abstract: Two adult @entity1 who underwent living donor liver transplantation with acute accumulation of @entity1143 are reported. The chest X-ray of @entity1 1 showed no specific finding 3 days before the operation, and @entity1 2 was known to have @entity1143 and underwent pigtail drainage before transplant. After anesthesia induction and insertion of central venous catheters, a portable chest radiograph was taken to confirm the positions of the central venous catheters and endotracheal tube. A massive @entity1143 was noted unexpectedly in both @entity1 . Approximately 2,000 ml transudative fluid was surgically drained through the right diaphragm in @entity1 1 upon opening of the abdominal cavity. The acute accumulation of massive pleural fluid in @entity1 2 was caused by clamping of the pigtail drainage tube during @entity1 transfer to the operating room; upon unclamping of the tube, 2,000 ml fluid was drained. The intraoperative and postoperative transplant courses of both @entity1 were uneventful. Both were discharged from the hospital in stable condition. Our cases suggest that chest X-ray after induction of the anesthesia and before liver transplantation surgery is recommended. In addition to documenting the positions of the central venous catheters and endotracheal tube, a potential life-threatening @entity1143 requiring appropriate management may be detected.

title: Two cases of massive XXXX noted only after induction of anesthesia in living donor liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['right-side pleural effusion', 'pleural effusion']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies have demonstrated that @entity101 remains inadequately managed throughout the world, with lack of adherence to BP-lowering medication being a major factor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if a pharmaceutical care program could improve antihypertensive medication adherence and blood pressure control. SETTING: This study was conducted in a secondary care @entity101 / @entity2299 outpatient clinic in the university teaching hospital of Cova da Beira Hospital Centre, Covilh  , located in the Eastern Central Region of Portugal. METHOD: This report evaluates the pharmacist's interventions during a prospective randomised controlled trial, from July 2009 to June 2010. @entity1 with diagnosis of essential @entity101 attending the clinic for routine follow-up were randomly allocated either to a control group (no pharmaceutical care) or to an intervention group (quarterly follow-up by a hospital pharmacist during a 9-month period). The pharmacist interventions, aimed to increase medication adherence and blood pressure control, involved educational interventions and counselling tips directed to the @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and blood pressure control (according to JNC 7 guidelines) assessed at the baseline visit and at the end of pharmaceutical care were the main outcome measures. Blood pressure measurements were performed by blinded nurses. Medication adherence was also evaluated, using a validated questionnaire at baseline and at the end of investigation. Results A total of 197 @entity101 @entity1 were randomly assigned to the study (99 in the control group and 98 in the intervention group). Although there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in both groups concerning mean age, gender, body mass index, and antihypertensive pharmacotherapy, blood pressure control was higher in the intervention group (P = 0.005) at the end of the study. Significant lower systolic blood pressure (-6.8 mmHg, P = 0.006) and diastolic blood pressure (-2.9 mmHg, P = 0.020) levels were observed in the intervention group. Medication adherence was also significantly higher in the intervention group at the end of the study (74.5% vs. 57.6%, P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Pharmacist intervention can significantly improve medication adherence and blood pressure control in @entity1 treated with antihypertensive agents.

title: Pharmacist intervention program to enhance XXXX control: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: AIM: To report the outcome of @entity189 @entity1 treated radically by external beam radiotherapy and high dose rate intracavitary radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2005 to December 2006, a total of 709 newly diagnosed cases of @entity189 were reported in our department. All cases were staged according to the International Federation of Gynecologist and Oncologist staging system. Out of 709 cases, 342 completed radical radiotherapy and were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of local @entity66 , local recurrence, distant @entity3 , radiation reaction, and disease free survival. RESULTS: There were 11(3.22%), 82(23.98%), 232(67.83%), and 17(4.97%) @entity1 in stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The median follow up time for all @entity1 was 36 months (range 3 -54 months). The overall treatment time (OTT) ranged from 52 to 69 days (median 58 days). The 3 year disease free survival rate was 81.8%, 70.7%, 40.08%, and 11.76% for stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. There were 91 (26.6%) cases with local residual diseases, 27(7.9%) developed distant @entity3 , and 18(5.26%) pts had local recurrence. DISCUSSION: The results of this study suggest that radical radiotherapy with @entity3831 brachytherapy was appropriate for the treatment of early staged @entity5 . For locally advanced @entity5 of cervix addition of concurrent chemotherapy, higher radiation doses, reduction of overall treatment time to less than 8 weeks, and use of latest radiotherapy techniques such as IMRT is recommended to improve the results.

title: Treatment results of radical radiotherapy of XXXX uterine cervix using external beam radiotherapy and high dose rate intracavitary radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of uterine cervix', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma cervix']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: A 47-year-old @entity1 underwent decompressive suboccipital craniectomy and C1 laminectomy with duroplasty in the prone position for @entity1645 and @entity1644 . The arachnoid membrane was not injured. Intraoperative echography showed good enlargement of the subarachnoid space. No closed subcutaneous drain was used. The @entity1 complained of repeated @entity390 and vomiting 3 hours after the operation, and computed tomography revealed @entity548 on postoperative day 1. The @entity548 was treated conservatively, and the symptoms continued only for 3 days after surgery. @entity450 with rapid loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has occurred in every reported case of @entity548 complicating intracranial and spinal procedures. Loss of CSF is the main pathogenesis of this condition. In our case, the most probable pathomechanism seems to involve stretching of the @entity76 veins due to cerebellar sagging because of dural opening in the prone position and drop in CSF pressure. Such a complication is rare but should be considered after foramen magnum decompression surgery if the @entity1 shows @entity391 .

title: Remote XXXX after foramen magnum decompression surgery for Chiari I malformation--case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['remote cerebellar hemorrhage', 'cerebellar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation type I']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['unusual symptoms of repeated vomiting']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['Dural opening']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['infratentorial cerebellar bridging']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['cerebellar hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Routine use of Doppler echocardiography for the initial diagnosis of @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) might allow early detection and, hence, prevention of @entity627 . This study sought to determine the incidence of subclinical @entity2401 in @entity4789 @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: The study included 80 @entity1 (64 @entity625 , 16 @entity4790 ) who were diagnosed with @entity4789 according to the Jones criteria, 1992 update. @entity627 was defined as the presence of the following findings on Doppler echocardiography: mitral and aortic regurgitant jets in at least two planes, the length of the jets >1 cm, and peak flow velocities of >2.5 m/sec for both mitral and aortic regurgitations persisting throughout systole and diastole, respectively. The @entity1 diagnosed with subclinical @entity2401 were re-evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Echocardiography revealed subclinical @entity2401 in 25 @entity1 (31.3%; 13 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ; mean age 11.4  2.5 years) with @entity4789 . Of 64 @entity1 with @entity625 , 34 (53.1%) had clinical @entity2401 and 17 (26.6%) had subclinical @entity2401 . The incidences of clinical and subclinical @entity2401 among 16 @entity1 with @entity4790 were 31.3% (n=5) and 50% (n=8), respectively. Of 20 @entity1 who completed one-year follow-up, persistence of subclinical @entity2401 was observed in 11 cases (55%). CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be attentive to the presence of @entity299 among @entity1 with suspected @entity4789 . Considering the high incidence of subclinical @entity2401 , echocardiographic evidence of @entity2401 should be used as a diagnostic criterion.

title: [Silent enemy in @entity4789 : subclinical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic carditis', 'rheumatic recurrences']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['migratory polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic chorea']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['carditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Routine use of Doppler echocardiography for the initial diagnosis of @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) might allow early detection and, hence, prevention of @entity627 . This study sought to determine the incidence of subclinical @entity2401 in @entity4789 @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: The study included 80 @entity1 (64 @entity625 , 16 @entity4790 ) who were diagnosed with @entity4789 according to the Jones criteria, 1992 update. @entity627 was defined as the presence of the following findings on Doppler echocardiography: mitral and aortic regurgitant jets in at least two planes, the length of the jets >1 cm, and peak flow velocities of >2.5 m/sec for both mitral and aortic regurgitations persisting throughout systole and diastole, respectively. The @entity1 diagnosed with subclinical @entity2401 were re-evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Echocardiography revealed subclinical @entity2401 in 25 @entity1 (31.3%; 13 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ; mean age 11.4  2.5 years) with @entity4789 . Of 64 @entity1 with @entity625 , 34 (53.1%) had clinical @entity2401 and 17 (26.6%) had subclinical @entity2401 . The incidences of clinical and subclinical @entity2401 among 16 @entity1 with @entity4790 were 31.3% (n=5) and 50% (n=8), respectively. Of 20 @entity1 who completed one-year follow-up, persistence of subclinical @entity2401 was observed in 11 cases (55%). CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be attentive to the presence of @entity299 among @entity1 with suspected @entity4789 . Considering the high incidence of subclinical @entity2401 , echocardiographic evidence of @entity2401 should be used as a diagnostic criterion.

title: [Silent enemy in XXXX : subclinical @entity2401 ].

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['acute rheumatic fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1296 is among the most frequent neurological chief complaints in emergency room (ER) @entity1 . Although the majority of underlying disorders are benign, serious causes that require immediate in-hospital treatment may occur that are difficult to identify clinically. METHODS: Retrospective study of 475 consecutive ER neurological consultations with @entity1296 as the chief complaint. RESULTS: Of all ER @entity1296 @entity1 , 73% were initially assigned to benign and 27% to serious diagnoses. The two most frequent disorders were @entity345 (22%) and @entity64 (20%). On follow-up (available in 124 @entity1 ), 43% of all ER diagnoses were corrected: 6% of benign ER diagnoses were corrected to serious diagnoses, 23% of serious ER diagnoses were revised to benign. The most frequent corrections concerned @entity1 with an ER diagnosis of @entity64 or @entity528 . CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity1 sample studied here, serious causes of @entity1296 were more prevalent than can be expected from population-based surveys or data from specialized outpatient departments. However, inappropriate assignment of @entity1296 @entity1 to benign diagnoses still occurred in a relevant proportion of @entity1 . ER clinical pathways, planning of imaging resources and follow-up of @entity1 in- and outside the hospital must take these points into consideration.

title: XXXX in the emergency room: diagnoses and misdiagnoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity345 :: ('MESH:D065635', 'Disease') :: ['benign paroxysmal positional vertigo']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['Dizziness', 'dizziness']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular neuronitis']

answer: @entity1296 :: (MESH:D004244,Disease) :: ['Dizziness']


abstract: AIMS: Many inoperable @entity1 with severe @entity472 ( @entity472 ) are not immediately eligible for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We evaluated the role of percutaneous @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ) in this setting. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 210 consecutive @entity1 referred to our institution for @entity2333 , we identified three groups: immediately eligible for TAVI (n=65, 31%), excluded from TAVI (n=67, 32%), @entity2333 as a bridge to TAVI (n=78, 37%). This last group comprised @entity1 with low left ventricular ejection fraction, frailty or enfeebled status, symptoms of uncertain origin, critical conditions, moderate-to-severe @entity339 , need of major non-cardiac surgery. Outpatient clinic visit and echocardiography were performed around one month after @entity2333 to decide the final therapeutic strategy. Mean age was 81  8 years and the vast majority of @entity1 had comorbidities and high-risk features. The incidence of periprocedural adverse events was 6.4%: 5.1% @entity204 (four @entity1 : one procedural complication, three, natural disease progression), 1.3% minor @entity64 . After @entity2333 , 46% of these @entity1 were deemed eligible for TAVI, and 28% for cardiac surgery. @entity1 who underwent TAVI after bridge @entity2333 showed 94% 30-day survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2333 is a safe and effective tool to bridge selected @entity1 to TAVI when indications are not obvious.

title: The role of percutaneous XXXX as a bridge for transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['balloon aortic valvuloplasty', 'BAV']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['balloon aortic valvuloplasty']


abstract: Loxosceles spiders are found globally, especially in South and North America. In Brazil, approximately 10,000 cases of Loxosceles spp. spider bites are reported annually. Herein we analyzed 81 @entity1 diagnosed as either cutaneous or cutaneous-hemolytic loxoscelism, in a geographical area where most accidents are caused by Loxosceles gaucho, and we report their clinical and laboratory data obtained during week 1 and 2 after the bite. Massive @entity2142 was noticed in only 2 cases, but high serum @entity648 and LDH levels, suggestive of @entity2142 , were noticed in 25 cases on admission. @entity417 was not frequent (14.7%), and reticulocytosis was particularly noticed during week 2 (in 56% of @entity1 ). High D-dimer levels were suggestive of endothelial cell activation and intravascular thrombin generation, but @entity882 was noticed in only 17.6% of @entity1 in week 1. @entity810 ( @entity810 ) only occurred in @entity1 with massive @entity2142 . The definitive diagnosis of overt disseminated @entity5642 (DIC) could not be established on admission. Fever was associated with the presence of @entity2142 (p  =  0.03). Altogether, these findings provide evidence that mild @entity2142 is frequent in loxoscelism and suggest that @entity810 is uncommon, exclusively occurring in @entity1 with massive @entity2142 .

title: Clinical picture and laboratorial evaluation in XXXX loxoscelism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'Acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic approaches to @entity2 are evolving, with personalized therapy, based on "molecular analysis" of @entity5 being developed. Given that approximately 90% of @entity1 will not undergo surgery for their disease, an ability to apply these tests to small samples obtained at the time of initial pathological diagnosis is desirable. Studies in this area have produced variable results, and the minimum area of @entity5 tissue required for analysis has not been defined. Furthermore, such assays have not been widely applied to cytology specimens, which may be the only source of diagnostic material in many cases. METHODS: Routinely processed biopsy and cytology specimens were microdissected to enrich for @entity5 cells, followed by RNA extraction using QIAGEN RNeasy kit and cDNA synthesis/reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for genes including @entity217 , @entity11833 , and @entity4736 , according to standard laboratory protocols. Paired biopsy and resection specimens were similarly analyzed. RESULTS: As little as 1 mm   of @entity5 tissue, from a 10- m-thick section, may be used to produce RNA suitable for analysis. RNA of adequate quality and quantity for analysis may be obtained from residual, routinely processed biopsy and cytology specimens. There is good correlation between the result obtained on the @entity5 biopsy specimen and paired blocks from the surgical resection with respect to clinical decision making. CONCLUSION: Routinely processed clinical diagnostic samples provide a suitable source of RNA for polymerase chain reaction-based molecular analyses, potentially providing personalized medicine to all @entity2 @entity1 .

title: Routinely obtained diagnostic material as a source of RNA for personalized medicine in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic approaches to @entity2 are evolving, with personalized therapy, based on "molecular analysis" of @entity5 being developed. Given that approximately 90% of @entity1 will not undergo surgery for their disease, an ability to apply these tests to small samples obtained at the time of initial pathological diagnosis is desirable. Studies in this area have produced variable results, and the minimum area of @entity5 tissue required for analysis has not been defined. Furthermore, such assays have not been widely applied to cytology specimens, which may be the only source of diagnostic material in many cases. METHODS: Routinely processed biopsy and cytology specimens were microdissected to enrich for @entity5 cells, followed by RNA extraction using QIAGEN RNeasy kit and cDNA synthesis/reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for genes including @entity217 , @entity11833 , and @entity4736 , according to standard laboratory protocols. Paired biopsy and resection specimens were similarly analyzed. RESULTS: As little as 1 mm   of @entity5 tissue, from a 10- m-thick section, may be used to produce RNA suitable for analysis. RNA of adequate quality and quantity for analysis may be obtained from residual, routinely processed biopsy and cytology specimens. There is good correlation between the result obtained on the @entity5 biopsy specimen and paired blocks from the surgical resection with respect to clinical decision making. CONCLUSION: Routinely processed clinical diagnostic samples provide a suitable source of RNA for polymerase chain reaction-based molecular analyses, potentially providing personalized medicine to all @entity2 @entity1 .

title: Routinely obtained diagnostic material as a source of RNA for personalized medicine in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current management paradigm for clival @entity3580 includes cytoreductive surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy. Surgical approaches have traditionally utilized the microscope to remove these lesions through approaches that require extensive @entity79 , brain retraction, and mobilization of normal anatomy to create a suitably large corridor. The endoscopic ventral approaches provide a direct route to the @entity5 using natural orifices. Little data exist comparing these 2 surgical strategies. We conducted a systematic review of case series and case reports in hope of furthering our understanding of the role of endoscopy in the management of these difficult @entity129 . METHODS: We performed a MEDLINE (1950 to 2010) search to identify relevant studies. Statistical analyses of categorical variables such as extent of resection, morbidity, and visual outcome were carried out using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: Thirty-seven studies, involving 766 @entity1 , were included. Compared with the open surgery cohort, the endoscopic cohort had a significantly higher percentage of gross total resection (61.0% vs. 48.1%; P = 0.010), fewer @entity129 (1.3% vs. 24.2%, P < 0.001), fewer incidences of @entity693 (0.9% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.029), less mortality (4.7% vs. 21.6%, P < 0.001), and fewer local recurrences (16.9% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of @entity86 (P = 0.084). Follow-up was longer in the open compared with the endoscopic cohort (59.7 vs. 18.5 months, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic analysis supports the endoscopic ventral approaches as a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of certain clival @entity3580 . Although the overall literature supports this technique in carefully selected @entity1 , longer follow-up is needed to more definitively address therapeutic efficacy. Careful @entity1 selection and meticulous multilayer closure are critical to obtaining maximal resection and acceptably low @entity5173 rates.

title: The endoscope-assisted ventral approach compared with open microscope-assisted surgery for clival XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits', 'cranial base lesions']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone drilling']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordomas']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. OBJECTIVE: To compare survivorship after cement augmentation of @entity3814 (OVCFs) with traditional @entity158 management and bracing. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: OVCFs can cause debilitating @entity158 and functional decline necessitating prolonged bed rest and high-dose narcotics. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are cement augmentation procedures used to control @entity158 and restore function in @entity1 with OVCF's that are refractory to conservative treatment. Early mobilization is associated with improved survival after other @entity174 in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: A university hospital database was used to identify all @entity1 treated with primary diagnosis of OVCF between 1993 and 2006. Chart review and imaging studies were used to confirm demographics, comorbidities, diagnosis, and treatment. Survival time was determined using hospital data, national @entity204 indices and @entity1 follow-up. Exact Fisher tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and proportional hazards regression models with Kaplan-Meier plots compared @entity1 treated with cement augmentation with controls treated with @entity158 management and bracing. @entity1 with high-energy trauma, @entity5 or age more than 60 years were excluded. RESULTS: Within the past 12 years, 46 @entity1 treated with cement augmentation and 129 matched controls met inclusion criteria. They did not differ with respect to age, sex, and comorbidities. A significant survival advantage was found after cement augmentation compared with controls (P < 0.001; log rank), regardless of comorbidities, age, or the number of @entity174 diagnosed at the start date (P = 0.565). Controlling simultaneously for covariates, the estimated hazard ratio associated with cementation was 0.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02-0.43; P = 0.002) for year 1, 0.15 (95% CI = 0.02-1.12; P = 0.064) for year 2, and 0.95 (95% CI = 0.32-2.79; P = 0.919) for subsequent follow-up. The number of OVCFs at the start time of treatment did not affect survival benefit of cementation (P = 0.44). CONCLUSION: Cement augmentation of refractory OVCF improves survival for up to 2 years when compared with conservative @entity158 management with bed rest, narcotics, and extension bracing, regardless of age, sex, and number of @entity174 or comorbidities. Therefore, aggressive management should be considered for refractory OVCFs with @entity615 .

title: Cement augmentation of XXXX : survivorship analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['refractory osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['intractable back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'inpatient pain']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['refractory osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In previous work using gold as a model substrate, we showed that modification of surfaces with @entity968 ( @entity970 ) and @entity4336 trypsin inhibitor (CTI) rendered them protein resistant and inhibitory against activated factor XII. Sequential attachment of @entity970 followed by CTI gave superior performance compared to direct attachment of a preformed @entity970 -CTI conjugate. In the present work, a sequential method was used to attach @entity970 and CTI to a @entity2636 (PU) substrate to develop a material with applicability for blood-contacting medical devices. Controls included surfaces modified only with @entity970 and only with CTI. Surfaces were characterized by water contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface density of CTI was in the range of a monolayer and was higher on the PU substrate than on gold reported previously. Biointeractions were investigated by measuring fibrinogen adsorption from buffer and plasma, factor XIIa inhibition and plasma clotting time. Both the PU- @entity970 surfaces and the PU- @entity970 -CTI surfaces showed low fibrinogen adsorption from buffer and plasma, indicating that @entity970 retained its protein resistance when conjugated to CTI. Although the CTI density was lower on PU- @entity970 -CTI than on PU modified only with CTI, PU- @entity970 -CTI exhibited greater factor XIIa inhibition and a longer plasma clotting time, suggesting that @entity970 facilitates the interaction of CTI with factor XIIa. Thus sequential attachment of @entity970 and CTI may be a useful approach to improve the thromboresistance of PU surfaces.

title: Modification of @entity2636 with Polyethylene Glycol- XXXX Trypsin Inhibitor for Inhibition of Factor Xlla in Blood Contact.

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['Corn']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In previous work using gold as a model substrate, we showed that modification of surfaces with @entity968 ( @entity970 ) and @entity4336 trypsin inhibitor (CTI) rendered them protein resistant and inhibitory against activated factor XII. Sequential attachment of @entity970 followed by CTI gave superior performance compared to direct attachment of a preformed @entity970 -CTI conjugate. In the present work, a sequential method was used to attach @entity970 and CTI to a @entity2636 (PU) substrate to develop a material with applicability for blood-contacting medical devices. Controls included surfaces modified only with @entity970 and only with CTI. Surfaces were characterized by water contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface density of CTI was in the range of a monolayer and was higher on the PU substrate than on gold reported previously. Biointeractions were investigated by measuring fibrinogen adsorption from buffer and plasma, factor XIIa inhibition and plasma clotting time. Both the PU- @entity970 surfaces and the PU- @entity970 -CTI surfaces showed low fibrinogen adsorption from buffer and plasma, indicating that @entity970 retained its protein resistance when conjugated to CTI. Although the CTI density was lower on PU- @entity970 -CTI than on PU modified only with CTI, PU- @entity970 -CTI exhibited greater factor XIIa inhibition and a longer plasma clotting time, suggesting that @entity970 facilitates the interaction of CTI with factor XIIa. Thus sequential attachment of @entity970 and CTI may be a useful approach to improve the thromboresistance of PU surfaces.

title: Modification of XXXX with Polyethylene Glycol- @entity4336 Trypsin Inhibitor for Inhibition of Factor Xlla in Blood Contact.

answer: @entity2636 :: (MESH:D011140,Chemical) :: ['Polyurethane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Protein @entity986 ( @entity986 ) immunocytochemistry (ICCp16) has the potential to reveal lesions at risk of progression to @entity5 . This study examined measures of diagnostic validity of ICCp16 in @entity645 -positive @entity1 treated at the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas in the coloproctology outpatient clinic. METHODS: One hundred ninety @entity645 -positive @entity1 were consecutively enrolled in 2007 and 2008. All @entity1 underwent anal cytologic sampling to perform ICCp16 in conventional and GluCyte (Synermed International, Westfield, Indiana and S  ao Paulo, Brazil) smears and also for genotyping of @entity1082 ). @entity1 were then subjected to anal biopsies monitored by high-resolution anoscopy. @entity1710 -eosin and immunoperoxidase @entity986 (clone 6H12) stains were performed in slides with biopsied and cytological specimens, respectively. HPV genotyping on anal scrapings was performed by a polymerase-chain reaction (PCR)-based method. The immunochemical findings were compared with histopathological and PCR results in contingency tables and analyzed by nonparametric tests. Measures of diagnostic validity of ICCp16 were calculated. Statistical significance was set at P  <= .5. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant association between the immunochemical results (conventional or GluCyte smears) and histopathological or HPV genotyping findings (P > .05). In the best scenario, ICCp16 presented 31% sensitivity and 81% specificity for the diagnosis of @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) and 30% and 66%, respectively, for the diagnosis of @entity281 with high-risk HPV. CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between ICCp16 results and histopathological findings nor between ICCp16 and HPV genotyping. ICCp16 showed poor sensitivity and moderate specificity for the diagnosis of @entity2784 or high-risk HPV.

title: Performance of XXXX immunocytochemistry as a marker of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['ASIL', 'anal squamous intraepithelial lesion']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16INK4a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity2054 , a surgical emergency, is defined as increased pressure in an osseofascial space. The resulting reduction of capillary perfusion to that compartment requires prompt fasciotomy. Treatment delay has a poor prognosis, and is associated with muscle and nerve @entity63 , resultant @entity1188 , and late-onset @entity1159 . OBJECTIVES: We report a case of traumatic bilateral upper limb acute @entity2054 associated with @entity21668 , requiring @entity341 . CASE REPORT: A 25-year-old male bodybuilder taking @entity21668 , with no past medical history, presented to the Emergency Department 25 min after a road traffic accident. Secondary survey confirmed injuries to both upper limbs with no distal @entity531 . Plain radiographs demonstrated bilateral metaphyseal fractures of the distal humeri. Within 2 h of the accident, the @entity1 developed clinical features that were consistent with bilateral upper arm @entity2054 . @entity1621 of both anterior and posterior compartments were performed, confirming clinical suspicion. CONCLUSION: We suggest consideration of a history of anabolic @entity134 use when evaluating @entity1 with extremity @entity130 .

title: Bilateral simultaneous traumatic upper arm compartment syndromes associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral emergency fasciotomies']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular deficit']

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral fasciotomies']

entities_list: @entity21668 :: ('MESH:D016114', 'Disease') :: ['anabolic steroids']

answer: @entity21668 :: (MESH:D016114,Disease) :: ['anabolic steroids']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity4648 of the cervix and endometrium as a cause of secondary @entity249 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Istanbul Bakirkoy @entity1 and @entity1 Teaching and Research Hospital. @entity1 (S): A 31-year-old @entity1 with secondary @entity249 owing to @entity4648 of the endometrium and cervix in whom uterine perforation occurred during the removal of bone fragments. INTERVENTION(S): Diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy and laparotomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Visualization of the disappearance of the @entity4648 region with transvaginal ultrasound examination after the hysteroscopy intervention. RESULT(S): @entity75 are removed by operative hysteroscopy. During this operation, laparotomy was done because of perforation of the uterine wall, and the perforated area was repaired. Two weeks after surgery, the @entity1 underwent a transvaginal ultrasound examination, and the abnormal ultrasound appearance had resolved. CONCLUSION(S): As a rare cause of @entity249 , @entity4648 can be seen in the cervix and the endometrium. If @entity4648 is deep enough during operative hysteroscopy, uterine perforation may occur. Clinicians must be careful for this reason, especially in cases of @entity4648 .

title: Osseous metaplasia of the cervix and endometrium: a case of secondary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'Women', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['osseous metaplasia', 'deep osseous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Osseous metaplasia lesions']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine suicide rates, sociodemographic risk factors, and reasons for suicide attempts. METHODS: This hospital based, retrospective study consisted of 1613 suicide attempts brought to the emergency services of 8 state hospitals in Hatay, @entity233 from January 2007 to December 2009. We obtained the data by retrospective analysis of @entity1 record forms including information on age, gender, education level, marital status, occupation, reason for suicide, method of suicide, presence of previous @entity146 in the @entity1 or family, previous suicidal behavior in the @entity1 or family. We obtained current population data of the province from the Turkish State Institute of Statistics. Chi-Square test, and percentage distribution was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of females (23.9+/-7.9) was lower than males (26.6+/-9.7). The mean annual rate of attempted suicides per 100,000 was 38.14 (16.11 in males, 60.42 in females). The rate decreased as the age increased, and was highest in the 15-24 age group, in @entity1 , in non-married @entity1 , and in the individuals with high school education. Self-poisoning with a drug @entity1445 was the most common method, and domestic conflicts were the most common reason. @entity146 history in the family or @entity1 , and suicide attempt in the family were risk factors associated with repeated suicide attempts. CONCLUSION: The suicide attempt rate was lower than in many western countries, and similar to previous studies in @entity233 . The risk of recurrence in suicide attempts is high, and is associated with psychosocial factors.

title: Epidemiology of attempted suicide in Hatay, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Psychiatric disease', 'psychiatric disease']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: @entity1381 and condition is primarily a result of @entity177 in which uremic toxins are accumulated. More and more attention is paid to possibilities for @entity1381 , which not only means dialysis, but also takes into account special dietary considerations and treatments, which aim to absorb the toxins or reduce their production. These uremic toxins, which also increase the cardiovascular risks, play a major part in morbidity and mortality of @entity1 suffering from @entity177 and those receiving renal replacement therapy. One of them is a member of the @entity19772 group, the @entity6634 . This toxin is difficult to remove with dialysis and is an endogenous protein-bound uremic toxin. Today we know that @entity6634 is a vascular-nephrotoxic agent, which is able to enhance progression of @entity65 . It is of particular importance that because of its redox potency, this toxin causes oxidative stress and antioxidant effects at the same time and, on top of that, it is formed in the intestinal system. Its serum concentration depends on the nutrition and the tubular function and, therefore, it can also signal the progression of @entity177 independently of glomerular filtration rate. Successful removal of @entity6634 reduces the morbidity and mortality and improves survival. Therefore, it could be a possible target or area to facilitate the @entity5507 in @entity177 . The use of probiotics and prebiotics with oral adsorbents may prove to be a promising opportunity to reduce @entity6634 accumulation.

title: [The uremic toxin, XXXX , signifies cardio-renal risk and intestinal-renal relationship].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5507 :: ('MESH:D014511', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of uremia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['Uremic syndrome', 'removal of uremic toxins']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity6634 :: ('MESH:D007200', 'Chemical') :: ['indoxyl sulfate']

answer: @entity6634 :: (MESH:D007200,Chemical) :: ['indoxyl sulfate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine through the analysis of our multi-institutional database whether postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity3484 with localized invasive @entity3484 ( @entity3484 ) is beneficial. METHODS: A study population of 93 @entity1 with pT3N0/xM0 @entity3484 was eligible for this study. Clinical features evaluated were sex, @entity5 location, adjuvant chemotherapy status, @entity5 pathology (histology, grade, infiltrating growth, @entity3 ( @entity3 )), and cause of @entity204 . Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors related to CSS were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: In @entity1803 @entity1 , overall 5-year CSS rate was 68.4% and median CSS time was 31 months (range 3-114 months). In the adjuvant chemotherapy group, 5-year CSS rate was 80.8%, whereas 5-year CSS rate was 64.4% in the non-adjuvant chemotherapy group. By multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy status was significantly associated with CSS (P = 0.008) were sex, @entity5 grade, @entity5 histology, and @entity3 presence. CONCLUSIONS: This study, although it was retrospective study, revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy after RNU may be beneficial in pT3N0/X @entity1 by multivariate analysis. Prospective studies evaluating adjuvant therapy regimens for UTTC are required.

title: The result of adjuvant chemotherapy for localized XXXX @entity3484 in a multi-institutional study.

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['UUTC', 'upper urinary tract carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion', 'LVI']

answer: @entity1803 :: (7694,Gene) :: ['pT3']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine through the analysis of our multi-institutional database whether postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity3484 with localized invasive @entity3484 ( @entity3484 ) is beneficial. METHODS: A study population of 93 @entity1 with pT3N0/xM0 @entity3484 was eligible for this study. Clinical features evaluated were sex, @entity5 location, adjuvant chemotherapy status, @entity5 pathology (histology, grade, infiltrating growth, @entity3 ( @entity3 )), and cause of @entity204 . Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors related to CSS were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: In @entity1803 @entity1 , overall 5-year CSS rate was 68.4% and median CSS time was 31 months (range 3-114 months). In the adjuvant chemotherapy group, 5-year CSS rate was 80.8%, whereas 5-year CSS rate was 64.4% in the non-adjuvant chemotherapy group. By multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy status was significantly associated with CSS (P = 0.008) were sex, @entity5 grade, @entity5 histology, and @entity3 presence. CONCLUSIONS: This study, although it was retrospective study, revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy after RNU may be beneficial in pT3N0/X @entity1 by multivariate analysis. Prospective studies evaluating adjuvant therapy regimens for UTTC are required.

title: The result of adjuvant chemotherapy for localized @entity1803 XXXX in a multi-institutional study.

answer: @entity3484 :: (MESH:D014571,Disease) :: ['upper urinary tract carcinoma']


abstract: Three studies were performed to examine the effect of starch and protein digestion rates on N retention in grower @entity1707 . In Exp. 1, the glycemic index (GI) of @entity4336 , a malting @entity2247 , and a slow-rumen-degradable @entity2247 (SRD- @entity2247 ) were measured using 6 barrows (BW = 18.0    0.5 kg). The GI of malting @entity2247 was greater (P < 0.05) than that of SRD- @entity2247 (71.1 vs. 49.4), and the GI of both @entity2247 cultivars was less (P < 0.05) than that of @entity4336 (104.8). In Exp. 2, the standardized ileal digestibility of AA and DE content of the 3 ingredients were determined using 5 ileal-cannulated barrows (BW = 20.7    2.3). The apparent total-tract energy digestibility values of @entity4336 (86.1%) and malting @entity2247 (85.7%) were greater (P < 0.05) than that of SRD- @entity2247 (82.3%). The standardized ileal digestibility of Lys was 94.0, 92.6, and 92.4% for @entity4336 , malting @entity2247 , and SRD- @entity2247 , respectively, and did not differ among grains. In Exp. 3, 6 diets were formulated to equal DE (3.40 Mcal/kg), standardized ileal digestibility of Lys (8.6 g/kg), starch (424.9 g/kg), and digestible CP (180.0 g/kg) using the values obtained in Exp. 2. Three GI [high ( @entity4336 ), medium (malting @entity2247 ), and low (SRD- @entity2247 )] and 2 rates of protein digestion [rapid (soy protein hydrolysate) and slow (soy protein isolate)] were tested in a 3   2 factorial arrangement with 36 barrows (BW = 32.2    2.5 kg). @entity1707 were fed 3.0 times the maintenance energy requirement daily in 2 meals for 2 wk and were housed in metabolic crates to collect feces and urine separately. At the end of the study, intestinal contents were collected from 4 equal-length segments of the small intestine. The percentage of unabsorbed CP in segment 1 relative to dietary CP was greater (P < 0.05) for the soy protein isolate diet than for the soy protein hydrolysate diet (170.3 vs. 116.5%). The percentages of unabsorbed starch in segments 1 and 2 were greater (P < 0.05) for the SRD- @entity2247 diet than for the malting @entity2247 or @entity4336 diet. @entity1568 intake and fecal N excretion were greater (P < 0.05) for @entity1707 fed the malting @entity2247 and SRD- @entity2247 diets than for @entity1707 fed the @entity4336 diet. Urinary N excretion was greater (P < 0.05) for @entity1707 fed the SRD- @entity2247 diet than for @entity1707 fed the @entity4336 or malting @entity2247 diet. @entity1707 fed slowly digestible starch (SRD- @entity2247 ; 46.6%) had less (P < 0.05) net N retention than @entity1707 fed @entity4336 or malting @entity2247 (54.7 and 54.1%, respectively). In conclusion, slowly digestible starch sources such as SRD- @entity2247 may not be suitable to support maximum protein deposition in restricted-fed grower @entity1707 .

title: Glycemic index of starch affects XXXX retention in grower @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: Three studies were performed to examine the effect of starch and protein digestion rates on N retention in grower @entity1707 . In Exp. 1, the glycemic index (GI) of @entity4336 , a malting @entity2247 , and a slow-rumen-degradable @entity2247 (SRD- @entity2247 ) were measured using 6 barrows (BW = 18.0    0.5 kg). The GI of malting @entity2247 was greater (P < 0.05) than that of SRD- @entity2247 (71.1 vs. 49.4), and the GI of both @entity2247 cultivars was less (P < 0.05) than that of @entity4336 (104.8). In Exp. 2, the standardized ileal digestibility of AA and DE content of the 3 ingredients were determined using 5 ileal-cannulated barrows (BW = 20.7    2.3). The apparent total-tract energy digestibility values of @entity4336 (86.1%) and malting @entity2247 (85.7%) were greater (P < 0.05) than that of SRD- @entity2247 (82.3%). The standardized ileal digestibility of Lys was 94.0, 92.6, and 92.4% for @entity4336 , malting @entity2247 , and SRD- @entity2247 , respectively, and did not differ among grains. In Exp. 3, 6 diets were formulated to equal DE (3.40 Mcal/kg), standardized ileal digestibility of Lys (8.6 g/kg), starch (424.9 g/kg), and digestible CP (180.0 g/kg) using the values obtained in Exp. 2. Three GI [high ( @entity4336 ), medium (malting @entity2247 ), and low (SRD- @entity2247 )] and 2 rates of protein digestion [rapid (soy protein hydrolysate) and slow (soy protein isolate)] were tested in a 3   2 factorial arrangement with 36 barrows (BW = 32.2    2.5 kg). @entity1707 were fed 3.0 times the maintenance energy requirement daily in 2 meals for 2 wk and were housed in metabolic crates to collect feces and urine separately. At the end of the study, intestinal contents were collected from 4 equal-length segments of the small intestine. The percentage of unabsorbed CP in segment 1 relative to dietary CP was greater (P < 0.05) for the soy protein isolate diet than for the soy protein hydrolysate diet (170.3 vs. 116.5%). The percentages of unabsorbed starch in segments 1 and 2 were greater (P < 0.05) for the SRD- @entity2247 diet than for the malting @entity2247 or @entity4336 diet. @entity1568 intake and fecal N excretion were greater (P < 0.05) for @entity1707 fed the malting @entity2247 and SRD- @entity2247 diets than for @entity1707 fed the @entity4336 diet. Urinary N excretion was greater (P < 0.05) for @entity1707 fed the SRD- @entity2247 diet than for @entity1707 fed the @entity4336 or malting @entity2247 diet. @entity1707 fed slowly digestible starch (SRD- @entity2247 ; 46.6%) had less (P < 0.05) net N retention than @entity1707 fed @entity4336 or malting @entity2247 (54.7 and 54.1%, respectively). In conclusion, slowly digestible starch sources such as SRD- @entity2247 may not be suitable to support maximum protein deposition in restricted-fed grower @entity1707 .

title: Glycemic index of starch affects @entity1568 retention in grower XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Short interfering RNA (siRNA) technology is a powerful tool for suppressing gene expression in @entity1 cells. In this study, we focused on the development of siRNAs conjugated with @entity7609 at the 5'-end of the sense strand (C16-siRNAs) using our novel synthesis strategy in order to improve the potency of siRNA. The C16-siRNAs exhibited enhanced nuclease stability. In addition, they showed potent gene-silencing efficacy against exogenous Renilla luciferase in HeLa cells compared with a nonmodified siRNA in the presence of Lipofectamine 2000. The C16-siRNAs also had a more potent inhibitory effect on Renilla luciferase activity than the other siRNA conjugated with lipids at the 5'-end and the 3'-end by @entity17369 conjugation. For further improvement, the gene silencing potency of the C16-siRNAs against the endogenous @entity7 ( @entity7 ) gene in HeLa cells was investigated. In this investigation, the siRNAs were prepared not only with the normal RNA sequence but also coupled with an inverted @entity1014 (idT) at the 3'-ends of both the sense and antisense strands (siRNA-idT), including @entity7609 conjugations at the 5'-end of the sense strand, to improve stability. The C16-siRNA including idT modifications exhibited a significantly greater inhibitory effect on the @entity7 gene in the presence of Lipofectamine 2000. It is noteworthy that C16-siRNA-idT demonstrated long-term gene-silencing efficacy of up to 5 days. Interestingly, the C16-siRNAs, including that with idT modifications, exhibited strong RNAi potency in the absence of any transfection reagents, although only at high concentrations. Both the C16-siRNAs and C16-siRNA-idT induced a high level of membrane permeability in HeLa cells. Our developed C16-siRNAs, particularly C16-siRNA-idT, are thus among the promising candidates for a new generation of modified siRNAs that can solve the many problems associated with siRNA technology.

title: XXXX -conjugated 21-nucleotide siRNA enhances gene-silencing activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity17369 :: ('CHEBI:45021', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoyl']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity7609 :: (MESH:D019308,Chemical) :: ['Palmitic acid']


abstract: @entity783 , a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, has shown activity in preclinical @entity11 models. The primary objectives of this trial were to determine the pharmacokinetics of @entity783 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 on enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) and to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of @entity783 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 who were not receiving EIAEDs. Two dose cohorts were studied in the phase I component of the trial (13.3 and 17.7 mg/m(2)/d). @entity1 in the phase II component were treated with intravenous @entity783 at a dosage of 13.3 mg/m(2)/day on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Eight @entity1 were treated on the phase I component. A similar @entity783 pharmacokinetic profile was demonstrated between @entity1 receiving EIAEDs to those not receving EIAEDs. Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity463 were accrued to the phase II component. There was no objective radiographic response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 weeks and only 1 @entity1 had a PFS time >= 6 months (PFS6 = 3%). To date, 34 @entity1 (97%) have died, with a median survival duration of 34 weeks. Despite in vitro studies showing that @entity783 is primarily metabolized by @entity5322 , no decrease in exposure to @entity783 was seen in @entity1 receiving potent @entity5322 inducers. @entity783 , at its standard dose and schedule, was ineffective for @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 . ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00085540.

title: A phase I/II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor XXXX for adults with recurrent @entity11 : North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study 03-03.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity783 :: ('MESH:C087123', 'Chemical') :: ['romidepsin', 'Romidepsin']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity783 :: (MESH:C087123,Chemical) :: ['romidepsin']


abstract: @entity783 , a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, has shown activity in preclinical @entity11 models. The primary objectives of this trial were to determine the pharmacokinetics of @entity783 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 on enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) and to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of @entity783 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 who were not receiving EIAEDs. Two dose cohorts were studied in the phase I component of the trial (13.3 and 17.7 mg/m(2)/d). @entity1 in the phase II component were treated with intravenous @entity783 at a dosage of 13.3 mg/m(2)/day on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Eight @entity1 were treated on the phase I component. A similar @entity783 pharmacokinetic profile was demonstrated between @entity1 receiving EIAEDs to those not receving EIAEDs. Thirty-five @entity1 with @entity463 were accrued to the phase II component. There was no objective radiographic response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 weeks and only 1 @entity1 had a PFS time >= 6 months (PFS6 = 3%). To date, 34 @entity1 (97%) have died, with a median survival duration of 34 weeks. Despite in vitro studies showing that @entity783 is primarily metabolized by @entity5322 , no decrease in exposure to @entity783 was seen in @entity1 receiving potent @entity5322 inducers. @entity783 , at its standard dose and schedule, was ineffective for @entity1 with recurrent @entity463 . ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00085540.

title: A phase I/II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor @entity783 for adults with recurrent XXXX : North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study 03-03.

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: The close association between the @entity25146 @entity25146 (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and bacteria has been known for more than a century. Recently, the presence of a host-specific, hereditary, unculturable symbiotic bacterium, designated 'Candidatus Erwinia dacicola', has been described inside the cephalic organ of the @entity238 , called the oesophageal bulb. In the present study, the 16S rRNA gene sequence variability of 'Ca. E. dacicola' was examined within and between 26 Italian @entity25146 populations sampled across areas where olive trees occur in the wild and areas where cultivated olive trees have been introduced through history. The bacterial contents of the oesophageal bulbs of 314 olive flies were analysed and a minimum of 781 bp of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. The corresponding host @entity238 genotype was assessed by sequencing a 776 bp portion of the mitochondrial genome. Two 'Ca. E. dacicola' haplotypes were found (htA and htB), one being slightly more prevalent than the other (57%). The two haplotypes did not co-exist in the same individuals, as confirmed by cloning. Interestingly, the @entity25146 populations of the two main Italian islands, Sicily and Sardinia, appeared to be represented exclusively by the htB and htA haplotypes, respectively, while peninsular populations showed both bacterial haplotypes in different proportions. No significant correlation emerged between the two symbiont haplotypes and the 16 host @entity238 haplotypes observed, suggesting evidence for a mixed model of vertical and horizontal transmission of the symbiont during the @entity238 life cycle.

title: Evidence of two lineages of the symbiont 'Candidatus Erwinia dacicola' in Italian populations of XXXX (Rossi) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences.

entities_list: @entity25146 :: ('104688', 'Species') :: ['olive fly', 'Bactrocera oleae']

answer: @entity25146 :: (104688,Species) :: ['Bactrocera oleae']


abstract: The afsS gene of several @entity25068 species encodes a small sigma factor-like protein that acts as an activator of several pathway-specific regulatory genes (e.g., actII-ORF4 and redD in @entity25068 ). The two pleiotropic regulators AfsR and PhoP bind to overlapping sequences in the -35 region of the afsS promoter and control its expression. Using mutated afsS promoters containing specific point mutations in the AfsR and PhoP binding sequences, we proved that the overlapping recognition sequences for AfsR and PhoP are displaced by 1 @entity377 . Different @entity377 positions are important for binding of AfsR or PhoP, as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and by reporter studies using the luxAB gene coupled to the different promoters. Mutant promoter M5 (with a @entity377 change at position 5 of the consensus box) binds AfsR but not PhoP with high affinity (named "superAfsR"). Expression of the afsS gene from this promoter led to overproduction of actinorhodin. Mutant promoter M16 binds PhoP with extremely high affinity ("superPhoP"). Studies with /\afsR and /\phoP mutants (lacking AfsR and PhoP, respectively) showed that both global regulators are competitive transcriptional activators of afsS. AfsR has greater influence on expression of afsS than PhoP, as shown by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and promoter reporter (luciferase) studies. These two high-level regulators appear to integrate different nutritional signals (particularly @entity1391 limitation sensed by PhoR), @entity7726 , and other still unknown environmental signals (leading to AfsR phosphorylation) for the AfsS-mediated control of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.

title: Complex transcriptional control of the antibiotic regulator afsS in XXXX : PhoP and AfsR are overlapping, competitive activators.

entities_list: @entity25068 :: ('1902', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces coelicolor', 'Streptomyces']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity25068 :: (1902,Species) :: ['Streptomyces']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of frontalis suspension using 4-0 prolene sutures for paediatric ptosis with poor levator function. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on @entity1 who underwent 4-0 prolene frontalis suspension from 2000 to 2008 with a minimum of 6 months' follow-up. Functional success was defined when three criteria were met: (a) satisfactory lid height (defined as margin-to-reflex distance >= 3   mm with minimal frontalis muscle tone); (b) satisfactory lid symmetry ( <=2   mm asymmetry in margin-to-reflex distance); and (c) satisfactory cosmesis. Recurrence was defined by a drop in lid height of >= 3   mm from the initial post-operative level. RESULTS: A total of 23 @entity1 (30 eyelids) were included. The mean follow-up duration was 28.7 months (range 6.3 to 100 months). The functional success rate was 74% (17/23 @entity1 ). @entity1736 recurred in 22% (5/23) of @entity1 . Only one @entity1 (4%) developed a complication: a case of minor wound @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: In paediatric ptosis with poor levator function, prolene frontalis suspension has good efficacy and an excellent safety profile. The results of @entity7502 frontalis suspension are comparable to those of other non-autogenous materials.

title: XXXX frontalis suspension in paediatric ptosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['Prolene']


abstract: The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia is being investigated as a potential control agent in several important vector insect species. Recent studies have shown that Wolbachia can protect the insect host against a wide variety of pathogens, resulting in reduced transmission of parasites and viruses. It has been proposed that compromised vector competence of @entity281 insects is due to up-regulation of the host innate immune system or metabolic competition. Anopheles mosquitoes, which transmit @entity1 @entity311 parasites, have never been found to harbor Wolbachia in nature. While transient somatic infections can be established in Anopheles, no stable artificially-transinfected Anopheles line has been developed despite numerous attempts. However, cultured Anopheles cells can be stably infected with multiple Wolbachia strains such as wAlbB from @entity197 , wRi from @entity12137 and wMelPop from @entity238 . Infected cell lines provide an amenable system to investigate Wolbachia-Anopheles interactions in the absence of an infected mosquito strain. We used Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays to investigate the effect of wAlbB and wRi infection on the transcriptome of cultured Anopheles Sua5B cells, and for a subset of genes used quantitative PCR to validate results in somatically-infected Anopheles mosquitoes. @entity281 had a dramatic strain-specific effect on gene expression in this cell line, with almost 700 genes in total regulated representing a diverse array of functional classes. Very strikingly, infection resulted in a significant down-regulation of many immune, stress and detoxification-related transcripts. This is in stark contrast to the induction of immune genes observed in other insect hosts. We also identified genes that may be potentially involved in Wolbachia-induced reproductive and pathogenic phenotypes. Somatically-infected mosquitoes had similar responses to cultured cells. The data show that Wolbachia has a profound and unique effect on Anopheles gene expression in cultured cells, and has important implications for mechanistic understanding of Wolbachia-induced phenotypes and potential novel strategies to control @entity311 .

title: XXXX in Anopheles gambiae cells: transcriptomic characterization of a novel host-symbiont interaction.

entities_list: @entity12137 :: ('7240', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila simulans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Wolbachia infection', 'Wolbachia-infected']

entities_list: @entity197 :: ('7160', 'Species') :: ['Aedes albopictus']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Wolbachia infections']


abstract: The serum titration neutralization assay described in Chapter 33 utilizes a constant amount of infectious virus and indirectly estimates the antibody-mediated reduction in infectious virus by measuring @entity4453 antigen expressed by @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The assay assumes a direct relationship between expressed @entity4453 antigen and the number of target PBMC infected. Therefore, the optimal time of @entity4453 antigen measurement may vary due to different growth kinetics among viruses. An infectivity reduction assay (IRA) directly measures the effect of antibody on virus endpoint infectious titer. The IRA is more labor-intensive and requires more serum than the antibody titration assay, and it is generally done with a single dilution of antibody. However, it has the important advantage of directly measuring the effect of antibody on virus median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID(50)). In addition, the IRA is unaffected by variation in virus growth kinetics and therefore is theoretically more suitable for comparing neutralization among diverse virus isolates. The assay described below calculates virus TCID(50) by serially diluting virus stock in quadruplicate wells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMC. Wells are scored positive or negative for @entity2858 @entity281 by measuring expressed @entity4453 antigen after eight days in culture. Results are expressed as the antibody-mediated reduction in virus TCID(50) (i.e., ratio of virus TCID(50) in control sera to TCID(50) in test sera).

title: Neutralization of XXXX Infection of @entity1 Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) : Infectivity Reduction Method.

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: The serum titration neutralization assay described in Chapter 33 utilizes a constant amount of infectious virus and indirectly estimates the antibody-mediated reduction in infectious virus by measuring @entity4453 antigen expressed by @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The assay assumes a direct relationship between expressed @entity4453 antigen and the number of target PBMC infected. Therefore, the optimal time of @entity4453 antigen measurement may vary due to different growth kinetics among viruses. An infectivity reduction assay (IRA) directly measures the effect of antibody on virus endpoint infectious titer. The IRA is more labor-intensive and requires more serum than the antibody titration assay, and it is generally done with a single dilution of antibody. However, it has the important advantage of directly measuring the effect of antibody on virus median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID(50)). In addition, the IRA is unaffected by variation in virus growth kinetics and therefore is theoretically more suitable for comparing neutralization among diverse virus isolates. The assay described below calculates virus TCID(50) by serially diluting virus stock in quadruplicate wells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMC. Wells are scored positive or negative for @entity2858 @entity281 by measuring expressed @entity4453 antigen after eight days in culture. Results are expressed as the antibody-mediated reduction in virus TCID(50) (i.e., ratio of virus TCID(50) in control sera to TCID(50) in test sera).

title: Neutralization of @entity2858 Infection of XXXX Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) : Infectivity Reduction Method.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity9058 ( @entity9058 ), which occurs during the early period following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is often difficult to diagnose. It is characterized by severe clinical manifestations and high mortality. Despite current therapeutic approaches, outcomes remain poor. Here, we summarize the cases of two @entity1 who experienced engraftment failure and subsequently developed @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Both @entity1 had high-risk @entity1583 for which they underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) at our institution. Based on the presence of massive hemophagocytosis in their bone marrow specimens and the results of chimerism analysis, diagnosis of @entity8 was made in both cases. A single infusion of low-dose @entity2879 was administered immediately to each @entity1 . Four days after the injection, therapeutic efficacy was evaluated. As both cases showed an insufficient response to @entity2879 , we added @entity1891 and a medium dose of @entity617 . Clinical symptoms rapidly improved and stable engraftments were observed within a week. The first and second @entity1 were alive 1008 and 232  days after UCBT, respectively. The combined use of low-dose @entity2879 and @entity1891 plus @entity617 appears to be a promising treatment option for @entity8 , without serious adverse side effects.

title: Successful treatment with combined chemotherapy of two adult cases of XXXX in recipients of umbilical cord blood cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis', 'HSCT-HLH']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['HLH', 'Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity9058 :: (MESH:D051359,Disease) :: ['hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']


abstract: @entity14220 ( @entity14220 ), or the proportion of the breast with respect to its overall area that is composed of dense tissue, is a strong risk factor for @entity0 . Studies support a positive association of mammographic density and @entity167 drinking. This was a cross-sectional multicenter study based on 3584 @entity1 , aged 45-68 years, recruited from seven screening centers within the Spanish @entity0 screening program network. The association between @entity14220 , @entity167 consumption and @entity286 use was evaluated by using ordinal logistic models with random center-specific intercepts. We found a weak positive association between current @entity167 intake and higher @entity14220 , with current @entity167 consumption increasing the odds of high @entity14220 by 13% (OR = 1.13; 95% CI 0.99-1.28) and high daily grams of @entity167 being positively associated with increased @entity14220 (P for trend = 0.045). There were no statistically significant differences in @entity14220 between smokers and non-smokers. Nevertheless, increased number of daily cigarettes and increased number of accumulated lifetime cigarettes were negatively associated with high @entity14220 (P for trend 0.017 and 0.021). The effect of @entity167 on @entity14220 was modified by menopausal status and @entity286 smoking: whereas, @entity167 consumption and daily grams of @entity167 were positively associated with higher @entity14220 in postmenopausal @entity1 and in @entity1 who were not currently smoking, @entity167 consumption had no effect on @entity14220 in premenopausal @entity1 and current smokers. Our results support an association between recent @entity167 consumption and high @entity14220 , characterized by a modest increase in risk at low levels of current consumption and a decrease in risk among heavier drinkers. Our study also shows how the effects of @entity167 in the breast can be modified by other factors, such as smoking.

title: XXXX , @entity286 , and mammographic density: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity14220 :: ('MESH:C564595', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'Mammographic density']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: @entity14220 ( @entity14220 ), or the proportion of the breast with respect to its overall area that is composed of dense tissue, is a strong risk factor for @entity0 . Studies support a positive association of mammographic density and @entity167 drinking. This was a cross-sectional multicenter study based on 3584 @entity1 , aged 45-68 years, recruited from seven screening centers within the Spanish @entity0 screening program network. The association between @entity14220 , @entity167 consumption and @entity286 use was evaluated by using ordinal logistic models with random center-specific intercepts. We found a weak positive association between current @entity167 intake and higher @entity14220 , with current @entity167 consumption increasing the odds of high @entity14220 by 13% (OR = 1.13; 95% CI 0.99-1.28) and high daily grams of @entity167 being positively associated with increased @entity14220 (P for trend = 0.045). There were no statistically significant differences in @entity14220 between smokers and non-smokers. Nevertheless, increased number of daily cigarettes and increased number of accumulated lifetime cigarettes were negatively associated with high @entity14220 (P for trend 0.017 and 0.021). The effect of @entity167 on @entity14220 was modified by menopausal status and @entity286 smoking: whereas, @entity167 consumption and daily grams of @entity167 were positively associated with higher @entity14220 in postmenopausal @entity1 and in @entity1 who were not currently smoking, @entity167 consumption had no effect on @entity14220 in premenopausal @entity1 and current smokers. Our results support an association between recent @entity167 consumption and high @entity14220 , characterized by a modest increase in risk at low levels of current consumption and a decrease in risk among heavier drinkers. Our study also shows how the effects of @entity167 in the breast can be modified by other factors, such as smoking.

title: @entity167 , XXXX , and mammographic density: a population-based study.

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: In the @entity1 skin, various types of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) are present. In the epidermis, they are identified ultrastructurally as Langerhans cells (LC) by the presence of Birbeck granules. LC are considered to belong to the family of dendritic cells (DC) that are important for the initiation of immune responses (1). In the dermis, macrophages and DC are present (2,3). The expression of @entity4896 molecules can be used to identify DC in the skin (4,5), because macrophages do not express this marker. In vivo, these skin DC are supposed to take up antigens penetrating in the skin. Thereafter, they migrate via the afferent lymphatics into the draining lymph nodes, where a T-cell response can be initiated (6,7). During migration, the DC mature into potent @entity1358 . Besides an increase in MHC class II expression, adhesion (8,9) and B7 co-stimulatory molecules (10) are up-regulated. Most research on skin DC has been carried out with cells isolated from enzyme digested skin (8-10). In this chapter, we describe a method to obtain DC from @entity1 skin without enzymes, by making use of their migratory capacities. The cells migrate "spontaneously" out of the skin during culture. Characterization of the cells shows that mature DC are obtained with a marker expression not influenced by enzymes.

title: Isolation of XXXX skin dendritic cells by in vitro migration.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'antigen-presenting cells']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Many asthmatics take therapy intermittently because of their scarce compliance. It is not known if this is effective in controlling and slowing down the lung function decline in @entity565 . Our aim was to compare the effect of a regular treatment and an intermittent one on some clinical aspects and on the forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) decline in 165 persistent asthmatics with FEV1 > 70% (60 @entity1 ; age 40.87 +/- 14.05; FEV1 95.03 +/- 13.1%), in a retrospective way over 4 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-four @entity1 took inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) plus long-acting bronchodilator agents (LABAs) regularly (regular) and 81 @entity1 took ICSs plus LABAs intermittently for short periods when symptoms appeared (intermittent). RESULTS: Less @entity1 (p < 0.05) took oral @entity288 , short-acting bronchodilators as needed in regular compared to intermittent. More @entity1 increased the therapy (step-up) in intermittent (p < 0.01) More @entity1 reported a subjective improvement while fewer reported a worsening in regular (p < 0.05). After 4 years, the variation in maximal mid expiratory flow (FEF25-75) was lower in regular (-159.40 +/- 472.79 ml/sec; CI 95% -261.99, 56.82) than in intermittent (-324.44 +/- 569.97 ml/sec; CI 95% -450.48, -198.41); whereas the FEV1 decline was similar between regular (-276.97 +/- 199.37 ml; CI 95% -316.24, -229.71) and Intermittent (-317.65 +/- 194.05 ml; CI 95% -360.56, -274.74). In males and females, in smokers and non-smokers no differences were found in the FEV1 decline. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the regular use of ICSs plus LABAs is better than the irregular use of them in controlling @entity565 over a long period of time. Whereas, after 4 years the regular treatment may not decrease the FEV1 decline more effectively than the intermittent therapy.

title: A regular or an intermittent treatment for XXXX : the long-term effect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Notes is the logical answer to scarless surgery, but despite being around for almost 4-5 years, it has to still garner a major support because of a number of limitations. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery, especially when done through the umbilicus, should be the perfect answer as far as the absence of any visible scar is concerned. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the 67 @entity1 were operated by the same surgeon through a transversely placed umbilical incision in the lower half of the umbilicus. Three conventional ports, 10, 5, and 5    mm, were introduced through the same skin incision but separate transfacial punctures. The instruments included 10-mm and 5-mm 30   rigid telescopes and rigid instruments as in standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy. @entity1 with @entity547 and obstructed @entity547 were included, and those with strangulated @entity547 were excluded. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were @entity1 , with an average age of 38.6 years. Three @entity1 had @entity547 and 2 each had irreducible and obstructed @entity547 . The mean operating time was 42.8 minutes for unilateral hernias when tackers were used and 51.7 minutes in those in whom intracorporeal suturing was done. The operating time for @entity547 was 71.7 minutes. There was minimal flap discharge, without @entity281 , in 3 @entity1 . There were no other complications. There were no conversions and no recurrences upto 9 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Transumbilical single-skin-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair for groin hernias, performed solely with conventional instruments, is feasible, easy to learn, and probably the future of laparoscopic @entity169 .

title: Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal XXXX using only conventional instruments: an initial report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral hernia', 'hernia', 'irreducible hernia', 'bilateral hernias']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between @entity2524 , chewing habits, and food choices among older Nigerians. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered by an interviewer to 500 randomly selected Nigerians, aged 50 and above, drawn from households in Plateau State in the North Central part of Nigeria. Intake of fruits/vegetables, and hard food items such as nuts, roast @entity4336 and nontender meat, was assessed. The subjects were then examined clinically to chart their dentitions. RESULTS: The sample comprised of approximately equal numbers of @entity1 and @entity1 from predominantly rural and semi-urban communities. Those @entity1 who had more than 20 teeth selected fruits/vegetables more frequently than those with fewer teeth; in addition, they chewed hard foods more frequently. On the other hand, a larger proportion of @entity1 with 20 or fewer teeth indicated that they avoided certain food items because of their teeth/mouth conditions. One-way anova showed that the @entity1 who selected fruits/vegetables daily or weekly compared to occasionally or rarely had significantly more teeth on average. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, gender, income, and education showed that the number of remaining teeth was significantly associated with the selection of vegetables/fruits and other hard food items. CONCLUSION: @entity2524 affects selection of specific foods by older Nigerians in Plateau State and thus, could impact on the nutritional status of these individuals.

title: XXXX , chewing habits, and food choices among older Nigerians in Plateau State: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['Tooth loss', 'tooth loss']

answer: @entity2524 :: (MESH:D016388,Disease) :: ['Tooth loss']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a self-management programme among @entity571 knee sufferers. BACKGROUND: @entity571 of the knee is a major cause of loss of function and is common in the older @entity1 . A self-management programme is an effective way to increase @entity625 self-efficacy, and helps with mastering self-management practices. METHOD: This study was carried out from January 2008 to December 2008 and included 205 @entity1 , with 114 in the intervention group and 91 in the control group. The 4-week trial was followed by an 8-week follow-up assessment. The outcome measures included assessments of @entity625 self-efficacy, @entity158 beliefs, unplanned medical consultations, @entity158 days and disability days using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Friedman test. FINDINGS: At post-intervention, significant differences were found in @entity158 beliefs (P<0  001) and @entity158 days (P<0  004). At 8-week follow-up, there was a significant improvement in @entity625 self-efficacy: @entity158 and other symptoms subscales (P<0  001 and 0  049, respectively), @entity158 beliefs (P<0  001) and number of unplanned medical consultations (P<0  010). CONCLUSION: The study supports the hypothesis that a self-management programme enhances @entity625 -related self-efficacy and @entity158 beliefs. A decrease in the number of unplanned medical consultations, @entity158 days and disability days suggests that the programme might help reduce healthcare costs. This programme has introduced a significant result about self-efficacy and self-management to a chronic disease population in Taiwan. In short, there were great beneficial effects on self-management among @entity1 who are affected by @entity626 .

title: Effects of an XXXX self-management programme.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Few cases of @entity4008 during pregnancy have been reported in the literature, and the causative microorganisms and prognosis of @entity4008 during pregnancy are unclear. In a 6-year period we identified six cases of @entity4008 in pregnant @entity1 . All were multigravida and gestational age at presentation ranged from 5 to 39 weeks. Predisposing factors were present in five @entity1 and consisted of @entity2346 in four @entity1 . The causative organism was @entity328 in all @entity1 . Two @entity1 died, both due to florid @entity75 . Foetal outcome was good in five cases; one @entity1 had a miscarriage 3 weeks after the episode of @entity4008 . We reviewed the literature on @entity4008 during pregnancy and identified 42 cases of @entity4008 . Twenty-five of these @entity1 had @entity2506 and seven had @entity693 caused by @entity5125 . We found that @entity2506 during pregnancy can be rapidly fatal and is associated with @entity204 , especially in the first trimester. @entity5125 @entity693 was associated with a high rate of neonatal deaths.

title: XXXX in pregnancy: report of six cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock and brain herniation']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['foetal death']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['Bacterial meningitis']


abstract: The aims of this study were to clarify the distribution and spread pattern of metastatic nodes and to evaluate the importance of the number, ratio, and location of positive nodes in @entity420 . We analyzed the clinicopathologic data and survival of 52 @entity1 who received curative pancreatoduodenectomy for @entity420 between June 1994 and May 2009. Metastatic lymph nodes were found in 32 (61.5%) @entity1 . The median number of evaluated nodes and positive nodes were 26 (range 10-60) and two (range 1-15), respectively. The most commonly involved nodes were the posterior pancreaticoduodenal nodes (26 @entity1 ) followed by the anterior pancreaticoduodenal nodes (11 @entity1 ). No positive @entity99 were found. In univariate analysis, number of positive nodes, and their ratio and location were significantly associated with survival. Only the factor of three or more metastatic nodes had the independent power in predicting a poor outcome in multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). @entity420 first spreads to the posterior pancreaticoduodenal nodes and then the anterior nodes. The number of positive lymph nodes, rather than their ratio and location, independently affects survival after curative resection in @entity1 with @entity189 .

title: Pattern analysis of lymph node metastasis and the prognostic importance of number of metastatic nodes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoduodenal and common hepatic artery nodes']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary adenocarcinoma', 'Ampullary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary carcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['ampullary adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Recent advances in hepatobiliary imaging techniques have led to the increased detection of @entity292 . However, the diagnosis and treatment of @entity292 is still a challenge. In this study, we summarize how @entity1 were diagnosed and treated for @entity292 at our institution. Sixty-six @entity1 with @entity292 were diagnosed and treated in our department from January 2000 to June 2009. Sixty-one @entity1 were treated operatively, whereas five @entity1 were treated with medicine. @entity1 with @entity292 were confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Of the 61 @entity1 needing surgical intervention, clinical outcomes were excellent in 57 @entity1 , and five @entity1 underwent successful laparoscopic surgery for repairing the @entity292 . Follow-up of these @entity1 for 6 months to 10 years showed they did not suffer from further @entity255 . A @entity1 ' past history of @entity253 , upper @entity490 , @entity221 , and @entity1087 may lead to @entity292 . Operative therapy, including laparoscopic surgery, was the primary treatment for most @entity1 , regardless of the preoperative diagnosis.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['choledochoduodenal fistula']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary disease']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['choledochoduodenal fistula']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity2096 ( @entity2096 ) is a rare and @entity85 . The results and complications of surgical correction of this deformity using ring fixators (Ilizarov/ @entity2414 ) have been evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 30 @entity1 with @entity2096 , between the ages of 3.3 and 17 years (mean, 9.3 years), with 35 lengthening procedures. Ten cases were treated with an Ilizarov frame, 25 cases with a @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ). RESULTS: The average lengthening at femoral osteotomy was 44.3 mm. Nine @entity1 underwent an additional tibial lengthening by an average of 24.2 mm. The total lengthening was 50.5 mm (28-85 mm). A @entity174 after removal of the fixator occurred in 25.7% of the cases, and a pin-site infection with the subsequent need of operative revision was found in 8.5%. A subluxation of the knee joint was observed in 11.4% and a persistent limitation of the knee joint range of motion in 22.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Despite several complications, the use of ring fixators, especially the @entity2414 , is an effective method for treatment of this @entity85 . The complication rate was similar with the use of either ring fixator. Some complications can be decreased with experience. The risk of @entity3031 can be reduced by joint bridging and @entity174 after frame removal can be avoided by prophylactic rodding.

title: [Complications after femoral lengthening with ring fixators in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['TSF', 'Taylor Spatial Frame']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'Congenital femoral deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3031 :: ('MESH:D031221', 'Disease') :: ['knee dislocation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['complex deformity']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['congenital femoral deficiency']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to identify the genetic mutations in two families affected with @entity231 . Detailed family histories and clinical data of the family members were recorded. The family members with affected phenotypes were recruited, and candidate gene sequencing was performed to determine the disease  -causing mutation. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the function of the mutant gene. Green fluorescent protein  -tagged @entity1 wild  -type @entity11300 and @entity11305 were sub  -cloned, and the mutants were generated by site  -directed mutagenesis. A novel mutation, @entity72971 ( @entity72972 ), in @entity11300 and a known mutation, @entity72973 ( @entity29337 ), in @entity11305 were identified. These mutations co  -segregated with all affected individuals in each family and were not observed in the unaffected family members or in unrelated controls. The results of the bioinformatics analysis indicated that the @entity3689 at position 139 was highly conserved and that the @entity72972 mutation was predicted to be damaging, as with @entity29337 . Finally, overexpression of the two mutants revealed marked alterations, compared with the wild  -type proteins. These results extend the mutation spectrum of @entity11300 and provides further evidence that the @entity29337 mutation in @entity11305 is a hot-spot mutation.

title: Mutation analysis of two families with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cataracts']

entities_list: @entity29337 :: ('p|SUB|D|47|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.D47N']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['inherited congenital cataracts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity393 is a common sensory impairment experienced by older @entity1 . Evidence shows that the use of hearing aids and/or @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) can benefit those with a @entity393 but that historically the uptake and use of these technologies has remained relatively low compared with the number of @entity1 who report a @entity393 . PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, usage, and factors associated with the use of hearing aids and @entity1652 in an older representative Australian population. RESEARCH DESIGN: A population-based survey. STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 2956 @entity1 out of 3914 eligible @entity1 between the ages of 49 and 99 yr (mean age 67.4 yr), living in the Blue Mountains, west of Sydney, completed a hearing study conducted from 1997 to 2003. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Hearing levels were assessed using pure tone audiometry, and subjects were administered a comprehensive hearing survey by audiologists, which included questions about hearing aid and @entity8019 usage. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hearing aid and @entity8019 usage. RESULTS: Of the surveyed population, 33% had a @entity393 as measured in the better ear. 4.4% had used an @entity8019 in the past 12 mo, and 11% owned a hearing aid. Of current hearing aid owners, 24% never used their aids. @entity8019 and hearing aid usage were found to be associated with increasing age, @entity393 , and self-perceived @entity393 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that hearing aid ownership and @entity8019 usage remains low in the older population. Given the significant proportion of older @entity1 who self-report and have a measured @entity393 , it is possible that more could be helped through the increased use of hearing aid and/or @entity8019 technology. Greater efforts are needed to promote the benefits of these technologies and to support their use among older @entity1 with @entity393 .

title: Use of hearing AIDS and XXXX in an older Australian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disability', 'hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['ALDs', 'assistive listening devices']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['assistive listening devices']