abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinical studies of @entity1 with @entity79 have been challenged by insufficient numbers at individual centres to draw valid conclusions. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of conducting a definitive multi-centre randomised controlled trial (RCT) to determine whether a five-day regimen of post-operative antibiotics, in comparison to a 24-hour regimen, decreases surgical site infections in @entity1 undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction for lower extremity primary @entity5 . METHODS: We performed a pilot international multi-centre RCT. We used central randomisation to conceal treatment allocation and sham antibiotics to blind @entity1 , surgeons, and data collectors. We determined feasibility by measuring @entity1 enrolment, completeness of follow-up, and protocol deviations for the antibiotic regimens. RESULTS: We screened 96 @entity1 and enrolled 60 @entity1 (44 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ) across 21 sites from four countries over 24 months (mean 2.13 @entity1 per site per year, standard deviation 2.14). One @entity1 was lost to follow-up and one withdrew consent. Complete data were obtained for 98% of eligible @entity1 at two weeks, 83% at six months, and 73% at one year (the remainder with partial data or pending queries). In total, 18 @entity1 missed at least one dose of antibiotics or placebo post-operatively, but 93% of all post-operative doses were administered per protocol. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to conduct a definitive multi-centre RCT of post-operative antibiotic regimens in @entity1 with @entity79 , but further expansion of our collaborative network will be critical. We have demonstrated an ability to coordinate in multiple countries, enrol @entity1 , maintain protocol adherence, and minimise losses to follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res;4:154-162.

title: Prophylactic antibiotic regimens in XXXX surgery (PARITY): a pilot multicentre randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumours']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hormonal androgenic treatment on antim  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ) serum levels in female-to-male (FtM) transsexual @entity1 . @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) is associated with elevated @entity248 levels. Some hypothesize that the high @entity248 level is a consequence of @entity342 -induced excessive development of small antral follicles. However, this role of @entity3800 is not yet clear. DESIGN: Observational, prospective, cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary academic medical center. @entity1 (S): Twenty-two FtM transsexual @entity1 , healthy native females receiving cross-sex hormone therapy/androgenic treatment. INTERVENTION(S): Androgenic treatment with @entity251 (T) and an aromatase inhibitor while endogenous hormone secretion was suppressed with the use of a GnRH agonist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): @entity9646 concentrations were measured before and after androgenic treatment (administration of T and aromatase inhibitor). Measured hormones: @entity248 , inhibin B, T, @entity2671 , @entity2990 , E2, @entity443 , LH, and FSH. RESULT(S): @entity248 concentrations were significantly lower after androgenic treatment (4.4    4.4   g/L vs. 1.4    2.1   g/L). Androgenic treatment resulted in a strong suppression of @entity248 secretion over a relative short period of 16  weeks. CONCLUSION(S): Our data underscore the likely important role of @entity3800 in the dynamics of folliculogenesis. It challenges the idea that @entity3800 induce high @entity248 levels, which is gaining more interest nowadays as an important particular @entity3610 feature. This strong decline furthermore indicates that @entity248 must be interpreted in the context of other reproductive endocrine conditions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NTR2493.

title: Antim  llerian hormone levels decrease in female-to-male transsexual @entity1 using XXXX as cross-sex therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hormonal androgenic treatment on antim  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ) serum levels in female-to-male (FtM) transsexual @entity1 . @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) is associated with elevated @entity248 levels. Some hypothesize that the high @entity248 level is a consequence of @entity342 -induced excessive development of small antral follicles. However, this role of @entity3800 is not yet clear. DESIGN: Observational, prospective, cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary academic medical center. @entity1 (S): Twenty-two FtM transsexual @entity1 , healthy native females receiving cross-sex hormone therapy/androgenic treatment. INTERVENTION(S): Androgenic treatment with @entity251 (T) and an aromatase inhibitor while endogenous hormone secretion was suppressed with the use of a GnRH agonist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): @entity9646 concentrations were measured before and after androgenic treatment (administration of T and aromatase inhibitor). Measured hormones: @entity248 , inhibin B, T, @entity2671 , @entity2990 , E2, @entity443 , LH, and FSH. RESULT(S): @entity248 concentrations were significantly lower after androgenic treatment (4.4    4.4   g/L vs. 1.4    2.1   g/L). Androgenic treatment resulted in a strong suppression of @entity248 secretion over a relative short period of 16  weeks. CONCLUSION(S): Our data underscore the likely important role of @entity3800 in the dynamics of folliculogenesis. It challenges the idea that @entity3800 induce high @entity248 levels, which is gaining more interest nowadays as an important particular @entity3610 feature. This strong decline furthermore indicates that @entity248 must be interpreted in the context of other reproductive endocrine conditions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NTR2493.

title: Antim  llerian hormone levels decrease in female-to-male transsexual XXXX using @entity251 as cross-sex therapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity56 can be viewed as an early manifestation of @entity1200 . Environmental exposures including @entity32 , diet, nutrient balance, microbial colonisation and toxin exposures can directly and indirectly influence immune programming in both pregnancy and the postnatal period. The intrauterine microclimate is critical for @entity1200 to sustain viable pregnancy, but appears susceptible to environmental conditions. Targeting aspects of the modern environment that promote aberrant patterns of immune response is logical for interventions aimed at primary prevention of @entity56 . Defining the mechanisms that underpin both natural and therapeutic acquisition of @entity1200 in childhood will provide insights into the drivers of persistent @entity1200 . In this review we summarise evidence that @entity566 is a consequence of intrauterine and early life @entity1200 , with specific focus on contributing environmental risk factors occurring preconception, in utero and in the early postnatal period. We explore the immunological mechanisms which underpin tolerance and persistence of @entity56 during childhood. It is likely that future investigations within these two domains will ultimately provide a road map for the primary prevention of @entity56 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mechanisms of XXXX - Environmental and genetic determinants for the development of @entity566 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['maternal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['maternal and foetal immunological tolerance', 'immune dysregulation', 'immunological tolerance']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease', 'Allergic disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity56 can be viewed as an early manifestation of @entity1200 . Environmental exposures including @entity32 , diet, nutrient balance, microbial colonisation and toxin exposures can directly and indirectly influence immune programming in both pregnancy and the postnatal period. The intrauterine microclimate is critical for @entity1200 to sustain viable pregnancy, but appears susceptible to environmental conditions. Targeting aspects of the modern environment that promote aberrant patterns of immune response is logical for interventions aimed at primary prevention of @entity56 . Defining the mechanisms that underpin both natural and therapeutic acquisition of @entity1200 in childhood will provide insights into the drivers of persistent @entity1200 . In this review we summarise evidence that @entity566 is a consequence of intrauterine and early life @entity1200 , with specific focus on contributing environmental risk factors occurring preconception, in utero and in the early postnatal period. We explore the immunological mechanisms which underpin tolerance and persistence of @entity56 during childhood. It is likely that future investigations within these two domains will ultimately provide a road map for the primary prevention of @entity56 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mechanisms of @entity56 - Environmental and genetic determinants for the development of XXXX .

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Low-grade cribriform @entity7157 (LGCCC) is a @entity5 . LGCCC occurs rarely, with the parotid gland being the most commonly afflicted site. Few cases arise in other sites. The present study reports a case of LGCCC that occurred at the palatal gland of the hard palate. A 56-year-old female was referred to Saitama Medical University Hospital (Moroyama, Saitama, Japan) due to an intraoral mass. Since cytological examination and biopsy led to a diagnosis favoring a @entity5 , but with uncertain malignant potential, the @entity5 was resected with a safe surgical margin. The specimen was thoroughly examined. Microscopically, there was a well-demarcated, unilocular cyst with the lumen lined by @entity5 cells. The @entity5 cells were arranged in tubular, cribriform and solid structures in the area of the intracystic mass lesions. Nuclear atypia was inconspicuous, although mitotic figures were observed throughout the @entity5 . Neither local nor perineural invasion was present. On immunohistochemistry, the @entity5 cells were diffusely positive for @entity4483 protein. Myoepithelial markers, calponin and @entity4206 , highlighted the cells rimming the @entity3928 . The final histopathological diagnosis was of LGCCC. The @entity5 was completely resected. At 1 year post-resection, the @entity1 exhibited no recurrence or distant @entity3 . LGCCC is regarded as clinically indolent. However, there is little literature available to aid with prognosis prediction due to the rarity of LGCCC cases. Thus, greater experience and longer follow-up periods are necessary to find the optimal/curative treatment for @entity1 with LGCCC and to clarify the pathophysiology.

title: Low-grade cribriform XXXX of the palatal gland: A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant salivary gland tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity7157 :: (MESH:D003536,Disease) :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']


abstract: Patulin (PAT), a mycotoxin contaminant of apples and apple products, has been implicated in nephrotoxicity. PAT depletes glutathione (GSH) and elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant (AO) response is activated by Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor ( @entity13791 ) and enhanced by @entity34268 ( @entity34268 ). The effects of PAT on these molecules have yet to be examined. We investigated the effects of PAT on AO response survival pathways in @entity1 embryonic kidney cells (HEK293). PAT @entity137 on HEK293 cells was evaluated (MTT assay; 24  h; [0-100   M]) to determine an IC50. GSH levels were measured using luminometry. Intracellular ROS was evaluated by flow cytometry. Protein expression of @entity13792 , @entity13791 , @entity34268 and @entity6217 was quantified by western blotting and gene expression of @entity4723 , @entity2196 was evaluated by qPCR. PAT caused a dose dependent decrease in HEK293 cell viability and a significant increase in levels of intracellular ROS (p  =  0.0006). A significant increase in protein expression (p  =  0.029) was observed. PAT increased gene expression of @entity4723 and @entity2196 (p  =  0.0043), however, gene expression of GPx was significantly reduced (p  =  0.0043). These results show the up-regulation of @entity13791 mediated AO mechanisms in response to PAT @entity137 .

title: Patulin triggers XXXX -mediated survival mechanisms in kidney cells.

entities_list: @entity34268 :: ('23410', 'Gene') :: ['SIRT3', 'Silent information regulator 3']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity13791 :: (4780,Gene) :: ['NRF2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The main cause of serious @entity580 is a Gram-negative pathogen known as @entity796 ( @entity796 ). Carbapenems are widely used as an appropriate treatment for these @entity281 , however resistance to these agents has been observed and is increasing. Metallo beta-lactamase (MBLs) enzyme is one of the main causes of resistance to @entity2893 . In the current study the frequency and production of VIM1 and @entity15598 by @entity2892 -resistant @entity796 isolates of @entity1 hospitalized in Imam Reza hospital were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 131 clinical samples were collected from @entity1 hospitalized in Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad during a 15-month period from May 2011 to November 2012. After verification of P. aeruginosa isolates, antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates were determined for 14 antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer standard disk diffusion according to the CLSI guidelines. Combined-disk test was used for phenotypic determination of MBLs-producing isolates and after DNA extraction, genotypic determination of VIM1 and @entity15598 metallo beta-lactamase genes was carried out using Multiplex-PCR. RESULTS: Of 63 @entity2892 -resistant isolates (48.5%), 56 (88.8%) were MBL-producing in phenotypic assessments. Also amongst @entity2892 -resistant isolates, the frequency of VIM1 and @entity15598 genes were 58.7 and 3.17%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study along with the results of the other conducted studies in Iran in recent years demonstrate that the average resistance to @entity2892 in @entity796 isolates was 51.3% which has increased in comparison with the results in 2006 (32.9%). It was also determined that the frequency of VIM1 gene was more than @entity15598 gene. In phenotypic assessment by using CD method, 49.6% of isolates were determined as MBLs-producing. The sensitivity and specificity of this method were verified in comparison with the results of PCR test.

title: Study on XXXX resistance and prevalence of blaVIM1 and blaVIM2 metallo-beta lactamases among clinical isolates of @entity796 from Mashhad, Northeast of Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity2892 :: (MESH:D015378,Chemical) :: ['imipenem']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The main cause of serious @entity580 is a Gram-negative pathogen known as @entity796 ( @entity796 ). Carbapenems are widely used as an appropriate treatment for these @entity281 , however resistance to these agents has been observed and is increasing. Metallo beta-lactamase (MBLs) enzyme is one of the main causes of resistance to @entity2893 . In the current study the frequency and production of VIM1 and @entity15598 by @entity2892 -resistant @entity796 isolates of @entity1 hospitalized in Imam Reza hospital were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 131 clinical samples were collected from @entity1 hospitalized in Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad during a 15-month period from May 2011 to November 2012. After verification of P. aeruginosa isolates, antibiotic resistance patterns of isolates were determined for 14 antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer standard disk diffusion according to the CLSI guidelines. Combined-disk test was used for phenotypic determination of MBLs-producing isolates and after DNA extraction, genotypic determination of VIM1 and @entity15598 metallo beta-lactamase genes was carried out using Multiplex-PCR. RESULTS: Of 63 @entity2892 -resistant isolates (48.5%), 56 (88.8%) were MBL-producing in phenotypic assessments. Also amongst @entity2892 -resistant isolates, the frequency of VIM1 and @entity15598 genes were 58.7 and 3.17%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study along with the results of the other conducted studies in Iran in recent years demonstrate that the average resistance to @entity2892 in @entity796 isolates was 51.3% which has increased in comparison with the results in 2006 (32.9%). It was also determined that the frequency of VIM1 gene was more than @entity15598 gene. In phenotypic assessment by using CD method, 49.6% of isolates were determined as MBLs-producing. The sensitivity and specificity of this method were verified in comparison with the results of PCR test.

title: Study on @entity2892 resistance and prevalence of blaVIM1 and blaVIM2 metallo-beta lactamases among clinical isolates of XXXX from Mashhad, Northeast of Iran.

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: During the last decades, @entity28 and @entity170 have become important global health problems, and the belief that @entity28 is protective against @entity170 has recently come into question. In fact, some recent epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown that a high level of fat mass might be a risk factor for @entity170 and @entity174 . Several potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain the complex relationship between adipose tissue and bone. Indeed, adipose tissue secretes various molecules, named adipokines, which are thought to have effects on metabolic, skeletal and cardiovascular systems. Moreover, fat tissue is one of the major sources of aromatase, an enzyme that synthesizes @entity172 from @entity342 precursors, hormones that play a pivotal role in the maintenance of skeletal homeostasis, protecting against @entity170 . Moreover, bone cells express several specific hormone receptors and recent observations have shown that bone-derived factors, such as osteocalcin and @entity1096 , affect body weight control and @entity413 homeostasis. Thus, the skeleton is considered an endocrine target organ and an endocrine organ itself, likely influencing other organs as well. Finally, adipocytes and osteoblasts originate from a common progenitor, a pluripotential mesenchymal stem cell, which has an equal propensity for differentiation into adipocytes or osteoblasts (or other lines) under the influence of several cell-derived transcription factors. This review will highlight recent insights into the relationship between fat and bone, evaluating both potential positive and negative influences between adipose and bone tissue. It will also focus on the hypothesis that @entity170 might be considered the @entity28 of bone.

title: The XXXX of bone.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fractures']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Valid screening tools are needed to identify Indian @entity1 and adolescents with mental health problems, both for clinical or research purposes. The present study validated the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in Malayalam across different informants and sub-scales. METHODS: A sample of 150 @entity1 and adolescents seen in a @entity146 clinic for @entity1 in Kerala, India was compared to a community sample of 1984 @entity1 from six surrounding urban and rural districts. @entity1 in clinic and community samples were screened with the parent-report SDQ; those over 11 y completed the self-report SDQ. The community sample was also screened with the teacher-report SDQ and the clinical sample received formal diagnoses from a @entity1 psychiatrist blind to SDQ scores. The discriminative validity of the SDQ was investigated using Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves and by assessing Area Under the Curve (AUC). RESULTS: The SDQ discriminated reliably between clinical and community samples for the SDQ total score and its subscales. Within the clinic sample, 49  % of @entity1 qualified for more than one broad diagnostic grouping. The SDQ discriminated between diagnostic categories in the clinic sample, but did so most effectively for @entity9054 . Based on the cut-offs that generated the highest combined value of sensitivity and specificity, the estimated rate of @entity146 in the community sample was 13.6  % (parent-report) and 7.3  % (self-report). CONCLUSIONS: The SDQ is a useful screening tool for @entity1 and @entity146 for Malayalam speakers in Kerala, India.

title: Validating Screening Tool in Malayalam for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduct disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent mental disorders', 'psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Mental Disorders']


abstract: In most cases of @entity3949 , demyelinization processes on the nerve lead to considerable decreases in the nerve conduction velocity. It has up to now been possible to substantiate the therapeutic success of neurotropic vitamins only by more or less subjective parameters obtained from numerous studies. In the present investigation of 33 diabetics with @entity305 it was possible to show that the nerve conduction velocity is a parameter which can be measured objectively for the monitoring of the development of @entity16 . The increases in the nerve conduction velocity, which had decreased prior to the beginning of treatment, coincided closely with clinical evaluations. The therapeutic use of Neurobion was assessed on the basis of this criterion. The dosage plan for hospitalized @entity1 differed from that for outpatients. In the case of inpatients who received high doses of vitamins, it was possible to substantiate the effect of Neurobion significantly in statistical terms by means of the corresponding increases in the nerve conduction velocity. There were different therapeutic results in both groups of @entity1 . The outpatients receiving smaller single doses as well as a smaller total dose of Neurobion could not be treated as successfully as the inpatient. This dose effect that is apparent must be substantiated by further investigations in this area.

title: Influence of neurotropic vitamins on the nerve conduction velocity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathies']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To describe the unique MRI findings of superior cervical ganglia (SCG) that may help differentiate them from retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLNs). METHODS: A retrospective review of post-treatment @entity11408 @entity1 from 1999 to 2012 identified three @entity1 previously irradiated for @entity11408 that were suspected of having recurrent @entity66 in retropharyngeal lymph nodes during surveillance MRI. Subsequent surgical exploration revealed enlarged SCG only; no retropharyngeal @entity66 was found. A cadaveric head specimen was also imaged with a 3T MRI before and after dissection. In addition, SCG were also harvested from three cadaveric specimens and subjected to histologic analysis. RESULTS: The SCG were found at the level of the C2 vertebral body, medial to the @entity6455 . They were ovoid on axial images and fusiform and elongated with tapered margins in the coronal plane. T2-weighted (T2W) signal was hyperintense. No central elevated T1-weighted (T1W) signal was seen within the ganglia in non-fat-saturated sequences to suggest the presence of a fatty hilum. Enhancement after @entity2287 was present. A central "black dot" was seen on axial T2W and post-contrast images in two of the three SCG demonstrated. Histology showed the central black line was comprised of venules and interlacing neurites within the central portion of the ganglion. CONCLUSIONS: The SCG can be mistaken for enlarged RPLNs in post-treatment @entity11408 @entity1 . However, there are features which can help differentiate them from RPLNs, preventing unnecessary therapy. These imaging findings have not been previously described.

title: Superior cervical ganglion mimicking retropharyngeal adenopathy in head and neck cancer XXXX : MRI features with anatomic, histologic, and surgical correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the most common form of @entity303 in the elderly. The recent evidence in @entity195 research suggests that alterations in the microRNA (miRNA) could contribute to risk for the disease. However, little is understood about the roles of miRNAs in @entity73 of early @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Here, we used 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 , which mimic many of the salient features of the early stage of @entity195 pathological process, to further investigate the roles of miRNAs in synaptic loss involved in learning and memory. We used miRNA expression microarrays on RNA extracted from the hippocampus of 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 and wild type @entity19 . Real-time reverse transcription PCR was conducted to verify the candidate miRNAs discovered by microarray analysis. The data showed that @entity71612 was increased significantly in the hippocampus of 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 , which were concomitant with that APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 at the same age displayed a significant synaptic loss and @entity73 . Bioinformatic analysis predicted that neuritin ( @entity71613 ) mRNA is targeted by @entity71612 . Overexpression of @entity71612 lowers the levels of neuritin and synaptic proteins expression in primary hippocampal neurons damage induced by Ab25-35. And the expression of @entity71612 was also up-regulated in the hippocampal neurons from APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 compared with WT littermates. In contrast, suppression of @entity71612 by @entity71612 inhibitor significantly results in higher levels of neuritin and synaptic proteins expression. Taken together, @entity71612 is involved in @entity73 in 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 through regulation of neuritin.

title: MicroRNA-574 is involved in XXXX in 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 through regulation of neuritin.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer* s disease']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the most common form of @entity303 in the elderly. The recent evidence in @entity195 research suggests that alterations in the microRNA (miRNA) could contribute to risk for the disease. However, little is understood about the roles of miRNAs in @entity73 of early @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Here, we used 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 , which mimic many of the salient features of the early stage of @entity195 pathological process, to further investigate the roles of miRNAs in synaptic loss involved in learning and memory. We used miRNA expression microarrays on RNA extracted from the hippocampus of 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 and wild type @entity19 . Real-time reverse transcription PCR was conducted to verify the candidate miRNAs discovered by microarray analysis. The data showed that @entity71612 was increased significantly in the hippocampus of 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 , which were concomitant with that APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 at the same age displayed a significant synaptic loss and @entity73 . Bioinformatic analysis predicted that neuritin ( @entity71613 ) mRNA is targeted by @entity71612 . Overexpression of @entity71612 lowers the levels of neuritin and synaptic proteins expression in primary hippocampal neurons damage induced by Ab25-35. And the expression of @entity71612 was also up-regulated in the hippocampal neurons from APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 compared with WT littermates. In contrast, suppression of @entity71612 by @entity71612 inhibitor significantly results in higher levels of neuritin and synaptic proteins expression. Taken together, @entity71612 is involved in @entity73 in 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 through regulation of neuritin.

title: MicroRNA-574 is involved in @entity73 in 5-month-old APP/ XXXX @entity19 through regulation of neuritin.

answer: @entity20933 :: (19164(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PS1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the most common form of @entity303 in the elderly. The recent evidence in @entity195 research suggests that alterations in the microRNA (miRNA) could contribute to risk for the disease. However, little is understood about the roles of miRNAs in @entity73 of early @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Here, we used 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 , which mimic many of the salient features of the early stage of @entity195 pathological process, to further investigate the roles of miRNAs in synaptic loss involved in learning and memory. We used miRNA expression microarrays on RNA extracted from the hippocampus of 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 and wild type @entity19 . Real-time reverse transcription PCR was conducted to verify the candidate miRNAs discovered by microarray analysis. The data showed that @entity71612 was increased significantly in the hippocampus of 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 , which were concomitant with that APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 at the same age displayed a significant synaptic loss and @entity73 . Bioinformatic analysis predicted that neuritin ( @entity71613 ) mRNA is targeted by @entity71612 . Overexpression of @entity71612 lowers the levels of neuritin and synaptic proteins expression in primary hippocampal neurons damage induced by Ab25-35. And the expression of @entity71612 was also up-regulated in the hippocampal neurons from APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 compared with WT littermates. In contrast, suppression of @entity71612 by @entity71612 inhibitor significantly results in higher levels of neuritin and synaptic proteins expression. Taken together, @entity71612 is involved in @entity73 in 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 @entity19 through regulation of neuritin.

title: MicroRNA-574 is involved in @entity73 in 5-month-old APP/ @entity20933 XXXX through regulation of neuritin.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy and @entity137 of combined @entity13750 with @entity1311 (LP) as a first line chemotherapy in @entity418 . METHODS: The clinical data of 45 @entity1 with @entity1721 treated initially with @entity13750 - @entity1311 chemotherapy were collected and reviewed retrospectively. The overall response, treatment @entity137 and @entity1282 relief were analyzed with SPSS software. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 42.2%, with 1 @entity1 (2.2%) showing complete remission, 18 @entity1 (40.0%) with partial remission, 19 (42.2%) with @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and 7 (15.6%) with progressive disease, respectively. The most common hematological @entity137 was @entity1210 with grade 0, I, II, III and IV in 16 (35.6%), 10 (22.2%), 11 (24.4%), 7 (15.6%), and 1 @entity1 (2.2%), respectively. Thirty-seven @entity1 (82.2%) experienced @entity1209 without grade III-IV instances occurring. Four @entity1 (8.9%) experienced grade I hepatotoxicity. No nephrotoxicity was observed. Five in thirteen @entity1 treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) suffered severe @entity1207 . The @entity1282 resolved or improved in 32 @entity1 (71%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity13750 - @entity1311 showed a significant antitumor effect to squamous @entity418 with manageable @entity137 . Limitation of the surveillance time and the retrospective nature, the effect that based on these data formal prospective trials appear warranted and are needed prior to routine first line use of this regimen.

title: The efficacy and XXXX of combined @entity13750 with @entity1311 as a first-line chemotherapy for advanced @entity1721 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['grade I-II nausea/vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity13750 :: ('MESH:C066228', 'Chemical') :: ['Lobaplatin', 'lobaplatin']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy and @entity137 of combined @entity13750 with @entity1311 (LP) as a first line chemotherapy in @entity418 . METHODS: The clinical data of 45 @entity1 with @entity1721 treated initially with @entity13750 - @entity1311 chemotherapy were collected and reviewed retrospectively. The overall response, treatment @entity137 and @entity1282 relief were analyzed with SPSS software. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 42.2%, with 1 @entity1 (2.2%) showing complete remission, 18 @entity1 (40.0%) with partial remission, 19 (42.2%) with @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and 7 (15.6%) with progressive disease, respectively. The most common hematological @entity137 was @entity1210 with grade 0, I, II, III and IV in 16 (35.6%), 10 (22.2%), 11 (24.4%), 7 (15.6%), and 1 @entity1 (2.2%), respectively. Thirty-seven @entity1 (82.2%) experienced @entity1209 without grade III-IV instances occurring. Four @entity1 (8.9%) experienced grade I hepatotoxicity. No nephrotoxicity was observed. Five in thirteen @entity1 treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) suffered severe @entity1207 . The @entity1282 resolved or improved in 32 @entity1 (71%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity13750 - @entity1311 showed a significant antitumor effect to squamous @entity418 with manageable @entity137 . Limitation of the surveillance time and the retrospective nature, the effect that based on these data formal prospective trials appear warranted and are needed prior to routine first line use of this regimen.

title: The efficacy and @entity137 of combined @entity13750 with @entity1311 as a first-line chemotherapy for advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy and @entity137 of combined @entity13750 with @entity1311 (LP) as a first line chemotherapy in @entity418 . METHODS: The clinical data of 45 @entity1 with @entity1721 treated initially with @entity13750 - @entity1311 chemotherapy were collected and reviewed retrospectively. The overall response, treatment @entity137 and @entity1282 relief were analyzed with SPSS software. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 42.2%, with 1 @entity1 (2.2%) showing complete remission, 18 @entity1 (40.0%) with partial remission, 19 (42.2%) with @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and 7 (15.6%) with progressive disease, respectively. The most common hematological @entity137 was @entity1210 with grade 0, I, II, III and IV in 16 (35.6%), 10 (22.2%), 11 (24.4%), 7 (15.6%), and 1 @entity1 (2.2%), respectively. Thirty-seven @entity1 (82.2%) experienced @entity1209 without grade III-IV instances occurring. Four @entity1 (8.9%) experienced grade I hepatotoxicity. No nephrotoxicity was observed. Five in thirteen @entity1 treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) suffered severe @entity1207 . The @entity1282 resolved or improved in 32 @entity1 (71%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity13750 - @entity1311 showed a significant antitumor effect to squamous @entity418 with manageable @entity137 . Limitation of the surveillance time and the retrospective nature, the effect that based on these data formal prospective trials appear warranted and are needed prior to routine first line use of this regimen.

title: The efficacy and @entity137 of combined XXXX with @entity1311 as a first-line chemotherapy for advanced @entity1721 .

answer: @entity13750 :: (MESH:C066228,Chemical) :: ['lobaplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the efficacy and @entity137 of combined @entity13750 with @entity1311 (LP) as a first line chemotherapy in @entity418 . METHODS: The clinical data of 45 @entity1 with @entity1721 treated initially with @entity13750 - @entity1311 chemotherapy were collected and reviewed retrospectively. The overall response, treatment @entity137 and @entity1282 relief were analyzed with SPSS software. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 42.2%, with 1 @entity1 (2.2%) showing complete remission, 18 @entity1 (40.0%) with partial remission, 19 (42.2%) with @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and 7 (15.6%) with progressive disease, respectively. The most common hematological @entity137 was @entity1210 with grade 0, I, II, III and IV in 16 (35.6%), 10 (22.2%), 11 (24.4%), 7 (15.6%), and 1 @entity1 (2.2%), respectively. Thirty-seven @entity1 (82.2%) experienced @entity1209 without grade III-IV instances occurring. Four @entity1 (8.9%) experienced grade I hepatotoxicity. No nephrotoxicity was observed. Five in thirteen @entity1 treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) suffered severe @entity1207 . The @entity1282 resolved or improved in 32 @entity1 (71%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity13750 - @entity1311 showed a significant antitumor effect to squamous @entity418 with manageable @entity137 . Limitation of the surveillance time and the retrospective nature, the effect that based on these data formal prospective trials appear warranted and are needed prior to routine first line use of this regimen.

title: The efficacy and @entity137 of combined @entity13750 with XXXX as a first-line chemotherapy for advanced @entity1721 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) vision systems are now available for thoracic surgery. It is unclear whether 3D video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is superior to 2D VATS systems. This study aimed to compare the operative and perioperative data between 2D and 3D VATS lobectomy (VTL) and to identify the actual role of 3D VTL in thoracic surgery. METHODS: A two-institutional comparative study was conducted from November 2013 to November 2014 at Liaoning Cancer Hospital _ Institute and the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China, of 300 @entity1 with resectable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 were assigned to receive either the 3D VATS (n=150) or 2D VATS (n=150) lobectomy. The operative and perioperative data between 2D VATS and 3D VATS were compared. RESULTS: Although there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of each single complication, a significantly less operative time was found in the 3D VATS group (145 min) than in the 2D VATS group (176 min) (P=0.006). Postoperative mortality rates in 3D VATS and 2D VATS groups were both 0%.No significant difference was found between groups for estimated @entity190 (P=0.893), chest drainage tube placement time (P=0.397), length of hospital stay (P=0.199), number of lymph nodes resected (P=0.397), @entity260 (P=0.882) and cost of care (P=0.913). CONCLUSIONS: Early results of this study demonstrate that the 3D VATS lobectomy procedure can be performed with less operative time. 3D VATS and 2D VATS lobectomy are both safe procedures in first-line surgical treatment of @entity1149 .

title: A comparative analysis of lung cancer XXXX treated with lobectomy via three-dimensional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus two-dimensional resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report a case of Grade 3 radiation @entity1322 after administration of a combination of @entity3003 , @entity1311 , and bevacizumab, following irradiation for a locally advanced cervical @entity5 . A 50-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with an FIGO Stage IIIb @entity957 of the cervix with bilateral pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes.  She underwent concurrent chemoradiation followed by @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) intracavitary brachytherapy. She had a complete loco-regional response.  A supraclavicular recurrence was diagnosed three months after completing treatment and two cycles of @entity3003 , @entity1205 , and bevacizumab were given in April 2014.  Shortly after the second cycle, she was admitted to the hospital for significant @entity490 , @entity294 followed by symptoms of bowel subocclusion.  The CT scan and endoscopic images revealed thickening of the sigmoid wall with important @entity4 and @entity8721 . The biopsy was consistent with acute radiation-induced @entity1960 .  Because of persistent digestive symptoms, a diverting ileostomy was done few months later.  The location, timing, pathology, and its association with a  high-dose region are analyzed in this case report.

title: Grade 3 Radiation Recall XXXX after Treatment for Locally Advanced @entity5 : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity1322 :: ('MESH:D012810', 'Disease') :: ['recall sigmoiditis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

answer: @entity1322 :: (MESH:D012810,Disease) :: ['Sigmoiditis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We report a case of Grade 3 radiation @entity1322 after administration of a combination of @entity3003 , @entity1311 , and bevacizumab, following irradiation for a locally advanced cervical @entity5 . A 50-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with an FIGO Stage IIIb @entity957 of the cervix with bilateral pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes.  She underwent concurrent chemoradiation followed by @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) intracavitary brachytherapy. She had a complete loco-regional response.  A supraclavicular recurrence was diagnosed three months after completing treatment and two cycles of @entity3003 , @entity1205 , and bevacizumab were given in April 2014.  Shortly after the second cycle, she was admitted to the hospital for significant @entity490 , @entity294 followed by symptoms of bowel subocclusion.  The CT scan and endoscopic images revealed thickening of the sigmoid wall with important @entity4 and @entity8721 . The biopsy was consistent with acute radiation-induced @entity1960 .  Because of persistent digestive symptoms, a diverting ileostomy was done few months later.  The location, timing, pathology, and its association with a  high-dose region are analyzed in this case report.

title: Grade 3 Radiation Recall @entity1322 after Treatment for Locally Advanced XXXX : A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is caused by an @entity792 on pancreatic beta cells that leads to @entity1720 . The incidence of @entity1723 in Australia has doubled over the past 20 years. @entity1723 treatment focuses on physiological insulin replacement, aiming for near-normal blood @entity413 levels. Hypoglycaemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1723 . Optimal @entity1723 management is complex, and is enhanced by empowering individuals in all aspects of managing @entity6 . New technologies, including insulin pumps, continuous @entity413 monitors and sensor-augmented pumps, can assist @entity1 achieve better glycaemic control and reduce the risk of severe hypoglycaemia. @entity1 with @entity1723 can achieve significantly better outcomes during pregnancy and for their @entity1 by planning for their pregnancy and by intensive glycaemic control. Several trials are underway that seek to identify the determinants of autoimmunity and to develop therapies that prevent @entity1723 in at-risk individuals. Pancreatic and islet cell transplants are proven therapies, but are only offered to individuals with @entity6 and @entity177 (pancreas) or severe hypoglycaemia unawareness (islet cell transplants). Although @entity1723 is still associated with considerable premature mortality, recent findings show that a significant improvement in life expectancy has occurred.

title: Recent advances in type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Women', 'infants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes', 'T1D']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune attack']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1649 ( @entity1649 ) is characterized by involuntary, irregular clonic or tonic movement of muscles innervated by the facial nerve. We evaluated structural reorganization in brain gray matter and white matter and whether neuroplasticity is linked to clinical features in @entity1649 @entity1 . METHODS: High-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging data were acquired by 3.0T MRI from 42 @entity1 with @entity1649 and 30 healthy subjects. The severity of the @entity2473 was assessed according to @entity717 rating scale. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis were performed to identify regional grey matter volume (GMV) changes and whole-brain microstructural integrity disruption measured by fractional anisotropy (FA), @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). RESULTS: The VBM analysis showed that @entity1 with @entity1649 reduced GMV in the right inferior parietal lobule and increased GMV in the cerebellar lobule @entity797 , when compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, within the @entity1649 disease group, GMV decreased with the disease duration in the right inferior parietal lobule. TBSS did not identify group differences in diffusivity parameters. CONCLUSIONS: While no white matter integrity disruption was detected in the brain of @entity1 with @entity1649 , our study identified evident GMV changes in brain areas which were known to be involved in motor control. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results suggest that @entity1649 , a chronic neurovascular conflict disease, is related to structural reorganization in the brain.

title: Structural brain alterations in hemifacial XXXX : A voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Jankovic disability']

entities_list: @entity1649 :: ('MESH:D019569', 'Disease') :: ['HFS', 'Hemifacial spasm']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tolerance refers to the diminished effect of a drug following its repeated administration such that a larger dose is needed to obtain the initial effect. Tolerance to a drug's effects on operant behavior is more likely to develop when initial drug administration results in a loss of reinforcement. It remains unknown how offsetting loss of reinforcement influences the development of tolerance. Providing extra (non-contingent) food pellets was hypothesized to impede the development of tolerance to effects of a repeatedly administered dose of @entity2254 that reduced the number of food pellets earned by @entity35 . A multiple schedule with two variable-interval (VI) 60-s components resulting in food delivery was used to maintain lever pressing. Extra food pellets were provided in one of those components according to a variable-time (VT) 120-s or a VT 30-s schedule for separate groups of @entity35 (n=6 for each group). Effects of @entity2254 (0.1-3.0mg/kg) were tested before (acute) and during (chronic) injections (45days) of an individually selected, repeatedly administered dose that reduced the number of food pellets earned by at least 50% compared to when saline was tested acutely. There was a dose-dependent decrease in lever-press rates and food pellets earned. The development of tolerance was quantified by dividing the area-under-the-curve (AUC) of the chronic dose-effect function by the AUC of the acute dose-effect function. Tolerance developed to a similar extent in components with and without extra food pellets for @entity35 in both groups. These results indicate that offsetting reinforcement loss, at least as studied here, did not differentially affect tolerance development.

title: Extra (non-contingent) food does not affect behavioral tolerance to XXXX 's rate-decreasing effects.

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

answer: @entity2254 :: (MESH:D003913,Chemical) :: ['d-amphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pre-clinical research has shown b2 -adrenoceptors to be essential for the antiallodynic action of antidepressant drugs in @entity19 models of @entity9 and that sustained treatment with b2 -agonists has an antiallodynic action. Here, we clinically investigated whether chronic b2 -agonist treatments may influence the incidence of post-thoracotomy @entity1118 , @entity158 that recurs or persists along a thoracotomy scar more than 2  months after surgery, either @entity1109 . METHODS: We conducted an epidemiological study on @entity1 operated by thoracotomy. Demographic data, medical history and treatments concomitant to the surgery were recorded at a follow-up visit. Information on perioperative treatments was collected from the anaesthesia records and confirmed by the @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity158 at the surgery level, post-thoracotomy @entity1118 was assessed by clinical examination and numeric scale. Physical examination and @entity25255 questionnaire were used to discriminate @entity9 at scar level. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-nine @entity1 were included. Eighty-one @entity1 reported persisting @entity158 , with neuropathic characteristics in 58 of them (30% of the 189 @entity1 ). The most common chronic drugs during the perioperative period were inhaled b2 -agonists (28.6%). The chronic use of b2 -agonists was an independent predictor of thoracic @entity9 (but not of @entity9 ) and was associated with a five-fold decrease in the relative incidence of @entity9 [OR  =  0.19 (0.06-0.45)]. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a possible influence of chronic b2 -agonist treatments on @entity9 secondary to thoracotomy. This apparent preventive effect of b2 -agonist treatments should warrant controlled clinical trials.

title: Effects of b2 agonists on post-thoracotomy XXXX incidence.

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic or non-neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'thoracic pain', 'defined as pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'non-neuropathic pain', 'neuropathic and non-neuropathic chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study we demonstrated that the vaccine candidate against avian influenza virus H5N1 based on the hemagglutinin H5 (HA) fused to the @entity1573 @entity71614 ( @entity71615 ) can also be used for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). As the strategy of DIVA requires at least two proteins, we obtained a variant of the nucleoprotein (NP49-375) in @entity526 . After its purification by IMAC, the competence of the proteins NP49-375 and @entity71615 as coating antigens in indirect ELISA assays were tested by using the sera of @entity1573 immunized with the proteins HA and @entity71615 and the reference sera from several avian influenza subtypes. Together with these sera, the sera from different species of birds and the sera of @entity1573 infected with other avian @entity1800 were analyzed by competition ELISA assays coated with the proteins NP49-375 and @entity71615 . The results showed that the segment @entity71614 in the chimeric protein @entity71615 did not interfere with the recognition of the molecule HA by its specific antibodies. Also, we observed variable detection levels when the reference sera were analyzed in the ELISA plates coated with the protein NP49-375. Moreover, only the antibodies of the reference serum subtype H5 were detected in the ELISA plates coated with the protein @entity71615 . The competition ELISA assays showed percentages of inhibition of 88-91% for the positives sera and less than 20% for the negative sera. We fixed the cut-off value of these assays at 25%. No antibody detection was observed in the sera from different species of birds or the sera of @entity1573 infected with other avian @entity1800 . This study supported the fact that the ELISA assays using the proteins NP49-375 and @entity71615 could be valuable tools for avian influenza surveillance and as a strategy of DIVA for counteracting the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 outbreaks.

title: Dual function of the hemagglutinin H5 fused to @entity1573 XXXX in a potential strategy of DIVA against avian influenza disease: preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral diseases']

answer: @entity71614 :: (395485(Tax:9031),Gene) :: ['CD154']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study we demonstrated that the vaccine candidate against avian influenza virus H5N1 based on the hemagglutinin H5 (HA) fused to the @entity1573 @entity71614 ( @entity71615 ) can also be used for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). As the strategy of DIVA requires at least two proteins, we obtained a variant of the nucleoprotein (NP49-375) in @entity526 . After its purification by IMAC, the competence of the proteins NP49-375 and @entity71615 as coating antigens in indirect ELISA assays were tested by using the sera of @entity1573 immunized with the proteins HA and @entity71615 and the reference sera from several avian influenza subtypes. Together with these sera, the sera from different species of birds and the sera of @entity1573 infected with other avian @entity1800 were analyzed by competition ELISA assays coated with the proteins NP49-375 and @entity71615 . The results showed that the segment @entity71614 in the chimeric protein @entity71615 did not interfere with the recognition of the molecule HA by its specific antibodies. Also, we observed variable detection levels when the reference sera were analyzed in the ELISA plates coated with the protein NP49-375. Moreover, only the antibodies of the reference serum subtype H5 were detected in the ELISA plates coated with the protein @entity71615 . The competition ELISA assays showed percentages of inhibition of 88-91% for the positives sera and less than 20% for the negative sera. We fixed the cut-off value of these assays at 25%. No antibody detection was observed in the sera from different species of birds or the sera of @entity1573 infected with other avian @entity1800 . This study supported the fact that the ELISA assays using the proteins NP49-375 and @entity71615 could be valuable tools for avian influenza surveillance and as a strategy of DIVA for counteracting the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 outbreaks.

title: Dual function of the hemagglutinin H5 fused to XXXX @entity71614 in a potential strategy of DIVA against avian influenza disease: preliminary study.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: Objective measures of @entity235 gait quality via force plates, pressure mats or kinematic analysis are considered superior to subjective gait assessment (SGA). Despite research demonstrating that SGA does not accurately detect @entity1273 , it remains the most commonly performed diagnostic test for detecting @entity1273 in @entity235 . This is largely because the financial, temporal and spatial requirements for existing objective gait analysis equipment makes this technology impractical for use in general practice. The utility of slow motion video as a potential tool to augment SGA is currently untested. To evaluate a more accessible way to overcome the limitations of SGA, a slow motion video study was undertaken. Three experienced veterinarians reviewed video footage of 30 @entity235 , 15 with a diagnosis of primary limb @entity1273 based on history and physical examination, and 15 with no indication of limb @entity1273 based on history and physical examination. Four different videos were made for each @entity235 , demonstrating each @entity235 walking and trotting in real time, and then again walking and trotting in 50% slow motion. For each video, the veterinary raters assessed both the degree of @entity1273 , and which limb(s) they felt represented the source of the @entity1273 . Spearman's rho, Cramer's V, and t-tests were performed to determine if slow motion video increased either the accuracy or consistency of raters' SGA relative to real time video. Raters demonstrated no significant increase in consistency or accuracy in their SGA of slow motion video relative to real time video. Based on these findings, slow motion video does not increase the consistency or accuracy of SGA values. Further research is required to determine if slow motion video will benefit SGA in other ways.

title: Effectiveness of slow motion video compared to real time video in improving the accuracy and consistency of subjective gait analysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1273 :: ('MESH:D007794', 'Disease') :: ['lameness', 'subtle lameness']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 are frequently seen in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section (CS) under regional anesthesia. We aimed to compare the antiemetic efficacy of @entity3974 and @entity619 combination with that of the use of each agent alone to decrease the incidence of postdelivery intra- and post-operative @entity1209 during CS under spinal anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, prospective, double-blind study was performed on 90 @entity1 undergoing planned CS under spinal anesthesia. The @entity1 received 4 mg @entity3974 in Group O, 8 mg @entity619 in Group D, and 4 mg @entity3974 +8 mg @entity619 in Group OD intravenously within 1-2 min after the umbilical cord was clamped. Frequency of postdelivery intra- and post-operative @entity1209 episodes was recorded. RESULTS: A total of 90 eligible @entity1 were included in the study. There were 30 @entity1 in Group O, 30 @entity1 in Group D, and 30 @entity1 in Group OD. Intraoperative @entity390 in Group D was more than the other two groups. @entity1209 in group OD was lesser than the other two groups. Intraoperative @entity391 in Group OD was lesser than the other two groups. There was no statistically significant difference among the @entity1209 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combined use of @entity619 and @entity3974 for the same indication seems to increase the antiemetic efficacy.

title: Comparing the effect of intravenous XXXX , intravenous @entity3974 , and their combination on @entity1209 in cesarean section with spinal anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['groups in postoperative vomiting', 'Nausea and vomiting', 'Postoperative nausea', 'nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 are frequently seen in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section (CS) under regional anesthesia. We aimed to compare the antiemetic efficacy of @entity3974 and @entity619 combination with that of the use of each agent alone to decrease the incidence of postdelivery intra- and post-operative @entity1209 during CS under spinal anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, prospective, double-blind study was performed on 90 @entity1 undergoing planned CS under spinal anesthesia. The @entity1 received 4 mg @entity3974 in Group O, 8 mg @entity619 in Group D, and 4 mg @entity3974 +8 mg @entity619 in Group OD intravenously within 1-2 min after the umbilical cord was clamped. Frequency of postdelivery intra- and post-operative @entity1209 episodes was recorded. RESULTS: A total of 90 eligible @entity1 were included in the study. There were 30 @entity1 in Group O, 30 @entity1 in Group D, and 30 @entity1 in Group OD. Intraoperative @entity390 in Group D was more than the other two groups. @entity1209 in group OD was lesser than the other two groups. Intraoperative @entity391 in Group OD was lesser than the other two groups. There was no statistically significant difference among the @entity1209 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combined use of @entity619 and @entity3974 for the same indication seems to increase the antiemetic efficacy.

title: Comparing the effect of intravenous @entity619 , intravenous @entity3974 , and their combination on XXXX in cesarean section with spinal anesthesia.

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea and vomiting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 are frequently seen in @entity1 undergoing cesarean section (CS) under regional anesthesia. We aimed to compare the antiemetic efficacy of @entity3974 and @entity619 combination with that of the use of each agent alone to decrease the incidence of postdelivery intra- and post-operative @entity1209 during CS under spinal anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, prospective, double-blind study was performed on 90 @entity1 undergoing planned CS under spinal anesthesia. The @entity1 received 4 mg @entity3974 in Group O, 8 mg @entity619 in Group D, and 4 mg @entity3974 +8 mg @entity619 in Group OD intravenously within 1-2 min after the umbilical cord was clamped. Frequency of postdelivery intra- and post-operative @entity1209 episodes was recorded. RESULTS: A total of 90 eligible @entity1 were included in the study. There were 30 @entity1 in Group O, 30 @entity1 in Group D, and 30 @entity1 in Group OD. Intraoperative @entity390 in Group D was more than the other two groups. @entity1209 in group OD was lesser than the other two groups. Intraoperative @entity391 in Group OD was lesser than the other two groups. There was no statistically significant difference among the @entity1209 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Combined use of @entity619 and @entity3974 for the same indication seems to increase the antiemetic efficacy.

title: Comparing the effect of intravenous @entity619 , intravenous XXXX , and their combination on @entity1209 in cesarean section with spinal anesthesia.

answer: @entity3974 :: (MESH:D017294,Chemical) :: ['ondansetron']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity571 is a common disease. However, its causes and morphological features of diseased cartilage surfaces are not well understood. The purposes of this research were (a) to develop quantitative surface characterization techniques to study @entity1 cartilages at a micron and submicron scale and (b) to investigate distinctive changes in the surface morphologies and biomechanical properties of the cartilages in different @entity571 grades. Diseased cartilage samples collected from @entity571 @entity1 were prepared for image acquisition using two different techniques, that is, laser scanning microscopy at a micrometer scale and atomic force microscopy at a nanometer scale. Three-dimensional, digital images of @entity1 cartilages were processed and analyzed quantitatively. This study has demonstrated that high-quality three-dimensional images of @entity1 cartilage surfaces could be obtained in a hydrated condition using laser scanning microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Based on the numerical data extracted from improved image quality and quantity, it has been found that @entity571 evolution can be identified by specific surface features at the micrometer scale, and these features are amplitude and functional property related. At the submicron level, the spatial features of the surfaces were revealed to differ between early and advanced @entity571 grades. The effective indentation moduli of @entity1 cartilages effectively revealed the cartilage deterioration. The imaging acquisition and numerical analysis methods established allow quantitative studies of distinctive changes in cartilage surface characteristics and better understanding of the cartilage degradation process.

title: Investigations of micron and submicron wear features of diseased XXXX cartilage surfaces.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging findings of @entity439 , @entity439 wall enhancement, perianeurysmal @entity4 , and @entity887 following deployment of flow-diverting stents may be relevant to those @entity1 who subsequently experience procedure-related @entity932 . We sought to document the routine early postoperative MR imaging findings following flow-diverting stent insertion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 requiring flow-diverting stent placement for treatment or retreatment of @entity438 were prospectively included in the study during a 26-month period. Early postprocedural MR imaging studies were obtained and compared with preoperative imaging. @entity1 clinical outcome data were also collected. RESULTS: There were 34 stent-placement procedures during the study period. @entity439 and mild new perianeurysmal @entity4 were present in 50% and 14%, respectively. Any @entity75 was present in 57% of cases. New or possibly new foci of susceptibility effect were found ipsilateral to the stent and not associated with diffusion restriction in 66% of cases. There were 2 cases (6%) of @entity548 and 2 major clinical complications (6%) causing permanent morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic @entity439 mural enhancement is frequently seen following flow-diverting stent placement and should not necessarily be interpreted as a sign of impending @entity1756 . This finding often persists despite complete @entity439 . New small brain parenchymal susceptibility foci following stent placement have not previously been reported, to our knowledge, but were common in our series.

title: Prospective Study of Early MRI Appearances following Flow-Diverting Stent Placement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['DWI lesion']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic phenomena']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm mural enhancement', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysm occlusion', 'aneurysm enlargement']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2531 ( @entity2531 ) have often been linked to psychopathology. The aim of the current study was to compare prevalence rates of @entity146 among individuals with @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ), @entity239 ( @entity239 ), and @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). METHODS: This study was conducted in 94,516 @entity1 (mean [standard deviation] age = 44.6 [12.5] years, 58.7% @entity1 ) of the general-population cohort LifeLines. @entity2531 were assessed by self-reports. @entity1316 (i.e., major @entity308 and dysthymia) and @entity148 (i.e., generalized @entity148 , @entity913 , @entity4697 with/without @entity8396 , and @entity8396 ) were assessed by means of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Risks on @entity146 were compared for individuals with @entity5815 , @entity239 , and @entity1744 by using logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: Prevalence rates of @entity5815 , @entity239 , and @entity1744 were 1.3%, 3.0%, and 9.7%, respectively. Individuals with @entity5815 , @entity239 , and @entity1744 had significantly more mood (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.72-5.42) and @entity148 (ORs = 1.52-3.96) than did individuals without @entity2531 , but prevalence rates were low (1.6%-28.6%). Individuals with @entity5815 more often had mood (ORs = 2.00-4.08) and @entity148 (ORs = 1.63-2.32) than did individuals with @entity239 and @entity1744 . @entity308 was more common in @entity239 than in @entity1744 (OR = 1.58, 95% confidence interval = 1.24-2.01), whereas these groups did not differ on dysthymia or @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: Mood and @entity148 are more prevalent in individuals with @entity2531 , and particularly @entity5815 , than in individuals without @entity2531 . However, most individuals with @entity2531 do not have mood or @entity148 .

title: Mood and @entity148 in @entity5815 , XXXX , and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Results From the LifeLines Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'Major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders', 'anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['FSSs', 'Functional somatic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['Fibromyalgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2531 ( @entity2531 ) have often been linked to psychopathology. The aim of the current study was to compare prevalence rates of @entity146 among individuals with @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ), @entity239 ( @entity239 ), and @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). METHODS: This study was conducted in 94,516 @entity1 (mean [standard deviation] age = 44.6 [12.5] years, 58.7% @entity1 ) of the general-population cohort LifeLines. @entity2531 were assessed by self-reports. @entity1316 (i.e., major @entity308 and dysthymia) and @entity148 (i.e., generalized @entity148 , @entity913 , @entity4697 with/without @entity8396 , and @entity8396 ) were assessed by means of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Risks on @entity146 were compared for individuals with @entity5815 , @entity239 , and @entity1744 by using logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: Prevalence rates of @entity5815 , @entity239 , and @entity1744 were 1.3%, 3.0%, and 9.7%, respectively. Individuals with @entity5815 , @entity239 , and @entity1744 had significantly more mood (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.72-5.42) and @entity148 (ORs = 1.52-3.96) than did individuals without @entity2531 , but prevalence rates were low (1.6%-28.6%). Individuals with @entity5815 more often had mood (ORs = 2.00-4.08) and @entity148 (ORs = 1.63-2.32) than did individuals with @entity239 and @entity1744 . @entity308 was more common in @entity239 than in @entity1744 (OR = 1.58, 95% confidence interval = 1.24-2.01), whereas these groups did not differ on dysthymia or @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: Mood and @entity148 are more prevalent in individuals with @entity2531 , and particularly @entity5815 , than in individuals without @entity2531 . However, most individuals with @entity2531 do not have mood or @entity148 .

title: Mood and @entity148 in XXXX , @entity239 , and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Results From the LifeLines Cohort Study.

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['Chronic Fatigue Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2531 ( @entity2531 ) have often been linked to psychopathology. The aim of the current study was to compare prevalence rates of @entity146 among individuals with @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ), @entity239 ( @entity239 ), and @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). METHODS: This study was conducted in 94,516 @entity1 (mean [standard deviation] age = 44.6 [12.5] years, 58.7% @entity1 ) of the general-population cohort LifeLines. @entity2531 were assessed by self-reports. @entity1316 (i.e., major @entity308 and dysthymia) and @entity148 (i.e., generalized @entity148 , @entity913 , @entity4697 with/without @entity8396 , and @entity8396 ) were assessed by means of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Risks on @entity146 were compared for individuals with @entity5815 , @entity239 , and @entity1744 by using logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: Prevalence rates of @entity5815 , @entity239 , and @entity1744 were 1.3%, 3.0%, and 9.7%, respectively. Individuals with @entity5815 , @entity239 , and @entity1744 had significantly more mood (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.72-5.42) and @entity148 (ORs = 1.52-3.96) than did individuals without @entity2531 , but prevalence rates were low (1.6%-28.6%). Individuals with @entity5815 more often had mood (ORs = 2.00-4.08) and @entity148 (ORs = 1.63-2.32) than did individuals with @entity239 and @entity1744 . @entity308 was more common in @entity239 than in @entity1744 (OR = 1.58, 95% confidence interval = 1.24-2.01), whereas these groups did not differ on dysthymia or @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: Mood and @entity148 are more prevalent in individuals with @entity2531 , and particularly @entity5815 , than in individuals without @entity2531 . However, most individuals with @entity2531 do not have mood or @entity148 .

title: Mood and XXXX in @entity5815 , @entity239 , and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Results From the LifeLines Cohort Study.

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety Disorders']


abstract: Members of the heterochromatin protein 1 family ( @entity12061 , b and y) are mostly associated with heterochromatin and play important roles in gene regulation and DNA damage response. Altered expression of individual @entity12061 subtype has profound impacts on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. We analyzed the expression profile of @entity12061 family by data mining using a published microarray data set coupled with retrospective immunohistochemistry analyses of archived @entity0 biospecimens. We found that the @entity1 group overexpressing @entity37159 mRNA is associated with poorly differentiated @entity0 and with a significantly lower survival rate. Immunohistochemical staining against @entity12061 , @entity37159 and HP1y shows that respective @entity12061 expression level is frequently altered in @entity0 . 57.4-60.1% of samples examined showed high @entity37159 expression and 39.9-42.6 % of examined @entity5 showed no or low expression of each @entity12061 subtype. Interestingly, comparative analysis on @entity12061 expression profile and @entity0 markers revealed a positive correlation between the respective expression level of all three @entity12061 subtypes and Ki-67, a cell proliferation and well-known @entity0 marker. To explore the effect of individual @entity12061 on @entity9190 inhibitor therapy for @entity0 , MCF7 @entity0 cells and individually @entity12061 -depleted MCF7 cells were treated with @entity9190 inhibitor @entity46804 with or without @entity3003 . Notably, @entity37159 -knockdown cells are hypersensitive to the @entity9190 inhibitor @entity46804 alone and its combination with @entity3003 . In summary, while increased @entity37159 expression is associated with the poor prognosis in @entity0 , compromised @entity37159 abundance may serve as a useful predictive marker for chemotherapy, including @entity9190 inhibitors against @entity0 .

title: @entity37159 is a biomarker for @entity0 prognosis and XXXX inhibitor therapy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

answer: @entity9190 :: (1302,Gene) :: ['PARP']


abstract: Members of the heterochromatin protein 1 family ( @entity12061 , b and y) are mostly associated with heterochromatin and play important roles in gene regulation and DNA damage response. Altered expression of individual @entity12061 subtype has profound impacts on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. We analyzed the expression profile of @entity12061 family by data mining using a published microarray data set coupled with retrospective immunohistochemistry analyses of archived @entity0 biospecimens. We found that the @entity1 group overexpressing @entity37159 mRNA is associated with poorly differentiated @entity0 and with a significantly lower survival rate. Immunohistochemical staining against @entity12061 , @entity37159 and HP1y shows that respective @entity12061 expression level is frequently altered in @entity0 . 57.4-60.1% of samples examined showed high @entity37159 expression and 39.9-42.6 % of examined @entity5 showed no or low expression of each @entity12061 subtype. Interestingly, comparative analysis on @entity12061 expression profile and @entity0 markers revealed a positive correlation between the respective expression level of all three @entity12061 subtypes and Ki-67, a cell proliferation and well-known @entity0 marker. To explore the effect of individual @entity12061 on @entity9190 inhibitor therapy for @entity0 , MCF7 @entity0 cells and individually @entity12061 -depleted MCF7 cells were treated with @entity9190 inhibitor @entity46804 with or without @entity3003 . Notably, @entity37159 -knockdown cells are hypersensitive to the @entity9190 inhibitor @entity46804 alone and its combination with @entity3003 . In summary, while increased @entity37159 expression is associated with the poor prognosis in @entity0 , compromised @entity37159 abundance may serve as a useful predictive marker for chemotherapy, including @entity9190 inhibitors against @entity0 .

title: @entity37159 is a biomarker for XXXX prognosis and @entity9190 inhibitor therapy.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Members of the heterochromatin protein 1 family ( @entity12061 , b and y) are mostly associated with heterochromatin and play important roles in gene regulation and DNA damage response. Altered expression of individual @entity12061 subtype has profound impacts on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. We analyzed the expression profile of @entity12061 family by data mining using a published microarray data set coupled with retrospective immunohistochemistry analyses of archived @entity0 biospecimens. We found that the @entity1 group overexpressing @entity37159 mRNA is associated with poorly differentiated @entity0 and with a significantly lower survival rate. Immunohistochemical staining against @entity12061 , @entity37159 and HP1y shows that respective @entity12061 expression level is frequently altered in @entity0 . 57.4-60.1% of samples examined showed high @entity37159 expression and 39.9-42.6 % of examined @entity5 showed no or low expression of each @entity12061 subtype. Interestingly, comparative analysis on @entity12061 expression profile and @entity0 markers revealed a positive correlation between the respective expression level of all three @entity12061 subtypes and Ki-67, a cell proliferation and well-known @entity0 marker. To explore the effect of individual @entity12061 on @entity9190 inhibitor therapy for @entity0 , MCF7 @entity0 cells and individually @entity12061 -depleted MCF7 cells were treated with @entity9190 inhibitor @entity46804 with or without @entity3003 . Notably, @entity37159 -knockdown cells are hypersensitive to the @entity9190 inhibitor @entity46804 alone and its combination with @entity3003 . In summary, while increased @entity37159 expression is associated with the poor prognosis in @entity0 , compromised @entity37159 abundance may serve as a useful predictive marker for chemotherapy, including @entity9190 inhibitors against @entity0 .

title: XXXX is a biomarker for @entity0 prognosis and @entity9190 inhibitor therapy.

answer: @entity37159 :: (10951,Gene) :: ['HP1b']


abstract: PURPOSE: To monitor @entity989 ( @entity989 ) @entity194 progression during antiangiogenic therapy of neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) over 2 years using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. METHODS: setting: Clinical practice. STUDY POPULATION: Thirty @entity1 (31 eyes) with treatment-na  ve neovascular @entity1020 . OBSERVATION PROCEDURES: Standard intravitreal therapy (0.5  mg ranibizumab) was administered monthly during the first year and pro re nata (PRN; as-needed) during the second year. Spectral-domain (SD) OCT and polarization-sensitive OCT (selectively imaging the @entity989 ) examinations were performed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24  months using a standardized protocol. @entity989 -related changes were evaluated using a semi-automated polarization-sensitive OCT segmentation algorithm and correlated with SD OCT and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity989 response, @entity10691 ( @entity10691 ) progression. RESULTS: Atrophic @entity989 changes included @entity989 thinning, @entity989 porosity, focal @entity1713 , and development of @entity10691 . Early @entity989 loss (ie, @entity989 porosity, focal @entity194 ) increased progressively during initial monthly treatment and remained stable during subsequent PRN-based therapy. @entity10691 developed in 61% of eyes at month 24. Mean @entity10691 area increased from 0.77  mm(2) at 12  months to 1.10  mm(2) (standard deviation  = 1.09  mm(2)) at 24  months. Reactive accumulation of @entity989 -related material at the lesion borders increased until month 3 and subsequently decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive @entity1713 and @entity10691 developed in the majority of eyes. @entity989 migration signifies certain @entity989 plasticity. Polarization-sensitive OCT specifically images @entity989 -related changes in neovascular @entity1020 , contrary to conventional imaging methods. Polarization-sensitive OCT allows for precisely monitoring the sequence of @entity989 -related morphologic changes.

title: Progression of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Atrophy in Antiangiogenic Therapy of Neovascular Age-Related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10691 :: ('MESH:D057092', 'Disease') :: ['GA', 'geographic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['RPE atrophy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelial', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['Macular Degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sutureless prostheses for surgical @entity886 ( @entity886 ) are usually used in degenerative calcified @entity472 . Less is known on the application of sutureless prostheses for pure @entity337 . METHODS: Between 2011 and 2014, 442 @entity1 were operated on with the Perceval aortic sutureless valve implant. We identified 11 @entity1 (10 female, mean age 70.5) who underwent sutureless @entity886 for pure @entity337 (off-label use). Three @entity1 had a left ventricle ejection fraction of 30% or less. Mean logistic EuroSCORE was 15.2 (range 2.2-45.2). In five @entity1 associated mitral procedures (three [60%] repair and two [40%] replacement) were performed. Four procedures were performed through a minimally invasive approach (three right minithoracotomies and one partial sternotomy). RESULTS: Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 130.2   min and aortic cross clamp time was 82.2   min. Mean implanted prosthesis size was 24.5        1.3 (median 25) mm (insignificant correlation with preoperative aortic valve annulus measurement by transthoracic echocardiography: 21.6        1.5 [median 21] mm, Pearson's r   =   0.373, p   =   0.259). One @entity1 died on 24th day after @entity886 associated with aortic arch replacement and hypothermic @entity1167 (10 years after correction for @entity1580 ). No residual para- or intravalvular leakage was present on discharge and 12-month follow-up. No migration of the prosthesis occurred. CONCLUSION: Sutureless @entity886 is an option in selected @entity1 with @entity337 . Preoperative aortic annulus measurement by echocardiography has poor predictive value for estimation of prosthetic valve size.

title: Sutureless Aortic Valve Replacement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['AVR', 'aortic valve replacement']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['Aortic Incompetence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One option for achieving global polio eradication is to replace the oral @entity9925 vaccine (OPV), which has the risk of reversion to wild-type virulence, with the inactivated @entity9925 vaccine (IPV) vaccine. Adjuvants and alternate routes of immunization are promising options that may reduce antigen dose in IPV vaccinations, potentially allowing dose sparing and cost savings. Use of adjuvants and alternate routes of immunization could also help promote @entity1200 , potentially mimicking the protection against intestinal virus shedding seen with OPV. In the current study, we examined the impact of combining the novel adjuvant dmLT with trivalent IPV for dose sparing, induction of @entity1200 and increasing longevity of @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) responses in a @entity19 model following either intradermal (ID) or intramuscular (IM) delivery. We found that non-adjuvanted ID delivery was not superior to IM delivery for fractional dose sparing, but was associated with development of @entity1200 . Vaccination with IPV+dmLT promoted serum anti- @entity1701 neutralizing antibodies with fractional IPV doses by either IM or ID delivery, achieving at least five-fold dose sparing above non-adjuvanted fractional doses. These responses were most noticeable with the @entity12830 component of the trivalent vaccine. dmLT also promoted germinal center formation and longevity of serum anti- @entity1701 neutralizing titers. Lastly, dmLT enhanced @entity1200 , as defined by fecal and intestinal anti- @entity1701 IgA secretion, when included in IPV immunization by ID or IM delivery. These studies demonstrate that dmLT is an effective adjuvant for either IM or ID delivery of IPV. Inclusion of dmLT in IPV immunizations allows antigen dose sparing and enhances @entity1200 and longevity of anti- @entity1701 responses.

title: The novel adjuvant dmLT promotes dose sparing, XXXX and longevity of antibody responses to the inactivated polio vaccine in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['anti-poliovirus', 'PV']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal immunity']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['mucosal immunity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One option for achieving global polio eradication is to replace the oral @entity9925 vaccine (OPV), which has the risk of reversion to wild-type virulence, with the inactivated @entity9925 vaccine (IPV) vaccine. Adjuvants and alternate routes of immunization are promising options that may reduce antigen dose in IPV vaccinations, potentially allowing dose sparing and cost savings. Use of adjuvants and alternate routes of immunization could also help promote @entity1200 , potentially mimicking the protection against intestinal virus shedding seen with OPV. In the current study, we examined the impact of combining the novel adjuvant dmLT with trivalent IPV for dose sparing, induction of @entity1200 and increasing longevity of @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) responses in a @entity19 model following either intradermal (ID) or intramuscular (IM) delivery. We found that non-adjuvanted ID delivery was not superior to IM delivery for fractional dose sparing, but was associated with development of @entity1200 . Vaccination with IPV+dmLT promoted serum anti- @entity1701 neutralizing antibodies with fractional IPV doses by either IM or ID delivery, achieving at least five-fold dose sparing above non-adjuvanted fractional doses. These responses were most noticeable with the @entity12830 component of the trivalent vaccine. dmLT also promoted germinal center formation and longevity of serum anti- @entity1701 neutralizing titers. Lastly, dmLT enhanced @entity1200 , as defined by fecal and intestinal anti- @entity1701 IgA secretion, when included in IPV immunization by ID or IM delivery. These studies demonstrate that dmLT is an effective adjuvant for either IM or ID delivery of IPV. Inclusion of dmLT in IPV immunizations allows antigen dose sparing and enhances @entity1200 and longevity of anti- @entity1701 responses.

title: The novel adjuvant dmLT promotes dose sparing, @entity1200 and longevity of antibody responses to the inactivated polio vaccine in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) blocks the release of @entity934 vesicles into the synaptic space, and has been clinically used for aesthetic indications, @entity4094 and @entity1119 . Several studies have demonstrated that BTX-A enhanced the blood flow and improved @entity63 in animal models. Our objective was to assess the effects of BTX-A on cutaneous @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injuries, mimicking @entity6227 . The administration of BTX-A in I/R areas significantly inhibited the formation of @entity6227 -like @entity1066 in cutaneous I/R injury @entity19 model. The number of @entity5231 (+) vessels and aSMA(+) pericytes or myofibroblasts in wounds were significantly increased in the I/R @entity19 treated with BTX-A. The @entity519 area and the number of oxidative stress-associated DNA-damaged cells and apoptotic cells in the I/R sites were reduced by BTX-A administration. In an in vitro assay, BTX-A significantly prevented the oxidant-induced intracellular accumulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in vascular endothelial cells. Furthermore, the administration of BTX-A completely suppressed the @entity1066 formation in an intermittent short-time cutaneous I/R injury model. These results suggest that BTX-A might have protective effects against @entity1066 formation after cutaneous I/R injury by enhancing angiogenesis and inhibiting @entity519 -induced cellular damage. Exogenous application of BTX-A might have therapeutic potential for cutaneous I/R injuries.

title: Protective effect of botulinum toxin A after cutaneous XXXX -reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['decubitus ulcers', 'decubitus']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mortality rate due to @entity397 of @entity1580 and @entity449 is approximately 90%. Acute @entity1755 can be fatal prior to hospitalization and has proven difficult to diagnose correctly or predict. The in-hospital mortality rate of ruptured @entity449 ranges from 53 to 66%. Emergency surgical and endovascular treatments are the only options for @entity1755 and @entity449 . No method of systematic early detection or inspection of vessel injury is available at the prevention stage. Regardless of the improvement in many imaging modalities, aortic diameter has remained a major criterion for recommending surgery in diagnosed @entity1 . Previous reports have suggested a relationship between vulnerable plaque and @entity731 . Non-obstructive angioscopy is a new method for evaluating intimal injury over the whole aorta. It has been used to identify many advanced @entity731 plaques that were missed on traditional imaging modalities before @entity439 formation. Non-obstructive angioscopy has shown that @entity731 of the aorta begins before that of the coronary artery, which had been noted on autopsy "in vivo". Strong or repetitive @entity130 might cause sudden aortic disruption. @entity1856 is also a risk factor of @entity64 and perivascular @entity887 . Detecting aortic vulnerable @entity731 plaque on non-obstructive angioscopy may not only clarify the pathogenesis of acute @entity1755 but also play a role in the pre-emptive medicine.

title: Early Detection of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaque for Risk Reduction of Acute XXXX and Thromboemboli and Atheroemboli Using Non-Obstructive Angioscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture', 'aortic rupture and "aortogenic" thromboemboli and atheroemboli', 'ruptured aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic atheroma']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic aortic aneurysm', 'atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injuries']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['Aortic Rupture']