abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological investigations indicate that an Asian dust storm (ADS) can aggravate @entity1576 . However, the effects of ADS on @entity32 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of exposure to ADS with @entity32 . METHODS: The subjects were 33 adult @entity1 with @entity565 who measured daily peak flow expiratory (PEF) from March to May 2012. Fractional exhaled @entity842 (FeNO) was measured before and after ADS. RESULTS: The FeNO values were 13.8  13.7 ppb before the ADS and 20.3  19.0 ppb after the ADS, with no significant difference. There was also no significant association of PEF with ADS exposure. However, the increase of FeNO after ADS exposure was proportional to the decrease of PEF (R=-0.78, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity32 aggravated by ADS exposure may induce a decrease in pulmonary function in some adult @entity1 with @entity565 . J. Med. Invest. 62: 233-237, August, 2015.

title: Effect of exposure to an Asian dust storm on fractional exhaled @entity842 in adult @entity565 XXXX in Western Japan.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neurotrophins and their receptors act as important proliferative and pro-survival factors in a variety of cell types. Neurotrophins are produced by multiple cell types in both pro- and mature forms, and can act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. The @entity13714 and Trk receptors can elicit signalling in response to the presence or absence of their corresponding @entity2252 ligands. This signalling, along with @entity2252 and receptor expression, varies between different cell types. Neurotrophins and their receptors have been shown to be expressed by and elicit signalling in B lymphocytes. In general, most neurotrophins are expressed by activated B-cells and memory B-cells. Likewise, the TrkB95 receptor is seen on activated B-cells, while @entity2250 and @entity2251 ( @entity13714 ) are expressed by both resting and active B-cells as well as memory B-cells. Nerve growth factor stimulates B-cell proliferation, memory B-cell survival, antibody production and @entity2936 expression. @entity2252 is involved in B-cell maturation in the bone marrow through TrkB95. Overall neurotrophins and their receptors have been shown to be involved in B-cell proliferation, development, differentiation, antibody secretion and survival. As well as expression and activity in healthy B-cells, the neurotrophins and their receptors can contribute to B-cell @entity5 including @entity981 , diffuse large @entity1892 , @entity2109 and @entity1582 . They are involved in B-cell malignancy survival and potentially in drug resistance.

title: Neurotrophins and B-cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'neurotrophin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: Genital @entity7492 are @entity455 that often require complex management and interdisciplinary care. @entity1169 was first used to treat @entity1 with @entity7492 in 2008 and has since gained acceptance as first-line therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We review the presentation, course, management and outcomes of all cases of genital @entity7492 managed by @entity1169 administration at a single institution from April 2010 to July 2014. RESULTS: During the study period 9 @entity1 with genital @entity7492 were referred to our @entity2695 treatment clinic. @entity1169 was initially administered under careful outpatient monitoring at a dose of 1 mg/kg daily in  8  @entity1 . One @entity1 , a 700 gm premature @entity1 , was started on therapy in  the inpatient setting at 0.5 mg/kg daily, given the history of prematurity. All @entity1 underwent successful increase of dose to at least 2 mg/kg for the observation phase after tolerating the starting doses. One @entity1 discontinued @entity1169 prematurely per parental request due to concern regarding peripheral vasoconstriction. Otherwise, no @entity1 demonstrated significant @entity551 , symptomatic @entity1168 , @entity4053 or other major side effect requiring treatment discontinuation. All @entity1 who continued the treatment protocol had excellent response to therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1169 therapy for genital @entity7492 was successfully initiated and the dosage increased in 9 young @entity1 without significant side effects and with marked improvement in all @entity1 who continued on  treatment. @entity1169 is the only Food and Drug Administration approved therapy for treatment of @entity1 with this @entity455 and should be considered first-line therapy for genital @entity7492 .

title: XXXX for Treatment of Genital Infantile Hemangioma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomaly', 'vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['infantile hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['Propranolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Direct brain control of overground walking in those with @entity451 due to @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) has not been achieved. Invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) may provide a permanent solution to this problem by directly linking the brain to lower extremity prostheses. To justify the pursuit of such invasive systems, the feasibility of BCI controlled overground walking should first be established in a noninvasive manner. To accomplish this goal, we developed an electroencephalogram (EEG)-based BCI to control a functional electrical stimulation (FES) system for overground walking and assessed its performance in an individual with @entity451 due to @entity1566 . METHODS: An individual with @entity1566 (T6 AIS B) was recruited for the study and was trained to operate an EEG-based BCI system using an attempted walking/idling control strategy. He also underwent muscle reconditioning to facilitate standing and overground walking with a commercial FES system. Subsequently, the BCI and FES systems were integrated and the @entity1 engaged in several real-time walking tests using the BCI-FES system. This was done in both a suspended, off-the-ground condition, and an overground walking condition. BCI states, gyroscope, laser distance meter, and video recording data were used to assess the BCI performance. RESULTS: During the course of 19 weeks, the @entity1 performed 30 real-time, BCI-FES controlled overground walking tests, and demonstrated the ability to purposefully operate the BCI-FES system by following verbal cues. Based on the comparison between the ground truth and decoded BCI states, he achieved information transfer rates >3 bit/s and correlations >0.9. No adverse events directly related to the study were observed. CONCLUSION: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates for the first time that restoring brain-controlled overground walking after @entity451 due to @entity1566 is feasible. Further studies are warranted to establish the generalizability of these results in a population of individuals with @entity451 due to @entity1566 . If this noninvasive system is successfully tested in population studies, the pursuit of permanent, invasive BCI walking prostheses may be justified. In addition, a simplified version of the current system may be explored as a noninvasive neurorehabilitative therapy in those with incomplete motor @entity1566 .

title: The feasibility of a brain-computer interface functional electrical stimulation system for the restoration of overground walking after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The belief that Chinese teas are of immense health benefits by many Nigerians has led to high consumption rate. OBJECTIVES: This study has determined lead and @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) levels of Chinese teas popularly consumed in Nigeria and to estimate the potential health risks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty brands of Chinese teas commonly consumed in Nigeria purchased in October 2014 were used in the study. Tea samples were extracted and digested. Lead, and @entity2556 were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) and gas chromatographic methods, respectively. Daily intake, percent violations of permissible limits, target hazard quotients (THQ), Health Risk Index (HRI) of lead, and other @entity5 risk parameters of @entity2556 were estimated. RESULTS: All the tea samples except super natural green tea violated the WHO permissible limit of lead (0.01 mg/kg) by over 100%. The HRI ranged from 5.09 x 10(-5) - 7.20 * 10(-4) . Among the single analyzed compounds, the @entity71269 had the highest concentration of 14.31 mg/kg. The intake of @entity3014 was detected in 25% of the samples which ranged from 0.066 to 0.145 mg/kg and exceeded the permissible daily limit of @entity3014 intake. The estimated @entity5 risk from this study in an adult is 5.07 * 10(-9). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that consumption of Chinese teas in Nigeria may not be one of the factors responsible for the increased rate of @entity5 in Nigeria. KEY WORDS: lead, teas, permissible limits, risk assessment, food safety analysis, Nigeria.

title: Survey of XXXX and lead in Chinese teas sold in Nigeria: levels and health implications.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic selection for production traits has resulted in a rapid improvement in animal performance and development. Previous studies have mapped quantitative trait loci for body weight at 35 and 41 days, and drum and thigh yield, onto @entity1573 chromosome 4. We investigated this region for single nucleotide polymorphisms and their associations with important economic traits. Three positional candidate genes were studied: @entity71270 (Kr  eppel-like factor 3), @entity71271 ( @entity71271 ), and @entity59365 ( @entity71272 ). Fragment sequencing of these genes was conducted in 11 F1 animals, and one polymorphism in each gene was selected and genotyped in an F2 population (N = 276) and a paternal broiler line TT (N = 840). Associations were identified with growth, carcass, and fat traits in the F2 and the paternal line (P < 0.05). Using single markers in both the F2 and the TT line, @entity71270 was associated with @entity1017 (P < 0.05), PPPARGC1A was associated with liver and wing-parts weights and yields (P < 0.05), and @entity71271 was associated with back yield (P < 0.05) and fat traits (P < 0.05). Using multiple markers, @entity71270 lost its significance in both populations, and @entity71271 was associated with feed conversion only in the TT population (P < 0.05). The QTLs mapped in the F2 population could be partly explained by @entity59365 and @entity71271 , which were associated with body weight at 35 and 41 days, respectively, and with drum and thigh yield in the same population. The results of this study indicate the importance of these genes for production traits.

title: Identification of polymorphisms associated with production traits on XXXX ( @entity1573 ) chromosome 4.

entities_list: @entity71272 :: ('422815;373928', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic selection for production traits has resulted in a rapid improvement in animal performance and development. Previous studies have mapped quantitative trait loci for body weight at 35 and 41 days, and drum and thigh yield, onto @entity1573 chromosome 4. We investigated this region for single nucleotide polymorphisms and their associations with important economic traits. Three positional candidate genes were studied: @entity71270 (Kr  eppel-like factor 3), @entity71271 ( @entity71271 ), and @entity59365 ( @entity71272 ). Fragment sequencing of these genes was conducted in 11 F1 animals, and one polymorphism in each gene was selected and genotyped in an F2 population (N = 276) and a paternal broiler line TT (N = 840). Associations were identified with growth, carcass, and fat traits in the F2 and the paternal line (P < 0.05). Using single markers in both the F2 and the TT line, @entity71270 was associated with @entity1017 (P < 0.05), PPPARGC1A was associated with liver and wing-parts weights and yields (P < 0.05), and @entity71271 was associated with back yield (P < 0.05) and fat traits (P < 0.05). Using multiple markers, @entity71270 lost its significance in both populations, and @entity71271 was associated with feed conversion only in the TT population (P < 0.05). The QTLs mapped in the F2 population could be partly explained by @entity59365 and @entity71271 , which were associated with body weight at 35 and 41 days, respectively, and with drum and thigh yield in the same population. The results of this study indicate the importance of these genes for production traits.

title: Identification of polymorphisms associated with production traits on @entity1573 ( XXXX ) chromosome 4.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['Gallus gallus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Numerous studies have evaluated the association between the @entity41492 polymorphism of the @entity20822 ( @entity20822 ) gene and @entity43 risk. However, the specific association is still controversial. This meta-analysis was therefore designed to clarify these controversies. Relevant case-control studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Quality evaluation of the included studies was conducted by two physicians. Statistical analyses were carried out using the Stata 12.0 software for meta-analysis. Analyses of sensitivity and publication bias were also conducted. Overall, a significant association was found between the @entity41492 polymorphism and @entity43 risk when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis ( @entity534 / @entity534 vs His/His: OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.15-3.00; @entity534 / @entity534 vs @entity534 /His: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.03-1.32; dominant model: OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.74-0.95; recessive model: OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.05-2.70). This meta-analysis suggested that the @entity20822 @entity41492 polymorphism was associated with the risk of @entity43 . Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm these conclusions.

title: XXXX polymorphism in the @entity20822 gene and the risk of @entity43 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity41492 :: ('p|SUB|R|188|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg188His']

entities_list: @entity20822 :: ('7516', 'Gene') :: ['XRCC2', 'X-ray repair cross-complementing group 2']

answer: @entity41492 :: (p|SUB|R|188|H,ProteinMutation) :: ['Arg188His']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Numerous studies have evaluated the association between the @entity41492 polymorphism of the @entity20822 ( @entity20822 ) gene and @entity43 risk. However, the specific association is still controversial. This meta-analysis was therefore designed to clarify these controversies. Relevant case-control studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Quality evaluation of the included studies was conducted by two physicians. Statistical analyses were carried out using the Stata 12.0 software for meta-analysis. Analyses of sensitivity and publication bias were also conducted. Overall, a significant association was found between the @entity41492 polymorphism and @entity43 risk when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis ( @entity534 / @entity534 vs His/His: OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.15-3.00; @entity534 / @entity534 vs @entity534 /His: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.03-1.32; dominant model: OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.74-0.95; recessive model: OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.05-2.70). This meta-analysis suggested that the @entity20822 @entity41492 polymorphism was associated with the risk of @entity43 . Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm these conclusions.

title: @entity41492 polymorphism in the XXXX gene and the risk of @entity43 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity20822 :: (7516,Gene) :: ['XRCC2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Numerous studies have evaluated the association between the @entity41492 polymorphism of the @entity20822 ( @entity20822 ) gene and @entity43 risk. However, the specific association is still controversial. This meta-analysis was therefore designed to clarify these controversies. Relevant case-control studies were enrolled in the meta-analysis. Quality evaluation of the included studies was conducted by two physicians. Statistical analyses were carried out using the Stata 12.0 software for meta-analysis. Analyses of sensitivity and publication bias were also conducted. Overall, a significant association was found between the @entity41492 polymorphism and @entity43 risk when all studies were pooled into the meta-analysis ( @entity534 / @entity534 vs His/His: OR = 1.85, 95%CI = 1.15-3.00; @entity534 / @entity534 vs @entity534 /His: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.03-1.32; dominant model: OR = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.74-0.95; recessive model: OR = 1.69, 95%CI = 1.05-2.70). This meta-analysis suggested that the @entity20822 @entity41492 polymorphism was associated with the risk of @entity43 . Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm these conclusions.

title: @entity41492 polymorphism in the @entity20822 gene and the risk of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ureteral stent discomfort is a significant postoperative problem for  many @entity1 . Despite the use of narcotics and a-blockers @entity1 often experience bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms and @entity158 , which impair daily activities. We compared combination therapy with an a-blocker and an anticholinergic to monotherapy with an a-blocker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was performed from December 2012 to April 2014. A total of 80 @entity1 were randomized, including 44 to the combination group ( @entity9940 0.4 mg and @entity2181 early release 4 mg) and 36 to the monotherapy group ( @entity9940 0.4 mg and placebo). @entity1 with preexisting ureteral stent placement or current anticholinergic therapy were excluded from study. @entity1 completed USSQ (Urinary Stent Symptom Questionnaire) before stent placement on the day of surgery, the day after stent placement, the morning of stent removal and the day after stent removal. The questionnaire included questions regarding urinary symptoms, general health, @entity158 , and work and sexual history. RESULTS: A total of 80 @entity1 (40 males and 40 females) were studied. Mean age was 51.5 vs 51.3 years (p = 0.95) and mean body mass index was 33.6 vs 31.9  kg/m(2) (p = 0.44) in monotherapy group 1 vs combination therapy group 2. Between  the 2 groups there was no significant difference in urinary symptoms, @entity158 and activities of daily living from baseline to just before stent removal (p = 0.95, 0.40 and 0.95, respectively). Although there was no difference between the groups, both showed improvement in urinary symptoms from the time of  initial stent insertion to just prior to stent removal (difference -0.50 for combination therapy and -0.40 for monotherapy). The mean stent indwelling time of 9.6 and 8.7 days in the combination and monotherapy groups, respectively, did not differ (p = 0.67). On ANOVA it had no significant impact on results (p = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with @entity9940 and @entity2181 does not appear to improve urinary symptoms, bodily @entity158 or quality of life in @entity1 after ureteral stent placement for @entity1790 compared to @entity9940 alone. Both groups experienced worse urinary symptoms, @entity158 and quality of life with a stent, suggesting that further research is necessary to improve stent discomfort.

title: Does Combination Therapy with @entity9940 and XXXX Improve Ureteral Stent Discomfort Compared with @entity9940 Alone? A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'body pain']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity2181 :: (MESH:C099041,Chemical) :: ['Tolterodine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ureteral stent discomfort is a significant postoperative problem for  many @entity1 . Despite the use of narcotics and a-blockers @entity1 often experience bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms and @entity158 , which impair daily activities. We compared combination therapy with an a-blocker and an anticholinergic to monotherapy with an a-blocker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was performed from December 2012 to April 2014. A total of 80 @entity1 were randomized, including 44 to the combination group ( @entity9940 0.4 mg and @entity2181 early release 4 mg) and 36 to the monotherapy group ( @entity9940 0.4 mg and placebo). @entity1 with preexisting ureteral stent placement or current anticholinergic therapy were excluded from study. @entity1 completed USSQ (Urinary Stent Symptom Questionnaire) before stent placement on the day of surgery, the day after stent placement, the morning of stent removal and the day after stent removal. The questionnaire included questions regarding urinary symptoms, general health, @entity158 , and work and sexual history. RESULTS: A total of 80 @entity1 (40 males and 40 females) were studied. Mean age was 51.5 vs 51.3 years (p = 0.95) and mean body mass index was 33.6 vs 31.9  kg/m(2) (p = 0.44) in monotherapy group 1 vs combination therapy group 2. Between  the 2 groups there was no significant difference in urinary symptoms, @entity158 and activities of daily living from baseline to just before stent removal (p = 0.95, 0.40 and 0.95, respectively). Although there was no difference between the groups, both showed improvement in urinary symptoms from the time of  initial stent insertion to just prior to stent removal (difference -0.50 for combination therapy and -0.40 for monotherapy). The mean stent indwelling time of 9.6 and 8.7 days in the combination and monotherapy groups, respectively, did not differ (p = 0.67). On ANOVA it had no significant impact on results (p = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with @entity9940 and @entity2181 does not appear to improve urinary symptoms, bodily @entity158 or quality of life in @entity1 after ureteral stent placement for @entity1790 compared to @entity9940 alone. Both groups experienced worse urinary symptoms, @entity158 and quality of life with a stent, suggesting that further research is necessary to improve stent discomfort.

title: Does Combination Therapy with XXXX and @entity2181 Improve Ureteral Stent Discomfort Compared with @entity9940 Alone? A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['Tamsulosin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ureteral stent discomfort is a significant postoperative problem for  many @entity1 . Despite the use of narcotics and a-blockers @entity1 often experience bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms and @entity158 , which impair daily activities. We compared combination therapy with an a-blocker and an anticholinergic to monotherapy with an a-blocker. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was performed from December 2012 to April 2014. A total of 80 @entity1 were randomized, including 44 to the combination group ( @entity9940 0.4 mg and @entity2181 early release 4 mg) and 36 to the monotherapy group ( @entity9940 0.4 mg and placebo). @entity1 with preexisting ureteral stent placement or current anticholinergic therapy were excluded from study. @entity1 completed USSQ (Urinary Stent Symptom Questionnaire) before stent placement on the day of surgery, the day after stent placement, the morning of stent removal and the day after stent removal. The questionnaire included questions regarding urinary symptoms, general health, @entity158 , and work and sexual history. RESULTS: A total of 80 @entity1 (40 males and 40 females) were studied. Mean age was 51.5 vs 51.3 years (p = 0.95) and mean body mass index was 33.6 vs 31.9  kg/m(2) (p = 0.44) in monotherapy group 1 vs combination therapy group 2. Between  the 2 groups there was no significant difference in urinary symptoms, @entity158 and activities of daily living from baseline to just before stent removal (p = 0.95, 0.40 and 0.95, respectively). Although there was no difference between the groups, both showed improvement in urinary symptoms from the time of  initial stent insertion to just prior to stent removal (difference -0.50 for combination therapy and -0.40 for monotherapy). The mean stent indwelling time of 9.6 and 8.7 days in the combination and monotherapy groups, respectively, did not differ (p = 0.67). On ANOVA it had no significant impact on results (p = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with @entity9940 and @entity2181 does not appear to improve urinary symptoms, bodily @entity158 or quality of life in @entity1 after ureteral stent placement for @entity1790 compared to @entity9940 alone. Both groups experienced worse urinary symptoms, @entity158 and quality of life with a stent, suggesting that further research is necessary to improve stent discomfort.

title: Does Combination Therapy with @entity9940 and @entity2181 Improve Ureteral Stent Discomfort Compared with XXXX Alone? A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['Tamsulosin']


abstract: The nephrotoxicity associated with @entity349 may be manifested as either @entity4295 or an immune complex @entity631 , depending upon the conditions under which the @entity1 is exposed to the metal. Two @entity1 with industrial exposure to @entity349 developed the @entity1985 due to @entity631 . A multidisciplinary approach was used to define more precisely the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the production of the @entity8 . Although glomeruli were normal by light microscopy, immunohistochemical studies demonstrated confluent finely granular epimembranous deposits of IgG and C3. This distribution was confirmed at the ultrastructural level with immunoelectron microscopy. High resolution elemental analysis of electron dense inclusions in tubular epithelial phagolysosomes demonstrated energy dispersion spectra characteristic of coexisting @entity349 and @entity4259 . Eluates from the biopsy material were not immunoreactive against normal @entity35 or @entity1 kidney. There was no immunoreactivity of epimembranous deposits with antibodies having renal tubular epithelial antigen or urinary uromucoid specificity. These observations suggest that a distinctive @entity75 is associated with @entity349 -associated membraneous @entity631 , that the role of the metal itself may only be coincidental, and that the involved antigen remains unknown. @entity229 therapy had no documented persistent beneficial influence upon the level of @entity644 in one @entity1 who has been lost to follow-up. In one @entity1 not treated with @entity134 therapy, withdrawal of exposure to the metal resulted in disappearance of @entity349 from body fluids and clinical remission.

title: XXXX associated with industrial @entity349 exposure. Study of pathogenetic mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular lesion']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['immunopathologic lesion']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulonephritis', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['Membranous glomerulonephritis']


abstract: The nephrotoxicity associated with @entity349 may be manifested as either @entity4295 or an immune complex @entity631 , depending upon the conditions under which the @entity1 is exposed to the metal. Two @entity1 with industrial exposure to @entity349 developed the @entity1985 due to @entity631 . A multidisciplinary approach was used to define more precisely the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the production of the @entity8 . Although glomeruli were normal by light microscopy, immunohistochemical studies demonstrated confluent finely granular epimembranous deposits of IgG and C3. This distribution was confirmed at the ultrastructural level with immunoelectron microscopy. High resolution elemental analysis of electron dense inclusions in tubular epithelial phagolysosomes demonstrated energy dispersion spectra characteristic of coexisting @entity349 and @entity4259 . Eluates from the biopsy material were not immunoreactive against normal @entity35 or @entity1 kidney. There was no immunoreactivity of epimembranous deposits with antibodies having renal tubular epithelial antigen or urinary uromucoid specificity. These observations suggest that a distinctive @entity75 is associated with @entity349 -associated membraneous @entity631 , that the role of the metal itself may only be coincidental, and that the involved antigen remains unknown. @entity229 therapy had no documented persistent beneficial influence upon the level of @entity644 in one @entity1 who has been lost to follow-up. In one @entity1 not treated with @entity134 therapy, withdrawal of exposure to the metal resulted in disappearance of @entity349 from body fluids and clinical remission.

title: @entity631 associated with industrial XXXX exposure. Study of pathogenetic mechanisms.

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: RATIONALE: Survivors of @entity326 have impaired functional status. @entity1284 is associated with poor outcomes in @entity1 with @entity326 , but the impact of @entity1284 on functional outcome and discharge destination of survivors is unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study describes patterns of fluid management both during and after @entity326 , and examines factors associated with @entity1284 on intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. We then examine associations between @entity1284 on ICU discharge and mobility limitation and discharge to a healthcare facility in @entity326 survivors, with the hypothesis that @entity1284 is associated with increased odds of these outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 247 @entity1 admitted with @entity326 to an academic county hospital from June 2009 to April 2012, who survived to ICU discharge. We defined @entity1284 as a fluid balance expected to increase the subject's admission weight by 10%. Statistical methods included unadjusted analyses and multivariable logistic regression. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of @entity1 had a positive fluid balance and 35% had @entity1284 on ICU discharge. Factors associated with @entity1284 in unadjusted analyses included more @entity221 , @entity82 , blood transfusion during shock, and higher volumes of fluid administration both during and after shock. Blood transfusion during shock was independently associated with increased odds of @entity1284 (odds ratio [OR] 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33-5.27, p=0.01) after adjusting for pre-existing conditions and severity of illness. Only 42% of @entity1 received at least one dose of diuretic during their hospitalization. @entity1284 on ICU discharge was independently associated with inability to ambulate on hospital discharge (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.24-4.25, p=0.01) and, in @entity1 admitted from home, discharge to a healthcare facility (OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.1-4.98, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1284 is independently associated with @entity73 and discharge to a healthcare facility in survivors of @entity326 . Prevention and treatment of @entity1284 in @entity1 with @entity326 warrants further investigation.

title: Volume Overload: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Functional Outcome in Survivors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired mobility']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['severe illness']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['Volume overload', 'volume overload']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['Septic Shock']


abstract: Seventeen consecutive @entity1 who underwent repair of postinfarction @entity9009 between 1975 and 1980 at the Yale-New Haven Medical Center are reported on. The most important prognostic indicator of a favorable outcome was the @entity1 's preoperative hemodynamic state. The mortality rate ranged from 83 percent for @entity1 in shock to no mortality in @entity1 with mild to moderate symptoms. There was a strong tendency for hemodynamic deterioration despite hemodynamic support with pharmacologic agents as well as intraaortic balloon pumping. Our review indicates that several @entity1 might have been saved if operation had been performed earlier. Based on this experience and that of others, a management plan is formulated, and we recommend early surgical intervention in all operable @entity1 with @entity9009 . In @entity1 with severe @entity1455 , we forego full cardiac catheterization, confirming the diagnosis by an @entity26 step-up in the pulmonary artery only. These @entity1 undergo operation on an urgent basis. No undue technical difficulties were related to early operation. At present, maximum survival of @entity1 with postinfarction @entity9009 may be accomplished by early surgical intervention in all operable cases.

title: Changing patterns in the surgical management of XXXX after myocardial infarction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal rupture']

answer: @entity9009 :: (MESH:D018658,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity64 case fatality is decreasing over time. Less, however, is known about @entity1 ' health-related quality of life (HRQoL), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs. We studied all these with two data sets collected in Finland 10 years apart. METHODS: A total of 468 and 355 first-ever @entity385 @entity1 were followed up 1 year in two studies (Study 1 in 1989-1991 and Study 2 in 2001-2003). Case fatality, HRQoL measured by the 15D, QALYs, costs, and first-year cost/QALY were compared. Regression analysis was used to examine the effects of various factors on QALYs. RESULTS: In the later study, the case fatality rates were lower and the mean 15D scores higher. During the follow-up year, @entity1 experienced on average 0.519 (95% CI 0.453-0.555) and 0.646 (95% CI 0.613-0.680) QALYs in Study 1 and Study 2, respectively (P < 0.001). Age, modified Rankin Scale before @entity64 onset, acute phase Scandinavian @entity64 Scale, and the study group explained the variance of QALYs. The first-year mean total costs were 10 626     and 14 603     and the mean cost/QALY 20 474     and 22 605     in Study 1 and Study 2, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Study 2 compared with Study 1 was 31 315     without and 60 684     with @entity1 characteristics standardization. CONCLUSIONS: @entity64 @entity1 ' improved outcome is clear, but it remains uncertain to what extent it is attributable to the development of care. More research is needed to study the cost-effectiveness of @entity64 care.

title: Health outcomes and costs of XXXX @entity1 in Finland.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity64 case fatality is decreasing over time. Less, however, is known about @entity1 ' health-related quality of life (HRQoL), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs. We studied all these with two data sets collected in Finland 10 years apart. METHODS: A total of 468 and 355 first-ever @entity385 @entity1 were followed up 1 year in two studies (Study 1 in 1989-1991 and Study 2 in 2001-2003). Case fatality, HRQoL measured by the 15D, QALYs, costs, and first-year cost/QALY were compared. Regression analysis was used to examine the effects of various factors on QALYs. RESULTS: In the later study, the case fatality rates were lower and the mean 15D scores higher. During the follow-up year, @entity1 experienced on average 0.519 (95% CI 0.453-0.555) and 0.646 (95% CI 0.613-0.680) QALYs in Study 1 and Study 2, respectively (P < 0.001). Age, modified Rankin Scale before @entity64 onset, acute phase Scandinavian @entity64 Scale, and the study group explained the variance of QALYs. The first-year mean total costs were 10 626     and 14 603     and the mean cost/QALY 20 474     and 22 605     in Study 1 and Study 2, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Study 2 compared with Study 1 was 31 315     without and 60 684     with @entity1 characteristics standardization. CONCLUSIONS: @entity64 @entity1 ' improved outcome is clear, but it remains uncertain to what extent it is attributable to the development of care. More research is needed to study the cost-effectiveness of @entity64 care.

title: Health outcomes and costs of @entity385 XXXX in Finland.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: Pre-clinical and few clinical studies suggest that transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNC) improves heart function in dilated @entity296 . Our objective was to determine if intracoronary injection of autologous BMNC improves the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial with a follow-up of 12 months. @entity1 with @entity384 and LVEF <35% were recruited at @entity712 ambulatories in specialized hospitals around Brazil. One hundred and sixty subjects were randomized to intracoronary injection of BMNC or placebo (1:1). The primary endpoint was the difference in change of LVEF between BMNC and placebo groups as determined by echocardiography. One hundred and fifteen @entity1 completed the study. Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 24.0% (21.6-26.3) to 19.9% (15.4-24.4) in the BMNC group and from 24.3% (22.1-26.5) to 22.1% (17.4-26.8) in the placebo group. There were no significant differences in changes between cell and placebo groups for left ventricular systolic and diastolic volumes and ejection fraction. Mortality rate was 20.37% in placebo and 21.31% in BMNC. CONCLUSION: Intracoronary injection of autologous BMNC does not improve left ventricular function in @entity1 with @entity384 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00333827.

title: Multicentre, randomized, double-blind trial of intracoronary autologous mononuclear bone marrow cell injection in @entity384 (the dilated XXXX arm of the MiHeart study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy', 'NIDCM']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: AIMS: Pre-clinical and few clinical studies suggest that transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNC) improves heart function in dilated @entity296 . Our objective was to determine if intracoronary injection of autologous BMNC improves the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial with a follow-up of 12 months. @entity1 with @entity384 and LVEF <35% were recruited at @entity712 ambulatories in specialized hospitals around Brazil. One hundred and sixty subjects were randomized to intracoronary injection of BMNC or placebo (1:1). The primary endpoint was the difference in change of LVEF between BMNC and placebo groups as determined by echocardiography. One hundred and fifteen @entity1 completed the study. Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 24.0% (21.6-26.3) to 19.9% (15.4-24.4) in the BMNC group and from 24.3% (22.1-26.5) to 22.1% (17.4-26.8) in the placebo group. There were no significant differences in changes between cell and placebo groups for left ventricular systolic and diastolic volumes and ejection fraction. Mortality rate was 20.37% in placebo and 21.31% in BMNC. CONCLUSION: Intracoronary injection of autologous BMNC does not improve left ventricular function in @entity1 with @entity384 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00333827.

title: Multicentre, randomized, double-blind trial of intracoronary autologous mononuclear bone marrow cell injection in XXXX (the dilated @entity296 arm of the MiHeart study).

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plasma consists of DNA released from multiple tissues within the body. Using genome-wide @entity9736 sequencing of plasma DNA and deconvolution of the sequencing data with reference to methylation profiles of different tissues, we developed a general approach for studying the major tissue contributors to the circulating DNA pool. We tested this method in pregnant @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity157 , and subjects following bone marrow and liver transplantation. In most subjects, white blood cells were the predominant contributors to the circulating DNA pool. The placental contributions in the plasma of pregnant @entity1 correlated with the proportional contributions as revealed by fetal-specific genetic markers. The graft-derived contributions to the plasma in the transplant recipients correlated with those determined using donor-specific genetic markers. @entity1 with @entity157 showed elevated plasma DNA contributions from the liver, which correlated with measurements made using @entity5 -associated copy number aberrations. In @entity157 @entity1 and in pregnant @entity1 exhibiting copy number aberrations in plasma, comparison of methylation deconvolution results using genomic regions with different copy number status pinpointed the tissue type responsible for the aberrations. In a pregnant @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity706 during pregnancy, methylation deconvolution indicated a grossly elevated contribution from B cells into the plasma DNA pool and localized B cells as the origin of the copy number aberrations observed in plasma. This method may serve as a powerful tool for assessing a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions based on the identification of perturbed proportional contributions of different tissues into plasma.

title: Plasma DNA tissue mapping by genome-wide methylation sequencing for noninvasive prenatal, XXXX , and transplantation assessments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Poverty is correlated with negative health outcomes in pediatric primary care, and is emerging as a negative prognostic indicator in pediatric oncology. However, measures of poverty amenable to targeted intervention, such as @entity3129 ( @entity3129 )-including food, energy, and housing insecurity-have not been described in pediatric oncology. We describe the trajectory of family reported @entity3129 and income poverty at a pediatric oncology referral center in New England with high psychosocial supports. PROCEDURE: Single site, prospective cohort study including 99 English-speaking families of @entity1 receiving chemotherapy for primary @entity5 . Families completed face-to-face surveys at two time-points: (1) Within 30 days of @entity1 's diagnosis (T1) (N   =   99, response rate 88%); (2) 6-months following diagnosis (T2) (N   =   93, response rate 94%). @entity3129 was assessed in three domains: food, energy, and housing insecurity. RESULTS: Twenty percent of families reported low-income ( <=200% Federal Poverty Level) and at least one @entity3129 prior to their @entity1 's diagnosis. At T2, 25% of families lost >40% annual household income secondary to treatment-related work disruptions, and 29% of families reported @entity3129 despite utilization of psychosocial supports. CONCLUSIONS: Low-income and @entity3129 are prevalent in a significant proportion of newly diagnosed pediatric oncology families at a large referral center. Despite psychosocial supports, the proportion of families experiencing unmet basic needs increases during chemotherapy to nearly one in three families. @entity3129 provides a quantifiable and remediable measure of poverty in pediatric oncology. Interventions to ameliorate this concrete component of poverty could benefit a significant proportion of pediatric oncology families. Pediatr @entity5    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Trajectory of material hardship and income poverty in families of XXXX undergoing chemotherapy: A prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3129 :: ('MESH:D005119', 'Disease') :: ['household material hardship', 'HMH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Blood Cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Ten cases of @entity2585 in @entity1 during a 25 year period were reviewed. Infection occurred in five @entity1 and five @entity1 with a mean age of 9 1/6 years. None had prior bursal disease. Direct @entity130 or local @entity281 preceded the @entity2585 in seven @entity1 . The involved bursae were prepatellar (eight), olecranon (one), and subacromial (one). Presenting signs included @entity221 with localized swelling, @entity925 , and erythema; superficial fluctuance and painless joint motion were helpful diagnostic findings. Bursal fluid cultures yielded @entity794 (nine) and @entity4195 (one). Surgical therapy included needle aspiration (three), incision and drainage (three), and both procedures (four). Antimicrobial therapy was given to nine @entity1 ; four received only oral antimicrobials. Nine @entity1 including all who received oral antimicrobials recovered rapidly without apparent sequelae. One @entity1 's course was complicate by @entity4034 and @entity5414 . @entity2585 is an uncommon @entity281 in @entity1 and should be differentiated from cellulitis and @entity5414 . Rapid recovery is usually seen with appropriate therapy.

title: XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['patellar osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['bursitis', 'Septic bursitis', 'septic bursitis']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity2585 :: (MESH:D002062,Disease) :: ['Septic bursitis']


abstract: Both clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated an increased risk of @entity295 after splenectomy. The importance of the spleen in clearing a bacterial challenge from pneumococci or other encapsulated organisms is now well accepted. The role of the spleen in handling a @entity2259 due to nonencapsulated (Gram negative) organisms is not well established. @entity35 were subjected to either sham operation or splenectomy. Two weeks after surgery, all animals received 10(6) @entity526 by intraperitoneal injection. Tail vein blood samples for quantitative culture were obtained at multiple time intervals after the bacterial challenge. All animals developed a @entity2259 . Initially, the mean bloodstream bacterial counts were comparable in the sham and splenectomy groups. Sham-operated @entity35 cleared all bacteria from the bloodstream within 240 minutes. In contrast, 240 minutes after bacterial injection, @entity526 could still be recovered from the blood of asplenic @entity35 at levels comparable to those noted at the start of the experiment. The present study shows that splenectomy does impair the animal's ability to clear a @entity2259 .

title: The effect of splenectomy on gram-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['fatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Gram-negative bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: Between a March and December of 1979, and outbreak of @entity281 due to multiply antibiotic resistant @entity5134 took place in a 50-bed neonatal intensive care unit. Fifteen neonates suffered major @entity281 ( @entity295 , @entity693 and @entity55 ) with one @entity204 , and 20 suffered minor @entity281 ( @entity2024 , @entity2335 , @entity2737 ). Epidemiologic investigation failed to reveal a common source; @entity5134 , however, ws isolated from an employee's hand, emollient skin cleanser, suction tubing, and three in-use manual @entity1 resuscitation bags. The skin cleanser and equipment-cleaning agents were ineffective against @entity5134 . Asymptomatic, colonized @entity1 were the major reservoir of @entity5134 . These @entity1 were identified by daily cultures of the nose, umbilicus and rectum. The rectal swab most commonly (76%) yielded first-positive cultures in previously uncolonized @entity1 , and was ultimately positive in 92% of colonized @entity1 . A control program was begun by: 1) removing all inanimate sources of @entity5134 ; and 2) cohorting @entity1 and staff into a @entity5134 -exposed group and a new @entity1 group. The new @entity1 group of @entity1 was surveyed by daily triple-site cultures for colonization and subsequent transfer to the @entity5134 -exposed group. After four months, the @entity3082 was controlled and the organism eradicated from the neonatal intensive care unit.

title: Epidemic XXXX in a neonatal intensive care unit: importance of the gastrointestinal tract as a reservoir.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens', 'S marcescens', 'S. marcescens']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity5134 :: (615,Species) :: ['Serratia marcescens']


abstract: @entity1522 utilization comprises two phases, cellular uptake and intracellular metabolism. The paper reviews reports on @entity535 uptake in different species and at different stages of lactation and presents new data on changes at lactogenesis. The relative importance of changes in factors which determine uptake, mammary blood flow, arterial concentration, and mammary extraction, are discussed. In addition to direct incorporation into milk protein, some absorbed @entity1522 are an energy source and @entity505 precursors of other @entity1522 synthesized in mammary cells. Branched-chain @entity1522 and @entity7222 act as @entity1568 precursors in these syntheses. @entity7222 , which is derived partly from absorbed @entity369 , is also a precursor of @entity11667 , a postulated intracellular mediator of hormone action. The question of whether milk protein yield is limited by supply to the mammary gland of certain @entity1522 is discussed. Much evidence indicates the importance of certain essential @entity1522 that are transferred stoichiometrically from blood to milk. Results of experiments involving administration of exogenous @entity52283 to @entity1237 are presented. Increases in milk yield and protein yield are associated with increased rates of mammary blood flow, emphasizing the role of the latter in determining uptake.

title: XXXX utilization by lactating mammary gland.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acids', 'amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['Ornithine', 'ornithine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['Amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical patterns in young Chinese @entity1 (less than 40  years old) with @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ) and the outcome of primary open surgery. METHODS: Thirty-four young @entity1 , with histologically confirmed @entity1544 between 1985 and 2005 at Qilu Hospital and Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, who underwent primary open surgery were retrospectively evaluated according to the clinical patterns in comparison with 374 non-young @entity1 (older than 40  years). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival rate. The relevance of smoking, @entity5 location, @entity5 -node- @entity3 (TNM) staging, lymph node involvement, @entity5 size, and histological differentiation to overall survival was tested by multivariate analysis. RESULTS: There was a significantly higher rate of smoking (p   =   0.020) in the non-young @entity1 compared to the young @entity1 , but no significant difference was observed in @entity285 consumption, @entity5 location, @entity5 size, TNM staging, lymph node @entity3 , histological grade, and 5-year overall survival. One-year survival rates were 100  %, 3-year survival rates were 79.41  %, and 5-year survival rates were 67.65  %. In the multivariate analysis, lymph node involvement (p   =   0.006), @entity5 stage (p   =   0.022), and @entity5 size (p   =   0.004) proved to be significant predictors of overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of smoking was significantly higher in non-young @entity1 compared to young @entity1 . Primary surgery with or without radiotherapy may provide a value treatment option for young @entity1544 . Nodal status, @entity5 stage, and @entity5 size were the primary determinants of overall survival in multivariate analysis. These data may provide useful information for counseling and treatment planning.

title: The role of primary surgical treatment in young XXXX with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: a 20-year review of 34 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['LSCC', 'laryngeal squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fibroblastic foci profusion on histopathology and severity of traction @entity4595 on highresolution computed tomography (HRCT) have been shown to be predictors of mortality in @entity1 with @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fibroblastic foci (FF) profusion and HRCT patterns in @entity1 with a histopathologic diagnosis of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ), fibrotic @entity401 ( @entity401 ) and @entity56 ( @entity56 ). METHODS: The HRCT scans of 162 @entity1 with a histopathologic diagnosis of @entity2416 or @entity401 (n   =   162) were scored on extent of groundglass opacification, reticulation, honeycombing, @entity2415 and severity of traction @entity4595 . For each @entity1 , a fibroblastic foci profusion score based on histopathologic appearances was assigned. Relationships between extent of fibroblastic foci and individual HRCT patterns were investigated using univariate correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression. RESULTS: Increasing extent of reticulation (P   <   0.0001) and increasing severity of traction @entity4595 (P   <   0.0001) were independently associated with increasing FF score within the entire cohort. Within individual multidisciplinary team diagnosis subgroups, the only significant independent association with FF score was severity of traction @entity4595 in @entity1 with @entity2416 ( @entity2416 )/ @entity2416 (n   =   66, r(2)   =   0.19, P   <   0.0001) and @entity1 with @entity56 ( @entity56 ) (n   =   49, r(2)   =   0.45, P   <   0.0001). Furthermore, FF score had the strongest association with severity of traction @entity4595 in @entity1 with @entity2416 (r(2)   =   0.34, P   <   0.0001) and @entity56 (r(2)   =   0.35, P   <   0.0001). There was no correlation between FF score and severity of traction @entity4595 in @entity1 with @entity401 . Global disease extent had the strongest association with severity of traction @entity4595 in @entity1 with @entity401 (r(2)   =   0.58, P   <   0.0001). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity358 , profusion of fibroblastic foci is strikingly related to the severity of traction @entity4595 , particularly in @entity2416 and @entity56 . This may explain the growing evidence that traction @entity4595 is a predictor of mortality in several @entity358 .

title: Relationship between fibroblastic foci profusion and high resolution CT morphology in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['UIP', 'usual interstitial pneumonia', 'IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lung disease', 'fibrotic lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['CHP', 'chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['NSIP', 'fibrotic NSIP', 'non-specific interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['fibrotic lung disease']


abstract: Five hundred fifty-nine @entity1 undergoing aortocoronary operation were analyzed retrospectively according to the type of myocardial protection implemented during the period of @entity63 . In Group 1 (253 @entity1 ), a rapid method of hypothermic cardioplegia alone was utilized. In Group 2 (306 @entity1 ), slower infusion of the same solution with topical @entity2332 was implemented. Cardiac isoenzymes (CPK-MB, LDH1, LDH2, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT]) and @entity583 index (MII) were measured postoperatively for 48 hours. Immediately after operation, a significant difference was found between Groups 1 and 2 in the CPK-MB isoenzyme mean value levels--12.1 versus 18.6 IU, p less than 0.01--and MII mean values--5.2 versus 8.1, p less than 0.01. CPK-MB variances between subgroups receiving two, three, and four grafts were significantly different in favor of Group 1. Differences were also found in LDH1, LDH2, total lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and SGOT: Group 2 levels were significantly higher than in Group 1. There were ten intraoperative @entity1188 in Group 2 and none in Group 1. In 45% of the @entity1 in Group 2, inotropic agents were necessary in the postoperative period versus none in Group 1. Spontaneous cardiac rhythm following @entity63 occurred in 89.7% of the @entity1 in group 1 versus 29% in Group 2. A method of pressurized high-flow rapid cardioplegia with intermittent reperfusions alone, seems to provide adequate protection of the myocardium during @entity63 over a slower low-flow method of infusion combined with topical @entity2332 .

title: Pressurized rapid cardioplegia versus administration of exogenous substrate and topical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1643 is among the leading causes of medical visits and lost duty days among members of the United States Armed Forces and represents the highest 5-year risk of @entity2319 in the US Army. For certain elements of care, the timing may be just as important as the type of care. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the timing of access to a physical therapist by @entity1 with @entity1643 , by looking at outcomes and @entity1643 -related healthcare utilization over a 1-year period. METHODS/DESIGN: This trial will be a two-arm pragmatic randomized clinical trial occurring at two different clinical sites in the Military Health System. We will assess outcomes and related downstream costs for @entity1 who access physical therapy at the primary care level compared to those that receive usual care only. There will be 220 consecutive @entity1 randomized to receive care in either group (early physical therapy or usual care only) for the first 4  weeks, and these @entity1 will then be allowed to receive any additional care dictated by their primary care provider for the following year. The primary outcome measure is the @entity717 Index. Secondary outcome measures are the Global Rating of Change, @entity1 Satisfaction and 1-year healthcare utilization. Follow-ups will occur at 4  weeks, 3  months and 1  year. DISCUSSION: This trial takes a pragmatic approach to delivering care by enabling a usual care environment for managing @entity1643 , while also allowing immediate access to physical therapy. After the initial intervention, the @entity1 's primary provider can continue to manage the @entity1 as he/she normally would in practice. The Military Health System Data Repository will capture all @entity1643 -related healthcare utilization that occurs in order to allow for a comparison between groups. Analysis from retrospective cohorts has shown improved outcomes and decreased costs for @entity1 that received early versus late physical therapy, but this has yet to be shown in prospective trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT01556581 initially on 14 March 2012.

title: COMParative Early Treatment Effectiveness between physical therapy and usual care for XXXX (COMPETE): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent disability']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship between maternal body composition and foetal development is unclear. AIM: To determine the relationship between maternal body composition [fat mass (FM) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 )] and foetal growth and birth weight, independent of potential confounding factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This study consisted of 92 @entity1 , normal and overweight/obese, recruited from the Instituto Fernandes Figueira in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Body composition (FM and @entity1386 ) was estimated using bioelectrical impedance. Foetal growth was assessed using serial ultrasound measurements at the second and third trimester and @entity1 's weight and length were measured at birth. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the association between maternal FM and @entity1386 and birth weight adjusted for gestational age (BWt) and change in estimated foetal weight (  EFW), controlling for @entity1 gender, maternal serum @entity413 , energy intake, parity, height and income. RESULTS: Maternal FM, but not @entity1386 , was positively associated with BWt (p   =   0.02) and borderline with   EFW (p   =   0.05). FM expressed as a percentage of body weight (%FM) showed a significant positive association with BWt (p   <   0.001) and   EFW (p   <   0.01). Using backward linear regression analysis, FM was a significant predictor of BWt (p   <   0.001) and   EFW (p   =   0.03), but not change in femur length. CONCLUSION: In this small sample of normal and overweight/obese @entity1 , maternal FM at mid-pregnancy is associated with neonatal BW and foetal growth.

title: Maternal fat mass at mid-pregnancy and birth weight in Brazilian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['FFM', 'fat-free mass']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes are expressed in the brain; however, their role in hippocampus-dependent and cortex-dependent cognitive functions remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to comparatively investigate the effects of @entity5230 , a selective @entity16538 inhibitor, and @entity12698 , a selective COX  -II inhibitor, on cognitive functions in an @entity15484  -induced @entity2359 @entity19 model to understand the specific role of each COX enzyme in the hippocampus and cortex. The @entity15484 (250  mg/kg) was administered to the @entity19 in drinking water and the drugs were administered in feed for 30  days. Assessments of memory, including a Morris water maze, social behavior and nesting behavior were performed in control and treated @entity19 . The RNA expression of the COX enzymes were analyzed using reverse transcription  -quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. An ex  -vivo @entity15792 assay was performed in the hippocampus and cortex. Following 30  days of treatment with thedrugs, the @entity19 in the @entity12698  - and @entity5230  -treated groups exhibited enhanced learning (6.84  0.76 and 9.20  1.08, respectively), compared with the @entity15484  -induced @entity2359 group (21.14  0.76) on the fifth  day of the Morris water maze test. @entity12698 treatment improved social affiliation in the @entity15484  -induced @entity2359 group, the results of which were superior to @entity5230 . @entity5230 led to better improvement in nesting score in the @entity15484  -induced @entity2359 group. Both drugs decreased the expression levels of @entity16538 and COX  -II in the hippocampus and cortex, and rescued oxidative stress levels. These findings suggested that each drug distinctly affected cognitive functions, highlighting the distinctive roles of @entity16538 and COX-II in learning and memory.

title: Cyclooxygenase I and II inhibitors distinctly enhance hippocampal- and cortex-dependent cognitive functions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam', 'Piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib', 'Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity15792 :: ('MESH:C004931', 'Chemical') :: ['2,2  -Diphenyl  -1  -picrylhydrazyl']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy within pelvis is a vital component of curative therapy for urological, gynecological and rectal malignances. Rectum is especially vulnerable to @entity1161 resulting in @entity4272 . The most common and life-threatening symptom is @entity548 . @entity406 application into the rectum causes local cauterization of @entity33 . The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of local @entity406 application in @entity1 with @entity548 . METHODS: A solution of 4.0% @entity406 was used in the treatment of 20 @entity1 with clinical and proctoscopic evidence of radiadion @entity4272 . Treatment involved direct application of 4.0% @entity406 into the rectum. All @entity1 were followed-up in terms of complete resolution of symptoms or recurrences of @entity548 . RESULTS: A total of 20 @entity1 with a mean age of 69.7 (range, 57-80) years were followed for 51.2 (range, 1-93) months. The mean duration of symptoms was 4.5 (range, 1-10) months and the interval between the end of radiotherapy and symptoms was mostly between 5 and 30 months. @entity1 required an average of 2 (range, 1-5) @entity406 treatments. Of the 20 @entity1 , 10 had complete resolution of their symptoms after their first treatment. In 10 @entity1 @entity548 recurred and they were offered another @entity406 instillation and/or @entity3504 suppositories and @entity3503 therapy. Complete resolution of symptoms was achieved in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity406 instillation is effective, safe, and well-tolerated method for the @entity1 with @entity1161 . This therapy may be repeated in case of recurrent @entity548 and combined with other methods of treatment.

title: @entity406 therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic radiation proctitis', 'bleeding', 'rectal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['secondary radiation injury', 'radiation proctopathy']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectatic mucosal vessels']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin', 'Formalin']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic radiation proctitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy within pelvis is a vital component of curative therapy for urological, gynecological and rectal malignances. Rectum is especially vulnerable to @entity1161 resulting in @entity4272 . The most common and life-threatening symptom is @entity548 . @entity406 application into the rectum causes local cauterization of @entity33 . The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of local @entity406 application in @entity1 with @entity548 . METHODS: A solution of 4.0% @entity406 was used in the treatment of 20 @entity1 with clinical and proctoscopic evidence of radiadion @entity4272 . Treatment involved direct application of 4.0% @entity406 into the rectum. All @entity1 were followed-up in terms of complete resolution of symptoms or recurrences of @entity548 . RESULTS: A total of 20 @entity1 with a mean age of 69.7 (range, 57-80) years were followed for 51.2 (range, 1-93) months. The mean duration of symptoms was 4.5 (range, 1-10) months and the interval between the end of radiotherapy and symptoms was mostly between 5 and 30 months. @entity1 required an average of 2 (range, 1-5) @entity406 treatments. Of the 20 @entity1 , 10 had complete resolution of their symptoms after their first treatment. In 10 @entity1 @entity548 recurred and they were offered another @entity406 instillation and/or @entity3504 suppositories and @entity3503 therapy. Complete resolution of symptoms was achieved in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity406 instillation is effective, safe, and well-tolerated method for the @entity1 with @entity1161 . This therapy may be repeated in case of recurrent @entity548 and combined with other methods of treatment.

title: XXXX therapy for @entity548 .

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['Formalin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is the drug of choice for pharmacological treatment of @entity71 . Studies have pointed to the role of @entity413 and @entity880 as well as in the action mechanisms of drugs used to treat these @entity146 . Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effects of @entity7541 administration on @entity880 release and @entity413 uptake in the brains of young and adult @entity35 . METHODS: @entity7541 (1.0, 2.0 and 10.0mg/kg) or saline was injected in young and adult @entity35 male @entity35 either acutely (once) or chronically (once daily for 28 days). Then, the levels of @entity880 release and @entity413 uptake were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum and cerebral cortex. RESULTS: Chronic @entity7541 treatment increased @entity413 uptake at the dose of 10.0mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, and at the dose of 2.0mg/kg in the cerebral cortex of young @entity35 . In adult @entity35 , an increase in @entity413 uptake was observed after acute administration of @entity7541 at the dose of 10.0mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex. After chronic treatment, there was an increase in @entity413 uptake with @entity7541 doses of 2.0 and 10.0mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex, and at an @entity7541 dose of 2.0mg/kg in the striatum of adult @entity35 . The @entity880 release did not change with either acute or chronic treatments in young or adult @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that @entity7541 increases @entity413 consumption in the brain, and that these changes are dependent on age and posology.

title: @entity2727 increases XXXX uptake in the brain of young and adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is the drug of choice for pharmacological treatment of @entity71 . Studies have pointed to the role of @entity413 and @entity880 as well as in the action mechanisms of drugs used to treat these @entity146 . Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effects of @entity7541 administration on @entity880 release and @entity413 uptake in the brains of young and adult @entity35 . METHODS: @entity7541 (1.0, 2.0 and 10.0mg/kg) or saline was injected in young and adult @entity35 male @entity35 either acutely (once) or chronically (once daily for 28 days). Then, the levels of @entity880 release and @entity413 uptake were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum and cerebral cortex. RESULTS: Chronic @entity7541 treatment increased @entity413 uptake at the dose of 10.0mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, and at the dose of 2.0mg/kg in the cerebral cortex of young @entity35 . In adult @entity35 , an increase in @entity413 uptake was observed after acute administration of @entity7541 at the dose of 10.0mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex. After chronic treatment, there was an increase in @entity413 uptake with @entity7541 doses of 2.0 and 10.0mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex, and at an @entity7541 dose of 2.0mg/kg in the striatum of adult @entity35 . The @entity880 release did not change with either acute or chronic treatments in young or adult @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that @entity7541 increases @entity413 consumption in the brain, and that these changes are dependent on age and posology.

title: XXXX increases @entity413 uptake in the brain of young and adult @entity35 .

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['Methylphenidate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is the drug of choice for pharmacological treatment of @entity71 . Studies have pointed to the role of @entity413 and @entity880 as well as in the action mechanisms of drugs used to treat these @entity146 . Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effects of @entity7541 administration on @entity880 release and @entity413 uptake in the brains of young and adult @entity35 . METHODS: @entity7541 (1.0, 2.0 and 10.0mg/kg) or saline was injected in young and adult @entity35 male @entity35 either acutely (once) or chronically (once daily for 28 days). Then, the levels of @entity880 release and @entity413 uptake were assessed in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum and cerebral cortex. RESULTS: Chronic @entity7541 treatment increased @entity413 uptake at the dose of 10.0mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, and at the dose of 2.0mg/kg in the cerebral cortex of young @entity35 . In adult @entity35 , an increase in @entity413 uptake was observed after acute administration of @entity7541 at the dose of 10.0mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex. After chronic treatment, there was an increase in @entity413 uptake with @entity7541 doses of 2.0 and 10.0mg/kg in the prefrontal cortex, and at an @entity7541 dose of 2.0mg/kg in the striatum of adult @entity35 . The @entity880 release did not change with either acute or chronic treatments in young or adult @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that @entity7541 increases @entity413 consumption in the brain, and that these changes are dependent on age and posology.

title: @entity2727 increases @entity413 uptake in the brain of young and adult XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: This study aimed to assess the relationship between objective measures of cognition and subjective perception of cognitive functioning reported by @entity1 with @entity302 and their caregivers. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 with @entity302 attending hospital neurology outpatient clinics and their caregivers were enrolled in this study. The EpiTrack   (version 1) brief cognitive screening tool was used to measure objective impairment, the ABNAS questionnaire (A-B Neuropsychological Assessment Schedule) to assess subjective cognitive performance, and a version of the ABNAS designed to be completed by caregivers (C-ABNAS) to document caregivers' views. @entity1 @entity148 and @entity308 were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS) and considered as covariates. @entity1 with an uncertain diagnosis of @entity302 or likely severe comorbid mood or @entity148 were excluded. RESULTS: Data from 82 @entity1 were analyzed after exclusion of @entity1 with uncertain diagnoses or likely severe comorbid mood or @entity148 . Fifty-nine (72%) had a degree of objective @entity73 . Fifty (84.7%) of these 59 @entity1 had 'high' ABNAS scores concordant with the objective assessment, and 43 (72.9%) had high C-ABNAS scores matching the abnormalities detected by objective screening. Of the 23 (28%) @entity1 without objective @entity73 , seven (30.4%) had concordantly low ABNAS scores, and 10 (43.4%) had concordantly low C-ABNAS scores. @entity1 @entity2414 was more often reported by @entity1 themselves than by caregivers (p=0.011). Carers were significantly more likely to rate @entity1 as having impaired motor coordination than @entity1 themselves. A small part of the variance of the EpiTrack score was predicted by the C-ABNAS. Objective cognitive performance did not predict ABNAS or C-ABNAS scores. CONCLUSIONS: Self-report or caregiver report questionnaires identify @entity1 with @entity302 and objective @entity73 more accurately than @entity1 with intact cognition. Those without objective evidence of @entity73 may, nevertheless, perceive themselves as having @entity2414 ; it is these @entity1 , therefore, who most require both subjective and objective assessments of cognition, including carers' assessments, in order to establish the nature of their symptoms. None of these assessment measures can be used as a reliable proxy for another, each contributes individually to a comprehensive assessment of cognition, and all must be used in conjunction with measures of mood and @entity148 .

title: @entity73 in adults with XXXX : The relationship between subjective and objective assessments of cognition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory dysfunction', 'memory impairment']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: AIM: This study aimed to assess the relationship between objective measures of cognition and subjective perception of cognitive functioning reported by @entity1 with @entity302 and their caregivers. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 with @entity302 attending hospital neurology outpatient clinics and their caregivers were enrolled in this study. The EpiTrack   (version 1) brief cognitive screening tool was used to measure objective impairment, the ABNAS questionnaire (A-B Neuropsychological Assessment Schedule) to assess subjective cognitive performance, and a version of the ABNAS designed to be completed by caregivers (C-ABNAS) to document caregivers' views. @entity1 @entity148 and @entity308 were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS) and considered as covariates. @entity1 with an uncertain diagnosis of @entity302 or likely severe comorbid mood or @entity148 were excluded. RESULTS: Data from 82 @entity1 were analyzed after exclusion of @entity1 with uncertain diagnoses or likely severe comorbid mood or @entity148 . Fifty-nine (72%) had a degree of objective @entity73 . Fifty (84.7%) of these 59 @entity1 had 'high' ABNAS scores concordant with the objective assessment, and 43 (72.9%) had high C-ABNAS scores matching the abnormalities detected by objective screening. Of the 23 (28%) @entity1 without objective @entity73 , seven (30.4%) had concordantly low ABNAS scores, and 10 (43.4%) had concordantly low C-ABNAS scores. @entity1 @entity2414 was more often reported by @entity1 themselves than by caregivers (p=0.011). Carers were significantly more likely to rate @entity1 as having impaired motor coordination than @entity1 themselves. A small part of the variance of the EpiTrack score was predicted by the C-ABNAS. Objective cognitive performance did not predict ABNAS or C-ABNAS scores. CONCLUSIONS: Self-report or caregiver report questionnaires identify @entity1 with @entity302 and objective @entity73 more accurately than @entity1 with intact cognition. Those without objective evidence of @entity73 may, nevertheless, perceive themselves as having @entity2414 ; it is these @entity1 , therefore, who most require both subjective and objective assessments of cognition, including carers' assessments, in order to establish the nature of their symptoms. None of these assessment measures can be used as a reliable proxy for another, each contributes individually to a comprehensive assessment of cognition, and all must be used in conjunction with measures of mood and @entity148 .

title: XXXX in adults with @entity302 : The relationship between subjective and objective assessments of cognition.

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: In the present study the effect of @entity284 (M) on gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the @entity35 hypothalamus was investigated. The specificity of the M effect was demonstrated by injecting M (100 ng) and the M antagonist, @entity1510 (5 ng), into the ventromedial hypothalamus. A significant drop in the blood @entity251 level (p less than 0.05) 15 min following M injection and reversal following @entity1510 administration suggest a decrease in synthesis or release of @entity7438 . To determine whether the @entity7438 response to @entity935 (DA) is altered by M, studies were conducted in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro study hypothalami were incubated with M (10(-7) M), DA (10(-7) M), DA plus M, and DA plus M plus @entity1510 . Supernatants from the incubate were used to coincubate pituitaries in order to study the effect on luteinizing hormone release. Treatment of the hypothalamus with M had no effect on basal but inhibited the DA-stimulated release of @entity7438 . For the in vivo study @entity35 were pretreated with decarboxylase inhibitor ( @entity18776 ) followed by treatment per kilogram body weight with M (10 mg), L-dopa (1, 10, and 100 mg), L-dopa plus M, @entity7438 (500 ng), and M plus @entity7438 . M had no effect on the @entity7438 -induced increase in @entity251 levels, whereas the L-dopa-induced increase in @entity251 was blunted by M treatment. It is concluded that M blocks the DA-mediated release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the @entity35 hypothalamus.

title: @entity284 blocks XXXX -mediated release of gonadotropins in @entity35 hypothalamus.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: In the present study the effect of @entity284 (M) on gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the @entity35 hypothalamus was investigated. The specificity of the M effect was demonstrated by injecting M (100 ng) and the M antagonist, @entity1510 (5 ng), into the ventromedial hypothalamus. A significant drop in the blood @entity251 level (p less than 0.05) 15 min following M injection and reversal following @entity1510 administration suggest a decrease in synthesis or release of @entity7438 . To determine whether the @entity7438 response to @entity935 (DA) is altered by M, studies were conducted in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro study hypothalami were incubated with M (10(-7) M), DA (10(-7) M), DA plus M, and DA plus M plus @entity1510 . Supernatants from the incubate were used to coincubate pituitaries in order to study the effect on luteinizing hormone release. Treatment of the hypothalamus with M had no effect on basal but inhibited the DA-stimulated release of @entity7438 . For the in vivo study @entity35 were pretreated with decarboxylase inhibitor ( @entity18776 ) followed by treatment per kilogram body weight with M (10 mg), L-dopa (1, 10, and 100 mg), L-dopa plus M, @entity7438 (500 ng), and M plus @entity7438 . M had no effect on the @entity7438 -induced increase in @entity251 levels, whereas the L-dopa-induced increase in @entity251 was blunted by M treatment. It is concluded that M blocks the DA-mediated release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the @entity35 hypothalamus.

title: XXXX blocks @entity935 -mediated release of gonadotropins in @entity35 hypothalamus.

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['Methadone']


abstract: In the present study the effect of @entity284 (M) on gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the @entity35 hypothalamus was investigated. The specificity of the M effect was demonstrated by injecting M (100 ng) and the M antagonist, @entity1510 (5 ng), into the ventromedial hypothalamus. A significant drop in the blood @entity251 level (p less than 0.05) 15 min following M injection and reversal following @entity1510 administration suggest a decrease in synthesis or release of @entity7438 . To determine whether the @entity7438 response to @entity935 (DA) is altered by M, studies were conducted in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro study hypothalami were incubated with M (10(-7) M), DA (10(-7) M), DA plus M, and DA plus M plus @entity1510 . Supernatants from the incubate were used to coincubate pituitaries in order to study the effect on luteinizing hormone release. Treatment of the hypothalamus with M had no effect on basal but inhibited the DA-stimulated release of @entity7438 . For the in vivo study @entity35 were pretreated with decarboxylase inhibitor ( @entity18776 ) followed by treatment per kilogram body weight with M (10 mg), L-dopa (1, 10, and 100 mg), L-dopa plus M, @entity7438 (500 ng), and M plus @entity7438 . M had no effect on the @entity7438 -induced increase in @entity251 levels, whereas the L-dopa-induced increase in @entity251 was blunted by M treatment. It is concluded that M blocks the DA-mediated release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the @entity35 hypothalamus.

title: @entity284 blocks @entity935 -mediated release of gonadotropins in XXXX hypothalamus.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Nine prepubertal obese @entity1 ages 9 1/2 to 12 yr followed moderately restricted diets and moderate exercise routine for 31 wk. Foods were selected from the family's basic diet and the physical activities were tailored to the home environment. This dietary (approximate decrease of 600 kcal/day) and activity (approximate increase of 300 kcal/day) intervention program was sufficient to stop weight gain and normalize key metabolic indices for prediction of @entity731 , @entity101 , and @entity6 . Throughout the treatment period serum lipid responses included significantly lower (p less than 0.05) total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein- @entity165 and @entity1674 . High-density lipoprotein- @entity165 was constant throughout the period. Responses in @entity1735 metabolism included significantly lower (p less than 0.05) fasting @entity2690 and @entity413 . @entity2690 and @entity413 levels were positively correlated with total caloric consumption and @entity2690 was also positively correlated with @entity969 consumption (p less than 0.05). Fasting @entity2690 / @entity413 ratios and glycosylated Hb decreased throughout the treatment period, but serum glucagon levels remained constant. In response to a @entity413 load, @entity2690 and @entity413 decreased significantly by wk 31 of treatment. A practical approach for normalizing metabolism in obese male @entity1 is presented.

title: Moderate diet control in XXXX : the effects on metabolic indicators that predict obesity-related degenerative diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A ten-year follow-up study of @entity64 among residents 40 years and older in a rural community located on Shikoku Island, Japan, was completed in 1977. The response rate for the initial examinations was 85% of 920 males and 90% of 1,012 females. Seven hundred and seventy-two males and 901 females who were initially free of @entity64 were followed from July 1967 through June 1977. The incidence of all @entity64 was 10.47 per thousand @entity1 -years for males and 6.41 per thousand @entity1 -years for females. The statistically significant risk factors for @entity64 were age, male sex, elevated blood pressure, ECG abnormalities, and @entity854 . Elevated blood pressure was the strongest risk factor and mean arterial pressure was the best predictive measure. Twice as high a proportion of @entity64 were subclassified as @entity1779 (26%) in this study as have been reported in comparable studies in the United States (12-15%). An inverse relationship between serum @entity165 levels and @entity1779 incidence, but not @entity385 , was observed. High @entity167 intake was a risk factor for @entity1779 but not for @entity385 . No relationship between @entity64 and weight was observed despite the relationship of @entity64 to blood pressure and of weight to blood pressure.

title: Risk factors for XXXX and @entity385 in a Japanese rural community.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['funduscopic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarct']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: A ten-year follow-up study of @entity64 among residents 40 years and older in a rural community located on Shikoku Island, Japan, was completed in 1977. The response rate for the initial examinations was 85% of 920 males and 90% of 1,012 females. Seven hundred and seventy-two males and 901 females who were initially free of @entity64 were followed from July 1967 through June 1977. The incidence of all @entity64 was 10.47 per thousand @entity1 -years for males and 6.41 per thousand @entity1 -years for females. The statistically significant risk factors for @entity64 were age, male sex, elevated blood pressure, ECG abnormalities, and @entity854 . Elevated blood pressure was the strongest risk factor and mean arterial pressure was the best predictive measure. Twice as high a proportion of @entity64 were subclassified as @entity1779 (26%) in this study as have been reported in comparable studies in the United States (12-15%). An inverse relationship between serum @entity165 levels and @entity1779 incidence, but not @entity385 , was observed. High @entity167 intake was a risk factor for @entity1779 but not for @entity385 . No relationship between @entity64 and weight was observed despite the relationship of @entity64 to blood pressure and of weight to blood pressure.

title: Risk factors for @entity1779 and XXXX in a Japanese rural community.

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: 20 @entity308 and 16 obsessive compulsive in- @entity1 who took part at a psychoanalytic group psychotherapy were reexamined 2--9 years later. The question was pursued whether there are relations between data of life history and severity of @entity11167 on the one hand and outcome on the other hand. On account of further individual and group psychotherapy after discharge different durations of treatment were reached. Their influence on the outcome was studied. The findings were: 1. Some data concerning education, profession/capacity for work, contact, sexuality/partnership could be related to favorable and unfavorable outcomes. 2. It was possible too, to find relations between items which characterize the severity of @entity11167 and outcome. 3. Longer duration of treatment results in significant better outcomes. 4. A tendency was found, that changes of @entity1314 traits in comparison with symptomatic improvement are more close connected with duration of treatment than with severity of @entity11167 .

title: [Prognostic criteria in institutional group psychotherapy of XXXX and compulsive neurotic @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic personality']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic depressive']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['neurotically depressed']