abstract: @entity580 ( @entity580 ) are defined as @entity281 developing in relation to health services at inpatient treatment facilities in general. Although health services improve, @entity580 continue to be seen both in underdeveloped and developed countries. @entity580 result in a range of negative externalities. Negative externalities include factors such as an increase in morbidity and mortality, extension of the hospitalization duration, impaired quality of life, loss of working power and performance. @entity580 pose a big burden regarding population and community health care. This study aims to calculate the financial burden of @entity580 by evaluating it within the scope of negative externality. The communal costs of @entity580 @entity1 were calculated by using a genuine approach with reference to samples obtained from the Duzce University Research and Application Hospital. This approach includes 4 stages and the results of each stage is sorted according to the data of 2013 as follows: (i) @entity580 expenditure undertaken by the Social Security Institution is 5,832,167 TL, (ii) the monetary value of the work power loss of the @entity580 @entity1 who are at a working age is 126,154 TL, (iii) the relative cost of @entity580 @entity1 compared to a group of normal @entity1 is 21,507 TL and (iv) @entity580 @entity1 ' communal cost is 6,013,101 TL. Based on the received results, the annual communal cost of the estimated @entity580 @entity1 in @entity233 is predicted to be 3,640,442,057 TL. In addition to these findings, @entity580 @entity1 experience 14 times longer in- @entity1 stay at the hospitals as compared to normal @entity1 , and their treatment expenditures are 23 times higher than the normal @entity1 . In the conclusion part of the study, regarding the preventability (internalization) of @entity580 , which was evaluated as part of negative externality, alternative applicable political suggestions are presented for the use of policymakers.

title: An implementation on the social cost of hospital acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['HAIs', 'Hospital Acquired Infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: The aim of the study is to investigate the feasibility of pre-operative autologous blood donation (PABD) self-transfusion on the postpartum recovery and the endocrine in lying-in @entity1 . The PABD is carried out on 70 pregnant @entity1 who have high risk of postpartum @entity548 . Those 70 subjects were divided into three groups: 33 cases of PABD self-transfusion during the Cesarean section; 16 cases of PABD self-transfusion as a physiological means and 21 cases without transfusion. Serum levels of @entity53 (E2), @entity1420 (P), @entity4090 ( @entity4090 ) hormone are evaluated 48 hours before and after labor; Postpartum colostrum timing, milk yield, short term and long term uterine contraction are observed among the cases. No significance were observed among the three groups on E2, P, @entity4090 hormone 48 hours before and after labor. The @entity4090 concentration in PABD self-transfusion group is higher than that in the group without self-transfusion 48 hours after labor. Using different PABD self-transfusion strategies, significant difference of the initial milk yield time were observed in the three groups (F=6.035 P=0.004), but the milk yield is no significant different on second day and third day. The self-transfusion of PABD has little influence on uterine contraction. For the @entity1 who underwent Cesarean Section, the PABD self-transfusion is conducive to the increase of @entity4090 level. The PABD self-transfusion advances the commencement time of milk yield, while with little effect on neither milk yield volume nor uterine contraction.

title: The effect of pre-operative autologous blood donation self-transfusion on hormone and postpartum convalescence in Lying-in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Chronic infusion of @entity4770 (PGI2) via a Broviac central venous line (CVL) is attended by risk of CVL-related complications, but we know of only one report regarding CVL-associated @entity281 ( @entity281 ) with PGI2 in @entity1 and none regarding other complications. We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving pediatric @entity1 with @entity120 treated with chronic intravenous infusion of PGI2 at Boston @entity1 's Hospital and determined the rate (per 1,000 line-days) of various CVL-related complications. We also determined how often complications necessitated line replacement and hospitalization, time to replacement of CVLs, and interpatient variability in the incidence of complications. From 1999 until 2014, 26 @entity1 meeting follow-up criteria had PGI2 infusion, representing 43,855 line-days; mean follow-up was 56 months (range, 1.4-161 months). The CVL complication rates (per 1,000 line-days) were as follows: CVL- @entity281 , 0.25; superficial line infection, 0.48; impaired integrity, 0.59; occlusion, 0.09; and malposition, 0.32. The total complication rate was 1.73 cases per 1,000 line-days. All CVL- @entity281 and malposition cases were treated with CVL removal and replacement. Of CVLs with impaired integrity, 23 could be repaired and 3 required replacement. Six of 21 superficial @entity1211 required replacement of the CVL. Three of 4 occluded CVLs were replaced. CVL complications occasioned 65 hospitalizations. There was marked interpatient variability in the rate of complications, much but not all of which appeared to be related to duration of CVL placement. We conclude that non- @entity281 complications are very significant and that efforts to teach and emphasize other aspects of line care are therefore very important.

title: Central venous line complications with chronic ambulatory infusion of @entity4770 analogues in pediatric @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection', 'BSI']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['CVL infections']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']


abstract: Chronic infusion of @entity4770 (PGI2) via a Broviac central venous line (CVL) is attended by risk of CVL-related complications, but we know of only one report regarding CVL-associated @entity281 ( @entity281 ) with PGI2 in @entity1 and none regarding other complications. We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving pediatric @entity1 with @entity120 treated with chronic intravenous infusion of PGI2 at Boston @entity1 's Hospital and determined the rate (per 1,000 line-days) of various CVL-related complications. We also determined how often complications necessitated line replacement and hospitalization, time to replacement of CVLs, and interpatient variability in the incidence of complications. From 1999 until 2014, 26 @entity1 meeting follow-up criteria had PGI2 infusion, representing 43,855 line-days; mean follow-up was 56 months (range, 1.4-161 months). The CVL complication rates (per 1,000 line-days) were as follows: CVL- @entity281 , 0.25; superficial line infection, 0.48; impaired integrity, 0.59; occlusion, 0.09; and malposition, 0.32. The total complication rate was 1.73 cases per 1,000 line-days. All CVL- @entity281 and malposition cases were treated with CVL removal and replacement. Of CVLs with impaired integrity, 23 could be repaired and 3 required replacement. Six of 21 superficial @entity1211 required replacement of the CVL. Three of 4 occluded CVLs were replaced. CVL complications occasioned 65 hospitalizations. There was marked interpatient variability in the rate of complications, much but not all of which appeared to be related to duration of CVL placement. We conclude that non- @entity281 complications are very significant and that efforts to teach and emphasize other aspects of line care are therefore very important.

title: Central venous line complications with chronic ambulatory infusion of XXXX analogues in pediatric @entity1 with @entity120 .

answer: @entity4770 :: (MESH:D011464,Chemical) :: ['prostacyclin']


abstract: Chronic infusion of @entity4770 (PGI2) via a Broviac central venous line (CVL) is attended by risk of CVL-related complications, but we know of only one report regarding CVL-associated @entity281 ( @entity281 ) with PGI2 in @entity1 and none regarding other complications. We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving pediatric @entity1 with @entity120 treated with chronic intravenous infusion of PGI2 at Boston @entity1 's Hospital and determined the rate (per 1,000 line-days) of various CVL-related complications. We also determined how often complications necessitated line replacement and hospitalization, time to replacement of CVLs, and interpatient variability in the incidence of complications. From 1999 until 2014, 26 @entity1 meeting follow-up criteria had PGI2 infusion, representing 43,855 line-days; mean follow-up was 56 months (range, 1.4-161 months). The CVL complication rates (per 1,000 line-days) were as follows: CVL- @entity281 , 0.25; superficial line infection, 0.48; impaired integrity, 0.59; occlusion, 0.09; and malposition, 0.32. The total complication rate was 1.73 cases per 1,000 line-days. All CVL- @entity281 and malposition cases were treated with CVL removal and replacement. Of CVLs with impaired integrity, 23 could be repaired and 3 required replacement. Six of 21 superficial @entity1211 required replacement of the CVL. Three of 4 occluded CVLs were replaced. CVL complications occasioned 65 hospitalizations. There was marked interpatient variability in the rate of complications, much but not all of which appeared to be related to duration of CVL placement. We conclude that non- @entity281 complications are very significant and that efforts to teach and emphasize other aspects of line care are therefore very important.

title: Central venous line complications with chronic ambulatory infusion of @entity4770 analogues in pediatric XXXX with @entity120 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The challenge hypothesis has been enormously successful in predicting interspecific @entity342 profiles for vertebrate males. Nevertheless, in the absence of another theoretical framework, many researchers 'retrofit' the challenge hypothesis, so that its predictions also apply to intraspecific @entity342 comparisons. We use a wild primate, geladas (Theropithecus gelada), to illustrate several considerations for @entity342 research surrounding male contests that do not necessarily fit within the challenge hypothesis framework. Gelada society comprises harem-holding males (that can mate with females) and bachelor males (that cannot mate with females until they take over a harem). Using 6 years of data from known males, we measured @entity3800 (i.e. faecal @entity251 (fT) metabolites) both seasonally and across specific male contests. Seasonal @entity342 variation exhibited a very different pattern than variation resulting from male contests. Although harem-holding males had higher @entity251 levels than bachelors across the year, bachelors had higher @entity251 during the annual 'takeover season'. Thus, harem-holding males did not 'rise to the challenge' exactly when needed most. Yet, @entity342 profiles across male contests indicated that both sets of males exhibit the expected fT rise in response to challenges. Results from male geladas also support the idea that the context before (e.g. male condition) and after (e.g. contest outcome) a contest are critical variables for predicting hormones and behaviour.

title: Harem-holding males do not rise to the challenge: XXXX respond to social but not to seasonal challenges in wild geladas.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity3800 :: (MESH:D000728,Chemical) :: ['androgens']


abstract: Objective. To study the reproductive outcomes of @entity3517 ( @entity3517 ), a surgical technique designed to increase the working surface area of the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube. We postulated that an improvement in fimbrial function through @entity3517 will improve reproductive outcomes. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. Academic tertiary-care medical center. @entity1 . @entity1 with minimal @entity46 or @entity249 , who underwent @entity3517 during diagnostic laparoscopy (n = 50) or diagnostic laparoscopy alone (n = 87). Intervention. @entity3517 involved gentle, circumferential dilatation of the fimbria and lysis of fimbrial adhesions bridging the fimbrial folds. Main Outcome Measures. The primary outcome was pregnancy rate and the secondary outcome was time to pregnancy. Results. The pregnancy rate for the @entity3517 group was 40.0%, compared to 28.7% for the control group. The average time to pregnancy for the @entity3517 group was 13 weeks, compared to 18 weeks for the control group. The pregnancy rate in the @entity3517 group was significantly higher for @entity1  <=35   ys (51.5% versus 28.8%), but not for those >35   ys (17.6% versus 28.6%). Conclusion. @entity3517 was associated with a significant increase in pregnancy rate for @entity1  <=35   ys.

title: Clinical Effectiveness of Modified Laparoscopic Fimbrioplasty for the Treatment of Minimal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3517 :: ('MESH:C564098', 'Disease') :: ['MLF', 'modified laparoscopic fimbrioplasty']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['unexplained infertility']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['Endometriosis and Unexplained Infertility']


abstract: Background. The cerebellum as initial site of distant @entity3 from differentiated @entity259 (DTC) including papillary (PTC) and @entity259 ( @entity259 ) is rare manifestation. Case Presentations. Herein, we present three cases of cerebellar @entity3 (CBM) of PTC. Mean age of @entity1 was 67 years (range: 64-72), and mean duration between initial diagnosis and CBM was 49.6 months (range: 37-61). Frequent location was left cerebellar hemisphere and was associated with @entity1276 . All @entity1 underwent suboccipital craniectomy, and in two @entity1 postoperative intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) was given to deliver 5000   cGy in 25 fractions to residual lesions. @entity1 without postoperative IMRT had cerebellar recurrence along with lung and bone @entity3 after 38 months. However, two @entity1 were found alive and free of disease at the time of last follow-up. Conclusion. CBM from PTC is a rare clinical entity and is often associated with @entity1276 . Histopathological diagnosis is important to initiate effective treatment, which relies on multidisciplinary approach to prolong the disease-free and overall survival rates.

title: Cerebellum as Initial Site of Distant XXXX from Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid: Review of Three Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['FTC', 'thyroid carcinoma', 'follicular thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Falls and related @entity130 are common health problems in the elderly. @entity174 , brain and internal organ @entity130 and @entity204 are the common consequences of the falls, which result in @entity734 , decreased self-efficacy, fear of falling, @entity308 , restricted daily activities, hospitalization and admission to the nursing home and impose costs on the individual and the society. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the types of fall-related @entity130 and the related risk factors in the elderly population of Qom province, Iran. @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective study was performed on 424 elderly @entity1 (65 years and over) referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom, Iran, due to falls between 2010 and 2012. The ICD-10 codes of external causes of injury from w00 to w19 related to falls were selected from the health information system of the hospital and demographic variables of the @entity1 and external causes of falls were extracted after accessing the files of the @entity1 . Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 (SPSS Inc., USA). The duration of hospital stay and its relationship with underlying variables were investigated using t test and ANOVA. The level of significance was considered P < 0.05. RESULTS: Among 424 elderly @entity1 , 180 cases (42.45%) were male and the mean age of the @entity1 was 78.65    7.70 years. Fall on the same level from slipping, tripping, and stumbling was the most common external cause with 291 victims (68.60%), and @entity173 in 121 @entity1 (29.00%), intertrochanteric fracture in 112 @entity1 (26.90%), and @entity131 in 51 @entity1 (12.20%) were the most common causes of hospital stay. The mean hospital stay was 7.33    3.63 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity174 and @entity131 were the most common causes of hospitalization, which resulted in the longest hospital stay and highest hospitalization costs in the elderly.

title: XXXX in Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Qom Province, Iran, 2010-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fractures', 'Lower limb fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Fall-Related Injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although the expression of T-cell antigens and proteins associated with @entity5 -infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs), regulatory T cells (T-regs), and B-cell development have been evaluated in classical @entity978 (cHL), few studies correlate these proteins' expression patterns with clinical outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate proteins expressed in the Reed-Sternberg cells (RSCs) and TILs of cHLs at initial diagnosis to determine their prognostic significance. The expression of 12 proteins in RSCs and TILs from 88 diagnostic cHL biopsies was quantitated and correlated to @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , @entity5893 , @entity4587 , @entity2902 , @entity8395 , @entity13433 , @entity14546 , and @entity6755 expression in RSCs did not correlate with @entity1349 or PFS, nor did programmed death 1 ( @entity8395 ) expression in TILs. High numbers of @entity13433 -positive TILs (>= 50%) correlated with @entity1349 (P=0.027), but not PFS (P=0.993) in univariate analysis. Expression of @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , @entity5893 , and/or @entity13433 (6%) in RSCs was associated with lymphocyte-rich/mixed-cellularity subtype (P=0.032). High @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ; P=0.036), and high stage (P=0.046) were independent predictors of worse PFS in univariate analysis. Low @entity3538 (P=0.003) and nodular sclerosing subtype (P=0.022) were associated with better @entity1349 in univariate analysis. Only the @entity3538 predicted @entity1349 in multivariate (P=0.009) analysis. High @entity13433 + TILs correlated with worse clinical outcomes for cHLs, as did @entity5953 -RSCs (P=0.024), although only 2/74 cases were shown to be negative for this marker, suggesting that the @entity5 microenvironment and a transcription factor crucial for B-cell development are critical biological determinants of the disease course.

title: Expression of @entity13433 and @entity5953 in XXXX at Initial Diagnosis May Predict Clinical Outcome.

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['IPS', 'International Prognostic Score']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although the expression of T-cell antigens and proteins associated with @entity5 -infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs), regulatory T cells (T-regs), and B-cell development have been evaluated in classical @entity978 (cHL), few studies correlate these proteins' expression patterns with clinical outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate proteins expressed in the Reed-Sternberg cells (RSCs) and TILs of cHLs at initial diagnosis to determine their prognostic significance. The expression of 12 proteins in RSCs and TILs from 88 diagnostic cHL biopsies was quantitated and correlated to @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , @entity5893 , @entity4587 , @entity2902 , @entity8395 , @entity13433 , @entity14546 , and @entity6755 expression in RSCs did not correlate with @entity1349 or PFS, nor did programmed death 1 ( @entity8395 ) expression in TILs. High numbers of @entity13433 -positive TILs (>= 50%) correlated with @entity1349 (P=0.027), but not PFS (P=0.993) in univariate analysis. Expression of @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , @entity5893 , and/or @entity13433 (6%) in RSCs was associated with lymphocyte-rich/mixed-cellularity subtype (P=0.032). High @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ; P=0.036), and high stage (P=0.046) were independent predictors of worse PFS in univariate analysis. Low @entity3538 (P=0.003) and nodular sclerosing subtype (P=0.022) were associated with better @entity1349 in univariate analysis. Only the @entity3538 predicted @entity1349 in multivariate (P=0.009) analysis. High @entity13433 + TILs correlated with worse clinical outcomes for cHLs, as did @entity5953 -RSCs (P=0.024), although only 2/74 cases were shown to be negative for this marker, suggesting that the @entity5 microenvironment and a transcription factor crucial for B-cell development are critical biological determinants of the disease course.

title: Expression of XXXX and @entity5953 in @entity978 at Initial Diagnosis May Predict Clinical Outcome.

answer: @entity13433 :: (7072,Gene) :: ['TIA1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although the expression of T-cell antigens and proteins associated with @entity5 -infiltrating T-lymphocytes (TILs), regulatory T cells (T-regs), and B-cell development have been evaluated in classical @entity978 (cHL), few studies correlate these proteins' expression patterns with clinical outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate proteins expressed in the Reed-Sternberg cells (RSCs) and TILs of cHLs at initial diagnosis to determine their prognostic significance. The expression of 12 proteins in RSCs and TILs from 88 diagnostic cHL biopsies was quantitated and correlated to @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , @entity5893 , @entity4587 , @entity2902 , @entity8395 , @entity13433 , @entity14546 , and @entity6755 expression in RSCs did not correlate with @entity1349 or PFS, nor did programmed death 1 ( @entity8395 ) expression in TILs. High numbers of @entity13433 -positive TILs (>= 50%) correlated with @entity1349 (P=0.027), but not PFS (P=0.993) in univariate analysis. Expression of @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , @entity5893 , and/or @entity13433 (6%) in RSCs was associated with lymphocyte-rich/mixed-cellularity subtype (P=0.032). High @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ; P=0.036), and high stage (P=0.046) were independent predictors of worse PFS in univariate analysis. Low @entity3538 (P=0.003) and nodular sclerosing subtype (P=0.022) were associated with better @entity1349 in univariate analysis. Only the @entity3538 predicted @entity1349 in multivariate (P=0.009) analysis. High @entity13433 + TILs correlated with worse clinical outcomes for cHLs, as did @entity5953 -RSCs (P=0.024), although only 2/74 cases were shown to be negative for this marker, suggesting that the @entity5 microenvironment and a transcription factor crucial for B-cell development are critical biological determinants of the disease course.

title: Expression of @entity13433 and XXXX in @entity978 at Initial Diagnosis May Predict Clinical Outcome.

answer: @entity5953 :: (5079,Gene) :: ['PAX5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: When comparing performance across hospitals it is essential to consider the noise caused by low hospital case volume and to perform adequate case-mix adjustment. We aimed to quantify the role of noise and case-mix adjustment on standardized postoperative mortality and @entity834 ( @entity834 ) rates. METHODS: We studied 13  120 @entity1 who underwent @entity694 resection in 85 Dutch hospitals. We addressed differences between hospitals in postoperative mortality and @entity834 , using fixed (ignoring noise) and random effects (incorporating noise) logistic regression models with general and additional, disease specific, case-mix adjustment. RESULTS: Adding disease specific variables improved the performance of the case-mix adjustment models for postoperative mortality (c-statistic increased from 0.77 to 0.81). The overall variation in standardized mortality ratios was similar, but some individual hospitals changed considerably. For the standardized @entity834 rates the performance of the adjustment models was poor (c-statistic 0.59 and 0.60) and overall variation was small. Most of the observed variation between hospitals was actually noise. CONCLUSION: Noise had a larger effect on hospital performance than extended case-mix adjustment, although some individual hospital outcome rates were affected by more detailed case-mix adjustment. To compare outcomes between hospitals it is crucial to consider noise due to low hospital case volume with a random effects model.

title: Comparing XXXX outcomes: The impact of low hospital case volume and case-mix adjustment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage', 'AL']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the root form and canal configuration in maxillary first premolars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 250 extracted @entity1 adult maxillary first @entity2651 from North Indian population were collected. Access cavities were prepared and the coronal pulp tissue was extirpated. The samples were stored in 5% @entity32428 solution for 5 days. They were then rinsed, dried, and dehydrated using increasing concentrations of @entity1068 (70, 80, and 95%) successively for 1 day. Teeth were rendered transparent by immersing in @entity27178 . India ink was then injected. The root canal morphology was examined under stereomicroscope. RESULT: 53.6% were single rooted followed by fused root form followed by two root form. 0.4% had three rooted maxillary first premolar. Variable root canal configurations were also found. @entity196 was most prevalent (33.2%). Two teeth showed an additional configuration. Lateral canals were present in 34.8% of the samples and intercanal communications in 16%. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that in North Indian population, there was an increased propensity for types IV, I, II, and III canal morphologies in maxillary first premolars. Single root form was most common.

title: Root and canal morphology of maxillary first XXXX in north Indian population using clearing technique: An in vitro study.

entities_list: @entity2651 :: ('MESH:D000848', 'Disease') :: ['premolar teeth']

entities_list: @entity32428 :: ('MESH:D017942', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric acid']

entities_list: @entity27178 :: ('MESH:C033069', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl salicylate']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['Type IV configuration']

answer: @entity2651 :: (MESH:D000848,Disease) :: ['premolar teeth']


abstract: In a multicenter study we have evaluated the effect of immunotherapy with pooled buffy coats on @entity1 with @entity7992 . 21 @entity1 were selected under the same criteria with respect to clinical, immunological and blood banking conditions. All @entity1 have had at least two miscarriages with the same partner and no living @entity1 (except one case). Additionally, all well-known reasons for abortions were excluded. The couples were tested for @entity17374 antigens as well as for the presence of HLA-antibodies. The couples with recurrent @entity2208 suggested a significantly higher compatibility in two or more antigens in comparison to the control couples with @entity1 and without any abortion. Before treatment there was no case with cytotoxic HLA antibodies. 10 @entity1 received each two pooled buffy coats intravenously before pregnancy at time intervals of 3 weeks. 15 @entity1 were treated in early pregnancy until the 28th week of gestation at the same application intervals. In the meantime 10 of 15 @entity1 have delivered at term a healthy and mature @entity1 with normal weight. Four of 15 are still pregnant in the third trimester of pregnancy. In one case the pregnancy resulted in an abortion. The buffy coat transfusions were well tolerated and led in no case to the formation of antierythrocytic antibodies. 12 of 21 @entity1 treated developed HLA antibodies at various time intervals during immunotherapy, mainly with a low titre. In 7 of 10 cases the antibodies occurred in the treatment period before pregnancy, in 5 of 15 cases during pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinical and immunologic results of immunotherapy with pooled buffy coat transfusions in females with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions']

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['habitual abortions']

answer: @entity7992 :: (MESH:D000026,Disease) :: ['habitual abortion']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of slow-release @entity619 intravitreal implant (DEX implant) in @entity1 with refractory @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) secondary to @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ) in Taiwan. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1103 secondary to @entity2994 who received the DEX implant at Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital from October 2010 to February 2014. RESULTS: A total of 28 @entity1 with an average age of 60.7  11.1 years were examined. Of these @entity1 , 17 were diagnosed with branch @entity2994 (BRVO) and 11 were diagnosed with central @entity2994 (CRVO). The mean maximal change in vision from the baseline after the final injection was an improvement of 1.7  2.8 lines (equivalent to 8.5 ETDRS letters; p<0.0001). The response to the first injection was similar across both BRVO and CRVO groups, but @entity1 with BRVO showed a more favorable response than those with CRVO after the second injection. The response in @entity1 who had refractory @entity1103 after at least 3 previous interventions was similar to the whole group. Three @entity1 (10.7%) had @entity2790 (IOP) that was well controlled by IOP-lowering medications. None of these @entity1 required laser or @entity726 surgery. Five @entity1 (17.9%) exhibited @entity231 progression during the observation period. CONCLUSION: The DEX implant is an effective and safe treatment for @entity1103 , secondary to @entity2994 , including refractory @entity1103 .

title: Efficacy and Safety of XXXX Intravitreal Implant for Treatment of Refractory Macular Edema Secondary to @entity2994 in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion', 'RVO']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['ME', 'macular edema']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of slow-release @entity619 intravitreal implant (DEX implant) in @entity1 with refractory @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) secondary to @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ) in Taiwan. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1103 secondary to @entity2994 who received the DEX implant at Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital from October 2010 to February 2014. RESULTS: A total of 28 @entity1 with an average age of 60.7  11.1 years were examined. Of these @entity1 , 17 were diagnosed with branch @entity2994 (BRVO) and 11 were diagnosed with central @entity2994 (CRVO). The mean maximal change in vision from the baseline after the final injection was an improvement of 1.7  2.8 lines (equivalent to 8.5 ETDRS letters; p<0.0001). The response to the first injection was similar across both BRVO and CRVO groups, but @entity1 with BRVO showed a more favorable response than those with CRVO after the second injection. The response in @entity1 who had refractory @entity1103 after at least 3 previous interventions was similar to the whole group. Three @entity1 (10.7%) had @entity2790 (IOP) that was well controlled by IOP-lowering medications. None of these @entity1 required laser or @entity726 surgery. Five @entity1 (17.9%) exhibited @entity231 progression during the observation period. CONCLUSION: The DEX implant is an effective and safe treatment for @entity1103 , secondary to @entity2994 , including refractory @entity1103 .

title: Efficacy and Safety of @entity619 Intravitreal Implant for Treatment of Refractory Macular Edema Secondary to XXXX in Taiwan.

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['Retinal Vein Occlusion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: One of the most commonly experienced postoperative complications of the @entity365 ( @entity365 ) is @entity409 ( @entity409 ). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate our incidence of @entity86 , our results after tape mobilisation, and whether demographic data could predict @entity409 . METHODS: A total of 715 @entity1 underwent a @entity365 procedure without concomitant operative procedures. In the case of persisting @entity409 transvaginal tape mobilisation was performed up to 3  weeks postoperatively. The vaginal incision was reopened and downward extraction with a clamp was performed. Demographic data were investigated to predict @entity86 . RESULTS: A total of 28 @entity1 (3.9  %) experienced @entity409 . Seventeen @entity1 (2.4  %) underwent transvaginal tape mobilisation an average of 11.6  days (range 2-21) after the primary @entity365 procedure. No complications were observed in connection with the mobilisation. Eleven @entity1 (1.5  %) performed clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC) for a period of more than 1  day, with an average of 14.4  days (range 3-63). After tape mobilisation 16 @entity1 (94  %) were relieved of their @entity409 and were continent. One @entity1 was somewhat incontinent after the procedure. Age, parity and previous caesarean section did not predict @entity409 . Previous @entity322 surgery might predict @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity409 after the @entity365 procedure requiring tape mobilisation was 2.4  %. Relief of the @entity409 was obtained after tape mobilisation in all @entity1 . Tape mobilisation is a safe and effective treatment for @entity86 .

title: Incidence and treatment of @entity86 after the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative VD']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['tension-free vaginal tape procedure', 'TVT']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['tension-free vaginal tape procedure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: One of the most commonly experienced postoperative complications of the @entity365 ( @entity365 ) is @entity409 ( @entity409 ). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate our incidence of @entity86 , our results after tape mobilisation, and whether demographic data could predict @entity409 . METHODS: A total of 715 @entity1 underwent a @entity365 procedure without concomitant operative procedures. In the case of persisting @entity409 transvaginal tape mobilisation was performed up to 3  weeks postoperatively. The vaginal incision was reopened and downward extraction with a clamp was performed. Demographic data were investigated to predict @entity86 . RESULTS: A total of 28 @entity1 (3.9  %) experienced @entity409 . Seventeen @entity1 (2.4  %) underwent transvaginal tape mobilisation an average of 11.6  days (range 2-21) after the primary @entity365 procedure. No complications were observed in connection with the mobilisation. Eleven @entity1 (1.5  %) performed clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC) for a period of more than 1  day, with an average of 14.4  days (range 3-63). After tape mobilisation 16 @entity1 (94  %) were relieved of their @entity409 and were continent. One @entity1 was somewhat incontinent after the procedure. Age, parity and previous caesarean section did not predict @entity409 . Previous @entity322 surgery might predict @entity409 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity409 after the @entity365 procedure requiring tape mobilisation was 2.4  %. Relief of the @entity409 was obtained after tape mobilisation in all @entity1 . Tape mobilisation is a safe and effective treatment for @entity86 .

title: Incidence and treatment of XXXX after the @entity365 .

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative voiding dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Few studies have addressed surgical failures and complications following percutaneous @entity2649 (PELD), and no previous study has investigated the risk factors that lead to surgical failure. The authors report their experience using PELD for single-level lumbar disc herniation (LDH) to provide insights into the rates of surgical failure and identify potential risk factors that lead to this complication. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 350 @entity1 who underwent PELD for single-level LDH and identified 36 @entity1 (10.3%) who underwent reoperation due to the failure of PELD. RESULTS @entity1 ' mean visual analog scale of @entity158 scores and Oswestry Disability Index scores improved significantly from 6.6    2.1 and 51.6    19.4 preoperatively to 1.9    1.4 and 28.3    12.0, respectively, at 1 month postoperatively and 1.2    1.1 and 9.3    7.8, respectively, at 1 year postoperatively. The frequencies with which @entity1 took analgesic medications significantly decreased from 74.6% preoperatively to 19.7% at 1 month postoperatively and 10.0% at 1 year postoperatively. Relatively older @entity1 (p = 0.005) and those >=  60 years old (p = 0.001) experienced larger numbers of failures compared to younger @entity1 . An analysis of potentially contributing comorbid conditions indicated that significantly more @entity1 with @entity6 were present in the PELD failure group (p = 0.017). As surgeons gained familiarity with the procedure, outcomes improved. The failure rate during the authors' early use of the PELD technique (Cases 1-70) was 17.1%; the failure rate then fell to 5.7% (p = 0.034) (Cases 141-210) before finally stabilizing at 10.0% (Cases 211-280 and Cases 281-350). CONCLUSIONS The surgical failure rate following PELD for LDH was 10.3%. Older @entity1 , elderly @entity1 (age >=  60 years), and @entity1 with @entity6 were at increased risk of surgical failure of PELD, particularly in the early years of the procedure's use.

title: Risk factors for failure of single-level percutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic lumbar discectomy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['endoscopic lumbar discectomy']


abstract: Bronchial responsiveness to inhaled @entity2710 was measured four to six days before fibreoptic bronchoscopy in 22 @entity748 @entity1 (10 smokers) and 20 control subjects (12 smokers). The @entity748 @entity1 had a baseline FEV1 greater than 60% predicted and a PD20FEV1 (provocative dose of @entity2710 causing a 20% fall in FEV1) of 0.006-3.7 mg. The 20 control subjects had normal pulmonary function and a PD20FEV1 above the maximum cumulative dose of @entity2710 of 6.4 mg. Bronchoalveolar lavage of a middle lobe segment (lingula in four subjects) was performed with three sequential 60 ml aliquots of sterile saline. Cellular metabolic activity was stimulated with latex in aliquots of resuspended cells, and measured by means of @entity6931 enhanced chemiluminescence to assess neutrophil activity and @entity12487 enhanced chemiluminescence to assess macrophage activity. Mean absolute total cell counts were similar in the @entity748 and control groups but there were differences in differential cell counts, with a significant increase in eosinophil (p less than 0.05) and lymphocyte (p less than 0.005) counts in @entity565 . PD20FEV1 was negatively correlated with percentage neutrophil counts (p less than 0.005). Luminol enhanced chemiluminescence/1000 neutrophils was increased about twofold in @entity748 subjects (p less than 0.001), but was not correlated with PD20FEV1 Lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence/1000 macrophages was increased nearly fourfold in @entity748 @entity1 (p less than 0.001) and showed a negative correlation with PD20FEV1 (p less than 0.01). The macrophage count was increased twofold in current smokers in both groups, but other cell numbers were not altered significantly. Smoking did not affect cellular metabolic activity in either group. This study supports the idea that an inflammatory process is present in the airways of those with @entity565 , and suggests a relation between bronchial responsiveness and both neutrophil numbers and macrophage activity.

title: Number and activity of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in XXXX and their relation to airway responsiveness.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity12487 :: ('MESH:C033472', 'Chemical') :: ['lucigenin']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Pulse deficit in @entity1 with @entity955 is caused by the reduction of preload. The purpose of this study was to visualize the mechanism in view of blood flow dynamics using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The subjects were 15 cases with @entity955 and @entity51 , and the results were as follows: 1. Simultaneous recordings of the @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) and blood flow at the left ventricular inflow tract indicated that, in nine of the total 15 cases, @entity3538 disappeared from the cardiac cycle even with sufficient preceding RF in the other six cases (Group B). 2. In Group A, %RF correlated well with % @entity3538 ; however, there was poor correlation between them in Group B. Moreover, @entity3538 was always greater than 26% if RF was greater than 50% of each mean value in Group A, but less than 25% in Group B, suggesting poor left ventricular ejection in the latter group. 3. The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and %fractional shortening (%FS) decreased significantly in Group B compared to those in Group A (EF; 59 +- 7 vs 41 +- 12%, p less than 0.01, %FS; 31 +- 5 vs 20 +- 6, p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that left ventricular contractility was significantly reduced in the cases with @entity51 in Group B. 4. Systolic backward flow in the mid-ventricle caused by left ventricular asynchrony due to localized apical wall motion abnormalities was observed in all 15 cases. The heart rate during pulsed Doppler echocardiography was significantly increased in Group A as compared to that in Group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Mechanism of production of @entity51 in XXXX : assessment by blood flow dynamics].

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['pulse deficit']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['carotid pulse wave', 'CPW']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Pulse deficit in @entity1 with @entity955 is caused by the reduction of preload. The purpose of this study was to visualize the mechanism in view of blood flow dynamics using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The subjects were 15 cases with @entity955 and @entity51 , and the results were as follows: 1. Simultaneous recordings of the @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) and blood flow at the left ventricular inflow tract indicated that, in nine of the total 15 cases, @entity3538 disappeared from the cardiac cycle even with sufficient preceding RF in the other six cases (Group B). 2. In Group A, %RF correlated well with % @entity3538 ; however, there was poor correlation between them in Group B. Moreover, @entity3538 was always greater than 26% if RF was greater than 50% of each mean value in Group A, but less than 25% in Group B, suggesting poor left ventricular ejection in the latter group. 3. The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and %fractional shortening (%FS) decreased significantly in Group B compared to those in Group A (EF; 59 +- 7 vs 41 +- 12%, p less than 0.01, %FS; 31 +- 5 vs 20 +- 6, p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that left ventricular contractility was significantly reduced in the cases with @entity51 in Group B. 4. Systolic backward flow in the mid-ventricle caused by left ventricular asynchrony due to localized apical wall motion abnormalities was observed in all 15 cases. The heart rate during pulsed Doppler echocardiography was significantly increased in Group A as compared to that in Group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Mechanism of production of XXXX in @entity955 : assessment by blood flow dynamics].

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['pulse deficit']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this guideline is to provide a clinical framework for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity545 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of the literature using the PubMed  , EMBASE   and Cochrane databases (search dates 1/1/1965 to 1/26/15) was conducted to identify peer-reviewed publications relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1726 . The review yielded an evidence base of 303 articles after application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. RESULTS: The systematic review was used to create guideline statements regarding treatment of @entity1726 . When sufficient evidence existed, the body of evidence for a particular treatment was assigned a strength rating of A (high quality evidence; high certainty), B (moderate quality evidence; moderate certainty), or C (low quality evidence; low certainty). Evidence-based statements of Strong, Moderate, or Conditional Recommendation were developed based on benefits and risks/burdens to @entity1 . Additional consensus statements related to the diagnosis of @entity1726 are provided as Clinical Principles and Expert Opinions due to insufficient published evidence. CONCLUSIONS: There is a continually expanding literature on @entity1726 ; the Panel notes that this document constitutes a clinical strategy and is not intended to be interpreted rigidly. The most effective approach for a particular @entity1 is best determined by the individual clinician and @entity1 in the context of that @entity1 's history, values, and goals for treatment. As the science relevant to @entity1726 evolves and improves, the strategies presented here will be amended to remain consistent with the highest standards of clinical care.

title: XXXX : AUA Guideline.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie's Disease']


abstract: In @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) clinical staging systems provide useful tools for establishing the prognosis and to plan therapy. Clinical staging systems, however, do not give information regarding disease progression. In this study the progression and survival of @entity1072 in early clinical stages is analyzed. Among 261 @entity1 with @entity1072 , 134 (51%) were in stage A (M 60/F 74; mean age 64.2 years; DS = 11), and 87 (33%) in stage 0. Progression was analyzed as far as @entity1 remained untreated (median: 11 months; range: 3-114). Thirty-three (24.6%) out of 134 @entity1 in stage A progressed to more advanced stages (17 to B, 16 to C) with an actuarial cumulative risk for progression of 31% at 3 years. Variables at diagnosis predictive of a more likely progression were: number of lymph nodes involved (p less than 0.001), rapid lymphocyte doubling time (p = 0.0025), and markedly increased lymphocyte count (p = 0.02). Twenty-eight (32%) out of 87 @entity1 in stage 0 progressed (8 to I, 12 to II, 7 to III), the actuarial cumulative risk being of 28% at 3 years. The only variable predictive of progression was a lower normal Hb level (p = 0.015). Although the survival probability of @entity1 in stage A (0) was not statistically different from those in stage A (I, II), their median survivals were of 125.7 and 91 months, respectively. Concerning survival, the following poor prognostic variables were identified: stage A: advanced age (p = 0.01), and rapid lymphocyte doubling time (p = 0.0045). Stage 0: higher lymphocyte count (p = 0.005), and lower normal Hb level (p = 0.015).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Natural history of XXXX : on the progression and progression and prognosis of early clinical stages.

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'CLL']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nanopipettes are an attractive single-molecule tool for identification and characterisation of nucleic acids and proteins in solutions. They enable label-free analysis and reveal individual molecular properties, which are generally masked by ensemble averaging. Having control over the pore dimensions is vital to ensure that the dimensions of the molecules being probed match those of the pore for optimization of the signal to noise. Although nanopipettes are simple and easy to fabricate, challenges exist, especially when compared to more conventional solid-state analogues. For example, a sub-20 nm pore diameter can be difficult to fabricate and the batch-to-batch reproducibility is often poor. To improve on this limitation, @entity655 ( @entity655 ) is used to deposit ultrathin layers of @entity5383 ( @entity16773 ) on the surface of the quartz nanopipettes enabling sub-nm tuning of the pore dimensions. Here, @entity16773 with a thickness of 8, 14 and 17 nm was deposited onto pipettes with a starting pore diameter of 75    5 nm whilst a second batch had 5 and 8 nm @entity16773 deposited with a starting pore diameter of 25    3 nm respectively. This highly conformal process coats both the inner and outer surfaces of pipettes and resulted in the fabrication of pore diameters as low as 7.5 nm. We show that @entity16773 modified pores do not interfere with the sensing ability of the nanopipettes and can be used for high signal-to-noise DNA detection. @entity655 provides a quick and efficient (batch processing) for fine-tuning nanopipettes for a broad range of applications including the detection of small biomolecules like RNA, aptamers and DNA-protein interactions at the single molecule level.

title: Fine tuning of nanopipettes using XXXX for single molecule sensing.

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['atomic layer deposition', 'ALD']

answer: @entity655 :: (MESH:C535504,Disease) :: ['atomic layer deposition']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity27 ( @entity27 ) @entity1 with @entity387 ( @entity387 ) have different clinical, polysomnographic, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration findings compared to @entity27 @entity1 without @entity387 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of @entity27 @entity1 who had undergone CPAP titration and categorized them into pure-OSA and mixed-OSA groups. Demographic features, @entity25 , and @entity386 severity were compared between the two groups using univariate and multivariate analyses. CPAP titration findings were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-five subjects (n=126 pure-OSA; n=69 mixed-OSA) were included in the analysis. Compared to the pure-OSA group, the mixed-OSA group had a higher percentage of males (p=0.003) and a higher body mass index (p=0.044), Epworth Sleepiness Scale score (p=0.028), and @entity27 index (AHI) (p<0.001). In logistic regression analysis, older age, male sex, and higher body mass index were independently associated with mixed-OSA before PSG study. When using AHI as a covariable, the higher AHI with older age, male sex, and @entity25 was independently related to mixed-OSA. The mixed-OSA group had a higher percentage of @entity1 with @entity387 , a lower percentage of @entity1 with optimal titration, and a higher titrated pressure than the pure-OSA group. CONCLUSIONS: Severe OSA, older age, male sex, @entity28 , and @entity25 were related to mixed-OSA. @entity387 , less optimal titration, and a higher titrated CPAP were also associated with @entity387 in @entity27 @entity1 .

title: Clinical, polysomnographic, and CPAP titration features of XXXX : Mixed versus purely obstructive type.

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['mixed sleep apnea', 'MSA', 'Complex sleep apnea', 'complex sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to explore educators' perceptions of a virtual world Second Life TM as an environment for social interaction and social inclusion for the Norwegian adult students with @entity717 that they supported. METHOD: Five educators who supported a total of 10 adult students with @entity717 in computer classes in community Adult Education Centres participated in individual in-depth interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a content analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 were positive about Second Life although they did not perceive that it offered a successful context for social interaction or inclusion. They identified a number of benefits to using a virtual world and for students participating in virtual world research. Barriers identified included language, literacy, and technology issues along with the complexity of participating independently in a virtual world. CONCLUSIONS: Some @entity1 with @entity717 can use virtual worlds but the skills required need additional research. Virtual worlds may provide a stimulating, safe, and exciting context for a range of activities but the level of support required by many @entity1 is high and consequently expensive. Implications for Rehabilitation Educators can use virtual worlds such as Second LifeTM with @entity1 with @entity717 as an enjoyable medium to experience new activities and gain feelings of independence. @entity1 with @entity717 can use Second Life with support and those with good literacy and computer skills can be trained to use it independently. Technology support is needed as virtual worlds are not easy to use for those who have problems with literacy or with speaking or reading English and if the virtual world platform is not stable, the ensuing problems with sound and/or images can be frustrating. Further research is required to explore how virtual worlds could be used to expand teaching programs and allow individuals to build on independent and new experiences in the virtual world safely.

title: Teachers' perceptions of virtual worlds as a medium for social inclusion for adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'Participants', 'People']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Romiplostim is recommended for the second- and third-line treatment of primary @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). We conducted a large, single-arm study (clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00508820) with broad entry criteria to evaluate the safety of romiplostim in adult @entity3039 . @entity1 (n = 407) with @entity3039 lasting 0.03-57.14 years and low platelet counts (median 14.0 * 10(9)/l) or uncontrolled @entity548 received romiplostim for up to 4 years. The rates of treatment-related, serious adverse events, serious @entity548 events, @entity1031 events and fatal events were similar to those reported in previous romiplostim trials (0.2, 0.4, 0.2 and 0.1/100 @entity1 -weeks, respectively). Bone marrow reticulin was observed in 4 @entity1 , but biopsies were not routinely performed so the true incidence of this event cannot be determined. Type I collagen (nonserious, unrelated) was reported in 1 @entity1 who likely had @entity2590 . No new class of adverse events was reported. Platelet responses were achieved by >90% of the @entity1 , typically within 1-2 weeks of the initiation of @entity31799 treatment. From week 8, median platelet counts were >100 * 10(9)/l; 47% of the @entity1 received rescue medications (the use decreased over time). This study confirms and extends the tolerability/efficacy findings of previous romiplostim clinical studies. It was performed on a large @entity3039 population, which is likely more representative of clinical practice.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Romiplostim Treatment in Adults with XXXX of Varying Duration and Severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity31799 :: ('MESH:C488777', 'Chemical') :: ['romiplostim']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['Immune Thrombocytopenia']


abstract: A case is reported of isolated @entity5143 occurring during the removal of two hydatid cysts in the same @entity1 at the same time. This 44 year old @entity1 already had had a hydatid cyst removed one year previously; no complication had occurred at the time. The @entity1 had a past history of @entity565 , easily treated by @entity3045 spray. All went well until the first cyst was manipulated: the ventilating pressures rose, and wheezing rhonchi appeared in both lung fields. This @entity5143 was resistant to an increase in anaesthetic depth, to @entity3045 , @entity4183 , @entity230 and 3% @entity1508 for 15 min. It however disappeared completely as soon as the cyst was removed. There were no other signs of an anaphylactic reaction. The same thing occurred during the removal of the second cyst. Postoperative investigations showed the @entity1 to be sensitized to house dust and mites. His @entity565 is confirmed. Allergologic tests showed no reaction with the anaesthetic drugs used, but a @entity56 to the echinococcal antigens. The @entity5143 was probably due to the increased bronchial sensitivity of this @entity1 .

title: [Peroperative XXXX during surgery of hydatid cysts].

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity5143 :: (MESH:D001986,Disease) :: ['bronchospasm']


abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the dynamic computed tomographic (CT) appearance of focal @entity1161 to cirrhotic liver tissue around the @entity5 following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Seventy-seven @entity1 with 92 HCCs were observed for >6 months. Sixty-four and 13 @entity1 belonged to @entity1 -Pugh class A and B, respectively. The median SBRT dose was 48 Gy/4fr. Dynamic CT scans were performed in non-enhanced, arterial, portal, and venous phases. The median follow-up period was 18 months. Dynamic CT appearances were classified into 3 types: type 1, hyperdensity in all enhanced phases; type 2, @entity6152 in arterial and portal phases; type 3, isodensity in all enhanced phases. @entity1605 or 3 appearances significantly changed to type 1, particularly in @entity1 belonging to @entity1 -Pugh class A. After 3-6 months, @entity1 -Pugh class B was a significant factor in type 3 @entity1 . Thus, dynamic CT appearances were classified into 3 patterns and significantly changed over time into the enhancement group (type 1) in most @entity1 belonging to @entity1 -Pugh class A. @entity1 -Pugh class B was a significant factor in the non-enhancement group (type 3).

title: The Time Course of Dynamic Computed Tomographic Appearance of Radiation Injury to the Cirrhotic Liver Following Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Half of the type 2']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensity']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 generally prefer to have their family present during medical or nursing interventions. Family presence is assumed to reduce @entity148 , especially during painful interventions. AIM: This study employed a randomized controlled experimental design to determine the effects of family presence on @entity158 and @entity148 during invasive nursing procedures. METHOD: The study population consisted of @entity1 hospitalized in the observation unit of the internal medicine section in the emergency department of a university hospital. The sample comprised 138 @entity1 assigned into the experimental and control groups by drawing lots. The invasive nursing procedure was carried out in the presence of family members, for members of the experimental group, and without family members, for members of the control group. Thus, the effects of family presence on @entity158 and @entity148 during the administration of an invasive nursing procedure to @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed that members of the experimental and control groups did not differ with respect to the @entity158 and state @entity148 scores during the intervention. CONCLUSION: Family presence does not influence the @entity1 ' @entity158 and @entity148 during an invasive nursing procedure. Thus, the decision regarding family presence during such procedures should be based on @entity1 preference.

title: Effect of family presence on @entity158 and XXXX during invasive nursing procedures in an emergency department: A randomized controlled experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 generally prefer to have their family present during medical or nursing interventions. Family presence is assumed to reduce @entity148 , especially during painful interventions. AIM: This study employed a randomized controlled experimental design to determine the effects of family presence on @entity158 and @entity148 during invasive nursing procedures. METHOD: The study population consisted of @entity1 hospitalized in the observation unit of the internal medicine section in the emergency department of a university hospital. The sample comprised 138 @entity1 assigned into the experimental and control groups by drawing lots. The invasive nursing procedure was carried out in the presence of family members, for members of the experimental group, and without family members, for members of the control group. Thus, the effects of family presence on @entity158 and @entity148 during the administration of an invasive nursing procedure to @entity1 were analyzed. RESULTS: The results showed that members of the experimental and control groups did not differ with respect to the @entity158 and state @entity148 scores during the intervention. CONCLUSION: Family presence does not influence the @entity1 ' @entity158 and @entity148 during an invasive nursing procedure. Thus, the decision regarding family presence during such procedures should be based on @entity1 preference.

title: Effect of family presence on XXXX and @entity148 during invasive nursing procedures in an emergency department: A randomized controlled experimental study.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of two @entity396 regimens for mid-trimester pregnancy terminations. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 263 cases of pregnancy terminations with @entity396 between 12 and 24 weeks was performed. Group 1 (total 129 @entity1 ) consisted of @entity1 who were given 200   mcg vaginal @entity396 every 4   h until the abortion, whereas Group 2 @entity1 (total 134 @entity1 ) were given @entity396 as in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics's (FIGO) 2012 recommendation. In case of a previous cesarean section doses were halved in both groups. Primary outcomes of the study were the time to abortion and the total drug dose used. Secondary outcome was the rate of complications. RESULTS: Total dose and time to abortion did not differ between the groups. As for complications, one @entity1 (%0.8) in group 1 developed @entity2102 and had hysterotomy. One @entity1 (%0.8) in group 2 had uterine rupture and had total hysterectomy. Two @entity1 in both groups considered failure of induction and terminated with surgery (hysterotomy). Groups did not show difference in induction failure rates. CONCLUSIONS: We respect the presence of dose recommendation stated by the FIGO and found similar results with our recent protocol. Other @entity396 regimens used worldwide should also be compared with this guideline in order to improve its efficacy.

title: Comparison of two XXXX regimens for mid-trimester pregnancy terminations after FIGO's @entity396 dosage recommendation in 2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and efficacy of two @entity396 regimens for mid-trimester pregnancy terminations. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 263 cases of pregnancy terminations with @entity396 between 12 and 24 weeks was performed. Group 1 (total 129 @entity1 ) consisted of @entity1 who were given 200   mcg vaginal @entity396 every 4   h until the abortion, whereas Group 2 @entity1 (total 134 @entity1 ) were given @entity396 as in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics's (FIGO) 2012 recommendation. In case of a previous cesarean section doses were halved in both groups. Primary outcomes of the study were the time to abortion and the total drug dose used. Secondary outcome was the rate of complications. RESULTS: Total dose and time to abortion did not differ between the groups. As for complications, one @entity1 (%0.8) in group 1 developed @entity2102 and had hysterotomy. One @entity1 (%0.8) in group 2 had uterine rupture and had total hysterectomy. Two @entity1 in both groups considered failure of induction and terminated with surgery (hysterotomy). Groups did not show difference in induction failure rates. CONCLUSIONS: We respect the presence of dose recommendation stated by the FIGO and found similar results with our recent protocol. Other @entity396 regimens used worldwide should also be compared with this guideline in order to improve its efficacy.

title: Comparison of two @entity396 regimens for mid-trimester pregnancy terminations after FIGO's XXXX dosage recommendation in 2012.

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: The globular domain NC1 of @entity1 basement membrane collagen IV was isolated from glomerular basement membrane after collagenase digestion by chromatographic purification. The @entity1 NC1 appears as a hexamer of 160 kD by molecular sieve chromatography which migrates as a single molecule at gel electrophoresis without @entity214 ( @entity214 ). Reversible dissociation of the hexamer into monomers and dimers was achieved by 6 M @entity2097 - @entity7432 , @entity214 , or at pH values less than 4.0. All the subunits of 26 kD, 28 kD, 44 kD, and 50 kD showed reactivity with anti- @entity11 antibodies on immunoblotting. Inhibition-ELISA demonstrated that the intact hexamer also binds to anti- @entity11 antibodies at higher NC1 concentrations. However, dose-response curves indicated an approximately 20-50-fold increase in reactivity after dissociation of the hexamer in 6 M @entity2097 - @entity7432 . Analysis of thermostability demonstrated that heating for 24 h at 37 degrees C or 56 degrees C did not alter the reactivity to anti- @entity11 antibodies, while reactivity was lost after heating for more than 120 min at 95 degrees C. In contrast to @entity291 NC1 unfolding of the antigen occurs immediately and does not require elevated temperature. Rotary shadowing of @entity1 NC1 at neutral pH revealed homogeneous globules. Distinct but incomplete dissociation into monomers and dimers could be observed at pH 2.5. These in vitro data of the @entity1 NC1 domain give further evidence that most of the @entity7860 epitopes are sequestered within the NC1 hexamer and support the hypothesis that production of anti- @entity11 autoantibodies may be initiated after dissociation of the hexamer has been induced, possibly by a toxic or infective episode.

title: Immunological properties of the @entity1 XXXX target antigen.

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidine']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ['Goodpasture']

entities_list: @entity214 :: ('CHEBI:8984', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulphate', 'SDS']

answer: @entity7860 :: (MESH:D019867,Disease) :: ['Goodpasture']


abstract: The globular domain NC1 of @entity1 basement membrane collagen IV was isolated from glomerular basement membrane after collagenase digestion by chromatographic purification. The @entity1 NC1 appears as a hexamer of 160 kD by molecular sieve chromatography which migrates as a single molecule at gel electrophoresis without @entity214 ( @entity214 ). Reversible dissociation of the hexamer into monomers and dimers was achieved by 6 M @entity2097 - @entity7432 , @entity214 , or at pH values less than 4.0. All the subunits of 26 kD, 28 kD, 44 kD, and 50 kD showed reactivity with anti- @entity11 antibodies on immunoblotting. Inhibition-ELISA demonstrated that the intact hexamer also binds to anti- @entity11 antibodies at higher NC1 concentrations. However, dose-response curves indicated an approximately 20-50-fold increase in reactivity after dissociation of the hexamer in 6 M @entity2097 - @entity7432 . Analysis of thermostability demonstrated that heating for 24 h at 37 degrees C or 56 degrees C did not alter the reactivity to anti- @entity11 antibodies, while reactivity was lost after heating for more than 120 min at 95 degrees C. In contrast to @entity291 NC1 unfolding of the antigen occurs immediately and does not require elevated temperature. Rotary shadowing of @entity1 NC1 at neutral pH revealed homogeneous globules. Distinct but incomplete dissociation into monomers and dimers could be observed at pH 2.5. These in vitro data of the @entity1 NC1 domain give further evidence that most of the @entity7860 epitopes are sequestered within the NC1 hexamer and support the hypothesis that production of anti- @entity11 autoantibodies may be initiated after dissociation of the hexamer has been induced, possibly by a toxic or infective episode.

title: Immunological properties of the XXXX @entity7860 target antigen.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the @entity1 placenta is considered medical wastes, it has become a main source of stem cells. Due to their easy isolation, ability to resist immune rejection and ability to differentiate into different types of adult cells, placental stem cells are considered superior to other stem cells. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the impact of the maternal age on the expression of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers CD105 and @entity2393 in different areas of a term @entity1 placenta and to identify the differential expression of these markers in different placental areas. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this comparative cross sectional study, one hundred term placentas were collected after delivery from healthy mothers divided into five groups according to their age. Placentas were processed to assess both immune- and gene-expression of CD105 and @entity2393 surface antigen markers. Data of the different studied age groups was compared using the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software. RESULTS: CD105 and @entity2393 immunoexpression in decidua basalis, fetal membrane and placental villi showed significant negative correlations with the maternal age. CD105- and @entity2393 -positive MSCs were significantly abundant in the decidua basalis and placental villi. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results were consistent with those of the immunohistochemical study. CONCLUSION: Labeling the placenta-driven MSCs with the specific area from which the cells were taken as well as the mother's age is advised and could be helpful in controlling the quality of the cell banks as well as the favorable outcome of the therapeutic applications.

title: Does the maternal age affect the mesenchymal stem cell markers and gene expression in the XXXX placenta? What is the evidence?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS: Interstitial @entity1195 + cells and T lymphocytes have previously been demonstrated within @entity11529 ( @entity11529 ). This study investigated the expression of B and T lymphocyte markers by the @entity1195 + population, and the expression of @entity5399 , a marker of thymocyte progenitors, which have the ability to give rise to both B and T cells. METHODS: Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on proliferating and involuted IHs for the expression of @entity1195 , CD3, @entity2225 , @entity7571 , @entity5399 and @entity2280 . The presence of mRNA corresponding to @entity1195 , @entity16997 , @entity2225 and @entity5399 was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in snap-frozen @entity11529 tissues. Cell counting of @entity15989 IHC-stained slides was performed on @entity1195 + only cells and dually stained @entity1195 +/CD3+ cells or @entity1195 +/ @entity2225 + cells and analysed statistically. In situ hybridisation and mass spectrometry were also performed to confirm the presence and abundance of @entity5399 , respectively. RESULTS: IHC staining showed a subpopulation of @entity1195 + interstitial cells that expressed the T lymphocyte marker, CD3, and another subpopulation that expressed the B lymphocyte marker, @entity2225 , in proliferating and diminished in involuted IHs. The abundant expression of @entity5399 on the endothelium of proliferating, but not involuted @entity11529 , was demonstrated by IHC staining and confirmed by in situ hybridisation and mass spectrometry. CONCLUSIONS: Both B and T lymphocytes are present within the interstitium of proliferating and involuted @entity11529 . The expression of @entity5399 by the endothelium suggests that B and T cells in @entity11529 may have originated from within the lesion, rather than migrating from the peripheral circulation.

title: Characterisation of lymphocyte subpopulations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11529 :: ('MESH:D020936', 'Disease') :: ['infantile haemangioma', 'IH']

entities_list: @entity15989 :: ('MESH:D015100', 'Chemical') :: ['3,3-diaminobenzidine']

answer: @entity11529 :: (MESH:D020936,Disease) :: ['infantile haemangioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We assessed the safety and efficacy of administration of pegfilgrastim on the same day compared with standard administration 24 to 72 hours after chemotherapy in @entity1 with gynecologic @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on @entity1 undergoing pegfilgrastim to mitigate the myelosuppressive consequences of chemotherapy. The primary outcome was incidence of grade 3 to 4 @entity1398 following pegfilgrastim for same-day administration (D1) versus standard administration (D2+). Secondary outcomes included dose delay, regimen change, hospitalization due to @entity1398 , and incidence of @entity1398 . RESULTS: Four hundred twenty-one @entity1 with 2071 administrations of pegfilgrastim were included. Five hundred six administrations of pegfilgrastim were given on D1 compared with 1565 administrations on D2+. The most common @entity5 was @entity43 (79.1%), followed by endometrial (14.5%). Comparing the D1 and D2+ cohorts, noninferiority was not established for the incidence of grade 3 to 4 @entity1398 (2.6% vs 1.8%, adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.6; 90% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-3.2) or dose modification (6.5% vs 4.9%; aRR, 1.3; 90% CI, 0.9-1.8). However, the rate of treatment delays (7.3% vs 9.4%; aRR, 0.8; 90% CI, 0.6-1.1) in the D1 and D2+ groups suggested that delays in the D1 group were not more common than in the D2+ group. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of hematologic @entity137 and dose modification in @entity1 receiving same-day pegfilgrastim were not as low as in those undergoing standard administration. However, treatment delays were found to be no more frequent in those receiving same-day pegfilgrastim versus standard administration. Same-day administration of pegfilgrastim is a reasonable option.

title: Evaluation of the Hematologic Safety of Same Day Versus Standard Administration (24- to 72-Hour Delay) of Pegfilgrastim in Gynecology Oncology XXXX Undergoing Cytotoxic Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity15 and @entity12319 are @entity792 with similar CNS inflammatory and neurodegenerative characteristics. Our aim was to investigate white matter tract changes and their association with cognitive function in @entity1 with @entity15 and those with @entity12319 compared with healthy controls by using diffusion tensor imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 and 23 @entity1 with @entity12319 matched for disease severity and duration and 43 healthy controls were scanned with 3T MR imaging. The DTI was postprocessed, corrected for lesions, and analyzed with tract-based spatial statistics. Cognitive assessment included examination of processing speed; @entity227 ; and sustained attention and executive function. Differences were considered significant at P < .05. RESULTS: Tract-based spatial statistics analysis revealed significantly decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in @entity1 with @entity15 compared with healthy controls, decreased fractional anisotropy in @entity1 with @entity15 compared with those with @entity12319 , and an increased mean diffusivity in @entity1 with @entity12319 compared with healthy controls. @entity1 with @entity15 showed decreased fractional anisotropy throughout central WM pathways, including the corpus callosum and the inferior @entity542 compared with those with @entity12319 . Altered cognitive scores in @entity1 with @entity15 were significantly associated with decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in all examined domains, while in @entity1 with diffuse @entity12319 , only decreased fractional anisotropy in the superior WM pathways showed significant association with executive function. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity15 and @entity12319 showed widespread WM tract alterations outside overt lesions, though more severe changes were identified in @entity1 with @entity15 . The WM tract changes were associated with @entity73 in all explored domains only in @entity1 with @entity15 .

title: Cognitive and White Matter Tract Differences in XXXX and Diffuse @entity12319 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual, auditory/verbal, and visual-spatial memory']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal and fronto-occipital fasciculi']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity15 and @entity12319 are @entity792 with similar CNS inflammatory and neurodegenerative characteristics. Our aim was to investigate white matter tract changes and their association with cognitive function in @entity1 with @entity15 and those with @entity12319 compared with healthy controls by using diffusion tensor imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 and 23 @entity1 with @entity12319 matched for disease severity and duration and 43 healthy controls were scanned with 3T MR imaging. The DTI was postprocessed, corrected for lesions, and analyzed with tract-based spatial statistics. Cognitive assessment included examination of processing speed; @entity227 ; and sustained attention and executive function. Differences were considered significant at P < .05. RESULTS: Tract-based spatial statistics analysis revealed significantly decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in @entity1 with @entity15 compared with healthy controls, decreased fractional anisotropy in @entity1 with @entity15 compared with those with @entity12319 , and an increased mean diffusivity in @entity1 with @entity12319 compared with healthy controls. @entity1 with @entity15 showed decreased fractional anisotropy throughout central WM pathways, including the corpus callosum and the inferior @entity542 compared with those with @entity12319 . Altered cognitive scores in @entity1 with @entity15 were significantly associated with decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in all examined domains, while in @entity1 with diffuse @entity12319 , only decreased fractional anisotropy in the superior WM pathways showed significant association with executive function. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity15 and @entity12319 showed widespread WM tract alterations outside overt lesions, though more severe changes were identified in @entity1 with @entity15 . The WM tract changes were associated with @entity73 in all explored domains only in @entity1 with @entity15 .

title: Cognitive and White Matter Tract Differences in @entity15 and Diffuse XXXX .

answer: @entity12319 :: (MESH:D020945,Disease) :: ['Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']


abstract: The efficacy of causing @entity2057 was compared among denervation, arthrodesis and tenotomy in @entity35 anterior tibial muscle. Reduction of wet weight was most pronounced in denervated muscle and least in arthrodesed muscle. Histochemical investigation by ATPase stain revealed that @entity194 of Type 1 and Type 2 fiber was more severe in denervated muscle group than in the other two groups. Type 2 fiber @entity194 was dominant in denervated muscle and in arthrodesed muscle. Type 1 fiber @entity194 was dominant in tenotomized muscle. The effect of electrostimulation on denervated muscle was investigated. Electrostimulation significantly reduced the degree of denervation @entity194 . Four weeks after severance of peroneal nerve, tibial nerve-crossing was done and electrostimulation was continued for eight weeks. Recovery of wet weight of re-innervated muscle with electrostimulation was significantly better than that without electrostimulation. Electrostimulation applied to denervated muscle reduced the progress of @entity194 and improved the recovery after nerve repair.

title: [An experimental study on denervated @entity2057 --effect of electrostimulation and comparison with immobilization XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['muscle atrophy']


abstract: The efficacy of causing @entity2057 was compared among denervation, arthrodesis and tenotomy in @entity35 anterior tibial muscle. Reduction of wet weight was most pronounced in denervated muscle and least in arthrodesed muscle. Histochemical investigation by ATPase stain revealed that @entity194 of Type 1 and Type 2 fiber was more severe in denervated muscle group than in the other two groups. Type 2 fiber @entity194 was dominant in denervated muscle and in arthrodesed muscle. Type 1 fiber @entity194 was dominant in tenotomized muscle. The effect of electrostimulation on denervated muscle was investigated. Electrostimulation significantly reduced the degree of denervation @entity194 . Four weeks after severance of peroneal nerve, tibial nerve-crossing was done and electrostimulation was continued for eight weeks. Recovery of wet weight of re-innervated muscle with electrostimulation was significantly better than that without electrostimulation. Electrostimulation applied to denervated muscle reduced the progress of @entity194 and improved the recovery after nerve repair.

title: [An experimental study on denervated XXXX --effect of electrostimulation and comparison with immobilization @entity2057 ].

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['muscle atrophy']


abstract: The @entity19 surfeit locus is unusual in that it contains a number of closely clustered genes ( @entity71144 ) that alternate in their direction of transcription (T. Williams, J. Yon, C. Huxley, and M. Fried, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3527-3530, 1988). The heterogeneous 5' ends of @entity71145 and @entity71146 are separated by 15 to 73 base pairs (bp), and the 3' ends of @entity71146 and @entity71147 overlap by 133 bp (T. Williams and M. Fried, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4558-4569, 1986; T. Williams and M. Fried, Nature (London) 322:275-279, 1986). A fourth gene in this locus, @entity71148 , which is a member of a multigene family, has been identified. The poly(A) addition site of @entity71148 lies only 70 bp from the poly(A) addition site of @entity71145 . Transcription of @entity71148 has been studied in the absence of the other members of its multigene family after transfection of a cloned genomic @entity19 DNA fragment, containing the @entity71148 gene, into heterologous monkey cells. @entity71148 specifies a highly expressed 1.0-kilobase mRNA that contains a long open reading frame of 266 @entity1522 , which would encode a highly basic polypeptide (23% @entity534 plus Lys). The other members of the @entity71148 multigene family are predominantly, if not entirely, intronless pseudogenes with the hallmarks of being generated by reverse transcription. The role of the very tight clustering on regulation of expression of the genes in the surfeit locus is discussed.

title: One of the tightly clustered genes of the XXXX surfeit locus is a highly expressed member of a multigene family whose other members are predominantly processed pseudogenes.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Serial left ventricular (LV) echocardiographic studies were performed in 21 @entity1 before and after aortic valve replacement for chronic @entity337 . The effect of valve replacement on LV dimensions, cross-sectional area of the LV muscle and LV function was determined from the echocardiographic data. The relation between degeneration of the myocardium and surgical outcome was also investigated. The average LV end-diastolic dimension decreased from 66.0 +/- 8.3 mm to 46.3 +/- 5.7 mm twelve months postoperatively. The average LV end-systolic dimension also fell from 43.4 +/- 8.1 mm to 31.1 +/- 5.0 mm. The muscle cross-sectional area decreased from 33.1 +/- 5.1 cm2 to 24.5 +/- 4.0 cm2, indicating a decrease in LV mass. The indices of contractility (fractional shortening, ejection fraction and mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening) had a tendency to decrease one month after surgery, but they subsequently increased to the normal level 12 months after surgery. Nineteen out of 21 @entity1 showed a favorable outcome as to the functional status. The remaining two @entity1 had a large LV dimension and subnormal contractility, and they failed to show a significant reduction in the follow-up period. The muscle score in the two @entity1 was greater than 8 points, which indicated irreversible @entity73 . @entity1 with persistent postoperative LV enlargement have a poor prognosis and should be identified so that aggressive medical treatment can be instituted.

title: Improvement of left ventricular function after surgical correction of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the myocardium']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: The extremely high mortality rate of @entity5 requires every effort to avoid or decrease the incidence of @entity5 . In this paper the possibility of an immuno-prophylaxis of @entity189 is discussed. A study was undertaken, whether or not the incidence of @entity189 is decreased in @entity1 after the change of the status of immunity developed by typhus. In the years after the war (1945-1947) over 5400 @entity1 suffering from typhus had been reported in Vienna (according to the law in Austria) and about 600 died from this disease. In 1967 more than 2800 could be determined still alive and 535 had died in the meantime. The mortality rate of @entity5 was calculated and compared in age- und sex-adjusted groups with the relative @entity5 mortality rate of the whole population of Vienna in the average of the years 1959-1963. The statistical evaluation shows a lower @entity5 mortality of @entity1 suffering from typhus at an earlier time. This difference seems to be significant (chi 2test, p less than 0.05) in @entity1 of the age group 30-50 and in @entity1 35-65 years of age. Additionally in two regions of Austria (Ober  sterreich, Burgenland) similar observations were made, but with no statistical significance because of the small numbers. Some diagnostic insecurities during war time require the restriction of conclusions. On the basis of clinical observations and results from animal experiments the possibility of an immuno-prophylaxis of @entity189 by unspecific stimulation of the defensive mechanism is supposed, and a prospective study of volunteers, whose level of defense is kept optimal by adequate frequent repetition of the stimulation, is suggested. The incidence of @entity189 would have to be compared to a control group.

title: [Studies on the possibility of immunoprophylaxis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of volunteers', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: Fifty-three @entity1 with primary @entity150 underwent total cystectomy during the past 10 years. Ages ranged from 32 to 87 years old, with an average of 68.2 years. Radical total cystectomy, including systemic lymphadenectomy was performed in 22 cases, simple total cystectomy in 8 cases and salvage total cystectomy in 23 cases. An ileal conduit was made for urinary diversion in 23 cases and the other 26 cases underwent cutaneous ureterostomy. Postoperative mortality was 9.4% (5 of 53 cases) and @entity260 were noted in 17 of the 53 cases (32.1%). The 5-year cumulative survival rate by the life table method for all the cases was 42.6%. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of radical total cystectomy cases was 67.8%, that of simple total cystectomy cases was 50.0% and that of salvage total cystectomy cases was 7.5%. A significant difference was seen between the first 2 groups and the last group. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of the @entity1 with low stage @entity5 (pTis, pTa, @entity2558 and pT2) was 56.1% and that of the @entity1 with high stage @entity5 ( @entity1803 , pT4) was 22.7%. A significant difference was observed between the two groups. The 5-year cumulative survival rate of the @entity1 with grades G1, G2 and G3 @entity5 was 66.7, 45.4 and 26.7% respectively. A significant difference was seen among the three grades.

title: [Clinical evaluation of total cystectomy for XXXX : a ten-year experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: Two @entity1 with disseminated @entity3219 are reported. One @entity1 presented with severe @entity882 and @entity381 . Histoplasmin skin test, blood and bone marrow cultures and smears, sputum cultures, and chest radiographs were negative for @entity3218 . She died on the sixth hospital day from a massive @entity1779 . Cardiorespiratory function was maintained until one kidney was removed for homotransplantation. The second @entity1 , with chronic @entity631 and @entity5507 , received the renal homograft from the first @entity1 . Initial signs of homograft rejection developed five days postoperatively. Diffuse @entity882 occurred shortly thereafter. Spores of @entity3218 were observed in blood smears, in leukocyte concentrates, and in five-day leukocyte cultures from the blood obtained prior to @entity204 . Disseminated @entity3219 was found in both @entity1 at autopsy. The severe @entity1423 in both cases suggests that systemic @entity3219 should be considered as a cause of @entity882 .To our knowledge, this is the first reported instance of direct transmission of @entity3218 , and must be considered a hazard in homotransplantation.In vitro leukocyte cultures as a method for early diagnosis of certain disseminated @entity281 needs further investigation.

title: XXXX and @entity882 : transmission by renal homotransplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet deficit']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['fungous infections']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity3219 :: (MESH:D006660,Disease) :: ['Histoplasmosis']