abstract: The term @entity7785 encompasses compounds produced by the plant Cannabis sativa, such as @entity839 , and synthetic counterparts. Their actions occur mainly through activation of cannabinoid type 1 ( @entity6510 ) receptors. @entity9393 ( @entity9393 ) and @entity9394 (2-AG) serve as major endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) of @entity6510 receptors. Hence, the cannabinoid receptors, the endocannabinoids, and their metabolizing enzymes comprise the endocannabinoid system. @entity7785 induce diverse responses on @entity148 - and fear-related behaviors. Generally, low doses tend to induce anxiolytic-like effects, whereas high doses often cause the opposite. Inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation seems to circumvent these biphasic effects by enhancing @entity6510 receptor signaling in a temporarily and spatially restricted manner, thus reducing @entity148 -like behaviors. Pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of @entity6510 receptors, in turn, primarily exerts anxiogenic-like effects and impairments in extinction of aversive memories. Interestingly, pharmacological blockade of @entity13812 ( @entity13812 ) channel, which can be activated by @entity9393 as well, has diametrically opposite consequences. This book chapter summarizes and conceptualizes our current knowledge about the role of (endo) @entity7785 in fear and @entity148 and outlines implications for an exploitation of the endocannabinoid system as a target for new anxiolytic drugs.

title: XXXX and @entity148 .

entities_list: @entity7785 :: ('MESH:D002186', 'Chemical') :: ['cannabinoids', 'Cannabinoids']

entities_list: @entity839 :: ('MESH:D013759', 'Chemical') :: ['delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol']

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-arachidonoyl glycerol']

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide', 'Arachidonoyl ethanolamide']

entities_list: @entity13812 :: ('7442', 'Gene') :: ['Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type-1', 'TRPV1']

answer: @entity7785 :: (MESH:D002186,Chemical) :: ['Cannabinoids']


abstract: The term @entity7785 encompasses compounds produced by the plant Cannabis sativa, such as @entity839 , and synthetic counterparts. Their actions occur mainly through activation of cannabinoid type 1 ( @entity6510 ) receptors. @entity9393 ( @entity9393 ) and @entity9394 (2-AG) serve as major endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids) of @entity6510 receptors. Hence, the cannabinoid receptors, the endocannabinoids, and their metabolizing enzymes comprise the endocannabinoid system. @entity7785 induce diverse responses on @entity148 - and fear-related behaviors. Generally, low doses tend to induce anxiolytic-like effects, whereas high doses often cause the opposite. Inhibition of endocannabinoid degradation seems to circumvent these biphasic effects by enhancing @entity6510 receptor signaling in a temporarily and spatially restricted manner, thus reducing @entity148 -like behaviors. Pharmacological blockade or genetic deletion of @entity6510 receptors, in turn, primarily exerts anxiogenic-like effects and impairments in extinction of aversive memories. Interestingly, pharmacological blockade of @entity13812 ( @entity13812 ) channel, which can be activated by @entity9393 as well, has diametrically opposite consequences. This book chapter summarizes and conceptualizes our current knowledge about the role of (endo) @entity7785 in fear and @entity148 and outlines implications for an exploitation of the endocannabinoid system as a target for new anxiolytic drugs.

title: @entity7785 and XXXX .

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the 12-month results of a modified 360-degree suture trabeculotomy (ST) technique in @entity1 with @entity9998 ( @entity9998 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The modified 360-degree ST was performed on 20 eyes of 20 consecutive @entity1 with @entity9998 resistant to maximal topical treatment. In 8 @entity1 , ST was combined with phacoemulsification. The main outcome measures were the surgical success rate, the mean postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of antiglaucoma medications, and the operative complications. RESULTS: The baseline IOP (26.55  8.91) and medications (3.15  0.81) decreased significantly to 10.90  2.73 mm Hg and 0.30  0.80, respectively, at 12 months postoperatively (P<0.001). The magnitude of IOP reduction was 58.9%. Complete and qualified success rates were 68.4% and 94.7%, respectively. The entire circumference of Schlemm's canal was opened successfully in all cases. @entity5891 , perforation of the trabeculodesmetic window, posterior @entity5862 , peripheral anterior @entity5862 , and a transient elevation of the IOP were noted. The results are comparable to our 6-month results and other previously published results for circumferential trabeculotomy. CONCLUSIONS: The modified 360-degree ST provides a feasible choice in @entity1 with @entity9998 with a reasonable rate of complications. The 12-month success rates are promising. It can also be combined effectively with the current @entity231 surgery.

title: Modified 360-degree Suture Trabeculotomy for XXXX : 12-Month Results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['XFG', 'pseudoexfoliation glaucoma']

answer: @entity9998 :: (MESH:D017889,Disease) :: ['Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze outcome and complications after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in @entity1 with @entity1467 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The medical records of all @entity1 with @entity1467 and PK from 1985 were reviewed retrospectively. Age, sex, @entity262 , communication, indication for surgery and surgical technique, age at first PK, complications, @entity227 and best corrected @entity227 and findings at last follow-up were noted. Age matched mentally non-retarded @entity1 with @entity9042 and PK served as a control group. RESULTS: All eyes of 9 @entity1 had @entity9042 , 16 were operated. Indication for surgery was spontaneous perforation in 3 and refractive in the remaining 13 eyes. Five grafts were clear at last follow-up. In 7 eyes, at least 1 re-PK had to be performed. Seven eyes developed graft rejection and 4 eyes needed conjunctival grafting because of non-healing epithelial defects. Ten eyes developed @entity231 , 3 secondary @entity726 . In the control group 22 out of 25 operated corneas were clear at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Prognosis of PK in @entity1 with @entity1467 is worse than in other @entity1 with @entity9042 . Poor results are not only explained due to the lack of cooperation of @entity1 , but also because of: 1) high rate of emergency procedures (3/16), 2) presence of lid anomalies and 3) very advanced @entity9042 , necessitating bigger sized grafts, leading to frequent immunological reactions, suture loosening and secondary @entity726 . Indication for PK in @entity1467 @entity1 with @entity9042 and floppy eyelids should be very restrictive. @entity260 and the high rejection rate might be decreased by performing @entity9762 as this would not be an intraocular procedure.

title: [Penetrating keratoplasty in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['deep lamellar keratoplasty']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down's syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Precise cell cycle control is critical for plant development and responses to pathogen invasion. Two homologous cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) genes, @entity72475 (SIM) and SIM-RELATED 1 (SMR1), were recently shown to regulate @entity958 defense. However whether these two genes play differential roles in cell cycle and defense control is unknown. In this report, we showed that while acting synergistically to promote endoreplication, SIM and SMR1 play different roles in affecting the ploidy of trichome and leaf cells. In addition, we found that the smr1-1 mutant but not sim-1 was more susceptible to a virulent @entity3437 and this susceptibility could be rescued by activating @entity3785 (SA)-mediated defense. Consistent with these results, smr1-1 partially suppressed dwarfism, high SA levels, and cell death phenotypes in acd6-1, a mutant used to gauge the change of defense levels. Thus SMR1 functions partly through SA in defense control. The differential roles of SIM and SMR1 are due to differences in temporal and spatial expression of these two genes in @entity958 tissues and in response to @entity3437 @entity281 . In addition flow cytometry analysis of plants with altered SA signaling revealed that SA is necessary but not sufficient to change cell cycle progression. We further found that a mutant with three CYCD3 genes disrupted also compromised disease resistance to @entity3437 . Together this study reveals differential roles of two homologous CKIs in regulating cell cycle progression and innate immunity in @entity958 and provides insights into the importance of cell cycle control during host-pathogen interactions.

title: Differential Roles of Two Homologous Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Genes in Regulating Cell Cycle and Innate Immunity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3437 :: ('317', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas syringae strain', 'P. syringae']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The influence of lower limb venous compliance on orthostatic @entity907 is uncertain. The most widespread technique to calculate venous compliance uses a non-physiological quadratic regression equation. The aim was therefore to construct a physiologically derived venous wall model for calculation of @entity291 venous compliance, and to determine the effect of venous compliance on tolerance to maximal lower body negative pressure (LBNP). @entity432 plethysmography was used to study @entity291 volume changes in 15 @entity1 with @entity907 (25.5  1.3 yrs.) and 15 controls (22.8  0.8 yrs.). The fit of the venous wall model and the regression equation to the experimentally induced pressure-volume curve were examined. Venous compliance was calculated as the derivative of the modeled pressure-volume relation. Graded LBNP to presyncope was used to determine LBNP tolerance index (LTI). The venous wall model displayed a better fit to the experimentally induced pressure-volume curve (P<0.0001). @entity291 blood pooling was similar in the groups and was uncorrelated to LTI (r=0.204, P=0.30). Venous compliance was significantly reduced at low venous pressures in vasovagal @entity1 (P=0.042), and correlated to LTI (r=0.459, P=0.014) at the low pressure range. No correlation between venous compliance at high venous pressures and LTI was found. In conclusion, the new venous wall model accurately adopted the curvilinear pressure-volume curve, providing a valid characterization of venous compliance. Reduced venous compliance at low venous pressures may adversely affect mobilization of peripheral venous blood to the central circulation during hypovolemic circulatory stress in @entity1 with @entity907 .

title: Reduced venous compliance - an important determinant for orthostatic intolerance in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['vasovagal syncope']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The influence of lower limb venous compliance on orthostatic @entity907 is uncertain. The most widespread technique to calculate venous compliance uses a non-physiological quadratic regression equation. The aim was therefore to construct a physiologically derived venous wall model for calculation of @entity291 venous compliance, and to determine the effect of venous compliance on tolerance to maximal lower body negative pressure (LBNP). @entity432 plethysmography was used to study @entity291 volume changes in 15 @entity1 with @entity907 (25.5  1.3 yrs.) and 15 controls (22.8  0.8 yrs.). The fit of the venous wall model and the regression equation to the experimentally induced pressure-volume curve were examined. Venous compliance was calculated as the derivative of the modeled pressure-volume relation. Graded LBNP to presyncope was used to determine LBNP tolerance index (LTI). The venous wall model displayed a better fit to the experimentally induced pressure-volume curve (P<0.0001). @entity291 blood pooling was similar in the groups and was uncorrelated to LTI (r=0.204, P=0.30). Venous compliance was significantly reduced at low venous pressures in vasovagal @entity1 (P=0.042), and correlated to LTI (r=0.459, P=0.014) at the low pressure range. No correlation between venous compliance at high venous pressures and LTI was found. In conclusion, the new venous wall model accurately adopted the curvilinear pressure-volume curve, providing a valid characterization of venous compliance. Reduced venous compliance at low venous pressures may adversely affect mobilization of peripheral venous blood to the central circulation during hypovolemic circulatory stress in @entity1 with @entity907 .

title: Reduced venous compliance - an important determinant for orthostatic intolerance in XXXX with @entity907 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to estimate the early breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) following uneventful @entity231 surgery in @entity1 with @entity2175 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Aqueous flare was estimated in 54 @entity6 before and after @entity231 surgery. Fifteen eyes underwent uneventful ECCE (extracapsular @entity231 extraction with "can opener" capsulotomy) and 39 phacoemulsification with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. All procedures were performed by experienced surgeons. Fifty six eyes of age-matched healthy @entity1 undergoing uncomplicated @entity231 surgery served, as control. Anterior chamber flare was quantified preoperatively, 1 and 3 days postoperatively, using laser-flare meter (Kowa FM-500). Laser flare values were expressed in photon counts/millisecond. RESULTS: Mean preoperative anterior chamber flare in @entity2175 was as follows: normal fundus--6.7, background @entity989 --8.6 and @entity989 --14.1 (p < 0.01 vs NF group). Significantly lower anterior chamber flare measurements following phacoemulsification (25.0-1 day, 17.8-3 days post surgery), than after ECCE (63.7 and 45.6, respectively) (p < 0.01) were observed in @entity6 . In phaco group, we noted lower flare values in eyes without @entity989 ; 25.2-1 day, 14.0-3 days post surgery, than in @entity989 (31.5 and 28.4, respectively) (p < 0.05 vs no @entity989 group). CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification, as a less traumatising technique produces less BAB breakdown and seems to be more suitable than ECCE in @entity6 . Following phacoemulsification, eyes with @entity989 had significantly higher flare values than eyes without @entity989 .

title: [Anterior chamber inflammation following XXXX surgery in @entity1 with @entity2175 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes type 2']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic eyes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to estimate the early breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) following uneventful @entity231 surgery in @entity1 with @entity2175 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Aqueous flare was estimated in 54 @entity6 before and after @entity231 surgery. Fifteen eyes underwent uneventful ECCE (extracapsular @entity231 extraction with "can opener" capsulotomy) and 39 phacoemulsification with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. All procedures were performed by experienced surgeons. Fifty six eyes of age-matched healthy @entity1 undergoing uncomplicated @entity231 surgery served, as control. Anterior chamber flare was quantified preoperatively, 1 and 3 days postoperatively, using laser-flare meter (Kowa FM-500). Laser flare values were expressed in photon counts/millisecond. RESULTS: Mean preoperative anterior chamber flare in @entity2175 was as follows: normal fundus--6.7, background @entity989 --8.6 and @entity989 --14.1 (p < 0.01 vs NF group). Significantly lower anterior chamber flare measurements following phacoemulsification (25.0-1 day, 17.8-3 days post surgery), than after ECCE (63.7 and 45.6, respectively) (p < 0.01) were observed in @entity6 . In phaco group, we noted lower flare values in eyes without @entity989 ; 25.2-1 day, 14.0-3 days post surgery, than in @entity989 (31.5 and 28.4, respectively) (p < 0.05 vs no @entity989 group). CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification, as a less traumatising technique produces less BAB breakdown and seems to be more suitable than ECCE in @entity6 . Following phacoemulsification, eyes with @entity989 had significantly higher flare values than eyes without @entity989 .

title: [Anterior chamber inflammation following @entity231 surgery in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to estimate the early breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) following uneventful @entity231 surgery in @entity1 with @entity2175 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Aqueous flare was estimated in 54 @entity6 before and after @entity231 surgery. Fifteen eyes underwent uneventful ECCE (extracapsular @entity231 extraction with "can opener" capsulotomy) and 39 phacoemulsification with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. All procedures were performed by experienced surgeons. Fifty six eyes of age-matched healthy @entity1 undergoing uncomplicated @entity231 surgery served, as control. Anterior chamber flare was quantified preoperatively, 1 and 3 days postoperatively, using laser-flare meter (Kowa FM-500). Laser flare values were expressed in photon counts/millisecond. RESULTS: Mean preoperative anterior chamber flare in @entity2175 was as follows: normal fundus--6.7, background @entity989 --8.6 and @entity989 --14.1 (p < 0.01 vs NF group). Significantly lower anterior chamber flare measurements following phacoemulsification (25.0-1 day, 17.8-3 days post surgery), than after ECCE (63.7 and 45.6, respectively) (p < 0.01) were observed in @entity6 . In phaco group, we noted lower flare values in eyes without @entity989 ; 25.2-1 day, 14.0-3 days post surgery, than in @entity989 (31.5 and 28.4, respectively) (p < 0.05 vs no @entity989 group). CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification, as a less traumatising technique produces less BAB breakdown and seems to be more suitable than ECCE in @entity6 . Following phacoemulsification, eyes with @entity989 had significantly higher flare values than eyes without @entity989 .

title: [Anterior chamber inflammation following @entity231 surgery in XXXX with @entity2175 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Placenta previa and @entity8052 carry significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Several techniques have been described in the literature for controlling massive @entity548 associated with @entity5030 cesarean sections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of the cervix as a natural tamponade in controlling postpartum @entity548 caused by @entity5030 and @entity5030 accreta. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on 40 pregnant @entity1 admitted to our hospital between June 2012 and November 2014. All participating @entity1 had one or more previous cesarean deliveries and were diagnosed with @entity5030 and/or @entity5030 accreta. Significant @entity548 from the placental bed during cesarean section was managed by inverting the cervix into the uterine cavity and suturing the anterior and/or the posterior cervical lips into the anterior and/or posterior walls of the lower uterine segment. RESULTS: The technique of cervical inversion described above was successful in stopping the @entity548 in 38 out of 40 @entity1 ; yielding a success rate of 95  %. We resorted to hysterectomy in only two cases (5  %). The mean intra-operative @entity190 was 1572.5  mL, and the mean number of blood units transfused was 3.1. The mean time needed to perform the technique was 5.4        0.6  min. The complications encountered were as follows: @entity1494 in the two @entity1 who underwent hysterectomy and wound @entity281 in one @entity1 . @entity86 that responded to antibiotics occurred in 1 @entity1 . The mean duration of the postoperative hospital stay was 3.5  days CONCLUSIONS: This technique of using the cervix as a natural tamponade appears to be safe, simple, time-saving and potentially effective method for controlling the severe postpartum @entity548 (PPH) caused by @entity5030 accreta. This technique deserves to be one of the tools in the hands of obstetricians who face the life-threatening @entity548 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02590484 . Registered 28 October 2015.

title: The cervix as a natural tamponade in postpartum @entity548 caused by XXXX and @entity5030 accreta: a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhage of placenta accreta']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder injury']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5030 :: ('MESH:D010923', 'Disease') :: ['placenta previa/placenta previa', 'placenta previa']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative fever']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta accreta']

answer: @entity5030 :: (MESH:D010923,Disease) :: ['placenta previa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Placenta previa and @entity8052 carry significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Several techniques have been described in the literature for controlling massive @entity548 associated with @entity5030 cesarean sections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of the cervix as a natural tamponade in controlling postpartum @entity548 caused by @entity5030 and @entity5030 accreta. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on 40 pregnant @entity1 admitted to our hospital between June 2012 and November 2014. All participating @entity1 had one or more previous cesarean deliveries and were diagnosed with @entity5030 and/or @entity5030 accreta. Significant @entity548 from the placental bed during cesarean section was managed by inverting the cervix into the uterine cavity and suturing the anterior and/or the posterior cervical lips into the anterior and/or posterior walls of the lower uterine segment. RESULTS: The technique of cervical inversion described above was successful in stopping the @entity548 in 38 out of 40 @entity1 ; yielding a success rate of 95  %. We resorted to hysterectomy in only two cases (5  %). The mean intra-operative @entity190 was 1572.5  mL, and the mean number of blood units transfused was 3.1. The mean time needed to perform the technique was 5.4        0.6  min. The complications encountered were as follows: @entity1494 in the two @entity1 who underwent hysterectomy and wound @entity281 in one @entity1 . @entity86 that responded to antibiotics occurred in 1 @entity1 . The mean duration of the postoperative hospital stay was 3.5  days CONCLUSIONS: This technique of using the cervix as a natural tamponade appears to be safe, simple, time-saving and potentially effective method for controlling the severe postpartum @entity548 (PPH) caused by @entity5030 accreta. This technique deserves to be one of the tools in the hands of obstetricians who face the life-threatening @entity548 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02590484 . Registered 28 October 2015.

title: The cervix as a natural tamponade in postpartum @entity548 caused by @entity5030 and XXXX accreta: a prospective study.

answer: @entity5030 :: (MESH:D010923,Disease) :: ['placenta previa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Placenta previa and @entity8052 carry significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Several techniques have been described in the literature for controlling massive @entity548 associated with @entity5030 cesarean sections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of the cervix as a natural tamponade in controlling postpartum @entity548 caused by @entity5030 and @entity5030 accreta. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on 40 pregnant @entity1 admitted to our hospital between June 2012 and November 2014. All participating @entity1 had one or more previous cesarean deliveries and were diagnosed with @entity5030 and/or @entity5030 accreta. Significant @entity548 from the placental bed during cesarean section was managed by inverting the cervix into the uterine cavity and suturing the anterior and/or the posterior cervical lips into the anterior and/or posterior walls of the lower uterine segment. RESULTS: The technique of cervical inversion described above was successful in stopping the @entity548 in 38 out of 40 @entity1 ; yielding a success rate of 95  %. We resorted to hysterectomy in only two cases (5  %). The mean intra-operative @entity190 was 1572.5  mL, and the mean number of blood units transfused was 3.1. The mean time needed to perform the technique was 5.4        0.6  min. The complications encountered were as follows: @entity1494 in the two @entity1 who underwent hysterectomy and wound @entity281 in one @entity1 . @entity86 that responded to antibiotics occurred in 1 @entity1 . The mean duration of the postoperative hospital stay was 3.5  days CONCLUSIONS: This technique of using the cervix as a natural tamponade appears to be safe, simple, time-saving and potentially effective method for controlling the severe postpartum @entity548 (PPH) caused by @entity5030 accreta. This technique deserves to be one of the tools in the hands of obstetricians who face the life-threatening @entity548 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02590484 . Registered 28 October 2015.

title: The cervix as a natural tamponade in postpartum XXXX caused by @entity5030 and @entity5030 accreta: a prospective study.

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: The aim of this study is to examine possible antioxidant and analgesic activities of @entity18409 exudes from Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallsiana (Lamb.) Holmboe ( @entity8856 ). Total antioxidant activity, reducing power, @entity224 anion radical scavenging, free radical scavenging, metal chelating, and @entity273 scavenging activities were studied. The total antioxidant activity increased with the increasing amount of extracts (100, 300, and 500 microg) added to @entity4722 emulsion. All of the doses of @entity8856 showed higher antioxidant activity than @entity1881 . The samples showed 49, 70, and 91% inhibition on peroxidation of @entity4722 emulsion, respectively. On the other hand, the 300 microg of @entity1881 showed 40% inhibition on peroxidation of @entity4722 emulsion. There is correlation between antioxidant activity and the reducing power, @entity224 anion radical scavenging, free radical scavenging, metal chelating, and @entity273 scavenging activities. Like antioxidant activity, the reducing power, @entity224 anion radical scavenging, free radical scavenging, metal chelating, and @entity273 scavenging activities of @entity8856 depending on concentration and increasing with increased concentration of @entity8856 . These properties may be the major reasons for the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the @entity8856 has a potential source of natural antioxidant. In addition, analgesic effect of @entity8856 was investigated in present study and @entity8856 had strong analgesic effect. The analgesic effect of @entity8856 compared with @entity10964 as a standard analgesic compound.

title: Antioxidant and analgesic activities of XXXX of Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallsiana (Lamb.) Holmboe.

entities_list: @entity10964 :: ('MESH:D004177', 'Chemical') :: ['metamizol']

entities_list: @entity18409 :: ('MESH:D014425', 'Chemical') :: ['turpentine']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity18409 :: (MESH:D014425,Chemical) :: ['turpentine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Serum levels of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) have been associated with risk of @entity65 . We hypothesized that sRAGE levels are associated with subclinical @entity66 in an ethnically diverse population. METHODS: Clinically @entity64 -free @entity1 in the multi-ethnic Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS) underwent brain MRI to quantify subclinical @entity4798 (SBI) and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) (n = 1102). Serum levels of sRAGE were measured by ELISA. Logistic and multiple linear regression were employed to estimate associations of sRAGE with SBI and WMHV, after adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors. RESULTS: Median sRAGE levels were significantly lower in Hispanics (891.9 pg/ml; n = 708) and @entity7864 (757.4 pg/ml; n = 197) than in non-Hispanic whites (1120.5 pg/ml; n = 170), and these differences remained after adjusting for other risk factors. Interactions were observed by race-ethnicity between sRAGE levels and MRI measurements, including for SBI in Hispanics (p = 0.04) and WMHV among blacks (p = 0.03). In Hispanics, increasing sRAGE levels were associated with a lower odds of SBI, with those in the upper sRAGE quartile displaying a 50% lower odds of SBI after adjusting for sociodemographic and vascular risk factors (p = 0.05). Among blacks, those in the upper quartile of sRAGE had a similarly reduced increased risk of SBI (p = 0.06) and greater WMHV (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Compared to whites, Hispanics and blacks have significantly lower sRAGE levels, and these levels were associated with more subclinical @entity75 . Taken together, these findings suggest sRAGE levels may be significantly influence by ethnicity. Further studies of sRAGE and @entity64 risk, particularly in minorities, are warranted.

title: Association of serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products with subclinical XXXX : the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity7864 :: ('MESH:D055008', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic blacks']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity32274 ( @entity32274 ) gene has been discussed to be associated with different symptoms of @entity72 ( @entity72 ) and other @entity245 . We aimed to elucidate the genetic association of @entity32274 within @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ), focusing on @entity2438 specific symptoms and reducing intelligence related factors. Furthermore, we compared our findings conducting a meta-analysis in @entity1 with @entity2438 and @entity2198 only. A case-control association study was performed for @entity2198 ( @entity2198 , n  =  105; controls, n  =  133). Moreover, we performed a family-based association study (DFAM) analysis ( @entity2198 , n  =  44; siblings, n  =  57). Individuals were genotyped for the two most frequently reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the @entity32274 gene ( @entity72476 , @entity72477 ). Furthermore, a meta-analysis using the MIX2 software integrated our results with previously published data. A significant association for the carriers of the T-allele of the @entity72477 with @entity2198 was found in the case-control sample [OR  =  1.547; (95  % CI 1.056-2.266); p  =  0.025]. No association could be found by DFAM with any of the @entity32274 SNPs with @entity2198 . The meta-analysis of both SNPs did not show a significant association with either @entity2438 or with @entity2198 . Overall, including case-control, sibs, and meta-analysis, we could not detect any significant association with the @entity32274 gene and @entity2198 . Our results point in the direction that @entity32274 may not play a major role in @entity2198 , but rather seems to have a significance in @entity245 or in individuals displaying @entity245 .

title: XXXX gene in high functioning @entity2438 : no association according to family and meta-analysis approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['HFA', 'high functioning ASD']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders', 'intellectual delays']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASDs', 'autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity32274 :: ('26047', 'Gene') :: ['CNTNAP2', 'Contactin Associated Protein-like 2']

answer: @entity32274 :: (26047,Gene) :: ['CNTNAP2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity32274 ( @entity32274 ) gene has been discussed to be associated with different symptoms of @entity72 ( @entity72 ) and other @entity245 . We aimed to elucidate the genetic association of @entity32274 within @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ), focusing on @entity2438 specific symptoms and reducing intelligence related factors. Furthermore, we compared our findings conducting a meta-analysis in @entity1 with @entity2438 and @entity2198 only. A case-control association study was performed for @entity2198 ( @entity2198 , n  =  105; controls, n  =  133). Moreover, we performed a family-based association study (DFAM) analysis ( @entity2198 , n  =  44; siblings, n  =  57). Individuals were genotyped for the two most frequently reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the @entity32274 gene ( @entity72476 , @entity72477 ). Furthermore, a meta-analysis using the MIX2 software integrated our results with previously published data. A significant association for the carriers of the T-allele of the @entity72477 with @entity2198 was found in the case-control sample [OR  =  1.547; (95  % CI 1.056-2.266); p  =  0.025]. No association could be found by DFAM with any of the @entity32274 SNPs with @entity2198 . The meta-analysis of both SNPs did not show a significant association with either @entity2438 or with @entity2198 . Overall, including case-control, sibs, and meta-analysis, we could not detect any significant association with the @entity32274 gene and @entity2198 . Our results point in the direction that @entity32274 may not play a major role in @entity2198 , but rather seems to have a significance in @entity245 or in individuals displaying @entity245 .

title: @entity32274 gene in high functioning XXXX : no association according to family and meta-analysis approaches.

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: The goal of this study was to estimate the health and economic consequences of non-compliance with oral antimicrobial treatment in @entity235 with superficial @entity6793 , wounds or @entity733 in the US. A mathematical model (Markov model) which simulated treatment with long-term injectable @entity72478 versus oral @entity115 / @entity798 was developed and accounted for the effect of non-compliance on clinical outcomes and mean total treatment costs per @entity1 . Efficacy parameters considered in the model were derived from clinical studies. Treatment failure due to oral antimicrobial treatment non-compliance was approximated from published data at 13.6%. US cost data for 2009 were derived from public sources. When non-compliance was considered as a cause of treatment failure with oral medication, the long-term injectable antibiotic was more effective than oral comparator (162 versus 158 days without clinical signs). Mean total treatment costs were lower with @entity72478 (USD 376.74) versus @entity115 / @entity798 (USD 382.34) in @entity235 of 25 kg; and @entity72478 remained cost-saving up to a body weight of 31 kg. In large @entity235 , @entity72478 was more costly; however, total therapy costs were less than 6% greater than with @entity115 / @entity798 . Accordingly the higher drug and administration costs of the long-term injectable antibiotic were totally or substantially offset when non-compliance was considered as reason for treatment failure with oral medication. The model also allowed for the estimation of the impact of various non-compliance scenarios.

title: Estimation of the clinical and economic consequences of non-compliance with antimicrobial treatment of XXXX skin infections.

entities_list: @entity72478 :: ('MESH:C516253', 'Chemical') :: ['cefovecin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and QRS duration enable prediction of outcome in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). We assessed the predictive @entity6475 for prognosis in @entity712 @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Two-hundred and forty @entity712 @entity1 with LVEF  <=40% were studied. Global LV function and intraventricular @entity3883 were calculated as GLS and @entity168 of the time to peak @entity6475 ( @entity168  ) over 18 LV segments. The added value of GLS and @entity168   for outcome prediction was assessed using nested Cox models. Sixty-six @entity1 (28%) reached the study endpoint of all-cause mortality/heart transplantation over a median follow-up period of 45 months. Baseline variables associated with adverse outcome were age, glomerular filtration rate, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, @entity6 and LV end-systolic volume (model   (2)=69.8). The predictive power of the clinical variables was greater with addition of GLS (  (2)=81.1) or @entity168   (  (2)=102.3) than with LVEF (  (2)=73.9) or QRS duration (  (2)=75.5; both P<0.005). GLS (HR, 1.88; P=0.03) and @entity168   (HR, 1.48; P=0.04) were independent predictors after adjustment for the baseline variables. @entity1 with @entity73 (>= -7.8%) and @entity3883 ( @entity168   >= 72 ms) had poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Combined assessment of global LV function and @entity3883 using speckle-tracking strain enabled the prediction of long-term outcome in @entity712 @entity1 .

title: Combined Global Longitudinal Strain and Intraventricular Mechanical Dyssynchrony Predicts Long-Term Outcome in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical dyssynchrony']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['SHF', 'systolic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired GLS']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['value of global longitudinal strain (GLS) and mechanical dyssynchrony', 'longitudinal strain']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Systolic Heart Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) and QRS duration enable prediction of outcome in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). We assessed the predictive @entity6475 for prognosis in @entity712 @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Two-hundred and forty @entity712 @entity1 with LVEF  <=40% were studied. Global LV function and intraventricular @entity3883 were calculated as GLS and @entity168 of the time to peak @entity6475 ( @entity168  ) over 18 LV segments. The added value of GLS and @entity168   for outcome prediction was assessed using nested Cox models. Sixty-six @entity1 (28%) reached the study endpoint of all-cause mortality/heart transplantation over a median follow-up period of 45 months. Baseline variables associated with adverse outcome were age, glomerular filtration rate, pulmonary artery systolic pressure, @entity6 and LV end-systolic volume (model   (2)=69.8). The predictive power of the clinical variables was greater with addition of GLS (  (2)=81.1) or @entity168   (  (2)=102.3) than with LVEF (  (2)=73.9) or QRS duration (  (2)=75.5; both P<0.005). GLS (HR, 1.88; P=0.03) and @entity168   (HR, 1.48; P=0.04) were independent predictors after adjustment for the baseline variables. @entity1 with @entity73 (>= -7.8%) and @entity3883 ( @entity168   >= 72 ms) had poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Combined assessment of global LV function and @entity3883 using speckle-tracking strain enabled the prediction of long-term outcome in @entity712 @entity1 .

title: Combined Global Longitudinal Strain and Intraventricular Mechanical Dyssynchrony Predicts Long-Term Outcome in XXXX With @entity712 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: From 1961 to 1984, fifty-one @entity1 with @entity31 were surgically treated at Tohoku University Hospital. The results of various types of surgical treatments for @entity31 were analysed and discussed with special reference to recurrence and the quality of life at the time of follow-up. @entity1960 and @entity1960 were observed in 42 and 9 @entity1 , respectively. There were five operative deaths. Thirteen @entity1 received total proctocolectomy and 38 @entity1 received various types of conservative operations at the first operation. In seven @entity1 there was a recurrence of the disease in the retained colon or rectum and proctocolectomy with ileostomy was carried out. Forty-six @entity1 were followed. Four died of other diseases and two were lost to follow-up. The periods of follow-up after the final operation ranged from 3-29 years. The types of operative procedures were ileostomy in 19, ascendicostomy in 14, @entity19355 in 1 @entity1 . Following treatment of recurrence of the disease, in most @entity1 who had undergone various surgical treatments, favorable results of quality of life were attained, even in those with ileostomy. These results indicate that it is important to select the most proper types of operative procedures for surgical treatment of @entity31 by individualizing each case.

title: Long term follow-up of surgical treatment for XXXX --with special reference to recurrence and the quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided colitis', 'Total colitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity19355 :: ('MESH:D005077', 'Disease') :: ['ileoproctostomy in 6 and ascendicoproctostomy']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: A cyanotic newborn is described to illustrate and discuss the rare transient @entity997 together with functional @entity1146 . Etiologically the manifold causes of perinatal @entity1763 are to be taken into consideration. The clinical appearance corresponds to type A of transient @entity296 according to the classification of Rowe together with @entity649 and @entity712 . Pathogenetically the disease is based on the different histological consequences of @entity296 of the right ventricle in connection with a delayed fall of the pulmonary arterial resistance. Fetal connections lead to a pronounced right-to-left-shunt. The diagnosis is primarily established by the way of clinical and echocardiographic investigation and pulsed doppler examination. The most important differential diagnosis are in @entity4924 , @entity3885 and @entity1146 of the right ventricular outflow tract. Therapy is conservative. Its aim is to improve myocardial performance and to lower right ventricular afterload. Outcome of @entity1 with neonatal @entity997 is uncertain and depends on the severity of @entity296 . In our @entity1 the course has been uneventful after initial difficulties.

title: [Neonatal XXXX --a contribution to the differential diagnosis of the cyanotic newborn @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ['Ebstein-anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia', 'atresia']

answer: @entity997 :: (MESH:D014262,Disease) :: ['tricuspid insufficiency']


abstract: A cyanotic newborn is described to illustrate and discuss the rare transient @entity997 together with functional @entity1146 . Etiologically the manifold causes of perinatal @entity1763 are to be taken into consideration. The clinical appearance corresponds to type A of transient @entity296 according to the classification of Rowe together with @entity649 and @entity712 . Pathogenetically the disease is based on the different histological consequences of @entity296 of the right ventricle in connection with a delayed fall of the pulmonary arterial resistance. Fetal connections lead to a pronounced right-to-left-shunt. The diagnosis is primarily established by the way of clinical and echocardiographic investigation and pulsed doppler examination. The most important differential diagnosis are in @entity4924 , @entity3885 and @entity1146 of the right ventricular outflow tract. Therapy is conservative. Its aim is to improve myocardial performance and to lower right ventricular afterload. Outcome of @entity1 with neonatal @entity997 is uncertain and depends on the severity of @entity296 . In our @entity1 the course has been uneventful after initial difficulties.

title: [Neonatal @entity997 --a contribution to the differential diagnosis of the cyanotic newborn XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to clarify long-term outcomes of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) using a modified Buess technique for mucosal @entity356 . METHODS: The procedure included en bloc mucosal resection using a Buess-type rectoscope into the gastric lumen via a temporary gastrostomy under video camera guidance. We reviewed 5 @entity1 who underwent this procedure between 1995 and 1997 with a single mucosal @entity5 that was unsuitable for en bloc excision by endoscopic snare diathermy. RESULTS: All @entity5 were superficial elevated types (type 0-IIa) located in the middle third and posterior wall of the stomach. Median maximum @entity5 diameter was 2.2 (range 1.1-3.5) cm. There was no operative mortality. One @entity1 developed a hemorrhagic gastric ulcer postoperatively. All @entity5 histologically showed curative potential of the mucosal resection without margin involvement. During a median follow-up period of 64 (50-77) months, none of the @entity1 developed local recurrence. One @entity1 had an @entity356 that metachronously developed at another stomach site. CONCLUSION: Intragastric EMR using a modified Buess technique appears to be a useful treatment for cure of mucosal @entity356 for a limited group of @entity1 unsuitable for complete en bloc excision by endoscopic snare diathermy.

title: Long-term outcomes of intragastric endoscopic mucosal resection using a modified buess technique for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer of the stomach', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'early gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['early gastric cancer']


abstract: The @entity338 includes @entity849 , and @entity338 . The pulmonary arteries are aneurysmal and usually compress the tracheobronchial tree. These features are associated with a @entity1757 and @entity8158 . Nineteen @entity1 aged 5 days to 11 years were treated between 1976 and 1983. Nine were younger than 1 year. Intractable respiratory symptoms and @entity712 were the main features in the @entity1 group; five required preoperative assisted ventilation. Older @entity1 had decreased exercise tolerance and repeated @entity1729 . Several surgical techniques were used in this series. The best results were achieved when the size of the main, right, and left pulmonary arteries was reduced by extensive anterior resection; the @entity1757 was closed; and an aortic homograft was interposed between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Four @entity1 and four @entity1 treated in this way survived the operation. Five of the nine operated @entity1 died (56%); all older @entity1 survived the operation. At follow-up, six @entity1 were asymptomatic and one was in New York Heart Association Class II. All four @entity1 were progressing satisfactorily although all had some @entity358 . Closure of the @entity1757 , reduction of the size of the pulmonary arteries, and insertion of an aortic homograft was the optimal treatment in our series.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insufficiency', 'absent pulmonary valve syndrome']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['agenesis of the pulmonary valve, annular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['residual pulmonary symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['absent pulmonary valve syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of occlusion type and fibrinolytic agent on recanalization success and clinical outcome in @entity1 undergoing local intra-arterial fibrinolysis (LIF) in acute @entity64 . METHODS: LIF was performed in 137 @entity1 with angiographically established occlusion in the carotid circulation within 6 h of @entity64 onset. Retrospective analysis included recanalization success, recanalization time, type of occlusion and fibrinolytic treatment mode. Five types of occlusion were categorized: intracranial bifurcation (carotid 'T') of the internal carotid artery (ICA; n = 35); proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA; n = 66); distal segment of the MCA (n = 20); @entity2500 (n = 8); multiple peripheral branches of the anterior cerebral artery and the MCA (n = 8). Neurologic outcome was evaluated after 3 months by Barthel Index (BI) as good (BI >90), moderate (BI 50-90), poor (BI <50) or @entity204 . RESULTS: Recanalization was achieved in 74 @entity1 (54%). Mean recanalization time in recanalized @entity1 was 91 min. Neurologic outcome was good in 48 @entity1 (35%), moderate in 34 (25%), poor in 30 (22%) and 25 died (18%). Outcome was significantly better in recanalized than in nonrecanalized @entity1 (p < 0.001). Treatment results were significantly better in proximal and distal MCA occlusion than in carotid 'T' occlusions (p < 0.001). Recanalization success hardly differed between urokinase and rt-PA. Combined treatment with rt-PA and lys-plasminogen tended toward a faster recanalization. @entity548 occurred in 13 @entity1 (9%). CONCLUSION: The type of occlusion is of high prognostic value for successful fibrinolysis in the anterior circulation. However, recanalization is a time-consuming process even with an intra-arterial approach. Recanalization did not differ between type or dosage of plasminogen activators. Further innovative attempts are warranted towards hastening recanalization time in endovascular acute @entity64 treatment.

title: Local intra-arterial fibrinolysis in acute XXXX : effect of occlusion type and fibrinolytic agent on recanalization success and neurological outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Parenchymal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial ICA with MCA embolism']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['hemispheric stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Nonoperative treatment of serious @entity8 has been advocated and yet to our knowledge the optimum level of operative treatment has not been established to date. We report a unique data set, in which @entity1 with severe @entity8 were treated with an ultraconservative nonoperative approach during a period when urological consultation was not available at a major urban @entity130 center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 51 @entity1 identified with renal @entity130 in the Detroit Receiving Hospital @entity130 data base from 1997 to 2001. RESULTS: Injuries were grades I to V in 15, 7, 11, 14 and 4 cases, respectively, and had a tendency toward @entity130 . Renorrhaphy was never performed. Nephrectomy was done sparingly, only for grade V @entity8 and only in @entity1 who were exsanguinating from the kidney. Two of the 4 @entity1 with grade V injury died of @entity1230 , including massive @entity542 . Only 2 of the @entity1 treated nonoperatively (4%) had complications, including fever and @entity811 in 1 each. CONCLUSIONS: This data set seems to support an ultraconservative approach of limiting renal surgery to only @entity1 with active exsanguination. The nephrectomy rate for 14 grade IV @entity130 , including some gunshot wounds to the kidney, was 0%. When comparing this rate with that in the literature, we would expect it to be 1 @entity1 to as high as 10. This approach was safe and resulted in a low complication rate of 4%. Series in which more aggressive therapy for @entity8 is advocated should compare favorably to ultraconservative therapy if aggressive therapy is to continue to be widely advocated.

title: Effect of an institutional policy of nonoperative treatment of grades I to IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injuries']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma', 'serious injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: Humanized @entity13598 (huA33; IgG1) monoclonal antibody detects a determinant expressed by 95% of @entity14 and can activate immune cytolytic mechanisms. The present study was designed to (a) define the @entity137 and maximum tolerated dose of huA33 and (b) determine huA33 immunogenicity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 (n = 11) with advanced chemotherapy-resistant @entity14 received 4-week cycles of huA33 at 10, 25, or 50 mg/m(2)/week. Serum samples were analyzed using biosensor technology for evidence of @entity778 ( @entity778 ) response. RESULTS: Eight of 11 @entity1 developed a @entity778 response. Significant @entity137 was limited to four @entity1 who developed high @entity778 titers. In two of these cases, infusion-related reactions such as fevers, @entity5084 , facial @entity1671 , and changes in blood pressure were observed, whereas in the other two cases, @entity137 consisted of @entity1910 , fever, or @entity925 . Of three @entity1 who remained @entity778 negative, one achieved a radiographic partial response, with reduction of serum carcinoembryonic antigen from 80 to 3 ng/ml. Four @entity1 had radiographic evidence of stable disease (2, 4, 6, and 12 months), with significant reductions (>25%) in serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels in two cases. CONCLUSIONS: The complementarity-determining region-grafted huA33 antibody is immunogenic in the majority of @entity694 @entity1 (73%). @entity778 activity can be measured reproducibly and quantitatively by BIACORE analysis. Whereas the huA33 construct tested here may be too immunogenic for further clinical development, the antitumor effects observed in the absence of antibody-mediated @entity137 and in this heavily pretreated @entity1 population warrant clinical testing of other IgG1 humanized versions of @entity13598 antibody.

title: Phase I study of anticolon cancer humanized antibody XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HAHA', 'human antihuman antibody']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity13598 :: (10223,Gene) :: ['A33']


abstract: PURPOSE: Molecular targeting with monoclonal antibodies and @entity669 kinase inhibitors is a novel approach to @entity5 treatment. We have examined the expression of molecular targets in @entity1 with @entity788 , which is necessary to justify additional studies investigating the potential benefit from such treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Thirty-eight @entity5 tissues from @entity788 were examined with immunohistochemistry using specific polyclonal antibodies with regard to the expression pattern of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) alpha and beta, @entity2467 , and @entity470 ( @entity470 ). RESULTS: All 38 tissue specimens expressed @entity675 on @entity5 cells, and 21 of 37 specimens (57%) expressed @entity675 in @entity5 stroma (1 specimen was nonevaluable). Twenty-eight samples (74%) stained positive for @entity3820 on @entity5 cells, and 36 of 37 samples (97%) stained positive for @entity3820 in the stroma (1 specimen was nonevaluable). Thirty-five @entity5 tissues (92%) stained positive for @entity2467 , and 21 (55%) stained positive for @entity470 on @entity5 cells. No differences were seen between syndromes or between poorly differentiated or well-differentiated @entity5 . Previous treatment did not influence expression pattern. Receptor expression pattern varied considerably between individuals. CONCLUSIONS: We have found that @entity669 kinase receptors PDGFRs alpha and beta, @entity470 , and @entity2467 are expressed in more than half of the @entity1 with endocrine @entity788 . Because these receptors represent molecular targets for @entity2213 and @entity4562 ( @entity669 kinase inhibitors) and IMC-C225 (a monoclonal antibody), we propose that @entity1 suffering from EPTs might benefit from this new treatment strategy. However, because of great variability in receptor expression pattern, all @entity1 ' individual receptor expression should be examined.

title: Expression of molecular targets for XXXX kinase receptor antagonists in @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors', 'malignant endocrine pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Molecular targeting with monoclonal antibodies and @entity669 kinase inhibitors is a novel approach to @entity5 treatment. We have examined the expression of molecular targets in @entity1 with @entity788 , which is necessary to justify additional studies investigating the potential benefit from such treatment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Thirty-eight @entity5 tissues from @entity788 were examined with immunohistochemistry using specific polyclonal antibodies with regard to the expression pattern of platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) alpha and beta, @entity2467 , and @entity470 ( @entity470 ). RESULTS: All 38 tissue specimens expressed @entity675 on @entity5 cells, and 21 of 37 specimens (57%) expressed @entity675 in @entity5 stroma (1 specimen was nonevaluable). Twenty-eight samples (74%) stained positive for @entity3820 on @entity5 cells, and 36 of 37 samples (97%) stained positive for @entity3820 in the stroma (1 specimen was nonevaluable). Thirty-five @entity5 tissues (92%) stained positive for @entity2467 , and 21 (55%) stained positive for @entity470 on @entity5 cells. No differences were seen between syndromes or between poorly differentiated or well-differentiated @entity5 . Previous treatment did not influence expression pattern. Receptor expression pattern varied considerably between individuals. CONCLUSIONS: We have found that @entity669 kinase receptors PDGFRs alpha and beta, @entity470 , and @entity2467 are expressed in more than half of the @entity1 with endocrine @entity788 . Because these receptors represent molecular targets for @entity2213 and @entity4562 ( @entity669 kinase inhibitors) and IMC-C225 (a monoclonal antibody), we propose that @entity1 suffering from EPTs might benefit from this new treatment strategy. However, because of great variability in receptor expression pattern, all @entity1 ' individual receptor expression should be examined.

title: Expression of molecular targets for @entity669 kinase receptor antagonists in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['malignant endocrine pancreatic tumors']


abstract: Treadmill training and @entity1338 , an alpha-2 noradrenergic agonist, have been shown to improve locomotion after @entity1566 . We speculate that transmission in load pathways, which are involved in body support during stance, is specifically modified by training. This was evaluated by comparing two groups of spinal @entity468 ; one group (n = 11) was trained to walk until full-weight-bearing (3-4 weeks), and the other (shams; n = 7) was not. During an acute experiment, changes in group I pathways, monosynaptic excitation, disynaptic inhibition, and polysynaptic excitation were investigated by measuring the response amplitude in extensor motoneurons before and after @entity1338 injection. Monosynaptic excitation was not modified by @entity1338 but was decreased significantly by training. Disynaptic inhibition was significantly decreased by @entity1338 in both groups, but more significantly in trained @entity468 , and significantly reduced by training after @entity1338 . Also, @entity1338 could reverse group IB inhibition into polysynaptic excitation in both groups but more frequently in trained @entity468 . We also investigated whether fictive stepping revealed additional changes. In trained @entity468 , the phase-dependent modulation of all three responses was similar to patterns reported previously, but in shams, modulation of monosynaptic and polysynaptic responses was not. Overall, training appears to decrease monosynaptic excitation and enhance the effects of @entity1338 in the reduction of disynaptic inhibition and reversal to polysynaptic excitation. Because it is believed that polysynaptic excitatory group I pathways transmit locomotor drive to extensor motoneurons, we suggest that the latter changes would facilitate the recruitment of extensor muscles for recovering weight-bearing during stepping.

title: Spinal XXXX on the treadmill: changes in load pathways.

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: In collaboration with @entity876 , cyclins @entity72479 regulate the G2/M transition, a key checkpoint in the active cell cycle, which can be monitored by Ki67. However, the @entity8189 expression remains unclear during @entity14 and during later metastasis to lymph nodes, and @entity11486 expression is not clear in @entity14 . To clarify the variations of the two cyclins in @entity14 , @entity8189 , @entity11486 , @entity876 , and Ki67 were immunohistochemically stained in 22 normal mucosa, 62 @entity652 , 17 @entity189 in @entity652 , 194 @entity189 , and 21 lymph node @entity3 ; and the two cyclins were examined by Western blot in other 10 @entity189 . Located in cytoplasms, nuclei or both, @entity8189 expression increased significantly from normal mucosa through @entity2513 , from @entity652 with mild @entity1141 through those with moderate to those with severe, from peripheral @entity2513 , and from primary to metastatic foci. These increased expressions were confirmed by Western blot. @entity8189 expression, however, declined significantly in @entity189 showing large size, mucinous type, deep invasion, or short postoperative- @entity1 -survival time. High @entity8189 was linked to high @entity876 in @entity652 , and to high Ki67 in @entity652 and @entity189 . In contrast, found limited to nuclei, @entity11486 expression did not vary significantly from normal mucosa through to metastatic @entity189 , and was not associated with clinicopathological parameters, @entity876 or Ki67. The unchanged expressions were confirmed by Western blot. Thus, increased @entity8189 , but not @entity11486 , may promote @entity14 and later metastasis to lymph nodes.

title: @entity8189 , unlike @entity11486 , increases significantly during XXXX and during later metastasis to lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['pairs of normal mucosa and primary carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'primary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinogenesis', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas to primary carcinomas', 'adenomas to their central carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinogenesis']


abstract: In collaboration with @entity876 , cyclins @entity72479 regulate the G2/M transition, a key checkpoint in the active cell cycle, which can be monitored by Ki67. However, the @entity8189 expression remains unclear during @entity14 and during later metastasis to lymph nodes, and @entity11486 expression is not clear in @entity14 . To clarify the variations of the two cyclins in @entity14 , @entity8189 , @entity11486 , @entity876 , and Ki67 were immunohistochemically stained in 22 normal mucosa, 62 @entity652 , 17 @entity189 in @entity652 , 194 @entity189 , and 21 lymph node @entity3 ; and the two cyclins were examined by Western blot in other 10 @entity189 . Located in cytoplasms, nuclei or both, @entity8189 expression increased significantly from normal mucosa through @entity2513 , from @entity652 with mild @entity1141 through those with moderate to those with severe, from peripheral @entity2513 , and from primary to metastatic foci. These increased expressions were confirmed by Western blot. @entity8189 expression, however, declined significantly in @entity189 showing large size, mucinous type, deep invasion, or short postoperative- @entity1 -survival time. High @entity8189 was linked to high @entity876 in @entity652 , and to high Ki67 in @entity652 and @entity189 . In contrast, found limited to nuclei, @entity11486 expression did not vary significantly from normal mucosa through to metastatic @entity189 , and was not associated with clinicopathological parameters, @entity876 or Ki67. The unchanged expressions were confirmed by Western blot. Thus, increased @entity8189 , but not @entity11486 , may promote @entity14 and later metastasis to lymph nodes.

title: XXXX , unlike @entity11486 , increases significantly during @entity14 and during later metastasis to lymph nodes.

answer: @entity8189 :: (891,Gene) :: ['Cyclin B1']


abstract: In collaboration with @entity876 , cyclins @entity72479 regulate the G2/M transition, a key checkpoint in the active cell cycle, which can be monitored by Ki67. However, the @entity8189 expression remains unclear during @entity14 and during later metastasis to lymph nodes, and @entity11486 expression is not clear in @entity14 . To clarify the variations of the two cyclins in @entity14 , @entity8189 , @entity11486 , @entity876 , and Ki67 were immunohistochemically stained in 22 normal mucosa, 62 @entity652 , 17 @entity189 in @entity652 , 194 @entity189 , and 21 lymph node @entity3 ; and the two cyclins were examined by Western blot in other 10 @entity189 . Located in cytoplasms, nuclei or both, @entity8189 expression increased significantly from normal mucosa through @entity2513 , from @entity652 with mild @entity1141 through those with moderate to those with severe, from peripheral @entity2513 , and from primary to metastatic foci. These increased expressions were confirmed by Western blot. @entity8189 expression, however, declined significantly in @entity189 showing large size, mucinous type, deep invasion, or short postoperative- @entity1 -survival time. High @entity8189 was linked to high @entity876 in @entity652 , and to high Ki67 in @entity652 and @entity189 . In contrast, found limited to nuclei, @entity11486 expression did not vary significantly from normal mucosa through to metastatic @entity189 , and was not associated with clinicopathological parameters, @entity876 or Ki67. The unchanged expressions were confirmed by Western blot. Thus, increased @entity8189 , but not @entity11486 , may promote @entity14 and later metastasis to lymph nodes.

title: @entity8189 , unlike XXXX , increases significantly during @entity14 and during later metastasis to lymph nodes.

answer: @entity11486 :: (900,Gene) :: ['cyclin G1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) are common and incur substantial personal and economic costs. Research has shown that persistent posttraumatic stress reactions predict poorer functional recovery in @entity74 ; however, the specific mechanism through which this occurs is unclear. The current study is the first to examine the direct impact of @entity1005 symptoms in @entity74 using laboratory tested @entity158 measures. METHODS: A mixed experimental design was used to examine the impact of exposure to accident cues on chronic @entity74 individuals with (n=33) and without (n=39) @entity1005 . Groups were compared at baseline and post accident cue on self-reported @entity158 and negative affect and laboratory tested arousal and sensory @entity158 threshold measures. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity74 individuals with @entity1005 reported greater disability, negative affect, @entity158 , arousal and lower @entity158 thresholds than those without @entity1005 . As expected, exposure to accident cues resulted in greater increases in arousal and negative affect for those with @entity1005 . Changes in sensory @entity158 thresholds revealed a @entity1931 effect in @entity158 thresholds for the @entity1005 group compared to the No @entity1005 group and mixed findings for pressure @entity158 thresholds. DISCUSSION: Findings from the current study highlight the negative impact of @entity1005 on both physical and psychological outcomes in chronic @entity74 . From a clinical perspective, data suggest that @entity1 exposed to accident-cues may experience arousal that lowers their threshold to certain @entity158 stimuli. Further investigation of effective multidisciplinary interventions and in particular the treatment of @entity1005 in @entity74 is identified as an important area of further investigation.

title: The Impact of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Physiological Arousal, Disability and Sensory Pain Thresholds in XXXX with Chronic Whiplash.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['WAD', 'Whiplash associated disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'cold pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: We report an adult case who presented @entity9468 attacks due to @entity3526 associated with the right aortic arch in a @entity1 with @entity2838 . A 29-year-old male diagnosed as having @entity2838 developed frequent @entity9468 attacks and was admitted to our hospital. Blood pressure of the left arm was 20 mmHg lower than that of the right arm. Aortagraphy showed that he had a right aortic arch and isolation of the left subclavian artery. Right vertebral angiography opacified the left vertebral artery and the subclavian artery in retrograde fashion, suggesting subclavian steal phenomenon. Blood flow studies disclosed impaired reactivity to @entity3791 in the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. We successfully carried out left common carotid artery-transverse cervical artery bypass. Postoperative angiography confirmed the patency of the graft and the disappearance of subclavian steal phenomenon. Vasoreactivity to @entity3791 normalized in the cerebellum. Vertigo attacks were not noted during the one-year follow-up period.

title: [Subclavian steal syndrome associated with the right aortic arch in a @entity1 with XXXX : case report].

entities_list: @entity2838 :: ('MESH:D010580', 'Disease') :: ['Peutz-Jeghers syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity3526 :: ('MESH:D013349', 'Disease') :: ['subclavian steal syndrome']

answer: @entity2838 :: (MESH:D010580,Disease) :: ['Peutz-Jeghers syndrome']


abstract: We report an adult case who presented @entity9468 attacks due to @entity3526 associated with the right aortic arch in a @entity1 with @entity2838 . A 29-year-old male diagnosed as having @entity2838 developed frequent @entity9468 attacks and was admitted to our hospital. Blood pressure of the left arm was 20 mmHg lower than that of the right arm. Aortagraphy showed that he had a right aortic arch and isolation of the left subclavian artery. Right vertebral angiography opacified the left vertebral artery and the subclavian artery in retrograde fashion, suggesting subclavian steal phenomenon. Blood flow studies disclosed impaired reactivity to @entity3791 in the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres. We successfully carried out left common carotid artery-transverse cervical artery bypass. Postoperative angiography confirmed the patency of the graft and the disappearance of subclavian steal phenomenon. Vasoreactivity to @entity3791 normalized in the cerebellum. Vertigo attacks were not noted during the one-year follow-up period.

title: [Subclavian steal syndrome associated with the right aortic arch in a XXXX with @entity2838 : case report].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Cold-acclimation (CA) of the halotolerant alga @entity6618 was inhibited by light and by high salt. CA was associated with enhanced resistance to freezing in saline growth solutions, as manifested by protection of photosynthetic @entity26 evolution and by reduced permeabilisation of the plasma membrane. @entity26 evolution activity in isolated chloroplasts was not affected by freezing, but was inhibited by high salt and the inhibition could be reversed or protected by @entity653 . The activity of chloroplasts from cold-acclimated cells was more resistant to salt than of non-acclimated cells. Electron transport measurements in chloroplasts indicated that high salt inhibited PS-II, but not PS-I electron transport. High salt also inhibited PS-II thermoluminescence (TL) activity in chloroplasts. Similar inhibition of PS-II TL was observed by freezing intact cells in saline solutions. Chloroplasts from cold-acclimated cells had enhanced resistance to inhibition of PS-II electron transport and of PS-II TL by high salt. These results suggest that inhibition of @entity26 evolution upon freezing @entity6618 cells may result from inactivation of PS-II due to massive influx of salt and loss of @entity653 . The enhanced freeze-resistance of cold-acclimated cells to inhibition of @entity26 evolution can be accounted for partly by protection of PS-II against high salt.

title: Cold-acclimation protects photosystem II against freezing damage in the halotolerant alga XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity6618 :: (3046,Species) :: ['Dunaliella salina']


abstract: The First Surgical Clinic of the First Medical Faculty of Charles University and General Faculty Hospital in Prague made operations of the pancreas ever since 1971. In the work sooner or later all approaches to surgical treatment @entity788 were reflected. The authors present a brief review of results and their own experience since 1994 when duodenum-sparing operations were introduced. Indications for surgical treatment were based on the diagnosis by US, CT and ERCP, in exceptional case MR, after evaluation by a pancreatologist, roentgenologist and surgeon. The group of @entity1 with @entity1689 was extended by 21 @entity1 from a group operated because of preoperative suspicion of a malignant @entity5 not confirmed during and after surgery. In those Whipple's operation was preformed. The same operation was performed in three @entity1 with @entity1689 with serious changes in the area of the head of the pancreas. In 123 @entity1 a drainage and duodenum sparing operation was preformed, of these in 57 according to Beger, 19 according to Frey, 37 Partington-Rochelle's procedure. The authors record two @entity260 after the classical Beger operation and the hospital stay was on average by five days shorter as compared with the classical method of Whipple. When evaluating @entity86 ( @entity86 , @entity3147 , physical @entity9528 and social position) the authors recorded equally favourable results as after non-complicated duodenopancreatectomy. They varied, depending on the @entity1 co-operation round 84-87% while authors consider Beger's operation logical because of the removal of the main tissue mass of the head of the pancreas, responsible for @entity86 , complications caused by @entity82 in the area round the bile duct and duodenum, responsible for the deteriation of the @entity2054 in the left half of the gland. Its result is destruction of the remainder of exocrine and endocrine tissue. Of 187 operated @entity1 one @entity1 with decompensated @entity6 died postoperatively. Based on their own experience the authors do not consider repeated re-operations an absolute contraindication of Beger's operation when conditions permit. A problem is, in their opinion, @entity82 in the vicinity of the pancreas and portal overpressure.

title: [Choice of surgical procedure in operations for XXXX --personal experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumour']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complaints and problems', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity9528 :: ('MESH:D005878', 'Disease') :: ['constitution']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: AIM: To retrospectively describe the performance of ultrasound guided thoracic epidural anaesthesia under sedation for anaesthesia management of open pyloromyotomy. BACKGROUND: Anaesthesia management for @entity1184 ( @entity1184 ) is usually performed under general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation. Only a few publications describe avoidance of tracheal intubation in @entity1 by using spinal or caudal anaesthesia. The present retrospective analysis describes the performance of ultrasound guided thoracic epidural anaesthesia under sedation for anaesthetic management of open pyloromyotomy. METHODS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 scheduled for pyloromyotomy according to the Weber-Ramstedt technique were retrospectively analysed. After sedation with @entity5889 and @entity1875 , an ultrasound guided single shot thoracic epidural anaesthesia was performed with 0.75 ml  kg(-1) @entity1342 0.475%. Insufficient blockade was defined as increase of HR > 15% from initial value and/or any movements at skin incision. In those cases we were prepared for rapid sequence intubation according to the departmental standard. RESULTS: All pyloromyotomies could be performed under single shot thoracic epidural anaesthesia and sedation. One case of moderate @entity26 desaturation was treated with intermittent ventilation via face mask. CONCLUSIONS: Thoracic epidural anaesthesia under sedation for pyloromyotomy has been a useful technique in this retrospective series of @entity1 suffering from @entity1184 . In 1/20 @entity1 short term assisted ventilation via face mask was required. Undisturbed surgery was possible in all cases.

title: Management of XXXX with ultrasound guided single shot epidural anaesthesia--a retrospective analysis of 20 cases.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic pylorus stenosis', 'HPS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity5889 :: ('MESH:D009266', 'Chemical') :: ['nalbuphine']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic pylorus stenosis']


abstract: A review of 14 cases of fetal @entity1167 greater than two seconds during labor revealed two distinct patterns. Type 1 episodes developed without warning in eight apparently healthy fetuses at the nadir of a variable deceleration. These episodes were both preceded and followed by normal to increased variability, stable baseline heart rate, and less dramatic variable decelerations. Analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) complexes during the asystole revealed a normal QRS complex, either biphasic or absent P-waves, and occasional ventricular extrasystoles. One of eight fetuses in this group died; the remainder were delivered in good condition and required minimal resuscitation. The mechanism of type 1 episodes appears to be an exuberant vagal response to @entity1745 . Rapid intervention probably is not warranted. Type 2 episodes developed in seriously asphyxiated @entity1 and frequently were preceded by absent variability and, usually, severe decelerations. The fetal ECG pattern during the episode revealed @entity1168 with sinus rhythm. Five of the six @entity1 with type 2 episodes died either in utero or in the neonatal period. Despite the ominous portent of type 2 patterns, rapid delivery appears to be indicated.

title: XXXX during labor.

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['umbilical cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac asystole']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['Fetal cardiac asystole']


abstract: As both @entity3118 and rituximab are active against @entity1071 , we have studied the combination of @entity3118 and rituximab in @entity1 with @entity1893 and @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) in phase I/II fashion. Of 33 @entity1 enrolled, 21(63.6%) had @entity1893 and 12 (36.4%) had @entity1072 . They received @entity3118 30 mg/m2 on days 1-4 and rituximab 125, 250 or 375 mg/m2 on day 5 at intervals of 28 days to a maximum of 8 cycles. Three @entity1 were removed from the study because of rituximab-associated @entity2021 and four because of prolonged @entity137 . @entity137 and responsiveness did not differ at the different dose levels of rituximab. For 29 evaluable @entity1 , responses were seen in 82.8% and complete responses in 34.5%. Of 7 responding @entity1 not referred for stem cell transplantation, 6 remain in complete remission at a median follow-up of 16 months (range 4-30 months). Of 13 previously untreated @entity1 , all responded and 46.2% had a complete response. Of 16 previously treated @entity1 , 68.5% responded and 25% had a complete response. The combination of @entity3118 and rituximab has major activity and acceptable @entity137 in @entity1 with @entity1893 and @entity1072 .

title: Combined XXXX and rituximab for @entity1893 and @entity1072 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'hematopoietic toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['indolent lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: As both @entity3118 and rituximab are active against @entity1071 , we have studied the combination of @entity3118 and rituximab in @entity1 with @entity1893 and @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) in phase I/II fashion. Of 33 @entity1 enrolled, 21(63.6%) had @entity1893 and 12 (36.4%) had @entity1072 . They received @entity3118 30 mg/m2 on days 1-4 and rituximab 125, 250 or 375 mg/m2 on day 5 at intervals of 28 days to a maximum of 8 cycles. Three @entity1 were removed from the study because of rituximab-associated @entity2021 and four because of prolonged @entity137 . @entity137 and responsiveness did not differ at the different dose levels of rituximab. For 29 evaluable @entity1 , responses were seen in 82.8% and complete responses in 34.5%. Of 7 responding @entity1 not referred for stem cell transplantation, 6 remain in complete remission at a median follow-up of 16 months (range 4-30 months). Of 13 previously untreated @entity1 , all responded and 46.2% had a complete response. Of 16 previously treated @entity1 , 68.5% responded and 25% had a complete response. The combination of @entity3118 and rituximab has major activity and acceptable @entity137 in @entity1 with @entity1893 and @entity1072 .

title: Combined @entity3118 and rituximab for @entity1893 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: As both @entity3118 and rituximab are active against @entity1071 , we have studied the combination of @entity3118 and rituximab in @entity1 with @entity1893 and @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) in phase I/II fashion. Of 33 @entity1 enrolled, 21(63.6%) had @entity1893 and 12 (36.4%) had @entity1072 . They received @entity3118 30 mg/m2 on days 1-4 and rituximab 125, 250 or 375 mg/m2 on day 5 at intervals of 28 days to a maximum of 8 cycles. Three @entity1 were removed from the study because of rituximab-associated @entity2021 and four because of prolonged @entity137 . @entity137 and responsiveness did not differ at the different dose levels of rituximab. For 29 evaluable @entity1 , responses were seen in 82.8% and complete responses in 34.5%. Of 7 responding @entity1 not referred for stem cell transplantation, 6 remain in complete remission at a median follow-up of 16 months (range 4-30 months). Of 13 previously untreated @entity1 , all responded and 46.2% had a complete response. Of 16 previously treated @entity1 , 68.5% responded and 25% had a complete response. The combination of @entity3118 and rituximab has major activity and acceptable @entity137 in @entity1 with @entity1893 and @entity1072 .

title: Combined @entity3118 and rituximab for XXXX and @entity1072 .

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['low grade lymphoma']


abstract: Importance: While neoadjuvant chemoradiation for @entity418 improves oncologic outcomes for a broad group of @entity1 with locally advanced and/or node-positive @entity5 , it is less clear which specific subset of @entity1 derives most benefit in terms of overall survival (OS). Objective: To determine whether neoadjuvant chemoradiation based on @entity420 histology has similar oncologic outcomes for @entity1 treated with surgery alone when stratified by clinical nodal status. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : A retrospective analysis using the American College of Surgeons National @entity5 Database from 1998 to 2006. @entity1 with @entity420 histology and clinical stage T1bN1-N3 or T2-T4aN-/+M0 were divided into 2 treatment groups: (1) neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery and (2) surgery alone. Subset analysis within each treatment group was performed for clinically node-negative @entity1 (cN-) vs node-positive @entity1 (cN+) in conjunction with pathological nodal status. A propensity score-adjusted analysis, which included @entity1 demographics, comorbidity status, and clinical T stage, was also performed. Main Outcome and Measures: The primary outcome was 3-year OS. Secondary outcomes included margin status, postoperative length of stay, unplanned readmission rate, and 30-day mortality. Results: A total of 1309 @entity1 were identified, of whom 539 received neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery and 770 received surgery alone. Of the 1309 @entity1 , 41.2% (n   =   539) received neoadjuvant chemoradiation and 47.2% (n   =   618) were cN+. Median follow-up for the entire cohort was 73.3 months (interquartile range, 64.1-93.5 months). The 3-year OS was better for neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery compared with surgery alone (49% vs 38%, respectively; P   <   .001). Stratifying based on clinical nodal status, the propensity score-adjusted OS was significantly better for cN+ @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.42-0.66; P   <   .001). In contrast, there was no difference in OS for cN- @entity1 based on treatment (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.65-1.10; P   =   .22). Conclusions and Relevance: @entity1 with cN+ @entity420 benefit significantly from neoadjuvant chemoradiation. However, @entity1 with @entity5 treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus surgery do not derive a significant OS benefit compared with surgery alone. This finding may have significant implications on the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in @entity1 with cN- disease.

title: Association Between Clinically Staged Node-Negative XXXX and Overall Survival Benefit From Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cN- tumors', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study compared outcomes between thoracic endovascular aortic repair and conventional open surgical and medical therapies for acute complicated type B aortic dissection. METHODS: From 2002 to 2010, a total of 170 @entity1 with type B aortic dissections were retrospectively identified from the University of Pennsylvania aortic database. Of these 170 @entity1 , 147 had acute type B aortic dissections (uncomplicated 70, complicated 77). For @entity1 with acute complicated type B aortic dissections, management included thoracic endovascular aortic repair (group A) or conventional open surgical and medical therapies (group B). RESULTS: In the 77 @entity1 with acute complicated type B aortic dissections, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (group A) was performed in 45 @entity1 (59%). In group B, 20 @entity1 (26%) underwent open surgical repair and 12 (15%) had their conditions managed with medical therapy. @entity2334 was associated with lower in-hospital or 30-day mortality (n = 2, 4%) than conventional therapy (open surgical repair n = 8, 40%, medical therapy, n = 4, 33%, P = .006). @entity1 in group A (thoracic endovascular aortic repair) continued to show significantly improved survival at 1, 3, and 5 years (group A: 82%, 79%, and 79% vs group B: 58%, 52%, and 44%, P = .008). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2334 for acute complicated type B dissection is associated with superior early outcome and improved midterm survival relative to conventional therapy. Longer follow-up demonstrating survival benefit is needed before definitive conclusion can be made.

title: XXXX for acute complicated type B aortic dissection: superiority relative to conventional open surgical and medical therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic endovascular aortic repair']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['Thoracic endovascular aortic repair']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity2346 media with effusion in @entity1 younger than 1 year and its association with the season of the year, artificial feeding, environmental and perinatal factors. METHODS: Retrospective study of 184 randomly included medical records from a total of 982 healthy @entity1 evaluated for hearing screening tests. @entity2346 media with effusion was based on otoscopy (amber-gold color, fluid level, handle of @entity2113 ), type B tympanometric curves and absence of otoacoustic emissions. Incomplete medical records or those describing @entity697 , @entity1729 on the assessment day or in the last 3 months, @entity16 and @entity2122 were excluded. Data such as gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, type of feeding and day care attendance were compared between @entity1 with and without @entity2346 media with effusion through likelihood tests and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: 25.3% of 184 @entity1 had @entity2346 media with bilateral effusion; 9.2% had unilateral. In @entity1 with @entity2346 media, the following were observed: chronological age of 9.6  1.7 months; gestational age >38 weeks in 43.4% and birth weight >2,500g in 48.4%. @entity2172 with effusion was associated with winter/fall, artificial feeding, Apgar score <7 and day care attendance. The multivariate analysis showed that artificial feeding is the factor most often associated to @entity2346 media with effusion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2172 with effusion was found in about one third of @entity1 younger than 1 year and was mainly associated with artificial feeding.

title: [ XXXX with effusion in @entity1 younger than 1 year].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial anomalies']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['Otitis media']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity2113 :: ('MESH:D006679', 'Disease') :: ['malleus position']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['otitis', 'Diagnosis of otitis']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['Otitis media']