abstract: Pregnant lacZ+ @entity19 (Muta @entity19 ) were treated with @entity331 (25 mg/kg) by oral gavage on day 10.5 of pregnancy. This dose of @entity331 is the optimal dose observed by other investigators for activity in the @entity19 coat colour spot test. Day 10.5 of pregnancy represents the stage when the embryonic liver first becomes visually discernable. By day 15.5, when the maternal and embryonic livers were analysed for lacZ- mutation frequency, the embryonic liver is the largest tissue in the embryo (approximately 25 mg). These experiments therefore represent treatment of a small pool of progenitor hepatocytes just as they are entering into an intense wave of cell division--optimum conditions for the fixation of mutations. Exposure to @entity331 led to an average fourfold, and a maximum tenfold increase in mutation frequency in the embryonic livers. This relatively weak response is consistent with lacZ- mutants not having a growth advantage; unlike in the @entity19 spot test, clonal amplification of lacZ- mutants cannot be separately scored. The level of mutation in the control embryonic livers was lower than that of the maternal control livers, but the group sizes were too small to conclude this definitively. Embryonic livers from each individual mother showed a range of mutation frequencies that were not obviously related to that of the maternal liver. On a treatment group basis, @entity331 was non-mutagenic to maternal livers. Half of the embryonic livers yielded DNA that failed to package, despite repeated attempts and re-isolation of the DNA from the liver. The cause of this unexpected finding is not clear. What is clear is that it was not due to the @entity331 treatment because eight of 22 control embryonic livers behaved similarly. These preliminary results suggest that further research is required in order to establish a practical transgenic analogue of the @entity19 coat colour spot test.

title: Consideration of the liver of embryonic lacZ XXXX as an analogue of the @entity19 coat colour spot test: preliminary data and technical problems.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice', 'Mouse', 'mouse']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: Pregnant lacZ+ @entity19 (Muta @entity19 ) were treated with @entity331 (25 mg/kg) by oral gavage on day 10.5 of pregnancy. This dose of @entity331 is the optimal dose observed by other investigators for activity in the @entity19 coat colour spot test. Day 10.5 of pregnancy represents the stage when the embryonic liver first becomes visually discernable. By day 15.5, when the maternal and embryonic livers were analysed for lacZ- mutation frequency, the embryonic liver is the largest tissue in the embryo (approximately 25 mg). These experiments therefore represent treatment of a small pool of progenitor hepatocytes just as they are entering into an intense wave of cell division--optimum conditions for the fixation of mutations. Exposure to @entity331 led to an average fourfold, and a maximum tenfold increase in mutation frequency in the embryonic livers. This relatively weak response is consistent with lacZ- mutants not having a growth advantage; unlike in the @entity19 spot test, clonal amplification of lacZ- mutants cannot be separately scored. The level of mutation in the control embryonic livers was lower than that of the maternal control livers, but the group sizes were too small to conclude this definitively. Embryonic livers from each individual mother showed a range of mutation frequencies that were not obviously related to that of the maternal liver. On a treatment group basis, @entity331 was non-mutagenic to maternal livers. Half of the embryonic livers yielded DNA that failed to package, despite repeated attempts and re-isolation of the DNA from the liver. The cause of this unexpected finding is not clear. What is clear is that it was not due to the @entity331 treatment because eight of 22 control embryonic livers behaved similarly. These preliminary results suggest that further research is required in order to establish a practical transgenic analogue of the @entity19 coat colour spot test.

title: Consideration of the liver of embryonic lacZ @entity19 as an analogue of the XXXX coat colour spot test: preliminary data and technical problems.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1492 ( @entity1492 ) is a soft tissue sarcoma of @entity1 mainly involving lower extremities usually presenting during the first year of life. A subset of cases occur in the head and neck, but scalp involvement is exceptionally rare. @entity1 AND METHODS: We report clinicopathological features of three cases of @entity1492 involving the scalp diagnosed between 2011 and 2012. RESULTS: The ages of the three @entity1 at the time of diagnosis ranged from 12 to 90  days (mean 48  days). All were males and presented with @entity4 at birth which grew rapidly in size. The @entity5 was located in the left temporal region in two cases and the right temporoparietal region in one case. On imaging, underlying bone involvement was noted in two cases. The mean size of the resected @entity5 was 8  cm. All cases exhibited a cellular @entity5 arranged in sheets of uniform oval to spindle cells, increased mitosis, and @entity2698 -like vessels. All @entity1 are alive after a mean follow-up of 39.6  months. Recurrence was seen in one case due to incomplete excision. No @entity3 was seen in any of the cases. CONCLUSION: @entity1492 of the scalp is rare and carries a good prognosis. Underlying @entity79 is rare but was noted seen in two of our cases. A male predominance was seen in our cases.

title: XXXX of the scalp: a case series and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['scalp swelling']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital infantile fibrosarcoma', 'CIFS']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1492 :: (MESH:D005354,Disease) :: ['Congenital (infantile) fibrosarcoma']


abstract: @entity519 is a hallmark of chronically inflamed tissue. @entity519 develops from @entity455 and increased @entity26 consumption by infiltrating leukocytes. With respect to @entity29 ( @entity29 ), @entity519 is likely to be of particular importance: Impairment of the intestinal barrier during @entity29 allows @entity519 from the lumen of the gut to spread to formerly normoxic tissue. In addition, disturbed perfusion of inflamed tissue and a higher @entity26 demand of infiltrating immune cells lead to low @entity26 levels in inflamed mucosal tissue. Here, cells become @entity519 and must now adapt to this condition. The @entity519 inducible factor (HIF)-1 complex is a key transcription factor for cellular adaption to low @entity26 tension. HIF-1 is a heterodimer formed by two subunits: HIF-a (either @entity1965 or @entity22168 ) and @entity28269 . Under normoxic conditions, hydroxylation of the HIF-a subunit by specific @entity26 -dependent @entity10783 hydroxylases (PHDs) leads to ubiquitin proteasome-dependent degradation. Under @entity519 conditions, however, @entity9474 activity is inhibited; thus, HIF-a can translocate into the nucleus, dimerize with @entity28269 , and bind to @entity519 -responsive elements of HIF-1 target genes. So far, most studies have addressed the function of @entity1965 in intestinal epithelial cells and the effect of HIF stabilization by @entity9474 inhibitors in @entity19 models of @entity1960 . Furthermore, the role of @entity1965 in immune cells becomes more and more important as T cells or dendritic cells for which HIF-1 is of critical importance are highly involved in the pathogenesis of @entity29 . This review will summarize the function of @entity1965 and the therapeutic prospects for targeting the HIF pathway in @entity32 .

title: XXXX sensing in @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'anoxia', 'hypoxia', 'hypoxic']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: @entity519 is a hallmark of chronically inflamed tissue. @entity519 develops from @entity455 and increased @entity26 consumption by infiltrating leukocytes. With respect to @entity29 ( @entity29 ), @entity519 is likely to be of particular importance: Impairment of the intestinal barrier during @entity29 allows @entity519 from the lumen of the gut to spread to formerly normoxic tissue. In addition, disturbed perfusion of inflamed tissue and a higher @entity26 demand of infiltrating immune cells lead to low @entity26 levels in inflamed mucosal tissue. Here, cells become @entity519 and must now adapt to this condition. The @entity519 inducible factor (HIF)-1 complex is a key transcription factor for cellular adaption to low @entity26 tension. HIF-1 is a heterodimer formed by two subunits: HIF-a (either @entity1965 or @entity22168 ) and @entity28269 . Under normoxic conditions, hydroxylation of the HIF-a subunit by specific @entity26 -dependent @entity10783 hydroxylases (PHDs) leads to ubiquitin proteasome-dependent degradation. Under @entity519 conditions, however, @entity9474 activity is inhibited; thus, HIF-a can translocate into the nucleus, dimerize with @entity28269 , and bind to @entity519 -responsive elements of HIF-1 target genes. So far, most studies have addressed the function of @entity1965 in intestinal epithelial cells and the effect of HIF stabilization by @entity9474 inhibitors in @entity19 models of @entity1960 . Furthermore, the role of @entity1965 in immune cells becomes more and more important as T cells or dendritic cells for which HIF-1 is of critical importance are highly involved in the pathogenesis of @entity29 . This review will summarize the function of @entity1965 and the therapeutic prospects for targeting the HIF pathway in @entity32 .

title: @entity26 sensing in XXXX .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['intestinal mucosal inflammation']


abstract: Anatomical and histopathological findings in 12 cases of @entity22174 (nine with classic full trisomy and three with trisomy 13 and an unbalanced Robertsonian 13/13 translocation) are reported. Emphasis is on the brain defects, @entity854 , and histological organ @entity1141 . Eight @entity1 showed @entity245 ( @entity10146 ). @entity65 were invariably present, the leading @entity600 being an infundibular @entity1757 often in combination with dextroposition of the aorta and @entity340 . @entity854 giving evidence of organ @entity1141 were observed in the central nervous system, eyes, pancreas, kidneys, and ovaries. Mild @entity8 was a constant feature. Foci of persistent nodular renal blastema were found in six cases. The @entity788 appears to be pathognomonic for trisomy 13. These observations illustrate the importance of pathological studies in the recognition of @entity2008 and, more specifically, of @entity22174 . Based on autopsy data, trisomy 13 can be diagnosed - or ruled out - with certainty, even in the absence of karyotyping.

title: The pathology of XXXX . A study of 12 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['cystic renal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal development of the forebrain and midline facial structures']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Histological abnormalities', 'cardiovascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity10146 :: ('MESH:D016142', 'Disease') :: ['holoprosencephaly']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the semilunar valves']

entities_list: @entity22174 :: ('MESH:C536305', 'Disease') :: ['trisomy 13 syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity22174 :: (MESH:C536305,Disease) :: ['trisomy 13 syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduced motor performance can negatively affect physical activity and social partake after @entity5 . Especially in @entity3478 @entity1 , who are at risk of physical limitations due to surgical interventions, motor performance has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing motor performance in pediatric @entity3478 @entity1 . PROCEDURE: Motor performance was measured within 2 years posttreatment using the MOON (test for MOtor performance in pediatric ONcology) test. This instrument enables quantitative data collection even in physically impaired @entity1 for comparison with age-matched and sex-matched reference values. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 (13 male) ages 15.2  2.1 years (median: 15 y, 10 to 19 y) and 9.4  7.4 months posttreatment (median: 6 mo, 2 to 24 mo) were tested. Motor performance was slightly reduced in muscular endurance of the legs; significantly reduced in speed, flexibility, @entity735 , and muscular explosive strength (P<0.001), whereas @entity1 ' hand grip strength and static balance were superior to the reference values. Follow-up duration, body mass index, and @entity5 localization apparently affected motor performance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show serious reductions in motor performance within 2 years after @entity3478 treatment and highlight the need for interventions to improve motor performance. The results should be used to advise and support @entity1 to engage in suitable physical and sports activities.

title: Motor Performance After Treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eye-hand coordination']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumor']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Bone Tumors']


abstract: Three patterns of care outcome surveys in @entity263 totalling 1516 @entity1 had been combined and analyzed for the effect of dose on infield recurrence. There are significant dose effects observed in the overall data (1516 @entity1 , p = .003), @entity5 (725 @entity1 , p = .004) and @entity5 (624 @entity1 , p = .059). No dose effect was observed for @entity5 (168 @entity1 , p = .217) within the dose range observed (5500 cGy to greater than 7000 cGy). For @entity1 with Stage B @entity5 one may conclude that dose between 6000 cGy and 6999 cGy is appropriate. @entity1 treated to less than 6000 cGy show a highly significant increase in local failure. @entity1 treated to greater than 7000 cGy do not show a demonstrable improvement in local control, but do show an increase in complications. @entity1 with Stage C @entity5 appear to require dose that is equal or greater than 7000 cGy to obtain the best local control, and the potential increased morbidity of these high doses appears to be justified in this stage of the disease. @entity1 who have been given hormonal therapy more than 1 month prior to radiation therapy show an increase in local failure rate for all stages of @entity5 . This is presumed to be the selection of poor risk @entity1 for adjuvant hormonal treatment or by referring non-responding hormone treated @entity1 for radiation therapy. Histologic grade exerts a major influence on local failure for @entity1 with Stage C disease (p = less than .001), identifying an important stratification point for prospective clinical trials and a sub-group for which it is important to develop strategies for improving local control. The policy of treating all stages of @entity263 with the same dose is not supported by these data.

title: The effect of dose on local control of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage A cancers', 'Stage C cancers', 'cancer', 'Stage B cancers']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: One-hundred-eight @entity1 from a consecutive series of 125 anterior lumbar interbody fusions were invited to participate in a radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging assessment more than 10 years after the original surgery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the long-term incidence of @entity1797 adjacent to an anterior interbody fusion and to determine whether this was influenced by the length of the fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Biomechanical studies in @entity1 cadaver spines support the view that fusion in the lumbar spine is likely to be associated with an increased incidence of degeneration at adjacent levels, but there is little reliable information on the incidence of juxtafusion degeneration from the few long-term studies of lumbar spine fusion reported in the literature. METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity1 agreed to take part in the study, but in six cases the magnetic resonance imaging procedure had to be abandoned. Of the 81 @entity1 who underwent both radiographic assessment and magnetic resonance imaging scanning, preoperative discography had demonstrated a normal disc above the level of the fusion in 52. This group of @entity1 formed the basis of this report. Each sequence of magnetic resonance imaging films was examined by one radiologist. The signal strength was assessed on T2-weighted images in the sagittal plane and disc morphology was assessed on T1- and T2-weighted sagittal and T1-weighted axial images. Fusion status was assessed on the plain films and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The incidence of a normal adjacent intervertebral disc in cases of solid fusions to the sacrum was 68%. This was not influenced by the length of the fusion. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that degeneration after an anterior lumbar interbody fusion is determined more by individual characteristics than by the fusion itself.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of XXXX 10 years after anterior lumbar interbody fusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['disc degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Anecdotal reports of increased libido and sexual function in @entity1 taking @entity3346 have led to its empirical use in @entity1 with @entity323 . A retrospective review of @entity1 -reported responses to @entity3346 was performed to outline the efficacy and side-effect profile of this agent. METHODS: Between 1989 and 1994, 182 @entity1 were placed on oral @entity3346 as empirical therapy for @entity323 . @entity1 ranged in age from 26 to 85 years, with a mean of 60 years. @entity1 were evaluated before receiving @entity3346 with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Known risk factors for @entity323 were assigned based on historical information and the findings of the examination. @entity1 received @entity3346 for at least 2 consecutive months, with daily doses starting at 25 mg. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-seven @entity1 were available for follow-up by a standardized questionnaire regarding perceived improvement in erectile function, sexual function, and side effects. In @entity1 less than 60 years of age, with no known risk factors for @entity323 , 21 of 27 (78%) showed significant improvement in erectile ability. Smokers and @entity1 older than 60 years with a history of significant @entity1095 responded poorly to @entity3346 therapy. The duration of @entity323 was inversely related to a response to @entity3346 . Of @entity1 with a duration of @entity323 less than 12 months, 48% reported a positive response. Only 16% of @entity1 with duration of @entity323 greater than 60 months reported improvement in erections and sexual function. @entity3346 was well tolerated by this population, with 62% reporting no side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of a nonrandomized, retrospective study, @entity3346 appears to benefit younger @entity1 with @entity323 with few known risk factors. A prospective, placebo-controlled trial is needed to confirm the observations of this pilot study.

title: Oral @entity3346 as empirical therapy for XXXX : a retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence', 'erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3346 :: ('MESH:D014196', 'Chemical') :: ['Trazodone', 'trazodone']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Anecdotal reports of increased libido and sexual function in @entity1 taking @entity3346 have led to its empirical use in @entity1 with @entity323 . A retrospective review of @entity1 -reported responses to @entity3346 was performed to outline the efficacy and side-effect profile of this agent. METHODS: Between 1989 and 1994, 182 @entity1 were placed on oral @entity3346 as empirical therapy for @entity323 . @entity1 ranged in age from 26 to 85 years, with a mean of 60 years. @entity1 were evaluated before receiving @entity3346 with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Known risk factors for @entity323 were assigned based on historical information and the findings of the examination. @entity1 received @entity3346 for at least 2 consecutive months, with daily doses starting at 25 mg. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-seven @entity1 were available for follow-up by a standardized questionnaire regarding perceived improvement in erectile function, sexual function, and side effects. In @entity1 less than 60 years of age, with no known risk factors for @entity323 , 21 of 27 (78%) showed significant improvement in erectile ability. Smokers and @entity1 older than 60 years with a history of significant @entity1095 responded poorly to @entity3346 therapy. The duration of @entity323 was inversely related to a response to @entity3346 . Of @entity1 with a duration of @entity323 less than 12 months, 48% reported a positive response. Only 16% of @entity1 with duration of @entity323 greater than 60 months reported improvement in erections and sexual function. @entity3346 was well tolerated by this population, with 62% reporting no side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of a nonrandomized, retrospective study, @entity3346 appears to benefit younger @entity1 with @entity323 with few known risk factors. A prospective, placebo-controlled trial is needed to confirm the observations of this pilot study.

title: Oral XXXX as empirical therapy for @entity323 : a retrospective review.

answer: @entity3346 :: (MESH:D014196,Chemical) :: ['trazodone']


abstract: As the @entity1 body ages, the risk of @entity299 and @entity64 greatly increases. While there is evidence that lifelong exercise is beneficial to the heart's health, the effects of beginning exercise later in life remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether exercise training started later in life is beneficial to cardiac aging in @entity238 . We examined 4-week-old wild-type virgin female flies that were exposed to exercise periods of either 1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 h per day, 5 days a week for 2 weeks. Using M-mode traces to analyze cardiac function by looking at parameters including heart rate, rhythmicity, systolic and diastolic diameter, and interval and fractional @entity3207 , we found that cardiac function declined with age, shown by an increase in the number of @entity955 events and a decrease in fractional @entity3207 . About 2.0 and 2.5 h of exercise per day displayed a reduced incidence of @entity955 events, and only physical exercise lasting 2.5-h period increased fractional @entity3207 and total sleep time in @entity238 . These data suggested that training exercise needs to be performed for longer duration to exert physiological benefits for the aging heart. Additionally, climbing ability to assess the exercise-induced @entity121 was also measured. We found that 2.0 and 2.5 h of exercise caused exercise-induced @entity1295 , and fatiguing exercise is beneficial for cardiac and healthy aging overall. This study provides a basis for further study in @entity1 on the impact of beginning an exercise regimen later in life on cardiac health.

title: Fatiguing exercise initiated later in life reduces incidence of @entity955 and improves sleep quality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fatigue']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: As the @entity1 body ages, the risk of @entity299 and @entity64 greatly increases. While there is evidence that lifelong exercise is beneficial to the heart's health, the effects of beginning exercise later in life remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether exercise training started later in life is beneficial to cardiac aging in @entity238 . We examined 4-week-old wild-type virgin female flies that were exposed to exercise periods of either 1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 h per day, 5 days a week for 2 weeks. Using M-mode traces to analyze cardiac function by looking at parameters including heart rate, rhythmicity, systolic and diastolic diameter, and interval and fractional @entity3207 , we found that cardiac function declined with age, shown by an increase in the number of @entity955 events and a decrease in fractional @entity3207 . About 2.0 and 2.5 h of exercise per day displayed a reduced incidence of @entity955 events, and only physical exercise lasting 2.5-h period increased fractional @entity3207 and total sleep time in @entity238 . These data suggested that training exercise needs to be performed for longer duration to exert physiological benefits for the aging heart. Additionally, climbing ability to assess the exercise-induced @entity121 was also measured. We found that 2.0 and 2.5 h of exercise caused exercise-induced @entity1295 , and fatiguing exercise is beneficial for cardiac and healthy aging overall. This study provides a basis for further study in @entity1 on the impact of beginning an exercise regimen later in life on cardiac health.

title: Fatiguing exercise initiated later in life reduces incidence of XXXX and improves sleep quality in @entity238 .

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['fibrillation']


abstract: The effects of the 27 X 10(3) Mr insecticidal delta-endotoxin from @entity25551 have been studied using, as a model system, isolated insect Malpighian tubules. At all concentrations of the @entity73261 higher than 1 microgram ml-1 (4 X 10(-8) moll-1) applied to the outer surface of the tubules, fluid secretion failed within about 30 min. Except at very high concentrations, where @entity177 always takes at least 30 s, there was an inverse relationship between the concentration of @entity73261 and the time of @entity177 of @entity73261 -treated tubules. During exposure to @entity73261 , the tubules were initially unaffected for a relatively long period and then rapid @entity177 occurred. If the tubules were removed into @entity73261 -free saline just before @entity177 would have occurred, fluid secretion remained normal for at least 2 h, but on return to the origin @entity73261 -containing saline @entity177 was almost immediate. The @entity73261 was found not to bind to the basement membrane. Ultrastructural changes became evident as tubule @entity177 occurred. These initially involved modifications to the basal side of the cells, but later also to the luminal microvilli. Intercellular junctions became disassociated and cytoplasmic vacuolization occurred. The population of intramembranous particles in the basal membranes became reduced with time. Our findings suggest the following hypothesis for the initial stages in the interaction of the @entity73261 with the tubules. @entity73261 molecules attach to the accessible cell membranes progressively and irreversibly. They do not readily associate by diffusing laterally in the membrane, so that toxic effects develop only when sufficiently large numbers of them attach close together. The molecules may then associate in some way as a complex, perhaps forming a pore in the membrane. Relatively few such pores lead rapidly to cell @entity177 and @entity204 .

title: The initial stages in the action of an insecticidal delta-endotoxin of XXXX on the epithelial cells of the malpighian tubules of the insect, Rhodnius prolixus.

entities_list: @entity25551 :: ('1430', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis']

answer: @entity25551 :: (1430,Species) :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Measuring activity spaces, places adolescents spend time, provides information about relations between contextual exposures and @entity146 . We studied whether contextual exposures in adolescents' activity spaces differ from contextual risks present in residential contexts and examined relationships between contextual exposures in activity spaces and @entity285 /marijuana use. METHODS: Adolescents (N  = 18) aged 16-17 years carried @entity262 ( @entity262 )-enabled smartphones for 1 week, with locations tracked. Activity spaces were created by connecting @entity262 points sequentially and adding buffers. Contextual exposure data (e.g., @entity285 outlets) were connected to routes. Adolescents completed texts regarding behaviors. RESULTS: Adolescent activity spaces intersected 24.3 census tracts and contained nine times more @entity285 outlets than that of residential census tracts. Outlet exposure in activity spaces was related to drinking. Low-socioeconomic status exposure was related to marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest substantial differences between activity spaces and residential contexts and suggest that activity spaces are relevant for adolescent @entity146 .

title: Tracking Adolescents With Global Positioning System-Enabled Cell Phones to Study Contextual Exposures and XXXX and Marijuana Use: A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['global positioning system', 'GPS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['risk behaviors']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: The immunological detection of @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) and the functional release of @entity3514 (R123) have been compared in a number of @entity1 and @entity19 @entity5 cell lines, in chemo- and/or radiotherapy-resistant subclones, and in clinical specimens from @entity1 . The chemoresistance level was established from the viability index (IC50) in the presence of @entity632 . Cytocentrifuge preparations were immunostained with JSB-1 monoclonal antibody followed by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique. The strength of the reaction was quantified by a digital image analyser. The kinetic incorporation and release of @entity3514 were evaluated by flow cytometry. The parent cell lines and radiotherapy resistant subclones showed a low IC50, were JSB-1 negative and retained R123 during the whole experiment, while the chemoresistant and radio-chemoresistant cell line mutants had a high IC50, were JSB-1 positive, and actively pumped the R123 out of the cells. Good correlations were obtained between the IC50, the digital image analysis, and flow cytometry. The kinetic profile of the R123 release allowed the distinction between typical and atypical multidrug resistance phenotypes. These findings were confirmed in clinical specimens from @entity1 . We conclude that antigenic and functional studies are complementary and are useful in experimental and clinical approaches to multidrug resistance.

title: Comparative study of multidrug resistance evaluated by means of the quantitative immunohistochemical detection of @entity1262 and the functional release of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3514 :: ('CHEBI:8828', 'Chemical') :: ['Rhodamine 123']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity3514 :: (CHEBI:8828,Chemical) :: ['rhodamine 123']


abstract: The immunological detection of @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) and the functional release of @entity3514 (R123) have been compared in a number of @entity1 and @entity19 @entity5 cell lines, in chemo- and/or radiotherapy-resistant subclones, and in clinical specimens from @entity1 . The chemoresistance level was established from the viability index (IC50) in the presence of @entity632 . Cytocentrifuge preparations were immunostained with JSB-1 monoclonal antibody followed by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase technique. The strength of the reaction was quantified by a digital image analyser. The kinetic incorporation and release of @entity3514 were evaluated by flow cytometry. The parent cell lines and radiotherapy resistant subclones showed a low IC50, were JSB-1 negative and retained R123 during the whole experiment, while the chemoresistant and radio-chemoresistant cell line mutants had a high IC50, were JSB-1 positive, and actively pumped the R123 out of the cells. Good correlations were obtained between the IC50, the digital image analysis, and flow cytometry. The kinetic profile of the R123 release allowed the distinction between typical and atypical multidrug resistance phenotypes. These findings were confirmed in clinical specimens from @entity1 . We conclude that antigenic and functional studies are complementary and are useful in experimental and clinical approaches to multidrug resistance.

title: Comparative study of multidrug resistance evaluated by means of the quantitative immunohistochemical detection of XXXX and the functional release of @entity3514 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['P-glycoprotein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Published prognostic models for overall survival after liver resection for @entity1419 require external validation before use in clinical practice. STUDY DESIGN: From January 1993 to May 2013, consecutive @entity1 who underwent resection of @entity1419 were identified from a prospective database. The Wang nomogram was derived in an Asian cohort (n = 367) and included clinicopathologic variables and preoperative @entity787 levels. The Hyder nomogram was derived in an Eastern and Western multicenter cohort (n = 514) using clinicopathologic variables only. The AJCC Cancer Staging System (7th ed) and the preoperative Fudan risk score were also evaluated. Prognostic performance was assessed in terms of discrimination, calibration, and stratification. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-eight @entity1 were included, with a median follow-up of 41 months. Median overall survival was 48.7 months and estimated 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 59% and 45%, respectively. Overall survival prediction accuracy, according to concordance-index calculation, was 0.72 with the Wang nomogram, 0.66 with the Hyder nomogram, 0.63 with the AJCC system, and 0.55 using the Fudan score. Both nomograms provided effective @entity1 stratification in distinct survival groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both the Wang and Hyder nomograms provided accurate @entity1 prognosis estimation after liver resection for @entity1419 and can be useful for decision making about adjuvant therapy. The Wang nomogram appears to be more appropriate in @entity1 undergoing formal portal lymphadenectomy and requires preoperative @entity787 levels for optimal performance.

title: Outcomes after Resection of XXXX : External Validation and Comparison of Prognostic Models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA and cancer antigen 19-9']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4037 repair (LVHR) is associated with considerable @entity282 . Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks have proven effective in controlling @entity282 in a variety of laparoscopic abdominal operations. To date, no studies have focused on TAP blocks in LVHR. Our goal was to assess whether TAP blocks reduce opioid requirements and @entity158 scores after LVHR. STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 undergoing LVHR were randomly assigned to receive a TAP block or placebo injection. The primary end points were cumulative opioid use at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours postoperatively and @entity158 scores recorded at 1 and 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: @entity1 in the experimental TAP group (n  = 52) and control group (n  = 48) were comparable with respect to @entity1 demographics and clinical characteristics. In the postanesthesia care unit, the TAP group had significantly lower @entity158 scores than the control group (p < 0.05). @entity1 in the TAP group used less opioids than the control group at each time point assessed after 6 hours postoperatively (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in @entity158 scores at 24 hours postoperatively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Transversus abdominis plane blocks given during LVHR significantly decrease both short-term postoperative opioid use and @entity158 experienced by @entity1 .

title: Laparoscopic-Assisted Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for XXXX Control in @entity4037 : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['Laparoscopic ventral hernia']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4037 repair (LVHR) is associated with considerable @entity282 . Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks have proven effective in controlling @entity282 in a variety of laparoscopic abdominal operations. To date, no studies have focused on TAP blocks in LVHR. Our goal was to assess whether TAP blocks reduce opioid requirements and @entity158 scores after LVHR. STUDY DESIGN: @entity1 undergoing LVHR were randomly assigned to receive a TAP block or placebo injection. The primary end points were cumulative opioid use at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours postoperatively and @entity158 scores recorded at 1 and 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: @entity1 in the experimental TAP group (n  = 52) and control group (n  = 48) were comparable with respect to @entity1 demographics and clinical characteristics. In the postanesthesia care unit, the TAP group had significantly lower @entity158 scores than the control group (p < 0.05). @entity1 in the TAP group used less opioids than the control group at each time point assessed after 6 hours postoperatively (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in @entity158 scores at 24 hours postoperatively (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Transversus abdominis plane blocks given during LVHR significantly decrease both short-term postoperative opioid use and @entity158 experienced by @entity1 .

title: Laparoscopic-Assisted Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for @entity282 Control in XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair']


abstract: Cancer incidence increases progressively with age. This observation suggests that a mechanistic relationship may exist at the cellular level between these two apparently diverse processes. Indirect evidence for this fundamental relationship is derived from the fact that interventions that retard the rate of aging simultaneously retard the incidence of many forms of @entity5 . Dietary restriction of rodents is a noninvasive manipulation that reproducibly retards most physiological indices of aging as well as the incidence of spontaneous and chemically induced @entity5 . As such, it provides a powerful model in which to study common mechanistic processes associated with both aging and @entity5 . In a recent study, we established that chronic dietary restriction induces an increase in the spontaneous rate of apoptotic cell death in hepatocytes of 12-month-old B6C3F1 @entity19 and is associated with a significant reduction in the subsequent development of spontaneous @entity157 in this genetically susceptible strain. The purpose of the present investigation was to extend and confirm these original observations by determining whether the increased rate of spontaneous apoptosis with chronic dietary restriction is maintained throughout the life span in this strain. We quantified the spontaneous apoptotic rate by histological examination of liver sections from diet-restricted and ad libitum-fed B6C3F1 @entity19 at age intervals of 12, 18, 24, and 30 months. The incidence of apoptotic bodies was enumerated in non- @entity5 -bearing @entity19 by scoring 50,000 hepatocytes per liver by in situ end-labeling immunohistochemistry and was expressed as the mean incidence per 100 cells. The rate of apoptotic cell death was found to be elevated with age in both diet groups; however, the rate of apoptosis was significantly and consistently higher in the diet-restricted @entity19 , relative to the ad libitum-fed @entity19 , regardless of age. It has been proposed that apoptosis, or physiological cell death, provides a protective mechanism whereby DNA-damaged or potentially neoplastic cells are selectively eliminated. Thus, interventions that increase cellular sensitivity to apoptotic cell death would tend to protect genotypic and phenotypic stability with age; on the other hand, the failure to initiate or respond to appropriate signals for apoptosis would tend to accelerate the accumulation of age-associated @entity74 and age-related @entity5 . An increase in the intrinsic rate of apoptotic cell death may contribute, in part, to decreased @entity5 incidence and increased life span potential with dietary restriction.

title: Age-related changes in the intrinsic rate of apoptosis in livers of diet-restricted and ad libitum-fed B6C3F1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesions']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Occupational @entity566 caused by plants is seldom reported although it is probably relatively common. We report on a 22-year-old male atopic caretaker of plants who developed IgE-mediated @entity2023 , @entity7552 , @entity7551 , and contact and generalized @entity110 caused by exposure to spathe flower (Spathiphyllum wallisii) while he was working for a firm that supplied plants to offices. He also had an @entity748 at work, but in bronchial provocation tests conducted 8 months after he had stopped doing the work in question, he developed @entity7370 , @entity7551 , and @entity7552 , but exhibited neither bronchial reaction nor fall in PEF values. Prick tests with spathe flower gave 3+ reactions for exudates from the flower, pollen, stem, and leaves. He also had several positive reactions to fruits, vegetables, and spices, but not to natural rubber latex. The radioallergosorbent test with spathe flower was positive (3.4 PRU/ml, close to class 3). In protein staining with @entity214 -PAGE, one heavy band was detected at about 14 kDa, and other faint bands were visible on both sides. Six faint bands were detected at the mol. mass range of 30-67 kDa. In IgE immunoblotting, one heavy band was detected at about 14 kDa. The @entity1 became symptomless after he had ceased working with plants.

title: Occupational XXXX caused by spathe flower (Spathiphyllum wallisii).

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic attack']

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are major mediators in @entity5 microenvironment. We investigated the changes in protein expression in @entity694 -associated fibroblasts compared with normal fibroblasts (NF) in the context of searching for prognostic biomarkers, particularly for stage II @entity1 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity13808 and NFs isolated from @entity694 @entity1 were used to identify differentially expressed proteins using quantitative proteomics. Stromal expression of deregulated proteins was analyzed by IHC. Prognostic impact was studied using external gene-expression datasets for training, then quantitative PCR and IHC for validation in different cohorts of @entity1 . Combined datasets were used for prediction of risk assessment at stages II and III. RESULTS: A desmoplastic signature composed of 32 proteins, highly specific for stromal components in @entity694 , was identified. These proteins were enriched for extracellular matrix organization components, TGFb signaling pathway, @entity82 , and wound-healing proteins. The expression in @entity13808 of 11 upregulated proteins and four downregulated proteins, selected for biomarker validation, was verified by orthogonal techniques. @entity30351 displayed a high prognostic impact by using external independent datasets and further validation in two different cohorts of @entity1 . High expression of @entity30351 was associated with higher recurrence P = 0.001 HR, 5.38 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70-17.01] and overall survival P = 0.001 HR, 8.52 (95% CI, 1.90-38.29). IHC analysis revealed a prognostic value for @entity30351 in stage II @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We identified @entity30351 to be associated with the outcome of @entity694 @entity1 . Furthermore, it can be used to stratify @entity1 at stages II and III for further therapeutic decisions. Clin Cancer Res; 1-11.   2015 AACR.

title: @entity30351 Is Highly Expressed in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Associates to Poor XXXX Survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are major mediators in @entity5 microenvironment. We investigated the changes in protein expression in @entity694 -associated fibroblasts compared with normal fibroblasts (NF) in the context of searching for prognostic biomarkers, particularly for stage II @entity1 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity13808 and NFs isolated from @entity694 @entity1 were used to identify differentially expressed proteins using quantitative proteomics. Stromal expression of deregulated proteins was analyzed by IHC. Prognostic impact was studied using external gene-expression datasets for training, then quantitative PCR and IHC for validation in different cohorts of @entity1 . Combined datasets were used for prediction of risk assessment at stages II and III. RESULTS: A desmoplastic signature composed of 32 proteins, highly specific for stromal components in @entity694 , was identified. These proteins were enriched for extracellular matrix organization components, TGFb signaling pathway, @entity82 , and wound-healing proteins. The expression in @entity13808 of 11 upregulated proteins and four downregulated proteins, selected for biomarker validation, was verified by orthogonal techniques. @entity30351 displayed a high prognostic impact by using external independent datasets and further validation in two different cohorts of @entity1 . High expression of @entity30351 was associated with higher recurrence P = 0.001 HR, 5.38 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70-17.01] and overall survival P = 0.001 HR, 8.52 (95% CI, 1.90-38.29). IHC analysis revealed a prognostic value for @entity30351 in stage II @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We identified @entity30351 to be associated with the outcome of @entity694 @entity1 . Furthermore, it can be used to stratify @entity1 at stages II and III for further therapeutic decisions. Clin Cancer Res; 1-11.   2015 AACR.

title: XXXX Is Highly Expressed in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Associates to Poor @entity694 Survival.

answer: @entity30351 :: (4017,Gene) :: ['LOXL2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) mortality has declined in the United States, in part because of advances in treatment. Few studies have evaluated the adoption of therapies and temporal changes in patterns of care. METHODS: @entity1 age 20 years and older diagnosed with stages II/III @entity14 were randomly sampled from the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program in 1990-1991, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 (n = 7057). Therapy was obtained from medical records and physician verification. We described the receipt of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Log-binomial regression was used to examine factors associated with therapy. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Chemotherapy receipt among @entity694 @entity1 increased from 1990 (stage II: 22.5%; stage III: 56.3%) to 2005 (stage II: 32.1%; stage III: 72.4%) and declined slightly in 2010 (stage II: 29.3%; stage III: 66.4%). Stage III @entity694 @entity1 who were older (vs <55 years, 75-79 years: risk ratio [RR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71 to 0.91; >= 80 years: RR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.28 to 0.47) or had a comorbidity score of 2 or higher (vs 0, RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.87) received chemotherapy less often. Receipt of radiation therapy by @entity5 @entity1 increased across all years from 45.5% to 66.1%. Increasing age (vs <55 years, 75-79 years: RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.74; >= 80 years: RR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.45) was associated with lower chemoradiation use among stage II/III @entity5 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate increased adoption of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for @entity694 @entity1 and differences in therapy by age, comorbidity, and diagnosis year. Increased receipt of these therapies in the community may further reduce @entity14 mortality.

title: Patterns of XXXX Care in the United States: 1990-2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the current literature pertaining to the cardiovascular adaptations to exercise and the impact on the physical examination, the electrocardiogram, and the echocardiogram, and to distinguish those physiologic changes from pathologic conditions associated with @entity1164 in athletes. DATA SYNTHESIS: Specific cardiovascular adaptations occur in response to regular physical exercise. The extent of these changes depend on the type and duration of exercise as well as the gender of the athlete. These cardiac adaptations are morphologically different from those conditions associated with @entity1164 . In the athlete younger than 35 years, @entity1121 is the most common @entity299 associated with @entity944 . Right @entity67 , idiopathic @entity4346 , @entity301 , @entity731 , and @entity1614 compose the majority of the remaining causes of @entity1164 in athletes. In the athlete older than 35 years, @entity453 is the leading cause of @entity944 followed by those conditions responsible for @entity944 in the younger athlete. Despite this, regular exercise before or following a @entity583 provides a protective effect with respect to overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and fatal reinfarction rates. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular adaptation to regular physical exercise leads to morphologic changes in the myocardium that influence the cardiac examination, the electrocardiogram, and the echocardiogram. Knowledge and recognition of those changes can allow the clinician to distinguish normal physiologic changes from @entity299 . Proper detection of athletes at high risk for @entity1164 and abstention from vigorous physical activity in these athletes may prevent @entity944 .

title: @entity1164 and the ' XXXX '.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac condition', 'cardiac abnormality']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['premature atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['athlete's heart']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the current literature pertaining to the cardiovascular adaptations to exercise and the impact on the physical examination, the electrocardiogram, and the echocardiogram, and to distinguish those physiologic changes from pathologic conditions associated with @entity1164 in athletes. DATA SYNTHESIS: Specific cardiovascular adaptations occur in response to regular physical exercise. The extent of these changes depend on the type and duration of exercise as well as the gender of the athlete. These cardiac adaptations are morphologically different from those conditions associated with @entity1164 . In the athlete younger than 35 years, @entity1121 is the most common @entity299 associated with @entity944 . Right @entity67 , idiopathic @entity4346 , @entity301 , @entity731 , and @entity1614 compose the majority of the remaining causes of @entity1164 in athletes. In the athlete older than 35 years, @entity453 is the leading cause of @entity944 followed by those conditions responsible for @entity944 in the younger athlete. Despite this, regular exercise before or following a @entity583 provides a protective effect with respect to overall mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and fatal reinfarction rates. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular adaptation to regular physical exercise leads to morphologic changes in the myocardium that influence the cardiac examination, the electrocardiogram, and the echocardiogram. Knowledge and recognition of those changes can allow the clinician to distinguish normal physiologic changes from @entity299 . Proper detection of athletes at high risk for @entity1164 and abstention from vigorous physical activity in these athletes may prevent @entity944 .

title: XXXX and the ' @entity299 '.

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['Sudden cardiac death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) increases the risk of severe @entity4053 (SH) sixfold and affects 30% of adults with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). This systematic review and meta-analysis looks at the educational, technological, and pharmacological interventions aimed at restoring @entity4053 awareness (HA) in adults with @entity1723 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from inception until 1 October 2014. Included studies described HA status at baseline. Outcome measures were SH rates, change in HA, counterregulatory hormone responses, and glycemic control. RESULTS: Forty-three studies (18 randomized controlled trials, 25 before-and-after studies) met the inclusion criteria, comprising 27 educational, 11 technological, and 5 pharmacological interventions. Educational interventions included structured @entity6 on flexible insulin therapy, including psychotherapeutic and behavioral techniques. These were able to reduce SH and improve glycemic control, with greater benefit from the latter two techniques in improving @entity73 . Technological interventions (insulin pump therapy, continuous @entity413 monitoring, and sensor-augmented pump) reduced SH, improved glycemic control, and restored awareness when used in combination with structured education and frequent contact. Pharmacological studies included four insulin studies and one noninsulin study, but with low background SH prevalence rates. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides evidence for the effectiveness of a stepped-care approach in the management of @entity1 with @entity73 , initially with structured @entity6 in flexible insulin therapy, which may incorporate psychotherapeutic and behavioral therapies, progressing to @entity6 technology, incorporating sensors and insulin pumps, in those with persisting need.

title: Interventions That Restore Awareness of @entity4053 in Adults With XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes education', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['IAH', 'Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['Type 1 Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) increases the risk of severe @entity4053 (SH) sixfold and affects 30% of adults with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). This systematic review and meta-analysis looks at the educational, technological, and pharmacological interventions aimed at restoring @entity4053 awareness (HA) in adults with @entity1723 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We searched The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from inception until 1 October 2014. Included studies described HA status at baseline. Outcome measures were SH rates, change in HA, counterregulatory hormone responses, and glycemic control. RESULTS: Forty-three studies (18 randomized controlled trials, 25 before-and-after studies) met the inclusion criteria, comprising 27 educational, 11 technological, and 5 pharmacological interventions. Educational interventions included structured @entity6 on flexible insulin therapy, including psychotherapeutic and behavioral techniques. These were able to reduce SH and improve glycemic control, with greater benefit from the latter two techniques in improving @entity73 . Technological interventions (insulin pump therapy, continuous @entity413 monitoring, and sensor-augmented pump) reduced SH, improved glycemic control, and restored awareness when used in combination with structured education and frequent contact. Pharmacological studies included four insulin studies and one noninsulin study, but with low background SH prevalence rates. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides evidence for the effectiveness of a stepped-care approach in the management of @entity1 with @entity73 , initially with structured @entity6 in flexible insulin therapy, which may incorporate psychotherapeutic and behavioral therapies, progressing to @entity6 technology, incorporating sensors and insulin pumps, in those with persisting need.

title: Interventions That Restore Awareness of XXXX in Adults With @entity1723 : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['Hypoglycemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare two groups of 80 @entity1 undergoing to myocardial revascularization with the use of antifibrinolytic drug @entity927 and its efficacy in reduce @entity548 and blood transfusion. METHODS: Prospective analysis of two groups of 80 @entity1 . Group A-no antifibrinolytic therapy (dec 91-may 92) and group B-fibrinolytic therapy- @entity927 -10g EV (jun-dec/92). Quantification of mediastinal drainage over 12h as well as the blood or derivatives received at the same time. RESULTS: Hospital mortality: group A-3.8%, group B-2.5%. Drainage (12h): group A-602 +/- 547 ml and group B-260 +/- 260 ml (p < 0.001). Blood transfusion (12h): group A-1,782 +/- 1,163 ml and group B-1,105 +/- 839 ml (p < 0.001). COMPLICATIONS: group A-two cases of intraoperative @entity583 , one episode of @entity1087 ; group B-one case of intraoperative MI, one reoperation for @entity548 control, one episode of @entity1087 , one of @entity177 , two @entity1764 and one @entity410 . The mean hospitalization time was ten days in both groups. CONCLUSION: @entity927 was an effective drug in @entity548 control and in reducing blood transfusion in the postoperative of @entity1 submitted to myocardial revascularization.

title: [Use of @entity927 for XXXX control in myocardial revascularization].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid', 'Tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare two groups of 80 @entity1 undergoing to myocardial revascularization with the use of antifibrinolytic drug @entity927 and its efficacy in reduce @entity548 and blood transfusion. METHODS: Prospective analysis of two groups of 80 @entity1 . Group A-no antifibrinolytic therapy (dec 91-may 92) and group B-fibrinolytic therapy- @entity927 -10g EV (jun-dec/92). Quantification of mediastinal drainage over 12h as well as the blood or derivatives received at the same time. RESULTS: Hospital mortality: group A-3.8%, group B-2.5%. Drainage (12h): group A-602 +/- 547 ml and group B-260 +/- 260 ml (p < 0.001). Blood transfusion (12h): group A-1,782 +/- 1,163 ml and group B-1,105 +/- 839 ml (p < 0.001). COMPLICATIONS: group A-two cases of intraoperative @entity583 , one episode of @entity1087 ; group B-one case of intraoperative MI, one reoperation for @entity548 control, one episode of @entity1087 , one of @entity177 , two @entity1764 and one @entity410 . The mean hospitalization time was ten days in both groups. CONCLUSION: @entity927 was an effective drug in @entity548 control and in reducing blood transfusion in the postoperative of @entity1 submitted to myocardial revascularization.

title: [Use of XXXX for @entity548 control in myocardial revascularization].

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity927 :: (MESH:D014148,Chemical) :: ['tranexamic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether joint lavage, viscosupplementation and @entity2713 improve joint @entity158 , function and quality of life in @entity1 with severe @entity2720 . METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with knee and/or ankle @entity625 with and without involvement of other joints underwent joint lavage and subsequent injection of hylan G-F20 and @entity2713 in all affected joints. The @entity1 answered algo-functional questionnaires (Lequesne and WOMAC), visual analog scale for @entity158 (VAS) and SF-36 preoperatively, and at one, three, six and twelve months postoperatively. RESULTS: Sixteen knees, 15 ankles, 8 elbows and one shoulder were treated in 14 @entity1 . Six @entity1 had @entity85 [ankle (1), leg muscle (2) and knees (4)] at 3 months affecting the results. @entity158 did not improve significantly. Function improved (WOMAC p=0.02 and Lequesne p=0.01). The physical component of SF-36 improved at all time points except at 3 months, with best results at one-year follow-up (baseline = 33.4; 1 month = 39.6; 3 months= 37.6; 6 months 39.6 and 1 year = 44.6; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Joint lavage followed by injection of @entity2713 and hylan G-F20 improves function and quality of life progressively up to a year, even in severe @entity2720 . Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

title: Subjective results of joint lavage and viscosupplementation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the variability in rectal and bladder dosimetric parameters determined according to post-implant computed tomography (CT) images in @entity1 with or without a urethral catheter. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity263 who were scheduled to undergo CT after brachytherapy between October 2012 and January 2014 were included. We obtained CT series with and without a urinary catheter in each @entity1 . We compared the rectal and bladder doses in 18 @entity1 on each CT series. RESULTS: The shifts in the seed positions between with and without a catheter in place were 1.3    0.3 mm (mean    standard deviation). The radiation doses to the rectum, as determined on the CT series, with a urethral catheter were higher than those on CT without a catheter (p < 0.001). Radiation doses to the bladder with a catheter were significantly lower than those without a catheter (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: @entity737 ( @entity737 ) with no catheter showed significantly lower rectal doses and higher bladder doses than those of @entity737 with a catheter. We recommend the @entity737 procedure for CT images in @entity1 without a catheter. Use of CT with a catheter is limited to identifying urethral position.

title: Effect of a urinary catheter on seed position and rectal and bladder doses in CT-based post-implant dosimetry for XXXX brachytherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'Post-implant dosimetry']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The incidence and pattern of @entity943 recorded with 24 h ambulatory monitoring were studied in 144 @entity1 with angiographically documented stenoses (greater than or equal to 75%) or occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) and were related to left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. Ambulatory monitoring was performed at the time of coronary angiography and mean follow-up ranged from less than 1 to 5.4 with a mean of 3.3 years. The incidence of @entity1164 (within 1 h after onset of symptoms) was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity432 than in @entity1 with @entity3980 (14/79, 17.7% versus 2/65, 3.1%); (p less than 0.05). One hundred and twenty-two @entity1 had anterior @entity583 documented with ECG and LV-angiograms. The incidence and size of @entity1188 were comparable in @entity1 with @entity3980 stenoses and @entity432 . There was no difference in wall motion abnormalities, LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and ejection fraction in both groups. The majority of @entity1 in both groups showed complex @entity943 of Lown classification IV during Holter monitoring. The incidence of @entity1164 in @entity1 with @entity943 of Lown class IV was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity432 than in @entity1 with @entity3980 stenoses (9/40, 22.5% versus 1/31, 3.2%); (p less than 0.05). Quantitative evaluation of the @entity943 showed that there was no difference between @entity1 with @entity432 and @entity3980 stenoses so far as single PVC's is concerned, yet complex @entity943 (pairs and/or salvos) were found significantly more often in @entity1 with @entity432 than with @entity3980 stenoses (means 9.8 versus 6.3); (p less than 0.05). We conclude therefore that complete occlusion of the @entity3980 is accompanied by more complex @entity943 and bears a higher risk for @entity1164 than mere @entity3980 stenoses although both groups of @entity1 have the same left ventricular wall motion abnormalities.

title: [ XXXX behavior and sudden heart death in isolated stenoses or obstructions of the anterior interventricular branch].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusions', 'LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3980 :: ('MESH:C535887', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'LAD obstructions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Arrhythmia']


abstract: Diaschisis is a functional impairment at a site in the brain remote from the lesion causing it. An investigation of @entity76 in childhood was undertaken to better understand the functional maturation of the corticopontocerebellar tract in developing brain. A retrospective study of @entity76 in 55 hemiplegic @entity1 was conducted using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with 123I-IMP. Cerebellar diaschisis was evaluated by 2 authors. @entity76 ( @entity76 ) was found in 6 of 55 @entity1 . SPECT findings of @entity1 who presented with @entity76 disclosed supratentorial hypoperfusion of varying degrees, from focally to the whole hemisphere; however, @entity1 had frontal and/or parietal hypoperfusion in common. A second type of @entity76 also was demonstrated. @entity76 ipsilateral to supratentorial lesions, @entity76 ( @entity76 ), was observed in 10 of 55 @entity1 . @entity76 occurred in the @entity1 who suffered from @entity1545 after 7 years, 5 months of age, while @entity76 manifested in @entity1 whose @entity1545 occurred before 3 years, 1 month of age. The production of remote effects, such as @entity76 and @entity76 , could be closely related to maturation of the corticopontocerebellar tract in the developing brain during childhood.

title: Secondary changes in cerebellar perfusion (diaschisis) in hemiplegia during childhood: SPECT study of 55 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebellar hypoperfusion', 'ipsilateral cerebellar diaschisis', 'CCD', 'cerebellar diaschisis', 'ICD', 'Crossed cerebellar diaschisis']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate associations between imaging features of @entity201 by visual assessment and texture analysis, which quantifies heterogeneity in @entity5 enhancement patterns, with molecular profiles based on @entity519 markers. METHODS: The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study of CT images of @entity1419 , obtained before surgery. Immunostaining for @entity519 markers ( @entity470 , @entity7 , @entity11707 , @entity876 , @entity7465 , @entity13456 , @entity7738 , @entity2030 , and @entity1365 ) was performed on pre-treatment liver biopsies. Quantitative imaging phenotypes were determined by texture analysis with gray level co-occurrence matrixes. The correlations between quantitative imaging phenotypes, qualitative imaging features (measured by radiographic inspection alone), and expression levels of the @entity519 markers from the 25 @entity5 were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were included with a median age of 62 years (range: 54-84). The median @entity5 size was 10.2 cm (range: 4-14), 10 (40%) were @entity5 , and 90% were moderately differentiated. Positive immunostaining was recorded for @entity7 in 67% of the cases, @entity470 in 75%, and @entity11707 in 55%. On multiple linear regression analysis, quantitative imaging phenotypes correlated significantly with @entity470 and @entity7 expression levels (R2 = 0.4, p<0.05 and R2 = 0.2, p<0.05, respectively), while a trend was demonstrated with @entity11707 expression (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.1). Three qualitative imaging features correlated with @entity7 and @entity11707 expression (P<0.05), however, none of the qualitative features correlated with the quantitative imaging phenotypes. CONCLUSION: Quantitative imaging phenotypes, as defined by texture analysis, correlated with expression of specific markers of @entity519 , regardless of conventional imaging features.

title: XXXX : Correlation between Molecular Profiling and Imaging Phenotypes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['single tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['Cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: An overview of treatment of brain metastasis from @entity2 in National @entity5 Center is presented with respect to T and N categories in @entity2802 classification. To know the rate of brain metastasis, CT scan on brain was performed for all the @entity1 with @entity2 hospitalized for surgical treatment and revealed that 3 of 87 @entity1 had brain metastasis without any neurological signs and symptoms. On the other hand, 105 out of 320 (32.8%) @entity2 @entity1 who had taken CT scan for some reason from 1975-1983 in this hospital had shown the brain metastasis. Therefore, it should be memorized that only 3.4% was detected to have brain metastasis from the @entity1 without any neurological signs and symptoms. Two hundred sixty-one @entity1 with metastatic @entity1313 from @entity2 were treated in 1963-1983 at National @entity5 Center in Japan. Of these, 205 @entity1 were evaluated for the median survival and the average survival according to various therapeutic modalities. Of this 205 @entity1 , 123 had no operation with or without other treatment--chemotherapy or radiotherapy showed median survival of 3-5 months (range 2-25 months). Eighty-two had operation on brain metastasis with or without chemotherapy showed median survival of 6-11 months (range 2-112 months). Correlation between survival time and T and N categories in @entity2802 classification at the diagnosis of @entity2 was studied and no remarkable difference was noted either in T or N categories in the average survival time and percent number of cases survived equal or more than 6 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Prognosis of metastatic @entity1313 from XXXX with special reference to its stages].

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: An overview of treatment of brain metastasis from @entity2 in National @entity5 Center is presented with respect to T and N categories in @entity2802 classification. To know the rate of brain metastasis, CT scan on brain was performed for all the @entity1 with @entity2 hospitalized for surgical treatment and revealed that 3 of 87 @entity1 had brain metastasis without any neurological signs and symptoms. On the other hand, 105 out of 320 (32.8%) @entity2 @entity1 who had taken CT scan for some reason from 1975-1983 in this hospital had shown the brain metastasis. Therefore, it should be memorized that only 3.4% was detected to have brain metastasis from the @entity1 without any neurological signs and symptoms. Two hundred sixty-one @entity1 with metastatic @entity1313 from @entity2 were treated in 1963-1983 at National @entity5 Center in Japan. Of these, 205 @entity1 were evaluated for the median survival and the average survival according to various therapeutic modalities. Of this 205 @entity1 , 123 had no operation with or without other treatment--chemotherapy or radiotherapy showed median survival of 3-5 months (range 2-25 months). Eighty-two had operation on brain metastasis with or without chemotherapy showed median survival of 6-11 months (range 2-112 months). Correlation between survival time and T and N categories in @entity2802 classification at the diagnosis of @entity2 was studied and no remarkable difference was noted either in T or N categories in the average survival time and percent number of cases survived equal or more than 6 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Prognosis of metastatic XXXX from @entity2 with special reference to its stages].

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Active myelination during childhood may influence the impact of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) on brain structural integrity. We studied normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in @entity1 with @entity15 onset before age 12 years using diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: DT MRI scans were obtained from 22 @entity15 @entity1 with their first attack before age 12 years, and 31 healthy controls from two referral centers. Using probabilistic tractography, brain tissue integrity within interhemispheric, intrahemispheric, and projection tracts was compared between @entity1 and site-matched controls. The impact of disease and age at MRI on tract NAWM fractional anisotropy (FA) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) values was evaluated using linear models. RESULTS: Compared to controls, pediatric @entity15 @entity1 had reduced FA and increased @entity1893 of the bilateral superior @entity6789 (CC), without center-by-group interaction. CC NAWM average FA was correlated with brain T2 lesion volume. In controls, the majority of the tracts analyzed showed a significant increase of FA and decrease of @entity1893 with age. Such a linear correlation was lost in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In very young pediatric @entity15 @entity1 , DT @entity854 affect brain WM tracts differentially, and are only partially correlated with focal WM lesions. Impaired maturation of WM tracts with age may be an additional factor contributing to these findings.

title: Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging in very early onset pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['MRI abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal fasciculus and corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determining @entity1855 and @entity55428 in plasma is presented and compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 ). The plasma samples were extracted at alkaline pH with @entity4315 containing @entity23052 (20 mL/L) and then back-extracted into @entity1391 buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH 3.0). For chromatography we used a reversed-phase column (Supelcosil LC-18 DB) with a mobile phase of the @entity1391 buffer and @entity1626 (70/30 by vol). Fluorescence detection was used (excitation at 203 nm, emission at 320 nm). Overall analytical recovery was 85%. Standard curves were linear from 1 to 1000 micrograms/L. The detection limit was 1 microgram/L. The assays are accurate and precise. We found no interferences by those substances tested. Results by HPLC and GC- @entity15 agreed well (r = 0.99) for both @entity1855 and @entity55428 determinations.

title: Liquid-chromatographic quantification compared with gas-chromatographic-mass-spectrometric determination of XXXX and @entity55428 in plasma.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity55428 :: ('MESH:C016904', 'Chemical') :: ['norverapamil']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for determining @entity1855 and @entity55428 in plasma is presented and compared with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 ). The plasma samples were extracted at alkaline pH with @entity4315 containing @entity23052 (20 mL/L) and then back-extracted into @entity1391 buffer (0.1 mol/L, pH 3.0). For chromatography we used a reversed-phase column (Supelcosil LC-18 DB) with a mobile phase of the @entity1391 buffer and @entity1626 (70/30 by vol). Fluorescence detection was used (excitation at 203 nm, emission at 320 nm). Overall analytical recovery was 85%. Standard curves were linear from 1 to 1000 micrograms/L. The detection limit was 1 microgram/L. The assays are accurate and precise. We found no interferences by those substances tested. Results by HPLC and GC- @entity15 agreed well (r = 0.99) for both @entity1855 and @entity55428 determinations.

title: Liquid-chromatographic quantification compared with gas-chromatographic-mass-spectrometric determination of @entity1855 and XXXX in plasma.

answer: @entity55428 :: (MESH:C016904,Chemical) :: ['norverapamil']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to prospectively investigate the clinical outcomes of curative radical @entity499 ( @entity499 ) applied to recurrent @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) at the bronchial stump site after right pneumonectomy. After right pneumonectomy, the heart shifted right laterally. The chambers of the heart closed with a recurrent mass at the bronchial stump were the right atrium and left atrium due to right shifting of the heart. The unfavorable bronchial stump recurrent @entity4617 due to a right shift of the heart might serve as a reliable predictor of cardiac morbidity for aggressive radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 23 @entity1 received @entity499 for the recurrent @entity1149 at the bronchial stump site after right pneumonectomy between 2008 and 2011. The median age of the @entity1 was 65 years (range 56-74). RESULTS: We prescribed 95% volume of the primary planning target volume ( @entity343 ) to a total dose of 69 Gy in 30 fractions, and 95% of the secondary @entity343 to a total dose of 54 Gy in 30 fractions with reduction of the 50% volume of the heart < 20 Gy. The median conformal index in the 23 plans was 1.21. The mean fraction of primary @entity343 receiving more than 95% of the prescribed dose was 97.8%. The mean V45, V50, V60 of the heart were 10.5%, 6.5%, 0.2%, respectively. The median follow-up after tomotherapy was 19.86 months. Median survival was 20 months. The 2-year OS was 39.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively high dose tomotherapy alone for @entity1 with a recurrent bronchial stump mass which was proximal to the heart demonstrated favorable clinical results without severe @entity3618 .

title: Preliminary results of tomotherapy for treatment of inoperable recurrent XXXX at bronchial stump site after right pneumonectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'helical tomotherapy']

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['heart or pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-heart geometry']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Increased expression of @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) has been demonstrated in the @entity1 @entity731 vessel wall and may contribute to the impaired plasma fibrinolytic capacity in @entity1 at high risk of atherothrombotic events. In addition, the mural PA/plasmin system may have important pathobiologic functions during atherogenesis. We quantitatively analyzed PAs of the tissue type (TPA) and urokinase type ( @entity2290 ), PAIs, and plasminogen in protein extracts from different layers of @entity1 aorta in relation to the presence and severity of @entity731 . In comparison with normal control vessels, intimal and neointimal @entity865 concentrations were reduced in @entity731 aortas except in the @entity39 core areas of advanced plaques, where TPA was mainly complexed to @entity2289 in extracellular matrix deposits. In the media, TPA antigen was higher in lesional segments and closely associated with smooth muscle cells. @entity2290 antigen was increased in the intima of @entity731 and colocalized with tissue-infiltrating macrophages and neointimal smooth muscle cells. By spectrophotometric assay, neither TPA nor @entity2290 activity could be detected in intimal or medial extracts. @entity2289 concentrations increased significantly in the intima of @entity731 segments compared with adjacent uninvolved areas or control aortas. The immunohistochemical distribution of @entity2289 was similar to that observed for TPA. A large excess of @entity2289 over PA concentrations, particularly in the intimal layer, characterizes @entity731 of the @entity1 aorta and suggests that PA action is locally confined and counterbalanced by enhanced PAI expression and accumulation.

title: Quantification of plasminogen activators and their inhibitors in the aortic vessel wall in relation to the presence and severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic disease']


abstract: @entity1 mesangial cell (HMC) cultures synthesize cellular fibronectin (FN), which is secreted and incorporated into a fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM). The anticancer drug @entity632 (ADR) induces changes in extracellular FN deposition. As revealed by immunofluorescence staining, a 24 h incubation of the cells with 2 micrograms ADR/ml resulted in a marked expansion of the pericellular FN fibers, which may be due to either an increased synthesis or a decreased FN degradation. The effects of ADR on FN mRNA were analysed by northern hybridization and in vitro translation. Steady-state FN mRNA levels were significantly increased by 60% following ADR administration. However, yields of radioactivity incorporated into FN by cell-free translation remained constant (2.3 +/- 0.7%, n = 24, vs controls 2.2 +/- 0.8% of total radioactivity, n = 23). The quality of translation products was not affected by the drug, whereas translation efficiency of total RNA from ADR-treated HMC was only 75% of controls. The data presented suggest a negative feedback control of FN expression on the level of translation. Extracellular FN accumulation in the experimental model of ADR-induced progressive @entity8 therefore cannot be explained by an increased FN synthesis, but is rather regarded a consequence of proteinase inhibition. This assumption is compatible with a diminished number of FN fragments recently demonstrated in the culture medium of ADR-treated HMC, and is further corroborated by the loss of urinary FN degradation products accompanying the onset of @entity644 in ADR-treated @entity35 .

title: Fibronectin expression in @entity1 mesangial cell cultures and its alterations by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: @entity1 mesangial cell (HMC) cultures synthesize cellular fibronectin (FN), which is secreted and incorporated into a fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM). The anticancer drug @entity632 (ADR) induces changes in extracellular FN deposition. As revealed by immunofluorescence staining, a 24 h incubation of the cells with 2 micrograms ADR/ml resulted in a marked expansion of the pericellular FN fibers, which may be due to either an increased synthesis or a decreased FN degradation. The effects of ADR on FN mRNA were analysed by northern hybridization and in vitro translation. Steady-state FN mRNA levels were significantly increased by 60% following ADR administration. However, yields of radioactivity incorporated into FN by cell-free translation remained constant (2.3 +/- 0.7%, n = 24, vs controls 2.2 +/- 0.8% of total radioactivity, n = 23). The quality of translation products was not affected by the drug, whereas translation efficiency of total RNA from ADR-treated HMC was only 75% of controls. The data presented suggest a negative feedback control of FN expression on the level of translation. Extracellular FN accumulation in the experimental model of ADR-induced progressive @entity8 therefore cannot be explained by an increased FN synthesis, but is rather regarded a consequence of proteinase inhibition. This assumption is compatible with a diminished number of FN fragments recently demonstrated in the culture medium of ADR-treated HMC, and is further corroborated by the loss of urinary FN degradation products accompanying the onset of @entity644 in ADR-treated @entity35 .

title: Fibronectin expression in XXXX mesangial cell cultures and its alterations by @entity632 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Mutations of the @entity876 @entity5 suppressor gene are the most common alterations associated with @entity5 identified so far. Inactivation of the @entity876 gene contributes to loss of a cell-cycle check point at the G1-S boundary and to genetic instability of the cell eventually allowing cells to replicate in an uncontrolled fashion (1). Inactivating @entity876 mutations have frequently been identified in many different forms of @entity5 including more than 50% of @entity43 (2,3). The type and location of @entity876 mutations occurring in @entity1 @entity5 are nonrandom. In a compilation of more than 4200 @entity876 mutations in @entity1 @entity5 by Soussi et al., 50% of the mutations were missense mutations, 37% frameshift mutations, and 13% nonsense mutations (4). Small intragenic deletions and insertions have gained little attention in the analyses of the @entity876 gene in @entity1 @entity5 (5,6). However, a review that compiled 740 @entity876 mutations from a wide variety of @entity5 showed that 10% of the mutations were either deletions or insertions (7). Insertions were mostly flanked by short direct repeats of up to 14 basepairs (bp). Deletions of up to 37 bp often occurred in areas of sequence repeats. Such structural changes may be explained by a slipped mispairing mechanism during DNA replication (7).

title: Multiplex PCR (MPCR) Screening Can Detect Small Intragenic XXXX Deletion and Insertion Mutations.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Although @entity5 cells express antigens recognizable to the immune system, @entity5 employ a number of diverse mechanisms aimed at subverting the host anti- @entity5 immune response. Tumor immune evasion pathways have been most thoroughly studied in solid @entity5 . However, emerging data has demonstrated that @entity5 of hematopoietic origin are also able to co-opt their local environment in order to escape immune attack. Activated T cells upregulate negative costimulatory receptors, such as @entity8395 ( @entity8395 ) and @entity4386 ( @entity4386 ). Engagement of @entity8395 or @entity4386 with ligands expressed on @entity5 cells or professional antigen presenting cells results in down-regulation of effector T cell function and represents a potent mechanism of immune evasion across a number of human @entity5 . Antibodies which block @entity8395 / @entity4634 interactions have demonstrated remarkable activity in a number of solid @entity5 subtypes. Interestingly, recent data have demonstrated that in select subtypes of Hodgkin ( @entity1733 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), the @entity8395 ligands are over-expressed due to a genetic amplification of the loci encoding them. Other mechanisms of @entity4634 over-expression in @entity706 have also been elucidated. Reports from early-phase clinical trials of @entity8395 blockade have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in @entity1733 , and also appear active against some NHLs. We review the mechanisms of @entity4634 expression in @entity706 and also the early results of anti- @entity8395 therapy in this disease.

title: Update on checkpoint blockade therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4386 :: ('1493', 'Gene') :: ['CTLA-4', 'cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Data regarding @entity146 among adolescent @entity1 presenting to urban @entity341 ( @entity341 ) are lacking. This article describes rates and correlates of @entity146 among adolescents screened in an urban @entity2613 . METHODS: During a period of 1-year, a total of 1,576 @entity1 aged 14-18 years, self-administered a computerized survey (57.6% female, 59.3% African American). RESULTS: Among sexually active adolescents (60%), 12% reported four or more partners; of those, 45.3% reported using a condom all the time and 14.7% reported using substances before sex. Regression analyses examined correlates of @entity146 on the basis of demographics, violence, and substance use. Males and younger teens were more likely to report condom use than females and older teens. @entity1 with poor grades were more likely to have had sex and used substances before sex, and were less likely to report condom use. @entity1 reporting dating violence were more likely to have had sex and less likely to have used condoms, whereas @entity1 reporting peer violence and weapon carriage were more likely to report substance use before sex. Binge drinking and marijuana use were associated with all sex risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The visit to an urban @entity2613 may provide an opportunity to deliver interventions to address @entity146 among adolescents.

title: Sexual risk behaviors among teens at an urban emergency department: relationship with XXXX and substance use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual risk behaviors']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['violent behaviors']