abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the number of @entity1 that taper or discontinue concomitant @entity1499 ( @entity6822 ) in daily practice in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) treated with @entity5 necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) and to analyse the effects of that adaption on disease activity and drug survival. METHODS: Data were collected from the Dutch @entity309 Monitoring (DREAM) registry. @entity1 who started their first TNFi were included in the study. Treatment effectiveness after @entity6822 tapering or discontinuation was analysed using Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28). Drug survival of the TNFi was analysed using the Cox proportional hazard model with a time-dependent covariate. RESULTS: In 458 @entity1 (34%), @entity6822 was tapered, 126 @entity1 (10%) discontinued @entity6822 and 747 @entity1 (56%) continued @entity6822 at the same dose. On average, DAS28 improved after tapering @entity6822 (-0.40, -0.45) and after stopping @entity6822 (-0.28, -0.12) at 6 and 12   months. In the taper group, 21% of the @entity1 relapsed (DAS28 increase >0.6), and in the discontinuation group this was 21% and 24% at 6 and 12   months, respectively. @entity1 who taper and discontinue @entity6822 have a similar DAS28 score over time as @entity1 who continue @entity6822 . Moreover, there was no influence of tapering or discontinuation of @entity6822 on long-term drug survival of TNFi. CONCLUSIONS: In daily practice, tapering or discontinuation of concomitant @entity6822 in @entity1 with @entity309 treated with TNFi frequently occurs and it does not seem to influence the average DAS28 over time or the long-term TNFi drug survival. It appears that in daily clinical practice the correct @entity1 are selected to taper or discontinue @entity6822 .

title: Tapering and discontinuation of @entity1499 in XXXX with @entity309 treated with TNF inhibitors: data from the DREAM registry.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1031 following shoulder arthroscopy is considered an uncommon complication, with fewer than 50 cases reported in the literature. Arthroscopy of the shoulder is one of the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedures, with low associated risks. PURPOSE: To identify potential risk factors for the development of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) following shoulder arthroscopy and to determine the overall incidence of this complication. STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: A retrospective case-control review was performed of @entity1 who developed symptomatic @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) following shoulder arthroscopy. Multiple surgeons from across North America were queried. For every case of @entity1150 or @entity1151 identified, 2 control cases of shoulder arthroscopy were analyzed. The incidence of @entity1150 / @entity1151 following shoulder arthroscopy was determined. A univariate analysis and a multivariate logistic regression model were conducted to identify any potential risk factors for the development of @entity1211 following shoulder arthroscopy. RESULTS: A total of 17 surgeons participated in this study and had performed a total of 15,033 cases of shoulder arthroscopy from September 2002 through August 2011. Eleven of the 17 participating surgeons had had a @entity1 with a @entity1211 complication during this time frame. The incidence of @entity1211 in the 15,033 cases was 0.15%; 22 @entity1 of the 15,033 @entity1 had a @entity1150 (n = 15) and/or @entity1151 (n = 8). Forty-four control cases were also analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. No significant risk factors were identified other than @entity1 positioning. All cases and controls were positioned in the beach-chair position for surgery. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that although rare, @entity1211 occurs following shoulder arthroscopy at a rate of 0.15%. The variables analyzed in the cases of @entity1211 compared with the control cases did not show any significant risk factors. All cases were positioned in the beach-chair position. Further analysis of future cases is warranted.

title: XXXX Following Shoulder Arthroscopy: A Retrospective Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['Thromboembolism']


abstract: Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty for @entity4794 represents an alternative to surgical treatment. The reported increases in valve orifice area vary with values from 0.6 to 2.03 cm2 over a wide range. This study was undertaken to evaluate our own results and to determine if factors could be identified which may exert an influence on the outcome of the procedure. Additionally, to evaluate this new method of treatment, the pressure-flow relationship at rest and during exercise after valvuloplasty was compared with that observed after mitral valve commissurotomy or mitral valve replacement. In 25 @entity1 with moderately-severe to severe @entity4794 , mean age 56 +/- 11 years, mean valve orifice area 1.1 +/- 0.37 cm2, 52% with preexistent regurgitation, antegrade percutaneous, transvalvular valvuloplasty was carried out. Diagnostic catheterization was performed immediately prior to and after the procedure. Two concurrent groups of @entity1 were analyzed for the purpose of comparison: 26 consecutive @entity1 who underwent mitral valve commissurotomy with a comparable valve orifice area of 1.13 +/- 0.39 cm2 of whom 31% had a regurgitant component; and 37 consecutive @entity1 who had valve replacement mostly with a Bj  rk-Shiley prosthesis (M 29, 31, 33), mean age 52 +/- 8 years, comparable valve orifice area of 1.1 +/- 0.37 cm2 and a regurgitant component in 65%. Dilatation of the valve was carried out after transseptal catheterization with the use of an 8F Mullins sheath introducing a 7F balloon-tipped catheter (Critikon) via the left atrium, the left ventricle and into the descending aorta through which a 300 cm long 0.035" guidewire was advanced. By means of a retrieval catheter introduced via the femoral artery into the descending aorta, the guidewire was exteriorated via the femoral artery. After dilatation of the septum with a 9F dilatation catheter with a balloon of 8 mm diameter, a 10F or 12F dilatation catheter (Trefoil 3 X 12 mm or Bifoil 2 X 19 mm) (Schneider-Shiley) was advanced transseptally and the balloons positioned at the level of the mitral valve. The balloons were inflated with a pressure averaging 3.6 + 0.65 atmospheres (2-4.7 atm) and a mean duration of 27 +/- 8 s (16 to 45 s) on the average 3.9 +/- 1.6 times (1 to 9X) until disappearance or widening of the hour-glass waist of the balloon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Balloon valvuloplasty in XXXX . Hemodynamic results, influencing factors and comparison with surgical procedures].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) and labral tears are common causes of @entity158 that are often not promptly or properly diagnosed. To our knowledge, no reports have defined the time and cost of diagnosis of labral tears associated with @entity1743 . HYPOTHESIS: @entity1 with labral tears associated with @entity1743 undergo extraneous diagnostic testing and @entity158 and incur a significant amount of health care costs before they receive appropriate surgical management for their pathology. STUDY DESIGN: Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: A total of 78 @entity1 diagnosed with symptomatic @entity1743 were surveyed. A standardized questionnaire asked @entity1 about time to diagnosis, symptoms, health care providers visited, imaging tests, and treatments prior to diagnosis. Costs were calculated based on 2012 national Medicare data. RESULTS: @entity1 in the cohort saw an average of 4.0 health care providers, had an average of 3.4 diagnostic imaging tests, and tried an average of 3.1 treatments prior to diagnosis. The average total amount spent per @entity1 prior to diagnosis was US 2456.97. The calculated minimum cost of diagnosis, including a visit to an orthopaedic surgeon as well as an anteroposterior pelvis and lateral hip radiograph and 1 magnetic resonance arthrogram, was US 690.62. The average duration between onset of symptoms and diagnosis of labral tear was 32.0 months. CONCLUSION: The average amount of health care dollars spent per @entity1 prior to receiving a diagnosis of acetabular labral tear was US 1766.35 higher than the calculated minimum cost. This figure is based on Medicare payment amounts, which may significantly underestimate the actual charges at many hospitals, thereby increasing the total cost of diagnosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The costs and @entity158 associated with this time, along with the potential long-term degradation of the hip joint, make it important for all health care professionals to recognize and appropriately manage or refer the @entity1 .

title: Time and Cost of Diagnosis for Symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['Femoroacetabular impingement', 'FAI']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1743 :: (MESH:D057925,Disease) :: ['Femoroacetabular Impingement']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8445 reduces plasma @entity1674 and raises high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) in adults and also reduces the incidence of @entity65 in adults. Its efficacy in improving lipid abnormalities has not been evaluated in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate whether @entity8445 would lower @entity1674 and raise HDL-C with minimal adverse effects in a pediatric population with @entity209 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 47 pediatric @entity1 with @entity209 who started @entity8445 treatment, 1200 mg/day because of failure or lack of interest in therapeutic lifestyle changes. Eligibility required @entity1 to be younger than 21 years of age, and have pretreatment and on-treatment fasting lipid profiles. Data recorded included age at start of treatment, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, total plasma @entity165 , HDL, low-density lipoprotein, @entity1674 , @entity493 aminotransferase, and @entity492 aminotransferase. Treatment duration was elapsed time between starting @entity8445 and the last clinic visit. RESULTS: Average age of the study cohort was 14 years and mean duration on medication was 249 days. Those @entity1 who had pretreatment and on-treatment plasma lipid data (33 of 47) were included in an analysis for efficacy. All 47 @entity1 were monitored for safety. Mean @entity1674 decreased by 57%: 426 (standard error of mean = 33.6) to 184 mg/dL (standard error of mean = 19) (P < 0.0001). Mean HDL increased by 20%: 35 to 42 mg/dL (P < 0.001). Body composition changes were insignificant, indicating that the lipid changes can be attributed to @entity8445 . Two of forty-seven @entity1 reported @entity925 from the drug, one of whom was considered to have had a possible adverse effect from the medication as indicated by @entity925 . CONCLUSION: @entity8445 significantly lowers @entity1674 and raises HDL with reasonable safety in a pediatric population with @entity209 .

title: A pilot study in the efficacy and safety of XXXX in a pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity8445 :: ('MESH:D015248', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemfibrozil', 'gemfibrozil']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular endpoints']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity8445 :: (MESH:D015248,Chemical) :: ['gemfibrozil']


abstract: Prevalence of @entity2316 varies in different racial groups, being especially high in communities that have abandoned an active traditional living and embraced a modern but sedentary life-style. As a new and rapidly developing country, Saudi Arabia has witnessed impressive changes in socio-economic growth and development and concurrently, a disturbing trend in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). These observations therefore prompted us to investigate the prevalence of microalbuminuria among Saudi Arabians with @entity2175 . Two hundred and eleven @entity1 attending a large @entity6 Clinic in Riyadh were screened for microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24 h). Twenty-seven subjects had clinical @entity644 (dipstick-positive) and were excluded, leaving 184 cases for analysis. Seventy-six subjects (76/184, 41.3%) had microalbuminuria. These subjects had higher fasting plasma @entity413 concentrations (P = 0.002) and greater body mass index (P = 0.049) than subjects with normal albumin excretion rate (< 30 mg/24 h). There were no significant differences between subjects with and without microalbuminuria with regards to fasting total plasma @entity165 and @entity1674 concentrations, frequency of @entity101 , duration of @entity6 or type of therapy for @entity6 . In multivariate analysis, glycaemia (P < 0.005) and years since diagnosis of @entity6 (P = 0.05) remained independently associated with albumin excretion rate. We conclude that microalbuminuria is exceedingly common in a clinic-based population of Saudi Arabians with @entity2175 and its presence is closely related to glycaemic control. Whether the prevalence of microalbuminuria is truly increased in the @entity6 population at large in Saudi Arabia must now await further population-based studies.

title: Prevalence of microalbuminuria in Saudi Arabians with XXXX : a clinic-based study.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Individuals exhibiting an @entity148 are believed to possess an innate vulnerability that makes them susceptible to the disorder. @entity148 are also associated with abnormalities in the interconnected brain regions of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the link between @entity148 is currently unclear. Accordingly, the present study sought to determine if innate dysfunction within the amygdala to PFC projection underlies the susceptibility to develop @entity148 -like behavior, using an @entity148 vulnerable rodent model. The inbred @entity35 Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 was used to model vulnerability, as this strain naturally expresses extinction-resistant avoidance; a behavior that models the symptom of avoidance present in @entity148 . Synaptic plasticity was assessed within the projection from the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) to the prelimbic cortical subdivision of the PFC in WKY and Sprague Dawley (SD) @entity35 . While WKY @entity35 exhibited normal paired-pulse plasticity, they did not maintain long-term potentiation (LTP) as SD @entity35 . Thus, impaired plasticity within the BLA-PL cortex projection may contribute to extinction resistant avoidance of WKY, as lesions of the PL cortex in SD @entity35 impaired extinction of avoidance similar to WKY @entity35 . Treatment with @entity12210 to reverse the impaired LTP in WKY @entity35 was unsuccessful. The lack of LTP in WKY @entity35 was associated with a significant reduction of @entity3391 receptors containing @entity4476 subunits in the PL cortex. Thus, dysfunction in amygdala-PFC plasticity is innate in @entity148 vulnerable @entity35 and may promote extinction-resistant avoidance by disrupting communication between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex.

title: Dysfunction in amygdala-prefrontal plasticity and extinction-resistant avoidance: A model for XXXX vulnerability.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety vulnerability and amygdala-PFC dysfunction', 'anxiety disorder', 'anxiety', 'Anxiety disorders', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity12210 :: ('CHEBI:74159', 'Chemical') :: ['d-cycloserine']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several epidemiological studies have reported an increased risk of @entity565 among professional cleaners. To date, however, no analysis of large @entity1 series from clinic of occupational medicine has been published. AIMS: To describe the cases of @entity7446 ( @entity7446 ) diagnosed at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH) during the period 1994-2004 in workers employed in professional cleaning work. METHODS: @entity7446 was diagnosed according to @entity1 history, lung function examinations and specific challenge tests with measurements of the forced expiratory volume in 1 second and peak expiratory flow values. RESULTS: Our series comprised 20 @entity1 , all female, with a mean age of 48.8 years (range 27-60 years). The mean duration of cleaning work before the onset of the respiratory symptoms was 14.3 years (range 1-36 years), and the mean duration of cleaning work before the FIOH examinations was 18.6 years (range 3-38 years). @entity7446 was triggered by chemicals in 9 cases (45%) and by moulds in 11 cases (55%). The chemicals were cleaning chemicals (wax-removing substances containing @entity54144 in five cases and a cleaning agent containing @entity8013 -T in one case) and chemicals used in the industrial processes at workplaces (three cases). Of the moulds, the most frequently associated with @entity7446 was @entity54 (nine cases). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7446 was attributed not only to cleaning chemicals but also to other chemicals used in work environments. Moulds are presented as a new cause of @entity7446 in cleaners.

title: Occupational XXXX in professional cleaning work: a clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8013 :: ('MESH:C030816', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramine']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'occupational asthma']

entities_list: @entity54144 :: ('MESH:D004983', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamines']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies of the mortality and renal outcomes among the population with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) and among the elderly are limited, especially in developing countries. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 1563 residents aged 59.5    9.4 years from an urban district of Beijing, China. All @entity1 had an eGFR >30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and eGFR were assessed at baseline, and their relation with mortality and renal function decline after a 4-year follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: During 4 years (6142 @entity1 -years) of follow-up, 59 @entity204 occurred (9.6 per 1000 @entity1 -years). After adjusting for potential confounders, @entity633 was associated with increased risk of mortality, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53-6.26]. Altogether 183 @entity1 (12.3%) developed renal function decline, with a median change of eGFR of -20.0 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). Presence of @entity633 was significantly associated renal function decline, with an OR of 1.79 (95% CI 1.02-3.15). Plasma @entity414 (OR = 1.25/59  mol/L increase, 95% CI 1.10-1.43) and age (OR = 1.35/5 years increase, 95% CI 1.22-1.50) was also independently associated with renal function decline. Baseline eGFR was not significantly associated with either mortality or renal function decline in our analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with eGFR, @entity633 is a strong independent predictor for both mortality and renal function decline among a Chinese population with normal or mildly @entity8 . Furthermore, plasma @entity414 level and age are also independently associated with renal function decline and therefore may be used for identifying @entity1 at higher risk of @entity740 progression.

title: Mortality and renal function decline among a community-based Chinese population with normal or mildly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['impaired renal function']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between probenecid and @entity6652 (the active metabolite of @entity208 ) in @entity1 with @entity210 . METHODS: This was an open-label observational clinical study. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure @entity6652 and urate concentrations. We examined the effects of adding probenecid to @entity208 therapy upon plasma concentrations and renal clearances of urate and @entity6652 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 taking @entity208 100-400 mg daily completed the study. Maximum coadministered doses of probenecid were 250 mg/day (n = 1), 500 mg/day (n = 19), 1000 mg/day (n = 7), 1500 mg/day (n = 3), and 2000 mg/day (n = 1). All doses except the 250 mg daily dose were divided and dosing was twice daily. Estimated @entity1011 clearances ranged from 28 to 113 ml/min. Addition of probenecid 500 mg/day to @entity208 therapy decreased plasma urate concentrations by 25%, from mean 0.37 mmol/l (95% CI 0.33-0.41) to mean 0.28 mmol/l (95% CI 0.24-0.32) (p < 0.001); and increased renal urate clearance by 62%, from mean 6.0 ml/min (95% CI 4.5-7.5) to mean 9.6 ml/min (95% CI 6.9-12.3) (p < 0.001). Average steady-state plasma @entity6652 concentrations decreased by 26%, from mean 11.1 mg/l (95% CI 5.0-17.3) to mean 8.2 mg/l (95% CI 4.0-12.4) (p < 0.001); and renal @entity6652 clearance increased by 24%, from mean 12.7 ml/min (95% CI 9.6-15.8) to mean 16.1 ml/min (95% CI 12.0-20.2) (p < 0.05). The additional hypouricemic effect of probenecid 500 mg/day appeared to be lower in @entity1 with @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Coadministration of @entity208 with probenecid had a significantly greater hypouricemic effect than @entity208 alone despite an associated reduction of plasma @entity6652 concentrations. Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012606000276550.

title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between XXXX and probenecid in @entity1 with @entity210 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity6652 :: ('MESH:D010117', 'Chemical') :: ['oxypurinol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['allopurinol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between probenecid and @entity6652 (the active metabolite of @entity208 ) in @entity1 with @entity210 . METHODS: This was an open-label observational clinical study. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure @entity6652 and urate concentrations. We examined the effects of adding probenecid to @entity208 therapy upon plasma concentrations and renal clearances of urate and @entity6652 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 taking @entity208 100-400 mg daily completed the study. Maximum coadministered doses of probenecid were 250 mg/day (n = 1), 500 mg/day (n = 19), 1000 mg/day (n = 7), 1500 mg/day (n = 3), and 2000 mg/day (n = 1). All doses except the 250 mg daily dose were divided and dosing was twice daily. Estimated @entity1011 clearances ranged from 28 to 113 ml/min. Addition of probenecid 500 mg/day to @entity208 therapy decreased plasma urate concentrations by 25%, from mean 0.37 mmol/l (95% CI 0.33-0.41) to mean 0.28 mmol/l (95% CI 0.24-0.32) (p < 0.001); and increased renal urate clearance by 62%, from mean 6.0 ml/min (95% CI 4.5-7.5) to mean 9.6 ml/min (95% CI 6.9-12.3) (p < 0.001). Average steady-state plasma @entity6652 concentrations decreased by 26%, from mean 11.1 mg/l (95% CI 5.0-17.3) to mean 8.2 mg/l (95% CI 4.0-12.4) (p < 0.001); and renal @entity6652 clearance increased by 24%, from mean 12.7 ml/min (95% CI 9.6-15.8) to mean 16.1 ml/min (95% CI 12.0-20.2) (p < 0.05). The additional hypouricemic effect of probenecid 500 mg/day appeared to be lower in @entity1 with @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Coadministration of @entity208 with probenecid had a significantly greater hypouricemic effect than @entity208 alone despite an associated reduction of plasma @entity6652 concentrations. Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012606000276550.

title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between @entity208 and probenecid in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between probenecid and @entity6652 (the active metabolite of @entity208 ) in @entity1 with @entity210 . METHODS: This was an open-label observational clinical study. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure @entity6652 and urate concentrations. We examined the effects of adding probenecid to @entity208 therapy upon plasma concentrations and renal clearances of urate and @entity6652 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 taking @entity208 100-400 mg daily completed the study. Maximum coadministered doses of probenecid were 250 mg/day (n = 1), 500 mg/day (n = 19), 1000 mg/day (n = 7), 1500 mg/day (n = 3), and 2000 mg/day (n = 1). All doses except the 250 mg daily dose were divided and dosing was twice daily. Estimated @entity1011 clearances ranged from 28 to 113 ml/min. Addition of probenecid 500 mg/day to @entity208 therapy decreased plasma urate concentrations by 25%, from mean 0.37 mmol/l (95% CI 0.33-0.41) to mean 0.28 mmol/l (95% CI 0.24-0.32) (p < 0.001); and increased renal urate clearance by 62%, from mean 6.0 ml/min (95% CI 4.5-7.5) to mean 9.6 ml/min (95% CI 6.9-12.3) (p < 0.001). Average steady-state plasma @entity6652 concentrations decreased by 26%, from mean 11.1 mg/l (95% CI 5.0-17.3) to mean 8.2 mg/l (95% CI 4.0-12.4) (p < 0.001); and renal @entity6652 clearance increased by 24%, from mean 12.7 ml/min (95% CI 9.6-15.8) to mean 16.1 ml/min (95% CI 12.0-20.2) (p < 0.05). The additional hypouricemic effect of probenecid 500 mg/day appeared to be lower in @entity1 with @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Coadministration of @entity208 with probenecid had a significantly greater hypouricemic effect than @entity208 alone despite an associated reduction of plasma @entity6652 concentrations. Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012606000276550.

title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between @entity208 and probenecid in XXXX with @entity210 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clastogenic injury of the erythroid lineage results in @entity417 , reticulocytopenia, and transient appearance of micronucleated reticulocytes. However, the micronucleated reticulocyte dose-response in @entity19 models is only linear to 2 Gy total body irradiation and paradoxically decreases at higher exposures, suggesting complex radiation effects on erythroid intermediates. To better understand this phenomenon, we investigated the kinetics and apoptotic response of the erythron to sublethal @entity1161 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the response to 1 and 4 Gy total body irradiation of erythroid progenitors and precursors using colony assays and imaging flow cytometry, respectively. We also investigated cell cycling and apoptotic gene expression of the steady-state erythron. RESULTS: After 1 Gy total body irradiation, erythroid progenitors and precursors were partially depleted. In contrast, essentially all bone marrow erythroid progenitors and precursors were lost within 2 days after 4 Gy irradiation. Imaging flow cytometry analysis revealed preferential loss of phenotypic erythroid colony-forming units and proerythroblasts immediately after sublethal irradiation. Furthermore, these populations underwent radiation-induced apoptosis, without changes in steady-state cellular proliferation, at much higher frequencies than later-stage erythroid precursors. Primary erythroid precursor maturation is associated with marked @entity26667 upregulation and @entity1380 and @entity7348 downregulation. CONCLUSIONS: Micronucleated reticulocyte loss after higher sublethal radiation exposures results from rapid depletion of erythroid progenitors and precursors. This injury reveals that erythroid colony-forming units and proerythroblasts constitute a particularly proapoptotic compartment within the erythron. We conclude that the functional transition of primary proerythroblasts to later-stage erythroid precursors is characterized by a shift from a proapoptotic to an antiapoptotic phenotype.

title: XXXX uncovers a functional transition during erythroid maturation.

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['Sublethal radiation injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: epidemiological and experimental evidence suggest the role of muscular strength has been increasingly recognized in the prevention of @entity102 in early life, and features of the @entity66 have also been negatively associated with muscle strength in adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine whether the association between muscular @entity410 and physical health status among @entity1 and adolescents from Bogot  , Colombia. METHODS: cross-sectional study in 921 schoolchildren aged 8-11 years from Bogot  , Colombia. A @entity410 ( @entity410 ) was measured using handgrip strength and standing long jump and vertical jump. Each of these variables was standardized as follows: standardized value = (value = mean)/SD. The @entity121 score was calculated as the mean of the three standardized scores. @entity410 was recoded into quartiles Q1 (low @entity410 ) to Q4 (high @entity410 ). The body mass index (BMI), skinfold thickness, waist and hip circumference, body composition by bioimpedance (BIA), blood pressure and self-declaration sexual maturation were measured such as indicators associated with future cardiovascular events. RESULTS: the average age was 13.0    2.6 years. @entity1 with Q4 (high @entity410 ), show a better physical health status (BMI, blood pressure, body fat and waist circumference (BMI, blood pressure, body fat and waist circumference, p[linear X2] = 0.01). Individuals with Q1 and Q3 (low @entity410 ) had 4.06 times (95%CI 2.60 to 6.34; p = 0.043) risk of excess body fat and 1.57 times (95%CI 1.02 -1.89; p = 0.020) risk of @entity1144 . CONCLUSION: our results show that @entity121 is associated with better physical health status. The testing of muscle strength at early ages should be included in health- monitoring systems.

title: [ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MUSCULAR FITNESS AND PHYSICAL HEALTH STATUS AMONG XXXX AND ADOLESCENTS FROM BOGOT  , COLOMBIA].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['muscular fitness score', 'fitness', 'MFS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fitness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['CHILDREN']


abstract: A unique myocardial characteristic is its ability to grow/remodel in order to adapt; this is determined partly by genes and partly by the environment and the milieu int  rieur. In the "post-genomic" @entity7971 , a need is emerging to elucidate the physiologic functions of myocardial genes, as well as potential adaptive and maladaptive modulations induced by environmental/epigenetic factors. Genome sequencing and analysis advances have become exponential lately, with escalation of our knowledge concerning sometimes controversial genetic underpinnings of @entity65 . Current technologies can identify candidate genes variously involved in diverse normal/abnormal morphomechanical phenotypes, and offer insights into @entity65 . The expression profiles of thousands of genes are regularly ascertained under diverse conditions. Global analyses of gene expression levels are useful for cataloging genes and correlated phenotypes, and for elucidating the role of genes in maladies. Comparative expression of gene networks coupled to complex disorders can contribute insights as to how "modifier genes" influence the expressed phenotypes. Increasingly, a more comprehensive and detailed systematic understanding of @entity74 underlying, for example, various @entity74 is emerging. Implementing genomic findings in cardiology practice may well lead directly to better diagnosing and therapeutics. There is currently evolving a strong appreciation for the value of studying gene anomalies, and doing so in a non-disjointed, cohesive manner. However, it is challenging for many-practitioners and investigators-to comprehend, interpret, and utilize the clinically increasingly accessible and affordable cardiovascular genomics studies. This survey addresses the need for fundamental understanding in this vital area.

title: Linking Genes to XXXX : Gene Action and Gene-Environment Interactions.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['multiple genetic factors implicated in complex cardiovascular syndromes', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities', 'genetic cardiomyopathies']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Diseases']


abstract: An adjuvanted @entity5965 bacterin containing attachment antigens and cornea-degrading enzyme antigens protected @entity291 from @entity21138 ( @entity21138 ) when experimentally challenged with homologous and heterologous challenge cultures of @entity2499 . This bacterin also protected @entity291 against field exposure to @entity2499 . Transmission electron microscopy and @entity941 labeled anti-M. bovis pili antiserum showed pili on the @entity2499 bacterin strain. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a fibrillar glycocalyx. The bacterin strain of @entity2499 , but not all strains of @entity2499 , destroyed @entity291 corneal cell monolayers in vitro. @entity291 corneal cells began to separate from each other within 5 min after @entity2499 organisms were added and adhered to the cell monolayers. @entity5965 organisms remained attached to the disintegrating cells as the cell membrane separated and was digested. Vaccination stimulated bacterial agglutination antibodies. However, protection against experimental challenge was more closely related to the cornea-degrading enzyme content of the experimental bacterins. Twenty-two of 29 @entity291 (76%) vaccinated with bacterins containing a relative enzyme activity (REA) greater than 0.4 were protected in a rigorous challenge of immunity test. Only 1 of 21 non-vaccinated @entity291 (5%) was free of @entity21138 . Ninety-two percent (24/26) of @entity291 vaccinated with a bacterin containing a REA greater than 0.29 remained free of @entity21138 following field exposure, whereas 47% (8/17) non-vaccinated @entity291 developed @entity21138 . Only 8 of 12 @entity291 (67%) vaccinated with a bacterin containing a REA of 0.09 remained free of @entity21138 . In a larger field efficacy test consisting of 32 herds in six states, the incidence of @entity21138 in individual herds ranged from 0% to 55%. The overall rate of infection was 11.2%. Vaccination of @entity291 with an @entity2499 bacterin that contained a REA of 0.63 reduced the incidence of @entity21138 from 11.2% (217/1931) in the non-vaccinated controls to 4.3% (66/1520) in @entity291 vaccinated once and to 3.1% (48/1536) in @entity291 vaccinated twice.

title: Immunogenicity of a XXXX bacterin containing attachment and cornea-degrading enzyme antigens.

entities_list: @entity21138 :: ('MESH:D007639', 'Disease') :: ['IBK', 'infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity5965 :: ('476', 'Species') :: ['Moraxella bovis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cattle', 'bovine', 'calves', 'Bovine']

answer: @entity5965 :: (476,Species) :: ['Moraxella bovis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1188 is a rare condition resulting from an acute disruption of renal blood flow, and the cause and outcome of @entity1188 are not well established. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. SETTING _ @entity1 : 438 @entity1 with @entity1188 in January 1993 to December 2013 at 9 hospitals in Korea were included. @entity1188 was defined by radiologic findings that included single or multiple wedge-shaped parenchymal perfusion defects in the kidney. PREDICTOR: Causes of @entity1188 included cardiogenic (n=244 [55.7%]), @entity8 (n=33 [7.5%]), hypercoagulable (n=29 [6.6%]), and idiopathic (n=132 [30.1%]) factors. OUTCOMES: We used recurrence, @entity810 (AKI; defined as @entity1011 level increase  >=  0.3mg/dL within 48 hours or an increase to 150% of baseline level within 7 days during the sentinel hospitalization), new-onset estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2) (for >3 months after @entity1188 in the absence of a history of decreased eGFR), @entity454 ( @entity454 ; receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis because of irreversible @entity8 ), and mortality as outcome metrics. RESULTS: Treatment included urokinase (n=19), heparin (n=342), @entity1229 (n=330), and antiplatelet agents (n=157). 5% of @entity1 died during the initial hospitalization. During the median 20.0 (range, 1-223) months of follow-up, 2.8% of @entity1 had recurrent @entity1188 , 20.1% of @entity1 developed AKI, 10.9% of @entity1 developed new-onset eGFR<60mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2), and 2.1% of @entity1 progressed to @entity454 . LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective study; it cannot clearly determine the specific causal mechanism for certain @entity1 or provide information about the causes of mortality. 16 @entity1 were excluded from the prognostic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiogenic origins were the most important causes of @entity1188 . Despite aggressive treatment, @entity1188 can lead to AKI, new-onset eGFR<60mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2), @entity454 , and @entity204 .

title: Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery injury', 'kidney damage']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Renal infarction', 'renal infarction', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['Renal Infarction']


abstract: We have documented @entity227 in 42 of 89 @entity1 with transfusion-dependent @entity417 who were receiving @entity68 chelation therapy with subcutaneous @entity5532 ( @entity10775 ). Of the affected groups, 13 presented with @entity227 or @entity2319 or both, and ophthalmologic, audiologic, and visual evoked potential studies (VEPs) uncovered @entity854 in 29 more. Four @entity1 with @entity227 had @entity1781 with a marked @entity1018 . These 4, and 16 other asymptomatic @entity1 , had abnormal VEPs. When @entity10775 was stopped, 3 of 4 with visual problems regained normal visual function but VEPs remained abnormal. Of the other 16 with abnormal VEPs, 9 became normal or improved and 7 did not change; on restarting @entity10775 , the 9 became abnormal again. There were 22 abnormal audiograms that showed a high-frequency sensorineural deficit; 13 @entity1 were symptomatic and 4 needed hearing aids. On stopping @entity10775 , 9 became asymptomatic but 15 audiograms remained abnormal and 2 deteriorated further on restarting the drug. An analysis of the clinical data showed that members of the affected group were younger, had lower serum ferritin values, and were self-administering higher doses of @entity10775 /kg body weight. Significantly lower doses of @entity10775 were being taken by @entity1 without @entity854 than by those with visual symptoms, abnormal audiograms, or prolonged VEPs (P less than 0.001, less than 0.006, and less than 0.04, respectively). The data implicate high-dose @entity10775 as a central factor in the pathogenesis of the @entity2359 . Our serial studies provide the basis for effective yet safe @entity10775 administration for @entity1 who require the agent.

title: XXXX associated with @entity5532 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in acuity and loss of color vision']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual and auditory neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['Neurotoxicity']


abstract: We have documented @entity227 in 42 of 89 @entity1 with transfusion-dependent @entity417 who were receiving @entity68 chelation therapy with subcutaneous @entity5532 ( @entity10775 ). Of the affected groups, 13 presented with @entity227 or @entity2319 or both, and ophthalmologic, audiologic, and visual evoked potential studies (VEPs) uncovered @entity854 in 29 more. Four @entity1 with @entity227 had @entity1781 with a marked @entity1018 . These 4, and 16 other asymptomatic @entity1 , had abnormal VEPs. When @entity10775 was stopped, 3 of 4 with visual problems regained normal visual function but VEPs remained abnormal. Of the other 16 with abnormal VEPs, 9 became normal or improved and 7 did not change; on restarting @entity10775 , the 9 became abnormal again. There were 22 abnormal audiograms that showed a high-frequency sensorineural deficit; 13 @entity1 were symptomatic and 4 needed hearing aids. On stopping @entity10775 , 9 became asymptomatic but 15 audiograms remained abnormal and 2 deteriorated further on restarting the drug. An analysis of the clinical data showed that members of the affected group were younger, had lower serum ferritin values, and were self-administering higher doses of @entity10775 /kg body weight. Significantly lower doses of @entity10775 were being taken by @entity1 without @entity854 than by those with visual symptoms, abnormal audiograms, or prolonged VEPs (P less than 0.001, less than 0.006, and less than 0.04, respectively). The data implicate high-dose @entity10775 as a central factor in the pathogenesis of the @entity2359 . Our serial studies provide the basis for effective yet safe @entity10775 administration for @entity1 who require the agent.

title: @entity2359 associated with XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity5532 :: (MESH:D003676,Chemical) :: ['deferoxamine']


abstract: @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) comprise a group of @entity121 characterized by progressive @entity2057 and often premature death. The primary defect common to most @entity3986 involves disruption of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). This leads to sarcolemmal instability and @entity141 influx, inducing cellular @entity39 . Here we have shown that the @entity3986 phenotype observed in   -sarcoglycan   null ( @entity73352 (   /   )) @entity19 and dystrophin mutant mdx @entity19 is dramatically improved by skeletal muscle   specific overexpression of sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 ATPase 1 ( @entity73353 ). Rates of myofiber central nucleation, tissue @entity82 , and serum @entity908 kinase levels were dramatically reduced in @entity73352 (   /   ) and mdx @entity19 with the @entity73353 transgene, which also rescued the loss of exercise capacity in @entity73352 (   /   ) @entity19 . Adeno-associated virus   @entity14571 (AAV- @entity14571 ) gene therapy in the gastrocnemius muscle of @entity73352 (   /   ) @entity19 mitigated @entity3986 . @entity73353 overexpression reversed a defect in sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 reuptake that characterizes @entity3986 and reduced total cytosolic @entity141 . Further, @entity73353 overexpression almost completely rescued the @entity3986 phenotype in a @entity19 model of @entity601 driven solely by @entity141 influx. Mitochondria isolated from the muscle of @entity73353 - @entity73352 (   /   ) @entity19 were no longer swollen and calpain activation was reduced, suggesting protection from @entity141 -driven @entity39 . Our results suggest a novel therapeutic approach using @entity73353 to abrogate the altered intracellular @entity141 levels that underlie most forms of @entity601 .

title: XXXX in @entity19 by SERCA overexpression in skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic', 'Muscular dystrophies', 'dystrophic disease', 'MDs', 'dystrophic myofibers']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative muscle disorders']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['Mitigation of muscular dystrophy']


abstract: @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ) comprise a group of @entity121 characterized by progressive @entity2057 and often premature death. The primary defect common to most @entity3986 involves disruption of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC). This leads to sarcolemmal instability and @entity141 influx, inducing cellular @entity39 . Here we have shown that the @entity3986 phenotype observed in   -sarcoglycan   null ( @entity73352 (   /   )) @entity19 and dystrophin mutant mdx @entity19 is dramatically improved by skeletal muscle   specific overexpression of sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 ATPase 1 ( @entity73353 ). Rates of myofiber central nucleation, tissue @entity82 , and serum @entity908 kinase levels were dramatically reduced in @entity73352 (   /   ) and mdx @entity19 with the @entity73353 transgene, which also rescued the loss of exercise capacity in @entity73352 (   /   ) @entity19 . Adeno-associated virus   @entity14571 (AAV- @entity14571 ) gene therapy in the gastrocnemius muscle of @entity73352 (   /   ) @entity19 mitigated @entity3986 . @entity73353 overexpression reversed a defect in sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 reuptake that characterizes @entity3986 and reduced total cytosolic @entity141 . Further, @entity73353 overexpression almost completely rescued the @entity3986 phenotype in a @entity19 model of @entity601 driven solely by @entity141 influx. Mitochondria isolated from the muscle of @entity73353 - @entity73352 (   /   ) @entity19 were no longer swollen and calpain activation was reduced, suggesting protection from @entity141 -driven @entity39 . Our results suggest a novel therapeutic approach using @entity73353 to abrogate the altered intracellular @entity141 levels that underlie most forms of @entity601 .

title: @entity3986 in XXXX by SERCA overexpression in skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Thrombi defined as intraluminal filling defects detected by angiography were identified in 30 @entity1 (29 in the carotid system, one in the vertebral artery). @entity64 was the presentation ipsilateral to the @entity715 in 22 @entity1 (12 had previous transient @entity63 attacks), transient @entity63 attacks occurred alone in seven cases, and one @entity1 was asymptomatic. Angiography revealed a severe @entity850 in association with the @entity715 in 23 @entity1 , a moderate @entity850 in four @entity1 , and, in the three @entity1 with only minimal @entity850 presumably due to @entity731 , there was evidence for a @entity1003 . Sixteen of the 30 @entity1 were operated on urgently, 10 within 24 hours of detection of the @entity715 . Twelve of these 16 surgical @entity1 were given anticoagulation before surgery. At endarterectomy, @entity715 was identified in 11 of the 14 surgical @entity1 in whom the @entity715 was accessible; the other two surgical @entity1 had @entity5892 only. In this group, four of 11 surgical @entity1 with accessible thrombi suffered perioperative episodes of new or larger @entity1188 . Fourteen of the 30 @entity1 initially received medical management with no complication. Eight of these 14 medical @entity1 had repeat angiography; seven exhibited complete resolution of @entity715 , and six of these seven @entity1 subsequently underwent delayed endarterectomy for the @entity850 . No @entity715 was identified at surgery in any of the six. One of the six delayed surgery @entity1 suffered a perioperative @entity64 . Although these numbers are small, reflecting the rarity of @entity715 demonstrated by angiography, undetected @entity715 is often found at endarterectomy. Its presence may increase operative risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intraluminal XXXX in the cerebral circulation. Implications for surgical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial thrombus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Until recently outcome studies in @entity161 lacked standardized measures, and outcome expectations were generally pessimistic. The Remission in @entity161 Working Group (RSWG) published operationalized criteria for symptomatic remission in 2005. These criteria have been extensively applied in research settings and have stimulated research into other components of outcome, particularly functional outcome and quality of life. Attention has also shifted beyond remission to the more difficult to attain and complex concept of recovery. The purpose of this review is to examine recent studies on these topics and to assess whether progress has been made towards a broader @entity8168 and recovery. RECENT FINDINGS: Reported remission rates vary widely across studies (17-88%). @entity1 in remission do better than their nonremitted counterparts in several other outcome domains. Predictors of remission include early treatment response, and baseline symptom severity and subjective well being. @entity1 move in and out of remission over time. At present, there is no consensus on methods of measuring other outcome domains, particularly functional status and quality of life. SUMMARY: The RSWG remission criteria are easy to apply and define an achievable and desirable treatment goal. Measures of social and occupational functional outcome, quality of life and cognitive status need to be further developed and standardized before remission and recovery criteria can be more broadly defined.

title: The concepts of remission and recovery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity8168 :: ('MESH:D012075', 'Disease') :: ['definition of remission']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Medical care for chronic conditions imposes a substantial burden on healthcare systems designed originally for acute @entity130 . The notion of @entity102 self-management (CDSM) has been developed as a means of encouraging individuals with chronic conditions to self-manage their own health. It is known that successful @entity102 management reduces hospital admission rates and improves @entity1 ' quality of life. Although recognized widely by other medical disciplines, it is beginning to have an impact on @entity146 practice; therefore, a review of how the CDSM approach is implemented in psychiatry is timely. RECENT FINDINGS: The move toward self-management in general medicine can be seen by and large as a holistic approach that encourages the @entity1 to work in partnership with health professionals to improve outcomes and assist @entity1 to better manage their healthcare needs. One of the defining features of CDSM approaches is the active collaboration between the @entity1 and the healthcare professional. Five mechanisms that demonstrate such active collaboration are self-directed care, illness management and recovery, shared decision-making, joint crisis planning and wellness planning. Their use in psychiatry is discussed. SUMMARY: The key feature of CDSM approaches is an active collaboration between healthcare professionals and healthcare consumers. It is a fundamental shift away from traditional active expert/passive @entity1 treatment modes. Each of the five approaches discussed exemplifies the active participation in treatment planning by both consumers and mental health professionals.

title: Use of ' XXXX self-management strategies' in mental healthcare.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['illness or injury']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether serial electroencephalographic (EEG) findings can predict relapse of @entity302 after synthetic @entity4545 (ACTH) therapy in @entity1 with @entity739 ( @entity739 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity739 @entity1 (8 cryptogenic and 31 symptomatic) were included in this study. These @entity1 received ACTH therapy for the first time and were regularly followed up for more than three years at our hospital. Sixteen @entity1 (41.0%) showed @entity410 relapse (relapse group) and 23 @entity1 (59.0%) did not show relapse (non-relapse group). We used survival analysis to investigate the influence of etiology and presence of @entity302 discharges after the ACTH therapy on @entity410 outcome. RESULTS: Immediately after the ACTH therapy, etiology was associated with @entity410 outcome (p=0.003). In the early stage (1 month after the ACTH therapy), only the presence of @entity302 discharges (p=0.001) had a significant association with @entity410 outcome, regardless of etiology. Because all relapsed @entity1 were in the symptomatic group, we performed the same statistical analysis on symptomatic @entity739 @entity1 data only. We found that the group with no @entity302 discharges on EEG showed a significantly higher @entity410 -free rate than those with @entity302 discharges in the early stage (p=0.0091). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that serial EEG findings after ACTH therapy are significantly related to relapse of @entity302 .

title: Predictive factors for relapse of XXXX after @entity4545 therapy in @entity739 .

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['WS', 'West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptic spasms']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic spasms']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether serial electroencephalographic (EEG) findings can predict relapse of @entity302 after synthetic @entity4545 (ACTH) therapy in @entity1 with @entity739 ( @entity739 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity739 @entity1 (8 cryptogenic and 31 symptomatic) were included in this study. These @entity1 received ACTH therapy for the first time and were regularly followed up for more than three years at our hospital. Sixteen @entity1 (41.0%) showed @entity410 relapse (relapse group) and 23 @entity1 (59.0%) did not show relapse (non-relapse group). We used survival analysis to investigate the influence of etiology and presence of @entity302 discharges after the ACTH therapy on @entity410 outcome. RESULTS: Immediately after the ACTH therapy, etiology was associated with @entity410 outcome (p=0.003). In the early stage (1 month after the ACTH therapy), only the presence of @entity302 discharges (p=0.001) had a significant association with @entity410 outcome, regardless of etiology. Because all relapsed @entity1 were in the symptomatic group, we performed the same statistical analysis on symptomatic @entity739 @entity1 data only. We found that the group with no @entity302 discharges on EEG showed a significantly higher @entity410 -free rate than those with @entity302 discharges in the early stage (p=0.0091). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that serial EEG findings after ACTH therapy are significantly related to relapse of @entity302 .

title: Predictive factors for relapse of @entity302 after XXXX therapy in @entity739 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity4545 :: (5443,Gene) :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether serial electroencephalographic (EEG) findings can predict relapse of @entity302 after synthetic @entity4545 (ACTH) therapy in @entity1 with @entity739 ( @entity739 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity739 @entity1 (8 cryptogenic and 31 symptomatic) were included in this study. These @entity1 received ACTH therapy for the first time and were regularly followed up for more than three years at our hospital. Sixteen @entity1 (41.0%) showed @entity410 relapse (relapse group) and 23 @entity1 (59.0%) did not show relapse (non-relapse group). We used survival analysis to investigate the influence of etiology and presence of @entity302 discharges after the ACTH therapy on @entity410 outcome. RESULTS: Immediately after the ACTH therapy, etiology was associated with @entity410 outcome (p=0.003). In the early stage (1 month after the ACTH therapy), only the presence of @entity302 discharges (p=0.001) had a significant association with @entity410 outcome, regardless of etiology. Because all relapsed @entity1 were in the symptomatic group, we performed the same statistical analysis on symptomatic @entity739 @entity1 data only. We found that the group with no @entity302 discharges on EEG showed a significantly higher @entity410 -free rate than those with @entity302 discharges in the early stage (p=0.0091). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that serial EEG findings after ACTH therapy are significantly related to relapse of @entity302 .

title: Predictive factors for relapse of @entity302 after @entity4545 therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['West syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the total @entity1 burden associated with clinical development and where burdens fall most heavily during a drug development program. Our goal was to quantify the total @entity1 burden/benefit in developing a new drug. METHODS: We measured risk using drug-related adverse events that were grade 3 or higher, benefit by objective response rate, and trial outcomes by whether studies met their primary endpoint with acceptable safety. The differences in risk ( @entity204 rate) and benefit (overall response rate) between industry and nonindustry trials were analyzed with an inverse-variance weighted fixed effects meta-analysis implemented as a weighted regression analysis. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: We identified 103 primary publications of @entity2240 monotherapy, representing 9092 @entity1 and 3991 @entity1 -years of involvement over 10 years and 32 different @entity5 . In total, 1052 @entity1 receiving @entity2240 monotherapy experienced objective @entity5 response (15.7% of intent-to-treat population, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.3% to 16.0%), 98 died from drug-related @entity137 (1.08%, 95% CI = 1.02% to 1.14%), and at least 1245 experienced grade 3-4 drug-related @entity137 (13.7%, 95% CI = 13.3% to 14.1%). Risk/benefit worsened as the development program matured, with several instances of replicated negative studies and almost no positive trials after the first responding @entity5 were discovered. CONCLUSIONS: Even for a successful drug, the risk/benefit balance of trials was similar to phase I cancer trials in general. @entity2240 monotherapy development showed worsening risk/benefit, and the testing of new indications responded slowly to evidence that @entity2240 monotherapy would not extend to new @entity5 . Research decision-making should draw on evidence from whole research programs rather than a narrow band of studies in the same indication.

title: Benefit, Risk, and Outcomes in Drug Development: A Systematic Review of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['Sunitinib']


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity1 had signs of @entity2743 and @entity21696 . Serum immunoreactive TSH and its alpha-subunit increased in the presence of high serum @entity1954 (T3), @entity1955 (T4), and free T4 concentrations, whereas beta-subunit TSH was undetectable. Exogenous @entity1218 failed to increase serum TSH. Serum TSH was markedly suppressed by glucocorticoid, but was increased by antithyroid drug. L-Dopa or @entity2847 partially suppressed, but @entity7831 had no influence on serum TSH. Serum prolactin (Prl) was above normal and markedly increased by @entity1218 , but @entity308 by @entity2847 and not suppressed by @entity7831 . Plasma @entity1218 was normal in the @entity1378 state, but was increased by glucocorticoid and antithyroid drug. Excess thyroid hormone @entity308 plasma @entity1218 concentrations. Basal serum GH levels were constantly low. @entity5 normalized serum hormones (T3, T4 free T4, @entity4090 ), and eradicated the clinical signs of @entity1378 and @entity21696 . Histological study of the @entity5 tissue demonstrated both thyrotrophes and somatotrophes. A reciprocal relationship between serum TSH and T4 concentrations shifted to a higher level before but was normalized after @entity5 . Ten months later, the clinical signs of @entity2743 and the increase in serum @entity6145 recurred without a concomitant increase in serum TSH and its alpha-subunit. Thyroidal auto-antibodies were slightly positive, but thyrotrophin-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) was negative. Administration of antithyroid drug produced a euthyroid state, but 3 years later, discontinuation of the treatment resulted in recurrent @entity1378 without suppressed plasma @entity1218 and with no evidence of regrowth of the @entity5 . It is suggested that the @entity1 initially had @entity1378 owing to excessive TSH secretion from the @entity5 caused by abnormal @entity1218 secretion, and subsequently had @entity1378 owing to @entity2743 .

title: @entity1378 caused by a pituitary thyrotrophin-secreting @entity5 with excessive secretion of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and subsequently followed by XXXX in a middle-aged @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity7831 :: ('MESH:D009627', 'Chemical') :: ['nomifensine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis', "Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumour', 'Transsphenoidal removal of the tumour', 'pituitary tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity4090 :: ('5617', 'Gene') :: ['TSH, alpha-subunit and Prl']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity21696 :: ('MESH:C535402', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity1 had signs of @entity2743 and @entity21696 . Serum immunoreactive TSH and its alpha-subunit increased in the presence of high serum @entity1954 (T3), @entity1955 (T4), and free T4 concentrations, whereas beta-subunit TSH was undetectable. Exogenous @entity1218 failed to increase serum TSH. Serum TSH was markedly suppressed by glucocorticoid, but was increased by antithyroid drug. L-Dopa or @entity2847 partially suppressed, but @entity7831 had no influence on serum TSH. Serum prolactin (Prl) was above normal and markedly increased by @entity1218 , but @entity308 by @entity2847 and not suppressed by @entity7831 . Plasma @entity1218 was normal in the @entity1378 state, but was increased by glucocorticoid and antithyroid drug. Excess thyroid hormone @entity308 plasma @entity1218 concentrations. Basal serum GH levels were constantly low. @entity5 normalized serum hormones (T3, T4 free T4, @entity4090 ), and eradicated the clinical signs of @entity1378 and @entity21696 . Histological study of the @entity5 tissue demonstrated both thyrotrophes and somatotrophes. A reciprocal relationship between serum TSH and T4 concentrations shifted to a higher level before but was normalized after @entity5 . Ten months later, the clinical signs of @entity2743 and the increase in serum @entity6145 recurred without a concomitant increase in serum TSH and its alpha-subunit. Thyroidal auto-antibodies were slightly positive, but thyrotrophin-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) was negative. Administration of antithyroid drug produced a euthyroid state, but 3 years later, discontinuation of the treatment resulted in recurrent @entity1378 without suppressed plasma @entity1218 and with no evidence of regrowth of the @entity5 . It is suggested that the @entity1 initially had @entity1378 owing to excessive TSH secretion from the @entity5 caused by abnormal @entity1218 secretion, and subsequently had @entity1378 owing to @entity2743 .

title: XXXX caused by a pituitary thyrotrophin-secreting @entity5 with excessive secretion of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and subsequently followed by @entity2743 in a middle-aged @entity1 .

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['Hyperthyroidism']


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity1 had signs of @entity2743 and @entity21696 . Serum immunoreactive TSH and its alpha-subunit increased in the presence of high serum @entity1954 (T3), @entity1955 (T4), and free T4 concentrations, whereas beta-subunit TSH was undetectable. Exogenous @entity1218 failed to increase serum TSH. Serum TSH was markedly suppressed by glucocorticoid, but was increased by antithyroid drug. L-Dopa or @entity2847 partially suppressed, but @entity7831 had no influence on serum TSH. Serum prolactin (Prl) was above normal and markedly increased by @entity1218 , but @entity308 by @entity2847 and not suppressed by @entity7831 . Plasma @entity1218 was normal in the @entity1378 state, but was increased by glucocorticoid and antithyroid drug. Excess thyroid hormone @entity308 plasma @entity1218 concentrations. Basal serum GH levels were constantly low. @entity5 normalized serum hormones (T3, T4 free T4, @entity4090 ), and eradicated the clinical signs of @entity1378 and @entity21696 . Histological study of the @entity5 tissue demonstrated both thyrotrophes and somatotrophes. A reciprocal relationship between serum TSH and T4 concentrations shifted to a higher level before but was normalized after @entity5 . Ten months later, the clinical signs of @entity2743 and the increase in serum @entity6145 recurred without a concomitant increase in serum TSH and its alpha-subunit. Thyroidal auto-antibodies were slightly positive, but thyrotrophin-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) was negative. Administration of antithyroid drug produced a euthyroid state, but 3 years later, discontinuation of the treatment resulted in recurrent @entity1378 without suppressed plasma @entity1218 and with no evidence of regrowth of the @entity5 . It is suggested that the @entity1 initially had @entity1378 owing to excessive TSH secretion from the @entity5 caused by abnormal @entity1218 secretion, and subsequently had @entity1378 owing to @entity2743 .

title: @entity1378 caused by a pituitary thyrotrophin-secreting XXXX with excessive secretion of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and subsequently followed by @entity2743 in a middle-aged @entity1 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: A 46-year-old @entity1 had signs of @entity2743 and @entity21696 . Serum immunoreactive TSH and its alpha-subunit increased in the presence of high serum @entity1954 (T3), @entity1955 (T4), and free T4 concentrations, whereas beta-subunit TSH was undetectable. Exogenous @entity1218 failed to increase serum TSH. Serum TSH was markedly suppressed by glucocorticoid, but was increased by antithyroid drug. L-Dopa or @entity2847 partially suppressed, but @entity7831 had no influence on serum TSH. Serum prolactin (Prl) was above normal and markedly increased by @entity1218 , but @entity308 by @entity2847 and not suppressed by @entity7831 . Plasma @entity1218 was normal in the @entity1378 state, but was increased by glucocorticoid and antithyroid drug. Excess thyroid hormone @entity308 plasma @entity1218 concentrations. Basal serum GH levels were constantly low. @entity5 normalized serum hormones (T3, T4 free T4, @entity4090 ), and eradicated the clinical signs of @entity1378 and @entity21696 . Histological study of the @entity5 tissue demonstrated both thyrotrophes and somatotrophes. A reciprocal relationship between serum TSH and T4 concentrations shifted to a higher level before but was normalized after @entity5 . Ten months later, the clinical signs of @entity2743 and the increase in serum @entity6145 recurred without a concomitant increase in serum TSH and its alpha-subunit. Thyroidal auto-antibodies were slightly positive, but thyrotrophin-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) was negative. Administration of antithyroid drug produced a euthyroid state, but 3 years later, discontinuation of the treatment resulted in recurrent @entity1378 without suppressed plasma @entity1218 and with no evidence of regrowth of the @entity5 . It is suggested that the @entity1 initially had @entity1378 owing to excessive TSH secretion from the @entity5 caused by abnormal @entity1218 secretion, and subsequently had @entity1378 owing to @entity2743 .

title: @entity1378 caused by a pituitary thyrotrophin-secreting @entity5 with excessive secretion of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and subsequently followed by @entity2743 in a middle-aged XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The spread of microorganisms resistant to some antimicrobial agents necessitates the need to search for novel and effective antimicrobial agents. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Terminalid catappa Linn. (Combretaceae) and Vitex doniana Sweet. (Verbenaceae), two Nigerian medicinal plants used in folk medicines for the management of various ailments related to microbial infections were evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude @entity1068 extracts and fractions of the leaves and stem bark of T. catappa and V. doniana. METHODOLOGY: Four crude @entity1068 extracts and 16 ( @entity1045 , @entity1046 , @entity10439 and aqueous) fractions of leaves and stem bark of T. catappa and V doniana were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against fifteen (15) strains of bacteria and fungi. The antimicrobial activity was determined in a 96-well plate using a resazurin based broth microdilution method. Two standard antimicrobial drugs @entity869 and @entity8701 were included as positive control. RESULTS: The butanoL fraction of stem bark of T. catappa and @entity1068 crude extract of leaf of V don iana displayed the highest antibacterial activity with similar @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) value of 93.75 microg/mL against @entity794 and @entity3881 . Furthermore, the @entity1046 fraction of stem bark of T. catappa showed the highest antifungal activity with @entity6251 of 187.5 microg/mL against A. sydowi. Amp icillin had @entity6251 of 15.6 and 31.3 microg/mL against @entity794 and B. subtili, respectively while @entity8701 produced @entity6251 of 3.9 microg/mL against A. sydowi. CONCLUSION: Termninalia catappa and Vitex doniana may serve as useful sources of plant derived antimicrobial agents.

title: In vitro antimicrobial activity of crude XXXX extracts and fractions of Terminalia catappa and Vitex doniana.

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylacetate', 'ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimum inhibitory concentration']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: The authors administered repeated courses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) to nine @entity1 at the onset of an exacerbation of generalized @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). Anticholinesterase medication (nine @entity1 ) and @entity228 dosage (six @entity1 ) had been kept constant for a 2-month period. Six @entity1 received two courses, two @entity1 received three courses, and one @entity1 received five courses. Twenty of 23 courses resulted in satisfactory improvement beginning 4.3 +/- 1.2 days after start of IVIg and becoming maximal 8.2 +/- 2.0 days, with sustained improvement lasting 106.6 +/- 49.1 days. Vital capacity increased from an average of 1845.1 +/- 489 cc to 2894 +/- 762 cc (p less than 0.01) at peak effect. Four of nine @entity1 had a decrease in strength before improvement. There was no significant change in @entity934 receptor antibody titers before or after therapy. Side effects were minimal. Of the three @entity1 who had nonsatisfactory course, two responded well to additional IVIg. IVIg can produce repeated beneficial effects in @entity1 with @entity1737 and may be useful as an adjunct in the management of @entity1737 .

title: Effects of repeated doses of intravenous immunoglobulin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: In 1912, Wilson and Fleischer independently reported autopsied @entity1 with progressive @entity16 associated with @entity1575 , and they proposed that the syndrome could be a specific disease of toxic origin. In 1952, Scheinberg demonstrated a deficiency of serum ceruloplasmin in @entity2360 , and it became possible to diagnose the illness while the @entity1 was still asymptomatic. In 1956, Walshe introduced @entity2361 as the most excellent drug for treatment of the disease. These epoch-making discoveries encouraged Japanese physicians to make early diagnosis and to try prevention of the disease. This lecture was to review the changing panorama in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease in the period of forty years focusing on the experiences in Japan. Early detection of the @entity1 based on @entity50567 made it possible to investigate the onset ages of an elevation of serum GOT or @entity6283 and the appearance of Kayser-Fleischer (KF) rings. So far, the youngest @entity1 who exhibited high @entity6283 level and KF rings were three years and five years old, respectively. It became popular that an unexpected elevation of serum transaminase in apparently healthy @entity1 of three years or more prompted to examine the possibility of @entity2360 , and an increasing number of non-familial @entity1 in late infancy have been detected. Now, the mass-screening for @entity2360 is in progress. Follow-up studies on the prophylaxis for more than thirty years definitely proved that the appearance of clinical symptoms was prevented with the continued @entity2361 therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX --evolutive panorama of diagnosis and treatment in the last forty years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity50567 :: ('MESH:C536004', 'Disease') :: ['hypoceruloplasminemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

answer: @entity2360 :: (MESH:D006527,Disease) :: ['Wilson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate an increase in plasma concentration of @entity4466 reactive substances as a non-invasive biochemical test of reperfusion after thrombolysis and to investigate the relation between the inflammatory response after @entity583 and the production of the substances. METHODS: Venous samples were taken from 19 @entity1 receiving thrombolysis for @entity583 before the start of therapy and every hour afterwards up to 5 hours and then at 24 and 48 hours and the concentration of @entity4466 reactive substances measured. These substances are markers of lipid peroxidation induced by free @entity26 radicals. Early reperfusion was judged by regression of ST elevation and late coronary artery patency from the results of coronary angiography 24-72 hours after thrombolysis. RESULTS: The concentration of @entity4466 reactive substances increased in only 6 out of 14 @entity1 with signs of early reperfusion. In @entity1 with late coronary artery patency the corresponding number was 6 out of 15. However, a significant increase in the concentration of @entity4466 reactive substances was found for the whole group 24 and 48 hours after treatment. The change in concentration in serum correlated significantly with that of @entity1851 --an acute phase reactant (r = 0.62, P < 0.01)--but not to the serum activities of markers of @entity1188 size such as @entity908 kinase B and @entity880 dehydrogenase. CONCLUSIONS: The fluorimetric assay used in this study to measure the concentration of @entity4466 reactive substances seems to be an insensitive method of detecting reperfusion after thrombolysis for @entity583 . The increase in concentrations found 24 and 48 hours after treatment correlated with @entity1851 concentrations but not with those of markers of @entity1188 size.

title: Transient release of lipid peroxidation products as a non-invasive marker of successful reperfusion after thrombolysis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Comparative pathology may serve as a practical tool for therapy by comparison of normal and abnormal structures of the digestive tract in animals and @entity1 . A better understanding of @entity694 as the most common solid @entity5 after @entity2 in the industrialized world is sought. In the so-called developed nations and in animals @entity694 is less frequent. The pathogenesis of @entity694 involves environmental and genetic factors. Several types of @entity14 can be discerned and the species distribution ranges from invertebrates to @entity1 . Colorectal neoplastic progression is species-specific. An intraspecies-specific @entity5 is also valuable. Alteration of signal transduction pathways and somatic mutations of oncogenes are described, as well as the occurrence, research and current treatment. @entity3 of @entity5 of the colon and of the rectum can be studied by intraspecies-specific comparison. Sections of this review deal with @entity560 and @entity5 and close with present therapies for @entity14 .

title: Interspecies comparative pathology of XXXX : relevance for treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['comparison of large bowel cancer', 'cancer', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasms']


abstract: Carumonam and @entity801 were compared in a prospective, randomized study of 52 @entity1 with complicated urinary tract infections. @entity1 were treated with either carumonam (1 g every 8 h) or @entity801 (1 mg/kg every 8 h). The mean duration of therapy (carumonam, 8.5 days; @entity801 , 8.5 days) was similar for both groups. A total of 45% of @entity1 treated with @entity16396 and 48% of those receiving @entity801 were cured, as defined by a negative culture 1 to 2 weeks after therapy. After 4 to 6 weeks, the figures were 27% for carumonam and 38% for @entity801 . In the carumonam group, there were 6 relapses and 11 reinfections. In the @entity801 group, there were eight relapses and five reinfections. Adverse effects in the carumonam group were limited to @entity3527 at the intravenous infusion site in two @entity1 ; another @entity1 developed @entity294 . Nephrotoxicity was documented in two @entity1 in the @entity801 treatment group (9%), and another @entity1 developed minor liver function disturbances. Three @entity1 with @entity801 -resistant carumonam-susceptible isolates were treated with carumonam, and two were cured. Urinary colonization with group D streptococci occurred in 7 of 27 (26%) carumonam-treated @entity1 compared with 7 of 19 (37%) @entity801 -treated @entity1 ; no one required treatment. A significant correlation was found between colonization with group D streptococci and @entity1494 (P less than 0.007). It is concluded that the use of the carumonam is as effective as the @entity801 regimen in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

title: XXXX (Ro 17-2301; @entity16396 ) compared with @entity801 for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['bloody diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity16396 :: ('MESH:C044145', 'Chemical') :: ['carumonam']

answer: @entity16396 :: (MESH:C044145,Chemical) :: ['Carumonam']


abstract: Carumonam and @entity801 were compared in a prospective, randomized study of 52 @entity1 with complicated urinary tract infections. @entity1 were treated with either carumonam (1 g every 8 h) or @entity801 (1 mg/kg every 8 h). The mean duration of therapy (carumonam, 8.5 days; @entity801 , 8.5 days) was similar for both groups. A total of 45% of @entity1 treated with @entity16396 and 48% of those receiving @entity801 were cured, as defined by a negative culture 1 to 2 weeks after therapy. After 4 to 6 weeks, the figures were 27% for carumonam and 38% for @entity801 . In the carumonam group, there were 6 relapses and 11 reinfections. In the @entity801 group, there were eight relapses and five reinfections. Adverse effects in the carumonam group were limited to @entity3527 at the intravenous infusion site in two @entity1 ; another @entity1 developed @entity294 . Nephrotoxicity was documented in two @entity1 in the @entity801 treatment group (9%), and another @entity1 developed minor liver function disturbances. Three @entity1 with @entity801 -resistant carumonam-susceptible isolates were treated with carumonam, and two were cured. Urinary colonization with group D streptococci occurred in 7 of 27 (26%) carumonam-treated @entity1 compared with 7 of 19 (37%) @entity801 -treated @entity1 ; no one required treatment. A significant correlation was found between colonization with group D streptococci and @entity1494 (P less than 0.007). It is concluded that the use of the carumonam is as effective as the @entity801 regimen in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

title: @entity16396 (Ro 17-2301; XXXX ) compared with @entity801 for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

answer: @entity16396 :: (MESH:C044145,Chemical) :: ['AMA-1080']


abstract: Carumonam and @entity801 were compared in a prospective, randomized study of 52 @entity1 with complicated urinary tract infections. @entity1 were treated with either carumonam (1 g every 8 h) or @entity801 (1 mg/kg every 8 h). The mean duration of therapy (carumonam, 8.5 days; @entity801 , 8.5 days) was similar for both groups. A total of 45% of @entity1 treated with @entity16396 and 48% of those receiving @entity801 were cured, as defined by a negative culture 1 to 2 weeks after therapy. After 4 to 6 weeks, the figures were 27% for carumonam and 38% for @entity801 . In the carumonam group, there were 6 relapses and 11 reinfections. In the @entity801 group, there were eight relapses and five reinfections. Adverse effects in the carumonam group were limited to @entity3527 at the intravenous infusion site in two @entity1 ; another @entity1 developed @entity294 . Nephrotoxicity was documented in two @entity1 in the @entity801 treatment group (9%), and another @entity1 developed minor liver function disturbances. Three @entity1 with @entity801 -resistant carumonam-susceptible isolates were treated with carumonam, and two were cured. Urinary colonization with group D streptococci occurred in 7 of 27 (26%) carumonam-treated @entity1 compared with 7 of 19 (37%) @entity801 -treated @entity1 ; no one required treatment. A significant correlation was found between colonization with group D streptococci and @entity1494 (P less than 0.007). It is concluded that the use of the carumonam is as effective as the @entity801 regimen in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

title: @entity16396 (Ro 17-2301; @entity16396 ) compared with XXXX for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: Review of the radiographs of 34 @entity1 with autosomal dominant @entity2525 revealed two distinct phenotypical types. Both were strictly family-related and exhibited progressive @entity1463 with aging. Descriptive, radiogrammetric and biochemical analyses were performed. Type I showed a pronounced @entity1463 of the skull with an enlarged thickness of the cranial wall. The @entity1463 of the skull in Type II was most striking at the base. In Type II there was a typical "Rugger-Jersey spine," and endobones ("bone within a bone") were seen in the pelvis. The radiogrammetric investigations of the long bones did not show any difference between the two types. Compared to normal controls, there was a normal total subperiosteal width (W), but a significant enlarged cortical thickness (C) (P less than 0.01), and thus a reduced medullary cavity (M), suggesting normal bone formation and disturbed bone resorption. Serum @entity1391 was lower in Type I compared to Type II (P less than 0.01), and serum acid phosphatase was markedly increased in Type II (P less than 0.01), suggesting differences between the two types in bone mineral metabolism and structural functions of the osteoclasts. The two types may represent two different entities with the same mode of inheritance, and in both cases with affected bone resorption.

title: Radiological, biochemical and hereditary evidence of two types of autosomal dominant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity2525 :: (MESH:D010022,Disease) :: ['osteopetrosis']


abstract: Projections of asbestos associated @entity5 mortality in the United States during the 25 year period 1985-2009 were made based on previously published estimates. These estimates were reviewed for @entity3620 , @entity2 , and @entity1820 . Particular attention was given to the assumptions used in the original derivation of the estimates. For @entity3620 mortality, previous estimates ranged from 15,500 to 300,000. Using recently published data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results project, coupled with the previously published estimates, projected asbestos related @entity3620 mortality in the United States for the period 1985-2009 was estimated to be 21,500. For @entity2 , previous estimates were reviewed, particularly with regard to the ratio of deaths from @entity2 to deaths from @entity3620 . Using these ratios, a range of projected deaths was established and a median of those estimates used as a project, which was 76,700 such deaths in the United States between 1985 and 2009. @entity1820 mortality has been projected by only three investigators. A median of those estimates (33,000) was used. In conclusion it is estimated that 131,200 deaths from asbestos associated @entity5 will occur in the United States between 1985 and 2009.

title: Projection of asbestos related diseases in the United States, 1985-2009. I. XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers', 'Gastrointestinal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12692 , or @entity12692 , is a rare cause of @entity1600 . Only 11 cases with pelvic localization in @entity1 have been reported. CASE: A pelvic mass mimicking an @entity5 was detected on a routine examination in a 26-year-old @entity1 . Surprisingly, the pelvic organs were found to be normal at laparotomy. Eight years later, the subject was examined for @entity546 and secondary infertility that lasted 2 years. A pelvic mass, evidently the one encountered 8 years previously, was detected; it had enlarged only slightly in the intervening time. Surgical exploration of the retropubic space revealed a @entity5 -like mass attached to the periosteum of the left superior pubic arch. The mass was removed by simple resection. Histologic investigations confirmed a diagnosis of @entity12692 . Three months after the operation, the @entity1 conceived without any further treatment. CONCLUSION: The possibility of @entity12692 should be considered when assessing a pelvic mass. The condition in the retropubic space in @entity1 has not been reported previously.

title: Pelvic XXXX mimicking an @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adnexal tumor']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ['Castleman disease', 'giant lymph node hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['Castleman disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12692 , or @entity12692 , is a rare cause of @entity1600 . Only 11 cases with pelvic localization in @entity1 have been reported. CASE: A pelvic mass mimicking an @entity5 was detected on a routine examination in a 26-year-old @entity1 . Surprisingly, the pelvic organs were found to be normal at laparotomy. Eight years later, the subject was examined for @entity546 and secondary infertility that lasted 2 years. A pelvic mass, evidently the one encountered 8 years previously, was detected; it had enlarged only slightly in the intervening time. Surgical exploration of the retropubic space revealed a @entity5 -like mass attached to the periosteum of the left superior pubic arch. The mass was removed by simple resection. Histologic investigations confirmed a diagnosis of @entity12692 . Three months after the operation, the @entity1 conceived without any further treatment. CONCLUSION: The possibility of @entity12692 should be considered when assessing a pelvic mass. The condition in the retropubic space in @entity1 has not been reported previously.

title: Pelvic @entity12692 mimicking an XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['adnexal tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Histopathologic changes in @entity1 lacrimal gland were investigated, and the relation between histopathologic parameters and @entity1 age and sex, as well as the histopathologic differences between @entity2694 of the lacrimal gland were analyzed. METHODS: Samples of the main @entity1 lacrimal gland that included the @entity1315 were taken in 80 autopsies. A statistical analysis was made based on light microscope observations with the following histopathologic changes as parameters: (1) @entity82 (focal, lobular, and diffuse); (2) acinar @entity194 (focal, lobular, and diffuse); (3) periductal @entity82 ; (4) interlobular ductal dilatation; (5) interlobular ductal proliferation; (6) lymphocytic foci; (7) periductal @entity2617 ; and (8) @entity1560 . RESULTS: The incidences of these parameters in the @entity2694 ranged from 3.8% to 35.0%. Lobular @entity82 , @entity1137 , diffuse @entity82 , @entity194 , periductal @entity82 , @entity2617 , and @entity1560 were more frequent in the orbital lobes with statistical significance, whereas interlobular ductal dilatation was more frequent in the @entity1315 . There were statistically significant correlations between age and diffuse @entity82 , @entity194 , and periductal @entity82 in the orbital lobes of @entity1 , and periductal @entity82 in the @entity1315 of @entity1 . Diffuse @entity82 and @entity194 in the orbital lobes were observed more frequently in elderly @entity1 than in elderly @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Various histopathologic changes were observed in the @entity1 lacrimal gland. Diffuse @entity82 , @entity194 , and periductal @entity82 predominantly found in elderly @entity1 suggested a relation with @entity9849 sicca in postmenopausal @entity1 . The authors speculate the periductal @entity82 is related to the decrease in tear fluid outflow with age and that interlobular ductal dilatation in the @entity1315 may be caused by stenosis of the excretory duct in the fornix of conjunctiva. Ductal pathologic changes may be @entity409 .

title: Histopathologic study of XXXX lacrimal gland. Statistical analysis with special reference to aging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['important in lacrimal gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['palpebral and orbital lobes']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['palpebral lobes', 'palpebral lobes and orbital lobes']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'diffuse atrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']