abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity66 ( @entity66 ) is one of several sub-regional disease surveillance networks that have emerged in recent years as an approach to transnational cooperation for infectious disease prevention and control. Since 2003 @entity66 has pioneered a unique model for @entity8668 . This study examines stakeholders' perspectives of these @entity66 experiences, based on a survey of local managers and semi-structured interviews with @entity66 leaders and the central coordinator. RESULTS: Fifteen managers from 12 of 20 paired @entity8668 completed a written survey. They all monitor most or all of the 17 diseases agreed upon for @entity66 surveillance information sharing. Fourteen agreed or strongly agreed with statements about the core @entity66 values of cooperation, mutual trust, and transparency, and their own contributions to national and regional disease control (average score of 4.4 of 5.0). Respondents felt they implemented well to very well activities related to surveillance reporting (average scores 3.4 to 3.9 of 4.0), using computers for their work (3.9/4.0), and using surveillance data for action (3.8/4.0). Respondents reported that they did worst in implementing research (2.1/4.0) and somewhat poorly for local laboratory testing (2.9/4.0) and local coordination with cross-border counterparts (2.9/4.0), although all 15 maintain a list with contact information for these counterparts and many know their counterparts. Implementation of specified activities within their collective regional action plan was uneven across the @entity8668 . Most respondents reported positive lessons learned about local cooperation, information sharing and joint problem solving, based on trusting relationships with their cross-border counterparts. They recommend expansion of @entity8668 within @entity66 and consideration of the cross-border cooperation model by other sub-regional networks. CONCLUSIONS: @entity66 has over a decade of experience with its model of @entity8668 in disease surveillance and control. Frontline managers have documented success with this model, strongly support it and recommend its expansion within and beyond the @entity66 network. The @entity66 cross-border cooperation model is standing the test of time as a solid approach to building and sustaining the public health capabilities needed for disease surveillance and control from the local to national and global levels.

title: Local XXXX surveillance and control: experiences from the Mekong Basin.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['MBDS', 'Mekong Basin Disease Surveillance cooperation']

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['local cross-border cooperation', 'cross-border sites']

answer: @entity8668 :: (MESH:D001882,Disease) :: ['cross-border disease']


abstract: In 255 @entity1 with evidence of a @entity977 , 7 @entity1 presented with typical symptoms of @entity693 , which all proved to be sterile. In these @entity1 a @entity977 was surgically verified in 4. In one @entity1 the presence of @entity2012 indicated a @entity977 . In 2 @entity1 an enlarged, @entity4776 was found, taken to reflect spontaneous disappearance of an @entity652 . It is thought that the cause of the sterile meningeal reaction in the 7 @entity1 was a spontaneous @entity39 of the @entity652 with expulsion of necrotic material into the suprasellar subarachnoid space. Although this sequence has been described before it has been considered to occur very rarely. @entity2894 as the underlying cause of @entity693 should be suspected in @entity1 with evidence of @entity4903 or lesion of structures adjacent to the fossa. The diagnosis may be established by computer tomography. Therapeutically, it may be of importance that the nature of the meningeal reaction is promptly recognized. @entity514 neurosurgical decompression of the sella and adequate hormonal substitution therapy may be essential.

title: XXXX with @entity693 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2894 :: ('MESH:D010899', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary apoplexy']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary endocrine disturbances']

answer: @entity2894 :: (MESH:D010899,Disease) :: ['Pituitary apoplexy']


abstract: In 255 @entity1 with evidence of a @entity977 , 7 @entity1 presented with typical symptoms of @entity693 , which all proved to be sterile. In these @entity1 a @entity977 was surgically verified in 4. In one @entity1 the presence of @entity2012 indicated a @entity977 . In 2 @entity1 an enlarged, @entity4776 was found, taken to reflect spontaneous disappearance of an @entity652 . It is thought that the cause of the sterile meningeal reaction in the 7 @entity1 was a spontaneous @entity39 of the @entity652 with expulsion of necrotic material into the suprasellar subarachnoid space. Although this sequence has been described before it has been considered to occur very rarely. @entity2894 as the underlying cause of @entity693 should be suspected in @entity1 with evidence of @entity4903 or lesion of structures adjacent to the fossa. The diagnosis may be established by computer tomography. Therapeutically, it may be of importance that the nature of the meningeal reaction is promptly recognized. @entity514 neurosurgical decompression of the sella and adequate hormonal substitution therapy may be essential.

title: @entity2894 with XXXX .

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['sterile meningitis']


abstract: Penile duplex Doppler ultrasound (PDDU) assesses the etiology of @entity323 . Peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), and resistive index (RI) are common PDDU parameters. We assessed whether stretched penile length (SPL) in the flaccid state and measured penile length at peak erection after intracavernosal injection (ICI) of a vasodilator during PDDU correlated with the etiology of @entity323 . We performed a retrospective review of 93 @entity1 who underwent PDDU for @entity323 . Normal and stretched penile length were measured, both at a flaccid state prior to ICI and at peak erection during PDDU. Collected data included @entity1 demographics, vascular, and anatomic parameters. The mean age was 52  years. SPL was equivalent to peak penile length after ICI in 60 @entity1 (65%, group 1) and did not match in 33 (35%, group 2). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of flaccid, stretched, and post-ICI erect penile lengths, IIEF score, PSV, percent @entity2003 or tumescence, and vasodilator dose used. @entity1 in group 2 had less of a change in penile length from flaccid to erect state (36% vs. 44%, p  =  0.02), higher EDV (12.0 vs. 8.5, p  =  0.041), lower RI (0.6 vs. 1.0, p  =  0.046), and more @entity5501 (82% vs. 53%, p  =  0.001). On multivariate analysis, failure to reach maximum SPL at peak ICI erection (OR 2.255, CI 1.191-4.271, p  =  0.0126), EDV (OR 1.281, CI 1.115-1.471, p  <  0.001) and RI (OR 0.694, CI 0.573-0.723, p  =  0.009) predicted @entity5501 . Failure to reach maximal SPL during PDDU using ICI with a vasodilator agent predicted @entity5501 , which is independent of both @entity2003 and tumescence. This measurement could serve as another diagnostic tool for predicting @entity5501 when PDDU is not readily available. Limitations include the subjective nature of penile measurements and different @entity5015 doses used.

title: Failure to attain stretched penile length after intracavernosal injection of a vasodilator agent is predictive of XXXX on penile duplex Doppler ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['penile rigidity', 'rigidity']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive dysfunction']

answer: @entity5501 :: (MESH:D006504,Disease) :: ['veno-occlusive dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Polymer microparticles used for drug encapsulation and delivery have various surface morphologies depending on the type of formulation ingredients and parameters of the manufacture process. This works aims at investigating the critical parameters governing the morphology of microparticles and to underline the influence of their surface state on the drug release. The classical fabrication process by the "emulsion-solvent evaporation" is addressed using @entity4351 as the polymer and @entity1044 as the volatile organic solvent. The typical surfactants @entity4832 and @entity6496 80 have been considered. Scanning electron microscopy observations showed the various surface morphologies mainly depending on the stirring rate, the viscosity of the oil phase and by the presence of inappropriate surfactants. Because of arrested coalescence during solvent evaporation, the evaporation of the organic solvent causing particles hardening is the most important parameter that controls the morphology. Indeed, slow evaporation allows partial coalescence of the soft particles swollen by the organic solvent, whereas the particles morphology is frozen rapidly upon fast evaporation, thus preventing damaged surface states. Moreover, an effective stabilizing system for the primary emulsion is also a determining factor to control the final morphology. The morphology of the particles has a definite influence on the drug delivery of @entity3875 . The surface morphology should be taken into consideration in the design of polymer microparticles because it allows a control over the drug release kinetics.

title: The parameters influencing the morphology of XXXX microspheres and the resulting release of encapsulated drugs.

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(vinyl alcohol)']

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity6496 :: ('CHEBI:53426', 'Chemical') :: ['polysorbate']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene chloride']

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(  -caprolactone)']

answer: @entity4351 :: (CHEBI:60736,Chemical) :: ['poly(  -caprolactone)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity356 (ASC) is a rare subset of ASC. This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of primary gastric ASC. METHODS: The medical records of 13 consecutive @entity1 with primary gastric ASC between January 2010 and July 2014 from a single institutional database were reviewed. RESULTS: Male predominance was observed (M/F = 10/3) among the @entity1 , and their median age was 62 years (range: 43 to 79 years). The primary lesions were most often found in the upper third of the stomach, with a median @entity5 size of 5 cm (range: 2.25 cm to 10.5 cm). Ten @entity1 underwent radical resections (R0 resection, 76.9%), while three @entity1 had palliative resections (R1/R2 resection, 23.1%). Twelve @entity1 had lymph node @entity3 at the time of surgery. @entity420 and @entity957 components in lymph node were found in eight and two cases, respectively, while two @entity1 had both @entity957 and @entity420 components. In terms of the TNM staging system, stages IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IIIC, and IV were detected in 2 (15.4%), 2 (15.4%), 1 (7.7%), 5 (38.5%), and 3 (23.1%) @entity1 , respectively. The median follow-up period was 22 months (range: 5 to 52 months); during which, four @entity1 were still alive and eight @entity1 died because of @entity5 progression. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 76.9%, 46.2%, and 15.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Primary gastric ASC has a very poor prognosis, and both @entity957 and @entity420 components have distant @entity3 potential.

title: Clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenosquamous carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenosquamous carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Elevated type I interferon (IFN) response gene (IRG) expression has proven clinical relevance in predicting rituximab non-response in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Interference between glucocorticoids (GCs) and type I IFN signaling has been demonstrated in vitro. Since GC use and dose are highly variable among @entity1 before rituximab treatment, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of GC use on IRG expression in relation to rituximab response prediction in @entity309 . METHODS: In two independent cohorts of 32 and 182 biologic-free @entity309 @entity1 and a third cohort of 40 rituximab-starting @entity309 @entity1 , peripheral blood expression of selected IRGs was determined by microarray or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and an IFN-score was calculated. The baseline IFN-score was tested for its predictive value towards rituximab response in relation to GC use using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis in the rituximab cohort. @entity1 with a decrease in disease activity score (   DAS28) >1.2 after 6  months of rituximab were considered responders. RESULTS: We consistently observed suppression of IFN-score in @entity229 users (PREDN(+)) compared to non-users (PREDN(-)). In the rituximab cohort, analysis on PREDN(-) @entity1 (n   =   13) alone revealed improved prediction of rituximab non-response based on baseline IFN-score, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.975 compared to 0.848 in all @entity1 (n   =   40). Using a group-specific IFN-score cut-off for all @entity1 and PREDN(-) @entity1 alone, sensitivity increased from 41% to 88%, respectively, combined with 100% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Because of @entity229 -related suppression of IFN-score, higher accuracy of rituximab response prediction was achieved in PREDN(-) @entity1 . These results suggest that the IFN-score-based rituximab response prediction model could be improved upon implementation of @entity229 use.

title: Effect of XXXX on type I interferon signature in @entity309 : consequences for response prediction to rituximab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Elevated type I interferon (IFN) response gene (IRG) expression has proven clinical relevance in predicting rituximab non-response in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Interference between glucocorticoids (GCs) and type I IFN signaling has been demonstrated in vitro. Since GC use and dose are highly variable among @entity1 before rituximab treatment, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of GC use on IRG expression in relation to rituximab response prediction in @entity309 . METHODS: In two independent cohorts of 32 and 182 biologic-free @entity309 @entity1 and a third cohort of 40 rituximab-starting @entity309 @entity1 , peripheral blood expression of selected IRGs was determined by microarray or quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and an IFN-score was calculated. The baseline IFN-score was tested for its predictive value towards rituximab response in relation to GC use using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis in the rituximab cohort. @entity1 with a decrease in disease activity score (   DAS28) >1.2 after 6  months of rituximab were considered responders. RESULTS: We consistently observed suppression of IFN-score in @entity229 users (PREDN(+)) compared to non-users (PREDN(-)). In the rituximab cohort, analysis on PREDN(-) @entity1 (n   =   13) alone revealed improved prediction of rituximab non-response based on baseline IFN-score, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.975 compared to 0.848 in all @entity1 (n   =   40). Using a group-specific IFN-score cut-off for all @entity1 and PREDN(-) @entity1 alone, sensitivity increased from 41% to 88%, respectively, combined with 100% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Because of @entity229 -related suppression of IFN-score, higher accuracy of rituximab response prediction was achieved in PREDN(-) @entity1 . These results suggest that the IFN-score-based rituximab response prediction model could be improved upon implementation of @entity229 use.

title: Effect of @entity229 on type I interferon signature in XXXX : consequences for response prediction to rituximab.

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Isolated metachronous gastrointestinal metastases from @entity5 are rarely diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and resected. In this report, we present a case of resectable @entity1085 and small intestinal metastases of @entity2 . An 86-year-old @entity1 was treated for @entity2 with resection of the right inferior lobe. Five months after the surgery, she was re-admitted because of @entity476 and @entity417 . Ultrasonography showed a @entity1086 with @entity360 , and laparoscopic-assisted cholecystectomy was subsequently performed. However, 2  months after this event, the @entity1 presented again with @entity476 and @entity417 and was diagnosed with a small @entity4056 . Therefore, laparoscopic-assisted partial resection of the small intestine was performed. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity7457 and @entity5822 confirmed that the two resected @entity5 were metachronous metastases of the primary @entity2 . The @entity1 died of liver metastases 5  months after the last surgery. Our experience with this case suggests that surgical resection might not be curative but palliative for @entity1 with @entity1085 and small intestinal metastases diagnosed on the basis of @entity476 that is resistant to conservative treatment.

title: Usefulness of immunohistochemical studies in diagnosing XXXX and small intestinal metastases from @entity2 with @entity360 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous gallbladder', 'isolated gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage lung cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['metachronous gallbladder']


abstract: Isolated metachronous gastrointestinal metastases from @entity5 are rarely diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and resected. In this report, we present a case of resectable @entity1085 and small intestinal metastases of @entity2 . An 86-year-old @entity1 was treated for @entity2 with resection of the right inferior lobe. Five months after the surgery, she was re-admitted because of @entity476 and @entity417 . Ultrasonography showed a @entity1086 with @entity360 , and laparoscopic-assisted cholecystectomy was subsequently performed. However, 2  months after this event, the @entity1 presented again with @entity476 and @entity417 and was diagnosed with a small @entity4056 . Therefore, laparoscopic-assisted partial resection of the small intestine was performed. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity7457 and @entity5822 confirmed that the two resected @entity5 were metachronous metastases of the primary @entity2 . The @entity1 died of liver metastases 5  months after the last surgery. Our experience with this case suggests that surgical resection might not be curative but palliative for @entity1 with @entity1085 and small intestinal metastases diagnosed on the basis of @entity476 that is resistant to conservative treatment.

title: Usefulness of immunohistochemical studies in diagnosing @entity1085 and small intestinal metastases from XXXX with @entity360 : a case report.

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Isolated metachronous gastrointestinal metastases from @entity5 are rarely diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and resected. In this report, we present a case of resectable @entity1085 and small intestinal metastases of @entity2 . An 86-year-old @entity1 was treated for @entity2 with resection of the right inferior lobe. Five months after the surgery, she was re-admitted because of @entity476 and @entity417 . Ultrasonography showed a @entity1086 with @entity360 , and laparoscopic-assisted cholecystectomy was subsequently performed. However, 2  months after this event, the @entity1 presented again with @entity476 and @entity417 and was diagnosed with a small @entity4056 . Therefore, laparoscopic-assisted partial resection of the small intestine was performed. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity7457 and @entity5822 confirmed that the two resected @entity5 were metachronous metastases of the primary @entity2 . The @entity1 died of liver metastases 5  months after the last surgery. Our experience with this case suggests that surgical resection might not be curative but palliative for @entity1 with @entity1085 and small intestinal metastases diagnosed on the basis of @entity476 that is resistant to conservative treatment.

title: Usefulness of immunohistochemical studies in diagnosing @entity1085 and small intestinal metastases from @entity2 with XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The presence of a new autoantibody system, anti-carbamylated protein (anti- @entity49401 ) antibodies, has been identified in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). The presence of anti- @entity49401 antibodies was evaluated in samples taken from individuals who subsequently developed @entity309 before and after onset of symptoms and related to previously analysed antibodies against citrullinated peptides ( @entity7134 specificities) and anti- @entity14965 . METHODS: A total of 252 individuals, with 423 samples from before onset of symptoms of @entity309 , and 197 population controls were identified as donors to the Medical Biobank of Northern Sweden; 192 of them were also sampled at the time of diagnosis. All samples were analysed for anti- @entity49401 IgG and anti- @entity14965 antibodies using ELISAs. Ten different antibody reactivities against citrullinated antigens ( @entity7134 specificities) were analysed using a custom-made microarray based on the ImmunoCAP ISAC system (Phadia). RESULTS: The concentration of anti- @entity49401 antibodies was significantly increased in the pre-symptomatic individuals compared with controls (P<0.001) and also increased significantly after disease onset (P<0.001). The sensitivity for anti- @entity49401 antibodies in the pre-symptomatic individuals was 13.9% (95% CI: 11 to 17.6) and 42.2% (95% CI: 35.4 to 49.3) following development of @entity309 . Anti- @entity49401 antibody positivity was found in 5.1% to 13.3% of individuals negative for anti- @entity14965 or @entity7134 specificities. Presence of anti- @entity49401 antibodies was significantly related to radiological destruction at baseline, at 24 months and also to radiological change (P<0.05, all). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that anti- @entity49401 antibodies are associated with disease development, even after adjusting for the presence of different @entity7134 fine specificities, and in anti- @entity14965 negative individuals and contribute to the identification of a subset of @entity1 with worse radiological progression of the disease independent of @entity7134 .

title: Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in the pre-symptomatic phase of XXXX , their relationship with multiple anti-citrulline peptide antibodies and association with radiological damage.

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Correct target positioning is crucial for accurate dose delivery in breast radiotherapy resulting in utilisation of daily imaging. However, the radiation dose from daily imaging is associated with increased probability of secondary induced @entity5 . The aim of this study was to quantify doses associated with three imaging modalities and investigate the correlation of dose and varying breast size in breast radiotherapy. METHODS: Planning computed tomography (CT) data sets of 30 @entity0 @entity1 were utilised to simulate the dose received by various organs from a megavoltage computed tomography (MV-CT), megavoltage electronic portal image (MV-EPI) and megavoltage cone-beam computed tomography (MV-CBCT). The mean dose to organs adjacent to the target volume (contralateral breast, lungs, spinal cord and heart) were analysed. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between imaging dose and primary breast volume and the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of induced secondary @entity5 was calculated for the contralateral breast. RESULTS: The highest contralateral breast mean dose was from the MV-CBCT (1.79  Gy), followed by MV-EPI (0.22  Gy) and MV-CT (0.11  Gy). A similar trend was found for all organs at risk (OAR) analysed. The primary breast volume inversely correlated with the contralateral breast dose for all three imaging modalities. As the primary breast volume increases, the likelihood of a @entity1 developing a radiation-induced secondary @entity5 to the contralateral breast decreases. MV-CBCT showed a stronger relationship between breast size and LAR of developing a radiation-induced @entity0 in comparison with the MV-CT and MV-EPI. CONCLUSIONS: For breast @entity1 , imaging dose to OAR depends on imaging modality and treated breast size. When considering the use of imaging during breast radiotherapy, the @entity1 's breast size and contralateral breast dose should be taken into account.

title: Imaging dose in breast radiotherapy: does breast size affect the dose to the organs at risk and the risk of secondary XXXX to the contralateral breast?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG) has been developed in the hope of improving surgical quality and overcoming the limitations of conventional laparoscopic assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) for @entity356 . The aim of this study was to determine the extent of evidence in support of these ideals. METHODS: A systematic review of the two operation types (LADG and TLDG) was carried out to evaluate short-term outcomes including duration of operation, retrieved lymph nodes, estimated @entity190 , resection margin status, technical @entity260 , and hospital stay. RESULTS: Twelve non-randomized observational clinical studies involving 2,255 @entity1 satisfied the eligibility criteria. Operative time was not statistically different between groups (P > 0.05). The number of retrieved lymph nodes and the resection margin length in TLDG were comparable with those in LADG. Estimated @entity190 was significantly less in TLDG than that in @entity18110 (P < 0.01). Compared to LADG, TLDG also involved lesser postoperative hospital stay (P < 0.01) and earlier time to soft diet intake (P < 0.05). Time to flatus and @entity260 were similar for those two operative approaches. CONCLUSIONS: TLDG may be a technically safe, feasible, and favorable approach in terms of better cosmesis, less @entity190 , and faster recovery compared with LADG.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of totally laparoscopic versus laparoscopic assisted distal gastrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Excessive mechanical loading of articular cartilage producing hydrostatic stress, tensile strain and fluid flow leads to irreversible @entity1844 . Since application of high fluid shear to chondrocytes recapitulates some of the earmarks of OA, we aimed to screen the gene expression profiles of shear-activated chondrocytes and assess potential similarities with OA chondrocytes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using a cDNA microarray technology, we screened the differentially-regulated genes in @entity1 T/C-28a2 chondrocytes subjected to high fluid shear (20 dyn/cm(2)) for 48 h and 72 h relative to static controls. Confirmation of the expression patterns of select genes was obtained by qRT-PCR. Using significance analysis of microarrays with a 5% false discovery rate, 71 and 60 non-redundant transcripts were identified to be >= 2-fold up-regulated and  <=0.6-fold down-regulated, respectively, in sheared chondrocytes. Published data sets indicate that 42 of these genes, which are related to extracellular matrix/degradation, cell proliferation/differentiation, @entity32 and cell survival/death, are differentially-regulated in OA chondrocytes. In view of the pivotal role of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) in the pathogenesis and/or progression of OA in vivo and regulation of shear-induced @entity32 and apoptosis in vitro, we identified a collection of genes that are either up- or down-regulated by shear-induced @entity3840 . @entity3840 and @entity8172 ( @entity8172 ) induce reactive @entity26 species production, and negatively regulate genes of the histone and cell cycle families, which may play a critical role in chondrocyte death. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Prolonged application of high fluid shear stress to chondrocytes recapitulates gene expression profiles associated with @entity571 . Our data suggest a potential link between exposure of chondrocytes/cartilage to abnormal mechanical loading and the pathogenesis/progression of OA.

title: Prolonged application of high fluid shear to chondrocytes recapitulates gene expression profiles associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage erosion and osteoarthritic (OA) disease']

entities_list: @entity8172 :: ('5730', 'Gene') :: ['L-PGDS', 'L-prostaglandin D synthase']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management for @entity179 with @entity612 remains controversial. Reduction of lumbar spondylolisthesis has been performed via numerous techniques. Most of them need extra reduction assembly. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, 27 @entity1 of @entity179 with @entity612 underwent reduction using polyaxial screw and rod constructs and posterolateral fusion. The average age at the time of surgery was 53        3.23  years. The outcome measures consisted of a radiographic assessment of deformity and fusion rate and a clinical assessment of perioperative improvement in @entity1643 and function. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic evaluation included the percent slip, slip angle, and the lumbar @entity1515 between L1 and the sacrum measured using the Cobb method. Before surgery and at the final follow-up, the @entity717 Index (ODI) and the @entity227 analog scale (VPAS) between 0 (no @entity158 ) and 10 ( @entity158 ) were quantified. RESULTS: The average follow-up period more than 5  years was available. The mean operative time was 90.19        14.51  min, and the mean @entity190 during surgery was 152.59        45.71  ml. The mean length of incision was 4.83        0.63  cm. The average percent slippage and the mean slip angle were, respectively, 19.8        4.49% and 9.69        3.79   before surgery, 5.09        3.40% and 6.39        3.16   after surgery, and 5.67        3.92% and 7.21        3.05   at the last follow-up. The average lumbar @entity1515 was 36.88        2.64   before surgery, 41.96        1.64   after surgery, and 40.27        1.19   at the final follow-up. No @entity51 occurred. Solid fusion was achieved for all cases. Compared with the outcome preoperation, the data improved from 6.56        1.40 to 2.48        1.16 for VPAS @entity158 scores and from 32.22        3.57 to 10.93        4.93 for the ODI at the final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Lever slip reduction maneuver techniques using polyaxial screw and rod fixation system was simple and practicable. The treatment outcomes showed satisfactory radiographic characteristics and clinical results. The length of the incision was relatively small with a low intraoperative @entity190 and short operation time.

title: Lever reduction using polyaxial screw and rod fixation system for the treatment of XXXX with @entity612 : technique and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual pain']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'maximal pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management for @entity179 with @entity612 remains controversial. Reduction of lumbar spondylolisthesis has been performed via numerous techniques. Most of them need extra reduction assembly. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, 27 @entity1 of @entity179 with @entity612 underwent reduction using polyaxial screw and rod constructs and posterolateral fusion. The average age at the time of surgery was 53        3.23  years. The outcome measures consisted of a radiographic assessment of deformity and fusion rate and a clinical assessment of perioperative improvement in @entity1643 and function. Preoperative and postoperative radiographic evaluation included the percent slip, slip angle, and the lumbar @entity1515 between L1 and the sacrum measured using the Cobb method. Before surgery and at the final follow-up, the @entity717 Index (ODI) and the @entity227 analog scale (VPAS) between 0 (no @entity158 ) and 10 ( @entity158 ) were quantified. RESULTS: The average follow-up period more than 5  years was available. The mean operative time was 90.19        14.51  min, and the mean @entity190 during surgery was 152.59        45.71  ml. The mean length of incision was 4.83        0.63  cm. The average percent slippage and the mean slip angle were, respectively, 19.8        4.49% and 9.69        3.79   before surgery, 5.09        3.40% and 6.39        3.16   after surgery, and 5.67        3.92% and 7.21        3.05   at the last follow-up. The average lumbar @entity1515 was 36.88        2.64   before surgery, 41.96        1.64   after surgery, and 40.27        1.19   at the final follow-up. No @entity51 occurred. Solid fusion was achieved for all cases. Compared with the outcome preoperation, the data improved from 6.56        1.40 to 2.48        1.16 for VPAS @entity158 scores and from 32.22        3.57 to 10.93        4.93 for the ODI at the final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Lever slip reduction maneuver techniques using polyaxial screw and rod fixation system was simple and practicable. The treatment outcomes showed satisfactory radiographic characteristics and clinical results. The length of the incision was relatively small with a low intraoperative @entity190 and short operation time.

title: Lever reduction using polyaxial screw and rod fixation system for the treatment of @entity179 with XXXX : technique and clinical outcome.

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A sensory stimulus can only be properly interpreted in light of the stimuli that surround it in space and time. The @entity10582 ( @entity10582 ) and tilt after-effect (TAE) provide good evidence that the perception of a target depends strongly on both its spatial and temporal context. In previous studies, the @entity10582 and TAE have typically been investigated separately, so little is known about their co-effects on visual perception and information processing mechanisms. Here, we considered the influence of the spatial context and the temporal effect together and asked how center-surround context affects the TAE in foveal and @entity227 . Our results showed that different center-surround spatial patterns significantly affected the TAE for both foveal and @entity227 . In the fovea, the TAE was mainly produced by central adaptive gratings. Cross-oriented surroundings significantly inhibited the TAE, and iso-oriented surroundings slightly facilitated it; surround inhibition was much stronger than surround facilitation. In the para-fovea, the TAE was mainly decided by the surrounding patches. Likewise, a cross-oriented central patch inhibited the TAE, and an iso-oriented one facilitated it, but there was no significant difference between inhibition and facilitation. Our findings demonstrated, at the perceptual level, that our visual system adopts different mechanisms to process consistent or inconsistent central-surround orientation information and that the unequal magnitude of surround inhibition and facilitation is vitally important for the visual system to improve the detectability or discriminability of novel or incongruent stimuli.

title: Contextual influence on the tilt after-effect in foveal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['para-foveal vision']

entities_list: @entity10582 :: ('MESH:D007088', 'Disease') :: ['TI', 'tilt illusion']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['para-foveal vision']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Topical corticosteroids (CSs) are the mainstay of treatment for @entity484 but @entity1050 and fears are prevalent and influence therapeutic efficacy. AIM: To quantify if CS acceptability and fear affect @entity1 ' quality-of-life (QoL). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity484 managed in the pediatric dermatology outpatient clinic of a university hospital were surveyed. Nottingham Eczema Severity Score (NESS) for severity, @entity1 's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) for QoL, CS fear, acceptability and reported frequency of CS use were measured with quantified questions. RESULTS: CS fears were prevalent among parents and caregivers of @entity1 with @entity484 . Fifty-eight percent of parents reported general acceptability of CS as being very good or good, and many applied CS to their @entity1 regularly every week. However, >40% of parents reported CS fear "always" or "often", 41% reported that they "always" or "often" apply CS only when @entity484 got worse, 57% would discuss CS fear with their doctors, 30% would request CS-sparing medications and 14% "always" or "often" use traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Fears were predominantly interpersonal and less often iatrogenic in nature. Skin problems were the most concerned side effects of CS. CS acceptability, frequency of CS usage, CS fear and usage of alternative medications were independent domains in @entity484 management: CS fears correlated with CDLQI; CS usage frequency correlated with NESS and negatively with parental education; and CS acceptability correlated with parental education. Ordinal logistic regressions showed worse QoL was associated with more CS fear (odds ratio: 1.092 [95% CI: 1.023-1.165], p   =   0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The extent of CS fears is independent of CS acceptability, but correlates with @entity1 ' QoL. Desensitization of parental CS fears should be integral part of @entity484 education and therapeutics in order to improve therapeutic efficacy and @entity1 ' QoL.

title: Correlations among steroid fear, acceptability, usage frequency, quality of life and disease severity in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

answer: @entity484 :: (MESH:D004485,Disease) :: ['eczema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results from arthroscopic suturing of large and extensive @entity717 , according to the @entity1 's degree of @entity2331 . METHOD: 138 @entity1 who underwent arthroscopic suturing of large and extensive @entity717 between 2003 and 2011 were analyzed. Those operated from October 2008 onwards formed a prospective cohort, while the remainder formed a retrospective cohort. Also from October 2008 onwards, bone densitometry evaluation was requested at the time of the surgical treatment. For the @entity1 operated before this date, densitometry examinations performed up to two years before or after the surgical treatment were investigated. The @entity1 were divided into three groups. Those with @entity170 formed group 1 (n  =  16); those with @entity2331 , group 2 (n  =  33); and normal individuals, group 3 (n  =  55). RESULTS: In analyzing the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scores of group 3 and comparing them with group 2, no statistically significant difference was seen (p  =  0.070). Analysis on group 3 in comparison with group 1 showed a statistically significant difference (p  =  0.027). CONCLUSION: The results from arthroscopic suturing of large and extensive @entity717 seem to be influenced by the @entity1 's bone mineral density, as assessed using bone densitometry.

title: Comparative analysis on arthroscopic sutures of large and extensive @entity717 in relation to the degree of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotator cuff injuries']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity2331 :: (MESH:D001851,Disease) :: ['osteopenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results from arthroscopic suturing of large and extensive @entity717 , according to the @entity1 's degree of @entity2331 . METHOD: 138 @entity1 who underwent arthroscopic suturing of large and extensive @entity717 between 2003 and 2011 were analyzed. Those operated from October 2008 onwards formed a prospective cohort, while the remainder formed a retrospective cohort. Also from October 2008 onwards, bone densitometry evaluation was requested at the time of the surgical treatment. For the @entity1 operated before this date, densitometry examinations performed up to two years before or after the surgical treatment were investigated. The @entity1 were divided into three groups. Those with @entity170 formed group 1 (n  =  16); those with @entity2331 , group 2 (n  =  33); and normal individuals, group 3 (n  =  55). RESULTS: In analyzing the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) scores of group 3 and comparing them with group 2, no statistically significant difference was seen (p  =  0.070). Analysis on group 3 in comparison with group 1 showed a statistically significant difference (p  =  0.027). CONCLUSION: The results from arthroscopic suturing of large and extensive @entity717 seem to be influenced by the @entity1 's bone mineral density, as assessed using bone densitometry.

title: Comparative analysis on arthroscopic sutures of large and extensive XXXX in relation to the degree of @entity2331 .

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['rotator cuff injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Providing health services to an ageing population is challenging, and in rural areas even more so. It is expensive to provide high quality services to small populations who are widely dispersed; staff and @entity1 are often required to travel considerable distances to access services, and the economic downturn has created a climate where delivery costs are under constant review. There is potential for technology to overcome some of these problems by decreasing or ceasing the need for @entity1 and health professionals to travel to attend/deliver in- @entity1 appointments. A variety of eHealth initiatives (for example Pathways through @entity158 an online course aimed to aid self-help amongst those living with persistent @entity158 ) have been launched across the UK, but roll out remains at an early stage. METHODS: This mixed-methods study of older adults with @entity1118 examines attitudes towards, current use of and acceptance of the use of technology in healthcare. A survey (n   =   168, 40% response rate) captured broad experiences of the use of technology in health and social care. Semi-structured interviews (four with technology and seven without technology @entity1 ) elicited attitudes towards technology in healthcare and explored attributes of personal and social interaction during home visits. RESULTS: @entity1 suffering from @entity1118 access healthcare in a variety of ways. eHealth technology use was most common amongst older adults who lived alone. There was broad acceptance of eHealth being used in future care of @entity1 with @entity1118 , but older adults wanted eHealth to be delivered alongside existing in- @entity1 visits from health and social care professionals. CONCLUSIONS: eHealth has the potential to overcome some traditional challenges of providing rural healthcare, however roll out needs to be gradual and begin by supplementing, not substituting, existing care and should be mindful of individual's circumstances, capability and preferences. Acceptance of technology may relate to existing levels of personal and social contact, and may be greater where technological help is not perceived to be replacing in- @entity1 care.

title: Attitudes towards the use and acceptance of eHealth technologies: a case study of older adults living with XXXX and implications for rural healthcare.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Normal function of the upper limb is seldom restored after limb-sparing surgery for @entity5 of the proximal humerus. The literature suggests superior shoulder function is achieved in the short term with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty compared to other techniques when performed for conditions with rotator cuff deficiency. It is unclear whether this superiority is maintained when reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is performed for @entity5 . QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: When performed for @entity5 , we determined whether reverse total shoulder arthroplasty restores function and improves motion, the complications associated with the surgery, and whether reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with autologous grafting is associated with bone resorption. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 14 @entity1 who had undergone reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for @entity5 of the proximal humerus. Four @entity1 died, leaving nine @entity1 for review. The surviving @entity1 were evaluated clinically and radiographically. The minimum followup was 0.6 years (mean, 7.7 years; range, 0.6-12 years). RESULTS: At last followup, mean active abduction was 157   and mean functional Constant-Murley score was 76%. One @entity1 had a @entity281 and one developed a loose prosthesis; both were treated with single-stage exchange. At last followup, both @entity1 had reasonable function without evidence of @entity281 or loosening. Radiographic graft resorption was seen in all but one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest, at medium-term followup, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is a reasonable option for @entity5 of the proximal humerus. It has low morbidity, restores a mean active abduction of 157  , and limits the impairment of activities of daily living. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Does reverse shoulder arthroplasty for XXXX of the proximal humerus reduce impairment?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Follicular fluid is important for follicular development and oocyte maturation. Evidence suggests that follicular fluid is not only rich in proteins but cells. Besides oocytes, the follicular fluid contains granulosa, thecal, and ovarian surface epithelial cells, and both granulosa and thecal cells are well-characterized. However, epithelial cells in follicular fluid are poorly studied. This study aims to isolate and characterize in vitro epithelial cells that originate from @entity1 ovarian follicular fluid retrieved in the assisted fertilization program. METHODS: Follicular fluid samples were collected from 20 @entity1 in the assisted reproduction program. Epithelial cells were characterized by flow cytometry assay, immunofluorescence staining, real-time PCR, and time lapse photography. RESULTS: Epithelial cell cultures were established from 18 samples. A small population of epithelial cells expresses germ-line stem cell markers, such as @entity4729 ( @entity4729 ), @entity2440 , and @entity30137 ( @entity30137 ). In the epithelial cell culture system, oocyte-like cells formed spontaneously in vitro and expressed the following transcription markers: deleted in @entity3893 -like ( @entity28866 ), developmental pluripotency associated protein 3 @entity28374 -related protein ( @entity28374 ), zona pellucida gene family C (ZPC), @entity17938 ( @entity17938 ), and @entity24262 ( @entity24262 ). Some of the oocyte-like cells developed a zona pellucida-like structure. Both the symmetric and asymmetric division split of epithelial cells and early developing oocytes were observed using time lapse photography. Cell colonies were formed during epithelial culturing, which maintained and proliferated in an undifferentiated way on the feeder layer and expressed some pluripotency markers. These colonies differentiated in vitro into various somatic cell types in all three germ layers, but did not form @entity44 when injected into immunodeficient @entity19 . Furthermore, these epithelial cells could be differentiated directly to functional hepatocyte-like cells, which do not exist in ovarian tissues. CONCLUSIONS: The epithelial cells derived from follicular fluid are a potential stem cell source with a pluripotent/multipotent character for safe application in oogenesis and regenerative medicine.

title: Identification and characterization of epithelial cells derived from XXXX ovarian follicular fluid.

entities_list: @entity17938 :: ('114131', 'Gene') :: ['Syntaptonemal complex protein', 'SCP']

entities_list: @entity24262 :: ('2661', 'Gene') :: ['growth and differentiation factor 9', 'GDF9']

entities_list: @entity4729 :: ('5460', 'Gene') :: ['OCT4', 'octamer-binding transcription factor 4']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

entities_list: @entity30137 :: ('54514', 'Gene') :: ['DEAD box polypeptide 4', 'DDX4']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity2828 is a common @entity5 of childhood but is a rare occurrence in individuals over 20 years of age. Few cases are reported as originating from peripheral nerves. We present an unusual case of extraosseous @entity2828 originating from the sciatic nerve in a 66-year-old @entity1 which had the clinical hallmarks of a @entity5 . Following discussion at a multidisciplinary meeting, excision biopsy of the suspected @entity5 was planned. At operation, the mass had malignant features. Histology confirmed the presence of @entity2828 . Due to the morbidity of nerve resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were commenced. @entity2828 is known to mimic benign pathologies. In this case there were subtle signs of a malignant process in the form of unremitting @entity158 . It is vital to keep in mind the less common @entity5 that can affect the peripheral nervous system in such cases.

title: Extraskeletal XXXX Arising from the Sciatic Nerve: A Diagnostic Challenge.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumour', 'tumours', 'benign nerve sheath tumour']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's Sarcoma']


abstract: We explored the potential differences in cognitive status, lipid and @entity413 metabolism, @entity2204 alleles and imaging between @entity6 and non- @entity6 subjects. 83 subjects with normal cognitive function and 114 mild @entity73 @entity1 were divided into four groups by history of @entity6 . General demographics was collected from all @entity1 followed by MRI scan, biochemical examinations and a series of neuropsychological tests. Student's t test, multiple regressions and one-way ANOVA were applied to investigate the differences between groups. Comparing @entity6 @entity1 with non- @entity6 subjects in the mild @entity73 group, we found several decreased items in recall of three words in MMSE (p=0.020), AVLT and SCWT (p<0.050). The multiple linear regression revealed that two-hour @entity413 level (B= -0.255, p<0.001) and fasting @entity2690 (B= -0.466, p=0.001) had negative effects on the score of MMSE. In addition, @entity6 @entity1 treated with insulin and other @entity6 medication performed better in part of the AVLT (p<0.050) compared to @entity1 with insulin treatment or oral antidiabetic medication only. @entity1 with @entity2449 medication had a better memory outcome compared to @entity1 with sulphonylurea medication in the AVLT long delay free recall (p =0.010). These findings show that @entity1 of mild @entity73 with @entity6 have a worse outcome in attention, information processing speed and memory compared to non- @entity6 @entity1 . Higher two-hour @entity413 level and @entity2690 level may be risk factors for severe @entity73 in @entity6 @entity1 . The results of this study also suggest that medication may have effects on cognitive function.

title: Clinical Characteristics for the Relationship between Type-2 XXXX and @entity73 : A Cross-Sectional Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'type-2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impaired']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: We explored the potential differences in cognitive status, lipid and @entity413 metabolism, @entity2204 alleles and imaging between @entity6 and non- @entity6 subjects. 83 subjects with normal cognitive function and 114 mild @entity73 @entity1 were divided into four groups by history of @entity6 . General demographics was collected from all @entity1 followed by MRI scan, biochemical examinations and a series of neuropsychological tests. Student's t test, multiple regressions and one-way ANOVA were applied to investigate the differences between groups. Comparing @entity6 @entity1 with non- @entity6 subjects in the mild @entity73 group, we found several decreased items in recall of three words in MMSE (p=0.020), AVLT and SCWT (p<0.050). The multiple linear regression revealed that two-hour @entity413 level (B= -0.255, p<0.001) and fasting @entity2690 (B= -0.466, p=0.001) had negative effects on the score of MMSE. In addition, @entity6 @entity1 treated with insulin and other @entity6 medication performed better in part of the AVLT (p<0.050) compared to @entity1 with insulin treatment or oral antidiabetic medication only. @entity1 with @entity2449 medication had a better memory outcome compared to @entity1 with sulphonylurea medication in the AVLT long delay free recall (p =0.010). These findings show that @entity1 of mild @entity73 with @entity6 have a worse outcome in attention, information processing speed and memory compared to non- @entity6 @entity1 . Higher two-hour @entity413 level and @entity2690 level may be risk factors for severe @entity73 in @entity6 @entity1 . The results of this study also suggest that medication may have effects on cognitive function.

title: Clinical Characteristics for the Relationship between Type-2 @entity6 and XXXX : A Cross-Sectional Study.

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:    @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) exhibit a combination of signs and symptoms, mainly characterized by @entity158 and dysfunction, which impairs the functional capacity of the mastication system. These symptoms may produce a negative impact on social activities, employment and leisure. The aim of this study was to early identify the signs and symptoms of @entity2956 and their impact on daily life of non- @entity1 university students.    METHODS:    Data were collected from 183 students of the dentistry course. The @entity2270 II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for @entity2956 was administered and analyzed using Spearman test at a significance level of 0.05.    RESULTS:    Among the 183 @entity1 , 107 were @entity1 (58.47%) and 76 were @entity1 (41.53%). Age ranged from 18 to 47, with a mean age of 25.35 years. In relation to @entity158 intensity and disability, 129 @entity1 (70.88%) reported no @entity158 in the previous 6 months. An analysis of @entity308 revealed that 35 (19.67%) had moderate and 7 (3.83%) had severe @entity308 . The assessment of nonspecific physical symptoms including @entity158 revealed that nine (4.92%) exhibited moderate symptoms, and one (0.55%) exhibited severe symptoms. The nonspecific physical symptoms excluding items of @entity158 analysis revealed that 44 (24.04%) exhibited moderate symptoms, and 91 (49.73%) exhibited severe. The functions reported as most adversely affected by @entity89 were @entity7875 , eating hard foods, chewing, smiling and laughing. Regarding the habit, 64 (35%) confirmed having the nighttime and 59 daytime (32.3%) teeth grinding with a significant correlation with the four domains analyzed. A significant correlation was observed among all domains.    CONCLUSION:    This study analyzed a young population that exhibited @entity177 and nonspecific physical symptoms excluding @entity158 that need some intervention since they could progress to a symptomatic @entity2956 in future.

title: Signs and symptoms of XXXX and their impact on psychosocial status in non- @entity1 university student's population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['Temporomandibular Disorders', 'TMD', 'Temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['para-functional habits']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw disability']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:    @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) exhibit a combination of signs and symptoms, mainly characterized by @entity158 and dysfunction, which impairs the functional capacity of the mastication system. These symptoms may produce a negative impact on social activities, employment and leisure. The aim of this study was to early identify the signs and symptoms of @entity2956 and their impact on daily life of non- @entity1 university students.    METHODS:    Data were collected from 183 students of the dentistry course. The @entity2270 II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for @entity2956 was administered and analyzed using Spearman test at a significance level of 0.05.    RESULTS:    Among the 183 @entity1 , 107 were @entity1 (58.47%) and 76 were @entity1 (41.53%). Age ranged from 18 to 47, with a mean age of 25.35 years. In relation to @entity158 intensity and disability, 129 @entity1 (70.88%) reported no @entity158 in the previous 6 months. An analysis of @entity308 revealed that 35 (19.67%) had moderate and 7 (3.83%) had severe @entity308 . The assessment of nonspecific physical symptoms including @entity158 revealed that nine (4.92%) exhibited moderate symptoms, and one (0.55%) exhibited severe symptoms. The nonspecific physical symptoms excluding items of @entity158 analysis revealed that 44 (24.04%) exhibited moderate symptoms, and 91 (49.73%) exhibited severe. The functions reported as most adversely affected by @entity89 were @entity7875 , eating hard foods, chewing, smiling and laughing. Regarding the habit, 64 (35%) confirmed having the nighttime and 59 daytime (32.3%) teeth grinding with a significant correlation with the four domains analyzed. A significant correlation was observed among all domains.    CONCLUSION:    This study analyzed a young population that exhibited @entity177 and nonspecific physical symptoms excluding @entity158 that need some intervention since they could progress to a symptomatic @entity2956 in future.

title: Signs and symptoms of @entity2956 and their impact on psychosocial status in non- XXXX university student's population.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microbial polyesters, also known as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), closely resemble physical and mechanical features of petroleum derived plastics. Recombinant @entity526 strains are being used in industrial production of PHAs in Stirred Tank Bioreactors (STRs). However, use of Air-Lift Reactors (ALRs) has been known to offer numerous technical operating options over STRs, and as such has been successfully implemented in many bioprocesses. Halomonas boliviensis is a halophilic bacterium that is known to assimilate various @entity3363 and convert them into a particular type of PHA known as @entity13099 ( @entity13100 ). Owing to this capability, it has been used to synthesize the @entity2635 using hydrolysates of starch or @entity3505 bran in stirred tank bioreactors. RESULTS: This research article firstly describes the production of @entity13100 in shake flasks by H. boliviensis using different combinations of @entity3363 and partially hydrolyzed starch as @entity505 sources. The highest @entity13100 yields, between 56 and 61  % (wt.), were achieved when either starch hydrolysate or a mixture of @entity413 and @entity6122 were used as @entity505 sources. The starch hydrolysate obtained in this study was then used as @entity505 source in an ALR. The largest amount of @entity13100 , 41  % (wt.), was attained after 24  hrs of cultivation during which @entity7969 in the hydrolysate was assimilated more rapidly than @entity413 during active cell growth; however, the rate of assimilation of both the @entity3363 was found to be similar during synthesis of @entity13100 . An incomplete @entity36435 pathway, which lacks @entity16749 dehydrogenase, was deduced from the genome sequence of this bacterium and may result in the characteristic assimilation of @entity413 and @entity7969 by the cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the production of @entity13100 by H. boliviensis using cheap substrates such as starch hydrolysate in a simple production system involving an ALR is feasible. Both @entity7969 and @entity413 in the hydrolysate induce cell growth and @entity13100 synthesis; most likely the cells balance adequately @entity9931 and @entity1110 during the assimilation of these @entity3363 . The combination of cheap substrates, simple production systems and the use of non-strict sterile conditions by the halophile H. boliviensis are desirable traits for large scale production of @entity13100 , and should lead to a competitive bioprocess.

title: Production of XXXX by Halomonas boliviensis in an air-lift reactor.

entities_list: @entity13099 :: ('MESH:C003182', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)']

entities_list: @entity16749 :: ('MESH:C008884', 'Chemical') :: ['6-phosphogluconate']

entities_list: @entity36435 :: ('D010428', 'Chemical') :: ['pentose phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity13099 :: (MESH:C003182,Chemical) :: ['poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)']


abstract: We developed the Japanese Registry of Neuroendovascular Therapy 2 (JR-NET2) database and used the information for a retrospective, nation-wide multicenter, observational study to clarify the clinical characteristics, current status of procedures, and outcome of @entity1 treated by neuroendovascular therapy in Japan. In this report, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) in the JR-NET2 database. All @entity1 with @entity2457 treated with endovascular therapy in 150 Japanese hospitals were included. @entity1 characteristics, clinical presentations, and imaging characteristics were analyzed. A total of 1,075 @entity1 with @entity2457 underwent 1,520 endovascular procedures. Of 1,075 @entity1 , 45% were @entity1 and 55% were @entity1 . The mean age was 65  13 years. The most frequent location of @entity2457 was the cavernous sinus (43.6%), followed by the @entity2458 ( @entity2458 ) (33.4%). Twelve percent of the @entity1 had @entity932 , 9% had @entity1188 , and 3% had @entity410 . The statistically significant independent risk factors of @entity932 were @entity2458 , superior sagittal sinus (SSS), tentorium, anterior cranial fossa, cranio-cervical junction, cortical @entity1211 (CVR), and varix. Risk factors of @entity1188 were age older than 60 years, male sex, @entity2458 , SSS, and CVR. Risk factors of @entity410 were male sex, SSS, and CVR. This is the largest nationwide report, to date, of the clinical characteristics of @entity2457 treated by neuroendovascular therapy. CVR was a major risk factor of aggressive symptoms.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in Japan: Analysis of Japanese Registry of Neuroendovascular Therapy (JR-NET2).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'dAVFs']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['venous infarction']

entities_list: @entity2458 :: ('MESH:D020227', 'Disease') :: ['TSS', 'transverse-sigmoid sinus']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['Dural Arteriovenous Fistula']


abstract: Parent @entity432 (PAO) is an alternative to surgical clipping or endovascular endosaccular coil embolization for the management of @entity438 . Most @entity439 are not amenable to endosaccular coil embolization due to anatomical considerations, such as a broad-neck. However, majority of reports regarding the safety of PAO are based on case series involving a relatively small number of @entity1 . In the present study, a total of 381 consecutive @entity1 with unruptured @entity438 who were treated with PAO were extracted from the Japanese Registry of Neuroendovascular Therapy (JR-NET) 1 and JR-NET2 database, which are nationwide surveys conducted by the Japanese Society of Neuroendovascular Therapy. The mean age of the 381 @entity1 was 58.1 years, and 59.3% were female. The aneurysmal location included the vertebral artery (42%) and the cavernous portion of internal carotid artery (32%). The @entity439 size and shape consisted of fusiform (45%), giant (25%), and large (22%). Symptomatic lesions were present in 59.8% of the population. Technical success was achieved in 98.4%. The 30-day morbidity and mortality rates were 3.1% and 1.0%, respectively. The most frequent procedure-related complication was @entity385 , which occurred in 12.9% (distal embolism, 6.0%; branch occlusion, 3.9%). The 30-day morbidity and mortality rates related to @entity385 were 2.1% and 0.3%, respectively. PAO for @entity439 is feasible with a high technical success rate. Peri-procedural management of @entity385 is the key to enhance the safety of this treatment option.

title: Parent Artery Occlusion for Unruptured XXXX : The Japanese Registry of Neuroendovascular Therapy (JR-NET) 1 and 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['giant and fusiform aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 39 ( @entity33986 ) is a 65  kDa @entity72155 involved in RNA splicing. Previous studies showed that @entity33986 is related with tumorigenesis of @entity1 @entity0 cells. RESULTS: In the present study, we investigated the functions of @entity33986 in @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cell line SMMC-7721. We knocked down the expression of @entity33986 through lentivirus mediated RNA interference. The results of qRT-PCR and western blotting assay showed that both the mRNA and protein levels were suppressed efficiently after @entity33986 specific shRNA was delivered into SMMC-7721 cells. Cell growth was significantly inhibited as determined by @entity98 assay. Crystal violet staining indicated that colony numbers and sizes were both reduced after knock-down of @entity33986 . Furthermore, suppression of @entity33986 arrested cell cycle progression at G2/M phase in SMMC-7721cells. In addition, @entity4404 showed that downregulation of @entity33986 significantly increased the population of apoptotic cells. CONCLUSIONS: All our results suggest that @entity33986 is important for @entity157 cell proliferation and is a potential target for molecular therapy of @entity157 .

title: Lentivirus mediated silencing of ubiquitin specific peptidase 39 inhibits cell proliferation of @entity1 XXXX cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 39 ( @entity33986 ) is a 65  kDa @entity72155 involved in RNA splicing. Previous studies showed that @entity33986 is related with tumorigenesis of @entity1 @entity0 cells. RESULTS: In the present study, we investigated the functions of @entity33986 in @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cell line SMMC-7721. We knocked down the expression of @entity33986 through lentivirus mediated RNA interference. The results of qRT-PCR and western blotting assay showed that both the mRNA and protein levels were suppressed efficiently after @entity33986 specific shRNA was delivered into SMMC-7721 cells. Cell growth was significantly inhibited as determined by @entity98 assay. Crystal violet staining indicated that colony numbers and sizes were both reduced after knock-down of @entity33986 . Furthermore, suppression of @entity33986 arrested cell cycle progression at G2/M phase in SMMC-7721cells. In addition, @entity4404 showed that downregulation of @entity33986 significantly increased the population of apoptotic cells. CONCLUSIONS: All our results suggest that @entity33986 is important for @entity157 cell proliferation and is a potential target for molecular therapy of @entity157 .

title: Lentivirus mediated silencing of ubiquitin specific peptidase 39 inhibits cell proliferation of XXXX @entity157 cells in vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutations in @entity460 -responsive transactivator (CREST) encoding gene have been recently linked to @entity2655 . Similar to several proteins implicated in @entity2655 , CREST contains a prion-like domain and was reported to be a component of paraspeckles. RESULTS: We demonstrate that CREST is prone to aggregation and co-aggregates with FUS but not with other two @entity2655 , @entity745 and TAF15, in cultured cells. Aggregation of CREST affects paraspeckle integrity, probably by trapping other paraspeckle proteins within aggregates. Like several other @entity2655 -associated proteins, CREST is recruited to induced stress granules. Neither of the CREST mutations described in @entity2655 alters its subcellular localization, stress granule recruitment or detergent solubility; however @entity72156 mutation results in elevated steady-state levels and more frequent nuclear aggregation of the protein. Both wild-type protein and its mutants negatively affect neurite network complexity of unstimulated cultured neurons when overexpressed, with @entity72156 mutation being the most deleterious. When overexpressed in the @entity238 eye, wild-type CREST or its mutants lead to severe @entity2000 without obvious differences between the variants. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that CREST and certain other @entity2655 share several features implicated in @entity2655 pathogenesis, namely the ability to aggregate, be recruited to stress granules and alter paraspeckle integrity. A change in CREST levels in neurons which might occur under pathological conditions would have a profound negative effect on neuronal homeostasis.

title: XXXX -responsive transactivator (CREST) protein shares a set of structural and functional traits with other proteins associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2655 :: ('MESH:C565957', 'Disease') :: ['ALS-linked proteins', 'ALS']

entities_list: @entity72156 :: ('p|SUB|Q|388|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q388stop']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    National surveillance of gastrointestinal pathogens, such as Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 O157 (STEC O157), is key to rapidly identifying linked cases in the distributed food network to facilitate public health interventions. In this study, we used @entity5555 ( @entity5555 ) as a tool to inform national surveillance of STEC O157 in terms of identifying linked cases and clusters and guiding epidemiological investigation. METHODS:    We retrospectively analyzed 334 isolates randomly sampled from 1002 strains of STEC O157 received by the Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit at Public Health England, Colindale, in 2012. The genetic distance between each isolate, as estimated by @entity5555 , was calculated and phylogenetic methods were used to place strains in an evolutionary context. RESULTS:    Estimates of linked clusters representing STEC O157 outbreaks in England and Wales increased by 2-fold when @entity5555 was used instead of traditional typing techniques. The previously unidentified clusters were often widely geographically distributed and small in size. Phylogenetic analysis facilitated identification of temporally distinct cases sharing common exposures and delineating those that shared epidemiological and temporal links. Comparison with multi locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) showed that although MLVA is as sensitive as @entity5555 , @entity5555 provides a more timely resolution to outbreak clustering. CONCLUSIONS:    @entity5555 has come of age as a molecular typing tool to inform national surveillance of STEC O157; it can be used in real time to provide the highest strain-level resolution for outbreak investigation. @entity5555 allows linked cases to be identified with unprecedented specificity and sensitivity that will facilitate targeted and appropriate public health investigations.

title: Whole-Genome Sequencing for National Surveillance of Shiga Toxin-Producing XXXX O157.

entities_list: @entity5555 :: ('MESH:D042822', 'Disease') :: ['whole-genome sequencing', 'WGS']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired radioresistance has significantly compromised the efficacy of radiotherapy for @entity418 . The purpose of this study is to investigate the roles of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling pathway in the acquirement of radioresistance during the radiation treatment of @entity418 . METHODS: We previously established a radioresistant cell line ( @entity1 R) from the @entity1 cell line (a @entity1 cell line model for @entity1721 ) with a gradient cumulative irradiation dose. In this study, the expression of EMT phenotypes and the Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling pathway proteins were examined by real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence in the @entity1 R cells. The @entity1 R cells were then treated with a @entity3546 / @entity5907 inhibitor @entity15711 . The expressions of nuclear and cytoplasmic @entity3546 and EMT markers in @entity1 R cells were assessed at both mRNA and protein level after @entity15711 treatment. The radiosensitization effect of @entity15711 on KYSE-150R was evaluated by CCK8 analysis and a colony forming assay. DNA repair capacities was detected by the neutral comet assays. RESULTS: @entity1 R cell line displayed obvious radiation resistance and had a stable genetic ability. EMT phenotype was presented in the @entity1 R cells with decreased @entity5962 and increased snail and twist expressions. The up-regulated expressions of Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling pathway proteins ( @entity18142 , FZD1-4, @entity9459 , @entity3546 and @entity4910 ), the increased phosphorylation of @entity9459 , and the decreased phosphorylation of @entity3546 were observed in @entity1 R cells compared with @entity1 cells, implicating the activation of the Wnt pathway in @entity1 R cells. The expression of nuclear @entity3546 and nuclear translocation of @entity3546 from the cytoplasm was decreased after @entity15711 treatment. @entity15711 also reversed EMT phenotypes by increasing @entity5962 expression. The cell proliferation rates of KYSE-150R were dose-dependent and the radiation survival fraction was significantly decreased upon @entity15711 treatment. Neutral comet assays indicated that @entity15711 impairs DNA double stranded break repair in @entity1 R cells. CONCLUSIONS: Acquisition of radioresistance and EMT in @entity418 cells is associated with the activation of the Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway. EMT phenotypes can be reduced and the radiosensitivity of @entity418 cells can be enhanced by inhibiting the Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway with @entity15711 treatment.

title: @entity15711 increases the radiosensitivity and reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of radioresistant XXXX cell line KYSE-150R.

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired radioresistance has significantly compromised the efficacy of radiotherapy for @entity418 . The purpose of this study is to investigate the roles of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling pathway in the acquirement of radioresistance during the radiation treatment of @entity418 . METHODS: We previously established a radioresistant cell line ( @entity1 R) from the @entity1 cell line (a @entity1 cell line model for @entity1721 ) with a gradient cumulative irradiation dose. In this study, the expression of EMT phenotypes and the Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling pathway proteins were examined by real-time PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence in the @entity1 R cells. The @entity1 R cells were then treated with a @entity3546 / @entity5907 inhibitor @entity15711 . The expressions of nuclear and cytoplasmic @entity3546 and EMT markers in @entity1 R cells were assessed at both mRNA and protein level after @entity15711 treatment. The radiosensitization effect of @entity15711 on KYSE-150R was evaluated by CCK8 analysis and a colony forming assay. DNA repair capacities was detected by the neutral comet assays. RESULTS: @entity1 R cell line displayed obvious radiation resistance and had a stable genetic ability. EMT phenotype was presented in the @entity1 R cells with decreased @entity5962 and increased snail and twist expressions. The up-regulated expressions of Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling pathway proteins ( @entity18142 , FZD1-4, @entity9459 , @entity3546 and @entity4910 ), the increased phosphorylation of @entity9459 , and the decreased phosphorylation of @entity3546 were observed in @entity1 R cells compared with @entity1 cells, implicating the activation of the Wnt pathway in @entity1 R cells. The expression of nuclear @entity3546 and nuclear translocation of @entity3546 from the cytoplasm was decreased after @entity15711 treatment. @entity15711 also reversed EMT phenotypes by increasing @entity5962 expression. The cell proliferation rates of KYSE-150R were dose-dependent and the radiation survival fraction was significantly decreased upon @entity15711 treatment. Neutral comet assays indicated that @entity15711 impairs DNA double stranded break repair in @entity1 R cells. CONCLUSIONS: Acquisition of radioresistance and EMT in @entity418 cells is associated with the activation of the Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway. EMT phenotypes can be reduced and the radiosensitivity of @entity418 cells can be enhanced by inhibiting the Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway with @entity15711 treatment.

title: XXXX increases the radiosensitivity and reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of radioresistant @entity418 cell line KYSE-150R.

answer: @entity15711 :: (MESH:C575430,Chemical) :: ['FH535']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4236 ( @entity4236 ) is a rare @entity5 originating from olfactory epithelium. Here we retrospectively analyzed the long-term treatment outcomes and @entity137 of radiotherapy for @entity4236 @entity1 for whom computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional treatment planning was conducted to reappraise the role of radiotherapy in the light of recent advanced technology and chemotherapy. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity4236 treated between July 1992 and June 2013 were included. Three @entity1 were Kadish stage B and 14 were stage C. All @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy with or without surgery or chemotherapy. The radiation dose was distributed from 50 Gy to 66 Gy except for one @entity1 who received 40 Gy preoperatively. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 95 months (range 8-173 months). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were estimated at 88% and 74%, respectively. Five @entity1 with stage C disease had recurrence with the median time to recurrence of 59 months (range 7-115 months). Late adverse events equal to or above Grade 2 in CTCAE v4.03 were observed in three @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Multimodal therapy including radiotherapy with precise treatment planning based on CT simulation achieved an excellent local control rate with acceptable @entity137 and reasonable overall survival for @entity1 with @entity4236 .

title: @entity4236 : the long-term outcome and late XXXX of multimodal therapy including radiotherapy based on treatment planning using computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['ONB', 'Olfactory neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4236 ( @entity4236 ) is a rare @entity5 originating from olfactory epithelium. Here we retrospectively analyzed the long-term treatment outcomes and @entity137 of radiotherapy for @entity4236 @entity1 for whom computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional treatment planning was conducted to reappraise the role of radiotherapy in the light of recent advanced technology and chemotherapy. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity4236 treated between July 1992 and June 2013 were included. Three @entity1 were Kadish stage B and 14 were stage C. All @entity1 were treated with radiotherapy with or without surgery or chemotherapy. The radiation dose was distributed from 50 Gy to 66 Gy except for one @entity1 who received 40 Gy preoperatively. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 95 months (range 8-173 months). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were estimated at 88% and 74%, respectively. Five @entity1 with stage C disease had recurrence with the median time to recurrence of 59 months (range 7-115 months). Late adverse events equal to or above Grade 2 in CTCAE v4.03 were observed in three @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Multimodal therapy including radiotherapy with precise treatment planning based on CT simulation achieved an excellent local control rate with acceptable @entity137 and reasonable overall survival for @entity1 with @entity4236 .

title: XXXX : the long-term outcome and late @entity137 of multimodal therapy including radiotherapy based on treatment planning using computed tomography.

answer: @entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['Olfactory neuroblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine whether or not in @entity43 cell lines, free radicals (ROS) play a role in @entity900 @entity137 and activation of the mitochondrial and JNK/ @entity1435 pathways. The role of the enzyme, @entity53783 dehydrogenase ( @entity15337 ), in the activation/deactivation of this pathway and how this may be related to the development of resistance was also investigated. METHODS: Mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS analysis were performed by flow cytometry, P-JNK and P- @entity1435 by western blotting and mRNA by RT-PCR. @entity53783 dehydrogenase ( @entity15337 ) and @entity14688 knockdowns were prepared by standard techniques. RESULTS: @entity900 treatment of a cervical @entity5 cell line resulted in ROS production with mitochondrial membrane depolarization and phosphorylation of JNK and @entity1435 . @entity898 , a free radical scavenger, ameliorated these effects. Treatment of the sensitive cells with @entity5568 produced similar effects but at shorter incubation times. Similar results were observed with an ovarian cell line. Downregulation of @entity53783 dehydrogenase in the @entity900 -resistant cervical and @entity2 cell lines resulted in increased drug sensitivity with detectable production of ROS and activation of the JNK/ @entity1435 pathways; however, downregulation of @entity14688  in the cervical cells had minimal effect. CONCLUSION: @entity53783 dehydrogenase appears to play a role in @entity900 resistance in @entity43 cells which includes mitochondrial membrane depolarization, ROS production and activation of the JNK pathway. However, its mode of action cannot be mimicked by an ROS scavenger so its mechanism of action is more complex (a not unexpected finding considering its role in xenobiotic activation/countering oxidative stress).

title: XXXX resistance in human @entity43 cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['cervical, ovarian and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity53783 :: ('MESH:C507866', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydrodiol', 'dihydrodiol']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-cysteine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine whether or not in @entity43 cell lines, free radicals (ROS) play a role in @entity900 @entity137 and activation of the mitochondrial and JNK/ @entity1435 pathways. The role of the enzyme, @entity53783 dehydrogenase ( @entity15337 ), in the activation/deactivation of this pathway and how this may be related to the development of resistance was also investigated. METHODS: Mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS analysis were performed by flow cytometry, P-JNK and P- @entity1435 by western blotting and mRNA by RT-PCR. @entity53783 dehydrogenase ( @entity15337 ) and @entity14688 knockdowns were prepared by standard techniques. RESULTS: @entity900 treatment of a cervical @entity5 cell line resulted in ROS production with mitochondrial membrane depolarization and phosphorylation of JNK and @entity1435 . @entity898 , a free radical scavenger, ameliorated these effects. Treatment of the sensitive cells with @entity5568 produced similar effects but at shorter incubation times. Similar results were observed with an ovarian cell line. Downregulation of @entity53783 dehydrogenase in the @entity900 -resistant cervical and @entity2 cell lines resulted in increased drug sensitivity with detectable production of ROS and activation of the JNK/ @entity1435 pathways; however, downregulation of @entity14688  in the cervical cells had minimal effect. CONCLUSION: @entity53783 dehydrogenase appears to play a role in @entity900 resistance in @entity43 cells which includes mitochondrial membrane depolarization, ROS production and activation of the JNK pathway. However, its mode of action cannot be mimicked by an ROS scavenger so its mechanism of action is more complex (a not unexpected finding considering its role in xenobiotic activation/countering oxidative stress).

title: @entity900 resistance in human XXXX cells.

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['cervical, ovarian and lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone @entity5 presents a clinical challenge with limitations of current treatments. Many @entity1 seek additional therapies that may relieve @entity158 . Many external applications of traditional Chinese medicines (EAs-TCMs) have been evaluated in clinical trials, but fewer are known about them outside of China. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy for @entity3478 . METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in seven databases until December 2014 to identify @entity23 ( @entity23 ) about EAs-TCMs in the treatment of @entity3478 . The primary outcome was @entity158 relief rate. The secondary outcomes were adverse events at the end of treatment course. The methodological quality of @entity23 was assessed independently using six-item criteria according to the Cochrane Collaboration. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.2.0. We included any @entity23 evaluating an EA-TCM for the treatment of @entity3478 . We conducted a meta-analysis. RESULTS: We included six @entity23 with 534 @entity1 . In general, the reporting of methodological issues was poor. Compared with @entity1286 sustained release tablets (MSSRTs) or radiotherapy or @entity171 , we analyzed data from five trials reporting on complete response effect score (relative risk (RR)   =   5.38, 95  % confidence interval (CI)   =   2.80-10.31, P   <   0.00001) and partial response (RR   =   1.18, 95  % CI   =   1.02-1.37, P   =   0.02) and six trials reporting on @entity158 relief rate (RR   =   1.49, 95  % CI   =   1.43-1.67, P   <   0.00001). Six @entity23 showed significant effects of EA-TCM for improving @entity158 relief in @entity1 with @entity3478 . In addition, no severe adverse events were found. CONCLUSION: This systematic review showed positive but weak evidence of EA-TCM for @entity3478 because of the poor methodological quality and the small quantity of the included trials. Future rigorously designed @entity23 are required.

title: External application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'total pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone cancer pain']


abstract: Most @entity5 rely on aerobic glycolysis to generate energy and metabolic intermediates. To maintain a high glycolytic rate, cells must efficiently export @entity880 through the proton-coupled @entity3338 transporters ( @entity72157 ). These transporters require a chaperone, @entity34403 (BSG) for trafficking to the plasma membrane and function.To validate the key role of these transporters in @entity2 , we first analysed the expression of @entity72157 and BSG in 50 @entity1149 (NSCLC) cases. These proteins were specifically upregulated in @entity5 tissues. We then disrupted BSG in three NSCLC cell lines (A549, H1975 and H292) via 'Zinc-Finger Nucleases'. The three homozygous BSG-/- cell lines displayed a low MCT activity (10- to 5-fold reduction, for @entity34742 and @entity71808 , respectively) compared to wild-type cells. Consequently, the rate of glycolysis, compared to the wild-type counterpart, was reduced by 2.0- to 3.5-fold, whereas the rate of respiration was stimulated in BSG-/- cell lines. Both wild-type and BSG-null cells were extremely sensitive to the mitochondria inhibitor @entity2449 / @entity18706 in normoxia. However, only BSG-null cells, independently of their @entity2448 status, remained sensitive to @entity37005 in @entity519 in vitro and @entity5 growth in @entity19 . Our results demonstrate that inhibiting glycolysis by targeting @entity880 export sensitizes NSCLC to @entity18706 .

title: Disruption of @entity34403 decreases @entity880 export and sensitizes XXXX to biguanides independently of the @entity2448 status.

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity37005 :: ('MESH:D001645', 'Chemical') :: ['biguanides']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylate']

entities_list: @entity18706 :: ('MESH:D010629', 'Chemical') :: ['phenformin']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Most @entity5 rely on aerobic glycolysis to generate energy and metabolic intermediates. To maintain a high glycolytic rate, cells must efficiently export @entity880 through the proton-coupled @entity3338 transporters ( @entity72157 ). These transporters require a chaperone, @entity34403 (BSG) for trafficking to the plasma membrane and function.To validate the key role of these transporters in @entity2 , we first analysed the expression of @entity72157 and BSG in 50 @entity1149 (NSCLC) cases. These proteins were specifically upregulated in @entity5 tissues. We then disrupted BSG in three NSCLC cell lines (A549, H1975 and H292) via 'Zinc-Finger Nucleases'. The three homozygous BSG-/- cell lines displayed a low MCT activity (10- to 5-fold reduction, for @entity34742 and @entity71808 , respectively) compared to wild-type cells. Consequently, the rate of glycolysis, compared to the wild-type counterpart, was reduced by 2.0- to 3.5-fold, whereas the rate of respiration was stimulated in BSG-/- cell lines. Both wild-type and BSG-null cells were extremely sensitive to the mitochondria inhibitor @entity2449 / @entity18706 in normoxia. However, only BSG-null cells, independently of their @entity2448 status, remained sensitive to @entity37005 in @entity519 in vitro and @entity5 growth in @entity19 . Our results demonstrate that inhibiting glycolysis by targeting @entity880 export sensitizes NSCLC to @entity18706 .

title: Disruption of @entity34403 decreases @entity880 export and sensitizes @entity1149 to biguanides independently of the XXXX status.

answer: @entity2448 :: (20869(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['LKB1']