abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 survivors are commonly left with disabilities that impair activities of daily living. The main objective of their rehabilitation program is to maximize the functional performance at home. However, the actual performance of @entity1 in their home environment is unknown. Therefore, objective evaluation of daily life activities of @entity64 survivors in their physical interaction with the environment is essential for optimal guidance of rehabilitation therapy. Monitoring daily life movements could be very challenging, as it may result in large amounts of data, without any context. Therefore, suitable metrics are necessary to quantify relevant aspects of movement performance during daily life. The objective of this study is to develop data processing methods, which can be used to process movement data into relevant metrics for the evaluation of intra- @entity1 differences in quality of movements in a daily life setting. METHODS: Based on an iterative requirement process, functional and technical requirements were formulated. These were prioritized resulting in a coherent set of metrics. An activity monitor was developed to give context to captured movement data at home. Finally, the metrics will be demonstrated in two @entity64 @entity1 during and after their rehabilitation phases. RESULTS: By using the final set of metrics, quality of movement can be evaluated in a daily life setting. As example to demonstrate potential of presented methods, data of two @entity64 @entity1 were successfully analyzed. Differences between in-clinic measurements and measurements during daily life are observed by applying the presented metrics and visualization methods. Heel height profiles show intra- @entity1 differences in height, distance, stride profile, and variability between strides during a 10-m walk test in the clinic and walking at home. Differences in distance and stride profile between both feet were larger at home, than in clinic. For the upper extremities, the @entity1 was able to reach further away from the pelvis and cover a larger area. DISCUSSION: Presented methods can be used for the objective evaluation of intra- @entity1 differences in movement quality between in-clinic and daily life measurements. Any observed progression or deterioration of movement quality could be used to decide on continuing, stopping, or adjusting rehabilitation programs.

title: Objective Evaluation of the Quality of Movement in Daily Life after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: @entity439 repair has been associated with changes in arterial stiffness, as estimated by pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ). This marker is influenced by the medical status of the @entity1 , the elastic characteristics of the @entity439 wall, and the presence of intraluminal @entity715 . Therefore, in order to delineate the influence of the endograft implantation in the early post-operative period, we conducted non-invasively pulse wave analysis in a male @entity1 with an @entity1028 containing no intraluminal @entity715 , unremarkable past medical history, and absence of @entity3657 . The estimated parameters were the systolic and diastolic pressure calculated at the aortic level (central pressures), @entity122 , augmentation pressure (AP) and augmentation index (AI), pressure wave reflection magnitude (RM), and peripheral resistance. Central systolic and diastolic pressure decreased post-operatively. @entity122 showed subtle changes from 11.6 to 10.6 and 10.9   m/s at 1-week and 1-month, respectively. Accordingly, the AI decreased from 28 to 14% and continued to drop to 25%. The AP decreased gradually from 15 to 6 and 4   mmHg. The wave RM dropped from 68 to 52% at 1-month. Finally, the peripheral resistance dropped from 1.41 to 0.99 and 0.85   dyn   *   s   *   cm(-5). Our example shows that the implantation of an aortic endograft can modify the pressure wave reflection over the aortic bifurcation without causing significant alterations in @entity122 .

title: Non-Invasive Pulse Wave Analysis in a XXXX after Implantation of a Nitinol Aortic Endograft.

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'Endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Thrombus-Free Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: @entity15133 is confined in tropical and subtropical regions, which can cause life-threatening disease. It is the only @entity15133 species that is pathogenic to @entity1 . Because of its rarity, clinicians often do not appreciate its importance when it is isolated. We report a fulminate fatal case of @entity15134 @entity2259 in a 20-year-old male Taiwanese. The clinical manifestations were @entity221 and @entity490 , followed by @entity1151 . Emergent laparotomy identified @entity697 with @entity397 . Flomoxef @entity1372 was administered immediately. However, his condition deteriorated rapidly and he died within 48 h after the onset of illness. Two sets of blood culture yielded @entity15134 . Physicians should be aware of the occurrence of this infection in summer season.

title: @entity15133 XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['shock and pulmonary septic embolism']

entities_list: @entity15133 :: ('536', 'Species') :: ['Chromobacterium violaceum', 'Chromobacterium']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: @entity15133 is confined in tropical and subtropical regions, which can cause life-threatening disease. It is the only @entity15133 species that is pathogenic to @entity1 . Because of its rarity, clinicians often do not appreciate its importance when it is isolated. We report a fulminate fatal case of @entity15134 @entity2259 in a 20-year-old male Taiwanese. The clinical manifestations were @entity221 and @entity490 , followed by @entity1151 . Emergent laparotomy identified @entity697 with @entity397 . Flomoxef @entity1372 was administered immediately. However, his condition deteriorated rapidly and he died within 48 h after the onset of illness. Two sets of blood culture yielded @entity15134 . Physicians should be aware of the occurrence of this infection in summer season.

title: XXXX @entity2259 : a case report.

answer: @entity15133 :: (536,Species) :: ['Chromobacterium violaceum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of denervating duration on the surgical outcome of laryngeal reinnervation in @entity1 with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). METHODS: The charts of 467 consecutive @entity1 with UVFP were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative data, including videostroboscopy, perceptual evaluation of voice (GRBAS scale), acoustic analysis, maximum phonation time (MPT) and laryngeal reinnervation were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify possible influential factors including the age of @entity1 , gender, degree of @entity128 and duration of @entity128 . Then stratification analysis was performed on the variable-duration of @entity128 , to study how the duration of @entity128 could affect the surgical outcome of laryngeal reinnervation. RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the age of @entity1 , degree of @entity128 and duration of @entity128 were significant variables. Stratification analysis on duration of @entity128 demonstrated that in each subgroup postoperative data were significantly improved. When compared among the three subgroups, postoperative data in group with a duration of 6-12 months and group with a duration 12-24 months were significantly better than group with a duration more than 24 months. However, there were no significant differences between group with a duration of 6-12 months and 12-24 months. CONCLUSION: Surgical outcome of laryngeal reinnervation is better in @entity1 those with a duration of @entity128 less than 2 years than in those with a duration of @entity128 more than 2 years.

title: [Effect of denervating duration on the surgical outcome of laryngeal reinnervation in XXXX with unilateral vocal fold paralysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits RANKL, a protein essential for osteoclast formation, function, and survival. Osteoclast inhibition with denosumab decreased bone resorption, increased @entity79 ( @entity79 ), and reduced @entity174 risk in @entity3604 @entity1 . The effects of 16months of continuous osteoclast inhibition on bone strength parameters were examined in adult ovariectomized (OVX) @entity5434 (cynos). One month after surgery, OVX cynos (n=14-20/group) were treated monthly with subcutaneous vehicle (OVX-Veh) or denosumab (25 or 50mg/kg). Sham-operated controls were treated with vehicle (n=17). OVX-Veh exhibited early and persistent increases in the resorption marker CTx, followed by similar increases in the formation marker BSAP, consistent with @entity79 . Denosumab reduced CTx and BSAP throughout the study to levels significantly lower than in OVX-Veh or Sham-Veh, consistent with reduced remodeling. Increased remodeling in OVX-Veh led to absolute declines in areal @entity79 of 4.3-7.4% at the lumbar spine, total hip, femur neck, and distal radius (all p<0.05 vs baseline). Denosumab significantly increased aBMD at each site to levels exceeding baseline or OVX-Veh controls, and denosumab significantly increased cortical vBMC of the central radius and tibia by 7% and 14% (respectively) relative to OVX-Veh. Destructive biomechanical testing revealed that both doses of denosumab were associated with significantly greater peak load for femur neck (+19-34%), L3-L4 vertebral bodies (+54-55%), and L5-L6 cancellous cores (+69-82%) compared with OVX-Veh. Direct assessment of bone tissue material properties at cortical sites revealed no significant changes with denosumab. For all sites analyzed biomechanically, bone mass (BMC) and strength (load) exhibited strong linear correlations (r(2)=0.59-0.85 for all groups combined). Denosumab did not alter slopes of load-BMC regressions at any site, and denosumab groups exhibited similar or greater load values at given BMC values compared with OVX-Veh or Sham. In summary, denosumab markedly reduced biochemical markers of bone remodeling and increased cortical and trabecular bone mass in adult OVX cynos. Denosumab improved structural bone strength parameters at all sites analyzed, and strength remained highly correlated with bone mass. There was no evidence for reduced material strength properties of cortical bone with denosumab over this time period, which approximates to 4years of remodeling in the slower-remodeling adult @entity1 skeleton. These data indicate that denosumab increased bone strength by increasing bone mass and preserving bone quality.

title: Denosumab, a fully human RANKL antibody, reduced bone turnover markers and increased trabecular and cortical bone mass, density, and strength in ovariectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'increased bone remodeling', 'BMD']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: MET amplification, protein expression, and splice mutations at exon 14 are known to cause dysregulation of the MET/ @entity11968 pathway. Our study aimed to confirm the relationship among MET amplification, protein expression, and mutations in @entity420 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: MET protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and MET amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were evaluated in 316 surgically resected @entity2220 . @entity1 were divided into 4 groups (IHC-negative/FISH-negative, IHC-negative/FISH-positive, IHC-positive/FISH-negative, and IHC-positive/FISH-positive), and 15-20 @entity5 in each group were randomly selected for mutation analyses to find splice mutations at exon 14. RESULTS: An IHC score of 0-3 was found in 168 (53.2%), 71 (22.5%), 59 (18.7%), and 18 (5.7%) @entity5 , respectively. The mean gene copy number (GCN) was 3.56; MET FISH positivity was detected in 123 (38.9%) samples, and 26 (8.2%) of them were gene amplifications. MET amplification were significantly associated with the IHC score (P<0.001,   (2) test). Splice mutations were identified in only 2 (2.9%) of 70 cases. One had a MET IHC score of 2 and negative FISH without amplification; The other had a MET IHC score of 0 and positive FISH without amplification. MET IHC or FISH results were not prognostic indicators of overall survival in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: There is a significant relationship between MET amplification and protein expression, and selection of @entity5 with amplification using IHC was effective. However, because of its rarity, a selection strategy for mutated @entity5 is implausible using IHC or FISH.

title: MET amplification, protein expression, and mutations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Lifestyle Change Program (LSCP). LSCP was a holistic cardiac rehabilitation (CR) intervention focusing on several psychosocial and biological predictors of @entity301 including @entity308 , hostility, low social support, high perceived stress, low spirituality, low life satisfaction, overall health status and @entity165 levels. Utilising a quasi-experimental design, overall health scores of LSCP @entity1 were compared with those of a control group. To assess differences within-and between- groups, two (programme type)   2 (age)   2 (gender)   2 (time) mixed design ANOVAs were used. Within-group relationships for psychosocial assessments and @entity165 levels were analysed using paired-samples t-tests. Results suggest that there were no significant differences between the LSCP group and the control group with regard to overall health status. However, the LSCP @entity1 reported significantly lower levels of @entity308 and perceived stress, as well as significantly higher levels of life satisfaction and spirituality upon programme completion. In addition, lipid panels changed significantly: A significant decrease in total @entity165 , low-density lipoproteins and @entity1674 , as well as a significant increase in high-density lipoproteins. These trends suggest that holistic CR may be effective at reducing biopsychosocial risk factors for future @entity299 . Future studies, utilising an experimental design, are necessary to determine whether holistic programmes are more effective than traditional programmes in the reduction of cardiac risk factors.

title: Evaluation of a holistic cardiac rehabilitation in the reduction of biopsychosocial risk factors among @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: The purpose of this pilot study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Lifestyle Change Program (LSCP). LSCP was a holistic cardiac rehabilitation (CR) intervention focusing on several psychosocial and biological predictors of @entity301 including @entity308 , hostility, low social support, high perceived stress, low spirituality, low life satisfaction, overall health status and @entity165 levels. Utilising a quasi-experimental design, overall health scores of LSCP @entity1 were compared with those of a control group. To assess differences within-and between- groups, two (programme type)   2 (age)   2 (gender)   2 (time) mixed design ANOVAs were used. Within-group relationships for psychosocial assessments and @entity165 levels were analysed using paired-samples t-tests. Results suggest that there were no significant differences between the LSCP group and the control group with regard to overall health status. However, the LSCP @entity1 reported significantly lower levels of @entity308 and perceived stress, as well as significantly higher levels of life satisfaction and spirituality upon programme completion. In addition, lipid panels changed significantly: A significant decrease in total @entity165 , low-density lipoproteins and @entity1674 , as well as a significant increase in high-density lipoproteins. These trends suggest that holistic CR may be effective at reducing biopsychosocial risk factors for future @entity299 . Future studies, utilising an experimental design, are necessary to determine whether holistic programmes are more effective than traditional programmes in the reduction of cardiac risk factors.

title: Evaluation of a holistic cardiac rehabilitation in the reduction of biopsychosocial risk factors among XXXX with @entity301 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity179 in the locus coeruleus (LC) has been documented in several central nervous system (CNS) @entity179 . In the present study, @entity68 -induced oxidative injury in the LC was investigated in @entity22292 anesthetized @entity35 . Three days after bilateral infusion of @entity68 in the LC, both vertical and horizontal locomotor activities were decreased. Seven days after unilateral infusion of @entity68 , lipid peroxidation was elevated in the infused LC, and the @entity1063 content was depleted in the ipsilateral hippocampus of the brain. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical study demonstrated a reduction in @entity669 hydroxylase-positive neurons in the infused LC. The involvement of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in @entity68 -induced oxidative injury in the LC was investigated. Forty-eight hours after @entity68 infusion, cytosolic cytochrome c was elevated in the infused LC. Moreover, terminal deoxytransferase-mediated @entity1977 -nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells, an indicative of apoptosis, were detected in the infused LC. In an attempt to prevent oxidative injury in the LC, @entity2493 was systemically administered. Intraperitoneal injection of @entity2493 attenuated @entity68 -induced behavioral changes in locomotor activity as well as @entity68 -induced increases in cytosolic cytochrome c and TUNEL-positive cells. Moreover, @entity2493 diminished @entity68 -induced oxidative injury. At the same time, the level of @entity10157 ( @entity10157 ) was elevated in the LC of @entity2493 -treated @entity35 . Our data suggests that oxidative stress because of @entity68 results in apoptosis in the infused LC and causes degeneration of the coeruleohippocampal noradrenergic system in the @entity35 brain. Furthermore, @entity2493 , among other mechanisms, may exert its neuroprotection via up-regulation of @entity10157 levels in CNS.

title: Oxidative injury to the locus coeruleus of @entity35 brain: neuroprotection by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloral-hydrate']

entities_list: @entity10157 :: ('25453(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GDNF', 'glial derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: @entity179 in the locus coeruleus (LC) has been documented in several central nervous system (CNS) @entity179 . In the present study, @entity68 -induced oxidative injury in the LC was investigated in @entity22292 anesthetized @entity35 . Three days after bilateral infusion of @entity68 in the LC, both vertical and horizontal locomotor activities were decreased. Seven days after unilateral infusion of @entity68 , lipid peroxidation was elevated in the infused LC, and the @entity1063 content was depleted in the ipsilateral hippocampus of the brain. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical study demonstrated a reduction in @entity669 hydroxylase-positive neurons in the infused LC. The involvement of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in @entity68 -induced oxidative injury in the LC was investigated. Forty-eight hours after @entity68 infusion, cytosolic cytochrome c was elevated in the infused LC. Moreover, terminal deoxytransferase-mediated @entity1977 -nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells, an indicative of apoptosis, were detected in the infused LC. In an attempt to prevent oxidative injury in the LC, @entity2493 was systemically administered. Intraperitoneal injection of @entity2493 attenuated @entity68 -induced behavioral changes in locomotor activity as well as @entity68 -induced increases in cytosolic cytochrome c and TUNEL-positive cells. Moreover, @entity2493 diminished @entity68 -induced oxidative injury. At the same time, the level of @entity10157 ( @entity10157 ) was elevated in the LC of @entity2493 -treated @entity35 . Our data suggests that oxidative stress because of @entity68 results in apoptosis in the infused LC and causes degeneration of the coeruleohippocampal noradrenergic system in the @entity35 brain. Furthermore, @entity2493 , among other mechanisms, may exert its neuroprotection via up-regulation of @entity10157 levels in CNS.

title: Oxidative injury to the locus coeruleus of XXXX brain: neuroprotection by @entity2493 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To document the prevalence of self- and informant report of cognitive problems, usually referred to as "subjective @entity73 " (SCCs), in a community-dwelling sample of older adults and to examine the relationship between @entity73 , mood, and personality measures. @entity1 : Eight hundred twenty-seven nondemented community-dwelling adults aged 70-90 years. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 were asked 24 @entity6461 questions, including the Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q), and completed neuropsychological testing in the domains of memory, language, executive function, visuospatial skills, and psychomotor speed. The Geriatric Depression Scale, Goldberg Anxiety Scale, and @entity663 , Openness, and Conscientiousness from the NEO-Five Factor Inventory were used as measures of @entity1 ' psychological status. Informants completed 19 @entity6461 questions, including a modified short Informant Questionnaire on @entity73 in the Elderly (IQCODE). RESULTS: Overall, 95.5% of @entity1 or their informants endorsed at least one @entity6461 . Although @entity1 were more likely to endorse a memory complaint, informants seemed more accurate in endorsing a complaint when @entity73 was objectively present. @entity6461 correlated with @entity1 ' scores on measures of @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity663 , and inversely with measures of @entity1538 and conscientiousness. Age, education, and sex had little impact on these effects. Regression analysis showed that psychological factors explained the number of complaints more than cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS: The usefulness of SCCs as a criterion for mild @entity73 is questioned because of their high prevalence and their relationship to psychological factors. This may be helpful for clinicians to bear in mind when presented with @entity1 with @entity73 .

title: Prevalence and predictors of    subjective XXXX    in the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs and objective impairment', 'cognitive complaints', 'Cognitive Decline', 'cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism', 'Neuroticism']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive complaints']


abstract: Theory of mind (ToM), the specific ability to attribute thoughts and feelings to oneself and others is generally impaired in @entity161 . Previous studies demonstrated a deficit of the attribution of intentions to others among @entity1 having @entity74 . During nonverbal tasks, such a function requires both the visual perception of @entity1 figures and the understanding of their intentions. These processes are considered to involve the superior temporal sulcus and the medial prefrontal cortex, respectively. Are the functional patterns of activation associated with those processes abnormal in @entity161 ? Seven @entity161 @entity1 on medication performed a nonverbal attribution of intentions task as well as two matched physical logic tasks, with and without @entity1 figures, while @entity2507 15 PET-scanning was performed. Data from the @entity1 were compared to those of eight healthy controls matched for verbal IQ and sex. The experimental design allowed dissociating the effect of the perception of @entity1 figures from that of the attribution of intentions. During attribution of intentions, significant activations in the right prefrontal cortex were detected in the control subjects. Those activations were not found in the @entity161 group. However, in both groups, the perception of @entity1 figure elicited bilateral activation of the occipitotemporal regions and of the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus. @entity161 @entity1 performing a nonverbal attribution of intentions task have an abnormal cerebral activity.

title: Abnormalities of brain function during a nonverbal theory of mind task in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['formal thought disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report initial data on the safety and functional outcomes of @entity8 with arterial cold perfusion during partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2007 to June 2009, 31 consecutive @entity1 underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with @entity2332 using renal arterial perfusion with cold, lactated Ringer's solution during @entity8 . Doppler echography was done intraoperatively to evaluate renal perfusion. Complication data were reported prospectively. Median followup was 57 weeks (IQR 28, 83). RESULTS: The lowest recorded renal temperature during @entity63 was 14C. Median @entity5 size was 4.0 cm (IQR 2.7, 6.2). Median estimated @entity190 was 150 cc (IQR 100, 275). Median @entity63 time was 35 minutes (IQR 26, 41). Doppler echography identified intrarenal arterial blood flow postoperatively in all cases. The median change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate from preoperatively to postoperative day 2 was 4 ml per minute (IQR -29, 19). Two months postoperative in 20 @entity1 the median change was 3.5 ml per minute (IQR -6, 16.5). At last followup in 31 @entity1 the overall change in the estimated glomerular filtration rate was -0.5 ml per minute (IQR -6, 6). Six complications developed in a total of 5 @entity1 , of which 5 were grade 2 or less. One grade 3 @entity86 from an arteriovenous fistula at the @entity5 resection site was treated with angiography and selective embolization. CONCLUSIONS: Cold intravascular perfusion during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy can achieve @entity8 below 15C. It is not associated with an immediate risk of @entity8 or @entity715 , as measured by Doppler echography in this series. Early changes in postoperative estimates of renal function appear minimal.

title: Cold intravascular organ perfusion for XXXX during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'renal vascular injury', 'renal hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal hypothermia']


abstract: @entity130 to renal arteries often receives suboptimal management because of delayed diagnosis, incomplete preoperative evaluation, associated injuries, or unknown functional capacity of the contralateral kidney. We propose a rational treatment plan from an analysis of our three cases and a review of 118 cases. Two thirds of the @entity1 were male, and left-sided injuries predominated over right 42.9% to 30.6%. In 20 cases the insult was bilateral. @entity1317 occurred in 72%, averaging 1.6 injuries per case, of which one half were intra-abdominal. Flank and/or @entity490 was present in 73% of cases, @entity925 in 65%, and gross or microscopic @entity811 in 74%. Repairs were attempted on 38 renal arteries. "Successful" repairs were accomplished in 16 arteries, while repairs failed in 22. Subsequent @entity101 developed in 32% of successes. Repair should be attempted in stable @entity1 with unilateral injury of less than four hours' duration, bilateral injuries of less than 20 hours' duration, or injuries with nonocclusion on arteriogram.

title: Proper management of renal artery injury from blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Associated injuries']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Blunt trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent decades, there have been substantial changes in mortality from @entity5 in Europe. OBJECTIVE: To provide updated information, we analyzed trends in mortality from @entity263 , testis, bladder, and kidney in Europe from 1970 to 2008. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We derived data for 33 European countries from the World Health Organization database. MEASUREMENTS: We computed world-standardized mortality rates and used joinpoint regression to identify significant changes in trends. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Mortality from @entity263 has leveled off since the 1990s in countries of western and northern Europe, particularly over the last few years while it was still rising in Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia. In the European Union (EU), it reached a peak in 1995 at 15.0 per 100 000 @entity1 and declined to 12.5 per 100 000 in 2006. Mortality from @entity5 has steadily declined in most countries in western and northern Europe since the 1970s. The declines were later and appreciably lower in central/eastern Europe. In EU, rates declined from 0.75 in 1980 to 0.32 per 100 000 @entity1 in 2006, with stronger declines up to the late 1990s and an apparent leveling off in rates thereafter. Over the last 15 years, mortality from @entity150 has declined in most European countries in both sexes. The major exceptions were Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania. In the EU, @entity150 mortality was stable until 1992 and declined thereafter from 7.3 to 5.5 per 100 000 @entity1 and from 1.5 to 1.2 per 100 000 @entity1 in 2006. Mortality from @entity703 increased throughout Europe until the early 1990s and leveled off thereafter in many countries, except in a few central and eastern ones. Between 1994 and 2006, rates declined from 4.9 to 4.3 per 100 000 in EU @entity1 and from 2.1 to 1.8 per 100 000 in EU @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Over the last two decades, trends in @entity5 mortality were favorable in Europe, with the exception of a few central and eastern countries.

title: Trends in mortality from XXXX in Europe, 1970-2008.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'cancer of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urologic cancers', 'testicular cancer', 'urologic cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urologic cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 with ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a syndrome resulting from several co-morbidities in which specific mediators are unknown. The platelet proteome responds to disease processes. We hypothesize that the platelet proteome will change composition in @entity1 with HFpEF and may uncover mediators of the syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Proteomic changes were assessed in platelets from hospitalized subjects with symptoms of HFpEF (n  =  9), the same subjects several weeks later without symptoms (n  =  7) and control subjects (n  =  8). Mass spectrometry identified 6102 proteins with five scans with peptide probabilities of >= 0.85. Of the 6102 proteins, 165 were present only in symptomatic subjects, 78 were only found in outpatient subjects and 157 proteins were unique to the control group. The @entity2757 protein was identified consistently in HFpEF samples when compared with controls. We validated the fining that plasma @entity2757 levels are increased in subjects with HFpEF (654      391) compared to controls (352      204) in an external cohort (p  =  0.002). Recombinant @entity2757 had direct effects on the electrophysiological and @entity460 handling profile in @entity1 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Platelets may harbor proteins associated with HFpEF. @entity2757 is present in the platelets of subjects with HFpEF and increased in the plasma of the same subjects. We further established a bedside-to-bench translational system that can be utilized as a secondary screen to ascertain whether the biomarkers may be an associated finding or causal to the disease process. @entity2757 has been linked with other @entity65 such as @entity731 and risk for @entity583 , @entity64 , or @entity204 . This is the first report on association of @entity2757 with HFpEF.

title: Combining @entity1 proteomics and in vitro cardiomyocyte phenotype testing to identify potential mediators of XXXX with preserved ejection fraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 with ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a syndrome resulting from several co-morbidities in which specific mediators are unknown. The platelet proteome responds to disease processes. We hypothesize that the platelet proteome will change composition in @entity1 with HFpEF and may uncover mediators of the syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Proteomic changes were assessed in platelets from hospitalized subjects with symptoms of HFpEF (n  =  9), the same subjects several weeks later without symptoms (n  =  7) and control subjects (n  =  8). Mass spectrometry identified 6102 proteins with five scans with peptide probabilities of >= 0.85. Of the 6102 proteins, 165 were present only in symptomatic subjects, 78 were only found in outpatient subjects and 157 proteins were unique to the control group. The @entity2757 protein was identified consistently in HFpEF samples when compared with controls. We validated the fining that plasma @entity2757 levels are increased in subjects with HFpEF (654      391) compared to controls (352      204) in an external cohort (p  =  0.002). Recombinant @entity2757 had direct effects on the electrophysiological and @entity460 handling profile in @entity1 induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Platelets may harbor proteins associated with HFpEF. @entity2757 is present in the platelets of subjects with HFpEF and increased in the plasma of the same subjects. We further established a bedside-to-bench translational system that can be utilized as a secondary screen to ascertain whether the biomarkers may be an associated finding or causal to the disease process. @entity2757 has been linked with other @entity65 such as @entity731 and risk for @entity583 , @entity64 , or @entity204 . This is the first report on association of @entity2757 with HFpEF.

title: Combining XXXX proteomics and in vitro cardiomyocyte phenotype testing to identify potential mediators of @entity712 with preserved ejection fraction.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of complex @entity1514 aortic pathology increasingly requires coverage of one or more aortic arch vessels. Endovascular debranching with a chimney technique can reduce or eliminate the need for surgical bypass. In this study, we evaluate our initial experience with planned endovascular debranching of the aortic arch. METHODS: During a 13-month period, nine @entity1 were treated with endovascular debranching during @entity1514 endograft placement. Balloon expandable (n = 7) or self-expanding stents (n = 2) were deployed (innominate, n = 2; left common carotid, n = 2; left subclavian, n = 5) along with either TAG (W. L. Gore, Flagstaff, Ariz; n = 8) or Talent (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minn; n = 1) endografts. Four @entity1 required six surgical bypasses to additional arch vessels (right to left common carotid artery, n = 2; left common carotid to subclavian artery, n = 4). RESULTS: Indications for @entity1514 endograft placement were aortic transection (n = 4), aortic @entity439 (n = 2), aortotracheal @entity292 (n = 1), contained aortic @entity1756 (n = 1), and @entity697 (n = 1). Endografts were deployed into zones 0 (n = 2), 1 (n = 2), and 2 (n = 5). Technical success of endovascular debranching was attained in eight of nine @entity1 , with maintenance of branch perfusion and absence of endoleak. Perioperative morbidity included one @entity583 and one @entity64 that resulted in the @entity1 's @entity204 . During subsequent follow-up (range, 2-25 months), there were no instances of endoleak secondary to chimney stents. All debranched vessels maintained primary patency. CONCLUSION: Endovascular debranching permits planned extension of the @entity1514 endograft over arch vessels while further minimizing the need for open reconstruction. Short-term results indicate technical feasibility of this approach. Long-term outcomes remain undefined.

title: Endovascular debranching of the aortic arch during XXXX endograft repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic']


abstract: We aimed to quantify the benefits of detecting @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and of downwards stage-shifting within invasive @entity5 in mammographic screening. Using data from the Swedish Two-County Trial of @entity0 screening, we examined the 20-year death rates from invasive @entity5 of stage II or worse, invasive @entity5 of stage I and @entity3821 . We then used these rates and their respective incidences in invited (active study population, ASP) and control (passive study population, @entity10365 ) arms of the trial, to estimate the numbers of @entity204 avoided by downward stage-shifting the larger stage II or worse @entity5 to stage I and the stage I cancers to @entity3821 . We also studied the association between the mortality reduction achieved and the proportion of @entity3821 cases detected in the randomised trials of @entity0 screening. In the Swedish Two County Trial, 141 @entity0 @entity204 were avoided in the ASP compared with the @entity10365 at approximately 20 years of follow-up. Of these, 65% (91/141) were avoided as a result of stage-shifting from invasive stage II or worse to invasive stage I, and 5% (7/141) as a result of stage-shifting from invasive stage I to @entity3821 . If we assumed that 10% of stage II or worse @entity5 avoided were shifted not to stage I, but to @entity3821 , the estimated number of @entity204 prevented by shifting from invasive disease to in situ was 17, which is 12% of all @entity204 prevented. When the results of all the randomised trials of @entity0 screening were reviewed, there was no clear association between the percentage of @entity3821 cases diagnosed and the observed mortality reduction. We conclude that compared with downward stage-shifting of invasive @entity5 , detection of @entity3821 plays a small part in saving lives from @entity0 . Treatment decisions in @entity3821 , as in @entity189 , should take full account of histopathological, clinical and radiological attributes of the @entity5 .

title: The relative contributions of screen-detected in situ and invasive XXXX in reducing mortality from the disease.

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinomas']


abstract: Despite various interventions, the mortality rate after @entity879 remains extremely high. Although it has been shown that administration of regenerating liver cytosol (RLC) after @entity1578 improves the survival rate of animals, the sequence in which various hepatic functions are altered after @entity879 and their improvement by RLC remain unknown. To study this, fulminant @entity1578 in @entity35 was produced by intraperitoneal injection of 1.5 gm/kg @entity8688 (GAL). Twenty-four hours after 68% hepatectomy in normal @entity35 , RLC was prepared and 4 ml of this solution (40 to 50 mg protein) was injected intraperitoneally in other animals at 6 or 24 hours after GAL administration. The long-term survival rate was 19.4% in the GAL-vehicle (control) group, 26.7% in the GAL-treated @entity35 given liver cytosol from normal @entity35 , and 72.2% (p less than 0.01 compared with both groups) in @entity35 given RLC even 24 hours after GAL administration. Reticuloendothelial function was depressed at 24 and 48 hours after GAL administration; however, treatment with RLC but not vehicle or normal liver cytosol at 6 or even 24 hours after GAL administration significantly improved reticuloendothelial function 24 hours after GAL administration. DNA synthesis (an indicator of cell proliferation) did not increase in any group 24 hours after GAL administration; however, it increased strikingly at 48 hours in the GAL-RLC groups. Serum @entity648 levels were also lower in the RLC group 48 hours after GAL administration. Thus RLC administration improved survival, reticuloendothelial function, DNA synthesis, and hepatocyte function after GAL-induced @entity879 . Improvement of reticuloendothelial function by RLC occurred before stimulation of DNA synthesis and appears to play an important role in improving survival after @entity1578 .

title: Effects of regenerating liver cytosol on drug-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity8688 :: ('CHEBI:60313', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactosamine']

answer: @entity1578 :: (MESH:D017093,Disease) :: ['hepatic failure']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of mammographic screening programmes on stage-specific incidence of @entity0 . The study compared prescreening and screening periods in seven areas in Italy, primarily evaluating the first screening round. All 17617 @entity0 (16554 invasive, 1063 in situ) registered in @entity1 aged 40-79 years between 1988 and 1999 were analysed through age-standardised rates and Poisson regression models. For all areas, independent of the baseline rates, the introduction of screening increased incidence for invasive @entity5 overall and, more markedly, for @entity5 (screening/prescreening ratio: range 1.07-1.47 and 1.23-1.82, respectively), modifying the pattern of age-specific rates. The multiple regression analysis showed that the percentage of cases diagnosed at screening explained most of the increase; a residual effect of diagnosis period (screening versus prescreening) suggested a role for 'spontaneous' early detection in ages outside of the screening programme. Advanced cases did not show consistent variations across the registries for those aged 40-79 years (range: 0.91-1.21), whereas a more coherent picture was observed for those aged 50-69 years. In one area, a moderate reduction in the number of 'advanced' cases in the second screening period was observed. For all stages, the age-specific incidence rates of cases diagnosed outside of the screening programme for the age groups 50-69 years were lower than the corresponding rates in the prescreening period, suggesting a shift from the usual clinical services to the screening programme. Our results confirmed the increase in early-stage @entity5 occurring at the start of screening, and substantially explained the rise in @entity0 incidence. In addition, our study confirms the importance of @entity5 registries in monitoring the effect of @entity0 screening and the validity, for this purpose, of the linkage between @entity5 registries and screening programme databases.

title: The impact of organised screening programmes on the stage-specific incidence of XXXX in some Italian areas.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To assess the distribution of parental age and birth weight in a large cohort with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) and to compare them to Israeli national data. (2) To examine possible relationships between these risk factors and functioning. METHODS: The study included 529 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity72 using standardized tests: the @entity2438 Diagnosis Interview-Revised and the @entity2438 Diagnosis Observation Schedule (ADOS). Medical, developmental and familial histories (gender, age, pregnancy and birth information, parental ages) were obtained. @entity2438 severity was assessed using the new ADOS severity scale and adaptive skill using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. RESULTS: Advanced parental age was associated with @entity72 . In the older age range the percentages of mothers (35-44 y) and fathers (30-40 y) were significantly higher in the @entity72 cohort in comparison to the Israeli newborn data. The @entity72 cohort had significantly higher percentages of low birth weight (<2500 g) and very low birth weight (VLBW<1500 g) in comparison to the Israeli newborn data. Of these risk factors, only VLBW was associated with lower adaptive functioning. The group with VLBW had lower scores in daily living, socialization and motor skills in comparison to the >1500 g group. @entity2438 severity was not associated with advanced parental age or VLBW. CONCLUSIONS: The shift in parental age distribution and birth weight in our @entity72 cohort suggests that the increase in @entity72 prevalence in recent years might be associated with novel prenatal insults. An adverse fetal course resulting in VLBW may represent a "second hit" phenomenon, causing a poorer outcome.

title: Advanced parental ages and low birth weight in XXXX spectrum disorders--rates and effect on functioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder', 'ASD']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: In order to elucidate the blood serum @entity460 , inorganic @entity3151 , parathyroid hormone ( @entity461 ) and @entity175 (CT) content in the course of the development of @entity177 ( @entity177 ), 80 @entity1 with chronile @entity631 were examined. Of these, in 24 glomerular filtration (GF) was normal, whereas 56 had @entity177 of varying degree. Thirty-three out of the 80 @entity1 had the @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ). The parameters enumerated were also determined in 45 @entity1 with @entity177 treated by hemodialysis. In @entity1 without the @entity1985 , @entity3747 was discovered only at the final predialysis stage of @entity177 , while in the presence of the @entity1985 , it was detectable in normal GF and was aggravated as @entity177 progressed. The @entity461 level ascended if GF was lower than 40 ml/min, not correlating with @entity460 concentration in the serum. A direct correlation was disclosed between the @entity461 level and that of inorganic @entity3151 . The role of the latter in stimulation of @entity461 and CT secretion in @entity177 is discussed. In @entity1 treated by hemodialysis, the @entity461 level significantly rose with treatment time increase. There was also a tendency toward elevation of CT concentration. The activity of the osseous fraction of blood serum alkaline phosphatase in @entity1 treated by hemodialysis was increased in 61-84% of cases depending on the treatment period.

title: [ XXXX and @entity460 metabolism and its hormonal regulation in chronic kidney failure].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['CRF', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['Phosphorus']


abstract: In order to elucidate the blood serum @entity460 , inorganic @entity3151 , parathyroid hormone ( @entity461 ) and @entity175 (CT) content in the course of the development of @entity177 ( @entity177 ), 80 @entity1 with chronile @entity631 were examined. Of these, in 24 glomerular filtration (GF) was normal, whereas 56 had @entity177 of varying degree. Thirty-three out of the 80 @entity1 had the @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ). The parameters enumerated were also determined in 45 @entity1 with @entity177 treated by hemodialysis. In @entity1 without the @entity1985 , @entity3747 was discovered only at the final predialysis stage of @entity177 , while in the presence of the @entity1985 , it was detectable in normal GF and was aggravated as @entity177 progressed. The @entity461 level ascended if GF was lower than 40 ml/min, not correlating with @entity460 concentration in the serum. A direct correlation was disclosed between the @entity461 level and that of inorganic @entity3151 . The role of the latter in stimulation of @entity461 and CT secretion in @entity177 is discussed. In @entity1 treated by hemodialysis, the @entity461 level significantly rose with treatment time increase. There was also a tendency toward elevation of CT concentration. The activity of the osseous fraction of blood serum alkaline phosphatase in @entity1 treated by hemodialysis was increased in 61-84% of cases depending on the treatment period.

title: [ @entity3151 and XXXX metabolism and its hormonal regulation in chronic kidney failure].

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: A spontaneous @entity21161 , similar to type B in @entity1 , was found in a partially inbred ICR @entity19 . The supernumerary digit could be detected grossly as early as day 14 of gestation. The incidence of @entity5767 decreased with increasing gestational age. @entity1968 (RA) administered on day 10 or 11 of gestation, but not on day 9, increased the incidence of @entity5767 at each gestational day examined. The day 18 levels of @entity5767 were greatest after day 10 treatment. No clear dose-response relationship was observed in term fetuses following treatment on day 9, 10, or 11. RA administered on day 10 produced extra digits which were morphologically more advanced than those in the untreated controls. RA, given to the inbred C57B1/10 strain, produced low levels of @entity5767 if administered on day 9, but not on day 10 or 11. F1 embryos, from reciprocal crosses between the two strains, were intermediate in response to RA. On day 14, cell death in the postaxial marginal mesoderm was apparent in all protopolydactylous embryos examined, whether treated or untreated. The @entity13258 varied in size on day 14. The smaller digits appeared to be filled with @entity39 mesodermal cells, whereas the larger digits had a @entity39 -free area. The size of the extra digit on day 14 seemed to be the most important factor in the persistence of the digit until day 18.

title: Spontaneous and @entity1968 -induced XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity5767 :: ('MESH:D017689', 'Disease') :: ['polydactyly']

entities_list: @entity21161 :: ('MESH:C562429', 'Disease') :: ['postaxial polydactyly']

entities_list: @entity13258 :: ('MESH:D014096', 'Disease') :: ['supernumerary digits']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['All-trans retinoic acid']

answer: @entity21161 :: (MESH:C562429,Disease) :: ['postaxial polydactyly']


abstract: A spontaneous @entity21161 , similar to type B in @entity1 , was found in a partially inbred ICR @entity19 . The supernumerary digit could be detected grossly as early as day 14 of gestation. The incidence of @entity5767 decreased with increasing gestational age. @entity1968 (RA) administered on day 10 or 11 of gestation, but not on day 9, increased the incidence of @entity5767 at each gestational day examined. The day 18 levels of @entity5767 were greatest after day 10 treatment. No clear dose-response relationship was observed in term fetuses following treatment on day 9, 10, or 11. RA administered on day 10 produced extra digits which were morphologically more advanced than those in the untreated controls. RA, given to the inbred C57B1/10 strain, produced low levels of @entity5767 if administered on day 9, but not on day 10 or 11. F1 embryos, from reciprocal crosses between the two strains, were intermediate in response to RA. On day 14, cell death in the postaxial marginal mesoderm was apparent in all protopolydactylous embryos examined, whether treated or untreated. The @entity13258 varied in size on day 14. The smaller digits appeared to be filled with @entity39 mesodermal cells, whereas the larger digits had a @entity39 -free area. The size of the extra digit on day 14 seemed to be the most important factor in the persistence of the digit until day 18.

title: Spontaneous and XXXX -induced @entity21161 in @entity19 .

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: A spontaneous @entity21161 , similar to type B in @entity1 , was found in a partially inbred ICR @entity19 . The supernumerary digit could be detected grossly as early as day 14 of gestation. The incidence of @entity5767 decreased with increasing gestational age. @entity1968 (RA) administered on day 10 or 11 of gestation, but not on day 9, increased the incidence of @entity5767 at each gestational day examined. The day 18 levels of @entity5767 were greatest after day 10 treatment. No clear dose-response relationship was observed in term fetuses following treatment on day 9, 10, or 11. RA administered on day 10 produced extra digits which were morphologically more advanced than those in the untreated controls. RA, given to the inbred C57B1/10 strain, produced low levels of @entity5767 if administered on day 9, but not on day 10 or 11. F1 embryos, from reciprocal crosses between the two strains, were intermediate in response to RA. On day 14, cell death in the postaxial marginal mesoderm was apparent in all protopolydactylous embryos examined, whether treated or untreated. The @entity13258 varied in size on day 14. The smaller digits appeared to be filled with @entity39 mesodermal cells, whereas the larger digits had a @entity39 -free area. The size of the extra digit on day 14 seemed to be the most important factor in the persistence of the digit until day 18.

title: Spontaneous and @entity1968 -induced @entity21161 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Treatment with @entity291 somatotropin (bST) during estrous synchronization increased fertility and prolificacy in @entity742 . In the present study, a single dose of bST 5 days before the end of @entity1871 treatment improved cleavage and embryo development. Stage of estrous cycle was synchronized in ewes (n=32) with @entity1871 and superovulation was induced by use of FSH. Five days before the end of @entity1871 treatment, ewes were randomly assigned to two groups: bST group (n=16) received a depot injection of 125 mg of bST sc (Lactotropina, Elanco, M  xico) and the control group (n=16) received saline solution. Estrous was detected with rams fitted with an apron every 2 h and estrous @entity742 were mated every 8 h whilst in estrous. Embryos were recovered on Day 7 post mating, assessed microscopically and fixed in 4% @entity1604 . Cell number in blastocysts was counted after @entity5956 staining. Plasma concentrations of @entity9418 , insulin and @entity1420 were determined in eight @entity742 per group from the day of bST treatment to the day of embryo recovery. Cleavage rate, percentage of transferable embryos (transferable embryos/cleaved) and percentage of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage (blastocyst/cleaved) were compared between groups by logistic regression. @entity9418 , insulin and @entity1420 plasma concentrations were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measurements and cell number by ANOVA. Cleavage rate was greater (P<0.01) in bST treatment group (86%) than in the control group (62%). Similarly, the proportion of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage (bST=68.7 vs control=42.5) and the number of cells per blastocyst (bST group 91.8  5.5 compared to control group 75  6) were greater (P<0.01) in the bST-treated @entity742 . Plasma concentrations of @entity9418 and insulin were greater (P<0.01) in the bST-treated group. No changes were observed in @entity1420 concentrations (P=0.5). It is concluded that bST injection 5 days before @entity1871 removal increases cleavage rate and the proportion of embryos that reach the blastocyst stage. These effects are associated with an increase in @entity9418 and insulin concentrations.

title: Increased cleavage and blastocyst rate in ewes treated with @entity291 somatotropin 5 days before the end of XXXX -based estrous synchronization.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity1871 :: (CHEBI:59826,Chemical) :: ['progestin']


abstract: Treatment with @entity291 somatotropin (bST) during estrous synchronization increased fertility and prolificacy in @entity742 . In the present study, a single dose of bST 5 days before the end of @entity1871 treatment improved cleavage and embryo development. Stage of estrous cycle was synchronized in ewes (n=32) with @entity1871 and superovulation was induced by use of FSH. Five days before the end of @entity1871 treatment, ewes were randomly assigned to two groups: bST group (n=16) received a depot injection of 125 mg of bST sc (Lactotropina, Elanco, M  xico) and the control group (n=16) received saline solution. Estrous was detected with rams fitted with an apron every 2 h and estrous @entity742 were mated every 8 h whilst in estrous. Embryos were recovered on Day 7 post mating, assessed microscopically and fixed in 4% @entity1604 . Cell number in blastocysts was counted after @entity5956 staining. Plasma concentrations of @entity9418 , insulin and @entity1420 were determined in eight @entity742 per group from the day of bST treatment to the day of embryo recovery. Cleavage rate, percentage of transferable embryos (transferable embryos/cleaved) and percentage of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage (blastocyst/cleaved) were compared between groups by logistic regression. @entity9418 , insulin and @entity1420 plasma concentrations were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measurements and cell number by ANOVA. Cleavage rate was greater (P<0.01) in bST treatment group (86%) than in the control group (62%). Similarly, the proportion of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage (bST=68.7 vs control=42.5) and the number of cells per blastocyst (bST group 91.8  5.5 compared to control group 75  6) were greater (P<0.01) in the bST-treated @entity742 . Plasma concentrations of @entity9418 and insulin were greater (P<0.01) in the bST-treated group. No changes were observed in @entity1420 concentrations (P=0.5). It is concluded that bST injection 5 days before @entity1871 removal increases cleavage rate and the proportion of embryos that reach the blastocyst stage. These effects are associated with an increase in @entity9418 and insulin concentrations.

title: Increased cleavage and blastocyst rate in ewes treated with XXXX somatotropin 5 days before the end of @entity1871 -based estrous synchronization.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has chemoprotective properties in a variety of experimental @entity5 models. We have previously observed that dietary CLA inhibits colon tumorigenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in @entity35 . In addition, our in vitro studies have shown that CLA inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells, the @entity1 @entity694 cell line. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system regulates the growth of HT-29 cells by an autocrine mechanism. The present study examined whether the growth inhibitory effect of CLA is related to changes in the IGF system in HT-29 cells. To determine whether CLA inhibits @entity5100 production, HT-29 cells were incubated in serum-free medium in the presence of various concentrations of CLA. CLA decreased protein levels of both mature and pro @entity5100 and @entity5100 transcripts. Whereas exogenous @entity442 and @entity5100 produced an increase in cell number, neither @entity442 nor @entity5100 counteracted the negative growth regulatory effect of CLA. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis of total cell lysates revealed that CLA decreased @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ) transcript and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Immunoprecipitation/Western blot studies revealed that CLA inhibited @entity442 -induced phosphorylation of @entity2856 and @entity10175 , recruitment of the @entity8569 regulatory subunit of @entity10412 ( @entity10412 ) to @entity2856 , @entity2856 -associated @entity10412 activity, and phosphorylated @entity584 and @entity3962 levels. In conclusion, the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis by CLA in HT-29 cells may be mediated in part by its ability to decrease @entity5100 synthesis and to downregulate @entity2856 signaling and the @entity10412 / @entity584 and @entity1366 pathways.

title: Conjugated linoleic acid downregulates insulin-like growth factor-I receptor levels in HT-29 @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity10175 :: ('3667', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-receptor substrate (IRS)-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2']

entities_list: @entity10412 :: ('5293', 'Gene') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase', 'PI3K']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has chemoprotective properties in a variety of experimental @entity5 models. We have previously observed that dietary CLA inhibits colon tumorigenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in @entity35 . In addition, our in vitro studies have shown that CLA inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells, the @entity1 @entity694 cell line. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system regulates the growth of HT-29 cells by an autocrine mechanism. The present study examined whether the growth inhibitory effect of CLA is related to changes in the IGF system in HT-29 cells. To determine whether CLA inhibits @entity5100 production, HT-29 cells were incubated in serum-free medium in the presence of various concentrations of CLA. CLA decreased protein levels of both mature and pro @entity5100 and @entity5100 transcripts. Whereas exogenous @entity442 and @entity5100 produced an increase in cell number, neither @entity442 nor @entity5100 counteracted the negative growth regulatory effect of CLA. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis of total cell lysates revealed that CLA decreased @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ) transcript and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Immunoprecipitation/Western blot studies revealed that CLA inhibited @entity442 -induced phosphorylation of @entity2856 and @entity10175 , recruitment of the @entity8569 regulatory subunit of @entity10412 ( @entity10412 ) to @entity2856 , @entity2856 -associated @entity10412 activity, and phosphorylated @entity584 and @entity3962 levels. In conclusion, the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis by CLA in HT-29 cells may be mediated in part by its ability to decrease @entity5100 synthesis and to downregulate @entity2856 signaling and the @entity10412 / @entity584 and @entity1366 pathways.

title: Conjugated linoleic acid downregulates insulin-like growth factor-I receptor levels in HT-29 XXXX @entity694 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: To identify the circumstances associated with falls resulting in @entity173 in the elderly, and risk factors for this kind of fall. METHOD: A 12 month observational study of @entity1 over 65 years, admitted for @entity173 resulting from a fall to the General University Hospital of Albacete. VARIABLES: demographic data, circumstances of fall, type of @entity174 , previous falls, associated diseases, regular drug treatment and mental status, collected from medical records and interviews. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed, which included, comparison of means (t test), comparison of proportions (  (2)), odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence intervals, and logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 312 @entity1 were included with a mean age 81.68 years (range, 65-99), of which 74.3% (232) were @entity1 . Only 35 @entity1 (11,2%) lived in an institution, 212 (68%) had not had a fall during previous six months, and 116 @entity1 (37.2%) had @entity73 . Falls occurred indoors (189 @entity1 , 63.2%), with only 14% (41) during the night. Most of falls were related to extrinsic factors (31.5% tripping, slipping 24.1%; n=257). @entity1 had @entity66 in a 96% (300) of cases, with the most common being @entity101 (177 @entity1 , 59%) and @entity6 (72, 24%). Drugs most frequently taken were anti-platelets (82, 31.9%), antihypertensives, diuretics (78, 30.4%), oral hypoglycaemic agents (41, 16%), anxiolytics (37, 14.4%) and antidepressants (35, 13.6%). The prior independence for walking on the street appears as a protective factor to fall indoors. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, falls resulting in @entity173 occurred commonly in elderly @entity1 without previous falls, while at home, at a time of increased activity, and by extrinsic factors.

title: [Analysis of XXXX falls in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['previous diseases']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip-fracture']


abstract: Present study aimed to elucidate the immunosuppressive effect of @entity617 on @entity281 in @entity19 . N. fowleri was cultured in CGVS medium (Willert and Le Ray, 1973). White female @entity19 , weighing about 18 g, used for experiments were divided into five groups; untreated control group, @entity617 treated groups (before, during and after @entity281 ), and only @entity617 treated group. In the @entity617 treated group, the hormone was injected intramuscularly 5 doses of 10 mg/kg every other day. According to designated time of treatment, each @entity19 was challenged with 1 x 10(5) N. fowleri intranasally. Changes of body weights, clinical manifestations and number of dead @entity19 were observed. Brain and lung tissues of dead @entity19 were cultured in the non-nutrient agar (Kasprzak and Mazur, 1972), or stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 for the examination of histopathological changes. Results of the experiment are summarized as follows: Mortality among the @entity617 treated groups was higher than that in untreated control group, and among the treated groups, the pretreated group showed shorter survival time. Body weights among untreated control @entity19 showed no significant increase, however, treated groups of @entity19 showed the decrease during the administration and recovery of the weights were observed at 2 to 3 days after the completion of treatment. In the treated control groups, the infected @entity19 began to show the pathologic findings 5 days after @entity281 while the untreated @entity19 began to show the findings 8 days after @entity281 . Tissue damages in brain and lung occurred due to virulence of amoeba were more severe among treated @entity19 than that in untreated control group. The above mentioned results suggest that the treatment with @entity617 weaken the resistance of @entity19 against @entity281 , and probably induce more severe primary amoebic @entity5422 . Especially severe pathological findings were shown in pre-treated group, compared with untreated group.

title: [Effect of XXXX treatment on the experimental inducement of primary amoebic @entity5422 ]

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Naegleria fowleri infection', 'N. fowleri infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: Present study aimed to elucidate the immunosuppressive effect of @entity617 on @entity281 in @entity19 . N. fowleri was cultured in CGVS medium (Willert and Le Ray, 1973). White female @entity19 , weighing about 18 g, used for experiments were divided into five groups; untreated control group, @entity617 treated groups (before, during and after @entity281 ), and only @entity617 treated group. In the @entity617 treated group, the hormone was injected intramuscularly 5 doses of 10 mg/kg every other day. According to designated time of treatment, each @entity19 was challenged with 1 x 10(5) N. fowleri intranasally. Changes of body weights, clinical manifestations and number of dead @entity19 were observed. Brain and lung tissues of dead @entity19 were cultured in the non-nutrient agar (Kasprzak and Mazur, 1972), or stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 for the examination of histopathological changes. Results of the experiment are summarized as follows: Mortality among the @entity617 treated groups was higher than that in untreated control group, and among the treated groups, the pretreated group showed shorter survival time. Body weights among untreated control @entity19 showed no significant increase, however, treated groups of @entity19 showed the decrease during the administration and recovery of the weights were observed at 2 to 3 days after the completion of treatment. In the treated control groups, the infected @entity19 began to show the pathologic findings 5 days after @entity281 while the untreated @entity19 began to show the findings 8 days after @entity281 . Tissue damages in brain and lung occurred due to virulence of amoeba were more severe among treated @entity19 than that in untreated control group. The above mentioned results suggest that the treatment with @entity617 weaken the resistance of @entity19 against @entity281 , and probably induce more severe primary amoebic @entity5422 . Especially severe pathological findings were shown in pre-treated group, compared with untreated group.

title: [Effect of @entity617 treatment on the experimental inducement of primary amoebic XXXX ]

answer: @entity5422 :: (MESH:D008590,Disease) :: ['meningoencephalitis']


abstract: An unexplained paradox of @entity320 is the apparent failure of the blood within the @entity5 to clot despite the presence of multiple factors that should promote @entity4461 . Here we present histochemical evidence that @entity1 and @entity19 @entity320 are extensively infiltrated by abundant mast cells. Because mast cells contain the natural anticoagulant heparin, the present studies were aimed at defining the role of mast cell heparin in preventing the blood from clotting within B16 @entity320 grafts in C57BL/6 J @entity19 . @entity19 bearing B16 @entity320 grafts were treated with non-specific or specific inhibitors of mast cell heparin (protamine or heparinase, respectively). After the drug treatment there was histologic and functional evidence of selective @entity715 of the blood vessels within the protamine and heparinase treated @entity320 grafts. A similar, high degree of @entity715 was also observed in B16 @entity5 grown in transgenic @entity54426 knockout @entity19 bearing a targeted disruption in the gene coding for mast cell heparin synthesis. The @entity5 grown in the protamine-treated animals were significantly smaller than the @entity5 from control (untreated @entity19 ). By contrast, the @entity5 treated with heparinase or grown in the @entity54426 knockout @entity19 were significantly larger than the @entity5 from control (untreated) @entity19 . We conclude that the intrinsic procoagulant properties of @entity320 are neutralized in vivo by the anticoagulant properties of endogenous heparin produced by mast cells that naturally infiltrate the @entity5 . Our results also suggest that @entity715 and hemostasis within @entity320 may play a complex role in modulating the growth of the @entity5 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX in @entity320 allografts in @entity19 by endogenous mast cell heparin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clotting']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: An unexplained paradox of @entity320 is the apparent failure of the blood within the @entity5 to clot despite the presence of multiple factors that should promote @entity4461 . Here we present histochemical evidence that @entity1 and @entity19 @entity320 are extensively infiltrated by abundant mast cells. Because mast cells contain the natural anticoagulant heparin, the present studies were aimed at defining the role of mast cell heparin in preventing the blood from clotting within B16 @entity320 grafts in C57BL/6 J @entity19 . @entity19 bearing B16 @entity320 grafts were treated with non-specific or specific inhibitors of mast cell heparin (protamine or heparinase, respectively). After the drug treatment there was histologic and functional evidence of selective @entity715 of the blood vessels within the protamine and heparinase treated @entity320 grafts. A similar, high degree of @entity715 was also observed in B16 @entity5 grown in transgenic @entity54426 knockout @entity19 bearing a targeted disruption in the gene coding for mast cell heparin synthesis. The @entity5 grown in the protamine-treated animals were significantly smaller than the @entity5 from control (untreated @entity19 ). By contrast, the @entity5 treated with heparinase or grown in the @entity54426 knockout @entity19 were significantly larger than the @entity5 from control (untreated) @entity19 . We conclude that the intrinsic procoagulant properties of @entity320 are neutralized in vivo by the anticoagulant properties of endogenous heparin produced by mast cells that naturally infiltrate the @entity5 . Our results also suggest that @entity715 and hemostasis within @entity320 may play a complex role in modulating the growth of the @entity5 .

title: Inhibition of @entity715 in XXXX allografts in @entity19 by endogenous mast cell heparin.

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: An unexplained paradox of @entity320 is the apparent failure of the blood within the @entity5 to clot despite the presence of multiple factors that should promote @entity4461 . Here we present histochemical evidence that @entity1 and @entity19 @entity320 are extensively infiltrated by abundant mast cells. Because mast cells contain the natural anticoagulant heparin, the present studies were aimed at defining the role of mast cell heparin in preventing the blood from clotting within B16 @entity320 grafts in C57BL/6 J @entity19 . @entity19 bearing B16 @entity320 grafts were treated with non-specific or specific inhibitors of mast cell heparin (protamine or heparinase, respectively). After the drug treatment there was histologic and functional evidence of selective @entity715 of the blood vessels within the protamine and heparinase treated @entity320 grafts. A similar, high degree of @entity715 was also observed in B16 @entity5 grown in transgenic @entity54426 knockout @entity19 bearing a targeted disruption in the gene coding for mast cell heparin synthesis. The @entity5 grown in the protamine-treated animals were significantly smaller than the @entity5 from control (untreated @entity19 ). By contrast, the @entity5 treated with heparinase or grown in the @entity54426 knockout @entity19 were significantly larger than the @entity5 from control (untreated) @entity19 . We conclude that the intrinsic procoagulant properties of @entity320 are neutralized in vivo by the anticoagulant properties of endogenous heparin produced by mast cells that naturally infiltrate the @entity5 . Our results also suggest that @entity715 and hemostasis within @entity320 may play a complex role in modulating the growth of the @entity5 .

title: Inhibition of @entity715 in @entity320 allografts in XXXX by endogenous mast cell heparin.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Changes in the expression of ion channels, contributing to altered neuronal excitability, are emerging as possible mechanisms in the development of certain @entity1 @entity302 . In previous immature rodent studies of experimental prolonged @entity410 , isoform-specific changes in the expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic @entity377 -gated cation channels (HCNs) correlated with long-lasting hippocampal hyperexcitability and enhanced @entity410 susceptibility. Prolonged early-life @entity410 commonly precede @entity1 @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), suggesting that transcriptional dysregulation of HCNs might contribute to the epileptogenic process. Therefore, we determined whether HCN isoform expression was modified in hippocampi of individuals with @entity1315 . @entity40249 and @entity26038 expression were measured using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry in hippocampi from three groups: @entity1315 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ; n = 17), @entity302 hippocampi without @entity131 , or @entity131 ( @entity131 ; n = 10), and autopsy material (n = 10). The results obtained in chronic @entity1 @entity302 were validated by examining hippocampi from the @entity2134 model of chronic @entity1315 . In autopsy and most @entity131 hippocampi, @entity40249 mRNA expression was substantial in pyramidal cell layers and lower in dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs). In contrast, @entity40249 mRNA expression over the GC layer and in individual GCs from @entity302 hippocampus was markedly increased once GC neuronal density was reduced by >50%. @entity40249 mRNA changes were accompanied by enhanced immunoreactivity in the GC dendritic fields and more modest changes in @entity26038 mRNA expression. Furthermore, similar robust and isoform-selective augmentation of @entity40249 mRNA expression was evident also in the @entity2134 animal model of @entity1315 . These findings indicate that the expression of HCN isoforms is dynamically regulated in @entity1 as well as in experimental @entity302 . After experimental @entity410 (i.e., early in the epileptogenic process), the preserved and augmented inhibition onto principal cells may lead to reduced @entity40249 expression. In contrast, in chronic @entity302 hippocampus studied here, the profound loss of interneuronal and principal cell populations and consequent reduced inhibition, coupled with increased dendritic excitation of surviving GCs, might provoke a "compensatory" enhancement of @entity40249 mRNA and protein expression.

title: Enhanced expression of a specific hyperpolarization-activated cyclic XXXX -gated cation channel (HCN) in surviving dentate gyrus granule cells of @entity1 and experimental @entity302 hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['NHS', 'hippocampal sclerosis', 'HS', 'non-HS']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'hippocampal epilepsy', 'epileptic HS']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: Changes in the expression of ion channels, contributing to altered neuronal excitability, are emerging as possible mechanisms in the development of certain @entity1 @entity302 . In previous immature rodent studies of experimental prolonged @entity410 , isoform-specific changes in the expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic @entity377 -gated cation channels (HCNs) correlated with long-lasting hippocampal hyperexcitability and enhanced @entity410 susceptibility. Prolonged early-life @entity410 commonly precede @entity1 @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), suggesting that transcriptional dysregulation of HCNs might contribute to the epileptogenic process. Therefore, we determined whether HCN isoform expression was modified in hippocampi of individuals with @entity1315 . @entity40249 and @entity26038 expression were measured using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry in hippocampi from three groups: @entity1315 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ; n = 17), @entity302 hippocampi without @entity131 , or @entity131 ( @entity131 ; n = 10), and autopsy material (n = 10). The results obtained in chronic @entity1 @entity302 were validated by examining hippocampi from the @entity2134 model of chronic @entity1315 . In autopsy and most @entity131 hippocampi, @entity40249 mRNA expression was substantial in pyramidal cell layers and lower in dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs). In contrast, @entity40249 mRNA expression over the GC layer and in individual GCs from @entity302 hippocampus was markedly increased once GC neuronal density was reduced by >50%. @entity40249 mRNA changes were accompanied by enhanced immunoreactivity in the GC dendritic fields and more modest changes in @entity26038 mRNA expression. Furthermore, similar robust and isoform-selective augmentation of @entity40249 mRNA expression was evident also in the @entity2134 animal model of @entity1315 . These findings indicate that the expression of HCN isoforms is dynamically regulated in @entity1 as well as in experimental @entity302 . After experimental @entity410 (i.e., early in the epileptogenic process), the preserved and augmented inhibition onto principal cells may lead to reduced @entity40249 expression. In contrast, in chronic @entity302 hippocampus studied here, the profound loss of interneuronal and principal cell populations and consequent reduced inhibition, coupled with increased dendritic excitation of surviving GCs, might provoke a "compensatory" enhancement of @entity40249 mRNA and protein expression.

title: Enhanced expression of a specific hyperpolarization-activated cyclic @entity377 -gated cation channel (HCN) in surviving dentate gyrus granule cells of @entity1 and experimental XXXX hippocampus.

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: Changes in the expression of ion channels, contributing to altered neuronal excitability, are emerging as possible mechanisms in the development of certain @entity1 @entity302 . In previous immature rodent studies of experimental prolonged @entity410 , isoform-specific changes in the expression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic @entity377 -gated cation channels (HCNs) correlated with long-lasting hippocampal hyperexcitability and enhanced @entity410 susceptibility. Prolonged early-life @entity410 commonly precede @entity1 @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ), suggesting that transcriptional dysregulation of HCNs might contribute to the epileptogenic process. Therefore, we determined whether HCN isoform expression was modified in hippocampi of individuals with @entity1315 . @entity40249 and @entity26038 expression were measured using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry in hippocampi from three groups: @entity1315 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ; n = 17), @entity302 hippocampi without @entity131 , or @entity131 ( @entity131 ; n = 10), and autopsy material (n = 10). The results obtained in chronic @entity1 @entity302 were validated by examining hippocampi from the @entity2134 model of chronic @entity1315 . In autopsy and most @entity131 hippocampi, @entity40249 mRNA expression was substantial in pyramidal cell layers and lower in dentate gyrus granule cells (GCs). In contrast, @entity40249 mRNA expression over the GC layer and in individual GCs from @entity302 hippocampus was markedly increased once GC neuronal density was reduced by >50%. @entity40249 mRNA changes were accompanied by enhanced immunoreactivity in the GC dendritic fields and more modest changes in @entity26038 mRNA expression. Furthermore, similar robust and isoform-selective augmentation of @entity40249 mRNA expression was evident also in the @entity2134 animal model of @entity1315 . These findings indicate that the expression of HCN isoforms is dynamically regulated in @entity1 as well as in experimental @entity302 . After experimental @entity410 (i.e., early in the epileptogenic process), the preserved and augmented inhibition onto principal cells may lead to reduced @entity40249 expression. In contrast, in chronic @entity302 hippocampus studied here, the profound loss of interneuronal and principal cell populations and consequent reduced inhibition, coupled with increased dendritic excitation of surviving GCs, might provoke a "compensatory" enhancement of @entity40249 mRNA and protein expression.

title: Enhanced expression of a specific hyperpolarization-activated cyclic @entity377 -gated cation channel (HCN) in surviving dentate gyrus granule cells of XXXX and experimental @entity302 hippocampus.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In-stent @entity75 have been problematic for many @entity1 with the need for multiple repeat percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The need for repeat PCI has been significantly reduced in @entity1 since the advent of vascular brachytherapy. In-stent restenosis resulting in bifurcation presents even more of a challenge. The use of radiation therapy for the treatment of this kind of lesion has not yet been reported. The purpose of this paper is to present five cases of radiation therapy in bifurcation in-stent @entity75 using the intraluminal beta radiation catheter delivery system (Beta-Cath System, Novoste Corporation, Norcross, Georgia). METHODS: We reviewed the database of @entity1 enrolled in our Compassionate Use Registry between August 1999 and April 2002. The data is reported for 5 @entity1 who received radiation in both branches of bifurcation lesions with the Beta-Cath catheter system. RESULTS: The mean diameter of the vessels was 3.1 mm 0.5 mm. The dose administered was from 18.3 to 23 Gy, with an overlap of 3.3 to 10.3 mm; the hinge angle between the branches went from 43.3 to 65.4 . Angiographic follow-up was obtained at 6 months in 4 @entity1 , with a single @entity1 showing a focal (< 5 mm) edge lesion treated by balloon angioplasty (TVR no TLR). No @entity439 or zones of @entity4122 were noted. CONCLUSION: Beta radiation with the Beta-Cath catheter system appears to be safe, secure and clinically useful in in-stent restenotic bifurcation lesions.

title: Treatment of bifurcation in-stent XXXX with beta radiation using strontium 90 and sequential positioning pullback technique: procedural details and clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['restenotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['restenotic lesions']


abstract: @entity25 are common in @entity191 and other @entity21 , @entity25 in @entity3519 is limited to generalized forms or Segawa disease. Although many @entity1 with @entity3520 ( @entity6389 ) and @entity9663 ( @entity9663 ) report poor sleep, there are no data on frequency or interactions with well known symptoms like @entity308 and @entity158 . Standardized interviews and assessment instruments, clinical examinations, and self rating forms were applied in 221 @entity1 with @entity6389 and @entity9663 , and in 93 neurologically healthy controls. @entity25 was found in 44% of @entity6389 @entity1 , 46% of @entity9663 @entity1 , and 20% of controls. In @entity3519 , it was associated with symptoms of @entity308 (frequency of 26%; p  <  0.001) and @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) (frequency of 19%; p  <  0.01). @entity8599 (in @entity6389 ; p  <  0.05), and female sex (in @entity9663 ; p  <  0.001) were identified as further risk factors, but not severity of @entity3520 . Excessive @entity25 was rare in @entity6389 and @entity9663 (6%). With a frequency of 45%, @entity25 is common in focal @entity3519 and associated with symptoms of @entity308 , @entity8599 , and @entity4531 . Results in @entity6389 and @entity9663 @entity1 are similar, pointing to an intrinsic mechanism of @entity25 rather than a direct effect of @entity121 . Further studies on @entity29144 , including polysomnographic recordings, are warranted.

title: @entity25 and @entity4531 in XXXX : a controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic symptoms', 'idiopathic cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29144 :: ('MESH:D020183', 'Disease') :: ['sleep in focal dystonia']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm', 'BL']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia disorders']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['RLS', 'restless legs syndrome']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic muscle activity']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['While sleep disorders', 'daytime sleepiness', 'impairment of sleep quality', 'Impaired sleep quality', 'information on sleep disturbances', 'sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity8599 :: ('MESH:D002012', 'Disease') :: ['bruxism', 'Bruxism']

answer: @entity3520 :: (MESH:D020821,Disease) :: ['idiopathic focal dystonia']


abstract: @entity25 are common in @entity191 and other @entity21 , @entity25 in @entity3519 is limited to generalized forms or Segawa disease. Although many @entity1 with @entity3520 ( @entity6389 ) and @entity9663 ( @entity9663 ) report poor sleep, there are no data on frequency or interactions with well known symptoms like @entity308 and @entity158 . Standardized interviews and assessment instruments, clinical examinations, and self rating forms were applied in 221 @entity1 with @entity6389 and @entity9663 , and in 93 neurologically healthy controls. @entity25 was found in 44% of @entity6389 @entity1 , 46% of @entity9663 @entity1 , and 20% of controls. In @entity3519 , it was associated with symptoms of @entity308 (frequency of 26%; p  <  0.001) and @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) (frequency of 19%; p  <  0.01). @entity8599 (in @entity6389 ; p  <  0.05), and female sex (in @entity9663 ; p  <  0.001) were identified as further risk factors, but not severity of @entity3520 . Excessive @entity25 was rare in @entity6389 and @entity9663 (6%). With a frequency of 45%, @entity25 is common in focal @entity3519 and associated with symptoms of @entity308 , @entity8599 , and @entity4531 . Results in @entity6389 and @entity9663 @entity1 are similar, pointing to an intrinsic mechanism of @entity25 rather than a direct effect of @entity121 . Further studies on @entity29144 , including polysomnographic recordings, are warranted.

title: XXXX and @entity4531 in @entity3520 : a controlled study.

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['Impaired sleep quality']


abstract: @entity25 are common in @entity191 and other @entity21 , @entity25 in @entity3519 is limited to generalized forms or Segawa disease. Although many @entity1 with @entity3520 ( @entity6389 ) and @entity9663 ( @entity9663 ) report poor sleep, there are no data on frequency or interactions with well known symptoms like @entity308 and @entity158 . Standardized interviews and assessment instruments, clinical examinations, and self rating forms were applied in 221 @entity1 with @entity6389 and @entity9663 , and in 93 neurologically healthy controls. @entity25 was found in 44% of @entity6389 @entity1 , 46% of @entity9663 @entity1 , and 20% of controls. In @entity3519 , it was associated with symptoms of @entity308 (frequency of 26%; p  <  0.001) and @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) (frequency of 19%; p  <  0.01). @entity8599 (in @entity6389 ; p  <  0.05), and female sex (in @entity9663 ; p  <  0.001) were identified as further risk factors, but not severity of @entity3520 . Excessive @entity25 was rare in @entity6389 and @entity9663 (6%). With a frequency of 45%, @entity25 is common in focal @entity3519 and associated with symptoms of @entity308 , @entity8599 , and @entity4531 . Results in @entity6389 and @entity9663 @entity1 are similar, pointing to an intrinsic mechanism of @entity25 rather than a direct effect of @entity121 . Further studies on @entity29144 , including polysomnographic recordings, are warranted.

title: @entity25 and XXXX in @entity3520 : a controlled study.

answer: @entity4531 :: (MESH:D012148,Disease) :: ['restless legs syndrome']