lumbar spinal fusion surgery between October 2003 and December 2005. The study population, all >66 years, was identified from procedure codes for lumbar fusion. Claims for a @entity6861 ( @entity6861 ) served as a proxy for rhBMP-2 exposure (another @entity6861 product shared the same code). @entity788 was identified from claims indicating this diagnosis and @entity5 -specific therapy. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs. RESULTS: Of the 93,654 @entity1 in the study, the mean age was 75 years, and 16.5% had claims for @entity6861 . During a mean 1.4 years of follow-up, 91 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity788 (eight in the @entity6861 - and 83 in the non- @entity6861 cohort). Consistent with previous research, @entity788 was associated with older age, male gender, black race, and @entity6 . Compared to those who did not receive @entity6861 , @entity1 exposed to @entity6861 were not at increased risk of @entity788 (adjusted HR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.34-1.45). A chart review substudy validated the exposure measure; 52/55 @entity1 with claims for @entity6861 received rhBMP-2. CONCLUSIONS: In this large study of elderly @entity1 who underwent lumbar fusion surgery, exposure to @entity6861 was not associated with an increased risk of @entity788 .

title: Recombinant XXXX @entity1841 and @entity788 : a retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review is to stress the importance of @entity73 in @entity5 survivors, and to discuss the way of assessing and managing these troubles in clinical practice. METHOD: Original studies and reviews reporting the effect of @entity5 and chemotherapy on cognition and published since January 2000 were selected from the Medline(  ) database using 'cognition' or 'cognitive function' and ' @entity5 ' as subject headings. RESULTS: Main reports concerned @entity1 with @entity0 or @entity1 with @entity1313 . Overall, chemotherapy was found to be associated with subtle and transient @entity73 , which were detectable only with neuropsychological testing and affected most particularly memory, concentration and speed of information processing. Some factors associated with the @entity1 , like @entity308 , may favor @entity73 , while the role of others, like age or educational level, remains to be defined. Screening of @entity1 at risk remains limited due to the lack of standardized neuropsychological tests in clinical oncology practice. Few studies have addressed the benefits of interventional strategies but @entity2727 , @entity2728 and @entity1307 , as well as rehabilitation in @entity1 , have shown encouraging results. Formal studies assessing the value of a multidisciplinary approach to detect and manage @entity73 must be recommended. CONCLUSION: @entity73 induced by @entity5 or the treatment represents a real challenge in clinical practice. Based on limited published data, few clinical recommendations can be made regarding prevention, evaluation and management of this trouble. Longitudinal studies must be conducted to evaluate its real impact on quality of life.

title: @entity73 and XXXX : which consequences in terms of disease management?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['hematological or brain cancers']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunctions', 'cognitive impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction', 'Cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['modafinil']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review is to stress the importance of @entity73 in @entity5 survivors, and to discuss the way of assessing and managing these troubles in clinical practice. METHOD: Original studies and reviews reporting the effect of @entity5 and chemotherapy on cognition and published since January 2000 were selected from the Medline(  ) database using 'cognition' or 'cognitive function' and ' @entity5 ' as subject headings. RESULTS: Main reports concerned @entity1 with @entity0 or @entity1 with @entity1313 . Overall, chemotherapy was found to be associated with subtle and transient @entity73 , which were detectable only with neuropsychological testing and affected most particularly memory, concentration and speed of information processing. Some factors associated with the @entity1 , like @entity308 , may favor @entity73 , while the role of others, like age or educational level, remains to be defined. Screening of @entity1 at risk remains limited due to the lack of standardized neuropsychological tests in clinical oncology practice. Few studies have addressed the benefits of interventional strategies but @entity2727 , @entity2728 and @entity1307 , as well as rehabilitation in @entity1 , have shown encouraging results. Formal studies assessing the value of a multidisciplinary approach to detect and manage @entity73 must be recommended. CONCLUSION: @entity73 induced by @entity5 or the treatment represents a real challenge in clinical practice. Based on limited published data, few clinical recommendations can be made regarding prevention, evaluation and management of this trouble. Longitudinal studies must be conducted to evaluate its real impact on quality of life.

title: XXXX and @entity5 : which consequences in terms of disease management?

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive dysfunction']


abstract: The use of a single dose of antenatal @entity230 to facilitate fetal lung maturation in the expectant management of threatened preterm birth has significantly improved the mortality and morbidity of premature @entity1 worldwide. In some settings, the evidence for this practice has been extrapolated with self-reports of up to 6 repeated courses during the antepartum period. Concerns about the use of repeated antenatal courses prompted the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to publish a consensus statement (2000) that reaffirmed the safety and efficacy of a single course of antenatal @entity230 , but emphasized that there are no data to support the safety and efficacy of repeated courses. The statement cautions against the use of multiple courses outside of research protocols. Despite these recommendations, wide variations in clinical practice continue to exist. There are growing concerns about the potential deleterious effects of @entity134 exposure on the developing @entity1 brain. It is plausible, although not proven, that negative @entity245 may occur, or be compounded by multiple antenatal or combined antenatal and postnatal @entity134 exposures. This article provides a review of the evidence to support appropriate @entity134 use. The physiology and pharmacology of both endogenous and exogenous @entity230 are outlined to enhance the clinician's understanding of these potent agents. Recommendations for targeted clinical evaluation and short- and long-term follow-up of @entity134 exposed @entity1 are provided. A clear understanding of the known and potential risks and benefits of single and multiple courses of antenatal @entity230 is essential to prompt a critical re-examination of the safety and efficacy of repeated @entity134 exposure in the neonate.

title: Current controversies surrounding the use of repeated courses of antenatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental impact']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficiency of antitumor immunity induced by dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with total RNA of @entity189 cells was explored. METHOD: DCs, induced from @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were transfected with total RNA of @entity189 cells. The specific antitumor immunity of cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) that were actived by RNA-transfected DCs were detected by @entity98 methods in vitro. In vivo, antitumor-specific CTLs were subcutaneously injected into the @entity19 previously. After 7 days, the @entity189 cells were seeded and the @entity5 occurrence rate was observed. @entity5 -loaded @entity19 were treated by specific CTLs once (the treated group) or twice (the retreated group). The growth of the implanted @entity5 was observed too. RESULT: DCs that transfected with @entity5 RNA can significantly active CTLs which induced antitumor-specific immune response against @entity189 in vitro. In vivo, the @entity5 occurrence rate of the treatment group was predominantly reduced compared with that of the control (P < 0.01). The implanted @entity5 size of the treated and retreated groups were both significantly reduced (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) compared with the control too, especially the retreated ones (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The @entity5 RNA loaded DCs can significantly active CTLs and the antitumor specific CTLs can both induce antitumor specific immune response against @entity189 in vitro and inhibit the growth of the implanted @entity5 in vivo.

title: [Experimental studies on the antitumor immunity induced by total XXXX RNA- transfected dendritic cells].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate sensitivity encoding (SENSE) technique in a clinical setting for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in @entity1 who are suspected of having @entity1188 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This intraindividual comparative study included 62 @entity1 suspected of having @entity2806 . @entity1 underwent T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) (n = 62), T2-weighted @entity9468 ( @entity9468 ) (n = 48), and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (n = 27) with standard sequential and SENSE MR acquisitions with a 1.5-T magnet and phased-array coil. With SENSE, acquisition time was reduced from 1 minute 12 seconds to 35 seconds for FLAIR and from 1 minute 18 seconds to 39 seconds for T2-weighted @entity9468 imaging. For diffusion-weighted imaging, echo train length was shortened (78 vs 71 msec) to reduce susceptibility effects while acquisition time was maintained. Two radiologists scored quality of standard and SENSE images with a five-point scale and assessed presence of artifacts (motion, susceptibility) and lesion conspicuity. To assess statistical significance, Wilcoxon signed rank and chi2 tests were used. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in terms of image quality and presence of artifacts between standard and SENSE T2-weighted @entity9468 (image quality, P =.724; presence of artifacts, P =.378) and FLAIR (image quality, P =.127; presence of artifacts, P =.275) images. Image quality at SENSE diffusion-weighted imaging was scored significantly higher compared with that at standard diffusion-weighted imaging (P =.002). Susceptibility artifacts were significantly reduced at SENSE diffusion-weighted imaging when compared with those at standard diffusion-weighted imaging (P <.001). Conspicuity of 84 lesions was rated equivalent with both standard and SENSE protocols. CONCLUSION: SENSE allowed acquisition of T2-weighted @entity9468 and FLAIR images with image quality and lesion conspicuity that did not differ from those of standard acquisition techniques but in only half the acquisition time. Use of SENSE with diffusion-weighted imaging significantly reduces susceptibility artifacts while lesion conspicuity is maintained.

title: Sensitivity encoding for fast MR imaging of the brain in XXXX with stroke.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9468 :: ('MESH:D014717', 'Disease') :: ['turbo spin-echo', 'TSE']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ultrasound (US) and @entity7988 phonophoresis (PH) in the treatment of @entity923 ( @entity923 ). DESIGN: This study was a prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial with follow-up at 8 weeks. Fiftyone @entity1 (76 median nerves) with clinical and electrophysiologic evidence of mild or moderate @entity923 were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups; group 1 received sham US and splinting, group 2 received US and splinting, and group 3 received @entity7988 phonophoresis and splinting. @entity1 were evaluated by use of electrophysiological variables such as median motor distal latency (mMDL), median sensory distal latency (mSDL), functional status scale (FSS), symptom severity scale (SSS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Electrophysiological variables and scales were evaluated at the beginning, end of therapy (2nd week) and 8th week. RESULTS: All the randomised @entity1 were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. The per protocol (PP) analysis included only those @entity1 who complied with the study protocol. After completing 2 weeks of treatment, seven out of 51 randomized @entity1 did not finish the study protocol due to non-compliance to splinting, illness and lost to follow-up. Those @entity1 were excluded from PP analysis. @entity1 were similar in all clinical, electrophysiological and demographic respects (p>0.05). An improvement was found in all parameters (VAS, FSS, SSS, mMDL and mSDL) for all groups at the end of the treatment and 8th week. It was found that @entity158 score was significantly lower in group 3 compared to other treatment groups at 8th week according to ITT and PP analysis (p= 0.002, p=0.004 and p=0.001, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity7988 PH as adjuvant therapy on splinting is effective with respect to @entity158 . Adding US therapy to the splinting is not superior to the splinting alone in @entity1 with @entity923 .

title: Comparison of ultrasound and XXXX phonophoresis in the treatment of @entity923 .

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketoprofen', 'ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'reduction of pain']

answer: @entity7988 :: (MESH:D007660,Chemical) :: ['ketoprofen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ultrasound (US) and @entity7988 phonophoresis (PH) in the treatment of @entity923 ( @entity923 ). DESIGN: This study was a prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial with follow-up at 8 weeks. Fiftyone @entity1 (76 median nerves) with clinical and electrophysiologic evidence of mild or moderate @entity923 were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups; group 1 received sham US and splinting, group 2 received US and splinting, and group 3 received @entity7988 phonophoresis and splinting. @entity1 were evaluated by use of electrophysiological variables such as median motor distal latency (mMDL), median sensory distal latency (mSDL), functional status scale (FSS), symptom severity scale (SSS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Electrophysiological variables and scales were evaluated at the beginning, end of therapy (2nd week) and 8th week. RESULTS: All the randomised @entity1 were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. The per protocol (PP) analysis included only those @entity1 who complied with the study protocol. After completing 2 weeks of treatment, seven out of 51 randomized @entity1 did not finish the study protocol due to non-compliance to splinting, illness and lost to follow-up. Those @entity1 were excluded from PP analysis. @entity1 were similar in all clinical, electrophysiological and demographic respects (p>0.05). An improvement was found in all parameters (VAS, FSS, SSS, mMDL and mSDL) for all groups at the end of the treatment and 8th week. It was found that @entity158 score was significantly lower in group 3 compared to other treatment groups at 8th week according to ITT and PP analysis (p= 0.002, p=0.004 and p=0.001, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity7988 PH as adjuvant therapy on splinting is effective with respect to @entity158 . Adding US therapy to the splinting is not superior to the splinting alone in @entity1 with @entity923 .

title: Comparison of ultrasound and @entity7988 phonophoresis in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The sweetpotato whitefly, @entity3745 ) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an important pest of vegetables and many other crops worldwide. Eight biorational insecticides (based on oil, plant derivatives, insect growth regulator and fungus) were evaluated in the field for their influence on populations of six natural enemies of @entity3745 . Natural populations of two predators [Chrysoperla carnea Stephen (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)] and two genera of parasitoids [Encarsia spp. and Eretmocerus spp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)] were evaluated in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Also, augmented field populations of three predators [C. carnea, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Macrolophus caliginosus (Wagner) (Hemiptera: Miridae)] were evaluated in cabbage ( @entity5598 . capitata L.), @entity9688 ( @entity9688 .) and squash ( @entity22367 .). RESULTS: Regardless of natural enemy or crop, jojoba oil, Biovar and Neemix had the least effect on abundance of the natural enemies in comparison with the other insecticides during a 14 day evaluation period. Conversely, Admiral, KZ oil, Mesrona oil, Mesrona oil + @entity599 and natural oil had a high detrimental effect on abundance of the natural enemies. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the differential effects of biorational insecticides for whitefly control on predators and parasitoids in the field.

title: Populations of predators and parasitoids of XXXX (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) after the application of eight biorational insecticides in vegetable crops.

entities_list: @entity3745 :: ('7038', 'Species') :: ['Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius', 'B. tabaci']

entities_list: @entity5598 :: ('3712', 'Species') :: ['Brassica oleracea var']

entities_list: @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Species') :: ['cucumber', 'Cucumis sativus L']

entities_list: @entity22367 :: ('3663', 'Species') :: ['Cucurbita pepo L']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Species) :: ['Bemisia tabaci']


abstract: Two strains of aerobic acidophilic chemoorganotrophic bacteria designed strains AP8(T) and AP9 were isolated from acid mine drainage and acidic soil, respectively. These isolates were gram-negative, nonmotile cocci and coccobacilli measuring 0.5-0.8  m in diameter. Cells were capsulated. Colonies on solid media were pink colored. The pH range for growth was 3.0-6.0 (optimum pH 4.5). Sugars, @entity12742 , and some @entity1522 were good @entity505 and energy sources for growth. The main components of cellular @entity1718 were C(15:0) iso and C(16:1)   7c. @entity72728 was the major @entity3276 . The G+C content of genomic DNA was 59.5%. Both strains had identical sequences of 16S rRNA genes that were most closely related to that of the type strain of @entity72729 (96% similarity). There were major differences between the isolates and A. capsulatum in cell morphology, @entity505 nutrition, and @entity844 profiles. Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic data, we propose the name @entity17393 gen. nov., sp. nov. to accommodate the novel isolates. The type strain is AP8(T) (NBRC 107607(T), KCTC 23427(T)).

title: XXXX gen. nov., sp. nov., an acidophilic chemoorganotrophic bacterium belonging to the phylum Acidobacteria.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity72729 :: ('33075', 'Species') :: ['Acidobacterium capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity72728 :: ('MESH:C024223', 'Chemical') :: ['Menaquinone-8']

entities_list: @entity17393 :: ('MESH:D017515', 'Disease') :: ['Acidipila rosea']

entities_list: @entity12742 :: ('MESH:C030691', 'Chemical') :: ['gluconate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity17393 :: (MESH:D017515,Disease) :: ['Acidipila rosea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) pathway, such as @entity10412 , @entity984 , and @entity817 , with response to @entity470 -targeted antibodies is less well studied. AIM: To assess @entity2857 with cetuximab in treating metastatic @entity14 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Thirty-five @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 were randomized to receive cetuximab with or without oral @entity2857 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received cetuximab i.v. weekly for four weeks and oral @entity2857 twice daily on days 1-28, with recycling every four weeks. The primary end point was the response rate (partial and complete), while the secondary end points were the adverse effects, time to progression and overall survival. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: was made using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions, using SPSS 10.0, with estimation of both time to progression and overall survival time by the Kaplan-Meier method and comparing the two groups with the use of a log-rank test. RESULTS: Partial response was higher in cetuximab- @entity2857 (EN), which constituted 33.3% compared to 17.6% in the cetuximab group (P = 0.44). Progression-free survival had a statistically higher significant difference in wild @entity984 compared to mutant @entity984 cases (P = .0001). Median overall survival was seven and five months in the (EN) and (E) groups respectively (P = 0.49). CONCLUSION: @entity984 and @entity817 was a predictor of response, so genotyping of @entity5 was needed for defining the @entity1 population that was likely to benefit from the targeted therapy. A combination of therapy that simultaneously targets @entity984 and @entity817 could be a useful approach to increase the number of @entity1 who may benefit from anti- @entity470 therapy.

title: Role of cetuximab and @entity2857 in treatment of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptors', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship of @entity470 ( @entity470 ) pathway, such as @entity10412 , @entity984 , and @entity817 , with response to @entity470 -targeted antibodies is less well studied. AIM: To assess @entity2857 with cetuximab in treating metastatic @entity14 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Thirty-five @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 were randomized to receive cetuximab with or without oral @entity2857 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received cetuximab i.v. weekly for four weeks and oral @entity2857 twice daily on days 1-28, with recycling every four weeks. The primary end point was the response rate (partial and complete), while the secondary end points were the adverse effects, time to progression and overall survival. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: was made using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions, using SPSS 10.0, with estimation of both time to progression and overall survival time by the Kaplan-Meier method and comparing the two groups with the use of a log-rank test. RESULTS: Partial response was higher in cetuximab- @entity2857 (EN), which constituted 33.3% compared to 17.6% in the cetuximab group (P = 0.44). Progression-free survival had a statistically higher significant difference in wild @entity984 compared to mutant @entity984 cases (P = .0001). Median overall survival was seven and five months in the (EN) and (E) groups respectively (P = 0.49). CONCLUSION: @entity984 and @entity817 was a predictor of response, so genotyping of @entity5 was needed for defining the @entity1 population that was likely to benefit from the targeted therapy. A combination of therapy that simultaneously targets @entity984 and @entity817 could be a useful approach to increase the number of @entity1 who may benefit from anti- @entity470 therapy.

title: Role of cetuximab and XXXX in treatment of metastatic @entity14 .

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['sorafenib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To introduce a modified method for managing the distal ureter in laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) for @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this method. @entity1 AND METHODS:     Six consecutive @entity1 underwent LNU using a one-port pneumovesicum method for pathologically confirmed upper tract @entity1606 .     Each @entity1 was placed on the operating table in the lithotomy position and the pneumovesicum method was applied with @entity515 insufflation. Dissection was performed circumferentially through the entire detrusor muscle to disconnect the ureter from the bladder wall. A 10-mm trocar was placed into the bladder above the pubic bone. The distal ureter was occluded using a Hem-o-lok clip and pushed out of the bladder. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was then performed with the @entity1 in the lateral position.     After surgery, all six @entity1 received systemic chemotherapy and follow-up. RESULTS:     All procedures were performed successfully.     The median (range) operating time for the complete procedure was 105 (85-140) min, and the median (range) estimated @entity190 was 125 (60-230) mL.     Seven days after surgery, each @entity1 underwent cystography, which confirmed no extravasation of urine.     None of the @entity1 developed @entity150 recurrence or metastatic disease during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:     The one-port pneumovesicum method in LNU, which is applied to manage the distal ureter and bladder cuff, is technically feasible and safe.     The method simplifies management of the distal ureter, reduces the invasiveness of the procedure and improves cosmesis.

title: A one-port pneumovesicum method in en bloc laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection is feasible and safe for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumour']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['upper tract transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['upper tract transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obese adults struggle to make the changes necessary to achieve even modest @entity353 , though a decrease in weight by as little as 10% can have significant health benefits. Failure to meet @entity353 goals may in part be associated with barriers to @entity28 treatment. Wide-spread dissemination of evidence-based @entity28 treatment faces multiple challenges including cost, access, and implementing the programmatic characteristics on a large scale. AIMS: The PDA+: A Personal Digital Assistant for Obesity Treatment randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed to test whether a PDA-based behavioral intervention enhances the effectiveness of the existing group @entity353 treatment program at VA Medical Centers Managing Overweight/Obese Veterans Everywhere (MOVE!). We also aim to introduce technology as a way to overcome systemic barriers of traditional @entity28 treatment. METHODS/DESIGN: Veterans enrolled in the MOVE! group at the Hines Hospital VAMC with BMI >=  25 and  <= 40 and weigh < 400 pounds, experience @entity1118 (>=  4 on the NRS-I scale for >=  6 months prior to enrollment) and are able to participate in a moderate intensity exercise program will be recruited and screened for eligibility. @entity1 will be randomized to receive either: a) MOVE! treatment alone (Standard Care) or b) Standard Care plus PDA (PDA+). Those randomized to PDA+ will record dietary intake, physical activity, and weight on the PDA. In addition, they will also record mood and @entity158 intensity, and receive biweekly telephone support for the first 6-months of the 12-month study. All @entity1 will attend in- @entity1 lab sessions every three months to complete questionnaires and for the collection of anthropomorphic data. Weight loss and decrease in @entity158 level intensity are the primary outcomes. DISCUSSION: The PDA+ trial represents an important step in understanding ways to improve the use of technology in @entity28 treatment. The trial will address barriers to @entity28 care by implementing effective behavioral components of a @entity353 intervention and delivering high intensity, low cost @entity28 treatment. This RCT also tests an intervention approach supported by handheld technology in a population traditionally considered to have lower levels of technology literacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00371462.

title: PDA+: A Personal Digital Assistant for Obesity Treatment - an RCT testing the use of technology to enhance XXXX treatment for veterans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to @entity3407 compounds may result in adverse health effects. This study aims to investigate whether low-level @entity6596 ( @entity6596 ) exposure can cause DNA damage in electroplating workers. METHODS: 157 electroplating workers and 93 control subjects with no history of occupational exposure to @entity3407 were recruited in Hangzhou, China. @entity3407 levels in erythrocytes were determined by @entity15583 furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes was evaluated with the alkaline comet assay by three parameters: Olive tail moment, tail length and percent of DNA in the comet tail (tail DNA%). Urinary @entity7599 levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: @entity3407 concentration in erythrocytes was about two times higher in electroplating workers (median: 4.41  g/L) than that in control subjects (1.54  g/L, P < 0.001). The medians (range) of Olive tail moment, tail length and tail DNA% in exposed workers were 1.13 (0.14-6.77), 11.17 (3.46-52.19) and 3.69 (0.65-16.20), and were significantly higher than those in control subjects (0.14 (0.01-0.39), 3.26 (3.00-4.00) and 0.69 (0.04-2.74), P < 0.001). Urinary @entity7599 concentration was 13.65 (3.08-66.30)  g/g @entity1011 in exposed workers and 8.31 (2.94-30.83)  g/g @entity1011 in control subjects (P < 0.001). The differences of urinary @entity7599 levels, Olive tail moment, tail length and tail DNA% between these two groups remained significant (P < 0.001) even after stratification by potential confounding factors such as age, gender, and smoking status. @entity3407 exposure was found to be positively associated with @entity3407 levels in erythrocytes, urinary @entity7599 levels, Olive tail moment, tail length and tail DNA%. Positive dose-response associations were also found between @entity3407 levels in erythrocytes and Olive tail moment, tail length and tail DNA%. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study indicated that there was detectable @entity3407 exposure in electroplating workers. Low-level occupational @entity3407 exposure induced DNA damage.

title: Chronic occupational exposure to XXXX causes DNA damage in electroplating workers.

entities_list: @entity6596 :: ('MESH:C074702', 'Chemical') :: ['Cr(VI)', 'hexavalent chromium']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium', 'Chromium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity6596 :: (MESH:C074702,Chemical) :: ['hexavalent chromium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The relationship between the intra-operative concentration of parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) and the long-term outcome of @entity1 intervened due to @entity459 ( @entity459 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed with 120 @entity1 . Three determinations were made of @entity461 in blood: baseline, when the diseases gland was located, and 10 minutes after its extirpation. The @entity460 , @entity461 and @entity560 ( @entity14282 ) levels were measured during follow up. RESULTS: A decrease in IOPTH > 50% was observed in 96 (80%) @entity1 , and the post-extirpation value returned to the normal range (Group I), in 18 (15%) a decrease of > 50% but the final value remained higher than normal (Group II) and in 6 (5%) the decrease was<50% (Group III). Persistent @entity459 was detected during follow up in 6 @entity1 (5%): one in Group I (1%), 3 (16.7%) in II and 2 (33.3%) in group III (P<.001). The risk of persistent @entity459 was higher in Group II (odds ratio: 19; 95% CI: 1.85-194) and in Group III (odds ratio: 47; 95% CI: 3.53-639). There were no cases of recurrent @entity459 . A normal @entity460 with an increased @entity461 was detected in 20 @entity1 of Group I (20.8%), 11 (61.1%) in II and 3 (50%) in III (P<.001). These @entity1 had a lower concentration of post-operative @entity560 (17 ng/ml, range: 24; compared to 28 ng/ml, range: 21) (P=.008) and higher frequency of hypovitaminosis D (70.6% compared to 26.2%) (P>.001). CONCLUSION: The risk of persistent @entity459 is higher when the IOPTH decreases more than 50% but still remains high.

title: [Relationship between parathormone concentration during surgery and the post-operative outcome of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2698 and @entity2460 ( @entity4306 /SFT) are rare, closely related @entity242 with unpredictable behavior that respond infrequently to chemotherapy. An optimal systemic treatment strategy for advanced @entity4306 /SFT has not yet been identified. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 14 @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity4306 /SFT who were treated at The University of Texas @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center between May 2005 and June 2007. All @entity1 were treated with @entity2903 150 mg/m(2) orally on days 1-7 and days 15-21 and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg intravenously on days 8 and 22, repeated at 28-day intervals. Computed tomography assessment of @entity5 size and density (Choi criteria) was used to determine the best response to therapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression-free survival. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 34 months. Eleven @entity1 (79%) achieved a Choi partial response, with a median time to response of 2.5 months. Two @entity1 (14%) had stable disease as the best response, and 1 @entity1 (7%) had @entity74 as the best response. The estimated median progression-free survival was 9.7 months, with a 6-month progression-free rate of 78.6%. The most frequently observed toxic effect was myelosuppression. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with @entity2903 and bevacizumab is a generally well-tolerated and clinically beneficial regimen for @entity4306 /SFT @entity1 . Additional investigation in a controlled, prospective trial is warranted.

title: Activity of @entity2903 and bevacizumab in the treatment of locally advanced, recurrent, and metastatic @entity2698 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangiopericytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Choi progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['malignant solitary fibrous tumors']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['malignant solitary fibrous tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2698 and @entity2460 ( @entity4306 /SFT) are rare, closely related @entity242 with unpredictable behavior that respond infrequently to chemotherapy. An optimal systemic treatment strategy for advanced @entity4306 /SFT has not yet been identified. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 14 @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity4306 /SFT who were treated at The University of Texas @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center between May 2005 and June 2007. All @entity1 were treated with @entity2903 150 mg/m(2) orally on days 1-7 and days 15-21 and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg intravenously on days 8 and 22, repeated at 28-day intervals. Computed tomography assessment of @entity5 size and density (Choi criteria) was used to determine the best response to therapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression-free survival. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 34 months. Eleven @entity1 (79%) achieved a Choi partial response, with a median time to response of 2.5 months. Two @entity1 (14%) had stable disease as the best response, and 1 @entity1 (7%) had @entity74 as the best response. The estimated median progression-free survival was 9.7 months, with a 6-month progression-free rate of 78.6%. The most frequently observed toxic effect was myelosuppression. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with @entity2903 and bevacizumab is a generally well-tolerated and clinically beneficial regimen for @entity4306 /SFT @entity1 . Additional investigation in a controlled, prospective trial is warranted.

title: Activity of XXXX and bevacizumab in the treatment of locally advanced, recurrent, and metastatic @entity2698 and @entity2460 .

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2698 and @entity2460 ( @entity4306 /SFT) are rare, closely related @entity242 with unpredictable behavior that respond infrequently to chemotherapy. An optimal systemic treatment strategy for advanced @entity4306 /SFT has not yet been identified. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 14 @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity4306 /SFT who were treated at The University of Texas @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center between May 2005 and June 2007. All @entity1 were treated with @entity2903 150 mg/m(2) orally on days 1-7 and days 15-21 and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg intravenously on days 8 and 22, repeated at 28-day intervals. Computed tomography assessment of @entity5 size and density (Choi criteria) was used to determine the best response to therapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression-free survival. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 34 months. Eleven @entity1 (79%) achieved a Choi partial response, with a median time to response of 2.5 months. Two @entity1 (14%) had stable disease as the best response, and 1 @entity1 (7%) had @entity74 as the best response. The estimated median progression-free survival was 9.7 months, with a 6-month progression-free rate of 78.6%. The most frequently observed toxic effect was myelosuppression. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with @entity2903 and bevacizumab is a generally well-tolerated and clinically beneficial regimen for @entity4306 /SFT @entity1 . Additional investigation in a controlled, prospective trial is warranted.

title: Activity of @entity2903 and bevacizumab in the treatment of locally advanced, recurrent, and metastatic XXXX and @entity2460 .

answer: @entity2698 :: (MESH:D006393,Disease) :: ['hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Our goal was to develop a noninvasive, dynamic imaging method that would further the understanding of @entity135 ( @entity135 ) @entity5 growth and local spreading. We developed a novel orthotopic @entity19 model of @entity135 with a stable cell line expressing a red fluorescent protein gene to compare a molecular imaging @entity5 quantification with traditional caliper measurement. METHODS: An @entity135 -tdT stable cell line expressing the tdTomato gene was established, which were injected into the floor of the mouth of @entity19 . @entity5 growth was constantly monitored using molecular imaging for up to 35 days. The @entity5 were further evaluated by histologic examination. RESULTS: Established @entity5 consistently expressed fluorescent signals that were successfully imaged by molecular imaging during the study. Initial @entity5 development was detected earlier than caliper measurement would allow. The fluorescent signal quantities of @entity5 detected by the imaging correlated with the @entity5 sizes measured by calipers. CONCLUSIONS: This novel animal model represents an orthotopic @entity1 @entity135 model. The @entity5 can be detected earlier with molecular imaging than by conventional external caliper measurement. Unlike surgical measurement, the @entity5 can be quantified without disturbing the @entity5 environment. This model has significant potential for @entity135 oncologic research.

title: A novel orthotopic @entity19 model of XXXX with molecular imaging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Our goal was to develop a noninvasive, dynamic imaging method that would further the understanding of @entity135 ( @entity135 ) @entity5 growth and local spreading. We developed a novel orthotopic @entity19 model of @entity135 with a stable cell line expressing a red fluorescent protein gene to compare a molecular imaging @entity5 quantification with traditional caliper measurement. METHODS: An @entity135 -tdT stable cell line expressing the tdTomato gene was established, which were injected into the floor of the mouth of @entity19 . @entity5 growth was constantly monitored using molecular imaging for up to 35 days. The @entity5 were further evaluated by histologic examination. RESULTS: Established @entity5 consistently expressed fluorescent signals that were successfully imaged by molecular imaging during the study. Initial @entity5 development was detected earlier than caliper measurement would allow. The fluorescent signal quantities of @entity5 detected by the imaging correlated with the @entity5 sizes measured by calipers. CONCLUSIONS: This novel animal model represents an orthotopic @entity1 @entity135 model. The @entity5 can be detected earlier with molecular imaging than by conventional external caliper measurement. Unlike surgical measurement, the @entity5 can be quantified without disturbing the @entity5 environment. This model has significant potential for @entity135 oncologic research.

title: A novel orthotopic XXXX model of @entity135 with molecular imaging.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity9699 ( @entity9699 )-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis occurs in the context of @entity99 that can be accompanied by @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ). We tested the hypothesis that analysis of selected protein fractions from livers undergoing apoptosis will shed light on mechanisms that are involved in @entity99 that might be amenable to intervention. Proteomic analysis of the major insoluble liver proteins after @entity9699 exposure for 4-5 hours identified fibrinogen-y (FIB-y) dimers and FIB-y-containing high molecular mass complexes among the major insoluble proteins visible via Coomassie blue staining. Presence of the FIB-y-containing products was confirmed using FIB-y-specific antibodies. The FIB-y-containing products partition selectively and quantitatively into the liver parenchyma after inducing apoptosis. Similar formation of FIB-y products occurs after @entity1443 administration. The observed intrahepatic @entity5642 raised the possibility that heparin therapy may ameliorate @entity9699 -mediated @entity99 . Notably, heparin administration in @entity19 4 hours before or up to 2 hours after @entity9699 injection resulted in a @entity99 -including @entity548 , serum @entity493 aminotransferase, caspase activation, and liver apoptosis-compared with heparin-untreated @entity19 . Heparin did not directly interfere with @entity9699 -induced apoptosis in isolated hepatocytes, and heparin-treated @entity19 survived the @entity9699 -induced @entity99 longer compared with heparin-untreated animals. There was a sharp, near-simultaneous rise in @entity9699 -induced @entity66 , with @entity5642 remaining stable while apoptosis continued to increase. CONCLUSION: Formation of FIB-y dimers and their high molecular mass products are readily detectable within the liver during @entity19 apoptotic @entity99 . Heparin provides a potential therapeutic modality, because it not only prevents extensive @entity9699 -related @entity99 but also limits the extent of injury if given at early stages of injury exposure.

title: Fibrinogen-y proteolysis and solubility dynamics during apoptotic @entity19 XXXX : heparin prevents and treats liver damage.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic apoptosis and coagulation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['liver hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IC', 'intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['dramatic reduction of liver injury', 'liver injury', 'acute liver injury']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: @entity9699 ( @entity9699 )-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis occurs in the context of @entity99 that can be accompanied by @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ). We tested the hypothesis that analysis of selected protein fractions from livers undergoing apoptosis will shed light on mechanisms that are involved in @entity99 that might be amenable to intervention. Proteomic analysis of the major insoluble liver proteins after @entity9699 exposure for 4-5 hours identified fibrinogen-y (FIB-y) dimers and FIB-y-containing high molecular mass complexes among the major insoluble proteins visible via Coomassie blue staining. Presence of the FIB-y-containing products was confirmed using FIB-y-specific antibodies. The FIB-y-containing products partition selectively and quantitatively into the liver parenchyma after inducing apoptosis. Similar formation of FIB-y products occurs after @entity1443 administration. The observed intrahepatic @entity5642 raised the possibility that heparin therapy may ameliorate @entity9699 -mediated @entity99 . Notably, heparin administration in @entity19 4 hours before or up to 2 hours after @entity9699 injection resulted in a @entity99 -including @entity548 , serum @entity493 aminotransferase, caspase activation, and liver apoptosis-compared with heparin-untreated @entity19 . Heparin did not directly interfere with @entity9699 -induced apoptosis in isolated hepatocytes, and heparin-treated @entity19 survived the @entity9699 -induced @entity99 longer compared with heparin-untreated animals. There was a sharp, near-simultaneous rise in @entity9699 -induced @entity66 , with @entity5642 remaining stable while apoptosis continued to increase. CONCLUSION: Formation of FIB-y dimers and their high molecular mass products are readily detectable within the liver during @entity19 apoptotic @entity99 . Heparin provides a potential therapeutic modality, because it not only prevents extensive @entity9699 -related @entity99 but also limits the extent of injury if given at early stages of injury exposure.

title: Fibrinogen-y proteolysis and solubility dynamics during apoptotic XXXX @entity99 : heparin prevents and treats liver damage.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Obliterating @entity4065 of the lower limbs is a classic contraindication for @entity4848 , particularly the sural flap. But recent literature reports examples of its successful application in arteritic @entity1 . The aim of this work was to study the vascular anatomy of the sural flap in @entity1 suffering from @entity4065 and its possible clinical application. Twenty-four specimens of leg amputation were studied. The mean age of the amputated @entity1 was 68.5 years. The clinical signs of @entity4065 had been present for 3-16 years. In 10 cases amputation was carried out directly, in 14 cases after failed revascularization. The results of the dissection showed the theoretical possibility of a sural flap in almost all the cases (23 of 24) despite certain anatomical peculiarities. In the upper part of the leg the arterial network of the sural communicating nerve dominates that of the sural nerve; this should allow the use of a sural flap centered on this @entity455 . In the lower part, the arterial network of the sural communicating nerve is sustained by the perforators of the peroneal artery, then by the branches of the calcaneal artery, and finally by the lateral tarsal artery, which should allow the use of a sural flap with a very distal pedicle. The authors propose a theory which suggests that the progressive @entity4065 and the concomitant development of a supply network involving the vascularization of the sensory nerves induces the "anticipation" of a sural flap.

title: Sural flap vascularization in arteritic XXXX : an anatomic study of 24 amputation specimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['neurocutaneous islands flaps']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['evolution of arteriopathy', 'arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular axis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM:     Several health economic evaluations have explored the cost-effectiveness of endoscopic surveillance for @entity1 with non-dysplastic @entity355 , with conflicting results. By comparing results across studies and highlighting key methodological and data limitations a platform for future, more rigorous analyses, can be developed. METHODS:     A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies evaluating cost-effectiveness of surveillance for non-dysplastic @entity355 . Articles were included if they assessed both cost and health outcomes for surveillance versus no surveillance. A descriptive review was undertaken and the quality of the studies appraised against best-practice recommendations for economic evaluations and modeling studies. RESULTS:     Seven publications met the inclusion criteria. All used decision-analytic Markov models. Half of the evaluations found surveillance was not cost-effective. At best, surveillance produced improved outcomes at a cost of US 16   640 per quality-adjusted life-year, and at worst it did more harm than good and at a greater cost. The quality of the evaluations and generalizability to the Asia-Pacific region was diminished as a result of inadequate or inconsistent evidence supporting parameter estimates, such as quality of life, endoscopic sensitivity and specificity and @entity5 recurrence rates. CONCLUSIONS:     Unless newly emerging technologies improve the quality-adjusted survival benefit conferred by endoscopic surveillance, this strategy is unlikely to be cost-effective. Obsolete assumptions and incomplete analyses reduce the quality of published evaluations. For these reasons new evaluations are required that encompass the growing evidence base for new technologies, such as new endoscopic therapies for high-grade @entity1141 and @entity5 .

title: Is endoscopic surveillance for non-dysplastic XXXX cost-effective? Review of economic evaluations.

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2403 ( @entity2403 ) is a systemic @entity32 with a still unclear pathogenesis. Although several inflammatory molecules have been studied current biomarkers are largely insensitive in @entity2403 and unable to predict disease progression and response to treatment. Our primary aim was to explore serum levels of soluble @entity11603 (sCD40L), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ), leptin, resistin, @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ), soluble type 1 @entity5 necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and SAA serum concentration in a cohort of 27 @entity2403 @entity1 . The secondary aim was to evaluate potential correlations between the putative circulating biomarkers, demographic profile of @entity1 , the status of disease activity, the specific organ involvement at the time of sample collection and different therapeutic regimes. Serum concentrations of sTNFR (p=0.008), leptin (p=0.0011), sCD40L (<0.0001), and @entity650 (p=0.0154), were significantly higher in @entity2403 @entity1 than in HC, while no difference was found in @entity2842 , @entity3335 and resistin serum levels. Moreover, we observed significantly higher sTNFR serum concentrations in @entity2403 @entity1 presenting inactive disease than HC (p=0.0108). A correlation between sTNFR and age was also found, with higher levels in @entity1 over 40 years than HC (p=0.0329). Although further research is warranted to elucidate the role of circulating biomarkers, some of that may contribute to the understanding of the physiopathology processes underlying @entity2403 activity and damage as well as to provide useful tools for prognostic purposes and a personalized treatment approach. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Immunometabolic biomarkers of XXXX in Beh  et's disease: Relationship with epidemiological profile, disease activity and therapeutic regimes.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ['BD', "Behcet's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been used to knockdown specific gene expression in various cells. Astrocytes and microglial cells play a key @entity149 . The aims of this study were to determine the optimal concentration of siRNA demonstrating efficient transfection and inhibition of gene expression via RNA interference (RNAi) and lower @entity137 , in primary cultured astrocytes and microglial cells of @entity35 . METHODS: Astrocytes and microglial cells were isolated from the cerebral cortices of 2-day-old @entity35 . Both the cells were transfected using transfection reagent (Lipofectamine    2000), and @entity941 -labeled double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or siRNA targeting green fluorescent protein. Transfection efficiency and @entity137 of dsRNA, and the degrees of RNAi induced by siRNA in these cells, were evaluated at various concentrations of RNA. RESULTS: Transfection efficiencies of dsRNA in both astrocytes and microglial cells were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at the concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 nM than at the concentrations of 0, 5, and 10 nM. There were no significant cytotoxicities within the applied concentrations of dsRNA (0-80 nM). The degrees of RNAi induced by siRNA were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at the concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 nM, and 20, 40, 80 nM in astrocytes and microglial cells, respectively, compared with the control (0 nM). CONCLUSIONS: The siRNA concentration of 20 nM may be appropriate to induce RNAi in both astrocytes and microglial cells, while demonstrating low @entity137 , high transfection efficiency, and effective RNAi.

title: The optimal concentration of siRNA for gene silencing in primary cultured astrocytes and microglial cells of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['role in fundamental central nervous system functions and in chronic neuroinflammation']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity704 are @entity5 for which surgical resection is the first treatment of choice. The role of adjuvant treatment after surgery is unknown because of limited available data. The present study evaluated the efficacy of post-surgery adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity704 . METHODS: To evaluate the role of adjuvant therapy in @entity1 with @entity704 , we retrospectively reviewed the records of @entity1 with @entity704 who were diagnosed and treated between 2004 and 2014. RESULTS: Among 78 @entity1 with @entity704 , 30 @entity1 received surgical resection. Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were significantly longer among these @entity1 than among @entity1 who received other treatments (PFS: 88.4 months vs 9.1 months, p<0.001; @entity1349 : 134.9 months vs 60.9 months; p = 0.003). @entity1 with @entity5 who received surgery had a longer @entity1349 than @entity1 who did not receive surgery (70.1 months vs 23.9 months; p = 0.017, n = 11). Among 47 @entity1 with stage IV @entity189 , 12 @entity1 who received an extended thymothymectomy had a longer PFS than 35 @entity1 who did not receive surgery (18.9 months vs 8.7 months; p = 0.029). Among 30 @entity1 (with stage I- IV @entity189 ) who received primary lesion surgery, 19 @entity1 received an R0 resection and 9 @entity1 of the 19 @entity1 received adjuvant radiotherapy. These @entity1 had longer PFS (50.3 months) than 2 @entity1 who received adjuvant chemotherapy (5.9 months) or 4 @entity1 who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (7.5 months) after surgery (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection should be considered for @entity1 with @entity704 , even for @entity1 with locally advanced or stage IV @entity189 . Adjuvant radiotherapy resulted in a better PFS after R0 resection.

title: Adjuvant Therapy for XXXX - A Decade of Experience in a Taiwan National Teaching Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma', 'Thymic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rare tumors', 'stage III thymic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['Thymic Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goals of the current study were to describe patterns of @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) surveillance for @entity263 progression in a community-based cohort of @entity1 and to identify independent clinical and sociodemographic factors that predict the frequency of surveillance. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 from October 1, 1991 to December 31, 1992 in New Haven and Hartford, Connecticut, were identified. Data were collected through standardized outpatient medical record review. Multivariate statistical methods were used to determine the factors that independently predicted the frequency of surveillance. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity263 were included in the cohort. Forty-five percent of all @entity1 were tested at least once annually, and 69% were tested at least once every 2 years. Multivariate models indicated that African American @entity1 were half as likely as Caucasian @entity1 to receive annual testing (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.97). @entity1 diagnosed at age 70 years or older were 38% less likely to have annual testing than @entity1 diagnosed between the ages of 65 and 69 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.94). A higher Gleason score and @entity1486 at presentation also were associated independently with higher rates of annual @entity1486 surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Postdiagnosis @entity1486 surveillance is common, although not universal. African American @entity1 were at significantly greater risk for receiving less frequent testing compared with Caucasian @entity1 . This disparity in access to care may explain, in part, previously observed racial differences in survival in @entity263 . Further research is needed to identify the reasons for the racial disparity in @entity1486 surveillance and to design interventions to lessen these differences.

title: Race independently predicts XXXX testing frequency following a @entity263 diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate carcinoma', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goals of the current study were to describe patterns of @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) surveillance for @entity263 progression in a community-based cohort of @entity1 and to identify independent clinical and sociodemographic factors that predict the frequency of surveillance. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 from October 1, 1991 to December 31, 1992 in New Haven and Hartford, Connecticut, were identified. Data were collected through standardized outpatient medical record review. Multivariate statistical methods were used to determine the factors that independently predicted the frequency of surveillance. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity263 were included in the cohort. Forty-five percent of all @entity1 were tested at least once annually, and 69% were tested at least once every 2 years. Multivariate models indicated that African American @entity1 were half as likely as Caucasian @entity1 to receive annual testing (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.97). @entity1 diagnosed at age 70 years or older were 38% less likely to have annual testing than @entity1 diagnosed between the ages of 65 and 69 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.94). A higher Gleason score and @entity1486 at presentation also were associated independently with higher rates of annual @entity1486 surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Postdiagnosis @entity1486 surveillance is common, although not universal. African American @entity1 were at significantly greater risk for receiving less frequent testing compared with Caucasian @entity1 . This disparity in access to care may explain, in part, previously observed racial differences in survival in @entity263 . Further research is needed to identify the reasons for the racial disparity in @entity1486 surveillance and to design interventions to lessen these differences.

title: Race independently predicts @entity1486 testing frequency following a XXXX diagnosis.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of bolus-dose @entity3575 and @entity1363 to treat @entity428 in @entity1 with severe @entity131 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. SETTING: PICU in a university-affiliated @entity1 's hospital level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : Thirty-one @entity1 0-18 years of age with severe @entity131 (Glasgow Coma Scale score of  <= 8) who received bolus doses of @entity3575 and/or @entity1363 for treatment of @entity428 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The area under the curve from high-resolution intracranial pressure-time plots was calculated to represent cumulative intracranial @entity101 exposure: area under the curve for intracranial pressure above 20 mm Hg (area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 ) was calculated in 15-minute epochs before and after administration of @entity3575 and/or @entity1363 for the treatment of @entity428 . Our primary outcome measure, the difference between predrug and postdrug administration epochs (  area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 ), was calculated for all occurrences. We examined potential covariates including age, injury severity, mechanism, and time after injury; time after injury correlated with   area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 . In a mixed-effects model, with @entity1 as a random effect, drug/dose combination as a fixed effect, and time after injury as a covariate, intracranial @entity101 increased after administration of @entity3575 and/or @entity1363 (overall aggregate mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 = +17 mm Hg * min, 95% CI, 0-34 mm Hg * min; p = 0.04). The mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 increased significantly after administration of high-dose @entity3575 (p = 0.02), low-dose @entity1363 (p = 0.006), and high-dose @entity3575 plus low-dose @entity1363 (0.007). Secondary analysis using age-dependent thresholds showed no significant impact on cerebral perfusion pressure deficit (mean   area under the curve-cerebral perfusion pressure). CONCLUSIONS: Bolus dosing of @entity3575 and @entity1363 fails to reduce the intracranial @entity101 burden when administered for @entity428 . Paradoxically, we observed an overall increase in intracranial @entity101 burden following drug administration, even after accounting for within-subject effects and time after injury. Future work is needed to confirm these findings in a prospective study design.

title: @entity3575 and @entity1363 Are Ineffective in Reducing @entity428 in Severe Pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['episodic intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of bolus-dose @entity3575 and @entity1363 to treat @entity428 in @entity1 with severe @entity131 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. SETTING: PICU in a university-affiliated @entity1 's hospital level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : Thirty-one @entity1 0-18 years of age with severe @entity131 (Glasgow Coma Scale score of  <= 8) who received bolus doses of @entity3575 and/or @entity1363 for treatment of @entity428 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The area under the curve from high-resolution intracranial pressure-time plots was calculated to represent cumulative intracranial @entity101 exposure: area under the curve for intracranial pressure above 20 mm Hg (area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 ) was calculated in 15-minute epochs before and after administration of @entity3575 and/or @entity1363 for the treatment of @entity428 . Our primary outcome measure, the difference between predrug and postdrug administration epochs (  area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 ), was calculated for all occurrences. We examined potential covariates including age, injury severity, mechanism, and time after injury; time after injury correlated with   area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 . In a mixed-effects model, with @entity1 as a random effect, drug/dose combination as a fixed effect, and time after injury as a covariate, intracranial @entity101 increased after administration of @entity3575 and/or @entity1363 (overall aggregate mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 = +17 mm Hg * min, 95% CI, 0-34 mm Hg * min; p = 0.04). The mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 increased significantly after administration of high-dose @entity3575 (p = 0.02), low-dose @entity1363 (p = 0.006), and high-dose @entity3575 plus low-dose @entity1363 (0.007). Secondary analysis using age-dependent thresholds showed no significant impact on cerebral perfusion pressure deficit (mean   area under the curve-cerebral perfusion pressure). CONCLUSIONS: Bolus dosing of @entity3575 and @entity1363 fails to reduce the intracranial @entity101 burden when administered for @entity428 . Paradoxically, we observed an overall increase in intracranial @entity101 burden following drug administration, even after accounting for within-subject effects and time after injury. Future work is needed to confirm these findings in a prospective study design.

title: @entity3575 and @entity1363 Are Ineffective in Reducing XXXX in Severe Pediatric @entity131 .

answer: @entity428 :: (MESH:D019586,Disease) :: ['Episodic Intracranial Hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of bolus-dose @entity3575 and @entity1363 to treat @entity428 in @entity1 with severe @entity131 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. SETTING: PICU in a university-affiliated @entity1 's hospital level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : Thirty-one @entity1 0-18 years of age with severe @entity131 (Glasgow Coma Scale score of  <= 8) who received bolus doses of @entity3575 and/or @entity1363 for treatment of @entity428 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The area under the curve from high-resolution intracranial pressure-time plots was calculated to represent cumulative intracranial @entity101 exposure: area under the curve for intracranial pressure above 20 mm Hg (area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 ) was calculated in 15-minute epochs before and after administration of @entity3575 and/or @entity1363 for the treatment of @entity428 . Our primary outcome measure, the difference between predrug and postdrug administration epochs (  area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 ), was calculated for all occurrences. We examined potential covariates including age, injury severity, mechanism, and time after injury; time after injury correlated with   area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 . In a mixed-effects model, with @entity1 as a random effect, drug/dose combination as a fixed effect, and time after injury as a covariate, intracranial @entity101 increased after administration of @entity3575 and/or @entity1363 (overall aggregate mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 = +17 mm Hg * min, 95% CI, 0-34 mm Hg * min; p = 0.04). The mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 increased significantly after administration of high-dose @entity3575 (p = 0.02), low-dose @entity1363 (p = 0.006), and high-dose @entity3575 plus low-dose @entity1363 (0.007). Secondary analysis using age-dependent thresholds showed no significant impact on cerebral perfusion pressure deficit (mean   area under the curve-cerebral perfusion pressure). CONCLUSIONS: Bolus dosing of @entity3575 and @entity1363 fails to reduce the intracranial @entity101 burden when administered for @entity428 . Paradoxically, we observed an overall increase in intracranial @entity101 burden following drug administration, even after accounting for within-subject effects and time after injury. Future work is needed to confirm these findings in a prospective study design.

title: XXXX and @entity1363 Are Ineffective in Reducing @entity428 in Severe Pediatric @entity131 .

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['Fentanyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of bolus-dose @entity3575 and @entity1363 to treat @entity428 in @entity1 with severe @entity131 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. SETTING: PICU in a university-affiliated @entity1 's hospital level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : Thirty-one @entity1 0-18 years of age with severe @entity131 (Glasgow Coma Scale score of  <= 8) who received bolus doses of @entity3575 and/or @entity1363 for treatment of @entity428 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The area under the curve from high-resolution intracranial pressure-time plots was calculated to represent cumulative intracranial @entity101 exposure: area under the curve for intracranial pressure above 20 mm Hg (area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 ) was calculated in 15-minute epochs before and after administration of @entity3575 and/or @entity1363 for the treatment of @entity428 . Our primary outcome measure, the difference between predrug and postdrug administration epochs (  area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 ), was calculated for all occurrences. We examined potential covariates including age, injury severity, mechanism, and time after injury; time after injury correlated with   area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 . In a mixed-effects model, with @entity1 as a random effect, drug/dose combination as a fixed effect, and time after injury as a covariate, intracranial @entity101 increased after administration of @entity3575 and/or @entity1363 (overall aggregate mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 = +17 mm Hg * min, 95% CI, 0-34 mm Hg * min; p = 0.04). The mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity101 increased significantly after administration of high-dose @entity3575 (p = 0.02), low-dose @entity1363 (p = 0.006), and high-dose @entity3575 plus low-dose @entity1363 (0.007). Secondary analysis using age-dependent thresholds showed no significant impact on cerebral perfusion pressure deficit (mean   area under the curve-cerebral perfusion pressure). CONCLUSIONS: Bolus dosing of @entity3575 and @entity1363 fails to reduce the intracranial @entity101 burden when administered for @entity428 . Paradoxically, we observed an overall increase in intracranial @entity101 burden following drug administration, even after accounting for within-subject effects and time after injury. Future work is needed to confirm these findings in a prospective study design.

title: @entity3575 and XXXX Are Ineffective in Reducing @entity428 in Severe Pediatric @entity131 .

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['Midazolam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Open reading frames are common in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 5'UTRs of protein coding transcripts (uORFs). The question of whether those ORFs are translated was recently addressed by several groups using ribosome profiling. Most of those studies concluded that certain lncRNAs and uORFs are translated, essentially based on computational analysis of ribosome footprints. However, @entity3173 remain on the scope of translation and the translational status of individual ORFs. In consequence, further criteria are required to reliably identify translated ORFs from ribosome profiling data. RESULTS: We examined the effect of the translation inhibitors @entity72730 , @entity72731 and @entity5808 on @entity19 @entity2828 cell ribosome footprints. We found that @entity72730 , a drug that targets eIF4A, allows a far more accurate identification of translated sequences than previously used drugs and computational scoring schemes. Our data show that at least one third but less than two thirds of @entity2828 cell lncRNAs are translated. We also identified translated uORFs in hundreds of annotated coding transcripts including key pluripotency transcripts, such as dicer, @entity33387 , @entity72732 , and ctcf. CONCLUSION: @entity72730 inhibition data clearly increase the precision of the detection of translated ORFs in ribosome profiling experiments. Our data show that translation of lncRNAs and uORFs in @entity19 @entity2828 cells is rather common although less pervasive than previously suggested. The observation of translated uORFs in several key pluripotency transcripts suggests that translational regulation by uORFs might be part of the network that defines @entity1 stem cell identity.

title: XXXX -sensitive ribosome profiling reveals the scope of translation in @entity19 embryonic stem cells.

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin']

entities_list: @entity72730 :: ('MESH:C421324', 'Chemical') :: ['Pateamine A', 'pateamine A']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['major discrepancies']

entities_list: @entity72731 :: ('MESH:C062500', 'Chemical') :: ['harringtonine']

answer: @entity72730 :: (MESH:C421324,Chemical) :: ['Pateamine A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Open reading frames are common in long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 5'UTRs of protein coding transcripts (uORFs). The question of whether those ORFs are translated was recently addressed by several groups using ribosome profiling. Most of those studies concluded that certain lncRNAs and uORFs are translated, essentially based on computational analysis of ribosome footprints. However, @entity3173 remain on the scope of translation and the translational status of individual ORFs. In consequence, further criteria are required to reliably identify translated ORFs from ribosome profiling data. RESULTS: We examined the effect of the translation inhibitors @entity72730 , @entity72731 and @entity5808 on @entity19 @entity2828 cell ribosome footprints. We found that @entity72730 , a drug that targets eIF4A, allows a far more accurate identification of translated sequences than previously used drugs and computational scoring schemes. Our data show that at least one third but less than two thirds of @entity2828 cell lncRNAs are translated. We also identified translated uORFs in hundreds of annotated coding transcripts including key pluripotency transcripts, such as dicer, @entity33387 , @entity72732 , and ctcf. CONCLUSION: @entity72730 inhibition data clearly increase the precision of the detection of translated ORFs in ribosome profiling experiments. Our data show that translation of lncRNAs and uORFs in @entity19 @entity2828 cells is rather common although less pervasive than previously suggested. The observation of translated uORFs in several key pluripotency transcripts suggests that translational regulation by uORFs might be part of the network that defines @entity1 stem cell identity.

title: @entity72730 -sensitive ribosome profiling reveals the scope of translation in XXXX embryonic stem cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2633 is a common orthopedic problem. Rest, activity modification, and conservative therapies are generally efficacious in relieving symptoms in the majority of @entity1 ; however, a small percentage of @entity1 will experience refractory @entity158 and require surgical intervention to alleviate their discomfort. Surgical release of the common extensor origin can be done through an open, percutaneous, or arthroscopic approach. @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective study includes 33 @entity1 with chronic resistant @entity2633 who had received conservative treatment including modification of activity and 2 injections of 80  mg of @entity701 , for more than 6  months, aiming to compare two different techniques of treatment. The first group included 14 @entity1 with a mean age of 42  years treated by arthroscopic release of common extensor origin. The second group included 19 @entity1 with a mean age of 48  years treated by percutaneous tenotomy. The mean follow up was 12  months for the arthroscopic group and 10  months for the percutaneous tenotomy group. RESULTS: The results were evaluated according to the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and the visual analogue scale (VAS). In the first group (treated by arthroscopy), the average DASH score improved from 72 to 48 and the average VAS improved from 9.1 to 2. In the second group (treated by percutaneous tenotomy), the average DASH score improved from 70 to 50 and the average VAS improved from 9 to 2.1. Concerning @entity1 satisfaction after surgery, in the first group 7 @entity1 (50%) were pleased, 6 (42.85%) were satisfied and 1 case (7.14%) was not satisfied. In the second group, 7 @entity1 (36.84%) were pleased, 10(52.63%) were satisfied and 2 cases (10.52%) were not satisfied. CONCLUSION: Both arthroscopic and percutaneous release of the common extensor origin can be effective in treatment of @entity2633 . Arthroscopic treatment of @entity2633 gives more favorable results than percutaneous tenotomy. Although technically more difficult than percutaneous tenotomy, arthroscopy has the advantage of visualization of the pathology and much better improvement of elbow functions.

title: Arthroscopic versus percutaneous release of common extensor origin for treatment of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis', 'Lateral epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['tennis elbow']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended after an @entity583 ( @entity583 ) to reduce @entity63 events but is associated with increased rates of major and @entity548 . OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the incidence of post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) @entity548 that occurs on contemporary DAPT and its impact on quality of life (QOL). METHODS: We studied 9,290 @entity583 @entity1 treated with PCI and discharged alive between April 2010 and September 2012. Post-discharge @entity548 was categorized according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) definition. The primary outcome was the 6-month @entity7634 QOL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) index score (a measure of health utility); a secondary outcome was the EQ-5D visual analog scale (VAS) at 6 months. RESULTS: Of the 9,290 @entity1 with @entity583 , @entity548 events occurred as follows: any BARC @entity548 : 24.2%; BARC 1: 9.1%; BARC 2: 13.8%; BARC 3: 1.1%; BARC 4: 0.03%; and BARC 5: 0%. Those who experienced any BARC @entity548 had lower scores across all 5 EQ-5D domains (mobility, self-care, usual activities, @entity158 , and @entity148 ), as well as lower EQ-5D VAS and EQ-5D index scores. After clinical risk adjustment, any BARC @entity548 was independently associated with 6-month EQ-5D index score (p  < 0.0001) and lower QOL (p  < 0.001). Both the EQ-5D index and the VAS score declined in a stepwise fashion with increasing BARC severity. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 undergoing PCI for @entity583 , @entity548 during follow-up was associated with worse 6-month utility and QOL. Although even @entity548 was associated with @entity73 status and QOL, the degree of impairment increased in a stepwise fashion with @entity548 severity.

title: Impact of Bleeding on Quality of Life in XXXX on DAPT: Insights From TRANSLATE-ACS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'minor bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired health']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The correlation between an increased body mass index and @entity5 has been a topical subject matter of literature. The thesis examines whether for @entity1 with @entity5 of the @entity1062 the relation between the body cross section and the muscle mass at a particular spot at the abdomen is dislocated toward @entity2086 . @entity1 , MATERIALS, AND METHODS: CT examinations of 120 @entity1 with @entity5 have been compared to CTs of 60 @entity130 surgery @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: In thickness of the layer at the lowest point of the umbilicus the area of the total body cross section and the Mm. psoas majores were determined and their quotient was calculated. Furthermore, the thickness of the M. rectus abdominis and the Mm. obliquii abdominis have been determined at the broadest spot. RESULTS: The reproducibility of the measured data has been extremely high (kappa >0.9). There has been no significant difference in any of the examined parameters between the comparison group and the total @entity1 group. DISCUSSION: According to the literature, @entity1 with @entity5 of the @entity1062 on average show a higher body-mass-index (BMI) compared to a comparable group of equivalent age. The height of the umbilicus is a body region, where for adipose @entity1 the amplitude increases markedly, hence for reference measurement appropriate. On the basis of the outcome of this thesis, the most probable explanation for the BMI rise is @entity1017 at other body parts.

title: Is XXXX associated with increased muscle mass or adiposity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell cancer', 'testicular tumor', 'testicular germ cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular germ cell cancer']


abstract: @entity2023 ( @entity1984 ) is the commonest chronic disease in @entity1 . @entity2023 and its Impact on Asthma ( @entity6048 ) classification based on symptom duration (intermittent vs. persistent) and severity (mild vs. moderate/severe) has not been yet validated in @entity1 . Thus our objective was to validate @entity6048 classification in @entity1 , after determining the severity and duration of @entity1984 in a pediatric population, using @entity6048 definitions. @entity1 aged 6-12 with a diagnosis of @entity1984 were included in an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study. @entity1 were classified according to @entity6048 guidelines. AR symptoms were assessed using the Total Four Symptoms Score (T4SS). Severity was also evaluated by the @entity1 using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Comparisons were made by means of a statistical analysis. One thousand two hundred and seventy-five @entity1 from 271 centers were included. Among them, 59.5% had intermittent and 40.5% persistent @entity1984 , while 60.7% seasonal and 39.3% perennial according to dated classification, with significant differences existing between one classification and another; 89.7% had moderate/severe @entity2490 . Significantly higher T4SS and VAS scores were obtained in moderate/severe compared to mild @entity1984 . In our experience, the current @entity6048 classification can be considered a valid tool also in @entity1 from 6- to 12-yr old.

title: Validation of XXXX ( @entity2023 and its Impact on Asthma) classification in a pediatric population: the PEDRIAL study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'Allergic Rhinitis']

answer: @entity6048 :: (641700,Gene) :: ['ARIA']


abstract: @entity2023 ( @entity1984 ) is the commonest chronic disease in @entity1 . @entity2023 and its Impact on Asthma ( @entity6048 ) classification based on symptom duration (intermittent vs. persistent) and severity (mild vs. moderate/severe) has not been yet validated in @entity1 . Thus our objective was to validate @entity6048 classification in @entity1 , after determining the severity and duration of @entity1984 in a pediatric population, using @entity6048 definitions. @entity1 aged 6-12 with a diagnosis of @entity1984 were included in an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study. @entity1 were classified according to @entity6048 guidelines. AR symptoms were assessed using the Total Four Symptoms Score (T4SS). Severity was also evaluated by the @entity1 using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Comparisons were made by means of a statistical analysis. One thousand two hundred and seventy-five @entity1 from 271 centers were included. Among them, 59.5% had intermittent and 40.5% persistent @entity1984 , while 60.7% seasonal and 39.3% perennial according to dated classification, with significant differences existing between one classification and another; 89.7% had moderate/severe @entity2490 . Significantly higher T4SS and VAS scores were obtained in moderate/severe compared to mild @entity1984 . In our experience, the current @entity6048 classification can be considered a valid tool also in @entity1 from 6- to 12-yr old.

title: Validation of @entity6048 ( XXXX and its Impact on Asthma) classification in a pediatric population: the PEDRIAL study.

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['Allergic Rhinitis']


abstract: @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) is an @entity14827 characterized by progressive @entity2358 , @entity146 , and @entity73 . The use of @entity1773 ( @entity18885 ), a specific inhibitor of vesicular @entity1154 transporter, is approved for @entity4790 in @entity2033 @entity1 . We aimed to review the medical literature concerning the efficacy and tolerability of @entity18885 in the treatment of @entity2033 @entity1 and to report our personal experience about @entity18885 use in a cohort of @entity2033 @entity1 . We searched PubMed (1960 to July 2010) using the following keywords: " @entity1773 " + " @entity2033 + @entity4790 ". We included randomized controlled trials, open-label trials, and retrospective studies. We excluded case reports and studies conducted on fewer than 20 @entity1 . In addition, we retrospectively evaluated 2 years' follow-up of @entity18885 treatment on motor and cognitive performances and functional abilities in 28 @entity2033 @entity1 , compared with 10 @entity1 treated by other neuroleptics ( @entity51090 ). Only four papers fulfilled the requested criteria. In the first study, which included 84 randomized outpatients, @entity18885 showed a significant improvement of @entity4790 compared with placebo. In the open-label study extension, @entity18885 confirmed its efficacy on @entity4790 , with a frequent occurrence of withdrawals due to side effects. In a retrospective study of long-term efficacy, 63 @entity1 under @entity18885 therapy for an average period of 34 months showed a stable effect on @entity4790 , despite a slight reduction of effect over time. In a telephone survey conducted on a total of 118 @entity1 affected by different @entity717 , @entity18885 showed the most favorable effect for the 28 included @entity2033 @entity1 . Our @entity2033 @entity1 showed a slight deterioration of motor performances over time that was nonsignificant compared with @entity18885 or @entity51090 treatments. Despite the fact that the global effect of @entity18885 seems positive in @entity2033 , more attention on evaluating symptomatic treatments for @entity73 as well as @entity1957 would alleviate this @entity74 until a neuroprotective treatment becomes available.

title: Management of XXXX : role of @entity1773 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive and psychiatric deterioration']

entities_list: @entity51090 :: ('MESH:C084602', 'Chemical') :: ['clotiapine']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["huntington's disease", "Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor deterioration']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['devastating disorder']

entities_list: @entity1773 :: ('MESH:D013747', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrabenazine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington's disease']