abstract: BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota is thought to play a key role in the development of the inflammatory bowel diseases @entity30 ( @entity30 ) and @entity31 ( @entity31 ). Shifts in the composition of resident bacteria have been postulated to drive the @entity32 seen in both diseases (the " @entity6636 " hypothesis). We therefore specifically sought to compare the mucosa-associated microbiota from both inflamed and non-inflamed sites of the colon in @entity30 and @entity31 @entity1 to that from non- @entity8787 controls and to detect disease-specific profiles. RESULTS: Paired mucosal biopsies of inflamed and non-inflamed intestinal tissue from 6 @entity30 (n = 12) and 6 @entity31 (n = 12) @entity1 were compared to biopsies from 5 healthy controls (n = 5) by in-depth sequencing of over 10,000 near full-length bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results indicate that mucosal microbial diversity is reduced in @entity8787 , particularly in @entity30 , and that the species composition is disturbed. Firmicutes were reduced in @entity8787 samples and there were concurrent increases in Bacteroidetes, and in @entity30 only, Enterobacteriaceae. There were also significant differences in microbial community structure between inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal sites. However, these differences varied greatly between individuals, meaning there was no obvious bacterial signature that was positively associated with the inflamed gut. CONCLUSIONS: These results may support the hypothesis that the overall @entity6636 observed in @entity29 @entity1 relative to non- @entity8787 controls might to some extent be a result of the disturbed gut environment rather than the direct cause of disease. Nonetheless, the observed shifts in microbiota composition may be important factors in disease maintenance and severity.

title: High-throughput clone library analysis of the mucosa-associated microbiota reveals @entity6636 and differences between inflamed and non-inflamed regions of the intestine in XXXX .

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity452 - @entity3897 stress echocardiography (DASE) is an established test for the diagnosis and risk stratification of @entity1 with @entity453 . @entity3897 use to attain target heart rate prolongs test time. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of isometric handgrip exercise (33% maximal voluntary contraction x 4 min) with DASE. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 131 @entity1 undergoing DASE randomized to handgrip exercise or no handgrip. Effect of handgrip exercise on endpoints: time to target heart rate (85% maximum predicted), recovery time, total test time, mean @entity452 and @entity3897 dosage, and the number of @entity63 responses were assessed. Effect of current beta-blocker medication use was also evaluated. RESULTS: Heart rate rose more quickly in the handgrip group. At 6-10 min (peak handgrip), mean heart rate rose 51 +/- 14 beats/min in the handgrip group compared with 38 +/- 18 beats/min in the no handgrip group (p < 0.0001). With handgrip, overall @entity452 study time was reduced by a mean of 4.3 min (16.4 +/- 6.9 vs. 20.7 +/- 8.4, p = 0.004) in all @entity1 , and by a mean of 5.9 min in @entity1 not on beta-blocker medication (p = 0.001). The handgrip group also had a lower mean dose of @entity452 (25.8 +/- 13.5 vs. 32.4 +/- 16.4 mg, p = 0.025). The mean @entity3897 dose was also lower (0.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.5 mg, p = 0.04). Handgrip exercise, however, did not decrease endpoints in @entity1 on beta-blocker medication. CONCLUSIONS: Use of isometric handgrip exercise with DASE decreases time to target heart rate, recovery time, overall study time, and mean dosage of @entity452 and @entity3897 . In @entity1 not on beta-blocker medication, handgrip exercise should be routinely incorporated into all DASE protocols.

title: Isometric handgrip exercise during @entity452 - XXXX stress echocardiography increases heart rate acceleration and decreases study duration and @entity452 and @entity3897 dosage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity3897 :: (MESH:D001285,Chemical) :: ['atropine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity452 - @entity3897 stress echocardiography (DASE) is an established test for the diagnosis and risk stratification of @entity1 with @entity453 . @entity3897 use to attain target heart rate prolongs test time. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of isometric handgrip exercise (33% maximal voluntary contraction x 4 min) with DASE. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 131 @entity1 undergoing DASE randomized to handgrip exercise or no handgrip. Effect of handgrip exercise on endpoints: time to target heart rate (85% maximum predicted), recovery time, total test time, mean @entity452 and @entity3897 dosage, and the number of @entity63 responses were assessed. Effect of current beta-blocker medication use was also evaluated. RESULTS: Heart rate rose more quickly in the handgrip group. At 6-10 min (peak handgrip), mean heart rate rose 51 +/- 14 beats/min in the handgrip group compared with 38 +/- 18 beats/min in the no handgrip group (p < 0.0001). With handgrip, overall @entity452 study time was reduced by a mean of 4.3 min (16.4 +/- 6.9 vs. 20.7 +/- 8.4, p = 0.004) in all @entity1 , and by a mean of 5.9 min in @entity1 not on beta-blocker medication (p = 0.001). The handgrip group also had a lower mean dose of @entity452 (25.8 +/- 13.5 vs. 32.4 +/- 16.4 mg, p = 0.025). The mean @entity3897 dose was also lower (0.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.5 mg, p = 0.04). Handgrip exercise, however, did not decrease endpoints in @entity1 on beta-blocker medication. CONCLUSIONS: Use of isometric handgrip exercise with DASE decreases time to target heart rate, recovery time, overall study time, and mean dosage of @entity452 and @entity3897 . In @entity1 not on beta-blocker medication, handgrip exercise should be routinely incorporated into all DASE protocols.

title: Isometric handgrip exercise during @entity452 - @entity3897 stress echocardiography increases heart rate acceleration and decreases study duration and @entity452 and XXXX dosage.

answer: @entity3897 :: (MESH:D001285,Chemical) :: ['atropine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity452 - @entity3897 stress echocardiography (DASE) is an established test for the diagnosis and risk stratification of @entity1 with @entity453 . @entity3897 use to attain target heart rate prolongs test time. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of isometric handgrip exercise (33% maximal voluntary contraction x 4 min) with DASE. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 131 @entity1 undergoing DASE randomized to handgrip exercise or no handgrip. Effect of handgrip exercise on endpoints: time to target heart rate (85% maximum predicted), recovery time, total test time, mean @entity452 and @entity3897 dosage, and the number of @entity63 responses were assessed. Effect of current beta-blocker medication use was also evaluated. RESULTS: Heart rate rose more quickly in the handgrip group. At 6-10 min (peak handgrip), mean heart rate rose 51 +/- 14 beats/min in the handgrip group compared with 38 +/- 18 beats/min in the no handgrip group (p < 0.0001). With handgrip, overall @entity452 study time was reduced by a mean of 4.3 min (16.4 +/- 6.9 vs. 20.7 +/- 8.4, p = 0.004) in all @entity1 , and by a mean of 5.9 min in @entity1 not on beta-blocker medication (p = 0.001). The handgrip group also had a lower mean dose of @entity452 (25.8 +/- 13.5 vs. 32.4 +/- 16.4 mg, p = 0.025). The mean @entity3897 dose was also lower (0.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.5 mg, p = 0.04). Handgrip exercise, however, did not decrease endpoints in @entity1 on beta-blocker medication. CONCLUSIONS: Use of isometric handgrip exercise with DASE decreases time to target heart rate, recovery time, overall study time, and mean dosage of @entity452 and @entity3897 . In @entity1 not on beta-blocker medication, handgrip exercise should be routinely incorporated into all DASE protocols.

title: Isometric handgrip exercise during XXXX - @entity3897 stress echocardiography increases heart rate acceleration and decreases study duration and @entity452 and @entity3897 dosage.

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity452 - @entity3897 stress echocardiography (DASE) is an established test for the diagnosis and risk stratification of @entity1 with @entity453 . @entity3897 use to attain target heart rate prolongs test time. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of isometric handgrip exercise (33% maximal voluntary contraction x 4 min) with DASE. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 131 @entity1 undergoing DASE randomized to handgrip exercise or no handgrip. Effect of handgrip exercise on endpoints: time to target heart rate (85% maximum predicted), recovery time, total test time, mean @entity452 and @entity3897 dosage, and the number of @entity63 responses were assessed. Effect of current beta-blocker medication use was also evaluated. RESULTS: Heart rate rose more quickly in the handgrip group. At 6-10 min (peak handgrip), mean heart rate rose 51 +/- 14 beats/min in the handgrip group compared with 38 +/- 18 beats/min in the no handgrip group (p < 0.0001). With handgrip, overall @entity452 study time was reduced by a mean of 4.3 min (16.4 +/- 6.9 vs. 20.7 +/- 8.4, p = 0.004) in all @entity1 , and by a mean of 5.9 min in @entity1 not on beta-blocker medication (p = 0.001). The handgrip group also had a lower mean dose of @entity452 (25.8 +/- 13.5 vs. 32.4 +/- 16.4 mg, p = 0.025). The mean @entity3897 dose was also lower (0.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.5 mg, p = 0.04). Handgrip exercise, however, did not decrease endpoints in @entity1 on beta-blocker medication. CONCLUSIONS: Use of isometric handgrip exercise with DASE decreases time to target heart rate, recovery time, overall study time, and mean dosage of @entity452 and @entity3897 . In @entity1 not on beta-blocker medication, handgrip exercise should be routinely incorporated into all DASE protocols.

title: Isometric handgrip exercise during @entity452 - @entity3897 stress echocardiography increases heart rate acceleration and decreases study duration and XXXX and @entity3897 dosage.

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: This study examined the impact of prolonged (up to 35 day) exposure to @entity871 on the morphology and function of the retina, in the C57BL/6J @entity19 , as a basis for interpretation of gene expression changes. @entity19 of the C57BL/6J strain were raised from birth in dim cyclic illumination (12  h 5  lux, 12  h dark). Adult animals (90-110 days) were exposed to continuous @entity871 (75% @entity26 ) for up to 35  d. Retinas were examined after 0  d (controls), 3  d, 7  d, 14  d and 35  d. Spatial and temporal patterns of photoreceptor death were mapped, using the TUNEL technique. Immunohistochemistry and a specific assay were used to assess the expression of a stress-related protein ( @entity9327 ) and the activity of key antioxidant enzymes (SOD). The dark-adapted flash electroretinogram was used to assess the function of rods and cones. RNA hybridized to Affymetrix Genechips was used to assess gene expression during the first 3  d of exposure. Photoreceptors were stable during the first 7  d exposure to @entity871 , but thereafter showed progressive @entity16 , which began in a 'hot-spot' 0.5  mm inferior to the optic disc, then spread into surrounding retina. SOD activity was upregulated at 14  d, but not at earlier time points. @entity9327 expression was upregulated in M  ller cells from 3  d. Rod and cone components of the ERG were supernormal at 3  d and 7  d, but then fell below control levels. Gene expression changes suggested possible mechanisms for this early supernormality of function. At 14  d exposure, damage to and death of photoreceptors were prominent and spreading, and function was correspondingly degraded. However at 3  d exposure, @entity871 -induced supernormal functional responses in rods, while leaving their structure apparently undamaged. Variations in early (3 days) gene expression provide a partial insight into the mechanisms involved in this.

title: Morphological, functional and gene expression analysis of the hyperoxic XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage and degeneration']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19 irradiated and reconstituted with hematopoietic cells lacking manganese @entity224 dismutase ( @entity183 ) show a persistent @entity5714 similar to @entity1 @entity417 ( @entity417 ), including characteristic intra-mitochondrial @entity68 deposition. @entity417 is primarily an acquired, @entity236 occurring in individuals over 60 years of age with uncertain etiology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To define early events in the pathogenesis of this @entity19 model of @entity417 , we compared erythroid differentiation of @entity183   /    and normal bone marrow cells using flow cytometry and gene expression profiling of erythroblasts. The predominant transcriptional differences observed include widespread down-regulation of mitochondrial metabolic pathways and mitochondrial biogenesis. Multiple nuclear encoded subunits of complexes I-IV of the electron transport chain, @entity855 synthase (complex V), @entity2974 cycle and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were coordinately down-regulated in @entity183   /    erythroblasts. Despite @entity68 accumulation within mitochondria, we found increased expression of @entity3654 receptor, @entity16344 , at both the transcript and protein level in @entity183 deficient cells, suggesting deregulation of @entity68 delivery. Interestingly, there was decreased expression of @entity72492 , the gene responsible for @entity14713 , a component required for @entity5985 cluster biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results indicate that in erythroblasts, mitochondrial oxidative stress reduces expression of multiple nuclear genes encoding components of the respiratory chain, @entity2974 cycle and mitochondrial protein synthesis. An additional target of particular relevance for @entity417 is @entity68 : @entity599 cluster biosynthesis. By decreasing transcription of components of cluster synthesis machinery, both @entity68 utilization and regulation of @entity68 uptake are impacted, contributing to the sideroblastic phenotype.

title: XXXX deficient erythroid cells up-regulate @entity16344 and down-regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism.

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['sideroblastic anemia', 'SA']

entities_list: @entity14713 :: ('MESH:C536358', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked hereditary SA with ataxia']

entities_list: @entity5985 :: ('CHEBI:30408', 'Chemical') :: ['iron-sulfur']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['clonal marrow disorder']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity183 :: (20656(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['SOD2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19 irradiated and reconstituted with hematopoietic cells lacking manganese @entity224 dismutase ( @entity183 ) show a persistent @entity5714 similar to @entity1 @entity417 ( @entity417 ), including characteristic intra-mitochondrial @entity68 deposition. @entity417 is primarily an acquired, @entity236 occurring in individuals over 60 years of age with uncertain etiology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To define early events in the pathogenesis of this @entity19 model of @entity417 , we compared erythroid differentiation of @entity183   /    and normal bone marrow cells using flow cytometry and gene expression profiling of erythroblasts. The predominant transcriptional differences observed include widespread down-regulation of mitochondrial metabolic pathways and mitochondrial biogenesis. Multiple nuclear encoded subunits of complexes I-IV of the electron transport chain, @entity855 synthase (complex V), @entity2974 cycle and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins were coordinately down-regulated in @entity183   /    erythroblasts. Despite @entity68 accumulation within mitochondria, we found increased expression of @entity3654 receptor, @entity16344 , at both the transcript and protein level in @entity183 deficient cells, suggesting deregulation of @entity68 delivery. Interestingly, there was decreased expression of @entity72492 , the gene responsible for @entity14713 , a component required for @entity5985 cluster biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results indicate that in erythroblasts, mitochondrial oxidative stress reduces expression of multiple nuclear genes encoding components of the respiratory chain, @entity2974 cycle and mitochondrial protein synthesis. An additional target of particular relevance for @entity417 is @entity68 : @entity599 cluster biosynthesis. By decreasing transcription of components of cluster synthesis machinery, both @entity68 utilization and regulation of @entity68 uptake are impacted, contributing to the sideroblastic phenotype.

title: @entity183 deficient erythroid cells up-regulate XXXX and down-regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism.

answer: @entity16344 :: (22042(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['transferrin receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overall, @entity1 are less likely than @entity1 to seek health care services for mental health problems, but differences between genders in higher age groups are equivocal. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between gender and the use of @entity146 outpatient specialist services in Norway, both in a general population and in a subpopulation with self-reported @entity308 . METHODS: Using questionnaires from 12,982 @entity1 (30-87 years) in the cross-sectional sixth Troms   Study (2007-8) we estimated proportions reporting @entity308 , and proportions using @entity146 outpatient specialist services in a year. By logistic regressions we studied the association between gender and the use of @entity146 outpatient specialist services. Analyses were adjusted for age, marital status, income, education, self-reported degree of @entity308 , and GP visits last year. Analyses were also performed for genders separately. RESULTS: @entity148 / @entity308 was reported by 21.5 % of @entity1 and 12.3 % of @entity1 in the general population. Visits to @entity146 outpatient services during one year were reported by 4.6 % of @entity1 and 3.3 % of @entity1 . The general population's probability of a visit was significantly lower among @entity1 compared to @entity1 in ages 30-49 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.58, confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.84, p-value [p]   =   0.004), whereas @entity1 used services slightly more than @entity1 in ages 50 years and over (OR 1.36, CI 1.00-1.83, p   =   0.047). Among those with @entity308 13.5 % of @entity1 and 10.5 % of @entity1 visited @entity146 outpatient services in a year. We found no statistically significant gender differences in the use of services in this subgroup. Other factors associated with services use in @entity1 with @entity308 were higher education, more severe @entity308 , and GP visits the last year, whereas in @entity1 only a more severe @entity308 was associated with @entity146 outpatient visits. Overall, the use of services decreased with higher age. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with self-reported @entity308 did not visit specialist outpatient clinics. This applies in particular to @entity1 aged 30-49 years, older individuals, and individuals with lower education. Gender differences in the use of services in the general population were dependent on age, whereas in the subgroup with @entity308 gender differences were not confirmed.

title: Gender differences in the use of XXXX outpatient specialist services in Troms  , Norway are dependent on age: a population-based cross-sectional survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety/depression', 'depression', 'anxiety and/or depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Carriers of @entity34141 premutation alleles have 55-200 CGG repeats in the 5' untranslated region of the gene. These individuals are at risk for @entity2100 associated primary @entity11157 (females) and, in late life, @entity2100 associated @entity400 and @entity2055 (males, and to a lesser extent, females). Premutation carrier status can also be associated with @entity72 , attention @entity71 , and some @entity73 . In premutation carriers, @entity34141 mRNA levels are often higher than those with normal sized alleles. In contrast, in subjects with full mutation alleles, (>200 repeats) the @entity34141 gene is silenced and @entity34141 mRNA and its product, @entity34141 , are absent. We have studied a male knock-in (KI) @entity19 model of the @entity2100 premutation (120-140 repeats) during young adulthood. In comparison to wild type, KI @entity19 were hyperactive, exhibited less @entity148 in both the open field and the elevated zero maze, were impaired on the passive avoidance test, and showed some @entity51 on a test of social interaction. Motor learning as assessed by the rotarod test was normal. @entity2343 were less complex and spine densities and lengths increased in medial prefrontal cortex, basal lateral amygdala, and hippocampus compared with wild type. Regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis measured in vivo in KI @entity19 were increased. KI @entity19 also had elevated levels of @entity34141 mRNA and decreased levels of @entity34141 . Our results highlight similarities in phenotype between KI and @entity34141 knockout @entity19 and suggest that the decreased concentration of @entity34141 contributes to the phenotype in young adult KI @entity19 .

title: A @entity19 model of the XXXX premutation: effects on behavior, dendrite morphology, and regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis.

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['subtle deficits']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['Dendritic arbors']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia syndrome']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['fragile X']


abstract: Carriers of @entity34141 premutation alleles have 55-200 CGG repeats in the 5' untranslated region of the gene. These individuals are at risk for @entity2100 associated primary @entity11157 (females) and, in late life, @entity2100 associated @entity400 and @entity2055 (males, and to a lesser extent, females). Premutation carrier status can also be associated with @entity72 , attention @entity71 , and some @entity73 . In premutation carriers, @entity34141 mRNA levels are often higher than those with normal sized alleles. In contrast, in subjects with full mutation alleles, (>200 repeats) the @entity34141 gene is silenced and @entity34141 mRNA and its product, @entity34141 , are absent. We have studied a male knock-in (KI) @entity19 model of the @entity2100 premutation (120-140 repeats) during young adulthood. In comparison to wild type, KI @entity19 were hyperactive, exhibited less @entity148 in both the open field and the elevated zero maze, were impaired on the passive avoidance test, and showed some @entity51 on a test of social interaction. Motor learning as assessed by the rotarod test was normal. @entity2343 were less complex and spine densities and lengths increased in medial prefrontal cortex, basal lateral amygdala, and hippocampus compared with wild type. Regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis measured in vivo in KI @entity19 were increased. KI @entity19 also had elevated levels of @entity34141 mRNA and decreased levels of @entity34141 . Our results highlight similarities in phenotype between KI and @entity34141 knockout @entity19 and suggest that the decreased concentration of @entity34141 contributes to the phenotype in young adult KI @entity19 .

title: A XXXX model of the @entity2100 premutation: effects on behavior, dendrite morphology, and regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Current @entity302 "prediction" algorithms are generally based on the knowledge of @entity410 occurring time and analyze the electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings retrospectively. It is then obvious that, although these analyses provide evidence of brain activity changes prior to @entity302 , they cannot be applied to develop implantable devices for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In this paper, we describe an adaptive procedure to prospectively analyze continuous, long-term EEG recordings when only the occurring time of the first @entity410 is known. The algorithm is based on the convergence and divergence of short-term maximum Lyapunov exponents (STLmax) among critical electrode sites selected adaptively. A warning of an impending @entity410 is then issued. Global optimization techniques are applied for selecting the critical groups of electrode sites. The adaptive @entity410 prediction algorithm (ASPA) was tested in continuous 0.76 to 5.84 days intracranial EEG recordings from a group of five @entity1 with refractory @entity1315 . A fixed parameter setting applied to all cases predicted 82% of @entity410 with a false prediction rate of 0.16/h. @entity410 warnings occurred an average of 71.7 min before ictal onset. Similar results were produced by dividing the available EEG recordings into half training and testing portions. Optimizing the parameters for individual @entity1 improved sensitivity (84% overall) and reduced false prediction rate (0.12/h overall). These results indicate that ASPA can be applied to implantable devices for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

title: Adaptive XXXX prediction system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic seizure']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizure']


abstract: @entity3980 is a rare @entity74 . The severe phenotype is fatal unless hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is performed. A retrospective analysis was performed in 11 @entity1 with @entity3980 who underwent HSCT and monitoring over a period of 19 years at our institution. The median age at HSCT was 8.8 months. Stem cell sources were unmanipulated bone marrow from an HLA-matched related donor in 7 @entity1 , unrelated  umbilical cord blood in 3 @entity1 , and a mismatched related donor in 1 @entity1 . Three @entity1 underwent a second HSCT. Conditioning was provided with a @entity1863 - and @entity786 -based regimen, with anti-thymocyte immunoglobulin added for the cord blood transplant recipients. @entity2132 prophylaxis consisted of @entity205 and @entity1499 for related donor recipients (8 @entity1 ) and @entity205 and @entity229 for cord blood transplant recipients (3 @entity1 ). The overall event-free survival rate was 91% with a median follow-up of 94 months (range, 15-223 months). Ten @entity1 had immune reconstitution and demonstrated sustained engraftment that ranged from 11% to 100% for lymphoid lines and from 0% to 100% for myeloid lines. HSCT from a matched related donor or unrelated cord blood provided excellent outcome, and mixed chimerism appeared satisfactory to prevent recurrent infections.

title: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in XXXX : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Graft-versus-host-disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity3980 :: ('MESH:C535887', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1', 'leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity3980 :: (MESH:C535887,Disease) :: ['leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1']


abstract: AIM: The monoclonal antibody cetuximab, targeting the @entity470 ( @entity470 ), is a promising molecular targeting agent to be used in combination with radiation for anticancer therapy. In this study, effects of cetuximab in combination with alpha-emitting radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in a panel of cultured @entity1 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) were assessed. METHODS: SCC cell lines were characterized and treated with cetuximab in combination with anti-CD44v6 RIT using the astatinated chimeric monoclonal antibody U36 ((211)At-cMAb U36). Effects on (211)At-cMAb U36 uptake, internalization and cell proliferation were then assessed in SCC cells. RESULTS: Cetuximab in combination with (211)At-cMAb U36 mediated increased growth inhibition compared to RIT or cetuximab alone in two cell lines. However, cetuximab also mediated radioprotective effects compared to RIT alone in two cell lines. The radioprotective effects occurred in the cell lines in which cetuximab clearly inhibited cell growth during radiation exposure. Cetuximab treatment also influenced (211)At-cMAb-U36 uptake and internalization, suggesting interactions between CD44v6 and @entity470 . CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study demonstrate the vast importance of further clarifying the mechanisms of cetuximab and radiation response, and the relationship between @entity470 and suitable RIT targets. This is important not only in order to avoid potential radioprotective effects, but also in order to find and utilize potential synergistic effects from these combinations.

title: Effect of cetuximab in combination with alpha-radioimmunotherapy in cultured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: The mechanisms underlying the transition of brain activity toward @entity302 remain unclear. Based on nonlinear analysis of both intracranial and scalp electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings, different research groups have recently reported dynamical smooth changes in @entity302 brain activity several minutes before @entity410 onset. Such preictal states have been detected in populations of @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) and, more recently, with different neocortical @entity302 (NPEs). In this paper, we are particularly interested in the spatio-temporal organization of epileptogenic networks prior to @entity410 in @entity302 . For this, we characterize the network of two @entity1 with NPE by means of two nonlinear measures of interdependencies. Since the synchronization of neuronal activity is an essential feature of the generation and propagation of @entity302 activity, we have analyzed changes in phase synchrony between EEG time series. In order to compare the phase and amplitude dynamics, we have also studied the degree of association between pairs of signals by means of a nonlinear correlation coefficient. Recent findings have suggested changes prior to @entity410 in a wideband frequency range. Instead, for the examples of this study, we report a significant decrease of synchrony in the focal area several minutes before @entity410 (>30 min in both @entity1 ) in the frequency band of 10-25 Hz mainly. Furthermore, the spatio-temporal organization of this preictal activity seems to be specifically related to this frequency band. Measures of both amplitude and phase coupling yielded similar results in narrow-band analysis. These results may open new perspectives on the mechanisms of @entity410 emergence as well as the organization of neocortical epileptogenic networks. The possibility of forecasting the onset of @entity410 has important implications for a better understanding, diagnosis and a potential treatment of the @entity302 .

title: Spatio-temporal dynamics prior to neocortical XXXX : amplitude versus phase couplings.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epileptic', 'neocortical epilepsies', 'epilepsy', 'partial epilepsies']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of pregnant @entity19 with @entity21653 ( @entity17594 ) on Day 8 of gestation induces @entity4353 through a mechanism linked to the @entity899 @entity5 suppressor pathway. The present study defines the response of Day 8 @entity19 embryos through time with respect to pharmacologic intervention with @entity19943 , a ligand of the mitochondrial peripheral @entity1245 receptor ( @entity19479 ). METHODS: Pregnant @entity2659 @entity19 dosed with @entity17594 with or without @entity19943 on gestation Day 8 provided fetuses for teratologic evaluation on Day 14 and Day 17; HPLC measured @entity10402 ( @entity2125 / @entity2125 +) at 1.5 hr, RT-PCR measured mitochondrial 16S rRNA abundance at 3.0 hr, and @entity899 protein induction was assessed with immunostaining at 4.5 hr postexposure. RESULTS: The mean incidences of malformed fetuses were significantly higher in the 7.5 mg/kg @entity17594 treatment group (50.2% malformed) vs. the @entity17594 + 4.0 mg/kg @entity19943 co-treatment group (4.4% malformed). Malformed fetuses displayed a range of @entity735 that included @entity4353 and @entity16490 ( @entity14417 ). No @entity600 were observed in the control or @entity19943 alone groups. @entity19943 also protected litters from increased resorption rates and fetal @entity353 . It did not rescue early effects on @entity2125 balance (1.5 hr) or 16S rRNA expression (3.0 hr); however, the @entity899 response (4.5 hr) was downgraded in @entity17594 + @entity19943 embryos vs. @entity17594 alone. By delaying the administration of @entity19943 in 1.5 hr intervals it was determined that the window for protection closed between 4.5 to 6.0 hr after @entity17594 . CONCLUSIONS: The capacity of @entity19943 to suppress the pathogenesis of @entity4353 implies a critical role for mitochondrial peripheral @entity1245 receptors in the @entity899 -dependent mode of action of @entity17594 on ocular development.

title: Exposure-disease continuum for @entity21653 , a prototype ocular teratogen. 3. Intervention with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['keratolenticular dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity21653 :: ('MESH:C036854|MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ["2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine"]

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular defects']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity10402 :: ('CHEBI:36980', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridine nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity14417 :: ('MESH:C537884', 'Disease') :: ['Peters anomaly']

answer: @entity19943 :: (MESH:C037850,Chemical) :: ['PK11195']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of pregnant @entity19 with @entity21653 ( @entity17594 ) on Day 8 of gestation induces @entity4353 through a mechanism linked to the @entity899 @entity5 suppressor pathway. The present study defines the response of Day 8 @entity19 embryos through time with respect to pharmacologic intervention with @entity19943 , a ligand of the mitochondrial peripheral @entity1245 receptor ( @entity19479 ). METHODS: Pregnant @entity2659 @entity19 dosed with @entity17594 with or without @entity19943 on gestation Day 8 provided fetuses for teratologic evaluation on Day 14 and Day 17; HPLC measured @entity10402 ( @entity2125 / @entity2125 +) at 1.5 hr, RT-PCR measured mitochondrial 16S rRNA abundance at 3.0 hr, and @entity899 protein induction was assessed with immunostaining at 4.5 hr postexposure. RESULTS: The mean incidences of malformed fetuses were significantly higher in the 7.5 mg/kg @entity17594 treatment group (50.2% malformed) vs. the @entity17594 + 4.0 mg/kg @entity19943 co-treatment group (4.4% malformed). Malformed fetuses displayed a range of @entity735 that included @entity4353 and @entity16490 ( @entity14417 ). No @entity600 were observed in the control or @entity19943 alone groups. @entity19943 also protected litters from increased resorption rates and fetal @entity353 . It did not rescue early effects on @entity2125 balance (1.5 hr) or 16S rRNA expression (3.0 hr); however, the @entity899 response (4.5 hr) was downgraded in @entity17594 + @entity19943 embryos vs. @entity17594 alone. By delaying the administration of @entity19943 in 1.5 hr intervals it was determined that the window for protection closed between 4.5 to 6.0 hr after @entity17594 . CONCLUSIONS: The capacity of @entity19943 to suppress the pathogenesis of @entity4353 implies a critical role for mitochondrial peripheral @entity1245 receptors in the @entity899 -dependent mode of action of @entity17594 on ocular development.

title: Exposure-disease continuum for XXXX , a prototype ocular teratogen. 3. Intervention with @entity19943 .

answer: @entity21653 :: (MESH:C036854|MESH:D017338,Chemical) :: ['2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous studies examining short- and long-term outcomes of pancreaticoduodenectomy with vascular resection for @entity788 have not graded perioperative complication severity. These studies may provide incomplete assessments of the efficacy of vascular resection. In the current study, we evaluated 36 @entity1 who had pancreaticoduodenectomy with major vascular resection. These were matched 1:3 by @entity5 stage and age to @entity1 who had pancreaticoduodenectomy without vascular resection. Charts were reviewed to identify all complications and 90-day readmissions. Complications were graded as either severe or minor adverse postoperative outcomes, taking into account the total length of stay. There were no statistical differences in @entity1 demographics, comorbidities, or symptoms between the groups. @entity1 who had vascular resection had significantly increased rates of severe adverse postoperative outcomes, readmissions, lengths of hospital stay, as well as higher hospital costs. @entity4988 and major vascular resection were independent predictors of severe adverse postoperative outcomes. On multivariate @entity797 -regression survival analysis, @entity1 who had vascular resection had decreased recurrence-free (12 vs. 17  months) and overall (17 vs. 29  months) survival. Major vascular resection was a predictor of mortality, may be an independent prognostic factor for survival, and may warrant incorporation into future staging systems.

title: A Graded Evaluation of Outcomes Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy with Major Vascular Resection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoalbuminemia']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine refraction, change in refraction, and risk factors for change in refraction in adults with type 1 and @entity6 . METHODS: Population-based study. Modified Early Treatment of @entity6 Study refractions and a standard history were obtained for all @entity1 . Baseline and 10-year follow-up data were available. RESULTS: Age and education were significantly associated with refraction in @entity1 with younger-onset @entity6 (T1D) and in those with older-onset @entity6 ( @entity2175 ); refractions were similar for both groups. @entity1 of similar age with T1D were likely to be more myopic than were those with @entity2175 (P < .01). In those with T1D, on average, there was a -0.28-diopter (D) change in refraction in 10 years. Those with longer duration of @entity6 were more likely to have hyperopic shifts in refraction. In @entity1 with @entity2175 , there was, on average, a +0.48-D change in refraction during the 10 years, but there was little consistency in the amount of change by age at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 of similar age, those with T1D were likely to be slightly more myopic than were those with @entity2175 . Overall, mean refraction and the important risk factors of age and education were similar to those reported in nondiabetic populations.

title: Refraction in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy', 'diabetes and proliferative retinopathy', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform an extensive screening for mutations of @entity746 ( @entity746 )-related genes in a consecutive cohort of Sardinian @entity1 , a genetic isolate phylogenically distinct from other European populations. DESIGN: Population-based, prospective cohort study. @entity1 : A total of 135 Sardinian @entity1 with @entity746 and 156 healthy control subjects of Sardinian origin who were age- and sex-matched to @entity1 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 underwent mutational analysis for @entity1367 , @entity19957 , and @entity529 . RESULTS: Mutational screening of the entire cohort found that 39 @entity1 (28.7%) carried the @entity72493 ( @entity72494 ) missense mutation of the @entity529 gene. Of these, 15 had @entity7104 (belonging to 10 distinct pedigrees) and 24 had apparently sporadic @entity746 . None of the 156 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched controls carried the pathogenic variant. Genotype data obtained for 5 @entity746 cases carrying the @entity72494 mutation found that they shared a 94-single-nucleotide polymorphism risk haplotype that spanned 663 Kb across the @entity529 locus on chromosome 1p36.22. Three @entity1 with @entity746 who carry the @entity72494 mutation developed @entity21 several years after their initial presentation with motor weakness. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity529 @entity72494 missense mutation accounts for approximately one-third of all @entity746 cases in this island population. These @entity1 share a large risk haplotype across the @entity529 locus, indicating that they have a common ancestor.

title: Large proportion of XXXX cases in Sardinia due to a single founder mutation of the @entity529 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity7104 :: ('MESH:C531617', 'Disease') :: ['familial ALS']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform an extensive screening for mutations of @entity746 ( @entity746 )-related genes in a consecutive cohort of Sardinian @entity1 , a genetic isolate phylogenically distinct from other European populations. DESIGN: Population-based, prospective cohort study. @entity1 : A total of 135 Sardinian @entity1 with @entity746 and 156 healthy control subjects of Sardinian origin who were age- and sex-matched to @entity1 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 underwent mutational analysis for @entity1367 , @entity19957 , and @entity529 . RESULTS: Mutational screening of the entire cohort found that 39 @entity1 (28.7%) carried the @entity72493 ( @entity72494 ) missense mutation of the @entity529 gene. Of these, 15 had @entity7104 (belonging to 10 distinct pedigrees) and 24 had apparently sporadic @entity746 . None of the 156 age-, sex-, and ethnicity-matched controls carried the pathogenic variant. Genotype data obtained for 5 @entity746 cases carrying the @entity72494 mutation found that they shared a 94-single-nucleotide polymorphism risk haplotype that spanned 663 Kb across the @entity529 locus on chromosome 1p36.22. Three @entity1 with @entity746 who carry the @entity72494 mutation developed @entity21 several years after their initial presentation with motor weakness. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity529 @entity72494 missense mutation accounts for approximately one-third of all @entity746 cases in this island population. These @entity1 share a large risk haplotype across the @entity529 locus, indicating that they have a common ancestor.

title: Large proportion of @entity746 cases in Sardinia due to a single founder mutation of the XXXX gene.

answer: @entity529 :: (23435,Gene) :: ['TARDBP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes following stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung @entity3 as oligo-recurrence. From May 2003 to June 2014, records for 66 @entity1 with 76 oligo-recurrences in the lungs treated with SBRT were retrospectively reviewed. Oligo-recurrence primary sites and @entity1 numbers were as follows: lungs, 31; colorectal, 13; head and neck, 10; esophagus, 3; uterus, 3; and others, 6. The median SBRT dose was 50 Gy (range, 45-60 Gy) administered in a median of 5 (range, 5-9) fractions. All @entity1 received SBRT, with no acute @entity137 . Surviving @entity1 had a median follow-up time of 36.5 months. The 3-year rates of local control, overall survival and disease-free survival were 90.6%, 76.0% and 53.7%, respectively. Longer disease-free interval from initial treatment to SBRT, and @entity14 were both associated with favorable outcomes. Disease progression after SBRT occurred in 31 @entity1 , most with distant @entity3 (n = 24) [among whom, 87.5% (n = 21) had new lung @entity3 ]. Among these 21 @entity1 , 12 were judged as having a second oligo-recurrence. Additional SBRT was performed for these 12 @entity1 , and all 12 @entity5 were controlled without disease progression. Three @entity1 (4.5%) developed Grade 2 radiation @entity55 . No other late adverse events of Grade >= 2 were identified. Thus, SBRT for oligo-recurrence achieved acceptable @entity5 control, with additional SBRT also effective for selected @entity1 with a second oligo-recurrence after primary SBRT.

title: Stereotactic body radiotherapy for lung XXXX as oligo-recurrence: a single institutional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['non-colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity295 is characterized by systemic activation of @entity32 and coagulation in response to infection. In @entity295 , activated neutrophils extrude neutrophil extracellular traps composed of cell-free DNA (CFDNA) that not only trap pathogens but also provide a stimulus for clot formation. Although the effect of CFDNA on coagulation has been extensively studied, much less is known about the impact of CFDNA on fibrinolysis. To address this, we (1) investigated the relationship between CFDNA levels and fibrinolytic activity in @entity295 and (2) determined the mechanisms by which CFDNA modulates fibrinolysis. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Plasma was collected from healthy and septic individuals, and CFDNA was quantified. Clot lysis assays were performed in plasma and purified systems, and lysis times were determined by monitoring absorbance. Clot morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy. Clots formed in plasma from septic @entity1 containing >5   g/mL CFDNA were dense in structure and resistant to fibrinolysis, a phenomenon overcome by deoxyribonuclease addition. These effects were recapitulated in control plasma supplemented with CFDNA. In a purified system, CFDNA delayed fibrinolysis but did not alter tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced @entity1351 generation. Using surface plasmon resonance, CFDNA bound @entity1351 with a Kd value of 4.2  0.3   mol/L, and increasing concentrations of CFDNA impaired @entity1351 -mediated degradation of fibrin clots via the formation of a nonproductive ternary complex between @entity1351 , CFDNA, and fibrin. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies suggest that the increased levels of CFDNA in @entity295 impair fibrinolysis by inhibiting @entity1351 -mediated fibrin degradation, thereby identifying CFDNA as a potential therapeutic target for @entity295 treatment.

title: Cell-Free DNA Modulates Clot Structure and Impairs Fibrinolysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Sepsis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: After surgery, @entity1 with @entity259 ( @entity259 ) should be assessed regarding the presence of @entity66 , the localization of @entity3 , and the identification of progressive disease. Postoperatively, @entity1 with @entity259 are staged to separate those at low risk from those at high risk of recurrence. The TNM staging system is based on @entity5 size, extra-thyroidal invasion, nodal @entity3 , and distant spread of @entity5 . In addition, the number of lymph-node @entity3 , the number of compartments involved, and the postoperative calcitonin (CTN) and @entity787 ( @entity787 ) levels should be documented. The postoperative normalization of the serum CTN level is associated with a favorable outcome. When @entity1 have basal serum CTN levels less than 150  pg/ml after a thyroidectomy, any persistent or recurrent disease is nearly always confined to lymph nodes in the neck. When the postoperative serum CTN level exceeds 150  pg/ml, @entity1 should be evaluated with imaging procedures, including computed tomography (CT) of the neck and chest, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) of the liver, bone scintigraphy, MRI of the bone, and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. One can estimate the growth rate of @entity259 @entity3 by quantifying increases in @entity5 size over time from sequential imaging studies analyzed with response evaluation criteria in @entity5 (RECIST), and by determining the @entity5 marker doubling time from sequential measures of serum CTN or @entity787 levels over multiple time points. One of the main challenges remains to find effective adjuvant and palliative options for @entity1 with @entity3 . @entity1 with persistent or recurrent @entity259 localized to the neck following thyroidectomy are candidates for neck operations, depending on the @entity5 extension. Once @entity3 appear, the clinician must decide which @entity1 require therapy. This requires a balance between the (often) slow rate of @entity5 progression, which is associated with a good quality of life, and the limited efficacy and potential @entity137 of local and systemic therapies. Considering that metastatic @entity259 is incurable, the management goals are to provide loco-regional disease control, palliate symptoms of hormonal excess, such as @entity294 , palliate symptomatic @entity3 , like @entity158 or @entity174 , and control @entity3 that threaten life, such as @entity2488 or @entity1745 . This can be achieved with palliative surgery, external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), or systemic therapy with @entity4149 kinase inhibitor (TKI).

title: Long-Term Follow-up in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma', 'MTC']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The laboratory is considered the cornerstone of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) control programme. International review of Ghana's programme in the late nineties identified the laboratory services as the weakest component. @entity20376 ( @entity20376 ) being the main method of diagnosing @entity1907 in Ghana, the training objectives were to: (i) strengthen the knowledge and skills of laboratory personnel on @entity20376 (ii) impart necessary techniques in biosafety and (iii) introduce a Quality Assurance (QA) system in order to strengthen @entity20376 services. METHODS: Personnel were selected for training during a nationwide situation analysis of @entity20376 centres in 2000/2001. Four training sessions on @entity20376 /QA were held between 2001/2004. RESULTS: A total of 80 personnel were trained: 10 regional @entity378 coordinators and 70 laboratory personnel. The @entity1 upon return to their respective regions also organized training within their districts. This approach resulted in another 100 district @entity378 coordinators and 200 laboratory personnel being trained. Improvement in smear preparation, staining and reading ability of the @entity1 were observed during the post-test and subsequent visit to their respective laboratories. The training has led to strengthening of @entity378 laboratory services in the country and has contributed to increase in case detection from 10,745 in 2000 to 11,827 in 2004 and 14,022 in 2008. It was observed during the post-training follow-up and quarterly supervision visits that morale of the personnel was high. CONCLUSION: Continuous training and re-training of laboratory personnel on @entity20376 and QA at regular intervals do play an important role for effective and efficient @entity378 control programme.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX in ghana: the role of laboratory training.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity20376 :: ('MESH:D016369', 'Disease') :: ['Sputum smear microscopy', 'SSM']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) distinction between clinical disorders on @entity2270 and @entity1314 on @entity2270 has become increasingly controversial. Although substantial comorbidity between axes has been demonstrated, the structure of the liability factors underlying these two groups of disorders is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the latent factor structure of a broad set of common @entity74 and all @entity1314 and thereby to identify clusters of disorders and account for comorbidity within and between axes. Data were collected in Norway, through a population-based interview study (N = 2,794 young adult twins). @entity2270 and @entity74 were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV), respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to investigate the underlying structure of 25 disorders. A four-factor model fit the data well, suggesting a distinction between clinical and @entity1314 as well as a distinction between broad groups of internalizing and externalizing disorders. The location of some disorders was not consistent with the DSM-IV classification; @entity10420 belonged primarily to the @entity2270 externalizing spectrum, dysthymia appeared as a @entity1314 , and @entity4225 appeared in an interspectral position. The findings have implications for a meta-structure for the DSM.

title: The joint structure of DSM-IV @entity2270 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder', 'Axis II personality disorders', 'personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Axis II disorders', 'Axis I disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Axis II disorders']


abstract: The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) distinction between clinical disorders on @entity2270 and @entity1314 on @entity2270 has become increasingly controversial. Although substantial comorbidity between axes has been demonstrated, the structure of the liability factors underlying these two groups of disorders is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the latent factor structure of a broad set of common @entity74 and all @entity1314 and thereby to identify clusters of disorders and account for comorbidity within and between axes. Data were collected in Norway, through a population-based interview study (N = 2,794 young adult twins). @entity2270 and @entity74 were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV), respectively. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to investigate the underlying structure of 25 disorders. A four-factor model fit the data well, suggesting a distinction between clinical and @entity1314 as well as a distinction between broad groups of internalizing and externalizing disorders. The location of some disorders was not consistent with the DSM-IV classification; @entity10420 belonged primarily to the @entity2270 externalizing spectrum, dysthymia appeared as a @entity1314 , and @entity4225 appeared in an interspectral position. The findings have implications for a meta-structure for the DSM.

title: The joint structure of DSM-IV XXXX and @entity74 .

answer: @entity2270 :: (MESH:C566610,Disease) :: ['Axis I']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine cost and mortality among stage IV @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 treated with @entity1487 (5FU)/ @entity4181 / @entity901 (FOLFOX) or 5FU/ @entity4181 / @entity2600 (FOLFIRI). METHODS: Adult @entity14 @entity1 newly treated with FOLFOX or FOLFIRI were identified from a large database using medical and pharmacy claims for services delivered January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2005. @entity5 stage for a subset of @entity1 was abstracted from medical records. Outcomes were annualized costs calculated for 4 years of observation, and @entity204 as recorded by the National @entity204 Index. Cost was analyzed using generalized linear modeling; mortality was modeled using Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: Unadjusted annualized median and mean costs were  134,401 and  152,213, respectively, for the FOLFOX cohort (n = 41) and  103,150 and  107,994 for the FOLFIRI cohort (n = 86). @entity204 occurred among five (12%) FOLFOX and 42 (53%) FOLFIRI @entity1 . Adjusted analysis revealed no significant difference in cost between cohorts, even after adjusting for reduced irinotecan costs due to generic availability. Incremental costs associated with one additional life saved per year were only  1,236 higher for @entity1 treated with FOLFOX compared with FOLFIRI. Cox analysis revealed a significant survival advantage for FOLFOX over FOLFIRI (HR = 5.2; 95% CI: 1.7-15.8). CONCLUSIONS: A significant survival benefit was seen for @entity14 @entity1 receiving FOLFOX versus FOLFIRI; multivariate analysis revealed no significant cost differences. However, the small sample size may have resulted in lack of adequate power to detect a difference between cohorts. There may be factors influencing mortality that were not included in the multivariate modeling.

title: A comparison of mortality and costs associated with FOLFOX versus FOLFIRI in stage IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the functional connectivity of hippocampal and selected frontal lobe circuits in @entity1 with @entity130 ( @entity130 ). DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: An inpatient @entity131 unit. Imaging and neurocognitive assessments were conducted in an outpatient research facility. @entity1 : Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 with @entity1545 consistent with @entity130 and acute subcortical @entity62 were studied as well as 16 healthy volunteers of similar age and sex. INTERVENTIONS: Echo-planar and high-resolution T1-weighted images were acquired using 3-T scanners. Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn bilaterally for the hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and were used to extract time series data. Blood oxygenation level-dependent data from each ROI were used as reference functions for correlating with all other brain voxels. Interhemispheric functional connectivity was assessed for each @entity1 by correlating homologous regions using a Pearson correlation coefficient. @entity1 functional and neurocognitive outcomes were assessed approximately 6 months after injury. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Interhemispheric functional connectivity, spatial patterns of functional connectivity, and associations of connectivity measures with functional and neurocognitive outcomes. RESULTS: @entity1 showed significantly lower interhemispheric functional connectivity for the hippocampus and ACC. Controls demonstrated stronger and more focused functional connectivity for the hippocampi and ACC, and a more focused recruitment of the default mode network for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ROI. The interhemispheric functional connectivity for the hippocampus was correlated with delayed recall of verbal information. CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 may affect interhemispheric neural activity, as @entity1 with @entity130 show disrupted interhemispheric functional connectivity. More careful investigation of interhemispheric connectivity is warranted, as it demonstrated a modest association with outcome in chronic @entity131 .

title: Deficits in functional connectivity of hippocampal and frontal lobe circuits after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic axonal injury', 'TAI', 'traumatic axonal injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic axonal injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging after @entity63 ( @entity63 ) has been well studied, while less data exist on perfusion computed tomographic (PCT) imaging. OBJECTIVES: To examine the frequency of @entity854 in @entity1 with anterior circulation @entity63 and to identify factors associated with the presence of @entity854 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Academic hospital. @entity1 : Sixty-five consecutive @entity1 admitted to Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, between June 1, 2007, and November 30, 2009, for anterior circulation motor or aphasic @entity63 in whom PCT was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using an automated software algorithm, perfusion abnormality was defined as brain tissue associated with a mean transit time greater than 145% of that of the contralateral hemisphere and cerebral blood volume greater than 2.0 mL/100 g. Demographic, risk factor, clinical, radiographic, and in-hospital outcome data were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 65 @entity1 with anterior circulation @entity63 who underwent PCT (median age, 62.4 years; 49.2% male), 22 (33.8%) had focal perfusion abnormalities. The presence of motor symptoms (95.5% vs 67.4%, P = .01), multiple (>1) episodes (18.2% vs 2.3%, P = .04), @entity2791 greater than 50% or occlusion (77.3% vs 11.6%, P < .001), large-artery @entity731 subtype (59.1% vs 9.3%, P < .001), and subsequent in-hospital events (22.7% vs 0%, P = .001) were more frequent in those with perfusion abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: On acutely performed PCT, one-third of @entity1 with hemispheric @entity63 have perfusion abnormalities. Perfusion abnormality may mark @entity1 at greater risk for subsequent early deterioration. This requires further study.

title: Perfusion computed tomography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['PCT abnormality', 'PCT abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['transient ischemic attack']


abstract: We have recently reported that @entity19 deficient in the myeloid @entity19640 -family @entity669 kinases @entity26507 , @entity72495 , and @entity16564 ( @entity19640 triple knockout [TKO]) had augmented innate lung clearance of @entity19141 murina that correlated with a higher ability of alveolar macrophages (AMs) from these @entity19 to kill P. murina. In this article, we show that despite possessing enhanced killing, AMs from naive @entity19640 TKO @entity19 did not demonstrate enhanced inflammatory responses to P. murina. We subsequently discovered that both AMs and lungs from P. murina-infected @entity19640 TKO @entity19 expressed significantly greater levels of the M2a markers RELM-a and @entity23233 , and the M2a-associated chemokines @entity15064 and @entity13128 than did wild-type @entity19 . @entity58 and @entity1312 , the primary cytokines that promote M2a polarization, were not differentially produced in the lungs between wild-type and @entity19640 TKO @entity19 . P. @entity281 in @entity19640 TKO @entity19 resulted in enhanced lung production of the novel @entity5003 family cytokine @entity26051 . Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity26051 in lung tissue revealed localization predominantly in the nucleus of alveolar epithelial cells. We further demonstrate that experimental polarization of naive AMs to M2a resulted in more efficient killing of P. murina compared with untreated AMs, which was further enhanced by the addition of @entity26051 . Administration of @entity26051 to C57BL/6 @entity19 increased lung RELM-a and @entity15064 levels, and enhanced clearance of P. murina, despite having no effect on the cellular composition of the lungs. Collectively, these results indicate that M2a AMs are potent effector cells against P. murina. Furthermore, enhancing M2a polarization may be an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of @entity19141 .

title: @entity26051 and M2a alveolar macrophages promote lung defense against the atypical fungal pathogen XXXX murina.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['murina infection']

entities_list: @entity19141 :: ('MESH:D016720', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity19141 :: (MESH:D016720,Disease) :: ['Pneumocystis']


abstract: We have recently reported that @entity19 deficient in the myeloid @entity19640 -family @entity669 kinases @entity26507 , @entity72495 , and @entity16564 ( @entity19640 triple knockout [TKO]) had augmented innate lung clearance of @entity19141 murina that correlated with a higher ability of alveolar macrophages (AMs) from these @entity19 to kill P. murina. In this article, we show that despite possessing enhanced killing, AMs from naive @entity19640 TKO @entity19 did not demonstrate enhanced inflammatory responses to P. murina. We subsequently discovered that both AMs and lungs from P. murina-infected @entity19640 TKO @entity19 expressed significantly greater levels of the M2a markers RELM-a and @entity23233 , and the M2a-associated chemokines @entity15064 and @entity13128 than did wild-type @entity19 . @entity58 and @entity1312 , the primary cytokines that promote M2a polarization, were not differentially produced in the lungs between wild-type and @entity19640 TKO @entity19 . P. @entity281 in @entity19640 TKO @entity19 resulted in enhanced lung production of the novel @entity5003 family cytokine @entity26051 . Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity26051 in lung tissue revealed localization predominantly in the nucleus of alveolar epithelial cells. We further demonstrate that experimental polarization of naive AMs to M2a resulted in more efficient killing of P. murina compared with untreated AMs, which was further enhanced by the addition of @entity26051 . Administration of @entity26051 to C57BL/6 @entity19 increased lung RELM-a and @entity15064 levels, and enhanced clearance of P. murina, despite having no effect on the cellular composition of the lungs. Collectively, these results indicate that M2a AMs are potent effector cells against P. murina. Furthermore, enhancing M2a polarization may be an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of @entity19141 .

title: XXXX and M2a alveolar macrophages promote lung defense against the atypical fungal pathogen @entity19141 murina.

answer: @entity26051 :: (77125(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-33']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Researchers need to consider the impact and utility of their findings. Film is an accessible medium for qualitative research findings and can facilitate learning through emotional engagement. AIM: We aimed to explore the usefulness of a short film presenting findings from a published qualitative synthesis of adults' experience of chronic @entity4512 for @entity158 education. In particular, we were interested in the impact of the film on clinician's understanding of @entity1 ' experience of @entity1118 and how this knowledge might be used for improved healthcare for @entity1 with @entity158 . METHODS: Focus groups with healthcare professionals enrolled in a @entity158 management foundation course explored healthcare professionals' experience of watching the film. A constructivist grounded theory approach was adopted by the researchers. FINDINGS: This article presents one thematic exemplar from a wider study. @entity1 reflected upon the pitfalls of judging by appearances and the value of seeing the @entity1 beneath his or her performance. CONCLUSION: There is a danger that the impact of qualitative findings is under-valued in clinical education. We present one exemplar from a study exploring knowledge mobilisation, which demonstrates that qualitative research, specifically qualitative films, can make us think about the care that we provide to @entity1 with @entity1118 .

title: 'It makes you think' - exploring the impact of qualitative films on XXXX clinicians.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood vessel trauma leading to @entity548 or @entity63 presents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after @entity130 . The objective of this study is to characterize the epidemiology of @entity1317 in the wars of Iraq and Afghanistan, including categorization of anatomic patterns, mechanism, and management of casualties. METHODS: The Joint Theater Trauma Registry was interrogated (2002-2009) for @entity1317 in US troops to identify specific injury (group 1) and operative intervention (group 2) groups. Battle-related @entity130 (nonreturn to duty) were used as the denominator to establish injury rates. @entity130 was compared between theaters of war and the management strategies of ligation versus revascularization (repair and interposition grafting) reported. RESULTS: Group 1 included 1570 Troops injured in Iraq ( @entity23806 ) (n = 1390) and Afghanistan (OEF) (n = 180). Mechanism included explosive (73%), gunshot (27%), and other (<1%) with explosive more common in @entity23806 than OEF (P < 0.05). During this period, 13,076 battle-related @entity130 occurred resulting in a specific rate of 12% (1570 of 13,076), which was higher in @entity23806 than OEF (12.5% vs 9% respectively; P < 0.05). Of group 1, 60% (n = 940) sustained injury to major or proximal vessels and 40% (n = 630) to minor or distal vessels (unknown vessel, n = 27). Group 2 (operative) comprised 1212 troops defining an operative rate of 9% (1212 of 13,076) and included ligation (n = 660; 54%) or repair (n = 552; 46%). Peak rates in @entity23806 and OEF occurred in November 2004 (15%) and August 2009 (11%), respectively and correlated with combat operational tempo. CONCLUSION: The rate of @entity1317 in modern combat is 5 times that reported in previous wars and varies according to theater of war, mechanism of injury and operational tempo. Methods of reconstruction are now applied to nearly half of the @entity1317 and should be a focus of training for combat surgery. Selective ligation of @entity1317 remains an important management strategy, especially for @entity130 .

title: The epidemiology of XXXX in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Mechanism of injury', 'minor or distal vessel injuries', 'injuries', 'battlefield injury']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:    To investigate the role of adding @entity136 at the time of @entity2240 failure in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC). @entity1 AND METHODS:    A retrospective chart review of 13 @entity1 with mRCC who experienced disease progression on @entity2240 and received @entity136 750 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1 and 8 and @entity2240 37.5 mg/day on days 2-15 every 21 days from September 2006-2009 was carried out.    Responses were assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 .    The median age was 59, male to female ratio 10:3, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1-3; the number of prior regimens ranged from one to five, and duration on @entity2240 alone ranged from 3 months to >1 year. RESULTS:    Twelve out of 13 @entity1 received more than two cycles with one documented partial response, five stable disease and seven progressive disease.    The median time to progression was 21 weeks.    We documented grade 4 @entity1151 (n= 1), grade 3 @entity1398 (n= 2), @entity417 (n= 2) and @entity882 (n= 1). CONCLUSION:    The combination of @entity2240 and @entity136 in @entity1 with mRCC may delay disease progression in some @entity1 exhibiting resistance to @entity2240 . This regimen merits further prospective investigation in this @entity1 population.

title: Addition of @entity136 at the time of @entity2240 resistance in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:    To investigate the role of adding @entity136 at the time of @entity2240 failure in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC). @entity1 AND METHODS:    A retrospective chart review of 13 @entity1 with mRCC who experienced disease progression on @entity2240 and received @entity136 750 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1 and 8 and @entity2240 37.5 mg/day on days 2-15 every 21 days from September 2006-2009 was carried out.    Responses were assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 .    The median age was 59, male to female ratio 10:3, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1-3; the number of prior regimens ranged from one to five, and duration on @entity2240 alone ranged from 3 months to >1 year. RESULTS:    Twelve out of 13 @entity1 received more than two cycles with one documented partial response, five stable disease and seven progressive disease.    The median time to progression was 21 weeks.    We documented grade 4 @entity1151 (n= 1), grade 3 @entity1398 (n= 2), @entity417 (n= 2) and @entity882 (n= 1). CONCLUSION:    The combination of @entity2240 and @entity136 in @entity1 with mRCC may delay disease progression in some @entity1 exhibiting resistance to @entity2240 . This regimen merits further prospective investigation in this @entity1 population.

title: Addition of @entity136 at the time of XXXX resistance in metastatic @entity1358 .

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:    To investigate the role of adding @entity136 at the time of @entity2240 failure in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC). @entity1 AND METHODS:    A retrospective chart review of 13 @entity1 with mRCC who experienced disease progression on @entity2240 and received @entity136 750 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1 and 8 and @entity2240 37.5 mg/day on days 2-15 every 21 days from September 2006-2009 was carried out.    Responses were assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 .    The median age was 59, male to female ratio 10:3, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 1-3; the number of prior regimens ranged from one to five, and duration on @entity2240 alone ranged from 3 months to >1 year. RESULTS:    Twelve out of 13 @entity1 received more than two cycles with one documented partial response, five stable disease and seven progressive disease.    The median time to progression was 21 weeks.    We documented grade 4 @entity1151 (n= 1), grade 3 @entity1398 (n= 2), @entity417 (n= 2) and @entity882 (n= 1). CONCLUSION:    The combination of @entity2240 and @entity136 in @entity1 with mRCC may delay disease progression in some @entity1 exhibiting resistance to @entity2240 . This regimen merits further prospective investigation in this @entity1 population.

title: Addition of XXXX at the time of @entity2240 resistance in metastatic @entity1358 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This small observational study was motivated by our belief that scaling the tidal volume in mechanically ventilated @entity1 to the size of the injured lung is safer and more 'physiologic' than scaling it to predicted body weight, i.e. its size before it was injured. We defined Total Lung Capacity (TLC) as the thoracic gas volume at an airway pressure of 40 cm @entity2507 and tested if TLC could be inferred from the volume of gas that enters the lungs during a brief 'recruitment' maneuver. METHODS: Lung volume at relaxed end expiration (Vrel) as well as inspiratory capacity (IC), defined as the volume of gas that enters the lung during a 5 second inflation to 40 cm @entity2507 , were measured in 14 @entity1 with @entity1576 . TLC was defined as the sum of IC and Vrel. The dependence of IC and Vrel on body mass index (BMI), respiratory system elastance and plateau airway pressure was assessed. RESULTS: TLC was reduced to 59    23% of that predicted. Vrel/TLC, which averaged 0.45    0.11, was no different than the 0.47    0.04 predicted during health in the supine posture. The greater than expected variability in observed Vrel/TLC was largely accounted for by BMI. Vrel and IC were correlated (r = 0.76). Taking BMI into account strengthened the correlation (r = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that body mass is a powerful determinant of lung volume and plateau airway pressure. Effective lung size can be easily estimated from a recruitment maneuver derived inspiratory capacity measurement and body mass index.

title: Sizing the lung of mechanically ventilated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity exerts an enormous health impact through its effect on @entity301 and its risk factors. Primary care-based and community-based intensive lifestyle counseling may effectively promote @entity353 . There has been limited implementation and evaluation of these strategies, particularly the added benefit of community-based intervention, in low-income Latino populations. DESIGN: The Vivamos Activos Fair Oaks project is a randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of two @entity28 reduction lifestyle interventions: clinic-based intensive lifestyle counseling, either alone (n = 80) or combined with community health worker support (n = 80), in comparison to usual primary care (n = 40). Clinic-based counseling consists of 15 group and four individual lifestyle counseling sessions provided by health educators targeting behavior change in physical activity and dietary practices. Community health worker support includes seven home visits aimed at practical implementation of @entity353 strategies within the @entity1 's home and neighborhood. The interventions use a framework based on Social Cognitive Theory, the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change, and techniques from previously tested lifestyle interventions. Application of the framework was culturally tailored based on past interventions in the same community and elsewhere, as well as a community needs and assets assessment. The interventions include a 12-month intensive phase followed by a 12-month maintenance phase. @entity1 are obese Spanish-speaking adults with at least one @entity65 factor recruited from a community health center in a low-income neighborhood of San Mateo County, California. Follow-up assessments occur at 6, 12, and 24 months for the primary outcome of percent change in body mass index at 24 months. Secondary outcomes include specific @entity65 , particularly blood pressure and fasting @entity413 levels. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: If successful, this study will provide evidence for broad implementation of @entity28 interventions in minority populations and guidance about the selection of strategies involving clinic-based case management and community-based community health worker support. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01242683.

title: Evaluating clinic and community-based lifestyle interventions for XXXX reduction in a low-income Latino neighborhood: Vivamos Activos Fair Oaks Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk factors', 'cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: indeterminate @entity8928 ( @entity8928 ) patterns are a major concern for diagnosis of @entity2662 ) infection, even in non-endemic areas. OBJECTIVES: (a) to define the prevalence of indeterminate @entity8928 among different populations from Argentina; (b) to evaluate if low proviral load (PVL) is associated with indeterminate @entity8928 profiles; and (c) to describe mutations in LTR and tax sequence of these cases. RESULTS: Among 2031 samples, 294 were reactive by screening. Of them, 48 (16.3%) were @entity8928 indeterminate and of those 15 (31.3%) were PCR+. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed to 52 @entity2662 + samples, classified as Group 1 (G1): 25 @entity8928 + samples from individuals with pathologies; Group 2 (G2): 18 @entity8928 + samples from asymptomatic carriers (AC); and Group 3 (G3): 9 seroindeterminate samples from AC. Median PVL was 4.78, 2.38, and 0.15 @entity2662 copies/100 PBMCs, respectively; a significant difference (p=0.003) was observed. Age and sex were associated with PVL in G1 and G2, respectively. Mutations in the distal and central regions of @entity57358 of G3 were observed, though not associated with PVL.The @entity72496 mutation of the distal region, previously related to high PVL, was absent in G3 but present in 50% of @entity8928 + samples (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: indeterminateWBresults confirmed later as @entity2662 positive may be associated with low PVL levels. Mutations in LTR and tax are described; their functional relevance remains to be determined.

title: Low Proviral Load is Associated with Indeterminate Western Blot Patterns in XXXX Infected Individuals: Could Punctual Mutations be Related?

entities_list: @entity57358 :: ('9098', 'Gene') :: ['Tax Responsive Elements (TRE) 1 and 2']

entities_list: @entity8928 :: ('MESH:D020241', 'Disease') :: ['Western blot', 'WB']

entities_list: @entity2662 :: ('11908', 'Species') :: ['HTLV-1', 'human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1']

answer: @entity2662 :: (11908,Species) :: ['Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity148 is a common problem among @entity1 who are recovering from @entity716 . At present there is no evidence based psychological treatment targeting @entity148 in this population. Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) has been shown to be effective in reducing @entity148 in @entity1 who do not have a history of @entity716 . AIMS: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of the CBM-I methodology for use in a clinical setting with @entity1 who are experiencing @entity148 following an episode of @entity716 . METHOD: Eight @entity1 with @entity148 were recruited from an early intervention service. A single session of computerized CBM-I was conducted, with mood and cognitive interpretation bias being assessed before and after the session. RESULTS: All @entity1 reported an improvement in mood immediately following the CBM-I session (n=8). For those @entity1 who had a negative interpretation bias, none became more negative following the CBM-I session, with three out of six @entity1 showing a beneficial change. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that CBM-I is acceptable for use with @entity1 who are experiencing @entity148 following a @entity716 . Further research looking at how CBM-I could be made more interactive and producing more applicable scenarios for use in a clinical setting is recommended.

title: Cognitive bias modification in the treatment of XXXX in early @entity716 : a single case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['social anxiety', 'Social anxiety']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic episode', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['social anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity148 is a common problem among @entity1 who are recovering from @entity716 . At present there is no evidence based psychological treatment targeting @entity148 in this population. Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretation (CBM-I) has been shown to be effective in reducing @entity148 in @entity1 who do not have a history of @entity716 . AIMS: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of the CBM-I methodology for use in a clinical setting with @entity1 who are experiencing @entity148 following an episode of @entity716 . METHOD: Eight @entity1 with @entity148 were recruited from an early intervention service. A single session of computerized CBM-I was conducted, with mood and cognitive interpretation bias being assessed before and after the session. RESULTS: All @entity1 reported an improvement in mood immediately following the CBM-I session (n=8). For those @entity1 who had a negative interpretation bias, none became more negative following the CBM-I session, with three out of six @entity1 showing a beneficial change. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that CBM-I is acceptable for use with @entity1 who are experiencing @entity148 following a @entity716 . Further research looking at how CBM-I could be made more interactive and producing more applicable scenarios for use in a clinical setting is recommended.

title: Cognitive bias modification in the treatment of @entity148 in early XXXX : a single case series.

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: Resistance to the broad spectrum of chemotherapeutic agents in @entity5 cell lines and @entity5 has been called multiple drug resistance (MDR). In this study, the molecular mechanisms of resistance to two anticancer agents ( @entity1311 and @entity1891 ) in @entity189 cell line MCF-7 were investigated. Drug resistant sublines to @entity1311 (MCF-7/Pac) and @entity1891 (MCF-7/ @entity23844 ) that were developed from sensitive MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/S) were used. cDNA microarray analysis was performed for the RNA samples of sensitive and resistant cells in duplicate experiments. GeneSpring GX 7.3.1 Software was used in data analysis. The results indicated that the upregulation of @entity1262 gene is the dominating mechanism of the @entity1311 and @entity1891 drug resistance. Additionally the upregulation of the genes encoding the detoxifying enzymes (i.e. @entity4191 ) was observed. Significant downregulation of apoptotic genes (i.e. @entity72497 ) and upregulation of some cell cycle regulatory genes ( @entity986 , @entity7596 etc.) was seen which may be in close relation to MDR in @entity0 . Drug resistant @entity5 cells exhibit different gene expression patterns depending on drug treatment, and each drug resistance phenotype is probably genetically different. Further functional studies are needed to demonstrate the complete set of genes contributing to the drug resistance phenotype in @entity0 cells.

title: A microarray based expression profiling of @entity1311 and XXXX resistant MCF-7 cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: Resistance to the broad spectrum of chemotherapeutic agents in @entity5 cell lines and @entity5 has been called multiple drug resistance (MDR). In this study, the molecular mechanisms of resistance to two anticancer agents ( @entity1311 and @entity1891 ) in @entity189 cell line MCF-7 were investigated. Drug resistant sublines to @entity1311 (MCF-7/Pac) and @entity1891 (MCF-7/ @entity23844 ) that were developed from sensitive MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/S) were used. cDNA microarray analysis was performed for the RNA samples of sensitive and resistant cells in duplicate experiments. GeneSpring GX 7.3.1 Software was used in data analysis. The results indicated that the upregulation of @entity1262 gene is the dominating mechanism of the @entity1311 and @entity1891 drug resistance. Additionally the upregulation of the genes encoding the detoxifying enzymes (i.e. @entity4191 ) was observed. Significant downregulation of apoptotic genes (i.e. @entity72497 ) and upregulation of some cell cycle regulatory genes ( @entity986 , @entity7596 etc.) was seen which may be in close relation to MDR in @entity0 . Drug resistant @entity5 cells exhibit different gene expression patterns depending on drug treatment, and each drug resistance phenotype is probably genetically different. Further functional studies are needed to demonstrate the complete set of genes contributing to the drug resistance phenotype in @entity0 cells.

title: A microarray based expression profiling of XXXX and @entity1891 resistant MCF-7 cells.

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4059 ( @entity4730 ) is a @entity219 -finger transcription factor that regulates many essential processes, including development and cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Along with these roles in normal cells and tissues, @entity4730 has important @entity5 suppressive and oncogenic functions in some @entity5 . However, the roles of @entity4730 in @entity957 remain unclear. This study investigated the epigenetic alterations and possible roles of @entity4730 in @entity5 . Notably, @entity4730 expression was significantly decreased in @entity1 @entity5 tissues compared with healthy controls, and @entity4730 promoter hypermethylation contributed to the suppression of @entity4730 expression. @entity4730 expression was associated with @entity5 grade. Its expression was much lower in poorly differentiated @entity5 than in well-differentiated @entity5 cells. @entity4730 exerted its antitumor activity in vitro and/or in vivo by inhibiting cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell colony formation and by inducing apoptosis. In addition, @entity4730 over-expression promoted @entity5 cell migration and invasion in vitro. Knockdown of @entity4730 promoted @entity5 cells growth and colony formation, and simultaneously inhibited cell migration and invasion. Mechanistic studies revealed that @entity1495 might contribute to @entity4730 -mediated cell migration and invasion. These results provide evidence that @entity4730 might play Janus-faced roles in @entity5 , acting both as a @entity5 suppressor and as an oncogene.

title: The Janus-faced roles of @entity4059 in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['Kr  ppel-like factor 4']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral cancers', 'cancer', 'oral cancer carcinogenesis', 'oral cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']