abstract: In Brazil, abortion is only permitted to save the @entity1 's life or in cases of rape. The principal effect of legal restrictions is not to make induced abortion practice less prevalent but to force poor @entity1 to resort to abortions performed under unhygienic conditions or attempt self-induced abortion. Within this context, @entity396 , a synthetic analogue of @entity5015 , was introduced in the country in 1986. Purchased over the counter in pharmacies, @entity396 has became a popular abortifacient method among Brazilian @entity1 . By 1990, about 70% of @entity1 hospitalized with abortion-related diagnoses reported use of the drug. In 1991, the Ministry of Health restricted the sale of @entity396 , and in some states its use was totally banned. While the proportion of abortions induced with @entity396 has decreased, the drug continues to be sold on the black market at an inflated value. Research indicates that @entity1 have acquired more experience with the drug over time, resulting in lower doses and more effective administration. Several studies show that the rate and severity of complications are significantly less among @entity1 who used @entity396 compared with @entity1 who used invasive methods. Research also suggests that about half of the @entity1 have @entity5852 with @entity396 , but seek medical care as soon as they have @entity3556 . The experience of Brazilian @entity1 with @entity396 is an example of how @entity1 when faced with unwanted pregnancy will resort to illegal abortion whatever the costs are to their health.

title: Commercial availability of XXXX and induced abortion in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['complete abortion']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: In creating and performing music, musicians can experience health problems from the high physical and psychological demands of their profession. @entity85 related to playing are @entity158 , chronic and disabling conditions which are prevalent among classical musicians. The widespread study of the prevalence, etiology, and management of @entity85 ( @entity85 ) is a recent development known as performing arts medicine. Despite the rapid development of this new field, it is unclear how musicians identify themselves as injured, and how they make decisions about what, if anything, to do about these disabling injuries. The aims of our study were two-fold. First, we aimed to provide musicians with the opportunity to define a PRMD in their own words. Second, we sought to understand the subjective meaning of the PRMD experience to musicians. Two key informants identified 30 study @entity1 in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. As a form of data triangulation, @entity1 included 27 musicians and three health professionals. Data were collected in semi-structured interviews which lasted, on average, 40 min. Data were transcribed, and were manually coded and analyzed. @entity1 defined a PRMD as @entity158 and other symptoms which are chronic, are beyond their control, and which interfere with their ability to play their instrument at their usual level. @entity1 distinguished between "normal", mild everyday aches and @entity158 , and a PRMD. Although a PRMD is not a medically serious or life-threatening illness, it is devastating to musicians physically, emotionally, socially, and financially. The overall theme of suffering captures the meaning of these problems which threaten the identity of the musician. The findings of this study are consistent with other studies of the experience of work-related @entity85 , and other illnesses.

title: The meaning of XXXX to classical musicians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders', 'Musculoskeletal disorders', 'playing-related musculoskeletal disorders', 'PRMDs']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pains', 'painful']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['playing-related musculoskeletal disorders']


abstract: Researchers have sought to explain nonadherence to standard medical regimens by investigating a variety of sociodemographic variables, and, less often, by exploring variations between the health perspectives and life circumstances of the individual. While divergence between lay and professional perspectives on the etiology and treatment of @entity102 , such as @entity2175 , may possibly account for the documented low rates of adherence to biomedical recommendations, health beliefs and activities are best understood as connected to an individual's personal history and circumstances. In order to evaluate the relationship between causal explanation of @entity2175 and adherence, ethnographic interviews were conducted among 51 older (65+) @entity1 with @entity6 and their physicians. We chose to investigate adherence to dietary recommendations because it represents one of the most challenging lifestyle modifications and is particularly important to maintaining glycemic control. The interviews involved ethnomedical and food frequency intake questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Results reveal a stronger association between dietary adherence and etiological perspectives on @entity6 than any sociodemographic factors, including ethnicity, education and income or other health belief factors. Informants suggested five categories that they believed were responsible for the onset of their @entity2175 ; poor past dietary practices (n = 22); familial tendency to have @entity6 (n = 10); improper bodily functioning (n = 10); personal risk factors (n = 6); and currently being overweight (n = 3). Analyses indicated that those who implicate former dietary practices, currently being overweight, or having improper bodily functions were more likely to follow a standard recommended diet for individuals with @entity6 . These findings also highlight the attempt by individuals with @entity2175 to create 'stories' of meaning of their @entity6 by linking their current management strategies for @entity2175 with past practices and history. In addition, our results question the utility of the 'biomedical/alternative' labels.

title: Stories of meaning: lay perspectives on the origin and management of XXXX among older @entity1 in the United States.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: Researchers have sought to explain nonadherence to standard medical regimens by investigating a variety of sociodemographic variables, and, less often, by exploring variations between the health perspectives and life circumstances of the individual. While divergence between lay and professional perspectives on the etiology and treatment of @entity102 , such as @entity2175 , may possibly account for the documented low rates of adherence to biomedical recommendations, health beliefs and activities are best understood as connected to an individual's personal history and circumstances. In order to evaluate the relationship between causal explanation of @entity2175 and adherence, ethnographic interviews were conducted among 51 older (65+) @entity1 with @entity6 and their physicians. We chose to investigate adherence to dietary recommendations because it represents one of the most challenging lifestyle modifications and is particularly important to maintaining glycemic control. The interviews involved ethnomedical and food frequency intake questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Results reveal a stronger association between dietary adherence and etiological perspectives on @entity6 than any sociodemographic factors, including ethnicity, education and income or other health belief factors. Informants suggested five categories that they believed were responsible for the onset of their @entity2175 ; poor past dietary practices (n = 22); familial tendency to have @entity6 (n = 10); improper bodily functioning (n = 10); personal risk factors (n = 6); and currently being overweight (n = 3). Analyses indicated that those who implicate former dietary practices, currently being overweight, or having improper bodily functions were more likely to follow a standard recommended diet for individuals with @entity6 . These findings also highlight the attempt by individuals with @entity2175 to create 'stories' of meaning of their @entity6 by linking their current management strategies for @entity2175 with past practices and history. In addition, our results question the utility of the 'biomedical/alternative' labels.

title: Stories of meaning: lay perspectives on the origin and management of @entity2175 among older XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The authors developed an original procedure, modified fenestration with restorative spinoplasty (MFRS) for the treatment of @entity2649 . The first step is to cut the spinous process in an L-shape, which is caudally reflected. This procedure allows easy access to the spinal canal, including lateral recesses, and makes it easy to perform a trumpet-style decompression of the nerve roots without violating the facet joints. After the decompression of neural tissues, the spinous process is anatomically restored (spinoplasty). The clinical outcomes at 2 years were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale and @entity1 ' satisfaction. Radiological follow-up included radiographs and CT. Between January 2000 and December 2002, 109 @entity1 with @entity613 with or without mild spondylolisthesis underwent MFRS. Of these, 101 were followed up for at least 2 years (follow-up rate 93%). The average score on the self-administered JOA scale in 89 @entity1 without comorbidity causing gait disturbance improved from 13.3 preoperatively to 22.9 at 2 years' follow-up. Neurogenic intermittent @entity613 disappeared in all cases. The @entity1 ' assessment of treatment satisfaction was "satisfied" in 74 cases, "slightly satisfied" in 12, "slightly dissatisfied" in 2, and "dissatisfied" in 1 case. In 16 cases (18%), a minimum progression of slippage occurred, but no symptomatic instability or recurrent stenosis was observed. Computed tomography showed that the lateral part of the facet joints was well preserved, and the mean residual ratio was 80%. The MFRS technique produces an adequate and safe decompression of the spinal canal, even in @entity1 with @entity2720 in whom conventional fenestration is technically demanding.

title: Modified fenestration with restorative spinoplasty for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication', 'neurogenic intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['narrow and steep facet joints']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe our collective experience in the magnetic resonance (MR) investigation of @entity1 with proven acute, subacute, and chronic @entity3181 and to demonstrate the spectrum of appearances on T1- and T2-weighted as well as dynamic post- @entity2287 spoiled gradient-echo imaging. All @entity1 with proven @entity3181 who underwent MR examinations between June, 1992 and October, 1998 were included in the study. Fourteen @entity1 were included in the study: four with acute, three with subacute, three with chronic, and four with acute superimposed on either subacute (two) or chronic (two) @entity3181 . MR imaging features were retrospectively evaluated to determine: a) liver morphology, b) pattern of signal intensity (SI) on T1-weighted images, c) pattern of SI on T2 weighted images, d) dynamic enhancement characteristics, e) presence or absence of visible @entity49 , and f) presence or absence of venous macroscopic collaterals. The MR findings were correlated with surgical, histopathological, and laboratory data to determine imaging characteristics related to the chronicity of the disease process. @entity49 or absence of hepatic venous flow was demonstrated in all @entity1 in the study. In the four @entity1 with acute @entity3181 , the liver periphery was moderately low signal on T1 and moderately high signal on T2-weighted images relative to the central liver; both early and late @entity2287 -enhanced images revealed diminished peripheral enhancement. In the three @entity1 with subacute @entity3181 , the liver periphery was moderately low signal on T1, and moderately high signal on T2-weighted images, while early and late @entity2287 -enhanced images revealed heterogenously increased enhancement within the liver periphery. In the three @entity1 with chronic @entity3181 , the SI differences between peripheral and central liver were minimal on T1- and T2-weighted images, and enhancement differences were also minimal. Extensive bridging intrahepatic and capsular venous collaterals were visualized in chronic cases. In the four @entity1 with acute @entity3181 superimposed on more @entity102 , a combination of @entity2287 enhancement patterns was observed on MR images. Enhancement patterns between central and peripheral liver were different for acute, subacute, and chronic @entity3181 , suggesting differentiation between these phases of the disease process. Application of this pattern approach permitted recognition of acute changes superimposed on more @entity102 .

title: @entity3181 : spectrum of appearances of acute, subacute, and XXXX with magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'Hepatic venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'Budd-Chiari syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe our collective experience in the magnetic resonance (MR) investigation of @entity1 with proven acute, subacute, and chronic @entity3181 and to demonstrate the spectrum of appearances on T1- and T2-weighted as well as dynamic post- @entity2287 spoiled gradient-echo imaging. All @entity1 with proven @entity3181 who underwent MR examinations between June, 1992 and October, 1998 were included in the study. Fourteen @entity1 were included in the study: four with acute, three with subacute, three with chronic, and four with acute superimposed on either subacute (two) or chronic (two) @entity3181 . MR imaging features were retrospectively evaluated to determine: a) liver morphology, b) pattern of signal intensity (SI) on T1-weighted images, c) pattern of SI on T2 weighted images, d) dynamic enhancement characteristics, e) presence or absence of visible @entity49 , and f) presence or absence of venous macroscopic collaterals. The MR findings were correlated with surgical, histopathological, and laboratory data to determine imaging characteristics related to the chronicity of the disease process. @entity49 or absence of hepatic venous flow was demonstrated in all @entity1 in the study. In the four @entity1 with acute @entity3181 , the liver periphery was moderately low signal on T1 and moderately high signal on T2-weighted images relative to the central liver; both early and late @entity2287 -enhanced images revealed diminished peripheral enhancement. In the three @entity1 with subacute @entity3181 , the liver periphery was moderately low signal on T1, and moderately high signal on T2-weighted images, while early and late @entity2287 -enhanced images revealed heterogenously increased enhancement within the liver periphery. In the three @entity1 with chronic @entity3181 , the SI differences between peripheral and central liver were minimal on T1- and T2-weighted images, and enhancement differences were also minimal. Extensive bridging intrahepatic and capsular venous collaterals were visualized in chronic cases. In the four @entity1 with acute @entity3181 superimposed on more @entity102 , a combination of @entity2287 enhancement patterns was observed on MR images. Enhancement patterns between central and peripheral liver were different for acute, subacute, and chronic @entity3181 , suggesting differentiation between these phases of the disease process. Application of this pattern approach permitted recognition of acute changes superimposed on more @entity102 .

title: XXXX : spectrum of appearances of acute, subacute, and @entity102 with magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: Central nervous system transplantation currently is being investigated in numerous centers throughout the world. The concept of restoring lost neurological function by grafting neuronal or neuronal-like tissue into the CNS has the potential for revolutionizing the treatment of numerous @entity16 . @entity191 is the subject of the majority of CNS transplantation studies although the first @entity1 studies were disappointing. However, further refinements of technique and @entity1 selection, and animal research using a newly developed primate model of @entity304 , led to promising results reported from several centers. Despite this, numerous fundamental issues have yet to be resolved: (1) age of @entity1 ? (2) degree of disability of @entity1 ? (3) use of fetal or adrenal tissue? (4) caudate or putamen placement? and (5) open or stereotactic surgery? This report reviews the clinically significant results of nonhuman primate research and clinical studies, and addresses these unresolved issues.

title: Central nervous system grafting in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: Considerable evidence has shown that the immunosuppressant drug @entity205 ( @entity870 ) may have neuroprotective properties which can be exploited in the treatment of @entity1566 . The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular environment within the spinal cord following injury and determine whether @entity870 has an effect on altering cellular interactions to promote a growth-permissive environment. @entity870 was administered to a group of @entity35 4 days after they endured a moderate @entity130 . Functional recovery was assessed using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale at 3, 5 and 7 weeks post-injury. The @entity35 were sacrificed 3 and 7 weeks post-injury and the spinal cords were sectioned, stained using histological and immunohistochemical methods and analysed. Using stereology, the lesion size and cellular environment in the @entity870 -treated and control groups was examined. Little difference in lesion volume was observed between the two groups. An improvement in functional recovery was observed within @entity870 -treated animals at 3 weeks. Although we did not see significant reduction in tissue damage, there were some notable differences in the proportion of individual cells contributing to the lesion. @entity870 administration may be used as a technique to control the cell population of the lesion, making it more permissive to neuronal regeneration once the ideal environment for regeneration and the effects of @entity870 administration at different time points post-injury have been identified.

title: Effect of XXXX on functional recovery in the spinal cord following @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['contusion injury']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: Considerable evidence has shown that the immunosuppressant drug @entity205 ( @entity870 ) may have neuroprotective properties which can be exploited in the treatment of @entity1566 . The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular environment within the spinal cord following injury and determine whether @entity870 has an effect on altering cellular interactions to promote a growth-permissive environment. @entity870 was administered to a group of @entity35 4 days after they endured a moderate @entity130 . Functional recovery was assessed using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale at 3, 5 and 7 weeks post-injury. The @entity35 were sacrificed 3 and 7 weeks post-injury and the spinal cords were sectioned, stained using histological and immunohistochemical methods and analysed. Using stereology, the lesion size and cellular environment in the @entity870 -treated and control groups was examined. Little difference in lesion volume was observed between the two groups. An improvement in functional recovery was observed within @entity870 -treated animals at 3 weeks. Although we did not see significant reduction in tissue damage, there were some notable differences in the proportion of individual cells contributing to the lesion. @entity870 administration may be used as a technique to control the cell population of the lesion, making it more permissive to neuronal regeneration once the ideal environment for regeneration and the effects of @entity870 administration at different time points post-injury have been identified.

title: Effect of @entity205 on functional recovery in the spinal cord following XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['contusion injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether outer retinal changes occur in chronic, presumed @entity725 ( @entity725 ). METHODS: The outer retinas from 128 @entity1 eyes with a diagnosis of chronic @entity726 (presumably @entity725 in most cases) and 90 control eyes were examined histologically by 3 masked observers for photoreceptor swelling and loss. Retinas from 9 @entity2608 with @entity726 induced experimentally by laser trabecular destruction were compared with 7 fellow (control) eyes. The mean pressure elevations in the eyes with laser trabecular destruction ranged from 26.6 to 53.6 mm Hg with durations varying from 7 to 33 weeks. RESULTS: @entity4 of the red- and green-sensitive cones was observed in a statistically significantly greater proportion of @entity1 eyes with presumed @entity725 compared with the control eyes. Patchy loss of red/green cones and rods was also found in some of the @entity2788 . In a subset of the @entity1 eyes with end-stage disease, cone swelling was a variable finding. Although no photoreceptor loss was found in the 9 monkey eyes with experimental @entity726 , 8 had swelling of their red/green cones that was remarkably similar to that seen in the @entity1 eyes. @entity4 was not present in any of the control monkey eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The photoreceptors are affected by chronically elevated intraocular pressure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings may explain some of the @entity3641 and the electrophysiological effects that have been observed in @entity1 with @entity725 .

title: XXXX and loss of photoreceptors in chronic @entity1 and experimental @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Swelling']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous retinas']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity3641 :: ('MESH:D003117', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of color vision']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Swelling']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether outer retinal changes occur in chronic, presumed @entity725 ( @entity725 ). METHODS: The outer retinas from 128 @entity1 eyes with a diagnosis of chronic @entity726 (presumably @entity725 in most cases) and 90 control eyes were examined histologically by 3 masked observers for photoreceptor swelling and loss. Retinas from 9 @entity2608 with @entity726 induced experimentally by laser trabecular destruction were compared with 7 fellow (control) eyes. The mean pressure elevations in the eyes with laser trabecular destruction ranged from 26.6 to 53.6 mm Hg with durations varying from 7 to 33 weeks. RESULTS: @entity4 of the red- and green-sensitive cones was observed in a statistically significantly greater proportion of @entity1 eyes with presumed @entity725 compared with the control eyes. Patchy loss of red/green cones and rods was also found in some of the @entity2788 . In a subset of the @entity1 eyes with end-stage disease, cone swelling was a variable finding. Although no photoreceptor loss was found in the 9 monkey eyes with experimental @entity726 , 8 had swelling of their red/green cones that was remarkably similar to that seen in the @entity1 eyes. @entity4 was not present in any of the control monkey eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The photoreceptors are affected by chronically elevated intraocular pressure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings may explain some of the @entity3641 and the electrophysiological effects that have been observed in @entity1 with @entity725 .

title: @entity4 and loss of photoreceptors in chronic @entity1 and experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether outer retinal changes occur in chronic, presumed @entity725 ( @entity725 ). METHODS: The outer retinas from 128 @entity1 eyes with a diagnosis of chronic @entity726 (presumably @entity725 in most cases) and 90 control eyes were examined histologically by 3 masked observers for photoreceptor swelling and loss. Retinas from 9 @entity2608 with @entity726 induced experimentally by laser trabecular destruction were compared with 7 fellow (control) eyes. The mean pressure elevations in the eyes with laser trabecular destruction ranged from 26.6 to 53.6 mm Hg with durations varying from 7 to 33 weeks. RESULTS: @entity4 of the red- and green-sensitive cones was observed in a statistically significantly greater proportion of @entity1 eyes with presumed @entity725 compared with the control eyes. Patchy loss of red/green cones and rods was also found in some of the @entity2788 . In a subset of the @entity1 eyes with end-stage disease, cone swelling was a variable finding. Although no photoreceptor loss was found in the 9 monkey eyes with experimental @entity726 , 8 had swelling of their red/green cones that was remarkably similar to that seen in the @entity1 eyes. @entity4 was not present in any of the control monkey eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The photoreceptors are affected by chronically elevated intraocular pressure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings may explain some of the @entity3641 and the electrophysiological effects that have been observed in @entity1 with @entity725 .

title: @entity4 and loss of photoreceptors in chronic XXXX and experimental @entity726 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study was performed to assess whether basiliximab, a chimeric anti- @entity1199 receptor monoclonal antibody, reduced the incidence of acute rejection episodes in renal allograft recipients. METHODS: A total of 348 @entity1 were randomized into two demographically matched, equally sized groups treated with either basiliximab or placebo. The dose of basiliximab-20-mg infusions on day 0 and day 4-was selected to block detection of @entity1199 receptor on 97% of peripheral blood lymphocytes for 30-45 days. All @entity1 received immunosuppressive therapy with @entity205 microemulsion (Neoral) and @entity230 . An intent-to-treat analysis of 1-year data assessed the incidence of posttransplant acute rejection episodes, @entity1 and graft survival rates, and the safety and tolerability of basiliximab. RESULTS: Among the eligible 346 @entity1 equally divided into the two treatment groups, basiliximab reduced the proportion of @entity1 who experienced biopsy-confirmed acute rejection episodes by 28%: 61 (35.3%) basiliximab vs. 85 (49.1%) placebo (P=0.009). Graft losses occurred in 9 (5.2%) basiliximab-treated and 12 (6.9%) placebo-treated @entity1 . Five (2.9%) deaths in the basiliximab group and seven (4.0%) in the placebo group occurred. Compared with placebo, a higher fraction of basiliximab @entity1 produced urine in the operating room, and a significantly lower fraction had @entity8 in the first month (serum @entity1011 > or =5 mg(dl) and between 1 and 12 months (serum @entity1011 > or =3 mg/dl). During the first 12 months, 94 (54%) basiliximab-treated @entity1 experienced serious adverse events, compared with 106 (61%) who received placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic basiliximab therapy is well tolerated, has an adverse event profile comparable to placebo, and significantly reduces the number of acute rejection episodes in renal allograft @entity1 within the first year after transplantation.

title: Reduction of the occurrence of acute cellular rejection among renal allograft recipients treated with basiliximab, a chimeric anti- XXXX -receptor monoclonal antibody. United States Simulect Renal Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) occurs in chronically inflamed colorectal tissue and may evolve to @entity5 . In vitro data suggest that @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) improves @entity124 . AIM: To analyse the changes in @entity124 in 156 distal colonic biopsies of 39 @entity1 with @entity31 that had been treated within a randomized, double-blind trial comparing @entity3504 with @entity526 Nissle (EcN). METHODS: Two biopsies had been collected before and after 1 year of treatment. @entity124 testing was performed using a panel of eight markers, including 3 dinucleotide and 5 mononucleotide repeats. RESULTS: No @entity124 was observed with any of the mono-repeats, and among dinucleotide repeats, only D5S346 (maps to APC) and D17S250 ( @entity876 ) were consistently informative. Overall, 31/156 (20%) biopsies displayed @entity124 . After 1 year, 3/11 @entity1 displayed @entity124 improvement [change to @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ); 1 on @entity3504 , 2 on EcN] at D5S346 and 4/11 showed @entity124 worsening (change from @entity1344 to @entity124 ; all @entity3504 ). For D17S250, the corresponding data were for 3/9 @entity1 (2 on @entity3504 , 1 on EcN) and 2/9 (both on @entity3504 ), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the set of biopsies taken from @entity1 treated with 1.5 g @entity3504 for 1 year, there was no improvement in the prevalence of @entity124 in the distal colon.

title: In vivo effects of @entity2983 or XXXX Nissle 1917 on microsatellite instability in @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability', 'MSI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['colitis-associated cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['MSS', 'microsatellite stability']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) occurs in chronically inflamed colorectal tissue and may evolve to @entity5 . In vitro data suggest that @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) improves @entity124 . AIM: To analyse the changes in @entity124 in 156 distal colonic biopsies of 39 @entity1 with @entity31 that had been treated within a randomized, double-blind trial comparing @entity3504 with @entity526 Nissle (EcN). METHODS: Two biopsies had been collected before and after 1 year of treatment. @entity124 testing was performed using a panel of eight markers, including 3 dinucleotide and 5 mononucleotide repeats. RESULTS: No @entity124 was observed with any of the mono-repeats, and among dinucleotide repeats, only D5S346 (maps to APC) and D17S250 ( @entity876 ) were consistently informative. Overall, 31/156 (20%) biopsies displayed @entity124 . After 1 year, 3/11 @entity1 displayed @entity124 improvement [change to @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ); 1 on @entity3504 , 2 on EcN] at D5S346 and 4/11 showed @entity124 worsening (change from @entity1344 to @entity124 ; all @entity3504 ). For D17S250, the corresponding data were for 3/9 @entity1 (2 on @entity3504 , 1 on EcN) and 2/9 (both on @entity3504 ), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the set of biopsies taken from @entity1 treated with 1.5 g @entity3504 for 1 year, there was no improvement in the prevalence of @entity124 in the distal colon.

title: In vivo effects of @entity2983 or @entity526 Nissle 1917 on microsatellite instability in XXXX .

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) occurs in chronically inflamed colorectal tissue and may evolve to @entity5 . In vitro data suggest that @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) improves @entity124 . AIM: To analyse the changes in @entity124 in 156 distal colonic biopsies of 39 @entity1 with @entity31 that had been treated within a randomized, double-blind trial comparing @entity3504 with @entity526 Nissle (EcN). METHODS: Two biopsies had been collected before and after 1 year of treatment. @entity124 testing was performed using a panel of eight markers, including 3 dinucleotide and 5 mononucleotide repeats. RESULTS: No @entity124 was observed with any of the mono-repeats, and among dinucleotide repeats, only D5S346 (maps to APC) and D17S250 ( @entity876 ) were consistently informative. Overall, 31/156 (20%) biopsies displayed @entity124 . After 1 year, 3/11 @entity1 displayed @entity124 improvement [change to @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ); 1 on @entity3504 , 2 on EcN] at D5S346 and 4/11 showed @entity124 worsening (change from @entity1344 to @entity124 ; all @entity3504 ). For D17S250, the corresponding data were for 3/9 @entity1 (2 on @entity3504 , 1 on EcN) and 2/9 (both on @entity3504 ), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the set of biopsies taken from @entity1 treated with 1.5 g @entity3504 for 1 year, there was no improvement in the prevalence of @entity124 in the distal colon.

title: In vivo effects of XXXX or @entity526 Nissle 1917 on microsatellite instability in @entity31 .

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['mesalazine']


abstract: The use of alternative promoters represents an important mechanism for the regulation of growth hormone receptor ( @entity7036 ) gene expression. Two promoters have been isolated previously for the @entity7036 gene: the P1 promoter that drives liver-specific expression, and the P2 promoter that drives ubiquitous expression. In the present study, we isolated a third @entity7036 promoter termed P3. The P3 promoter was GC-rich and TATA-less. The P3 promoter was able to drive the expression of a luciferase reporter gene in cell lines Hep G2, PLC/PRF/5, and BHK-21. In vivo, the P3 promoter initiated transcription from two major sites in exon 1C of the @entity7036 gene in many tissues. In the adult @entity291 liver, the P3-transcribed @entity7036 mRNA represented only 10% of the total @entity7036 mRNA pool. In non-hepatic tissues such as kidney, skeletal muscle, mammary gland, and uterus, P3-transcribed @entity7036 mRNA represented 30-40% of the total @entity7036 mRNA pool. Within the @entity291 @entity7036 gene, the P3 promoter was located immediately downstream from the P2 promoter. In transfected cells, the P2 promoter served as an enhancer for the P3 promoter. Existence and co-regulation of two ubiquitous promoters may be a mechanism for achieving a high level of expression of the @entity7036 gene in multiple tissues.

title: Isolation and characterization of a novel promoter for the XXXX growth hormone receptor gene.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: A 42-year-old Japanese male, who had been suffering from @entity712 and @entity854 ( @entity616 , intraventricular conduction disturbance, @entity1165 ), died after a clinical course of 2 years and 1 month. Macroscopic investigation revealed dilation of the left ventricle and thickening of the right ventricular wall. The unique finding in this case was a circumferential @entity82 in the median circular layer and outer oblique layer of the left ventricular wall. Biopsy and autopsy materials revealed @entity393 in the central zone of cardiac muscle fibers, and replacement with @entity9308 blue-positive homogeneous material (17-35% of the area of one muscle fiber). Electron microscopy revealed abnormal accumulation of fine filamentous material (7.5-25 nm in diameter), which was immunohistochemically proved to be @entity2283 -type intermediate filament. Moreover, sarcoplasmic reticulum-like material was detected in the degenerated area. At autopsy, degeneration was detected all over the heart. The ventricular muscle fibers were more severely affected than the atrial muscle fibers. The conduction system was also affected, in some parts more severely than the surrounding ordinary muscle fibers. The pathogenesis of this disorder remains to be clarified.

title: Cardiomyopathy characterized by abnormal accumulation of XXXX -type intermediate filaments in cardiac muscle fibers. A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous scar']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['electrocardiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse loss of myofibrils']

answer: @entity2283 :: (1674,Gene) :: ['desmin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the result of radiofrequency (RF)-assisted @entity384 with closed surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig (BT) shunt as primary treatment in selected @entity1 with @entity1146 and intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS). BACKGROUND: @entity1 with PA-IVS who have mild to moderate @entity509 of the right ventricle (RV) and patent infundibulum have the greatest potential for complete biventricular circulation. The use of RF or laser wires to perforate the atretic valve followed by @entity384 provides an alternative to surgery. METHODS: Between May 1990 and March 1998, 33 selected @entity1 underwent either percutaneous @entity384 (group 1, n = 21; two crossed over to group 2) or surgical valvotomy with concomitant BT shunt (group 2, n = 14). Second RV decompression by @entity384 or right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction were performed if necessary. @entity1 who remained cyanosed were subjected to transcatheter trial closure of the interatrial communication. Partial biventricular repair was offered to those with inadequate growth of the RV. RESULTS: The primary procedure was successful in 19 @entity1 in group 1. There was one in-hospital death and two late deaths. Of the remaining 16 survivors, 12 achieved complete biventricular circulation, 7 of whom required no further interventions. Two @entity1 required repeat @entity384 , 1 RVOT reconstruction and 2 transcatheter closure of interatrial communication. Two @entity1 underwent partial biventricular repair. In group 2, there were 3 in-hospital deaths after the primary procedure and 1 @entity1 died four months later. All survivors (n = 10) required a second RV decompression, 8 by @entity384 and 2 by RVOT reconstruction, after which, two @entity1 died. Of the final 8 survivors, 7 achieved complete biventricular circulation, 5 after coil occlusion of the BT shunt and 2 after closure of interatrial communication. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency @entity384 is more efficacious and safe compared with closed pulmonary valvotomy and BT shunt in selected @entity1 with PA-IVS.

title: XXXX with intact ventricular septum percutaneous radiofrequency-assisted @entity384 versus surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig shunt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['RF valvotomy and balloon dilation', 'balloon dilation', 'valvotomy and balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary atresia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the result of radiofrequency (RF)-assisted @entity384 with closed surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig (BT) shunt as primary treatment in selected @entity1 with @entity1146 and intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS). BACKGROUND: @entity1 with PA-IVS who have mild to moderate @entity509 of the right ventricle (RV) and patent infundibulum have the greatest potential for complete biventricular circulation. The use of RF or laser wires to perforate the atretic valve followed by @entity384 provides an alternative to surgery. METHODS: Between May 1990 and March 1998, 33 selected @entity1 underwent either percutaneous @entity384 (group 1, n = 21; two crossed over to group 2) or surgical valvotomy with concomitant BT shunt (group 2, n = 14). Second RV decompression by @entity384 or right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction were performed if necessary. @entity1 who remained cyanosed were subjected to transcatheter trial closure of the interatrial communication. Partial biventricular repair was offered to those with inadequate growth of the RV. RESULTS: The primary procedure was successful in 19 @entity1 in group 1. There was one in-hospital death and two late deaths. Of the remaining 16 survivors, 12 achieved complete biventricular circulation, 7 of whom required no further interventions. Two @entity1 required repeat @entity384 , 1 RVOT reconstruction and 2 transcatheter closure of interatrial communication. Two @entity1 underwent partial biventricular repair. In group 2, there were 3 in-hospital deaths after the primary procedure and 1 @entity1 died four months later. All survivors (n = 10) required a second RV decompression, 8 by @entity384 and 2 by RVOT reconstruction, after which, two @entity1 died. Of the final 8 survivors, 7 achieved complete biventricular circulation, 5 after coil occlusion of the BT shunt and 2 after closure of interatrial communication. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency @entity384 is more efficacious and safe compared with closed pulmonary valvotomy and BT shunt in selected @entity1 with PA-IVS.

title: @entity1146 with intact ventricular septum percutaneous radiofrequency-assisted XXXX versus surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig shunt.

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['valvotomy and balloon dilation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a phase II study, etanercept (recombinant @entity1 @entity5 necrosis factor receptor [p75]:Fc fusion protein) safely produced rapid, dose-dependent improvement in @entity309 over 3 months. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the benefit of etanercept therapy of longer duration and simplified dosing in @entity1 with @entity309 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with blinded joint assessors. SETTING: 13 North American centers. @entity1 : 234 @entity1 with active @entity309 who had an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. INTERVENTION: Twice-weekly subcutaneous injections of etanercept, 10 or 25 mg, or placebo for 6 months. MEASUREMENTS: The primary end points were 20% and 50% improvement in disease activity according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) responses at 3 and 6 months. Other end points were 70% ACR responses at 3 and 6 months and other measures of disease activity at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Etanercept significantly reduced disease activity in a dose-related fashion. At 3 months, 62% of the @entity1 receiving 25 mg of etanercept and 23% of the placebo recipients achieved 20% ACR response (P < 0.001). At 6 months, 59% of the 25-mg group and 11% of the placebo group achieved a 20% ACR response (P < 0.001); 40% and 5%, respectively, achieved a 50% ACR response (P < 0.01). The respective mean percentage reduction in the number of @entity2720 at 6 months was 56% and 47% in the 25-mg group and 6% and -7% in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Significantly more etanercept recipients achieved a 70% ACR response, minimal disease status (0 to 5 affected joints), and improved quality of life. Etanercept was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: Etanercept can safely provide rapid, significant, and sustained benefit in @entity1 with active @entity309 .

title: Etanercept therapy in XXXX . A randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tender and swollen joints']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: This paper describes a technique of using Medpor porous high-density @entity691 implants for nasal reconstruction and chin augmentation. This biocompatible material has been used successfully during the last decade for various applications in the reconstruction of the facial skeleton. Among its most frequent uses are repair of the orbital floor and reconstruction of the burned ear, which became standard methods at many centers. Relatively little experience is, at present, on hand concerning the use of porous @entity691 in reconstruction of the nasal framework. Twenty-three consecutive, difficult nasal reconstructions were performed using this method since 1996. @entity1 were followed up for from 1 to 3 years (mean, 2 years). The results were durable and stable over the time. Eight @entity1 had @entity85 and 15 had catastrophe noses, mostly referrals, previously operated on from one to four times. My aesthetic goals were correction of the depressed nasal dorsum, creation of an acceptable nasal dorsum in the thick and/or twisted noses, and tip elevation. For nasal applications Medpor is available as a strut or sheet. Its body, once implanted, becomes rapidly vascularized and both soft tissue ingrowth and collagen deposition occur. This was confirmed by the microscopic investigation of biopsies. One @entity1 of Vietnamese origin had an aesthetically pleasing result, but her family refused to accept her westernized nose. This gave me a unique opportunity to study the whole Medpor implant 6 months after implantation. There were two complications, one small implant exposure and one @entity281 involving the nasal tip. Following revision and antibiotic treatment, both @entity1 healed without sequel. All reconstructions were successful in restoring nasal aesthetics and function. Four @entity1 underwent chin augmentations with an uneventful clinical course.

title: Porous XXXX implants for nasal reconstruction: clinical and histologic studies.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['saddle nose deformity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['low-virulent infection']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This comparative and comprehensive study builds on a previous study comparing the @entity3493 wave of impulsively violent delinquents and a non-impulsive non-delinquent group. The purpose was to investigate changes in @entity3493 cognitive evoked potentials, especially the amplitude and latency at the Pz electrode site. MATERIAL/METHODS: The @entity3493 parameters of perpetrators of various types of criminal offences and those of a control group matched for age, gender, and educational status were compared (N=80). There were 20 subjects with @entity146 @entity146 . The observed parameters were compared with the neuropsychophysiological correlates of a group of 20 subjects with deliberately (i.e. non-impulsive) violent behavior, a group of 20 delinquents sentenced for property crimes (theft), and 20 non-delinquent non-impulsive nonviolent @entity1 . To differentiate these groups, Eysenck's IVE questionnaire and a structured interview according to DSM IV criteria conducted by a certified forensic psychiatrist were used. RESULTS: The results showed a significantly lower @entity3493 wave amplitude in the @entity146 individuals than in the other groups. No significant differences were found in terms of latency. The results confirm the results of previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the possibility of a neuropsychophysiological correlate of @entity146 individuals behaving in a socially dangerous way. This opens a discussion on the subject of expert evaluation of criminal acts within the context of "uncontrolled affect".

title: Brain wave XXXX : a comparative study of various forms of criminal activity.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['delinquent behavior', 'impulsively aggressive']

answer: @entity3493 :: (2033,Gene) :: ['P300']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unintentional injuries are the fifth leading cause of @entity204 in the general population, but even more of a concern in the population of @entity1 with @entity717 . The present study was conducted to investigate trends in choking resulting in @entity204 of @entity1 with @entity717 in residential care centers in Israel over the period of 1991-2004. MATERIAL/METHODS: Data for this study came from the Office @entity910 ( @entity910 ), Division for @entity1032 (DMR), Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services. Every case of @entity204 in residential centers is reported to the @entity910 , which has registered the place of residence, date of birth, age at @entity204 , sex, ethnic background, level of ID, cause of @entity204 , autopsy, and review committee, if this was established, in a data register since 1991. Data concerned with food choking were extracted from the mortality register for the 1991-2004 period. RESULTS: Over the study period (14 years) there was a total of 1019 cases of @entity204 with 27 (2.65%) caused by food choking. The average rate was 42.6 per 100,000 study population for food choking. CONCLUSIONS: The solution is prevention. In recent years the @entity910 together with other professionals have produced educational material and seminars on feeding and preventive measures. Not every case can be prevented, but it is important to identify risk factors, educate care givers, and ensure that food products that are common choking hazards are kept away from residents who are at risk.

title: Residential care centers for @entity1 with XXXX in Israel: trends in mortality from food choking during 1991-2004.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Retardation']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['of the Medical Director', 'OMD']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unintentional injuries are the fifth leading cause of @entity204 in the general population, but even more of a concern in the population of @entity1 with @entity717 . The present study was conducted to investigate trends in choking resulting in @entity204 of @entity1 with @entity717 in residential care centers in Israel over the period of 1991-2004. MATERIAL/METHODS: Data for this study came from the Office @entity910 ( @entity910 ), Division for @entity1032 (DMR), Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services. Every case of @entity204 in residential centers is reported to the @entity910 , which has registered the place of residence, date of birth, age at @entity204 , sex, ethnic background, level of ID, cause of @entity204 , autopsy, and review committee, if this was established, in a data register since 1991. Data concerned with food choking were extracted from the mortality register for the 1991-2004 period. RESULTS: Over the study period (14 years) there was a total of 1019 cases of @entity204 with 27 (2.65%) caused by food choking. The average rate was 42.6 per 100,000 study population for food choking. CONCLUSIONS: The solution is prevention. In recent years the @entity910 together with other professionals have produced educational material and seminars on feeding and preventive measures. Not every case can be prevented, but it is important to identify risk factors, educate care givers, and ensure that food products that are common choking hazards are kept away from residents who are at risk.

title: Residential care centers for XXXX with @entity717 in Israel: trends in mortality from food choking during 1991-2004.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine @entity79 ( @entity79 ) frequency of @entity170 and reduced bone mass in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), and compare the data of the @entity1252 @entity1 with matched @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 and healthy controls. Secondly, to study possible correlations between @entity79 , @entity66 variables in the @entity1252 @entity1 . METHODS: Measures of @entity79 assessed by dual energy x ray absorptiometry were obtained from 75 @entity1252 @entity1 aged </= 70 years, 75 @entity309 @entity1 matched for age, sex and disease duration, and from 75 healthy controls matched for age, sex and geographical area. Disease activity and accumulated organ damage were assessed in the @entity1252 @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity1252 @entity1 had significantly lower @entity79 values at lumbar spine L2-L4 and hip, and higher frequency of @entity170 at all sites of measurement compared with matched healthy controls. The matched @entity1252 and @entity309 @entity1 had similar @entity79 , prevalence of @entity170 and reduced bone mass. In the @entity1252 @entity1 @entity79 was more strongly correlated with accumulated organ damage than with markers of disease activity or duration. In multivariate analyses @entity79 was at all sites predicted by age and body mass, at lumbar spine also by the current @entity228 dose. CONCLUSION: The study showed reduced @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity1252 compared with matched healthy controls. Premenopausal @entity1 taking corticosteroids were especially affected. Furthermore, the @entity79 of matched @entity1252 and @entity309 @entity1 was reduced to a similar extent.

title: Bone mineral density in XXXX : comparison with @entity309 and healthy controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['demographic and disease']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine @entity79 ( @entity79 ) frequency of @entity170 and reduced bone mass in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), and compare the data of the @entity1252 @entity1 with matched @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 and healthy controls. Secondly, to study possible correlations between @entity79 , @entity66 variables in the @entity1252 @entity1 . METHODS: Measures of @entity79 assessed by dual energy x ray absorptiometry were obtained from 75 @entity1252 @entity1 aged </= 70 years, 75 @entity309 @entity1 matched for age, sex and disease duration, and from 75 healthy controls matched for age, sex and geographical area. Disease activity and accumulated organ damage were assessed in the @entity1252 @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity1252 @entity1 had significantly lower @entity79 values at lumbar spine L2-L4 and hip, and higher frequency of @entity170 at all sites of measurement compared with matched healthy controls. The matched @entity1252 and @entity309 @entity1 had similar @entity79 , prevalence of @entity170 and reduced bone mass. In the @entity1252 @entity1 @entity79 was more strongly correlated with accumulated organ damage than with markers of disease activity or duration. In multivariate analyses @entity79 was at all sites predicted by age and body mass, at lumbar spine also by the current @entity228 dose. CONCLUSION: The study showed reduced @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity1252 compared with matched healthy controls. Premenopausal @entity1 taking corticosteroids were especially affected. Furthermore, the @entity79 of matched @entity1252 and @entity309 @entity1 was reduced to a similar extent.

title: Bone mineral density in @entity1252 : comparison with XXXX and healthy controls.

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Toxic @entity6715 is a severe reaction with skin involvement induced by different drugs and other agents. The mechanisms implicated in the induction of the reaction are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the involvement of T lymphocytes and other immunocompetent cells in the peripheral blood, blister fluid, and affected skin of 3 @entity1 who had a severe reaction after receiving anticonvulsant medication. METHODS: Quantification of T lymphocytes expressing the skin-homing receptor (cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen   @entity4619 ) in peripheral blood, skin, and skin blister fluid and assessment of other adhesion molecules, activation markers, and inflammatory interleukins by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS: An increase in CD3(+) @entity4619 (+) cells paralleling the severity of the disease was observed in both peripheral blood and skin, tending to normalize as soon as @entity1 's conditions improved. @entity4105 was detected in endothelial vessels in parallel with @entity4619 expression on lymphocytes. An overexpression of @entity310 , @entity379 , and @entity1199 was also observed in PBMCs. The expression of the different markers changed over the course of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: These data show an increase in activated T cells expressing the skin-homing receptor in both tissue and peripheral blood accompanying clinical symptoms, with a recruitment of macrophages and an overexpression of cytokines. All these results suggest an important role for T cells in the production of @entity137 .

title: Anticonvulsant-induced XXXX : monitoring the immunologic response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal necrolysis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: @entity158 crisis episodes are poorly treated in @entity3458 , both in timeliness and appropriateness of care. Delayed treatment in Emergency Departments, unrelieved @entity158 , frequent admissions, and prolonged hospitalizations are common. We established a @entity580 ( @entity580 ) to determine if an alternative care delivery system could improve @entity158 relief and reduce unnecessary hospital admissions for @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity158 crises. Trained @entity580 staff delivered prompt titration for @entity158 relief based on each @entity1 's analgesic history and qualitative and quantitative assessments. Response to therapy and comorbidities commanded disposition. During the first 5 years of @entity580 operation there were 2554 visits; 60% of the @entity1 had severe @entity158 . During an average visit of 4.5 hours, 84% of the @entity1 were titrated to relief; 90% had @entity158 relief within 2 to 4 hours. Overall, 81% of the @entity1 were discharged home (70% initially and 90% to 94% in the last 3 years). During the first 5 years of the @entity580 , there were 2612 @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits that averaged 13 hours each. The combined @entity341 and @entity580 admissions during this time represented a 40% decrease in the baseline @entity341 admission rate of 92%, (1 year pre- @entity580 ). @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity158 crisis were admitted 5 times less often from the @entity580 (8.3%) than from the @entity341 (42.7%). The length of stay (LOS) for inpatients followed by the @entity580 staff decreased by 1.5 days, while the LOS for @entity1 followed by non- @entity580 staff remained unchanged. Reduction of admissions and LOS represented a savings of approximately  1.7 million. We conclude that a dedicated facility provides the kingpin for effective and rapid @entity158 crisis management, reduces hospitalizations, and facilitates integration of the approach into other areas of care. (Blood. 2000;95:1130-1136)

title: Sickle cell anemia day hospital: an approach for the management of uncomplicated XXXX crises.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Painful', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['Day Hospital', 'DH']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful']


abstract: @entity11603 ( @entity11603 ) has a great potential as a novel treatment for @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ). It has previously been demonstrated that a nonvirulent strain of @entity2491 mutant (ST) can be used not only as a vehicle in oral genetic immunization via the intestinal mucosa, but also as an enhancer of interferon gamma- and @entity5 necrosis factor alpha-mediated immunity. After confirming that @entity1 @entity11603 can up-regulate expression of Fas, @entity7938 , and @entity2937 molecules on @entity19 @entity1892 cells in vitro, we transfected the @entity1 @entity11603 gene into @entity2491 mutant (ST40L), which was administrated orally to determine whether it was able to prevent the growth of @entity1892 in @entity19 . Expression of @entity1 @entity11603 was confirmed immunohistochemically with protein being detected in the Peyer's patches of @entity19 immunized with ST40L. Moreover, @entity1 soluble @entity11603 had been detectable until 7 to 8 weeks after oral administration of ST40L. Although ST alone exhibited some protective effects, ST40L demonstrated a significantly greater protection against the development of @entity2936 positive @entity1892 compared with the control. In the surviving @entity19 that had been treated with ST40L, a small and hard nodule was formed at the injection site, which was found to be composed of infiltrating lymphocytes expressing Fas ligand. These results have the potential to be a simple, effective, and above all, safe immune-gene therapy against @entity1892 . (Blood. 2000;95:1258-1263)

title: An oral XXXX ligand gene therapy against lymphoma using attenuated @entity2491 .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S typhimurium', 'Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma', 'BCL']

answer: @entity2936 :: (958,Gene) :: ['CD40']


abstract: @entity11603 ( @entity11603 ) has a great potential as a novel treatment for @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ). It has previously been demonstrated that a nonvirulent strain of @entity2491 mutant (ST) can be used not only as a vehicle in oral genetic immunization via the intestinal mucosa, but also as an enhancer of interferon gamma- and @entity5 necrosis factor alpha-mediated immunity. After confirming that @entity1 @entity11603 can up-regulate expression of Fas, @entity7938 , and @entity2937 molecules on @entity19 @entity1892 cells in vitro, we transfected the @entity1 @entity11603 gene into @entity2491 mutant (ST40L), which was administrated orally to determine whether it was able to prevent the growth of @entity1892 in @entity19 . Expression of @entity1 @entity11603 was confirmed immunohistochemically with protein being detected in the Peyer's patches of @entity19 immunized with ST40L. Moreover, @entity1 soluble @entity11603 had been detectable until 7 to 8 weeks after oral administration of ST40L. Although ST alone exhibited some protective effects, ST40L demonstrated a significantly greater protection against the development of @entity2936 positive @entity1892 compared with the control. In the surviving @entity19 that had been treated with ST40L, a small and hard nodule was formed at the injection site, which was found to be composed of infiltrating lymphocytes expressing Fas ligand. These results have the potential to be a simple, effective, and above all, safe immune-gene therapy against @entity1892 . (Blood. 2000;95:1258-1263)

title: An oral @entity2936 ligand gene therapy against lymphoma using attenuated XXXX .

answer: @entity2491 :: (90371,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']


abstract: A rapid method for screening potential dye ligands for use in affinity chromatography is described. Textile dyes were non-covalently coupled to a cross-linked polysaccharide Sepharose(R) matrix. @entity375 @entity988 ( @entity988 ) was used as the model protein for evaluating the screening system. A homogenate from @entity375 was used as the crude source of enzyme. Batchwise adsorption and elution were used to evaluate the individual dyes. The influence of pH and ionic strength in the binding and elution steps was evaluated. Batch isotherms were used to evaluate parameter characteristics. Experimental data obtained were fitted to Langmuir isotherms to determine the maximum binding capacity and the dissociation constant for each dye evaluated in this study. A dynamic binding capacity of 107.6 units of @entity988 /g of resin was determined for Procion Turquoise MXG dye by frontal analysis. Specific elution with @entity2125 + and non-specific elution with 50 mM Tris/HCl buffer, pH 8.5, were tested when Procion Turquoise MXG was used, giving purification factors of 53.5 and 4.4 respectively. This screening technique is inexpensive and can be performed in a few hours. It was possible to predict the performance of different reactive dyes in this way, and the influence of pH and salt on the binding behaviour was demonstrated.

title: Rapid screening of textile dyes employed as affinity ligands to purify enzymes from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['ADH', 'alcohol dehydrogenase']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Yeast', "baker's yeast"]

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Fibronectin is secreted from the cell as a soluble protein that must then polymerize to regulate cell function. To elucidate the process of fibronectin matrix assembly in @entity455 , we immunostained sections of balloon-injured @entity35 carotid artery for the fibronectin-binding alpha5beta1 integrin. Whereas alpha5beta1 integrin was not evident in the normal carotid artery, its expression was induced after a @entity1317 . By 14 days, the alpha5beta1 integrin was localized exclusively to the less differentiated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) at the luminal surface of the @entity8233 . Platelet-derived growth factor-BB, dominant in neointimal formation, selectively increased the expression of the alpha5beta1 integrin by @entity1 SMCs in culture. To track the assembly of fibronectin fibers, fluorescence-labeled soluble fibronectin protomers were added to cultured SMCs and to fresh segments of normal and balloon-injured @entity35 carotid arteries. Fibronectin fiber formation in cultured SMCs could be detected within 10 minutes, and was blocked by an RGD peptide, an anti-beta1 integrin antibody, and an anti-alpha5beta1 integrin antibody, but not by an anti-beta3 integrin antibody. En face confocal microscopy of arterial segments revealed that soluble fibronectin had polymerized on the alpha5beta1 integrin-expressing SMCs of the luminal surface of the injured @entity8233 , but not on the alpha5beta1 integrin-negative neointimal SMCs below this or on the endothelial cells of uninjured arteries. Furthermore, in situ fibronectin assembly by the neointimal SMCs was inhibited by an RGD peptide and by an anti-beta1 integrin antibody. These studies indicate that a subpopulation of SMCs in the repairing artery wall orchestrates integrin-mediated fibronectin assembly.

title: alpha5beta1 integrin expression and luminal edge fibronectin matrix assembly by smooth muscle cells after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['arterial neointima', 'neointima']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['arterial injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe risk factors for @entity204 among twins born in South Carolina. STUDY DESIGN: South Carolina publicly accessible live birth and @entity1 death cohort files for live-born twins >500 g were reviewed for the years 1988 through 1993. @entity1 with @entity154 were deleted from the cohort before analysis. Risk factors for @entity204 were determined for the entire cohort and for the birth weight categories of 500 to 999 g, 1000 to 1499 g, 1500 to 2499 g, and >/=2500 g. Statistical comparisons were performed with the Mantel-Haenszel chi2 test and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 7833 live-born twins, 263 (3.4%) died during the neonatal period. The mean birth weight was 2357 +/- 650 g (range 500-5358 g) at a mean gestational age of 35.7 +/- 3.5 weeks. Overall neonatal mortality rates were significantly increased (P <.001) for twins whose mothers were nonwhite (4.2 vs 2.8%), were <20 years old (6.0 vs 3.2%), or received no prenatal care (14.7 vs 3.1%). After we controlled for population characteristics with multivariate techniques, analysis revealed birth weight <2500 g and residence in the most populous urban areas to be associated with increased neonatal mortality rates. After stratification into birth weight categories, race was no longer a significant variable; in fact, nonwhite twins had a survival advantage at birth weights <1500 g, but this was not significant. Maternal age <20 years was associated with a higher neonatal mortality rate for @entity1 with birth weights between 1500 and 2499 g. Absence of prenatal care significantly increased the neonatal mortality rate for twins >/=1500 g but not for those who were smaller. For @entity1 weighing 500 to 999 g neonatal mortality rates were significantly lower at hospitals with >/=2000 deliveries/y than at hospitals with lower delivery volumes (P =.005). CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall neonatal mortality rate for twins continues to improve, increased rates are still seen among blacks, teenagers, and @entity1 who receive no prenatal care. Twins between 500 and 999 g have significantly reduced neonatal mortality rates when delivered at hospitals with a high obstetric volume.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in twin gestations in the state of South Carolina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['lethal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['neonatal death']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radical cystectomy remains the gold standard in treatment of muscle invasive @entity150 . Evolution of pathological guidelines has empowered centres to offer orthotopic substitution (OBS) to @entity1 undergoing radical cystectomy. We compared health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between @entity1 who underwent OBS or @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) following radical cystectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 57 @entity1 who underwent cystectomy were assessed pre-operatively using Karnofsky performance scale (KPS). Of these, 52 @entity1 (28 OBS and 24 @entity1494 ) who responded to a postal questionnaire consisting of SF-36 and a functional index questionnaire were included. RESULTS: Median age of @entity1 was 70 years. Pre-operative KPS scores were similar. All eight HRQoL scales were favourable in both groups. OBS @entity1 had significantly better physical functioning. In the cohort, 42% of @entity1 with OBS and 25% of diversions could maintain an erection to varying degrees. Of the OBS @entity1 , 85% were continent with two @entity1 reporting reduced QoL with pad usage. Of @entity1494 @entity1 , 63% felt less complete and 42% were embarrassed due to the stoma, with 58% apprehensive of stomal leakage. Of OBS @entity1 , 96% had significant relationships and a more active life-style. CONCLUSIONS: In a similar age-group population, there was no significant difference in most QoL indices but body image issues persist in @entity1494 @entity1 . OBS @entity1 had significantly better physical function, continuing to have a more active lifestyle. They attained urethral voiding with good continence. A detailed discussion of long-term functional outcome would engender a realistic expectation allowing better adaptation.

title: Orthotopic neobladder versus XXXX after cystectomy--a quality-of-life based comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'ileal conduit urinary diversion']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['ileal conduit urinary diversion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between leukotriene expression in blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity565 (5-12 years) and ten healthy @entity1 (control group) were enrolled. The asthmatic @entity1 were subdivided into ICS well-controlled and ICS poorly-controlled groups based on their clinical symptoms and lung function. The level of @entity21238 ( @entity21238 ) mRNA in PMNL was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The level of @entity21238 mRNA was expressed by the value of qCt, and the value of qCt was diversely correlated with the level of @entity21238 mRNA expression. The concentration of urinary @entity11130 (LTE4) was measured using ELISA. RESULTS: The expression of @entity21238 mRNA in PMNL was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity565 (qCt: 1.12+/-0.27) than that in the control group (qCt: 1.42+/-0.12; P< 0.05). The expression of @entity21238 mRNA in PMNL in the ICS poorly-controlled group (qCt: 1.03+/-0.17) was significantly higher than that in the ICS well-controlled group (qCt: 1.24+/-0.33; P< 0.05) and the control group(1.42+/-0.12; P< 0.01). There was no significant difference in the level of urinary LTE4 among the the ICS poorly-controlled, the ICS well-controlled and the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity21238 mRNA expression in PMNL in asthmatic @entity1 increases, and the @entity21238 mRNA expression in the ICS poorly-controlled group is higher than that in the ICS well-controlled group. This suggests that an increased leukotriene expression might be associated with poorly-controlled @entity565 .

title: [Relationship between the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids and the leukotriene expression in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity21238 :: ('4056', 'Gene') :: ['LTC4S', 'leukotriene C4 synthase']

entities_list: @entity11130 :: ('MESH:D017999', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene E4']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between leukotriene expression in blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in @entity1 with @entity565 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity565 (5-12 years) and ten healthy @entity1 (control group) were enrolled. The asthmatic @entity1 were subdivided into ICS well-controlled and ICS poorly-controlled groups based on their clinical symptoms and lung function. The level of @entity21238 ( @entity21238 ) mRNA in PMNL was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The level of @entity21238 mRNA was expressed by the value of qCt, and the value of qCt was diversely correlated with the level of @entity21238 mRNA expression. The concentration of urinary @entity11130 (LTE4) was measured using ELISA. RESULTS: The expression of @entity21238 mRNA in PMNL was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity565 (qCt: 1.12+/-0.27) than that in the control group (qCt: 1.42+/-0.12; P< 0.05). The expression of @entity21238 mRNA in PMNL in the ICS poorly-controlled group (qCt: 1.03+/-0.17) was significantly higher than that in the ICS well-controlled group (qCt: 1.24+/-0.33; P< 0.05) and the control group(1.42+/-0.12; P< 0.01). There was no significant difference in the level of urinary LTE4 among the the ICS poorly-controlled, the ICS well-controlled and the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity21238 mRNA expression in PMNL in asthmatic @entity1 increases, and the @entity21238 mRNA expression in the ICS poorly-controlled group is higher than that in the ICS well-controlled group. This suggests that an increased leukotriene expression might be associated with poorly-controlled @entity565 .

title: [Relationship between the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids and the leukotriene expression in XXXX with @entity565 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Joint erosion is a prevalent feature of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) but not of many other chronic inflammatory arthritides (non- @entity309 ). Joint destruction is mediated by cytokines, primarily interleukin (IL)-1 and @entity5 @entity39 factor. Less erosive activity in @entity1 with non- @entity309 compared to @entity309 might be related to factors that inhibit production and/or function of IL-1. Release of @entity1356 , and the two antagonists, @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) and @entity688 from blood mononuclear cells were therefore quantitated by ELISA in 22 @entity1 with @entity309 , 11 with non- @entity309 and 15 healthy age-matched controls. Release of @entity1356 was comparable between the three groups but only detectable in cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide; it decreased in @entity1 treated with @entity617 : 3.8 ng/10(6)monocytes (median) vs 11.7 (P=0.045). Release of @entity1193 was in all but IgG-stimulated cultures comparable between groups. The ratio of @entity1193 / @entity1356 was elevated in LPS-stimulated cells from @entity309 @entity1 only: 2.0 versus 1.3 (P=0.02). In contrast, IgG-induced @entity1193 release was significantly elevated only in non- @entity309 @entity1 : 95 ng/10(6)monocytes vs 40 (P=0.014), and the levels correlated positively to those of blood CRP (P=0.02). Though stimulated release of @entity688 was similar between the three groups, the levels were lower in @entity625 @entity1 , and controls (P=0. 05). In conclusion, increased IgG-stimulated @entity1193 release and elevated @entity1193 / @entity1356 ratio may protect against actions of IL-1 in vivo, and decreased release of @entity688 might be related to features of @entity625 .

title: Production of XXXX , @entity1193 and @entity688 by blood mononuclear cells in chronic @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['non-erosive than erosive arthritis', 'non-erosive arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1ra', 'IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['interleukin (IL)-1beta']


abstract: Joint erosion is a prevalent feature of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) but not of many other chronic inflammatory arthritides (non- @entity309 ). Joint destruction is mediated by cytokines, primarily interleukin (IL)-1 and @entity5 @entity39 factor. Less erosive activity in @entity1 with non- @entity309 compared to @entity309 might be related to factors that inhibit production and/or function of IL-1. Release of @entity1356 , and the two antagonists, @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) and @entity688 from blood mononuclear cells were therefore quantitated by ELISA in 22 @entity1 with @entity309 , 11 with non- @entity309 and 15 healthy age-matched controls. Release of @entity1356 was comparable between the three groups but only detectable in cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide; it decreased in @entity1 treated with @entity617 : 3.8 ng/10(6)monocytes (median) vs 11.7 (P=0.045). Release of @entity1193 was in all but IgG-stimulated cultures comparable between groups. The ratio of @entity1193 / @entity1356 was elevated in LPS-stimulated cells from @entity309 @entity1 only: 2.0 versus 1.3 (P=0.02). In contrast, IgG-induced @entity1193 release was significantly elevated only in non- @entity309 @entity1 : 95 ng/10(6)monocytes vs 40 (P=0.014), and the levels correlated positively to those of blood CRP (P=0.02). Though stimulated release of @entity688 was similar between the three groups, the levels were lower in @entity625 @entity1 , and controls (P=0. 05). In conclusion, increased IgG-stimulated @entity1193 release and elevated @entity1193 / @entity1356 ratio may protect against actions of IL-1 in vivo, and decreased release of @entity688 might be related to features of @entity625 .

title: Production of @entity1356 , @entity1193 and @entity688 by blood mononuclear cells in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: Joint erosion is a prevalent feature of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) but not of many other chronic inflammatory arthritides (non- @entity309 ). Joint destruction is mediated by cytokines, primarily interleukin (IL)-1 and @entity5 @entity39 factor. Less erosive activity in @entity1 with non- @entity309 compared to @entity309 might be related to factors that inhibit production and/or function of IL-1. Release of @entity1356 , and the two antagonists, @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) and @entity688 from blood mononuclear cells were therefore quantitated by ELISA in 22 @entity1 with @entity309 , 11 with non- @entity309 and 15 healthy age-matched controls. Release of @entity1356 was comparable between the three groups but only detectable in cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide; it decreased in @entity1 treated with @entity617 : 3.8 ng/10(6)monocytes (median) vs 11.7 (P=0.045). Release of @entity1193 was in all but IgG-stimulated cultures comparable between groups. The ratio of @entity1193 / @entity1356 was elevated in LPS-stimulated cells from @entity309 @entity1 only: 2.0 versus 1.3 (P=0.02). In contrast, IgG-induced @entity1193 release was significantly elevated only in non- @entity309 @entity1 : 95 ng/10(6)monocytes vs 40 (P=0.014), and the levels correlated positively to those of blood CRP (P=0.02). Though stimulated release of @entity688 was similar between the three groups, the levels were lower in @entity625 @entity1 , and controls (P=0. 05). In conclusion, increased IgG-stimulated @entity1193 release and elevated @entity1193 / @entity1356 ratio may protect against actions of IL-1 in vivo, and decreased release of @entity688 might be related to features of @entity625 .

title: Production of @entity1356 , @entity1193 and XXXX by blood mononuclear cells in chronic @entity625 .

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: Joint erosion is a prevalent feature of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) but not of many other chronic inflammatory arthritides (non- @entity309 ). Joint destruction is mediated by cytokines, primarily interleukin (IL)-1 and @entity5 @entity39 factor. Less erosive activity in @entity1 with non- @entity309 compared to @entity309 might be related to factors that inhibit production and/or function of IL-1. Release of @entity1356 , and the two antagonists, @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) and @entity688 from blood mononuclear cells were therefore quantitated by ELISA in 22 @entity1 with @entity309 , 11 with non- @entity309 and 15 healthy age-matched controls. Release of @entity1356 was comparable between the three groups but only detectable in cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide; it decreased in @entity1 treated with @entity617 : 3.8 ng/10(6)monocytes (median) vs 11.7 (P=0.045). Release of @entity1193 was in all but IgG-stimulated cultures comparable between groups. The ratio of @entity1193 / @entity1356 was elevated in LPS-stimulated cells from @entity309 @entity1 only: 2.0 versus 1.3 (P=0.02). In contrast, IgG-induced @entity1193 release was significantly elevated only in non- @entity309 @entity1 : 95 ng/10(6)monocytes vs 40 (P=0.014), and the levels correlated positively to those of blood CRP (P=0.02). Though stimulated release of @entity688 was similar between the three groups, the levels were lower in @entity625 @entity1 , and controls (P=0. 05). In conclusion, increased IgG-stimulated @entity1193 release and elevated @entity1193 / @entity1356 ratio may protect against actions of IL-1 in vivo, and decreased release of @entity688 might be related to features of @entity625 .

title: Production of @entity1356 , XXXX and @entity688 by blood mononuclear cells in chronic @entity625 .

answer: @entity1193 :: (3557,Gene) :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']


abstract: In the last few years, a marked decrease in male fertility has been reported. Environmental factors were recently suspected for this effect. Among those factors is the misuse of drugs and in particular antibiotics. @entity5176 are a group of antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum activity. @entity73 of some @entity1536 members is controversial; a matter which stimulated our attention to investigate the adverse testicular effects of the most familiar @entity1536 members, namely: @entity800 , @entity2177 and @entity13658 . They were given to @entity35 in doses of 72, 135 and 72 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o., respectively, for 15 consecutive days. @entity800 was also used to establish a dose-response relationship in doses of 36, 72 and 360 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o. for 15 consecutive days. Results revealed that @entity800 , @entity2177 and @entity13658 reduced testicular @entity19184 activity by 39.8%, 62.7% and 60.7%, respectively. Moreover, sperm count, motility and daily sperm production were markedly decreased. @entity800 induced a dose-dependent decrease in testicular @entity19184 activity, sperm count and motility. Furthermore, daily sperm production showed a marked reduction which amounted to 26.1% and 40. 0% following administration of @entity800 (72, 360 mg kg(-1) day(-1) x 15 days), respectively. Moreover, administration of @entity800 resulted in marked testicular histopathological changes. It is concluded that, @entity800 , @entity2177 and @entity13658 significantly impaired both testicular function and structure in @entity35 .

title: Adverse testicular effects of some XXXX members in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity13658 :: ('MESH:D015366', 'Chemical') :: ['pefloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolones']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular impairment']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['Ofloxacin', 'ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity1536 :: (CHEBI:23765,Chemical) :: ['quinolone']


abstract: In the last few years, a marked decrease in male fertility has been reported. Environmental factors were recently suspected for this effect. Among those factors is the misuse of drugs and in particular antibiotics. @entity5176 are a group of antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum activity. @entity73 of some @entity1536 members is controversial; a matter which stimulated our attention to investigate the adverse testicular effects of the most familiar @entity1536 members, namely: @entity800 , @entity2177 and @entity13658 . They were given to @entity35 in doses of 72, 135 and 72 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o., respectively, for 15 consecutive days. @entity800 was also used to establish a dose-response relationship in doses of 36, 72 and 360 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o. for 15 consecutive days. Results revealed that @entity800 , @entity2177 and @entity13658 reduced testicular @entity19184 activity by 39.8%, 62.7% and 60.7%, respectively. Moreover, sperm count, motility and daily sperm production were markedly decreased. @entity800 induced a dose-dependent decrease in testicular @entity19184 activity, sperm count and motility. Furthermore, daily sperm production showed a marked reduction which amounted to 26.1% and 40. 0% following administration of @entity800 (72, 360 mg kg(-1) day(-1) x 15 days), respectively. Moreover, administration of @entity800 resulted in marked testicular histopathological changes. It is concluded that, @entity800 , @entity2177 and @entity13658 significantly impaired both testicular function and structure in @entity35 .

title: Adverse testicular effects of some @entity1536 members in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of nasal mucosa @entity82 on radiation induced @entity130 . METHODS: Seventy two male @entity35 were randomly divided into two groups, control group and irradiation injured group (radiation dose were 40 Gy); the @entity35 were killed 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after the finish of radiation. The middle turbinates of the animals were removed. The pathological change of the nasal mucosa were observed with scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, @entity1710 and @entity1711 (HE), alcian blue-periodic acid-Schif (AB-PAS), and Masson Trichrome (MT). The Hyp content in nasal mucosa was measured with chemo-chromatometry. RESULTS: After radiation, the pathological characteristics in early stage (within 4 weeks) was acute inflammatory reaction. The repair of nasal mucosa started 4 weeks after radiation, lasted to 6 months. The deposition of collagen in nasal mucosa could be found 1 week after irradiation and increased gradually. CONCLUSION: Irradiation could induce a serials of pathological changes on nasal mucosa. The nasal mucosa @entity82 may be one of the reasons of persistent irradiation induced @entity130 .

title: [Fibrotic remodeling of nasal mucosa in XXXX model after radiation injury].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['nasal mucosa injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity1577 is unknown. In the liver, stellate cells play a major role in fibrogenesis by synthesising increased amounts of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins when activated by profibrogenic mediators such as cytokines and oxidant stress. AIMS: To determine whether cultured @entity35 pancreatic stellate cells produce collagen and other ECM proteins, and exhibit signs of activation when exposed to the cytokines platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) or transforming growth factor beta ( @entity1810 ). METHODS: Cultured pancreatic stellate cells were immunostained for the ECM proteins procollagen III, collagen I, laminin, and fibronectin using specific polyclonal antibodies. For cytokine studies, triplicate wells of cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of PDGF or @entity1810 . RESULTS: Cultured pancreatic stellate cells stained strongly positive for all ECM proteins tested. Incubation of cells with 1, 5, and 10 ng/ml PDGF led to a significant dose related increase in cell counts as well as in the incorporation of @entity665 into DNA. Stellate cells exposed to 0.25, 0.5, and 1 ng/ml @entity1810 showed a dose dependent increase in alpha smooth muscle actin expression and increased collagen synthesis. In addition, @entity1810 increased the expression of PDGF receptors on stellate cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity788 stellate cells produce collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, and respond to the cytokines PDGF and @entity1810 by increased proliferation and increased collagen synthesis. These results suggest an important role for stellate cells in pancreatic fibrogenesis.

title: XXXX stellate cells are activated by proinflammatory cytokines: implications for pancreatic fibrogenesis.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fibrosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To probe into an new methods preserving parathyroid gland of @entity1 with @entity259 . METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity259 that primary treated were random divided into two groups: trial group and control group. Emulsion of activated- @entity505 particles was injected into the thyroid gland of trial group @entity1 . After thirty minutes, central compartment dissection was performed in the all @entity1 . The black stained tissue in the dissection specimen of trial group was separated. Total lymph node, @entity3 lymph node and parathyroid gland in the black stained tissue, and non-black stained tissue in the central compartment dissection specimen of trial group and central compartment dissection specimen of control group were counted respectively. RESULTS: Nineteen and twenty central compartment dissection was performed in trial group and control group respectively. There are 177 lymph nodes included 83 @entity3 lymph nodes in the black-stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group. No parathyroid gland was found in the black-stained tissue. Nine lymph nodes included 2 @entity3 lymph nodes and 7 parathyroid glands were found in the non-black stained tissue of central compartment dissection specimen of trial group. There were 124 lymph nodes included 80 @entity3 lymph nodes and 8 parathyroid glands in central compartment dissection specimen of control group. There are statistic difference between the amount of lymph node in black stain tissue and that of control group (t = 0.340, P = 0.003). Rate of staining lymph node were 95.2 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Lymph node of VI group can be stained black by activated @entity505 particles, and parathyroid gland cannot be stained black. Maybe, parathyroid gland can be preserved by removing the black stain lymph node and retaining the non-black stained tissue.

title: [Parathyroid glands are differentiated from lymph node by activated- XXXX particles].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a report of a surgical procedure with which stenting after surgery of unilateral @entity16453 can be avoided. METHOD: We start transseptally with a hemitransfixion incision. The vomer and the bony @entity1146 plate are dissected submucosally and then resected with punches and a diamond burr, whilst the nasal and the pharyngeal mucosa of the @entity1146 is preserved completely. The next step is to cut transnasally a door-like flap out of the nasal blade of the mucosa of the @entity1146 , that is based laterally and with which the lateral raw surface of the new choana will be covered. Now a medially based door-like flap is cut out of the up to now intact pharyngeal blade of the @entity1146 , with which the medial wound surface is to be covered. The flaps are fixed with fibrin glue and with a nasal tamponade for two days, as after septoplasty. It is not necessary to insert stents anymore. RESULTS: Between 1995 until 1998 we treated three female and two male @entity1 using this method. Their ages were 6, 17, 17, 20 and 35 years and the postoperative observation lasted 2, 4, 1, 3 and 3 years. A restenosis was not seen in any of the cases. CONCLUSION: Because of these results, it is recommended to treat unilateral choanal @entity1146 of adults and @entity1 older than five years by using a combined transseptal-transnasal procedure. By using the described surgical technique postoperative stenting can be avoided.

title: [Combined transseptal-transnasal surgery of unilateral XXXX without using stents].

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['atresias', 'atresia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16453 :: ('MESH:D002754', 'Disease') :: ['choanal atresia']

answer: @entity16453 :: (MESH:D002754,Disease) :: ['choanal atresia']