abstract: The effect of growth temperature on the loss of virulence of the fish pathogen @entity6464 was investigated. Three virulent strains were grown in Trypticase soy broth at temperatures ranging from 22 to 30 degrees C. Growth at a higher-than-optimal temperature (26 to 27 degrees C for the three strains studied) resulted in the selection of spontaneous attenuated derivatives in the initial bacterial population. For example, virulent bacteria represented less than 10% of the population of a culture grown at 30 degrees C, and attenuated derivatives were easily isolated by streaking the culture on solid medium and picking single colonies. Virulent strains autoaggregated during growth and possessed a cell wall layer (A-layer) external to the outer membrane, as previously described. @entity536 did not autoaggregate and did not possess the A-layer. The A-layer apparently shielded bacteriophage receptors and a @entity3913 -specific @entity375 agglutinin located in the outer membrane. Thus, virulent strains exhibited impaired adsorption of phages, whereas attenuated strains were phage sensitive. Furthermore, attenuated strains agglutinated @entity375 cells but virulent strains did not. The attenuated strains had higher maximum growth temperatures than their virulent parent strains, and this accounts for their selection at high temperatures. It is proposed that the A-layer contributes significantly to the physical properties of the A. salmonicida cell envelope and that these physical properties of the A. salmonicida cell envelope and that these physical change upon loss of the A-layer to permit growth at a higher-than-usual temperature.

title: Loss of virulence during culture of XXXX at high temperature.

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['Attenuated strains']

entities_list: @entity6464 :: ('645', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas salmonicida']

answer: @entity6464 :: (645,Species) :: ['Aeromonas salmonicida']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is rare which can regress spontaneously. Arteriovenous shunts within @entity2695 , however, may result in @entity120 ( @entity120 ) and @entity712 ( @entity712 ).The authors report 2 young @entity1 suffering from multifocal @entity99 associated with @entity712 were both treated with glucocorticoid and transcatheter @entity1416 (TAE), but had different outcomes. The @entity120 decreased immediately and the symptoms of @entity712 were alleviated after TAE for both of them. For the Tibetan @entity1 , the development was normal with @entity5 regression by follow-up. For the Han ethnic neonate, @entity120 increased again in the seventh day with progressive @entity65 . Ultrasound showed a persisting perfusion caused by collateralization around occluded main feeders. Furthermore, a @entity358 occurred and ventilation was performed. As a result, the @entity1 died from @entity177 caused by @entity712 and @entity281 .TAE is a treatment of reducing shunting for @entity2695 . Fistula recanalization in multifocal @entity99 , however, might be an important risk factor affecting the outcome of TAE. TAE should be further evaluated with special attention to anatomy of feeding and draining vessels, and cardiopulmonary conditions. In addition, the @entity1 were susceptible to secondary @entity358 because of @entity358 . As well, the @entity1 from the high altitude area showed better adaptability to @entity519 .

title: Infantile XXXX Associated With @entity712 : Two Case Reports With Different Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['PAH', 'pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung congestion', 'pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['IHH', 'Infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular insufficiency']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic Hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is rare which can regress spontaneously. Arteriovenous shunts within @entity2695 , however, may result in @entity120 ( @entity120 ) and @entity712 ( @entity712 ).The authors report 2 young @entity1 suffering from multifocal @entity99 associated with @entity712 were both treated with glucocorticoid and transcatheter @entity1416 (TAE), but had different outcomes. The @entity120 decreased immediately and the symptoms of @entity712 were alleviated after TAE for both of them. For the Tibetan @entity1 , the development was normal with @entity5 regression by follow-up. For the Han ethnic neonate, @entity120 increased again in the seventh day with progressive @entity65 . Ultrasound showed a persisting perfusion caused by collateralization around occluded main feeders. Furthermore, a @entity358 occurred and ventilation was performed. As a result, the @entity1 died from @entity177 caused by @entity712 and @entity281 .TAE is a treatment of reducing shunting for @entity2695 . Fistula recanalization in multifocal @entity99 , however, might be an important risk factor affecting the outcome of TAE. TAE should be further evaluated with special attention to anatomy of feeding and draining vessels, and cardiopulmonary conditions. In addition, the @entity1 were susceptible to secondary @entity358 because of @entity358 . As well, the @entity1 from the high altitude area showed better adaptability to @entity519 .

title: Infantile @entity99 Associated With XXXX : Two Case Reports With Different Outcomes.

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Congestive Heart Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been an increasing popularity of searching health related information online in recent years. Despite that considerable amount of @entity1635 @entity1 have shown interest in obtaining @entity1635 information through Internet, previous studies have demonstrated poor quality of online information. However, this conclusion may vary depending on region and culture. Since China has a restricted Internet access outside of its borders, the aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of @entity1635 information available online using recognized scoring systems and to analyze the Internet as a source of health information in China. METHODS: A survey-based questionnaire was distributed to 280 respondents at outpatient clinics. Information on demographics and Internet use was collected. Binary logistic analysis was performed to identify possible predictors for the use of Internet. In addition, the top 60 @entity1635 related websites assessed through 4 search engines were reviewed by a surgeon and the quality of online information was evaluated using DISCERN score and @entity17264 benchmark. RESULTS: Use of the Internet as a source for @entity1635 related information was confirmed in 87.8% of the respondents. College education, Internet access at home and urban residence were identified as potential predictors for Internet use. However, the quality of online @entity1635 related information was poor with an average DISCERN score of 27.9  11.7 and may be misleading for @entity1635 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The study outlines the profile of @entity1635 @entity1 who use the Internet as a source of health information. It was shown that 87.8% of the @entity1635 @entity1 in outpatient clinics have searched for @entity1635 related information on Internet. Urban @entity1 , higher education and Internet access at home were identified as potential predictors for Internet search. However, the overall quality of online @entity1635 related information was poor and confusing. Physician based websites seemed to contain more reliable information.

title: Scoliosis related information on the internet in china: can XXXX benefit from this information?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze @entity604 ( @entity604 ) and clinical parameters around narrow-diameter implants (NDIs - 3.3  mm) made of @entity702 / @entity8463 alloy (TiZr) in comparison with commercially pure @entity702 (cpTi) installed in the molar region of the mandible after 1  year in function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 participated in the study. A TiZr and a cpTi @entity3040 were randomly installed in contralateral molar sites of the mandible of each @entity1 in a split-mouth design. Eight weeks after healing, all metal-ceramic single crowns were adapted to the implants and @entity1 were enrolled in a plaque control program. @entity604 at the mesial and distal aspects of the implants were evaluated by comparing periapical radiographs taken immediately after prosthesis installation (T1) and 1  year after loading (T2). Clinical probing depth, @entity548 on probing, suppuration, visible plaque and implant mobility were evaluated to determine implant success and survival rates. RESULTS: Mean @entity604 at the interproximal aspects of TiZr implant sites was 0.32      0.27  mm, while at cpTi implant sites mean @entity604 was 0.35      0.24  mm (P  =  0.60). Both TiZr and cpTi NDIs presented 100% implant survival and success rates, with no significant differences in the clinical parameters studied (P  >  0.05). CONCLUSION: TiZr and cpTi NDIs presented similar outcomes after 1  year in function in the molar region of the mandible. The results suggest that TiZr and cpTi NDIs may be equally used to support single crowns in the posterior area of the mouth. However, further studies with longer follow-up periods are necessary to confirm these findings.

title: One-year follow-up of XXXX / @entity8463 alloy X commercially pure @entity702 narrow-diameter implants placed in the molar region of the mandible: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['MBL', 'marginal bone loss']

entities_list: @entity8463 :: ('MESH:D015040', 'Chemical') :: ['zirconium']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze @entity604 ( @entity604 ) and clinical parameters around narrow-diameter implants (NDIs - 3.3  mm) made of @entity702 / @entity8463 alloy (TiZr) in comparison with commercially pure @entity702 (cpTi) installed in the molar region of the mandible after 1  year in function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 participated in the study. A TiZr and a cpTi @entity3040 were randomly installed in contralateral molar sites of the mandible of each @entity1 in a split-mouth design. Eight weeks after healing, all metal-ceramic single crowns were adapted to the implants and @entity1 were enrolled in a plaque control program. @entity604 at the mesial and distal aspects of the implants were evaluated by comparing periapical radiographs taken immediately after prosthesis installation (T1) and 1  year after loading (T2). Clinical probing depth, @entity548 on probing, suppuration, visible plaque and implant mobility were evaluated to determine implant success and survival rates. RESULTS: Mean @entity604 at the interproximal aspects of TiZr implant sites was 0.32      0.27  mm, while at cpTi implant sites mean @entity604 was 0.35      0.24  mm (P  =  0.60). Both TiZr and cpTi NDIs presented 100% implant survival and success rates, with no significant differences in the clinical parameters studied (P  >  0.05). CONCLUSION: TiZr and cpTi NDIs presented similar outcomes after 1  year in function in the molar region of the mandible. The results suggest that TiZr and cpTi NDIs may be equally used to support single crowns in the posterior area of the mouth. However, further studies with longer follow-up periods are necessary to confirm these findings.

title: One-year follow-up of @entity702 / @entity8463 alloy X commercially pure XXXX narrow-diameter implants placed in the molar region of the mandible: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze @entity604 ( @entity604 ) and clinical parameters around narrow-diameter implants (NDIs - 3.3  mm) made of @entity702 / @entity8463 alloy (TiZr) in comparison with commercially pure @entity702 (cpTi) installed in the molar region of the mandible after 1  year in function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 participated in the study. A TiZr and a cpTi @entity3040 were randomly installed in contralateral molar sites of the mandible of each @entity1 in a split-mouth design. Eight weeks after healing, all metal-ceramic single crowns were adapted to the implants and @entity1 were enrolled in a plaque control program. @entity604 at the mesial and distal aspects of the implants were evaluated by comparing periapical radiographs taken immediately after prosthesis installation (T1) and 1  year after loading (T2). Clinical probing depth, @entity548 on probing, suppuration, visible plaque and implant mobility were evaluated to determine implant success and survival rates. RESULTS: Mean @entity604 at the interproximal aspects of TiZr implant sites was 0.32      0.27  mm, while at cpTi implant sites mean @entity604 was 0.35      0.24  mm (P  =  0.60). Both TiZr and cpTi NDIs presented 100% implant survival and success rates, with no significant differences in the clinical parameters studied (P  >  0.05). CONCLUSION: TiZr and cpTi NDIs presented similar outcomes after 1  year in function in the molar region of the mandible. The results suggest that TiZr and cpTi NDIs may be equally used to support single crowns in the posterior area of the mouth. However, further studies with longer follow-up periods are necessary to confirm these findings.

title: One-year follow-up of @entity702 / XXXX alloy X commercially pure @entity702 narrow-diameter implants placed in the molar region of the mandible: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity8463 :: (MESH:D015040,Chemical) :: ['zirconium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: This study estimates the burden of drug and @entity285 morbidity on hospitals in New South Wales (NSW) by observing a multi-site collective sample utilising survey information and data linkage. Specifically we aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity285 and other drug (AOD) problems and to estimate patterns of utilisation of hospital services, costs of presentations, and admissions for @entity1 with AOD problems. DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from eight NSW public hospitals presenting to the hospital emergency department over a 10 day period. @entity1 completed a self-administered survey with demographic characteristics and questions about substance use. More than two-thirds (68%) of @entity1 consented to provide access to their NSW Health medical data for a period spanning 2.5 years. RESULTS: One-third (35%) of the total sample were identified as having problematic AOD use with one in five of these @entity1 requiring a high level of intervention. Those @entity1 requiring a high level of intervention present more often and cost more per presentation. If admitted they were more likely to have longer stays and were also more likely to be admitted to a @entity146 ward and have a longer stay in the ward. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates a need for AOD interventions in the emergency department setting, both because it represents an opportunity for intervention in a population in which problems with substance use is highly prevalent, and because there is evidence that AOD imposes additional costs on the health system. [Butler K, Reeve R, Arora S, Viney R, Goodall S, van Gool K, Burns L. The hidden costs of drug and @entity285 use in hospital emergency departments. Drug @entity285 Rev 2016;35:359-366].

title: The hidden costs of drug and XXXX use in hospital emergency departments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: The relationships between physical activity, cognition, and development of @entity179 represent an area of intense research interest. Meta-analyses and prospective cohort studies show that greater levels of physical activity are associated with lower @entity303 risk. Most studies, however, depend on self-report data that are subject to recall and other biases. Obtaining objective and quantitative physical activity data could strengthen observational study validity. OBJECTIVE:: To examine the association between objectively measured daytime activity and @entity73 ( @entity73 ) or @entity195 ( @entity195 ). METHODS:: The objective was addressed through the development of a structured, critically appraised topic. We incorporated a clinical scenario, background information, a structured question, literature search strategy, critical appraisal, results, evidence summary, commentary, and bottom line conclusions. @entity1 included consultant and resident neurologists, clinical epidemiologists, a medical librarian, and behavioral neurology and neuropsychiatry content experts. RESULTS:: We selected a prospective, single-center cohort study of 716 cognitively normal elderly @entity1 followed for 3.5 years. Greater levels of physical activity, as measured using wrist actigraphy, were associated with a lower risk of incident @entity73 or @entity195 (hazard ratio, 0.477; 95% confidence interval, 0.273-0.832). CONCLUSIONS:: Objective measurement confirms that greater levels of physical activity are associated with decreased risk of a future diagnosis of @entity73 or @entity195 . Further studies are needed to confirm the temporal association of exercise and future cognitive health and understand the relevant underlying biological mechanisms.

title: Physical Activity Level and Future Risk of Mild @entity73 or XXXX : A Critically Appraised Topic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: The relationships between physical activity, cognition, and development of @entity179 represent an area of intense research interest. Meta-analyses and prospective cohort studies show that greater levels of physical activity are associated with lower @entity303 risk. Most studies, however, depend on self-report data that are subject to recall and other biases. Obtaining objective and quantitative physical activity data could strengthen observational study validity. OBJECTIVE:: To examine the association between objectively measured daytime activity and @entity73 ( @entity73 ) or @entity195 ( @entity195 ). METHODS:: The objective was addressed through the development of a structured, critically appraised topic. We incorporated a clinical scenario, background information, a structured question, literature search strategy, critical appraisal, results, evidence summary, commentary, and bottom line conclusions. @entity1 included consultant and resident neurologists, clinical epidemiologists, a medical librarian, and behavioral neurology and neuropsychiatry content experts. RESULTS:: We selected a prospective, single-center cohort study of 716 cognitively normal elderly @entity1 followed for 3.5 years. Greater levels of physical activity, as measured using wrist actigraphy, were associated with a lower risk of incident @entity73 or @entity195 (hazard ratio, 0.477; 95% confidence interval, 0.273-0.832). CONCLUSIONS:: Objective measurement confirms that greater levels of physical activity are associated with decreased risk of a future diagnosis of @entity73 or @entity195 . Further studies are needed to confirm the temporal association of exercise and future cognitive health and understand the relevant underlying biological mechanisms.

title: Physical Activity Level and Future Risk of Mild XXXX or @entity303 : A Critically Appraised Topic.

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Impairment']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of image guided brachytherapy using inverse planning simulated annealing (IPSA) high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRB) boost for locoregionally advanced @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: From December 2003 through September 2009, 111 @entity1 with @entity5 were treated definitively with IPSA-planned HDRB boost (28  Gy in 4 fractions) after external radiation at our institution. We performed a retrospective review of our experience using image guided brachytherapy. Of the @entity1 , 70% had a @entity5 size >4  cm, 38% had regional nodal disease, and 15% had clinically evident distant @entity3 , including nonregional nodal disease, at the time of diagnosis. Surgical staging involving pelvic lymph node dissection was performed in 15% of @entity1 , and 93% received concurrent @entity900 -based chemotherapy. @entity137 are reported according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0 guidelines. RESULTS: With a median follow-up time of 42  months (range, 3-84  months), no acute or late @entity137 of grade 4 or higher were observed, and grade 3 @entity137 (both acute and late) developed in 8 @entity1 (1 constitutional, 1 hematologic, 2 genitourinary, 4 gastrointestinal). The 4-year Kaplan-Meier estimate of late grade 3 @entity137 was 8%. Local recurrence developed in 5 @entity1 (4 to 9  months after HDRB), regional recurrence in 3 (6, 16, and 72  months after HDRB), and locoregional recurrence in 1 (4  months after HDR boost). The 4-year estimates of local, locoregional, and distant control of disease were 94.0%, 91.9%, and 69.1%, respectively. The overall and disease-free survival rates at 4  years were 64.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] of 54%-73%) and 61.0% (95% CI, 51%-70%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Definitive radiation by use of inverse planned HDRB boost for locoregionally advanced @entity5 is well tolerated and achieves excellent local control of disease. However, overall survival continues to be limited by the high rates of distant @entity3 .

title: Inverse Planned High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Locoregionally Advanced Cervical XXXX : 4-Year Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: @entity280 (pVHL)-mediated ubiquitination of @entity43331 plays a central role in the cellular responses to changes in @entity26 availability. In the present study, using @entity3392 as a model, we showed that specific knockdown of endogenous @entity71537 leads to @entity600 and @entity177 . Knockdown of @entity71537 resulted in abnormal kidney development, including curved and cystic pronephric tubule or/and cystic and @entity3202 . Co-injecting capped @entity71537 messenger RNA (mRNA) partially rescued pronephros morphant phenotype, confirming the specificity of the morpholino oligonucleotide (MO)-induced @entity154 . In keeping with the pronephros phenotype, renal function was affected as well in @entity71537 morphants. Dextran clearance abilities of @entity71537 morphants were significantly reduced as compared with those of control embryos. Further analysis indicated that glomerular integrity is impaired in @entity71537 morphants, while the organization of pronephric duct was minimally affected. @entity71537 morphants display global increased vegf signaling and angiogenesis. In addition, we found that @entity71537 morphants displayed elevated expression of vegfa in podocytes and increased angiogenesis at pronephric glomerulus and the nearby vessels. Treatment of vegf inducer to embryos also caused pronephros phenotype resembling @entity71537 morphants, further supporting that increased vegfa signaling contribute to the pronephros morphant phenotype. Our study establishes the @entity3392 as an alternative vertebrate model system for studying @entity71537 function during kidney development.

title: @entity280 gene plays a role during XXXX pronephros development.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['pronephric defects']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['pronephros malformation']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic glomerulus']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: @entity280 (pVHL)-mediated ubiquitination of @entity43331 plays a central role in the cellular responses to changes in @entity26 availability. In the present study, using @entity3392 as a model, we showed that specific knockdown of endogenous @entity71537 leads to @entity600 and @entity177 . Knockdown of @entity71537 resulted in abnormal kidney development, including curved and cystic pronephric tubule or/and cystic and @entity3202 . Co-injecting capped @entity71537 messenger RNA (mRNA) partially rescued pronephros morphant phenotype, confirming the specificity of the morpholino oligonucleotide (MO)-induced @entity154 . In keeping with the pronephros phenotype, renal function was affected as well in @entity71537 morphants. Dextran clearance abilities of @entity71537 morphants were significantly reduced as compared with those of control embryos. Further analysis indicated that glomerular integrity is impaired in @entity71537 morphants, while the organization of pronephric duct was minimally affected. @entity71537 morphants display global increased vegf signaling and angiogenesis. In addition, we found that @entity71537 morphants displayed elevated expression of vegfa in podocytes and increased angiogenesis at pronephric glomerulus and the nearby vessels. Treatment of vegf inducer to embryos also caused pronephros phenotype resembling @entity71537 morphants, further supporting that increased vegfa signaling contribute to the pronephros morphant phenotype. Our study establishes the @entity3392 as an alternative vertebrate model system for studying @entity71537 function during kidney development.

title: XXXX gene plays a role during @entity3392 pronephros development.

answer: @entity280 :: (MESH:D006623,Disease) :: ['von Hippel-Lindau']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inadequate relief of @entity158 is a major reason of increased occurrence of @entity260 . We aimed to investigate and compare the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and @entity616 ( @entity616 ) to relieve @entity158 after thoracotomy procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 40 @entity1 who underwent thoracotomy. @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either @entity616 (group P, n   =   20) or TENS (group T, n   =   20) for @entity282 . The electrodes of TENS were placed 2 cm under and 2 cm over the thoracotomy cut on both posterior and anterior sides. The surgeon inserted paravertebral catheters using direct vision at the end of the surgery. A @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) device was connected to all @entity1 . Visual analog scales, @entity1 demand, and consumption of @entity1340 were evaluated postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean visual analog scale (VAS) values were significantly lower in group P for all time points. The @entity1 in group P needed lower amounts of opioid ( @entity1340 ) and the difference was statistically significant (258.4        13.52   mg vs. 314.4        8.65   mg, p   =   0.005). In addition, the number of demand attempts recorded from the PCA device was significantly lower in group P (14.95        13.64 vs. 26.7        17.34, respectively and p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: TENS has beneficial effects for @entity158 relief after thoracotomy, without any side effects; however, it cannot provide sufficient @entity158 relief when compared with @entity616 .

title: Comparison of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Paravertebral Block for Postthoracotomy XXXX Relief.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'postthoracotomy pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['PVB', 'paravertebral block']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in absolute lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte subsets, and @entity281 in @entity1 treated with @entity15626 ( @entity9104 ) in comparison to the baseline pre- @entity9104 levels. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of 23 @entity15 @entity1 treated with @entity9104 . Absolute lymphocyte counts and lymphocyte subsets were obtained at baseline and after at least 3 months of @entity9104 treatment. Data on @entity281 requiring medical attention were also collected. RESULTS: A total of 23 @entity1 were included in this analysis, 11 male (48%), 12 female (52%), with a mean age of 44.5  14.1 years, disease duration of 13.7  8.9 years, and EDSS of 3.5  1.7. The time between baseline and treatment lymphocyte counts was 3.9  1.2 months. Significant reductions in absolute lymphocyte counts by 35% (p<0.0001), CD3(+) by 34% (p<0.0001), @entity404 (+) by 34% (p<0.0001), @entity405 (+) by 40% (p<0.0001), and @entity1075 (+) counts by 48% (p=0.0098) were found. Grade 2 @entity2905 occurred in 24% of @entity1 and grade 3 @entity2905 occurred in 1 @entity1 . @entity281 occurred in 26% of @entity1 , mainly as @entity293 (22%) and one fatal case of @entity26344 in a @entity1 with grade 3 @entity2905 , who had been on @entity9104 for 5 months. A detailed summary of this fatal case is provided. CONCLUSION: Lymphocyte subsets may help to provide better understanding of immunologic and safety impact of @entity9104 .

title: Effects of XXXX on lymphocyte subsets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26344 :: ('MESH:D014901', 'Disease') :: ['West Nile encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl fumarate']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity15626 :: (MESH:C056020,Chemical) :: ['dimethyl fumarate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Myeloid cells are an essential part of the @entity463 microenvironment. However, in @entity1313 the function of these immune cells is not sufficiently clarified. In our study, we investigated differential pro-angiogenic activities of resident microglia and peripheral macrophages and their impact on @entity11 vascularization and progression. Our data demonstrate stable accumulation of microglia/macrophages during @entity5 growth. These cells often interact with @entity5 blood vessels correlating with @entity6980 . Here, we identified resident microglia as well as peripheral macrophages as part of the perivascular niche, primarily contacting endothelial cells. We found overexpression of a variety of pro-angiogenic molecules within freshly isolated microglia/macrophages from @entity11 . @entity10149 , until now a poorly described chemokine, was strongly up-regulated and showed better angiogenic activity than @entity7 in vitro. Blocking the @entity10149 - @entity7416 signaling pathway resulted in considerably diminished @entity11 sizes. Additionally, the importance of microglia/macrophages in @entity5 angiogenesis was confirmed by depletion of these cells in vivo. Vessel density decreased by 50  % leading to significantly smaller @entity5 volumes. Remarkably, selective reduction of resident microglia affected tumoral vessel count comparable to ablation of the whole myeloid cell fraction. These results provide evidence that resident microglia are the crucial modulatory cell population playing a central role in regulation of vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis in @entity1313 . Thus, resident microglia represent an alternative source of pro-angiogenic growth factors and cytokines.

title: Resident microglia rather than peripheral macrophages promote vascularization in XXXX and are source of alternative pro-angiogenic factors.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) located at the craniocervical junction are rare @entity1462 with distinctive features, and their natural history and the optimal treatment strategy remains unclear. We retrospectively reviewed eight @entity1 with craniocervical junction DAVF who were evaluated at our institution between 2009 and 2012. We also conducted a MEDLINE search for all reports of craniocervical junction DAVF between 1970 and 2013, and reviewed 119 @entity1 from 56 studies. From a total of 127 @entity1 , 46 (37.1%) presented with @entity602 , 53 (43.1%) with @entity510 ( @entity510 ), and four (3.3%) with @entity409 . @entity510 was typically mild, most often Hunt and Hess Grade I or II (83.3%), and associated with ascending venous drainage via the intracranial veins (p<0.001). Higher rates of obliteration were observed after microsurgery compared to embolization. Overall, younger age (odds ratio [OR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.12; p=0.011), hemorrhagic presentation (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.06-0.50; p=0.001), and microsurgery (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.08-0.6; p=0.004) were independently predictive of good outcome at the last follow-up. Microsurgery was the only independent predictor of overall improvement at the last follow-up (OR 4.35; 95% CI 1.44-13.2; p=0.009). Prompt diagnosis and microsurgical management, offering a greater chance of immediate obliteration, may optimize the outcomes for @entity1 with craniocervical junction DAVF. Endovascular treatment is often not feasible due to lesion angioarchitecture, and is associated with a higher risk of lesion recanalization or recurrence. However, long term studies with newer @entity887 such as Onyx (ev3 Endovascular, Plymouth, MN, USA) are yet to be performed.

title: Natural history and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['Dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'DAVFs']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic agents']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['craniocervical junction dural arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Knee function, whether anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient or ACL-reconstructed, is related to many conditions, and no single biomechanical variable can be used to definitively assess knee performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between extension and flexion muscle strength and knee function in @entity1 prior and following ACL reconstruction. METHODS: 44 @entity1347 @entity1 with a mean age of 26.6  years were tested between 3 and 6  months following an @entity131 and 2  years following ACL reconstruction. All reconstructed @entity1 underwent surgical reconstruction within 6  months of ACL injury using bone-patellar tendon and interference screws. The Cincinnati knee rating system was used to assess knee function. Muscle strength was assessed with the Biodex    Dynamometer. Isokinetic concentric and eccentric flexion and extension peak torque (Nm/kg) was tested at three different speeds: 60  /s, 120  /s and 180  /s. Isometric strength was tested in 30   and 60   of knee flexion. Both the involved and non-involved legs were tested to calculate symmetry indices. RESULTS: The mean Cincinnati score in the @entity1347 @entity1 was 62.0      14.5 (range 36-84) and increased to 89.3      9.5 (range 61-100) in the ACL-reconstructed @entity1 . Significant relationships between knee function and muscle strength in the @entity1347 group were observed for knee symmetry indices (r  =  0.38-0.50, p  =  0.0001-0.05). In the ACL-reconstructed group significant relationships between knee functionality were observed for isometric and isokinetic peak torque of the involved limb (r  =  0.46-0.71, p  =  0.0001-0.007). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that neither extension nor flexion peak torque were correlates of knee function in the @entity1347 knee. However, leg symmetry indices were correlated to knee function. In the ACL-reconstructed knee, knee symmetry indices were not related to knee function but extension and flexion isokinetic concentric and isometric peak torque were.

title: Strength does not influence knee function in the XXXX knee but is a correlate of knee function in the and ACL-reconstructed knee.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ACL-deficient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute injury']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['ACL-deficient']


abstract: AIMS: To study the prognostic effect of @entity13678 on outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 receiving a CRT device in the University Medical Centre Groningen were included. @entity13678 was defined as a >= 10% reduction in left atrial volume index at 6-month follow-up. Success of CRT was defined as ventricular reverse remodelling with a reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume of >= 15% at 6-month follow-up. Primary endpoint was all-cause mortality or @entity712 hospitalizations. A total of 365 @entity1 (mean age 65.1    11.0 years, 73% @entity1 ) were included; among them, 221 (61%) were in sinus rhythm and had no prior @entity955 ( @entity955 ), and 144 @entity1 (39%) had a history of @entity955 . During a mean follow up of 2.0    1.0 years, 49 @entity1 died. Cox regression analysis revealed that @entity1 with no atrial and no ventricular reverse remodelling had the worst outcome (hazard ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 1.4-7.1, P = 0.006). Outcome in @entity1 with only @entity13678 was comparable with outcome in @entity1 with both @entity5707 (hazard ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 0.7-5.6, P = 0.21). CONCLUSION: @entity1 without @entity5707 have the worst outcome. @entity1 with only @entity13678 have improved left ventricular diastolic filling during follow-up and demonstrate a comparable outcome with @entity1 with both @entity5707 . Assessment of @entity13678 may provide additional prognostic information in determining CRT outcome.

title: XXXX is associated with outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy   .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial reverse remodelling', 'atrial reverse remodelling']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular reverse remodelling']

answer: @entity13678 :: (MESH:D064752,Disease) :: ['Atrial reverse remodelling']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the safety profile and characterize the immunologic effects of high- vs low-dose @entity3875 supplementation in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). METHODS: In this double-blind, single-center randomized pilot study, 40 @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 were randomized to receive 10,400 IU or 800 IU @entity3875 daily for 6 months. Assessments were performed at baseline and 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Mean increase of @entity14257 levels from baseline to final visit was larger in the high-dose group (34.9 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI] 25.0-44.7 ng/mL) than in the low-dose group (6.9 ng/mL; 95% CI 1.0-13.7 ng/mL). Adverse events were minor and did not differ between the 2 groups. Two relapses occurred, one in each treatment arm. In the high-dose group, we found a reduction in the proportion of interleukin-17(+) @entity404 (+) T cells (p = 0.016), CD161(+) @entity404 (+) T cells (p = 0.03), and effector memory @entity404 (+) T cells (p = 0.021) with a concomitant increase in the proportion of central memory @entity404 (+) T cells (p = 0.018) and naive @entity404 (+) T cells (p = 0.04). These effects were not observed in the low-dose group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3875 supplementation with 10,400 IU daily is safe and tolerable in @entity1 with @entity15 and exhibits in vivo pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects in @entity15 , which include reduction of interleukin-17 production by @entity404 (+) T cells and decreased proportion of effector memory @entity404 (+) T cells with concomitant increase in central memory @entity404 (+) T cells and naive @entity404 (+) T cells. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class I evidence that @entity3875 supplementation with 10,400 IU daily is safe and well-tolerated in @entity1 with @entity15 and exhibits in vivo pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects.

title: Safety and immunologic effects of high- vs low-dose @entity3875 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol', 'Cholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the safety profile and characterize the immunologic effects of high- vs low-dose @entity3875 supplementation in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). METHODS: In this double-blind, single-center randomized pilot study, 40 @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 were randomized to receive 10,400 IU or 800 IU @entity3875 daily for 6 months. Assessments were performed at baseline and 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Mean increase of @entity14257 levels from baseline to final visit was larger in the high-dose group (34.9 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI] 25.0-44.7 ng/mL) than in the low-dose group (6.9 ng/mL; 95% CI 1.0-13.7 ng/mL). Adverse events were minor and did not differ between the 2 groups. Two relapses occurred, one in each treatment arm. In the high-dose group, we found a reduction in the proportion of interleukin-17(+) @entity404 (+) T cells (p = 0.016), CD161(+) @entity404 (+) T cells (p = 0.03), and effector memory @entity404 (+) T cells (p = 0.021) with a concomitant increase in the proportion of central memory @entity404 (+) T cells (p = 0.018) and naive @entity404 (+) T cells (p = 0.04). These effects were not observed in the low-dose group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3875 supplementation with 10,400 IU daily is safe and tolerable in @entity1 with @entity15 and exhibits in vivo pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects in @entity15 , which include reduction of interleukin-17 production by @entity404 (+) T cells and decreased proportion of effector memory @entity404 (+) T cells with concomitant increase in central memory @entity404 (+) T cells and naive @entity404 (+) T cells. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class I evidence that @entity3875 supplementation with 10,400 IU daily is safe and well-tolerated in @entity1 with @entity15 and exhibits in vivo pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects.

title: Safety and immunologic effects of high- vs low-dose XXXX in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3875 :: (MESH:D002762,Chemical) :: ['cholecalciferol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Trisomy 21 is known to decrease the risk of several (nonocular) angiogenic-mediated diseases. The objective of this study was to determine whether trisomy 21 can also be shown to be significantly protective against ocular angiogenic-mediated disorders such as @entity989 (ROP). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of deidentified data from the Pediatrix BabySteps Clinical Warehouse. This large repository of neonatal data is approved for use in research studies by the Western Institutional Review Board. The study population consisted of 99,080 @entity1 with very low birth weights (BWs; BW <1500 g), born between 1996 and 2013, cared for at >300 US NICUs, and who had been discharged alive from hospital. Statistical significance for unadjusted comparisons between groups was determined with Pearson's   (2) test or Student's t test. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds of ROP (of any stage) and advanced ROP (stage 3 or greater) for @entity1 with trisomy 21 compared with all other @entity1 . RESULTS: The prevalence of trisomy 21 was 0.3% in the study population (321 of 99,080). After adjustment for BW, gestational age, oxygen exposure, and other potential confounders, there was an odds ratio of 0.6 (95% confidence interval: 0.5-0.8) for ROP in @entity1 with trisomy 21compared with other @entity1 and an odds ratio of 0.4 (95% confidence interval: 0.1-0.9) for advanced-stage ROP. CONCLUSIONS: Trisomy 21 significantly decreases the odds for ROP in very low BW @entity1 survivors. This study unmasks a potentially identifiable genetic component to ROP risk, paving the way for the development of a laboratory-based ROP screening tool.

title: Trisomy 21 and Risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy of prematurity']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Retinopathy of Prematurity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study was designed to evaluate the beneficial effects of Withania somnifera (WS) pre-supplementation on @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) model of @entity385 . @entity385 was induced in the @entity35 by inserting intraluminal suture for 90  min, followed by reperfusion injury for 24  h. The animals were assessed for locomotor functions (by neurological deficit scores, narrow beam walk and rotarod test), cognitive and @entity148 -like behavioural functions (by morris water maze and elevated plus maze test). @entity2500 animals showed significant @entity73 . Neurobehavioural changes were accompanied by decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, increased oxidative stress in terms of enhanced lipid peroxidation and lowered @entity1432 levels in the @entity2500 animals. In addition, @entity2500 animals had @entity385 and the presence of pycnotic nuclei. Single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) of @entity2500 animals revealed a @entity385 as a hypoactive area. On the other hand, pre-supplementation with WS (300  mg/kg body weight) for 30  days to @entity2500 animals was effective in restoring the acetylcholinesterase activity, lipid peroxidation, @entity1433 and attenuated @entity2500 . WS significantly reduced the @entity385 and ameliorated histopathological alterations. Improved blood flow was observed in the SPECT images from the brain regions of @entity63 @entity35 pre-treated with WS. The results of the study showed a protective effect of WS supplementation in @entity385 and are suggestive of its potential application in @entity64 management.

title: Propensity of Withania somnifera to Attenuate Behavioural, Biochemical, and Histological Alterations in Experimental Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO induced behavioural deficits', 'MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in locomotor and cognitive functions']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarct', 'cerebral infarcts', 'Ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarct volume']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background The relative efficacy and safety of intravitreous aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab in the treatment of @entity1103 are unknown. Methods At 89 clinical sites, we randomly assigned 660 adults (mean age, 61  10 years) with @entity1103 involving the macular center to receive intravitreous aflibercept at a dose of 2.0 mg (224 @entity1 ), bevacizumab at a dose of 1.25 mg (218 @entity1 ), or ranibizumab at a dose of 0.3 mg (218 @entity1 ). The study drugs were administered as often as every 4 weeks, according to a protocol-specified algorithm. The primary outcome was the mean change in visual acuity at 1 year. Results From baseline to 1 year, the mean @entity227 letter score (range, 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better visual acuity; a score of 85 is approximately 20/20) improved by 13.3 with aflibercept, by 9.7 with bevacizumab, and by 11.2 with ranibizumab. Although the improvement was greater with aflibercept than with the other two drugs (P<0.001 for aflibercept vs. bevacizumab and P=0.03 for aflibercept vs. ranibizumab), it was not clinically meaningful, because the difference was driven by the eyes with worse visual acuity at baseline (P<0.001 for interaction). When the initial @entity227 letter score was 78 to 69 (equivalent to approximately 20/32 to 20/40) (51% of @entity1 ), the mean improvement was 8.0 with aflibercept, 7.5 with bevacizumab, and 8.3 with ranibizumab (P>0.50 for each pairwise comparison). When the initial letter score was less than 69 (approximately 20/50 or worse), the mean improvement was 18.9 with aflibercept, 11.8 with bevacizumab, and 14.2 with ranibizumab (P<0.001 for aflibercept vs. bevacizumab, P=0.003 for aflibercept vs. ranibizumab, and P=0.21 for ranibizumab vs. bevacizumab). There were no significant differences among the study groups in the rates of serious adverse events (P=0.40), hospitalization (P=0.51), @entity204 (P=0.72), or major cardiovascular events (P=0.56). Conclusions Intravitreous aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab improved vision in eyes with center-involved @entity1103 , but the relative effect depended on baseline visual acuity. When the initial @entity227 was mild, there were no apparent differences, on average, among study groups. At worse levels of initial visual acuity, aflibercept was more effective at improving vision. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01627249 .).

title: Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-acuity loss', 'visual-acuity']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic macular edema']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Macular Edema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A major cause of @entity204 after @entity683 virus infection is @entity651 due to a bacterial superinfection, yet the mechanism is unknown. @entity204 has been attributed to virus-induced immunosuppression and @entity6124 , but this hypothesis is based on data from the preantibiotic era and animal models that omit antimicrobial therapy. Because of diagnostic uncertainty, most @entity1 with @entity683 receive antibiotics, making @entity6124 unlikely. @entity1576 after superinfection presents as acute @entity649 , a disorder characterized by lung microvascular leak and @entity4 . The objective of this study was to determine whether the @entity683 virus sensitizes the lung endothelium to leak upon exposure to circulating bacterial-derived molecular patterns from @entity794 . In vitro as well as in vivo models of @entity683 followed by @entity794 superinfection were used. Molecular mechanisms were explored using molecular biology, knockout @entity19 , and @entity1 autopsy specimens. @entity778 sensitized @entity1 lung endothelium to leak when challenged with @entity794 , even at low doses of @entity683 and even when the pathogens were given days apart. Influenza virus increased endothelial expression of @entity10736 both in vitro and in intact lungs, a finding corroborated by @entity1 autopsy specimens of @entity1 with @entity683 . Leak was recapitulated with protein A, a @entity10736 ligand, and sequential infection caused protein A-dependent loss of IkB, cleavage of @entity61320 , and lung endothelial apoptosis. @entity19 infected sequentially with @entity683 virus and @entity794 developed significantly @entity4 that was protein A and @entity10736 dependent. Influenza virus primes the lung endothelium to leak, predisposing @entity1 to acute @entity649 upon exposure to @entity794 .

title: Influenza-Induced Priming and Leak of @entity1 Lung Microvascular Endothelium upon Exposure to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Influenza virus infection']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'increased lung edema']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity6124 :: ('MESH:D001765', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial overgrowth']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A major cause of @entity204 after @entity683 virus infection is @entity651 due to a bacterial superinfection, yet the mechanism is unknown. @entity204 has been attributed to virus-induced immunosuppression and @entity6124 , but this hypothesis is based on data from the preantibiotic era and animal models that omit antimicrobial therapy. Because of diagnostic uncertainty, most @entity1 with @entity683 receive antibiotics, making @entity6124 unlikely. @entity1576 after superinfection presents as acute @entity649 , a disorder characterized by lung microvascular leak and @entity4 . The objective of this study was to determine whether the @entity683 virus sensitizes the lung endothelium to leak upon exposure to circulating bacterial-derived molecular patterns from @entity794 . In vitro as well as in vivo models of @entity683 followed by @entity794 superinfection were used. Molecular mechanisms were explored using molecular biology, knockout @entity19 , and @entity1 autopsy specimens. @entity778 sensitized @entity1 lung endothelium to leak when challenged with @entity794 , even at low doses of @entity683 and even when the pathogens were given days apart. Influenza virus increased endothelial expression of @entity10736 both in vitro and in intact lungs, a finding corroborated by @entity1 autopsy specimens of @entity1 with @entity683 . Leak was recapitulated with protein A, a @entity10736 ligand, and sequential infection caused protein A-dependent loss of IkB, cleavage of @entity61320 , and lung endothelial apoptosis. @entity19 infected sequentially with @entity683 virus and @entity794 developed significantly @entity4 that was protein A and @entity10736 dependent. Influenza virus primes the lung endothelium to leak, predisposing @entity1 to acute @entity649 upon exposure to @entity794 .

title: Influenza-Induced Priming and Leak of XXXX Lung Microvascular Endothelium upon Exposure to @entity794 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the morphology and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values among @entity0 subtypes. METHODS: Ninety-three @entity1 , who underwent breast MRI and collectively had 98 pathologically proven invasive @entity189 , were enrolled. Morphology was evaluated according to BIRADS-MRI. Minimum ADC was measured. Morphology and minimum ADC were compared among subtypes. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the characteristics associated with different subtypes. RESULTS: Oval/round shape was significantly associated with @entity5 ( @entity549 vs. @entity549 : 90.9% vs. 45.2%; p=0.0123). Rim enhancement was significantly less frequent in Luminal A (Luminal A vs. non-Luminal A: 34.2% vs. 76.1%; p=0.0003). The minimum ADC of Luminal A was significantly higher than that of Luminal B ( @entity1722 -negative) (834 vs. 748*10(-6)mm(2)/s; p<0.025). The minimum ADC of the @entity549 -special type was significantly higher than that of @entity513 (997 vs. 702*10(-6)mm(2)/s; p<0.025). On the multivariate analysis comparing the characteristics associated with Luminal A vs. Luminal B ( @entity1722 -negative), the internal enhancement characteristics of the mass and minimum ADC were significant factors. CONCLUSION: Morphology and minimum ADC would be useful in distinguishing @entity0 subtypes.

title: Differences in morphological features and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient values among XXXX subtypes using 3-tesla MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['triple-negative (TN) cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is increasing demand for cryopreserved cells such as liver and pancreatic cells for clinical applications. Cryopreservation at ultra-low temperatures requires use of cryoprotectants (e.g. @entity3733 ( @entity3733 )) to maintain cell integrity during freezing and thawing processes. Standard cryoprotectants are cytotoxic and more effective cryopreservation technologies are urgently needed for long-term storage of cells. As an alternative, soluble protein extracts (WPE) from winter @entity3505 successfully replaced @entity3733 as a cryoprotectant for several @entity1 cell types. To identify novel cryoactive proteins, the WPE was separated by chromatography and cryoactive fractions were analysed by mass spectrometry. The @entity3505 protein 2- @entity2569 peroxiredoxin BAS1 (renamed TaBAS1) was identified as a potential cryoactive candidate. Recombinant proteins were prepared and found to possess dual functions as a peroxidase antioxidant and molecular chaperone, and display cryoprotective properties for hepatocytes and insulin-secreting INS832/13 cells. Following cryopreservation with TaBAS1, cells were plateable and showed high post-thaw viability, good adhesion properties and well-maintained cell-specific metabolic functions. The overall quality of these cell types was equivalent or improved compared to cells that were cryopreserved with @entity3733 . The antioxidant and chaperone functions of TaBAS1 likely explain its efficacy in reducing oxidative/nitrosative stresses in cryopreserved cells. The plant protein TaBAS1 could be a promising molecule to include in cryostorage protocols. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Plant protein 2- XXXX peroxiredoxin TaBAS1 alleviates oxidative and nitrosative stresses incurred during cryopreservation of @entity1 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

answer: @entity2569 :: (CHEBI:17561,Chemical) :: ['Cys']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is increasing demand for cryopreserved cells such as liver and pancreatic cells for clinical applications. Cryopreservation at ultra-low temperatures requires use of cryoprotectants (e.g. @entity3733 ( @entity3733 )) to maintain cell integrity during freezing and thawing processes. Standard cryoprotectants are cytotoxic and more effective cryopreservation technologies are urgently needed for long-term storage of cells. As an alternative, soluble protein extracts (WPE) from winter @entity3505 successfully replaced @entity3733 as a cryoprotectant for several @entity1 cell types. To identify novel cryoactive proteins, the WPE was separated by chromatography and cryoactive fractions were analysed by mass spectrometry. The @entity3505 protein 2- @entity2569 peroxiredoxin BAS1 (renamed TaBAS1) was identified as a potential cryoactive candidate. Recombinant proteins were prepared and found to possess dual functions as a peroxidase antioxidant and molecular chaperone, and display cryoprotective properties for hepatocytes and insulin-secreting INS832/13 cells. Following cryopreservation with TaBAS1, cells were plateable and showed high post-thaw viability, good adhesion properties and well-maintained cell-specific metabolic functions. The overall quality of these cell types was equivalent or improved compared to cells that were cryopreserved with @entity3733 . The antioxidant and chaperone functions of TaBAS1 likely explain its efficacy in reducing oxidative/nitrosative stresses in cryopreserved cells. The plant protein TaBAS1 could be a promising molecule to include in cryostorage protocols. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Plant protein 2- @entity2569 peroxiredoxin TaBAS1 alleviates oxidative and nitrosative stresses incurred during cryopreservation of XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) in @entity1 with various @entity6910 blood types. METHODS: Clinical information from 150 @entity1 with a confirmed diagnosis of ISR and 150 @entity1 with a diagnosis of patent coronary stents in the secondary angiography was collected. Comprehensive demographic and laboratory data, including @entity6910 and Rhesus blood groups, as well as comorbid conditions and vessel and stent characteristics, were recorded for each @entity1 . The association of @entity6910 blood groups with the risk of ISR before and after controlling for coronary risk factors was determined. Categorical data were analyzed with the Chi-square test and numerical values were analyzed with t-tests. Binary logistic regression models were constructed to compare type A and non-A for the frequency of risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 392 stents were implanted in 300 @entity1 . Two hundred and fourteen stents (54.6%) were patent and 178 stents (45.4%) were stenosed. Blood group A was significantly more common in the ISR group (43.3% vs. 28.7%, p=0.03). However, the frequencies of other blood types, as well as Rh antigen, were similar between the two groups. @entity412 and low-density lipoproteins were the only significantly different variables (221    198 mg/dL vs. 138    76 mg/dL, p<0.001 and 108    36 mg/dL vs. 96    73 mg/dL, p=0.04, in type-A vs. non-A, respectively). After matching for coronary risk factors, there was no difference between A blood type @entity1 and their controls. CONCLUSION: ISR is significantly more prevalent in individuals with the type A blood group. However, this higher association is most likely due to higher atherogenic conditions in @entity1 within this population.

title: Association of XXXX blood types with the risk of in-stent restenosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

answer: @entity6910 :: (28,Gene) :: ['ABO']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to analyse demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as @entity146 diagnoses to identify gender differences in @entity1 with attempted suicide in a Mexican population. METHODS: Between September 2010 and September 2012, 140 suicide attempts were documented in the Department of Psychiatry at the General Hospital of Comalcalco (Hospital General de Comalcalco in Spanish) in Tabasco, Mexico. Diagnoses were established using the DSM-IV questionnaire in which Axis I and II were considered. The Suicide Intent Scale was also applied. RESULTS: In our sample, 63.6% were females and 36.4% males. With regard to socio-demographic characteristics, the predominant marital status in males was single, and in females married (  2=5.93, df=2, p=0.05). In occupation the male group was mainly unemployed and housewife in females (  2=55.51, df=4, p<0.001). Male subjects were more likely to consume alcohol (  2=20.40, df=1, p <=0.001), @entity835 (  2=16.62, df=1, p <=0.001) or @entity286 . The prevalence of @entity146 diagnosis was significantly different because, the male group was mainly diagnosed with @entity734 , whereas female @entity1 showed a prevalence of stress-related disorders (  2=34.17, gl=4, p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence that the characteristics of suicide attempt are different by gender in the Mexican population. Interventions are necessary for the development of prevention strategies that may lead to a reduction in suicidal behaviour. These preventive activities should consider the occupation for the female group and consumption of alcohol, @entity835 or @entity286 in the male group.

title: Gender differences in socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and XXXX diagnosis in/of suicide attempters in a Mexican population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance-related disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the clinical activity of @entity309 patients and serum adipocytokines ( @entity1243 , @entity1254 and @entity13490 ) and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS: All @entity309 @entity1 fulfilled ACR 1987 criteria and were treated with DMARDs. Adipocytokine and inflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated using ELISA. RESULTS: 121 @entity1 were included in the study. Stratifying according to DAS28 (low, moderate and high activity), there were significant differences for @entity1243 , @entity13490 , @entity650 and @entity4155 , however, no differences were seen for @entity1254 , @entity310 or @entity1356 . Clinical activity positively correlated with @entity1243 , @entity13490 , @entity4155 and @entity650 levels, but not with @entity1254 , @entity310 or @entity1356 . @entity1254 levels negatively correlated with @entity310 and positively correlated with @entity1356 . @entity1356 positively correlated with @entity650 and negatively correlated with @entity310 and @entity4155 . CONCLUSION: Circulating @entity1243 , @entity13490 , @entity650 and @entity4155 levels positively correlate with @entity309 clinical activity in a manner independent of the subject's BMI. Complex relationships between inflammatory cytokines were observed in @entity309 @entity1 suggesting that other metabolic or inflammatory factors could be involved.

title: Peripheral blood @entity1243 and @entity13490 levels as clinical activity biomarkers in Mexican XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the clinical activity of @entity309 patients and serum adipocytokines ( @entity1243 , @entity1254 and @entity13490 ) and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS: All @entity309 @entity1 fulfilled ACR 1987 criteria and were treated with DMARDs. Adipocytokine and inflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated using ELISA. RESULTS: 121 @entity1 were included in the study. Stratifying according to DAS28 (low, moderate and high activity), there were significant differences for @entity1243 , @entity13490 , @entity650 and @entity4155 , however, no differences were seen for @entity1254 , @entity310 or @entity1356 . Clinical activity positively correlated with @entity1243 , @entity13490 , @entity4155 and @entity650 levels, but not with @entity1254 , @entity310 or @entity1356 . @entity1254 levels negatively correlated with @entity310 and positively correlated with @entity1356 . @entity1356 positively correlated with @entity650 and negatively correlated with @entity310 and @entity4155 . CONCLUSION: Circulating @entity1243 , @entity13490 , @entity650 and @entity4155 levels positively correlate with @entity309 clinical activity in a manner independent of the subject's BMI. Complex relationships between inflammatory cytokines were observed in @entity309 @entity1 suggesting that other metabolic or inflammatory factors could be involved.

title: Peripheral blood XXXX and @entity13490 levels as clinical activity biomarkers in Mexican @entity309 @entity1 .

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['Leptin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the clinical activity of @entity309 patients and serum adipocytokines ( @entity1243 , @entity1254 and @entity13490 ) and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS: All @entity309 @entity1 fulfilled ACR 1987 criteria and were treated with DMARDs. Adipocytokine and inflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated using ELISA. RESULTS: 121 @entity1 were included in the study. Stratifying according to DAS28 (low, moderate and high activity), there were significant differences for @entity1243 , @entity13490 , @entity650 and @entity4155 , however, no differences were seen for @entity1254 , @entity310 or @entity1356 . Clinical activity positively correlated with @entity1243 , @entity13490 , @entity4155 and @entity650 levels, but not with @entity1254 , @entity310 or @entity1356 . @entity1254 levels negatively correlated with @entity310 and positively correlated with @entity1356 . @entity1356 positively correlated with @entity650 and negatively correlated with @entity310 and @entity4155 . CONCLUSION: Circulating @entity1243 , @entity13490 , @entity650 and @entity4155 levels positively correlate with @entity309 clinical activity in a manner independent of the subject's BMI. Complex relationships between inflammatory cytokines were observed in @entity309 @entity1 suggesting that other metabolic or inflammatory factors could be involved.

title: Peripheral blood @entity1243 and XXXX levels as clinical activity biomarkers in Mexican @entity309 @entity1 .

answer: @entity13490 :: (56729,Gene) :: ['Resistin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the clinical activity of @entity309 patients and serum adipocytokines ( @entity1243 , @entity1254 and @entity13490 ) and inflammatory cytokines. METHODS: All @entity309 @entity1 fulfilled ACR 1987 criteria and were treated with DMARDs. Adipocytokine and inflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated using ELISA. RESULTS: 121 @entity1 were included in the study. Stratifying according to DAS28 (low, moderate and high activity), there were significant differences for @entity1243 , @entity13490 , @entity650 and @entity4155 , however, no differences were seen for @entity1254 , @entity310 or @entity1356 . Clinical activity positively correlated with @entity1243 , @entity13490 , @entity4155 and @entity650 levels, but not with @entity1254 , @entity310 or @entity1356 . @entity1254 levels negatively correlated with @entity310 and positively correlated with @entity1356 . @entity1356 positively correlated with @entity650 and negatively correlated with @entity310 and @entity4155 . CONCLUSION: Circulating @entity1243 , @entity13490 , @entity650 and @entity4155 levels positively correlate with @entity309 clinical activity in a manner independent of the subject's BMI. Complex relationships between inflammatory cytokines were observed in @entity309 @entity1 suggesting that other metabolic or inflammatory factors could be involved.

title: Peripheral blood @entity1243 and @entity13490 levels as clinical activity biomarkers in Mexican @entity309 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Purpose: This study investigated setup error and effectiveness of weekly image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) of TomoDirect for early @entity0 . Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty-one breasts of 147 consecutive @entity1 who underwent breast conserving surgery (BCS) followed by whole breast irradiation using TomoDirect in 2012 and 2013 were evaluated. All @entity1 received weekly IGRT. The weekly setup errors from simulation to each treatment in reference to chest wall and surgical clips were measured. Random, systemic, and three-dimensional setup errors were assessed. Extensive setup error was defined as 5 mm above the margin in any directions. Results: All mean errors were within 3 mm of all directions. The mean angle of gantry shifts was 0.6   . The mean value of absolute three-dimensional setup error was 4.67 mm. In multivariate analysis, breast size (OR=2.82, 95% of CI: 1.00-7.90) was a significant factor for extensive error. The largest significant deviation of setup error was observed in the first week of radiotherapy (p<0.001) and the deviations gradually decreased with time. The deviation of setup error was 5.68 mm in the first week and within 5 mm after the second week. Conclusion: In this study, there was a significant association between breast size and significant setup error in @entity0 @entity1 who received TomoDirect. The largest deviation occurred in the first week of treatment. Therefore, @entity1 with large breasts should be closely observed on every fraction and fastidious attention is required in the first fraction of IGRT.

title: Setup Error and Effectiveness of Weekly Image-Guided Radiation Therapy of TomoDirect for Early XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The genus Ligustrum (Oleaceae) is distributed in Europe and Asia (south China and Korea), where it is used to prevent @entity101 , sore throats, @entity32 and @entity6 . The main groups of compounds in extracts of Ligustrum vulgare are biologically active @entity68346 and @entity35839 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was primarily the development and validation of a HPTLC-photodensitometry method for separation and determination of @entity68346 ( @entity71538 , @entity19185 ) and @entity35839 ( @entity71539 ) in different extracts prepared from leaves of L. vulgare. A secondary issue was the quantitative screening of @entity71538 , @entity19185 and @entity71539 in extracts from leaves collected at different stages of plant growth (from May to September). METHODS: A HPTLC-photodensitometry method was developed and validated for quantification of @entity19185 , @entity71538 and @entity71539 in plant extracts (aqueous and ethanolic extract, decoction, infusion). @entity13918 was used as the stationary phase and @entity1044 : @entity1042 : @entity5189 :water (80:25:1.5:4, v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase. RESULTS: The HPTLC-photodensitometry method developed for quantification of @entity71538 , @entity19185 and @entity71539 was specific, accurate and precise. The presence of @entity71538 was detected in aqueous extracts, whereas @entity19185 was present, in particular, in ethanolic extracts, decoctions and infusions. @entity71539 was detected in all the extracts prepared. The content of @entity68346 was variable from May to September, whereas the amount of @entity71539 increased in this term. CONCLUSION: The developed and validated HPTLC-photodensitometry method allowed performing fast screening of quantitative profiles of @entity71538 , @entity19185 and @entity71539 in preparations of privet leaves. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Quantitative Determination of XXXX and @entity35839 in Different Extracts of Ligustrum Vulgare L. Leaves by a Validated HPTLC-Photodensitometry Method.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity13918 :: ('MESH:D058428', 'Chemical') :: ['Silica gel']

entities_list: @entity19185 :: ('MESH:C002769', 'Chemical') :: ['oleuropein']

entities_list: @entity71539 :: ('MESH:C060297', 'Chemical') :: ['Echinacoside', 'echinacoside']

entities_list: @entity35839 :: ('CHEBI:26004', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylpropanoids']

entities_list: @entity68346 :: ('MESH:D039823', 'Chemical') :: ['secoiridoids']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity68346 :: (MESH:D039823,Chemical) :: ['Secoiridoids']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The genus Ligustrum (Oleaceae) is distributed in Europe and Asia (south China and Korea), where it is used to prevent @entity101 , sore throats, @entity32 and @entity6 . The main groups of compounds in extracts of Ligustrum vulgare are biologically active @entity68346 and @entity35839 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was primarily the development and validation of a HPTLC-photodensitometry method for separation and determination of @entity68346 ( @entity71538 , @entity19185 ) and @entity35839 ( @entity71539 ) in different extracts prepared from leaves of L. vulgare. A secondary issue was the quantitative screening of @entity71538 , @entity19185 and @entity71539 in extracts from leaves collected at different stages of plant growth (from May to September). METHODS: A HPTLC-photodensitometry method was developed and validated for quantification of @entity19185 , @entity71538 and @entity71539 in plant extracts (aqueous and ethanolic extract, decoction, infusion). @entity13918 was used as the stationary phase and @entity1044 : @entity1042 : @entity5189 :water (80:25:1.5:4, v/v/v/v) as the mobile phase. RESULTS: The HPTLC-photodensitometry method developed for quantification of @entity71538 , @entity19185 and @entity71539 was specific, accurate and precise. The presence of @entity71538 was detected in aqueous extracts, whereas @entity19185 was present, in particular, in ethanolic extracts, decoctions and infusions. @entity71539 was detected in all the extracts prepared. The content of @entity68346 was variable from May to September, whereas the amount of @entity71539 increased in this term. CONCLUSION: The developed and validated HPTLC-photodensitometry method allowed performing fast screening of quantitative profiles of @entity71538 , @entity19185 and @entity71539 in preparations of privet leaves. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Quantitative Determination of @entity68346 and XXXX in Different Extracts of Ligustrum Vulgare L. Leaves by a Validated HPTLC-Photodensitometry Method.

answer: @entity35839 :: (CHEBI:26004,Chemical) :: ['Phenylpropanoids']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) is a validated and widely adopted instrument that measures @entity1 quality of life. This study aims to describe and compare @entity1 quality of life in the bowel, urinary, and @entity263 treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of English articles published prior to 2012 was conducted. Peer reviewed articles reporting longitudinal EPIC data in a statistically analyzable form with clearly defined time points were included. Articles were assessed by content experts to ensure optimal treatment quality. Screening of studies and extraction of data were completed using a predefined data abstraction tool. Data on bowel, urinary, and sexual domains were documented. Scores in each domain range from a low of 0 to a high of 100. RESULTS: Twenty-six articles, representing 8302 @entity1 , were included. All treatments were associated with short term or long term reductions in urinary, bowel, and sexual domains. Surgery @entity1 had better post-treatment bowel quality of life; however, average declines were small regardless of treatment. Post-treatment urinary incontinence scores were lower for surgery @entity1 ; while radiation @entity1 had worse urinary irritation. Average urinary bother and function were similar between treatment groups at 18 months post-treatment. Surgery @entity1 had better baseline sexual function. A greater decline in sexual function was observed in surgery @entity1 compared to radiation @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity263 treatments have different impacts on @entity1 quality of life and function. The magnitude of difference between treatment-related adverse effects may be important to @entity1 when choosing therapy.

title: A systematic review of expanded XXXX index composite (EPIC) quality of life after surgery or radiation treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['sexual domains across different prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To describe our technique for robot-assisted radical nephrectomy (RARN) with inferior vena cava (IVC) @entity5 thrombectomy and to present initial results for our first two @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two @entity1 with renal masses with infrahepatic IVC extension underwent RARN with IVC @entity5 thrombectomy using a four-arm configuration. Both cases were right-sided @entity5 . Vascular control was obtained with complete cross-clamping of the vena cava with robotic bulldog clamps. Intraoperative ultrasound was used to delineate extent of @entity5 extension. Specimens were removed en-bloc, and the IVC was closed with 2-layers of 4-0 @entity7502 . The specimen is extracted through a lower midline incision. RESULTS: Two robotic IVC thrombectomies were successfully completed. There were no conversions, @entity260 . Median operative time was 243 minutes with a median estimated @entity190 of 150 mL. Both @entity1 were able to ambulate independently free of intravenous opioids on postoperate day 1. Median length of stay was 4.5 (range 3-6) days. Final pathology revealed @entity37694 in both cases with negative surgical margins. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic technology may facilitate RN and IVC thrombectomy in the well selected @entity1 and appears to be a safe and feasible approach.

title: Robot-assisted radical nephrectomy with inferior vena cava XXXX thrombectomy: technique and initial outcomes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity37694 :: ('MESH:C538445', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell RCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ebola zoonotic RNA filovirus represents @entity1 most virulent and lethal pathogens, which induces @entity7593 and @entity204 within few days in a range of 60-90% of symptomatic individuals. Last outbreak in 2014 in West Africa caused panic that @entity2598 can be spread to other continents. Number of deaths in late December reached almost 8,000 individuals out of more than 20,000 symptomatic @entity1 . It seems that only a coordinated international response could counteract the further spread of Ebola. Major innate immunity mechanisms against Ebola are associated with the production of interferons, that are inhibited by viral proteins. Activation of host NK cells was recognized as a leading immune function responsible for recovery of infected @entity1 . Uncontrolled cell infection by Ebola leads to an impairment of immunity with cytokine storm, @entity1003 , @entity548 , @entity881 and @entity204 . Tested prevention strategies to induce antiviral immunity include: i. recombinant virus formulations (vaccines); ii. cocktail of monoclonal antibodies (serotherapy); iii. alternative RNA-interference-based antiviral methods. Maintaining the highest standards of aseptic and antiseptic precautions is equally important. Present brief review summarizes a current knowledge concerning pathogenesis of @entity548 and the virus interaction with the immune system and discusses recent advances in prevention of @entity2598 by vaccination and serotherapy.

title: XXXX virus: pathogenesis, immune responses, potential prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2598 :: ('MESH:D019142', 'Disease') :: ['Ebola infection', 'Ebola epidemic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Ebola hemorrhagic disease', 'systemic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['acute hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

answer: @entity2598 :: (MESH:D019142,Disease) :: ['Ebola haemorrhagic fever']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite positive testing in animal studies, more than 80% of novel drug candidates fail to proof their efficacy when tested in @entity1 . This is primarily due to the use of preclinical models that are not able to recapitulate the physiological or pathological processes in @entity1 . Hence, one of the key challenges in the field of translational medicine is to "make the model organism @entity19 more @entity1 ". To get answers to questions that would be prognostic of outcomes in @entity1 medicine, the @entity19 's genome can be altered in order to create a more permissive host that allows the engraftment of @entity1 cell systems. It has been shown in the past that these strategies can improve our understanding of @entity5 immunology. However, the translational benefits of these platforms have still to be proven. In the 21(st) century, several research groups and consortia around the world take up the challenge to improve our understanding of how to humanize the animal's genetic code, its cells and, based on tissue engineering principles, its extracellular microenvironment, its tissues or entire organs with the ultimate goal to foster the translation of new therapeutic strategies from bench to bedside. The present article provides an overview of the state of the art of humanized models of @entity5 immunology and highlights future developments in the field such as the application of tissue engineering _ regenerative medicine (TE_RM) strategies to further enhance humanized @entity19 model systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: "Humanized Models of XXXX Immunology in the 21(st) Century: Convergence of @entity5 Research and Tissue Engineering"

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumour']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite positive testing in animal studies, more than 80% of novel drug candidates fail to proof their efficacy when tested in @entity1 . This is primarily due to the use of preclinical models that are not able to recapitulate the physiological or pathological processes in @entity1 . Hence, one of the key challenges in the field of translational medicine is to "make the model organism @entity19 more @entity1 ". To get answers to questions that would be prognostic of outcomes in @entity1 medicine, the @entity19 's genome can be altered in order to create a more permissive host that allows the engraftment of @entity1 cell systems. It has been shown in the past that these strategies can improve our understanding of @entity5 immunology. However, the translational benefits of these platforms have still to be proven. In the 21(st) century, several research groups and consortia around the world take up the challenge to improve our understanding of how to humanize the animal's genetic code, its cells and, based on tissue engineering principles, its extracellular microenvironment, its tissues or entire organs with the ultimate goal to foster the translation of new therapeutic strategies from bench to bedside. The present article provides an overview of the state of the art of humanized models of @entity5 immunology and highlights future developments in the field such as the application of tissue engineering _ regenerative medicine (TE_RM) strategies to further enhance humanized @entity19 model systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: "Humanized Models of @entity5 Immunology in the 21(st) Century: Convergence of XXXX Research and Tissue Engineering"

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The gills, or ctenidia, of marine gastropods serve as the sites for respiratory gas exchange. Cilia on the surface provide the pump that moves water through the mantle cavity and enhance diffusion. Because the gills are housed inside the shell, it is difficult to view them while they are functioning. Published images of gills show contracted, @entity2100 that are distorted by the processes of dissection and preservation. Members of the families Fissurellidae (keyhole limpets) and Haliotidae (abalone) have openings in their shells through which water enters and/or exits. I inserted an endoscope connected to a video camera into the openings of the shells of living, non-anaesthetized individuals of the fissurellid @entity71540 and the haliotid Haliotis rufescens. In both species, the dorsal afferent branchial vessel of the afferent gill @entity2270 appeared large and inflated, as did the leaflets that extended from either side of the @entity2270 . In @entity71540 , the leaflets appeared to fill the mantle cavity and responded to touch, particles, and dye in the water by contracting quickly and slowly re-extending. In contrast, the gills of H. rufescens did not noticeably respond to disturbance. On the other hand, these gills showed a regular pattern of pleats that had not been described in the extensive anatomical literature of these common and economically significant animals. These results provide a novel view of the gastropod mantle cavity as a dynamic space filled by the gills, which divide the mantle cavity into distinct incurrent and excurrent chambers and produce a laminar flow of water through the cavity. J. Morphol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Endoscopy of gastropods: A novel view of the mantle cavities and gills of the keyhole limpet XXXX and the abalone Haliotis rufescens.

entities_list: @entity71540 :: ('54989', 'Species') :: ['Diodora aspera', 'D. aspera']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile structures']

answer: @entity71540 :: (54989,Species) :: ['Diodora aspera']


abstract: Percutaneous recordings from more than one hundred single C fibres have been performed in the radial nerve of conscious @entity1 subjects. All these fibres belong to the poly-modal C nociceptor group, being excited by mechanical and thermal and also by chemical stimulation. Conduction velocities showed a monophasic distribution with a mean value of 0.86 m/s (SD: 0.17). The mechanical threshold, measured with von Frey hairs, varied between 2.3 and 13.1 g. The receptive field was circular or elliptical; for 33 units the mean axes were 6 mm and 7 mm. Mechanically evoked C fibre discharge even up to more than 10 spikes/s was not necessarily accompanied by @entity158 sensation. Nettle sting evoked an irregular C fibre discharge (maximum 10 spikes/s) accompanied by a pricking and burning sensation; the sensation of itch which was sometimes reported, was not correlated with the discharge frequency. C fibre activation by a chemical irritant (paint remover) also evoked an irregular discharge (maximum 3 to 6 spikes/s), accompanied by pricking and burning @entity158 sensation. The C threshold for radiant heat usually lay below the subject's @entity158 threshold. Increasing skin temperature produced increasing neural firing rate. The mean spike frequency rarely exceeded two spikes/s even with stimuli evoking strong @entity158 . The occurrence of subjective @entity158 response could be as well predicted from th C fibre spike frequency as from the skin temperature. It is concluded that nociceptive C input provoked by thermal or chemical stimuli correlates well with @entity158 sensation. However, similar C input provided by mechanical stimulation which activates also @entity477 mechanoreceptors, did not necessarily produce @entity158 sensation.

title: C nociceptor activity in XXXX nerve during painful and non painful skin stimulation.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'heat pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the present study was to provide quantitative data of oral function in healthy subjects (HSs), validity of measurements and estimation of measurement bias, as well as quantify @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity2631 (SSc). 151 HSs and 12 subjects with SSc were recruited and assessed using instrumented tools, measuring @entity2133 opening; lip strength; and tongue strength, protrusion, retraction, and endurance. Twenty HSs were also retested 3-5  weeks later in order to assess the test-retest reliability of the measurements. Intraclass correlation coefficients proved to be satisfactory (>0.8) for both inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities of all measurements except for tongue retraction. In the HS group, @entity2133 opening and tongue and lips strength values were larger (P  <  0.05) for males than females, while no significant differences were found for other variables. Older subjects had statistically significantly lower tongue retraction values and tongue endurance values than younger subjects. The SSc group showed a statistically significant decrease (P  <  0.05) in almost all the measurements. Assessment procedures proved to be valid and reliable. Gender and height were predictors of mouth opening, lip and tongue strength, while age correlates with tongue retraction and endurance. Measurements highlighted the strong impact of SSc on oral functions and in particular on tongue protrusion, tongue strength, and endurance.

title: Instrumented Assessment of Oral Motor Function in Healthy Subjects and XXXX with Systemic Sclerosis.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['oral impairment']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['maximal mouth']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: @entity6656 is a well-known @entity281 in the southwestern United States, and its occurrence is becoming more frequent in endemic areas. This disease can have a significant economic and medical impact; therefore, accurate diagnosis is crucial. In conjunction with @entity1 symptoms, residence in or travel to an endemic area is essential for diagnosis. Diagnosis is usually made with serology, culture, or biopsy and confirmed with DNA probe technology. @entity358 is the most common presentation and is seen in almost 95% of all cases. One-half to two-thirds of all @entity281 are asymptomatic or subclinical. Most @entity358 are self-limited and do not require treatment except in special populations. When treatment is warranted, @entity2059 and @entity2380 are frequently used. Diffuse @entity55 is uncommon and is especially rare in immunocompetent @entity1 . Herein we describe a rare presentation of @entity6656 in a nonimmunocompromised @entity1 .

title: @entity6656 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['miliary pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Coccidioides infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections', 'Pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity6656 :: ('MESH:D003047', 'Disease') :: ['miliary coccidioidomycosis', 'Coccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['diffuse miliary pneumonia']


abstract: @entity6656 is a well-known @entity281 in the southwestern United States, and its occurrence is becoming more frequent in endemic areas. This disease can have a significant economic and medical impact; therefore, accurate diagnosis is crucial. In conjunction with @entity1 symptoms, residence in or travel to an endemic area is essential for diagnosis. Diagnosis is usually made with serology, culture, or biopsy and confirmed with DNA probe technology. @entity358 is the most common presentation and is seen in almost 95% of all cases. One-half to two-thirds of all @entity281 are asymptomatic or subclinical. Most @entity358 are self-limited and do not require treatment except in special populations. When treatment is warranted, @entity2059 and @entity2380 are frequently used. Diffuse @entity55 is uncommon and is especially rare in immunocompetent @entity1 . Herein we describe a rare presentation of @entity6656 in a nonimmunocompromised @entity1 .

title: XXXX with @entity55 .

answer: @entity6656 :: (MESH:D003047,Disease) :: ['Coccidioidomycosis']