abstract: We explored postmortem @entity1068 diffusion from the stomach using a @entity1 cadaver model with multiple blood site sampling. In all, 400 ml of @entity167 solution (5%, 10%, 20%, or 40% @entity1042 and @entity1068 weight/volume in water) was introduced into the stomach by oesophageal tube. Blood @entity1042 concentrations correlated with @entity1068 concentrations ( @entity1042 range, 1-676 mg%; @entity1068 range, 1-531 mg%; r = 0.9973). The pattern of @entity1068 diffusion showed marked between-case variability. Typically, concentrations were highest in pericardial fluid and, in decreasing order, in left pulmonary vein, aorta, left heart, pulmonary artery, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right heart, right pulmonary vein, and femoral vein. Diffusional flux was broadly proportional to the concentration of @entity1068 used. It was time-dependent (as assessed by 24-h and 48-h sampling) and markedly inhibited by refrigeration at 4 degrees C. After gastric instillation of 400 ml of 5% solution for 48 h at room temperature in paired cadavers, @entity1068 concentrations (mg%) were as follows: pericardial fluid 135, 222; aorta 50, 68; left heart 77, 26; right heart 41, 28; femoral vein 0. Using a 10% solution, @entity1068 concentrations (mg%) were as follows: pericardial fluid 401, 255; aorta 129, 134; left heart 61, 93; right heart 31, 41; femoral vein 5, 7. Introducing 50 ml of 10% @entity167 solution into the oesophagus after oesophagogastric junction ligation produced similar aortic blood @entity1068 concentrations. This suggests that postmortem gastrooesophageal reflux and diffusion from the oesophagus is the mechanism of artefactual elevation of aortic blood @entity1068 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Postmortem diffusion of XXXX from the stomach.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Adverse effects of resuscitation due to closed-chest cardiac massage are common, and the incidence is increased when an incorrect technique is used. Nevertheless, thrombolytic therapy of a @entity583 can become necessary even after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In these @entity1 , the risk of thrombolytic therapy-induced @entity548 is immanent. CASE REPORTS. Within 9 months, two male @entity1 aged 44 and 52 years were admitted to the intensive care unit after out-of-hospital CPR for @entity583 with @entity1167 . In both cases, thrombolytic therapy was undertaken due to the cardiovascular situation or echocardiographic results. Thrombolytic therapy was successful with regard to the ECG changes, but a few hours later both @entity1 demonstrated increasing cardiovascular instability. After abdominal sonography, @entity548 was suspected. Emergency laparotomy became unavoidable, although the coagulation profile was severely impaired in both @entity1 (Tables 1 and 2). Anaesthetic management was characterised by introduction of central venous and intra-arterial catheters, replacement of volume and @entity26 carriers using large-bore IV lines, restoration of coagulation factors with fresh frozen plasma, and the choice of "modified neuroleptanaesthesia" with blood pressure-adjusted, small doses of @entity3575 , @entity1363 , and @entity6305 . Intraoperatively, a @entity99 due to closed-chest cardiac massage was found in both cases. The postoperative courses were complicated by respiratory problems, which led to prolonged mechanical ventilation, but both @entity1 survived without remarkable @entity51 . CONCLUSION. In @entity1 with thrombolytic therapy after CPR and persisting cardio-vascular instability, a resuscitation injury with consequent @entity548 should be suspected. For diagnosis, chest X-ray films and abdominal and thoracic sonography are useful and practicable, even at the bedside. Anaesthetic management should focus on adequate monitoring, replacement of volume and @entity26 carriers, fast restoration of @entity3459 , and careful, blood pressure-adjusted maintenance of anaesthesia.

title: [ XXXX after @entity583 with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and thrombolytic therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal bleeding', 'haemorrhagic shock', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['plasma coagulation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Intra-abdominal bleeding']


abstract: Adverse effects of resuscitation due to closed-chest cardiac massage are common, and the incidence is increased when an incorrect technique is used. Nevertheless, thrombolytic therapy of a @entity583 can become necessary even after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In these @entity1 , the risk of thrombolytic therapy-induced @entity548 is immanent. CASE REPORTS. Within 9 months, two male @entity1 aged 44 and 52 years were admitted to the intensive care unit after out-of-hospital CPR for @entity583 with @entity1167 . In both cases, thrombolytic therapy was undertaken due to the cardiovascular situation or echocardiographic results. Thrombolytic therapy was successful with regard to the ECG changes, but a few hours later both @entity1 demonstrated increasing cardiovascular instability. After abdominal sonography, @entity548 was suspected. Emergency laparotomy became unavoidable, although the coagulation profile was severely impaired in both @entity1 (Tables 1 and 2). Anaesthetic management was characterised by introduction of central venous and intra-arterial catheters, replacement of volume and @entity26 carriers using large-bore IV lines, restoration of coagulation factors with fresh frozen plasma, and the choice of "modified neuroleptanaesthesia" with blood pressure-adjusted, small doses of @entity3575 , @entity1363 , and @entity6305 . Intraoperatively, a @entity99 due to closed-chest cardiac massage was found in both cases. The postoperative courses were complicated by respiratory problems, which led to prolonged mechanical ventilation, but both @entity1 survived without remarkable @entity51 . CONCLUSION. In @entity1 with thrombolytic therapy after CPR and persisting cardio-vascular instability, a resuscitation injury with consequent @entity548 should be suspected. For diagnosis, chest X-ray films and abdominal and thoracic sonography are useful and practicable, even at the bedside. Anaesthetic management should focus on adequate monitoring, replacement of volume and @entity26 carriers, fast restoration of @entity3459 , and careful, blood pressure-adjusted maintenance of anaesthesia.

title: [ @entity548 after XXXX with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and thrombolytic therapy].

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Between 1970 and 1983, 22 pediatric @entity1 diagnosed as having undifferentiated @entity189 (UNC) were treated at the National @entity1 's Hospital of Costa Rica; primary @entity5 with local extension (T3-T4) was present in 45% of the @entity1 , and @entity3 of the cervical nodes (N1-N3) in 82%. @entity1 were divided into groups A and B according to the type of treatment received. A description of both groups is as follows. Ten @entity1 were treated with 5,000 to 6,000 rads @entity5 dose to the primary and a 5,125-rad dose was administered to the lower neck between 1970 and 1977 (group A). Six @entity1 received postradiation therapy with @entity786 and vincristine and two @entity1 also received @entity1487 . The outcome in group A was as follows: four (40%) failed to respond, six (60%) achieved full remission initially with two subsequent relapses, and the remaining four are still alive and free of relapse after 90 to 160 months (average 130) (two were treated with Co60 alone and two with chemotherapy. Twelve @entity1 were treated with chemotherapy pre- and postradiation with CPM and @entity632 for a total of 12 months (group B) between 1978 and 1984. All (100%) achieved complete initial remission; two @entity1 relapsed and died. Ten @entity1 have remained in relapse-free survival for 18-67 months (median 32). Though this is not a controlled study, our experience indicates that pre- and postradiation chemotherapy is effective in prolonging the disease-free survival in UNC and may allow a decrease of the radiation @entity5 dose.

title: Treatment and outcome of undifferentiated XXXX in childhood: a 13-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the nasopharynx']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical management of @entity7172 ( @entity7172 ), especially regarding the necessity of central lymph node dissection (CLND), remains controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the clinicopathologic factors predictive of central @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity7172 . METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from their inception to September 2013. Published studies that explored the association between clinicopathologic factors and @entity1600 in @entity7172 @entity1 were included. From the identified studies, we extracted the number of individuals with or without each risk factor to calculate the @entity1600 -positive proportions and used fixed/random-effects models for the meta-analyses of overall relative risk (RR). The pooling analysis on the association between @entity1600 or the different CLNDs and prognosis was also conducted. RESULTS: A total of 19 eligible studies that included 8345 @entity1 were identified. Three studies did therapeutic CLND, while the other 16 studies performed prophylactic CLND in @entity7172 @entity1 . Meta-analyses revealed that @entity1600 was associated with male gender (RR  =  1.36; 95  % CI 1.22-1.52, p  =  0.001), younger age (<45  years; RR  =  1.15; 95  % CI 1.04-1.27, p  =  0.006), larger @entity5 size (>5  mm; RR  =  1.51 95  % CI 1.32-1.65, p  =  0.001), multifocality (RR  =  1.40; 95  % CI 1.27-1.54, p  =  0.001), and extrathyroidal extension (RR  =  1.81; 95  % CI 1.34-2.43, p  =  0.001). Meta-regression analysis indicated that a disparity in the proportion of @entity7172 @entity1 with @entity1600 in each study was the main factor resulting in heterogeneity among the 19 studies. In addition, the pooling analyses suggested that @entity1600 did not significantly predict neck recurrences [hazard ratio (HR)  =  0.95, 95  % CI 0.67-1.22, p  =  0.054], and the prophylactic CLND group did not improve local control significantly compared to the therapeutic group (RR  =  0.96, 95  % CI 0.46-2.01, p  =  0.544). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic CLND may be performed in @entity7172 @entity1 with clinically uninvolved central lymph nodes but with high risk factors; multicenter studies with long-term follow-up are recommended to better understand the risk factors and surgical management for central nodes in @entity7172 .

title: Risk Factors for Central Compartment Lymph Node Metastasis in XXXX : A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['CLNM', 'compartment lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['PTMC', 'papillary thyroid microcarcinoma']

answer: @entity7172 :: (MESH:C563277,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 syndromes without @entity51 are generated by a multitude of causes. Functional, morphological and psychosocial factors are discussed. In many cases a diseased intervertebral disc is found on radiological examination but the clinical relevance of these findings is not clear. For this study it was postulated that a diseased disc results in a local inflammatory reaction therefore causing @entity158 and impairing treatability of @entity1 . An epidural injection of @entity230 can reduce @entity32 and therefore improve treatability and ultimately treatment outcome. METHODS: A double blind randomized prospective trial was carried out. @entity1 treated in hospital for a chronic @entity158 without @entity51 within a multimodal treatment program were screened for indications for an epidural @entity479 injection (e.g. diseased lumbar disc and intention to treat). @entity1 eligible for the study were randomized into two groups. The treatment group received an epidural injection of 80  mg @entity2713 and 8  ml @entity1341 0.25   %. The control group received only an epidural injection of 8  ml @entity1341 0.25   %. RESULTS: In both groups @entity158 intensity and treatability showed a statistically significant improvement after the epidural injection. The differences between the control and treatment groups were small and not clinically relevant. A small subgroup might profit from the @entity479 injection. In addition the treatability was dependent on psychometric values and the long-term outcome from a @entity121 . DISCUSSION: After the epidural injection the decrease in @entity158 and increase in treatability was statistically significant. The mechanism of the improvement is not clear and should be examined further. The epidural injection of a @entity479 in this subgroup of @entity1 did not lead to a clinical improvement in the outcome.

title: [Efficacy of epidural @entity479 injections for chronic XXXX syndromes without @entity51 : A randomized, double blind study as part of a multimodal treatment concept].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of muscular skeletal dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'lumbar pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic lumbar pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['lumbar pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 syndromes without @entity51 are generated by a multitude of causes. Functional, morphological and psychosocial factors are discussed. In many cases a diseased intervertebral disc is found on radiological examination but the clinical relevance of these findings is not clear. For this study it was postulated that a diseased disc results in a local inflammatory reaction therefore causing @entity158 and impairing treatability of @entity1 . An epidural injection of @entity230 can reduce @entity32 and therefore improve treatability and ultimately treatment outcome. METHODS: A double blind randomized prospective trial was carried out. @entity1 treated in hospital for a chronic @entity158 without @entity51 within a multimodal treatment program were screened for indications for an epidural @entity479 injection (e.g. diseased lumbar disc and intention to treat). @entity1 eligible for the study were randomized into two groups. The treatment group received an epidural injection of 80  mg @entity2713 and 8  ml @entity1341 0.25   %. The control group received only an epidural injection of 8  ml @entity1341 0.25   %. RESULTS: In both groups @entity158 intensity and treatability showed a statistically significant improvement after the epidural injection. The differences between the control and treatment groups were small and not clinically relevant. A small subgroup might profit from the @entity479 injection. In addition the treatability was dependent on psychometric values and the long-term outcome from a @entity121 . DISCUSSION: After the epidural injection the decrease in @entity158 and increase in treatability was statistically significant. The mechanism of the improvement is not clear and should be examined further. The epidural injection of a @entity479 in this subgroup of @entity1 did not lead to a clinical improvement in the outcome.

title: [Efficacy of epidural @entity479 injections for chronic @entity158 syndromes without XXXX : A randomized, double blind study as part of a multimodal treatment concept].

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['neurological deficits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 syndromes without @entity51 are generated by a multitude of causes. Functional, morphological and psychosocial factors are discussed. In many cases a diseased intervertebral disc is found on radiological examination but the clinical relevance of these findings is not clear. For this study it was postulated that a diseased disc results in a local inflammatory reaction therefore causing @entity158 and impairing treatability of @entity1 . An epidural injection of @entity230 can reduce @entity32 and therefore improve treatability and ultimately treatment outcome. METHODS: A double blind randomized prospective trial was carried out. @entity1 treated in hospital for a chronic @entity158 without @entity51 within a multimodal treatment program were screened for indications for an epidural @entity479 injection (e.g. diseased lumbar disc and intention to treat). @entity1 eligible for the study were randomized into two groups. The treatment group received an epidural injection of 80  mg @entity2713 and 8  ml @entity1341 0.25   %. The control group received only an epidural injection of 8  ml @entity1341 0.25   %. RESULTS: In both groups @entity158 intensity and treatability showed a statistically significant improvement after the epidural injection. The differences between the control and treatment groups were small and not clinically relevant. A small subgroup might profit from the @entity479 injection. In addition the treatability was dependent on psychometric values and the long-term outcome from a @entity121 . DISCUSSION: After the epidural injection the decrease in @entity158 and increase in treatability was statistically significant. The mechanism of the improvement is not clear and should be examined further. The epidural injection of a @entity479 in this subgroup of @entity1 did not lead to a clinical improvement in the outcome.

title: [Efficacy of epidural XXXX injections for chronic @entity158 syndromes without @entity51 : A randomized, double blind study as part of a multimodal treatment concept].

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Catheter insertion in the neurovascular space by axillary approach allows a continuous brachial @entity86 . We developed a perivenous technique whereby the approach to the @entity531 is guided under fluoroscopy by a preopacified axillary vein. A randomized study compared this technique to the technique of Selander in ASA grade I-II @entity1 scheduled for surgery or painful physiotherapy of the hand. The study was performed in 36 @entity1 randomly divided into two groups. In Group 1 (n = 18), the catheter was placed according to the technique described by Selander. In Group 2 (n = 18), the catheter was placed using our perivenous technique. A complete block was obtained in all the @entity1 of Group 2 vs only 50% of the @entity1 in Group 1 (P < 0.05). In Group 1 a partial block was observed in 17%, with failure in 33% of the @entity1 . There was no difference in the two groups regarding the time required to perform either technique, the duration of the complete block, the @entity158 score, or the amount of continuously administrated @entity1341 during the first 48 h postoperatively. The plasma concentrations of total @entity1341 (high-performance liquid chromatography) were low in successful blocks, with no differences in the two groups; the median value was 0.68 microgram/mL (95% confidence interval: 0.62-0.89). The concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) in failed blocks; the median value was 1.69 micrograms/mL (95% confidence interval: 0.58-2.8). A complementary anatomic study of three arms from fresh cadavers allowed verification of the correct localization of the Teflon cannula and flexible catheter, as well as homogeneous diffusion of the @entity845 blue inside the brachial plexus. The perivenous technique for continuous axillary brachial @entity616 may improve the success rate due to its radiologic and accurate location of the @entity531 .

title: A new axillary approach for continuous brachial XXXX . A clinical and anatomic study.

entities_list: @entity845 :: ('CHEBI:29358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['plexus block and/or postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular sheath']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['plexus block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['plexus block']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity1340 , @entity3303 , and a combination of @entity1340 with @entity3303 in @entity158 relief using periprostatic nerve block technique by guidance of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) before the prostate biopsy (PBx). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the indication of TRUS-PBx, the @entity1 with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >4.0  ng/mL or abnormal digital examination findings were selected. The @entity1 were randomized through random method. Group 1: @entity1 were administered 5  mL of 2% @entity3303 ; group 2: @entity1 were administered 5  mL of 25-mg @entity1340 ; and group 3: @entity1 were administered 5  mL of 2% @entity3303  + 25-mg @entity1340 . The procedures were completed in 10  minutes, and a @entity227 scale was administered to the @entity1 to question the @entity158 severity. RESULTS: TRUS-guided PBx was performed in 60 @entity1 with an age range of 57-77  years (mean age, 66.2     7.49  years) and a PSA range of 1-1000  ng/mL. The mean PSA level of the groups was 28.5  (  7.5), 16.1 (  5.0), and 14.9 (  2.9) ng/mL, respectively. The postprocedural @entity158 scores by @entity227 scale were 4.6    1.2, 5.4    1.2, and 3.6    0.9 in @entity3303 , @entity1340 , and @entity3303  + @entity1340 groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Periprostatic nerve block is the current golden standard method owing to @entity158 management and comfort provided, independent of the @entity1 age and the number of core biopsies. We suggest that @entity1340 may also be used in this field to achieve @entity158 management by improving @entity3303 's effect or as an alternative to @entity3303 .

title: Combination of @entity1340 and XXXX for @entity158 Control During Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Double-blinded Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual pain']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['better pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['Lidocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity1340 , @entity3303 , and a combination of @entity1340 with @entity3303 in @entity158 relief using periprostatic nerve block technique by guidance of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) before the prostate biopsy (PBx). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the indication of TRUS-PBx, the @entity1 with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >4.0  ng/mL or abnormal digital examination findings were selected. The @entity1 were randomized through random method. Group 1: @entity1 were administered 5  mL of 2% @entity3303 ; group 2: @entity1 were administered 5  mL of 25-mg @entity1340 ; and group 3: @entity1 were administered 5  mL of 2% @entity3303  + 25-mg @entity1340 . The procedures were completed in 10  minutes, and a @entity227 scale was administered to the @entity1 to question the @entity158 severity. RESULTS: TRUS-guided PBx was performed in 60 @entity1 with an age range of 57-77  years (mean age, 66.2     7.49  years) and a PSA range of 1-1000  ng/mL. The mean PSA level of the groups was 28.5  (  7.5), 16.1 (  5.0), and 14.9 (  2.9) ng/mL, respectively. The postprocedural @entity158 scores by @entity227 scale were 4.6    1.2, 5.4    1.2, and 3.6    0.9 in @entity3303 , @entity1340 , and @entity3303  + @entity1340 groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Periprostatic nerve block is the current golden standard method owing to @entity158 management and comfort provided, independent of the @entity1 age and the number of core biopsies. We suggest that @entity1340 may also be used in this field to achieve @entity158 management by improving @entity3303 's effect or as an alternative to @entity3303 .

title: Combination of @entity1340 and @entity3303 for XXXX Control During Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Double-blinded Study.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity1340 , @entity3303 , and a combination of @entity1340 with @entity3303 in @entity158 relief using periprostatic nerve block technique by guidance of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) before the prostate biopsy (PBx). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the indication of TRUS-PBx, the @entity1 with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level >4.0  ng/mL or abnormal digital examination findings were selected. The @entity1 were randomized through random method. Group 1: @entity1 were administered 5  mL of 2% @entity3303 ; group 2: @entity1 were administered 5  mL of 25-mg @entity1340 ; and group 3: @entity1 were administered 5  mL of 2% @entity3303  + 25-mg @entity1340 . The procedures were completed in 10  minutes, and a @entity227 scale was administered to the @entity1 to question the @entity158 severity. RESULTS: TRUS-guided PBx was performed in 60 @entity1 with an age range of 57-77  years (mean age, 66.2     7.49  years) and a PSA range of 1-1000  ng/mL. The mean PSA level of the groups was 28.5  (  7.5), 16.1 (  5.0), and 14.9 (  2.9) ng/mL, respectively. The postprocedural @entity158 scores by @entity227 scale were 4.6    1.2, 5.4    1.2, and 3.6    0.9 in @entity3303 , @entity1340 , and @entity3303  + @entity1340 groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Periprostatic nerve block is the current golden standard method owing to @entity158 management and comfort provided, independent of the @entity1 age and the number of core biopsies. We suggest that @entity1340 may also be used in this field to achieve @entity158 management by improving @entity3303 's effect or as an alternative to @entity3303 .

title: Combination of XXXX and @entity3303 for @entity158 Control During Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Prostate Biopsy: A Randomized Double-blinded Study.

answer: @entity1340 :: (MESH:D014147,Chemical) :: ['Tramadol']


abstract: Oligosaccharide processing is controlled by host- and protein-dependent factors. To increase our understanding of the relative contribution of those factors we studied the glycosylation of @entity375 invertase expressed in a heterologous system. Invertase synthesized in @entity19 cells (an NIH 3T3-derived packaging line) is secreted efficiently, enzymatically active, and heavily glycosylated. It was estimated that the protein contains 8 or 9 @entity1735 chains. Two classes can be observed, of an approximate size of 100-110 kDa and 115-130 kDa, respectively. The size differences are due to differences in glycosylation. The smaller class contains two high-mannose @entity1735 chains; the remainder is of the complex type, sialylated and most likely tri- or tetraantennary. This profile parallels the situation observed with invertase glycosylation in @entity375 , where 2 of 9 or 10 chains remain unprocessed. The larger size class of invertase expressed in @entity19 fibroblasts has a different profile, since it contains probably only complex-type glycans. There are no apparent differences, however, in the size of the protein backbone between the two size classes. When invertase is synthesized in the presence of the mannosidase inhibitor @entity73145 , processing is blocked completely, since all glycans are susceptible to @entity498 . The glucosidase inhibitor @entity12215 does not inhibit processing completely. In both cases secretion of the protein is not affected. The glycosylation inhibitor @entity2425 prevents secretion of invertase completely when cells are cultured at 37 degrees C. At 26 degrees C, however, nonglycosylated invertase can be detected in the medium. These data suggest that glycosylation of invertase seems to be essential for the early steps of the secretory pathway but is less critical for later events.

title: Expression of the XXXX glycoprotein invertase in @entity19 fibroblasts: glycosylation, secretion, and enzymatic activity.

entities_list: @entity2425 :: ('MESH:D014415', 'Chemical') :: ['tunicamycin']

entities_list: @entity73145 :: ('MESH:D017485', 'Chemical') :: ['1-deoxymannojirimycin']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity498 :: ('MESH:C538322', 'Disease') :: ['endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H']

entities_list: @entity12215 :: ('MESH:C478924|MESH:D017485', 'Chemical') :: ['1-deoxynojirimycin']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: Oligosaccharide processing is controlled by host- and protein-dependent factors. To increase our understanding of the relative contribution of those factors we studied the glycosylation of @entity375 invertase expressed in a heterologous system. Invertase synthesized in @entity19 cells (an NIH 3T3-derived packaging line) is secreted efficiently, enzymatically active, and heavily glycosylated. It was estimated that the protein contains 8 or 9 @entity1735 chains. Two classes can be observed, of an approximate size of 100-110 kDa and 115-130 kDa, respectively. The size differences are due to differences in glycosylation. The smaller class contains two high-mannose @entity1735 chains; the remainder is of the complex type, sialylated and most likely tri- or tetraantennary. This profile parallels the situation observed with invertase glycosylation in @entity375 , where 2 of 9 or 10 chains remain unprocessed. The larger size class of invertase expressed in @entity19 fibroblasts has a different profile, since it contains probably only complex-type glycans. There are no apparent differences, however, in the size of the protein backbone between the two size classes. When invertase is synthesized in the presence of the mannosidase inhibitor @entity73145 , processing is blocked completely, since all glycans are susceptible to @entity498 . The glucosidase inhibitor @entity12215 does not inhibit processing completely. In both cases secretion of the protein is not affected. The glycosylation inhibitor @entity2425 prevents secretion of invertase completely when cells are cultured at 37 degrees C. At 26 degrees C, however, nonglycosylated invertase can be detected in the medium. These data suggest that glycosylation of invertase seems to be essential for the early steps of the secretory pathway but is less critical for later events.

title: Expression of the @entity375 glycoprotein invertase in XXXX fibroblasts: glycosylation, secretion, and enzymatic activity.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The best treatment for symptomatic @entity2806 from presumed @entity2553 after @entity510 remains a matter of controversy. A direct effect of any treatment modality on regional cerebral blood flow has never been documented. In a series of 43 @entity1 operated on for ruptured anterior circulation @entity439 , five @entity1 (11.6%) developed clinical signs of @entity2806 postoperatively. In four of those @entity1 , the diagnosis of " @entity2553 " was made with measurements of cerebral blood flow (133Xe inhalation or intravenous injection, 10-16 detectors, cerebral blood flow infinity). Treatment with induced @entity101 with @entity2647 was instituted. Hemodilution was instituted in one @entity1 ; the other three @entity1 already had hematocrits in the range of 33. Within 1 hour, the cerebral blood flow measurement was repeated to document the effect of treatment. The average pretreatment hemispherical blood flow on the operated side was 18.8 mL/100 g per minute, on the contralateral side 21.0 mL/100 g per minute. With treatment these flows increased to 30.8 and 35.8 mL/100 g per minute, respectively. There was also an immediate and obvious positive clinical effect in all @entity1 . The role of measurement of cerebral blood flow in the clinical management of @entity2553 is discussed. We stress the theoretical and practical advances of measurements of cerebral blood flow over cerebral angiography, especially in @entity772 @entity1 .

title: Induced XXXX for the treatment of @entity2806 after @entity510 . Direct effect on cerebral blood flow.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The best treatment for symptomatic @entity2806 from presumed @entity2553 after @entity510 remains a matter of controversy. A direct effect of any treatment modality on regional cerebral blood flow has never been documented. In a series of 43 @entity1 operated on for ruptured anterior circulation @entity439 , five @entity1 (11.6%) developed clinical signs of @entity2806 postoperatively. In four of those @entity1 , the diagnosis of " @entity2553 " was made with measurements of cerebral blood flow (133Xe inhalation or intravenous injection, 10-16 detectors, cerebral blood flow infinity). Treatment with induced @entity101 with @entity2647 was instituted. Hemodilution was instituted in one @entity1 ; the other three @entity1 already had hematocrits in the range of 33. Within 1 hour, the cerebral blood flow measurement was repeated to document the effect of treatment. The average pretreatment hemispherical blood flow on the operated side was 18.8 mL/100 g per minute, on the contralateral side 21.0 mL/100 g per minute. With treatment these flows increased to 30.8 and 35.8 mL/100 g per minute, respectively. There was also an immediate and obvious positive clinical effect in all @entity1 . The role of measurement of cerebral blood flow in the clinical management of @entity2553 is discussed. We stress the theoretical and practical advances of measurements of cerebral blood flow over cerebral angiography, especially in @entity772 @entity1 .

title: Induced @entity101 for the treatment of XXXX after @entity510 . Direct effect on cerebral blood flow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: The best treatment for symptomatic @entity2806 from presumed @entity2553 after @entity510 remains a matter of controversy. A direct effect of any treatment modality on regional cerebral blood flow has never been documented. In a series of 43 @entity1 operated on for ruptured anterior circulation @entity439 , five @entity1 (11.6%) developed clinical signs of @entity2806 postoperatively. In four of those @entity1 , the diagnosis of " @entity2553 " was made with measurements of cerebral blood flow (133Xe inhalation or intravenous injection, 10-16 detectors, cerebral blood flow infinity). Treatment with induced @entity101 with @entity2647 was instituted. Hemodilution was instituted in one @entity1 ; the other three @entity1 already had hematocrits in the range of 33. Within 1 hour, the cerebral blood flow measurement was repeated to document the effect of treatment. The average pretreatment hemispherical blood flow on the operated side was 18.8 mL/100 g per minute, on the contralateral side 21.0 mL/100 g per minute. With treatment these flows increased to 30.8 and 35.8 mL/100 g per minute, respectively. There was also an immediate and obvious positive clinical effect in all @entity1 . The role of measurement of cerebral blood flow in the clinical management of @entity2553 is discussed. We stress the theoretical and practical advances of measurements of cerebral blood flow over cerebral angiography, especially in @entity772 @entity1 .

title: Induced @entity101 for the treatment of @entity2806 after XXXX . Direct effect on cerebral blood flow.

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of oral and intravenous @entity16949 , a new class IC antiarrhythmic agent, 3 separate protocols were performed in @entity1 with benign or potentially lethal @entity943 . An open-label intravenous trail in 10 @entity1 was conducted using a dose of 1.7 mg/kg/min under constant monitoring. An oral short-term in-hospital trial in 20 @entity1 (8 @entity1 entered directly from the intravenous short-term trial) was conducted using a single-blind placebo dose titration protocol in which 50 mg of @entity16949 every 8 hours was increased at 3-day intervals to 75 mg, and then 100 mg every 8 hours depending on the observed change in @entity943 frequency by Holter monitoring. Finally, an outpatient long-term oral trial was conducted in 17 of the 20 @entity1 who completed the inpatient oral short-term trail. Two of the 10 @entity1 from the inpatient intravenous trail did not enter the oral trial, because a proarrhythmic response developed in 1 and because of a lack of efficacy in the other. During the inpatient oral trial, 17 of 20 @entity1 (85%) responded to @entity16949 and entered the long-term phase. Two of these @entity1 were removed from the trial because of lack of efficacy at 3 and 10 months, respectively. In the oral therapy protocols, minor side effects of the central nervous system occurred in 4 of 17 @entity1 (24%). Six of 20 @entity1 (30%) each had more than a 25% increase in PR and QRS duration that was not associated with higher degrees of block.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of oral and intravenous @entity16949 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity16949 :: ('MESH:C042398', 'Chemical') :: ['indecainide']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of oral and intravenous @entity16949 , a new class IC antiarrhythmic agent, 3 separate protocols were performed in @entity1 with benign or potentially lethal @entity943 . An open-label intravenous trail in 10 @entity1 was conducted using a dose of 1.7 mg/kg/min under constant monitoring. An oral short-term in-hospital trial in 20 @entity1 (8 @entity1 entered directly from the intravenous short-term trial) was conducted using a single-blind placebo dose titration protocol in which 50 mg of @entity16949 every 8 hours was increased at 3-day intervals to 75 mg, and then 100 mg every 8 hours depending on the observed change in @entity943 frequency by Holter monitoring. Finally, an outpatient long-term oral trial was conducted in 17 of the 20 @entity1 who completed the inpatient oral short-term trail. Two of the 10 @entity1 from the inpatient intravenous trail did not enter the oral trial, because a proarrhythmic response developed in 1 and because of a lack of efficacy in the other. During the inpatient oral trial, 17 of 20 @entity1 (85%) responded to @entity16949 and entered the long-term phase. Two of these @entity1 were removed from the trial because of lack of efficacy at 3 and 10 months, respectively. In the oral therapy protocols, minor side effects of the central nervous system occurred in 4 of 17 @entity1 (24%). Six of 20 @entity1 (30%) each had more than a 25% increase in PR and QRS duration that was not associated with higher degrees of block.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of oral and intravenous XXXX in @entity943 .

answer: @entity16949 :: (MESH:C042398,Chemical) :: ['indecainide']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and @entity137 of brief chemotherapy and involved field radiation therapy for treatment of limited-stage, histologically aggressive @entity706 . DESIGN: Single-arm prospective trial. SETTING: Comprehensive @entity5 treatment center serving the entire population of British Columbia. @entity1 : Consecutive enrollment of 78 @entity1 ranging in age from 21 to 82 years (median, 64) with limited-stage (no B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage I or II, @entity5 less than 10 cm in diameter), diffuse large cell, mixed or immunoblastic histologic characteristics of @entity706 seen at our institution between May 1980 and December 1984. All eligible @entity1 were evaluated for response and relapse-free and overall survival. INTERVENTIONS: Chemotherapy with @entity39561 ( @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 ) for three cycles followed by involved field radiation therapy to the original site of disease in a dose equivalent to 3000 cGy in ten fractions. MAIN RESULTS: The complete response rate was 99% (77 of 78 @entity1 ). With a median follow-up off treatment of 30 months the actuarial relapse-free survival is 84% and the overall survival is 85%. No deaths due to @entity137 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Brief chemotherapy and involved field radiation therapy is highly successful treatment for @entity1 with limited-stage, histologically aggressive @entity706 . @entity137 of this approach is acceptable, even in the elderly. Staging laparotomy is not needed to select these @entity1 . Future trials should incorporate more effective chemotherapy programs.

title: Brief chemotherapy and involved field radiation therapy for limited-stage, histologically aggressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: We reviewed the management of 25 cases of chylothorax/ @entity2294 (CT/CP) in 24 @entity1 (9 females, 15 male; 3 days to 11-years-old) following 1605 cardiothoracic procedures (incidence of 1.5%) between January 1984 and December 1993 at our institution. The surgical procedures preceding the occurrence of lymph leak included ligation of @entity2461 (6 @entity1 ), @entity1498 /double aortic arch repairs (3), complex intracardiac repairs (11), and systemic to pulmonary shunts (5). There were 3 CPs and 22 CTs. All of the @entity1 were initially treated nonsurgically with diet modification using either @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) or enteral low fat solid food or enteral elemental diet supplemented with intravenous lipid emulsion. Twenty-one cases (84%) responded to conservative therapy. Of those, 15 had @entity3147 as the initial treatment; the average duration of lymph leak was 13.7 (range 7 to 30) days and the average maximal lymph leak was 39.4 (range 15 to 130) mL/kg per day. The other six cases had low-fat enteral diet as the initial treatment, four resolved completely. Two with high-central venous pressure had to be switched to @entity3147 prior to complete resolution. The average duration of lymph leak in this subgroup was 30 (range 12 to 56) days with the average maximal lymph leak was 30.1 (range 8.5 to 59) mL/kg per day. Excluding these two cases, the average lymph leak of the rest of the group was very compatible to the @entity3147 group of 15 days. @entity2905 and @entity2753 were frequently seen during CT/CP (47.6% and 43%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The management of chylothorax/ XXXX following pediatric cardiac surgery: a 10-year experience.

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['chylopericardium']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['total parenteral nutrition', 'TPN']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['chylopericardium']


abstract: From November 1986 to December 1993, 50 @entity1 with 62 @entity11350 were treated with Tenon plasty. Forty-one eyes showed @entity63 , while 21 eyes had developed @entity1066 . Surgery was done 3-126 days after the injury. A total of 210 quadrants was treated with Tenon plasty. Epithelization of the Tenon sheets was complete within 21 days in 79% and in all eyes up to 51 days. In all eyes @entity1066 could be prevented or healed. In 48% isolated symblepharon formation or severe scarring of the fornices developed within 3 months after Tenon plasty. In these cases restoration of the conjunctiva was achieved by transplantation of autologous conjunctiva or nasal and buccal mucosa. Spontaneous epithelization of the burned @entity267 was achieved in 25.8%. In 36 eyes penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Sixteen (44.5%) grafts failed due to surface problems, while 12 (33.3%) grafts failed because of an endothelial immune reaction. Tenon plasty proved to be successful in preventing early @entity735 . However, the prognosis for penetrating keratoplasty in these eyes is limited due to surface problems and immune reactions.

title: [Long-term results of Tenon-plasty in treatment of severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['widespread scleral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['corneoscleral ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['necrolysis of the anterior eye segment in very severe eye burns']

entities_list: @entity11350 :: ('MESH:D005126', 'Disease') :: ['very severe eye burns']

answer: @entity11350 :: (MESH:D005126,Disease) :: ['chemical eye burns']


abstract: This study was performed in order to investigate the results of "cyclodialysis ab interno," i.e., a combination of goniotomy and cyclodialysis, in @entity1 suffering from @entity726 . From 1985 to 1993, 69 @entity1 (98 eyes) underwent at least one cyclodialysis ab interno. The development of intraocular pressure was examined 2 days, 4 weeks, 1/2 year, 1 year and 3 years postoperatively after the first and last cyclodialysis ab interno. Additionally, we examined @entity954 , preoperative pressure level, previous operations, reoperations, age at manifestation, and monocular or binocular manifestation for their influence on the results. The effect the operation had on visual acuity was also examined. One year after the last cyclodialysis ab interno, the IOP was regulated in 77% of the eyes. The prognosis was better for eyes with preoperative pressure values of less than 30 mmHg than for eyes with pressure values of more than 30 mmHg. It was also clearly better when the @entity726 had become manifest at the age of more than one year. Previous operations, @entity954 , and monocular or binocular manifestation had no influence on the results. In comparison with the data available for goniotomy and trabeculotomy, cyclodialysis ab interno shows a tendency for better results.

title: [Results of cyclodialysis combined goniotomy in treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'dysgenetic glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['dysgenetic glaucoma']


abstract: Intraperitoneal adhesions following surgical procedures cause considerable morbidity. Hyaluronic acid/ @entity5224 (HA/CMC) films have been shown to be effective agents in decreasing @entity1104 formation. However, when there is an inadvertent leak of bowel contents into the peritoneum due to incomplete @entity254 , @entity1104 formation about a defect in order to prevent further leakage and to promote healing of the wound is important for the prevention of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine if an antiadhesion film (HA/CMC) impairs these potentially beneficial adhesions to bowel anastomoses, thus predisposing them to enteric leaks with subsequent @entity298 . Sixty-four @entity95 were divided in two groups, each undergoing a complete or partial (90% @entity254 to simulate @entity834 ) large bowel @entity254 . Half of each of the above groups were treated by wrapping a HA/CMC film over the @entity254 and the other half were untreated controls. These two subgroups were then further divided equally and sacrificed at either 7 or 14 days for evaluation of @entity254 integrity and strength. The average anastomotic bursting pressures did not change significantly between those groups treated with HA/CMC when compared to untreated controls at 7 or 14 days or in the complete or partial @entity254 group (Student's t test). Adhesion formation to the @entity254 was not impaired in either group independent of HA/CMC film application. This study suggests that while HA/CMC film has been shown to decrease adhesions in other models, healing of a @entity95 colonic @entity254 even in the presence of an anastomotic defect takes place, further suggesting that the stimulus for @entity1104 formation can overcome the antiadhesion properties of HA/CMC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Novel antiadhesion barrier does not prevent XXXX in a @entity95 model.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic healing']


abstract: Intraperitoneal adhesions following surgical procedures cause considerable morbidity. Hyaluronic acid/ @entity5224 (HA/CMC) films have been shown to be effective agents in decreasing @entity1104 formation. However, when there is an inadvertent leak of bowel contents into the peritoneum due to incomplete @entity254 , @entity1104 formation about a defect in order to prevent further leakage and to promote healing of the wound is important for the prevention of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine if an antiadhesion film (HA/CMC) impairs these potentially beneficial adhesions to bowel anastomoses, thus predisposing them to enteric leaks with subsequent @entity298 . Sixty-four @entity95 were divided in two groups, each undergoing a complete or partial (90% @entity254 to simulate @entity834 ) large bowel @entity254 . Half of each of the above groups were treated by wrapping a HA/CMC film over the @entity254 and the other half were untreated controls. These two subgroups were then further divided equally and sacrificed at either 7 or 14 days for evaluation of @entity254 integrity and strength. The average anastomotic bursting pressures did not change significantly between those groups treated with HA/CMC when compared to untreated controls at 7 or 14 days or in the complete or partial @entity254 group (Student's t test). Adhesion formation to the @entity254 was not impaired in either group independent of HA/CMC film application. This study suggests that while HA/CMC film has been shown to decrease adhesions in other models, healing of a @entity95 colonic @entity254 even in the presence of an anastomotic defect takes place, further suggesting that the stimulus for @entity1104 formation can overcome the antiadhesion properties of HA/CMC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Novel antiadhesion barrier does not prevent @entity834 in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage (TCC) in the management of recurrent mid-trimester pregnancy miscarriage and @entity3152 . DESIGN: An observational study of 50 @entity1 with history of recurrent second trimester miscarriage and @entity3152 in whom TCC was performed. SETTING: A tertiary referral centre for high risk obstetrics. RESULTS: TCC was performed on 51 occasions in 50 @entity1 . One had TCC performed in two successive pregnancies. Prior to the procedure, they had experienced 36 first trimester miscarriages and 163 later pregnancy losses. These included 152 midtrimester miscarriages and 11 neonatal deaths after @entity3152 . There had been 4 survivors after @entity3152 . The total number of pregnancies after TCC was 61 with three @entity1 losing one pregnancy and subsequently having a successful pregnancy. Of these @entity1 44 now have had a successful outcome. Six have not had a successful outcome. Eight @entity1 have had two successful consecutive pregnancies after TCC. The fetal survival was 85.2% post-procedure. CONCLUSIONS: TCC is a procedure that may be used in a highly selected group of @entity1 with anatomical defects of the cervix and previous failed transvaginal cerclage resulting in recurrent second trimester pregnancy loss and @entity600 . Strict selection criteria were applied as TCC is an invasive procedure. Although TCC is not widely used our study suggests it may be the procedure to consider in @entity1 who have had recurrent second trimester pregnancy losses and preterm births associated with cervical damage.

title: Transabdominal cervicoisthmic cerclage in the management of recurrent second trimester miscarriage and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm delivery']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of @entity4346 and its related organic and spatial @entity854 to the occurrence of @entity339 in @entity1 with @entity1121 We selected 45 consecutive @entity1 with systolic @entity339 by color Doppler echocardiography and performed transesophageal echocardiography in all @entity1 . Eighteen @entity1 were in the obstructive group and 27 @entity1 were in the nonobstructive group of @entity1121 with @entity14087 . Twenty subjects without any @entity299 served as the control group. The maximum area of @entity339 was significantly greater in the obstructive group than in the nonobstructive group. @entity339 appeared more frequently during pansystole in the two groups with @entity1121 , particularly in the obstructive group. @entity3454 was observed in 20 (44%) of the 45 @entity1 with @entity1121 . Distances between the posterior papillary muscle and anterior or posterior mitral anulus were significantly smaller in the two groups with @entity1121 than in the normal control group. In the obstructive group, the length of the anterior mitral leaflet and the thickness of the rough zone of the anterior mitral leaflet at mid-diastole were significantly greater than in the other groups. Systolic anterior motion was observed in all @entity1 with obstructive @entity296 and contact between the interventricular septum and the anterior mitral leaflet during early diastole was observed in 17 of the 18 @entity1 in the obstructive group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of @entity339 in @entity1121 : contributions of @entity4346 and related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the mitral complex']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity14087 :: ('MESH:C566005', 'Disease') :: ['asymmetric septal hypertrophy']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['abnormalities of the mitral complex']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of @entity4346 and its related organic and spatial @entity854 to the occurrence of @entity339 in @entity1 with @entity1121 We selected 45 consecutive @entity1 with systolic @entity339 by color Doppler echocardiography and performed transesophageal echocardiography in all @entity1 . Eighteen @entity1 were in the obstructive group and 27 @entity1 were in the nonobstructive group of @entity1121 with @entity14087 . Twenty subjects without any @entity299 served as the control group. The maximum area of @entity339 was significantly greater in the obstructive group than in the nonobstructive group. @entity339 appeared more frequently during pansystole in the two groups with @entity1121 , particularly in the obstructive group. @entity3454 was observed in 20 (44%) of the 45 @entity1 with @entity1121 . Distances between the posterior papillary muscle and anterior or posterior mitral anulus were significantly smaller in the two groups with @entity1121 than in the normal control group. In the obstructive group, the length of the anterior mitral leaflet and the thickness of the rough zone of the anterior mitral leaflet at mid-diastole were significantly greater than in the other groups. Systolic anterior motion was observed in all @entity1 with obstructive @entity296 and contact between the interventricular septum and the anterior mitral leaflet during early diastole was observed in 17 of the 18 @entity1 in the obstructive group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of @entity339 in XXXX : contributions of @entity4346 and related @entity854 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of @entity4346 and its related organic and spatial @entity854 to the occurrence of @entity339 in @entity1 with @entity1121 We selected 45 consecutive @entity1 with systolic @entity339 by color Doppler echocardiography and performed transesophageal echocardiography in all @entity1 . Eighteen @entity1 were in the obstructive group and 27 @entity1 were in the nonobstructive group of @entity1121 with @entity14087 . Twenty subjects without any @entity299 served as the control group. The maximum area of @entity339 was significantly greater in the obstructive group than in the nonobstructive group. @entity339 appeared more frequently during pansystole in the two groups with @entity1121 , particularly in the obstructive group. @entity3454 was observed in 20 (44%) of the 45 @entity1 with @entity1121 . Distances between the posterior papillary muscle and anterior or posterior mitral anulus were significantly smaller in the two groups with @entity1121 than in the normal control group. In the obstructive group, the length of the anterior mitral leaflet and the thickness of the rough zone of the anterior mitral leaflet at mid-diastole were significantly greater than in the other groups. Systolic anterior motion was observed in all @entity1 with obstructive @entity296 and contact between the interventricular septum and the anterior mitral leaflet during early diastole was observed in 17 of the 18 @entity1 in the obstructive group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of @entity339 in @entity1121 : contributions of XXXX and related @entity854 .

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the contribution of @entity4346 and its related organic and spatial @entity854 to the occurrence of @entity339 in @entity1 with @entity1121 We selected 45 consecutive @entity1 with systolic @entity339 by color Doppler echocardiography and performed transesophageal echocardiography in all @entity1 . Eighteen @entity1 were in the obstructive group and 27 @entity1 were in the nonobstructive group of @entity1121 with @entity14087 . Twenty subjects without any @entity299 served as the control group. The maximum area of @entity339 was significantly greater in the obstructive group than in the nonobstructive group. @entity339 appeared more frequently during pansystole in the two groups with @entity1121 , particularly in the obstructive group. @entity3454 was observed in 20 (44%) of the 45 @entity1 with @entity1121 . Distances between the posterior papillary muscle and anterior or posterior mitral anulus were significantly smaller in the two groups with @entity1121 than in the normal control group. In the obstructive group, the length of the anterior mitral leaflet and the thickness of the rough zone of the anterior mitral leaflet at mid-diastole were significantly greater than in the other groups. Systolic anterior motion was observed in all @entity1 with obstructive @entity296 and contact between the interventricular septum and the anterior mitral leaflet during early diastole was observed in 17 of the 18 @entity1 in the obstructive group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of XXXX in @entity1121 : contributions of @entity4346 and related @entity854 .

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an assumption that @entity1 and @entity1 general practitioners adopt different practice styles in the management of gynaecological disorders. However, there is little evidence to support this view. AIM: A study was undertaken to compare the practice styles of @entity1 and @entity1 general practitioners in the management of @entity931 . METHOD: The study took place in 73 general practices in the Oxford Regional Health Authority area. A total of 348 @entity1 who consulted 74 @entity1 general practitioners and 43 @entity1 general practitioners with a complaint of @entity931 were recruited into the study and completed postal questionnaires nine and 18 months after entry into the study. Main outcome measures were @entity1 and @entity1 general practitioners' awareness of @entity1 ' treatment preferences, treatment received by @entity1 , @entity1 ' involvement in treatment decisions and @entity1 ' satisfaction with treatment received. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in treatment received by @entity1 of @entity1 and @entity1 general practitioners. Fewer @entity1 consulting @entity1 general practitioners were referred to a gynaecologist compared with @entity1 consulting @entity1 general practitioners (56% versus 64%) and fewer underwent surgery (39% versus 47%). More @entity1 consulting @entity1 general practitioners reported participation in treatment decisions (63% versus 53%) but more @entity1 consulting @entity1 general practitioners were satisfied with the care they received (66% versus 55%). Again, these differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Although some indications of sex-associated differences in practice style were found in this study, the similarities in practice styles of @entity1 and @entity1 general practitioners were more striking than the differences.

title: Influence of sex of general practitioner on management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity931 :: (MESH:D008595,Disease) :: ['menorrhagia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of early remodelling of coronary @entity850 morphology after thrombolytic treatment in @entity1 with @entity583 . DESIGN: Coronary angiograms were analysed by a computerised edge detection analysis system. @entity3979 severity was measured and morphology classified as smooth or complex. @entity1 : Coronary arteriograms were obtained approximately 90 min and 24 h after thrombolytic treatment from 40 @entity1 with @entity583 . MAIN RESULTS: Stenosis morphology was complex in 22 @entity1 (65%) and smooth in 11 (32%) 90 min after thrombolysis. The morphology of 11 (50%) complex coronary stenoses and three (27%) smooth stenoses had changed at 24 h (P < 0.05). The transition from complex to smooth was associated with a reduction in @entity850 severity from 65 (4)% to 51 (5)% (P < 0.05). The @entity850 severity was 63 (4)% and 60 (5)% in those with persistently complex morphology, and 56 (7)% and 50 (5)% in those with persistently smooth morphology at 90 min and 24 h respectively (NS). CONCLUSIONS: Transition of morphology from complex to smooth within 24 h is common. This transition is associated with a reduction in @entity850 severity of a degree greater than that found in persistently smooth stenoses over the same interval. 50% of stenoses are smooth at 24 h.

title: Early remodelling of coronary stenoses after thrombolytic treatment in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary stenosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of early remodelling of coronary @entity850 morphology after thrombolytic treatment in @entity1 with @entity583 . DESIGN: Coronary angiograms were analysed by a computerised edge detection analysis system. @entity3979 severity was measured and morphology classified as smooth or complex. @entity1 : Coronary arteriograms were obtained approximately 90 min and 24 h after thrombolytic treatment from 40 @entity1 with @entity583 . MAIN RESULTS: Stenosis morphology was complex in 22 @entity1 (65%) and smooth in 11 (32%) 90 min after thrombolysis. The morphology of 11 (50%) complex coronary stenoses and three (27%) smooth stenoses had changed at 24 h (P < 0.05). The transition from complex to smooth was associated with a reduction in @entity850 severity from 65 (4)% to 51 (5)% (P < 0.05). The @entity850 severity was 63 (4)% and 60 (5)% in those with persistently complex morphology, and 56 (7)% and 50 (5)% in those with persistently smooth morphology at 90 min and 24 h respectively (NS). CONCLUSIONS: Transition of morphology from complex to smooth within 24 h is common. This transition is associated with a reduction in @entity850 severity of a degree greater than that found in persistently smooth stenoses over the same interval. 50% of stenoses are smooth at 24 h.

title: Early remodelling of coronary stenoses after thrombolytic treatment in XXXX with @entity583 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The tumoricidal effects of @entity23142 were examined using two subcutaneously-transplanted @entity35 @entity1313 cell lines, 9L and T9 @entity11 . In @entity35 treated with high-dose @entity23142 (16 million U/kg administered for 4 days a week for 3 weeks), 9L @entity11 growth was inhibited by 81.9% following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection and by 70.5% after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and T9 @entity11 growth was inhibited by 69.2% after i.p. injection. After short-term treatment with high-dose @entity23142 (32 million U/kg administered s.c. for 6 consecutive days, 9L @entity11 growth was inhibited by 82.1%. All these inhibitory effects differed significantly compared with the respective untreated control groups. However, treatment with low-dose @entity23142 (1.6 million U/kg administered s.c. for 4 days a week for 3 weeks) showed no significant effects against 9L and T9 @entity11 growth compared with the untreated controls. No significant effects of @entity23142 against cell proliferation, measured as @entity1975 expression, were observed in any group. Significant hematopoietic effects on the leukocyte counts were observed only in the groups treated with high dose @entity23142 . These results suggest that @entity23142 at a high dose which produces hematopoietic effects on peripheral leukocytes inhibits the growth of @entity11 . This inhibitory effect may have been due to a tumoricidal mechanism of @entity23142 that depended on the production or release of some hematopoietic soluble factors, but was independent of @entity1975 expression by the @entity5 .

title: Antitumor effects of human recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor against @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: The tumoricidal effects of @entity23142 were examined using two subcutaneously-transplanted @entity35 @entity1313 cell lines, 9L and T9 @entity11 . In @entity35 treated with high-dose @entity23142 (16 million U/kg administered for 4 days a week for 3 weeks), 9L @entity11 growth was inhibited by 81.9% following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection and by 70.5% after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and T9 @entity11 growth was inhibited by 69.2% after i.p. injection. After short-term treatment with high-dose @entity23142 (32 million U/kg administered s.c. for 6 consecutive days, 9L @entity11 growth was inhibited by 82.1%. All these inhibitory effects differed significantly compared with the respective untreated control groups. However, treatment with low-dose @entity23142 (1.6 million U/kg administered s.c. for 4 days a week for 3 weeks) showed no significant effects against 9L and T9 @entity11 growth compared with the untreated controls. No significant effects of @entity23142 against cell proliferation, measured as @entity1975 expression, were observed in any group. Significant hematopoietic effects on the leukocyte counts were observed only in the groups treated with high dose @entity23142 . These results suggest that @entity23142 at a high dose which produces hematopoietic effects on peripheral leukocytes inhibits the growth of @entity11 . This inhibitory effect may have been due to a tumoricidal mechanism of @entity23142 that depended on the production or release of some hematopoietic soluble factors, but was independent of @entity1975 expression by the @entity5 .

title: Antitumor effects of human recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor against XXXX @entity1313 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity1 presented with mild @entity417 , @entity35160 , an increased MCV, a low serum cobalamin ( @entity2187 ) ( @entity2186 ), mild tissue deficiency of Cbl, but with neither malabsorption of Cbl, @entity73 of or inactivity of @entity23906 ( @entity23906 ). Because of a persistently low holo- @entity23906 ( @entity23906 carrying Cbl as the circulating complex of @entity23906 -Cbl), much of the evaluation was focused on the @entity1 's @entity23906 . Her @entity23906 promoted the uptake of Cbl, reacted with anti- @entity23906 , and bound Cbl in vitro. A test dose of 200 micrograms of @entity2186 ( @entity73146 ) i.m. increased her holo @entity23906 to levels higher than those in healthy @entity1 , but with a much more abrupt fall to a subnormal level. Two milligrams of CN-Cbl i.m. followed by 100 micrograms i.m. monthly failed to maintain normal amounts of circulating @entity23906 -Cbl or to overcome the tissue deficiency of Cbl. One milligram i.m. weekly or daily p.o. corrected both. The low holo @entity23906 was considered to be responsible for the clinical expression and may have been primary to the reduced amounts of total and holo R binder of Cbl in the circulation. This study of a newly recognized defect points out the need for circulating holo @entity23906 , a rational use of pharmacologic amounts of Cbl, and a possible interrelationship between @entity23906 and the R binder of Cbl.

title: A @entity1 with the inability to maintain in vivo levels of bound XXXX (Cbl) and manifestations of tissue deficiency of Cbl.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity23906 :: ('6948', 'Gene') :: ['TC II', 'transcobalamin II']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired intake, nor deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanocobalamin', 'vitamin B12']

answer: @entity2186 :: (MESH:D014805,Chemical) :: ['cobalamin']


abstract: A 39-year-old @entity1 presented with mild @entity417 , @entity35160 , an increased MCV, a low serum cobalamin ( @entity2187 ) ( @entity2186 ), mild tissue deficiency of Cbl, but with neither malabsorption of Cbl, @entity73 of or inactivity of @entity23906 ( @entity23906 ). Because of a persistently low holo- @entity23906 ( @entity23906 carrying Cbl as the circulating complex of @entity23906 -Cbl), much of the evaluation was focused on the @entity1 's @entity23906 . Her @entity23906 promoted the uptake of Cbl, reacted with anti- @entity23906 , and bound Cbl in vitro. A test dose of 200 micrograms of @entity2186 ( @entity73146 ) i.m. increased her holo @entity23906 to levels higher than those in healthy @entity1 , but with a much more abrupt fall to a subnormal level. Two milligrams of CN-Cbl i.m. followed by 100 micrograms i.m. monthly failed to maintain normal amounts of circulating @entity23906 -Cbl or to overcome the tissue deficiency of Cbl. One milligram i.m. weekly or daily p.o. corrected both. The low holo @entity23906 was considered to be responsible for the clinical expression and may have been primary to the reduced amounts of total and holo R binder of Cbl in the circulation. This study of a newly recognized defect points out the need for circulating holo @entity23906 , a rational use of pharmacologic amounts of Cbl, and a possible interrelationship between @entity23906 and the R binder of Cbl.

title: A XXXX with the inability to maintain in vivo levels of bound @entity2186 (Cbl) and manifestations of tissue deficiency of Cbl.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The stability of @entity205 in commonly used i.v. solutions and the percentage of the drug delivered via @entity2634 administration tubing were studied. @entity205 injection was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and diluted with 5% dextrose injection (D5W) or with 0.9% @entity2827 injection (NS). Admixtures containing @entity205 2 mg/mL were prepared in @entity2634 minibags (five for each solution) and in glass containers (three for each solution). The sample obtained at time zero from a glass container protected from light was the control. Additional samples were prepared in minibags and run through 70-inch @entity2634 administration sets. An HPLC assay for @entity205 was used. Exposure to room light did not significantly affect @entity205 concentrations. More than 90% of the initial drug concentration remained after 24 hours under all storage conditions, but less than 95% remained after 6 hours in samples diluted with NS and stored in plastic. At times up to 60 minutes, @entity205 concentrations were significantly different in solutions infused from the minibags through @entity2634 tubing from those in control solutions. Under these conditions, @entity205 is stable in D5W in glass containers or @entity2634 minibags for 24 hours and in NS for 6 hours ( @entity2634 ) to 12 hours (glass). However, because of the potential for leaching of plasticizers, @entity205 admixtures should be stored in glass or used within six hours if stored in @entity2634 minibags. Approximately 10% of the initial drug concentration is lost to 70-inch length @entity2634 infusion tubing.

title: Stability and availability of @entity205 in 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% XXXX injection.

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine', 'Cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity2827 :: (MESH:D012965,Chemical) :: ['sodium chloride']


abstract: The stability of @entity205 in commonly used i.v. solutions and the percentage of the drug delivered via @entity2634 administration tubing were studied. @entity205 injection was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and diluted with 5% dextrose injection (D5W) or with 0.9% @entity2827 injection (NS). Admixtures containing @entity205 2 mg/mL were prepared in @entity2634 minibags (five for each solution) and in glass containers (three for each solution). The sample obtained at time zero from a glass container protected from light was the control. Additional samples were prepared in minibags and run through 70-inch @entity2634 administration sets. An HPLC assay for @entity205 was used. Exposure to room light did not significantly affect @entity205 concentrations. More than 90% of the initial drug concentration remained after 24 hours under all storage conditions, but less than 95% remained after 6 hours in samples diluted with NS and stored in plastic. At times up to 60 minutes, @entity205 concentrations were significantly different in solutions infused from the minibags through @entity2634 tubing from those in control solutions. Under these conditions, @entity205 is stable in D5W in glass containers or @entity2634 minibags for 24 hours and in NS for 6 hours ( @entity2634 ) to 12 hours (glass). However, because of the potential for leaching of plasticizers, @entity205 admixtures should be stored in glass or used within six hours if stored in @entity2634 minibags. Approximately 10% of the initial drug concentration is lost to 70-inch length @entity2634 infusion tubing.

title: Stability and availability of XXXX in 5% dextrose injection or 0.9% @entity2827 injection.

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: The frequency of @entity1820 mandates innovative and individualized therapies. Chemotherapy used as sole treatment for these diverse @entity5 has not been generally successful in providing palliation or improving @entity1 survival. Radiotherapy has been more successful at controlling local manifestations of disease, but the high incidence of systemic @entity3 in most @entity5 limits the impact of this modality on curability. Combinations of radiotherapy and chemotherapy may prove to be more valuable than single modality treatment in improving local control of @entity5 , @entity262 , and improving @entity1 tolerance to treatment. A model for this approach is the current management of @entity5 , in which combined modality therapy has largely supplanted primary surgery. Data from trials in other primary @entity5 sites strongly suggest further exploration of combined treatments--surgical, radiotherapeutic, and chemotherapeutic--in @entity344 . Nearly 25% of all @entity5 diagnosed in the United States each year involve the GI tract; thus, there is a powerful imperative for the development of new therapeutic strategies in these diseases. Any discussion of the role of chemotherapy in @entity1820 must necessarily be broad, because assessment must include diseases with highly variable surgical curability, histologies, and sensitivities to chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, whereas it has been quite easy to perform standard phase II trials in @entity14 , other disease sites, such as the esophagus, the pancreas, and the biliary tract, have been much less extensively studied. In spite of these limitations, there is a wealth of data in the literature concerning the use of chemotherapy in @entity344 . This article, while not exhaustive, describes the current status of chemotherapy for these diverse diseases, with emphasis on the role of @entity1138 .

title: Chemotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'anal cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['decreasing systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) cancers', 'GI cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To provide a risk-to-benefit analysis of open staging pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) for @entity263 . METHODS: The medical records of all @entity1 presenting with @entity263 from July 1989 to April 1994 were reviewed. A total of 245 @entity1 with clinically localized disease were selected to undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) preceded by open PLND. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive value of the preoperative serum @entity1486 concentration, clinical stage, and Gleason score with regard to final nodal status. The cost and morbidity associated with PLND in the setting of RRP was also defined. RESULTS: Overall, only 16 @entity1 (6.5%) had lymph node @entity3 . Lymph node involvement correlated significantly with elevated serum @entity1486 values (P = 0.0001), high Gleason score (P = 0.0022), and advanced clinical stage (P = 0.0001). Lymph node @entity3 were particularly uncommon in @entity1 with nonpalpable @entity5 (1 of 67 [1.5%]), @entity1486 values less than 10 (2 of 154 [1.3%]), and Gleason score less than 6 (1 of 26 [3.8%]). Overall, 179 @entity1 (73.1%) presented with at least one or more of these favorable characteristics, and only 4 (2.2%) had lymph node involvement. Complications related to the lymphadenectomy occurred in 10 @entity1 (4.1%). The cost per @entity3 diagnosed in @entity1 with low-risk characteristics was approximatley  43,600. CONCLUSIONS: An open staging PLND may no longer be justified on a routine basis in @entity1 undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy.

title: Open pelvic lymph node dissection for XXXX : a reassessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Malignomas of the uterus predispose to @entity1031 . Local application of radium increases the activation of hemostasis. In newer examinations there are hints, that @entity73 and @entity4770 metabolism may have a pathogenetic meaning. Thrombocyte aggregation and @entity4770 sensitivity of thrombocytes have been examined in two groups of @entity1 : 21 @entity1 following hysterectomy because of @entity5 stage I, treated with one vaginal application for the vaginal cuff and 10 @entity1 with @entity2622 Stage IIa-IIIb treated combined intrauterine-intravaginally. The first group was prophylactically treated with low-dose-heparin, the second one with @entity11271 (Sintrom). A slight, but significant increase of thrombocyte aggregation by 4.8 per cent respectively 5.0 per cent could be observed in both groups. @entity4770 sensitivity of thrombocytes (PST) was significantly reduced by 20 per cent before irradiation in all @entity1 compared with @entity1 without @entity189 . In cases of intravaginal radium application we saw immediately after removal of the radioactive source a further reduction of PST by 12.5 per cent. 24 hours later a significant decrease of PST by 18.5 per cent could be observed. Contrary to this no significant changes were induced by combined intrauterine and intravaginal radium insertion. Therefore reduction of PST may be interpreted as a possible change of thrombocyte function in vivo caused by irradiation. It may be likely that these disturbances of thrombocyte function combined with radiogenic vessel wall damages and @entity49 are responsible for the high thromboembolic risk of radium therapy. These @entity1 should be treated prophylactically. Probably the efficiency of this prophylaxis can be improved by additional application of selective inhibitors of thrombocyte aggregation or inductors of @entity4770 synthesis.

title: [Risk of thrombosis in XXXX . A review with new results of studies].

entities_list: @entity11271 :: ('MESH:D000074', 'Chemical') :: ['acenocoumarol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['endometrium cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment to thrombocyte function']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['plasmatic hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostacyclin', 'prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['irradiation of uterine cancer']


abstract: For the detection of cancerous and @entity1613 in cervical cytopathology, the feasibility of a concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling procedure was tested and compared with the Papanicolaou method. To this end, the percentage of labeled flattened epithelial cells with a morphologically normal appearance present in cervical cell suspensions was determined. It was found that the mean labeling percentage of the control group was 71% ( @entity168 , 11%). The means for mild, moderate, and severe @entity1141 groups were, respectively, 54% ( @entity168 , 19%), 48% ( @entity168 , 13%), and 44% ( @entity168 , 16%). The mean for the @entity189 in situ group was 32% ( @entity168 ,11%), and for the @entity957 group 16% ( @entity168 , 5%). It appeared that the labeling percentage gradually decreases with increasing atypia of the epithelium as confirmed by histological observation. A complete dissimilarity was found between healthy individuals and @entity5 @entity1 . In a follow-up study it was found that the mean labeling percentage did not alter in cases of an unchanged stage of disease. A reestablishment of the normal concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling percentage often appeared once the @entity5 was treated. In conclusion, the concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling method can be considered as a supplementary technique to the Papanicolaou method for the early detection of cervical @entity5 . It reduces the effect of sampling and screening errors of the Papanicolaou method, and it allows a more objective cytological diagnosis. In addition, it may possess prognostic significance.

title: Feasibility of a concanavalin A-peroxidase labeling method to detect cancerous and XXXX of the uterine cervix.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous or precancerous lesion', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1613 :: (MESH:D011230,Disease) :: ['precancerous lesions']


abstract: 1. Five healthy volunteers (usual fat intake 103 (SE 9) g/d and energy intake 9855 (SE 937) kJ/d were given on two separate occasions (a) 100 g oral @entity413 and (b) sufficient intravenous (IV) @entity413 to obtain similar arterialized plasma @entity413 levels to those after oral @entity413 . 2. Subjects increased their fat intake by 68 (SE 9.6)% for 28 d by supplementing their diet with 146 ml double cream/d (fat intake on @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) 170 (SE 8) g/d; energy intake 12347 (SE 770)). 3. The 100 g oral @entity413 load was repeated and IV @entity413 again given in quantities sufficient to obtain similar arterialized blood @entity413 levels. Immunoreactive plasma insulin, C-peptide and gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( @entity8242 ) were measured. 4. Plasma @entity8242 levels were higher following oral @entity413 after the @entity1386 (area under plasma @entity8242 curve 0-180 min 1660 (SE 592) v. 2642 (SE 750) ng/l.h for control and @entity1386 respectively; P less than 0.05). Both insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher after oral than after IV @entity413 (P less than 0.01) but neither were affected by the @entity1386 . @entity413 levels were lower following the @entity1386 after both oral and IV @entity413 (area under plasma @entity413 curve 0-180 min, following oral @entity413 6.7 (SE 0.3) mmol/l.h for control and 4.2 (SE 0.6) mmol/l.h for @entity1386 ; P less than 0.01). 5. @entity413 -stimulated @entity8242 secretion was thus enhanced by the @entity1386 . Insulin secretion in response to oral @entity413 was unchanged, in spite of an improvement in @entity413 tolerance. 6. The improvement in @entity413 tolerance post- @entity1386 could possibly be due to a @entity8242 -mediated inhibition of hepatic glycogenolysis, or a decreased rate of @entity413 uptake from the small intestine.

title: Modifications of gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( @entity8242 ) secretion in man by a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['HFD', 'high-fat diet']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['high-fat diet']


abstract: 1. Five healthy volunteers (usual fat intake 103 (SE 9) g/d and energy intake 9855 (SE 937) kJ/d were given on two separate occasions (a) 100 g oral @entity413 and (b) sufficient intravenous (IV) @entity413 to obtain similar arterialized plasma @entity413 levels to those after oral @entity413 . 2. Subjects increased their fat intake by 68 (SE 9.6)% for 28 d by supplementing their diet with 146 ml double cream/d (fat intake on @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) 170 (SE 8) g/d; energy intake 12347 (SE 770)). 3. The 100 g oral @entity413 load was repeated and IV @entity413 again given in quantities sufficient to obtain similar arterialized blood @entity413 levels. Immunoreactive plasma insulin, C-peptide and gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( @entity8242 ) were measured. 4. Plasma @entity8242 levels were higher following oral @entity413 after the @entity1386 (area under plasma @entity8242 curve 0-180 min 1660 (SE 592) v. 2642 (SE 750) ng/l.h for control and @entity1386 respectively; P less than 0.05). Both insulin and C-peptide levels were significantly higher after oral than after IV @entity413 (P less than 0.01) but neither were affected by the @entity1386 . @entity413 levels were lower following the @entity1386 after both oral and IV @entity413 (area under plasma @entity413 curve 0-180 min, following oral @entity413 6.7 (SE 0.3) mmol/l.h for control and 4.2 (SE 0.6) mmol/l.h for @entity1386 ; P less than 0.01). 5. @entity413 -stimulated @entity8242 secretion was thus enhanced by the @entity1386 . Insulin secretion in response to oral @entity413 was unchanged, in spite of an improvement in @entity413 tolerance. 6. The improvement in @entity413 tolerance post- @entity1386 could possibly be due to a @entity8242 -mediated inhibition of hepatic glycogenolysis, or a decreased rate of @entity413 uptake from the small intestine.

title: Modifications of gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( XXXX ) secretion in man by a @entity1386 .

answer: @entity8242 :: (2695,Gene) :: ['GIP']


abstract: @entity591 produces @entity63 and @entity1347 after @entity301 . To determine whether a quantitative relationship exists between these ST shifts and transmural blood flow, 19 @entity235 were studied. Coronary obstruction was produced by ameroid @entity15496 of the left circumflex artery, and @entity591 was generated by atrial pacing at 90 to 210 beats/min. ST shifts were studied by body surface isopotential mapping with an 84-electrode torso grid, and blood flow was quantitated by serial radiolabeled microsphere injections. Isopotential maps at each paced rate, 40 msec into the ST segment, were classified as normal or @entity63 based on spatial patterns of voltages. Pacing after 3 weeks of ameroid @entity15496 reduced endocardial/epicardial flow ratios in 11 @entity235 from 1.16 +/- 0.22 at rest to 0.41 +/- 0.18 at 210 beats/min. @entity308 developed in these @entity235 at a rate of 184.0 +/- 16.5 beats/min. Endocardial/epicardial ratios with ST @entity308 (0.45 +/- 0.15) were lower than at those without ST @entity308 (1.05 +/- 0.19; p less than .01). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ST @entity308 corresponded to an endocardial/epicardial ratio of 0.67 or less (p less than .01). With this model, 95.5% of data sets were correctly classified. Neither heart rate nor perfusion bed size were significant independent predictors of an @entity63 electrocardiographic response. The magnitude of abnormal ST segment shift was significantly correlated (r = .87) with the transmural flow ratio. Thus development of electrocardiographic changes indicative of @entity63 corresponds to a predictable degree of flow redistribution and the magnitude of the ST shift is correlated with the intensity of the flow abnormality.

title: Regional blood flow correlates of XXXX in @entity591 -induced myocardial ischemia.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'Abnormal ST depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity15496 :: ('MESH:D015877', 'Disease') :: ['constriction']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['ST segment depression']


abstract: @entity591 produces @entity63 and @entity1347 after @entity301 . To determine whether a quantitative relationship exists between these ST shifts and transmural blood flow, 19 @entity235 were studied. Coronary obstruction was produced by ameroid @entity15496 of the left circumflex artery, and @entity591 was generated by atrial pacing at 90 to 210 beats/min. ST shifts were studied by body surface isopotential mapping with an 84-electrode torso grid, and blood flow was quantitated by serial radiolabeled microsphere injections. Isopotential maps at each paced rate, 40 msec into the ST segment, were classified as normal or @entity63 based on spatial patterns of voltages. Pacing after 3 weeks of ameroid @entity15496 reduced endocardial/epicardial flow ratios in 11 @entity235 from 1.16 +/- 0.22 at rest to 0.41 +/- 0.18 at 210 beats/min. @entity308 developed in these @entity235 at a rate of 184.0 +/- 16.5 beats/min. Endocardial/epicardial ratios with ST @entity308 (0.45 +/- 0.15) were lower than at those without ST @entity308 (1.05 +/- 0.19; p less than .01). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that ST @entity308 corresponded to an endocardial/epicardial ratio of 0.67 or less (p less than .01). With this model, 95.5% of data sets were correctly classified. Neither heart rate nor perfusion bed size were significant independent predictors of an @entity63 electrocardiographic response. The magnitude of abnormal ST segment shift was significantly correlated (r = .87) with the transmural flow ratio. Thus development of electrocardiographic changes indicative of @entity63 corresponds to a predictable degree of flow redistribution and the magnitude of the ST shift is correlated with the intensity of the flow abnormality.

title: Regional blood flow correlates of @entity308 in XXXX -induced myocardial ischemia.

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardia']