abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastrocnemius recession has emerged as a viable intervention for @entity1 with recalcitrant foot and @entity3681 associated with @entity1159 . The purpose of this case-control study was to investigate the effects of an isolated gastrocnemius recession on @entity158 , @entity1 -reported function, and strength in @entity1 with @entity924 and an @entity1159 . METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity924 (mean age [and standard deviation], fifty-two    7.7 years) who received a gastrocnemius recession and ten matched-control subjects participated. A visual analog scale was used to assess @entity158 , and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure was used to evaluate @entity1 -reported function in activities of daily living and sports. @entity1 were asked about their satisfaction with the results of the gastrocnemius recession. @entity3681 peak torque was assessed at 60  /sec and 120  /sec. Appropriate t tests were used to assess limb symmetry and strength differences between the groups. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up was eighteen months (range, twelve to twenty-eight months). Gastrocnemius recession provided significant @entity158 relief (mean preoperative visual analog scale score [and standard deviation], 6.8    1.8; mean follow-up visual analog scale score, 1.4    2.7; p < 0.05). Foot and Ankle Ability Measure outcomes showed between-group differences in activities of daily living (Achilles @entity924 group, 89.7; control group, 98.5; p = 0.05) and sports subscales (Achilles @entity924 group, 71.9; control group, 95.1; p = 0.05). The activities reported to be the most challenging included going up hills, climbing stairs, running, and jumping. Eleven of the thirteen @entity1 in the Achilles tendon group were satisfied with treatment. Side-to-side strength comparisons showed no differences at 60  /sec. Significant differences were observed at 120  /sec (Achilles @entity924 group, 21%; control group, 3%; p < 0.05); however, the involved limb reached a peak torque similar to that in the control limb. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated gastrocnemius recession provides significant and @entity1118 . Good function can be expected for activities of daily living, but power and endurance activities were more problematic for the Achilles @entity924 group. Isokinetic strength assessment may not effectively capture @entity1 -reported functional deficits. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Isolated gastrocnemius recession for achilles XXXX : strength and functional outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle disorders', 'Ankle plantar flexion']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy', 'chronic Achilles tendinopathy', 'unilateral Achilles tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['isolated gastrocnemius contracture']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['sustained pain relief for chronic Achilles tendinopathy']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinopathy']


abstract: Intracranial @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ) from seven @entity1 were examined by immunostaining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cell culture. Positive staining for Factor VIII-related antigen was restricted to capillary endothelial cells. There was no reaction with @entity538 ( @entity538 ) serum or anti-S-100 protein serum. In these @entity5 TEM displayed extracellular basement membrane-like material (BMLM), cytoplasmic intermediate filaments (IF) associated with a dense body, dilated rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum containing BMLM, a small area of interdigitation of cell membranes, and a unique intercellular punctate or linear density. By SEM these @entity5 had intercellular shell-like or reticular structures and irregularly branched capillaries which were compressed by ellipsoidal- or @entity10786 -shaped @entity5 cells. Short-term monolayer culture showed rapid and vigorous growth of @entity5 cells, and the formation of pseudolumens but not of whorls. The TEM of cultured cells also showed cytoplasmic IF associated with the dense body. By SEM the cultured cells were flat and had a discoid nucleus with conspicuous nucleolar hillocks. Our results show that @entity1653 are mainly poorly specialized mesenchyme-related @entity5 of the meninges; some possess a potential for aggressive growth and some for differentiation into smooth muscle cells. Further study is needed to determine their histogenesis.

title: Analysis of XXXX by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and cell culture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['HM', 'hemangiopericytic meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['hemangiopericytic meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The service setting has some unique strengths and weaknesses that must be kept in mind when organizing @entity580 ( @entity580 ) prevention interventions. METHODS: Following an initial study to gather data regarding @entity580 in the Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) we put into place various infection control interventions. The present study was carried out to analyse the effect of these interventions on the incidence of @entity580 in the ICU. RESULTS: The total admissions to the ICU were 253 @entity1 . Eighty eight @entity1 (34.78%) were admitted for more than 48  hr, 165 @entity1 stayed for less than 48  h. The frequency of @entity580 was 7.95% (95% CI 3.54, 15). @entity55 was observed in 2 of the 88 @entity1 (2.27%) (95% CI 0.38, 7.30) which amounted to 9.70 @entity281 per 1000 ventilator days. @entity281 was detected in 3 out of 88 @entity1 (3.4%) (95% CI 0.87, 8.99) amounting to 6.54 fresh @entity281 per 1000 Central Venous Catheter days. @entity293 was observed in 2 (2.27%) (95% CI 0.38, 7.30) at 2.86 fresh @entity281 per 1000 catheter days. As compared to the previous study we found that there was a decline of @entity580 ranging from 60 to 70%. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that by meticulously following infection control protocols especially tailored to the service setting the incidence of @entity580 's can be reduced. However, the challenge is in maintaining the gains achieved since there is a rapid turnover of manpower in the ICU and a lack of a structured ICU design model.

title: Control of hospital acquired XXXX in the ICU: A  service perspective.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'Bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['HAI', 'Hospital acquired infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is the leading inheritable cause of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) and one of the leading causes of @entity454 overall. @entity8 @entity1 differ from the overall dialysis population; however, there is little published data regarding health care costs for @entity8 @entity1 on dialysis. METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study was designed to quantify health care utilization and costs for @entity8 @entity1 with @entity454 who received initial services at a single large dialysis organization between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2009. Parallel results and baseline @entity1 characteristics for control @entity1 with @entity454 etiologies other than @entity8 were performed for reference. Dialysis-related utilization and health care costs for @entity1 with @entity8 in @entity454 overall and during time horizons that correspond to Medicare-eligibility benchmarks were analyzed. Baseline @entity1 characteristics were described for all @entity1 and included demographics, comorbid illnesses, and clinical characteristics. Dialysis-related utilization, hospitalization rates, and health care costs were considered longitudinally. RESULTS: Total health care costs for @entity8 @entity1 were high at US 51,048 per @entity1 -year based on the overall analysis. Total health care costs were lower for @entity8 @entity1 than for control @entity1 on dialysis. @entity1 with @entity8 were generally younger, had a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index, and had lower rates of comorbid conditions, which may have contributed to the lower overall costs seen for @entity1 with @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Health care resource utilization and costs for @entity1 with @entity8 in @entity454 requiring dialysis were high, and therapeutic interventions that can prevent or delay the progression to @entity454 may increase dialysis-free life for @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: @entity454 in XXXX : a comparison of dialysis-related utilization and costs with other chronic kidney diseases.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'ADPKD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is the leading inheritable cause of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) and one of the leading causes of @entity454 overall. @entity8 @entity1 differ from the overall dialysis population; however, there is little published data regarding health care costs for @entity8 @entity1 on dialysis. METHODS: This retrospective observational cohort study was designed to quantify health care utilization and costs for @entity8 @entity1 with @entity454 who received initial services at a single large dialysis organization between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2009. Parallel results and baseline @entity1 characteristics for control @entity1 with @entity454 etiologies other than @entity8 were performed for reference. Dialysis-related utilization and health care costs for @entity1 with @entity8 in @entity454 overall and during time horizons that correspond to Medicare-eligibility benchmarks were analyzed. Baseline @entity1 characteristics were described for all @entity1 and included demographics, comorbid illnesses, and clinical characteristics. Dialysis-related utilization, hospitalization rates, and health care costs were considered longitudinally. RESULTS: Total health care costs for @entity8 @entity1 were high at US 51,048 per @entity1 -year based on the overall analysis. Total health care costs were lower for @entity8 @entity1 than for control @entity1 on dialysis. @entity1 with @entity8 were generally younger, had a lower Charlson Comorbidity Index, and had lower rates of comorbid conditions, which may have contributed to the lower overall costs seen for @entity1 with @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Health care resource utilization and costs for @entity1 with @entity8 in @entity454 requiring dialysis were high, and therapeutic interventions that can prevent or delay the progression to @entity454 may increase dialysis-free life for @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: XXXX in @entity8 : a comparison of dialysis-related utilization and costs with other chronic kidney diseases.

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-stage renal disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical evaluation of floaters lacks quantitative assessment of vitreous structure. This study used quantitative ultrasound (QUS) to measure vitreous opacities. Since floaters reduce @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and quality of life ( @entity227 [ @entity227 ]), it is hypothesized that QUS will correlate with @entity8 and @entity227 in @entity1 with floaters. METHODS: Twenty-two eyes (22 subjects; age = 57    19 years) with floaters were evaluated with Freiburg acuity contrast testing (FrACT; %Weber) and @entity227 . Ultrasonography used a customized probe (15-MHz center frequency, 20-mm focal length, 7-mm aperture) with longitudinal and transverse scans taken in primary gaze and a horizontal longitudinal scan through premacular vitreous in temporal gaze. Each scan set had 100 frames of log-compressed envelope data. Within each frame, two regions of interest (ROIs) were analyzed (whole-central and posterior vitreous) to yield three parameters (energy, E; mean amplitude, M; and percentage of vitreous filled by echodensities, @entity2451 ) averaged over the entire 100-frame dataset. Statistical analyses evaluated E, M, and @entity2451 correlations with @entity8 and @entity227 . RESULTS: Contrast sensitivity ranged from 1.19%W (normal) to 5.59%W. All QUS parameters in two scan positions within the whole-central ROI correlated with @entity8 (R > 0.67, P < 0.001). @entity2451 in the nasal longitudinal position had R = 0.867 (P < 0.001). Correlations with @entity227 ranged from R = 0.52 (P < 0.013) to R = 0.65 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative ultrasound provides quantitative measures of vitreous echodensity that correlate with @entity8 and @entity227 , providing objective assessment of vitreous structure underlying the functional disturbances induced by floaters, useful to quantify vitreous disease severity and the response to therapy.

title: Ultrasound-based quantification of vitreous floaters correlates with XXXX and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['contrast sensitivity', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VFQ', 'Visual Function Questionnaire']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['contrast sensitivity']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: This paper provides significant ethnobotanical information on medicinal plants in Espiye in the Black Sea Region. Recording such data calls for urgency. This is the first ethnobotanical study in which statistical calculations about plants are carried out by means of FIC method in Northern (Espiye-Giresun) part of @entity233 . This study aims to identify the wild plants collected for medicinal purposes by locals of Espiye which is located in the Black Sea Region of @entity233 , and to identify the uses and local names of these wild plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A field study had been carried out for a period of approximately 2 years (2012-2014). During this period, information about medicinal use of 55 wild and 15 cultivated plants were collected. Demographic characteristics of @entity1 , names of the local plants, their utilized parts and preparation methods were investigated and recorded. Through face-to-face interviews, we identified and recorded demographic characteristics of the respondents. We interviewed 128 @entity1 who are over the age of 29. The plant taxa were collected within the scope of the study; and herbarium materials were prepared. In addition, the relative significance value of the taxa was determined, and informant consensus factor (FIC) was calculated for the medicinal plants included in the study. RESULTS: We have found out in the literature review of the plants included in our study that 70 plant taxa are already used for medicinal purposes while 3 plants are not available among the records in the literature. The most common families are Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, and Ericaceae. We include in our study and report for the first time the medicinal uses of Alchemilla crinita Buser, Stachys sylvatica L., and Thymus leucotrichus Hal. var. leucotrichus Hal. Names of local plants in @entity233 vary especially due to vernaculars. The plants that the locals of Espiye use are called with the same or different local names in various parts of Anatolia. CONCLUSION: We found out that locals living in the research area use for therapeutic purpose 70 plants taxa which belong to 36 families. Turkish citizens with different ethnic backgrounds took the questionnaire. These @entity1 use these wild plants in treatment of several diseases. Comparison of the data obtained in this study with the experimental data obtained in the previous laboratory studies on the wild plants which grow in Espiye proved ethnobotanical usages to a great extent. Literature review indicated that the therapeutic plants that grow in Espiye are used in different parts of the world for the treatment of similar diseases.

title: An ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants in Espiye and its surrounding (Giresun- XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons', 'people']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Resective surgery is considered an effective treatment for refractory localization-related @entity302 . Most studies have reported @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes of 2-5years postsurgery and a few up to 10years. Our study aimed to assess long-term (up to 15years) postsurgical @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes at our @entity302 center. The Henry Ford Health System Corporate Data Store was accessed to identify @entity1 who had undergone surgical resection for localization-related @entity302 from 1993 to 2011. Demographics including age at @entity302 onset and surgery, @entity410 frequency before surgery, and pathology were gathered from electronic medical records. Phone surveys were conducted from May 2012 to January 2013 to determine @entity1 ' current @entity410 frequency and psychosocial metrics including driving and employment status and use of antidepressants. Surgical outcomes were based on Engel's classification (classes I and II=favorable outcomes). McNemar's tests, chi-square tests, two sample t-tests, and Wilcoxon two sample tests were used to analyze the relationships of psychosocial and surgical outcomes with demographic and surgical characteristics. A total of 470 @entity1 had resective @entity302 surgery, and of those, 50 (11%) had died since surgery. Of the remaining, 253 (60%) were contacted with mean follow-up of 10.6  5.0years (27% of @entity1 had follow-up of 15years or longer). Of the @entity1 surveyed, 32% were @entity410 -free and 75% had a favorable outcome (classes I and II). Favorable outcomes had significant associations with temporal resection (78% temporal vs 58% extratemporal, p=0.01) and when surgery was performed after scalp EEG only (85% vs 65%, p<0.001). Most importantly, favorable and @entity410 -free outcome rates remained stable after surgery over long-term follow-up [i.e., <5years (77%, 41%), 5-10years (67%, 29%), 10-15years (78%, 38%), and >15years (78%, 26%)]. Compared to before surgery, @entity1 at the time of the survey were more likely to be driving (51% vs 35%, p<0.001) and using antidepressants (30% vs 22%, p=0.013) but less likely to be working full-time (23% vs 42%, p<0.001). A large majority of @entity1 (92%) considered @entity302 surgery worthwhile regardless of the resection site, and this was associated with favorable outcomes (favorable=98% vs unfavorable=74%, p<0.001). The findings suggest that resective @entity302 surgery yields favorable long-term postoperative @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes.

title: Long-term XXXX and psychosocial outcomes after resective surgery for intractable @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Resective surgery is considered an effective treatment for refractory localization-related @entity302 . Most studies have reported @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes of 2-5years postsurgery and a few up to 10years. Our study aimed to assess long-term (up to 15years) postsurgical @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes at our @entity302 center. The Henry Ford Health System Corporate Data Store was accessed to identify @entity1 who had undergone surgical resection for localization-related @entity302 from 1993 to 2011. Demographics including age at @entity302 onset and surgery, @entity410 frequency before surgery, and pathology were gathered from electronic medical records. Phone surveys were conducted from May 2012 to January 2013 to determine @entity1 ' current @entity410 frequency and psychosocial metrics including driving and employment status and use of antidepressants. Surgical outcomes were based on Engel's classification (classes I and II=favorable outcomes). McNemar's tests, chi-square tests, two sample t-tests, and Wilcoxon two sample tests were used to analyze the relationships of psychosocial and surgical outcomes with demographic and surgical characteristics. A total of 470 @entity1 had resective @entity302 surgery, and of those, 50 (11%) had died since surgery. Of the remaining, 253 (60%) were contacted with mean follow-up of 10.6  5.0years (27% of @entity1 had follow-up of 15years or longer). Of the @entity1 surveyed, 32% were @entity410 -free and 75% had a favorable outcome (classes I and II). Favorable outcomes had significant associations with temporal resection (78% temporal vs 58% extratemporal, p=0.01) and when surgery was performed after scalp EEG only (85% vs 65%, p<0.001). Most importantly, favorable and @entity410 -free outcome rates remained stable after surgery over long-term follow-up [i.e., <5years (77%, 41%), 5-10years (67%, 29%), 10-15years (78%, 38%), and >15years (78%, 26%)]. Compared to before surgery, @entity1 at the time of the survey were more likely to be driving (51% vs 35%, p<0.001) and using antidepressants (30% vs 22%, p=0.013) but less likely to be working full-time (23% vs 42%, p<0.001). A large majority of @entity1 (92%) considered @entity302 surgery worthwhile regardless of the resection site, and this was associated with favorable outcomes (favorable=98% vs unfavorable=74%, p<0.001). The findings suggest that resective @entity302 surgery yields favorable long-term postoperative @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes.

title: Long-term @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes after resective surgery for intractable XXXX .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2867 ( @entity2867 ) is a rare, highly aggressive @entity5 , characterized by complete or partial composition by undifferentiated cells. We report a case of @entity2867 with rhabdoid features in a 68-year-old male, who presented with a rapidly enlarging neck mass. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the @entity1374 showed discohesive, pleomorphic round to polygonal rhabdoid cells with one to multiple eccentric, large, rounded nuclei with a prominent nucleolus, moderate to abundant, globoid cytoplasm which oftentimes harbor a pale para-nuclear inclusion. The cytoplasm of some cells contained variously sized, eosinophilic granules. Rare cells contained neutrophils in their cytoplasm. Mitoses including atypical @entity6578 and @entity39 were readily seen. Histologic examination of needle core biopsy (NCB) revealed individual dispersed and sheets of pleomorphic neoplastic cells with similar cytomorphologic features as described above. The @entity5 extensively infiltrated a myxocollagenous stroma containing lymphocytes and neutrophils, and demonstrated foci of @entity39 . @entity5 cells were immunoreactive for keratins @entity1325 / @entity1326 , CAM5.2, and @entity4166 ; @entity15529 , and @entity4206 , but negative for S-100, HMB-45, calcitonin, @entity10922 , @entity3745 , @entity2940 , @entity16412 , @entity5953 , myogenin, @entity2279 , and @entity6195 . The differential diagnosis of this @entity5606 is discussed. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX with rhabdoid features.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['malignant rhabdoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic figures']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['ATC', 'Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid mass']

answer: @entity2867 :: (MESH:D065646,Disease) :: ['Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Every year, scores of millions of @entity1 - as diverse as @entity28 and lean, teenagers and older adults, sedentary and elite athletes, commoners and celebrities - attempt to lose weight on some form of diet. They are often encouraged by their parents, friends, health professionals, @entity15285 , a media that promotes a slim image and a diet-industry that in Europe and United States alone has an annual turnover in excess of  150 billion. Weight regain is generally the rule, with one-third to two-thirds of the weight lost being regained within 1 year and almost all is regained within 5 years. With studies of the long-term outcomes showing that at least one-third of dieters regain more weight than they lost, together with prospective studies indicating that dieting during childhood and adolescence predicts future @entity1017 and @entity28 , there is concern as to whether dieting may paradoxically be promoting exactly the opposite of what it is intended to achieve. Does dieting really make @entity1 fatter? How? Does dieting increase the risks for @entity66 as many go through repeated cycles of intentional @entity353 and unintentional weight regain, i.e. through yo-yo dieting or weight cycling? What's new in adipose tissue biology pertaining to the mechanisms that drive weight regain? Why does exercise not necessarily work in concert with dieting to achieve @entity353 and prevent weight regain? What 'lessons' are we learning from bariatric surgery about the mechanisms by which long-term @entity353 seems achievable? It is these questions, against a background of preoccupation with dieting, that recent advances and controversies relevant to the theme of 'Pathways from dieting to weight regain, to @entity28 and to the @entity209 ' are addressed in this overview and the eight review articles in this supplement reporting the proceedings of the 7th Fribourg Obesity Research Conference.

title: Pathways from dieting to weight regain, to XXXX and to the @entity209 : an overview.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity15285 :: ('MESH:C536430', 'Disease') :: ['training coaches']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Every year, scores of millions of @entity1 - as diverse as @entity28 and lean, teenagers and older adults, sedentary and elite athletes, commoners and celebrities - attempt to lose weight on some form of diet. They are often encouraged by their parents, friends, health professionals, @entity15285 , a media that promotes a slim image and a diet-industry that in Europe and United States alone has an annual turnover in excess of  150 billion. Weight regain is generally the rule, with one-third to two-thirds of the weight lost being regained within 1 year and almost all is regained within 5 years. With studies of the long-term outcomes showing that at least one-third of dieters regain more weight than they lost, together with prospective studies indicating that dieting during childhood and adolescence predicts future @entity1017 and @entity28 , there is concern as to whether dieting may paradoxically be promoting exactly the opposite of what it is intended to achieve. Does dieting really make @entity1 fatter? How? Does dieting increase the risks for @entity66 as many go through repeated cycles of intentional @entity353 and unintentional weight regain, i.e. through yo-yo dieting or weight cycling? What's new in adipose tissue biology pertaining to the mechanisms that drive weight regain? Why does exercise not necessarily work in concert with dieting to achieve @entity353 and prevent weight regain? What 'lessons' are we learning from bariatric surgery about the mechanisms by which long-term @entity353 seems achievable? It is these questions, against a background of preoccupation with dieting, that recent advances and controversies relevant to the theme of 'Pathways from dieting to weight regain, to @entity28 and to the @entity209 ' are addressed in this overview and the eight review articles in this supplement reporting the proceedings of the 7th Fribourg Obesity Research Conference.

title: Pathways from dieting to weight regain, to @entity28 and to the XXXX : an overview.

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Frontal fibrosing @entity1665 (FFA) is a distinctive form of scarring @entity1665 presenting with partial @entity393 and frontal temporal parietal recession of the hairline. Its etiology remains unknown, and there is no definitive treatment. Information in familial cases of FFA is scarce. We conducted a retrospective cohort study describing the mean clinical findings, treatment, and also the mean differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal cases of familiar FFA. Data analysis from case was performed on eight @entity1 with a familiar history and diagnosis of FFA seen at the Alicante Aesthetic Dermatology Centre between January 2009 and June 2014. All @entity1 in this cohort were females. Mean age at onset was 65  year (range 60-75) in the postmenopausal @entity1 and 39  year (range 33-47) in the premenopausal @entity1 . All menopausal @entity1 were in an advanced stage when the disease had already developed in the frontal and/or temporal parietal hairline region. However, the daughters, all of them premenopausal age, attended the consultation with mild involvement of the eyebrows in all four cases and mild impairment of the frontal hairline in three of them. Specific clinical findings in familial FFA are poorly communicated until nowadays although the number of familial cases arises until 8% in the main case series published in recent years. Early diagnosis in premenopausal stage is frequent in our case series and allows us to begin the protocol treatment in the first stage of the disease, but long-term progression will remain uncertain until a definitive treatment could be established by multicenter randomized controlled trials.

title: Case series of XXXX and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['eyebrow loss']

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['familial frontal fibrosing alopecia']


abstract: AIMS: To compare ablation lesion formation after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using the standard cryoballoon ( @entity47007 ) vs. the re-designed cryoballoon Arctic Front Advance (CB-A) using late @entity2287 enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE-MRI) 3 months post-ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-six consecutive @entity1 with paroxysmal or short-lasting persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) were evaluated prospectively after PVI using the @entity47007 in the first 18 @entity1 and the CB-A in the subsequent 18 @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent LGE-MRI and a 7-day Holter electrocardiogram monitoring 3 months after ablation. Fifty-six per cent of the @entity1 were male (mean age 63.0    9.1 years). Fifty-six per cent in the first group and 89% in the second group were free of @entity955 recurrence 3 months after ablation (P = 0.025). Three months after ablation, LGE-MRI of the left atrium showed complete circular lesions in 35% of PVs in the first group and in 32% of PVs in the second group (n.s.). The left PVs showed a significantly higher proportion of @entity1347 compared with the right PVs (83 vs. 34%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Cardiac MRI is able to visualize induced @entity75 after PVI and might be suitable to quantify ablation lesion amount. Ablation lesion formation did not differ significantly in @entity1 treated with the @entity47007 vs. the CB-A, despite a significantly lower rate of @entity955 recurrence after 3 months in the CB-A group. Left PVs showed a significantly higher amount of @entity75 compared with the right PVs. Larger and randomized studies are needed to understand the relationship between representable tissue lesions and success rates.

title: Lesion formation after pulmonary vein isolation using the advance cryoballoon and the standard cryoballoon: lessons learned from late XXXX enhancement magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ablation lesions']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['PV segments with complete ablation lesions']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coexisting of @entity2743 and functioning @entity19967 is a rare condition. Although the histology of @entity19967 predominantly composed of thyrocytes, the majority of the @entity1 did not have @entity2743 . The mechanism underlying the functioning status of the @entity5 is still unclear but the presence of @entity5010 ( @entity5010 ) is thought to play a role. Here we describe the @entity1 presentation and report the @entity5010 expression of the @entity5 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year old Asian @entity1 presented with long standing @entity2743 for 23  years. She was diagnosed with @entity2743 and thyroid nodules. She had bilateral exophthalmos and had high titer of plasma @entity5010 antibody. Total thyroidectomy was performed and the histologic findings confirmed the clinical diagnosis. The @entity1 had persistent @entity2743 postoperatively. Thyroid uptake demonstrated the adequacy of the thyroid surgery and the whole body scan confirmed the presence of functioning thyroid tissue at pelvic area. The surgery was scheduled and the @entity1 had @entity1375 after the surgery. The pathological diagnosis was @entity19967 at right ovary. We performed @entity5010 staining in both the @entity1 's @entity19967 and in 3 cases of non-functioning @entity19967 . The staining results were all positive and the intensity of the @entity5010 staining of functioning @entity19967 was the same as that in other cases of @entity5 , suggesting that the determinant of functioning @entity19967 might be the presence of @entity5010 stimuli rather than the intensity of the @entity5010 in the ovarian tissue. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity2743 with persistent or recurrent @entity2743 after adequate ablative treatment, the possibility of ectopic @entity6145 production should be considered. @entity5010 expression is found in @entity1 with functioning and non-functioning @entity19967 and cannot solely be used to determine the functioning status of the @entity5 .

title: Coexistence of XXXX and unilateral functioning Struma ovarii: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19967 :: ('MESH:D013330', 'Disease') :: ['struma ovarii']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-functioning tumors']

entities_list: @entity5010 :: ('7253', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid stimulating hormone receptor', 'TSHR']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a computer-aided diagnostic system with texture analysis to improve radiologists' accuracy in identification of @entity0 as malignant or benign. METHODS: The database included 20 benign and 12 @entity5 . We extracted 300 statistical texture features as descriptors for each selected region of interest in 3 normalization schemes (default,   - 3  , and   + 3  , where   and    were the mean value and standard deviation, respectively, of the gray-level intensity and 1%-99%). Then features determined by the Fisher coefficient and the lowest probability of classification error + average correlation coefficient yielded the 10 best and most effective features. We analyzed these features under 2 standardization states (standard and nonstandard). For texture analysis of the @entity0 , we applied principle component, linear discriminant, and nonlinear discriminant analyses. First-nearest neighbor classification was performed for the features resulting from the principle component and linear discriminant analyses. Nonlinear discriminant analysis features were classified by an artificial neural network. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used for examining the performance of the texture analysis methods. RESULTS: Standard feature parameters extracted by the Fisher coefficient under the default and 3   normalization schemes via nonlinear discriminant analysis showed high perform-ancefor discrimination between benign and @entity5 , with sensitivity of 94.28%, specificity of 100%, accuracy of 97.80%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.9714. CONCLUSIONS: Texture analysis is a reliable method and has the potential to be used effectively for classification of benign and @entity5 on breast sonography.

title: Classification of XXXX using sonographic texture analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic dissections involving the descending aorta are a major clinical problem in @entity1 with @entity1614 . OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify clinical parameters associated with @entity1580 and to develop a risk model to predict @entity1580 in @entity1 with @entity1614 . METHODS: @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity1614 and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic imaging of the aorta were followed for a median of 6 years for the occurrence of type B dissection or the combined end point of @entity1580 , distal aortic surgery, and @entity204 . A model using various clinical parameters as well as genotyping was developed to predict the risk for type B dissection in @entity1 with @entity1614 . RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2013, 54 type B aortic dissections occurred in 600 @entity1 with @entity1614 (mean age 36    14 years, 52% male). Independent variables associated with @entity1580 were prior prophylactic aortic surgery (hazard ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 3.8; p  = 0.010) and a proximal descending aorta diameter  >= 27 mm (hazard ratio: 2.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 4.3; p  = 0.020). In the risk model, the 10-year occurrence of @entity1580 in low-, moderate-, and high-risk @entity1 was 6%, 19%, and 34%, respectively. Angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy was associated with fewer type B aortic dissections (hazard ratio: 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.1 to 0.9; p  = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1614 with prior prophylactic aortic surgery are at substantial risk for @entity1580 , even when the descending aorta is only slightly dilated. Angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy may be  protective in the prevention of type B aortic dissections.

title: The risk for @entity1580 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan  syndrome', 'Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type B aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['marfan syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic dissections involving the descending aorta are a major clinical problem in @entity1 with @entity1614 . OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify clinical parameters associated with @entity1580 and to develop a risk model to predict @entity1580 in @entity1 with @entity1614 . METHODS: @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity1614 and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic imaging of the aorta were followed for a median of 6 years for the occurrence of type B dissection or the combined end point of @entity1580 , distal aortic surgery, and @entity204 . A model using various clinical parameters as well as genotyping was developed to predict the risk for type B dissection in @entity1 with @entity1614 . RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2013, 54 type B aortic dissections occurred in 600 @entity1 with @entity1614 (mean age 36    14 years, 52% male). Independent variables associated with @entity1580 were prior prophylactic aortic surgery (hazard ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 3.8; p  = 0.010) and a proximal descending aorta diameter  >= 27 mm (hazard ratio: 2.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 4.3; p  = 0.020). In the risk model, the 10-year occurrence of @entity1580 in low-, moderate-, and high-risk @entity1 was 6%, 19%, and 34%, respectively. Angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy was associated with fewer type B aortic dissections (hazard ratio: 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.1 to 0.9; p  = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1614 with prior prophylactic aortic surgery are at substantial risk for @entity1580 , even when the descending aorta is only slightly dilated. Angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy may be  protective in the prevention of type B aortic dissections.

title: The risk for XXXX in @entity1614 .

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type B aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Postoperative intraspinal subdural collections in @entity1 after posterior fossa @entity5 resection may temporarily hinder @entity3 detection by MR imaging or CSF analysis, potentially impacting therapy. We investigated the incidence, imaging and clinical features, predisposing factors, and time course of these collections after posterior fossa @entity5 resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of postoperative spine MRI in 243 @entity1 (5.5    4.6 years of age) from our clinical data base postresection of @entity6804 from October 1994 to August 2010 yielded 37 (6.0    4.8 years of age) subjects positive for postoperative intraspinal subdural collections. Their extent and signal properties were recorded for postoperative (37/37), preoperative (15/37), and follow-up spine (35/37) MRI. Risk factors were compared with age-matched internal controls (n = 37, 5.9    4.5 years of age). Associations of histology, @entity1276 and @entity3976 , and postoperative intracranial subdural collections with postoperative intraspinal subdural collections were assessed by the Fisher exact test or   (2) test. The association between preoperative @entity5 volume and postoperative intraspinal subdural collections was assessed by the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: The overall incidence of postoperative intraspinal subdural collections was 37/243 (15.2%), greatest  <=7 days postoperatively (36%); 97% were seen 0-41 days postoperatively (12.9    11.0 days). They were T2 hyperintense and isointense to CSF on T1WI, homogeneously enhanced, and resolved on follow-up MR imaging (35/35). None were symptomatic. They were associated with intracranial subdural collections (P = .0011) and @entity3976 (P = .0228). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative intraspinal subdural collections are infrequent and clinically silent, resolve spontaneously, and have a distinctive appearance. @entity3976 appears to be a predisposing factor. In this series, repeat MR imaging by 4 weeks documented improvement or resolution of these collections in 88%.

title: Postoperative intraspinal subdural collections after pediatric posterior fossa XXXX resection: incidence, imaging, and clinical features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6804 :: ('MESH:D015192', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa tumors']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative tonsillar herniation', 'cerebellar tonsillar herniation', 'preoperative tonsillar herniation']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Serum-free differentiation protocols of @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer the ability to maximize reproducibility and to develop clinically applicable therapies. We developed a high-throughput, 96-well plate, four-color flow cytometry-based assay to optimize differentiation media cocktails and to screen a variety of conditions. We were able to differentiate hESCs to all three primary germ layers, screen for the effect of a range of activin A, @entity13062 , and @entity7 concentrations on endoderm and mesoderm differentiation, and perform RNA-interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of a reporter gene during differentiation. Cells were seeded in suspension culture and embryoid bodies were induced to differentiate to the three primary germ layers for 6 days. Endoderm ( @entity436 (+)KDR(-)), mesoderm (KDR(+)SSEA-3(-)), and ectoderm (SSEA-3(+)NCAM(+)) differentiation yields for H9 cells were 80    11, 78    7, and 41    9%, respectively. Germ layer identities were confirmed by quantitative PCR. Activin A, @entity13062 , and @entity540 drove differentiation, with increasing concentrations of activin A inducing higher endoderm yields and increasing @entity13062 inducing higher mesoderm yields. @entity7 drove lateral mesoderm differentiation. RNAi-mediated knockdown of constitutively expressed red fluorescent protein did not affect endoderm differentiation. This assay facilitates the development of serum-free protocols for hESC differentiation to target lineages and creates a platform for screening small molecules or RNAi during ESC differentiation.

title: A high-throughput multiplexed screening assay for optimizing serum-free differentiation protocols of XXXX embryonic stem cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In recent years, the authors of epidemiological studies have documented that @entity792 are a major problem of modern society and are classified as diseases of civilization. @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ) are caused by an abnormal immune response to autoantigens present in the thyroid gland - they often coexist with other @entity792 . The most common dysfunctions of the thyroid gland are @entity1375 , @entity2743 and @entity2621 . @entity2621 can be the main cause of @entity1375 of the thyroid gland. Anthropometric, biochemical and physicochemical parameters are used to assess the nutritional status during the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1374 . @entity1 with @entity1375 are often obese, whereas @entity1 with @entity1378 are often afflicted with rapid weight loss. The consequence of @entity28 is a change of the thyroid hormones' activity; however, @entity353 leads to their normalization. The activity and metabolic rate of thyroid hormones are modifiable. @entity1669 are associated with @entity60451 and thus increased risk of developing @entity2175 . @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) also increases the risk of developing other @entity792 . @entity3147 or the presence of numerous @entity3147 in a @entity1 's body can be the cause of @entity1374 . Coexisting deficiencies of such elements as iodine, iron, selenium and zinc may impair the function of the thyroid gland. Other @entity942 usually observed in @entity1 suffering from ATD are: protein @entity15248 (A, C, B6, B5, B1) and @entity21012 (phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chromium). Proper diet helps to reduce the symptoms of the disease, maintains a healthy weight and prevents the occurrence of @entity3147 . This article presents an overview of selected documented studies and scientific reports on the relationship of @entity209 and nutritional status with the occurrence of ATD.

title: XXXX and nutritional status in @entity1669 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity60451 :: ('MESH:D044882', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of glucose metabolism']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2']

entities_list: @entity15248 :: ('MESH:D001361', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies, vitamin deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['Graves-Basedow disease']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['ATDs', 'Autoimmune thyroid diseases']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis", "Hashimoto's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['Celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition', 'nutritional deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity21012 :: ('MESH:C537337', 'Disease') :: ['mineral deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['nutrient deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disorders', 'thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic disorders']


abstract: In recent years, the authors of epidemiological studies have documented that @entity792 are a major problem of modern society and are classified as diseases of civilization. @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ) are caused by an abnormal immune response to autoantigens present in the thyroid gland - they often coexist with other @entity792 . The most common dysfunctions of the thyroid gland are @entity1375 , @entity2743 and @entity2621 . @entity2621 can be the main cause of @entity1375 of the thyroid gland. Anthropometric, biochemical and physicochemical parameters are used to assess the nutritional status during the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1374 . @entity1 with @entity1375 are often obese, whereas @entity1 with @entity1378 are often afflicted with rapid weight loss. The consequence of @entity28 is a change of the thyroid hormones' activity; however, @entity353 leads to their normalization. The activity and metabolic rate of thyroid hormones are modifiable. @entity1669 are associated with @entity60451 and thus increased risk of developing @entity2175 . @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) also increases the risk of developing other @entity792 . @entity3147 or the presence of numerous @entity3147 in a @entity1 's body can be the cause of @entity1374 . Coexisting deficiencies of such elements as iodine, iron, selenium and zinc may impair the function of the thyroid gland. Other @entity942 usually observed in @entity1 suffering from ATD are: protein @entity15248 (A, C, B6, B5, B1) and @entity21012 (phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chromium). Proper diet helps to reduce the symptoms of the disease, maintains a healthy weight and prevents the occurrence of @entity3147 . This article presents an overview of selected documented studies and scientific reports on the relationship of @entity209 and nutritional status with the occurrence of ATD.

title: @entity209 and nutritional status in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['autoimmune thyroid diseases']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate whether the histology and grading of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) correlated with the results of dynamic multiphase multidetector CT (MDCT) and the @entity419 standardised uptake value (SUV) in 30 @entity1 . METHODS: Chest x-rays of 270 @entity1 with incidentally detected SPNs were retrospectively evaluated. Thirty @entity1 with histologically proven SPNs were enrolled. On MDCT and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT images, two experts measured the density of nodules in all perfusion phases and the SUV. Net enhancement (NE) was calculated by subtracting peak pre-contrast density from peak post-contrast density. The Pearson test was used to correlate nodule NE, SUV, grading, histology and diameter. RESULTS: Of the 30 malignant SPNs, six were classified as G1 (median NE, 31.5 Hounsfield units (HU); median SUV, 4.8 units), 15 were classified as G2 (median NE, 49 HU; median SUV, 6 units), and nine were classified as G3 (median NE, 32 HU; median SUV, 4.5 units). A highly negative correlation was found in G3 SPNs between NE and the corresponding diameters (r=-0.834; p=0.00524). NE increased with the increase in diameter (r=0.982; p=0.284). SUV increased as the @entity5113 diameter increased (r=0.789; p=0.421). NE and SUV were higher in G2 than G1 SPNs, and lower in G2 than G3 SPNs (r=0.97; p=0.137). CONCLUSIONS: The significant correlation in dedifferentiated (G3) SPNs between NE and diameter (r=-0.834; p=0.00524) supports the theory that stroma and neoangiogenesis are fundamental in @entity5113 growth. The highly negative correlation between NE and diameter demonstrates a net decrease in perfusion despite an increase in dimension. The multidisciplinary approach used herein may result in a more precise prognosis and consequently a better therapeutic outcome, particularly in @entity1 with undifferentiated @entity2 .

title: Preliminary study on the correlation between grading and histology of solitary pulmonary nodules and contrast enhancement and XXXX standardised uptake value after evaluation by dynamic multiphase CT and PET/CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: The opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is one of the oldest known medicinal plants. In the biosynthetic pathway for @entity1286 and @entity10425 , @entity71944 is reduced to @entity71945 by @entity71944 reductase (SalR; EC 1.1.1.248) using @entity1110 as coenzyme. Here, we report the atomic structure of SalR to a resolution of    1.9     in the presence of @entity1110 . The core structure is highly homologous to other members of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. The major difference is that the @entity4571 moiety and the substrate-binding pocket are covered by a loop (residues 265-279), on top of which lies a large "flap"-like domain (residues 105-140). This configuration appears to be a combination of the two common structural themes found in other members of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family. Previous modeling studies suggested that substrate inhibition is due to mutually exclusive productive and nonproductive modes of substrate binding in the active site. This model was tested via site-directed mutagenesis, and a number of these mutations abrogated substrate inhibition. However, the atomic structure of SalR shows that these mutated residues are instead distributed over a wide area of the enzyme, and many are not in the active site. To explain how residues distal to the active site might affect catalysis, a model is presented whereby SalR may undergo significant conformational changes during catalytic turnover.

title: Atomic structure of XXXX reductase from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum).

entities_list: @entity71944 :: ('MESH:C009270', 'Chemical') :: ['salutaridine']

entities_list: @entity71945 :: ('CHEBI:18373', 'Chemical') :: ['salutaridinol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

answer: @entity71944 :: (MESH:C009270,Chemical) :: ['salutaridine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The gullet worm (Gongylonema pulchrum) has been recorded from a variety of mammals worldwide. In an earlier study, we demonstrated two separate transmission cycles in @entity291 ( @entity291 ) and wild mammals in Japan based on @entity4334 sequences of the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) and @entity8890 ( @entity8890 ) region of mitochondrial DNA of multiple isolates of different origins. Our earlier study additionally demonstrated two major @entity8890 haplotypes of G. pulchrum prevalent in @entity291 in Japan. In the present study, we collected G. pulchrum from @entity291 and @entity1237 ( @entity1237 ) in Alashan League, Inner Mongolia, China; Gongylonema aegypti from spiny @entity19 (Acomys dimidiatus) in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt; and Gongylonema neoplasticum from a @entity5698 ( @entity5698 ) in Okinawa Island, Japan, to analyze their genetic relationships with G. pulchrum in Japan. The gullet worms from Alashan League had almost identical rDNA @entity4334 sequences and two @entity8890 haplotypes as seen in G. pulchrum from the @entity291 in Japan. The two rodent Gongylonema spp. had distinct rDNA @entity4334 sequences compared with those of G. pulchrum; only the 18S and 5.8S rDNA sequences showed high identities at 97.2-98.7  %, while the remaining sequences were less than 75  % identical. The 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rDNA sequences of the two rodent Gongylonema spp. showed @entity4334 identities of 99.8  % (1811/1814), 100  % (158/158), and 98.9  % (3550/3590), respectively. The @entity8890 regions showed 91.6  % (338/369)-92.1  % (340/369) identities, with completely identical @entity3689 sequences. The genetic diversities of three distinct Gongylonema spp. and their possible intraspecific genetic variation may allow us to resolve the taxonomic position of Gongylonema spp. which display few obvious morphological differences from their congeners. Consequently, the Gongylonema isolate from water buffaloes ( @entity11520 ) in Nepal reported in our previous study is concluded to be a new species, and Gongylonema nepalensis @entity8891 . is erected for it.

title: Intraspecific and interspecific genetic variation of Gongylonema pulchrum and two rodent Gongylonema spp. (G. aegypti and G. neoplasticum), with the proposal of G. nepalensis XXXX . for the isolate in water buffaloes from Nepal.

entities_list: @entity8890 :: ('3283879(Tax:9913)', 'Gene') :: ['cox-1', 'cytochrome c oxidase subunit I']

entities_list: @entity11520 :: ('89462', 'Species') :: ['Bubalus bubalis']

entities_list: @entity5698 :: ('10117', 'Species') :: ['Rattus rattus', 'black rat']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Bos taurus', 'cattle']

entities_list: @entity1237 :: ('9925', 'Species') :: ['Capra hircus', 'goats']

answer: @entity8891 :: (42353,Species) :: ['n. sp']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13785 is an inheritable @entity209 for which enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been available since 2006. Effects of ERT have been shown on distance walked, pulmonary function and survival. We investigated whether it also improves quality of life and participation in daily life in adult @entity1 with the disease. METHODS: In an international survey, we assessed quality of life (Short Form 36, SF-36) and participation (Rotterdam Handicap Scale, @entity14740 ) annually between 2002 and 2012. Repeated measurements mixed effects models were used to describe the data over time. RESULTS: Responses were available for 174 adult @entity1 . In the periods before and after start of ERT, the median follow-up times were 4  years each (range 0.5-8). The SF-36 Physical Component Summary measure (PCS) deteriorated before ERT (-0.73 score points per year (sp/y); CI 95  % -1.07 to -0.39), while it improved in the first 2  years of ERT (1.49 sp/y; CI 0.76 to 2.21), and remained stable thereafter. The Mental Component Summary measure (MCS) remained stable before and during ERT. After declining beforehand (-0.49 sp/year; CI -0.64 to-0.34), the @entity14740 stabilized under ERT. CONCLUSION: In adult @entity1 with @entity13785 , ERT positively affects quality of life and participation in daily life. Our results reinforce previous findings regarding the effect of ERT on muscle strength, pulmonary function and survival.

title: Quality of life and participation in daily life of adults with XXXX receiving enzyme replacement therapy: 10  years of international follow-up.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['Pompe disease']

answer: @entity13785 :: (MESH:D006009,Disease) :: ['Pompe disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of pre-transplantation medication for secondary @entity2742 on post-transplantation @entity461 ( @entity461 ) and @entity460 levels have not yet been conclusively determined. Therefore, this study sought to determine the level of off-label use of cinacalcet and to determine predictors of its administration during the long-term follow-up of a cohort of individuals who received deceased-donor renal transplants. Furthermore, safety considerations concerning the off-label use of cinacalcet are addressed. METHODS: This was a case-control study of 355 stable renal transplant recipients. The @entity1 cohort was divided into two groups. Transplant group A comprised @entity1 who did not receive cinacalcet treatment, and transplant group B comprised @entity1 who received cinacalcet treatment during follow-up after renal transplantation. The characteristics of the @entity1 were evaluated to determine predictors of cinacalcet use after successful renal transplantation. RESULTS: Compared with the control individuals (n   =   300), the cinacalcet-treated individuals (n   =   55) had significantly higher @entity461 levels at 4  weeks post-transplantation (20.3        1.6 versus 40.7        4.0 pmol/L, p   =   0.0000) when they were drug naive. At 3.2  years post-transplantation, cinacalcet-treated @entity1 showed higher @entity461 (26.2        2.3 versus 18.4        2.3 pmol/L, p   =   0.0000), higher @entity460 (2.42        0.03 versus 2.33        0.01  mmol/L, p   =   0.0045) and lower @entity1391 (0.95        0.04 versus 1.06        0.17  mmol/L, p   =   0.0021) levels. Individuals in the verum group were more likely to receive cinacalcet therapy (45.5% versus 14.3%, p   =   0.0000), and they had higher pill burdens for the treatment of @entity2742 (1.40        0.08 versus 0.72        0.03 pills per @entity1 , p   =   0.0000) whilst they were on the waiting list for transplantation. Regression analysis confirmed the associations between @entity2742 and @entity461 levels at 4  weeks post-transplantation (p   =   0.0001), cinacalcet use (p   =   0.0000) and the preoperative total pill burden (p   =   0.0000). Renal function was the same in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Parathyroid gland dysfunction pre-transplantation translates into clinically relevant @entity2742 post-transplantation, despite @entity1 being administered more intensive treatment whilst on dialysis. @entity461 levels at 4  weeks post-transplantation might serve as a marker for the occurrence of @entity2742 during follow-up.

title: Vitamin D and cinacalcet administration pre-transplantation predict XXXX post-transplantation: a case-control study of 355 deceased-donor renal transplant recipients over 3  years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism', 'hypercalcaemic hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['hypercalcaemic hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: Both the variety and rarity of @entity189 pose challenge for using histologic grade and biomarkers to predict outcome. @entity3975 is the histologic subtype for which grading is most prognostically and therapeutically relevant. This @entity5 is graded using standard schemes in a 3-tier manner with the intermediate-grade category shows the most variability between grading systems and thus the most controversy in management. The t(11;19)(q21; @entity4668 ) @entity7093 - @entity7094 translocation may be an objective marker that can help to further stratify difficult cases. @entity2347 are graded based on pattern with solid areas correlating with a worse prognosis. Occasionally, @entity2347 may undergo transformation to highly @entity146 @entity189 with frequent nodal metastases. Comparative genomic hybridization has revealed several chromosomal regions (such as 1p32- @entity10784 , 6q23-q27) of prognostic interest in @entity2347 . @entity189 ex-pleomorphic @entity652 is actually a category of @entity5 rather than a single @entity5 type with both @entity146 and indolent versions. These @entity5 should be further qualified as to type/grade of @entity189 and extent, as intracapsular and minimally invasive @entity5 behave favorably. @entity3981 , although generally considered low grade, can recur, metastasize, or even prove lethal in a significant number of cases suggesting amenability to a grading scheme to separate these biologic groups. Although @entity146 histologic parameters ( @entity4575 , @entity39 , and mitoses) are predictive of poor outcome, a standard grading scheme does not yet exists. @entity3981 can also undergo high-grade transformation.

title: Histologic grading and prognostic biomarkers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['Mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoid cystic carcinomas', 'adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'adenoid cystic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma', 'pleomorphic high-grade carcinomas', 'salivary gland carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['Acinic cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4575 :: ('MESH:D000708', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['salivary gland carcinomas']


abstract: We investigated exercise capacity after fluid depletion in @entity1 with moderate @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Twenty-one @entity1 underwent ultrafiltration (mean volume +/- SEM: 1,770 +/- 135 ml). Echocardiography, tests of pulmonary function, and a cardiopulmonary exercise test with hemodynamic and esophageal pressure monitoring were performed before ultrafiltration and 3 months later. Tests without invasive measurements were repeated 4 and 30 days after ultrafiltration. Twenty-one control @entity1 followed the same protocol but did not have ultrafiltration. @entity1 who underwent ultrafiltration and increased their @entity26 consumption at peak exercise (peak VO2) by > 10% at the 3-month evaluation (group A1, n = 9) were separated from those who did not (group A2, n = 8); 3 @entity1 did not complete the follow-up. Four days after the procedure, peak VO2 had risen from 17.3 +/- 0.8 to 19.3 +/- 0.9 ml/min/kg in group A1, and from 11.9 +/- 0.7 to 14.1 +/- 0.7 ml/min/kg in group A2 (p < 0.01). Plasma @entity1063 and pulmonary function were consistent with a greater severity of the syndrome in group A2. At 3 months in group A1, the relations of filling pressure to cardiac index of the right and left ventricles were shifted upward; the esophageal pressure swing (differences between end-expiratory and end-inspiratory pressure) for a given tidal volume was lower; the peak exercise dynamic lung compliance had increased from 0.10 +/- 0.05 to 0.14 +/- 0.03 L/mm Hg (p < 0.01). None of these changes were detected in group A2 and control @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Lung-heart interaction as a substrate for the improvement in exercise capacity after body fluid volume depletion in moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity706 ( @entity706 ) are a heterogenous group of rare @entity706 with incomplete information on global and regional prevalence. The recently introduced lymphoma classifications define distinctive clinicopathological disease entities that should allow for more accurate epidemiological assessment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical spectrum of @entity706 diagnosed and treated at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology in St. P  lten, Lower Austria, a dermatology referral centre providing secondary and tertiary care for a population of about 600  000. METHODS: In this retrospective study pathology reports, electronically archived between 2006 and 2013, were screened for the @entity706 , @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) and @entity8548 ( @entity8548 ). @entity1 were diagnosed according to the current WHO-EORTC classification for @entity706 and results were compared with data from European, US and Asian centres. RESULTS: Among 86 @entity1 with @entity706 (age 58.3      17.35  years, mean    SD; @entity1 38%, n  =  33; @entity1 62%, n  =  53) 83% (n  =  71) were classified as @entity784 ( @entity784 ) and 17% (n  =  15) as @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ). Nine @entity1 with @entity784 showed associated @entity74 and malignomas. Among 47 @entity4888 @entity1 following variants were observed: pilotropic @entity4888 (n  =  2), @entity12620 (n  =  1), unilesional @entity4888 (n  =  1), large-cell transformation (n  =  3), erythrodermic @entity4888 (n  =  1), poikilodermatous @entity4888 (n  =  2) and @entity1071 (CD8(+) @entity4888 with gamma/delta phenotype after renal transplantation) (n  =  1). One @entity1 had @entity4888 concurrent with @entity8548 . The group of @entity1892 comprised six cases (40%) of PCMZL and PCFCL each, 20% (n  =  3) were classified as PCLBCL, LT. CONCLUSION: This study for the first time provides data on the distribution of @entity706 clinicopathologic variants and stages according to the latest classification and staging systems in an Austrian referral centre.

title: Frequency of primary XXXX variants in Austria: retrospective data from a dermatology referral centre between 2006 and 2013.

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid neoplasms', 'cutaneous lymphomas', 'Primary cutaneous lymphomas', 'PCL', 'terms lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphomas', 'CTCL']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous B-cell lymphomas', 'CBCL']

entities_list: @entity12620 :: ('MESH:D000507', 'Disease') :: ['follicular mucinosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity8548 :: ('MESH:D017731', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatoid papulosis', 'LyP']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['cutaneous lymphoma']


abstract: In a prospective pilot study, 32 @entity1 with advanced inoperable @entity957 of the @entity135 were treated with polychemotherapy and hyaluronidase combined with radiation therapy. Polychemotherapy consisted of 5 mg @entity7324 on day 1 and 80 mg/m2 @entity900 on day 2. The @entity1 were given 200,000 IU hyaluronidase intravenously 20 minutes prior to @entity7324 and @entity900 . Radiation in fractions of 2 Gy per day was administered on the following days (days 3-5, 8-12, 15-18), that is, 12 times. This regimen was repeated twice starting with day 22 and 43. Side effects were mainly of local character: moderate to severe @entity33 in 10 @entity1 and mild @entity33 in 22 @entity1 . No severe systemic @entity137 was observed. Complete remission was achieved in 27 of 32 @entity1 . At present, 16 @entity1 are alive and without relapse. The average time of follow-up is 47 months (range: 26-75 months). These preliminary results suggest that combined therapy with @entity7324 , @entity900 , hyaluronidase, and radiation are well tolerated by most @entity1 and highly effective against advanced @entity1544 and the neck.

title: Combined application of XXXX , @entity7324 , hyaluronidase and radiation for treatment of advanced @entity957 of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the head']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: In a prospective pilot study, 32 @entity1 with advanced inoperable @entity957 of the @entity135 were treated with polychemotherapy and hyaluronidase combined with radiation therapy. Polychemotherapy consisted of 5 mg @entity7324 on day 1 and 80 mg/m2 @entity900 on day 2. The @entity1 were given 200,000 IU hyaluronidase intravenously 20 minutes prior to @entity7324 and @entity900 . Radiation in fractions of 2 Gy per day was administered on the following days (days 3-5, 8-12, 15-18), that is, 12 times. This regimen was repeated twice starting with day 22 and 43. Side effects were mainly of local character: moderate to severe @entity33 in 10 @entity1 and mild @entity33 in 22 @entity1 . No severe systemic @entity137 was observed. Complete remission was achieved in 27 of 32 @entity1 . At present, 16 @entity1 are alive and without relapse. The average time of follow-up is 47 months (range: 26-75 months). These preliminary results suggest that combined therapy with @entity7324 , @entity900 , hyaluronidase, and radiation are well tolerated by most @entity1 and highly effective against advanced @entity1544 and the neck.

title: Combined application of @entity900 , @entity7324 , hyaluronidase and radiation for treatment of advanced XXXX of the @entity135 .

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: In a prospective pilot study, 32 @entity1 with advanced inoperable @entity957 of the @entity135 were treated with polychemotherapy and hyaluronidase combined with radiation therapy. Polychemotherapy consisted of 5 mg @entity7324 on day 1 and 80 mg/m2 @entity900 on day 2. The @entity1 were given 200,000 IU hyaluronidase intravenously 20 minutes prior to @entity7324 and @entity900 . Radiation in fractions of 2 Gy per day was administered on the following days (days 3-5, 8-12, 15-18), that is, 12 times. This regimen was repeated twice starting with day 22 and 43. Side effects were mainly of local character: moderate to severe @entity33 in 10 @entity1 and mild @entity33 in 22 @entity1 . No severe systemic @entity137 was observed. Complete remission was achieved in 27 of 32 @entity1 . At present, 16 @entity1 are alive and without relapse. The average time of follow-up is 47 months (range: 26-75 months). These preliminary results suggest that combined therapy with @entity7324 , @entity900 , hyaluronidase, and radiation are well tolerated by most @entity1 and highly effective against advanced @entity1544 and the neck.

title: Combined application of @entity900 , XXXX , hyaluronidase and radiation for treatment of advanced @entity957 of the @entity135 .

answer: @entity7324 :: (MESH:D014751,Chemical) :: ['vindesine']


abstract: In a prospective pilot study, 32 @entity1 with advanced inoperable @entity957 of the @entity135 were treated with polychemotherapy and hyaluronidase combined with radiation therapy. Polychemotherapy consisted of 5 mg @entity7324 on day 1 and 80 mg/m2 @entity900 on day 2. The @entity1 were given 200,000 IU hyaluronidase intravenously 20 minutes prior to @entity7324 and @entity900 . Radiation in fractions of 2 Gy per day was administered on the following days (days 3-5, 8-12, 15-18), that is, 12 times. This regimen was repeated twice starting with day 22 and 43. Side effects were mainly of local character: moderate to severe @entity33 in 10 @entity1 and mild @entity33 in 22 @entity1 . No severe systemic @entity137 was observed. Complete remission was achieved in 27 of 32 @entity1 . At present, 16 @entity1 are alive and without relapse. The average time of follow-up is 47 months (range: 26-75 months). These preliminary results suggest that combined therapy with @entity7324 , @entity900 , hyaluronidase, and radiation are well tolerated by most @entity1 and highly effective against advanced @entity1544 and the neck.

title: Combined application of @entity900 , @entity7324 , hyaluronidase and radiation for treatment of advanced @entity957 of the XXXX .

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: A major problem with pharmacologic treatments for @entity5 is the unpredictable nature of the clinical response. Therefore, many @entity1 are treated but few benefit from chemotherapy. Selection of @entity1 for drug treatment would greatly benefit both responders and nonresponders. @entity1138 (MMC) and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) are important drugs widely used in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity344 . In a prospective study, an in vitro chemoresistance-sensitivity assay (CR-SA) was performed for 95 @entity1 at the time of surgery for peritoneal @entity189 from @entity14 . Following cytoreductive surgery, all of these @entity1 had minimal-to-moderate @entity66 . All @entity1 were treated with the same chemotherapy regimen regardless of the results of the in vitro assay in the postoperative period. Clinical status of @entity1 was correlated to the assay predictions, and the results were statistically evaluated. When resistance was correlated with outcome, there was no statistical difference. In addition, the mean percentage of growth inhibition was not increased when responders and nonresponders were compared. Finally, more @entity1 who had > or = 95% in vitro growth inhibition of @entity5 did not survive than did those with < or = 95% growth inhibition. The in vitro test did not predict sensitivity or resistance to @entity5 when regional chemotherapy was administered in a clinical setting of peritoneal @entity189 .

title: Prognostic implications of chemoresistance-sensitivity assays for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and appendiceal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal and appendiceal cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVES: To analyze magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluator agreement in @entity235 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) caused by @entity890 ( @entity890 ) using semiautomated and manual lesion segmentation and to analyze the associations between MRI and functional outcome. SETTING: United States of America. METHODS: T2-weighted MRIs from @entity235 with @entity1566 resulting from thoracolumbar @entity890 were identified from a database. Evaluators categorized MRIs on the basis of the presence or absence of a T2-hyperintense @entity602 in axial and sagittal images. A semiautomated segmentation algorithm was developed and used to estimate the lesion volume. Agreement between evaluators and between semiautomated and manual segmentation was analyzed. The relationships of qualitative and quantitative MRIs with behavioral functional outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: Axial images more commonly depicted lesions compared with sagittal images. Lesions in axial images had more consistent associations with functional outcome compared with sagittal images. There was imperfect qualitative agreement, and lesion volume estimation was imprecise. However, there was improved precision using semiautomated segmentation compared with manual segmentation. CONCLUSION: Lesion volume estimation in @entity235 with naturally occurring @entity1566 caused by @entity890 is challenging, and axial images have important advantages compared with sagittal images. The semiautomated segmentation algorithm described herein shows promise but may require further refinement.

title: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in a naturally occurring @entity235 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesion']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['IVDH', 'intervertebral disk herniation']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVES: To analyze magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluator agreement in @entity235 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) caused by @entity890 ( @entity890 ) using semiautomated and manual lesion segmentation and to analyze the associations between MRI and functional outcome. SETTING: United States of America. METHODS: T2-weighted MRIs from @entity235 with @entity1566 resulting from thoracolumbar @entity890 were identified from a database. Evaluators categorized MRIs on the basis of the presence or absence of a T2-hyperintense @entity602 in axial and sagittal images. A semiautomated segmentation algorithm was developed and used to estimate the lesion volume. Agreement between evaluators and between semiautomated and manual segmentation was analyzed. The relationships of qualitative and quantitative MRIs with behavioral functional outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: Axial images more commonly depicted lesions compared with sagittal images. Lesions in axial images had more consistent associations with functional outcome compared with sagittal images. There was imperfect qualitative agreement, and lesion volume estimation was imprecise. However, there was improved precision using semiautomated segmentation compared with manual segmentation. CONCLUSION: Lesion volume estimation in @entity235 with naturally occurring @entity1566 caused by @entity890 is challenging, and axial images have important advantages compared with sagittal images. The semiautomated segmentation algorithm described herein shows promise but may require further refinement.

title: Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in a naturally occurring XXXX model of @entity1566 .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity355 may be at increased risk of @entity694 , including @entity5 . However, different studies of this have yielded conflicting results. The objective of this analysis was to review all existing published data in an attempt to determine whether there is such an association and, if so, to estimate the level of risk. METHODS: We have reviewed all of the published studies examining the prevalence of @entity694 in @entity1 with @entity355 . We have compared these with a cohort of @entity1 drawn from the general population and participating in @entity14 screening programs. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity694 in @entity1 with @entity355 was 7.6% compared with 1.6% in the control group. The pooled odds ratio for @entity694 in @entity355 was 5.19 (p < 0.0001). In a small subgroup analysis, the odds ratio for @entity694 in @entity1 identified as having @entity355 with specialized columnar epithelium was 8.71 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1 with @entity355 have an increased risk of @entity694 . This may be particularly true in those @entity1 with specialized columnar epithelium.

title: A systematic review of the association between @entity355 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon neoplasms', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity355 may be at increased risk of @entity694 , including @entity5 . However, different studies of this have yielded conflicting results. The objective of this analysis was to review all existing published data in an attempt to determine whether there is such an association and, if so, to estimate the level of risk. METHODS: We have reviewed all of the published studies examining the prevalence of @entity694 in @entity1 with @entity355 . We have compared these with a cohort of @entity1 drawn from the general population and participating in @entity14 screening programs. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity694 in @entity1 with @entity355 was 7.6% compared with 1.6% in the control group. The pooled odds ratio for @entity694 in @entity355 was 5.19 (p < 0.0001). In a small subgroup analysis, the odds ratio for @entity694 in @entity1 identified as having @entity355 with specialized columnar epithelium was 8.71 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1 with @entity355 have an increased risk of @entity694 . This may be particularly true in those @entity1 with specialized columnar epithelium.

title: A systematic review of the association between XXXX and @entity694 .

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: @entity14761 , an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, commonly involves the stomach and small intestine with @entity1712 . Herein we describe an unusual case of @entity14761 involving the entire digestive tract. A 24-yr-old @entity1 came to our hospital presenting with @entity294 with marked peripheral @entity1712 . Stool specimens were negative for parasites, ova, bacteria, and fungi. Barium and endoscopic studies showed thickened @entity4 folds of the duodenum and small intestine. Biopsy specimens of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon showed @entity1712 . A diagnosis of @entity14761 involving the entire digestive tract was made, and therapy with @entity229 was started. Symptoms and peripheral @entity1712 rapidly resolved, and biopsies of the digestive tract demonstrated no @entity1712 . This case illustrates the expanded spectrum of the disease to the entire digestive tract and emphasizes the diagnostic usefulness of endoscopic biopsies. The initial presentation of @entity1 with @entity1712 requires the evaluation of the entire digestive tract. It is worth noting that @entity14761 can involve the entire digestive tract.

title: XXXX involving the entire digestive tract.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic infiltration', 'eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity14761 :: ('MESH:C535952', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic gastroenteritis', 'eosinophilic gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity14761 :: (MESH:C535952,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic gastroenteritis']


abstract: We sought to define cellular immune mechanisms of synergy between @entity5 -antigen-targeted monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy. Established B16 @entity320 in @entity19 was treated with cytotoxic doses of @entity786 in combination with an antibody targeting @entity22837 (aTRP1), a native @entity320 differentiation antigen. We find that Fcy receptors are required for efficacy, showing that antitumor activity of combination therapy is immune mediated. @entity5350 (-/-) @entity19 deficient in adaptive immunity are able to clear @entity5 , and thus innate immunity is sufficient for efficacy. Furthermore, previously treated wild-type @entity19 are not significantly protected against @entity5 reinduction, as compared with @entity19 inoculated with irradiated B16 alone, consistent with a primarily innate immune mechanism of action of chemo-immunotherapy. In contrast, @entity19 @entity14434 (NK) lymphocytes and nonclassical innate lymphocytes (ILC) due to deletion of the @entity2047 receptor common gamma chain @entity2047 yc(-/-)) are refractory to chemo-immunotherapy. Classical NK lymphocytes are not critical for treatment, as depletion of NK1.1    cells does not impair antitumor effect. Depletion of CD90   NK1.1    lymphocytes, however, both diminishes therapeutic benefit and decreases accumulation of macrophages within the @entity5 . @entity5 clearance during combination chemo-immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against native antigen is mediated by the innate immune system. We highlight a novel potential role for CD90   NK1.1    ILCs in chemo-immunotherapy.

title: Requirement for innate immunity and CD90    NK1.1    lymphocytes to treat established XXXX with chemo-immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity22837 :: ('22178(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['tyrosinase-related protein 1']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity14434 :: ('MESH:C566492', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in both classical natural killer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: A thorough evaluation of @entity10 in @entity1 and adolescents is necessary to make the correct diagnosis and initiate treatment. In part 1 of this article (  zge et al. in J @entity158 , 2010), we reviewed the diagnosis of @entity10 in @entity1 and adolescents. In the present part, we will discuss therapeutic management of primary @entity10 . An appropriate management requires an individually tailored strategy giving due consideration to both non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures. Non-pharmacological treatments include relaxation training, biofeedback training, cognitive-behavioural therapy, different psychotherapeutic approaches or combinations of these treatments. The data supporting the effectiveness of these therapies are less clear-cut in @entity1 than in adults, but that is also true for the data supporting medical treatment. Management of @entity2704 and TTH should include strategies relating to daily living activities, family relationships, school, friends and leisure time activities. In the pharmacological treatment age and gender of @entity1 , @entity10 diagnosis, comorbidities and side effects of medication must be considered. The goal of symptomatic treatment should be a quick response with return to normal activity and without relapse. The drug should be taken as early as possible and in the appropriate dosage. Supplementary measures such as rest in a quiet, darkened room is recommended. Pharmaco-prophylaxis is only indicated if lifestyle modification and non-pharmacological prophylaxis alone are not effective. Although many prophylactic medications have been tried in paediatric @entity2704 , there are only a few medications that have been studied in controlled trials. Multidisciplinary treatment is an effective strategy for @entity1 and adolescents with improvement of multiple outcome variants including frequency and severity of @entity10 and school days missed because of @entity10 . As a growing problem both @entity1 and families should be informed about medication overuse and the @entity1 's drug-taking should be checked.

title: Overview of diagnosis and management of paediatric XXXX . Part II: therapeutic management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Headache Pain']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the utility of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology as the initial modality in the investigation of @entity1374 . STUDY DESIGN: Fine needle aspiration biopsies performed on @entity1 presenting with diffuse or nodular @entity1374 and solitary thyroid nodules at the @entity24673 Medical College Hospitals, Bambolim @entity24673 , India, from January 1986 to June 1993, were reviewed. Two thousand four biopsies were performed on 1,992 @entity1 , with 12 @entity1 undergoing repeat FNA biopsy at different times due to an inconclusive primary result. These repeat biopsies were also inconclusive and were excluded from the series, leaving 1,992 cases. Two hundred thirty-eight of these 1,992 cases underwent surgery, either excision of the nodule or some form of thyroidectomy for a cytologically suspicious diagnosis, compression symptoms or cosmetic reasons, and a cytohistopathologic correlation was established in these cases. Twenty-five of the 238 cases that had inadequate cytologic findings were excluded, and the accuracy was studied in the remaining 213 cases. RESULTS: The results of FNA classified 1,557 (78.16%) of these cases as benign, 151 (7.58%) as suspicious, 30 (1.51%) as malignant and 254 (12.75%) as unsatisfactory. Cytohistopathologic correlation was established in 238 cases, which were operated on. Nine (5.5%) of 163 cases with an FNA diagnosis of benign, 10 (26.3%) of 38 cases with an FNA diagnosis of suspicious and 11 (91.67%) of 12 cases with an FNA diagnosis of malignant were histologically malignant. CONCLUSION: FNA biopsy of the thyroid can be used effectively as the initial modality in the evaluation of @entity1374 , both nodular and diffuse. It is very useful in detecting neoplastic foci in @entity1376 and also in evaluating solitary thyroid nodules.

title: Role of fine needle aspiration cytology as the initial modality in the investigation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid lesions', 'thyroid enlargement']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid lesions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: we developed a disability scale to monitor @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ) @entity1 , based on degree of function impairment and daily frequency of each symptom. MATERIAL _ METHODS: the scale was based on standardized questions and clinical examination. The scale was administered to 12 @entity1 , one or more times, for a total of 22 interviews. Each observation was recorded on videotape and reviewed by five independent observers. The ability of our scale to discriminate clinical changes was also compared with the Osserman classification. RESULTS: our scale showed from substantial to almost perfect inter and intraobserver agreement. Our findings showed that clinically relevant changes not detected by Osserman staging were disclosed by our scale. CONCLUSION: our scale is simple and easy to use in clinical practice. It offers an accurate means of evaluating disability in @entity1737 @entity1 and may detect clinically relevant changes in disability. It would therefore be useful to monitor the effects of therapy.

title: Reliable disability scale for XXXX sensitive to clinical changes.

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']