abstract: We have reported the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of @entity526 in 1983 and 1984 to 4 antibiotics, @entity869 (ABPC), @entity7048 ( @entity12706 ), @entity33910 ( @entity11984 ) and @entity801 (GM), in the previous report. In this paper, we described the antimicrobial susceptibility of @entity4005 sp. to the same antibiotics during the same period reported for @entity526 before. Numbers of isolates tested were 1,671 strains in 1983 and 1,374 strains in 1984. We determined MICs of the 4 antibiotics against isolates by the standard method of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. The most effective agent was GM among the 4 antibiotics. @entity11984 had a similar antimicrobial activity to GM. Resistance rates were low for both agents. CEZ had a fairly good antimicrobial activity, but it was less active than GM and @entity11984 . ABPC was not effective. There was neither significant annual change of antimicrobial activity of each agent against isolates nor an increasing tendency of resistant strains in the last 5 years. Depending on isolates from clinical materials, differences in the susceptibility were noted and there was a high ratio of resistant organisms among isolates from urine.

title: [A nationwide study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of XXXX sp. in Japan].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity33910 :: ('MESH:D015311', 'Chemical') :: ['cefmetazole']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity4005 :: (MESH:D007710,Disease) :: ['Klebsiella']


abstract: The authors evaluated a new protocol of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for @entity421 , easier to manage and different from T10. The good results obtained with the postoperative ADR-CDDP association led us to undertake a pilot study between 1982 and 1984, using ADR-CDDP as preoperative chemotherapy. The records of sixteen @entity1 were available for follow-up. The average age of the @entity1 was 19.9 years. @entity1 received two or three preoperative courses, and a total of six identical courses. Tolerance was good. @entity158 usually disappeared but this was often misleading because associated with radiological and/or clinical @entity5 progression, low histological @entity39 or poor outcome. The continuous disease-free survival actuarial rate was less than 57 and 40% at 18 months and two years respectively. The actuarial survival rate was 87% at one year and 65% at two years respectively. Disappointing results of this preoperative protocol, compared to results with the SO4 78 or T10 protocols for example, led to publish these data early in order to underline their potential dangers. As a result, we stopped our study. The charter of pilot studies justifies this publication. As well, these data point out the necessity of very close follow-up of neoadjuvant chemotherapy by sophisticated medical imaging. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, if ineffective, must be stopped early, and should lead to surgery, followed by adequate postoperative chemotherapy.

title: [Pre and postoperative chemotherapy of XXXX with an adriamycin-cisplatin combination. Risks of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy which is not sufficiently effective].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: @entity99 induced by various pathogenic factors (such as @entity1956 , @entity1068 , drugs and hepatotoxicants, etc.) through their respective special pathogenesis is referred to as primary @entity99 (PLI). @entity99 resulted from endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity558 ) and the activation of Kupffer cells by @entity558 while intestinal @entity5694 (IETM) occurred during the occurrence and development of @entity99 is named the @entity99 ( @entity99 ). The latter which has lost their own specificities of primary pathogenic factors is ascribed to IETM. The @entity99 is of important action and impact on development and prognosis of @entity99 . More severe IETM commonly results in excessive inflammatory responses, with serious @entity99 , further severe @entity99 and even induces @entity879 . The milder IETM successively precipitates a cascade, including repeated and persistent @entity73 accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells, hepatic @entity82 , @entity82 and hepatocarcinoma. Generally, the milder IETM ends with @entity1578 . If PLI caused by various pathogenic factors through their independent specific mechanismis regarded as the first hit on liver, then @entity99 mediated by different chemical mediators from KCs activated by IETM in the course of @entity99 is the second hit on liver. Thus, fusing and overlapping of the primary and scondary liver injuries determine and influeuce the complexity of the illness and outcome of the @entity1 with @entity99 . For this reason, the viewpoint of @entity99 induced by the second hit on liver inflicted by IETM suggests that medical professionals should attach great importance to both PLI and @entity99 caused by IETM. That is, try to adjust the function of KS(s) and eliminate @entity5694 of the @entity1 .

title: Intestinal XXXX as a pathogenetic mechanism in @entity1578 .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis virus']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocytic impairment']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver injury', 'hepatitis', 'liver injury', 'SLI', 'hepatic necrosis', 'secondary liver injury']

answer: @entity5694 :: (MESH:D019446,Disease) :: ['endotoxemia']


abstract: @entity99 induced by various pathogenic factors (such as @entity1956 , @entity1068 , drugs and hepatotoxicants, etc.) through their respective special pathogenesis is referred to as primary @entity99 (PLI). @entity99 resulted from endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity558 ) and the activation of Kupffer cells by @entity558 while intestinal @entity5694 (IETM) occurred during the occurrence and development of @entity99 is named the @entity99 ( @entity99 ). The latter which has lost their own specificities of primary pathogenic factors is ascribed to IETM. The @entity99 is of important action and impact on development and prognosis of @entity99 . More severe IETM commonly results in excessive inflammatory responses, with serious @entity99 , further severe @entity99 and even induces @entity879 . The milder IETM successively precipitates a cascade, including repeated and persistent @entity73 accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells, hepatic @entity82 , @entity82 and hepatocarcinoma. Generally, the milder IETM ends with @entity1578 . If PLI caused by various pathogenic factors through their independent specific mechanismis regarded as the first hit on liver, then @entity99 mediated by different chemical mediators from KCs activated by IETM in the course of @entity99 is the second hit on liver. Thus, fusing and overlapping of the primary and scondary liver injuries determine and influeuce the complexity of the illness and outcome of the @entity1 with @entity99 . For this reason, the viewpoint of @entity99 induced by the second hit on liver inflicted by IETM suggests that medical professionals should attach great importance to both PLI and @entity99 caused by IETM. That is, try to adjust the function of KS(s) and eliminate @entity5694 of the @entity1 .

title: Intestinal @entity5694 as a pathogenetic mechanism in XXXX .

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['liver failure']


abstract: As part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute multicenter Thrombolysis in @entity583 Trial, the time to peak plasma @entity908 kinase (CK) activity as a marker of reperfusion in 272 @entity1 with validated @entity583 was analyzed. @entity1 were treated with either tissue-type plasminogen activator or streptokinase by intravenous administration. All @entity1 underwent acute coronary angiography. The @entity1188 was identified and thrombolytic therapy administered. Reperfusion at 90 minutes was documented by angiography. CK was determined before institution of therapy and every 4 hours thereafter for the first 24 hours. @entity1 were classified into 3 groups for comparative purposes: group 1--occlusion with no reperfusion (n = 119); group 2--occlusion with reperfusion (n = 98); and group 3--subtotal occlusion (n = 55). Early (within 4 hours after treatment) and late (more than 16 hours after treatment) peaking of CK differentiated @entity1 with drug-induced perfusion from those without reperfusion. Although peak CK between 5 and 11 hours after drug treatment did suggest perfusion through the @entity1188 , it did not differentiate between drug-induced and spontaneous reperfusion. Clinically, early peak CK is a useful noninvasive means of assessing coronary artery patency. However, in clinical trials assessing drug therapy, the use of peak CK may overestimate drug effectiveness by including @entity1 with spontaneous reperfusion.

title: Peak XXXX kinase as a measure of effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: As part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute multicenter Thrombolysis in @entity583 Trial, the time to peak plasma @entity908 kinase (CK) activity as a marker of reperfusion in 272 @entity1 with validated @entity583 was analyzed. @entity1 were treated with either tissue-type plasminogen activator or streptokinase by intravenous administration. All @entity1 underwent acute coronary angiography. The @entity1188 was identified and thrombolytic therapy administered. Reperfusion at 90 minutes was documented by angiography. CK was determined before institution of therapy and every 4 hours thereafter for the first 24 hours. @entity1 were classified into 3 groups for comparative purposes: group 1--occlusion with no reperfusion (n = 119); group 2--occlusion with reperfusion (n = 98); and group 3--subtotal occlusion (n = 55). Early (within 4 hours after treatment) and late (more than 16 hours after treatment) peaking of CK differentiated @entity1 with drug-induced perfusion from those without reperfusion. Although peak CK between 5 and 11 hours after drug treatment did suggest perfusion through the @entity1188 , it did not differentiate between drug-induced and spontaneous reperfusion. Clinically, early peak CK is a useful noninvasive means of assessing coronary artery patency. However, in clinical trials assessing drug therapy, the use of peak CK may overestimate drug effectiveness by including @entity1 with spontaneous reperfusion.

title: Peak @entity908 kinase as a measure of effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: We review the role of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) in improving outcomes of an @entity454 ( @entity454 ) program. As the "integrated care approach" becomes accepted as the preferred strategy for treatment of @entity454 @entity1 , we looked for the potential place of APD in such an approach. APD has probably the same advantages as CAPD as a first-line renal replacement modality in suitable @entity1 willing to perform @entity1726 . There is currently no hard evidence that residual renal function (RRF) should decline more rapidly in APD than in CAPD, at least if a dry abdomen during the day is avoided. The detection of @entity298 is probably more delayed in APD, but the frequency of @entity298 is lower, and there is no hard evidence pointing to a poorer outcome of @entity298 in APD as compared to CAPD. Quality of life is at least as good in APD, which is mostly related to the increased possibilities for adapting the exchange pattern to employment-related time frames. APD also has the potential to prolong technique success in @entity1 failing CAPD rather than transferring them to hemodialysis. Nevertheless, APD remains more expensive and technically complicated, thereby missing the beauty of CAPD's simplicity. Therefore we believe that APD has its role in an integrated approach and that all @entity1 should be informed of its potential. It would, however, not be correct to present APD as the preferred @entity1726 method for all @entity1 , as it also has some drawbacks that make it less suitable for some categories of @entity1 . In all cases, @entity1 should have a free and informed choice.

title: The role of APD in the improvement of outcomes in an XXXX program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['ESRD']


abstract: The basic Lys-49 phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from @entity18384 piscivorus venom is homologous to the basic @entity2574 -49 PLA2 from the same venom as well as other snake venom PLA2 enzymes. It differs, however, in several respects, most important being replacement of the previously invariant @entity2574 -49 at the @entity460 binding site by Lys, resulting in a reversed order of addition of @entity460 and phospholipid, phospholipid binding first. Although the preferences for phospholipid substrates of the two enzymes are identical, the apparent Vmax of the Lys-49 PLA2 was only 1.4 to 3% that of the @entity2574 -49 enzyme. Similarly, the Lys-49 PLA2, compared to the @entity2574 -49 PLA2 had less than 3% of the intraventricular lethal potency and 4% of the anticoagulant activity. The intravenous lethal potency of the Lys-49 enzyme was 20% that of the @entity2574 -49 PLA2 and both had little direct hemolytic activity. In contrast, both enzymes were approximately equipotent on the phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation and on the isolated ventricle strip of the heart. On the @entity299 , the effects of the @entity2574 -49 PLA2 were accompanied by hydrolysis of @entity2434 and @entity3633 , whereas no phospholipid hydrolysis was observed with the Lys-49 PLA2. Evaluation of the present results, along with earlier findings using @entity2574 -49 PLA2 enzymes from Naja nigricollis, Hemachatus haemachatus and @entity18115 venoms, allows us to conclude that: The A. p. piscivorus @entity2574 -49 PLA2 enzyme resembles the @entity2574 -49 enzymes from N. @entity18115 and H. haemachatus. In contrast, the A. p. piscivorus Lys-49 PLA2 has much lower enzymatic and anticoagulant activities than the @entity2574 -49 enzymes, but equal @entity1370 and junctional effects. In contrast to some previous suggestions, basic PLA2 enzymes are not necessarily more toxic than neutral or acidic enzymes. Pharmacological effects upon the heart and phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation correlate neither with in vitro measurements of PLA2 activity nor with actual levels of phospholipid hydrolysis in the heart or diaphragm. This suggests that PLA2 enzymes exert effects independent of phospholipid hydrolysis.

title: Comparison of enzymatic and pharmacological activities of lysine-49 and aspartate-49 phospholipases A2 from XXXX piscivorus snake venom.

entities_list: @entity18384 :: ('8715', 'Species') :: ['Agkistrodon piscivorus']

entities_list: @entity18115 :: ('8656', 'Species') :: ['Naja naja atra', 'n. atra']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and neuromuscular preparations']

answer: @entity18384 :: (8715,Species) :: ['Agkistrodon piscivorus']


abstract: A survey was carried out over one year of all the @entity1 who attended a colposcopy clinic in a general practice. During the year 1254 @entity1 underwent cytological screening in the practice and 197 of these underwent colposcopy. Of 79 @entity1 with abnormal smears that suggested @entity3146 , 62 (79%) were confirmed by biopsy to have cervical premalignancy. In addition, the remaining 118 @entity1 with normal or inflammatory smears underwent colposcopy either because of their history or because they requested the investigation. A general underestimate of @entity3146 when cytology alone was used was discovered. Seven out of 28 @entity1 with inflammatory smears were found to have important cervical premalignancy. Mildly dyskaryotic smears led to a falsely reassuring estimate of the degree of severity of @entity75 . Seven out of 13 @entity1 who underwent colposcopy because they were thought to be at high risk of @entity5 because of a history of @entity3502 , unexplained recurrent @entity2335 , @entity29908 , or immunosuppression had @entity3146 proved at biopsy. This report shows that both in screening for and in the follow up of known cervical disease a normal smear cannot guarantee normal pathology. Diagnostic colposcopy is a valuable complementary investigation that could be carried out in a general practice.

title: Screening for XXXX : a new scope for general practitioners? Results of the first year of colposcopy in general practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity29908 :: ('MESH:D006556', 'Disease') :: ['heroin abuse']

entities_list: @entity3502 :: ('MESH:D003218', 'Disease') :: ['genital warts']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: The hearts of 16 autopsy cases with a past history of administration of @entity4349 antitumor drugs (DNR, ADR and ACM) and a sign of @entity712 were investigated morphologically. In macroscopic observation, both ventricles were more or less dilated with thinning of the ventricular wall. Mural thrombi were recognized in the left ventricle of 2 cases. Histologically, the @entity296 could be roughly classified into two groups, a) myocardial changes in cases with rapidly developed @entity712 (acute form), and b) myocardial changes in cases with relatively slowly developed @entity712 . In acute form, myocardial cells showed marked swelling with dilatation of central sarcoplasmic core, marked reduction of myofibrils, vacuolization of cytoplasm and enlargement of nucleus accompanied by distinct large nucleolus. @entity296 were scattered among these degenerative cells. These degenerative and @entity39 cells were distributed diffusely in both ventricular walls, but were more frequent in the left ventricular wall than in the right one. @entity32 was also recognized not only in the myocardium, but also in the endocardium and epicardium. In chronic form, on the other hand, @entity194 and attenuation of myocardial cells with a hypereosinophilic change of the cytoplasm and an increase in number of @entity2118 , and marked reduction of myocardial cells were most common findings. These changes of chronic form, however, could not be identified as the specific changes of @entity4349 @entity1370 . @entity82 was hardly seen in the myocardium of both acute and chronic forms.

title: @entity4349 induced XXXX . An analysis of 16 autopsy cases.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial lesions', 'Necrotic myocardial cells']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['brown pigments']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial damage']


abstract: The hearts of 16 autopsy cases with a past history of administration of @entity4349 antitumor drugs (DNR, ADR and ACM) and a sign of @entity712 were investigated morphologically. In macroscopic observation, both ventricles were more or less dilated with thinning of the ventricular wall. Mural thrombi were recognized in the left ventricle of 2 cases. Histologically, the @entity296 could be roughly classified into two groups, a) myocardial changes in cases with rapidly developed @entity712 (acute form), and b) myocardial changes in cases with relatively slowly developed @entity712 . In acute form, myocardial cells showed marked swelling with dilatation of central sarcoplasmic core, marked reduction of myofibrils, vacuolization of cytoplasm and enlargement of nucleus accompanied by distinct large nucleolus. @entity296 were scattered among these degenerative cells. These degenerative and @entity39 cells were distributed diffusely in both ventricular walls, but were more frequent in the left ventricular wall than in the right one. @entity32 was also recognized not only in the myocardium, but also in the endocardium and epicardium. In chronic form, on the other hand, @entity194 and attenuation of myocardial cells with a hypereosinophilic change of the cytoplasm and an increase in number of @entity2118 , and marked reduction of myocardial cells were most common findings. These changes of chronic form, however, could not be identified as the specific changes of @entity4349 @entity1370 . @entity82 was hardly seen in the myocardium of both acute and chronic forms.

title: XXXX induced @entity296 . An analysis of 16 autopsy cases.

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['Anthracycline']


abstract: Moderate to severe @entity27 is usually associated with multiple levels of pharyngeal airway collapse, including tongue base obstruction. A new technique has recently been introduced that improves the nocturnal retro-lingual airway. This study was a prospective, non-randomized single-institution evaluation of a recently introduced surgical technique. Nineteen consecutive @entity1 with previously untreated moderate to severe @entity27 underwent tongue suspension using the Respose system and concomitant palatopharyngoplasty (multilevel pharyngeal surgery). The @entity1 demographics and treatment outcomes were prospectively collected and retrospectively analysed. There were 16 @entity1 and three @entity1 , with a mean (+/-SD) age of 44.9 years (+/- 14.2) and a mean pre-operative apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) of 42.8 +/- 24.8. Twelve of the 19 @entity1 (63.2 per cent) have had post-operative polysomnography; eight of these 12 (67 per cent) met the standard criteria for surgical response. Among these eight @entity1 , the AHI improved from 32.4 to 14.4 (p<0.01); the individual scores fell by a mean of 51.7 per cent. The apnoea index improved from 7.4 to 0.9 (p<0.01), with the individual scores falling by a mean of 81.4 per cent. There was anatomic and radiographic evidence of multilevel upper airway enlargement. Notably, the body mass index remained essentially unchanged (31.5 +/- 7.2 to 31.2 +/- 7.6, p>0.5). Subjectively, the mean Epworth sleepiness scale score fell from 11.0 +/- 5.4 to 5.4 +/- 3.8 (p<0.005). Four @entity1 suffered transient @entity1739 , and two @entity1 complained of limited anterior excursion of the tongue. There were no serious, long-term complications. The tongue suspension procedure represents a minimally invasive technique for improving the nocturnal retro-lingual airway in @entity1 with @entity27 . It is easily performed by otolaryngologists, distinguishing it from other established techniques designed to address tongue base obstruction.

title: Minimally invasive tongue base surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['velopharyngeal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea']


abstract: @entity221 caused a major increase in uptake of 45Ca2+ into @entity3569 ovary HA-1 cells. Increased permeability to @entity141 was observed with heating periods as brief as 45 degrees C for 4 min and reached a maximum at 45 degrees C for 30 min. In addition to elevation of @entity141 influx, heat induced an increase in 45 @entity141 exchange with the extracellular @entity141 pool. The effect of heat on @entity141 permeability was transient, and @entity141 influx returned to normal values by approximately 9 h at 37 degrees C. Comparison of the time courses of increased @entity141 permeability and cell inactivation at 45 degrees C indicated that the heating time required for maximum permeability to @entity141 was similar to the initial resistant "shoulder" period of the cell survival curve. This suggests that @entity141 could play a permissive role in thermal cell inactivation; efficient cell killing may require a threshold concentration of intracellular @entity141 . The kinetics of heat-induced increase in @entity141 permeability also resembled that for the induction of thermotolerance. This might suggest a messenger role for @entity141 in thermotolerance induction. Direct increase in cellular @entity141 levels with @entity141 ionophore @entity3365 (5 X 10(-6) M) led to subsequent heat resistance. However, the heat resistance produced by @entity3365 was of a lesser magnitude than heat-induced thermotolerance. In addition, @entity3365 did not induce the stress protein species characteristic of thermotolerance ( @entity1457 ), but instead led to the synthesis of a related set of proteins ( @entity413 -regulated proteins). The data thus suggest a role for @entity141 in the cellular effects of @entity221 . They are also of potential clinical relevance in that cellular responses to heat might be modified pharmacologically, by the judicious use of @entity141 active agents, such as @entity141 ionophores and channel blockers.

title: Effect of XXXX (45 degrees C) on calcium flux in @entity3569 ovary HA-1 fibroblasts and its potential role in cytotoxicity and heat resistance.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock proteins']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: @entity221 caused a major increase in uptake of 45Ca2+ into @entity3569 ovary HA-1 cells. Increased permeability to @entity141 was observed with heating periods as brief as 45 degrees C for 4 min and reached a maximum at 45 degrees C for 30 min. In addition to elevation of @entity141 influx, heat induced an increase in 45 @entity141 exchange with the extracellular @entity141 pool. The effect of heat on @entity141 permeability was transient, and @entity141 influx returned to normal values by approximately 9 h at 37 degrees C. Comparison of the time courses of increased @entity141 permeability and cell inactivation at 45 degrees C indicated that the heating time required for maximum permeability to @entity141 was similar to the initial resistant "shoulder" period of the cell survival curve. This suggests that @entity141 could play a permissive role in thermal cell inactivation; efficient cell killing may require a threshold concentration of intracellular @entity141 . The kinetics of heat-induced increase in @entity141 permeability also resembled that for the induction of thermotolerance. This might suggest a messenger role for @entity141 in thermotolerance induction. Direct increase in cellular @entity141 levels with @entity141 ionophore @entity3365 (5 X 10(-6) M) led to subsequent heat resistance. However, the heat resistance produced by @entity3365 was of a lesser magnitude than heat-induced thermotolerance. In addition, @entity3365 did not induce the stress protein species characteristic of thermotolerance ( @entity1457 ), but instead led to the synthesis of a related set of proteins ( @entity413 -regulated proteins). The data thus suggest a role for @entity141 in the cellular effects of @entity221 . They are also of potential clinical relevance in that cellular responses to heat might be modified pharmacologically, by the judicious use of @entity141 active agents, such as @entity141 ionophores and channel blockers.

title: Effect of @entity221 (45 degrees C) on calcium flux in XXXX ovary HA-1 fibroblasts and its potential role in cytotoxicity and heat resistance.

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: PURPOSE: Many @entity64 survivors have to cope with @entity717 that may result in the occurrence of handicap situations. The purpose of the study was to explore bio-psycho-social predictors of handicap situations six months after discharge from an intensive rehabilitation programme. METHODS: At discharge from a rehabilitation programme, @entity1 were evaluated with instruments measuring motor, sensory, cognitive, perceptual, affective and psychosocial @entity717 that may play a role in the development of handicap. Some other demographic and clinical variables, and those related to rehabilitation, were also collected. Six months later, they were re-assessed in their own environment in order to document their handicap level with the Assessment of Life Habits (LIFE-H). RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-two @entity64 @entity1 participated in the discharge evaluation and 102 of them also participated in the handicap measurement. Relationships between handicap level and @entity717 were all statistically significant. Multiple regression analyses indicated that affect, @entity1746 , length of stay in rehabilitation, balance, age and comorbidity at the end of an intensive rehabilitation programme are the best predictors of handicap situations six months later (adjusted R(2): 68.1%). CONCLUSIONS: In spite of its exploratory nature, this study revealed that, among a substantial number of personal characteristics, some were more related to a handicap measure and have greater predictive value. Other studies should be carried out to validate these findings and to consider more environmental factors in order to better understand factors related to the development of handicap situations.

title: Predictors of handicap situations following post- XXXX rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impairments and disabilities']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity co-ordination']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The mucosal fibrinolytic activity was estimated in 24 @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 and in 11 @entity1 with @entity2275 . The fibrinolytic activity was estimated in biopsy specimens taken during gastroscopy. Specimens were taken in the corpus, in the antrum, and in the duodenal mucosa. In @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 the fibrinolytic activity was significantly higher in the corpus and antrum mucosa, whereas no difference was observed in the duodenal mucosa compared with controls. Gastric @entity1066 @entity1 had, compared with controls, significantly higher activity in the corpus mucosa only. Fourteen @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 and five with @entity2275 were treated with 1 g @entity4444 daily for 4 weeks. The mucosal fibrinolytic activity was estimated before and after treatment in the above-mentioned regions. A significant reduction was observed after treatment in @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 , both in the corpus and in the duodenal mucosa, whereas no difference was seen in the duodenum. In @entity1 with @entity2275 a reduction was observed in the corpus mucosa only. The fibrinolytic activity estimated was plasminogen activator, and not other proteases, in all estimations.

title: The antifibrinolytic properties of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to review the imaging findings and outcomes of @entity1 with nontraumatic spontaneous intramural small-bowel @entity1410 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records and radiologic studies of 13 @entity1 with known intramural small-bowel @entity548 . RESULTS: The mean age at presentation was 64 years. Sixty-two percent of @entity1 had @entity1229 @entity137 . The diagnosis was evident on CT performed in all @entity1 . @entity1744 was present in 85% of @entity1 , and @entity253 was present in 8%. A single @entity1410 was present in 85% of @entity1 , and multiple @entity1410 were present in 15%. The jejunum was the most common site of the @entity1410 (69%), followed by the ileum (38%) and duodenum (23%). The @entity1410 extended into the cecum in 15% of @entity1 . The estimated average length of the @entity1410 was 23 cm, and the shortest segment was 8 cm. Resolution of the @entity1410 was seen on CT as early as 1 week after onset. Eleven @entity1 (85%) with non-extensive @entity1410 were dismissed from the hospital without any short- or long-term complications (mean follow-up, 35 months). Two @entity1 with extensive @entity1410 involving more than half the length of the small intestine died. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous intramural small-bowel @entity1410 is rare. It occurs in @entity1 who receive excessive anticoagulation with @entity1229 or who have some other risk factor for @entity548 . CT characteristics include circumferential wall thickening, intramural hyperdensity, luminal narrowing, and @entity1321 . Early diagnosis is crucial because most @entity1 are treated nonoperatively with a good outcome.

title: Spontaneous intramural small-bowel XXXX : imaging findings and outcome.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['Small-bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: The pathology of the heart following surgical correction for @entity299 has not been fully explored. This study is based on @entity472 , @entity474 , @entity3886 , and @entity215 . Emphasis has been put on preexistent gross pathology, with histological verification, and @entity260 . Among @entity1 with @entity472 preexistent anomalies dominated ( @entity1002 , mitral @entity340 , @entity1002 ). The findings suggest that the cases represent an extreme within a spectrum and could explain the late postoperative dismal results in @entity1 suffering from @entity1699 . In @entity1 with @entity474 the important pathology related predominantly to the operative procedure (injury to the @entity5509 , patch dehiscence at the site of the atrioventricular node, inadequate repair of the left @entity340 ) and to @entity3885 . In @entity3886 , with or without @entity1757 , technical problems dominated. Obstruction of the systemic and pulmonic venous pathways, @entity943 , and @entity340 were the most serious complications following Mustard's procedure. The Rastelli-type procedure was complicated by degeneration and calcification of the porcine valve and crowding of the left ventricle. The arterial switch was complicated by abnormal origin and course of the left circumflex artery, which led to kinking and @entity583 . In @entity215 (injury to the @entity5509 and the tricuspid valve) were the most important. The study discloses that the heart after surgery for @entity299 cannot be considered without taking preexistent pathology into account. Careful preoperative investigations are mandatory, since most anomalies could have been detected and, hence, might have changed the operative result.

title: The heart after surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve leaflets', 'valve abnormalities', 'tricuspid valve injury']

entities_list: @entity5509 :: ('MESH:D058606', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular bundle']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['complete transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ["Fallot's tetralogy surgical complications", "Fallot's tetralogy"]

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['congenital left heart obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary obstructive vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect', 'atrioventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease', 'congenital cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis', 'valvar aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypoplasia', 'left ventricular endocardial fibroelastosis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) and surgery are the cornerstones in treating @entity213 ( @entity213 ). RT is effective in the initial treatment of early to intermediate stage @entity213 but less effective for locally advanced disease, some cases of which are best managed using the combination of surgery and RT. Although various clinical/pathologic parameters have been used to classify @entity1 according to their likelihood of responding to RT, they have generally low predictive value. We have shown previously that @entity8189 is associated with a poor clinical outcome in @entity213 @entity1 . In this study, we investigate the potential role of @entity8189 in assessing RT response in @entity1 with @entity213 . Tumor specimens obtained from 80 @entity1 participated in a prospective Phase III clinical trial addressing the dose and fractionation regimen of postoperative RT were analyzed for @entity8189 expression by immunohistochemistry. @entity1 were classified according to currently accepted clinical/pathologic parameters into three risk groups, i.e., low, intermediate, and high risk, and received surgery alone, surgery plus intermediate-dose RT, and surgery plus high-dose RT, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 4.9 years. @entity8189 overexpression was noted in 38 of the 80 (47%) @entity213 . Interestingly, 11 of the 38 @entity1 (29%) with @entity8189 -overexpressing @entity5 experienced local or nodal recurrence compared with only 3 of 42 @entity1 (7%) having @entity189 with no or weak @entity8189 expression (P = 0.01). When locoregional control was used as the end point for the high-risk group, @entity1 whose @entity5 showed @entity8189 overexpression had a statistically significant higher @entity5 recurrence and @entity3 compared with @entity1 whose @entity5 showed no @entity8189 overexpression (P = 0.01). Our results indicate that @entity5 overexpressing @entity8189 may be resistant to RT, and @entity8189 may be an indicator of the risk of locoregional recurrence and @entity3 in @entity1 having @entity213 receiving RT.

title: XXXX overexpression and resistance to radiotherapy in @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC tumors', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity8189 :: (891,Gene) :: ['Cyclin B1']


abstract: Radiotherapy (RT) and surgery are the cornerstones in treating @entity213 ( @entity213 ). RT is effective in the initial treatment of early to intermediate stage @entity213 but less effective for locally advanced disease, some cases of which are best managed using the combination of surgery and RT. Although various clinical/pathologic parameters have been used to classify @entity1 according to their likelihood of responding to RT, they have generally low predictive value. We have shown previously that @entity8189 is associated with a poor clinical outcome in @entity213 @entity1 . In this study, we investigate the potential role of @entity8189 in assessing RT response in @entity1 with @entity213 . Tumor specimens obtained from 80 @entity1 participated in a prospective Phase III clinical trial addressing the dose and fractionation regimen of postoperative RT were analyzed for @entity8189 expression by immunohistochemistry. @entity1 were classified according to currently accepted clinical/pathologic parameters into three risk groups, i.e., low, intermediate, and high risk, and received surgery alone, surgery plus intermediate-dose RT, and surgery plus high-dose RT, respectively. The median follow-up duration was 4.9 years. @entity8189 overexpression was noted in 38 of the 80 (47%) @entity213 . Interestingly, 11 of the 38 @entity1 (29%) with @entity8189 -overexpressing @entity5 experienced local or nodal recurrence compared with only 3 of 42 @entity1 (7%) having @entity189 with no or weak @entity8189 expression (P = 0.01). When locoregional control was used as the end point for the high-risk group, @entity1 whose @entity5 showed @entity8189 overexpression had a statistically significant higher @entity5 recurrence and @entity3 compared with @entity1 whose @entity5 showed no @entity8189 overexpression (P = 0.01). Our results indicate that @entity5 overexpressing @entity8189 may be resistant to RT, and @entity8189 may be an indicator of the risk of locoregional recurrence and @entity3 in @entity1 having @entity213 receiving RT.

title: @entity8189 overexpression and resistance to radiotherapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The incidence of de novo @entity631 ( @entity631 ) in transplanted kidneys is around 1 to 2%. In our series, of the 310 grafts that were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), 29 (9.3%) showed subepithelial IgG deposits, a pattern consistent with the diagnosis of @entity631 . Transplant biopsy had been performed because of the occurrence of @entity644 in 8 @entity1 (pts), for suspected rejection in 16 and systematically in the remaining 9 who had no @entity644 and a normal renal function. In all cases the lesions were identified by IF and were confirmed by electron microscopy (EM) in 14 pts. Granular deposits of IgG were diffuse in 22 cases and segmental in 7. Sequential specimens were available in 17 pts and showed the persistence or the increase of the IgG deposits in all @entity1 but one in whom they had disappeared. Age at transplantation (Tx) ranged from 2 years 3 months to 16 years. Grafts were from cadaveric donors in 27 pts and from living related donors in 2 pts. In none of the recipients was @entity631 the @entity8 of the native kidneys. With a follow-up of 18 to 74 months, 6 pts never developed a @entity644 . In the remaining 23, @entity644 developed 1 to 70 months after Tx, associated with a @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) in 6 pts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: De novo XXXX in renal allografts in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulonephritis', 'MGN']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['membranous glomerulonephritis']


abstract: The incidence of de novo @entity631 ( @entity631 ) in transplanted kidneys is around 1 to 2%. In our series, of the 310 grafts that were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), 29 (9.3%) showed subepithelial IgG deposits, a pattern consistent with the diagnosis of @entity631 . Transplant biopsy had been performed because of the occurrence of @entity644 in 8 @entity1 (pts), for suspected rejection in 16 and systematically in the remaining 9 who had no @entity644 and a normal renal function. In all cases the lesions were identified by IF and were confirmed by electron microscopy (EM) in 14 pts. Granular deposits of IgG were diffuse in 22 cases and segmental in 7. Sequential specimens were available in 17 pts and showed the persistence or the increase of the IgG deposits in all @entity1 but one in whom they had disappeared. Age at transplantation (Tx) ranged from 2 years 3 months to 16 years. Grafts were from cadaveric donors in 27 pts and from living related donors in 2 pts. In none of the recipients was @entity631 the @entity8 of the native kidneys. With a follow-up of 18 to 74 months, 6 pts never developed a @entity644 . In the remaining 23, @entity644 developed 1 to 70 months after Tx, associated with a @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) in 6 pts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: De novo @entity631 in renal allografts in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The renal hemodynamic effects of short-term protein loading and short term protein restriction were studied in @entity1 with @entity8 . Eleven @entity1 adhered to a high protein diet (1.8 g/kg/day) and, subsequently, to a low protein diet (0.6 g/kg/day) for four weeks each. Renal hemodynamics were studied at the end of the respective dietary periods. Glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance) did not change significantly (delta %: -1.5 +/- 5.4%; mean +/- s.e.m.), whereas endogenous @entity1011 clearance was lower on the low protein diet (delta %: -7.8 +/- 2.8%; p less than 0.02), suggesting an interference with the tubular secretion of @entity1011 . Effective renal plasma flow was significantly lower on the low protein diet (223.7 +/- 47.6 ml/min vs 282.1 +/- 67.1 ml/min; delta %: -15.4 +/- 4.9%; p less than 0.02). As a result, filtration fraction increased from 0.18 +/- 0.01 on the high protein diet to 0.22 +/- 0.02 on the low protein diet (p less than 0.01). The low protein diet caused a significant decrease in protein excretion from 4.0 +/- 0.9 g/24 h to 3.1 +/- 0.7 g/24 h (p less than 0.02). Our study demonstrates that renal hemodynamic responses to more sustained protein loading and protein restriction differ from the reported responses to acute protein loading. Different mechanisms may be involved. In this light it is doubtful if the renal hemodynamic response to acute protein loading can predict a beneficial effect of protein restriction.

title: Renal hemodynamic effects of a short-term high protein and low protein diet in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: The renal hemodynamic effects of short-term protein loading and short term protein restriction were studied in @entity1 with @entity8 . Eleven @entity1 adhered to a high protein diet (1.8 g/kg/day) and, subsequently, to a low protein diet (0.6 g/kg/day) for four weeks each. Renal hemodynamics were studied at the end of the respective dietary periods. Glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance) did not change significantly (delta %: -1.5 +/- 5.4%; mean +/- s.e.m.), whereas endogenous @entity1011 clearance was lower on the low protein diet (delta %: -7.8 +/- 2.8%; p less than 0.02), suggesting an interference with the tubular secretion of @entity1011 . Effective renal plasma flow was significantly lower on the low protein diet (223.7 +/- 47.6 ml/min vs 282.1 +/- 67.1 ml/min; delta %: -15.4 +/- 4.9%; p less than 0.02). As a result, filtration fraction increased from 0.18 +/- 0.01 on the high protein diet to 0.22 +/- 0.02 on the low protein diet (p less than 0.01). The low protein diet caused a significant decrease in protein excretion from 4.0 +/- 0.9 g/24 h to 3.1 +/- 0.7 g/24 h (p less than 0.02). Our study demonstrates that renal hemodynamic responses to more sustained protein loading and protein restriction differ from the reported responses to acute protein loading. Different mechanisms may be involved. In this light it is doubtful if the renal hemodynamic response to acute protein loading can predict a beneficial effect of protein restriction.

title: Renal hemodynamic effects of a short-term high protein and low protein diet in XXXX with @entity8 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess apathy in @entity1 with @entity191 and its relation to disability, mood, personality, and cognition. METHODS: Levels of apathy in 45 @entity1 with @entity191 were compared with a group of 17 similarly disabled @entity1 with @entity571 . Additional neuropsychiatric data were collected concerning levels of @entity308 , @entity148 , and hedonic tone. Personality was assessed with the tridimensional personality questionnaire. Cognitive testing included the mini-mental state examination, the Cambridge examination of cognition in the elderly, and specific tests of executive functioning. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity191 had significantly higher levels of apathy than equally disabled osteoarthritic @entity1 . Furthermore, within the Parkinson sample, levels of apathy appear to be unrelated to disease progression. The @entity1 with @entity191 with the highest levels of apathy where not more likely to be @entity308 or anxious than those with the lowest levels of apathy, though they did show reduced hedonic tone. No differences in personality traits were detected in comparisons between @entity1 with @entity191 and @entity571 , or between @entity1 in the Parkinson group with high or low levels of apathy. As a group, the @entity1 with @entity191 tended not to differ significantly from the osteoarthritic group in @entity73 . However, within the @entity191 sample, the high apathy @entity1 performed significantly below the level of the low apathy @entity1 . This was particularly evident on tests of executive functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Apathy in @entity191 is more likely to be a direct consequence of disease related physiological changes than a psychological reaction or adaptation to disability. Apathy in @entity191 can be distinguished from other @entity146 and personality features that are associated with the disease, and it is closely associated with @entity73 . These findings point to a possible role of cognitive mechanisms in the expression of apathy.

title: Apathy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'terms of cognitive skills']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Bacterial specificity in @entity1 periodontal diseases suggests the possibility of diagnosing and treating @entity2521 as @entity281 and using microbiological diagnostic means to evaluate the efficacy of periodontal therapy. In a series of clinical trials, the usefulness of topical antimicrobial agents in combination with surgical and non-surgical conventional periodontal therapy were tested. The healing result was estimated by monitoring probing attachment levels (PAL). The usefulness of clinical and microbiological parameters to evaluate post-treatment healing result was tested. 9 of the @entity1 exhibiting sites with recurrent @entity2520 were then evaluated for clinical and microbiological parameters to define accurate means to differentiate between active and @entity2520 . The results showed that the frequency of periodontal lesions with significant @entity6730 after treatment was less in @entity1 treated with antimicrobial agent. Specific microbiological parameters showed stronger correlation than clinical parameters with gain and/or @entity6730 post-treatment. Thus @entity3841 and @entity2523 occurred in periodontal lesions with progressing disease after treatment, but were rarely detected in samples from pockets of the same depths which did not exhibit further @entity6730 over a study period of 1 year. This study points to the usefulness of topical antimicrobial agent as an adjunct to mechanical subgingival debridement in the treatment of @entity2521 in adults. The results also indicate the utility of diagnostic microbiology in the assessment of @entity2520 activity post-treatment.

title: Topical antimicrobial therapy and diagnosis of subgingival bacteria in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['loss of PAL']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'inactive periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['specific infections']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides gingivalis']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['inflammatory periodontal disease']


abstract: 1. One hundred and two consecutive @entity1 undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomised to be sedated with either intravenous @entity3175 (Diazemuls-Kabi Vitrum) or intravenous @entity1363 (Hypnovel-Roche). It was assumed that @entity1363 was likely to be approximately twice as potent as @entity3175 on the basis of previous work. 2. All @entity1 had an ear oximeter attached throughout the procedure to record continuously their level of @entity26 saturation. 3. All 102 @entity1 had pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests measured and 100 wore an induction plethysmograph vest to allow continuous estimation of respiratory rate and excursion. The plethysmograph was calibrated using a pneumotachygraph, so baseline, post-injection and post-endoscopy minute volumes could be estimated. 4. The age, sex ratio and pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests of the 51 @entity1 given intravenous @entity3175 in a mean dose (s.d.) of 11.5 (5.8) mg over a mean of 3.4 (0.9) min) were similar to that of the 51 @entity1 sedated with intravenous @entity1363 (mean dose 6.0 (2.8) mg over 3.3 (0.9) min. 5. Both drugs significantly reduced minute volume (P less than 0.001) and @entity26 saturation (P less than 0.001). @entity1363 appeared to produce slightly greater hypoxaemia with 57% having falls in @entity26 saturation of greater than 2.5% compared with only 35% given an equivalent dose of @entity3175 . 6. Ventilation was still less than baseline when re-checked some minutes after removal of the gastroscope. The speed of recovery appeared faster after @entity3175 sedation which is in contrast to its longer pharmacological half-life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of XXXX and @entity1363 as endoscopy premedication assessing changes in ventilation and @entity26 saturation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity3175 :: (MESH:D003975,Chemical) :: ['diazepam']


abstract: 1. One hundred and two consecutive @entity1 undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomised to be sedated with either intravenous @entity3175 (Diazemuls-Kabi Vitrum) or intravenous @entity1363 (Hypnovel-Roche). It was assumed that @entity1363 was likely to be approximately twice as potent as @entity3175 on the basis of previous work. 2. All @entity1 had an ear oximeter attached throughout the procedure to record continuously their level of @entity26 saturation. 3. All 102 @entity1 had pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests measured and 100 wore an induction plethysmograph vest to allow continuous estimation of respiratory rate and excursion. The plethysmograph was calibrated using a pneumotachygraph, so baseline, post-injection and post-endoscopy minute volumes could be estimated. 4. The age, sex ratio and pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests of the 51 @entity1 given intravenous @entity3175 in a mean dose (s.d.) of 11.5 (5.8) mg over a mean of 3.4 (0.9) min) were similar to that of the 51 @entity1 sedated with intravenous @entity1363 (mean dose 6.0 (2.8) mg over 3.3 (0.9) min. 5. Both drugs significantly reduced minute volume (P less than 0.001) and @entity26 saturation (P less than 0.001). @entity1363 appeared to produce slightly greater hypoxaemia with 57% having falls in @entity26 saturation of greater than 2.5% compared with only 35% given an equivalent dose of @entity3175 . 6. Ventilation was still less than baseline when re-checked some minutes after removal of the gastroscope. The speed of recovery appeared faster after @entity3175 sedation which is in contrast to its longer pharmacological half-life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of @entity3175 and @entity1363 as endoscopy premedication assessing changes in ventilation and XXXX saturation.

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: 1. One hundred and two consecutive @entity1 undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomised to be sedated with either intravenous @entity3175 (Diazemuls-Kabi Vitrum) or intravenous @entity1363 (Hypnovel-Roche). It was assumed that @entity1363 was likely to be approximately twice as potent as @entity3175 on the basis of previous work. 2. All @entity1 had an ear oximeter attached throughout the procedure to record continuously their level of @entity26 saturation. 3. All 102 @entity1 had pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests measured and 100 wore an induction plethysmograph vest to allow continuous estimation of respiratory rate and excursion. The plethysmograph was calibrated using a pneumotachygraph, so baseline, post-injection and post-endoscopy minute volumes could be estimated. 4. The age, sex ratio and pre-endoscopy respiratory function tests of the 51 @entity1 given intravenous @entity3175 in a mean dose (s.d.) of 11.5 (5.8) mg over a mean of 3.4 (0.9) min) were similar to that of the 51 @entity1 sedated with intravenous @entity1363 (mean dose 6.0 (2.8) mg over 3.3 (0.9) min. 5. Both drugs significantly reduced minute volume (P less than 0.001) and @entity26 saturation (P less than 0.001). @entity1363 appeared to produce slightly greater hypoxaemia with 57% having falls in @entity26 saturation of greater than 2.5% compared with only 35% given an equivalent dose of @entity3175 . 6. Ventilation was still less than baseline when re-checked some minutes after removal of the gastroscope. The speed of recovery appeared faster after @entity3175 sedation which is in contrast to its longer pharmacological half-life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of @entity3175 and XXXX as endoscopy premedication assessing changes in ventilation and @entity26 saturation.

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: Seven @entity1 (age 5 to 10 years) with @entity6694 were investigated extensively. In 6 @entity1 elevations of blood @entity2388 were found. Blood @entity880 levels were marginally elevated. Two @entity1 had variably elevated blood @entity413 levels. Metabolic studies were otherwise normal apart from minimally elevated blood @entity3265 levels in 3 of 5 @entity1 tested, 2 of whom were on @entity1092 . All 7 patients had anticonvulsant resistant @entity410 . EEG changes included generalized slowing and multifocal spike wave discharges, and pseudo-periodic burst-suppression patterns during sleep. Respiratory monitoring revealed @entity2749 only during the waking record. Six @entity1 were below the 5th centile for weight despite normal caloric intake. Treatment with ketogenic diets, using medium chain @entity412 (MCT) oil when possible, has improved @entity410 control in the 5 @entity1 who could tolerate the diet. Slight behavioral and motor improvement has occurred in these 5 @entity1 and 6 of 7 @entity1 on high fat diets have gained weight. With a possible defect in @entity1735 metabolism and a @entity302 , use of a ketogenic diet is logical and appears to produce clinical benefit in @entity1 with Rett Syndrome.

title: Therapeutic effects of a ketogenic diet in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['apneic episodes']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['difficult seizure disorder']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity6694 :: (MESH:D015518,Disease) :: ['Rett syndrome']


abstract: @entity6750 is a common but preventable cause of @entity1032 . The incidence of @entity6750 in the newborn population is about 1:3500 to 1:4000. @entity1 with @entity1467 are at a special risk. Fort et al. reported an incidence of persistent primary @entity6750 in @entity1 with @entity1467 of 1:141 or 28 times higher than the general newborn population. Premature @entity1 have varying degrees of @entity44 of @entity1374 and are at a special risk for a variety of @entity1374 . These @entity1 need adequate understanding and interpretation of their laboratory values before institution of replacement hormonal therapy. Screening programs are available in 48 states and have led to prompt diagnosis and recognition of most cases that would otherwise be missed. Prevention of @entity1032 depends on early and adequate treatment. This requires close cooperation between the program and the physicians involved in the care of the @entity1 . Many state screening programs maintain a list of experts who are available for consultation, if necessary.

title: XXXX : diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital hypothyroidism', 'congenital hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immaturity']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system', 'thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity6750 :: (MESH:D003409,Disease) :: ['Congenital hypothyroidism']


abstract: Nine pediatric @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity2348 (3 @entity295 or @entity2259 , 2 @entity3552 , @entity5389 , 1 @entity55 and 1 pyothorax) in hospital were treated with @entity2892 / @entity9234 . The drug was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion in 3 or 4 divided doses totalling 24 mg/24 mg-70.2 mg/70.2 mg per kg/day. Clinical effectiveness were excellent in 4 cases, good in 2 cases, poor in 2 cases and not evaluated in 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 75%. A slight decrease of WBC was observed in 1 case. It was concluded that @entity2892 / @entity9234 was a useful antibiotic for the treatment of @entity281 in pediatric practices. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered @entity2892 / @entity9234 was studied in 2 other cases. The @entity2892 / @entity9234 was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion to 2 cases at a dose of 10 mg/10 mg/kg. The mean half-life (T1/2) of @entity2892 was 1.03 hours and @entity9234 , 0.69 hour. The mean urinary recovery rate of @entity2892 within 6.5-7 hours after administration was 62.5% and @entity9234 , 76.7%.

title: [Clinical evaluation of XXXX /cilastatin sodium in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['2 tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2892 :: (MESH:D015378,Chemical) :: ['imipenem']


abstract: Nine pediatric @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity2348 (3 @entity295 or @entity2259 , 2 @entity3552 , @entity5389 , 1 @entity55 and 1 pyothorax) in hospital were treated with @entity2892 / @entity9234 . The drug was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion in 3 or 4 divided doses totalling 24 mg/24 mg-70.2 mg/70.2 mg per kg/day. Clinical effectiveness were excellent in 4 cases, good in 2 cases, poor in 2 cases and not evaluated in 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 75%. A slight decrease of WBC was observed in 1 case. It was concluded that @entity2892 / @entity9234 was a useful antibiotic for the treatment of @entity281 in pediatric practices. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered @entity2892 / @entity9234 was studied in 2 other cases. The @entity2892 / @entity9234 was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion to 2 cases at a dose of 10 mg/10 mg/kg. The mean half-life (T1/2) of @entity2892 was 1.03 hours and @entity9234 , 0.69 hour. The mean urinary recovery rate of @entity2892 within 6.5-7 hours after administration was 62.5% and @entity9234 , 76.7%.

title: [Clinical evaluation of @entity2892 /cilastatin sodium in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Varying dilutions containing from 10(6) to 10(3) spontaneously transformed Balb/3T3 cells were inoculated into @entity19 [N:NIH( @entity54964 ]. Less than half the @entity19 inoculated with 10(3) cells developed @entity5 . The higher concentrations of cells produced visible @entity5 in all @entity19 within 2-3 weeks, and these @entity5 grew rapidly to large sizes. Some @entity5 initiated by the lower concentrations of cells arose quickly, but others were greatly delayed in onset, then grew slowly, if at all, for several weeks before a rapid acceleration. The delayed acceleration can be considered a form of @entity5 progression. When first explanted into culture, cells from the early @entity5 multiplied somewhat more slowly than the parental cells that initiated the @entity5 , but narrowed the gap in a few weekly passages. By contrast, only a small fraction (less than or equal to 0.001) of cells from the longest delayed @entity5 could sustain multiplication in culture, although flow cytometry revealed them to have been a rapidly multiplying population when explanted. A relatively large fraction of these explanted @entity5 cells incorporated a 1-hour pulse of @entity665 into DNA, although at a low rate. The shift to culture apparently slowed progress through the S-period of the cell cycle. The multiplication rate of cell populations from the delayed @entity5 increased in successive passages in culture. There was great heterogeneity in growth capacity among clones of the @entity5 cells. The growth rates of some clones declined to the point of extinction, those of others remained constant for several weeks, while those of still others steadily increased in growth rate. The low initial cloning efficiency of cells from the delayed @entity5 and the heterogeneity of growth rates among the clonable cells indicate that selection plays a major role in the increase of the growth capacity of the cell population. The steady increase in growth rates within clones suggests that physiological adaptation also contributes to the progressive growth of the @entity5 populations in culture. The results constitute a rationale for using the progressive growth of cells in culture as a model system for discriminating the types of cellular changes that underlie @entity5 progression.

title: Tumor progression in XXXX and its representation in cell culture.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: The activated @entity1 @entity11517 oncogene was subjected to the control of the promoter region of the @entity19 @entity18243 ( @entity18243 ) gene, which is expressed in mammary epithelial cells in response to lactogenic hormones. The @entity18243 -ras gene was stably introduced into the @entity19 germ line of five @entity19 (one male and four females). @entity18243 -ras expression was observed in the mammary glands of lactating females in two lines derived from female founders. The tissue-directed and hormone-dependent @entity18243 expression was conferred on the @entity11517 oncogene. The signals governing @entity18243 expression are located within 2.5 kilobases of 5' flanking sequence. The other two lines derived from female founders did not express the chimeric gene. In the line derived from the male founder, the @entity18243 -ras gene is integrated into the Y chromosome. Expression was found in the salivary gland of male animals only. After a long latency, @entity18243 -ras-expressing @entity19 developed @entity5 . The @entity5 arose in tissues expressing @entity18243 -ras--i.e., mammary or salivary glands. Compared to the corresponding nonmalignant tissues, @entity18243 -ras expression was enhanced in the @entity5 .

title: XXXX oncogene expression directed by a milk protein gene promoter: tissue specificity, hormonal regulation, and @entity5 induction in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity11517 :: (15461(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Ha-ras']


abstract: The activated @entity1 @entity11517 oncogene was subjected to the control of the promoter region of the @entity19 @entity18243 ( @entity18243 ) gene, which is expressed in mammary epithelial cells in response to lactogenic hormones. The @entity18243 -ras gene was stably introduced into the @entity19 germ line of five @entity19 (one male and four females). @entity18243 -ras expression was observed in the mammary glands of lactating females in two lines derived from female founders. The tissue-directed and hormone-dependent @entity18243 expression was conferred on the @entity11517 oncogene. The signals governing @entity18243 expression are located within 2.5 kilobases of 5' flanking sequence. The other two lines derived from female founders did not express the chimeric gene. In the line derived from the male founder, the @entity18243 -ras gene is integrated into the Y chromosome. Expression was found in the salivary gland of male animals only. After a long latency, @entity18243 -ras-expressing @entity19 developed @entity5 . The @entity5 arose in tissues expressing @entity18243 -ras--i.e., mammary or salivary glands. Compared to the corresponding nonmalignant tissues, @entity18243 -ras expression was enhanced in the @entity5 .

title: @entity11517 oncogene expression directed by a milk protein gene promoter: tissue specificity, hormonal regulation, and XXXX induction in @entity19 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The activated @entity1 @entity11517 oncogene was subjected to the control of the promoter region of the @entity19 @entity18243 ( @entity18243 ) gene, which is expressed in mammary epithelial cells in response to lactogenic hormones. The @entity18243 -ras gene was stably introduced into the @entity19 germ line of five @entity19 (one male and four females). @entity18243 -ras expression was observed in the mammary glands of lactating females in two lines derived from female founders. The tissue-directed and hormone-dependent @entity18243 expression was conferred on the @entity11517 oncogene. The signals governing @entity18243 expression are located within 2.5 kilobases of 5' flanking sequence. The other two lines derived from female founders did not express the chimeric gene. In the line derived from the male founder, the @entity18243 -ras gene is integrated into the Y chromosome. Expression was found in the salivary gland of male animals only. After a long latency, @entity18243 -ras-expressing @entity19 developed @entity5 . The @entity5 arose in tissues expressing @entity18243 -ras--i.e., mammary or salivary glands. Compared to the corresponding nonmalignant tissues, @entity18243 -ras expression was enhanced in the @entity5 .

title: @entity11517 oncogene expression directed by a milk protein gene promoter: tissue specificity, hormonal regulation, and @entity5 induction in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: Signs of @entity409 in adolescents were studied longitudinally from the age of 17 to 19 years. Totally, 27 subjects dropped out, leaving 258 for the longitudinal intraindividual comparisons. @entity1348 sounds were found in about one-fifth of the adolescents and were recorded significantly more often in @entity1 than @entity1 from the age of 18 years. The frequency of muscles tender to palpation fluctuated somewhat between the annual examinations. At the first and second examination muscle tenderness was statistically significantly commoner in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Except for @entity1348 sounds and muscle tenderness signs of @entity409 were rare. About half of the subjects had signs of @entity409 , mostly of mild character. @entity1 regularly had significantly higher dysfunction index (Di) values than @entity1 . No change between the annual recordings was noted in 60% of the individuals, and impairment and improvement had occurred about equally often. In 29%, signs were recorded all years.

title: Two-year longitudinal study of signs of XXXX in adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular dysfunction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['mandibular dysfunction']


abstract: This is a personal review of the concepts used in deciding ethical questions as to the use of animals in research in the field of shock and @entity130 . There are for me ethical considerations since I feel animals can and should be used experimentally to advance the cause of the alleviation of @entity158 and suffering amongst severely injured @entity1 . The framework within which such decisions are to be made has been provided for us in Sweden by laws enacted some years ago. Even with ethical review by specially appointed, regional Ethical Committees there still remain problems for the individual research scientist to resolve after the dictates of his own conscience. I operate under the dictum that @entity1 life is more valuable than animal life and that I can offer up animal lives to improve the health and welfare of @entity1 . Research in the area of shock and @entity130 is important, since lives are lost due to our ignorance of many aspects of the pathophysiology of the problem. The injured are often relatively young who can be restored completely to health and gainful employment. The problem is also of interest for the emerging nations of the third world, since it is often their elite who are carried from the scene prematurely. New impetus to research has been provided by the realization that the @entity130 itself sets in motion events which can add to the final result. Better understanding here should lead to better treatment modalities.

title: The ethics of animal experimentation in the field of shock and XXXX research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: For planning the therapeutic strategies and estimating the prognosis in @entity418 , N-staging is very important. To date, MRI still is of minor importance as imaging modality of the mediastinum despite promising developments in the past, like ECG-gating or "averaging" sequences, e. g., LOTA (Long-term averaging), which facilitate mediastinal and thoracic MR-imaging. In a prospective approach, the value of MRI based N-staging was examined with respect to LOTA-sequences. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Within four weeks prior to esophagectomy, standardized MRI of the esophagus was performed in 15 @entity1 (10 @entity957 and 5 @entity420 ) using a 1.5 T whole body scanner. Imaging quality was classified based on depiction of aortic wall or tracheal wall layers. Criteria for malignant infiltration were a diameter of more than 15 mm or a round appearance of a lymph node together with GD- @entity12306 enhancement. All data were blinded and separately read by two radiologists. The data of the study were compared with those from the pathological workup of the resected specimen. RESULTS: MRI had a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 78 % for lymph node @entity3 . Due to incomplete depiction of the celiac trunk (M1), nodal @entity3 in a non-enlarged node was missed. CONCLUSION: With modern MRI, N-staging is almost as accurate as the gold standard endoscopic ultrasound and should particularly be used in @entity1 not suited for an endoscopic ultrasound examination.

title: [MRI-based N-staging in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell-carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: Monocytes cause @entity19 -treated T cells to secrete @entity2047 and to lose cell surface T3. We have studied the fate of the "lost" T3. Immunofluorescence microscopy on permeabilized cells showed that monocytes induce T cells to internalize T3. Furthermore, experiments with radioiodinated T cells showed that the internalized T3 was not degraded and exhibited an unaltered polypeptide composition for at least 16 hr. The role of Fc receptors in inducing internalization was also investigated. Fc receptors were depleted from monocytes by allowing the phagocytes to spread on immune complexes. Such depleted monocytes exhibit a fourfold reduction in their ability to promote both internalization of T3 and production of @entity2047 . A comparable reduction is seen if F(ab')2 fragments of OKT3 were employed in place of intact IgG. Furthermore, monocyte Fc receptors that have been blocked by heat-aggregated human IgG also show much reduced capability for induction of @entity19 -mediated T-cell proliferation. We therefore conclude that Fc receptors bind to the Fc domain of @entity19 and thereby cause @entity19 -treated T cells to internalize T3 and become activated.

title: Fc receptors on monocytes cause OKT3-treated lymphocytes to internalize T3 and to secrete XXXX .

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: The @entity4366 is an infrequently reported heritable entity characterized by @entity4269 , @entity9676 , and @entity245 . Here we add an additional 8 @entity1 , and compare their findings to the 16 cases from the literature. The @entity4269 is usually congenital, can be markedly asymmetrical, and, often, gradually progressive. Complications such as @entity13171 are common. The @entity9676 are present in the intestines, but have also been found in the pleura, pericardium, thyroid gland, and kidney. Several @entity1 have demonstrated @entity154 , pointing to a disturbance of angiogenesis in at least some of the @entity1 . Facial features are variable, and are chiefly characterized, in a typical @entity1 , by a flat face, flat and broad nasal bridge, and @entity5766 . Facial features are thought to mirror the extent of intrauterine @entity2652 , or may be caused by lymphatic obstruction that affects the early migration of neural crest tissue. @entity154 have included @entity726 , @entity4500 , @entity393 , and @entity8 . The psychomotor development varies widely, even within a single family, from almost normal development to severe @entity1032 . @entity410 are common. The existence of 10 familial cases, equal sex ratio, increased parental consanguinity rate (4/20 families), and absence of vertical transmission are consistent with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. It seems likely that most (but not all) manifestations of the entity can be explained as sequences of impaired prenatal and postnatal lymphatic flow, suggesting that the causative gene(s) should have a major function in lymphangiogenesis.

title: XXXX (Hennekam) syndrome: a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac and blood vessel anomalies', 'Other anomalies']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['dental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity9676 :: ('MESH:D008201', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangiectasia', 'lymphangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity4366 :: ('MESH:C537255', 'Disease') :: ['Hennekam syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5766 :: ('MESH:D006972', 'Disease') :: ['hypertelorism']

entities_list: @entity13171 :: ('MESH:D004886', 'Disease') :: ['erysipelas']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['Lymphedema-lymphangiectasia-mental retardation']


abstract: Synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMC) from @entity1 with @entity309 characteristically respond poorly to mitogens. In this study, mitogenic antibodies reactive with the CD3(T3) antigen on @entity1 T lymphocytes were used to analyze the basis for the deficiency. OKT3-induced proliferation and release of interleukin 1 ( @entity1192 ) and interleukin 2 ( @entity1199 ) from SFMC were @entity308 in all @entity1 . Purified @entity1192 or recombinant @entity1199 restored proliferative responses in SFMC and increased @entity3647 density. Exogenous @entity1192 also enhanced @entity1199 release. Fractionation of SFMC supernatants on phosphocellulose columns revealed the presence of @entity1192 and a potent @entity1192 inhibitor. The monocyte-derived @entity1192 inhibitor blocked @entity1192 -dependent responses of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes to OKT3, but had no effect on @entity1199 -dependent events. These results suggest that @entity1192 inhibitor(s) in SFMC impair(s) OKT3-induced mitogenesis by interfering with the effects of @entity1192 on T lymphocytes. The net result is deficient @entity1199 secretion, @entity3647 expression, and impaired cellular proliferation. This novel inhibitory circuit provides a rational explanation for the diminished function of synovial fluid T lymphocytes in @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Basis for defective responses of XXXX synovial fluid lymphocytes to anti-CD3 (T3) antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['active rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The sonographic appearance of hemorrhagic @entity42 (HOC) has received little attention aside from a recent report in adolescent @entity1 . We reviewed the sonographic findings in 14 adults with 15 pathologically proven HOC to see whether there were any consistent sonographic findings that, along with the clinical history, might make possible the diagnosis. The majority (93%) of @entity1 presented with the abrupt onset of lower abdominal or pelvic @entity158 , and each, when clinically appropriate, had a negative serum pregnancy test. Sonographically, all of the masses were cystic except one. The cyst wall was thin and well defined in six cases and thick and irregular in eight. The majority (87%) had internal echoes. These echoes were scattered and low level or diffuse and homogeneous (27%) or complex and echogenic (53%) in nature. Two cysts had numerous septations, and another had a fluid--debris interface. If the @entity158 subsides and the hematocrit remains stable, the premenopausal @entity1 can be managed conservatively. Sonographic follow-up is recommended so that an underlying @entity43 can be excluded. This was present in three of our @entity1 , two of whom were postmenopausal.

title: Sonography of hemorrhagic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic ovarian cystic neoplasm']

answer: @entity42 :: (MESH:D010048,Disease) :: ['ovarian cysts']


abstract: One hundred and eight male Egyptian farmers with @entity1412 were reviewed. All @entity1 gave a history of bloody @entity294 . Sixty-one @entity1 presented with finger clubbing, and four of these @entity1 had @entity158 , tender and swollen wrist, knee and @entity3681 . X-ray revealed new bone formation in the bones around these joints. The clinical condition improved with antischistosomal treatment, but the bony changes persisted. Twenty @entity1 showed signs of dependent @entity4 or @entity843 . Thirty-one @entity1 had a liver of 8 cm or more below costal margin and 19 @entity1 had a spleen of 8 cm or more below costal margin, a situation not unlike @entity1 with @entity2040 without @entity1412 . Fifteen @entity1 had tender abdominal masses in the left iliac fossa which were shown by barium enemas to be clusters of @entity1127 . Anti-schistosomal therapy relieved the obstruction but narrowing persisted in 70% of @entity1 followed up. Severity of @entity1412 correlated with the anatomical distribution of the @entity1127 , with their number and with the egg excretion rates.

title: XXXX : clinical, radiological and parasitological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis', 'schistosomal colonic polyposis']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['Schistosomal colonic polyposis']


abstract: We established a new @entity2 cell line, designated Y-ML-1B, from a @entity2 of a 70-year-old Japanese @entity1 with @entity491 and @entity1148 . Before surgical resection, the white blood cell and platelet counts were elevated to 34,400/mm3 and 668,000/mm3, respectively, and the @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) level in the serum was increased at 141 pg/mL. The @entity5 showed an undifferentiated morphology with large cells and induced extensive thickening of the pleura in the right hemithorax. The Y-ML-1B cells grow as a monolayer, with a doubling time of 19 hours, and are tumorigenic in @entity19 , which showed a morphology similar to the @entity5 in xenografts. Analysis of the supernatant of cell culture medium of Y-ML-1B showed elevated levels of @entity1261 and other cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, @entity687 , and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), consistent with the high levels detected in the patient's serum. Cytogenetic analysis revealed aneuploidy of greater than 56 in metaphases with many @entity2526 . Mutation analysis of the @entity5 suppressor genes showed that Y-ML-1B is inactivated in @entity876 and @entity15893 , but not in @entity986 (ARF), @entity986 ( @entity986 ), or @entity995 . Neither activating mutations of @entity984 or @entity8497 nor amplification of MYC or @entity7465 were detected. Y-ML-1B expressed @entity6076 but not @entity5962 . This newly established cell line might serve as a useful model for studying the molecular pathogenesis for large cell cancers of the lung which express high levels of cytokines.

title: Establishment of a XXXX cell line (Y-ML-1B) producing @entity1261 .

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['large cell lung cancer']


abstract: We established a new @entity2 cell line, designated Y-ML-1B, from a @entity2 of a 70-year-old Japanese @entity1 with @entity491 and @entity1148 . Before surgical resection, the white blood cell and platelet counts were elevated to 34,400/mm3 and 668,000/mm3, respectively, and the @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) level in the serum was increased at 141 pg/mL. The @entity5 showed an undifferentiated morphology with large cells and induced extensive thickening of the pleura in the right hemithorax. The Y-ML-1B cells grow as a monolayer, with a doubling time of 19 hours, and are tumorigenic in @entity19 , which showed a morphology similar to the @entity5 in xenografts. Analysis of the supernatant of cell culture medium of Y-ML-1B showed elevated levels of @entity1261 and other cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, @entity687 , and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), consistent with the high levels detected in the patient's serum. Cytogenetic analysis revealed aneuploidy of greater than 56 in metaphases with many @entity2526 . Mutation analysis of the @entity5 suppressor genes showed that Y-ML-1B is inactivated in @entity876 and @entity15893 , but not in @entity986 (ARF), @entity986 ( @entity986 ), or @entity995 . Neither activating mutations of @entity984 or @entity8497 nor amplification of MYC or @entity7465 were detected. Y-ML-1B expressed @entity6076 but not @entity5962 . This newly established cell line might serve as a useful model for studying the molecular pathogenesis for large cell cancers of the lung which express high levels of cytokines.

title: Establishment of a @entity2 cell line (Y-ML-1B) producing XXXX .

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: @entity24251 is a @entity74 of the dental enamel, in both primary and permanent dentition. The main clinical characteristics are extensive loss of tooth tissue, poor esthetics, and tooth sensitivity. Transmission of the gene takes place by either autosomal, dominant X-linked, or recessive modes. This clinical report describes a treatment sequence based on a multidisciplinary approach. A 21-year-old @entity1 with @entity20692 was referred to the Ege University School of Dentistry clinic. She was concerned about the poor appearance and sensitivity of her teeth. The @entity1 presented with an anterior open bite, although orthodontic treatment had been completed previously. Periodontal gingivectomy of her posterior teeth followed by endodontic treatment where indicated was proposed. The prosthodontic treatment consisted of metal ceramic fixed partial dentures of precious alloy. At the end of treatment, function and esthetics were improved to a level acceptable to both the @entity1 and the dental team.

title: XXXX : the multidisciplinary approach. A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity20692 :: ('MESH:C538240', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity24251 :: ('MESH:D000567', 'Disease') :: ['Amelogenesis imperfecta']

answer: @entity24251 :: (MESH:D000567,Disease) :: ['Amelogenesis imperfecta']


abstract: All of the cases involving @entity174 of the mandible and/or maxilla in Greenland were recorded in a 1 1/2 year period beginning 1 July 1981. Further information of aetiological patterns was added from 2 studies of mandibular @entity174 in Godth  b/Greenland. The incidence of @entity14438 in Greenland (17 to 10,000 per year) was the highest ever reported. In 90% of these cases, the cause of @entity174 were interpersonal violence. @entity14438 were encountered in nearly all districts of Greenland, most often in urban areas and the @entity1 were chiefly of Greenlandic descent. The % of @entity1 in the age group of 20-29 years was extremely high (57%) as was the @entity1 (36%). 75% of the @entity1 were ill-treated by their spouses. In half of the cases, the victims and the assailants were related. Victims unknown to the assailants made up only 20% of the cases. These were trends typical of a small society. Compared to other reports, violence in Greenland was aggravated and involvement of @entity167 was seen in 4 out of 5 cases. Regulation and deregulation of @entity167 in Greenland had only temporary effects on the occurrence of @entity14438 . Aetiological patterns of @entity14438 changes from one subculture to another depending on social conditions. The figures from Greenland demonstrated this.

title: Incidence and aetiological pattern of XXXX in Greenland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14438 :: ('MESH:D007572', 'Disease') :: ['jaw fractures', 'Jaw fractures']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity14438 :: (MESH:D007572,Disease) :: ['jaw fractures']