abstract: The synthetic vasopressin analog @entity7062 ( @entity7062 ) has been shown to influence a wide range of cell-membrane-related events. Accordingly, the effect of @entity7062 on membrane transport of various alkylating agents and @entity1522 was evaluated in L5178Y lymphoblasts in vitro. @entity7062 stimulated melphalan uptake but conversely inhibited uptake of @entity1568 mustard, @entity1877 (the natural transport substrate for the @entity1568 mustard carrier), and @entity368 . No effect on the uptake of @entity786 or @entity1160 was observed. Increased melphalan uptake was due to effects on both substrate influx and efflux. The effect of @entity7062 on melphalan influx was particularly complex: @entity7062 stimulated melphalan influx by @entity535 transport system ASC but inhibited influx by system L, resulting in a net increase in unidirectional drug influx. Melphalan efflux was inhibited by @entity7062 . Decreased uptake of @entity1568 mustard, @entity1877 and @entity368 was due, at least in part, to decreased substrate influx. However, the mechanisms of inhibition were dissimilar: inhibition of substrate influx was non-competitive for @entity1877 but competitive for @entity368 . In conclusion, @entity7062 induced diverse but apparently specific effects on membrane transport of several alkylating agents and @entity1522 . Since the accumulation of alkylating agents such as melphalan within @entity5 cells is a major determinant of @entity137 , @entity7062 may have a role as a biological response modifier.

title: Modulation of membrane transport of alkylating agents and XXXX by an analog of vasopressin in murine L5178Y lymphoblasts in vitro.

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin', 'dDAVP']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sacral @entity3580 is a rare low-to-intermediate grade malignant @entity5 . The mainstay of treatment is still surgery with en bloc and wide resection margins, which can grant the best chances of a long-term control or cure of this disease. The first aim of this paper is to collect data about survival, time to local recurrence and @entity3 among @entity1 affected by sacral @entity3580 and primarily treated with surgery. The second aim is to analyze the influence of level resection, @entity5 volume and surgical margins on local recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population was composed of 14 @entity1 treated with sacral @entity3580 resection at the National @entity5 Institute of Naples-Pascale (Italy) from January 2000 to June 2013. The median follow-up was 84  months (range 24-132  months). The follow-up was characterized by: standard radiographs, MRI, and a CT scan of the chest annually. Time to recurrence or @entity3 was calculated from the date of resection to the date of diagnosis of first recurrence or @entity3 . RESULTS: Out of all the @entity1 , six died (42.86  %) during the follow-up; 6 (42.86  %) had local recurrence; 4 (28.57  %) had @entity3 . At univariate analysis wide surgical margins (R0) were associated with increased survival up to a local recurrence (OR  =  0.0286; 95  % CI  =  0.0014-0.5739; P  =  0.026); the level of resection (OR  =  3.33; 95  % CI  =  0.3619-30.7025; P  =  0.592) and @entity5 volume (P  =  1) did not show a statistically significant correlation. DISCUSSION: Based on our experience, we hope all @entity1 to be treated by surgery, the only good standard treatment of this disease. The resection should result in margins as wide as possible. For these reasons, it is essential for this disease to be treated in highly specialized centres because only a complete surgery can offer a chance to care for these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Solid survival at long-term follow-up can be achieved by a surgical resection performed with wide margins.

title: Surgical treatment of sacral XXXX : survival and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: The Surgical Endoscopy Service has been aggressively evaluating @entity344 with colonoscopy and screening asymptomatic @entity1 with flexible sigmoidoscopy in hopes of finding early curable @entity14 . The purpose of this study was to compare the stages of @entity14 resected during the 18-month period prior to (Pre-SES) and during the first 18 months (Post-SES) after the creation of the Surgical Endoscopy Service. In addition, the yield of lesions that would have been obtained by depending upon @entity1 symptoms or occult blood testing were determined. A total of 361 colonoscopies were performed Pre-SES and 874 colonoscopies Post-SES; 26 @entity1 underwent resection of @entity14 Pre-SES and 32 Post-SES. Whereas early @entity14 (Dukes' A and B1) were found in only three @entity1 (12%) Pre-SES period, early @entity5 were found in 13 (41%) Post-SES. Doubling the number of colonoscopies produced a fourfold increase in the number of @entity75 . Furthermore, disseminated @entity5 (D lesions) dropped from 19% Pre-SES to 3% Post-SES. Among the total 58 @entity1 , 43% of the A lesions and 40% of the B1 lesions were asymptomatic. Even more alarming, 86% of the A lesions, 50% of the B1 lesions, 31% of the B2 lesions, and 14% of the C2 lesions were occult blood negative. Indeed, only the D lesions were uniformly occult blood positive. This study demonstrates that aggressive colonoscopy detects early @entity14 . Moreover, @entity1 symptoms or occult blood testing will fail to indicate the majority of early @entity14 .

title: Colonoscopic detection of early XXXX . Impact of a surgical endoscopy service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['early lesions']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The interactions between earthworms and microorganisms activity has prompted several researchers to evaluate the potential of artificially inoculating vermicomposts with additional specific microbes, with the intention of enhancing the vermicomposting process. This study evaluated the potential of inoculating @entity238 ash (F)- @entity291 dung-paper waste (CP) mixture (F-CP) with a specialized microbial cocktail called Effective micro-organisms (EM) during vermicomposting using Eisenia fetida earthworms. Inoculation with EM alone did not result in significantly (P>0.05) different changes in C/N ratio and dissolved organic matter (DOC) compared to the control with no EM and E. fetida. A significant interaction between EM and E. fetida presence resulted in greater changes in C/N ratio and DOC, which were not statistically different from the E. fetida alone treatment. It was also noteworthy that the activity of   -Glucosidase was not influenced by the presence of EM, but was significantly influenced (P=0.0014) by the presence of E. fetida. However, the EM+E. fetida treatment resulted in a rate of weekly Olsen P release of 54.32mgkg(-1) which was 12.3%, 89.2% and 228.0% more that the E. fetida alone, EM alone and control treatments, respectively. Similarly, though higher in the E. fetida plus EM treatment, the @entity4613 solubilizing bacteria counts were not significantly different (P>0.05) from the E. fetida alone treatment. It is concluded that inoculation of F-CP composts with EM alone may not be beneficial, while combining EM with E. fetida results in faster compost maturity and significantly greater Olsen P release. It would be interesting to evaluate higher optimized rates of EM inoculation and fortifying EM cocktails with @entity4613 solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on F-CP vermicompost degradation and @entity3151 mineralization.

title: Potential of Effective micro-organisms and Eisenia fetida in enhancing vermi-degradation and nutrient release of XXXX ash incorporated into @entity291 dung-paper waste mixture.

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fly']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The interactions between earthworms and microorganisms activity has prompted several researchers to evaluate the potential of artificially inoculating vermicomposts with additional specific microbes, with the intention of enhancing the vermicomposting process. This study evaluated the potential of inoculating @entity238 ash (F)- @entity291 dung-paper waste (CP) mixture (F-CP) with a specialized microbial cocktail called Effective micro-organisms (EM) during vermicomposting using Eisenia fetida earthworms. Inoculation with EM alone did not result in significantly (P>0.05) different changes in C/N ratio and dissolved organic matter (DOC) compared to the control with no EM and E. fetida. A significant interaction between EM and E. fetida presence resulted in greater changes in C/N ratio and DOC, which were not statistically different from the E. fetida alone treatment. It was also noteworthy that the activity of   -Glucosidase was not influenced by the presence of EM, but was significantly influenced (P=0.0014) by the presence of E. fetida. However, the EM+E. fetida treatment resulted in a rate of weekly Olsen P release of 54.32mgkg(-1) which was 12.3%, 89.2% and 228.0% more that the E. fetida alone, EM alone and control treatments, respectively. Similarly, though higher in the E. fetida plus EM treatment, the @entity4613 solubilizing bacteria counts were not significantly different (P>0.05) from the E. fetida alone treatment. It is concluded that inoculation of F-CP composts with EM alone may not be beneficial, while combining EM with E. fetida results in faster compost maturity and significantly greater Olsen P release. It would be interesting to evaluate higher optimized rates of EM inoculation and fortifying EM cocktails with @entity4613 solubilizing bacteria (PSB) on F-CP vermicompost degradation and @entity3151 mineralization.

title: Potential of Effective micro-organisms and Eisenia fetida in enhancing vermi-degradation and nutrient release of @entity238 ash incorporated into XXXX dung-paper waste mixture.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The two most significant impediments to renal allograft survival are rejection and the direct nephrotoxicity of the immunosuppressant drugs required to prevent it. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), a mainstay of most immunosuppression regimens, are particularly nephrotoxic. Until less toxic antirejection agents become available, the only option is to optimize our use of those at hand. AIM: To determine whether intensive rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) induction followed by CNI withdrawal would individually or combined improve graft function and reduce graft chronic histopathology-surrogates for graft and, therefore, @entity1 survival. As previously reported, a single large rATG dose over 24 hours was well-tolerated and associated with better renal function, fewer @entity281 , and improved @entity1 survival. Here we report testing whether complete CNI discontinuation would improve renal function and decrease graft pathology. METHODS: Between April 20, 2004 and 4-14-2009 we conducted a prospective, randomized, non-blinded renal transplantation trial of two rATG dosing protocols (single dose, 6 mg/kg vs. divided doses, 1.5 mg/kg every other day x 4; target enrollment = 180). Subsequent maintenance immunosuppression consisted of @entity1140 , a CNI, and @entity3446 , a @entity1 target of @entity3446 inhibitor. We report here the outcome of converting @entity1 after six months either to minimized @entity1140 / @entity3446 or @entity618 / @entity3446 . Primary endpoints were graft function and chronic histopathology from protocol kidney biopsies at 12 and 24 months. RESULTS: CNI withdrawal (on-treatment analysis) associated with better graft function (p <0.001) and lower chronic histopathology composite scores in protocol biopsies at 12 (p = 0.003) and 24 (p = 0.013) months, without affecting @entity1 (p = 0.81) or graft (p = 0.93) survival, or rejection rate (p = 0.17). CONCLUSION: CNI ( @entity1140 ) withdrawal at six months may provide a strategy for decreased nephrotoxicity and improved long-term function in @entity479 -free low immunological risk renal transplant @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00556933.

title: A Randomized 2x2 Factorial Clinical Trial of Renal Transplantation: XXXX -Free Maintenance Immunosuppression with Calcineurin Inhibitor Withdrawal after Six Months Associates with Improved Renal Function and Reduced Chronic Histopathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 resistance to antibiotics is the main cause for eradication failures. METHODS: Antibiotic resistance in 299 @entity1534 strains from 233 untreated adults, 26 treated adults, and 40 untreated @entity1 was assessed by E tests and, for @entity868 , by breakpoint susceptibility testing and two breakpoint systems. RESULTS: Using EUCAST breakpoints (EBPs) and previous breakpoints (PBPs), overall resistance rates were: @entity115 4.0 and 0.6%, @entity868 33.8 and 33.8%, @entity4581 28.1 and 27.4%, @entity5553 19.4 and 19.4%, @entity803 3.7 and 1.5%, respectively, and @entity1215 8.3% (EBP). Multidrug resistance was detected in treated and untreated adults and an untreated @entity1 and included 17 (EBPs) and 15 strains (PBPs). Differences between susceptibility categories were found for @entity115 (3.5% of strains), @entity4581 (0.7%), and @entity803 (2.2%). Using PBPs, from 2005-2007 to 2010-2015, overall primary @entity4581 resistance continued to increase (17.9-25.6%) as noted in our previous study. However, in 2010-2015, overall primary @entity868 (24.0-31.5%) and @entity3284 (7.6-18.3%) resistance rates also increased. Primary resistance rates in @entity1 and adults were comparable. CONCLUSIONS: Briefly, differences in resistance rates by the two breakpoint systems affected the results for three antibiotics. National antibiotic consumption was linked to @entity7646 resistance in adults. Current primary @entity1534 resistance to three antibiotics increased in all untreated @entity1 and in the untreated adults, with the sharpest rise for the @entity2887 . The presence of fivefold @entity1534 resistance to @entity868 , @entity4581 , @entity803 , @entity5553 , and @entity115 according to EBPs is alarming.

title: XXXX resistance to six antibiotics by two breakpoint systems and resistance evolution in Bulgaria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3284 :: ('D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolone']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: After breaking through thin ice, a 4-year-old @entity1 drowned in a lake. A quickly alerted rescue helicopter found and recovered the @entity1 , drifting underneath the clear, thin ice. Primary resuscitation by the helicopter crew was unsuccessful. Upon arrival in the hospital the @entity1 had fixed, dilated pupils and @entity1167 . Core temperature was 19.8 degrees C. Rewarming was conducted slowly while cardiopulmonary resuscitation was continued. Twenty minutes after arrival at the hospital, ventricular complexes appeared in the ECG (temperature 22.1 degrees C); after another 10 min this converted to sinus rhythm. At short intervals, blood gas analyses and electrolyte determinations were carried out and corrected adequately. For cerebral protection methohexital was given and the @entity1 was hyperventilated. Seventy minutes after arrival at the hospital the @entity1 was brought to the pediatric ICU with stable circulation. There, further rewarming (centrally/peripherally combined) was carried out, aiming at 1 degree C rewarming per hour until a normal temperature was reached. The @entity1 had to be kept on the ventilator for 10 days and after another 2 weeks was discharged home. He had recovered completely without any @entity75 . One of the reasons why 88 min of @entity1167 were tolerated by this @entity1 without sequelae may have been rapid and deep @entity2332 .

title: [Successful resuscitation in XXXX following drowning].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral damage']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['accidental hypothermia']


abstract: The Eimer's organ and adjacent structures and their changes after infraorbital axotomy was examined with LM, TEM and SEM in the @entity73301 , @entity73301 . Approximately 3,000 of Eimer's organ covers the hairless snout tip of this animal. It protrudes to the corium from epidermis, and consists of column-shaped core and the cylindrical peripheral structures. About a dozen of naked fibers ascend vertically in the core; one or a few of them runs amidst the core and the others along its circumferential part. Each fiber has shelf-like endings one in each of 5 to 7 succeeding cells in the upper part of the core. At the uppermost part of the core structure is an opaque degenerating cell. Neurites were considered to grow up with the epidermal cells to which their endings are attached. This pattern of nerve ending was clearly observed for the first time in this study. Usually 3 Merkel cells lie at the base of an Eimer's organ contacting with a soup-plate-shape nerve terminal. In the dermis, an encapsulated corpuscle enveloping a nerve endings is found underneath each Eimer's organ. After axotomy, @entity8249 and their endings totally disappeared from Eimer's organ in a week. Perforation in the domes, flattening of the dome surface, and @entity528 of the encapsulated corpuscles appeared on the transected side. In addition to this, several features of @entity528 also appeared on the contralateral side. It might be considered as an effect of disuse from the disorders of the other side.

title: Ultrastructure of the Eimer's organs of the XXXX , @entity73301 (Insectivora, Mammalia) and their changes following infraorbital axotomy.

entities_list: @entity8249 :: ('MESH:D004916', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral nerve fibers']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration']

entities_list: @entity73301 :: ('106106', 'Species') :: ['Japanese shrew mole', 'Urotrichus talpoides']

answer: @entity73301 :: (106106,Species) :: ['Japanese shrew mole']


abstract: The Eimer's organ and adjacent structures and their changes after infraorbital axotomy was examined with LM, TEM and SEM in the @entity73301 , @entity73301 . Approximately 3,000 of Eimer's organ covers the hairless snout tip of this animal. It protrudes to the corium from epidermis, and consists of column-shaped core and the cylindrical peripheral structures. About a dozen of naked fibers ascend vertically in the core; one or a few of them runs amidst the core and the others along its circumferential part. Each fiber has shelf-like endings one in each of 5 to 7 succeeding cells in the upper part of the core. At the uppermost part of the core structure is an opaque degenerating cell. Neurites were considered to grow up with the epidermal cells to which their endings are attached. This pattern of nerve ending was clearly observed for the first time in this study. Usually 3 Merkel cells lie at the base of an Eimer's organ contacting with a soup-plate-shape nerve terminal. In the dermis, an encapsulated corpuscle enveloping a nerve endings is found underneath each Eimer's organ. After axotomy, @entity8249 and their endings totally disappeared from Eimer's organ in a week. Perforation in the domes, flattening of the dome surface, and @entity528 of the encapsulated corpuscles appeared on the transected side. In addition to this, several features of @entity528 also appeared on the contralateral side. It might be considered as an effect of disuse from the disorders of the other side.

title: Ultrastructure of the Eimer's organs of the @entity73301 , XXXX (Insectivora, Mammalia) and their changes following infraorbital axotomy.

answer: @entity73301 :: (106106,Species) :: ['Urotrichus talpoides']


abstract: A sampling and analytical method for the measurement of @entity11540 ( @entity6157 ) short-term exposure limits (STEL) was validated under both laboratory and field conditions. These studies were designed to examine the method against both the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) @entity6157 permissible exposure limit (PEL) method requirements and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) industrial hygiene method validation criteria. The method's pooled accuracy was shown to be within both OSHA requirements and NIOSH guidelines. The @entity6157 was collected on a JXC charcoal tube at a sample flow rate of 100 mL/min for 15 min. The samples were shipped on dry ice and were stored in a freezer until analyzed. The @entity6157 was desorbed by @entity4312 and the eluent was analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The desorption efficiency of @entity6157 from JXC charcoal tubes was determined to be 84% over the 15-min time-weighted average concentrations: 2.5, 5.0 and 10 ppm @entity6157 . The method limit of detection was determined to be 1.0 ppm. The coefficient of variation of the combined sampling and analytical method was 5.7%. A -7% method bias was calculated. Field validation of the method included data from a portable GC-FID for the determination of method bias. Results of the field validation study over the concentration range of 2.4 ppm to 19.9 ppm generated a field precision of 8.1% with an absolute bias of 3.9%. The method accuracy was determined to be +/- 20%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Laboratory and field validation of a JXC charcoal sampling and analytical method for monitoring short-term exposures to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity4312 :: ('MESH:D002246', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon disulfide']

answer: @entity11540 :: (MESH:D005027,Chemical) :: ['ethylene oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Multidrug-resistant @entity796 is a major threat in healthcare settings. The use of antimicrobials can influence the incidence of resistant strains by direct and indirect mechanisms. The latter can be addressed by ecological studies. METHODS: Our group attempted to analyze the relation between the use of antipseudomonal drugs and the incidence of MDR-PA among 18 units from a 400-bed teaching hospital. The study had a retrospective, ecological design, comprising data from 2004 and 2005. Data on the use of four antimicrobials ( @entity4509 , @entity2177 , @entity5505 and @entity2892 ) were tested for correlation with the incidence of MDR-PA (defined as isolates resistant to the four antimicrobials of interest) in clinical cultures. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Significant correlations were determined between use and resistance for all antimicrobials in the univariate analysis: @entity4509 (standardized correlation coefficient = 0.73, p = 0.001); @entity2177 (0.71, p = 0.001); @entity5505 (0.61, p = 0.007) and @entity2892 (0.87, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, only @entity2892 (0.67, p = 0.01) was independently related to the incidence of multidrug-resistant strains. CONCLUSIONS: These findings share similarities with those reported in individual-based observational studies, with possible implications for infection control.

title: Antimicrobial use and incidence of multidrug-resistant XXXX in a teaching hospital: an ecological approach.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transvesical port refers to the method of accessing the abdominal cavity through a natural orifice (i.e., urethra) under endoscopic visualization. Since its introduction in 2006, various reports have been published describing different surgical interventions using a @entity2003 in a porcine model. The aim of this study was to test the access and feasibility of peritoneoscopy by using a @entity2003 in a @entity1 male cadaver. METHODS: Two adult male cadavers were used to perform the procedures. A @entity2003 was used for the creation of transvesical access into the peritoneal cavity. Peritoneoscopy, liver biopsy, and identification and manipulation of the ileocecal appendix were performed. RESULTS: Transvesical access into the peritoneal cavity was quickly established. The @entity2003 easily allowed visualization of the abdominal cavity with good image quality. Liver biopsy and manipulation of ileocecal appendix were carried out without difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneoscopy, liver biopsy, and @entity24386 using a @entity2003 through a transvesical port is feasible in a cadaver model. The development of a specific rigid scope for the transvesical port might herald a promising future for this NOTES access.

title: Transvesical peritoneoscopy with rigid scope: feasibility study in XXXX male cadaver.

entities_list: @entity24386 :: ('MESH:D044504', 'Disease') :: ['ileocecal appendix manipulation']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid ureteroscope']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The present study examined the functional profile of dendritic cells (DCs) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and the effects of @entity3413 on the function of DCs. A total of 40 @entity1 who was recently diagnosed as having @entity309 were equally assigned to two groups: the routine treatment group (group R) and the routine treatment plus @entity3413 group (group R+S). Twenty healthy individuals served as control. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated before and 4 weeks after the treatment and then cultured with @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) to prepare mature DCs. The expression of co-stimulating factor @entity2937 on the surface of DCs was assessed by flow cytometry. And the stimulating capacity of DCs was measured by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The contents of cytokines in culture supernatants of DCs in MLR were detected by ELISA. Blood lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected. The relationship between the expression of @entity2937 and the blood CRP level was also investigated. The results showed that, as compared with the control group, the @entity2937 expression and the level of cytokines secreted by DCs were significantly increased in @entity309 @entity1 and greater stimulating capacity of DCs in MLR was demonstrated in @entity309 @entity1 . T lymphocytes in MLR secreted higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines ( @entity1199 , @entity4155 , @entity310 and INF-y) and lower level of anti- @entity32 cytokine ( @entity688 ). The function of DCs was markedly weakened and the level of hs-CRP and low-density lipoprotein was substantially lowered in group R+S in comparison to group R. The @entity2937 expression was positively correlated with hs-CRP. It was concluded that DCs in @entity309 are highly activated and DC-initiated immune reaction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity309 . @entity3413 administration can significantly inhibit the DCs function and reduce the level of hs-CRP, indicating the suppression on inflammatory reaction may be one of the mechanisms by which @entity3413 exerts its effect in treating @entity309 .

title: Effects of XXXX on the function of dendritic cells in @entity1 with rheumatic arthritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['simvastatin']


abstract: The present study examined the functional profile of dendritic cells (DCs) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and the effects of @entity3413 on the function of DCs. A total of 40 @entity1 who was recently diagnosed as having @entity309 were equally assigned to two groups: the routine treatment group (group R) and the routine treatment plus @entity3413 group (group R+S). Twenty healthy individuals served as control. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated before and 4 weeks after the treatment and then cultured with @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) and @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) to prepare mature DCs. The expression of co-stimulating factor @entity2937 on the surface of DCs was assessed by flow cytometry. And the stimulating capacity of DCs was measured by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The contents of cytokines in culture supernatants of DCs in MLR were detected by ELISA. Blood lipids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were detected. The relationship between the expression of @entity2937 and the blood CRP level was also investigated. The results showed that, as compared with the control group, the @entity2937 expression and the level of cytokines secreted by DCs were significantly increased in @entity309 @entity1 and greater stimulating capacity of DCs in MLR was demonstrated in @entity309 @entity1 . T lymphocytes in MLR secreted higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines ( @entity1199 , @entity4155 , @entity310 and INF-y) and lower level of anti- @entity32 cytokine ( @entity688 ). The function of DCs was markedly weakened and the level of hs-CRP and low-density lipoprotein was substantially lowered in group R+S in comparison to group R. The @entity2937 expression was positively correlated with hs-CRP. It was concluded that DCs in @entity309 are highly activated and DC-initiated immune reaction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity309 . @entity3413 administration can significantly inhibit the DCs function and reduce the level of hs-CRP, indicating the suppression on inflammatory reaction may be one of the mechanisms by which @entity3413 exerts its effect in treating @entity309 .

title: Effects of @entity3413 on the function of dendritic cells in XXXX with rheumatic arthritis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The incidence of @entity356 in young has increased steadily in the last decades. Little is known about the clinicopathologic features and prognostic factors of young adult @entity356 @entity1 . The clinicopathological characteristics of 294 young adult @entity356 @entity1 between 20 and 50 years old were reviewed retrospectively from hospital records in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center between 1996 and 2006. They were compared with 706 elder @entity1 51 years of age or over. A steady increasing in the proportion of female in the @entity356 @entity1 as the age decreasing was found. The distinguishing histological features of young adult @entity1 were higher percentage of poorly differentiated grade and distant @entity3 . The distribution of @entity5 -nodes- @entity3 (TNM) stage was similar between these two groups. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate in the young adult group was significantly higher than in the elderly group. More @entity1 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy were found in the young adult group. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that TNM stage and presence of angiolymphatic invasion were the independent negative predictors of survival for young @entity1 with @entity356 . @entity356 in young @entity1 differs from that in elderly @entity1 including a lack of male predilection, more aggressive histologic features, and better survival rate.

title: Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic analysis of XXXX in the young adult in China.

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma', 'Gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The emergency physician's disposition of @entity1 with suspected @entity741 is currently debated; some physicians believe that a subgroup of @entity1 can be managed safely outside the coronary care unit. Clinical predictors are needed in assessing the @entity1 with suspected @entity741 to help identify this subgroup. Through a retrospective cohort study, we investigated the value of the initial emergency department ECG in discriminating between @entity662 @entity1 with low and high risk for immediately life-threatening complications. Two hundred eleven initially uncomplicated consecutive coronary care unit admissions with suspected @entity1459 or @entity583 were studied. @entity1 outcome, including the incidence of @entity583 , complications, and mechanical and pharmacologic interventions, was reviewed. Immediately life-threatening complications included @entity2224 , @entity1165 , shock, 2 degrees and 3 degrees block, and @entity204 . Mechanical interventions included electrocardioversion or defibrillation, endotracheal intubation, intra-aortic balloon pump, Swan-Ganz catheter, or pacemaker insertion. Pressors, antiarrhythmics, and vasodilators were the reviewed pharmacologic interventions. A positive ECG was defined by the presence of ST elevation or @entity308 , T wave inversion, @entity4346 , @entity714 , paced rhythm, or new Q waves. All other ECG interpretations were considered negative. @entity1 were divided into two groups based on this initial emergency physician ECG interpretation and their complication incidences compared. Of the 211 @entity1 , 96 had a positive ECG; 115 had negative ECGs. @entity1 with positive ECGs were older, had a greater history and concurrent incidence of @entity583 , and more complications and intensive interventions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The emergency department ECG and immediately life-threatening complications in initially uncomplicated suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: Without treatment, @entity1 with inoperable or metastatic @entity14 have a median life expectancy of about 8 months. The following article is an update of our 2005 review of chemotherapy regimens used in metastatic @entity14 , based on the standard Prescrire methodology. In 2005, the de Gramont protocol, based on @entity1487 (always combined with @entity4181 ) plus either @entity901 (Folfox protocol) or @entity2600 (Folfiri protocol), was the standard first-line chemotherapy in this setting. Four trials comparing monotherapy versus combination therapy in previously untreated @entity1 showed that initial @entity1487 (or @entity1487 precursor) monotherapy, followed by the Folfox or Folfiri protocol in case of failure, was not associated with shorter overall survival. Two trials compared first-line treatment with the Folfiri regimen versus the Folfoxiri regimen ( @entity1487 + @entity901 + @entity2600 ). One of these studies showed an increase in median survival with the Folfoxiri protocol (24 versus 17 months), but at a cost of greater @entity2359 . The only tangible advantage of @entity416 and tegafur, two oral @entity1487 precursors, is their convenience of use. Pemetrexed was less effective and more toxic than the Folfiri protocol in one trial. Bevacizumab and panitumumab have yielded disappointing results in previously untreated @entity1 . Neither of these monoclonal antibodies has yet been shown to improve overall survival. Three trials have assessed the addition of cetuximab to combinations consisting of @entity1487 or @entity416 plus @entity901 or @entity2600 . In two of these trials, the median survival time of @entity1 whose @entity5 carried the wild-type @entity984 gene was about 3 months longer in the cetuximab arms, although the increase was statistically significant in only one trial. Cetuximab had no impact on survival time in the third trial. In two trials, an anti- @entity470 antibody (panitumumab or cetuximab) reduced median survival when added to bevacizumab in previously untreated @entity1 . When progression occurs after treatment with the Folfiri protocol (or equivalent), a combination of the Folfox protocol and bevacizumab seems to increase median survival time by about 2 months versus Folfox alone, but it is also more toxic. In @entity1 who progress after receiving the @entity1487 + @entity901 combination (Folfox) or the @entity1487 + @entity2600 combination (Folfiri), neither panitumumab nor cetuximab has been shown to provide a clinically meaningful increase in overall survival. It remains to be shown whether these drugs are more effective in @entity1 with the wild-type @entity984 gene than in @entity1 with @entity984 mutations. In early 2010, the standard cytotoxic drugs for treatment of metastatic @entity14 are @entity1487 (combined with @entity4181 ), @entity901 and @entity2600 . Initial combination therapy may be beneficial when the metastases are borderline operable. When the metastases are inoperable and are unlikely to become operable after chemotherapy, it seems best to begin treatment with single-agent @entity1487 (+ @entity4181 ) or @entity416 . The use of monoclonal antibodies in first-line treatment of @entity1 with @entity14 is not justified. Further trials of these drugs are warranted as second-line treatment for @entity1 with @entity984 wild-type @entity5 .

title: Chemotherapy of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: AIM: Report of 125 pediatric @entity1 of @entity3509 treated by open decortication, highlighting the presentation, delay in referral, operative findings, the response to surgical intervention and follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the @entity1 who underwent open decortication for stage III @entity3509 during the study period were included. Preoperative workup included hemogram, serum protein, chest radiographs and contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CECT) scan of the chest. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-five @entity1 (81 males, 44 females) (age 3 months-12 years, mean 4.9 years) were operated during a 4.5-year period. Among them, two @entity1 underwent bilateral thoracotomies. Also, 81.6% @entity1 were referred 3 weeks after the onset of disease (mean duration 9 weeks). @entity764 ( @entity764 ) had been inserted in (119) 95% cases. Thickened pleura, multiloculated pus and lung involvement were invariably seen on CECT scan. @entity292 was present in 10 @entity1 and @entity3509 in 2. Decortication, removal of necrotic tissue and closure of air leaks was performed in all the @entity1 . @entity39 was seen in (35) 27.5% cases. Mean duration of @entity86 was 7 days. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 4 years (mean 12 months). There was no mortality. Six @entity1 had proven @entity378 . CONCLUSIONS: The duration of the disease had a direct relationship with the thickness of the @entity130 to the underlying lung. Delayed referral causes irreversible changes in the lung prolonging recovery. Only 18% presented within the early period of the disease. Meticulous open surgical debridement gives gratifying results. The status of the lung at the end of surgery is a major prognostic factor.

title: Surgical management and outcome analysis of stage III pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Necrotizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['empyema thoracis', 'empyema necessitatis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'Intercostal chest drainage']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ICD']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pleura and injury']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyema thoracis']


abstract: Four experiments were conducted to quantify the reported attenuation by microwave (MW) irradiation of @entity1068 -induced @entity2332 . In one experiment @entity35 were irradiated (continuous wave 2.45 GHz, specific absorption rate = 0.3 W/kg) or sham irradiated for 45 min, injected with 3.6 g/kg, 20% (v/v) @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) or saline ( @entity1219 ) i.p.. Colonic temperature was monitored at 20-min intervals for 2 h. This procedure was repeated for 8 days to determine the rate of tolerance development to the hypothermic effect of @entity1068 . While MW irradiation did significantly attenuate @entity167 -induced @entity2332 , it did not enhance or retard the rate of tolerance development. To determine the duration of irradiation necessary to attenuate @entity167 -induced @entity2332 , groups of @entity35 were irradiated or sham irradiated for 5, 15, 30, or 60 min prior to @entity167 injection and subsequent temperature measurements. The attenuation was apparent only after 60 min of irradiation. To determine the duration of the attenuation effect after irradiation, @entity35 were injected with @entity167 or @entity1219 at 0, 30, 60, 120, or 480 min after 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation. The attenuation effect was apparent among @entity35 injected 0 to 30 min after irradiation and for the first 40 min for groups injected at 120 min. Additional @entity35 were injected with @entity1219 or 0.9, 1.8, or 2.7 g/kg of @entity167 i.p. following 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation to determine if the attenuation effect depends on the dose of @entity167 administered. Attenuation of @entity167 -induced @entity2332 was more apparent at lower doses of @entity167 than at higher doses. These results indicate that the effect is an acute response to irradiation, and rule out several other potential explanations.

title: Microwave attenuation of @entity1068 -induced XXXX : @entity1068 tolerance, time course, exposure duration, and dose response studies.

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: Four experiments were conducted to quantify the reported attenuation by microwave (MW) irradiation of @entity1068 -induced @entity2332 . In one experiment @entity35 were irradiated (continuous wave 2.45 GHz, specific absorption rate = 0.3 W/kg) or sham irradiated for 45 min, injected with 3.6 g/kg, 20% (v/v) @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) or saline ( @entity1219 ) i.p.. Colonic temperature was monitored at 20-min intervals for 2 h. This procedure was repeated for 8 days to determine the rate of tolerance development to the hypothermic effect of @entity1068 . While MW irradiation did significantly attenuate @entity167 -induced @entity2332 , it did not enhance or retard the rate of tolerance development. To determine the duration of irradiation necessary to attenuate @entity167 -induced @entity2332 , groups of @entity35 were irradiated or sham irradiated for 5, 15, 30, or 60 min prior to @entity167 injection and subsequent temperature measurements. The attenuation was apparent only after 60 min of irradiation. To determine the duration of the attenuation effect after irradiation, @entity35 were injected with @entity167 or @entity1219 at 0, 30, 60, 120, or 480 min after 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation. The attenuation effect was apparent among @entity35 injected 0 to 30 min after irradiation and for the first 40 min for groups injected at 120 min. Additional @entity35 were injected with @entity1219 or 0.9, 1.8, or 2.7 g/kg of @entity167 i.p. following 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation to determine if the attenuation effect depends on the dose of @entity167 administered. Attenuation of @entity167 -induced @entity2332 was more apparent at lower doses of @entity167 than at higher doses. These results indicate that the effect is an acute response to irradiation, and rule out several other potential explanations.

title: Microwave attenuation of XXXX -induced @entity2332 : @entity1068 tolerance, time course, exposure duration, and dose response studies.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Four experiments were conducted to quantify the reported attenuation by microwave (MW) irradiation of @entity1068 -induced @entity2332 . In one experiment @entity35 were irradiated (continuous wave 2.45 GHz, specific absorption rate = 0.3 W/kg) or sham irradiated for 45 min, injected with 3.6 g/kg, 20% (v/v) @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) or saline ( @entity1219 ) i.p.. Colonic temperature was monitored at 20-min intervals for 2 h. This procedure was repeated for 8 days to determine the rate of tolerance development to the hypothermic effect of @entity1068 . While MW irradiation did significantly attenuate @entity167 -induced @entity2332 , it did not enhance or retard the rate of tolerance development. To determine the duration of irradiation necessary to attenuate @entity167 -induced @entity2332 , groups of @entity35 were irradiated or sham irradiated for 5, 15, 30, or 60 min prior to @entity167 injection and subsequent temperature measurements. The attenuation was apparent only after 60 min of irradiation. To determine the duration of the attenuation effect after irradiation, @entity35 were injected with @entity167 or @entity1219 at 0, 30, 60, 120, or 480 min after 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation. The attenuation effect was apparent among @entity35 injected 0 to 30 min after irradiation and for the first 40 min for groups injected at 120 min. Additional @entity35 were injected with @entity1219 or 0.9, 1.8, or 2.7 g/kg of @entity167 i.p. following 45 min of irradiation or sham irradiation to determine if the attenuation effect depends on the dose of @entity167 administered. Attenuation of @entity167 -induced @entity2332 was more apparent at lower doses of @entity167 than at higher doses. These results indicate that the effect is an acute response to irradiation, and rule out several other potential explanations.

title: Microwave attenuation of @entity1068 -induced @entity2332 : XXXX tolerance, time course, exposure duration, and dose response studies.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Late onset @entity29 post-pelvic radiotherapy is an increasingly common clinical scenario which is related to improved oncological treatments and @entity5 survival. 50% of @entity1 develop bowel symptoms after pelvic radiotherapy which affects quality of life. Historically, bowel symptoms post-pelvic radiotherapy have been labelled ' @entity102 ', although it is increasingly recognised that these symptoms are due to dysfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract at numerous points. The evidence-base is poor and comprises often small, heterogenous, single centre unblinded studies. This article critically reviews the evidence for the medical treatment options for ' @entity102 ', which include anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, @entity5418 , @entity406 and hyperbaric @entity26 . The difficulties in extrapolation from the literature to clinical practise are also explored. From the available evidence, rectal sucralfate appears to have greater efficacy than anti-inflammatory agents, which are more effective if used with oral @entity868 . Furthermore, hyperbaric @entity26 is emerging as promising treatment for radiation @entity137 . However, @entity29 post-pelvic radiotherapy is a complex clinical condition which reflects multi-site GI tract pathologies both related and unrelated to previous oncological treatments. From this review article a clear need for an adjustment to both diagnosis and treatment of these @entity1 , as well as for further research, emerges.

title: XXXX : issues surrounding delayed @entity29 post-pelvic radiotherapy and an update on medical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic radiation proctitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic radiation proctitis']


abstract: Late onset @entity29 post-pelvic radiotherapy is an increasingly common clinical scenario which is related to improved oncological treatments and @entity5 survival. 50% of @entity1 develop bowel symptoms after pelvic radiotherapy which affects quality of life. Historically, bowel symptoms post-pelvic radiotherapy have been labelled ' @entity102 ', although it is increasingly recognised that these symptoms are due to dysfunction of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract at numerous points. The evidence-base is poor and comprises often small, heterogenous, single centre unblinded studies. This article critically reviews the evidence for the medical treatment options for ' @entity102 ', which include anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, @entity5418 , @entity406 and hyperbaric @entity26 . The difficulties in extrapolation from the literature to clinical practise are also explored. From the available evidence, rectal sucralfate appears to have greater efficacy than anti-inflammatory agents, which are more effective if used with oral @entity868 . Furthermore, hyperbaric @entity26 is emerging as promising treatment for radiation @entity137 . However, @entity29 post-pelvic radiotherapy is a complex clinical condition which reflects multi-site GI tract pathologies both related and unrelated to previous oncological treatments. From this review article a clear need for an adjustment to both diagnosis and treatment of these @entity1 , as well as for further research, emerges.

title: @entity102 : issues surrounding delayed XXXX post-pelvic radiotherapy and an update on medical treatment.

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['bowel dysfunction']


abstract: Recent data demonstrate that accumulation of misfolded proteins within the early part of the secretory track of b-cells causes impaired insulin synthesis and development of @entity6 . The molecular mechanism of this cellular dysfunction remains largely unknown. Using basic molecular principles and computer simulations, we suggested recently that hyperglycemic conditions can generate substantial molecular crowding effects in the secretory track of b-cells leading to significant alterations of the insulin biosynthesis capabilities. Here, we review the major molecular mechanisms that may be implicated in the alteration of insulin synthesis in susceptible b-cells. Steric repulsions and volume exclusion in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) increase the propensity of misfolding of @entity2690 (the precursor molecule of insulin). In addition, similar forces might act in the next secretory compartments (Golgi and vesicles) leading to (i) altered packaging of @entity2690 in vesicles (ii) entrapment of @entity2690 convertases and/or restricted accessibility for these convertases to the cleavage sites on the surface of the @entity2690 and (iii) depressed kinetic rate of the transformation of the native @entity2690 in active insulin and C-peptide. These concepts are expressed in simple mathematical terms relating the kinetic coefficient of @entity2690 to insulin conversion to the levels of @entity2690 misfolding and hyperglycemic stress. The present approach is useful for understanding molecular phenomena associated with the pathogenesis of @entity6 . It also offers practical means for predicting the state of pancreatic b-cells from measurements of the insulin to @entity2690 ratio in the blood. This is of immediate clinical relevance and may improve the diagnosis of @entity6 .

title: Biophysical alteration of the secretory track in b-cells due to molecular overcrowding: the relevance for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: A review of 100 femoral artery embolectomies performed on 88 consecutive @entity1 during a 10-year period was conducted to establish immediate and long-term results. There were 48 (55%) male and 40 (45%) female @entity1 . Ages ranged from 33 to 97 years (mean, 73 years). Local anesthesia was used in 84 (84%) cases. Fifteen (17%) @entity1 died within 30 days of the procedure. Major limb amputation was required within 30 days of operation in 16 (16%) @entity1 . Mortality rate in the group of @entity1 needing early amputation was 50% compared with 11% for those who underwent successful embolectomy procedures (p less than 0.001). Current follow-up was established for all @entity1 . Five-year and 10-year survival rates for the entire group were 40% and 35%, respectively. The most frequent causes of late death after femoral @entity432 were @entity299 (26%), @entity64 (26%), and advanced @entity189 (21%). All 39 remaining survivors were located 8 to 126 months (mean, 48 months) after discharge to complete a questionnaire designed to assess quality of life and symptoms of @entity5327 . Thirty-five (90%) survivors were fully ambulatory and 27 (70%) lived in their own homes. Although early survival is decreased after femoral embolectomy, long-term survivors can be expected to live independently with excellent limb salvage and function.

title: Late results after femoral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery embolectomy']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular insufficiency']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery embolectomy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1526 is not considered an @entity66 in the State of Maranh  o. However, entomological surveys showed high natural vector infection indices and acute cases have been identified in the last few decades. This study aimed to analyze the social, demographic and environmental conditions involved in transmission. METHODS: The study describes acute @entity1526 identified from 1994 to 2008. Information regarding the cases was obtained from the Information System for @entity66 (Sinan), National Health Foundation (Funasa) database and medical records. Entomological surveys were conducted from 2002. RESULTS: Data analysis identified 32 cases from 17 municipal districts, with 84.4% of @entity1 from rural areas. The disease was more frequent in @entity1 (67%). The most frequent occupation was student, 38.9% of cases, followed by farmer and hunter, 27.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that transmission was vectorial and occurred in the wild or peridomicile.

title: [ XXXX in the State of Maranh  o, Brazil: record of acute cases from 1994 to 2008].

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Notifiable Diseases', 'endemic disease']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas' disease']


abstract: In @entity95 carotid bodies (CBs) superfused during 1-5 h, with an air-equilibrated medium containing no @entity669 (TYR), the @entity935 (DA) content decreased by approximately 60% after 1 h and remained constant afterwards. TYR and @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ) decreased with the same time course. @entity1063 (NA) content exhibited a biphasic decrease of lesser magnitude than that of DA. Superfusions with a TYR-containing medium did not prevent the reduction in DA and TYR. Large amounts of DA and @entity4925 were recovered in the effluent during the first hour of superfusion but after 90 min the two substances had declined below the detection limits (i.e. 0.5 and 1 pmol/5 min, respectively). The DA efflux decreased exponentially during the first hour and was not altered by changing the @entity26 partial pressure ( @entity4095 ) of the medium. The @entity4925 efflux declined after 40 min of superfusion and was modulated by @entity4095 . The DA and the @entity4925 effluxes were not suppressed by omitting @entity460 ions from the superfusing medium. In 4 cat CBs equal amounts of DA and NA were recovered from the effluent during the first hour of superfusion.

title: Fate of the catecholamine stores in the XXXX carotid body superfused in vitro.

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Herpes simplex @entity198 is the most common cause of @entity5 in the western world. @entity1 usually have altered levels of consciousness, altered levels of mentation, @entity221 , @entity10 , and personality changes. These may progress to @entity1269 and @entity410 . Exact diagnosis must be established by brain biopsy and identification of the virus in biopsy material. There is a great need for a noninvasive test that is positive early in the disease. Without antiviral treatment the mortality rate is greater than 70%, and many survivors have serious disabilities. Both @entity12948 and @entity1033 decrease death and morbidity, but @entity1033 is the preferred drug. With @entity1033 about 40% of @entity1 will survive with normal development or minor levels of impairment but more than half of the @entity1 will die or suffer significant impairment. It is essential to treat early; @entity1 who are young and have not reached @entity772 or @entity1662 may show 65% recovery and return to normal function. Development of new antiviral drugs or other types of therapies is desirable. Herpetic @entity272 are likely to be more confusing than diagnostic because other types of @entity198 with @entity221 often precipitate recurrent herpes that is unrelated to the @entity198 .

title: Antiviral treatment of a serious herpes simplex infection: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity12948 :: ('MESH:D014740', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography were compared with cardiac catheterization and angiography in the preoperative evaluation of ostium primum @entity118 . Preoperative echocardiographic examinations as well as operative reports of all @entity1 (33 @entity1 aged 2 months to 23 years at surgery) with ostium primum @entity118 or transitional atrioventricular (AV) canal defect having had echocardiography and surgical repair at The @entity1 's Hospital, Boston from July 1983 to January 1986 were retrospectively reviewed. Original cardiac catheterization and angiographic reports also were reviewed. Preoperative echocardiography resulted in no false positive or false negative primary diagnoses when compared with the diagnoses obtained at preoperative angiography or surgery. Doppler assessment of @entity339 correlated well with angiographic (93% agreement) and intraoperative (85% agreement) assessments of @entity339 to within two diagnostic categories on the six level scoring system used. There was reasonably good agreement between the two-dimensional echocardiographic estimate of right ventricular systolic pressure and that measured at catheterization when expressed as percent of the simultaneous left ventricular pressure. Seven of nine @entity1757 observed intraoperatively were noted on preoperative echocardiography; five of these defects were detected on preoperative angiography. A variety of other surgically confirmed associated @entity65 were observed by both preoperative techniques. However, echocardiography appeared to be superior to angiography for evaluation of AV valve morphology and papillary muscle architecture. This study implies that in @entity1 with typical clinical and two-dimensional echocardiographic and Doppler findings for ostium primum @entity118 or transitional AV canal defect, routine preoperative cardiac catheterization and angiography are unnecessary.

title: Are routine preoperative cardiac catheterization and angiography necessary before repair of ostium primum XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular defects']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: Seven hundred sixty-five @entity1 , living in France and suffering from @entity2023 (eg, with positive skin tests to various antigens), agreed to self-rate (visual analog scales), four times daily, symptoms such as sneezing, stuffy or blocked nose, runny nose, itchy nose, @entity735 , wheeze, or cough. Despite acute symptoms, @entity1 did not take medications of any kind by any route during 36 hours. Several statistical methods (eg, Student's t test, analysis of variance, cosinor, chi-square, etc.) were used to validate both circadian and circannual rhythms of these symptoms in the group as a whole, as well as in subgroups related to age, sex, etc. Large-amplitude circadian rhythms with early morning peak times (eg, approximately 6 AM) were validated for sneezing, stuffy nose, and runny nose (with p less than 0.0001) but not for wheeze or cough. Such time-dependent changes were related neither to age (from 10 to 80 years) nor to sex. However, small differences were observed in subgroups sorted with regard to duration of disease (old versus new cases), smoking habits, and geographic location (north versus south France). Reanalysis of data taking into account interindividual differences revealed that the respective peak times of the three major symptoms occurred in the early morning in about 60% to 70% of the @entity1 . Annual changes were validated as well with the annual peak time being January to April. The proposed interpretation of both circadian and circannual rhythms suggests taking into account endogenous component rhythms (eg, involving metabolic, immunologic, and endocrine systems), since they contribute to time-dependent changes in the @entity1 susceptibility to antigens. In addition, the elevated severity of symptoms in the morning experienced by 60% to 70% of @entity1 should serve as a guide to individually optimize dosing time(s) of medications, such as antihistamines.

title: Circadian and circannual rhythms of XXXX : an epidemiologic study involving chronobiologic methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['itchy eyes']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: @entity14018 , a double-stranded ribonucleic acid that is a potent inducer of interferon production, was used in a stabilized form to treat 11 @entity1 with @entity1358 . Seven @entity1 completed a full course of 8 infusions at maximum tolerated dosage. All @entity1 experienced transient @entity221 and marked fatigue. @entity448 was mild. Transient @entity1431 occurred in 3 @entity1 and reversible elevation in @entity1011 was observed in 1. All 4 @entity1 with brain @entity3 became lethargic, and 3 died during or shortly after therapy. Only 2 @entity1 demonstrated measurable total regression of isolated @entity3 (pleural/pulmonary in 1 and bone in 1) but in both @entity3 at other sites progressed. No partial regressions were seen. @entity3 at all other sites (liver, brain and renal fossa) progressed during therapy. @entity1 who appeared to respond and who performed best during therapy generally demonstrated a higher performance status initially. Expression of natural @entity137 in in vitro testing did not correlate with a demonstrated response to treatment.

title: Immunotherapy of XXXX with @entity14018 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity14018 , a double-stranded ribonucleic acid that is a potent inducer of interferon production, was used in a stabilized form to treat 11 @entity1 with @entity1358 . Seven @entity1 completed a full course of 8 infusions at maximum tolerated dosage. All @entity1 experienced transient @entity221 and marked fatigue. @entity448 was mild. Transient @entity1431 occurred in 3 @entity1 and reversible elevation in @entity1011 was observed in 1. All 4 @entity1 with brain @entity3 became lethargic, and 3 died during or shortly after therapy. Only 2 @entity1 demonstrated measurable total regression of isolated @entity3 (pleural/pulmonary in 1 and bone in 1) but in both @entity3 at other sites progressed. No partial regressions were seen. @entity3 at all other sites (liver, brain and renal fossa) progressed during therapy. @entity1 who appeared to respond and who performed best during therapy generally demonstrated a higher performance status initially. Expression of natural @entity137 in in vitro testing did not correlate with a demonstrated response to treatment.

title: Immunotherapy of @entity1358 with XXXX .

answer: @entity14018 :: (MESH:D011070,Chemical) :: ['polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid']


abstract: Between 1972 and 1984, 17 @entity1 with advanced @entity978 failing intensive combination chemotherapy in previously unirradiated nodal and/or pulmonary sites were treated with salvage radiotherapy. Treatment consisted of comprehensive wide field radiotherapy to all known areas of disease. Doses administered to these fields ranged from 1,700 to 5,000 rad, with only three @entity1 (18%) receiving less than 3,000 rad to any field. With a median follow-up of over 4 years, 88% achieved a complete response, with median actuarial disease-free survival (DFS) of 19 months (range, 4 to 61+). Actuarial median survival was 64 months, with a range of 4 to 134+ months. Nine @entity1 (53%) are currently alive with three (18%) in continuous complete remission (CR) for 24, 30, and 61 months. In addition, four @entity1 relapsing after salvage radiotherapy are now in CR following additional therapy. @entity1 younger than 35 years of age had a significantly increased overall survival when compared with older @entity1 (P less than .005). An initial complete response to chemotherapy lasting 12 or more months appeared to be a favorable prognostic factor, although small @entity1 numbers preclude statistical significance. Comprehensive salvage radiotherapy is of significant benefit in @entity1 with advanced @entity978 relapsing after combination chemotherapy in nodal and/or pulmonary sites.

title: Radiation therapy salvage of XXXX following chemotherapy failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: The ability to carry out daily activities depends on an individual's physical and psychological make up, and the environment and society in which he or she lives. Thus, @entity309 produces functional impairment that is not simply related to the severity of the disease process. Two-thirds of @entity1 are concerned more with potential loss of function than with discomfort. There is, therefore, a need to assess disability separately from inflammatory activity. The principles of disability measurement concern assessment of performance of everyday activities. Global measures or the performance of one or more specific activities can be used to assess aspects of mobility and manual dexterity. Activities can be related to social life and employment and can include assessment of psychological as well as @entity717 . Many different tools are available and can be divided into: 1. Measures depending on clinical judgement. 2. Measures based on observed @entity1 performance. 3. Measures depending on @entity1 ' opinions. In addition, a variety of health status measures have been described that include disability as one of a number of parameters aimed to assess the overall impact of the disease on the @entity1 . Evaluation of these tools has been patchy. Full assessment using measurement theory (validity, simplicity, reliability and sensitivity) has not been undertaken for any index. However, the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Disability Index and the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) have both been tested fairly extensively in North America. The choice of a particular measurement tool depends on: 1. The context in which it will be used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Functional outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: 107 @entity56 @entity1 (71 @entity1 and 36 adults) were desensitized with allergen extracts adsorbed on @entity78 . @entity1 were selected following their symptoms ( @entity565 , @entity2490 , @entity3617 , @entity2023 ), skin tests ( @entity25878 or Prick) and total or specific IgE levels (PRIST and RAST). A mean of 17 month treatment, usually with house dust and mite extracts, rarely with house dust extract alone and in 6 cases with a mixture of grass and cereal pollens. The major aim of this study was to test the immunotherapy efficiency and to compare the IgE level variations and the clinical results. The treatment was found very good in 62% of the cases, good in 28%, and negative in 10% of the cases. The mean total IgE level has decreased of 58%, and the specific IgE level has decreased in 77% of the @entity1 . The number of @entity1 with a RAST class O to house dust and mites has increased respectively of 23% and 24.4% after the treatment. Besides some very good cases where the IgE levels have dropped there are lew relations between the total or specific IgE antibodies and the clinical results. The tolerance of the hyposensitization treatment was judged excellent. In conclusion, the @entity78 absorbed allergen extracts are confirmed as efficient and safe in immunotherapy.

title: [Specific desensitization with allergen extracts absorbed on XXXX (Pasteur Institute). Clinical and biological study apropos of 107 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['pollinosis']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: We studied progression of @entity731 in the coronaries and abdominal aortas of @entity1707 fed hyperlipidemic (HL) diets producing serum @entity165 levels of about 700 mg/dl for up to 18 months with killings at 9, 13.5 and 18 months on diet. We studied changes in lesions in subsets given after 9 months on the HL diet a low fat, low @entity165 mash diet with killings at 4.5 and 9 months on the regression diet. Lesion cell numbers were evaluated using mean nuclear profiles per cross-section (Np/Cx) in an anatomically defined portion of artery as an index. Lesion sizes were evaluated using mean cross-sectional area (area/Cx) as an index. Tritiated thymidine labeling indices (LI) were used as an index of cell proliferative activity in the coronaries. We also determined the percentage of lesions occupied by lipid rich calcific @entity39 . For further comparisons all of the same values were determined for normal intimal cell masses (ICM) in control groups fed a low fat, low @entity165 mash diet throughout. The @entity731 in the HL @entity1707 appeared to arise mainly in the ICM. These became lesions and increased tremendously in size and cell numbers. The greatest increase was in the abdominal aorta even when lesion values were normalized by being expressed as percentages of the wall (intima + media). Lipid-rich calcific @entity39 occupied about 25% of the lesion by 9 months and the percentage was similar at 18 months although size of lesions and their @entity39 regions had increased 3-fold over the 9-month interval. Lesion @entity665 LIs were 3-4-fold greater than in the control ICM. In the period 9-18 months on an HL diet lesions increased about 3-fold in size and cell numbers. In the @entity1707 put on a regression diet for the 9-18 month period growth of the lesions stopped completely. In fact, there was a numerical decrease in lesion sizes and cell numbers and this was statistically significant for the left anterior descending coronary. The lesion growth stoppage was partly accounted for by the "turning off" of excessive DNA synthesis activity of the lesion cells as indicated by the return of @entity665 LIs to the normal values in the mash controls. Another factor was the lack of increase and in fact marked reduction in the size of the regions of lipid rich @entity39 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The "turning off" of excessive cell replicative activity in advanced @entity731 of XXXX by a regression diet.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H] thymidine', '[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: We studied progression of @entity731 in the coronaries and abdominal aortas of @entity1707 fed hyperlipidemic (HL) diets producing serum @entity165 levels of about 700 mg/dl for up to 18 months with killings at 9, 13.5 and 18 months on diet. We studied changes in lesions in subsets given after 9 months on the HL diet a low fat, low @entity165 mash diet with killings at 4.5 and 9 months on the regression diet. Lesion cell numbers were evaluated using mean nuclear profiles per cross-section (Np/Cx) in an anatomically defined portion of artery as an index. Lesion sizes were evaluated using mean cross-sectional area (area/Cx) as an index. Tritiated thymidine labeling indices (LI) were used as an index of cell proliferative activity in the coronaries. We also determined the percentage of lesions occupied by lipid rich calcific @entity39 . For further comparisons all of the same values were determined for normal intimal cell masses (ICM) in control groups fed a low fat, low @entity165 mash diet throughout. The @entity731 in the HL @entity1707 appeared to arise mainly in the ICM. These became lesions and increased tremendously in size and cell numbers. The greatest increase was in the abdominal aorta even when lesion values were normalized by being expressed as percentages of the wall (intima + media). Lipid-rich calcific @entity39 occupied about 25% of the lesion by 9 months and the percentage was similar at 18 months although size of lesions and their @entity39 regions had increased 3-fold over the 9-month interval. Lesion @entity665 LIs were 3-4-fold greater than in the control ICM. In the period 9-18 months on an HL diet lesions increased about 3-fold in size and cell numbers. In the @entity1707 put on a regression diet for the 9-18 month period growth of the lesions stopped completely. In fact, there was a numerical decrease in lesion sizes and cell numbers and this was statistically significant for the left anterior descending coronary. The lesion growth stoppage was partly accounted for by the "turning off" of excessive DNA synthesis activity of the lesion cells as indicated by the return of @entity665 LIs to the normal values in the mash controls. Another factor was the lack of increase and in fact marked reduction in the size of the regions of lipid rich @entity39 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The "turning off" of excessive cell replicative activity in advanced XXXX of @entity1707 by a regression diet.

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']


abstract: Membrane fusion is a fundamental and wide-spread phenomenon in the functioning of cells. Many studies were carried out concerning fusion of plasma membranes as for example cell-cell fusions or uptake by cells of lipid-enveloped viruses. The present study deals with the interaction of intracellular membranes of @entity11150 with artificial membranes (liposomes). Association is monitored by the uptake of radioactive liposomes by fungal microsomal membranes. The discrimination between aggregation and pure fusion is done by layering the liposomes-microsomes mixture on a continuous @entity969 gradient. The accurate quantitation of the fusion phenomenon is monitored with a fluorescent assay based on resonance energy transfer (Struck, D.K. et al. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 4093-4099). Both methods show that, at physiological pH, there is a spontaneous fusion of microsomes with @entity165 -free liposomes. This phenomenon is protein dependent as trypsinized microsomal membranes are no longer able to fuse with liposomes. Biological significance of the fusion process has been demonstrated using microsomal intrinsic protein mannosylation assay; the enhancement of the lipid to protein ratio due to the fusion of liposomes with microsomes of A. @entity3456 results in an increase in the rate of endogenous proteins mannosylation. Moreover, cytosolic proteins of A. @entity3456 promote the fusion of any kind of liposomes with microsomes.

title: Protein-mediated fusion of liposomes with microsomal membranes of XXXX : evidence for a complex mechanism dealing with membranous and cytosolic fusogenic proteins.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

answer: @entity11150 :: (5061,Species) :: ['Aspergillus niger']


abstract: A significant number of @entity1 with @entity1893 have peripheral blood involvement during the course of their disease. Because the expression of receptor for the lectin peanut agglutinin PNA by normal lymphocytes is associated with noncirculating (stationary phase) cells, we studied the relationship between PNA binding by @entity706 cells and the presence of clonal B cells in the blood of 38 @entity1 with @entity1892 . The binding of PNA by cells in tissues was determined by the immunoperoxidase method and by two-color flow cytometry. @entity706 cells (clonal B cells) were identified by a sensitive flow-cytometric technique (kappa-lambda analysis) and were also studied for PNA binding in some cases. In all, 16 of 38 (42%) of @entity706 were PNA+, including a spectrum of histologic types. @entity706 cells were demonstrated in 17 of 22 @entity706 , whereas only 3 of 16 of PNA+ @entity706 had such circulating cells. Thus, there is a significant association between PNA binding and peripheral blood involvement by @entity706 (P less than .005 by chi-square analysis). In 12 cases, the circulating and tissue @entity706 cells had similar expression of PNA receptor (2 PNA+ and 10 PNA- cases), indicating that modulation of the PNA binding sites did not occur. In three @entity1 who presented with @entity8624 , the circulating malignant cells were PNA-. These findings suggest that for both normal and malignant lymphocytes the absence of binding sites for PNA is associated with the capacity of these cells to circulate freely.

title: Circulating malignant cells in XXXX : correlation with binding by peanut agglutinin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Circulating lymphoma', 'PNA-lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['lymphosarcoma cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: During the last decades, extended characterizations were performed of @entity1 full-term cord blood ( @entity17341 ) cells, but little information is available on @entity1 early preterm cord blood (hEPCB) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In our study, we analyzed by flow cytometry 19 hEPCB and 17 @entity17341 samples. First, we observed that the percentage of @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) cells was higher in hEPCB compared with @entity17341 and that it decreased during 16th-20th week of pregnancy. Within the @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) population, we examined the expression of @entity2393 , @entity2279 , @entity3053 , @entity5399 , @entity2467 , @entity5439 , @entity7801 , @entity7403 , @entity1262 , and @entity10430 . We found that @entity7801 intensity and @entity1262 (Pos) cells percentage were lower in hEPCB compared with @entity17341 . As to @entity3053 , we observed that hEPCB samples were richer in undifferentiated @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) @entity3053 (Neg) HSCs compared with @entity17341 counterparts. We also compared the expression of the above-mentioned molecules in undifferentiated and committed HSCs residing in hEPCB and @entity17341 . In particular, although @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) @entity3053 (Pos) HSCs from both hEPCB and @entity17341 expressed relatively higher amounts of @entity2393 , @entity8282 , and @entity7801 compared with @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) @entity3053 (Neg) cells, a higher expression of @entity2279 was restricted to @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) @entity3053 (Pos) cells from hEPCB samples, and a higher expression of @entity2467 was demonstrated in @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) @entity3053 (Pos) cells from @entity17341 samples. Moreover, our data showed that @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) cell population from hEPCB displayed higher percent of undifferentiated @entity3053 (Neg) @entity5439 (Pos) cells compared with @entity17341 samples. Finally, analyzing monocytes and lymphocytes within the two samples, we observed that T-cell percentages were higher in @entity17341 , whereas B-cell percentages were higher in hEPCB. We, therefore, studied the B-cell lineage maturation and found a higher percent of pro-B and pre-B cells in hEPCB compared with @entity17341 samples. Taken together, these results evidence the hematopoietic peculiarity of hEPCB, potentially useful for highlighting early steps of @entity1 hematolymphopoiesis as well as for developing novel strategies of stem cell-based therapy.

title: Polychromatic flow cytometry analysis of XXXX + hematopoietic stem cells in cryopreserved early preterm @entity1 cord blood samples.

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: During the last decades, extended characterizations were performed of @entity1 full-term cord blood ( @entity17341 ) cells, but little information is available on @entity1 early preterm cord blood (hEPCB) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In our study, we analyzed by flow cytometry 19 hEPCB and 17 @entity17341 samples. First, we observed that the percentage of @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) cells was higher in hEPCB compared with @entity17341 and that it decreased during 16th-20th week of pregnancy. Within the @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) population, we examined the expression of @entity2393 , @entity2279 , @entity3053 , @entity5399 , @entity2467 , @entity5439 , @entity7801 , @entity7403 , @entity1262 , and @entity10430 . We found that @entity7801 intensity and @entity1262 (Pos) cells percentage were lower in hEPCB compared with @entity17341 . As to @entity3053 , we observed that hEPCB samples were richer in undifferentiated @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) @entity3053 (Neg) HSCs compared with @entity17341 counterparts. We also compared the expression of the above-mentioned molecules in undifferentiated and committed HSCs residing in hEPCB and @entity17341 . In particular, although @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) @entity3053 (Pos) HSCs from both hEPCB and @entity17341 expressed relatively higher amounts of @entity2393 , @entity8282 , and @entity7801 compared with @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) @entity3053 (Neg) cells, a higher expression of @entity2279 was restricted to @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) @entity3053 (Pos) cells from hEPCB samples, and a higher expression of @entity2467 was demonstrated in @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) @entity3053 (Pos) cells from @entity17341 samples. Moreover, our data showed that @entity2280 (Pos) @entity1195 (Dim) cell population from hEPCB displayed higher percent of undifferentiated @entity3053 (Neg) @entity5439 (Pos) cells compared with @entity17341 samples. Finally, analyzing monocytes and lymphocytes within the two samples, we observed that T-cell percentages were higher in @entity17341 , whereas B-cell percentages were higher in hEPCB. We, therefore, studied the B-cell lineage maturation and found a higher percent of pro-B and pre-B cells in hEPCB compared with @entity17341 samples. Taken together, these results evidence the hematopoietic peculiarity of hEPCB, potentially useful for highlighting early steps of @entity1 hematolymphopoiesis as well as for developing novel strategies of stem cell-based therapy.

title: Polychromatic flow cytometry analysis of @entity2280 + hematopoietic stem cells in cryopreserved early preterm XXXX cord blood samples.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is a rare @entity5 with @entity5 and sarcomatoid tissues. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical manifestations and pathological findings of @entity189 of the lung. METHODS: Data including clinical manifestations, pathological findings, treatment were retrospectively analysed from fourteen @entity1 with @entity2 confirmed by pathology and follow-up was carried out. RESULTS: Mean age at onset was 62 years old and gender ratios (M/F) in these @entity1 was 6:1. The clinical manifestations of @entity2 were similar to that of other types of @entity2 while there were characteristic findings on the enhancement CT scan. Bronchofiberscopy was not a reliable examination for final diagnosis. Cells with endothelial phenotype could be detected by immunohistochemical method. CONCLUSIONS: The final diagnosis of this disease depends on histopathological observation, while the diagnosis may be missed among @entity1 without surgical intervention. Immunohistochemical examination is helpful for diagnosis and differential diagnosis. The therapeutic strategy is coincident with that for @entity1149 .

title: [Clinical analysis of XXXX of the lung].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mixed tumor', 'malignant cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'lung sarcomatoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma', 'Sarcomatoid carcinoma', 'SC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['sarcomatoid carcinoma']


abstract: Among 174 cases of @entity739 examined by CT-scan between January 80 and December 85, 17 (9.8%) had a focal lesion without @entity4242 . It consisted of an @entity2695 (1 case), a @entity6795 (1 case) and @entity75 (15 cases). In 11 cases with @entity9670 , an acute event had occurred between 28 weeks of gestation and 3 months of life. In 7 cases, the lesion extended to the major part of one hemisphere. In the 10 others, it was localized either to the rolandic or to the temporo-occipital regions. In all the cases, the lesion concerned at least one of these areas. It involved the cortex in 15 cases but in the 2 others it seemed to only concern the white matter. The lesion was on the left in 14 cases. After @entity230 , the @entity302 recurred in 6 cases of which 5 involved the frontal lobe (P less than 0.05). This study seems to show that it is mainly the rolandic and the temporo-occipital areas that favour the occurrence of @entity739 , whereas extension to the frontal area is responsible of a later partial @entity302 .

title: [Focal lesions in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['porencephalic lesions']

entities_list: @entity9670 :: ('MESH:D065708', 'Disease') :: ['porencephaly']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['infantile spasms']


abstract: @entity130 continues as the leading cause of mortality in @entity1 and adolescents. With the recent push for improvement in emergency medical services and specialized @entity130 centers for this age group, more moribund @entity1 can be expected to reach these centers. Multiple reports document the efficacy of resuscitative thoracotomy in the moribund adult @entity130 victim, but published reports of this technique in @entity1 and adolescents are lacking. From January 1981 to July 1986, 19 @entity1 ranging in age from 4 to 18 years (mean 14) underwent resuscitative thoracotomy. Eleven @entity1 sustained penetrating @entity130 while eight sustained @entity130 from @entity130 . Five @entity1 survived and were discharged from the hospital (26%). There were no survivors in the 0-15 year age group in five penetrating @entity130 and four @entity130 victims. This review confirms the efficacy of resuscitative thoracotomy in the @entity1 with penetrating @entity130 . Salvage in the @entity130 victim is possible, but less than in penetrating @entity130 (12.5% versus 36%). Further studies in this age group will be necessary to establish appropriate guidelines for the use of RT in @entity1 and adolescents.

title: Resuscitative thoracotomy in XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Accidental injury', 'blunt trauma', 'injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']