abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were to perform a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of @entity984 oncogene mutations in @entity43 of various histologic subtypes, and for any subgroup(s) in which @entity984 mutation was found to be common, to address the hypothesis that those @entity5 without @entity984 mutation had sustained alternative activation of this signaling pathway through mutation of the @entity817 oncogene. METHODS: A total of 104 primary, @entity43 from a 10-year period at this institution were selected for study based on histologic classification. The histologic cell type was serous in 21 cases, endometrioid in 30 cases, clear cell in 31 cases, and mucinous in 22 cases. Additional clinical and pathological information was abstracted from @entity1 records, and pathology review was performed for all cases. Direct sequence analysis of exon 2 of the @entity984 gene, containing codon 12, was performed using DNA isolated from all @entity5 specimens. Sequence analyses of exons 11 and 15 of the @entity817 gene were performed for the 22 cases of mucinous @entity43 . RESULTS: Activating @entity984 mutations were more common in @entity5 (50%) than in all other histologic types combined (5%; P < 10(-7)). Mutation of @entity984 was more common in @entity5 than in advanced stage @entity5 (P = 0.0004). Of the 11 @entity5 with @entity984 mutations, 6 were of Mullerian (endocervical) type and 5 were of gastrointestinal type. No @entity5 was found to harbor a @entity817 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that @entity984 oncogene mutations exist in several histologic types of @entity43 , especially @entity5 , but are common only in @entity5 of mucinous histology. Mutations are equally prevalent in mucinous @entity43 of M  llerian and gastrointestinal types. In contrast to other solid @entity5 types frequently affected by @entity984 mutation, mucinous @entity43 without a @entity984 mutation have not sustained alternative activation of this signaling pathway through mutation of the @entity817 oncogene.

title: Role of XXXX and @entity817 gene mutations in mucinous @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancers', 'invasive epithelial ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'mucinous tumor', 'stage I tumors']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were to perform a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of @entity984 oncogene mutations in @entity43 of various histologic subtypes, and for any subgroup(s) in which @entity984 mutation was found to be common, to address the hypothesis that those @entity5 without @entity984 mutation had sustained alternative activation of this signaling pathway through mutation of the @entity817 oncogene. METHODS: A total of 104 primary, @entity43 from a 10-year period at this institution were selected for study based on histologic classification. The histologic cell type was serous in 21 cases, endometrioid in 30 cases, clear cell in 31 cases, and mucinous in 22 cases. Additional clinical and pathological information was abstracted from @entity1 records, and pathology review was performed for all cases. Direct sequence analysis of exon 2 of the @entity984 gene, containing codon 12, was performed using DNA isolated from all @entity5 specimens. Sequence analyses of exons 11 and 15 of the @entity817 gene were performed for the 22 cases of mucinous @entity43 . RESULTS: Activating @entity984 mutations were more common in @entity5 (50%) than in all other histologic types combined (5%; P < 10(-7)). Mutation of @entity984 was more common in @entity5 than in advanced stage @entity5 (P = 0.0004). Of the 11 @entity5 with @entity984 mutations, 6 were of Mullerian (endocervical) type and 5 were of gastrointestinal type. No @entity5 was found to harbor a @entity817 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that @entity984 oncogene mutations exist in several histologic types of @entity43 , especially @entity5 , but are common only in @entity5 of mucinous histology. Mutations are equally prevalent in mucinous @entity43 of M  llerian and gastrointestinal types. In contrast to other solid @entity5 types frequently affected by @entity984 mutation, mucinous @entity43 without a @entity984 mutation have not sustained alternative activation of this signaling pathway through mutation of the @entity817 oncogene.

title: Role of @entity984 and XXXX gene mutations in mucinous @entity43 .

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goals of this study were to perform a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of @entity984 oncogene mutations in @entity43 of various histologic subtypes, and for any subgroup(s) in which @entity984 mutation was found to be common, to address the hypothesis that those @entity5 without @entity984 mutation had sustained alternative activation of this signaling pathway through mutation of the @entity817 oncogene. METHODS: A total of 104 primary, @entity43 from a 10-year period at this institution were selected for study based on histologic classification. The histologic cell type was serous in 21 cases, endometrioid in 30 cases, clear cell in 31 cases, and mucinous in 22 cases. Additional clinical and pathological information was abstracted from @entity1 records, and pathology review was performed for all cases. Direct sequence analysis of exon 2 of the @entity984 gene, containing codon 12, was performed using DNA isolated from all @entity5 specimens. Sequence analyses of exons 11 and 15 of the @entity817 gene were performed for the 22 cases of mucinous @entity43 . RESULTS: Activating @entity984 mutations were more common in @entity5 (50%) than in all other histologic types combined (5%; P < 10(-7)). Mutation of @entity984 was more common in @entity5 than in advanced stage @entity5 (P = 0.0004). Of the 11 @entity5 with @entity984 mutations, 6 were of Mullerian (endocervical) type and 5 were of gastrointestinal type. No @entity5 was found to harbor a @entity817 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that @entity984 oncogene mutations exist in several histologic types of @entity43 , especially @entity5 , but are common only in @entity5 of mucinous histology. Mutations are equally prevalent in mucinous @entity43 of M  llerian and gastrointestinal types. In contrast to other solid @entity5 types frequently affected by @entity984 mutation, mucinous @entity43 without a @entity984 mutation have not sustained alternative activation of this signaling pathway through mutation of the @entity817 oncogene.

title: Role of @entity984 and @entity817 gene mutations in mucinous XXXX .

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gating of sensory evoked potentials (SEPs) around the onset of a @entity717 is a physiological phenomenon with centripetal and central components, and may reflect sensorimotor integration required for normal movement control. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was the investigation of SEP suppression at the onset of movement and the interaction between SEP suppression and vibration of the limb. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with primary focal @entity3519 and 17 age-matched healthy volunteers were studied. SEPs were elicited after electrical stimulation of the median nerve at the wrist. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded over the scalp at three sites according to the International 10-20 System (F3, @entity72834 ). SEPs were recorded in four conditions: at rest, at the onset of movement (a self-paced abduction movement of the right thumb), both in the absence and in the presence of vibration of the limb. RESULTS: Repeated measures anova revealed that there was a significant main effect of group [F(1, 11.1) = 0.471, P = 0.002]. Post hoc exploration of this effect revealed it to be due to an absence of SEP suppression at movement onset in @entity1 (mean ratio SEP movement onset/rest 1.15 at F3, 1.13 at C3, 1.01 at P3) compared to controls, who had SEP suppression at movement onset (mean ratio SEP movement onset/rest 0.79 at F3, 0.78 at C3, 0.77 at P3). With vibration, SEP suppression reduced in both @entity1 and controls to a similar extent. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate abnormal SEP suppression at the onset of movement in @entity1 with @entity3520 , and in addition that vibration of the limb reduces SEP suppression in @entity1 and controls.

title: Abnormal movement-related suppression of sensory evoked potentials in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['primary dystonia']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['/segmental dystonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movement']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['upper limb dystonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcome of @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 to the abdomen and pelvis, and to assess the role of surgical resection of abdominal and pelvic @entity3 in this disease. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 59 @entity1 with documented metastatic @entity0 to the abdomen or pelvis who had exploratory surgery by the Gynecology Service between 1986 and 2001. RESULTS: Exploratory surgery was performed a median of 5 years (range, 0-25 years) after initial diagnosis of @entity0 . Median survival from diagnosis of @entity1625 was 23 months, and 5-year survival was 24%. Survival was 36 months for optimally debulked @entity1 (<2 cm of @entity66 ) and 20 months for suboptimally debulked @entity1 (P = 0.07). @entity1 diagnosed 5 or more years after initial @entity0 had a median survival of 36 months versus 17 months if diagnosed earlier (P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis the time to recurrence of @entity0 in the abdomen and optimal debulking were both significant variables. Hazard ratio for dying of disease if recurring before 5 years was 2.7 (CI 1.45-5.03) [P < 0.01]. Hazard ratio for dying of disease if suboptimal debulking was achieved was 2.14 (CI 1.13-4.02) [P = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS: The disease pattern of metastatic @entity0 to the abdomen and pelvis does not appear to effect survival. Survival in @entity1 where optimal debulking is achieved and in those recurring late is improved. Surgical resection of metachronous metastatic @entity0 to the abdomen and pelvis may be an important component of the management of this disease and should be considered in candidate @entity1 .

title: XXXX metastatic to abdomen and pelvis: role of surgical resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of serum tissue polypeptide antigen ( @entity865 ) as a @entity5 marker for monitoring @entity5 recurrence in a prospective Phase II study. METHODS: This study consisted of 421 subjects allocated to three groups: 241 @entity1 treated for @entity150 between 1991 and 1995, 126 subjects with a previous history of @entity150 but with no recurrence at the time of study enrollment, and 54 healthy volunteers. Soluble @entity865 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: On the basis of receiver operating characteristic plot analysis, the normal test threshold was set at 63 U/L. For @entity150 detection, the @entity865 specificity was 73% and sensitivity was 45%. @entity865 levels correlated with @entity5 stage (P <0.01), histologic grade, nodal stage, and metastatic stage and with urinary cytology in univariate analysis. In the subsets of @entity1 with a history of @entity150 and normal @entity865 levels, 34.9% experienced a relapse compared with 37.5% of @entity1 with elevated @entity865 levels (no statistically significant difference). Among the @entity1 with normal @entity865 levels who experienced recurrence, the mean disease-free interval was 30.6 months compared with 25.1 months in @entity1 with elevated @entity865 levels (no statistically significant difference). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity865 was not an independent prognostic biomarker for @entity5 relapse. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity150 , the @entity865 serum level correlated with @entity5 stage and grade, but it was not useful for detecting or monitoring relapses.

title: Usefulness of tissue polypeptide antigen in the follow-up of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'initial tumor']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe in this first series of lupus documented in @entity3456 , the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects. METHOD: This is a prospective study in internal medicine at the National Hospital of Niamey during 10 years. ACR criteria were used as diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: We identified only 9 cases with a frequency of 0.05 % (7 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 36.7 years [range, (26, 48)]. Frequent manifestations were prolonged fever (8 cases), @entity1910 (6 cases), @entity625 (6 cases), @entity1665 (5 cases), discoid lupus (3 cases), @entity74 (7 cases), @entity11534 (4 cases) and @entity177 (4 cases). All @entity1 had at least 4 ACR criteria with an average of 6.11 criteria. ANA were positive in 8 @entity1 with an average of 1/568, 68 [extremes (1/1280-1/160)]. The most commonly molecules used were @entity229 , @entity500 and @entity6383 . The Mycof  nolate Mof  til, @entity786 and @entity2408 were used in a single @entity1 . The outcome was favorable in 8 @entity1 and we deplore the death of one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Under diagnosis would be the basis of the low prevalence of lupus in @entity3456 . Diagnostic means are necessary for epidemiological studies in order to have more representative data.

title: First documented cases of systemic lupus erythematosus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['malar rash']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity2408 :: ('CHEBI:64357', 'Chemical') :: ['Rituximab']

answer: @entity3456 :: (4230,Species) :: ['Niger']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To use the Bst U I polymorphism as a genetic marker in the search for the association between @entity1 with @entity263 and normal control subjects. The formation or progression of @entity263 is presumed to be associated with a polymorphism of the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) gene. The most frequently seen polymorphism is Bst U I (C to T) located at the -460th @entity377 upstream of the @entity7 gene. METHODS: A normal control group of 119 healthy @entity1 and 96 @entity1 with @entity263 were examined. The polymorphism was seen after polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis. RESULTS: The analysis revealed significant differences between normal individuals and @entity1 with @entity5 (P <0.001). Also, the distribution of the "TT" homozygote in the @entity1 group was greater than that in the control group. The odds ratio per copy of the "T" allele was 2.3 (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 3.8) and was 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.8) when adjusted for age. No statistically significant differences in clinical stage or grade were found. We also categorized the 54 @entity1 who received hormonal therapy into response and nonresponse groups, but no statistically significant differences between these two groups were revealed (P = 0.110, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS: The Bst U I polymorphism of the @entity7 gene is a suitable genetic marker of @entity263 but cannot be used in the prediction of the outcome of @entity1 who have received hormonal therapy.

title: XXXX gene-460 C/T polymorphism is a biomarker for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To use the Bst U I polymorphism as a genetic marker in the search for the association between @entity1 with @entity263 and normal control subjects. The formation or progression of @entity263 is presumed to be associated with a polymorphism of the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) gene. The most frequently seen polymorphism is Bst U I (C to T) located at the -460th @entity377 upstream of the @entity7 gene. METHODS: A normal control group of 119 healthy @entity1 and 96 @entity1 with @entity263 were examined. The polymorphism was seen after polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis. RESULTS: The analysis revealed significant differences between normal individuals and @entity1 with @entity5 (P <0.001). Also, the distribution of the "TT" homozygote in the @entity1 group was greater than that in the control group. The odds ratio per copy of the "T" allele was 2.3 (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 3.8) and was 2.2 (95% CI 1.3 to 3.8) when adjusted for age. No statistically significant differences in clinical stage or grade were found. We also categorized the 54 @entity1 who received hormonal therapy into response and nonresponse groups, but no statistically significant differences between these two groups were revealed (P = 0.110, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS: The Bst U I polymorphism of the @entity7 gene is a suitable genetic marker of @entity263 but cannot be used in the prediction of the outcome of @entity1 who have received hormonal therapy.

title: @entity7 gene-460 C/T polymorphism is a biomarker for XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The prediction of chemotherapeutic efficacy is complicated by "protocol dependencies" in dose-effect and dose- @entity137 relationships. It has been proposed that pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic mathematical models may allow characterization of chemotherapeutic protocol dependencies, and may facilitate the prediction of chemotherapeutic efficacy; however, few demonstrations exist in the literature. The present study examines the pharmacokinetics and toxicodynamics of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), a commonly used anticancer agent, after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to @entity19 . @entity1500 was administered via bolus or infusion (24, 72, and 168 h), at doses of 2.5-1000 mg/kg. @entity1500 plasma and peritoneal pharmacokinetics were characterized through standard noncompartmental and compartmental techniques. Body weight loss was used as a measure of @entity1500 -induced @entity137 . We found that @entity1500 pharmacokinetics were independent of dose (over a range of 3-600 mg/kg) and independent of dosing mode (i.e., i.p. bolus vs. i.p. infusion). However, @entity1500 -induced @entity137 was shown to be highly dependent on the dosing protocol used. For example, the maximally tolerated dose (i.e., the dose related to a mean body weight loss of 10%) was 200-fold greater after bolus administration relative to that observed for 72-h infusion (760 mg/kg vs. 3.8 mg/kg). This profound protocol dependence in the relationship between @entity1500 -induced @entity137 and @entity1500 exposure was characterized through the use of a time-dissociated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model (median prediction error: 3.9%).

title: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of @entity1499 -induced XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The prediction of chemotherapeutic efficacy is complicated by "protocol dependencies" in dose-effect and dose- @entity137 relationships. It has been proposed that pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic mathematical models may allow characterization of chemotherapeutic protocol dependencies, and may facilitate the prediction of chemotherapeutic efficacy; however, few demonstrations exist in the literature. The present study examines the pharmacokinetics and toxicodynamics of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), a commonly used anticancer agent, after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to @entity19 . @entity1500 was administered via bolus or infusion (24, 72, and 168 h), at doses of 2.5-1000 mg/kg. @entity1500 plasma and peritoneal pharmacokinetics were characterized through standard noncompartmental and compartmental techniques. Body weight loss was used as a measure of @entity1500 -induced @entity137 . We found that @entity1500 pharmacokinetics were independent of dose (over a range of 3-600 mg/kg) and independent of dosing mode (i.e., i.p. bolus vs. i.p. infusion). However, @entity1500 -induced @entity137 was shown to be highly dependent on the dosing protocol used. For example, the maximally tolerated dose (i.e., the dose related to a mean body weight loss of 10%) was 200-fold greater after bolus administration relative to that observed for 72-h infusion (760 mg/kg vs. 3.8 mg/kg). This profound protocol dependence in the relationship between @entity1500 -induced @entity137 and @entity1500 exposure was characterized through the use of a time-dissociated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model (median prediction error: 3.9%).

title: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of XXXX -induced @entity137 in @entity19 .

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: The prediction of chemotherapeutic efficacy is complicated by "protocol dependencies" in dose-effect and dose- @entity137 relationships. It has been proposed that pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic mathematical models may allow characterization of chemotherapeutic protocol dependencies, and may facilitate the prediction of chemotherapeutic efficacy; however, few demonstrations exist in the literature. The present study examines the pharmacokinetics and toxicodynamics of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), a commonly used anticancer agent, after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to @entity19 . @entity1500 was administered via bolus or infusion (24, 72, and 168 h), at doses of 2.5-1000 mg/kg. @entity1500 plasma and peritoneal pharmacokinetics were characterized through standard noncompartmental and compartmental techniques. Body weight loss was used as a measure of @entity1500 -induced @entity137 . We found that @entity1500 pharmacokinetics were independent of dose (over a range of 3-600 mg/kg) and independent of dosing mode (i.e., i.p. bolus vs. i.p. infusion). However, @entity1500 -induced @entity137 was shown to be highly dependent on the dosing protocol used. For example, the maximally tolerated dose (i.e., the dose related to a mean body weight loss of 10%) was 200-fold greater after bolus administration relative to that observed for 72-h infusion (760 mg/kg vs. 3.8 mg/kg). This profound protocol dependence in the relationship between @entity1500 -induced @entity137 and @entity1500 exposure was characterized through the use of a time-dissociated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model (median prediction error: 3.9%).

title: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of @entity1499 -induced @entity137 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the bioavailability of cogranulated and oven-dried @entity5018 ( @entity12690 ) and @entity11151 ( @entity19987 ), in comparison to a physical mixture, and to examine the effect of endogenous bile on the bioavailability of the drug. In vitro dissolution studies were performed using USP type 2 apparatus. The granules and physical mixture were administered perorally in a crossover fashion, to male @entity35 bile duct-nonligated @entity35 . The granules were also perorally administered to bile duct-ligated @entity35 . Blood samples were taken at different time intervals and the plasma analyzed for @entity12690 . Dissolution of granules was faster than the physical mixture due to faster @entity12690 - @entity19987 complex formation in solution from the former than the latter. The in vivo study showed that C(max), AUC(0-8), and the absolute bioavailability for the granules (49.0 microg/mL, 57.0 h x microg/mL and 80.6%, respectively) were almost one and half times that of the physical mixture (32.2 microg/mL, 38.4 h x microg/mL and 53.1%, respectively). However, in bile duct-ligated @entity35 , lower C(max) and AUC(0-8) (15.9 microg/mL and 14.4 h x microg/mL, respectively) were obtained for the granules. Phase solubility study of @entity12690 in an aqueous @entity19987 solution in the presence of the @entity6741 ( @entity658 ), showed an increase in the solubility of @entity12690 . Moreover, the stability constant value for the @entity12690 - @entity19987 complex was also found to decrease as the @entity658 concentration increased. These results indicated that the enhancement in the bioavailability of @entity12690 was due to faster in-solution complex formation, and micelllar solubilization by the @entity6741 .

title: Enhanced bioavailability of process-induced fast-dissolving XXXX cogranulated with @entity11151 .

entities_list: @entity658 :: ('MESH:D020358', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cholate']

entities_list: @entity11151 :: ('MESH:C031215', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-cyclodextrin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the bioavailability of cogranulated and oven-dried @entity5018 ( @entity12690 ) and @entity11151 ( @entity19987 ), in comparison to a physical mixture, and to examine the effect of endogenous bile on the bioavailability of the drug. In vitro dissolution studies were performed using USP type 2 apparatus. The granules and physical mixture were administered perorally in a crossover fashion, to male @entity35 bile duct-nonligated @entity35 . The granules were also perorally administered to bile duct-ligated @entity35 . Blood samples were taken at different time intervals and the plasma analyzed for @entity12690 . Dissolution of granules was faster than the physical mixture due to faster @entity12690 - @entity19987 complex formation in solution from the former than the latter. The in vivo study showed that C(max), AUC(0-8), and the absolute bioavailability for the granules (49.0 microg/mL, 57.0 h x microg/mL and 80.6%, respectively) were almost one and half times that of the physical mixture (32.2 microg/mL, 38.4 h x microg/mL and 53.1%, respectively). However, in bile duct-ligated @entity35 , lower C(max) and AUC(0-8) (15.9 microg/mL and 14.4 h x microg/mL, respectively) were obtained for the granules. Phase solubility study of @entity12690 in an aqueous @entity19987 solution in the presence of the @entity6741 ( @entity658 ), showed an increase in the solubility of @entity12690 . Moreover, the stability constant value for the @entity12690 - @entity19987 complex was also found to decrease as the @entity658 concentration increased. These results indicated that the enhancement in the bioavailability of @entity12690 was due to faster in-solution complex formation, and micelllar solubilization by the @entity6741 .

title: Enhanced bioavailability of process-induced fast-dissolving @entity5018 cogranulated with XXXX .

answer: @entity11151 :: (MESH:C031215,Chemical) :: ['beta-cyclodextrin']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 survivors on aromatase inhibitors (AI) often experience side effects of joint @entity158 , @entity2693 , or achiness ( @entity4841 ). This study presents findings from a qualitative study of survivors on an AI regarding their knowledge of potential joint @entity158 side effects and how both AI side effects and their management through moderate physical activity could be discussed during routine visits with their oncology provider. METHODS: Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews were content analyzed for emergent themes. Descriptive statistics summarize sample characteristics. RESULTS: Our sample included 36 survivors, mean age of 67 (range 46-87); 86  % Caucasian and 70  % had education beyond high school. AI experience are as follows: 64  % @entity13558 / @entity13558 , 48  % @entity4672 /Femara, and 31  % @entity17082 / @entity17082 . @entity1 expressed interest in having more information about potential joint @entity158 side effects when the AI was prescribed so they could understand their joint symptoms when they appeared or intensified. They were relieved to learn that their joint symptoms were not unusual or "in their head." @entity1 would have been especially motivated to try walking as a way to manage their joint @entity158 if physical activity had been recommended by their oncologist. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 survivors who are prescribed an AI as part of their adjuvant treatment want ongoing communication with their oncology provider about the potential for joint @entity158 side effects and how these symptoms may be managed through regular physical activity. The prescription of an AI presents a "teachable moment" for oncologists to recommend and encourage their @entity1 to engage in regular physical activity.

title: Aromatase inhibitor associated XXXX : the importance of oncology provider- @entity1 communication about side effects and potential management through physical activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['Aromasin', 'exemestane']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole', 'Arimidex']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity4841 :: (MESH:D018771,Disease) :: ['arthralgia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 survivors on aromatase inhibitors (AI) often experience side effects of joint @entity158 , @entity2693 , or achiness ( @entity4841 ). This study presents findings from a qualitative study of survivors on an AI regarding their knowledge of potential joint @entity158 side effects and how both AI side effects and their management through moderate physical activity could be discussed during routine visits with their oncology provider. METHODS: Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews were content analyzed for emergent themes. Descriptive statistics summarize sample characteristics. RESULTS: Our sample included 36 survivors, mean age of 67 (range 46-87); 86  % Caucasian and 70  % had education beyond high school. AI experience are as follows: 64  % @entity13558 / @entity13558 , 48  % @entity4672 /Femara, and 31  % @entity17082 / @entity17082 . @entity1 expressed interest in having more information about potential joint @entity158 side effects when the AI was prescribed so they could understand their joint symptoms when they appeared or intensified. They were relieved to learn that their joint symptoms were not unusual or "in their head." @entity1 would have been especially motivated to try walking as a way to manage their joint @entity158 if physical activity had been recommended by their oncologist. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 survivors who are prescribed an AI as part of their adjuvant treatment want ongoing communication with their oncology provider about the potential for joint @entity158 side effects and how these symptoms may be managed through regular physical activity. The prescription of an AI presents a "teachable moment" for oncologists to recommend and encourage their @entity1 to engage in regular physical activity.

title: Aromatase inhibitor associated @entity4841 : the importance of oncology provider- XXXX communication about side effects and potential management through physical activity.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity1582 is traditionally thought of as a disease of plasma cells. Evidence from studies using antiodiotype antibodies, however, suggests that malignant events may take place in a precursor lymphocyte perhaps as early as the pre-B cell. In this study, we present cytogenetic evidence to support the latter view. Peripheral blood was obtained from a @entity1 with @entity9865 and @entity66 . Karyotypic analysis, using Giemsa banding techniques, showed an abnormal karyotype: 44,XY,-6,-8,-13,-16,-22,+mar1,+ mar2,+mar3,del(1)(p22,p32),11p+,13q+,14q+. A suspension culture was established and a plasma cell line was grown. It was characterized by transmission electron microscopy as having an eccentric nucleus, abundant cytoplasm, and extensive endoplasmic reticulum. A subculture of this line was subsequently grown that was characterized by transmission electron microscopy as a lymphoid cell with diminished quantity of cytoplasm without extensive endoplasmic reticulum. Karyotypic analysis of the smaller cell demonstrated a modal number of 88 chromosomes and was a tetraploid derivative of the first. Our study provides cytogenetic evidence that cells with a lymphocytic phenotype show karyotypic abnormalities seen in the malignant plasma cell of the same @entity1 , and thus, can be considered as evidence favoring the initiating cell of plasma cell @entity1582 as being an early B lymphocyte.

title: Cytogenetic evidence that the malignant event in multiple XXXX occurs in a precursor lymphocyte.

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity9865 :: ('MESH:D007952', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['light chain disease']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess MR imaging findings and clinical manifestations of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our experience with diffuse @entity157 from November 1994 to October 2001. MR imaging findings and clinical features were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-two consecutive @entity1 with diffuse-type @entity157 (19 @entity1 and three @entity1 , age range 16-80 years [mean, 52 years]) were identified in a review of liver MR studies. This represented 13% of all @entity1 with @entity157 imaged during this time period. Diffuse @entity157 showed a permeative, infiltrative pattern with ill-defined borders and no evidence of convex margination in all cases. At least 50% of the liver volume was involved with @entity5 . @entity157 showed hypointensity in 15 @entity1 , mixed intensity in three, and isointensity in four on T1-weighted images; heterogeneous hyperintensity in 16 @entity1 ; and homogeneous hyperintensity in six on T2-weighted MR images. @entity157 showed patchy enhancement in 12 @entity1 , miliary enhancement in nine, and minimal enhancement in one on postcontrast early-phase images, and showed heterogeneous wash-out in all @entity1 on postcontrast late-phase images. Proximal portal venous @entity5 @entity715 was seen in all patients. Serum @entity160 ( @entity160 ) value was elevated (>10 ng/mL) in 14 of 18 @entity1 , and 13 showed a value greater than 500 ng/mL. The four @entity1 who did not have elevated @entity160 had @entity5 which were indistinguishable from those in @entity1 with elevated @entity160 ; they also did not have a distinctive clinical history. CONCLUSION: @entity157 was typically seen as an extensive, heterogeneous permeative @entity99 , with portal venous @entity5 @entity715 on MR images in all cases. Early enhancement, observed as patchy in 12 and miliary in nine of 22 @entity1 , was a distinctive imaging feature. Elevated serum @entity160 value was a common finding; however, 22% had normal values.

title: XXXX of diffuse type: MR imaging findings and clinical manifestations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse-type HCC', 'HCC', 'diffuse-type hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The development of the iliac bones and lower limbs are parallel processes depending on the normal ontogeny of the caudal blastema [O'Rahilly and M  ller, 1989; Opitz, 1993; Opitz et al., 2000]. We hypothesized that the pathogenetic mechanisms leading to fused lower limbs would in parallel displace the ilia caudally and medially and that the degree of this displacement might correlate with the severity of the iliac and lower @entity4218 . Thus the purpose of the study was to test this hypothesis in a sample of 12 sirenomelic fetuses. The fetuses GA 16-39 weeks, spontaneously or therapeutically aborted, were radiographed in the frontal projection as part of a requested autopsy. From each radiograph, a line was drawn connecting the most cranial part or the two ilia. After that the distance was measured vertically between this line and the most cranial part of the first sacral vertebral body ( @entity1029 ( @entity1029 )). A second distance was measured horizontally between the most lateral part of the two iliae (bi-iliac distance (BD)). As a result, @entity1029 correlates with the iliac/femur phenotype. Separate ilia and femora occur only in cases with normal @entity1029 . Fused ilia or femora or both are seen only in fetuses with mildly increased @entity1029 , whereas a single iliac bone and femur occur only in cases with greatly increased @entity1029 . The increase of the @entity1029 does not correlate with the severity of more distal limb involvement. There was a correlation between the @entity1029 and the BD values; the higher the @entity1029 , the shorter the BD. Based on these findings, we propose an extended classification of @entity4219 to be tested by other researchers.

title: XXXX sequence according to the distance between the first sacral vertebra and the ilia.

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['ISD', 'iliac-sacral distance']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb defects']

entities_list: @entity4219 :: ('MESH:D004480', 'Disease') :: ['Sirenomelia']

answer: @entity4219 :: (MESH:D004480,Disease) :: ['Sirenomelia']


abstract: @entity370 is a @entity738 of unknown origin characterized by the trend to spontaneous remission in the great number of the @entity1 . Some @entity1 require treatment with @entity288 , which have significant @entity137 . The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic role of many different parameters in the @entity1 with @entity370 . 162 @entity370 @entity1 were introduced to prospective study: 22 @entity1 were treated because of deterioration in lung function or serious ocular disease and 140 were observed without therapy for two years. We assessed the age, sex, symptoms, serum activity of @entity1289 (SACE), hypercalcaemia, @entity5200 , @entity381 and HRCT findings at the time of diagnosis. We analyzed the frequency of spontaneous remission of @entity370 in the untreated @entity1 . We investigated correlation between these parameters and remission. Statistical comparisons were made with chi-square test. We also applied the k nearest neighbor (k-NN) rule and the leave one out method adopted from the statistical pattern recognition theory. From many different parameters only acute symptoms ( @entity5406 , @entity221 , @entity625 ) and serum activity of ACE might be helpful in predicting prognosis in the @entity1 with stage I of disease. The @entity1 's age at onset less than 36 years, the appearance of @entity5406 and ground-glass opacities on HRCT scans portend an excellent prognosis in the @entity1 with stage II of disease.

title: [Prognostic value of some clinical, radiological, laboratory and functional parameters in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous disease']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 in pregnancy (NVP) and @entity7494 gravidarum (HG) have a significant impact on quality of life. Medication to relieve symptoms of NVP and HG are available but pregnant @entity1 and their caregivers have been concerned about the teratogenic effect, side effects and poor efficacy. The aim of this review was to investigate if there is any clinical evidence for the efficacy of acustimulation in the treatment of NVP or HG. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including both English and Chinese databases was conducted to assess the efficacy of various techniques of acustimulation for NVP and HG. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane's risks of bias tool. Revised STRICTA (2010) criteria were used to appraise acustimulation procedures. Pooled relative risks (RRp) and @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) with 95  % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from the data provided by the investigators of the original trials. RESULTS: Twenty-nine trials including 3519 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty trials could be included in statistical pooling. The overall effect of different acustimulation techniques shows a significant reduction for the combined outcome for NVP or HG in pregnancy as a dichotomous variable ( @entity19107 .73, 95  % CI 1.43 to 2.08). Studies with continuous outcome measures for @entity390 , @entity391 and the combined outcome did not show any evidence for relieving symptoms of NVP and HG ( @entity5494 -0.12, 95  % CI -0.35 to 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: Although there is some evidence for an effect of acustimulation on @entity390 and @entity391 or @entity7494 in pregnancy, results are not conclusive. Future clinical trials with a rigorous design and large sample sizes should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these interventions for NVP and HG.

title: Effect of acustimulation on @entity390 and XXXX and on @entity7494 in pregnancy: a systematic review of Western and Chinese literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['SMD', 'standard mean deviations']

entities_list: @entity7494 :: ('MESH:D006939', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemesis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 in pregnancy (NVP) and @entity7494 gravidarum (HG) have a significant impact on quality of life. Medication to relieve symptoms of NVP and HG are available but pregnant @entity1 and their caregivers have been concerned about the teratogenic effect, side effects and poor efficacy. The aim of this review was to investigate if there is any clinical evidence for the efficacy of acustimulation in the treatment of NVP or HG. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including both English and Chinese databases was conducted to assess the efficacy of various techniques of acustimulation for NVP and HG. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane's risks of bias tool. Revised STRICTA (2010) criteria were used to appraise acustimulation procedures. Pooled relative risks (RRp) and @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) with 95  % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from the data provided by the investigators of the original trials. RESULTS: Twenty-nine trials including 3519 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty trials could be included in statistical pooling. The overall effect of different acustimulation techniques shows a significant reduction for the combined outcome for NVP or HG in pregnancy as a dichotomous variable ( @entity19107 .73, 95  % CI 1.43 to 2.08). Studies with continuous outcome measures for @entity390 , @entity391 and the combined outcome did not show any evidence for relieving symptoms of NVP and HG ( @entity5494 -0.12, 95  % CI -0.35 to 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: Although there is some evidence for an effect of acustimulation on @entity390 and @entity391 or @entity7494 in pregnancy, results are not conclusive. Future clinical trials with a rigorous design and large sample sizes should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these interventions for NVP and HG.

title: Effect of acustimulation on XXXX and @entity391 and on @entity7494 in pregnancy: a systematic review of Western and Chinese literature.

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 in pregnancy (NVP) and @entity7494 gravidarum (HG) have a significant impact on quality of life. Medication to relieve symptoms of NVP and HG are available but pregnant @entity1 and their caregivers have been concerned about the teratogenic effect, side effects and poor efficacy. The aim of this review was to investigate if there is any clinical evidence for the efficacy of acustimulation in the treatment of NVP or HG. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including both English and Chinese databases was conducted to assess the efficacy of various techniques of acustimulation for NVP and HG. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane's risks of bias tool. Revised STRICTA (2010) criteria were used to appraise acustimulation procedures. Pooled relative risks (RRp) and @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) with 95  % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from the data provided by the investigators of the original trials. RESULTS: Twenty-nine trials including 3519 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty trials could be included in statistical pooling. The overall effect of different acustimulation techniques shows a significant reduction for the combined outcome for NVP or HG in pregnancy as a dichotomous variable ( @entity19107 .73, 95  % CI 1.43 to 2.08). Studies with continuous outcome measures for @entity390 , @entity391 and the combined outcome did not show any evidence for relieving symptoms of NVP and HG ( @entity5494 -0.12, 95  % CI -0.35 to 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: Although there is some evidence for an effect of acustimulation on @entity390 and @entity391 or @entity7494 in pregnancy, results are not conclusive. Future clinical trials with a rigorous design and large sample sizes should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these interventions for NVP and HG.

title: Effect of acustimulation on @entity390 and @entity391 and on XXXX in pregnancy: a systematic review of Western and Chinese literature.

answer: @entity7494 :: (MESH:D006939,Disease) :: ['hyperemesis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The biosynthetic pathway for hyaluronic acid (HA) has been proposed; however, a thorough genetic and functional analysis is required to further elucidate the roles of genes involved in HA production. Previously, we developed a markerless gene-deletion system for @entity11674 and confirmed that hasA is essential for HA synthesis. Here, we constructed a comprehensive set of deletion mutants and investigated the roles of ten additional predicted genes in the HA synthetic pathway. Phenotypic assays revealed that all ten genes play a role in cell growth and/or HA synthesis. As expected, the deletion of hasA or hasB abolished HA production with little effect on growth, while the deletion of genes that are also required for peptidoglycan biosynthesis (hasE, glmM, and glmS) significantly reduced cell growth and HA production. Either of the glmU homologues (hasD and gcaD) was sufficient for optimal growth and the mucoid phenotype, while no double mutant could be isolated. Of the two @entity858 - @entity413 pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) paralogues, the operon-encoded hasC1 was responsible for 65  % of the activity, while hasC2 was responsible for the remaining 35  %. The deletion of hasC1 had no effect on cell growth and caused only a moderate decrease in the @entity858 - @entity413 level and HA production. The deletion of both hasC1 and hasC2 resulted in a severe growth defect and negligible @entity858 - @entity413 accumulation, HA production, and pyrophosphorylase activity. Of the two phosphoglucomutase paralogues, pgm1 and pgm2, the former is responsible for around 10  % of activity, while the latter is responsible for 90  %. The deletion of pgm1 showed no apparent effect on HA synthesis and growth, while the deletion of pgm2 resulted in the abolishment of HA synthesis and a significantly slower growth. These results should guide the metabolic engineering of @entity11674 to improve HA productivity and quality.

title: Genetic and biochemical characterization of genes involved in hyaluronic acid synthesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11674 :: ('40041', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus zooepidemicus', 'S. zooepidemicus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity11674 :: (40041,Species) :: ['Streptococcus zooepidemicus']


abstract: Newer varieties of occupational @entity358 primarily due to the vast increase in industrial technology have been reported recently. Preeminent among such newer agents are @entity7398 (VC) and @entity2634 . Very few cases have been reported, in Europe only, with descriptive histopathologic changes. To our knowledge, no pathologic studies of VC exposure have been described in the American literature. The biopsy abnormalities in our @entity1 disclosed desquamation of alveolar macrophages into the alveolar lumina and minor interstitial and alveolar inflammatory changes. Pulmonary function abnormalities included @entity1887 . Preventive therapy consists of the avoidance of further exposures, frequent industrial hygiene monitoring, and total avoidance of @entity286 smoke, as well as associated atmospheric pollutants. Thus far, none of these @entity1 has exhibited evidence of @entity2 . All three @entity1 survived their occupational injuries, and two are still disabled to varying degrees. Urine and blood levels of @entity5244 derivatives were elevated in two @entity1 , the exact significance of which is not fully known. It probably represents a toxicologic response, but must be further pursued before conclusions can be reached.

title: Pulmonary manifestations of vinyl and XXXX (interstitial lung disease). Newer aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7398 :: ('MESH:D014752', 'Chemical') :: ['vinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5244 :: ('MESH:C032279', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalic acid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

answer: @entity2634 :: (MESH:D011143,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl chloride']


abstract: For rehabilitation training it is recommended that the intensity of exercise should be clearly below the individual anaerobic threshold (IAT). We investigated @entity1003 , particularly endogenous @entity556 potential (ETP) and fibrinolysis following a standardized treadmill (TR) ergometer test at 90% IAT for 60-120 min. Sixteen healthy male non-smokers underwent the TR test. Blood samples were taken after a 30-min rest, immediately after exercise, and 2 h after exercise completion. Extrinsic and intrinsic total ( @entity2106 (ex+in)) and endogenous (ETP(ex+in)) @entity556 potential, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), @entity556 -antithrombin complex (TAT), plasmin-alpha2-antiplasmin complex (PAP), D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator antigen and activity (tPA-AG and tPA-ACT) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen and activity ( @entity2289 -AG and @entity2289 -ACT) were measured. Immediately after TR, F1+2, TAT and @entity2106 (ex+in) were increased ( P<0.05) while ETP(ex+in) remained unchanged. In contrast, @entity2786 , D-dimer, tPA-AG, tPA-ACT ( P<0.05) were distinctly enhanced while @entity2289 -ACT was decreased ( P<0.05) immediately after exercise. The changes in tPA-AG, tPA-ACT, and @entity2289 -ACT were reversed to nearly baseline while the enhancement in PAP and D-dimer was prolonged by more than 2 h after exercise. Long-duration exercise between 60 and 120 min controlled by IAT (90%) on a TR ergometer only implicates a small increase in @entity556 generation markers and total (free and alpha(2)-macroglubulin-bound @entity556 ), but not in endogenous (free) @entity556 potential alone. In contrast, fibrinolysis is distinctly increased after this type of exercise. Endurance exercise with an intensity below 90% IAT and a duration below 2 h generates a more favourable condition for fibrinolysis than for @entity1003 in healthy young subjects. Data are given as mean (SD).

title: XXXX and fibrinolysis after long-duration treadmill exercise controlled by individual anaerobic threshold.

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['Blood coagulation']


abstract: By means of a cytological technique involving @entity1603 , @entity9186 , and fluorescence microscopy, the asynchronously replicating, hence genetically inactivated, X chromosome was identified in 6- to 8-day embryos from female @entity19 heterozygous for Searle's translocation T(X;16)16H (abbreviated as @entity72835 ) mated with either karyotypically normal males or males carrying Cattanach's translocation T(X;7)1Ct in order to analyse the way in which the total inactivation of the normal X is achieved in adult @entity72835 heterozygotes. Embryos examined included 9 Xn/X(7);16/16, 3 X 16/Xn;16x/16, 12 @entity72836 /X(7); 16x/16, 5 @entity72836 /Xn;16/16, 8 @entity72836 /X(7); 16/16 and 2 Xn/Y; 16x/16/16. In these notations @entity72836 , 16x, X(7) and Xn represent Searle's X with the centromeric segment of the X, Searle's X with the centomeric segment of chromosome 16, Cattanach's X with insertion of a chromosome 7 segment, and normal X, respectively. The X(7) exerted no apparent effect upon embryonic development up to the 8th day of gestation and X chromosome inactivation. -- The asynchronously replicating X was the Xn in @entity72836 /Xn;16x/16 and X(7) in @entity72836 /X(7);16x/16 embryos except a small number of cells on day 6 (13/493) and on day 7 (1/886) in which almost the entire 16x replicated asynchronously. The @entity72836 , on the other hand, never showed replication asynchrony. That the @entity72836 is indeed unable to become inactivated was indicated by the observation that the @entity72836 as well as Xn or X(7) did not replicate asynchronously in Xn/ @entity72836 ;16/16 and @entity72836 /X(7);16/16 embryos @entity72836 -inactive cell lines, if occurring, should have been genetically less unbalanced than any other cell line in such embryos. It is highly likely therefore that the ultimate inactivation pattern in @entity72835 heterozygotes has been accomplished by (1) the inability of the @entity72836 to become inactive; (2) inactivation in favor of the Xn; and (3) rapid elimination of 16x-inactive cells. Severe growth retardatin and early death of @entity72836 /Xn;16/16 and @entity72836 /X(7);16/16 embryos having no inactive X suggested that functional X disomy is detrimental to embryogenesis. These embryos further indicated that the concurrence of at least two X chromosomal loci separated by the @entity72835 breakpoint is necessary for the homologous X chromosome becoming inactivated.

title: Primary and secondary nonrandom X chromosome inactivation in early female XXXX embryos carrying Searle's translocation T(X; 16)16H.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['5-bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity72835 :: ('p|SUB|T|16|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T16H']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['acridine orange']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIM: Evaluation of effect on tolerance of topical pharyngeal anaesthesia with a @entity3303 spray in esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), and possible secondary factors that could influence it. METHODS: A prospective, experimental, randomized, open-label study was performed in our Endoscopy Unit during January 2010. Outpatients (109) were recruited prospectively and randomized between two groups: L group (52), who received @entity3303 (50 mg Xilonibsa 10% before examination), and C group (57) who did not. Sedated @entity1 were not included in this study. Age, sex, Mallampati index (lower I and II; higher III and IV), endoscopist, complications and score (0-100; visual analogue scale) was recorded after each EGD. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between the two groups as regards @entity1 tolerance. However in stratified analysis the application of @entity3303 modified the results in two out of the six endoscopists and improved the scores in @entity1 with a higher Mallampati Index (L group 61.8    24 and C group 47.7    32). Significant differences were also observed in the scores on @entity1 tolerance between the endoscopist (operator dependent factor), regardless of the use of topical pharyngeal anaesthesia or not. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic use of @entity3303 in EGD is safe but does not improve the tolerance in all outpatients. Only the Mallampati index has been identified as a prognosis factor of good response to @entity3303 administration. Additionally the nursing-endoscopist could be a very important factor in the scores obtained independently of @entity3303 .

title: [Use of topical pharyngeal anaesthesia in esophagogastroduodenoscopy in unsedated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Endoscopic electrocoagulation with a liquid monopolar probe was exclusively attempted in 77 @entity1 with major @entity548 from peptic @entity1066 assessed as requiring emergency surgery. Endoscopy failed to control @entity548 in 14 @entity1 (18%), who proceeded directly to surgery. Initial endoscopic hemostasis was obtained in 63 @entity1 , but @entity548 recurred in 18 (29%). Rebleeding required surgery in 11 @entity1 and another @entity1 died prior to surgery. Permanent endoscopic control was achieved in 51 @entity1 (66%). Without difference in transfusion requirement, endoscopy was most likely to succeed in @entity1 with superficial acute @entity1066 , onset of @entity548 in hospital, @entity2275 , no earlier history of @entity2210 and in @entity1 with previous @entity1066 surgery. Endoscopy was less likely to succeed in @entity1 with @entity4773 , though it controlled major @entity548 in more than half of such @entity1 . Profuse @entity548 , and in particular poor access in a narrowed duodenal bulb, were important determinants of endoscopic failure. Of the @entity1 with permanent endoscopic hemostasis, 8% subsequently underwent elective @entity1066 surgery. Endoscopic electrocoagulation is safe and has potential to control major @entity548 , obviating emergency surgery, in two-thirds of the cases. As the less invasive method, endoscopy should be attempted before surgery, particularly in @entity1 regarded as poor surgical risks or with no history of @entity2210 .

title: Endoscopic electrocoagulation of major @entity548 from peptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['chronic duodenal ulcer or earlier dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: Endoscopic electrocoagulation with a liquid monopolar probe was exclusively attempted in 77 @entity1 with major @entity548 from peptic @entity1066 assessed as requiring emergency surgery. Endoscopy failed to control @entity548 in 14 @entity1 (18%), who proceeded directly to surgery. Initial endoscopic hemostasis was obtained in 63 @entity1 , but @entity548 recurred in 18 (29%). Rebleeding required surgery in 11 @entity1 and another @entity1 died prior to surgery. Permanent endoscopic control was achieved in 51 @entity1 (66%). Without difference in transfusion requirement, endoscopy was most likely to succeed in @entity1 with superficial acute @entity1066 , onset of @entity548 in hospital, @entity2275 , no earlier history of @entity2210 and in @entity1 with previous @entity1066 surgery. Endoscopy was less likely to succeed in @entity1 with @entity4773 , though it controlled major @entity548 in more than half of such @entity1 . Profuse @entity548 , and in particular poor access in a narrowed duodenal bulb, were important determinants of endoscopic failure. Of the @entity1 with permanent endoscopic hemostasis, 8% subsequently underwent elective @entity1066 surgery. Endoscopic electrocoagulation is safe and has potential to control major @entity548 , obviating emergency surgery, in two-thirds of the cases. As the less invasive method, endoscopy should be attempted before surgery, particularly in @entity1 regarded as poor surgical risks or with no history of @entity2210 .

title: Endoscopic electrocoagulation of major XXXX from peptic @entity1066 .

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Histochemical staining for three hydrolytic enzymes were performed in 35 @entity5 and 43 soft tissue @entity5 , malignant as well as benign. @entity421 , intra-osseous as well as extra-osseous, revealed characteristic rich staining for alkaline phosphatase, no matter how dedifferentiated the @entity5 was. Haemangioendothelioma (and normal endothelium), too, showed strong reaction for alkaline phosphatase whereas haemangiopericytoma did not. Alkaline phosphatase furthermore was found in slight to moderate amounts in fibrous proliferations. All other @entity5 examined were negative. Acid phosphatase was found in almost every @entity5 investigated except @entity2828 and @entity81 . However, high activity was characteristic of @entity5 and @entity1418 . The inhibition of acid phosphatase by tartrate was complete except in @entity421 and @entity5 , where only a partial inhibition was seen. There were non-specific esterase reactions in a variety of @entity5 , but very strong reactions were characteristic of @entity1418 and @entity5 . The reaction could be completely inhibited by the addition of @entity1388 . In an era of increasing application of immunohistologic techniques in surgical pathology it might be of value to remember that simple enzyme histochemical stainings may provide helpful diagnostic features in the classification of @entity2721 .

title: Enzyme histochemical investigations on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumours', 'bone tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bone and soft tissue tumours']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['chondromyxoid fibroma']

answer: @entity2721 :: (MESH:D018213,Disease) :: ['bone and soft tissue tumours']


abstract: This study describes the results of @entity3693 testing in 100 consecutive @entity1 who underwent this procedure in a coronary care unit. All @entity1 had recently undergone coronary arteriography. A bolus injection of @entity3693 was administered at 5 minute intervals in the following doses (mg): 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4. The criterion for a positive test was the appearance of S-T elevation greater than 1 mm. The test was positive in all 17 @entity1 known to have @entity5968 and in 18 (40 percent) of 45 @entity1 who had a history of @entity662 judged strongly suggestive of @entity5968 but who had no electrocardiogram recorded during @entity158 . Of 38 @entity1 with a history of @entity662 classified as not entirely typical of @entity5968 , only 1 (2.6 percent) had a positive test. Of the 64 @entity1 with a negative @entity3693 test, 47 had @entity662 and 25 had @entity390 but none had more serious complications. @entity943 accompanied S-T elevation in 18 of the 36 @entity1 with a positive test but occurred in only 4 of the 64 with a negative test (p < 0.0005). No @entity1 needed treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. Four of the 36 @entity1 with a positive test had serious complications: severe transient @entity551 (2 @entity1 ), recurrent episodes of angina with S-T elevation (1 @entity1 ) and a @entity1188 (1 @entity1 ). Thus, @entity3693 testing is useful in @entity1 with a typical clinical history of @entity5968 but without an electrocardiogram recorded during @entity158 . In this study, a small but definite incidence of serious complications occurred during a positive test.

title: XXXX testing in a coronary care unit.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity5968 :: ('MESH:D000788', 'Disease') :: ['variant angina']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity3693 :: ('MESH:D004874', 'Chemical') :: ['ergonovine']

answer: @entity3693 :: (MESH:D004874,Chemical) :: ['Ergonovine']


abstract: An open study of @entity52125 has been achieved in a @entity146 unit. The drug has been prescribed to 36 @entity1 , all comers, half of them aged 60. Out of them 28 are affected by a @entity308 , six by a @entity308 . In terms of the importance of the @entity308 signs, medium posologies (300 mg a day) or strong ones (600 mg a day) are used. The total result is excellent or good in 65% of the cases: it becomes evident in more than one case out of two during the first week. To get it the treatment must absolutely be extended and process to higher posologies may be necessary. @entity4696 and the @entity308 phase of chronic @entity716 constitute the best terms of @entity52125 . Hypnotics have to be associated but systematic prescription of @entity148 relieving is to be avoided. Tolerance is satisfactory in three cases out of four and the drug is free from the clinical counter-indications belonging to anti-depressants. This allows us to prescribe it to old age in high posologies without any harm.

title: [Clinical study of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'neurotic depression', 'psychotic depression']

entities_list: @entity52125 :: ('MESH:D014745', 'Chemical') :: ['viloxazine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity4696 :: ('MESH:D003865', 'Disease') :: ['Involutional melancholia']

answer: @entity52125 :: (MESH:D014745,Chemical) :: ['viloxazine']


abstract: From a symptom-limited bicycle exercise test 3 wk after acute @entity583 is 205 @entity1 the prognostic significance for the 1-yr prognosis of the following variables was examined by a multivariate analysis (Cox's model): reasons for stopping, duration of work, maximal heart rate, maximal product heart rate x systolic blood pressure, maximal ST-deviation, time to maximal ST-deviation and @entity1540 (type and frequency). The reason for stopping was fatigue in 59% and @entity951 in 15%. 48% exercised up to 6 min and 14% beyond 12 min with median duration of 7 min. The maximal heart rate was over 140/min in 30%. ST-deviations were found in 77%; in most @entity1 below 3 mm. 44% had @entity1540 during the exercise. The only significant variable was the duration of of work with prognostic index for the 1-yr prognosis SE: SE = 1.21-0.16 x (duration of work). A probability of survival of over 0.95 after 1 yr required a duration of work over 13 min. The observed deaths were in good accordance with the expected with a little overestimation. 75% died from a definite cardial cause. There is a good predictive value for the 1-yr prognosis of the duration of work from an exercise test 3 wk after AMI.

title: Multivariate long-term prognostic index from exercise ECG after acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopic beats']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity370 is a disease well known to dermatologists because of the frequency of cutaneous involvement. Routine screening is performed for involvement of the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, liver and heart. However, gastro-intestinal @entity370 is both rare and frequently silent, and it thus often goes undiagnosed. We report the case of a Caribbean @entity1 whose cutaneous lesions allowed a posteriori diagnosis to be made of @entity356 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A 45-year-old Caribbean @entity1 consulted for diffuse erythematous or @entity24194 , squamous and follicular micropapular lesions associated with @entity309 . Clinical examination and laboratory data led to a diagnosis of @entity370 . It was later discovered that she had presented @entity158 a few months earlier and that she had undergone gastroscopy and gastric biopsies. Histopathology had revealed non-caseating epithelioid-cell granulomas with giant cells, but no further exams were performed. The @entity1 was diagnosed a posteriori with cutaneous-articular and @entity356 . DISCUSSION: In contrast with hepatic involvement, which is frequent and well-known, @entity370 affecting the gastro-intestinal tract is rare and poorly known. This form of the disease is frequently clinically silent and is thus probably under-reported. The stomach is the site most frequently affected. @entity356 is seen in some 10% of @entity1 with systemic @entity370 and is symptomatic in less than 1% of cases. It is important to diagnose these forms since they may be associated with a certain degree of morbidity.

title: [ @entity356 revealed by cutaneous follicular XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity24194 :: ('MESH:D000747', 'Disease') :: ['hypochromic']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric sarcoidosis', 'gastric sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pains']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous sarcoidosis', 'sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity370 is a disease well known to dermatologists because of the frequency of cutaneous involvement. Routine screening is performed for involvement of the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes, liver and heart. However, gastro-intestinal @entity370 is both rare and frequently silent, and it thus often goes undiagnosed. We report the case of a Caribbean @entity1 whose cutaneous lesions allowed a posteriori diagnosis to be made of @entity356 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A 45-year-old Caribbean @entity1 consulted for diffuse erythematous or @entity24194 , squamous and follicular micropapular lesions associated with @entity309 . Clinical examination and laboratory data led to a diagnosis of @entity370 . It was later discovered that she had presented @entity158 a few months earlier and that she had undergone gastroscopy and gastric biopsies. Histopathology had revealed non-caseating epithelioid-cell granulomas with giant cells, but no further exams were performed. The @entity1 was diagnosed a posteriori with cutaneous-articular and @entity356 . DISCUSSION: In contrast with hepatic involvement, which is frequent and well-known, @entity370 affecting the gastro-intestinal tract is rare and poorly known. This form of the disease is frequently clinically silent and is thus probably under-reported. The stomach is the site most frequently affected. @entity356 is seen in some 10% of @entity1 with systemic @entity370 and is symptomatic in less than 1% of cases. It is important to diagnose these forms since they may be associated with a certain degree of morbidity.

title: [ XXXX revealed by cutaneous follicular @entity370 ].

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have proposed that declines in adaptive capacity, defined as the ability to adapt to multiple stressors, may serve as an indicator of risk for @entity1295 . A comprehensive measure of adaptive capacity does not exist. OBJECTIVES: In this paper we describe construction of an instrument to measure adaptive capacity, the Adaptive Capacity Index (ACI). DESIGN: Descriptive and psychometric. SETTING: Six sites providing palliative care in Western Canada. @entity1 :                 <AbstractText Label="INCLUSION CRITERIA" NlmCategory="METHODS">>= 18 years old, diagnosed with @entity5 , able to read and write English, Mini-Mental Status Exam score >= 22. Pilot study n=48; Main study n=225 stratified using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) tiredness score (>= 0 to  <=2 n=60; >= 3 to  <=6 n=108; >= 7 and  <=10 n=57). METHODS: Following ethics approval, 17 experts in symptom management assisted with content validation and consenting individuals completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue (FACT-F), the Profile of Mood States-Vigor short form (POMS-Vsf), and the ACI. A research assistant collected demographic information and assigned an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (i.e., exploratory factor analyses, correlation, multivariate analyses of variance, and multiple regression). RESULTS: Five 6-item ACI factors/subscales (Cognitive Function, Stamina/Muscle Endurance, Sleep Quality, Emotional Reactivity, and Social Interaction) were identified. The ACI-total scale and its subscales were internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha 0.76-0.89), and were significantly correlated with each other, and with each @entity1295 measure (Pearson's r ranging from -0.724 to 0.634). The ACI total score was sensitive to changes in the ESAS tiredness score. Stamina/Muscle Endurance, Cognitive Function, and Sleep Quality predicted 60.8% of the variance in FACT-F. Stamina/Muscle Endurance and Social Interaction predicted 36.8% of the variance in POMS-Vsf. Stamina/Muscle Endurance and Sleep Quality predicted 8% of the variance in ECOG. CONCLUSIONS: The ACI is reliable and has beginning evidence of validity. In future studies we will examine relationships between ACI subscale scores and subsequent increases in @entity1295 and explore linkages to physiological processes. We will also establish ACI norms for early and late stage @entity5 and explore variations in ACI subscale scores base on age or gender.

title: Development and psychometric testing of the Adaptive Capacity Index, an instrument to measure adaptive capacity in individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer', 'cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity162 ( @entity162 ) often starts in childhood or adolescence. There is considerable scepticism outside the United States over the validity, stability and prevalence of @entity162 in @entity1 and adolescents. Persistence of course lends support to the validity of a diagnosis. OBJECTIVES: To describe the longitudinal course of pediatric @entity162 in a Spanish sample over a median follow-up period of 2.6years and to examine risk factors associated with outcome. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all @entity1 and adolescents (N=38) with DSM-IV-TR @entity162 -I, II and NOS evaluated in the @entity1 and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit, University of Navarra (Pamplona, Spain) from 1999 to 2005. We used the NIMH Lifetime Mood Chart and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale to assess clinical course. RESULTS: 79% (N=30) were @entity1 and 21% (N=8) were @entity1 ; 44.7% (N=17) had @entity162 -I, 5.3% (N=2) @entity162 -II, and 50% (N=19) @entity162 -NOS. Median (inter-quartile range: IQR: Q25; Q75) age at diagnosis was 13.9 (10.64; 15.84). Median follow-up period was 2.6years (0.91; 3.66). Mean percentage of time in an episode was 46.17% (23.36; 75.26), and it was longer in younger @entity1 (p<0.05). 2.6% had rapid cycling. At the end of follow-up, only 47% achieved remission or recovery. Younger @entity1 showed a worse treatment response (p<0.05). We found higher rates of hospitalization in @entity1 with @entity71 (21%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity162 had a chronic course with little interepisodic recovery. @entity162 can be diagnosed in @entity1 using DSM-IV-TR criteria. An early age of onset and @entity71 comorbidity are risk factors for worse prognosis.

title: XXXX in a Spanish sample: results after 2.6years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BD', 'Bipolar disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Pediatric bipolar disorder']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2335 ( @entity2335 ) after pelvic radiotherapy occurs in 2-8% of @entity1 . A variety of treatments have been described, most of them with uncertain results. We assessed the efficacy of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBOT) in @entity2335 cases. @entity1 AND METHODS: retrospective analysis of @entity1 with @entity2335 after pelvic radiotherapy receiving HBOT at our center between January 2002 and January 2010. Our protocol included 40 sessions of HBOT in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber with 90minutes of 100% @entity26 breathing at 2.2 atm. Success was evaluated in terms of total or partial stop of @entity1494 . Telephone follow-up was updated at the time of submission in all cases. RESULTS: twenty-five @entity1 were treated (21 male, 4 female); the mean age was 66.7 years. Twenty @entity1 were irradiated for @entity263 and one for @entity150 . Three @entity1 had @entity5 and one @entity1204 . In all cases previous conservative treatment had failed and HBOT was considered only after other measures failed. All the @entity1 responded to HBOT and none recurred after end of treatment at a mean follow-up of 21.2 months. There were no serious complications. CONCLUSION: HBOT is a highly effective and safe, non-invasive therapy for @entity2335 secondary to pelvic radiation; it should be considered as first line alternative in these difficult cases.

title: [Management of hemorrhagic @entity2335 with hyperbaric XXXX therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervix cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis', 'HC']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2335 ( @entity2335 ) after pelvic radiotherapy occurs in 2-8% of @entity1 . A variety of treatments have been described, most of them with uncertain results. We assessed the efficacy of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBOT) in @entity2335 cases. @entity1 AND METHODS: retrospective analysis of @entity1 with @entity2335 after pelvic radiotherapy receiving HBOT at our center between January 2002 and January 2010. Our protocol included 40 sessions of HBOT in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber with 90minutes of 100% @entity26 breathing at 2.2 atm. Success was evaluated in terms of total or partial stop of @entity1494 . Telephone follow-up was updated at the time of submission in all cases. RESULTS: twenty-five @entity1 were treated (21 male, 4 female); the mean age was 66.7 years. Twenty @entity1 were irradiated for @entity263 and one for @entity150 . Three @entity1 had @entity5 and one @entity1204 . In all cases previous conservative treatment had failed and HBOT was considered only after other measures failed. All the @entity1 responded to HBOT and none recurred after end of treatment at a mean follow-up of 21.2 months. There were no serious complications. CONCLUSION: HBOT is a highly effective and safe, non-invasive therapy for @entity2335 secondary to pelvic radiation; it should be considered as first line alternative in these difficult cases.

title: [Management of hemorrhagic XXXX with hyperbaric @entity26 therapy].

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['radiation cystitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bore morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-b superfamily, a group of secreted proteins that regulate embryonic development. This review summarizes the effects of BMPs on physiological processes not exclusively linked to the musculoskeletal system. Specifically, we focus on the involvement of BMPs in inflammatory disorders, e.g. @entity82 , @entity29 , @entity1511 , @entity309 . Moreover, we discuss the role of BMPs in the context of @entity455 , and explore the role of these signalling proteins in @entity68 homeostasis ( @entity417 , @entity9595 ) and oxidative damage. The second and third parts of this review focus on BMPs in the development of metabolic pathologies such as @entity6 and @entity28 . The pancreatic beta cells are the sole source of the hormone insulin and BMPs have recently been implicated in pancreas development as well as control of adult @entity413 homeostasis. Lastly, we review the recently recognized role of BMPs in brown adipose tissue formation and their consequences for energy expenditure and adiposity. In summary, BMPs play a pivotal role in metabolism beyond their role in skeletal homeostasis. However, increased understanding of these pleiotropic functions also highlights the necessity of tissue-specific strategies when harnessing @entity6861 action as a therapeutic target.

title: Bone morphogenetic proteins in inflammation, XXXX homeostasis and adipose tissue energy metabolism.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type-2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hemochromatosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['anchylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The predictive ability of different mathematical manipulations of condition correction factors in estimating total body clearance of @entity2544 in acutely ill hospitalized @entity1 was evaluated. Fifty acutely ill @entity1 who were treated with constant @entity3416 infusions were evaluated. Twenty-one @entity1 were evaluated prospectively. Initial serum @entity2544 concentrations were ordered, and second concentrations were obtained at steady state. Twenty-nine @entity1 were evaluated retrospectively and were included if two steady-state serum @entity2544 concentrations had been obtained. Each condition correction factor was determined by calculating the predicted normal clearance using a literature-derived clearance value and dividing it into the actual clearance obtained. The FDA condition correction factors were obtained by dividing the @entity2544 dose recommended for @entity1 with a particular disease by the dose recommended for a normal @entity1 . Pearson correlation coefficients for 15 mathematical manipulations were used to examine the relationship between the predicted clearance and actual clearance. The predictability of @entity2544 clearance using the mathematical manipulations decreased as the number of condition correction factors increased. The mean actual clearance for four @entity1 with no condition correction factors was only 2% greater than the mean standard clearance found in a previous study. The use of 0.041 L/hr/kg as a standard clearance appears justified for calculating initial @entity2544 dosages in all @entity1 . @entity1 with only one condition correction factor may use this factor to adjust dosage, but when more than one factor is present, the use of the other manipulations studied may result in either subtherapeutic or toxic serum concentrations.

title: Prediction of XXXX clearance using condition correction factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

answer: @entity2544 :: (MESH:D013806,Chemical) :: ['theophylline']


abstract: A ten-year study of @entity0 has been reviewed in detail. The single most dominant variable was axillary nodal involvement. Four hundred and thirty @entity1 had nodal metastases, 58 @entity1 did not. Four hundred and thirty @entity1 with axillary nodal involvement had fiveand ten-year recurrence rates of 68 and 77%, while the survival rates were 41 and 21%, respectively. Life span was influenced by extent of @entity66 , being best for those with micrometastases only, and worse for those with four or more positive nodes. Skin @entity4 , @entity2617 , or @entity1066 in the positive node group were grave signs. Muscle invasion or node matting, however, did not appear to influence length of life. Postoperative prophylactic therapy did not appear to affect survival rates. Radiation therapy alone did not influence either local recurrence or survival rates. Not enough time has elapsed to evaluate the results of postoperative chemotherapy. @entity1 who underwent oophorectomy and radiation therapy appeared to do better, but the number of @entity1 was small. Of the 58 @entity1 without nodal invasion, 82% were alive at five years and 75% were alive at 10 years. Grave signs did not influence the survival rate in this group. While the majority of @entity1 with @entity5 had unfavorable variables, there were some @entity1 who demonstrated a low recurrence rate and a long survival time. Aggressive treatment should be designed to save those @entity1 who can be helped and to improve those @entity1 whose life expectancy is limited. There is no place for timid initial treatment whether by operation or by irradiation. It must be given with intent to cure even though palliation is most often attained.

title: Stage III XXXX . A detailed analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the breast']


abstract: Twenty-five of the initial computerized tomographic (CT) scans of 63 neonates had " @entity854 . These abnormalities included dilated ventricles, advanced @entity6152 extending beyond the periventricular areas, and varieties of @entity548 . Thirty-six, with otherwise normal intracranial structures, were found to have localized periventricular frontal or frontooccipital areas of low attenuation. These areas were confined to the white matter of the periventricular area and have been identified by others as indicating " @entity5719 ." In follow-up clinical studies on 26 of this latter groups, only two showed @entity16 . Seven CT scans were repeated; only one was abnormal. In this case, the @entity536 had disappeared, but were replaced by mild deep and @entity194 . The @entity1 then showed findings suggesting a mild @entity508 and psychomotor delay. Our findings suggest that periventricular low @entity536 in an otherwise normal CT scan are usually due to incomplete myelination or, at least, a transient abnormality. Periventricular low attenuation cannot be used as a diagnostic sign of @entity5719 , nor does it necessarily suggest an unfavorable prognosis.

title: Periventricular low XXXX : a normal finding in computerized tomographic scans of neonates?

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensities']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic diparesis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['definite" abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuations']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy']

answer: @entity536 :: (MESH:C538265,Disease) :: ['attenuations']


abstract: @entity15513 provided a survival advantage compared with @entity2664 in @entity1 with castration-resistant @entity263 refractory to @entity1205 . Grade 3 to 4 (G3-4) @entity1398 and @entity1398 were relatively frequent in the registrative @entity72837 Plus @entity229 Compared to @entity2664 Plus @entity229 in Hormone Refractory Metastatic @entity263 (TROPIC) trial, but their incidence was lower in the Expanded Access Program (EAP). Although cumulative doses of @entity1205 are associated with @entity16 , the effect of cumulative doses of @entity15513 is unknown. In this retrospective review of prospectively collected data, the authors assessed "per cycle" incidence and predictors of @entity137 in the Italian cohort of the EAP, with a focus on the effect of cumulative doses of @entity15513 .The study population consisted of 218 Italian @entity1 enrolled in the @entity15513 EAP. The influence of selected variables on the most relevant adverse events identified was assessed using a Generalized Estimating Equations model at univariate and multivariate analysis."Per cycle" incidence of G 3 to 4 @entity1398 was 8.7%, whereas @entity1398 was reported in 0.9% of cycles. All events of @entity1398 occurred during the first 3 cycles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher prior dose of @entity15513 was associated with decreased odds of having G3 to 4 @entity1398 (OR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.86-0.93; P<0.01), @entity1398 (OR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.34-0.81; P<0.01) and G3 to 4 @entity417 (OR=0.93; 95% CI: 0.86-1; P=0.07). @entity1 with a body surface area >2m presented increased odds of having G 3 to 4 @entity1398 (OR=0.93; 95% CI: 0.86-1; P=0.07), but decreased odds of having G3 to 4 @entity417 .Among the @entity137 assessed, the authors did not identify any that appeared to be associated with a higher number of @entity15513 cycles delivered. Prior cumulative dose was associated with reduced G3 to 4 @entity1398 and @entity417 . The apparent protective effect associated with higher doses of @entity15513 is likely to be affected by early dose reduction and early @entity137 -related treatment discontinuation. Because this analysis is limited by its retrospective design, prospective trials are required to assess the optimal duration of @entity15513 treatment.

title: Lack of Cumulative XXXX Associated With @entity15513 Use in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone', 'Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity15513 :: ('MESH:C552428', 'Chemical') :: ['Cabazitaxel', 'cabazitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: @entity15513 provided a survival advantage compared with @entity2664 in @entity1 with castration-resistant @entity263 refractory to @entity1205 . Grade 3 to 4 (G3-4) @entity1398 and @entity1398 were relatively frequent in the registrative @entity72837 Plus @entity229 Compared to @entity2664 Plus @entity229 in Hormone Refractory Metastatic @entity263 (TROPIC) trial, but their incidence was lower in the Expanded Access Program (EAP). Although cumulative doses of @entity1205 are associated with @entity16 , the effect of cumulative doses of @entity15513 is unknown. In this retrospective review of prospectively collected data, the authors assessed "per cycle" incidence and predictors of @entity137 in the Italian cohort of the EAP, with a focus on the effect of cumulative doses of @entity15513 .The study population consisted of 218 Italian @entity1 enrolled in the @entity15513 EAP. The influence of selected variables on the most relevant adverse events identified was assessed using a Generalized Estimating Equations model at univariate and multivariate analysis."Per cycle" incidence of G 3 to 4 @entity1398 was 8.7%, whereas @entity1398 was reported in 0.9% of cycles. All events of @entity1398 occurred during the first 3 cycles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher prior dose of @entity15513 was associated with decreased odds of having G3 to 4 @entity1398 (OR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.86-0.93; P<0.01), @entity1398 (OR=0.52; 95% CI: 0.34-0.81; P<0.01) and G3 to 4 @entity417 (OR=0.93; 95% CI: 0.86-1; P=0.07). @entity1 with a body surface area >2m presented increased odds of having G 3 to 4 @entity1398 (OR=0.93; 95% CI: 0.86-1; P=0.07), but decreased odds of having G3 to 4 @entity417 .Among the @entity137 assessed, the authors did not identify any that appeared to be associated with a higher number of @entity15513 cycles delivered. Prior cumulative dose was associated with reduced G3 to 4 @entity1398 and @entity417 . The apparent protective effect associated with higher doses of @entity15513 is likely to be affected by early dose reduction and early @entity137 -related treatment discontinuation. Because this analysis is limited by its retrospective design, prospective trials are required to assess the optimal duration of @entity15513 treatment.

title: Lack of Cumulative @entity137 Associated With @entity15513 Use in XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']