abstract: The pharmacokinetics of isolated limb perfusion were studied to see what melphalan concentrations were achieved and how effective the isolation was. Twenty-eight @entity1 received 32 limb perfusions with heat and melphalan for locally recurrent or level V @entity320 . Melphalan was given 0.75 mg/kg for axillary/popliteal or 1.2 mg/kg for femoral perfusions with heat (perfusate 42 degrees C, limb 40 degrees C) for 1 hour. @entity3601 concentratives were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in seven @entity1 . Peak perfusate melphalan concentrations were 6.1 to 115 mg/ml, which was one to two logs higher than peak systemic concentratives of melphalan. Isolation of the perfusate circuit from the systemic circulation was better for axillary and popliteal perfusions than for femoral perfusions (P less than 0.05). Complete responses were seen in 81% of evaluable @entity1 ; long-term local control was achieved in most @entity1 , although many developed hematogenous metastases. @entity137 included erythema and @entity4 in all, mild @entity1431 in two, @entity16 in two, and amputation was required in one @entity1 . Improvements in surgical technique include regional anesthesia to reduce vasospasms and transcutaneous measurement of @entity941 to measure leak. Perfusion with heat and melphalan remains the treatment of choice for in-transit metastases from @entity320 .

title: A clinical and pharmacokinetic study of isolated limb perfusion with heat and melphalan for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['Melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although player-to-player contact is a risk factor in the majority of soccer @entity130 , the mechanisms leading to these @entity130 have not been analyzed. PURPOSE: To assess the relationships between foot/ @entity3681 and foul play and tackle type, and to identify the position of the foot and ankle at the time of injury. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: Team physicians prospectively recorded each @entity130 , and the videotaped incident leading to the injury was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Of 76 foot and @entity3681 (52 contusions, 20 sprains, 4 @entity174 ), direct contact occurred between players in 72. Significantly more @entity130 involved a tackle from the side and a lateral or medial tackle force. The injured limb was weightbearing in 41 and nonweightbearing in 35 of the incidents. Significantly more @entity130 resulted in time lost from soccer when the limb was weightbearing. The most common foot and ankle positions at the time of injury were pronated/neutral in the sagittal plane for weightbearing limbs, and plantar flexed/neutral in the coronal plane for nonweightbearing limbs. The most common foot and @entity717 at the time of injury were external (23) and eversion (28). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity130 were caused by tackles involving lateral or medial forces that created a corresponding eversion or inversion rotation of the foot or ankle. The weightbearing status of the injured limb was a significant risk factor.

title: Mechanisms of foot and XXXX in soccer.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ankle rotations']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury in four world soccer competitions', 'injuries']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle injuries']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is a central nervous system stimulant drug that increases concentration and energy level. The safety of @entity7541 use during pregnancy is not well established. Considering the high rate of unplanned pregnancy among young @entity1 , potential for accidental exposure to @entity7541 in early pregnancy is high. This study aimed to investigate if @entity7541 administered during pregnancy would induce maternotoxicity, teratogenicity in @entity19 , or both. Pregnant Swiss @entity19 were treated with @entity7541 (5   mg/kg, subcutaneously) or 0.9% saline (control group) from the 5th to the 17th day of pregnancy. In the @entity7541 -treated group, a significant increase in the total number of resorptions with a consequent increase in post-implantation loss and a decrease in fetal viability were detected (all P < 0.05). A total of 91.43% of resorptions were classified as early resorptions. The group treated with @entity7541 presented significant external (polydactyly P < 0.01), skeletal (incomplete ossification of the skull P < 0.01) and visceral (dilated ventricles P < 0.05) @entity600 . Behavioural effects (motor activity, memory of habituation and @entity148 ) were not observed in both male and female offspring evaluated at postnatal days 22, 35 and 75. The results suggest that @entity7541 is an embryotoxic and teratogenic drug.

title: Investigation of possible teratogenic effects in the offspring of @entity19 exposed to XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is a central nervous system stimulant drug that increases concentration and energy level. The safety of @entity7541 use during pregnancy is not well established. Considering the high rate of unplanned pregnancy among young @entity1 , potential for accidental exposure to @entity7541 in early pregnancy is high. This study aimed to investigate if @entity7541 administered during pregnancy would induce maternotoxicity, teratogenicity in @entity19 , or both. Pregnant Swiss @entity19 were treated with @entity7541 (5   mg/kg, subcutaneously) or 0.9% saline (control group) from the 5th to the 17th day of pregnancy. In the @entity7541 -treated group, a significant increase in the total number of resorptions with a consequent increase in post-implantation loss and a decrease in fetal viability were detected (all P < 0.05). A total of 91.43% of resorptions were classified as early resorptions. The group treated with @entity7541 presented significant external (polydactyly P < 0.01), skeletal (incomplete ossification of the skull P < 0.01) and visceral (dilated ventricles P < 0.05) @entity600 . Behavioural effects (motor activity, memory of habituation and @entity148 ) were not observed in both male and female offspring evaluated at postnatal days 22, 35 and 75. The results suggest that @entity7541 is an embryotoxic and teratogenic drug.

title: Investigation of possible teratogenic effects in the offspring of XXXX exposed to @entity2727 during pregnancy.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) response to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and to early cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in new-onset @entity296 ( @entity296 ) and @entity714 ( @entity714 ) is not well described. CRT is recommended if @entity1002 remains  <=35% after at least 3 months of GDMT. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe @entity1002 response to GDMT at 3 months and to early CRT in new-onset @entity714 -associated idiopathic @entity296 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in subjects with new-onset idiopathic @entity296 , @entity1002  <=35%, and @entity714 or narrow (<120 ms) QRS complex morphology. @entity1002 response between groups was evaluated with log-binomial and linear regression. @entity1002 response within groups was evaluated using the paired Student t test. RESULTS: In 102 subjects (70 with narrow QRS complex and 32 with @entity714 ), post-GDMT @entity1002 was >35% in 39 narrow QRS complex subjects (56%) and 2 @entity714 subjects (6%) (P < .0001). The absolute difference between post-GDMT @entity1002 and initial @entity1002 was greater in the narrow QRS complex group (16.1%    14.6% vs 3.3%    10.7%; P < .0001). Narrow QRS complex, referenced to @entity714 , was significantly associated with post-GDMT @entity1002 >35% (relative risk 10.30; 95% confidence interval 2.63-40.27; P = .0008) and absolute difference between post-GDMT @entity1002 and initial @entity1002 (b = 16.296; standard error = 2.977; P < .0001) in final multivariable analyses. CRT super-response, defined as post-CRT @entity1002 >= 50%, was observed in 8 of @entity714 subjects (35%) who received CRT. CONCLUSION: GDMT did not significantly improve @entity1002 in new-onset @entity714 -associated idiopathic @entity296 at 3 months. Most remained candidates for CRT, and a high percentage were super-responders. Optimal timing for CRT implantation requires further investigation.

title: New-onset @entity714 -associated XXXX and left ventricular ejection fraction response to guideline-directed therapies: The NEOLITH study.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy', 'NICM']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block', 'LBBB']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) response to guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and to early cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in new-onset @entity296 ( @entity296 ) and @entity714 ( @entity714 ) is not well described. CRT is recommended if @entity1002 remains  <=35% after at least 3 months of GDMT. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe @entity1002 response to GDMT at 3 months and to early CRT in new-onset @entity714 -associated idiopathic @entity296 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in subjects with new-onset idiopathic @entity296 , @entity1002  <=35%, and @entity714 or narrow (<120 ms) QRS complex morphology. @entity1002 response between groups was evaluated with log-binomial and linear regression. @entity1002 response within groups was evaluated using the paired Student t test. RESULTS: In 102 subjects (70 with narrow QRS complex and 32 with @entity714 ), post-GDMT @entity1002 was >35% in 39 narrow QRS complex subjects (56%) and 2 @entity714 subjects (6%) (P < .0001). The absolute difference between post-GDMT @entity1002 and initial @entity1002 was greater in the narrow QRS complex group (16.1%    14.6% vs 3.3%    10.7%; P < .0001). Narrow QRS complex, referenced to @entity714 , was significantly associated with post-GDMT @entity1002 >35% (relative risk 10.30; 95% confidence interval 2.63-40.27; P = .0008) and absolute difference between post-GDMT @entity1002 and initial @entity1002 (b = 16.296; standard error = 2.977; P < .0001) in final multivariable analyses. CRT super-response, defined as post-CRT @entity1002 >= 50%, was observed in 8 of @entity714 subjects (35%) who received CRT. CONCLUSION: GDMT did not significantly improve @entity1002 in new-onset @entity714 -associated idiopathic @entity296 at 3 months. Most remained candidates for CRT, and a high percentage were super-responders. Optimal timing for CRT implantation requires further investigation.

title: New-onset XXXX -associated @entity296 and left ventricular ejection fraction response to guideline-directed therapies: The NEOLITH study.

answer: @entity714 :: (MESH:D002037,Disease) :: ['left bundle branch block']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and clinical correlation of antiphospholipid antibodies in @entity2631 . METHODS: Antibodies against cardiolipin (aCL) or beta(2)-glycoprotein I were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 48 @entity1 with @entity2631 (18 @entity1 with @entity33870 , 20 with @entity2631 , and 10 with morphoea). Twenty one of these @entity1 were investigated for @entity4555 ( @entity4555 ) by screening and @entity3459 tests. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity33870 , the severest form of @entity2631 , had significantly raised levels of IgM or IgG aCL relative to normal controls (n=21) and @entity1 with @entity785 (n=20). The IgM isotype was predominant, with the frequency of IgM aCL (61%) higher than that of IgG aCL (28%). Levels of aCL were similar for @entity1 with @entity2631 or morphoea and normal controls. IgM aCL were associated with a greater number of lesions, especially @entity75 , wider distribution of lesions, and the presence of immunological abnormalities including antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, IgM antihistone antibodies, IgG anti-single stranded DNA antibodies, and raised serum @entity650 levels in @entity1 with @entity2631 . @entity4555 was detected in 5/7 (71%) @entity1 with @entity33870 . However, @entity1151 was seen in only one @entity1 with @entity33870 . None of @entity1 with @entity2631 exhibited anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that aCL and @entity4555 are the major autoantibodies in @entity1 with @entity33870 .

title: Antiphospholipid antibody in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['plaque lesions']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['localised scleroderma', 'linear scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['confirmatory coagulation']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant', 'LAC']

entities_list: @entity33870 :: ('MESH:C537614', 'Disease') :: ['generalised morphoea']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['localised scleroderma']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: A transgastric approach may be used succesfully for the treatment of @entity1066 presenting with @entity548 . METHODS: Eight @entity1 were admitted during a 6-year period with acute massive @entity360 caused by @entity1066 . All @entity1 had signs of profound @entity1457 , and initial endoscopic control was achieved in 3 @entity1 . They all underwent surgery after endoscopy. At operation, the @entity1066 was approached through an anteromedial gastrostomy and hemostasis was achieved by transfixing stitches. Ulcers were excised whenever possible, or excluded if adherent posteriorly. Four-quadrant biopsy was taken for frozen section to exclude @entity5 . Both anterior and posterior gastric walls were then closed with nonabsorbable suture material. RESULTS: There were 6 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 with a mean age of 73 years. Hemoglobin levels ranged from 5.2 to 8.0 g/dL. Five @entity1 underwent emergency surgery within 28 hours of admission. The diameter of the @entity1066 ranged from 2 to 5 cm. Ulcerectomy was performed in 6 cases. In the remaining 2 @entity1 , the crater of the @entity1066 was adherent to the diaphragm and required exclusion from the gastrointestinal tract. None of the @entity1066 proved to be malignant, and there were no operative deaths. @entity1 were followed up for a mean of 3 years with no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Satisfactory results can be achieved with a transgastric approach to these rare @entity1066 . This allows definitive treatment while avoiding major gastric resection with its potential complications.

title: Transgastric surgery for XXXX : a minimal and safe approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'posterior juxtacardial ulcers', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['posterior juxtacardial ulcers']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (UGVAB) can serve as an efficient tool for the diagnosis and excision of @entity0 . DESIGN: @entity1 with a clinically and radiographically suspected @entity0 were prospectively referred for UGVAB to confirm the diagnosis and to attempt to excise the lesion. @entity1 : Fifty-two female @entity1 , aged 19 to 68 years, were included in the 2-year study. All had at least 1 suspected @entity1557 . The procedure was performed for a total of 56 lesions. INTERVENTIONS: Imaging modalities prior to biopsy to confirm the clinical suspicion included Doppler ultrasound and mammography or Doppler ultrasound alone. Tumor size and volume were recorded. Ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy was performed in all cases, with guidance using the 11-gauge Mammotome handheld vacuum-assisted biopsy system (Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc, Cincinnati, Ohio). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Major end points included diagnosis compatibility rate, excision rate, complications, and short-term follow-up. RESULTS: A tissue diagnosis was obtained in all cases and was compatible with the clinical diagnosis of @entity1557 . Complete excision was achieved in all lesions less than or equal to 1.5 cm (mean volume, 0.25 mL). All lesions greater than 2 cm (mean volume, 1 mL) were incompletely excised. Of the 20 lesions measuring 1.5 to 2.0 cm, 11 (55%) were completely excised. The volume of all completely excised lesions was less than 0.9 mL. Four lesions with a volume less than 0.9 mL were incompletely excised due to @entity548 . Ten of the 13 cases with incomplete excision were confident enough with the diagnosis to choose imaging follow-up instead of surgery. Two @entity1 (16%) were referred by the radiologist for surgical excision. Only 1 @entity1 with incomplete removal (8%) felt uncomfortable with the remnant lump and requested surgical excision. CONCLUSIONS: Although the @entity0 is a common @entity0 , the treatment and follow-up of these lesions is still debatable. We suggest that UGVAB, which has a well-documented role in the diagnosis of @entity1558 , may provide an option for the definitive treatment of @entity0 .

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX by ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast fibroadenomas', 'benign breast tumor', 'breast fibroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast fibroadenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: If most adults with @entity146 are found to have a juvenile psychiatric history, this would shift etiologic research and prevention policy to focus more on childhood @entity146 . METHOD: Our prospective longitudinal study followed up a representative birth cohort (N = 1037). We made psychiatric diagnoses according to DSM criteria at 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, and 26 years of age. @entity74 were defined in the following 3 ways: (1) cases diagnosed using a standardized diagnostic interview, (2) the subset using treatment, and (3) the subset receiving intensive mental health services. Follow-back analyses ascertained the proportion of adult cases who had juvenile diagnoses and the types of juvenile diagnoses they had. RESULTS: Among adult cases defined via the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, 73.9% had received a diagnosis before 18 years of age and 50.0% before 15 years of age. Among treatment-using cases, 76.5% received a diagnosis before 18 years of age and 57.5% before 15 years of age. Among cases receiving intensive mental health services, 77.9% received a diagnosis before 18 years of age and 60.3% before 15 years of age. @entity74 were generally preceded by their juvenile counterparts (eg, adult @entity148 was preceded by juvenile @entity148 ), but also by different disorders. Specifically, adult @entity148 and @entity914 were preceded by a broad array of @entity74 . For all adult disorders, 25% to 60% of cases had a history of conduct and/or @entity952 . CONCLUSIONS: Most adult disorders should be reframed as extensions of @entity74 . In particular, @entity9054 is a priority prevention target for reducing @entity146 in the adult population.

title: Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with XXXX : developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizophreniform disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile disorders', 'Adult disorders']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant disorder']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile conduct disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorder']


abstract: X-ray crystallographic studies of the @entity1334 fragments of two murine monoclonal antibodies of predefined specificity are under way. Diffracted X-ray intensities of the crystalline native @entity1334 fragment of an anti- @entity72845 antibody and of three heavy atom derivatives have been measured to a resolution of 3.5 A. A preliminary 6-A resolution electron density map has been obtained. The 6-A resolution structure of an antigen-antibody (hen lysozyme- @entity1334 ) complex has been determined. There are close contacts between the antigen and the antibody over a large contact area, about 20 @entity72846 . At least two segments of the polypeptide chain of lysozyme, of about 10 amino acids each (positions 19-27 and 116-129), are involved in the contacts, as well as all six complementarity-determining regions of the antibody. No gross conformational changes are observed in the antigen at this resolution, although there are some smaller local changes in areas in contact with the antibody and elsewhere. The effects of @entity535 substitutions on antigen recognition by the monoclonal anti-hen lysozyme antibody were investigated using different, closely related lysozymes. These effects can be readily explained in terms of the three-dimensional model presented here. A 3.5-A resolution electron density map has been calculated and is currently under study.

title: X-ray diffraction studies of an anti- XXXX antibody and of an antigen-antibody complex.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity72846 :: ('p|SUB|X|25|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['X 25 A']

entities_list: @entity72845 :: ('MESH:D010132', 'Chemical') :: ['azophenylarsonate']

answer: @entity72845 :: (MESH:D010132,Chemical) :: ['azophenylarsonate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) are an uncommon complication following radical prostatectomy. Occasionally, BNCs can be refractory to endoscopic approaches. We describe the effectiveness of a novel robotic-assisted laparoscopic catheterizable bladder augment in treating recalcitrant BNCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 undergoing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RALP) between 2004-2014 who developed a postoperative @entity1494 were identified. We documented our experience with robotic-assisted laparoscopic catheterizable bladder augment for recalcitrant BNCs. Total operative time, robotic time, estimated surgical blood, length of hospital stay, serum @entity1011 , complications, and postoperative course/upper tract imaging were recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-six of 2002 RALP @entity1 (1.8%) experienced a post-surgical @entity1494 at 182 days post-surgery. Twenty-two (61.1%) underwent a single dilation and/or transurethral incision. Eleven (30.6%) required = 1 procedure. Three @entity1 (8.3%) had recalcitrant BNCs. One @entity1 with normal bladder capacity elected open urethroplasty. The remaining two had @entity1494 , detrusor over-activity and failed multiple incisions and self-catheterization. In one @entity1 , the stricture was complete. The other @entity1 experienced urethral leakage requiring bladder neck closure. In both @entity1 , a robotic approach, utilizing an ileal-cecal segment as a catheterizable augment, was performed. At 16 and 89 months follow up, both are continent, with stable renal function and normal upper tracts. CONCLUSION: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic catheterizable bladder augment is a viable treatment for recurrent BNCs. This approach may be particularly well suited for @entity1 with concurrent @entity427 or decreased bladder capacity.

title: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic catheterizable bladder augment: a novel approach to treat recurrent XXXX following radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder neck contractures', 'reduced bladder capacity', 'BNC']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder neck contracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility, reliability and validity of nails ultrasonography in @entity5144 as an outcome measure. METHODS: Pilot prospective single-centre study of eight ultrasonography parameters in B mode and power Doppler concerning the @entity571 ( @entity571 ) joint, the matrix, the bed and nail plate. Intra-observer and inter-observer reliability was evaluated for the seven quantitative parameters ( @entity5835 and kappa). Correlations between ultrasonography and clinical variables were searched to assess external validity. Feasibility was assessed by the time to carry out the examination and the percentage of missing data. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity5144 (age 55.0  16.2 years, disease duration 13.4  9.4 years) were included. Of these, 67% presented nail involvement on ultrasonography vs 37% on physical examination (P<0.05). Reliability was good ( @entity5835 and weighted kappa>0.75) for the seven quantitative parameters, except for @entity603 of the @entity571 joint in B mode. The @entity603 of the @entity571 joint revealed by ultrasonography correlated with the total number of clinical @entity603 and Doppler US of the nail (matrix and bed). Doppler US of the matrix correlated with @entity158 but not with the @entity1851 or with clinical @entity4932 . No significant correlation was found with US nail thickness. CONCLUSION: The feasibility and reliability of ultrasonography of the nail in @entity5144 appear to be satisfactory. Among the eight parameters evaluated, power Doppler of the matrix which correlated with @entity32 ( @entity571 joint and bed) and with @entity158 could become an interesting outcome measure, provided that it is also sensitive to change.

title: Reliability, validity and feasibility of nail ultrasonography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['local inflammation']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['DIP', 'distal interphalangeal']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['enthesitis']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gout is the most common cause of @entity625 in @entity1 aged >40 years and is frequently encountered in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this article was to review the published literature on the epidemiology, treatment, and estimated burden of illness of @entity697 . METHODS: Articles on @entity210 published in English between 1980 and June 2002 were identified through a MEDLINE search. Relevant clinical studies and review articles were found using the text- and keyword-search term @entity210 alone and in combination with epidemiology, prevalence, incidence, complications, outcome, quality of life, economics, cost, prevention or drug therapy. The reference lists of identified articles, especially review articles, were checked for any additional studies that might have been missed in the original MEDLINE search. RESULTS: The epidemiology of @entity210 in various geographic regions has been well documented. Data suggest that environmental, racial, and hereditary factors may influence the development of @entity210 , and that the prevalence of @entity210 appears to be on the rise worldwide. Evidence from well-designed clinical studies evaluating drug therapies for @entity210 is limited. Therapies for @entity697 include corticotropin, @entity288 , @entity3812 or, more often, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which have shown comparable efficacy. A recent study suggests that @entity14296 , a new cyclooxygenase-2-selective inhibitor, may be as effective as and better tolerated than traditional NSAIDs in the treatment of @entity210 . Urate-lowering therapy, prophylactic @entity3812 , and low-dose NSAIDs are used for the long-term prophylaxis of @entity210 . However, all acute and prophylactic therapies are associated with adverse events. Using an economic model for @entity210 , the annual direct burden of illness for new cases of @entity697 can be estimated at 27,378,494 US dollars in the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Gout is an increasingly prevalent condition worldwide and creates a heavy economic burden. Available treatments are generally effective; however, they are not devoid of adverse events. Well-designed, long-term, controlled clinical trials evaluating the comparative efficacy and tolerability of treatments for @entity210 are needed.

title: A literature review of the epidemiology and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gout']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity14296 :: ('MESH:C422649', 'Chemical') :: ['etoricoxib']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute gout']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overweight and @entity28 are epidemic in Western societies and constitute a major public health problem because of adverse effects on vascular health. Vascular factors may play a role in the development of a rapidly growing disease of late life, @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Using body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), we examined whether overweight is a risk factor for @entity303 and @entity195 . METHODS: The relationship between BMI and @entity303 risk was investigated in a representative cohort of 392 nondemented Swedish adults who were followed up from age 70 to 88 years, with the use of neuropsychiatric, anthropometric, and other measurements. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses included BMI, blood pressure, @entity65 , cigarette smoking, socioeconomic status, and treatment for @entity101 . RESULTS: During the 18-year follow-up (4184.8 risk-years), 93 @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity303 . @entity1 who developed @entity303 between ages 79 and 88 years were overweight, with a higher average BMI at age 70 years (27.7 vs 25.7; P =.007), 75 years (27.9 vs 25.0; P<.001), and 79 years (26.9 vs 25.1; P =.02) compared with nondemented @entity1 . A higher degree of overweight was observed in @entity1 who developed @entity195 at 70 years (29.3; P =.009), 75 years (29.6; P<.001), and 79 years (28.2; P =.003) compared with nondemented @entity1 . For every 1.0 increase in BMI at age 70 years, @entity195 risk increased by 36%. These associations were not found in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Overweight is epidemic in Western societies. Our data suggest that overweight at high ages is a risk factor for @entity303 , particularly @entity195 , in @entity1 . This may have profound implications for @entity303 prevention.

title: An 18-year follow-up of overweight and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) is a debilitating illness with no known cause or effective therapy. Population-based epidemiologic data on @entity5815 prevalence and incidence are critical to put @entity5815 in a realistic context for public health officials and others responsible for allocating resources and for practicing physicians when examining and caring for @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a random digit-dialing survey and clinical examination to estimate the prevalence of @entity5815 in the general population of Wichita, Kan, and a 1-year follow-up telephone interview and clinical examination to estimate the incidence of @entity5815 . The survey included 33 997 households representing 90 316 residents. This report focuses on 7162 respondents aged 18 to 69 years. Fatigued (n = 3528) and randomly selected nonfatigued (n = 3634) respondents completed telephone questionnaires concerning fatigue, other symptoms, and medical history. The clinical examination included the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition, laboratory testing, and a physical examination. RESULTS: The overall weighted point prevalence of @entity5815 , adjusted for nonresponse, was 235 per 100,000 @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 142-327 per 100,000 @entity1 ). The prevalence of @entity5815 was higher among @entity1 , 373 per 100,000 @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 210-536 per 100,000 @entity1 ), than among @entity1 , 83 per 100,000 @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 15-150 per 100,000 @entity1 ). Among subjects nonfatigued and fatigued for less than 6 months, the 1-year incidence of @entity5815 was 180 per 100,000 @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 0-466 per 100,000 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5815 constitutes a major public health problem. Longitudinal follow-up of this cohort will be used to further evaluate the natural history of this illness.

title: Prevalence and incidence of XXXX in Wichita, Kansas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: Supramaximal flow transients of partial expiratory flow-volume curves are caused by a rapidly emptying compartment. By superimposing a maximal and a series of partial expiratory flow-volume curves, the volume of the flow transient equivalent for the maximal curve was estimated (volume of airway contribution = VACMEFV). This flow transient equivalent is caused by an extra dead space, created in the large airways by a full inspiration. In 18 @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), routine pulmonary functions and VACMEFV were measured before and after bronchodilator medication. Baseline VACMEFV correlated directly with the curvilinearity of the flow-volume curve and inversely with the clinical and radiologic score. Significantly, bronchodilator medication improved FVC, FEV1, FEF25-75, VC, PEF, Raw, and also VACMEFV. In 6 @entity1 , VEmax25 increased as a result of apparent peripheral bronchodilation. In 3 others, end-expiratory flow increased slightly but the expanded VACMEFV included the measuring point invalidating the measurement. In the remaining 9 @entity1 , VEmax25 decreased after bronchodilator. As an apparent discrepancy, FEV1, FVC, PEF, VC, FEF25-75 increased, and Raw decreased in 4 to 9 @entity1 . The volumes and flow rates measured early in forced expiration and the end-expiratory flow behaved differently because VACMEFV expanded beyond the measuring points of early expiratory and mid-expiratory flow rates. As the bronchodilator rendered the compliant large airways still more distensible, the amount of air emptied from the dead space in early forced expiration increased. Simultaneously, end-expiratory flow decreased because of enhanced airway compression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Bronchodilators increase airway instability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all published studies since 2005 that evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of @entity697 in the general population presenting to emergency departments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All retrospective and prospective studies evaluating the accuracy of MRI to diagnose @entity698 published in English and listed in PubMed, Web of Science, Cinahl Plus, and the Cochrane Library since 2005 were included. Excluded studies were those without an explicitly stated reference standard, with insufficient data to calculate the study outcomes, or if the population enrolled was limited to pregnant @entity1 or @entity1 . Data were abstracted by one investigator and confirmed by another. Data included the number of true positives, true negatives, false positives, false negatives, number of equivocal cases, type of MRI scanner, type of MRI sequence, and demographic data including study setting and gender distribution. Summary test characteristics were calculated. Forest plots and a summary receiver operator characteristic plot were generated. RESULTS: Ten studies met eligibility criteria, representing @entity1 from seven countries. Nine were prospective and two were multicenter studies. A total of 838 subjects were enrolled; 406 (48%) were @entity1 . All studies routinely used unenhanced MR images, although two used intravenous contrast-enhancement and three used diffusion-weighted imaging. Using a bivariate random-effects model the summary sensitivity was 96.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 92.3%-98.5%) and summary specificity was 95.9% (95% CI: 89.4%-98.4%). CONCLUSION: MRI has a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of @entity698 , similar to that reported previously for computed tomography. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the accuracy of MRI to diagnose XXXX in the general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: SNPs, abundant in @entity1 genome with lower mutation rate, are attractive to genetic application like forensic, anthropological and evolutionary studies. Universal SNPs showing little allelic frequency variation among populations while remaining highly informative for @entity1 identification were obtained from previous studies. However, genotyping tools target only dozens of markers simultaneously, limiting their applications. Here, 124 SNPs were simultaneous tested using Ampliseq technology with Ion Torrent PGM platform. Concordance study was performed with 2 reference samples of 9947A and 9948 between NGS and Sanger sequencing. Full concordance were obtained except genotype of @entity72847 with 9947A. Parameter of FMAR (%) was introduced for NGS data analysis for the first time, evaluating allelic performance, sensitivity testing and mixture testing. FMAR values for accurate heterozygotes should be range from 50% to 60%, for homozygotes or Y-SNP should be above 90%. SNPs of @entity72848 , @entity72849 , @entity72850 , @entity72851 , @entity72852 , @entity72847 and @entity72853 were recognized as poorly performing loci, either with @entity74 or with lower coverage. Sensitivity testing demonstrated that with DNA range from 10   ng-0.5   ng, all correct genotypes were obtained. For mixture testing, a clear linear correlation (R(2)   =   0.9429) between the excepted FMAR and observed FMAR values of mixtures was observed.

title: Parallel Analysis of 124 Universal SNPs for XXXX Identification by Targeted Semiconductor Sequencing.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic imbalance']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Normal and antibiotic-pretreated staphylococci were incubated with @entity1 neutrophils to determine the interactions between cells and antimicrobials in the killing of the organisms. @entity794 502A pretreated during log-phase growth with subinhibitory ((1/4) minimum inhibiting concentration) (MIC) concentrations of @entity3397 were more susceptible to killing by normal neutrophils than untreated bacteria (intracellular survival 0.17+/-0.04 vs. 1.5+/-0.38%, mean+/-SEM, respectively, at 35 min in 14 experiments; P < 0.01 by t test). Furthermore, this enhanced susceptibility to killing was observed even when phagosome formation was inhibited by @entity2389 (65.6+/-4.6% pencillintreated vs. 30.5+/-4.5% untreated killed at 30 min in 14 experiments, P < 0.001). Pretreatment of @entity794 with @entity2176 similarly enhanced susceptibility to killing by @entity2389 -treated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), whereas pretreatment with @entity801 did not. The enchancement of killing by pretreatment with cell wall-active antibiotics was present in a dose-response fashion to 1/16th the MIC. It required specific antimicrobial activity; i.e., @entity114 activity was inhibited by penicillinase or by incubation with bacteria at 4 degrees C. It also required active cellular metabolism and intact neutrophils. For antibiotic-pretreated bacteria to be killed by normal and @entity2389 -treated cells, phagocytosis or binding to the cells was essential via a serum opsonindependent mechanism. In experiments with the @entity2389 -treated cells, all bound @entity114 -treated bacteria were killed vs. only a fraction (70%) of the bound untreated bacteria. @entity114 in 10 times the MIC had no direct effects on PMN phagocytic, metabolic, or microbicidal functions against a nonsusceptible organism, @entity5132 . The results indicate a cooperative effect between cell wall-active antibiotics at low concentrations and @entity1 PMN in the killing of staphylococci. The model establishes conditions for the study of the mechanisms involved in the cooperation of these bactericidal systems.

title: Interactions between antibiotics and XXXX neutrophils in the killing of staphylococci.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin', 'Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Records of black (predominantly Zulu), Indian and white @entity1 admitted to hospital for elective evaluation of chronic @entity3657 over a 2-year interval were examined. The @entity75 encountered in all three groups was @entity731 , although @entity3468 occurred more frequently in blacks. While @entity731 of the lower extremities showed minor differences in distribution in the three groups, @entity439 was more frequent in the @entity62 . @entity432 was also less prevalent among blacks. Age and sex distribution was similar. In a subset of @entity1 , matched for age, with aorto-iliac occlusive disease blacks had a statistically significantly lower incidence of @entity299 , @entity66 and @entity101 than whites or Indians; and smoked less. @entity6 had a significantly higher incidence in Indians. Within the same group of @entity1 , blacks tended to present at a more advanced stage in the natural history of the disease. However, early and medium-term results of aortobifemoral bypass are not significantly different from those in whites or Indians. @entity731 , contrary to popular belief, is a well-established clinical problem in the black population in Natal.

title: XXXX in blacks--an established problem.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['commonest lesion']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal disease of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white than Indian and black groups']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: @entity3204 was isolated from 3.5% of 202 @entity19 , 12.5% of 120 @entity35 , 16% of 106 sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis), and from 54% of 50 @entity1573 from Costa Rica. The infection rate in @entity1573 increased from 23% in those weighing less than 500 g, to 73% in those between 500 and 1,000 g, indicating a rapid rate of acquiring infectin, probably from the soil in which they constantly search for food. No isolates were made from Musca domestica, or from four genera of roaches caught in the wild. However, @entity3204 was isolated from four of 16 lots of earthworms. Most strains of @entity3204 isolated from Costa Rican @entity468 produced chronic @entity281 in @entity19 . However, even when infected with virulent strains, @entity19 died at a time when numerous bradyzoites had been formed. Also, the availability of bradyzoites in @entity1573 8-10 days after ingestion of oocysts was comparable to that in @entity19 . Therefore, several infected prey species are available as intermediate hosts to @entity468 , providing the bradyzoites essential for the shedding of large numbers of oocysts. The isolation of @entity3204 from earthworms or the soil associated with them illustrates their possible role as transport hosts to infect @entity1573 and other birds feeding on them. The possible role of other transport hosts could not be confirmed.

title: Intermediate and transport hosts of XXXX in Costa Rica.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mus musculus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['latent infections']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Rattus norvegicus']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: MicroRNAs are small (~22 nt), noncoding RNA molecules that have critical cellular functions in proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. miRNA expression profiling has been used to create signatures of @entity5 and, in many cases, it has been shown to correlate with the severity of the disease. The @entity95 VX2 @entity5 model has been used widely to study a number of @entity1 @entity5 . Our objective in this study is to generate an miRNA signature of the VX2 @entity5 and to identify miRNAs that are highly expressed in this @entity146 . In this study, we performed miRNA profiling of the @entity95 VX2 @entity5 using a microarray that has probes for 1292 unique miRNAs. Their expression in @entity5 samples was quantified and analyzed. We found that 35 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated in the VX2 @entity5 . Among these, 13 @entity1 miRNAs and eight members of the let-7 family were previously identified in @entity5 . In addition, we show that the expression of three miRNAs (miR-923, miR-1275, and miR-1308) is novel for the @entity95 VX2 @entity5 , and their expression was not previously shown to be associated with any type of @entity5 . For the first time, we show the miRNA signature profile for a solid @entity5 in a @entity95 model. miRNAs highly expressed in the VX2 @entity5 may serve as novel candidates for molecular biomarkers and as potential drug targets.

title: Relevance of XXXX VX2 Tumor Model for Studies on @entity1 Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A MicroRNA-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumor']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbit']


abstract: MicroRNAs are small (~22 nt), noncoding RNA molecules that have critical cellular functions in proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. miRNA expression profiling has been used to create signatures of @entity5 and, in many cases, it has been shown to correlate with the severity of the disease. The @entity95 VX2 @entity5 model has been used widely to study a number of @entity1 @entity5 . Our objective in this study is to generate an miRNA signature of the VX2 @entity5 and to identify miRNAs that are highly expressed in this @entity146 . In this study, we performed miRNA profiling of the @entity95 VX2 @entity5 using a microarray that has probes for 1292 unique miRNAs. Their expression in @entity5 samples was quantified and analyzed. We found that 35 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated in the VX2 @entity5 . Among these, 13 @entity1 miRNAs and eight members of the let-7 family were previously identified in @entity5 . In addition, we show that the expression of three miRNAs (miR-923, miR-1275, and miR-1308) is novel for the @entity95 VX2 @entity5 , and their expression was not previously shown to be associated with any type of @entity5 . For the first time, we show the miRNA signature profile for a solid @entity5 in a @entity95 model. miRNAs highly expressed in the VX2 @entity5 may serve as novel candidates for molecular biomarkers and as potential drug targets.

title: Relevance of @entity95 VX2 Tumor Model for Studies on XXXX Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A MicroRNA-Based Study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Best practice models are calling for a holistic, needs-led, and sex-informed treatment approach to substance misuse treatment. To date, research into the impact of sex on needs and quality of life within @entity284 -treatment populations using validated research tools is limited. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of sex upon self-rated unmet need and quality of life among @entity1 on @entity284 treatment. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey of adults attending a specialist @entity284 treatment clinic, in Dublin, Ireland. @entity1 completed the Camberwell Assessment of Need Short Appraisal Schedule, @entity1 Version and the WHO Quality of Life-Brief Version. Ongoing drug use was determined using the Maudsley Addiction Profile and weekly supervised urine toxicology screens. A linear regression analysis was conducted. RESULTS: One hundred eight of 190 eligible service-users (57%) participated. No significant differences existed between the @entity1 and the nonparticipants on demographic variables or measures of drug use. Among them, 33% were @entity1 . @entity1 demonstrated lower levels of ongoing opiate use. Linear regression analysis indicated that @entity1 had a greater number of unmet needs (P=0.02) and lower quality of life in the domains of physical health (P=0.003), psychological well being (P<0.001), environmental well being (P=0.03), and social relationships (P=0.007). When the Bonferroni adjustment was applied to account for multiple testing, the relationship between psychological well being and female sex remained statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that female sex may be associated with greater self-rated needs and poorer quality of life within a @entity284 -treated population, in particular, in the domain of psychological well being. Further research in this area is warranted to discover if these findings can be replicated and confirmed in larger samples.

title: The Impact of Sex Upon Needs and Quality of Life Within a Population on XXXX Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'Participants', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['Methadone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence for the existence of a wide range of molecules characteristic of fibrocartilage at normal alar ligament entheses, that may have a bearing on the pathogenesis of @entity309 . The alar ligaments provide the mechanical restraint for @entity717 and their integrity can be compromised in @entity1 with @entity309 and occasionally in those with @entity5145 . METHODS: Both alar ligaments from 6 cadavers were fixed in 90% @entity1042 and cryosectioned longitudinally. Sections were immunolabelled with antibodies against collagens, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans. The immunohistochemical data were related to estimates of insertional angle change at the entheses that were calculated from measurements of ligament length and dens diameter. RESULTS: Molecules typical of fibrocartilage (including type II collagen, link protein, and aggrecan) were found at both entheses, but labelling was more prominent at the odontoid end. This correlated with a 3-fold greater insertional angle change during 40 degrees of @entity717 at the attachment of the ligament to the dens. At the odontoid enthesis, fibrocartilage differentiation was most conspicuous posteriorly. CONCLUSION: The changes in insertional angle mean that compressive forces are prominent at both entheses, but particularly at the odontoid end, where the ligament partly wraps around the dens during @entity717 . Thus, mechanical conditions are created that lead to pronounced fibrocartilage development, hence the expression of type II collagen, link protein, and aggrecan. The prominence of these molecules at the entheses raises the possibility that they could be antigenic targets for an autoimmune response in @entity627 .

title: Expression of a wide range of fibrocartilage molecules at the entheses of the alar ligaments - possible antigenic targets for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether home-based neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) applied to the @entity121 ( @entity121 ) muscle increases strength, physical activity, and physical performance in older adults with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: Thirty-four adults (> 60 yrs) with radiographically confirmed symptomatic knee @entity571 were randomized to NMES plus education or education only (EDU). The primary outcome was isometric @entity121 peak torque (PTIso), with secondary outcomes of daily step counts, total activity vector magnitude, 100-foot walk-turn-walk, timed stair climb, chair rise, and @entity158 . The NMES group used a portable electrical muscle stimulator 3 days a week for unilateral @entity121 training with incremental increases in the intensity of isometric contraction to 30-40% of maximum over 12 weeks. Both groups received the 12-week Arthritis Self-Management course and were followed an additional 12 weeks. RESULTS: The stimulated knee-extensor showed a 9.1% increase in 120 degrees PTIso compared to a 7% loss in the EDU group (time x group interaction for 120 degrees PTIso; p = 0.04). The chair rise time decreased by 11% in the NMES group, whereas the EDU group saw a 7% reduction (p = 0.01, time; p = 0.9, group). Similarly, both groups improved their walk time by approximately 7% (p = 0.02, time; p = 0.61 group). Severity of @entity158 reported following intervention did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION: In older adults with knee @entity571 , a home-based NMES protocol appears to be a promising therapy for increasing @entity121 strength in adults with knee @entity571 without exacerbating @entity158 symptoms.

title: A home-based protocol of electrical muscle stimulation for quadriceps muscle strength in older adults with XXXX of the knee.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps femoris', 'QF']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: In recent years, it has become clear that self-nonself discrimination by the immune system is driven not so much by the specificities of the antigen receptors themselves, but by ligand-receptor systems that sense the presence of foreign pathogens (toll-like receptors) and those that regulate the balance between cellular proliferation and programmed cell @entity204 ( @entity5 necrosis factor [TNF] family ligands and receptors). Interestingly, these two receptor families share a number of common signaling pathways, mediated by the cytoplasmic proteins containing @entity204 domains and TRAF domains, which trigger the complementary processes of programmed cell @entity204 and @entity32 . Both @entity1 and @entity19 with @entity74 in the TNF-receptor family member Fas accumulate abnormal lymphocytes and develop systemic @entity792 . These findings highlighted the importance of this TNF-receptor family member in the homeostasis of the immune system. In particular, the Fas receptor has been shown to be important in immunoreceptor-mediated apoptosis of activated T and B lymphocytes. Six members of the TNF-receptor superfamily share a common signaling domain with Fas, termed the @entity204 domain, that directly links these receptors to the apoptotic machinery of the cell, and, collectively, these receptors have been designated as " @entity204 receptors."We are currently investigating a number of important unresolved issues in this field, including: (1). how susceptibility to apoptosis through @entity204 receptors is regulated, (2). how Fas and related @entity204 receptors function in the maintenance of self-tolerance and homeostasis in the major cell types of the immune system, and (3). recently described nonapoptotic lymphocyte activation signals that use components of @entity204 receptor signaling.

title: Death receptor signaling and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2411 is a prevalent idiopathic @entity158 with deleterious consequences for the sexuality of affected @entity1 and their spouses. Intimacy has been identified as a facilitator of adjustment to health difficulties in couples. Two components of intimacy were examined among couples with @entity2411 -empathic response and disclosure-in relation to their sexual satisfaction and sexual distress. METHOD: Using an observational design, 50 @entity1 (Mage = 24.50 years, SD = 4.03) diagnosed with @entity2411 and their spouses (Mage = 26.10 years, SD = 5.70) participated in a filmed discussion focusing on the impact of @entity2411 on their lives. Empathic response and disclosure were assessed by a trained observer and self-reported by @entity1 after engaging in the discussion. The actor-partner interdependence model guided the data analyses. RESULTS: @entity1 's and spouses' higher observed and perceived empathic responses were associated with their own and their partners' greater sexual satisfaction. @entity1 's and spouses' higher perceived disclosures were associated with their own and their partners' greater sexual satisfaction. @entity1 's and spouses' higher observed empathic responses were associated with their own lower sexual distress. @entity1 's higher observed empathic responses were associated with their spouses' lower sexual distress. @entity1 and spouses' perceived greater empathic responses were associated with their own lower sexual distress. @entity1 's and spouses' greater perceived disclosures during the discussion were associated with their own and their partners' lower sexual distress. CONCLUSION: Promoting empathic response and disclosure through couple interventions may buffer against the sexual distress and sexual dissatisfaction of couples coping with @entity2411 . (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Intimacy, Sexual Satisfaction, and Sexual Distress in XXXX Couples: An Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['Vulvodynia', 'vulvodynia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain condition']

answer: @entity2411 :: (MESH:D056650,Disease) :: ['Vulvodynia']


abstract: Background. This study evaluated the impact of different doses of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on the functional status and phenotype of T cells during polymicrobial sepsis. Methods. On day 1 after cecal ligation and puncture, @entity19 were treated with either saline, 100 (A100), 200 (A200), or 400   mg APS/kg body weight (BW) (A400) by an intraperitoneal injection daily for 4 days. All @entity19 were sacrificed 5 days after the operation. Results. APS treatment reversed the sepsis-induced @entity1619 helper (Th) cell population, and the percentage of activated Th cells also increased in the spleen and Peyer's patches. APS administration downregulated the percentages of circulating @entity61 cells and regulatory T cells (Treg), and the percentage of Th17 cells in blood was upregulated in the A400 group. @entity8 were attenuated in the A100 and A200 groups but not in the A400 group at the end of the study. Conclusions. Treatments with 100 and 200   mg APS/kg BW reduced Treg populations and elicited a more-balanced @entity630 / @entity61 response that consequently attenuated immunosuppression in polymicrobial sepsis. High-dose APS administration led to excessive responses of Th17 cells which may have adverse effects in sepsis-induced @entity130 .

title: Modulatory Effects of Astragalus Polysaccharides on T-Cell Polarization in XXXX with Polymicrobial Sepsis.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Weight loss and kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['decrement in the T']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: The data on 80 cases of @entity43 are presented. The average age of @entity1 was 19.1. In 9 out of 18 menstruation--free @entity1 @entity5000 was associated with @entity43712 and intersexuality. @entity158 was the most frequent symptom (70%). In 82%, correct diagnosis was established during primary examination. Among the most frequent misdiagnoses were @entity697 or pregnancy. Stage I @entity5 was established in nearly 70%. Unilateral involvement was registered in 83.5% of cases. Metastatic spread was limited to peritoneal cavity in 19.2%, paraaortic lymph nodes were involved in 16.4%. Five-year survival rate was 71.4%. Such characteristics of @entity5 process as stage and size of @entity5 proved to be of the highest prognostic value. The choice of a treatment modality was found to produce an insignificant effect on the results of therapy.

title: [Clinical picture and treatment of XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dysgerminoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity43712 :: ('MESH:D050035', 'Disease') :: ['genital infantilism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5000 :: ('MESH:D004407', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian dysgerminoma']


abstract: The data on 80 cases of @entity43 are presented. The average age of @entity1 was 19.1. In 9 out of 18 menstruation--free @entity1 @entity5000 was associated with @entity43712 and intersexuality. @entity158 was the most frequent symptom (70%). In 82%, correct diagnosis was established during primary examination. Among the most frequent misdiagnoses were @entity697 or pregnancy. Stage I @entity5 was established in nearly 70%. Unilateral involvement was registered in 83.5% of cases. Metastatic spread was limited to peritoneal cavity in 19.2%, paraaortic lymph nodes were involved in 16.4%. Five-year survival rate was 71.4%. Such characteristics of @entity5 process as stage and size of @entity5 proved to be of the highest prognostic value. The choice of a treatment modality was found to produce an insignificant effect on the results of therapy.

title: [Clinical picture and treatment of @entity43 XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Noncardiac @entity662 is a heterogeneous condition for which diagnosis and treatment are challenging. Research is needed to streamline evaluation to minimize unnecessary invasive testing and costs. @entity662 clinics to assess @entity662 @entity1 are popular in the United States and may be of value in reassuring @entity1 and reducing presentation to hospital; however, recently this has been contended [111]. Options for the effective treatment of NCCP are dependent on the risk of an adverse outcome and the cost-effectiveness of the management algorithm that is followed. Most (64%) of those presenting to the emergency department with @entity662 are classified as having NCCP [112,113]. @entity354 is probably the most important cause and application of a test of acid suppression with a high-dose PPI for 1 to 2 weeks seems to be a useful diagnostic tool. In those @entity1 with @entity354 -related NCCP, short-term and potentially long-term therapy with a PPI (commonly higher than standard dose) is required to alleviate symptoms. @entity4423 is relatively uncommon in @entity1 with NCCP and evaluation by esophageal manometry might be limited to rule out @entity1318 . @entity5837 are common but probably often missed. Many @entity1 with NCCP have psychologic or @entity146 , as either the cause or an effect of the @entity662 , but diagnosis here depends on techniques not applied easily in the acute situation. @entity158 modulators seem to offer significant improvement in @entity662 for non- @entity354 -related NCCP. Finally, trials of management strategies to deal with this problem are required urgently, because the earlier discharge of @entity1 with NCCP may exacerbate the problem. Fig. 2 provides a flow chart for diagnosis and treatment of NCCP.

title: Noncardiac XXXX : evaluation and treatment.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain symptoms', 'Chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['Chest wall syndromes']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal dysmotility']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: Lower extremity @entity1066 are a recognized complication of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Their prevalence has not been assessed since the advent of more aggressive disease modifying antirheumatic therapies. The purpose of this study was to establish the period prevalence of lower extremity @entity1066 in a modern-day unselected cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 , and to report the features associated with @entity1066 development and response to therapy. Between June 2007 and June 2010, 366 @entity309 @entity1 were evaluated at the Georgetown Division of Rheumatology. Data were collected and analyzed retrospectively on demographics, antibody and prothrombotic profile, comorbidities, disease activity, and outcomes. The period prevalence of @entity1066 in this cohort of 366 @entity1 with @entity309 followed over 3  years was 4.37%. @entity1 with @entity1066 were predominantly female (81.25%) and more commonly African American (56.2%). The mean disease duration at @entity1066 development was 25.9  years. All @entity1 with @entity1066 had @entity66 and 63% were seropositive. Only five @entity1 (31.25%) healed over a mean follow-up of 22.8  months. However, in this small sample, treatment with anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor-a (anti- @entity310 ) therapy was associated with significantly higher likelihood of healing (p   =   0.039). In this modern-day cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 , we found a prevalence of lower extremity @entity1066 of 4.37% over 3  years. Only 31.25% of @entity1 healed after a mean 22.8  months of follow-up. However, treatment with a biologic agent was associated with a significant increased likelihood of healing (RR 3.27, 95% CI 0.59-18.29, p   =   0.039).

title: Lower extremity XXXX in @entity309 : features and response to immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: Lower extremity @entity1066 are a recognized complication of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Their prevalence has not been assessed since the advent of more aggressive disease modifying antirheumatic therapies. The purpose of this study was to establish the period prevalence of lower extremity @entity1066 in a modern-day unselected cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 , and to report the features associated with @entity1066 development and response to therapy. Between June 2007 and June 2010, 366 @entity309 @entity1 were evaluated at the Georgetown Division of Rheumatology. Data were collected and analyzed retrospectively on demographics, antibody and prothrombotic profile, comorbidities, disease activity, and outcomes. The period prevalence of @entity1066 in this cohort of 366 @entity1 with @entity309 followed over 3  years was 4.37%. @entity1 with @entity1066 were predominantly female (81.25%) and more commonly African American (56.2%). The mean disease duration at @entity1066 development was 25.9  years. All @entity1 with @entity1066 had @entity66 and 63% were seropositive. Only five @entity1 (31.25%) healed over a mean follow-up of 22.8  months. However, in this small sample, treatment with anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor-a (anti- @entity310 ) therapy was associated with significantly higher likelihood of healing (p   =   0.039). In this modern-day cohort of @entity1 with @entity309 , we found a prevalence of lower extremity @entity1066 of 4.37% over 3  years. Only 31.25% of @entity1 healed after a mean 22.8  months of follow-up. However, treatment with a biologic agent was associated with a significant increased likelihood of healing (RR 3.27, 95% CI 0.59-18.29, p   =   0.039).

title: Lower extremity @entity1066 in XXXX : features and response to immunosuppression.

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The loss of the function in any one of four @entity1 DNA mismatch repair genes, @entity4311 , @entity6756 , @entity22694 , and @entity14437 , is thought to lead to deficient mismatch repair (MMR) of DNA in the somatic cells leading to increased mutations and thereby @entity5 development. @entity124 ( @entity124 ) detected by PCR analysis has, to date, been the hallmark of loss of the function of these genes. Western and Northern blotting has confirmed the loss of MMR protein expression with @entity124 . However, this technique relies on fresh samples for DNA extraction and requires a normal tissue sample (see Chapter 41). Expression of MMR proteins can now be examined in both fresh and archival paraffin-embedded tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. This was first described for polyclonal @entity4311 antibody, in paraffin-embedded tissue, by Wilson et al. (1) and confirmed by Leach et al. (2), who showed that @entity4311 is highly expressed in the nuclei cells of the gastrointestinal epithelium that undergo rapid renewal in both the ileum, colon, and esophagus. Thibodeau et al. (3) examined @entity982 -embedded tissue from @entity14 for both @entity6756 and @entity4311 genes and function by DNA sequence analysis, @entity124 analysis by PCR, and immunohistochemistry. They showed that loss of immunohistochemical staining for these MMR proteins corresponded very closely with loss of function of these genes detected by microsatellite analysis. Of 19 @entity5 showing @entity124 , 14 had loss of either or both @entity6756 and @entity4311 immunostaining. Of @entity5 showing a germline mutation in either @entity6756 or @entity4311 , seven had a corresponding loss of immunostaining for the protein. Of 14 @entity5 showing a negative immunostain for one or both of @entity6756 and @entity4311 , all had @entity124 on PCR analysis and seven had a germline mutation in the DNA sequence of at least one of the MMR genes. Fink et al. (4) have performed immunohistochemistry for @entity6756 and @entity14437 on fresh frozen tissue sections. They confirmed a high nuclear expression in the epithelium of the digestive tract and in the testis and ovary. We describe here a method for immunohistochemistry for @entity4311 , @entity6756 , and @entity14437 in both fresh and paraffin-embedded material.

title: Immunostaining XXXX paraffin-embedded sections for mismatch repair proteins.

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['eight tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this article, we aimed to discuss treatment strategies in @entity174 of the femoral head, which is a very rare injury. METHODS: We reviewed five @entity1 (six @entity174 ) who admitted to our emergency department due to femoral @entity174 between March 2006 and December 2007. Functional outcomes of the @entity1 who were treated operatively and nonoperatively were compared. RESULTS: Half of the @entity174 were treated nonoperatively and half of them surgically. We observed a rate of 50% excellent to good results. @entity2530 developed in a @entity1 with @entity130 . The functional results were poor for this @entity1 . Early posttraumatic @entity625 was observed in a @entity1 who was treated surgically; this @entity1 had moderate results. CONCLUSION: We should aim at anatomic reduction of the fragments with minimum soft tissue injury. The best approach should be chosen for excellent view of the fragments. We should not forget that half of these @entity1 will have a poor outcome despite all treatment strategies.

title: XXXX of the femoral head: what are the reasons for poor outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'head fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral injury']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of artificial liver support system on severe @entity1578 with @entity281 , 37 cases of severe @entity1578 and 80 cases times of plasma replacement were analyzed. METHODS: The volume of plasma replacement was 2,000-2,600 ml/time. Japanese Plasauto-iQ Blood Purifying Device was used. Blood samples were observed before and after plasma replacement to determine liver function and prothrombin time. PBMCs were isolated and cultured, and the supernatants were collected to determine the levels of @entity688 ( @entity688 ), IL-12 and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN). RESULTS: Before plasma replacement, 32 cases of 80 case times had @entity281 , 5 cases of them had fever, the temperature was 37.5-38.0 centigrade. Four cases of them were @entity364 , 1 case was @entity358 . After plasma replacement, liver function was improved, temperature was normal @entity281 was controlled. The levels of @entity688 , IL-12 and gamma-IFN in supernatants before and after plasma replacement were significantly higher than normal control, and the @entity688 level after plasma replacement was markedly higher than that before plasma replacement. The levels of IL-12 and gamma-IFN after plasma replacement were higher than plasma replacement, but they didn't reached statistic difference. CONCLUSION: Plasma replacement might be helpful to control @entity281 and therefore to stabilized the @entity1578 .

title: [Influence of plasma replacement on the @entity1578 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungus infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of artificial liver support system on severe @entity1578 with @entity281 , 37 cases of severe @entity1578 and 80 cases times of plasma replacement were analyzed. METHODS: The volume of plasma replacement was 2,000-2,600 ml/time. Japanese Plasauto-iQ Blood Purifying Device was used. Blood samples were observed before and after plasma replacement to determine liver function and prothrombin time. PBMCs were isolated and cultured, and the supernatants were collected to determine the levels of @entity688 ( @entity688 ), IL-12 and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN). RESULTS: Before plasma replacement, 32 cases of 80 case times had @entity281 , 5 cases of them had fever, the temperature was 37.5-38.0 centigrade. Four cases of them were @entity364 , 1 case was @entity358 . After plasma replacement, liver function was improved, temperature was normal @entity281 was controlled. The levels of @entity688 , IL-12 and gamma-IFN in supernatants before and after plasma replacement were significantly higher than normal control, and the @entity688 level after plasma replacement was markedly higher than that before plasma replacement. The levels of IL-12 and gamma-IFN after plasma replacement were higher than plasma replacement, but they didn't reached statistic difference. CONCLUSION: Plasma replacement might be helpful to control @entity281 and therefore to stabilized the @entity1578 .

title: [Influence of plasma replacement on the XXXX with @entity281 ].

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['hepatic failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the incidence of the concurrent existence of @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) and @entity10 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 (36 female, 4 male, mean age: 29.9  9.6 years) clinically diagnosed with @entity2956 were screened. @entity1 records were analyzed regarding: range of mouth opening, @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) noises, @entity158 on palpation of the @entity1348 and masticatory muscles and neck and upper back muscles, and magnetic resonance imaging of the @entity1348 . RESULTS: According to @entity1 records, a total of 40 (66.6%) @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity2956 among 60 @entity1 with @entity10 . Thirty-two (53%) @entity1 had @entity1348 internal derangement (ID), 8 (13%) @entity1 had only @entity158 ( @entity158 ) and 25 (41.6%) @entity1 had concurrent @entity1348 ID/ @entity158 . There were statistically significant relationships between the number of tender masseter muscles and @entity158 @entity1 (p=0.04) and between the number of tender medial pterygoid muscles and @entity1 with reducing disc displacement (RDD) (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: The @entity1348 and associated orofacial structures should be considered as possible triggering or perpetuating factors for @entity10 , especially tension-type. There might be a significant connection between @entity2956 and @entity10 . However, most medical and dental practitioners are unaware of this relationship. Therefore, a careful evaluation of the @entity1348 and associated orofacial structures is required for a correct interpretation of the @entity19534 in @entity10 @entity1 , and these @entity1 should be managed with a multidisciplinary approach.

title: The relationship of @entity2956 with XXXX : a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'MPD', 'myofascial pain dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity19534 :: ('MESH:D005157', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial pain']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headaches']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the incidence of the concurrent existence of @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) and @entity10 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 (36 female, 4 male, mean age: 29.9  9.6 years) clinically diagnosed with @entity2956 were screened. @entity1 records were analyzed regarding: range of mouth opening, @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) noises, @entity158 on palpation of the @entity1348 and masticatory muscles and neck and upper back muscles, and magnetic resonance imaging of the @entity1348 . RESULTS: According to @entity1 records, a total of 40 (66.6%) @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity2956 among 60 @entity1 with @entity10 . Thirty-two (53%) @entity1 had @entity1348 internal derangement (ID), 8 (13%) @entity1 had only @entity158 ( @entity158 ) and 25 (41.6%) @entity1 had concurrent @entity1348 ID/ @entity158 . There were statistically significant relationships between the number of tender masseter muscles and @entity158 @entity1 (p=0.04) and between the number of tender medial pterygoid muscles and @entity1 with reducing disc displacement (RDD) (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: The @entity1348 and associated orofacial structures should be considered as possible triggering or perpetuating factors for @entity10 , especially tension-type. There might be a significant connection between @entity2956 and @entity10 . However, most medical and dental practitioners are unaware of this relationship. Therefore, a careful evaluation of the @entity1348 and associated orofacial structures is required for a correct interpretation of the @entity19534 in @entity10 @entity1 , and these @entity1 should be managed with a multidisciplinary approach.

title: The relationship of XXXX with @entity10 : a retrospective analysis.

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorders']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5761 ( @entity5761 ) is an @entity302 that starts in childhood and has an unknown pathophysiological mechanism. Studies on the progress of @entity5761 reveal a poor prognosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 1629 @entity1 with @entity302 was conducted. @entity1 included in the study were those with an age of onset during childhood, tonic @entity410 and atypical absences (who might also suffer from other types of @entity410 ); electroencephalogram (EEG) showing generalised slow spike-wave and generalised fast activity; @entity1032 and a follow-up time of at least 10 years. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 12 @entity1 , 9 of whom were males. Follow-up time: 20 years. Onset of @entity410 : 3 years. Cryptogenic @entity5761 : 67%; symptomatic: 33%. Frequency of the @entity410 at onset: daily (83.3%) or weekly (16.7%). Types of @entity410 : tonic and atypical absences (100%); drop-attacks (83%); generalised tonic-clonic (75%); myoclonias (41.7%); partial (8.3%) and pseudo- @entity302 (8.3%). EEG with slow background activity, generalised slow spike-wave and generalised fast activity: 100%. Fifty percent of the @entity1 had at least one @entity302 status. They used an average of 7.5 different antiepileptic drugs. At the end of the follow-up 33% were suffering from @entity410 on a daily basis; 17% were weekly and 42% monthly. A total of 8.3% were free from @entity410 . All of them were following combination therapy: 17% in bitherapy and 83% with an average of 3.8 drugs (range: 3-5). A total of 92% suffered from severe or very severe @entity1032 . Fifty percent required neuroleptic drugs due to @entity74 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite the fact that the diagnosis of @entity5761 is serious, we observed a decrease in the number of @entity410 after several years of development, although the antiepileptic combination therapy remains constant. The @entity1032 and @entity74 lead to a poor functional prognosis.

title: [Development of XXXX in adulthood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5761 :: ('MESH:D065768', 'Disease') :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome', 'LGS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic encephalopathy', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural disorders']

answer: @entity5761 :: (MESH:D065768,Disease) :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']


abstract: To evaluate all inconclusive @entity400 ( @entity400 ) specimens from @entity1374 with subsequent histologic diagnosis at St John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, MI. The criterion for specimen adequacy used in our institution was also reexamined to determine whether it was too stringent. We reviewed 45 inconclusive @entity400 samples. Only cases that underwent surgical intervention were considered. Specimen adequacy was determined by the presence of at least 8-10 tissue fragments of well-preserved follicular epithelium on at least two slides; each tissue fragment should have a minimum of 8-10 cells. Different cytologic characteristics-cellularity, cellular architecture, nuclear pleomorphism, inclusion/grooves, chromatin, H  rthle cell change, lymphocytes, macrophages, colloid, and multinucleated giant cells-were scored and compared with final surgical diagnosis. The surgical procedure performed was also analyzed. Review of these 45 surgical specimens found 28 (62.2%) multinodular @entity5651 , 14 (31.1%) @entity4383 , 2 (4.4%) @entity652 , and one (2.2%) with invasive @entity189 . Forty-three (95.6%) of these cases were female and 2 (4.4%) were male. Cytologic review showed 2 acellular samples, 10 cases containing macrophages only, 10 aspirates with macrophages and an inadequate number of follicular cells, and 23 specimens with an inadequate number of follicular cells. Twenty-three @entity1 underwent total thyroidectomy; 20, lobectomy; and 2, isthumusectomy. Almost 98% of the @entity1 with inconclusive @entity400 had benign lesions. This finding encouraged us to continue using our criteria for adequacy because of the importance of a negative report. @entity1 in our series, who underwent thyroidectomy after an inconclusive or nondiagnostic aspirate, had a malignancy rate of 2.2%, which was no worse than @entity1 with a benign preoperative diagnosis. A balanced approach with careful follow-up for nondiagnostic cytology is prudent.

title: Analysis of inconclusive fine-needle aspiration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['follicular adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid follicular lesions']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid follicular lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is the most common non-cutaneous @entity5 in @entity1 . Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a mainstay of treatment for organ-confined @entity263 . Preoperatively, the process of planning RP is based on local stage and precisely defines the location and size of disease within the prostate. Nowadays, there is no technology that can accurately map @entity263 within the gland. Hence, urologists rely mainly on information provided by histopathological examination of biopsy cores, but this information does not accurately locate or @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to provide the surgeon with a 3D visualization tool capable of showing the location and extent of @entity5 within the prostate. METHODS: To perform this task, an application named iProstate, which makes use of four different mathematical predictive models that use biopsy cores information, was developed. These predictive models were trained with 277 clinical reports from @entity1 who had undergone radical prostatectomy. Two sets of data from the @entity1 reports were used to train the predictive models, the first containing the lengths of the biopsy cores and the @entity5 percentages of the biopsy cores information, and the second containing the lengths of the biopsy cores, @entity5 percentages of the biopsy cores, Gleason score, PSA and gland volume information. RESULTS: Multilayer Perceptron was the predictive model that scored the better results, giving a better approximation in the prediction of location and extent of @entity5 in the prostatic gland. Gleason score, PSA and gland volume proved to be important variables for the training of the predictive model. CONCLUSIONS: The application was able to perform predictions of the location and extent of @entity5 that were very close to the real location and extent of @entity5 observed in the whole mount radical prostatectomy specimens, therefore its implementation in clinical assessment and follow-up should be considered.

title: iProstate, a mathematical predictive model-based, 3D-rendering tool to visualize the location and extent of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'stage prostate cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Many authors have demonstrated that @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and their related risk factors can predict @entity323 ( @entity323 ). The penile Doppler ultrasonography is a method to evaluate the cavernous blood flow in @entity1 with suspected @entity11539 . The goal of our study was to evaluate if @entity323 is associated to a @entity455 and which is the role of penile Doppler investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 90 @entity1 (group 1) complaining @entity323 , but no symptoms of @entity65 were prospectively evaluated with penile Doppler ultrasound. The controls (group 2) were 45 apparently healthy subjects. Both groups were submitted to carotid and aortal-iliac Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS: 50 @entity1 (mean age 60.5 +/- 4.6 years) in group 1 (IIEF < 15) and 45 subjects (mean age 59.5 +/- 4.6 years) in group 2 (IIEF > 15) were recruited. Mean age, height, LDL- @entity165 and blood pressure value were not statistically different (p = 0.417) between the two groups. Statistically significant differences were found in weight values (p = 0.016). Only 8 @entity1 (4%) were affected by @entity9085 and 42.1% by veno-occlusive mechanism insufficiency (p > 0.05). The cavernosal artery diameters were within 0.7 +/- 0.2 and 1.2 +/- 0.1 mm. All @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity11539 of either arterial or venous origin were found asymptomatically affected by both a diffuse thickenings > 1 mm or a non hemodynamic plaque in the other vessels examined (carotid arteries or aorta or iliac arteries). DISCUSSION: Looking at our results, @entity323 is associated to diffuse thickness > 1 mm or with a non hemodynamic plaque of @entity731 origin in other vessels. These data confirm the theory that impotence has to be considered as a risk marker for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in @entity1 with no cardiovascular symptoms. In our opinion, the penile echo Doppler is not able to show any @entity409 in terms of loss of mediator releasing. CONCLUSION: In case of suspect @entity11539 , even if penile Doppler is not pathological, it would be worth performing a systemic Doppler evaluation of main arteries in order to investigate the presence of @entity731 finding and institute a preventive therapy for @entity65 .

title: The role of Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity11539 :: ('MESH:D018783', 'Disease') :: ['vasculogenic impotence']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['arterial insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity11539 :: (MESH:D018783,Disease) :: ['vasculogenic impotence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 is an uncommon @entity5 that is thought to be the malignant counterpart of the trichilemmoma. Despite histologic features such as pronounced cytologic atypia, @entity189 is often described as having a rather benign clinical course. Cases of @entity5 recurrence after therapy are uncommon, and @entity5 neurotropism has never been described. OBJECTIVE: A case of multiply recurrent @entity189 with @entity3 is described. The outer root sheath differentiation of this @entity5 is confirmed with the use of novel antibodies directed toward cytokeratins that are expressed in this area of the hair follicle. METHODS: The @entity189 was excised using the Mohs surgical technique. Tissue obtained during the extirpation of the @entity5 was subjected to immunohistochemical staining for @entity8844 , @entity9531 , and @entity1722 . RESULTS: Tumor neurotropism was noted. The @entity189 demonstrated abundant cytoplasmic staining for @entity9531 and @entity1722 . CONCLUSIONS: In distinction to previous reports, this case reveals that @entity189 can demonstrate significant biological aggression, as reflected by @entity5 neurotropism and by failure to respond to multiple surgical excisions. The purported outer root sheath differentiation of this @entity5 is confirmed with the use of novel immunohistochemical staining. This immunohistochemical staining may be useful in differentiating @entity189 from other clear cell neoplasms.

title: Multiply recurrent @entity189 with @entity3 and XXXX positivity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cutaneous malignancy', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['trichilemmal carcinoma', 'Trichilemmal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['perineural invasion']

answer: @entity9531 :: (3872,Gene) :: ['cytokeratin 17']