abstract: @entity1800 (avian paramyxovirus-1) was isolated from pigeons in 12 states between May 1984 and December 1985. One of the isolates was from a feral pigeon; the remainder were from privately owned pigeon lofts. Use of monoclonal antibodies showed seven of the eight isolates tested to be indistinguishable from the 1982 and 1983 Great Britain and European isolates. Clinical signs were @entity912 , torticollis, @entity400 , incoordination, and @entity204 . Pigeons inoculated with the paramyxovirus-1 isolates intravenously or intramuscularly developed clinical disease identical to that described for natural infection; however, only one pigeon inoculated intranasally developed clinical signs. The mean @entity204 time for inoculated pigeons was 9.5 days, with a range of 4 to 25. Virus was shed for up to 20 days. Primary lesions observed on necropsy were gastroenterocolitis and @entity39 . @entity1573 experimentally infected by the cloacal, intranasal, or caudal thoracic air-sac route remained healthy. However, the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in day-old @entity1573 was similar to that observed with velogenic @entity1800 isolates. Four of six isolates inoculated intravenously into 6-week-old @entity1573 induced @entity66 .

title: Characterization of XXXX (avian paramyxovirus-1) isolated from pigeons.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['neurotropic disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'Chickens']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Newcastle disease virus']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['Newcastle disease virus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH) is a treatable @entity16 that appears in older adults, lacks specific diagnostic criteria, and resembles symptoms seen in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Presently, differentiating NPH from @entity195 in the early stages of symptom presentation remains difficult. This study established whether olfactory testing may be useful in this regard. In addition, we determined whether olfactory function of NPH @entity1 differed before and after @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ), as well as six months after surgical implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-two NPH @entity1 (mean age=77.6yrs), 14 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age=79.9yrs), and 7 @entity195 @entity1 (mean age=75.5yrs) were administered the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Eighteen of the 22 NPH @entity1 were also tested following @entity2649 and 8 @entity1 were tested six months following implantation of VP shunt. RESULTS: Prior to @entity2649 , @entity1 with NPH scored significantly higher on the UPSIT than those with @entity195 [respective means (SDs)=26.9 (7.1) _ 14.1 (4.7)]. While the mean NPH score was significantly below that of the matched controls [control mean (SD)=32.7 (6.7)], their test scores were nonetheless within the general normal range, as determined from published normative data (48th percentile). The UPSIT scores did not differ significantly among the three longitudinal time points in the NPH @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Olfactory testing may be useful in differentiating between @entity1 with NPH and @entity1 with @entity195 . Odor identification test scores of NPH @entity1 are not influenced by the release of intracranial pressure via @entity2649 or six months following implantation of a VP shunt.

title: Olfactory ability in normal pressure XXXX as compared to @entity195 and healthy controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['ELD', 'extended lumbar drainage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH) is a treatable @entity16 that appears in older adults, lacks specific diagnostic criteria, and resembles symptoms seen in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Presently, differentiating NPH from @entity195 in the early stages of symptom presentation remains difficult. This study established whether olfactory testing may be useful in this regard. In addition, we determined whether olfactory function of NPH @entity1 differed before and after @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ), as well as six months after surgical implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-two NPH @entity1 (mean age=77.6yrs), 14 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age=79.9yrs), and 7 @entity195 @entity1 (mean age=75.5yrs) were administered the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Eighteen of the 22 NPH @entity1 were also tested following @entity2649 and 8 @entity1 were tested six months following implantation of VP shunt. RESULTS: Prior to @entity2649 , @entity1 with NPH scored significantly higher on the UPSIT than those with @entity195 [respective means (SDs)=26.9 (7.1) _ 14.1 (4.7)]. While the mean NPH score was significantly below that of the matched controls [control mean (SD)=32.7 (6.7)], their test scores were nonetheless within the general normal range, as determined from published normative data (48th percentile). The UPSIT scores did not differ significantly among the three longitudinal time points in the NPH @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Olfactory testing may be useful in differentiating between @entity1 with NPH and @entity1 with @entity195 . Odor identification test scores of NPH @entity1 are not influenced by the release of intracranial pressure via @entity2649 or six months following implantation of a VP shunt.

title: Olfactory ability in normal pressure @entity1276 as compared to XXXX and healthy controls.

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) exhibit poor decision-making, and the underlying neural correlates are unclear. We used voxel-based morphometry with Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration through Exponentiated Lie algebra to examine this issue. METHODS: The decision-making abilities of 20 @entity1 with @entity191 and 37 healthy controls (HCs) were measured with a computerized Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). We assessed the local gray matter volumes of the @entity1 and HCs and their correlations with decision-making performance, disease duration, disease severity, and anti- @entity304 medication dose. RESULTS: Compared with the HCs, the @entity1 with @entity191 exhibited poor IGT performances. The gray matter volumes in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, @entity550 , and right middle frontal gyrus were decreased in the @entity1 . Results in the regression analysis showed that lateral orbitofrontal volume correlated with performance in the IGT in @entity191 . Regions that correlated with disease duration, severity, and medication dose did not overlap with orbitofrontal regions. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the lateral and medial orbitofrontal cortex are related to decision-making in @entity191 @entity1 . Since the medial orbitofrontal cortex is shown to be involved in monitoring reward, reward monitoring seems to be impaired as a whole in @entity191 @entity1 . Meanwhile, the lateral region is related to evaluation of punishment, which is considered to have an influence on individual differences in decision-making performance in @entity191 @entity1 .

title: Decision-making performance in XXXX correlates with lateral orbitofrontal volume.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior temporal cortex']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have reported that @entity1 with @entity161 have @entity73 . Here we developed a simple music-based assay to assess @entity1 's ability to associate a minor chord with sadness. We further characterize correlations between impaired musical responses and @entity146 symptoms. METHOD: We exposed @entity1 sequentially to two sets of sound stimuli, first a @entity32724 progression and chord, and second a @entity72202 progression and chord. @entity1 were asked which stimulus they associated with sadness, the first set, the second set, or neither. The severity of @entity146 symptoms was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Study @entity1 were 29 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity161 and 29 healthy volunteers matched in age, gender and musical background. RESULT: 37.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]:19.1-56.7) of @entity1 with @entity161 associated the minor chord set as sad, compared with 97.9% (95%CI: 89.5-103.6) of controls. Four @entity1 were diagnosed with treatment-resistant @entity161 , and all four failed to associate the minor chord with sadness. @entity1 who did not recognize minor chords as sad had significantly higher scores on all PANSS subscales. CONCLUSIONS: A simple test allows music-evoked emotions to be assessed in @entity161 @entity1 , and may show potential relationships between music-evoked emotions and @entity146 symptoms.

title: Music-evoked emotions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired musical abilities']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The concern over the weight gain problem continues to grow among both the international scientific community and public health authorities, since overweight and @entity28 prevalence rates continue to increase worldwide. In Chile, two out of three @entity1 are overweight, whereas 25% of the adult population is @entity28 . Abdominal fat, has been linked to the development of a number of @entity209 . Waist circumference (WC) and the waist:height ratio (WHtR) have recently been evidenced as good predictors of metabolic risk for both adults and @entity1 . Thus, the present work aims at establishing smoothed centile charts and @entity11293 tables for WC and WHtR for Chilean adults based on data from the National Health Survey-ENS, in order to have reliable information for identifying groups at risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: A sample of 4788 subjects aged 15-75 years old (mean age 46      18 years old) was considered. Body weight, height, and WC were measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) and WHtR were also determined. Percentiles were calculated using the L (curve Box-Cox), M (curve median), S (curve coefficient of variation) method. In the @entity28 group the WC cutoff values were 99.75  cm and 92.35  cm for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. The cutoff point for WHtR was 0.59 for both @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The study shows, for the first time, reference values for WC and WHtR for Chilean adults.

title: Waist circumference and waist:height ratio percentiles using XXXX method in Chilean population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity11293 :: (MESH:C535903,Disease) :: ['LMS']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity11648 ( @entity11648 ) was demonstrated to be  involved in the occurrence and development of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). The goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum @entity11648 levels and carotid intima-media thickness ( @entity6481 ) in @entity1 with a low-to-moderate @entity65 risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: Subjects with normal kidney function were selected from the Shanghai Obesity Study. Serum @entity11648 levels were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @entity6481 was measured by ultrasonography. The Framingham risk score (FRS) was used to assess @entity65 risk. A total of 392 @entity1 with low @entity65 risk and 372 @entity1 with moderate @entity65 risk were enrolled. The recognition rate of an elevated @entity6481 was 85.66% with the combination of a moderate @entity65 risk and high serum @entity11648 levels, which was greater than that with either parameter alone (65.44% and 61.03%, respectively). Subjects with high serum @entity11648 levels, and either low or moderate @entity65 risk, were more likely to have elevated @entity6481 than those with low serum @entity11648 levels and low @entity65 risk (P  =  0.014 and 0.001, respectively). The serum @entity11648 levels were independently and positively associated with @entity6481 in subjects with low or moderate @entity65 risk (both P  =  0.007). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with low-to-moderate @entity65 risk, serum @entity11648 levels were associated independently and positively with @entity6481 . As a complementary index, serum @entity11648 levels strengthen the capacity of the FRS to identify subclinical @entity731 .

title: Contribution of XXXX to Framingham risk score for identifying subclinical @entity731 in Chinese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity11648 :: ('8074', 'Gene') :: ['Fibroblast growth factor 23', 'FGF23']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity11648 :: (8074,Gene) :: ['fibroblast growth factor 23']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity11648 ( @entity11648 ) was demonstrated to be  involved in the occurrence and development of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). The goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum @entity11648 levels and carotid intima-media thickness ( @entity6481 ) in @entity1 with a low-to-moderate @entity65 risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: Subjects with normal kidney function were selected from the Shanghai Obesity Study. Serum @entity11648 levels were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @entity6481 was measured by ultrasonography. The Framingham risk score (FRS) was used to assess @entity65 risk. A total of 392 @entity1 with low @entity65 risk and 372 @entity1 with moderate @entity65 risk were enrolled. The recognition rate of an elevated @entity6481 was 85.66% with the combination of a moderate @entity65 risk and high serum @entity11648 levels, which was greater than that with either parameter alone (65.44% and 61.03%, respectively). Subjects with high serum @entity11648 levels, and either low or moderate @entity65 risk, were more likely to have elevated @entity6481 than those with low serum @entity11648 levels and low @entity65 risk (P  =  0.014 and 0.001, respectively). The serum @entity11648 levels were independently and positively associated with @entity6481 in subjects with low or moderate @entity65 risk (both P  =  0.007). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with low-to-moderate @entity65 risk, serum @entity11648 levels were associated independently and positively with @entity6481 . As a complementary index, serum @entity11648 levels strengthen the capacity of the FRS to identify subclinical @entity731 .

title: Contribution of @entity11648 to Framingham risk score for identifying subclinical XXXX in Chinese @entity1 .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity11648 ( @entity11648 ) was demonstrated to be  involved in the occurrence and development of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). The goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum @entity11648 levels and carotid intima-media thickness ( @entity6481 ) in @entity1 with a low-to-moderate @entity65 risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: Subjects with normal kidney function were selected from the Shanghai Obesity Study. Serum @entity11648 levels were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @entity6481 was measured by ultrasonography. The Framingham risk score (FRS) was used to assess @entity65 risk. A total of 392 @entity1 with low @entity65 risk and 372 @entity1 with moderate @entity65 risk were enrolled. The recognition rate of an elevated @entity6481 was 85.66% with the combination of a moderate @entity65 risk and high serum @entity11648 levels, which was greater than that with either parameter alone (65.44% and 61.03%, respectively). Subjects with high serum @entity11648 levels, and either low or moderate @entity65 risk, were more likely to have elevated @entity6481 than those with low serum @entity11648 levels and low @entity65 risk (P  =  0.014 and 0.001, respectively). The serum @entity11648 levels were independently and positively associated with @entity6481 in subjects with low or moderate @entity65 risk (both P  =  0.007). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with low-to-moderate @entity65 risk, serum @entity11648 levels were associated independently and positively with @entity6481 . As a complementary index, serum @entity11648 levels strengthen the capacity of the FRS to identify subclinical @entity731 .

title: Contribution of @entity11648 to Framingham risk score for identifying subclinical @entity731 in Chinese XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early onset @entity3519 ( @entity910 ) and @entity2319 in childhood pose significant challenges for @entity1 and carers and are the cause of @entity717 . It is particularly tragic when the @entity1 cannot make use of early cochlear implantation (CI) technology to relieve @entity2319 and improve language and communication, because severe cervical and truncal @entity3519 brushes off the magnetic amplifier behind the ears. Bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) neuromodulation can reduce @entity910 , thus supporting CI neuromodulation success. METHODS: We describe the importance of the order of dual neuromodulation surgery for @entity3519 and @entity2319 . First with bilateral GPi DBS using a rechargeable ACTIVA-RC neurostimulator followed 5 months later by unilateral CI with a Harmony (BTE) Advanced Bionics Hi Res 90  K cochlear device. This double neuromodulation was performed in series in a 12.5  kg 5 year-old ex-24 week gestation-born twin without a cerebellum. RESULTS: Relief of @entity910 enabled continuous use of the CI amplifier. Language understanding and communication improved. @entity3520 abated. Tolerance of sitting increased with emergence of manual function. @entity159 ensued 10 days after ACTIVA-RC removal for @entity281 at 3 years and 10 months. He required intensive care and DBS re-implantation 3 weeks later together with 8 months of hospital care. Today he is virtually back to the level of functioning before the DBS removal in 2012 and background medication continues to be slowly weaned. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates that early neuromodulation with DBS for @entity306 followed by CI for @entity2319 is beneficial. Both should be considered early i.e. under the age of five years. The DBS should precede the CI to maximise @entity3519 reduction and thus benefits from CI. This requires close working between the paediatric DBS and CI services.

title: Bilateral globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation for XXXX supports success of cochlear implantation in a 5-year old ex-24  week preterm twin with absent cerebellar hemispheres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['Dystonic storms']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection-erosion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['multiple disability']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['Status dystonicus']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['dyskinetic cerebral palsy']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity33448 (Burkill) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae) has a long history of clinical application in China for the treatment of @entity65 . @entity33448 @entity3857 (PNS) have been proven to be the major cardioprotective substances of @entity33448 (Burkill) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae). AIM OF THE STUDY: The current study further investigated the molecular mechanisms associated with the cardioprotective effect of PNS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6J @entity19 were subject to @entity3044 ( @entity8670 )-induced @entity296 in the absence or presence of PNS treatment. Histological, immunohistochemical and molecular biological approaches were taken to assess the effects of PNS treatment on @entity8670 -induced @entity296 and ensuing fibrogenesis. RESULTS: PNS treatment significantly attenuated @entity8670 -induced @entity296 and @entity82 . The expression of an anti-fibrotic microRNA, @entity40725 , was significantly decreased in @entity8670 -challenged @entity19 hearts. In contrast, PNS treatment resulted in increased cardiac expression of @entity40725 . The expression of @entity40725 target genes including Collagen (Col) 1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1 and Col5a1, fibrillin 1 (Fbn1) as well as TGFb1 was significantly increased by @entity8670 , which exhibited decreased expression by PNS intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate for the first time that the cardioprotective effects of PNS could in part implicate increased expression of @entity40725 in the heart, which may help increase the understanding of the pharmacological activities of PNS in treating @entity65 .

title: @entity40725 is implicated in the cardioprotective activity of @entity33448 XXXX against @entity3044 -induced myocardial fibrogenesis.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3857 :: ('MESH:D012503', 'Chemical') :: ['saponins']

entities_list: @entity33448 :: ('44586', 'Species') :: ['Panax notoginseng']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity3857 :: (MESH:D012503,Chemical) :: ['saponins']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity33448 (Burkill) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae) has a long history of clinical application in China for the treatment of @entity65 . @entity33448 @entity3857 (PNS) have been proven to be the major cardioprotective substances of @entity33448 (Burkill) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae). AIM OF THE STUDY: The current study further investigated the molecular mechanisms associated with the cardioprotective effect of PNS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6J @entity19 were subject to @entity3044 ( @entity8670 )-induced @entity296 in the absence or presence of PNS treatment. Histological, immunohistochemical and molecular biological approaches were taken to assess the effects of PNS treatment on @entity8670 -induced @entity296 and ensuing fibrogenesis. RESULTS: PNS treatment significantly attenuated @entity8670 -induced @entity296 and @entity82 . The expression of an anti-fibrotic microRNA, @entity40725 , was significantly decreased in @entity8670 -challenged @entity19 hearts. In contrast, PNS treatment resulted in increased cardiac expression of @entity40725 . The expression of @entity40725 target genes including Collagen (Col) 1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1 and Col5a1, fibrillin 1 (Fbn1) as well as TGFb1 was significantly increased by @entity8670 , which exhibited decreased expression by PNS intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate for the first time that the cardioprotective effects of PNS could in part implicate increased expression of @entity40725 in the heart, which may help increase the understanding of the pharmacological activities of PNS in treating @entity65 .

title: @entity40725 is implicated in the cardioprotective activity of XXXX @entity3857 against @entity3044 -induced myocardial fibrogenesis.

answer: @entity33448 :: (44586,Species) :: ['Panax notoginseng']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity33448 (Burkill) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae) has a long history of clinical application in China for the treatment of @entity65 . @entity33448 @entity3857 (PNS) have been proven to be the major cardioprotective substances of @entity33448 (Burkill) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae). AIM OF THE STUDY: The current study further investigated the molecular mechanisms associated with the cardioprotective effect of PNS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6J @entity19 were subject to @entity3044 ( @entity8670 )-induced @entity296 in the absence or presence of PNS treatment. Histological, immunohistochemical and molecular biological approaches were taken to assess the effects of PNS treatment on @entity8670 -induced @entity296 and ensuing fibrogenesis. RESULTS: PNS treatment significantly attenuated @entity8670 -induced @entity296 and @entity82 . The expression of an anti-fibrotic microRNA, @entity40725 , was significantly decreased in @entity8670 -challenged @entity19 hearts. In contrast, PNS treatment resulted in increased cardiac expression of @entity40725 . The expression of @entity40725 target genes including Collagen (Col) 1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1 and Col5a1, fibrillin 1 (Fbn1) as well as TGFb1 was significantly increased by @entity8670 , which exhibited decreased expression by PNS intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate for the first time that the cardioprotective effects of PNS could in part implicate increased expression of @entity40725 in the heart, which may help increase the understanding of the pharmacological activities of PNS in treating @entity65 .

title: @entity40725 is implicated in the cardioprotective activity of @entity33448 @entity3857 against XXXX -induced myocardial fibrogenesis.

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoproterenol']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity33448 (Burkill) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae) has a long history of clinical application in China for the treatment of @entity65 . @entity33448 @entity3857 (PNS) have been proven to be the major cardioprotective substances of @entity33448 (Burkill) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae). AIM OF THE STUDY: The current study further investigated the molecular mechanisms associated with the cardioprotective effect of PNS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57BL/6J @entity19 were subject to @entity3044 ( @entity8670 )-induced @entity296 in the absence or presence of PNS treatment. Histological, immunohistochemical and molecular biological approaches were taken to assess the effects of PNS treatment on @entity8670 -induced @entity296 and ensuing fibrogenesis. RESULTS: PNS treatment significantly attenuated @entity8670 -induced @entity296 and @entity82 . The expression of an anti-fibrotic microRNA, @entity40725 , was significantly decreased in @entity8670 -challenged @entity19 hearts. In contrast, PNS treatment resulted in increased cardiac expression of @entity40725 . The expression of @entity40725 target genes including Collagen (Col) 1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1 and Col5a1, fibrillin 1 (Fbn1) as well as TGFb1 was significantly increased by @entity8670 , which exhibited decreased expression by PNS intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate for the first time that the cardioprotective effects of PNS could in part implicate increased expression of @entity40725 in the heart, which may help increase the understanding of the pharmacological activities of PNS in treating @entity65 .

title: XXXX is implicated in the cardioprotective activity of @entity33448 @entity3857 against @entity3044 -induced myocardial fibrogenesis.

answer: @entity40725 :: (387224(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['miR-29c']


abstract: The action of @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) on extramural coronary arteries (CA) of @entity235 , @entity1707 , and @entity1 was tested in vitro. @entity3451 dilated precontracted @entity235 CA in @entity734 on the state of endothelium. This dilation was mediated through muscarinic receptors since @entity3897 inhibited it effectively. Preparations without active precontraction were not influenced at all or slightly dilated. Both @entity1 and porcine CA were exclusively contracted by @entity3451 independently of the presence or absence of precontraction. The @entity3451 contraction in porcine CA was found to be endothelium-independent, but also inhibited by @entity3897 as well as the @entity3451 contraction in @entity1 CA. Adrenoceptor blockers did not influence @entity3451 reactivity. High concentrations of @entity3451 (greater than 10(-5) mol/l) decreased the further responsiveness of the vessels to the mediator (tested in @entity235 and @entity1707 only). Spontaneous mechanical activity was registered only in @entity1 CA. Different @entity3451 reactivity in @entity235 compared with @entity1707 and @entity1 is interpreted as species-dependent. It must be taken into account when @entity1 coronary physiology is modeled in animals.

title: The action of XXXX on isolated coronary arteries of different species.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: Described are 26 cases of @entity145 . Of these cysts, 54% were in the sylvian cistern, three (1.2%) were in the suprasellar cistern, and the rest were over the cerebral sulci. There were symptoms of @entity410 at presentation in 30.8%, and in 23% there were symptoms of @entity1276 and compression of the brain. A total of 61.5% presented with @entity1032 and/or @entity306 . @entity130 and @entity281 accounted for 35% of these cysts. Associated @entity9670 were present in five cases. There was a male preponderance. Left-sided lesions accounted for 61.5% of the lesions. The radiologic appearances, especially of @entity1804 , and the differential diagnoses of these lesions are discussed. Their recognition and the role of surgery are stressed.

title: XXXX : computed tomography findings.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity9670 :: ('MESH:D065708', 'Disease') :: ['porencephaly']

entities_list: @entity1804 :: ('MESH:D020863', 'Disease') :: ['suprasellar cysts']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['Arachnoid cysts']


abstract: @entity9127 (CAE), an orally absorbed prodrug of @entity2261 , was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in the treatment of @entity1729 ( @entity5389 , @entity7551 , @entity1244 and @entity2172 ) in general practice in the United Kingdom. A total of 385 @entity1 aged 14 or over were enrolled in a randomized study to compare @entity9127 250 mg b.d. for 5 days with @entity115 / @entity798 ( @entity10188 , AUG) 375 mg t.d.s. for 5 days. Of 175 clinically assessable @entity1 treated with @entity9127 , 136 were cured and 33 improved (97% success rate). Of 188 assessable @entity1 given @entity10188 , 155 were cured and 29 improved (98% success rate). Sixty-four @entity1 treated with @entity9127 were evaluable for bacteriological response: 47 (73%) of the causative pathogens were eradicated, as compared with 62 of 86 (72%) in @entity1 treated with @entity10188 . Thirteen out of 181 (7%) @entity1 treated with @entity9127 experienced drug-related adverse events, including 4% with @entity294 . In the @entity10188 group 24 out of 204 (12%) @entity1 had a drug-related adverse event, including 5% with @entity294 . In conclusion, @entity9127 at a dose of 250 mg b.d. appears to be as safe and effective as @entity10188 at the higher dose of 375 mg t.d.s. in the treatment of @entity1729 .

title: A comparison of the efficacy and safety of XXXX and @entity10188 in the treatment of @entity1729 .

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity5389 :: ('MESH:D014069', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillitis']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity9127 :: ('MESH:C040738', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime axetil', 'Cefuroxime axetil']

entities_list: @entity10188 :: ('MESH:D019980', 'Chemical') :: ['Augmentin']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity9127 :: (MESH:C040738,Chemical) :: ['cefuroxime axetil']


abstract: @entity9127 (CAE), an orally absorbed prodrug of @entity2261 , was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in the treatment of @entity1729 ( @entity5389 , @entity7551 , @entity1244 and @entity2172 ) in general practice in the United Kingdom. A total of 385 @entity1 aged 14 or over were enrolled in a randomized study to compare @entity9127 250 mg b.d. for 5 days with @entity115 / @entity798 ( @entity10188 , AUG) 375 mg t.d.s. for 5 days. Of 175 clinically assessable @entity1 treated with @entity9127 , 136 were cured and 33 improved (97% success rate). Of 188 assessable @entity1 given @entity10188 , 155 were cured and 29 improved (98% success rate). Sixty-four @entity1 treated with @entity9127 were evaluable for bacteriological response: 47 (73%) of the causative pathogens were eradicated, as compared with 62 of 86 (72%) in @entity1 treated with @entity10188 . Thirteen out of 181 (7%) @entity1 treated with @entity9127 experienced drug-related adverse events, including 4% with @entity294 . In the @entity10188 group 24 out of 204 (12%) @entity1 had a drug-related adverse event, including 5% with @entity294 . In conclusion, @entity9127 at a dose of 250 mg b.d. appears to be as safe and effective as @entity10188 at the higher dose of 375 mg t.d.s. in the treatment of @entity1729 .

title: A comparison of the efficacy and safety of @entity9127 and @entity10188 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']


abstract: @entity9127 (CAE), an orally absorbed prodrug of @entity2261 , was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in the treatment of @entity1729 ( @entity5389 , @entity7551 , @entity1244 and @entity2172 ) in general practice in the United Kingdom. A total of 385 @entity1 aged 14 or over were enrolled in a randomized study to compare @entity9127 250 mg b.d. for 5 days with @entity115 / @entity798 ( @entity10188 , AUG) 375 mg t.d.s. for 5 days. Of 175 clinically assessable @entity1 treated with @entity9127 , 136 were cured and 33 improved (97% success rate). Of 188 assessable @entity1 given @entity10188 , 155 were cured and 29 improved (98% success rate). Sixty-four @entity1 treated with @entity9127 were evaluable for bacteriological response: 47 (73%) of the causative pathogens were eradicated, as compared with 62 of 86 (72%) in @entity1 treated with @entity10188 . Thirteen out of 181 (7%) @entity1 treated with @entity9127 experienced drug-related adverse events, including 4% with @entity294 . In the @entity10188 group 24 out of 204 (12%) @entity1 had a drug-related adverse event, including 5% with @entity294 . In conclusion, @entity9127 at a dose of 250 mg b.d. appears to be as safe and effective as @entity10188 at the higher dose of 375 mg t.d.s. in the treatment of @entity1729 .

title: A comparison of the efficacy and safety of @entity9127 and XXXX in the treatment of @entity1729 .

answer: @entity10188 :: (MESH:D019980,Chemical) :: ['augmentin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Even with great advances in surgery and improved clinical outcome, morbidity and mortality are still high for large volume @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ). Recently, gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for many @entity1 with intracranial @entity1653 . However, single session GKS may increase the risk of radiation-induced @entity137 for large @entity1653 . Recently, fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery (FGKS) has been performed for an increasing number of @entity1 with surgically high-risk and large @entity5 . In this study, we report our results on the efficacy and safety of FGKS for large @entity1653 . METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of 70 @entity1 who underwent GKS for large volume (>10 cm(3)) intracranial @entity1653 between 2004 and 2015, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The authors classified these @entity1 into two groups of single-session GKS, fractionated GKS (FGKS). The @entity1 were followed by clinical examination as well as serial imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: In the single-session GKS group (42 @entity1 ), the median @entity5 volume was 15.2 cm(3) (range 10.3-48.3 cm(3)); the median prescription dose was 12 Gy (range 8-14 Gy), and the median follow-up duration was 57.8 months (range 14.5-128.4 months). In the FGKS group (28 @entity1 ), the median @entity5 volume was 21 cm(3) (range 10.2-54.7 cm(3)), and the median prescription was 7.5 Gy in 2 fractions (range 5-8 Gy), 6 Gy in 3 fractions (range 5-6.5 Gy), 4.5 Gy in 4 fractions. The median follow-up duration for the FGKS group was 50 months (range 12.5-90.6 months). The overall 5-year @entity5 control rate was 92.9% in the FGKS group and 88.1% in the single-session GKS group. Fourteen (33.3%) symptomatic complications after single session GKS were noted, including 5 cases of @entity1269 , 4 of @entity410 , 3 of peritumoral @entity4 , and 2 of @entity1276 . Two (7.1%) symptomatic complications after FGKS were noted, including 2 cases of @entity1269 . The FGKS group had higher progression free survival (PFS) rate at 5 years (92.9% vs. 88.1%), but the differences did not reach statistical significance (p=0.389). The @entity1 in the FGKS group, however, experienced a lower complication rate compared with @entity1 with single session GKS group (p=0.017, hazard ratio, 5.7: 1). CONCLUSION: When the large-volume (>10 cm(3)) intracranial @entity1653 are expected to have high morbidity after microsurgery and for @entity1 that have a poor medical status for surgery, FGKS can be considered a good alternative with @entity5 control and lower complications rates compared with single-session GKS (p=0.017).

title: Is fractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery a safe and effective treatment approach for large volume (>10 cm(3)) XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors', 'good tumor']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'MNGs']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['intracranial meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated certain hemodynamic characteristics featuring the @entity397 status of @entity438 using computational fluid dynamics. These studies were conducted based on the comparison of a large number of ruptured and @entity439 . However, not only @entity439 size and location but also perianeurysm environment, such as @entity548 and intracranial pressure, affect hemodynamic changes. We hypothesized that a case in which ruptured and unruptured @entity438 simultaneously exist in the same location would be an ideal model to demonstrate hemodynamic characteristics of the @entity397 status. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report 2 rare cases with @entity510 , each of which involved 2 @entity439 at the common parent artery. One @entity1 had 2 anterior communicating @entity438 , and the other @entity1 had 2 middle cerebral @entity438 . Preoperative morphologic and hemodynamic examinations were performed to diagnose the @entity397 status of the 2 @entity439 , and each ruptured @entity439 was then confirmed during surgical clipping. Morphologic evaluation revealed higher shape indexes in both @entity1756 . Lower wall shear stress, wall shear stress gradient, and @entity439 formation indicator were observed in both @entity1756 . In contrast, @entity1756 had a higher oscillatory shear index and oscillatory velocity index, which was the novel hemodynamic parameter to quantify the fluctuation of flow velocity vector. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative characterization of the hemodynamic environment can distinguish the @entity397 status by using appropriate models minimizing certain bias caused by @entity510 and @entity439 location.

title: Hemodynamic Differences Between Ruptured and Unruptured XXXX Simultaneously Existing in the Same Location: 2 Case Reports and Proposal of a Novel Parameter Oscillatory Velocity Index.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post endovascular @entity449 repair (EVAR) @entity1070 and the need for reintervention are challenging. Additional endovascular treatment is advised for Type Ia @entity1070 detected on post-EVAR completion angiogram. This study analyzes management and late outcome of these @entity1070 . @entity1 POPULATION AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected date of EVAR @entity1 during a 10-year period. All post-EVAR Type Ia @entity1070 on completion angiogram were identified (Group A) and their early (30-day) and late outcomes were compared to @entity1 without @entity1070 (Group B). A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival analysis, sac expansion, late Type Ia endoleak, and reintervention. RESULTS: 71/565 (12.6%) @entity1 had immediate post-EVAR Type Ia endoleak. Early intervention (proximal aortic cuffs and/or stenting) was used in 56/71 (79%) in Group A versus 31/494 (6%) in Group B (p<0.0001). Late Type Ia endoleak was noted in nine @entity1 (13%) in Group A at a mean follow-up of 28 months versus 10 @entity1 (2%) in Group B at a mean follow-up of 32 months (p<0.0001). Late sac expansion and reintervention rates were: 9% and 10% for Group A versus 5% and 3% for Group B (p=0.2698 and p-0.0198), respectively. Freedom rates from late Type Ia @entity1070 at 1, 3, and 5 years for Group A were 88%, 85%, and 80% versus 98%, 98%, and 96% for Group B (p<0.001); and for late intervention, 94%, 92%, and 77% for Group A, and 99%, 97%, and 95% for Group B (p=0.007), respectively. Survival rates were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate post-EVAR Type Ia @entity1070 are associated with higher rates of early interventions and late @entity1070 and re-intervention, which will necessitate strict post-EVAR surveillance.

title: Management of Immediate Post-Endovascular XXXX Repair Type Ia Endoleaks and Late Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: Weanling gilts were fed either a 12% or 16% protein diet for 10 weeks. Animals fed the 12% protein diet had reduced body weights and @entity851 as measured in the distal radial growth plate. There was no difference in the growth plate widths between the two animal groups, but there was a significant reduction in the daily rate of cell production in the proliferative zone of animals fed the 12% protein diet. No effect of diet on the rate of expansion of the epiphysis at the articular-epiphyseal junction of the distal femur or humerus could be detected. All animals in both groups had morphologic cartilage lesions consistent with early changes associated with @entity6995 ( @entity6995 ), and there was no difference in the lesion morphology between the dietary groups. Areas of disorderly endochondral ossification in the radial growth plate were associated with perpendicular growth cartilage infractions. Growth plate lesions were characterized by increased widths of the maturing cartilage zone without increased width of the proliferative zone or an increase in the daily rate of cell production. Focal growth plate lesions developed because of a transitory inhibition of cartilage mineralization and resorption. Disorderly foci of endochondral ossification beneath articular cartilage were characterized by an area of chondrocyte @entity39 which prevented normal cartilage matrix mineralization. Lamellae of cartilage @entity39 were also present within the reserve zone of the articular cartilage. These were associated with abnormalities of the cartilage canal vessels, and chondrocyte @entity39 was considered to precede degenerative changes in articular cartilage matrix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of diet on longitudinal bone growth and XXXX in swine.

entities_list: @entity6995 :: ('MESH:D055034', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'osteochondrosis']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['reduced longitudinal bone growth']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity6995 :: (MESH:D055034,Disease) :: ['osteochondrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether some of the most often used @entity2184 cell lines resemble their original @entity5 . METHODS: Analysis of the literature, @entity1 charts, histopathology, mutations, chromosome status, HLA type, and expression of melanocyte markers on cell lines and their @entity5 . We examined five cell lines and the @entity5 from which they were derived. RESULTS: Four of the five examined @entity5 were unusual: one occupied the orbit, two were recurrences after prior irradiation, and one developed in an eye with a @entity13687 . One cell line did not contain the @entity10159 mutation, but it was present in the @entity5 . Three of the @entity5 had monosomy 3 (two of these lacked @entity10162 expression); however, all five cell lines showed disomy 3 and @entity10162 expression. All of the cell lines had gain of 8q. Two cell lines lacked expression of melanocyte markers, although these were present in the corresponding @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: All cell lines could be traced back to their original @entity2184 . Four of the five @entity5 were unusual. Cell lines often differed from their @entity5 in chromosome status and melanocyte markers. However, their specific chromosome aberrations and capacity to continue proliferation characterize them as @entity2184 cell lines.

title: XXXX Cell Lines: Where do they come from? (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity13687 :: ('MESH:D009507', 'Disease') :: ['nevus of Ota']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['Uveal Melanoma']


abstract: Motor fluctuations and non-response to carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet) therapy are major problems in the long-term management of @entity191 . Levodopa manipulation, addition of adjuvants, and drug holidays are often unsuccessful. Others have shown that the clinical state of stabilized Parkinsonians can be reversed with intravenous administration of large neutral @entity1522 . Reasoning that dietary protein might precipitate motor oscillations and non-response, a low-protein daytime diet (7 g) was offered to fifteen @entity1 . Eighty-six percent of this sample demonstrated immediate sensitivity to Sinemet. While on a low-protein diet, @entity1 ' clinical function was predominantly choreatic. Eight @entity1 required a 10-60 percent reduction in their daily levodopa dose in order to minimize this choreatic tendency. Discontinuation of adjuvants did not compromise motor independence. Conversely, while on a high-protein diet (160 g), @entity1 were predominantly immobile with markedly elevated plasma @entity535 and levodopa levels. Consequently, elimination of dietary protein from breakfast and lunch can offer an effective and easily modified method for the amelioration of motor fluctuations and non-response to Sinemet in @entity191 during working hours.

title: Dietary method for reducing fluctuations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: @entity1 with @entity15 frequently have gait deficits that lead to diminished activities of daily living. Identification of motoneuron activity patterns may elucidate new insight into @entity717 and underlying neural systems. The aim of the present study was to investigate @entity121 , identified by motor modules and their activation profiles, in @entity1 with @entity15 (PwMS) during walking compared to those of @entity392 ( @entity392 ), as well as, exploring relationship of @entity121 with walking ability of PwMS. Methods: Seventeen PwMS walked at their natural speed while 12 @entity392 walked at slower than their natural speeds in order to provide normative gait values at matched speeds (spatio-temporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters and electromyography signals). Non-negative matrix factorization was used to identify @entity121 from eight muscles. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the similarity of motor modules between PwMS and @entity392 . To assess differences in module activations, each module's activation timing was integrated over 100% of gait cycle and the activation percentage was computed in six phases. Results: Fifty-nine% of PwMS and 58% of @entity392 had 4 modules while the remaining of both populations had 3 modules. Module 2 (related to soleus, medial, and lateral gastrocnemius primarily involved in mid and terminal stance) and Module 3 (related to tibialis anterior and rectus femoris primarily involved in early stance, and early and late swing) were comparable across all subjects regardless of synergies number. PwMS had shorter stride length, longer double support phase and push off deficit with respect to @entity392 (p < 0.05). The alterations of activation timing profiles of specific modules in PwMS were associated with their walking deficits (e.g., the reduction of Module 2 activation percentage index in terminal stance, PwMS 35.55    13.23 vs. @entity392 50.51    9.13% p < 0.05, and the push off deficit, PwMS 0.181    0.136 vs. @entity392 0.291    0.062 w/kg p < 0.05). Conclusion: During gait PwMS have synergies numbers similar to healthy @entity1 . Their neurological deficit alters modular control through modifications of the timing activation profiles rather than module composition. These changes were associated with their main @entity73 , @entity425 , and prolonged double support.

title: Are Modular Activations Altered in Lower Limb Muscles of @entity1 with XXXX during Walking? Evidence from Muscle Synergies and Biomechanical Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle synergies']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['walking impairment']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'healthy subjects']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['impaired locomotor coordination']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: @entity1 with @entity15 frequently have gait deficits that lead to diminished activities of daily living. Identification of motoneuron activity patterns may elucidate new insight into @entity717 and underlying neural systems. The aim of the present study was to investigate @entity121 , identified by motor modules and their activation profiles, in @entity1 with @entity15 (PwMS) during walking compared to those of @entity392 ( @entity392 ), as well as, exploring relationship of @entity121 with walking ability of PwMS. Methods: Seventeen PwMS walked at their natural speed while 12 @entity392 walked at slower than their natural speeds in order to provide normative gait values at matched speeds (spatio-temporal, kinematic, and kinetic parameters and electromyography signals). Non-negative matrix factorization was used to identify @entity121 from eight muscles. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the similarity of motor modules between PwMS and @entity392 . To assess differences in module activations, each module's activation timing was integrated over 100% of gait cycle and the activation percentage was computed in six phases. Results: Fifty-nine% of PwMS and 58% of @entity392 had 4 modules while the remaining of both populations had 3 modules. Module 2 (related to soleus, medial, and lateral gastrocnemius primarily involved in mid and terminal stance) and Module 3 (related to tibialis anterior and rectus femoris primarily involved in early stance, and early and late swing) were comparable across all subjects regardless of synergies number. PwMS had shorter stride length, longer double support phase and push off deficit with respect to @entity392 (p < 0.05). The alterations of activation timing profiles of specific modules in PwMS were associated with their walking deficits (e.g., the reduction of Module 2 activation percentage index in terminal stance, PwMS 35.55    13.23 vs. @entity392 50.51    9.13% p < 0.05, and the push off deficit, PwMS 0.181    0.136 vs. @entity392 0.291    0.062 w/kg p < 0.05). Conclusion: During gait PwMS have synergies numbers similar to healthy @entity1 . Their neurological deficit alters modular control through modifications of the timing activation profiles rather than module composition. These changes were associated with their main @entity73 , @entity425 , and prolonged double support.

title: Are Modular Activations Altered in Lower Limb Muscles of XXXX with @entity15 during Walking? Evidence from Muscle Synergies and Biomechanical Analysis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Persons']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies report reduced interoceptive @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) using various methods. Recent research suggests that different levels of interoceptive processes aiming at different subdomains of interoceptive abilities must be further distinguished as these levels can be differentially affected. Two important levels refer to interoceptive accuracy (IA) derived from objective performance tasks such as the heartbeat detection task and interoceptive sensibility (IS) as assessed by self-report. There is a lack of studies investigating both IA and IS in @entity1278 and examining them in the time course of therapy. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the different interoceptive processes - especially IA and IS - in the time course of therapy. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity1278 (restricting type) from the Psychosomatic Clinic in Windach were investigated three times (T1, T2, T3) during a standardized cognitive-behavioral therapy and compared with 15 matched healthy controls assessed at Ulm University in a comparable design. All @entity1 performed the heartbeat detection task examining IA and completed standard psychological assessments including an assessment of IS. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity1278 showed a significantly decreased weight, higher levels of @entity308 , and both reduced IA and IS compared to healthy controls at T1. Following therapy, @entity1 recovered in terms of weight and @entity308 symptomatology. A descriptive trend for recovering from IA and IS was observed. DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that interoceptive deficits are present in recovered @entity1 . Therefore, further investigations are needed with more @entity1 , differentiating between relapsed and recovered @entity1 , and more specific training methods to improve interoceptive processes.

title: Interoceptive XXXX in the Time Course of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: A Pilot Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['abilities in anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Processes in Anorexia Nervosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Altered emotional processing, including reduced emotion facial expression and defective emotion recognition, has been reported in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). However, few studies have objectively investigated facial expression abnormalities in @entity191 using neurophysiological techniques. It is not known whether altered facial expression and recognition in @entity191 are related. OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible deficits in facial emotion expression and emotion recognition and their relationship, if any, in @entity1 with @entity191 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity191 and 16 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Facial expressions of emotion were recorded using a 3D optoelectronic system and analyzed using the facial action coding system. Possible deficits in emotion recognition were assessed using the Ekman test. @entity1 were assessed in one experimental session. Possible relationship between the kinematic variables of facial emotion expression, the Ekman test scores, and clinical and demographic data in @entity1 were evaluated using the Spearman's test and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The facial expression of all six basic emotions had slower velocity and lower amplitude in @entity1 in comparison to healthy controls (all Ps   <   0.05). @entity1 also yielded worse Ekman global score and disgust, sadness, and fear sub-scores than healthy controls (all Ps   <   0.001). Altered facial expression kinematics and emotion @entity51 were unrelated in @entity1 (all Ps   >   0.05). Finally, no relationship emerged between kinematic variables of facial emotion expression, the Ekman test scores, and clinical and demographic data in @entity1 (all Ps   >   0.05). CONCLUSION: The results in this study provide further evidence of altered emotional processing in @entity191 . The lack of any correlation between altered facial emotion expression kinematics and emotion @entity51 in @entity1 suggests that these abnormalities are mediated by separate pathophysiological mechanisms.

title: Altered Kinematics of Facial Emotion Expression and Emotion Recognition Deficits Are Unrelated in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['recognition deficits']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Breeding @entity7243 relies on a phenotypic recurrent selection that takes advantage of the vegetative propagation of this crop. Successive stages of selection (single row trial-SRT; preliminary yield trial-PYT; advanced yield trial-AYT; and uniform yield trials UYT), gradually reduce the number of genotypes as the plot size, number of replications and locations increase. An important feature of this scheme is that, because of the clonal, reproduction of @entity7243 , the same identical genotypes are evaluated throughout these four successive stages of selection. For this study data, from 14 years (more than 30,000 data points) of evaluation in a sub-humid tropical environment was consolidated for a meta-analysis. Correlation coefficients for fresh root yield (FRY), dry matter content (DMC), @entity894 ( @entity894 ), and plant type score (PTS) along the different stages of selection were estimated. DMC and PTS measured in different trials showed the highest correlation coefficients, indicating a relatively good repeatability. @entity894 had an intermediate repeatability, whereas FRY had the lowest value. The association between @entity894 and FRY was lower than expected, suggesting that @entity894 in early stages was not reliable as indirect selection for FRY in later stages. There was a consistent decrease in the average performance of clones grown in PYTs compared with the earlier evaluation of the same genotypes at SRTs. A feasible explanation for this trend is the impact of the environment on the physiological and nutritional status of the planting material and/or epigenetic effects. The usefulness of @entity894 is questioned. Measuring this variable takes considerable efforts at harvest time. DMC and FRY showed a weak positive association in SRT (r = 0.21) but a clearly negative one at UYT (r = -0.42). The change in the relationship between these variables is the result of selection. In later stages of selection, the plant is forced to maximize productivity on a dry weight basis either by maximizing FRY or DMC, but not both. Alternatively, the plant may achieve high dry root yield by simultaneously attaining "acceptable" (but not maximum) levels of FRY and DMC.

title: XXXX Breeding II: Phenotypic Correlations through the Different Stages of Selection.

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['HIN', 'harvest index']

answer: @entity7243 :: (3983,Species) :: ['Cassava']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drought stress is a major abiotic stress threatening plant and crop productivity. In case of fleshy fruits, understanding mechanisms governing water and @entity505 accumulations and identifying genes, QTLs and phenotypes, that will enable trade-offs between fruit growth and quality under @entity51 ( @entity51 ) condition is a crucial challenge for breeders and growers. In the present work, 117 recombinant inbred lines of a population of @entity523 were phenotyped under control and @entity51 conditions. Plant water status, fruit growth and composition were measured and data were used to calibrate a process-based model describing water and @entity505 fluxes in a growing fruit as a function of plant and environment. Eight genotype-dependent model parameters were estimated using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm in order to minimize the prediction errors of fruit dry and fresh mass throughout fruit development. @entity51 increased the fruit dry matter content (up to 85%) and decreased its fresh weight (up to 60%), big fruit size genotypes being the most sensitive. The mean normalized root mean squared errors of the predictions ranged between 16-18% in the population. Variability in model genotypic parameters allowed us to explore diverse genetic strategies in response to @entity51 . An interesting group of genotypes could be discriminated in which (i) the low loss of fresh mass under @entity51 was associated with high active uptake of @entity3363 and low value of the maximum cell wall extensibility, and (ii) the high dry matter content in control treatment (C) was associated with a slow decrease of mass flow. Using 501 SNP markers genotyped across the genome, a QTL analysis of model parameters allowed to detect three main QTLs related to xylem and phloem conductivities, on chromosomes 2, 4, and 8. The model was then applied to design ideotypes with high dry matter content in C condition and low fresh @entity393 in @entity71 . The ideotypes outperformed the RILs especially for large and medium fruit-size genotypes, by combining high pedicel conductance and high active uptake of @entity3363 . Interestingly, five small fruit-size RILs were close to the selected ideotypes, and likely bear interesting traits and alleles for adaptation to @entity51 .

title: Model-Assisted Estimation of the Genetic Variability in Physiological Parameters Related to XXXX Fruit Growth under Contrasted Water Conditions.

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['WD condition']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Water Deficit', 'WD']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['Solanum lycopersicum']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['mass loss']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['Tomato']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is a common disease of the airways with a significant burden for the society and for @entity1 ' quality of life. The Social Impact of Respiratory Integrated Outcomes (SIRIO) study estimated a mean cost of 1,177.40     per @entity1 /year in Italy, in 2007. The aim of the present study was to update the cost of persistent @entity565 @entity1 in Italy. METHODS: An observational, retrospective, bottom-up analysis was carried out starting from the data base operating in the Lung Unit of the Specialist Medical Centre (CEMS), Verona (Italy), over the period June 2013-December 2015. @entity1 ' data were recorded over the 12        2  months before the enrollment and during 12        2  months of follow-up. The prospective was the Italian National Health Service and the broad Italian society. Clinical data were measured in terms of forced expiratory volume in 1  s (FEV1%) and number of relapses. Healthcare resources (namely; number of hospitalizations and/or ER admissions; number of visits; drug use and duration, and indirect costs) were recorded. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 817 @entity1 with persistent @entity565 of different severity. They had a 42.96% male prevalence; a mean (  SE) age of 49.06 (  0.64) years; a mean 87.47% (  0.81) FEV1% pred. in baseline, and 69.16% of subjects had comorbidities. The mean (  SE) number of relapses was 0.91 (  0.09) per @entity1 /year before the enrolment. After 12  months, FEV1% significantly improved by +6.31% (  0.45) from the corresponding baseline value (p    <   0.001). The number of relapses decreased of -0.46 (  0.09) (p    <   0.001). The estimated total annual cost per @entity748 @entity1 was 1,183.14     (  65.79    ) during the 12  months before the enrolment, and 1,290.89     (  68.74    ) throughout the follow-up. The increase was mostly due to the significantly increased duration of therapeutic strategies. The costs of hospitalization, general practitioner and rescue medications were significantly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The periodic update of cost analysis is a key to monitor the trend of main @entity565 outcomes and related expenditure over time. It allows to plan the most convenient actions in terms of prevention strategies and effective interventions, with the aim of optimizing the healthcare resources consumption and maximizing the impact on clinical outcomes and @entity1 ' quality of life. The role of an appropriate pharmacological strategy still proves crucial in minimizing @entity565 morbidity and the corresponding socio-economic impact.

title: Cost of persistent XXXX in Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The macromolecular permeability of renal capillaries and the intravascular red cell aggregation resulting from 45 min of warm ischaemia were investigated. The effects of the @entity3624 oxidase inhibitor @entity208 on these factors and also on the post-ischaemic nephron function were also studied. Following ischaemia there was a more than 10-fold increase in the transport from plasma to renal hilar lymph both of plasma proteins and of two isomers of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH)-the nearly neutral LDH-M4 and the negatively charged LDH-H4. The ischaemia also resulted in massive intravascular red cell aggregation, especially in the renal medulla. Through reduction of plasma @entity3624 oxidase activity from 13.1 +/- 1.1 microU microliter-1 (mean +/- SEM) to essentially zero by @entity208 , the capillary leakiness was substantially diminished with almost complete normalization after 120 min. At the same time the relative volume of trapped red cells was reduced; in the inner stripe of the outer medulla, for example, it decreased from 11.3 +/- 1.7% in untreated animals to 4.0 +/- 1.1% after treatment with 20 mg of @entity208 given intravenously 3 h before the ischaemia. Oral feeding with 4 mg of @entity208 day-1 for one week gave essentially the same result. The net driving force for filtration after treatment with this drug was thus 19 mmHg, as against 26 mmHg in the normal kidney and the resulting SNGFR was half the normal. The total filtration rate was proportionally more reduced to less than 1/3 of the normal. @entity6554 was still present but was not as severe as in untreated kidneys (Karlberg et al., 1982b) where the tubular fluid flow and thereby the filtration are essentially zero. It is suggested that @entity26 free radicals increased the macromolecular permeability and the adhesiveness of white blood cells and that these two factors combined underlie the aggregation of red blood cells in the medullary vasa recta with consequent persistence of medullary ischaemia.

title: Renal capillary permeability and intravascular red cell aggregation after ischaemia. I. Effects of XXXX oxidase activity.

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity6554 :: ('MESH:D015499', 'Disease') :: ['Tubular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['Allopurinol']

answer: @entity3624 :: (MESH:D019820,Chemical) :: ['xanthine']


abstract: AIMS: To determine occupational association with @entity209 among auto technicians and school teachers. METHODS: One hundred and sixty six subjects were selected for this study. Clinical data was obtained while laboratory investigations including plasma @entity413 and lipid profile were performed. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 20.0. P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS: School teachers had significantly higher mean total @entity165 and LDL- @entity165 compared to auto technicians. Mean serum @entity1674 was significantly higher among auto-technicians compared to school teachers in this study. The prevalence of some conventional cardiovascular risk factors was significantly higher among auto-technicians compared to school teachers: Impaired blood @entity413 (9.6% vs. 1.2%, p<0.05), hypertriglyceridaemia (18.1% vs. 7.2%, p<0.05) and low HDL- @entity165 (47.0% vs. 37.3%, p<0.05) respectively. However elevated LDL- @entity165 (56.6% vs. 32.5%, p<0.05) was significantly more common among school teachers compared to auto-technicians. Based on the WHO and the Harmonized criteria, @entity209 was more frequent among auto-technicians compared to school teachers. (8.4% vs. 1.2% and 19.3% vs. 7.2% respectively, p<0.05) CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity209 appears to be significantly higher among auto technicians despite their high level of physical activity, exertion and education compared to teachers. This may be related to the increased occupational exposure to organic and inorganic materials from dust particles, oil and oil related matter and particulate matter among auto technicians. Prompt definitive evaluation of this concept and appropriate health education to encourage safety mechanism can reduce this burden of @entity209 among auto technicians in Nigeria.

title: XXXX and occupation: Any association? Prevalence among auto technicians and school teachers in South West Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic syndrome']


abstract: The ultrastructural morphology of the cellular and extracellular components of the developing myocardial capillary wall--from the 16-day-gestation fetus of the @entity35 to the 21-day neonate--was examined. A morphometric analysis of plasmalemmal vesicles and of @entity8038 and pits of capillary endothelial cells was performed during the same developmental period. As the lateral extensions of the capillary endothelial cells change from irregular to regular in their thickness during development, there is an increase in the number of plasmalemmal vesicles and a progression from clusters of plasmalemmal vesicles to a uniform distribution in the endothelial cell. The ratio of vesicles which are open to the luminal front, which are "free" in the cytoplasm, or which are open to the abluminal front of the endothelial cell was consistent throughout development. The numerical density of plasmalemmal vesicles demonstrates a gradual and significant increase. In contrast, the numbers of @entity8038 and pits are variable within a very narrow range, and no pattern of increase or decrease is discernible during development. Similarly, there is no change in interendothelial cell junctions, which consist of occluding and primitive adhesive junctional types, during development. The lamina densa of the basal lamina gradually develops from discontinuous, patchy densities along the abluminal surface of the endothelial cells to a continuous and distinct layer by 21 days gestation. The presence of the proteoglycan species in the developing basal lamina was assessed with the cationic dye @entity37236 (RR), and the appearance of RR-marked proteoglycans was found to parallel the appearance of lamina densa material. found to parallel the appearance of lamina densa material. The RR sites appear discontinuously in patches; and later, the RR sites appear in a continuous and regular planar lattice in the lamina rara interna and externa at 21 days gestation. A complete array of RR-stainable anionic sites outside a continuous lamina densa near birth indicates that the basal laminae of developing capillaries in the heart are morphologically, and in part biochemically, mature by the end of the first neonatal week. Our results show that the endothelial cells and the subtending basal lamina of @entity296 gradually mature morphologically during the final days of gestation and the first neonatal week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Maturation of XXXX in the fetal and neonatal @entity35 : an ultrastructural study with a morphometric analysis of the vesicle populations.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial capillaries']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['coated vesicles']

entities_list: @entity37236 :: ('MESH:D012430', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium red']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial capillaries']


abstract: The ultrastructural morphology of the cellular and extracellular components of the developing myocardial capillary wall--from the 16-day-gestation fetus of the @entity35 to the 21-day neonate--was examined. A morphometric analysis of plasmalemmal vesicles and of @entity8038 and pits of capillary endothelial cells was performed during the same developmental period. As the lateral extensions of the capillary endothelial cells change from irregular to regular in their thickness during development, there is an increase in the number of plasmalemmal vesicles and a progression from clusters of plasmalemmal vesicles to a uniform distribution in the endothelial cell. The ratio of vesicles which are open to the luminal front, which are "free" in the cytoplasm, or which are open to the abluminal front of the endothelial cell was consistent throughout development. The numerical density of plasmalemmal vesicles demonstrates a gradual and significant increase. In contrast, the numbers of @entity8038 and pits are variable within a very narrow range, and no pattern of increase or decrease is discernible during development. Similarly, there is no change in interendothelial cell junctions, which consist of occluding and primitive adhesive junctional types, during development. The lamina densa of the basal lamina gradually develops from discontinuous, patchy densities along the abluminal surface of the endothelial cells to a continuous and distinct layer by 21 days gestation. The presence of the proteoglycan species in the developing basal lamina was assessed with the cationic dye @entity37236 (RR), and the appearance of RR-marked proteoglycans was found to parallel the appearance of lamina densa material. found to parallel the appearance of lamina densa material. The RR sites appear discontinuously in patches; and later, the RR sites appear in a continuous and regular planar lattice in the lamina rara interna and externa at 21 days gestation. A complete array of RR-stainable anionic sites outside a continuous lamina densa near birth indicates that the basal laminae of developing capillaries in the heart are morphologically, and in part biochemically, mature by the end of the first neonatal week. Our results show that the endothelial cells and the subtending basal lamina of @entity296 gradually mature morphologically during the final days of gestation and the first neonatal week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Maturation of @entity296 in the fetal and neonatal XXXX : an ultrastructural study with a morphometric analysis of the vesicle populations.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Amyloid-b (Ab)-induced @entity528 is considered central to the pathogenesis of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Among several death modalities, autophagy and apoptosis play important roles in Ab-induced @entity528 suggesting that there may be regulatory mechanisms that initiate both cell death pathways. However, molecules that govern both pathways have not been identified. Here, we report that, upon Ab treatment, tribbles pseudokinase 3 ( @entity18410 , an ortholog of Drosophila Tribbles) is up-regulated in neurons both in vivo and in vitro Increased @entity18410 levels inhibited the activity of the kinase @entity584 by interacting with it. As a result, @entity4012 ( @entity4012 ), a transcription factor that is negatively regulated by @entity584 , was activated, translocated to the nucleus, and induced the pro-apoptotic gene @entity22030 (Bim). Conversely, @entity4012 responded to Ab insult by binding to the @entity18410 gene promoter, enhancing its expression. Our investigations further revealed that @entity18410 also induces autophagy. We found that @entity18410 indirectly activates @entity10621 ( @entity10621 ) by impeding phosphorylation of, and thus inactivating, a negative regulator of @entity10621 , mechanistic target of @entity3446 . @entity10621 activation augmented autophagosome formation and reduced autophagy flux. Thus, @entity18410 was required for formation of autophagosomes, which accumulated in neurons as autophagic flux was thwarted. Most importantly, silencing endogenous @entity18410 strongly protected neurons from Ab insult. Our results suggest that a self-amplifying feed-forward loop among @entity18410 , @entity584 , and @entity4012 in Ab-treated neurons induces both apoptosis and autophagy, culminating in @entity528 . Thus, @entity18410 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for @entity195 .

title: Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 Induces Both Apoptosis and Autophagy in Amyloid-b-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10621 :: ('8408', 'Gene') :: ['unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase1', 'Ulk1']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron death']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['Neuronal Death']


abstract: Neuroplasticity in the amygdala drives @entity158 . The central nucleus (CeA) serves major amygdala output functions and can generate emotional-affective behaviors and modulate nocifensive responses. The CeA receives excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the basolateral nucleus (BLA) and @entity750 receptor subtype 5-HT2CR in the BLA, but not CeA, has been implicated anxiogenic behaviors and @entity148 . Here, we tested the hypothesis that 5-HT2CR in the BLA plays a critical role in CeA plasticity and @entity9 behaviors in the @entity35 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model. Local 5-HT2CR knockdown in the BLA with stereotaxic injection of 5-HT2CR shRNA AAV vector decreased vocalizations and @entity148 - and @entity308 -like behaviors and increased sensory thresholds of SNL @entity35 , but had no effect in sham controls. Extracellular single-unit recordings of CeA neurons in anesthetized @entity35 showed that 5-HT2CR knockdown blocked the increase in neuronal activity (increased responsiveness, irregular spike firing, and increased burst activity) in SNL @entity35 . At the synaptic level, 5-HT2CR knockdown blocked the increase in excitatory transmission from BLA to CeA recorded in brain slices from SNL @entity35 using whole-cell patch-clamp conditions. Inhibitory transmission was decreased by 5-HT2CR knockdown in control and SNL conditions to a similar degree. The findings can be explained by immunohistochemical data showing increased expression of 5-HT2CR in non-GABAergic BLA cells in SNL @entity35 . The results suggest that increased 5-HT2CR in the BLA contributes to @entity9 -related amygdala plasticity by driving synaptic excitation of CeA neurons. As a rescue strategy, 5-HT2CR knockdown in the BLA inhibits neuropathic- @entity158 .SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuroplasticity in the amygdala has emerged as an important @entity158 mechanism. This study identifies a novel target and rescue strategy to control abnormally enhanced amygdala activity in an animal model of @entity9 . Specifically, an integrative approach of gene transfer, systems and brain slice electrophysiology, behavior, and immunohistochemistry was used to advance the novel concept that @entity750 receptor subtype 5-HT2C contributes critically to the imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory drive of amygdala output neurons. Local viral vector-mediated 5-HT2CR knockdown in the amygdala normalizes the imbalance, decreases neuronal activity, and inhibits neuropathic- @entity158 . The study provides valuable insight into @entity750 receptor (dys)function in a limbic brain area.

title: 5-HT2C Receptor Knockdown in the Amygdala Inhibits XXXX and Behaviors.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related behaviors', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuropathic-pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic-Pain-Related Plasticity']


abstract: AIMS: @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ) represents a readily available, non-invasive means of pacing the @entity1167 or bradycardic heart in @entity1 , but benefits of @entity3883 at higher heart rates are unclear. Our aim was to assess the maximum rate and sustainability of excitation by @entity3883 vs. @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) in the isolated heart under normal physiological conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Trains of local @entity3883 or @entity8425 at rates exceeding intrinsic sinus rhythm (overdrive pacing; lowest pacing rates 2.5  0.5   Hz) were applied to the same mid-left ventricular free-wall site on the epicardium of Langendorff-perfused @entity95 hearts. Stimulation rates were progressively increased, with a recovery period of normal sinus rhythm between each stimulation period. Trains of @entity3883 caused repeated focal ventricular excitation from the site of stimulation. The maximum rate at which @entity3883 achieved 1:1 capture was lower than during @entity8425 (4.2  0.2 vs. 5.9  0.2   Hz, respectively). At all overdrive pacing rates for which repetitive @entity3883 was possible, 1:1 capture was reversibly lost after a finite number of cycles, even though same-site capture by @entity8425 remained possible. The number of @entity3883 cycles until loss of capture decreased with rising stimulation rate. If interspersed with @entity8425 , the number of @entity3883 to failure of capture was lower than for @entity3883 only. CONCLUSION: In this study, we demonstrate that the maximum pacing rate at which @entity3883 can be sustained is lower than that for same-site @entity8425 in isolated heart, and that, in contrast to @entity8425 , the sustainability of successful 1:1 capture by @entity3883 is limited. The mechanism(s) of differences in @entity3883 vs. @entity8425 pacing ability, potentially important for emergency heart rhythm management, are currently unknown, thus warranting further investigation.

title: Comparing maximum rate and sustainability of pacing by mechanical vs. @entity8425 in the Langendorff-perfused XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Mechanical stimulation']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['electrical stimulation', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['asystolic']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: AIMS: @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ) represents a readily available, non-invasive means of pacing the @entity1167 or bradycardic heart in @entity1 , but benefits of @entity3883 at higher heart rates are unclear. Our aim was to assess the maximum rate and sustainability of excitation by @entity3883 vs. @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) in the isolated heart under normal physiological conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Trains of local @entity3883 or @entity8425 at rates exceeding intrinsic sinus rhythm (overdrive pacing; lowest pacing rates 2.5  0.5   Hz) were applied to the same mid-left ventricular free-wall site on the epicardium of Langendorff-perfused @entity95 hearts. Stimulation rates were progressively increased, with a recovery period of normal sinus rhythm between each stimulation period. Trains of @entity3883 caused repeated focal ventricular excitation from the site of stimulation. The maximum rate at which @entity3883 achieved 1:1 capture was lower than during @entity8425 (4.2  0.2 vs. 5.9  0.2   Hz, respectively). At all overdrive pacing rates for which repetitive @entity3883 was possible, 1:1 capture was reversibly lost after a finite number of cycles, even though same-site capture by @entity8425 remained possible. The number of @entity3883 cycles until loss of capture decreased with rising stimulation rate. If interspersed with @entity8425 , the number of @entity3883 to failure of capture was lower than for @entity3883 only. CONCLUSION: In this study, we demonstrate that the maximum pacing rate at which @entity3883 can be sustained is lower than that for same-site @entity8425 in isolated heart, and that, in contrast to @entity8425 , the sustainability of successful 1:1 capture by @entity3883 is limited. The mechanism(s) of differences in @entity3883 vs. @entity8425 pacing ability, potentially important for emergency heart rhythm management, are currently unknown, thus warranting further investigation.

title: Comparing maximum rate and sustainability of pacing by mechanical vs. XXXX in the Langendorff-perfused @entity95 heart.

answer: @entity8425 :: (MESH:D004556,Disease) :: ['electrical stimulation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Each phase of the @entity3531 replication cycle can represent a therapy target. In fact, SIMEPREVIR (SMV) acts as @entity984 /4A protease inhibitor (PI); its efficacy is, however, reduced in HCV1a @entity1 characterized by NS3Q80K polymorphism. The aim of this work was to design a genotypic analysis of @entity984 protease in order to characterize viral quasispecies in @entity3531 1a @entity1 before starting the SMV therapy. In all, 38 peripheral blood- @entity1098 samples were collected from @entity1 infected with @entity3531 1a (RNA > 10,000 cp/ml). The samples were sequenced in a region of 543 nucleotides, codifying for 181 @entity3534 of the @entity984 protease with ABI PRISM 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Of the 38 samples, two showed the @entity71634 mutation associated with resistance to SMV. In 16 samples mutations associated with a possible resistance to protease inhibitor, TELAPREVIR, were observed. Only one sample showed the @entity71631 mutation, which is responsible for resistance to BOCEPREVIR, a protease inhibitor too. The data reported in this paper show a 5% prevalence of the @entity71634 mutation in @entity3531 1a @entity1 . So far, some differences in the percentage of the @entity71634 mutations were observed within the European population, when compared with its US counterpart. The prevalence study described herein, albeit observed on a low number of samples, could challenge the recommendations reported in the technical data sheet of SMV.

title: Genotypic analysis of XXXX 1a by sequencing of the @entity984 proteasic region in simeprevir therapy candidates.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity71634 :: ('p|SUB|Q|80|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q80K']

entities_list: @entity71631 :: ('p|SUB|T|54|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T54S']

answer: @entity3531 :: (11096,Species) :: ['HCV']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Each phase of the @entity3531 replication cycle can represent a therapy target. In fact, SIMEPREVIR (SMV) acts as @entity984 /4A protease inhibitor (PI); its efficacy is, however, reduced in HCV1a @entity1 characterized by NS3Q80K polymorphism. The aim of this work was to design a genotypic analysis of @entity984 protease in order to characterize viral quasispecies in @entity3531 1a @entity1 before starting the SMV therapy. In all, 38 peripheral blood- @entity1098 samples were collected from @entity1 infected with @entity3531 1a (RNA > 10,000 cp/ml). The samples were sequenced in a region of 543 nucleotides, codifying for 181 @entity3534 of the @entity984 protease with ABI PRISM 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Of the 38 samples, two showed the @entity71634 mutation associated with resistance to SMV. In 16 samples mutations associated with a possible resistance to protease inhibitor, TELAPREVIR, were observed. Only one sample showed the @entity71631 mutation, which is responsible for resistance to BOCEPREVIR, a protease inhibitor too. The data reported in this paper show a 5% prevalence of the @entity71634 mutation in @entity3531 1a @entity1 . So far, some differences in the percentage of the @entity71634 mutations were observed within the European population, when compared with its US counterpart. The prevalence study described herein, albeit observed on a low number of samples, could challenge the recommendations reported in the technical data sheet of SMV.

title: Genotypic analysis of @entity3531 1a by sequencing of the XXXX proteasic region in simeprevir therapy candidates.

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['NS3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ) treatment aims at long-term suppression of @entity97 replication and improvement in clinical outcomes. We describe the data of a pilot, non-profit study in which @entity1 with @entity6194 were treated with de novo combination @entity16332 - @entity24488 (LAM-ADV) for at least four years with a view to @entity97 suppression and resistance prevention, and shifted to @entity15833 (TDF) when new antiviral agents were available. Fifty-one @entity13211 negative @entity1 were enrolled. Histology was available for 39 @entity1 and data of @entity409 ( @entity409 ) for 24 @entity1 at baseline. Serum quantification of HBsAg and HBVDNA was obtained regularly during the follow-up. In 10 and 7 @entity1 , a paired histology and @entity409 were available at the end of LAM-ADV treatment, respectively. The de novo LAM-ADV combination was able to obtain HBVDNA suppression and ALT normalization in one year in most of the @entity1 and in the second year in the remaining. Histology improved in @entity1 with paired biopsy, but tissue HBsAg was present in all but one @entity1 after 48 months of therapy. TDF maintained biochemical and virological response throughout the follow-up. @entity8 during LAM-ADV therapy improved on shifting to TDF; only in 4 cases was a second shift to @entity17705 needed. TDF was safe and effective in maintaining @entity97 DNA suppression achieved by a long-term course of LAM-ADV de novo combination for the treatment of @entity13211 -negative @entity6194 .

title: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy maintains @entity97 suppression achieved by a "de novo" combination of @entity16332 - XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver stiffness', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic hepatitis B', 'CHB']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

answer: @entity24488 :: (MESH:C053001,Chemical) :: ['adefovir']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ) treatment aims at long-term suppression of @entity97 replication and improvement in clinical outcomes. We describe the data of a pilot, non-profit study in which @entity1 with @entity6194 were treated with de novo combination @entity16332 - @entity24488 (LAM-ADV) for at least four years with a view to @entity97 suppression and resistance prevention, and shifted to @entity15833 (TDF) when new antiviral agents were available. Fifty-one @entity13211 negative @entity1 were enrolled. Histology was available for 39 @entity1 and data of @entity409 ( @entity409 ) for 24 @entity1 at baseline. Serum quantification of HBsAg and HBVDNA was obtained regularly during the follow-up. In 10 and 7 @entity1 , a paired histology and @entity409 were available at the end of LAM-ADV treatment, respectively. The de novo LAM-ADV combination was able to obtain HBVDNA suppression and ALT normalization in one year in most of the @entity1 and in the second year in the remaining. Histology improved in @entity1 with paired biopsy, but tissue HBsAg was present in all but one @entity1 after 48 months of therapy. TDF maintained biochemical and virological response throughout the follow-up. @entity8 during LAM-ADV therapy improved on shifting to TDF; only in 4 cases was a second shift to @entity17705 needed. TDF was safe and effective in maintaining @entity97 DNA suppression achieved by a long-term course of LAM-ADV de novo combination for the treatment of @entity13211 -negative @entity6194 .

title: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy maintains XXXX suppression achieved by a "de novo" combination of @entity16332 - @entity24488 : a pilot study.

answer: @entity97 :: (10407,Species) :: ['HBV']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6194 ( @entity6194 ) treatment aims at long-term suppression of @entity97 replication and improvement in clinical outcomes. We describe the data of a pilot, non-profit study in which @entity1 with @entity6194 were treated with de novo combination @entity16332 - @entity24488 (LAM-ADV) for at least four years with a view to @entity97 suppression and resistance prevention, and shifted to @entity15833 (TDF) when new antiviral agents were available. Fifty-one @entity13211 negative @entity1 were enrolled. Histology was available for 39 @entity1 and data of @entity409 ( @entity409 ) for 24 @entity1 at baseline. Serum quantification of HBsAg and HBVDNA was obtained regularly during the follow-up. In 10 and 7 @entity1 , a paired histology and @entity409 were available at the end of LAM-ADV treatment, respectively. The de novo LAM-ADV combination was able to obtain HBVDNA suppression and ALT normalization in one year in most of the @entity1 and in the second year in the remaining. Histology improved in @entity1 with paired biopsy, but tissue HBsAg was present in all but one @entity1 after 48 months of therapy. TDF maintained biochemical and virological response throughout the follow-up. @entity8 during LAM-ADV therapy improved on shifting to TDF; only in 4 cases was a second shift to @entity17705 needed. TDF was safe and effective in maintaining @entity97 DNA suppression achieved by a long-term course of LAM-ADV de novo combination for the treatment of @entity13211 -negative @entity6194 .

title: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate monotherapy maintains @entity97 suppression achieved by a "de novo" combination of XXXX - @entity24488 : a pilot study.

answer: @entity16332 :: (MESH:D019259,Chemical) :: ['lamivudine']