abstract: A consecutive series of 58 @entity1 , treated with the dynamic condylar screw (DCS) for subtrochanteric @entity174 were retrospectively reviewed. The mechanism of injury was low-energy in 47 cases and high-energy in 11 cases. Five @entity1 died before @entity174 healing. Ten out of 11 young @entity1 , (nine with high-energy injuries), united primarily. In contrast, the primary union rate in the elderly was 74%. Implant failure was seen in 11 cases (20%). Restricted weight bearing status post-operatively was associated with significantly lower incidence of implant failure (P<0.05, chi(2)-test). The use of bone graft was not related to @entity174 union (P>0.5). After revision surgery the overall union rate in the elderly was 90%. Using the DCS, the results were good in the young @entity1 with high-energy injuries. However, the implant failure rate is high in elderly @entity1 who suffer low-energy @entity174 . The DCS should not be used if weight bearing cannot be minimized in this group.

title: Results of dynamic condylar screw for subtrochanteric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Between October 1995 and December 1998, 16 @entity1 with A-O type A3, C2 or C3 supracondylar femoral @entity174 were treated by open reduction and internal fixation using indirect reduction and bridge plating. Seven (44%) @entity1 had @entity4422 . The @entity1 were followed for a mean of 46 months (range 24-71). All @entity174 healed. The average time for @entity174 @entity446 was 18.5 weeks (range 12-28). Four primary bone grafts and three secondary bone grafts were performed. By using the modified Schatzker rating scale, the result of 13 @entity1 (81%) were rated as excellent or good. Complications included two implant failures that were due to full weight bearing before bone @entity446 , and one superficial delayed wound @entity446 . No deep @entity281 were found in this series. The open @entity174 group needed longer time to heal and had a higher rate of receiving bone grafts. We conclude that indirect reduction and bridge plating with a 95 degrees dynamic condylar screw (DCS) or condylar blade plate can produce favourable results for @entity3330 . We suggest primary bone grafts or early secondary bone grafts for @entity9256 using an indirect reduction technique.

title: Indirect reduction and bridge plating of supracondylar XXXX of the femur.

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fractures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity9256 :: ('MESH:D018460', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted open fractures']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['complex distal femoral fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis for @entity1 with most forms of @entity784 is poor. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) may improve the outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: This study examines the outcome of 52 @entity1 who underwent ablative or nonablative allogeneic HSCT for @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ) or @entity4888 over a 12-year period at a single institution. We divided the @entity1 into those with predominantly nodal histologies: peripheral T-cell not otherwise specified ( @entity3191 NOS), angioimmunoblastic (AITL), or @entity2108 , T/null type (systemic) (ALCL), and predominantly extranodal histologies: natural killer (NK)/T cell, enteropathy type, hepatosplenic, subcutaneous @entity4888 , or T cell or NK cell other. RESULTS: Median follow-up of survivors is 49 months. Non-relapse mortality and relapse at 3 years was 27% and 43%, respectively. The incidence of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was 21%. The incidence of extensive chronic @entity2132 at 2 years was 27%. The 3-year progression-free survival was 30%: 45% in @entity1 with predominantly nodal histologies ( @entity3191 NOS, AITL, and ALCL) and 6% in @entity1 with predominantly extranodal histologies (P   =   0.016). Overall survival at 3 years was 41% for all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Allogeneic HSCT can produce long-term remissions in relapsed/ @entity784 , especially those with nodal histologies.

title: A large single-center experience with allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for peripheral XXXX and @entity4888 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['advanced mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome', 'panniculitic, mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['refractory T-cell lymphoma', 'T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['PTCL', 'peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis for @entity1 with most forms of @entity784 is poor. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) may improve the outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: This study examines the outcome of 52 @entity1 who underwent ablative or nonablative allogeneic HSCT for @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ) or @entity4888 over a 12-year period at a single institution. We divided the @entity1 into those with predominantly nodal histologies: peripheral T-cell not otherwise specified ( @entity3191 NOS), angioimmunoblastic (AITL), or @entity2108 , T/null type (systemic) (ALCL), and predominantly extranodal histologies: natural killer (NK)/T cell, enteropathy type, hepatosplenic, subcutaneous @entity4888 , or T cell or NK cell other. RESULTS: Median follow-up of survivors is 49 months. Non-relapse mortality and relapse at 3 years was 27% and 43%, respectively. The incidence of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was 21%. The incidence of extensive chronic @entity2132 at 2 years was 27%. The 3-year progression-free survival was 30%: 45% in @entity1 with predominantly nodal histologies ( @entity3191 NOS, AITL, and ALCL) and 6% in @entity1 with predominantly extranodal histologies (P   =   0.016). Overall survival at 3 years was 41% for all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Allogeneic HSCT can produce long-term remissions in relapsed/ @entity784 , especially those with nodal histologies.

title: A large single-center experience with allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for peripheral @entity784 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['advanced mycosis fungoides/Sezary syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Several imaging modalities are commonly performed during work-up of @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ), but guidelines do not suggest any one technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity5 and duct measurements by computed tomography (CT) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and their ability to predict @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity5 within @entity788 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity4929 who underwent preoperative CT and EUS between 2001 and 2009 were selected. Data were gathered retrospectively from medical records. RESULTS: The study group was comprised of 52 @entity1 , 33% (17/52) of whom had @entity1893 or @entity5 . On fine needle aspirate (FNA), neither @entity787 ( @entity787 ) >200 nor cytological analysis correlated with @entity5 . In multivariate analysis, duct size >=  1.0 cm (P= 0.034) was a significant predictor of @entity1893 or @entity5 , and diameter on CT scan (P= 0.056) approached significance. Lesion diameter of >=  2.5 cm on CT scan identified @entity5 in 71% (12/17) of @entity1 (P= 0.037). When analysed, all @entity1 with @entity1893 or @entity5 had a lesion diameter >=  2.5 cm and/or a duct diameter >=  1.0 cm by CT scan. CONCLUSIONS: The use of radiographic criteria on CT including lesion size >=  2.5 cm and/or pancreatic duct diameter >=  1.0 cm appears to reliably identify @entity1 with either @entity1893 or invasive @entity5 . High-resolution CT scanning may obviate the need for EUS and FNA in @entity1 with suspected @entity4929 .

title: Endoscopic ultrasound may be unnecessary in the preoperative evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic IPMN']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'IPMN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity1 studies and @entity19 models have provided evidence for @entity15395 ( @entity15395 )-based mechanisms as an underlying cause of @entity439 localized to the ascending aorta. In agreement with this associative evidence, we have published recently that @entity15395 infusion induces aneurysmal pathology in the ascending aorta. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define the role of @entity15395 type 1a ( @entity1129 (1a)) receptors and their cellular location in @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 ( @entity449 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Male @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet for 1 week before osmotic mini-pump implantation and infused with either saline or @entity15395 (1000 ng/kg per minute) for 28 days. Intimal surface areas of ascending aortas were measured to quantify ascending @entity449 . Whole body @entity1129 (1a) receptor deficiency ablated @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 (P<0.001). To determine the role of @entity1129 (1a) receptors on leukocytes, @entity1748 (-/-) @entity1129 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity1129 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity19 were irradiated and repopulated with bone marrow-derived cells isolated from either @entity1129 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity1129 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity19 . @entity1129 (1a) receptors in bone marrow-derived cells had no effect on @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 . To determine the role of @entity1129 (1a) receptors on vascular wall cells, we developed @entity1129 (1a) receptor floxed @entity19 with depletion on either smooth muscle or endothelial cells using Cre driven by either @entity21823 or @entity1886 , respectively. @entity1129 (1a) receptor deletion in smooth muscle cells had no effect on ascending @entity449 . In contrast, endothelial-specific depletion attenuated this pathology. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15395 infusion promotes @entity439 in the ascending aorta via stimulation of @entity1129 (1a) receptors that are expressed on endothelial cells.

title: Endothelial cell-specific deficiency of @entity15395 type 1a receptors attenuates XXXX -induced ascending @entity449 in @entity1748 -/- @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['AAs', 'aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'Deficiency of AT']

answer: @entity15395 :: (11606(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Ang II']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity1 studies and @entity19 models have provided evidence for @entity15395 ( @entity15395 )-based mechanisms as an underlying cause of @entity439 localized to the ascending aorta. In agreement with this associative evidence, we have published recently that @entity15395 infusion induces aneurysmal pathology in the ascending aorta. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define the role of @entity15395 type 1a ( @entity1129 (1a)) receptors and their cellular location in @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 ( @entity449 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Male @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet for 1 week before osmotic mini-pump implantation and infused with either saline or @entity15395 (1000 ng/kg per minute) for 28 days. Intimal surface areas of ascending aortas were measured to quantify ascending @entity449 . Whole body @entity1129 (1a) receptor deficiency ablated @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 (P<0.001). To determine the role of @entity1129 (1a) receptors on leukocytes, @entity1748 (-/-) @entity1129 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity1129 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity19 were irradiated and repopulated with bone marrow-derived cells isolated from either @entity1129 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity1129 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity19 . @entity1129 (1a) receptors in bone marrow-derived cells had no effect on @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 . To determine the role of @entity1129 (1a) receptors on vascular wall cells, we developed @entity1129 (1a) receptor floxed @entity19 with depletion on either smooth muscle or endothelial cells using Cre driven by either @entity21823 or @entity1886 , respectively. @entity1129 (1a) receptor deletion in smooth muscle cells had no effect on ascending @entity449 . In contrast, endothelial-specific depletion attenuated this pathology. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15395 infusion promotes @entity439 in the ascending aorta via stimulation of @entity1129 (1a) receptors that are expressed on endothelial cells.

title: Endothelial cell-specific deficiency of XXXX type 1a receptors attenuates @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 in @entity1748 -/- @entity19 .

answer: @entity15395 :: (11606(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Ang II']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity1 studies and @entity19 models have provided evidence for @entity15395 ( @entity15395 )-based mechanisms as an underlying cause of @entity439 localized to the ascending aorta. In agreement with this associative evidence, we have published recently that @entity15395 infusion induces aneurysmal pathology in the ascending aorta. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define the role of @entity15395 type 1a ( @entity1129 (1a)) receptors and their cellular location in @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 ( @entity449 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Male @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet for 1 week before osmotic mini-pump implantation and infused with either saline or @entity15395 (1000 ng/kg per minute) for 28 days. Intimal surface areas of ascending aortas were measured to quantify ascending @entity449 . Whole body @entity1129 (1a) receptor deficiency ablated @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 (P<0.001). To determine the role of @entity1129 (1a) receptors on leukocytes, @entity1748 (-/-) @entity1129 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity1129 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity19 were irradiated and repopulated with bone marrow-derived cells isolated from either @entity1129 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity1129 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity19 . @entity1129 (1a) receptors in bone marrow-derived cells had no effect on @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 . To determine the role of @entity1129 (1a) receptors on vascular wall cells, we developed @entity1129 (1a) receptor floxed @entity19 with depletion on either smooth muscle or endothelial cells using Cre driven by either @entity21823 or @entity1886 , respectively. @entity1129 (1a) receptor deletion in smooth muscle cells had no effect on ascending @entity449 . In contrast, endothelial-specific depletion attenuated this pathology. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15395 infusion promotes @entity439 in the ascending aorta via stimulation of @entity1129 (1a) receptors that are expressed on endothelial cells.

title: Endothelial cell-specific deficiency of @entity15395 type 1a receptors attenuates @entity15395 -induced ascending XXXX in @entity1748 -/- @entity19 .

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity1 studies and @entity19 models have provided evidence for @entity15395 ( @entity15395 )-based mechanisms as an underlying cause of @entity439 localized to the ascending aorta. In agreement with this associative evidence, we have published recently that @entity15395 infusion induces aneurysmal pathology in the ascending aorta. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define the role of @entity15395 type 1a ( @entity1129 (1a)) receptors and their cellular location in @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 ( @entity449 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Male @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet for 1 week before osmotic mini-pump implantation and infused with either saline or @entity15395 (1000 ng/kg per minute) for 28 days. Intimal surface areas of ascending aortas were measured to quantify ascending @entity449 . Whole body @entity1129 (1a) receptor deficiency ablated @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 (P<0.001). To determine the role of @entity1129 (1a) receptors on leukocytes, @entity1748 (-/-) @entity1129 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity1129 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity19 were irradiated and repopulated with bone marrow-derived cells isolated from either @entity1129 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity1129 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity19 . @entity1129 (1a) receptors in bone marrow-derived cells had no effect on @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 . To determine the role of @entity1129 (1a) receptors on vascular wall cells, we developed @entity1129 (1a) receptor floxed @entity19 with depletion on either smooth muscle or endothelial cells using Cre driven by either @entity21823 or @entity1886 , respectively. @entity1129 (1a) receptor deletion in smooth muscle cells had no effect on ascending @entity449 . In contrast, endothelial-specific depletion attenuated this pathology. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15395 infusion promotes @entity439 in the ascending aorta via stimulation of @entity1129 (1a) receptors that are expressed on endothelial cells.

title: Endothelial cell-specific deficiency of @entity15395 type 1a receptors attenuates @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 in XXXX -/- @entity19 .

answer: @entity1748 :: (16835(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['LDL receptor']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity1 studies and @entity19 models have provided evidence for @entity15395 ( @entity15395 )-based mechanisms as an underlying cause of @entity439 localized to the ascending aorta. In agreement with this associative evidence, we have published recently that @entity15395 infusion induces aneurysmal pathology in the ascending aorta. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define the role of @entity15395 type 1a ( @entity1129 (1a)) receptors and their cellular location in @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 ( @entity449 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Male @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet for 1 week before osmotic mini-pump implantation and infused with either saline or @entity15395 (1000 ng/kg per minute) for 28 days. Intimal surface areas of ascending aortas were measured to quantify ascending @entity449 . Whole body @entity1129 (1a) receptor deficiency ablated @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 (P<0.001). To determine the role of @entity1129 (1a) receptors on leukocytes, @entity1748 (-/-) @entity1129 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity1129 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity19 were irradiated and repopulated with bone marrow-derived cells isolated from either @entity1129 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity1129 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity19 . @entity1129 (1a) receptors in bone marrow-derived cells had no effect on @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 . To determine the role of @entity1129 (1a) receptors on vascular wall cells, we developed @entity1129 (1a) receptor floxed @entity19 with depletion on either smooth muscle or endothelial cells using Cre driven by either @entity21823 or @entity1886 , respectively. @entity1129 (1a) receptor deletion in smooth muscle cells had no effect on ascending @entity449 . In contrast, endothelial-specific depletion attenuated this pathology. CONCLUSIONS: @entity15395 infusion promotes @entity439 in the ascending aorta via stimulation of @entity1129 (1a) receptors that are expressed on endothelial cells.

title: Endothelial cell-specific deficiency of @entity15395 type 1a receptors attenuates @entity15395 -induced ascending @entity449 in @entity1748 -/- XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the relationship between the size of @entity5 , pathologic classification, cell differentiation or location of @entity5 and lymph node @entity3 in @entity2 . METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-two @entity1 with @entity2 underwent pulmonectomy plus extensive dissection of hilar and mediastinal nodes. The law of lymph node @entity3 was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 3 280 lymph nodes were removed. Metastatic rates of N1 and N2 were 29.9% and 22.4% respectively. The total lymph node metastatic rates of T1, T2, and T3 diseases were 8.5%, 27.4% and 61.2% respectively ( P < 0.005). No lymphatic @entity3 was observed in well-differentiated @entity957 , however, the lymph node metastatic rates in moderate- and poor-differentiated @entity957 were 16.8% and 19.6% respectively. The lymph node metastatic rates were 27.5% and 71.6% in moderate- and poor-differentiated @entity420 respectively ( P < 0.005). The total lymph node metastatic rates in central and peripheral @entity957 were 19.6% and 11.7% respectively ( P < 0.005), while in @entity420 , the rates were 57.9% and 24.0% respectively ( P < 0.005). The N2 metastatic rates in central and peripheral @entity957 were 10.9% and 2.9% respectively ( P < 0.005), while in @entity420 , the rates were 47.5% and 17.8% respectively ( P < 0.005 ). Under the same T status, cell differentiation or location of @entity5 , the metastatic rate of @entity420 was much higher than that of @entity957 ( P < 0.005 ). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of lymph node @entity3 significantly correlate with size of @entity5 , pathological classification, cell differentiation and location of @entity5 .

title: [Clinical study on the metastatic patterns of lymph node in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse @entity5 volume (TV) in clinically @entity263 @entity1 treated with neo-adjuvant combined @entity342 blockade ( @entity14137 ) therapy prior to radical prostatectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred consecutive @entity1 treated between 1996 and 2000 were retrospectively analysed. Fifty @entity1 underwent radical prostatectomy alone and 45 were treated with @entity14137 for 1-3 months, 83 for 4-6 months and 22 for more than 6 months before surgery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the strongest independent prognosticator of organ-confined disease. RESULTS: No evidence of @entity5 was found in 11 specimens (5.6%). Regarding TV, 20 specimens showed less than 0.1cc, 33 between 0.1 and 0.49cc and 86 more than 0.5cc. Smaller TV was found in @entity14137 -treated @entity1 . Significant correlation was observed between treatment duration and TV. In logistic regression analysis, only @entity14137 duration and TV were significantly correlated with organ-confined disease. CONCLUSIONS: Prominent regressive features and lower TV were found after neo-adjuvant @entity14137 . It seems that more prolonged treatment may lead to greater tumoural regression. Only @entity5 burden and length of @entity14137 therapy were independent variables significantly correlated with pathologically @entity263 .

title: A longer duration of neo-adjuvant combined XXXX blockade prior to radical prostatectomy may lead to lower @entity5 volume of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localised prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse @entity5 volume (TV) in clinically @entity263 @entity1 treated with neo-adjuvant combined @entity342 blockade ( @entity14137 ) therapy prior to radical prostatectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred consecutive @entity1 treated between 1996 and 2000 were retrospectively analysed. Fifty @entity1 underwent radical prostatectomy alone and 45 were treated with @entity14137 for 1-3 months, 83 for 4-6 months and 22 for more than 6 months before surgery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the strongest independent prognosticator of organ-confined disease. RESULTS: No evidence of @entity5 was found in 11 specimens (5.6%). Regarding TV, 20 specimens showed less than 0.1cc, 33 between 0.1 and 0.49cc and 86 more than 0.5cc. Smaller TV was found in @entity14137 -treated @entity1 . Significant correlation was observed between treatment duration and TV. In logistic regression analysis, only @entity14137 duration and TV were significantly correlated with organ-confined disease. CONCLUSIONS: Prominent regressive features and lower TV were found after neo-adjuvant @entity14137 . It seems that more prolonged treatment may lead to greater tumoural regression. Only @entity5 burden and length of @entity14137 therapy were independent variables significantly correlated with pathologically @entity263 .

title: A longer duration of neo-adjuvant combined @entity342 blockade prior to radical prostatectomy may lead to lower @entity5 volume of XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localised prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse @entity5 volume (TV) in clinically @entity263 @entity1 treated with neo-adjuvant combined @entity342 blockade ( @entity14137 ) therapy prior to radical prostatectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred consecutive @entity1 treated between 1996 and 2000 were retrospectively analysed. Fifty @entity1 underwent radical prostatectomy alone and 45 were treated with @entity14137 for 1-3 months, 83 for 4-6 months and 22 for more than 6 months before surgery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the strongest independent prognosticator of organ-confined disease. RESULTS: No evidence of @entity5 was found in 11 specimens (5.6%). Regarding TV, 20 specimens showed less than 0.1cc, 33 between 0.1 and 0.49cc and 86 more than 0.5cc. Smaller TV was found in @entity14137 -treated @entity1 . Significant correlation was observed between treatment duration and TV. In logistic regression analysis, only @entity14137 duration and TV were significantly correlated with organ-confined disease. CONCLUSIONS: Prominent regressive features and lower TV were found after neo-adjuvant @entity14137 . It seems that more prolonged treatment may lead to greater tumoural regression. Only @entity5 burden and length of @entity14137 therapy were independent variables significantly correlated with pathologically @entity263 .

title: A longer duration of neo-adjuvant combined @entity342 blockade prior to radical prostatectomy may lead to lower XXXX volume of @entity263 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Many of the risk factors and pathogenesis of urothelial @entity703 are similar to the ones of the more common urothelial @entity150 . In addition, two endemic @entity8 and two @entity74 have been linked with the development of upper @entity5 . Multiple synchronous or metachronous lesions throughout urinary tract are rather common and should always be sought in the management of this entity. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice in early-stage @entity5 . The role of adjuvant radiation and chemoradiation for @entity703 remains to be redefined, given the advent of conformal approaches and intensity modulation. In non-surgical candidates, chemotherapy remains the mainstay. Metastatic urothelial renal @entity5 is usually treated with combination @entity902 -based chemotherapy. Definitive radiation therapy should be considered in @entity1 with locally advanced/unresectable disease, multiple comorbidities, and/or severely compromised performance status. Recently, the antifolate agent pemetrexed has demonstrated an overall response rate of circa 30% in @entity189 . New targeted agents, alone or in combination with cytotoxic drugs, are currently being tested in clinical trials and may lead to new and exciting avenues for the therapy of this disease.

title: Newer developments in the therapeutics of the transitional cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic cancer', 'urologic cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited syndromes']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the renal pelvis']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of renal pelvis']


abstract: Recent studies suggest that preoperative left ventricular function may no longer be an important determinant of survival or functional results after operation for @entity337 because of improved operative techniques. To assess the effect of left ventricular function on prognosis in the current surgical era, we performed echocardiographic and radionuclide angiographic studies in 80 consecutive @entity1 undergoing valve replacement from 1976 to 1983. No @entity1 had associated @entity453 . For all @entity1 , 5 year survival was 83 +/- 5%, significantly better than the 62 +/- 9% 5 year survival in our @entity1 operated on from 1972 to 1976. Preoperative resting left ventricular ejection fraction (p less than .001), fractional shortening (p less than .001), and end-systolic dimension (p less than .01) were the most significant predictors of survival (univariate life-table analysis). Five year survival was 63 +/- 12% in @entity1 with subnormal ejection fraction (n = 50) compared with 96 +/- 3% in those with normal ejection fraction (n = 30). @entity1 with subnormal left ventricular ejection fraction and poor exercise tolerance or prolonged duration of @entity1002 (greater than 18 months) comprised the high-risk subgroup (5 year survival 52 +/- 11%). @entity1 in this subgroup also had persistent @entity1002 after operation, with greater left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions and reduced ejection fraction (both p less than .001) compared with @entity1 with normal preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction or a brief duration of @entity1002 (less than 14 months). Cold hyperkalemic cardioplegia was used for myocardial preservation in 46 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Survival and functional results after valve replacement for XXXX from 1976 to 1983: impact of preoperative left ventricular function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: We examined the interaction of complement component C3 with surface molecules on @entity1527 . Five- to six-fold more C3 was bound to epimastigotes (Epi) than to metacyclic trypomastigotes (CMT) of strain M88. Epi and CMT were surface iodinated, then incubated in @entity38403 serum, and detergent lysates were applied to anti-C3 antibody that had been coupled to @entity3367 . We found that 9.20-10.24% of applied 125I-Epi protein bound to anti-C3- @entity3367 , compared to 2.64% binding of 125I-CMT protein. @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis showed that C3 was attached to 125I-Epi protein by a covalent bond. Samples eluted from anti-C3- @entity3367 with @entity8696 revealed a single, major, 72 kD band, suggesting that C3b attaches almost exclusively to the 72 kD glycoprotein of Epi by a @entity8696 -susceptible @entity13507 bond. An antiserum was prepared from lysates of serum-treated Epi that had been affinity-purified on anti-C3- @entity3367 . This antiserum immunoprecipitated a single 72 kD component (gp72) from surface-iodinated Epi, and specifically recognized only gp72 from Epi in immunoblots. In contrast to the results with Epi, gp72 on CMT was not found to be an efficient acceptor molecule for C3 deposition. The results are the first to evaluate the acceptor site for C3 deposition on a parasite, and they show that gp72 on Epi, but not gp72 on CMT, serves as the preferential acceptor for C3 during antibody-independent alternative complement pathway activation.

title: gp72, the 72 kilodalton glycoprotein, is the membrane acceptor site for C3 on XXXX epimastigotes.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity8696 :: ('MESH:D019811', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylamine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3367 :: ('MESH:D012685', 'Chemical') :: ['Sepharose', 'sepharose']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: AIM: @entity418 remains a major and lethal health problem. In Nepal, not much has been explored about its management. The aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective review of @entity418 @entity1 undergoing surgery or combined modality treatment at a @entity5 hospital in Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Resectable cases were treated primarily with surgery. Locally advanced cases with doubtful or obviously unresectability underwent preoperative chemo/radiation or chemoradiation followed by surgery. RESULTS: Among 900 @entity1 , 103 were treated with curative intent. Mean age of @entity1 was 54 years, and 100% of the @entity1 presented with complaint of @entity1282 . Surgery as a single modality of treatment was done in 57% of cases, and the remaining underwent combined modality treatment. Transthoracic and transhiatal approaches were used in 95% and 5% of cases, respectively. Nodal sampling, two-field (2- @entity10751 ), and three-field lymphadenectomy (3- @entity10751 ) were done in 18%, 59%, and 20% of cases, respectively. A majority of @entity1 had pathological @entity5 (46.6%). In-hospitality mortality was 5%, and @entity834 rate was 14%. In 87% of @entity1 , R0 resection was achieved. Overall, 4-year survival was 20%. A R0 resection, early-stage disease and 3- @entity10751 favored the survival advantage (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The mortality, complication, and survival results were in the acceptable range. R0 resection and radical nodal dissection should be standard practice.

title: Eight-year experience in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To perform a randomized comparative study to investigate the clinical effects of extracorporeal magnetic innervation (ExMI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) on @entity322 after retropubic radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity322 after radical prostatectomy were randomly assigned to three groups (12 @entity1 each in the FES, ExMI, and control groups). For FES, an anal electrode was used. Pulses of 20-Hz square waves at a 300-micros pulse duration were used for 15 minutes twice daily for 1 month. For ExMI, the Neocontrol system was used. The treatment sessions were for 20 minutes, twice a week for 2 months. The frequency of the pulse field was 10 Hz for 10 minutes, followed by a second treatment at 50 Hz for 10 minutes. For the control group, only pelvic floor muscle exercises were performed. Objective measures included bladder diaries, 24-hour pad weight testing, and a quality-of-life survey, at 1, 2, and 4 weeks and 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months after removing the catheter. RESULTS: The leakage weight during the 24 hours after removing the catheter was 684, 698, and 664 g for the FES, ExMI, and control groups, respectively. At 1 month, it was 72, 83, and 175 g (FES versus control, P <0.05) and at 2 months was 54, 18, and 92 g (ExMI versus control, P <0.05) in the FES, ExMI, and control groups, respectively. Finally, 6 months later, the average 24-hour leakage weight was less than 10 g in all groups. Quality-of-life measures decreased after surgery, but gradually improved over time in all groups. No complications were noted in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: ExMI and FES therapies offered earlier continence compared with the control group after radical prostatectomy. We consider ExMI and FES to be recommendable options for @entity1 who want quick improvement of postoperative @entity322 .

title: Comparative study of effects of extracorporeal magnetic innervation versus electrical stimulation for XXXX after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: Methods are described to study cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens of cultured @entity1 @entity11 , fetal brain cells and fibroblasts using flow cytometry. This required harvesting the cultured cells with @entity1098 or mild trypsin treatment and fixation in 4% @entity1604 prior to staining for @entity538 ( @entity538 ) and fibronectin using indirect immunofluorescence. At passage 10, 38% of fetal brain cells [CHII] were @entity538 -positive but at passage 14 only 3.5% expressed @entity538 . Two @entity463 and an @entity816 had 38.8%, 6.7% and 81.3% @entity538 -positive cells, respectively. Of the 10(4) cells studied, 91.6%, 79.1% and 40.8% were fibronectin-positive for @entity463 multiforme [12-18], @entity3271 [12-10] and fetal brain [CHII] cells, respectively. Two fibroblast lines had 33.5% and 43.1% of the cells expressing fibronectin. The validity of these results was confirmed by staining for @entity538 and fibronectin using peroxidase-antiperoxidase and immunofluorescence microscopy. Using low angle forward light scatter to estimate cell size and gating techniques it was found that @entity538 -positive CHII and @entity816 cells were generally larger than @entity538 -negative cells of the same type. No correlation between cell size and fibronectin expression was found for @entity463 [12-18] cells. These results demonstrate the validity of the described methods and illustrate some specific applications and the potential value of flow cytometry to neurooncology.

title: Application of flow cytometry to analyses of cultured @entity1 XXXX and fetal brain cells.

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Methods are described to study cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens of cultured @entity1 @entity11 , fetal brain cells and fibroblasts using flow cytometry. This required harvesting the cultured cells with @entity1098 or mild trypsin treatment and fixation in 4% @entity1604 prior to staining for @entity538 ( @entity538 ) and fibronectin using indirect immunofluorescence. At passage 10, 38% of fetal brain cells [CHII] were @entity538 -positive but at passage 14 only 3.5% expressed @entity538 . Two @entity463 and an @entity816 had 38.8%, 6.7% and 81.3% @entity538 -positive cells, respectively. Of the 10(4) cells studied, 91.6%, 79.1% and 40.8% were fibronectin-positive for @entity463 multiforme [12-18], @entity3271 [12-10] and fetal brain [CHII] cells, respectively. Two fibroblast lines had 33.5% and 43.1% of the cells expressing fibronectin. The validity of these results was confirmed by staining for @entity538 and fibronectin using peroxidase-antiperoxidase and immunofluorescence microscopy. Using low angle forward light scatter to estimate cell size and gating techniques it was found that @entity538 -positive CHII and @entity816 cells were generally larger than @entity538 -negative cells of the same type. No correlation between cell size and fibronectin expression was found for @entity463 [12-18] cells. These results demonstrate the validity of the described methods and illustrate some specific applications and the potential value of flow cytometry to neurooncology.

title: Application of flow cytometry to analyses of cultured XXXX @entity11 and fetal brain cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the observed usage trend of herbal and vitamin supplements in a population of @entity1 visiting a @entity263 screening clinic and its relation to the Sexual Health Inventory for @entity1 score and the American Urological Association Symptom Score (AUA-SS). METHODS: @entity1 participating in the 2001 and 2002 @entity263 Awareness Week screening for @entity263 were given a self-administered questionnaire. The questions were designed to gather background health information and to determine the use of prescription medications for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), as well as the use of herbal and vitamin supplements. In addition, the AUA-SS and Sexual Health Inventory for @entity1 score were calculated for each @entity1 in the study. RESULTS: The number of questionnaires completed was 12,457. Of the completed questionnaires, 70% of the @entity1 reported the use of multivitamins, and 21% reported the use of herbal supplements. Ten percent of all @entity1 reported the use of prescription medications for LUTS (AUA-SS greater than 15). Of the @entity1 reporting the use of prescription medications, 19% were taking @entity585 , 17% @entity16427 , 20% @entity7477 , 23% @entity9940 , and 22% other prescription medications. Moreover, the average AUA-SS was greater for the @entity1 taking herbs or supplements than for those who did not take herbs or supplements (P <0.001). Nonetheless, the Sexual Health Inventory for @entity1 score did not show a positive correlation between the intake of alternative medications and the severity of @entity323 . CONCLUSIONS: We observed that a substantial proportion of @entity1 with LUTS participating in a national @entity263 screening program were not taking prescription medications for these symptoms. Furthermore, we observed that @entity1 taking herbs or vitamin supplements tended to have higher AUA scores. Additional investigation is warranted into the reason some @entity1 are not receiving standard prescription medications for LUTS and whether reliance on alternative treatments is playing a role in this phenomenon.

title: Herbal and vitamin supplement use in a XXXX screening population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity7477 :: ('MESH:C041226', 'Chemical') :: ['terazosin']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5837 ( @entity5837 ) is a leading cause of hospitalization and death of @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). An evidence-based @entity5837 / @entity3458 guideline was established to standardize care throughout the institution in February 2008. However, by the summer of 2009 use of the guideline was inconsistent, and did not seem to have an impact on length of stay. As a result, an implementation program was developed. OBJECTIVE: This quality-improvement project evaluated the influence of the development and implementation of a clinical practice guideline for @entity1 with @entity3458 with @entity5837 or at risk for @entity5837 on clinical outcomes. METHODS: Clinical outcomes of 139 @entity1 with @entity3458 were evaluated before and after the development of the implementation program. Outcomes included average length of stay, number of exchange transfusions, average cost per @entity3458 admission, and documentation of the clinical respiratory score and pulmonary interventions. RESULTS: Average length of stay decreased from 5.8 days before implementation of the guideline to 4.1 days after implementation (P = .033). No @entity1 required an exchange transfusion. Average cost per @entity3458 admission decreased from  30 359 before guideline implementation to  22 368. Documentation of the clinical respiratory score increased from 31.0% before implementation to 75.5%, which is an improvement of 44.5% (P < .001). Documentation of incentive spirometry and positive expiratory pressure increased from 23.3% before implementation to 50.4%, which is an improvement of 27.1% (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a guideline for @entity1 with @entity3458 with @entity5837 or at risk for @entity5837 improved outcomes for @entity1 with @entity3458 .

title: Improving care for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['Acute chest syndrome', 'ACS']

answer: @entity5837 :: (MESH:D056586,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease/acute chest syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5837 ( @entity5837 ) is a leading cause of hospitalization and death of @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). An evidence-based @entity5837 / @entity3458 guideline was established to standardize care throughout the institution in February 2008. However, by the summer of 2009 use of the guideline was inconsistent, and did not seem to have an impact on length of stay. As a result, an implementation program was developed. OBJECTIVE: This quality-improvement project evaluated the influence of the development and implementation of a clinical practice guideline for @entity1 with @entity3458 with @entity5837 or at risk for @entity5837 on clinical outcomes. METHODS: Clinical outcomes of 139 @entity1 with @entity3458 were evaluated before and after the development of the implementation program. Outcomes included average length of stay, number of exchange transfusions, average cost per @entity3458 admission, and documentation of the clinical respiratory score and pulmonary interventions. RESULTS: Average length of stay decreased from 5.8 days before implementation of the guideline to 4.1 days after implementation (P = .033). No @entity1 required an exchange transfusion. Average cost per @entity3458 admission decreased from  30 359 before guideline implementation to  22 368. Documentation of the clinical respiratory score increased from 31.0% before implementation to 75.5%, which is an improvement of 44.5% (P < .001). Documentation of incentive spirometry and positive expiratory pressure increased from 23.3% before implementation to 50.4%, which is an improvement of 27.1% (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a guideline for @entity1 with @entity3458 with @entity5837 or at risk for @entity5837 improved outcomes for @entity1 with @entity3458 .

title: Improving care for XXXX with @entity5837 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In the sea urchin embryo, the skeleton of the larva is built from a population of mesenchymal cells known as the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). These derive from the large micromeres that originate from the vegetal pole at fourth cleavage. At the blastula stage, the 32 cells of this lineage detach from the epithelium and ingress into the blastocoel by a process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We report that shortly before ingression, there is a transient and highly localized activation of the MAP-kinase @entity3963 in the micromere lineage. We show that ingression of the PMCs requires the activity of @entity3963 , @entity8047 and @entity8496 , and depends on the maternal Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway. Dissociation experiments and injection of mRNA encoding a dominant-negative form of Ras indicated that this activation is probably cell autonomous. We identified the transcription factors @entity12136 and @entity25820 as putative targets of the phosphorylation by @entity3963 . Both proteins contain a single consensus site for phosphorylation by the MAP kinase @entity3963 . In addition, the @entity12136 protein sequence contains a putative @entity3963 docking site. Overexpression of @entity12136 by injection of synthetic mRNA in the egg caused a dramatic increase in the number of cells becoming mesenchymal at the blastula stage. This effect could be largely inhibited by treating embryos with the @entity8047 inhibitor @entity5732 . Moreover, mutations in the consensus phosphorylation motif substituting @entity1889 107 by an aspartic or an @entity493 residue resulted respectively in a constitutively active form of @entity12136 that could not be inhibited by @entity5732 or in an inactive form of @entity12136 . These results show that the MAP kinase pathway, working through phosphorylation of @entity12136 , is required for full specification of the PMCs and their subsequent transition from epithelial to mesenchymal state.

title: A XXXX / @entity8047 / @entity3963 signaling pathway is required for development of the sea urchin embryo micromere lineage through phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ets.

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity8496 :: (22882,Gene) :: ['Raf']


abstract: In the sea urchin embryo, the skeleton of the larva is built from a population of mesenchymal cells known as the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). These derive from the large micromeres that originate from the vegetal pole at fourth cleavage. At the blastula stage, the 32 cells of this lineage detach from the epithelium and ingress into the blastocoel by a process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We report that shortly before ingression, there is a transient and highly localized activation of the MAP-kinase @entity3963 in the micromere lineage. We show that ingression of the PMCs requires the activity of @entity3963 , @entity8047 and @entity8496 , and depends on the maternal Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway. Dissociation experiments and injection of mRNA encoding a dominant-negative form of Ras indicated that this activation is probably cell autonomous. We identified the transcription factors @entity12136 and @entity25820 as putative targets of the phosphorylation by @entity3963 . Both proteins contain a single consensus site for phosphorylation by the MAP kinase @entity3963 . In addition, the @entity12136 protein sequence contains a putative @entity3963 docking site. Overexpression of @entity12136 by injection of synthetic mRNA in the egg caused a dramatic increase in the number of cells becoming mesenchymal at the blastula stage. This effect could be largely inhibited by treating embryos with the @entity8047 inhibitor @entity5732 . Moreover, mutations in the consensus phosphorylation motif substituting @entity1889 107 by an aspartic or an @entity493 residue resulted respectively in a constitutively active form of @entity12136 that could not be inhibited by @entity5732 or in an inactive form of @entity12136 . These results show that the MAP kinase pathway, working through phosphorylation of @entity12136 , is required for full specification of the PMCs and their subsequent transition from epithelial to mesenchymal state.

title: A @entity8496 / @entity8047 / XXXX signaling pathway is required for development of the sea urchin embryo micromere lineage through phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ets.

answer: @entity3963 :: (5594,Gene) :: ['ERK']


abstract: In the sea urchin embryo, the skeleton of the larva is built from a population of mesenchymal cells known as the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). These derive from the large micromeres that originate from the vegetal pole at fourth cleavage. At the blastula stage, the 32 cells of this lineage detach from the epithelium and ingress into the blastocoel by a process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We report that shortly before ingression, there is a transient and highly localized activation of the MAP-kinase @entity3963 in the micromere lineage. We show that ingression of the PMCs requires the activity of @entity3963 , @entity8047 and @entity8496 , and depends on the maternal Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway. Dissociation experiments and injection of mRNA encoding a dominant-negative form of Ras indicated that this activation is probably cell autonomous. We identified the transcription factors @entity12136 and @entity25820 as putative targets of the phosphorylation by @entity3963 . Both proteins contain a single consensus site for phosphorylation by the MAP kinase @entity3963 . In addition, the @entity12136 protein sequence contains a putative @entity3963 docking site. Overexpression of @entity12136 by injection of synthetic mRNA in the egg caused a dramatic increase in the number of cells becoming mesenchymal at the blastula stage. This effect could be largely inhibited by treating embryos with the @entity8047 inhibitor @entity5732 . Moreover, mutations in the consensus phosphorylation motif substituting @entity1889 107 by an aspartic or an @entity493 residue resulted respectively in a constitutively active form of @entity12136 that could not be inhibited by @entity5732 or in an inactive form of @entity12136 . These results show that the MAP kinase pathway, working through phosphorylation of @entity12136 , is required for full specification of the PMCs and their subsequent transition from epithelial to mesenchymal state.

title: A @entity8496 / XXXX / @entity3963 signaling pathway is required for development of the sea urchin embryo micromere lineage through phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ets.

answer: @entity8047 :: (5609,Gene) :: ['MEK']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A subset of @entity1 with mild @entity131 (mTBI) experience long-term difficulties. Preinjury stress has been hypothesised to play a role in long-term maintenance of symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive ability of preinjury stressful life events and post-traumatic stress symptoms to health-related quality of life and @entity147 after mTBI. METHODS: Within 2 weeks of injury, 186 @entity1 with mTBI who were admitted to an emergency centre completed an interview and questionnaires regarding preinjury functioning, including the Stressful Life Events Questionnaire and the @entity1005 Checklist. Outcomes were assessed at 3 months after injury and included the @entity308 and @entity148 subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the physical and mental component scores of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The incidence and type of stressful life events were reported. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine the predictive utility of Stressful Life Events Questionnaire and @entity1005 Checklist after controlling for age, injury severity (complicated versus uncomplicated mild) and preinjury @entity308 . RESULTS: Several potentially life-altering stressful events were endorsed by at least 25% of @entity1 as having been experienced prior to injury. The incidence of stressful life events was a significant predictor of all four outcome variables. History of post-traumatic stress symptoms was predictive of scores on the SF-36 mental health component. CONCLUSIONS: A history of stressful events may predispose @entity1 with mTBI to have poor outcomes. History of stress should be assessed during the early stages after mTBI to help identify those who could benefit from therapies to assist with adjustment and maximise recovery.

title: Predictive ability of preinjury stressful life events and post-traumatic stress symptoms for outcomes following mild XXXX : analysis in a prospective emergency room sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity788 is unresectable in 80% or more of @entity1 . @entity615 are the most common complications of the disease. These complications may be palliated effectively using minimally invasive techniques. Their combined application in a single setting is presented and discussed in this article. CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old @entity1 with a locally advanced @entity189 of the head of the pancreas presented @entity3883 and intractable @entity158 requiring opiate analgesia. An attempt at endoscopic biliary stenting was unsuccessful, and a percutaneous biopsy was deemed unsafe. Preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiography showed cystic duct insertion abutting the upper limit of the biliary stricture. A laparoscopic Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, prophylactic loop gastroenterostomy, and @entity5 biopsy were combined with a bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnotomy. RESULT: Surgery and subsequent recovery were uneventful, and the @entity1 was discharged from hospital on the fourth postoperative day off opiates. He remained free of @entity1087 and severe @entity158 , until 6 months later, when he represented with @entity1087 , @entity3085 , and proximal small bowel obstruction secondary to multiple liver and peritoneal metastases. He underwent further palliative laparoscopic enteric bypass with resolution of the @entity1321 , but died of the disease 10 days later. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic gastric and biliary bypass and bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnotomy may be safely combined to provide an effective comprehensive minimally invasive palliation of incurable @entity788 .

title: Concomitant laparoscopic gastric and biliary bypass and bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnotomy: the full package of minimally invasive palliation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['with obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary and duodenal obstruction and intractable abdominal and back pain']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity910 is a disfiguring @entity717 of the orofacial region often caused by antipsychotic drugs. A wide range of strategies has been used to help manage @entity910 and, for @entity1 who are unable to have their antipsychotic medication stopped or substantially changed, the @entity460 -channel blocking group of drugs ( @entity3988 , @entity594 , @entity3931 , @entity1855 ) has been suggested as a useful adjunctive treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of @entity460 -channel blocker drugs ( @entity3988 , @entity594 , @entity3931 , @entity1855 ) for treatment of @entity3326 induced @entity910 in @entity1 with @entity161 , @entity914 or other chronic mental illnesses. SEARCH STRATEGY: We updated previous searches of the Cochrane @entity161 Group Register (1982-2000), Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2000), Cochrane @entity161 Group's register of trials (November 2000), EMBASE (1980-2000), LILACS (1982-2000), MEDLINE (1966-2000), PsycLIT (1974-2000), and SCISEARCH by searching the Cochrane @entity161 Group Register (September 2003). We searched references of all identified studies for further trial citations and contacted authors of trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised clinical trials comparing @entity460 -channel blockers to placebo or no intervention for @entity1 with both @entity910 and @entity161 or serious @entity1032 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were to have been independently extracted and analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of homogeneous dichotomous data were to have been calculated using a random effects model, and, where possible, the number needed to treat calculated. @entity353 ( @entity353 ) were to have been calculated for continuous data. MAIN RESULTS: No trials were included. We excluded fourteen studies; eight were not randomised, one did not use @entity460 channel blockers and five small, randomised, studies reported no usable data. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The effects of @entity460 -channel blockers for antipsychotic induced @entity910 are unknown. Their use is experimental and should only be given in the context of well designed randomised studies.

title: @entity460 channel blockers for @entity3326 induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['neuroleptic-']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'Weighted mean differences']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['tardive dyskinesia', 'Tardive dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['tardive dyskinesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity910 is a disfiguring @entity717 of the orofacial region often caused by antipsychotic drugs. A wide range of strategies has been used to help manage @entity910 and, for @entity1 who are unable to have their antipsychotic medication stopped or substantially changed, the @entity460 -channel blocking group of drugs ( @entity3988 , @entity594 , @entity3931 , @entity1855 ) has been suggested as a useful adjunctive treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of @entity460 -channel blocker drugs ( @entity3988 , @entity594 , @entity3931 , @entity1855 ) for treatment of @entity3326 induced @entity910 in @entity1 with @entity161 , @entity914 or other chronic mental illnesses. SEARCH STRATEGY: We updated previous searches of the Cochrane @entity161 Group Register (1982-2000), Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2000), Cochrane @entity161 Group's register of trials (November 2000), EMBASE (1980-2000), LILACS (1982-2000), MEDLINE (1966-2000), PsycLIT (1974-2000), and SCISEARCH by searching the Cochrane @entity161 Group Register (September 2003). We searched references of all identified studies for further trial citations and contacted authors of trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised clinical trials comparing @entity460 -channel blockers to placebo or no intervention for @entity1 with both @entity910 and @entity161 or serious @entity1032 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were to have been independently extracted and analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of homogeneous dichotomous data were to have been calculated using a random effects model, and, where possible, the number needed to treat calculated. @entity353 ( @entity353 ) were to have been calculated for continuous data. MAIN RESULTS: No trials were included. We excluded fourteen studies; eight were not randomised, one did not use @entity460 channel blockers and five small, randomised, studies reported no usable data. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The effects of @entity460 -channel blockers for antipsychotic induced @entity910 are unknown. Their use is experimental and should only be given in the context of well designed randomised studies.

title: XXXX channel blockers for @entity3326 induced @entity910 .

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity910 is a disfiguring @entity717 of the orofacial region often caused by antipsychotic drugs. A wide range of strategies has been used to help manage @entity910 and, for @entity1 who are unable to have their antipsychotic medication stopped or substantially changed, the @entity460 -channel blocking group of drugs ( @entity3988 , @entity594 , @entity3931 , @entity1855 ) has been suggested as a useful adjunctive treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of @entity460 -channel blocker drugs ( @entity3988 , @entity594 , @entity3931 , @entity1855 ) for treatment of @entity3326 induced @entity910 in @entity1 with @entity161 , @entity914 or other chronic mental illnesses. SEARCH STRATEGY: We updated previous searches of the Cochrane @entity161 Group Register (1982-2000), Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2000), Cochrane @entity161 Group's register of trials (November 2000), EMBASE (1980-2000), LILACS (1982-2000), MEDLINE (1966-2000), PsycLIT (1974-2000), and SCISEARCH by searching the Cochrane @entity161 Group Register (September 2003). We searched references of all identified studies for further trial citations and contacted authors of trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised clinical trials comparing @entity460 -channel blockers to placebo or no intervention for @entity1 with both @entity910 and @entity161 or serious @entity1032 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were to have been independently extracted and analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of homogeneous dichotomous data were to have been calculated using a random effects model, and, where possible, the number needed to treat calculated. @entity353 ( @entity353 ) were to have been calculated for continuous data. MAIN RESULTS: No trials were included. We excluded fourteen studies; eight were not randomised, one did not use @entity460 channel blockers and five small, randomised, studies reported no usable data. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The effects of @entity460 -channel blockers for antipsychotic induced @entity910 are unknown. Their use is experimental and should only be given in the context of well designed randomised studies.

title: @entity460 channel blockers for XXXX induced @entity910 .

answer: @entity3326 :: (MESH:D009459,Disease) :: ['neuroleptic-']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Granulopoiesis-stimulating factors ( @entity1261 and @entity2841 ) are being used to prevent @entity1398 and @entity281 in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity706 . The question whether @entity1261 and @entity2841 improve dose-intensity, @entity5 response and @entity1349 in this @entity1 population has not been answered yet. Since the results from single studies are inconclusive a systematic review was required. OBJECTIVES: To undertake a systematic review in @entity1 with @entity706 to determine the effectiveness of @entity1261 and @entity2841 to prevent @entity1398 , @entity1398 , @entity281 , improve quality of life, adherence to the treatment protocol, @entity5 response, freedom from treatment failure (FFTF), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and to assess adverse events of @entity1261 and @entity2841 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Medline, Embase, CancerLit, the Cochrane Library and smaller databases, Internet-databases of ongoing trials, conference proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology were searched. We included full-text and abstract publications as well as unpublished data. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing prophylaxis with @entity1261 or @entity2841 versus placebo/no prophylaxis in adult @entity1 with @entity706 undergoing chemotherapy were included in this review. Both study arms had to receive identical chemotherapy and supportive care. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Eligibility and quality assessment, data extraction and analysis were done in duplicate. Authors were contacted to obtain missing data. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 eligible studies with 1.823 randomised @entity1 . Compared with no prophylaxis, G-/ @entity2841 significantly reduced the relative risk for severe @entity1398 (RR 0.67 [95% CI 0.60-0.73]), @entity1398 (RR 0.74 [95% CI 0.62-0.89]) and @entity281 (RR 0.74 [95% CI 0.64-0.85]). There was no evidence for G-/ @entity2841 to decrease the number of @entity1 who required iv antibiotics (RR 0.82 [95%CI 0.57-1.18]), to reduce @entity281 related mortality (RR 1.37 [95% CI 0.66-2.82]), or to improve complete @entity5 response (RR 1.02 [95% CI 0.94-1.11]), FFTF (HR 1.11 [95% CI 0.91-1.35]) and @entity1349 (HR 1.00 [95% CI 0.86-1.16]). One study evaluated quality of life parameters and did not find differences between the groups. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: @entity1261 and @entity2841 , when given prophylactically in @entity1 with @entity706 undergoing conventional chemotherapy, reduce the risk of @entity1398 , @entity1398 and @entity281 . However, based on the currently available randomised trials in this clinical setting, there is no evidence for G-/ @entity2841 to provide a significant advantage in terms of complete @entity5 response, FFTF and @entity1349 .

title: Granulopoiesis-stimulating factors to prevent adverse effects in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is the most common hereditary cause of @entity454 . The complications associated with this disease may affect the performance of @entity298 ( @entity298 ). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes between @entity1 on @entity298 with @entity8 and without @entity8 .We extracted an incident cohort of adult (>= 20 years old) @entity1 on long-term @entity298 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. @entity1 with @entity8 were identified by specific diagnosis codes. We recorded baseline comorbidities, socioeconomic status, timing of referral to a nephrologist, prior hemodialysis history before @entity298 , and the type of @entity298 modalities. We compared the risk of @entity204 , technique failure, @entity298 , hospitalization, and outpatient visiting as well as overall medical expenditure between the @entity1 with @entity8 and a groups of @entity1 without @entity8 who were propensity-score matched (1:3). The analysis was carried out by various Cox regression models that considered competing risk and time-varying coefficients.We enrolled 139 @entity1 with @entity8 and 7739 @entity1 without @entity8 who started long-term @entity298 between 1999 and 2010. @entity1 with @entity8 were less comorbid and more often treated with automated @entity298 . In the propensity-score matched analysis, both overall survival and technique survival did not differ between the @entity1 and the result was similar for hospitalization and @entity298 after adjusting for the application of automated @entity298 . Furthermore, the overall annual medical expenditures were similar between the @entity1 with and without @entity8 . @entity298 @entity1 with @entity8 are comparable to @entity298 @entity1 without @entity8 in terms of risk of @entity204 , @entity298 , technique failure, and hospitalization in the present study. Furthermore, the medical expenses of the 2 groups after initiation of @entity298 are also indistinguishable.

title: Outcome Comparisons Between @entity1 on Peritoneal Dialysis With and Without XXXX : A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['PCKD', 'Polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Polycystic Kidney Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is the most common hereditary cause of @entity454 . The complications associated with this disease may affect the performance of @entity298 ( @entity298 ). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes between @entity1 on @entity298 with @entity8 and without @entity8 .We extracted an incident cohort of adult (>= 20 years old) @entity1 on long-term @entity298 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. @entity1 with @entity8 were identified by specific diagnosis codes. We recorded baseline comorbidities, socioeconomic status, timing of referral to a nephrologist, prior hemodialysis history before @entity298 , and the type of @entity298 modalities. We compared the risk of @entity204 , technique failure, @entity298 , hospitalization, and outpatient visiting as well as overall medical expenditure between the @entity1 with @entity8 and a groups of @entity1 without @entity8 who were propensity-score matched (1:3). The analysis was carried out by various Cox regression models that considered competing risk and time-varying coefficients.We enrolled 139 @entity1 with @entity8 and 7739 @entity1 without @entity8 who started long-term @entity298 between 1999 and 2010. @entity1 with @entity8 were less comorbid and more often treated with automated @entity298 . In the propensity-score matched analysis, both overall survival and technique survival did not differ between the @entity1 and the result was similar for hospitalization and @entity298 after adjusting for the application of automated @entity298 . Furthermore, the overall annual medical expenditures were similar between the @entity1 with and without @entity8 . @entity298 @entity1 with @entity8 are comparable to @entity298 @entity1 without @entity8 in terms of risk of @entity204 , @entity298 , technique failure, and hospitalization in the present study. Furthermore, the medical expenses of the 2 groups after initiation of @entity298 are also indistinguishable.

title: Outcome Comparisons Between XXXX on Peritoneal Dialysis With and Without @entity8 : A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM: To use computed tomography (CT) to diagnose the reasons for @entity99 ( @entity99 ) in the case of an elderly male @entity1 . METHODS: This is a case study of an elderly male @entity1 who suffered acute, obvious abdominal @entity158 accompanied with stop of exhaust defecation following three days of @entity294 , @entity1661 and @entity391 . The @entity1 also developed @entity565 , which gradually became severe. The @entity1 was admitted to the hospital where he underwent a physical examination and a CT scan. RESULTS: The CT results confirmed that the @entity1 was suffering from @entity99 caused by severe @entity294 . The CT scan showed obvious expansion and @entity14515 in the enteric cavity and @entity9285 in the intestinal wall. Also, the intrahepatic portal branches and small branches of veins in the mesentery were filled with a high density of gas. The combination of many factors led to @entity99 . Gastrointestinal mucosa and pressure accompanied with @entity281 were the main factors. The case report revealed that gas in the enteric cavity went into the submucosa, then into the small branches of veins in the mesentery, and finally into the intrahepatic portal vein system. CONCLUSIONS: Computed examination revealed the imaging features of @entity99 . Hepatic portal venous gas suggested the growth of enteric cavity pressure, the @entity16 , and @entity281 , providing references for clinical diagnosis.

title: Computed Tomography Identifies Hepatic Portal Venous Gas Caused by Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage of intestinal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal septic infection', 'intestinal infection']

entities_list: @entity14515 :: ('MESH:D011006', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['HPVG', 'hepatic portal venous gas']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['Diarrhoea']


abstract: AIM: To explore the treatment experience of the perioperative nursing of @entity1498 . METHODS: From June 2012 to December 2013, a total of 15 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1498 were retrospectively studied and sorted into the observation group in our hospital. Also, 12 @entity1 admitted between January 2010 and December 2012 was sorted into control group. Combined intravenous anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass were conducted on all the @entity1 . @entity1 in observation group underwent perioperative nursing, including preoperative nursing (evaluating disease conditions, improving pre-operative preparation and pre-operative discussion) and postoperative nursing (transferred into ICU, respiratory management, circulation system management, nutrition support nursing, using intravenous drugs). @entity1 in the control group were treated with common nursing. Clinical effects of both groups were compared. RESULTS: 14 out of 15 cases in the treatment group were cured and discharged from the hospital after a 6~12-month follow-up. All @entity1 had good prognosis, except one case quit the treatment and @entity998 . CONCLUSION: With the improvement in the skills of a repair operation, extracorporeal circulation and monitoring as well as nursing, the restenosis incident rate and morality rate were effectively reduced. Meanwhile, taking an initiative for comprehensive prevention nursing measures during peri-operation is an important guarantee to a successful operation and prognosis.

title: Clinical analysis of perioperative nursing of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['left hospital for obstinate low output syndrome']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation of the aorta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2014 Guidelines for the Management of @entity1 with @entity340 require to know the probability of success and operative mortality of Mitral Valve Repair (MVR) for @entity339 ( @entity339 ) at a given institution. AIM: To assess the probability of success, operative mortality and long-term results of MVR for @entity339 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The database of the Cardiovascular Surgery Service was reviewed for the period December 1991 to December 2013. Long-term survival information was obtained from death certificate records of the Chilean Identification Service. RESULTS: One hundred forty seven @entity1 with @entity339 were identified, all operated by one author (RZ). In 28 (19%) the mitral valve was replaced, including three @entity1 in whom a MVR was intended without success. A successful MVR was performed in 119 @entity1 (81%). The probability of a successful MVR was 97.5% (119 of 122). Prolapsed posterior leaflet was present in 81% and annulus dilatation in 60% of cases. The most frequent surgical procedures were quadrilateral resection (83%) and chordal transfer (13%). A mitral annuloplasty was performed in 92% of cases. Operative mortality was 0.8%. At the end of a 9.9 (0 - 22.7) years follow-up, 87 @entity1 (73%) were alive and mean survival was 16.9 years. Survival rates at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were 91%, 78%, 71% and 50%, respectively. Six @entity1 were re-operated, due to mitral @entity340 in three. Mean re-operation free survival was 21.4 years. Echocardiographic follow-up was 75% completed at an average of 64 months; 84% of cases had no or only 1+ @entity339 . CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, MVR for @entity339 had an operative mortality below 1% and a probability of success greater than 95%, with excellent long-term results.

title: [Mitral valve repair for XXXX : likelihood of success, early and-long term results at 20 years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['Valvular Heart Disease', 'valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['DMI', 'Degenerative Mitral Insufficiency', 'mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['degenerative mitral insufficiency']


abstract: We have recently reported a systematic variation in integrated ultrasonic backscatter throughout the cardiac cycle in @entity235 hearts. This study was performed to determine whether the pattern of such variation is modified systematically by @entity63 . Measurements of integrated ultrasonic backscatter in selected regions of normal, @entity63 , and reperfused hearts were compared in view of known differences in systolic function of myocardium in each of these regions. Integrated ultrasonic backscatter (3-7 MHz) gated to the first derivative of left ventricular pressure was measured at the apex, midwall, and base in 10 @entity235 and at the apex before and during transient @entity63 and reperfusion in four @entity235 . Quantitative integrated ultrasonic backscatter was referenced to a steel reflector. Cyclic variation of integrated ultrasonic backscatter was greatest at the apex [peak to trough variation 5.5 +/- 0.9 dB (mean +/- SE)] with the maximum near end diastole (-52.9 +/- 0.9 dB) and minimum near end systole (-58.4 +/- 1.0 dB). Variation at the apex (5.5 +/- 0.9 dB) and the midwall (4.3 +/- 0.8 dB) was greater than at the base (0.5 +/- 1.0 dB) (P less than 0.01 for either region compared with base). Left anterior descending @entity1563 for 10 minutes in four of 10 @entity235 reduced variation at the apex to 0.4 +/- 1.5 dB (P less than 0.02 compared with preocclusion). Reperfusion for 2 hours restored apical cyclic variation to 3.9 +/- 1.7 dB, i.e., to values not significantly different from those before occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX and reperfusion on cardiac cycle-dependent variation of myocardial ultrasonic backscatter.

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary artery occlusion']


abstract: The cardiac extracellular matrix consists of a three-dimensional structural network of interstitial collagens to which other matrix components are attached. The main physiological functions of this network are to retain tissue integrity and cardiac pump function. Collagen deposition is controlled and can be modulated by hormonal factors, growth factors, cytokines, regulatory proteins and/or hemodynamic factors. Increased collagen deposition is a prerequisite to prevent dilatation of the infarcted area. Excessive accumulation of collagen leads to @entity67 and ultimately contributes to @entity712 . An appropriate balance of extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation is required for normal morphogenesis and maintenance of tissue architecture. A disbalance in the extracellular matrix turnover either by decreased matrix synthesis and/or increased degradation leads to less than normal extracellular matrix in the myocardium which in its turn may lead to @entity384 or even @entity397 . Extracellular matrix degrading enzymes expressed after @entity583 belong to the families of @entity563 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and are secreted as latent proenzymes that have to be activated. It is crucial to keep the activity of these enzymes under tight control by either influencing the synthesis, activation or inhibition by tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) or @entity5843 . First studies using MMP inhibitors in experimental models of @entity583 seem to give attenuation of ventricular geometry but not always improvement of cardiac function. A central role in the activation of MMPs plays the plasminogen-plasmin system. Invasion of inflammatory cells and hitherto the rest of the wound healing cascade is inhibited in plasminogen or @entity35010 deficient @entity19 , most likely by the inhibition of MMP activity. Regulating the balance of extracellular matrix remodeling either by extracellular matrix synthesis or degradation might be one of the possible prevention mechanisms for @entity712 . But also regeneration of the vascular and cardiomyocyte network might be potential new treatments for @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: Integration of concepts: cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5843 :: ('2', 'Gene') :: ['alpha2-macroglobulin']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dilatation']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 , as well as subsequent ocular complications such as @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ), are of fundametal socio-economic relevance. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal on longterm morphological and functional outcome in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) type 2 and chronic @entity1103 without evident vitreomacular traction. METHOD: Forty eyes with attached posterior hyaloid were included in this prospective trial and randomized intraoperatively. Prior focal (n   =   31) or panretinal (n   =   25) laser coagulation was permitted. Group I (n   =   19 @entity1 ) underwent surgical induction of @entity20699 ( @entity20699 ), group II (n   =   20 @entity1 ) @entity20699 and removal of the ILM. Eleven @entity1 with detached posterior hyaloid (group III) were not randomized, and ILM removal was performed. One eye had to be excluded from further analysis. Examinations included ETDRS best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), @entity941 angiography (FLA) and OCT at baseline, 3 and 6  months postoperatively. Main outcome measure was BCVA at 6  months, secondary was foveal thickness. RESULTS: Mean BCVA over 6  months remained unchanged in 85% of @entity1 of group II, and decreased in 53% of @entity1 of group I. Results were not statistically significant different [group I: mean decrease log MAR 95% CI (0.06; 0.32), group II: (-0.02; 0.11)]. OCT revealed a significantly greater reduction of foveal thickness following @entity20699 with ILM removal [group I: mean change: 95% CI (-208.95   m; -78.05   m), group II: (-80.90   m: +59.17   m)]. CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy, @entity20699 with or without ILM removal does not improve vision in @entity1 with @entity6 and cystoid @entity1103 without evident vitreoretinal traction. ILM delamination shows improved morphological results, and appears to be beneficial in eyes with preexisting @entity20699 .

title: Pars plana vitrectomy for XXXX . Internal limiting membrane delamination vs posterior hyaloid removal. A prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'DM type 2', 'diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema', 'cystoid macular edema', 'CME']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['PVD', 'posterior vitreous detachment']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that 12-lead ECG QRS scoring quantifies @entity296 and correlates with disease severity in @entity299 . DESIGN: @entity1 underwent 12-lead ECG for QRS scoring and cardiac magnetic resonance with late @entity2287 enhancement (CMR-LGE) to assess @entity296 . SETTING: University of S  o Paulo Medical School, S  o Paulo, Brazil. @entity1 : 44 Seropositive @entity1 with @entity1526 without a history of @entity583 and at low risk for @entity453 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation between QRS score, CMR-LGE scar size and left ventricular ejection fraction. Relation between QRS score, @entity712 ( @entity712 ) class and history of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). RESULTS: QRS score correlated directly with CMR-LGE scar size (R=0.69, p<0.0001) and inversely with left ventricular ejection fraction (R=-0.54, p=0.0002), which remained significant in the subgroup with @entity8526 . @entity1 with class II or III @entity712 had significantly higher QRS scores than those with class I @entity712 (5.1  3.4 vs 2.1  3.1 QRS points (p=0.002)) and @entity1 with a history of @entity1165 had significantly higher QRS scores than those without a history of @entity1165 (5.3  3.2% vs 2.6  3.4 QRS points (p=0.02)). A QRS score >= 2 points had particularly good sensitivity and specificity (95% and 83%, respectively) for prediction of large CMR-LGE, and a QRS score >= 7 points had particularly high specificity (92% and 89%, respectively) for predicting significant @entity1002 and history of @entity1165 . CONCLUSIONS: The wide availability of 12-lead ECG makes it an attractive screening tool and may enhance clinical risk stratification of @entity1 at risk for more severe, symptomatic @entity299 .

title: ECG scar quantification correlates with cardiac magnetic resonance scar size and prognostic factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scar']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' heart disease"]

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas' disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The applause sign, originally reported as a specific sign of @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ), has recently been found in several @entity4652 . Its nature is still uncertain. It has been interpreted as a motor perseveration or a form of @entity1742 . The present study aims to: (a) verify the specificity of the applause sign for @entity4652 , examining the presence of the applause sign in cortical @entity303 which should be error free and (b) clarify the nature of the applause sign (resulting or not from @entity1742 ). METHODS: 77 subjects were included: 10 @entity7463 , 15 @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ), 29 @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and 23 normal controls. The presence of @entity1742 was an exclusion criterion. All @entity1 underwent a detailed neuropsychological examination, and cognitive performance was correlated to the applause sign. RESULTS: All @entity1 groups showed the applause sign and differed significantly from normal subjects who were error free. No difference was found when comparing @entity7463 with @entity4943 and @entity4943 with @entity195 . @entity195 differed significantly from @entity7463 but they were not error free (31% of @entity1 with @entity195 showed the applause sign). The only correlation with background neuropsychology was found for measures of executive functions. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the applause sign in cortical @entity303 does not confirm the specificity of the applause sign for @entity4652 . The applause sign should be interpreted as a sign of frontal @entity75 rather than a form of @entity1742 , and can likely be detected in any kind of disease which involves frontal lobe structures to some extent.

title: Applause sign: is it really specific for @entity4652 ? Evidence from cortical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4652 :: ('MESH:D020734', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lobe dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy', 'PSP']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The applause sign, originally reported as a specific sign of @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ), has recently been found in several @entity4652 . Its nature is still uncertain. It has been interpreted as a motor perseveration or a form of @entity1742 . The present study aims to: (a) verify the specificity of the applause sign for @entity4652 , examining the presence of the applause sign in cortical @entity303 which should be error free and (b) clarify the nature of the applause sign (resulting or not from @entity1742 ). METHODS: 77 subjects were included: 10 @entity7463 , 15 @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ), 29 @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and 23 normal controls. The presence of @entity1742 was an exclusion criterion. All @entity1 underwent a detailed neuropsychological examination, and cognitive performance was correlated to the applause sign. RESULTS: All @entity1 groups showed the applause sign and differed significantly from normal subjects who were error free. No difference was found when comparing @entity7463 with @entity4943 and @entity4943 with @entity195 . @entity195 differed significantly from @entity7463 but they were not error free (31% of @entity1 with @entity195 showed the applause sign). The only correlation with background neuropsychology was found for measures of executive functions. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the applause sign in cortical @entity303 does not confirm the specificity of the applause sign for @entity4652 . The applause sign should be interpreted as a sign of frontal @entity75 rather than a form of @entity1742 , and can likely be detected in any kind of disease which involves frontal lobe structures to some extent.

title: Applause sign: is it really specific for XXXX ? Evidence from cortical @entity303 .

answer: @entity4652 :: (MESH:D020734,Disease) :: ['Parkinsonian disorders']