abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term follow-up in apical @entity1121 is rare. OBJECTIVE: To study the natural history of the disease. METHODS: We followed 11 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 , for 5-20 years. RESULTS: At presentation all 11 @entity1 had typical features of apical @entity1121 , with @entity1353 in 3 and @entity662 in 8, of whom 5 were typical of angina and 3 had @entity583 . R-wave voltage and T-wave negativity progressively decreased in magnitude at serial electrocardiograms in four @entity1 . Perfusion defects were detected on thallium myocardial scintigraphy in three, increased apical uptake in two, and normal in one @entity1 . Apical @entity439 with normal coronary arteries developed in a @entity1 who had sustained @entity1165 . All of the 10 catheterized @entity1 had normal coronaries except for one with significant left anterior descending @entity2791 and another with a minor lesion. Symptomatic sustained @entity1165 was found in two @entity1 , one of whom required the implantation of an internal cardioverter defibrillator. CONCLUSIONS: Apical @entity1121 may develop morphologic and electrocardiographic changes with life-threatening @entity943 necessitating close follow-up and treatment.

title: Novel insights into the natural history of apical XXXX during long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pains']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the severity of @entity308 , @entity148 , and other symptoms of @entity458 in a representative general population sample of @entity239 ( @entity239 ) cases (FC) compared to @entity158 controls (PC), and to identify strong correlates of @entity308 and @entity148 . METHODS: We compared the severity of @entity308 , @entity148 , and other symptoms of @entity458 between 2 representative community samples: (1) 74 confirmed FC, and (2) 48 adults with chronic @entity158 (PC) who did not meet the 1990 ACR criteria for @entity239 . Psychological distress was measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies @entity308 (CES-D) Scale, the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI), and other measures of @entity458 from the literature. Using cutoff scores for CES-D and trait @entity148 , we compared demographic and clinical characteristics in those above and below each cutoff score. Simple linear regression was performed to identify factors strongly and independently correlated with @entity308 and trait @entity148 . RESULTS: Compared to PC, FC were more symptomatic on virtually all measures of @entity458 . Similarly, individuals who scored above cutoff scores for @entity308 and @entity148 had more physical symptoms and had poorer function than those below. @entity308 and trait @entity148 were highly correlated (r = 0.86). In a simple regression model, the best predictors for both @entity308 and trait @entity148 were the total number of symptoms and a @entity717 score. CONCLUSION: @entity308 and @entity148 are common and frequently severe even among community cases of @entity239 .

title: Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain with or without XXXX : @entity458 in a representative community adult sample.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'widespread pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the severity of @entity308 , @entity148 , and other symptoms of @entity458 in a representative general population sample of @entity239 ( @entity239 ) cases (FC) compared to @entity158 controls (PC), and to identify strong correlates of @entity308 and @entity148 . METHODS: We compared the severity of @entity308 , @entity148 , and other symptoms of @entity458 between 2 representative community samples: (1) 74 confirmed FC, and (2) 48 adults with chronic @entity158 (PC) who did not meet the 1990 ACR criteria for @entity239 . Psychological distress was measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies @entity308 (CES-D) Scale, the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI), and other measures of @entity458 from the literature. Using cutoff scores for CES-D and trait @entity148 , we compared demographic and clinical characteristics in those above and below each cutoff score. Simple linear regression was performed to identify factors strongly and independently correlated with @entity308 and trait @entity148 . RESULTS: Compared to PC, FC were more symptomatic on virtually all measures of @entity458 . Similarly, individuals who scored above cutoff scores for @entity308 and @entity148 had more physical symptoms and had poorer function than those below. @entity308 and trait @entity148 were highly correlated (r = 0.86). In a simple regression model, the best predictors for both @entity308 and trait @entity148 were the total number of symptoms and a @entity717 score. CONCLUSION: @entity308 and @entity148 are common and frequently severe even among community cases of @entity239 .

title: Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain with or without @entity239 : XXXX in a representative community adult sample.

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: PURPOSE: In a companion paper, we determined that intraocular pressure is part of the pathogenesis of normal-tension @entity726 by analyzing the effect of a 30% intraocular pressure reduction on the subsequent course of the disease. We report an intent-to-treat analysis of the study data to determine the effectiveness of pressure reduction. METHODS: One eligible eye of 145 subjects with normal-tension @entity726 was randomized either to no treatment (control) or to a 30% intraocular pressure reduction from baseline. To be eligible for randomization, the normal-tension @entity726 eyes had to show documented progression of field defects or a new disk @entity548 or had to have field defects that threatened fixation when first presented for the study. Survival analysis compared time to progression of all randomly assigned @entity1 during the course of follow-up from the initial baseline at randomization. In a separate analysis, data of @entity1 developing @entity231 were censored at the time that @entity231 produced 2 lines of Snellen visual acuity loss. RESULTS: Visual field progression occurred at indistinguishable rates in the pressure-lowered (22/66) and the untreated control (31/79) arms of the study (P = .21). In an analysis with data censored when @entity231 affected visual acuity, @entity227 was significantly more common in the untreated group (21/79) compared with the treated group (8/66). An overall survival analysis showed a survival of 80% in the treated arm and of 60% in the control arm at 3 years, and 80% in the treated arm and 40% in the controls at 5 years. The Kaplan-Meier curves were significantly different (P = .0018). The analyses gave different results because of a higher incidence of @entity231 in the group that underwent filtration surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The favorable effect of intraocular pressure reduction on progression of visual change in normal-tension @entity726 was only found when the impact of @entity231 on @entity227 , produced largely by surgery, was removed. @entity2790 without producing @entity231 is beneficial. Because not all untreated @entity1 progressed, the natural history of normal-tension @entity726 must be considered before embarking on intraocular pressure reduction with therapy apt to exacerbate @entity231 formation unless normal-tension @entity726 threatens serious @entity227 .

title: The effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction in the treatment of normal-tension @entity726 . Collaborative Normal-Tension XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual field progression']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Lowering intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: In a companion paper, we determined that intraocular pressure is part of the pathogenesis of normal-tension @entity726 by analyzing the effect of a 30% intraocular pressure reduction on the subsequent course of the disease. We report an intent-to-treat analysis of the study data to determine the effectiveness of pressure reduction. METHODS: One eligible eye of 145 subjects with normal-tension @entity726 was randomized either to no treatment (control) or to a 30% intraocular pressure reduction from baseline. To be eligible for randomization, the normal-tension @entity726 eyes had to show documented progression of field defects or a new disk @entity548 or had to have field defects that threatened fixation when first presented for the study. Survival analysis compared time to progression of all randomly assigned @entity1 during the course of follow-up from the initial baseline at randomization. In a separate analysis, data of @entity1 developing @entity231 were censored at the time that @entity231 produced 2 lines of Snellen visual acuity loss. RESULTS: Visual field progression occurred at indistinguishable rates in the pressure-lowered (22/66) and the untreated control (31/79) arms of the study (P = .21). In an analysis with data censored when @entity231 affected visual acuity, @entity227 was significantly more common in the untreated group (21/79) compared with the treated group (8/66). An overall survival analysis showed a survival of 80% in the treated arm and of 60% in the control arm at 3 years, and 80% in the treated arm and 40% in the controls at 5 years. The Kaplan-Meier curves were significantly different (P = .0018). The analyses gave different results because of a higher incidence of @entity231 in the group that underwent filtration surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The favorable effect of intraocular pressure reduction on progression of visual change in normal-tension @entity726 was only found when the impact of @entity231 on @entity227 , produced largely by surgery, was removed. @entity2790 without producing @entity231 is beneficial. Because not all untreated @entity1 progressed, the natural history of normal-tension @entity726 must be considered before embarking on intraocular pressure reduction with therapy apt to exacerbate @entity231 formation unless normal-tension @entity726 threatens serious @entity227 .

title: The effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction in the treatment of normal-tension XXXX . Collaborative Normal-Tension @entity726 Study Group.

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) has been considered to be better in temporal and dose flexibility, as well as hemodynamic stability than single dose spinal anesthesia. However, the failure of spinal anesthesia is not a rare experience for anesthesiologists. Here we present our experience in solving the problem and discuss the possible causes for the failure. METHODS: 236 cases were studied retrospectively from January to December in 1996. All were over 65 years old, ASA III, scheduled for transurethral procedures or orthopedic operation. CSA was performed with 0.2% @entity1341 . Failed CSA was confirmed by positive pin-prick test at T10 dermatome(umbilicus) 30 minutes after 20 mg @entity1341 was injected. For failed cases, 5 mL 1% @entity3303 was injected intrathecally for rescue. The failure rate, sensory and motor blockade, success rate by changing to @entity3303 and its dosage were recorded. RESULTS: Eleven of 236 cases (4.7%) were considered spinal failure since the initial 20 mg @entity1341 could not provide adequate T10 anesthesia in 30 minutes. Addition of 5 mL 1% @entity3303 produced a profound sensory and motor blockade in 9 cases, while further @entity3303 injection was required in two cases. The success rate by rescuing @entity3303 was 100% with an average @entity3303 consumption by 52.5 +/- 4.5 mg. DISCUSSION: Factors contributed to failure spinal anesthesia including failure of technique, errors of judgment, maldistribution and failure of local anesthetic itself. However, we thought that change of pH value of local anesthetic in CSF may play a great part in these failed CSAs. Despite the reasons for failure, we demonstrate that failure of continuous spinal anesthesia by 0.2% @entity1341 can be readily resolved by 1% @entity3303 .

title: Clinical study of failure in continuous spinal anesthesia with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: A model of @entity105 for fractionated and continuous exposure is developed. The model is discussed from two points of view. First a "surface" statistical model is introduced by making assumptions about the hazard function for the time of @entity5 latency. Later it is shown that the model can be interpreted in a mechanistic sense as a discrete and a mixed discrete/continuous counterpart of a model of @entity105 recently proposed by Yakovlev and Polig [A. Yakovlev, E. Polig, Math. Biosci. 132 (1996) 1]. Two counteracting effects are combined: a protective multiplicative effect of the exposure on the hazard function along with an additive effect of @entity5 responsible for an additional hazard. The model is used to revisit the analysis by Yakovlev et al. [A. Yakovlev, W. M  ller. L. Pavlova, E. Polig, Math. Biosci. 142 (1997) 107] of @entity706 in irradiated @entity19 under acute and fractionated exposure.

title: Modeling XXXX under a time-changing exposure.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer induction']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma-free survival']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radioimmunoguided surgery ( @entity1104 ) can be a valid option in the management of @entity2 as well as @entity5 in other anatomic sites. METHODS: We evaluated the usefulness of @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) in the staging of primitive @entity1149 . Intraoperatively, this technique can define the lymph nodes involvement and thus, the radicality of the resection. In the first stage of our study, we looked for the epitope @entity2797 in 45 @entity1 with primary @entity1149 . The epitope was found by immunochemistry in only 6 cases. The only one operable @entity1 was injected with monoclonal antibody B 72.3, that was 125I-labelled. RESULTS: At the operation, the monoclonal antibody showed no selectivity for neoplastic cells. Neoplastic tissue and healthy tissue showed a similar detection of the monoclonal antibody both intraoperatively and at the histochemical study. Because of the problems related with this method--e.g. technical difficulties, excessive wasting of time and lack of imaging--we modified our strategy. In this second stage of our study we used fragments of murine anti-CEA monoclonal antibody F023C5. The protocol was performed in 11 @entity1 with @entity1544 . In one @entity1 operated on for an excavated @entity5 (not well-defined at the immunoscintigraphy) intraoperative detection was negative while the ex vivo counts were significant: the neoplastic tissue showed a radioactivity twice higher than healthy tissue. Furthermore, the @entity1104 found a small intraparenchimal lymph node that was seen neither by CT nor by immunoscintigraphy. CONCLUSIONS: Our data are still preliminary, but with improvement of the technique and the use of more specific monoclonal antibodies the @entity1104 could become a helpful method, able to improve the radicality of surgery for @entity2 .

title: [Preliminary experience with radioimmuno-guided surgery of primary XXXX of the lung].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['RIGS', 'radioimmunoguided surgery']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: A 29-year-old right-handed male with a 12-year education presented with a 2-month history of generalized @entity302 activity. Neuroradiological imaging demonstrated a large lesion in the left frontal lobe involving the insulooperculum and in the temporal tip. Neurological and neuropsychological examination revealed no abnormality. Two-staged total resection of a left frontal large @entity816 involving the insulooperculum was achieved, with preservation of the speech and motor functions. The prefrontal area was resected en bloc under general anesthesia. To avoid vascular damage including the lenticulostriate arteries, the sylvian and the interhemispheric fissures were thoroughly opened. The @entity5 was apparently located in the anatomical Broca's area. Eighteen days later, the @entity41 was totally resected with no language deficit after identifying the motor-speech cortex, which was displaced from the usual location, by direct cortical stimulation under local anesthesia. The medially extended insular @entity5 was then resected stepwise with frequent neurological monitoring with the @entity1 awake. Surgery for @entity75 in the dominant hemisphere carries a high risk of speech and @entity51 . This staged operation enables maximum @entity5 resection of dominant-side large frontal @entity11 involving the insuloopercular region, with preservation of both motor and speech functions.

title: Two-staged resection of a left frontal XXXX involving the operculum and insula using intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring--case report.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraaxial insuloopercular lesions']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytoma']


abstract: We report a case of @entity697 with @entity129 and @entity75 . A @entity1 , born on July 26, 1987, developed unusual sensation on the extremities, backache and @entity25 on June 23, 1996. On July 2, following a complaint of @entity1939 he developed a @entity410 and was admitted to our hospital. Neurological examination revealed intact consciousness, severe external @entity4610 , bifacial palsy and generalized areflexia. On the next day, flaccid @entity1688 and @entity1576 developed and progressed without disturbance of consciousness. After tracheal intubation he was under mechanical ventilation. A lumbar puncture examination showed clear CSF with increased protein 166 mg/dl. no cells and normal @entity2610 . Serum antibodies against gangliosides (GM1, asialo-GM1, GD1b and GQ1b) were not detected. A posterior tibial nerve conduction velocity was mildly delayed with disappearance of F- wave. On the other hand, very slow background activity was shown by EEG, extensive focal hypoperfusion of cerebral blood flow by SPECT and supratentorial multiple high intensity lesions by T2 weighted MRI of the brain. There were no abnormal signals in the brainstem and cerebellum on MRI. His condition dramatically improved after plasmapheresis. The abnormal findings of SPECT and MRI promptly disappeared within 3 weeks, although abnormal signs on EEG persisted. He was successfully weaned off the respirator and recovered strength of the limbs. He was discharged on August 28, 1996, with supported walk and bifacial palsy, then he completely recovered by 7 months. The condition of case was compatible with 'encephalo-myelo-radiculo- @entity16 ', a disease entity that had previously been reported in a few @entity1 in whom with Guillain-Barr   or @entity4894 and cerebral symptoms co-existed.

title: [A case of @entity697 with @entity129 and @entity75 --possible evidence of encephalo-myelo-radiculo- XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute polyradiculoneuritis']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2610 :: ('4155', 'Gene') :: ['myelin basic protein']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['Fisher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neuropathy']


abstract: We report a case of @entity697 with @entity129 and @entity75 . A @entity1 , born on July 26, 1987, developed unusual sensation on the extremities, backache and @entity25 on June 23, 1996. On July 2, following a complaint of @entity1939 he developed a @entity410 and was admitted to our hospital. Neurological examination revealed intact consciousness, severe external @entity4610 , bifacial palsy and generalized areflexia. On the next day, flaccid @entity1688 and @entity1576 developed and progressed without disturbance of consciousness. After tracheal intubation he was under mechanical ventilation. A lumbar puncture examination showed clear CSF with increased protein 166 mg/dl. no cells and normal @entity2610 . Serum antibodies against gangliosides (GM1, asialo-GM1, GD1b and GQ1b) were not detected. A posterior tibial nerve conduction velocity was mildly delayed with disappearance of F- wave. On the other hand, very slow background activity was shown by EEG, extensive focal hypoperfusion of cerebral blood flow by SPECT and supratentorial multiple high intensity lesions by T2 weighted MRI of the brain. There were no abnormal signals in the brainstem and cerebellum on MRI. His condition dramatically improved after plasmapheresis. The abnormal findings of SPECT and MRI promptly disappeared within 3 weeks, although abnormal signs on EEG persisted. He was successfully weaned off the respirator and recovered strength of the limbs. He was discharged on August 28, 1996, with supported walk and bifacial palsy, then he completely recovered by 7 months. The condition of case was compatible with 'encephalo-myelo-radiculo- @entity16 ', a disease entity that had previously been reported in a few @entity1 in whom with Guillain-Barr   or @entity4894 and cerebral symptoms co-existed.

title: [A case of XXXX with @entity129 and @entity75 --possible evidence of encephalo-myelo-radiculo- @entity16 ].

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute polyradiculoneuritis']


abstract: We report a case of @entity697 with @entity129 and @entity75 . A @entity1 , born on July 26, 1987, developed unusual sensation on the extremities, backache and @entity25 on June 23, 1996. On July 2, following a complaint of @entity1939 he developed a @entity410 and was admitted to our hospital. Neurological examination revealed intact consciousness, severe external @entity4610 , bifacial palsy and generalized areflexia. On the next day, flaccid @entity1688 and @entity1576 developed and progressed without disturbance of consciousness. After tracheal intubation he was under mechanical ventilation. A lumbar puncture examination showed clear CSF with increased protein 166 mg/dl. no cells and normal @entity2610 . Serum antibodies against gangliosides (GM1, asialo-GM1, GD1b and GQ1b) were not detected. A posterior tibial nerve conduction velocity was mildly delayed with disappearance of F- wave. On the other hand, very slow background activity was shown by EEG, extensive focal hypoperfusion of cerebral blood flow by SPECT and supratentorial multiple high intensity lesions by T2 weighted MRI of the brain. There were no abnormal signals in the brainstem and cerebellum on MRI. His condition dramatically improved after plasmapheresis. The abnormal findings of SPECT and MRI promptly disappeared within 3 weeks, although abnormal signs on EEG persisted. He was successfully weaned off the respirator and recovered strength of the limbs. He was discharged on August 28, 1996, with supported walk and bifacial palsy, then he completely recovered by 7 months. The condition of case was compatible with 'encephalo-myelo-radiculo- @entity16 ', a disease entity that had previously been reported in a few @entity1 in whom with Guillain-Barr   or @entity4894 and cerebral symptoms co-existed.

title: [A case of @entity697 with XXXX and @entity75 --possible evidence of encephalo-myelo-radiculo- @entity16 ].

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['multiple cranial nerve palsy']


abstract: We report a case of @entity697 with @entity129 and @entity75 . A @entity1 , born on July 26, 1987, developed unusual sensation on the extremities, backache and @entity25 on June 23, 1996. On July 2, following a complaint of @entity1939 he developed a @entity410 and was admitted to our hospital. Neurological examination revealed intact consciousness, severe external @entity4610 , bifacial palsy and generalized areflexia. On the next day, flaccid @entity1688 and @entity1576 developed and progressed without disturbance of consciousness. After tracheal intubation he was under mechanical ventilation. A lumbar puncture examination showed clear CSF with increased protein 166 mg/dl. no cells and normal @entity2610 . Serum antibodies against gangliosides (GM1, asialo-GM1, GD1b and GQ1b) were not detected. A posterior tibial nerve conduction velocity was mildly delayed with disappearance of F- wave. On the other hand, very slow background activity was shown by EEG, extensive focal hypoperfusion of cerebral blood flow by SPECT and supratentorial multiple high intensity lesions by T2 weighted MRI of the brain. There were no abnormal signals in the brainstem and cerebellum on MRI. His condition dramatically improved after plasmapheresis. The abnormal findings of SPECT and MRI promptly disappeared within 3 weeks, although abnormal signs on EEG persisted. He was successfully weaned off the respirator and recovered strength of the limbs. He was discharged on August 28, 1996, with supported walk and bifacial palsy, then he completely recovered by 7 months. The condition of case was compatible with 'encephalo-myelo-radiculo- @entity16 ', a disease entity that had previously been reported in a few @entity1 in whom with Guillain-Barr   or @entity4894 and cerebral symptoms co-existed.

title: [A case of @entity697 with @entity129 and XXXX --possible evidence of encephalo-myelo-radiculo- @entity16 ].

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cerebral lesion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypertonic saline solutions may have beneficial hemodynamic effects in the resuscitation of @entity548 . The effects on cardiac function and potential interaction with lung function are controversial and served as the basis for this study. METHODS: Domestic @entity1707 were resuscitated from @entity548 with equivalent @entity1372 loads of lactated Ringer's solution (LR) or 7.5% @entity1219 plus 10% dextran ( @entity22945 ). Hemodynamic data were obtained at baseline, shock, and after resuscitation. Right ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular change in pressure with respect to time (dP/dt) were used to index contractility. Regional myocardial blood flow was determined with microspheres. Lung water was determined gravimetrically. RESULTS: There were no differences in the ability to restore hemodynamic parameters with equivalent @entity1372 loads of LR and @entity22945 resuscitation. Right ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular change in pressure with respect to time were only transiently affected by shock and resuscitation. Regional myocardial blood flow was increased above baseline values after @entity22945 . The total resuscitation volumes were 1958 +/- 750 mL and 140 +/- 31 mL with LR and @entity22945 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although LR and @entity22945 were equally effective in the early resuscitation of @entity548 , this occurred at the expense of significantly greater volume requirements for resuscitation with LR. This may contribute to @entity299 in this setting. Enhanced regional myocardial blood flow after @entity22945 resuscitation may be beneficial against ongoing myocardial stress.

title: Effect of hypertonic saline solution and dextran on ventricular blood flow and heart-lung interaction after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy in the evaluation of intra-abdominal @entity5 has become a debated issue. Proponents have claimed that it increases resectability rates, whereas opponents suggest that many @entity1 require laparotomy regardless of the laparoscopic findings. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes in @entity1 undergoing staging laparoscopy versus those who were managed by initial exploratory laparotomy. METHODS: The medical records of all @entity1 during an 18-month period who underwent surgical evaluation for upper @entity344 were reviewed. Forty-eight @entity1 underwent staging laparoscopy (SL) initially; 80 @entity1 underwent initial exploratory laparotomy (EL). Data obtained included type of @entity5 , laparoscopic findings, laparoscopic determination of resectability, laparoscopic procedures, open determination of resectability, open procedures, and length of stay (LOS). Statistical analysis was done by using Fisher exact test or the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The @entity5 of 75% of @entity1 were deemed resectable by SL. Of these, 77.8% were resected. This compares to 56.3% resectability rate in the EL group (P = .025). SL findings in @entity1 with unresectable @entity5 were @entity189 (75%), liver @entity3 (33.3%), and direct invasion (16.7%). In the 8 false-negative @entity2248 , 75% were unresectable as a result of vascular invasion and 25% for other reasons. Findings in the EL group whose @entity5 were unresectable were @entity189 (34.3%), direct invasion (22.6%), liver @entity3 (42.9%), and vascular invasion only (17.1%). Therefore 82.9% of @entity1 in the EL group could have been determined to have unresectable @entity5 by SL. In the EL group 22.5% of the laparotomies were nontherapeutic, whereas 4.2% of @entity1 in the SL group underwent nontherapeutic laparotomy. Average LOS for unresectable @entity1 in the SL group was 0.5 days, with 75% discharged the same day of operation. This compares to 10.9 days in the EL group (P < .00001) and 7.6 days in the nontherapeutic EL group (P < .00001). CONCLUSIONS: SL increases the resectability rate, decreases the nontherapeutic laparotomy rate, and decreases LOS in @entity1 with unresectable disease. SL is poor at detecting unresectability as a result of vascular invasion only, but this accounts for less than one-fifth of @entity1 . Laparoscopic sonography and palliation may further decrease the need for EL.

title: Staging laparoscopy in the management of intra-abdominal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate the possibility of transarterial, superselective embolization after traumatic @entity8 and @entity548 in @entity1 usually treated by surgery. METHODS: In a series of 16 @entity1 aged 21 to 86 years (mean 37 years) external @entity130 led to @entity8 and consecutive @entity548 . After diagnostic angiography (5 F) the exact site of @entity548 was detected and treated by superselective embolization via a coaxial catheter system (2.7 F) either by coils (n = 5) or liquid agents (ethibloc, n = 11). RESULTS: In all @entity1 @entity548 was stopped interventionally. Additional surgical treatment was not necessary in any case. In one older @entity1 with preinterventionally known reduced kidney function, the excretion function decreased to @entity1011 levels of about 3.6 mg/dl after therapy and led to compensated @entity1887 . Other complications were not observed. CONCLUSION: Interventional embolization is a well-tolerated and effective treatment modality after @entity548 . After exclusion of other injuries obligate for surgery, percutaneous transarterial therapy may help to avoid an operation. This reduces the risk of @entity7908 and treatment especially in multimorbid @entity1 .

title: [The percutaneous transarterial embolization therapy of traumatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury', 'kidney damage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic kidney hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['nephric insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['kidney hemorrhages']


abstract: Axial rotation of the trunk is commonly associated with @entity13400 and @entity158 . However, the behaviour of trunk muscles in @entity717 is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to measure spectral parameters from the EMG of erector spinae at T10 and L3 levels, latissimus dorsi, external and internal oblique, rectus abdominis and pectoralis major muscles bilaterally in a standardized repeatable @entity717 at 60% MVC to fatigue. Twelve young and healthy subjects were recruited after screening for @entity85 . Surface electrodes were applied to the named seven trunk muscles bilaterally. Subjects were seated in the device called Axial Rotation Tester and stabilized such that they could rotate only their thoracolumbar spine. Other motions were prevented. Subjects held 60% of their MVC for a period of 2 min. Samples (2.1 s) were obtained at every 10 s interval at a sampling frequency of 1 KHz. Samples were subjected to FFT analysis. The total power and the median frequencies were analyzed. The median frequency for different muscles were different (p < 0.001). The slopes of decline of the median frequencies of the agonists were different for different muscles (p < 0.001). This differential fatiguing rate could conceivably create a force imbalance potentiating @entity13400 .

title: Spectral parameters of trunk muscles during fatiguing XXXX in neutral posture.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axial rotation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity13400 :: ('MESH:D019567', 'Disease') :: ['back injury']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['isometric axial rotation']


abstract: In the seminiferous epithelium, morphologically diverse junctions mediate inter-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell adhesive contact and likely transmit signals between contacting cells. Defining the molecular composition of testicular cell-cell junctions is an important step in determining their function. Proteins belonging to the cadherin superfamily are important mediators of cell-cell adhesion, as well as cell signaling. Here, we determined the spatial and temporal protein expression of four classic cadherins in @entity35 testis: @entity17935 , cadherin-6, @entity70755 , and a cadherin defined by an antiserum generated against a conserved classic cadherin peptide (L4). Through Western blot analysis, all antibodies recognized unique proteins. Similarly, each cadherin displayed unique, cell-type specific immunostaining patterns. Whereas @entity17935 , @entity70755 , and L4-positive cadherin were expressed from Postnatal Day 7 through adulthood, cadherin-6 protein was not present at Postnatal Day 7 and first appeared at Day 21. Immunostaining of testis cryosections on Postnatal Days 7, 21, 31, 43, and those of adults indicated that @entity70755 localized to peritubular cell junctions. @entity17935 immunostaining localized to basal inter-Sertoli junctions, Sertoli-spermatocyte junctions, and at about stages I-VII in Sertoli-elongate spermatid junctions. Cadherin-6 immunostaining was restricted to Sertoli-round spermatid and in Sertoli-elongate spermatid junctions at approximately stages XII-I. Finally, L4-positive immunostaining also detected Sertoli-round spermatid junctions in addition to Sertoli-elongate spermatid junctions at approximately stages XII-I. These data show that the various testicular cell-cell junctions are molecularly unique and dynamic complexes.

title: Dynamic testicular adhesion junctions are immunologically unique. II. Localization of classic cadherins in XXXX testis.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity18096 ( @entity18096 ) is a rare @entity1200 , which is found in some @entity1 with @entity792 . The pathogenesis of @entity18096 and the relationship of these diseases have remained unclear. The absence of secreted IgM was recently reported to accelerate the development of @entity792 in lupus-prone lymphoproliferative (Ipr) @entity19 . The reduction of secreted IgM production may relate with the progression of @entity792 in @entity1 . We present a case of @entity18096 associated with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), and examined the function and the IgM heavy chain gene of @entity1 's lymphocytes. The number and the surface IgM expression of the @entity1 's B cells were normal. In vitro stimulation of peripheral mononuclear cells by recombinant IL-2 and a B cell activator, @entity794 Cowan strain I, could not overcome the reduction of IgM production, although the secreted form of IgM mRNA was detected. Sequence analysis of the IgM heavy chain gene and the IgM mRNA revealed no mutation or deletion. These findings suggested that @entity18096 in this case was involved in the abnormality during B cell maturation. Further analysis is required to reveal the pathogenesis of @entity18096 associated with @entity1252 .

title: Functional defect of B lymphocytes in a @entity1 with selective IgM deficiency associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency disease']

entities_list: @entity18096 :: ('MESH:C536290', 'Disease') :: ['SIgMD', 'Selective IgM deficiency']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity18096 ( @entity18096 ) is a rare @entity1200 , which is found in some @entity1 with @entity792 . The pathogenesis of @entity18096 and the relationship of these diseases have remained unclear. The absence of secreted IgM was recently reported to accelerate the development of @entity792 in lupus-prone lymphoproliferative (Ipr) @entity19 . The reduction of secreted IgM production may relate with the progression of @entity792 in @entity1 . We present a case of @entity18096 associated with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), and examined the function and the IgM heavy chain gene of @entity1 's lymphocytes. The number and the surface IgM expression of the @entity1 's B cells were normal. In vitro stimulation of peripheral mononuclear cells by recombinant IL-2 and a B cell activator, @entity794 Cowan strain I, could not overcome the reduction of IgM production, although the secreted form of IgM mRNA was detected. Sequence analysis of the IgM heavy chain gene and the IgM mRNA revealed no mutation or deletion. These findings suggested that @entity18096 in this case was involved in the abnormality during B cell maturation. Further analysis is required to reveal the pathogenesis of @entity18096 associated with @entity1252 .

title: Functional defect of B lymphocytes in a XXXX with selective IgM deficiency associated with @entity1252 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The past decade has seen great progress in understanding the key genes involved in GABAergic transmission. The genes for GAD, multiple subunits of the ionotropic @entity1246 receptors, metabotropic @entity1246 receptors, and @entity1246 uptake proteins have been cloned. Analysis of the cloned genes has yielded a plethora of fundamental insights into the role of the corresponding proteins in mediating GABAergic signals (reviewed in Tobin et al. and Erlander and Tobin). Tools based on these new studies, ranging from monoclonal antibodies to gene probes, have also allowed detailed mapping of expression patterns in the central nervous system (CNS). These new studies reveal that some components of GABAergic transmission have a very wide distribution, being expressed by GABAergic neurons throughout the CNS. Others have a much more restricted pattern of expression. The highly specific expression of GABAergic genes poses a set of fundamental challenges to developmental neurobiology. What genetic mechanisms underlie these patterns of expression? How are complex structures such as receptors assembled? How do the components of a GABAergic synapse come to be localized in proximity to each other so as to make functional transmission possible? Cell lines that express GABAergic phenotypes play an important part in answering these and related questions. With appropriate cell lines it should be possible to manipulate genes related to the GABAergic phenotype in ways that shed light on these questions. Recently, work from several laboratories, including our own, has shown that two pluripotent cell lines from the @entity19 , the @entity14293 @entity189 line and embryonic stem (ES) cells, are capable of differentiating into neuron-like cells with GABAergic phenotypes. Since these cell lines are highly suitable for genetic manipulation, they should be extremely useful for studying the relationship between @entity1246 -related genes and the phenotypes they encode.

title: Neural cells derived by in vitro differentiation of XXXX and embryonic stem cells.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14293 :: (83430(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['P19']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cause of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) is unknown. It may follow @entity1902 and be associated with an abnormal gut flora and with food intolerance. Our study was designed to assess whether these factors were associated with @entity694 . METHODS: We carried out a crossover controlled trial of a standard diet and an exclusion diet matched for macronutrients in six female @entity1744 @entity1 and six female controls. During the final 72 h on each diet, faecal excretion of fat, @entity1568 , starch, and non-starch polysaccharide NSP was measured, and total excretion of @entity3884 and @entity577 collected over 24 h in a purpose-built 1.4 m3 whole-body calorimeter. Breath @entity3884 and @entity577 excretion were then measured for 3 h after 20 g oral @entity11884 . FINDINGS: The maximum rate of gas excretion was significantly greater in @entity1 than in controls (2.4 mL/min IQR 1.7-2.6 vs 0.6, 0.4-1.1). Although total gas production in @entity1 was not greater than in controls (median 527 mL/24 h IQR 387-660 vs 412, 234-507), @entity3884 production was higher (332, 318-478 vs 162, 126-217, p=0.009). In @entity1 , the exclusion diet reduced symptoms and produced a fall in maximum gas excretion (0.5 mL/min IQR 0.3-0.7). After @entity11884 , breath @entity3884 was greater on the standard than on the exclusion diet. INTERPRETATION: @entity694 , particularly of @entity3884 , is greater in @entity1 with @entity1744 than in controls, and both symptoms and gas production are reduced by an exclusion diet. This reduction may be associated with alterations in the activity of @entity3884 -consuming bacteria. Fermentation may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of @entity1744 .

title: Abnormal XXXX in @entity1744 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic malfermentation', 'Colonic-gas production']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic fermentation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cause of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) is unknown. It may follow @entity1902 and be associated with an abnormal gut flora and with food intolerance. Our study was designed to assess whether these factors were associated with @entity694 . METHODS: We carried out a crossover controlled trial of a standard diet and an exclusion diet matched for macronutrients in six female @entity1744 @entity1 and six female controls. During the final 72 h on each diet, faecal excretion of fat, @entity1568 , starch, and non-starch polysaccharide NSP was measured, and total excretion of @entity3884 and @entity577 collected over 24 h in a purpose-built 1.4 m3 whole-body calorimeter. Breath @entity3884 and @entity577 excretion were then measured for 3 h after 20 g oral @entity11884 . FINDINGS: The maximum rate of gas excretion was significantly greater in @entity1 than in controls (2.4 mL/min IQR 1.7-2.6 vs 0.6, 0.4-1.1). Although total gas production in @entity1 was not greater than in controls (median 527 mL/24 h IQR 387-660 vs 412, 234-507), @entity3884 production was higher (332, 318-478 vs 162, 126-217, p=0.009). In @entity1 , the exclusion diet reduced symptoms and produced a fall in maximum gas excretion (0.5 mL/min IQR 0.3-0.7). After @entity11884 , breath @entity3884 was greater on the standard than on the exclusion diet. INTERPRETATION: @entity694 , particularly of @entity3884 , is greater in @entity1 with @entity1744 than in controls, and both symptoms and gas production are reduced by an exclusion diet. This reduction may be associated with alterations in the activity of @entity3884 -consuming bacteria. Fermentation may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of @entity1744 .

title: Abnormal @entity694 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: Scar contraction following the healing of deep partial-thickness or full-thickness @entity130 is a leading cause of functional and cosmetic morbidity. The therapeutic use of interferon for the treatment of @entity74 associated with @entity2472 , including @entity2805 , has been suggested because of its antifibrotic properties. Treatment of fibroblasts with interferon has been shown to reduce the rate and extent of contraction using the in vitro fibroblast-populated collagen lattice model. In order to establish the effect of interferon-alpha2b on full-thickness wound contraction in vivo, osmotic pumps loaded with interferon or sterile saline were implanted intraperitoneally in @entity840 . Seven days following implantation, six full-thickness punch biopsy wounds were created and were monitored by daily assessment of the wound. There was a significant reduction in the rate of wound contraction in the interferon-treated animals after day 3 (p < 0.01). Western blot analysis was used to quantitate selected cytoskeletal proteins in the normal skin and tissue biopsied from the wound at days 7, 14, and 21 postinjury. The amount of @entity964 in the contracted wound @entity130 as compared with the amount present in normal skin (p < 0.0001); however, the relative amounts of the myofibroblast-associated cytoskeletal proteins alpha-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin were less than those found in normal, uninjured skin. By using @entity964 to adjust the levels of cytoskeletal proteins for the increase in cellularity in the wounds, both alpha-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin significantly increased after closure of the wounds on day 14, as compared with the @entity5 (day 7), before further reductions occurred with remodeling on day 21. Measurement of apoptotic cells using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labeling assay revealed an increase in apoptosis in the interferon-alpha2b-treated animals at 21 days following wounding (p < 0.001), which did not colocalize with alpha-smooth muscle actin staining. Taken together, these findings suggest that interferon-alpha2b inhibits wound contraction in vivo, not through an appreciable alteration in myofibroblast number or cytoskeletal protein expression, but possibly through a reduction in fibroblast cellularity by the induction of apoptosis.

title: Effect of interferon-alpha2b on XXXX wound closure and the expression of cytoskeletal proteins in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['open-wound stage']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['fibroproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scar']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['dermal injury', 'increased following injury']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['scar contraction']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anticoagulants are effective in the prevention of @entity64 in @entity955 ( @entity5069 ). We aimed to find out the prevalence of @entity5069 in the UK and to estimate the proportion of @entity1 with @entity5069 who might benefit from anticoagulation. METHODS: We screened with electrocardiography a random sample of 4843 @entity1 from the community aged 65 years and older for @entity5069 . @entity1 with @entity5069 had further investigations to identify risk factors for @entity64 and contraindications to anticoagulants. We used three sets of criteria to assess risk and eligibility for anticoagulation. FINDINGS: 228 (4.7%) @entity1 had @entity5069 . According to analyses derived from risk stratifications based on the @entity64 Prevention in @entity955 (SPAF) study 61% of these @entity1 would have benefited from anticoagulation, 49% according to pooled analysis of trial results, and 41% according to the inclusion criteria for the SPAF 3 study. Anticoagulants were used by 1114 (23%) of all @entity1 and were least used among elderly @entity1 , who may be the most likely to benefit. Echocardiography would be useful to assess the need for anticoagulation only in @entity1 younger than 75 years with no contraindications to treatment and no clinical risk factors for @entity64 . INTERPRETATION: Anticoagulants seem to be underused and misdirected in treatment of @entity5069 , according to various criteria. Efforts to promote and support wider and more appropriate use of anticoagulants would seem to be justified, and should decrease the incidence of @entity64 amongst elderly @entity1 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX and eligibility for anticoagulants in the community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial Fibrillation', 'atrial fibrillation and flutter']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Although distraction osteogenesis is widely accepted as a technique to augment the craniofacial skeleton, timing to start distraction after an osteotomy or to remove distractors is basically based on studies on long bones. Because @entity79 is well known to be the gold standard for quantitative measurement of bone formation, we conducted this pilot study to evaluate its feasibility as a tool for assessing new bone formation by distraction osteogenesis. Five @entity1 with midface @entity509 and four with @entity3572 were studied. Each @entity1 had five bone scans: before surgery, 3 and 30 days after stopping distraction, and 3 days before and 3 months after distractor removal. Radiotracer uptake values at distraction sites were measured at 1 and 3 hours. Each uptake value was compared with preoperative study as uptake ratio. A typical pattern of radiotracer uptake ratio was observed in all cases with successful distraction. Uptake rose to the maximum during the consolidation period and remained at or above the preoperative level until the study end point. In one @entity1 who had mandibular distraction and nonunion of the right ramus, there was no uptake peak during early consolidation as seen in the successfully distracted body and in the other cases. Bone scintigraphy was found to be a useful investigation in craniofacial distraction. It showed the dynamic of new bone formation by demonstrating the osteoblastic activity, which is important objective information for determining distraction rate and consolidation duration in each case. It may also be a tool that can predict the outcome of distraction osteogenesis.

title: Quantitative study of new bone formation in distraction osteogenesis of craniofacial bones by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity3572 :: ('MESH:D008336', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone scintigraphy']


abstract: Recently, @entity461 ( @entity461 ) was shown to support survival of progenitor cells in bone marrow. The release of progenitor cells occurs in physiological and pathological conditions and was shown to contribute to neovascularization in @entity5 and @entity63 tissues. In the present study we sought to investigate prospectively the effect of @entity459 ( @entity459 ) on mobilization of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells. In 22 @entity1 with @entity459 and 10 controls, defined subpopulations of circulating bone marrow-derived progenitor cells (BMCs) were analyzed by flow cytometry ( @entity1195 (+)/ @entity2280 (+)/ @entity2279 (+) cells indicating endothelial progenitor cells, @entity1195 (+)/ @entity2280 (+)/c-kit(+) cells indicating hematopoietic stem cells, and @entity1195 (+)/ @entity2280 (+)/ @entity436 (+) cells indicating progenitor cells with the homing receptor @entity436 ). Cytokine serum levels ( @entity6826 , @entity1570 , @entity7 , @entity1307 , and @entity1261 ) were assessed using ELISA. Levels of @entity461 and thyroid hormone as well as serum electrolytes, renal and liver parameters, and blood count were analyzed. Our data show for the first time a significant increase of circulating BMCs and an upregulation of @entity1570 and @entity7 serum levels in @entity1 with @entity459 . The number of circulating BMCs returned to control levels measured 16.7 +/- 2.3 mo after surgery. There was a positive correlation of @entity461 levels with the number of @entity1195 (+)/ @entity2280 (+)/ @entity2279 (+), @entity1195 (+)/ @entity2280 (+)/c-kit(+), and @entity1195 (+)/ @entity2280 (+)/ @entity436 (+) cells. However, there was no correlation between cytokine serum concentrations ( @entity1570 , @entity7 ) and circulating BMCs. Serum levels of @entity1261 , @entity1307 , and @entity6826 known to mobilize BMCs were even decreased or remained unchanged, suggesting a direct effect of @entity461 on stem cell mobilization. Our data suggest a new function of @entity461 mobilizing BMCs into peripheral blood.

title: XXXX is associated with increased circulating bone marrow-derived progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: @entity1 germ-cell @entity5 (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of @entity5 . Based on epidemiology, anatomical site of presentation, histology, chromosomal constitution, and pattern of genomic imprinting, GCTs are classified into five entities. Within the testis, three types of GCTs can be diagnosed: type I ( @entity44 and yolk-sac @entity5 of neonates and @entity1 ); type II (seminomas and nonseminomas); type III ( @entity2969 ). Here the focus is on the type II GCTs, the most frequent type in the adult testis (so-called TGCTs). They can also be diagnosed in dysgenetic gonads (an incomplete or defective formation of the gonad, caused by a disturbed process of migration of the germ cells and/or their correct organization in their fetal gonadal ridge), the anterior mediastinum, and pineal/suprasellar region. In the testis, they originate from the malignant counterpart of primordial germ cells/gonocytes, referred to as @entity2735 ( @entity2735 )/intratubular germ-cell neoplasia unclassified (ITGCNU). @entity2735 /ITGCNU and seminomatous cells are characterized by expression of @entity4729 and @entity2440 , while in addition @entity189 expresses @entity4731 , all identified as transcription factors related to pluripotency in @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) cells. With the exception of @entity44 , most histological elements of TGCTs are sensitive for ( @entity900 -based) chemotherapy; @entity2735 /ITGCNU and @entity4797 cells are also sensitive to DNA damage induced by irradiation. Similar observations have been made for @entity2085 cells and their derivates. Moreover, the genetic constitution of TGCTs (low incidence of mutations and frequent @entity8882 ) can also be linked to characteristics of @entity2085 cells, likely related to their specific inability to repair DNA damage and their high sensitivity to apoptotic cell death. The unusual presence of wild-type @entity876 in TGCTs is explained by specific expression of a cluster of micro-RNAs (miRNAs), that is, hsa-miR 371-373, also expressed in @entity2085 cells, which prevents @entity876 -driven cellular senescence upon oncogenic stress. Many characteristics of @entity1 TGCTs reflect the nonmalignant counterparts from which they originate. Demonstration of these characteristics, in combination with the knowledge of the abnormal niche of these cells, normally occupied by spermatogonia, allows an informative method for (early) diagnosis. The conclusion is that TGCTs are @entity5 found in adults.

title: Chromosomes and expression in @entity1 testicular germ-cell XXXX : insight into their cell of origin and pathogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'embryonic stem']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors', 'embryonic cancers']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['spermatocytic seminomas']

entities_list: @entity8882 :: ('MESH:D024182', 'Disease') :: ['uniparental disomies']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: @entity1 germ-cell @entity5 (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of @entity5 . Based on epidemiology, anatomical site of presentation, histology, chromosomal constitution, and pattern of genomic imprinting, GCTs are classified into five entities. Within the testis, three types of GCTs can be diagnosed: type I ( @entity44 and yolk-sac @entity5 of neonates and @entity1 ); type II (seminomas and nonseminomas); type III ( @entity2969 ). Here the focus is on the type II GCTs, the most frequent type in the adult testis (so-called TGCTs). They can also be diagnosed in dysgenetic gonads (an incomplete or defective formation of the gonad, caused by a disturbed process of migration of the germ cells and/or their correct organization in their fetal gonadal ridge), the anterior mediastinum, and pineal/suprasellar region. In the testis, they originate from the malignant counterpart of primordial germ cells/gonocytes, referred to as @entity2735 ( @entity2735 )/intratubular germ-cell neoplasia unclassified (ITGCNU). @entity2735 /ITGCNU and seminomatous cells are characterized by expression of @entity4729 and @entity2440 , while in addition @entity189 expresses @entity4731 , all identified as transcription factors related to pluripotency in @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) cells. With the exception of @entity44 , most histological elements of TGCTs are sensitive for ( @entity900 -based) chemotherapy; @entity2735 /ITGCNU and @entity4797 cells are also sensitive to DNA damage induced by irradiation. Similar observations have been made for @entity2085 cells and their derivates. Moreover, the genetic constitution of TGCTs (low incidence of mutations and frequent @entity8882 ) can also be linked to characteristics of @entity2085 cells, likely related to their specific inability to repair DNA damage and their high sensitivity to apoptotic cell death. The unusual presence of wild-type @entity876 in TGCTs is explained by specific expression of a cluster of micro-RNAs (miRNAs), that is, hsa-miR 371-373, also expressed in @entity2085 cells, which prevents @entity876 -driven cellular senescence upon oncogenic stress. Many characteristics of @entity1 TGCTs reflect the nonmalignant counterparts from which they originate. Demonstration of these characteristics, in combination with the knowledge of the abnormal niche of these cells, normally occupied by spermatogonia, allows an informative method for (early) diagnosis. The conclusion is that TGCTs are @entity5 found in adults.

title: Chromosomes and expression in XXXX testicular germ-cell @entity5 : insight into their cell of origin and pathogenesis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The current quality of @entity792 treatments is not satisfactory in regard to efficacy and safety. Antigen-specific immunotherapy is a future therapy that could achieve maximal efficacy with minimal adverse effects. T cells are essential components in antigen-specific immunity. However, we do not have a sufficient strategy for manipulating antigen-specific T cells. We propose that T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer is a hopeful approach for antigen-specific immunotherapy. We confirmed the efficacy of TCR gene therapy in animal models of @entity792 and @entity625 . In lupus-prone NZB/W F1 @entity19 , nucleosome-specific TCR and @entity17796 Ig transduced cells suppressed autoantibody production and @entity1310 development. In the therapeutic experiment of @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ), @entity625 -related TCRs were isolated from single T cells accumulating in the @entity625 site. @entity625 -related TCR and TNFRIg transduced cells or TCR and @entity3744 transduced cells suppressed @entity625 progression and @entity79 . Therefore, engineered antigen-specific cells manipulated to express appropriate functional genes could be applied to specific immunotherapy.

title: T cell receptor gene therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'systemic autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: @entity6241 ( @entity6241 ) is a pleiotropic cytokine whose function is only now being unraveled. Abundant evidence indicates that activated @entity1961 T cells are the primary, if not the only, source of @entity6241 . While it is clear that @entity6241 is actively transcribed by na  ve activated T cells, recent studies have shown that @entity6241 potentially promotes a developmental shift of na  ve T cells toward the Th2 phenotype. BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 develop an @entity792 similar to @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), affecting males earlier than females on account of the presence of the @entity27931 ( @entity27931 ) locus. Previous results indicate the elevation of @entity6241 expression by BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 at an age when the early characteristics of autoimmune processes first become evident. We set out to determine whether @entity6241 was necessary for disease progression in BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 . @entity19 were treated for 24 weeks with soluble IL-21R-Fc in order to therapeutically neutralize the @entity6241 present. The results overall suggest a biphasic effect of @entity6241 , negatively influencing survival early on and positively influencing survival at later stages. We propose that @entity6241 exerts a pleiotropic effect in which it promotes the protective effects of CD8+ suppressor cells in the early disease phase and then promotes the humoral components of @entity1252 in the later disease stages. This experiment provides preliminary evidence for a role of @entity6241 in modulating the severity of @entity1252 in BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 .

title: Treatment of BXSB- XXXX @entity19 with IL-21R-Fc fusion protein minimally attenuates @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity27931 :: ('107944(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Y-linked autoimmune acceleration', 'Yaa']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune syndrome']

answer: @entity27931 :: (107944(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Yaa']


abstract: @entity6241 ( @entity6241 ) is a pleiotropic cytokine whose function is only now being unraveled. Abundant evidence indicates that activated @entity1961 T cells are the primary, if not the only, source of @entity6241 . While it is clear that @entity6241 is actively transcribed by na  ve activated T cells, recent studies have shown that @entity6241 potentially promotes a developmental shift of na  ve T cells toward the Th2 phenotype. BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 develop an @entity792 similar to @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), affecting males earlier than females on account of the presence of the @entity27931 ( @entity27931 ) locus. Previous results indicate the elevation of @entity6241 expression by BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 at an age when the early characteristics of autoimmune processes first become evident. We set out to determine whether @entity6241 was necessary for disease progression in BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 . @entity19 were treated for 24 weeks with soluble IL-21R-Fc in order to therapeutically neutralize the @entity6241 present. The results overall suggest a biphasic effect of @entity6241 , negatively influencing survival early on and positively influencing survival at later stages. We propose that @entity6241 exerts a pleiotropic effect in which it promotes the protective effects of CD8+ suppressor cells in the early disease phase and then promotes the humoral components of @entity1252 in the later disease stages. This experiment provides preliminary evidence for a role of @entity6241 in modulating the severity of @entity1252 in BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 .

title: Treatment of BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 with IL-21R-Fc fusion protein minimally attenuates XXXX .

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity6241 ( @entity6241 ) is a pleiotropic cytokine whose function is only now being unraveled. Abundant evidence indicates that activated @entity1961 T cells are the primary, if not the only, source of @entity6241 . While it is clear that @entity6241 is actively transcribed by na  ve activated T cells, recent studies have shown that @entity6241 potentially promotes a developmental shift of na  ve T cells toward the Th2 phenotype. BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 develop an @entity792 similar to @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), affecting males earlier than females on account of the presence of the @entity27931 ( @entity27931 ) locus. Previous results indicate the elevation of @entity6241 expression by BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 at an age when the early characteristics of autoimmune processes first become evident. We set out to determine whether @entity6241 was necessary for disease progression in BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 . @entity19 were treated for 24 weeks with soluble IL-21R-Fc in order to therapeutically neutralize the @entity6241 present. The results overall suggest a biphasic effect of @entity6241 , negatively influencing survival early on and positively influencing survival at later stages. We propose that @entity6241 exerts a pleiotropic effect in which it promotes the protective effects of CD8+ suppressor cells in the early disease phase and then promotes the humoral components of @entity1252 in the later disease stages. This experiment provides preliminary evidence for a role of @entity6241 in modulating the severity of @entity1252 in BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 .

title: Treatment of BXSB- @entity27931 XXXX with IL-21R-Fc fusion protein minimally attenuates @entity1252 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: CONTEXT: Previous studies of sex differences in the use of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) predate recent expansions in Medicare coverage and did not provide @entity1 follow-up over multiple years. OBJECTIVE: To examine sex differences in ICD use for primary and secondary prevention of @entity1164 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Analysis of a 5% national sample of research-identifiable files obtained from the US Centers for Medicare _ Medicaid Services for the period 1991 through 2005. @entity1 were those aged 65 years or older with Medicare fee-for-service coverage and diagnosed with @entity583 and either @entity712 or @entity296 but no prior @entity1167 or @entity1165 (ie, the primary prevention cohort [n = 65,917 @entity1 and 70,504 @entity1 ]), or with @entity1167 or @entity1165 (ie, the secondary prevention cohort [n = 52,252 @entity1 and 47,411 @entity1 ]), from 1999 through 2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Receipt of ICD therapy and all-cause mortality at 1 year. RESULTS: In the 2005 primary prevention cohort, 32.3 per 1000 @entity1 and 8.6 per 1000 @entity1 received ICD therapy within 1 year of cohort entry. In multivariate analyses, @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to receive ICD therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 3.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.86-3.47). Among @entity1 and @entity1 alive at 180 days after cohort entry, the hazard of mortality in the subsequent year was not significantly lower among those who received ICD therapy (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.82-1.23). In the 2005 secondary prevention cohort, 102.2 per 1000 @entity1 and 38.4 per 1000 @entity1 received ICD therapy. Controlling for demographic variables and comorbid conditions, @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to receive ICD therapy (HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 2.30-2.59). Among @entity1 and @entity1 alive at 30 days after cohort entry, the hazard of mortality in the subsequent year was significantly lower among those who received ICD therapy (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.60-0.71). CONCLUSION: In the Medicare population, @entity1 are significantly less likely than @entity1 to receive ICD therapy for primary or secondary prevention of @entity1164 .

title: Sex differences in the use of @entity737 for primary and secondary prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: CONTEXT: Previous studies of sex differences in the use of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) predate recent expansions in Medicare coverage and did not provide @entity1 follow-up over multiple years. OBJECTIVE: To examine sex differences in ICD use for primary and secondary prevention of @entity1164 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Analysis of a 5% national sample of research-identifiable files obtained from the US Centers for Medicare _ Medicaid Services for the period 1991 through 2005. @entity1 were those aged 65 years or older with Medicare fee-for-service coverage and diagnosed with @entity583 and either @entity712 or @entity296 but no prior @entity1167 or @entity1165 (ie, the primary prevention cohort [n = 65,917 @entity1 and 70,504 @entity1 ]), or with @entity1167 or @entity1165 (ie, the secondary prevention cohort [n = 52,252 @entity1 and 47,411 @entity1 ]), from 1999 through 2005. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Receipt of ICD therapy and all-cause mortality at 1 year. RESULTS: In the 2005 primary prevention cohort, 32.3 per 1000 @entity1 and 8.6 per 1000 @entity1 received ICD therapy within 1 year of cohort entry. In multivariate analyses, @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to receive ICD therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 3.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.86-3.47). Among @entity1 and @entity1 alive at 180 days after cohort entry, the hazard of mortality in the subsequent year was not significantly lower among those who received ICD therapy (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.82-1.23). In the 2005 secondary prevention cohort, 102.2 per 1000 @entity1 and 38.4 per 1000 @entity1 received ICD therapy. Controlling for demographic variables and comorbid conditions, @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to receive ICD therapy (HR, 2.44; 95% CI, 2.30-2.59). Among @entity1 and @entity1 alive at 30 days after cohort entry, the hazard of mortality in the subsequent year was significantly lower among those who received ICD therapy (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.60-0.71). CONCLUSION: In the Medicare population, @entity1 are significantly less likely than @entity1 to receive ICD therapy for primary or secondary prevention of @entity1164 .

title: Sex differences in the use of XXXX for primary and secondary prevention of @entity1164 .

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators']


abstract: @entity2633 is a common overuse syndrome of the extensor tendons of the forearm. It is sometimes called tennis elbow, although it can occur with many activities. The condition affects @entity1 and @entity1 equally and is more common in @entity1 40 years or older. Despite the prevalence of @entity2633 and the numerous treatment strategies available, relatively few high-quality clinical trials support many of these treatment options; watchful waiting is a reasonable option. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroid injections, ultrasonography, and iontophoresis with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appear to provide short-term benefits. Use of an inelastic, nonarticular, proximal forearm @entity10874 (tennis elbow brace) may improve function during daily activities. Progressive resistance exercises may confer modest intermediate-term results. Evidence is mixed on oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, mobilization, and acupuncture. @entity1 with refractory symptoms may benefit from surgical intervention. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy, laser treatment, and electromagnetic field therapy do not appear to be effective.

title: Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis', 'Lateral epicondylitis']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mosquito @entity566 is well established, but mosquito immunotherapy requires validation using clinical and immunologic variables. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of specific immunotherapy with @entity2957 (mosquito) extract. METHODS: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of immunotherapy for 1 year in 40 @entity1 with @entity565 , @entity2490 , or both. @entity1 were evaluated by means of intradermal testing, symptom and drug scores, and @entity112 provocation testing before and after 1 year of immunotherapy. Mosquito specific IgE and IgG subclass antibody responses were evaluated at the basal level and after 1 year. RESULTS: @entity1 receiving allergen immunotherapy for 1 year showed a significant improvement compared with baseline and @entity1 receiving placebo regarding skin reactions, symptom scores ( @entity2490 and @entity565 ), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Provocation concentration of @entity112 that caused a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 20% by inhalation was elevated in the group receiving immunotherapy. In the active group serologic analysis showed a slight reduction in IgE levels (P = .02) but a significant elevation in IgG4 levels (P = .001), with a significant decrease in the IgE/IgG4 ratio (P = .001). All these changes in the placebo group were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: Allergen immunotherapy with mosquito extract was well tolerated, with improvement in symptoms and airway reactivity. Good clinical outcome was associated with increased IgG4 antibody levels.

title: Immunotherapy with mosquito ( XXXX ) extract: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity2957 :: (7176,Species) :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective study was to compare the outcomes of @entity3330 treated by the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in multiply injured and isolated @entity174 cases. METHODS: This study comprised 26 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ), who had 27 @entity3330 . @entity1 were divided into two groups; @entity1230 (group I) or isolated @entity3330 (group II). The average Injury Severity Score of group I was 26.7. Operations were performed according to biological fixation principles in a submuscular manner. No bone grafting was performed to enhance the healing. The cases were evaluated based on the criteria of Schatzker-Lambert and the modified Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scoring system. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 25.8 months. Union was achieved in all cases. Two @entity1 in group I required d  bridement procedures due to @entity281 . One of them healed completely but the other did not. The average range of knee motion of groups I and II at the last control were 112.8 degrees and 121.8 degrees , respectively. The mean modified HSS scores were 73.9 and 79.9, respectively. There was no significant difference in the HSS scores or the range of knee motion. The time to full weight bearing was longer in group I owing to the concomitant injuries. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that @entity3 is a useful method for comminuted supracondylar fractures with @entity1230 @entity1 as the results showed no significant differences when compared with those of @entity1 with isolated @entity3330 .

title: Successful results of minimally invasive surgery for comminuted supracondylar XXXX with @entity3 : comparative study of multiply injured and isolated @entity3330 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma', 'multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['LISS', 'Less Invasive Stabilization System']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['distal femoral fracture', 'femoral fractures', 'distal femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['femoral fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective study was to compare the outcomes of @entity3330 treated by the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in multiply injured and isolated @entity174 cases. METHODS: This study comprised 26 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ), who had 27 @entity3330 . @entity1 were divided into two groups; @entity1230 (group I) or isolated @entity3330 (group II). The average Injury Severity Score of group I was 26.7. Operations were performed according to biological fixation principles in a submuscular manner. No bone grafting was performed to enhance the healing. The cases were evaluated based on the criteria of Schatzker-Lambert and the modified Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scoring system. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 25.8 months. Union was achieved in all cases. Two @entity1 in group I required d  bridement procedures due to @entity281 . One of them healed completely but the other did not. The average range of knee motion of groups I and II at the last control were 112.8 degrees and 121.8 degrees , respectively. The mean modified HSS scores were 73.9 and 79.9, respectively. There was no significant difference in the HSS scores or the range of knee motion. The time to full weight bearing was longer in group I owing to the concomitant injuries. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that @entity3 is a useful method for comminuted supracondylar fractures with @entity1230 @entity1 as the results showed no significant differences when compared with those of @entity1 with isolated @entity3330 .

title: Successful results of minimally invasive surgery for comminuted supracondylar @entity3330 with @entity3 : comparative study of multiply injured and isolated XXXX .

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['femoral fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective study was to compare the outcomes of @entity3330 treated by the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in multiply injured and isolated @entity174 cases. METHODS: This study comprised 26 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ), who had 27 @entity3330 . @entity1 were divided into two groups; @entity1230 (group I) or isolated @entity3330 (group II). The average Injury Severity Score of group I was 26.7. Operations were performed according to biological fixation principles in a submuscular manner. No bone grafting was performed to enhance the healing. The cases were evaluated based on the criteria of Schatzker-Lambert and the modified Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scoring system. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 25.8 months. Union was achieved in all cases. Two @entity1 in group I required d  bridement procedures due to @entity281 . One of them healed completely but the other did not. The average range of knee motion of groups I and II at the last control were 112.8 degrees and 121.8 degrees , respectively. The mean modified HSS scores were 73.9 and 79.9, respectively. There was no significant difference in the HSS scores or the range of knee motion. The time to full weight bearing was longer in group I owing to the concomitant injuries. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that @entity3 is a useful method for comminuted supracondylar fractures with @entity1230 @entity1 as the results showed no significant differences when compared with those of @entity1 with isolated @entity3330 .

title: Successful results of minimally invasive surgery for comminuted supracondylar @entity3330 with XXXX : comparative study of multiply injured and isolated @entity3330 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['LISS']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively determine the diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for discrimination of malignant neck nodes due to @entity957 (SCC), and undifferentiated @entity189 ( @entity189 ), with histologic findings and imaging criteria as reference standards. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. @entity1 with malignant lymphadenopathy underwent 1.5-T diffusion-weighted MR imaging. A region of interest was drawn around the malignant node on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps; ADC values were compared (Kruskal-Wallis test). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was employed to investigate whether ADC values could aid in discrimination among @entity5 . RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 (34 @entity1 , nine @entity1 ; mean age, 54 years) with 43 nodes underwent imaging. Mean ADC values for @entity706 (n = 8), @entity189 (n = 17), and SCC (n = 18) were (0.664 +/- 0.071 [standard deviation]) x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec, (0.802 +/- 0.128) x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec, and (1.057 +/- 0.169) x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec, respectively, with significant differences between SCC and @entity706 or @entity189 (P < .001) and between @entity189 and @entity706 (P = .04). To optimize sensitivity and specificity with equal weighting, ADC threshold values for distinguishing between SCC and @entity189 , between SCC and @entity706 , and between @entity189 and @entity706 were 0.894 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec, 0.824 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec, and 0.694 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec, respectively. To produce a 100% specificity while sensitivity is maximized, the following ADC threshold values were obtained for prediction of differentiation between @entity5 : (a) SCC versus @entity706 , greater than 0.824 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (sensitivity, 94%), and @entity706 versus SCC, less than 0.767 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (sensitivity 88%); (b) @entity189 versus SCC, less than 0.764 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (sensitivity, 47%), and SCC versus @entity189 , greater than 1.093 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (sensitivity, 39%); (c) @entity189 versus @entity706 , greater than 0.788 x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec (sensitivity, 53%), and @entity189 , no suitable threshold value. CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging shows significant differences among malignant nodes of SCC, @entity706 , and @entity189 . ADC threshold values can help distinguish SCC from @entity706 . SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/2451061804/DC1.

title: XXXX : diagnostic accuracy of diffusion-weighted MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'lymphoma versus NPC', 'NPC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant cervical lymphadenopathy']


abstract: The concentrations of endogenous hormones differ between @entity1 with twin and singleton births, with a possible influence on the risk of @entity5 . We used the nationwide Swedish Family- @entity5 Database, including 30,409 @entity1 with a twin birth, to examine the subsequent risks of @entity5344 . Relative risks (RRs) were calculated in a log-linear Poisson regression model of @entity1 -years as offset. @entity5 data were retrieved from the Swedish @entity5 Registry; a total of 1010, 210, and 174 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5344 respectively, after a twin birth. A significant decrease in the risk of @entity0 was noted among @entity1 with a twin birth compared with @entity1 with a singleton birth (RR 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-0.98). The protective effects were observed throughout the intervals after last pregnancy and they were strongest shortly after the last pregnancy in @entity1 who delivered a twin birth before 30 years of age. Twin birth did not change the risk of @entity1204 (1.08, 95% CI 0.79-1.47) but the RR was increased for @entity1 with the number of pregnancies > or =4 (1.39, 95% CI 1.11-1.76). The RR for @entity43 was 0.95 (95% CI 0.79-1.15). Our study showed that twin births significantly reduced the subsequent risk of @entity0 . However, the associations of twin births with @entity43 were not substantial.

title: Risks of XXXX after twin births.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial and ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the application of a translated version of an established self-administered questionnaire for @entity923 on Chinese @entity1 in Hong Kong. DESIGN: Evaluation of an instrument tool. SETTING: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong; Holistic Medical Centre, Aberdeen, Hong Kong. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity923 , translators. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The adaptation was based on forward-backward translation from English to Chinese (Hong Kong) and vice versa. Meetings with translators, investigators, and @entity1 were organised to generate an acceptable version of the questionnaire. A pilot study was carried out on 20 @entity1 and subsequently minor adjustments were added. Fifty @entity1 were recruited to validate the reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire. RESULTS: The ordinality of response agreed with the original instrument. Test-retest reproducibility showed no significant difference between tests. The Pearson correlation coefficient ranged from 0.83 to 0.93. Internal consistency was good, at 0.85. CONCLUSION: Through the validation of the Hong Kong Chinese version of the questionnaire, we are able to produce an assessment tool for the local @entity1 . Furthermore, we are able to create a platform for: (i) a cross-national and cross-cultural epidemiological comparison as well as a means of (ii) evaluating different types of treatments.

title: Evaluation of a Hong Kong Chinese version of a self-administered questionnaire for assessing symptom severity and functional status of XXXX : cross-cultural adaptation and reliability.

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: Hybridoma technology was used to raise monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against wild-type amidase from @entity796 . Hybridoma clones secreting polyol-responsive MAbs (PR-MAbs) were screened that bind antigen tightly. but release under mild- and non-denaturing elution conditions, which can be used as ligands in immunoaffinity chromatography. Two of these hybridoma clones (C9E4 and B1E4) secreting MAbs against wild-type amidase were selected in order to check if they are PR-MAbs by using ELISA-elution assay. These hybridoma cell lines secreted MAbs of IgG class which were purified in a single step by Protein A-Sepharose CL-4B chromatography, which revealed two protein bands on SDS-PAGE. Specificity studies of MAb C9E4 revealed that it recognized a common epitope on wild-type and mutant @entity36575 amidases as determined by direct ELISA, as well as by Western blotting under native conditions. This MAb exhibited a higher-affinity constant (K) for the mutant @entity36575 amidase than for the wild-type enzyme. However, this MAb did not recognize either wild-type or mutant @entity36575 enzymes under denaturing conditions suggesting that it binds to a conformation-sensitive epitope on amidase molecule. On the other hand, it also does not recognize either native or denatured forms of mutant @entity70756 amidase suggesting that this substitution disrupted the conformational epitope present on amidase molecule. Furthermore, MAb C9E4 inhibited about 80% of wild-type amidase activity, whereas it activated about 80% of mutant amidase ( @entity36575 ) activity. However, this MAb did not affect mutant @entity70756 amidase activity which is in agreement with other results presented in this work. The data presented in this work suggest that this MAb acts as a powerful probe to detect conformational changes in native and denatured amidases as well as to differentiate wild-type and mutant ( @entity36575 and @entity70756 ) amidases.

title: Monoclonal antibodies recognize conformational epitopes on wild-type and recombinant mutant amidases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is one of the major health problems in @entity3595 Lanka and the disease is associated with the habit of Betel Quid (BQ) chewing. Using 35k oligo microarrays, we analyzed the gene expression profile of 15 @entity3595 Lankan @entity1 diagnosed with OSCCs and pair-wised normal controls and correlated the findings with the clinicopathological data. Following the recording of the scanned array images and data analysis, results for selected candidate genes were verified using QRT-PCR. Upon analysis, a total of 263 genes [71 (27%) of unknown functions previously not reported in OSCCs and 192 (73%) of known functions] were found as differentially expressed between @entity5 and controls. For the genes with known functions, 66 (34%; such as @entity5938 , @entity3334 , @entity1549 , @entity2290 , @entity9618 and @entity4166 ) were previously reported in @entity957 and for the remaining 126 (66%; such as @entity28223 , @entity70757 , @entity70758 , @entity70759 and @entity39648 ) this is the first report in OSCCs. Hierarchical clustering of the differentially expressed 263 genes grouped the samples into several clusters with the larger one being dominated by @entity5 of stage 3 and 4. Two cases (a verrucous SCC and an advanced SCC), did not cluster with any of the other samples. We found two main biological pathways (cell communication and integrin-mediated cell adhesion) and 5 gene ontology categories (transcription regulator activity, structural molecule activity, intracellular signaling, cytoskeleton and signal transduction) of relevance to the OSCCs examined. Results from the QRT-PCR verified the results from the microarray experiment. This study provides valuable information on gene expression profile of OSCCs of habitual users of BQ from @entity3595 Lanka. Of particular interest were the list of genes of known and unknown functions and the two biological pathways that we suggest as candidate genes in @entity5 associated with BQ chewing in Southeast Asia, in particular @entity3595 Lanka. The suggested candidate genes might be used as molecular biomarkers in the early detection of the alarming problem of OSCCs in Southeast Asia in association with BQ use. These findings provide valuable information that might help in the selection of possible biomarkers that can be used in early detection of the alarming problem of @entity5 in Southeast Asia.

title: Gene expression profile of XXXX from @entity3595 Lankan betel quid users.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancers', 'oral cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'Oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas']