abstract: AIM: @entity65 are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predominance of @entity543 and @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) in a group of @entity1 subject to dialysis compared with a control group. METHODS: It is a control-case study performed on @entity1 at different hemodialysis facilities; the exams were carried out in ambulatory care. Two groups of @entity1 were examined, the first group was made up of 40 dialysis @entity1 (46.6% @entity1 , average age 58.8), the second was the control group made up of 58 subjects matched by age, sex, arterial pressure, presence of @entity6 and smoking habits. All @entity1 underwent an Eco-Color Doppler exam on the over aortal trunks and lower extremities and had their Ankle-Brakial-Index (ABI) measured. Carotid @entity850 was considered only if equal or over 50%. RESULTS: Twenty percent of dialysis @entity1 showed @entity543 ( @entity543 ) versus 12% in the control group, with an OR of 7.9 (CI 95% 1.3-47.7) adjusted to sex, age and @entity101 . The ultrasound picture of the lesions showed large amounts of @entity460 deposits. Predominance of @entity3657 in dialysis @entity1 was 20% versus 9% in the control group. In dialysis @entity1 the OR adjusted to age, sex and arterial pressure was 6.3 (CI 95%, 1.2-32.6). CONCLUSION: The ultrasound picture of the lesions showed mainly underpopliteal lesions with ''rosary bead'' calcifications. In @entity6 @entity1 the OR was 7.6 (CI 95% 1.4-46.3).

title: @entity3657 and XXXX in @entity454 : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral obstructive arterial disease', 'POAD']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic dialysis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: AIM: @entity65 are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predominance of @entity543 and @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) in a group of @entity1 subject to dialysis compared with a control group. METHODS: It is a control-case study performed on @entity1 at different hemodialysis facilities; the exams were carried out in ambulatory care. Two groups of @entity1 were examined, the first group was made up of 40 dialysis @entity1 (46.6% @entity1 , average age 58.8), the second was the control group made up of 58 subjects matched by age, sex, arterial pressure, presence of @entity6 and smoking habits. All @entity1 underwent an Eco-Color Doppler exam on the over aortal trunks and lower extremities and had their Ankle-Brakial-Index (ABI) measured. Carotid @entity850 was considered only if equal or over 50%. RESULTS: Twenty percent of dialysis @entity1 showed @entity543 ( @entity543 ) versus 12% in the control group, with an OR of 7.9 (CI 95% 1.3-47.7) adjusted to sex, age and @entity101 . The ultrasound picture of the lesions showed large amounts of @entity460 deposits. Predominance of @entity3657 in dialysis @entity1 was 20% versus 9% in the control group. In dialysis @entity1 the OR adjusted to age, sex and arterial pressure was 6.3 (CI 95%, 1.2-32.6). CONCLUSION: The ultrasound picture of the lesions showed mainly underpopliteal lesions with ''rosary bead'' calcifications. In @entity6 @entity1 the OR was 7.6 (CI 95% 1.4-46.3).

title: XXXX and @entity543 in @entity454 : a case-control study.

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['Peripheral obstructive arterial disease']


abstract: AIM: @entity65 are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predominance of @entity543 and @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) in a group of @entity1 subject to dialysis compared with a control group. METHODS: It is a control-case study performed on @entity1 at different hemodialysis facilities; the exams were carried out in ambulatory care. Two groups of @entity1 were examined, the first group was made up of 40 dialysis @entity1 (46.6% @entity1 , average age 58.8), the second was the control group made up of 58 subjects matched by age, sex, arterial pressure, presence of @entity6 and smoking habits. All @entity1 underwent an Eco-Color Doppler exam on the over aortal trunks and lower extremities and had their Ankle-Brakial-Index (ABI) measured. Carotid @entity850 was considered only if equal or over 50%. RESULTS: Twenty percent of dialysis @entity1 showed @entity543 ( @entity543 ) versus 12% in the control group, with an OR of 7.9 (CI 95% 1.3-47.7) adjusted to sex, age and @entity101 . The ultrasound picture of the lesions showed large amounts of @entity460 deposits. Predominance of @entity3657 in dialysis @entity1 was 20% versus 9% in the control group. In dialysis @entity1 the OR adjusted to age, sex and arterial pressure was 6.3 (CI 95%, 1.2-32.6). CONCLUSION: The ultrasound picture of the lesions showed mainly underpopliteal lesions with ''rosary bead'' calcifications. In @entity6 @entity1 the OR was 7.6 (CI 95% 1.4-46.3).

title: @entity3657 and @entity543 in XXXX : a case-control study.

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end stage renal disease']


abstract: Our aim was to investigate the efficacy, @entity137 , and drug discontinuation in @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) treated with infliximab. Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity1691 , who were enrolled between June 2001 and December 2002 were treated with infliximab. All @entity1 fulfilled the New York revised criteria for @entity1691 and had @entity66 . Infliximab (5 mg/kg weight), was given intravenously at weeks 0, 2, 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter. If this failed to give an acceptable treatment response, the interval was shortened to 6 or 4 weeks. The @entity1 were followed-up at predefined times according to a standardized protocol. Data concerning infliximab efficacy, tolerability, adverse events, interval, and drug discontinuation were all recorded. Clinical improvement according to the Bath @entity1691 Activity Index (BASDAI) 50% and the @entity1691 Assessment Study group (ASAS) 40%, and ASAS 5/6 response criteria were recorded. Infliximab treatment resulted in a rapid improvement in the BASDAI and ASAS scores in the first year of the treatment, which sustained throughout the fourth year. More specifically, after the third year of treatment 17/35 (48.6%) of @entity1 achieved BASDAI 50% response criteria, 19/35 (54.3%) attained the ASAS 40% and 15/35 (42.9%) reached the ASAS 5/6. After the fourth year of treatment BASDAI 50% was reached by 17/35 (48.6%) of @entity1 , ASAS 40% by 17/35 (48.6%), while ASAS 5/6 was attained by 15/35 (42.9%). The clinical improvement was associated with the reduction of acute phase reactants as measured by @entity1851 levels. After the first year of treatment, the "survival rate" of infliximab was 94.3%, after the second year was 91.4%, after the third year was 85.7% and even after 4 years of treatment still maintained high 77.9%. Six (17.1%) @entity1 were withdrawn during the observational period. Three because of lack of efficacy, two because of @entity56 and one lost from follow-up. Infliximab was effective, safe, and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity1691 . The clinical response was maintained for a period of 4 years and over, with infliximab survival of 77.9%.

title: Persistent clinical response of infliximab treatment, over a 4-year period in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axial disease']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS', 'Ankylosing Spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine the differences in oscillatory brain dynamics in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) according to age at onset using quantitative electroencephalography (EEG). We examined resting state electroencephalograms of 320 probable @entity195 @entity1 and 246 controls, both categorized into a young ( <= 65 years) and old (> 65 years) group. Relative power in 4 different frequency bands was calculated. The effect of age on global and regional relative power was examined. Globally, young @entity195 @entity1 showed lower alpha- and higher delta-power than old @entity195 @entity1 . Regional analysis showed that these differences were most pronounced in the parieto-occipital region. Young @entity195 @entity1 had lower beta- and higher theta-power than old @entity1 in all but the temporal regions. In controls, there was no age effect on global relative power in any frequency band. Young @entity195 @entity1 present with more severe slowing of spontaneous oscillatory activity than old @entity195 @entity1 , which is most pronounced in the posterior brain areas. This finding supports the hypothesis that early onset @entity195 presents with a distinct endophenotype.

title: Young Alzheimer XXXX show distinct regional changes of oscillatory brain dynamics.

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The parasitic ciliate @entity26994 infests all species of freshwater fish and can cause severe economic losses in fish breeding. The most effective treatment, @entity15271 green, has been banned in Europe and North America for use in food fish production. @entity3879 ( @entity3880 ) was found to be toxic to @entity26994 theronts at low concentrations. @entity26994 -infested @entity7136 were exposed to 1 mg/l @entity3880 in a dynamic exposure by means of peristaltic pumps. Five days after @entity277 , gills, tail fins, and skin below the dorsal fin were observed microscopically for @entity26994 abundance. After @entity3880 exposure, @entity3880 -treated fish showed lower @entity277 of @entity26994 in all investigated tissues than the unexposed control fish. The @entity277 increased in the control group whereas the @entity277 in the @entity3880 -exposed groups significantly decreased (p = 0.0083, Bonferroni correction). The fish in the two exposure groups showed a slight reinfestation with @entity26994 . This might be caused by a @entity2625 degradation (hydrolysis) and/or reduction of the delivered @entity3880 concentration. Thus, @entity3880 concentrations were possibly too low to be effective on the released trophonts and/or the infective theronts. This hypothesis is corroborated by the fact that the @entity26994 in the gills, skin, and fins of the @entity3880 -exposed @entity7136 were in an early developmental stage.

title: Evaluation of continuous 4-day exposure to @entity3879 as a treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15271 :: ('MESH:C520661', 'Chemical') :: ['malachite']

entities_list: @entity26994 :: ('5932', 'Species') :: ['I. multifiliis', 'Ichthyophthirius multifiliis']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

entities_list: @entity3879 :: ('MESH:D010463', 'Chemical') :: ['Peracetic acid']

answer: @entity26994 :: (5932,Species) :: ['Ichthyophthirius multifiliis']


abstract: The parasitic ciliate @entity26994 infests all species of freshwater fish and can cause severe economic losses in fish breeding. The most effective treatment, @entity15271 green, has been banned in Europe and North America for use in food fish production. @entity3879 ( @entity3880 ) was found to be toxic to @entity26994 theronts at low concentrations. @entity26994 -infested @entity7136 were exposed to 1 mg/l @entity3880 in a dynamic exposure by means of peristaltic pumps. Five days after @entity277 , gills, tail fins, and skin below the dorsal fin were observed microscopically for @entity26994 abundance. After @entity3880 exposure, @entity3880 -treated fish showed lower @entity277 of @entity26994 in all investigated tissues than the unexposed control fish. The @entity277 increased in the control group whereas the @entity277 in the @entity3880 -exposed groups significantly decreased (p = 0.0083, Bonferroni correction). The fish in the two exposure groups showed a slight reinfestation with @entity26994 . This might be caused by a @entity2625 degradation (hydrolysis) and/or reduction of the delivered @entity3880 concentration. Thus, @entity3880 concentrations were possibly too low to be effective on the released trophonts and/or the infective theronts. This hypothesis is corroborated by the fact that the @entity26994 in the gills, skin, and fins of the @entity3880 -exposed @entity7136 were in an early developmental stage.

title: Evaluation of continuous 4-day exposure to XXXX as a treatment for @entity26994 .

answer: @entity3879 :: (MESH:D010463,Chemical) :: ['peracetic acid']


abstract: Mountain hiking is associated with a death rate of about 4 deaths per 100,000 hikers annually. About 50 % of all fatalities during mountain hiking are @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ). But there are only few data available regarding risk factors and triggers associated with @entity5099 during mountain hiking. Thus, a case-control analysis between @entity1 who died suddenly during mountain hiking and randomly selected controls was carried out. Risk factor profiles of 179 males over the age of 34 who suffered @entity5099 during mountain hiking were compared to those of 537 matched controls. Hikers who died suddenly during mountain hiking were much more likely to have had a prior MI (17% vs. 0.9%; p < 0.001), known @entity453 ( @entity453 ) without prior MI (17 % vs. 4%; p < 0.001), @entity6 (6% vs. 1 %; p < 0.001), @entity1007 (54 % vs. 20%; p < 0.001), and were less engaged in regular mountain sports activities (31% vs. 58%; p < 0.001) compared to hikers from the control group. Based on the reported relationship between traditional risk factors and coronary plaque morphology, acute @entity397 with @entity715 formation and subsequent lethal @entity943 may be assumed to be a dominant mechanism precipitating @entity5099 during hiking. In contrast, in skiers especially non-occlusive plaques may precipitate @entity63 leading to an imbalance between @entity26 demand and supply and subsequent lethal @entity943 . As preventive measures recommended to hikers at risk, adaptation to regular mountain sports activities by an adequate training program and pharmacological interventions, e.g. lipid lowering drugs, @entity117 , and beta-blockers, should be considered.

title: Risk factor profile for XXXX during mountain hiking.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['SCDs', 'sudden cardiac deaths']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although congenital @entity1157 dilatation is frequently associated with @entity1125 , conventional cholangiography often does not demonstrate small @entity5 . This is the first prospective study of the value of intraductal ultrasonography (US) in the examination of the extrahepatic bile ducts in @entity1 with congenital @entity1157 dilatation. METHODS: Intraductal US via a transpapillary route was used in consecutive @entity1 with congenital @entity1157 dilatation. A 2.0 mm diameter, 20 MHz frequency catheter probe was used. The images were correlated with the results of histologic examination of the resection specimens. RESULTS: Intraductal US was performed successfully via the transpapillary route in 8 of 10 @entity1 . In the other 2 @entity1 , the percutaneous transhepatic route was used. In the 6 @entity1 with cylindrical dilatation, intraductal US demonstrated the entire extrahepatic @entity1157 . In 1 @entity1 , it showed a @entity1157 cancer not demonstrated by cholangiography. In 2 of the 4 @entity1 with @entity384 , intraductal US did not demonstrate the entire extrahepatic @entity1157 because of the low penetration depth of the probe. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy was required in these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Intraductal US is useful for demonstrating @entity5 in the extrahepatic bile ducts in @entity1 with @entity384 .

title: Preoperative assessment of congenital XXXX dilatation using intraductal US.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'ductal tumors']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation', 'congenital cylindrical ductal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['bile duct']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Like menopause, during complete lactation, circulating @entity172 concentrations are markedly reduced, resulting in amplified bone resorption. AIM OF STUDY: To investigate the effects of soy @entity6400 , common dietary components used to mitigate the @entity604 of menopause, on the @entity604 associated with lactation. METHODS: Lactating @entity35 were randomized to one of four diets supplemented with different levels of soy @entity6400 (0, 2, 4, 8 mg aglycone @entity3093 /g protein). Milk was collected from all dams between days 12 and 15 of lactation and was analyzed for @entity460 , @entity3151 and @entity670 concentrations. Serum and bones from half of the animals from each diet group were taken at weaning and from the remaining half at 4 weeks post-weaning. Bones underwent histomorphometric analysis and serum was used for @entity670 determinations. RESULTS: Serum @entity670 and milk concentrations reflected dietary @entity3093 dose. @entity3093 intake had no effect on any of the bone changes associated with lactation or recovery. Milk @entity460 and mineral concentrations were unaffected by dietary @entity6400 . CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of soy @entity6400 , in levels that can be readily attained through soy foods, have neither protective effects on bone nor deleterious effects on milk quality or quantity during lactation.

title: Effects of soy @entity3093 consumption on bone structure and milk mineral concentration in a @entity35 model of lactation-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone', 'Isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Like menopause, during complete lactation, circulating @entity172 concentrations are markedly reduced, resulting in amplified bone resorption. AIM OF STUDY: To investigate the effects of soy @entity6400 , common dietary components used to mitigate the @entity604 of menopause, on the @entity604 associated with lactation. METHODS: Lactating @entity35 were randomized to one of four diets supplemented with different levels of soy @entity6400 (0, 2, 4, 8 mg aglycone @entity3093 /g protein). Milk was collected from all dams between days 12 and 15 of lactation and was analyzed for @entity460 , @entity3151 and @entity670 concentrations. Serum and bones from half of the animals from each diet group were taken at weaning and from the remaining half at 4 weeks post-weaning. Bones underwent histomorphometric analysis and serum was used for @entity670 determinations. RESULTS: Serum @entity670 and milk concentrations reflected dietary @entity3093 dose. @entity3093 intake had no effect on any of the bone changes associated with lactation or recovery. Milk @entity460 and mineral concentrations were unaffected by dietary @entity6400 . CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of soy @entity6400 , in levels that can be readily attained through soy foods, have neither protective effects on bone nor deleterious effects on milk quality or quantity during lactation.

title: Effects of soy XXXX consumption on bone structure and milk mineral concentration in a @entity35 model of lactation-associated @entity604 .

answer: @entity3093 :: (CHEBI:18220,Chemical) :: ['isoflavone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Like menopause, during complete lactation, circulating @entity172 concentrations are markedly reduced, resulting in amplified bone resorption. AIM OF STUDY: To investigate the effects of soy @entity6400 , common dietary components used to mitigate the @entity604 of menopause, on the @entity604 associated with lactation. METHODS: Lactating @entity35 were randomized to one of four diets supplemented with different levels of soy @entity6400 (0, 2, 4, 8 mg aglycone @entity3093 /g protein). Milk was collected from all dams between days 12 and 15 of lactation and was analyzed for @entity460 , @entity3151 and @entity670 concentrations. Serum and bones from half of the animals from each diet group were taken at weaning and from the remaining half at 4 weeks post-weaning. Bones underwent histomorphometric analysis and serum was used for @entity670 determinations. RESULTS: Serum @entity670 and milk concentrations reflected dietary @entity3093 dose. @entity3093 intake had no effect on any of the bone changes associated with lactation or recovery. Milk @entity460 and mineral concentrations were unaffected by dietary @entity6400 . CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of soy @entity6400 , in levels that can be readily attained through soy foods, have neither protective effects on bone nor deleterious effects on milk quality or quantity during lactation.

title: Effects of soy @entity3093 consumption on bone structure and milk mineral concentration in a XXXX model of lactation-associated @entity604 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neonatal hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 is often resistant to medical therapy and is often treated with near-total pancreatectomy. However, the @entity660 may be focal and treatable by partial pancreatic resection. METHODS: We studied 52 neonates with @entity3190 who were treated surgically. The type and location of the @entity660 were determined by preoperative pancreatic catheterization and intraoperative histologic studies. Partial pancreatectomy was performed in @entity1 with focal lesions, and near-total pancreatectomy was performed in those with @entity66 . The postoperative outcome was determined by measurements of plasma @entity413 and glycosylated hemoglobin and by oral @entity413 -tolerance tests. RESULTS: Thirty neonates had diffuse beta-cell hyperfunction, and 22 had focal @entity1412 . Among the latter, the lesions were in the head of the pancreas in nine, the isthmus in three, the body in eight, and the tail in two. The clinical manifestations were similar in both groups. The @entity1 with focal lesions had no symptoms of @entity4053 and had normal preprandial and postprandial plasma @entity413 and glycosylated hemoglobin values and normal results on oral @entity413 -tolerance tests after partial pancreatectomy (performed in 19 of 22 neonates). By contrast, after near-total pancreatectomy, 13 of the @entity1 with @entity66 had persistent @entity4053 , @entity6 developed in 8, and @entity4854 developed in another 7; overall, only 2 @entity1 with @entity66 had normal plasma @entity413 concentrations in the first year after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Among neonates with @entity3190 , about half may have focal islet-cell hyperplasia that can be treated with partial pancreatectomy. These neonates can be identified through pancreatic catheterization and intraoperative histologic studies.

title: Clinical features of 52 neonates with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lesions']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinism']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous islet-cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['hyperinsulinism']


abstract: This report describes the case of the youngest Japanese @entity1 to be diagnosed with @entity420 . In September 2005, a 17-year-old female adolescent visited a physician because of @entity3556 . @entity5 was discovered, and the @entity1 was referred to our outpatient department. Vaginal examination showed a bleeding @entity5 approximately 1.5 cm in size protruding from the cervical os. The cytological finding of the uterine cervix was positive for @entity5 , and the histological diagnosis by punch biopsy was clear-cell @entity420 . A radical abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were performed on October 30. Macroscopic findings showed a @entity5 , 1.5 cm in diameter, growing from the right side of the uterine cervix. The pathological diagnosis was clear-cell @entity420 (PT1b1NR0M0). The @entity1 was discharged from our hospital without any adjuvant therapy. No signs of recurrence have been detected in the 2-year follow up.

title: Clear-cell XXXX in a 17-year-old adolescent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix', 'adenocarcinoma of the cervix', 'endocervical clearcell adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'A cervical tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on the surgical treatment of @entity2415 and to present preliminary results from a pilot study of lung volume reduction (LVR) surgery. DESIGN: Case series of consecutive @entity1 referred for LVR surgery. Outcomes were quality of life, pulmonary function and exercise capacity. SETTING: Two university-affiliated hospitals in Ontario. POPULATION STUDIED: @entity1 between the ages of 40 and 75 years with @entity2415 who had severe airflow limitation, hyperinflation of the lungs and impaired quality of life. INTERVENTION: @entity353 with multiple wedge resections of the lung using a linear stapling device with @entity291 pericardial buttressing were completed via a median sternotomy. MAIN RESULTS: Of 50 @entity1 referred, 24 underwent LVR surgery. Mean age of the cohort was 63 years. Operative 30-day or in hospital mortality was 8%. Two other @entity1 (8%) died from @entity1576 after LVR within the first year. @entity260 included prolonged air leaks (six of 24), tracheobronchitis (five of 24), mechanical ventilation (four of 24) and @entity55 (three of 24). Mean length of stay was 18 days (median 12 days). At one year, there was a sustained decrease in total lung capacity from 133% to 123% predicted. There were improvements in forced expiratory volume in 1 s, from 22% of predicted preoperatively to 32% postoperatively, and in 6 min walk performance, from 345 to 381 m. Improvements were also noted in the quality of life assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results suggest that LVR surgery is feasible and may improve the @entity1 's quality of life, pulmonary function and exercise capacity. A randomized clinical trial comparing LVR plus the best medical management with the best medical management alone is currently underway to determine the effectiveness of LVR.

title: Lung volume reduction for XXXX and the Canadian Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (CLVR) Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral reductions']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity16 are, at the present time, considered among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality after heart surgery. We evaluated their importance and risk factors. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 2, 528 consecutive @entity1 who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass in a single center. In each one, we attended to previous vascular risk factors, such as surgical and postoperative events. We considered four categories of neurologic outcome: (1) persistent @entity51 , (2) stupor or @entity772 , (3) @entity51 , and (4) seizures. We carried out univariant and multivariant statistical analysis, looking for predictors of adverse neurologic events. RESULTS: @entity16 occurred in 76 @entity1 (3%); 36 of them (47%) had persistent @entity51 , 18 (24%) stupor or @entity772 , 18 (24%) @entity51 , and 27 (36%) @entity410 . Twenty-two @entity1 with cerebral adverse outcomes died (29%), the overall mortality among the 2,528 cases being 5%. Predictors of risk were @entity449 and aortic valve surgery, advanced age, female sex, and the use of intra-aortic balloon pump. A longer hospitalization time was noticed among @entity1 with neurological side effects. DISCUSSION: @entity16 are common and serious after heart surgery, as we have noticed with this series, the largest up to now, according to our review of the literature. They increase perioperative mortality and hospitalization time. @entity16 and risk factors in our study are similar to those previously published.

title: XXXX after cardiopulmonary bypass: An update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complications', 'Neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological focal deficits', 'temporary neurological focal deficits']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Isolated dissecting @entity5487 (PICA) carry a high risk of rebleeding with an associated increased mortality rate. Although rare, they present a therapeutic challenge. Surgical treatment carries a significant risk of @entity16 , predominantly lower @entity129 because of the close relationship of the @entity439 with the brain stem and cranial nerves. The purpose of this article is to show that endovascular treatment of dissecting @entity439 of the PICA can be effective and can allow the @entity1 to avoid the complications associated with surgery. METHODS: Six @entity1 (age range, 28-70 years) with dissecting @entity439 of the PICA were treated at our center by endovascular occlusion with Guglielmi detachable coils or glue and followed for up to 30 months. Inclusion of @entity1 in the study was based on careful angiographic assessment of the vascular anatomy and collateral supply of the posterior fossa. When on the basis of the anatomy, potential lack of sufficient collaterals was suggested, a test occlusion was performed to determine the feasibility of an endovascular approach. Four additional cases, which have been described in the literature, were included in the analysis of results. RESULTS: In all @entity1 , the @entity439 was successfully occluded with no apparent procedure-related complications. Follow-up studies showed stable and complete occlusion of the @entity439 in all @entity1 with no long-term @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment by @entity439 and parent @entity432 is a relatively safe and reliable alternative to surgery for isolated dissecting @entity439 of the PICA.

title: Endovascular treatment of isolated dissecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity5487 :: (MESH:D014854,Disease) :: ['aneurysm of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical results of microscope-assisted minimally invasive decompression for degenerative @entity2649 . METHODS: From May 2007 to November 2008, 26 @entity1 with degenerative @entity2649 were treated with microscope-assisted minimally invasive decompression. Including 9 males and 17 females, the mean age were 53.7 years (range in 47-75 years). The course of disease was from 2 to 8 years with an average of 3.6 years. Single segment symptom had 20 cases and double segments had 6 cases. The clinical effects were evaluated and improvement rate was calculated according to JOA scoring before and after operation. RESULTS: The operative time in single segment was 60-90 minutes with an average of 75 minutes and in double segments was 80-180 minutes with an average of 95 minutes. The @entity548 in single segment was 50-120 ml with an average of 85 ml and in double segments was 60-150 ml with an average of 100 ml. All the @entity1 were followed up with an average of 8.6 months (range in 6-24 months). The clinical effects were evaluated according to JOA scoring,excellent in 18 cases,good in 7,poor in 1,the rate of excellent and good was 96% and improvement rate was 86%. The mean JOA scoring was respectively 3.92 +/- 0.83 and 12.67 +/- 1.92 before and after operation. There was significantly statistic difference between before and after operation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Microscope-assisted minimally invasive decompression for degenerative @entity2649 can obtain satisfactory therapeutic effect,which had advantages of short operative time, less @entity130 , subtle operation, fast restoration, but it is inapplicable for the @entity1 with obviously ossification or calcification of vertebral body, severe vertebral canal adherence.

title: [Microscope-assisted minimally invasive decompression for degenerative XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lower lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['operative bleeding']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lower lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the clinical efficacy including of EED methods in the treatment of severe @entity497 with @entity8769 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Severe @entity497 in @entity1 (n = 103, aged 18-60 years, male 89%) were randomly subdivided into the 4 comparable groups. The 1st group (n = 30) was standard treated with antibiotics. The 2nd group (n = 27) underwent additionally 3 courses of extracorporeal ultraviolet light-exposure (UVLE). The 3rd group (n = 25) was co-treated with 3 courses of biospecific hemosorption (BSS). The 4th group (n = 21) underwent 2 additional courses of BSS plus 3 courses of UVLE. The effectiveness of these schemes therapy was assessed by clinical and laboratory data. RESULTS: The additional application of EED methods led to faster disappearance of clinical symptoms, focal chest signs and the infiltrate resolution in chest X-ray (CXR) as compared with standard treatment. Mean time of the disappearance of fever and sweating was 2.2; 2.5; 2.0 days and 4.8; 5.0; 4.6 days in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th group respectively after EED courses vs 6.1 and 8.0 days in 1st group (P < 0.05). The baseline elastase activity was elevated by 5 times in the 1st-4th groups vs the control (healthy) group and was decreased by 1.5; 2.1; 4.1; 6.6 times respectively (P < 0.05) after treatment in these groups. The initial trypsin-like activity was increased about 5.5 times in all groups vs control and decreased after therapy by 2.1; 3.8; 6.4; 6.0 times (P < 0.05) in the 1st-4th groups respectively. Small CXR residual changes persisted in 7, 4 and 5 @entity1 from the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups vs 12 @entity1 in the 1st group. The spirometry data were normalized faster in the @entity1 who underwent EED methods (by the 14th day) vs the 1st group. CONCLUSIONS: Additional using of EED methods in severe @entity497 therapy is more effective (as compared with traditional management with antibiotics only) in term of faster improvement of @entity1 general condition, reduced time of inflammatory infiltrate resolution and hospitalization by 3-4 days. It has been shown that EED methods correct the main pathogenic mechanisms of severe @entity497 . Our results indicated on the EED methods as an attractive supportive therapy for the empiric antibiotics treatment of this disease.

title: The effect of extracorporeal efferent detoxication (EED) methods inclusion in the severe @entity497 ( XXXX ) treatment.

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['endogenic intoxication syndrome']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['CAP']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the clinical efficacy including of EED methods in the treatment of severe @entity497 with @entity8769 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Severe @entity497 in @entity1 (n = 103, aged 18-60 years, male 89%) were randomly subdivided into the 4 comparable groups. The 1st group (n = 30) was standard treated with antibiotics. The 2nd group (n = 27) underwent additionally 3 courses of extracorporeal ultraviolet light-exposure (UVLE). The 3rd group (n = 25) was co-treated with 3 courses of biospecific hemosorption (BSS). The 4th group (n = 21) underwent 2 additional courses of BSS plus 3 courses of UVLE. The effectiveness of these schemes therapy was assessed by clinical and laboratory data. RESULTS: The additional application of EED methods led to faster disappearance of clinical symptoms, focal chest signs and the infiltrate resolution in chest X-ray (CXR) as compared with standard treatment. Mean time of the disappearance of fever and sweating was 2.2; 2.5; 2.0 days and 4.8; 5.0; 4.6 days in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th group respectively after EED courses vs 6.1 and 8.0 days in 1st group (P < 0.05). The baseline elastase activity was elevated by 5 times in the 1st-4th groups vs the control (healthy) group and was decreased by 1.5; 2.1; 4.1; 6.6 times respectively (P < 0.05) after treatment in these groups. The initial trypsin-like activity was increased about 5.5 times in all groups vs control and decreased after therapy by 2.1; 3.8; 6.4; 6.0 times (P < 0.05) in the 1st-4th groups respectively. Small CXR residual changes persisted in 7, 4 and 5 @entity1 from the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups vs 12 @entity1 in the 1st group. The spirometry data were normalized faster in the @entity1 who underwent EED methods (by the 14th day) vs the 1st group. CONCLUSIONS: Additional using of EED methods in severe @entity497 therapy is more effective (as compared with traditional management with antibiotics only) in term of faster improvement of @entity1 general condition, reduced time of inflammatory infiltrate resolution and hospitalization by 3-4 days. It has been shown that EED methods correct the main pathogenic mechanisms of severe @entity497 . Our results indicated on the EED methods as an attractive supportive therapy for the empiric antibiotics treatment of this disease.

title: The effect of extracorporeal efferent detoxication (EED) methods inclusion in the severe XXXX ( @entity497 ) treatment.

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to determine the safety of three intensive insulin therapy methods: @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ), continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and continuous intravenous insulin infusion (IVII) used in poorly controlled type 2 @entity6 @entity1 in hospital condition. The safety of these intensive insulin therapy methods was measured by the assessment of number and duration of symptomatic and symptomfree hypoglycaemic events with use of Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System (CGMS, Medtronic MiniMed). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 90 type 2 @entity6 @entity1 treated with conventional insulin therapy based on a twice daily injections with mean @entity413 profile values > 14 mmol/l. The @entity1 were randomized into three groups according to the method of insulin treatment. The first group was treated with @entity2794 , the second group with CSII and the third with IVII. The @entity413 monitoring with the use of CGMS lasted 48 hours and was conducted on the second and on the third day of intensive insulin therapy. @entity413 level below 3.5 mmol/l were recognized as @entity2749 . Intensive insulin treatment was continued until "near normoglycaemia" ( @entity413 levels 4.5-10.0 mmol/l) was achieved and then conventional insulin therapy was readministrated. RESULTS: Mean number of symptomatic hypoglycaemic events detected with CGMS was two times higher for @entity2794 than for IVII (p = 0.04) and for CSII (p = 0.04). Number of symptomfree hypoglycaemic events detected with CGMS was higher for @entity2794 than for IVII and CSII, but the differences were insignificant (NS). Mean duration of one symptomfree hypoglycaemic event detected with CGMS was longer in @entity2794 than in CSII (p = 0.02) and IVII (p = 0.03). It was not observed significant differences in mean duration of one symptomatic @entity2749 between studied groups (NS). CONCLUSIONS: The results of study suggest that CSII and IVII treatment is associated with essentially lower number of symptomatic hypoglycaemic events and shorter mean duration of one symptomfree hypoglycaemic event than @entity2794 .

title: Safety of various methods of intensive insulin therapy in hospital condition assessed by hypoglycaemic episodes detected with the use of continuous XXXX monitoring system.

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycaemic episode']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['multiple daily insulin injections', 'MDI']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: NT-proBNP and @entity3876 concentrations in CHF correlate with NYHA class and LVEE Little research has been conducted to compare the clinical performance of these two natriuretic peptides in heterogeneous CHF population. Purpose: to evaluate and compare the clinical performance of NT-proBNP and @entity3876 in heterogeneous group of CHF @entity1 on the basis of these peptides' correlation with NYHA class, LVEF and WMI measured by echocardiography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 admitted for suspected of CHE Blood samples were drawn for NT-proBNP, @entity3876 , @entity1011 and echocardiography was performed. RESULTS: 71 @entity1 were included. CHF was diagnosed in 53. Sensitivity of NT-proBNP and @entity3876 in diagnosing CHF was 83% and 94% respectively (P = 0.079). Levels of both peptides correlated equally well with NYHA class (R = 0.537, p < 0.001; R = 0.473, P < 0.001), LVEF (R = -0.623, p < 0.001; R = -0.601, P < 0.001) and WMI (R = 0.590, P < 0.001; R = 0.527, P = 0.001). @entity1011 correlated with both peptides, age correlated with NT-proBNP. No difference between sexes was found in both peptides' concentrations. In multivariate analysis independent determinants of @entity3876 were LVEF, presence of @entity340 and NYHA class. In case of NT-proBNP age and @entity1011 also displayed independent influence. CONCLUSIONS: NT-proBNP and @entity3876 show good sensitivity in detecting CHE Levels of both peptides correlate equally well with clinical and echocardiographic parameters of CHF, which makes them equally adequate in biochemical staging of CHF's severity regardless of its underlying cause. Levels of natriutretic peptides reflect contractile dysfunction, @entity340 and clinical condition. Age and @entity1011 concentration but not @entity1 ' sex should additionally be considered when measuring NT-proBNP.

title: Correlation of B type natriuretic peptides with clinical and echocardiographic parameters in heterogeneous population of XXXX with symptoms suggestive of heart failure.

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Due to the large variations in the absorption and bioavailability of conventional @entity205 (CyA), 1:1 (mg:mg) conversion to its microemulsion formulation (Neoral) has been advocated in transplant recipients. However, the renal hazards and biochemical effects of such conversions and not known in cardiac transplant recipients. In this study, 68 cardiac transplant recipients who were receiving conventional CyA, for a period of 61.3 +/- 36.0 (mean +/- @entity2246 ( @entity2246 )) months, were switched to the microemulsion formulation (Neoral). The biochemical and renal function tests were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months pre- and post-conversion of CyA. The results obtained post-conversion were compared with those of the baseline (pre-conversion). Serum @entity1011 and @entity414 levels significantly increased post-conversion to the microemulsion formulation. One @entity1 required discontinuation of the microemulsion in an attempt to reverse severe @entity177 . In spite of a significant decrease in the microemulsion dose at 6, 9 and 12 months, there was a significant increase in the whole blood CyA trough levels at 9 and 12 months of conversion. There was no significant change in blood pressure, serum total @entity165 or @entity972 post-conversion. Our results suggest that after 1:1 (mg:mg) conversion of CyA to its microemulsion formulation, there will be a significant rise in serum @entity1011 , @entity414 and whole blood trough CyA levels necessitating significant dose reduction. This effect is probably due to the markedly improved absorption and bioavailability of the latter.

title: The impact of (1:1) XXXX conversion to its microemulsion formulation on the kidney function of @entity1 with cardiac allografts.

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine A']


abstract: Due to the large variations in the absorption and bioavailability of conventional @entity205 (CyA), 1:1 (mg:mg) conversion to its microemulsion formulation (Neoral) has been advocated in transplant recipients. However, the renal hazards and biochemical effects of such conversions and not known in cardiac transplant recipients. In this study, 68 cardiac transplant recipients who were receiving conventional CyA, for a period of 61.3 +/- 36.0 (mean +/- @entity2246 ( @entity2246 )) months, were switched to the microemulsion formulation (Neoral). The biochemical and renal function tests were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months pre- and post-conversion of CyA. The results obtained post-conversion were compared with those of the baseline (pre-conversion). Serum @entity1011 and @entity414 levels significantly increased post-conversion to the microemulsion formulation. One @entity1 required discontinuation of the microemulsion in an attempt to reverse severe @entity177 . In spite of a significant decrease in the microemulsion dose at 6, 9 and 12 months, there was a significant increase in the whole blood CyA trough levels at 9 and 12 months of conversion. There was no significant change in blood pressure, serum total @entity165 or @entity972 post-conversion. Our results suggest that after 1:1 (mg:mg) conversion of CyA to its microemulsion formulation, there will be a significant rise in serum @entity1011 , @entity414 and whole blood trough CyA levels necessitating significant dose reduction. This effect is probably due to the markedly improved absorption and bioavailability of the latter.

title: The impact of (1:1) @entity205 conversion to its microemulsion formulation on the kidney function of XXXX with cardiac allografts.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTEREST OF WORK: The longitudinal or "sleeve" gastrectomy was recently introduced into the therapeutic arsenal of the bariatric surgeon. It is a restrictive procedure that reduces stomach capacity by 75%. We present here a preliminary experience with four @entity1 . METHODS: Four @entity1 with super super @entity28 (body mass index (BMI)>60 kg/m2) underwent longitudinal or "sleeve" gastrectomy. Their average preoperative weight was 173 kg (range: 147-190 kg) and mean BMI 65 kg/m2 (range: 61-67 kg/m2). RESULTS: The average post-operative follow-up was 6 months (range: 2-12 months). Average @entity353 at 6 months was 40 kg (range: 20-60 kg) and average decrease in BMI at 6 months 16.3 kg/m2 (range: 6-23 kg/m2). We noted a postsurgical complication in only one @entity1 ( @entity3117 treated with drainage). PERSPECTIVES: These preliminary results suggest that the sleeve gastrectomy is associated with few perioperative complications and offers rapidly effective treatment for super super morbid @entity28 . Long-term results require further investigation.

title: [Treatment of super super morbid XXXX by sleeve gastrectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3117 :: ('MESH:D013369', 'Disease') :: ['subdiaphragmatic abscess']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Research has demonstrated that short-term psychological interventions improve the quality of life of @entity5 @entity1 . However, there is much less evidence for the efficacy of long-term interventions. We report the psychometric results from a randomized clinical trial (n = 66) assessing the effects of an 8 month, weekly psychological intervention on 30 metastatic @entity0 @entity1 . Subjects were assessed at baseline, 4, 8 and 14 months for mood, quality of life and adjustment to @entity5 . Results demonstrated little psychometric difference between the control (n = 36) and intervention groups over this length of time, in spite of the fact that when the intervention subjects attended a weekend of support and training in coping skills, the usual significant, short-term changes were observed. In the long-term intervention, subjects did experience more anxious preoccupation and less helplessness than the controls but no recorded improvements in mood or quality of life. However, profound clinical changes were observed by the therapists, similar to those noted by Spiegel et al. (1981). We conclude that many of the psychological changes made by subjects in long-term interventions may elude conventional psychometric assessment. Further research, of a rigorous qualitative nature, is required to develop a clearer understanding of the experience of living and eventually dying of @entity5 within the context of a long-term intervention.

title: Psychological response to long-term group therapy: a randomized trial with metastatic XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Research has demonstrated that short-term psychological interventions improve the quality of life of @entity5 @entity1 . However, there is much less evidence for the efficacy of long-term interventions. We report the psychometric results from a randomized clinical trial (n = 66) assessing the effects of an 8 month, weekly psychological intervention on 30 metastatic @entity0 @entity1 . Subjects were assessed at baseline, 4, 8 and 14 months for mood, quality of life and adjustment to @entity5 . Results demonstrated little psychometric difference between the control (n = 36) and intervention groups over this length of time, in spite of the fact that when the intervention subjects attended a weekend of support and training in coping skills, the usual significant, short-term changes were observed. In the long-term intervention, subjects did experience more anxious preoccupation and less helplessness than the controls but no recorded improvements in mood or quality of life. However, profound clinical changes were observed by the therapists, similar to those noted by Spiegel et al. (1981). We conclude that many of the psychological changes made by subjects in long-term interventions may elude conventional psychometric assessment. Further research, of a rigorous qualitative nature, is required to develop a clearer understanding of the experience of living and eventually dying of @entity5 within the context of a long-term intervention.

title: Psychological response to long-term group therapy: a randomized trial with metastatic @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: None of the existing theories provides a satisfactory explanation of the development of @entity46 . One hypothesis that may lead to further clarification is that the expression of specific proteins of @entity1 endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) might influence the development of @entity75 . Such endogenous retroviral proteins include syncytin, coded by @entity18341 , which is associated with the physiological development of the placenta during pregnancy. This study investigated the influence of @entity18341 gene expression in @entity46 foci (EM) quantitatively at the RNA level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specific RNA expression of syncytin ( @entity18341 ) was investigated in various endometrial tissues from 42 @entity1 (with normal endometrium, postmenopausal endometrium, EM, and @entity1204 ). RNA was isolated from the tissue samples and transcribed into DNA using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The resulting DNA fragments were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and assessed quantitatively. RESULTS: Normalized syncytin expression was low in EM. In Histologically normal endometrium from @entity46 @entity1 , the expression of normalized syncytin was seven times higher in comparison with the histologically normal endometrium in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity18341 syncytin expression apparently does not play a role in EM. However, it may possibly influence the development of @entity46 because of increased expression in normal endometrium in @entity46 @entity1 .

title: Expression of the @entity1 endogenous retroviruse-W envelope gene syncytin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis lesions']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['endometriosis lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: None of the existing theories provides a satisfactory explanation of the development of @entity46 . One hypothesis that may lead to further clarification is that the expression of specific proteins of @entity1 endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) might influence the development of @entity75 . Such endogenous retroviral proteins include syncytin, coded by @entity18341 , which is associated with the physiological development of the placenta during pregnancy. This study investigated the influence of @entity18341 gene expression in @entity46 foci (EM) quantitatively at the RNA level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specific RNA expression of syncytin ( @entity18341 ) was investigated in various endometrial tissues from 42 @entity1 (with normal endometrium, postmenopausal endometrium, EM, and @entity1204 ). RNA was isolated from the tissue samples and transcribed into DNA using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The resulting DNA fragments were analyzed using agarose gel electrophoresis and assessed quantitatively. RESULTS: Normalized syncytin expression was low in EM. In Histologically normal endometrium from @entity46 @entity1 , the expression of normalized syncytin was seven times higher in comparison with the histologically normal endometrium in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity18341 syncytin expression apparently does not play a role in EM. However, it may possibly influence the development of @entity46 because of increased expression in normal endometrium in @entity46 @entity1 .

title: Expression of the XXXX endogenous retroviruse-W envelope gene syncytin in @entity75 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the needs, barriers and facilitators of function in individuals with @entity64 after discharge from hospital. To examine the results stratified by the @entity1 's acute score (<41, 41-80, >80) on the functional independence measure (FIM). METHOD: This was a cohort study of 209 @entity1 who had been admitted to hospital because of @entity64 . @entity1 were interviewed following hospital discharge using a semi-structured interview and asked to complete and return a quantitative closed-ended survey. RESULTS: For most domains, frequencies of needs varied across the FIM groups. Combining all FIM groups, the interview showed needs related to: @entity73 (35%), time for recovery (33%), education (28%), medical advice (25%), therapies and services (21%), social needs (19%) and emotional needs (18%). From the interview, the most frequent barriers were @entity73 (55%) and emotional concerns (40%). Common facilitators were family support (54%), therapies and medical care (40%) and personal attitudes (22%). Additional needs from the survey concerned: IADL, mobility, ADL, recreation, finances, communication and employment. Additional barriers from the survey were: attitudes, social participation, environments and limited services. CONCLUSIONS: There is a large and varied number of needs and barriers following discharge from hospital that have planning and advocacy implications for rehabilitation teams.

title: Needs assessment of individuals with XXXX after discharge from hospital stratified by acute Functional Independence Measure score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['physical impairments']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of combined hormone replacement therapy on markers of endothelial function and inflammatory activity. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING: Academic hospital. @entity1 (S): Healthy postmenopausal @entity1 with an intact uterus. INTERVENTION(S): For the first 12 months, the hormone replacement therapy group (n = 14) received oral E2, 1 mg daily, sequentially combined with 5 or 10 mg of @entity21909 . Thereafter, they received oral E2, 2 mg daily, sequentially combined with 10 mg of @entity21909 . The control group (n = 13) received no treatment. Data were collected at baseline and at 3, 12, and 15 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Parameters of endothelial function and inflammatory activity. RESULT(S): During 12 months of follow-up, we observed decreases of 15% in plasma levels of endothelin-l, of 21% in soluble thrombomodulin, of 14% in @entity2880 factor, and of 12% in clottable fibrinogen in the hormone replacement therapy group compared with the control group. There was a 5% decrease in soluble @entity4105 tevels. All significant changes were observed by 3 months and sustained after 15 months. Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation and @entity1851 levels did not change significantly. CONCLUSION(S): Long-term combined hormone replacement therapy with E2 and @entity21909 in healthy @entity1 was associated with sustained improvement in some aspects of endothelial function and in clottable fibrinogen levels.

title: Long-term effects of combined hormone replacement therapy on markers of endothelial function and inflammatory activity in healthy postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity21909 :: ('MESH:D004394', 'Chemical') :: ['dydrogesterone']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity935 (DA) storage and release are reduced in @entity1714 ( @entity1714 ) in a wide range of species, from chicks to primates. @entity1714 can be prevented by treatment with DA agonists such as @entity3826 , and paradoxically by the @entity935 neurotoxin @entity2955 . In this study, we increased the DA levels by direct intravitreal DA injections to learn if @entity1714 can be suppressed in a @entity95 model. METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity95 were deprived of pattern vision by the suturing the right eyelids after natural eye opening. In the first group ( @entity1949 , n=20), the right eye received @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) alone. In the second group (DA- @entity1949 , n=16), the deprived eye of 7-day-old @entity95 received four intravitreal injections of 20 microg @entity935 every 5 days. In the third group (saline- @entity1949 , n=16), the deprived eye received saline injections with the same schedule. The contralateral eye remained untreated as a control. At the end of the 8-week deprivation period, the effects of DA on @entity2516 , corneal curvature and ocular dimensions were assessed by streak retinoscopy, keratometry and A-scan ultrasonography, respectively. RESULTS: Eight weeks of @entity1714 induced a myopic shift of -2.70+/-0.87 D (n=20) in treated eyes compared with @entity735 . The major structural correlate of the @entity1714 appeared to be elongation of the vitreous chamber (0.7+/-0.3 mm, n=20) and axial elongation (0.9+/-0.3 mm, n=20), respectively. Repeated intravitreal injections of DA fully prevented the myopic shift (-0.06+/-0.37 D), elongation of the vitreous chamber (0.1+/-0.3 mm, n=16) and axial elongation (0.3+/-0.2 mm, n=16) due to lid suture, whereas saline injections had slight effect. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1949 by suturing eyelids is an effective technique to induce a significant myopic shift, vitreous chamber and axial elongation in @entity95 as a model of @entity1714 development. These changes associated with @entity1949 were retarded by intravitreal injections of DA.

title: Effects of direct intravitreal XXXX injections on the development of lid-suture induced @entity1714 in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['FD', 'form deprivation']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral eyes']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['form deprivation myopia', 'FDM', 'myopia']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity935 (DA) storage and release are reduced in @entity1714 ( @entity1714 ) in a wide range of species, from chicks to primates. @entity1714 can be prevented by treatment with DA agonists such as @entity3826 , and paradoxically by the @entity935 neurotoxin @entity2955 . In this study, we increased the DA levels by direct intravitreal DA injections to learn if @entity1714 can be suppressed in a @entity95 model. METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity95 were deprived of pattern vision by the suturing the right eyelids after natural eye opening. In the first group ( @entity1949 , n=20), the right eye received @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) alone. In the second group (DA- @entity1949 , n=16), the deprived eye of 7-day-old @entity95 received four intravitreal injections of 20 microg @entity935 every 5 days. In the third group (saline- @entity1949 , n=16), the deprived eye received saline injections with the same schedule. The contralateral eye remained untreated as a control. At the end of the 8-week deprivation period, the effects of DA on @entity2516 , corneal curvature and ocular dimensions were assessed by streak retinoscopy, keratometry and A-scan ultrasonography, respectively. RESULTS: Eight weeks of @entity1714 induced a myopic shift of -2.70+/-0.87 D (n=20) in treated eyes compared with @entity735 . The major structural correlate of the @entity1714 appeared to be elongation of the vitreous chamber (0.7+/-0.3 mm, n=20) and axial elongation (0.9+/-0.3 mm, n=20), respectively. Repeated intravitreal injections of DA fully prevented the myopic shift (-0.06+/-0.37 D), elongation of the vitreous chamber (0.1+/-0.3 mm, n=16) and axial elongation (0.3+/-0.2 mm, n=16) due to lid suture, whereas saline injections had slight effect. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1949 by suturing eyelids is an effective technique to induce a significant myopic shift, vitreous chamber and axial elongation in @entity95 as a model of @entity1714 development. These changes associated with @entity1949 were retarded by intravitreal injections of DA.

title: Effects of direct intravitreal @entity935 injections on the development of lid-suture induced @entity1714 in XXXX .

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity935 (DA) storage and release are reduced in @entity1714 ( @entity1714 ) in a wide range of species, from chicks to primates. @entity1714 can be prevented by treatment with DA agonists such as @entity3826 , and paradoxically by the @entity935 neurotoxin @entity2955 . In this study, we increased the DA levels by direct intravitreal DA injections to learn if @entity1714 can be suppressed in a @entity95 model. METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity95 were deprived of pattern vision by the suturing the right eyelids after natural eye opening. In the first group ( @entity1949 , n=20), the right eye received @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) alone. In the second group (DA- @entity1949 , n=16), the deprived eye of 7-day-old @entity95 received four intravitreal injections of 20 microg @entity935 every 5 days. In the third group (saline- @entity1949 , n=16), the deprived eye received saline injections with the same schedule. The contralateral eye remained untreated as a control. At the end of the 8-week deprivation period, the effects of DA on @entity2516 , corneal curvature and ocular dimensions were assessed by streak retinoscopy, keratometry and A-scan ultrasonography, respectively. RESULTS: Eight weeks of @entity1714 induced a myopic shift of -2.70+/-0.87 D (n=20) in treated eyes compared with @entity735 . The major structural correlate of the @entity1714 appeared to be elongation of the vitreous chamber (0.7+/-0.3 mm, n=20) and axial elongation (0.9+/-0.3 mm, n=20), respectively. Repeated intravitreal injections of DA fully prevented the myopic shift (-0.06+/-0.37 D), elongation of the vitreous chamber (0.1+/-0.3 mm, n=16) and axial elongation (0.3+/-0.2 mm, n=16) due to lid suture, whereas saline injections had slight effect. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1949 by suturing eyelids is an effective technique to induce a significant myopic shift, vitreous chamber and axial elongation in @entity95 as a model of @entity1714 development. These changes associated with @entity1949 were retarded by intravitreal injections of DA.

title: Effects of direct intravitreal @entity935 injections on the development of lid-suture induced XXXX in @entity95 .

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: most studies that analyze the influence of structure factors on clinical outcomes are retrospective, based on clinical-administrative databases, and mainly focusing on surgical volume. OBJECTIVE: to study variations in the process and outcomes of oncologic surgery for esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver @entity3 and rectum @entity5 in Catalonia, as well as the factors associated with these variations. @entity1 AND METHOD: a retrospective (2002) and prospective (2003-05) multicenter cohort study. Data forms were designed to collect @entity1 , process, and care outcome characteristics before surgery, at hospital discharge, and at 3 and 6 months after discharge. Main outcome measures were hospital and follow-up mortality, complications, re-interventions, and relapse rates. RESULTS: 49 hospitals (80%) participated in the retrospective phase, 44 of which (90%) also participated in the prospective phase: 3,038 @entity1 (98%) were included. No differences were observed in the profile of operated @entity1 according to hospital level of complexity, but clinical-pathological staging and other functional status variables could not be assessed because of over 20% of missing values. There was significant variability in the volume of interventions as well as in certain aspects of the healthcare process depending on type of @entity5 and center complexity. High rates of @entity418 mortality (18.2% at discharge, 27.3% at 6 months) and of complications and re-interventions for all @entity5 assessed, especially @entity5 (18.4% re-interventions at 6 months), were identified. CONCLUSIONS: the study of the variability identified will require adequate risk-adjustment and should take into account different structure factors. It is necessary that information included in medical records be improved.

title: Management and outcomes in digestive XXXX surgery: design and initial results of a multicenter cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study employed various monitoring methods to assess the impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration ( @entity1865 ) on @entity6565 in Papua New Guinea, which has the largest filariasis problem in the Pacific region. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Residents of rural villages near Madang were studied prior to and one year after each of three rounds of @entity1865 with @entity6566 plus @entity3753 administered per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The mean @entity1865 compliance rate was 72.9%. Three rounds of @entity1865 decreased microfilaremia rates (Mf, 1 ml night blood by filter) from 18.6% pre- @entity1865 to 1.3% after the third @entity1865 (a 94% decrease). Mf clearance rates in infected @entity1 were 71%, 90.7%, and 98.1% after 1, 2, and 3 rounds of @entity1865 . Rates of filarial antigenemia assessed by card test (a marker for adult @entity281 ) decreased from 47.5% to 17.1% (a 64% decrease) after 3 rounds of @entity1865 . The filarial antibody rate (IgG(4) antibodies to Bm14, an indicator of @entity281 status and/or exposure to mosquito-borne infective larvae) decreased from 59.3% to 25.1% (a 54.6% decrease). Mf, antigen, and antibody rates decreased more rapidly in @entity1 <11 years of age (by 100%, 84.2%, and 76.8%, respectively) relative to older individuals, perhaps reflecting their lighter infections and shorter durations of exposure/infection prior to @entity1865 . Incidence rates for microfilaremia, filarial antigenemia, and antifilarial antibodies also decreased significantly after @entity1865 . Filarial DNA rates in Anopheles punctulatus mosquitoes that had recently taken a blood meal decreased from 15.1% to 1.0% (a 92.3% decrease). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: @entity1865 had dramatic effects on all filariasis parameters in the study area and also reduced incidence rates. Follow-up studies will be needed to determine whether residual infection rates in residents of these villages are sufficient to support sustained transmission by the An. punctulatus vector. @entity3754 elimination should be feasible in Papua New Guinea if @entity1865 can be effectively delivered to endemic populations.

title: The impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration with @entity6566 plus @entity3753 on XXXX in Papua New Guinea.

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['bancroftian filariasis']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['worm infection', 'filarial infection']

answer: @entity6565 :: (MESH:D005368,Disease) :: ['bancroftian filariasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study employed various monitoring methods to assess the impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration ( @entity1865 ) on @entity6565 in Papua New Guinea, which has the largest filariasis problem in the Pacific region. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Residents of rural villages near Madang were studied prior to and one year after each of three rounds of @entity1865 with @entity6566 plus @entity3753 administered per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The mean @entity1865 compliance rate was 72.9%. Three rounds of @entity1865 decreased microfilaremia rates (Mf, 1 ml night blood by filter) from 18.6% pre- @entity1865 to 1.3% after the third @entity1865 (a 94% decrease). Mf clearance rates in infected @entity1 were 71%, 90.7%, and 98.1% after 1, 2, and 3 rounds of @entity1865 . Rates of filarial antigenemia assessed by card test (a marker for adult @entity281 ) decreased from 47.5% to 17.1% (a 64% decrease) after 3 rounds of @entity1865 . The filarial antibody rate (IgG(4) antibodies to Bm14, an indicator of @entity281 status and/or exposure to mosquito-borne infective larvae) decreased from 59.3% to 25.1% (a 54.6% decrease). Mf, antigen, and antibody rates decreased more rapidly in @entity1 <11 years of age (by 100%, 84.2%, and 76.8%, respectively) relative to older individuals, perhaps reflecting their lighter infections and shorter durations of exposure/infection prior to @entity1865 . Incidence rates for microfilaremia, filarial antigenemia, and antifilarial antibodies also decreased significantly after @entity1865 . Filarial DNA rates in Anopheles punctulatus mosquitoes that had recently taken a blood meal decreased from 15.1% to 1.0% (a 92.3% decrease). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: @entity1865 had dramatic effects on all filariasis parameters in the study area and also reduced incidence rates. Follow-up studies will be needed to determine whether residual infection rates in residents of these villages are sufficient to support sustained transmission by the An. punctulatus vector. @entity3754 elimination should be feasible in Papua New Guinea if @entity1865 can be effectively delivered to endemic populations.

title: The impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration with XXXX plus @entity3753 on @entity6565 in Papua New Guinea.

answer: @entity6566 :: (MESH:D004049,Chemical) :: ['diethylcarbamazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study employed various monitoring methods to assess the impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration ( @entity1865 ) on @entity6565 in Papua New Guinea, which has the largest filariasis problem in the Pacific region. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Residents of rural villages near Madang were studied prior to and one year after each of three rounds of @entity1865 with @entity6566 plus @entity3753 administered per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The mean @entity1865 compliance rate was 72.9%. Three rounds of @entity1865 decreased microfilaremia rates (Mf, 1 ml night blood by filter) from 18.6% pre- @entity1865 to 1.3% after the third @entity1865 (a 94% decrease). Mf clearance rates in infected @entity1 were 71%, 90.7%, and 98.1% after 1, 2, and 3 rounds of @entity1865 . Rates of filarial antigenemia assessed by card test (a marker for adult @entity281 ) decreased from 47.5% to 17.1% (a 64% decrease) after 3 rounds of @entity1865 . The filarial antibody rate (IgG(4) antibodies to Bm14, an indicator of @entity281 status and/or exposure to mosquito-borne infective larvae) decreased from 59.3% to 25.1% (a 54.6% decrease). Mf, antigen, and antibody rates decreased more rapidly in @entity1 <11 years of age (by 100%, 84.2%, and 76.8%, respectively) relative to older individuals, perhaps reflecting their lighter infections and shorter durations of exposure/infection prior to @entity1865 . Incidence rates for microfilaremia, filarial antigenemia, and antifilarial antibodies also decreased significantly after @entity1865 . Filarial DNA rates in Anopheles punctulatus mosquitoes that had recently taken a blood meal decreased from 15.1% to 1.0% (a 92.3% decrease). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: @entity1865 had dramatic effects on all filariasis parameters in the study area and also reduced incidence rates. Follow-up studies will be needed to determine whether residual infection rates in residents of these villages are sufficient to support sustained transmission by the An. punctulatus vector. @entity3754 elimination should be feasible in Papua New Guinea if @entity1865 can be effectively delivered to endemic populations.

title: The impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration with @entity6566 plus XXXX on @entity6565 in Papua New Guinea.

answer: @entity3753 :: (MESH:D015766,Chemical) :: ['albendazole']


abstract: In the present work, we show that intracellular @entity1527 is rarely found in the livers of acutely infected @entity19 , but @entity32 is commonly observed. The presence of numerous intrahepatic amastigotes in infected @entity60 )-deficient @entity19 corroborates the notion that the liver is protected by an efficient local immunity. The contribution of different cell populations was suggested by data showing that @entity1961 - and CD8-deficient @entity19 were able to restrain liver parasite growth. Therefore, we have characterized the liver-infiltrating lymphocytes and determined the sources of @entity60 during acute @entity1527 @entity281 . We observed that natural killer (NK) cells increased by day 7, while T and B cells increased by day 14. Among CD3+ cells, @entity1961 +, CD8+, and @entity1961 - CD8- cell populations were greatly expanded. A large fraction of CD3+ cells were positive for PanNK, a beta1 integrin expressed by NK and NK T cells. However, these lymphocytes were not classic NK T cells because they did not express @entity11386 and showed no preferential usage of Vbeta8. Otherwise, liver NK T (CD3+ @entity11386 +) cells were not increased in acutely infected @entity19 . The majority of PanNK+ @entity1961 + and PanNK+ CD8+ cells expressed T-cell receptor alphabeta (TCRalphabeta), whereas PanNK+ @entity1961 - CD8- cells were positive for TCRgammadelta. In fact, gammadelta T cells showed the most remarkable increase (40- to 100-fold) among liver lymphocytes. Most importantly, intracellular analysis revealed high levels of @entity60 production at day 7 by NK cells and at day 14 by @entity1961 +, CD8+, and @entity1961 - CD8- TCRgammadelta+ cells. We concluded that NK cells are a precocious source of @entity60 in the livers of acutely infected @entity19 , and, as the disease progresses, conventional @entity1961 + and CD8+ T cells and gammadelta T cells, but not classic NK-T cells, may provide the @entity60 required for liver protection against @entity1527 .

title: Contribution of NK, NK T, gamma delta T, and alpha beta T cells to the gamma interferon response required for liver protection against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'gamma interferon (IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: Prolonged survival of @entity1 with @entity1614 after aortic root replacement has led to an increased number of @entity1 with aortic complications beyond the root. Elective replacement of the aortic root removes the most important predilection site for @entity439 , but the distal aorta remains at risk. Predictors for aortic growth and adverse events in the distal aorta include aortic diameter, aortic distensiblity, previous aortic root replacement, @entity101 and @entity337 . After @entity1580 , the initial false lumen diameter is an independent predictor for late @entity439 formation. Although there are a few reports of short-term success after endovascular stent grafting of the descending thoracic aorta, stent grafting in @entity1 with @entity1614 is not recommended unless intervention is clearly indicated and the risk of conventional open surgical repair is deemed prohibitive. Optimal long-term outcome demands lifelong radiographic follow-up and medical treatment with beta-blocker therapy. After @entity1580 rigorous antihypertensive medication is of utmost importance. @entity9886 , an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, might offer the first potential for primary prevention of clinical manifestations in @entity1614 , but the results of clinical trials have to be awaited. (Neth Heart J 2008;16:382-6.).

title: The distal aorta in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['Losartan']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fetal @entity591 is a well-documented entity which, in the absence of pharmacological intervention, may lead to @entity712 , fetal @entity4 and eventually fetal demise. The success rate of the implemented treatment is generally measured by survival and achievement of control of the @entity943 . We report on the occurrence of associated @entity75 in three @entity1 with fetal @entity591 . METHODS: We describe three @entity1 with a history of fetal @entity4710 who developed cerebral complications in utero. RESULTS: Two @entity1 had cerebral @entity2806 and one had @entity548 present at birth. They had developed severe @entity712 and fetal @entity4 secondary to fetal @entity591 , and there were no other obvious causes for the cerebral pathology. Two of these @entity1 were referred to us antenatally. Therapy was instituted and resulted in control of the @entity591 and resolution of @entity4 . The third @entity1 was referred to our clinic shortly after birth because of severe circulatory problems secondary to fetal @entity591 . CONCLUSION: From these observations, we believe that a fetus with @entity591 and subsequent @entity4 is at increased risk for the development of cerebral complications, due to the circulatory disturbances and sudden changes in heart rate which may lead to fluctuations in cerebral perfusion. This would imply that it is of the utmost importance to aim at immediate and complete control of the heart rate in the treatment of fetal @entity591 .

title: Neurological morbidity after fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral damage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['supraventricular tachyarrhythmia']


abstract: @entity64 ( @entity64 ) represent a complex physical and emotional stressor. Consequent short- and/or long-term alterations on the circulating concentrations of stress hormones and adipo-cytokines may have potential health implications. Fifty-nine @entity1 and adolescents, aged 7-18 years, were evaluated within 24 h after hospitalization for a @entity64 , and 1 and 6 months later; 40 @entity1 served as controls. We examined longitudinally the effects of physical injury-associated (PI) group vs. emotional-only stress (ES) group on circulating @entity701 , @entity2922 , @entity650 , leptin and @entity1254 concentrations. Within 24 h after the accident, serum @entity701 concentration was greater than the controls in the PI but not the ES group (p = 0.02), while serum @entity650 concentration was greater in both @entity130 groups than in the controls (p = 0.004 for PI, p = 0.04 for ES). @entity1254 concentration was lower in the PI than the ES (p = 0.031) and the control (p = 0.019) groups and this was mainly attributed to females. The @entity2922 and leptin concentrations were similar in the three groups. At the 1 and 6 month evaluations, @entity701 and @entity650 concentrations in both @entity130 groups became normal. @entity1254 concentration in females, however, remained low 1 and 6 months after the accident (p = 0.03 for month six). In conclusion, circulating @entity650 concentration was influenced equally by the physical and emotional stress shortly after the @entity130 . Physical but not emotional-only stress lowered the circulating @entity1254 concentrations in females and this effect persisted for at least 6 months.

title: The immediate and long-term impact of physical and/or emotional stress from motor vehicle accidents on circulating stress hormones and adipo-cytokines in XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Motor vehicle accidents', 'MVA']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of Molteno aqueous shunt as a primary surgical treatment in @entity726 . METHODS: Nonrandomized, interventional, retrospective clinical study. The @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ), survival rate and complications were analyzed in 30 @entity1 with @entity726 treated with Molteno implant. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 59.3 +/- 18.4 months. Preoperatively, the mean +/- SD @entity2790 was 32.8 +/- 7.5 mmHg (range 20-48), and the mean number of medications was 3.1 +/- 0.6. The mean @entity2790 decreased significantly (p < 0.001) to 17.7 and 15 mmHg at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The mean number of medications decreased statistically significantly (p < 0.001) from the preoperative number 3.1 to 1.9 three months postoperatively. The number of medications continued to decrease significantly up to 3 years postoperatively. The qualified success rate (Kaplan-Meier estimate) was 97%, 93%, 90% and 85% at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. Two @entity1 failed because of @entity8814 , two @entity1 developed @entity3169 and one @entity1 had @entity2687 . CONCLUSIONS: Molteno aqueous shunt as the first @entity726 procedure decreased @entity2790 effectively in @entity726 . Even after 4 years, the survival estimate was quite high. The @entity2790 decreased continuously during the first year after the surgery, and the medication was slowly tapered even up to 3 years postoperatively. It is suggested that it may be possible to postpone further surgical intervention during the first postoperative year after Molteno implantation even if the @entity2790 is not quite optimal.

title: Molteno aqueous shunt as a primary surgical intervention for XXXX : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'uveitic glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular pressure', 'IOP']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal decompensation']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival erosion']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['uveitic glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the various surgical treatment reserved for @entity9 , during open @entity547 mesh repair, is effective in reducing chronic @entity282 . BACKGROUND: Interest in chronic @entity158 following herniorrhaphy has escalated, in recent years, due both to treatment and legal implications. However, much debate still exists concerning which treatment to reserve for the 3 inguinal sensory nerves. METHODS: A multicentric prospective study involving 11 Italian institutions led to the recruitment of 973 cases of hernioplasty. All surgeons were asked to report whether or not each nerve had been identified and preserved or divided. The main endpoint of the study was the evaluation of moderate to severe @entity1118 at 6 months and 1 year. RESULTS: Overall, the presence of @entity158 at the 6-month and 1-year follow-up was 9.7% and 4.1%, respectively. @entity158 was mild in 7.9% and moderate to severe in 2.1%, at 6 months, and mild in 3.6% and moderate to severe in 0.5%, at 1 year. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that lack of identification of nerves is significantly correlated with presence of @entity1118 , the risk of developing @entity158 increasing with the number of nerves not detected. Likewise, division of nerves was clearly correlated with presence of @entity1118 . CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that identification and preservation of nerves during open @entity169 reduce chronic incapacitating @entity158 and that, in the majority of @entity1 with @entity1118 at 6 months, the @entity158 at 1 year is resolved only with conservative or medical treatment.

title: Influence of preservation versus division of ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and genital nerves during open mesh herniorrhaphy: prospective multicentric study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'groin pain', 'inguinal pain']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and genital branch of the genitofemoral nerves']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to clarify the morphologic characteristics and subsequent repair process of coagulation @entity39 produced by pulsed @entity515 laser irradiation with relatively low fluence, and thereby to evaluate the clinical efficacy of this irradiation mode. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wounding of @entity35 gingiva to produce coagulation @entity39 was done with a @entity515 laser with a fluence of 326 J/cm(2). The structural characteristics of the wound and subsequent repair process were examined by means of histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. RESULTS: At 6 hours after irradiation, the cells in the laser wound appeared histologically intact but had lost the immunoreactivity to antibodies against Hsp47 and exhibited various ultrastructural signs of cell death. This wound area was lined by @entity18273 -positive cells. At 1-day post-irradiation, the uptake of @entity1603 rapidly increased in the adjacent epithelium and connective tissue. The re-epithelization commenced at 1 day and was completed by 7 days. The @entity39 tissue gradually became integrated within the newly formed connective tissue and the original contour of the gingiva was retained during the repair process. The repair process of the laser-induced wound progressed more rapidly than that of a scalpel-made wound. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that the coagulation @entity39 produced by the low fluence pulsed @entity515 laser does not disturb the repair process but promotes its steady progress and subsequent tissue remodeling. This laser mode will pave the way for more conservative and minimally invasive surgery for treating a wide variety of @entity8650 .

title: Remodeling of the @entity35 gingiva induced by XXXX laser coagulation mode.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['oral soft tissue disorders']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to clarify the morphologic characteristics and subsequent repair process of coagulation @entity39 produced by pulsed @entity515 laser irradiation with relatively low fluence, and thereby to evaluate the clinical efficacy of this irradiation mode. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wounding of @entity35 gingiva to produce coagulation @entity39 was done with a @entity515 laser with a fluence of 326 J/cm(2). The structural characteristics of the wound and subsequent repair process were examined by means of histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. RESULTS: At 6 hours after irradiation, the cells in the laser wound appeared histologically intact but had lost the immunoreactivity to antibodies against Hsp47 and exhibited various ultrastructural signs of cell death. This wound area was lined by @entity18273 -positive cells. At 1-day post-irradiation, the uptake of @entity1603 rapidly increased in the adjacent epithelium and connective tissue. The re-epithelization commenced at 1 day and was completed by 7 days. The @entity39 tissue gradually became integrated within the newly formed connective tissue and the original contour of the gingiva was retained during the repair process. The repair process of the laser-induced wound progressed more rapidly than that of a scalpel-made wound. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that the coagulation @entity39 produced by the low fluence pulsed @entity515 laser does not disturb the repair process but promotes its steady progress and subsequent tissue remodeling. This laser mode will pave the way for more conservative and minimally invasive surgery for treating a wide variety of @entity8650 .

title: Remodeling of the XXXX gingiva induced by @entity515 laser coagulation mode.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']