abstract: OBJECT: Although infrequent, injury to adjacent @entity531 during posterior approaches to lumbar intervertebral discs can occur. A detailed anatomical knowledge of relationships @entity532 . METHODS: Ten @entity406 -fixed male cadavers were used for this study. Posterior exposure of the lumbar thecal sac, nerve roots, pedicles, and intervertebral discs was performed. To identify retroperitoneal structures at risk during posterior lumbar discectomy, a transabdominal retroperitoneal approach was performed, and observations were made. The distances between the posterior and anterior edges of the lumbar intervertebral discs were measured, and the relationships between the disc space, pedicle, and nerve root were evaluated. RESULTS: For right and left sides, the mean distance from the inferior pedicle to the disc gradually increased from @entity6356 to L4-5 (range 2.7-3.8 mm and 2.9-4.5 mm for right and left side, respectively) and slightly decreased at L5-S1. For right and left sides, the mean distance from the superior pedicle to the disc was more or less the same for all disc spaces (range 9.3-11.6 mm and 8.2-10.5 mm for right and left, respectively). The right and left mean disc-to-root distance for the @entity6357 to L5-S1 levels ranged from 8.3 to 22.1 mm and 7.2 to 20.6 mm, respectively. The root origin gradually increased from L-1 to L-5. The right and left nerve root-to-disc angle gradually decreased from L-3 to S-1 (range 105  -110.6   and 99  -108  ). Disc heights gradually increased from @entity6356 to L5-S1 (range 11.3-17.4 mm). The mean distance between the anterior and posterior borders of the intervertebral discs ranged from 39 to 46 mm for all levels. CONCLUSIONS: To avoid neighboring @entity531 , instrumentation should not be inserted into the lumbar disc spaces more than 3 cm from their posterior edge. Accurate anatomical knowledge of the relationships of intervertebral discs to nerve roots is needed for spine surgeons.

title: XXXX adjacent to the lumbar intervertebral discs: an anatomical study of their morphometry and relationships.

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['may decrease surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

answer: @entity531 :: (MESH:D013901,Disease) :: ['Neurovascular structures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity161 have a high risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). @entity411 ( @entity411 ) improve peak @entity26 uptake (VO(2peak)), net mechanical efficiency of walking and risk factors for @entity65 but has not been investigated in @entity1 with @entity161 . AIMS: To investigate effects from @entity411 on VO(2peak), net mechanical efficiency of walking and risk factors for @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity161 . METHODS: 25 inpatients (F20-29, ICD-10) were allocated to either @entity411 or playing computer games (CG), 3 days per week for 8 weeks. @entity411 consisted of 4   4-min intervals with 3-min break periods, at 85-95% and 70% of peak heart rate, respectively. RESULTS: 12 and seven @entity1 completed @entity411 and CG, respectively. The baseline VO(2peak) in both groups combined (n = 19) was 36.8    8.2 ml/kg/min and 3.12    0.55 l/min. The @entity411 group improved VO(2peak) by 12% from 3.17    0.59 to 3.56    0.68 l/min (P < 0.001), more than the CG group (P = 0.014). Net mechanical efficiency of walking improved by 12% in the @entity411 group from 19.8    3.0% to 22.2    4.5% (P = 0.005), more than the CG group (P = 0.031). The @entity146 symptoms, expressed as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Calgary Depression Scale for @entity161 (CDSS), did not improve in either group. CONCLUSIONS: VO(2peak) and net mechanical efficiency of walking improved significantly by 8 weeks of @entity411 . @entity411 should be included in rehabilitation in order to improve physical capacity and contribute risk reduction of @entity65 .

title: Effects of high aerobic intensity training in @entity1 with XXXX : a controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity411 :: ('MESH:C538054', 'Disease') :: ['High aerobic intensity training', 'HIT']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity161 have a high risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). @entity411 ( @entity411 ) improve peak @entity26 uptake (VO(2peak)), net mechanical efficiency of walking and risk factors for @entity65 but has not been investigated in @entity1 with @entity161 . AIMS: To investigate effects from @entity411 on VO(2peak), net mechanical efficiency of walking and risk factors for @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity161 . METHODS: 25 inpatients (F20-29, ICD-10) were allocated to either @entity411 or playing computer games (CG), 3 days per week for 8 weeks. @entity411 consisted of 4   4-min intervals with 3-min break periods, at 85-95% and 70% of peak heart rate, respectively. RESULTS: 12 and seven @entity1 completed @entity411 and CG, respectively. The baseline VO(2peak) in both groups combined (n = 19) was 36.8    8.2 ml/kg/min and 3.12    0.55 l/min. The @entity411 group improved VO(2peak) by 12% from 3.17    0.59 to 3.56    0.68 l/min (P < 0.001), more than the CG group (P = 0.014). Net mechanical efficiency of walking improved by 12% in the @entity411 group from 19.8    3.0% to 22.2    4.5% (P = 0.005), more than the CG group (P = 0.031). The @entity146 symptoms, expressed as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Calgary Depression Scale for @entity161 (CDSS), did not improve in either group. CONCLUSIONS: VO(2peak) and net mechanical efficiency of walking improved significantly by 8 weeks of @entity411 . @entity411 should be included in rehabilitation in order to improve physical capacity and contribute risk reduction of @entity65 .

title: Effects of high aerobic intensity training in XXXX with @entity161 : a controlled trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This study was designed to investigate whether flaxseed oil (FO) exerts hypocholesterolemic effects similar to ground @entity15531 ( @entity15531 ) and to gain insight into its hypocholesterolemic mechanism. Forty-eight 6-month-old female Golden @entity329 were either sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (Ovx) and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups (n   =   12/group) for 90 days: Sham, Ovx, Ovx+ @entity15531 , or Ovx+FO. Hamsters in the Sham and Ovx groups were fed a semipurified diet (control), whereas Ovx+ @entity15531 and Ovx+FO received the same basic diet supplemented with either @entity15531 (15% wt/wt) or FO (amount equivalent to the oil contribution of @entity15531 ). Ovariectomy significantly (P   <   .05) increased serum total concentrations by approximately 15%. @entity15531 , but not FO, prevented (P   <   .05) the ovariectomy-induced increase in serum total @entity165 concentration (12% and 4% reduction by @entity15531 and FO, respectively). Hamsters fed FO or @entity15531 had high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 concentrations similar to those of the Ovx hamsters receiving the control diet. Non-HDL- @entity165 concentrations were lowest in the @entity15531 group, albeit not statistically different from the other treatment groups. There were no significant differences among groups in serum @entity412 concentration and liver lipids. Both @entity15531 and FO more than doubled the hepatic protein levels of 7a-hydroxylase in comparison to the Ovx hamsters receiving the control diet (P   <   .05). Our findings suggest that increased @entity6741 synthesis is one of the major @entity165 -lowering mechanisms of flaxseed and that other flaxseed components, aside from its oil, contribute to its hypocholesterolemic property. The @entity165 -lowering effects of other components of flaxseed and their mechanisms of action need to be further explored.

title: Flaxseed but not flaxseed oil prevented the rise in serum @entity165 due to ovariectomy in the Golden XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15531 :: ('MESH:C531766', 'Disease') :: ['whole flaxseed', 'WF']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: This study was designed to investigate whether flaxseed oil (FO) exerts hypocholesterolemic effects similar to ground @entity15531 ( @entity15531 ) and to gain insight into its hypocholesterolemic mechanism. Forty-eight 6-month-old female Golden @entity329 were either sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (Ovx) and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups (n   =   12/group) for 90 days: Sham, Ovx, Ovx+ @entity15531 , or Ovx+FO. Hamsters in the Sham and Ovx groups were fed a semipurified diet (control), whereas Ovx+ @entity15531 and Ovx+FO received the same basic diet supplemented with either @entity15531 (15% wt/wt) or FO (amount equivalent to the oil contribution of @entity15531 ). Ovariectomy significantly (P   <   .05) increased serum total concentrations by approximately 15%. @entity15531 , but not FO, prevented (P   <   .05) the ovariectomy-induced increase in serum total @entity165 concentration (12% and 4% reduction by @entity15531 and FO, respectively). Hamsters fed FO or @entity15531 had high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 concentrations similar to those of the Ovx hamsters receiving the control diet. Non-HDL- @entity165 concentrations were lowest in the @entity15531 group, albeit not statistically different from the other treatment groups. There were no significant differences among groups in serum @entity412 concentration and liver lipids. Both @entity15531 and FO more than doubled the hepatic protein levels of 7a-hydroxylase in comparison to the Ovx hamsters receiving the control diet (P   <   .05). Our findings suggest that increased @entity6741 synthesis is one of the major @entity165 -lowering mechanisms of flaxseed and that other flaxseed components, aside from its oil, contribute to its hypocholesterolemic property. The @entity165 -lowering effects of other components of flaxseed and their mechanisms of action need to be further explored.

title: Flaxseed but not flaxseed oil prevented the rise in serum XXXX due to ovariectomy in the Golden @entity329 .

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: @entity1614 ( @entity1614 ) is a @entity2597 with major features in @entity854 . Recently, diagnostic criteria were revised where more weight was given to the @entity384 . We applied the revised Marfan nosology in an established adult Marfan population to define practical repercussions of novel criteria for clinical practice and individual @entity1 . Out of 180 @entity1614 @entity1 , in 91% (n = 164) the diagnosis of @entity1614 remained. Out of 16 @entity1 with rejected diagnosis, four @entity1 were diagnosed as MASS ( @entity1714 , @entity3454 , borderline non-progressive @entity384 , skeletal findings and striae) phenotype, three as @entity20377 and in nine @entity1 no alternative diagnosis was established. In 13 @entity1 , the diagnosis was rejected because the Z-score of the aortic root was <2, although the aortic diameter was larger than 40 mm in six of them. In three other @entity1 , the diagnosis of @entity1614 was rejected because dural @entity4122 was given less weight in the revised nosology. Following the revised Marfan nosology, the diagnosis of @entity1614 was rejected in 9% of @entity1 , mostly because of the absence of @entity384 defined as Z-score >= 2. Currently used Z-scores seem to underestimate @entity384 , especially in @entity1 with large body surface area (BSA). We recommend re-evaluation of criteria for aortic root involvement in adult @entity1 with a suspected diagnosis of @entity1614 .

title: Critical appraisal of the revised Ghent criteria for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disorder']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', 'Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular, ocular and skeletal systems']

entities_list: @entity20377 :: ('MESH:D004479', 'Disease') :: ['ectopia lentis syndrome']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan syndrome']


abstract: Identification of proteins with low sequence coverage using @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ) requires tandem @entity3928 / @entity3928 peptide sequencing. It is very challenging to obtain a complete or to interpret an incomplete tandem @entity3928 / @entity3928 spectrum from fragmentation of a weak peptide ion signal for sequence assignment. Here, we have developed an effective and high-throughput MALDI-TOF-based method for the identification of membrane and other low-abundance proteins with a simple, one-dimensional separation step. In this approach, several stable isotope-labeled @entity535 precursors were selected to mass-tag, in parallel, the @entity1 proteome of @entity1 skin fibroblast cells in a residue-specific manner during in vivo cell culturing. These labeled residues can be recognized by their characteristic isotope patterns in @entity215 spectra. The isotope pattern of particular peptides induced by the different labeled precursors provides information about their @entity535 compositions. The specificity of peptide signals in a peptide mass mapping is thus greatly enhanced, resolving a high degree of mass degeneracy of proteolytic peptides derived from the complex @entity1 proteome. Further, false positive matches in database searching can be eliminated. More importantly, proteins can be accurately identified through a single peptide with its m/z value and partial @entity535 composition. With the increased solubility of hydrophobic proteins in SDS, we have demonstrated that our approach is effective for the identification of membrane and low-abundant proteins with low sequence coverage and weak signal intensity, which are often difficult for obtaining informative fragment patterns in tandem @entity3928 / @entity3928 peptide sequencing analysis.

title: Single peptide-based protein identification in @entity1 proteome through XXXX coupled with amino acids coded mass tagging.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['mass spectrometry', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['MALDI-TOF MS']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['MALDI-TOF MS']


abstract: Identification of proteins with low sequence coverage using @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ) requires tandem @entity3928 / @entity3928 peptide sequencing. It is very challenging to obtain a complete or to interpret an incomplete tandem @entity3928 / @entity3928 spectrum from fragmentation of a weak peptide ion signal for sequence assignment. Here, we have developed an effective and high-throughput MALDI-TOF-based method for the identification of membrane and other low-abundance proteins with a simple, one-dimensional separation step. In this approach, several stable isotope-labeled @entity535 precursors were selected to mass-tag, in parallel, the @entity1 proteome of @entity1 skin fibroblast cells in a residue-specific manner during in vivo cell culturing. These labeled residues can be recognized by their characteristic isotope patterns in @entity215 spectra. The isotope pattern of particular peptides induced by the different labeled precursors provides information about their @entity535 compositions. The specificity of peptide signals in a peptide mass mapping is thus greatly enhanced, resolving a high degree of mass degeneracy of proteolytic peptides derived from the complex @entity1 proteome. Further, false positive matches in database searching can be eliminated. More importantly, proteins can be accurately identified through a single peptide with its m/z value and partial @entity535 composition. With the increased solubility of hydrophobic proteins in SDS, we have demonstrated that our approach is effective for the identification of membrane and low-abundant proteins with low sequence coverage and weak signal intensity, which are often difficult for obtaining informative fragment patterns in tandem @entity3928 / @entity3928 peptide sequencing analysis.

title: Single peptide-based protein identification in XXXX proteome through @entity215 coupled with amino acids coded mass tagging.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A novel ion source based on the principle of sonic spray ionization has been built and used to optimize mass spectrometric conditions for generating @entity535 clusters. The ion source employs a simple pneumatic spray operated at extremely high nebulizing gas flow rates. Several factors that affect the performance of the cluster source are identified, and information from these observations provides insights into the mechanisms of gas phase ion formation. @entity563 is used as a model system in optimizing instrumental and sample parameters to maximize cluster ion formation. The sonic spray results for this oligomer compare favorably with electrospray data, showing an order of magnitude better signal intensity and excellent signal-to-noise ratios. The performance of the system for the protonated @entity563 octamer includes a limit of detection of 10 nM and a linear dynamic range of 4 orders of magnitude. Ion formation was observed to go into saturation above 1 mM. This result and data on pH, electrolyte concentration, and solvent composition are interpreted as supporting a charge residue model of sonic spray ionization. Other @entity1522 can be substituted for @entity563 in the octamer, with a strong chiral preference in favor of homochiral cluster formation in the cases of @entity1889 and @entity462 . These @entity1522 show a preference for substitution of more than two @entity563 molecules. @entity815 , @entity2734 , @entity2340 , and @entity669 also substitute into the @entity563 octamer; however, the process yields only two incorporations and only small chiral effects.

title: XXXX clusters formed by sonic spray ionization.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine', 'serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['Amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the association of @entity2521 with refractory arterial @entity101 . STUDY DESIGN: A total of 137 @entity1 were examined. Seventy @entity1 (mean age of 55.2        9.2 years) were included in the case group, while 67 non- @entity101 subjects (mean age of 50.0    7.2) served as a control group. Periodontal clinical examination included plaque index, @entity548 on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical @entity6730 (CAL). @entity1 with at least five sites with CAL >= 6 mm were considered as severe @entity2521 , and with at least 30% of the sites with CAL >= 4   mm generalized @entity7278 . RESULTS: The mean (  s.d.) number and percentage of sites with CAL >= 6   mm were 11 (  14) and 16.6 (  14) in the case group, and 5.7 (  9.5) and 5.8 (  9.7) in the control group (P    <   0.05). The mean (  s.d.) percentage of sites with CAL >= 4   mm was 37 (  29.6) in the case group and 21.2 (  20) in the control group (P    <   0.05). The significant associations with arterial @entity101 were severe @entity7278 (OR   =   4.04, 95% CI: 1.92; 8.49) and generalized @entity7278 (OR   =   2.18, 95% CI: 1.04; 4.56). CONCLUSIONS: Severe and generalized @entity7278 seem to play a role as risk indicators for @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Higher prevalence of @entity2521 in @entity1 with refractory arterial XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the association of @entity2521 with refractory arterial @entity101 . STUDY DESIGN: A total of 137 @entity1 were examined. Seventy @entity1 (mean age of 55.2        9.2 years) were included in the case group, while 67 non- @entity101 subjects (mean age of 50.0    7.2) served as a control group. Periodontal clinical examination included plaque index, @entity548 on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical @entity6730 (CAL). @entity1 with at least five sites with CAL >= 6 mm were considered as severe @entity2521 , and with at least 30% of the sites with CAL >= 4   mm generalized @entity7278 . RESULTS: The mean (  s.d.) number and percentage of sites with CAL >= 6   mm were 11 (  14) and 16.6 (  14) in the case group, and 5.7 (  9.5) and 5.8 (  9.7) in the control group (P    <   0.05). The mean (  s.d.) percentage of sites with CAL >= 4   mm was 37 (  29.6) in the case group and 21.2 (  20) in the control group (P    <   0.05). The significant associations with arterial @entity101 were severe @entity7278 (OR   =   4.04, 95% CI: 1.92; 8.49) and generalized @entity7278 (OR   =   2.18, 95% CI: 1.04; 4.56). CONCLUSIONS: Severe and generalized @entity7278 seem to play a role as risk indicators for @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Higher prevalence of XXXX in @entity1 with refractory arterial @entity101 : a case-control study.

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the association of @entity2521 with refractory arterial @entity101 . STUDY DESIGN: A total of 137 @entity1 were examined. Seventy @entity1 (mean age of 55.2        9.2 years) were included in the case group, while 67 non- @entity101 subjects (mean age of 50.0    7.2) served as a control group. Periodontal clinical examination included plaque index, @entity548 on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical @entity6730 (CAL). @entity1 with at least five sites with CAL >= 6 mm were considered as severe @entity2521 , and with at least 30% of the sites with CAL >= 4   mm generalized @entity7278 . RESULTS: The mean (  s.d.) number and percentage of sites with CAL >= 6   mm were 11 (  14) and 16.6 (  14) in the case group, and 5.7 (  9.5) and 5.8 (  9.7) in the control group (P    <   0.05). The mean (  s.d.) percentage of sites with CAL >= 4   mm was 37 (  29.6) in the case group and 21.2 (  20) in the control group (P    <   0.05). The significant associations with arterial @entity101 were severe @entity7278 (OR   =   4.04, 95% CI: 1.92; 8.49) and generalized @entity7278 (OR   =   2.18, 95% CI: 1.04; 4.56). CONCLUSIONS: Severe and generalized @entity7278 seem to play a role as risk indicators for @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Higher prevalence of @entity2521 in XXXX with refractory arterial @entity101 : a case-control study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to investigate whether @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) injection in lower adipose tissue-containing sites (arms and legs) would result in a lower exposure and reduced stem cell collection efficiency compared with injection into abdominal skin. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We completed a prospective randomized study to determine the efficacy and tolerability of different injection sites for @entity1 with multiple @entity1582 or @entity706 undergoing stem cell mobilization and apheresis. Primary endpoints were the number of @entity2280 + cells collected and the number of days of apheresis. Forty @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive cytokine injections in their abdomen (Group A) or extremities (Group B). Randomization was stratified based on diagnosis ( @entity1582 , n=29 vs. @entity706 , n=11), age, and mobilization strategy and balanced across demographic factors and body mass index. RESULTS: Thirty-five subjects were evaluable for the primary endpoint: 18 in Group A and 17 in Group B. One evaluable subject in each group failed to collect a minimum dose of at least 2.0*10(6) @entity2280 + cells/kg. The mean numbers of @entity2280 + cells (  SD) collected were not different between Groups A and B (9.15*10(6)  4.7*10(6) /kg vs. 9.85*10(6)   5*10(6) /kg, respectively; p=NS) after a median of 2 days of apheresis. Adverse events were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The site of @entity1261 administration does not affect the number of @entity2280 + cells collected by apheresis or the duration of apheresis needed to reach the target cell dose.

title: A randomized clinical trial comparing XXXX administration sites for mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells for @entity1 with hematologic malignancies undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to investigate whether @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) injection in lower adipose tissue-containing sites (arms and legs) would result in a lower exposure and reduced stem cell collection efficiency compared with injection into abdominal skin. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We completed a prospective randomized study to determine the efficacy and tolerability of different injection sites for @entity1 with multiple @entity1582 or @entity706 undergoing stem cell mobilization and apheresis. Primary endpoints were the number of @entity2280 + cells collected and the number of days of apheresis. Forty @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive cytokine injections in their abdomen (Group A) or extremities (Group B). Randomization was stratified based on diagnosis ( @entity1582 , n=29 vs. @entity706 , n=11), age, and mobilization strategy and balanced across demographic factors and body mass index. RESULTS: Thirty-five subjects were evaluable for the primary endpoint: 18 in Group A and 17 in Group B. One evaluable subject in each group failed to collect a minimum dose of at least 2.0*10(6) @entity2280 + cells/kg. The mean numbers of @entity2280 + cells (  SD) collected were not different between Groups A and B (9.15*10(6)  4.7*10(6) /kg vs. 9.85*10(6)   5*10(6) /kg, respectively; p=NS) after a median of 2 days of apheresis. Adverse events were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The site of @entity1261 administration does not affect the number of @entity2280 + cells collected by apheresis or the duration of apheresis needed to reach the target cell dose.

title: A randomized clinical trial comparing @entity1261 administration sites for mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells for XXXX with hematologic malignancies undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Obesity is a major health concern not only in the general population but also in @entity1 with @entity447 . Little is known about the consequences of @entity28 for @entity447 @entity1 . As @entity28 is an important risk factor for @entity571 , these effects may be even more pronounced in @entity447 @entity1 who are prone to joint damage. The association between @entity28 and limitations in daily activities as well as the frequency of @entity548 and use of @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) concentrate in @entity28 and normal weight @entity447 @entity1 was assessed. Fifteen @entity28 (BMI >=  30 kg m(-2)) and fifteen normal weight (BMI  <= 25 kg m(-2)) @entity447 @entity1 matched for severity and age were analysed. The @entity447 ( @entity447 ) was used to assess the impairment in daily activities. Compared with the normal weight @entity447 @entity1 , @entity28 haemophiliacs had a significantly lower sum score (88/100 and 98/100, respectively, P = 0.02), which was mainly caused by an impaired lower limb function. All other components of the @entity447 also showed lower scores in the @entity28 @entity1 , but did not reach statistical significance. @entity548 requiring treatment with @entity2801 concentrate occurred in the @entity28 haemophiliacs (17 @entity548 in eight individuals) compared with the controls (three @entity548 in three individuals) (P = 0.045). Compared with non- @entity28 @entity447 @entity1 , @entity28 haemophiliacs had @entity548 and a lower overall @entity447 score, which was driven by a lower limb function score. Prevention of overweight and @entity353 requires special attention from physicians treating @entity447 @entity1 .

title: The impairment in daily life of XXXX haemophiliacs.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['A higher frequency of bleeds', 'more joint bleeds', 'bleeds']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia', 'Hemophilia Activities List', 'HAL', 'haemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of the Slipped Capital @entity4039 remains a cause of concern due to the fact that the true knowledge of the etiopathogeny is unknown, as well as one of its major complications: chondrolysis. The conservative treatment remains controversial; it has been overlooked in the studies and subjected to intense criticism. The purpose of this study is to investigate the results of treatment on the hip of @entity1 @entity4039 , using the plaster cast immobilization method and its link to chondrolysis. METHODS: The research was performed based on the study of the following variables: symptomatology, and the degree of slipping. A hip spica cast and bilateral short/long leg casts in abduction, internal rotation with anti-rotational bars were used for immobilizing the @entity1 's hip for twelve weeks. Statistical analysis was accomplished by Wilcoxon's marked position test and by the Fisher accuracy test at a 5% level. RESULTS: A satisfactory result was obtained in the acute group, 70.5%; 94%; in the chronic group (chronic + acute on chronic). Regarding the degree of the slipping, a satisfactory result was obtained in 90.5% of hips tested with a mild slip; in 76% with moderate slip and 73% in the severe slip. The statistical result revealed that a significant improvement was found for flexion (p = 0.0001), abduction (p = 0.0001), internal rotation (p = 0.0001) and external rotation (p = 0.02). Chondrolysis was present in 11.3% of the hips tested. One case of @entity1516 with @entity39 was presented. There was no significant variation between age and chondrolysis (p = 1.00).Significant variation between gender/non-white @entity1 versus chondrolysis (p = 0.031) and (p = 0.037), respectively was verified. No causal association between plaster cast and chondrolysis was observed (p = 0.60). In regard to the symptomatology group and the slip degree versus chondrolysis, the p value was not statistically significant in both analyses, p = 0.61 and p = 0.085 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: After analyzing the nonoperative treatment of slipped @entity4039 and chondrolysis, we conclude that employment of the treatment revealed that the method was functional, efficient, valid, and reproducible; it also can be used as an alternative therapeutic procedure regarding to this specific disease.

title: Nonoperative treatment of slipped XXXX : a scientific study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['displaying slipped capital femoral epiphysis', 'Femoral Epiphysis', 'capital femoral epiphysis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic capital necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['capital femoral epiphysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of uterine @entity432 by laparoscopy versus embolization as a treatment modality for symptomatic uterine fibroids. METHODS: Ninety-six premenopausal @entity1 with symptomatic @entity10401 were studied. None of them desired further pregnancy. They were randomized to treatment either by laparoscopic occlusion (group 1) or by radiologic embolization of uterine arteries (group 2). The primary outcome measure was @entity1 satisfaction as regards menstrual @entity190 compared with pretreatment loss. Secondary outcome measures included @entity282 , complications, secondary interventions, and failures. RESULTS: Ninety @entity1 were followed for 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after both procedures. The primary outcome was comparable between the 2 groups (86.7% after laparoscopic occlusion versus 88.8% after embolization, with no statistically significant difference). After 12 months of follow-up, more @entity1 resumed heavy periods in the uterine @entity432 group [4/45 @entity1 , 8.8% in occlusion group compared with 3/45 (6.6%) in embolization group, P=0.044]. CONCLUSION: Both laparoscopic occlusion and superselective embolization of uterine arteries improved clinical symptoms in the majority of @entity1 . At 12-month follow-up, embolization might be more effective.

title: Uterine XXXX for treatment of symptomatic uterine myomas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity10401 :: ('MESH:C535516', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyomata']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the therapeutic effect and acute side-effect of escalated hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy (EHART) combined with chemotherapy for stage IIIB @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: From Aug. 1998 to Aug. 2001, a prospective trial for @entity1149 was carried out in 112 @entity1 with stage IIIB. These @entity1 were nonrandomly divided into 2 groups: conventional fractionated radiation therapy group (CFRT 65 cases) and EHART group (47 cases). The CFRT @entity1 were treated by 1.8-2 Gy/fraction per day, 5 treatment days per week; the total doses received in center of @entity5 were 54-70 Gy /27-40 fractions/37-85 days, the median was 60 Gy/30 factions/43 days. The EHART @entity1 were treated by escalated doses: In the first and second weeks, 1.2 Gy/fraction twice a day was given, then 1.3 Gy , 1.4 Gy , and 1.5 Gy from third to fifth weeks respectively, twice fractions a day (over 6 hours interval), 5 treatment days each week, the total doses were 60-66 Gy/46-50 fractions/30-45 days, the median was 66 Gy /50 fractions/34 days. Radiation fields just covered the @entity5 mass which were determined by thoracic CT with 1.5 cm margins. A total of 4-6 cycles chemotherapy with MVP regimen mostly was delivered before (1-2 cycles) and after (3-5 cycles) radiotherapy. Each @entity1 was followed up for 1 year. RESULTS: Seven cases were excluded from EHART, twelve from CFRT. There were 93 @entity1 to be evaluated. The immediate response rate of @entity5 by EHART and CFRT was 72.5% and 64.2% respectively (Chi-square=1.02, P=0.346). The 1-year survival rate was 60.0% and 47.2% respectively (Chi-square=2.56, P=0.107), and the local control rate was 67.5% and 52.8% respectively (Chi-square=3.01, P=0.085). The incidence and degree of @entity6937 in EHART were more severe than that in CFRT (Chi-square=5.02, P=0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment effect by EHART for stage IIIB @entity1149 is encouraging and its @entity137 could be tolerated by most of @entity1 . It is worthy of further study on survival rate and late complications in long term.

title: [Escalated hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy for stage IIIB XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['acute radiation esophagitis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with skull defects sometimes develop @entity51 , which have been grouped under "the syndrome of the trephined". The deficits are usually nonspecific or nonlocalizing, such as apathy or @entity10 . We report, to our knowledge, a first case of severe @entity3308 associated with a skull defect. Cranioplasty dramatically resolved the @entity1 's symptoms. A @entity3308 represents the main manifestation of the syndrome of the trephined and can be corrected by cranioplasty. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old @entity1 with @entity542 and @entity4282 initially had @entity1319 . He developed a skull defect after @entity281 following cranioplasty. He presented with onset of neurological symptoms one year after @entity542 with a skull defect, a small divergent and vertical strabismus, elevation @entity735 , @entity10 and @entity1295 . Over several months he developed severe bilateral deficit of adduction, elevation, @entity308 and convergence. He had @entity51 , @entity1295 , @entity10 and @entity73 . Neuroimaging and lumbar puncture did not show evidence of @entity428 or @entity1276 . INTERVENTION: Cranioplasty using Palacos was performed one-and-a-half years after @entity130 . Immediately after surgery, the @entity1 noted remarkable improvement in his symptoms. @entity10 and @entity1295 disappeared within two days. Two weeks after cranioplasty the @entity1 had orthotropia and virtually normal ocular motility. @entity16 completely disappeared. Recovery remained sustained for over 5 years after cranioplasty. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this represents the first case of the syndrome of the trephined in which the @entity51 map primarily to the brainstem and show rapid improvement following cranioplasty. We show that cranioplasty in @entity1 with large skull defects is indicated for more then cosmetic reasons and should be considered even after longer periods following a @entity130 .

title: XXXX with @entity1319 : dramatic improvement after cranioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['midbrain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired coordination']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neuropsychological deficits']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['deficit of both eyes']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse headaches', 'headaches', 'Headaches']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['normal eye motility']

answer: @entity3308 :: (MESH:D020295,Disease) :: ['Midbrain syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with skull defects sometimes develop @entity51 , which have been grouped under "the syndrome of the trephined". The deficits are usually nonspecific or nonlocalizing, such as apathy or @entity10 . We report, to our knowledge, a first case of severe @entity3308 associated with a skull defect. Cranioplasty dramatically resolved the @entity1 's symptoms. A @entity3308 represents the main manifestation of the syndrome of the trephined and can be corrected by cranioplasty. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old @entity1 with @entity542 and @entity4282 initially had @entity1319 . He developed a skull defect after @entity281 following cranioplasty. He presented with onset of neurological symptoms one year after @entity542 with a skull defect, a small divergent and vertical strabismus, elevation @entity735 , @entity10 and @entity1295 . Over several months he developed severe bilateral deficit of adduction, elevation, @entity308 and convergence. He had @entity51 , @entity1295 , @entity10 and @entity73 . Neuroimaging and lumbar puncture did not show evidence of @entity428 or @entity1276 . INTERVENTION: Cranioplasty using Palacos was performed one-and-a-half years after @entity130 . Immediately after surgery, the @entity1 noted remarkable improvement in his symptoms. @entity10 and @entity1295 disappeared within two days. Two weeks after cranioplasty the @entity1 had orthotropia and virtually normal ocular motility. @entity16 completely disappeared. Recovery remained sustained for over 5 years after cranioplasty. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this represents the first case of the syndrome of the trephined in which the @entity51 map primarily to the brainstem and show rapid improvement following cranioplasty. We show that cranioplasty in @entity1 with large skull defects is indicated for more then cosmetic reasons and should be considered even after longer periods following a @entity130 .

title: @entity3308 with XXXX : dramatic improvement after cranioplasty.

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['eye movement disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate presenting signs and clinical diagnosis in a cohort of @entity1 referred to rule out @entity1614 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on @entity1 referred to the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between November 1993 and July 2001 to rule out @entity1614 . Clinical findings necessary for the diagnosis of the disorder according to current criteria (De Paepe et al., Am J Med Genet. 1996;62:417-426) were determined through complete physical examination and testing, including an echocardiogram and a slit-lamp examination. Information regarding age, sex, reason for evaluation, family history, symptoms, and ultimate clinical diagnosis were extracted from the charts. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 averaging 23.5 years of age completed a comprehensive evaluation to rule out @entity1614 . A clinical diagnosis of this condition was made in 28 (37%) @entity1 (12 males, 16 females). Reasons for referral included one or more of the following: (1) the finding by a physician of one or more typical clinical manifestations of the disease; (2) a known family history of the syndrome; and/or (3) curiosity on the part of the @entity1 or family as a result of publicity about @entity1614 in lay or medical journals or in television programs. Twenty-eight individuals (37% of the total group) were referred because of skeletal findings common to the syndrome. Of these, 10 (36%) were diagnosed with the disease. Seven (78%) of the nine @entity1 who presented with ocular signs or symptoms were ultimately diagnosed with the disorder. Of the 22 individuals referred because of cardiovascular signs or symptoms, nine (41%) were diagnosed with @entity1614 . Twelve (31%) of 39 individuals with a known family history of @entity1614 or symptoms common to this condition had a positive diagnosis. Of six individuals evaluated in response to publicity about the disease, two (33%) were ultimately diagnosed with the disorder. CONCLUSION: The most common reasons for evaluation to rule out @entity1614 include a positive family history of the condition and the presence of one of its common manifestations (e.g., body habitus, @entity299 , or subluxated lenses). In the present series of @entity1 , the physical finding that predicted the diagnosis most was subluxation of the ocular lens.

title: Presenting signs and clinical diagnosis in individuals referred to rule out XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan syndrome']


abstract: The stomach-derived peptide, ghrelin, has recently been discovered as an important regulator of energy homeostasis. Central nervous system pathways involving stimulation of hypothalamic neuropeptides play a prominent role in mediating ghrelin's orexigenic effects. However, potential direct peripheral effects remain poorly understood. Using a brown adipocyte model, we tested ghrelin-mediated influences on adipose tissue. Chronic ghrelin stimulation of differentiating adipocytes did not affect the pattern or extent of fat accumulation. Furthermore, insulin-induced @entity413 uptake as a hallmark of adipocyte function was not altered by ghrelin pre-treatment. However, acute ghrelin treatment resulted in a significant time-dependent increase in p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. There was no stimulation of @entity4357 3-kinase, JAK/STAT, or stress kinase signaling pathways. Furthermore, ghrelin did not significantly alter gene expression of the thermogenic uncoupling protein-1. By contrast, expression of the novel adipokine @entity1254 , which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and @entity28 , was strongly impaired. This inhibition occurred acutely, and was sustained for several hours. In summary, our data provide evidence for selective effects of ghrelin on adipocyte signaling and function and thus propose a role for adipose tissue as a novel mediator of ghrelin's effects on energy balance and @entity413 homeostasis.

title: Direct peripheral effects of ghrelin include suppression of XXXX expression.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: The adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the regulation of adipocyte growth and differentiation. We studied the influence of age, body weight, total body fat content, anatomical localization, and diet on the expression of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) and @entity11154 genes in white adipose tissue of normal and postnatal overfed @entity35 . Relative gene expression was measured in epididymal adipose tissue and liver of control and postnatal overfed (PNO) @entity35 at the age of 4, 8, and 12 weeks using real time RT-PCR. Body fat content was determined by carcass analysis. Body weight and body fat content were only significantly greater in PNO @entity35 when compared to control @entity35 at the age of 4 weeks. At the age of 12 weeks, @entity1808 expression was significantly decreased in both tissues. Furthermore, expression of the AT 1 -receptor gene was significantly decreased in liver but not in adipose tissue at 12 weeks of age. Postnatal overfeeding did not influence the expression levels of either gene at any time-point in either liver or adipose tissue. At the age of 24 weeks, @entity1808 expression was significantly greater in epididymal than in subcutaneous adipose tissue, whereas no site-specific differences could be found for the AT 1 -receptor. We conclude that age and depot-specific mechanisms are of more importance for the expression of @entity1808 and AT 1 -receptor genes during the first 12 weeks of age than a short period of overfeeding.

title: Age-related changes of Renin-Angiotensin system genes in white adipose tissue of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1 )-receptor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity705 in @entity4806 occasionally require surgical treatment due to restricted finger motion and/or @entity85 . However, the @entity1 are growing @entity1 , and the indication for surgical treatment is controversial. We reviewed our cases in order to clarify characteristics of @entity5 and to report surgical outcomes. METHODS: We performed surgeries on 17 @entity705 in the digits of 16 @entity1 . The average age at surgery was 3.6 years. Ten of 16 @entity1 had @entity705 , and 6 @entity1 had been diagnosed with @entity5607 . We classified @entity705 into 3 types, according to their locations. Type A is located at the nonepiphyseal metaphysis of the bone (9 lesions), type B in the metaphysis on the epiphyseal plate side (5 lesions), and type C in the diaphysis (3 lesions). Surgery was indicated for either or both restricted motion and @entity85 . Simple excision of the @entity5 was performed in 14 lesions, wedge osteotomy in 2 fingers, and osteotomy with excision of @entity5 in 1 finger. The average follow-up period was 49 months (range, 14-155 mo). RESULTS: Surgical outcomes in types B and C were all good, the deformities were well corrected, and range of motion was improved. On the other hand, in type A, 2 cases still had more than 30   of restricted motion at the final follow-up, and another 2 cases showed more than 10   of @entity85 . CONCLUSIONS: For type A, early surgical treatment is recommended to prevent the progress of the @entity154 and to improve motion. When the @entity5 are oriented more laterally and include less than a third of the joint surface, we recommend sufficient @entity5 excision, which can include part of the articular surface.

title: Surgical treatment for @entity705 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['finger deformity']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['Osteochondromas', 'solitary osteochondroma', 'osteochondromas', 'osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric digits']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['angulatory deformity']

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['multiple osteochondromatosis']

answer: @entity4806 :: (MESH:D063766,Disease) :: ['pediatric digits']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity705 in @entity4806 occasionally require surgical treatment due to restricted finger motion and/or @entity85 . However, the @entity1 are growing @entity1 , and the indication for surgical treatment is controversial. We reviewed our cases in order to clarify characteristics of @entity5 and to report surgical outcomes. METHODS: We performed surgeries on 17 @entity705 in the digits of 16 @entity1 . The average age at surgery was 3.6 years. Ten of 16 @entity1 had @entity705 , and 6 @entity1 had been diagnosed with @entity5607 . We classified @entity705 into 3 types, according to their locations. Type A is located at the nonepiphyseal metaphysis of the bone (9 lesions), type B in the metaphysis on the epiphyseal plate side (5 lesions), and type C in the diaphysis (3 lesions). Surgery was indicated for either or both restricted motion and @entity85 . Simple excision of the @entity5 was performed in 14 lesions, wedge osteotomy in 2 fingers, and osteotomy with excision of @entity5 in 1 finger. The average follow-up period was 49 months (range, 14-155 mo). RESULTS: Surgical outcomes in types B and C were all good, the deformities were well corrected, and range of motion was improved. On the other hand, in type A, 2 cases still had more than 30   of restricted motion at the final follow-up, and another 2 cases showed more than 10   of @entity85 . CONCLUSIONS: For type A, early surgical treatment is recommended to prevent the progress of the @entity154 and to improve motion. When the @entity5 are oriented more laterally and include less than a third of the joint surface, we recommend sufficient @entity5 excision, which can include part of the articular surface.

title: Surgical treatment for XXXX in @entity4806 .

answer: @entity705 :: (MESH:D015831,Disease) :: ['osteochondromas']


abstract: Ten cases of @entity9556 which were diagnosed and treated among the outpatients from 1987 through 1999 in a clinic of internal medicine locating at the northern districts of Awaji Island were investigated. The @entity1 were consisted of 8 males and 2 females and their ages ranged from 6 to 69 years old. The infected areas were distributed in hilly districts extending over three towns. The outbreak season was from November through December. The following two facts seemed to be worthy of notice. 1) There was a time lag on the @entity1 's onset among the different years. 2) When the incidences were more than two cases a year, the time difference of onset was within a few days each other. Then the relationship between atmospheric temperature and the date of onset was studied. Meterological observing records at Gunge Ichinomia Town near the northern districts of Awaji Island were investigated into the temperature every 10 days from 1987 to 1999. Average temperature every 10 days including the presumable day when each @entity1 was infected with @entity9557 (O.T) ranged between 9.1 degrees C and 13.3 degrees C and in 7 of 10 cases ranged between 11.6 degrees C and 13.3 degrees C. The maximum temperature ranged between 11.3 degrees C and 17.5 degrees C, the minimum one between 6.6 degrees C and 9.1 degrees C. It is likely that the seasonal occurrence of @entity9556 greatly depends upon the optimum temperature for the activity of tsutsugamushi mites in these areas. The high titer of serum IgM and IgG antibody to Karp, Gilliam Kato type @entity9557 was detected by an immunofluorescense assay (IF) in all cases. IgG antibody, titers fell drastically to 20 or 10 times within a few years but 10 times titer was still detected in three cases in more than ten years. It is suggested that IgG antibody titer more than 10 times in healthy @entity1 indicates the infection in the past and titer more than 20 times implies the infection during the past few years.

title: [ XXXX found in the northern districts of Awaji Island--epidemiological study of the outbreak season temperature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity9557 :: ('784', 'Species') :: ['O. tsutsugamushi', 'Orientia tsutsugamushi']

entities_list: @entity9556 :: ('MESH:D012612', 'Disease') :: ['tsutsugamushi disease']

answer: @entity9556 :: (MESH:D012612,Disease) :: ['Tsutsugamushi disease']


abstract: The hippocampo-parahippocampal area (medial temporal lobe system: MTL) plays an important role on @entity1 memory. Its bilateral damage may produce selective and severe impairment of anterograde and retrograde episodic memory. Our MRI volumetric study of 5 cases of pure MTL @entity2730 secondary to herpes simplex @entity198 showed that degree of @entity2730 and recovery was significantly correlated with the volume of the remaining or functioning MTL. It has to be kept in mind that MTL is a part of a widely distributed memory system. Our functional imaging studies on verbal memory showed that one of the major @entity1 in this system is the frontal lobe. The most interesting finding in our studies is that the area and pattern of frontal activation changed according to the questions asked. For instance, in short term memory of verbal materials classical speech areas such as Broca's area was activated in conjunction with MTL. In long term verbal memory, activated areas shifted to areas anterior as well as superior to Broca's area. These data suggest that strategy of storing changes over time. Damage to bilateral MTL at an early life seems to impair acquisition of semantic memories such as language, and mathematics, as well as more general knowledge necessary for social life. However, detailed information on this important topic remains scanty.

title: [Hippocampo-parahippocampal area and its role on XXXX memory].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell numbers in above-ground meristems of plants are thought to be maintained by a feedback loop driven by perception of the glycopeptide ligand @entity30457 ( @entity30457 ) by the @entity24637 ( @entity24637 ) receptor kinase and the @entity3588 /CORYNE (CRN) receptor-like complex. @entity30457 produced in the stem cells at the meristem apex limits the expression level of the stem cell-promoting homeodomain protein @entity30456 ( @entity30456 ) in the cells beneath, where @entity24637 and @entity30456 RNA are localized. @entity30456 downregulation nonautonomously reduces stem cell proliferation. Overexpression of @entity30457 eliminates the stem cells, causing meristem termination, and loss of @entity30457 function allows meristem overproliferation. There are many questions regarding the @entity30457 / @entity24637 interaction, including where in the meristem it occurs, how it is regulated, and how it is that a large range of @entity30457 concentrations gives no meristem size phenotype. RESULTS: Here we use genetics and live imaging to examine the cell biology of @entity24637 in @entity958 meristematic tissue. We demonstrate that plasma membrane-localized @entity24637 is reduced in concentration by @entity30457 , which causes trafficking of @entity24637 to lytic vacuoles. We find that changes in @entity3588 activity have no detectable effects on @entity24637 levels. We also find that @entity30457 appears to diffuse broadly in meristems, contrary to a recent sequestration model. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a new model for @entity24637 function in plant stem cell maintenance and suggests that downregulation of plasma membrane-localized @entity24637 by its @entity30457 ligand can account for the buffering of @entity30457 signaling in the maintenance of stem cell pools in plants.

title: Plant stem cell signaling involves ligand-dependent trafficking of the XXXX receptor kinase.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity24637 :: (843915(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['CLAVATA1']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness and outcome of angiosome-oriented percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (IP-PTA) and its clinical outcome for isolated @entity75 in @entity6 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 70 @entity1 (82 limbs) with @entity6 who had localized disease at the level of the infrapopliteal artery. @entity1 underwent IP-PTA between January 2011 and December 2013 and were followed up for a mean of 13 months. The primary target arterial lesions were chosen according to the angiosome concept. We evaluated clinical findings, technical success, and @entity1 ' clinical outcome. The angiographic outcome of IP-PTA was assessed using the angiosome score. We analyzed the relationship between the angiosome score and the amputation rate. RESULTS: There were 69 anterior tibial artery (ATA) lesions, 70 posterior tibial artery (PTA) lesions, and 58 peroneal artery (PA) lesions. The primary target arteries were the ATA (n=43), PTA (n=26), PA (n=2), and ATA + PTA (n=11). We divided the treated limbs into target (n=63) and nontarget (n=19) groups. The overall initial technical success rate was 91.4%. Successful wound healing rates were 87.3% (55/63) and 47.3% (9/19) in the target and nontarget groups, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Angiosome-oriented primary targeted IP-PTA shows a highly effective treatment outcome in @entity6 . In cases with inadequate angioplastic results of the target artery, IP-PTA of the nontarget artery should be recommended to improve the limb salvage rates.

title: Clinical outcome of angiosome-oriented infrapopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for isolated XXXX in @entity1 with critical limb ischemia.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['infrapopliteal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic critical limb ischemia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['infrapopliteal lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness and outcome of angiosome-oriented percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (IP-PTA) and its clinical outcome for isolated @entity75 in @entity6 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 70 @entity1 (82 limbs) with @entity6 who had localized disease at the level of the infrapopliteal artery. @entity1 underwent IP-PTA between January 2011 and December 2013 and were followed up for a mean of 13 months. The primary target arterial lesions were chosen according to the angiosome concept. We evaluated clinical findings, technical success, and @entity1 ' clinical outcome. The angiographic outcome of IP-PTA was assessed using the angiosome score. We analyzed the relationship between the angiosome score and the amputation rate. RESULTS: There were 69 anterior tibial artery (ATA) lesions, 70 posterior tibial artery (PTA) lesions, and 58 peroneal artery (PA) lesions. The primary target arteries were the ATA (n=43), PTA (n=26), PA (n=2), and ATA + PTA (n=11). We divided the treated limbs into target (n=63) and nontarget (n=19) groups. The overall initial technical success rate was 91.4%. Successful wound healing rates were 87.3% (55/63) and 47.3% (9/19) in the target and nontarget groups, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Angiosome-oriented primary targeted IP-PTA shows a highly effective treatment outcome in @entity6 . In cases with inadequate angioplastic results of the target artery, IP-PTA of the nontarget artery should be recommended to improve the limb salvage rates.

title: Clinical outcome of angiosome-oriented infrapopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for isolated @entity75 in XXXX with critical limb ischemia.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This paper reviews literature about oocyte donation for @entity1 with @entity2689 and reports the experience of our center. Before contemplating pregnancy, it is essential to perform a careful evaluation of the cardiovascular system, the renal system, the thyroid status and the @entity413 tolerance. Different studies have reported a suboptimal response of the endometrium of @entity1 with @entity2689 to @entity2931 therapy, and suggested that higher doses of @entity172 may be necessary to achieve appropriate endometrial preparation. Pregnancy rate per transfer following oocyte donation is around 30% for @entity1 with @entity2689 , comparable to the one observed for @entity1 with other conditions requiring oocyte donation. Miscarriage rate is however higher (40-50%) after oocyte donation in @entity2689 , and could be related to the presence of a hypoplastic uterus along with hypovascularization. During pregnancy, @entity65 are potentially the most severe, such as the exacerbation of a preexisting @entity101 and the dissection of @entity449 . There is a high rate of Caesarean section among @entity2689 @entity1 , the main reason being fetopelvic disproportion. Regarding the increased obstetrical risks in @entity2689 @entity1 , the selective transfer of one embryo should ideally be performed in order to avoid additional risks associated with @entity2099 . In our center, 9 @entity1 with a @entity2689 had 15 cycles of oocyte donation. Five pregnancies were obtained among which three were evolutive. The outcome of oocyte donation cycles were comparable for @entity1 with a @entity2689 and for @entity1 with other indications of oocyte donation.

title: [ XXXX and oocyte donation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ["Turner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the work was to evaluate the incidence and @entity260 after radical exenteration of the axilla in conjunction with an implemented surgical operation. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Gynaecological and Obstetric Clinic, First Medical Faculty Charles University and General Faculty Hospital Prague, Apolin  rsk   18, Prague. METHOD: The authors made a retrospective analysis of @entity260 in 116 selected @entity1 , who underwent partial breast surgery or ablation of the breast with dissection of the axilla at the Gynaecological and Obstetric Clinic, First Medical Faculty Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague in 1994-2000 on account of @entity0 and II according to FIGO. The group comprised @entity1 where radiotherapy or chemotherapy of the axilla was not used. The @entity1 were at least 12 months after operation without signs of locoregional relapse of the disease and in the dissected axillary tissue at least 10 lymph nodes were found. The operations were implemented by nine different surgeons. Early ( @entity281 , haematoma) as well as late ( @entity4 , paraesthesia, @entity2693 , @entity158 , @entity425 ) complications were also evaluated. The authors compared the incidence of complaints in relation to age, the number of dissected nodes and extent of the breast surgery. The statistical significance of the phenomena was evaluated by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: At least one complication was recorded in 65% of the @entity1 . In early complications (haematoma, @entity281 ) neither the correlation with the @entity1 's age nor with the number of removed nodes was significant. There was a statistically significant relationship (P < 0.05) between the incidence of @entity281 and the extent of the breast surgery which probably was associated with the wound area. As to late complications ( @entity4 , paraesthesia, @entity2693 , @entity158 and @entity425 ) a significant relationship was found with lower @entity158 in @entity1 above 55 years (P < 0.05) and lower sensation of weakness and paraesthesias in @entity1 with partial breast operations (P < 0.05). The more frequent complaints of younger @entity1 were probably due to their greater everyday physical activity as compared with older @entity1 . The higher number of subjective complications in @entity1 after ablation of the breast is explained not only by the size of the wound area but also by psychosocial reasons. CONCLUSION: Dissection of the axilla is part of standard surgical treatment of @entity0 . The surgical operation without radio- or chemotherapy is associated in 65% cases with long-term morbidity of the @entity1 . With regard to the shift of diagnosis of @entity0 to earlier stages it is important to seek a less invasive staging method which will reduce the @entity1 's morbidity. The sentinel node biopsy method seems perspective.

title: [Complications of axillary dissection in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer stage I', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['type of postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness of the upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infection, seroma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painfulness']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1063 (NE) is a neuromodulator that can effect long-lasting changes in synaptic strength such as long-term potentiation (LTP), a putative cellular mechanism for memory formation in the @entity1 brain. Persistent LTP requires alterations in gene expression that may involve epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and histone phosphorylation. It is known that beta-adrenergic receptors and NE can boost LTP maintenance by regulating translation. However, it is unclear whether NE can additionally engage epigenetic mechanisms to regulate transcription and boost LTP endurance. To address this issue, we probed NE-treated @entity19 hippocampal slices with pharmacological inhibitors targeting epigenetic regulatory pathways and discovered that NE activates beta-adrenergic receptors to boost LTP maintenance in area @entity4778 through DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications. Specifically, NE paired with 100-Hz stimulation enhanced histone H3 acetylation and phosphorylation, both of which were required for NE-induced boosting of LTP maintenance. Together, our findings identify NE as a neuromodulatory transmitter capable of triggering epigenetic, transcriptional control of genes required for establishing persistent LTP in the @entity19 hippocampus. These modifications may contribute to the stabilization of memory. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX goes nuclear: Epigenetic modifications during long-lasting synaptic potentiation triggered by activation of beta-adrenergic receptors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['Norepinephrine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of @entity18039 (TB) on the growth performance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, intestinal morphology, energy status, disaccharidase activity, and antioxidative capacity of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 160 one-day-old Cobb broilers were allocated to 1 of 4 treatments, with 4 replicated pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. The experiment consisted of a 2*2 factorial arrangements of treatments with TB supplementation (0 or 500 mg/kg) and LPS challenge (0 or 500  g/kg body weight [BW]). On days 22, 24, and 26 of the trial, broilers received an intraperitoneal administration of 500  g/kg BW LPS or saline. Dietary TB showed no effect on growth performance. However, LPS challenge decreased the average daily gain of broilers from day 22 to day 26 of the trial. Dietary TB supplementation inhibited the increase of @entity1356 (in the jejunum and ileum), @entity650 (in the duodenum and jejunum), and @entity1421 (in the duodenum) of LPS-challenged broilers. Similar inhibitory effects of TB in the activities of total @entity842 synthase (in the ileum) and inducible @entity842 synthase (in the jejunum) were also observed in birds challenged with LPS. Additionally, TB supplementation mitigated the decrease of ileal @entity855 , @entity857 and total @entity1708 and the reduction of jejunal catalase activity induced by LPS. Taken together, these results suggest that the TB supplementation was able to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve the energy status and anti-oxidative capacity in the small intestine of LPS-challenged broilers.

title: Effects of XXXX on Intestinal Energy Status, Antioxidative Capacity and Immune Response to Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in Broilers.

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity18039 :: ('MESH:C005830', 'Chemical') :: ['tributyrin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity18039 :: (MESH:C005830,Chemical) :: ['Tributyrin']


abstract: A study was conducted using the ileal digestibility technique with grower-finisher @entity1707 to evaluate the effects of particle size reduction of @entity1460 meal (SBM) on @entity535 and energy digestibility. @entity1460 meal was processed through a hammer mill to achieve average particle sizes of 900, 600, 300, and 150 microm. The treatments included the use of two @entity1460 meal sources and soy protein concentrate. One source of SBM was ground to four different particle sizes (i.e., 949, 600, 389, 185); a second source was a common SBM source used in other trials (i.e., 800 microm). The soy protein concentrate had an average particle size of 385 microm. A low-protein (5% casein) diet was fed to determine endogenous @entity535 losses. This experiment was conducted in a 7 x 7 Latin Square design in two replicates using 14 crossbred barrows ([Landrace x Yorkshire] x Duroc) that averaged 28 kg BW and 60 d of age. Animals were surgically fitted with a @entity1619 at the distal ileum. Treatment diets were fed in meal form, initially at 0.09 kg BW(0.75) and at graded increases at each subsequent period. @entity1707 within replicate were fed a constant quantity of their treatment diet for a 5-d adjustment period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta samples. Apparent and true digestibility of @entity1522 was calculated by use of @entity6213 (0.5%) as an indigestible marker. Apparent digestibility of @entity6778 , @entity1853 , @entity815 , and @entity4857 increased linearly (P < 0.05) as particle size decreased. True digestibility of @entity6778 , @entity1853 , @entity815 , and @entity4857 increased linearly (P < 0.05) as particle size decreased. When the essential @entity1522 were averaged, apparent digestibility increased (P < 0.10) from 83.5% to 84.9% as particle size decreased, whereas, nonessential @entity535 digestibility increased only slightly (P > 0.15). Essential @entity535 true digestibility increased numerically from 91.0% to 92.4% as particle size decreased. Energy digestibility was not affected by particle size (P > 0.15). These results suggest that a reduction in particle size of @entity1460 meal resulted in a small increase in the digestibility of its @entity1522 with the essential @entity1522 being affected more than the nonessential @entity1522 . The largest improvement in digestibility, however, was obtained when the particle size was reduced to 600 microm.

title: Effect of XXXX meal particle size on @entity535 and energy digestibility in grower-finisher @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6213 :: ('MESH:C023600', 'Chemical') :: ['chromic oxide']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['Soybean', 'soybean']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: A study was conducted using the ileal digestibility technique with grower-finisher @entity1707 to evaluate the effects of particle size reduction of @entity1460 meal (SBM) on @entity535 and energy digestibility. @entity1460 meal was processed through a hammer mill to achieve average particle sizes of 900, 600, 300, and 150 microm. The treatments included the use of two @entity1460 meal sources and soy protein concentrate. One source of SBM was ground to four different particle sizes (i.e., 949, 600, 389, 185); a second source was a common SBM source used in other trials (i.e., 800 microm). The soy protein concentrate had an average particle size of 385 microm. A low-protein (5% casein) diet was fed to determine endogenous @entity535 losses. This experiment was conducted in a 7 x 7 Latin Square design in two replicates using 14 crossbred barrows ([Landrace x Yorkshire] x Duroc) that averaged 28 kg BW and 60 d of age. Animals were surgically fitted with a @entity1619 at the distal ileum. Treatment diets were fed in meal form, initially at 0.09 kg BW(0.75) and at graded increases at each subsequent period. @entity1707 within replicate were fed a constant quantity of their treatment diet for a 5-d adjustment period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta samples. Apparent and true digestibility of @entity1522 was calculated by use of @entity6213 (0.5%) as an indigestible marker. Apparent digestibility of @entity6778 , @entity1853 , @entity815 , and @entity4857 increased linearly (P < 0.05) as particle size decreased. True digestibility of @entity6778 , @entity1853 , @entity815 , and @entity4857 increased linearly (P < 0.05) as particle size decreased. When the essential @entity1522 were averaged, apparent digestibility increased (P < 0.10) from 83.5% to 84.9% as particle size decreased, whereas, nonessential @entity535 digestibility increased only slightly (P > 0.15). Essential @entity535 true digestibility increased numerically from 91.0% to 92.4% as particle size decreased. Energy digestibility was not affected by particle size (P > 0.15). These results suggest that a reduction in particle size of @entity1460 meal resulted in a small increase in the digestibility of its @entity1522 with the essential @entity1522 being affected more than the nonessential @entity1522 . The largest improvement in digestibility, however, was obtained when the particle size was reduced to 600 microm.

title: Effect of @entity1460 meal particle size on XXXX and energy digestibility in grower-finisher @entity1707 .

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: A study was conducted using the ileal digestibility technique with grower-finisher @entity1707 to evaluate the effects of particle size reduction of @entity1460 meal (SBM) on @entity535 and energy digestibility. @entity1460 meal was processed through a hammer mill to achieve average particle sizes of 900, 600, 300, and 150 microm. The treatments included the use of two @entity1460 meal sources and soy protein concentrate. One source of SBM was ground to four different particle sizes (i.e., 949, 600, 389, 185); a second source was a common SBM source used in other trials (i.e., 800 microm). The soy protein concentrate had an average particle size of 385 microm. A low-protein (5% casein) diet was fed to determine endogenous @entity535 losses. This experiment was conducted in a 7 x 7 Latin Square design in two replicates using 14 crossbred barrows ([Landrace x Yorkshire] x Duroc) that averaged 28 kg BW and 60 d of age. Animals were surgically fitted with a @entity1619 at the distal ileum. Treatment diets were fed in meal form, initially at 0.09 kg BW(0.75) and at graded increases at each subsequent period. @entity1707 within replicate were fed a constant quantity of their treatment diet for a 5-d adjustment period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta samples. Apparent and true digestibility of @entity1522 was calculated by use of @entity6213 (0.5%) as an indigestible marker. Apparent digestibility of @entity6778 , @entity1853 , @entity815 , and @entity4857 increased linearly (P < 0.05) as particle size decreased. True digestibility of @entity6778 , @entity1853 , @entity815 , and @entity4857 increased linearly (P < 0.05) as particle size decreased. When the essential @entity1522 were averaged, apparent digestibility increased (P < 0.10) from 83.5% to 84.9% as particle size decreased, whereas, nonessential @entity535 digestibility increased only slightly (P > 0.15). Essential @entity535 true digestibility increased numerically from 91.0% to 92.4% as particle size decreased. Energy digestibility was not affected by particle size (P > 0.15). These results suggest that a reduction in particle size of @entity1460 meal resulted in a small increase in the digestibility of its @entity1522 with the essential @entity1522 being affected more than the nonessential @entity1522 . The largest improvement in digestibility, however, was obtained when the particle size was reduced to 600 microm.

title: Effect of @entity1460 meal particle size on @entity535 and energy digestibility in grower-finisher XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: In a 10-year period, 108 unstable @entity174 involving the thoracolumbar junction (T11 to L2) were treated. This study evaluates the influence of the different treatments on the rate of complication, reduction of the @entity174 , and neurological recovery. METHODS: mechanism of injury, initial treatment and delay, @entity51 , operative findings, and duration of hospitalization were recorded. X-rays were reviewed for classification of @entity174 , measurement of deformity, and for instability scoring according to @entity62 . Seventy-seven @entity1 were examined and nine more interviewed by telephone. RESULTS: a @entity717 occurred in 65% and a @entity174 in 29%. A laminectomy was performed in 30 @entity1 and Harrington instrumentation and fusion in 71 @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 were treated conservatively. Fifty-five @entity1 presented either a complete or partial @entity51 . Seventy-five complications were noted and were more frequent in the laminectomy group. The instrumented group showed a clear tendency for earlier ambulation and discharge and @entity158 level was found to be less. An @entity85 was found in @entity1 treated by laminectomy, short fusion, and by nonsurgical modality. The neurologic recovery in the laminectomy and the nonlaminectomy group was not significantly different. Spinal realignment was better in the group where an instrumentation of five levels or more was performed and where posterior elements were not removed by laminectomy.

title: Unstable XXXX of the thoracolumbar spine: a 10-year experience at Sacr  -Coeur Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'burst-fracture']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['flexion-rotation injury']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ["White and Panjabi's criteria"]

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['increased residual deformity']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miR) has been proved to be an important biomarker for @entity5 because it can regulate occurrence, progression, invasion, and @entity3 of @entity5 . A previous study has shown the involvement of @entity26607 in multiple @entity1820 . Its detailed role and immune regulatory function in @entity189 , however, remains unknown. This study thus investigated the effect of @entity26607 in regulating growth, proliferation, and invasion of @entity5 and its influence on cytokine secretion. MATERIAL AND METHODS @entity189 cell line EC9706 and normal esophageal epithelial cell line HEEC were transfected with @entity26607 inhibitor. @entity98 assay was used to quantify the cell proliferation, and a Transwell chamber was used to evaluate cell invasion. Release of cytokines, including @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), @entity3646 , @entity688 , and @entity379 ( @entity379 ), was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS @entity26607 expression was significantly elevated in @entity189 cells (p<0.05). The specific inhibition of @entity26607 expression remarkably suppressed proliferation and invasion of @entity5 cells. It can also down-regulated @entity1199 and @entity379 expression and facilitate secretion of @entity3646 and @entity688 when compared to the control group (p<0.05 in all ceases). CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of @entity26607 can effectively inhibit @entity5 progression and improve immune function, suggesting its potency as a novel drug target for @entity5 treatment.

title: Effect of XXXX Down-Regulation on Growth and Invasion of @entity189 and Related Immune Function.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'esophagus cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['esophagus carcinoma', 'Esophagus carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity26607 :: (574506,Gene) :: ['miR-503']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miR) has been proved to be an important biomarker for @entity5 because it can regulate occurrence, progression, invasion, and @entity3 of @entity5 . A previous study has shown the involvement of @entity26607 in multiple @entity1820 . Its detailed role and immune regulatory function in @entity189 , however, remains unknown. This study thus investigated the effect of @entity26607 in regulating growth, proliferation, and invasion of @entity5 and its influence on cytokine secretion. MATERIAL AND METHODS @entity189 cell line EC9706 and normal esophageal epithelial cell line HEEC were transfected with @entity26607 inhibitor. @entity98 assay was used to quantify the cell proliferation, and a Transwell chamber was used to evaluate cell invasion. Release of cytokines, including @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), @entity3646 , @entity688 , and @entity379 ( @entity379 ), was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS @entity26607 expression was significantly elevated in @entity189 cells (p<0.05). The specific inhibition of @entity26607 expression remarkably suppressed proliferation and invasion of @entity5 cells. It can also down-regulated @entity1199 and @entity379 expression and facilitate secretion of @entity3646 and @entity688 when compared to the control group (p<0.05 in all ceases). CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of @entity26607 can effectively inhibit @entity5 progression and improve immune function, suggesting its potency as a novel drug target for @entity5 treatment.

title: Effect of @entity26607 Down-Regulation on Growth and Invasion of XXXX and Related Immune Function.

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Esophagus Carcinoma']


abstract: We have reviewed, retrospectively, all @entity1 with a @entity6250 who underwent an acute correction and lengthening with a monolateral fixator between 1987 and 1996. The @entity1 were all under the age of 19 years and had a minimum follow-up of eight months after removal of the fixator. A total of 41 @entity1 had 57 corrections and lengthening. Their mean age was 11.3 years (3.2 to 18.7) and there were 23 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 . The mean maximum correction in any one plane was 23 degrees (7 to 45). In 41 bony segments (either femur or @entity2091 ) a uniplanar correction was made while various combinations were carried out in 16. The site of the osteotomy was predominantly diaphyseal, at a mean of 47% (17% to 73%) of the total bone length and the mean length gained was 6.4 cm (1.0 to 17.0). Univariate analysis identified a moderately strong relationship between the bone healing index (BHI), length gained, maximum correction and grade-II to grade-III complications. For logistic regression analysis the @entity1 were binary coded into two groups; those with a good outcome (BHI < or = 45 days/cm) and those with a poor outcome (BHI > 45 days/cm). Various factors which may influence the outcome were then analysed by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. This analysis suggested a dose response between increasing angular correction and poor BHI which only reached statistical significance for corrections of larger magnitude. Longer lengthenings were associated with a better BHI while age and the actual bone lengthened had little effect. Those @entity1 with a maximum angulatory correction of less than 30 degrees in any one plane had an acceptable consolidation time with few major complications. The technique is suitable for @entity85 and @entity3207 , but should be used with care in the @entity2091 since the risk of a @entity2054 or neurapraxia is much greater.

title: Acute correction of XXXX and simultaneous lengthening with a monolateral fixator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb deformity']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['femoral deformity']

answer: @entity6250 :: (MESH:D038061,Disease) :: ['lower limb deformity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : Although safe, recent clinical trials using autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood cells to treat @entity583 ( @entity583 ) show controversial results. These discrepancies are likely caused by factors such as aging, systemic @entity32 , and cell processing procedures, all of which might impair the regenerative capability of the cells used. Here, we tested whether injection of @entity1 cord blood mononuclear cells (CB-MNCs) combined with hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel improves cell therapy efficacy in a @entity1707 @entity583 model. A total of 34 minipigs were divided into 5 groups: sham operation (Sham), surgically induced- @entity583 plus injection with normal saline ( @entity583 +NS), HA only ( @entity583 +HA), CB-MNC only ( @entity583 +CB-MNC), or CB-MNC combined with HA ( @entity583 +CB-MNC/HA). Two months after the surgery, injection of @entity583 +CB-MNC/HA showed the highest left ventricle ejection fraction (51.32%    0.81%) compared with @entity583 +NS (42.87%    0.97%, p < .001), @entity583 +HA (44.2%    0.63%, p < .001), and @entity583 +CB-MNC (46.17%    0.39%, p < .001) groups. The hemodynamics data showed that @entity583 +CB-MNC/HA improved the systolic function (+dp/dt) and diastolic function (-dp/dt) as opposed to the other experimental groups, of which the CB-MNC alone group only modestly improved the systolic function (+dp/dt). In addition, CB-MNC alone or combined with HA injection significantly decreased the scar area and promoted angiogenesis in the infarcted region. Together, these results indicate that combined CB-MNC and HA treatment improves heart performance and may be a promising treatment for @entity741 . SIGNIFICANCE: This study using healthy @entity1 cord blood mononuclear cells (CB-MNCs) to treat @entity583 provides preclinical evidence that combined injection of hyaluronan and @entity1 CB-MNCs after @entity583 significantly increases cell retention in the peri- @entity1188 area, improves cardiac performance, and prevents @entity299 . Moreover, using healthy cells to replace dysfunctional autologous cells may constitute a better strategy to achieve heart repair and regeneration.

title: Injection of @entity1 Cord Blood Cells With Hyaluronan Improves Postinfarction Cardiac Repair in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pigs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: : Although safe, recent clinical trials using autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood cells to treat @entity583 ( @entity583 ) show controversial results. These discrepancies are likely caused by factors such as aging, systemic @entity32 , and cell processing procedures, all of which might impair the regenerative capability of the cells used. Here, we tested whether injection of @entity1 cord blood mononuclear cells (CB-MNCs) combined with hyaluronan (HA) hydrogel improves cell therapy efficacy in a @entity1707 @entity583 model. A total of 34 minipigs were divided into 5 groups: sham operation (Sham), surgically induced- @entity583 plus injection with normal saline ( @entity583 +NS), HA only ( @entity583 +HA), CB-MNC only ( @entity583 +CB-MNC), or CB-MNC combined with HA ( @entity583 +CB-MNC/HA). Two months after the surgery, injection of @entity583 +CB-MNC/HA showed the highest left ventricle ejection fraction (51.32%    0.81%) compared with @entity583 +NS (42.87%    0.97%, p < .001), @entity583 +HA (44.2%    0.63%, p < .001), and @entity583 +CB-MNC (46.17%    0.39%, p < .001) groups. The hemodynamics data showed that @entity583 +CB-MNC/HA improved the systolic function (+dp/dt) and diastolic function (-dp/dt) as opposed to the other experimental groups, of which the CB-MNC alone group only modestly improved the systolic function (+dp/dt). In addition, CB-MNC alone or combined with HA injection significantly decreased the scar area and promoted angiogenesis in the infarcted region. Together, these results indicate that combined CB-MNC and HA treatment improves heart performance and may be a promising treatment for @entity741 . SIGNIFICANCE: This study using healthy @entity1 cord blood mononuclear cells (CB-MNCs) to treat @entity583 provides preclinical evidence that combined injection of hyaluronan and @entity1 CB-MNCs after @entity583 significantly increases cell retention in the peri- @entity1188 area, improves cardiac performance, and prevents @entity299 . Moreover, using healthy cells to replace dysfunctional autologous cells may constitute a better strategy to achieve heart repair and regeneration.

title: Injection of XXXX Cord Blood Cells With Hyaluronan Improves Postinfarction Cardiac Repair in @entity1707 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Managing cervical lymph node @entity3 in @entity259 with either "berry picking" (BP) or anatomic neck dissection (AND) has not been shown to alter survival. Nevertheless local control of @entity259 is important. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the local recurrence rate of @entity259 is equivalent with BP versus AND. A retrospective analysis revealed 41 @entity1 with @entity259 and cervical node @entity3 seen by a single surgeon from 1985 to 2002. A total of 83 initial and repeat neck operations were performed (nine BPs, 30 central neck dissections, and 44 modified radical neck dissections). Recurrence of @entity5 , intervention for recurrence, and complications of the BP and AND groups were evaluated. All nine (100%) @entity1 undergoing a limited BP operation had local recurrence of @entity5 . Only three of the 32 (9%) @entity1 undergoing an initial formal neck operation had local recurrence of @entity5 . The recurrences after BP (100%) were significantly greater than the recurrences after AND (9%) (P < 0.001). The incidence of surgical complications with BP and AND was not different. Six of 32 (19%) initial formal neck dissection @entity1 and four of nine (44%) BP @entity1 had surgical complications. We conclude that BP is associated with greater local recurrence of @entity259 . @entity1 with nodal @entity3 should be managed with ANDs.

title: Greater local recurrence occurs with "berry picking" than neck dissection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['well-differentiated thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']