abstract: BACKGROUND: The European @entity1358 @entity2857 (EU-ARCCS) expanded-access study provided @entity2857 to advanced @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) @entity1 in whom previous systemic therapy had failed. The study assessed the safety and use of @entity2857 for the treatment of advanced @entity1358 in a large community-based @entity1 population across 11 countries in Europe. @entity1 AND METHODS: EU-ARCCS was a single-arm, open-label trial of @entity2857 in advanced @entity1358 @entity1 . End points included safety, time to progression, progression-free survival (PFS), and disease control rate (DCR). Subgroup analyses included age, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, histology, prior therapy, and number and sites of @entity3 . RESULTS: About 1159 advanced @entity1358 @entity1 were enrolled. Most @entity1 (94%) experienced drug-related adverse events (AEs) of any grade, with the most common grade >= 3 AEs including hand-foot skin reaction (13%), @entity294 (7%), @entity1295 (7%), @entity101 (6%), and @entity1910 /desquamation (5%). The incidence of AEs in the subgroups was similar to that in the overall population. Median PFS was 6.6 months; DCR at >= 8 and >= 12 weeks was 85% and 78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2857 safety profile in European community-based practice settings was similar to that reported in clinical trials. The heterogeneous advanced @entity1358 @entity1 population in EU-ARCCS permitted assessment of @entity2857 in important subpopulations of advanced @entity1358 @entity1 .

title: Final results of the European @entity1358 XXXX (EU-ARCCS) expanded-access study: a large open-label study in diverse community settings.

answer: @entity2857 :: (MESH:C471405,Chemical) :: ['Sorafenib']


abstract: Ambulatory pulmonary artery pressure monitoring by means of a transducer tipped catheter with a simultaneous frequency modulated electrocardiogram and a miniaturised tape recorder was used to study the haemodynamic implications of @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity453 . Nineteen male @entity1 (mean (SD) age 58 (11) years) with clinical and angiographic evidence of @entity453 were studied together with six controls. Changes in the ST segment and pulmonary artery diastolic pressure during treadmill exercise, @entity955 , and unrestricted ambulant activity were analysed. During exercise, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure rose significantly in @entity1 with @entity453 but not in the controls. One @entity1 with ST @entity308 greater than 1 mm did not have a rise in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure on exercise; two had a rise in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure with no ST segment change despite severe @entity951 . The pulmonary artery diastolic pressure tended to rise before or simultaneously with the onset of @entity308 . The haemodynamic response to @entity955 was similar in normal controls and @entity1 with @entity453 . During ambulatory monitoring there were 29 episodes of @entity308 all of which were associated with a rise in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and @entity662 . The onset of @entity308 occurred before a rise in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure in 11 episodes, was simultaneous with it in 11, and followed it in seven episodes. During exercise and ambulatory monitoring there was a correlation between the magnitude of @entity308 and the rise in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. @entity158 was a late feature during exercise, @entity955 . This technique for the first time allows the relation between ST segment changes and haemodynamic alterations in left ventricular function to be assessed in ambulant @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Haemodynamic response to myocardial ischaemia during unrestricted activity, exercise testing, and XXXX assessed by ambulatory pulmonary artery pressure monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial pacing', 'atrial pacing, and anginal episodes']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial pacing']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pathogenesis related-10 (PR-10) proteins are present as multigene family in most of the higher plants. The role of PR-10 proteins in plant is poorly understood. A sequence analysis revealed that a large number of PR-10 proteins possess conserved motifs found in aldo/keto reductases (AKRs) of @entity375 and fungi. We took three PR-10 proteins, CaARP from @entity13474 , ABR17 from @entity3587 and the major pollen allergen Bet v1 from @entity575 birch as examples and showed that these purified recombinant proteins possessed AKR activity using various @entity137 @entity3125 including @entity14625 and @entity1234 as substrates and the reduced form of @entity1110 ( @entity1110 ) as co-factor. Essential @entity3534 for this catalytic activity were identified by substitution with other @entity3534 . CaARP was able to discriminate between the reduced and oxidized forms of @entity1110 independently of its catalytic activity and underwent structural change upon binding with @entity1110 . CaARP protein was preferentially localized in cytosol. When expressed in bacteria, @entity375 or plant, catalytically active variants of CaARP conferred tolerance to salinity, oxidative stress or @entity137 @entity3125 . CaARP-expressing plants showed lower lipid peroxidation product content in presence or absence of stress suggesting that the protein functions as a scavenger of @entity137 @entity3125 produced by metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Our result proposes a new biochemical property of a PR-10 protein.

title: A pathogenesis related-10 protein CaARP functions as aldo/keto reductase to scavenge @entity137 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADPH', 'NADP']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

answer: @entity3125 :: (MESH:D000447,Chemical) :: ['aldehydes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pathogenesis related-10 (PR-10) proteins are present as multigene family in most of the higher plants. The role of PR-10 proteins in plant is poorly understood. A sequence analysis revealed that a large number of PR-10 proteins possess conserved motifs found in aldo/keto reductases (AKRs) of @entity375 and fungi. We took three PR-10 proteins, CaARP from @entity13474 , ABR17 from @entity3587 and the major pollen allergen Bet v1 from @entity575 birch as examples and showed that these purified recombinant proteins possessed AKR activity using various @entity137 @entity3125 including @entity14625 and @entity1234 as substrates and the reduced form of @entity1110 ( @entity1110 ) as co-factor. Essential @entity3534 for this catalytic activity were identified by substitution with other @entity3534 . CaARP was able to discriminate between the reduced and oxidized forms of @entity1110 independently of its catalytic activity and underwent structural change upon binding with @entity1110 . CaARP protein was preferentially localized in cytosol. When expressed in bacteria, @entity375 or plant, catalytically active variants of CaARP conferred tolerance to salinity, oxidative stress or @entity137 @entity3125 . CaARP-expressing plants showed lower lipid peroxidation product content in presence or absence of stress suggesting that the protein functions as a scavenger of @entity137 @entity3125 produced by metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Our result proposes a new biochemical property of a PR-10 protein.

title: A pathogenesis related-10 protein CaARP functions as aldo/keto reductase to scavenge XXXX @entity3125 .

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the engraftment, survival and @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) after transplantation of unrelated cord blood for the treatment of childhood and adult @entity1583 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 (13 @entity1 and 4 adults) with @entity1583 were enrolled in this study. Twelve @entity1 were transplanted with one unit and 5 with 2 units of cord blood. There were HLA-matched in 6 and HLA-mismatched at 1 approximately 2 loci in 11 @entity1 . Ten @entity1 were transplanted at stable status, 7 at advanced stage of @entity1778 . Conditioning regimens were BU/CY for 13 and CY/TBI for 3 @entity1 . Most @entity1 received additional ATG at a dose of 15 approximately 20 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 3 days. CsA, @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and @entity1667 were used for @entity2132 prophylaxis. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 survived more than 40 days after transplantation were evaluated for engraftment. At day 60 after UCBT, 86% and 71% of the @entity1 showed neutrophil and platelet engraftment, respectively. The time for an absolute neutrophil count > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L was (21.0 +/- 1.3) days and platelet > or = 20 x 10(9)/L was (39.0 +/- 10.3) days. Four @entity1 developed grade II acute @entity2132 and 2 chronic @entity2132 . Of the 17 @entity1 , 11 were still alive and 8 of them were in event-free status. For the 10 @entity1 transplanted at stable status, 2 year overall survival is 90%, and event-free survival (EFS) 70%. However, for the 7 @entity1 transplanted at advanced stage of @entity1778 , only 2 survived without relapse. Of the 4 adult @entity1 , 2 had sustained engraftment and survived for 18 and 14 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: HLA-matched or 1 approximately 2 loci-mismatched UCBT is a feasible procedure to cure a significant proportion of @entity1 or adults with @entity1778 , especially if performed in a favourable phase of disease. Two units of CBT can be used for adult @entity1 if the cell number of one unit is not enough.

title: [Unrelated cord blood transplantation for the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus host disease']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological malignancies']


abstract: The @entity143 -selective ionotropic receptor constitutes one of the three principal classes of @entity8854 receptors within the @entity1 brain. It plays key roles in neuronal differentiation and synapse consolidation, activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity, and excitatory @entity535 -mediated @entity137 [Lab. Invest., 68 (1993) 372-387]. @entity143 receptors exist as multimeric complexes comprising proteins from two families, @entity6806 and NR2(A-D) [J. Biol. Chem., 271 (1996) 15669-15674]. Studies on recombinant receptors have revealed that while homomeric NR2 receptors are non-functional, co-expression of an @entity6806 with an NR2 subunit modulates the efficacy of the resulting channel [Nature, 357 (1992) 70-74]. The RT-PCR assay we describe here was developed to allow quantitation of all hNR2 transcripts in a single-tube PCR assay. Each hNR2 isoform is quantified on the basis of standard curves in which a known amount of synthetic @entity10731 competitor is co-amplified against total RNA. The protocol has been applied to the quantitation of hNR2 mRNA levels in autopsy brain. Used in conjunction with a method for the quantitation of @entity6806 transcripts [Brain Res. Protoc., in press], a complete analysis of @entity143 receptor mRNA expression can be obtained.

title: Quantitation of XXXX receptor NR2 mRNA transcripts in @entity1 brain by competitive RT-PCR.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity10731 :: ('CHEBI:33697', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleic acid']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: The @entity143 -selective ionotropic receptor constitutes one of the three principal classes of @entity8854 receptors within the @entity1 brain. It plays key roles in neuronal differentiation and synapse consolidation, activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity, and excitatory @entity535 -mediated @entity137 [Lab. Invest., 68 (1993) 372-387]. @entity143 receptors exist as multimeric complexes comprising proteins from two families, @entity6806 and NR2(A-D) [J. Biol. Chem., 271 (1996) 15669-15674]. Studies on recombinant receptors have revealed that while homomeric NR2 receptors are non-functional, co-expression of an @entity6806 with an NR2 subunit modulates the efficacy of the resulting channel [Nature, 357 (1992) 70-74]. The RT-PCR assay we describe here was developed to allow quantitation of all hNR2 transcripts in a single-tube PCR assay. Each hNR2 isoform is quantified on the basis of standard curves in which a known amount of synthetic @entity10731 competitor is co-amplified against total RNA. The protocol has been applied to the quantitation of hNR2 mRNA levels in autopsy brain. Used in conjunction with a method for the quantitation of @entity6806 transcripts [Brain Res. Protoc., in press], a complete analysis of @entity143 receptor mRNA expression can be obtained.

title: Quantitation of @entity143 receptor NR2 mRNA transcripts in XXXX brain by competitive RT-PCR.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits of @entity1753 in the context of a D2 lymph node dissection are controversial. The aim was to investigate the effects of postoperative @entity1753 on the survival of @entity1 with a curative resection for @entity356 and a D2 lymph node dissection. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study. @entity1 operated from 1996 to 2013 were selected. We compared long term survival of @entity1 treated with surgery alone and those with surgery plus postoperative @entity1753 . A multivariate analysis for survival was applied in every stage. RESULTS: The study included 580 @entity1 . Two-hundred and four @entity1 received postoperative @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) and 376 @entity1 were treated only with surgery (SU). @entity1 in the @entity1753 group were younger (60 versus 68, p  <  0.001), had a lower rate of multiple organ resection (21% versus 39%, p  <  0.001) and had @entity260 (14% versus 32%, p  <  0.001). In the @entity1753 group, @entity1 had more @entity1442 (stage III; 77% versus 66%, p  <  0.001). No difference was found in lymph nodes resected (31 versus 30, p  =  ns). The median survival with @entity1753 was 33 months (39% 5 year survival) and 22 months (31% 5 year survival) for @entity1 without @entity1753 (p  =  0.003). On multivariate analysis, @entity1 with stage IIIB and IIIC had significantly better overall and disease specific long-term survival with @entity1753 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there is a long-term survival benefit for @entity1 treated with postoperative @entity1753 for stages IIIB and IIIC @entity356 after D2 lymph node dissection.

title: Postoperative @entity1753 for XXXX improves long-term survival after curative resection and D2 lymphadenectomy. Results from a Latin American Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['less postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'adjuvant treatment']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits of @entity1753 in the context of a D2 lymph node dissection are controversial. The aim was to investigate the effects of postoperative @entity1753 on the survival of @entity1 with a curative resection for @entity356 and a D2 lymph node dissection. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study. @entity1 operated from 1996 to 2013 were selected. We compared long term survival of @entity1 treated with surgery alone and those with surgery plus postoperative @entity1753 . A multivariate analysis for survival was applied in every stage. RESULTS: The study included 580 @entity1 . Two-hundred and four @entity1 received postoperative @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ) and 376 @entity1 were treated only with surgery (SU). @entity1 in the @entity1753 group were younger (60 versus 68, p  <  0.001), had a lower rate of multiple organ resection (21% versus 39%, p  <  0.001) and had @entity260 (14% versus 32%, p  <  0.001). In the @entity1753 group, @entity1 had more @entity1442 (stage III; 77% versus 66%, p  <  0.001). No difference was found in lymph nodes resected (31 versus 30, p  =  ns). The median survival with @entity1753 was 33 months (39% 5 year survival) and 22 months (31% 5 year survival) for @entity1 without @entity1753 (p  =  0.003). On multivariate analysis, @entity1 with stage IIIB and IIIC had significantly better overall and disease specific long-term survival with @entity1753 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there is a long-term survival benefit for @entity1 treated with postoperative @entity1753 for stages IIIB and IIIC @entity356 after D2 lymph node dissection.

title: Postoperative XXXX for @entity356 improves long-term survival after curative resection and D2 lymphadenectomy. Results from a Latin American Center.

answer: @entity1753 :: (MESH:D001169,Disease) :: ['adjuvant treatment']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since the first description of @entity16453 ( @entity16453 ) in 1755, multiple surgical techniques have been proposed to repair the @entity600 . Today, the transnasal endoscopic method is the most widely accepted repair technique. The bony choanal plates are perforated, the lateral choanae are drilled, and a portion of the vomer removed. Unfortunately, the problem of @entity850 is a significant issue, and as a result, revision surgery may be a recurring theme in some @entity1 . We describe a successful revision endoscopic technique utilizing a microdebrider with straight and 120 degrees telescopes, image guided surgery, and topical @entity1138 -C to permanently open the choanae without stenting. METHODS: Described are six @entity1 (1-15 years old) with @entity16453 or @entity850 who have collectively undergone 25 choanal procedures at various institutions. A microdebrider carefully removes the bony septum under direct nasal and intraoral telescopic visualization. No lateral drilling is performed. Image guidance is helpful when @entity3145 is present. Topical mitomycin-C minimizes post-operative scarring. The @entity705 is left intact. RESULTS: 2-4-year clinical and endoscopic follow-up on all @entity1 revealed a widely patent nasal airway with no complications ( @entity1415 , crusting, or @entity850 ). Synechiae or @entity850 did not occur as circumferential mucosal stripping was avoided. No stenting was needed since the bony septum is removed. CONCLUSION: Near @entity2721 provides long-term nasal patency for revision @entity16453 repairs. The endoscopic 'common choanae' technique is aided by transnasal and transoral telescopic visualization with precise microdebrider removal of the bony septum. The technique is safe with no complications in our case series.

title: Revision XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['excessive scar tissue']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous septum']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity16453 :: ('MESH:D002754', 'Disease') :: ['choanal atresia', 'CA', 'CA/stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['total endoscopic removal of the bony septum']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['re-stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity16453 :: (MESH:D002754,Disease) :: ['choanal atresia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are becoming an attractive target for therapeutic purposes because of their neural crest origin and propensity. Although DPSCs can be successfully cryopreserved, there are hardly any reports on cryopreservation of dental pulp tissues obtained from teeth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible @entity11624 during endodontic treatment and isolation and characterization of DPSCs from such cryopreserved pulp. The aim of this study was to cryopreserve the said pulp tissues to propagate and characterize isolated DPSCs. METHODS: A medium consisting of 90% fetal bovine serum and 10% @entity3733 was used for cryopreservation of pulp tissues. DPSCs were isolated from fresh and cryopreserved pulp tissues using an enzymatic method. Cell viability and proliferation were determined using the @entity98 [ @entity2454 ] assay. DPSC migration and interaction were analyzed with the wound healing assay. Mesenchymal characteristics of DPSCs were verified by flow cytometric analysis of cell surface CD markers. The osteogenic and adipogenic potential of DPSCs was shown by von Kossa and oil red O staining methods, respectively, and the polymerase chain reaction method. RESULT: We found no significant difference in CD marker expression and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of DPSCs obtained from fresh and cryopreserved dental pulp tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that dental pulp can be successfully cryopreserved without losing normal characteristics and differentiation potential of their DPSCs, thus making them suitable for dental banking and future therapeutic purposes.

title: Isolation and Characterization of @entity1 Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Cryopreserved Pulp Tissues Obtained from Teeth with Irreversible XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

answer: @entity11624 :: (MESH:D011671,Disease) :: ['Pulpitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are becoming an attractive target for therapeutic purposes because of their neural crest origin and propensity. Although DPSCs can be successfully cryopreserved, there are hardly any reports on cryopreservation of dental pulp tissues obtained from teeth diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible @entity11624 during endodontic treatment and isolation and characterization of DPSCs from such cryopreserved pulp. The aim of this study was to cryopreserve the said pulp tissues to propagate and characterize isolated DPSCs. METHODS: A medium consisting of 90% fetal bovine serum and 10% @entity3733 was used for cryopreservation of pulp tissues. DPSCs were isolated from fresh and cryopreserved pulp tissues using an enzymatic method. Cell viability and proliferation were determined using the @entity98 [ @entity2454 ] assay. DPSC migration and interaction were analyzed with the wound healing assay. Mesenchymal characteristics of DPSCs were verified by flow cytometric analysis of cell surface CD markers. The osteogenic and adipogenic potential of DPSCs was shown by von Kossa and oil red O staining methods, respectively, and the polymerase chain reaction method. RESULT: We found no significant difference in CD marker expression and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of DPSCs obtained from fresh and cryopreserved dental pulp tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that dental pulp can be successfully cryopreserved without losing normal characteristics and differentiation potential of their DPSCs, thus making them suitable for dental banking and future therapeutic purposes.

title: Isolation and Characterization of XXXX Dental Pulp Stem Cells from Cryopreserved Pulp Tissues Obtained from Teeth with Irreversible @entity11624 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity3814 represent a frequent pathology among elderly population, with potentially devastating consequences. More than 20  years have passed since percutaneous vertebroplasty was initially used in the treatment of @entity2695 , representing nowadays a widely used treatment for @entity3604 . The authors present a retrospective review of 59 consecutive @entity1 (in total 94 fractured levels) that underwent polymethylmethacrylate percutaneous vertebroplasty for @entity3814 due to senile or secondary @entity170 . All @entity174 were free from neurologic involvement and were classified as A1 type according to Magerl classification. All of @entity1 were initially treated conservatively, by application of orthosis that allows immediate deambulation. At control, @entity1 who complained of @entity158 and limitation of daily activities underwent MRI. If presence of marrow signal changes, especially hypertense signal in T2-weighted images was confirmed, percutaneous vertebroplasty procedure was performed (we could call it "sub-acute" procedure). A limited group of @entity1 that did not tolerate brace and had an insufficient @entity158 control underwent vertebroplasty "in acute", few days after @entity174 . Immediate post-operative @entity158 reduction and follow-up clinical outcome (estimating quality of @entity615 ) were evaluated by means of Visual Analogue Scale, SF-36 and @entity717 Index. In the immediate post-operative course a significant @entity158 relief was found in 39 @entity1 (66.1%), moderate @entity158 relief in 17 (28.8%), while 3 (5.1%) did not achieve relevant @entity158 improvement. @entity158 intensity and life quality was maintained within satisfactory limits after a mean follow-up of 16  months. In conclusion, percutaneous vertebroplasty is an effective and safe procedure for treating @entity3814 in the elderly. It provides immediate @entity158 relief and allows early mobilization, thus avoiding potentially severe complications related to persistent back @entity158 and prolonged bed rest. When performed by experienced surgeon complication rate is low, representing a safe procedure, able to provide a satisfactory outcome.

title: Vertebroplasty: benefits are more than risks in selected and evidence-based informed XXXX . A retrospective study of 59 cases.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures', 'Vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['life and residual back pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The study was designed to assess the effects of local heat (LH) application on postganglionic muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) measured by microneurography in healthy @entity1 . In the first protocol, MSNA of the left peroneal nerve, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and skin temperature of the shin ( @entity28681 ) were recorded in nine @entity1 . In the second protocol, leg blood flow (LBF) was measured in the same subjects by strain-gauge plethysmography. In both protocols, after 10 min of rest in the supine position, a heated hydrocollator pack was applied to the shin and anterior foot for 15 min and recovery was monitored over a period of 20 min. @entity28681 gradually increased from 31.7    0.1 to 41.9    0.5  C (mean    SEM) during LH. No subject complained of @entity158 , and BP and HR remained constant. The MSNA burst rate (16.1    2.1 beats/min) during the control period decreased significantly (P < 0.05) to 72.0    2.3% during LH. Total MSNA also decreased to 59.2    2.6% (P < 0.05) during LH, but both immediately returned to baseline at recovery. In contrast, LBF in the left leg significantly and immediately increased (P < 0.05) after LH application and remained significantly elevated until the end of the recovery period. These results suggest that: (1) LH application significantly attenuates MSNA without any changes in HR and BP. (2) Other factors in addition to MSNA seem to control regional blood flow in the lower extremity during LH.

title: Local heat application to the leg reduces muscle sympathetic nerve activity in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relation between serum @entity413 concentration and hospital outcome across the whole spectrum of @entity1187 . METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of 2127 @entity1 presenting with @entity1187 . The @entity1 were stratified into quartile groups (Q1 to Q4) defined by serum @entity413 concentrations of 5.8, 7.2, and 10.0 mmol/l. The relation between quartile group and major in-hospital complications was analysed. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with @entity583 increased incrementally across the quartile groups, from 21.4% in Q1 to 47.9% in Q4 (p < 0.0001). The trend for frequency of in-hospital major complications was similar, particularly @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) (Q1 6.4%, Q4 25.2%, p < 0.0001) and @entity204 (Q1 0.7%, Q4 6.1%, p < 0.0001). The relations were linear, each @entity413 quartile increment being associated with an odds ratio of 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27 to 1.70) for @entity1002 and 1.52 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.97) for @entity204 . Although complication rates were higher for a discharge diagnosis of @entity583 than for @entity1459 , there was no evidence that the effects of serum @entity413 concentration were different for the two groups, there being no significant interaction with discharge diagnosis in the associations between @entity413 quartile and @entity1002 (p = 0.69) or @entity204 (p = 0.17). Similarly there was no significant interaction with @entity6 status in the associations between @entity413 quartile and @entity1002 (p = 0.08) or @entity204 (p = 0.09). CONCLUSION: Admission glycaemia stratified @entity1 with @entity1187 according to their risk of in-hospital @entity1002 and cardiac mortality. There was no detectable glycaemic threshold for these adverse effects. The prognostic correlates of admission glycaemia were unaffected by @entity6 status and did not differ significantly between @entity1 with @entity583 and those with @entity1459 .

title: A single serum XXXX measurement predicts adverse outcomes across the whole range of @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure', 'LVF']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relation between serum @entity413 concentration and hospital outcome across the whole spectrum of @entity1187 . METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of 2127 @entity1 presenting with @entity1187 . The @entity1 were stratified into quartile groups (Q1 to Q4) defined by serum @entity413 concentrations of 5.8, 7.2, and 10.0 mmol/l. The relation between quartile group and major in-hospital complications was analysed. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with @entity583 increased incrementally across the quartile groups, from 21.4% in Q1 to 47.9% in Q4 (p < 0.0001). The trend for frequency of in-hospital major complications was similar, particularly @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) (Q1 6.4%, Q4 25.2%, p < 0.0001) and @entity204 (Q1 0.7%, Q4 6.1%, p < 0.0001). The relations were linear, each @entity413 quartile increment being associated with an odds ratio of 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27 to 1.70) for @entity1002 and 1.52 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.97) for @entity204 . Although complication rates were higher for a discharge diagnosis of @entity583 than for @entity1459 , there was no evidence that the effects of serum @entity413 concentration were different for the two groups, there being no significant interaction with discharge diagnosis in the associations between @entity413 quartile and @entity1002 (p = 0.69) or @entity204 (p = 0.17). Similarly there was no significant interaction with @entity6 status in the associations between @entity413 quartile and @entity1002 (p = 0.08) or @entity204 (p = 0.09). CONCLUSION: Admission glycaemia stratified @entity1 with @entity1187 according to their risk of in-hospital @entity1002 and cardiac mortality. There was no detectable glycaemic threshold for these adverse effects. The prognostic correlates of admission glycaemia were unaffected by @entity6 status and did not differ significantly between @entity1 with @entity583 and those with @entity1459 .

title: A single serum @entity413 measurement predicts adverse outcomes across the whole range of XXXX .

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Different definitions of virologic relapse (VR) are being used. One way of defining VR is "reappearance of @entity97 DNA in the serum," while another definition is an "increase in @entity97 DNA level greater than 1 log in two determinations at least 4 weeks apart." The aim of this study was to see the effectiveness of these two definitions METHODS: Forty-five HBeAg-positive @entity6194 @entity1 with a virologic response [negative PCR (<12 IU/ml)] who had discontinued therapy were analyzed retrospectively for VR, HBeAg reversion and biochemical flare. RESULTS: @entity97 DNA reappeared in the serum (>= 12 IU/ml) of all 45 @entity1 (100%). An increase in @entity97 DNA level greater than 1 log in two determinations at least 4 weeks apart was identified in 20 of 25 @entity1 (80%). Biochemical flare and HBeAg reversion were observed in 18 (40%) and 14 (31%) @entity1 , respectively. Peak off-therapy @entity97 DNA level was significantly associated with biochemical flare (r=0.758, P<0.001) and HBeAg reversion (r=0.645, P<0.001). Two @entity1 with high initial off-therapy @entity97 DNA levels (>= 4.0 log(10) IU/ml) were reassessed at 4 weeks, and both experienced a biochemical flare and HBeAg reversion. Two @entity1 had an increase in @entity97 DNA level greater than 1 log at a very low level (1 log to 2 or 3 log), but did not experience biochemical flare or HBeAg reversion during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Reappearance of @entity97 DNA was universal when sensitive @entity97 DNA assay was used. Waiting 4 weeks to confirm VR may be harmful for @entity1 with a high @entity97 DNA level, and was ineffective to indicate re-therapy for @entity1 with increase in @entity97 DNA at a very low level. There is a need for improved and standardized definitions of VR.

title: Defining virologic relapse in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B']

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: A 32-year-old male @entity1 who was @entity645 positive presented at the Wits Oral Health Centre complaining of a large swelling of the left submandibular region of three years' duration. The swelling was nontender, soft and doughy on palpation and appeared to be crossing the midline. Bilateral submandibular and @entity3329 was present. Intraorally the lesion caused considerable elevation of the @entity2133 and impaired the flow of saliva. Fluid from the lesion was aspirated and the @entity1 sent for MRI examination. These images revealed a multilocular cystic lesion causing disruption of the mylohyold muscle. The aspirate consisted of a thick, bloody fluid which tested positive for salivary amylase. A provisional diagnosis of plunging @entity29542 was made. The multilocular nature of the lesion seen on MRI prompted a more extensive surgical approach in order to prevent recurrence. Consequently the sublingual gland was removed via an intraoral approach while the multilocular cyst was dissected by means of a submandibular approach in order to effect complete removal. Microscopic examination of the submitted specimen confirmed the clinical diagnosis of a plunging @entity29542 .

title: Plunging XXXX : an unusual multilocular presentation.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['submental lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['floor of the mouth']

answer: @entity29542 :: (MESH:D011900,Disease) :: ['ranula']


abstract: Colonoscopic diagnosis of @entity1586 is a rather easy task, although some small @entity1127 might be missed when they are situated around the steep angulation or behind the fold. A correct diagnosis of @entity1697 is difficult not only by colonoscopy but also by biopsy because the @entity5 focus may be small or not exposed on the polyp surface. Therefore, colonoscopic polypectomy is the best procedure of choice for correct histologic diagnosis of @entity189 . Only by polypectomy can correct diagnosis of @entity189 be made, although there are various endoscopic signs such as irregularity of the surface configuration and white spots on the surrounding mucosa suggesting @entity189 . Over the course of several years experience of colonoscopy we have encountered small flat elevations under 1 cm in diameter of which 58% were benign @entity652 and 42% contained minute foci of @entity189 . These small flat lesions might have been missed quite easily during routine examination in the past and they might play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity694 . @entity1127 can be adequately treated by polypectomy only, whereas @entity189 needs further treatment as it has a risk of node @entity3 . Risk factors influencing @entity3 are lymphatic permeation, poorly differentiated @entity189 , massive invasion close to the cut end. Only when one of these findings is seen in the removed polyp, further surgical treatment must be considered. However, the @entity1 's general condition, age and site of the polyp should be carefully taken into account in order to choose the appropriate treatment in each individual case as the risk of @entity3 under such situations mentioned above is not so high. Management of @entity189 is still a controversial issue and a long-term, clinicopathologic study will be needed to solve this question.

title: [Endoscopic diagnosis and management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['Benign polyp and mucosal carcinoma', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal and invasive carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic polyps']


abstract: CONTEXT: Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products ( @entity4283 ) mediates cellular injury. Soluble forms of @entity4283 [soluble @entity4283 (sRAGE), endogenous secretory (esRAGE)] bind @entity4283 ligands, thereby preventing downstream signaling and damage. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to characterize the changes in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, and cord blood soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) during physiological gestation and to provide insight into mechanisms responsible for @entity4283 activation in @entity1468 . DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This was a cross-sectional study at a tertiary university hospital. @entity1 : We studied 135 @entity1 in the following groups: nonpregnant controls (n = 16), healthy pregnant controls (n = 68), pregnant @entity1 with chronic @entity101 (n = 13), or pregnant @entity1 with @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ; n = 38). INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: sRAGE and esRAGE levels were evaluated in vivo by ELISA in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, and cord blood and in vitro after stimulation of the amniochorion and placental explants with lipopolysaccharide or @entity3624 / @entity3624 oxidase. Placenta and amniochorion were immunostained for @entity4283 . Real-time quantitative PCR measured @entity4283 mRNA. RESULTS: Pregnant @entity1 had significantly decreased serum sRAGE compared with nonpregnant subjects (P < 0.001). @entity1468 @entity1 had higher serum and amniotic fluid sRAGE and esRAGE relative to those expected for gestational age (P < 0.001). Cord blood sRAGE remained unaffected by @entity1468 . @entity4283 immunoreactivity and mRNA expression appeared elevated in the amniochorion of @entity1468 @entity1 . @entity3624 / @entity3624 oxidase (but not lipopolysaccharide) significantly up-regulated the release of sRAGE (P < 0.001) in the amniochorion explant system. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal membranes are a rich source of sRAGE. Elevated maternal serum and amniotic fluid sRAGE and esRAGE, paralleled by increased @entity4283 expression in the amniochorion, suggest activation of this system in @entity1468 .

title: Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products system in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['Xanthine', 'xanthine']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['sPE', 'severe preeclampsia', 'preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['severe preeclampsia']


abstract: CONTEXT: Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products ( @entity4283 ) mediates cellular injury. Soluble forms of @entity4283 [soluble @entity4283 (sRAGE), endogenous secretory (esRAGE)] bind @entity4283 ligands, thereby preventing downstream signaling and damage. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to characterize the changes in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, and cord blood soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) during physiological gestation and to provide insight into mechanisms responsible for @entity4283 activation in @entity1468 . DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This was a cross-sectional study at a tertiary university hospital. @entity1 : We studied 135 @entity1 in the following groups: nonpregnant controls (n = 16), healthy pregnant controls (n = 68), pregnant @entity1 with chronic @entity101 (n = 13), or pregnant @entity1 with @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ; n = 38). INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: sRAGE and esRAGE levels were evaluated in vivo by ELISA in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, and cord blood and in vitro after stimulation of the amniochorion and placental explants with lipopolysaccharide or @entity3624 / @entity3624 oxidase. Placenta and amniochorion were immunostained for @entity4283 . Real-time quantitative PCR measured @entity4283 mRNA. RESULTS: Pregnant @entity1 had significantly decreased serum sRAGE compared with nonpregnant subjects (P < 0.001). @entity1468 @entity1 had higher serum and amniotic fluid sRAGE and esRAGE relative to those expected for gestational age (P < 0.001). Cord blood sRAGE remained unaffected by @entity1468 . @entity4283 immunoreactivity and mRNA expression appeared elevated in the amniochorion of @entity1468 @entity1 . @entity3624 / @entity3624 oxidase (but not lipopolysaccharide) significantly up-regulated the release of sRAGE (P < 0.001) in the amniochorion explant system. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal membranes are a rich source of sRAGE. Elevated maternal serum and amniotic fluid sRAGE and esRAGE, paralleled by increased @entity4283 expression in the amniochorion, suggest activation of this system in @entity1468 .

title: Activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products system in XXXX with @entity1468 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) is thought to play a key role in regulating the excitability of @entity1176 (GnRH) neurons that control fertility. Using an angled, parahorizontal brain slice preparation we have undertaken a series of electrophysiological experiments to examine how the AVPV controls GnRH neurons in adult male and female @entity19 . More than half (59%) of GnRH neurons located in the rostral preoptic area were found to receive monosynaptic inputs from the AVPV in a sex-dependent manner. AVPV stimulation frequencies <1 Hz generated short-latency action potentials in GnRH neurons with @entity1246 and @entity2227 mediating >90% of the evoked fast synaptic currents. The AVPV @entity1246 input was dominant and found to excite or inhibit GnRH neurons in a cell-dependent manner. Increasing the AVPV stimulation frequency to 5-10 Hz resulted in the appearance of additional poststimulus inhibitory as well as delayed excitatory responses in GnRH neurons that were independent of ionotropic @entity535 receptors. The inhibition observed immediately following the end of the stimulation period was mediated partly by @entity1246 (B) receptors, while the delayed activation was mediated by the neuropeptide @entity32898 . The latter response was essentially absent in @entity32897 knock-out @entity19 and abolished by a @entity32897 antagonist. Together, these studies show that AVPV neurons provide direct @entity535 and neuropeptidergic inputs to GnRH neurons. Low-frequency activation generates predominant @entity1246 / @entity2227 release with higher frequency activation recruiting release of @entity32898 . This frequency-dependent release of @entity535 and neuropeptide neurotransmitters greatly expands the range of AVPV control of GnRH neuron excitability.

title: Frequency-dependent recruitment of fast XXXX and slow neuropeptide neurotransmitter release controls gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron excitability.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: @entity43 (OVAC) remains a highly lethal malignancy. It is a leading cause of @entity5 @entity204 among @entity1 in the United States causing more @entity204 than all other gynecologic @entity5 combined. The pathogenesis of OVAC is not completely understood, but the process of repeated ovulation is believed to lead to @entity74 in the ovarian epithelium. As part of a prospective trial designed to evaluate OVAC chemopreventive strategies using the @entity1573 model, caloric restriction (55% less energy) was used to inhibit ovulation in groups of hens receiving chemopreventives, thereby minimizing the impact of ovulation on the incidence of reproductive tract @entity5 . A separate group of @entity1573 was maintained concurrently in the same environment, and managed similarly, except that caloric intake was not restricted. Among birds not receiving chemopreventive agents, we compared caloric versus noncaloric restricted birds to determine the relations between calorie restriction and risk of developing @entity420 of the reproductive tract. Mortality in the calorie-restricted group was almost half that of those on full feed. Calorie-restricted @entity1573 maintained body weights averaging 1.423 kg compared with the full-fed birds at 1.892 kg. Ovulation rate varied with the full-fed group producing 64% more eggs than the calorie-restricted group. @entity5 occurred in 57 (33.3%) birds for the full-fed group and 26 (10.3%) birds for the calorie-restricted group. On the basis of histopathology, 45 (26.3%) birds in the full-fed group had @entity43 compared with 16 (6.3%) birds in the calorie-restricted group. Calorie restriction in laying hens resulted in a near five-fold reduction in OVAC.

title: XXXX in calorie-restricted laying @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian adenocarcinoma', 'Epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Total reproductive cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic damage']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Reduction of ovarian and oviductal cancers']


abstract: @entity43 (OVAC) remains a highly lethal malignancy. It is a leading cause of @entity5 @entity204 among @entity1 in the United States causing more @entity204 than all other gynecologic @entity5 combined. The pathogenesis of OVAC is not completely understood, but the process of repeated ovulation is believed to lead to @entity74 in the ovarian epithelium. As part of a prospective trial designed to evaluate OVAC chemopreventive strategies using the @entity1573 model, caloric restriction (55% less energy) was used to inhibit ovulation in groups of hens receiving chemopreventives, thereby minimizing the impact of ovulation on the incidence of reproductive tract @entity5 . A separate group of @entity1573 was maintained concurrently in the same environment, and managed similarly, except that caloric intake was not restricted. Among birds not receiving chemopreventive agents, we compared caloric versus noncaloric restricted birds to determine the relations between calorie restriction and risk of developing @entity420 of the reproductive tract. Mortality in the calorie-restricted group was almost half that of those on full feed. Calorie-restricted @entity1573 maintained body weights averaging 1.423 kg compared with the full-fed birds at 1.892 kg. Ovulation rate varied with the full-fed group producing 64% more eggs than the calorie-restricted group. @entity5 occurred in 57 (33.3%) birds for the full-fed group and 26 (10.3%) birds for the calorie-restricted group. On the basis of histopathology, 45 (26.3%) birds in the full-fed group had @entity43 compared with 16 (6.3%) birds in the calorie-restricted group. Calorie restriction in laying hens resulted in a near five-fold reduction in OVAC.

title: @entity43 in calorie-restricted laying XXXX .

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: Evidence from behavioral and self-reported data suggests that the @entity1 ' beliefs and expectations can shape both therapeutic and adverse effects of any given drug. We investigated how divergent expectancies alter the analgesic efficacy of a potent opioid in healthy volunteers by using brain imaging. The effect of a fixed concentration of the  -opioid agonist @entity1937 on constant @entity158 was assessed under three experimental conditions using a within-subject design: with no expectation of @entity1337 , with expectancy of a positive analgesic effect, and with negative expectancy of @entity1337 (that is, expectation of @entity1931 or exacerbation of @entity158 ). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to record brain activity to corroborate the effects of expectations on the analgesic efficacy of the opioid and to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms. Positive treatment expectancy substantially enhanced (doubled) the analgesic benefit of @entity1937 . In contrast, negative treatment expectancy abolished @entity1937 @entity1337 . These subjective effects were substantiated by significant changes in the neural activity in brain regions involved with the coding of @entity158 intensity. The positive expectancy effects were associated with activity in the @entity158 modulatory system, and the negative expectancy effects with activity in the hippocampus. On the basis of subjective and objective evidence, we contend that an individual's expectation of a drug's effect critically influences its therapeutic efficacy and that regulatory brain mechanisms differ as a function of expectancy. We propose that it may be necessary to integrate @entity1 ' beliefs and expectations into drug treatment regimes alongside traditional considerations in order to optimize treatment outcomes.

title: The effect of treatment expectation on drug efficacy: imaging the analgesic benefit of the opioid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'heat pain', 'endogenous pain']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity1937 :: (MESH:C071741,Chemical) :: ['remifentanil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Body fat is an important source of hormones and cytokines (adipokines) that not only regulate the energy balance, but also regulate the inflammatory and immune responses. This study investigated the association of clinical conditions with serum levels of adipokines in @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: Serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity1254 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 141 @entity1 (110 @entity1 ) who fulfilled the 1987 revised criteria of the American @entity627 Association for the diagnosis of @entity309 and in 146 normal controls (124 @entity1 ). Then the correlations between adipokine levels and clinical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The serum resistin level did not differ between the @entity1 and controls. However, serum leptin levels were significantly higher in male and female @entity309 @entity1 than in the corresponding controls, while the serum @entity1254 level was significantly higher in female @entity1 than in female controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that predictors of an elevated resistin level were female sex and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), while the leptin level was related to the body mass index and @entity1851 . Predictors of an elevated @entity1254 level were the use of @entity617 and @entity1851 , however, @entity1851 was negatively associated with @entity1254 in @entity1 with @entity309 . CONCLUSION: The serum levels of resistin and leptin were positively associated with @entity1851 level in @entity1 with @entity309 , suggesting that these adipokines may act as pro-inflammatory cytokines in this disease. The serum @entity1254 level was elevated in the @entity1 , however, it was negatively associated with @entity1851 level. In addition, the serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity1254 were also associated with female sex, BMI and the use of @entity617 , respectively.

title: Elevated serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity1254 are associated with XXXX and also other clinical conditions in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Body fat is an important source of hormones and cytokines (adipokines) that not only regulate the energy balance, but also regulate the inflammatory and immune responses. This study investigated the association of clinical conditions with serum levels of adipokines in @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: Serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity1254 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 141 @entity1 (110 @entity1 ) who fulfilled the 1987 revised criteria of the American @entity627 Association for the diagnosis of @entity309 and in 146 normal controls (124 @entity1 ). Then the correlations between adipokine levels and clinical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The serum resistin level did not differ between the @entity1 and controls. However, serum leptin levels were significantly higher in male and female @entity309 @entity1 than in the corresponding controls, while the serum @entity1254 level was significantly higher in female @entity1 than in female controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that predictors of an elevated resistin level were female sex and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), while the leptin level was related to the body mass index and @entity1851 . Predictors of an elevated @entity1254 level were the use of @entity617 and @entity1851 , however, @entity1851 was negatively associated with @entity1254 in @entity1 with @entity309 . CONCLUSION: The serum levels of resistin and leptin were positively associated with @entity1851 level in @entity1 with @entity309 , suggesting that these adipokines may act as pro-inflammatory cytokines in this disease. The serum @entity1254 level was elevated in the @entity1 , however, it was negatively associated with @entity1851 level. In addition, the serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity1254 were also associated with female sex, BMI and the use of @entity617 , respectively.

title: Elevated serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity1254 are associated with @entity1851 and also other clinical conditions in XXXX .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Body fat is an important source of hormones and cytokines (adipokines) that not only regulate the energy balance, but also regulate the inflammatory and immune responses. This study investigated the association of clinical conditions with serum levels of adipokines in @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: Serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity1254 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 141 @entity1 (110 @entity1 ) who fulfilled the 1987 revised criteria of the American @entity627 Association for the diagnosis of @entity309 and in 146 normal controls (124 @entity1 ). Then the correlations between adipokine levels and clinical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The serum resistin level did not differ between the @entity1 and controls. However, serum leptin levels were significantly higher in male and female @entity309 @entity1 than in the corresponding controls, while the serum @entity1254 level was significantly higher in female @entity1 than in female controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that predictors of an elevated resistin level were female sex and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), while the leptin level was related to the body mass index and @entity1851 . Predictors of an elevated @entity1254 level were the use of @entity617 and @entity1851 , however, @entity1851 was negatively associated with @entity1254 in @entity1 with @entity309 . CONCLUSION: The serum levels of resistin and leptin were positively associated with @entity1851 level in @entity1 with @entity309 , suggesting that these adipokines may act as pro-inflammatory cytokines in this disease. The serum @entity1254 level was elevated in the @entity1 , however, it was negatively associated with @entity1851 level. In addition, the serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity1254 were also associated with female sex, BMI and the use of @entity617 , respectively.

title: Elevated serum levels of resistin, leptin, and XXXX are associated with @entity1851 and also other clinical conditions in @entity309 .

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity652 is a benign neoplasm of the salivary glands. This @entity5 usually arises in the major glands, with the parotid being the most frequent site of occurrence, while it is rare in the minor salivary glands. We report a case of @entity652 of a minor salivary gland on the palate. CASE: The @entity1 was a 68-year-old @entity1 . Intraoral examination revealed a mass measuring 20       20  mm that was elastic-hard, dark violet, non-ulcerated, and covered the normal mucosa. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) both showed a mass situated in front of the soft palate. The T1-weighted MRI revealed @entity5 isointensity, and the T2-weighted image showed @entity5 hyperintensity. The clinical diagnosis was @entity5 , and excision was performed under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed that an encapsulated mass had grown under the epithelium and indicated a diagnosis of @entity652 . DISCUSSION: Although no recurrence has been detected in the 3  years and 6  months of follow up, there was a case of malignant transformation of a @entity652 reported. Therefore, careful follow-up observation will continue to be important.

title: XXXX arising in a minor salivary gland of the palate.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'palate tumor']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Basal cell adenoma', 'basal cell adenoma']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Basal cell adenoma']


abstract: Overweight and @entity28 are associated with increased @entity0 risk; however, it is unclear whether losing excess weight will lower risk. Therefore, we examined the relationship between @entity0 among 13,055 overweight and @entity28 , @entity5 -free @entity1 who enrolled in the @entity5 Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort in 1992. During the 15 year follow-up, 816 @entity0 cases were diagnosed. Self-reported weight was collected before diagnosis at baseline and 10 years prior to baseline. The median @entity353 was 11 lbs, but only 58% of the @entity1 maintained this @entity353 through the first 5 year follow-up interval (1992-1997). Using both restricted cubic splines and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling, we observed no association between @entity0 . The hazard ratio for 30+ pounds of @entity353 compared to stable weight was 0.95 (95%: CI 0.47-1.95). An inverse association was, however, suggested among @entity1 who maintained ten or more pounds of @entity353 through the next interval. There was no evidence of effect modification by postmenopausal hormone use, initial BMI, or other factors examined. In summary, @entity353 was not associated with @entity0 in this study. Future studies should focus on sustained @entity353 and whether the timing of @entity353 is important.

title: XXXX in a prospective cohort of overweight and @entity28 US @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal breast cancer', 'weight loss and postmenopausal breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Weight loss and postmenopausal breast cancer']


abstract: Overweight and @entity28 are associated with increased @entity0 risk; however, it is unclear whether losing excess weight will lower risk. Therefore, we examined the relationship between @entity0 among 13,055 overweight and @entity28 , @entity5 -free @entity1 who enrolled in the @entity5 Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort in 1992. During the 15 year follow-up, 816 @entity0 cases were diagnosed. Self-reported weight was collected before diagnosis at baseline and 10 years prior to baseline. The median @entity353 was 11 lbs, but only 58% of the @entity1 maintained this @entity353 through the first 5 year follow-up interval (1992-1997). Using both restricted cubic splines and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling, we observed no association between @entity0 . The hazard ratio for 30+ pounds of @entity353 compared to stable weight was 0.95 (95%: CI 0.47-1.95). An inverse association was, however, suggested among @entity1 who maintained ten or more pounds of @entity353 through the next interval. There was no evidence of effect modification by postmenopausal hormone use, initial BMI, or other factors examined. In summary, @entity353 was not associated with @entity0 in this study. Future studies should focus on sustained @entity353 and whether the timing of @entity353 is important.

title: @entity0 in a prospective cohort of overweight and XXXX US @entity1 .

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: Overweight and @entity28 are associated with increased @entity0 risk; however, it is unclear whether losing excess weight will lower risk. Therefore, we examined the relationship between @entity0 among 13,055 overweight and @entity28 , @entity5 -free @entity1 who enrolled in the @entity5 Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort in 1992. During the 15 year follow-up, 816 @entity0 cases were diagnosed. Self-reported weight was collected before diagnosis at baseline and 10 years prior to baseline. The median @entity353 was 11 lbs, but only 58% of the @entity1 maintained this @entity353 through the first 5 year follow-up interval (1992-1997). Using both restricted cubic splines and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling, we observed no association between @entity0 . The hazard ratio for 30+ pounds of @entity353 compared to stable weight was 0.95 (95%: CI 0.47-1.95). An inverse association was, however, suggested among @entity1 who maintained ten or more pounds of @entity353 through the next interval. There was no evidence of effect modification by postmenopausal hormone use, initial BMI, or other factors examined. In summary, @entity353 was not associated with @entity0 in this study. Future studies should focus on sustained @entity353 and whether the timing of @entity353 is important.

title: @entity0 in a prospective cohort of overweight and @entity28 US XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify a reliable method of performing @entity386 testing as part of @entity1620 determination in adult @entity1 who develop loss of brainstem reflexes while receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). ECMO provides extracirculatory support to @entity1 in @entity177 who would otherwise be expected to die. Many studies have reported @entity1620 as a potential complication of adult ECMO, but none have cited how @entity386 testing was performed in these @entity1 . METHODS: This retrospective review identified adults 15 years or older treated with ECMO at our institution (2002-2010) and the method of determination of @entity1620 when complete loss of brainstem reflexes occurred. RESULTS: Loss of all brainstem reflexes was identified in three cases (3/87, 3.4%). The @entity386 test was not performed since it was deemed "difficult," leading to withdrawal of ECMO and intensive care. Ancillary tests such as cerebral flow studies were not used because they may not document absent cerebral arterial flow due to the ischemic nature of the injury. We propose the use of an oxygenated @entity386 test on ECMO using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) through the ventilator or anesthesia bag, with an inline manometer and an end tidal @entity515 device. CONCLUSION: @entity386 testing is essential in the determination of @entity1620 , but may not be employed in ECMO-treated adult @entity1 . @entity386 testing using the above protocol may assist in better decision making for adult ECMO @entity1 at risk of @entity1620 .

title: The challenges with XXXX determination in adult @entity1 on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

answer: @entity1620 :: (MESH:D001926,Disease) :: ['brain death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify a reliable method of performing @entity386 testing as part of @entity1620 determination in adult @entity1 who develop loss of brainstem reflexes while receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). ECMO provides extracirculatory support to @entity1 in @entity177 who would otherwise be expected to die. Many studies have reported @entity1620 as a potential complication of adult ECMO, but none have cited how @entity386 testing was performed in these @entity1 . METHODS: This retrospective review identified adults 15 years or older treated with ECMO at our institution (2002-2010) and the method of determination of @entity1620 when complete loss of brainstem reflexes occurred. RESULTS: Loss of all brainstem reflexes was identified in three cases (3/87, 3.4%). The @entity386 test was not performed since it was deemed "difficult," leading to withdrawal of ECMO and intensive care. Ancillary tests such as cerebral flow studies were not used because they may not document absent cerebral arterial flow due to the ischemic nature of the injury. We propose the use of an oxygenated @entity386 test on ECMO using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) through the ventilator or anesthesia bag, with an inline manometer and an end tidal @entity515 device. CONCLUSION: @entity386 testing is essential in the determination of @entity1620 , but may not be employed in ECMO-treated adult @entity1 . @entity386 testing using the above protocol may assist in better decision making for adult ECMO @entity1 at risk of @entity1620 .

title: The challenges with @entity1620 determination in adult XXXX on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A number of ethical considerations arise with regard to screening for, detecting, and managing @entity2241 . Some of these considerations involve the need to give @entity71 the pregnant @entity1 might be experiencing. The ethical principle of beneficence gives rise to a duty of the obstetrician to provide emotional support when needed in relation to screening, confirmatory testing, giving bad news, making abortion decisions, making management decisions after viability, and dealing with the grieving process. Other issues involve ethical decision-making, such as deciding what recommendations to make concerning management of @entity2241 after viability. The ethical principle of autonomy creates a duty of the obstetrician to help the pregnant @entity1 make informed management decisions based on her values and goals. A recommendation for a particular approach to management is sometimes ethically justifiable on the basis of an analysis of the risks and benefits to the mother and fetus. Legal considerations are relevant because they create requirements or prohibitions that must be taken into account in ethical decision-making. The discussion in this article does not exhaust the range of issues that arise. For example, sometimes a delivery procedure is considered that is traumatic to the fetus, such as cephalocentesis for vaginal delivery of a fetus with @entity1276 . The reader is referred to other sources for a discussion of the ethics of delivery procedures that might injure or kill the fetus. Other issues involve deciding when there is a duty to offer new prenatal genetic tests, routinely or for high-risk couples, and whether to carry out maternal requests for prenatal tests for late-onset diseases and susceptibilities to diseases. These issues have been discussed elsewhere.

title: XXXX : ethical and legal considerations in screening, detection, and management.

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention to emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephaly']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal anomalies']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['Fetal anomalies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to describe lawsuits against providers for failing to order head computed tomography (CT) in cases of @entity542 and to determine the potential effects of available clinical decision rules (CDRs) on each lawsuit. METHODS: The authors collected jury verdicts, settlements, and court opinions regarding alleged malpractice for failure to order head CT in the setting of @entity542 from 1972 through February 2014 from an online legal research tool (WestlawNext). Data were abstracted onto a standardized data form. The performance of five CDRs was evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty relevant cases were identified (52 adult, eight @entity1 ). Of 48 cases with known outcomes, providers were found negligent in 10 cases (six adult, four pediatric), settled in 11 cases (nine adult, two pediatric), and were found not liable in 27 cases. In all 10 cases in which providers were found negligent, every applicable @entity7958 studied would have indicated the need for head CT. In all eight cases involving @entity1 , the applicable @entity7958 would have suggested the need for head CT or observation. CONCLUSIONS: A review of legal cases reported in a major online legal research system revealed 60 lawsuits in which providers were sued for failing to order head CTs in cases of @entity542 . In all cases in which providers were found negligent, CT imaging or observation would have been indicated by every applicable @entity7958 .

title: Failure to Obtain Computed Tomography Imaging in XXXX : A Review of Relevant Case Law.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head Trauma']


abstract: Along with hepatotoxicity, @entity1370 side effects remain one of the major reasons for drug withdrawals and boxed warnings. Prediction methods for @entity1370 are insufficient. High content screening comprising of not only electrophysiological characterization but also cellular molecular alterations are expected to improve the @entity1370 prediction potential. Metabolomic approaches recently have become an important focus of research in pharmacological testing and prediction. In this study, the culture medium supernatants from @entity37462 cardiomyocytes after exposure to drugs from different classes (analgesics, antimetabolites, @entity8253 , antihistamines, channel blockers) were analyzed to determine specific metabolic footprints in response to the tested drugs. Since most drugs influence energy metabolism in cardiac cells, the metabolite "sub-profile" consisting of @entity413 , @entity880 , @entity2388 and @entity1522 was considered. These metabolites were quantified using HPLC in samples after exposure of cells to test compounds of the respective drug groups. The studied drug concentrations were selected from concentration response curves for each drug. The metabolite profiles were randomly split into training/validation and test set; and then analysed using multivariate statistics (principal component analysis and discriminant analysis). Discriminant analysis resulted in clustering of drugs according to their modes of action. After cross validation and cross model validation, the underlying training data were able to predict 50%-80% of conditions to the correct classification group. We show that HPLC based characterisation of known cell culture medium components is sufficient to predict a drug's potential classification according to its mode of action.

title: Metabolic profiling using HPLC allows classification of drugs according to their mechanisms of action in XXXX cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic', 'cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity37462 :: (55600,Gene) :: ['HL-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Most studies of @entity2817 are small and performed at a single center. We investigated the epidemiology and management of @entity694 by using a national endoscopy database. METHODS: Colonoscopy reports (n = 229,727; generated from January 2000 to December 2002) from @entity1 with documented @entity2817 (n = 4159) were retrieved from the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative. Predictors of occult or overt @entity190 and endoscopic treatment were identified by using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Most @entity1 with documented @entity2817 were older than 60 years (73%) or had right-sided lesions (62%). There was evidence of @entity190 in 56% of @entity1 with @entity2817 . Predictors of @entity190 included inpatient status (odds ratio [OR], 8.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.42-14.10), 2-10 @entity2817 (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.29-1.75), more than 10 lesions (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.69-2.80), black race (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.46-2.62), severe @entity221 (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.62-2.41), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.32-2.22), and age older than 80 years (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63). Endoscopic therapy was given to 28% of @entity1 with evidence of @entity190 and in 68% with active @entity548 . Endoscopic treatment increased among @entity1 in a university practice setting (vs community setting, OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.96-3.27) and decreased in Northwest geographic locations (vs Southwest, OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of @entity190 in @entity1 with @entity694 include inpatient status, comorbidities, age, race/ethnicity, and lesion number. Endoscopic therapy for @entity2817 varied according to practice setting and region.

title: Factors that contribute to @entity190 in @entity1 with XXXX from a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasia', 'angiodysplasias']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic angiodysplasia']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic angiodysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Most studies of @entity2817 are small and performed at a single center. We investigated the epidemiology and management of @entity694 by using a national endoscopy database. METHODS: Colonoscopy reports (n = 229,727; generated from January 2000 to December 2002) from @entity1 with documented @entity2817 (n = 4159) were retrieved from the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative. Predictors of occult or overt @entity190 and endoscopic treatment were identified by using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Most @entity1 with documented @entity2817 were older than 60 years (73%) or had right-sided lesions (62%). There was evidence of @entity190 in 56% of @entity1 with @entity2817 . Predictors of @entity190 included inpatient status (odds ratio [OR], 8.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.42-14.10), 2-10 @entity2817 (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.29-1.75), more than 10 lesions (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.69-2.80), black race (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.46-2.62), severe @entity221 (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.62-2.41), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.32-2.22), and age older than 80 years (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63). Endoscopic therapy was given to 28% of @entity1 with evidence of @entity190 and in 68% with active @entity548 . Endoscopic treatment increased among @entity1 in a university practice setting (vs community setting, OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.96-3.27) and decreased in Northwest geographic locations (vs Southwest, OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of @entity190 in @entity1 with @entity694 include inpatient status, comorbidities, age, race/ethnicity, and lesion number. Endoscopic therapy for @entity2817 varied according to practice setting and region.

title: Factors that contribute to XXXX in @entity1 with @entity694 from a population-based study.

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Most studies of @entity2817 are small and performed at a single center. We investigated the epidemiology and management of @entity694 by using a national endoscopy database. METHODS: Colonoscopy reports (n = 229,727; generated from January 2000 to December 2002) from @entity1 with documented @entity2817 (n = 4159) were retrieved from the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative. Predictors of occult or overt @entity190 and endoscopic treatment were identified by using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Most @entity1 with documented @entity2817 were older than 60 years (73%) or had right-sided lesions (62%). There was evidence of @entity190 in 56% of @entity1 with @entity2817 . Predictors of @entity190 included inpatient status (odds ratio [OR], 8.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.42-14.10), 2-10 @entity2817 (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.29-1.75), more than 10 lesions (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.69-2.80), black race (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.46-2.62), severe @entity221 (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.62-2.41), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.32-2.22), and age older than 80 years (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63). Endoscopic therapy was given to 28% of @entity1 with evidence of @entity190 and in 68% with active @entity548 . Endoscopic treatment increased among @entity1 in a university practice setting (vs community setting, OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.96-3.27) and decreased in Northwest geographic locations (vs Southwest, OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of @entity190 in @entity1 with @entity694 include inpatient status, comorbidities, age, race/ethnicity, and lesion number. Endoscopic therapy for @entity2817 varied according to practice setting and region.

title: Factors that contribute to @entity190 in XXXX with @entity694 from a population-based study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficiency and reliability of performing Burch colposuspension at the time of cesarean delivery for genuine stress urinary @entity322 diagnosed before pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Eight @entity1 diagnosed with genuine stress urinary @entity322 before pregnancy were included in this prospective, descriptive study. They underwent Burch colposuspension at the time of elective cesarean delivery. Sociodemographic characteristics of the @entity1 , total operation time, intraoperative @entity190 , amount of fluid flowing from the hemovac drain in the space of Retzius, postoperative analgesic need and length of hospitalization were recorded. @entity1 were reevaluated on postoperative week 6, as well as at 6 and 12 months. The descriptive statistics of the @entity1 were performed using the SPSS 9.0 statistical program (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois). RESULTS: Total operation time was 37 +/- 7 minutes, average intraoperative @entity190 was 345 +/- 23 mL, amount of serosanguineous fluid flowing from the hemovac drain placed in the space of Retzius was 31 +/- 3.6 mL, and the length hospitalization was 5 +/- 0 days. None of the @entity1 needed additional analgesics during the postoperative period. No intraoperative or @entity260 occurred. When the @entity1 were evaluated during follow-up, they had no symptoms of @entity322 . The @entity2708 -tipped-swab and stress test findings were normal. CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study indicate that Burch colposuspension performed at the time of cesarean delivery for genuine stress urinary @entity322 diagnosed before pregnancy is effective and reliable.

title: Burch colposuspension performed at cesarean delivery in pregnancies complicated by genuine stress urinary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Such learning programs as "School-club for Coronary @entity1 " SCCP) are very important for rehabilitation of outpatients with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) after reconstructive operations on the coronary vessels. The authors summarize pilot experience gained in the activity of the SCCP at the Consulting and Diagnostic Center set up in 2000. The group of lecturers included a cardiologist, a urologist-andrologist, a physiotherapist, a phytotherapist and others. Participation of a dietitian is desirable. The activity of the SCCP aimed at explanation of the role of risk factors in development and progression of @entity301 , of the mechanisms of action of the most effective medicines applied in the treatment of @entity301 and arterial @entity101 , teaching @entity301 @entity1 current methods of non-drug therapy, activation of motivation for successful treatment. The curriculum is designed for 12 lessons which covers information on the structure and function of the cardiovascular system, causes of the onset and progression of @entity301 , principles of @entity301 treatments, methods of health restoration after @entity583 and operations on the coronary vessels. The response to the questionnaires filled in by the learners who have undergone reconstructive surgery on the coronary vessels show that the number of the learners taking the prescribed drugs regularly raised from 77.1 to 95.8%. The recommended doses were followed by 64.6% instead of 18.8%. The diet was kept by 52.1% @entity1 instead of 29.2%. The number of exercising @entity301 @entity1 raised from 12.5 to 58.3%. It is evident that training of @entity301 @entity1 after surgery on the coronary vessels or MI in SCCP is an essential method to improve quality of treatment, prevention of complications, the disease prognosis. This experience should be widely introduced into the practice of outpatient departments.

title: [Learning of XXXX with ischemic heart disease after operations on the coronary arteries at the "School-Club for Coronary @entity1 "].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Such learning programs as "School-club for Coronary @entity1 " SCCP) are very important for rehabilitation of outpatients with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) after reconstructive operations on the coronary vessels. The authors summarize pilot experience gained in the activity of the SCCP at the Consulting and Diagnostic Center set up in 2000. The group of lecturers included a cardiologist, a urologist-andrologist, a physiotherapist, a phytotherapist and others. Participation of a dietitian is desirable. The activity of the SCCP aimed at explanation of the role of risk factors in development and progression of @entity301 , of the mechanisms of action of the most effective medicines applied in the treatment of @entity301 and arterial @entity101 , teaching @entity301 @entity1 current methods of non-drug therapy, activation of motivation for successful treatment. The curriculum is designed for 12 lessons which covers information on the structure and function of the cardiovascular system, causes of the onset and progression of @entity301 , principles of @entity301 treatments, methods of health restoration after @entity583 and operations on the coronary vessels. The response to the questionnaires filled in by the learners who have undergone reconstructive surgery on the coronary vessels show that the number of the learners taking the prescribed drugs regularly raised from 77.1 to 95.8%. The recommended doses were followed by 64.6% instead of 18.8%. The diet was kept by 52.1% @entity1 instead of 29.2%. The number of exercising @entity301 @entity1 raised from 12.5 to 58.3%. It is evident that training of @entity301 @entity1 after surgery on the coronary vessels or MI in SCCP is an essential method to improve quality of treatment, prevention of complications, the disease prognosis. This experience should be widely introduced into the practice of outpatient departments.

title: [Learning of @entity1 with ischemic heart disease after operations on the coronary arteries at the "School-Club for Coronary XXXX "].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether sustained infusion of recombinant @entity1 placental growth factor-2 (rhPlGF-2) improves myocardial perfusion and left ventricular (LV) function in a porcine model of @entity296 ( @entity296 ). METHODS: We induced @entity741 using a flow-limiting stent in the LAD. Four weeks later, we randomized @entity1707 with confirmed @entity296 to blinded rhPlGF-2 administration (PlGF2, 15 g/kg/day, 14days) or PBS (CON). At 8weeks, we measured hemodynamics, contractile function and regional perfusion at rest and during stress using MRI and microspheres. We evaluated neovascularization post mortem. RESULTS: RhPlGF-2 administration increased @entity72485 serum levels more than 63-fold (833  361 versus 11  5pg/ml CON, P<0.05) without adverse effects. After 4weeks, rhPlGF-2 significantly enhanced perfusion in the @entity63 region at rest (0.83  0.32 versus 0.58  0.21ml/min/g CON, P<0.05) and during @entity450 (1.50  0.50 versus 1.02  0.46ml/min/g CON, P<0.05). Consequently, regional contractile function in rhPlGF-2-treated @entity1707 improved at rest (37  15% versus 23  9% CON, P<0.05) and during high dose @entity452 stress (53  31% versus 27  16% CON, P<0.05). Enhanced perfusion translated into a greater improvement in LV ejection fraction and in preload-recruitable @entity64 work in rhPlGF-2-treated animals than in CON (52  11 versus 41  9%, and 76  24 versus 41  21mmHg, respectively, P<0.05 for both), which was associated with significantly greater vascular density in the @entity63 region. CONCLUSIONS: In chronic @entity296 , systemic rhPlGF-2 administration significantly enhances regional myocardial perfusion, contractile function at rest and during stress, and induces a prominent recovery of global cardiac function. @entity72485 -2 protein infusion is safe and may represent a promising therapy in chronic @entity296 .

title: Placental growth factor 2 - A potential therapeutic strategy for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'ICM', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of graded unilateral vs bilateral lateral rectus resection in the treatment of residual or recurrent @entity5971 after maximal medial rectus muscle recession. METHODS: Retrospective case series of @entity1 with residual or recurrent @entity5971 . All @entity1 underwent initial eye muscle surgery for angles of 40 to 60 prism diopters (medial rectus recession of 5.5-6.5 mm; 11.0-11.5 mm from surgical limbus). If significant @entity5971 persisted or recurred, surgical results from graded lateral rectus resection were recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 were identified for the study. Unilateral lateral rectus resection ranging from 4 to 7 mm resulted in mean esotropic corrections of 10.5 to 14.9 prism diopters. Differences in surgical response per millimeter of unilateral lateral rectus resection were not significant. Bilateral lateral rectus resection of 5, 6, and 7 mm resulted in a mean correction of 19.75, 28.75, and 33.5 prism diopters, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Graded lateral rectus resection can produce highly variable results on a case-to-case basis, but mean values trend in the expected direction. Residual deviations larger than 15 prism diopters need to be addressed with bilateral surgery.

title: Surgical management of residual or recurrent XXXX following maximal bilateral medial rectus recession.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: One hundred sixty-one cases of @entity2418 (111 previously reported in which details concerning individual @entity1 were given and 50 observed) were analyzed for occurrence and type of @entity854 . Only 5 @entity1 had a normal heart. Interrupted aortic arch type B was the @entity154 in 48 @entity1 and persistent truncus arteriosus in 37. Therefore, in about half of the @entity1 with @entity2418 the @entity154 was one that is rare. Conversely, of those @entity1 with interrupted aortic arch, 68% had @entity2418 , as did 33% of all @entity1 with truncus arteriosus. Although @entity215 was also seen often in @entity2418 (10 @entity1 ), these cases represented less than 2% of the total number of cases of @entity215 . Similarly, less than 1% of @entity1 with isolated @entity1757 had @entity2418 . The @entity854 always involved the aortic arch system or the arterial pole of the heart. Recent studies show that neural crest cells play a crucial role in development of pharyngeal (bronchial) pouch derivatives, e.g., thymus and parathyroid glands, as well as the aortic arches and the truncoconal part of the heart. These studies and present observations support the view that @entity2418 and the associated @entity854 are due to an abnormal developmental process involving the neural crest. Curiously, no instances of @entity20427 or anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta (hemitruncus) have been associated with @entity2418 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in @entity2418 and importance of neural crest as a possible pathogenetic factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['major anomaly']

entities_list: @entity20427 :: ('MESH:D001028', 'Disease') :: ['aortopulmonary septal defect']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect or transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['primary cardiovascular anomaly', 'cardiovascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['DiGeorge syndrome']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular anomalies']


abstract: One hundred sixty-one cases of @entity2418 (111 previously reported in which details concerning individual @entity1 were given and 50 observed) were analyzed for occurrence and type of @entity854 . Only 5 @entity1 had a normal heart. Interrupted aortic arch type B was the @entity154 in 48 @entity1 and persistent truncus arteriosus in 37. Therefore, in about half of the @entity1 with @entity2418 the @entity154 was one that is rare. Conversely, of those @entity1 with interrupted aortic arch, 68% had @entity2418 , as did 33% of all @entity1 with truncus arteriosus. Although @entity215 was also seen often in @entity2418 (10 @entity1 ), these cases represented less than 2% of the total number of cases of @entity215 . Similarly, less than 1% of @entity1 with isolated @entity1757 had @entity2418 . The @entity854 always involved the aortic arch system or the arterial pole of the heart. Recent studies show that neural crest cells play a crucial role in development of pharyngeal (bronchial) pouch derivatives, e.g., thymus and parathyroid glands, as well as the aortic arches and the truncoconal part of the heart. These studies and present observations support the view that @entity2418 and the associated @entity854 are due to an abnormal developmental process involving the neural crest. Curiously, no instances of @entity20427 or anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta (hemitruncus) have been associated with @entity2418 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity854 in XXXX and importance of neural crest as a possible pathogenetic factor.

answer: @entity2418 :: (MESH:D004062,Disease) :: ['DiGeorge syndrome']