abstract: @entity15675 is a modified form of @entity1 placental glucocerebrosidase used as enzyme replacement therapy for @entity1 with @entity1120 , in whom functional glucocerebrosidase is deficient. @entity15675 has provided a breakthrough in treatment for @entity1 with this relatively rare disease. With @entity15675 infusions typical disease manifestations are ameliorated or normalised: @entity828 is reduced, haematological parameters improve, and @entity1 experience an increased quality of life usually within 4 to 6 months of treatment. Parameters of @entity79 also respond, but generally over a longer period of treatment. @entity15675 is well tolerated by @entity1 and adults, with few adverse effects reported. Seroconversion occurs in approximately 15% of @entity1 on high-dose therapy, but does not appear to affect the efficacy of treatment. Several dosage regimens have been used to deliver @entity15675 , and the comparative benefits of these remain controversial. High-dose regimens of 60 IU/kg bodyweight administered every 2 weeks are clearly effective; however, smaller dosages given more frequently are also effective and incur a greatly reduced acquisition cost. @entity1 responses are variable, and the dosage regimen should be tailored to individual needs. Dosage regimens may be considerably reduced for the maintenance phase of treatment, but clinical experience is as yet insufficient to establish the minimum dosages required in the long term. Acquisition cost of @entity15675 is  US3.70 per unit (1994 US dollars); thus, a dosage regimen of 60 IU/kg bodyweight administered every 2 weeks for a @entity1 weighing 70kg costs  US404,040 per year. The minimal costs per quality-adjusted life year saved (QALY) have been estimated for 3 dosage regimens over a 10-year period. Cost per QALY was  US147,000 for 60 IU/kg bodyweight administered every 2 weeks,  US75,000 for 30 IU/kg every 2 weeks, and  US49,000 for 2.3 IU/kg administered 3 times per week. These costs were calculated assuming immediate death with no treatment, which suggests that the actual costs per QALY for most @entity1 with type 1 or 3 disease are likely to be much higher. Drug administration costs may become a significant part of the cost during maintenance therapy; in addition, possible cost savings due to increased @entity1 productivity and reduced palliative treatments remain unresolved. Although some @entity1 may obtain increased benefit from high-dosage regimens, the very high cost may preclude general use of these regimens. Healthcare resources consumed by @entity15675 therapy represent a large opportunity cost for other therapeutic areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX . A pharmacoeconomic appraisal of its use in the treatment of @entity1120 .

answer: @entity15675 :: (2629,Gene) :: ['Alglucerase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coiling of @entity438 with @entity902 coils sometimes results in relatively poor angiographic results which may be is related to low packing volumes achieved. Hydrogel coated expandable coils (HydroCoil) have been shown to achieve better @entity439 volume filling which may potentially result in lower recanalization rates. Currently there is limited clinical data on their safety and efficacy in @entity439 treatment. METHODS: We analyzed data from a prospectively collected database on @entity1 treated at the Toronto Western Hospital. The analysis included the @entity1 ' characteristics, @entity439 size, packing, procedure related complications, recanalization and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity439 were treated with HydroCoils only or in combination with other coils. The average calculated filling of the @entity439 volume was 74-76%. On the immediate post treatment angiograms, 44% of the @entity439 were completely obliterated, 33% had a residual neck and, in 20%, a residual @entity439 was seen. Follow-up imaging was available in 23 cases. On imaging follow-up (from 2 days to 11 months) one dissecting @entity439 had recanalized. There were six technical/medical complications with no clinical consequences. Two clinically significant procedural related complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: HydroCoils can be used effectively to treat @entity438 . The volume expansion allows for much greater packing than described for bare @entity902 coils, which may result in better long-term results. The recanalization rate is low but the limited follow-up does not allow for any conclusion regarding the long-term outcome. The complication rate is similar to larger current series using bare @entity902 coils.

title: Treatment of XXXX with hydrogel coated expandable coils.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'berry type aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this work was the study of in vivo dosimetry performed in a series of 54 @entity1 receiving @entity348 ( @entity348 ) at the Salah-Azaiz Institute of Tunis since 2004. In vivo dosimetry measurements were compared to analytically calculated doses from monitor units delivered. @entity1 AND METHOD: The irradiation was conducted by a linear accelerator (Clinac 1800, Varian, Palo Alto, USA) using nominal X-rays energies of 6 MV and 18 MV, depending on the thickness of the @entity1 at the abdomen. The dose was measured by semi-conductors p-type EPD-20. These diodes were calibrated in advance with an ionization chamber "PTW Farmer" type of 0.6cm(3) and were placed on the surface of plexiglas phantom in the same @entity348 conditions. A study of dosimetric characteristics of semi-conductors EPD-20 was carried out as a function of beam direction and temperature. Afterwards, we conducted a comparative analysis of doses measured using these detectors during irradiation to those calculated retrospectively from monitor units delivered to each @entity1 conditioned by @entity348 . RESULTS: Experience showed that semi-conductors are sensitive to the angle of beam radiation (0-90 degrees ) and the temperature (22-40 degrees C). The maximum variation is respectively 5 and 7%, but in our irradiation conditions these correction factors are less than 1%. The analysis of the results of the in vivo dosimetry had shown that the ratio of the average measured doses and analytically calculated doses at the abdomen, mediastina, right lung and head are 1.005, 1.007, 1.0135 and 1.008 with a standard deviation "type A" respectively of 3.04, 2.37, 7.09 et 4.15%. CONCLUSION: In vivo dosimetry by semi-conductors is in perfect agreement with dosimetry by calculation. However, in vivo dosimetry using semiconductors is the only technique that can reflect the dose actually received instantly by the @entity1 during @entity348 given the many factors that calculation can not take into account: @entity1 and organs motions and the heterogeneity of the targets.

title: [In vivo dosimetry study of semi-conductors EPD-20 in XXXX technique].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total body irradiation']


abstract: We have shown that expiratory flows increase when expirations are rapidly interrupted in stable @entity748 @entity1 . We hypothesized that a similar increase could be obtained in @entity1 with acute exacerbation of @entity565 treated in the Emergency Room. A total of 30 @entity748 @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups, the study and the control groups. @entity1 in the study group were connected to a device with an inspiratory line designed to administer pressurized aerosols. The expiratory line passed through a valve completely interrupting flow at 4 Hz, with an open/closed time ratio of 10/3. The control group @entity1 were also connected to the device, but with the valve kept open. Mean expiratory flow at tidal volume (MEFTV) was measured under basal conditions and at 4, 8 and 12 minutes after connecting the @entity1 to the device. All @entity1 received standard treatment throughout the procedure. At all time points MEFTV increased more in the study than in the control group (p < 0.003 by two-way ANOVA). There was no residual effect after disconnection from the device. We conclude that TEFI can rapidly improve expiratory flows in @entity1 with acute exacerbations of @entity565 , while pharmacologic interventions proceed.

title: Transient expiratory flow interruptions (TEFI) increase expiratory flow in acute XXXX exacerbation.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Claudins are integral membrane proteins of the tight junction structures expressed by epithelial and endothelial cells. The present study has evaluated the expression of @entity56905 in 10 normal @entity235 hepatoid glands and in 67 hepatoid glands with @entity5072 and @entity1313 . The lesions studied included normal hepatoid glands (n = 10), @entity4383 (n = 10), @entity652 (n = 12), @entity189 (n = 15), @entity189 (n = 15) and @entity189 (n = 15). There was an intensive expression of @entity56905 in normal @entity235 hepatoid glands as well as in @entity1373 and @entity652 . @entity56905 was detected as a well-localised linear circumferential membranous staining pattern of epithelial cells (mature hepatoid cells) in normal hepatoid glands, @entity1373 and @entity652 . In @entity4383 and @entity652 , the reserve cells showed membrane positivity for the @entity56905 molecule. There was a weaker expression in @entity189 . In the @entity189 , the basaloid reserve cells never expressed the @entity56905 molecule. The multiple small parts of @entity189 in which the cells exhibited typical hepatoid features showed a well-localised linear circumferential membranous staining pattern for @entity56905 . The numerical score for cellular expression of @entity56905 was higher in @entity189 than in @entity189 , but moderately lower than in @entity652 . The anaplastic, poorly differentiated @entity189 showed an overexpression of @entity56905 . These results suggest that low @entity56905 expression in @entity189 is a molecular characteristic indicative of increasing cellular disorientation, @entity1319 and invasion by @entity5 cells, and @entity56905 seems to be helpful in distinguishing @entity189 from @entity189 and @entity189 of the hepatoid gland. In addition, @entity56905 can help distinguish @entity189 from @entity189 of the @entity235 hepatoid gland.

title: Expression of the XXXX molecule in benign and malignant @entity235 @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias', 'perianal gland hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['differentiated carcinoma', 'epitheliomas', 'undifferentiated carcinomas', 'differentiated carcinomas', 'hepatoid gland carcinomas', 'epithelioma', 'anaplastic carcinomas', 'hepatoid gland epitheliomas']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular hyperplasia', 'nodular hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['detachment motility']

answer: @entity56905 :: (100856416,Gene) :: ['claudin-4']


abstract: Claudins are integral membrane proteins of the tight junction structures expressed by epithelial and endothelial cells. The present study has evaluated the expression of @entity56905 in 10 normal @entity235 hepatoid glands and in 67 hepatoid glands with @entity5072 and @entity1313 . The lesions studied included normal hepatoid glands (n = 10), @entity4383 (n = 10), @entity652 (n = 12), @entity189 (n = 15), @entity189 (n = 15) and @entity189 (n = 15). There was an intensive expression of @entity56905 in normal @entity235 hepatoid glands as well as in @entity1373 and @entity652 . @entity56905 was detected as a well-localised linear circumferential membranous staining pattern of epithelial cells (mature hepatoid cells) in normal hepatoid glands, @entity1373 and @entity652 . In @entity4383 and @entity652 , the reserve cells showed membrane positivity for the @entity56905 molecule. There was a weaker expression in @entity189 . In the @entity189 , the basaloid reserve cells never expressed the @entity56905 molecule. The multiple small parts of @entity189 in which the cells exhibited typical hepatoid features showed a well-localised linear circumferential membranous staining pattern for @entity56905 . The numerical score for cellular expression of @entity56905 was higher in @entity189 than in @entity189 , but moderately lower than in @entity652 . The anaplastic, poorly differentiated @entity189 showed an overexpression of @entity56905 . These results suggest that low @entity56905 expression in @entity189 is a molecular characteristic indicative of increasing cellular disorientation, @entity1319 and invasion by @entity5 cells, and @entity56905 seems to be helpful in distinguishing @entity189 from @entity189 and @entity189 of the hepatoid gland. In addition, @entity56905 can help distinguish @entity189 from @entity189 of the @entity235 hepatoid gland.

title: Expression of the @entity56905 molecule in benign and malignant @entity235 XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hepatoid gland tumours']


abstract: Claudins are integral membrane proteins of the tight junction structures expressed by epithelial and endothelial cells. The present study has evaluated the expression of @entity56905 in 10 normal @entity235 hepatoid glands and in 67 hepatoid glands with @entity5072 and @entity1313 . The lesions studied included normal hepatoid glands (n = 10), @entity4383 (n = 10), @entity652 (n = 12), @entity189 (n = 15), @entity189 (n = 15) and @entity189 (n = 15). There was an intensive expression of @entity56905 in normal @entity235 hepatoid glands as well as in @entity1373 and @entity652 . @entity56905 was detected as a well-localised linear circumferential membranous staining pattern of epithelial cells (mature hepatoid cells) in normal hepatoid glands, @entity1373 and @entity652 . In @entity4383 and @entity652 , the reserve cells showed membrane positivity for the @entity56905 molecule. There was a weaker expression in @entity189 . In the @entity189 , the basaloid reserve cells never expressed the @entity56905 molecule. The multiple small parts of @entity189 in which the cells exhibited typical hepatoid features showed a well-localised linear circumferential membranous staining pattern for @entity56905 . The numerical score for cellular expression of @entity56905 was higher in @entity189 than in @entity189 , but moderately lower than in @entity652 . The anaplastic, poorly differentiated @entity189 showed an overexpression of @entity56905 . These results suggest that low @entity56905 expression in @entity189 is a molecular characteristic indicative of increasing cellular disorientation, @entity1319 and invasion by @entity5 cells, and @entity56905 seems to be helpful in distinguishing @entity189 from @entity189 and @entity189 of the hepatoid gland. In addition, @entity56905 can help distinguish @entity189 from @entity189 of the @entity235 hepatoid gland.

title: Expression of the @entity56905 molecule in benign and malignant XXXX @entity5 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: A planning study to compare @entity499 ( @entity499 ) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for the treatment of anal canal @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen (8 males and 8 females) @entity1 with @entity5 previously treated radically were identified. @entity499 and IMRT plans were generated and dosimetric comparisons of the plans were performed. The planning goals were to deliver 54Gy to the @entity5 ( @entity343 (54Gy)) and 48Gy to the nodes at risk ( @entity343 (Node)) in 30 fractions. RESULTS: PTVs: @entity499 plans were more homogeneous for both @entity1 and @entity1 . Male @entity1 : @entity499 vs. IMRT: D(max): 55.87+/-0.58 vs. 59.17+/-3.24 (p=0.036); D(min): 52.91+/-0.36 vs. 44.09+/-6.84 (p=0.012); female @entity1 : @entity499 vs. IMRT: D(max): 56.14+/-0.71 vs. 59.47+/-0.81 (p=0.012); D(min): 52.36+/-0.87 vs. 50.97+/-1.42 (p=0.028). OARs: In general, @entity499 plans delivered a lower dose to the peritoneal cavity, external genitalia and the bladder and IMRT plans resulted in greater sparing of the pelvic bones (iliac crest/femur) for both @entity1 and @entity1 . Iliac crest/femur: the difference was significant only for the mean V10Gy of iliac crest in @entity1 (p< or =0.012). External genitalia: @entity499 plans achieved better sparing in @entity1 compared to @entity1 (p< or =0.046). For @entity1 , the mean doses were 18.96+/-3.17 and 15.72+/-3.21 for the @entity499 and IMRT plan, respectively (p< or =0.017). Skin: both techniques achieved comparable sparing of the non-target skin (p=NS). CONCLUSIONS: @entity499 and IMRT techniques achieved comparable target dose coverage and organ sparing, whereas @entity499 plans were more homogeneous for both @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: A treatment planning study comparing XXXX with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for the treatment of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'helical tomotherapy']

answer: @entity499 :: (MESH:C536217,Disease) :: ['helical tomotherapy']


abstract: PURPOSE: A planning study to compare @entity499 ( @entity499 ) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for the treatment of anal canal @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen (8 males and 8 females) @entity1 with @entity5 previously treated radically were identified. @entity499 and IMRT plans were generated and dosimetric comparisons of the plans were performed. The planning goals were to deliver 54Gy to the @entity5 ( @entity343 (54Gy)) and 48Gy to the nodes at risk ( @entity343 (Node)) in 30 fractions. RESULTS: PTVs: @entity499 plans were more homogeneous for both @entity1 and @entity1 . Male @entity1 : @entity499 vs. IMRT: D(max): 55.87+/-0.58 vs. 59.17+/-3.24 (p=0.036); D(min): 52.91+/-0.36 vs. 44.09+/-6.84 (p=0.012); female @entity1 : @entity499 vs. IMRT: D(max): 56.14+/-0.71 vs. 59.47+/-0.81 (p=0.012); D(min): 52.36+/-0.87 vs. 50.97+/-1.42 (p=0.028). OARs: In general, @entity499 plans delivered a lower dose to the peritoneal cavity, external genitalia and the bladder and IMRT plans resulted in greater sparing of the pelvic bones (iliac crest/femur) for both @entity1 and @entity1 . Iliac crest/femur: the difference was significant only for the mean V10Gy of iliac crest in @entity1 (p< or =0.012). External genitalia: @entity499 plans achieved better sparing in @entity1 compared to @entity1 (p< or =0.046). For @entity1 , the mean doses were 18.96+/-3.17 and 15.72+/-3.21 for the @entity499 and IMRT plan, respectively (p< or =0.017). Skin: both techniques achieved comparable sparing of the non-target skin (p=NS). CONCLUSIONS: @entity499 and IMRT techniques achieved comparable target dose coverage and organ sparing, whereas @entity499 plans were more homogeneous for both @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: A treatment planning study comparing @entity499 with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['anal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial aimed to investigate the efficacy of laser therapy in the treatment of @entity923 ( @entity923 ). BACKGROUND DATA: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been found to have positive effects in the treatment of @entity85 . METHODS: A total of 81 @entity1 were included in this study. Diagnosis of @entity923 was based on both clinical examination and electromyographic (EMG) study. @entity1 were randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 (n = 41) underwent laser therapy (7 joules/2 min) over the carpal tunnel area. Group 2 (n = 40) received placebo laser therapy. All @entity1 received therapy five times per week, for a total of 10 sessions. @entity1 also used a wrist splint each night. @entity1 were assessed according to @entity158 , hand-pinch grip strength, and functional capacity. @entity158 was evaluated by Visual Analog Scale (VAS; day-night). Hand grip was measured by Jamar dynometer, and pinch grip was measured by pinchmeter. Functional capacity was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire for severity of symptoms. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 (70 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) was 49.3 +/- 11.0 (range, 26-78). After therapy there were statistically significant improvements in VAS, pinch grip, and functional capacity measurement in both groups (p < 0.001). Hand grip was found to have been improved in the laser group. In EMG, there were statistically improvements in sensory nerve velocity, and sensory and motor distal latancies in the laser group (p < 0.001). Only sensory nerve velocity was meaningful in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: In using LLLT, (1) there was no difference relative to @entity158 relief and functional capacity during the follow-up in @entity923 @entity1 ; (2) there were positive effects on hand and pinch grip strengths.

title: Laser therapy in the treatment of XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['CTS and various musculoskeletal conditions']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that bind to complementary/partially complementary sites in the 3' untranslated regions of target genes to regulate protein production of the target transcript and to induce mRNA degradation or mRNA cleavage. The ability to perform accurate, high-throughput identification of physiologically active @entity11216 targets would enable functional characterization of individual miRs. Current target prediction methods include traditional approaches that are based on specific base-pairing rules in the @entity11216 's seed region and implementation of cross-species conservation of the target site, and machine learning (ML) methods that explore patterns that contrast true and false @entity11216 -mRNA duplexes. However, in the case of the traditional methods research shows that some seed region matches that are conserved are false positives and that some of the experimentally validated target sites are not conserved. RESULTS: We present HuMiTar, a computational method for identifying common targets of miRs, which is based on a scoring function that considers base-pairing for both seed and non-seed positions for @entity1 @entity11216 -mRNA duplexes. Our design shows that certain non-seed @entity11216 nucleotides, such as 14, 18, 13, 11, and 17, are characterized by a strong bias towards formation of @entity1264 . We contrasted HuMiTar with several representative competing methods on two sets of @entity1 @entity11216 targets and a set of ten @entity463 oncogenes. Comparison with the two best performing traditional methods, PicTar and TargetScanS, and a representative ML method that considers the non-seed positions, NBmiRTar, shows that HuMiTar predictions include majority of the predictions of the other three methods. At the same time, the proposed method is also capable of finding more true positive targets as a trade-off for an increased number of predictions. Genome-wide predictions show that the proposed method is characterized by 1.99 signal-to-noise ratio and linear, with respect to the length of the mRNA sequence, computational complexity. The ROC analysis shows that HuMiTar obtains results comparable with PicTar, which are characterized by high true positive rates that are coupled with moderate values of false positive rates. CONCLUSION: The proposed HuMiTar method constitutes a step towards providing an efficient model for studying translational gene regulation by miRs.

title: HuMiTar: a sequence-based method for prediction of XXXX microRNA targets.

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['Watson-Crick pairing']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the value of the Hardman Index and the Glasgow @entity439 Score in predicting @entity86 in @entity1 with @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ), and to assess the correlation between the two. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 admitted with @entity1755 were identified from a hospital database. Hospital records were reviewed and a retrospective Hardman Index and Glasgow @entity439 Score was calculated. Poor postoperative prognosis was considered at a Glasgow @entity439 Score > 95 or a Hardman Index >or= 3. RESULTS: A total of 96 @entity1 with a median age of 77.5 years (interquartile range, 71-83 years) and a male:female ratio of 2:1 were identified. Of these, 37 @entity1 were not offered surgery and this was associated with 100% mortality. Of the 59 operated @entity1 , 36 (61%) @entity1 died postoperatively. Operated @entity1 had a median Glasgow @entity439 Score of 91 (interquartile range, 77-101) and a Hardman Index of 2 (interquartile range, 1-2). In this group, a Glasgow @entity439 Score > 95 or a Hardman Index >or= 3 was not associated with mortality (P = 0.10 and P = 0.79, respectively). Correlation between the scoring systems was poor (+0.42 tau(b)). CONCLUSIONS: The scoring systems assessed did not help predict the outcome of @entity1755 surgery, and correlated poorly with each other. They do not aid clinical judgement.

title: Do scoring systems help in predicting survival following XXXX surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative mortality']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'rAAA']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor (Ad- @entity6667 )165 gene transfer against @entity75 ( @entity75 ) in neonatal @entity35 . METHODS: Ad- @entity6667 recombinant adenovirus was constructed by bacterial homologous recombination technology. Seven-day-old @entity35 were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham-operated (n=20), @entity75 (n=25), buffer-treated (n=20), and Ad- @entity6667 -treated (n=25). The @entity75 model was prepared by permanent occlusion of left common carotid artery, followed by exposure to 8% @entity26 for 2 hrs. In the Ad- @entity6667 -treated and the Buffer-treated groups, 2 microL recombinant adenovirus suspension or buffer was injected into the left sensorimotor cortex of the @entity35 brain 3 days after @entity75 . Seven days after transplantation, @entity1655 mRNA expression was detected using RT-PCR. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated @entity14322 triphosphate @entity3406 end labeling (TUNEL). @entity6098 and @entity6667 protein were detected using immunohistochemistry. Microvascular density in the cerebral cortex was measured based on @entity6098 positive cells. A radial arm maze test was performed from 30 postnatal days to evaluate long-term learning and memory functions. At 35 postnatal days, the @entity35 were sacrificed for cerebral histological examinations by @entity1710 and @entity1711 . RESULTS: The expression of @entity1655 mRNA increased in the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group more than in the untreated @entity75 and the buffer-treated groups (p<0.05). The number of apoptotic neurons was less in the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group compared with that in the untreated @entity75 and the buffer-treated groups (p<0.05). Microvascular density and @entity6667 positive cells increased in the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group compared with that in the untreated @entity75 and the buffer-treated groups (p<0.05). In the radial arm maze test, the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group had more improved achievements than the @entity75 and the buffer groups (p<0.05). @entity528 and @entity39 were lessened in the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group compared with the @entity75 and the buffer groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ad- @entity6667 gene transfer can increase the expression of @entity6667 mRNA and @entity6667 protein, decrease neuronal apoptosis, and increase angiopoiesis in the brain. This attenuates @entity75 and improves long-term learning and memory functions in neonatal @entity35 after @entity75 .

title: [Adenovirus-mediated XXXX gene transfer has neuroprotective effects in neonatal @entity35 following @entity75 ].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage', 'brain damage', 'HIBD']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity14322 :: ('MESH:D003857', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity1655 :: (MESH:C467484,Chemical) :: ['VEGF165']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor (Ad- @entity6667 )165 gene transfer against @entity75 ( @entity75 ) in neonatal @entity35 . METHODS: Ad- @entity6667 recombinant adenovirus was constructed by bacterial homologous recombination technology. Seven-day-old @entity35 were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham-operated (n=20), @entity75 (n=25), buffer-treated (n=20), and Ad- @entity6667 -treated (n=25). The @entity75 model was prepared by permanent occlusion of left common carotid artery, followed by exposure to 8% @entity26 for 2 hrs. In the Ad- @entity6667 -treated and the Buffer-treated groups, 2 microL recombinant adenovirus suspension or buffer was injected into the left sensorimotor cortex of the @entity35 brain 3 days after @entity75 . Seven days after transplantation, @entity1655 mRNA expression was detected using RT-PCR. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated @entity14322 triphosphate @entity3406 end labeling (TUNEL). @entity6098 and @entity6667 protein were detected using immunohistochemistry. Microvascular density in the cerebral cortex was measured based on @entity6098 positive cells. A radial arm maze test was performed from 30 postnatal days to evaluate long-term learning and memory functions. At 35 postnatal days, the @entity35 were sacrificed for cerebral histological examinations by @entity1710 and @entity1711 . RESULTS: The expression of @entity1655 mRNA increased in the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group more than in the untreated @entity75 and the buffer-treated groups (p<0.05). The number of apoptotic neurons was less in the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group compared with that in the untreated @entity75 and the buffer-treated groups (p<0.05). Microvascular density and @entity6667 positive cells increased in the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group compared with that in the untreated @entity75 and the buffer-treated groups (p<0.05). In the radial arm maze test, the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group had more improved achievements than the @entity75 and the buffer groups (p<0.05). @entity528 and @entity39 were lessened in the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group compared with the @entity75 and the buffer groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ad- @entity6667 gene transfer can increase the expression of @entity6667 mRNA and @entity6667 protein, decrease neuronal apoptosis, and increase angiopoiesis in the brain. This attenuates @entity75 and improves long-term learning and memory functions in neonatal @entity35 after @entity75 .

title: [Adenovirus-mediated @entity1655 gene transfer has neuroprotective effects in neonatal @entity35 following XXXX ].

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor (Ad- @entity6667 )165 gene transfer against @entity75 ( @entity75 ) in neonatal @entity35 . METHODS: Ad- @entity6667 recombinant adenovirus was constructed by bacterial homologous recombination technology. Seven-day-old @entity35 were randomly assigned to 4 groups: sham-operated (n=20), @entity75 (n=25), buffer-treated (n=20), and Ad- @entity6667 -treated (n=25). The @entity75 model was prepared by permanent occlusion of left common carotid artery, followed by exposure to 8% @entity26 for 2 hrs. In the Ad- @entity6667 -treated and the Buffer-treated groups, 2 microL recombinant adenovirus suspension or buffer was injected into the left sensorimotor cortex of the @entity35 brain 3 days after @entity75 . Seven days after transplantation, @entity1655 mRNA expression was detected using RT-PCR. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated @entity14322 triphosphate @entity3406 end labeling (TUNEL). @entity6098 and @entity6667 protein were detected using immunohistochemistry. Microvascular density in the cerebral cortex was measured based on @entity6098 positive cells. A radial arm maze test was performed from 30 postnatal days to evaluate long-term learning and memory functions. At 35 postnatal days, the @entity35 were sacrificed for cerebral histological examinations by @entity1710 and @entity1711 . RESULTS: The expression of @entity1655 mRNA increased in the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group more than in the untreated @entity75 and the buffer-treated groups (p<0.05). The number of apoptotic neurons was less in the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group compared with that in the untreated @entity75 and the buffer-treated groups (p<0.05). Microvascular density and @entity6667 positive cells increased in the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group compared with that in the untreated @entity75 and the buffer-treated groups (p<0.05). In the radial arm maze test, the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group had more improved achievements than the @entity75 and the buffer groups (p<0.05). @entity528 and @entity39 were lessened in the Ad- @entity6667 -treated group compared with the @entity75 and the buffer groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ad- @entity6667 gene transfer can increase the expression of @entity6667 mRNA and @entity6667 protein, decrease neuronal apoptosis, and increase angiopoiesis in the brain. This attenuates @entity75 and improves long-term learning and memory functions in neonatal @entity35 after @entity75 .

title: [Adenovirus-mediated @entity1655 gene transfer has neuroprotective effects in neonatal XXXX following @entity75 ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Angioplasty for occluded coronary arteries is less successful than for sub-total stenoses. The Magnarail system (Schneider) has been designed to improve success rates. We used the system in 112 @entity1 with @entity1563 (TIMI flow < or = 1) which the operator felt suitable for angioplasty. It was successful (defined as < 50% stenosis) in 75.9% overall, 65.9% in occlusions > 3 months and 83.3% < 3 months. Intimal dissection occurred in 26 instances, more commonly after right coronary angioplasties. One @entity1 died and one procedure was complicated by coronary perforation treated surgically. The procedure was less successful in the right coronary artery (p = 0.02). Coronary calcification (p = 0.03), the absence of a @entity432 (p = 0.04) and the absence of collaterals from another vascular territory (p = 0.04) were all associated with angiographic failure. The mean fluoroscopy time for the procedures was 22.8 +/- 16.9 minutes. The Magnarail system seems highly effective in recanalization of @entity1563 .

title: Recanalization of XXXX using the Magnarail system: technique and procedural outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusions']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['tapered occlusion']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary occlusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognosis of @entity1 with acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been fully investigated in the drug-eluting stent (DES) era. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of admission serum @entity1011 level on short-term outcomes in @entity1 with acute @entity583 undergoing DES-based primary PCI. METHODS: Primary PCI with DES implantation was attempted in 619 consecutive @entity583 @entity1 within 12 hours of symptom onset. Among them, 86 @entity1 had a serum @entity1011 level > or = 115 micromol/L on admission ( @entity8 group), and the remaining 533 @entity1 had normal renal function (non- @entity8 group). The primary endpoint was 30-day major adverse @entity299 (MACE, including death, non-fatal reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization), and the secondary endpoint was subacute stent @entity715 . RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity8 group were older than those in the non- @entity8 group. There are more female @entity1 in the @entity8 group and they had a history of @entity101 , @entity583 and revascularization. The occurrence rates of Killip class > or = 2 (29.1% vs 18.6%, P = 0.02) and multi-vessel (62.8% vs 44.5%, P = 0.001) and @entity66 (32.6% vs 18.2%, P = 0.002), in-hospital mortality (9.3% vs 3.8%, P = 0.03), and MACE rate during hospitalization (17.4% vs 7.7%, P = 0.006) were higher in the @entity8 group than those in the non- @entity8 group. At a 30-day clinical follow-up, the MACE-free survival rate was significantly reduced in the @entity8 group (76.7% vs 89.9%, P = 0.0003). Angiographic stent @entity715 occurred in 3 (3.5%) and 7 (1.3%) of @entity1 in the @entity8 group and non- @entity8 group, respectively (P = 0.15). Multivariate analysis revealed that the serum @entity1011 level > or = 115 micromol/L on admission was an independent predictor for MACE rate at a 30-day follow-up (Hazard ratio (HR) 3.31, 95% CI 1.19 - 9.18, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Despite similar prevalence of stent @entity715 at a 30-day clinical follow-up, the short-term prognosis of @entity583 @entity1 with elevated serum @entity1011 on admission undergoing DES-based primary PCI remains unfavorable.

title: Impact of admission XXXX level on clinical outcomes of @entity1 with acute @entity583 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognosis of @entity1 with acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been fully investigated in the drug-eluting stent (DES) era. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of admission serum @entity1011 level on short-term outcomes in @entity1 with acute @entity583 undergoing DES-based primary PCI. METHODS: Primary PCI with DES implantation was attempted in 619 consecutive @entity583 @entity1 within 12 hours of symptom onset. Among them, 86 @entity1 had a serum @entity1011 level > or = 115 micromol/L on admission ( @entity8 group), and the remaining 533 @entity1 had normal renal function (non- @entity8 group). The primary endpoint was 30-day major adverse @entity299 (MACE, including death, non-fatal reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization), and the secondary endpoint was subacute stent @entity715 . RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity8 group were older than those in the non- @entity8 group. There are more female @entity1 in the @entity8 group and they had a history of @entity101 , @entity583 and revascularization. The occurrence rates of Killip class > or = 2 (29.1% vs 18.6%, P = 0.02) and multi-vessel (62.8% vs 44.5%, P = 0.001) and @entity66 (32.6% vs 18.2%, P = 0.002), in-hospital mortality (9.3% vs 3.8%, P = 0.03), and MACE rate during hospitalization (17.4% vs 7.7%, P = 0.006) were higher in the @entity8 group than those in the non- @entity8 group. At a 30-day clinical follow-up, the MACE-free survival rate was significantly reduced in the @entity8 group (76.7% vs 89.9%, P = 0.0003). Angiographic stent @entity715 occurred in 3 (3.5%) and 7 (1.3%) of @entity1 in the @entity8 group and non- @entity8 group, respectively (P = 0.15). Multivariate analysis revealed that the serum @entity1011 level > or = 115 micromol/L on admission was an independent predictor for MACE rate at a 30-day follow-up (Hazard ratio (HR) 3.31, 95% CI 1.19 - 9.18, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Despite similar prevalence of stent @entity715 at a 30-day clinical follow-up, the short-term prognosis of @entity583 @entity1 with elevated serum @entity1011 on admission undergoing DES-based primary PCI remains unfavorable.

title: Impact of admission @entity1011 level on clinical outcomes of @entity1 with acute XXXX undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation.

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognosis of @entity1 with acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been fully investigated in the drug-eluting stent (DES) era. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of admission serum @entity1011 level on short-term outcomes in @entity1 with acute @entity583 undergoing DES-based primary PCI. METHODS: Primary PCI with DES implantation was attempted in 619 consecutive @entity583 @entity1 within 12 hours of symptom onset. Among them, 86 @entity1 had a serum @entity1011 level > or = 115 micromol/L on admission ( @entity8 group), and the remaining 533 @entity1 had normal renal function (non- @entity8 group). The primary endpoint was 30-day major adverse @entity299 (MACE, including death, non-fatal reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization), and the secondary endpoint was subacute stent @entity715 . RESULTS: @entity1 in the @entity8 group were older than those in the non- @entity8 group. There are more female @entity1 in the @entity8 group and they had a history of @entity101 , @entity583 and revascularization. The occurrence rates of Killip class > or = 2 (29.1% vs 18.6%, P = 0.02) and multi-vessel (62.8% vs 44.5%, P = 0.001) and @entity66 (32.6% vs 18.2%, P = 0.002), in-hospital mortality (9.3% vs 3.8%, P = 0.03), and MACE rate during hospitalization (17.4% vs 7.7%, P = 0.006) were higher in the @entity8 group than those in the non- @entity8 group. At a 30-day clinical follow-up, the MACE-free survival rate was significantly reduced in the @entity8 group (76.7% vs 89.9%, P = 0.0003). Angiographic stent @entity715 occurred in 3 (3.5%) and 7 (1.3%) of @entity1 in the @entity8 group and non- @entity8 group, respectively (P = 0.15). Multivariate analysis revealed that the serum @entity1011 level > or = 115 micromol/L on admission was an independent predictor for MACE rate at a 30-day follow-up (Hazard ratio (HR) 3.31, 95% CI 1.19 - 9.18, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Despite similar prevalence of stent @entity715 at a 30-day clinical follow-up, the short-term prognosis of @entity583 @entity1 with elevated serum @entity1011 on admission undergoing DES-based primary PCI remains unfavorable.

title: Impact of admission @entity1011 level on clinical outcomes of XXXX with acute @entity583 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stent implantation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Descriptive and experimental evaluations of @entity5 support services require an outcome questionnaire that is valid, responsive to change, feasible and interpretable. This paper describes the development of such a tool. DEVELOPMENT OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE: A validated individualised measure MYMOP was adapted and piloted in two centres, and a multidisciplinary research team used this experience to develop the new questionnaire, Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCaW). MYCaW requires @entity1 to nominate one or two concerns and, using a seven-point scale, to score these concerns and their general feeling of wellbeing. The follow-up questionnaire also includes the open question 'Reflecting on your time with this Centre, what were the most important aspects for you?' INVESTIGATING VALIDITY: During 2003 the two centres administered MYCaW to all new @entity1 , before and after a course of treatment. @entity1 nominated concerns that spanned physical, emotional and psychosocial concerns. For @entity1 completing follow-up questionnaires (n=254 at the Cavendish Centre and n=267 at the Bristol Cancer Help Centre), the mean change (S.D.) for the first concern score was 2.9 (1.63) and 1.91 (1.58) for the second concern score 2.5 (1.73)/1.77 (1.96) and for the wellbeing score 1.4 (1.8)/0.61 (1.52), respectively. The open question collected valuable extra data. DISCUSSION: MYCaW is a questionnaire that is appropriate for the service offered, acceptable to @entity1 , practitioners and researchers, and is responsive to change. Further validation work is planned.

title: Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCaW): an individualised questionnaire for evaluating outcome in XXXX support care that includes complementary therapies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'participants']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) in @entity1 treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) on prospective institutional trials. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with medically inoperable stage I @entity1149 who participated in prospective phase I and II trials of SBRT, had >or=2 years of follow-up, and received FDG-PET imaging are the focus of this evaluation. Fifty-seven of 58 @entity1 received pre-SBRT FDG-PET to confirm stage I status. All @entity1 received stereotactic body frame immobilization and treatment with 7-10 photon beams. SBRT total doses ranged from 24 to 72Gy in three fractions. No elective nodal irradiation was undertaken. Regular follow-up with planned CT imaging was performed on all @entity1 . Post-SBRT FDG-PET was not mandated by protocol and was typically ordered upon concern for disease recurrence. Thirty-eight post-SBRT PET studies were performed in 28 @entity1 at a median 17.3 months following SBRT. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 42.5 months, the 3-year actuarial overall survival and local control for this select subset of our SBRT experience were 48.9% and 74.8%, respectively. Pre-SBRT FDG-PET SUV did not predict 3-year overall survival or local control. Fourteen of 57 @entity1 eventually failed in nodal stations by CT and/or PET. Isolated first site of failure was nodal in 6 @entity1 (10%). Out of 28 @entity1 with post-SBRT PET, 4 (14%) had delayed PET imaging (22-26 months after SBRT) showing moderate @entity2495 activity (SUV 2.5-5.07), but no evidence of local, nodal, or distant recurrence by clinical examination and conventional imaging performed 20-26 months following these concerning PET findings. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated nodal recurrence following PET-staged I @entity1149 treated with SBRT is uncommon. Moderate post-SBRT PET @entity2495 activity may persist 2 years following treatment without definite evidence of recurrence. Further study is needed to confirm these results in larger populations with longer follow-up.

title: FDG-PET and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: The primary immune response to Helix pamatia haemocyanin (HPH) was investigated in sixty-one @entity1 with various clinical signs of @entity320 and compared to that of controls. Anti-HPH antibody response was only found abnormal in @entity1 with @entity66 and visceral metastases, apparent from decreased 7S and increased 19S antibody levels. In vitro HPH-induced lymphocyte transformation, in contrast, was not only decreased in this late stage, but also in part of the @entity1 in the beginning of the disease and was then correlated with subsequent @entity5 recurrence within 6 months. Generally, @entity1 with positive lymphocyte transformation showed significantly higher 7S anti-HPH titres (mean 3-3 +/- 2-4 than @entity1 without (1-7 +/- 1-6). In contrast to the lymphocyte transformation reaction, anti-HPH antibody response was not correlated with subsequent @entity5 recurrence. The same phenomenon of decreased 7S and increased 19S antibody response as in the @entity320 @entity1 with @entity1442 was observed to a less extent in controls with ageing. Anamnestic antibody responses to diphtheria and @entity116 toxoid and serum IgG and IgA levels were found normal. Elevated serum IgM levels were more frequently observed in @entity1 with localized (19/31) and disseminated disease (11/29) than in controls (2/31). These results suggest that @entity320 @entity1 develop @entity73 in final stages with visceral metastases. A previous study showed that minor defects in lymphocyte function in an early stage as measured by HPH-induced lymphocyte transformation have predictive value for subsequent @entity5 recurrence.

title: Primary immune response to Helix pomatia haemocyanin in XXXX . Relationship between 19S and 7S antibody response and in vitro lymphocyte transformation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['widespread disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired T-lymphocyte functions']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['far advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: Down syndrome (DS), or Trisomy 21, is the most common genetic cause of @entity73 and @entity4297 in the @entity1 population. Bioinformatic annotation has established that @entity1 chromosome 21 (Hsa21) harbors five microRNA (miRNAs) genes: @entity31586 , @entity10075 , @entity46459 , @entity10015 , and @entity38112 . Our laboratory recently demonstrated that Hsa21-derived miRNAs are overexpressed in DS brain and heart specimens. The aim of this study was to identify important Hsa21-derived miRNA/mRNA target pairs that may play a role, in part, in mediating the DS phenotype. We demonstrate by luciferase/target mRNA 3'-untranslated region reporter assays, and gain- and loss-of-function experiments that @entity10015 and -802 can regulate the expression of the predicted mRNA target, the @entity5498 -CpG-binding protein ( @entity8251 ). We also demonstrate that @entity8251 is underexpressed in DS brain specimens isolated from either @entity1 or @entity19 . We further demonstrate that, as a consequence of attenuated @entity8251 expression, transcriptionally activated and silenced @entity8251 target genes, @entity10366 / @entity10366 and @entity6998 / @entity6998 , are also aberrantly expressed in these DS brain specimens. Finally, in vivo silencing of endogenous @entity10015 or -802, by antagomir intra-ventricular injection, resulted in the normalization of @entity8251 and @entity8251 target gene expression. Taken together, these results suggest that improper repression of @entity8251 , secondary to trisomic overexpression of Hsa21-derived miRNAs, may contribute, in part, to the abnormalities in the neurochemistry observed in the brains of DS individuals. Finally these results suggest that selective inactivation of Hsa21-derived miRNAs may provide a novel therapeutic tool in the treatment of DS.

title: Chromosome 21-derived microRNAs provide an etiological basis for aberrant protein expression in XXXX Down syndrome brains.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prolonged @entity2906 following early preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM) is traditionally associated with high neonatal mortality and significant risk of @entity358 . However, recent evidence points to an apparent improvement in outcome. AIMS: To document current neonatal outcomes following rupture of membranes prior to 25 weeks with severe persistent @entity2906 and a latency to delivery of at least 14 days. METHODS: A retrospective case note analysis over a 28-month period at Saint Luc University Hospital, Brussels. RESULTS: From 23 pregnancies that were complicated by PPROM prior to 25 weeks, 15 @entity1 were born after 24 weeks with a latency of more than 14 days and persistent @entity2906 . Nine @entity1 (60%) had severe @entity1576 and clinical signs compatible with @entity358 . Seven of these @entity1 (78%) responded to high frequency ventilation and inhaled @entity842 therapy with good clinical outcome but two died from severe @entity1576 . Five @entity1 showed no clinical signs of @entity358 and responded to conventional neonatal management. One of these @entity1 died at 77 days of age of @entity1964 . One @entity1 was not resuscitated and died within minutes of birth, following prior discussion with the perinatal team and the parents. Survivors in this high-risk group (73%) had low morbidity at the time of discharge. SUMMARY: The favourable neonatal survival and morbidity figures are in keeping with recent published evidence. This study confirms improved outcome even amongst the highest risk @entity1 with documented persistent @entity2906 .

title: Contemporary neonatal outcome following rupture of membranes prior to 25 weeks with prolonged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising enterocolitis']

answer: @entity2906 :: (MESH:D016104,Disease) :: ['oligohydramnios']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity703 's rising incidence is largely attributable to the increased detection of small renal masses. Although surgery rates have paralleled this incidence trend, mortality continues to rise, calling into question the necessity of surgery for all @entity1 with renal masses. Using a population-based cohort, a competing risk analysis was performed to estimate @entity1 survival after surgery for @entity703 , as a function of @entity1 age and @entity5 size at diagnosis. METHODS: With data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (1983-2002), a cohort was assembled of 26,618 @entity1 with surgically treated, @entity703 . @entity1 were sorted into 20 age- @entity5 size categories and the numbers of @entity1 that were alive, dead from @entity703 , and dead from other causes were tabulated. Poisson regression models were fitted to obtain estimates of @entity5 -specific and competing-cause mortality. RESULTS: Age-specific @entity703 mortality was stable across all size strata but varied inversely with @entity5 size. @entity1 with the @entity5 enjoyed the lowest @entity5 -specific mortality (5% for masses<or=4 cm). Competing-cause mortality rose with increasing @entity1 age. The estimated 5-year competing-cause mortality for elderly subjects (>or=70 years) was 28.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.9%-30.8%), irrespective of @entity5 size. CONCLUSIONS: Despite surgical therapy, competing-cause mortality for @entity1 with renal masses rises with increasing @entity1 age. After 5 years, one-third of elderly @entity1 (>or=70 years) will die from other causes, suggesting the need for prospective studies to evaluate the role of active surveillance as an initial therapeutic approach for some small renal masses.

title: Five-year survival after surgical treatment for XXXX : a population-based competing risk analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'smallest tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer', 'Kidney cancer', 'local-regional kidney cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6659 ( @entity6659 ), usually an @entity74 , is caused by mutations in the @entity5463 ( @entity1831 )-neurophysin II preprohormone leading to aberrant preprohormone processing and gradual destruction of @entity1831 -secreting cells. @entity1 typically present between 1 and 6 years of age with @entity2011 and @entity4683 . OBJECTIVE: Clinical, biochemical, and genetic studies of three new cases of @entity6659 presenting in early infancy. @entity1 : Three Palestinian cousins presented with failure to thrive, @entity391 , @entity146 , and @entity221 . The parents were asymptomatic. @entity1 developed @entity3489 (154-163 mmol/l) and serum hyperosmolality (>320 mOsm/kg), while urine osmolality remained between 73 and 229 mOsm/kg. Plasma @entity1831 levels were low, and the posterior pituitary bright spot was absent on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All @entity1 responded to desmopressin. RESULTS: @entity1 were homozygous and parents were heterozygous for microsatellite markers flanking the @entity1831 gene. All @entity1 were homozygous for the @entity71100 ( @entity1521 to @entity368 ) substitution affecting mature @entity1831 . A founder effect with the single original kindred carrying the @entity71100 mutation was confirmed by microsatellite analysis, but @entity1 in that family presented only at 2 years of age. In microsatellite analysis, the new kindred @entity1 were not homozygous and did not share a single allele at the aquaporin 2 and vasopressin receptor-2 genes locuses. CONCLUSION: This is the first description of @entity6659 presenting in the neonatal period. The unusual early clinical and radiological (MRI) presentation argues against gradual destruction of @entity1831 -secreting neurons as the pathophysiological mechanism. Factors beside allelism of @entity1831 -related genes must influence the age of @entity6659 presentation given the founder effect demonstrated for the @entity71100 mutation.

title: XXXX : onset in early infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disorder']

entities_list: @entity71100 :: ('p|SUB|P|26|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P26L']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity6659 :: ('MESH:D020790', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive FNDI', 'Familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus', 'FNDI']

entities_list: @entity3489 :: ('MESH:D006955', 'Disease') :: ['hypernatremia']

answer: @entity6659 :: (MESH:D020790,Disease) :: ['Autosomal recessive familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus']


abstract: Serotype-specific patterns of reovirus disease in the CNS of newborn @entity19 segregate with the viral S1 gene segment, which encodes attachment protein sigma1 and nonstructural protein sigma1s. The importance of receptor recognition in target cell selection by reovirus implicates the sigma1 protein as the primary effector of disease outcome. However, the contribution of sigma1s to reovirus disease is unknown. To define the function of sigma1s in reovirus pathogenesis, we generated a sigma1s-deficient virus by altering a single @entity377 to disrupt the sigma1s translational start site. Viruses were recovered that contain nine gene segments from strain type 3 Dearing and either the wild-type or sigma1s-null S1 gene segment from strain type 1 Lang. Following peroral inoculation of newborn @entity19 , both viruses replicated in the intestine, although the wild-type virus achieved higher yields than the sigma1s-null virus. However, unlike the wild-type virus, the sigma1s-deficient virus failed to disseminate to sites of secondary viral replication, including the brain, heart, and liver. Within the small intestine, both viruses were detected in Peyer's patches, but only the wild-type virus reached the mesenteric lymph node. Concordantly, wild-type virus, but not sigma1s-deficient virus, was detected in the blood of infected animals. Wild-type and sigma1s-null viruses produced equivalent titers following intracranial inoculation, indicating that sigma1s is dispensable for viral growth in the @entity19 CNS. These results suggest a key role for sigma1s in virus spread from intestinal lymphatics to the bloodstream, thereby allowing the establishment of @entity646 and dissemination to sites of secondary replication within the infected host.

title: Reovirus nonstructural protein sigma1s is required for establishment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity646 :: (MESH:D014766,Disease) :: ['viremia and systemic dissemination']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the incidence and types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with medications used to treat active toxoplasmic @entity6519 . METHODS: This was a retrospective review of the clinical records of a consecutive series of @entity1 with active toxoplasmic @entity6519 , examined between March 1991 and August 1998. For inclusion in the review, @entity1 had to have been diagnosed with active toxoplasmic @entity6519 , been treated with a single drug or drug combination indicated for this condition, and been followed for at least 8 weeks. @entity1 who were lost to follow-up or who had incomplete chart data were excluded. Demographic data, pertinent aspects of the medical history, drug treatments, and ADRs associated with antitoxoplasmic treatment were recorded. RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 met the criteria for inclusion in the review. In descending order of frequency, they received antitoxoplasmic treatment with @entity3402 (n = 50), @entity4766 (n = 40), @entity4765 (n = 33), @entity206 - @entity207 (n = 16), and @entity20497 (n = 10), alone or in combination. Twenty-two @entity1 (40.0%) had a total of 27 ADRs. The most frequently occurring ADRs were @entity1910 (19 [34.5%]), mostly associated with @entity4766 (9/40 [22.5%]) and @entity3402 (6/50 [12.0%]), and @entity344 such as @entity294 (6 [10.9%]), stomach upset (6 [10.9%]), and @entity548 (1 [1.8%]), mostly associated with @entity3402 (5/50 [10.0%], 3/50 [6.0%], and 1/50 [2.0%], respectively). The incidence of ADRs associated with individual antitoxoplasmic drugs was 30.0% (3/10) for @entity20497 , 26.0% (13/50) for @entity3402 , 22.5% (9/40) for @entity4766 , 12.5% (2/16) for @entity799 , and 12.1% (4/33) for @entity4765 . There were 2 serious ADRs: @entity360 in a @entity1 treated with @entity3402 and @entity1431 in a @entity1 treated with @entity4765 . Twenty-five ADRs were reversed on drug discontinuation; the remaining 2 were mild and did not require drug discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of treatment-associated ADRs was high (40.0%) in these @entity1 with @entity17577 . The most frequently occurring ADRs were @entity1910 and @entity344 .

title: Adverse drug reactions to treatments for XXXX : a retrospective chart review.

entities_list: @entity4766 :: ('MESH:D013411', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity20497 :: ('MESH:D053626', 'Chemical') :: ['atovaquone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal ADRs', 'gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity17577 :: ('MESH:D014126', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinitis']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity17577 :: (MESH:D014126,Disease) :: ['ocular toxoplasmosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity4776 is 'an anatomical entity in which the pituitary fossa is partially or completely filled with cerebrospinal fluid, while the pituitary gland is compressed against the posterior rim of the fossa'. Reports of this entities relating to the @entity1313 not situated in the pituitary fossa, have rarely been reported. METHODS: In order to analyze the incidence and relationship of @entity4776 in @entity1 having @entity1313 , the authors reviewed preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 72 @entity1 with @entity1313 regardless of pathology except the @entity977 . The @entity1 were operated in single institute by one surgeon. There were 25 males and 47 females and mean @entity1 age was 53 years old (range from 5 years to 84 years). @entity5 volume was ranged from 2 cc to 238 cc. RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity4776 was positive in 57/72 cases (79.2%). Sorted by the pathology, @entity4776 was highest in @entity1653 (88.9%, p = 0.042). The @entity4776 was correlated with @entity1 's increasing age (p = 0.003) and increasing @entity5 volume (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Careful review of brain MRI with periodic follow up is necessary for the detection of secondary @entity4776 in @entity1 with @entity1313 . In @entity1 with confirmed @entity4776 , follow up is mandatory for the management of @entity4614 , cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity227 and @entity428 .

title: Analysis of XXXX secondary to the @entity1313 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea, visual disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['definition of empty sella syndrome', 'empty sella']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

answer: @entity4776 :: (MESH:D004652,Disease) :: ['empty sella']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity4776 is 'an anatomical entity in which the pituitary fossa is partially or completely filled with cerebrospinal fluid, while the pituitary gland is compressed against the posterior rim of the fossa'. Reports of this entities relating to the @entity1313 not situated in the pituitary fossa, have rarely been reported. METHODS: In order to analyze the incidence and relationship of @entity4776 in @entity1 having @entity1313 , the authors reviewed preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 72 @entity1 with @entity1313 regardless of pathology except the @entity977 . The @entity1 were operated in single institute by one surgeon. There were 25 males and 47 females and mean @entity1 age was 53 years old (range from 5 years to 84 years). @entity5 volume was ranged from 2 cc to 238 cc. RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity4776 was positive in 57/72 cases (79.2%). Sorted by the pathology, @entity4776 was highest in @entity1653 (88.9%, p = 0.042). The @entity4776 was correlated with @entity1 's increasing age (p = 0.003) and increasing @entity5 volume (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Careful review of brain MRI with periodic follow up is necessary for the detection of secondary @entity4776 in @entity1 with @entity1313 . In @entity1 with confirmed @entity4776 , follow up is mandatory for the management of @entity4614 , cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity227 and @entity428 .

title: Analysis of @entity4776 secondary to the XXXX .

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5721 ( @entity5721 ) is a risk factor for primary acute graft failure following lung transplantation. @entity5721 hereby contributes to morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. We have previously shown that surfactant pretreatment ameliorates @entity5721 up to 1 week after reperfusion. However, the impact of surfactant pretreatment on long-term outcome following @entity5721 is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of surfactant pretreatment on long-term outcome following @entity5721 . METHODS: Male @entity35 (n=63) were randomized to receive intratracheally administered porcine surfactant (400mg/kg) or no pretreatment. One hour thereafter, animals underwent 120min of warm @entity63 by clamping the bronchus, pulmonary artery and vein of the left lung. A third group was sham-operated; a fourth group served as unoperated controls. Animals were killed on day 30 or 90 after surgery. Arterial oxygenation and lung compliance were determined. Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALf) was collected to assess surfactant function and alveolar protein. Leukocyte infiltration was determined by flowcytometry in BALf, lung tissue and thoracic lymph nodes. Lungs of three animals per group were used for histological assessment. RESULTS: Lung compliance was lower on day 30 and day 90 after @entity5721 than in sham-operated controls (day 30 V(max) 6.1+/-2.1 vs 12.6+/-1.3, day 90 6.9+/-3.0 vs 12.1+/-1.6; C(max) day 30 0.49+/-0.17 vs 1.08+/-0.21, day 90 0.67+/-0.31 vs 1.11+/-0.17). Furthermore, the number of @entity1008 RA(+)-lymphocytes in left lung tissue was decreased on day 90 compared to unoperated animals (230.633+/-96.770 vs 696.347+/-202.909) and the number of macrophages elevated in left BALf on day 90. HE slides of @entity5721 animals were scored as fibroproliferative with moderate @entity891 . Surfactant pretreatment improved lung compliance (V(max) day 30 11.7+/-1.8, day 90 11.1+/-1.2; C(max) day 30 1.04+/-0.23, day 90 1.16+/-0.21) and normalized the number of @entity1008 RA(+)-lymphocytes (769.555+/-421.016) in left lung tissue. Furthermore lung architecture on HE slides was on return to normal. However, more @entity18895 (+) @entity11264 (+)-lymphocytes on day 30 (754.788+/-97.269 vs 430.409+/-109.909) and more macrophages on day 90 (2.144.000+/-630.633 vs 867.454+/-383.220) were measured in pretreated lung tissue compared to @entity5721 animals. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity5721 caused extensive @entity651 up to 90 days postoperatively. Surfactant pretreatment normalized pulmonary function, but resulted in an increased number of @entity18895 (+) @entity11264 (+)-cells and macrophages in lung tissue.

title: Surfactant pretreatment decreases long-term damage after XXXX -reperfusion injury of the lung.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury', 'LIRI']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary injury']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Proteomic approaches are used to identify biomarkers, to monitor pathological changes inside of cells and for a better diseases diagnosis. Comparable changes in protein homeostasis also occur in differentiating cells and proteomic techniques should be suitable to identify biomarkers that indicate different steps of cellular development. The C3 exoenzyme from @entity6940 (C3bot) inactivates Rho GTPases and induces morphological cellular changes like cell rounding and neurite outgrowth [G. Ahnert-Hilger, M. H  ltje, G. Grosse, G. Pickert, C. Mucke, B. Nixdorf-Bergweiler, P. Boquet, F. Hofmann, I. Just, J. Neurochem. 90 (2004) 9]. To investigate these observations further a comparative proteomic approach has been chosen to elucidate C3bot effects in the @entity521 cell line model SH-SY5Y. The screening method applied for biomarker detection was based on the stable isotope approach isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). Proteins of C3bot-treated and untreated cells were digested and peptides were labeled by the iTRAQ reagent, combined, and separated by means of a two-dimensional nano-HPLC system. Peptide analysis was performed in a MALDI- @entity215 / @entity215 mass spectrometer. Identification and quantification of peptides and their corresponding proteins were accomplished by @entity15 / @entity15 spectra analysis. Overall, five replicate measurements identified 355 different proteins of which 235 were accessible for quantification. C3bot altered the concentration of 55 proteins (at least 1.3-fold) and several proteins were identified as possible biomarker candidates that indicate C3bot-induced cellular changes.

title: Identification of biomarkers indicating cellular changes after treatment of neuronal cells with the C3 exoenzyme from @entity6940 using the iTRAQ protocol and LC- XXXX / @entity15 analysis.

entities_list: @entity6940 :: ('1491', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium botulinum']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: Proteomic approaches are used to identify biomarkers, to monitor pathological changes inside of cells and for a better diseases diagnosis. Comparable changes in protein homeostasis also occur in differentiating cells and proteomic techniques should be suitable to identify biomarkers that indicate different steps of cellular development. The C3 exoenzyme from @entity6940 (C3bot) inactivates Rho GTPases and induces morphological cellular changes like cell rounding and neurite outgrowth [G. Ahnert-Hilger, M. H  ltje, G. Grosse, G. Pickert, C. Mucke, B. Nixdorf-Bergweiler, P. Boquet, F. Hofmann, I. Just, J. Neurochem. 90 (2004) 9]. To investigate these observations further a comparative proteomic approach has been chosen to elucidate C3bot effects in the @entity521 cell line model SH-SY5Y. The screening method applied for biomarker detection was based on the stable isotope approach isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). Proteins of C3bot-treated and untreated cells were digested and peptides were labeled by the iTRAQ reagent, combined, and separated by means of a two-dimensional nano-HPLC system. Peptide analysis was performed in a MALDI- @entity215 / @entity215 mass spectrometer. Identification and quantification of peptides and their corresponding proteins were accomplished by @entity15 / @entity15 spectra analysis. Overall, five replicate measurements identified 355 different proteins of which 235 were accessible for quantification. C3bot altered the concentration of 55 proteins (at least 1.3-fold) and several proteins were identified as possible biomarker candidates that indicate C3bot-induced cellular changes.

title: Identification of biomarkers indicating cellular changes after treatment of neuronal cells with the C3 exoenzyme from @entity6940 using the iTRAQ protocol and LC- @entity15 / XXXX analysis.

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: Proteomic approaches are used to identify biomarkers, to monitor pathological changes inside of cells and for a better diseases diagnosis. Comparable changes in protein homeostasis also occur in differentiating cells and proteomic techniques should be suitable to identify biomarkers that indicate different steps of cellular development. The C3 exoenzyme from @entity6940 (C3bot) inactivates Rho GTPases and induces morphological cellular changes like cell rounding and neurite outgrowth [G. Ahnert-Hilger, M. H  ltje, G. Grosse, G. Pickert, C. Mucke, B. Nixdorf-Bergweiler, P. Boquet, F. Hofmann, I. Just, J. Neurochem. 90 (2004) 9]. To investigate these observations further a comparative proteomic approach has been chosen to elucidate C3bot effects in the @entity521 cell line model SH-SY5Y. The screening method applied for biomarker detection was based on the stable isotope approach isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). Proteins of C3bot-treated and untreated cells were digested and peptides were labeled by the iTRAQ reagent, combined, and separated by means of a two-dimensional nano-HPLC system. Peptide analysis was performed in a MALDI- @entity215 / @entity215 mass spectrometer. Identification and quantification of peptides and their corresponding proteins were accomplished by @entity15 / @entity15 spectra analysis. Overall, five replicate measurements identified 355 different proteins of which 235 were accessible for quantification. C3bot altered the concentration of 55 proteins (at least 1.3-fold) and several proteins were identified as possible biomarker candidates that indicate C3bot-induced cellular changes.

title: Identification of biomarkers indicating cellular changes after treatment of neuronal cells with the C3 exoenzyme from XXXX using the iTRAQ protocol and LC- @entity15 / @entity15 analysis.

answer: @entity6940 :: (1491,Species) :: ['Clostridium botulinum']


abstract: 1. @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) and egg yolk proteins of mature female @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) were studied comparatively with reference to their immunological and some physicochemical properties. 2. @entity1131 was considered to be composed of two egg proteins, @entity71101 , which were isolated from the egg yolk by gel filtration. 3. The molecular weights of @entity1131 , @entity71101 were estimated by gel filtration to be approx 600,000, 300,000 and 35,000, respectively. 4. The analysis with @entity214 electrophoresis indicated that E1 consisted of two subunits with molecular weights of 90,000 and 15,000, and E2 was estimated to be a dimer of a molecule of 15,000. 5. Male and immature female trout were injected with @entity53 -17 beta, and the production of proteins with the same antigenicity with @entity1131 was demonstrated.

title: Comparative studies on immunochemical properties of female-specific serum protein and egg yolk proteins in XXXX ( @entity5660 ).

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Salmo gairdneri', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['FS', 'Female-specific serum protein']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: 1. @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) and egg yolk proteins of mature female @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) were studied comparatively with reference to their immunological and some physicochemical properties. 2. @entity1131 was considered to be composed of two egg proteins, @entity71101 , which were isolated from the egg yolk by gel filtration. 3. The molecular weights of @entity1131 , @entity71101 were estimated by gel filtration to be approx 600,000, 300,000 and 35,000, respectively. 4. The analysis with @entity214 electrophoresis indicated that E1 consisted of two subunits with molecular weights of 90,000 and 15,000, and E2 was estimated to be a dimer of a molecule of 15,000. 5. Male and immature female trout were injected with @entity53 -17 beta, and the production of proteins with the same antigenicity with @entity1131 was demonstrated.

title: Comparative studies on immunochemical properties of female-specific serum protein and egg yolk proteins in @entity5660 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Salmo gairdneri']


abstract: OBJECT: The goal of this report was to describe the safety and effectiveness of nucleus ventralis intermedius (VIM) thalamotomy performed with the Leksell Gamma Knife (GK) for the treatment of essential @entity400 (ET). METHODS: One hundred seventy-two @entity1 underwent a total of 214 VIM thalamotomy procedures with the Leksell GK between February 1994 and March 2007 for treatment of disabling ET. Eleven @entity1 were lost to follow-up less than 1 year after the procedures, so that in this report the authors describe the results in 161 @entity1 who underwent a total of 203 thalamotomies (119 unilateral and 42 bilateral). RESULTS: There were statistically significant decreases (p < 0.0001) in @entity400 scores for both writing and drawing. The mean postoperative follow-up duration for all @entity1 was 44 +/- 33 months. Fifty-four @entity1 have been followed for more than 60 months posttreatment. There were 14 @entity1 who suffered neurological side effects that were temporary (6) or permanent (8), which accounted for 6.9% of the 203 treatments. All complications were related to lesions that grew larger than expected. CONCLUSIONS: A VIM thalamotomy with the Leksell GK offers a safe and effective alternative for surgical treatment of ET. It is particularly applicable to @entity1 who are not ideal candidates for deep brain stimulation but can be offered to all @entity1 who are considering surgical intervention for ET.

title: Gamma Knife thalamotomy for treatment of essential XXXX : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In animal experiments many hormones were demonstrated in immune cells. However, very few data are at our disposal in the case of @entity1 immune cells. In an earlier experiment, @entity4545 , endorphin and T(3) were studied and found in different subsets of @entity1 immune cells. Here, three biogenic @entity4478 ( @entity112 , @entity750 and @entity1425 ) were studied. METHODS: Biogenic @entity6115 content of immunophenotyped @entity1 lymphocytes from 15 blood donors were investigated by multicolor flow cytometry using anti-biogenic @entity6115 antibodies. Monocytes and granulocytes separated by size and granularity were also studied. RESULTS: Each biogenic @entity6115 could be detected in each subset of leukocytes, except @entity1425 and @entity750 in granulocytes. Activated T cells contained a higher amount of the @entity4478 , and @entity1075 +B cells a higher amount of @entity112 , related to the whole lymphocyte population and to other subsets. Monocytes contained more @entity112 and @entity1425 than lymphocytes and granulocytes contained twice as much @entity112 as monocytes and three times as much as lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: @entity1 lymphocytes contain the three biogenic @entity6115 , similar to @entity35 . However, while each @entity6115 was present in monocytes, in granulocytes @entity750 and @entity1425 were not demonstrated. The results call attention to the possible extrapolation of animal data to @entity1 lymphocytes and monocytes, but in the case of granulocytes, caution is needed. Taking into consideration earlier results, activated T cells appear to have an important role in the loss or production of hormones inside the immune system.

title: Presence and distribution of biogenic @entity4478 ( XXXX , @entity750 and @entity1425 ) in immunophenotyped @entity1 immune cells.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In animal experiments many hormones were demonstrated in immune cells. However, very few data are at our disposal in the case of @entity1 immune cells. In an earlier experiment, @entity4545 , endorphin and T(3) were studied and found in different subsets of @entity1 immune cells. Here, three biogenic @entity4478 ( @entity112 , @entity750 and @entity1425 ) were studied. METHODS: Biogenic @entity6115 content of immunophenotyped @entity1 lymphocytes from 15 blood donors were investigated by multicolor flow cytometry using anti-biogenic @entity6115 antibodies. Monocytes and granulocytes separated by size and granularity were also studied. RESULTS: Each biogenic @entity6115 could be detected in each subset of leukocytes, except @entity1425 and @entity750 in granulocytes. Activated T cells contained a higher amount of the @entity4478 , and @entity1075 +B cells a higher amount of @entity112 , related to the whole lymphocyte population and to other subsets. Monocytes contained more @entity112 and @entity1425 than lymphocytes and granulocytes contained twice as much @entity112 as monocytes and three times as much as lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: @entity1 lymphocytes contain the three biogenic @entity6115 , similar to @entity35 . However, while each @entity6115 was present in monocytes, in granulocytes @entity750 and @entity1425 were not demonstrated. The results call attention to the possible extrapolation of animal data to @entity1 lymphocytes and monocytes, but in the case of granulocytes, caution is needed. Taking into consideration earlier results, activated T cells appear to have an important role in the loss or production of hormones inside the immune system.

title: Presence and distribution of biogenic XXXX ( @entity112 , @entity750 and @entity1425 ) in immunophenotyped @entity1 immune cells.

answer: @entity4478 :: (MESH:D000588,Chemical) :: ['amines']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In animal experiments many hormones were demonstrated in immune cells. However, very few data are at our disposal in the case of @entity1 immune cells. In an earlier experiment, @entity4545 , endorphin and T(3) were studied and found in different subsets of @entity1 immune cells. Here, three biogenic @entity4478 ( @entity112 , @entity750 and @entity1425 ) were studied. METHODS: Biogenic @entity6115 content of immunophenotyped @entity1 lymphocytes from 15 blood donors were investigated by multicolor flow cytometry using anti-biogenic @entity6115 antibodies. Monocytes and granulocytes separated by size and granularity were also studied. RESULTS: Each biogenic @entity6115 could be detected in each subset of leukocytes, except @entity1425 and @entity750 in granulocytes. Activated T cells contained a higher amount of the @entity4478 , and @entity1075 +B cells a higher amount of @entity112 , related to the whole lymphocyte population and to other subsets. Monocytes contained more @entity112 and @entity1425 than lymphocytes and granulocytes contained twice as much @entity112 as monocytes and three times as much as lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: @entity1 lymphocytes contain the three biogenic @entity6115 , similar to @entity35 . However, while each @entity6115 was present in monocytes, in granulocytes @entity750 and @entity1425 were not demonstrated. The results call attention to the possible extrapolation of animal data to @entity1 lymphocytes and monocytes, but in the case of granulocytes, caution is needed. Taking into consideration earlier results, activated T cells appear to have an important role in the loss or production of hormones inside the immune system.

title: Presence and distribution of biogenic @entity4478 ( @entity112 , @entity750 and XXXX ) in immunophenotyped @entity1 immune cells.

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In animal experiments many hormones were demonstrated in immune cells. However, very few data are at our disposal in the case of @entity1 immune cells. In an earlier experiment, @entity4545 , endorphin and T(3) were studied and found in different subsets of @entity1 immune cells. Here, three biogenic @entity4478 ( @entity112 , @entity750 and @entity1425 ) were studied. METHODS: Biogenic @entity6115 content of immunophenotyped @entity1 lymphocytes from 15 blood donors were investigated by multicolor flow cytometry using anti-biogenic @entity6115 antibodies. Monocytes and granulocytes separated by size and granularity were also studied. RESULTS: Each biogenic @entity6115 could be detected in each subset of leukocytes, except @entity1425 and @entity750 in granulocytes. Activated T cells contained a higher amount of the @entity4478 , and @entity1075 +B cells a higher amount of @entity112 , related to the whole lymphocyte population and to other subsets. Monocytes contained more @entity112 and @entity1425 than lymphocytes and granulocytes contained twice as much @entity112 as monocytes and three times as much as lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: @entity1 lymphocytes contain the three biogenic @entity6115 , similar to @entity35 . However, while each @entity6115 was present in monocytes, in granulocytes @entity750 and @entity1425 were not demonstrated. The results call attention to the possible extrapolation of animal data to @entity1 lymphocytes and monocytes, but in the case of granulocytes, caution is needed. Taking into consideration earlier results, activated T cells appear to have an important role in the loss or production of hormones inside the immune system.

title: Presence and distribution of biogenic @entity4478 ( @entity112 , XXXX and @entity1425 ) in immunophenotyped @entity1 immune cells.

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In animal experiments many hormones were demonstrated in immune cells. However, very few data are at our disposal in the case of @entity1 immune cells. In an earlier experiment, @entity4545 , endorphin and T(3) were studied and found in different subsets of @entity1 immune cells. Here, three biogenic @entity4478 ( @entity112 , @entity750 and @entity1425 ) were studied. METHODS: Biogenic @entity6115 content of immunophenotyped @entity1 lymphocytes from 15 blood donors were investigated by multicolor flow cytometry using anti-biogenic @entity6115 antibodies. Monocytes and granulocytes separated by size and granularity were also studied. RESULTS: Each biogenic @entity6115 could be detected in each subset of leukocytes, except @entity1425 and @entity750 in granulocytes. Activated T cells contained a higher amount of the @entity4478 , and @entity1075 +B cells a higher amount of @entity112 , related to the whole lymphocyte population and to other subsets. Monocytes contained more @entity112 and @entity1425 than lymphocytes and granulocytes contained twice as much @entity112 as monocytes and three times as much as lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: @entity1 lymphocytes contain the three biogenic @entity6115 , similar to @entity35 . However, while each @entity6115 was present in monocytes, in granulocytes @entity750 and @entity1425 were not demonstrated. The results call attention to the possible extrapolation of animal data to @entity1 lymphocytes and monocytes, but in the case of granulocytes, caution is needed. Taking into consideration earlier results, activated T cells appear to have an important role in the loss or production of hormones inside the immune system.

title: Presence and distribution of biogenic @entity4478 ( @entity112 , @entity750 and @entity1425 ) in immunophenotyped XXXX immune cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We investigated somatic mutations of the @entity470 gene in @entity1149 tissue and their detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan-MGB probes. METHODS: The DNA was extracted from surgically resected @entity1149 specimens. Genes encoding for @entity470 @entity669 (exons 18, 19, and 21) were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and analyzed by chromatograms with manual review. TaqMan-MGB probes were designed to detect the @entity470 gene mutations in the @entity5 tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Somatic point mutations and deletions were identified in the @entity669 kinase domain of the @entity470 gene in 21 of 80 @entity1149 @entity1 , including 13 @entity1 with deletion mutations occurring in exon 19 and 8 @entity1 with point mutations occurring in codon 858 (exon 21). The results from real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan-MGB probes were completely consistent with sequencing outcomes. Both the sensitivity and specificity for detecting the @entity470 gene mutations using real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan-MGB probes were 100%. The mutation incidence was significantly higher in female @entity1 , nonsmokers, and @entity1 with @entity420 than in male @entity1 , smokers, and those with nonadenocarcinomas (P < 0.05). The mutations were not related to @entity1 's age or @entity5 nodal @entity3 staging. CONCLUSIONS: Somatic mutations of the @entity470 gene that develop in @entity1149 @entity1 are more common in female @entity1 , nonsmokers, and @entity1 with @entity420 . Real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan-MGB probes is effective, simple, and fast in the detection of @entity470 gene mutations.

title: Rapid detection of @entity470 mutations in XXXX using real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan-MGB probes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'non-small cell lung cancer tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: We investigated somatic mutations of the @entity470 gene in @entity1149 tissue and their detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan-MGB probes. METHODS: The DNA was extracted from surgically resected @entity1149 specimens. Genes encoding for @entity470 @entity669 (exons 18, 19, and 21) were amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and analyzed by chromatograms with manual review. TaqMan-MGB probes were designed to detect the @entity470 gene mutations in the @entity5 tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Somatic point mutations and deletions were identified in the @entity669 kinase domain of the @entity470 gene in 21 of 80 @entity1149 @entity1 , including 13 @entity1 with deletion mutations occurring in exon 19 and 8 @entity1 with point mutations occurring in codon 858 (exon 21). The results from real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan-MGB probes were completely consistent with sequencing outcomes. Both the sensitivity and specificity for detecting the @entity470 gene mutations using real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan-MGB probes were 100%. The mutation incidence was significantly higher in female @entity1 , nonsmokers, and @entity1 with @entity420 than in male @entity1 , smokers, and those with nonadenocarcinomas (P < 0.05). The mutations were not related to @entity1 's age or @entity5 nodal @entity3 staging. CONCLUSIONS: Somatic mutations of the @entity470 gene that develop in @entity1149 @entity1 are more common in female @entity1 , nonsmokers, and @entity1 with @entity420 . Real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan-MGB probes is effective, simple, and fast in the detection of @entity470 gene mutations.

title: Rapid detection of XXXX mutations in @entity1149 using real-time polymerase chain reaction with TaqMan-MGB probes.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']