abstract: Three cases of @entity438 associated with @entity884 are reported. All of the @entity1 were successfully treated by various combinations of cardiac surgery, neurosurgery and chemotherapy with antibiotics. Case 1: A 39-year-old female was admitted with the complaint of sudden onset of severe @entity10 following persistent @entity221 of @entity21628 's duration. CT scan revealed a left frontal old @entity1410 and angiography detected an @entity439 located in the frontal ascending branch of the left middle cerebral artery. After 2 weeks' antibiotic therapy, the second angiography showed the @entity439 to be decreased in size. The third angiography, performed 2 weeks after @entity299 for @entity884 , demonstrated complete resolution of the @entity439 . Case 2: A 19-year-old male entered hospital with high @entity221 and chills. In addition to @entity884 , CT scan and angiography revealed an @entity439 arising from the distal portion of the left posterior cerebral artery. The @entity1 was treated with high dose antibiotics and then his general condition improved. However, angiography examined 4 weeks after the initial study demonstrated the @entity439 to be apparently enlarged. Therefore, the @entity439 was excised before cardiac surgery. Repeated angiography after valve replacement showed no further @entity439 . Case 3: A 30-year-old female was admitted on the diagnosis of @entity884 and @entity693 . CT scan showed abnormal density areas in the right frontal lobe and the left temporal lobe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Bacterial XXXX associated with infectious endocarditis--report of 3 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity21628 :: ('MESH:C536711', 'Disease') :: ['several month']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: The case is reported of a sixty-four-year-old @entity1 with DeBakey type I aortic dissection in whom postoperative extensive intra-aortic balloon pumping was applied. Surgical repair involved replacing the ascending aorta with a Medtronic Hall valved conduit. After surgery severe @entity998 occurred. Despite the use of high-dose inotropic drugs the @entity1 could not be hemodynamically stabilized. An intra-aortic balloon pump was finally applied as a therapeutical last resort. Within three days, under counterpulsation, the @entity1 reached a stable hemodynamic condition. After twenty-one days in the intensive care unit, he could be transferred to a normal ward. The @entity1 was discharged on the fifty-fourth postoperative day. During counterpulsation there were no balloon- or catheter-induced complications. Follow-up at five months showed the @entity1 in good general health: echocardiography did not identify any lesions of the thoracic aorta which could be linked to counter-pulsation. It is concluded that the postoperative use of intra-aortic balloon pump in the event of DeBakey type I dissecting @entity439 of the aorta, and adversely affected @entity1 hemodynamics, is a justifiable therapeutical alternative.

title: The use of intra-aortic balloon pump after surgical treatment of DeBakey type I dissecting XXXX of the aorta.

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low-output syndrome']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of evacuation of spontaneous @entity548 with double targets-single channel and multiaxial stereotaxis. Methods: Thirty-four @entity1 with @entity1779 , who underwent @entity1410 evacuation with the method of double targets-single channel between January 2014 and November 2014 in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were included in the study. We classified the @entity1410 into four types based on the principle of double targets-single channel calculation method (DTSC). And the appropriate stereotactic surgery path and operation opportunity were designed individually according to the @entity1410 volume and mass effect. Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity548 who underwent @entity1410 evacuation with the method of single targets-single channel between January 2013 and November 2014 were selected as single target group. Results: Volumes of initial @entity1410 in DTSC and single target groups were(38.6  19.2)mL and(40.1  18.1)mL, respectively. Initial Glasgow @entity772 Scale were 9.6  3.2 (3~15) and 9.1  2.9(3~13) (all P >0.05). Residual volume of @entity1410 and clearance ratio were (11.1  4.2) mL and(73.1  5.4)% in DTSC group and (18.5  5.3) mL and(55.1  5.1)% in single target group by CT scan 24 h after operation(all P <0.05). There was no significant difference in Glasgow Outcome Scale between two groups in one-month follow-up. Average length of postoperative stay of two groups were(12.6  9.8)d and (14.2  7.1)d, respectively.Conclusion: Evacuation of spontaneous supratentorial @entity1779 with DTSC and multi-axial stereotaxis can increase clearance ratio remarkably and decrease average length of stay.

title: [Evacuation of spontaneous supratentorial XXXX with double targets-single channel and multiaxial stereotaxis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['supratentorial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage', 'intracerebral hematoma']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hematoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pathology driving b-cell loss in @entity6 is poorly defined. Chronic subclinical @entity32 is associated with b-cell dysfunction. Acute in vitro exposure of islets and b-cells to an inflammatory cytokine cocktail ( @entity635 / @entity637 /IFN-y) results in loss of cell function and viability. The contribution of each cytokine alone or in combination has been evaluated in homogeneous @entity19 b-cell lines and primary @entity19 islets. Cytokine cooperation is required for b-cell apoptosis with the most potent combinations including @entity635 . Single cytokine exposure did not induce b-cell apoptosis. Expression of endogenous interleukin-12 in b-cells correlated with inflammatory cytokine combinations that induced b-cell apoptosis. Uncoupling of the IL-12 @entity2270 by a block of IL-12 production, inhibition of IL-12 receptor/ligand interaction or disruption of IL-12 receptor signaling conferred protection to b-cells from apoptosis induced by inflammatory cytokine stimulation. Signaling through @entity17843 is indicated since disruption of IL-12 concomitantly reduced inflammatory cytokine stimulation of endogenous IFN-y expression. Primary @entity19 islets isolated from @entity19 deficient in @entity17843 show resistance to inflammatory-cytokine-induced cell death when compared to islets isolated from wild type @entity19 . Collectively, the data identify IL-12 as an important mediator of @entity32 induced b-cell apoptosis. Modulation of IL-12/ @entity17843 signaling may be a valuable therapeutic strategy to preserve islet/b-cell viability in established @entity6 .

title: Interleukin-12 (IL-12)/ XXXX Axis Is an Important Element for b-Cell Dysfunction Induced by Inflammatory Cytokines.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity17843 :: (20849(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['STAT4']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 receiving @entity5 -related thoracotomy are highly symptomatic in the first weeks after surgery. This study examined whether at-home symptom monitoring plus feedback to clinicians about severe symptoms contributes to more effective postoperative symptom control. @entity1 AND METHODS: We enrolled 100 @entity1 receiving thoracotomy for @entity2 or lung metastasis in a two-arm randomized controlled trial; 79 @entity1 completed the study. After hospital discharge, @entity1 rated symptoms twice weekly for 4 weeks via automated telephone calls. For intervention group @entity1 , an e-mail alert was forwarded to the @entity1 's clinical team for response if any of a @entity1109 ( @entity158 , disturbed sleep, distress, @entity1353 , or @entity1142 ) reached a predetermined severity threshold. No alerts were generated for controls. Group differences in symptom threshold events were examined by generalized estimating equation modeling. RESULTS: The intervention group experienced greater reduction in symptom threshold events than did controls (19% @entity62315 , respectively) and a more rapid decline in symptom threshold events. The difference in average reduction in symptom interference between groups was -0.36 (SE, 0.078; P = .02). Clinicians responded to 84% of e-mail alerts. Both groups reported equally high satisfaction with the automated system and with postoperative symptom control. CONCLUSION: Frequent symptom monitoring with alerts to clinicians when symptoms became moderate or severe reduced symptom severity during the 4 weeks after thoracic surgery. Methods of automated symptom monitoring and triage may improve symptom control after major @entity5 surgery. These results should be confirmed in a larger study.

title: Automated symptom alerts reduce postoperative symptom severity after XXXX surgery: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['subset of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To gain further insight into a possible role of biomechanical cues in @entity726 , the authors assessed the influence of extracellular matrix (ECM) elasticity on @entity6474 -induced changes in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS: @entity1 TM cells derived from donor cornea rings were plated on rigid collagen-coated tissue culture plastic or @entity2975 gels of different elasticity and treated with vehicle or @entity6474 . Activation of @entity14877 , @entity3963 , and AKT signaling and expression of @entity1970 and @entity2289 proteins were assessed by Western blot analysis. Subcellular localization of @entity1970 was determined by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Transcription of collagen-I, -IV, and -VI, @entity1970 , @entity2289 , fibronectin, @entity6099 , cochlin, and MGP-1 was studied by RT-qPCR. The contribution of non-Smad signaling pathways to @entity2533 -induced @entity1970 and @entity2289 expression was assessed using the small molecule inhibitors @entity5732 and @entity2306 . RESULTS: @entity6474 -induced activation of @entity14877 , @entity3963 , and AKT signaling as well as expression of collagen-1, @entity1970 , fibulin, and MGP-1 were attenuated with increasing elasticity. In contrast, @entity6474 -induced collagen-6, fibronectin, @entity2289 , and cochlin expression were enhanced on elastic substrates. The MEK-inhibitor @entity5732 blocked @entity2533 -induced @entity2289 expression, whereas @entity1970 expression was enhanced. @entity10412 inhibition with @entity2306 reduced @entity1970 expression. CONCLUSIONS: ECM elasticity modulates @entity2533 -induced signaling and protein expression in @entity1 TM cells. Non-Smad signaling contributes to @entity2533 -induced alterations. Increasing ECM elasticity in vitro promotes protein expression patterns reminiscent of patterns reported in primary @entity1538 . Therefore, changes in TM elasticity and mechanical load may have a significant role in primary @entity1538 .

title: Elasticity-dependent modulation of XXXX responses in @entity1 trabecular meshwork cells.

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-b']


abstract: PURPOSE: To gain further insight into a possible role of biomechanical cues in @entity726 , the authors assessed the influence of extracellular matrix (ECM) elasticity on @entity6474 -induced changes in trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS: @entity1 TM cells derived from donor cornea rings were plated on rigid collagen-coated tissue culture plastic or @entity2975 gels of different elasticity and treated with vehicle or @entity6474 . Activation of @entity14877 , @entity3963 , and AKT signaling and expression of @entity1970 and @entity2289 proteins were assessed by Western blot analysis. Subcellular localization of @entity1970 was determined by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Transcription of collagen-I, -IV, and -VI, @entity1970 , @entity2289 , fibronectin, @entity6099 , cochlin, and MGP-1 was studied by RT-qPCR. The contribution of non-Smad signaling pathways to @entity2533 -induced @entity1970 and @entity2289 expression was assessed using the small molecule inhibitors @entity5732 and @entity2306 . RESULTS: @entity6474 -induced activation of @entity14877 , @entity3963 , and AKT signaling as well as expression of collagen-1, @entity1970 , fibulin, and MGP-1 were attenuated with increasing elasticity. In contrast, @entity6474 -induced collagen-6, fibronectin, @entity2289 , and cochlin expression were enhanced on elastic substrates. The MEK-inhibitor @entity5732 blocked @entity2533 -induced @entity2289 expression, whereas @entity1970 expression was enhanced. @entity10412 inhibition with @entity2306 reduced @entity1970 expression. CONCLUSIONS: ECM elasticity modulates @entity2533 -induced signaling and protein expression in @entity1 TM cells. Non-Smad signaling contributes to @entity2533 -induced alterations. Increasing ECM elasticity in vitro promotes protein expression patterns reminiscent of patterns reported in primary @entity1538 . Therefore, changes in TM elasticity and mechanical load may have a significant role in primary @entity1538 .

title: Elasticity-dependent modulation of @entity2533 responses in XXXX trabecular meshwork cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Increased immunoreactivity (IR) of beta-amyloid and the amyloid-associated proteins tau and @entity477 ( @entity477 ) in the brain have been linked to the pathogenesis of @entity179 such as @entity195 . However, the expression of these proteins has not been investigated in the normal or diseased @entity1 retina. METHODS: Using immunohistochemical techniques, we examined the distribution and age-related changes of anti-tau-1, anti-tau-2, anti- @entity477 , and anti-beta-amyloid IR in the @entity1 retina at various ages (n = 24), in @entity6391 ( @entity6391 , n = 6), and in @entity1020 ( @entity1020 , n = 10). RESULTS: Tau-1 immunoreactivity was intense in the inner retinal layers and did not change with age or in @entity6391 . Eyes with @entity1020 showed less intense staining but exhibited a similar distribution. Tau-2 IR was faint and did not change with age but was mildly increased in the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) of eyes with @entity6391 with @entity1020 . @entity477 IR was most prominent in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layer, and it appeared to increase in ganglion cells of older @entity1 and in @entity989 cells of eyes with @entity6391 and @entity1020 . Beta-amyloid IR was only detected focally in sub- @entity989 deposits in eyes from older @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The proteins investigated in this study are present in the @entity1 retina. The staining pattern of tau is different from the brain, but it shows no age-related changes. The increased immunoreactivity of @entity477 in @entity989 and in @entity989 cells of eyes with @entity6391 and @entity1020 , as well as the patchy staining of beta-amyloid within sub- @entity989 deposits, might indicate a relationship of these proteins to retinal aging and possibly to @entity2000 in @entity6391 .

title: Immunoreactivity against tau, XXXX , and beta-amyloid in the @entity1 retina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'retinal ganglion cells of older eyes', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP and in the retina of eyes', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['APP', 'amyloid precursor protein']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['age-related macular degeneration', 'ARMD']

answer: @entity477 :: (351,Gene) :: ['amyloid precursor protein']


abstract: PURPOSE: Increased immunoreactivity (IR) of beta-amyloid and the amyloid-associated proteins tau and @entity477 ( @entity477 ) in the brain have been linked to the pathogenesis of @entity179 such as @entity195 . However, the expression of these proteins has not been investigated in the normal or diseased @entity1 retina. METHODS: Using immunohistochemical techniques, we examined the distribution and age-related changes of anti-tau-1, anti-tau-2, anti- @entity477 , and anti-beta-amyloid IR in the @entity1 retina at various ages (n = 24), in @entity6391 ( @entity6391 , n = 6), and in @entity1020 ( @entity1020 , n = 10). RESULTS: Tau-1 immunoreactivity was intense in the inner retinal layers and did not change with age or in @entity6391 . Eyes with @entity1020 showed less intense staining but exhibited a similar distribution. Tau-2 IR was faint and did not change with age but was mildly increased in the @entity989 ( @entity989 ) of eyes with @entity6391 with @entity1020 . @entity477 IR was most prominent in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layer, and it appeared to increase in ganglion cells of older @entity1 and in @entity989 cells of eyes with @entity6391 and @entity1020 . Beta-amyloid IR was only detected focally in sub- @entity989 deposits in eyes from older @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The proteins investigated in this study are present in the @entity1 retina. The staining pattern of tau is different from the brain, but it shows no age-related changes. The increased immunoreactivity of @entity477 in @entity989 and in @entity989 cells of eyes with @entity6391 and @entity1020 , as well as the patchy staining of beta-amyloid within sub- @entity989 deposits, might indicate a relationship of these proteins to retinal aging and possibly to @entity2000 in @entity6391 .

title: Immunoreactivity against tau, @entity477 , and beta-amyloid in the XXXX retina.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 2 million cases of @entity1489 are diagnosed annually in the United States, and @entity320 incidence is increasing. PURPOSE: To assist the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force in updating its 2003 recommendation on behavioral counseling to prevent @entity1489 . DATA SOURCES: Existing systematic reviews, database searches through February 2010, and outside experts. STUDY SELECTION: English-language, primary care-relevant counseling trials to promote sun-protective behaviors and studies examining the association between sun-protective behaviors and @entity1489 outcomes or potential adverse effects were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Each study was appraised by using design-specific quality criteria. Important study details were abstracted into evidence tables. DATA SYNTHESIS: 11 fair- or good-quality, randomized, controlled trials examined the counseling interventions' effect on sun-protective behaviors. In young @entity1 , appearance-focused behavioral interventions decrease indoor tanning and ultraviolet exposure. In young adolescents, computer support can decrease midday sun exposure and increase sunscreen use. Thirty-five mainly fair-quality observational studies examined the relationship between ultraviolet exposure or sunscreen use and @entity1489 . Increasing intermittent sun exposure in childhood is associated with an increased risk for @entity957 , @entity1491 , and @entity320 . Evidence suggests that regular or early use of indoor tanning may increase @entity320 risk. On the basis of 1 fair-quality trial, regular sunscreen use can prevent @entity957 , but it is yet unclear if it can prevent @entity1491 or @entity320 . LIMITATIONS: There are limited rigorous counseling trials. Observational studies are limited by the complexity of measuring ultraviolet exposure and sunscreen use, and inadequate adjustment for important confounders. CONCLUSION: Randomized, controlled trials suggest that primary care-relevant counseling can increase sun-protective behaviors and decrease indoor tanning.

title: Behavioral counseling to prevent XXXX : a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to be a small stem cell-like cell population which appears to drive tumorigenesis, @entity5 recurrence and @entity3 . Thus, identification and characterization of CSCs may be critical to defining effective anticancer therapies. In @entity263 ( @entity263 ), the @entity1759 (+) cell population appears to have stem cell-like properties including being tumorigenic. The enzyme @entity264 dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been found to identify hematopoietic stem cells and our aim was to determine the utility of ALDH activity and @entity1759 in identifying @entity263 stem cell-like cells in @entity263 cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LNCaP cells and PC-3 cells were sorted based on their expression of @entity1759 and ALDH activity. The cell populations were investigated using colony-forming assays, invasion assays, sphere formation experiments in a non-adherent environment and 3-D Matrigel matrix culture to observe the in vitro stem-cell like properties. Different sorted cell populations were injected subcutaneously into NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 to determine the corresponding tumorigenic capacities. RESULTS: ALDH(hi) @entity1759 (+) cells exhibit a higher proliferative, clonogenic and metastatic capacity in vitro and demonstrate higher tumorigenicity capacity in vivo than did ALDH(lo) @entity1759 (-) cells. The @entity5 recapitulated the population of the original cell line. However, ALDHlo @entity1759 (-) cells were able to develop @entity5 , albeit with longer latency periods. CONCLUSION: ALDH activity and @entity1759 do not appear to identify @entity263 stem cells; however, they do indicate increased tumorigenic and metastatic potential, indicating their potential importance for further exploration.

title: ALDH activity indicates increased tumorigenic cells, but not @entity5 stem cells, in XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been shown to be a small stem cell-like cell population which appears to drive tumorigenesis, @entity5 recurrence and @entity3 . Thus, identification and characterization of CSCs may be critical to defining effective anticancer therapies. In @entity263 ( @entity263 ), the @entity1759 (+) cell population appears to have stem cell-like properties including being tumorigenic. The enzyme @entity264 dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been found to identify hematopoietic stem cells and our aim was to determine the utility of ALDH activity and @entity1759 in identifying @entity263 stem cell-like cells in @entity263 cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LNCaP cells and PC-3 cells were sorted based on their expression of @entity1759 and ALDH activity. The cell populations were investigated using colony-forming assays, invasion assays, sphere formation experiments in a non-adherent environment and 3-D Matrigel matrix culture to observe the in vitro stem-cell like properties. Different sorted cell populations were injected subcutaneously into NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 to determine the corresponding tumorigenic capacities. RESULTS: ALDH(hi) @entity1759 (+) cells exhibit a higher proliferative, clonogenic and metastatic capacity in vitro and demonstrate higher tumorigenicity capacity in vivo than did ALDH(lo) @entity1759 (-) cells. The @entity5 recapitulated the population of the original cell line. However, ALDHlo @entity1759 (-) cells were able to develop @entity5 , albeit with longer latency periods. CONCLUSION: ALDH activity and @entity1759 do not appear to identify @entity263 stem cells; however, they do indicate increased tumorigenic and metastatic potential, indicating their potential importance for further exploration.

title: ALDH activity indicates increased tumorigenic cells, but not XXXX stem cells, in @entity263 cell lines.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term follow-up results of @entity1 with branch duct @entity4929 (BD-IPMNs) without mural nodules (MNs) at 10 representative institutions in Japan. METHODS: We analyzed 349 follow-up BD-IPMN @entity1 who had no MNs on endoscopic ultrasonography at initial diagnosis. RESULTS: Observation periods ranged from 1 to 16.3 years (median, 3.7 years). Sixty-two (17.8%) @entity1 exhibited disease progression during follow-up. Twenty-two underwent surgery, leading to a pathological diagnosis of @entity189 in 9 and @entity652 in 13. Although the remaining 287 (82.2%) showed no changes, 7 underwent surgery because of symptoms (n = 2), choice (n = 2), or development of @entity1124 (n = 3); all of them were diagnosed pathologically as @entity652 . Of the 29 @entity1 undergoing surgery, all 9 with @entity189 exhibited signs of progression, such as increased main pancreatic duct diameter and/or appearance of MNs. @entity1124 and additional BD-IPMNs developed in 7 (2.0%) and 13 (3.7%), respectively. Overall, 320 (91.7%) @entity1 were followed without surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Most BD-IPMN @entity1 who had no MNs on endoscopic ultrasonography could be managed without surgery. However, careful attention should be paid to disease progression and the development of @entity1124 during follow-up.

title: Natural history of branch duct XXXX of the pancreas: a multicenter study in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas', 'Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']


abstract: Both a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and @entity633 are known risk factors for @entity454 ( @entity454 ). To determine their joint contribution to @entity454 and other kidney outcomes, we performed a meta-analysis of nine general population cohorts with 845,125 @entity1 and an additional eight cohorts with 173,892 @entity1 , the latter selected because of their high risk for @entity740 ( @entity740 ). In the general population, the risk for @entity454 was unrelated to eGFR at values between 75 and 105 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) but increased exponentially at lower levels. Hazard ratios for eGFRs averaging 60, 45, and 15 were 4, 29, and 454, respectively, compared with an eGFR of 95, after adjustment for @entity633 and cardiovascular risk factors. Log @entity633 was linearly associated with log @entity454 risk without thresholds. Adjusted hazard ratios at albumin-to- @entity1011 ratios of 30, 300, and 1000 mg/g were 5, 13, and 28, respectively, compared with an albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio of 5. @entity633 and eGFR were associated with @entity454 , without evidence for multiplicative interaction. Similar associations were found for @entity810 and progressive @entity740 . In high-risk cohorts, the findings were generally comparable. Thus, lower eGFR and higher @entity633 are risk factors for @entity454 , @entity810 and progressive @entity740 in both general and high-risk populations, independent of each other and of cardiovascular risk factors.

title: Lower estimated GFR and higher XXXX are associated with adverse kidney outcomes. A collaborative meta-analysis of general and high-risk population cohorts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: @entity1 @entity28 is frequently associated with elevated plasma @entity412 and @entity165 concentrations and reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , abnormalities that commonly revert to normal levels with @entity353 . This study was undertaken to examine possible mechanism(s) associated with the changes in plasma HDL @entity165 concentrations in massively @entity28 @entity1 after @entity353 . Ten massively @entity28 @entity1 (two @entity1 and eight @entity1 , age = 37.8 +/- 2.4 years) were studied before, during, and after 1 year of @entity353 and weight maintenance following gastric stapling. Total @entity165 and low density lipoprotein @entity165 were within the normal range for sex and age before @entity353 and did not change significantly during or after @entity353 . In the females, HDL @entity165 concentrations increased from 0.96 +/- 0.06 mmol/L to 1.23 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (mean +/- SEM, n = 8, P less than .05) with @entity353 . In the two @entity1 , plasma HDL @entity165 concentrations were, respectively, 1.22 and 0.65 mmol/L before and 1.23 and 0.98 mmol/L after @entity353 . Specific binding of 125I- @entity9477 and 125I- @entity9478 to purified plasma membranes was determined using abdominal and omental fat depot before and after @entity353 in six of the ten @entity28 @entity1 . An average reduction of 30% to 40% in 125I- @entity9477 and 125I- @entity9478 binding capacity to these membranes occurred after @entity353 . Furthermore, a positive correlation (r = .65, n = 10, P less than .05) was observed between plasma HDL @entity165 and @entity412 concentrations before @entity353 but not after @entity353 (r = .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Weight loss in massive XXXX : reciprocal changes in plasma HDL @entity165 and HDL binding to @entity1 adipocyte plasma membranes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity1 @entity28 is frequently associated with elevated plasma @entity412 and @entity165 concentrations and reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , abnormalities that commonly revert to normal levels with @entity353 . This study was undertaken to examine possible mechanism(s) associated with the changes in plasma HDL @entity165 concentrations in massively @entity28 @entity1 after @entity353 . Ten massively @entity28 @entity1 (two @entity1 and eight @entity1 , age = 37.8 +/- 2.4 years) were studied before, during, and after 1 year of @entity353 and weight maintenance following gastric stapling. Total @entity165 and low density lipoprotein @entity165 were within the normal range for sex and age before @entity353 and did not change significantly during or after @entity353 . In the females, HDL @entity165 concentrations increased from 0.96 +/- 0.06 mmol/L to 1.23 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (mean +/- SEM, n = 8, P less than .05) with @entity353 . In the two @entity1 , plasma HDL @entity165 concentrations were, respectively, 1.22 and 0.65 mmol/L before and 1.23 and 0.98 mmol/L after @entity353 . Specific binding of 125I- @entity9477 and 125I- @entity9478 to purified plasma membranes was determined using abdominal and omental fat depot before and after @entity353 in six of the ten @entity28 @entity1 . An average reduction of 30% to 40% in 125I- @entity9477 and 125I- @entity9478 binding capacity to these membranes occurred after @entity353 . Furthermore, a positive correlation (r = .65, n = 10, P less than .05) was observed between plasma HDL @entity165 and @entity412 concentrations before @entity353 but not after @entity353 (r = .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Weight loss in massive @entity28 : reciprocal changes in plasma HDL XXXX and HDL binding to @entity1 adipocyte plasma membranes.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: @entity1 @entity28 is frequently associated with elevated plasma @entity412 and @entity165 concentrations and reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , abnormalities that commonly revert to normal levels with @entity353 . This study was undertaken to examine possible mechanism(s) associated with the changes in plasma HDL @entity165 concentrations in massively @entity28 @entity1 after @entity353 . Ten massively @entity28 @entity1 (two @entity1 and eight @entity1 , age = 37.8 +/- 2.4 years) were studied before, during, and after 1 year of @entity353 and weight maintenance following gastric stapling. Total @entity165 and low density lipoprotein @entity165 were within the normal range for sex and age before @entity353 and did not change significantly during or after @entity353 . In the females, HDL @entity165 concentrations increased from 0.96 +/- 0.06 mmol/L to 1.23 +/- 0.3 mmol/L (mean +/- SEM, n = 8, P less than .05) with @entity353 . In the two @entity1 , plasma HDL @entity165 concentrations were, respectively, 1.22 and 0.65 mmol/L before and 1.23 and 0.98 mmol/L after @entity353 . Specific binding of 125I- @entity9477 and 125I- @entity9478 to purified plasma membranes was determined using abdominal and omental fat depot before and after @entity353 in six of the ten @entity28 @entity1 . An average reduction of 30% to 40% in 125I- @entity9477 and 125I- @entity9478 binding capacity to these membranes occurred after @entity353 . Furthermore, a positive correlation (r = .65, n = 10, P less than .05) was observed between plasma HDL @entity165 and @entity412 concentrations before @entity353 but not after @entity353 (r = .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Weight loss in massive @entity28 : reciprocal changes in plasma HDL @entity165 and HDL binding to XXXX adipocyte plasma membranes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity with its associated medical, psychological, social, and economic complications is considered a chronic, @entity74 . Given the magnitude of the challenge @entity28 , there is a clear need for preventive as well as therapeutic measures and strategies on an individual and a public health level. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this health technology assessment (HTA)-report is to summarise the current literature on bariatric surgery, to evaluate their medical effectiveness/efficacy and cost-effectiveness as well as the ethical, social and legal implications of these procedures in comparison to conventional therapies and compared to each other. METHODS: Relevant publications are identified by means of a structured search of databases accessed on 13.11.2006 and an update conducted on 12.11.2007. In addition, a manual search of identified reference lists is conducted. The present report includes German and English literature published since 2001 and targeting adult subjects with morbid @entity28 (body mass index (BMI) >=40 kg/m   or BMI >=35 kg/m   with severe comorbidities). The methodological quality of studies included is assessed according to pre-defined quality criteria by two independent scientists. RESULTS: Among 5910 retrieved publications, 25 medical articles, as well as seven health economic studies meet the inclusion criteria. The medical studies show a superior @entity353 following bariatric surgery compared to conventional therapy. Malabsorptive procedures lead to a more profound @entity353 than purely restrictive procedures. Weight reduction in general is accompanied by a reduced frequency of comorbidities (mostly @entity2175 ). The evidence is not sufficient to quantify these effects for individual procedures or to assess long-term outcomes. However, recent studies show a profound survival benefit for surgically treated @entity1 up to a period of eleven years. The economic studies illustrate that bariatric surgery is cost-effective compared to no treatment or conservative treatment. The comparison between surgical therapies does not allow to draw any conclusions on cost-effectiveness. Appropriate studies/surveys, which are concerned with ethical, legal and social aspects, are not available. DISCUSSION: Concerning clinical outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness, there is a lack of high quality studies. Clinical effectiveness and safety as well as cost-effectiveness of bariatric procedures in the short- and medium-term course are agreed on, but long-term evaluations that focus not exclusively on @entity353 , but also on comorbidities and @entity1 relevant outcomes such as quality of life, are needed. Also within the economic views are missing long-term evaluation particularly for the German health care system. CONCLUSION: Based upon the available literature the short- and medium-term effectiveness of bariatric procedures on @entity353 , comorbidities, e. g. @entity6 , and mortality can be assumed and also seems to be cost-effective. No recommendation can be given with respect to the choice of a certain bariatric procedure or to the selection of particular groups of @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of medical and health economic effectiveness of bariatric surgery ( XXXX surgery) versus conservative strategies in adult @entity1 with morbid @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 2']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disorder']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity with its associated medical, psychological, social, and economic complications is considered a chronic, @entity74 . Given the magnitude of the challenge @entity28 , there is a clear need for preventive as well as therapeutic measures and strategies on an individual and a public health level. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this health technology assessment (HTA)-report is to summarise the current literature on bariatric surgery, to evaluate their medical effectiveness/efficacy and cost-effectiveness as well as the ethical, social and legal implications of these procedures in comparison to conventional therapies and compared to each other. METHODS: Relevant publications are identified by means of a structured search of databases accessed on 13.11.2006 and an update conducted on 12.11.2007. In addition, a manual search of identified reference lists is conducted. The present report includes German and English literature published since 2001 and targeting adult subjects with morbid @entity28 (body mass index (BMI) >=40 kg/m   or BMI >=35 kg/m   with severe comorbidities). The methodological quality of studies included is assessed according to pre-defined quality criteria by two independent scientists. RESULTS: Among 5910 retrieved publications, 25 medical articles, as well as seven health economic studies meet the inclusion criteria. The medical studies show a superior @entity353 following bariatric surgery compared to conventional therapy. Malabsorptive procedures lead to a more profound @entity353 than purely restrictive procedures. Weight reduction in general is accompanied by a reduced frequency of comorbidities (mostly @entity2175 ). The evidence is not sufficient to quantify these effects for individual procedures or to assess long-term outcomes. However, recent studies show a profound survival benefit for surgically treated @entity1 up to a period of eleven years. The economic studies illustrate that bariatric surgery is cost-effective compared to no treatment or conservative treatment. The comparison between surgical therapies does not allow to draw any conclusions on cost-effectiveness. Appropriate studies/surveys, which are concerned with ethical, legal and social aspects, are not available. DISCUSSION: Concerning clinical outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness, there is a lack of high quality studies. Clinical effectiveness and safety as well as cost-effectiveness of bariatric procedures in the short- and medium-term course are agreed on, but long-term evaluations that focus not exclusively on @entity353 , but also on comorbidities and @entity1 relevant outcomes such as quality of life, are needed. Also within the economic views are missing long-term evaluation particularly for the German health care system. CONCLUSION: Based upon the available literature the short- and medium-term effectiveness of bariatric procedures on @entity353 , comorbidities, e. g. @entity6 , and mortality can be assumed and also seems to be cost-effective. No recommendation can be given with respect to the choice of a certain bariatric procedure or to the selection of particular groups of @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of medical and health economic effectiveness of bariatric surgery ( @entity28 surgery) versus conservative strategies in adult @entity1 with morbid XXXX .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity with its associated medical, psychological, social, and economic complications is considered a chronic, @entity74 . Given the magnitude of the challenge @entity28 , there is a clear need for preventive as well as therapeutic measures and strategies on an individual and a public health level. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this health technology assessment (HTA)-report is to summarise the current literature on bariatric surgery, to evaluate their medical effectiveness/efficacy and cost-effectiveness as well as the ethical, social and legal implications of these procedures in comparison to conventional therapies and compared to each other. METHODS: Relevant publications are identified by means of a structured search of databases accessed on 13.11.2006 and an update conducted on 12.11.2007. In addition, a manual search of identified reference lists is conducted. The present report includes German and English literature published since 2001 and targeting adult subjects with morbid @entity28 (body mass index (BMI) >=40 kg/m   or BMI >=35 kg/m   with severe comorbidities). The methodological quality of studies included is assessed according to pre-defined quality criteria by two independent scientists. RESULTS: Among 5910 retrieved publications, 25 medical articles, as well as seven health economic studies meet the inclusion criteria. The medical studies show a superior @entity353 following bariatric surgery compared to conventional therapy. Malabsorptive procedures lead to a more profound @entity353 than purely restrictive procedures. Weight reduction in general is accompanied by a reduced frequency of comorbidities (mostly @entity2175 ). The evidence is not sufficient to quantify these effects for individual procedures or to assess long-term outcomes. However, recent studies show a profound survival benefit for surgically treated @entity1 up to a period of eleven years. The economic studies illustrate that bariatric surgery is cost-effective compared to no treatment or conservative treatment. The comparison between surgical therapies does not allow to draw any conclusions on cost-effectiveness. Appropriate studies/surveys, which are concerned with ethical, legal and social aspects, are not available. DISCUSSION: Concerning clinical outcomes as well as cost-effectiveness, there is a lack of high quality studies. Clinical effectiveness and safety as well as cost-effectiveness of bariatric procedures in the short- and medium-term course are agreed on, but long-term evaluations that focus not exclusively on @entity353 , but also on comorbidities and @entity1 relevant outcomes such as quality of life, are needed. Also within the economic views are missing long-term evaluation particularly for the German health care system. CONCLUSION: Based upon the available literature the short- and medium-term effectiveness of bariatric procedures on @entity353 , comorbidities, e. g. @entity6 , and mortality can be assumed and also seems to be cost-effective. No recommendation can be given with respect to the choice of a certain bariatric procedure or to the selection of particular groups of @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of medical and health economic effectiveness of bariatric surgery ( @entity28 surgery) versus conservative strategies in adult XXXX with morbid @entity28 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We studied the endocytic transport of an 85-kDa lysosomal membrane glycoprotein ( @entity55983 ) from the cell surface to lysosomes in cultured @entity35 hepatocytes. Fab' fragments of a monoclonal antibody against @entity55983 (YA30 mAb) were conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and then used as probes to monitor the endocytic transport of @entity55983 from the plasma membrane to lysosomes. Continuous internalization and lysosomal transport of HRP-YA30 mAb Fab' occurred in the hepatic cells, resulting in its accumulation in the dense lysosomal fraction obtained from the cells on Percoll density centrifugation. The endocytic transport of HRP-YA30 mAb continued in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor, @entity1880 , indicating that @entity55983 is cycled between the cell surface and lysosomes or endosomes, like other lysosomal membrane glycoproteins, @entity20350 and @entity50461 , as reported previously [Akasaki et al. (1993) J. Biochem. 114, 598-604]. The half times (t1/2) of internalization and lysosomal transport of @entity55983 were 32 min and 2.0 h, respectively. The kinetics of endocytic transport for @entity55983 are very similar to those of @entity20350 and @entity50461 . @entity55983 possesses a short cytoplasmic tail whose @entity535 sequence is quite different from those of @entity20350 and @entity50461 . Therefore, these results suggested that continuous internalization from the cell surface and lysosomal transport of of endogenous @entity55983 occur through a mechanism that can recognize this novel @entity535 sequence, probably a Leu-Ile-containing motif, in normal hepatic cells of @entity35 .

title: Cycling of an 85-kDa lysosomal membrane glycoprotein between the cell surface and lysosomes in cultured XXXX hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A redox dye, @entity6693 , was compared with subgingival root surface debridement and sterile water in the treatment of @entity7278 . Plaque and @entity2522 , @entity548 on probing, and microbiological samples were obtained at baseline, and at 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks following treatment. All subjects had matched pockets in each of the 4 quadrants, of 5 mm or more. One treatment consisted of 0.1% @entity6693 gel irrigated professionally at 0, 1 and 4 weeks, and by subjects at days in between up to 4 weeks, at chosen sites within a randomly selected quadrant (split-mouth design). A 2nd treatment was sterile water irrigation as above. A 3rd quadrant received subgingival debridement, and sites in the 4th received @entity6693 incorporated into a slow-release device of a biodegradable collagen alginate vicryl composite. All sites showed improvements in clinical and microbiological parameters. However, no statistically significant differences between treatment types were found for clinical measurements. Although plaque index tended to increase after week 1, gingival index was reduced, as was the papilla @entity548 index. Probing depth reductions were approximately 1.2 mm for all treatments. Microbiological variables showed an increase in cocci and a decrease in motile organisms for all groups, the latter reaching statistical significance for subgingival debridement. The reductions in spirochaetes were significant for subgingival debridement and @entity6693 by slow-release. Culture demonstrated an increase in the aerobe:anaerobe ratio for all groups, which was statistically significant initially (weeks 1 and 4) for subgingival debridement. @entity6693 was also effective statistically in improving this ratio, both by irrigation and slow-release (week 4). @entity6693 also significantly reduced the numbers of black-pigmented anaerobes during the trial period, both by irrigation and slow-release, which sterile water and subgingival debridement failed to do. No serious adverse experiences were seen, however, significantly greater morbidity was associated with subgingival debridement. These results clearly demonstrate that in altering the microflora to one that is more compatible with periodontal health, @entity6693 treatment is comparable, or even better, than the currently standard treatment of subgingival debridement, and is better tolerated.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy of a redox agent in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival indices']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue', 'Methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity299 and history of @entity1164 or recurrent sustained @entity1165 were treated with @entity6237 . @entity453 was present in 33 patients. Previous antiarrhythmic therapy consisted of two to eight drugs (mean four). Fourteen @entity1 were resuscitated from @entity1164 and 24 @entity1 had chronic recurrent sustained @entity1165 . Twenty-eight @entity1 had electrophysiologic testing before and during @entity6237 treatment. Sustained @entity1165 became noninducible in 5 @entity1 , nonsustained in 5 @entity1 and slowed in 13 @entity1 (cycle length increased from 278 +/- 64 to 395 +/- 91 ms; p = 0.002). Three of the 14 @entity1 with @entity1164 and 15 of the 24 @entity1 with recurrent sustained @entity1165 remained on long-term @entity6237 treatment. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction in 16 of these 18 @entity1 was 37%. Nonlimiting side effects occurred in seven @entity1 (18%). Proarrhythmic effects were seen in four @entity1 (10%). At a mean follow-up time of 11 +/- 3 months, 15 @entity1 (39%) had had no recurrence, including 5 who had inducible sustained @entity1165 and 5 who did not on retesting during treatment. In the 18 @entity1 who received long-term therapy, 3 late deaths occurred, 1 of which was of arrhythmic origin. These data suggest that @entity6237 is effective in about 40% of @entity1 with severe refractory @entity943 . Its value as a single drug in the treatment of @entity1164 remains to be defined.

title: Short- and long-term experience with @entity6237 in the management of refractory life-threatening XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity299 and history of @entity1164 or recurrent sustained @entity1165 were treated with @entity6237 . @entity453 was present in 33 patients. Previous antiarrhythmic therapy consisted of two to eight drugs (mean four). Fourteen @entity1 were resuscitated from @entity1164 and 24 @entity1 had chronic recurrent sustained @entity1165 . Twenty-eight @entity1 had electrophysiologic testing before and during @entity6237 treatment. Sustained @entity1165 became noninducible in 5 @entity1 , nonsustained in 5 @entity1 and slowed in 13 @entity1 (cycle length increased from 278 +/- 64 to 395 +/- 91 ms; p = 0.002). Three of the 14 @entity1 with @entity1164 and 15 of the 24 @entity1 with recurrent sustained @entity1165 remained on long-term @entity6237 treatment. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction in 16 of these 18 @entity1 was 37%. Nonlimiting side effects occurred in seven @entity1 (18%). Proarrhythmic effects were seen in four @entity1 (10%). At a mean follow-up time of 11 +/- 3 months, 15 @entity1 (39%) had had no recurrence, including 5 who had inducible sustained @entity1165 and 5 who did not on retesting during treatment. In the 18 @entity1 who received long-term therapy, 3 late deaths occurred, 1 of which was of arrhythmic origin. These data suggest that @entity6237 is effective in about 40% of @entity1 with severe refractory @entity943 . Its value as a single drug in the treatment of @entity1164 remains to be defined.

title: Short- and long-term experience with XXXX in the management of refractory life-threatening @entity943 .

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['flecainide acetate']


abstract: Laser lithotripsy with mini-ureteroscopes is a minimally invasive method to fragment @entity1607 . This study reviewed the efficacy and morbidity of outpatient laser lithotripsy for the treatment of @entity1607 . The 248 @entity1 were initially treated by outpatient ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy with the Candela pulsed-dye laser over a period of 3 1/2 years. Thirty-six @entity1 had prior unsuccessful fragmentation of @entity1607 by SWL. Twenty-eight @entity1 had undergone unsuccessful ureteroscopy with attempted basket extraction or attempted fragmentation with methods other than laser. Calculi were located in the upper ureter in 31% and in lower ureter in 69% of these @entity1 . The 1-month stone-free rate was 92% for upper @entity1607 and 96% for lower @entity1607 , with an overall success rate of 94.7%. Ninety per cent of the @entity1 were discharged the same day and 96% within 23 hours. Hospital admission was needed in only 4% of @entity1 . Parenteral analgesia was required in 18% of @entity1 , and major complications occurred in 0.8%. The combination of mini-ureteroscopes and laser lithotripsy is an effective method for fragmentation of @entity1607 in outpatients with low morbidity and few complications.

title: Outpatient fragmentation of XXXX with mini-ureteroscopes and laser lithotripsy.

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral calculi']

answer: @entity1607 :: (MESH:D014514,Disease) :: ['ureteral calculi']


abstract: @entity12671 , @entity10644 , Arthrobacter G12, Bacillus sp. and Cytophaga sp. were grown on solid and liquid media containing soluble and insoluble @entity505 sources. Arthrobacter G12, Bacillus sp. and Cytophaga sp. grew well on media which contained fungal cell walls or fungal biomass as the main @entity505 source. All bacteria produced extracellular proteases and all bacteria except Arthrobacter G12 produced extracellular chitinases. Growth of Cytophaga sp. on colloidal chitin was paralleled by the accumulated chitinase activity in the culture filtrate, and growth of Cytophaga sp. and Arthrobacter G12 on cell walls of Geotrichum candidum and cell walls of Candida pseudotropicalis was paralleled by the accumulation of laminarinase activity in the culture filtrate, but little or no extracellular chitinase activity was observed in these cultures. Mycolases purified from the culture filtrates of Cytophaga sp. grown on colloidal chitin on cell walls of C. pseudotropicalis potentiated the antifungal activity of @entity2379 .

title: Growth of bacteria on chitin, fungal cell walls and fungal biomass, and the effect of extracellular enzymes produced by these cultures on the antifungal activity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12671 :: ('663', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio alginolyticus']

entities_list: @entity10644 :: ('1911', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces griseus']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']