abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate quality of life (QOL) in @entity5 survivors after radiotherapy (RT), investigate the frequency of adverse events and demonstrate an association between these symptoms and QOL. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 95 @entity1 aged 21-75 years undergoing RT for @entity5 was carried out. QOL was assessed by the WHOQOL-BREF before, at 4 months, 1 year and 3 years after RT and adverse events were evaluated following RT by the (CTCAE) v 3.0 scale. QOL scores were assessed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test over time. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of QOL. RESULTS: The most frequent adverse events were @entity158 (64.2%) and @entity546 (45.9%). A significant increase in QOL scores was observed in the psychological domain, general health and overall QOL. @entity158 was negatively associated with the physical, psychological and social relationship domains (p < 0.01); @entity546 with the physical and social relationship (p < 0.01); decreased sexual interest with the psychological (p < 0.01). Higher family income was positively associated with the psychological domain and general health (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggested that QOL improved after RT in @entity1 with @entity5 . Adverse events, such as @entity158 , @entity546 and decreased sexual interest had a negative impact on QOL.

title: Quality of life and adverse events after radiotherapy in XXXX survivors: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic cancer']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gynecologic cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To study the pharmacological and mechanical properties of newly developed detrusor muscle after subtotal cystectomy, to explore if the regenerated detrusor has characteristics similar to the normal bladder base, from which it regenerated, or to the normal bladder body which it replaces. METHODS: Partial cystectomy was performed in female @entity35 . Fifteen weeks later, detrusor strips were cut from supratrigonal and equatorial segments. Unoperated @entity35 served as controls. Responses to field stimulation were obtained in the absence and presence of @entity5591 , @entity3159 , and @entity16312 blockade. Dose-response curves were obtained for @entity5402 , @entity861 , and @entity2647 . Force-velocity data were obtained on maximally activated chemically skinned preparations. RESULTS: Maximal contractile response to field stimulation was 60% of that to high-K+ with no difference between strips from control and cystectomy bladders. @entity3159 had no effect. @entity5591 decreased maximal response of supratrigonal strips to 62 +/- 6 (controls) and 61 +/- 4% (operated) of that without blocker. For equatorial strips the decrease was to 81 +/- 5 (controls) and 58 +/- 8% (operated). Frequency-response relations were obtained during blockade with @entity5591 , @entity861 , and @entity3159 . Supratrigonal strips showed a pronounced additional inhibition up to 40 Hz. Equatorial strips from controls were completely inhibited at all frequencies. Equatorial strips from operated bladders were inhibited up to 20 Hz but not at 40 and 60 Hz. @entity5402 EC(50) values were similar in all groups. Maximum response to @entity2647 was 10-20% of high-K+ response. Maximal shortening velocity (Vmax) was similar in control supratrigonal and equatorial strips, but was significantly lower in the operated bladders. CONCLUSIONS: (1): A regional difference exists in pharmacological properties of control detrusor, with a considerable contractile response to stimulation remaining in the supratrigonal muscle after simultaneous cholinergic, adrenergic, and purinergic blockade. (2): The new detrusor was functionally well innervated with no supersensitivity to muscarinic stimulation. (3): The newly formed bladder body had pharmacological properties specific for the supratrigonal segment from which it had developed. (4): There was no regional difference in force-velocity characteristics of the control detrusor. (5): The lowered Vmax in the newly formed bladder might thus be related to growth and regeneration of muscle cells.

title: Nerve induced responses and force-velocity relations of regenerated detrusor muscle after subtotal cystectomy in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin', 'prazosin']

entities_list: @entity861 :: ('MESH:C002630', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha,beta-methylene-ATP']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['Scopolamine', 'scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Framingham Heart Study was initiated in 1948 as a long-term longitudinal study to identify risk factors associated with @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Over the years the scope of the study has expanded to include offspring and other family members of the original cohort, marker data useful for gene mapping and information on other diseases. As a result, it is a rich resource for many areas of research going beyond the original goals. As part of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13, we used data from the study to evaluate the ability of neural networks to use @entity65 risk factors as training data for predictions of normal and @entity101 . RESULTS: Applying two different strategies to the coding of @entity65 risk data as risk factors (one longitudinal and one independent of time), we found that neural networks could not be trained to clearly separate individuals into normal and @entity101 groups. When training was successful, validation was not, suggesting over-fitting of the model. When the number of parameters was reduced, training was not as good. An analysis of the input data showed that the neural networks were, in fact, finding consistent patterns, but that these patterns were not correlated with the presence or absence of @entity101 . CONCLUSION: Neural network analysis, applied to risk factors for @entity65 in the Framingham data, did not lead to a clear classification of individuals into groups with normal and @entity101 . Thus, although @entity101 may itself be a risk factor for @entity65 , it does not appear to be clearly predictable using observations from a set of other @entity65 risk factors.

title: Risk factors for coronary artery disease and the use of neural networks to predict the presence or absence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['high blood pressure']


abstract: Using the Leksell stereotactic system, we selectively performed 91 biopsies for surgically inaccessible @entity75 . There were 25 multiple (27.5%), 15 diffuse (16.5%), and 51 (56.0%) @entity75 . However, we avoided subjecting the @entity1 with lesions adjacent to major vascular trunks or complex vascular structures such as the cavernous sinus, peri-insular regions and the pineal regions to stereotactic biopsy. The diagnosis was histologically confirmed in 84 cases (92.3%). Sixty-nine (75.8%) lesions were @entity5 ; 44 (48.4%) were @entity11 , 18 (19.8%) @entity706 , and five (5.5%) low-grade @entity11 . Thirteen (14.3%) cases had previously undergone radiation and/or chemotherapy for @entity1313 , seven had recurrent @entity11 (five with malignant transformation) and six manifested radiation @entity39 . None of the @entity1 died due to the stereotactic procedure; one (1.1%) exhibited morbidity due to complicated @entity548 . We found asymptomatic @entity548 occurred in nine (9.9%) @entity1 ; the rate of @entity548 was significantly higher in @entity1 with preoperative angiographic evidence of @entity5 stain. Two @entity1 (2.2%) suffered @entity410 , in one case @entity410 was induced by electric stimulation test at the target site. All five @entity1 younger than 15 years underwent the procedure without complications. The Leksell stereotactic system is useful for diagnostic tissue sampling and contributes effectively to the selection of appropriate therapy in @entity1 with malignant @entity1313 . While it carries a low morbidity rate without mortality in our series, care must be taken for selected target sites in highly vascularized lesions exhibiting positive @entity5 stains.

title: Stereotactic biopsy for multifocal, diffuse, and deep-seated XXXX using Leksell's system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['deep-seated lesions', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'minor bleeding']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Confusion between look-alike and sound-alike (LASA) medication names (such as @entity8488 and @entity4446 ) accounts for up to one in four medication errors, threatening @entity1 safety. Error reduction strategies include computerized physician order entry interventions, and 'Tall @entity1 ' lettering. The purpose of this study is to explore the medication name designation process, to elucidate properties that may prime the risk of @entity911 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: We analysed the formal and semantic properties of 7,987 International Non-proprietary Names (INNs), in relation to naming guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) INN programme, and have identified potential for errors. We explored: their linguistic properties, the underlying taxonomy of stems to indicate pharmacological interrelationships, and similarities between INNs. We used Microsoft Excel for analysis, including calculation of Levenshtein edit distance (LED). Compliance with WHO naming guidelines was inconsistent. Since the 1970s there has been a trend towards compliance in formal properties, such as @entity5545 , but longer names published in the 1950s and 1960s are still in use. The stems used to show pharmacological interrelationships are not spelled consistently and the guidelines do not impose an unequivocal order on them, making the meanings of INNs difficult to understand. Pairs of INNs sharing a stem (appropriately or not) often have high levels of similarity (<5 LED), and thus have greater potential for @entity911 . CONCLUSIONS: We have revealed a tension between WHO guidelines stipulating use of stems to denote meaning, and the aim of reducing similarities in nomenclature. To mitigate this tension and reduce the risk of @entity911 , the stem system should be made clear and well ordered, so as to avoid compounding the risk of @entity911 at the clinical level. The interplay between the different WHO INN naming principles should be further examined, to better understand their implications for the problem of LASA errors.

title: XXXX Safety in Medication Nomenclature: Orthographic and Semantic Properties of International Nonproprietary Names.

entities_list: @entity8488 :: ('MESH:D003543', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptamine']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['word length']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The high degree of @entity5 heterogeneity has meant that it is important to develop sensitive and selective assays to detect low-abundance @entity984 mutations in metastatic @entity14 (mCRC) @entity1 . As a major potential source of @entity5 DNA in the aforementioned genotyping assays, it was necessary to conduct an analysis on both the quality and quantity of DNA extracted from @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE). Therefore, four commercial FFPE DNA extraction kits were initially compared with respect to their ability to facilitate extraction of amplifiable DNA. The results showed that TrimGen kits showed the greatest performance in relation to the quality and quantity of extracted FFPE DNA solutions. Using DNA extracted by TrimGen kits as a template for @entity5 genotyping, a real-time wild-type blocking PCR (WTB-PCR) assay was subsequently developed to detect the aforementioned @entity984 mutations in mCRC @entity1 . The results showed that WTB-PCR facilitated the detection of mutated alleles at a ratio of 1:10,000 (i.e. 0.01%) wild-type alleles. When the assay was subsequently used to test 49 mCRC @entity1 , the results showed that the mutation detection levels of the WTB-PCR assay (61.8%; 30/49) were significantly higher than that of traditional PCR (38.8%; 19/49). Following the use of the real-time WTB-PCR assay, the   Cq method was used to quantitatively analyze the mutation levels associated with @entity984 in each FFPE sample. The results showed that the mutant levels ranged from 53.74 to 0.12% in the @entity1 analyzed. In conclusion, the current real-time WTB-PCR is a rapid, simple, and low-cost method that permits the detection of trace amounts of the mutated @entity984 gene.

title: Single-Tubed Wild-Type Blocking Quantitative PCR Detection Assay for the Sensitive Detection of Codon 12 and 13 XXXX Mutations.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intra-tumor']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although perforation of the colon is known as one of the main complications of @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) for @entity14 management, factors predictive of perforation have not been fully evaluated. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with perforation during colorectal @entity5848 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity14 undergoing @entity5848 were enrolled and their records were reviewed retrospectively. Age, sex, co-morbidity, medication history, procedure time, resection method, @entity5 size, location, gross morphology, the presence of @entity82 , and histologic findings were included as possible risk factors. In the cases where perforation had occurred, factors associated with the duration of hospitalization were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred eight lesions in 108 @entity1 were eligible for inclusion in the study (68 @entity1 were male; mean @entity1 age was 63.01        10.71 years). Mean @entity5 size was 27.59        10.10   mm (range: 8-53   mm). Laterally spreading @entity5 was the most common type (75%), followed by the protruding type (25%). Procedure time was 61.95        41.90 minutes (range: 5-198 minutes). Complete en bloc resection was achieved for 85 lesions (78.7%). Perforation occurred in 22 @entity1 (20.4%). Multivariate analysis confirmed that @entity5 size [odds ratio (OR): 1.084; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.015-1.158; P   =   0.017] and the presence of @entity82 (OR: 4.551; 95%CI: 1.092-18.960; P   =   0.037) were independent risk factors for perforation. All cases of perforation were managed with nonsurgical treatment. Younger age and @entity490 appeared to be related to prolonged hospitalization. CONCLUSION: @entity5 size and @entity82 are important factors related to complications during colorectal @entity5848 . Younger age and development of @entity490 can predict the hospital course in @entity1 with perforation after @entity5848 .

title: Factors predictive of perforation during XXXX for the treatment of @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5848 :: ('MESH:D000784', 'Disease') :: ['ESD', 'endoscopic submucosal dissection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumor', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity5848 :: (MESH:D000784,Disease) :: ['endoscopic submucosal dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although perforation of the colon is known as one of the main complications of @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) for @entity14 management, factors predictive of perforation have not been fully evaluated. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with perforation during colorectal @entity5848 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity14 undergoing @entity5848 were enrolled and their records were reviewed retrospectively. Age, sex, co-morbidity, medication history, procedure time, resection method, @entity5 size, location, gross morphology, the presence of @entity82 , and histologic findings were included as possible risk factors. In the cases where perforation had occurred, factors associated with the duration of hospitalization were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred eight lesions in 108 @entity1 were eligible for inclusion in the study (68 @entity1 were male; mean @entity1 age was 63.01        10.71 years). Mean @entity5 size was 27.59        10.10   mm (range: 8-53   mm). Laterally spreading @entity5 was the most common type (75%), followed by the protruding type (25%). Procedure time was 61.95        41.90 minutes (range: 5-198 minutes). Complete en bloc resection was achieved for 85 lesions (78.7%). Perforation occurred in 22 @entity1 (20.4%). Multivariate analysis confirmed that @entity5 size [odds ratio (OR): 1.084; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.015-1.158; P   =   0.017] and the presence of @entity82 (OR: 4.551; 95%CI: 1.092-18.960; P   =   0.037) were independent risk factors for perforation. All cases of perforation were managed with nonsurgical treatment. Younger age and @entity490 appeared to be related to prolonged hospitalization. CONCLUSION: @entity5 size and @entity82 are important factors related to complications during colorectal @entity5848 . Younger age and development of @entity490 can predict the hospital course in @entity1 with perforation after @entity5848 .

title: Factors predictive of perforation during @entity5848 for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: Although @entity296 ( @entity296 ) is a common @entity301 , its cardiovascular consequences are still disputed. A positive link between @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) and @entity296 has not yet been definitively proved, even though many case reports and small scale studies support this association. For @entity296 to be associated with @entity1164 it must exhibit certain specific characteristics involving coronary or myocardial changes sufficient to explain a terminal cardiac event. In this study we aimed to analyze the morphological changes (both myocardial and coronary) associated with hemodynamically significant @entity296 and the morphological differences between hemodynamically significant @entity296 and @entity296 considered to be non-hemodynamically significant. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We analyzed 53 cases of @entity1164 , of which 21 cases had hemodynamically significant @entity296 , 14 had non-hemodynamically significant @entity296 and 20 cases suffered @entity1164 without @entity296 , using a morphological score with seven histological parameters. RESULTS: @entity296 and @entity4 were found to be highly correlated with hemodynamically significant @entity296 (HSMB), as were @entity4 and @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamically significant @entity296 can be discovered during heart dissection by analyzing a series of morphological markers (width, distribution of @entity731 , @entity509 ). Our study showed that @entity296 was associated with @entity296 and @entity4 , both of which have an increased risk of electrical instability. Compared to non-hemodynamically significant @entity296 , HSMB shows a distinct histological pattern, with @entity296 and @entity4 . The main cause of @entity1164 in association with HSMB seems to be electrical due to increased electrical myocardial heterogeneity, but large scale studies are needed to test this.

title: Morphological changes associated with hemodynamically significant myocardial bridges in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['increased myocardial fibrosis', 'myocardial bridging', 'Myocardial fibrosis', 'MB']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary anomaly']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['distal hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate abnormalities in visual scanning when @entity191 @entity1 view images of varying complexity. Eighteen nondemented @entity191 @entity1 and 18 normal subjects participated in the study. The ocular fixation position during viewing visual images was recorded using an eye-tracking device. The number of saccades, duration of fixation, amplitude of saccades, and scanned area in @entity191 @entity1 were compared with those in normal subjects. We also investigated whether the number of saccades, duration of fixation, or amplitude of saccades influenced the scanned area. While scanning images of varying complexity, @entity191 @entity1 made fewer saccades with smaller amplitude and longer fixation compared with normal subjects. As image complexity increased, the number of saccades and duration of fixation gradually approached those of normal subjects. Nevertheless, the scanned area in @entity191 @entity1 was consistently smaller than that in normal subjects. The scanned area significantly correlated with saccade amplitude in most images. Importantly, although @entity191 @entity1 cannot make frequent saccades when viewing simple figures, they can increase the saccade number and reduce their fixation duration when viewing more complex figures, making use of the abundant visual cues in such figures, suggesting the existence of ocular kinesie paradoxale. Nevertheless, both the saccade amplitude and the scanned area were consistently smaller than those of normal subjects for all levels of @entity227 . This indicates that small saccade amplitude is the main cause of @entity227 in @entity191 @entity1 .

title: Small saccades restrict visual scanning area in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired visual scanning', 'visual complexity']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: @entity354 is considered a risk factor for recurrent or persistent upper and lower respiratory tract conditions including @entity565 , chronic cough, @entity1244 , @entity7552 , @entity2171 and paroxysmal @entity8822 . Fifty-one subjects with recurrent (more than three) episodes of @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ), @entity2171 or @entity1244 who had been admitted to an earnose- throat (ENT) outpatient clinic during the previous year were enrolled in the present study to evaluate the presence of laryngeal and/or esophageal reflux. The @entity1 , who were randomly selected, were questioned about symptoms of reflux, including @entity391 , @entity490 , @entity177 to thrive, @entity7868 , bitter taste in the mouth, chronic cough, heartburn, @entity1142 and hoarseness. All subjects had an endoscopic examination, an otoscopic examination, a tympanogram and upper GI system endoscopy. @entity2910 was diagnosed endoscopically and histologically. The likelihood of occurrence of @entity2910 was found to be higher only among subjects with postglottic @entity4 /erythema as determined by pathological laryngeal examination. The @entity354 reported did not predict the development of @entity2910 , but the odds of @entity2910 occurring were ninefold greater among subjects with recurrent @entity2346 . Of the subjects, 45.1% were @entity1534 -positive. However, no association was found between @entity2910 and @entity1534 positivity. The likelihood of the occurrence of @entity2910 was found to be increased in the presence of recurrent @entity2172 and/or postglottic @entity4 , irrespective of the presence of reflux symptoms. We concluded that, in contrast to the situation where adults are concerned, the boundaries for discriminating laryngopharyngeal reflux from @entity354 are somewhat blurred in pediatric @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of the likelihood of reflux developing in @entity1 with recurrent XXXX , recurrent @entity1244 or recurrent @entity2346 seen in ear-nose-throat outpatient clinics.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity7868 :: ('MESH:D006209', 'Disease') :: ['halitosis']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis', 'Esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['URTI', 'upper respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux complaints', 'gastroesophageal reflux', 'Gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['serous otitis']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['upper respiratory infections']


abstract: @entity354 is considered a risk factor for recurrent or persistent upper and lower respiratory tract conditions including @entity565 , chronic cough, @entity1244 , @entity7552 , @entity2171 and paroxysmal @entity8822 . Fifty-one subjects with recurrent (more than three) episodes of @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ), @entity2171 or @entity1244 who had been admitted to an earnose- throat (ENT) outpatient clinic during the previous year were enrolled in the present study to evaluate the presence of laryngeal and/or esophageal reflux. The @entity1 , who were randomly selected, were questioned about symptoms of reflux, including @entity391 , @entity490 , @entity177 to thrive, @entity7868 , bitter taste in the mouth, chronic cough, heartburn, @entity1142 and hoarseness. All subjects had an endoscopic examination, an otoscopic examination, a tympanogram and upper GI system endoscopy. @entity2910 was diagnosed endoscopically and histologically. The likelihood of occurrence of @entity2910 was found to be higher only among subjects with postglottic @entity4 /erythema as determined by pathological laryngeal examination. The @entity354 reported did not predict the development of @entity2910 , but the odds of @entity2910 occurring were ninefold greater among subjects with recurrent @entity2346 . Of the subjects, 45.1% were @entity1534 -positive. However, no association was found between @entity2910 and @entity1534 positivity. The likelihood of the occurrence of @entity2910 was found to be increased in the presence of recurrent @entity2172 and/or postglottic @entity4 , irrespective of the presence of reflux symptoms. We concluded that, in contrast to the situation where adults are concerned, the boundaries for discriminating laryngopharyngeal reflux from @entity354 are somewhat blurred in pediatric @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of the likelihood of reflux developing in @entity1 with recurrent @entity1729 , recurrent @entity1244 or recurrent XXXX seen in ear-nose-throat outpatient clinics.

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: @entity354 is considered a risk factor for recurrent or persistent upper and lower respiratory tract conditions including @entity565 , chronic cough, @entity1244 , @entity7552 , @entity2171 and paroxysmal @entity8822 . Fifty-one subjects with recurrent (more than three) episodes of @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ), @entity2171 or @entity1244 who had been admitted to an earnose- throat (ENT) outpatient clinic during the previous year were enrolled in the present study to evaluate the presence of laryngeal and/or esophageal reflux. The @entity1 , who were randomly selected, were questioned about symptoms of reflux, including @entity391 , @entity490 , @entity177 to thrive, @entity7868 , bitter taste in the mouth, chronic cough, heartburn, @entity1142 and hoarseness. All subjects had an endoscopic examination, an otoscopic examination, a tympanogram and upper GI system endoscopy. @entity2910 was diagnosed endoscopically and histologically. The likelihood of occurrence of @entity2910 was found to be higher only among subjects with postglottic @entity4 /erythema as determined by pathological laryngeal examination. The @entity354 reported did not predict the development of @entity2910 , but the odds of @entity2910 occurring were ninefold greater among subjects with recurrent @entity2346 . Of the subjects, 45.1% were @entity1534 -positive. However, no association was found between @entity2910 and @entity1534 positivity. The likelihood of the occurrence of @entity2910 was found to be increased in the presence of recurrent @entity2172 and/or postglottic @entity4 , irrespective of the presence of reflux symptoms. We concluded that, in contrast to the situation where adults are concerned, the boundaries for discriminating laryngopharyngeal reflux from @entity354 are somewhat blurred in pediatric @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of the likelihood of reflux developing in @entity1 with recurrent @entity1729 , recurrent XXXX or recurrent @entity2346 seen in ear-nose-throat outpatient clinics.

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: @entity354 is considered a risk factor for recurrent or persistent upper and lower respiratory tract conditions including @entity565 , chronic cough, @entity1244 , @entity7552 , @entity2171 and paroxysmal @entity8822 . Fifty-one subjects with recurrent (more than three) episodes of @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ), @entity2171 or @entity1244 who had been admitted to an earnose- throat (ENT) outpatient clinic during the previous year were enrolled in the present study to evaluate the presence of laryngeal and/or esophageal reflux. The @entity1 , who were randomly selected, were questioned about symptoms of reflux, including @entity391 , @entity490 , @entity177 to thrive, @entity7868 , bitter taste in the mouth, chronic cough, heartburn, @entity1142 and hoarseness. All subjects had an endoscopic examination, an otoscopic examination, a tympanogram and upper GI system endoscopy. @entity2910 was diagnosed endoscopically and histologically. The likelihood of occurrence of @entity2910 was found to be higher only among subjects with postglottic @entity4 /erythema as determined by pathological laryngeal examination. The @entity354 reported did not predict the development of @entity2910 , but the odds of @entity2910 occurring were ninefold greater among subjects with recurrent @entity2346 . Of the subjects, 45.1% were @entity1534 -positive. However, no association was found between @entity2910 and @entity1534 positivity. The likelihood of the occurrence of @entity2910 was found to be increased in the presence of recurrent @entity2172 and/or postglottic @entity4 , irrespective of the presence of reflux symptoms. We concluded that, in contrast to the situation where adults are concerned, the boundaries for discriminating laryngopharyngeal reflux from @entity354 are somewhat blurred in pediatric @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of the likelihood of reflux developing in XXXX with recurrent @entity1729 , recurrent @entity1244 or recurrent @entity2346 seen in ear-nose-throat outpatient clinics.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The progression of meiosis is controlled by a number of gene-expression systems in the @entity6739 @entity6739 . A forkhead-type transcription factor Mei4 activates a number of genes essential for progression from the middle to late stages of meiosis, which include @entity4523 , meiosis II and sporulation. The mei4-deletion mutant (mei4/\) arrests after meiotic prophase and does not enter @entity4523 . To further analyse the Mei4 function, we isolated novel temperature-sensitive mei4 alleles. The two alleles isolated in the initial screen turned out to contain a substitution at N136 in the forkhead DNA-binding domain. Among site-directed mutants that carried a point mutation at this position, the mei4- @entity72684 mutant showed the most severe temperature sensitivity. The mei4- @entity72684 mutant arrested before @entity4523 at the restrictive temperature, as did the mei4/\ mutant. In @entity6739 , the telomeres are clustered at the spindle pole body (SPB) in meiotic prophase and disperse from it at the onset of @entity4523 . The mei4/\ mutant was found to arrest with its telomeres clustered at the SPB, demonstrating a role for Mei4 in telomere dispersion. The mei4- @entity72684 mutant also arrested with clustered telomeres at the restrictive temperature, and the clustering was synchronously resolved after a temperature down-shift, indicating that mei4- @entity72684 is a reversible allele. Hence, the mei4- @entity72684 mutant will be a unique tool to synchronize the meiotic cell cycle from @entity4523 onwards and may facilitate analyses of cellular activities occurring during @entity4523 .

title: A novel XXXX mei4 mutant that allows efficient synchronization of telomere dispersal and the first meiotic division.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['fission yeast', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the comparative cost effectiveness of day care over inpatient management of @entity390 and @entity391 (NVP). STUDY DESIGN: A cost utility analysis was performed using a decision analytical model in which a Markov model was constructed. The Markov model was primarily populated with data from a recently published randomised controlled trial. Which included pregnant @entity1 presenting to Cork University Maternity Hospital, a tertiary referral maternity hospital, seeking treatment for NVP. Costs and outcomes were estimated from the perspective of the Irish health service (HSE) and @entity1 . A probabilistic sensitivity analysis, using a Monte Carlo simulation, was also performed. A Bayesian Value of Information analysis was used to estimate the value of collecting additional information. RESULTS: When both the healthcare provider and @entity1 's perspective was considered, day care management of NVP remained less costly (mean    985; 95% C.I. 705-1456 vs.    3837 (2124-8466)) and more effective (9.42; 4.19-12.25 vs. 9.49; 4.32-12.39 quality adjusted life years) compared with inpatient management. The Cost Effectiveness Acceptability Curve indicates the probability that day care management is 70% more cost effective compared to inpatient management at a ceiling ratio of    45,000 per QALY, indicating little decision uncertainty. The Bayesian Value of Information analysis indicates there is value in collecting further information; the Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI) is estimated to be    5.4 million. CONCLUSION: Day care management of NVP is cost effective compared to inpatient management.

title: Day care versus inpatient management of @entity390 and XXXX : cost utility analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting of pregnancy']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting of pregnancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the comparative cost effectiveness of day care over inpatient management of @entity390 and @entity391 (NVP). STUDY DESIGN: A cost utility analysis was performed using a decision analytical model in which a Markov model was constructed. The Markov model was primarily populated with data from a recently published randomised controlled trial. Which included pregnant @entity1 presenting to Cork University Maternity Hospital, a tertiary referral maternity hospital, seeking treatment for NVP. Costs and outcomes were estimated from the perspective of the Irish health service (HSE) and @entity1 . A probabilistic sensitivity analysis, using a Monte Carlo simulation, was also performed. A Bayesian Value of Information analysis was used to estimate the value of collecting additional information. RESULTS: When both the healthcare provider and @entity1 's perspective was considered, day care management of NVP remained less costly (mean    985; 95% C.I. 705-1456 vs.    3837 (2124-8466)) and more effective (9.42; 4.19-12.25 vs. 9.49; 4.32-12.39 quality adjusted life years) compared with inpatient management. The Cost Effectiveness Acceptability Curve indicates the probability that day care management is 70% more cost effective compared to inpatient management at a ceiling ratio of    45,000 per QALY, indicating little decision uncertainty. The Bayesian Value of Information analysis indicates there is value in collecting further information; the Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI) is estimated to be    5.4 million. CONCLUSION: Day care management of NVP is cost effective compared to inpatient management.

title: Day care versus inpatient management of XXXX and @entity391 : cost utility analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: @entity18391 is extremely rare among @entity5 . We herein report the case of a @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic extirpation of a @entity18391 . A 4-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with an @entity5 . Abdominal imaging revealed a fat density mass that was well encapsulated and measured 18   *   15   *   7.5   cm in size. Considering the MRI findings and movability of the @entity5 , we strongly suspected that the lesion was an omental @entity18391 . We initially decided to perform laparoscopic exploration and, if possible, extirpation of the solid @entity5 sequentially. A total of five trocars were used, and the @entity5 was found to originate from the omentum. We successfully performed complete resection of the @entity5 laparoscopically. A histological examination revealed @entity18391 . For large @entity5 in @entity1 , the laparoscopic approach is recommended as the first procedure when the @entity5 is preoperatively considered to be benign and resectable.

title: Successful laparoscopic extirpation of a XXXX in a @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal tumors', 'benign tumors', 'intra-abdominal solid tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'child']

entities_list: @entity18391 :: ('MESH:D062689', 'Disease') :: ['lipoblastoma', 'large omental lipoblastoma', 'Omental lipoblastoma']

answer: @entity18391 :: (MESH:D062689,Disease) :: ['large omental lipoblastoma']


abstract: @entity18391 is extremely rare among @entity5 . We herein report the case of a @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic extirpation of a @entity18391 . A 4-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with an @entity5 . Abdominal imaging revealed a fat density mass that was well encapsulated and measured 18   *   15   *   7.5   cm in size. Considering the MRI findings and movability of the @entity5 , we strongly suspected that the lesion was an omental @entity18391 . We initially decided to perform laparoscopic exploration and, if possible, extirpation of the solid @entity5 sequentially. A total of five trocars were used, and the @entity5 was found to originate from the omentum. We successfully performed complete resection of the @entity5 laparoscopically. A histological examination revealed @entity18391 . For large @entity5 in @entity1 , the laparoscopic approach is recommended as the first procedure when the @entity5 is preoperatively considered to be benign and resectable.

title: Successful laparoscopic extirpation of a @entity18391 in a XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: AIM: It is recognized that higher surgeon volume is associated with improved survival in @entity14 . However, there is a paucity of national studies that have evaluated the relationship between surgical specialization and survival. METHOD: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare @entity5 registry to examine the association between @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) between 2001 and 2009. 21,432 colon and 5,893 @entity5 @entity1 who underwent elective surgical resection between 2001 and 2009 were evaluated. Uni- and multivariate analysis Cox survival analysis was used to identify the association between surgical specialization and @entity5 -specific survival. RESULTS: Colorectal specialists performed 16.3% of the colon and 27% of the rectal resections. On univariate analysis, specialization was associated with improved survival in stage II and @entity5 and @entity5 . In multivariate analysis, however, @entity14 was associated with significantly improved @entity66 in only @entity5 (HR 0.70, p=0.03). @entity14 was not significantly associated with @entity66 in either Stage I (colon HR 1.14, p=0.39; rectal HR 0.1.26, p=.23) or Stage III (colon HR 1.06, p=0.52; rectal HR 1.08, p=.55) disease. When analysis was limited to high-volume surgeons only, the relationship between @entity14 and @entity66 was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Colorectal specialization is associated with improved disease specific survival following resection of @entity5 . A combination of factors may contribute to long-term survival in these @entity1 , including appropriate surgical technique, multidisciplinary treatment decisions, and guideline-adherent surveillance. Colorectal specialization likely contributes positively to these factors resulting in improved survival. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Colorectal specialization and survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II rectal cancer', 'stage III colon cancer', 'stage II rectal cancer', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'colorectal specialization', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Despite the availability of an efficient screening protocol review, @entity694 is a leading health problem of the world population. At the time of diagnosis about 25% of cases have distant @entity3 . Distant @entity3 are most frequently @entity3 in the liver, lungs, brain, but they are rare in the bones. An early diagnosis of secondary deposits in the bones of the hand can be very difficult. The symptoms are subclinical or similar to other @entity79 . They appear in the advanced disease, and treatment is palliative. The treatment (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery) is determined according to the general condition of the @entity1 and the localization of the lesion. Radiotherapy can reduce @entity5 mass and reduce @entity158 especially among @entity1 with @entity75 or inoperable ones. The aim of this paper was to: (1) present a case of secondary deposits of @entity694 in the hand bones, (2) present the incidence, (3) give differential diagnoses and (4) describe the air treatment by unconventional regime of fractionation. The approach to the treatment of metastatic hands must be multi-disciplinary including an orthopedist, radiologist, oncologist and pathologist. It is important to know the importance of early recognition of these lesions.

title: Osteolysis of hand bones due to metastatic deposits from XXXX --a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone diseases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the colon', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Lower respiratory tract and systemic cell-mediated immunity have been studied in @entity95 after infection with @entity5125 or @entity328 . Respiratory tract cell-mediated immunity was evaluated by direct and indirect assays of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) production. Systemic delayed @entity56 was determined by means of intradermal testing with appropriate antigens. Aerosol exposure to listeria was followed by markedly increased numbers of free lower respiratory tract cells. These cells manifested antigen-stimulated inhibition of migration (mean inhibition of migration = 30.4%). @entity2258 was associated with similar but less dramatic changes. Intravenous administration of organisms was uncommonly followed by inhibition of lower respiratory tract cells in direct migration assays. Fractionated MIF, as well as crude supernates of antigen-stimulated lower respiratory tract and lymph node lymphocytes from animals exposed to listeria aerosols, caused inhibition of normal alveolar macrophage migration. MIF, produced by lymph node lymphocytes, has a molecular weight of approximately 65,000 and is inactivated by chymotrypsin or neuraminidase. Delayed dermal @entity56 to listeria antigen was observed in 54 of 55 animals exposed to listeria aerosols and in all 9 animals infected by the intravenous route. Delayed dermal reactions to pneumococcal sonicate antigen (but not capsular polysaccharide) followed @entity328 @entity1729 in 19 of 28 animals, and was elicited in 5 of 6 animals after intravenous infection. Both local (macrophage migration inhibition) and systemic delayed @entity56 followed @entity2348 of the lower respiratory tract. MIF activity was shown to be one mechanism for inhibition of alveolar macrophage migration.

title: Cell-mediated immunity after XXXX of the lower respiratory tract.

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Diplococcus pneumoniae', 'D. pneumoniae']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial infection']


abstract: Antisense therapy involves the use of antisense oligonucleotides for altering targeted gene function. However, the low efficiency of cell delivery of antisense oligonucleotides has limited the efficacy of antisense therapeutic approaches. RNA-based antisense or ribozyme oligonucleotides can be either synthesized endogenously (e.g., by a viral vector) or delivered exogenously. However, there is presently no vector delivery system available for DNA-based oligonucleotides. Recently, a novel ssDNA expression vector that can generate intracellularly any ssDNA molecule, such as antisense oligonucleotide or DNA enzyme, has been developed in our laboratory. Here we describe an improved expression vector based on the first-generation two-vector system. To test this new expression vector, we chose to express a single-stranded "10-23" DNA enzyme targeting @entity10242 mRNA in the @entity1 @entity2 A549 cell line. After introduction into cells by transient transfection, @entity10242 -cleaving DNA enzymes produced by this expression vector can significantly suppress the expression of @entity10242 mRNA. Furthermore, the expressed @entity10242 DNA enzymes induced cell apoptosis, as indicated by genomic DNA fragmentation assay. Our study further demonstrates the feasibility of using this novel ssDNA expression technology to produce intracellularly any sequence of interest, including antisense oligonucleotides and DNA enzyme molecules.

title: Expression of ssDNA in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Finger length ratio has been proposed as a putative marker for prenatal hormone exposure, as well as the action of HOX, AR, and a variant of the @entity33338 genes. These genes have been recently connected to @entity105 and digit ratio could help to identify @entity1 with this predisposition. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible correlations between digit ratio, @entity957 ( @entity957 )-the most common @entity5 -and @entity75 ( @entity75 ) in @entity286 -consuming males, the main risk group for this disease. METHODS: Digital images of the right hands of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity957 (n = 25), @entity75 (n = 25), and age-matched controls (n = 25) were obtained. Fingers were measured using Adobe Photoshop and the mean ratios between the 2nd and 4th digits were compared. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (a = 0.05). RESULTS: Risk factors ( @entity167 and @entity286 consumption, familial history) were similar between the three study groups. Males in the @entity957 group presented significantly higher digit ratio (P = 0.03) in comparison with males with @entity75 and individuals without @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, males with the higher digit ratio seem to be more prone to undergo malignization of lesions in the oral cavity. Similar deleterious habits for the three groups allows us to infer that digit ratio could add to the research of etiological factors and be a putative marker for the screening of @entity1 ' susceptibility to develop @entity957 .

title: Right hand digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['oral premalignant lesions', 'OPLs', 'oral lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The TVT system has revolutionized the management of female stress @entity322 (SUI). Less favourable results have been observed in @entity1 with @entity322 associated with a low maximum urethral closing pressure (MUCP). The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of TVT in this situation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From October 1999 to June 2001, 22 @entity1 between the ages of 53 and 84 years (median: 66.7 years) were operated for SUI with an MUCP < 25 cm @entity2507 (mean: 17.6 cm @entity2507 , range: 6 to 22 cm @entity2507 ) present for more than 8 months (range: 8 to 48 months). Three @entity1 also had associated urgency. The Ulmstem manoeuvre was positive in every case and the Bonney manoeuvre was positive in 19 @entity1 . Insertion of TVT was associated with sacral colpopexy in two @entity1 . Success of treatment was defined by complete absence of @entity322 and @entity74 after the operation. RESULTS: One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. The median follow-up was 7.5 months (range: 3 to 27 months). The mean duration of bladder catheterization was 1.3 days (range: 1 to 5 days). Fifteen @entity1 were completely cured by TVT (71.4%). In these cases, uroflowmetry and post-voiding volume were not affected by the operation. Treatment was ineffective in 6 @entity1 (4 cases of uncontrolled leaks, one case of de novo urge @entity322 , one case of @entity86 with a post-voiding residue of 120 ml). CONCLUSION: The TVT system appears to be an effective method for the treatment of most @entity1 with SUI associated with severe manometric @entity1690 . However, these favourable results need to be confirmed by a longer follow-up.

title: [Efficacy of suburethral TVT in cases of stress XXXX associated with severe sphincter insufficiency. Report of 22 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter incompetence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysuria']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['voiding disorders']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity571 is a @entity179 which induces intense trouble. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of the study was the parallel analysis of clinical and ultrasound examination in @entity1 diagnosed with knee @entity571 . A group of 88 @entity1 underwent the clinical examination and the outflow and size of flexion were determined, the intensity of @entity158 was assessed by the @entity1 's mark on VAS, the functional ability by HAQ index, and the size of effusion and @entity603 by arthrosonography. RESULTS: The minimal outflow was diagnosed in 34.1% of @entity1 , medium in 22.7%, and significant in 4.5%. @entity603 was evident in 67% of @entity1 , 17.0% had nodular, 30.7% diffuse and 19.3% nodular-diffuse type. Effusion was observed in 75% of @entity1 . The average size of @entity603 in suprapatellar recess (SR) in the @entity1 with significant, medium and lateral outflow was 6.68 (2.93-10.04) mm (p = 0.000), 1.57 (0-5.53) mm (p = 0.006) and 6.18 (3.44-7.10) mm (p = 0.000), respectively. The grade of @entity158 on VAS was the highest in @entity1 with significant outflow 70 (60-95) (p = 0.014), effusion 60 (50-80) (p = 0.024) and nodular type of @entity603 70 (50-90) (p = 0.029). There was a significant correlation on VAS in the positive direction with the size of effusion (r = 0.238, p = 0.025) and @entity603 in LR (r = 0.215, p = 0.044), HAQ index (r = 0.502, p = 0.000), and in the negative direction with the size of flexion (r = -0.346, p = 0.001). The average size of flexion in the @entity1 with significant outflow was 90 (82.5-90) degrees (p = 0.000), HAQ index 1.99 (1.49-2.30) (p = 0.078). HAQ index depended on effusion in LR in the positive direction (p = 0.014). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Clinically significant outflow is shown by arthrosonography as the biggest in SR, moderate and minimal only in LR. Moderate or significant outflow, effusion and nodular type of @entity603 lead to intensive @entity158 . @entity1 with bigger functional disability had intense @entity158 , significant outflow in LR and significantly limited motions.

title: [Inflammation in knee XXXX --cause of aggravation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis', 'Knee osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis', 'Synovitis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthrosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A lot of studies have dealt with the oxidative stress in @entity358 , and some of them with @entity378 as well. The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant enzyme level ( @entity224 dismutase, @entity2041 peroxidase, @entity2196 ) and the lipid peroxidation products in @entity1 with @entity378 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity378 were included in the study. The examined parameters were measured before and three weeks after the beginning of the antituberculosis treatment (group I). The control group included 40 healthy @entity1 (group II). RESULTS: The @entity224 dismutase level was significantly lower in group I in both measurements (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01) in relation to group II, but there were no significant changes in its level during the therapy. During the treatment, the glutation peroxidase level significantly increased (p < 0.05), and in relation to group II, its level was significantly lower in both measurements in group I (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). The @entity2196 level significantly increased during the treatment, but there was no significant difference in relation to group II level. There was no significant difference in relation to the lipid peroxidase products between the groups. DISCUSSION: Our study group had reduced antioxidant enzyme level and some of them showed significant improvement during the treatment. The lipid peroxidase product level was stable. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity378 the antioxidative status is lower and its level and possible development of the oxidative stress depend on the disease severity.

title: [Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products in XXXX with pulmonary tuberculosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To assess the contribution of blue-green pigments of @entity796 to hemolytic activity of its cultural fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Eight hospital strains and reference strain ATCC 15442 were used. Growth dynamics of strains as well as features of accumulation of hemolytic and phospholipase activity were studied. Purified samples of @entity28907 and @entity24206 were extracted by gel-chromatography and chloroform extraction methods. Hemolytic and lecitinase activities of the samples as well as effect of active @entity26 scavengers and chelating agents on these activities were studied. RESULTS: Dynamics of accumulation of hemolytic activity significantly differed from that of phospholipase activity when strains were grown in liquid medium. Chromatographic separation of the pigments from cultural fluid supernatants sharply reduced its hemolytic activity. Purified samples of @entity28907 and @entity24206 were capable to lyse erythrocytes and @entity1573 egg lecitin. These characteristics of the pigments were inhibited by @entity2387 and sensitive to chelating agents. Conclusion. @entity28907 and @entity24206 of pathogenic strains of @entity796 are capable to lyse erythrocytes and suspension of purified @entity1573 egg lecitin, they contribute to total hemolytic activity of pathogenic strains of @entity796 , which is not determined only by phospholipase C produced by microorganism. Lytic activity of the pigments is blocked by @entity2387 and susceptible to some chelating agents. Apparently, this activity is mediated by @entity224 radical and determined by presence of metals with transient valence in pigments' molecules.

title: [Contribution of blue-green pigments to hemolytic activity of XXXX cultural fluid].

entities_list: @entity24206 :: ('MESH:D011710', 'Chemical') :: ['pyocyanin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity2387 :: ('MESH:D009580', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroblue tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity28907 :: ('MESH:C042453', 'Chemical') :: ['pyoverdin', 'Pyoverdin']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: In vivo and in vitro responsiveness to gonadotropin releasing hormone ( @entity1176 ) was studied in the turtle, @entity29551 , after manipulation of reproductive condition by temperature: Warm temperatures (28 degrees) induced testicular growth and ovarian regression compared to cold (17 degrees) treatment. Only males (and primarily from cold treatment) responded to @entity1176 injection (40 micrograms/100 g body wt intracardiac); correlated increases occurred in plasma LH and @entity251 . Effects of @entity1176 (10 and 100 ng/ml) on LH and FSH secretion by hemipituitaries were studied in a superfusion system; tissues responded to between 0.1 and 1 ng/ml @entity1176 . Sex differences were evident in both acute and chronic effects of @entity1176 . Although both groups of females had significantly (sixfold) higher pituitary LH content, basal secretion rates of gonadotropins were similar, and LH and FSH secretion in males was more responsive to @entity1176 . Gonadotropin secretion rates by male glands showed high initial increments (approx four- to sevenfold) followed by an attenuation (especially LH) during 5 hr of @entity1176 superfusion. In contrast, tissues from warm-treated females showed a smaller initial response (approx twofold) followed by a progressive increase in output over time, and glands from cold-treated females did not respond to @entity1176 . Total LH secretion by superfused male hemiglands represented almost half the total LH recovered (secreted + stored); whereas, females secreted only 5% ("cold-treated") or 10% ("warm-treated") of total LH. Thus, the capacity of the pituitary to respond to @entity1176 is influenced by both sex and reproductive condition in the turtle. Secretion of both FSH and LH were similarly stimulated by @entity1176 , but thyrotropin (TSH) secretion was independent of @entity1176 .

title: In vivo and in vitro responses to gonadotropin releasing hormone in the turtle, XXXX , in relation to sex and reproductive stage.

entities_list: @entity29551 :: ('8479', 'Species') :: ['Chrysemys picta']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity29551 :: (8479,Species) :: ['Chrysemys picta']


abstract: A clinical evaluation of 10 @entity1 with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) was performed by using an acoustic analysis soft (SoundScope, GW Instruments Inc) before and on 4 weeks of treatment of @entity61156 (TH). A rapid repetitive monosyllable/ka/was recorded as the samples were analyzed in a computer. The repetition period (ms) and the maximum intensity (volt) was measured from the sound spectrogram and the amplitude envelope for each speech wave. Three acoustic parameters, which were mean of period (ms) (m-P), coefficient of variation of period (%) (CV-P), and coefficient of variation of amplitude (%) (CV-A), were calculated according to Ishida's acoustic analysis method. The average age in this study group was 52.4 +/- 11.4 years (32-73 years), the mean scores of @entity2055 ( @entity2055 ) was 35.0 +/- 18.6. Significant correlation was shown between CV-A and @entity2055 scores before therapy (p < 0.05). CV-P was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 10.9 +/- 0.12% to 9.2 +/- 0.26% after TH, and its degree of decrement correlated with @entity2055 scores (p < 0.05), which means a greater effect of TH is expected in @entity1 with milder symptoms. @entity2055 scores did not change with a statistical significance. TH was shown to be effective on the ataxic speech of @entity1 with @entity164 by quantitative methods. The acoustic analysis used in this study is a sensitive and objective evaluation method for following up the clinical severity of @entity164 and judging effectiveness of a drug.

title: [A quantitative evaluation of spinocerebellar degeneration by an acoustic analysis--the effect of @entity61156 on @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity61156 :: ('MESH:C065049', 'Chemical') :: ['taltirelin hydrate']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['MJD', 'Machado-Joseph disease']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale', 'ICARS']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Machado-Joseph disease']


abstract: A clinical evaluation of 10 @entity1 with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) was performed by using an acoustic analysis soft (SoundScope, GW Instruments Inc) before and on 4 weeks of treatment of @entity61156 (TH). A rapid repetitive monosyllable/ka/was recorded as the samples were analyzed in a computer. The repetition period (ms) and the maximum intensity (volt) was measured from the sound spectrogram and the amplitude envelope for each speech wave. Three acoustic parameters, which were mean of period (ms) (m-P), coefficient of variation of period (%) (CV-P), and coefficient of variation of amplitude (%) (CV-A), were calculated according to Ishida's acoustic analysis method. The average age in this study group was 52.4 +/- 11.4 years (32-73 years), the mean scores of @entity2055 ( @entity2055 ) was 35.0 +/- 18.6. Significant correlation was shown between CV-A and @entity2055 scores before therapy (p < 0.05). CV-P was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 10.9 +/- 0.12% to 9.2 +/- 0.26% after TH, and its degree of decrement correlated with @entity2055 scores (p < 0.05), which means a greater effect of TH is expected in @entity1 with milder symptoms. @entity2055 scores did not change with a statistical significance. TH was shown to be effective on the ataxic speech of @entity1 with @entity164 by quantitative methods. The acoustic analysis used in this study is a sensitive and objective evaluation method for following up the clinical severity of @entity164 and judging effectiveness of a drug.

title: [A quantitative evaluation of spinocerebellar degeneration by an acoustic analysis--the effect of XXXX on @entity1 with @entity164 ].

answer: @entity61156 :: (MESH:C065049,Chemical) :: ['taltirelin hydrate']


abstract: A clinical evaluation of 10 @entity1 with @entity164 ( @entity164 ) was performed by using an acoustic analysis soft (SoundScope, GW Instruments Inc) before and on 4 weeks of treatment of @entity61156 (TH). A rapid repetitive monosyllable/ka/was recorded as the samples were analyzed in a computer. The repetition period (ms) and the maximum intensity (volt) was measured from the sound spectrogram and the amplitude envelope for each speech wave. Three acoustic parameters, which were mean of period (ms) (m-P), coefficient of variation of period (%) (CV-P), and coefficient of variation of amplitude (%) (CV-A), were calculated according to Ishida's acoustic analysis method. The average age in this study group was 52.4 +/- 11.4 years (32-73 years), the mean scores of @entity2055 ( @entity2055 ) was 35.0 +/- 18.6. Significant correlation was shown between CV-A and @entity2055 scores before therapy (p < 0.05). CV-P was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 10.9 +/- 0.12% to 9.2 +/- 0.26% after TH, and its degree of decrement correlated with @entity2055 scores (p < 0.05), which means a greater effect of TH is expected in @entity1 with milder symptoms. @entity2055 scores did not change with a statistical significance. TH was shown to be effective on the ataxic speech of @entity1 with @entity164 by quantitative methods. The acoustic analysis used in this study is a sensitive and objective evaluation method for following up the clinical severity of @entity164 and judging effectiveness of a drug.

title: [A quantitative evaluation of spinocerebellar degeneration by an acoustic analysis--the effect of @entity61156 on XXXX with @entity164 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity1 @entity688 -treated dendritic cells (DC) induce an antigen-specific anergy in @entity404 + T lymphocytes. These anergic T cells are characterized by an inhibited proliferation, a reduced production of @entity1199 , and additionally display antigen-specific suppressor activity. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anergic state and regulatory function of these T cells. We did not observe enhanced rates of programmed cell death of anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells compared to T cells stimulated with mature DC. Cell cycle analysis by DNA staining and Western blot experiments revealed an arrest of anergic @entity404 + T suppressor cells in the G1 phase. High levels of the @entity1199 -dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor @entity13525 were found in anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells resulting in an inhibited activation of @entity995 protein and an arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. Addition of @entity1199 , but not blocking of the @entity4386 pathway restored the proliferation of the suppressor T cells. In contrast, both treatments induced a down-regulation of @entity13525 and acomplete inhibition of the antigen-specific regulatory function as demonstrated by high proliferation and enhanced @entity379 production of co-cultured T cells. Further experiments demonstrated that p27Kip-expressing regulatory @entity404 +CD25+ T cells did not contribute to induction of T cell anergy in this model. Our data show that regulatory function of anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells is associated with an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle mediated by increased levels of the @entity1199 and @entity4386 -dependent cdk inhibitor @entity13525 .

title: Suppressor activity of anergic T cells induced by XXXX -treated @entity1 dendritic cells: association with @entity1199 - and @entity4386 -dependent G1 arrest of the cell cycle regulated by @entity13525 .

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity1 @entity688 -treated dendritic cells (DC) induce an antigen-specific anergy in @entity404 + T lymphocytes. These anergic T cells are characterized by an inhibited proliferation, a reduced production of @entity1199 , and additionally display antigen-specific suppressor activity. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anergic state and regulatory function of these T cells. We did not observe enhanced rates of programmed cell death of anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells compared to T cells stimulated with mature DC. Cell cycle analysis by DNA staining and Western blot experiments revealed an arrest of anergic @entity404 + T suppressor cells in the G1 phase. High levels of the @entity1199 -dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor @entity13525 were found in anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells resulting in an inhibited activation of @entity995 protein and an arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. Addition of @entity1199 , but not blocking of the @entity4386 pathway restored the proliferation of the suppressor T cells. In contrast, both treatments induced a down-regulation of @entity13525 and acomplete inhibition of the antigen-specific regulatory function as demonstrated by high proliferation and enhanced @entity379 production of co-cultured T cells. Further experiments demonstrated that p27Kip-expressing regulatory @entity404 +CD25+ T cells did not contribute to induction of T cell anergy in this model. Our data show that regulatory function of anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells is associated with an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle mediated by increased levels of the @entity1199 and @entity4386 -dependent cdk inhibitor @entity13525 .

title: Suppressor activity of anergic T cells induced by @entity688 -treated @entity1 dendritic cells: association with @entity1199 - and @entity4386 -dependent G1 arrest of the cell cycle regulated by XXXX .

answer: @entity13525 :: (1027,Gene) :: ['p27Kip1']


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity1 @entity688 -treated dendritic cells (DC) induce an antigen-specific anergy in @entity404 + T lymphocytes. These anergic T cells are characterized by an inhibited proliferation, a reduced production of @entity1199 , and additionally display antigen-specific suppressor activity. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anergic state and regulatory function of these T cells. We did not observe enhanced rates of programmed cell death of anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells compared to T cells stimulated with mature DC. Cell cycle analysis by DNA staining and Western blot experiments revealed an arrest of anergic @entity404 + T suppressor cells in the G1 phase. High levels of the @entity1199 -dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor @entity13525 were found in anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells resulting in an inhibited activation of @entity995 protein and an arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. Addition of @entity1199 , but not blocking of the @entity4386 pathway restored the proliferation of the suppressor T cells. In contrast, both treatments induced a down-regulation of @entity13525 and acomplete inhibition of the antigen-specific regulatory function as demonstrated by high proliferation and enhanced @entity379 production of co-cultured T cells. Further experiments demonstrated that p27Kip-expressing regulatory @entity404 +CD25+ T cells did not contribute to induction of T cell anergy in this model. Our data show that regulatory function of anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells is associated with an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle mediated by increased levels of the @entity1199 and @entity4386 -dependent cdk inhibitor @entity13525 .

title: Suppressor activity of anergic T cells induced by @entity688 -treated @entity1 dendritic cells: association with @entity1199 - and XXXX -dependent G1 arrest of the cell cycle regulated by @entity13525 .

answer: @entity4386 :: (1493,Gene) :: ['CTLA-4']


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity1 @entity688 -treated dendritic cells (DC) induce an antigen-specific anergy in @entity404 + T lymphocytes. These anergic T cells are characterized by an inhibited proliferation, a reduced production of @entity1199 , and additionally display antigen-specific suppressor activity. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anergic state and regulatory function of these T cells. We did not observe enhanced rates of programmed cell death of anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells compared to T cells stimulated with mature DC. Cell cycle analysis by DNA staining and Western blot experiments revealed an arrest of anergic @entity404 + T suppressor cells in the G1 phase. High levels of the @entity1199 -dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor @entity13525 were found in anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells resulting in an inhibited activation of @entity995 protein and an arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. Addition of @entity1199 , but not blocking of the @entity4386 pathway restored the proliferation of the suppressor T cells. In contrast, both treatments induced a down-regulation of @entity13525 and acomplete inhibition of the antigen-specific regulatory function as demonstrated by high proliferation and enhanced @entity379 production of co-cultured T cells. Further experiments demonstrated that p27Kip-expressing regulatory @entity404 +CD25+ T cells did not contribute to induction of T cell anergy in this model. Our data show that regulatory function of anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells is associated with an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle mediated by increased levels of the @entity1199 and @entity4386 -dependent cdk inhibitor @entity13525 .

title: Suppressor activity of anergic T cells induced by @entity688 -treated @entity1 dendritic cells: association with XXXX - and @entity4386 -dependent G1 arrest of the cell cycle regulated by @entity13525 .

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity1 @entity688 -treated dendritic cells (DC) induce an antigen-specific anergy in @entity404 + T lymphocytes. These anergic T cells are characterized by an inhibited proliferation, a reduced production of @entity1199 , and additionally display antigen-specific suppressor activity. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anergic state and regulatory function of these T cells. We did not observe enhanced rates of programmed cell death of anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells compared to T cells stimulated with mature DC. Cell cycle analysis by DNA staining and Western blot experiments revealed an arrest of anergic @entity404 + T suppressor cells in the G1 phase. High levels of the @entity1199 -dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor @entity13525 were found in anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells resulting in an inhibited activation of @entity995 protein and an arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. Addition of @entity1199 , but not blocking of the @entity4386 pathway restored the proliferation of the suppressor T cells. In contrast, both treatments induced a down-regulation of @entity13525 and acomplete inhibition of the antigen-specific regulatory function as demonstrated by high proliferation and enhanced @entity379 production of co-cultured T cells. Further experiments demonstrated that p27Kip-expressing regulatory @entity404 +CD25+ T cells did not contribute to induction of T cell anergy in this model. Our data show that regulatory function of anergic @entity404 + suppressor T cells is associated with an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle mediated by increased levels of the @entity1199 and @entity4386 -dependent cdk inhibitor @entity13525 .

title: Suppressor activity of anergic T cells induced by @entity688 -treated XXXX dendritic cells: association with @entity1199 - and @entity4386 -dependent G1 arrest of the cell cycle regulated by @entity13525 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the etiological agents of infections of the urinary tract and of the map of the antimicrobial sensitivity of each geographic zone is a practice recommended for improving the use of antibiotics and for facilitating the choice of empirical treatment. The aim of this study is to provide up-to-date information on the pathogen flora of outpatients @entity293 in our health area and their sensitivity to antimicrobials, based on the urinary cultivations carried out in the Microbiology laboratory of the Solchaga Outpatient Surgery during the last four years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 1999, we carried out 92,816 urinary cultivations of outpatients. The urine specimens were sown on plaques with @entity6353 agar and MacKonkey agar with calibrated loop. The antibiogram was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS: The percentage of positive urinary cultivations was 17%. Gram-negative bacilli represented 88.9% of the isolations, Gram-positive cocci 11% and @entity375 0.1%. @entity526 was the most frequently isolated germ (71%). The sensitivity studies show that @entity115 - @entity798 , first generation @entity2886 and @entity8912 maintain a sensitivity above 80%. CONCLUSIONS: Up-to-date knowledge of the most common pathogen flora and their sensitivity to antimicrobials makes it possible for a more suitable selection to be made of the antibiotic treatment when the sensitivity pattern of the responsible germ is unavailable. In the light of the results we can conclude that @entity115 - @entity798 , first generation @entity2886 and @entity8912 show a good activity in vitro, and should be considered as empirical treatments for infections of the urinary tract.

title: [Aetiology and bacterial resistance in XXXX of outpatients].

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity8912 :: ('MESH:D005578', 'Chemical') :: ['fosfomycin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the in vitro effects of selected growth factors on fibrochondrogenesis by synovial membrane cells from nonosteoarthritic (normal) and @entity2720 of @entity235 . ANIMALS: 5 @entity235 with secondary @entity571 of @entity26906 or stifle joints and 6 @entity235 with normal joints. PROCEDURES: Synovial membrane cells were harvested from normal and @entity2720 and cultured in monolayer with or without (control) basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-b1, and insulin-like growth factor-1. In the cultured cells, fibrochondrogenesis was measured by use of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay to determine relative expressions of collagen I, collagen II, and aggrecan genes and of 3 genes involved in embryonic chondrogenesis: @entity58917 ( @entity58917 ), frizzled-motif associated with bone development ( @entity72685 ), and @entity72686 ( @entity72686 ). Tissue collagen content was measured via a @entity720 assay, and @entity19159 content was measured via a @entity21180 assay. Cellularity was determined via a double-stranded DNA assay. Immunohistochemical analysis for collagens I and II was also performed. RESULTS: In vitro collagen synthesis was enhanced by growth factor stimulation. Although @entity2720 could undergo a fibrocartilage-like phenotypic shift, their production of collagenous extracellular matrix was less than that of normal-joint synoviocytes. Gene expressions of @entity58917 and @entity72686 were highest in the @entity2720 ; @entity72685 expression was highest in growth factor treated cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Autogenous synovium may be a viable cell source for meniscal tissue engineering. Gene expressions of @entity58917 and @entity72686 may be potential future targets for in vitro enhancement of chondrogenesis.

title: Evaluation of in vitro growth factor treatments on fibrochondrogenesis by synovial membrane cells from osteoarthritic and nonosteoarthritic joints of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19159 :: ('MESH:C013786', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfated glycosaminoglycan']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity72686 :: ('477840(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['RGS-10', 'regulator of G-protein signaling-10']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritic-joint cells', 'osteoarthritic-joint synoviocytes', 'osteoarthritic joints']

entities_list: @entity21180 :: ('MESH:C016401', 'Chemical') :: ['1,9-dimethylmethylene blue']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: The most common primary @entity1313 in adults is @entity463 . These @entity5 are highly invasive and aggressive with a mean survival time of 15-18 months from diagnosis to @entity204 . Current treatment modalities are unable to significantly prolong survival in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity463 . As such, @entity11 is an attractive target for developing novel therapeutic approaches utilizing gene therapy. This review will examine the available preclinical models for @entity11 including xenographs, syngeneic and genetic models. Several promising therapeutic targets are currently being pursued in pre-clinical investigations. These targets will be reviewed by mechanism of action, i.e., conditional cytotoxic, targeted toxins, oncolytic viruses, @entity5 suppressors/oncogenes, and immune stimulatory approaches. Preclinical gene therapy paradigms aim to determine which strategies will provide rapid @entity5 regression and long-term protection from recurrence. While a wide range of potential targets are being investigated preclinically, only the most efficacious are further transitioned into clinical trial paradigms. Clinical trials reported to date are summarized including results from conditionally cytotoxic, targeted toxins, oncolytic viruses and oncogene targeting approaches. Clinical trial results have not been as robust as preclinical models predicted; this could be due to the limitations of the GBM models employed. Once this is addressed, and we develop effective gene therapies in models that better replicate the clinical scenario, gene therapy will provide a powerful approach to treat and manage @entity1313 .

title: Gene therapy and targeted toxins for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Skin @entity10631 are prevalent in @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ). In a large proportion of @entity1 , they manifest as presenting signs and serve as important factors for the early diagnosis of @entity1200 . Only a few studies describing the spectrum of @entity272 in @entity1200 are available. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of skin @entity10631 in @entity1 with @entity1200 . @entity1 were 128 pediatric @entity1 with @entity1200 (aged <16 years) registered prospectively over 6 years. Skin @entity10631 were observed in 61 @entity1 (48%), and those @entity10631 were the presenting features in 50 (39% of total @entity1200 and 82% of those with @entity272 ). @entity272 were the most prevalent @entity10631 , seen in 39 @entity1 (30%), followed by @entity484 in 24 (19%). @entity272 were significantly more prevalent in those with @entity154 in phagocyte number, function, or both, as well as in those with well-defined @entity465 . Although widely present in all @entity1 with @entity1200 , @entity484 was a consistent feature (100%) in @entity1 with @entity14783 and @entity17454 ( @entity17454 ). @entity5658 with @entity3067 was seen exclusively in @entity1 with severe @entity1200 , @entity8721 in @entity1 with @entity1129 , and partial albinism with silvery gray hair in those with @entity13277 . Autoimmune skin @entity10631 were observed in 6% of reported cases of @entity1200 . This study highlights the importance of awareness of skin @entity10631 of @entity1200 to assist in the early diagnosis and management of these disorders.

title: Skin @entity10631 in primary XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity10631 :: ('MESH:D020879', 'Disease') :: ['manifestations']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity14783 :: ('MESH:D007589', 'Disease') :: ['hyper IgE syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity17454 :: ('MESH:D014923', 'Disease') :: ['WAS', 'Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['combined immunodeficiency disorders', 'PID', 'primary immunodeficiency disorders']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiencies']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alopecia']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['Erythroderma of infancy']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions', 'Skin infections', 'skin disorders']

entities_list: @entity13277 :: ('MESH:D002609', 'Disease') :: ['Chediak-Higashi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczema', 'eczemas']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficient']


abstract: Skin @entity10631 are prevalent in @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ). In a large proportion of @entity1 , they manifest as presenting signs and serve as important factors for the early diagnosis of @entity1200 . Only a few studies describing the spectrum of @entity272 in @entity1200 are available. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of skin @entity10631 in @entity1 with @entity1200 . @entity1 were 128 pediatric @entity1 with @entity1200 (aged <16 years) registered prospectively over 6 years. Skin @entity10631 were observed in 61 @entity1 (48%), and those @entity10631 were the presenting features in 50 (39% of total @entity1200 and 82% of those with @entity272 ). @entity272 were the most prevalent @entity10631 , seen in 39 @entity1 (30%), followed by @entity484 in 24 (19%). @entity272 were significantly more prevalent in those with @entity154 in phagocyte number, function, or both, as well as in those with well-defined @entity465 . Although widely present in all @entity1 with @entity1200 , @entity484 was a consistent feature (100%) in @entity1 with @entity14783 and @entity17454 ( @entity17454 ). @entity5658 with @entity3067 was seen exclusively in @entity1 with severe @entity1200 , @entity8721 in @entity1 with @entity1129 , and partial albinism with silvery gray hair in those with @entity13277 . Autoimmune skin @entity10631 were observed in 6% of reported cases of @entity1200 . This study highlights the importance of awareness of skin @entity10631 of @entity1200 to assist in the early diagnosis and management of these disorders.

title: Skin XXXX in primary @entity465 @entity1 .

answer: @entity10631 :: (MESH:D020879,Disease) :: ['manifestations']


abstract: Skin @entity10631 are prevalent in @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ). In a large proportion of @entity1 , they manifest as presenting signs and serve as important factors for the early diagnosis of @entity1200 . Only a few studies describing the spectrum of @entity272 in @entity1200 are available. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of skin @entity10631 in @entity1 with @entity1200 . @entity1 were 128 pediatric @entity1 with @entity1200 (aged <16 years) registered prospectively over 6 years. Skin @entity10631 were observed in 61 @entity1 (48%), and those @entity10631 were the presenting features in 50 (39% of total @entity1200 and 82% of those with @entity272 ). @entity272 were the most prevalent @entity10631 , seen in 39 @entity1 (30%), followed by @entity484 in 24 (19%). @entity272 were significantly more prevalent in those with @entity154 in phagocyte number, function, or both, as well as in those with well-defined @entity465 . Although widely present in all @entity1 with @entity1200 , @entity484 was a consistent feature (100%) in @entity1 with @entity14783 and @entity17454 ( @entity17454 ). @entity5658 with @entity3067 was seen exclusively in @entity1 with severe @entity1200 , @entity8721 in @entity1 with @entity1129 , and partial albinism with silvery gray hair in those with @entity13277 . Autoimmune skin @entity10631 were observed in 6% of reported cases of @entity1200 . This study highlights the importance of awareness of skin @entity10631 of @entity1200 to assist in the early diagnosis and management of these disorders.

title: Skin @entity10631 in primary @entity465 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous @entity5 and the second leading cause of @entity5 -related @entity204 among @entity1 in the United States. The most successful therapies to date for this @entity5 have involved some form of androgen ablation. However, these therapies become ineffective as the @entity5 evolves to an androgen-insensitive state. Ceramide is a lipid second messenger that has been shown to mediate growth arrest or cell death when added exogenously to @entity263 cells. As a first step toward understanding the events that lead to the transition of @entity263 cells to an androgen-independent state, we considered investigating the effect of androgen ablation on endogenous ceramide levels in androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive @entity263 cells. METHODS: To investigate the mechanisms of growth arrest/apoptosis in androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and insensitive (DU-145, PC-3) cells, we used various methods including nonyl acridine orange (NAO) staining, propidium iodide (PI) staining/cell-cycle analysis, lipid analysis, and Western blotting assays. RESULTS: In this study, we demonstrate that androgen ablation drives G(0)/G(1)-phase cell-cycle arrest followed by progressive apoptosis in vitro, in LNCaP cells. Lipid analysis indicated an increase in C16 ceramide, which was generated via the de novo pathway as revealed by blockade of ceramide synthase by fumonisin B1. The addition of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or fumonisin B1 rescued LNCaP cells from apoptosis induced by androgen ablation, and decreased levels of intracellular C16 ceramide. Neither apoptosis nor an increase in C16 ceramide was observed in androgen-independent cell lines following androgen ablation.

title: C16 ceramide accumulates following androgen ablation in LNCaP XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Anatomists and surgeons have described the presence of accessory biliary ducts between the liver and gallbladder. @entity1157 from accessory duct following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is an unusual post-operative complication. Aim of the study was to assess its incidence, the intraoperative methods helpful for notice the anatomical @entity154 and the impact of endoscopic procedure as a suitable treatment. From January 1997 to September 2002, 185 @entity1 underwent LC for symptomatic @entity2963 in our surgical department. Post-operative @entity1157 from accessory biliary duct occurred in two @entity1 (1%): one case from the liver bed of gallbladder (duct of Luschka) and one case from an aberrant cholecystohepatic duct entering Hartmann's pouch. One @entity1 underwent open celiotomy because of unavailability of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The other @entity1 was successfully treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy and nasobiliary tube placement. By careful dissection, accessory ducts were noticed and clipped in three other @entity1 with overall incidence of 2.7%. Meticulous laparoscopic technique aimed to careful recognize all structures during LC is the main policy to contain @entity130 within its nadir incidence. Depending of availability, endoscopic sphincterotomy and nasobiliary drainage allow diagnosis and treatment of @entity1157 , preserving the effectiveness of laparoscopic procedure.

title: XXXX from the accessory biliary duct following laparascopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Bile leakage', 'bile leakage']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['biliary injury']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['Bile leak']


abstract: Individual-based models provide powerful tools to model complex interactions characterized by individual variability. This paper presents an object-oriented design for individual-based modelling of @entity3964 @entity311 transmission. Two kinds of objects, @entity1 and mosquito, that exhibit variability among individuals for parameters such as recovery and survival rates are defined. The model tracks the dynamics of @entity1 hosts and adult female mosquitoes individually. Immunity, modelled as a function of exposure history, is represented by reduced susceptibility and increased recovery rate. The model was calibrated using epidemiological data collected at 30 sites along the coast of Kenya. The sites were grouped into low, intermediate and high transmission based on mean daily @entity1 -biting rates. Simulation results show that @entity311 transmission was stable even in low transmission areas where the @entity1 -biting rate is approximately 0.5 bite per day. The model was used to examine the effect of infection control programmes that aim at interrupting transmission by reducing @entity1 -vector contact rates and implementing active case detection and drug treatment of @entity281 . With this intervention, local elimination of @entity311 is likely with a probability of extinction of approximately 0.8 in low transmission areas. However, a small amount of immigration (> 0.3%) by infected @entity1 into the community could prevent local extinction of the parasite. In intermediate and high transmission areas, reduction in prevalence is short-lived and the probability of local elimination is low, even at high coverage levels of the intervention.

title: An individual-based model of XXXX @entity311 transmission on the coast of Kenya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']