abstract: PURPOSE: The adolescent and young adult (AYA) population is underserved because of unique late-effect issues, particularly future fertility. This study sought to establish rates of documentation of discussion of risk of @entity249 , fertility preservation (FP) options, and referrals to fertility specialists in AYA @entity1 ' medical records at four @entity5 centers. METHODS: All centers reviewed randomized records within the top four AYA disease sites (breast, @entity1778 / @entity706 , @entity242 , and testicular). Eligible records included those of @entity1 : diagnosed in 2011, with no prior receipt of gonadotoxic therapy; age 18 to 45 years; with no multiple primary @entity5 ; and for whom record was not second opinion. Quality Oncology Practice Initiative methods were used to evaluate documentation of discussion of risk of @entity249 , discussion of FP options, and referral to a fertility specialist. RESULTS: Of 231 records, 26% documented @entity249 risk discussion, 24% documented FP option discussion, and 13% documented referral to a fertility specialist. Records were less likely to contain evidence of @entity249 risk and FP option discussions for female @entity1 (P = .030 and .004, respectively) and those with @entity0 (P = .021 and < .001, respectively). Records for Hispanic/Latino @entity1 were less likely to contain evidence of @entity249 risk discussion (P = .037). Records were less likely to document @entity249 risk discussion, FP option discussion, and fertility specialist referral for @entity1 age >=  40 years (P < .001, < .001, and .002, respectively) and those who already had @entity1 (all P < .001). CONCLUSION: The overall rate of documentation of discussion of FP is low, and results show disparities among specific groups. Although greater numbers of discussions may be occurring, there is a need to create interventions to improve documentation.

title: If You Did Not Document It, It Did Not Happen: Rates of Documentation of Discussion of Infertility Risk in Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology XXXX ' Medical Records.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the clinical and pathologic staging of @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity189 ) in @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) after undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) and determine the impact of UCBD on recurrence and survival. METHODS: We reviewed our institutional database of @entity1 who underwent RC for @entity189 (1971-2009). Outcomes were compared between @entity1 with and without UCBD. Kaplan-Meier curves estimated @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Multivariable Cox regression evaluated associations between UCBD and survival. RESULTS: Inclusion criteria were met in 1991 @entity1 . UCBD was seen in 77 (4  %) @entity1 and occurred exclusively in @entity1 (mean age 68      8.5  years). The highest pathologic stage @entity5 was found in the @entity1494 in 44 (57  %) of these @entity1 . Pathologic upstaging was more common with UCBD compared with @entity189 not in @entity1494 (48 vs. 39  %, p  =  0.031). On univariate analysis, no differences in @entity1349 or @entity1349 were observed comparing @entity1 with or without UCBD stratified by clinically organ-confined ( <=T2) and extravesical (>T2) disease. On multivariable analysis, the presence of UCBD was not associated with differences in @entity1349 (HR 0.92, 95  % CI 0.59-1.42, p  =  0.69) or @entity1349 (HR 0.98, 95  % CI 0.74-1.31, p  =  0.92). CONCLUSION: Upstaging was common in @entity1 with UCBD, observed in almost half of the @entity1 . There were no differences in @entity1349 or @entity1349 after RC when comparing @entity1 with or without @entity189 in a diverticulum stratified by stage.

title: XXXX in @entity1494 : outcomes after radical cystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder diverticula', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the clinical and pathologic staging of @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity189 ) in @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) after undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) and determine the impact of UCBD on recurrence and survival. METHODS: We reviewed our institutional database of @entity1 who underwent RC for @entity189 (1971-2009). Outcomes were compared between @entity1 with and without UCBD. Kaplan-Meier curves estimated @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Multivariable Cox regression evaluated associations between UCBD and survival. RESULTS: Inclusion criteria were met in 1991 @entity1 . UCBD was seen in 77 (4  %) @entity1 and occurred exclusively in @entity1 (mean age 68      8.5  years). The highest pathologic stage @entity5 was found in the @entity1494 in 44 (57  %) of these @entity1 . Pathologic upstaging was more common with UCBD compared with @entity189 not in @entity1494 (48 vs. 39  %, p  =  0.031). On univariate analysis, no differences in @entity1349 or @entity1349 were observed comparing @entity1 with or without UCBD stratified by clinically organ-confined ( <=T2) and extravesical (>T2) disease. On multivariable analysis, the presence of UCBD was not associated with differences in @entity1349 (HR 0.92, 95  % CI 0.59-1.42, p  =  0.69) or @entity1349 (HR 0.98, 95  % CI 0.74-1.31, p  =  0.92). CONCLUSION: Upstaging was common in @entity1 with UCBD, observed in almost half of the @entity1 . There were no differences in @entity1349 or @entity1349 after RC when comparing @entity1 with or without @entity189 in a diverticulum stratified by stage.

title: @entity189 in XXXX : outcomes after radical cystectomy.

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder diverticula']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Preterm premature rupture of membranes causes 40% of all preterm births, affecting 150000 @entity1 each year in the United States. Prenatal diagnostic procedures and surgical interventions increase incidence of adverse events, leading to iatrogenic membrane rupture after a fetoscopic procedure in 45% of cases. We propose an ultrathin, self-adherent, poly-L-lactic acid patch ("nanofilm") as a reparative wound closure after endoscopic/fetoscopic procedures. These nanofilms are compatible with application in wet conditions and with minimally invasive instrumentation. Ex vivo studies to evaluate the nanofilm were conducted using @entity1 chorion-amnion (CA) membranes. A custom-built inflation device was used for mechanical characterization of CA membranes and for assessment of nanofilm adhesion and sealing of membrane defects up to 3  mm in size. These ex vivo tests demonstrated the ability of the nanofilm to seal @entity1 @entity5870 ranging in size from 1 to 3  mm in diameter. In vivo survival studies were conducted in 25 mid-gestational @entity95 , defects were created by perforating the uterus and the CA membranes and subsequently using the nanofilm to seal these wounds. These in vivo studies confirmed the successful sealing of defects smaller than 3  mm observed ex vivo. Histological analysis of whole harvested uteri 7  days after surgery showed intact uterine walls in 59% of the nanofilm repaired fetuses, along with increased uterine size and intrauterine development in 63% of the cases. In summary, we have developed an ultrathin, self-adhesive nanofilm for repair of uterine membrane defects.

title: Repairing Fetal Membranes with a Self-adhesive Ultrathin Polymeric Film: Evaluation in Mid-gestational XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['CA defects']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['Rabbit']


abstract: In cases of advanced @entity5 with @entity8 in high-risk @entity1 , the possibility of performing a laparoscopic instead of an open cutaneous ureterostomy should be considered. We performed laparoscopic cutaneous ureterostomy in three male @entity1 , two with @entity263 and one with @entity150 , and in one female @entity1 with uterine @entity5 . Five operative ports were used. The ureters were identified, dissected, severed, and passed through two 10-mm ports; and cutaneous ureterostomies were performed in the usual manner. The mean operative time was 96 minutes. @entity1 were discharged after 5 to 7 (mean 6) days. The two @entity1 with @entity263 are now in treatment with @entity1176 analogues with a follow-up of 3 and 7 months. The @entity1 with @entity150 underwent palliative radiotherapy and is well after 6 months. The @entity1 with uterine @entity5 has stable disease after 3 months. Laparoscopic urinary diversion causes less discomfort and has a low complication rate and may be the first-choice diversion in @entity1 with @entity5 who have a life expectancy longer than 6 months.

title: Laparoscopic bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy for palliation of ureteral obstruction caused by advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function secondary to tumor infiltration']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urologic malignancies', 'cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pelvic cancer']


abstract: To better understand the role of insulin-related growth factors in neural development, we have characterized by in situ hybridization in @entity1573 embryonic retina the patterns of gene expression for insulin, insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity2090 ), their respective receptors and the @entity20020 ( @entity20020 ) from early stages (E6) until late stages (E18)--an analysis not performed yet in any species. In addition, we studied the effect of insulin and @entity2090 on cultured neuroepithelial cells. @entity52664 mRNA and @entity20023 mRNA were both present and showed a similar, widespread pattern throughout retina development. Insulin mRNA could be detected only by reverse transcription coupled to polymerase chain reaction. @entity2090 mRNA was concentrated in the ciliary processes and extraocular muscles early in development (embryonic day 6; E6) and in maturing retinal ganglion cells subsequently (E9-15). @entity20020 mRNA was preferentially localized in the more differentiated central retinal zone and was maximally concentrated in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers at E9. These findings suggest a near constitutive expression of @entity52664 and @entity2090 receptor genes, while @entity2090 and @entity20020 showed a highly focal spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. Insulin and @entity2090 , already at 10(-8) M, increased the proportion of PM1-positive neuroepithelial cells found in E5 retinal cultures without affecting significantly the total number of proliferating cells. Together, these data support the finding that, during early neurogenesis in @entity1573 retina, insulin and @entity2090 have a specific paracrine/autocrine action. This action, as well as possible effects elicited subsequently, may be dictated by restricted-local synthesis of the ligands and limited access to the factors contained in the vitreous humour. In the case of IGF's role, local IGFBPs expression can contribute to the fine modulation.

title: Insulin and insulin-like growth factor system components gene expression in the XXXX retina from early neurogenesis until late development and their effect on neuroepithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity52664 :: ('420133(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin receptor', 'insulin receptor']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: Using @entity1859 -labelled cRNA probes, relationships between morphological characteristics and in situ hybridization for cytokeratin (CK)-mRNAs were analysed in cases of @entity957 of variable differentiation and in balloon-cell formation within the oesophageal mucosa. The present results were correlated to our previous findings on normal oesophageal epithelium. Our results from in situ hybridization study on oesophageal @entity957 provide strong evidence that changes in CK expression occur with differences in malignant potential. Cells of poorly differentiated @entity189 lose an ability to produce CK-mRNAs characteristic of their normal progenitor cells. Moderately differentiated and, still more pronounced, well differentiated @entity189 cells retain an ability to produce CKs characteristic of their tissue of origin (CK 6, @entity6881 , @entity8844 and @entity4166 ). Furthermore, well differentiated @entity189 cells may also gain an ability to synthesize new types of CKs that are not characteristic of the normal oesophageal epithelium ( @entity10585 and @entity2873 characteristic of most simple epithelia, and @entity7434 characteristic of keratinizing epithelia). Moreover, some oesophageal CK-genes are expressed in an obviously higher amount (CK 6, @entity6881 , and @entity4166 ), but the expression of genes coding for the oesophageal differentiation-related CKs ( @entity14959 and @entity7435 ) is obviously decreased or apparently lost. At the interface zone, observed in sections of well differentiated @entity189 , @entity10585 and @entity2873 mRNA were expressed in intermediate cell layers, and the centrally located cell layers were found positive for @entity7434 mRNA. These findings largely extend the existing results from immunoblotting and immunohistochemical studies. The reduced or non-detectable expression of oesophageal differentiation-related CK-mRNAs ( @entity218 ) on the appearance of balloon cells, suggests molecular changes that may be a marker for pathological progression. In addition, the abundant expression of CK 6 and @entity6881 mRNA within areas of balloon-cell formation showing @entity1373 , and the higher expression of @entity4166 in comparison with normal epithelium, points rather to de-differentiation than to normal vertical differentiation of the oesophageal epithelium. Whether CK-mRNAs can be used as biomarkers for evaluation of oesophageal pathologies remains to be further elucidated.

title: Expression of cytokeratin-mRNAs in XXXX and balloon-cell formation of human oesophageal epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['basal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The drivers of conventional and, especially, alternative health care use for @entity1744 and functional @entity2210 are not clear. AIM: To determine the predictors of conventional and alternative health care use for @entity1744 and functional @entity2210 . METHODS: Two hundred and seven subjects with @entity1744 or functional @entity2210 , identified from a previous population survey, were included in the study. Individuals with @entity1744 were defined as consulters (n = 103) if they had visited their doctor for @entity344 more than once in the past year. Controls (n = 100) did not report having any @entity490 . Subjects were given structured interviews to assess the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - version IV (DSM-IV) and International Classification of Disorders - version 10 (ICD-10) @entity146 diagnosis for @entity148 , @entity308 , somatization or any @entity146 diagnosis, aspects of health care use and symptom factors. RESULTS: About one-half (n = 103, 49.8%) of community subjects with @entity1744 had sought conventional care for @entity344 in the past 12 months. Lifetime rates for alternative health care use for @entity344 were 20.8% (n = 43). Independent predictors of conventional health care use were more frequent @entity490 , greater interference of @entity344 with work and activities and a greater satisfaction with the physician- @entity1 relationship. Being female independently predicted alternative health care use. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological morbidity did not predict conventional or alternative health care use for @entity344 . Other factors were more important.

title: Predictors of conventional and alternative health care seeking for XXXX and functional @entity2210 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'irritable bowel syndrome/functional dyspepsia']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The drivers of conventional and, especially, alternative health care use for @entity1744 and functional @entity2210 are not clear. AIM: To determine the predictors of conventional and alternative health care use for @entity1744 and functional @entity2210 . METHODS: Two hundred and seven subjects with @entity1744 or functional @entity2210 , identified from a previous population survey, were included in the study. Individuals with @entity1744 were defined as consulters (n = 103) if they had visited their doctor for @entity344 more than once in the past year. Controls (n = 100) did not report having any @entity490 . Subjects were given structured interviews to assess the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - version IV (DSM-IV) and International Classification of Disorders - version 10 (ICD-10) @entity146 diagnosis for @entity148 , @entity308 , somatization or any @entity146 diagnosis, aspects of health care use and symptom factors. RESULTS: About one-half (n = 103, 49.8%) of community subjects with @entity1744 had sought conventional care for @entity344 in the past 12 months. Lifetime rates for alternative health care use for @entity344 were 20.8% (n = 43). Independent predictors of conventional health care use were more frequent @entity490 , greater interference of @entity344 with work and activities and a greater satisfaction with the physician- @entity1 relationship. Being female independently predicted alternative health care use. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological morbidity did not predict conventional or alternative health care use for @entity344 . Other factors were more important.

title: Predictors of conventional and alternative health care seeking for @entity1744 and functional XXXX .

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3085 is common in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 and has a direct impact on well-being and mortality. AIM: To test the hypothesis that @entity2816 can promote @entity1017 and lean body mass in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . METHODS: In an open-label study, 11 @entity1 with non-obstructing and inoperable @entity5 were established on an isocaloric diet for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks on @entity2816 , 200 mg daily. The primary end-points were weight change and lean body mass. Secondary end-points were quality of life and changes in resting energy expenditure. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 completed the study protocol. The average caloric intake remained the same throughout the study period in all @entity1 . Nine of 10 @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 0.60, 0.98) lost weight on diet alone. The mean @entity1017 on @entity2816 in the following 2 weeks was 1.29 kg (median, 1.25 kg). A similar trend was shown in the lean body mass. Eight of nine @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 0.57, 0.98) initially lost lean body mass on diet alone (missing data in one @entity1 ). The mean gain in lean body mass on @entity2816 in the following 2 weeks was 1.75 kg (median, 1.33 kg). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2816 treatment appeared to reverse the loss of weight and lean body mass over the 2-week trial period.

title: @entity5 and @entity3085 : the effect of short-term treatment with XXXX on weight loss and lean body mass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3085 is common in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 and has a direct impact on well-being and mortality. AIM: To test the hypothesis that @entity2816 can promote @entity1017 and lean body mass in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . METHODS: In an open-label study, 11 @entity1 with non-obstructing and inoperable @entity5 were established on an isocaloric diet for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks on @entity2816 , 200 mg daily. The primary end-points were weight change and lean body mass. Secondary end-points were quality of life and changes in resting energy expenditure. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 completed the study protocol. The average caloric intake remained the same throughout the study period in all @entity1 . Nine of 10 @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 0.60, 0.98) lost weight on diet alone. The mean @entity1017 on @entity2816 in the following 2 weeks was 1.29 kg (median, 1.25 kg). A similar trend was shown in the lean body mass. Eight of nine @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 0.57, 0.98) initially lost lean body mass on diet alone (missing data in one @entity1 ). The mean gain in lean body mass on @entity2816 in the following 2 weeks was 1.75 kg (median, 1.33 kg). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2816 treatment appeared to reverse the loss of weight and lean body mass over the 2-week trial period.

title: @entity5 and XXXX : the effect of short-term treatment with @entity2816 on weight loss and lean body mass.

answer: @entity3085 :: (MESH:D002100,Disease) :: ['cachexia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3085 is common in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 and has a direct impact on well-being and mortality. AIM: To test the hypothesis that @entity2816 can promote @entity1017 and lean body mass in @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . METHODS: In an open-label study, 11 @entity1 with non-obstructing and inoperable @entity5 were established on an isocaloric diet for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks on @entity2816 , 200 mg daily. The primary end-points were weight change and lean body mass. Secondary end-points were quality of life and changes in resting energy expenditure. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 completed the study protocol. The average caloric intake remained the same throughout the study period in all @entity1 . Nine of 10 @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 0.60, 0.98) lost weight on diet alone. The mean @entity1017 on @entity2816 in the following 2 weeks was 1.29 kg (median, 1.25 kg). A similar trend was shown in the lean body mass. Eight of nine @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 0.57, 0.98) initially lost lean body mass on diet alone (missing data in one @entity1 ). The mean gain in lean body mass on @entity2816 in the following 2 weeks was 1.75 kg (median, 1.33 kg). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2816 treatment appeared to reverse the loss of weight and lean body mass over the 2-week trial period.

title: XXXX and @entity3085 : the effect of short-term treatment with @entity2816 on weight loss and lean body mass.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Oesophageal cancer']


abstract: Wide-angle X-ray-diffraction experiments were used to investigate the molecular organization of barrier components of @entity1 stratum corneum. Diffraction lines related to the side-by-side lipid packing arrangements in the intercellular bilayers were identified as were patterns arising from secondary protein structures in intracellular keratin. Reflections were also identified which may be produced by proteins in the corneocyte envelopes. The effects of hydration on stratum corneum structure were monitored using 0, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and approximately 300% hydrated samples. The packing arrangements in the intercellular lipid bilayers remained the same over the entire hydration range, as did keratin structures. A new diffraction ring, attributable to liquid water, was produced by 300% hydrated samples with a repeat spacing of 0.35 to 0.30-0.29 nm. The effects of three @entity9534 enhancers, @entity4108 , @entity28964 and @entity12263 , on stratum corneum structure were monitored. Treatment with each of the @entity6399 produced additional reflections which were attributed to the presence of the respective liquid enhancers within the stratum corneum. @entity4108 produced an additional reflection at 0.503-0.489 nm, @entity28964 , an additional reflection at 0.486-0.471 nm and @entity12263 , an intense reflection at 0.583-0.578 nm. Reflections characteristic of gel-phase lipids and crystalline lipids also remained after all @entity9534 treatments. These results provide no clear evidence of lipid bilayer disruption by the @entity6399 and suggest that areas of liquid @entity9534 exist within the stratum corneum. The mechanisms underlying @entity2771 synergy with @entity9534 enhancers were investigated. Treatment of stratum corneum with each @entity9534 mixed with @entity2771 gave rise to two additional reflections. One reflection, always positioned at 0.452-0.448 nm, had been observed in control studies following @entity2771 treatment and may have been associated with bilayer structures disrupted by @entity2771 or altered keratin structures. The second reflection was developed by the respective @entity9534 enhancer. For example, treatment with a @entity12263 / @entity2771 mixture produced reflections at 0.457-0.451 nm ( @entity2771 -disrupted lipids or altered keratin) and 0.591-0.578 nm (liquid @entity12263 ). Since the reflection at 0.452-0.448 nm was unaffected by co-application of @entity2771 with @entity9534 enhancers, this study offers no evidence to support the theory that @entity2771 synergy with the @entity6399 occurs through enhanced lipid disruption.

title: Wide-angle X-ray diffraction of @entity1 stratum corneum: effects of hydration and XXXX enhancer treatment.

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity6399 :: ('MESH:D013729', 'Chemical') :: ['terpenes']

entities_list: @entity28964 :: ('MESH:C037055', 'Chemical') :: ['nerolidol']

entities_list: @entity9534 :: ('CHEBI:35186', 'Chemical') :: ['terpene']

answer: @entity9534 :: (CHEBI:35186,Chemical) :: ['terpene']


abstract: Wide-angle X-ray-diffraction experiments were used to investigate the molecular organization of barrier components of @entity1 stratum corneum. Diffraction lines related to the side-by-side lipid packing arrangements in the intercellular bilayers were identified as were patterns arising from secondary protein structures in intracellular keratin. Reflections were also identified which may be produced by proteins in the corneocyte envelopes. The effects of hydration on stratum corneum structure were monitored using 0, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and approximately 300% hydrated samples. The packing arrangements in the intercellular lipid bilayers remained the same over the entire hydration range, as did keratin structures. A new diffraction ring, attributable to liquid water, was produced by 300% hydrated samples with a repeat spacing of 0.35 to 0.30-0.29 nm. The effects of three @entity9534 enhancers, @entity4108 , @entity28964 and @entity12263 , on stratum corneum structure were monitored. Treatment with each of the @entity6399 produced additional reflections which were attributed to the presence of the respective liquid enhancers within the stratum corneum. @entity4108 produced an additional reflection at 0.503-0.489 nm, @entity28964 , an additional reflection at 0.486-0.471 nm and @entity12263 , an intense reflection at 0.583-0.578 nm. Reflections characteristic of gel-phase lipids and crystalline lipids also remained after all @entity9534 treatments. These results provide no clear evidence of lipid bilayer disruption by the @entity6399 and suggest that areas of liquid @entity9534 exist within the stratum corneum. The mechanisms underlying @entity2771 synergy with @entity9534 enhancers were investigated. Treatment of stratum corneum with each @entity9534 mixed with @entity2771 gave rise to two additional reflections. One reflection, always positioned at 0.452-0.448 nm, had been observed in control studies following @entity2771 treatment and may have been associated with bilayer structures disrupted by @entity2771 or altered keratin structures. The second reflection was developed by the respective @entity9534 enhancer. For example, treatment with a @entity12263 / @entity2771 mixture produced reflections at 0.457-0.451 nm ( @entity2771 -disrupted lipids or altered keratin) and 0.591-0.578 nm (liquid @entity12263 ). Since the reflection at 0.452-0.448 nm was unaffected by co-application of @entity2771 with @entity9534 enhancers, this study offers no evidence to support the theory that @entity2771 synergy with the @entity6399 occurs through enhanced lipid disruption.

title: Wide-angle X-ray diffraction of XXXX stratum corneum: effects of hydration and @entity9534 enhancer treatment.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Readmission to the hospital following a @entity173 is common, often involves an adverse event, and strains an already overburdened health care system. OBJECTIVES: To assess the rate of 30-day readmission to the hospital after discharge for care of @entity173 . A secondary objective was measurement of the 30-day mortality rate for those @entity1 readmitted versus those @entity1 not readmitted to the hospital after discharge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study design was a retrospective review of registry data comparing readmitted @entity1 to those not readmitted after @entity173 . Setting was a university affiliated level 3 @entity130 center. @entity1 : 1,081 @entity1 aged 65 and older. Measurements: rate of readmission, rate of mortality, predictors of readmission. RESULTS: 129 @entity1 (11.9  %) were readmitted to the hospital within 30  days of their initial discharge date. The primary causes of readmission were surgical in nature for 24/129 (18.6  %) @entity1 and 105/129 (81.4  %) were readmitted for medical or other reasons. Twenty-four (18.6  %) @entity1 who were readmitted died during readmission. The one-year mortality rate for @entity1 readmitted within 30  days was 56.2 vs. a 21.8  % 1-year mortality rate for those @entity1 not readmitted (p  <  0.0001). Independent predictors of readmission were age >85 (OR  =  1.52; p  =  0.03), time to surgery >24  h (OR  =  1.50; p  =  0.05), Charlson score >= 4 (OR  =  1.70; p  =  0.04), @entity933 (OR  =  1.65; p  =  0.01), @entity303 (OR  =  1.61; p  =  0.01), history of @entity943 with pacemaker placement (OR  =  1.75; p  =  0.02), and presence of a pre-op @entity943 (OR  =  1.62; p  =  0.02). CONCLUSION: Readmission after @entity173 is harmful and undesirable-18.6  % of readmitted @entity1 died during their readmission and the average length of stay was 8.7  days. Approximately one of every six readmissions was identified as potentially preventable with interventions.

title: Hospital readmission after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity785 is accompanied by an influx of activated phagocytes into distal airways. These cells release @entity274 , which may evaporate from the airways surface and be detected in expired breath condensate. We tested whether @entity1 with @entity785 exhale more @entity274 than healthy subjects and whether breath condensate @entity274 levels correlate with some clinical parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity274 was measured fluorimetrically in the expired breath condensate of 27 @entity1 (22 @entity1 , five @entity1 , mean age 49 +/- 13.1 years) with @entity785 and 27 age- and sex- matched healthy controls. RESULTS: Exhaled @entity274 levels were 3.5-fold higher (0.88 +/- 0.62 microM vs. 0.25 +/- 0.17 microM, P < 0.001) in the @entity1 with @entity785 than in the controls. Treatment with @entity786 and/or @entity229 (29 +/- 50 months, range 3-168 months) did not significantly decrease @entity274 exhalation (0.78 +/- 0.50 microM, n= 10 vs. 0.94 +/- 0.67 microM, n= 17, P > 0.05). No significant difference was found between @entity1 with limited and @entity7087 (1.03 +/- 0.69 microM, n= 17 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.41 microM, n= 10, P > 0.05). @entity274 levels correlated with disease duration (r = 0.38, P < 0.05) and time from the first Raynaud's episode (r = 0.44, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity785 exhale more @entity274 than healthy controls, suggesting involvement of reactive @entity26 species in disease processes. Lack of significant intergroups differences in @entity274 levels may have resulted from the small number of @entity1 analyzed.

title: Elevated exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic sclerosis', 'systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity785 is accompanied by an influx of activated phagocytes into distal airways. These cells release @entity274 , which may evaporate from the airways surface and be detected in expired breath condensate. We tested whether @entity1 with @entity785 exhale more @entity274 than healthy subjects and whether breath condensate @entity274 levels correlate with some clinical parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity274 was measured fluorimetrically in the expired breath condensate of 27 @entity1 (22 @entity1 , five @entity1 , mean age 49 +/- 13.1 years) with @entity785 and 27 age- and sex- matched healthy controls. RESULTS: Exhaled @entity274 levels were 3.5-fold higher (0.88 +/- 0.62 microM vs. 0.25 +/- 0.17 microM, P < 0.001) in the @entity1 with @entity785 than in the controls. Treatment with @entity786 and/or @entity229 (29 +/- 50 months, range 3-168 months) did not significantly decrease @entity274 exhalation (0.78 +/- 0.50 microM, n= 10 vs. 0.94 +/- 0.67 microM, n= 17, P > 0.05). No significant difference was found between @entity1 with limited and @entity7087 (1.03 +/- 0.69 microM, n= 17 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.41 microM, n= 10, P > 0.05). @entity274 levels correlated with disease duration (r = 0.38, P < 0.05) and time from the first Raynaud's episode (r = 0.44, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity785 exhale more @entity274 than healthy controls, suggesting involvement of reactive @entity26 species in disease processes. Lack of significant intergroups differences in @entity274 levels may have resulted from the small number of @entity1 analyzed.

title: Elevated exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in XXXX with @entity785 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection is increasing in popularity, in the absence of validated surgical indications. This retrospective study was performed to identify those @entity1 who would benefit from laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy. The case notes of 50 @entity1 who underwent bilateral open pelvic lymphadenectomy with frozen section examination were reviewed. The @entity1 were staged clinically as having A2 (16), B1 (20) and B2 (14) @entity263 . Except for the two @entity1 who had macroscopically involved pelvic lymph nodes at operation, all proceeded to total prostatectomy. Six @entity1 were found to have positive pelvic nodes. Of the six, four @entity1 were clinical stage B2, one was B1 and one was A2. The Gleason score of two of these six @entity1 was greater than seven. The @entity1486 (PSA) levels correlated more with high @entity5 volume (i.e. grade C) rather than with D1 disease. Frozen section at the time of lymphadenectomy had a false negative rate of 2 of 6. We conclude that laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissections (LPLND) should be performed where there is a high likelihood of @entity66 , @entity5 , poorly differentiated histology and a high PSA reading. We consider that such selective use of LPLND optimizes its diagnostic utility while minimizing its unnecessary application.

title: Indications for laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection in the staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['viz. bulky tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity977 rarely occur in childhood and adolescence, but their mass effect and endocrine abnormalities can compromise both quality and length of life. In this study we evaluated the symptoms at onset and the long-term consequences induced in teenagers by functioning or nonfunctioning @entity977 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : Clinical, biochemical and neuroradiological data of 44 young @entity1 (12 males and 32 females, aged 16.3 +/- 1.9 years at diagnosis) with @entity977 were evaluated retrospectively at baseline and after therapy. @entity1 underwent surgery, radiotherapy and/or medical treatment depending on clinical history and endocrine secretion of the @entity5 . Follow-up ranged from 8 to 252 months (median 55 months). MEASUREMENTS: Baseline and dynamic pituitary function were evaluated in all cases at diagnosis and after treatments. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scan were performed before therapy and during follow-up. Hormone levels were measured using commercial radioimmunologic or immunoradiometric methods. RESULTS: Pituitary macroadenomas (group 1) or microadenomas (group 2) were found in 61% and 39% of cases, respectively. Overall, 68% were @entity4090 -secreting, 7% GH-secreting, 5% ACTH-secreting and 20% nonfunctioning. The most frequent symptoms at onset were oligoamenorrhoea (62%) and @entity21696 (59%) in the @entity1 , and @entity10 (58%) in the @entity1 . Pubertal development was delayed in 12/27 (44%) cases with macroadenoma. @entity851 was observed in 4/44 (9%) @entity1 (3 in group 1 and 1 in group 2). At diagnosis, @entity4614 was detected in 10/27 (37%) @entity1 with macroadenoma. Surgery alone cured 4/18 (22%) and 4/9 (44%) @entity1 in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Adjuvant therapies (second surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or medical treatment) cured the disease in 2/13 (15%) @entity1 with macroadenoma and allowed a persistent normalization in other 4/13 (31%) and 2/4 (50%) cases in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Medical treatment alone cured 2/9 (22%) @entity1 with @entity4090 -secreting macroadenoma and normalized @entity4090 levels in another six (66%) with @entity2013 and in 2/7 (28%) @entity1 with @entity2013 . CONCLUSION: Delay of growth was rarely observed in teenagers with @entity977 . At the onset of the disease, many @entity1 complained of oligoamenorrhoea and @entity21696 , while @entity10 and delay of pubertal development were the symptoms more frequently referred by @entity1 . Surgery alone was effective in a minority of @entity1 and adjuvant therapies were helpful to obtain the remission of the disease in many cases. In @entity1 with @entity4090 -secreting @entity977 , medical treatment, both as first choice or as adjuvant therapy, normalizes serum @entity4090 levels in 14/27 (52%) cases.

title: Clinical presentation and outcome of XXXX in teenagers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Growth failure']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['macroprolactinoma', 'microprolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'Pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity21696 :: ('MESH:C535402', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhoea']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study describes clinical experience and curative effect of radiophotographically controlled nasointestinal intubation in the treatment of small intestine arrangement in recurrent @entity86 . A 300-cm-long nasointestinal tube was installed into the jejunum through the nasal cavity under radiophotographic observation in 25 @entity1 with recurrent @entity86 . The tube was advanced into the ileum by enterokinesia to relieve @entity2616 and conduct small bowel arrangement. Duration of tube installation was 13      11  min (range of 9-36  min). The success rate was 88  %. In 3 @entity1 , assistance by a gastroscope was required. Twenty-one out of 25 @entity1 were cured, making the cure rate of 84  %. The time for intestinal arrangement was 18.5      3  days. The @entity1 were followed up for 6  months to 2  years; there was 1 case of recurrence, while other @entity1 recovered smoothly with no recurrence. A non-surgical nasointestinal intubation under radiophotography is a simple, safe, and effective management with few complications and beneficial outcome in recurrent @entity86 .

title: Radiophotographically Controlled Nasointestinal Intubation to Treat Recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2616 :: ('MESH:D045823', 'Disease') :: ['adhesive ileus']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative adhesive ileus']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Adhesive Ileus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct an economic evaluation of @entity13586 and @entity12698 compared with high-dose @entity1443 or @entity5018 with and without @entity396 for @entity1 with symptomatic @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: A decision analysis model was designed over 6 months using two measures of effectiveness: 1) number of upper gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events averted; and 2) number of @entity1 who achieved perceptible @entity158 relief. Separate analyses were conducted for all @entity1 and for those who did not respond to @entity1443 . Outcome probabilities were obtained from a comprehensive review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Costs were derived from actual resource utilization of @entity571 @entity1 . RESULTS: In terms of averting GI events, @entity1443 dominates the other options for an average risk @entity1 population. For @entity1 who did not respond to @entity1443 , @entity13586 had the lowest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per GI event avoided (32,000 US dollars) relative to @entity5018 . In terms of @entity158 control, @entity5018 had an ICER of 610.77 US dollars per additional @entity1 achieving minimal perceptible clinical improvement (MPCI) relative to @entity1443 , while @entity13586 had an ICER of 12,000 US dollars relative to @entity5018 . For @entity1 who did not respond to @entity1443 and who are at high risk of developing an adverse GI event, @entity13586 dominates @entity5018 as the preferred alternative for both measures of effectiveness. One-way, two-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses established that these results were generally robust. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that for average-risk knee @entity571 @entity1 , @entity1443 dominates the other therapies in terms of cost per GI event averted. In terms of @entity158 relief, cost-effectiveness acceptability curves indicate that if one @entity158 relief below 275 US dollars per @entity1 achieving MPCI, @entity1443 is the therapy most likely to be optimal; between 275 US dollars and 14,150 US dollars, @entity5018 is most likely to be optimal; and above 14,150 US dollars, @entity13586 is most likely to be optimal.

title: The cost-effectiveness of @entity1443 , NSAIDs, and selective COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'values pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct an economic evaluation of @entity13586 and @entity12698 compared with high-dose @entity1443 or @entity5018 with and without @entity396 for @entity1 with symptomatic @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: A decision analysis model was designed over 6 months using two measures of effectiveness: 1) number of upper gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events averted; and 2) number of @entity1 who achieved perceptible @entity158 relief. Separate analyses were conducted for all @entity1 and for those who did not respond to @entity1443 . Outcome probabilities were obtained from a comprehensive review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Costs were derived from actual resource utilization of @entity571 @entity1 . RESULTS: In terms of averting GI events, @entity1443 dominates the other options for an average risk @entity1 population. For @entity1 who did not respond to @entity1443 , @entity13586 had the lowest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per GI event avoided (32,000 US dollars) relative to @entity5018 . In terms of @entity158 control, @entity5018 had an ICER of 610.77 US dollars per additional @entity1 achieving minimal perceptible clinical improvement (MPCI) relative to @entity1443 , while @entity13586 had an ICER of 12,000 US dollars relative to @entity5018 . For @entity1 who did not respond to @entity1443 and who are at high risk of developing an adverse GI event, @entity13586 dominates @entity5018 as the preferred alternative for both measures of effectiveness. One-way, two-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses established that these results were generally robust. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that for average-risk knee @entity571 @entity1 , @entity1443 dominates the other therapies in terms of cost per GI event averted. In terms of @entity158 relief, cost-effectiveness acceptability curves indicate that if one @entity158 relief below 275 US dollars per @entity1 achieving MPCI, @entity1443 is the therapy most likely to be optimal; between 275 US dollars and 14,150 US dollars, @entity5018 is most likely to be optimal; and above 14,150 US dollars, @entity13586 is most likely to be optimal.

title: The cost-effectiveness of XXXX , NSAIDs, and selective COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of symptomatic @entity626 .

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity17469 is a mucosa-associated epithelial-cell-produced chemokine involved in oral defense. We assessed the level of @entity17469 in saliva of primary Sj  gren's syndrome (pSS) @entity1 in comparison with healthy controls and correlated it with IgA salivary levels. We included 30 non-smoker pSS @entity1 and 30 non-smoker healthy controls paired by age (  5  years). Saliva samples were collected during the morning and kept frozen at -86    C until the analysis. Fifty microliters of saliva was diluted 3:1 with water and analyzed for @entity17469 salivary levels by ELISA method. The samples were tested in triplicate. IgA salivary levels were tested by ELISA method. We used descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test and Kendall's tau correlation coefficients. pSS @entity1 were mostly females (93.3  %), mean age 54.5      13.3  years and median disease duration of 7.6  years (0.5-33). @entity1 with pSS had lower levels of salivary @entity17469 when compared with controls [0 (0-1,272  pg/ml) vs. 94.4 (0-5,810) pg/ml, p  <  0.0001]. pSS @entity1 also had lower median levels of salivary IgA [72.55   g/ml (0.40-297.4)] than controls [131.9   g/ml (6.8-281.8)], although the latter results did not reach statistical significance (p  =  0.51). Among the SS group, there was no correlation between @entity17469 and IgA salivary levels nor between salivary IgA and disease duration, salivary flow, serum immunoglobulins or dental loss. @entity17469 was absent in saliva of pSS @entity1 ; however, this finding did not correlate with salivary IgA levels.

title: Absence of salivary XXXX in primary Sj  gren's syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity17469 :: (56477,Gene) :: ['CCL28']


abstract: Genomic studies developed to understand @entity2858 @entity281 and pathogenesis have often lead to conflicting results. This is linked to various factors, including differences in cohort design and selection, the numbers of @entity1 involved, the influence of population substructure, the ethnic origins of the @entity1 , and phenotypic definition. These difficulties in the interpretation of results are examined through published studies on the role of polymorphisms in HLA and the chemokine receptors genes in @entity791 . Our analysis suggests that the use of haplotypes will strengthen the results obtained in a given cohort, and meta-analysis including multiple cohorts to gather large-enough numbers of @entity1 should also allow clarification of the genetic associations observed. A P-value of 0.001 appears to be a good compromise for significance on candidate genes in a genetic study. Due to the generally limited size of available cohorts, results will have to be validated in other cohorts. We developed a model to fit transversal case studies (extreme case-control studies) with longitudinal cohorts (all-stages @entity1 ) for observations on two gene polymorphisms of @entity5075 and @entity5878 . Interestingly, we observe a protective effect for the @entity5075 - @entity24669 mutant allele in 95% of the simulations based on that model when using a population of 600 subjects; however, when using populations of 250 subjects we find a significant protection in only 59% of the simulations. Our model gives thus an explanation for the discrepancies observed in the various genomic studies published in @entity791 on @entity5075 - @entity24669 and other gene polymorphisms: they result from statistical fluctuations due to a lack of power. The sizes of most seroconverter cohorts presently available seem thus insufficient since they include less than a few hundred subjects. This result underlines the power and usefulness of the transversal studies involving extreme @entity1 and their complementarity to longitudinal studies involving seroconverter cohorts. The transposition approach of extreme case-control data into longitudinal analysis should prove useful not only in @entity791 but also in other diseases induced by chronic exposure to a foreign agent or with chronic clinical manifestations.

title: Genomic studies in XXXX : problems and answers. Development of a statistical model integrating both longitudinal cohort studies and transversal observations of extreme cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the variation of soy product intake in 10 European countries by using a standardised reference dietary method. A subsidiary aim was to characterise the pattern of soy consumption among a sub-group of @entity1 with a @entity283 ( @entity283 ), i.e. non-meat eaters who are fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans. DESIGN: A 24-hour dietary recall interview (24-HDR) was conducted among a sample (5-12%) of all cohorts in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC). Study @entity1 totalled 35 955 after exclusion of subjects younger than 35 or older than 74 years of age. Soy products were subdivided into seven sub-groups by similarity. Distribution of consumption and crude and adjusted means of intake were computed per soy product group across countries. Intake of soy products was also investigated among @entity1 with an @entity283 . RESULTS: In total, 195 @entity1 and 486 @entity1 reported consuming soy products in the 24-HDR interview. Although soy product intake was generally low across all countries, the highest intake level was observed in the UK, due to over-sampling of a large number of @entity1 with an @entity283 . The most frequently consumed soy foods were dairy substitutes in the UK and France and beans and sprouts among mid-European countries. For both genders, the sub-group of soy dairy substitutes was consumed in the highest quantities (1.2 g day-1 for @entity1 ; 1.9 g day-1 for @entity1 ). @entity1 with an @entity283 differed substantially from others with regard to demographic, anthropometric and nutritional factors. They consumed higher quantities of almost all soy product groups. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of soy products is low in centres in Western Europe. Soy dairy substitutes are most frequently consumed. @entity1 with an @entity283 form a distinct sub-group with higher consumptions of fruit, vegetables, legumes, cereals and soy products compared with the other @entity1 .

title: Soy product consumption in 10 European countries: the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HHL', 'habitual health-conscious lifestyle']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe and compare the consumption of dairy products in cohorts included in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC). METHODS: Data from single 24-hour dietary recall interviews collected through a highly standardised computer-based program (EPIC-SOFT) in 27 redefined centres in 10 European countries between 1995 and 2000. From a total random sample of 36 900, 22 924 @entity1 and 13 031 @entity1 were selected after exclusion of subjects under 35 and over 74 years of age. RESULTS: A high total consumption of dairy products was reported in most of the centres in Spain and in the UK cohort sampled from the general population, as well as in the Dutch, Swedish and Danish centres. A somewhat low consumption was reported in the Greek centre and in some of the Italian centres (Ragusa and Turin). In all centres and for both sexes, milk constituted the dairy sub-group with the largest proportion (in grams) of total dairy consumption, followed by yoghurt and other fermented milk products, and cheese. Still, there was a wide range in the contributions of the different dairy sub-groups between centres. The Spanish and Nordic centres generally reported a high consumption of milk, the Swedish and Dutch centres reported a high consumption of yoghurt and other fermented milk products, whereas the highest consumption of cheese was reported in the French centres. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate both quantitative and qualitative disparities in dairy product consumption among the EPIC centres. This offers a sound starting point for analyses of associations between dairy intake and @entity102 such as @entity5 .

title: Consumption of dairy products in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort: data from 35 955 24-hour dietary recalls in 10 European countries.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Basic region @entity368 zipper (bZIP) transcription factors regulate gene expression critical for long-term synaptic plasticity or neuronal excitability contributing to learning and memory. At sensorimotor synapses of Aplysia, changes in activation or expression of @entity10366 and @entity1436 in sensory neurons are required for long-term synaptic plasticity. However, it is unknown whether concomitant stimulus-induced changes in expression and activation of bZIP transcription factors in the postsynaptic motor neuron also contribute to persistent long-term facilitation (P-LTF). We overexpressed various forms of @entity10366 , @entity1436 , or @entity1178 in the postsynaptic motor neuron L7 in cell culture to examine whether these factors contribute to P-LTF. P-LTF is evoked by 2 consecutive days of @entity750 applications (2 @entity750 ), while a transient form of LTF is produced by 1 day of @entity750 applications (1 @entity750 ). Significant increases in the expression of both @entity1178 and @entity1436 mRNA in L7 accompany P-LTF. Overexpressing each bZIP factor in L7 did not alter basal synapse strength, while coexpressing @entity1178 and @entity1436 in L7 evoked persistent increases in basal synapse strength. In contrast, overexpressing @entity1178 and @entity1436 in sensory neurons evoked persistent decreases in basal synapse strength. Overexpressing wild-type @entity1178 or @entity1436 , but not @entity10366 , in L7 can replace the second day of @entity750 applications in producing P-LTF. Reducing @entity1178 activity in L7 blocked P-LTF evoked by 2 @entity750 . These results suggest that expression and activation of different bZIP factors in both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons contribute to persistent change in synapse strength including stimulus-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity.

title: @entity1178 and XXXX in the postsynaptic neuron contribute to persistent long-term facilitation at a behaviorally relevant synapse.

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

answer: @entity1436 :: (1386,Gene) :: ['CREB2']


abstract: Basic region @entity368 zipper (bZIP) transcription factors regulate gene expression critical for long-term synaptic plasticity or neuronal excitability contributing to learning and memory. At sensorimotor synapses of Aplysia, changes in activation or expression of @entity10366 and @entity1436 in sensory neurons are required for long-term synaptic plasticity. However, it is unknown whether concomitant stimulus-induced changes in expression and activation of bZIP transcription factors in the postsynaptic motor neuron also contribute to persistent long-term facilitation (P-LTF). We overexpressed various forms of @entity10366 , @entity1436 , or @entity1178 in the postsynaptic motor neuron L7 in cell culture to examine whether these factors contribute to P-LTF. P-LTF is evoked by 2 consecutive days of @entity750 applications (2 @entity750 ), while a transient form of LTF is produced by 1 day of @entity750 applications (1 @entity750 ). Significant increases in the expression of both @entity1178 and @entity1436 mRNA in L7 accompany P-LTF. Overexpressing each bZIP factor in L7 did not alter basal synapse strength, while coexpressing @entity1178 and @entity1436 in L7 evoked persistent increases in basal synapse strength. In contrast, overexpressing @entity1178 and @entity1436 in sensory neurons evoked persistent decreases in basal synapse strength. Overexpressing wild-type @entity1178 or @entity1436 , but not @entity10366 , in L7 can replace the second day of @entity750 applications in producing P-LTF. Reducing @entity1178 activity in L7 blocked P-LTF evoked by 2 @entity750 . These results suggest that expression and activation of different bZIP factors in both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons contribute to persistent change in synapse strength including stimulus-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity.

title: XXXX and @entity1436 in the postsynaptic neuron contribute to persistent long-term facilitation at a behaviorally relevant synapse.

answer: @entity1178 :: (3725,Gene) :: ['cJun']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of persistent @entity716 that developed during interferon alfa ( @entity3027 ) therapy for chronic @entity1956 . CASE SUMMARY: A 26-year-old @entity1 who was diagnosed with active chronic @entity1956 began treatment with @entity3027 . Five months after initiation of therapy, he developed @entity716 with prominent persecutory delusions and @entity2167 . Despite discontinuation of @entity3027 therapy and addition of antipsychotic drug treatment, only partial recovery from @entity716 was observed after 4 months of hospitalization. DISCUSSION: Unlike many previously reported cases, this @entity1 showed only partial recovery from @entity716 , despite the discontinuation of IFN therapy. Except for receiving a relatively high dose of @entity3027 (10 million units 3 times/wk), the @entity1 did not have any previously proposed risk factors for developing @entity146 adverse effects. The Naranjo probability scale indicates a probable relationship between the @entity716 and IFN therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its rare occurrence, @entity716 can emerge during @entity3027 therapy. This adverse effect may persist for several months, even after appropriate medical management. @entity3027 should be used with careful monitoring of @entity1 ' @entity146 status during all stages of therapy.

title: Psychosis associated with interferon alfa therapy for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['acute psychosis', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: Occipital cortex of 19-day-old fetal @entity35 was dissociated and cultured in vitro for 2-5 weeks in horse serum supplemented Eagle's MEM. The outgrowing neurons rapidly formed a dense network which started to degenerate after 3 weeks in vitro. By means of electron microscopy the numerical development of 6 different categories of synapses was followed during the time in culture. This approach revealed a sigmoid growth curve emerging over the first 3 weeks for the category of axo-dendritic synapses (which comprised the bulk of all synapses counted). Thereafter a decline in number set in. Chronic exposure of these dissociated cerebral cortex cultures to 50 microgram/ml @entity3303 (a concentration adequate to block all measurable bioelectrical activity) did not prevent the formation of functional synaptic networks having normal synaptic ultrastructure. These results are in agreement with previous studies on fetal cerebral explants in culture. However, in some groups of our cultures, @entity3303 led to a retardation in neurite outgrowth and in numerical synapse formation. Since these @entity3303 effects were dose-related at a concentration double that required to silence the cultures, the @entity851 was probably not due to selective suppression of bioelectric activity, but rather to some general cytotoxic effect of the drug. In one of the @entity3303 -treated groups (50 microgram/ml) which showed an exceptionally rapid neuronal outgrowth by the use of horse serum obtained from a different source than in the other groups, no deficit was noted in the number of synapses formed. Extracellular recording in this latter drug-treated group of cultures during the third week revealed (after return to control medium) spontaneous isolated action potentials, burst patterns and slow waves which were indistinguishable from the bioelectric activity seen in the control cultures. It is concluded that bioelectric activity in dissociated cortex cultures is not a prerequisite for the formation of apparently normal, functional synaptic networks.

title: A quantitative electron microscopic study on synapse formation in dissociated fetal XXXX cerebral cortex in vitro.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['xylocaine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity879 or serious @entity99 in @entity6 @entity1 is needed to evaluate the safety of hypoglycemic drug therapy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 5 health maintenance organizations. Study @entity1 were 171,264 health plan members 19 years or older when they received oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin between April 1, 1997, and June 30, 1999. We searched for hospital discharge diagnoses and procedures potentially indicative of @entity99 and reviewed the full-text medical records. @entity879 was defined as acute @entity409 and (1) @entity99 , (2) prothrombin time prolongation greater than 3 seconds or international normalized ratio greater than 1.5, and (3) a total @entity648 level greater than 3.0 mg/dL (>51 micro mol/L). @entity99 was diagnosed in individuals who did not meet 1 or more of the criteria for @entity879 but had @entity493 transaminase or @entity492 transaminase levels greater than 500 U/L. RESULTS: We identified 35 cases of @entity879 or injury not clearly attributable to a known cause other than use of hypoglycemic agents. The age- and sex-standardized incidence per 1000 @entity1 -years was 0.15 for insulin users, 0.08 for @entity4136 users, 0.12 for @entity2449 users, and 0.10 for @entity4506 users. The incidence was higher (on the order of 0.3 per 1000) during the first 6 months of exposure to all hypoglycemic agents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity879 or injury not clearly attributable to other known causes occurred on the order of 1 per 10,000 @entity1 -years among @entity6 @entity1 treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin.

title: A cohort study of the incidence of serious XXXX in @entity6 @entity1 treated with hypoglycemic agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4506 :: ('MESH:C057693', 'Chemical') :: ['troglitazone']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure', 'Acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Acute liver injury', 'hepatic encephalopathy', 'liver injury', 'acute liver injury']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['acute liver injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity879 or serious @entity99 in @entity6 @entity1 is needed to evaluate the safety of hypoglycemic drug therapy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 5 health maintenance organizations. Study @entity1 were 171,264 health plan members 19 years or older when they received oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin between April 1, 1997, and June 30, 1999. We searched for hospital discharge diagnoses and procedures potentially indicative of @entity99 and reviewed the full-text medical records. @entity879 was defined as acute @entity409 and (1) @entity99 , (2) prothrombin time prolongation greater than 3 seconds or international normalized ratio greater than 1.5, and (3) a total @entity648 level greater than 3.0 mg/dL (>51 micro mol/L). @entity99 was diagnosed in individuals who did not meet 1 or more of the criteria for @entity879 but had @entity493 transaminase or @entity492 transaminase levels greater than 500 U/L. RESULTS: We identified 35 cases of @entity879 or injury not clearly attributable to a known cause other than use of hypoglycemic agents. The age- and sex-standardized incidence per 1000 @entity1 -years was 0.15 for insulin users, 0.08 for @entity4136 users, 0.12 for @entity2449 users, and 0.10 for @entity4506 users. The incidence was higher (on the order of 0.3 per 1000) during the first 6 months of exposure to all hypoglycemic agents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity879 or injury not clearly attributable to other known causes occurred on the order of 1 per 10,000 @entity1 -years among @entity6 @entity1 treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin.

title: A cohort study of the incidence of serious @entity99 in XXXX @entity1 treated with hypoglycemic agents.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity879 or serious @entity99 in @entity6 @entity1 is needed to evaluate the safety of hypoglycemic drug therapy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 5 health maintenance organizations. Study @entity1 were 171,264 health plan members 19 years or older when they received oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin between April 1, 1997, and June 30, 1999. We searched for hospital discharge diagnoses and procedures potentially indicative of @entity99 and reviewed the full-text medical records. @entity879 was defined as acute @entity409 and (1) @entity99 , (2) prothrombin time prolongation greater than 3 seconds or international normalized ratio greater than 1.5, and (3) a total @entity648 level greater than 3.0 mg/dL (>51 micro mol/L). @entity99 was diagnosed in individuals who did not meet 1 or more of the criteria for @entity879 but had @entity493 transaminase or @entity492 transaminase levels greater than 500 U/L. RESULTS: We identified 35 cases of @entity879 or injury not clearly attributable to a known cause other than use of hypoglycemic agents. The age- and sex-standardized incidence per 1000 @entity1 -years was 0.15 for insulin users, 0.08 for @entity4136 users, 0.12 for @entity2449 users, and 0.10 for @entity4506 users. The incidence was higher (on the order of 0.3 per 1000) during the first 6 months of exposure to all hypoglycemic agents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity879 or injury not clearly attributable to other known causes occurred on the order of 1 per 10,000 @entity1 -years among @entity6 @entity1 treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin.

title: A cohort study of the incidence of serious @entity99 in @entity6 XXXX treated with hypoglycemic agents.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe physical activity of @entity1 in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC). DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a European prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: This analysis was restricted to @entity1 in the age group 50-64 years, which was represented in all EPIC centres. It involved 236 386 @entity1 from 25 centres in nine countries. In each EPIC centre, physical activity was assessed by standardised and validated questions. Frequency distribution of type of professional activity and participation in non-professional activities, and age-adjusted means, medians and percentiles of time dedicated to non-professional activities are presented for @entity1 and @entity1 from each centre. RESULTS: Professional activity was most frequently classified as sedentary or standing in all centres. There was a wide variation regarding participation in different types of non-professional activities and time dedicated to these activities across EPIC centres. Over 80% of all EPIC @entity1 engaged in walking, while less than 50% of the subjects participated in sport. Total time dedicated to recreational activities was highest among the Dutch @entity1 and lowest among @entity1 from Malm   (Sweden) and @entity1 from Naples (Italy). In all centres, total time dedicated to recreational activity in the summer was higher than in the winter. @entity1 from southern Europe spent the most time on housekeeping. CONCLUSIONS: There is a considerable variation of physical activity across EPIC centres. This variation was especially evident for recreational activities in both @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Physical activity of subjects aged 50-64 years involved in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition (EPIC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause of @entity16 in a cohort of @entity1 with genetically unsolved @entity16 (57 families with a total of 74 members) in whom hitherto known disease genes had been excluded. METHODS: We used autozygosity mapping or haplotype analysis to delineate potential disease loci in informative families. For mutation detection, we used either whole-exome sequencing or Sanger sequencing of positional candidates. Subsequently, a larger cohort was specifically screened for @entity32855 mutations. The pathogenicity of a splice-site mutation was verified in cultured @entity1 skin fibroblasts on the messenger RNA level and by Western blot. RESULTS: We report on 5 @entity1 with @entity16 from 3 families who carried truncating mutations in @entity32855 . Contrary to the "classic" phenotype, they did not manifest with @entity649 , but with progressive @entity16 . Only one @entity1 required nocturnal mask ventilation, while 4 others maintained normal respiratory function by the age of 14, 18, 22, and 37 years. Three @entity1 were still able to walk independently. All @entity1 had a predominantly @entity16 with subsequent @entity2057 , but without obvious sensory symptoms. Two @entity1 had signs of @entity4148 . CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity32855 should be considered in the molecular genetic workup of @entity1 with @entity16 , even in the absence of respiratory symptoms.

title: Recessive truncating @entity32855 mutations presenting as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensorimotor neuropathy', 'hereditary sensorimotor neuropathies', 'axonal sensorimotor neuropathy', 'neuropathies', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['axonal sensorimotor neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause of @entity16 in a cohort of @entity1 with genetically unsolved @entity16 (57 families with a total of 74 members) in whom hitherto known disease genes had been excluded. METHODS: We used autozygosity mapping or haplotype analysis to delineate potential disease loci in informative families. For mutation detection, we used either whole-exome sequencing or Sanger sequencing of positional candidates. Subsequently, a larger cohort was specifically screened for @entity32855 mutations. The pathogenicity of a splice-site mutation was verified in cultured @entity1 skin fibroblasts on the messenger RNA level and by Western blot. RESULTS: We report on 5 @entity1 with @entity16 from 3 families who carried truncating mutations in @entity32855 . Contrary to the "classic" phenotype, they did not manifest with @entity649 , but with progressive @entity16 . Only one @entity1 required nocturnal mask ventilation, while 4 others maintained normal respiratory function by the age of 14, 18, 22, and 37 years. Three @entity1 were still able to walk independently. All @entity1 had a predominantly @entity16 with subsequent @entity2057 , but without obvious sensory symptoms. Two @entity1 had signs of @entity4148 . CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity32855 should be considered in the molecular genetic workup of @entity1 with @entity16 , even in the absence of respiratory symptoms.

title: Recessive truncating XXXX mutations presenting as @entity16 .

answer: @entity32855 :: (3508,Gene) :: ['IGHMBP2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8416 encodes the @entity1372 channel voltage-gated a8-subunit ( @entity18127 .6). @entity8416 mutations have recently been associated with @entity302 and @entity245 . We aimed to delineate the phenotype associated with @entity8416 mutations. METHODS: We used high-throughput sequence analysis of the @entity8416 gene in 683 @entity1 with a range of @entity302 . In addition, we ascertained cases with @entity8416 mutations from other centers. A detailed clinical history was obtained together with a review of EEG and imaging data. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 with de novo heterozygous mutations of @entity8416 were studied. @entity410 onset occurred at a mean age of 5 months (range: 1 day to 18 months); in general, @entity410 were not triggered by fever. Fifteen of 17 @entity1 had multiple @entity410 types including focal, tonic, clonic, @entity2048 , and @entity302 ; @entity410 were refractory to antiepileptic therapy. Development was normal in 12 @entity1 and slowed after @entity410 onset, often with regression; 5 @entity1 had delayed development from birth. All @entity1 developed @entity717 , ranging from mild to severe. Motor manifestations were prominent including @entity2421 , @entity3519 , @entity427 , and @entity2055 . EEG findings comprised moderate to severe background slowing with focal or multifocal @entity302 . CONCLUSION: @entity8416 @entity75 presents in infancy with multiple @entity410 types including focal @entity410 and @entity2473 in some cases. Outcome is often poor and includes @entity2421 and @entity717 . The majority of mutations arise de novo, although we observed a single case of somatic mosaicism in an unaffected parent.

title: The phenotypic spectrum of XXXX @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders', 'intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic encephalopathies', 'epileptic spasms', 'epilepsy', 'epileptiform discharges']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic and absence seizures']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity8416 :: (6334,Gene) :: ['SCN8A']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8416 encodes the @entity1372 channel voltage-gated a8-subunit ( @entity18127 .6). @entity8416 mutations have recently been associated with @entity302 and @entity245 . We aimed to delineate the phenotype associated with @entity8416 mutations. METHODS: We used high-throughput sequence analysis of the @entity8416 gene in 683 @entity1 with a range of @entity302 . In addition, we ascertained cases with @entity8416 mutations from other centers. A detailed clinical history was obtained together with a review of EEG and imaging data. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 with de novo heterozygous mutations of @entity8416 were studied. @entity410 onset occurred at a mean age of 5 months (range: 1 day to 18 months); in general, @entity410 were not triggered by fever. Fifteen of 17 @entity1 had multiple @entity410 types including focal, tonic, clonic, @entity2048 , and @entity302 ; @entity410 were refractory to antiepileptic therapy. Development was normal in 12 @entity1 and slowed after @entity410 onset, often with regression; 5 @entity1 had delayed development from birth. All @entity1 developed @entity717 , ranging from mild to severe. Motor manifestations were prominent including @entity2421 , @entity3519 , @entity427 , and @entity2055 . EEG findings comprised moderate to severe background slowing with focal or multifocal @entity302 . CONCLUSION: @entity8416 @entity75 presents in infancy with multiple @entity410 types including focal @entity410 and @entity2473 in some cases. Outcome is often poor and includes @entity2421 and @entity717 . The majority of mutations arise de novo, although we observed a single case of somatic mosaicism in an unaffected parent.

title: The phenotypic spectrum of @entity8416 XXXX .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3008 ( @entity3008 ) is a rare @entity358 of @entity1 of unknown etiology. Diffuse cystic changes associated with multifocal clusters of smooth muscle-like cells ( @entity3008 cells) replace normal lung parenchyma, leading to progressive @entity393 . Reports of exacerbations of @entity3008 with the use of exogenous @entity172 and during pregnancy suggest an association between hormones and clinical deterioration. OBJECTIVES: To conduct the largest case series to date in order to characterize the demographics of a living cohort of @entity1 with @entity3008 . To evaluate the effect of oral contraceptive pill (OCPs) use on the age at onset of symptoms in a large population of @entity1 with @entity3008 . METHODS: The study population was drawn from the University of Miami (UM) @entity3008 database consisting of 91 living @entity1 previously diagnosed with @entity3008 by a physician. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to the @entity1 . RESULTS: The final response rate was 91.2% (83 of 91), and the study @entity1 were 96.4% white, 1.2% Asian, 1.2% African American, and 1.2% American Indian; 68.4% identified their ethnicity as European and 14.5% as Jewish. Of the @entity1 surveyed, 73 were still menstruating at the time of @entity3008 diagnosis. Among these @entity1 , the rate of use of OCPs was approximately 27%, similar to the rate in the general population. There was a significant difference between the age at onset of symptoms in @entity1 using OCPs vs. @entity1 not using OCPs (29.2 +/- 4.7 vs. 32.9 +/- 8.0, p = 0.0397). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that OCPs may serve as catalysts to promote an earlier occurrence of @entity3008 .

title: XXXX ( @entity3008 ): examining oral contraceptive pills and the onset of disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity3008 :: ('MESH:D018192', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphangioleiomyomatosis', 'LAM']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of lung function']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3008 ( @entity3008 ) is a rare @entity358 of @entity1 of unknown etiology. Diffuse cystic changes associated with multifocal clusters of smooth muscle-like cells ( @entity3008 cells) replace normal lung parenchyma, leading to progressive @entity393 . Reports of exacerbations of @entity3008 with the use of exogenous @entity172 and during pregnancy suggest an association between hormones and clinical deterioration. OBJECTIVES: To conduct the largest case series to date in order to characterize the demographics of a living cohort of @entity1 with @entity3008 . To evaluate the effect of oral contraceptive pill (OCPs) use on the age at onset of symptoms in a large population of @entity1 with @entity3008 . METHODS: The study population was drawn from the University of Miami (UM) @entity3008 database consisting of 91 living @entity1 previously diagnosed with @entity3008 by a physician. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to the @entity1 . RESULTS: The final response rate was 91.2% (83 of 91), and the study @entity1 were 96.4% white, 1.2% Asian, 1.2% African American, and 1.2% American Indian; 68.4% identified their ethnicity as European and 14.5% as Jewish. Of the @entity1 surveyed, 73 were still menstruating at the time of @entity3008 diagnosis. Among these @entity1 , the rate of use of OCPs was approximately 27%, similar to the rate in the general population. There was a significant difference between the age at onset of symptoms in @entity1 using OCPs vs. @entity1 not using OCPs (29.2 +/- 4.7 vs. 32.9 +/- 8.0, p = 0.0397). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that OCPs may serve as catalysts to promote an earlier occurrence of @entity3008 .

title: @entity358 ( XXXX ): examining oral contraceptive pills and the onset of disease.

answer: @entity3008 :: (MESH:D018192,Disease) :: ['LAM']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Postmenopausal uterine @entity548 is a " @entity5 until proven otherwise". @entity1204 is a typical disease among postmenopause @entity1 , because every @entity548 in this age etiology associated with @entity1204 (10-30%). The lifespan of @entity1 today has been extended and post menopause today last one third of a @entity1 's life. Early diagnosis of @entity1204 has a very high cure rate. Screening for this @entity5 has limits in practice and is necessary given the definition of high-risk groups would be subject to primary and secondary prevention. GOAL: Primary to evaluate the leading causes of postmenopausal uterine @entity548 among @entity1 at risk for @entity1204 ( @entity6 , @entity28 , nulliparity, late menopause (after 55 years) and compared them with the causes of postmenopausal uterine @entity548 @entity1 without this risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study with a targeted sample of 50 consecutive @entity1 who had registered postmenopausal uterine @entity548 in high-risk groups (cohorts) and the same number of @entity1 with postmenopausal uterine @entity548 that does not belong to the risk group (control group). Each @entity1 underwent clinical examination, then fractionated curettements and its histopathological verification and assessment of treated clinical stage of disease with PH analysis of the resected specimens. RESULTS: The @entity1 of the studied risk group were significantly affected by @entity1204 compared with the control group (RR=2.45, 95% CI 1.2 4.6, p=0.005). Endocervical pathology did not differ between groups. Clinical forms of @entity548 : for those that are profuse @entity548 @entity5 was present in 54.6% of cases. With intermittent @entity548 @entity5 is verified in the 33.3% of @entity1 . Risk @entity1 groups with @entity5 frequently suffer from clinically more advanced stages of histologically aggressive @entity1204 ( @entity420 , low differentiated @entity5 ).

title: Features of postmenopausal uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'Endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['serous adenocarcinoma-type II']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to evaluate @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), to determine the role of corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs and to assess @entity172 effect on @entity79 in @entity1252 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity79 (DEXA) at lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4) and at femoral neck was performed in 60 pre-menopausal @entity1252 @entity1 and in 64 controls. @entity53 level was measured in all the individuals. Age, age at disease onset, body mass index (BMI), time of disease, disease activity (SLEDAI), @entity229 dose at the evaluation, total cumulative and cumulative @entity229 dose in the last year and cytotoxic drugs were assessed. RESULTS: The mean plasmatic @entity53 was 175.9 pg/ml in @entity1 and 149.9 in controls. @entity79 was inferior in @entity1 than that in controls (P < 0.0001). The mean current, cumulative and previous year @entity229 doses were, respectively, 19.17 mg/d, 28.78 g and 5.33 g. There was no association between corticosteroids or cytotoxic drug used and low bone mass. The serum concentration of @entity53 did not influence the bone mass. The BMI and age at disease onset exhibited an influence on @entity79 at L2. CONCLUSIONS: @entity79 was significantly lower in @entity1252 @entity1 but not related to CS (Corticosteroids)or other drugs; the @entity53 in these @entity1 had no effect on @entity79 . Low BMI interacting with early onset of disease might influence the probability of loss of bone mass.

title: Bone mineral density in XXXX and its relation to age at disease onset, plasmatic @entity53 and immunosuppressive therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to evaluate @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), to determine the role of corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs and to assess @entity172 effect on @entity79 in @entity1252 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity79 (DEXA) at lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4) and at femoral neck was performed in 60 pre-menopausal @entity1252 @entity1 and in 64 controls. @entity53 level was measured in all the individuals. Age, age at disease onset, body mass index (BMI), time of disease, disease activity (SLEDAI), @entity229 dose at the evaluation, total cumulative and cumulative @entity229 dose in the last year and cytotoxic drugs were assessed. RESULTS: The mean plasmatic @entity53 was 175.9 pg/ml in @entity1 and 149.9 in controls. @entity79 was inferior in @entity1 than that in controls (P < 0.0001). The mean current, cumulative and previous year @entity229 doses were, respectively, 19.17 mg/d, 28.78 g and 5.33 g. There was no association between corticosteroids or cytotoxic drug used and low bone mass. The serum concentration of @entity53 did not influence the bone mass. The BMI and age at disease onset exhibited an influence on @entity79 at L2. CONCLUSIONS: @entity79 was significantly lower in @entity1252 @entity1 but not related to CS (Corticosteroids)or other drugs; the @entity53 in these @entity1 had no effect on @entity79 . Low BMI interacting with early onset of disease might influence the probability of loss of bone mass.

title: Bone mineral density in @entity1252 and its relation to age at disease onset, plasmatic XXXX and immunosuppressive therapy.

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the risk factors for @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) in a sample Japanese population. METHODS: In 1998, a cross sectional community survey was conducted among residents of Hisayama. A total of 596 @entity1 and 886 @entity1 living in Hisayama, Japan, aged 50 years or older consented to participate in the study. Each @entity1 underwent a comprehensive examination that included an ophthalmic examination. The presence of @entity1020 was determined by grading from fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp examination, and colour fundus photographs. Using these cross sectional data, logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for @entity1020 . The following 10 possible risk factors were used: age, @entity231 , @entity101 (history), @entity101 (history or examination), @entity6 , hyperlipidaemia, current smoker, @entity167 intake, BMI, and WBC. RESULTS: @entity1020 was detected in 19.5% of @entity1 and 14.9% of @entity1 . @entity1 were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of @entity1020 than @entity1 . Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age and @entity101 (history or examination) were significantly associated with @entity1020 in @entity1 , whereas only age was a significant risk factor for @entity1020 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that higher age and male sex are relevant risk factors for @entity1020 in Japan. In addition, @entity101 is a relevant risk factor in @entity1 .

title: Risk factors for XXXX in a Japanese population: the Hisayama study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['ARM', 'age related maculopathy']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age related maculopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recombinant @entity1 @entity7 protein (rhVEGF) stimulates angiogenesis in animal models and was well tolerated in Phase I clinical trials. VIVA ( @entity7 in @entity63 for @entity455 ) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracoronary and intravenous infusions of rhVEGF. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 178 @entity1 with stable exertional @entity951 , unsuitable for standard revascularization, were randomized to receive placebo, low-dose rhVEGF (17 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)), or high-dose rhVEGF (50 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) by intracoronary infusion on day 0, followed by intravenous infusions on days 3, 6, and 9. Exercise treadmill tests, @entity951 class, and quality of life assessments were performed at baseline, day 60, and day 120. Myocardial perfusion imaging was performed at baseline and day 60. At day 60, the change in exercise treadmill test (ETT) time from baseline was not different between groups (placebo, +48 seconds; low dose, +30 seconds; high dose, +30 seconds). Angina class and quality of life were significantly improved within each group, with no difference between groups. By day 120, placebo-treated @entity1 demonstrated reduced benefit in all three measures, with no significant difference compared with low-dose rhVEGF. In contrast, high-dose rhVEGF resulted in significant improvement in @entity951 class (P=0.05) and nonsignificant trends in ETT time (P=0.15) and @entity951 frequency (P=0.09) as compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: rhVEGF seems to be safe and well tolerated. rhVEGF offered no improvement beyond placebo in all measurements by day 60. By day 120, high-dose rhVEGF resulted in significant improvement in @entity951 and favorable trends in ETT time and @entity951 frequency.

title: The VIVA trial: @entity7 in @entity63 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular Angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Vascular Angiogenesis']