abstract: A 81-year-old @entity1 confined to full bed rest due to the effects of a @entity64 7 years prior, was brought to our hospital with acute @entity2679 in late April 2013. After PTGBD, her condition improved and she was discharged in early June. However, she was urgently hospitalized at the beginning of August with melena and a fever. A detailed examination revealed @entity1174 , which was resolved with a course of antibiotics. A colonoscopy, conducted to find the cause of the melena, revealed a circumferential type 2 @entity5 in the ascending colon, and a fiberscope was unable to pass through the @entity850 . A biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of @entity2580 . Using abdominal computed tomography, thickening of the ascending colon wall, suggesting infiltration to the periphery, was visible. The adjacent lymph nodes were enlarged, but there were no clear signs of liver @entity3 . @entity3906 was suspected due to the presence of ascitic fluid. Considering the overall condition of the @entity1 , surgery was not performed, and colonic stent was not placed due to the proximity of the @entity850 to the ileocecal valve. The @entity1 's family chose best supportive care. The @entity1 's condition worsened and she died 3 months after leaving the hospital.

title: [A case of ascending colon signet-ring cell careinoma discovered after treatment for acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3906 :: ('MESH:D010534', 'Disease') :: ['Cancerous peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['signet-ring cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: A 7 1-year-old @entity1 presented to our hospital with @entity1142 and @entity490 . Computed tomography of the abdomen and colonoscopy revealed @entity5 of the transverse colon. The biopsy specimen indicated a highly differentiated @entity420 . The @entity1 underwent extended right hemicolectomy with regional lymph node dissection. Pathological examination showed a @entity3270 (NEC)with concurrent @entity694 and regional lymph node metastases of the NEC and @entity420 . The histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of mixed @entity189 (MANEC)in accordance with the 2010WHO Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System. Liver and lung metastases were identified 8 months after the surgery. We administered chemotherapy including @entity1487 , @entity4181 , and @entity901 (mFOLFOX)plus bevacizumab, with limited therapeutic effect, as the disease progressed despite treatment. The @entity1 chose best supportive care 13 months after the surgery. Several studies have reported that most @entity1 with @entity1358 , including MANEC, experience relapse within 1 year after surgery, and few @entity1 remain disease-free for long periods after surgery. The optimal strategy for the management of MANEC is variable owing to its rarity; only 2 cases of MANEC in the colon, including the present case, have been reported in Japan. It is thus important to gather more evidence on this disease and its management.

title: [A case of mixed XXXX of the transverse colon].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['adenoendocrine cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma']


abstract: An 80-year-old @entity1 was treated with low anterior resection and D3 lymph node dissection for @entity4303 in August 2007. Pathological diagnosis was a @entity5 23*22mm in size with muscularis propria invasion, ly1, v0, n1(No. 251[1/12]). Partial hepatectomy was performed for liver @entity3 in March 2010 and September 2011. In June 2013, an @entity5 of 17mm in diameter was detected between the inferior vena cava and the stomach using abdominal ultrasonography. The @entity5 was diagnosed as pancreatic head lymph node @entity3 using abdominal enhanced computed tomography(CT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP), and positron emission tomography(PET); fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)uptake was noted at the site of the @entity5 , but not at other parts of the body. Curative resection was the chosen treatment option. Open surgery was performed in September 2013, and a @entity5 30mm in diameter located at the ventral side of the inferior vena cava, lateral side of the portal vein, and cranial side of duodenum was resected. No surrounding tissue infiltration was found. Pathological analysis of the resected specimen indicated lymph node @entity3 of the @entity4303 . The @entity1 has been disease free for 9 months after surgery.

title: [A case of resection of pancreatic head lymph node XXXX of @entity4303 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoid']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: An 80-year-old @entity1 was treated with low anterior resection and D3 lymph node dissection for @entity4303 in August 2007. Pathological diagnosis was a @entity5 23*22mm in size with muscularis propria invasion, ly1, v0, n1(No. 251[1/12]). Partial hepatectomy was performed for liver @entity3 in March 2010 and September 2011. In June 2013, an @entity5 of 17mm in diameter was detected between the inferior vena cava and the stomach using abdominal ultrasonography. The @entity5 was diagnosed as pancreatic head lymph node @entity3 using abdominal enhanced computed tomography(CT), magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP), and positron emission tomography(PET); fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)uptake was noted at the site of the @entity5 , but not at other parts of the body. Curative resection was the chosen treatment option. Open surgery was performed in September 2013, and a @entity5 30mm in diameter located at the ventral side of the inferior vena cava, lateral side of the portal vein, and cranial side of duodenum was resected. No surrounding tissue infiltration was found. Pathological analysis of the resected specimen indicated lymph node @entity3 of the @entity4303 . The @entity1 has been disease free for 9 months after surgery.

title: [A case of resection of pancreatic head lymph node @entity3 of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity4303 :: (MESH:D002276,Disease) :: ['rectal carcinoid']


abstract: A64 -year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of advanced @entity5 with @entity3 to the left supraclavicular lymph nodes and paraaortic lymph nodes. Alow anterior resection was performed because of the symptoms of ileus. Subsequently, chemotherapy consisting of XELOX with bevacizumab was initiated as the first-line regimen, over 6 courses. Asecond -line regimen of FOLFIRI with bevacizumab was selected due to multiple lung @entity3 and the progression to both left supraclavicular and paraaortic lymph nodes. During the first 3 courses, the @entity1 had no harmful side effects. Although the @entity1 received adequate prophylactic antiemetic therapy and supportive treatment, grade 4 delayed @entity391 induced by irinotecan( @entity2600 )occurred at 7 days after the fourth course of FOLFIRI chemotherapy. The @entity1 was given total parenteral nutrition, after which she recovered substantially from the @entity391 . Delayed @entity391 is occasionally seen with irinotecan therapy and can be efficiently managed with adequate prophylactic antiemetic therapy. However, delayed @entity391 occurring one week after administration is rarely observed. Delayed @entity391 and subsequent therapy affect the quality of life(QOL)of the @entity1 and subsequent therapy therefore, adequate attention and prompt management are required for delayed @entity391 .

title: [A Case of Advanced XXXX with Irinotecan( @entity2600 )-Induced Delayed Emesis].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: A64 -year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of advanced @entity5 with @entity3 to the left supraclavicular lymph nodes and paraaortic lymph nodes. Alow anterior resection was performed because of the symptoms of ileus. Subsequently, chemotherapy consisting of XELOX with bevacizumab was initiated as the first-line regimen, over 6 courses. Asecond -line regimen of FOLFIRI with bevacizumab was selected due to multiple lung @entity3 and the progression to both left supraclavicular and paraaortic lymph nodes. During the first 3 courses, the @entity1 had no harmful side effects. Although the @entity1 received adequate prophylactic antiemetic therapy and supportive treatment, grade 4 delayed @entity391 induced by irinotecan( @entity2600 )occurred at 7 days after the fourth course of FOLFIRI chemotherapy. The @entity1 was given total parenteral nutrition, after which she recovered substantially from the @entity391 . Delayed @entity391 is occasionally seen with irinotecan therapy and can be efficiently managed with adequate prophylactic antiemetic therapy. However, delayed @entity391 occurring one week after administration is rarely observed. Delayed @entity391 and subsequent therapy affect the quality of life(QOL)of the @entity1 and subsequent therapy therefore, adequate attention and prompt management are required for delayed @entity391 .

title: [A Case of Advanced @entity5 with Irinotecan( XXXX )-Induced Delayed Emesis].

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['CPT-11']


abstract: A 53-years-old @entity1 was diagnosed with left @entity0 (T2N0M0, Stage IIA)and underwent breast conserving surgeryand axillaryly mph nodes resection. She was administered 2 courses of chemotherapyconsisting of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil(CMF)and received a total of 50 Gyof radiation therapyas adjuvant therapy. Ultrasonographyof the right breast, performed 2 years after the first operation, detected a @entity5 7mm in diameter. A core needle biopsy of the @entity5 was performed. The pathological diagnosis was @entity1557 . The @entity1 's whole bodywas checked for metastatic legions, but none were found. Right axillary lymph node swelling was detected 9 years after her first operation, and a surgical biopsywas performed. Frozen section analysis indicated that it was metastasis from the @entity0 . A further surgical biopsywas performed on the right breast mass. Frozen section analysis indicated the @entity5 was @entity513 within a @entity1557 . Breast conserving surgeryand axillaryly mph node dissection were performed for the right @entity0 . The final permanent pathological diagnosis of the right breast was @entity513 within @entity1557 ( T2N1M0, Stage IIB), negative for @entity1782 , negative for @entity7273 , and negative for @entity1722 ( @entity1722 ). The @entity1 was administered 3 courses of chemotherapyconsisting of taxotere and cyclophosphamide(TC)and received a total of 50 Gy of radiation therapy. The @entity1 is alive without metastases 3 years after the second surgery.

title: [A difficult diagnosis of asynchronous both side XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1782 :: ('2099', 'Gene') :: ['estrogen receptor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7273 :: ('5241', 'Gene') :: ['progesterone receptor']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['ErbB-2', 'epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND Stress can cause psychological and physiological changes. Many studies revealed that massage can decrease stress. However, @entity59511 has not been well researched in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of @entity59511 ( @entity59511 ) on @entity5941 levels (sAA), @entity4148 (ANS) function, and plasma @entity916 activity (PRA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-nine healthy @entity1 were randomly allocated into either a @entity59511 ( @entity59511 ) group or Control (C) group, after which they were switched to the other group with a 2-week wash-out period. Each of them was given a 10-minute mental arithmetic test to induce @entity1642 before a 1-hour session of @entity59511 or rest. RESULTS Within-groups comparison revealed that sAA was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the @entity59511 group but not in the C group. HRV and ANS function were significantly increased (p<0.05) and PRA was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in both groups. However, low frequency per high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio) and ANS balance status were not changed. Only sAA was found to be significantly different between groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that both @entity59511 and rest can reduce @entity1642 , as indicated by decreased sAA levels, increased parasympathetic activity, decreased sympathetic activity, and decreased PRA. However, @entity59511 may have a modest effect on stress reduction as indicated by a reduced sAA.

title: Immediate Effects of Traditional Thai Massage on Psychological Stress as Indicated by XXXX Levels in Healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity59511 :: ('MESH:C564303', 'Disease') :: ['TTM', 'traditional Thai massage']

entities_list: @entity5941 :: ('276', 'Gene') :: ['salivary alpha-amylase']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate variability (HRV), autonomic nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

answer: @entity5941 :: (276,Gene) :: ['Salivary Alpha-Amylase']


abstract: BACKGROUND Stress can cause psychological and physiological changes. Many studies revealed that massage can decrease stress. However, @entity59511 has not been well researched in this regard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effects of @entity59511 ( @entity59511 ) on @entity5941 levels (sAA), @entity4148 (ANS) function, and plasma @entity916 activity (PRA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-nine healthy @entity1 were randomly allocated into either a @entity59511 ( @entity59511 ) group or Control (C) group, after which they were switched to the other group with a 2-week wash-out period. Each of them was given a 10-minute mental arithmetic test to induce @entity1642 before a 1-hour session of @entity59511 or rest. RESULTS Within-groups comparison revealed that sAA was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in the @entity59511 group but not in the C group. HRV and ANS function were significantly increased (p<0.05) and PRA was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in both groups. However, low frequency per high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio) and ANS balance status were not changed. Only sAA was found to be significantly different between groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that both @entity59511 and rest can reduce @entity1642 , as indicated by decreased sAA levels, increased parasympathetic activity, decreased sympathetic activity, and decreased PRA. However, @entity59511 may have a modest effect on stress reduction as indicated by a reduced sAA.

title: Immediate Effects of Traditional Thai Massage on Psychological Stress as Indicated by @entity5941 Levels in Healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) in young adults is a rare but devastating illness with significant socioeconomic implications, and studies of this @entity1 subgroup are limited. AIM: This study employed the National Lung Cancer Audit to compare the clinical features and survival of young adults with @entity1149 with the older age groups. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort review using a validated national audit dataset. METHODS: Data were analysed for the period between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2011. Young adults were defined as between 18 and 39 years, and all others were divided into decade age groups, up to the 80 years and above group. We performed logistic and Cox regression analyses to assess clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Of a total of 1 46 422 @entity1 , 651 (0.5%) were young adults, of whom a higher proportion had @entity420 (48%) than in any other age group. Stage distribution of @entity1149 was similar across the age groups and 71% of young @entity1 had stage IIIb/IV. Performance status (PS) was 0-1 for 85%. Young adults were more likely to have surgery and chemotherapy compared with the older age groups and had better overall and post-operative survival. The proportion with @entity420 , better PS and that receiving surgery or chemotherapy diminished progressively with advancing decade age groups. CONCLUSION: In our cohort of young adults with @entity1149 , the majority had good PS despite the same late-stage disease as older @entity1 . They were more likely to have treatment and survive longer than older @entity1 .

title: XXXX in young adults: presentation and survival in the English National Lung Cancer Audit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of Mondini @entity1141 with @entity5173 , as well as preliminarily investigate the genetic mechanism of the disease. METHOD: The clinical data of 2 @entity1 diagnosed as Mondini @entity1141 with @entity5173 treated in our hospital were analyzed. Blood samples of these two @entity1 were obtained to extract DNA. We screened DNA samples for gene @entity6361 mutations by using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. The sequencing results were analyzed in DNASTAR software. RESULT: Both @entity1 came to our hospital because of @entity693 , and the @entity292 were both located in vestibular window. @entity1 were cured one-time after surgical closure of the leakages with temporalis + temporalis fascia + temporalis through the mastoid approach. No pathogenic mutations of gene @entity6361 with exome sequencing were found. CONCLUSION: Mondini @entity1141 with @entity5173 should be considered in @entity1 with @entity693 and @entity2167 . Temporal bone HRCT is helpful to the diagnosis. Surgical closure is an effective therapeutic method and may prevent @entity693 . The molecular mechanism of simple Mondini @entity1141 needs further study.

title: [Clinical analysis of Mondini XXXX with @entity5173 and preliminary genetic research of it].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disorder']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics of Mondini @entity1141 with @entity5173 , as well as preliminarily investigate the genetic mechanism of the disease. METHOD: The clinical data of 2 @entity1 diagnosed as Mondini @entity1141 with @entity5173 treated in our hospital were analyzed. Blood samples of these two @entity1 were obtained to extract DNA. We screened DNA samples for gene @entity6361 mutations by using polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. The sequencing results were analyzed in DNASTAR software. RESULT: Both @entity1 came to our hospital because of @entity693 , and the @entity292 were both located in vestibular window. @entity1 were cured one-time after surgical closure of the leakages with temporalis + temporalis fascia + temporalis through the mastoid approach. No pathogenic mutations of gene @entity6361 with exome sequencing were found. CONCLUSION: Mondini @entity1141 with @entity5173 should be considered in @entity1 with @entity693 and @entity2167 . Temporal bone HRCT is helpful to the diagnosis. Surgical closure is an effective therapeutic method and may prevent @entity693 . The molecular mechanism of simple Mondini @entity1141 needs further study.

title: [Clinical analysis of Mondini @entity1141 with XXXX and preliminary genetic research of it].

answer: @entity5173 :: (MESH:D065634,Disease) :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) is a risk factor for @entity2414 and @entity132 during growth and adulthood. However, this risk might be modulated by environmental factors during development. Here we examined whether exposing adolescent male and female @entity35 with @entity2404 -induced @entity1592 to @entity6100 ( @entity6100 ) affected their working memory and @entity148 -like behavior in adulthood. We also used @entity1603 staining to investigate hippocampal cellular proliferation and @entity1603 and @entity2141 double staining to investigate neural differentiation in female @entity1592 @entity35 . In the absence of adolescent stress, @entity1592 female @entity35 , but not male @entity35 , scored significantly lower in the T-maze test of working memory and exhibited higher @entity148 -like behavior in the elevated-plus maze test compared with controls. Adolescent exposure to @entity6100 abolished these @entity146 in @entity1592 females. In the absence of adolescent stress, hippocampal cellular proliferation was significantly higher in @entity1592 females than in non- @entity1592 female controls and was not influenced by adolescent exposure to @entity6100 . Hippocampal neural differentiation was equivalent in non-stressed control and @entity1592 females. Neural differentiation was significantly increased by adolescent exposure to @entity6100 in controls but not in @entity1592 females. There was no significant difference in the serum @entity2819 concentrations between non-stressed control and @entity1592 females; however, adolescent exposure to @entity6100 significantly increased serum @entity2819 concentration in control females but not in @entity1592 females. These results demonstrate that adolescent exposure to @entity6100 improves @entity146 independent of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult @entity35 with @entity1592 .

title: Exposure to @entity6100 in adolescence improves the working memory and XXXX -like behavior of adult female @entity35 with intrauterine growth restriction, independently of hippocampal neurogenesis.

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['SDS', 'social defeat stress']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disturbance']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral impairment', 'behavioral impairments']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'Intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) is a risk factor for @entity2414 and @entity132 during growth and adulthood. However, this risk might be modulated by environmental factors during development. Here we examined whether exposing adolescent male and female @entity35 with @entity2404 -induced @entity1592 to @entity6100 ( @entity6100 ) affected their working memory and @entity148 -like behavior in adulthood. We also used @entity1603 staining to investigate hippocampal cellular proliferation and @entity1603 and @entity2141 double staining to investigate neural differentiation in female @entity1592 @entity35 . In the absence of adolescent stress, @entity1592 female @entity35 , but not male @entity35 , scored significantly lower in the T-maze test of working memory and exhibited higher @entity148 -like behavior in the elevated-plus maze test compared with controls. Adolescent exposure to @entity6100 abolished these @entity146 in @entity1592 females. In the absence of adolescent stress, hippocampal cellular proliferation was significantly higher in @entity1592 females than in non- @entity1592 female controls and was not influenced by adolescent exposure to @entity6100 . Hippocampal neural differentiation was equivalent in non-stressed control and @entity1592 females. Neural differentiation was significantly increased by adolescent exposure to @entity6100 in controls but not in @entity1592 females. There was no significant difference in the serum @entity2819 concentrations between non-stressed control and @entity1592 females; however, adolescent exposure to @entity6100 significantly increased serum @entity2819 concentration in control females but not in @entity1592 females. These results demonstrate that adolescent exposure to @entity6100 improves @entity146 independent of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult @entity35 with @entity1592 .

title: Exposure to XXXX in adolescence improves the working memory and @entity148 -like behavior of adult female @entity35 with intrauterine growth restriction, independently of hippocampal neurogenesis.

answer: @entity6100 :: (OMIM:300082,Disease) :: ['social defeat stress']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) is a risk factor for @entity2414 and @entity132 during growth and adulthood. However, this risk might be modulated by environmental factors during development. Here we examined whether exposing adolescent male and female @entity35 with @entity2404 -induced @entity1592 to @entity6100 ( @entity6100 ) affected their working memory and @entity148 -like behavior in adulthood. We also used @entity1603 staining to investigate hippocampal cellular proliferation and @entity1603 and @entity2141 double staining to investigate neural differentiation in female @entity1592 @entity35 . In the absence of adolescent stress, @entity1592 female @entity35 , but not male @entity35 , scored significantly lower in the T-maze test of working memory and exhibited higher @entity148 -like behavior in the elevated-plus maze test compared with controls. Adolescent exposure to @entity6100 abolished these @entity146 in @entity1592 females. In the absence of adolescent stress, hippocampal cellular proliferation was significantly higher in @entity1592 females than in non- @entity1592 female controls and was not influenced by adolescent exposure to @entity6100 . Hippocampal neural differentiation was equivalent in non-stressed control and @entity1592 females. Neural differentiation was significantly increased by adolescent exposure to @entity6100 in controls but not in @entity1592 females. There was no significant difference in the serum @entity2819 concentrations between non-stressed control and @entity1592 females; however, adolescent exposure to @entity6100 significantly increased serum @entity2819 concentration in control females but not in @entity1592 females. These results demonstrate that adolescent exposure to @entity6100 improves @entity146 independent of hippocampal neurogenesis in adult @entity35 with @entity1592 .

title: Exposure to @entity6100 in adolescence improves the working memory and @entity148 -like behavior of adult female XXXX with intrauterine growth restriction, independently of hippocampal neurogenesis.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We report on 2 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent surgicalresection for localrecurrence after gastrectomy. @entity1 1 was admitted to our hospitalbecause of @entity1002 caused by localrecurrence with abdominalwal l invasion. He had undergone distalgastrectomy for @entity356 2 years and 4 months previously. Surgicalresection of the @entity5 involving the stomach-jejunum @entity254 region with partialhepatectomy and colectomy was performed. The @entity1 was subsequently discharged without symptoms. A re-recurrence requiring ileocolic bypass then occurred. In spite of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, he died 6 months after the re-recurrence. @entity1 2 was admitted to our hospitalbecause of ileus by transverse @entity694 . He had undergone total gastrectomy for @entity356 6 years and 7 months previously and received chemotherapy for local recurrence 4 years after the first surgery. Resection of the local recurrence involving the right transverse colon and the gallbladder was performed at that time. He was discharged without symptoms. He exhibited rerecurrence in the right-upper abdomen 2 months after the second operation. Surgicalresection for localrecurrence is useful for the improvement of quality of life(QOL)in appropriate cases, but the re-recurrence risk is high because of low curability in these cases.

title: [Significance of surgical resection of local recurrence after gastrectomy for XXXX - report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon obstruction']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left-upper abdominalpain']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: Amale @entity1 in his 40s presented with @entity490 and mass palpitation. He was diagnosed with a submucosal @entity356 and referred to our clinic. Computed topography(CT)scan revealed a large @entity356 and multiple hepatic metastases. He was diagnosed with unresectable @entity674 ( @entity677 )and began @entity2213 treatment. However, 2 weeks later, the @entity1 developed a high fever and @entity490 . Tumor @entity39 and @entity733 formation was observed on the CT scan. We performed emergency surgery, which comprised partial gastrectomy, distal pancreatectomy, and splenectomy, combined with radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for the hepatic metastases. Subsequently, he continued @entity2213 therapy. However, a new lesion developed in the liver and was diagnosed as @entity2213 -resistant disease. The new lesion was treated with RFA. Eight years after the treatment, a new lesion occurred in the liver, which was difficult to excise owing to the location. Accordingly, a right-hepatic lobectomy was performed. Currently, he is alive and continues on @entity2213 therapy.

title: [A Case of Giant XXXX with Multiple Hepatic Metastases with Long-Term Survival after Multimodal Therapy].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric GIST']


abstract: @entity71681 (ESS) is an immunologically well defined cytoplasmic antigen of group A and some group C streptococci. ESS is probably the pathogenetic @entity631 ( @entity631 ). Antibodies to ESS (ESS-Ab) were determined by microcomplement fixation in 1,102 @entity1 and by ELISA in 105 @entity1 . In 168 @entity1 with @entity631 (90 from the U.S.A. and 78 from Kuwait) the arithmetic mean titer was 45.2 (log10 1.40 +/- 0.606) and 50.2 (log10 1.51 +/- 0.394) respectively, both significantly elevated compared to 347 age matched @entity1 and adults from the U.S.A. whose arithmetic mean titer was 9.1 (log10 0.83 +/- 0.635) and 7.5 (log10 0.55 +/- 0.492) respectively and 139 @entity1 from Kuwait whose arithmetic mean titer was 15.7 (log10 0.92 +/- 0.495). In 51 @entity1 with @entity631 , the mean ELISA value was 67.5% higher than the values obtained from 54 normal age matched controls. @entity1 with @entity883 without renal involvement had only transiently and mildly elevated values. ESS-Abs in @entity1 with other types of @entity631 were in the range of normal. ESS-Ab titers do not parallel the titers of streptococcal exoenzymes. ESS-Ab titers are of importance for the differential diagnosis of @entity8 and of similar significance for the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanism of @entity631 . They are possibly of significance for therapy in the form of an active vaccine.

title: Significance of endostreptosin antibody titers in poststreptococcal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity71681 :: ('MESH:C030996', 'Chemical') :: ['Endostreptosin']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['antigen of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis', 'glomerulonephritides', 'ASGN']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 ( @entity64 ), @entity932 and @entity49 can occur as an early and late complication of @entity5 in the clinical course. @entity5 @entity1 are at increased risk for @entity64 from direct and indirect effects of their malignancy. AIMS: The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity5 and the long-term outcome, mortality and the presence of @entity548 in @entity1 with acute @entity64 treated with i.v. thrombolysis. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the demographic and clinical data of 495 Caucasian @entity1 with acute @entity64 and 40 @entity1 with @entity64 and concomitant @entity5 who were consecutively treated from 2006 to 2013 in two experienced @entity64 centres. RESULTS: In analysed group, there were 7.8% of @entity1 with @entity5 [50.0% male, mean age 72.3      9.3; National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale - 13 (range 9.5-17)]. @entity5 was diagnosed before i.v.-thrombolysis in 28 (70.0%) @entity1 . After 3  months of follow up, 60% of @entity1 were independent (mRS 0-2) compared with the group of @entity1 without @entity5 - 55% (p  =  0.54), 17.5% died (18.4%; p  =  0.89), 12.4% suffered @entity548 ( @entity548 ) (17.6%; p  =  0.41) and 2.5% experienced SICH (4.4%; p  =  0.56, respectively). Other clinical complications were not found. A multivariate analysis showed no impact of @entity5 on unfavourable outcomes [modified Rankin scale 3-6)] after 3 months (p  =  0.15). CONCLUSION: Intravenous thrombolysis performed in Caucasian @entity64 @entity1 with past or current @entity5 , but not in the course of chemo- and radiotherapy, can be a safe and effective method of treatment. In making decision on the thrombolytic treatment, the risk of @entity548 complications and the life expectancy should be assessed.

title: Safety of intravenous thrombolysis for acute XXXX including concomitant @entity5 sufferers - experience from Poland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'stroke', 'Stroke', 'Ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'haemorrhagic complications', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhagic transformation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic diseases', 'neoplastic disease', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 ( @entity64 ), @entity932 and @entity49 can occur as an early and late complication of @entity5 in the clinical course. @entity5 @entity1 are at increased risk for @entity64 from direct and indirect effects of their malignancy. AIMS: The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity5 and the long-term outcome, mortality and the presence of @entity548 in @entity1 with acute @entity64 treated with i.v. thrombolysis. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the demographic and clinical data of 495 Caucasian @entity1 with acute @entity64 and 40 @entity1 with @entity64 and concomitant @entity5 who were consecutively treated from 2006 to 2013 in two experienced @entity64 centres. RESULTS: In analysed group, there were 7.8% of @entity1 with @entity5 [50.0% male, mean age 72.3      9.3; National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale - 13 (range 9.5-17)]. @entity5 was diagnosed before i.v.-thrombolysis in 28 (70.0%) @entity1 . After 3  months of follow up, 60% of @entity1 were independent (mRS 0-2) compared with the group of @entity1 without @entity5 - 55% (p  =  0.54), 17.5% died (18.4%; p  =  0.89), 12.4% suffered @entity548 ( @entity548 ) (17.6%; p  =  0.41) and 2.5% experienced SICH (4.4%; p  =  0.56, respectively). Other clinical complications were not found. A multivariate analysis showed no impact of @entity5 on unfavourable outcomes [modified Rankin scale 3-6)] after 3 months (p  =  0.15). CONCLUSION: Intravenous thrombolysis performed in Caucasian @entity64 @entity1 with past or current @entity5 , but not in the course of chemo- and radiotherapy, can be a safe and effective method of treatment. In making decision on the thrombolytic treatment, the risk of @entity548 complications and the life expectancy should be assessed.

title: Safety of intravenous thrombolysis for acute @entity64 including concomitant XXXX sufferers - experience from Poland.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplastic disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: @entity417 is a common complication associated with @entity177 and is marked by poor health and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There are ongoing concerns with the use of @entity1307 Stimulating Agents (ESAs) to treat @entity417 in @entity1 with @entity177 on dialysis. Questions as to their benefits, harms and overall effect on quality of life are still relevant today. Our objective was to systematically review studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness of ESAs in @entity1 with @entity177 on dialysis. Methods: We performed a systematic review of studies determining the cost-effectiveness of ESAs in adult @entity1 on dialysis. Databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, were searched from their establishment until June 2013. Studies that reported an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of hemoglobin correction strategies based on ESA treatments in comparison to red blood cell transfusions, lower hemoglobin targets, or no ESA treatment were included. Results: Seven studies met inclusion criteria. Reported cost/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) ratios ranged from USD 931-677,749/QALY across five studies comparing ESAs to red blood cell transfusions. There was heterogeneity in results when considering higher hemoglobin targets, with studies finding higher targets to be both dominant and dominated. Mortality, hospitalization, and utility estimates were major drivers. Conclusions: There is substantial variability in the estimates of the cost-effectiveness of using ESAs in the dialysis population. New models incorporating recent meta-analyses for estimates of utility, mortality, and hospitalization changes would allow for a more comprehensive answer to this question.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Cost Effectiveness of XXXX -Stimulating Agents for Treating @entity417 in @entity1 on Dialysis: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['Erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['Erythropoietin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: @entity417 is a common complication associated with @entity177 and is marked by poor health and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There are ongoing concerns with the use of @entity1307 Stimulating Agents (ESAs) to treat @entity417 in @entity1 with @entity177 on dialysis. Questions as to their benefits, harms and overall effect on quality of life are still relevant today. Our objective was to systematically review studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness of ESAs in @entity1 with @entity177 on dialysis. Methods: We performed a systematic review of studies determining the cost-effectiveness of ESAs in adult @entity1 on dialysis. Databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, were searched from their establishment until June 2013. Studies that reported an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of hemoglobin correction strategies based on ESA treatments in comparison to red blood cell transfusions, lower hemoglobin targets, or no ESA treatment were included. Results: Seven studies met inclusion criteria. Reported cost/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) ratios ranged from USD 931-677,749/QALY across five studies comparing ESAs to red blood cell transfusions. There was heterogeneity in results when considering higher hemoglobin targets, with studies finding higher targets to be both dominant and dominated. Mortality, hospitalization, and utility estimates were major drivers. Conclusions: There is substantial variability in the estimates of the cost-effectiveness of using ESAs in the dialysis population. New models incorporating recent meta-analyses for estimates of utility, mortality, and hospitalization changes would allow for a more comprehensive answer to this question.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Cost Effectiveness of @entity1307 -Stimulating Agents for Treating XXXX in @entity1 on Dialysis: A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: @entity417 is a common complication associated with @entity177 and is marked by poor health and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. There are ongoing concerns with the use of @entity1307 Stimulating Agents (ESAs) to treat @entity417 in @entity1 with @entity177 on dialysis. Questions as to their benefits, harms and overall effect on quality of life are still relevant today. Our objective was to systematically review studies evaluating the cost-effectiveness of ESAs in @entity1 with @entity177 on dialysis. Methods: We performed a systematic review of studies determining the cost-effectiveness of ESAs in adult @entity1 on dialysis. Databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, were searched from their establishment until June 2013. Studies that reported an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of hemoglobin correction strategies based on ESA treatments in comparison to red blood cell transfusions, lower hemoglobin targets, or no ESA treatment were included. Results: Seven studies met inclusion criteria. Reported cost/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) ratios ranged from USD 931-677,749/QALY across five studies comparing ESAs to red blood cell transfusions. There was heterogeneity in results when considering higher hemoglobin targets, with studies finding higher targets to be both dominant and dominated. Mortality, hospitalization, and utility estimates were major drivers. Conclusions: There is substantial variability in the estimates of the cost-effectiveness of using ESAs in the dialysis population. New models incorporating recent meta-analyses for estimates of utility, mortality, and hospitalization changes would allow for a more comprehensive answer to this question.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The Cost Effectiveness of @entity1307 -Stimulating Agents for Treating @entity417 in XXXX on Dialysis: A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Since 1988, the french non-governmental organisation M  decins Sans Fronti  res is running a control program of @entity1 @entity7247 in the district of Moyo, North-Uganda. Between 1988 and 1993, more than 7,000 @entity1 were diagnosed and treated. Since 1988, it has been noted that incidence of @entity26922 reaction had increased systematically between June and October of each year, indicating strong seasonal variation. In 1992 and 1993, two outbreaks of arsenical reactive @entity75 (ARE) occurred in the @entity25 center of Adjumani. The incidence of ARE suddenly exceeded 10% of the @entity1 treated by @entity26922 during August 1992 and September 1993. The onset of 80% of those "epidemic" cases, occurred between the 5th and the 11th day of treatment. Two retrospective studies were conducted in 1992 (75 cases) and in 1993 (51 cases). Among the risk factors studied, two appear to increase the risk of ARE: the prescription of @entity18884 to treat @entity13739 during the @entity26922 cure and the @entity1835 general clinical conditions of @entity1 . These observations suggest that exogenous co-factors could be involved in the occurrence of ARE. Recommendations were to avoid administration of diffusible anti-helminthic treatment during the cure, and to improve the general conditions of @entity1 before the cure of @entity26922 .

title: [2 epidemics of arsenical XXXX in the treatment of trypanosomiasis, Uganda, 1992-1993].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity26922 :: ('MESH:D008549', 'Chemical') :: ['melarsoprol']

entities_list: @entity13739 :: ('MESH:D013322', 'Disease') :: ['strongyloidiasis']

entities_list: @entity7247 :: ('MESH:D014353', 'Disease') :: ['african trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeping sickness']

entities_list: @entity18884 :: ('MESH:D013827', 'Chemical') :: ['thiabendazole']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: AIM: To update and improve estimates of morbidity and mortality due to @entity167 consumption in New Zealand. METHOD: We applied the comparative risk assessment methods of the Global Burden of Disease Study at country level, and separately for Maori and non-Maori where possible. Analysis was restricted to 0-79 year olds. RESULTS: We estimated 5.4% of all @entity204 under 80 years old were attributable to @entity167 in 2007 (802 @entity204 ) and these represented 13,769 years of life lost (YLLs). Injuries accounted for 43%, @entity5 for 30% and other diseases for 27% of @entity204 . We also calculated 351 @entity204 were averted by @entity167 use, but only 3095 YLLs, resulting in a net annual loss of more than 10,000 years of life. Sex and ethnic disparities were marked, with twice as many @entity204 in @entity1 as @entity1 for both Maori and non- Maori, and the age-standardised @entity204 rate for Maori two and a half times the rate for non-Maori. Injury was the biggest cause of @entity167 -related @entity204 and YLLs in the young and overall, but the leading cause of @entity167 -related @entity204 in both Maori and non-Maori @entity1 was @entity0 . We estimated 6.5% of all healthy life lost among 0-79 year olds in 2004 was attributable to @entity167 (28,403 DALYs lost), and 6538 DALYs were prevented. The sex disparity in DALYs lost mirrored the mortality analysis, but no disaggregation by ethnicity was possible. CONCLUSION: @entity167 consumption results in substantial loss of good health across the life course in New Zealand. It makes an important contribution to Maori/non-Maori and male/female health disparities. High average consumption and heavy drinking occasions confer the greatest risk of harm to the drinker and others. At a population level there are no documented health benefits of drinking before middle-age and benefits in later life are increasingly uncertain.

title: The burden of disease and injury attributable to XXXX in New Zealanders under 80 years of age: marked disparities by ethnicity and sex.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9238 is a common nosocomial microorganism and its @entity2893 's resistance has increased. The management of these cases is unclear. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated 16 @entity1 with KPC-producing @entity9238 infections, detailing the site of infection, therapy, clinical and epidemiological data. METHODS: A retrospective and descriptive study. Clinical data were revised and KPC-2 detection was by molecular methods. Risk factors associated with mortality were compared using appropriate tests according to variable type with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The 30-day mortality rate was 37.5% with no association with inadequate treatment. Age (p=0.004) and Charlson score of comorbidities (p=0.048) were independent risk factors associated with @entity204 in the multivariate analysis. The odds ratio for age >43 years was 3.00 (95% CI: 1.02-9.32) and for Charlson score >3 was 2.00 (95% CI: 1.08-3.71). Five strains were pan-resistant based on automated susceptibility tests. All @entity1 were treated with monotherapy. CONCLUSION: The clinician should be alert to @entity2893 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection in older @entity1 with comorbidities. The mortality is high and we believe that prompt and adequate therapy must be employed.

title: KPC-producing XXXX infection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity9238 :: ('548', 'Species') :: ['Enterobacter', 'Enterobacter aerogenes']

answer: @entity9238 :: (548,Species) :: ['Enterobacter aerogenes']


abstract: Isolated @entity35 hindlimbs were perfused at 37 degrees C and constant physiological pressure (80 +/- 0.5 mmHg) while the flow rate that was allowed to freely self-adjust was monitored. Under these conditions, evidence was obtained for both alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation of @entity26 consumption ( @entity4962 ) in contrast to constant-flow perfusion, which has only convincingly shown alpha-adrenergic stimulation of @entity4962 in response to adrenergic agents. Addition of @entity1063 (NE; 1-33 nM) led to an increase in @entity4962 with a maximum of 29% above the basal value at 3.3 nM, even though the flow rate decreased. @entity2647 (3.3-33 nM) and @entity1951 (10-100 pM) also showed similar, but lesser in magnitude, vasoconstriction-associated stimulatory effects on @entity4962 . @entity3159 (an alpha 1-antagonist) completely reversed the NE-mediated decrease in flow rate and significantly blocked the increased @entity4962 . In contrast, @entity3044 (10-1,000 nM) increased both flow rate (30%) and @entity4962 (32%). The @entity3044 -stimulated @entity4962 was not blocked by the beta 1-, beta 2-antagonist @entity1169 (10 microM), although the increased flow was reversed. In the presence of @entity1169 (1 or 10 microM), BRL-35135A (a beta 3-agonist) also stimulated @entity4962 (18%) without significant change in flow rate. These results lend further support to the role of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor in muscle @entity4962 . In addition there is evidence for the presence of a functional @entity18635 as an additional subtype responsible for NE-mediated thermogenesis in the @entity35 hindlimb.

title: Constant-pressure perfusion of @entity35 hindlimb shows alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation of XXXX consumption.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Isolated @entity35 hindlimbs were perfused at 37 degrees C and constant physiological pressure (80 +/- 0.5 mmHg) while the flow rate that was allowed to freely self-adjust was monitored. Under these conditions, evidence was obtained for both alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation of @entity26 consumption ( @entity4962 ) in contrast to constant-flow perfusion, which has only convincingly shown alpha-adrenergic stimulation of @entity4962 in response to adrenergic agents. Addition of @entity1063 (NE; 1-33 nM) led to an increase in @entity4962 with a maximum of 29% above the basal value at 3.3 nM, even though the flow rate decreased. @entity2647 (3.3-33 nM) and @entity1951 (10-100 pM) also showed similar, but lesser in magnitude, vasoconstriction-associated stimulatory effects on @entity4962 . @entity3159 (an alpha 1-antagonist) completely reversed the NE-mediated decrease in flow rate and significantly blocked the increased @entity4962 . In contrast, @entity3044 (10-1,000 nM) increased both flow rate (30%) and @entity4962 (32%). The @entity3044 -stimulated @entity4962 was not blocked by the beta 1-, beta 2-antagonist @entity1169 (10 microM), although the increased flow was reversed. In the presence of @entity1169 (1 or 10 microM), BRL-35135A (a beta 3-agonist) also stimulated @entity4962 (18%) without significant change in flow rate. These results lend further support to the role of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor in muscle @entity4962 . In addition there is evidence for the presence of a functional @entity18635 as an additional subtype responsible for NE-mediated thermogenesis in the @entity35 hindlimb.

title: Constant-pressure perfusion of XXXX hindlimb shows alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation of @entity26 consumption.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The factors associated with outcome of @entity1 with nonocclusive @entity5327 are poorly defined. METHODS: Over a 7-year period, 34 consecutive @entity1 with nonocclusive @entity5327 were identified. RESULTS: The mean age of the study @entity1 was 63 years (range 31 to 94); 21 of 34 (62%) were @entity1 . The mean delay in diagnosis was 31 hours (range 7 hours to 6 days). Seven of 34 (21%) underwent preoperative visceral arteriography. Two of these 7 required surgery, and both died as a result of @entity1188 . The remaining 27 had the diagnosis made at celiotomy. Among the 29 who were explored, 16 of 29 (55%) had @entity1188 . Twenty-one of 29 (72%) had @entity130 whereas 8 of 29 (28%) had @entity130 . Among those with segmental @entity1188 , primary @entity254 was performed in 12 of 21 @entity1 (57%); 5 of the 12 (42%) died. Nine of 21 @entity1 (43%) underwent delayed @entity254 ; 2 of the 9 (22%) died. No @entity1 with @entity130 underwent primary @entity254 . Second-look laparotomy was performed on 22 of 29 (76%). Eleven of those 22 (50%) had a further bowel resection. Overall, 16 of 29 (55%) who underwent surgery for nonocclusive @entity5327 are alive. CONCLUSIONS: Improved survival from nonocclusive @entity5327 is dependent upon the identification of high-risk groups, aggressive reexploration, and delayed intestinal @entity254 .

title: Improved outcome by identification of high-risk nonocclusive @entity5327 , aggressive reexploration, and delayed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'intestinal infarction']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['segmental bowel injury', 'massive injury']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The factors associated with outcome of @entity1 with nonocclusive @entity5327 are poorly defined. METHODS: Over a 7-year period, 34 consecutive @entity1 with nonocclusive @entity5327 were identified. RESULTS: The mean age of the study @entity1 was 63 years (range 31 to 94); 21 of 34 (62%) were @entity1 . The mean delay in diagnosis was 31 hours (range 7 hours to 6 days). Seven of 34 (21%) underwent preoperative visceral arteriography. Two of these 7 required surgery, and both died as a result of @entity1188 . The remaining 27 had the diagnosis made at celiotomy. Among the 29 who were explored, 16 of 29 (55%) had @entity1188 . Twenty-one of 29 (72%) had @entity130 whereas 8 of 29 (28%) had @entity130 . Among those with segmental @entity1188 , primary @entity254 was performed in 12 of 21 @entity1 (57%); 5 of the 12 (42%) died. Nine of 21 @entity1 (43%) underwent delayed @entity254 ; 2 of the 9 (22%) died. No @entity1 with @entity130 underwent primary @entity254 . Second-look laparotomy was performed on 22 of 29 (76%). Eleven of those 22 (50%) had a further bowel resection. Overall, 16 of 29 (55%) who underwent surgery for nonocclusive @entity5327 are alive. CONCLUSIONS: Improved survival from nonocclusive @entity5327 is dependent upon the identification of high-risk groups, aggressive reexploration, and delayed intestinal @entity254 .

title: Improved outcome by identification of high-risk nonocclusive XXXX , aggressive reexploration, and delayed @entity254 .

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to determine if the outcome of antireflux surgery can be improved by: (1) conducting a careful preoperative workup to characterize @entity354 ( @entity354 ) in the individual @entity1 ; and (2) tailoring the operation to the results of the preoperative function tests. @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity1 had operations for @entity354 by minimally invasive techniques. RESULTS: A Rossetti fundoplication was performed in 22 @entity1 . Sixty-eight percent became asymptomatic. Twenty-seven percent developed @entity1282 or gas bloat. Thirty-five @entity1 had a Nissen fundoplication. Ninety-one percent are asymptomatic. Eleven @entity1 with severe abnormalities of esophageal peristalsis underwent a Guarner fundoplication with relief of symptoms in 82% of @entity1 . No @entity1 in the Nissen or Guarner group developed postoperative persistent @entity1282 or gas bloat. A pyloromyotomy was performed in 3 @entity1 because of severe delayed @entity356 . CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive surgery for @entity354 gives good-to-excellent results even in @entity1 with abnormal esophageal body function, provided that the operation is tailored to the individual @entity1 based on the results of the preoperative function tests.

title: Minimally invasive surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A gradual change in the management of @entity130 has occurred at our institution. This study was therefore undertaken to determine whether changes in management of @entity130 influenced outcomes during the past 30 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study of @entity1 admitted with @entity130 between 1965 and 1994 was performed. Two hundred seven @entity1 were identified and demographic and outcome data were recorded. @entity1 were then grouped based upon the period in which they received treatment (ie, Period I [1965 to 1974], Period II [1975 to 1984], and Period III [1985 to 1994]), and the type of treatment received (ie, splenectomy, splenorrhaphy, or observation). RESULTS: More @entity1 were treated in Period III than in the other two periods, and Period III @entity1 had shorter hospital stays. Splenectomy was solely used during Period I; splenorrhaphy and observation were occasionally performed during Period II; and splenectomy, splenorrhaphy, and observation were performed in near-equal numbers during Period III. Mortality was similar for each period, though Injury Severity Scores (ISS) were higher during later years. When compared by treatment modality, @entity1 receiving splenectomy had higher ISS and @entity130 classifications. CONCLUSION: @entity1 treated by splenorrhaphy and observation for @entity130 have markedly increased over the past 30 years without adverse outcome.

title: Changing trends in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'splenic trauma', 'splenic injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic injury']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether warming of @entity3303 decreases the @entity158 of its injection during @entity616 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. INTERVENTIONS: Twenty healthy volunteers received bilateral digital nerve blocks of their middle finger. They were first randomly assigned to receive either room-temperature (21 degrees C) or heated (42 degrees C) 2% @entity3303 in their first block. They were then randomly assigned to receive the first block in either the right or left hand. The blocks were performed in a standardized fashion by a single physician, who was blinded to which solution was being used. The volunteers rated the @entity158 of each digital block on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). Efficacy of each digital block was tested at 5 minutes. RESULTS: Heating of the @entity3303 was associated with a significantly lower median @entity227 score (31.5 versus 25.0; P < .05). There was no difference in @entity158 score between the two solutions in relation to which hand was used (P = .29) or whether the injection was the first or the second (P = .37). When all factors (temperature, order, and hand) were considered in the ANOVA with respect to @entity227 score, the only significant relation found was that between the temperature of the solution and the @entity227 score (P = .028). CONCLUSION: Heating of @entity3303 decreases the @entity158 of injection during @entity616 .

title: Randomized double-blind controlled trial comparing room-temperature and heated XXXX for @entity616 .

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['digital nerve block']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether warming of @entity3303 decreases the @entity158 of its injection during @entity616 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. INTERVENTIONS: Twenty healthy volunteers received bilateral digital nerve blocks of their middle finger. They were first randomly assigned to receive either room-temperature (21 degrees C) or heated (42 degrees C) 2% @entity3303 in their first block. They were then randomly assigned to receive the first block in either the right or left hand. The blocks were performed in a standardized fashion by a single physician, who was blinded to which solution was being used. The volunteers rated the @entity158 of each digital block on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS). Efficacy of each digital block was tested at 5 minutes. RESULTS: Heating of the @entity3303 was associated with a significantly lower median @entity227 score (31.5 versus 25.0; P < .05). There was no difference in @entity158 score between the two solutions in relation to which hand was used (P = .29) or whether the injection was the first or the second (P = .37). When all factors (temperature, order, and hand) were considered in the ANOVA with respect to @entity227 score, the only significant relation found was that between the temperature of the solution and the @entity227 score (P = .028). CONCLUSION: Heating of @entity3303 decreases the @entity158 of injection during @entity616 .

title: Randomized double-blind controlled trial comparing room-temperature and heated @entity3303 for XXXX .

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['digital nerve block']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic effect of IM @entity3285 with that of oral @entity3352 in the treatment of @entity3811 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel group clinical trial. SETTING: Two urban emergency departments. @entity1 : Twenty consecutive @entity1 who presented to the @entity2613 with @entity697 . INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity1 was randomly assigned to receive in the @entity2613 (1) 60 mg of IM @entity6058 and oral placebo or (2) 50 mg of oral @entity3352 and IM placebo. The @entity1 rated the intensity of their @entity158 on a Wong-Baker @entity158 scale (which runs from 0 to 5) before treatment and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after treatment. All the @entity1 were discharged with instructions to take oral @entity3352 and to complete @entity158 score cards at home at 6, 12, and 24 hours. RESULTS: The 10 @entity1 in each group were similar with regard to age, sex, race, and initial mean @entity158 score. After 2 hours, the mean @entity158 scores (+/- SD) for the @entity6058 group had decreased from 4.5 +/- .71 to 1.4 +/- 1.43 (P < .05), and the mean score for the @entity3352 group had decreased from 4.4 +/- .70 to 1.5 +/- 1.18 (P < .05). The difference between the two groups was not significant. At 6 hours, there was some @entity158 rebound in the @entity6058 group. CONCLUSION: IM @entity6058 and oral @entity3352 are similar in the relief of the @entity158 of @entity3811 in the @entity2613 .

title: Randomized double-blind comparison of the analgesic efficacy of intramuscular @entity6058 and oral XXXX in the treatment of @entity3811 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gout']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['acute gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity3285 :: ('MESH:D020911', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['indomethacin']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic effect of IM @entity3285 with that of oral @entity3352 in the treatment of @entity3811 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel group clinical trial. SETTING: Two urban emergency departments. @entity1 : Twenty consecutive @entity1 who presented to the @entity2613 with @entity697 . INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity1 was randomly assigned to receive in the @entity2613 (1) 60 mg of IM @entity6058 and oral placebo or (2) 50 mg of oral @entity3352 and IM placebo. The @entity1 rated the intensity of their @entity158 on a Wong-Baker @entity158 scale (which runs from 0 to 5) before treatment and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after treatment. All the @entity1 were discharged with instructions to take oral @entity3352 and to complete @entity158 score cards at home at 6, 12, and 24 hours. RESULTS: The 10 @entity1 in each group were similar with regard to age, sex, race, and initial mean @entity158 score. After 2 hours, the mean @entity158 scores (+/- SD) for the @entity6058 group had decreased from 4.5 +/- .71 to 1.4 +/- 1.43 (P < .05), and the mean score for the @entity3352 group had decreased from 4.4 +/- .70 to 1.5 +/- 1.18 (P < .05). The difference between the two groups was not significant. At 6 hours, there was some @entity158 rebound in the @entity6058 group. CONCLUSION: IM @entity6058 and oral @entity3352 are similar in the relief of the @entity158 of @entity3811 in the @entity2613 .

title: Randomized double-blind comparison of the analgesic efficacy of intramuscular XXXX and oral @entity3352 in the treatment of @entity3811 .

answer: @entity6058 :: (MESH:D020910,Chemical) :: ['ketorolac']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic effect of IM @entity3285 with that of oral @entity3352 in the treatment of @entity3811 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled, parallel group clinical trial. SETTING: Two urban emergency departments. @entity1 : Twenty consecutive @entity1 who presented to the @entity2613 with @entity697 . INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity1 was randomly assigned to receive in the @entity2613 (1) 60 mg of IM @entity6058 and oral placebo or (2) 50 mg of oral @entity3352 and IM placebo. The @entity1 rated the intensity of their @entity158 on a Wong-Baker @entity158 scale (which runs from 0 to 5) before treatment and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after treatment. All the @entity1 were discharged with instructions to take oral @entity3352 and to complete @entity158 score cards at home at 6, 12, and 24 hours. RESULTS: The 10 @entity1 in each group were similar with regard to age, sex, race, and initial mean @entity158 score. After 2 hours, the mean @entity158 scores (+/- SD) for the @entity6058 group had decreased from 4.5 +/- .71 to 1.4 +/- 1.43 (P < .05), and the mean score for the @entity3352 group had decreased from 4.4 +/- .70 to 1.5 +/- 1.18 (P < .05). The difference between the two groups was not significant. At 6 hours, there was some @entity158 rebound in the @entity6058 group. CONCLUSION: IM @entity6058 and oral @entity3352 are similar in the relief of the @entity158 of @entity3811 in the @entity2613 .

title: Randomized double-blind comparison of the analgesic efficacy of intramuscular @entity6058 and oral @entity3352 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3811 :: (MESH:D015210,Disease) :: ['acute gouty arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical management and outcome of @entity6677 can be affected by chorionicity. In @entity2099 , @entity5617 has been associated with dichorionic (DC) and monochorionic placentation. Studies evaluating triplet pregnancy outcomes in relation to chorionicity have been few and may not reflect contemporary antenatal and neonatal care. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare obstetric and perinatal outcomes in DC and trichorionic (TC) @entity2099 . STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity2099 that delivered at >= 20 weeks' gestation at 2 Chicago area hospitals from January 1999 through December 2010. Chorionicity was determined by pathology specimen. Maternal and @entity1 charts were reviewed for obstetric and perinatal outcomes. RESULTS: The study population included 159 pregnancies (477 neonates) of which 108 were TC (67.9%) and 51 were DC (32.1%). Over 94% of mothers in this study had all 3 @entity1 survive to discharge regardless of chorionicity. No difference was found in perinatal mortality rate between DC and TC triplets (3.3% vs 4.6%; P  = .3). DC triplets were significantly more likely to be very low birthweight (41.8% vs 22.2%; odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.2; P  = .02) and to deliver at <30 weeks (25.5% vs 8.3%; odds ratio, 6.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-19.4; P  =  .002) compared to TC triplets. Criteria for @entity14244 ( @entity14244 ) were present in 3 DC @entity2099 (5.9%). Neonates in pregnancies complicated by @entity14244 were less likely to survive 28  days as compared to neonates from DC pregnancies that were not affected by @entity14244 (P  = .02) or TC neonates (P  = .02) Neonatal survival was similar in DC pregnancies not affected by @entity14244 and TC pregnancies (98.6% and 96.6%; P  = .7). CONCLUSION: Although perinatal mortality did not correlate with chorionicity, DC pregnancies were more likely to deliver <30 weeks' gestational age and have very low birthweight neonates. Neonatal mortality appears to be mediated by the presence or absence of @entity14244 as 28-day survival was worse in DC pregnancies complicated by @entity14244 , but similar between DC pregnancies not affected by @entity14244 and TC pregnancies.

title: Perinatal and obstetric outcomes of dichorionic vs trichorionic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['multiple gestation']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['triplet pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome', 'TTTS']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity2099 :: (MESH:D011254,Disease) :: ['triplet pregnancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term prevalence of @entity6134 associated with the use of SmartPlugs. METHODS: This retrospective study included 42 eyes of 25 @entity936 @entity1 at our institution who received a SmartPlug insertion between 2004 and 2008. Irrigation of the lacrimal system was performed in all @entity1 prior to SmartPlug insertion to ensure the patency of the system. The median follow-up time was 7.9 (5.6-10.5) years after plug insertion. RESULTS: Six @entity1 (seven eyes) of 25 @entity1 (42 eyes) developed @entity6134 . The prevalence of @entity6134 per @entity1 was 24%, and the prevalence of @entity6134 per SmartPlug was 16.6%. The median time from SmartPlug insertion to the onset of @entity6134 was 4.7 (1.4-6.0) years. The median age of the affected @entity1 was 61.5 (36-74) years. Five of these @entity1 were @entity1 and one was @entity1 . The pathogens were identified as Actinomyces in four eyes and as @entity794 in three eyes. In five @entity1 (six eyes), the @entity6134 was resolved by the application of topical antibiotics and repeated lacrimal irrigations with antibiotics and @entity4279 . In one @entity1 , a canaliculotomy was necessary to cure the condition. CONCLUSIONS: The late onset of complications after SmartPlug insertion requires long-term observation to identify the majority of complications associated with SmartPlugs. In our @entity1 with a follow-up of up to 10.5   years, the use of SmartPlugs was associated with the highest prevalence of @entity6134 published thus far.

title: Prevalence of XXXX after smartplug insertion during long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6134 :: ('MESH:C538406', 'Disease') :: ['canaliculitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

answer: @entity6134 :: (MESH:C538406,Disease) :: ['canaliculitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether common conditions in early childhood, such as @entity565 and @entity2673 (mainly @entity11795 ), affect height during later childhood and in adult life. DESIGN: Longitudinal follow up of subjects in the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study. Data from the birth survey and ages 7, 11, 16, and 23 were used. SUBJECTS: 12,537 subjects remaining in the study at age 23, representing 76% of the target population, cohort members still alive and resident in Britain. RESULTS: Heights of @entity1 with @entity56 , acute or @entity5539 , or @entity565 /wheezy @entity3617 did not differ by age 7 from those of @entity1 without such illnesses. When @entity565 was graded by severity, there was a trend (not significant) for the severe group to be shorter at ages 16 and 23. Although @entity1 with a @entity102 by age 7 were on average almost 0.5 cm shorter than @entity1 without such illnesses, this difference was reduced by half and was not significant after adjusting for maternal height, birth weight, parity, and social class at birth. However, a marked and long lasting effect was found for @entity1 with @entity2673 who at age 7 were significantly shorter, by a mean of 0.77 cm. Within this group, enuretic @entity1 with a problem at age 11 were more than 1 cm shorter in adulthood, even allowing for other height related factors. CONCLUSIONS: Common childhood illnesses do not appear to affect height, either in the short or in the long term, although exceptions include @entity102 and @entity11795 . The value of height as an indicator of @entity1 health status in an industrialised country such as Britain requires further reassessment.

title: @entity565 , XXXX , and @entity102 : long term impact on height.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial illness']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic illness']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity11795 :: (MESH:D004775,Disease) :: ['enuresis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether common conditions in early childhood, such as @entity565 and @entity2673 (mainly @entity11795 ), affect height during later childhood and in adult life. DESIGN: Longitudinal follow up of subjects in the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study. Data from the birth survey and ages 7, 11, 16, and 23 were used. SUBJECTS: 12,537 subjects remaining in the study at age 23, representing 76% of the target population, cohort members still alive and resident in Britain. RESULTS: Heights of @entity1 with @entity56 , acute or @entity5539 , or @entity565 /wheezy @entity3617 did not differ by age 7 from those of @entity1 without such illnesses. When @entity565 was graded by severity, there was a trend (not significant) for the severe group to be shorter at ages 16 and 23. Although @entity1 with a @entity102 by age 7 were on average almost 0.5 cm shorter than @entity1 without such illnesses, this difference was reduced by half and was not significant after adjusting for maternal height, birth weight, parity, and social class at birth. However, a marked and long lasting effect was found for @entity1 with @entity2673 who at age 7 were significantly shorter, by a mean of 0.77 cm. Within this group, enuretic @entity1 with a problem at age 11 were more than 1 cm shorter in adulthood, even allowing for other height related factors. CONCLUSIONS: Common childhood illnesses do not appear to affect height, either in the short or in the long term, although exceptions include @entity102 and @entity11795 . The value of height as an indicator of @entity1 health status in an industrialised country such as Britain requires further reassessment.

title: @entity565 , @entity11795 , and XXXX : long term impact on height.

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether common conditions in early childhood, such as @entity565 and @entity2673 (mainly @entity11795 ), affect height during later childhood and in adult life. DESIGN: Longitudinal follow up of subjects in the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study. Data from the birth survey and ages 7, 11, 16, and 23 were used. SUBJECTS: 12,537 subjects remaining in the study at age 23, representing 76% of the target population, cohort members still alive and resident in Britain. RESULTS: Heights of @entity1 with @entity56 , acute or @entity5539 , or @entity565 /wheezy @entity3617 did not differ by age 7 from those of @entity1 without such illnesses. When @entity565 was graded by severity, there was a trend (not significant) for the severe group to be shorter at ages 16 and 23. Although @entity1 with a @entity102 by age 7 were on average almost 0.5 cm shorter than @entity1 without such illnesses, this difference was reduced by half and was not significant after adjusting for maternal height, birth weight, parity, and social class at birth. However, a marked and long lasting effect was found for @entity1 with @entity2673 who at age 7 were significantly shorter, by a mean of 0.77 cm. Within this group, enuretic @entity1 with a problem at age 11 were more than 1 cm shorter in adulthood, even allowing for other height related factors. CONCLUSIONS: Common childhood illnesses do not appear to affect height, either in the short or in the long term, although exceptions include @entity102 and @entity11795 . The value of height as an indicator of @entity1 health status in an industrialised country such as Britain requires further reassessment.

title: XXXX , @entity11795 , and @entity102 : long term impact on height.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: The impact of @entity505 source variation on the physical and chemical characteristics of aerobic granular sludge and its biological nutrient ( @entity1568 and @entity3151 ) removal performance was investigated. Two identical sequencing batch reactors, R1 and R2, were set up. Granular biomass was cultivated to maturity using @entity598 -based synthetic wastewater. After mature granules in both reactors with simultaneous chemical @entity26 demand (COD), @entity16764 and @entity3151 removal capability were achieved, the feed of R2 was changed to municipal wastewater and R1 was continued on synthetic feed as control. Biological @entity3151 removal was completely inhibited in R2 due to lack of readily biodegradable COD; however, the biomass maintained high @entity16764 and COD removal efficiencies. The disintegration of the granules in R2 occurred during the first two weeks after the change of feed, but it did not have significant impacts on settling properties of the sludge. Re-granulation of the biomass in R2 was then observed within 30 d after granules' disintegration when the biomass acclimated to the new substrate. The granular biomass in R1 and R2 maintained a Sludge Volume Index close to 60 and 47 mL g(-1), respectively, during the experimental period. It was concluded that changing the @entity505 source from readily biodegradable @entity598 to the more complex ones present in municipal wastewater did not have significant impacts on aerobic granular sludge characteristics; it particularly did not affect its settling properties. However, sufficient readily biodegradable @entity505 would have to be provided to maintain simultaneous biological @entity1507 and @entity3151 removal.

title: Influence of XXXX source on nutrient removal performance and physical-chemical characteristics of aerobic granular sludge.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disinfection by-products are contaminants produced during drinking water disinfection. Several DBPs have been implicated in a variety of toxic effects, mainly carcinogenic and genotoxic effects. Moreover, DBPs exposure has also been associated with an increased risk of developmental effects. In this study, the developmental @entity137 and genotoxicity of 10 DBPs (four trihalomethanes [THMs], five haloacetic acids [HAAs] and sodium bromate) in the @entity3392 embryo model were evaluated. Embryos exposed for 72 hours were observed for different endpoints such as growth, hatching success, @entity600 and lethality. THMs exposure resulted in adverse developmental effects and a significant reduced tail length. Two HAAs, tribromoacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid, along with sodium bromate were found to cause a significant increase in @entity600 rate. Chloroform, chlorodibromomethane and sodium bromate produced a weak induction of DNA damage to whole embryos. However, developmental effects occurred at a range of concentrations (20-100  g/mL) several orders of magnitude above the levels that can be attained in fetal blood in @entity1 exposed to chlorinated water. In conclusion, the teratogenic and genotoxic activity observed by some DBPs in @entity3392 reinforce the view that there is a weak capacity of disinfection products to cause developmental effects at environmentally relevant concentrations.

title: Developmental effects and genotoxicity of 10 water disinfection by-products in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: The acquisition of FSH receptor during preantral folliculogenesis is believed to be a key step in the subsequent development of follicles. We examined the interaction between activin and @entity268 in FSH receptor induction in @entity35 granulosa cells by measuring 125I-FSH binding and FSH receptor mRNA. In the 125I-FSH binding study, 0.2 mM @entity7410 and 1 microM @entity1928 were maximally effective in FSH receptor induction (169 and 220% respectively of control), while higher concentrations gave attenuated responses. It appears that @entity268 has ambivalent effects on FSH receptor induction depending on the concentration and length of exposure. Activin alone dramatically increased the number of FSH receptors (314% of control). Moreover, synergistic effects of activin and @entity7410 or @entity1928 were observed on FSH receptor induction: a combination of activin (80 ng/ml) and low doses of @entity7410 (0.2 mM) or @entity1928 (1 microM) was most effective (160 or 140% of that induced by activin alone) and receptor levels reached a maximum at 24 h. These levels than markedly decreased after 72 h of incubation. Northern blot analysis revealed that the combination of activin (80 ng/ml) and @entity7410 (0.2 mM) or @entity1928 (1 microM) increased FSH receptor mRNA to about 140% of that induced by activin alone. These results indicate that activin and @entity268 induced FSH receptor synergistically. However, activin did not enhance the production of @entity268 induced by @entity1928 . In addition, a protein kinase A inhibitor (H89) (2 microM), which inhibited the effects of @entity1928 , had no effect on the action of activin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Interaction between activin A and XXXX in the induction of FSH receptor in cultured @entity35 granulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: The acquisition of FSH receptor during preantral folliculogenesis is believed to be a key step in the subsequent development of follicles. We examined the interaction between activin and @entity268 in FSH receptor induction in @entity35 granulosa cells by measuring 125I-FSH binding and FSH receptor mRNA. In the 125I-FSH binding study, 0.2 mM @entity7410 and 1 microM @entity1928 were maximally effective in FSH receptor induction (169 and 220% respectively of control), while higher concentrations gave attenuated responses. It appears that @entity268 has ambivalent effects on FSH receptor induction depending on the concentration and length of exposure. Activin alone dramatically increased the number of FSH receptors (314% of control). Moreover, synergistic effects of activin and @entity7410 or @entity1928 were observed on FSH receptor induction: a combination of activin (80 ng/ml) and low doses of @entity7410 (0.2 mM) or @entity1928 (1 microM) was most effective (160 or 140% of that induced by activin alone) and receptor levels reached a maximum at 24 h. These levels than markedly decreased after 72 h of incubation. Northern blot analysis revealed that the combination of activin (80 ng/ml) and @entity7410 (0.2 mM) or @entity1928 (1 microM) increased FSH receptor mRNA to about 140% of that induced by activin alone. These results indicate that activin and @entity268 induced FSH receptor synergistically. However, activin did not enhance the production of @entity268 induced by @entity1928 . In addition, a protein kinase A inhibitor (H89) (2 microM), which inhibited the effects of @entity1928 , had no effect on the action of activin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Interaction between activin A and @entity268 in the induction of FSH receptor in cultured XXXX granulosa cells.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A number of operative techniques have been described for the treatment of herniated @entity1514 . The transfacet pedicle-sparing approach allows for @entity1797 limited spinal column disruption and soft-tissue dissection. Fifteen cadaveric spinal columns were used for evaluation of exposure, development of thoracic microdiscectomy instrumentation, and establishment of morphometric measurements. This approach was used to remove eight @entity1514 in six @entity1 . Levels of herniation ranged from T-7 through @entity3138 . Preoperatively, all @entity1 had moderate to severe @entity158 , and three (50%) of the six had @entity158 . @entity602 was present in four (67%) of the six @entity1 . Through a 4-cm opening, the ipsilateral paraspinal muscles were reflected, and a partial facetectomy was performed. The disc was then removed using specially designed microscopic instrumentation. Postoperatively, the @entity614 resolved in all @entity1 . @entity158 and @entity602 were completely resolved or significantly improved in all @entity1 . The minimal amount of bone resection and muscle dissection involved in the operation allows for: 1) decreased operative time and @entity190 ; 2) diminished perioperative @entity158 ; 3) shorter hospitalization time and faster return to premorbid activity; 4) avoidance of closed chest tube drainage; and 5) preservation of the integrity of the facet-pedicle complex, with potential for improvement in outcome related to @entity158 . This technique appears best suited for the removal of all centrolateral discs, although it has been used successfully for treating a disc occupying nearly the entire ventral canal. The initial experience suggests that this approach may be used to safely remove appropriately selected @entity890 with good results.

title: The transfacet pedicle-sparing approach for XXXX : cadaveric morphometric analysis and preliminary clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['complete disc removal with']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'Myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic discs']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Axial pain', 'pain', 'axial pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic disc herniations']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic disc removal']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal bypass changes the gut microbiota and decreases systemic @entity5694 in @entity28 subjects. Epithelial barrier integrity is crucial for confining enteric bacteria in the lumen and preventing gut-derived @entity5694 . The effect of bypass surgery on intestinal barrier functions remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in intestinal permeability and gut barrier between @entity35 receiving Roux-en-Y duodenojejunal bypass (DJB) or sham operation (SO). METHODS: Eighteen @entity35 were assigned to DJB or SO groups. Tissues of the alimentary, biliopancreatic, and common limbs in the small intestine, and the colon, were collected 2  weeks after operation. Mucosa-associated bacteria were quantified by colony forming units. Intestinal permeability was determined by mucosal-to-serosal dextran flux measured in Ussing chambers. Expression of @entity659 and @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) in the intestinal mucosa was examined by western blots. RESULTS: Enteric bacterial numbers were increased in the alimentary and common limbs after DJB. Reduced dextran permeability was found in the alimentary limb, common limb, and colon after DJB. Moreover, increased villus height and crypt depth were found to be associated with higher mucosal levels of @entity659 and @entity1975 levels in the alimentary and common limbs after DJB. CONCLUSIONS: DJB in @entity35 altered gut microbiota and reduced intestinal permeability due to increased epithelial proliferation and tight junctional protein expression. Our results show that bypass surgery led to fortification of the intestinal barrier functions, which may provide an explanation for the decreased risk of systemic @entity5694 in postoperative @entity1 .

title: Duodenojejunal Bypass Leads to Altered Gut Microbiota and Strengthened Epithelial Barriers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to systematically evaluate the efficacy of commonly used non-surgical treatments in acute care of adults with @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ). METHODS: A systematic approach was used to search eight electronic databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining analgesic medications, passive physical therapies, bed rest or orthoses. Data on @entity158 , activity/participation and adverse events were extracted. Methodological quality and quality of evidence were assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale (score range 0-10) and the GRADE criteria, respectively. RESULTS: Five RCTs (total n  =  350) were identified including one placebo-controlled and four controlled trials examining analgesics (2 studies) and orthoses (3). PEDro scores ranged from 4 to 7. The overall quality of evidence ranged from very low to low. In two trials, spinal orthoses provided significantly higher medium-term @entity158 relief [pooled standardized mean differences (SMD): -1.47, 95  % confidence interval (CI) -1.82, -1.13; I (2)  =  0  %] and disability reduction (pooled SMD: -1.73, 95  % CI -2.09, -1.37; I (2)  =  0  %) than no intervention. Immediate- and short-term @entity158 effects of @entity3522 (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and @entity1340 (a strong opioid) were demonstrated when compared to a Chinese medicine, whereas non-significant effects were found for @entity1288 and @entity20708 (strong opioids) in a placebo-controlled trial. Low/insufficient statistical power, co-interventions and potential conflict of interest might have influenced the results. CONCLUSIONS: At present, there is insufficient evidence to inform conservative care for @entity12761 related to VCF. Large, multinational, placebo/sham-controlled trials to address this gap in evidence are needed.

title: The efficacy of conservative treatment of @entity3814 on XXXX relief: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures', 'VCFs']

entities_list: @entity20708 :: ('MESH:C523979', 'Chemical') :: ['tapentadol']

answer: @entity12761 :: (MESH:D059787,Disease) :: ['acute pain']