abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with severe @entity603 were reviewed for an average of 59.6 months after surgical synovectomy to record radiographic progression of arthropathic changes, frequency of @entity5631 , and range of motion. There were 12 knees and five elbows in the study. Most joints showed some radiographic progression of the @entity2720 . In aged @entity1 , two knees progressed to end-stage disease. The frequency of @entity5631 was greatly decreased in all joints and especially in the elbow. Range of motion was preserved for most knees but was reduced significantly for the elbow. Three of five elbows had additional procedures. This factor may be responsible, in part, for lost motion in the elbow as compared to the relatively good results in the knee having had true synovectomy. While the incidence of bleeding is significantly decreased after surgical synovectomy, it is not necessarily associated with a cessation of the progression of joint pathology. Reduced incidence of @entity548 following postsurgical synovectomy may serve to delay reconstructive operations until a later period in life. Eventually, the disease proceeds to end-stage @entity2720 as joint function correspondingly decreases with age. Early surgical synovectomy for intractable chronic @entity603 is recommended as a useful measure in the management of @entity2720 . @entity1 should be treated conservatively with therapeutic doses of factor concentrate replacement for a reasonable period of time in an effort to obviate surgical treatment.

title: Synovectomy in XXXX . A retrospective review of 17 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis', 'hemophilic synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilic arthropathy', 'arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity5631 :: ('MESH:D006395', 'Disease') :: ['hemarthroses']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Peabody Developmental Gross Motor Scale ( @entity7419 ) as an evaluative measure of @entity1 receiving physical therapy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity1 who attended an early intervention program (N = 124) were grouped by diagnosis: @entity306 , @entity1467 , @entity1276 , preterm with @entity245 , full term with @entity245 , and other. The @entity7419 was administered to each @entity1 three times over a 6-month period by a therapist who did not provide treatment. RESULTS: Mean scaled scores and age-equivalent scores increased for each group. Individual change was examined using the reliable change index. The results indicated that the change in total raw score for 62% of the @entity1 was greater than what could be attributed to measurement error. When minimal clinically important change was defined as 10 scaled score points, the index of responsiveness was equal to 0.5. This finding indicates that a sample size of 68 subjects per group would be needed when the @entity7419 is used as an outcome measure in research. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The mean change scores for each group support the use of the @entity7419 as an evaluative measure. For many @entity1 , particularly @entity1 with @entity306 , the @entity7419 was not responsive to change over a 6-month period. The index of responsiveness suggests that the @entity7419 should be used only as an outcome measure in large clinical trials. The @entity7419 is not recommended for evaluating the direct effects of physical therapy but is recommended for providing a global measure of change in motor development as part of a multidimensional assessment.

title: Validity of the Peabody Developmental Gross Motor Scale as an evaluative measure of XXXX receiving physical therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Six cases of acute postdiscectomy @entity1971 (C.E.S.) following lumbar discectomy were reviewed retrospectively in a series of 2842 lumbar discectomies over a ten-year period. Five cases had coexisting @entity612 at the level of the disc protrusion. The @entity612 was not decompressed at the time of discectomy. Inadequate decompression played a role in the @entity16 postoperation. The cause of the sixth case is unknown. Bowel and bladder recovery was good when the cauda equina decompressed early; sensory recovery was universally good, and motor recovery was poor if a severe deficit had developed before decompression. Careful review of the preoperative myelogram to rule out spinal stenosis and @entity850 at discectomy are recommended for prevention of postoperative C.E.S. Urgent decompression of postoperative C.E.S. is advisable if compression of the cauda equina is confirmed radiographically.

title: XXXX : a complication of lumbar discectomy.

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['decompression of bony stenosis']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['bony spinal stenosis']

answer: @entity1971 :: (MESH:D011128,Disease) :: ['Cauda equina syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increase of @entity1980 ( @entity1980 ) has been described in blood mononuclear white cells of @entity1 with @entity483 ( @entity483 ). This study was intended to search for the putative relationship between @entity112 and @entity1980 in inflammatory cells. MATERIAL/METHODS: The @entity1 monocyte cell line U-937 was used as a model of blood mononuclear leucocytes. @entity1980 activity was determined as the increase of @entity268 degradation, which is specifically inhibited by @entity7428 . Intracellular @entity268 content was measured and correlated to @entity1980 activity. RESULTS: 1 microM @entity112 produced a 2- to 3-fold selective increase in @entity1980 activity in U-937 cells after 4 hours of incubation. Enzyme activation was reversible, concentration- and time dependent. @entity1880 (10 microM) prevented @entity112 -induced stimulation of @entity1980 . The H2-receptor antagonist, @entity5616 , but not the H1-receptor antagonist, @entity3933 , prevented @entity112 -induced activation of @entity1980 in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of @entity268 degradation in the presence of @entity112 plus rolipram after 4 h of incubation further increased @entity268 levels and @entity1980 activity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity112 -induced stimulation of @entity1980 is mediated by the H2 receptor and related to intracellular levels of @entity268 . AMPc enhancement of the cyclic @entity377 levels may trigger expression and synthesis of this enzyme.

title: @entity112 up-regulates phosphodiesterase IV activity in U-937 cells through H2 receptor stimulation and XXXX increase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Gene') :: ['phosphodiesterase 4', 'PDE4']

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['rolipram']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increase of @entity1980 ( @entity1980 ) has been described in blood mononuclear white cells of @entity1 with @entity483 ( @entity483 ). This study was intended to search for the putative relationship between @entity112 and @entity1980 in inflammatory cells. MATERIAL/METHODS: The @entity1 monocyte cell line U-937 was used as a model of blood mononuclear leucocytes. @entity1980 activity was determined as the increase of @entity268 degradation, which is specifically inhibited by @entity7428 . Intracellular @entity268 content was measured and correlated to @entity1980 activity. RESULTS: 1 microM @entity112 produced a 2- to 3-fold selective increase in @entity1980 activity in U-937 cells after 4 hours of incubation. Enzyme activation was reversible, concentration- and time dependent. @entity1880 (10 microM) prevented @entity112 -induced stimulation of @entity1980 . The H2-receptor antagonist, @entity5616 , but not the H1-receptor antagonist, @entity3933 , prevented @entity112 -induced activation of @entity1980 in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of @entity268 degradation in the presence of @entity112 plus rolipram after 4 h of incubation further increased @entity268 levels and @entity1980 activity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity112 -induced stimulation of @entity1980 is mediated by the H2 receptor and related to intracellular levels of @entity268 . AMPc enhancement of the cyclic @entity377 levels may trigger expression and synthesis of this enzyme.

title: XXXX up-regulates phosphodiesterase IV activity in U-937 cells through H2 receptor stimulation and @entity268 increase.

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['Histamine']


abstract: @entity3 has become a serious problem in clinical practice, but the actual factor that confers virulence on the fungus has not been thoroughly elucidated. To identify and isolate the immunosuppressive substances produced by the fungus, the bioactivity of culture filtrates was assessed, and analyses of the culture filtrates were carried out. Culture filtrates from different strains of @entity54 were assessed for their effect on @entity1 polymorphonuclear leukocytes and @entity19 macrophages. To assess their activities in vivo, their effect on the survival of @entity19 infected by the fungus was also studied. Subsequently, the composition of the culture filtrates was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analyses revealed that the culture filtrates contained @entity20403 at concentrations of 3 to 4 microgram/ml, and some other unidentified compounds. The bioactivities of the culture filtrates were similar to those of @entity20403 . The fungal culture filtrate reduced the survival of infected @entity19 , but the filtrate itself did not cause the @entity204 of @entity19 . However, all the bioactivities could not be accounted for by @entity20403 itself. These results indicate that @entity20403 in the culture filtrates may be responsible for part of the immunosuppressive activity, but some other components produced by A. fumigatus contribute, in an additive or synergistic manner, to the virulence of the fungus.

title: Immunosuppressive substances in XXXX culture filtrate.

entities_list: @entity20403 :: ('MESH:D005912', 'Chemical') :: ['gliotoxin']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive aspergillosis']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: The induction of @entity74 was investigated by culturing diploid @entity375 @entity375 D7 cells continuously at radiation levels ranging from 0.383 microSv/h to 1.275 @entity2073 /h by selecting appropriate concentrations of tritiated water in the growth medium. These radiation levels correspond to 3-10,000 times the natural background. Parameters such as growth kinetics, gene conversion frequency at background radiation and after a challenging dose of acute gamma-radiation or alkylating agent @entity2482 ( @entity2482 ) were assessed. The gene conversion frequency in most of the assays was in the range of 5-10 convertants per 10(6) cells, as in the case of controls. However, a number of the cultures showed conversion frequencies above 20 per 10(6) viable cells. This stochastic phenomenon occurred more frequently in cells which were incubated at higher radiation levels and for longer durations. This suggests that radiation is responsible for the phenomenon. When subculturing continued beyond 900 h, gene conversion frequencies reverted back to normal values in all cultures in spite of elevated background radiation levels, thus suggesting an adaptive response. The generation time of the cells was 78 min in all cultures irrespective of the radiation level. The response of the cells cultured at elevated background radiation levels to subsequent challenging treatment with gamma-radiation or @entity2482 was identical to that of the control cultures. Our results suggest that in eukaryotic @entity375 , low-level radiation may induce an adaptive response to chronic radiation, whereas no such response could be detected when the cells were challenged with acute high-dose exposure or with @entity2482 .

title: Induction of gene conversion in XXXX cells continuously cultured at high radiation background.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity2482 :: ('MESH:D008769', 'Chemical') :: ['MNNG', "N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic damage']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: The six haem groups of the @entity3542 reductase enzyme isolated from @entity23585 are rapidly reduced by the addition of @entity6857 ( @entity72890 ). The reduction, however, is not homogeneous. Two of the haem groups, namely those that show spectral characteristics typical of five-co-ordinated haem groups, are reduced in a @entity6857 -concentration-dependent fashion with a rate limit of 1.5 S-1. The other four haem groups, which show spectral characteristics very similar to those of normal six-co-ordinate c-haem groups, reduce in a linear @entity6857 -concentration-dependent manner with a second-order rate constant of 150 M-1/2 X S-1. The ratio of the amplitudes of the two reduction phases observed in stopped-flow studies is found to be dependent on the concentration of @entity6857 used. A model is proposed to account for these observations, and computer simulations show that the model represents a good fit to the experimental data. The two haem groups with five-co-ordinate spectral characteristics bind CO. Flash photolysis of the CO complex exhibits one major recombination process with a linear @entity734 in rate on CO concentration with a second-order rate constant of 2 X 10(6) M-1 X S-1. By contrast, stopped-flow mixing of the reduced protein with CO shows a very complex pattern of combination, with most of the observed absorbance change associated with a concentration-independent step. These findings are rationalized in terms of structural changes in the protein consequent to ligand binding.

title: Kinetic studies on the @entity3542 reductase of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity6857 :: ('MESH:D004227', 'Chemical') :: ['dithionite']

entities_list: @entity23585 :: ('844', 'Species') :: ['Wolinella succinogenes']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity23585 :: (844,Species) :: ['Wolinella succinogenes']


abstract: The six haem groups of the @entity3542 reductase enzyme isolated from @entity23585 are rapidly reduced by the addition of @entity6857 ( @entity72890 ). The reduction, however, is not homogeneous. Two of the haem groups, namely those that show spectral characteristics typical of five-co-ordinated haem groups, are reduced in a @entity6857 -concentration-dependent fashion with a rate limit of 1.5 S-1. The other four haem groups, which show spectral characteristics very similar to those of normal six-co-ordinate c-haem groups, reduce in a linear @entity6857 -concentration-dependent manner with a second-order rate constant of 150 M-1/2 X S-1. The ratio of the amplitudes of the two reduction phases observed in stopped-flow studies is found to be dependent on the concentration of @entity6857 used. A model is proposed to account for these observations, and computer simulations show that the model represents a good fit to the experimental data. The two haem groups with five-co-ordinate spectral characteristics bind CO. Flash photolysis of the CO complex exhibits one major recombination process with a linear @entity734 in rate on CO concentration with a second-order rate constant of 2 X 10(6) M-1 X S-1. By contrast, stopped-flow mixing of the reduced protein with CO shows a very complex pattern of combination, with most of the observed absorbance change associated with a concentration-independent step. These findings are rationalized in terms of structural changes in the protein consequent to ligand binding.

title: Kinetic studies on the XXXX reductase of @entity23585 .

answer: @entity3542 :: (CHEBI:16301,Chemical) :: ['nitrite']


abstract: @entity189 is very rare with atypical glandular features, that may appear initially as a chalazion formation and then invades the neighbouring tissues. PURPOSE: Demonstration of the importance of surgical excision and histological examination in presence of an apparently harmless tumoral alteration of the eyelids and verifying every case of atypical lesion of the eyelid region. Case presentation No. 1: We report a case of 76-year old @entity1 @entity1 suffering from chronical blepharoconjunctivitis and chronical chalazion many times simply performed excochleation. Histopathological finding of the excision of the @entity5 showed the presence of @entity189 Meibomian gland (stage G2), the @entity1 refused exenteration and died in 2 month interval. Case presentation No. 2.: 65-year old @entity1 with @entity189 .sin. (T3 N2 M0) in 1998 after hemiglossectomia, resectionem baseos oris 1.sin. and radiotherapy, came to our clinic with exoftalm and @entity5 in his right orbit in @entity1178 2001. CT found @entity5 3 x 2 x 2 cm. In September 2001 orbitotomia bicoronalis 1.sin., extirpatio TU orbitae 1.sin. histologically verified karcinoma of Meibomain gland, @entity1 without any problems after operation and radiotherapy.

title: [ XXXX arising from a Meibomian gland].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma of the Meibomian gland of the eyelid', 'carcinoma linguae 1', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the eyelid']


abstract: Bangladesh suffered the century's worst flood during July-October 1998 and appealed for assistance. To provide information for appropriate interventions to tackle nutritional problems, a rapid assessment survey was conducted to look at the nutritional situation, problems encountered by the community, their coping mechanisms and rehabilitation priorities in six rural areas. The survey was repeated after four months to measure the outcome of activities during the flood and the necessity for future assistance. There were 3,048 @entity1 measured in both surveys (1,597 and 1,451). The sample of most interest was a sub-group of 180 @entity1 present in two previous independent surveys. The analysis found that while moving from the crisis period to post-flood phase there was evidence of a 'crossover phenomenon' in the recovery pattern of nutritional status. Sixty-eight per cent of the @entity1 who were malnourished (WHZ < -2SD) during the crisis period (18 per cent) recovered enough to cross the cut-off point and became normal after four months. Another 8 per cent of @entity1 (9 per cent of all normal) who were normal during the crisis period, after four months had deteriorated to be malnourished. Thus, despite there being a shift in the overall distribution of nutritional status, there has been another shift that reduced the net effect. Subsequent episodes of @entity294 , access to food and loan burden had also influenced the recovery pattern of the @entity1 's nutritional status as evident from the statistically significant associations. These findings raise questions about targeting acute @entity3147 during emergencies, and using the same criteria during both the crisis and rehabilitation phases.

title: The 1998 flood in Bangladesh: is different targeting needed during emergencies and recovery to tackle XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the procedural safety and in-hospital and long-term effectiveness of heparin-coated Jostents after failed thrombolysis in acute @entity583 . We prospectively analyzed the acute and long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes of 35 consecutive @entity1 treated with heparin-coated Jostents for @entity177 . Rescue coronary stenting was successful in 34 of 35 @entity1 (97%). Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade 3 was obtained in 31 @entity1 (88.5%). The only @entity1 with procedural failure died from @entity1455 a day after the procedure. One @entity1 (2.8%) underwent an emergency coronary bypass operation because of angiographic evidence of stent @entity715 with re- @entity1188 . During in-hospital follow-up, 2 @entity1 (5.7%) underwent an elective coronary bypass operation after successful stent implantation of the @entity1188 because of existing severe multivessel @entity453 . Minor @entity548 complications at the vascular access site occurred in 3 (8.6%) @entity1 . No cerebrovascular or any other major @entity548 complication occurred. One @entity1 (2.1%) underwent repeat coronary angioplasty for @entity256 and an elective coronary artery bypass operation was performed in one @entity1 (2.8%) during the 294 +/- 150 days follow-up. The rate of target vessel revascularization was 14.3% and the event-free survival rate was 80%. Twenty-six @entity1 (90%) had angiographic follow-up at six months, and stent @entity256 was found in 5 (19.2%). This study demonstrates that heparin-coated Jostents are sale, with low in-hospital and long-term mortality rates for the treatment of failed thrombolysis in acute @entity583 . The angiographic @entity256 and target vessel revascularization rates of this registry are also acceptable.

title: Rescue coronary stenting with heparin-coated Jostents for failed thrombolysis in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['thrombolytic failure']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Microcalcifications containing @entity692 (HA) are often associated with malignant @entity1 breast lesions. Frequently, they are the only mammographic features that indicate the presence of a @entity5 . We previously reported the induction of both mitogenesis and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production and the increased activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) @entity1476 and @entity1495 in normal @entity1 mammary epithelial cells and @entity0 cell lines, treated with HA. In the present study we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of these biological effects. Firstly, we found that direct cell-crystal contact was required for induction of mitogenesis as the effect was not merely a result of isotopic exchange of @entity460 into the culture medium. Treatment with @entity7999 , a proton pump inhibitor, abrogated HA-induced mitogenesis to control cell levels. These results suggest that phagocytosis and intracellular crystal dissolution is required for HA-induced mitogenesis. We also demonstrated that the increase in @entity1421 , previously reported, is due, at least in part, to HA-induced upregulation of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) in Hs578T cells. An accumulation of @entity3334 mRNA was also shown in response to HA stimulation in Hs578T cells. Furthermore, a HA-induced increase in @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), a potent inducer of @entity3334 gene expression, was demonstrated in Hs578T cells at 2 and 4 h. Treatment with @entity63886 (PC) (a naturally occurring inhibitor of @entity78 crystallisation, which is known to block a number of HA-induced biological effects in other cell types) blocked HA-mediated mitogenesis, as well as, @entity3840 , @entity3334 and @entity1356 induction, at the transcriptional level. These results show that @entity460 HA crystals are capable of exerting significant biological effects on surrounding cells which can be abrogated by PC and emphasise the role of @entity460 HA in amplifying the pathological process involved in @entity0 .

title: @entity63886 inhibits @entity692 induced mitogenesis and upregulation of @entity3334 , XXXX and @entity3840 mRNA in @entity1 @entity0 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumoural lesion']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity63886 :: ('MESH:C014148', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocitrate']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7999 :: ('MESH:C040929', 'Chemical') :: ['bafilomycin A1']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['interleukin-1beta']


abstract: Microcalcifications containing @entity692 (HA) are often associated with malignant @entity1 breast lesions. Frequently, they are the only mammographic features that indicate the presence of a @entity5 . We previously reported the induction of both mitogenesis and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production and the increased activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) @entity1476 and @entity1495 in normal @entity1 mammary epithelial cells and @entity0 cell lines, treated with HA. In the present study we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of these biological effects. Firstly, we found that direct cell-crystal contact was required for induction of mitogenesis as the effect was not merely a result of isotopic exchange of @entity460 into the culture medium. Treatment with @entity7999 , a proton pump inhibitor, abrogated HA-induced mitogenesis to control cell levels. These results suggest that phagocytosis and intracellular crystal dissolution is required for HA-induced mitogenesis. We also demonstrated that the increase in @entity1421 , previously reported, is due, at least in part, to HA-induced upregulation of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) in Hs578T cells. An accumulation of @entity3334 mRNA was also shown in response to HA stimulation in Hs578T cells. Furthermore, a HA-induced increase in @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), a potent inducer of @entity3334 gene expression, was demonstrated in Hs578T cells at 2 and 4 h. Treatment with @entity63886 (PC) (a naturally occurring inhibitor of @entity78 crystallisation, which is known to block a number of HA-induced biological effects in other cell types) blocked HA-mediated mitogenesis, as well as, @entity3840 , @entity3334 and @entity1356 induction, at the transcriptional level. These results show that @entity460 HA crystals are capable of exerting significant biological effects on surrounding cells which can be abrogated by PC and emphasise the role of @entity460 HA in amplifying the pathological process involved in @entity0 .

title: @entity63886 inhibits @entity692 induced mitogenesis and upregulation of @entity3334 , @entity1356 and XXXX mRNA in @entity1 @entity0 cell lines.

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: Microcalcifications containing @entity692 (HA) are often associated with malignant @entity1 breast lesions. Frequently, they are the only mammographic features that indicate the presence of a @entity5 . We previously reported the induction of both mitogenesis and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production and the increased activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) @entity1476 and @entity1495 in normal @entity1 mammary epithelial cells and @entity0 cell lines, treated with HA. In the present study we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of these biological effects. Firstly, we found that direct cell-crystal contact was required for induction of mitogenesis as the effect was not merely a result of isotopic exchange of @entity460 into the culture medium. Treatment with @entity7999 , a proton pump inhibitor, abrogated HA-induced mitogenesis to control cell levels. These results suggest that phagocytosis and intracellular crystal dissolution is required for HA-induced mitogenesis. We also demonstrated that the increase in @entity1421 , previously reported, is due, at least in part, to HA-induced upregulation of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) in Hs578T cells. An accumulation of @entity3334 mRNA was also shown in response to HA stimulation in Hs578T cells. Furthermore, a HA-induced increase in @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), a potent inducer of @entity3334 gene expression, was demonstrated in Hs578T cells at 2 and 4 h. Treatment with @entity63886 (PC) (a naturally occurring inhibitor of @entity78 crystallisation, which is known to block a number of HA-induced biological effects in other cell types) blocked HA-mediated mitogenesis, as well as, @entity3840 , @entity3334 and @entity1356 induction, at the transcriptional level. These results show that @entity460 HA crystals are capable of exerting significant biological effects on surrounding cells which can be abrogated by PC and emphasise the role of @entity460 HA in amplifying the pathological process involved in @entity0 .

title: @entity63886 inhibits XXXX induced mitogenesis and upregulation of @entity3334 , @entity1356 and @entity3840 mRNA in @entity1 @entity0 cell lines.

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['calcium hydroxyapatite']


abstract: Microcalcifications containing @entity692 (HA) are often associated with malignant @entity1 breast lesions. Frequently, they are the only mammographic features that indicate the presence of a @entity5 . We previously reported the induction of both mitogenesis and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production and the increased activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) @entity1476 and @entity1495 in normal @entity1 mammary epithelial cells and @entity0 cell lines, treated with HA. In the present study we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of these biological effects. Firstly, we found that direct cell-crystal contact was required for induction of mitogenesis as the effect was not merely a result of isotopic exchange of @entity460 into the culture medium. Treatment with @entity7999 , a proton pump inhibitor, abrogated HA-induced mitogenesis to control cell levels. These results suggest that phagocytosis and intracellular crystal dissolution is required for HA-induced mitogenesis. We also demonstrated that the increase in @entity1421 , previously reported, is due, at least in part, to HA-induced upregulation of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) in Hs578T cells. An accumulation of @entity3334 mRNA was also shown in response to HA stimulation in Hs578T cells. Furthermore, a HA-induced increase in @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), a potent inducer of @entity3334 gene expression, was demonstrated in Hs578T cells at 2 and 4 h. Treatment with @entity63886 (PC) (a naturally occurring inhibitor of @entity78 crystallisation, which is known to block a number of HA-induced biological effects in other cell types) blocked HA-mediated mitogenesis, as well as, @entity3840 , @entity3334 and @entity1356 induction, at the transcriptional level. These results show that @entity460 HA crystals are capable of exerting significant biological effects on surrounding cells which can be abrogated by PC and emphasise the role of @entity460 HA in amplifying the pathological process involved in @entity0 .

title: @entity63886 inhibits @entity692 induced mitogenesis and upregulation of XXXX , @entity1356 and @entity3840 mRNA in @entity1 @entity0 cell lines.

answer: @entity3334 :: (4312,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-1']


abstract: Microcalcifications containing @entity692 (HA) are often associated with malignant @entity1 breast lesions. Frequently, they are the only mammographic features that indicate the presence of a @entity5 . We previously reported the induction of both mitogenesis and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production and the increased activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) @entity1476 and @entity1495 in normal @entity1 mammary epithelial cells and @entity0 cell lines, treated with HA. In the present study we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of these biological effects. Firstly, we found that direct cell-crystal contact was required for induction of mitogenesis as the effect was not merely a result of isotopic exchange of @entity460 into the culture medium. Treatment with @entity7999 , a proton pump inhibitor, abrogated HA-induced mitogenesis to control cell levels. These results suggest that phagocytosis and intracellular crystal dissolution is required for HA-induced mitogenesis. We also demonstrated that the increase in @entity1421 , previously reported, is due, at least in part, to HA-induced upregulation of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) in Hs578T cells. An accumulation of @entity3334 mRNA was also shown in response to HA stimulation in Hs578T cells. Furthermore, a HA-induced increase in @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), a potent inducer of @entity3334 gene expression, was demonstrated in Hs578T cells at 2 and 4 h. Treatment with @entity63886 (PC) (a naturally occurring inhibitor of @entity78 crystallisation, which is known to block a number of HA-induced biological effects in other cell types) blocked HA-mediated mitogenesis, as well as, @entity3840 , @entity3334 and @entity1356 induction, at the transcriptional level. These results show that @entity460 HA crystals are capable of exerting significant biological effects on surrounding cells which can be abrogated by PC and emphasise the role of @entity460 HA in amplifying the pathological process involved in @entity0 .

title: XXXX inhibits @entity692 induced mitogenesis and upregulation of @entity3334 , @entity1356 and @entity3840 mRNA in @entity1 @entity0 cell lines.

answer: @entity63886 :: (MESH:C014148,Chemical) :: ['Phosphocitrate']


abstract: Microcalcifications containing @entity692 (HA) are often associated with malignant @entity1 breast lesions. Frequently, they are the only mammographic features that indicate the presence of a @entity5 . We previously reported the induction of both mitogenesis and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production and the increased activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) @entity1476 and @entity1495 in normal @entity1 mammary epithelial cells and @entity0 cell lines, treated with HA. In the present study we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of these biological effects. Firstly, we found that direct cell-crystal contact was required for induction of mitogenesis as the effect was not merely a result of isotopic exchange of @entity460 into the culture medium. Treatment with @entity7999 , a proton pump inhibitor, abrogated HA-induced mitogenesis to control cell levels. These results suggest that phagocytosis and intracellular crystal dissolution is required for HA-induced mitogenesis. We also demonstrated that the increase in @entity1421 , previously reported, is due, at least in part, to HA-induced upregulation of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) in Hs578T cells. An accumulation of @entity3334 mRNA was also shown in response to HA stimulation in Hs578T cells. Furthermore, a HA-induced increase in @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), a potent inducer of @entity3334 gene expression, was demonstrated in Hs578T cells at 2 and 4 h. Treatment with @entity63886 (PC) (a naturally occurring inhibitor of @entity78 crystallisation, which is known to block a number of HA-induced biological effects in other cell types) blocked HA-mediated mitogenesis, as well as, @entity3840 , @entity3334 and @entity1356 induction, at the transcriptional level. These results show that @entity460 HA crystals are capable of exerting significant biological effects on surrounding cells which can be abrogated by PC and emphasise the role of @entity460 HA in amplifying the pathological process involved in @entity0 .

title: @entity63886 inhibits @entity692 induced mitogenesis and upregulation of @entity3334 , @entity1356 and @entity3840 mRNA in @entity1 XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Microcalcifications containing @entity692 (HA) are often associated with malignant @entity1 breast lesions. Frequently, they are the only mammographic features that indicate the presence of a @entity5 . We previously reported the induction of both mitogenesis and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production and the increased activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) @entity1476 and @entity1495 in normal @entity1 mammary epithelial cells and @entity0 cell lines, treated with HA. In the present study we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of these biological effects. Firstly, we found that direct cell-crystal contact was required for induction of mitogenesis as the effect was not merely a result of isotopic exchange of @entity460 into the culture medium. Treatment with @entity7999 , a proton pump inhibitor, abrogated HA-induced mitogenesis to control cell levels. These results suggest that phagocytosis and intracellular crystal dissolution is required for HA-induced mitogenesis. We also demonstrated that the increase in @entity1421 , previously reported, is due, at least in part, to HA-induced upregulation of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) in Hs578T cells. An accumulation of @entity3334 mRNA was also shown in response to HA stimulation in Hs578T cells. Furthermore, a HA-induced increase in @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), a potent inducer of @entity3334 gene expression, was demonstrated in Hs578T cells at 2 and 4 h. Treatment with @entity63886 (PC) (a naturally occurring inhibitor of @entity78 crystallisation, which is known to block a number of HA-induced biological effects in other cell types) blocked HA-mediated mitogenesis, as well as, @entity3840 , @entity3334 and @entity1356 induction, at the transcriptional level. These results show that @entity460 HA crystals are capable of exerting significant biological effects on surrounding cells which can be abrogated by PC and emphasise the role of @entity460 HA in amplifying the pathological process involved in @entity0 .

title: @entity63886 inhibits @entity692 induced mitogenesis and upregulation of @entity3334 , @entity1356 and @entity3840 mRNA in XXXX @entity0 cell lines.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the results of an endoscopic follow-up assistance protocol for @entity14 ( @entity14 ) after curative surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1994 and 1996, 205 @entity1 with @entity14 were submitted to curative surgery in our hospital. An endoscopic follow-up was proposed to the @entity1 based on an endoscopy six months following surgery, in the case they did not have a complete endoscopy prior to surgery, or one year after surgery if they did, another one two years later, and a third endoscopy between the third and fifth year. We retrospectively analyzed the follow-up outcome and endoscopic findings. RESULTS: 155 @entity1 were submitted to follow-up, of which 74,2% completed the protocol. 3 @entity5 , 4 @entity254 relapses and 2 @entity5 were detected. Curative surgery was performed on 100% of the @entity5 , 50% of the relapses and 50% of the @entity5 . 48.3% and 20.6% of the @entity1 had synchronous and @entity1127 , respectively. 14.7% of the @entity1127 were larger than 1 cm, 21.7% and 4.8% were tubulovillous and villous, respectively, and 3.7% had severe @entity1141 . Finally, @entity1 with @entity1127 had higher risk of developing @entity1127 (RR 7.1, CI 95% 2.3; 22.2, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity6523 with high risk of @entity5 or relapses detected by colonoscopy is low in our series. On the other hand, the detection of @entity1127 during follow-up was related to the presence of @entity1127 .

title: Endoscopic follow-up of @entity1 after curative surgery for XXXX : results of a medical assistance protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous polyps', 'polyps', 'synchronous polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant degeneration, metachronous tumours', 'metachronous tumours', 'synchronous tumours']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the results of an endoscopic follow-up assistance protocol for @entity14 ( @entity14 ) after curative surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1994 and 1996, 205 @entity1 with @entity14 were submitted to curative surgery in our hospital. An endoscopic follow-up was proposed to the @entity1 based on an endoscopy six months following surgery, in the case they did not have a complete endoscopy prior to surgery, or one year after surgery if they did, another one two years later, and a third endoscopy between the third and fifth year. We retrospectively analyzed the follow-up outcome and endoscopic findings. RESULTS: 155 @entity1 were submitted to follow-up, of which 74,2% completed the protocol. 3 @entity5 , 4 @entity254 relapses and 2 @entity5 were detected. Curative surgery was performed on 100% of the @entity5 , 50% of the relapses and 50% of the @entity5 . 48.3% and 20.6% of the @entity1 had synchronous and @entity1127 , respectively. 14.7% of the @entity1127 were larger than 1 cm, 21.7% and 4.8% were tubulovillous and villous, respectively, and 3.7% had severe @entity1141 . Finally, @entity1 with @entity1127 had higher risk of developing @entity1127 (RR 7.1, CI 95% 2.3; 22.2, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity6523 with high risk of @entity5 or relapses detected by colonoscopy is low in our series. On the other hand, the detection of @entity1127 during follow-up was related to the presence of @entity1127 .

title: Endoscopic follow-up of XXXX after curative surgery for @entity14 : results of a medical assistance protocol.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We tested normal young and elderly adults and elderly @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity1 on recognition memory for tunes. In Experiment 1, @entity195 @entity1 and age-matched controls received a study list and an old/new recognition test of highly familiar, traditional tunes, followed by a study list and test of novel tunes. The controls performed better than did the @entity195 @entity1 . The controls showed the "mirror effect" of increased hits and reduced false alarms for traditional versus novel tunes, whereas the @entity1 false-alarmed as often to traditional tunes as to novel tunes. Experiment 2 compared young adults and healthy elderly @entity1 using a similar design. Performance was lower in the elderly group, but both younger and older subjects showed the mirror effect. Experiment 3 produced confusion between preexperimental familiarity and intraexperimental familiarity by mixing traditional and novel tunes in the study lists and tests. Here, the subjects in both age groups resembled the @entity1 of Experiment 1 in failing to show the mirror effect. Older subjects again performed more poorly, and they differed qualitatively from younger subjects in setting stricter criteria for more nameable tunes. Distinguishing different sources of global familiarity is a factor in tune recognition, and the data suggest that this type of source monitoring is impaired in @entity195 and involves different strategies in younger and older adults.

title: Recognition of familiar and unfamiliar melodies in normal aging and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: The progressive increase in @entity1 with @entity3851 has lengthend the waiting- list for liver transplantation. Unfortunately this has not been followed by a suitable increase in the number of donors. The expanding "donor pool" has required use of "marginal" donors (ICU stay > 10 days, sepsi; @entity1560 > 30-40%, @entity3489 > 155 mmol/L, inotropic drugs). We report the case of a skier who remained for more than 1 hour in @entity1576 under the snow; the 49-year-old @entity1 was extracted from the snow after 1 hour and 12 minutes and found to be @entity1167 , fixed @entity2300 and deep @entity2332 (27.2 degrees C). After cardiopulmonary resuscitation, partial cardio-respiratory activity was re-established. In the ICU severe @entity2332 (26.7 degrees C) was treated with extracorporeal circulation until a re-establishment of satisfactory cardio-circulatory conditions was obtained. Unfortunately cerebral @entity1620 was established and multiorgan procurement performed 3 days later. After liver transplantation into a 59 year-old @entity1 with PNC-C was performed. The course was uneventful and the @entity1 was discharged on the 19th postoperative day. CONCLUSIONS: Organ procurement from donors involved in accidental traumatic events with @entity1576 and @entity2332 , is similar to the non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) condition. Correct cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the use of extracorporeal circulation for gradual restoration of body temperature are necessary for optimal organ perfusion. In the present case the anoxic insult induced by the cessation of the cardio-respiratory function, was probably mitigated (if not even annulled) by the @entity2332 .

title: Extreme marginal donor: severe XXXX as a rare preservation condition for explantable organs--a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['anoxic cerebral death']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['asystolic']

entities_list: @entity3489 :: ('MESH:D006955', 'Disease') :: ['hypernatremia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: We report a case of primary @entity3554 (PDLG) in a 76-year-old male presenting with @entity911 , @entity4653 , @entity892 , @entity158 and @entity10 of recent onset. Neurological examination revealed @entity2003 and bilateral sixth @entity129 . The cerebrospinal fluid showed a marked hyperproteinorachia (4711 mg/L) and mild cytorachia (5-10 leucocytes/mm3) with a few atypical lymphoid cells. On admission, brain CT scan and MRI demonstrated diffuse and nodular leptomeningeal contrast enhancement predominant at the skull base and several @entity690 in the right parietal bone. Extensive serological studies for infectious, autoimmune or @entity5 were negative. The work-up diagnosis was @entity7993 or multiple meningeal and osseous metastases of an unknown primary @entity5 . Surgical biopsy of the right parietal @entity79 showed only fibrous tissue with no evidence of @entity5 or @entity32 . The @entity1 was treated with high dose @entity288 but its neurological status progressively worsened and he died of @entity1174 35 days after admission. Post-mortem examination revealed a PDLG, a rare @entity5 with about 60 cases reported. PDGL is characterized by the diffusion of neoplastic glial cells throughout the leptomeninges without evidence of a primary intra-parenchymal lesion. Recognition of this rare @entity1313 is important as recent reports suggest that radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve @entity1 survival.

title: Primary XXXX : an autopsy case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['nuchal rigidity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer', 'fatal tumour', 'neoplastic diseases']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity7993 :: ('MESH:C535814', 'Disease') :: ['neurosarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbal pain']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity3554 :: (MESH:D008577,Disease) :: ['diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity61519 is defined as a cyst that originates by the separation of the follicle from around the crown of an unerupted tooth. The clinical examination reveals a missing tooth or teeth and possibly a @entity4 , sometimes resulting in @entity7439 and possible pathologic @entity174 . A large maxillary cyst involves the whole sinus and can transmit pressure to the walls of the sinus and, consequently, cause ophthalmologic and nasal symptoms to develop. OBJECTIVES: To report the case of an extensive @entity61519 with swelling of the right cheek, accompanied by @entity8968 . CASE REPORT: A 21-year-old @entity1 presented with swelling of the right cheek, right-sided @entity8968 , and watering of the right eye. Panoramic radiography revealed a relatively large and well-defined radiolucency enveloping an unerupted maxillary @entity235 tooth. Computed tomography scan showed a @entity5409 measuring 5.2 cm horizontally, 4.3 cm vertically, and 4 cm sagittally, with expansion and erosion of the anterosinus cortical bone. The mass was seen to extend into the right half of the nasal cavity up to the right ethmoid air cells, and was in contact with the base of the skull. The bony margins of the right maxillary antrum were thinned out, the osteomeatal complex was pushed medially-superiorly, and the pterygoid plates were intact. Excision of the @entity61519 of the right maxilla was performed using the Caldwell-Luc approach under general anesthesia. CONCLUSION: A @entity61519 arising from an unerupted tooth should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity735 , and @entity292 of the gingivobuccal sulcus.

title: A case of an extensive dentigerous cyst in the maxillary sinus leading to epiphora and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hard swelling']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction, watering or epiphora of the eye']

entities_list: @entity61519 :: ('MESH:D003803', 'Disease') :: ['dentigerous cyst']

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetry']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral nasal obstruction and epiphora', 'nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity8968 :: (MESH:D015508,Disease) :: ['nasal obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to obtain representative data on the risk factors, diagnosis, current management, and short-term outcome of neonatal @entity715 . RESEARCH DESIGN: A case registry was established at McMaster University. Standardized questionnaires were mailed to collaborators at participating centers every 4 to 6 months. SETTING: Eighty-five level III and modified level II neonatal units in North America, Europe, and Australia were invited to join the registry. @entity1 : Eligible @entity1 were born between January 1990 and June 1993. Large-vessel @entity715 was diagnosed during the first month of life or up to 44 weeks post-conception after premature birth. The clinical impression of @entity715 was confirmed using at least one imaging technique. RESULTS: Physicians in 64 centers expressed their willingness to participate. A total of 97 cases (excluding @entity64 ) were registered from 29 centers. Spontaneous @entity49 (n = 21) was diagnosed at a median age of 2 days. The other venous (n = 39), arterial (n = 33), and mixed (n = 4) @entity715 presented later; 89% of them were associated with an intravascular catheter and 29% with @entity281 . Doppler ultrasonography was the definitive diagnostic test in 68% of cases; contrast angiography was performed infrequently (14%). A third of all @entity1 (but 62% of @entity1 with @entity49 ) received supportive therapy only. Thrombolytic agents were prescribed for 28% of catheter-associated @entity1150 and 30% of all arterial @entity715 . The remainder of the @entity1 were given heparin. Most @entity1 (82%) survived to hospital discharge. Mortality rates were highest among @entity1 with aortic @entity715 or central venous line-associated @entity715 affecting the right atrium or the superior vena cava (33%). CONCLUSIONS: Neonatal @entity715 is diagnosed fairly rarely. With the exception of spontaneous @entity49 , almost all cases are associated with indwelling catheters. Doppler ultrasound techniques are the most popular means of confirming the diagnosis in virtually all centers. Treatment varies greatly among different centers, probably because of the lack of scientific evidence about the optimum management of affected @entity1 .

title: Neonatal XXXX : report of a prospective Canadian and international registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['renal venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic vessel obstruction']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity146 provoked by @entity935 agonists often go undetected in clinical series, especially if not specifically inquired about. AIM: To determine the frequency of @entity146 in a @entity191 ( @entity191 ) clinic where agonist-treated @entity1 were routinely asked about such aberrant behaviors. METHODS: We utilized the Mayo Health Science Research database to ascertain all @entity191 @entity1 taking a @entity935 agonist over a two year period (2007-2009). All were seen by a Mayo-Rochester Movement Disorders Staff specialist who routinely inquired about behavior compulsions. RESULTS: Of 321 @entity191 @entity1 taking an agonist, 69 (22%) experienced @entity146 , and 50/321 (16%) were pathologic. However, when the analysis was restricted to @entity1 taking agonist doses that were at least minimally therapeutic, pathological behaviors were documented in 24%. The subtypes were: gambling (25; 36%), hypersexuality (24; 35%), compulsive spending/shopping (18; 26%), binge eating (12; 17%), compulsive hobbying (8; 12%) and compulsive computer use (6; 9%). The vast majority of affected cases (94%) were concurrently taking carbidopa/levodopa. Among those with adequate followup, behaviors completely or partly resolved when the @entity935 agonist dose was reduced or ceased. CONCLUSIONS: @entity935 agonist treatment of @entity191 carries a substantial risk of pathological behaviors. These occurred in 16% of agonist-treated @entity1 ; however, when assessing @entity1 whose dose was at least minimally in the therapeutic range, the frequency jumped to 24%. @entity11532 and hypersexuality were most common. Carbidopa/levodopa therapy taken concurrently with a @entity935 agonist appeared to be an important risk factor.

title: XXXX agonist-triggered pathological behaviors: surveillance in the @entity191 clinic reveals high frequencies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['compulsive behaviors', 'Compulsive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['Pathological gambling']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity146 provoked by @entity935 agonists often go undetected in clinical series, especially if not specifically inquired about. AIM: To determine the frequency of @entity146 in a @entity191 ( @entity191 ) clinic where agonist-treated @entity1 were routinely asked about such aberrant behaviors. METHODS: We utilized the Mayo Health Science Research database to ascertain all @entity191 @entity1 taking a @entity935 agonist over a two year period (2007-2009). All were seen by a Mayo-Rochester Movement Disorders Staff specialist who routinely inquired about behavior compulsions. RESULTS: Of 321 @entity191 @entity1 taking an agonist, 69 (22%) experienced @entity146 , and 50/321 (16%) were pathologic. However, when the analysis was restricted to @entity1 taking agonist doses that were at least minimally therapeutic, pathological behaviors were documented in 24%. The subtypes were: gambling (25; 36%), hypersexuality (24; 35%), compulsive spending/shopping (18; 26%), binge eating (12; 17%), compulsive hobbying (8; 12%) and compulsive computer use (6; 9%). The vast majority of affected cases (94%) were concurrently taking carbidopa/levodopa. Among those with adequate followup, behaviors completely or partly resolved when the @entity935 agonist dose was reduced or ceased. CONCLUSIONS: @entity935 agonist treatment of @entity191 carries a substantial risk of pathological behaviors. These occurred in 16% of agonist-treated @entity1 ; however, when assessing @entity1 whose dose was at least minimally in the therapeutic range, the frequency jumped to 24%. @entity11532 and hypersexuality were most common. Carbidopa/levodopa therapy taken concurrently with a @entity935 agonist appeared to be an important risk factor.

title: @entity935 agonist-triggered pathological behaviors: surveillance in the XXXX clinic reveals high frequencies.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['PD']


abstract: Epithelial cells lose their usual polarization during carcinogenesis. Although most @entity5 are of epithelial origin little is known about ion channels in @entity189 cells. Previously, we observed that migration of transformed Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK-F) cells depended on oscillating @entity3529 channel activity. In the present study we examined whether periodic @entity3529 channel activity may cause changes of cell volume, and whether @entity3529 channel activity is distributed in a uniform way in MDCK-F cells. After determining the average volume of MDCK-F cells (2013+/-270 microm3; n=8) by means of atomic force microscopy we deduced volume changes by calculating the @entity3529 efflux during bursts of @entity3529 channel activity. Therefore, we measured the membrane conductance of MDCK-F cells which periodically rose by 22.3+/-2.5 nS from a resting level of 6.5+/-1.4 nS (n=12), and we measured the membrane potential which hyperpolarized in parallel from -35.4+/-1.2 mV to -71.6+/-1.8 mV (n=11). The distribution of @entity3529 channel activity was assessed by locally superfusing the front or rear end of migrating MDCK-F cells with the @entity3529 channel blocker charybdotoxin (CTX). Only exposure of the rear end to CTX inhibited migration providing evidence for "horizontal" polarization of @entity3529 channel activity in transformed MDCK-F cells. This is in contrast to the "vertical" polarization in parent MDCK cells. We propose that the asymmetrical distribution of @entity3529 channel activity is a prerequisite for migration of MDCK-F cells.

title: Polarized ion transport during migration of transformed Madin-Darby XXXX kidney cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Cortical @entity3325 ( @entity3325 ) monitoring was used in 15 @entity1 2 to 50 years old undergoing repair of @entity1498 to detect the onset of @entity2759 during the cross-clamp period. Three different response patterns were observed. In 8 @entity1 (53%), the @entity3325 remained unchanged throughout the cross-clamping. This was designated a type 1 response. Six @entity1 (40%) showed a gradual deterioration in the @entity3325 after 15 minutes of cross-clamping (type 2 response). All SEPs returned to normal levels within 5 minutes of release of the clamp. One @entity1 (7%) demonstrated a decline in @entity3325 commencing prior to the application of the cross-clamp when an intercostal vessel was controlled with slings. The @entity3325 completely disappeared within 5 minutes of cross-clamping, but after 19 minutes the repair was completed and the @entity3325 returned within 3 minutes of reperfusion (type 3 response). No @entity1 sustained neurological sequelae of repair. We believe that @entity3325 monitoring offers the potential to identify the @entity1 at risk of developing @entity2759 intraoperatively before irreversible damage occurs. However, it is susceptible to deep @entity1508 anesthesia, which abolishes all cortical responses and requires expert monitoring.

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials in the detection of XXXX in @entity1498 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3325 :: ('MESH:D020886', 'Disease') :: ['SEP', 'somatosensory evoked potential']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

answer: @entity2759 :: (MESH:D020760,Disease) :: ['spinal cord ischemia']


abstract: Cortical @entity3325 ( @entity3325 ) monitoring was used in 15 @entity1 2 to 50 years old undergoing repair of @entity1498 to detect the onset of @entity2759 during the cross-clamp period. Three different response patterns were observed. In 8 @entity1 (53%), the @entity3325 remained unchanged throughout the cross-clamping. This was designated a type 1 response. Six @entity1 (40%) showed a gradual deterioration in the @entity3325 after 15 minutes of cross-clamping (type 2 response). All SEPs returned to normal levels within 5 minutes of release of the clamp. One @entity1 (7%) demonstrated a decline in @entity3325 commencing prior to the application of the cross-clamp when an intercostal vessel was controlled with slings. The @entity3325 completely disappeared within 5 minutes of cross-clamping, but after 19 minutes the repair was completed and the @entity3325 returned within 3 minutes of reperfusion (type 3 response). No @entity1 sustained neurological sequelae of repair. We believe that @entity3325 monitoring offers the potential to identify the @entity1 at risk of developing @entity2759 intraoperatively before irreversible damage occurs. However, it is susceptible to deep @entity1508 anesthesia, which abolishes all cortical responses and requires expert monitoring.

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials in the detection of @entity2759 in XXXX repair.

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: Fifty-two, 8-week-old, male White Pekin ducklings ( @entity4186 domesticus) were allotted into control (n = 7) and @entity3044 -injected groups (n = 45). One control @entity4186 and 5 to 7 @entity3044 -injected (200 mg/kg of body weight) ducklings were euthanatized at postinjection hours (PIH) 1, 12, and 24 and at @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 2, 4, 7, and 14. The left ventricular myocardium was examined, using electron microscopy. The earliest ultrastructural alteration in damaged myocytes was myofibrillar lysis at PIH 12. At PIH 24, affected myocytes had @entity39 with mineralization of mitochondria. By @entity227 2, macrophages had invaded into areas of @entity296 , mineralization was prominent in myocyte mitochondria, and dedifferentiated myocytes with reduced numbers of myofibrils, increased numbers of polysomes, large nuclei, and prominent nucleoli were first observed. The primary myocardial finding at @entity227 4, 7, and 14 was 2 populations of sublethally damaged myocytes. One population of injured myocytes had numerous polysomes in the sarcoplasm and large nuclei with prominent nucleoli, indicating attempts at repair of @entity16 . The 2nd population of myocytes with myofibrillar lysis did not have morphologic evidence of myofibrillar repair. Therefore, the sequential ultrastructural alterations of damage and repair induced by @entity3044 in the duckling myocardium provided model for comparative studies of @entity1370 .

title: Myocardial ultrastructural alterations in ducklings with XXXX -induced cardiotoxicosis.

entities_list: @entity4186 :: ('8839', 'Species') :: ['Anas platyrhynchos', 'duck']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['postinjection days', 'PID']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['myofibrillar damage']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoproterenol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Psychogenic @entity410 (PNES) often have a debilitating effect on @entity1 ' lives. @entity1 , family members, and clinicians have yet to fully understand the mechanisms and treatment of this disorder. Although reviews exist about @entity302 , there have been no systematic reviews of studies focusing on the impact of PNES. This review considers research on factors associated with the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of @entity1 with PNES. Searches of Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were conducted. Search terms identified studies that examined factors associated with HRQoL in PNES. Factors fell into three categories: (1) @entity410 and somatic factors, (2) psychological factors, and (3) coping strategies and family functioning. Fourteen articles were included. The majority of studies were cross-sectional and were of weak to moderate quality. @entity308 were negatively associated with HRQoL. Other factors associated with poorer HRQoL included dissociation, somatic symptoms, escape-avoidance coping strategies, and @entity409 . Variables such as @entity410 frequency and demographic factors were not significantly associated with HRQoL. Psychological and interpersonal factors, not @entity410 reduction, are important for the HRQoL of @entity1 with PNES. The avoidance of emotions is proposed as a perpetuating factor in the difficulties associated with poorer HRQoL. A  biopsychosocial approach has relevance for both the clinical and theoretical understanding of PNES. Larger scale research on psychological and relational factors is needed to inform therapeutic approaches to enhance HRQoL in @entity1 with PNES.

title: Correlates of health-related quality of life in adults with psychogenic XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'nonepileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['family dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['nonepileptic seizures']


abstract: @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) is an autosomal, @entity74 which leads slowly to increasing subvalvular, septal and left @entity4346 . Difficult molecular-genetic investigations localized genetic defects on different chromosomes. The disease is pathological-anatomically characterized by asymmetric subvalvular (aortic) @entity1184 and @entity3585 resulting in additional @entity1002 . Histologically the myocytes are hypertrophied, exhibit atypical branching (disarray), and there is a high amount of interstitial connective tissue. In our biopsy material (from myectomies) @entity1141 could be detected in more than 30% of @entity432 with partly extential media. These changes may indicate @entity132 resulting in @entity943 , @entity1163 , @entity944 , and @entity158 on the basis of @entity132 and scar development. Today the discussion of DDD-pacemaker therapy has resumed, but one must wait for definite results, especially in @entity1 in whom surgical treatment seems to be the best choice. The indication for surgical treatment, which usually is transaortic subvalvular myectomy (Morrow) and modifications, is very restrictive. Only @entity1 in clinical degree III (NYHA) after long-term medical treatment are candidates for surgery. In some mainly younger @entity1 the indication in lower clinical degrees was accepted because of a family history with @entity944 and personal experience of @entity1163 , life-threatening @entity591 , or after resuscitation. In the period 1963 to 1994 466 @entity1 were operated upon. The mean age was 44.9 years (range 3 months to 82 years). Total early mortality was 4.9% (n = 12).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX : surgical treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['microcirculatory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['septal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopes', 'syncope']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy and deterioration of systolic and diastolic left ventricular compliance']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dominant inherited disease of the myocardium']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['anginal pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic intramural arteries']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HOCM', 'Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Spinal microglia and astrocytes play an important role in mediating behavioral hypersensitive state following @entity1897 . However, little is known about the expression patterns of activated microglia and astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn. The aim of the present study was to investigate the spatial distribution of microglial and astrocytic activation in cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments of spinal dorsal horn following chronic @entity130 . The hind paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of @entity164 ( @entity164 ), @entity21846 (YFP) and @entity9327 (YFP) @entity19 to mechanical stimulation was determined by von Frey test. Immunofluorescence staining was used to examine the spatial distribution of microglial and astrocytic activation in the spinal dorsal horn. Following CCI, all the @entity164 , @entity21846 (YFP) and @entity9327 (YFP) @entity19 developed robust @entity1931 in the ipsilateral paw on day 3 after CCI, and the @entity1931 was observed to last for 14 days. In comparison with sham groups, the PWTs of CCI group animals were significantly decreased (P < 0.01, n = 6). On day 14 after CCI, @entity21846 (YFP)-GFP immunofluorescence intensity was significantly increased in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal dorsal horn of the @entity21846 (YFP) @entity19 (P < 0.01, n = 6), but no detectable changes were observed in other spinal segments. Increased @entity9327 (YFP)-GFP immunofluorescence intensity was observed in the ipsilateral thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments of the @entity9327 (YFP) @entity19 on day 14 after CCI. @entity9271 and @entity9327 immunofluorescence staining in @entity164 @entity19 showed the same result of microglia and astrocyte activation on day 14 after CCI. @entity21846 (YFP)-GFP and @entity9327 (YFP)-GFP immunofluorescence signal was colocalized with microglial marker @entity9271 and astrocytic marker @entity9327 , respectively. Interestingly, on day 3 after CCI, @entity9271 -immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the ipsilateral thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments of @entity164 @entity19 , whereas the significant upregulation of @entity9327 -immunoreactivity restrictedly occurred in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal segment. These results suggest that microglial and astrocytic activation may be involved in the development and maintenance of secondary @entity1931 in @entity19 with @entity9 .

title: [Activation of microglia and astrocytes in different spinal segments after XXXX in @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve injury']


abstract: Spinal microglia and astrocytes play an important role in mediating behavioral hypersensitive state following @entity1897 . However, little is known about the expression patterns of activated microglia and astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn. The aim of the present study was to investigate the spatial distribution of microglial and astrocytic activation in cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments of spinal dorsal horn following chronic @entity130 . The hind paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) of @entity164 ( @entity164 ), @entity21846 (YFP) and @entity9327 (YFP) @entity19 to mechanical stimulation was determined by von Frey test. Immunofluorescence staining was used to examine the spatial distribution of microglial and astrocytic activation in the spinal dorsal horn. Following CCI, all the @entity164 , @entity21846 (YFP) and @entity9327 (YFP) @entity19 developed robust @entity1931 in the ipsilateral paw on day 3 after CCI, and the @entity1931 was observed to last for 14 days. In comparison with sham groups, the PWTs of CCI group animals were significantly decreased (P < 0.01, n = 6). On day 14 after CCI, @entity21846 (YFP)-GFP immunofluorescence intensity was significantly increased in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal dorsal horn of the @entity21846 (YFP) @entity19 (P < 0.01, n = 6), but no detectable changes were observed in other spinal segments. Increased @entity9327 (YFP)-GFP immunofluorescence intensity was observed in the ipsilateral thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments of the @entity9327 (YFP) @entity19 on day 14 after CCI. @entity9271 and @entity9327 immunofluorescence staining in @entity164 @entity19 showed the same result of microglia and astrocyte activation on day 14 after CCI. @entity21846 (YFP)-GFP and @entity9327 (YFP)-GFP immunofluorescence signal was colocalized with microglial marker @entity9271 and astrocytic marker @entity9327 , respectively. Interestingly, on day 3 after CCI, @entity9271 -immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the ipsilateral thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments of @entity164 @entity19 , whereas the significant upregulation of @entity9327 -immunoreactivity restrictedly occurred in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal segment. These results suggest that microglial and astrocytic activation may be involved in the development and maintenance of secondary @entity1931 in @entity19 with @entity9 .

title: [Activation of microglia and astrocytes in different spinal segments after @entity1897 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: AIM: To study the clinical manifestations and outcome of @entity1 with @entity378 treated with antituberculous therapy without concomitant use of systemic @entity230 . METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of eight consecutive @entity1 with @entity378 . @entity1 were treated unsuccessfully with topical and/or systemic @entity230 . They underwent complete ophthalmic examination, systemic evaluation, laboratory investigations and imaging. Tuberculin skin test was done with purified protein derivative (PPD) on all @entity1 . The diagnosis of @entity378 was made based on clinical findings of @entity3170 with adjacent peripheral corneal @entity1036 , positive PPD test of 15   mm of induration or more, response to antituberculous treatment (ATT) within 4   weeks and exclusion of other causes of sclerokeratitis. Antituberculous drugs were given for a minimum of 6   months without concomitant use of corticosteroids. The outcome measure was resolution of the ocular surface inflammation of the sclera and @entity267 . RESULTS: Eight consecutive @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity378 were included. There were one male and seven female @entity1 . The mean age was 29   years with an age range of 7-43   years. The involvement of the sclera was nodular in six @entity1 and diffuse in two. The involvement of the @entity267 consisted of peripheral corneal stromal inflammation adjacent to the area of @entity3170 . @entity1 responded to antituberculous medications with complete resolution of the sclerokeratitis without topical or systemic anti-inflammatory agents. CONCLUSIONS: Antituberculous medications can lead to complete resolution of the sclerokeratitis without concomitant use of @entity230 , or other anti-inflammatory agents.

title: Clinical manifestations and outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['stromal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous sclerokeratitis']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['scleritis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculous sclerokeratitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 is not so recognized by clinicians as its counterparts. The efficacy of endoscopic resection has not been described yet. Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection in the management of @entity356 . METHODS: Retrospective data were reviewed from January 2008 to December 2013 in our center. Fourteen @entity1 who had endoscopic resection with the final pathology result of @entity356 were included in the study. RESULTS: Of the 14 @entity1 , there were 12 females and two males. The median age was 59  years (range 32-83). Thirteen @entity5 (92.9  %) were from the muscularis propria and one located in the submucosa. Endoscopic en bloc resection was achieved in 12 @entity1 (12/14, 85.7  %), including seven cases of endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR). The mean resected @entity5 size was 1.73      1.10  cm (range 0.3-4.0  cm). In one case, endoscopic resection was suspended due to the limited experience of EFTR during the early period of the study. In another case, due to the difficult @entity5 location (gastric angle) and extraluminal growth pattern, the @entity1 was referred to laparoscopic surgery. In the 12 successful endoscopic resection cases, during the median follow-up time of 4  years (range 17-77  months, one @entity1 lost), no @entity5 residue, recurrence or @entity3 was found. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic resection is safe and effective in treating @entity356 with excellent long-term outcomes. However, it should be performed with caution because @entity808 is mainly located in the deep muscular layer, which leads to the full-thickness resection of gastric wall.

title: Endoscopic resection for XXXX with long-term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric schwannoma', 'gastric schwannoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric schwannoma']


abstract: This report describes a two-year-old White Alpine ram with @entity5390 and a @entity1997 . Prior to admission, the ram had been unsuccessfully treated with antibiotics and levamisole. Clinical examination revealed that the general behaviour and condition of the ram were severely disturbed. The rectal temperature and respiratory rate were increased. Auscultation of the lungs revealed @entity101 . Based on clinical findings, a tentative diagnosis of @entity3127 was made. To confirm the diagnosis, blood was taken for serological testing for @entity37886 , and endoscopic examination of the respiratory tract and ultrasonographic and radiographic examination of the thorax were performed. Cytologic and bacteriologic examination of tracheal secretions revealed large numbers of neutrophils and @entity1679 organisms. A pocket of gas, surrounded by a capsule of soft tissue density, overlying the base of the heart, and a horizontal fluid line were observed on radiographs. Ultrasonographic examination revealed an effusion between the pleura and the lung on the left side of the thorax; an encapsulated @entity733 was seen on the right side of the thorax. Centesis and aspiration of this accumulation of fluid yielded foul-smelling pus. Post mortem examination confirmed the clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings. The ram had severe chronic @entity5390 with @entity733 formation between the pleura and lung on the right side.

title: @entity5390 and a XXXX in a ram: ultrasonographic and radiographic findings.

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['lung abscess']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased vesicular sounds']

entities_list: @entity1679 :: ('1661', 'Species') :: ['Actinomyces pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity5390 :: ('MESH:D011001', 'Disease') :: ['suppurative pleuropneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity1997 :: (MESH:D008169,Disease) :: ['pulmonary abscess']


abstract: This report describes a two-year-old White Alpine ram with @entity5390 and a @entity1997 . Prior to admission, the ram had been unsuccessfully treated with antibiotics and levamisole. Clinical examination revealed that the general behaviour and condition of the ram were severely disturbed. The rectal temperature and respiratory rate were increased. Auscultation of the lungs revealed @entity101 . Based on clinical findings, a tentative diagnosis of @entity3127 was made. To confirm the diagnosis, blood was taken for serological testing for @entity37886 , and endoscopic examination of the respiratory tract and ultrasonographic and radiographic examination of the thorax were performed. Cytologic and bacteriologic examination of tracheal secretions revealed large numbers of neutrophils and @entity1679 organisms. A pocket of gas, surrounded by a capsule of soft tissue density, overlying the base of the heart, and a horizontal fluid line were observed on radiographs. Ultrasonographic examination revealed an effusion between the pleura and the lung on the left side of the thorax; an encapsulated @entity733 was seen on the right side of the thorax. Centesis and aspiration of this accumulation of fluid yielded foul-smelling pus. Post mortem examination confirmed the clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings. The ram had severe chronic @entity5390 with @entity733 formation between the pleura and lung on the right side.

title: XXXX and a @entity1997 in a ram: ultrasonographic and radiographic findings.

answer: @entity5390 :: (MESH:D011001,Disease) :: ['Suppurative pleuropneumonia']


abstract: @entity1 with acute exacerbations of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) are often too sick to make informed decisions regarding the use of mechanical ventilation (MV). Prior knowledge of their wishes regarding this form of therapy, therefore, is essential in order to preserve their autonomy. In order to characterize this group of @entity1 with respect to their knowledge of mechanical ventilation as a potential treatment for their disease, we surveyed 40 stable outpatients with the diagnosis of @entity1030 . All @entity1 attended either the general medical clinic or the pulmonary clinic of a university and veterans' hospital. The median age of the @entity1 was 67 years, and the median forced expiratory volume in 1 second was 1.26 L. Consecutive @entity1 were asked to participate in a survey that examined the following questions: (1) Was there an awareness of MV as a treatment modality? (2) Had there been prior discussions with their physicians concerning MV? (3) Were the @entity1 able to express a decision concerning MV as indefinite life-sustaining therapy? Our results showed that 35% of @entity1 were not aware of MV. Only 14% had previously discussed MV with their physicians; 40% indicated a decision to use MV, 22% would decline MV, and 38% were unsure. @entity1 who had discussions were more likely to specify a choice concerning MV when compared with those @entity1 who had no prior discussions. We conclude that discussions between @entity1 with @entity1030 and their physicians occur infrequently, but when they do occur, they help @entity1 formulate a decision.

title: Discussions with outpatients with XXXX regarding mechanical ventilation as life-sustaining therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated differences in the intestinal microbiota between @entity1 with @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) and @entity23 ( @entity23 ) suggesting a role for the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of @entity1744 . Alterations in the microbiota have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of abdominal bloating, a commonly reported symptom in @entity1744 . We investigated the relationship between the intestinal microbiota, abdominal bloating and altered bowel patterns in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity1744 and @entity23 . METHODS: The 16S rRNA gene from fresh fecal samples were amplified and pyrosequenced using Roche-454 Titanium chemistry. A Core Measurable Microbiome (CMM) was generated for Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) detected in >75% of all samples and compositional features of CMM were compared between groups using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). KEY RESULTS: @entity1744 differentiated from @entity23 by LDA using continuous variation in the species/OTUs or the CMM genera. When subcategorized based on bloating symptoms and bowel characteristics, the same subjects were also well-differentiated from one another and from @entity23 . ANOVA analysis showed quantitative species/OTUs differences between the subgroups including @entity1744 with and without bloating, and subtypes based on bowel characteristics. CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: The clear LDA differentiation and the significant microbial taxa differences between the groups imply a significant association of the microbiota with bloating symptoms and bowel characteristics in @entity1744 . These changes in the microbiota may serve as a biomarker for @entity1744 and its clinical subtypes and suggest a role for the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of the main symptoms of the disorder.

title: Molecular Characterization of the Intestinal Microbiota in XXXX With and Without Abdominal Bloating.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity158 after wisdom teeth surgery can be moderate in severity and is compounded by preoperative @entity148 in young @entity1 . We studied the effect of @entity2493 premedication on @entity282 and preoperative @entity148 in @entity1 undergoing wisdom teeth extractions. METHODS: This randomised controlled trial recruited 76 @entity1 at Khoo @entity34471 Puat Hospital who were American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, aged 21 to 65 and scheduled to undergo elective extraction of all four wisdom teeth under general anaesthesia. @entity1 with a history of long-term use or @entity566 to @entity2493 were excluded. The @entity1 received either 6 mg @entity2493 or a placebo 90 minutes before surgery. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at multiple time intervals for @entity282 and preoperative @entity148 , @entity1 satisfaction and first-night sleep quality scores were obtained. Mixed-effects regression models were used for longitudinal analysis of @entity227 , @entity148 and satisfaction scores. RESULTS: Maximum VAS scores for @entity158 and @entity148 were 18.6    19.1 mm at 60 minutes postoperatively and 26.2    23.4 mm at 90 minutes preoperatively, respectively. After adjusting for gender, female @entity1 who received @entity2493 had a faster rate of reduction of @entity227 (p = 0.020) and @entity148 scores (p = 0.003) over time compared to the placebo group. No such effect was demonstrated in male @entity1 . There was no significant difference in sleep quality or satisfaction scores. CONCLUSION: @entity2493 use did not consistently contribute to @entity158 and @entity148 amelioration in all @entity1 . Our study demonstrated a positive effect in female @entity1 , suggestive of sexual dimorphism.

title: XXXX premedication versus placebo in wisdom teeth extraction: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['Melatonin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2293 is a life-threatening clinical entity that requires emergent treatment. A variety of therapeutic methods have been applied. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to study the efficacy of emergent surgical pericardiotomy in both the relief of @entity2293 and in the prevention of recurrence of @entity2294 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study involved 90 consecutive @entity1 (58 males and 32 females) with a mean age of 57.4    14.1 years, who underwent emergent pericardiotomy in the years 2006 to 2011 due to symptomatic primary @entity2293 . At the end of the follow-up period all living subjects had control echocardiographic examination. Survival analysis was performed with the use of the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The mean duration time of surgery was 14.2    4.5 minutes. All @entity1 survived surgery but one died during in-hospital stay. During the post-discharge follow-up period (median 49 months) 32 @entity1 died for any reason. One-year and four-year probability of survival was 0.68    0.05 and 0.64    0.05, respectively. Malignancy diagnosis was associated with significant negative impact on survival. One-year and four-year probability of survival was 0.56    0.06 and 0.53    0.06 for @entity5 @entity1 while it was 0.93    0.05 and 0.89    0.06 for the others, respectively. In two cases, only @entity5 @entity1 , re-intervention due to effusion recurrence was necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Pericardiotomy, although invasive, is a safe method to relieve @entity2293 . It is also very efficient in the prevention of recurrence of @entity2294 , even in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Early and long-term outcomes of pericardiotomy in the treatment of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac tamponade', 'cardiac tamponade']

answer: @entity2293 :: (MESH:D002305,Disease) :: ['cardiac tamponade']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) is a rare (2-15%), but severe complication of cardiac surgery with overall mortality reaching 40-80%. In order to save @entity1 ' lives they are treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT). The aim of our study was to assess the impact of different perioperative factors on mortality among @entity1 treated with RRT because of @entity810 , which occurred as a complication of a heart surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis included 45 @entity1 , operated in the years 2009-2013, who underwent renal replacement therapy in order to treat postoperative @entity810 . The perioperative factors were analysed in two groups: group 1 - @entity1 who died before discharge; and group 2 - those who survived until hospital discharge. RESULTS: Forty-five of 3509 cardiac surgical @entity1 (1.25%) required RRT after the surgery. A total of 23 (51.11%) died before discharge (group 1). @entity1 in group 1 were characterised by older age (70.21 vs. 67 years), higher mean EuroSCORE value (9.28 vs. 7.15) (p < 0.05), higher percentage of concomitant surgery (63.63% vs. 28.57%) (p < 0.05) and of admission of @entity2661 in the postoperative period (100% vs. 68.42%) (p < 0.005), and higher mean @entity1133 blood level prior to RRT initiation (156.65 vs. 102.54 mg/dl) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The statistically relevant death predictors proved to be: high EuroSCORE, concomitant surgery, and high @entity1133 level at RRT initiation and admission of @entity2661 in the postoperative period. After conformation in further studies, those factors may prove useful in stratification of death risk among surgical @entity1 requiring RRT.

title: Multi-factor analysis of failure of renal replacement therapy in XXXX developed after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'ARF', 'acute renal failure']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']