abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) from @entity14 has been improved with @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). However, benefits of postoperative chemotherapy (CT) are unclear. METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter study included 231 @entity1 treated by @entity1104 and HIPEC for isolated @entity298 of @entity694 in four expert's centers. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and peritoneal recurrence-free survival (PRFS) were compared between @entity1 with adjuvant CT (started within 3  months after surgery) and @entity1 with surveillance only. RESULTS: After exclusion of 10 @entity1 for early postoperative @entity204 (4  %), 221 @entity1 were included (CT group: n  =  151; surveillance group: n  =  70). Main postoperative CT regimens (median of 6 cycles) were Folfox (28  %), Folfiri bevacizumab (24.5  %), Folfiri (16  %), and Folfiri cetuximab (12.5  %). The median OS after surgery was 43.3  months with no difference between CT and surveillance groups. In multivariate analysis, a low peritoneal @entity5 index (p  <  0.0001) and a long delay between diagnosis of @entity2723 and HIPEC (p  =  0.001) were associated with increased OS. The median PFS and PRFS were 12.4 and 17  months, respectively. At 1  year, more @entity1 were without progression (p  =  0.001) or @entity298 recurrence (0.0004) in the CT group, but with prolonged follow-up this difference was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative CT does not improve OS after @entity1104 and HIPEC for @entity694 . However, a transient effect on PFS and PRFS was observed. A subgroup of @entity1 who may benefit more from CT remain to be defined.

title: Early Postoperative Chemotherapy After Complete Cytoreduction and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for XXXX of @entity694 : A Multicenter Study.

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Isolated Peritoneal Carcinomatosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This long-term follow-up analysis evaluated @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) in a phase 2 study of the bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE  ) antibody construct blinatumomab in 36 adults with relapsed/refractory B-precursor @entity981 . In the primary analysis, 25 (69%) @entity1 achieved complete remission with full (CR) or partial ( @entity6192 ) recovery of peripheral blood counts within the first 2 cycles. Twenty-five @entity1 (69%) had a @entity41 ( @entity41 ) response (< 10(-4) blasts), including 22 CR/ @entity6192 responders, two @entity1 with @entity236 , and one @entity1 with normocellular marrow but low peripheral counts. Ten of the 36 @entity1 (28%) were long-term survivors ( @entity1349 >=  30 months). Median @entity1349 was 13.0 months (median follow-up, 32.6 months). @entity41 response was associated with significantly longer @entity1349 (Mantel-Byar P = 0.009). All 10 long-term survivors had an @entity41 response. Median @entity4557 was 8.8 months (median follow-up, 28.9 months). A plateau for @entity4557 was reached after approximately 18 months. Six of the 10 long-term survivors remained relapse-free, including four who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) as consolidation for blinatumomab and two who received three additional cycles of blinatumomab instead of alloSCT. Three long-term survivors had neurologic events or @entity16877 resulting in temporary blinatumomab discontinuation; all restarted blinatumomab successfully. Long-term survivors had more pronounced T-cell expansion than @entity1 with @entity1349 < 30 months.

title: Long-term survival and T-Cell kinetics in adult @entity1 with relapsed/refractory B-precursor XXXX who achieved @entity41 response following treatment with Anti-CD19 BiTE   antibody construct blinatumomab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity16877 :: ('MESH:C566759', 'Disease') :: ['cytokine release syndrome']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['hypocellular marrow']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This long-term follow-up analysis evaluated @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) in a phase 2 study of the bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE  ) antibody construct blinatumomab in 36 adults with relapsed/refractory B-precursor @entity981 . In the primary analysis, 25 (69%) @entity1 achieved complete remission with full (CR) or partial ( @entity6192 ) recovery of peripheral blood counts within the first 2 cycles. Twenty-five @entity1 (69%) had a @entity41 ( @entity41 ) response (< 10(-4) blasts), including 22 CR/ @entity6192 responders, two @entity1 with @entity236 , and one @entity1 with normocellular marrow but low peripheral counts. Ten of the 36 @entity1 (28%) were long-term survivors ( @entity1349 >=  30 months). Median @entity1349 was 13.0 months (median follow-up, 32.6 months). @entity41 response was associated with significantly longer @entity1349 (Mantel-Byar P = 0.009). All 10 long-term survivors had an @entity41 response. Median @entity4557 was 8.8 months (median follow-up, 28.9 months). A plateau for @entity4557 was reached after approximately 18 months. Six of the 10 long-term survivors remained relapse-free, including four who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) as consolidation for blinatumomab and two who received three additional cycles of blinatumomab instead of alloSCT. Three long-term survivors had neurologic events or @entity16877 resulting in temporary blinatumomab discontinuation; all restarted blinatumomab successfully. Long-term survivors had more pronounced T-cell expansion than @entity1 with @entity1349 < 30 months.

title: Long-term survival and T-Cell kinetics in adult @entity1 with relapsed/refractory B-precursor @entity981 who achieved XXXX response following treatment with Anti-CD19 BiTE   antibody construct blinatumomab.

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['minimal residual disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This long-term follow-up analysis evaluated @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) in a phase 2 study of the bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE  ) antibody construct blinatumomab in 36 adults with relapsed/refractory B-precursor @entity981 . In the primary analysis, 25 (69%) @entity1 achieved complete remission with full (CR) or partial ( @entity6192 ) recovery of peripheral blood counts within the first 2 cycles. Twenty-five @entity1 (69%) had a @entity41 ( @entity41 ) response (< 10(-4) blasts), including 22 CR/ @entity6192 responders, two @entity1 with @entity236 , and one @entity1 with normocellular marrow but low peripheral counts. Ten of the 36 @entity1 (28%) were long-term survivors ( @entity1349 >=  30 months). Median @entity1349 was 13.0 months (median follow-up, 32.6 months). @entity41 response was associated with significantly longer @entity1349 (Mantel-Byar P = 0.009). All 10 long-term survivors had an @entity41 response. Median @entity4557 was 8.8 months (median follow-up, 28.9 months). A plateau for @entity4557 was reached after approximately 18 months. Six of the 10 long-term survivors remained relapse-free, including four who received allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) as consolidation for blinatumomab and two who received three additional cycles of blinatumomab instead of alloSCT. Three long-term survivors had neurologic events or @entity16877 resulting in temporary blinatumomab discontinuation; all restarted blinatumomab successfully. Long-term survivors had more pronounced T-cell expansion than @entity1 with @entity1349 < 30 months.

title: Long-term survival and T-Cell kinetics in adult XXXX with relapsed/refractory B-precursor @entity981 who achieved @entity41 response following treatment with Anti-CD19 BiTE   antibody construct blinatumomab.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between @entity393 , hearing aid use, and @entity73 . DESIGN: Prospective population-based study. SETTING: Data gathered from the Personnes Ag  es QUID study, a cohort study begun in 1989-90. @entity1 : Individuals aged 65 and older (N = 3,670). MEASUREMENTS: At baseline, @entity393 was determined using a questionnaire assessing self-perceived @entity393 ; 137 subjects reported major @entity393 , 1,139 reported moderate problems (difficulty following the conversation when several @entity1 talk at the same time or in a noisy background), and 2,394 reported no hearing trouble. @entity73 was measured using the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), administered at follow-up visits over 25 years. RESULTS: Self-reported @entity393 was significantly associated with lower baseline @entity1032 score (b = -0.69, P < .001) and greater decline during the 25-year follow-up period (b = -0.04, P = .01) independent of age, sex, and education. A difference in the rate of change in @entity1032 score over the 25-year follow-up was observed between @entity1 with @entity393 not using hearing aids and controls (b = -0.06, P < .001). In contrast, subjects with @entity393 using a hearing aid had no difference in @entity73 (b = 0.07, P = .08) from controls. CONCLUSION: Self-reported @entity393 is associated with accelerated @entity73 in older adults; hearing aid use attenuates such decline.

title: Self-Reported Hearing Loss, Hearing Aids, and XXXX in Elderly Adults: A 25-Year Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'Cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini-Mental State Examination']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Decline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: On the basis of results of previous Japanese trials for @entity2800 in @entity1467 (ML-DS), the efficacy of risk-oriented therapy was evaluated in the Japanese @entity706 Study Group AML-D05 study. PROCEDURE: All @entity1 received induction chemotherapy that consisted of @entity7765 , intermediate-dose @entity2592 , and @entity2879 . @entity1 who achieved complete remission (CR) after initial induction therapy were stratified to the standard risk (SR) group and received four courses of reduced-dose intensification therapy. @entity1 who did not achieve CR were stratified to the high risk (HR) group and received intensified therapy that consisted of continuous or high-dose @entity2592 . RESULTS: A total of 72 @entity1 were eligible and evaluated. One @entity1 died of @entity295 during initial induction therapy. Sixty-nine @entity1 were stratified to SR and two @entity1 to HR. No therapy-related deaths were observed during intensification therapy. The 3-year event-free and overall survival rates were 83.3%      4.4% and 87.5%      3.9 %, respectively. Age at diagnosis less than 2 years was a significant favorable prognostic factor for risk of relapse (P  =  0.009). CONCLUSIONS: The attempt of risk-oriented prospective study for ML-DS was unsuccessful, but despite the dose reduction of chemotherapeutic agents, the overall outcome was good, and further dose reduction might be possible for specific subgroups.

title: Preserved High Probability of Overall Survival with Significant Reduction of Chemotherapy for XXXX in Down Syndrome: A Nationwide Prospective Study in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7765 :: ('MESH:C027260', 'Chemical') :: ['pirarubicin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

answer: @entity2800 :: (MESH:D007951,Disease) :: ['Myeloid Leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity101 ( @entity101 ) and @entity19430 ( @entity19430 ) are associated with organ damage. In the present study, we examined the correlation between the magnitude of white-coat effect (WCE) or reverse WCE (RWCE) and 24-h pulse pressure (PP), an indicator of target organ damage and arterial stiffness, in @entity1 and young adults. We also examined the relationship of WCE or RWCE and blood pressure (BP) variability, another predictor of clinical outcomes. One hundred and ninety-eight subjects were studied. According to the office BP and ambulatory BP, they were divided into normotension, @entity19430 , @entity101 , and @entity101 . The magnitude of WCE or RWCE, along with male gender and 24-h systolic BP, was the determinant of 24-h PP. In subjects with 24-h PP  >=   61  mmHg, the magnitude of WCE or RWCE, age, male ratio, height, weight, BMI, the percentage of secondary @entity101 , that of @entity101 , office systolic BP, and 24-h systolic BP were significantly greater. There was a progressive increase in 24-h PP from normotension, @entity19430 , @entity101 , to @entity101 . BP variability in subjects with @entity101 was numerically highest in both systolic and diastolic. Diastolic BP variability of @entity19430 , @entity101 , and @entity101 was significantly higher than that of normotension. Finally, the magnitude of WCE or RWCE in systolic showed a significant correlation with systolic BP variability. In conclusion, the magnitude of WCE or RWCE correlates with 24-h PP and systolic BP variability, which may suggest increased arterial stiffness in @entity19430 and @entity101 .

title: White-Coat and Reverse White-Coat Effects Correlate with 24-h Pulse Pressure and Systolic Blood Pressure Variability in XXXX and Young Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity19430 :: ('MESH:D059466', 'Disease') :: ['white-coat hypertension', 'WCH']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Masked hypertension', 'hypertension', 'MH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Potentially lethal damage repair (PLDR) in @entity1 cells was investigated by delayed plating experiments with three malignant @entity5 cell lines (breast, colon and @entity521 ) and two normal diploid lines (lung fibroblasts) in exponential and plateau phases. All cell lines demonstrated PLDR which was considerably higher for all the cell lines in plateau phase compared to log phase. At survival levels of 0.01, the two fibroblast lines had recovery ratios of 3.8 and 4.0 for 6 h delayed plating in plateau phase. The malignant lines showed recovery ratios of 5.7 ( @entity521 ), 3.2 ( @entity0 ) and 2.4 ( @entity694 ). The data were fitted to the linear quadratic equation and in addition, a repair factor was developed to compare survival for immediate and delayed plating: S(D) = exp[-gamma (alpha D + beta D2)] where gamma = 1 for immediate plating. Previously published data on @entity1 @entity5 and normal lines were also fitted to this equation. In all instances the three parameter equation (alpha, beta, gamma) allowed a good fit of the survival data for immediate and delayed plating. By using the same alpha, beta for the zero hour and 6 h survival curves, the gamma factor allows a much more useful method of comparing PLDR among different cell lines. The gamma factor for the two lung fibroblast lines were 0.70 and 0.71 while skin fibroblasts also had a 0.71 factor. The six malignant lines ranged from 0.62 to 0.93 with all but the @entity521 line having a higher factor (and therefore decreased PLDR capacity) than the normal lines. No correlation between PLDR and in vitro radiosensitivity or clinical radiosensitivity of the @entity5 type was found.

title: Potentially lethal damage repair in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effects of adrenergic activation on @entity146 and the @entity146 induced endocrine changes were tested in @entity35 . Alpha 2 adrenoceptor blockers were used for enhancing activation of the adrenergic system, and changes in @entity146 were tested in resident-intruder contests. Three experiments were conducted. In experiment 1, saline injected @entity35 responded to the presence of an opponent by @entity146 and the increase in plasma ACTH and @entity2819 . Intraperitoneal administration of 1 mg/kg @entity35647 (an alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonist) produced a several fold increase in clinch fighting and mutual upright scores, and also further enhanced the plasma ACTH and @entity2819 response. In experiment 2, the effect of three doses (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) of three different alpha 2 adrenoceptor blockers @entity35647 , @entity9006 and @entity3160 were tested. All the substances increased @entity146 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg; at 2 mg/kg the effect of @entity9006 and @entity3160 disappeared, while with @entity35647 an additional increase was obtained. In @entity3160 treated animals the enhancement of @entity146 was reduced already at 1 mg/kg. In experiment 3, @entity3352 , a potent inhibitor of the @entity2922 -induced ACTH release completely abolished the effects of the alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonist @entity35647 : the intensity of agonistic interactions, as well as ACTH and @entity2819 plasma concentrations, returned to control levels. The possible role of @entity2661 and the stress hormones in the activation of @entity146 is discussed.

title: Alpha 2-adrenoceptor blockade, pituitary-adrenal hormones, and agonistic interactions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In 1992 @entity1 aged 65 years and over represented 11.9% ( @entity1 ) and 17.2% ( @entity1 ) of the Swiss population, and in 2000 the average 65-year-old @entity1 or @entity1 can expect to live about 12 more years. Old age is characterized by multimorbidity, an accumulation of chronic conditions and diseases, and by social isolation. Multimorbidity and isolation (living alone) are the major risk factors for @entity3147 . 30-60% of all @entity1 aged 65 years and over show one or more subnormal nutritional parameters. The unspecific and oligosymptomatic clinical picture of @entity3147 in the elderly often hinders an early diagnosis, and @entity3147 is often misdiagnosed as "wasting away syndrome" of the old. Thus, the nutritional assessment of the elderly should become a routine diagnostic procedure. Detection of @entity3147 involves assessment of nutritional parameters including history (eating habits, appetite), anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index, triceps skinfold, midarm circumference), serum proteins (albumin, @entity69 , prealbumin, cholinesterase, @entity904 binding protein), vitamins (B12, folic acid, @entity71195 ), minerals and trace elements ( @entity219 , @entity1760 , @entity460 , @entity68 ), immunologic skin tests and lymphocyte count. Depending on the history and the clinical symptoms, a selected number of these nutritional parameters are assessed. When assessing the nutritional status of the elderly it is important to define the etiologic factors involved. Thus, treatment of underlying causes and refeeding can be streamlined, so that maximum benefit can be obtained for the quality of life of the elderly.

title: [Special aspects of XXXX in geriatrics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'man', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: Over the past few years, the central role of cytokines in the amplification of the immune response has been reported and several studies have examined the relationship between the plasma level of individual lymphokines during renal allograft rejection. The aim of the present investigation was to study simultaneously @entity1199 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 . Analysis of results has allowed both the prognostic value and any possible interrelationships between the measured cytokines to be determined. We studied 16 renal transplant recipients for the first 14 days after transplantation. Seven @entity1 showed clinical evidence of acute allograft rejection and 5 showed excellent stable graft function with no signs of rejection. Primary nonfunction was seen in 4 @entity1 . The plasma levels of each cytokine were measured by commercially available ELISA and immunoradiometric assay kits. As reported in previous studies, plasma @entity1199 levels, whenever found at detectable levels, were predictive of impending graft rejection. Serial monitoring of @entity3646 and @entity650 was more reliable for the differential diagnosis of rejection, particularly toward the end of the first week after transplantation. @entity2772 , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 were not diagnostic or predictive of rejection, due to the occurrence of significantly high levels in transplant @entity1 who showed no evidence of clinical rejection. While the value of cytokine monitoring has been shown in this study, it should be remembered that infection, although not seen in these studies, may have a profound affect on the results obtained.

title: The value of posttransplant monitoring of interleukin (IL)-2, @entity2772 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , XXXX , and soluble @entity7527 in the plasma of renal allograft recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['IL-8']


abstract: Over the past few years, the central role of cytokines in the amplification of the immune response has been reported and several studies have examined the relationship between the plasma level of individual lymphokines during renal allograft rejection. The aim of the present investigation was to study simultaneously @entity1199 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 . Analysis of results has allowed both the prognostic value and any possible interrelationships between the measured cytokines to be determined. We studied 16 renal transplant recipients for the first 14 days after transplantation. Seven @entity1 showed clinical evidence of acute allograft rejection and 5 showed excellent stable graft function with no signs of rejection. Primary nonfunction was seen in 4 @entity1 . The plasma levels of each cytokine were measured by commercially available ELISA and immunoradiometric assay kits. As reported in previous studies, plasma @entity1199 levels, whenever found at detectable levels, were predictive of impending graft rejection. Serial monitoring of @entity3646 and @entity650 was more reliable for the differential diagnosis of rejection, particularly toward the end of the first week after transplantation. @entity2772 , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 were not diagnostic or predictive of rejection, due to the occurrence of significantly high levels in transplant @entity1 who showed no evidence of clinical rejection. While the value of cytokine monitoring has been shown in this study, it should be remembered that infection, although not seen in these studies, may have a profound affect on the results obtained.

title: The value of posttransplant monitoring of interleukin (IL)-2, @entity2772 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity687 , and soluble XXXX in the plasma of renal allograft recipients.

answer: @entity7527 :: (2208,Gene) :: ['CD23']


abstract: Over the past few years, the central role of cytokines in the amplification of the immune response has been reported and several studies have examined the relationship between the plasma level of individual lymphokines during renal allograft rejection. The aim of the present investigation was to study simultaneously @entity1199 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 . Analysis of results has allowed both the prognostic value and any possible interrelationships between the measured cytokines to be determined. We studied 16 renal transplant recipients for the first 14 days after transplantation. Seven @entity1 showed clinical evidence of acute allograft rejection and 5 showed excellent stable graft function with no signs of rejection. Primary nonfunction was seen in 4 @entity1 . The plasma levels of each cytokine were measured by commercially available ELISA and immunoradiometric assay kits. As reported in previous studies, plasma @entity1199 levels, whenever found at detectable levels, were predictive of impending graft rejection. Serial monitoring of @entity3646 and @entity650 was more reliable for the differential diagnosis of rejection, particularly toward the end of the first week after transplantation. @entity2772 , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 were not diagnostic or predictive of rejection, due to the occurrence of significantly high levels in transplant @entity1 who showed no evidence of clinical rejection. While the value of cytokine monitoring has been shown in this study, it should be remembered that infection, although not seen in these studies, may have a profound affect on the results obtained.

title: The value of posttransplant monitoring of interleukin (IL)-2, @entity2772 , XXXX , @entity650 , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 in the plasma of renal allograft recipients.

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: Over the past few years, the central role of cytokines in the amplification of the immune response has been reported and several studies have examined the relationship between the plasma level of individual lymphokines during renal allograft rejection. The aim of the present investigation was to study simultaneously @entity1199 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 . Analysis of results has allowed both the prognostic value and any possible interrelationships between the measured cytokines to be determined. We studied 16 renal transplant recipients for the first 14 days after transplantation. Seven @entity1 showed clinical evidence of acute allograft rejection and 5 showed excellent stable graft function with no signs of rejection. Primary nonfunction was seen in 4 @entity1 . The plasma levels of each cytokine were measured by commercially available ELISA and immunoradiometric assay kits. As reported in previous studies, plasma @entity1199 levels, whenever found at detectable levels, were predictive of impending graft rejection. Serial monitoring of @entity3646 and @entity650 was more reliable for the differential diagnosis of rejection, particularly toward the end of the first week after transplantation. @entity2772 , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 were not diagnostic or predictive of rejection, due to the occurrence of significantly high levels in transplant @entity1 who showed no evidence of clinical rejection. While the value of cytokine monitoring has been shown in this study, it should be remembered that infection, although not seen in these studies, may have a profound affect on the results obtained.

title: The value of posttransplant monitoring of interleukin (IL)-2, XXXX , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 in the plasma of renal allograft recipients.

answer: @entity2772 :: (3562,Gene) :: ['IL-3']


abstract: Over the past few years, the central role of cytokines in the amplification of the immune response has been reported and several studies have examined the relationship between the plasma level of individual lymphokines during renal allograft rejection. The aim of the present investigation was to study simultaneously @entity1199 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 . Analysis of results has allowed both the prognostic value and any possible interrelationships between the measured cytokines to be determined. We studied 16 renal transplant recipients for the first 14 days after transplantation. Seven @entity1 showed clinical evidence of acute allograft rejection and 5 showed excellent stable graft function with no signs of rejection. Primary nonfunction was seen in 4 @entity1 . The plasma levels of each cytokine were measured by commercially available ELISA and immunoradiometric assay kits. As reported in previous studies, plasma @entity1199 levels, whenever found at detectable levels, were predictive of impending graft rejection. Serial monitoring of @entity3646 and @entity650 was more reliable for the differential diagnosis of rejection, particularly toward the end of the first week after transplantation. @entity2772 , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 were not diagnostic or predictive of rejection, due to the occurrence of significantly high levels in transplant @entity1 who showed no evidence of clinical rejection. While the value of cytokine monitoring has been shown in this study, it should be remembered that infection, although not seen in these studies, may have a profound affect on the results obtained.

title: The value of posttransplant monitoring of interleukin (IL)-2, @entity2772 , @entity3646 , XXXX , @entity687 , and soluble @entity7527 in the plasma of renal allograft recipients.

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: 1. The trehalase found in an extract prepared from a @entity375 that cannot ferment @entity7970 was studied and characterized. The enzyme is highly specific for @entity7970 with K(m) 1.02x10(-2)m, and an optimum pH of 6.9. 2. It is inhibited by @entity413 and by @entity45021 , and does not facilitate any significant transglucosylations. 3. pK values 7.7 and 5.8 were detected for the groups associated with binding of the non-ionized substrate to the enzyme. 4. The trehalase was found to be highly labile and was inhibited by @entity1432 -binding reagents. 5. The possible role of this enzyme in the @entity7970 -dissimilation patterns in the @entity375 cell was evaluated.

title: Intracellular trehalase of a hybrid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast strain', 'yeast']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity45021 :: ('MESH:C082722', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose 6-phosphate']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: The two major urinary metabolites of @entity2072 are @entity3234 (BE) and @entity29427 (EME). The major advantage of BE screening is that many commercial immunoassays are designed to detect BE. On the other hand, EME is more amenable to gas chromatographic screening. To ascertain the merits of screening BE versus EME for identifying @entity2072 use, 380 consecutive urine specimens presented to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner-State of Maryland were tested for BE by EMIT (cutoff 0.3 mg/L) and for EME by gas chromatography- @entity1568 - @entity3151 detection (cutoff 0.05 mg/L). Each presumptive positive was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. One hundred four specimens tested positive for BE or EME. Ninety three specimens were positive for both BE and EME, seven were positive for BE (cutoff 0.05 mg/L) only and four were positive for EME only. BE concentrations ranged from 0.08-386 mg/L while EME concentrations ranged from 0.06-72 mg/L. The BE concentration was greater than or equal to the EME concentration in 73% of the cases. Using BE as a sole screen, 96% of the cases of @entity2072 use were identified while EME screening identified 93% of the cases.

title: @entity3234 and XXXX concentrations in urine specimens.

entities_list: @entity29427 :: ('MESH:C034524', 'Chemical') :: ['ecgonine methyl ester']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity3234 :: ('MESH:C005618', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoylecgonine']

answer: @entity29427 :: (MESH:C034524,Chemical) :: ['ecgonine methyl ester']


abstract: The two major urinary metabolites of @entity2072 are @entity3234 (BE) and @entity29427 (EME). The major advantage of BE screening is that many commercial immunoassays are designed to detect BE. On the other hand, EME is more amenable to gas chromatographic screening. To ascertain the merits of screening BE versus EME for identifying @entity2072 use, 380 consecutive urine specimens presented to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner-State of Maryland were tested for BE by EMIT (cutoff 0.3 mg/L) and for EME by gas chromatography- @entity1568 - @entity3151 detection (cutoff 0.05 mg/L). Each presumptive positive was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. One hundred four specimens tested positive for BE or EME. Ninety three specimens were positive for both BE and EME, seven were positive for BE (cutoff 0.05 mg/L) only and four were positive for EME only. BE concentrations ranged from 0.08-386 mg/L while EME concentrations ranged from 0.06-72 mg/L. The BE concentration was greater than or equal to the EME concentration in 73% of the cases. Using BE as a sole screen, 96% of the cases of @entity2072 use were identified while EME screening identified 93% of the cases.

title: XXXX and @entity29427 concentrations in urine specimens.

answer: @entity3234 :: (MESH:C005618,Chemical) :: ['Benzoylecgonine']


abstract: The clinical and pathological features of 35 cases with @entity9576 collected in the United Kingdom @entity191 Society Brain Bank (UKPDSBB) between 1985 and 1992 have been analysed. The median age of onset was 55 (range 33.3-75.8) years and median survival was 7.3 (range 2.1-11.5) years. @entity304 , usually asymmetric, occurred in all, and @entity11460 in all but one case. Cerebellar signs were noted in 34% and pyramidal features in 54% of the cases. Glial cytoplasmic inclusions were found in all cases with adequate fixation. Lewy bodies were detected in three cases. The substantia nigra was (usually severely) depleted of cells in all cases. With two exceptions the putamen was @entity3202 ; the caudate and pallidum were less commonly and less severely affected. Overall nigrostriatal cell loss correlated with severity of disease at the time of @entity204 . The latest, but not the best, recorded levodopa response tended to be inversely related to the degree of @entity528 . The olivopontocerebellar system was involved in 88% of the cases, the cerebellar vermis usually being more severely affected than the hemispheres. The presence of associated cerebellar pathology was, however, unrelated to the presence of cerebellar signs in life.

title: Clinicopathological study of 35 cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['putaminal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic failure']

answer: @entity9576 :: (MESH:D019578,Disease) :: ['multiple system atrophy']


abstract: Two cases of peripartum @entity296 , a rare type of @entity384 , are reported. A 36-year-old @entity1 developed @entity712 1 month after delivering her third @entity1 . Cardiac catheterization revealed diffuse hypokinesis of the left ventricle and an ejection fraction of 28%. The second study, 20 months later, demonstrated an ejection fraction of 46%. Endomyocardial biopsy showed mild @entity4 . A 42-year-old @entity1 developed @entity6064 during pregnancy. She delivered her second @entity1 at 38 weeks of gestation. Two weeks later, she developed @entity712 . Cardiac catheterization demonstrated diffuse hypokinesis of left ventricle with an ejection fraction of 40%. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed dense @entity82 . Follow-up angiography performed 8 months later showed similar findings with an ejection fraction of 34%. These two cases suggest the importance of evaluation of endomyocardial biopsy to determine the degree of @entity82 that may reflect the prognosis for @entity1 with peripartum @entity296 confirmed by measurements of ejection fraction.

title: [Two cases of peripartum XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to present a 20-year experience with a single method of passive distal perfusion during descending thoracic aortic @entity439 resection. METHODS: Aortic repair with a Dacron graft interposition was performed for 366 consecutive @entity439 located between the left subclavian artery and the crux of the diaphragm. The extent of aorta resected in 335 @entity1 (91.5%) represented one third or less of the aortic length. @entity30726 mm Gott shunt was cannulated proximally into the ascending aorta (235 cases), the aortic arch (60 cases), the descending aorta (68 cases), or the left ventricle (3 cases) and inserted distally into the descending aorta (232 cases), the femoral artery (127 cases), or the abdominal aorta (7 cases). Shunt flows were recorded in 91 cases and varied from 1100 ml to 4900 ml/min, (mean 2526 ml/min). Distal pressure during shunting was measured in 62 @entity1 . It varied from 15 to 120 mm Hg (mean 64.5 mm Hg). The aortic cross-clamp time varied from 8 to 124 minutes (mean 30 minutes). RESULTS: The hospital death rate was 12% overall and 9.9% (35/351) if @entity1756 are excluded. Among 359 operating room survivors, neither immediate nor delayed ischemic @entity602 occurred. Transient @entity8 occurred in nine @entity1 (2.4%) and @entity177 in one (0.2%). Five deaths (1.3%) were shunt related. CONCLUSION: Distal perfusion with the 9 mm Gott shunt has proven to be an effective method to preserve spinal cord function. The limited extent of aorta resected and the brief aortic cross-clamp time may also be interactive factors of protection.

title: XXXX of the descending thoracic aorta: three hundred sixty-six consecutive cases resected without paraplegia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord deficit']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between admission and postoperative platelet count (PC) and mortality and morbidity rates after emergency surgery for @entity1755 ( @entity1028 ). METHODS: We performed a case record review of 65 consecutive @entity1 admitted with @entity1755 . RESULTS: Five @entity1 did not undergo operation because of poor clinical condition, 12 @entity1 died at operation, 13 @entity1 died after operation, and 35 @entity1 survived (operative mortality rate of 58%). Fifteen @entity1 had an admission PC of less than 150 x 10(9)/L, of whom 14 (93%) died; 27 @entity1 had an admission PC of 150 to 250 x 10(9)/L, of whom 8 (30%) died; and 18 @entity1 had an admission PC of greater than 250 x 10(9)/L of whom 3 (17%) died. At the end of operation 29 @entity1 had a PC of less than 100 x 10(9)/L, of whom 13 (45%) died, 20 (69%) had development of @entity177 ( @entity177 ), and 6 (21%) required relaparotomy for @entity548 complications. By contrast, all 19 @entity1 having a PC of 100 x 10(9)/L or greater at the end of the operation survived, three (16%) had development of @entity177 , and none required further surgery for @entity548 . There was a significant inverse correlation between PC at the end of the operation and the number of postoperative days spent on a ventilator, in the intensive therapy unit, and in hospital. After operation, 15 @entity1 had development of @entity1148 (PC > 400 x 10(9)/L), of whom 10 had development of @entity1150 and 8 had development of @entity1151 . There were no deep @entity1150 or @entity1151 in @entity1 who did not have development of a postoperative @entity1148 . CONCLUSIONS: There is a direct correlation between PC on admission to the hospital and @entity204 after emergency repair of @entity1755 . @entity882 at the end of the operation is associated with a high risk of morbidity from continuing @entity548 or @entity177 . The development of postoperative @entity1148 is associated with a high risk of @entity1031 complications. PC provides a simple marker of outcome in @entity1 diagnosed with and undergoing operation for @entity1755 .

title: Platelet count and the outcome of operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured AAA', 'ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolisms']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure', 'MOF']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: We have examined the factors influencing prognosis in over 4000 @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) aged 1-14 who have been treated on consecutive MRC UKALL trials from 1972 to 1990. During this time the results of treatment have improved steadily but are consistently superior in @entity1 when compared with @entity1 ; the 5-year event-free survival in @entity1 improving from 51% to 71% and in @entity1 from 31% to 57%. These results were independent of age and presenting leucocyte count. @entity1 not only had a testicular relapse rate of 10% but an excess of @entity236 , particularly evident after 2 years from diagnosis. Other prognostic factors included @entity7555 and the morphology of leukaemic blast cells; immunophenotype of the @entity1778 , however, had no independent significance after allowance for age, sex and leucocyte count. The influence of sex on prognosis was reaffirmed when we examined various methods of identifying @entity1 at highest risk of treatment failure for whom alternative therapy such as bone marrow transplantation might be justified. In MRC UKALL X @entity1 had been deemed 'high risk' on the basis of leucocyte count alone, but with further follow-up it has become apparent that @entity1 with an initial leucocyte count of > 100 x 10(9)/l have a similar prognosis to @entity1 with a lower count. We therefore derived a risk score based on sex, age and count which has given better discrimination between standard risk (66% 5-year survival) and poor risk (39%) survival than other methods. This group of worse-risk @entity1 includes 16% of @entity1 but only 3% of all @entity1 . Gender remains an important prognostic factor in UKALL trials and there are very few @entity1 who are at highest risk of treatment failure. The reasons for this remain unclear, but the pattern of relapses suggests that @entity1 more often get inadequate systemic therapy. We postulate that the reasons for treatment failure may relate to sensitivity to continuing (maintenance) chemotherapy.

title: Gender and treatment outcome in XXXX : report from the MRC UKALL trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Boys', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['organomegaly']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow relapse']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: The term @entity1459 encompasses @entity922 . Fissuring of an @entity731 coronary artery plaque with superimposed platelet deposition, with or without additional @entity715 formation, is invariably responsible for a prolonged episode of @entity951 at rest, increasing frequency of @entity951 at rest, or with minimal exertion of less than 4 weeks in duration and early postinfarction @entity951 . Plaque progression, rather than plaque fissuring, is the most likely mechanism for progressive reduction in walking distance due to @entity951 in @entity1 who previously have stable @entity951 . @entity3361 is responsible for @entity5135 , but its exact role in other forms of @entity1459 is unknown. The mainstay of treatment of @entity1459 (prolonged episode of @entity951 at rest and recent onset @entity951 at rest, or with minimal exertion with a crescendo pattern) is @entity117 , heparin, or both. Both @entity117 and intravenous (i.v.) heparin or their combination reduce early mortality and the incidence of @entity583 in @entity1 hospitalized with @entity1459 . However, these agents do not promptly relieve @entity662 . There are no placebo-controlled studies evaluating the usefulness of @entity3362 in @entity1459 . In open-label studies, continuous therapy with i.v. @entity1242 (NTG) for 24 hours or longer has been shown to relieve @entity662 in @entity1 with @entity1459 refractory to therapy with other antianginal agents, including long-acting nitrates. Recurrence of @entity662 in @entity1 receiving i.v. NTG is a common problem and probably represents development of pharmacologic tolerance, but this can be overridden by dose escalation; protracted tolerance during short-term use of i.v. NTG is usually not a problem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nitrates for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5135 :: ('MESH:C536421', 'Disease') :: ["Prinzmetal's variant angina"]

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['rest angina', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous clinical syndromes']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: We found that @entity1 monocytes differentiate into macrophages (Mp) by @entity2841 and @entity6824 . The Mp induced by @entity2841 and @entity6824 are different in their morphology, @entity3058 expression and functions. In the course of that study, we found that @entity3646 modulate the differentiation of monocytes induced by @entity2841 and @entity6824 . @entity3646 alone did not induce the proliferation and differentiation of monocytes. @entity3646 , however, inhibited the proliferative response of monocytes to @entity2841 . When monocytes were incubated with @entity2841 and @entity3646 simultaneously, the cells recovered were non-adherent, non-phagocytic, and did not form rosette with EA. The cells were also negative in nonspecific esterase and showed an appearance of dendritic cells (DC). The DC-like cells expressed @entity4897 , DR, DQ and @entity2935 , but not @entity5750 , @entity8282 and 710F. The cells showed strong APC activity in alogeneic and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). When monocytes were incubated with @entity6824 and @entity3646 , TRAP positive multinucleated giant cells appeared. Taken together, these results suggest that @entity3646 is a principal factor that control the differential development of @entity1 monocytes into DC and multinucleated giant cells.

title: [Differentiation and function of XXXX monocytes].

entities_list: @entity3058 :: ('963', 'Gene') :: ['cell surface antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Embolization is a well-established technique that facilitates the subsequent surgical @entity5 such as @entity18871 . However, there is risk of a neurological accident during angiography and @entity5 embolization from the internal carotid artery. Direct intratumoral embolization may help prevent these potential side effects. METHOD: A group of 7 @entity1 with @entity18871 vascularized through the branches of the internal carotid artery underwent direct tumoral embolization under general anesthesia. An injection made slowly with an intranasal or lateral percutaneous route with either a mixture of @entity3080 , lipiodal, and @entity5335 powder. Continuous radiographic control was used. RESULTS: This technique induced a marked devascularization and @entity39 of the @entity5 . The technique provided useful perioperative visualization of the @entity5 . No neurologic sequelae were encountered. CONCLUSION: Direct intratumoral embolization deserves further consideration. This might be especially important in @entity5 with extracranial extension, cavernous sinus involvement, or those with small or multiple recurrences.

title: Direct intratumoral embolization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5335 :: ('MESH:D014414', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of vascularized tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile angiofibroma']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['juvenile angiofibroma']


abstract: A series of @entity14 from an Asian population in Singapore were analyzed for mutations in the @entity5 suppressor gene @entity876 . Based on single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis and direct DNA sequencing, 15 of 38 @entity5 (39%) were found to contain mutations in exons 5-8 of the @entity876 gene. The point mutations were predominantly base transitions. Among the 10 transitions, 5 were at CpG dinucleotide sites. One-third (5/15) of the mutations were found at previously identified hotspot codons 175, 248 and 282. In one case, an insertion of a 6-base pair sequence was found. @entity876 mutations did not correlate with @entity5 histological grade, @entity5 , or @entity3 . However, @entity5 at the distal site showed a higher proportion of mutations than the proximal site. Further, no mutation was found in the normal mucosa adjacent to @entity5 site, suggesting that no germ-line mutations were present. The results were compared with those from other studies and are discussed in connection to possible etiological factors that are specific to the local population.

title: Characterization of XXXX gene mutations in @entity14 from an Asian population.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', "Dukes' stage", 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: A series of @entity14 from an Asian population in Singapore were analyzed for mutations in the @entity5 suppressor gene @entity876 . Based on single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis and direct DNA sequencing, 15 of 38 @entity5 (39%) were found to contain mutations in exons 5-8 of the @entity876 gene. The point mutations were predominantly base transitions. Among the 10 transitions, 5 were at CpG dinucleotide sites. One-third (5/15) of the mutations were found at previously identified hotspot codons 175, 248 and 282. In one case, an insertion of a 6-base pair sequence was found. @entity876 mutations did not correlate with @entity5 histological grade, @entity5 , or @entity3 . However, @entity5 at the distal site showed a higher proportion of mutations than the proximal site. Further, no mutation was found in the normal mucosa adjacent to @entity5 site, suggesting that no germ-line mutations were present. The results were compared with those from other studies and are discussed in connection to possible etiological factors that are specific to the local population.

title: Characterization of @entity876 gene mutations in XXXX from an Asian population.

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinomas']


abstract: To determine the indications of body position, continuous positive airway pressure and independent lung ventilation in @entity358 , we turned 10 @entity1 with overwhelming @entity358 from supine to lateral position. All @entity1 were breathing spontaneously with a mask, then associated with continuous airway pressure (10 cm @entity2507 PEEP) in five cases. During these spontaneous ventilation methods, hemodynamic parameters did not change, but arterial blood @entity26 tension increased and intra-pulmonary shunting decreased significantly. Final recovery was obtained in 7 cases. In the 3 others, mechanical ventilation was needed because spontaneous breathing methods were ineffective in improving blood gases. Lateral position and conventional ventilation with positive airway pressure were also ineffective. Only independent ventilation enhanced arterial blood @entity26 tension. But only one @entity1 survived. We conclude that spontaneous breathing methods are able to provide successful treatment in most of @entity1 with @entity358 . In other @entity1 , only independent lung ventilation is effective.

title: [Management of unilateral or asymmetrical XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral lung disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung disease']


abstract: The aim of this article is to consider how a large quantity of @entity972 (K+) can be excreted without the development of @entity4144 . The hypothesis will focus on interactions between K+ and @entity3157 - primarily within the kidneys. It is speculated that the absorption of K+ from the gastrointestinal tract is accompanied by an initial addition of @entity3157 - to the body; this in turn could, via intrarenal events, promote the delivery of @entity3157 - to the cortical collecting duct (CCD), where interactions may permit the development of a very high rate of excretion of K+. To test one portion of this hypothesis, studies were performed in @entity742 because they normally consume approximately 10-fold more K+ per kilogram body weight than do @entity1 . In the absence of a significant degree of anabolism, there is only a limited potential to shift K+ acutely into cells. Hence, an extremely large capacity to excrete K+ is required to avoid a severe degree of @entity4144 . The excretion of K+ depends primarily on the ability to have a sustained rise in the (K) in each liter of luminal fluid exiting the CCD to very high levels and to have a large number of liters of fluid exit the terminal CCD while antidiuretic hormone is acting. A reasonable approximation of this CCD flow rate can be obtained by examining the osmole excretion rate when @entity6085 acts. Because these @entity742 excreted 1,650 mosmol (2 L x 827 mosm/kg @entity2507 ) per day, a minimum estimate for volume delivery out of the CCD is 5 to 6 L/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX excretion: a story that is easy to digest.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: The nfe genes located on the large plasmid pRmeGR4b are involved in the nodulation efficiency and competitiveness of @entity16258 GR4 on alfalfa roots. One hundred twenty-eight base-pairs downstream of nfe2 gene we found an open reading frame designated ORFC, 970 bp long and potentially coding for a 320 @entity535 long protein. The @entity535 sequence of the putatively encoded ORFC product shows similarity with @entity7222 cyclodeaminase (OCD) of @entity3261 an unusual enzyme that converts @entity7222 into @entity1521 . The gene product of ORFC was identified as a 37-kDa protein by in vitro-coupled transcription-translation and in vivo by the T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system. DNA hybridization studies showed that strain GR4 carries a single copy of the ocd-like gene. No homologous sequences to GR4 ORFC DNA were found in other @entity16258 strains or Rhizobium spp. assayed. Furthermore, a GR4 derivative mutant obtained by plasmid disruption of ORFC showed an impaired nodulation efficiency as compared to that of the wild-type strain GR4. Thus, the former locus should be considered a novel nfe gene. We propose to rename the nfe genes, nfe1, 2 and ORFC as nfeA, B, and D, respectively.

title: Identification of a novel XXXX nodulation efficiency nfe gene homolog of @entity3261 @entity7222 cyclodeaminase.

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity16258 :: ('382', 'Species') :: ['R. meliloti', 'Rhizobium meliloti']

answer: @entity16258 :: (382,Species) :: ['Rhizobium meliloti']


abstract: The nfe genes located on the large plasmid pRmeGR4b are involved in the nodulation efficiency and competitiveness of @entity16258 GR4 on alfalfa roots. One hundred twenty-eight base-pairs downstream of nfe2 gene we found an open reading frame designated ORFC, 970 bp long and potentially coding for a 320 @entity535 long protein. The @entity535 sequence of the putatively encoded ORFC product shows similarity with @entity7222 cyclodeaminase (OCD) of @entity3261 an unusual enzyme that converts @entity7222 into @entity1521 . The gene product of ORFC was identified as a 37-kDa protein by in vitro-coupled transcription-translation and in vivo by the T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system. DNA hybridization studies showed that strain GR4 carries a single copy of the ocd-like gene. No homologous sequences to GR4 ORFC DNA were found in other @entity16258 strains or Rhizobium spp. assayed. Furthermore, a GR4 derivative mutant obtained by plasmid disruption of ORFC showed an impaired nodulation efficiency as compared to that of the wild-type strain GR4. Thus, the former locus should be considered a novel nfe gene. We propose to rename the nfe genes, nfe1, 2 and ORFC as nfeA, B, and D, respectively.

title: Identification of a novel @entity16258 nodulation efficiency nfe gene homolog of XXXX @entity7222 cyclodeaminase.

answer: @entity3261 :: (358,Species) :: ['Agrobacterium']


abstract: The nfe genes located on the large plasmid pRmeGR4b are involved in the nodulation efficiency and competitiveness of @entity16258 GR4 on alfalfa roots. One hundred twenty-eight base-pairs downstream of nfe2 gene we found an open reading frame designated ORFC, 970 bp long and potentially coding for a 320 @entity535 long protein. The @entity535 sequence of the putatively encoded ORFC product shows similarity with @entity7222 cyclodeaminase (OCD) of @entity3261 an unusual enzyme that converts @entity7222 into @entity1521 . The gene product of ORFC was identified as a 37-kDa protein by in vitro-coupled transcription-translation and in vivo by the T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system. DNA hybridization studies showed that strain GR4 carries a single copy of the ocd-like gene. No homologous sequences to GR4 ORFC DNA were found in other @entity16258 strains or Rhizobium spp. assayed. Furthermore, a GR4 derivative mutant obtained by plasmid disruption of ORFC showed an impaired nodulation efficiency as compared to that of the wild-type strain GR4. Thus, the former locus should be considered a novel nfe gene. We propose to rename the nfe genes, nfe1, 2 and ORFC as nfeA, B, and D, respectively.

title: Identification of a novel @entity16258 nodulation efficiency nfe gene homolog of @entity3261 XXXX cyclodeaminase.

answer: @entity7222 :: (CHEBI:18257,Chemical) :: ['ornithine']


abstract: A series of 55 @entity1 treated with posterior Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation and osteosynthesis for unstable thoracolumbar spine @entity174 were reviewed. Follow-up averaged 48.3 months. The @entity174 were all unstable, with 27 classified as @entity174 ( @entity174 ) and 28 classified as flexion compression injuries or unstable @entity174 (FC/B). The study population was composed of 29 @entity1 and 26 @entity1 with an average age of 31 (range 20-45) years. Mechanisms of injuries included 35 motor vehicle accidents, 19 falls, and one blunt @entity130 . No case worsened as a result of surgery, and 31% of the cases improved an average of 0.5 Frankel grade (range 0-2). Sixty percent of @entity1 were braced with a custom molded thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) fitted after surgical stabilization. Minor complications occurred in 45% of the cases ( @entity293 most common). There was a singular deep wound @entity281 and another iliac crest donor site @entity281 . There were no instrument failures or @entity1516 . Radiographic analysis showed the following improvements in @entity3814 , and @entity174 . The pattern of radiographic improvement in the @entity174 and FC/B subgroups showed significant improvement in each parameter when comparing preoperative to immediate postoperative values. Of importance, the radiographic findings comparing 1 month to the final follow-up showed little to no deterioration. Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation proved to be a highly effective device for immediate restabilization of unstable thoracolumbar injuries.

title: Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation and thoracolumbar spine XXXX : a review of 55 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture-dislocations', 'burst fractures', 'fracture displacement', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['fracture angle, vertebral body compression']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthroses']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Several types of pedicular screw systems have been utilized to augment lumbar spine fusion. All systems are made of stainless steel, which interferes with imaging techniques, especially MRI and CT scans. In search of a solution for this problem, we decided to study the use of @entity702 systems in the lumbar spine. Because there were no @entity702 pedicle screw systems available on the market, we decided to use the @entity702 Alta system currently used for femur @entity174 . This report details our experience in using this device for lumbar spine fusion. From 1990 to 1992, 25 @entity1 underwent @entity1514 and lumbar fusion with Alta @entity702 screws and plates. Spinal fusion was performed for a variety of conditions, including @entity3 , @entity174 , spondylolisthesis, @entity1516 , and postdecompressive instability. All but two @entity1 obtained solid fusion clinically and radiographically and considerable improvement in back @entity158 . There was loosening of the implant in both @entity1 . Both @entity1 had @entity170 . One of these two @entity1 developed @entity1516 , which required further surgery. The other @entity1 with a @entity3 of the spine remained asymptomatic without change in the spine alignment despite progression of the @entity5 . There were no broken screws encountered during follow-up. Two @entity1 sustained subsequent @entity174 of the vertebra above the fusion. One of the @entity1 also developed a @entity174 below the fusion. Fusion with @entity702 implants allowed postoperative evaluation and subsequent periodic examination of the spinal canal with high-quality MR images as well as significant reduction of artifacts on CT scan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Use of XXXX implants in pedicular screw fixation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity9374 ( @entity9374 ) continues to be an underestimated disease with a lack of strict classification and diagnostic criteria. We present the analysis of a case series of 60 oral @entity9374 @entity1 from 2 centers and illustrate the range of oral clinical presentations. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical data from 60 @entity9374 @entity1 with oral involvement, diagnosed and treated between 1982 and 2014, were retrospectively collected from the archives of 2 independent hospitals. Statistical analyses of the data were performed using the Pearson   -squared test and the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULT: Thirty-one @entity1 (51.7%) were male and 29 (48.3%) were female, with a mean (  SD) age of 37.9  years (  18.1). The frequency of previous occurrences ranged from 0 to 10 (mean      SD: 1.4      2.0). Twenty-nine @entity1 (48%) had no previous occurrence. Medications (particularly antipyretics, food additives, and antibiotics) were the suspected precipitants in 28 @entity1 (46.7%), @entity2025 was suspected in 18 (30.0%). All but 1 @entity1 had involvement of multiple oral sites, with the buccal mucosa being the most commonly involved oral site (75%), followed by the vermillion border (71.7%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity9374 may present initially to oral health care workers. Medications and herpes simplex virus continue to be the most typically involved precipitating factors. Our data highlight the additional role of food-derived antigens. Although laboratory tests can provide support diagnostically, @entity9374 diagnosis continues to be based on clinical features. A medication and food diary should be encouraged particularly in @entity1 with recurrent forms.

title: Oral XXXX : trends and clinical findings of a large retrospective European case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['whereas herpes simplex virus infection']

entities_list: @entity9374 :: ('MESH:D004892', 'Disease') :: ['EM', 'Erythema multiforme']

answer: @entity9374 :: (MESH:D004892,Disease) :: ['erythema multiforme']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer care nursing is perceived as personally and professionally demanding. Developing effective coping skills and resilience has been associated with better health and wellbeing for nurses, work longevity and improved quality of @entity1 care. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this systematic review was to identify personal and organizational strategies that promote coping and resilience in oncology and palliative care nurses caring for adult @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The search strategy identified published and unpublished studies from 2007 to 2013. Individual search strategies were developed for the 12 databases accessed and search alerts established. The review considered qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies that assessed personal or organizational interventions, programs or strategies that promoted coping and resilience. These included studies employing clinical supervision, staff retreats, psycho-educational programs, compassion @entity1295 resilience programs, stress inoculation therapy and individual approaches that reduced the emotional impact of @entity5 care work. The outcomes of interest were the experience of factors that influence an individual's coping and resilience and outcomes of validated measures of coping or resilience. Methodological quality of studies was independently assessed by two reviewers prior to inclusion in the review using standardized critical appraisal instruments developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Standardized Joanna Briggs Institute tools were also used to extract data. Agreement on the synthesis of the findings from qualitative studies was reached through discussion. The results of quantitative studies could not be statistically pooled given the different study designs, interventions and outcome measures. These studies were presented in narrative form. RESULTS: Twenty studies were included in the review. Ten studies examined the experience of nurse's caring for the dying, the emotional impact of palliative care and oncology work and strategies to prevent burnout or avoid compassion @entity1295 , challenges in self-care, and processes nurses adopted to cope with work related stress. Six studies evaluated different interventions provided by organizations to improve coping and resilience. Evidence for the effectiveness of interventions was limited to three studies. The results are discussed under four headings: (i) preventative measures (ii) control measures (iii) unburdening and "letting go", and (iv) growing and thriving. CONCLUSION: This review identified a number of strategies to better prepare nurses for practice and maintain their psychological wellbeing. Although no firm conclusions can be drawn in respect to the most effective interventions, strategies with merit included those that: a) foster connections within the team; b) provide education and training to develop behaviors that assist in controlling or limiting the intensity of stress, or aiding recovery; and c) assist in processing emotion and learning from experiences. Although individuals must take responsibility for developing personal strategies to assist coping and resilience, organizational support is integral to equipping individuals to deal with work related challenges. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: A range of formal and informal support is required to promote coping and resilience. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: There is a need for large, well designed, multisite, experimental studies to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that promote coping and resilience in adult palliative care or oncology nurses.

title: Strategies to promote coping and resilience in oncology and palliative care nurses caring for adult @entity1 with XXXX : a comprehensive systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer care nursing is perceived as personally and professionally demanding. Developing effective coping skills and resilience has been associated with better health and wellbeing for nurses, work longevity and improved quality of @entity1 care. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this systematic review was to identify personal and organizational strategies that promote coping and resilience in oncology and palliative care nurses caring for adult @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The search strategy identified published and unpublished studies from 2007 to 2013. Individual search strategies were developed for the 12 databases accessed and search alerts established. The review considered qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies that assessed personal or organizational interventions, programs or strategies that promoted coping and resilience. These included studies employing clinical supervision, staff retreats, psycho-educational programs, compassion @entity1295 resilience programs, stress inoculation therapy and individual approaches that reduced the emotional impact of @entity5 care work. The outcomes of interest were the experience of factors that influence an individual's coping and resilience and outcomes of validated measures of coping or resilience. Methodological quality of studies was independently assessed by two reviewers prior to inclusion in the review using standardized critical appraisal instruments developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Standardized Joanna Briggs Institute tools were also used to extract data. Agreement on the synthesis of the findings from qualitative studies was reached through discussion. The results of quantitative studies could not be statistically pooled given the different study designs, interventions and outcome measures. These studies were presented in narrative form. RESULTS: Twenty studies were included in the review. Ten studies examined the experience of nurse's caring for the dying, the emotional impact of palliative care and oncology work and strategies to prevent burnout or avoid compassion @entity1295 , challenges in self-care, and processes nurses adopted to cope with work related stress. Six studies evaluated different interventions provided by organizations to improve coping and resilience. Evidence for the effectiveness of interventions was limited to three studies. The results are discussed under four headings: (i) preventative measures (ii) control measures (iii) unburdening and "letting go", and (iv) growing and thriving. CONCLUSION: This review identified a number of strategies to better prepare nurses for practice and maintain their psychological wellbeing. Although no firm conclusions can be drawn in respect to the most effective interventions, strategies with merit included those that: a) foster connections within the team; b) provide education and training to develop behaviors that assist in controlling or limiting the intensity of stress, or aiding recovery; and c) assist in processing emotion and learning from experiences. Although individuals must take responsibility for developing personal strategies to assist coping and resilience, organizational support is integral to equipping individuals to deal with work related challenges. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: A range of formal and informal support is required to promote coping and resilience. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH: There is a need for large, well designed, multisite, experimental studies to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that promote coping and resilience in adult palliative care or oncology nurses.

title: Strategies to promote coping and resilience in oncology and palliative care nurses caring for adult XXXX with @entity5 : a comprehensive systematic review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify clinical and imaging features associated with complete response (CR) to first session of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with drug-eluting beads (DEB) in @entity1 with @entity157 . METHODS: In this prospective historical cohort, 172 @entity1 with 315 @entity5 who received at least one DEB-TACE from 2007 to 2013 were studied. Imaging response was evaluated according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (mRECIST). Age, gender, aetiology of @entity82 , @entity1 and BCLC scores, particles size, location in the liver, size of the @entity5 , presence of a capsule, hypervascularisation on DSA and CT/MRI scans, and blush extinction were analysed. RESULTS: After one session of treatment, CR was observed in 36  % of the 315 @entity5 treated. Nodule size, location in the liver, and complete blush extinction on DSA was statistically correlated to complete response, whereas capsule aspect on imaging and demographic criteria were not. In multivariate analysis only, location in the liver and nodule size were significant features. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 location in the segments 1 and 4 is a pejorative factor for CR, whereas @entity5 size <5  cm is a positive predictive factor. These criteria could, therefore, be taken into consideration to improve the selection of @entity1 for DEB-TACE. KEY POINTS:     Literature on predictive factors of complete response after DEB-TACE is under-studied.     @entity5 size <5  cm is associated with complete response.     Location in segments 1 or 4 is a pejorative factor for response.     No demographic parameter influences complete response.

title: Predictive factors for complete response of chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: 1. The effects of alterations in @entity551 ( @entity551 ), as induced by vasoactive drugs, on heart rate (HR), basal @entity1063 concentration and electrically evoked @entity1063 overflow and on blood flow in the portal vein of freely moving @entity35 , were investigated. 2. By infusion of @entity1854 or @entity2647 (0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1), @entity551 was altered over a range of 50 to 150 mmHg. The resulting changes in HR showed a sigmoidal relationship with @entity551 . @entity1063 overflow increased linearly when @entity551 was decreased; when @entity551 was increased, however, @entity1063 levels only decreased to 70% and reached a plateau from 125 mmHg onwards. 3. @entity1854 (2.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1) and @entity7284 (0.25 mg kg-1) decreased @entity551 to the same extent (-46 mmHg). HR and basal @entity1063 concentration, however, were increased to a higher extent by @entity7284 (+192 beats min-1; +373 pg ml-1, respectively) than by @entity1854 (+78 beats min-1; +206 pg ml-1, respectively). Electrically evoked overflow was not changed at all after @entity1854 , whereas @entity7284 induced an increase to 206% of control. 4. @entity2647 (2.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1) and @entity1808 ) increased @entity551 to the same extent (to 155 and 161 mmHg, respectively). Basal @entity1063 concentration decreased by 30% after @entity2647 , whereas @entity1808 increased @entity1063 levels to 226% of control. Evoked @entity1063 overflow was not changed after @entity2647 but was increased to 204% of control after @entity1808 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of the baroreceptor reflex on the modulation of XXXX overflow through prejunctional receptors in the portal vein of freely moving @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside', 'Nitroprusside', 'nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1808 :: ('24179(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'angiotensin II (1 microgram kg-1 min-1']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['mean arterial blood pressure', 'MAP']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine', 'phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']


abstract: 1. The effects of alterations in @entity551 ( @entity551 ), as induced by vasoactive drugs, on heart rate (HR), basal @entity1063 concentration and electrically evoked @entity1063 overflow and on blood flow in the portal vein of freely moving @entity35 , were investigated. 2. By infusion of @entity1854 or @entity2647 (0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1), @entity551 was altered over a range of 50 to 150 mmHg. The resulting changes in HR showed a sigmoidal relationship with @entity551 . @entity1063 overflow increased linearly when @entity551 was decreased; when @entity551 was increased, however, @entity1063 levels only decreased to 70% and reached a plateau from 125 mmHg onwards. 3. @entity1854 (2.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1) and @entity7284 (0.25 mg kg-1) decreased @entity551 to the same extent (-46 mmHg). HR and basal @entity1063 concentration, however, were increased to a higher extent by @entity7284 (+192 beats min-1; +373 pg ml-1, respectively) than by @entity1854 (+78 beats min-1; +206 pg ml-1, respectively). Electrically evoked overflow was not changed at all after @entity1854 , whereas @entity7284 induced an increase to 206% of control. 4. @entity2647 (2.5 micrograms kg-1 min-1) and @entity1808 ) increased @entity551 to the same extent (to 155 and 161 mmHg, respectively). Basal @entity1063 concentration decreased by 30% after @entity2647 , whereas @entity1808 increased @entity1063 levels to 226% of control. Evoked @entity1063 overflow was not changed after @entity2647 but was increased to 204% of control after @entity1808 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of the baroreceptor reflex on the modulation of @entity1063 overflow through prejunctional receptors in the portal vein of freely moving XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whilst many recent reports have suggested a rise in the prevalence of @entity565 and @entity56 in Western countries, little is known about the epidemiology of these common conditions in south-east Asia. This study compared the prevalence of @entity565 and @entity56 amongst secondary school students in three south-east Asian populations--Hong Kong, Kota Kinabalu in Malaysia, and San Bu in China--and investigated the associations with atopy and family history. METHODS: Secondary school students were given standard questionnaires on respiratory and @entity56 for completion by parents with response rates of 89.2% in Hong Kong (611 male, 451 female; mean (SD) age = 13.9 (1.8 years), 87.6% in Kota Kinabalu (134 male, 275 female; 15.5 (2.1) years), and 98.6% in San Bu (492 male, 245 female; 16.4 (1.8) years). Skin tests were performed in a subsample of students to determine @entity1097 status. RESULTS: The respective prevalence (and 95% CI) for @entity2023 , @entity484 , and wheeze or @entity565 were 15.7% (13.5, 17.9), 20.1% (17.7, 22.5), 11.6% (9.3, 13.9) in Hong Kong, 11.2% (8.2, 14.3), 7.6% (5.0, 10.1), 8.2% (5.5, 10.9) in Kota Kinabalu, and 2.1% (1.2, 3.1), 7.2% (5.4, 9.1), 1.9% (0.7, 3.1) in San Bu. Atopy was common and was present in 49.0-63.9% of subjects in the three populations. Dust mite and cockroach were the commonest allergens that gave positive reactions in 42.8-60.5% and 25.7-35.9% of students respectively. A higher proportion of students in Hong Kong had severe degree of reactivity on skin test than the other two populations. Family history was associated with @entity565 and @entity56 in the three populations conferring a 3-80-fold increase in risk to family members and was a stronger predictor for @entity565 and @entity566 than atopy. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of @entity565 and @entity56 is low compared with Western countries, but considerable differences exist between the three south-east Asian populations despite similar rates of atopy. @entity56 are more strongly associated with family history than atopy, which suggests that genetic and environmental factors common to the family, other than aeroallergen sensitisation, are important in the pathogenesis of @entity565 and @entity566 in the region.

title: Asthma, XXXX , and atopy in three south-east Asian populations.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms', 'allergic disease', 'Asthma and allergic disease']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: Three groups of @entity1 were reviewed. Primary @entity189 were found in donors kidneys of 47 recipients. In 30 instances a @entity5 was present at harvesting. When a @entity5 was removed immediately pretransplantation or early posttransplantation there were no recurrences in 14 recipients. In another two instances, a @entity5 was not removed or was incompletely excised pretransplantation and both recipients died of @entity3 . Fourteen other @entity1 received kidneys from donors in whom the opposite kidney had a @entity5 . Thirteen remained @entity5 -free and one had allograft nephrectomy for rejection 3 months posttransplantation when a @entity189 was found. In 17 recipients an allograft @entity5 was not recognized at harvesting. In 9 it was discovered at graft nephrectomy an average of 3 months posttransplantation. In a tenth @entity1 a hypoechogenic area, found on routine posttransplant ultrasonography, progressively increased in size and proved to be malignant. Another 7 @entity1 developed @entity3 from @entity703 an average of 12 months posttransplantation. Preexisting @entity189 were found in 350 recipients. Seventy-one @entity1 with incidentally discovered @entity5 had no recurrences no matter when nephrectomy was performed in relationship to transplantation. Of 279 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity703 , 70 (25%) had recurrences, 63% of which occurred in @entity1 treated < or = 2 years pretransplantation. @entity5 were found posttransplantation in 256 recipients. @entity703 were 4.6% of posttransplant @entity5 compared with 3% of @entity5 in the general population. In 222 @entity1 their own diseased kidneys were involved, in 24 @entity5 occurred in the allograft, and in 10 cases the site was not stated. Development of @entity5 seemed to be related not to the immunosuppressive therapy but to the underlying cause of @entity177 , especially analgesic @entity8 . A disproportionate number of @entity189 (15%) involved the @entity8 , most likely because of prior analgesic abuse.

title: Primary XXXX before and after renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal pelvis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumor', 'De novo cancers', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Renal carcinomas', 'renal carcinomas', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['kidney tumors']


abstract: Aim. The present study aims to investigate the effects of nourishing "Yin" removing "Fire" (NYRF) @entity1058 on puberty onset and hypothalamic @entity3470 expression in female @entity35 . Materials and Methods. Forty female 20-day-old @entity35 were randomly divided into @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ) and @entity4361 ( @entity4361 ) groups. @entity35 in @entity1058 and @entity4361 were treated with NYRF mixture and @entity4361 , respectively, from d22. @entity35 in each group were sacrificed on d28, d31, and d34. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and @entity53 (E2) levels were analyzed by ELISA. Hypothalamic @entity3470 mRNA expression levels were determined by RT-PCR and hypothalamic p- @entity3470 protein levels were assayed by western blot. Results. The vaginal opening time in @entity1058 group was significantly delayed (P < 0.05). On d31, in comparison with @entity4361 group, the coefficients of uteri and ovaries, levels of serum LH and E2, and the expression levels of hypothalamic @entity3470 mRNA and p- @entity3470 protein were significantly lower in @entity1058 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The mechanism by which the nourishing "Yin" removing "Fire" @entity1058 delays puberty onset may be associated with the inhibition of the hypothalamic @entity3470 signaling.

title: Effect of Nourishing "Yin" Removing "Fire" Chinese Herbal Mixture on Hypothalamic Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Expression during Onset of Puberty in Female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['CHM', 'Chinese herbal mixture']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4361 :: ('MESH:C537354', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'normal saline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of intravenous injections of bacterial endotoxin in broiler chicks. In both experiments 5-weeks-old chicks were given a single intravenous injection of either distilled water (control) or 1 mg/kg @entity526 endotoxin (serotype 0.127:B8) in a volume of 1 mg/kg. In Experiment 1 rectal body temperatures were taken every hour for 24 hr postinjection. In Experiment 2, rectal temperatures and blood samples were taken at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 24 hr following the administration of endotoxin. Hematocrits and plasma @entity413 , protein, @entity1372 , @entity972 , @entity1760 , @entity460 , and inorganic @entity3151 were measured at each time interval. Birds receiving endotoxin showed a significant increase in rectal temperature from 2 hr until 17 hr postinjection. The febrile response was biphasic with temperatures peaking at 3 to 5 hr and again at 9 to 12 hr. No significant changes in hematocrits occurred following endotoxin injection. Plasma protein, @entity972 , and @entity460 decreased significantly, while @entity413 increased significantly after endotoxin administration. No significant changes in plasma @entity1760 , @entity1372 , or inorganic @entity3151 were observed in endotoxin-treated chicks.

title: Rectal temperature and blood chemical responses of young chickens given XXXX endotoxin.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study compared the immunocytochemical expression of @entity172 (ER) and @entity1420 ( @entity7273 ) receptors by malignant breast cells to the hormone receptor concentrations reported from radioligand assays. These values were examined in relation to DNA ploidy and the fraction of cells in S phase. METHODS: ER and @entity7273 concentrations, DNA ploidy, and S-phase fractions were measured by standard techniques with 124 samples of @entity513 . Suspensions of @entity5 cells were examined by immunocytochemical assay (ICA) for the percentages of ER and @entity7273 positive cells. RESULTS: Twenty-six of the 38 @entity5 from @entity1 50 years of age or younger were classified as high S-phase fraction, and 28 @entity5 had aneuploid levels of DNA. The 20 ER positive @entity5 each contained less than 100 fmol/mg. Thirty-nine of the 86 @entity5 from @entity1 older than 50 years were classified as high S phase, and 41 were aneuploid. Sixty-five samples were considered ER positive by radioligand assay. ICA showed that @entity5 in either age group with less than 40 fmol/mg did not contain ER positive cells. The proportion of samples with @entity7273 levels between 10 and 100 fmol/mg was small, and fewer @entity7273 positive @entity5 were categorized as negative when examined by ICA for receptor containing cells. The reclassification of the hormone receptor status of a @entity5 based on @entity6455 appeared to be independent of S-phase and ploidy values. CONCLUSIONS: Tumors that are classified as ER or @entity7273 positive based on accepted cutoff values for radioligand assays may actually be receptor negative because the @entity5 do not appear to contain receptor positive cells.

title: Relationship between low XXXX receptor values and other prognostic factors in primary breast tumors.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ideal method for the surgical treatment of @entity6342 has not yet been found. We therefore conducted a retrospective matched-pair analysis and compared osteosynthesis with open reduction and internal fixation and that with an angular stable plate with minimally invasive, closed reduction, percutaneous fixation with the Humerusblock. METHODS: During a study period of 3  years, we matched 30 @entity1 treated with angular stable plates (group 1) for age, gender, fracture type and handedness (dominant or nondominant) to 30 @entity1 treated using the Humerusblock (group 2). At a minimal follow-up of 24  months, clinical evaluation included the Constant-Murley score, the UCLA score and the Simple Shoulder Test. Subjective @entity158 was evaluated using the VAS @entity158 scale. @entity1 were asked to rate their subjective satisfaction of final outcome as excellent, good, satisfied or dissatisfied. RESULTS: The mean CMS, UCLA score and SST differed significantly between groups 1 and 2 (60.9 vs 71.9, p   <   0.01), (25.1 vs 29.5, p   <   0.01) and (8.1 vs 9.4, p   <   0.05), respectively. The VAS @entity158 score was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 (1.2 vs 2.4; p   <   0.01). The mean abduction (109.7   vs 133.7  ; p   <   0.01) and anterior flexion (128.3   vs 145.7  ; p   <   0.01) were significantly worse in group 1. The mean operation time was significantly shorter in group 2 (117.3 vs 72.1, p   <   0.01). Complications occurred in 30  % (group 1) and 23  % (group 2) of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the functional outcome is superior in the Humerusblock group. However, the general outcome after surgical treatment of 3-and 4-part @entity174 is moderate, and the complication rate has to be considered, even though it can be lowered with the use of minimally invasive implants.

title: Comparison between minimally invasive, percutaneous osteosynthesis and locking plate osteosynthesis in 3-and 4-part proximal humerus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) is widely used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases in the clinic. Increasingly, there is more attention being paid to the side effect of @entity9170 . In this study, we investigated the involvement and mechanism of @entity9170 exposure in accelerating mineralization during long bone formation. We first determined that @entity9170 exposure could accelerate long bone mineralization in  vivo, but there was no apparent difference between control and @entity9170 -treated in the phalanges model in  vitro. Next, we established that @entity9170 exposure promoted angiogenesis in the @entity1573 yolk sac membrane model. In addition, it increased @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation and migration in culture. We found that @entity9170 could enhance angiogenesis when phalanges were cultured on @entity1573 chorioallantoic membrane and correspondingly increased the expression of angiogenesis-related genes in the phalanges. Furthermore, we also revealed that @entity9170 exposure reduced the number of osteoblasts and simultaneously increased the number of osteocytes in ex vivo-cultured phalanges. @entity57830 and @entity57831 expressions were up-regulated by @entity9170 exposure, indicating that @entity9170 exposure accelerated the terminal differentiation of osteoblasts. Lastly, we demonstrated that @entity19 cells cultured in the presence of @entity9170 accelerated their mineralization. In summary, we have shown that the ability of @entity9170 to initiate angiogenesis is the mechanism that allows it to accelerate mineralization during long bone formation.

title: XXXX Exposure Accelerates Endochondral Ossification of @entity1573 Embryos Via Angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']