abstract: Two porous orbital implants available for clinical use in the anophthalmic socket are @entity692 (HA) and porous @entity691 (PP). We examined the rate and the extent of fibrovascular ingrowth into these implants using histopathologic criteria in a @entity95 model. Thirty-two New Zealand white @entity95 underwent a unilateral enucleation with placement of a 14-mm spherical orbital implant. Twelve @entity95 received HA, 12 small-pore PP, and 8 large-pore PP. The implants inserted were wrapped either in autologous sclera with and without anterior fenestrations or as unwrapped spheres. The implants were harvested at 6 and 12 weeks. The extent of fibrovascular ingrowth was assessed by determining the percentage of the cross-sectional area penetrated by fibrovascular tissue. On gross inspection, 12 implants (37.5%) were found to be exposed at harvesting; however, only two were grossly infected. The highest rate of exposure was found among the unwrapped implants. Wrapped versus unwrapped and fenestrated versus unfenestrated implants did not result in significant differences in the extent of vascularization. @entity692 implants were vascularized most rapidly. The small-pore PP implants did not become fully vascularized during the study, and yet complete vascularization was found in the large-pore PP at 12 weeks. The most intense areas of microscopic fibrovascular ingrowth were in the region where the extraocular muscles were in direct contact with the implant and at the posterior opening. Exposure of the implant was accompanied by chronic and acute @entity32 . Both HA and large-pore PP spherical implants are capable of complete vascularization in this animal model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of fibrovascular ingrowth into XXXX and porous @entity691 orbital implants.

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in @entity1 with intractable @entity1142 . METHODS: A total of 7 @entity1 with intractable @entity1142 were treated with pereutaneous test stimulation of the S3 nerve root and were assessed by sacral never stimulation system in our department from January 2013 to January 2014. Four of these 7 @entity1 received operation for @entity1142 before. The efficacy was assessed by bowel habit diary, clinic @entity1142 scores, subjective questionnaire and clinical signs. RESULTS: The @entity1142 symptoms were improved significantly in all the 7 @entity1 . The frequency and volume of defecation per week were increased obviously, and the average urine was increased. Six @entity1 underwent permanent implantation of the SNS system. After a median 4 months follow-up, the defecation frequency increased from 0.6  0.5 to 8.0  2.5 per week (P<0.01), and the defecation time decreased from (22.9  11.5) to (3.7  0.8) min (P<0.01). The Cleveland clinic @entity1142 score decreased from 24.6  4.2 to 9.0  0.9(P<0.01), and the visual analogue scale(VAS) score increased from 8.1  0.9 to 82.5  5.2(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: SNM is a clinically efficacious, minimally invasive and safe new technique, which offers an alternative treatment for the @entity1 with intractable @entity1142 resistant to conservative treatment, especially for the @entity1 refractory to traditional operations.

title: [Sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of intractable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Heparin and its derivatives are known to attenuate @entity5 @entity3 in preclinical models, but have not been used clinically due to adverse bleeding effects. This study compared the efficacy of S-NACH (a sulfated non-anticoagulant heparin) versus @entity23294 (a low molecular weight heparin) in inhibiting @entity3 of a growing @entity5 and following surgical excision of @entity5 in a @entity788 @entity19 model. The efficacy of S-NACH versus @entity23294 on @entity3 of the @entity5 was evaluated in each experiment using IVIS imaging. Athymic female @entity19 were treated with S-NACH or @entity23294 , and 30  min later luciferase-transfected @entity788 cells (Mpanc96) were implanted into the spleen; treatment was continued daily until termination. Next we studied the effect of S-NACH versus @entity23294 on @entity3 after surgical excision of the @entity5 after 3 weeks of daily treatment with S-NACH or @entity23294 . S-NACH reduced surgically induced @entity3 (p<0.01) and @entity5 recurrence (p<0.05) relative to control. Histopathological studies demonstrated significant increase in @entity5 @entity39 mediated by S-NACH and to lesser extent by @entity23294 as compared to control group. Furthermore, either S-NACH or @entity23294 upregulated the expression of the junctional adhesion molecule @entity3112 in @entity788 cells where its low expression enhances @entity5 cell migration and invasion. In terms of bleeding time (BT), S-NACH did not affect BT as compared to @entity23294 , which doubled BT. These data suggest that S-NACH is an effective and safe anti-metastatic agent and warrants further clinical evaluation.

title: Anti- @entity3 efficacy and safety of non-anticoagulant heparin derivative versus low molecular weight heparin in surgical XXXX models.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity23294 :: ('MESH:C081247', 'Chemical') :: ['tinzaparin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Heparin and its derivatives are known to attenuate @entity5 @entity3 in preclinical models, but have not been used clinically due to adverse bleeding effects. This study compared the efficacy of S-NACH (a sulfated non-anticoagulant heparin) versus @entity23294 (a low molecular weight heparin) in inhibiting @entity3 of a growing @entity5 and following surgical excision of @entity5 in a @entity788 @entity19 model. The efficacy of S-NACH versus @entity23294 on @entity3 of the @entity5 was evaluated in each experiment using IVIS imaging. Athymic female @entity19 were treated with S-NACH or @entity23294 , and 30  min later luciferase-transfected @entity788 cells (Mpanc96) were implanted into the spleen; treatment was continued daily until termination. Next we studied the effect of S-NACH versus @entity23294 on @entity3 after surgical excision of the @entity5 after 3 weeks of daily treatment with S-NACH or @entity23294 . S-NACH reduced surgically induced @entity3 (p<0.01) and @entity5 recurrence (p<0.05) relative to control. Histopathological studies demonstrated significant increase in @entity5 @entity39 mediated by S-NACH and to lesser extent by @entity23294 as compared to control group. Furthermore, either S-NACH or @entity23294 upregulated the expression of the junctional adhesion molecule @entity3112 in @entity788 cells where its low expression enhances @entity5 cell migration and invasion. In terms of bleeding time (BT), S-NACH did not affect BT as compared to @entity23294 , which doubled BT. These data suggest that S-NACH is an effective and safe anti-metastatic agent and warrants further clinical evaluation.

title: Anti- XXXX efficacy and safety of non-anticoagulant heparin derivative versus low molecular weight heparin in surgical @entity788 models.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The contractile properties of cardiac myocytes depend on the @entity460 ( @entity141 ) released by clusters of @entity8452 receptors (RyRs) throughout the myoplasm. Accurate quantification of the spatial distribution of RyRs has previously been challenging due to the comparatively low resolution in optical microscopy. We have combined single-molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) in a super-resolution modality known as dSTORM with immunofluorescence staining of tissue sections of @entity35 ventricles to resolve a wide, near-exponential size distribution of @entity48744 clusters that lined on average ~57% of the perimeter of each myofibril. The average size of internal couplons is ~63 RyRs (nearly 4 times larger than that of peripheral couplons) and the largest clusters contain many hundreds of RyRs. Similar to previous observations in peripheral couplons, we observe many clusters with one or few receptors; however >= 80% of the total RyRs were detected in clusters containing >= 100 receptors. ~56% of all clusters were within an edge-to-edge distance sufficiently close to co-activate via @entity141 -induced @entity141 release (100nm) and were grouped into 'superclusters'. The co-location of superclusters with the same or adjacent t-tubular connections in dual-colour super-resolution images suggested that member sub-clusters may be exposed to similar local luminal @entity141 levels. Dual-colour dSTORM revealed high co-localisation between the cardiac junctional protein @entity37541 ( @entity37541 ) and @entity48744 clusters that confirmed that the majority of the @entity48744 clusters observed are dyadic. The increased sensitivity of super-resolution images revealed approximately twice as many @entity48744 clusters (2.2clusters/ m(3)) compared to previous confocal measurements. We show that, in general, the differences of previous confocal estimates are largely attributable to the limited spatial resolution of diffraction-limited imaging. The new data can be used to inform the construction of detailed mechanistic models of cardiac @entity141 signalling.

title: Nanoscale analysis of XXXX receptor clusters in dyadic couplings of @entity35 cardiac myocytes.

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity8452 :: (MESH:D012433,Chemical) :: ['ryanodine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The contractile properties of cardiac myocytes depend on the @entity460 ( @entity141 ) released by clusters of @entity8452 receptors (RyRs) throughout the myoplasm. Accurate quantification of the spatial distribution of RyRs has previously been challenging due to the comparatively low resolution in optical microscopy. We have combined single-molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM) in a super-resolution modality known as dSTORM with immunofluorescence staining of tissue sections of @entity35 ventricles to resolve a wide, near-exponential size distribution of @entity48744 clusters that lined on average ~57% of the perimeter of each myofibril. The average size of internal couplons is ~63 RyRs (nearly 4 times larger than that of peripheral couplons) and the largest clusters contain many hundreds of RyRs. Similar to previous observations in peripheral couplons, we observe many clusters with one or few receptors; however >= 80% of the total RyRs were detected in clusters containing >= 100 receptors. ~56% of all clusters were within an edge-to-edge distance sufficiently close to co-activate via @entity141 -induced @entity141 release (100nm) and were grouped into 'superclusters'. The co-location of superclusters with the same or adjacent t-tubular connections in dual-colour super-resolution images suggested that member sub-clusters may be exposed to similar local luminal @entity141 levels. Dual-colour dSTORM revealed high co-localisation between the cardiac junctional protein @entity37541 ( @entity37541 ) and @entity48744 clusters that confirmed that the majority of the @entity48744 clusters observed are dyadic. The increased sensitivity of super-resolution images revealed approximately twice as many @entity48744 clusters (2.2clusters/ m(3)) compared to previous confocal measurements. We show that, in general, the differences of previous confocal estimates are largely attributable to the limited spatial resolution of diffraction-limited imaging. The new data can be used to inform the construction of detailed mechanistic models of cardiac @entity141 signalling.

title: Nanoscale analysis of @entity8452 receptor clusters in dyadic couplings of XXXX cardiac myocytes.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and economic effects of screening for @entity263 with @entity1486 (PSA), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and digital rectal examination (DRE). DESIGN: Decision analytic cost-utility analysis comparing four screening strategies with a strategy of not screening. We assumed that the @entity5 detection rate and stage distribution were predicted by each combination of tests and that localized @entity5 was treated with radical prostatectomy. For each strategy, we calculated life expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE), and cost-utility ratios for unselected and high-prevalence populations. DATA: Probabilities and rates for clinical events were gathered from published data. We assessed utilities by the time-trade-off method using urologists, radiation oncologists, and internists as subjects. The Clinical Cost Manager at the New England Medical Center provided cost data. RESULTS: In unselected @entity1 between the ages of 50 and 70 years, screening with PSA or TRUS prolonged unadjusted life expectancy but diminished QALE. Screening with DRE alone yielded no reduction in mortality at any age. All programs increased costs. Results were sensitive only to assumptions about the efficacy of treatment. In high-prevalence populations, screening produced a similar pattern: gains in unadjusted life expectancy, losses in QALE, and increased costs. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis does not support using PSA, TRUS, or DRE to screen asymptomatic @entity1 for @entity263 . Screening may result in poorer health outcomes and will increase costs dramatically. Assessment of comorbidity, risk attitude, and valuation of sexual function may identify individuals who will benefit from screening, but selecting high-prevalence populations will not improve the benefit of screening.

title: Screening for XXXX . A decision analytic view.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and time of occurrence of chemotherapy-related toxic events in 100 @entity1 admitted to the Hematology-Oncology Ward of "Sfanta Maria" @entity1 's Emergency Hospital in Iasi, Romania, over a 4-year period. METHODS: An analytical, descriptive and comparative, retrospective and prospective study covering a 4-year period on the incidence of chemotherapy side effects, was performed on 100 @entity1 admitted for solid @entity5 or @entity1583 . The probability of each adverse event to appear and the time period from chemotherapy initiation to the moment of side effect appearance were assessed. RESULTS: The most frequent @entity137 was @entity1665 (79.5%), followed by medullary aplasia (71.1%), @entity5253 (65.3%), @entity294 and @entity391 (64% each), @entity99 (61%), and @entity699 (21.5%). @entity10701 and @entity5253 were less frequent (13.2% and 12.2%, respectively). Remissions of the underlying disease were achieved in 69.9% of the cases. Alopecia, medullary aplasia and @entity5253 developed during the first 14 months of treatment. @entity33 , @entity751 and @entity99 were diagnosed within the first 12 months of treatment. @entity294 or @entity5253 appeared during the first 15 months, while @entity699 developed during the first 6 months. All remissions were obtained during the first 4 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity1665 and medullary aplasia were the most frequent side effects of chemotherapy in our study group, the earliest were @entity699 , @entity751 and @entity99 .

title: Chemotherapy-related XXXX in childhood @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['thrush', 'oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea and oral herpes']

entities_list: @entity10701 :: ('MESH:D013283', 'Disease') :: ['Oral herpes']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['emetic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['toxic hepatitis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and time of occurrence of chemotherapy-related toxic events in 100 @entity1 admitted to the Hematology-Oncology Ward of "Sfanta Maria" @entity1 's Emergency Hospital in Iasi, Romania, over a 4-year period. METHODS: An analytical, descriptive and comparative, retrospective and prospective study covering a 4-year period on the incidence of chemotherapy side effects, was performed on 100 @entity1 admitted for solid @entity5 or @entity1583 . The probability of each adverse event to appear and the time period from chemotherapy initiation to the moment of side effect appearance were assessed. RESULTS: The most frequent @entity137 was @entity1665 (79.5%), followed by medullary aplasia (71.1%), @entity5253 (65.3%), @entity294 and @entity391 (64% each), @entity99 (61%), and @entity699 (21.5%). @entity10701 and @entity5253 were less frequent (13.2% and 12.2%, respectively). Remissions of the underlying disease were achieved in 69.9% of the cases. Alopecia, medullary aplasia and @entity5253 developed during the first 14 months of treatment. @entity33 , @entity751 and @entity99 were diagnosed within the first 12 months of treatment. @entity294 or @entity5253 appeared during the first 15 months, while @entity699 developed during the first 6 months. All remissions were obtained during the first 4 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity1665 and medullary aplasia were the most frequent side effects of chemotherapy in our study group, the earliest were @entity699 , @entity751 and @entity99 .

title: Chemotherapy-related @entity137 in childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The clinical feasibility of self-expanding metal stents with respect to the technical success, complications, and reintervention rate should be tested. METHODS: Five coated and 26 uncoated prototype Wallstents, especially designed for @entity850 of the upper GI tract, were implanted in 23 @entity1 . All @entity1 with @entity1282 suffered from inoperable @entity5 @entity850 of the esophagus or the @entity418 . Stent implantation was performed under slight i.v. sedoanalgesia. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all 31 implanted stents. Forty-eight hr after implantation, @entity1282 was improved in 21/23 @entity1 . Acute problems observed within 1 wk were stent migration (1 @entity1 , uncoated stent), oblique position of the stent (3 @entity1 ), epigastric or @entity158 (9 @entity1 ), insufficient stent expansion (4 @entity1 ), and pouch formation at the upper rim of the stent (4 @entity1 ). An uncomplicated follow-up (median 66 days, range 10-139 days) was seen in 12 @entity1 (52%). Major problems in the follow-up period were stent migration in three @entity1 (three coated stents, two stent migrations in one @entity1 ) and stent obstruction by @entity5 ingrowth/overgrowth and/or food impaction in eight @entity1 (35%). Most of these problems could be successfully resolved by implantation of a second stent or electrocoagulation of overgrowing @entity5 tissue. By the 1st of March, 1994, three @entity1 were still alive with a follow-up period of 530 days (median range, 336-880 days); 20 @entity1 were decreased with a follow-up period of 70 days (median range, 3-374 days). CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of esophageal Wallstents is safe and has a low risk of acute complications and mortality for the @entity1 . Early complications such as perforation and bleeding did not occur. @entity5 ingrowth/overgrowth are the major reasons for the high reintervention rate in the follow-up period. Coated stents can resolve this problem, provided that stent migration can be avoided by improvement of the coating technology.

title: Coated and uncoated self-expanding metal stents for malignant XXXX in the upper GI tract: preliminary clinical experiences with Wallstents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteosynthesis of @entity2249 is particularly indicated in @entity1 aged under 60 years. A prolonged interval between the @entity174 and surgical fixation has been associated with @entity2530 ( @entity2530 ) of the femoral head. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the time to surgery and the development of complications in @entity1 with @entity2249 . METHODS: @entity1 with displaced @entity2249 (Garden III or IV) who underwent fixation with three cannulated screws in the inverted triangle configuration from January 2009 to December 2010 were evaluated retrospectively for the development of orthopaedic complications. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the time to surgery (within 7 days or more than 7 days). Complication rates were compared between the two groups. Regression analyses were performed to assess the risk factors for complications. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 were included in the study; the duration of follow-up ranged from 24 to 50 months. The time from @entity174 to surgery ranged from 3 to 18 days. Fifteen @entity1 underwent surgery within 7 days, and 16 @entity1 underwent surgery after 7 days. There were four cases of femoral @entity39 . One @entity1 had an associated @entity281 ; one @entity1 experienced non-union, and another @entity177 . There were no statistically significant differences in the overall rate of complications between the groups (p = 0.999). None of the preoperative parameters or @entity174 characteristics were predictive factors for complications. The only factor associated with the development of complications was inadequate @entity174 reduction in the anteroposterior (AP) view (odds ratio [OR] = 35.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.56 to 548.36, p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The interval between the occurrence of the @entity3816 is not associated with the development of complications in @entity2249 . Inadequate @entity174 reduction in the AP view is a predictive factor for complications in these @entity174 .

title: Influence of time to surgery on the incidence of complications in XXXX treated with cannulated screws.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['injury and surgical fixation']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['fractures of the femoral neck', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['demonstrated osteosynthesis failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['AVN', 'avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Due to migration, doctors see @entity1 from different ethnic backgrounds. This causes challenges for the communication. To develop training programs for doctors in @entity497 ( @entity497 ), it is important to know which barriers and facilitators determine the quality of @entity497 . This study aimed to provide an overview of the literature and to explore how @entity497 works. METHODS: A systematic search was performed to find literature published before October 2012. The search terms used were cultural, communication, healthcare worker. A realist synthesis allowed us to use an explanatory focus to understand the interplay of communication. RESULTS: In total, 145 articles met the inclusion criteria. We found @entity497 challenges due to language, cultural and social differences, and doctors' assumptions. The mechanisms were described as factors influencing the process of @entity497 and divided into objectives, core skills and specific skills. The results were synthesized in a framework for the development of training. CONCLUSION: The quality of @entity497 is influenced by the context and by the mechanisms. These mechanisms translate into practical points for training, which seem to have similarities with @entity1 -centered communication. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Training for improving @entity497 can be developed as an extension of the existing training for @entity1 -centered communication.

title: Factors influencing intercultural doctor- XXXX communication: A realist review.

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intercultural communication']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most of @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) are severe @entity203 . There is currently no established treatment due to a lack of controlled/blinded studies. High-dose glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) therapy have been widely used, but these approaches remain controversial. This study introduces a novel method by which to treat severe @entity6715 / @entity137 @entity1 who were refractory to glucocorticoids and IVIG. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 with @entity6715 and three @entity1 with @entity137 were enrolled in this non-blinded, uncontrolled study. The average @entity1 age was 8.1 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1. Hemoperfusion was conducted daily using a HA280 resin sorbent column until new @entity272 ceased appearing and the skin started healing with visible re-epithelialization. RESULTS: The average BSA involvement in @entity6715 and @entity137 was 8.57% and 75%, respectively. The number of hemoperfusion sessions ranged from 3 to 5. Hemoperfusion led to prompt improvements in general health and halted the disease progression. All @entity1 were discharged and recovered completely. The average length of stay was 14.4 days. Four @entity1 experienced adverse reactions: femoral vein @entity715 (N = 2), @entity551 (N = 1), and @entity299 (N = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Hemoperfusion may be a useful adjunct treatment for @entity1 with severe @entity6715 / @entity137 if the initial treatment with glucocorticoids and IVIG fails.

title: Beneficial therapeutic effects of hemoperfusion in the treatment of severe @entity6715 / XXXX : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['drug eruptions']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac palpitation']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most of @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) and @entity137 ( @entity137 ) are severe @entity203 . There is currently no established treatment due to a lack of controlled/blinded studies. High-dose glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) therapy have been widely used, but these approaches remain controversial. This study introduces a novel method by which to treat severe @entity6715 / @entity137 @entity1 who were refractory to glucocorticoids and IVIG. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 with @entity6715 and three @entity1 with @entity137 were enrolled in this non-blinded, uncontrolled study. The average @entity1 age was 8.1 years. The male to female ratio was 1:1. Hemoperfusion was conducted daily using a HA280 resin sorbent column until new @entity272 ceased appearing and the skin started healing with visible re-epithelialization. RESULTS: The average BSA involvement in @entity6715 and @entity137 was 8.57% and 75%, respectively. The number of hemoperfusion sessions ranged from 3 to 5. Hemoperfusion led to prompt improvements in general health and halted the disease progression. All @entity1 were discharged and recovered completely. The average length of stay was 14.4 days. Four @entity1 experienced adverse reactions: femoral vein @entity715 (N = 2), @entity551 (N = 1), and @entity299 (N = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Hemoperfusion may be a useful adjunct treatment for @entity1 with severe @entity6715 / @entity137 if the initial treatment with glucocorticoids and IVIG fails.

title: Beneficial therapeutic effects of hemoperfusion in the treatment of severe XXXX / @entity137 : preliminary results.

answer: @entity6715 :: (MESH:D013262,Disease) :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1088 has been used widely in the management of treatment-resistant @entity161 . The present study aims at determining whether pre-treatment electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities would serve as a marker for response to @entity1088 treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study done in a tertiary care center in Mumbai where @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 using DSM-IV criteria and resistant @entity161 using Kane criteria were assessed using EEG prior to starting @entity1088 treatment. They were rated for symptomatic improvement using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) along with Clinical Global Improvement for Severity (CGI-S). The results were statistically analysed and presented. RESULTS: 55 out of the 80 @entity1 in the study showed baseline EEG abnormalities. The mean duration of illness in the @entity1 were 2.65 years. Slow wave and background EEG abnormalities were common in pre-treatment EEG. 36.4% @entity1 in the study showed clinical response. @entity1 with negative symptoms and baseline EEG abnormalities showed better response. CONCLUSIONS: The study was circumscribed and had many limitations due to a small sample size. The relation between pre-treatment EEG abnormalities and @entity1088 response could not be statistically correlated and it could not be ascertained to be a marker for response to @entity1088 therapy.

title: XXXX response and pre-treatment EEG-is there some kind of relationship.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine', 'clozapine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['Clozapine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Husband working abroad may have not only favorable outcomes for wives and other family members but also adverse consequences, including @entity458 . Present study intended to look into @entity146 morbidity profiles of the Nepalese female @entity146 @entity1 and the stressors related with their husband working abroad. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a hospital-based descriptive study with convenient sampling method. Hundred consecutive female @entity146 @entity1 , with the particular stressor, coming into the contact of the investigating team were enrolled within the study period of 12 months. The @entity146 morbidities/diagnoses were sorted out according to the International classification of disease and infirmity, 10(th) edition (ICD-10) criteria. RESULTS: Average age of the enrolled cases was 29 years. Nearly half of the @entity1 were illiterate or barely literate. Some other stressors, besides the one of husband working abroad were found to precipitate the illness in about 60%, main being relational and health problems. Common presenting complaints were mood, @entity148 , and physical symptoms. Almost 30% of the subjects had some @entity1032 in their past too and similar proportion had in their blood relatives. About one-third admitted to use substances, mainly @entity167 and cigarettes. The common @entity146 diagnoses were mood, @entity148 , @entity6004 , and stress-related disorders. Nearly 10% had presented for suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS: The status of husband working abroad may have adverse consequences in mental health of @entity1 . Mood affect, @entity148 , and stress-related disorders are common @entity146 among them.

title: Psychiatric morbidities among mentally ill wives of Nepalese XXXX working abroad.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological problems']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as a diagnostic and treatment procedure is used in most biliary tract and pancreatic. Either sedation or general anesthesia could be considered for this procedure. Combining a sedative with an opioid agent can provide effective moderate sedation. This study compared the impact of @entity3652 - @entity3575 (KF) versus propofol-remifentanil (PR) on sedation scale in @entity1 undergoing ERCP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 80 @entity1 selected by convenient sampling, allocated randomly into two groups. KF group received @entity3652 0.5 mg/kg body weight intravenously over 60 s and then @entity3575 1 mcg/kg body weight intravenously. PR group received @entity1875 l mg/kg body weight intravenously over 60 s and then remifentanil 0.05 mcg/kg body weight/min intravenously. Intravenous (IV) infusion of @entity1875 was maintained by 50 mcg/kg body weight/min throughout ERCP. Ramsay Sedation Score, vital signs, @entity26 saturation (SpO2), recovery score (modified Aldrete score) and visual analog scales of @entity158 intensity, and endoscopist's satisfaction were considered as measured outcomes. All analysis were analyzed by SPSS Statistics version 22 and using t-test, Chi-square and repeated measured ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests for data analysis. RESULTS: Respiratory rate and SpO2 level during the time intervals were lower in PR group (P < 0.001). Sedation score at intervals was not significantly different (P = 0.07). The frequency of @entity386 in PR group was significantly higher than the KF group (P = 0.003). The percentage of need to supplemental @entity26 in PR group was 35.1% that was also significantly higher than 8.8% in the KF group (P = 0.008), but the dosage frequency was significantly higher in KF group (P < 0.001). The KF and PR groups average length of stay in the recovery room were 50.71 standard deviation (SD = 9.99) and 42.57 (SD = 11.99) minutes, respectively, indicating a significant difference (P = 0.003). The mean severity of @entity390 in KF and PR groups was, respectively, 2.74 confidence interval (CI = 1.68-3.81) and 0.43 (CI = 0.11-0.75), that was significantly higher in KF group (P < 0.001). The average score of surgeon satisfaction in both KF and PR groups were 7.69 (CI = 7.16-8.21) and 8.65 (CI = 8.25-9.05), respectively, which was higher in KF group (P = 0.004), but the average level of @entity1 satisfaction in KF group was 8.86 (CI = 8.53-9.19) and in PR group was 8.95 (CI - 8.54-9.35) that were not significantly different (P = 0.074). CONCLUSION: There is no statistically significant difference between KF and PR combinations in sedation score, but PR combination provides better @entity158 control, with less @entity390 and shorter recovery time while causing more respiratory side effects, that is, @entity386 and need to @entity26 .

title: Assessment of the effects of XXXX - @entity3575 combination versus @entity1875 -remifentanil combination for sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as a diagnostic and treatment procedure is used in most biliary tract and pancreatic. Either sedation or general anesthesia could be considered for this procedure. Combining a sedative with an opioid agent can provide effective moderate sedation. This study compared the impact of @entity3652 - @entity3575 (KF) versus propofol-remifentanil (PR) on sedation scale in @entity1 undergoing ERCP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 80 @entity1 selected by convenient sampling, allocated randomly into two groups. KF group received @entity3652 0.5 mg/kg body weight intravenously over 60 s and then @entity3575 1 mcg/kg body weight intravenously. PR group received @entity1875 l mg/kg body weight intravenously over 60 s and then remifentanil 0.05 mcg/kg body weight/min intravenously. Intravenous (IV) infusion of @entity1875 was maintained by 50 mcg/kg body weight/min throughout ERCP. Ramsay Sedation Score, vital signs, @entity26 saturation (SpO2), recovery score (modified Aldrete score) and visual analog scales of @entity158 intensity, and endoscopist's satisfaction were considered as measured outcomes. All analysis were analyzed by SPSS Statistics version 22 and using t-test, Chi-square and repeated measured ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests for data analysis. RESULTS: Respiratory rate and SpO2 level during the time intervals were lower in PR group (P < 0.001). Sedation score at intervals was not significantly different (P = 0.07). The frequency of @entity386 in PR group was significantly higher than the KF group (P = 0.003). The percentage of need to supplemental @entity26 in PR group was 35.1% that was also significantly higher than 8.8% in the KF group (P = 0.008), but the dosage frequency was significantly higher in KF group (P < 0.001). The KF and PR groups average length of stay in the recovery room were 50.71 standard deviation (SD = 9.99) and 42.57 (SD = 11.99) minutes, respectively, indicating a significant difference (P = 0.003). The mean severity of @entity390 in KF and PR groups was, respectively, 2.74 confidence interval (CI = 1.68-3.81) and 0.43 (CI = 0.11-0.75), that was significantly higher in KF group (P < 0.001). The average score of surgeon satisfaction in both KF and PR groups were 7.69 (CI = 7.16-8.21) and 8.65 (CI = 8.25-9.05), respectively, which was higher in KF group (P = 0.004), but the average level of @entity1 satisfaction in KF group was 8.86 (CI = 8.53-9.19) and in PR group was 8.95 (CI - 8.54-9.35) that were not significantly different (P = 0.074). CONCLUSION: There is no statistically significant difference between KF and PR combinations in sedation score, but PR combination provides better @entity158 control, with less @entity390 and shorter recovery time while causing more respiratory side effects, that is, @entity386 and need to @entity26 .

title: Assessment of the effects of @entity3652 - @entity3575 combination versus XXXX -remifentanil combination for sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as a diagnostic and treatment procedure is used in most biliary tract and pancreatic. Either sedation or general anesthesia could be considered for this procedure. Combining a sedative with an opioid agent can provide effective moderate sedation. This study compared the impact of @entity3652 - @entity3575 (KF) versus propofol-remifentanil (PR) on sedation scale in @entity1 undergoing ERCP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 80 @entity1 selected by convenient sampling, allocated randomly into two groups. KF group received @entity3652 0.5 mg/kg body weight intravenously over 60 s and then @entity3575 1 mcg/kg body weight intravenously. PR group received @entity1875 l mg/kg body weight intravenously over 60 s and then remifentanil 0.05 mcg/kg body weight/min intravenously. Intravenous (IV) infusion of @entity1875 was maintained by 50 mcg/kg body weight/min throughout ERCP. Ramsay Sedation Score, vital signs, @entity26 saturation (SpO2), recovery score (modified Aldrete score) and visual analog scales of @entity158 intensity, and endoscopist's satisfaction were considered as measured outcomes. All analysis were analyzed by SPSS Statistics version 22 and using t-test, Chi-square and repeated measured ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests for data analysis. RESULTS: Respiratory rate and SpO2 level during the time intervals were lower in PR group (P < 0.001). Sedation score at intervals was not significantly different (P = 0.07). The frequency of @entity386 in PR group was significantly higher than the KF group (P = 0.003). The percentage of need to supplemental @entity26 in PR group was 35.1% that was also significantly higher than 8.8% in the KF group (P = 0.008), but the dosage frequency was significantly higher in KF group (P < 0.001). The KF and PR groups average length of stay in the recovery room were 50.71 standard deviation (SD = 9.99) and 42.57 (SD = 11.99) minutes, respectively, indicating a significant difference (P = 0.003). The mean severity of @entity390 in KF and PR groups was, respectively, 2.74 confidence interval (CI = 1.68-3.81) and 0.43 (CI = 0.11-0.75), that was significantly higher in KF group (P < 0.001). The average score of surgeon satisfaction in both KF and PR groups were 7.69 (CI = 7.16-8.21) and 8.65 (CI = 8.25-9.05), respectively, which was higher in KF group (P = 0.004), but the average level of @entity1 satisfaction in KF group was 8.86 (CI = 8.53-9.19) and in PR group was 8.95 (CI - 8.54-9.35) that were not significantly different (P = 0.074). CONCLUSION: There is no statistically significant difference between KF and PR combinations in sedation score, but PR combination provides better @entity158 control, with less @entity390 and shorter recovery time while causing more respiratory side effects, that is, @entity386 and need to @entity26 .

title: Assessment of the effects of @entity3652 - XXXX combination versus @entity1875 -remifentanil combination for sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is one of the most common @entity5 in adolescent and young adult (AYA) @entity1 (ages 15-39) and may develop de novo or in @entity1 previously treated for @entity5 . This study compares the demographic, @entity5 , treatment characteristics, and overall survival (OS) of primary versus secondary (SMN) @entity0 in female AYAs. METHODS: All cases of invasive female AYA @entity0 in the 1998-2010 American College of Surgeons National @entity5 Database were divided into 2 cohorts according to primary or secondary occurrence. Comparisons using appropriate statistical methods were performed. RESULTS: Of 106,771 @entity1 , 6241 (5.8%) had experienced a prior, histologically distinct @entity5 . Breast SMNs were more likely ER-/PR- (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.15-1.34), <1 cm (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.73-1.99) @entity5 and present at a lower T, N (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.34-1.52), and summary stage but with more distant metastases (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.21-1.67) compared with primary @entity5 . Adjusted by stage, SMN @entity1 underwent more total mastectomies and received less chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapy. However, SMN @entity1 received definitive surgical treatment almost twice as fast compared with primary @entity5 (36.12 vs 67.26 days, P   <   .001). @entity1 with SMNs had a significantly decreased 3-year OS (79% vs 88.5%, P   <   .001), with SMN status an independent risk factor for increased mortality (HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.41-1.77). CONCLUSIONS: Nonprimary @entity0 in AYAs has different @entity5 characteristics, presents at a lower stage, and receives less adjuvant therapy than primary @entity5 . SMN status is an independent risk factor for decreased OS, with an almost 10% decrease at 3 years. Whether the outcome disparity results from previous @entity5 treatment or differences in biology, environment, or access to care needs further investigation. @entity5 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Comparison of primary and secondary XXXX in adolescents and young adults.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    It is difficult to determine whether early @entity378 treatment is effective and reducing the infectiousness of @entity1 ' sputum because culture takes weeks and conventional acid-fast sputum microscopy and molecular tests cannot differentiate live from dead @entity378 . METHODS:    To assess treatment response, sputum samples (n=124) from unselected @entity1 (n=35) with sputum microscopy-positive @entity378 were tested pre-treatment and after 3, 6 and 9 days of empiric first-line therapy. @entity378 quantitative viability microscopy with @entity10156 , quantitative culture and acid-fast @entity56921 -microscopy were all performed in triplicate. RESULTS:    @entity378 quantitative viability microscopy predicted quantitative culture results such that 76% of results agreed within   1 logarithm (rS=0.85, p<0.0001). In 31 @entity1 with @entity6371 , viability and quantitative culture results approximately halved (both 0.27 logarithm reduction, p<0.001) daily. For @entity1 with @entity6371 and available data, by treatment day 9 there was more than a 10-fold reduction in viability in 100% (24/24) of cases and quantitative culture in 95% (19/20) of cases. Four other @entity1 subsequently found to have @entity6371 had no significant changes in viability (p=0.4) or quantitative culture (p=0.6) results during early treatment. The change in viability and quantitative culture results during early treatment differed significantly comparing @entity1 with @entity6371 (both p<0.001). Acid-fast microscopy results changed little during early treatment and this change was similar comparing @entity1 with @entity6371 (p=0.6). CONCLUSIONS:    @entity378 quantitative viability microscopy is a simple test that within one hour predicted quantitative culture results that became available weeks later, rapidly indicating whether @entity1 were responding to @entity378 therapy.

title: Clinical evaluation of XXXX viability microscopy for assessing treatment response.

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['MDR-TB', 'non-MDR-TB versus MDR-TB', 'non-MDR-TB']

entities_list: @entity10156 :: ('MESH:C018506', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein diacetate']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: In an attempt to maximize the quality of life of @entity263 @entity1 on prolonged total @entity342 ablation and to minimize side effects, we have devised a strategy of 'sequential @entity342 blockade'. Animal studies have demonstrated that the combination of the @entity10831 inhibitor @entity585 and the antiandrogen @entity12194 was as effective as a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog and @entity12194 in inhibiting the growth of the prostate. In a pilot trial, 10 potent @entity1 with clinical stage C and @entity263 were given the combination of @entity585 (5 mg b.i.d.) and @entity12194 (125-250 mg t.i.d.). Eight of ten @entity1 remained potent. At 3 months the mean prostate-specific antigen level of all @entity1 was 3.8 ng/ml (34 ng/ml prior to therapy). In all patients serum @entity251 increased and those with the highest increase demonstrated @entity247 . The combination was easily tolerable and side effects were few. This treatment regime appears to offer the benefits of total @entity342 blockade, is less expensive and has fewer side effects. Further trials are warranted.

title: Treatment of @entity263 with the combination of @entity585 plus XXXX : early results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['D1 prostate cancer', 'advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity247 :: ('MESH:D006177', 'Disease') :: ['gynecomastia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity12194 :: (MESH:D005485,Chemical) :: ['flutamide']


abstract: In an attempt to maximize the quality of life of @entity263 @entity1 on prolonged total @entity342 ablation and to minimize side effects, we have devised a strategy of 'sequential @entity342 blockade'. Animal studies have demonstrated that the combination of the @entity10831 inhibitor @entity585 and the antiandrogen @entity12194 was as effective as a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog and @entity12194 in inhibiting the growth of the prostate. In a pilot trial, 10 potent @entity1 with clinical stage C and @entity263 were given the combination of @entity585 (5 mg b.i.d.) and @entity12194 (125-250 mg t.i.d.). Eight of ten @entity1 remained potent. At 3 months the mean prostate-specific antigen level of all @entity1 was 3.8 ng/ml (34 ng/ml prior to therapy). In all patients serum @entity251 increased and those with the highest increase demonstrated @entity247 . The combination was easily tolerable and side effects were few. This treatment regime appears to offer the benefits of total @entity342 blockade, is less expensive and has fewer side effects. Further trials are warranted.

title: Treatment of XXXX with the combination of @entity585 plus @entity12194 : early results.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['advanced prostate cancer']


abstract: In an attempt to maximize the quality of life of @entity263 @entity1 on prolonged total @entity342 ablation and to minimize side effects, we have devised a strategy of 'sequential @entity342 blockade'. Animal studies have demonstrated that the combination of the @entity10831 inhibitor @entity585 and the antiandrogen @entity12194 was as effective as a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog and @entity12194 in inhibiting the growth of the prostate. In a pilot trial, 10 potent @entity1 with clinical stage C and @entity263 were given the combination of @entity585 (5 mg b.i.d.) and @entity12194 (125-250 mg t.i.d.). Eight of ten @entity1 remained potent. At 3 months the mean prostate-specific antigen level of all @entity1 was 3.8 ng/ml (34 ng/ml prior to therapy). In all patients serum @entity251 increased and those with the highest increase demonstrated @entity247 . The combination was easily tolerable and side effects were few. This treatment regime appears to offer the benefits of total @entity342 blockade, is less expensive and has fewer side effects. Further trials are warranted.

title: Treatment of @entity263 with the combination of XXXX plus @entity12194 : early results.

answer: @entity585 :: (MESH:D018120,Chemical) :: ['finasteride']


abstract: @entity310 antagonists have revolutionized the treatment of @entity8787 . Nevertheless, between 30 and 45% of @entity1 discontinue infliximab and other @entity310 antagonists over a 2- to 6-year period due to nonresponse, loss of response, or adverse events. Accordingly, the need for novel therapies grows each year. Recent studies have demonstrated the promise of new drugs with distinct modes of action for the treatment of @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ). These include agents targeting leukocyte trafficking, therapies directed against IL-12/23 and Janus kinases (JAK), and antibodies against the classic inflammatory cytokine, @entity650 . The anti-a4-integrin antibody, natalizumab, was the first effective antitrafficking agent for @entity30 ; however, its use has been greatly limited by the risk of progressive multifocal @entity62 . Therefore, second-generation antitrafficking agents have focused on restricting leukocyte blockade to the intestine through mechanisms interfering with a4b7-integrin and its interaction with mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule 1. @entity4452 is a cytokine central to the adaptive immune responses that characterize @entity8787 . Ustekinumab, targeting the p40 subunit of IL-12 and @entity4452 , and the oral JAK inhibitor @entity16826 have proven to be effective in phase 2 trials in @entity30 and @entity31 , respectively. In addition, antibodies targeting the proinflammatory cytokine @entity650 are being studied in @entity30 . Each of the approaches described have promise as well as limitations, so it is likely that the search for novel agents in @entity8787 will continue.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: New Drugs on the Horizon for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity16826 :: ('MESH:C479163', 'Chemical') :: ['tofacitinib']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity8787 :: (MESH:C535541,Disease) :: ['IBD']


abstract: The clinical usefulness of pretreatment imaging techniques for predicting neck control in @entity1 with oropharyngeal or @entity957 (OHSCC) treated with chemoradiation remains unclear. In this prospective study, we investigated the role of pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging (DCE-PWI), diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI), and @entity419 -positron emission tomography ( @entity419 PET)/CT derived imaging markers for the prediction of neck control in OHSCC @entity1 treated with chemoradiation. @entity1 with untreated OHSCC scheduled for chemoradiation between August, 2010 and July, 2012 were eligible for the study. Clinical variables and the following imaging parameters of metastatic neck lymph nodes were examined in relation to neck control: transfer constant, volume of blood plasma, and volume of extracellular extravascular space (Ve) on DCE-PWI; apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on DWI; maximum standardized uptake value, metabolic @entity5 volume, and total lesion glycolysis on @entity419 PET/CT. There were 69 @entity1 (37 with oropharynx SCC and 32 with hypopharynx SCC) with successful pretreatment DCE-PWI and DWI available for analysis. After a median follow-up of 31 months, 25 (36.2%) @entity1 had neck failure. Multivariate analysis identified hemoglobin level <14.3 g/dL (P=0.019), Ve <0.23 (P=0.040), and ADC >1.14*10-3 mm2/s (P=0.003) as independent prognostic factors for 3-year neck control. A prognostic scoring system was formulated by summing up the three significant predictors of neck control. @entity1 with scores of 2-3 had significantly poorer neck control and overall survival rates than @entity1 with scores of 0-1. We conclude that hemoglobin levels, Ve, and ADC are independent pretreatment prognostic factors for neck control in OHSCC treated with chemoradiation. Their combination may identify a subgroup of @entity1 at high risk of developing neck failure.

title: Clinical Utility of Multimodality Imaging with Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI, Diffusion-Weighted MRI, and @entity419 PET/CT for the Prediction of Neck Control in Oropharyngeal or XXXX Treated with Chemoradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose', '18F-FDG']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: The clinical usefulness of pretreatment imaging techniques for predicting neck control in @entity1 with oropharyngeal or @entity957 (OHSCC) treated with chemoradiation remains unclear. In this prospective study, we investigated the role of pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging (DCE-PWI), diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI), and @entity419 -positron emission tomography ( @entity419 PET)/CT derived imaging markers for the prediction of neck control in OHSCC @entity1 treated with chemoradiation. @entity1 with untreated OHSCC scheduled for chemoradiation between August, 2010 and July, 2012 were eligible for the study. Clinical variables and the following imaging parameters of metastatic neck lymph nodes were examined in relation to neck control: transfer constant, volume of blood plasma, and volume of extracellular extravascular space (Ve) on DCE-PWI; apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on DWI; maximum standardized uptake value, metabolic @entity5 volume, and total lesion glycolysis on @entity419 PET/CT. There were 69 @entity1 (37 with oropharynx SCC and 32 with hypopharynx SCC) with successful pretreatment DCE-PWI and DWI available for analysis. After a median follow-up of 31 months, 25 (36.2%) @entity1 had neck failure. Multivariate analysis identified hemoglobin level <14.3 g/dL (P=0.019), Ve <0.23 (P=0.040), and ADC >1.14*10-3 mm2/s (P=0.003) as independent prognostic factors for 3-year neck control. A prognostic scoring system was formulated by summing up the three significant predictors of neck control. @entity1 with scores of 2-3 had significantly poorer neck control and overall survival rates than @entity1 with scores of 0-1. We conclude that hemoglobin levels, Ve, and ADC are independent pretreatment prognostic factors for neck control in OHSCC treated with chemoradiation. Their combination may identify a subgroup of @entity1 at high risk of developing neck failure.

title: Clinical Utility of Multimodality Imaging with Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI, Diffusion-Weighted MRI, and XXXX PET/CT for the Prediction of Neck Control in Oropharyngeal or @entity957 Treated with Chemoradiation.

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-FDG']


abstract: Although often viewed as a single disease, @entity14 more accurately represents a family of diseases with different precursor lesions. Conventional (tubular, tubulovillous and villous) @entity652 are the most common @entity1313 occurring in the large intestine. They have @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) mutations and arise from dysplastic aberrant crypt foci, initially as @entity75 . In @entity5 , @entity5 follows the traditional pathway (chromosomal instability pathway), resulting in CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-negative, @entity124 ( @entity124 ), @entity817 and @entity984 wild-type @entity5 . Germline mutations in the @entity1412 gene lead to @entity1412 . Conventional @entity652 are also the precursors of @entity4309 -associated microsatellite-instable ( @entity17798 -high) @entity5 . Sessile serrated @entity6523 (SSA/P) is the principal precursor lesion of the serrated pathway, in which @entity817 mutation can lead to @entity14 with @entity17798 -high CIMP-high or @entity124 CIMP-high phenotype. SSA/Ps have been associated with synchronous and metachronous invasive @entity420 as well as so-called interval @entity189 . Serrated @entity1412 is rare but most likely underdiagnosed. Affected individuals bear an increased but unspecified risk for the development of @entity14 ; close endoscopic surveillance is warranted. @entity652 ( @entity652 ) are much less common than the other serrated lesions. Cancers originating from @entity652 may show @entity984 mutation with a CIMP-high @entity124 phenotype.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Serrated and non-serrated precursor lesions of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['microsatellite-stable', 'MSS']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['polyclonal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'neoplastic progression', 'sporadic tumours']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'polyposis', 'APC', 'familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma/polyp']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['TSAs', 'Traditional serrated adenomas', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effects of blood pressure reduction in @entity1 with grade 1 @entity101 are unclear. PURPOSE: To investigate whether pharmacologic blood pressure reduction prevents @entity65 and @entity204 in @entity1 with grade 1 @entity101 . DATA SOURCES: Trials included in the BPLTTC (Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration) and trials identified from a previous review and electronic database searches. STUDY SELECTION: @entity1 without @entity65 with blood pressures in the grade 1 @entity101 range (140 to 159/90 to 99 mm Hg) who were randomly assigned to an active (antihypertensive drug or more intensive regimen) or control (placebo or less intensive regimen) blood pressure-lowering regimen. DATA EXTRACTION: Individual- @entity1 data from BPLTTC trials and aggregate data from other trials were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed for all trials. DATA SYNTHESIS: Individual- @entity1 data involved 10 comparisons from trials where most @entity1 had @entity6 , and aggregate data involved 3 comparisons from trials of @entity1 without @entity6 . The average blood pressure reduction was about 3.6/2.4 mm Hg. Over 5 years, odds ratios were 0.86 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.01) for total @entity65 , 0.72 (CI, 0.55 to 0.94) for @entity64 , 0.91 (CI, 0.74 to 1.12) for coronary events, 0.80 (CI, 0.57 to 1.12) for @entity712 , 0.75 (CI, 0.57 to 0.98) for @entity65 , and 0.78 (CI, 0.67 to 0.92) for total @entity204 . Results were similar in secondary analyses. Withdrawal from treatment due to adverse effects was more common in the active groups. LIMITATION: Blood pressure reductions and numbers of events were small. CONCLUSION: Blood pressure-lowering therapy is likely to prevent @entity64 and @entity204 in @entity1 with uncomplicated grade 1 @entity101 . PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation, Swedish Research Council, Australian Research Council, and National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.

title: Effects of blood pressure reduction in mild XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular deaths', 'cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: The acute morbidity of doses of 64.8-75.6 Gy and preliminary observations of late complications and @entity5 response using 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in @entity263 are assessed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 123 @entity1 (Stage A2-12, B1-17, B2-43, C-51) were irradiated to the prostate and seminal vesicles using a 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy technique. The median follow-up time was 15.2 months. The minimum @entity5 dose was 64.8-66.6 Gy in 49 @entity1 , 70.2 Gy in 46, and 75.6 Gy in 28. @entity137 was scored according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group morbidity grading system. RESULTS: This technique of 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy was well-tolerated with minimal acute morbidity. Only 32% of @entity1 had grade 2 or 3 acute morbidity requiring short-term medication for relief of urinary symptoms or @entity294 . Only one @entity1 (0.8%) has so far developed a severe (grade 4) late complication. Serum @entity1486 concentrations normalized in 67% of @entity1 (64/96) within 1-14 months (median 4.5 months) after treatment and were progressively decreasing at last measurement in an additional 22% (21/96). Abnormal rising @entity1486 levels were observed in 15 @entity1 , 11 of whom have already developed other evidence of relapsing disease. CONCLUSION: Acute @entity137 for the doses tested with this 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy technique is reduced compared to traditional treatment techniques, and the initial @entity5 response as assessed by @entity1486 measurement is highly encouraging with @entity1486 levels returning to normal in the majority of @entity1 . Based on these results, a further increase of the dose to 81 Gy has been implemented in accordance with the schema of an ongoing Phase I dose-escalation study.

title: Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in locally advanced XXXX : preliminary results of a phase I dose-escalation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: To discern if physical function test are better mortality predictors than muscle mass in elderly hospitalized @entity1 , we analyzed the prognostic value of muscle mass @entity3147 and compared it with physical muscle function tests, including the six-minute walking test (6MWT) and hand grip strength. We included the ankle brachial index (ABI) to assess @entity455 , related to @entity2057 due to hypoperfusion. We also analyzed the relationship of ABI with @entity3147 , physical function tests and survival. We studied 310 hospitalized @entity1 older than 60 years. To assess nutritional status, we determined BMI, triceps skinfold and mid-arm muscle area; we performed a subjective nutritional assessment; and evaluated the degree of inflammatory stress. We assessed physical function by hand grip strength and 6MWT. We evaluated @entity455 by ABI. Forty-one @entity1 died during hospitalization; 269 were discharged and followed for a mean 808 days, reaching a mortality of 49%. Muscle @entity3147 was frequent and was related to mortality, but the best predictors were physical function tests: inability to perform the 6MWT and low handgrip strength. Function tests were closely related to each other and correlated with nutritional data. Reduced ABI was related to impaired nutritional status, physical function tests and mortality.

title: Prognostic value of physical function tests: hand grip strength and six-minute walking test in elderly hospitalized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background/Aim: We investigated the clinical efficacy of @entity400 ( @entity400 ) with AN69ST hemofilter (AN69ST- @entity400 ) in @entity1 with @entity326 . Materials and Methods: A prospective, multicenter, single-arm study was conducted. @entity1 with @entity295 and @entity1457 defined by hyperlactemia were enrolled. The @entity1 were treated with @entity400 and in accordance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines (SSCG). Results: Thirty-four @entity1 were enrolled. On ICU admission, the mean blood @entity650 level was 44,800    77,700 pg/ml, and the mean blood @entity880 level was 69.0    49.4 mg/dl. Both the mean blood @entity650 and @entity880 levels had significantly decreased to normal ranges after 72 h of AN69ST- @entity400 . Though the mean APACHE II score was 32.7    9.8, 28-day survival was 73.5%. Conclusion: The current study suggested that adding AN69ST- @entity400 to the treatments outlined in the SSCG might lead to good outcomes for @entity1 with @entity326 , probably via the removal of cytokines from the bloodstream.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Continuous Hemodiafiltration with a Cytokine-Adsorbing Hemofilter in @entity1 with XXXX : A Preliminary Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['CHDF', 'continuous hemodiafiltration']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['Septic Shock']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background/Aim: We investigated the clinical efficacy of @entity400 ( @entity400 ) with AN69ST hemofilter (AN69ST- @entity400 ) in @entity1 with @entity326 . Materials and Methods: A prospective, multicenter, single-arm study was conducted. @entity1 with @entity295 and @entity1457 defined by hyperlactemia were enrolled. The @entity1 were treated with @entity400 and in accordance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines (SSCG). Results: Thirty-four @entity1 were enrolled. On ICU admission, the mean blood @entity650 level was 44,800    77,700 pg/ml, and the mean blood @entity880 level was 69.0    49.4 mg/dl. Both the mean blood @entity650 and @entity880 levels had significantly decreased to normal ranges after 72 h of AN69ST- @entity400 . Though the mean APACHE II score was 32.7    9.8, 28-day survival was 73.5%. Conclusion: The current study suggested that adding AN69ST- @entity400 to the treatments outlined in the SSCG might lead to good outcomes for @entity1 with @entity326 , probably via the removal of cytokines from the bloodstream.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Continuous Hemodiafiltration with a Cytokine-Adsorbing Hemofilter in XXXX with @entity326 : A Preliminary Report.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency and timing of @entity5617 and its association with maternal serum @entity160 (MSAFP) levels. METHODS: Pregnancy outcomes were evaluated in 6927 predominantly middle-class @entity1 (83% white, 17% black) who had second-trimester MSAFP determinations performed in our laboratory. All cases of @entity6677 , preexisting @entity5617 , and @entity2241 were excluded. RESULTS: The overall @entity5617 rate was 13 per 1000 (n = 90). Black @entity1 had a higher @entity5617 rate than white @entity1 (35.6 per 1000 versus 8.4 per 1000; P < .001). One hundred forty-eight @entity1 (2.1%) had an adjusted MSAFP multiples of the median (MoM) value of at least 2.5, which was not explained by @entity6677 , @entity154 , or preexisting @entity5617 . As the MSAFP increased, the @entity5617 rate increased (MoM less than 2.0, 11 per 1000; MoM 2-2.49, 29 per 1000; MoM 2.5 or greater, 95 per 1000; P < .001). Despite the increased risk of @entity5617 in the elevated MSAFP group, most @entity5617 (84%) occurred in @entity1 with levels below 2.5 MoM. Furthermore, the timing of fetal loss was significantly different between the group less than 2.5 MoM and the group at or above 2.5 MoM. @entity5617 occurred at or after 26 weeks in 45% of the @entity1 with normal MSAFP, compared with only 14% of @entity1 with high MSAFP (at least 2.5 MoM) (P = .023). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with unexplained elevations in MSAFP are at increased risk for fetal loss, with most of the losses occurring in the second trimester. Because many of these @entity5617 occur at gestational ages when the neonatal survival is very low, it is unlikely that antepartum fetal surveillance aimed at early delivery would substantially increase fetal salvage.

title: Unexplained elevation in maternal serum XXXX and subsequent fetal loss.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['multiple gestation']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal death', 'fetal deaths', 'fetal death']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal malformation']

answer: @entity160 :: (174,Gene) :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']


abstract: (Full text is available at http://www.manu.edu.mk/prilozi). INTRODUCTION: Non-occlusive caecal @entity1188 is a rare condition that has been described in association with a variety of clinical entities, generally due to a low-flow state, and has been reported to occur in association with @entity299 , open-heart surgery, certain drugs, and haemodialysis. The aim of this article is to describe the presentation, diagnosis and management of this unusual clinical problem. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on an 84-year-old female with known @entity299 presenting with right lower @entity490 , @entity925 and @entity491 . Although initial clinical findings were highly suggestive of @entity697 , CT revealed marked circumferential wall thickening of the caecum. Intraoperatively, caecal @entity39 was confirmed, while the appendix and the remainder of the intestine appeared normal. There was no evidence of major @entity432 or @entity887 . The right hemicolectomy was performed with ileo-transverse @entity254 . Histopathologic analysis demonstrated isolated transmural caecal @entity39 with marked infiltration of the caecal wall by numerous bacteria and neutrophils as a consequence of nonocclusive @entity1960 . The @entity1 recovered completely and was discharged from the hospital on the tenth postoperative day without any surgical complications. CONCLUSION: Partial caecal @entity39 should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute right lower @entity158 , especially in elderly @entity1 with @entity299 . Key words: partial caecal @entity39 , @entity63 , @entity299 .

title: Partial caecal @entity39 - a rare cause of right-sided inferior @entity490 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['tenderness']


abstract: (Full text is available at http://www.manu.edu.mk/prilozi). INTRODUCTION: Non-occlusive caecal @entity1188 is a rare condition that has been described in association with a variety of clinical entities, generally due to a low-flow state, and has been reported to occur in association with @entity299 , open-heart surgery, certain drugs, and haemodialysis. The aim of this article is to describe the presentation, diagnosis and management of this unusual clinical problem. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on an 84-year-old female with known @entity299 presenting with right lower @entity490 , @entity925 and @entity491 . Although initial clinical findings were highly suggestive of @entity697 , CT revealed marked circumferential wall thickening of the caecum. Intraoperatively, caecal @entity39 was confirmed, while the appendix and the remainder of the intestine appeared normal. There was no evidence of major @entity432 or @entity887 . The right hemicolectomy was performed with ileo-transverse @entity254 . Histopathologic analysis demonstrated isolated transmural caecal @entity39 with marked infiltration of the caecal wall by numerous bacteria and neutrophils as a consequence of nonocclusive @entity1960 . The @entity1 recovered completely and was discharged from the hospital on the tenth postoperative day without any surgical complications. CONCLUSION: Partial caecal @entity39 should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute right lower @entity158 , especially in elderly @entity1 with @entity299 . Key words: partial caecal @entity39 , @entity63 , @entity299 .

title: Partial caecal @entity39 - a rare cause of right-sided inferior XXXX and @entity925 .

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: (Full text is available at http://www.manu.edu.mk/prilozi). INTRODUCTION: Non-occlusive caecal @entity1188 is a rare condition that has been described in association with a variety of clinical entities, generally due to a low-flow state, and has been reported to occur in association with @entity299 , open-heart surgery, certain drugs, and haemodialysis. The aim of this article is to describe the presentation, diagnosis and management of this unusual clinical problem. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on an 84-year-old female with known @entity299 presenting with right lower @entity490 , @entity925 and @entity491 . Although initial clinical findings were highly suggestive of @entity697 , CT revealed marked circumferential wall thickening of the caecum. Intraoperatively, caecal @entity39 was confirmed, while the appendix and the remainder of the intestine appeared normal. There was no evidence of major @entity432 or @entity887 . The right hemicolectomy was performed with ileo-transverse @entity254 . Histopathologic analysis demonstrated isolated transmural caecal @entity39 with marked infiltration of the caecal wall by numerous bacteria and neutrophils as a consequence of nonocclusive @entity1960 . The @entity1 recovered completely and was discharged from the hospital on the tenth postoperative day without any surgical complications. CONCLUSION: Partial caecal @entity39 should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute right lower @entity158 , especially in elderly @entity1 with @entity299 . Key words: partial caecal @entity39 , @entity63 , @entity299 .

title: Partial caecal XXXX - a rare cause of right-sided inferior @entity490 and @entity925 .

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity301 ( @entity301 ) has been largely ignored by physicians due to a lack of adequate data about the importance of @entity301 in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). We aimed to assess whether @entity301 dilatation develops in @entity1 with @entity712 and to demonstrate its relation with global myocardial function of the right ventricle (RV). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 45 healthy subjects and 95 @entity712 @entity1 exhibiting @entity1002 on echocardiographic examination (EF <45%) secondary to @entity63 (n=56) or @entity1000 ( @entity384 ) (n=39) were enrolled. @entity1 with severe @entity8 were excluded. @entity301 was measured by echocardiography from the posterior atrioventricular groove in the apical four-chamber view. The RV myocardial performance index (MPI), which reflects both systolic and diastolic function of the ventricle, was detected using tissue Doppler imaging, and @entity1 with an RV MPI >0.55 were defined as having @entity296 . ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's correlation, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The @entity301 and RV MPI values were significantly greater both in @entity1 with @entity63 and idiopathic @entity384 than in controls (8.79  1.7 mm and 8.33  2.1 mm vs. 5.74  0.6 mm, and 0.64  0.07 and 0.62  0.08 vs. 0.43  0.02; p<0.001 for both, respectively). For the prediction of @entity712 @entity1 with @entity73 , the cut-off value for the diameter of the @entity301 was 7.35 mm, with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 79%. CONCLUSION: The @entity301 diameter can be used as a novel echocardiographic marker that provides information about @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: XXXX is a sign of impaired right ventricular function in @entity1 with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction and/or valve disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['impaired RV myocardial function']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CS enlargement', 'CS', 'coronary sinus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired RV function']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Coronary sinus dilatation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity301 ( @entity301 ) has been largely ignored by physicians due to a lack of adequate data about the importance of @entity301 in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). We aimed to assess whether @entity301 dilatation develops in @entity1 with @entity712 and to demonstrate its relation with global myocardial function of the right ventricle (RV). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 45 healthy subjects and 95 @entity712 @entity1 exhibiting @entity1002 on echocardiographic examination (EF <45%) secondary to @entity63 (n=56) or @entity1000 ( @entity384 ) (n=39) were enrolled. @entity1 with severe @entity8 were excluded. @entity301 was measured by echocardiography from the posterior atrioventricular groove in the apical four-chamber view. The RV myocardial performance index (MPI), which reflects both systolic and diastolic function of the ventricle, was detected using tissue Doppler imaging, and @entity1 with an RV MPI >0.55 were defined as having @entity296 . ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's correlation, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The @entity301 and RV MPI values were significantly greater both in @entity1 with @entity63 and idiopathic @entity384 than in controls (8.79  1.7 mm and 8.33  2.1 mm vs. 5.74  0.6 mm, and 0.64  0.07 and 0.62  0.08 vs. 0.43  0.02; p<0.001 for both, respectively). For the prediction of @entity712 @entity1 with @entity73 , the cut-off value for the diameter of the @entity301 was 7.35 mm, with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 79%. CONCLUSION: The @entity301 diameter can be used as a novel echocardiographic marker that provides information about @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: @entity384 is a sign of impaired right ventricular function in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity301 ( @entity301 ) has been largely ignored by physicians due to a lack of adequate data about the importance of @entity301 in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). We aimed to assess whether @entity301 dilatation develops in @entity1 with @entity712 and to demonstrate its relation with global myocardial function of the right ventricle (RV). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 45 healthy subjects and 95 @entity712 @entity1 exhibiting @entity1002 on echocardiographic examination (EF <45%) secondary to @entity63 (n=56) or @entity1000 ( @entity384 ) (n=39) were enrolled. @entity1 with severe @entity8 were excluded. @entity301 was measured by echocardiography from the posterior atrioventricular groove in the apical four-chamber view. The RV myocardial performance index (MPI), which reflects both systolic and diastolic function of the ventricle, was detected using tissue Doppler imaging, and @entity1 with an RV MPI >0.55 were defined as having @entity296 . ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's correlation, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The @entity301 and RV MPI values were significantly greater both in @entity1 with @entity63 and idiopathic @entity384 than in controls (8.79  1.7 mm and 8.33  2.1 mm vs. 5.74  0.6 mm, and 0.64  0.07 and 0.62  0.08 vs. 0.43  0.02; p<0.001 for both, respectively). For the prediction of @entity712 @entity1 with @entity73 , the cut-off value for the diameter of the @entity301 was 7.35 mm, with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 79%. CONCLUSION: The @entity301 diameter can be used as a novel echocardiographic marker that provides information about @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: @entity384 is a sign of impaired right ventricular function in XXXX with @entity712 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Measurement of @entity160 ( @entity160 ) was used to investigate the occurrence of feto-maternal @entity548 in @entity1 undergoing medical abortion. DESIGN: Three groups of @entity1 with @entity4999 of 56 or less days were studied. A control and a @entity3927 group had two blood samples taken 48 h apart. @entity1 undergoing medical abortion with gemeprost had two blood samples taken 24 h apart. SETTING: Medical Termination Unit, Simpson Memorial Maternity Pavilion, Edinburgh. SUBJECTS: Three hundred and thirty-five @entity1 requesting abortion. INTERVENTIONS: Blood samples taken at 24 h or 48 h apart. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The rise in concentration of @entity160 in plasma was much higher (P = 0.01) in the two groups of @entity1 in whom abortion was induced by gemeprost or @entity3927 than in control @entity1 . Whereas only 5% of @entity1 in the control group had a significant rise in @entity160 , 27% and 33% of @entity1 in the @entity3927 and gemeprost groups, respectively, had a rise in @entity160 level which exceeded the 95th centile (> or = 38%). The concentration of hCG rose by 48 h in both control and @entity3927 groups. @entity1420 remained unchanged, and @entity53 decreased (P < 0.02) in the @entity3927 group. By 24 h, there was a significant fall in the concentrations of hCG, @entity1420 and @entity53 in the group who had aborted after being given gemeprost. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-D prophylaxis must be administered to rhesus negative @entity1 to avoid rhesus iso-immunisation.

title: Changes in the concentration of XXXX and placental hormones following two methods of medical abortion in early pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity160 :: (174,Gene) :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']


abstract: A 27-year-old @entity1 in late pregnancy presented to the department of obstetrics with crampy @entity490 located in the right flank, 3   years after a laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Clinical investigation showed tenderness on palpation in the upper abdomen without signs of @entity298 . The cardiotocogram and blood tests were normal. The ultrasound showed a @entity3041 on the right side, and a pigtail catheter was inserted. The abdominal symptoms did not abate and the abdominal surgeon was consulted 36   hours after admission. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed promptly because of high suspicion of @entity547 ( @entity547 ). Laparoscopy showed @entity547 at the mesojejunal intermesenteric defect with a herniated common channel and @entity3313 of the @entity254 . Conversion to open reduction and complete closure with non-absorbable interrupted sutures was performed. Small bowel resection was avoided. The @entity1 was discharged 10   days after the operation and a healthy @entity1 was born 4   weeks later.

title: Internal XXXX in late pregnancy after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['IH', 'internal hernia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: A study has been made of the susceptibility of recombinant constructs of reverse transcriptase (RT) and ribonuclease H (RNase H) from @entity2858 ) to digestion by the @entity2858 protease. At neutral pH, the protease attacks a single peptide bond, @entity815 440-Tyr441, in one of the protomers of the folded, active RT/RNase H ( @entity19490 / @entity19490 ) homodimer to give a stable, active heterodimer ( @entity19490 / @entity4206 ) that is resistant to further hydrolysis (Chattopadhyay, D., et al., 1992, J. Biol. Chem. 267, 14227-14232). The @entity1473 -terminal @entity9288 fragment released in the process, however, is rapidly degraded by the protease by cleavage at Tyr483-Leu484 and Tyr532-Leu533. In marked contrast to this @entity9288 segment, both @entity19490 / @entity4206 and a folded RNase H construct are stable to breakdown by the protease at neutral pH. It is only at pH values around 4 that these latter proteins appear to unfold and, under these conditions, the heterodimer undergoes extensive proteolysis. RNase H is also hydrolyzed at low pH, but cleavage takes place primarily at @entity4022 436-Ala437 and at @entity815 440-Tyr441, and only much more slowly at residues 483, 494, and 532. This observation can be reconciled by inspection of crystallographic models of RNase H, which show that residues 483, 494, and 532 are relatively inaccessible in comparison to @entity4022 436 and @entity815 440. Our results fit a model in which the @entity19490 / @entity19490 homodimer exists in a conformation that mirrors that of the heterodimer, but with a @entity9288 segment on one of the protomers that is structurally disordered to the extent that all of its potential @entity645 protease cleavage sites are accessible for hydrolysis.

title: XXXX reverse transcriptase and ribonuclease H as substrates of the viral protease.

entities_list: @entity2858 :: ('11676', 'Species') :: ['human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1', 'HIV-1']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['Human immunodeficiency virus type-1']


abstract: 1. The present study was undertaken to determine the mechanism of action of @entity47289 ( @entity47289 )-induced contraction of the @entity840 isolated @entity825 . 2. @entity47289 (1 nM-0.3 microM) produces a concentration-dependent contraction of @entity840 @entity825 with an EC50 of approximately 25 nM. The combination of the peptidoleukotriene receptor antagonist, SK_F 104353 (10 microM) and the H1- @entity112 receptor antagonist, @entity8765 (10 microM), which abolishes antigen-induced contraction in @entity840 @entity825 , was without effect on @entity47289 concentration-response curves. Furthermore, the @entity71362 antagonist, @entity6849 , (1 or 10 microM) did not inhibit ET-induced contraction. 3. @entity47289 (0.3 microM) did not stimulate @entity112 or immunoreactive peptidoleukotriene release from @entity840 isolated @entity825 . 4. The release of various prostanoids from @entity840 @entity825 was increased significantly by @entity47289 (0.3 microM); the profile of release was @entity1672 (PGD2) = @entity1421 = @entity9077 (PGI2 metabolite) > @entity7489 = PGF2 alpha > 9 alpha, 11 beta PGF2 (PGD2 metabolite). @entity47289 -induced release of @entity2918 , which was about 30% of that elicited by antigen in sensitized tissues, was not affected by epithelium removal and was observed in tissues from which the smooth muscle had been removed. Previous studies in our laboratory indicated that @entity3352 potentiated contraction produced by high concentrations of @entity47289 , whereas a @entity2871 receptor antagonist was without appreciable effect on @entity47289 concentration-response curves. 5. Pretreatment of tissues for 1 h with @entity2951 (10 microM), which depletes different sensory neurones, produced a small, but significant, inhibitory effect on @entity47289 concentration-response curves in the presence but not the absence of the epithelium. The combination of the NK1 @entity4756 receptor antagonist,CP-96,345 (0.1 microM), and the @entity10125 @entity4756 receptor antagonist, @entity21313 (0.1 microM), was without effect on ET-l concentration-response curves but substantially antagonized @entity2951 -induced contraction.6. The present data suggest that in @entity840 isolated @entity825 , ET- 1 produces contraction predominantly via a direct mechanism: there is no significant contribution of the release of @entity112 , @entity4443 , @entity5567 , or @entity4756 (acting on NK1 or @entity10125 receptors). Although @entity47289 evokes the release of an array of @entity2918 from the @entity825 they do not appear to have a major influence on the contractile response.

title: Relative contributions of direct and indirect mechanisms mediating endothelin-induced contraction of XXXX @entity825 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1672 :: ('MESH:D015230', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin D2']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids', 'prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['mepyramine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity71362 :: ('100720710', 'Gene') :: ['platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin', 'tachykinins']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto PGF1 alpha']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']