abstract: The biological functions of RNA-protein complexes are, for the most part, poorly defined. Here, we describe experiments that are aimed at understanding the functional significance of @entity20435 RNA-coat protein binding, an interaction that parallels the initiation of viral RNA replication. Peptides representing the RNA-binding domain of the viral coat protein are biologically active in initiating replication and bind to a 39-nt 3'-terminal RNA with a stoichiometry of two peptides: 1 RNA. To begin to understand how RNA-peptide interactions induce RNA conformational changes and initiate replication, the @entity9624 RNA fragment was experimentally manipulated by increasing the interhelical spacing, by interrupting the apparent @entity377 symmetry, and by extending the binding site. In general, both asymmetric and symmetric insertions between two proposed hairpins diminished binding, whereas 5' and 3' extensions had minimal effects. Exchanging the positions of the binding site hairpins resulted in only a moderate decrease in peptide binding affinity without changing the @entity3787 radical footprint protection pattern. To assess biological relevance in viral RNA replication, the @entity377 changes were transferred into infectious genomic RNA clones. RNA mutations that disrupted coat protein binding also prevented viral RNA replication without diminishing coat protein mRNA (RNA 4) translation. These results, coupled with the highly conserved nature of the AUGC865-868 sequence, suggest that the distance separating the two proposed hairpins is a critical binding determinant. The data may indicate that the 5' and 3' hairpins interact with one of the bound peptides to nucleate the observed RNA conformational changes.

title: Spatial determinants of the XXXX coat protein binding site.

entities_list: @entity20435 :: ('12321', 'Species') :: ['alfalfa mosaic virus']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

answer: @entity20435 :: (12321,Species) :: ['alfalfa mosaic virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the incidence of stent-graft migration after @entity439 repair in a prospective multicenter trial and identified factors that may predispose to such migration. METHODS: All @entity1 who received treatment during the course of the multicenter AneuRx clinical trial were reviewed for evidence of stent-graft migration over 5 years, from 1996 to 2001. Post-deployment distance from the renal arteries to the proximal end of the stent graft and the proximal fixation length (length of the infrarenal neck covered by the stent graft) were determined in @entity1 for whom pre-procedure and post-procedure computed tomography scans were measured in an independent core laboratory. RESULTS: Stent-graft migration was reported in 94 of 1119 @entity1 , with mean time after device implantation of 30 +/- 11 months. Freedom from migration was 98.6% at 1 year, 93.4% at 2 years, and 81.2% at 3 years (Kaplan-Meier method). Subset (n = 387) analysis revealed that initial device deployment was lower in 47 @entity1 with migration, as evidenced by a greater renal artery to stent-graft distance (1.1 +/- 0.7 cm), compared with 340 @entity1 without migration (0.8 +/- 0.6 cm; P =.006) on post-implantation computed tomography scan. Proximal fixation length was shorter in @entity1 with migration (1.6 +/- 1.4 cm) compared with @entity1 without migration (2.3 +/- 1.4 cm; P =.005). There was significant variation in migration rate among clinical sites (P <.001), ranging from 0% to 30% (median, 8%), with a greater than twofold difference in migration rate between the lowest quartile (6%) and the highest quartile (15%) clinical sites. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that renal artery to stent-graft distance (P =.001) and proximal fixation length (P =.005) were significant predictors of migration, and that each millimeter increase in distance below the renal arteries increased risk for subsequent migration by 5.8% and each millimeter increase in proximal fixation length decreased risk for migration by 2.5%. @entity135 , neck diameter, degree of device oversizing, correct versus incorrect oversizing, device type (stiff vs flexible), placement of proximal extender cuffs at the original procedure, and post-procedure endoleak were not significant predictors of migration. Migration was treated with placement of extender modules in 23 @entity1 and surgical conversion in 7 @entity1 ; 64 @entity1 (68%) with migration have required no treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Stent-graft migration among @entity1 treated in the AneuRx clinical trial appears to be largely related to low initial deployment of the device, below the renal arteries, and short proximal fixation length. Significant variation in migration rate among clinical sites highlights the importance of the technical aspects of stent-graft deployment. Advances in intraoperative imaging and deployment techniques that have been made since completion of the clinical trial facilitate precision of device placement below the renal arteries and should increase proximal fixation length. Whether this, together with increased iliac fixation length, will result in lower risk for migration remains to be determined in long-term follow-up studies.

title: Stent graft migration after XXXX repair: importance of proximal fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Pre-implantation aortic neck length']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: Deficiencies in skeletal tissue repair and regeneration lead to conditions like @entity571 , @entity170 and @entity179 . While no cure for these conditions is available, the use of @entity1 bone marrow derived-mesenchymal stem cells (HuMSCs) has been shown to have potential for cell-based therapy. Furthermore, recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) could be used together with HuMSCs for in vivo or ex vivo gene therapy. Unfortunately, the poor transduction efficiency of these cells remains a significant obstacle. Here, we describe the properties of ultraviolet (UV) light-activated gene transduction (LAGT) with rAAV in HuMSCs, an advance toward overcoming this limitation. Using direct fluorescent image analysis and real-time quantitative PCR to evaluate enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene expression, we found that the optimal effects of LAGT with limited @entity137 occurred at a UV dose of 200 J/m(2). Furthermore, this UV irradiation had no effect on either the chondrogenic or osteogenic potential of HuMSCs. Significant effects of LAGT in HuMSCs could be detected as early as 12 h after exposure and persisted over 21 days, in a time and energy-dependent manner. This LAGT effect was maintained for more than 8 h after irradiation and required only a 10-min exposure to rAAV after UV irradiation. Finally, we show that the production of secreted @entity2535 protein from rAAV- @entity2535 -IRES-eGFP infected to HuMSCs is highly inducible by UV irradiation. These results demonstrate that LAGT combined with rAAV is a promising procedure to facilitate gene induction in HuMSCs for @entity1 gene therapy.

title: Light-activated gene transduction of recombinant adeno-associated virus in XXXX mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disc disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was to compare the efficacy of liquid-based cytology and conventional smears in the cytologic follow-up of cases with "atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude a high-grade lesion" (ASC-H) or "atypical glandular cells" (AGC). METHODS: Cytologic follow-up was performed on 214 cases with ASC-H/AGC diagnosis an conventional smears using either ThinPrep (n = 100) or conventional Papanicoloau ( @entity2786 ) tests (n = 114). Results were then compared with further histologic and/or cytologic follow-up. RESULTS: Repetition on conventional smears enabled a definite diagnosis (within normal limits [WNL], @entity2784 [ @entity2784 ] or @entity189 ) in 58 cases (50.9%). ASC/AGC was confirmed in 50 cases (43.9%), and 6 of the smears (5.3%) were inadequate. WNL, @entity2784 , or @entity189 was diagnosed in 82 (82.0%) cases by following the @entity1 with ThinPrep cytology, whereas ASC or AGC was confirmed in 18 cases (18.0%). No inadequate specimens were found. A diagnosis of @entity2784 or greater ( @entity2784 +) was confirmed histologically in 11 of 11 (100.0%) conventional smears and in 31 of 34 (91.2%) ThinPrep specimens. Of the 87 WNL specimens, 9 (8 conventional smears and 1 ThinPrep specimen) developed a histologically confirmed @entity2784 during further follow-up. Specimen adequacy was significantly better in the ThinPrep specimens compared with conventional smears. CONCLUSIONS: Because of better specimen adequacy, ThinPrep cervical cytology appears to significantly reduce the occurrence of ASC/AGC compared with conventional Pap smears.

title: ThinPrep versus conventional Papanicolaou smear in the cytologic follow-up of XXXX with equivocal cervical smears.

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesion', 'SIL']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity400 ( @entity400 ) is used as the first-line diagnostic test for lesions that require morphologic assessment in the authors' @entity0 screening program. A positive cytologic diagnosis is an indication to proceed to definitive surgery. Core biopsy is used if @entity400 is not diagnostic. In the context of increased use of core biopsy at other centers, the authors reviewed their experience with the cytologic assessment of highly suspicious microcalcifications. METHODS: Between January 1996 and June 2000, the dominant radiologic abnormality was classified prospectively as high-grade microcalcifications in 182 lesions. Data were recorded on @entity1 demographics, radiologic features, and the findings of @entity400 and core biopsy, if performed. The results of the screening assessment were then compared with the final histologic findings. RESULTS: Overall, 15.6% of all radiologically high-grade lesions were microcalcifications. The mean @entity1 age was 58.76 years. The lesions had a mean size of 38.49 mm (range, 5-200 mm), and 92.31% of high-grade microcalcifications proved to be malignant. Among the cases evaluated by @entity400 , a positive cytologic diagnosis of @entity5 was made in 70.93% of lesions, without any false-positive diagnoses and obviating the need for diagnostic core biopsy. @entity400 had a sensitivity of 77.22% and a positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 100%. When core biopsy was performed due to the absence of a positive cytologic diagnosis, it averted the need for open biopsy in 76% of lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Where there is access to skilled cytopathologists, @entity400 can provide a highly accurate, rapid, and cost-effective means of triage of @entity1 who would benefit most from the more expensive core biopsy.

title: The use of fine-needle aspiration cytology and core biopsy in the assessment of highly suspicious mammographic microcalcifications: analysis of outcome for 182 lesions detected in the setting of a population-based XXXX screening program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['FNAB', 'Fine-needle aspiration biopsy']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To look for associations between changes in LDL @entity165 and baseline characteristics of @entity1 receiving dietary therapy for @entity1007 . METHODS: Ninety-six @entity753 individuals aged 30-65 from three primary care clinics and a worksite clinic received counseling by a physician and/or a dietitian for lifestyle and dietary modifications. Baseline nutritional intake was evaluated using three-day food diaries. Lipoprotein levels were evaluated at six weeks and thereafter every three months for one year. Partial (adjusted) correlations (beta) were calculated between baseline parameters (demographic, anthropometric, nutritional and laboratory) and changes of LDL @entity165 for the short and long term (three and 12 months). RESULTS: The average LDL @entity165 level decreased by 6 +/- 10% (p < 0.001) at the end of 12 months. This reduction was positively correlated with baseline LDL @entity165 level (beta = +0.4, p = 0.001), and negatively correlated with the baseline BMI (beta = -0.2, p < 0.05) and saturated fat intake (beta = -0.3, p < 0.05). The differences between low and high subgroups of baseline LDL @entity165 , BMI and saturated fat intake became apparent only after six to twelve months of therapy and probably result from varying levels of adherence to the dietary regimen. A significant correlation was found between the change in LDL @entity165 after six weeks and the change in LDL @entity165 after 12 months (beta = 0.4, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The probability of successfully reducing LDL @entity165 with dietary therapy can be predicted by baseline LDL @entity165 level, BMI and saturated fat intake, as well as by the response to dietary changes within six weeks of therapy.

title: Dietary treatment of XXXX : can we predict long-term success?

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: @entity159 ( @entity159 ) is a frequent @entity16 associated with a significant risk of morbidity in survivors. Impairment of hippocampal-specific memory is a common and serious deficit occurring in many of the survivors. However, the pathophysiological basis of @entity73 after @entity159 is not clear. To directly address the cellular concomitants of spatial @entity2414 , we recorded the activity of place cells from @entity1249 in freely moving @entity35 subjected to @entity159 during early development and compared this activity to that in control @entity35 . Place cells discharge rapidly only when the @entity35 's head is in a cell-specific part of the environment called the "firing field." This firing field remains stable over time. Normal place cell function seems to be essential for stable spatial memory for the environment. We, therefore, compared place cell firing patterns with @entity227 in the water maze in @entity159 and control @entity35 . Compared with controls, place cells from the @entity159 @entity35 were less precise and less stable. Concordantly, the water maze performance was also impaired. There was a close relationship between precision and stability of place cells and water maze performance. In contrast, a single, acute, chemically induced @entity410 produced cessation of place cell activity and spatial @entity2414 in water maze performance that reversed within 24 hr. These results strongly bolster the idea that there is a relationship between abnormal place cells and spatial memory. Our findings also suggest that the defects in place cell and spatial memory after @entity159 and acute chemically induced @entity410 result from different processes.

title: XXXX -induced changes in place cell physiology: relationship to spatial memory.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-spatial memory']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological emergency']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'Status epilepticus']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Burn and @entity295 are associated with @entity99 and @entity5721 . This study examines the hypothesis that postburn treatment with the vasodilator @entity4770 would be beneficial for hepatic perfusion and oxygenation. METHODS: Female @entity1707 (n = 18, 20-25 kg) underwent laparotomy, during which ultrasonic flow probes were placed on the portal vein and the common hepatic artery. Catheters were inserted in the superior mesenteric and left hepatic veins. After 5 days, all animals were anesthetized and 12 of them received 40% total body surface area third-degree burn; 100 microg/kg @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intravenously administered 18 hours postburn. Burned animals were randomized to receive a constant infusion of iloprost (20 ng/kg per minute) or an equivalent amount of carrier solution (normal saline). All animals were studied for 42 hours. RESULTS: Burn caused a 2.5-fold increase in hepatic arterial vascular resistance (HAVR) and a 39% decrease in @entity99 ( @entity99 ). Postburn administration of iloprost did not improve the hepatic arterial hemodynamics (1.8-fold increase in HAVR and 38% decrease in @entity99 ). Post-LPS, @entity99 was significantly reduced to 22% of baseline and HAVR was 15-fold increased (P < 0.05 vs. baseline, ANOVA). In contrast, iloprost-treated animals did not show hepatic arterial vasoconstriction, as both @entity99 and HAVR remained baseline values during the endotoxic phase (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Postburn iloprost treatment yielded a significant improvement in post-LPS portal venous blood flow (PVBF, 79% of baseline vs. 45% of baseline in nontreated animals, P < 0.05, ANOVA). Portal venous pressure showed 16% and 56% increases after burn and endotoxin, respectively. @entity101 did not occur in iloprost-treated animals, as portal venous pressure remained within baseline range (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Burn and @entity5694 resulted in a significant decrease of hepatic @entity26 delivery (hDO2, 63% and 12% of baseline, respectively) and hepatic @entity26 consumption (hVO2, 61% and 21% of baseline, respectively). Only during the postburn endotoxic phase, iloprost improved hDO2 and hVO2 (140% and 79%, respectively; P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS: Postburn @entity4770 treatment appears to have no beneficial effects on hepatic perfusion early postburn. However, during the late postburn endotoxic phase, @entity4770 seems to significantly improve hepatic total blood flow and oxygenation. In addition, @entity4770 treatment attenuated burn- and endotoxin-induced portal @entity101 .

title: Opposite effects of @entity4770 on hepatic blood flow and XXXX consumption after burn and @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic arterial blood flow', 'HABF', 'hepatic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Burn and @entity295 are associated with @entity99 and @entity5721 . This study examines the hypothesis that postburn treatment with the vasodilator @entity4770 would be beneficial for hepatic perfusion and oxygenation. METHODS: Female @entity1707 (n = 18, 20-25 kg) underwent laparotomy, during which ultrasonic flow probes were placed on the portal vein and the common hepatic artery. Catheters were inserted in the superior mesenteric and left hepatic veins. After 5 days, all animals were anesthetized and 12 of them received 40% total body surface area third-degree burn; 100 microg/kg @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intravenously administered 18 hours postburn. Burned animals were randomized to receive a constant infusion of iloprost (20 ng/kg per minute) or an equivalent amount of carrier solution (normal saline). All animals were studied for 42 hours. RESULTS: Burn caused a 2.5-fold increase in hepatic arterial vascular resistance (HAVR) and a 39% decrease in @entity99 ( @entity99 ). Postburn administration of iloprost did not improve the hepatic arterial hemodynamics (1.8-fold increase in HAVR and 38% decrease in @entity99 ). Post-LPS, @entity99 was significantly reduced to 22% of baseline and HAVR was 15-fold increased (P < 0.05 vs. baseline, ANOVA). In contrast, iloprost-treated animals did not show hepatic arterial vasoconstriction, as both @entity99 and HAVR remained baseline values during the endotoxic phase (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Postburn iloprost treatment yielded a significant improvement in post-LPS portal venous blood flow (PVBF, 79% of baseline vs. 45% of baseline in nontreated animals, P < 0.05, ANOVA). Portal venous pressure showed 16% and 56% increases after burn and endotoxin, respectively. @entity101 did not occur in iloprost-treated animals, as portal venous pressure remained within baseline range (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Burn and @entity5694 resulted in a significant decrease of hepatic @entity26 delivery (hDO2, 63% and 12% of baseline, respectively) and hepatic @entity26 consumption (hVO2, 61% and 21% of baseline, respectively). Only during the postburn endotoxic phase, iloprost improved hDO2 and hVO2 (140% and 79%, respectively; P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS: Postburn @entity4770 treatment appears to have no beneficial effects on hepatic perfusion early postburn. However, during the late postburn endotoxic phase, @entity4770 seems to significantly improve hepatic total blood flow and oxygenation. In addition, @entity4770 treatment attenuated burn- and endotoxin-induced portal @entity101 .

title: Opposite effects of XXXX on hepatic blood flow and @entity26 consumption after burn and @entity295 .

answer: @entity4770 :: (MESH:D011464,Chemical) :: ['prostacyclin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Burn and @entity295 are associated with @entity99 and @entity5721 . This study examines the hypothesis that postburn treatment with the vasodilator @entity4770 would be beneficial for hepatic perfusion and oxygenation. METHODS: Female @entity1707 (n = 18, 20-25 kg) underwent laparotomy, during which ultrasonic flow probes were placed on the portal vein and the common hepatic artery. Catheters were inserted in the superior mesenteric and left hepatic veins. After 5 days, all animals were anesthetized and 12 of them received 40% total body surface area third-degree burn; 100 microg/kg @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intravenously administered 18 hours postburn. Burned animals were randomized to receive a constant infusion of iloprost (20 ng/kg per minute) or an equivalent amount of carrier solution (normal saline). All animals were studied for 42 hours. RESULTS: Burn caused a 2.5-fold increase in hepatic arterial vascular resistance (HAVR) and a 39% decrease in @entity99 ( @entity99 ). Postburn administration of iloprost did not improve the hepatic arterial hemodynamics (1.8-fold increase in HAVR and 38% decrease in @entity99 ). Post-LPS, @entity99 was significantly reduced to 22% of baseline and HAVR was 15-fold increased (P < 0.05 vs. baseline, ANOVA). In contrast, iloprost-treated animals did not show hepatic arterial vasoconstriction, as both @entity99 and HAVR remained baseline values during the endotoxic phase (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Postburn iloprost treatment yielded a significant improvement in post-LPS portal venous blood flow (PVBF, 79% of baseline vs. 45% of baseline in nontreated animals, P < 0.05, ANOVA). Portal venous pressure showed 16% and 56% increases after burn and endotoxin, respectively. @entity101 did not occur in iloprost-treated animals, as portal venous pressure remained within baseline range (P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). Burn and @entity5694 resulted in a significant decrease of hepatic @entity26 delivery (hDO2, 63% and 12% of baseline, respectively) and hepatic @entity26 consumption (hVO2, 61% and 21% of baseline, respectively). Only during the postburn endotoxic phase, iloprost improved hDO2 and hVO2 (140% and 79%, respectively; P < 0.05 vs. nontreated group, ANOVA). CONCLUSIONS: Postburn @entity4770 treatment appears to have no beneficial effects on hepatic perfusion early postburn. However, during the late postburn endotoxic phase, @entity4770 seems to significantly improve hepatic total blood flow and oxygenation. In addition, @entity4770 treatment attenuated burn- and endotoxin-induced portal @entity101 .

title: Opposite effects of @entity4770 on hepatic blood flow and @entity26 consumption after burn and XXXX .

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify prognostic factors and treatment @entity137 in a series of operable stages IB and II cervical @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between May 1972 and January 1994, 414 @entity1 (pts) with @entity2622 staged according to the 1995 FIGO staging system underwent radical hysterectomy with (n = 380) or without (n = 34) bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Lateral ovarian transposition to preserve ovarian function was performed on 12 pts. The methods of radiation therapy (RT) were not randomised and depended on the usual practices of the surgical teams. Group I: 168 pts received postoperative RT (64 pts received vaginal brachytherapy alone [ @entity348 ( @entity348 ): 50 Gy], 93 pts had external beam pelvis RT (EBPRT) [ @entity348 : 45 Gy over 5 weeks] followed by vaginal brachytherapy [ @entity348 : 20 Gy], and 11 pts had EBPRT alone [ @entity348 : 50 Gy over 6 weeks]. Group II: 246 pts received preoperative utero-vaginal brachytherapy [ @entity348 : 65 Gy], and 32 of theses 246 pts also received postoperative EBPRT [ @entity348 : 45 Gy over 5 weeks] delivered to the parametric and the pelvic lymph nodes with a midline pelvic shield. The mean follow-up was 106 months. RESULTS: The 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 80%. From 75 recurrences, 35 were isolated locoregional. Multivariate analysis showed that independent factors decreasing the probability of DFS were: both exo and endocervical @entity5 site (p = 0.047), lymph-vascular space invasion (p = 0.041), age < or = 51 yr (p = 0.013), 1995 FIGO staging system (stage @entity3846 vs stage IIA, p = 0.004, stage @entity3846 vs stage @entity3847 , p = 0.0009, and stage @entity3846 vs stage IIB with 1/3 proximal parametrical infiltration, p = 0.00002), and histological pelvic involved lymph nodes (p = 0.00009). Methods of adjuvant RT did not influence the probability of DFS (group I vs group II, p = 0.10). The postoperative complication rate was 10.2% in group I and 8.9% in group II (p = 0.7) but the postoperative urethral complication rate necessitating surgical intervention with reimplantation was lower in group I than in group II (0.6% vs 2.3%, respectively, p = 0.03). The 10-year rate for grade 3 and 4 late radiation complications according to the LENT-SOMA scoring system was 10.4%. EPRT significantly increased the 10-year rate for grade 3 and 4 late radiation complications (yes vs no: 22% vs 7%, respectively, p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: In our series, the methods of adjuvant RT (primary surgery vs preoperative uterovaginal brachytherapy) do not seem to influence the prognosis of the stage IB, IIA, and IIB (with 1/3 proximal parametrical involvement only) cervical @entity189 . The postoperative EPRT applied according to histopathological risk factors after surgical treatment increases the risk of late radiation complications.

title: [Operable stage IB and II XXXX of the uterine neck: retrospective comparison between preoperative utero-vaginal curietherapy and initial surgery followed by radiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['mean total dose', 'MD']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of computed tomography in determining the proximal extent of @entity1028 and the possibility of infrarenal clamping. Preoperative computed tomographic findings, together with the operative data for 95 @entity1 , were retrospectively analyzed in light of the operative findings. Eighty-nine (93.68%) of the @entity1 were @entity1 and 6 (6.32%) were @entity1 , with a mean age of 66.27 +/- 18.14 years. Diagnosis of infrarenal @entity439 by computed tomography was confirmed at the time of surgery in 91 (95.79%) of 95 @entity1 . The negative-predictive value of computed tomography in detecting supra-aneurysmal renal arteries was found to be 95.79%. The specificity was 98.91%. Infrarenal cross-clamping was performed in 59 (62.11%) of 95 @entity1 , whose aortic segments between the renal artery orifices and the proximal borders of the @entity439 had a mean length of 26.4 +/- 7.11 mm by computed tomography Suprarenal clamping was required in 36 (37.89%) of the 95 @entity1 , whose aortic segments had a mean length of 12.7 +/- 3.48 mm. We conclude that conventional computed tomography is reasonably accurate in determining the proximal extent of @entity1028 . Although there is a high rate of error in determining the possibility of infrarenal clamping when no specific measurements are taken, infrarenal clamping can be planned when measurement by computed tomography shows a length of > or = 26 mm between the renal arteries and the proximal extent of the @entity439 . In @entity1 with shorter aortic segments, suprarenal aortic clamping should be considered.

title: Predictive value of conventional computed tomography in determining proximal extent of XXXX and possibility of infrarenal clamping.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity3652 induces a dissociated state of consciousness by binding to the @entity12781 binding site within the ion channel gated by the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor. The brain regions and neurotransmitter systems mediating @entity3652 -induced alterations in arousal remain incompletely understood. This study used in vivo microdialysis to test the hypothesis that @entity3652 alters @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release in the medial pontine reticular formation ( @entity29570 ). DESIGN: @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release, sleep, and breathing were quantified following systemic @entity3652 administration. Microdialysis was used to deliver the @entity143 -channel blocker @entity3390 ( @entity3390 ) and the R(-)-isomer of @entity3652 into the @entity29570 while measuring @entity1617 release. SETTING: N/A. @entity1 : N/A. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Systemically administered @entity3652 disrupted normal sleep-cycle organization, reduced @entity29570 @entity1617 release, and significantly slowed rate of breathing. Dialysis delivery of @entity3390 to the @entity29570 significantly decreased respiratory rate and @entity29570 @entity1617 release. Dialysis delivery to the @entity29570 of the @entity42758 isomer significantly decreased @entity29570 @entity1617 release. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased @entity29570 @entity1617 release caused by systemically administered @entity3652 was mimicked by @entity29570 dialysis delivery of @entity3390 and the R(-)- @entity3652 isomer. These data are consistent with the conclusion that systemically administered @entity3652 may alter arousal and breathing, in part, by altering cholinergic neurotransmission in the @entity29570 .

title: @entity3652 and XXXX decrease @entity934 release in the pontine reticular formation, slow breathing, and disrupt sleep.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity3390 :: ('MESH:D016291', 'Chemical') :: ['dizocilpine maleate', 'MK-801']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3390 :: (MESH:D016291,Chemical) :: ['MK-801']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity3652 induces a dissociated state of consciousness by binding to the @entity12781 binding site within the ion channel gated by the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor. The brain regions and neurotransmitter systems mediating @entity3652 -induced alterations in arousal remain incompletely understood. This study used in vivo microdialysis to test the hypothesis that @entity3652 alters @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release in the medial pontine reticular formation ( @entity29570 ). DESIGN: @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release, sleep, and breathing were quantified following systemic @entity3652 administration. Microdialysis was used to deliver the @entity143 -channel blocker @entity3390 ( @entity3390 ) and the R(-)-isomer of @entity3652 into the @entity29570 while measuring @entity1617 release. SETTING: N/A. @entity1 : N/A. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Systemically administered @entity3652 disrupted normal sleep-cycle organization, reduced @entity29570 @entity1617 release, and significantly slowed rate of breathing. Dialysis delivery of @entity3390 to the @entity29570 significantly decreased respiratory rate and @entity29570 @entity1617 release. Dialysis delivery to the @entity29570 of the @entity42758 isomer significantly decreased @entity29570 @entity1617 release. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased @entity29570 @entity1617 release caused by systemically administered @entity3652 was mimicked by @entity29570 dialysis delivery of @entity3390 and the R(-)- @entity3652 isomer. These data are consistent with the conclusion that systemically administered @entity3652 may alter arousal and breathing, in part, by altering cholinergic neurotransmission in the @entity29570 .

title: @entity3652 and @entity3390 decrease XXXX release in the pontine reticular formation, slow breathing, and disrupt sleep.

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity3652 induces a dissociated state of consciousness by binding to the @entity12781 binding site within the ion channel gated by the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor. The brain regions and neurotransmitter systems mediating @entity3652 -induced alterations in arousal remain incompletely understood. This study used in vivo microdialysis to test the hypothesis that @entity3652 alters @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release in the medial pontine reticular formation ( @entity29570 ). DESIGN: @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release, sleep, and breathing were quantified following systemic @entity3652 administration. Microdialysis was used to deliver the @entity143 -channel blocker @entity3390 ( @entity3390 ) and the R(-)-isomer of @entity3652 into the @entity29570 while measuring @entity1617 release. SETTING: N/A. @entity1 : N/A. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Systemically administered @entity3652 disrupted normal sleep-cycle organization, reduced @entity29570 @entity1617 release, and significantly slowed rate of breathing. Dialysis delivery of @entity3390 to the @entity29570 significantly decreased respiratory rate and @entity29570 @entity1617 release. Dialysis delivery to the @entity29570 of the @entity42758 isomer significantly decreased @entity29570 @entity1617 release. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased @entity29570 @entity1617 release caused by systemically administered @entity3652 was mimicked by @entity29570 dialysis delivery of @entity3390 and the R(-)- @entity3652 isomer. These data are consistent with the conclusion that systemically administered @entity3652 may alter arousal and breathing, in part, by altering cholinergic neurotransmission in the @entity29570 .

title: XXXX and @entity3390 decrease @entity934 release in the pontine reticular formation, slow breathing, and disrupt sleep.

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['Ketamine']


abstract: The frequency of peripheral @entity438 in the upper extremities is much less than in the lower extremities. Diagnosis and surgical treatment are important because upper extremity @entity439 can cause severe decreases in function and lead to the loss of an arm or of fingers. We performed aneurysmal resection together with saphenous vein graft interpositioning in 9 @entity1 with a diagnosis of post-traumatic @entity2849 from January 1995 through February 2003. Of these @entity1 , 7 were @entity1 (77%). The mean age was 38.2 years (range, 26-46 years. Four @entity1 had gunshot wounds (44%) and 5 had stab wounds (56%). The mean duration from injury to hospital admission was 26.7 months (range, 17 months-7 years). All @entity1 underwent color-flow arterial Doppler ultrasonography and selective upper extremity digital subtraction angiography. In all @entity1 , we performed aneurysmal resection and saphenous vein graft interpositioning. There was no instance of @entity204 or @entity63 extremity loss. @entity1 were discharged from the hospital a mean of 3.2 days after surgery (range, 2-6 days). Early and late graft patency rates were 100%. We followed the @entity1 ' cases for a mean of 3.4 years (range, 1 month-7 years). Very rarely, post-traumatic upper extremity @entity1109 after a long period of time. Diagnosis is very easy with a review of the @entity1 's history and a physical examination; surgical reconstruction is the preferred treatment for such @entity1 .

title: Post-traumatic XXXX and its surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms show symptoms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['brachial pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysm of the brachial artery']


abstract: A clinical study was performed investigating the ability of intravenous @entity1363 to cause @entity2730 for @entity227 stimuli presented during surgical removal of third molars. Various stimuli were presented prior to and after administration of a sufficient quantity of @entity1363 to produce profound sedation. Recall was then tested immediately after, one day, and one week following the surgery. The study found that @entity1363 produces at least 20 minutes of profound @entity2730 for all stimuli in 93 +/- 6% of individuals. However, little correlation was found between the dose of @entity1363 and the duration of @entity2730 . Anesthesia literally means the loss of sensation. In the clinical dental situation, the principle sensation lost, when using either regional or general anesthesia, is @entity158 perception. Although prevention of @entity158 sensation is the primary reason @entity1 request local anesthesia prior to invasive dental care, for many @entity1 , control of @entity158 only partially prepares them to receive dental care. These @entity1 request the adjunctive use of sedation or general anesthesia, not for @entity158 control, but rather requiring periodontal or oral/maxillofacial surgery in which such factors as the sight and taste of blood, the noise of bone-cutting equipment, or the pressure placed on the jaws is not eliminated by local anesthetics. Although effective anxiolytic oral, inhalational, or parenteral agents have been available for several decades, @entity1 still usually retain their memory of events occurring during their dental care, particularly @entity148 -provoking events. This memory of the uncomfortable portions of dental care stimulates additional @entity148 so that @entity1 may procrastinate when dental care is necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intensity and duration of XXXX from intravenous @entity1363 given for sedation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual, auditory and painful']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'further pain']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity2730 :: (MESH:D000647,Disease) :: ['amnesia']


abstract: A clinical study was performed investigating the ability of intravenous @entity1363 to cause @entity2730 for @entity227 stimuli presented during surgical removal of third molars. Various stimuli were presented prior to and after administration of a sufficient quantity of @entity1363 to produce profound sedation. Recall was then tested immediately after, one day, and one week following the surgery. The study found that @entity1363 produces at least 20 minutes of profound @entity2730 for all stimuli in 93 +/- 6% of individuals. However, little correlation was found between the dose of @entity1363 and the duration of @entity2730 . Anesthesia literally means the loss of sensation. In the clinical dental situation, the principle sensation lost, when using either regional or general anesthesia, is @entity158 perception. Although prevention of @entity158 sensation is the primary reason @entity1 request local anesthesia prior to invasive dental care, for many @entity1 , control of @entity158 only partially prepares them to receive dental care. These @entity1 request the adjunctive use of sedation or general anesthesia, not for @entity158 control, but rather requiring periodontal or oral/maxillofacial surgery in which such factors as the sight and taste of blood, the noise of bone-cutting equipment, or the pressure placed on the jaws is not eliminated by local anesthetics. Although effective anxiolytic oral, inhalational, or parenteral agents have been available for several decades, @entity1 still usually retain their memory of events occurring during their dental care, particularly @entity148 -provoking events. This memory of the uncomfortable portions of dental care stimulates additional @entity148 so that @entity1 may procrastinate when dental care is necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intensity and duration of @entity2730 from intravenous XXXX given for sedation.

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of @entity32 in a defined population in Finland. METHODS: We collected data for the year 2000 on a population of 87,000 inhabitants of Kuopio, Finland, of whom 20% were < 16 years of age. Information about the study was given through a local newspaper, and subjects attended one health center and 2 local hospitals for study. Inclusion criteria were that subjects have at least one peripheral joint with @entity603 or signs of @entity32 in sacroiliac, glenohumeral, or hip joints on the first visit. Incidence rates were calculated according to the diagnosis on the first visit, except for @entity1 , for whom diagnoses were established after 3 months' followup. RESULTS: A total of 188 adult incident cases (138 @entity1 , 50 @entity1 ) and 11 @entity1 (8 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The incidence of all @entity625 was 230/100,000 (95% confidence interval 198.9-263.9) for the whole population; 271/100,000 (95% CI 233.7-312.7) for adults and 64/100,000 (95% CI 31.7-113.8) for @entity1 . Among adults the annual incidence of @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ), @entity625 ( @entity625 ), other @entity5145 ( @entity5145 ), connective tissue disease (CTD), @entity625 , @entity5414 , and undifferentiated @entity625 were 36, 7, 23, 10, 13, 9, 19, 7, and 149/100,000, respectively. The mean age at diagnosis was 49.4 +/- 16.3 years for all cases of @entity625 among adults, about the same for both @entity1 and @entity1 . The mean age at diagnosis was 59.7 years in @entity309 , 31.5 years in @entity1691 , 48.7 years in @entity5144 , 38.0 years in @entity625 , 36.5 years in other @entity5145 , 36.1 years in CTD, 65.0 years in @entity625 , 53.3 years in @entity5414 , and 48.3 years in undifferentiated @entity625 . Four of 11 @entity1 had @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). The incidence of @entity4932 was 23/100,000 in the population < 16 years of age. Of the remaining cases, 3 children had antibodies against @entity778 and 4 had a transient monoarthritis. CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of @entity625 among adults was slightly higher than previously reported from Finland. The incidence rates in the @entity1 population are in agreement with previous figures. These data are useful in planning the provision of health care.

title: Total incidence and distribution of @entity32 in a defined population: results from the Kuopio 2000 XXXX survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'girls', 'women', 'child', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory joint diseases']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Sindbis (Pogosta) virus']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritides', 'ReA', 'arthritis', 'reactive arthritis', 'crystalline arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['viral arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis', 'PsA']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis', 'JIA']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['SpA', 'spondyloarthropathies']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence of @entity32 in a defined population in Finland. METHODS: We collected data for the year 2000 on a population of 87,000 inhabitants of Kuopio, Finland, of whom 20% were < 16 years of age. Information about the study was given through a local newspaper, and subjects attended one health center and 2 local hospitals for study. Inclusion criteria were that subjects have at least one peripheral joint with @entity603 or signs of @entity32 in sacroiliac, glenohumeral, or hip joints on the first visit. Incidence rates were calculated according to the diagnosis on the first visit, except for @entity1 , for whom diagnoses were established after 3 months' followup. RESULTS: A total of 188 adult incident cases (138 @entity1 , 50 @entity1 ) and 11 @entity1 (8 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) satisfied the inclusion criteria. The incidence of all @entity625 was 230/100,000 (95% confidence interval 198.9-263.9) for the whole population; 271/100,000 (95% CI 233.7-312.7) for adults and 64/100,000 (95% CI 31.7-113.8) for @entity1 . Among adults the annual incidence of @entity309 ( @entity309 ), @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ), @entity625 ( @entity625 ), other @entity5145 ( @entity5145 ), connective tissue disease (CTD), @entity625 , @entity5414 , and undifferentiated @entity625 were 36, 7, 23, 10, 13, 9, 19, 7, and 149/100,000, respectively. The mean age at diagnosis was 49.4 +/- 16.3 years for all cases of @entity625 among adults, about the same for both @entity1 and @entity1 . The mean age at diagnosis was 59.7 years in @entity309 , 31.5 years in @entity1691 , 48.7 years in @entity5144 , 38.0 years in @entity625 , 36.5 years in other @entity5145 , 36.1 years in CTD, 65.0 years in @entity625 , 53.3 years in @entity5414 , and 48.3 years in undifferentiated @entity625 . Four of 11 @entity1 had @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). The incidence of @entity4932 was 23/100,000 in the population < 16 years of age. Of the remaining cases, 3 children had antibodies against @entity778 and 4 had a transient monoarthritis. CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of @entity625 among adults was slightly higher than previously reported from Finland. The incidence rates in the @entity1 population are in agreement with previous figures. These data are useful in planning the provision of health care.

title: Total incidence and distribution of XXXX in a defined population: results from the Kuopio 2000 @entity625 survey.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory joint diseases']


abstract: The study examined perceptions, practices and norms underlying sexuality and gender relations that constrain the prevention and control of STIs and @entity645 / @entity791 . It was carried out among the Igbo of Awka and Agulu in Anambra State of Nigeria. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data collection. Findings indicate that cultural practices that encourage the establishment of @entity458 by @entity1 persist in the study communities. Some married @entity1 who are not able to achieve pregnancy with their husbands get involved in such networks to have @entity1 . Some parents who do not have male @entity1 encourage their unmarried daughters to have @entity1 out of wedlock so as to perpetuate the lineage. Inequality in gender relations and fear of repercussions constrain @entity1 from negotiating safe sex. Sexuality education is, therefore, necessary to improve the knowledge base, perceptions and sexual behaviours of the study communities. @entity1 should be empowered to make informed decisions about sexuality and childbearing. Male responsibility in reproductive health should also be encouraged.

title: Gender issues in the prevention and control of STIs and @entity645 / XXXX : lessons from Awka and Agulu, Anambra State, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual networks']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: The study examined perceptions, practices and norms underlying sexuality and gender relations that constrain the prevention and control of STIs and @entity645 / @entity791 . It was carried out among the Igbo of Awka and Agulu in Anambra State of Nigeria. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for data collection. Findings indicate that cultural practices that encourage the establishment of @entity458 by @entity1 persist in the study communities. Some married @entity1 who are not able to achieve pregnancy with their husbands get involved in such networks to have @entity1 . Some parents who do not have male @entity1 encourage their unmarried daughters to have @entity1 out of wedlock so as to perpetuate the lineage. Inequality in gender relations and fear of repercussions constrain @entity1 from negotiating safe sex. Sexuality education is, therefore, necessary to improve the knowledge base, perceptions and sexual behaviours of the study communities. @entity1 should be empowered to make informed decisions about sexuality and childbearing. Male responsibility in reproductive health should also be encouraged.

title: Gender issues in the prevention and control of STIs and XXXX / @entity791 : lessons from Awka and Agulu, Anambra State, Nigeria.

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Success in the treatment of @entity455 during infancy depends on an accurate early diagnosis and a correct therapeutic management. Current available resources can be divided into pharmacologic, endovascular, surgical, and laser. Results are variable, and complications should always be kept in mind. METHODS: We reviewed all @entity1 with @entity455 who suffered from major complications directly due to the treatment during the past five years. RESULTS: 1. A @entity1 with an upper @entity3384 following treatment with interferon after no response to @entity230 . A long-term severe neutropoenia forced to an early surgical excision of the lesion. 2. A @entity1 suffering from an orbitary @entity2695 with severe exoftalmus was treated with interferon because of a @entity134 -resistance. A @entity306 due to interferon reverted after treatment was discontinued. 3. In a @entity1 with a Blue-Rubber @entity4530 , extended @entity1463 was performed. She developed @entity39 of the left leg and a permanent @entity2895 . 4. In a @entity1 with an @entity2758 on the right leg and gluteous, a femoral artery endoprosthesis was placed because of a @entity548 . She underwent a total excision of the @entity600 and developed a recurrent @entity63 related to a femoral @entity715 . Finally a foot amputation was needed. 5. A @entity1 with a Kaposi-like @entity8146 who was following a high-dose prolonged @entity134 therapy died because of a @entity5422 related to a severe immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity455 during childhood need an early accurate diagnosis. If a right therapeutic sequence is not performed, useful drugs can turn into inefficient or dangerous. Most treatment complications in these @entity1 can be avoided.

title: [Severe complications in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['Bleb Nevus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['hemangio-endothelioma']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['sciatic nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['percutaneous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['lip hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic diplegia']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular anomalies']


abstract: 1. @entity731 is a multifactorial, inflammatory disease of the arterial vessel wall that is promoted by various well-defined risk factors. Although numerous genes, expressed in different vascular and inflammatory cells, have been implicated in this disease, it is widely appreciated that most of the genes and gene products vital for initiation and progression of @entity731 are unknown. 2. We follow two strategies in an attempt to make up for the void of essential knowledge. First, we study candidate genes that have not been implied in @entity1 @entity731 before, notably the differentiation factor @entity723 A. 3. Second, we performed a genome-wide search by differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This study indicated potential involvement of the @entity39769 orphan receptor transcription factor in @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) (patho)physiology. 4. To reveal functional involvement of these proteins in @entity3960 during @entity731 , we performed experiments with @entity19 models, adjusted either to the characteristics of a secreted protein or to that of an intracellular transcription factor. 5. The secreted protein @entity723 A was studied in @entity19 infected systemically with recombinant adenoviral vehicles, resulting in predominant hepatic expression and subsequent high protein levels in the circulation. 6. To study the role of @entity39769 in @entity731 , we generated @entity19 in which promoter sequences were applied that direct expression of the transgenes to @entity3960 of the arterial tree. 7. Two approaches were taken to induce the formation of @entity3960 -rich lesions: (i) activation of femoral artery @entity3960 by placement of a loosely fitting cuff; and (ii) ligation of the carotid artery. 8. The aim of the present review is to illustrate the different approaches that can be taken to assess the potential relevance of genes in @entity731 in carefully selected @entity19 models. 9. Based on the results described, we propose that both @entity723 A and @entity39769 prevent excessive @entity3960 proliferation.

title: @entity723 and XXXX orphan receptor: two 'atheroprotective' genes as evidenced in dedicated @entity19 models.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle cell', 'SMC']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity39769 :: (15370(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TR3']


abstract: 1. @entity731 is a multifactorial, inflammatory disease of the arterial vessel wall that is promoted by various well-defined risk factors. Although numerous genes, expressed in different vascular and inflammatory cells, have been implicated in this disease, it is widely appreciated that most of the genes and gene products vital for initiation and progression of @entity731 are unknown. 2. We follow two strategies in an attempt to make up for the void of essential knowledge. First, we study candidate genes that have not been implied in @entity1 @entity731 before, notably the differentiation factor @entity723 A. 3. Second, we performed a genome-wide search by differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This study indicated potential involvement of the @entity39769 orphan receptor transcription factor in @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) (patho)physiology. 4. To reveal functional involvement of these proteins in @entity3960 during @entity731 , we performed experiments with @entity19 models, adjusted either to the characteristics of a secreted protein or to that of an intracellular transcription factor. 5. The secreted protein @entity723 A was studied in @entity19 infected systemically with recombinant adenoviral vehicles, resulting in predominant hepatic expression and subsequent high protein levels in the circulation. 6. To study the role of @entity39769 in @entity731 , we generated @entity19 in which promoter sequences were applied that direct expression of the transgenes to @entity3960 of the arterial tree. 7. Two approaches were taken to induce the formation of @entity3960 -rich lesions: (i) activation of femoral artery @entity3960 by placement of a loosely fitting cuff; and (ii) ligation of the carotid artery. 8. The aim of the present review is to illustrate the different approaches that can be taken to assess the potential relevance of genes in @entity731 in carefully selected @entity19 models. 9. Based on the results described, we propose that both @entity723 A and @entity39769 prevent excessive @entity3960 proliferation.

title: XXXX and @entity39769 orphan receptor: two 'atheroprotective' genes as evidenced in dedicated @entity19 models.

answer: @entity723 :: (83729,Gene) :: ['Activin']


abstract: 1. @entity731 is a multifactorial, inflammatory disease of the arterial vessel wall that is promoted by various well-defined risk factors. Although numerous genes, expressed in different vascular and inflammatory cells, have been implicated in this disease, it is widely appreciated that most of the genes and gene products vital for initiation and progression of @entity731 are unknown. 2. We follow two strategies in an attempt to make up for the void of essential knowledge. First, we study candidate genes that have not been implied in @entity1 @entity731 before, notably the differentiation factor @entity723 A. 3. Second, we performed a genome-wide search by differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This study indicated potential involvement of the @entity39769 orphan receptor transcription factor in @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) (patho)physiology. 4. To reveal functional involvement of these proteins in @entity3960 during @entity731 , we performed experiments with @entity19 models, adjusted either to the characteristics of a secreted protein or to that of an intracellular transcription factor. 5. The secreted protein @entity723 A was studied in @entity19 infected systemically with recombinant adenoviral vehicles, resulting in predominant hepatic expression and subsequent high protein levels in the circulation. 6. To study the role of @entity39769 in @entity731 , we generated @entity19 in which promoter sequences were applied that direct expression of the transgenes to @entity3960 of the arterial tree. 7. Two approaches were taken to induce the formation of @entity3960 -rich lesions: (i) activation of femoral artery @entity3960 by placement of a loosely fitting cuff; and (ii) ligation of the carotid artery. 8. The aim of the present review is to illustrate the different approaches that can be taken to assess the potential relevance of genes in @entity731 in carefully selected @entity19 models. 9. Based on the results described, we propose that both @entity723 A and @entity39769 prevent excessive @entity3960 proliferation.

title: @entity723 and @entity39769 orphan receptor: two 'atheroprotective' genes as evidenced in dedicated XXXX models.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIMS: The relationship between @entity2162 polymorphisms at positions 16 and 27, and the acute systemic @entity2162 effects of inhaled @entity3045 is unclear. We therefore elected to evaluate the influence of common homozygous @entity2162 haplotypes on the acute systemic @entity2162 effects following inhaled @entity3045 in @entity748 subjects. METHODS: An initial database search of 531 @entity748 subjects identified the two commonest homozygous haplotypes at positions 16 and 27 to be @entity534 16-Gln27 (12%) and @entity4022 16- @entity367 27 (19%). After a 1-week washout period where all @entity2162 agonists were withdrawn, 16 Caucasian subjects ( @entity534 16-Gln27: n = 8 and Gly16- @entity367 27: n = 8) were given a single dose of inhaled @entity3045 (1200 microg), followed by serial blood sampling for serum @entity972 , along with measurements of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, at 5-min intervals for 20 min. RESULTS: The two groups were well matched for age, sex, FEV1, and inhaled @entity228 dose. Baseline values for serum @entity972 , diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were not significantly different comparing @entity534 16-Gln27 vs Gly16- @entity367 27. The mean +/- SEM maximum serum @entity972 change from baseline over 20 min was significantly greater (P = 0.04) for @entity534 16-Gln27: -0.37 +/- 0.05 mmol l(-1) vs Gly16- @entity367 27: -0.23 +/- 0.04 mmol l(-1); 95% CI for difference: -0.01 to -0.28 mmol l(-1). The maximum diastolic blood pressure change from baseline over 20 min was significantly greater (P = 0.0008) for @entity534 16-Gln27: -13 +/- 1 mmHg vs Gly16- @entity367 27: -4 +/- 2 mmHg; 95% CI for difference: -5, 14 mmHg. There was no significant difference comparing the maximum heart rate change from baseline for @entity534 16-Gln27: 10 +/- 3 beats @entity1009 ) vs Gly16- @entity367 27: 10 +/- 3 beats @entity1009 ). CONCLUSIONS: Caucasian @entity748 subjects with the @entity534 16-Gln27 haplotype exhibited a greater systemic response to inhaled @entity3045 , compared with those with the @entity4022 16- @entity367 27 haplotype. The attenuated @entity2162 response in the Gly16-Glu27 haplotype would be in keeping with increased susceptibility to prior down-regulation by endogenous @entity2661 .

title: Acute systemic effects of inhaled XXXX in @entity748 subjects expressing common homozygous @entity2162 haplotypes at positions 16 and 27.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['salbutamol']


abstract: AIMS: The relationship between @entity2162 polymorphisms at positions 16 and 27, and the acute systemic @entity2162 effects of inhaled @entity3045 is unclear. We therefore elected to evaluate the influence of common homozygous @entity2162 haplotypes on the acute systemic @entity2162 effects following inhaled @entity3045 in @entity748 subjects. METHODS: An initial database search of 531 @entity748 subjects identified the two commonest homozygous haplotypes at positions 16 and 27 to be @entity534 16-Gln27 (12%) and @entity4022 16- @entity367 27 (19%). After a 1-week washout period where all @entity2162 agonists were withdrawn, 16 Caucasian subjects ( @entity534 16-Gln27: n = 8 and Gly16- @entity367 27: n = 8) were given a single dose of inhaled @entity3045 (1200 microg), followed by serial blood sampling for serum @entity972 , along with measurements of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, at 5-min intervals for 20 min. RESULTS: The two groups were well matched for age, sex, FEV1, and inhaled @entity228 dose. Baseline values for serum @entity972 , diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were not significantly different comparing @entity534 16-Gln27 vs Gly16- @entity367 27. The mean +/- SEM maximum serum @entity972 change from baseline over 20 min was significantly greater (P = 0.04) for @entity534 16-Gln27: -0.37 +/- 0.05 mmol l(-1) vs Gly16- @entity367 27: -0.23 +/- 0.04 mmol l(-1); 95% CI for difference: -0.01 to -0.28 mmol l(-1). The maximum diastolic blood pressure change from baseline over 20 min was significantly greater (P = 0.0008) for @entity534 16-Gln27: -13 +/- 1 mmHg vs Gly16- @entity367 27: -4 +/- 2 mmHg; 95% CI for difference: -5, 14 mmHg. There was no significant difference comparing the maximum heart rate change from baseline for @entity534 16-Gln27: 10 +/- 3 beats @entity1009 ) vs Gly16- @entity367 27: 10 +/- 3 beats @entity1009 ). CONCLUSIONS: Caucasian @entity748 subjects with the @entity534 16-Gln27 haplotype exhibited a greater systemic response to inhaled @entity3045 , compared with those with the @entity4022 16- @entity367 27 haplotype. The attenuated @entity2162 response in the Gly16-Glu27 haplotype would be in keeping with increased susceptibility to prior down-regulation by endogenous @entity2661 .

title: Acute systemic effects of inhaled @entity3045 in @entity748 subjects expressing common homozygous XXXX haplotypes at positions 16 and 27.

answer: @entity2162 :: (154,Gene) :: ['beta2-adrenoceptor']


abstract: AIMS: The relationship between @entity2162 polymorphisms at positions 16 and 27, and the acute systemic @entity2162 effects of inhaled @entity3045 is unclear. We therefore elected to evaluate the influence of common homozygous @entity2162 haplotypes on the acute systemic @entity2162 effects following inhaled @entity3045 in @entity748 subjects. METHODS: An initial database search of 531 @entity748 subjects identified the two commonest homozygous haplotypes at positions 16 and 27 to be @entity534 16-Gln27 (12%) and @entity4022 16- @entity367 27 (19%). After a 1-week washout period where all @entity2162 agonists were withdrawn, 16 Caucasian subjects ( @entity534 16-Gln27: n = 8 and Gly16- @entity367 27: n = 8) were given a single dose of inhaled @entity3045 (1200 microg), followed by serial blood sampling for serum @entity972 , along with measurements of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, at 5-min intervals for 20 min. RESULTS: The two groups were well matched for age, sex, FEV1, and inhaled @entity228 dose. Baseline values for serum @entity972 , diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were not significantly different comparing @entity534 16-Gln27 vs Gly16- @entity367 27. The mean +/- SEM maximum serum @entity972 change from baseline over 20 min was significantly greater (P = 0.04) for @entity534 16-Gln27: -0.37 +/- 0.05 mmol l(-1) vs Gly16- @entity367 27: -0.23 +/- 0.04 mmol l(-1); 95% CI for difference: -0.01 to -0.28 mmol l(-1). The maximum diastolic blood pressure change from baseline over 20 min was significantly greater (P = 0.0008) for @entity534 16-Gln27: -13 +/- 1 mmHg vs Gly16- @entity367 27: -4 +/- 2 mmHg; 95% CI for difference: -5, 14 mmHg. There was no significant difference comparing the maximum heart rate change from baseline for @entity534 16-Gln27: 10 +/- 3 beats @entity1009 ) vs Gly16- @entity367 27: 10 +/- 3 beats @entity1009 ). CONCLUSIONS: Caucasian @entity748 subjects with the @entity534 16-Gln27 haplotype exhibited a greater systemic response to inhaled @entity3045 , compared with those with the @entity4022 16- @entity367 27 haplotype. The attenuated @entity2162 response in the Gly16-Glu27 haplotype would be in keeping with increased susceptibility to prior down-regulation by endogenous @entity2661 .

title: Acute systemic effects of inhaled @entity3045 in XXXX subjects expressing common homozygous @entity2162 haplotypes at positions 16 and 27.

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our aim was to morphologically investigate the occurrence of fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and blood vessels in the tissue of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) disc, the intermediate zone, and the posterior disc attachment region in control autopsy specimens and to compare the results with those observed in corresponding tissues from @entity1 with @entity1348 internal derangement. @entity1 AND METHODS: First, 20 bilateral @entity1348 disc specimens from selected autopsy cases were analyzed by conventional morphometry. Thus, the volume density of fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and blood vessels was determined. Second, the obtained results from the right joint of the autopsy disc specimens were compared with 12 @entity1348 disc specimens obtained at surgery from @entity1 with internal derangement. RESULTS: The tissue compartments of interest (disc, intermediate zone, and posterior disc attachment region) were identified unequivocally in all specimens. None of the autopsy cases showed any significant difference between the right and @entity2720 or related to gender. The only variable that differed between autopsy and @entity1 specimens was volume density of blood vessels, which was higher in @entity1 specimens. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the volume density of blood vessels was significantly higher in the posterior disc attachment region in @entity1 specimens than in autopsy controls. Whether this reflects a role for vessels in the pathogenesis of @entity1348 internal derangement or merely is a reaction to another @entity130 remains to be settled. In both the autopsy control and @entity1 specimens, chondrocytes and fibroblasts were characteristic for disc respective posterior disc attachment region. Thus it appears that the occurrence of these cells can be used to distinguish @entity1348 disc from posterior disc attachment in small biopsy specimens.

title: Characterization of tissue components in the XXXX disc and posterior disc attachment region: internal derangement and control autopsy specimens compared by morphometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['left joints']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: A Japanese @entity1 aged 13 years with @entity3335 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies(MPO-ANCA)-associated @entity631 (GN) progressed to @entity454 after 7 years' clinical observation. She had been suffering from @entity66 flare associated with serum MPO-ANCA elevation(i.e. 153 EU/ml, 208 EU/ml and 358 EU/ml, maximum at each of the episodes, normal < 10 EU/ml). Each flare was treated successfully with @entity617 combined with @entity786 and @entity500 . However, her renal function gradually deteriorated, and peritoneal dialysis( @entity1726 ) was initiated 7 years after the onset of the disease. During the clinical course, no extrarenal manifestations were observed. Due to subsidence of the serum MPO-ANCA titer(10 EU/ml) after starting @entity1726 , @entity617 and @entity500 were tapered thereafter. Her daily urine volume was preserved at approximately 600 ml at that time. She suddenly developed @entity1295 with severe @entity417 , @entity1458 and @entity101 4 months after discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy. The serum titer of MPO-ANCA increased to 100 EU/ml. These clinical observation suggests that disease flare may occur in selected @entity1 with MPO-ANCA-associated GN, who develop @entity454 requiring @entity1726 . Although recurrent flare associated with an increased serological activity in a proportion of @entity1 with @entity1988 who have received dialysis has been reported to date, to our knowledge, a similar clinical observation in the MPO-ANCA-associated GN has not been reported. Selected @entity1 with the disease should be followed with close observation after undergoing dialysis.

title: [A case of ANCA-associated XXXX without extrarenal symptoms with disease flare after starting dialysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prosthetic or pericardial patches used for the closure of @entity118 are associated with infrequent but definite problems. As an alternative, we used a right atrial free-wall patch in 12 @entity1 , 7-54 years of age. METHODS AND RESULTS: The presence of a large secundum @entity118 (n=2). associated mitral @entity338 (n=7), primum @entity119 (n=1) necessitated the use of a patch. The mitral valve was repaired in 9 @entity1 (including 2 with a primum defect). One @entity1 with a primum defect who was in congestive @entity712 preoperatively died after 3 weeks due to refractory @entity2224 . The remaining @entity1 were discharged 5 to 7 days post procedure. No flow was detected across the septal patch on predischarge echocardiography. One @entity1 underwent reoperation for failed mitral valve repair one month postprocedure. At reoperation, the patch was found to be intact with normal texture and without any suture dehiscence. Histopathological examination of the explanted patch revealed viable endothellum and subendothelial muscle on both surfaces of the patch. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months. Echocardiography performed after 6 to 32 months post procedure showed an intact patch with no residual defect. All the @entity1 are in sinus rhythm. Holter monitoring performed in 6 @entity1 was normal in all of them. Electrophysiological study was performed in 2 @entity1 using a mapping catheter 4 and 6 months post-procedure, respectively, and recorded normal atrial potentials from the site of the patch. CONCLUSIONS: The use of an autologous free right atrial wall as a patch for @entity118 closure is a viable option.

title: Autologous right atrial patch for closure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity119 :: ('MESH:C548009', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect (n=2) and sinus venosus defect']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: AIMS: Blood transfusions are often given to surgical @entity1 . This study was designed to assess whether @entity697 ( @entity697 ) reduces exposure to allogeneic blood, affects clinical outcome and hospital stay, and is feasible in colorectal surgery. METHODS: All ASA 1 and 11 @entity1 undergoing colectomies performed between 1997 and 1999 were identified retrospectively from our @entity14 database to ascertain our current peri and postoperative transfusion practice. Twenty-six selected @entity1 subsequently underwent @entity697 during colectomy surgery. The number of @entity1 and units transfused were identified. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-three of 317 (39%) @entity1 identified from our @entity14 database were transfused a total of 328 units (median 2, range 1-7). Of the 26 @entity1 undergoing @entity697 , 4 (15%) were transfused a total of 13 units (median 3, range 2-5). The reduction in number of @entity1 transfused was statistically significant (P=0.017). @entity697 increased anaesthetic time by a median of 19 min. There were no complications associated with @entity697 and the median hospital stay was 9 days (range 6-13). CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study of selected @entity1 , @entity697 is a feasible and effective method of reducing allogeneic blood exposure in major colorectal surgery. A prospective randomised controlled trial is now urgently required.

title: XXXX in colorectal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute normovolaemic haemodilution', 'ANH']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute normovolaemic haemodilution']


abstract: @entity8407 is a relatively common oral lesion that, in a varying proportion of cases, undergoes malignant transformation. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of treatments for @entity12120 . Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity8407 were identified by searching biomedical databases, hand-searching relevant oral medicine journals, and contacting oral medicine experts through a European mailing list. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed on the basis of the method of allocation concealment, blindness of the study, and loss of @entity1 . Data were analyzed by calculating relative risk. @entity5 , demonstrated by histopathological examination, was the main outcome considered. Secondary outcomes included clinical resolution of the lesion and variation in @entity1141 severity. Six RCTs were included in the review. @entity904 and @entity4878 were tested in four RCTs; the other agents tested were @entity1732 , mixed tea, and beta carotene. Malignant transformation was recorded in just two studies: none of the treatments tested showed a benefit when compared with placebo. Treatment with @entity2066 and @entity904 or @entity4878 was associated with better rates of clinical remission, compared with placebo or absence of treatment. Whenever reported, a high rate of relapse was a common finding. Side effects of variable severity were often described; however, interventions were well accepted by @entity1 since drop-out rates were similar between treatment and control groups. It is noteworthy that the possible effectiveness of surgical interventions, including laser therapy and cryotherapy, has apparently never been studied by means of an RCT. To date, in conclusion, there is no evidence of effective treatment in preventing @entity5 . Treatments may be effective in the resolution of lesion; however, relapses and adverse effects are common.

title: Systematic review of randomized trials for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta carotene']

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['Oral leukoplakia', 'oral leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of leukoplakia', 'Malignant transformation of leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'Vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity8407 :: (MESH:D007972,Disease) :: ['oral leukoplakia']


abstract: To investigate effects by @entity9640 on pancreatic A-cell secretion and intermediary metabolism, isolated pancreatic islets from normal and @entity3839 treated @entity840 (A-cell rich islets) were incubated in the presence of @entity413 (5.5 mM) +/- @entity9640 (10 mM). @entity1160 significantly enhanced glucagon release from 297 +/- 54 to 528 +/- 53 pg/micrograms DNA/h in normal islets and from 553 +/- 31 to 806 +/- 50 pg/micrograms DNA/h in A-cell rich islets. All results were expressed on the basis of islet DNA concentration, being 66 +/- 4 ng DNA per normal islet and @entity19 ng DNA per A-cell rich islet. Simultaneously, @entity1160 suppressed @entity413 oxidation to 64 per cent in normal islets and to 47 per cent of basal oxidation in A-cell rich islets. Islet content of @entity855 was also reduced by @entity1160 to about 60 per cent in A-cell rich islets, but not significantly changed in normal islets. @entity1160 oxidation, at 5.5 mM- @entity413 , was considerably higher in A-cell rich islets (911 +/- 65 pmol/micrograms DNA/h) than in normal islets (313 +/- 52 pmol/micrograms DNA/h). Addition of porcine insulin (25 mU/ml) counteracted these effects by @entity1160 , i.e. suppressed glucagon release but increased @entity413 oxidation and @entity855 content of the A-cell rich islets. The present findings demonstrate that @entity1160 stimulates glucagon release and is readily metabolized by the A-cells. Furthermore, the regulation of glucagon secretion by @entity1160 appears to be reciprocally related to factors affecting @entity413 metabolism and @entity855 -levels in the A-cell.

title: Evidence for metabolic regulation of pancreatic glucagon secretion by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine']

entities_list: @entity9640 :: ('CHEBI:18050', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity9640 :: (CHEBI:18050,Chemical) :: ['L-glutamine']


abstract: @entity924 (TC) of the rotator cuff is a transient @entity66 with a high rate of spontaneous resorption of the deposit. Therefore, primary treatment should be conservative. In cases of persistent @entity158 despite conservative treatment, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) can be performed as an alternative minimally invasive method. Various short-term studies have demonstrated the efficiency of ESWT for TC. To evaluate the short- and long-term results, complications, and the number of operations avoided by ESWT, a prospective study with 115 @entity1 was performed over a period of 4 years. The @entity1 had received high-energy ESWT once (group A: n = 56) or twice (group B: n = 59). Six months after therapy, 47% in group A and 77% in group B showed evidence of disappearance or disintegration of the @entity460 deposits. @entity158 relief was achieved in 45% of group A and 53% of group B. Four years after treatment, 20% of the @entity1 had undergone surgery on the involved shoulder. Of the remaining @entity1 , 59% (68 @entity1 ) were seen for follow-up. Subjectively, 78% of group A and 87% of group B judged the treatment to be successful. X-ray examination revealed complete or partial resorption of the @entity460 deposit in 93% in both groups. The Constant score increased from 45 before treatment to 88 in group A and 85 in group B after treatment. ESWT was successful for about 70% of the treated @entity1 with no long-term complications seen.

title: [Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) in XXXX calcarea of the rotator cuff. Long-term results and efficacy].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder disease']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Calcifying tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinosis']


abstract: AIMS: The frequency of the Taq I A alleles (A1 and A2) of the D2 @entity935 receptor ( @entity1633 ) gene was examined in Caucasian @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: In 91 @entity1005 @entity1 , the frequency of the A1 allele was higher (P = 6.12 x 10(-3)) than in the 51 controls. In the 38 @entity1005 harmful drinkers (>or=60 g @entity167 /day), A1 allelic frequency was higher (P = 3.91 x 10(-2)) than in the 53 non-harmful drinkers (<60 g @entity167 /day), the former being also higher (P = 3.76 x 10(-4)) than in controls. However, there was no difference between non-harmful drinkers and controls. Based on @entity1633 allelic association, the 35 @entity1005 @entity1 with the A1(+) (A1A1, A1A2) allele consumed more than twice the daily amount of @entity167 than the 56 @entity1 with the A1(-) (A2A2) allele (P = 1.94 x 10(-3)). When the hourly rate of @entity167 consumed was compared, A1(+) allelic @entity1 consumed twice the rate of the A1(-) allelic @entity1 (P < 10(-7)). CONCLUSION: The @entity1633 A1 allele was associated with @entity1005 . However, this association was found only in the harmful drinkers. @entity1005 @entity1 with the A1(+) allele consumed more @entity167 than @entity1 with the A1(-) allele. The importance of determining @entity167 consumption in @entity1633 association studies with @entity1005 is suggested.

title: Harmful drinking in military veterans with @entity1005 : association with the D2 XXXX receptor A1 allele.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: AIMS: The frequency of the Taq I A alleles (A1 and A2) of the D2 @entity935 receptor ( @entity1633 ) gene was examined in Caucasian @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: In 91 @entity1005 @entity1 , the frequency of the A1 allele was higher (P = 6.12 x 10(-3)) than in the 51 controls. In the 38 @entity1005 harmful drinkers (>or=60 g @entity167 /day), A1 allelic frequency was higher (P = 3.91 x 10(-2)) than in the 53 non-harmful drinkers (<60 g @entity167 /day), the former being also higher (P = 3.76 x 10(-4)) than in controls. However, there was no difference between non-harmful drinkers and controls. Based on @entity1633 allelic association, the 35 @entity1005 @entity1 with the A1(+) (A1A1, A1A2) allele consumed more than twice the daily amount of @entity167 than the 56 @entity1 with the A1(-) (A2A2) allele (P = 1.94 x 10(-3)). When the hourly rate of @entity167 consumed was compared, A1(+) allelic @entity1 consumed twice the rate of the A1(-) allelic @entity1 (P < 10(-7)). CONCLUSION: The @entity1633 A1 allele was associated with @entity1005 . However, this association was found only in the harmful drinkers. @entity1005 @entity1 with the A1(+) allele consumed more @entity167 than @entity1 with the A1(-) allele. The importance of determining @entity167 consumption in @entity1633 association studies with @entity1005 is suggested.

title: Harmful drinking in military veterans with XXXX : association with the D2 @entity935 receptor A1 allele.

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']


abstract: Within the Italian CNR Biomedical Technology programmes a large multicentre clinical trial on @entity787 -expressing @entity189 has been carried out. F(ab')2 fragments of anti- @entity787 monoclonal antibody (MAb) FO23C5, radiolabelled with either 131I or 111In, were supplied to 10 different Italian nuclear medicine departments. Over 500 @entity1 with @entity0 have been investigated. The results obtained in our nuclear medicine department are reported here. In @entity5 group, the 131I compound showed better results except in liver metastases detected only in 28/57 @entity1 . In the @entity2 group, very satisfactory results were achieved in primary @entity5 and local or systemic recurrences: 111In tracer was preferentially used. In the @entity0 group immunoscintigraphy proved to be helpful in differential diagnosis of @entity5 . Significant improvements of diagnostic sensitivity were achieved in @entity5 @entity1 by means of i.p. administration. Finally, 12 @entity1 with advanced disease were given different 131I radioiodinated MAbs (100 mCi average dose). Administration route was either i.v. (3 cases) or i.p. (9 cases). Clinical and instrumental evidence of complete (1) or partial (7) response was observed in 8 @entity1 .

title: Antibody-guided diagnosis: an Italian experience on XXXX -expressing @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'gastrointestinal, lung, breast, and other carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['GI cancer', 'tumours', 'neoplastic and benign bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: Within the Italian CNR Biomedical Technology programmes a large multicentre clinical trial on @entity787 -expressing @entity189 has been carried out. F(ab')2 fragments of anti- @entity787 monoclonal antibody (MAb) FO23C5, radiolabelled with either 131I or 111In, were supplied to 10 different Italian nuclear medicine departments. Over 500 @entity1 with @entity0 have been investigated. The results obtained in our nuclear medicine department are reported here. In @entity5 group, the 131I compound showed better results except in liver metastases detected only in 28/57 @entity1 . In the @entity2 group, very satisfactory results were achieved in primary @entity5 and local or systemic recurrences: 111In tracer was preferentially used. In the @entity0 group immunoscintigraphy proved to be helpful in differential diagnosis of @entity5 . Significant improvements of diagnostic sensitivity were achieved in @entity5 @entity1 by means of i.p. administration. Finally, 12 @entity1 with advanced disease were given different 131I radioiodinated MAbs (100 mCi average dose). Administration route was either i.v. (3 cases) or i.p. (9 cases). Clinical and instrumental evidence of complete (1) or partial (7) response was observed in 8 @entity1 .

title: Antibody-guided diagnosis: an Italian experience on @entity787 -expressing XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: Established treatments for @entity1569 act ei-ther on hyperproliferation, @entity32 , aberrant epidermal differentiation or a combination of these aspects of the disease. Potential new drugs for treatment of @entity1569 or other @entity66 in epidermal differentiation can be identified by high-throughput screening of large compound libraries using surrogate markers for the disease. Here we describe a screening model to detect pharmacologically active drugs in two keratinocyte-based, 96-well culture models that use expression of @entity7434 ( @entity7434 ) and @entity13959 ( @entity13959 )/elafin as markers for normal and psoriatic differentiation, respectively, and allow multiple parameters to be determined from a single well. In this model we tested a number of compounds in a pharmacological range from 10(-7) to 10(-5) M, including known antipsoriatic drugs, and experimental drugs that are potentially useful in the treatment of @entity1569 . @entity1968 , @entity7141 and the @entity1435 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor @entity70950 displayed a strong inhibitory effect on @entity13959 expression while @entity205 , @entity619 , the @entity3875 derivative @entity2116 and the @entity1435 MAP kinase inhibitor @entity1441 showed only moderate inhibition. @entity1499 and @entity15626 did not affect the expression of @entity13959 . With respect to @entity7434 expression, @entity1968 , @entity2116 , @entity1441 and @entity70950 exhibited strong inhibition while @entity7141 showed only moderate suppression of this normal differentiation marker. Expression levels of @entity7434 were not significantly affected by @entity619 , @entity1499 , @entity205 or @entity15626 . This model system parallels most, but not all, findings on the in vitro effect of known antipsoriatic drugs on keratinocytes. In addition, the model identifies @entity1435 MAP kinase inhibitors as potent suppressors of differentiation-associated gene expression. Although further delineation and validation of this model is required, we conclude that the system is amenable to down-scaling and application as a high-throughput screen for differentiation-modifying compounds.

title: A simple technique for high-throughput screening of drugs that modulate normal and XXXX -like differentiation in cultured human keratinocytes.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity13959 :: ('5266', 'Gene') :: ['SKALP', 'skin-derived antileucoprotease']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disorders with abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity7141 :: ('MESH:D000875', 'Chemical') :: ['dithranol']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylfumarate']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriol']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans-retinoic acid', 'All-trans-retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Deformities of the lower extremities are often a combination of angular and rotational components. The rotational component of @entity85 may be difficult to measure using plain radiography. Based on the current study, the computed tomography rotational malalignment test was developed. Evaluation of lower extremity alignment was done on 56 @entity1 . Rotational malalignment was diagnosed in 14 limbs of nine @entity1 . In all @entity1 , correction of angular and @entity717 was done simultaneously using an Ilizarov external fixator. The frame included a standard angular distraction system and a derotation block interconnected via an additional empty ring. In all cases, successful correction of angular and @entity717 was achieved. The @entity158 was eliminated in all seven @entity1 having preexisting chronic @entity158 . There were no cases of @entity281 or nonunion. This simple and reliable method allowed precise analysis of the deformity in the transverse plane. Preoperative frame construction incorporating the derotational module decreased the time of the operation and allowed one-stage correction of rotational and @entity85 without additional manipulations.

title: Correction of combined angular and XXXX by the Ilizarov method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['joint pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational deformities']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['combined deformities', 'angular deformities']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['rotational deformities']