abstract: PURPOSE: Green tea and green tea @entity6398 have been shown to possess @entity5 preventive activities in preclinical model systems. In preparation for future green tea intervention trials, we have conducted a clinical study to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of green tea @entity6398 after 4 weeks of daily p.o. administration of @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) or Polyphenon E (a defined, decaffeinated green tea @entity3978 mixture). In an exploratory fashion, we have also determined the effect of chronic green tea @entity3978 administration on UV-induced @entity5105 response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Healthy @entity1 with @entity272 or III underwent a 2-week run-in period and were randomly assigned to receive one of the five treatments for 4 weeks: 800 mg @entity3090 once/day, 400 mg @entity3090 twice/day, 800 mg @entity3090 as Polyphenon E once/day, 400 mg @entity3090 as Polyphenon E twice/day, or a placebo once/day (8 subjects/group). Samples were collected and measurements performed before and after the 4-week treatment period for determination of safety, pharmacokinetics, and biological activity of green tea @entity3978 treatment. RESULTS: Adverse events reported during the 4-week treatment period include excess gas, upset stomach, @entity390 , heartburn, @entity158 , @entity490 , @entity1296 , @entity10 , and @entity925 . All of the reported events were rated as mild events. For most events, the incidence reported in the @entity3978 -treated groups was not more than that reported in the placebo group. No significant changes were observed in blood counts and blood chemistry profiles after repeated administration of green tea @entity3978 products. There was a >60% increase in the area under the plasma @entity3090 concentration-time curve after 4 weeks of green tea @entity3978 treatment at a dosing schedule of 800 mg once daily. No significant changes were observed in the pharmacokinetics of @entity3090 after repeated green tea @entity3978 treatment at a regimen of 400 mg twice daily. The pharmacokinetics of the conjugated metabolites of @entity15359 and @entity12919 were not affected by repeated green tea @entity3978 treatment. Four weeks of green tea @entity3978 treatment at the selected dose and dosing schedule did not provide protection against UV-induced @entity5105 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that it is safe for healthy individuals to take green tea @entity3978 products in amounts equivalent to the @entity3090 content in 8-16 cups of green tea once a day or in divided doses twice a day for 4 weeks. There is a >60% increase in the systemic availability of free @entity3090 after chronic green tea @entity3978 administration at a high daily bolus dose (800 mg @entity3090 or Polyphenon E once daily).

title: Pharmacokinetics and safety of green tea @entity6398 after multiple-dose administration of XXXX and polyphenon E in healthy individuals.

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early @entity7623 is a frequent complication of pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD). However, few reports have addressed this phenomenon in relation to the type of @entity344 . We compared gastrointestinal motility and gastric juice output after two different types of @entity344 following PPPD, end-to-side duodenojejunostomy after pancreaticojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy (group 1) and end-to-end duodenojejunostomy before pancreaticojejunostomy and hepaticojejunostomy (group 2). METHOD: In a total of 25 @entity1 , 10 in group 1 and 15 in group 2, who underwent PPPD, manometry was repeated to assess gastric and jejunal motility until the first occurrence of phase III activity of gastric cyclic motor activity (CMA). The plasma level of @entity3771 was measured in each phase of the gastric CMA and compared between the two groups. The daily volume of gastric juice output through a @entity5274 was also recorded for comparison. RESULT: There was no significant difference in the time period for recovery of gastric phase III activity and gastric juice output between the two groups. However, abnormal contractions with an increased basal pressure appeared frequently in the afferent jejunal loop only in group 1. The plasma @entity3771 level after PPPD showed no apparent cyclic change even after the recovery of gastric phase III in either group. CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal reconstructive procedures have almost no effect on the recovery of gastric CMA. The plasma @entity3771 concentration does not play a major role in the recovery of gastric CMA in the early postoperative period after PPPD.

title: Comparison of recovery of gastric phase III motility and gastric juice output after different types of XXXX following pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal reconstruction']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastric stasis']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal reconstruction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: C-type lectin is one important pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that plays crucial roles in multiple immune responses. A C-type lectin from sea @entity9688 @entity20874 (AjCTL-1) was characterized in the present study. The @entity3689 sequence of AjCTL-1 shared high similarities with other C-type lectins from invertebrates and vertebrates. The C-type lectin domain (CTLD) of AjCTL-1 contained a @entity141 -binding site 2 and four conserved @entity462 residues. AjCTL-1 mRNA expression patterns in tissues and after bacterial challenge were then analysed. Quantitative PCR revealed that AjCTL-1 mRNA was widely expressed in the tested tissues of healthy sea @entity9688 . The highest expression level occurred in gonad followed by body wall, coelomocytes, tentacle, intestinum and longitudinal muscle, and the lowest expression level was in respiratory tree. AjCTL-1 mRNA expression in coelomocytes was significantly induced by gram-negative @entity2551 and gram-positive @entity7178 , with different up-regulation patterns post-challenge. Recombinant AjCTL-1 exhibited the ability to bind peptidoglycan directly, agglutinate @entity7178 , @entity794 and @entity526 , in a @entity141 -dependant manner, and enhance the phagocytosis of coelomocytes against @entity526 in  vitro. The results indicated that AjCTL-1 could act as a PRR in @entity20874 and had critical roles in non-self recognition and bacterial clearance against invading microbes.

title: Critical roles of sea XXXX C-type lectin in non-self recognition and  bacterial clearance.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E.  coli']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity20874 :: ('307972', 'Species') :: ['Apostichopus japonicus']

entities_list: @entity2551 :: ('55601', 'Species') :: ['Listonella anguillarum']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Species') :: ['M.  luteus', 'Micrococcus luteus']

answer: @entity9688 :: (3659,Species) :: ['cucumber']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two populations of T cells contribute to allograft rejection. T cells with direct allospecificity are activated after recognition of intact MHC alloantigens displayed at the surface of donor passenger leukocytes carried within the graft. In contrast, T cells with indirect allospecificity recognize donor alloantigens as processed peptides associated with self (recipient)-MHC class II molecules. In small animal models of transplantation, direct pathway T cells dominate the acute rejection process and are rendered tolerant to the graft after the loss of donor passenger leukocytes. It has been argued that indirect pathway T cells contribute substantially to continual graft damage after passenger cell loss. The purpose of this study was to determine whether donor-specific tolerance could be detected in T cells with direct anti-donor allospecificity in @entity1 heart transplant recipients after prolonged graft residence. METHODS AND RESULTS: Alloreactive helper ( @entity57035 ) and cytotoxic (CTLf) T cells were enumerated by use of limiting dilution analysis. These assay systems were refined to make them specific for the direct pathway of allorecognition and more sensitive in the case of the @entity57035 assay. Recipient:anti-donor frequencies were generated in 10 long-term recipients of heart grafts with progressive chronic rejection and compared with those against equivalently HLA mismatched recipient:third-party controls. For @entity57035 , direct pathway donor-specific @entity6306 was detected in 5 of the 10 recipients ( @entity57035 <1:100,000). Of these 5 recipients, 4 also had low anti-donor CTLf (<1:100,000). In the 5th recipient, although the CTLf was >1:100,000, it was significantly lower than that estimated against the third-party control. CONCLUSIONS: Donor-specific @entity6306 is demonstrated in 50% of recipients in both the @entity57035 and CTLf compartments of the direct alloresponse. Direct allorecognition therefore appears unlikely to be responsible for the progression of chronic rejection, implicating indirect allorecognition as the predominant immunological driving force. Furthermore, these data have potential implications for graft outcome, adjustment of immunosuppression, and recipient monitoring.

title: Assessment of the contribution that direct allorecognition makes to the progression of chronic cardiac transplant rejection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Induction of angiogenesis is essential for @entity105 and facilitates the processes of @entity5 development and @entity3 . @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is an important angiogenic regulator under physiologic and pathologic conditions. To elucidate the role of angiogenesis in malignant growth, we evaluated angiogenesis and @entity7 expression in a panel of 68 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and examined their relation with the kinetic parameters, ploidy, and @entity876 protein status, which have been analyzed previously. Angiogenesis was estimated as microvascular density (MVD) of the @entity5 area by @entity2279 immunodetection. Expression of @entity7 was also immunohistochemically evaluated. All possible associations were assessed through a series of statistical methods. The mean MVD value was 39 microvessels/mm(2), and high @entity7 immunoreactivity was observed in all specimens, with a mean percentage of positive cells of 73%. The relation between MVD and @entity7 expression was not statistically significant (P = 0.065). No association was observed between MVD or @entity7 levels with the proliferation index, apoptotic index, @entity5 ploidy status, @entity876 expression, and overall survival. We conclude that in a subset of @entity1149 , angiogenesis may be associated with @entity7 , but other factors also participate in this process. Angiogenesis and growth (proliferation and apoptosis) are independent and probably differentially operated procedures, with only growth partially controlled by @entity876 protein expression.

title: Growth index is independent of microvessel density in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung carcinomas', 'NSCLCs']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung carcinomas']


abstract: We have used high resolution magnetic resonance imaging to monitor malignant @entity35 BT4C @entity11 in vivo following herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase gene and @entity4540 (GCV) treatment. Twenty-six female BDIX @entity35 were used for the study including four controls. Serial magnetic resonance imaging was performed every 72 hours to quantify @entity5 volume, transverse relaxation time (T2) ,and apparent diffusion constant ( @entity35925 ) of water in the @entity5 and in the contralateral brain. GCV treatment was given twice a day, intraperitoneally, for 21 days. The @entity11 exhibited low @entity70586 values (before treatment), compared to normal brain, indicating the presence of high cell density @entity5 . Following GCV treatment, a regional increase in @entity70586 was observed as early as day 4 of the treatment, even though the @entity5 volume was still increasing. These observations suggested evolution of local necroses which were confirmed by histology. In a group of five @entity5 bearing @entity35 , retrovirus-producing packaging cell injections were given intratumorally to mimic clinically relevant gene therapy. In these cases, only small and short-lasting @entity70586 elevations were found following GCV treatment without an effect on the overall @entity5 growth and outcome. Our results show that quantitative magnetic resonance imaging including @entity70586 , is superior to robust volume measurements in predicting an early response to retrovirus-mediated gene therapy in vivo.

title: Monitoring @entity1014 kinase and XXXX -induced changes in @entity35 malignant @entity11 in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity4540 :: (MESH:D015774,Chemical) :: ['ganciclovir']


abstract: We have used high resolution magnetic resonance imaging to monitor malignant @entity35 BT4C @entity11 in vivo following herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase gene and @entity4540 (GCV) treatment. Twenty-six female BDIX @entity35 were used for the study including four controls. Serial magnetic resonance imaging was performed every 72 hours to quantify @entity5 volume, transverse relaxation time (T2) ,and apparent diffusion constant ( @entity35925 ) of water in the @entity5 and in the contralateral brain. GCV treatment was given twice a day, intraperitoneally, for 21 days. The @entity11 exhibited low @entity70586 values (before treatment), compared to normal brain, indicating the presence of high cell density @entity5 . Following GCV treatment, a regional increase in @entity70586 was observed as early as day 4 of the treatment, even though the @entity5 volume was still increasing. These observations suggested evolution of local necroses which were confirmed by histology. In a group of five @entity5 bearing @entity35 , retrovirus-producing packaging cell injections were given intratumorally to mimic clinically relevant gene therapy. In these cases, only small and short-lasting @entity70586 elevations were found following GCV treatment without an effect on the overall @entity5 growth and outcome. Our results show that quantitative magnetic resonance imaging including @entity70586 , is superior to robust volume measurements in predicting an early response to retrovirus-mediated gene therapy in vivo.

title: Monitoring XXXX kinase and @entity4540 -induced changes in @entity35 malignant @entity11 in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['thymidine']


abstract: We have used high resolution magnetic resonance imaging to monitor malignant @entity35 BT4C @entity11 in vivo following herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase gene and @entity4540 (GCV) treatment. Twenty-six female BDIX @entity35 were used for the study including four controls. Serial magnetic resonance imaging was performed every 72 hours to quantify @entity5 volume, transverse relaxation time (T2) ,and apparent diffusion constant ( @entity35925 ) of water in the @entity5 and in the contralateral brain. GCV treatment was given twice a day, intraperitoneally, for 21 days. The @entity11 exhibited low @entity70586 values (before treatment), compared to normal brain, indicating the presence of high cell density @entity5 . Following GCV treatment, a regional increase in @entity70586 was observed as early as day 4 of the treatment, even though the @entity5 volume was still increasing. These observations suggested evolution of local necroses which were confirmed by histology. In a group of five @entity5 bearing @entity35 , retrovirus-producing packaging cell injections were given intratumorally to mimic clinically relevant gene therapy. In these cases, only small and short-lasting @entity70586 elevations were found following GCV treatment without an effect on the overall @entity5 growth and outcome. Our results show that quantitative magnetic resonance imaging including @entity70586 , is superior to robust volume measurements in predicting an early response to retrovirus-mediated gene therapy in vivo.

title: Monitoring @entity1014 kinase and @entity4540 -induced changes in @entity35 malignant XXXX in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: We have used high resolution magnetic resonance imaging to monitor malignant @entity35 BT4C @entity11 in vivo following herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase gene and @entity4540 (GCV) treatment. Twenty-six female BDIX @entity35 were used for the study including four controls. Serial magnetic resonance imaging was performed every 72 hours to quantify @entity5 volume, transverse relaxation time (T2) ,and apparent diffusion constant ( @entity35925 ) of water in the @entity5 and in the contralateral brain. GCV treatment was given twice a day, intraperitoneally, for 21 days. The @entity11 exhibited low @entity70586 values (before treatment), compared to normal brain, indicating the presence of high cell density @entity5 . Following GCV treatment, a regional increase in @entity70586 was observed as early as day 4 of the treatment, even though the @entity5 volume was still increasing. These observations suggested evolution of local necroses which were confirmed by histology. In a group of five @entity5 bearing @entity35 , retrovirus-producing packaging cell injections were given intratumorally to mimic clinically relevant gene therapy. In these cases, only small and short-lasting @entity70586 elevations were found following GCV treatment without an effect on the overall @entity5 growth and outcome. Our results show that quantitative magnetic resonance imaging including @entity70586 , is superior to robust volume measurements in predicting an early response to retrovirus-mediated gene therapy in vivo.

title: Monitoring @entity1014 kinase and @entity4540 -induced changes in XXXX malignant @entity11 in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Because of the relatively low incidence of @entity0 , there are very few studies on the molecular characteristics of this @entity0 . In an attempt to improve its characterization, we investigated in a large collection of invasive @entity1137 (ILCs) the status of markers known to be involved in the better-studied @entity513 ( @entity513 ). In the current study we disposed of 80 well-characterized ILC cases. Gene amplification of @entity4910 ( @entity4910 ) and @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) and expression of their gene products were studied by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A comprehensive point mutation study of the phosphatase and tensin homolog @entity5 suppressor gene ( @entity983 ) was pursued by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)/sequencing analysis. The @entity4910 gene was rarely amplified in ILC in spite of showing overexpression of the protein in 41% of @entity5 . Hence, unlike @entity513 , increase in gene dosage did not account for the protein excess. @entity983 mutations were detected in ILC (truncating mutations) in around 2% of the @entity5 . Unlike @entity513 , ILC did not display @entity1722 overexpression and expression of the transcription factor @entity16262 correlated inversely with @entity5 grade. The observed discrepancy in the pattern of the @entity1 oncogenes @entity4910 and @entity1722 , which are involved in the process of @entity5 , appears to suggest a different molecular basis for development and progression of ILC.

title: @entity4910 - and XXXX -gene deregulation and @entity983 mutation analyses in @entity1137 of the breast.

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'lobular breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'carcinogenesis of ductal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['c-erbB2-encoding gene', 'ERBB2']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['ERBB2']


abstract: Because of the relatively low incidence of @entity0 , there are very few studies on the molecular characteristics of this @entity0 . In an attempt to improve its characterization, we investigated in a large collection of invasive @entity1137 (ILCs) the status of markers known to be involved in the better-studied @entity513 ( @entity513 ). In the current study we disposed of 80 well-characterized ILC cases. Gene amplification of @entity4910 ( @entity4910 ) and @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) and expression of their gene products were studied by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A comprehensive point mutation study of the phosphatase and tensin homolog @entity5 suppressor gene ( @entity983 ) was pursued by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)/sequencing analysis. The @entity4910 gene was rarely amplified in ILC in spite of showing overexpression of the protein in 41% of @entity5 . Hence, unlike @entity513 , increase in gene dosage did not account for the protein excess. @entity983 mutations were detected in ILC (truncating mutations) in around 2% of the @entity5 . Unlike @entity513 , ILC did not display @entity1722 overexpression and expression of the transcription factor @entity16262 correlated inversely with @entity5 grade. The observed discrepancy in the pattern of the @entity1 oncogenes @entity4910 and @entity1722 , which are involved in the process of @entity5 , appears to suggest a different molecular basis for development and progression of ILC.

title: @entity4910 - and @entity1722 -gene deregulation and @entity983 mutation analyses in XXXX of the breast.

answer: @entity1137 :: (MESH:D018275,Disease) :: ['invasive lobular carcinoma']


abstract: Because of the relatively low incidence of @entity0 , there are very few studies on the molecular characteristics of this @entity0 . In an attempt to improve its characterization, we investigated in a large collection of invasive @entity1137 (ILCs) the status of markers known to be involved in the better-studied @entity513 ( @entity513 ). In the current study we disposed of 80 well-characterized ILC cases. Gene amplification of @entity4910 ( @entity4910 ) and @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) and expression of their gene products were studied by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A comprehensive point mutation study of the phosphatase and tensin homolog @entity5 suppressor gene ( @entity983 ) was pursued by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)/sequencing analysis. The @entity4910 gene was rarely amplified in ILC in spite of showing overexpression of the protein in 41% of @entity5 . Hence, unlike @entity513 , increase in gene dosage did not account for the protein excess. @entity983 mutations were detected in ILC (truncating mutations) in around 2% of the @entity5 . Unlike @entity513 , ILC did not display @entity1722 overexpression and expression of the transcription factor @entity16262 correlated inversely with @entity5 grade. The observed discrepancy in the pattern of the @entity1 oncogenes @entity4910 and @entity1722 , which are involved in the process of @entity5 , appears to suggest a different molecular basis for development and progression of ILC.

title: @entity4910 - and @entity1722 -gene deregulation and XXXX mutation analyses in @entity1137 of the breast.

answer: @entity983 :: (5728,Gene) :: ['PTEN']


abstract: Because of the relatively low incidence of @entity0 , there are very few studies on the molecular characteristics of this @entity0 . In an attempt to improve its characterization, we investigated in a large collection of invasive @entity1137 (ILCs) the status of markers known to be involved in the better-studied @entity513 ( @entity513 ). In the current study we disposed of 80 well-characterized ILC cases. Gene amplification of @entity4910 ( @entity4910 ) and @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ) and expression of their gene products were studied by differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. A comprehensive point mutation study of the phosphatase and tensin homolog @entity5 suppressor gene ( @entity983 ) was pursued by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP)/sequencing analysis. The @entity4910 gene was rarely amplified in ILC in spite of showing overexpression of the protein in 41% of @entity5 . Hence, unlike @entity513 , increase in gene dosage did not account for the protein excess. @entity983 mutations were detected in ILC (truncating mutations) in around 2% of the @entity5 . Unlike @entity513 , ILC did not display @entity1722 overexpression and expression of the transcription factor @entity16262 correlated inversely with @entity5 grade. The observed discrepancy in the pattern of the @entity1 oncogenes @entity4910 and @entity1722 , which are involved in the process of @entity5 , appears to suggest a different molecular basis for development and progression of ILC.

title: XXXX - and @entity1722 -gene deregulation and @entity983 mutation analyses in @entity1137 of the breast.

answer: @entity4910 :: (595,Gene) :: ['CCND1']


abstract: @entity5 are characterized at the genetic level by different types of @entity2008 . A rearrangement of the @entity9625 ( @entity9625 ) gene, localized in 12q15 and coding for an architectural non-histone DNA protein, is observed in a majority of solitary superficial @entity362 . Alterations of @entity9625 are often resulting from reciprocal translocations, such as t(3;12)(q27-28;q15) that fuses LPP with @entity9625 , but a variety of @entity2008 , such as deletions, inversions or insertions are also observed. Rearrangements of chromosomal regions 6p21-22, 13q, 11q13, 12q13 or others are described in approximately one third of superficial @entity362 cases with abnormal karyotypes. The genes involved in these alterations remain to be determined. @entity18391 are pediatric neoplasms that are characterized by rearrangements of @entity44810 , located in 8q11-12 whereas @entity362 , that resemble brown fat, are associated with 11q13 rearrangements together with often complex chromosomal alterations. Deletions of 13q and 16q have been identified in spindle cell @entity362 . A t(11;16)(q13;p12-13) have been described in the two published karyotypes of @entity362 . The chromosomal features of other rare benign @entity5 , the differential diagnosis of which is occasionally difficult, such as @entity362 , @entity362 , or @entity359 , myolipomas, myxolipomas are still poorly defined. Although the genetic characterization of benign @entity5 has been dramatically in progress over the last ten years, many aspects remain obscure and warrant future investigations for a better comprehension of underlying molecular mechanisms.

title: [From cytogenetics to cytogenomics of adipose tissue @entity5 : 1. Benign adipose tissue XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lipomatous tumors', 'Benign lipomatous tumors']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'hibernomas', 'chondroid lipomas', 'lipomas', 'organic deep-seated lipomas', 'infiltrating intra-muscular lipomas']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities', 'chromosomal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity18391 :: ('MESH:D062689', 'Disease') :: ['Lipoblastomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: @entity5 are characterized at the genetic level by different types of @entity2008 . A rearrangement of the @entity9625 ( @entity9625 ) gene, localized in 12q15 and coding for an architectural non-histone DNA protein, is observed in a majority of solitary superficial @entity362 . Alterations of @entity9625 are often resulting from reciprocal translocations, such as t(3;12)(q27-28;q15) that fuses LPP with @entity9625 , but a variety of @entity2008 , such as deletions, inversions or insertions are also observed. Rearrangements of chromosomal regions 6p21-22, 13q, 11q13, 12q13 or others are described in approximately one third of superficial @entity362 cases with abnormal karyotypes. The genes involved in these alterations remain to be determined. @entity18391 are pediatric neoplasms that are characterized by rearrangements of @entity44810 , located in 8q11-12 whereas @entity362 , that resemble brown fat, are associated with 11q13 rearrangements together with often complex chromosomal alterations. Deletions of 13q and 16q have been identified in spindle cell @entity362 . A t(11;16)(q13;p12-13) have been described in the two published karyotypes of @entity362 . The chromosomal features of other rare benign @entity5 , the differential diagnosis of which is occasionally difficult, such as @entity362 , @entity362 , or @entity359 , myolipomas, myxolipomas are still poorly defined. Although the genetic characterization of benign @entity5 has been dramatically in progress over the last ten years, many aspects remain obscure and warrant future investigations for a better comprehension of underlying molecular mechanisms.

title: [From cytogenetics to cytogenomics of adipose tissue XXXX : 1. Benign adipose tissue @entity5 ].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes and long-term sexual quality of life after @entity2650 surgery. Seventeen-years-old @entity1 operated for a @entity2650 in childhood were included in a transversal study. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 , among the forty @entity1 treated since 1997, accepted to participate. These young @entity1 (mean age at the first surgery was 27.9  20months) were clinically reviewed and responded to questionnaires (EUROQOL 5, IIEF15 and non-validated questionnaire). This study arises about 8.4  5years after the last visit in paediatric department. RESULTS: Mean study age was 21.2  4.7years. One third of @entity1 thought that global quality of life was distorted. Although 33% of the @entity1 had @entity323 , 80% were satisfied with their sexual quality of life. The most important complains were relative to the penile appearance. Number of procedures was not predictive of @entity1 's satisfaction about penile function and appearance. Thirty-three percents of the @entity1 would have been satisfied to have psychological and medical support. They would be interested in having contact with @entity1 who suffered from the same @entity154 . CONCLUSION: These @entity1 had functional and esthetical disturbances. This visit leads to a specific visit in 20% cases. In this study, medical follow-up does not seem to be counselling and had to be adapted. Adequate follow-up transition between paediatric and adult departments especially during adolescence seems to be necessary. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: [Long-term outcomes after XXXX surgery: Sexual reported outcomes and quality of life in adulthood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormality']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['posterior hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: A considerable effort has been made in the last 15 years to evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity460 channel blockers (CCBs) in the treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Available studies have provided strong evidence for a potential detrimental effect of the first-generation calcium antagonists in @entity1 with @entity712 , indicating the need for great caution when these drugs are used in @entity1 with significant @entity308 of left ventricular systolic function. A number of second-generation CCB have demonstrated a strong vasodilatory effect and favorable hemodynamic action but failed to show a similar improvement in exercise capacity, morbidity and mortality. Moreover, drugs such as @entity3360 and @entity10129 have resulted in a detrimental effect in some @entity1 and, therefore, cannot be considered safe when used in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity712 . Available information from the V-HeFT III study demonstrate a lack of an unfavorable effect of @entity10202 on exercise tolerance in @entity1 with @entity712 . Although mortality rate was similar in both the @entity10202 and the placebo group, because of the relatively small number of @entity1 in this study, no clear conclusion can be drawn regarding the effect of @entity10202 on mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 . An encouraging signal regarding a potential role of CCB in the treatment of @entity712 has been provided by the recently completed PRAISE study. This prospective large-scale study demonstrated the safety of @entity3591 , a long-acting @entity7236 derivative, when used in @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity453 . Furthermore, this study demonstrated a substantial reduction in mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 due to nonischemic @entity296 and provided a strong indication for a potential therapeutic benefit of @entity3591 when added to standard @entity712 therapy in this @entity1 population. No clear explanation is available at the present time regarding the reason for the deleterious effect demonstrated with some of the @entity19346 and the contrasting benefit seen with @entity3591 . Finally, more information regarding the safety and efficacy of @entity19346 should become available in the next year. The PRAISE II study is ongoing and will provide further information regarding the therapeutic role of @entity3591 in @entity1 with @entity384 . The MACH-1 study is evaluating the effect of @entity946 , a predominant T-type channel blocker with an ideal activity profile, on morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 .

title: @entity460 channel blockers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'chronic heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity19346 :: ('MESH:D004095', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridines']

entities_list: @entity10202 :: ('MESH:D015736', 'Chemical') :: ['felodipine']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity946 :: ('MESH:D020748', 'Chemical') :: ['mibefradil']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: A considerable effort has been made in the last 15 years to evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity460 channel blockers (CCBs) in the treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Available studies have provided strong evidence for a potential detrimental effect of the first-generation calcium antagonists in @entity1 with @entity712 , indicating the need for great caution when these drugs are used in @entity1 with significant @entity308 of left ventricular systolic function. A number of second-generation CCB have demonstrated a strong vasodilatory effect and favorable hemodynamic action but failed to show a similar improvement in exercise capacity, morbidity and mortality. Moreover, drugs such as @entity3360 and @entity10129 have resulted in a detrimental effect in some @entity1 and, therefore, cannot be considered safe when used in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity712 . Available information from the V-HeFT III study demonstrate a lack of an unfavorable effect of @entity10202 on exercise tolerance in @entity1 with @entity712 . Although mortality rate was similar in both the @entity10202 and the placebo group, because of the relatively small number of @entity1 in this study, no clear conclusion can be drawn regarding the effect of @entity10202 on mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 . An encouraging signal regarding a potential role of CCB in the treatment of @entity712 has been provided by the recently completed PRAISE study. This prospective large-scale study demonstrated the safety of @entity3591 , a long-acting @entity7236 derivative, when used in @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity453 . Furthermore, this study demonstrated a substantial reduction in mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 due to nonischemic @entity296 and provided a strong indication for a potential therapeutic benefit of @entity3591 when added to standard @entity712 therapy in this @entity1 population. No clear explanation is available at the present time regarding the reason for the deleterious effect demonstrated with some of the @entity19346 and the contrasting benefit seen with @entity3591 . Finally, more information regarding the safety and efficacy of @entity19346 should become available in the next year. The PRAISE II study is ongoing and will provide further information regarding the therapeutic role of @entity3591 in @entity1 with @entity384 . The MACH-1 study is evaluating the effect of @entity946 , a predominant T-type channel blocker with an ideal activity profile, on morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 .

title: XXXX channel blockers in @entity712 .

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity660 is a dangerous complication in @entity1230 , and experience with its diagnosis and treatment is usually limited. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 3,840 @entity1 admitted after multiple @entity130 from January 1, 1982, until May 31, 2000. RESULTS: A laparotomy was performed in 121 cases (3.15%) due to suspected @entity1320 . 32% of the @entity1 (39/121) had a @entity660 ; 23% (9/39) had a rupture of the major pancreatic duct. Primary laparotomy was performed in 72% of the @entity1 (28/39). Superficial lesions were treated by explorative laparotomy alone (n = 7), debridement and external drainage (n = 20), or necrosectomy and lavage (n = 3). @entity660 were treated by pancreatojejunostomies (n = 5), pancreatic left resections (n = 2), or exploration alone (n = 2). 8 of 39 @entity1 died (20%), 4 intraoperatively. Of the surviving 35 @entity1 , a pancreas-associated complication developed in 8 @entity1 (23%): pancreatic abscesses (n = 4), traumatic @entity788 (n = 3), @entity3472 (n = 2), and @entity9007 (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: @entity660 is an infrequent but dangerous complication in severe @entity130 . Superficial lesions not affecting the major pancreatic duct can be managed by debridement and external drainage. If the major pancreatic duct is ruptured, organ-preserving, complex reconstructive procedures are necessary. When diagnosed timely and treated according to severity and overall situation, @entity660 have an acceptable morbidity, but usually a high mortality.

title: XXXX in severe @entity130 : early diagnosis and therapy improve the outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injuries', 'Pancreatic injury', 'pancreatic lesion', 'Complex pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injury']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal lesion']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity660 is a dangerous complication in @entity1230 , and experience with its diagnosis and treatment is usually limited. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 3,840 @entity1 admitted after multiple @entity130 from January 1, 1982, until May 31, 2000. RESULTS: A laparotomy was performed in 121 cases (3.15%) due to suspected @entity1320 . 32% of the @entity1 (39/121) had a @entity660 ; 23% (9/39) had a rupture of the major pancreatic duct. Primary laparotomy was performed in 72% of the @entity1 (28/39). Superficial lesions were treated by explorative laparotomy alone (n = 7), debridement and external drainage (n = 20), or necrosectomy and lavage (n = 3). @entity660 were treated by pancreatojejunostomies (n = 5), pancreatic left resections (n = 2), or exploration alone (n = 2). 8 of 39 @entity1 died (20%), 4 intraoperatively. Of the surviving 35 @entity1 , a pancreas-associated complication developed in 8 @entity1 (23%): pancreatic abscesses (n = 4), traumatic @entity788 (n = 3), @entity3472 (n = 2), and @entity9007 (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: @entity660 is an infrequent but dangerous complication in severe @entity130 . Superficial lesions not affecting the major pancreatic duct can be managed by debridement and external drainage. If the major pancreatic duct is ruptured, organ-preserving, complex reconstructive procedures are necessary. When diagnosed timely and treated according to severity and overall situation, @entity660 have an acceptable morbidity, but usually a high mortality.

title: @entity660 in severe XXXX : early diagnosis and therapy improve the outcome.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: This paper presents a critical assessment of protein C (PC) and @entity4889 ( @entity4889 ) functional and immunological approaches with regard to DNA sequencing in a large hospital recruitment for @entity715 exploration in more than 1700 consecutive @entity1 . After examination of clinical status and PC and @entity4889 phenotype, a genotypic study was implemented for 17 @entity7131 and 28 @entity4889 @entity1 (activity < 70%). Sixty-five percent of the genotyped @entity7131 @entity1 were found to have heterozygous mutations. Among the < 70% values, decreases in PC activity without gene mutation were always slight (mean value 64 +/- 7%) while @entity1 presenting a PC gene mutation had a mean 50 +/- 17% activity (P < 0.05). Among the eight PC mutations found, only one has previously been described. A novel mutation in the promoter region (-1522), located in the @entity5448 site and associated with the @entity70587 heterozygous mutation, was found in a 9-month-old @entity1 with 4% PC activity. Determination of @entity4889 functional activity was considerably improved by contemporaneous measurement of calibration and samples in a single step. Only 50% of the genotyped @entity4889 @entity1 demonstrated heterozygous alterations of the gene. The benefit of sequencing to identify putative causal mutations was only 39% in @entity4889 @entity1 , while it was 90% in @entity1 . Among the nine @entity4889 mutations found, six have not yet been published. In the present paper, we explain our methodological choices and diagnostic strategy.

title: Protein C and XXXX assessment in hospital laboratories: which strategy and what role for DNA sequencing?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'girl', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['protein S', 'PS-deficient', 'PS']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PC-deficient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity4889 :: (MESH:D018455,Disease) :: ['protein S']


abstract: A patient with @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) and a history of heparin-induced @entity882 required lepirudin therapy. The @entity1 had an abnormal baseline activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), complicating management of his therapy. We investigated whether an alternative monitoring system, using a dry reagent technology [ @entity262 ( @entity262 )], could be used to monitor the @entity1 's whole blood ecarin clot time (ECT) and aPTT. Baseline values for the ECT and aPTT were normal with this system. During a continuous infusion of lepirudin, the @entity1 's whole blood ECT was maintained between a desired range of 150-200 s for 73% of the time. Similarly, his whole blood aPTT was maintained between 60 and 80 s for 80% of the time. In contrast, the @entity1 's plasma-based aPTT by standard methods was consistently > 150 s. The @entity1 underwent surgical procedures without complications. To further investigate the finding that the patient's antibody did not affect the aPTT with this system, we performed the ECT and the aPTT assays on the @entity262 Analyzer with plasma samples from 10 @entity1 with @entity1701 and abnormal aPTTs. All 10 samples had plasma ECT values within the normal range. Four @entity1 had normalization of the aPTT, suggesting that a subset of @entity1 with @entity1701 may benefit from the @entity262 aPTT assay when monitoring heparin or other anticoagulation therapy.

title: Management of lepirudin therapy for a patient with XXXX using the whole blood ecarin clot time and activated partial thromboplastin time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombolytic Assessment System', 'TAS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid antibody syndrome']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid antibody syndrome']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity306 may develop differences in limb length; when severe, limb length equalization may be recommended. Serial bone ages are necessary to predict when to perform equalization procedures. By convention, the left hand is always used to determine bone age. There is little information regarding the effect of @entity1158 on bone age. It was postulated that @entity1 with left @entity1158 will show a delay in bone age compared with those with right @entity1158 , and it was the purpose of this study to review this question. A retrospective review of 38 @entity1 (27 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) with @entity306 between 1980 and 2000 was performed. The @entity1158 involved the right side in 21 and the left side in 17. The hand-wrist bone age was determined by one observer using the Greulich and @entity16250 . The paired t test was used to analyze for differences between bone age and chronologic age. There was no difference between the average chronologic age (12.0+/-3.5 years) and average bone age (12.0+/-3.7 years) (P=0.83). There was no difference between the chronologic and bone age for either those with right @entity1158 (P=0.65) or left @entity1158 (P=0.87). It is not necessary to obtain radiographs of both hands in @entity1 with @entity1158 during routine monitoring of limb length discrepancies.

title: Bone age in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['hemiplegic cerebral palsy']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity306 may develop differences in limb length; when severe, limb length equalization may be recommended. Serial bone ages are necessary to predict when to perform equalization procedures. By convention, the left hand is always used to determine bone age. There is little information regarding the effect of @entity1158 on bone age. It was postulated that @entity1 with left @entity1158 will show a delay in bone age compared with those with right @entity1158 , and it was the purpose of this study to review this question. A retrospective review of 38 @entity1 (27 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) with @entity306 between 1980 and 2000 was performed. The @entity1158 involved the right side in 21 and the left side in 17. The hand-wrist bone age was determined by one observer using the Greulich and @entity16250 . The paired t test was used to analyze for differences between bone age and chronologic age. There was no difference between the average chronologic age (12.0+/-3.5 years) and average bone age (12.0+/-3.7 years) (P=0.83). There was no difference between the chronologic and bone age for either those with right @entity1158 (P=0.65) or left @entity1158 (P=0.87). It is not necessary to obtain radiographs of both hands in @entity1 with @entity1158 during routine monitoring of limb length discrepancies.

title: Bone age in XXXX with @entity306 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of @entity419 (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for @entity14 screening in asymptomatic individuals. The subjects consisted of 3210 physical check-up examinees (1736 @entity1 , 1474 @entity1 ; mean age +/- SD, 53.2 +/- 8 y) with non-specific medical history. In the control group, 12 @entity1 who had gastrointestinal symptoms with biopsy-proved @entity694 were recruited. Whole-body FDG PET was performed on all @entity1 . Focal hypermetabolic areas with an intensity equal to or exceeding the level of FDG uptake in the brain and bladder were considered abnormal and interpreted as intraluminal @entity5 . Among the 3210 FDG PET examinations, advanced @entity5 was present in 20 examinations, including 2 tubular adenomas larger than 1 cm, 12 @entity5 . Of 6 examinees diagnosed with @entity5 , one had a Dukes stage A lesion, four had Dukes stage B lesion and one had a Dukes stage C lesion. In the control group, of 12 @entity1 with biopsy-proved @entity189 followed by FDG PET scan, six had a Dukes stage B lesion, four had Dukes stage C lesion and two had a Dukes stage D lesion. The mean and standard deviation of standard uptake value (SUV) in @entity1586 and @entity189 is 3.56 +/- 0.68 and 5.74 +/- 2.26, respectively. The sensitivity of using FDG PET in the detection of primary @entity14 is high. Primary @entity14 can be detected with FDG PET in a resectable stage. FDG PET could detect large size (> 0.7 cm) and pre-malignant change of @entity1586 . It is possible to differentiate @entity652 from @entity694 by an increased rate of glycolysis (SUV) in @entity189 .

title: XXXX screening in asymptomatic adults: the role of FDG PET scan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenomas and 6 cancers', 'cancer', 'neoplasia', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'carcinoma of colon']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: Thirty cases of @entity43 of low malignant potential (ETLMP) were studied and compared with 32 cases of well-differentiated @entity4348 . ETLMP was distinguished from well-differentiated @entity4348 by the absence of destructive stromal invasion, glandular confluence, or stromal disappearance. @entity189 in a low malignant potential @entity5 was defined as areas showing grade 3 nuclei, sometimes associated with an intracystic villoglandular or cribriform pattern. Microinvasion in an ETLMP was defined as one or more areas of invasion with an area of < or =10 mm2. Because a cribriform pattern may be seen in purely intraglandular proliferations, the latter was not taken as evidence of invasion. The @entity1 with ETLMP ranged from 28 to 86 years of age (mean 54.9 years), and only one @entity1 (3%) had other than stage I disease at presentation. The @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity4348 ranged from 26 to 87 years of age (mean 51.1 years), and three @entity1 (9%) had stage II disease at presentation. An adenofibromatous pattern was present in 47% of cases of ETLMP and squamous differentiation in 47%; @entity189 occurred in 7% of cases and stromal microinvasion in 7%. None of these findings appeared to influence the prognosis because all @entity1 with ETLMP were free of recurrent disease or @entity3 on follow-up, whereas 20% of @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity4348 followed for >6 months developed recurrent disease. Thus, the prognosis of ETLMP, when defined by the above criteria, is favorable and is superior to that of well-differentiated @entity4348 .

title: @entity43 of low malignant potential: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases with comparison to well-differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometrioid tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial carcinoma', 'Intraepithelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma', 'endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Thirty cases of @entity43 of low malignant potential (ETLMP) were studied and compared with 32 cases of well-differentiated @entity4348 . ETLMP was distinguished from well-differentiated @entity4348 by the absence of destructive stromal invasion, glandular confluence, or stromal disappearance. @entity189 in a low malignant potential @entity5 was defined as areas showing grade 3 nuclei, sometimes associated with an intracystic villoglandular or cribriform pattern. Microinvasion in an ETLMP was defined as one or more areas of invasion with an area of < or =10 mm2. Because a cribriform pattern may be seen in purely intraglandular proliferations, the latter was not taken as evidence of invasion. The @entity1 with ETLMP ranged from 28 to 86 years of age (mean 54.9 years), and only one @entity1 (3%) had other than stage I disease at presentation. The @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity4348 ranged from 26 to 87 years of age (mean 51.1 years), and three @entity1 (9%) had stage II disease at presentation. An adenofibromatous pattern was present in 47% of cases of ETLMP and squamous differentiation in 47%; @entity189 occurred in 7% of cases and stromal microinvasion in 7%. None of these findings appeared to influence the prognosis because all @entity1 with ETLMP were free of recurrent disease or @entity3 on follow-up, whereas 20% of @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity4348 followed for >6 months developed recurrent disease. Thus, the prognosis of ETLMP, when defined by the above criteria, is favorable and is superior to that of well-differentiated @entity4348 .

title: XXXX of low malignant potential: a clinicopathologic study of 30 cases with comparison to well-differentiated @entity4348 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian endometrioid tumors']


abstract: Surgical correction of @entity91 ( @entity91 ) focuses on the asymmetry of the forehead and orbits. However, there is controversy regarding whether nasal angulation should be addressed during primary fronto-orbital advancement in infancy. This prospective study was undertaken to answer that question. Preoperative and postoperative anthropometric measurements were obtained for 19 @entity1 with nonsyndromic @entity91 . The measurements included nasal angulation, nasion-to-endocanthion distance, nasion-to-exocanthion distance, and exocanthion-to-tragion distance. All @entity1 underwent bilateral parallelogrammatic fronto-orbital correction. Closing wedge nasal ostectomy was performed for group I (n = 14) and was not performed for group II (n = 5). The average age at the time of follow-up assessments was 3 years 8 months (range, 1 to 14 years) in group I and 5 years 5 months (range, 2 to 15 years) in group II. A statistically significant change was observed for @entity1 who underwent primary correction of nasal angulation; the change correlated with improved naso-orbital symmetry, as judged with nasion-to-endocanthion and nasion-to-exocanthion measurements (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Group I @entity1 exhibited an average preoperative nasal angulation of 9.15 +/- 0.8 degrees that decreased to 3.1 +/- 0.6 degrees postoperatively (p < 0.01). Group II @entity1 exhibited an average preoperative nasal angulation of 6.4 +/- 0.7 degrees that was unchanged postoperatively at 7.2 +/- 1 degrees. The improvement in nasal angulation in group I was particularly striking because the @entity1 in group II exhibited, on average, a lesser degree of preoperative nasal deviation (p < 0.01). This prospective comparison of fronto-orbital correction of @entity91 with and without nasal correction confirmed an earlier study and demonstrated that angulation of the nasal pyramid does not self-correct within 5 years after traditional bilateral fronto-orbital repair. Closing wedge nasal ostectomy results in improved nasal angulation and naso-orbital symmetry, without evidence of distortion or inhibition of nasal growth.

title: Anthropometric study of XXXX : before and after fronto-orbital advancement with correction of nasal angulation.

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral coronal synostosis', 'synostotic frontal plagiocephaly']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'patients']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['synostotic frontal plagiocephaly']


abstract: This study was conducted to assess the outcome of transcaruncular orbital decompression to treat @entity1781 in thyroid-related orbitopathy. It involved a retrospective, noncomparative case series of 18 eyes of 10 consecutive @entity1 with documented vision loss secondary to thyroid-related orbitopathy. Bony decompression of the orbital apex was performed via a transcaruncular approach. Main outcome measures were visual acuity, color vision, presence of @entity892 , and reduction of exophthalmos. Of 18 eyes, 16 (89 percent) had improved visual acuity after the operation. One eye had no improvement and one had worsening of vision in the setting of @entity6 . Color vision was improved in 12 eyes (67 percent). Five of the @entity1 did not have @entity892 before the operation; none of these @entity1 developed @entity892 after intervention. Exophthalmos was decreased by an average of 2.6 mm. The authors conclude that transcaruncular orbital decompression for @entity1781 in thyroid-related orbitopathy is successful in restoring visual function. Compared with other approaches used for decompression surgery, the transcaruncular approach offers direct access to the medial wall and orbital apex without a cutaneous incision or disruption of the medial canthus. In addition, this approach allows a controlled, graded removal of the ethmoidal air cells and reduced recovery time.

title: Transcaruncular orbital decompression for management of XXXX in thyroid-related orbitopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['double vision', 'diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['compressive optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['compressive optic neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of @entity2625 tooth bleaching, including Crest Whitestrips @entity273 treatments, on the @entity174 susceptibility and surface morphology of @entity1 tooth enamel in vitro. METHODOLOGY: Extracted @entity1 molars were ground and polished to prepare a uniform substrate for bleaching treatments. A cycling treatment methodology was employed which alternated ex vivo @entity1 salivary exposures with bleaching treatments under conditions of controlled temperature and durations of treatment. Bleaching treatments included commercial Crest Whitestrips bleaching gels, which utilize @entity273 as the in situ bleaching source, and several commercial @entity12946 bleaching gels. Control treatments included placebo gels and an untreated group. Crest Whitestrips bleaching included treatment exposures simulating recommended clinical exposures (14 hours of bleaching), along with excess bleaching simulating exposure to five times the suggested Crest Whitestrips use. At the conclusion of treatments, surface color measurements were taken to ensure tooth bleaching. Surface microhardness measures and surface morphological assessments with SEM were conducted to assess the effects of bleaching exposure on the surface morphology and mineral integrity of the teeth. These latter measures were then complemented with assessments of @entity174 susceptibility utilizing detailed analyses of crack propagation resulting from post-treatment microhardness indentations. RESULTS: Surface microhardness and SEM measures revealed no deleterious effects on the enamel surfaces from any of the bleaching products assessed. This included conditions of excess bleaching exposure or "overbleaching." The analysis of @entity174 susceptibility similarly revealed no significant effects from tooth bleaching, regardless of the @entity2625 source. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that tooth bleaching from the selected commercial @entity273 or @entity12946 bleaching systems do not produce changes in surface morphology, microhardness or @entity174 susceptibility of @entity1 tooth enamel under in vitro cycling conditions of treatment matching clinical bleaching exposures. These results support the clinical safety of the selected commercial bleaching systems to vital dentition, matching results obtained from the long-term use of these ingredients applied in dental offices and available in commercial formulations.

title: Effects of Crest Whitestrips bleaching on surface morphology and XXXX susceptibility of teeth in vitro.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity12946 :: ('MESH:C009096', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamide peroxide']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The eye primordium of the moth, @entity4079 , shows two different developmental responses to ecdysteroids depending on the concentration to which it is exposed. Tonic exposure to moderate levels of @entity11088 (20E) or its precursor, @entity4080 , are required for progression of the morphogenetic furrow across the primordium. Proliferation, cell-type specification and organization of immature ommatidial clusters occur in conjunction with furrow progression. These events can be reversibly started or stopped in cultured primordia simply by adjusting levels of @entity8827 to be above or below a critical threshold concentration. In contrast, high levels of 20E cause maturation of the photoreceptors and the support cells that comprise the ommatidia. Ommatidial maturation normally occurs after the furrow has crossed the primordium, but premature exposure to high levels of 20E at any time causes precocious maturation. In such cases, the @entity1167 irreversibly and cells behind the furrow produce a well-formed, but miniature, eye. Precocious and catastrophic metamorphosis occurs throughout such animals, suggesting that ecdysteroids control development of other tissues in a manner similar to the eye. The threshold concentrations of 20E required for furrow progression versus ommatidial maturation differ by about 17-fold. This capacity to regulate distinct phases of development by different concentrations of a single hormone is probably achieved by differential sensitivity of target gene promoters to induction by the hormone-bound receptor(s).

title: Ecdysteroids govern two phases of eye development during metamorphosis of the moth, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta']

entities_list: @entity8827 :: ('MESH:D026461', 'Chemical') :: ['ecdysteroid']

entities_list: @entity4080 :: ('MESH:D004440', 'Chemical') :: ['ecdysone']

entities_list: @entity11088 :: ('MESH:D004441', 'Chemical') :: ['20-hydroxyecdysone']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['furrow arrests']

answer: @entity4079 :: (7130,Species) :: ['Manduca sexta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many histopathologic parameters in @entity957 have been identified as predictive factors for cervical lymph @entity3 . However, predictive factors for occult cervical lymph node @entity3 and the criterion for elective therapy remain inconclusive. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic factors associated with late cervical lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5772 . METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 50 consecutive @entity1 seen between January 1985-December 1996 with previously untreated stage I or II @entity957 were reviewed. All @entity1 were treated with partial glossectomy without elective neck dissection. Their mean age was 54.5 y (range, 23-90 y) and the male-female ratio was 1.2:1 (27 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 ); 30 cases were stage I, and 20 cases were stage II. Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed to determine factors predicting late cervical @entity1600 . RESULTS: The overall cervical @entity1600 rate was 14.0% (7 of 50). Clinicopathologic factors significantly associated with the development of cervical @entity1600 were @entity5 size (> or =30 mm), @entity5 depth (> or =4 mm), differentiation, mode of invasion, microvascular invasion, and histologic grade of @entity5 . In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, moderately differentiated @entity957 with @entity5 depth > or =4 mm had predictive value for late cervical @entity1600 and diminished overall survival (odds ratio, 10.0; p =.02; hazards ratio, 7.0; p =.039). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate @entity5 depth > or =4 mm moderately differentiated @entity957 have a substantially higher rate of late cervical @entity3 . In the basis of these data, it is our recommendation that this be used in the decision to electively treat the neck.

title: Risk factors for late cervical lymph node XXXX in @entity1 with stage I or II @entity5772 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the tongue']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many histopathologic parameters in @entity957 have been identified as predictive factors for cervical lymph @entity3 . However, predictive factors for occult cervical lymph node @entity3 and the criterion for elective therapy remain inconclusive. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic factors associated with late cervical lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5772 . METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 50 consecutive @entity1 seen between January 1985-December 1996 with previously untreated stage I or II @entity957 were reviewed. All @entity1 were treated with partial glossectomy without elective neck dissection. Their mean age was 54.5 y (range, 23-90 y) and the male-female ratio was 1.2:1 (27 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 ); 30 cases were stage I, and 20 cases were stage II. Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed to determine factors predicting late cervical @entity1600 . RESULTS: The overall cervical @entity1600 rate was 14.0% (7 of 50). Clinicopathologic factors significantly associated with the development of cervical @entity1600 were @entity5 size (> or =30 mm), @entity5 depth (> or =4 mm), differentiation, mode of invasion, microvascular invasion, and histologic grade of @entity5 . In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, moderately differentiated @entity957 with @entity5 depth > or =4 mm had predictive value for late cervical @entity1600 and diminished overall survival (odds ratio, 10.0; p =.02; hazards ratio, 7.0; p =.039). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate @entity5 depth > or =4 mm moderately differentiated @entity957 have a substantially higher rate of late cervical @entity3 . In the basis of these data, it is our recommendation that this be used in the decision to electively treat the neck.

title: Risk factors for late cervical lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with stage I or II XXXX .

answer: @entity5772 :: (MESH:D014062,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the tongue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many histopathologic parameters in @entity957 have been identified as predictive factors for cervical lymph @entity3 . However, predictive factors for occult cervical lymph node @entity3 and the criterion for elective therapy remain inconclusive. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic factors associated with late cervical lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5772 . METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 50 consecutive @entity1 seen between January 1985-December 1996 with previously untreated stage I or II @entity957 were reviewed. All @entity1 were treated with partial glossectomy without elective neck dissection. Their mean age was 54.5 y (range, 23-90 y) and the male-female ratio was 1.2:1 (27 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 ); 30 cases were stage I, and 20 cases were stage II. Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed to determine factors predicting late cervical @entity1600 . RESULTS: The overall cervical @entity1600 rate was 14.0% (7 of 50). Clinicopathologic factors significantly associated with the development of cervical @entity1600 were @entity5 size (> or =30 mm), @entity5 depth (> or =4 mm), differentiation, mode of invasion, microvascular invasion, and histologic grade of @entity5 . In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, moderately differentiated @entity957 with @entity5 depth > or =4 mm had predictive value for late cervical @entity1600 and diminished overall survival (odds ratio, 10.0; p =.02; hazards ratio, 7.0; p =.039). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate @entity5 depth > or =4 mm moderately differentiated @entity957 have a substantially higher rate of late cervical @entity3 . In the basis of these data, it is our recommendation that this be used in the decision to electively treat the neck.

title: Risk factors for late cervical lymph node @entity3 in XXXX with stage I or II @entity5772 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is controversy regarding bronchial responsiveness to b2-agonist drugs in @entity565 . Epithelial shedding in the airways is a pathological feature of @entity565 . Therefore, the present study focused on the effect of epithelial denudation of @entity840 tracheal chains in response to @entity3044 and b-adrenergic receptor blockade. MATERIAL/METHODS: In control (group 1, n=10), epithelium-denuded (group 2, n=10), and epithelium-denuded + epithelial cell (group 3 n=6) we measured the responses of tracheal chains to cumulative concentrations of @entity3044 (I) in the absence and presence of 10 nM @entity1169 , and the value of EC50I was calculated. The @entity1169 blockade (CR-1) was calculated as the ratio of post @entity1169 EC50I to initial EC50I. RESULTS: The tracheal responses to @entity3044 (EC50I) in groups 2 and 3 was significantly higher than in the controls (p<0.05 for both cases), but was not significantly different between the groups 2 and 3. The values of CR-1 in group 2 only was significantly higher than the controls (p<0.001). The mean CR-1 in group 3 was significantly lower than in group 2 (p<0.01). There was significant negative correlation between EC50I and CR-1 in all three groups (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate increased tracheal response to a b-adrenergic stimulating drug in both groups 1 and 2, and enhancement of b-adrenergic blockade by @entity1169 only in group 1. These results may indicate some of the mechanisms of @entity565 aggravation by b2-antagonist drugs.

title: The influence of epithelium on the responsiveness of XXXX trachea to -adrenergic agonist and antagonist.

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: It is thought that galanin, a 29 amino acid neuropeptide, is involved in various neuronal functions, including the regulation of food intake and hormone release. Consistent with this idea, galanin receptors have been demonstrated throughout the brain, with high levels being observed in the hypothalamus. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which galanin elicits its actions in the brain. Therefore, we studied the effects of galanin and its analogs on synaptic transmission using an in vitro slice preparation of @entity35 hypothalamus. In arcuate nucleus neurons, application of @entity16424 resulted in an inhibition of evoked glutamatergic EPSCs and a decrease in @entity308 , indicating a presynaptic action. The fragments galanin 1-16 and 1-15 produced a robust @entity308 of synaptic transmission, whereas the fragment 3-29 produced a @entity308 . The chimeric peptides C7, M15, M32, and M40, which have been reported to antagonize some actions of galanin, all produced varying degrees of @entity308 of evoked EPSCs. In a minority of cases, C7, M15, and M40 antagonized the actions of galanin. Analysis of mEPSCs in the presence of @entity4524 and @entity3280 , or after application of alpha-latrotoxin, indicated a site of action for galanin downstream of @entity141 entry. Thus, our data suggest that galanin acts via several subtypes of presynaptic receptors to depress synaptic transmission in the @entity35 arcuate nucleus.

title: XXXX receptor-mediated inhibition of glutamate release in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['paired-pulse depression', 'depression', 'lesser degree of depression']

answer: @entity16424 :: (MESH:D019004,Chemical) :: ['Galanin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity74 are often difficult to diagnose because the specific symptoms of @entity1005 (revival, hyperarousal, avoidance) are rarely a direct demand for health care: for reasons determined by the psychopathological structure of @entity130 , its symptomatology and course, the psychotraumatised subjects seek a care system for nonspecific @entity2531 : @entity308 , @entity73 , other @entity148 , histrionic and obsessive symptoms, changes in personality, @entity2531 and @entity2531 . @entity158 may also result from a @entity1317 , addictive or consequences of risk behaviours during the evolution of @entity1005 . OBJECTIVES: To establish a correlation between the PCLS and the evaluation of the healthcare consumption in a military population. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter epidemiological study analyzing the PCLS and a questionnaire assessing health care consumption. The PCLS has been studied in various forms: quantitative (17  to 85), in qualitative classes (<33, 33  to 43  and >= 44), and in five sub-dimensions (flashbacks, avoidance, dissociation, @entity308 and @entity2915 ). The sub-dimension revival was then studied item by item. The criteria used care consumption over the last twelve months is the numbers of days of sick leave, days of unavailability (of certain jobs or military activities) and consultations. RESULTS: Our population of 340  subjects cannot be considered representative of the French military population even if only a few characteristics differ. Sixteen of 340  subjects show a positive PCLS is 4.70% of our sample. PCLS average of 23 (  9.4) with a median of 19  objectifying much of PCLS have almost zero score. Validating our main hypothesis, we found a statistically significant relationship between elements of the PCLS and variables care consumption: this link exists mainly between the score, classes and sub-dimensions of the PCLS in one hand and number of days of sick leave and unavailability on the other hand. DISCUSSION: Towards a strategy for tracking @entity74 , could be developed a score of health care consumption which would include the number of days of sick leave and unavailability, the number and quality of medical consultations, the number and quality of drug and laboratory requirements, the number of hospitalisations. To the identification of @entity1005 , the PCLS score as well as the consumer healthcare score are valuable tools but do not replace the subjectivity of the clinical relationship: return to this shared subjectivity with the practitioner remains a diagnostic dimension, but also therapeutic, fundamental.

title: [Correlation between specific and nonspecific XXXX symptoms with healthcare consumption among 340  French soldiers].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['psychological or somatoform symptoms', 'pain disorders', 'somatization']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychotraumatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Somatic pain']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['war injury and psychosomatic complications']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to establish a reliable educational model for and a further refinement of arthroscopic surgery in the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: As a first step, the lateral-medial (length) and anterior-posterior distances (width) of the mandibular head of nine @entity1707 cadavers (country breed) of about 30 ( n=3), 60 ( n=3) and 90 kg ( n=3) body weight were measured and compared with findings in 12 adult @entity1 cadavers. The best points of access for the arthroscopic and lavage channels using the triangulation technique were determined. As determined by these findings, 15 arthroscopies were performed on eight @entity1707 TMJs under general anaesthetic. A control arthroscopy was performed after 2 weeks followed by another clinical follow-up at 4 weeks before the @entity1707 were sacrificed. RESULTS: The @entity1348 of the @entity1707 between 30 and 60 kg body weight was found to be highly comparable to the @entity1 @entity1348 . The best locations for puncturing the upper joint compartment of the @entity1348 in @entity1707 were 5.0 cm and 6.1 cm anterior to the tragus on a line drawn along the lower margin of the zygoma. The only complication encountered was a @entity281 treated successfully by antibiotics and incision. CONCLUSIONS: In our opinion, a standard and easily reproducible model is necessary for further studies in arthroscopic @entity1348 -surgery. The country bred @entity1707 represents a good model for educational purposes and for studying further refinements of arthroscopic technique.

title: [Development, standardisation and evaluation of a model for arthroscopic surgery of the joint. An experimental study in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous infection']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of stage IIIc poorly differentiated @entity1204 with @entity3567 differentiation and to review previously reported cases. METHODS: The clinical course and histopathology of the case were reviewed, and a literature search for other reported cases was performed. RESULTS: The @entity5 contained syncytiotrophoblast-like giant cells that stained positively for the beta subunit of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), and the patient's serum beta-hCG level was elevated (95 mIU/ml), but became undetectable after treatment. Beta-hCG was used as a @entity5 marker during further therapy. At 16 months' survival, she remains without evidence of disease and with a beta-hCG (level < 5 mIU/ml). Nine other cases of @entity3567 differentiation in gynecologic @entity5 have been reported, five in @entity1204 which we review. CONCLUSIONS: Trophoblastic differentiation in gynecologic @entity5 is rare. Beta-hCG may be useful as a @entity5 marker in these cases. The clinical behavior of these @entity5 has been aggressive, with advanced stages at diagnosis, early widespread metastases or recurrences and poor @entity1 outcomes. The @entity1 presented in this report, however, remains without evidence of disease 16 months following diagnosis and may be the longest survivor with this @entity5 reported to date.

title: @entity1204 with XXXX differentiation.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nontrophoblastic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['trophoblastic']

answer: @entity3567 :: (MESH:D014328,Disease) :: ['trophoblastic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of stage IIIc poorly differentiated @entity1204 with @entity3567 differentiation and to review previously reported cases. METHODS: The clinical course and histopathology of the case were reviewed, and a literature search for other reported cases was performed. RESULTS: The @entity5 contained syncytiotrophoblast-like giant cells that stained positively for the beta subunit of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), and the patient's serum beta-hCG level was elevated (95 mIU/ml), but became undetectable after treatment. Beta-hCG was used as a @entity5 marker during further therapy. At 16 months' survival, she remains without evidence of disease and with a beta-hCG (level < 5 mIU/ml). Nine other cases of @entity3567 differentiation in gynecologic @entity5 have been reported, five in @entity1204 which we review. CONCLUSIONS: Trophoblastic differentiation in gynecologic @entity5 is rare. Beta-hCG may be useful as a @entity5 marker in these cases. The clinical behavior of these @entity5 has been aggressive, with advanced stages at diagnosis, early widespread metastases or recurrences and poor @entity1 outcomes. The @entity1 presented in this report, however, remains without evidence of disease 16 months following diagnosis and may be the longest survivor with this @entity5 reported to date.

title: XXXX with @entity3567 differentiation.

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The epizootiology and histopathology of the myxosporean Parvicapsula sp. was studied during monthly health surveys of 4 groups of @entity2322 @entity2322 at a commercial farm in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, from 1984 to 1986. No Parvicapsula sp. was detected in histological samples taken from juvenile fish in fresh water, but the parasite was detected in fish from all groups 2 to 8 mo after transfer to seawater net pens. Groups placed in seawater net pens in November and December had a higher prevalence of @entity281 , and a longer period of continuous detected @entity281 , than those introduced into net pens in May. For the groups transferred to seawater in November and December, the highest @entity281 prevalence (45 to 90%) was detected during the following March and April. Among 13 tissues examined histologically, only the pseudobranch and kidney were positive for Parvicapsula sp., with 26 (62%) of 42 positive fish showing @entity281 only in the pseudobranch, 5 (12%) showing @entity281 only in the kidney, and 11 (26%) showing @entity281 in both organs. Both the pseudobranch and kidney were apparent primary @entity281 sites, but @entity281 appeared to persist longer in a population. @entity281 were frequently heavy and associated with extensive @entity32 and @entity39 of filament and lamellar tissues. The kidney had been the only @entity281 site reported for Parvicapsula sp. in previous studies of @entity2322 .

title: Epizootiology and histopathology of Parvicapsula sp. in XXXX @entity2322 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'Pseudobranch infections', 'pseudobranch infections']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2322 :: ('8019', 'Species') :: ['coho salmon', 'Oncorhynchus kisutch']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity2322 :: (8019,Species) :: ['coho salmon']


abstract: The epizootiology and histopathology of the myxosporean Parvicapsula sp. was studied during monthly health surveys of 4 groups of @entity2322 @entity2322 at a commercial farm in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, from 1984 to 1986. No Parvicapsula sp. was detected in histological samples taken from juvenile fish in fresh water, but the parasite was detected in fish from all groups 2 to 8 mo after transfer to seawater net pens. Groups placed in seawater net pens in November and December had a higher prevalence of @entity281 , and a longer period of continuous detected @entity281 , than those introduced into net pens in May. For the groups transferred to seawater in November and December, the highest @entity281 prevalence (45 to 90%) was detected during the following March and April. Among 13 tissues examined histologically, only the pseudobranch and kidney were positive for Parvicapsula sp., with 26 (62%) of 42 positive fish showing @entity281 only in the pseudobranch, 5 (12%) showing @entity281 only in the kidney, and 11 (26%) showing @entity281 in both organs. Both the pseudobranch and kidney were apparent primary @entity281 sites, but @entity281 appeared to persist longer in a population. @entity281 were frequently heavy and associated with extensive @entity32 and @entity39 of filament and lamellar tissues. The kidney had been the only @entity281 site reported for Parvicapsula sp. in previous studies of @entity2322 .

title: Epizootiology and histopathology of Parvicapsula sp. in @entity2322 XXXX .

answer: @entity2322 :: (8019,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus kisutch']


abstract: The main aim of this study was to assess the kinetics of intracellular free @entity460 ( @entity141 i) handling by isolated @entity35 hearts rendered @entity63 for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion analyzing the upstroke and downslope of the @entity141 i transient. Changes in mechanical performance and degradation of membrane phospholipids--estimated by tissue @entity1426 content--were correlated with @entity141 i levels of the heart. The fluorescence ratio technique was applied to estimate @entity141 i. The disappearance of mechanical activity of the heart preceded that of the @entity141 i transient in the first 2 min of @entity63 . The slope of upstroke of the @entity141 i transient, reflecting @entity141 release, decreased by 60%, while the duration of the downslope of the transient, reflecting @entity141 sequestration, expressed a significant prolongation (105 +/- 17 vs. 149 +/- 39 msec) during the first 3 min of @entity63 . At about 20 min of @entity63 end-diastolic pressure expressed a 3.5-fold increase (contracture) when the fluorescence ratio showed a 2-fold elevation. Reperfusion was accompanied with a further precipitous increase in end-diastolic pressure, while resting @entity141 i remained at end- @entity63 levels. Increases in the @entity1426 (AA) content of the @entity63 and postischemic hearts were proportional to @entity141 i levels. In summary, the present findings indicate that both @entity460 release and removal are hampered during the early phase of @entity63 . Moreover, a critical level of @entity141 i and a critical duration of @entity63 may exist to provoke contracture of the heart. Upon reperfusion the hearts show membrane phospholipid degradation and signs of stunning exemplified by elevated AA levels, partial recovery of @entity141 i handling and sustained @entity308 of mechanical performance.

title: Time related changes in XXXX handling in the isolated @entity63 and reperfused @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The main aim of this study was to assess the kinetics of intracellular free @entity460 ( @entity141 i) handling by isolated @entity35 hearts rendered @entity63 for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion analyzing the upstroke and downslope of the @entity141 i transient. Changes in mechanical performance and degradation of membrane phospholipids--estimated by tissue @entity1426 content--were correlated with @entity141 i levels of the heart. The fluorescence ratio technique was applied to estimate @entity141 i. The disappearance of mechanical activity of the heart preceded that of the @entity141 i transient in the first 2 min of @entity63 . The slope of upstroke of the @entity141 i transient, reflecting @entity141 release, decreased by 60%, while the duration of the downslope of the transient, reflecting @entity141 sequestration, expressed a significant prolongation (105 +/- 17 vs. 149 +/- 39 msec) during the first 3 min of @entity63 . At about 20 min of @entity63 end-diastolic pressure expressed a 3.5-fold increase (contracture) when the fluorescence ratio showed a 2-fold elevation. Reperfusion was accompanied with a further precipitous increase in end-diastolic pressure, while resting @entity141 i remained at end- @entity63 levels. Increases in the @entity1426 (AA) content of the @entity63 and postischemic hearts were proportional to @entity141 i levels. In summary, the present findings indicate that both @entity460 release and removal are hampered during the early phase of @entity63 . Moreover, a critical level of @entity141 i and a critical duration of @entity63 may exist to provoke contracture of the heart. Upon reperfusion the hearts show membrane phospholipid degradation and signs of stunning exemplified by elevated AA levels, partial recovery of @entity141 i handling and sustained @entity308 of mechanical performance.

title: Time related changes in @entity460 handling in the isolated XXXX and reperfused @entity35 heart.

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: The main aim of this study was to assess the kinetics of intracellular free @entity460 ( @entity141 i) handling by isolated @entity35 hearts rendered @entity63 for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion analyzing the upstroke and downslope of the @entity141 i transient. Changes in mechanical performance and degradation of membrane phospholipids--estimated by tissue @entity1426 content--were correlated with @entity141 i levels of the heart. The fluorescence ratio technique was applied to estimate @entity141 i. The disappearance of mechanical activity of the heart preceded that of the @entity141 i transient in the first 2 min of @entity63 . The slope of upstroke of the @entity141 i transient, reflecting @entity141 release, decreased by 60%, while the duration of the downslope of the transient, reflecting @entity141 sequestration, expressed a significant prolongation (105 +/- 17 vs. 149 +/- 39 msec) during the first 3 min of @entity63 . At about 20 min of @entity63 end-diastolic pressure expressed a 3.5-fold increase (contracture) when the fluorescence ratio showed a 2-fold elevation. Reperfusion was accompanied with a further precipitous increase in end-diastolic pressure, while resting @entity141 i remained at end- @entity63 levels. Increases in the @entity1426 (AA) content of the @entity63 and postischemic hearts were proportional to @entity141 i levels. In summary, the present findings indicate that both @entity460 release and removal are hampered during the early phase of @entity63 . Moreover, a critical level of @entity141 i and a critical duration of @entity63 may exist to provoke contracture of the heart. Upon reperfusion the hearts show membrane phospholipid degradation and signs of stunning exemplified by elevated AA levels, partial recovery of @entity141 i handling and sustained @entity308 of mechanical performance.

title: Time related changes in @entity460 handling in the isolated @entity63 and reperfused XXXX heart.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment results for @entity978 ( @entity978 ) @entity1 younger than 60 yr in stage IIB, treated according to the Swedish National Care Programme. The intention was also to identify specific subgroups depending on the number of negative prognostic factors the @entity1 have, in order to optimise and differentiate future treatment. In total, 99 @entity1 with @entity978 stage IIB, diagnosed between 1985 and 1994, have been analysed. There were 47 @entity1 and 52 @entity1 and the median age was 33 yr (range 17-59). Eighty-six @entity1 presented with supradiaphragmatic disease and 13 with infradiaphragmatic. The @entity978 specific and overall 10-yr survival was 73 and 65%, respectively. The @entity978 -specific survival for @entity1 in pathological stage IIB tended to be better, although not statistically significant than for clinical stage IIB, despite less chemotherapy (P = 0.1). The @entity1 in stage IIB who were selected for laparotomy were, however, younger and with fewer negative prognostic factors. The only significant negative prognostic factor was bulky disease (P = 0.001). The following factors also tended to have a negative influence on the prognosis although not statistically significant: the International Prognostic Score, the number of involved lymph node stations, extranodal involvement and leucocyte count > 15 x 10(9)/L. In conclusion, we suggest that bulky disease should be taken into account when treating @entity1 with stage IIB @entity978 .

title: Bulky disease is the most important prognostic factor in XXXX stage IIB.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']