abstract: @entity263 is a slowly developing but very common @entity5 in males that may be amenable to preventive strategies that are not toxic. Chinese red @entity375 @entity579 (RYR), a food herb made by fermenting Monascus purpureus Went @entity375 on white @entity579 , contains a mixture of eight different monacolins that inhibit cholesterogenesis in addition to red pigments with antioxidant properties. Monacolin K is identical to lovastatin (LV), but LV unlike RYR can be used in individuals intolerant to statins due to @entity925 . Both LV and RYR inhibit de novo cholesterogenesis, which is critical to the growth of @entity5 cells. Long-term use of statin drugs has been associated with a reduced risk of @entity263 . We have previously shown that RYR inhibited @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 receptor-overexpressing @entity342 -independent @entity263 cell proliferation in vitro. This study was designed to determine whether RYR and @entity263 growth in @entity915 @entity19 . RYR significantly reduced @entity5 volumes of @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 -independent prostate xenograft @entity5 compared with animals receiving vehicle alone (P < 0.05). Inhibition by RYR was greater than that observed with LV at the dose found in RYR, showing that other compounds in RYR contributed to the antiproliferative effect. There was a significant correlation of @entity5 volume to serum @entity165 (P < 0.001). RYR decreased gene expression of @entity342 synthesizing enzymes (HSD3B2, AKR1C3, and SRD5A1) in both type of @entity5 (P < 0.05). Clinical studies of RYR for @entity263 prevention in the increasing population of @entity1 undergoing active surveillance should be considered.

title: Chinese red @entity375 @entity579 @entity263 growth in @entity915 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity263 is a slowly developing but very common @entity5 in males that may be amenable to preventive strategies that are not toxic. Chinese red @entity375 @entity579 (RYR), a food herb made by fermenting Monascus purpureus Went @entity375 on white @entity579 , contains a mixture of eight different monacolins that inhibit cholesterogenesis in addition to red pigments with antioxidant properties. Monacolin K is identical to lovastatin (LV), but LV unlike RYR can be used in individuals intolerant to statins due to @entity925 . Both LV and RYR inhibit de novo cholesterogenesis, which is critical to the growth of @entity5 cells. Long-term use of statin drugs has been associated with a reduced risk of @entity263 . We have previously shown that RYR inhibited @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 receptor-overexpressing @entity342 -independent @entity263 cell proliferation in vitro. This study was designed to determine whether RYR and @entity263 growth in @entity915 @entity19 . RYR significantly reduced @entity5 volumes of @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 -independent prostate xenograft @entity5 compared with animals receiving vehicle alone (P < 0.05). Inhibition by RYR was greater than that observed with LV at the dose found in RYR, showing that other compounds in RYR contributed to the antiproliferative effect. There was a significant correlation of @entity5 volume to serum @entity165 (P < 0.001). RYR decreased gene expression of @entity342 synthesizing enzymes (HSD3B2, AKR1C3, and SRD5A1) in both type of @entity5 (P < 0.05). Clinical studies of RYR for @entity263 prevention in the increasing population of @entity1 undergoing active surveillance should be considered.

title: Chinese red @entity375 @entity579 XXXX growth in @entity915 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['LV inhibit prostate tumor', 'Prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['inhibition of prostate tumor']


abstract: @entity263 is a slowly developing but very common @entity5 in males that may be amenable to preventive strategies that are not toxic. Chinese red @entity375 @entity579 (RYR), a food herb made by fermenting Monascus purpureus Went @entity375 on white @entity579 , contains a mixture of eight different monacolins that inhibit cholesterogenesis in addition to red pigments with antioxidant properties. Monacolin K is identical to lovastatin (LV), but LV unlike RYR can be used in individuals intolerant to statins due to @entity925 . Both LV and RYR inhibit de novo cholesterogenesis, which is critical to the growth of @entity5 cells. Long-term use of statin drugs has been associated with a reduced risk of @entity263 . We have previously shown that RYR inhibited @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 receptor-overexpressing @entity342 -independent @entity263 cell proliferation in vitro. This study was designed to determine whether RYR and @entity263 growth in @entity915 @entity19 . RYR significantly reduced @entity5 volumes of @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 -independent prostate xenograft @entity5 compared with animals receiving vehicle alone (P < 0.05). Inhibition by RYR was greater than that observed with LV at the dose found in RYR, showing that other compounds in RYR contributed to the antiproliferative effect. There was a significant correlation of @entity5 volume to serum @entity165 (P < 0.001). RYR decreased gene expression of @entity342 synthesizing enzymes (HSD3B2, AKR1C3, and SRD5A1) in both type of @entity5 (P < 0.05). Clinical studies of RYR for @entity263 prevention in the increasing population of @entity1 undergoing active surveillance should be considered.

title: Chinese red @entity375 @entity579 @entity263 growth in XXXX @entity19 .

answer: @entity915 :: (MESH:D053632,Disease) :: ['SCID']


abstract: Per-partum @entity519 is a frequent situation facing the pediatrician in the maternity ward. The question is to decide which @entity1 require care in a specialized unit. If transfer is decided, the @entity1 must be referred to an appropriate pediatric unit (intensive care or neonatal unit). Cases of severe @entity519 are exceptional. Intermediary situations are however much more frequent and raise difficult evaluation problems due to the lack of any specific test. The pediatrician must rely on a combination of elements from the clinical presentation, the medical history, the clinical course, and laboratory tests. Different elements suggest a prudent approach with referral to a pediatric unit. These elements include: imperfect clinical recovery (5-min Agpar <7), major intensive care at delivery (intubation, ventilation, vasoactive agents), @entity1503 or first hour blood tests (cord pH<7, base deficit 12, cord or blood @entity880 9 mmol/l). Obstetrical circumstances which led to per-partum @entity519 must be well identified because those interrupting placental flow ( @entity5869 , @entity14853 ) suggest prudence is necessary even if the @entity1 appears to have recovered well. All @entity4670 ( @entity8455 , prematurity, @entity1729 ) increase the risk of rapid decompensation and may argue for hospitalization. Likewise, if even minimal signs of neurological, respiratory or @entity74 are present from birth to two hours, surveillance in a specialized unit is required, the level depending on local facilities. Certain situations nevertheless always require referral to a pediatric intensive care unit: use of vasoactive drugs, respiratory distress, abnormal neurological exam, poor recovery (5-min Agpar <4).Finally, it must be remembered that per-partum @entity519 is rarely predictable and can occur any at any time of day or night. The pediatrician must also train other delivery room personnel, including the midwives, in intensive care techniques.

title: [Orientation after peripartum asphyxia in the maternity ward: which XXXX should be transferred to pediatric care units?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal disorders']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['abruptio placenta']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['anomalies in the cord blood']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['infection, respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity14853 :: ('MESH:D014597', 'Disease') :: ['uterine rupture']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: This review considers the esophagectomy techniques in the treatment of @entity418 and provides the guidelines for optimizing the @entity1 ' chances at cure, minimizing the risk of mediastinal enteric leak (which carries a mortality rate as high as 50%) and minimizing associated @entity338 . The 4 most commonly used routes for resection and replacement include a transhiatal, transthoracic (Ivor-Lewis), tri-incisional (right chest then simultaneous abdominal and left neck), and left chest (distal @entity5 ). Each of these techniques will be described as will the use of colon and jejunum for esophageal replacement. The healthy stomach is the preferred conduit for esophageal replacement. The stomach is well vascularized, easily reaches to the neck, and requires only a single @entity254 for re-establishing intestinal continuity. When the stomach is not available (usually because of prior surgery or disease) the choice of conduits include colon and jejunum. With respect to minimally invasive esophagectomy for @entity418 , several groups have significant experience with this and report excellent results. This is an evolving technique but holds much promise for improving the quality of life of @entity1 with @entity5 without compromising their survival. In locally advanced middle third @entity5 , thoracotomy and dissection under direct vision's desirable and improves the safety of the operation. The same may apply to @entity5 receiving neoadjuvant therapy. For @entity5 of the distal esophagus, transhiatal, tri-incisional, and Ivor-Lewis resection are probably equally as safe, and appear to result in equivalent long-term survival. An intrathoracic @entity834 is disastrous, carrying a mortality rate of up to 50%. Any surgeon who performs esophagectomy with an intrathoracic @entity254 must do so with a low incidence of leakage, certainly under 5%. Consideration should be given to a cervical placement if there are factors increasing the risk such as the use of induction therapy.

title: Esophagectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insufficiency and infection']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is an independent predictor of future @entity299 . MATERIAL/METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between @entity384 ( @entity384 ) in brachial artery and coronary risk factors in 93 @entity1 (70 males, mean age: 62    8 years) with ACS treated with primary angioplasty (PCI). The @entity1 were divided into 2 subgroups: 43 @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) and 50 non- @entity6 (non- @entity3918 ). @entity1 were examined on the 3rd day after ACS and after 6 months. @entity384 on the 3rd day were significantly lower in @entity3918 than in non- @entity3918 (5.8    2.2% vs. 8.8    4.9%, p=0.0007) and after 6 months (6.2    2.6% vs. 9.4    4.4%, p<0.0001). It was also observed that the improvement of @entity384 in both groups after a 6-month follow-up inversely correlated with the increase of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (r=-0.41, p<0.001). RESULTS: There was an inverse relationship between @entity384 and age (r=-0.26, p<0.01), BMI (r=-0.26, p<0,005), total @entity165 (r=-0.56, p<0.001) and LDL @entity165 (r=-0.53, p<0.001). There was no relationship between @entity1674 , @entity101 and history of smoking. In the @entity3918 group, @entity384 negatively correlated with HbA1c (r=-0.68, p<0.001). @entity256 rate was significantly higher in the @entity3918 group (19% vs. 6%, p<0.001) but there was no relationship between @entity384 and @entity256 . CONCLUSIONS: Impaired @entity384 is more significant in @entity6 than in non- @entity6 @entity1 with ACS. Lack of improvement of @entity384 after @entity1187 can be a predictor of detrimental left ventricular remodeling in @entity1 with ACS.

title: Endothelial function and left ventricular remodeling in @entity6 and non- XXXX @entity1 after @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus type 2']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is an independent predictor of future @entity299 . MATERIAL/METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between @entity384 ( @entity384 ) in brachial artery and coronary risk factors in 93 @entity1 (70 males, mean age: 62    8 years) with ACS treated with primary angioplasty (PCI). The @entity1 were divided into 2 subgroups: 43 @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) and 50 non- @entity6 (non- @entity3918 ). @entity1 were examined on the 3rd day after ACS and after 6 months. @entity384 on the 3rd day were significantly lower in @entity3918 than in non- @entity3918 (5.8    2.2% vs. 8.8    4.9%, p=0.0007) and after 6 months (6.2    2.6% vs. 9.4    4.4%, p<0.0001). It was also observed that the improvement of @entity384 in both groups after a 6-month follow-up inversely correlated with the increase of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (r=-0.41, p<0.001). RESULTS: There was an inverse relationship between @entity384 and age (r=-0.26, p<0.01), BMI (r=-0.26, p<0,005), total @entity165 (r=-0.56, p<0.001) and LDL @entity165 (r=-0.53, p<0.001). There was no relationship between @entity1674 , @entity101 and history of smoking. In the @entity3918 group, @entity384 negatively correlated with HbA1c (r=-0.68, p<0.001). @entity256 rate was significantly higher in the @entity3918 group (19% vs. 6%, p<0.001) but there was no relationship between @entity384 and @entity256 . CONCLUSIONS: Impaired @entity384 is more significant in @entity6 than in non- @entity6 @entity1 with ACS. Lack of improvement of @entity384 after @entity1187 can be a predictor of detrimental left ventricular remodeling in @entity1 with ACS.

title: Endothelial function and left ventricular remodeling in XXXX and non- @entity6 @entity1 after @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is an independent predictor of future @entity299 . MATERIAL/METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between @entity384 ( @entity384 ) in brachial artery and coronary risk factors in 93 @entity1 (70 males, mean age: 62    8 years) with ACS treated with primary angioplasty (PCI). The @entity1 were divided into 2 subgroups: 43 @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) and 50 non- @entity6 (non- @entity3918 ). @entity1 were examined on the 3rd day after ACS and after 6 months. @entity384 on the 3rd day were significantly lower in @entity3918 than in non- @entity3918 (5.8    2.2% vs. 8.8    4.9%, p=0.0007) and after 6 months (6.2    2.6% vs. 9.4    4.4%, p<0.0001). It was also observed that the improvement of @entity384 in both groups after a 6-month follow-up inversely correlated with the increase of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (r=-0.41, p<0.001). RESULTS: There was an inverse relationship between @entity384 and age (r=-0.26, p<0.01), BMI (r=-0.26, p<0,005), total @entity165 (r=-0.56, p<0.001) and LDL @entity165 (r=-0.53, p<0.001). There was no relationship between @entity1674 , @entity101 and history of smoking. In the @entity3918 group, @entity384 negatively correlated with HbA1c (r=-0.68, p<0.001). @entity256 rate was significantly higher in the @entity3918 group (19% vs. 6%, p<0.001) but there was no relationship between @entity384 and @entity256 . CONCLUSIONS: Impaired @entity384 is more significant in @entity6 than in non- @entity6 @entity1 with ACS. Lack of improvement of @entity384 after @entity1187 can be a predictor of detrimental left ventricular remodeling in @entity1 with ACS.

title: Endothelial function and left ventricular remodeling in @entity6 and non- @entity6 @entity1 after XXXX .

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is an independent predictor of future @entity299 . MATERIAL/METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between @entity384 ( @entity384 ) in brachial artery and coronary risk factors in 93 @entity1 (70 males, mean age: 62    8 years) with ACS treated with primary angioplasty (PCI). The @entity1 were divided into 2 subgroups: 43 @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) and 50 non- @entity6 (non- @entity3918 ). @entity1 were examined on the 3rd day after ACS and after 6 months. @entity384 on the 3rd day were significantly lower in @entity3918 than in non- @entity3918 (5.8    2.2% vs. 8.8    4.9%, p=0.0007) and after 6 months (6.2    2.6% vs. 9.4    4.4%, p<0.0001). It was also observed that the improvement of @entity384 in both groups after a 6-month follow-up inversely correlated with the increase of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (r=-0.41, p<0.001). RESULTS: There was an inverse relationship between @entity384 and age (r=-0.26, p<0.01), BMI (r=-0.26, p<0,005), total @entity165 (r=-0.56, p<0.001) and LDL @entity165 (r=-0.53, p<0.001). There was no relationship between @entity1674 , @entity101 and history of smoking. In the @entity3918 group, @entity384 negatively correlated with HbA1c (r=-0.68, p<0.001). @entity256 rate was significantly higher in the @entity3918 group (19% vs. 6%, p<0.001) but there was no relationship between @entity384 and @entity256 . CONCLUSIONS: Impaired @entity384 is more significant in @entity6 than in non- @entity6 @entity1 with ACS. Lack of improvement of @entity384 after @entity1187 can be a predictor of detrimental left ventricular remodeling in @entity1 with ACS.

title: Endothelial function and left ventricular remodeling in @entity6 and non- @entity6 XXXX after @entity1187 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the risk factors for @entity600 and the efficacy of prophylactic cerclage in @entity1 who had undergone cervical conization due to @entity3146 before pregnancy. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of all @entity1 who gave live singleton births between May 1996 and April 2009, after having cervical conization. Delivery before 37 gestational weeks was considered as @entity600 . The pregnancy outcomes were analyzed with independent sample t-test, chi-square test, and multiple logistic regression using the SPSS ver. 12.0. RESULTS: Sixty five cases were found. The mean gestational age at delivery was 37 weeks (SD, 3.5). Eighteen @entity1 (27.7%) had @entity3152 . The type of conization, the volume of the specimen, and second trimester cervical length were related to @entity600 (p <=0.001, p=0.019, p <=0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, only mid-trimester cervical length was statistically significant for @entity600 (p=0.012; odds ratio, 0.194; confidence interval, 0.055 to 0.693). Six out of 65 @entity1 had undergone prophylactic cerclage, and three (50%) of them had preterm births, while 15 (25%) @entity1 without cerclage had preterm births. CONCLUSION: The type of conization, the volume of specimen, and second trimester cervical length may be the risk factors for @entity600 in @entity1 who have a prior history of cervical conization. Prophylactic cerclage may not be helpful in preventing @entity600 , therefore more careful consideration should be paid in deciding cerclage after conization during prenatal counseling.

title: Pregnancy outcome after cervical conization: risk factors for XXXX and the efficacy of prophylactic cerclage.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm delivery']


abstract: Holtzman male @entity35 were given four injections of saline or @entity4835 at 31 micrograms/kg or 46 micrograms/kg. The injections were given every 3 days during a 2-week period. Tail vein blood samples, drawn 24 hr before the first injection and 24 hr after the last injection, were analyzed for @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) inhibition. For the low and high @entity4835 groups, whole blood @entity4833 was inhibited 20 and 24%, respectively, while plasma @entity4833 was inhibited 17 and 25%, respectively. Parallel saline injections produced a small inhibition of whole blood @entity4833 and an increase in activity (negative inhibition) of plasma @entity4833 . During the second week of @entity4835 administration @entity35 began training on a discriminated shock avoidance task. The seven animals administered 46 micrograms/kg @entity4835 did not learn the lever-pressing avoidance response during a period of 120 days. Five of eight saline @entity35 and four of seven 31 micrograms/kg @entity4835 @entity35 learned the avoidance response. There was no significant difference between learners relative to rate of learning of the avoidance task. All of the @entity35 learned to escape the shocks. These data indicate that subchronic @entity4835 inhibits learning of new behaviors by @entity35 .

title: Effects of subchronic administration of XXXX on acquisition of avoidance-escape behavior by @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'laboratory rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

answer: @entity4835 :: (MESH:D012999,Chemical) :: ['soman']


abstract: Holtzman male @entity35 were given four injections of saline or @entity4835 at 31 micrograms/kg or 46 micrograms/kg. The injections were given every 3 days during a 2-week period. Tail vein blood samples, drawn 24 hr before the first injection and 24 hr after the last injection, were analyzed for @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) inhibition. For the low and high @entity4835 groups, whole blood @entity4833 was inhibited 20 and 24%, respectively, while plasma @entity4833 was inhibited 17 and 25%, respectively. Parallel saline injections produced a small inhibition of whole blood @entity4833 and an increase in activity (negative inhibition) of plasma @entity4833 . During the second week of @entity4835 administration @entity35 began training on a discriminated shock avoidance task. The seven animals administered 46 micrograms/kg @entity4835 did not learn the lever-pressing avoidance response during a period of 120 days. Five of eight saline @entity35 and four of seven 31 micrograms/kg @entity4835 @entity35 learned the avoidance response. There was no significant difference between learners relative to rate of learning of the avoidance task. All of the @entity35 learned to escape the shocks. These data indicate that subchronic @entity4835 inhibits learning of new behaviors by @entity35 .

title: Effects of subchronic administration of @entity4835 on acquisition of avoidance-escape behavior by XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['laboratory rats']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity973 ( @entity974 ) on heart rate and PR, @entity1162 in @entity1 with longstanding @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Randomized, active-treatment-controlled, dose level-blinded study, with allocation concealed. SETTING: University-affiliated, tertiary care medical center. @entity1 : Sixty otherwise healthy male and female outpatients with traumatic @entity1566 of more than 1 year's duration. Intervention. Oral administration and dose titration to tolerance of an immediate-release formulation of @entity974 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The PR interval, heart rate, QT interval, and QTc interval obtained from standard 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) at baseline (before administration of @entity974 ) and after 1 month of treatment were compared. The QTc intervals were derived by using Bazett's formula (equation) incorporated into standard computerized analyses of 12-lead ECG printouts. The paired t test was performed to test for the significance of differences between means and variances. No statistically significant differences were noted in heart rate or between ECG time intervals measured at baseline and after 1 month of treatment with @entity974 among all @entity1 with @entity1566 or between subgroups stratified by injury level ( @entity1688 , @entity451 ) or sex. CONCLUSION: During the 1-month period that @entity974 was administered, the heart rate and PR, @entity1162 all remained unchanged and stayed well within normal range in comparison to literature-derived control values. @entity973 does not appear to influence the length of cardiac time intervals or heart rate and, hence, is unlikely to cause potentially life-threatening @entity67 when administered long-term and taken orally in dosages of up to 30 mg/day. Specifically, cardiac repolarization (QTc interval) is unaffected in @entity1 with @entity1566 who continuously receive @entity974 for up to 1 month.

title: Effects of XXXX on cardiac repolarization, PR interval, and heart rate in @entity1 with @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-Aminopyridine', '4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT, and QTc intervals']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysrrhythmias']

answer: @entity973 :: (MESH:D015761,Chemical) :: ['4-aminopyridine']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity973 ( @entity974 ) on heart rate and PR, @entity1162 in @entity1 with longstanding @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Randomized, active-treatment-controlled, dose level-blinded study, with allocation concealed. SETTING: University-affiliated, tertiary care medical center. @entity1 : Sixty otherwise healthy male and female outpatients with traumatic @entity1566 of more than 1 year's duration. Intervention. Oral administration and dose titration to tolerance of an immediate-release formulation of @entity974 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The PR interval, heart rate, QT interval, and QTc interval obtained from standard 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) at baseline (before administration of @entity974 ) and after 1 month of treatment were compared. The QTc intervals were derived by using Bazett's formula (equation) incorporated into standard computerized analyses of 12-lead ECG printouts. The paired t test was performed to test for the significance of differences between means and variances. No statistically significant differences were noted in heart rate or between ECG time intervals measured at baseline and after 1 month of treatment with @entity974 among all @entity1 with @entity1566 or between subgroups stratified by injury level ( @entity1688 , @entity451 ) or sex. CONCLUSION: During the 1-month period that @entity974 was administered, the heart rate and PR, @entity1162 all remained unchanged and stayed well within normal range in comparison to literature-derived control values. @entity973 does not appear to influence the length of cardiac time intervals or heart rate and, hence, is unlikely to cause potentially life-threatening @entity67 when administered long-term and taken orally in dosages of up to 30 mg/day. Specifically, cardiac repolarization (QTc interval) is unaffected in @entity1 with @entity1566 who continuously receive @entity974 for up to 1 month.

title: Effects of @entity973 on cardiac repolarization, PR interval, and heart rate in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity973 ( @entity974 ) on heart rate and PR, @entity1162 in @entity1 with longstanding @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Randomized, active-treatment-controlled, dose level-blinded study, with allocation concealed. SETTING: University-affiliated, tertiary care medical center. @entity1 : Sixty otherwise healthy male and female outpatients with traumatic @entity1566 of more than 1 year's duration. Intervention. Oral administration and dose titration to tolerance of an immediate-release formulation of @entity974 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The PR interval, heart rate, QT interval, and QTc interval obtained from standard 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) at baseline (before administration of @entity974 ) and after 1 month of treatment were compared. The QTc intervals were derived by using Bazett's formula (equation) incorporated into standard computerized analyses of 12-lead ECG printouts. The paired t test was performed to test for the significance of differences between means and variances. No statistically significant differences were noted in heart rate or between ECG time intervals measured at baseline and after 1 month of treatment with @entity974 among all @entity1 with @entity1566 or between subgroups stratified by injury level ( @entity1688 , @entity451 ) or sex. CONCLUSION: During the 1-month period that @entity974 was administered, the heart rate and PR, @entity1162 all remained unchanged and stayed well within normal range in comparison to literature-derived control values. @entity973 does not appear to influence the length of cardiac time intervals or heart rate and, hence, is unlikely to cause potentially life-threatening @entity67 when administered long-term and taken orally in dosages of up to 30 mg/day. Specifically, cardiac repolarization (QTc interval) is unaffected in @entity1 with @entity1566 who continuously receive @entity974 for up to 1 month.

title: Effects of @entity973 on cardiac repolarization, PR interval, and heart rate in XXXX with @entity1566 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM OF STUDY: The study aimed to examine the knowledge and practice of @entity0 screening amongst Public Health nurses who are @entity1 educators. METHOD: A self-administered questionnaire was sent to all 447 nurses in the Public Health Service to assess their knowledge and practice of @entity0 screening. Response rate was 96.4%. Knowledge scores ranged from 0-17 with one point given to a correct knowledge question, zero for wrong answer. RESULTS: Median knowledge score was nine and 58.3% of nurses scored > or = 9. Statistically significant factors influencing knowledge scores were related to the nursing profession, namely nursing qualifications, current nursing post and current workplace. 76.2% of Nursing Officers/Higher Nursing Officers and 74.5% of midwives had knowledge scores > or = 9 compared with 57.3% of staff nurses and 40.8% of assistant nurses (p < 0.01). 60.1% of nurses who were taught breast-self examination scored > or = 9 (p < 0.05). As for practice, 93.7% of nurses did breast-self-examination, 54.1% had clinical breast examination in the past one year and 50.2% had mammogram done. On multivariate analysis, significant factors affecting practice of clinical breast examination were marital status (Prevalence Rate Ratio 1.94, 95% Confidence Interval 1.20-3.15), doctor's gender ( @entity6765 .35, CI 1.04-1.75) and those affecting mammogram were age group ( @entity6765 .78, CI 1.27-2.48), marital status ( @entity6765 .63, CI 1.03-2.59), history of @entity1558 ( @entity6765 .51, CI 1.06-2.16). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of nurses had certain misconceptions in the knowledge of @entity0 and @entity0 screening. A higher proportion of nurses in the Family Health Service had higher knowledge scores than other nurses in the Public Health Service. Most of the nurses did breast-self-examination. Having ever married and the availability of a female doctor influenced the nurses attending clinical breast examination. Nurses who were > or = 50 years old, ever married and those with a positive history of @entity1558 were more likely to have mammography done.

title: Knowledge and practice of XXXX screening amongst public health nurses in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The limitation of clinical-epidemiological know-how and evidence regarding therapeutic efficiency in @entity308 among the elderly and extremely elderly @entity1 has given rise to an excessive variety of practices in clinical care of these @entity1 in the Spanish health system. The Spanish Society of Psychogeriatrics (SEPG) has raised the question of the need to unify criteria through a structured approach based on professional consensus. OBJECTIVES: To develop an expert consensus of clinical recommendations to improve the clinical treatment of @entity308 in elderly @entity1 in Spain, sponsored by the Spanish Society of Psychogeriatrics (SEPG). METHODS: Modified Delphi Consensus, in two rounds. The study was conducted in four phases: 1) constitution of a Scientific Committee, project promoter and responsible for bibliographic review and formulation of recommendations for discussion 2) constitution of a multicenter Panel of Experts with representatives from this specialist field 3) postal survey comprised of two rounds, with interim processing of opinions and a report for the experts and 4) discussion of results during an on-site meeting of the Scientific Committee. RESULTS: The survey evaluation was completed by 61 experts consulted, in two rounds. In the first round, consensus was reached in 39 of the 54 questions analyzed. Following interaction by the panel, this consensus was increased to a total of 46 survey items (85% of the proposed contents). It was impossible to obtain a sufficiently unanimous consensus on the remaining 8 questions, either due to differences of opinion among the professionals or a lack of established criterion in most of the experts. CONCLUSIONS: A full list of criteria and clinical recommendations for the purpose of rationalizing the treatment of @entity308 in elderly @entity1 and reducing excessive variability in clinical practice is presented. The recommendations are qualified in accordance with the degree of consensus of the professionals endorsing them and can be considered valid until new scientific information becomes available that justifies their review.

title: Consensus of the SEPG on XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity1534 resistance to antimicrobial agents is an important factor compromising the efficacy of treatment. Therefore the aims of our study were: to determine the prevalence of @entity1534 resistance to @entity4581 , @entity868 , @entity115 and @entity803 in @entity1 prior to eradication therapy, to compare different methods of susceptibility testing and to detect mutations responsible for @entity4581 resistance. During 1996-2000, 259 @entity1534 strains were isolated from antral gastric biopsies. Susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined by the agar dilution method and the Etest. Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene associated with @entity4581 resistance were analysed by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing. Overall, ninety-six strains (37%) were resistant to @entity868 , 50 strains (19.3%) were resistant to @entity4581 , and 20 strains (7.7%) were simultaneously resistant to both drugs. All cultured isolates were sensitive to @entity115 and only one isolate (0.4%) was resistant to @entity803 . The agar dilution method and the Etest showed a perfect category correlation for @entity4581 and 4% discrepancies for @entity868 . Primary resistance to @entity4581 was mainly associated with an @entity26121 mutation in the 23S rRNA gene of @entity1534 . The study highlights the high prevalence of @entity1534 primary resistance to @entity4581 in Polish @entity1 , which implies a need for pretreatment susceptibility testing.

title: Primary resistance of XXXX @entity1534 to antimicrobial agents in Polish @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter']


abstract: @entity1534 resistance to antimicrobial agents is an important factor compromising the efficacy of treatment. Therefore the aims of our study were: to determine the prevalence of @entity1534 resistance to @entity4581 , @entity868 , @entity115 and @entity803 in @entity1 prior to eradication therapy, to compare different methods of susceptibility testing and to detect mutations responsible for @entity4581 resistance. During 1996-2000, 259 @entity1534 strains were isolated from antral gastric biopsies. Susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined by the agar dilution method and the Etest. Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene associated with @entity4581 resistance were analysed by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing. Overall, ninety-six strains (37%) were resistant to @entity868 , 50 strains (19.3%) were resistant to @entity4581 , and 20 strains (7.7%) were simultaneously resistant to both drugs. All cultured isolates were sensitive to @entity115 and only one isolate (0.4%) was resistant to @entity803 . The agar dilution method and the Etest showed a perfect category correlation for @entity4581 and 4% discrepancies for @entity868 . Primary resistance to @entity4581 was mainly associated with an @entity26121 mutation in the 23S rRNA gene of @entity1534 . The study highlights the high prevalence of @entity1534 primary resistance to @entity4581 in Polish @entity1 , which implies a need for pretreatment susceptibility testing.

title: Primary resistance of @entity1534 XXXX to antimicrobial agents in Polish @entity1 .

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['pylori']


abstract: @entity1534 resistance to antimicrobial agents is an important factor compromising the efficacy of treatment. Therefore the aims of our study were: to determine the prevalence of @entity1534 resistance to @entity4581 , @entity868 , @entity115 and @entity803 in @entity1 prior to eradication therapy, to compare different methods of susceptibility testing and to detect mutations responsible for @entity4581 resistance. During 1996-2000, 259 @entity1534 strains were isolated from antral gastric biopsies. Susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined by the agar dilution method and the Etest. Mutations in the 23S rRNA gene associated with @entity4581 resistance were analysed by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing. Overall, ninety-six strains (37%) were resistant to @entity868 , 50 strains (19.3%) were resistant to @entity4581 , and 20 strains (7.7%) were simultaneously resistant to both drugs. All cultured isolates were sensitive to @entity115 and only one isolate (0.4%) was resistant to @entity803 . The agar dilution method and the Etest showed a perfect category correlation for @entity4581 and 4% discrepancies for @entity868 . Primary resistance to @entity4581 was mainly associated with an @entity26121 mutation in the 23S rRNA gene of @entity1534 . The study highlights the high prevalence of @entity1534 primary resistance to @entity4581 in Polish @entity1 , which implies a need for pretreatment susceptibility testing.

title: Primary resistance of @entity1534 @entity1534 to antimicrobial agents in Polish XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Using 13 @entity1 undergoing operation of the bile duct, @entity6278 ( @entity6279 ) transport into the bile and the gallbladder tissue was investigated. One gram of @entity6279 was administered through drip infusion over 30 minutes every 12 hours. @entity6279 concentration in bile was measured for samples surgically collected about 103 minutes (75-141 minutes) after the start of @entity6279 administration. @entity6279 concentrations in bile samples collected from gallbladder were found to be as high as 326.6 +/- 432.3 micrograms/ml in @entity1 with neither @entity1087 nor @entity1448 , indicating sufficient @entity6279 transport. When @entity1448 were present, @entity6279 concentrations were very low, or moderately @entity1087 was also present. Changes in @entity6279 concentration were then measured over 6 hours after administration in @entity1 with an external biliary fistula every other day for a period of 7 days, from the first postoperation day. As for horal changes, @entity6279 concentration reached its peak in 2 hours after the start of administration in most cases. Maximum @entity6279 concentrations in @entity1 without @entity1087 were high, ranging from 313.3 to 1,232.3 micrograms/ml (mean, 641.2 micrograms/ml), and @entity6279 was found at 4.0-76.6 micrograms/ml (mean, 37.4 micrograms/ml), even after 6 hours. As for diurnal changes, @entity6279 was determined to be sufficiently transported into the bile from the first postoperation day. Although @entity6279 concentrations tended to be lower on the fifth postoperation day than on other days, there was no statistical significance in differences in daily concentrations examined. @entity6279 concentrations in gallbladder tissues were determined to be 22.7 4/- 32.1 micrograms/g, and they decreased over time exponentially.

title: [ XXXX transport into the bile, especially in the intra- and postoperative periods].

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'low if jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cystic duct obstruction', 'cystic duct obstructions']

entities_list: @entity6278 :: ('MESH:D015281', 'Chemical') :: ['cefmenoxime']

answer: @entity6278 :: (MESH:D015281,Chemical) :: ['Cefmenoxime']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relative effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy compared with colonoscopy to screen for @entity14 depends on the magnitude of the association between findings in the proximal and distal colon and the false-negative rate of screening sigmoidoscopy for proximal @entity5 . To address this, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of screening colonoscopy studies. METHODS: Published studies through July 31, 2000, of asymptomatic @entity1 undergoing screening colonoscopy were identified from the MEDLINE database. We generated pooled estimates of the odds ratio for the association between findings in the distal and proximal colon and the prevalence of isolated proximal @entity1412 . RESULTS: Using the sigmoid-descending colon junction to identify the beginning of the distal colon, the pooled odds ratio for the association between distal @entity6523 and any proximal @entity5 was 2.40 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42-4.05). Diminutive distal @entity6523 were also associated with proximal @entity5 (odds ratio, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.30-4.29). @entity1127 were not associated with proximal @entity5 (odds ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.79-2.62). The prevalence of isolated advanced proximal @entity5 in the 3 studies was 2%, 3%, and 5%. Using the sigmoid-descending colon junction to identify the beginning of the distal colon yields a pooled estimate of isolated proximal @entity5 of 16.3% (95% CI, 13.6%-19.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Distal @entity6523 , including diminutive distal @entity6523 , are associated with an increased prevalence of @entity5 . Two percent to 5% of @entity1 undergoing screening colonoscopy may have isolated advanced proximal @entity5 . Even more @entity1 may have isolated nonadvanced proximal @entity5 .

title: Detection of proximal XXXX with screening sigmoidoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of screening colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['Distal hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous proximal neoplasia', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous neoplasia']

answer: @entity6523 :: (MESH:D018256,Disease) :: ['adenomatous polyps']


abstract: Thirty-four heifers (24 Holstein, 8 Ayrshire, 2 Jersey) and 12 Holstein steer @entity291 were grouped into 23 blocks of 2 animals each according to breed, sex, and body weight. Animals in each block were randomly assigned to control or treated groups. The treated group received an anthelmintic bolus containing morantel tartrate before they were permitted access to pasture. A 2.6 ha pasture was divided in half with a double fence; the resulting two pastures had separate feed and water troughs. Steer @entity291 were slaughtered upon termination of the trial to ascertain @entity344 burdens. Two worm-free tracer @entity291 were placed on each pasture every 2 mo and slaughtered after 4 wk of grazing to determine parasite infectivity of pastures. Herbage samples were obtained monthly and analyzed for infective larvae. The trial was conducted for 141 d during the grazing season. Treatment resulted in 90% reduction in infective larvae on pasture, 74% reduction in fecal worm-eggs, 91% reduction in adult worm burdens, and a trend toward reduced worm burdens in tracer @entity291 by 52%. An overall average daily gain of .68 and .88 kg was obtained for control and treated animals. Reproductive data for the heifers remaining in the herd from the trial showed that treatment resulted in 44 less days to first breeding.

title: Efficacy of morantel tartrate in a sustained release bolus on the control of subclinical XXXX in first-year grazing dairy replacements.

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal parasite']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal parasitism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the 1960s, group A streptococcus (GAS) has accounted for less than 1% of cases of community-acquired @entity55 . During the @entity16247 decades there has been a resurgence of @entity3 , but no large study of @entity7706 has been performed. METHODS: To determine the clinical and epidemiologic features of @entity7706 , we conducted prospective, population-based surveillance of all @entity3 in residents of Ontario from January 1, 1992, through December 31, 1999. RESULTS: Of 2079 cases of @entity3 , 222 (11%) represented @entity7706 . The incidence of @entity7706 ranged from 0.16 per 100 000 in 1992 to 0.35 per 100 000 in 1999. Most cases were community acquired (81%). Forty-four percent of nursing home-acquired cases occurred during outbreaks. The case fatality rate was 38% for @entity7706 , compared with 12% for the entire cohort with @entity3 and 26% for @entity1 with @entity39 . The presence of streptococcal @entity137 (odds ratio, 19; 95% confidence interval, 8.4-42; P =.001) and increasing age (odds ratio per decade, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.7; P<.001) were associated with fatal outcome. Time to @entity204 was rapid, with a median of 2 days despite antimicrobial therapy and supportive measures. CONCLUSIONS: Group @entity883 is a common form of @entity3 but remains an uncommon cause of community-acquired @entity55 . Progression is rapid despite appropriate therapy. The incidence is similar to, and the case fatality rate higher than, that of @entity39 .

title: Clinical and epidemiologic features of group a XXXX in Ontario, Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['A streptococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['GAS pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive GAS disease', 'invasive GAS infection']

answer: @entity883 :: (MESH:D013290,Disease) :: ['streptococcal pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autologous blood therapy ( @entity14403 ) is used for treating @entity483 ( @entity483 ) in some European countries and is promoted on internet sites for this condition. However, there is little evidence from rigorous clinical trials to suggest that it is effective. OBJECTIVES: To test the effectiveness of @entity14403 for the symptomatic treatment of @entity1 with @entity483 . METHODS: Fifty subjects responded to press advertisements, and 31 were randomized within strata of severity at recruitment. @entity1 were included into a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and received @entity14403 or placebo once weekly for 5 weeks. Assessments were performed at baseline, at weekly intervals and after a 5-week follow up. The Six Area, Six Sign @entity483 (SASSAD) severity index was predefined as the primary outcome measure. The Dermatology Life Quality Index and @entity1 ratings of @entity111 , @entity25 and skin appearance on 100-mm visual analogue scales were defined as secondary outcome measures. Success of @entity1 blinding and adverse events were assessed. RESULTS: Data were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. Analysis of covariance suggested a significant differential change of the SASSAD score between baseline and the end of the follow-up period in favour of @entity14403 . The mean reduction in SASSAD score was 13.5 points (95% confidence interval, CI 6.6-20.4, P < 0.001) over and above placebo; the corresponding value at the end of treatment was 9.6 (95% CI 4.2-14.9, P = 0.001). No clear significant intergroup differences in any of the secondary outcome measures were found. Six @entity1 in the @entity14403 group and seven in the placebo group reported minor and transient adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that, according to the SASSAD score, @entity14403 has beneficial effects in the treatment of @entity483 , although this was not confirmed by the @entity1 -rated assessments. The improvement in observer-rated skin condition suggested by this study needs confirmation in larger trials.

title: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of autologous blood therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['quality of sleep']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: Nodular sclerotic change in @entity241 ( @entity241 ) is not a well-recognized event. @entity3808 is reported in three @entity1 with @entity241 : a 33-year-old @entity1 with a left subclavian mass, a 29-year-old @entity1 with a mass on the left crus and a 31-year-old @entity1 with a mass on the left cheek. Histologically, lesions consisted of two types of feature, one type being typical of @entity241 and the other being rich in collagen. In the first @entity1 , each type formed a distinct compartment, each of which contained scattered cells containing melanin pigment. In the second @entity1 , foci with typical @entity241 histology were distributed within the collagen-rich area and also formed a substantial compartment in the periphery of the lesion, with pigmented cells being distributed mainly in and around the cellular area. In the third @entity1 , the collagenous area occupied about half of the lesion. There was no pigmentation. In all three cases the collagen-rich area contained sparsely distributed fibroblast-like cells that stained positive with @entity2280 . @entity3808 in @entity241 could cause substantial difficulty in diagnosis if the biopsy material were partial and small. The clinical history and knowledge about the existence of this kind of histological variation in @entity241 are important.

title: Nodular sclerotic change in XXXX : a potential diagnostic problem.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ['dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'DFSP']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerotic change']

answer: @entity241 :: (MESH:D018223,Disease) :: ['dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans']


abstract: The value of @entity419 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in the detection of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) differs among the studies. This study aimed to evaluate the role of @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT in @entity189 . Fifty-one @entity1 (19 @entity1 , 32 @entity1 ) with @entity3 confirmed by histopathology from an unknown @entity5 were included in this study. @entity1 received 370 MBq of @entity419 intravenously, and PET/CT was performed at 60 minutes after injection. Primary @entity5 sites were detected in 5 of 51 @entity1 (9.6%): in 2 @entity1 with @entity2 , in 1 @entity1 with @entity1086 , in 1 @entity1 with @entity189 , and in 1 @entity1 with @entity189 . No @entity5 was discovered in the remaining 46 @entity1 (90.4%) during the follow-up. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT were 100%, 80.4%, and 82.4%. The positive and negative predictive values were 35.7 and 100%, respectively. Based on the data presented, @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT has a clinical implicative value in detecting the @entity5 of @entity189 . PET/CT can be useful to rule out the possibility of detecting the @entity5 during the follow-up.

title: Clinical implication of @entity419 PET/CT in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the stomach', 'CUP', 'carcinoma of the esophagus', 'carcinoma of unknown primary']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the gallbladder']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of unknown primary']


abstract: The value of @entity419 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in the detection of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) differs among the studies. This study aimed to evaluate the role of @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT in @entity189 . Fifty-one @entity1 (19 @entity1 , 32 @entity1 ) with @entity3 confirmed by histopathology from an unknown @entity5 were included in this study. @entity1 received 370 MBq of @entity419 intravenously, and PET/CT was performed at 60 minutes after injection. Primary @entity5 sites were detected in 5 of 51 @entity1 (9.6%): in 2 @entity1 with @entity2 , in 1 @entity1 with @entity1086 , in 1 @entity1 with @entity189 , and in 1 @entity1 with @entity189 . No @entity5 was discovered in the remaining 46 @entity1 (90.4%) during the follow-up. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT were 100%, 80.4%, and 82.4%. The positive and negative predictive values were 35.7 and 100%, respectively. Based on the data presented, @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT has a clinical implicative value in detecting the @entity5 of @entity189 . PET/CT can be useful to rule out the possibility of detecting the @entity5 during the follow-up.

title: Clinical implication of XXXX PET/CT in @entity189 .

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18)F-FDG']


abstract: A group of 168 families who lived in a peri-urban slum in Santiago were surveyed for 9 months. All of them had a @entity1 under 7 years of age. Medical activities and data collection were carried out at a Field Station and by means of twice-weekly visits to each home, at which time cases of @entity294 were recorded and investigated. Faecal samples for bacteriological, parasitological and rotavirus studies were obtained during each episode. The characteristics of clinical course, hygienic practices in the family, and monthly anthropometric measurements of @entity1 and toddlers were also recorded. The mean monthly incidence of @entity294 was 7.1 episodes per 100 @entity1 . Of the episodes, 44.2% were associated with pathogenic bacteria, 14.4% with rotavirus, 38.4% with parasites and in 27.9% no enteropathogens were identified. It was found that adequate hygienic habits were not associated with a decreased risk of developing @entity294 and that about 60% of @entity1 did not have @entity294 throughout the study period. The nutritional status was adequate in most cases: weight-for-age was below the 5th percentile in 11.5% of subjects and the height-for-age was normal in all. No moderate or severe cases of @entity3147 were detected.

title: Acute diarrhoeal disease in XXXX under 7 years of age in a peri-urban slum of Santiago, Chile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECT: The dynamics of fluid flow in normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH) are poorly understood. Normally, @entity2841 flows out of the brain through the ventricles. However, @entity67 during NPH may be caused by @entity2841 backflow into the brain through the ventricles. A previous study showed this reversal of flow; in the present study, the authors provide additional clinical data obtained in @entity1 with NPH and supplement these data with computer simulations to better understand the @entity2841 flow and ventricular wall displacement and emphasize its clinical implications. METHODS: Three NPH @entity1 and 1 @entity1 with @entity1276 underwent cine phase-contrast MR imaging (cine MR imaging) for measurement of @entity2841 flow and ventricle wall movement during the cardiac cycle. These data were compared to data previously obtained in 8 healthy volunteers. The @entity2841 flow measurements were obtained at the outlet of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Calculation of the ventricular wall movement was determined from the complete set of cine MR images obtained axially at the middle of the lateral ventricle. The data were obtained before and after @entity2841 removal with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt with an adjustable valve. To supplement the clinical data, a computational model was used to predict the transmural pressure and flow. RESULTS: In healthy volunteers, net @entity2841 aqueductal flow was 1.2 ml/minute in the craniocaudal direction. In @entity1 with NPH, the net @entity2841 flow was in the opposite direction--the caudocranial direction--before shunt placement. After shunting, the magnitude of the abnormal fluid flow decreased or reversed, with the flow resembling the normal flow patterns observed in healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' MR imaging-based measurements of the @entity2841 flow direction and lateral ventricle volume size change and the results of computer modeling of fluid dynamics lead them to conclude that the directional pattern and magnitude of @entity2841 flow in @entity1 with NPH may be an indication of the disease state. This has practical implications for shunt design and understanding the mechanisms that produce @entity1276 .

title: Ventricle wall movements and cerebrospinal fluid flow in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'aqueductal stenosis']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: A 25-year-old @entity1 was admitted to Juntendo University Hospital with chief complaints of @entity8632 and @entity851 of breath on Sept. 22, 1983. He had no history of @entity4789 or @entity3555 . He was violently kicked in the chest while practicing Shorinji-Kempo (Karate) in July 1977. His heart murmur was first noticed in April 1978, but he was asymptomatic for six years after the accident until transient @entity8632 developed January 1983. Physical examination on admission revealed a grade 4/6 apical holosystolic murmur, a markedly accentuated third sound, and @entity382 of two finger breadth in the right midclavicular line. An electrocardiogram revealed @entity7129 (100/min), left @entity955 and @entity4346 . Chest radiography showed slight @entity299 with a cardiothoracic ratio of 55%, and slightly increased pulmonary vascular markings. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed a markedly prolapsed posterior mitral leaflet and fluttering in diastole. Cardiac catheterization showed elevated pressure of pulmonary capillaries (a: 16, v: 30, mean: 19 mmHg), the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle. Left ventriculography revealed grade four (Sellers) @entity339 . Mitral valve replacement was performed on October 13, 1983. A chorda tendinae supporting the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve was found to be ruptured just above its origin from the posterior papillary muscle. Histological examination of the resected valve showed @entity101 tissue which mimicked so-called myxomatous changes, but it seemed preferable to interpret this as a "secondary change due to increased hemodynamic stress" rather than the "primary change".

title: [Traumatic XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['shortness']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased spongiosa']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac enlargement']

entities_list: @entity8632 :: ('MESH:D004418', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial overload']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral insufficiency']


abstract: We report a localized malignant @entity2615 of the epithelial type, occurring as a primary @entity99 in a 64-year-old male. He was found to have a mass located in the right lobe of the liver. Surgery was carried out with resection of the mass from the right hepatic lobe, with partial resection of the diaphragm. Grossly, an ill-defined @entity5 was present in the @entity99 . Histologically, the @entity5 displayed a predominant tubular pattern of growth with a @entity2269 . The tubules were lined by a single layer of cuboidal or flattened cells with pleomorphic vesicular nuclei. A hyaluronidase-digestible, @entity3558 -like substance was demonstrated in the lumen and @entity5 cytoplasm. The @entity5 cells were immunohistochemically positive for calretinin, HBME-1, cytokeratin, i.e. @entity1325 / @entity1326 and CAM 5.2, but negative for carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity2280 and Leu M1. Moreover, the @entity5 cells showed nuclear accumulation of the @entity876 oncopotein and reacted frequently with Ki-67 antibody. These findings support the concept that malignant @entity2615 of the epithelial type may occur at extrapleural sites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of localized malignant primary @entity2615 arising in the liver.

title: Localized malignant @entity2615 of the epithelial type occurring as a primary XXXX : a case report with review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic stroma']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic neoplasm', 'hepatic parenchyma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic neoplasm']


abstract: We report a localized malignant @entity2615 of the epithelial type, occurring as a primary @entity99 in a 64-year-old male. He was found to have a mass located in the right lobe of the liver. Surgery was carried out with resection of the mass from the right hepatic lobe, with partial resection of the diaphragm. Grossly, an ill-defined @entity5 was present in the @entity99 . Histologically, the @entity5 displayed a predominant tubular pattern of growth with a @entity2269 . The tubules were lined by a single layer of cuboidal or flattened cells with pleomorphic vesicular nuclei. A hyaluronidase-digestible, @entity3558 -like substance was demonstrated in the lumen and @entity5 cytoplasm. The @entity5 cells were immunohistochemically positive for calretinin, HBME-1, cytokeratin, i.e. @entity1325 / @entity1326 and CAM 5.2, but negative for carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity2280 and Leu M1. Moreover, the @entity5 cells showed nuclear accumulation of the @entity876 oncopotein and reacted frequently with Ki-67 antibody. These findings support the concept that malignant @entity2615 of the epithelial type may occur at extrapleural sites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of localized malignant primary @entity2615 arising in the liver.

title: Localized malignant XXXX of the epithelial type occurring as a primary @entity99 : a case report with review of the literature.

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: We present the clinical, radiographical and pathological features of low-grade @entity1492 of the left proximal humerus in a 23-year-old @entity1 in whom it was necessary to distinguish the @entity5 from @entity20392 , @entity1418 and intramedullary well-differentiated @entity421 . The @entity1 presented with a 10-day history of @entity158 in his left upper arm sustained when trying to break his fall with his left hand when slipping in the street. Plain radiography revealed an expanding multilobular osteolytic lesion from the proximal metaphysis to the diaphysis of his left humerus, accompanied by a pathological @entity174 at the distal portion of the lesion. Open biopsy of the lesion was performed twice; however, a conclusive diagnosis could not be obtained. The @entity1 underwent wide excision and prosthetic replacement of the left proximal humerus. Histologically, the resected @entity5 was composed of both cellular areas and hypocellular areas. Cellular areas revealed a proliferation of bundles of uniform fibroblastic spindle-shaped cells with minimal cellular atypia, mixed with abundant intercellular collagenization. Mitotic figures were occasionally seen. Hypocellular areas showed myxoid features with loose bundles of collagen fibers. The @entity1 demonstrates no evidence of disease 42 months after surgery. It is important to detect the scant atypical cells for the differential diagnosis of low-grade @entity1492 and @entity20392 of bone.

title: Low-grade XXXX of the proximal humerus.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity20392 :: ('MESH:D018220', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic fibroma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity1492 :: (MESH:D005354,Disease) :: ['fibrosarcoma']


abstract: The @entity19 local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been developed as a test method to assess @entity3408 . In spite of the validity of the LLNA, attention was drawn to the two disadvantages: use of radioactivity for in vivo measurement of lymph node cell proliferation ( @entity665 labeling) and the possibility of false positive results caused by non-specific cell activation as a result of inflammatory processes in the skin (irritation). We aimed to investigate the following non-radioactive endpoints of LLNA: @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) incorporation ex vivo and in vivo, in vivo and ex vivo cytokine production with or without phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. Here, 8-12-week-old female BALB/c @entity19 were treated topically with the strong sensitizer @entity14823 ( @entity3304 ) in @entity1324 :olive oil (AOO, 4:1 [v/v]) at levels of 0.025, 0.05, 0.01, or 0.25% (w/v). Ear thickness was also measured to determine the differentiation index (DI) indicating the proportion of non-specific activation due to irritating properties of test compound. At the concentration of 0.05%, stimulation index (SI) value was found to be 3 for @entity3304 based on in vivo and ex vivo @entity1603 incorporation. The results of the in vivo and ex vivo non-radioactive LLNA assays were compatible both with each other and with previous radioactive LLNA data. Our results indicate that non-radioactive endpoints may be used as an alternative to the @entity665 LLNA. The levels of T(H)1 cytokines ( @entity2047 and IFNy) and T(H)2 cytokines ( @entity58 and @entity59 ) in lymph node cell cultures were significantly (P   <   0.01) increased when @entity3304 was applied at the concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1%, respectively. As the DI was > 1, the applied concentrations of @entity3304 caused only allergic effect but not any irritant effect. This study reports that the use of these non-radioactive endpoints can assess @entity3408 caused by chemicals.

title: Evaluation of auricular lymph node cell lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production as non-radioactive endpoints during XXXX contact allergy.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity14823 :: ('CHEBI:34718', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Removal of the prothoracic glands early during the 5th instar of @entity4079 prevented the larvae from wandering and from further development. Infusion of @entity11088 (20-HE) into these larvae induced wandering behaviour. In intact larvae, induction of precocious wandering behaviour required a 20-HE infusion lasting longer than 5 h. Infused 20-HE induced maximal response (90%) when delivered at a rate of 0.06 micrograms g-1 body weight h-1. At considerably higher concentrations (0.25 micrograms g-1 h-1 larvae performed brief, erratic behaviour or omitted wandering entirely. The latency between appearance of 20-HE and the onset of wandering was dose-dependent with a minimum of 11 h following infusion at 0.1 micrograms g-1 h-1. Latency was not affected by the duration of 20-HE infusion. The duration of induced wandering behaviour was proportional to the duration of 20-HE infusion. Minimal wandering behaviour lasted 2 h following 20-HE infusions at 5 h, while infusions lasting 11 h induced 9 h of wandering behaviour. Several lines of evidence suggest that the effects of 20-HE accumulate over time and directly determine the duration of wandering behaviour. Many larvae exhibited a series of temporally distinct locomotor periods following various 20-HE infusion protocols, suggesting that a series of separate exposures to 20-HE can result in corresponding serial bouts of locomotion. @entity6372 to 20-HE appeared to be principally modulated by @entity2338 . Allatectomy of 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae removed @entity2338 ( @entity2338 ) precociously from these stages and was followed several days later by precocious wandering behaviour. Likewise, application of the @entity2338 mimic, EGS, prior to 20-HE exposure or at the start of it, could prevent the behavioural induction. During the 5th instar, 20-HE became increasingly effective in inducing wandering as larvae grew larger than 5 g, the size at which @entity2338 normally begins to disappear from the haemolymph. Allatectomized 5th instar larvae responded directly to 20-HE a day sooner than larvae with normal @entity2338 titres, but before day 2 the effects of 20-HE on wandering behaviour appear to be indirect, requiring a latency greater than 24 h. Several processes, of which the elimination of @entity2338 is the last, appear to be required before 20-HE can induce wandering behaviour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The physiology of wandering behaviour in XXXX . II. The endocrine control of wandering behaviour.

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile hormone', 'JH']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['Responsiveness']

entities_list: @entity11088 :: ('MESH:D004441', 'Chemical') :: ['20-hydroxyecdysone']

answer: @entity4079 :: (7130,Species) :: ['Manduca sexta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peak strain has been promising as an index of wall motion but it is sometimes susceptible to the image quality. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the feasibility of a novel index, transmural @entity296 gradient (TMSG), derived from @entity296 M-mode imaging (TDI-Q, Toshiba) for quantifying regional systolic wall motion. METHOD: We measured transmural @entity296 distribution at the left ventricular lateral, posterior, inferior, septal, anteroseptal and anterior walls in the basal and midventricular short-axis images using TDI-Q. Twenty normals (35    3 years) and 35 consecutive @entity1 (63    9 years) with @entity453 (CAD, 19 @entity1 with old @entity583 , 4 @entity1 with @entity583 , 12 @entity1 with @entity951 ) were studied. Peak strain, endocardial- and @entity6475 and TMSG ((peak strain, - epicardial strain)/distance between peak and @entity1166 ) were obtained. Coefficient of variation (CV) of each index was calculated. RESULTS: In control subjects, the best reproducibility of the variables was obtained for TMSG with the smallest CV (11.6%) (27.8%, 28.1%, and 35.5%, respectively for CV of peak strain, endocardial- and @entity6475 ). All segments in control subjects and normal segments in CAD @entity1 showed no significant difference in TMSG (15.1    1.8 vs. 15.1    1.6%/mm, P = ns). TMSG was the lowest for @entity2845 segments and highest for the normal segments (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TMSG was more robust than simple strain values to quantitatively assess wall motion. This could successfully identify subtle regional differences in wall function.

title: Transmural XXXX gradient: a new and robust quantitative index of left ventricular wall motion based on @entity296 imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial strain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial points']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial-half strain']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial strain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peak strain has been promising as an index of wall motion but it is sometimes susceptible to the image quality. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the feasibility of a novel index, transmural @entity296 gradient (TMSG), derived from @entity296 M-mode imaging (TDI-Q, Toshiba) for quantifying regional systolic wall motion. METHOD: We measured transmural @entity296 distribution at the left ventricular lateral, posterior, inferior, septal, anteroseptal and anterior walls in the basal and midventricular short-axis images using TDI-Q. Twenty normals (35    3 years) and 35 consecutive @entity1 (63    9 years) with @entity453 (CAD, 19 @entity1 with old @entity583 , 4 @entity1 with @entity583 , 12 @entity1 with @entity951 ) were studied. Peak strain, endocardial- and @entity6475 and TMSG ((peak strain, - epicardial strain)/distance between peak and @entity1166 ) were obtained. Coefficient of variation (CV) of each index was calculated. RESULTS: In control subjects, the best reproducibility of the variables was obtained for TMSG with the smallest CV (11.6%) (27.8%, 28.1%, and 35.5%, respectively for CV of peak strain, endocardial- and @entity6475 ). All segments in control subjects and normal segments in CAD @entity1 showed no significant difference in TMSG (15.1    1.8 vs. 15.1    1.6%/mm, P = ns). TMSG was the lowest for @entity2845 segments and highest for the normal segments (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: TMSG was more robust than simple strain values to quantitatively assess wall motion. This could successfully identify subtle regional differences in wall function.

title: Transmural @entity296 gradient: a new and robust quantitative index of left ventricular wall motion based on XXXX imaging.

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial strain']


abstract: In @entity55 , extracellular matrix destruction is common and may be caused by excessive activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Thirty @entity1 with @entity55 and 16 control subjects were studied. We evaluated the concentrations of @entity5952 , @entity1495 , and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in mini-bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (mini-BALF) and blood using zymography and specific immunoassays. In @entity1 with @entity55 concentrations of @entity5952 and @entity1495 in mini-BALF were increased 10-fold, whereas their specific inhibitor tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was not concomitantly increased. In 80% of @entity1 with @entity55 , but in none of the control subjects, the active form of @entity1495 was detected by zymography. Zymography furthermore showed the banding pattern of neutrophil-derived @entity1495 , indicating that neutrophils were the main source of @entity1495 . Comparison of neutrophils from blood and mini-BALF showed higher basal release of MMPs by pulmonary neutrophils. Stimulation analysis indicated that pulmonary neutrophils were already maximally activated. In @entity1 with detection of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, concentrations of MMPs were fivefold increased compared with @entity1 with negative cultures. Furthermore, MMP-levels were related to clinical severity. These are the first data suggesting that neutrophil-derived MMPs are increased in @entity55 in association to the detection of causative microorganisms and clinical severity.

title: Pulmonary matrix metalloproteinase excess in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'hospital-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['hospital-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tissue factor (TF), the @entity3459 cascade, is expressed by cells in @entity731 . @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) is a component of oxidized lipoproteins and an agent released by activated platelets. The present study investigated whether and how TF expression is regulated by @entity4991 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Northern blotting, Western blotting, and TF activity assays demonstrated that @entity4991 markedly induced TF mRNA, protein, and activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. @entity4991 -induced TF expression is primarily controlled at the transcriptional level. Phosphorylation of @entity8047 ( @entity8047 ) and extracellular signaling-regulated kinases ( @entity1366 ) was rapidly and markedly induced by @entity4991 . @entity8047 inhibitors @entity5732 and @entity4286 blocked both ERK activation and the increase in TF mRNA. In contrast, the specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor @entity1441 had no effect on @entity4991 -induced TF mRNA increase. The Galpha(i) protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin, abolished @entity4991 -induced phosphorylation of MEKs and ERKs, as well as the induction of TF mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that a Galpha(i) protein and activation of MEKs and ERKs mediate @entity4991 -induced TF expression. Our data suggest that elevated @entity4991 could be a thrombogenic risk factor by upregulating TF expression. These results may have important implications in vascular remodeling and @entity455 .

title: XXXX induction of tissue factor expression in aortic smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity8047 :: ('5609', 'Gene') :: ['mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase', 'MEK']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['initiator of the coagulation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

answer: @entity4990 :: (MESH:C032881,Chemical) :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']


abstract: Monitoring clinical signs in unconscious @entity1 provides only late information about cerebral deterioration. Ischaemia and @entity519 are the mechanisms of much of the damage. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements provide direct evidence of ischaemia but are intermittent values for what may be an unstable situation. Continuous recordings of CBF and oxygenation are more likely to reveal harmful tendencies to ischaemia and @entity519 at an early stage than intermittent readings. We report our experience with intermittent and also continuous recording of the jugular venous bulb @entity26 saturation (JVO2Sat) obtained by fibreoptic oximetry in a group of 10 head injured and 7 septic @entity1 . Simultaneous measurements of CBF by an isotopic xenon clearance method were also made. The JVO2Sat has been suggested to be a reliable indicator of cerebral oxygenation, a low value being indicative of ischaemia. We discuss whether our findings support this statement. There are also variations in JVO2Sat with mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure. These variations have important implications in the interpretation that can be made of one single value of JVO2Sat.

title: The use of intermittent and continuous recordings of jugular venous bulb XXXX saturation in the unconscious @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Monitoring clinical signs in unconscious @entity1 provides only late information about cerebral deterioration. Ischaemia and @entity519 are the mechanisms of much of the damage. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements provide direct evidence of ischaemia but are intermittent values for what may be an unstable situation. Continuous recordings of CBF and oxygenation are more likely to reveal harmful tendencies to ischaemia and @entity519 at an early stage than intermittent readings. We report our experience with intermittent and also continuous recording of the jugular venous bulb @entity26 saturation (JVO2Sat) obtained by fibreoptic oximetry in a group of 10 head injured and 7 septic @entity1 . Simultaneous measurements of CBF by an isotopic xenon clearance method were also made. The JVO2Sat has been suggested to be a reliable indicator of cerebral oxygenation, a low value being indicative of ischaemia. We discuss whether our findings support this statement. There are also variations in JVO2Sat with mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure. These variations have important implications in the interpretation that can be made of one single value of JVO2Sat.

title: The use of intermittent and continuous recordings of jugular venous bulb @entity26 saturation in the unconscious XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the long-term results of bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) intravesical therapy in relation to disease progression and recurrence in primary T1 high-grade (HG) @entity150 ( @entity150 ) confirmed by central pathological review. @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 136 @entity1 from two university centres (Rotterdam, n = 49; Toronto, n = 87) were diagnosed with primary T1HG @entity150 . One experienced uro-pathologist reviewed all slides, ensuring all cases were indeed HG and that muscle was present in all specimens. @entity1 were treated with BCG induction (six instillations) after transurethral resection (TUR) of the @entity5 and followed with cystoscopy and urinary cytology. Predictors for recurrence, progression and survival were assessed with multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS: Mean (range) follow-up was 6.5 (0.3-21.6) years. There were no significant differences for recurrence (P = 0.52), progression (P = 0.35) and disease-specific survival (DSS) (P = 0.69) between the two centres. Among the cohort, 47 @entity1 (35%) recurred and 42 (30.9%) progressed with a median time to progression of 2.1 years; 16 (38%) of these progressions occurred >=  3 years after the initial BCG course; 22 (16%) @entity1 who progressed died from @entity150 . Overall, 96 (71%) @entity1 had no evidence of disease at the last follow-up. @entity189 in situ was the only independent predictor for recurrence in multivariate analysis (P = 0.011). No independent predictors were found for progression. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative treatment with BCG is a valid option in primary T1HG @entity150 . Nevertheless, the aggressive nature of T1HG @entity150 is evident in the fact that 30% progressed, with a high proportion of these progression events occurring >=  3 years after BCG. Caution should be exercised when relying on the long-term effects of BCG, and close follow-up of these @entity1 should not be neglected.

title: Long-term follow-up of T1 high-grade XXXX after intravesical bacille Calmette-Gu  rin treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['BC', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Demodicidosis is a @entity272 caused by the follicle mites Demodex sp. In this article, we present a case of @entity6509 -like demodicidosis, discuss the clinical features of @entity277 in @entity1 and review their diagnosis and therapeutic modalities. A 37-year-old @entity1 presented in our department with @entity14985 present for one year. On physical examination, the @entity1 presented @entity14985 and papulovesicles with fine scaling limited to the face. There was no telangectasia. The @entity1 did not report flushing episodes or any kind of photosensitivity. A diagnosis of @entity6509 -like demodicidosis and Demodex @entity14985 was based on the presence of numerous Demodex folliculorum in the eyelashes and scrapings of @entity272 . The @entity1 was put on topic and oral @entity868 for 2  months and on yellow @entity349 ointment for 15  days. The course involved disappearance of the facial mites and complete remission without recurrence. Screening for Demodex sp is essential to establish the correct diagnosis and ensure suitable treatment.

title: [ @entity6509 -like demodicidosis and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity14985 :: ('MESH:D001762', 'Disease') :: ['chronic blepharitis', 'blepharitis']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['Demodex infestation']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions', 'parasitic skin disease']

answer: @entity14985 :: (MESH:D001762,Disease) :: ['chronic blepharitis']


abstract: Demodicidosis is a @entity272 caused by the follicle mites Demodex sp. In this article, we present a case of @entity6509 -like demodicidosis, discuss the clinical features of @entity277 in @entity1 and review their diagnosis and therapeutic modalities. A 37-year-old @entity1 presented in our department with @entity14985 present for one year. On physical examination, the @entity1 presented @entity14985 and papulovesicles with fine scaling limited to the face. There was no telangectasia. The @entity1 did not report flushing episodes or any kind of photosensitivity. A diagnosis of @entity6509 -like demodicidosis and Demodex @entity14985 was based on the presence of numerous Demodex folliculorum in the eyelashes and scrapings of @entity272 . The @entity1 was put on topic and oral @entity868 for 2  months and on yellow @entity349 ointment for 15  days. The course involved disappearance of the facial mites and complete remission without recurrence. Screening for Demodex sp is essential to establish the correct diagnosis and ensure suitable treatment.

title: [ XXXX -like demodicidosis and @entity14985 ].

answer: @entity6509 :: (MESH:D012393,Disease) :: ['Rosacea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronary computed tomography (CCT) detects coronary obstruction with high sensitivity and might be useful for diagnosis of @entity951 . AIM: In this pilot study, we sought to prospectively evaluate the performance of CCT as initial work up and determine the significance of this strategy according to the pretest likelihood of having @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS: One hundred and eighty @entity1 with chest discomfort and suspected angina were prospectively referred for CCT with a 64-slice CT scan. Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was performed on the basis of CCT findings ( @entity850 >50%). @entity1 were classified into tertiles according to estimated pretest probability of obstructive @entity453 using the Duke Clinical Score (low, intermediate and high). Strategy failure was defined as unnecessary ICA or major adverse cardiac event (MACE) within 6 months in @entity1 without significant @entity850 by CCT. RESULTS: Pretest probability for @entity453 was 53    29%. Significant @entity850 was detected by CCT in 51 @entity1 ; 47 (26%) underwent ICA. Sixteen strategy failures were reported: 15 @entity1 (10%) were referred for @entity6455 that did not confirm significant @entity3979 and one MACE occurred in a @entity1 without significant @entity850 by CCT. Strategy failures were 8% in low-probability, 1.7% in intermediate-probability and 15% in high-probability @entity1 (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: CCT as an initial step for angina diagnosis is most effective in @entity1 with an intermediate probability of @entity453 . In @entity1 with low or high likelihood, it is associated with a high rate of unnecessary ICA but not with adverse events.

title: Routine use of coronary computed tomography as initial diagnostic test for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most frequent cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is @entity1576 . Recently, it has been shown that non-invasive ventilation improves survival and quality of life in @entity746 @entity1 with @entity1576 , but little is known about predictors of non-invasive ventilation adaptation and tolerance. In this study we evaluated the effect of a comprehensive information about non-invasive ventilation use and a prolonged and intensive monitoring on tolerance to this palliative care. METHODS: We prospectively monitored all consecutive @entity746 @entity1 with @entity1576 and indication to non-invasive ventilation between January 2005 and December 2007. Non-invasive ventilation adaptation was always performed in a hospital setting. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 were considered eligible: six declined the non-invasive ventilation proposal and one was excluded due to severe fronto-temporal @entity303 . Non-invasive ventilation was offered to thirty-seven inpatients in our @entity746 Centre, thirty-two of whom presented with severe (n=9) or mild-moderate (n=23) @entity73 at non-invasive ventilation initiation. The mean time interval for adaptation to ventilation was 5  2 days, but @entity1 remained in hospital for an average extended period of one week. Thirty-five of the 37 @entity1 who started non-invasive ventilation, including those with severe @entity73 , remained tolerant at twelve months follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that an intensive educational training and adaptation on non-invasive ventilation, when performed in a hospital multidisciplinary setting, increases compliance and tolerance over time, even in those @entity1 with severe @entity73 . However, the design of our study, mainly based on a continuous monitoring and educational training of the @entity1 , might not make it fully applicable to an outpatients setting.

title: Predictors of non-invasive ventilation tolerance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['bulbar impairment']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'chronic respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate early and late results of open (OR) and @entity439 repair by iliac side branch device (EVRISB) for @entity439 involving the iliac bifurcation ( @entity30606 ). METHODS: Between January 2004 and March 2010, 118 @entity1 were diagnosed with AIBs and underwent OR or EVRISB at two European vascular centers. Particularly, 64 (54.2%) @entity1 were treated by EVRISB and 54 (45.8%) by OR. In one center, 24 consecutive @entity1 were treated by surgery because this was the standard therapeutic approach until January 2005. For the rest of the study period until March 2010, 64 consecutive @entity1 with @entity30606 suitable for EVRISB underwent placement of branched devices. In the other center, 30 consecutive @entity1 with AIBs were treated by OR because advanced endovascular imaging was not available during the study period. RESULTS: No significant differences in demographics, anatomical characteristics, or comorbidities of the @entity1 were recorded between the two groups. Early (30-day) mortality was 0% for EVRISB versus 5.5% for the OR group (P < .001). Major morbidity occurred in 4.6% versus 9.3% of the @entity1 subgroups, respectively (P < .001). Buttock claudication and @entity63 were recorded in 5.9% and 2% of OR @entity1 compared with 3.1% and 0% of EVRISB cases (P > .05). Primary patency rates were 98.4% for EVRISB and 100% for OR @entity1 . Primary and secondary endoleak rates of the EVRISB group were 12.5% and 6.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular repair by iliac branch device of @entity439 involving the iliac bifurcation can be accomplished with very low morbidity and mortality rates. Especially for young active @entity1 or in cases of @entity432 , the preservation of hypogastric artery seems to be a strong argument for use of EVRISB as a preferable therapy option.

title: Surgical versus endovascular repair by iliac branch device of XXXX involving the iliac bifurcation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['colonic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral occlusion']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']