abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether serum @entity414 , which is a marker of impaired oxidative metabolism, might correlate with @entity1002 in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). BACKGROUND: @entity414 levels, which are frequently elevated in @entity1 with @entity712 , correlate with leg vascular resistance. The effects of elevated levels of @entity414 on cardiac function in @entity1 with @entity712 have never been evaluated. METHODS: We studied 150 outpatients with @entity712 who came to our @entity712 clinic. @entity1 underwent a complete echo-Doppler examination, with measurement of mitral E wave and mitral A wave velocities, E/A ratio, E wave deceleration time (DtE), left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and @entity64 volume. A restrictive mitral filling pattern (RMFP) was defined as either @entity9400 <140 milliseconds. RESULTS: Mean age was 62.2 +/- 7.8 years (86% male); 24 @entity1 (16%) had an RMFP. @entity1 with an RMFP had significantly higher @entity414 levels compared with @entity1 without RMFP (0.48 +/- 0.14 mmol/L vs 0.38 +/- 0.08 mmol/L, respectively, P <.001). @entity414 levels correlated significantly with mitral E wave velocity (r =.22, P <.01), E/A ratio (r =.21, P <.05), DtE (r =.26, P <.01), and RMFP (P =.0001). There was no correlation between @entity414 and left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, or @entity64 volume. In a multivariate model, @entity414 predicted @entity52812 independently of renal function, diuretic dose, and left ventricular volumes. CONCLUSION: Elevated @entity414 levels are associated with @entity67 in @entity712 . Xanthine oxydase inhibition in @entity1 with @entity712 might theoretically result in an improvement of diastolic function.

title: Elevated serum @entity414 levels are associated with @entity67 in XXXX with dilated cardiomyopathy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 is a major health problem for prevalence, morbidity and costs; @entity712 management programs may prevent hospital admissions, improve clinical status and reduce medical costs. METHODS: A care program for @entity712 @entity1 was activated by the Cardiology Department, based on a nurse-monitored outpatient clinic, @entity5856 in cooperation with cardiologists, who were responsible for optimal pharmacological treatment. Nurses provided @entity1 education, monitoring of clinical status and symptoms and verified adherence to pharmacologic and dietary therapy. To assess the impact of the program on hospitalization rate, functional status and quality of life we compared: 1) hospital admission rate for @entity712 in the 6 months before and the 6 months after referral; 2) Minnesota Living with @entity712 Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score and NYHA functional class at referral time and after 6 months. A cost-based analysis was performed to compare the two periods. RESULTS: Between January 1999 and November 2000, 107 @entity1 were followed up for at least 6 months. Hospitalization declined by 70% (57 admissions in the 6 months before referral, 17 in the 6 months afterwards, p = 0.0001). Functional status improved after 6 months: 41 @entity1 were in NYHA class III-IV at referral time, 26 after 6 months. The mean total score of MLHFQ was reduced from 33.9 to 28.7 (p = 0.005). The average cost of the program was estimated to be [symbol: see text] 218 (Itl 423,000) per @entity1 in 6 months. The savings in overall cost of care was [symbol: see text] 615 (Itl 1,192,000) per @entity1 in 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: A management program based on a nurse-monitored outpatient clinic can reduce hospitalization rate, improve functional status and quality of life and decrease medical costs for @entity712 @entity1 's care.

title: [Impact of a nurse-based XXXX management program on hospitalization rate, functional status, quality of life, and medical costs].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'Chronic heart failure', 'Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by prostatic epithelial and/or neighboring stromal cells is considered to be a property that gives cells the capability to penetrate extracellular matrix barriers in normal or @entity5 . In order to examine the role of MMPs in the prostate, we evaluated the expression of @entity5379 and the @entity16617 in primary cultures of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells. These cells were isolated from normal tissues of the different zones of the prostate, from @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) and from @entity5 . Stromal cells, regardless of tissue of origin, secreted the 72-kDa proenzyme form of @entity1476 , whereas conditioned media (CM) from epithelial cells demonstrated little/no pro- @entity1476 as examined by zymography. Either type of cell did not secrete @entity1495 . RT-PCR evaluation showed stromal cells expressed transcripts for @entity1476 , but not for @entity1495 . Transcripts for @entity1495 were detected in epithelial cells, although no @entity1495 activity was detected in their CM. Treatment of stromal cells with 1 or 10 ng/ml of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) moderately increased secretion of pro- @entity1476 protein with little change in @entity1476 RNA. However, treatment of epithelial cells with @entity2533 induced expression and secretion of both @entity5379 . The effect of @entity2533 on expression of MMPs by epithelial cells was not duplicated or affected by treatment with @entity442 , @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), or @entity540 ( @entity540 ). Stromal cells expressed transcripts of both @entity16617 . Epithelial cells expressed @entity2843 , but little @entity1552 . @entity2533 did not regulate the expression of @entity2843 or -2 in either stromal or epithelial cells. Our results suggest that the elevated levels of @entity5379 observed in prostate development and @entity5 may be due to the elevated @entity2533 associated with these tissues.

title: Expression of XXXX , in primary cultures of human prostatic stromal and epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplastic growth']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity16617 :: ('7076;7077', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -2', 'TIMP-1 and -2']

answer: @entity5379 :: (4313;4318,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and -2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the longterm results of arthroscopic synovectomy in @entity102 of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Forty-one knees of 38 @entity1 (30 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ), mean age of 42.7 +/- 15.3 years, were evaluated clinically and radiographically at a mean 8.9 years (range 5.0-12.3) after arthroscopic synovectomy. Arthroscopic synovectomies were always performed with a shaver by the same physician after failure of at least one radioactive or chemical synovectomy. Radiographs were blindly read by 2 examiners. RESULTS: At the final evaluation, the clinical results ( @entity158 , recurrent effusion) were good in 29 cases (70.7%) and poor in 12 cases (knee arthroplasty was required in 11 cases). Radiographs highlighted significant progression of @entity16 (more than one Larsen score grade) in 16 knees (39.0%). No radiographically detectable change was observed in 12 cases (29.3%), and 11 knees (26.8%) had a change of only one Larsen score grade. There was a close correlation between the Larsen score at final examination and both Larsen score and arthroscopic score for cartilage damage at baseline. Only 4 knees (22%) with grade 0 or I on preoperative radiographs had significant progression of @entity16 , compared to 12 knees (57%) with Larsen scores of 2 or 3 at baseline. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that arthroscopic synovectomy is a useful alternative treatment for @entity102 in @entity309 after failure of radiation or chemosynovectomy, and that less severely damaged joints deteriorate less rapidly after synovectomy.

title: Treatment of XXXX with arthroscopic synovectomy: longterm results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic knee synovitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, range of motion']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic knee synovitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity6474 ( @entity6474 ) gene polymorphism is associated with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) susceptibility. @entity2533 is a multifunctional family of cytokines important in tissue repair, @entity32 and immunoregulation. @entity1252 is thought to be a T cell dependent @entity792 with T cell dysfunction. Due to its known suppressive effects on @entity1199 dependent T cell growth, @entity6474 is considered to be a candidate @entity1252 susceptibility gene. Furthermore, @entity1252 has been linked with a region to which the @entity6474 gene has been mapped. METHODS: Association studies were performed in 3 case-control populations, from Spain. @entity233 , and UK, using a @entity6474 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) 4 base pair (bp) insertion polymorphism. Genotyping was performed using fluorescent labeled polymerase chain reaction product sizing. Results. No significant differences were detected in @entity6474 5'-UTR polymorphism allele frequencies between @entity1252 @entity1 and matched controls in the 3 populations studied. CONCLUSION: The 4 bp insertion polymorphism within the @entity6474 gene does not appear to be associated with @entity1252 . However, this does not rule out the possible involvement of @entity6474 in the disease pathogenesis.

title: Transforming growth factor-12 polymorphism and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity6474 :: ('7042', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta2', 'transforming growth factor-beta2']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2347 is an uncommon @entity5 of salivary glands. The treatment of choice for these @entity5 is considered by some to be radical surgery, combined in many centres with postoperative radiotherapy. The goal of such treatment is local control and preservation of function. AIMS: The aim of the retrospective study was to analyse the results of surgery for @entity1 with @entity2347 treated at the Institute of Oncology in Gliwice during the period of 1970-1989. MATERIAL: The analysed group includes 47 @entity1 with @entity2347 . All @entity1 underwent macro- and microscopically proven radical resection of the @entity75 located in major or minor salivary glands. RESULTS: Five- and 10-year survival rate was 85% and 47%, respectively, and 5-year disease-free survival rate was 79%. As the group of @entity1 treated with surgery and radiotherapy was too small (nine cases), the results of combined treatment were not analysed. Local recurrence after surgery occurred in 21% of @entity1 in different time intervals (even as long as 10 years after completion of treatment). CONCLUSION: High risk of local recurrence after surgery suggests that postoperative radiotherapy should always be given. Late development of local recurrences suggests that follow-up should be for a minimum of 10 years.

title: Outcome of surgery for XXXX of head and neck region.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant epithelial tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'Adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: During the past 15 years many retrospective studies and prospective randomized trials have been published supporting the use of breast conserving treatment (BCT) including surgery and radiotherapy. However, there are still many controversies on the necessary amount of resection, the width of the resection margins and the optimal radiation technique, dose and volume, in particular of the boost. In this retrospective study a large cohort of 410 @entity1 with early @entity0 treated with BCT including an interstitial brachytherapy (BT) boost is evaluated after a long follow-up period. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to clarify the impact of the different treatment-related factors on local control, these were carefully discriminated, based on widely accepted classification and reporting systems for surgery as well as for radiotherapy. The surgical approach was classified according to EORTC criteria and a high rate of quadrantectomies (60%) was found. Dose and volume of interstitial BT is reported according to recommendations of ICRU 58, and reveals a significant radiation dose and volume: minimum target dose, @entity6220 ( @entity6220 ) and '85% of @entity6220 ' for low-dose rate (LDR) BT was mean 20, 28 and 24 Gy, for high-dose rate (HDR) BT it was mean '10, 15 and 13 Gy, respectively; the treated volume was 104 cc for LDR BT and 83 cc for HDR BT. RESULTS: The actuarial rates for overall survival, disease-free survival and disease-specific survival were 97, 90 and 98% at 5 years and 85, 79 and 92% at 10 years. There have been only 16 breast recurrences in 410 treated @entity1 resulting in a 5- and 10-year actuarial local recurrence rate of 2 and 3.9%, respectively; six recurrences (1.5%) were in the original quadrant. Except age and menopausal status, all @entity5 - and @entity1 -related risk factors had no significant impact on local control. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm that intensive BCT leads to excellent long-term results in terms of local control, masking classical risk factors. This high-dose and large-volume interstitial BT seems to be superior to classical BCT without BT.

title: Long-term results (10 years) of intensive breast conserving therapy including a high-dose and large-volume interstitial brachytherapy boost (LDR/HDR) for T1/T2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'mean central dose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Inhaled @entity2162 agonists are by far the most effective and safe bronchodilators currently available. They have not been surpassed by any other bronchodilating principle. The way to this position has been long and started with the first successful treatment of acute, severe @entity565 with s.c. injections of adrenaline 100 years ago. Over the years, synthetic congeners of adrenaline have been produced and tested for their pharmacological properties. During the first decades, little attention was given airway smooth muscle. The discovery of @entity3044 in 1940 was the first major step towards selective bronchodilation. This compound became a key tool for the classification of adrenoceptors into alpha and beta. Salbutamol and @entity4183 were the first to show a significant attenuation of the cardiostimulant effect and confirmed the subdivision of beta-adrenoceptors into @entity8652 and beta(2). Much effort was made to eliminate the next dose-limiting side effect, skeletal muscle @entity400 but in vain. Prolonged duration of action was achieved in three ways: with @entity32769 , an orally active @entity70928 prodrug of @entity4183 , @entity10453 , an inhaled @entity2162 agonist emerging from a purposeful research project, and @entity6410 which was found, accidentally, to have a long duration of action when inhaled. Throughout the 20th century, beta-adrenoceptor agonists have been developed and marketed as racemates. The pharmacological activity usually resides in the (R)-enantiomer. Despite claims for the opposite, there is so far no compelling evidence that the presence of the less active (S)-enantiomer is of any harm to the @entity1 . One hundred years of experience of structural modifications of @entity1425 has shown that the possibilities to modify the properties of this endogenous prototype appear to be unlimited.

title: Beta-adrenoceptor agonists and XXXX --100 years of development.

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity32769 :: ('MESH:C047766', 'Chemical') :: ['bambuterol']

entities_list: @entity70928 :: ('CHEBI:23003', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamate ester']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of @entity1353 induction with @entity2614 and @entity3810 followed by the same inhalational anesthetics for maintenance, we compared the technique with intravenous @entity1875 anesthesia. METHODS: Forty @entity1 scheduled for ophthalmic surgery under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) were assigned to two groups. Anesthesia was induced with @entity1353 of 5% @entity2614 and 67% @entity3810 in @entity26 (group S: n = 20) or intravenous injection of 1% @entity1875 at the rate of 1200 ml.h(-1) with spontaneous inhalation of 67% @entity3810 in @entity26 until the @entity1 lost consciousness or received @entity1875 up to 2 mg.kg(-1) (group P: n = 20). We attempted to insert an LMA when the @entity1 's jaw relaxation was adequate. We compared induction times, recovery times, occurrence of adverse events, and @entity1 satisfaction between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean time to insertion of the LMA was significantly shorter in group P (209 +/- 118 s) than in group S (302 +/- 102 s; P < 0.05). The recovery times did not differ significantly between the groups. There were no serious side effects during the induction and recovery period in either group. Significantly more @entity1 in group P than in group S wanted to have the same anesthetic method (90% vs 50%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multiple-deep-breath inhalation induction with 5% @entity2614 and 67% @entity3810 followed by the same inhalational anesthetics for maintenance was safely performed without serious adverse events. However, the induction time was shorter and @entity1 satisfaction was higher in @entity1875 group than in the inhalational group.

title: Multiple-deep-breath inhalation induction with 5% XXXX and 67% @entity3810 : comparison with intravenous injection of @entity1875 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['multiple-deep-breath inhalation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of @entity1353 induction with @entity2614 and @entity3810 followed by the same inhalational anesthetics for maintenance, we compared the technique with intravenous @entity1875 anesthesia. METHODS: Forty @entity1 scheduled for ophthalmic surgery under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) were assigned to two groups. Anesthesia was induced with @entity1353 of 5% @entity2614 and 67% @entity3810 in @entity26 (group S: n = 20) or intravenous injection of 1% @entity1875 at the rate of 1200 ml.h(-1) with spontaneous inhalation of 67% @entity3810 in @entity26 until the @entity1 lost consciousness or received @entity1875 up to 2 mg.kg(-1) (group P: n = 20). We attempted to insert an LMA when the @entity1 's jaw relaxation was adequate. We compared induction times, recovery times, occurrence of adverse events, and @entity1 satisfaction between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean time to insertion of the LMA was significantly shorter in group P (209 +/- 118 s) than in group S (302 +/- 102 s; P < 0.05). The recovery times did not differ significantly between the groups. There were no serious side effects during the induction and recovery period in either group. Significantly more @entity1 in group P than in group S wanted to have the same anesthetic method (90% vs 50%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multiple-deep-breath inhalation induction with 5% @entity2614 and 67% @entity3810 followed by the same inhalational anesthetics for maintenance was safely performed without serious adverse events. However, the induction time was shorter and @entity1 satisfaction was higher in @entity1875 group than in the inhalational group.

title: Multiple-deep-breath inhalation induction with 5% @entity2614 and 67% XXXX : comparison with intravenous injection of @entity1875 .

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of @entity1353 induction with @entity2614 and @entity3810 followed by the same inhalational anesthetics for maintenance, we compared the technique with intravenous @entity1875 anesthesia. METHODS: Forty @entity1 scheduled for ophthalmic surgery under general anesthesia with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) were assigned to two groups. Anesthesia was induced with @entity1353 of 5% @entity2614 and 67% @entity3810 in @entity26 (group S: n = 20) or intravenous injection of 1% @entity1875 at the rate of 1200 ml.h(-1) with spontaneous inhalation of 67% @entity3810 in @entity26 until the @entity1 lost consciousness or received @entity1875 up to 2 mg.kg(-1) (group P: n = 20). We attempted to insert an LMA when the @entity1 's jaw relaxation was adequate. We compared induction times, recovery times, occurrence of adverse events, and @entity1 satisfaction between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean time to insertion of the LMA was significantly shorter in group P (209 +/- 118 s) than in group S (302 +/- 102 s; P < 0.05). The recovery times did not differ significantly between the groups. There were no serious side effects during the induction and recovery period in either group. Significantly more @entity1 in group P than in group S wanted to have the same anesthetic method (90% vs 50%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Multiple-deep-breath inhalation induction with 5% @entity2614 and 67% @entity3810 followed by the same inhalational anesthetics for maintenance was safely performed without serious adverse events. However, the induction time was shorter and @entity1 satisfaction was higher in @entity1875 group than in the inhalational group.

title: Multiple-deep-breath inhalation induction with 5% @entity2614 and 67% @entity3810 : comparison with intravenous injection of XXXX .

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: A major problem with implantable sensors is their short in vivo lifetime, due to strong tissue reactions (i.e., @entity32 and @entity82 ) caused by the implant and the failure of sensor components. The tissue reactions to the sensor, the biocompatibility of components, and the function of the sensor must be evaluated by using in vivo models. Current methods of in vivo biosensor testing are time- and labor- intensive and expensive. In addition, the results often vary on the basis of the surgical skills of the investigator. The in ova chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the developing @entity1573 embryo was previously developed in our laboratory as a novel in vivo system to test biomaterials. In this new article, we describe a novel approach for testing biosensors in vivo using the ex ova CAM model as an alternative to the traditional @entity1 models. Fertilized @entity1573 eggs were incubated for 3 days in ova and then transferred into a petri dish (ex ova) for further incubation at 37 degrees C and 80% humidity. After 1 week of incubation, @entity1443 biosensors, used as model sensors, were placed on top of the CAM and allowed to incorporate for 1 week. Biosensors were then tested for their sensitivity to @entity1443 . CAM venules were injected with 0.2 mL of a 3.6 mM @entity1443 solution. The current produced by the sensor reflected the change in blood @entity1443 levels. Sensors were also assessed by using gross and histological evaluations. We previously reported on the similarity of the tissue response of the CAM with the @entity1 models. The low cost, simplicity, and possibility to continuously visualize the sensor test site through a cell culture dish make this animal model particularly attractive for the rapid in vivo screening of biosensors.

title: Ex ova XXXX chorioallantoic membrane as a novel in vivo model for testing biosensors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) is an antineoplastic agent that has been shown to decrease scar tissue after ophthalmologic surgery. Our goal was to determine whether the application of @entity1139 at the conclusion of sinus surgery decreases the incidence of @entity86 formation. METHODS: At the completion of endoscopic sinus surgery in 55 @entity1 , a @entity2708 pledget saturated with 1 mL of 0.4 mg/mL @entity1139 was placed for 4 minutes in the right or left middle meatus and a similar saline-soaked pledget was placed on the opposite side. @entity1 were examined postoperatively by a masked observer for the presence of @entity5862 and mucosal changes. RESULTS: Postoperative adhesions were observed in 16 @entity1 (29%) with a mean follow-up of 4.1 months. These adhesions were bilateral in 6 @entity1 (10.9%) and unilateral in 10 @entity1 (18%). Unilateral adhesions were observed on only 2 sides (3.6%) treated with @entity1139 and 8 controls (14.5%) (P = 0.058). No adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1139 was found to be safe to use during sinus surgery, and it may reduce the incidence of postoperative adhesions at the dosage used in this study. SIGNIFICANCE: Because of the observed trend toward decreased @entity5862 formation with @entity1139 application, further trials using higher concentrations and application times are warranted.

title: XXXX for the prevention of adhesion formation after endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative adhesion']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ['synechiae']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['Mitomycin C']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that prolongation of the QRS duration (>120 ms) is an independent risk factor for mortality in @entity1 with @entity296 . The purpose of this study was to examine the association between QRS duration and survival in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis to examine the association between QRS prolongation (> or =120 ms) and mortality. The study population included 669 @entity1 with @entity712 . Two groups, on the basis of baseline QRS duration <120 milliseconds or > or =120 milliseconds, were identified. The groups were compared with respect to total mortality and @entity944 . Subgroups were also stratified by @entity714 and @entity714 , ejection fraction (EF) <30% and > or =30% to 40%, @entity63 and @entity296 , @entity2643 and placebo. RESULTS: Prolonged QRS was associated with a significant increase in mortality (49.3% vs 34.0%, P =.0001) and @entity944 (24.8% vs 17.4%, P =.0004). @entity714 was associated with worse survival (P =.006) but not @entity944 . In @entity1 with an EF <30%, QRS prolongation continued to be associated with a significant increase in mortality (51.6% vs 41.1%, P =.01) and @entity944 (28.8% vs 21.1%, P =.02). In those with an EF of 30% to 40%, QRS prolongation was associated with a significant increase in mortality (42.7% vs 23.3%, P =.0036) but not in @entity944 (13.3% vs 12.0%, P =.625). After adjustment for baseline variables, independent predictors of mortality were found to be prolongation of QRS (P =.0028, risk ratio 1.46) and depressed EF (P =.0001, risk ratio 0.965). Age, type of @entity296 , and drug treatment group were not predictive of mortality. CONCLUSION: QRS prolongation is an independent predictor of both increased total mortality and @entity944 in @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: QRS duration and mortality in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'nonischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block', 'left bundle branch block', 'Left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that prolongation of the QRS duration (>120 ms) is an independent risk factor for mortality in @entity1 with @entity296 . The purpose of this study was to examine the association between QRS duration and survival in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis to examine the association between QRS prolongation (> or =120 ms) and mortality. The study population included 669 @entity1 with @entity712 . Two groups, on the basis of baseline QRS duration <120 milliseconds or > or =120 milliseconds, were identified. The groups were compared with respect to total mortality and @entity944 . Subgroups were also stratified by @entity714 and @entity714 , ejection fraction (EF) <30% and > or =30% to 40%, @entity63 and @entity296 , @entity2643 and placebo. RESULTS: Prolonged QRS was associated with a significant increase in mortality (49.3% vs 34.0%, P =.0001) and @entity944 (24.8% vs 17.4%, P =.0004). @entity714 was associated with worse survival (P =.006) but not @entity944 . In @entity1 with an EF <30%, QRS prolongation continued to be associated with a significant increase in mortality (51.6% vs 41.1%, P =.01) and @entity944 (28.8% vs 21.1%, P =.02). In those with an EF of 30% to 40%, QRS prolongation was associated with a significant increase in mortality (42.7% vs 23.3%, P =.0036) but not in @entity944 (13.3% vs 12.0%, P =.625). After adjustment for baseline variables, independent predictors of mortality were found to be prolongation of QRS (P =.0028, risk ratio 1.46) and depressed EF (P =.0001, risk ratio 0.965). Age, type of @entity296 , and drug treatment group were not predictive of mortality. CONCLUSION: QRS prolongation is an independent predictor of both increased total mortality and @entity944 in @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: QRS duration and mortality in XXXX with @entity712 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity5472 is an extremely rare @entity4801 in which the larvae of incomplete differentiated sparganum proliferate in the @entity1 bone. We present the first case of @entity5472 arising in the long bone. The @entity1 was a 51-year-old @entity1 who complained of a slow growing painful mass on his right leg. The radiographic findings showed an infiltrative @entity690 with speckled calcification at the proximal tibia the clinical diagnosis of which favored @entity511 . Incisional biopsy revealed an innumerable number of small globular shapes, whitish parasites. Histologically, the parasites were composed of a few layers of smooth muscle and several calcerous bodies that were enclosed within a single row of tegumental cells. The latter exhibited a wavy appearance and coated with microvilli. These morphologic findings confirmed the nature of these maldifferentiated larvae. The @entity1 was treated by partial resection of the lesion. This should remind clinicians that @entity281 of the bone can produce a @entity5 -like lesion.

title: XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity5472 :: ('MESH:D013031', 'Disease') :: ['intraosseous proliferative sparganosis', 'Intraosseous proliferative sparganosis']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

answer: @entity5472 :: (MESH:D013031,Disease) :: ['Intraosseous proliferative sparganosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to characterize long-term progression-free survivors (LTPFS) of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) following @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and to assess the influence of chemotherapy dose in order to identify @entity1 who derive major benefit from this approach. @entity1 AND METHODS: We compared @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics of 16 LTPFS with the characteristics of 118 @entity0 @entity1 who received @entity2101 with ASCT at our institution between 1992 and 2000. To estimate the cumulative dose of chemotherapy received, the summation dose intensity product (SDIP) of the different chemotherapy regimens was calculated as recently described by Hryniuk et al. The SDIP of the induction regimens was added to that of the @entity2101 regimens to yield the total SDIP of the chemotherapy received. Multivariate analysis was performed to describe the influence of the total SDIP and other prognostic factors on progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: LTPFS were mostly < or = 50 years of age and had limited, chemotherapy-sensitive, hormone-responsive @entity0 . Due to an apparent dose-survival relationship, an increase by 10 units (U) in the SDIP increased the PFS time by 3 months. Independent predictors of an improved PFS were positive @entity172 receptors (P = 0.001), positive combined hormone receptors (P = 0.020), and a complete remission/no evidence of disease status after @entity2101 (P < 0.001). In @entity1 who had a disease-free interval (DFI) >24 months after primary surgery, an SDIP of >55 U was independently associated with a longer PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.73; 95% confidence interval 1.29-5.81; P = 0.009]. CONCLUSION: @entity2101 can achieve long-term PFS in young @entity0 @entity1 with limited, hormone-responsive and chemotherapy-sensitive disease. After a DFI >24 months, a longer PFS is associated with a higher chemotherapy dose as measured by SDIP. These retrospective analyses suggest SDIP might be a tool for studying cumulative dose as a determinant of outcome of @entity0 chemotherapy. Thus far, however, we cannot clearly identify any subgroup of @entity0 @entity1 in whom @entity2101 with ASCT is of particular benefit.

title: Characteristics associated with long-term progression-free survival following @entity2101 in XXXX and influence of chemotherapy dose.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high-dose chemotherapy', 'HDCT']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['metastatic breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to characterize long-term progression-free survivors (LTPFS) of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) following @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and to assess the influence of chemotherapy dose in order to identify @entity1 who derive major benefit from this approach. @entity1 AND METHODS: We compared @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics of 16 LTPFS with the characteristics of 118 @entity0 @entity1 who received @entity2101 with ASCT at our institution between 1992 and 2000. To estimate the cumulative dose of chemotherapy received, the summation dose intensity product (SDIP) of the different chemotherapy regimens was calculated as recently described by Hryniuk et al. The SDIP of the induction regimens was added to that of the @entity2101 regimens to yield the total SDIP of the chemotherapy received. Multivariate analysis was performed to describe the influence of the total SDIP and other prognostic factors on progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: LTPFS were mostly < or = 50 years of age and had limited, chemotherapy-sensitive, hormone-responsive @entity0 . Due to an apparent dose-survival relationship, an increase by 10 units (U) in the SDIP increased the PFS time by 3 months. Independent predictors of an improved PFS were positive @entity172 receptors (P = 0.001), positive combined hormone receptors (P = 0.020), and a complete remission/no evidence of disease status after @entity2101 (P < 0.001). In @entity1 who had a disease-free interval (DFI) >24 months after primary surgery, an SDIP of >55 U was independently associated with a longer PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.73; 95% confidence interval 1.29-5.81; P = 0.009]. CONCLUSION: @entity2101 can achieve long-term PFS in young @entity0 @entity1 with limited, hormone-responsive and chemotherapy-sensitive disease. After a DFI >24 months, a longer PFS is associated with a higher chemotherapy dose as measured by SDIP. These retrospective analyses suggest SDIP might be a tool for studying cumulative dose as a determinant of outcome of @entity0 chemotherapy. Thus far, however, we cannot clearly identify any subgroup of @entity0 @entity1 in whom @entity2101 with ASCT is of particular benefit.

title: Characteristics associated with long-term progression-free survival following XXXX in @entity0 and influence of chemotherapy dose.

answer: @entity2101 :: (MESH:C538394,Disease) :: ['high-dose chemotherapy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 is frequent and severe in @entity1 with @entity454 . @entity209 may contribute by promoting @entity65 . METHODS: We conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing sevelamer, a non-absorbed polymer, with @entity460 -based @entity1391 binders in 200 hemodialysis @entity1 . Study outcomes included the targeted concentrations of serum @entity3151 , @entity460 , and intact @entity461 ( @entity461 ), and @entity730 of the coronary arteries and thoracic aorta using a @entity730 score derived from electron beam tomography. RESULTS: Sevelamer and @entity460 provided equivalent control of serum @entity3151 (end-of-study values 5.1 +/- 1.2 and 5.1 +/- 1.4 mg/dL, respectively, P = 0.33). Serum @entity460 concentration was significantly higher in the @entity460 -treated group (P = 0.002), and @entity2741 was more common (16% vs. 5% with sevelamer, P = 0.04). More subjects in the @entity460 group had end-of-study intact @entity461 below the target of 150 to 300 pg/mL (57% vs. 30%, P = 0.001). At study completion, the median absolute @entity460 score in the coronary arteries and aorta increased significantly in the @entity460 treated subjects but not in the sevelamer-treated subjects (coronary arteries 36.6 vs. 0, P = 0.03 and aorta 75.1 vs. 0, P = 0.01, respectively). The median percent change in coronary artery (25% vs. 6%, P = 0.02) and aortic (28% vs. 5%, P = 0.02) @entity460 score also was significantly greater with @entity460 than with sevelamer. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with @entity460 -based @entity1391 binders, sevelamer is less likely to cause @entity2741 , low levels of @entity461 , and progressive coronary and aortic @entity730 in hemodialysis @entity1 .

title: Sevelamer attenuates the progression of coronary and aortic XXXX in hemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Disorders of mineral metabolism']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 is frequent and severe in @entity1 with @entity454 . @entity209 may contribute by promoting @entity65 . METHODS: We conducted a randomized clinical trial comparing sevelamer, a non-absorbed polymer, with @entity460 -based @entity1391 binders in 200 hemodialysis @entity1 . Study outcomes included the targeted concentrations of serum @entity3151 , @entity460 , and intact @entity461 ( @entity461 ), and @entity730 of the coronary arteries and thoracic aorta using a @entity730 score derived from electron beam tomography. RESULTS: Sevelamer and @entity460 provided equivalent control of serum @entity3151 (end-of-study values 5.1 +/- 1.2 and 5.1 +/- 1.4 mg/dL, respectively, P = 0.33). Serum @entity460 concentration was significantly higher in the @entity460 -treated group (P = 0.002), and @entity2741 was more common (16% vs. 5% with sevelamer, P = 0.04). More subjects in the @entity460 group had end-of-study intact @entity461 below the target of 150 to 300 pg/mL (57% vs. 30%, P = 0.001). At study completion, the median absolute @entity460 score in the coronary arteries and aorta increased significantly in the @entity460 treated subjects but not in the sevelamer-treated subjects (coronary arteries 36.6 vs. 0, P = 0.03 and aorta 75.1 vs. 0, P = 0.01, respectively). The median percent change in coronary artery (25% vs. 6%, P = 0.02) and aortic (28% vs. 5%, P = 0.02) @entity460 score also was significantly greater with @entity460 than with sevelamer. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with @entity460 -based @entity1391 binders, sevelamer is less likely to cause @entity2741 , low levels of @entity461 , and progressive coronary and aortic @entity730 in hemodialysis @entity1 .

title: Sevelamer attenuates the progression of coronary and aortic @entity730 in hemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 ( @entity189 ), or sclerosing sweat duct @entity5 , is an uncommon, locally aggressive @entity5 . It typically involves the upper lip or face of middle-aged adults and rarely involves the scalp. It is characterized histologically by both pilar and eccrine differentiation and is associated with frequent perineural invasion. @entity189 is frequently misdiagnosed because of its bland and asymptomatic clinical presentation. In addition, its defining histologic features may be missed with a superficial biopsy. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of @entity189 in the scalp treated with Mohs surgery. We describe a case with extensive pilar differentiation and clear cell changes. In addition, the clinical and histologic characteristics of this rare @entity5 are reviewed. METHODS: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) was performed on this @entity5 . RESULTS: The @entity5 was successfully excised in one surgery (five stages) and is without evidence of recurrence at 18 months. CONCLUSION: We present a case of @entity189 of the scalp in a 64-year-old white @entity1 treated successfully with @entity10843 .

title: @entity189 ( XXXX ) of the scalp with extensive pilar differentiation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['MAC', 'Microcystic adnexal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['MAC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 ( @entity189 ), or sclerosing sweat duct @entity5 , is an uncommon, locally aggressive @entity5 . It typically involves the upper lip or face of middle-aged adults and rarely involves the scalp. It is characterized histologically by both pilar and eccrine differentiation and is associated with frequent perineural invasion. @entity189 is frequently misdiagnosed because of its bland and asymptomatic clinical presentation. In addition, its defining histologic features may be missed with a superficial biopsy. OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of @entity189 in the scalp treated with Mohs surgery. We describe a case with extensive pilar differentiation and clear cell changes. In addition, the clinical and histologic characteristics of this rare @entity5 are reviewed. METHODS: Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) was performed on this @entity5 . RESULTS: The @entity5 was successfully excised in one surgery (five stages) and is without evidence of recurrence at 18 months. CONCLUSION: We present a case of @entity189 of the scalp in a 64-year-old white @entity1 treated successfully with @entity10843 .

title: XXXX ( @entity189 ) of the scalp with extensive pilar differentiation.

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Microcystic adnexal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in a prospective study, the accuracy of predicting the presence or absence of unilateral or bilateral impalpable testes from a clinical examination, particularly whether the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) is hypertrophied. @entity1 AND METHODS: Whether the @entity717 were palpable, and the size of the @entity717 , were determined before surgery in a series of @entity1 , and compared with age-matched controls. Between 1992 and 2000, 100 impalpable testes in 86 consecutive @entity1 (mean age at orchidopexy 45 months, range 6-223; 66% <36 months) were evaluated and treated. In addition to the presence or absence of palpable @entity717 , the size of the @entity717 , when present, and the intraoperative findings were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the probability of the presence or absence of the @entity1062 , as determined by the preoperative clinical findings alone. RESULTS: Of the 86 testes that were located at surgery, 50 (58%) were intracanalicular, 28 (32%) intra-abdominal and the remainder (10%) were in the superficial inguinal pouch. Of 13 @entity1 with the ' @entity1062 ', the @entity3202 testicle was intracanalicular in nine, in the upper scrotum in three and intra-abdominal in only one. All viable testes were successfully relocated in the scrotum, with one @entity3202 after surgery. The positive predictive value ( @entity2286 , with 95% confidence interval) of a @entity1062 being present when the ipsilateral appendages were palpable and the @entity717 was not hypertrophied was 0.93 (0.83-0.97). Conversely, the @entity2286 of the impalpable @entity1062 being absent when the appendages were impalpable and the @entity717 was hypertrophied was 0.95 (0.64-0.99). CONCLUSION: When evaluating and surgically treating impalpable testes, the presence of palpable @entity717 and a @entity717 with no @entity1184 is associated with a 93% likelihood of discovering a @entity1062 that can be successfully relocated to the scrotum. Conversely, when the @entity717 cannot be palpated and the @entity717 is hypertrophied, there is a 96% probability that the impalpable @entity1062 is absent ( @entity1062 ). This readily available information may be valuable in preoperative counselling and planning.

title: The presence or absence of an impalpable XXXX can be predicted from clinical observations alone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['testis', 'vanishing testis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral scrotal appendages', 'CDT', 'contralateral descended testis']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: Muscle denervation is common in various @entity4094 and after @entity130 . It induces skeletal @entity2057 . Only muscle reinnervation leads to functional recovery. In previous studies, denervated adult @entity35 muscles were rescued by transplantation of embryonic day 14-15 (E14-15) ventral spinal cord cells into a nearby peripheral nerve. In the present study, changes were made in the environment into which the cells were placed to test whether reinnervation was improved by: 1) prior @entity528 , induced by sciatic nerve transection 1 week before cell transplantation; 2) transplantation of 1 million versus 5 million cells; 3) addition of @entity2137 ( @entity2137 ) to the transplant. Ten weeks after cell transplantation, axons had grown from all of the transplants. The numbers of myelinated axons that regenerated into the tibial, medial (MG), and @entity5251 ( @entity5251 ) nerves were similar across treatments. The mean diameters of large @entity5251 axons (>6 microm) were significantly larger with @entity528 before transplantation. The mean diameters of MG and @entity5251 axons were significantly larger with transplantation of 1 million versus 5 million cells. @entity575 -stained experimental and control lateral gastronemius (LG) muscles showed axons that terminated at motor end plates. Nodal and terminal sprouts were more common in reinnervated muscles (45-63% of all end plates) than in control muscles (10%). Electrical stimulation of the transplants induced weak contractions in 39 of 47 MG muscles (83%) and 33 of 46 LG muscles (72%) but at higher voltages than needed to excite control muscles. The threshold for MG contraction was lower with transplantation of 1 million cells, while LG thresholds were lower without @entity2137 . The cross-sectional area of whole LG muscles was significantly larger with cell transplantation (immediate or delayed) than with media alone, but all of these muscle areas were reduced significantly compared with control muscle areas. These data suggest that delayed transplantation of fewer cells without @entity2137 assists regeneration of larger diameter axons and prevents some @entity2057 .

title: Muscle reinnervation with delayed or immediate transplant of embryonic ventral spinal cord cells into adult XXXX peripheral nerve.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['LGS', 'lateral gastrocnemius-soleus']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['nerve degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Multipotential stem cells are an attractive choice for cell therapy after @entity131 ( @entity131 ), as replacement of multiple cell types may be required for functional recovery. In the present study, neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from the germinal zone of E14.5 GFP-expressing @entity19 brains were cultured as neurospheres in @entity10245 -enhanced medium. When @entity10245 was removed in vitro, NSCs expressed phenotypic markers for neurons. astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes and exhibited @entity146 in the presence of adsorbed fibronectin (FN). NSCs (10(5) cells) were transplanted into @entity19 brains 1 week after a unilateral, controlled, @entity131 (depth = 1 mm, velocity = 6 m/s, duration = 150 ms) (n = 19). NSCs were injected either directly into the @entity130 with or without an injectable FN-based scaffold [collagen I (CnI)/FN gel; n = 14] or into the striatum below the @entity130 (n = 5). At all time points examined (1 week to 3 months posttransplant), GFP+ cells were confined to the ipsilateral host brain tissue. At 1 week, cells injected into the @entity130 lined the injury penumbra while cells inserted directly into the striatum remained in or around the needle track. Striatal transplants had a lower number of surviving GFP+ cells relative to cavity injections at the 1 week time point (p < 0.01). At the longer survival times (3 weeks-3 months), 63-76% of transplanted cells migrated into the fimbria hippocampus regardless of injection site, perhaps due to cues from the degenerating hippocampus. Furthermore, cells injected into the cavity within a FN-containing matrix showed increased survival and migration at 3 weeks (p < 0.05 for both) relative to injections of cells alone. These results suggest that @entity10245 -responsive NSCs present a promising approach for cellular therapy following trauma and that the transplant location and environment may play an important role in graft survival and integration.

title: Fibronectin promotes survival and migration of primary neural stem cells transplanted into the traumatically injured XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury', 'cortical contusion']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['migratory behavior']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury cavity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In acute @entity565 inhaled beta-agonists are often administered to relieve @entity5143 by wet nebulisation, but some have argued that metered-dose inhalers with a holding chamber (spacer) can be equally effective. In the community setting nebulisers are more expensive, require a power source and need regular maintenance. OBJECTIVES: There is controversy as to whether wet nebulisers are better than metered dose inhalers with holding chambers to deliver @entity2263 -agonist medications for acute @entity565 . Comparisons of hospital and home use are also of interest. The objective of this review was to assess the effects of holding chambers compared to nebulisers for the delivery of @entity2263 -agonists for acute @entity565 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group trials register and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials in adults and @entity1 (from two years of age) with @entity565 , where holding chamber @entity2263 -agonist delivery was compared with wet nebulisation. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently applied study inclusion criteria (one reviewer for the first version of the review), extracted the data and assessed trial quality. Missing data were obtained from the authors or estimated. MAIN RESULTS: This review has been updated in 2001 to include 4 new trials and has now analysed 880 @entity1 and 444 adults included in 21 trials. Method of delivery of @entity2263 -agonist did not appear to affect hospital admission rates. In adults, the relative risk of admission for holding chamber versus nebuliser was 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.56 to 1.38). The relative risk for @entity1 was 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.4 to 1.06). One study in @entity1 found a significantly shorter length of stay in the emergency department when the holding chamber was used, with a weighted mean difference of -0.62 hours, 95% confidence interval -0.84 to -0.40 hours. Adults' length of stay in the emergency department was similar for the two delivery methods. Peak flow and forced expiratory volume were also similar for the two delivery methods. Pulse rate was lower for holding chamber in @entity1 , weighted mean difference -7.8% baseline (95% confidence interval -10.2 to -5.3). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Metered-dose inhalers with holding chamber produced outcomes that were at least equivalent to nebuliser delivery. Holding chambers may have some advantages compared to nebulisers for @entity1 with acute @entity565 .

title: Holding chambers versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the pattern of lymphatic @entity3 found by combined thoracoscopic (TS) and laparoscopic (LS) lymph node staging in @entity418 , and ascertain whether clinicopathologic factors may be used to guide the clinical practice of combined TS and LS staging. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in a series of 76 @entity418 @entity1 who had undergone both TS and LS staging before treatment. The correlation of TS and @entity1600 with clinicopathologic factors was analyzed, including the clinical T stage, clinical N stage, @entity5 location, and histology. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 (40.8%) were found to have lymphatic metastasis by TS and LS staging. Among them, 22 @entity1 had abdominal lymph node @entity3 , 7 @entity1 had mediastinal lymph node @entity3 , and 2 @entity1 had both. @entity1 with @entity1442 stage (T3 to T4) or @entity420 had a higher frequency of abdominal lymphatic @entity3 than @entity1 with early T stage (T1 to T2) (39% vs 16%; p = 0.04) or @entity957 (39% vs 20%; p = 0.079), respectively. @entity1 with clinical abdominal N1 stage had a higher incidence of positive laparoscopic finding than @entity1 with clinical abdominal N0 stage (67% vs 23%; p = 0.001). There was no significant correlation between lymphatic @entity3 and the location of the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Clinicopathologic factors, including the histologic type, the clinical T stage, and abdominal N stage, may affect the outcome of TS and LS lymph node staging in @entity418 @entity1 . This clinicopathologic impact may play a role for the selection of candidates for TS and LS staging, and also allows surgeons to focus their attention on the most likely high-yield biopsy targets.

title: Thoracoscopic and laparoscopic lymph node staging in XXXX : do clinicopathological factors affect the outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LS lymph node metastases']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced T']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A-Type and B-type natriuretic peptides are cardiac hormones whose circulating levels reflect the severity of @entity712 . It is not known how plasma levels of these hormones respond to changes in cardiac function that occur as a result of treatment with @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors. METHODS: @entity4688 was administered at 5 mg/d for 3 months in 24 @entity1 with @entity712 , and for the next 3 months at 15 mg/d in the high-dose group (n = 12) and 5 mg/d in the low-dose group (n = 12). We measured plasma levels of A-type or B-type natriuretic peptides, as well as conventional measures of cardiac function, such as the cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and percent fractional shortening. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) plasma levels of both hormones decreased promptly after 2 weeks of therapy (A-type natriuretic peptide: 140 +/- 107 pg/mL to 81 +/- 68 pg/mL, P = 0.01; B-type natriuretic peptide: 305 +/- 278 pg/mL to 190 +/- 178 pg/mL, P = 0.01). These reductions were sustained throughout therapy. In contrast, the cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and percent fractional shortening had not changed significantly after 3 months of treatment, although improvements were seen after 6 months of treatment. After 6 months, plasma levels of both A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides were significantly lower in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (A-type natriuretic peptide: 48 +/- 25 pg/mL vs. 57 +/- 27 pg/mL, P = 0.01; B-type natriuretic peptide: 78 +/- 58 pg/mL vs. 139 +/- 61 pg/mL, P = 0.005), whereas no significant differences were observed in the other measures of cardiac function. CONCLUSION: Plasma levels of A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides appear to be more sensitive markers of @entity712 than conventional echocardiographic parameters and cardiothoracic ratios. Measurement of these hormones might be useful for monitoring the effects of treatment with @entity1289 inhibitors.

title: B-type natriuretic peptide as a marker of the effects of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

answer: @entity4688 :: (MESH:D004656,Chemical) :: ['enalapril']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A-Type and B-type natriuretic peptides are cardiac hormones whose circulating levels reflect the severity of @entity712 . It is not known how plasma levels of these hormones respond to changes in cardiac function that occur as a result of treatment with @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors. METHODS: @entity4688 was administered at 5 mg/d for 3 months in 24 @entity1 with @entity712 , and for the next 3 months at 15 mg/d in the high-dose group (n = 12) and 5 mg/d in the low-dose group (n = 12). We measured plasma levels of A-type or B-type natriuretic peptides, as well as conventional measures of cardiac function, such as the cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and percent fractional shortening. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) plasma levels of both hormones decreased promptly after 2 weeks of therapy (A-type natriuretic peptide: 140 +/- 107 pg/mL to 81 +/- 68 pg/mL, P = 0.01; B-type natriuretic peptide: 305 +/- 278 pg/mL to 190 +/- 178 pg/mL, P = 0.01). These reductions were sustained throughout therapy. In contrast, the cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and percent fractional shortening had not changed significantly after 3 months of treatment, although improvements were seen after 6 months of treatment. After 6 months, plasma levels of both A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides were significantly lower in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (A-type natriuretic peptide: 48 +/- 25 pg/mL vs. 57 +/- 27 pg/mL, P = 0.01; B-type natriuretic peptide: 78 +/- 58 pg/mL vs. 139 +/- 61 pg/mL, P = 0.005), whereas no significant differences were observed in the other measures of cardiac function. CONCLUSION: Plasma levels of A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides appear to be more sensitive markers of @entity712 than conventional echocardiographic parameters and cardiothoracic ratios. Measurement of these hormones might be useful for monitoring the effects of treatment with @entity1289 inhibitors.

title: B-type natriuretic peptide as a marker of the effects of @entity4688 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A-Type and B-type natriuretic peptides are cardiac hormones whose circulating levels reflect the severity of @entity712 . It is not known how plasma levels of these hormones respond to changes in cardiac function that occur as a result of treatment with @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors. METHODS: @entity4688 was administered at 5 mg/d for 3 months in 24 @entity1 with @entity712 , and for the next 3 months at 15 mg/d in the high-dose group (n = 12) and 5 mg/d in the low-dose group (n = 12). We measured plasma levels of A-type or B-type natriuretic peptides, as well as conventional measures of cardiac function, such as the cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, and percent fractional shortening. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) plasma levels of both hormones decreased promptly after 2 weeks of therapy (A-type natriuretic peptide: 140 +/- 107 pg/mL to 81 +/- 68 pg/mL, P = 0.01; B-type natriuretic peptide: 305 +/- 278 pg/mL to 190 +/- 178 pg/mL, P = 0.01). These reductions were sustained throughout therapy. In contrast, the cardiothoracic ratio, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and percent fractional shortening had not changed significantly after 3 months of treatment, although improvements were seen after 6 months of treatment. After 6 months, plasma levels of both A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides were significantly lower in the high-dose group than in the low-dose group (A-type natriuretic peptide: 48 +/- 25 pg/mL vs. 57 +/- 27 pg/mL, P = 0.01; B-type natriuretic peptide: 78 +/- 58 pg/mL vs. 139 +/- 61 pg/mL, P = 0.005), whereas no significant differences were observed in the other measures of cardiac function. CONCLUSION: Plasma levels of A-type and B-type natriuretic peptides appear to be more sensitive markers of @entity712 than conventional echocardiographic parameters and cardiothoracic ratios. Measurement of these hormones might be useful for monitoring the effects of treatment with @entity1289 inhibitors.

title: B-type natriuretic peptide as a marker of the effects of @entity4688 in XXXX with @entity712 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: A subgroup of @entity263 @entity1 who have experienced biochemical relapse after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) can benefit from radiation therapy to the prostate fossa. These @entity1 demonstrate biochemical relapse secondary to local failure in the absence of distant failure. In order to define this subgroup, we investigated the impact of pathological and biochemical variables and pre-radiation therapy biopsy of the prostate fossa on biochemical disease-free survival (bNED) and initial @entity1486 response. METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1 with @entity263 who had biochemical relapse after RRP were treated with post-RRP radiation therapy localized to the prostate fossa (median dose, 6120 cGy) and were subsequently followed up for a median time of 47 months. Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier estimates for bNED were used to identify prognostic variables. The Fisher's exact test was used to test the interaction of initial @entity1486 response with identified prognostic variables. RESULTS: Cox regression analysis of bNED as a function of pathological and biochemical parameters showed that only Gleason's score was a significant predictor of bNED. On univariate analysis, seminal vesicle involvement was also found to be a significant predictor. Prostate fossa biopsy result was not significantly related to bNED. Because of the overall high rates of biochemical failure, we wished to identify a high-risk subgroup that did not have local relapse as a component of biochemical relapse after RRP. We assessed initial biochemical response following radiation therapy as a surrogate for local relapse. A complete biochemical response was observed in 50% of @entity1 , and a partial biochemical response was observed in an additional 34%, yielding an overall biochemical response rate of 84%. When stratified by Gleason's score, seminal vesicle, pre-radiation therapy @entity1486 , and biopsy result, response rates greater than 50% were seen for all subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Gleason's score and seminal vesicle involvement predicted bNED after post-RRP radiation therapy in our cohort. Overall biochemical response rates were high in all subgroups, suggesting that all subgroups demonstrated a high likelihood of @entity66 as a component of failure. Pre-radiation therapy biopsy was predictive of neither bNED nor overall biochemical response.

title: Postprostatectomy salvage radiation therapy for XXXX : impact of pathological and biochemical variables and prostate fossa biopsy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual local disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: A recent phase I study of aerosolized @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) in @entity1 with malignant metastases to the lungs demonstrated excellent tolerance and possible efficacy. This therapy was offered to other @entity1 who refused "standard" treatment or when no effective therapy was available. Forty-five @entity1 were treated; 40 had pulmonary metastases. Aerosolized @entity2841 (250 microg/dose) was administered twice a day using a 1 week on, 1 week off schedule. The mean interval between diagnosis and therapy was 32 months. Twenty-four @entity1 had disease stabilization or partial regression. The mean duration of benefit was 10 months. This benefit was noted in 8 of 13 with a @entity242 , 6 of 14 with @entity320 , and 5 of 12 with @entity1358 . Eighteen @entity1 reported mostly self-limiting @entity137 . The frequency of certain @entity320 -specific T lymphocytes in 1 @entity1 with stable disease was found to have increased 10-fold after therapy. Aerosolized @entity2841 appears to have limited but promising efficacy in treatment of @entity358 . In one @entity1 , we have evidence of upregulation of @entity320 -specific cytotoxic T-cells. Further study is warranted to understand the impact of this therapy on the natural history of @entity5 .

title: Aerosolized @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['metastatic cancer']


abstract: A recent phase I study of aerosolized @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) in @entity1 with malignant metastases to the lungs demonstrated excellent tolerance and possible efficacy. This therapy was offered to other @entity1 who refused "standard" treatment or when no effective therapy was available. Forty-five @entity1 were treated; 40 had pulmonary metastases. Aerosolized @entity2841 (250 microg/dose) was administered twice a day using a 1 week on, 1 week off schedule. The mean interval between diagnosis and therapy was 32 months. Twenty-four @entity1 had disease stabilization or partial regression. The mean duration of benefit was 10 months. This benefit was noted in 8 of 13 with a @entity242 , 6 of 14 with @entity320 , and 5 of 12 with @entity1358 . Eighteen @entity1 reported mostly self-limiting @entity137 . The frequency of certain @entity320 -specific T lymphocytes in 1 @entity1 with stable disease was found to have increased 10-fold after therapy. Aerosolized @entity2841 appears to have limited but promising efficacy in treatment of @entity358 . In one @entity1 , we have evidence of upregulation of @entity320 -specific cytotoxic T-cells. Further study is warranted to understand the impact of this therapy on the natural history of @entity5 .

title: Aerosolized XXXX ( @entity2841 ) therapy in @entity5 .

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: A recent phase I study of aerosolized @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) in @entity1 with malignant metastases to the lungs demonstrated excellent tolerance and possible efficacy. This therapy was offered to other @entity1 who refused "standard" treatment or when no effective therapy was available. Forty-five @entity1 were treated; 40 had pulmonary metastases. Aerosolized @entity2841 (250 microg/dose) was administered twice a day using a 1 week on, 1 week off schedule. The mean interval between diagnosis and therapy was 32 months. Twenty-four @entity1 had disease stabilization or partial regression. The mean duration of benefit was 10 months. This benefit was noted in 8 of 13 with a @entity242 , 6 of 14 with @entity320 , and 5 of 12 with @entity1358 . Eighteen @entity1 reported mostly self-limiting @entity137 . The frequency of certain @entity320 -specific T lymphocytes in 1 @entity1 with stable disease was found to have increased 10-fold after therapy. Aerosolized @entity2841 appears to have limited but promising efficacy in treatment of @entity358 . In one @entity1 , we have evidence of upregulation of @entity320 -specific cytotoxic T-cells. Further study is warranted to understand the impact of this therapy on the natural history of @entity5 .

title: Aerosolized @entity2841 ( XXXX ) therapy in @entity5 .

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['GM-CSF']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the responses of two experimental @entity35 @entity5 to single and fractionated X-ray doses whether or not combined with @entity32735 ( @entity32736 ), and the distribution of @entity32736 in @entity5 using MRI. METHODS: L44 @entity2 in BN @entity35 and @entity263 in Copenhagen @entity35 were grown subcutaneously. @entity32736 at concentrations of 8.7 to 25.1 micro mol/kg was administered 2 h before or just before treatments with single and fractionated X-ray doses. @entity5 volume growth delay was the endpoint used. The two-dimensional distribution of the @entity32736 concentration in time was analyzed simultaneously in slices through the center of @entity5 using MRI. Directly after the MRI experiments, @entity5 sections were stained for cytoplasm, nuclei, and microvessel endothelium. RESULTS: @entity32736 at different concentrations administered a few minutes or 2 h before X-ray doses produced no radiation enhancement in the two @entity5 models. The @entity32736 concentration as determined by MRI was maximal 5 min after injection and decreased slowly thereafter. In a representative section at the center of the @entity5 , the microvessel density is nearly homogeneous and correlates with a nearly homogeneous @entity32736 distribution. Hardly any @entity32736 is taken up in underlying muscle tissue. CONCLUSION: No radiosensitization was observed for the different irradiation regimens. The distribution of @entity32736 is nearly homogeneous in the @entity5 and hardly any @entity32736 is taken up in underlying muscles. Our negative results on radiosensitivity in our two @entity5 models raise questions about the efficacy of @entity32736 as a general radiosensitizing agent.

title: Response to motexafin gadolinium and ionizing radiation of experimental @entity35 prostate and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['MLL prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'R3327-MATLyLu (MLL) tumors', 'tumors', 'MLL tumors', 'Tumor', 'MLL tumor']

entities_list: @entity32735 :: ('MESH:C437683', 'Chemical') :: ['Motexafin gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the responses of two experimental @entity35 @entity5 to single and fractionated X-ray doses whether or not combined with @entity32735 ( @entity32736 ), and the distribution of @entity32736 in @entity5 using MRI. METHODS: L44 @entity2 in BN @entity35 and @entity263 in Copenhagen @entity35 were grown subcutaneously. @entity32736 at concentrations of 8.7 to 25.1 micro mol/kg was administered 2 h before or just before treatments with single and fractionated X-ray doses. @entity5 volume growth delay was the endpoint used. The two-dimensional distribution of the @entity32736 concentration in time was analyzed simultaneously in slices through the center of @entity5 using MRI. Directly after the MRI experiments, @entity5 sections were stained for cytoplasm, nuclei, and microvessel endothelium. RESULTS: @entity32736 at different concentrations administered a few minutes or 2 h before X-ray doses produced no radiation enhancement in the two @entity5 models. The @entity32736 concentration as determined by MRI was maximal 5 min after injection and decreased slowly thereafter. In a representative section at the center of the @entity5 , the microvessel density is nearly homogeneous and correlates with a nearly homogeneous @entity32736 distribution. Hardly any @entity32736 is taken up in underlying muscle tissue. CONCLUSION: No radiosensitization was observed for the different irradiation regimens. The distribution of @entity32736 is nearly homogeneous in the @entity5 and hardly any @entity32736 is taken up in underlying muscles. Our negative results on radiosensitivity in our two @entity5 models raise questions about the efficacy of @entity32736 as a general radiosensitizing agent.

title: Response to motexafin gadolinium and ionizing radiation of experimental XXXX prostate and @entity2 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A novel, low elastic modulus femoral component for THR has been developed using a composite of @entity12316 and @entity505 fibre. The objectives of this study were to investigate @entity1 osteoblast-like cell and macrophage responses to this material in vitro. Cells were grown on composite discs and controls. Osteoblast attachment and proliferation was not significantly different to that on @entity13843 . The levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, Type I collagen production and osteocalcin production were not significantly different to that on @entity13843 by the end of the experimental period. @entity273 production by macrophages was significantly less than that detected for cells cultured on @entity920 , but was still greater than that detected for cells cultured on tissue culture plastic and @entity13843 . Beta-glucoronidase activity was not significantly different to that detected for cells cultured on tissue culture plastic. The in vitro biocompatibility assessment of this composite undertaken in this study showed initial osteoblast attachment at least comparable to that of the tissue culture plastic and @entity13843 controls, with proliferation similar to the controls at all time points up to 11 days. Alkaline phosphatase activity was similar to that of @entity13843 but reduced compared to tissue culture plastic controls. Whilst @entity273 production by macrophages was raised on composite surfaces compared to controls, beta-glucoronidase activity and osteoblastic production of Type I collagen and osteocalcin were similar to levels detected on @entity13843 .

title: Use of a novel XXXX fibre composite material for the femoral stem component of a THR system: in vitro biological assessment.

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide', 'hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['polyetheretherketone']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discover the value of low-dose (LDAT) and standard-dose ACTH tests (SDAT) as compared with the @entity4235 test in the diagnosis of @entity1887 . @entity1 AND METHODS: LDAT (0.5 microg/m2), SDAT (250 microg/m2) and overnight @entity4235 (30 mg/kg) tests were carried out in 29 @entity1 with suspected @entity1887 . LDAT and SDAT were also performed in 36 control subjects. RESULTS: 18 of 29 @entity1 were grouped in the @entity774 ( @entity774 ) group and 11 of 29 @entity1 in the @entity774 ( @entity774 ) group according to the @entity4235 test results. The control group had significantly higher @entity701 responses than the @entity774 and @entity774 groups during LDAT. The control group had similar @entity701 responses to the @entity774 group but higher @entity701 responses than the @entity774 group during SDAT. The @entity774 group was divided into 2 subgroups: @entity774 @entity1 with multiple @entity7961 ( @entity774 -multiple) and @entity774 @entity1 with @entity2338 ( @entity774 -isolated). The @entity774 -multiple group had statistically lower @entity701 responses than the control group during LDAT. Receiver-operating characteristics analysis revealed that the @entity701 cutoff value in LDAT was 19.8 microg/dl (100% sensitivity, 89% specificity) and 30.4 microg/dl in SDAT (82% sensitivity, 78% specificity). CONCLUSION: LDAT is capable of identifying @entity1 with @entity1887 more effectively than SDAT. The @entity701 cutoff value in LDAT was calculated as 19.8 microg/dl with 100% sensitivity. @entity774 @entity1 with multiple @entity7961 had lower @entity701 responses to LDAT than the control group implying that these @entity1 might have a lower @entity701 secretory capacity than healthy subjects.

title: Significance of low-dose and standard-dose ACTH tests compared to overnight @entity4235 test in the diagnosis of XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic growth hormone deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity4235 :: ('MESH:D008797', 'Chemical') :: ['metyrapone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency', 'secondary adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary hormone deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'adrenal-deficient', 'adrenal-sufficient', 'AD']

answer: @entity1887 :: (MESH:D000309,Disease) :: ['adrenal insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discover the value of low-dose (LDAT) and standard-dose ACTH tests (SDAT) as compared with the @entity4235 test in the diagnosis of @entity1887 . @entity1 AND METHODS: LDAT (0.5 microg/m2), SDAT (250 microg/m2) and overnight @entity4235 (30 mg/kg) tests were carried out in 29 @entity1 with suspected @entity1887 . LDAT and SDAT were also performed in 36 control subjects. RESULTS: 18 of 29 @entity1 were grouped in the @entity774 ( @entity774 ) group and 11 of 29 @entity1 in the @entity774 ( @entity774 ) group according to the @entity4235 test results. The control group had significantly higher @entity701 responses than the @entity774 and @entity774 groups during LDAT. The control group had similar @entity701 responses to the @entity774 group but higher @entity701 responses than the @entity774 group during SDAT. The @entity774 group was divided into 2 subgroups: @entity774 @entity1 with multiple @entity7961 ( @entity774 -multiple) and @entity774 @entity1 with @entity2338 ( @entity774 -isolated). The @entity774 -multiple group had statistically lower @entity701 responses than the control group during LDAT. Receiver-operating characteristics analysis revealed that the @entity701 cutoff value in LDAT was 19.8 microg/dl (100% sensitivity, 89% specificity) and 30.4 microg/dl in SDAT (82% sensitivity, 78% specificity). CONCLUSION: LDAT is capable of identifying @entity1 with @entity1887 more effectively than SDAT. The @entity701 cutoff value in LDAT was calculated as 19.8 microg/dl with 100% sensitivity. @entity774 @entity1 with multiple @entity7961 had lower @entity701 responses to LDAT than the control group implying that these @entity1 might have a lower @entity701 secretory capacity than healthy subjects.

title: Significance of low-dose and standard-dose ACTH tests compared to overnight XXXX test in the diagnosis of @entity1887 in childhood.

answer: @entity4235 :: (MESH:D008797,Chemical) :: ['metyrapone']


abstract: PURPOSE: In Japan, leukocytapheresis has become an accepted therapy for @entity31 . The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the efficacy of additional leukocytapheresis in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe recurrence of @entity31 . METHODS: From 1998 to 2002, 35 @entity1 with moderate-to-severe recurrence of @entity31 were treated by intravenous @entity617 only or @entity617 plus leukocytapheresis once per week. Previous clinical features of @entity31 , activity index at four weeks, and subsequent course were compared between @entity1 with leukocytapheresis and those without. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were treated with @entity617 only ( @entity617 group), and 19 @entity1 were treated with @entity617 plus leukocytapheresis (leukocytapheresis group). Previous @entity617 dose (13.6 +/- 10.4 g vs. 7.9 +/- 9.8 g; P < 0.05) was higher in the leukocytapheresis group than the @entity617 group. Clinical response rate at four weeks was not different between the two groups (leukocytapheresis group, 68.4 percent vs. @entity617 group, 75 percent). However, @entity31 activity index at four weeks was significantly higher in the leukocytapheresis group than the @entity617 group (180.5 +/- 44.2 vs. 142.5 +/- 45.3; P < 0.05). During the subsequent clinical course, 15 of 35 @entity1 required proctocolectomy (leukocytapheresis group, 11 @entity1 vs. @entity617 group, 4 @entity1 ). Proctocolectomy rate was significantly different when @entity1 were divided by previous @entity617 dose (P = 0.0029) and @entity31 activity index at four weeks (P = 0.002), but it was not different according to the application of leukocytapheresis. Cox proportional hazards model revealed previous @entity617 dose to be the only independent risk factor for proctocolectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of leukocytapheresis to @entity617 therapy does not seem beneficial in @entity31 @entity1 with moderate-to-severe recurrence.

title: Addition of leukocytapheresis to steroid therapy: is it beneficial in recurrence of moderate-to-severe XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: @entity155 of the tibial tuberosity is a rarely reported @entity174 . It is mainly considered as an @entity2587 accounting for less than 3% of all @entity75 . In this study, we hypothesized that the use of tension band wiring as a supplement of the internal fixation for the @entity155 fractures of the tibial tuberosity would lead the adolescent athletes to a more effective rehabilitation program and an earlier resumption of their previous activity level. Ten @entity1 were treated in our department over a period of 11 years (1985-1995). Operative treatment was thought necessary for all our cases due to tibial tuberosity displacement. Open reduction and internal fixation in combination with tension band wiring was used. The result in all cases was that the reduction was maintained intact and the @entity174 united. The functional results were excellent, and all @entity1 returned to their previous athletic activities. Our conclusion is that the combination of internal fixation and tension band wiring for @entity155 fractures of the tibial tuberosity seems to be more effective and advantageous than conservative or other surgical methods. Avoiding the need of external support and allowing early joint motion, the method described prevents serious @entity2057 , allowing the young athletes to return earlier to their previous sport activities.

title: XXXX in adolescent athletes treated by internal fixation and tension band wiring.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epiphyseal lesions']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['athletic injury']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['Avulsion', 'avulsion']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps atrophy']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Avulsion fractures of the tibial tuberosity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: More than one-half the deaths of @entity1 admitted to @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) occur after a decision to forgo life-sustaining therapy (DFLST). Although DFLSTs typically occur in @entity1 with severe comorbidities and intractable acute medical disorders, other factors may influence the likelihood of DFLSTs. The objectives of this study were to describe the factors and mortality associated with DFLSTs and to evaluate the potential independent impact of DFLSTs on hospital mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective multicenter 2-year study in six @entity1213 in France. @entity1 : The 1,698 @entity1 admitted to the participating @entity1213 during the study period, including 295 (17.4%) with DFLSTs. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The impact of DFLSTs on hospital mortality was evaluated using a model that incorporates changes in daily logistic organ dysfunction scores during the first ICU week. Univariate predictors of @entity204 included demographic factors (age, gender), comorbidities, reasons for ICU admission, severity scores at ICU admission, and DFLSTs. In a stepwise Cox model five variables independently predicted mortality: good chronic health status (hazard ratio, 0.479), SAPS II score higher than 39 (2.05), @entity409 (1.463), daily logistic organ dysfunction score (1.357 per point), and DFLSTs (1.887). CONCLUSIONS: DFLSTs remain independently associated with @entity204 after adjusting on comorbidities and severity at ICU admission and within the first ICU week. This highlights the need for further clarifying the many determinants of DFLSTs and for routinely collecting DFLSTs in studies with survival as the outcome variable of interest.

title: Decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy in ICU @entity1 independently predict XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['ICUs', 'intensive care units']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['hospital death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: More than one-half the deaths of @entity1 admitted to @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) occur after a decision to forgo life-sustaining therapy (DFLST). Although DFLSTs typically occur in @entity1 with severe comorbidities and intractable acute medical disorders, other factors may influence the likelihood of DFLSTs. The objectives of this study were to describe the factors and mortality associated with DFLSTs and to evaluate the potential independent impact of DFLSTs on hospital mortality. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective multicenter 2-year study in six @entity1213 in France. @entity1 : The 1,698 @entity1 admitted to the participating @entity1213 during the study period, including 295 (17.4%) with DFLSTs. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The impact of DFLSTs on hospital mortality was evaluated using a model that incorporates changes in daily logistic organ dysfunction scores during the first ICU week. Univariate predictors of @entity204 included demographic factors (age, gender), comorbidities, reasons for ICU admission, severity scores at ICU admission, and DFLSTs. In a stepwise Cox model five variables independently predicted mortality: good chronic health status (hazard ratio, 0.479), SAPS II score higher than 39 (2.05), @entity409 (1.463), daily logistic organ dysfunction score (1.357 per point), and DFLSTs (1.887). CONCLUSIONS: DFLSTs remain independently associated with @entity204 after adjusting on comorbidities and severity at ICU admission and within the first ICU week. This highlights the need for further clarifying the many determinants of DFLSTs and for routinely collecting DFLSTs in studies with survival as the outcome variable of interest.

title: Decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy in ICU XXXX independently predict @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of @entity1 with @entity13571 associated with temporal artery involvement. METHODS: From a cohort of 120 @entity1 fulfilling American College of Rheumatology criteria for temporal @entity3468 , we retrospectively identified 7 @entity1 with @entity13571 associated with histological temporal @entity3468 . RESULTS: Among the 7 @entity1 , 2 had classic @entity11657 , one had unclassified @entity13571 , one had @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ), and 3 had microscopic @entity2883 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 70.2 years, and cranial symptoms revealed the disease in all but one @entity1 . @entity226 was generally associated with extracephalic manifestations suggestive of @entity13571 . Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies were positive in 3 of the 4 @entity1 with @entity10763 . Pathologically, the main temporal artery was involved in all but one @entity1 , with inflammatory infiltrate of vasa vasorum and adventitia associated in 5 with small tributary involvement. @entity39 was rare, observed in 2 specimens; 2 @entity1 with unclassified @entity13571 and @entity2883 had a classic @entity226 ( @entity226 ) histologic pattern. Only one @entity1 had exclusive involvement of small vessels, surrounding the spared main temporal artery. Muscle biopsies showed histopathological evidence of @entity1333 in 2 @entity1 , skin biopsy in one, and vein biopsy in the other. CONCLUSION: Temporal artery involvement in @entity13571 was generally associated with extracranial clinical features suggestive of @entity13571 . Temporal artery biopsy is a simple tool for diagnosis of @entity1333 , but the histopathological findings do not always discriminate between @entity1333 and @entity226 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity13571 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['systemic necrotizing vasculitis', 'systemic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrinoid necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis', 'Temporal arteritis', 'GCA', 'classic GCA']

entities_list: @entity10763 :: ('MESH:C565222', 'Disease') :: ['small vessel vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['WG', "Wegener's granulomatosis", 'polyangiitis']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['Temporal arteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of @entity1 with @entity13571 associated with temporal artery involvement. METHODS: From a cohort of 120 @entity1 fulfilling American College of Rheumatology criteria for temporal @entity3468 , we retrospectively identified 7 @entity1 with @entity13571 associated with histological temporal @entity3468 . RESULTS: Among the 7 @entity1 , 2 had classic @entity11657 , one had unclassified @entity13571 , one had @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ), and 3 had microscopic @entity2883 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 70.2 years, and cranial symptoms revealed the disease in all but one @entity1 . @entity226 was generally associated with extracephalic manifestations suggestive of @entity13571 . Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies were positive in 3 of the 4 @entity1 with @entity10763 . Pathologically, the main temporal artery was involved in all but one @entity1 , with inflammatory infiltrate of vasa vasorum and adventitia associated in 5 with small tributary involvement. @entity39 was rare, observed in 2 specimens; 2 @entity1 with unclassified @entity13571 and @entity2883 had a classic @entity226 ( @entity226 ) histologic pattern. Only one @entity1 had exclusive involvement of small vessels, surrounding the spared main temporal artery. Muscle biopsies showed histopathological evidence of @entity1333 in 2 @entity1 , skin biopsy in one, and vein biopsy in the other. CONCLUSION: Temporal artery involvement in @entity13571 was generally associated with extracranial clinical features suggestive of @entity13571 . Temporal artery biopsy is a simple tool for diagnosis of @entity1333 , but the histopathological findings do not always discriminate between @entity1333 and @entity226 .

title: @entity226 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity13571 :: (MESH:D056647,Disease) :: ['systemic necrotizing vasculitis']