abstract: BACKGROUND: Aberrant mitochondrial function, including excessive reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1 diseases. The use of mitochondrial inhibitors to ascertain the sites in the electron transport chain (ETC) resulting in altered ROS production can be an important tool. However, the response of @entity19 mitochondria to ETC inhibitors has not been thoroughly assessed. Here we set out to characterize the differences in phenotypic response to ETC inhibitors between the more energetically demanding brain mitochondria and less energetically demanding liver mitochondria in commonly utilized C57BL/6J @entity19 . RESULTS: We show that in contrast to brain mitochondria, inhibiting distally within complex I or within complex III does not increase liver mitochondrial ROS production supported by complex I substrates, and liver mitochondrial ROS production supported by complex II substrates occurred primarily independent of membrane potential. Complex I, II, and III enzymatic activities and membrane potential were equivalent between liver and brain and responded to ETC. inhibitors similarly. Brain mitochondria exhibited an approximately two-fold increase in complex I and II supported respiration compared with liver mitochondria while exhibiting similar responses to inhibitors. Elevated @entity2125 transport and heightened complex II-III coupled activity accounted for increased complex I and II supported respiration, respectively in brain mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that important mechanistic differences exist between @entity19 liver and brain mitochondria and that @entity19 mitochondria exhibit phenotypic differences compared with mitochondria from other species.

title: Respiration and substrate transport rates as well as reactive XXXX species production distinguish mitochondria from brain and liver.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The correlation of multidrug resistance(MDR) phenotype with clinical response to chemotherapy was investigated in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHOD: Tumor specimens prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 36 cases of @entity5 were collected for detection of @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) with anti- @entity7895 monoclonal antibodies (JSB-I). Immunohistochemical assays were used for @entity1262 detection on 5 microns thick frozen section. Anti- @entity7895 monoclonal antibodies(JSB-I) as primary antibodies and goat anti-mouse IgG monoclonal antibodies as second antibodies were applied. All @entity1 received preoperative induction chemotherapy with a regimen of @entity900 , @entity1487 and @entity7290 . Evaluation for @entity5 response was scored as follows: Response to chemotherapy was graded as good for complete response or partial response; as poor for stable disease or @entity74 . RESULT: Of the 36 pretreatment specimens, 12(33.3%) were @entity1262 positive and 24 (66.7%) were @entity1262 negative. Among the 12 @entity1 with @entity1262 positive, 3(25%) had a good response and 9(75%) had a poor response. Of the 24 @entity1 with @entity1262 negative, 21(87.5%) had a good response and 3(12.5%) had a poor response (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These preliminary data suggest that a significant correlation between MDR phenotype, @entity7895 -mediated and chemotherapy resistance existed.

title: [The correlation of multidrug resistance phenotype with clinical response to chemotherapy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity7290 :: ('MESH:C025703', 'Chemical') :: ['pingyangmycin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To better understand the @entity980 in ear nose and throat and make correct diagnosis. METHOD: 17 @entity1 with @entity980 in ear nose and throat were investigated. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: Among 17 @entity1 with @entity980 , three @entity1 were in stage I, four @entity1 were in stage II, eight @entity1 were in stage III and two @entity1 were in stage IV. It is the commonest in nose and predisposed to male. The clinic presentations were related to the size and location of @entity5 . Comprehensive therapy was need in most of @entity1 . Poor prognosis was noted in this disease. CONCLUSION: This disease is easy to misdiagnose. Early diagnosis and comprehensive therapy will make contribution to better prognosis.

title: [Clinical analysis of 17 cases XXXX in ear nose and throat].

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The circumferential resection margin (CRM) is a significant prognostic factor for local recurrence, distant @entity3 , and survival after @entity5 surgery. Therefore, availability of this parameter is essential. Although the Dutch total mesorectal excision trial raised awareness about CRM in the late 1990s, quality assurance on pathologic reporting was not available until the Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit (DSCA) started in 2009. The present study describes the rates of CRM reporting and involvement since the start of the DSCA and analyzes whether improvement of these parameters can be attributed to the audit. METHODS: Data from the DSCA (2009-2013) were analyzed. Reporting of CRM and CRM involvement was plotted for successive years, and variations of these parameters were analyzed in a funnelplot. Predictors of CRM involvement were determined in univariable analysis and the independent influence of year of registration on CRM involvement was analyzed in multivariable analysis. RESULTS: A total of 12,669 @entity1 were included for analysis. The mean percentage of @entity1 with a reported CRM increased from 52.7% to 94.2% (2009-2013) and interhospital variation decreased. The percentage of @entity1 with CRM involvement decreased from 14.2% to 5.6%. In multivariable analysis, the year of DSCA registration remained a significant predictor of CRM involvement. CONCLUSIONS: After the introduction of the DSCA, a dramatic improvement in CRM reporting and a major decrease of CRM involvement after @entity5 surgery have occurred. This study suggests that a national quality assurance program has been the driving force behind these achievements.

title: Reduced Circumferential Resection Margin Involvement in XXXX Surgery: Results of the Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity17050 congenita (PC) is a rare @entity272 caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in one of five genes encoding keratin ( @entity10642 , @entity16552 , @entity25867 , @entity10773 or @entity9531 ; each defining one PC subtype). @entity158 is a prominent symptom, but its severity and type are poorly characterized. METHODS: In total, 35 genotyped US @entity1 with PC consented to clinical assessment including the quality of life (QoL) questionnaire EQ-5D-3L, the Brief @entity158 Inventory (BPI) and painDETECT. Abbreviated quantitative sensory testing (QST) was also performed, and included @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ), mechanical @entity158 threshold (MPT), wind-up @entity158 ratio (WUR) and vibration detection threshold (VDT). RESULTS: Significant @entity158 in @entity1 with PC was confirmed, as indicated by mean BPI severity and interference of 4.2      1.7 and 4.4      2.2, respectively, as well as @entity73 , as indicated by mean EQ-5D index of 0.69      0.18. PD identified @entity9 in 62% of @entity1 , the remainder being nociceptive. The painDETECT score was most significantly related to EQ-5D index (R(2)   =  0.26, P  =  0.02). The @entity9531 and @entity10642 subtypes exhibited significantly worse QoL (0.584 and 0.613 respectively) than the @entity10773 and @entity16552 subtypes (P  =  0.02). In QST analysis, abnormal pressure @entity158 (assessed as MPT) was frequently observed, with more than half of @entity1 with PC affected (54%), and 57% of @entity1 with @entity9531 also exhibiting abnormality in minimum touch threshold (assessed as @entity3883 , P  <  0.05). Very few @entity1 were receiving analgesic therapy appropriate for @entity9 . CONCLUSION: Significant @entity9 was observed in PC, which warrants appropriate treatment. The health states observed in this sample are at a level that the average US citizen would forfeit one-third of their remaining lifespan to avoid.

title: Can @entity272 cause @entity9 ? A study in XXXX congenita.

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['MDT', 'mechanical detection threshold']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['QoL impairment']

entities_list: @entity17050 :: ('MESH:D009264', 'Disease') :: ['Pachyonychia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorder']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity17050 :: (MESH:D009264,Disease) :: ['pachyonychia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity17050 congenita (PC) is a rare @entity272 caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in one of five genes encoding keratin ( @entity10642 , @entity16552 , @entity25867 , @entity10773 or @entity9531 ; each defining one PC subtype). @entity158 is a prominent symptom, but its severity and type are poorly characterized. METHODS: In total, 35 genotyped US @entity1 with PC consented to clinical assessment including the quality of life (QoL) questionnaire EQ-5D-3L, the Brief @entity158 Inventory (BPI) and painDETECT. Abbreviated quantitative sensory testing (QST) was also performed, and included @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ), mechanical @entity158 threshold (MPT), wind-up @entity158 ratio (WUR) and vibration detection threshold (VDT). RESULTS: Significant @entity158 in @entity1 with PC was confirmed, as indicated by mean BPI severity and interference of 4.2      1.7 and 4.4      2.2, respectively, as well as @entity73 , as indicated by mean EQ-5D index of 0.69      0.18. PD identified @entity9 in 62% of @entity1 , the remainder being nociceptive. The painDETECT score was most significantly related to EQ-5D index (R(2)   =  0.26, P  =  0.02). The @entity9531 and @entity10642 subtypes exhibited significantly worse QoL (0.584 and 0.613 respectively) than the @entity10773 and @entity16552 subtypes (P  =  0.02). In QST analysis, abnormal pressure @entity158 (assessed as MPT) was frequently observed, with more than half of @entity1 with PC affected (54%), and 57% of @entity1 with @entity9531 also exhibiting abnormality in minimum touch threshold (assessed as @entity3883 , P  <  0.05). Very few @entity1 were receiving analgesic therapy appropriate for @entity9 . CONCLUSION: Significant @entity9 was observed in PC, which warrants appropriate treatment. The health states observed in this sample are at a level that the average US citizen would forfeit one-third of their remaining lifespan to avoid.

title: Can @entity272 cause XXXX ? A study in @entity17050 congenita.

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity17050 congenita (PC) is a rare @entity272 caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in one of five genes encoding keratin ( @entity10642 , @entity16552 , @entity25867 , @entity10773 or @entity9531 ; each defining one PC subtype). @entity158 is a prominent symptom, but its severity and type are poorly characterized. METHODS: In total, 35 genotyped US @entity1 with PC consented to clinical assessment including the quality of life (QoL) questionnaire EQ-5D-3L, the Brief @entity158 Inventory (BPI) and painDETECT. Abbreviated quantitative sensory testing (QST) was also performed, and included @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ), mechanical @entity158 threshold (MPT), wind-up @entity158 ratio (WUR) and vibration detection threshold (VDT). RESULTS: Significant @entity158 in @entity1 with PC was confirmed, as indicated by mean BPI severity and interference of 4.2      1.7 and 4.4      2.2, respectively, as well as @entity73 , as indicated by mean EQ-5D index of 0.69      0.18. PD identified @entity9 in 62% of @entity1 , the remainder being nociceptive. The painDETECT score was most significantly related to EQ-5D index (R(2)   =  0.26, P  =  0.02). The @entity9531 and @entity10642 subtypes exhibited significantly worse QoL (0.584 and 0.613 respectively) than the @entity10773 and @entity16552 subtypes (P  =  0.02). In QST analysis, abnormal pressure @entity158 (assessed as MPT) was frequently observed, with more than half of @entity1 with PC affected (54%), and 57% of @entity1 with @entity9531 also exhibiting abnormality in minimum touch threshold (assessed as @entity3883 , P  <  0.05). Very few @entity1 were receiving analgesic therapy appropriate for @entity9 . CONCLUSION: Significant @entity9 was observed in PC, which warrants appropriate treatment. The health states observed in this sample are at a level that the average US citizen would forfeit one-third of their remaining lifespan to avoid.

title: Can XXXX cause @entity9 ? A study in @entity17050 congenita.

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin disease']


abstract: Osmotic pumps containing @entity526 -derived recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 (rhG-CSF) were attached to indwelling jugular vein catheters and implanted subcutaneously into Golden @entity329 . Within 3 days, peripheral granulocyte counts had increased greater than 10-fold with a concomitant 4-fold increase in total leukocytes. Microscopic examination of Wright-Giemsa-stained blood smears from rhG-CSF hamsters showed that only the neutrophil subpopulation of granulocytes had increased. No significant changes in lymphocyte or monocyte counts were observed during the course of continuous rhG-CSF treatment. After subcutaneous injection at rhG-CSF doses of up to 10 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1 only granulocyte counts were affected. However, at higher dose levels, a transient @entity882 was noted. Erythrocyte had lymphocyte/monocyte counts remained unaffected by rhG-CSF over the entire dose range (0.3-300 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1) studied. Total leukocyte counts increased 3-fold within 12 hr after a single s.c. injection of rhG-CSF. This early effect was associated with an increase in the total number of colony-forming cells and the percent of active cycling cells in the marrow. A sustained elevation of peripheral leukocyte and marrow progenitor counts was observed following seven daily s.c. injections of rhG-CSF. The ability of rhG-CSF to increase the production and release of granulocytes from the marrow may underlie the beneficial effect it produced on the restoration of peripheral leukocyte counts in hamsters made leukopenic by treatment with @entity1487 .

title: In vivo stimulation of granulopoiesis by recombinant @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: Osmotic pumps containing @entity526 -derived recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 (rhG-CSF) were attached to indwelling jugular vein catheters and implanted subcutaneously into Golden @entity329 . Within 3 days, peripheral granulocyte counts had increased greater than 10-fold with a concomitant 4-fold increase in total leukocytes. Microscopic examination of Wright-Giemsa-stained blood smears from rhG-CSF hamsters showed that only the neutrophil subpopulation of granulocytes had increased. No significant changes in lymphocyte or monocyte counts were observed during the course of continuous rhG-CSF treatment. After subcutaneous injection at rhG-CSF doses of up to 10 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1 only granulocyte counts were affected. However, at higher dose levels, a transient @entity882 was noted. Erythrocyte had lymphocyte/monocyte counts remained unaffected by rhG-CSF over the entire dose range (0.3-300 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1) studied. Total leukocyte counts increased 3-fold within 12 hr after a single s.c. injection of rhG-CSF. This early effect was associated with an increase in the total number of colony-forming cells and the percent of active cycling cells in the marrow. A sustained elevation of peripheral leukocyte and marrow progenitor counts was observed following seven daily s.c. injections of rhG-CSF. The ability of rhG-CSF to increase the production and release of granulocytes from the marrow may underlie the beneficial effect it produced on the restoration of peripheral leukocyte counts in hamsters made leukopenic by treatment with @entity1487 .

title: In vivo stimulation of granulopoiesis by recombinant XXXX @entity1261 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Recent studies have indicated that @entity2414 is a common @entity73 related to long-term @entity167 consumption. Such deficits range from subtle disturbance through a "subclinical" @entity2730 to full-blown @entity9137 . This finding is congenial with the hypothesized continuum of @entity167 -related @entity2414 . Among alcoholics, this @entity2414 appears to be etiologically distinct from the commonly observed deficits in abstracting and problem-solving abilities. In the present chapter, a dual and a unitary formulation of memory are contrasted in their ability to present a coherent account of what memory tasks Korsakoff amnesics can and cannot do. The explanations offered by unitary theory are weak compared to those derived from the theory that memory consists of two distinct systems--experiential and abstractive memory. We indicate how the pattern of responding on standard clinical tests of memory can be coherently analyzed post hoc within the dual formulation. A number of experimental predictions are also presented based on the theory that Korsakoff amnesics have a profound impairment of experiential memory, whereas the abstractive system is essentially normal. Such experiments should clarify the nature both of Korsakoff @entity2730 and of memory itself. In conclusion, we indicated that @entity2414 related to @entity988 can be understood in terms of a gradient, or continuum, of impairment of the experiential system.

title: The chronic effects of XXXX on memory. A contrast between a unitary and dual system approach.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnesia', 'amnesic disorder']

entities_list: @entity9137 :: ('MESH:D020915', 'Disease') :: ['Korsakoff syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disorders', 'memory impairment', 'impairment of memory']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3002 comprises an excessive nervous and @entity148 response to the high-pressure environment preceding a sporting competition. The use of acupuncture as a treatment option for @entity148 , and wrist-ankle acupuncture (WAA) specifically in this instance, has been identified as a growing trend within the Western world. In our previous study, we have confirmed the efficacy of WAA for pre-examination @entity148 . In this paper, we present a randomized controlled single-blind trial evaluating the use of WAA for @entity3002 , comparing it with the intervention of sham acupuncture. METHODS/DESIGN: The study was designed as a randomized controlled single-blind trial to evaluate the effects of WAA for precompetition @entity148 . The trial will be conducted in annual track and field events of Shanghai University of Sport. A total of 100 @entity1 who meet inclusion criteria are randomly assigned by computerized randomization to receive WAA therapy or sham acupuncture. The group allocations and interventions are concealed to @entity1 and statisticians. The Competition State Anxiety Scale (CSAI-2) is used as the primary outcome measure, while heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory frequency, tension syndrome curative effect evaluation and @entity1 ' feeling of acupuncture questionnaire are applied as secondary outcome measures. DISCUSSION: The results of this trial will confirm whether WAA is effective to treat precompetition @entity148 in annual track and field events. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-13003931; registration date: 22 October 2013).

title: Wrist-ankle acupuncture (WAA) for XXXX : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['Precompetition nervous syndrome', 'precompetition nervous syndrome']

answer: @entity3002 :: (MESH:D009421,Disease) :: ['precompetition nervous syndrome']


abstract: @entity3243 is a rare @entity5 and its clinical course is variable. Differentiation of @entity1 with @entity3243 from those with @entity3243 is often difficult both preoperatively and at operation. For good results, the surgeon must recognize this disorder and perform an en bloc resection at the initial surgery. A neck dissection is necessary only when there is evidence of regional node @entity3 . After surgery, periodic follow-up of the serum @entity460 and iPTH levels is essential. When @entity2741 recurs or the serum iPTH increases, localization studies with the use of @entity4214 -201 scanning help detect local recurrence and regional lymph node @entity3 , but unfortunately, this method often fails to localize pulmonary @entity3 . Chest radiographs and CT scanning are useful for delineating pulmonary @entity3 . A wide excision of locally recurrent @entity5 , an en bloc radical neck dissection and mediastinum dissection for lymphatic @entity3 , and an aggressive surgical resection of lung @entity3 are recommended. Although these operations are rarely curative, they usually offer definite palliation of the marked @entity2741 , often for a considerable period. Drugs to lower the serum @entity460 level and systemic chemotherapy are currently of only limited benefit, and radiation therapy is generally ineffective.

title: How to recognize and treat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma', 'Parathyroid carcinoma', 'parathyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The pCONus is a new stent featuring a distal end that opens like a blossoming flower with four petals. The device is implanted in the @entity439 sac at the level of the neck. We report our initial experience in a series of @entity1 treated with this device. METHODS: This retrospective study was approved by the authors' ethics committees. 18 @entity1 with 19 unruptured wide neck bifurcation @entity438 ( @entity438 ) were treated by pCONus placement and coiling. Technical issues, immediate post treatment angiographic findings, and clinical and imaging follow-up were assessed. RESULTS: Embolization was successful in all @entity1 . There were 11 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 with a mean age of 60   years. Median @entity439 size was 9   mm (range 5.5-25   mm). The device was precisely placed and detached in all cases, allowing for subsequent coiling. Two @entity1 experienced a symptomatic complication, one of which, a @entity1031 , was related to the use of the pCONus. This @entity1 had a slight hand paresis. 16 @entity1 had a normal neurological examination at discharge. Immediate anatomical results were 13 complete occlusions, 2 neck remnants, and 4 incomplete occlusions. Imaging follow-up was obtained in 12 @entity1 (mean 9.5   months, range 2-24 months) and showed 9 stable occlusions and 3 recanalizations, of which 2 were retreated. CONCLUSIONS: In this initial series of @entity1 , endovascular treatment of wide neck bifurcation IAs with the pCONus was feasible, with acceptable clinical and anatomical outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the indications, safety, and efficacy of this new device.

title: The pCONus device for the endovascular treatment of wide neck bifurcation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'IA']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: Between 1994 and 1999, 88 @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) @entity1 were included in a phase II study to evaluate a tandem autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) programme. The first was conditioned with @entity3601 200 mg/m2 (MEL200- @entity19498 ), and the second with @entity786 , @entity2879 and @entity3600 (CBV- @entity13462 ). All @entity1 were in response after MEL200- @entity19498 . A control group of @entity1582 @entity1 with response to a single ASCT was selected to compare outcomes. After MEL200- @entity19498 , 26 @entity1 (30%) achieved complete remission (CR). Of the remaining 48 evaluable @entity1 , 16 (33%) achieved CR with CBV- @entity13462 . The final CR rate was 48%. The 5-year survival ( @entity3012 ) was 55%[95% confidence interval (CI) 43-67%] while the event-free survival (EFS) was 28% (95% CI 15-39%). CR status after CBV- @entity13462 was the most important prognostic factor for @entity3012 and EFS (P = 0.00001), although no differences in outcomes were detected when the @entity1 in CR after MEL200- @entity19498 were compared with those who obtained CR after CBV- @entity13462 . Univariate and multivariate analyses showed improved @entity3012 and EFS for the tandem series as compared with the control series treated with a single MEL200-ASCT. However, in a stratified comparison by response, there were no prognostic differences between tandem @entity1 and control @entity1 treated with a single ASCT. In summary, our study suggests that the benefit of a second high-dose therapy course depends on its capacity to result in CR for @entity1582 @entity1 who have not attained CR after @entity19498 .

title: Tandem transplants with different high-dose regimens improve the complete remission rates in XXXX . Results of a Grupo Espa  ol de S  ndromes Linfoproliferativos/Trasplante Aut  logo de M  dula Osea phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Introduction @entity1699 with an intact atrial septum is a poor predictor of outcomes. Prenatal assessment of pulmonary venous Doppler and emergent postnatal cardiac intervention may be associated with better outcomes. Materials and methods A retrospective review of all @entity1699 @entity1 in two centres over a 5-year period was performed. Group 1 included @entity1 with adequate inter-atrial communication. Group 2 included @entity1 with prenatal diagnosis with an intact atrial septum who had immediate transcatheter intervention. Group 3 included @entity1 with intact atrial septum who were not prenatally diagnosed and underwent either delayed intervention or no intervention before stage 1 palliation. Primary outcome was survival up to stage 2 palliation. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1699 with a restrictive atrial communication was 11.2% (n=19 of 170). Overall survival to stage 2 or heart transplantation was 85% and 67% for Groups 1 and 2, respectively (n=129/151, n=8/12; p=0.03), and 0% (n=0/7) for Group 3. Survival benefits were observed between Groups 2 and 3 (p<0.001). Foetal pulmonary vein Doppler reverse/forward velocity time integral ratio of    18% (sensitivity, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.58-1; specificity, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.96-1) was predictive of the need for emergent left atrial decompression. CONCLUSION: Using a multidisciplinary approach and foetal pulmonary vein Doppler, time-saving measures can be instituted by delivering prenatally diagnosed neonates with @entity1699 with intact atrial septum close to the cardiac catheterisation suite where left atrial decompression can be performed quickly and safely that may improve survival.

title: Management of XXXX with intact atrial septum: a two-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'Hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: A complete set of subtelomeric fluorescent DNA probes, except the acrocentric p-arms, was developed in 1996, was optimized in 1998, and is commercially available. These and other fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes have been used to detect anomalies of the subtelomere regions among groups of @entity1 with @entity1032 (MR), @entity245 ( @entity245 ), and/or @entity154 ( @entity154 ), and individuals with multiple miscarriages (MM) who were karyotypically normal by standard G-banding techniques. METHODS: A total of 425 @entity1 were analyzed, of whom 372 had idiopathic MR/ @entity245 / @entity154 and 53 were involved in MM. An effort was made to select individuals for this study who were either normal karyotypically or who had @entity2008 that were inconclusive by banded chromosome analysis, although this was not always possible. RESULTS: Anomalies involving the subtelomere regions were detected at a frequency of 6.8% in the MR/ @entity245 / @entity154 group. The cryptic or subtle anomalies are estimated to be about 3.4%. It was necessary to use @entity24328 , chromosome, and locus specific FISH probes to clarify some of the abnormalities. No abnormalities were detected in the MM group. Deletion variants were present for 2qter, 7pter, and Xpter/Ypter subtelomeric regions ranging from <1 to 9.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The subtelomeric FISH probes are instrumental in the detection of @entity154 in a significant proportion, although no more than 50% are subtle, of @entity1 with idiopathic MR/ @entity245 / @entity154 . In some cases, however, it was necessary to use other FISH probes to clarify the nature of these abnormalities. No @entity854 were detected in our group of 53 MM @entity1 , suggesting a relatively low frequency of occurrence in this @entity1 population.

title: Utility of subtelomeric fluorescent DNA probes for detection of XXXX in 425 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['nonspecific dysmorphic features', 'subtelomeric anomalies', 'NDF']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['DD', 'developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['subtelomeric abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['subtle chromosomal anomalies']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['chromosome anomalies']


abstract: PURPOSE: A complete set of subtelomeric fluorescent DNA probes, except the acrocentric p-arms, was developed in 1996, was optimized in 1998, and is commercially available. These and other fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes have been used to detect anomalies of the subtelomere regions among groups of @entity1 with @entity1032 (MR), @entity245 ( @entity245 ), and/or @entity154 ( @entity154 ), and individuals with multiple miscarriages (MM) who were karyotypically normal by standard G-banding techniques. METHODS: A total of 425 @entity1 were analyzed, of whom 372 had idiopathic MR/ @entity245 / @entity154 and 53 were involved in MM. An effort was made to select individuals for this study who were either normal karyotypically or who had @entity2008 that were inconclusive by banded chromosome analysis, although this was not always possible. RESULTS: Anomalies involving the subtelomere regions were detected at a frequency of 6.8% in the MR/ @entity245 / @entity154 group. The cryptic or subtle anomalies are estimated to be about 3.4%. It was necessary to use @entity24328 , chromosome, and locus specific FISH probes to clarify some of the abnormalities. No abnormalities were detected in the MM group. Deletion variants were present for 2qter, 7pter, and Xpter/Ypter subtelomeric regions ranging from <1 to 9.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The subtelomeric FISH probes are instrumental in the detection of @entity154 in a significant proportion, although no more than 50% are subtle, of @entity1 with idiopathic MR/ @entity245 / @entity154 . In some cases, however, it was necessary to use other FISH probes to clarify the nature of these abnormalities. No @entity854 were detected in our group of 53 MM @entity1 , suggesting a relatively low frequency of occurrence in this @entity1 population.

title: Utility of subtelomeric fluorescent DNA probes for detection of @entity2008 in 425 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The overlap of metabolites is a major limitation in one-dimensional (1D) spectral-based single-voxel @entity7748 and multivoxel-based MRSI. By combining echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) with a two-dimensional (2D) J-resolved spectroscopic (JPRESS) sequence, 2D spectra can be recorded in multiple locations in a single slice of prostate using four-dimensional (4D) echo planar J-resolved spectroscopic imaging (EP-JRESI). The goal of the present work was to validate two different non-linear reconstruction methods independently using compressed sensing-based 4D EP-JRESI in @entity263 ( @entity263 ): maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and total variation (TV). Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity263 with a mean age of 63.8 years (range, 46-79 years) were investigated in this study. A 4D non-uniformly undersampled (NUS) EP-JRESI sequence was implemented on a Siemens 3-T MRI scanner. The NUS data were reconstructed using two non-linear reconstruction methods, namely MaxEnt and TV. Using both TV and MaxEnt reconstruction methods, the following observations were made in @entity5 compared with non- @entity5 locations: (i) higher mean ( @entity1877 + @entity908 )/ @entity3736 metabolite ratios; (ii) increased levels of ( @entity1877 + @entity908 )/ @entity8037 and ( @entity1877 + @entity908 )/ @entity8580 ; and (iii) decreased levels of ( @entity1877 + @entity908 )/( @entity3264 + @entity3264 ). We have shown that it is possible to accelerate the 4D EP-JRESI sequence by four times and that the data can be reliably reconstructed using the TV and MaxEnt methods. The total acquisition duration was less than 13 min and we were able to detect and quantify several metabolites. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Accelerated echo planar J-resolved spectroscopic imaging in XXXX : a pilot validation of non-linear reconstruction using total variation and maximum entropy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol']

entities_list: @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine', 'glutamate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We conducted a systematic search to describe the current state of knowledge regarding the utility of saliva for clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring (CPM) of antibiotics. Although the majority of identified studies lacked sufficient pharmacokinetic data needed to assign an appropriate suitability classification, most @entity581 , @entity2887 , @entity7187 , @entity114 / @entity2886 , and @entity2930 are likely not suitable for CPM in saliva. No clear pattern of correlation was observed between physiochemical properties that favor drug distribution into saliva and the likelihood of the antibiotic being classified as suitable for CPM in saliva (and vice versa). Insufficient data were available to determine if pathophysiological conditions affected salivary distribution of antibiotics. Additional confirmatory data are required for drugs (especially in @entity1 ) that are deemed likely suitable for CPM in saliva because only a few studies were available and many focused only on healthy subjects. All studies identified had relatively small sample sizes and exhibited large variability. Very few studies reported salivary collection parameters (e.g., salivary flow, pH) that could potentially have some impact on drug distribution into saliva. The available data are heavily weighted on healthy subjects, and insufficient data were available to determine if pathophysiology had effects on saliva drug distribution. Some studies also lacked assay sensitivity for detecting antibiotics in saliva. Overall, this review can be useful to clinicians who desire an overview on the suitability of saliva for conducting CPM of specific antibiotics, or for researchers who wish to fill the identified knowledge gaps to move the science of salivary CPM further.

title: A Qualitative Review on the Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in Saliva: Implications on Clinical Pharmacokinetic Monitoring in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillins']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Humans']


abstract: @entity2106 and adult @entity1381 ( @entity2106 / @entity11849 ) have a substantial mortality rate even with currently available treatments. Although therapeutic plasma exchange is the recommended treatment of @entity2106 / @entity11849 , this cumbersome procedure may not be available for all @entity1 in an emergency. In this context, plasma infusion may represent an alternative first-line therapy. We compared the effectiveness of high-dose plasma infusion (25-30 mL/kg per day) and therapeutic plasma exchange as first-line treatment of adult @entity2106 / @entity11849 at a single center. Two groups of @entity1 with @entity2106 / @entity11849 were identified according to their initial therapy, that is, high-dose plasma infusion (19 @entity1 ) and therapeutic plasma exchange (18 @entity1 ). Clinical charts and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Endpoints for comparison were the duration of platelet counts below 150 x 10 /L and LDH levels above normal values; the volumes of plasma administered and the duration of treatment; complete remission, relapse, and mortality rates; and treatment-related complications. @entity1 of the 2 groups had comparable clinical and laboratory features on admission. Sixteen @entity1 achieved complete remission in each group. Median times to recovery of platelet counts and LDH levels were comparable between the 2 groups. Eight @entity1 in the high-dose plasma infusion (HD-PI) group were switched to therapeutic plasma exchange because of @entity1284 (6 @entity1 ), persistent biologic disturbances (1 @entity1 ), or @entity16715 to high-dose plasma infusion treatment (1 @entity1 ). This latter @entity1 had severe @entity2106 / @entity11849 that remained refractory to therapeutic plasma exchange and @entity1891 , and rapidly died. All 7 remaining @entity1 achieved complete remission with therapeutic plasma exchange. Four @entity1 in the HD-PI group and 3 @entity1 in the therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) group died. In the HD-PI group, 5 @entity1 experienced a transient @entity1985 -range @entity644 during treatment. Main complications in the TPE group were collapse (1 @entity1 ) and central @entity1212 (2 @entity1 ) or @entity715 (1 @entity1 ). Three @entity1 in each group relapsed. High-dose plasma infusion may be an efficient treatment of @entity2106 / @entity11849 in @entity1 who cannot have early plasma exchange. However, the large volumes of plasma required to reach complete remission may result in @entity1284 , which may necessitate subsequent therapeutic plasma exchange.

title: High-dose plasma infusion versus plasma exchange as early treatment of XXXX / @entity1381 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['venous catheter infection']

entities_list: @entity16715 :: ('MESH:C567934', 'Disease') :: ['unresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic-uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['fluid overload']

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: @entity2106 and adult @entity1381 ( @entity2106 / @entity11849 ) have a substantial mortality rate even with currently available treatments. Although therapeutic plasma exchange is the recommended treatment of @entity2106 / @entity11849 , this cumbersome procedure may not be available for all @entity1 in an emergency. In this context, plasma infusion may represent an alternative first-line therapy. We compared the effectiveness of high-dose plasma infusion (25-30 mL/kg per day) and therapeutic plasma exchange as first-line treatment of adult @entity2106 / @entity11849 at a single center. Two groups of @entity1 with @entity2106 / @entity11849 were identified according to their initial therapy, that is, high-dose plasma infusion (19 @entity1 ) and therapeutic plasma exchange (18 @entity1 ). Clinical charts and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Endpoints for comparison were the duration of platelet counts below 150 x 10 /L and LDH levels above normal values; the volumes of plasma administered and the duration of treatment; complete remission, relapse, and mortality rates; and treatment-related complications. @entity1 of the 2 groups had comparable clinical and laboratory features on admission. Sixteen @entity1 achieved complete remission in each group. Median times to recovery of platelet counts and LDH levels were comparable between the 2 groups. Eight @entity1 in the high-dose plasma infusion (HD-PI) group were switched to therapeutic plasma exchange because of @entity1284 (6 @entity1 ), persistent biologic disturbances (1 @entity1 ), or @entity16715 to high-dose plasma infusion treatment (1 @entity1 ). This latter @entity1 had severe @entity2106 / @entity11849 that remained refractory to therapeutic plasma exchange and @entity1891 , and rapidly died. All 7 remaining @entity1 achieved complete remission with therapeutic plasma exchange. Four @entity1 in the HD-PI group and 3 @entity1 in the therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) group died. In the HD-PI group, 5 @entity1 experienced a transient @entity1985 -range @entity644 during treatment. Main complications in the TPE group were collapse (1 @entity1 ) and central @entity1212 (2 @entity1 ) or @entity715 (1 @entity1 ). Three @entity1 in each group relapsed. High-dose plasma infusion may be an efficient treatment of @entity2106 / @entity11849 in @entity1 who cannot have early plasma exchange. However, the large volumes of plasma required to reach complete remission may result in @entity1284 , which may necessitate subsequent therapeutic plasma exchange.

title: High-dose plasma infusion versus plasma exchange as early treatment of @entity2106 / XXXX .

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['hemolytic-uremic syndrome']


abstract: Both @entity4207 ( @entity4207 ) and Goal Management Training (GMT) have been shown effective cognitive rehabilitation methods aimed at optimizing the performance on everyday skills after @entity1545 . We examine whether a combination of @entity4207 and GMT is superior to traditional GMT for training complex daily tasks in brain-injured @entity1 with @entity409 . This was an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in 67 @entity1 with @entity73 due to @entity1545 of non-progressive nature (minimal post-onset time: 3 months), referred for outpatient rehabilitation. Individually selected everyday tasks were trained using 8 sessions of an experimental combination of @entity4207 and GMT or via conventional GMT, which follows a @entity2246 . Primary outcome measure was everyday task performance assessed after treatment compared to baseline. Goal attainment scaling, rated by both trainers and @entity1 , was used as secondary outcome measure. @entity4207 -GMT improved everyday task performance significantly more than conventional GMT (adjusted difference 15.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] [4.52, 26.35]; Cohen's d=0.74). Goal attainment, as scored by the trainers, was significantly higher after @entity4207 -GMT compared to conventional GMT (mean difference 7.34, 95% CI [2.99, 11.68]; Cohen's d=0.87). The @entity1 ' goal attainment scores did not differ between the two treatment arms (mean difference 3.51, 95% CI [-1.41, 8.44]). Our study is the first to show that preventing the occurrence of errors during executive strategy training enhances the acquisition of everyday activities. A combined @entity4207 -GMT intervention is a valuable contribution to cognitive rehabilitation in clinical practice.

title: Do Old Errors Always Lead to New Truths? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Errorless Goal Management Training in Brain-Injured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['executive impairments']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['errorless learning', 'EL']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['trial-and-error approach']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report @entity692 (HA) implant enhancement patterns on magnetic resonance (MR) images at varying time intervals after implantation. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 45 consecutive @entity1 (from one author's practice) who underwent an MR imaging study 2 to 157 months after HA orbital implant placement. Implant fibrovascular ingrowth was assessed by analyzing the extent of implant enhancement seen on MR imaging. RESULTS Of 21 @entity1 undergoing @entity7241 T1-weighted MR imaging 2 to 7 weeks after HA placement, 15 had enhancement limited to the implant rim (Grade I or less). Five @entity1 had peripheral foci of enhancement (Grade II), and one @entity1 had foci of enhancement extending to the center of the implant (Grade III). MR images obtained 9 to 15 weeks after HA insertion in all 14 @entity1 had some degree of central enhancement (Grade III) and 11 had homogeneous enhancement throughout the implant (Grade IV or V). Seven @entity1 in the homogeneous group were believed to have particularly intense enhancement patterns (Grade V). Of the 10 @entity1 undergoing MR imaging from 31 to 69 weeks after surgery, 5 had Grade III enhancement and 5 had Grade IV enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated consistent central HA orbital implant enhancement on MR imaging in the 9- to 15-week group and the >31-week postoperative group. HA orbital implant drilling and peg placement should be performed after central vascularization of the spherical implant has occurred. The results of this study support the principle of performing orbital implant drilling and peg placement at least 5 to 6 months after HA implant insertion.

title: XXXX orbital implant vascularization assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-DTPA']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyapatite']


abstract: The effects of sera from male type I (insulin-dependent) diabetics in variable metabolic control were studied on the proliferation and the synthesis of hyaluronic acid, collagen and non-collagenous proteins in cultured @entity1 aortic smooth muscle cells (HSMCs). Sera from diabetics in poor metabolic control had a decreased growth-promoting effect on HSMCs as compared with that of sera from non- @entity6 healthy male controls. The synthesis of hyaluronic acid in HSMCs was increased in the presence of type I @entity6 sera, irrespective of the metabolic control of serum donors. The synthesis of collagen by HSMCs was stimulated only by the @entity6 sera which were derived from diabetics in poor metabolic control. The synthesis of non-collagenous proteins in HSMCs was not affected by type I @entity6 sera. The stimulatory effect of @entity6 sera on hyaluronic acid synthesis by HSMCs correlated inversely with plasma HDL @entity165 of serum donors, whereas the effect of @entity6 sera on DNA and collagen syntheses in HSMCs showed an inverse correlation with plasma @entity1674 of serum donors. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I did not correlate with the above functions of HSMCs. Addition of insulin and growth hormone directly into HSMC cultures had no effect on the proliferation or synthesis of connective tissue macromolecules of HSMCs. The results suggest that type I @entity6 sera contain factors other than insulin, growth hormone or insulin-like growth factor-I that affect the proliferation and synthesis of @entity4023 and collagen of HSMCs in culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of sera from male type I (insulin-dependent) diabetics on XXXX aortic smooth muscle cells in culture.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Studies on early life @entity281 and risk of @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) are inconsistent but have mostly been limited to retrospective designs, inpatient data, or insufficient statistical power. We aimed to test whether early life @entity281 are associated with increased risk of later @entity1593 using prospective population-based data. METHODS: This study, based on the Norwegian Mother and @entity1 Cohort Study, includes prospective, repeated assessments of parent-reported infectious disease data up to 18 months of age for 72,921 @entity1 born between 2000 and 2009. @entity1593 was identified through parental questionnaires and the Norwegian @entity1 Registry. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios adjusted for @entity1 's age and sex (aOR). RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 8.5 years (range, 4.5-14.5), 581 @entity1 (0.8%) were diagnosed with @entity1593 . @entity1 with >= 10 @entity281 (>= fourth quartile) up to age 18 months had a significantly higher risk of later @entity1593 , as compared with @entity1 with  <=4 @entity281 ( <=first quartile; aOR=1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-1.65; per increase in infectious episodes, aOR=1.03; 95% CI=1.02-1.05). The aORs per increase in specific types of @entity281 were as follows: @entity1729 : 1.03 (95% CI=1.02-1.05); lower respiratory tract @entity281 : 1.12 (95% CI=1.01-1.23); and @entity1902 : 1.05 (95% CI=0.99-1.11). Additional adjustments for maternal @entity1593 , education level, smoking, birth weight, prematurity, @entity1 feeding practices, birth season, and antibiotic treatment yielded largely unchanged results. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first large-scale population-based cohort study of this association. Our results are in line with immunological data suggesting that early life @entity281 may have a role in @entity1593 development. However, non-causal explanations for this association due to surveillance bias and reverse causation cannot be excluded.

title: Infections and risk of XXXX in childhood: a prospective nationwide cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'Patient', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['later celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dendritic cells (DCs) are superior in their ability to induce and control adaptive immune responses. These qualities have motivated the hypothesis that targeted delivery of antigen to DCs in  vivo may be an effective way of enhancing immunization. Recent results show that antigen targeted to certain DC surface molecules may indeed induce robust immune responses. Targeting of antigen to DCs can be accomplished by the means of monoclonal antibodies. This study compared the humoral responses induced in @entity19 by in  vivo targeting of DCs using monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity11805 , @entity4302 , @entity13384 , @entity65396 , @entity39379 , @entity68823 , @entity72212 and PDC-TREM. The results demonstrate that antigen delivery to different targets on DCs in  vivo gives rise to humoral responses that differ in strength. Targeting of antigen to @entity11805 , @entity4302 , @entity13384 , @entity65396 , @entity39379 and PDC-TREM induced significantly stronger antibody responses compared to non-targeted isotype-matched controls. Targeting of @entity68823 and @entity72212 did not lead to efficient antibody responses, which may be due to unfavourable properties of the targeting antibody, in which case, other antibodies with the same specificity might elicit a different outcome. Anti- @entity11805 was additionally used for elucidating the impact of the route of vaccination, and the results showed only minor differences between the antibody responses induced after immunization either s.c., i.v. or i.p. Altogether, these data show that targeting of different surface molecules on DCs result in very different antibody responses and that, even in the absence of adjuvants, strong humoral responses was induced.

title: Enhanced Humoral Responses Induced by Targeting of Antigen to XXXX Dendritic Cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: Quantification of @entity1 hemoglobin (Hb) is essential for diagnosis of @entity417 , especially for screening for @entity2395 and @entity3458 . The main methods currently used for quantification of Hb, including spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, and electrochemical assays, are all based on the structural integrity of Hb, which could be affected by @entity2142 and degradation. When used for disease screening, whole blood specimens cannot meet requirements for sample collecting, transport, and storage. Here, we report a novel MS-MS method for quantification of Hb from dried blood spots (DBS) by use of a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. Proteospecific peptides from a-globin chains were selected after tryptic digestion. The precursor    >    product ion transitions of representative peptides were studied to identify the best choice with regard to sensitivity and chromatographic properties. For quantification, stable isotope-labeled peptides were used as internal standards. The concentration of Hb in each sample was obtained by calculation on the basis of established equations. The precision of the method was within 15  % and accuracy was in the range -7 to 13.0  %. Compared with routine clinical results obtained by use of the automated hematology analyzer (AHA) assay, the correlation, r (2), was >0.993. When used for determination of @entity417 levels the sensitivity of the assay was 95.7  % and specificity 96.5  %. Our new approach for quantification of the concentration of Hb from DBS is feasible, and precision is acceptable. The method could be used for determination of @entity417 levels when screening for @entity74 . Graphical Abstract Quantification of @entity1 hemoglobin from digested dried blood spot samples using tandem mass spectrometry.

title: A novel method for quantification of XXXX hemoglobin from dried blood spots by use of tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobin disorders']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with immunoglobulin (Ig) A-k multiple @entity1582 in July 2007. After three courses of @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity619 (VAD) chemotherapy, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was performed and achieved a very good partial response. In February 2010, an increase in the M-protein concentration and plasmacytoma in the L3/4 lumbar vertebrae were observed, and radiation treatment was performed. This was followed by administrations of @entity1749 , @entity6985 , and @entity2816 , none of which achieved a good response. In November 2011, the @entity1 presented with @entity3883 , and imaging tests revealed @entity5 in the lower bile duct region and bilateral kidneys. @entity6872 was diagnosed from biopsy of the right renal mass. Radiotherapy to the common @entity1126 resulted in @entity1087 amelioration, but the @entity1 died despite subsequent treatment efforts. Autopsy revealed multiple extramedullary lesions in the abdominal cavity and in the region around the common bile duct. @entity13221 shedding was observed in the @entity1582 cells. We include a discussion of the literature on @entity13221 shedding and 38 reports of @entity3883 associated with extramedullary disease.

title: [Relapsed/refractory multiple @entity1582 with XXXX shedding and formation of extramedullary disease in the common bile duct region presenting as @entity3883 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['Plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumorous lesions']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct tumor']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity13221 :: (6382,Gene) :: ['CD138']


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with immunoglobulin (Ig) A-k multiple @entity1582 in July 2007. After three courses of @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity619 (VAD) chemotherapy, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was performed and achieved a very good partial response. In February 2010, an increase in the M-protein concentration and plasmacytoma in the L3/4 lumbar vertebrae were observed, and radiation treatment was performed. This was followed by administrations of @entity1749 , @entity6985 , and @entity2816 , none of which achieved a good response. In November 2011, the @entity1 presented with @entity3883 , and imaging tests revealed @entity5 in the lower bile duct region and bilateral kidneys. @entity6872 was diagnosed from biopsy of the right renal mass. Radiotherapy to the common @entity1126 resulted in @entity1087 amelioration, but the @entity1 died despite subsequent treatment efforts. Autopsy revealed multiple extramedullary lesions in the abdominal cavity and in the region around the common bile duct. @entity13221 shedding was observed in the @entity1582 cells. We include a discussion of the literature on @entity13221 shedding and 38 reports of @entity3883 associated with extramedullary disease.

title: [Relapsed/refractory multiple XXXX with @entity13221 shedding and formation of extramedullary disease in the common bile duct region presenting as @entity3883 ].

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with immunoglobulin (Ig) A-k multiple @entity1582 in July 2007. After three courses of @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity619 (VAD) chemotherapy, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was performed and achieved a very good partial response. In February 2010, an increase in the M-protein concentration and plasmacytoma in the L3/4 lumbar vertebrae were observed, and radiation treatment was performed. This was followed by administrations of @entity1749 , @entity6985 , and @entity2816 , none of which achieved a good response. In November 2011, the @entity1 presented with @entity3883 , and imaging tests revealed @entity5 in the lower bile duct region and bilateral kidneys. @entity6872 was diagnosed from biopsy of the right renal mass. Radiotherapy to the common @entity1126 resulted in @entity1087 amelioration, but the @entity1 died despite subsequent treatment efforts. Autopsy revealed multiple extramedullary lesions in the abdominal cavity and in the region around the common bile duct. @entity13221 shedding was observed in the @entity1582 cells. We include a discussion of the literature on @entity13221 shedding and 38 reports of @entity3883 associated with extramedullary disease.

title: [Relapsed/refractory multiple @entity1582 with @entity13221 shedding and formation of extramedullary disease in the common bile duct region presenting as XXXX ].

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['obstructive jaundice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Splanchnic artery areurysm is a rare but clinically relevant disease, showing a high mortality rate in emergency surgery. Reports on @entity439 are rare and often anecdotal. The aim of this study is to discuss data obtained from 16 @entity1 in a single vascular surgery center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1987 and December 2000, 16 @entity1 underwent surgery for splanchnic @entity438 . In 13 @entity1 the localization was single (in two associated with an infrarenal @entity1028 ) and in 3 @entity1 multiple. The arteries involved were: splenic (8), @entity4386 , superior mesenteric (3), ileocolic (2), and pancreatoduodenal (1). 13 @entity1 were asymptomatic and 3 presentec with @entity490 . All @entity1 underwent CT scan, and abdominal aortic and selective visceral artery angiography. Before surgery, all @entity1 underwent cerebral MR or cerebral CT scan. 13 @entity1 underwent open vascular surgery; 3 @entity1 (2 splenic and 1 hepatic) underwent endovascular procedure (angioembolization). Histological examination of the aneurysmal wall was obtained in 14 @entity1 . Ultrasound examination was performed after 6 months, then yearly. 14 @entity1 underwent abdominal CT scan during the long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Perioperative mortality was absent. 12 cases were classified as displastic, with minor or major secondary @entity731 changes, and in many cases severe calcications. 2 cases were classified as @entity731 . Cerebral MR did not show any cases of @entity1779 . One @entity1 was lost at follow-up after 9 years. One @entity1 showed a recurrence at 6 years (superior mesenteric artery): the @entity1 underwent a new surgical procedure and died 20 days after surgery for intestinal @entity1188 . All abdominal follow-up CT scans show good results of the vascular reconstruction and escluded other new visceral or aortic @entity439 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity438 are an uncommon form of @entity455 showing a high postoperative mortality rate in emergencies. Surgery, and in selected cases, endovascular treatment, can successfully manage splanchnic @entity455 and low recurrence.

title: XXXX : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms with few complications', 'abdominal vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'splanchnic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral displastric aneurismal disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'Visceral artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Visceral artery aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nutritional status is an important factor in predicting the risk associated with surgery for @entity5 @entity1 . This is especially true in @entity14 . Many nutritional assessments are used in clinical practice, but those assessments are rarely evaluated for their ability to predict postoperative outcome. METHODS: This is a retrospective, multi-institutional study of the ACS-NSQIP database, investigating preoperative nutrition status and its association with postoperative mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity3147 is higher in @entity14 , when compared with other most common @entity5 . Among 42,483 @entity14 @entity1 postoperative mortality was significantly associated with @entity4988 (hazard ratio = 3.064, p < 0.001), body @entity353 (hazard ratio = 1.229, p = 0.033) and body mass index of <18.5 kg/m(2) (hazard ratio = 1.797, p < 0.001). Only @entity4988 significantly predicted all @entity260 , even in further multivariate logistic regression analyses (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the @entity4988 group had the highest coefficient in significant association with length of total hospital stay (B = 3.585, p < 0.001) and overall complication (B = 0.119, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity14 , @entity3147 significantly contributes to postoperative mortality, morbidity and length of total hospital stay. @entity4988 , with levels below 3.5 g/dl, serves as an excellent assessment tool and preoperative predictor of postoperative outcomes.

title: Preoperative XXXX assessments as predictors of postoperative mortality and morbidity in @entity14 : an analysis of ACS-NSQIP.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia', 'Hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nutritional status is an important factor in predicting the risk associated with surgery for @entity5 @entity1 . This is especially true in @entity14 . Many nutritional assessments are used in clinical practice, but those assessments are rarely evaluated for their ability to predict postoperative outcome. METHODS: This is a retrospective, multi-institutional study of the ACS-NSQIP database, investigating preoperative nutrition status and its association with postoperative mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity3147 is higher in @entity14 , when compared with other most common @entity5 . Among 42,483 @entity14 @entity1 postoperative mortality was significantly associated with @entity4988 (hazard ratio = 3.064, p < 0.001), body @entity353 (hazard ratio = 1.229, p = 0.033) and body mass index of <18.5 kg/m(2) (hazard ratio = 1.797, p < 0.001). Only @entity4988 significantly predicted all @entity260 , even in further multivariate logistic regression analyses (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the @entity4988 group had the highest coefficient in significant association with length of total hospital stay (B = 3.585, p < 0.001) and overall complication (B = 0.119, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity14 , @entity3147 significantly contributes to postoperative mortality, morbidity and length of total hospital stay. @entity4988 , with levels below 3.5 g/dl, serves as an excellent assessment tool and preoperative predictor of postoperative outcomes.

title: Preoperative @entity3147 assessments as predictors of postoperative mortality and morbidity in XXXX : an analysis of ACS-NSQIP.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to explore the feasibility and mid-term patency of an easier anastomotic technique for @entity301 ( @entity301 ). METHODS: Eight mongrel @entity235 (+/-15 kg) underwent direct @entity254 between the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) and the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) via inferior sternotomy on the beating heart. After positioning the graft, the distal part of the LAD was opened to allow retrograde filling of the LITA-graft. The @entity254 was secured by the use of biological glue (BioGlue, Cryolife, Marietta, GA, USA). No intravascular suture material was used. Ischemic time averaged 6 min. The proximal LAD was occluded upstream the arteriotomy. All survivors were angiographically controlled for patency after 6-8 weeks. Consequently, four @entity235 were sacrificed after 6 weeks and the remaining after 3 months for anatomo-pathological and histological examination by light and electron microscopy of the anastomotic site. RESULTS: All procedures were successful except for one animal that died of uncontrollable @entity548 at the anastomotic site. Another sustained post-operative transmural anterior @entity583 due to a late graft occlusion. All angiographically controlled grafts were patent with two vascular strings near the anastomotic site. Histology showed early macrophage infiltration into the glue. At post-mortem examination, new endothelialization was noticed in 80% of the cases. However, ultrastructural examination detected marked differences in endothelial fibroblastic lining compared to normal histology. CONCLUSIONS: Good mid-term permeability of the LITA grafts was observed in this new anastomotic technique for @entity301 in the @entity235 model. Although neo-endothelialization was present in most cases, ultrastructural differences were noticed after 3 months in the neo-intima compared to normal.

title: An experimental model of coronary XXXX without suturing.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Bypass Grafting', 'MIDCAB']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: The genetic determinants of resistance to @entity8775 in @entity311 parasites are unclear. Some studies have implied that amplification of, or mutations in, the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr1 in @entity3964 may be involved. Using the rodent @entity311 model @entity21552 , we investigated the role of the orthologue of this gene, pcmdr1, in a stable @entity8775 -resistant mutant, @entity5427 (15MF/3), selected from a sensitive clone. pcmdr1 exists as a single copy gene on chromosome 12 of the sensitive clone. In @entity5427 (15MF/3), the gene was found to have undergone duplication, with one copy translocating to chromosome 4. mRNA levels of pcmdr1 were higher in the mutant than in the parent sensitive clone. A partial genetic map of the translocation showed that other genes in addition to pcmdr1 had been cotranslocated. The sequences of both copies of pcmdr1 of @entity5427 (15MF/3) were identical to that of the parent sensitive clone. A cross was made between @entity5427 (15MF/3) and an unrelated @entity8775 -sensitive clone, AJ. Phenotypic and molecular analysis of progeny clones showed that duplication and overexpression of the pcmdr1 gene was an important determinant of resistance. However, not all @entity8775 -resistant progeny contained the duplicated gene, showing that at least one other gene was involved in resistance.

title: Genetics of XXXX resistance in the rodent @entity311 parasite @entity21552 .

entities_list: @entity21552 :: ('5825', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium chabaudi']

entities_list: @entity8775 :: ('MESH:D015767', 'Chemical') :: ['mefloquine']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity8775 :: (MESH:D015767,Chemical) :: ['mefloquine']


abstract: The genetic determinants of resistance to @entity8775 in @entity311 parasites are unclear. Some studies have implied that amplification of, or mutations in, the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr1 in @entity3964 may be involved. Using the rodent @entity311 model @entity21552 , we investigated the role of the orthologue of this gene, pcmdr1, in a stable @entity8775 -resistant mutant, @entity5427 (15MF/3), selected from a sensitive clone. pcmdr1 exists as a single copy gene on chromosome 12 of the sensitive clone. In @entity5427 (15MF/3), the gene was found to have undergone duplication, with one copy translocating to chromosome 4. mRNA levels of pcmdr1 were higher in the mutant than in the parent sensitive clone. A partial genetic map of the translocation showed that other genes in addition to pcmdr1 had been cotranslocated. The sequences of both copies of pcmdr1 of @entity5427 (15MF/3) were identical to that of the parent sensitive clone. A cross was made between @entity5427 (15MF/3) and an unrelated @entity8775 -sensitive clone, AJ. Phenotypic and molecular analysis of progeny clones showed that duplication and overexpression of the pcmdr1 gene was an important determinant of resistance. However, not all @entity8775 -resistant progeny contained the duplicated gene, showing that at least one other gene was involved in resistance.

title: Genetics of @entity8775 resistance in the rodent @entity311 parasite XXXX .

answer: @entity21552 :: (5825,Species) :: ['Plasmodium chabaudi']


abstract: The genetic determinants of resistance to @entity8775 in @entity311 parasites are unclear. Some studies have implied that amplification of, or mutations in, the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr1 in @entity3964 may be involved. Using the rodent @entity311 model @entity21552 , we investigated the role of the orthologue of this gene, pcmdr1, in a stable @entity8775 -resistant mutant, @entity5427 (15MF/3), selected from a sensitive clone. pcmdr1 exists as a single copy gene on chromosome 12 of the sensitive clone. In @entity5427 (15MF/3), the gene was found to have undergone duplication, with one copy translocating to chromosome 4. mRNA levels of pcmdr1 were higher in the mutant than in the parent sensitive clone. A partial genetic map of the translocation showed that other genes in addition to pcmdr1 had been cotranslocated. The sequences of both copies of pcmdr1 of @entity5427 (15MF/3) were identical to that of the parent sensitive clone. A cross was made between @entity5427 (15MF/3) and an unrelated @entity8775 -sensitive clone, AJ. Phenotypic and molecular analysis of progeny clones showed that duplication and overexpression of the pcmdr1 gene was an important determinant of resistance. However, not all @entity8775 -resistant progeny contained the duplicated gene, showing that at least one other gene was involved in resistance.

title: Genetics of @entity8775 resistance in the rodent XXXX parasite @entity21552 .

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the quality of life of adults with @entity454 ( @entity454 ) since childhood. In a long-term follow-up study, we assessed quality of life in these @entity1 and compared their outcomes with those in the general population and in dialysis @entity1 with adult-onset of @entity454 . METHODS: All Dutch adult @entity1 with onset of @entity454 at age 0-14 years between 1972 and 1992 were asked to complete the RAND-36 questionnaire. We obtained clinical information by reviewing all available medical charts, and by current history. @entity1 scores were compared with those of age-matched healthy controls and with those of @entity1 with adult onset of dialysis, of whom data were derived from a national study on the adequacy of dialysis (NECOSAD-2). RESULTS: We obtained a complete RAND-36 score in 131 of 187 surviving @entity1 . Clinical characteristics of @entity1 and non- @entity1 were similar. Compared with the general population, we found a higher prevalence of impaired quality of life in dialysis @entity1 in the following domains: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, social functioning (SF), general health perception (GH) and physical component summary. In other domains, impaired quality of life was equally or less prevalent (mental component summary). In transplanted @entity1 , only impaired GH and SF were more prevalent. In dialysis @entity1 with adult @entity454 onset, impaired quality of life was more prevalent than in the general population in all domains, except in emotional role limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Dialysis @entity1 with paediatric @entity454 have an impaired physical quality of life, but in contrast to dialysis @entity1 with adult @entity454 onset, they have a normal mental quality of life.

title: Quality of life in adults with XXXX since childhood is only partially impaired.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Histologic analysis of the hydropic and normal @entity840 cochleae was undertaken to assess a potential correlation between the magnitude of @entity5570 and @entity393 . It was hypothesized that a greater correlation than previously reported might be found by looking at long-standing @entity5570 and high-frequency range hearing. BACKGROUND: Surgically induced @entity5570 in @entity840 is the most widely used animal model for the study of @entity1 M  ni  re's Disease and recapitulates both @entity5570 and progressive @entity1274 . A strong correlation between the magnitude of @entity4 and severity of @entity393 has been reported in the @entity1 condition, but not in the animal model. METHODS: Nine albino @entity840 were each subjected to surgical obstruction of the endolymphatic sac and duct of the right ear. The left ears remained as internal histologic controls. Hearing was assessed from 2 kHz to 32 kHz by auditory brain stem response testing for 16 to 25 weeks after surgery. Histologic morphometry after the animals were killed was used to quantify both turn-specific and weighted overall @entity4 . These measures were correlated with @entity393 in each animal at all tested frequencies. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation between the magnitude of @entity4 and the severity of @entity393 was observed for 2 kHz and 16 kHz. These frequencies correlated with both turn-specific @entity4 and overall @entity4 . However, turn-specific @entity4 did not reliably correlate with the magnitude of @entity393 at anatomically appropriate frequency ranges. Where such a correlation did exist, it might well have been simply part of an expression of an overall correlation between @entity4 and @entity393 . CONCLUSIONS: There may be a greater correlation between @entity4 and @entity393 in @entity840 with long-standing surgically induced @entity4 than has previously been reported in animals with @entity1442 . These findings help to validate continued use of the model for @entity393 related to M  ni  re's Disease, verify the rationale of treatment modalities aimed at reducing @entity4 in the @entity1 condition, and may indicate that efforts at reducing @entity4 in such @entity1 has benefits toward long-term hearing preservation.

title: Correlation between XXXX and scala media area in @entity840 with long-standing @entity5570 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5570 :: ('MESH:D018159', 'Disease') :: ['endolymphatic hydrops']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['less advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Histologic analysis of the hydropic and normal @entity840 cochleae was undertaken to assess a potential correlation between the magnitude of @entity5570 and @entity393 . It was hypothesized that a greater correlation than previously reported might be found by looking at long-standing @entity5570 and high-frequency range hearing. BACKGROUND: Surgically induced @entity5570 in @entity840 is the most widely used animal model for the study of @entity1 M  ni  re's Disease and recapitulates both @entity5570 and progressive @entity1274 . A strong correlation between the magnitude of @entity4 and severity of @entity393 has been reported in the @entity1 condition, but not in the animal model. METHODS: Nine albino @entity840 were each subjected to surgical obstruction of the endolymphatic sac and duct of the right ear. The left ears remained as internal histologic controls. Hearing was assessed from 2 kHz to 32 kHz by auditory brain stem response testing for 16 to 25 weeks after surgery. Histologic morphometry after the animals were killed was used to quantify both turn-specific and weighted overall @entity4 . These measures were correlated with @entity393 in each animal at all tested frequencies. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation between the magnitude of @entity4 and the severity of @entity393 was observed for 2 kHz and 16 kHz. These frequencies correlated with both turn-specific @entity4 and overall @entity4 . However, turn-specific @entity4 did not reliably correlate with the magnitude of @entity393 at anatomically appropriate frequency ranges. Where such a correlation did exist, it might well have been simply part of an expression of an overall correlation between @entity4 and @entity393 . CONCLUSIONS: There may be a greater correlation between @entity4 and @entity393 in @entity840 with long-standing surgically induced @entity4 than has previously been reported in animals with @entity1442 . These findings help to validate continued use of the model for @entity393 related to M  ni  re's Disease, verify the rationale of treatment modalities aimed at reducing @entity4 in the @entity1 condition, and may indicate that efforts at reducing @entity4 in such @entity1 has benefits toward long-term hearing preservation.

title: Correlation between @entity393 and scala media area in XXXX with long-standing @entity5570 .

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Histologic analysis of the hydropic and normal @entity840 cochleae was undertaken to assess a potential correlation between the magnitude of @entity5570 and @entity393 . It was hypothesized that a greater correlation than previously reported might be found by looking at long-standing @entity5570 and high-frequency range hearing. BACKGROUND: Surgically induced @entity5570 in @entity840 is the most widely used animal model for the study of @entity1 M  ni  re's Disease and recapitulates both @entity5570 and progressive @entity1274 . A strong correlation between the magnitude of @entity4 and severity of @entity393 has been reported in the @entity1 condition, but not in the animal model. METHODS: Nine albino @entity840 were each subjected to surgical obstruction of the endolymphatic sac and duct of the right ear. The left ears remained as internal histologic controls. Hearing was assessed from 2 kHz to 32 kHz by auditory brain stem response testing for 16 to 25 weeks after surgery. Histologic morphometry after the animals were killed was used to quantify both turn-specific and weighted overall @entity4 . These measures were correlated with @entity393 in each animal at all tested frequencies. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation between the magnitude of @entity4 and the severity of @entity393 was observed for 2 kHz and 16 kHz. These frequencies correlated with both turn-specific @entity4 and overall @entity4 . However, turn-specific @entity4 did not reliably correlate with the magnitude of @entity393 at anatomically appropriate frequency ranges. Where such a correlation did exist, it might well have been simply part of an expression of an overall correlation between @entity4 and @entity393 . CONCLUSIONS: There may be a greater correlation between @entity4 and @entity393 in @entity840 with long-standing surgically induced @entity4 than has previously been reported in animals with @entity1442 . These findings help to validate continued use of the model for @entity393 related to M  ni  re's Disease, verify the rationale of treatment modalities aimed at reducing @entity4 in the @entity1 condition, and may indicate that efforts at reducing @entity4 in such @entity1 has benefits toward long-term hearing preservation.

title: Correlation between @entity393 and scala media area in @entity840 with long-standing XXXX .

answer: @entity5570 :: (MESH:D018159,Disease) :: ['endolymphatic hydrops']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiology and treatment of @entity3541 associated with @entity697 media are still under debate. The objective of this study was to review treatment strategies and extent of recovery in adult @entity1 with the aim of defining a standard treatment protocol for this rare pathologic condition. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: University hospital, tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Between 1993 and 2000, 11 @entity1 were admitted for @entity3541 secondary to @entity697 media. There were six @entity1 and five @entity1 without a history of chronic @entity2172 , who ranged in age from 21 to 71 years. @entity3541 was graded with the House-Brackmann scale: four @entity1 had @entity912 , six had Grade IV palsy, and one @entity1 had Grade V palsy. Bacteriologic examination of middle ear fluid was performed in four @entity1 @entity328 was observed in one @entity1 , and the remaining three cultures were negative. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 were treated with parenteral @entity869 - @entity5899 or a third-generation cephalosporin in conjunction with oral or intravenous @entity288 , except in a single @entity1 with @entity6 who received antibiotics alone. Myringotomy alone or with ventilation tube application was performed in eight @entity1 . A simple mastoidectomy without @entity2103 was used in a @entity1 with @entity73 to Grade VI @entity912 and worsening @entity2346 after an initial improvement. RESULTS: Normal facial function returned in all @entity1 , independently of the grade of the @entity912 , the treatment strategy, or the outcome of the @entity2172 . The time of recovery varied from 2 weeks to 3 months, except for one @entity1 who underwent mastoidectomy and in whom normal function returned in 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of @entity3541 @entity2346 media should be as conservative as possible, using antibiotics and corticosteroids. Myringotomy and a ventilation tube should be added when spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane is not present. Mastoidectomy should be performed only when it is necessary to treat @entity2346 media. @entity2103 should not be necessary.

title: XXXX and @entity3541 in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['secondary to otitis', 'otitis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['sudden impairment']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['Facial nerve decompression', 'facial nerve decompression']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve paralysis', 'Facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis', 'Grade III palsy']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute otitis media']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiology and treatment of @entity3541 associated with @entity697 media are still under debate. The objective of this study was to review treatment strategies and extent of recovery in adult @entity1 with the aim of defining a standard treatment protocol for this rare pathologic condition. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: University hospital, tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Between 1993 and 2000, 11 @entity1 were admitted for @entity3541 secondary to @entity697 media. There were six @entity1 and five @entity1 without a history of chronic @entity2172 , who ranged in age from 21 to 71 years. @entity3541 was graded with the House-Brackmann scale: four @entity1 had @entity912 , six had Grade IV palsy, and one @entity1 had Grade V palsy. Bacteriologic examination of middle ear fluid was performed in four @entity1 @entity328 was observed in one @entity1 , and the remaining three cultures were negative. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 were treated with parenteral @entity869 - @entity5899 or a third-generation cephalosporin in conjunction with oral or intravenous @entity288 , except in a single @entity1 with @entity6 who received antibiotics alone. Myringotomy alone or with ventilation tube application was performed in eight @entity1 . A simple mastoidectomy without @entity2103 was used in a @entity1 with @entity73 to Grade VI @entity912 and worsening @entity2346 after an initial improvement. RESULTS: Normal facial function returned in all @entity1 , independently of the grade of the @entity912 , the treatment strategy, or the outcome of the @entity2172 . The time of recovery varied from 2 weeks to 3 months, except for one @entity1 who underwent mastoidectomy and in whom normal function returned in 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of @entity3541 @entity2346 media should be as conservative as possible, using antibiotics and corticosteroids. Myringotomy and a ventilation tube should be added when spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane is not present. Mastoidectomy should be performed only when it is necessary to treat @entity2346 media. @entity2103 should not be necessary.

title: @entity697 and XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial nerve paralysis']


abstract: PURPOSE: From 5% to 25% of @entity101 in @entity1 is renovascular compared with only 1% in adults. Although much attention is given to @entity455 involving the main renal arteries, @entity916 producing @entity8 may also be intrarenal, involving @entity8 . We present our results of partial nephrectomy in this unique group of pediatric @entity1 with @entity101 in whom @entity916 dependent @entity101 involved only a segment of the kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six @entity1 10 months to 16 years old were referred for the evaluation of @entity101 . Initial evaluations included computerized tomography, ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography and radionuclide renal scan. Renal arteriography with renal vein @entity916 sampling was performed in 5 @entity1 , of whom 4 underwent selective segmental renal vein sampling. Diagnoses @entity1347 ( @entity8 ), reflux associated scarring and @entity8 . RESULTS: In @entity1 who underwent selective segmental renal vein sampling an increased @entity916 level was present in the area of the @entity8 (mean 24.9 ng./ml. per hour, range 9.2 to 40.6) compared to the ipsilateral renal vein (15.6, 114 to 29.8). Three @entity1 had evidence of contralateral suppression of @entity916 secretion. All 6 @entity1 underwent upper, lower or mid segment partial nephrectomy. All @entity1 became immediately normotensive and remained so at a mean 10 years of followup. CONCLUSIONS: Partial nephrectomy provides an excellent nephron sparing cure for @entity4815 . In the pediatric population selective segmental renal vein @entity916 sampling is invaluable for locating the @entity916 producing lesion. As in adults, contralateral @entity916 suppression is predictive of surgical cure.

title: The role of partial nephrectomy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesion', 'abnormalities of the segmental vessels or renal parenchyma', 'renal disease', 'renal arteriovenous malformation', 'Ask-Upmark kidney']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['included segmental hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4815 :: ('MESH:D006977', 'Disease') :: ['segmental renal hypertension']

answer: @entity4815 :: (MESH:D006977,Disease) :: ['pediatric renal hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wounds resulting from the closure of temporary stomas have a high risk of developing an @entity547 ( @entity547 ) with incidences around 30  % in studies designed to investigate this outcome. A @entity346 ( @entity346 ) is often used in @entity1 after low anterior resection (LAR) for @entity5 . METHODS: The @entity6497 study is a retrospective cohort study of @entity5 @entity1 who had a LAR with a reversed @entity346 and at least one CT scan during follow-up. Two radiologists independently evaluated all abdominal CT scans to diagnose @entity547 at the ileostomy wound and additionally, @entity547 at the laparotomy site. RESULTS: From the oncological database of @entity5 @entity1 treated from 2003 till 2012 (n  =  317) a cohort of 153 @entity1 that fulfilled the inclusion criteria was identified. @entity5 resection was performed by laparoscopy in 53 @entity1 (34.6  %) and by laparotomy in 100 @entity1 (65.4  %). A total of 17 @entity547 (11.1  %) was diagnosed at the former stoma site after a mean follow-up of 2.6  years. Of these, 8 @entity547 were in @entity1 who had a laparoscopic LAR (15.1  %) and 9 @entity547 in @entity1 who had an open LAR (9.0  %) (Fisher's exact test; p  =  0.28). @entity547 on the other abdominal wall incisions was reported in 69 @entity1 (45.1  %). Of these, 10 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic rectal surgery (18.9  %) and in 59 @entity1 had open rectal surgery (59.0  %) (Fisher's exact test; p  <  0.0001). CONCLUSION: We found a lower number of @entity547 (11.1  %) after reversal of ileostomies than expected from the literature. In contrast to the findings at the ileostomy site, a very high frequency of @entity547 (59.0  %) after LAR by laparotomy was found, which was significantly higher than after laparoscopic LAR.

title: Retrospective observational study on the incidence of XXXX after reversal of a temporary diverting ileostomy following rectal carcinoma resection with follow-up CT scans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'Rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['incisional hernias', 'incisional hernia', 'IH']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['temporary diverting ileostomy', 'TDI']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['incisional hernias']