abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour relapse is recognized to be the prime fatal burden in @entity1 affected by @entity213 ( @entity213 ), but no discrete molecular trait has yet been identified to make reliable early predictions of @entity5 recurrence. Expression of cell surface proteoglycans (PGs) is frequently altered in @entity189 and several of them are gradually emerging as key prognostic factors. METHODS: A PG expression analysis at both mRNA and protein level, was pursued on primary lesions derived from 173 @entity213 @entity1 from whom full clinical history and 2  years post-surgical follow-up was accessible. Gene and protein expression data were correlated with clinical traits and previously proposed @entity5 relapse markers to stratify high-risk @entity1 subgroups. RESULTS: @entity213 were indeed found to exhibit a widely aberrant PG expression pattern characterized by a variable expression of all PGs and a characteristic de novo transcription/translation of @entity72075 , @entity27362 and @entity28557 / @entity28557 respectively in 36%, 72% and 71% on 119 cases. Importantly, expression of @entity28557 / @entity28557 , on neoplastic cells and in the intralesional stroma (Hazard Ratio [HR], 6.76, p   =   0.017) was strongly associated with loco-regional relapse, whereas stromal enrichment of @entity13222 (HR, 7.652, p   =   0.007) was independently tied to lymphnodal infiltration and disease-related @entity204 . Conversely, down-regulated @entity13221 transcript (HR, 0.232, p   =   0.013) uniquely correlated with formation of distant metastases. Altered expression of PGs significantly correlated with the above disease outcomes when either considered alone or in association with well-established predictors of poor prognosis (i.e. T classification, previous occurrence of @entity1613 and lymphnodal @entity3 ). Combined alteration of all three PGs was found to be a reliable predictor of shorter survival. CONCLUSIONS: An unprecedented PG-based prognostic portrait is unveiled that incisively diversifies disease course in @entity213 @entity1 beyond the currently known clinical and molecular biomarkers.

title: Proteoglycan-based diversification of disease outcome in head and neck cancer @entity1 identifies @entity28557 / @entity28557 and XXXX as unique relapse and overall survival predicting factors.

answer: @entity13222 :: (6383,Gene) :: ['syndecan-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour relapse is recognized to be the prime fatal burden in @entity1 affected by @entity213 ( @entity213 ), but no discrete molecular trait has yet been identified to make reliable early predictions of @entity5 recurrence. Expression of cell surface proteoglycans (PGs) is frequently altered in @entity189 and several of them are gradually emerging as key prognostic factors. METHODS: A PG expression analysis at both mRNA and protein level, was pursued on primary lesions derived from 173 @entity213 @entity1 from whom full clinical history and 2  years post-surgical follow-up was accessible. Gene and protein expression data were correlated with clinical traits and previously proposed @entity5 relapse markers to stratify high-risk @entity1 subgroups. RESULTS: @entity213 were indeed found to exhibit a widely aberrant PG expression pattern characterized by a variable expression of all PGs and a characteristic de novo transcription/translation of @entity72075 , @entity27362 and @entity28557 / @entity28557 respectively in 36%, 72% and 71% on 119 cases. Importantly, expression of @entity28557 / @entity28557 , on neoplastic cells and in the intralesional stroma (Hazard Ratio [HR], 6.76, p   =   0.017) was strongly associated with loco-regional relapse, whereas stromal enrichment of @entity13222 (HR, 7.652, p   =   0.007) was independently tied to lymphnodal infiltration and disease-related @entity204 . Conversely, down-regulated @entity13221 transcript (HR, 0.232, p   =   0.013) uniquely correlated with formation of distant metastases. Altered expression of PGs significantly correlated with the above disease outcomes when either considered alone or in association with well-established predictors of poor prognosis (i.e. T classification, previous occurrence of @entity1613 and lymphnodal @entity3 ). Combined alteration of all three PGs was found to be a reliable predictor of shorter survival. CONCLUSIONS: An unprecedented PG-based prognostic portrait is unveiled that incisively diversifies disease course in @entity213 @entity1 beyond the currently known clinical and molecular biomarkers.

title: Proteoglycan-based diversification of disease outcome in head and neck cancer XXXX identifies @entity28557 / @entity28557 and @entity13222 as unique relapse and overall survival predicting factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC lesions', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study evaluated a school-based and a community-based scheme for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of @entity2040 mansoni among school-aged @entity1 in views of resolution CD49.R19 of the Pan American Health Organization toward the elimination of @entity2040 as a public health problem in the Americas and subsequent commitments endorsed by the Brazilian government. The school-aged population from a representative municipality of the endemic area of Northeastern Brazil was randomly allocated to either school-based or community-based scheme. The two schemes were compared with regard to coverage of diagnosis by the Kato-Katz method (KK) at baseline, treatment of the positives for @entity380 with @entity2039 , treatment of the positives for soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) with @entity7400 , as well as follow-up of treatment efficacy and reinfection assessed respectively at four and 12 months after treatment. Nutritional status of the positives for @entity383 was assessed at baseline and re-assessed at 12 months after treatment. Coverage of diagnosis and treatment was satisfactory (>75%) in both schemes. Diagnosis coverage at baseline and at 12 months was significantly higher in the community scheme, whereas treatment coverage did not differ significantly between the two schemes either at baseline or at 12 months. The number of @entity1 covered per day was significantly higher in the schools than in the community at baseline but not at follow-up, when daily coverage was higher in the community. With regard to @entity383 , overall treatment efficacy rate at four months was 90.8%, and reinfection rate at 12 months was 21.6%. For STH, overall treatment efficacy was 45.4% and reinfection, 32.8%. The nutritional status of the positives for @entity383 at baseline did not change significantly at 12 months post-treatment. Actions targeted at this particularly vulnerable high-risk group should combine school-based and community-based interventions as well as preventive measures to reduce transmission.

title: School-based and community-based actions for scaling-up diagnosis and treatment of XXXX toward its elimination in an endemic area of Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['mebendazole']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    The pandemic potential of avian influenza viruses A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) remains an unresolved but critically important question. METHODS:    We compared the characteristics of sporadic and clustered cases of @entity1 H5N1 and @entity281 , estimated the relative risk of @entity281 in blood-related contacts, and the reproduction number (R). RESULTS:    We assembled and analyzed data on 720 H5N1 cases and 460 H7N9 cases up to 2 November 2014. The severity and average age of sporadic/index cases of H7N9 was greater than secondary cases (71% requiring intensive care unit admission vs 33%, P = .007; median age 59 years vs 31, P < .001). We observed no significant differences in the age and severity between sporadic/index and secondary H5N1 cases. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for R was 0.12 for H5N1 and 0.27 for H7N9. A higher proportion of @entity281 occurred in clusters (20%) compared to H7N9 (8%). The relative risk of @entity281 in blood-related contacts of cases compared to unrelated contacts was 8.96 for H5N1 (95% CI, 1.30, 61.86) and 0.80 for H7N9 (95% CI, .32, 1.97). CONCLUSIONS:    The results are consistent with an ascertainment bias towards severe and older cases for sporadic H7N9 but not for H5N1. The lack of evidence for ascertainment bias in sporadic H5N1 cases, the more pronounced clustering of cases, and the higher risk of @entity281 in blood-related contacts, support the hypothesis that susceptibility to H5N1 may be limited and familial. This analysis suggests the potential pandemic risk may be greater for H7N9 than H5N1.

title: Differences in the Epidemiology of XXXX Cases of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) and A(H5N1) Viruses Infection.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['H7N9 infection', 'H5N1 infections', 'infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective, phase II trial was to determine the response of muscle-invasive @entity150 (MIBC) to concurrent chemoradiotherapy of weekly @entity136 with 4 weeks of radiotherapy (RT; GemX). @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with transitional cell @entity189 , stage T2-3, N0, M0 after transurethral resection and magnetic resonance imaging, were recruited. @entity136 was given intravenously at 100 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 28-day RT schedule that delivered 52.5 Gy in 20 fractions. Chemotherapy was stopped for Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grade 3 bladder or bowel @entity137 . The primary end points were @entity5 response, @entity137 , and survival. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed RT; 46 tolerated all four cycles of @entity136 . Two @entity1 stopped after two cycles, and two stopped after three cycles, because of bowel @entity137 . Forty-seven @entity1 had a post-treatment cystoscopy; 44 (88%) achieved a complete endoscopic response. At a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 15 to 62 months), 36 @entity1 were alive, and 32 of these had a functional and intact bladder. Fourteen @entity1 died; seven died as a result of metastatic MIBC, five died as a result of intercurrent disease, and two died as a result of treatment-associated @entity204 . Four @entity1 underwent cystectomy; three because of recurrent disease and one because of @entity137 . One @entity1 required a bowel resection for late @entity137 . By using Kaplan-Meier analyses, 3-year cancer-specific survival was 82%, and overall survival was 75%. CONCLUSION: Concurrent @entity136 -based chemoradiotherapy (ie, GemX) produces a high response rate in MIBC and has durable local control and acceptable @entity137 , which allows @entity1 to preserve their own bladder. This treatment modality warrants additional investigation in a phase III setting.

title: Phase II study of conformal hypofractionated radiotherapy with concurrent @entity136 in muscle-invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective, phase II trial was to determine the response of muscle-invasive @entity150 (MIBC) to concurrent chemoradiotherapy of weekly @entity136 with 4 weeks of radiotherapy (RT; GemX). @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with transitional cell @entity189 , stage T2-3, N0, M0 after transurethral resection and magnetic resonance imaging, were recruited. @entity136 was given intravenously at 100 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 28-day RT schedule that delivered 52.5 Gy in 20 fractions. Chemotherapy was stopped for Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grade 3 bladder or bowel @entity137 . The primary end points were @entity5 response, @entity137 , and survival. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed RT; 46 tolerated all four cycles of @entity136 . Two @entity1 stopped after two cycles, and two stopped after three cycles, because of bowel @entity137 . Forty-seven @entity1 had a post-treatment cystoscopy; 44 (88%) achieved a complete endoscopic response. At a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 15 to 62 months), 36 @entity1 were alive, and 32 of these had a functional and intact bladder. Fourteen @entity1 died; seven died as a result of metastatic MIBC, five died as a result of intercurrent disease, and two died as a result of treatment-associated @entity204 . Four @entity1 underwent cystectomy; three because of recurrent disease and one because of @entity137 . One @entity1 required a bowel resection for late @entity137 . By using Kaplan-Meier analyses, 3-year cancer-specific survival was 82%, and overall survival was 75%. CONCLUSION: Concurrent @entity136 -based chemoradiotherapy (ie, GemX) produces a high response rate in MIBC and has durable local control and acceptable @entity137 , which allows @entity1 to preserve their own bladder. This treatment modality warrants additional investigation in a phase III setting.

title: Phase II study of conformal hypofractionated radiotherapy with concurrent XXXX in muscle-invasive @entity150 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the cost, cost effectiveness, and sex equity of different intervention strategies within the English National Chlamydia Screening Programme. To develop a tool for calculating cost effectiveness of @entity1047 control programmes at a local, national, or international level. DESIGN: An economic and mathematical modelling study with cost effectiveness analysis. Costs were restricted to those of screening and partner notification from the perspective of the @entity9462 and excluded @entity1 costs, the costs of reinfection, and costs of complications arising from @entity281 . SETTING: England. Population Individuals eligible for the National Chlamydia Screening Programme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cost effectiveness of National Chlamydia Screening Programme in 2008-9 (as cost per individual tested, cost per positive diagnosis, total cost of screening, number screened, number infected, sex ratio of those tested and treated). Comparison of baseline programme with two different interventions-(i) increased coverage of primary screening in @entity1 and (ii) increased efficacy of partner notification. RESULTS: In 2008-9 screening was estimated to cost about   46.3m in total and   506 per infection treated. Provision for partner notification within the screening programme cost between   9 and   27 per index case, excluding treatment and testing. The model results suggest that increasing male screening coverage from 8% (baseline value) to 24% (to match female coverage) would cost an extra   22.9m and increase the cost per infection treated to   528. In contrast, increasing partner notification efficacy from 0.4 (baseline value) to 0.8 partners per index case would cost an extra   3.3m and would reduce the cost per infection diagnosed to   449. Increasing screening coverage to 24% in @entity1 would cost over six times as much as increasing partner notification to 0.8 but only treat twice as many additional infections. CONCLUSIONS: In the English National Chlamydia Screening Programme increasing the effectiveness of partner notification is likely to cost less than increasing male coverage but also improve the ratio of @entity1 to @entity1 diagnosed. Further evaluation of the cost effectiveness of partner notification and screening is urgently needed. The spreadsheet tool developed in this study can be easily modified for use in other settings to evaluate @entity1047 control programmes.

title: Costs and cost effectiveness of different strategies for XXXX screening and partner notification: an economic and mathematical modelling study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['initial infection']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['chlamydia']


abstract: @entity692 (HA) is an osteoconductive material used as a bone graft extender and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has been used as a source of osteoinductive factors. A combination of DBM and HA is expected to create a composite with both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. This study examined the effect of a combination of DBM and HA on osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo using an athymic nude @entity35 abdominal muscle pouch model, and evaluated the possibility of HA as a carrier of DBM. @entity623 ( @entity623 ) staining, @entity623 assay and measurements of the mRNA expression of @entity623 and @entity8087 by RT-PCR were performed by transplanting @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells onto a plate. Five athymic nude @entity35 each were assigned to one of two experimental groups (DBM/HA putty and only HA, i.e. 15 pouches per group). The muscle pouches were filled with DBM/HA putty or only HA. Radiographs were obtained at weeks 4 and 8, postoperatively. The animals were sacrificed at week 8 postoperatively and high resolution microCT was used to confirm the newly formed mineralized tissue. Each pouch was fixed, embedded, sectioned and processed for @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining. The @entity623 value of the DBM/HA putty was higher than those of HA and control (p < 0.05, each). The expression of @entity623 mRNA appeared higher on the DBM/HA putty than on HA and control. MicroCT and histology examinations of the DBM/HA putty demonstrated the presence of newly generated mineralized tissues but there was no mineralized tissue in the HA cases. In conclusion, the DBM/HA putty indicated osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and showed ectopic mineralized tissue formation in the @entity35 abdominal pouch model. These findings indicate that the DBM/HA putty can retain its oteoinductivity and HA can be used as a carrier of DBM.

title: Combined effects of porous XXXX and demineralized bone matrix on bone induction: in vitro and in vivo study using a nude @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'Alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: @entity692 (HA) is an osteoconductive material used as a bone graft extender and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has been used as a source of osteoinductive factors. A combination of DBM and HA is expected to create a composite with both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. This study examined the effect of a combination of DBM and HA on osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo using an athymic nude @entity35 abdominal muscle pouch model, and evaluated the possibility of HA as a carrier of DBM. @entity623 ( @entity623 ) staining, @entity623 assay and measurements of the mRNA expression of @entity623 and @entity8087 by RT-PCR were performed by transplanting @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells onto a plate. Five athymic nude @entity35 each were assigned to one of two experimental groups (DBM/HA putty and only HA, i.e. 15 pouches per group). The muscle pouches were filled with DBM/HA putty or only HA. Radiographs were obtained at weeks 4 and 8, postoperatively. The animals were sacrificed at week 8 postoperatively and high resolution microCT was used to confirm the newly formed mineralized tissue. Each pouch was fixed, embedded, sectioned and processed for @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining. The @entity623 value of the DBM/HA putty was higher than those of HA and control (p < 0.05, each). The expression of @entity623 mRNA appeared higher on the DBM/HA putty than on HA and control. MicroCT and histology examinations of the DBM/HA putty demonstrated the presence of newly generated mineralized tissues but there was no mineralized tissue in the HA cases. In conclusion, the DBM/HA putty indicated osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and showed ectopic mineralized tissue formation in the @entity35 abdominal pouch model. These findings indicate that the DBM/HA putty can retain its oteoinductivity and HA can be used as a carrier of DBM.

title: Combined effects of porous @entity692 and demineralized bone matrix on bone induction: in vitro and in vivo study using a nude XXXX model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary perfusion imaging and the cavity of @entity2 . METHODS: Altogether 36 @entity1 with malignant nodules who underwent multi-slice spiral CT perfusion scan were examined.The perfusion parameters were collected and compared with the microvessel density (MVD), the incomplete lumen MVD, and the differentiation of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The @entity1 were divided into a hyper-perfusion group and a hypo-perfusion group by the value of perfusion parameters. The maturity of microvessel and the degree of differentiation in @entity1149 between the 2 groups was analyzed. RESULTS: Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), and peak enhancement image( @entity8681 ) of the malignant nodules were (39.7  11.5) mL/(100 mg.min), (8.6  3.8)mL/100 g, and (20.1  8.6)HU, respectively. There was a positive correlation between @entity8681 and MVD(r=0.645,P<0.01), and a negative correlation between BF and MVD(r=-0.280,P=0.048). There were negative correlations of BF, BV, @entity8681 with the incomplete lumen MVD (P<0.05). BF had the highest correlation coefficient(r=-0.882,P<0.01).The incomplete lumen MVD of the hyper-perfusion group was significantly lower than that of hypo-perfusion group (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in MVD between the 2 groups. There were negative correlations of BF, BV, @entity8681 with the degree of differentiation (P<0.05). BF had the highest correlation coefficient(r=-0.751,P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary perfusion imaging is helpful to evaluate the degree of differentiation and status of angiogenesis in @entity2 , and its basis is the cavity of microvessel.

title: [Correlation between multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary perfusion imaging and cavity of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['microvessel in lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['microvessel in lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics and operative effect of @entity75 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and operative outcome of 44 @entity1 with @entity75 between August 2005 and April 2010. RESULTS: @entity410 attack was the initial symptom among 40 of the 44 @entity1 . Pathological examinations revealed 18 @entity11 , 9 cavernous malformations, 12 @entity1463 , 2 focal @entity6795 , 1 @entity1373 , 1 @entity66 , and 1 @entity9872 . Thirteen @entity1 received anterior medial temporal lobectomy and the other 31 received lesionectomy or selective amygdalohippocampectomy via transsylvian approach. An average of 15.7 month follow-up was accomplished in 37 @entity1 . @entity86 outcomes were evaluated according to Engel classification: Grade I 73.0%(27/37), Grade II 13.5%(5/37), Grade @entity18349 .8%(4/37) and Grade IV 2.7%(1/37). No perioperative @entity204 occurred. One @entity1 experienced @entity1158 but recovered 8 months after the operation. Noticeable postoperative @entity227 was left in 2 @entity1 . Two @entity1 with @entity11 died of remote @entity5 recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity410 attack is a major complaint of @entity75 . Satisfactory @entity410 and @entity5 control may be achieved through anterior medial temporal lobectomy or selective amygdalohippocampectomy with lesionectomy.

title: [Clinical characteristics and operative effect of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field deficit']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury glial scar']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampus lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampus sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative epileptic']

entities_list: @entity9872 :: ('MESH:D004678', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomalacia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['hippocampus lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Taiwan Government issued a policy to restrict antimicrobial usage since 2001. We aimed to assess the changes in the antibiotic consumption and the primary resistance of @entity1534 after this policy and the impact of virulence factors on resistance. METHODS: The @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) of antibiotics was analyzed using the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) research database. @entity1534 strains isolated from treatment na  ve (N=1395) and failure from prior eradication therapies (N=360) from 9 hospitals between 2000 and 2012 were used for analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution test. Genotyping for CagA and VacA was determined by PCR method. RESULTS: The @entity2794 per 1000 @entity1 per day of macrolides reduced from 1.12 in 1997 to 0.19 in 2008, whereas that of @entity2887 increased from 0.12 in 1997 to 0.35 in 2008. The primary resistance of @entity115 , @entity4581 , @entity868 , and @entity803 remained as low as 2.2%, 7.9%, 23.7%, and 1.9% respectively. However, the primary @entity5553 resistance rose from 4.9% in 2000-2007 to 8.3% in 2008-2010 and 13.4% in 2011-2012 (p=0.001). The primary resistance of @entity868 was higher in females than males (33.1% vs. 18.8%, p<0.001), which was probably attributed to the higher consumption of @entity9110 . Neither CagA nor VacA was associated with antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The low primary @entity4581 and @entity868 resistance of @entity1534 in Taiwan might be attributed to the reduced consumption of @entity7187 and @entity9110 after the national policy to restrict antimicrobial usage. Yet, further strategies are needed to restrict the consumption of @entity2887 in the face of rising @entity5553 resistance.

title: The Primary Resistance of XXXX in Taiwan after the National Policy to Restrict Antibiotic Consumption and Its Relation to Virulence Factors-A Nationwide Study.

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity9110 :: ('CHEBI:67135', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroimidazole']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['DDD', 'defined daily dose']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the accuracy of x-ray grating interferometry phase-contrast (PC) imaging for the characterization of @entity1 @entity453 . Materials and Methods PC and conventional absorption computed tomographic (CT) imaging was performed ex vivo in this institutional review board-approved study in 40 @entity1 coronary artery segments by using a synchrotron radiation source. Qualitative analyses and calculations of image quality (McNemar test), plaque components (McNemar test), and plaque classification (Cohen k test) according to the American Heart Association classification were performed in 38 plaques detected at histopathologic examination (reference standard). Quantitative measurements of plaque components (ie, collagen, lipids, smooth muscle, and @entity730 ) were compared among PC and absorption images by using analysis of variance for repeated measures with post hoc Bonferroni correction. Results Image quality was superior in PC (median image score, 1) in all cases (100%) compared with absorption imaging (median image score, 3) (P < .001). Plaque components were detected by means of PC without significant differences (seven of seven @entity730 , 22 of 22 plaques with collagen and smooth muscle cells, P > .99; 29 of 29 plaques with lipids, P = .10) with histopathologic findings, whereas absorption imaging was used to detect @entity730 (seven of seven, P > .99) without statistical differences only (nine of 29 plaques with lipids, 0 of 22 plaques with collagen and smooth muscle cells, P < .001). Accuracy for plaque stage assessment with PC (early vs advanced) was 100%, and characterization was correct in 33 of 38 plaques (87%), while conventional absorption imaging allowed correct characterization of seven plaques only (18%, P < .001). PC CT numbers were significantly different (P < .05) for all plaque components (mean for @entity730 , 1236 HU    69; collagen, 78 HU    24; lipids, -18 HU    23; and smooth muscle cells, 34 HU    12), whereas absorption images showed significant differences (P < .001) between @entity730 (1336 HU    241) and other plaque components, but not for collagen (22 HU    13), lipids (-15 HU    14), and smooth muscle (13 HU    9) (P > .99). Conclusion PC imaging allows accurate characterization of @entity1 coronary artery plaques and quantitative assessment of plaque components, thereby outperforming absorption imaging. (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative and Qualitative Phase-Contrast Imaging for the ex Vivo Characterization of XXXX Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery plaque']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recently a retrospective study has been published describing a significant correlation of immediate @entity86 (IPLC) and a favorable pathological Gleason score (pGS) in @entity1 undergoing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). The aim of the present study was to prospectively validate these results on an external dataset. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 346 @entity1 undergoing RARP as first-line therapy for @entity263 were included. Clinical and histopathological parameters, criteria of IPLC, and pGS were recorded prospectively. Potential association between IPLC and pGS was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: IPLC was found in 77.2% (n   =   267) of all @entity1 with a median leukocyte blood count (LBC) of 12.5   *   10(9)/L (interquartile range, 10.2-15   *   10(9)/L). Of these, in 255 @entity1 IPLC was found within the range of 10-20   *   10(9)/L, whereas an IPLC of >20   *   10(9)/L was found in only 12 @entity1 . Of the @entity1 , 49.1%, 40.5%, and 10.4% presented with a pGS6, pGS7, and pGS8-10 @entity5 , respectively. There was neither a univariate nor a multivariate correlation between IPLC and pGS. Furthermore, no significant correlation could be detected between IPLC and other clinical, intraoperative, or histopathological criteria. In 175 (66%) @entity1 with IPLC normal LBC levels were measured on postoperative Day 4. CONCLUSIONS: IPLC was not associated with more favorable @entity5 biology (lower pGS, better @entity5 stage) and not influenced by @entity1 conditions (age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, smoking) or intraoperative parameters ( @entity190 , operating time, surgeon). In addition, there was no significant correlation with serious complications (Clavien-Dindo Grade 3a/b) within a period of 90 days.

title: XXXX After Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Is Not Associated with Perioperative Outcome and Histopathological Findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative leukocytosis']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Leukocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several methods are recommended equally strongly for @entity14 screening in average-risk @entity1 . Risk stratification would enable tailoring of screening within this group, with less invasive tests (sigmoidoscopy or occult blood tests) for lower-risk @entity1 and colonoscopy for higher-risk @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To create a risk index for advanced @entity5 ( @entity14 and @entity652 or serrated @entity1127 >= 1.0 cm, villous histology, or high-grade @entity1141 ) anywhere in the colorectum, using the most common risk factors for @entity14 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Multiple endoscopy units, primarily in the Midwest. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 50 to 80 years undergoing initial screening colonoscopy (December 2004 to September 2011). MEASUREMENTS: Derivation and validation of a risk index based on points from regression coefficients for age, sex, waist circumference, cigarette smoking, and family history of @entity14 . RESULTS: Among 2993 @entity1 in the derivation set, prevalence of advanced @entity5 was 9.4%. Risks for advanced @entity5 in @entity1 at very low, low, intermediate, and high risk were 1.92% (95% CI, 0.63% to 4.43%), 4.88% (CI, 3.79% to 6.18%), 9.93% (CI, 8.09% to 12.0%), and 24.9% (CI, 21.1% to 29.1%), respectively (P < 0.001). Sigmoidoscopy to the descending colon in the low-risk groups would have detected 51 of 70 (73% [CI, 61% to 83%]) advanced @entity5 . Among 1467 @entity1 in the validation set, corresponding risks for advanced @entity5 were 1.65% (CI, 0.20% to 5.84%), 3.31% (CI, 2.08% to 4.97%), 10.9% (CI, 8.26% to 14.1%), and 22.3% (CI, 16.9% to 28.5%), respectively (P < 0.001). Sigmoidoscopy would have detected 21 of 24 (87.5% [CI, 68% to 97%]) advanced @entity5 . LIMITATIONS: Split-sample validation; results apply to first-time screening. CONCLUSION: This index stratifies risk for advanced @entity5 among average-risk @entity1 by identifying lower-risk groups for which noncolonoscopy strategies may be effective and efficient and a higher-risk group for which colonoscopy may be preferred. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National @entity5 Institute, Walther @entity5 Institute, Indiana University Simon @entity5 Center, and Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute.

title: Derivation and Validation of a Scoring System to Stratify Risk for XXXX in Asymptomatic Adults: A Cross-sectional Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity438 are potentially lethal lesions. We report two illustrative cases and discuss etiology, diagnosis and treatment of these @entity439 . OUTLINE OF CASES: Both @entity1 , age 31 and 80 years, were biparous @entity1 .The younger @entity1 , otherwise healthy, was referred from a local hospital 3 weeks after she underwent a left subcostal laparotomy and exploration for symptomatic abdominal mass diagnosed by CT. Angiography established the diagnosis of a large, non- @entity1756 . Elective aneurysmectomy with splenectomy was performed using the approach through the upper median laparotomy and bursa omentalis. Postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathology demonstrated @entity39 with chronic dissection. The other @entity1 , elderly @entity1 , presented urgently with acute @entity490 and @entity1163 and was diagnosed by computed tomography with a huge, @entity1756 . She underwent immediate aneurysmectomy with splenectomy using the same, above-mentioned approach. @entity3472 and @entity260 , requiring open pseudocyst drainage and cystojejunostomy. After a protracted hospitalization @entity1 eventually recovered. The pathological diagnosis was @entity731 . CONCLUSION: @entity438 are infrequent lesions, with varied etiology and clinical presentation. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment prevent life-threatening @entity397 and lessen the risk of operative morbidity and mortality.

title: XXXX : Two Cases of Varied Etiology, Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['cystic medial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['Splenic artery aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst complicated the postoperative course']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['External pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured splenic artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Splenic Artery Aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) complex functions in endocytic and autophagic pathways in both lower eukaryotes and @entity1 cells through its involvement in fusion events between endosomes and lysosomes or autophagosomes and lysosomes. However, the differential molecular mechanisms underlying these fusion processes are largely unknown. Buff (bf) is a @entity19 mutant that carries an @entity72076 point mutation ( @entity72076 ) in the @entity72077 protein, a tethering protein and a core subunit of the @entity1131 complex. Bf @entity19 showed @entity146 , motor learning, and autophagic activity. Although the gross anatomy of the brain was apparently normal, the number of Purkinje cells was significantly reduced. Furthermore, we found that fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes was defective in bf cells without compromising the endocytic pathway. The direct association of mutant @entity72077 ( @entity72076 ) with the autophagic SNARE complex, @entity72078 ( @entity72078 )- @entity72079 - @entity72080 , was enhanced. In addition, the @entity72077 ( @entity72076 ) mutation enhanced interactions with other @entity1131 subunits, namely @entity55552 , @entity72081 , @entity72082 , and @entity72083 , except for @entity72084 . Reduction of the interactions between @entity72077 ( @entity72085 ) and several other @entity1131 subunits led to decreased association with @entity72078 . These results suggest that the @entity72077 ( @entity72076 ) mutation plays dual roles by increasing the @entity1131 complex assembly and its association with the autophagic SNARE complex, which selectively affects the autophagosome-lysosome fusion that impairs basal autophagic activity and induces Purkinje cell loss.

title: Impairment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in the buff mutant @entity19 with the XXXX ( @entity72076 ) mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['impaired spontaneous locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['homotypic fusion and protein sorting', 'HOPS']

answer: @entity72077 :: (77573(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['VPS33A']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) complex functions in endocytic and autophagic pathways in both lower eukaryotes and @entity1 cells through its involvement in fusion events between endosomes and lysosomes or autophagosomes and lysosomes. However, the differential molecular mechanisms underlying these fusion processes are largely unknown. Buff (bf) is a @entity19 mutant that carries an @entity72076 point mutation ( @entity72076 ) in the @entity72077 protein, a tethering protein and a core subunit of the @entity1131 complex. Bf @entity19 showed @entity146 , motor learning, and autophagic activity. Although the gross anatomy of the brain was apparently normal, the number of Purkinje cells was significantly reduced. Furthermore, we found that fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes was defective in bf cells without compromising the endocytic pathway. The direct association of mutant @entity72077 ( @entity72076 ) with the autophagic SNARE complex, @entity72078 ( @entity72078 )- @entity72079 - @entity72080 , was enhanced. In addition, the @entity72077 ( @entity72076 ) mutation enhanced interactions with other @entity1131 subunits, namely @entity55552 , @entity72081 , @entity72082 , and @entity72083 , except for @entity72084 . Reduction of the interactions between @entity72077 ( @entity72085 ) and several other @entity1131 subunits led to decreased association with @entity72078 . These results suggest that the @entity72077 ( @entity72076 ) mutation plays dual roles by increasing the @entity1131 complex assembly and its association with the autophagic SNARE complex, which selectively affects the autophagosome-lysosome fusion that impairs basal autophagic activity and induces Purkinje cell loss.

title: Impairment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in the buff mutant @entity19 with the @entity72077 ( XXXX ) mutation.

answer: @entity72076 :: (p|SUB|D|251|E,ProteinMutation) :: ['D251E']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1131 ( @entity1131 ) complex functions in endocytic and autophagic pathways in both lower eukaryotes and @entity1 cells through its involvement in fusion events between endosomes and lysosomes or autophagosomes and lysosomes. However, the differential molecular mechanisms underlying these fusion processes are largely unknown. Buff (bf) is a @entity19 mutant that carries an @entity72076 point mutation ( @entity72076 ) in the @entity72077 protein, a tethering protein and a core subunit of the @entity1131 complex. Bf @entity19 showed @entity146 , motor learning, and autophagic activity. Although the gross anatomy of the brain was apparently normal, the number of Purkinje cells was significantly reduced. Furthermore, we found that fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes was defective in bf cells without compromising the endocytic pathway. The direct association of mutant @entity72077 ( @entity72076 ) with the autophagic SNARE complex, @entity72078 ( @entity72078 )- @entity72079 - @entity72080 , was enhanced. In addition, the @entity72077 ( @entity72076 ) mutation enhanced interactions with other @entity1131 subunits, namely @entity55552 , @entity72081 , @entity72082 , and @entity72083 , except for @entity72084 . Reduction of the interactions between @entity72077 ( @entity72085 ) and several other @entity1131 subunits led to decreased association with @entity72078 . These results suggest that the @entity72077 ( @entity72076 ) mutation plays dual roles by increasing the @entity1131 complex assembly and its association with the autophagic SNARE complex, which selectively affects the autophagosome-lysosome fusion that impairs basal autophagic activity and induces Purkinje cell loss.

title: Impairment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in the buff mutant XXXX with the @entity72077 ( @entity72076 ) mutation.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity850 ( @entity850 ) is a recognized @entity137 in @entity1 who receive pelvic @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ), the relationship between @entity1161 dose and the volume and extent of @entity137 has not been analyzed. We modeled this relationship to identify predictors of @entity850 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: We evaluated 54 @entity1 , aged 29 to 78 years, who underwent pelvic @entity1161 for @entity5 during 2008 to 2011 and were enrolled in a prospective study evaluating vaginal dilator use. Maximum dilator size was measured before @entity1161 (baseline) and 1 month and 12 months after @entity1161 . Dilator use was initiated at 1 month. The difference (D) in dilator size before and after @entity1161 was recorded. Those with D  <=-1 were classified as having @entity850 (n=35); those with D >= 0 were classified as having no @entity850 (n=19 at 1 month). Dose-volume parameters were extracted, and the generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) was used to build a predictive model. RESULTS: The mean vaginal doses were 50.0 Gy and 36.8 Gy for anal and @entity5 @entity1 , respectively. One month after @entity1161 , a gEUD model using a wide range of a values suggests that sparing of vaginal volume to a low dose may be important. When gEUD (a = -1) was <35 Gy and the mean vaginal dose was <43 Gy, severe @entity850 was reduced (P=.02). A 1-year analysis suggests increasingly negative D values with increasing mean dose. However, @entity1 with compliance <40% were more likely to have @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal @entity850 is influenced by multiple @entity1161 dose-volume characteristics. Mean dose and gEUD constraints together may reduce the risk of severe @entity850 . @entity1 receiving higher mean vaginal doses should have greater compliance with dilator therapy to minimize risk of @entity137 . Further validation with independent datasets is needed.

title: Dosimetric Predictors of Radiation-Induced Vaginal Stenosis After Pelvic Radiation Therapy for Rectal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal or anal cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'stenosis', 'vaginal stenosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Anal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The emerging resistance to the extended-spectrum @entity2886 (ESCs) in @entity6368 together with increasing incidence of gonorrhoea cases in many countries have been global public health concerns. However, in recent years the levels of ESC resistance have decreased in several regions worldwide. We describe the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme ( @entity7634 -GASP) data from 2013, and compare them to corresponding data from 2009-2012. METHODS: During 2013, @entity6368 isolates from 21 participating countries were examined. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (Etest or agar dilution) was performed for @entity6727 , @entity2756 , @entity2177 , @entity4580 , @entity6760 and @entity801 . Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant changes in resistance between years and to investigate associations between @entity1 with resistant gonococcal isolates and collected epidemiological variables. RESULTS: In total, 93 (4.7  %) of 1994 isolates displayed resistance to @entity6727 , representing an increase compared to the 3.9  % detected in 2012 (p   =   0.23). @entity6727 resistance was detected in 13 (61.9  %) of the 21 countries. @entity6727 resistance among @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 was only 1.2  %, compared to 5.6  % and 6.1  % in females and male heterosexuals, respectively. The univariate analysis confirmed that isolates resistant to @entity6727 were more likely to be from females (OR 4.87, p   <   0.01) or male heterosexuals (OR 5.32, p   <   0.01). Seven (0.4  %) isolates displayed @entity2756 resistance (in addition to @entity6727 resistance) compared to three and 10 isolates in 2012 and 2011, respectively. All 93 isolates with @entity6727 resistance were additionally resistant to @entity2177 and 16 (17.2  %) were also resistant to @entity4580 . Among all tested isolates (n   =   1994), the @entity2177 resistance level (52.9  %) was higher than in 2012 (50.1  %; p   =   0.08), and @entity4580 resistance (5.4  %) increased since 2012 (4.5  %; p   =   0.16). CONCLUSIONS: In 2013, the ESC resistance was again slightly increasing in Europe. This emphasises the importance of implementing the actions outlined in the European and additional response plans, particularly activities strengthening the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. @entity2756 combined with @entity4580 remains a satisfactory option for the first-line treatment of gonorrhoea. However novel antimicrobials (new derivatives of previously developed antimicrobials or newly developed antimicrobials) for effective monotherapy or at least inclusion in new dual antimicrobial therapy regimens (combined with previously developed antimicrobials or novel antimicrobials) will likely be required.

title: Is the tide turning again for cephalosporin resistance in XXXX in Europe? Results from the 2013 European surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftriaxone', 'ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity6727 :: ('MESH:D020682', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefixime', 'cefixime']

entities_list: @entity6760 :: ('MESH:D000198', 'Chemical') :: ['spectinomycin']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 and @entity6 , key risk factors for @entity65 , are significant health problems globally. As @entity65 is one of the leading causes of mortality in Mongolia since 2000, clinical guidelines on arterial @entity101 and @entity6 were developed and implemented in 2011. This paper explores the barriers and enablers influencing the implementation of these guidelines in the primary care setting. METHODS: A phenomenological qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted to explore the implementation of the @entity6 and @entity101 guidelines at the primary care level, as well as to gain insight into how practitioners view the usability and practicality of the guidelines. Ten family health centres were randomly chosen from a list of all the family health centres (n   =   136) located in Ulaanbaatar City. In each centre, a focus group discussion with nurses (n   =   20) and individual interviews with practice doctors (n   =   10) and practice managers (n   =   10) were conducted. Data was analysed using a thematic approach utilising the Theoretical Domains Framework. RESULTS: The majority of the study @entity1 reported being aware of the guidelines and that they had incorporated them into their daily practice. They also reported having attended guideline training sessions which were focused on practice skill development. The majority of @entity1 expressed satisfaction with the wide range of resources that had been supplied to them by the Mongolian Government to assist with the implementation of the guidelines. The resources, supplied from 2011 onwards, included screening devices, equipment for blood tests, medications and educational materials. Other enablers were the @entity1 ' commitment and passion for guideline implementation and their belief in the simplicity and practicality of the guidelines. Primary care providers reported a number of challenges in implementing the guidelines, including frustration caused by increased workload and long waiting times, time constraints, difficulties with conflicting tasks and low @entity1 health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that @entity6831 and implementation strategies increase the likelihood of successful implementation of new guidelines in low resource primary care settings. It also offers some key lessons that might be carefully considered when other evidence-based clinical guidelines are to be put into effect in low resource settings and elsewhere.

title: Implementation of clinical guidelines on @entity6 and XXXX in urban Mongolia: a qualitative study of primary care providers' perspectives and experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive and rigorous dissemination']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 and @entity6 , key risk factors for @entity65 , are significant health problems globally. As @entity65 is one of the leading causes of mortality in Mongolia since 2000, clinical guidelines on arterial @entity101 and @entity6 were developed and implemented in 2011. This paper explores the barriers and enablers influencing the implementation of these guidelines in the primary care setting. METHODS: A phenomenological qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted to explore the implementation of the @entity6 and @entity101 guidelines at the primary care level, as well as to gain insight into how practitioners view the usability and practicality of the guidelines. Ten family health centres were randomly chosen from a list of all the family health centres (n   =   136) located in Ulaanbaatar City. In each centre, a focus group discussion with nurses (n   =   20) and individual interviews with practice doctors (n   =   10) and practice managers (n   =   10) were conducted. Data was analysed using a thematic approach utilising the Theoretical Domains Framework. RESULTS: The majority of the study @entity1 reported being aware of the guidelines and that they had incorporated them into their daily practice. They also reported having attended guideline training sessions which were focused on practice skill development. The majority of @entity1 expressed satisfaction with the wide range of resources that had been supplied to them by the Mongolian Government to assist with the implementation of the guidelines. The resources, supplied from 2011 onwards, included screening devices, equipment for blood tests, medications and educational materials. Other enablers were the @entity1 ' commitment and passion for guideline implementation and their belief in the simplicity and practicality of the guidelines. Primary care providers reported a number of challenges in implementing the guidelines, including frustration caused by increased workload and long waiting times, time constraints, difficulties with conflicting tasks and low @entity1 health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that @entity6831 and implementation strategies increase the likelihood of successful implementation of new guidelines in low resource primary care settings. It also offers some key lessons that might be carefully considered when other evidence-based clinical guidelines are to be put into effect in low resource settings and elsewhere.

title: Implementation of clinical guidelines on XXXX and @entity101 in urban Mongolia: a qualitative study of primary care providers' perspectives and experiences.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity349 ( @entity5332 ) contamination is a global issue due to its anthropogenic release, long-range transport, and deposition in remote areas. In Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site, Nova Scotia, Canada, high concentrations of total @entity349 (THg) were found in tissues of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible relationship between THg concentrations and the morphology of perch liver as a main site of metal storage and @entity137 . Yellow perch were sampled from five lakes known to contain fish representing a wide range in @entity5332 concentrations in fall 2013. The ultrastructure of hepatocytes and the distribution of @entity5332 within the liver parenchyma were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)  and electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS). The relative area of macrophage aggregates (MAs) in the liver was determined using image analysis software and fluorescence microscopy. No relation between general health indicators (Fulton's condition index) and THg was observed. In line with this, TEM examination of the liver ultrastructure revealed no prominent pathologies related to THg accumulation. However, a morphological parameter that appeared to increase with muscle THg was the relative area of MAs in the liver. The hepatic lysosomes appeared to be enlarged in samples with the highest THg concentrations. Interestingly, EELS analysis revealed that the MAs and hepatic lysosomes  contained @entity5332 .

title: Morphological alterations in the liver of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from a biological XXXX hotspot.

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['Mercury', 'mercury']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity232 , a chronic self-limited disease of the skin, is usually caused by Leishmania Tropica. It is endemic in Southeastern Anatolia. The definitive diagnosis depends on demonstration of the parasites by smear and culture or its identification in tissue section. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and histopathological @entity272 in @entity4536 cases in Antalya, @entity233 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Our study included 28 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4536 at the Pathology Department of Akdeniz University Medical Faculty. Histopathological sections were stained with @entity6175 - @entity1711 , Giemsa or Leishman for visual examination of cellular components by two dermatopathologists. The epidermal ( @entity3594 , @entity8286 , @entity194 , lymphocytic exocytosis) and dermal changes that may indicate lymphohistiocytic infiltration and @entity738 formation were investigated. The parasitic load was classified according to the modified Ridley's parasitic index. RESULTS: Out of 28 cases, 11 had hyperparakeratosis, 17 had orthokeratosis, 20 had @entity3594 , 4 had epidermal @entity194 , and 7 had exocytosis. Typical epithelioid cell @entity738 with giant cells and a rim of lymphocytes were present in 16 cases. Leishman-Donovan bodies were extremely rare in typical @entity75 . The other 12 cases showed lymphohistiositic infiltration, giant cells and prominent plasma cells. There were numerous Leishman-Donovan bodies in these lesions. CONCLUSION: We investigated the epidermal and dermal changes that would facilitate the histopathological diagnosis of @entity4536 in this study. We found that @entity194 , @entity3594 , and orthokeratosis were early stage indicators, while exocytosis, hyperparakeratosis, and @entity194 were indicative of late stage disease.

title: Clinicopathological evaluation of XXXX in the mediterranean region of @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneus leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3594 :: ('MESH:D000052', 'Disease') :: ['acanthosis']

entities_list: @entity8286 :: ('MESH:D010241', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-parakeratosis']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['Haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity232 , a chronic self-limited disease of the skin, is usually caused by Leishmania Tropica. It is endemic in Southeastern Anatolia. The definitive diagnosis depends on demonstration of the parasites by smear and culture or its identification in tissue section. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and histopathological @entity272 in @entity4536 cases in Antalya, @entity233 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Our study included 28 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4536 at the Pathology Department of Akdeniz University Medical Faculty. Histopathological sections were stained with @entity6175 - @entity1711 , Giemsa or Leishman for visual examination of cellular components by two dermatopathologists. The epidermal ( @entity3594 , @entity8286 , @entity194 , lymphocytic exocytosis) and dermal changes that may indicate lymphohistiocytic infiltration and @entity738 formation were investigated. The parasitic load was classified according to the modified Ridley's parasitic index. RESULTS: Out of 28 cases, 11 had hyperparakeratosis, 17 had orthokeratosis, 20 had @entity3594 , 4 had epidermal @entity194 , and 7 had exocytosis. Typical epithelioid cell @entity738 with giant cells and a rim of lymphocytes were present in 16 cases. Leishman-Donovan bodies were extremely rare in typical @entity75 . The other 12 cases showed lymphohistiositic infiltration, giant cells and prominent plasma cells. There were numerous Leishman-Donovan bodies in these lesions. CONCLUSION: We investigated the epidermal and dermal changes that would facilitate the histopathological diagnosis of @entity4536 in this study. We found that @entity194 , @entity3594 , and orthokeratosis were early stage indicators, while exocytosis, hyperparakeratosis, and @entity194 were indicative of late stage disease.

title: Clinicopathological evaluation of @entity4536 in the mediterranean region of XXXX .

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity32 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) as a result of @entity1355 exposure. Several inflammation-based prognostic scores including the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) reportedly predict survival in many @entity5 , while the role of LMR in @entity3620 remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of LMR and to compare the prognostic value of these inflammation-based scores in predicting @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity3620 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty @entity1 with histologically proven @entity3620 were included in this retrospective study. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox-regression analyses were calculated for @entity1349 . The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was calculated to compare the discriminatory ability of each scoring system. RESULTS: An elevated LMR was significantly associated with prolonged @entity1349 . @entity1 with @entity55833 .74 had significantly poor survival compared with LMR >= 2.74 (median, 5.0 versus 14.0 months; p=0.000). The LMR consistently had a higher AUC value at 6 months (0.722), 12 months (0.712), and 24 months (0.670), compared with other scores. Multivariate analysis showed that the LMR was independently associated with @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: The LMR is an independent prognostic marker for @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity3620 and is superior to other inflammation-based prognostic scores with respect to prognostic ability.

title: Prognostic significance of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity32 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) as a result of @entity1355 exposure. Several inflammation-based prognostic scores including the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) reportedly predict survival in many @entity5 , while the role of LMR in @entity3620 remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of LMR and to compare the prognostic value of these inflammation-based scores in predicting @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity3620 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty @entity1 with histologically proven @entity3620 were included in this retrospective study. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox-regression analyses were calculated for @entity1349 . The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was calculated to compare the discriminatory ability of each scoring system. RESULTS: An elevated LMR was significantly associated with prolonged @entity1349 . @entity1 with @entity55833 .74 had significantly poor survival compared with LMR >= 2.74 (median, 5.0 versus 14.0 months; p=0.000). The LMR consistently had a higher AUC value at 6 months (0.722), 12 months (0.712), and 24 months (0.670), compared with other scores. Multivariate analysis showed that the LMR was independently associated with @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: The LMR is an independent prognostic marker for @entity1349 in @entity1 with @entity3620 and is superior to other inflammation-based prognostic scores with respect to prognostic ability.

title: Prognostic significance of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in XXXX with @entity3620 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3064 is a bacterium responsible for health care-associated infections, and it frequently develops multiple drug resistance (MDR). The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii in Iran has increased, and this may cause significant clinical problems. Therefore, in order to elucidate the development of antibiotic resistance, we performed a systematic review of the literature published on antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii reported in Iran. METHODS: Thirty-six publications that met the criteria for inclusion were reviewed from an initial 87 papers. Selected papers published between 2008 and September 2014, were categorized on the basis of the sample collecting year been between 2001 and 2013. RESULTS: Analysis of data revealed that, in general, there was an increase in antimicrobial resistance. During the initial time point of these studies (2001-2007) there was a high rate of resistance to all antibiotics, with the exception of carbapenems, lipopeptides, and @entity581 that had a low resistance rate in comparison with the others. Also, the resistance rate was increased in one group of these three antimicrobial groups from 2010 to 2013. In particular, there was an increase in resistance to carbapenems ( @entity2892 and @entity2889 ) from 2010-2011 and 2012-2013, whereas no significant change in the resistance rate of the other two antimicrobial groups (lipopeptides and @entity581 ) during the study time was observed, although we did observe certain trends in @entity4509 ( @entity5292 group antibiotic) between 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii in Iran has increased, which may very well affect the antimicrobial resistance of this organism worldwide. Based on these results, novel prevention and treatment strategies against @entity281 are warranted. Furthermore, these data may assist in revising treatment guidelines and regional policies in care units to slow the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

title: Antibiotic Resistance of XXXX in Iran: A Systemic Review of the Published Literature.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['A. baumannii infections']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent studies of @entity418 ( @entity418 ) and @entity356 ( @entity356 ) have been reported to have high incidence rates of these @entity5 in Golestan Province of Iran. The present study describes the geographical patterns of @entity418 and @entity356 incidence based on @entity5 registry data and display statistically significant regions within this province. METHODS: In order to map the distribution of upper @entity1820 , relative risk (RR) were calculated. Therefore, to estimate a more reliable RR, Poisson regression models were used. The adjusted models (adjusted to urban-rural area, sex, and grouped age proportion) were utilized. We considered two-component random effects for each observation, an unstructured (noncorrelated) and a group of "neighbor" (correlated) heterogeneities. We estimated the model parameters using Gibbs sampling and empirical Bayes method. We used @entity418 and @entity356 data that were registered with Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in the years 2004-2008. RESULTS: The @entity418 and @entity356 maps were drawn for 2004-2008 in the province. Kalaleh and Minoodasht counties have a high RR of @entity418 and @entity356 in the years of study. In almost all years, the areas with a high RR were steady. CONCLUSION: The @entity418 and @entity356 maps showed significant spatial patterns of risk in Golestan province of Iran. Further study is needed to multivariate clustering and mapping of @entity5 RRs with considering diet and socioeconomic factors.

title: XXXX incidence mapping in golestan province, iran: using bayesian-gibbs sampling.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'EC']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric and esophageal cancers']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging and age-related diseases are one of the most important health issues that the world will confront during the 21(st) century. Only by understanding the proximal causes will we be able to find treatments to reduce or delay the onset of @entity179 associated with aging. Currently, the prevalent paradigm in the field is the accumulation of damage. However, a new theory that proposes an alternative explanation is gaining momentum. The @entity6392 theory proposes that aging is not a consequence of a wear and tear process, but a result of the continuation of developmental programs during adulthood. Here we use @entity238 , where evidence supporting both paradigms has been reported, to identify which parameters that have been previously related with lifespan best predict the rate of aging in wild type flies cultured at different temperatures. We find that mitochondrial function and mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species (mtROS) generation correlates with metabolic rate, but not with the rate of aging. Importantly, we find that activation of nutrient sensing pathways (i.e. insulin-PI3K/Target of @entity3446 (Tor) pathway) correlates with lifespan, but not with metabolic rate. Our results, dissociate metabolic rate and lifespan in wild type flies and instead link nutrient sensing signalling with longevity as predicted by the @entity6392 theory.

title: Target of @entity3446 activation predicts lifespan in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['hyperfunction']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fruit flies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging and age-related diseases are one of the most important health issues that the world will confront during the 21(st) century. Only by understanding the proximal causes will we be able to find treatments to reduce or delay the onset of @entity179 associated with aging. Currently, the prevalent paradigm in the field is the accumulation of damage. However, a new theory that proposes an alternative explanation is gaining momentum. The @entity6392 theory proposes that aging is not a consequence of a wear and tear process, but a result of the continuation of developmental programs during adulthood. Here we use @entity238 , where evidence supporting both paradigms has been reported, to identify which parameters that have been previously related with lifespan best predict the rate of aging in wild type flies cultured at different temperatures. We find that mitochondrial function and mitochondrial reactive @entity26 species (mtROS) generation correlates with metabolic rate, but not with the rate of aging. Importantly, we find that activation of nutrient sensing pathways (i.e. insulin-PI3K/Target of @entity3446 (Tor) pathway) correlates with lifespan, but not with metabolic rate. Our results, dissociate metabolic rate and lifespan in wild type flies and instead link nutrient sensing signalling with longevity as predicted by the @entity6392 theory.

title: Target of XXXX activation predicts lifespan in @entity238 .

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: Six healthy @entity1 walked 37 km (23 miles) per day over a 3- @entity3813 course for each of 4 consecutive days. Subjects were allowed breakfast and an unrestricted diet was consumed after completion of the walk, but no food was consumed during or between laps. At a later date the same subjects walked over the same course after an overnight fast and without breakfast. Completion time for each @entity3813 was 139 +/- 1 min (mean +/- SE) and exercise intensity was equivalent to 17 +/- 1% VO2max. Mean 24h energy intake was 14.5 +/- 0.8 MJ during the fed walk. Estimated daily energy expenditure was 12.0 MJ. Blood @entity413 concentration fell significantly on the first, third and fourth days of the fed walk, but no subject became hypoglycaemic. @entity413 concentration did not fall during the fasted walk and was significantly higher pre-exercise and at the end of laps one and three when compared to the first day of the fed walk. Blood @entity493 concentration fell significantly after the end of the first @entity3813 of each day of the fed walk but not during the fasted walk. Blood @entity880 levels did not change during the course of either walk. Plasma free @entity844 , @entity653 and blood @entity4322 concentrations were unchanged during the passage of the first @entity3813 on each day of the fed walk, but all three had increased significantly by the end of the first @entity3813 of the fasted walk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The metabolic response to prolonged walking in fed and fasted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are considered atheroprotective, and low levels have been associated with the @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), particularly non-ST elevation (NSTE)- @entity1187 . However, the functional properties as well as homeostasis of Tregs are mainly unknown in @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Here, we investigated the composition and functional properties of na  ve (n) and memory (m)Tregs in @entity1 with NSTE- @entity1187 and in @entity1 6-12  months post- @entity1187 . METHODS: Based on the expression of @entity2902 , @entity403 , @entity6978 , CD45RA, @entity13796 and @entity4386 , Treg  subsets were defined by flow cytometry in whole blood or isolated @entity404 (+) T cells. The functional properties of nTregs and mTregs were examined in terms of proliferative capacity and modulation of cytokine secretion. To understand the potential consequences of Treg defects, we also investigated correlations with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine secretion and ultrasound-defined @entity2998 . RESULTS: Both NSTE- @entity1187 and post- @entity1187 @entity1 exhibited reduced levels of nTregs (P  <  0.001) compared with healthy control subjects, but without compensatory increases in mTregs. Both nTregs and mTregs from @entity1 showed significantly lower replicative rates and impaired capacity to modulate T-cell proliferation and secretion of @entity379 and @entity688 . The Treg defect was also associated with LPS-induced cytokine secretion and increased burden of @entity2998 . CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a functional and homeostatic Treg defect in @entity1 with NSTE- @entity1187 and also in stabilized @entity1 6-12  months after @entity1187 . Moreover, this defect was associated with a subclinical proinflammatory and atherogenic state. We believe that the failure to preserve Treg function and homeostasis reflects a need for immune-restoring strategies in @entity453 .

title: Functional and homeostatic defects of regulatory T cells in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are considered atheroprotective, and low levels have been associated with the @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), particularly non-ST elevation (NSTE)- @entity1187 . However, the functional properties as well as homeostasis of Tregs are mainly unknown in @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Here, we investigated the composition and functional properties of na  ve (n) and memory (m)Tregs in @entity1 with NSTE- @entity1187 and in @entity1 6-12  months post- @entity1187 . METHODS: Based on the expression of @entity2902 , @entity403 , @entity6978 , CD45RA, @entity13796 and @entity4386 , Treg  subsets were defined by flow cytometry in whole blood or isolated @entity404 (+) T cells. The functional properties of nTregs and mTregs were examined in terms of proliferative capacity and modulation of cytokine secretion. To understand the potential consequences of Treg defects, we also investigated correlations with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine secretion and ultrasound-defined @entity2998 . RESULTS: Both NSTE- @entity1187 and post- @entity1187 @entity1 exhibited reduced levels of nTregs (P  <  0.001) compared with healthy control subjects, but without compensatory increases in mTregs. Both nTregs and mTregs from @entity1 showed significantly lower replicative rates and impaired capacity to modulate T-cell proliferation and secretion of @entity379 and @entity688 . The Treg defect was also associated with LPS-induced cytokine secretion and increased burden of @entity2998 . CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a functional and homeostatic Treg defect in @entity1 with NSTE- @entity1187 and also in stabilized @entity1 6-12  months after @entity1187 . Moreover, this defect was associated with a subclinical proinflammatory and atherogenic state. We believe that the failure to preserve Treg function and homeostasis reflects a need for immune-restoring strategies in @entity453 .

title: Functional and homeostatic defects of regulatory T cells in XXXX with @entity453 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: RATIONALE: How nasal symptoms in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) change over time and resolve during naturally occurring exacerbations has not been described previously. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the evolution and impact of upper airway symptoms in a well-defined @entity1030 cohort when stable and at exacerbation. METHODS: @entity1 in the London @entity1030 cohort were asked about the presence of nasal symptoms (nasal discharge, sneezing, postnasal drip, blocked nose, and anosmia) over an 8-year period (2005-2013) every 3 months at routine clinic visits while in a stable state and daily during exacerbations with the use of diary cards. Data were prospectively collected, and, in a subgroup of @entity1 , @entity1030 Assessment Test scores and @entity1 rhinovirus identification by polymerase chain reaction were available. @entity1 were also defined as having infrequent or frequent exacerbations (<2 or >= 2 exacerbations/yr, respectively). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At an aggregate of 4,368 visits, 209 @entity1 with @entity1030 were asked about their nasal symptoms. At 2,033 visits when the @entity1 were stable, the odds ratio (OR) for nasal discharge increased by 1.32% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.45; P   <   0.001); the OR for sneezing increased by 1.16% (95% CI, 1.05-1.29; P   =   0.005); the OR for postnasal drip increased by 1.18% (95% CI, 1.03-1.36; P   =   0.016); and the OR for anosmia increased by 1.19% (95% CI, 1.03-1.37; P   =   0.015). At visits when the @entity1 were having exacerbations, nasal discharge was present for 7 days and blocked nose, sneezing, and postnasal drip increased for just 3 days. Anosmia did not change. Nasal discharge was more likely in @entity1 with frequent exacerbations (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.17-3.28; P   =   0.011), and @entity1030 Assessment Test scores were higher by 1.06 units (95% CI, 0.32-1.80; P   =   0.005) when @entity1 were stable and higher by 1.30 units (95% CI, 0.05-2.57; P   =   0.042) during exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS: Upper airway symptoms increase over time in @entity1 with @entity1030 and are related to the frequent exacerbation phenotype. These longitudinal changes may be due to increasing airway inflammation or to progression of @entity1030 .

title: Upper respiratory symptoms worsen over time and relate to clinical phenotype in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for @entity1120 with @entity3913 -terminated glucocerebrosidase has proved its therapeutic position with salutary effects on @entity1503 , visceral infiltration, and quality of life. The frequency of new bone complications is reduced but not eliminated. Established @entity2530 is beyond salvage. A systematic description of the burden of bone manifestations, persisting despite ERT, should inform future remedial strategies. Thus, we conducted this study to quantify the @entity1141 and to explore putative relationships between clinical, radiologic, and biochemical factors and bone sequelae associated with disability.Consecutive adult @entity1 attending 3 referral centers in the United Kingdom were invited to participate. A representative group of 100 @entity1 agreed to a structured interview, clinical examination, radiologic review, and completion of questionnaires. @entity2530 was evident in 43%, @entity85 in 59%, @entity174 in 28%, @entity4034 in 6%, and @entity75 in 4%. Mobility was impaired in 32% of @entity1 , while 15% experienced significant @entity158 . The EuroQol 5D (EQ5D) quality of life summary measure was reduced and was associated with @entity2530 and @entity174 . Eight @entity1 experienced new @entity2530 after the start of ERT, though the presentation and evolution were often atypical. Nine @entity1 had been treated from childhood and had an excellent outcome. @entity2530 was associated with age of presentation and with splenectomy-indeed, we observed a strong temporal association between splenectomy and incidence of @entity2530 .The biomarkers @entity11602 / @entity11602 and chitotriosidase were associated with prevalent @entity2530 , and, in particular, with @entity2530 occurring despite treatment. This study documents significant residual skeletal pathology and disability in @entity1 in the mature phase of their treatment in a developed region. The temporal association between splenectomy and @entity2530 implies causation. The relationship between clinical and biochemical markers and existing bone complications sets the scene for future prospective studies that will focus on management strategies informed by credible assessment of risk.

title: Osseous manifestations of XXXX in the era of enzyme replacement therapy.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fracture']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Erlenmeyer flask deformity']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['burden of residual skeletal disease']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis', 'osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['adult Gaucher disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoretroviruses account for circa 8  % of all transposable elements found in the genome of @entity1 and other animals. They represent a genetic footprint of ancestral germ-cell infections of exoviruses that is transmittable to the progeny by Mendelian segregation. Traces of @entity1 endogenous retroviruses are physiologically expressed in ovarial, testicular and placental tissues as well as in stem cells. In addition, a number of these fossil viral elements have also been related to @entity105 . However, a relation between endoretroviruses expression and chemoresistance has not been reported yet. METHODS: Twenty @entity14 @entity1 samples were scrutinized for HERV-WE1 and HERV-FRD1 endoretroviruses using immunohistochemical approaches. In order to search for differential expression of these elements in chemotherapy refractory cells, a resistant HCT8 @entity694 subline was developed by serial @entity2879 exposure. Endoretroviral elements were detected by immunocytochemical staining, qPCR and ELISA. IC50-values of antiviral and cytostatic drugs in HCT8 cells were determined by @entity98 proliferation assay. The antivirals-cytostatics interaction was evaluated by the isobologram method. RESULTS: In this work, we show for the first time that HERV-WE1, HERV-FRD1, HERV-31, and @entity72086 are a) simultaneously expressed in treatment-na  ve @entity694 cells and b) upregulated after cytostatic exposure, suggesting that these retroviral elements are intimately related to chemotherapy resistance. We found a number of antiviral drugs to have cytotoxic activity and the ability to force the downregulation of HERV proteins in vitro. We also demonstrate that the use of different antiviral compounds alone or in combination with anticancer agents results in a synergistic antiproliferative effect and downregulation of different endoretroviral elements in highly chemotherapy-resistant @entity14 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced HERV-expression is associated with chemoresistance in @entity694 which can be overcome by antiviral drugs alone or in combination with anticancer drugs. Therefore, the introduction of antiviral compounds to the current chemotherapy regimens potentially improves @entity1 outcomes.

title: Therapeutic potential of antiviral drugs targeting chemorefractory XXXX cells overexpressing endogenous retroviral elements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas', 'colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal tumor']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The problem of double capsules and @entity2080 is a relatively new phenomenon in breast augmentation surgery. METHODS: The author's experience with double capsules in 14 @entity1 is outlined. The author reviewed all primary bilateral breast augmentations and primary bilateral mastopexy-augmentations after the moratorium in 1992. There were 209 @entity1 with saline implants, 160 @entity1 with @entity1860 and CMH Microcell textured surface implants, 105 @entity1 with Biocell textured surface silicone gel breast implants, and 152 @entity1 with smooth round silicone gel breast implants. Complications and revisions were reviewed to see if any patterns emerged. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 were found to have double capsules. Double capsules were only seen with the Biocell textured surface implant. Three @entity1 developed @entity2080 (more than a year after their original surgery), with two @entity1 requiring urgent drainage of an expanding seroma/ @entity1410 . Seven @entity1 were found to have double capsules as an incidental finding for procedures, such as asymmetry and bottoming out, and five @entity1 were found to have double capsules when surgery was performed for capsular contracture. The review of complications and revisions showed that the silicone gel implants were far better than saline implants. Highly cohesive Microcell textured CMH and @entity1860 implants had by far the best capsular contracture profile. Biocell texturing increased the capsular contracture rate. CONCLUSIONS: Double capsules and @entity2080 are a relatively new problem in breast augmentation surgery. The problem was not seen in smooth saline or smooth silicone gel breast implants but only in aggressively textured implants.

title: Breast implant complication review: double capsules and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['late seromas']

answer: @entity2080 :: (MESH:D049291,Disease) :: ['late seromas']


abstract: 3 pituitary @entity652 in @entity4089 and 3 GH and prolactin producing @entity5 were analysed. The @entity652 cells were prepared and held in suspension so that they could be treated with @entity2847 (10 ng and 100 ng). At different times after treatment (0.5, 60 and 90 minutes), the cells were fixed and prepared for conventional electronmicroscopy. Electron microscopic photographs were quantitatively analysed by the point counting method. The results were compared to those of an untreated control group. After @entity2847 influence, there was a decrease of the hormone secretion into the supernatant (2 of 3 prolactin producing @entity652 ). The prolactin secretion was unchanged in all 3 @entity652 which produced prolactin and GH, but there was a decrease in the GH production in 1 of these cases. Ultrastructural morphometry revealed the following results: In prolactin producing @entity652 , there was a decrease in the number of exocytoses, an increase in the volume density of lysosomes (2 cases) and an increase of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (1 case). The decrease of the "unorganized" cytoplasm was observed in all 3 cases, but was significant only in 1 case. There was a significant increase in secretory granules (1 case). In @entity652 which produced prolactin and GH displayed a significant increase of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and of the granules. The outlines of the cellular membranes seemed smoother (1 case). The heterogeneous results may be interpreted as an expression of the reduced hormone secretion (secretory granules, lysosomes), some data are in accordance with the beginning of @entity16925 phenomena (rough endoplasmic reticulum). The decrease of the "unorganized" cytoplasm may be due to a shrinking process.

title: In-vitro effects of XXXX on isolated pituitary adenoma cells. Ultrastructural and morphometrical studies.

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity16925 :: ('MESH:D017441', 'Disease') :: ['necrobiotic']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity2847 :: (MESH:D001971,Chemical) :: ['bromocriptine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9595 is known as the most common @entity74 among individuals of European genetic background. It is possible to find 2 mutations closely placed in the @entity14398 gene ( @entity14397 and @entity31397 ) and this proximity can cause errors when genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping assay. The aim of this study was to develop a hydrolysis probe-based PCR assay for detection of the @entity14397 and @entity31397 mutations without interference from on each other. Herein the study involved the standardization of an improvement of the real-time PCR 5' nuclease assay to detect the desired mutations close placed using a same probe system. The assay analytical properties performances were tested, including the primers selectivity and detection limits. Also, the interexaminer reproducibility and repeatability of assay were estimated in 30 blood samples. Others 153 results of samples were compared with reference method (PCR_RFLP) and the accordance of the results evaluated by Fleiss' k method. The results of variation of interexaminer reproducibility and repeatability of assay were not statistically relevant (P<0.001). The comparison between the 2 methods by Fleiss' k analysis showed that 5' nuclease assay identified the @entity14397 and @entity31397 haplotype as well as the reference method in all 153 tested samples. Our results showed that novel method probe-based real-time PCR were capable to detect 2 adjacent polymorphisms without errors in genotyping.

title: Novel Method Probe-based Real-Time PCR to Detect 2 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Close to Each Other: XXXX @entity9595 Gene Model.

entities_list: @entity14397 :: ('p|SUB|H|63|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H63D']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary hemochromatosis']

entities_list: @entity31397 :: ('p|SUB|S|65|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S65C']

answer: @entity14398 :: (3077,Gene) :: ['HFE']