abstract: Although there is no current evidence for ras gene mutation in @entity320 , there is an increasing body of evidence indicating that deregulated intracellular signalling pathways are involved in @entity320 pathogenesis. The various components of the linear Raf/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 signalling pathway have been implicated in various @entity5 . We therefore investigated the role of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in the proliferation of @entity1 normal choroidal melanocytes (NCM) and cells from the ocular @entity320 ( @entity27521 ) cell line. @entity27521 cells proliferated four times faster than NCM. High basal activation of the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module was observed in unstimulated @entity27521 cells, whereas rapid and persistent activation was detected after serum stimulation, throughout the 24-h period of culture. In contrast, the activation of @entity8047 / @entity3963 was barely detectable in unstimulated NCM and occurred late (6 h) after the stimulation of cell proliferation. Inhibition of @entity10242 and MEK1/2 activation by pharmacological approaches and of the production of @entity10242 and ERK1/2 by antisense oligonucleotide approaches demonstrated that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module controlled proliferation in @entity27521 cells, but not in NCM. @entity27521 cells produced very low levels of @entity13525 , whereas NCM produced constant, high levels of @entity13525 . The inhibition of @entity10242 or MEK1/2 induced a large increase in @entity13525 in @entity27521 cells, associated with an arrest of cell proliferation. Levels of @entity517 production were high and constant in @entity27521 cells and low in NCM, in contrast to what was observed for @entity13525 . The inhibition of both @entity10242 and MEK1/2 induced a decrease in @entity517 production and downregulated @entity517 activity by preventing @entity517 phosphorylation in @entity27521 cells. We conclude that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module control the production of both @entity13525 and @entity517 , and the activation of @entity517 for @entity27521 cell proliferation.

title: Opposite long-term regulation of @entity517 and @entity13525 through overactivation of @entity10242 and the XXXX / @entity3963 module in proliferating @entity1 @entity320 cells.

answer: @entity8047 :: (5609,Gene) :: ['MEK']


abstract: Although there is no current evidence for ras gene mutation in @entity320 , there is an increasing body of evidence indicating that deregulated intracellular signalling pathways are involved in @entity320 pathogenesis. The various components of the linear Raf/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 signalling pathway have been implicated in various @entity5 . We therefore investigated the role of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in the proliferation of @entity1 normal choroidal melanocytes (NCM) and cells from the ocular @entity320 ( @entity27521 ) cell line. @entity27521 cells proliferated four times faster than NCM. High basal activation of the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module was observed in unstimulated @entity27521 cells, whereas rapid and persistent activation was detected after serum stimulation, throughout the 24-h period of culture. In contrast, the activation of @entity8047 / @entity3963 was barely detectable in unstimulated NCM and occurred late (6 h) after the stimulation of cell proliferation. Inhibition of @entity10242 and MEK1/2 activation by pharmacological approaches and of the production of @entity10242 and ERK1/2 by antisense oligonucleotide approaches demonstrated that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module controlled proliferation in @entity27521 cells, but not in NCM. @entity27521 cells produced very low levels of @entity13525 , whereas NCM produced constant, high levels of @entity13525 . The inhibition of @entity10242 or MEK1/2 induced a large increase in @entity13525 in @entity27521 cells, associated with an arrest of cell proliferation. Levels of @entity517 production were high and constant in @entity27521 cells and low in NCM, in contrast to what was observed for @entity13525 . The inhibition of both @entity10242 and MEK1/2 induced a decrease in @entity517 production and downregulated @entity517 activity by preventing @entity517 phosphorylation in @entity27521 cells. We conclude that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module control the production of both @entity13525 and @entity517 , and the activation of @entity517 for @entity27521 cell proliferation.

title: Opposite long-term regulation of @entity517 and @entity13525 through overactivation of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / XXXX module in proliferating @entity1 @entity320 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity3963 :: (5594,Gene) :: ['ERK']


abstract: Although there is no current evidence for ras gene mutation in @entity320 , there is an increasing body of evidence indicating that deregulated intracellular signalling pathways are involved in @entity320 pathogenesis. The various components of the linear Raf/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 signalling pathway have been implicated in various @entity5 . We therefore investigated the role of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in the proliferation of @entity1 normal choroidal melanocytes (NCM) and cells from the ocular @entity320 ( @entity27521 ) cell line. @entity27521 cells proliferated four times faster than NCM. High basal activation of the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module was observed in unstimulated @entity27521 cells, whereas rapid and persistent activation was detected after serum stimulation, throughout the 24-h period of culture. In contrast, the activation of @entity8047 / @entity3963 was barely detectable in unstimulated NCM and occurred late (6 h) after the stimulation of cell proliferation. Inhibition of @entity10242 and MEK1/2 activation by pharmacological approaches and of the production of @entity10242 and ERK1/2 by antisense oligonucleotide approaches demonstrated that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module controlled proliferation in @entity27521 cells, but not in NCM. @entity27521 cells produced very low levels of @entity13525 , whereas NCM produced constant, high levels of @entity13525 . The inhibition of @entity10242 or MEK1/2 induced a large increase in @entity13525 in @entity27521 cells, associated with an arrest of cell proliferation. Levels of @entity517 production were high and constant in @entity27521 cells and low in NCM, in contrast to what was observed for @entity13525 . The inhibition of both @entity10242 and MEK1/2 induced a decrease in @entity517 production and downregulated @entity517 activity by preventing @entity517 phosphorylation in @entity27521 cells. We conclude that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module control the production of both @entity13525 and @entity517 , and the activation of @entity517 for @entity27521 cell proliferation.

title: Opposite long-term regulation of @entity517 and @entity13525 through overactivation of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in proliferating XXXX @entity320 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Objective. This study describes the clinicopathologic features and therapeutic results of 116 @entity1 with @entity27866 seen over an 11-year period. Study Design. A retrospective study was carried out with hospital records and a microscopic slide review from a large dermatology department in Mexico City, Mexico. Results. The study consisted of 42 male (36.2%) and 74 female (63.8%) @entity1 , with a male to female ratio of 1:1.7. Age ranged from 9 to 82 years (mean, 27.9 years; standard deviation, 14.2). Thirty-two cases (27.6%) were found in which @entity10212 was the only manifestation of this condition. @entity111 , tingling, and @entity158 of the vermilion were recorded in 96 cases (82.7%). Typical histopathologic findings included in most cases the presence of @entity3594 , spongiosis, basal cell vacuolation, @entity1066 with serohematic crust formation, @entity4 of the lamina propria, lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate with well-defined lymphoid follicles, and variable numbers of eosinophils and melanophages. Improvement of the symptoms was obtained in 112 cases (96.5%) with sun-protective measures and diverse antiinflammatory agents. However, complete resolution of the labial lesions were more frequently achieved with the combination of topical @entity230 , @entity2816 , and sun-protective measures (42.2%) as compared with topical @entity134 therapy plus sun-protection measures (16.3%; P <.005). Conclusion. Our findings confirm that @entity38574 lesions may appear as the only manifestations of this photodermatosis and that it has typical clinical and microscopic features and should therefore be considered a specific form of @entity10212 .

title: XXXX : clinicopathologic analysis and therapeutic results in 116 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity27866 :: ('MESH:C566780', 'Disease') :: ['actinic prurigo cheilitis']

entities_list: @entity3594 :: ('MESH:D000052', 'Disease') :: ['acanthosis']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity27866 :: (MESH:C566780,Disease) :: ['Actinic prurigo cheilitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to profile @entity1 who were treated with high dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy for @entity8376 that occurred after hysterectomy, with special reference to a rational prescription of radiation dose. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed 13 @entity1 who were treated for posthysterectomy @entity8376 by the brachytherapy as the sole treatment. The brachytherapy was delivered by a remote-controlled afterloading intracavitary radiation system. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 62 years. The total dose of absorbed radiation was 36 and 30 Gy that was prescribed at 1.0-cm depth to the vaginal surface in 3 cases and at 40 and 30 Gy that was prescribed at 0.5-cm depth in 10 cases. All @entity1 had @entity3137 changes of mild to moderate grade. Three cases that were irradiated to a total dose of 30 Gy at 1.0-cm depth had @entity548 and/or macroscopic @entity811 . Complaints regarding sexual functioning were not found in this retrospective analysis. All @entity1 remain free of disease after a median follow-up period of 127 months. CONCLUSION: High dose-rate brachytherapy with a dose prescription at 0.5-cm depth can yield a promising rate of @entity5 control, with lower associated morbidity than that with a dose prescription at 1.0-cm depth in the treatment of posthysterectomy @entity8376 .

title: High dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy for XXXX occurring after hysterectomy: a rational prescription of radiation dose.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ of the vagina']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal mucosal radiation']

answer: @entity8376 :: (MESH:D014625,Disease) :: ['carcinoma in situ of the vagina']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: New peptide @entity70567 (pENW), initially extracted from snake venom, significantly attenuates the formation of arterial and venous thrombi in vivo, and has modest in-vitro antiplatelet activity. This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The @entity35 carotid @entity715 model induced by @entity24871 was established to evaluate the antithrombotic activity of pENW. The effects of pENW on the production of @entity842 (NO), as well as the expression and activity of endothelial @entity842 synthase (eNOS), were determined. The vasorelaxant effect of pENW was evaluated using isolated @entity35 aortic rings in the absence or presence of @entity6462 ( @entity6462 , eNOS inhibitor). Furthermore, the in-vitro antiplatelet activity of pENW was investigated with the addition of @entity1854 ( @entity4982 , NO donor) and/or @entity6462 to further prove the role of NO and eNOS in the inhibitory effect of pENW on @entity1423 . RESULTS: In vivo, pENW inhibited @entity715 formation induced by endothelial injury in a dose-dependent manner, with a significantly prolonged time to the occurrence of @entity432 . It was shown that pENW offered protection for blood vessels from oxidative injury. pENW significantly increased NO production in @entity35 treated with pENW at 4 or 2mg/kg body weight. Furthermore, the production of NO from the cultured vascular endothelial cells was increased with the treatment of 10(-4)M and 10(-5)M pENW; pENW also enhanced eNOS expression and activity both in vivo and in vitro, and elicited a concentration-dependent vasorelaxation which was significantly inhibited by @entity6462 . Notably, pENW inhibited @entity857 -induced @entity1423 , and the inhibition was more significant in the presence of NO. The inhibition of @entity1423 by pENW was significantly abolished by @entity6462 . CONCLUSIONS: The in-vivo antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of pENW are at least partly mediated by the increased production of endogenous NO via up-regulation and stimulation of eNOS. The findings suggest that pENW could potentially be developed as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of platelet-driven disorders.

title: Stimulation of XXXX production contributes to the antiplatelet and antithrombotic effect of new peptide pENW (pGlu-Asn-Trp).

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6462 :: ('D019331', 'Chemical') :: ['N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester', 'L-NAME']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The search for an empirically based @entity1314 typology has regained the interest of researchers. To date, however, empirical inquiries have mainly been cross-sectional. In this study, an empirically based developmental typology of @entity1314 was identified using data from a prospective longitudinal study of a sample of @entity1 adjudicated during their adolescence and assessed on four occasions until midlife. Cluster analyses were performed on measures of disinhibition, @entity549 , and extraversion. Four developmental types of @entity1314 were identified. The first was characterized by average scores in the three traits in adolescence that decreased linearly until midlife (39%). The second type displayed very high scores in disinhibition and @entity549 in adolescence that decreased rapidly during early adulthood (24%). The third type was characterized by very high scores in disinhibition and @entity549 that remained stable until midlife, while extraversion was average during adolescence and then decreased rapidly until midlife (17%). The fourth type was characterized by high scores in disinhibition and @entity549 in adolescence that was followed by cycles of decreases and increases until midlife (20%). These four developmental types of @entity1314 seemed to be related to known @entity10420 trajectories.

title: Searching for a developmental typology of @entity1314 and its relations to XXXX : a longitudinal study of an adjudicated @entity1 sample.

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['negative emotionality']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial behaviour']

answer: @entity10420 :: (MESH:D000987,Disease) :: ['antisocial behaviour']


abstract: The search for an empirically based @entity1314 typology has regained the interest of researchers. To date, however, empirical inquiries have mainly been cross-sectional. In this study, an empirically based developmental typology of @entity1314 was identified using data from a prospective longitudinal study of a sample of @entity1 adjudicated during their adolescence and assessed on four occasions until midlife. Cluster analyses were performed on measures of disinhibition, @entity549 , and extraversion. Four developmental types of @entity1314 were identified. The first was characterized by average scores in the three traits in adolescence that decreased linearly until midlife (39%). The second type displayed very high scores in disinhibition and @entity549 in adolescence that decreased rapidly during early adulthood (24%). The third type was characterized by very high scores in disinhibition and @entity549 that remained stable until midlife, while extraversion was average during adolescence and then decreased rapidly until midlife (17%). The fourth type was characterized by high scores in disinhibition and @entity549 in adolescence that was followed by cycles of decreases and increases until midlife (20%). These four developmental types of @entity1314 seemed to be related to known @entity10420 trajectories.

title: Searching for a developmental typology of XXXX and its relations to @entity10420 : a longitudinal study of an adjudicated @entity1 sample.

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality']


abstract: The search for an empirically based @entity1314 typology has regained the interest of researchers. To date, however, empirical inquiries have mainly been cross-sectional. In this study, an empirically based developmental typology of @entity1314 was identified using data from a prospective longitudinal study of a sample of @entity1 adjudicated during their adolescence and assessed on four occasions until midlife. Cluster analyses were performed on measures of disinhibition, @entity549 , and extraversion. Four developmental types of @entity1314 were identified. The first was characterized by average scores in the three traits in adolescence that decreased linearly until midlife (39%). The second type displayed very high scores in disinhibition and @entity549 in adolescence that decreased rapidly during early adulthood (24%). The third type was characterized by very high scores in disinhibition and @entity549 that remained stable until midlife, while extraversion was average during adolescence and then decreased rapidly until midlife (17%). The fourth type was characterized by high scores in disinhibition and @entity549 in adolescence that was followed by cycles of decreases and increases until midlife (20%). These four developmental types of @entity1314 seemed to be related to known @entity10420 trajectories.

title: Searching for a developmental typology of @entity1314 and its relations to @entity10420 : a longitudinal study of an adjudicated XXXX sample.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Interstitial and endocavitary brachytherapy are well-accepted kinds of radiotherapy that are commonly used in recurrent @entity135 . Most reports about brachytherapy in the successful treatment of @entity135 used low-dose-rate brachytherapy. There are only a few reports about high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) in @entity135 @entity1 . METHODS: After 10 years of experience with HDRBT with Ir 192, we have analyzed the results regarding response rates, survival time, and side effects. Between 1991 and 2000, 90 consecutive @entity1 (68 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ) were treated with interstitial (68 @entity1 ) or intracavitary (22 @entity1 ) HDRBT in the head and neck area. @entity5 locations were as follows: oropharynx (n = 26), tongue/floor of mouth (n = 22), nasopharynx (n = 10), nose/paranasal sinuses (n = 9), salivary glands (n = 5), hypopharynx (n = 5), @entity751 (n = 5), and others (n = 8). High-dose-rate brachytherapy was administered in 51 @entity1 with recurrent disease and in 32 @entity1 with @entity41 after primary radiochemotherapy. Seven @entity1 were given exclusive HDRBT in a primary palliative situation. The single dose per fraction ranged from 1.5 to 7.5 Gy (median value, 5 Gy), and the total HDRBT dose ranged from 4.0 to 42.0 Gy (median value, 17.5 Gy). RESULTS: The overall remission rate was 81% with a 46% rate of complete remissions. We observed no change in or progression of @entity5 in 17 cases (19%). The rate of complete remissions (and median overall survival time) was different in the three therapy groups: in case of recurrent disease, 28% (6 mo); in case of @entity41 , 84% (25 mo); and in primary palliative brachytherapy, 0% (1 mo). Late @entity137 III and IV (radiation treatment oncology group score) occurred in 6 of 90 (6.7%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: High-dose-rate brachytherapy proved to be an effective treatment modality in locoregional recurrent @entity135 . In cases with persistent or @entity41 after primary radiochemotherapy a local boost with brachytherapy can improve the chance of cure of @entity5 disease.

title: High-dose-rate brachytherapy in the treatment of recurrent and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['CUP syndrome']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['residual head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the outcomes of the surgical management of "isolated" displaced @entity174 , comparing the techniques of lateral plating and antiglide plating as described previously. DESIGN: This is a retrospective review, being largely a surgeon-randomized comparative study. SETTING: The study was carried out at a university teaching hospital that serves as a provincial @entity130 referral service and provides local community care. The senior surgeons are all orthopaedic @entity130 subspecialists. @entity1 : A total of 193 @entity1 meeting our inclusion criteria, with isolated lateral @entity174 surgically treated at the Vancouver General Hospital between 1987 and 1998, were studied. INTERVENTION: Eighty-five were treated with antiglide plating, whereas the remaining 108 @entity1 underwent traditional lateral plating. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The functional results were evaluated with the ankle scoring system described previously. We also compared the complication rates, including failure of fixation, @entity281 , wound @entity6783 , and need for hardware removal. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable for age, sex distribution, mechanism of injury, and occupation. There was no difference in ankle score, function, and @entity281 rate. The incidence of wound @entity6783 and reoperation for hardware removal was slightly higher in the lateral plate group, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of the surgical management of a displaced @entity1171 is comparable with both techniques. Although few studies have reported some advantages using the antiglide technique, our data do not support one technique over the other.

title: Surgical treatment of a displaced XXXX : the antiglide technique versus lateral plate fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['lateral malleolar fractures', 'malleolus fractures']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['lateral malleolus fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['lateral malleolus fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ultrasonic tissue characterization of epi-aortic vessels may be useful to define the composition of @entity731 . Videodensitometry provides a histogram representing the frequency distribution of gray levels corresponding to different compositions of the carotid wall. However, lack of standardization limits the clinical application of this technique. In the present study, the echoreflectivity (ER) pattern of @entity731 in vivo was compared with their histological pattern after surgical removal, and the reproducibility of measurement was tested. DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 19 @entity101 @entity1 with a @entity2998 stenosis >or= 70%, eligible for carotid thromboendarterectomy ( @entity1041 ). Before @entity1041 , all @entity1 underwent standard high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasound. ER parameters (mean gray level, @entity2611 , and kurtosis) were obtained in a region of interest selected along the whole plaque, between the intima-blood and the media-adventitia interfaces. The plaques removed during @entity1041 were examined by a histologist and classified into three groups on the basis of fibrous tissue (FT) content: lipidic (FT < 20%), fibrolipidic (20 <or= FT <or= 50%), and fibrous (FT > 50%). Discriminant function analysis was used to evaluate classification efficacy of different histological groups based on ER parameters. RESULTS: Histologically, five lesions were classified as lipidic, six as fibrolipidic and eight as fibrous. Analysis of variance showed significant between group differences in all ER parameters. The combined use of all ER parameters provided correct classification of plaques in 94.73% of cases (P < 0.0001), improving the classification made using single parameters. Intra-observer and inter-observer variabilities (Bland-Altman method) of mean gray level measurements were small. CONCLUSIONS: Videodensitometry can discriminate between tissue composition of @entity66 and complement the quantitative assessment of intima-media thickness by additionally providing a well-reproducible semiquantitative evaluation of vascular wall constituents.

title: Assessment of carotid plaque composition in XXXX @entity1 by ultrasonic tissue characterization: a validation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid lesions']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity2611 :: ('MESH:D005532', 'Disease') :: ['broad band, skewness']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ultrasonic tissue characterization of epi-aortic vessels may be useful to define the composition of @entity731 . Videodensitometry provides a histogram representing the frequency distribution of gray levels corresponding to different compositions of the carotid wall. However, lack of standardization limits the clinical application of this technique. In the present study, the echoreflectivity (ER) pattern of @entity731 in vivo was compared with their histological pattern after surgical removal, and the reproducibility of measurement was tested. DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 19 @entity101 @entity1 with a @entity2998 stenosis >or= 70%, eligible for carotid thromboendarterectomy ( @entity1041 ). Before @entity1041 , all @entity1 underwent standard high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasound. ER parameters (mean gray level, @entity2611 , and kurtosis) were obtained in a region of interest selected along the whole plaque, between the intima-blood and the media-adventitia interfaces. The plaques removed during @entity1041 were examined by a histologist and classified into three groups on the basis of fibrous tissue (FT) content: lipidic (FT < 20%), fibrolipidic (20 <or= FT <or= 50%), and fibrous (FT > 50%). Discriminant function analysis was used to evaluate classification efficacy of different histological groups based on ER parameters. RESULTS: Histologically, five lesions were classified as lipidic, six as fibrolipidic and eight as fibrous. Analysis of variance showed significant between group differences in all ER parameters. The combined use of all ER parameters provided correct classification of plaques in 94.73% of cases (P < 0.0001), improving the classification made using single parameters. Intra-observer and inter-observer variabilities (Bland-Altman method) of mean gray level measurements were small. CONCLUSIONS: Videodensitometry can discriminate between tissue composition of @entity66 and complement the quantitative assessment of intima-media thickness by additionally providing a well-reproducible semiquantitative evaluation of vascular wall constituents.

title: Assessment of carotid plaque composition in @entity101 XXXX by ultrasonic tissue characterization: a validation study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of @entity1771 as add-on, long-term therapy for treatment-resistant bipolar-spectrum disorders, 34 DSM-IV bipolar-spectrum @entity1 , including @entity162 (n = 28), @entity162 (n = 3), bipolar not otherwise specified (n = 2), and @entity914 @entity162 (n = 1), considered to be resistant to treatment with @entity1091 , @entity2049 , and @entity1092 , received increasing doses of @entity1771 as adjunctive therapy for their @entity162 (n = 17), @entity308 (n = 11), hypomanic (n = 3), or mixed (n = 3) symptoms. Outcome measures included the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAM-D), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) for Severity. @entity1 were followed up for 6 months. Twenty-five @entity1 (74%) completed the 6-month follow-up. Nine @entity1 (26%) dropped out early due to lost of follow-up (n = 4), worsening of symptoms (n = 2), side effects (n = 1), hospitalization due to intercurrent illness (n = 1), and noncompliance (n = 1). By intent-to-treat analysis, there was a significant reduction in YMRS, HAM-D, and CGI scores (p < 0.0001 for all measures at the endpoint) after the introduction of @entity1771 . Most therapeutic effects appeared between weeks 2 and 6. Fifty-nine percent of @entity162 @entity1 and 55% of @entity308 @entity1 were considered to be responders to the drug, which was well tolerated; only one @entity1 discontinued due to side effects. The most common side effect was paraesthesia (n = 2). Ten @entity1 experienced moderate @entity353 during the follow-up period. The mean @entity1771 dose at endpoint was 202 +/- 65 mg/day. These preliminary results indicate that adjunctive @entity1771 may be useful in the long-term treatment of @entity162 , even in the most difficult-to-treat @entity1 .

title: Use of @entity1771 in treatment-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar type', 'bipolar I', 'bipolar II', 'bipolar spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar spectrum disorders']


abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of @entity1771 as add-on, long-term therapy for treatment-resistant bipolar-spectrum disorders, 34 DSM-IV bipolar-spectrum @entity1 , including @entity162 (n = 28), @entity162 (n = 3), bipolar not otherwise specified (n = 2), and @entity914 @entity162 (n = 1), considered to be resistant to treatment with @entity1091 , @entity2049 , and @entity1092 , received increasing doses of @entity1771 as adjunctive therapy for their @entity162 (n = 17), @entity308 (n = 11), hypomanic (n = 3), or mixed (n = 3) symptoms. Outcome measures included the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAM-D), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) for Severity. @entity1 were followed up for 6 months. Twenty-five @entity1 (74%) completed the 6-month follow-up. Nine @entity1 (26%) dropped out early due to lost of follow-up (n = 4), worsening of symptoms (n = 2), side effects (n = 1), hospitalization due to intercurrent illness (n = 1), and noncompliance (n = 1). By intent-to-treat analysis, there was a significant reduction in YMRS, HAM-D, and CGI scores (p < 0.0001 for all measures at the endpoint) after the introduction of @entity1771 . Most therapeutic effects appeared between weeks 2 and 6. Fifty-nine percent of @entity162 @entity1 and 55% of @entity308 @entity1 were considered to be responders to the drug, which was well tolerated; only one @entity1 discontinued due to side effects. The most common side effect was paraesthesia (n = 2). Ten @entity1 experienced moderate @entity353 during the follow-up period. The mean @entity1771 dose at endpoint was 202 +/- 65 mg/day. These preliminary results indicate that adjunctive @entity1771 may be useful in the long-term treatment of @entity162 , even in the most difficult-to-treat @entity1 .

title: Use of XXXX in treatment-resistant @entity162 .

answer: @entity1771 :: (MESH:C052342,Chemical) :: ['topiramate']


abstract: @entity5607 ( @entity5607 ) is a well known @entity74 . Isolated exostoses, on the other hand, occur as sporadic events or as secondary post-traumatic sequel. The occurrence of solitary exostoses in individuals from pedigrees affected with @entity5607 may distort conclusions about carrier status and/or diagnosis. Both conditions are potentially malignant and both are associated with genetic alterations in either @entity18215 or @entity18216 genes. In this study, we present a seven-generation family from western Sweden consisting of 170 blood relatives, 38 of whom had multiple cartilaginous exostoses, while 8 had isolated exostoses. Linkage analysis aimed to discern one of the known @entity5608 genes demonstrated linkage of the @entity5607 phenotype to the @entity18216 gene. Subsequent mutation analysis revealed a novel mutation, @entity70568 , in this gene. All carriers of the detected mutation had multiple exostoses, indicating full penetrance. None of the pedigree members with isolated exostoses were carriers of the detected mutation. Two of the mutation carriers developed @entity511 yielding a 5.2% risk of malignant development for this mutation. The detection of this mutation has enabled us to provide appropriate genetic counseling concerning this complex situation.

title: Hereditary multiple and isolated sporadic exostoses in the same kindred: identification of the causative gene ( XXXX ) and detection of a new mutation, @entity70568 , that distinguishes the two phenotypes.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity70568 :: ('|DEL|112|NT,AT', 'DNAMutation') :: ['nt112delAT']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant hereditary orthopedic disorder']

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary multiple exostoses', 'HME']

answer: @entity18216 :: (2132,Gene) :: ['EXT2']


abstract: @entity5607 ( @entity5607 ) is a well known @entity74 . Isolated exostoses, on the other hand, occur as sporadic events or as secondary post-traumatic sequel. The occurrence of solitary exostoses in individuals from pedigrees affected with @entity5607 may distort conclusions about carrier status and/or diagnosis. Both conditions are potentially malignant and both are associated with genetic alterations in either @entity18215 or @entity18216 genes. In this study, we present a seven-generation family from western Sweden consisting of 170 blood relatives, 38 of whom had multiple cartilaginous exostoses, while 8 had isolated exostoses. Linkage analysis aimed to discern one of the known @entity5608 genes demonstrated linkage of the @entity5607 phenotype to the @entity18216 gene. Subsequent mutation analysis revealed a novel mutation, @entity70568 , in this gene. All carriers of the detected mutation had multiple exostoses, indicating full penetrance. None of the pedigree members with isolated exostoses were carriers of the detected mutation. Two of the mutation carriers developed @entity511 yielding a 5.2% risk of malignant development for this mutation. The detection of this mutation has enabled us to provide appropriate genetic counseling concerning this complex situation.

title: Hereditary multiple and isolated sporadic exostoses in the same kindred: identification of the causative gene ( @entity18216 ) and detection of a new mutation, XXXX , that distinguishes the two phenotypes.

answer: @entity70568 :: (|DEL|112|NT,AT,DNAMutation) :: ['nt112delAT']


abstract: Eighty kidneys (40 left and 40 right kidneys) of @entity95 were ablated using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), (14,300 W/cm(2), 1.0 MHz). Kidneys were randomly divided into two groups. HIFU was performed in the manner of linear scan in both groups. Prior to HIFU, normal saline solution and isovolumetric microbubble agent were administrated intravenously in groups I and II, respectively. HIFU was finished in all left kidneys and in 26/40 right ones. The therapeutic efficiency was reflected using @entity39 rate (cubic centimeters per second), which was the tissue volume of coagulative @entity39 per 1 s HIFU exposure. In both groups, predetermined volumes were damaged without harming overlying tissues. Necrosis rates were increased in group II both in left (0.0089+/-0.0107 vs. 0.0493+/-0.0777, P=0.0323) and in right (0.0039+/-0.0055 vs. 0.0162+/-0.0168, P=0.0248) kidneys. Pathological examinations confirmed that there were no intact tissue focuses within exposed regions in either group. These findings suggested that the microbubble agent improved the therapeutic efficiency of HIFU. @entity548 and @entity450 were also detected on the margin of the ablated tissues (both in cortex and medulla) in both groups.

title: A microbubble agent improves the therapeutic efficiency of high intensity focused ultrasound: a XXXX kidney study.

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity53 -induced male @entity329 @entity105 is a well-known experimental model of @entity1 @entity0 . The pathomechanism postulated in this model is 4-hydroxylation of @entity53 and further free radical formation. The same process is suspected in @entity1 @entity0 . Dynamic changes in protein peroxidation were reported during the @entity5 induction. In this paper we try to correlate the protein peroxidation markers with the histopathological progression of the changes. The biochemical and histopathological evaluations were performed after 1, 3, 6 and 9 months of the hormone exposition. Significant protein peroxidation was observed as soon as after 1 month and increased further until the 6th month. After 9 months however, it was not significantly different from the control. The discrete histopathological changes after 1 month, progressed into tubular and @entity1373 after 3 and 6 months. After 9 months several @entity6349 , sometimes with features of @entity189 in situ, were observed. The severe 9-month histopathological changes did not correlate with the protein peroxidation.

title: The correlation of protein peroxidation with morphological changes in experimental @entity53 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'cancer of the breast, ovary and uterus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', 'Oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic areas']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: @entity53 -induced male @entity329 @entity105 is a well-known experimental model of @entity1 @entity0 . The pathomechanism postulated in this model is 4-hydroxylation of @entity53 and further free radical formation. The same process is suspected in @entity1 @entity0 . Dynamic changes in protein peroxidation were reported during the @entity5 induction. In this paper we try to correlate the protein peroxidation markers with the histopathological progression of the changes. The biochemical and histopathological evaluations were performed after 1, 3, 6 and 9 months of the hormone exposition. Significant protein peroxidation was observed as soon as after 1 month and increased further until the 6th month. After 9 months however, it was not significantly different from the control. The discrete histopathological changes after 1 month, progressed into tubular and @entity1373 after 3 and 6 months. After 9 months several @entity6349 , sometimes with features of @entity189 in situ, were observed. The severe 9-month histopathological changes did not correlate with the protein peroxidation.

title: The correlation of protein peroxidation with morphological changes in experimental XXXX -induced @entity105 .

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of @entity1 with @entity174 have cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that may result in @entity149 . Commonly, CSF leak occurs following @entity130 , but the etiology and pattern of this disorder are different from region to region. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of CSF leak in @entity1 with maxillofacial @entity174 in Isfahan province, Iran. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 1,287 medical files of @entity1 admitted to a medical center with head and @entity130 were evaluated during a 7-year period (2004-2010). Data was obtained using descriptive analysis. RESULTS: Of the 1,278 @entity1 with head and maxillofacial @entity174 , 16 (1.25  %) males and one (0.07  %) female had CSF leak; all these cases had @entity174 . Of these, 52.9  % had maxillary @entity174 , 23.5  % nasal @entity174 , 41.1  % orbital @entity174 , 11.7  % mandibular @entity174 , 23.5  % frontal @entity174 , and 41.1  % had more than one site of @entity174 . 58.8  % had @entity5254 and 41.2  % @entity2972 . Of all these @entity1 with CSF leak, 8 (47  %), 2 (11.8  %), and 7 (41.2  %) cases were treated spontaneously, using lumbar drain placement, and by surgical intervention, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5173 was observed most frequently in @entity1 with @entity174 in the zygomatic and maxillary bone, and mostly exhibited itself as @entity5254 and/or @entity2972 . All cases with CSF leak had @entity174 as well. However, post-traumatic CSF leaks are uncommon and are generally treated without surgical intervention (59  %). Distribution of CSF leak varies from one region to another and knowing this fact helps to manage the injury and prevent the complications.

title: A 7-year study of 1,278 @entity1 with maxillofacial XXXX and @entity5173 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'skull base fracture', 'facial fractures']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis and other central nervous system complications']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['face injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of @entity1 with @entity174 have cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that may result in @entity149 . Commonly, CSF leak occurs following @entity130 , but the etiology and pattern of this disorder are different from region to region. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of CSF leak in @entity1 with maxillofacial @entity174 in Isfahan province, Iran. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 1,287 medical files of @entity1 admitted to a medical center with head and @entity130 were evaluated during a 7-year period (2004-2010). Data was obtained using descriptive analysis. RESULTS: Of the 1,278 @entity1 with head and maxillofacial @entity174 , 16 (1.25  %) males and one (0.07  %) female had CSF leak; all these cases had @entity174 . Of these, 52.9  % had maxillary @entity174 , 23.5  % nasal @entity174 , 41.1  % orbital @entity174 , 11.7  % mandibular @entity174 , 23.5  % frontal @entity174 , and 41.1  % had more than one site of @entity174 . 58.8  % had @entity5254 and 41.2  % @entity2972 . Of all these @entity1 with CSF leak, 8 (47  %), 2 (11.8  %), and 7 (41.2  %) cases were treated spontaneously, using lumbar drain placement, and by surgical intervention, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5173 was observed most frequently in @entity1 with @entity174 in the zygomatic and maxillary bone, and mostly exhibited itself as @entity5254 and/or @entity2972 . All cases with CSF leak had @entity174 as well. However, post-traumatic CSF leaks are uncommon and are generally treated without surgical intervention (59  %). Distribution of CSF leak varies from one region to another and knowing this fact helps to manage the injury and prevent the complications.

title: A 7-year study of 1,278 @entity1 with maxillofacial @entity130 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5173 :: (MESH:D065634,Disease) :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of @entity1 with @entity174 have cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that may result in @entity149 . Commonly, CSF leak occurs following @entity130 , but the etiology and pattern of this disorder are different from region to region. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of CSF leak in @entity1 with maxillofacial @entity174 in Isfahan province, Iran. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 1,287 medical files of @entity1 admitted to a medical center with head and @entity130 were evaluated during a 7-year period (2004-2010). Data was obtained using descriptive analysis. RESULTS: Of the 1,278 @entity1 with head and maxillofacial @entity174 , 16 (1.25  %) males and one (0.07  %) female had CSF leak; all these cases had @entity174 . Of these, 52.9  % had maxillary @entity174 , 23.5  % nasal @entity174 , 41.1  % orbital @entity174 , 11.7  % mandibular @entity174 , 23.5  % frontal @entity174 , and 41.1  % had more than one site of @entity174 . 58.8  % had @entity5254 and 41.2  % @entity2972 . Of all these @entity1 with CSF leak, 8 (47  %), 2 (11.8  %), and 7 (41.2  %) cases were treated spontaneously, using lumbar drain placement, and by surgical intervention, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5173 was observed most frequently in @entity1 with @entity174 in the zygomatic and maxillary bone, and mostly exhibited itself as @entity5254 and/or @entity2972 . All cases with CSF leak had @entity174 as well. However, post-traumatic CSF leaks are uncommon and are generally treated without surgical intervention (59  %). Distribution of CSF leak varies from one region to another and knowing this fact helps to manage the injury and prevent the complications.

title: A 7-year study of 1,278 XXXX with maxillofacial @entity130 and @entity5173 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of @entity56 caused by natural rubber latex (NRL) @entity566 are risks for health care workers. There are few published studies to suggest that intervention programs to reduce exposure will lead to primary prevention of sensitization. OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the effects of intervention to reduce the incidence of @entity2144 in personnel working in health care facilities insured by the German statutory accident insurance company for health care workers, Berufsgenossenschaft f  r Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege, with approximately 3 million insured employees, by switching to powder-free NRL gloves. METHODS: The timing of introduction of intervention strategies, such as education of both physicians and administrators, together with regulations demanding that health care facilities only purchase low-protein, powder-free NRL gloves are reported. We reviewed the annual numbers of reported suspected cases of NRL-caused @entity566 and the amount and type of gloves used in German acute-care hospitals since 1986. RESULTS: The purchase of powder-free NRL examination gloves exceeded that of powdered gloves for the first time in 1998. This only became true for powder-free NRL sterile gloves 2 years later in 2000. The incidence of suspected occupational @entity2144 cases rose until 1998 and has declined steadily since. There was a 2-year lag between the beginning of the decline in the purchase of powdered NRL examination gloves and the beginning of a decline in suspected NRL-caused occupational @entity565 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the effect of increased recognition of NRL @entity566 , education about NRL @entity566 in health care facilities combined with the introduction of powder-free gloves with reduced protein levels has been associated with a decline in the number of suspected cases of @entity566 caused by NRL in Germany on a nationwide scale. These results clearly indicate that primary prevention of occupational NRL @entity566 can be achieved if these straightforward and practical interventions are properly carried out and maintained.

title: Primary prevention of XXXX in the German health care system through education and intervention.

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'occupational allergies', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma and allergic skin reactions']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['NRL allergy']

answer: @entity2144 :: (MESH:D020315,Disease) :: ['natural rubber latex allergy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Post operative care of sutured wound is important after surgery. Sutured wounds within the oral cavity are kept clean through frequent rinses with either normal saline, @entity1216 mouth rinses, @entity273 diluted with saline, or fresh tap water. @entity1 AND METHODS: The @entity1 were randomised into 3 groups (A, B and C). The container used had 34 @entity1216 , 34 warm saline and 32 warm water mouth rinses. The latter served as control. All selected @entity1 had scaling and polishing done preoperatively when needed. All @entity1 in each group did not receive antibiotics but received analgesics ( @entity1443 1  g 8  h for 5  days,). RESULTS: There were 49 females and 51 males, in the age range between 18 and 50  years. Microorganisms were found to grow on sutures with streptococcus viridians predominating followed by staphylococcus epidermides. The effects of @entity1216 , warm saline and warm tap water mouth washes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: @entity1216 , warm salt water and warm tap water averagely produced the same number of @entity7495 , which shows that the three different mouth washes are equally effective as post-operative mouth rinses after oral surgery.

title: A prospective clinical evaluation of the effects of XXXX , warm saline mouth washes and microbial growth on intraoral sutures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine', 'Chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity7495 :: ('MESH:D017825', 'Disease') :: ['colony forming units of bacteria']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of alternative techniques of intubation in @entity1 sustaining @entity11253 , where nasotracheal intubation (NTI) is best avoided. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Alternative techniques to standard naso-tracheal intubation like submental intubation, orotracheal intubation-retrotuberosity/retromolar and missing dentition were used and variables of clinical outcome recorded. RESULTS: Submental intubation provides an unobstructed intraoral surgical field, avoids intraoperative and postoperative complications of tracheostomy, and overcomes the disadvantages of NTI. In our experience with submental intubation (6 cases), we only had complication related to @entity5274 apparatus like damage to pilot balloon. With retrotuberosity intubation (5 cases) we did not encounter any complications and the only limitations were bulbous maxillary tuberosity. Retromolar intubation (4 cases) a safe noninvasive technique has disadvantages like @entity5274 interference within the surgical field and not feasible in case of limited retromolar space. Orotracheal-missing dentition intubation (4 cases) is of great advantage i.e. it can be used in cases where NTI is contraindicated, no specialized skill required, no added cost, avoids the need for tracheostomy, no extra-oral procedures required and does not interfere with occlusion/MMF; with disadvantage of occasional @entity5274 interference within the surgical field. CONCLUSION: Preferred techniques of securing an airway like orotracheal, nasotracheal may not always be applicable, thus a @entity130 surgeon-anesthesist team should always have alternative techniques in their armamentarium to reduce the morbidity associated with these @entity1 without interference with occlusion, which is prime goal in jaw @entity174 reduction. We have used these techniques in a country with limited resources and found them equally effective and convenient to use.

title: Intubation techniques: preferences of maxillofacial XXXX surgeons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11253 :: ('MESH:D008446', 'Disease') :: ['maxillofacial injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The treatment of @entity814 ( @entity814 ) in @entity1 and adults has been difficult because of erosion of dietary adherence, leading to poor school performance, impairment of executive functioning, loss of IQ, and deterioration of white matter in the brain. Mutant @entity814 @entity19 produced by exposure to @entity330 ( @entity331 ) were used to examine the effect of large neutral @entity535 (LNAA) supplementation on brain and blood @entity815 ( @entity815 ). METHODS: @entity19 with @entity814 , genotype ENU 2/2 with features of classical @entity814 , were supplemented with LNAA while on a normal diet. Two dosages of LNAA were given 0.5 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg by gavage. Blood @entity815 was determined in the experimental, control, and sham-treated @entity19 . Brain @entity815 was determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy after @entity9901 extraction. Branched-chain @entity535 transferase (BCAT) was determined in brain as a marker for energy metabolism. RESULTS: Blood @entity815 was reduced in the LNAA-treated @entity19 by an average of 15% (0.5 g/kg) and 50% (1.0 g/kg) in 48 hours. There was a sustained decrease in the blood @entity815 levels over a 6-week trial. The untreated @entity19 and sham-treated @entity19 maintained high blood @entity815 throughout the experiments. Brain @entity815 level determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed a decline of 46% after the LNAA treatment. BCAT levels were lower (33%) in the ENU 2/2 @entity19 compared with wild-type. The BCAT normalized in @entity19 with @entity814 that were treated with LNAA. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that giving LNAA lowered brain and blood @entity815 levels in @entity19 with @entity814 . Energy metabolism generated from BCAT also improved in @entity19 with @entity814 after treatment with LNAA. Data from the @entity19 suggest that LNAA should be considered among the strategies to treat @entity814 in @entity1 .

title: Future role of large neutral amino acids in transport of XXXX into the brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ["N-ethyl-N'-nitrosourea"]

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['PKU', 'phenylketonuria']

entities_list: @entity9901 :: ('MESH:D010472', 'Chemical') :: ['perchloric acid']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe', 'phenylalanine']

answer: @entity815 :: (CHEBI:28044,Chemical) :: ['phenylalanine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2013 a @entity2462 outbreak occurred among Japanese @entity1 of working-age which resulted in 14,357 reported cases. The Japanese government subsequently recommended @entity2798 or @entity2462 antibody testing for young @entity1 (15-49 years of age) who were planning to conceive and for adult @entity1 , @entity1 , and other @entity1 in potential contact with pregnant @entity1 at home. However, the expense and time involved for vaccination, antibody testing and visiting a clinic may represent a major barrier to voluntary compliance among this busy demographic. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to examine potential relationships between the social background of Japanese working-age individuals affected by the 2013 @entity2798 campaign. METHODS: A web-based survey of 1,889 Japanese @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20-49 years was conducted in early 2014. Statistical analyses were used to explore the associations between social background and testing for @entity2462 antibody and / or vaccination uptake during the previous year. RESULTS: Twenty-four percent of respondents who were planning a pregnancy had been tested for @entity2462 antibody or vaccinated in 2013. However, among those without a current desire for pregnancy, 3% of @entity1 and 7% of @entity1 , respectively, were tested or vaccinated. Regardless of whether they were planning to conceive, testing for @entity2462 antibodies or vaccination was statistically associated with having acquaintances who had been vaccinated, understanding the government recommendations, and being able to confirm their lack of @entity2462 vaccination history using Maternal and @entity1 Health Handbook records in both @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: To help eliminate @entity2462 in Japan, additional initiatives need to target Japanese individuals who cannot envisage a direct benefit from vaccination. The results of this study suggest that disseminating the government recommendation to all potentially affected subpopulations, along with maintaining life-time vaccination records might offer a solution to encourage vaccination uptake among working-age adults in Japan, as elsewhere.

title: A Socio-Demographic Examination of Adults Responding to Governmental Vaccination Recommendations during the Japanese XXXX Outbreak of 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'children', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary vaccination']

answer: @entity2462 :: (MESH:D012409,Disease) :: ['Rubella']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) is a common disease with a high mortality rate that is difficult to diagnose and treat. Because of the variety of clinical symptoms and signs, it is difficult to diagnose. Therefore, the diagnosis of @entity1151 is mainly confirmed by imaging techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is any corelation of the Wells rule, D-dimer and LDH values with @entity358 ( @entity358 ) findings in @entity1151 diagnosis. MATERIAL/METHODS: A consecutive series of 62 @entity1 , which included 31 males and 31 females, with high/moderate/low risk of @entity887 according to @entity1151 score, selected from the emergency service and/or outpatient clinic, enrolled in this prospective study. The @entity1 with clinical or laboratory findings of elevated D-dimer level or elevated @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) level were suspected of @entity887 and underwent tomography. RESULTS: @entity1151 was detected in 26 @entity1 (42%). A significant difference was not detected between tomography finding positive and negative @entity887 in the @entity1 group in terms of age or gender distribution (P=0.221 and P=0.416, respectively). No significant difference was detected between tomography finding positive and negative @entity887 in the @entity1 group in terms of elevated LDH or/and D-dimer levels (P=0.263 and P=1.000, respectively). The distribution of low-risk-factor @entity1 in the @entity887 group, and the distribution of high-risk-factor @entity1 in the @entity887 -positive group was statistically significantly high (P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (P=0.053). Correlation test showed no correlation between LDH and D-dimer levels. (r=0.214, P=0.180). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, when a @entity1 presents with @entity662 , our carrying out LDH and D-Dimer tests will not exclude @entity1151 without @entity358 . However, we suggest that LDH isoenzymes should be studied in further research.

title: Comparison of multidetector computed tomography findings with clinical and laboratory data in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PTE', 'Pulmonary thromboembolism', 'Wells pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['non-embolism', 'embolisms', 'embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['computerized tomography pulmonary angiography', 'CTPA']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']


abstract: @entity282 management adheres to the principles of a three-step routine according to the WHO recommendations. This routine suggests the combination of a basic non-opioid (step I) with an opioid of low potency (step II) or high potency (step III). Non-opioids are routinely administered prior to an opioid. While i.v. application is the treatment of choice in the immediate postoperative course, a switch to @entity158 medication is preferred as early as possible. With oral opioid therapy preference should be given to slow release drugs. Intramuscular application of @entity158 medication has little place in @entity282 management. In order to lower the need for systemic @entity158 medication, @entity282 management is supplemented by regional anesthesia administered pre- or intraoperatively. Requirement for @entity158 medication beyond normal or increasing with postoperative time is suggestive of a postsurgical complication. Among the numerous drugs available for @entity282 management, the physician is advised to confine his selection of @entity158 medication to a limited number in order to gain superior knowledge of effects and side effects of the drugs administered.

title: [ XXXX therapy in orthopedics].

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['oral pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pain']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Evaporative @entity2194 is one of the most common types of @entity936 . It is often the result of chronic @entity409 ( @entity409 ) and associated @entity6509 . Evaporative @entity936 and @entity409 significantly reduce @entity1 's quality of life. Traditional treatments, such as artificial tears, warm compresses, and medications, such as topical @entity205 , @entity4580 , and oral @entity3403 , provide some relief; however, many @entity1 still suffer from @entity936 . Intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy, which has been used extensively in dermatology to treat chronic @entity272 , is a relatively new treatment in ophthalmology for @entity1 with evaporative @entity2194 . RECENT FINDINGS: There are very few studies published on the use of IPL in @entity1 with @entity2194 . The present review describes the theoretical mechanisms of IPL treatment of @entity409 and @entity6509 . Personal clinical experience and recently presented data are reported as well. SUMMARY: IPL therapy has promising results for evaporative @entity936 @entity1 . There are statistically significant improvements in clinical exam findings of @entity2194 . More importantly, @entity1 report subjective improvement in their symptoms. More research is needed in this area to help understand the mechanism of @entity2194 and how it can be effectively treated.

title: Intense pulsed light therapy for the treatment of evaporative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['MGD', 'meibomian gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye', 'dry eye symptoms']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin conditions']

entities_list: @entity6509 :: ('MESH:D012393', 'Disease') :: ['ocular rosacea']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['dry eye disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Review the pathogenesis of @entity4240 and provide an update on research currently underway that is aimed at treating and potentially curing this severe @entity272 . DESIGN: Review article. SETTING: Private practice and large teaching hospital. @entity1 : None. MEASUREMENTS: N/A. RESULTS: Currently, @entity1 with @entity4240 are managed with only supportive care. However, there are several promising new treatment avenues that may help @entity1 in the future. These include gene therapy, cell therapy, and protein-based therapy. Each approach offers distinct advantages and disadvantages. CONCLUSIONS: The advances in understanding the molecular basis for @entity2640 over the last few decades has led to significant progress in devising new treatment options. Though many of these approaches remain several years away from regular implementation, it is an exciting time for research in the field.

title: XXXX : a review of disease pathogenesis and update on future therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2640 :: ('MESH:D004820', 'Disease') :: ['epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity4240 :: ('MESH:D016108', 'Disease') :: ['recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorder']

answer: @entity4240 :: (MESH:D016108,Disease) :: ['Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Data on the agreement between aggregometry and platelet activation by flow cytometry regarding the measurement of on-treatment platelet reactivity to @entity1426 (AA) and @entity857 ( @entity857 ) are scarce. We therefore sought to compare three @entity1423 tests with flow cytometry for the assessment of the response to antiplatelet therapy. Platelet aggregation in response to AA and @entity857 was determined by light transmission aggregometry (LTA), the VerifyNow assays, and @entity156 ( @entity156 ) in 316 @entity1 receiving @entity117 and @entity1397 therapy after angioplasty with stent implantation. AA- and @entity857 -induced @entity8729 expression and activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa were determined by flow cytometry. LTA, the VerifyNow @entity3075 assay and @entity156 in response to @entity857 correlated significantly (all p<0.001), and the best correlation was observed between LTA and the VerifyNow @entity3075 assay (r = 0.63). @entity857 -induced platelet reactivity by all aggregation tests correlated significantly with @entity857 -induced @entity8729 expression and activated @entity1427 /IIIa (all p<0.001). The best correlation was seen between the VerifyNow @entity3075 assay and activated @entity1427 /IIIa (r = 0.68). The platelet surface expressions of @entity8729 and activated @entity1427 /IIIa in response to @entity857 were significantly higher in @entity1 with high on-treatment residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) to @entity857 by all test systems (all p<0.001). A rather poor correlation was observed between AA-induced platelet reactivity by LTA and the VerifyNow @entity117 assay (r = 0.15, p = 0.007), while both methods did not correlate with @entity156 . AA-induced platelet reactivity by all aggregation tests correlated significantly, but rather poorly with AA-induced @entity8729 expression (all p<0.05), while only AA-induced platelet reactivity by LTA correlated significantly with AA-induced activated @entity1427 /IIIa (r = 0.21, p<0.001). The platelet surface expression of @entity8729 in response to AA was significantly higher in @entity1 with HRPR by LTA AA and @entity156 (both p<0.02). In contrast, @entity8729 expression in response to AA was similar in @entity1 without and with HRPR by the VerifyNow @entity117 assay (p = 0.5), and platelet surface activated @entity1427 /IIIa in response to AA did not differ significantly between @entity1 without and with HRPR to AA by all test systems (all p>0.1). In conclusion, @entity857 -induced platelet reactivity by aggregometry translates partly into flow cytometry. In contrast, AA-induced platelet reactivity correlates poorly between different @entity1423 tests, and between aggregometry and flow cytometry. Overall, both approaches capture different aspects of platelet function and are therefore not interchangeable in the assessment of agonists  -induced platelet reactivity. Clinical outcome data are needed to determine which test systems and settings are associated with different in vivo consequences.

title: Comparison of Aggregometry with Flow Cytometry for the Assessment of Agonists  -Induced Platelet Reactivity in XXXX on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple electrode aggregometry', 'MEA AA', 'MEA']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In most @entity5 disturbed production of cytokines and of their receptors can be noted. The main immune system cells engaged in @entity5 regression with the involvement of cytokines include helper lymphocytes ( @entity1198 ), cytotoxic lymphocytes (Tc) and dendritic cells. It has been noted that cytokines are also produced by the cells of a @entity5 . The present study aimed at immunocytochemical localisation of cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12, @entity310 ) in @entity1892 in @entity1 (n = 10). The studies were performed on surgical material following formalin fixation and embedding in paraffin. The control material involved @entity1 reactive lymph nodes (n = 5). @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12 were detected in 4/10 examined cases. Expression of @entity1192 was highly pronounced, as in the control, and was detected in 6/9 examined @entity1 . No @entity310 could be demonstrated in @entity5 even if lymph node expression of the cytokine was demonstrated in the control. The studies pointed to a decreased production of antitumour cytokines in @entity1892 in @entity1 , which might correspond to the progression of the @entity5 .

title: Tissue expression of cytokines ( XXXX , @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12, @entity310 ) in @entity1892 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity1192 :: (3552,Gene) :: ['IL-1alpha']


abstract: In most @entity5 disturbed production of cytokines and of their receptors can be noted. The main immune system cells engaged in @entity5 regression with the involvement of cytokines include helper lymphocytes ( @entity1198 ), cytotoxic lymphocytes (Tc) and dendritic cells. It has been noted that cytokines are also produced by the cells of a @entity5 . The present study aimed at immunocytochemical localisation of cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12, @entity310 ) in @entity1892 in @entity1 (n = 10). The studies were performed on surgical material following formalin fixation and embedding in paraffin. The control material involved @entity1 reactive lymph nodes (n = 5). @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12 were detected in 4/10 examined cases. Expression of @entity1192 was highly pronounced, as in the control, and was detected in 6/9 examined @entity1 . No @entity310 could be demonstrated in @entity5 even if lymph node expression of the cytokine was demonstrated in the control. The studies pointed to a decreased production of antitumour cytokines in @entity1892 in @entity1 , which might correspond to the progression of the @entity5 .

title: Tissue expression of cytokines ( @entity1192 , XXXX , @entity650 , IL-12, @entity310 ) in @entity1892 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: In most @entity5 disturbed production of cytokines and of their receptors can be noted. The main immune system cells engaged in @entity5 regression with the involvement of cytokines include helper lymphocytes ( @entity1198 ), cytotoxic lymphocytes (Tc) and dendritic cells. It has been noted that cytokines are also produced by the cells of a @entity5 . The present study aimed at immunocytochemical localisation of cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12, @entity310 ) in @entity1892 in @entity1 (n = 10). The studies were performed on surgical material following formalin fixation and embedding in paraffin. The control material involved @entity1 reactive lymph nodes (n = 5). @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12 were detected in 4/10 examined cases. Expression of @entity1192 was highly pronounced, as in the control, and was detected in 6/9 examined @entity1 . No @entity310 could be demonstrated in @entity5 even if lymph node expression of the cytokine was demonstrated in the control. The studies pointed to a decreased production of antitumour cytokines in @entity1892 in @entity1 , which might correspond to the progression of the @entity5 .

title: Tissue expression of cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12, @entity310 ) in XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphomas']


abstract: In most @entity5 disturbed production of cytokines and of their receptors can be noted. The main immune system cells engaged in @entity5 regression with the involvement of cytokines include helper lymphocytes ( @entity1198 ), cytotoxic lymphocytes (Tc) and dendritic cells. It has been noted that cytokines are also produced by the cells of a @entity5 . The present study aimed at immunocytochemical localisation of cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12, @entity310 ) in @entity1892 in @entity1 (n = 10). The studies were performed on surgical material following formalin fixation and embedding in paraffin. The control material involved @entity1 reactive lymph nodes (n = 5). @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12 were detected in 4/10 examined cases. Expression of @entity1192 was highly pronounced, as in the control, and was detected in 6/9 examined @entity1 . No @entity310 could be demonstrated in @entity5 even if lymph node expression of the cytokine was demonstrated in the control. The studies pointed to a decreased production of antitumour cytokines in @entity1892 in @entity1 , which might correspond to the progression of the @entity5 .

title: Tissue expression of cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12, XXXX ) in @entity1892 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: In most @entity5 disturbed production of cytokines and of their receptors can be noted. The main immune system cells engaged in @entity5 regression with the involvement of cytokines include helper lymphocytes ( @entity1198 ), cytotoxic lymphocytes (Tc) and dendritic cells. It has been noted that cytokines are also produced by the cells of a @entity5 . The present study aimed at immunocytochemical localisation of cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12, @entity310 ) in @entity1892 in @entity1 (n = 10). The studies were performed on surgical material following formalin fixation and embedding in paraffin. The control material involved @entity1 reactive lymph nodes (n = 5). @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12 were detected in 4/10 examined cases. Expression of @entity1192 was highly pronounced, as in the control, and was detected in 6/9 examined @entity1 . No @entity310 could be demonstrated in @entity5 even if lymph node expression of the cytokine was demonstrated in the control. The studies pointed to a decreased production of antitumour cytokines in @entity1892 in @entity1 , which might correspond to the progression of the @entity5 .

title: Tissue expression of cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , XXXX , IL-12, @entity310 ) in @entity1892 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: In most @entity5 disturbed production of cytokines and of their receptors can be noted. The main immune system cells engaged in @entity5 regression with the involvement of cytokines include helper lymphocytes ( @entity1198 ), cytotoxic lymphocytes (Tc) and dendritic cells. It has been noted that cytokines are also produced by the cells of a @entity5 . The present study aimed at immunocytochemical localisation of cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12, @entity310 ) in @entity1892 in @entity1 (n = 10). The studies were performed on surgical material following formalin fixation and embedding in paraffin. The control material involved @entity1 reactive lymph nodes (n = 5). @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12 were detected in 4/10 examined cases. Expression of @entity1192 was highly pronounced, as in the control, and was detected in 6/9 examined @entity1 . No @entity310 could be demonstrated in @entity5 even if lymph node expression of the cytokine was demonstrated in the control. The studies pointed to a decreased production of antitumour cytokines in @entity1892 in @entity1 , which might correspond to the progression of the @entity5 .

title: Tissue expression of cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12, @entity310 ) in @entity1892 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 ( @entity356 ) is one of the most commonly diagnosed @entity5 worldwide. Two standard approaches for treatment of resectable @entity356 include adjuvant @entity1487 -based chemoradiotherapy [per Intergroup 0116 (INT-0116) trial and perioperative @entity1259 , @entity900 , @entity1487 (ECF) chemotherapy per Medical Research Council Adjuvant Gastric Infusional Chemotherapy (MAGIC) trial]. Controversy remains regarding the most appropriate treatment strategy to decrease recurrence rates and improve survival following surgery. The purpose of this study was to analyze how patterns of care for @entity1 with @entity356 treated at Emory University Hospital changed following publication of the MAGIC trial in 2006. METHODS: We analyzed a prospectively maintained database of 150 @entity1 who underwent resection for @entity356 between December 2000 and June 2013. @entity1 were divided into two cohorts, Early [2000-2006] and late [2007-2013]. The primary objective was to compare the number of @entity1 assigned to adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (aCRT) vs. perioperative chemotherapy (PC) throughout the study period and secondarily assess for recurrence patterns and survival outcomes for @entity1 assigned to those two strategies. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2013, 124 @entity1 received adjuvant therapy for @entity356 . Fifty-four @entity1 were treated with PC and 70 @entity1 with aCRT. The early cohort included 56 @entity1 , and the late cohort included 94 @entity1 . There was no statistical difference in the number of @entity1 receiving aCRT between the Early and Late cohorts [n=23 (50%) vs. 35 (38%) respectively, P=0.21]. PC increased from 2 @entity1 (3.6%) in the Early cohort to 32 @entity1 (34%) in the Late cohort (P<0.001). Four-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 32.6% for the Early cohort and 68.8% for the Late cohort (P=0.010). Overall recurrence rate was 25.3% with no significant difference in rates of recurrence seen between the Early and Late cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: PC has become more prevalent in @entity1 treated at Emory following publication of the MAGIC trial in 2006. @entity1349 , but not recurrence rates, has also improved since publication. Although improved survival is suggestive of improved care, the question of optimal treatment regimen remains open. Further prospective comparisons of PC and aCRT are needed to identify @entity1 and disease parameters that may guide therapy selection.

title: Radiotherapy patterns of care in XXXX : a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['GAC', 'Gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The epididymis is an @entity342 -dependent organ. The hormones regulate the morphology and secretory activity of the epididymal epithelial cells. The cells in vitro resume their function as in vivo and also reveal features of steroidogenic cells. It can be expected that, as with Leydig cells, the morphology and function of the cells can be regulated by LH/ @entity3566 . The aim of the study was to assess the morphology of epididymal epithelial cells in vitro after stimulation with @entity3566 . The experiment was performed on cells isolated from sexually mature @entity35 . The epididymal epithelial cells were cultured in a medium with the addition of @entity586 ( @entity587 ). Moreover, the cells were cultured in the medium with @entity587 and without @entity587 but enriched with @entity3566 . The epididymal epithelial cells cultured with @entity587 formed a monolayer and accumulated glycogen, a PAS-positive substance and lipid droplets. The cells cultured without @entity587 were stellate in shape and low in glycogen and PASpositive substance but they contained lipid droplets. The morphology of epididymal epithelial cells cultured without @entity587 but after stimulation with @entity3566 was similar to the morphology of the cells cultured with @entity587 . This was the first sign that the morphology of the cells can be influenced by @entity3566 .

title: Effect of XXXX on the morphology of @entity35 epididymal epithelial cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity3566 :: (3342,Gene) :: ['hCG']


abstract: The epididymis is an @entity342 -dependent organ. The hormones regulate the morphology and secretory activity of the epididymal epithelial cells. The cells in vitro resume their function as in vivo and also reveal features of steroidogenic cells. It can be expected that, as with Leydig cells, the morphology and function of the cells can be regulated by LH/ @entity3566 . The aim of the study was to assess the morphology of epididymal epithelial cells in vitro after stimulation with @entity3566 . The experiment was performed on cells isolated from sexually mature @entity35 . The epididymal epithelial cells were cultured in a medium with the addition of @entity586 ( @entity587 ). Moreover, the cells were cultured in the medium with @entity587 and without @entity587 but enriched with @entity3566 . The epididymal epithelial cells cultured with @entity587 formed a monolayer and accumulated glycogen, a PAS-positive substance and lipid droplets. The cells cultured without @entity587 were stellate in shape and low in glycogen and PASpositive substance but they contained lipid droplets. The morphology of epididymal epithelial cells cultured without @entity587 but after stimulation with @entity3566 was similar to the morphology of the cells cultured with @entity587 . This was the first sign that the morphology of the cells can be influenced by @entity3566 .

title: Effect of @entity3566 on the morphology of XXXX epididymal epithelial cells in vitro.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the quantitative DTI parameters of the CST in @entity1 suffering from @entity11 affecting the CST using generally available navigation software. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 22 subjects with diagnosis of primary @entity13 and preoperative @entity51 . Exclusion criteria were: involvement of motor cortex, lesion involving both hemispheres, previous surgical treatment. All @entity1 were studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences. Volume, fractional anisotropy (FA) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) of the entire CSTs were estimated. Moreover, distance from midline, diameters, FA and @entity1893 were calculated on axial images at the point of minimal distance between @entity5 and CST. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference of CST volume between affected and non-affected hemispheres (p<0.01). Mean overall/local FA, overall/local @entity1893 and sagittal diameter of CST were also significantly different between the two sides (p<0.05). Correlation tests resulted positive between the shift of CST and overall/local @entity1893 . Moreover there is significance between CST volume of @entity5 hemisphere and preoperative duration of @entity51 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study has demonstrated for the first time a significant difference of DTI based quantitative parameters of the CST between a @entity5 affected and a non-affected hemisphere in @entity1 with a corresponding motor deficit. This preliminary data suggests a correlation between DTI based integrity of CST and its function.

title: Assessment of quantitative corticospinal tract diffusion changes in @entity1 affected by XXXX using common available navigation software.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral glioma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical gliomas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['mean diffusivity value', 'MD']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['subcortical gliomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the quantitative DTI parameters of the CST in @entity1 suffering from @entity11 affecting the CST using generally available navigation software. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 22 subjects with diagnosis of primary @entity13 and preoperative @entity51 . Exclusion criteria were: involvement of motor cortex, lesion involving both hemispheres, previous surgical treatment. All @entity1 were studied using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequences. Volume, fractional anisotropy (FA) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) of the entire CSTs were estimated. Moreover, distance from midline, diameters, FA and @entity1893 were calculated on axial images at the point of minimal distance between @entity5 and CST. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference of CST volume between affected and non-affected hemispheres (p<0.01). Mean overall/local FA, overall/local @entity1893 and sagittal diameter of CST were also significantly different between the two sides (p<0.05). Correlation tests resulted positive between the shift of CST and overall/local @entity1893 . Moreover there is significance between CST volume of @entity5 hemisphere and preoperative duration of @entity51 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study has demonstrated for the first time a significant difference of DTI based quantitative parameters of the CST between a @entity5 affected and a non-affected hemisphere in @entity1 with a corresponding motor deficit. This preliminary data suggests a correlation between DTI based integrity of CST and its function.

title: Assessment of quantitative corticospinal tract diffusion changes in XXXX affected by @entity11 using common available navigation software.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Bioelectronic sensors, which combine microchip and biological components, are an emerging technology in clinical diagnostic testing. An electronic detection platform using DNA biochip technology (eSensor) is under development for molecular diagnostic applications. Owing to the novelty of these devices, demonstrations of their successful use in practical diagnostic applications are limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of the eSensor bioelectronic method in the validation of 6 @entity9653 -transformed blood lymphocyte cell lines with clinically important mutations for use as sources of genetic material for positive controls in clinical molecular genetic testing. Two cell lines carry mutations in the @entity5174 gene ( @entity1577 ), and 4 carry mutations in the @entity14398 gene ( @entity9595 ). DESIGN: Samples from each cell line were sent for genotype determination to 6 different molecular genetic testing facilities, including the laboratory developing the DNA biochips. In addition to the bioelectronic method, at least 3 different molecular diagnostic methods were used in the analysis of each cell line. Detailed data were collected from the DNA biochip output, and the genetic results were compared with those obtained using the more established methods. RESULTS: We report the successful use of 2 applications of the bioelectronic platform, one for detection of @entity5174 mutations and the other for detection of @entity14398 mutations. In all cases, the results obtained with the DNA biochip were in concordance with those reported for the other methods. Electronic signal output from the DNA biochips clearly differentiated between mutated and wild-type alleles. This is the first report of the use of the @entity1577 detection platform. CONCLUSIONS: Bioelectronic sensors for the detection of disease-causing mutations performed well when used in a "real-life" situation, in this case, a validation study of positive control blood lymphocyte cell lines with mutations of public health importance. This study illustrates the practical potential of emerging bioelectronic DNA detection technologies for use in current molecular diagnostic applications.

title: Bioelectronic sensor technology for detection of XXXX and @entity9595 mutations.

entities_list: @entity9653 :: ('10376', 'Species') :: ['Epstein-Barr virus']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Bioelectronic sensors, which combine microchip and biological components, are an emerging technology in clinical diagnostic testing. An electronic detection platform using DNA biochip technology (eSensor) is under development for molecular diagnostic applications. Owing to the novelty of these devices, demonstrations of their successful use in practical diagnostic applications are limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of the eSensor bioelectronic method in the validation of 6 @entity9653 -transformed blood lymphocyte cell lines with clinically important mutations for use as sources of genetic material for positive controls in clinical molecular genetic testing. Two cell lines carry mutations in the @entity5174 gene ( @entity1577 ), and 4 carry mutations in the @entity14398 gene ( @entity9595 ). DESIGN: Samples from each cell line were sent for genotype determination to 6 different molecular genetic testing facilities, including the laboratory developing the DNA biochips. In addition to the bioelectronic method, at least 3 different molecular diagnostic methods were used in the analysis of each cell line. Detailed data were collected from the DNA biochip output, and the genetic results were compared with those obtained using the more established methods. RESULTS: We report the successful use of 2 applications of the bioelectronic platform, one for detection of @entity5174 mutations and the other for detection of @entity14398 mutations. In all cases, the results obtained with the DNA biochip were in concordance with those reported for the other methods. Electronic signal output from the DNA biochips clearly differentiated between mutated and wild-type alleles. This is the first report of the use of the @entity1577 detection platform. CONCLUSIONS: Bioelectronic sensors for the detection of disease-causing mutations performed well when used in a "real-life" situation, in this case, a validation study of positive control blood lymphocyte cell lines with mutations of public health importance. This study illustrates the practical potential of emerging bioelectronic DNA detection technologies for use in current molecular diagnostic applications.

title: Bioelectronic sensor technology for detection of @entity1577 and XXXX mutations.

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['hereditary hemochromatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in pathogenesis of @entity731 and @entity455 . We hypothesized that @entity1476 might be a susceptibility gene for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity6 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between C(-1306)T functional polymorphism in the @entity1476 gene and risk of @entity65 in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: We examined 1090 @entity1 with T2DM and 612 controls. All subjects were genotyped for the C(-1306)T polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction analysis. RESULTS: A significant @entity393 allele frequency was observed in @entity1 with @entity65 versus those with no @entity65 (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.36-0.52, p<0.0001). In contrast, OR for CC genotype was 2.19 (1.79-2.68, p<0.0001), conferring 2-fold greater odds for @entity65 . When the distribution of C(-1306)T was compared in subgroups with different clinical phenotypes of @entity65 , @entity1 with @entity64 had the lowest frequency of T allele (6% vs. 11%), compared to entire @entity65 + group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: T2DM @entity1 carrying the T allele of @entity1476 C(-1306)T polymorphism have a significantly reduced risk of @entity65 . The C(-1306)T polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to @entity64 in T2DM @entity1 .

title: XXXX ( @entity1476 ) gene polymorphism and cardiovascular comorbidity in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of T']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1476 :: (4313,Gene) :: ['Matrix metalloproteinase-2']