abstract: BACKGROUND: Dengue is the most prevalent @entity66 transmitted by @entity4224 worldwide, whose chemical control is difficult, expensive, and of inconsistent efficacy. Releases of @entity20703 -exposed Ae. aegypti males to disseminate conidia among female mosquitoes by mating represents a promising biological control approach against this important vector. A better understanding of fungus virulence and impact on reproductive parameters of Ae. aegypti, is need before testing auto-dissemination strategies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Mortality, mating competitiveness, sperm production, and the capacity to auto-disseminate the fungus to females up to the 5thcopulation, were compared between @entity4224 males exposed to 5.96 x 107 conidia per cm2 of @entity20703 and uninfected males. Half (50%) of fungus-exposed males (FEMs) died within the first 4 days @entity926 ( @entity926 ). FEMs required 34% more time to successively copulate with 5 females (165    3 minutes) than uninfected males (109    3 minutes). Additionally, @entity364 reduced the sperm production by 87% at 5 days @entity926 . Some beneficial impacts were observed, FEMs were able to successfully compete with uninfected males in cages, inseminating an equivalent number of females (about 25%). Under semi-field conditions, the ability of FEMs to search for and inseminate females was also equivalent to uninfected males (both inseminating about 40% females); but for the remaining females that were not inseminated, evidence of tarsal contact (transfer of fluorescent dust) was significantly greater in FEMs compared to controls. The estimated conidia load of a female exposed on the 5th copulation was 5,200 mL-1 which was sufficient to cause mortality. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study is the first to demonstrate auto-dissemination of @entity20703 through transfer of fungus from males to female Ae. aegypti during mating under semi-field conditions. Our results suggest that auto-dissemination studies using releases of FEMs inside households could successfully infect wild Ae. aegypti females, providing another viable biological control tool for this important the dengue vector.

title: Copulation Activity, Sperm Production and Conidia Transfer in @entity4224 Males Contaminated by XXXX : A Biological Control Prospect.

answer: @entity20703 :: (5530,Species) :: ['Metarhizium anisopliae']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity978 and evidence of bone marrow involvement (BM +) were compared with 25 other Hodgkin @entity1 , chosen at random, who had visceral lesions but free bone marrow (BM -). Both groups were observed throughout the same period. The first evaluation showed that bone marrow involvement was more frequent in male @entity1 and that it produced @entity3308 with WBC and platelet counts lower than in BM - @entity1 . However, bone marrow involvement can only be ascertained by medullar biopsy. BM + @entity1 were treated with multiple chemotherapy (mostly MOPP). Positive response was obtained in 64% and complete remission in 50%, as compared with 70% and 50% respectively in BM - @entity1 . There was no significant difference in overall survival rate between the two groups. It remained in plateau at 50.5% after two years in BM + @entity1 and at 63% after 27 months in BM - @entity1 . When complete remission was obtained the survival rate after one year was 90% for BM + @entity1 and 100% for BM - @entity1 . In the absence of complete remission, however, the median survival time was inferior to one year in both groups. The dosage levels and side-effects of chemotherapeutic agents were similar in both groups, but @entity1503 was more pronounced in BM + @entity1 .

title: [Initial bone marrow involvement in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['medullary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The authors present a technique for the persistent external drainage of intractable subdiaphragmatic cystic recurrences with the creation of a @entity292 between the cyst wall epithelium and epithelium on the nasal cavity, using a pedicled nasoseptal flap as a conduit. The long-term efficacy of endoscopic transnasal external fistulation (ETEF) in controlling cystic recurrences in this @entity1 group is addressed through a retrospective observational review of 3 male @entity1 aged 8, 22, and 45 years with the diagnosis of recurrent @entity976 who underwent the ETEF procedure between 2006 and 2009. Clinical presentation, neuroimaging, surgical interventions, and follow-up were recorded. The main outcome measure was cyst reaccumulation on MRI. @entity1 had a mean follow-up of 76 months (range 5-8 years) with no incidence of cystic recurrence. Follow-up imaging revealed sustained cyst involution contrary to the usual recurrent enlargement commonly seen in this @entity1 group. Symptoms of @entity10 and @entity227 improved post-ETEF. Long-term theoretical complications of a persistent @entity292 such as @entity932 , @entity693 , or CSF leak were not observed. ETEF promotes nasalization of cystic recurrences in @entity976 . It is safe and effective, causing long-term involution of cysts and can be considered a definitive procedure.

title: Endoscopic transnasal external fistulation in recurrent XXXX : a novel technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial abscess']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['subdiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma', 'cystic subdiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['cystic subdiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma']


abstract: @entity850 after liver transplantations are a source of significant morbidity, often necessitating retransplantation. The purpose of this study was twofold: first to identify features associated with the development of this lesion; second, to make technical modifications that will decrease the incidence of this problem. In the first part of this study, 15 of 131 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity253 . A stepwise logistic-regression analysis associated donor cold ischemic time and @entity935 dose with the development of @entity253 . All these @entity1 had arterial reconstruction after partial revascularization of the liver with portal venous blood. Because the bile duct receives its blood supply from only the hepatic artery, we hypothesized that the prolonged period of warm @entity63 from staged reconstruction of the vascular supply would promote the development of this lesion. In a second part of this study, the stricture rate in 45 @entity1 with simultaneous revascularization using both the hepatic artery and portal vein was compared with that in 83 @entity1 from the first part of this study initially revascularized with portal venous blood. All @entity1 in the second study had grafts preserved using UW solution. Only 1 @entity1 with simultaneous revascularization developed a @entity253 . Because we were unable to identify any significant complications related to this method of revascularization, we propose that the hepatic artery and portal vein should be released simultaneously, especially in @entity1 receiving a graft with prolonged storage time.

title: A simple modification in operative technique can reduce the incidence of XXXX after orthotopic liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['nonanastomotic biliary strictures', 'nonanastomotic biliary stricture']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Nonanastomotic strictures']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['nonanastomotic biliary strictures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatolithiasis with @entity9744 , more common in Southeast Asia than elsewhere, remains a difficult problem to manage. Hepatic resection has recently been advocated as one of the treatment modalities for hepatolithiasis; however, this procedure is not without risk. This study was designed to achieve complete clearance of the stones, eliminate @entity1157 , and avoid the potential risks of hepatic resection in the @entity1 with hepatolithiasis and @entity9744 . METHODS: In this prospective clinical trial 13 @entity1 with retained left hepatolithiasis and @entity9744 were included. All the @entity1 met the following criteria: (1) initial surgical procedure for hepatolithiasis, (2) normal gross findings of the left liver, and (3) no obvious clinical evidence of an associated @entity1419 . After the operation they underwent matured T-tube tract ductal dilatation with percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy tube stenting. Choledochoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy was used in five @entity1 after dilatation when impacted or large stones were encountered. RESULTS: Complete clearance of the stones was achieved in these 13 @entity1 . One @entity1 had fevers develop after ductal dilatation, and another @entity1 had mild @entity7252 after electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Both recovered uneventfully with conservative treatment. These successfully treated @entity1 remain well, with a mean follow-up period of 20 months. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative matured T-tube tract ductal dilatation and stenting, combined with endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy when indicated, is an effective and safe alternative to hepatic resection for selected left hepatolithiasis with @entity9744 .

title: Ductal dilatation and stenting make routine hepatectomy unnecessary for left hepatolithiasis with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile stasis']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic biliary stricture', 'intrahepatic biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia']

answer: @entity9744 :: (MESH:D002780,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic biliary stricture']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 with @entity320 received combined chemo-/immunotherapy with @entity2699 and BCG after operation. Before therapy and 6-10 weeks after the liver was examined by clinical, laboratory and scintigraphic means. We wanted to find out the side effects of the therapy on liver and the use of the gated scintigraphy to diagnose liver parenchymal changes. Each of the @entity1 had normal laboratory results as well as a normal scintigraphy before therapy. After chemotherapy 19 @entity1 had a pathological liver scintigram. Also specific liver enzymes were elevated. While 12 @entity1 showed a diffuse, inhomogeneous liver pattern with scintigraphy, 5 @entity1 had an additional diffuse liver increase on top. Four @entity1 also showed signs of @entity9744 . In 11 @entity1 the result was unsignificant. @entity99 of @entity2699 , liver scintigraphy is able to detect a liver reaction at a point where laboratory and clinical signs don't give a significant information.

title: [Scintigraphy of liver after combined chemo-/immunotherapy with XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['Dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Related to the liver toxicity']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: Early and adequate shock treatment combined with improved systemic and local therapy practically eliminated primary death of @entity1 with severe burns. In contrast the late mortality, i.e. the fatal outcome during the " @entity66 " has not been significantly improved during the last decade. A burn toxin has been discussed as reason of this @entity66 . Such a toxic factor has been isolated from burnt @entity19 and @entity1 skin and from the serum of burnt @entity1 as well. Electron microscopic studies in @entity35 revealed similar and comparable mitochondrial alterations of hepatocytes after either a sublethal controlled burn injury or an i.p. application of an equivalent dose of this cutaneous burn toxin. These alterations were dose-dependent. Studies of the liver metabolism of these @entity35 (i.e. gluconeogenesis, @entity1133 synthesis and energy metabolism) suggested an inhibited oxidative phosphorylation. Incubation of enzymatically isolated hepatocytes with toxin demonstrated a direct cytotoxic effect of the burn toxin by scanning electron microscopy. Glycogen synthesis and @entity1133 synthesis were significantly reduced, hormonal sensibility was partially abolished. These results suggest a disturbance of the cellular energy metabolism via a cell membrane damage. This could be the reason of the decreased host defence of @entity4808 @entity1 which causes the fatal outcome in severe burns. Therefore, elimination of burn toxin should be an important point in burn treatment.

title: [Disturbed cellular energy metabolism in burns. Studies of XXXX liver].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burn disease']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is one @entity1 @entity5 to which the immune response may control the growth of @entity5 cells. These @entity5 are infiltrated by a large mononuclear infiltrate mainly composed of T lymphocytes. To characterize the lymphocytes infiltrating @entity1358 , we analyzed the molecular structure of the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains in @entity5 and paired peripheral blood lymphocytes from a series of 6 untreated @entity1 . We first determined V alpha and V beta gene segment usage by PCR using a panel of V specific oligonucleotide primers (V alpha 1-w29 and V beta 1-w24). A highly diverse usage of TCR V alpha and V beta gene usage was observed in 5 of 6 @entity5 . In addition, the few @entity5 overexpressed V beta specificities detected by reverse transcription-PCR were shown to contain minor T cell expansions. Strikingly, 1 of the 6 @entity5 studied displayed a skewed TCR repertoire with V beta 4 transcript representing 25% of the TCR signals. @entity5 overexpressed V beta transcripts was analyzed by @entity2612 size distribution analysis. In the particular @entity5 displaying a biased repertoire large expansions of T cell subpopulations were detected (particularly in V beta 4) specifically at the @entity5 site. Such T cells may be expanded locally in response to @entity5 antigens.

title: In vivo local expansion of clonal T cell subpopulations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Clonality of the tumor', 'tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: 1. Analytical subcellular fractionation in combination with enzymic microanalysis has been used to investigate the hepatic organelle pathology of @entity2835 . Activities of plasma membrane and lysosomal enzymes in hepatic needle biopsies were increased, but marker enzymes for other organelles were normal. 2. Seven @entity1 were treated with a low dose of @entity2361 , 250 mg daily, over a 3--6 month period. The initially raised serum alkaline phosphatase and IgM levels were significantly reduced. In four @entity1 with markedly elevated hepatic @entity920 there was a small decrease, but urinary @entity920 excretion was unaltered. Hepatic organelle pathology was significantly improved. 3. No serious side-effects were noted and it is suggested that a controlled trial of low-dose @entity2361 therapy is indicated in @entity1 with @entity2835 .

title: Hepatic organelle pathology in @entity2835 and the response to low-dose XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine', 'penicillamine']

answer: @entity2361 :: (MESH:D010396,Chemical) :: ['D-penicillamine']


abstract: 1. Analytical subcellular fractionation in combination with enzymic microanalysis has been used to investigate the hepatic organelle pathology of @entity2835 . Activities of plasma membrane and lysosomal enzymes in hepatic needle biopsies were increased, but marker enzymes for other organelles were normal. 2. Seven @entity1 were treated with a low dose of @entity2361 , 250 mg daily, over a 3--6 month period. The initially raised serum alkaline phosphatase and IgM levels were significantly reduced. In four @entity1 with markedly elevated hepatic @entity920 there was a small decrease, but urinary @entity920 excretion was unaltered. Hepatic organelle pathology was significantly improved. 3. No serious side-effects were noted and it is suggested that a controlled trial of low-dose @entity2361 therapy is indicated in @entity1 with @entity2835 .

title: Hepatic organelle pathology in XXXX and the response to low-dose @entity2361 therapy.

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: Advanced @entity1204 represents 14% of all stages but 54% of all @entity204 attributed to @entity1204 . From 1973 to 1990, the charts of 137 @entity1 with @entity1204 (Stage III and IV) treated by the section of Gynecologic Oncology at Rush Medical College were retrospectively reviewed. The log rank method was used for univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression was used for multivariate analysis. The @entity1 were stratified as follows: Stage III, 92 (67.2%), Stage IV, 45 (32.8%); Grade 1, 15 (10.9%), Grade 2, 47 (34.3%), Grade 3, 67 (48.9%); @entity420 , 93 (67.9%), adenosquamous, 18 (13.1%), adenoacanthoma, 2 (1.5%), clear cell, 1 (0.7%), papillary serous, 23 (16.8%). Using univariate analysis, median survival was 1.71 years for Stage III versus 0.68 years for Stage IV. Median survival based on treatment was as follows: radiotherapy (RT) only (n = 16), 0.89 years, surgery only (n = 36), 0.75 years, preoperative RT+surgery (n = 7), 2.5 years, surgery+postoperative RT (n = 56), 2.63 years, and other treatments (hormonal only n = 12, chemotherapy only n = 1, and no treatment n = 9), 0.6 years. @entity1 with vaginal extension survived a median of 0.82 years, versus 2.49 years without this factor (P = 0.002). @entity1 with clinically apparent parametrial involvement survived a median of 0.70 years versus 2.65 years without this factor (P = 0.0003). Multivariate analysis was possible via a surgical database (n = 99). Age > 60 (P = 0.01), parametrial involvement (P = 0.04), and abdominal metastases (P = 0.003) were significant prognostic indicators. Papillary or clear cell histology, advanced grade, and mode of treatment were not significant. @entity1 with abdominal metastases or parametrial extension of @entity5 have a significant decrease in mean survival.

title: Prognostic indicators of survival in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: The @entity6023 , a new class of anticancer agents, act by promoting the assembly of microtubules and stabilizing formed tubules. Two @entity6023 , @entity1311 and @entity1205 , have clinical activity in epithelial @entity43 , including @entity5 with @entity902 resistance. @entity137 associated with the @entity6023 include @entity56 , @entity1431 , @entity2359 , and @entity1665 . Premedication with @entity619 , @entity3933 , and @entity4444 decreases the incidence of severe anaphylactic reactions to less than 3%. In Phase II studies, response rates to @entity1311 in @entity1 with previously treated @entity43 ranged from 20 to 48%. To date, only two Phase III study using @entity1311 in the treatment of @entity43 have mature data. In one trial in @entity1 with @entity43 , conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group, @entity1 receiving @entity1311 / @entity900 had a significantly greater clinical response rate and surgical response rate and a significantly smaller risk of progression than those of @entity1 receiving @entity900 / @entity786 . In a Phase III study of @entity1311 in previously treated @entity1 at two different schedules (3- and 24-hr infusions), conducted by the Canadian-European Taxol Cooperative Group, @entity1 on the 24-hr infusion experienced significantly more grade 4 @entity1398 than those receiving the 3-hr infusion. The optimal dose, schedule, and combination for @entity1311 in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity43 have not yet been defined. In Phase II studies of @entity1205 in @entity1 with previously treated @entity43 , response rates of 33-35% were noted. Peripheral @entity4 was noted to be a clinically significant @entity137 .

title: Options for primary chemotherapy of XXXX : @entity6023 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian carcinomas', 'suboptimally debulked stage III and IV ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: The @entity6023 , a new class of anticancer agents, act by promoting the assembly of microtubules and stabilizing formed tubules. Two @entity6023 , @entity1311 and @entity1205 , have clinical activity in epithelial @entity43 , including @entity5 with @entity902 resistance. @entity137 associated with the @entity6023 include @entity56 , @entity1431 , @entity2359 , and @entity1665 . Premedication with @entity619 , @entity3933 , and @entity4444 decreases the incidence of severe anaphylactic reactions to less than 3%. In Phase II studies, response rates to @entity1311 in @entity1 with previously treated @entity43 ranged from 20 to 48%. To date, only two Phase III study using @entity1311 in the treatment of @entity43 have mature data. In one trial in @entity1 with @entity43 , conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group, @entity1 receiving @entity1311 / @entity900 had a significantly greater clinical response rate and surgical response rate and a significantly smaller risk of progression than those of @entity1 receiving @entity900 / @entity786 . In a Phase III study of @entity1311 in previously treated @entity1 at two different schedules (3- and 24-hr infusions), conducted by the Canadian-European Taxol Cooperative Group, @entity1 on the 24-hr infusion experienced significantly more grade 4 @entity1398 than those receiving the 3-hr infusion. The optimal dose, schedule, and combination for @entity1311 in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity43 have not yet been defined. In Phase II studies of @entity1205 in @entity1 with previously treated @entity43 , response rates of 33-35% were noted. Peripheral @entity4 was noted to be a clinically significant @entity137 .

title: Options for primary chemotherapy of @entity43 : XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6023 :: (MESH:D043823,Chemical) :: ['taxanes']


abstract: @entity43 is a highly chemosensitive solid @entity5 with response rates of 70-80% to first-line chemotherapy, including a high proportion of complete responses. The majority of @entity1 , however, eventually relapse and ultimately die of chemoresistant disease. Response rates to salvage agents are modest, and duration of response is relatively short. Important new agents have been identified in the salvage setting, however, and all @entity1 with @entity43 recurring or persisting after front-line therapy should be encouraged to enroll in clinical trials. Phase II trials should include multiple adequately sized cohorts, for @entity1 with @entity902 -sensitive disease and those with @entity902 -refractory disease. In addition, @entity1 should be stratified by treatment-free interval. An effort should be made to report standard response endpoints, such as median duration of response, median time to progression, and median survival. Retreatment with a @entity902 -containing compound is appropriate in @entity1 with @entity902 -sensitive disease. Trials of high-dose chemotherapy with hematologic support may be most appropriate for @entity1 with minimal disease following first-line therapy, but are unlikely to benefit @entity1 with @entity902 -resistant or bulky disease. Paclitaxel should figure prominently in consideration of salvage therapy for @entity1 with @entity902 -resistant disease. Responses to other single agents or combination chemotherapy have been modest and generally of short duration. Efforts at hormonal therapy have been disappointing. Promising new agents include topoisomerase I inhibitors, such as @entity1945 , @entity13627 , @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ), and @entity9986 . Therapies focusing on novel molecular targets include antiangiogenesis agents, antimetastatic agents, and signal transduction inhibitors. Immunotherapy, including radioimmunotherapy, immunotoxins, and direct antitumor effects of monoclonal antibodies, may be useful. Greater understanding of the molecular pathology of @entity43 may help us develop more rational and effective treatment.

title: Salvage chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity13627 :: ('MESH:C080125', 'Chemical') :: ['9-aminocamptothecin']

entities_list: @entity9986 :: ('MESH:C064541', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazoloacridine']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: The distinct pathologic and biologic nature of @entity43 of low malignant potential (LMP) has been officially recognized by FIGO and the World Health Organization. LMP @entity5 may comprise 10% of @entity43 ; they occur at a mean age of 40 years. Pregnancy, breast-feeding, and the use of oral contraceptives are protective against the development of @entity5 of LMP. A history of @entity249 and use of @entity249 drugs appear to increase the risk of these @entity5 . No association with @entity43 has been reported. The survival associated with these @entity5 is 99% at mean follow-up of 7 years for @entity1 with stage I disease, and 92% for those with @entity34 . Retrospectively, more @entity1 appear to have died from complications associated with adjuvant therapy than from progressive disease. The recommended treatment is surgical, consisting of total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymph node biopsies, peritoneal washings, and @entity5 debulking. In young @entity1 with early-stage disease, conservative surgery, preserving the uterus and contralateral ovary, is acceptable. A role has not yet been established for adjuvant therapy, whether radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Laboratory investigations have not demonstrated that these @entity5 represent an intermediate step between @entity43 and @entity189 nor have they identified that small subset of @entity5 with @entity146 clinical behavior. We should perhaps consider @entity5 of LMP in the same light as "benign" proliferative gynecologic conditions, such as @entity46 .

title: Management of epithelial XXXX of low malignant potential.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'benign ovarian tumors', 'hereditary ovarian cancer syndromes', 'ovarian neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis and leiomyomata']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II and II disease']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: The phenotype and function of @entity19 intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) was studied in a Percoll-fractionated preparation that consisted of low-density cells which migrated to the 40-50% Percoll interface (IEL-40), medium-density cells which migrated to the 50-55% interface (IEL-50), and high-density cells which migrated to the 55-70% interface (IEL-55). IEL-40 and IEL-50 cells, the subsets phenotypically most similar to mature IEL, consisted of @entity5168 + T cells that included @entity1961 - CD8+ and @entity1961 + CD8+ cells; @entity1961 + CD8- cells were present only in the IEL-50 fraction. T-cell receptor (TcR)alpha beta and TcR gamma delta cells were present in both IEL-40 and IEL-50 fractions. In contrast, most IEL-55 were @entity5168 -, @entity26720 (HSA)+ cells that were not B cells; some IEL-55 cells were @entity5168 lo HSA- or @entity5168 lo HSA+ suggesting that IEL-55 are immature T cells. TcR alpha beta but not TcR gamma delta was expressed in the IEL-55 fraction. All three IEL fractions consisted of both @entity3414 alpha and @entity3414 beta cells. There was considerable functional heterogeneity between the three IEL fractions such that @entity5168 -induced proliferation was greatest for IEL-50 cells and least for IEL-55 cells; that activity correlated with the proportion of @entity3512 + cells within the fractions. Both IEL-40 and IEL-50 fractions contained activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) that were 8-16-fold more lytic than IEL-55 cells. That IEL-55 cells may be precursors of some IEL-40 and IEL-50 cells was demonstrated by a shift in cell density and by an increase in proportions of cells expressing markers of IEL-40 and IEL-50 cells following in vitro stimulation via @entity5168 . The relevance of these findings to differences in functional activities reported for @entity19 IEL is discussed.

title: Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of XXXX intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes defined by cell density: implications for route of differentiation and responsiveness to proliferation induction.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: A retrospective study of @entity1 treated at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute for brain metastases from primary @entity2 is presented. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The medical records of 416 @entity1 with the diagnosis of primary @entity2 who presented with, or subsequently developed, brain metastases during the period January 1984 to December 1987 were reviewed. Information on a number of factors of potential prognostic significance (sex, age, histology, performance status and interval between diagnosis of the primary and brain metastases) was collected. Details of surgery, radiation and @entity134 usage were recorded, and any @entity134 side effects documented. Survival was calculated from the date of diagnosis of brain metastases. Stepwise regression based on Cox's proportional hazards model was used to determine significant prognostic factors affecting survival. @entity1 with and without @entity134 side effects were compared using Yates's corrected chi-square test. RESULTS: The overall estimated median survival was only 3.3 months (95% confidence interval 2.9-3.7 months). Only two factors were found to be associated with a significantly improved survival--surgical intervention and good performance status. After taking these two factors into account, the dose of radiation used (< 30 Gy or > or = 30 Gy) did not influence survival. There was a 3% incidence of @entity356 or perforation in @entity1 taking @entity230 , with a 40% fatality rate. Predisposing factors to gastric side effects were a prior history of peptic ulcer and/or @entity117 or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug consumption. CONCLUSION: Radiation of brain metastases from primary @entity2 results in modest survival benefit. Radiation dose (< 30 Gy or > or = 30 Gy) is not a significant determinant of survival. Other treatment modifications, such as concurrent radiation and chemotherapy, should be explored. Steroids should be used with caution as fatal side effects can occur.

title: Treatment of brain metastases from primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bleeding']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity3852 is a rare @entity5 with aggressive behavior but potential for response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Optimal treatment regimens are evolving based on reports of case series and a growing understanding of the natural history. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective analysis of 34 cases treated at two Australian Institutions over 13 years is presented, focusing on clinical features and response to therapy. RESULTS: The aggressive nature of this @entity5 is confirmed by the local recurrence rate of 22% following surgical excision, the development of regional node @entity3 in 76%, and of distant @entity3 in 70%. Overall median survival was 24 months with 65% of @entity1 succumbing to metastatic disease. An association with B cell @entity5 and immunosuppressive therapy is noted, with these @entity1 having a poorer outcome, and one spontaneous remission was observed. Radiation therapy produced responses in 21 of 30 measurable sites (11 complete, 10 partial), and in 11 sites irradiated prophylactically there was only one infield relapse (9%). Responses to chemotherapy were observed in 8 of 20 applications (40%), particularly @entity3003 and @entity2879 given in the setting of regional node disease. CONCLUSION: In this poor prognosis @entity5 , further investigation of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is warranted, as responsiveness of recurrent disease is confirmed. Immunological factors appear important in the natural history, and their manipulation may offer additional therapeutic options.

title: Further insights into the natural history and management of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['cutaneous neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) carcinoma']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity1 under the age of 15 years with verified @entity2946 were treated at Addenbrookes Hospital from 1940 to 1976. In addition to surgical treatment, all received high dose irradiation to the whole neuraxis. Nine were still alive in 1979, of whom eight were examined. All these @entity1 showed some residual problems, but five were leading active lives and had only minor @entity717 . There was evidence of disturbance in growth, with shortening of the spine in relation to the limbs, in all the @entity1 . The height centile was lower than expected from parental height in four and one was severely dwarfed. @entity2124 secretion in response to exercise was, however, normal in five of six @entity1 tested. Three @entity1 also showed failure of growth of the jaw sufficiently severe to be a cosmetic problem. @entity1032 was present in three @entity1 . A raised resting TSH level was found in two @entity1 , one of whom had a @entity1376 . Of the three @entity1 with severe problems, two had been treated when under two years of age. Long-term follow-up of @entity1 who survive @entity2946 is clearly necessary and consideration should perhaps be given to revision of current treatment regimes in very young @entity1 .

title: XXXX in childhood: long-term results of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Frank mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['Medulloblastoma']


abstract: Studies on @entity1 @entity1 suggested that thoracic gas volume (TGV) measured at end exhalation may not depict the true TGV and may differ from TGV measured from a series of higher lung volumes and corrected for the volume added. This was explained by gas trapping. If true, we should expect the discrepancy to be more pronounced when functional residual capacity (FRC) and higher lung volumes are measured by gas dilution techniques. We studied lung volumes above FRC by the @entity1568 washout technique in 12 spontaneously breathing @entity2608 (5.0-11.3 kg wt; 42 compared measurements). Lung volumes directly measured were compared with preset lung volumes achieved by artificial inflation of the lungs above FRC with known volumes of air (100-260 ml). Measured lung volume strongly correlated with and was not significantly different from present lung volume (P = 0.05; r = 0.996). The difference between measured and preset lung volume was 0-5% in 41 of 42 cases [1 +/- 0.4% (SE)]. The direction of the difference was unpredictable; in 22 of 42 cases the measured volume was larger than the preset volume, but in 17 of 42 cases it was smaller. The difference was not affected by the volume of gas artificially inflated into the lungs. We conclude that, overall, lung volumes above FRC can be reliably measured by the @entity1568 washout technique and that FRC measurements by this method reasonably reflect true FRC.

title: Measurement of high lung volumes by XXXX washout method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: BALB/c @entity19 were given 1 x 10(6) MOPC 104E plasmacytoma cells i.v. to disseminate the @entity5 to various organs. Twenty-five days after implantation and at a time when the neoplastic B-cell clone was in the exponential growth phase, the @entity19 were given i.p. injections of a mixture of antigens containing @entity742 red blood cells and levan. Each @entity19 was monitored simultaneously for immunoglobulin M (IgM) anti-dextran @entity1582 protein produced by the plasmacytoma and anti-sheep red blood cell hemolysin. The increase and decrease of these markers permit assessment of the expansion of the abnormal B-cell clone during the rise and fall of a normal B-cell clone in response to a specific antigen. The model was used to determine (a) the extent of the suppression of @entity1582 protein, (b) how long inhibition can be maintained, and (c) how soon it occurs after antigen is administered. The results showed that, as the IgM antibody response to @entity742 red blood cells begins to peak, it exerts a transient suppressive effect on either the MOPC 104E growth or on the cellular release of MOPC 104E IgM. The suppressive effect was noticeable 4 days after antigen administration for only 24 hr. These results indicated that plasmacytoma cells in vivo can recognize signals for either suppression of growth or release of the idiotypic MOPC 104E IgM and were not inconsistent with the view that @entity1582 may be the result of a defect in B-cell regulation.

title: Effect of immune response to XXXX red blood cells on plasmacytoma MOPC 104 E.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: We previously reported that a region of the @entity526 chromosome at 18 min increased E sigma E activity when cloned in multicopy (J. Mecsas, P. E. Rouviere, J. W. Erickson, T. J. Donohue, and C. A. Gross, Genes Dev. 7:2618-2628, 1993). In the present report, we identify and characterize the gene responsible for the increase in E sigma E activity. This gene is in a monocistronic operon with two promoters and a rho-independent terminator. Sequence analysis of this gene indicated that it encodes an outer membrane protein which is 83% identical to OmpX in @entity7100 , leading us to name this gene ompX. There are four other proteins that are homologous to OmpX. Several of these proteins, Ail of @entity2820 and Rck and PagC of @entity2491 , have properties that allow bacteria to adhere to @entity1 cells, survive exposure to human serum, and/or survive within macrophages. We therefore characterized strains deleted for ompX for their growth phenotypes, E sigma E activity, serum resistance, and adherence to @entity1 cells. No differences in growth rates, serum resistance, or adherence to @entity1 cells were observed; however, E sigma E activity was dependent on expression of OmpX in certain strain backgrounds.

title: Identification and characterization of an outer membrane protein, OmpX, in @entity526 that is homologous to a family of outer membrane proteins including Ail of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7100 :: ('550', 'Species') :: ['Enterobacter cloacae']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity2820 :: ('630', 'Species') :: ['Yersinia enterocolitica']

answer: @entity2820 :: (630,Species) :: ['Yersinia enterocolitica']


abstract: We previously reported that a region of the @entity526 chromosome at 18 min increased E sigma E activity when cloned in multicopy (J. Mecsas, P. E. Rouviere, J. W. Erickson, T. J. Donohue, and C. A. Gross, Genes Dev. 7:2618-2628, 1993). In the present report, we identify and characterize the gene responsible for the increase in E sigma E activity. This gene is in a monocistronic operon with two promoters and a rho-independent terminator. Sequence analysis of this gene indicated that it encodes an outer membrane protein which is 83% identical to OmpX in @entity7100 , leading us to name this gene ompX. There are four other proteins that are homologous to OmpX. Several of these proteins, Ail of @entity2820 and Rck and PagC of @entity2491 , have properties that allow bacteria to adhere to @entity1 cells, survive exposure to human serum, and/or survive within macrophages. We therefore characterized strains deleted for ompX for their growth phenotypes, E sigma E activity, serum resistance, and adherence to @entity1 cells. No differences in growth rates, serum resistance, or adherence to @entity1 cells were observed; however, E sigma E activity was dependent on expression of OmpX in certain strain backgrounds.

title: Identification and characterization of an outer membrane protein, OmpX, in XXXX that is homologous to a family of outer membrane proteins including Ail of @entity2820 .

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Protein @entity669 phosphatase has the potential to control various cellular events by negatively regulating the extent of @entity669 phosphorylation. Here, we report the isolation of a @entity19 receptor protein @entity669 phosphatase, @entity71219 , which is expressed almost exclusively in the brain. Though the cytoplasmic portion of @entity71219 reveals high similarity to @entity71220 / @entity71220 and STEP, these are, unlike @entity71219 , non-receptor protein @entity669 phosphatases. Unlike most receptor protein @entity669 phosphatases, @entity71219 has only one cytoplasmic phosphatase domain, and its extracellular domain reveals no obvious structural similarity to known molecules. Thus, @entity71219 defines a new subfamily of receptor-type protein @entity669 phosphatases. The putative extracellular domain of @entity71219 was expressed in COS-7 cells as a chimeric fusion protein with an immunoglobulin Fc portion ( @entity71219 -Fc). @entity71219 -Fc was secreted in the culture supernatant, confirming the capability of the extracellular domain of @entity71219 to translocate across the cytoplasmic membrane. The cytoplasmic portion of @entity71219 was expressed as a fusion protein in bacteria and was demonstrated to have catalytic activity. The expression of @entity71219 was detectable in brain and especially in cerebellum but undetectable in liver, lung, heart, kidney, thymus, bone marrow, and spleen. In situ hybridization analysis revealed the most prominent signal in Purkinje cells. The predominant expression of @entity71219 in the brain suggests that @entity71219 may have role(s) in neuronal cells.

title: cDNA cloning and characterization of a novel receptor-type protein XXXX phosphatase expressed predominantly in the brain.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: An incidence cohort of 308 @entity15 @entity1 was followed up repeatedly during at least 25 years of disease. In the @entity1 with acute onset, multivariate survival analyses were performed and predictive models created. The endpoints DSS 6 and start of progressive disease were used. A number of variables were tested. The most important of these for prediction and therefore included in these models were: age at onset, sex, degree of remission after relapse, mono- or polyregional symptoms, type of affected nerve fibres, number of affected neurological systems. The relapse rate did not correlate with prognosis. In the predictive models, coefficients and risk ratios are provided that can be used for calculating the risk of progression and DSS 6 or to predict the median time for these endpoints in individual @entity1 . It was also found that the risk of progression is not constant, but has a maximum a certain time after disease onset. For a @entity1 with early onset, the risk is low in the beginning, but reaches a maximum level, which is several times higher, after about 15 years. The @entity1 with a late onset has a much higher risk of endpoint immediately after onset, but reaches the maximum in a few years, and after that the risk decreases.

title: Prediction of outcome in XXXX based on multivariate models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Insulin absorption from the conjunctiva was investigated in five pancreatectomized @entity6 mongrel @entity235 , with the nasolacrimal ducts occluded by micro plugs to prevent insulin absorption from nasolacrimal membrane. In the anaesthetized state, highly concentrated porcine insulin (1000 units @entity19264 , pH 7.4) was absorbed rapidly and significantly from the conjunctiva. Plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations increased significantly up to 3 h after insulin administration to conjunctival membranes. Plasma @entity413 concentration decreased significantly compared with saline control experiments after insulin administration (10 units kg-1) at 3 h (8.3 +/- 0.1 vs 15.6 +/- 0.6 mmol, P < 0.01). However, in the conscious state, there was no significant increase in the plasma insulin levels after topical insulin administration. To improve insulin absorption in the conscious state, we examined the effect of increasing viscosity of insulin preparation with hyaluronic acid. In anaesthetized experiments, there were no significant changes in the bioavailability of insulin after addition of @entity17540 (0.84 +/- 0.11 vs 0.87 +/- 0.05%). In the conscious state, with addition of hyaluronic acid, the area under the curve of plasma insulin concentration was significantly increased (1842 +/- 383 vs 75 +/- 24 m units min @entity19264 , P < 0.01). The bioavailability of insulin absorption was significantly increased after addition of @entity17540 (0.68 +/- 0.14 vs 0.03 +/- 0.01%, P < 0.01). From this study we could demonstrate that the conjunctiva is a potential route for insulin administration, and increased viscosity by the addition of @entity17540 was found effective in increasing the bioavailability of insulin absorption from conjunctival membrane in the conscious state.

title: Effect of addition of hyaluronic acid to highly concentrated insulin on absorption from the conjunctiva in conscious XXXX @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity17540 :: ('CHEBI:16336', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Insulin absorption from the conjunctiva was investigated in five pancreatectomized @entity6 mongrel @entity235 , with the nasolacrimal ducts occluded by micro plugs to prevent insulin absorption from nasolacrimal membrane. In the anaesthetized state, highly concentrated porcine insulin (1000 units @entity19264 , pH 7.4) was absorbed rapidly and significantly from the conjunctiva. Plasma immunoreactive insulin concentrations increased significantly up to 3 h after insulin administration to conjunctival membranes. Plasma @entity413 concentration decreased significantly compared with saline control experiments after insulin administration (10 units kg-1) at 3 h (8.3 +/- 0.1 vs 15.6 +/- 0.6 mmol, P < 0.01). However, in the conscious state, there was no significant increase in the plasma insulin levels after topical insulin administration. To improve insulin absorption in the conscious state, we examined the effect of increasing viscosity of insulin preparation with hyaluronic acid. In anaesthetized experiments, there were no significant changes in the bioavailability of insulin after addition of @entity17540 (0.84 +/- 0.11 vs 0.87 +/- 0.05%). In the conscious state, with addition of hyaluronic acid, the area under the curve of plasma insulin concentration was significantly increased (1842 +/- 383 vs 75 +/- 24 m units min @entity19264 , P < 0.01). The bioavailability of insulin absorption was significantly increased after addition of @entity17540 (0.68 +/- 0.14 vs 0.03 +/- 0.01%, P < 0.01). From this study we could demonstrate that the conjunctiva is a potential route for insulin administration, and increased viscosity by the addition of @entity17540 was found effective in increasing the bioavailability of insulin absorption from conjunctival membrane in the conscious state.

title: Effect of addition of hyaluronic acid to highly concentrated insulin on absorption from the conjunctiva in conscious @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: We evaluated 21 eyes of 13 @entity1 between two and eight months old who had primary posterior chamber @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) implantation for @entity231 between 1988 and 1993. Twelve eyes had a posterior capsulorhexis or plaque peeling at the time of implantation and one eye had a vitrectomy. Eight eyes had no posterior capsule procedure during the initial surgery. Follow-up ranged from six months to five years. All eyes developed one or multiple posterior synechias and all, except one, required secondary capsulectomy and vitrectomy between one month and one year. Twenty eyes attained stable @entity2790 fixation and a clear @entity227 . In one eye, the @entity2790 decentered downward. @entity1 with @entity231 had greater visual improvement than those with a @entity231 in one eye only. No @entity1 could manage spectacles postoperatively. Our findings show the benefits of posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy done in the early postoperative period and that @entity2790 implantation in @entity1 is a reasonable treatment in some parts of the world.

title: Intraocular lens implantation in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'intraocular lens']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral cataracts', 'congenital cataracts', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['congenital cataracts']


abstract: We evaluated 21 eyes of 13 @entity1 between two and eight months old who had primary posterior chamber @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) implantation for @entity231 between 1988 and 1993. Twelve eyes had a posterior capsulorhexis or plaque peeling at the time of implantation and one eye had a vitrectomy. Eight eyes had no posterior capsule procedure during the initial surgery. Follow-up ranged from six months to five years. All eyes developed one or multiple posterior synechias and all, except one, required secondary capsulectomy and vitrectomy between one month and one year. Twenty eyes attained stable @entity2790 fixation and a clear @entity227 . In one eye, the @entity2790 decentered downward. @entity1 with @entity231 had greater visual improvement than those with a @entity231 in one eye only. No @entity1 could manage spectacles postoperatively. Our findings show the benefits of posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy done in the early postoperative period and that @entity2790 implantation in @entity1 is a reasonable treatment in some parts of the world.

title: Intraocular lens implantation in XXXX with @entity231 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Soluble @entity404 (sCD4) and sCD8 were measured in the sera of 19 @entity1 with active @entity2760 ( @entity2760 ). METHODS: We correlated the results obtained with lymphocyte subpopulations, soluble interleukin 2 receptors (sIL-2R), and clinical and laboratory variables at diagnosis. In addition 15 @entity1 were prospectively studied during a 6 month period of prednisone therapy. Assays of the sCD4 and sCD8 molecules and of the sIL-2R were performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent kit. RESULTS: Serum sCD8 and sIL-2R levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity66 compared to normal controls, while serum sCD4 and the relative percentage of @entity405 + T cell levels decreased. In the 15 @entity1 prospectively studied sCD8 levels fell significantly after 1 week of therapy along with the remission of clinical disease and normalization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. At the end of the study period, sCD8 values did not differ from normal controls and they were significantly reduced compared to baseline values. @entity405 + @entity2905 persisted at the end of the study. sCD4 levels remained significantly lower during the study period. sIL-2R levels fell significantly at the end of the study period. However, the 6-month levels of sIL-2R remained significantly higher compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The rise of serum sCD8 levels observed in @entity1 with @entity2760 with @entity66 suggests an early activation of @entity405 T cells. The therapeutic effect of @entity134 in @entity2760 may be partially mediated by its effect on @entity405 activated cells.

title: Serum soluble XXXX and @entity405 levels in @entity2760 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia rheumatica', 'PMR']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Soluble @entity404 (sCD4) and sCD8 were measured in the sera of 19 @entity1 with active @entity2760 ( @entity2760 ). METHODS: We correlated the results obtained with lymphocyte subpopulations, soluble interleukin 2 receptors (sIL-2R), and clinical and laboratory variables at diagnosis. In addition 15 @entity1 were prospectively studied during a 6 month period of prednisone therapy. Assays of the sCD4 and sCD8 molecules and of the sIL-2R were performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent kit. RESULTS: Serum sCD8 and sIL-2R levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity66 compared to normal controls, while serum sCD4 and the relative percentage of @entity405 + T cell levels decreased. In the 15 @entity1 prospectively studied sCD8 levels fell significantly after 1 week of therapy along with the remission of clinical disease and normalization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. At the end of the study period, sCD8 values did not differ from normal controls and they were significantly reduced compared to baseline values. @entity405 + @entity2905 persisted at the end of the study. sCD4 levels remained significantly lower during the study period. sIL-2R levels fell significantly at the end of the study period. However, the 6-month levels of sIL-2R remained significantly higher compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The rise of serum sCD8 levels observed in @entity1 with @entity2760 with @entity66 suggests an early activation of @entity405 T cells. The therapeutic effect of @entity134 in @entity2760 may be partially mediated by its effect on @entity405 activated cells.

title: Serum soluble @entity404 and @entity405 levels in XXXX .

answer: @entity2760 :: (MESH:D011111,Disease) :: ['polymyalgia rheumatica']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Soluble @entity404 (sCD4) and sCD8 were measured in the sera of 19 @entity1 with active @entity2760 ( @entity2760 ). METHODS: We correlated the results obtained with lymphocyte subpopulations, soluble interleukin 2 receptors (sIL-2R), and clinical and laboratory variables at diagnosis. In addition 15 @entity1 were prospectively studied during a 6 month period of prednisone therapy. Assays of the sCD4 and sCD8 molecules and of the sIL-2R were performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent kit. RESULTS: Serum sCD8 and sIL-2R levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity66 compared to normal controls, while serum sCD4 and the relative percentage of @entity405 + T cell levels decreased. In the 15 @entity1 prospectively studied sCD8 levels fell significantly after 1 week of therapy along with the remission of clinical disease and normalization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate. At the end of the study period, sCD8 values did not differ from normal controls and they were significantly reduced compared to baseline values. @entity405 + @entity2905 persisted at the end of the study. sCD4 levels remained significantly lower during the study period. sIL-2R levels fell significantly at the end of the study period. However, the 6-month levels of sIL-2R remained significantly higher compared to controls. CONCLUSION: The rise of serum sCD8 levels observed in @entity1 with @entity2760 with @entity66 suggests an early activation of @entity405 T cells. The therapeutic effect of @entity134 in @entity2760 may be partially mediated by its effect on @entity405 activated cells.

title: Serum soluble @entity404 and XXXX levels in @entity2760 .

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: @entity2909 of the bilateral testicular tunica albuginea is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there are only 3 definitely reported cases. This is the first report of bilateral testicular tunica albuginea @entity2909 as a potential cause of @entity4810 . Herein, we report a case of a 47-year-old @entity1 who presented with painless bilateral testicular masses for more than 30 years, besides he also suffered from @entity249 . The complete resection of the @entity5 was performed. The final pathological diagnosis was @entity2909 of the bilateral tunica albuginea. Postoperatively, the @entity1 underwent testicular biopsy. Histopathology confirmed moderate @entity194 , and the number of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased. In this case, bilateral @entity10523 is the root reason for the @entity1 's @entity249 . Thus, despite the benign nature of bilateral testicular tunica albuginea @entity2909 , they may cause bilateral @entity10523 and @entity249 in @entity1 . In the case of @entity1 with fertility requirements, early local mass excision is often necessary.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['testicular hypoplasia', 'testicular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'unexplained infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of bilateral testes']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'Leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['Leiomyomas of the bilateral tunica albuginea of testes']


abstract: Clinical characteristics of six cases of @entity3438 involving a unilateral basal ganglion and thalamus are summarized. The incidence was estimated as 10% of all @entity932 . The average age at the onset was 10.5 years. The sex incidence showed a male dominance. The clinical course was slowly progressive, and the average duration between onset and diagnosis was 2 years 5 months. Common symptoms and signs were @entity1269 in all cases, fever of unknown origin and eye symptoms in most, @entity1032 and @entity146 signs in three, and @entity410 , pubertas praecox, and @entity2010 in two. Signs of @entity428 were found in only two cases in the later state of the disease. Early diagnosis is difficult because of nonspecific symptomatology and slow progression. Carotid angiography and pneumoencephalography showed abnormal findings compatible with basal @entity5 , but not specific to @entity3438 . Ipsilateral cortical @entity194 and @entity2554 might be significant findings. Radioisotope scanning was useful. Computerized tomography scans were the best method of detecting the location and nature of this @entity5 , and repeat scans showed response to radiation therapy.

title: XXXX involving the basal ganglia and thalamus.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial germinomas']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ganglia and thalamic tumors']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinoma']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity3438 :: (MESH:D018237,Disease) :: ['Unilateral germinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess effectiveness and implementability of the public health programme Life! Taking action on @entity6 in Australian @entity1 at risk of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was a unique study assessing effectiveness of Life! that used a randomized controlled trial design. Intervention @entity1 with AUSDRISK score >= 15 received 1 individual and 5 structured 90   min group sessions. Controls received usual care. Outcome measures were obtained for all @entity1 at baseline and 12   months and, additionally, for intervention @entity1 at 3   months. @entity10281 ( @entity10281 ) and intention to treat (ITT) analyses were performed. RESULTS: @entity10281 analyses were considered more informative from our study. In @entity10281 analyses, intervention @entity1 significantly improved in weight (-1.13   kg, p=0.016), waist circumference (-1.35   cm, p=0.044), systolic (-5.2   mm   Hg, p=0.028) and diastolic blood pressure (-3.2   mm   Hg, p=0.030) compared with controls. Based on observed weight change, estimated risk of developing @entity6 reduced by 9.6% in the intervention and increased by 3.3% in control @entity1 . Absolute 5-year @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk reduced significantly for intervention @entity1 by 0.97 percentage points from 9.35% (10.4% relative risk reduction). In control @entity1 , the risk increased by 0.11 percentage points (1.3% relative risk increase). The net effect for the change in @entity65 risk was -1.08 percentage points of absolute risk (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 effectively reduced the risk of @entity6 and @entity65 , but the intervention effect on weight and waist reduction was modest due to the challenges in recruiting high-risk individuals and the abbreviated intervention.

title: Challenges of XXXX prevention in the real world: results and lessons from the @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Melbourne Diabetes Prevention Study', 'MDPS', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['PPS', 'Per protocol set']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess effectiveness and implementability of the public health programme Life! Taking action on @entity6 in Australian @entity1 at risk of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was a unique study assessing effectiveness of Life! that used a randomized controlled trial design. Intervention @entity1 with AUSDRISK score >= 15 received 1 individual and 5 structured 90   min group sessions. Controls received usual care. Outcome measures were obtained for all @entity1 at baseline and 12   months and, additionally, for intervention @entity1 at 3   months. @entity10281 ( @entity10281 ) and intention to treat (ITT) analyses were performed. RESULTS: @entity10281 analyses were considered more informative from our study. In @entity10281 analyses, intervention @entity1 significantly improved in weight (-1.13   kg, p=0.016), waist circumference (-1.35   cm, p=0.044), systolic (-5.2   mm   Hg, p=0.028) and diastolic blood pressure (-3.2   mm   Hg, p=0.030) compared with controls. Based on observed weight change, estimated risk of developing @entity6 reduced by 9.6% in the intervention and increased by 3.3% in control @entity1 . Absolute 5-year @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk reduced significantly for intervention @entity1 by 0.97 percentage points from 9.35% (10.4% relative risk reduction). In control @entity1 , the risk increased by 0.11 percentage points (1.3% relative risk increase). The net effect for the change in @entity65 risk was -1.08 percentage points of absolute risk (p=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 effectively reduced the risk of @entity6 and @entity65 , but the intervention effect on weight and waist reduction was modest due to the challenges in recruiting high-risk individuals and the abbreviated intervention.

title: Challenges of @entity6 prevention in the real world: results and lessons from the XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Melbourne Diabetes Prevention Study']


abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the separate and combined effects of neonatal undernutrition (U) and cold stress (S) on the behavioral and cerebral development of postweaning @entity35 . A severe U was imposed by feeding dams a low protein diet. Postweaning all pups were fed a control diet. S consisted of daily exposure to 5 degrees for 3 minutes from day 2 to 11. Behavioral data show that U animals, stressed (S) + nonstressed (NS), exhibited a significant deficit in reversal learning of T-maze at 21 days, an enhanced passive avoidance response, but no difference in active-avoidance at 35 days when compared to controls of the same age. S had no effect on behavior development. At @entity204 (110 days), the brains were dissected into five sections and assay for @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities. Brain weights of U animals (NS + S) were significantly lower in all sections except dorsal cortex (DC). @entity4833 and ChE activities were significantly higher in all sections (except DC) of U animals relative to controls. S resulted in @entity76 and ChE: @entity4833 ratios in some sections. Our results suggest a delayed behavioral maturation in U animals and an association between early postweaning behavior and brain parameters in adult rehabilitated animals.

title: Effects of neonatal undernutrition and cold stress on behavior and biochemical brain parameters in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['lower cerebellar weight']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1947 nanoparticles ( @entity1948 -NPs) are increasingly used in sunscreens, bio- sensors, food additives, pigments, manufacture of rubber products, and electronic materi- als. There are several studies about the effects of NPs on dermal fibroblast or keratino- cytes, but very little attention has been directed towards adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). A previous study has revealed that @entity1948 -NPs restricted the migration capability of ASCs. However, the potential @entity137 of these NPs on ASCs is not well un- derstood. This study intends to evaluate the effects of @entity1948 -NPs on subcutaneous ASCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, In order to assess @entity137 , we ex- posed @entity35 ASCs to @entity1948 -NPs at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100   g/ml for 48 hours. @entity8175 - icity was evaluated by cell morphology changes, cell viability assay, as well as apoptosis and @entity39 detection. RESULTS: @entity1948 -NPs concentration dependently reduced the survival rates of ASCs as re- vealed by the @entity3460 exclusion and @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) tests. @entity1948 -NPs, at concentrations of 10 and 50   g/ml, induced a significant increase in apoptotic indices as shown by the annexin V test. The concentration of 10   g/ml of @entity1948 -NPs was more toxic. CONCLUSION: Lower concentrations of @entity1948 -NPs have toxic and apoptotic effects on subcutaneous ASCs. We recommend that @entity1948 -NPs be used with caution if there is a dermatological problem.

title: In Vitro Toxic Effects of XXXX Nanoparticles on @entity35 Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['Zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazo- lium-bromide']

answer: @entity1947 :: (MESH:D015034,Chemical) :: ['Zinc Oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1947 nanoparticles ( @entity1948 -NPs) are increasingly used in sunscreens, bio- sensors, food additives, pigments, manufacture of rubber products, and electronic materi- als. There are several studies about the effects of NPs on dermal fibroblast or keratino- cytes, but very little attention has been directed towards adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). A previous study has revealed that @entity1948 -NPs restricted the migration capability of ASCs. However, the potential @entity137 of these NPs on ASCs is not well un- derstood. This study intends to evaluate the effects of @entity1948 -NPs on subcutaneous ASCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, In order to assess @entity137 , we ex- posed @entity35 ASCs to @entity1948 -NPs at concentrations of 10, 50, and 100   g/ml for 48 hours. @entity8175 - icity was evaluated by cell morphology changes, cell viability assay, as well as apoptosis and @entity39 detection. RESULTS: @entity1948 -NPs concentration dependently reduced the survival rates of ASCs as re- vealed by the @entity3460 exclusion and @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) tests. @entity1948 -NPs, at concentrations of 10 and 50   g/ml, induced a significant increase in apoptotic indices as shown by the annexin V test. The concentration of 10   g/ml of @entity1948 -NPs was more toxic. CONCLUSION: Lower concentrations of @entity1948 -NPs have toxic and apoptotic effects on subcutaneous ASCs. We recommend that @entity1948 -NPs be used with caution if there is a dermatological problem.

title: In Vitro Toxic Effects of @entity1947 Nanoparticles on XXXX Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: Background. @entity2520 is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of the dentition. Periodontal destruction is an outcome of the imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We wanted to prove the hypothesis that salivary TIPM-1 level will vary in different @entity1 . A decrease in @entity2843 level could make them more susceptible to @entity2521 whereas a normal level could prevent increased tissue destruction thereby inhibiting the progression from @entity2522 to @entity2521 . This could probably pave the way for TIPM-1 to be a specific salivary biomarker and serve as a useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool in @entity2521 . Methods. Whole unstimulated saliva of 2   ml was collected from twenty-five periodontally healthy and twenty-seven systemically healthy subjects with @entity2521 . Clinical parameters recorded at baseline and reevaluated after four weeks in subjects with @entity2521 following nonsurgical periodontal therapy were gingival index (GI), oral hygiene index-Simplified (OHI-S), probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level (CAL). Salivary @entity2843 levels in both were analyzed using a commercially available ELISA kit.

title: Comparison of Salivary XXXX Levels in Periodontally Involved and Healthy Controls and the Response to Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy.

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['Periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2843 :: (7076,Gene) :: ['TIMP-1']


abstract: Objective. To assess whether or not there was any change in the dental caries and rate of salivary flow of @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and the contribution of salivary flow to caries risk in @entity1723 . Setting. Department of Endocrinology, MS Ramaiah Hospital, Bangalore, India. Design. A comparative cross-sectional descriptive type. Materials and Methods. The sample consisted of two groups: 140 @entity6 group (mean age 14.8   yr) and 140 nondiabetic group (mean age 13.7   yr). @entity1547 by dmf(t) and dmf(s) indices for primary dentition and DMF(T) and DMF(S) indices was used in permanent dentition to assess the dental caries experience. Both stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate were assessed after collection of saliva. Results. In @entity6 group 76% had @entity1547 and in nondiabetic group 85.3% had @entity1547 . Diabetics have lower mean DMFT, DMFS, dmft, and dmfs compared to the nondiabetic group. Diminished unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate in @entity6 than nondiabetic group. Conclusions. The findings obtained conclude that even though there was reduced salivary flow rate in @entity6 group the caries prevalence was low.

title: The Influence of XXXX on @entity1547 and Salivary Flow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['carious lesion', 'Dental caries']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: Objective. To assess whether or not there was any change in the dental caries and rate of salivary flow of @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and the contribution of salivary flow to caries risk in @entity1723 . Setting. Department of Endocrinology, MS Ramaiah Hospital, Bangalore, India. Design. A comparative cross-sectional descriptive type. Materials and Methods. The sample consisted of two groups: 140 @entity6 group (mean age 14.8   yr) and 140 nondiabetic group (mean age 13.7   yr). @entity1547 by dmf(t) and dmf(s) indices for primary dentition and DMF(T) and DMF(S) indices was used in permanent dentition to assess the dental caries experience. Both stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate were assessed after collection of saliva. Results. In @entity6 group 76% had @entity1547 and in nondiabetic group 85.3% had @entity1547 . Diabetics have lower mean DMFT, DMFS, dmft, and dmfs compared to the nondiabetic group. Diminished unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate in @entity6 than nondiabetic group. Conclusions. The findings obtained conclude that even though there was reduced salivary flow rate in @entity6 group the caries prevalence was low.

title: The Influence of @entity1723 on XXXX and Salivary Flow.

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['Dental Caries']


abstract: Cover FigureRegion-specific @entity52502 ( @entity52502 ) loss of function differentially affects both patterning and sensorimotor behaviors in @entity19 . @entity52502 is expressed at all levels of the somatosensory pathway and plays a major role in refinement and patterning of topographic sensory maps. Cortex-specific @entity52502 loss of function (CxAC1KO @entity19 ) does not affect barrel patterning and activation of specific barrels corresponding to stimulated whiskers and does not impair sensorimotor behaviors. While global (AC1KO) and thalamus-specific ( @entity52502 loss of function leads to absence of barrel patterns, selective whisker stimulation activates topographically aligned cortical loci. Despite functional topography of the whisker-barrel cortex, sensorimotor and social behaviors are impaired, indicating the importance of patterning of topographical sensory maps in the neocortex. Adenylate cyclase type I ( @entity52502 ) is primarily, and, abundantly, expressed in the brain. Intracellular @entity460 /calmodulin increases regulate @entity52502 in an activity-dependent manner. Upon stimulation, @entity52502 produces @entity268 and it is involved in the patterning and the refinement of neural circuits. In @entity19 , spontaneous mutations or targeted deletion of the @entity52502 gene, which encodes @entity52502 , resulted in neuronal pattern formation defects. Neural modules in the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, the barrels, which represent the topographic distribution of the whiskers on the snout, failed to form (Welker et al., 1996; Abdel-Majid et al., 1998). Cortex- or thalamus-specific @entity52502 deletions led to different cortical pattern phenotypes, with thalamus-specific disruption phenotype being more severe (Iwasato et al., 2008; @entity6953 et al., 2013). Despite the absence of barrels in the "barrelless"/ @entity52502 null @entity19 , thalamocortical terminal bouton density and activation of cortical zones following whisker stimulation were roughly topographic (Abdel-Majid et al., 1998; Gheorghita et al., 2006). To what extent does patterning of the cortical somatosensory body map play a role in sensorimotor behaviors? In this study, we tested @entity19 with global, cortical, or thalamic loss of @entity52502 function in a battery of sensorimotor and social behavior tests and compared them to @entity19 with all of the whiskers clipped. Contrary to intuitive expectations that any region-specific or global disruption of the @entity52502 function would lead to similar behavioral phenotypes, we found significant differences in the degree of impairment between these strains.

title: Region-Specific Disruption of Adenylate Cyclase Type 1 Gene Differentially Affects Somatosensorimotor Behaviors in XXXX (1,2,3).

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a sensitive test for detecting subclinical nodal @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity320 without evidence of lymph node involvement. The prognostic significance of @entity4298 positivity in @entity1 with @entity320 >4  mm thick (T4) is unclear. The survival curves in the current AJCC staging system suggest that the status of the @entity4298 is not predictive of outcome for @entity1 with @entity320 . METHODS: @entity1 with primary @entity320 without clinical nodal involvement who underwent SLNB between 2002 and 2012 at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre were included in the analysis with chart review performed to collect clinical, pathological, and outcome data. A meta-analysis was performed including similar studies of SLNB in @entity320 , which reported @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) data. RESULTS: Of 217 @entity1 who underwent SLNB, 78 @entity1 had a positive @entity4298 (36  %). The 5-year @entity1349 for SLNB negative and positive @entity1 was 68 and 45  %, respectively [hazard ratio (HR) 2.82; 95  % CI 1.76-4.51; P  =  .001]. On multivariate analysis, the only predictors of @entity1349 were the status of the @entity4298 (HR 2.88; 95  % CI 1.75-4.73) and the presence of satellitosis (HR 2.59; 95  % CI 1.30-5.76). The meta-analysis identified 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria. All reported similar findings, demonstrating a significant difference in @entity1349 according to sentinel lymph node status; the pooled analysis of 2104 @entity1 demonstrated an overall HR for @entity1349 according to SLNB status of 2.3 (95  % CI 1.95-2.71). CONCLUSIONS: SLNB provides important prognostic information for @entity1 with @entity320 . This information is important when stratifying @entity1 for clinical trials.

title: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in T4 XXXX : An Important Risk-Stratification Tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['T4 melanoma', 'melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSEThe administration of a single-course antenatal @entity228 treatment is recommended for pregnant @entity1 between 24 and 34 weeks with risk of @entity600 . The maximum effect is achieved when antenatal @entity288 are administered between 24h and 7 days before delivery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of birth within seven days of @entity228 therapy in major obstetric situations with risk of preterm birthMETHODSRetrospective cohort study including 209 pregnant @entity1 hospitalized in risk of @entity3152 , submitted to @entity228 therapy for fetal lung maturation. The study was carried out between January 2012 and March 2014 at a university hospital. Main outcome measure was the number of @entity1 who delivered within 7 da ys after antenatal @entity228 administration. Two groups were defined according to the reason for starting @entity288 : threatened @entity3152 (Group APPT) and other indications for @entity228 therapy (Group RPPT). A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed and a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS46.4% (n=97) of pregnant @entity1 gave birth in the seven days following @entity228 administration. Delivery within 7 days occurred more frequently on group 2 in comparison to group 1 (57.3 versus42.4%; p=0.001). There is a statistically significant difference between the survival curve for groups 1 and 2, with a hazard ratio for delivery within 7 days 1.71 times higher for group 2 (95%CI 1.23-2.37; p<0.001)CONCLUSIONIt can be concluded that the probability of an event (birth within 7 days after @entity288 ) is smaller in the group of pregnant @entity1 admitted in the context of threatened @entity3152 than for other indications. The use of @entity288 in pregnant @entity1 admitted for suspected @entity3152 should be subject to rigorous clinical evaluation.

title: [Evaluation of @entity228 administration in situations of suspected imminent XXXX : a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary centre].

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'preterm labour', 'preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['premature birth']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm delivery']


abstract: PURPOSEThe administration of a single-course antenatal @entity228 treatment is recommended for pregnant @entity1 between 24 and 34 weeks with risk of @entity600 . The maximum effect is achieved when antenatal @entity288 are administered between 24h and 7 days before delivery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of birth within seven days of @entity228 therapy in major obstetric situations with risk of preterm birthMETHODSRetrospective cohort study including 209 pregnant @entity1 hospitalized in risk of @entity3152 , submitted to @entity228 therapy for fetal lung maturation. The study was carried out between January 2012 and March 2014 at a university hospital. Main outcome measure was the number of @entity1 who delivered within 7 da ys after antenatal @entity228 administration. Two groups were defined according to the reason for starting @entity288 : threatened @entity3152 (Group APPT) and other indications for @entity228 therapy (Group RPPT). A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed and a p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS46.4% (n=97) of pregnant @entity1 gave birth in the seven days following @entity228 administration. Delivery within 7 days occurred more frequently on group 2 in comparison to group 1 (57.3 versus42.4%; p=0.001). There is a statistically significant difference between the survival curve for groups 1 and 2, with a hazard ratio for delivery within 7 days 1.71 times higher for group 2 (95%CI 1.23-2.37; p<0.001)CONCLUSIONIt can be concluded that the probability of an event (birth within 7 days after @entity288 ) is smaller in the group of pregnant @entity1 admitted in the context of threatened @entity3152 than for other indications. The use of @entity288 in pregnant @entity1 admitted for suspected @entity3152 should be subject to rigorous clinical evaluation.

title: [Evaluation of XXXX administration in situations of suspected imminent @entity3152 : a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary centre].

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroid']


abstract: Transport of ferric-siderophores across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is mediated by specific outer membrane receptors. To localize the substrate-binding domain of the ferric-pseudobactin 358 receptor, PupA, of @entity15250 WCS358, we constructed chimeric receptors in which different domains of PupA were replaced by the corresponding domains of the related ferric-pseudobactin receptors PupB and PupX, or the @entity71221 receptor FhuE of @entity526 . None of the chimeric proteins composed of pseudobactin receptor domains facilitated growth on any of the original substrates, or they showed only an extremely low efficiency. However, these receptors enabled cells of @entity15250 BN8 to grow on media supplemented with uncharacterized siderophore preparations. These siderophore preparations were isolated from the culture supernatant of WCS358 cells carrying plasmids that contain genes of @entity15250 B10 required for the biosynthesis of pseudobactin B10. Hybrid proteins that contained at least the @entity1472 -terminal 516 @entity1522 of mature FhuE were active as a receptor for @entity71221 and interacted with the @entity526 TonB protein. A chimeric PupA-FhuE protein, containing the @entity1472 -terminal 94 @entity1472 acids of mature PupA, was also active as a @entity71221 receptor, but only in the presence of @entity15250 TonB. It is concluded that the @entity1473 -terminal domain of ferric-pseudobactin receptors is important, but not sufficient, for ligand interaction, whereas binding of @entity71221 by the FhuE receptor is not dependent on this domain. Apparently, the ligand-binding sites of different receptors are located in different regions of the proteins. Furthermore, species-specific TonB binding by the PupA receptor is dependent on the @entity1472 -terminal domain of the receptor.

title: Localization of functional domains in the XXXX @entity71221 receptor FhuE and the @entity15250 ferric-pseudobactin 358 receptor PupA.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

entities_list: @entity15250 :: ('303', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas', 'Pseudomonas putida']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Transport of ferric-siderophores across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is mediated by specific outer membrane receptors. To localize the substrate-binding domain of the ferric-pseudobactin 358 receptor, PupA, of @entity15250 WCS358, we constructed chimeric receptors in which different domains of PupA were replaced by the corresponding domains of the related ferric-pseudobactin receptors PupB and PupX, or the @entity71221 receptor FhuE of @entity526 . None of the chimeric proteins composed of pseudobactin receptor domains facilitated growth on any of the original substrates, or they showed only an extremely low efficiency. However, these receptors enabled cells of @entity15250 BN8 to grow on media supplemented with uncharacterized siderophore preparations. These siderophore preparations were isolated from the culture supernatant of WCS358 cells carrying plasmids that contain genes of @entity15250 B10 required for the biosynthesis of pseudobactin B10. Hybrid proteins that contained at least the @entity1472 -terminal 516 @entity1522 of mature FhuE were active as a receptor for @entity71221 and interacted with the @entity526 TonB protein. A chimeric PupA-FhuE protein, containing the @entity1472 -terminal 94 @entity1472 acids of mature PupA, was also active as a @entity71221 receptor, but only in the presence of @entity15250 TonB. It is concluded that the @entity1473 -terminal domain of ferric-pseudobactin receptors is important, but not sufficient, for ligand interaction, whereas binding of @entity71221 by the FhuE receptor is not dependent on this domain. Apparently, the ligand-binding sites of different receptors are located in different regions of the proteins. Furthermore, species-specific TonB binding by the PupA receptor is dependent on the @entity1472 -terminal domain of the receptor.

title: Localization of functional domains in the @entity526 XXXX receptor FhuE and the @entity15250 ferric-pseudobactin 358 receptor PupA.

answer: @entity71221 :: (MESH:C010896,Chemical) :: ['coprogen']


abstract: Transport of ferric-siderophores across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is mediated by specific outer membrane receptors. To localize the substrate-binding domain of the ferric-pseudobactin 358 receptor, PupA, of @entity15250 WCS358, we constructed chimeric receptors in which different domains of PupA were replaced by the corresponding domains of the related ferric-pseudobactin receptors PupB and PupX, or the @entity71221 receptor FhuE of @entity526 . None of the chimeric proteins composed of pseudobactin receptor domains facilitated growth on any of the original substrates, or they showed only an extremely low efficiency. However, these receptors enabled cells of @entity15250 BN8 to grow on media supplemented with uncharacterized siderophore preparations. These siderophore preparations were isolated from the culture supernatant of WCS358 cells carrying plasmids that contain genes of @entity15250 B10 required for the biosynthesis of pseudobactin B10. Hybrid proteins that contained at least the @entity1472 -terminal 516 @entity1522 of mature FhuE were active as a receptor for @entity71221 and interacted with the @entity526 TonB protein. A chimeric PupA-FhuE protein, containing the @entity1472 -terminal 94 @entity1472 acids of mature PupA, was also active as a @entity71221 receptor, but only in the presence of @entity15250 TonB. It is concluded that the @entity1473 -terminal domain of ferric-pseudobactin receptors is important, but not sufficient, for ligand interaction, whereas binding of @entity71221 by the FhuE receptor is not dependent on this domain. Apparently, the ligand-binding sites of different receptors are located in different regions of the proteins. Furthermore, species-specific TonB binding by the PupA receptor is dependent on the @entity1472 -terminal domain of the receptor.

title: Localization of functional domains in the @entity526 @entity71221 receptor FhuE and the XXXX ferric-pseudobactin 358 receptor PupA.

answer: @entity15250 :: (303,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas putida']