abstract: @entity19438 is a rare @entity2315 in which @entity3953 -containing glycolipids, glycoproteins and oligosaccharides accumulate in tissues, as a result of a deficiency of a-L-fucosidase. In this report we describe clinical, dysmorphological and radiological findings of a @entity1 with this disorder. @entity245 , @entity85 and mild coarsening of the face began at two years of age. Clinical signs typical for @entity19438 evolved over time. Psychomotor deterioration progressed slowly. At age 12, he could not walk without help; he was admitted to the hospital with @entity717 , @entity851 and coarse facial features. A skeletal survey showed @entity19637 . Cranial MRI demonstrated high intensities on the periventricular white matter and low intensities on the basal ganglia on T2- weighted images. Despite the absence of @entity15967 on the skin, @entity922 was suspected. The diagnosis was established on the basis of severely decreased activity of a-L-fucosidase in the leukocytes. The natural history and specific dysmorphic and radiological findings should, even in the absence of @entity15967 , assist in the differential diagnosis of this rare condition when @entity2315 are suspected, particularly in populations in which consanguineous marriages are common.

title: A case of XXXX : diagnosed with dysmorphological and radiological findings.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorders', 'autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity19438 :: ('MESH:D005645', 'Disease') :: ['Fucosidosis', 'fucosidosis']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity19637 :: ('MESH:D004413', 'Disease') :: ['dysostosis multiplex']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity15967 :: ('MESH:D000794', 'Disease') :: ['angiokeratoma']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deformities']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['type II fucosidosis with clinical, dysmorphological and radiological signs']

answer: @entity19438 :: (MESH:D005645,Disease) :: ['fucosidosis type II']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Once classic treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy have been exhausted, only few therapeutic options remain for extensive @entity1489 or cutaneous @entity3 . In such cases, electrochemotherapy may be considered as alternative therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, clinical features, treatment response, and adverse effects were evaluated in 56 @entity1 treated with electrochemotherapy at six German dermatology departments. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 cohort (14 @entity1 , 42 @entity1 ) was 69.3 years. Included were 20 @entity1 with skin metastasis of advanced @entity320 , 13 @entity1 with @entity0 @entity3 , 15 @entity1 with primary @entity957 or cutaneous @entity3 of other @entity189 types, and 8 @entity1 with @entity706 or @entity242 . The overall response rate was 44.6% (10.7% complete response; 33.9% partial response). By contrast, 31 (55.4%) @entity1 did not respond (12.5% had stable disease; 42.9%, @entity5 progression). @entity1 with @entity320 and @entity706 or @entity242 responded significantly better than those with @entity189 . Roughly one quarter of @entity1 showed an improvement in @entity5 -related exudation, fetor, and @entity548 . CONCLUSION: Showing only few adverse effects, electrochemotherapy was effective in about one half of the @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . Treatment response appears to depend on the @entity5 entity.

title: Electrochemotherapy in advanced @entity1489 and cutaneous XXXX - a retrospective multicenter analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the skin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Once classic treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy have been exhausted, only few therapeutic options remain for extensive @entity1489 or cutaneous @entity3 . In such cases, electrochemotherapy may be considered as alternative therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, clinical features, treatment response, and adverse effects were evaluated in 56 @entity1 treated with electrochemotherapy at six German dermatology departments. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 cohort (14 @entity1 , 42 @entity1 ) was 69.3 years. Included were 20 @entity1 with skin metastasis of advanced @entity320 , 13 @entity1 with @entity0 @entity3 , 15 @entity1 with primary @entity957 or cutaneous @entity3 of other @entity189 types, and 8 @entity1 with @entity706 or @entity242 . The overall response rate was 44.6% (10.7% complete response; 33.9% partial response). By contrast, 31 (55.4%) @entity1 did not respond (12.5% had stable disease; 42.9%, @entity5 progression). @entity1 with @entity320 and @entity706 or @entity242 responded significantly better than those with @entity189 . Roughly one quarter of @entity1 showed an improvement in @entity5 -related exudation, fetor, and @entity548 . CONCLUSION: Showing only few adverse effects, electrochemotherapy was effective in about one half of the @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . Treatment response appears to depend on the @entity5 entity.

title: Electrochemotherapy in advanced XXXX and cutaneous @entity3 - a retrospective multicenter analysis.

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess genetic mutations and associated @entity154 in a series of @entity1 with 46,XY @entity444 ( @entity444 ). DESIGN: Single center retrospective study. SETTING: University pediatric hospital. @entity1 (S): Fourteen @entity1 with 46,XY @entity444 . INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Genotype-phenotype relationship. RESULT(S): The presenting symptom was @entity4998 (6 @entity1 ), primary @entity2588 (2 @entity1 ), discordance between 46,XY karyotype and female external genitalia (3 @entity1 ), discovery of M  llerian structures at surgery (2 @entity1 ), or diagnosed in the evaluation of a @entity5 (1 @entity1 ). M  llerian structures were shown by ultrasound evaluation in 7 of 13 @entity1 , genitography in 3 of 6 @entity1 and/or surgery in 8 of 10 @entity1 (3 not seen at imaging), or only by histologic examination (1 @entity1 ). Three @entity1 had @entity5712 and/or @entity4797 . A mutation was found in 7 @entity1 of whom 2 had family history of reproductive problems and 5 had associated @entity154 . The mutations were @entity48069 / @entity48069 (1 @entity1 ), SRY (2 @entity1 ), @entity8587 (1 @entity1 ), or deletions of distal chromosome 9p (3 @entity1 ). Among the three other @entity1 with associated anomalies and no mutation, two had @entity2321 and one had @entity1778 . CONCLUSION(S): Mutations were observed in half of the @entity1 with 46,XY @entity444 with M  llerian structures. We also describe for the first time the association between @entity444 and @entity2321 . M  llerian structures can be found in some cases only by histologic examination, which should be coupled to preventive gonadectomy because of the risk of @entity5 formation.

title: Genetic mutations and @entity154 in association with 46,XY XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['somatic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2321 :: ('MESH:D004476', 'Disease') :: ['ectodermal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of sex development']

entities_list: @entity5712 :: ('MESH:D018238', 'Disease') :: ['gonadoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gonadal tumor']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['GD', 'gonadal dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity444 :: (MESH:D006059,Disease) :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess genetic mutations and associated @entity154 in a series of @entity1 with 46,XY @entity444 ( @entity444 ). DESIGN: Single center retrospective study. SETTING: University pediatric hospital. @entity1 (S): Fourteen @entity1 with 46,XY @entity444 . INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Genotype-phenotype relationship. RESULT(S): The presenting symptom was @entity4998 (6 @entity1 ), primary @entity2588 (2 @entity1 ), discordance between 46,XY karyotype and female external genitalia (3 @entity1 ), discovery of M  llerian structures at surgery (2 @entity1 ), or diagnosed in the evaluation of a @entity5 (1 @entity1 ). M  llerian structures were shown by ultrasound evaluation in 7 of 13 @entity1 , genitography in 3 of 6 @entity1 and/or surgery in 8 of 10 @entity1 (3 not seen at imaging), or only by histologic examination (1 @entity1 ). Three @entity1 had @entity5712 and/or @entity4797 . A mutation was found in 7 @entity1 of whom 2 had family history of reproductive problems and 5 had associated @entity154 . The mutations were @entity48069 / @entity48069 (1 @entity1 ), SRY (2 @entity1 ), @entity8587 (1 @entity1 ), or deletions of distal chromosome 9p (3 @entity1 ). Among the three other @entity1 with associated anomalies and no mutation, two had @entity2321 and one had @entity1778 . CONCLUSION(S): Mutations were observed in half of the @entity1 with 46,XY @entity444 with M  llerian structures. We also describe for the first time the association between @entity444 and @entity2321 . M  llerian structures can be found in some cases only by histologic examination, which should be coupled to preventive gonadectomy because of the risk of @entity5 formation.

title: Genetic mutations and XXXX in association with 46,XY @entity444 .

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['somatic anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Ventricular Assist Device for the Treatment of Advanced @entity712 (ADVANCE) Bridge to Transplant (BTT) trial was a multicenter, prospective trial of the HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device (HVAD). The performance of the HVAD in various demographic sub-groups was evaluated. METHODS: Baseline characteristics, adverse events, and survival were compared for @entity1 vs @entity1 and whites vs non-whites in the combined ADVANCE BTT and continued access protocol trial. Of 332 @entity1 enrolled in these trials, 236 were @entity1 and 96 @entity1 , with 228 whites and 104 non-whites. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity1 had a smaller body surface area (1.8    0.2 vs 2.1    0.3 m(2), p < 0.0001), less @entity101 (50.0% vs 61.9%, p = 0.05), and less @entity296 (15.6% vs 45.3%, p < 0.0001). Differences in Kaplan-Meier survival were not significant at 180 days ( @entity1 , 91.8%; @entity1 , 91.7%) and 1 year ( @entity1 , 85.3%; @entity1 , 85.1%) despite adjustment for baseline differences. @entity1 had a lower incidence of early right @entity712 and @entity177 , and a shorter length of stay. In the analysis by race, non-whites were younger than whites and had less @entity712 , more @entity101 , and lower @entity1011 levels at baseline. Non-whites had lower rates of @entity943 , @entity548 requiring rehospitalization, and device malfunctions than whites. Survival was high in non-whites and whites, at 94.1% vs 90.4% at 180 days and 89.2% vs 82.8% at 1 year, respectively, despite adjustment for baseline differences. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity712 etiology differed between @entity1 and @entity1 and between whites and non-whites, sex and race were not factors that affected survival in @entity1 receiving the HVAD as BTT, which was high in all sub-groups.

title: An examination of survival by sex and race in the HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device for the Treatment of Advanced XXXX (ADVANCE) Bridge to Transplant (BTT) and continued access protocol trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart failure', 'Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal and respiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin (PCSK) enzymes cleave and convert their immature substrates into biologically active forms. Polymorphisms in the PCSK genes have been reported to associate with @entity1 diseases and phenotypes, including @entity1007 and blood pressure (BP), and targeting PCSKs is considered a promising future form of drug therapy. PCSK processing is readily induced upon upregulation of the enzyme, but the genetic factors contributing to PCSK expression have not been thoroughly characterized. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the genetic regulation of PCSK expression, we performed, for the first time, a genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis using mRNA expression in >1400 @entity1 peripheral blood samples from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study and ca. ten million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The expression data showed clear expression for @entity13379 , @entity11399 , @entity16553 and @entity52678 (membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1) mRNAs in virtually all tested samples. A discovery analysis demonstrated a genome-wide significant (p  <  5  *  10(-8)) association with the selected PCSK probes for 1024 variants, which were located at ten independent loci. Of these loci, 5/10 could be confirmed to regulate PCSK expression in two additional and independent sample sets. Finally, a phenotypic analysis demonstrated that a novel cis-eQTL SNP @entity71282 for @entity13379 is strongly associated with both diastolic (p  =  0.012) and systolic (p  =  0.035) BP levels, as well as peripheral vascular resistance (p  =  0.003). These findings indicate that the expression of the PCSK enzymes is regulated by genetic factors, which have biological roles in health and disease.

title: A genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci analysis of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin enzymes identifies a novel regulatory gene variant for XXXX expression and blood pressure.

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

answer: @entity13379 :: (5045,Gene) :: ['FURIN']


abstract: Ultrastructural studies were made of the early changes induced in left ventricular myocardium by @entity4974 given to @entity35 either in drinking water (10.7 mM for 1 to 7 days) or by gavage (100 mg. per kg. per day for 1 or 2 days). @entity35 on the drinking water protocol developed myocardial alterations evident by light and electron microscopy within 2 days; those given @entity4974 by gavage developed lesions after 24 hours. The earliest alteration consisted on @entity4 and "activation" of interstitial cells possessing an oblong shape, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, occasional lysosomes, a prominent Golgi apparatus, few mitochondria, and large irregular nuclei (often with a typical "Anitschkow" morphology). Mitoses of these interstitial cells were frequent. Mitoses were also observed in endothelial cells. Acute @entity296 , which developed after 6 days of the drinking water protocol or one gavage dose, was characterized by focal @entity528 with lipid droplet accumulation and Z-line distortion and dissolution, especially prominent in areas of intercellular junctions. These focal lesions coalesced to involve whole myocytes with severe @entity528 and contraction band @entity39 . Mitochondria of severely altered cells were swollen and contained dense inclusions. Nuclei had prominent nucleoli and, in severely @entity39 cells, clumped and irregular chromatin. Large areas of @entity39 myocardium showed extravasated red blood cells and minimal intra- and extracellular deposition of fibrin. Vascular @entity39 or @entity715 was not seen. A prompt inflammatory infiltrate was composed predominantly of macrophages invading @entity39 myocytes, with occasional polymorphonuclear neutrophilic and eosinophilic leukocytes.

title: Ultrastructural alterations in XXXX - induced @entity296 : early lesions.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity4974 :: ('MESH:D000499', 'Chemical') :: ['allylamine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['myofibrillar degeneration']

answer: @entity4974 :: (MESH:D000499,Chemical) :: ['allylamine']


abstract: Ultrastructural studies were made of the early changes induced in left ventricular myocardium by @entity4974 given to @entity35 either in drinking water (10.7 mM for 1 to 7 days) or by gavage (100 mg. per kg. per day for 1 or 2 days). @entity35 on the drinking water protocol developed myocardial alterations evident by light and electron microscopy within 2 days; those given @entity4974 by gavage developed lesions after 24 hours. The earliest alteration consisted on @entity4 and "activation" of interstitial cells possessing an oblong shape, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, occasional lysosomes, a prominent Golgi apparatus, few mitochondria, and large irregular nuclei (often with a typical "Anitschkow" morphology). Mitoses of these interstitial cells were frequent. Mitoses were also observed in endothelial cells. Acute @entity296 , which developed after 6 days of the drinking water protocol or one gavage dose, was characterized by focal @entity528 with lipid droplet accumulation and Z-line distortion and dissolution, especially prominent in areas of intercellular junctions. These focal lesions coalesced to involve whole myocytes with severe @entity528 and contraction band @entity39 . Mitochondria of severely altered cells were swollen and contained dense inclusions. Nuclei had prominent nucleoli and, in severely @entity39 cells, clumped and irregular chromatin. Large areas of @entity39 myocardium showed extravasated red blood cells and minimal intra- and extracellular deposition of fibrin. Vascular @entity39 or @entity715 was not seen. A prompt inflammatory infiltrate was composed predominantly of macrophages invading @entity39 myocytes, with occasional polymorphonuclear neutrophilic and eosinophilic leukocytes.

title: Ultrastructural alterations in @entity4974 - induced XXXX : early lesions.

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The bilayer gelatin sealing sheet was developed as a safe, effective, easy-to-handle and low-cost hemostatic agent. OBJECTIVE: To examine the feasibility of gelatin sealing sheets using a @entity235 @entity548 model. METHODS: In vivo degradation of gelatin sealing sheets was examined by implanting subcutaneously in @entity35 . For the hemostatic and anti-adhesion efficacy investigations, femoral arteries of @entity235 were pricked with syringe needle to make a small hole and a gelatin (i.e. experimental group) or fibrin glue sealing sheet (i.e. control group) was applied on the hole to stop @entity548 (n=8). After discontinuation of the @entity548 , the skin incisions were closed and re-examined 4 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: From the degradation study, 4 h thermally treated gelatin sheet which degraded within 3 weeks in vivo was chosen for the further hemostatic study. In all cases of gelatin and fibrin glue sealing sheets, @entity548 from the needle hole on @entity235 femoral arteries was effectively stopped. @entity86 and @entity32 at the site in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group (P<0.01 for adhesion scores). CONCLUSIONS: The gelatin sealing sheet was found to be as effective as the fibrin glue sealing sheet as a surgical hemostatic agent, and more effective in preventing @entity86 .

title: Gelatin sealing sheet for arterial hemostasis and anti-adhesion in vascular surgery: a XXXX model study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'arterial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative adhesions', 'postoperative adhesions']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Extracorporeal blood purification systems for supportive therapy of @entity1578 are widely used. We developed a novel blood purification system, named @entity8357 's artificial liver system ( @entity8357 - @entity2655 ), which couples low-volume plasma exchange ( @entity258 ) with plasma filtration adsorption (PFA). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of our novel system in @entity1707 with @entity879 ( @entity879 ). METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1707 were infused with @entity8688 (1.3g/kg) to induce @entity879 . All animals were equally and randomly divided into four groups: the @entity879 control group received intensive care, the PFA group underwent five hour plasma recycling filtration and adsorption purification, the @entity258 group received one hour @entity258 , and the @entity8357 - @entity2655 group underwent one hour @entity258 , followed by five hour PFA. Intervention was initiated 36hours after drug administration. The efficacy of each treatment was assessed by survival time and improvement in hematological, biochemical, and immunohistological parameters. RESULTS: @entity1707 in the Li- @entity2655 group survived longer than those in the other groups (p<0.001, @entity879 control: 60  2h; PFA group: 74  2h; @entity258 group: 75  2h; and @entity8357 - @entity2655 group: 90  3h). Liver enzyme, @entity648 , @entity6741 and blood @entity3265 levels were decreased significantly after @entity8357 - @entity2655 treatment, and increases in inflammatory cytokines were ameliorated. A higher hepatocyte regeneration index was also observed in the Li- @entity2655 group. CONCLUSION: Our novel @entity8357 - @entity2655 could expedite @entity409 and improve survival time; hence, it could be promising for treating @entity879 .

title: Efficacy of coupled low-volume plasma exchange with plasma filtration adsorption in treating XXXX with @entity879 : A randomised study.

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity8688 :: ('CHEBI:60313', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactosamine']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-volume PE']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Extracorporeal blood purification systems for supportive therapy of @entity1578 are widely used. We developed a novel blood purification system, named @entity8357 's artificial liver system ( @entity8357 - @entity2655 ), which couples low-volume plasma exchange ( @entity258 ) with plasma filtration adsorption (PFA). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of our novel system in @entity1707 with @entity879 ( @entity879 ). METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1707 were infused with @entity8688 (1.3g/kg) to induce @entity879 . All animals were equally and randomly divided into four groups: the @entity879 control group received intensive care, the PFA group underwent five hour plasma recycling filtration and adsorption purification, the @entity258 group received one hour @entity258 , and the @entity8357 - @entity2655 group underwent one hour @entity258 , followed by five hour PFA. Intervention was initiated 36hours after drug administration. The efficacy of each treatment was assessed by survival time and improvement in hematological, biochemical, and immunohistological parameters. RESULTS: @entity1707 in the Li- @entity2655 group survived longer than those in the other groups (p<0.001, @entity879 control: 60  2h; PFA group: 74  2h; @entity258 group: 75  2h; and @entity8357 - @entity2655 group: 90  3h). Liver enzyme, @entity648 , @entity6741 and blood @entity3265 levels were decreased significantly after @entity8357 - @entity2655 treatment, and increases in inflammatory cytokines were ameliorated. A higher hepatocyte regeneration index was also observed in the Li- @entity2655 group. CONCLUSION: Our novel @entity8357 - @entity2655 could expedite @entity409 and improve survival time; hence, it could be promising for treating @entity879 .

title: Efficacy of coupled low-volume plasma exchange with plasma filtration adsorption in treating @entity1707 with XXXX : A randomised study.

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute liver failure']


abstract: The effect of race on @entity0 outcome is confounded by @entity5 and treatment heterogeneity. We examined a cohort of @entity1 with @entity0 treated uniformly with neoadjuvant chemotherapy to identify factors associated with racial differences in chemotherapeutic response and long-term survival. Using a prospective database, we identified @entity1 with @entity0 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 1998 to 2011. Race was categorized @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ) or non- @entity3004 . Preplanned subtype analyses were stratified by @entity5282 ( @entity5282 ) and @entity1722 . Pathologic response to chemotherapy (pCR), time to recurrence (TTR), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were assessed using logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Of 349 @entity1 identified, 102 (29 %) were @entity3004 , who were younger (p = 0.03), more @entity28 (p < 0.001), and less likely to have @entity5282 +/ @entity1722 - @entity5 (p = 0.01). No significant differences in pCR rate by race were found. At median follow-up of 6.5 years, @entity3004 had worse TTR (hazard ratio 1.51, 95 % CI 1.02-2.24), which was attenuated in multivariable modeling, and there was no significant difference in @entity1349 . When stratified by @entity5282 , worse outcomes were limited to @entity5282 + @entity3004 (TTR hazard ratio 1.85, 95 % CI 1.09-3.14; @entity1349 hazard ratio 2.42 95 % CI 1.37-4.28), which remained significant in multivariable analysis including pCR rate and BMI. With long-term follow-up, racial disparity in outcome was limited to @entity5282 + @entity0 , with no apparent contribution of chemotherapy sensitivity. This suggests that disparity root causes may be driven by @entity5282 + factors such as unmeasured molecular differences, endocrine therapy sensitivity, or adherence.

title: Race, response to chemotherapy, and outcome within clinical XXXX subtypes.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage II-III breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'as African-American']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['HR', 'hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is often a discrepancy between results from endoscopic forceps biopsy and resected specimen. We aimed to identify endoscopic predictors for undifferentiated histology in differentiated @entity356 prior to endoscopic resection. METHODS: Medical records of the @entity1 who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for biopsy-proven differentiated @entity356 at Seoul National University Hospital between July 2005 and July 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The lesions were divided into two groups based on the final histologic result of ESD: differentiated @entity420 (DA group) and undifferentiated histology (UDH group). The discordant rate, clinicopathologic characteristics, and endoscopic factors were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 1641 early @entity356 from 1615 @entity1 were included. Of these, 1556 (94.8  %) were diagnosed as DA and 85 (5.2  %) as UDH. The mean age was significantly lower, and number of @entity1 was higher in the UDH group than in the DA group. On multivariate analysis, age <65  years [odds ratio (OR) 1.75, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.10-2.80], female sex (OR 3.19, 95  % CI 2.00-5.08), endoscopic size >10  mm (OR 1.81, 95  % CI 1.12-2.92), depressed type (OR 2.85, 95  % CI 1.56-5.21), nodularity (OR 2.83, 95  % CI 1.59-5.05), and whitish discoloration (OR 19.64, 95  % CI 6.98-55.25) were independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Female sex, age <65  years, large endoscopic size, depressed morphology, surface nodularity, and whitish discoloration were predictors for UDH. Meticulous attention should be paid to the lesions with these endoscopic predictors for determining the risk of UDH prior to endoscopic resection.

title: Endoscopic predictors for undifferentiated histology in differentiated XXXX prior to endoscopic resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers', 'gastric neoplasms']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric neoplasms']


abstract: Two cases of @entity116 in the @entity1641 are reported. The two @entity1 were thoroughbreds. One was eight and the other thirteen years old. The mares were in heat and were brought to the service (stud) station to be mated. Both @entity1 were nursing a foal. One was a four-week-old foal and the other was seven weeks old. The @entity460 level of the serum had dropped in the two @entity1 , to 4.0 mg and 5.4 per ml. respectively. The @entity1760 level was 1.0 mg and 1.9 mg per 100 ml. respectively. The animals responded satisfactorily to intravenous infusion of @entity65347 and @entity8723 . One of the mares was also give 10 1. of physiological saline a few times.

title: [Two cases of XXXX in the @entity1641 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8723 :: ('MESH:D015636', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium chloride']

entities_list: @entity65347 :: ('MESH:C034286', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium borogluconate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetany']


abstract: Two cases of @entity116 in the @entity1641 are reported. The two @entity1 were thoroughbreds. One was eight and the other thirteen years old. The mares were in heat and were brought to the service (stud) station to be mated. Both @entity1 were nursing a foal. One was a four-week-old foal and the other was seven weeks old. The @entity460 level of the serum had dropped in the two @entity1 , to 4.0 mg and 5.4 per ml. respectively. The @entity1760 level was 1.0 mg and 1.9 mg per 100 ml. respectively. The animals responded satisfactorily to intravenous infusion of @entity65347 and @entity8723 . One of the mares was also give 10 1. of physiological saline a few times.

title: [Two cases of @entity116 in the XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: @entity520 is a common problem of @entity1 on @entity4837 intensive care units. Only little data exists in literature and there are no clinical guidelines. The aim of this national survey was to assess criteria for correction of @entity520 in @entity4837 @entity1 and if there were effects to be observed. Methods: We designed an online survey and sent it to 304 German @entity1 's hospitals. 101 questionnaires were included in our study. Results: The question "How often do you buffer on your ward a week?" was answered 63 times with "zero". In perinatal @entity1763 newborns with gestation age over 36+0 weeks 4% of the neonatologists would frequently perform a correction of @entity520 , 74.3% would do it rarely and 21.8% never. In syndrome of @entity33711 28.4% would correct @entity520 frequently, 42.0% would correct it rarely and 29.5% would never correct it. In case of @entity295 8.7% would correct @entity520 frequently, 70.7% would do it rarely and 20.7% would never correct it. 75.2% of the @entity1 distinguish in buffering a premature or a mature @entity1 . 44.4% of neonatologists saw an improvement of the clinical status of the @entity1 after buffering. 38.3% saw different effects, 16.0% saw no changes and 1.2% saw a worsening of the clinical status. 49.4% of those questioned saw side effects after using @entity4388 as a buffer. Conclusion: Correction of @entity520 with a buffer is rarely performed on German neonatology wards. The indication of buffering depends on the clinical picture and its underlying problem. Benefits from buffering were seen, as well as side effects.

title: [Correction of XXXX in Neonatal Intensive-care Medicine: A National Survey].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'Metabolic acidosis', 'metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity33711 :: ('MESH:D010547', 'Disease') :: ['persistent fetal circulation']

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['Acidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: International @entity6942 treatment guidelines recommend a minimum 10 to 14 days' intravenous antibiotic therapy (intensive phase), followed by 3 to 6 months' oral therapy (eradication phase). This approach is associated with rates of relapse, defined as recurrence following the eradication phase, that can exceed 5%. Rates of recrudescence, defined as recurrence during the eradication phase, have not previously been reported. In response to low eradication phase completion rates in Australia, a local guideline has evolved over the last ten years recommending a longer minimum intensive phase duration for many cases of @entity6942 . METHODOLOGY/ PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This retrospective cohort study reviews antibiotic duration for the first episode of care for all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6942 and surviving the intensive phase during a recent three year period in the tropical north of Australia's Northern Territory; we also review adherence to the current local guideline and treatment outcomes. Of 215 first episodes of @entity6942 surviving the intensive phase, the median (interquartile range) intensive phase duration was 26 (14-34) days. One hundred and eight (50.2%) @entity1 completed eradication therapy; 58 (27.0%) @entity1 took no eradication therapy. At 28 months' follow-up, one (0.5%) relapse and eleven (5.1%) recrudescences had occurred. On exact logistic regression analysis, the only independent risk factors for recrudescence were self-discharge during the intensive phase (odds ratio 6.2 [95% confidence interval 1.2-30.0]) and @entity326 (odds ratio 5.3 [95% confidence interval 1.1-25.7]). CONCLUSIONS/ SIGNIFICANCE: Relapsed @entity6942 is rare in @entity1 who receive a minimum intensive phase duration specified by our guideline and extended according to clinical progress. Recrudescence rates may improve with reductions in rates of self-discharge. Given the low relapse rate despite a high rate of eradication therapy non-adherence, the duration and necessity of eradication therapy for different @entity1 after guideline-concordant intensive therapy should be evaluated further.

title: Intravenous Therapy Duration and Outcomes in XXXX : A New Treatment Paradigm.

entities_list: @entity6942 :: ('MESH:D008554', 'Disease') :: ['melioidosis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity6942 :: (MESH:D008554,Disease) :: ['Melioidosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity46 is a @entity13374 defined by the growth of endometrium outside of the uterus. Although @entity46 contributes to 50% of female @entity249 cases, medical treatments are incompatible with pregnancy. Angiogenesis, the growth of blood vessels from existing vasculature, plays a crucial role in endometriotic lesion growth and survival. Previously, we demonstrated the effectiveness of @entity39244 analog, @entity50530 (Abbott Laboratories) to inhibit @entity455 in @entity19 . We have now evaluated the trans-generational implications of @entity50530 treatment before and during @entity19 pregnancy. We hypothesized that @entity50530 would @entity75 vasculature without affecting pregnancy, offspring development, or ovarian and uterine vascularity in @entity19 . @entity46 was induced using @entity1 endometrium in b-estradiol-primed BALB/c-Rag-2-/-Il2ry-/- @entity19 receiving intraperitoneal injections of @entity50530 (25 mg/kg) or 5% dextrose control for 21 days. Ultrasound assessment of lesion vascularization revealed a reduction in blood flow supplying treated lesions. Excised @entity50530 treated lesions stained for @entity5231 + endothelial cells exhibited a decrease in microvessel density. Following confirmation of estrous cycling, @entity19 were bred and treated with @entity50530 on gestation days 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19. @entity50530 did not affect estrous cycling or pregnancy parameters including litter size across generations and offspring @entity1017 . Quantification of angiogenic cytokine plasma levels revealed no significant differences between treatment groups. @entity3111 staining of the uterus and ovary revealed no observable effects of @entity50530 . Similarly, no obvious histological anomalies were observed in the kidney, liver, ovary, or uterus following @entity50530 treatment. These results suggest that @entity50530 effectively inhibit @entity455 without affecting trans-generational pregnancy outcomes in @entity19 .

title: Compatibility of a Novel @entity39244 Analog with Fertility and Pregnancy in a Xenograft @entity19 Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['endometriotic lesion vascularization']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecological disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['Endometriosis', 'endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['Endometriosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity46 is a @entity13374 defined by the growth of endometrium outside of the uterus. Although @entity46 contributes to 50% of female @entity249 cases, medical treatments are incompatible with pregnancy. Angiogenesis, the growth of blood vessels from existing vasculature, plays a crucial role in endometriotic lesion growth and survival. Previously, we demonstrated the effectiveness of @entity39244 analog, @entity50530 (Abbott Laboratories) to inhibit @entity455 in @entity19 . We have now evaluated the trans-generational implications of @entity50530 treatment before and during @entity19 pregnancy. We hypothesized that @entity50530 would @entity75 vasculature without affecting pregnancy, offspring development, or ovarian and uterine vascularity in @entity19 . @entity46 was induced using @entity1 endometrium in b-estradiol-primed BALB/c-Rag-2-/-Il2ry-/- @entity19 receiving intraperitoneal injections of @entity50530 (25 mg/kg) or 5% dextrose control for 21 days. Ultrasound assessment of lesion vascularization revealed a reduction in blood flow supplying treated lesions. Excised @entity50530 treated lesions stained for @entity5231 + endothelial cells exhibited a decrease in microvessel density. Following confirmation of estrous cycling, @entity19 were bred and treated with @entity50530 on gestation days 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19. @entity50530 did not affect estrous cycling or pregnancy parameters including litter size across generations and offspring @entity1017 . Quantification of angiogenic cytokine plasma levels revealed no significant differences between treatment groups. @entity3111 staining of the uterus and ovary revealed no observable effects of @entity50530 . Similarly, no obvious histological anomalies were observed in the kidney, liver, ovary, or uterus following @entity50530 treatment. These results suggest that @entity50530 effectively inhibit @entity455 without affecting trans-generational pregnancy outcomes in @entity19 .

title: Compatibility of a Novel XXXX Analog with Fertility and Pregnancy in a Xenograft @entity19 Model of @entity46 .

answer: @entity39244 :: (21825(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Thrombospondin-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity46 is a @entity13374 defined by the growth of endometrium outside of the uterus. Although @entity46 contributes to 50% of female @entity249 cases, medical treatments are incompatible with pregnancy. Angiogenesis, the growth of blood vessels from existing vasculature, plays a crucial role in endometriotic lesion growth and survival. Previously, we demonstrated the effectiveness of @entity39244 analog, @entity50530 (Abbott Laboratories) to inhibit @entity455 in @entity19 . We have now evaluated the trans-generational implications of @entity50530 treatment before and during @entity19 pregnancy. We hypothesized that @entity50530 would @entity75 vasculature without affecting pregnancy, offspring development, or ovarian and uterine vascularity in @entity19 . @entity46 was induced using @entity1 endometrium in b-estradiol-primed BALB/c-Rag-2-/-Il2ry-/- @entity19 receiving intraperitoneal injections of @entity50530 (25 mg/kg) or 5% dextrose control for 21 days. Ultrasound assessment of lesion vascularization revealed a reduction in blood flow supplying treated lesions. Excised @entity50530 treated lesions stained for @entity5231 + endothelial cells exhibited a decrease in microvessel density. Following confirmation of estrous cycling, @entity19 were bred and treated with @entity50530 on gestation days 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19. @entity50530 did not affect estrous cycling or pregnancy parameters including litter size across generations and offspring @entity1017 . Quantification of angiogenic cytokine plasma levels revealed no significant differences between treatment groups. @entity3111 staining of the uterus and ovary revealed no observable effects of @entity50530 . Similarly, no obvious histological anomalies were observed in the kidney, liver, ovary, or uterus following @entity50530 treatment. These results suggest that @entity50530 effectively inhibit @entity455 without affecting trans-generational pregnancy outcomes in @entity19 .

title: Compatibility of a Novel @entity39244 Analog with Fertility and Pregnancy in a Xenograft XXXX Model of @entity46 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Much has been written about injuries sustained by US and coalition soldiers during the Global War on Terrorism campaigns. However, injuries to civilians, including @entity1 , have been less well documented. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiologic features and outcomes associated with isolated severe @entity542 in @entity1 during Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF and @entity23806 ). METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 (<18 years old) in the Joint Theater Trauma Registry with isolated @entity542 (defined as an Abbreviated Injury Score Severity Code >3) and treated at a US combat support hospital in Iraq or Afghanistan (2004-2012). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: We identified 647 @entity1 with severe isolated @entity542 : 337 from OEF, 268 from @entity23806 , and 42 nontheater specific. Most were @entity1 (76%; median age = 8 years). Penetrating injuries were most common (60.6%). Overall, 330 (51%) @entity1 underwent a craniotomy/craniectomy; 156 (24.1%) succumbed to their injuries. Admission Glasgow @entity772 Score was predictive of survival among the entire cohort and each of the individual conflicts. Male sex also significantly increased the odds of survival for the entire group and OEF, but not for @entity23806 . Closed- @entity542 improved the predictive ability of our model but did not reach statistical significance as an independent factor. CONCLUSION: This is the largest study of combat-related isolated @entity542 in @entity1 . Admission Glasgow @entity772 Score and male sex were found to be predictive of survival. Assets to comprehensively care for the pediatric @entity1 should be established early in future conflicts. ABBREVIATIONS: CI, confidence intervalGCS, Glasgow @entity772 ScoreICP, intracranial pressureIED, improvised explosive deviceJTTR, Joint Theater Trauma RegistryLN, local nationalMTF, military treatment facilityOEF, Operation Enduring FreedomOIF, Operation Iraqi Freedom.

title: Severe XXXX During the Iraq and Afghanistan Conflicts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Head Injury']


abstract: On the basis of an own @entity1412 combined with @entity4607 of the corpus callosum problems of the genesis of @entity149 and its coverings are discussed. Colectomy was performed in a 37-year-old @entity1 because of @entity1412 . His sister suffers from the same disease. The @entity1 died 25 d after the operation as a result of @entity298 . As an incidental finding, the autopsy revealed a @entity4607 with a diameter of approximately 1 cm. Histologically the growth showed the typical structure of a @entity362 and contained a remarkably high number of blood vessels with proliferations of the intima and @entity82 of the walls. At the periphery small calcifications were demonstrated. In the adjacent brain tissue angiomatous proliferations of blood vessels were observed. Furthermore, disturbances of the gross structure of the gyri cinguli and other gyri of the median surface of the brain were found. The histological examination discovered marked irregularities of the single layers of the cerebral cortex. It is suggested that developmental and genetic factors might play a significant role in the genesis of @entity5 of the CNS.

title: [ XXXX of the brain. Contribution to the problemacy of @entity362 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lipomatous tumors']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['lipomas of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['observation of polyposis coli', 'polyposis coli']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['lipomatous hamartoma']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['Lipomatous hamartoma']


abstract: On the basis of an own @entity1412 combined with @entity4607 of the corpus callosum problems of the genesis of @entity149 and its coverings are discussed. Colectomy was performed in a 37-year-old @entity1 because of @entity1412 . His sister suffers from the same disease. The @entity1 died 25 d after the operation as a result of @entity298 . As an incidental finding, the autopsy revealed a @entity4607 with a diameter of approximately 1 cm. Histologically the growth showed the typical structure of a @entity362 and contained a remarkably high number of blood vessels with proliferations of the intima and @entity82 of the walls. At the periphery small calcifications were demonstrated. In the adjacent brain tissue angiomatous proliferations of blood vessels were observed. Furthermore, disturbances of the gross structure of the gyri cinguli and other gyri of the median surface of the brain were found. The histological examination discovered marked irregularities of the single layers of the cerebral cortex. It is suggested that developmental and genetic factors might play a significant role in the genesis of @entity5 of the CNS.

title: [ @entity4607 of the brain. Contribution to the problemacy of XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['intracranial lipomas']


abstract: The effects of low concentration @entity4487 in continuous lumbar epidural @entity1337 during labor and delivery, were evaluated in 21 subjects. The final analysis was made on 18 parturientis, 9 receiving 1.5% (group A) and 9 1.33% @entity4487 (group B), in a standard dose of 7-8 ml (first test dose 2-3 ml), and of 12 ml for the second stage of labor. Onset of @entity1337 occurred 7.4 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- S.D.) (group A) and 9.6 +/- 1.8 min. (group B) after injection (difference significant). Mean interval between first and second doses was 50.5 +/- 6.3 (group A) and 47.5 +/- 10.8 (group B) min. (difference N.S.). In group A 6 @entity1 and in group B only 1 @entity1 had a temporarily decrease in bloodpressure below 100 mm Hg. During routine monitoring, pathological F.H.R. patterns were recorded in 2 cases. Apgar scores and acid-base parameters were within normal limits in both groups (difference N.S.).

title: Use of @entity4487 for obstetric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity4487 :: ('MESH:C004616', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroprocaine']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: The effects of low concentration @entity4487 in continuous lumbar epidural @entity1337 during labor and delivery, were evaluated in 21 subjects. The final analysis was made on 18 parturientis, 9 receiving 1.5% (group A) and 9 1.33% @entity4487 (group B), in a standard dose of 7-8 ml (first test dose 2-3 ml), and of 12 ml for the second stage of labor. Onset of @entity1337 occurred 7.4 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- S.D.) (group A) and 9.6 +/- 1.8 min. (group B) after injection (difference significant). Mean interval between first and second doses was 50.5 +/- 6.3 (group A) and 47.5 +/- 10.8 (group B) min. (difference N.S.). In group A 6 @entity1 and in group B only 1 @entity1 had a temporarily decrease in bloodpressure below 100 mm Hg. During routine monitoring, pathological F.H.R. patterns were recorded in 2 cases. Apgar scores and acid-base parameters were within normal limits in both groups (difference N.S.).

title: Use of XXXX for obstetric @entity1337 .

answer: @entity4487 :: (MESH:C004616,Chemical) :: ['chloroprocaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effect of different exercise programs on cervical flexor muscles dimensions in @entity1 with @entity4048 is yet to be demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of two exercise programs; @entity4215 ( @entity4215 ) and @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ), on flexor muscles dimensions in @entity1 with @entity4048 . METHODS: Following ethical approval, 60 @entity1 were randomly assigned into either a @entity4215 group or a @entity3799 group. @entity1 in the @entity4215 group were given @entity4215 exercises and those in the @entity3799 group received @entity3799 exercises. All @entity1 received interventions for a period of ten weeks. @entity158 intensity and functional disability were assessed using numerical @entity158 rate scale and neck disability index, respectively. Dimensions of longus colli (LC) and sternoclidomastoid (SCM) muscles were measured using ultrasonography (US). All measurements were taken before and after interventions. RESULTS: Following intervention, the @entity4215 group demonstrated a significant increase in LC muscle dimensions including cross sectional area, width and thickness compared with the @entity3799 group. A statistically significant increase was found on SCM thickness in the @entity3799 group. Following intervention, SCM thickness measurement in the @entity4215 group showed no significant changes. Statistically significant decrease on @entity158 intensity and disability were also found in both groups. CONCLUSION: Present findings demonstrated that @entity4215 program which specifically recruiting deep cervical flexor muscles increased LC muscle dimension significantly and @entity3799 program as an endurance training program increased SCM thickness.

title: The effect of different exercise programs on cervical flexor muscles dimensions in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4215 :: ('MESH:D020196', 'Disease') :: ['craniocervical flexion', 'CCF']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['chronic neck pain']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical flexion', 'CF']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['chronic neck pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effect of different exercise programs on cervical flexor muscles dimensions in @entity1 with @entity4048 is yet to be demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of two exercise programs; @entity4215 ( @entity4215 ) and @entity3799 ( @entity3799 ), on flexor muscles dimensions in @entity1 with @entity4048 . METHODS: Following ethical approval, 60 @entity1 were randomly assigned into either a @entity4215 group or a @entity3799 group. @entity1 in the @entity4215 group were given @entity4215 exercises and those in the @entity3799 group received @entity3799 exercises. All @entity1 received interventions for a period of ten weeks. @entity158 intensity and functional disability were assessed using numerical @entity158 rate scale and neck disability index, respectively. Dimensions of longus colli (LC) and sternoclidomastoid (SCM) muscles were measured using ultrasonography (US). All measurements were taken before and after interventions. RESULTS: Following intervention, the @entity4215 group demonstrated a significant increase in LC muscle dimensions including cross sectional area, width and thickness compared with the @entity3799 group. A statistically significant increase was found on SCM thickness in the @entity3799 group. Following intervention, SCM thickness measurement in the @entity4215 group showed no significant changes. Statistically significant decrease on @entity158 intensity and disability were also found in both groups. CONCLUSION: Present findings demonstrated that @entity4215 program which specifically recruiting deep cervical flexor muscles increased LC muscle dimension significantly and @entity3799 program as an endurance training program increased SCM thickness.

title: The effect of different exercise programs on cervical flexor muscles dimensions in XXXX with @entity4048 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The frequency of @entity2259 during ERCP with cholangioscopy has not been well studied. There are no formal guidelines regarding antibiotic prophylaxis before ERCP with cholangioscopy. The aim was to estimate the frequency of @entity2259 and subsequent infectious adverse events after ERCP with cholangioscopy. METHODS: This prospective nonrandomized study performed in a single tertiary referral center included adult @entity1 who were undergoing ERCP with cholangioscopic examination of the common bile duct. Blood cultures were drawn from @entity1 before the procedure and 5 and 30 minutes after the procedure. Antibiotics were not given before or after the procedure. @entity1 were followed up after 24 hours and 1 week after the procedure for infectious adverse events. The primary outcome was @entity2259 rate, and secondary outcomes were @entity255 rate and adverse events. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 were enrolled in the study with 60 procedures performed. The first procedure from each @entity1 was considered in the analysis, and thus we included 57 @entity1 with 57 procedures in this study analysis. Postprocedure @entity2259 was seen in 5 of 57 procedures (8.8%; 95% confidence interval, 2.9%-19.3%). Four @entity1 were readmitted with @entity255 (7.0%). @entity2259 was more common in @entity1 who had cholangioscopy with biopsy sampling compared with @entity1 who had cholangioscopy without biopsy sampling (P  =  .011). @entity255 was significantly more common in @entity1 with @entity2259 than in those @entity1 with a negative blood culture (P  = .035). CONCLUSION: ERCP with cholangioscopy is associated with a @entity2259 rate of 8.8% and a @entity255 rate of 7.0%. Preprocedural antibiotics may be considered before cholangioscopy, especially if tissue acquisition with biopsy sampling is expected. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01673269.).

title: A prospective study of the risk of XXXX in directed cholangioscopic examination of the common bile duct.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['Cholangitis', 'cholangitis']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After pulmonary resection, @entity1 with @entity2 who have @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) have been reported to have higher pulmonary morbidity and mortality and poorer outcomes than @entity1 without @entity2416 . However, whether morbidity, mortality, and outcomes differ according to the subtype of @entity16058 ( @entity16058 ) remains unclear. METHODS: The clinical records of 678 @entity1 with @entity1149 who underwent pulmonary resection were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 103 @entity1 had @entity16058 and were classified into an @entity2416 group and a non- @entity2416 group in accordance with the 2011 statement. RESULTS: The @entity2416 group comprised 46 @entity1 , and the non- @entity2416 group comprised 57. The 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in the non- @entity2416 group (53.2%) than in the @entity2416 group (22.1%; p  = 0.0093). Cause of @entity204 was @entity16058 -related @entity1576 in 26.1% (12 of 46) of the @entity1 in the @entity2416 group as compared with 7.0% (4 of 57) of @entity1 in the non- @entity2416 group (p  = 0.008). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that @entity2416 was a significant predictor of long-term survival (hazard ratio 1.910, 95% confidence interval: 1.102 to 3.313; p  = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2416 is independently associated with poorer overall survival in @entity1 with @entity2 who undergo pulmonary resection. The decision whether to perform surgery in @entity1 who have @entity2 with @entity16058 should therefore take into account the subtype of @entity16058 and the poorer outcomes associated with @entity2416 .

title: Pulmonary Resection for XXXX in @entity1 With @entity16058 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['IIP', 'idiopathic interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis', 'IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After pulmonary resection, @entity1 with @entity2 who have @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) have been reported to have higher pulmonary morbidity and mortality and poorer outcomes than @entity1 without @entity2416 . However, whether morbidity, mortality, and outcomes differ according to the subtype of @entity16058 ( @entity16058 ) remains unclear. METHODS: The clinical records of 678 @entity1 with @entity1149 who underwent pulmonary resection were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 103 @entity1 had @entity16058 and were classified into an @entity2416 group and a non- @entity2416 group in accordance with the 2011 statement. RESULTS: The @entity2416 group comprised 46 @entity1 , and the non- @entity2416 group comprised 57. The 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in the non- @entity2416 group (53.2%) than in the @entity2416 group (22.1%; p  = 0.0093). Cause of @entity204 was @entity16058 -related @entity1576 in 26.1% (12 of 46) of the @entity1 in the @entity2416 group as compared with 7.0% (4 of 57) of @entity1 in the non- @entity2416 group (p  = 0.008). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that @entity2416 was a significant predictor of long-term survival (hazard ratio 1.910, 95% confidence interval: 1.102 to 3.313; p  = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2416 is independently associated with poorer overall survival in @entity1 with @entity2 who undergo pulmonary resection. The decision whether to perform surgery in @entity1 who have @entity2 with @entity16058 should therefore take into account the subtype of @entity16058 and the poorer outcomes associated with @entity2416 .

title: Pulmonary Resection for @entity2 in @entity1 With XXXX .

answer: @entity16058 :: (MESH:D054988,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After pulmonary resection, @entity1 with @entity2 who have @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) have been reported to have higher pulmonary morbidity and mortality and poorer outcomes than @entity1 without @entity2416 . However, whether morbidity, mortality, and outcomes differ according to the subtype of @entity16058 ( @entity16058 ) remains unclear. METHODS: The clinical records of 678 @entity1 with @entity1149 who underwent pulmonary resection were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 103 @entity1 had @entity16058 and were classified into an @entity2416 group and a non- @entity2416 group in accordance with the 2011 statement. RESULTS: The @entity2416 group comprised 46 @entity1 , and the non- @entity2416 group comprised 57. The 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in the non- @entity2416 group (53.2%) than in the @entity2416 group (22.1%; p  = 0.0093). Cause of @entity204 was @entity16058 -related @entity1576 in 26.1% (12 of 46) of the @entity1 in the @entity2416 group as compared with 7.0% (4 of 57) of @entity1 in the non- @entity2416 group (p  = 0.008). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that @entity2416 was a significant predictor of long-term survival (hazard ratio 1.910, 95% confidence interval: 1.102 to 3.313; p  = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2416 is independently associated with poorer overall survival in @entity1 with @entity2 who undergo pulmonary resection. The decision whether to perform surgery in @entity1 who have @entity2 with @entity16058 should therefore take into account the subtype of @entity16058 and the poorer outcomes associated with @entity2416 .

title: Pulmonary Resection for @entity2 in XXXX With @entity16058 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improved critical care, pre-operative optimization, and the advent of endovascular surgery (EVAR) have improved 30 day mortality for elective @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair. It remains unknown whether this has translated into improvements in long-term survival, particularly because these factors have also encouraged the treatment of older @entity1 with greater comorbidity. The aim of this study was to quantify how 5 year survival after elective @entity1028 repair has changed over time. METHODS: A systematic review was performed identifying studies reporting 5 year survival after elective infrarenal @entity1028 repair. An electronic search of the Embase and Medline databases was conducted to January 2014. Thirty-six studies, 60 study arms, and 107,814 @entity1 were identified. Meta-analyses were conducted to determine 5 year survival and to report whether 5 year survival changed over time. RESULTS: Five-year survival was 69% (95% CI 67 to 71%, I(2) = 87%). Meta-regression on study midpoint showed no improvement in 5 year survival over the period 1969-2011 (log OR -0.001, 95% CI -0.014-0.012). Larger average @entity439 diameter was associated with poorer 5 year survival (adjusted log OR -0.058, 95% CI -0.095 to -0.021, I(2) = 85%). Older average @entity1 age at surgery was associated with poorer 5 year survival (adjusted log OR -0.118, 95% CI -0.142 to -0.094, I(2) = 70%). After adjusting for average @entity1 age, an improvement in 5 year survival over the period that these data spanned was obtained (adjusted log OR 0.027, 95% CI 0.012 to 0.042). CONCLUSION: Five-year survival remains poor after elective @entity1028 repair despite advances in short-term outcomes and is associated with @entity1028 diameter and @entity1 age at the time of surgery. Age-adjusted survival appears to have improved; however, this cohort as a whole continues to have poor long-term survival. Research in this field should attempt to improve the life expectancy of @entity1 with repaired @entity1028 and to optimise @entity1 selection.

title: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Long-term survival After Elective Infrarenal XXXX Repair 1969-2011: 5 Year Survival Remains Poor Despite Advances in Medical Care and Treatment Strategies.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A total of 72 laying hens were used to investigate the effect of probiotic and @entity1132 on body @entity353 , tibia ash, antibody production against @entity742 red blood cell (SRBC), heterophile-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and gut microbiota in a common moulting method for 14 d. Hens were randomly allocated to 6 experimental groups consisting of (i) full feed (FF), (ii) feed withdrawal (FW), (iii) FW with @entity460 ( @entity9495 ), (iv) FW with @entity9495 and offering 7  g/lit @entity1132 in drinking water (CaL), (v) FW with @entity9495 and offering 1  g/lit probiotic in drinking water (CaP), and (vi) FW with @entity9495 and offering a mixture of @entity1132 and probiotic in drinking water (CaLP). The results showed body @entity353 in all FW groups were more than 25% that was significantly higher than FF group (p  <  0.05). The relative organ weights of hens in FW groups were lower than FF group; especially, it was significant for liver and ovary (p  <  0.05). No significant difference was observed between all groups for tibia ash. The highest H/L ratio was related to FW group and offering @entity9495 and @entity1132 numerically and probiotic alone significantly resulted in decrease of this ratio (p  <  0.05). The results also showed no significant difference for antibody production against SRBC among experimental groups. The highest coliform bacteria numeration observed in FW group and @entity1132 could significantly reduce this population (p  <  0.05). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) numeration demonstrated a significant difference among treatments, so that FF hens had higher LAB than others (p  <  0.05). In addition, FW moulted hens had significantly lower LAB compared to other moulted hens (p  <  0.05), except for @entity9495 group. In conclusion, probiotic and @entity1132 was effective in maintaining caecal microbiota balance and improving immunity in hens exposed to moulting.

title: Effect of XXXX with and without probiotic, @entity1132 , or both on organ and body weights, immune response and caecal microbiota in moulted laying hens.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A total of 72 laying hens were used to investigate the effect of probiotic and @entity1132 on body @entity353 , tibia ash, antibody production against @entity742 red blood cell (SRBC), heterophile-to-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and gut microbiota in a common moulting method for 14 d. Hens were randomly allocated to 6 experimental groups consisting of (i) full feed (FF), (ii) feed withdrawal (FW), (iii) FW with @entity460 ( @entity9495 ), (iv) FW with @entity9495 and offering 7  g/lit @entity1132 in drinking water (CaL), (v) FW with @entity9495 and offering 1  g/lit probiotic in drinking water (CaP), and (vi) FW with @entity9495 and offering a mixture of @entity1132 and probiotic in drinking water (CaLP). The results showed body @entity353 in all FW groups were more than 25% that was significantly higher than FF group (p  <  0.05). The relative organ weights of hens in FW groups were lower than FF group; especially, it was significant for liver and ovary (p  <  0.05). No significant difference was observed between all groups for tibia ash. The highest H/L ratio was related to FW group and offering @entity9495 and @entity1132 numerically and probiotic alone significantly resulted in decrease of this ratio (p  <  0.05). The results also showed no significant difference for antibody production against SRBC among experimental groups. The highest coliform bacteria numeration observed in FW group and @entity1132 could significantly reduce this population (p  <  0.05). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) numeration demonstrated a significant difference among treatments, so that FF hens had higher LAB than others (p  <  0.05). In addition, FW moulted hens had significantly lower LAB compared to other moulted hens (p  <  0.05), except for @entity9495 group. In conclusion, probiotic and @entity1132 was effective in maintaining caecal microbiota balance and improving immunity in hens exposed to moulting.

title: Effect of @entity460 with and without probiotic, XXXX , or both on organ and body weights, immune response and caecal microbiota in moulted laying hens.

answer: @entity1132 :: (MESH:D007785,Chemical) :: ['lactose']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2718 associated @entity294 (CDAD) is the most common cause of health-care-associated infectious @entity294 . In the context of the German health-care system, direct and indirect costs of an initial episode of CDAD and of CDAD recurrence are currently unknown. METHODS: We defined CDAD as presence of @entity294 (>= 3 unformed stools/day) in association with detection of @entity2718 toxin in an unformed faecal sample. @entity1 treated with @entity868 (PO or IV) and/or @entity2176 (PO) were included. Comprehensive data of @entity1 were retrospectively documented into a database using the technology of the Cologne Cohort of Neutropenic @entity1 (CoCoNut). @entity1 with CDAD were matched to control @entity1 in a 1:1 ratio. Analysis was split in three groups: incidence group (CDAD @entity1 without recurrence), recurrence group (CDAD @entity1 with >= 1 recurrence) and control group (matched non-CDAD @entity1 ). RESULTS: Between 02/2010 and 12/2011, 150 @entity1 with CDAD (114 @entity1 in the incidence and 36 (24  %) in the recurrence group) and 150 controls were analysed. Mean length of stay was: 32 (95  %CI: 30-37), 94 (95  %CI: 76-112) and 24  days (95  %CI: 22-27; P  =  <0.001), resulting in mean overall direct treatment costs per @entity1 of    18,460 (95  %CI:    14,660-   22,270),    73,900 (95  %CI:    50,340-   97,460) and    14,530 (95  %CI:    11,730-   17,330; P  =  <0.001). In the incidence and recurrence group, the mean cumulative number of antibiotic CDAD treatment days was 11 (95  %CI: 10-12) and 36 (95  %CI: 27-45; P  =  <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Especially CDAD recurrence was associated with excessive costs, which were mostly attributable to a significantly longer overall length of stay. Innovative treatment strategies are warranted to reduce treatment costs and prevent recurrence of CDAD.

title: Economic burden of @entity2718 associated XXXX : a cost-of-illness study from a German tertiary care hospital.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2718 associated @entity294 (CDAD) is the most common cause of health-care-associated infectious @entity294 . In the context of the German health-care system, direct and indirect costs of an initial episode of CDAD and of CDAD recurrence are currently unknown. METHODS: We defined CDAD as presence of @entity294 (>= 3 unformed stools/day) in association with detection of @entity2718 toxin in an unformed faecal sample. @entity1 treated with @entity868 (PO or IV) and/or @entity2176 (PO) were included. Comprehensive data of @entity1 were retrospectively documented into a database using the technology of the Cologne Cohort of Neutropenic @entity1 (CoCoNut). @entity1 with CDAD were matched to control @entity1 in a 1:1 ratio. Analysis was split in three groups: incidence group (CDAD @entity1 without recurrence), recurrence group (CDAD @entity1 with >= 1 recurrence) and control group (matched non-CDAD @entity1 ). RESULTS: Between 02/2010 and 12/2011, 150 @entity1 with CDAD (114 @entity1 in the incidence and 36 (24  %) in the recurrence group) and 150 controls were analysed. Mean length of stay was: 32 (95  %CI: 30-37), 94 (95  %CI: 76-112) and 24  days (95  %CI: 22-27; P  =  <0.001), resulting in mean overall direct treatment costs per @entity1 of    18,460 (95  %CI:    14,660-   22,270),    73,900 (95  %CI:    50,340-   97,460) and    14,530 (95  %CI:    11,730-   17,330; P  =  <0.001). In the incidence and recurrence group, the mean cumulative number of antibiotic CDAD treatment days was 11 (95  %CI: 10-12) and 36 (95  %CI: 27-45; P  =  <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Especially CDAD recurrence was associated with excessive costs, which were mostly attributable to a significantly longer overall length of stay. Innovative treatment strategies are warranted to reduce treatment costs and prevent recurrence of CDAD.

title: Economic burden of XXXX associated @entity294 : a cost-of-illness study from a German tertiary care hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: With a focus on raising the quality of @entity547 care through creation of educational programs, SAGES formed the Hernia Task Force (HTF). This study used needs assessment survey to target opportunities for improving surgical training and thus @entity1 outcomes and experience. METHODS: This qualitative study included structured interviews and online surveys of key stakeholders: HTF members, surgeons, nurses, @entity1 , hospital administrators, healthcare payers and medical suppliers. Questions included perceptions of recurrence and complication rates, their etiologies, perceived @entity51 care and the most effective and training modalities. RESULTS: A total of 841 @entity1 included 665 surgeons, 66 @entity1 care team members, 12 hospital administrators and 14 medical supply providers. Assessment of technical approach revealed that nearly 26  % of surgeons apply the same, limited range of techniques to all @entity1 without evaluation of @entity1 -specific factors. The majority (71  %) of surgeon respondents related @entity547 recurrence rates nearing 25  % or more. HTF members implicated surgeon factors (deficits in knowledge/technique, etc.) as primary determinants of recurrences, whereas nurses, medical supply providers and hospital administrators implicated @entity1 health factors. Surgeons preferred attending conferences (82  %), reading periodicals/publications (71  %), watching videos (59  %) and communicating with peers (57  %) for learning and skill improvement. Topics of the greatest interest were advanced techniques for @entity547 repairs (71  %), preoperative and intraoperative decision making (56  %) and @entity1 outcomes (64  %). Eighty-six percent of nurses felt that there was room for improvement in @entity547 @entity1 safety and teamwork in the OR. Only 24  % believed that the @entity1 had adequate preoperative education. CONCLUSIONS: Major reported deficits in @entity547 care include: lack of standardization in training and care, "one size fits all" technical approach and inadequate @entity1 follow-up/outcome measures. There is a need for a comprehensive, flexible and tailored educational program to equip surgeons and their teams to raise the quality of @entity547 care and bring greater value to their @entity1 .

title: Raising the quality of XXXX care: Is there a need?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in current hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic resection has been considered a relative contraindication for T4 @entity1049 due to concern over inadequate margins. The objective of this study was to compare planned laparoscopic and open resections of @entity75 with respect to the positive margin rate. METHODS: Data were obtained from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program @entity1 use file to perform a retrospective cohort analysis. The study population consisted of @entity1 that underwent a colorectal resection for a primary T4 lesion during 2011 and 2012. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of positive margins based on surgical approach. An inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was used to account for confounding by indication. A sensitivity analysis including only "as-treated" cases was also performed. RESULTS: The sub-selected population consisted of 455 and 406 @entity1 in the laparoscopic and open group, respectively. In the original cohort, demographic variables were similar. The open group had a higher incidence of comorbidities, @entity3 , and emergency cases. Laparoscopic surgery was found to be no different than open surgery with respect to positive margin status (OR 1.10, p  =  0.54). After IPTW adjustment, surgical approach remained a nonsignificant predictor of positive margins (OR 1.18, p  =  0.31). The "as-treated" analysis also showed that surgical approach had no significant effect on the positive margin rate (OR 1.24, p  =  0.24). CONCLUSIONS: Using this large national surgical database, select @entity1 with @entity75 who underwent planned laparoscopic colorectal resections did not have a significantly higher positive margin rate compared with @entity1 with open operations. Further research is needed to identify the role of laparoscopy in managing T4b lesions before any consensus can be reached regarding its application in locally advanced @entity694 .

title: Laparoscopic versus open surgery for T4 XXXX : evaluation of margin status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['T4 lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic and rectal lesions']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Brivaracetam (BRV) is a new antiepileptic drug candidate rationally designed for high affinity and selectivity for the @entity30395 . This study explored anti-ictogenic and antiepileptogenic effects of BRV in @entity35 at different stages of development. METHODS: Using a rapid kindling model in @entity10495 , @entity7504 , @entity12994 , and P60 @entity35 , we studied two doses of BRV: 10 and 100  mg/kg injected intraperitoneally 30  min before afterdischarge assessment. We also assessed blood and brain concentrations of BRV 30  min after the injection. RESULTS: BRV 100  mg/kg significantly increased the afterdischarge threshold (ADT) at all ages, whereas BRV at 10  mg/kg increased ADT in P60, @entity12994 , and @entity7504 @entity35 . BRV also shortens the afterdischarge duration (ADD), achieving statistical significance with 10 and 100  mg/kg at P60 and with 100  mg/kg at @entity7504 . At P60, BRV increases the number of stimulations required to achieve a stage 4-5 @entity410 in a dose-dependent manner. At @entity12994 and @entity7504 , BRV increased the number of stimulations required to develop a stage 4-5 @entity410 in a dose-dependent manner with almost complete elimination of stage 4-5 @entity410 . In contrast, at @entity10495 , BRV had no effect on the number of stage 4-5 @entity410 . An age-related decrease in blood and brain concentrations of BRV was observed 30  min after injection of BRV 10  mg/kg, whereas with 100  mg/kg there were no significant age-correlated differences in brain and serum BRV concentrations. SIGNIFICANCE: BRV exerted dose-dependent anti-ictogenic effects from P60 to @entity10495 independent of brain maturation. BRV also exhibited antiepileptogenic effects at P60, whereas this effect need to be further evaluated at @entity12994 and @entity7504 . We did not observe any effect on epileptogenesis at @entity10495 at either dose.

title: Anti-ictogenic and antiepileptogenic properties of brivaracetam in mature and immature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity30395 :: ('117559(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['synaptic vesicle protein 2A']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 and immune response play a crucial role in @entity5 growth, and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may be a simple way to assess the host inflammatory response. The NLR has been shown to be a prognostic indicator in many @entity1 @entity5 ; in early @entity694 , it has been evaluated only in a few studies and its role remains controversial. METHODS: We analyzed data from 503 @entity694 @entity1 . The best cutoff value for NLR was defined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We grouped 276 @entity694 , not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, into low (<2.36) and high (>2.36) NLR and subjected to further analyses related to disease-free survival (DFS). A propensity score-matched analysis and the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were performed to avoid confounding bias. RESULTS: The NLR correlated with @entity5 stage and oncologic outcome. The best NLR cutoff value was identical in the whole cohort and in @entity1129 /B @entity1 . Low NLR @entity1 had a significantly better DFS rate than high NLR @entity1 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.27; P = .0001); along with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels and Dukes B stage, high NLR was an independent prognostic factor of worse prognosis (HR, 2.86; P = .0033). Even in @entity1129 @entity1 , NLR discriminated between relapsing and nonrelapsing @entity1 . Propensity score and IPTW analyses confirmed such results, thus excluding possible misinterpretation. CONCLUSION: Preoperative NLR, an inexpensive and readily available biomarker, can predict @entity5 relapse and should be assessed for implementation of tailored therapy in early stage @entity694 .

title: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a strong predictor of @entity5 recurrence in early XXXX : A propensity score-matched analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Dukes A/B colon cancers', 'colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity32 and immune response play a crucial role in @entity5 growth, and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may be a simple way to assess the host inflammatory response. The NLR has been shown to be a prognostic indicator in many @entity1 @entity5 ; in early @entity694 , it has been evaluated only in a few studies and its role remains controversial. METHODS: We analyzed data from 503 @entity694 @entity1 . The best cutoff value for NLR was defined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We grouped 276 @entity694 , not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy, into low (<2.36) and high (>2.36) NLR and subjected to further analyses related to disease-free survival (DFS). A propensity score-matched analysis and the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were performed to avoid confounding bias. RESULTS: The NLR correlated with @entity5 stage and oncologic outcome. The best NLR cutoff value was identical in the whole cohort and in @entity1129 /B @entity1 . Low NLR @entity1 had a significantly better DFS rate than high NLR @entity1 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.27; P = .0001); along with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels and Dukes B stage, high NLR was an independent prognostic factor of worse prognosis (HR, 2.86; P = .0033). Even in @entity1129 @entity1 , NLR discriminated between relapsing and nonrelapsing @entity1 . Propensity score and IPTW analyses confirmed such results, thus excluding possible misinterpretation. CONCLUSION: Preoperative NLR, an inexpensive and readily available biomarker, can predict @entity5 relapse and should be assessed for implementation of tailored therapy in early stage @entity694 .

title: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a strong predictor of XXXX recurrence in early @entity694 : A propensity score-matched analysis.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity432 ( @entity432 ) produces multiple alterations in the physiological/biochemical environment of lung cells as well as dysfunction of the lung's surfactant system, which is considered to play a significant role in mediating @entity651 . The present studies were performed using 66 excised @entity235 lungs to evaluate the impact of alterations in ventilation, substrate availability, alveolar @entity515 tension, @entity3884 ion and @entity3157 concentrations, and temperature and neural denervation on the lamellar body (LB) volume density of type II pneumocytes. Ventilating excised nonperfused @entity235 lungs with room air (0% @entity515 ) for 4 h at 38 degrees C resulted in severe reductions (68-77%) in LB volume density. Supplementing inspired gas with 5% @entity515 prevented LB depletion, while ventilation with 2.5% @entity515 moderated the severity of depletion to 17-27% of control. Ventilation with 10% @entity515 tended to increase LB volume density by increasing the number of LBs per cell, whereas reductions in LB volume density predominantly resulted from a decrease in LB size. The level of ventilation had no significant effect on LB volume density independent of inspired @entity515 concentration. Reducing temperature to 5 degrees C prevented LB depletion. Lung perfusion with autologous whole blood failed to moderate the severity of LB depletion during room air ventilation despite the increased availability of metabolic substrates for cellular metabolism. Adding @entity5836 to maintain physiologically normal @entity3884 ion concentrations in the perfusing blood had a small effect in ameliorating the severity of LB depletion. These results indicate that alveolar @entity515 tension and @entity3157 concentration are major factors regulating the LB content of type II pneumocytes and suggest an important link between the gas exchange and phospholipid metabolic functions of the lung.

title: Factors regulating lamellar body volume density of type II pneumocytes in excised XXXX lungs.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['PAO', 'Pulmonary arterial occlusion']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of prostate biopsy with @entity73 and to investigate whether @entity9940 treatment given before prostate biopsy could improve @entity409 after the procedure. METHODS: The study included 88 consecutive @entity1 who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy without prior BPH medication and were prospectively randomized. Of these 88 @entity1 , 44 @entity1 underwent prostate biopsy only without @entity9940 treatment and served as the control group. The remaining 44 @entity1 were treated with @entity9940 (0.2  mg daily) beginning the day before the biopsy procedure for 7  days. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was recorded in all @entity1 before the procedure and on postbiopsy day 7. Maximal flow rate (Q max) and postvoid residual urine volume were recorded in all @entity1 before the procedure and on postbiopsy days 1 and 7. RESULTS: No difference was found in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The IPSS (total, storage, and voiding symptom) was not significantly changed after biopsy in both groups. In the control group, the postvoid residual urine volume was increased on postbiopsy days 1 (P  <  0.05) and 7, and the Q max was significantly decreased on postbiopsy day 7 compared with the baseline value (P  <  0.05). In the @entity9940 group, Q max was significantly increased on postbiopsy days 1 and 7 (P  <  0.01). The postvoid residual urine volume was not increased on postbiopsy days 1 and 7. Acute urinary retention after the biopsy procedure did not develop in any of the @entity1 (0  %) in the @entity9940 group, but it developed in two @entity1 (4.5  %) of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that prostate biopsy leads to objective @entity73 . Therefore, the use of alpha-1 blocker @entity9940 before biopsy in @entity1 without prior BPH medication may decrease this morbidity.

title: The preventive effect of @entity9940 on XXXX after prostate biopsy: a prospective, open-label, observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['voiding impairment']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['voiding dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of prostate biopsy with @entity73 and to investigate whether @entity9940 treatment given before prostate biopsy could improve @entity409 after the procedure. METHODS: The study included 88 consecutive @entity1 who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy without prior BPH medication and were prospectively randomized. Of these 88 @entity1 , 44 @entity1 underwent prostate biopsy only without @entity9940 treatment and served as the control group. The remaining 44 @entity1 were treated with @entity9940 (0.2  mg daily) beginning the day before the biopsy procedure for 7  days. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was recorded in all @entity1 before the procedure and on postbiopsy day 7. Maximal flow rate (Q max) and postvoid residual urine volume were recorded in all @entity1 before the procedure and on postbiopsy days 1 and 7. RESULTS: No difference was found in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The IPSS (total, storage, and voiding symptom) was not significantly changed after biopsy in both groups. In the control group, the postvoid residual urine volume was increased on postbiopsy days 1 (P  <  0.05) and 7, and the Q max was significantly decreased on postbiopsy day 7 compared with the baseline value (P  <  0.05). In the @entity9940 group, Q max was significantly increased on postbiopsy days 1 and 7 (P  <  0.01). The postvoid residual urine volume was not increased on postbiopsy days 1 and 7. Acute urinary retention after the biopsy procedure did not develop in any of the @entity1 (0  %) in the @entity9940 group, but it developed in two @entity1 (4.5  %) of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that prostate biopsy leads to objective @entity73 . Therefore, the use of alpha-1 blocker @entity9940 before biopsy in @entity1 without prior BPH medication may decrease this morbidity.

title: The preventive effect of XXXX on @entity409 after prostate biopsy: a prospective, open-label, observational study.

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['tamsulosin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 safety is critical for @entity302 monitoring units ( @entity6498 ). Effective training is important for educating all personnel, including residents and nurses who frequently cover these units. We performed a needs assessment and developed a simulation-based team training curriculum employing actual @entity6498 sentinel events to train neurology resident-nurse interprofessional teams to maximize effective responses to high-acuity events. METHODS: A mixed-methods design was used. This included the development of a safe-practice checklist to assess team response to acute events in the @entity6498 using expert review with consensus (a modified Delphi process). All nineteen incoming first-year neurology residents and 2 nurses completed a questionnaire assessing baseline knowledge and attitudes regarding @entity410 management prior to and following a team training program employing simulation and postscenario debriefing. Four resident-nurse teams were recorded while participating in two simulated scenarios. Employing retrospective video review, four trained raters used the newly developed safe-practice checklist to assess team performance. We calculated the interobserver reliability of the checklist for consistency among the raters. We attempted to ascertain whether the training led to improvement in performance in the actual @entity6498 by comparing 10 videos of resident-nurse team responses to @entity410 4-8months into the academic year preceding the curricular training to 10 that included those who received the training within 4-8months of the captured video. RESULTS: Knowledge in @entity410 management was significantly improved following the program, but confidence in @entity410 management was not. Interrater agreement was moderate to high for consistency of raters for the majority of individual checklist items. We were unable to demonstrate that the training led to sustainable improvement in performance in the actual @entity6498 by the method we used. CONCLUSIONS: A simulated team training curriculum using a safe-practice checklist to improve the management of acute events in an @entity6498 may be an effective method of training neurology residents. However, translating the results into sustainable benefits and confidence in management in the @entity6498 requires further study.

title: Interprofessional simulation to improve safety in the XXXX monitoring unit.

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Clinical and preclinical research suggest that activation of the mesolimbic @entity935 (DA) system is involved in mediating the rewarding actions of drugs of abuse, as well as promoting drug-seeking behavior. Inhibition of @entity14616 receptors in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) can reduce @entity1068 ( @entity167 )-seeking behavior of non-selective @entity35 triggered by environmental context. However, to date, there has been no research on the effects of D1 receptor agents on @entity167 - seeking behavior of high @entity285 -preferring ( @entity7956 following prolonged abstinence. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of microinjecting the D1 antagonist @entity10095 or the D1 agonist @entity55908 into the Acb shell or Acb core on spontaneous recovery of @entity167 -seeking behavior. After 10weeks of concurrent access to @entity167 and water, @entity7956 underwent seven extinction sessions ( @entity167 and water withheld), followed by 2weeks in their home cages without access to @entity167 or operant sessions. In the 2nd week of the home cage phase, @entity35 were bilaterally implanted with guide cannula aimed at the Acb shell or Acb core; @entity35 were allowed 7days to recover before @entity167 -seeking was assessed by the Pavlovian Spontaneous Recovery (PSR) model. Administration of @entity10095 (1 g/side) into the Acb shell inhibited responding on the @entity167 lever, whereas administration of @entity55908 (0.125 g/side) increased responding on the @entity167 lever. Microinfusion of D1 receptor agents into the Acb core did not alter responding on the @entity167 lever. Responses on the water lever were not altered by any of the treatments. The results suggest that activation of D1 receptors within the Acb shell, but not Acb core, are involved in mediating PSR of @entity167 -seeking behavior of @entity7956 .

title: D1 receptors in the nucleus accumbens-shell, but not the core, are involved in mediating @entity1068 -seeking behavior of XXXX -preferring ( @entity7956 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']