abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of spinal manipulation and pharmaceutical treatment ( @entity3659 ) for chronic @entity2701 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial using two parallel groups. The study consisted of a 2-wk baseline period, a 6-wk treatment period and a 4-wk posttreatment, follow-up period. SETTING: Chiropractic college outpatient clinic. @entity1 : One hundred and fifty @entity1 between the ages of 18 and 70 with a diagnosis of @entity2701 of at least 3 months' duration at a frequency of at least once per wk. INTERVENTIONS: 6 wk of spinal manipulative therapy provided by chiropractors or 6 wk of @entity3659 treatment managed by a medical physician. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in @entity1 -reported daily @entity10 intensity, weekly @entity10 frequency, over-the-counter medication usage and functional health status (SF-36). RESULTS: A total of 448 @entity1 responded to the recruitment advertisements; 298 were excluded during the screening process. Of the 150 @entity1 who were enrolled in the study, 24 (16%) dropped out: 5 (6.6%) from the spinal manipulative therapy and 19 (27.1%) from the @entity3659 therapy group. During the treatment period, both groups improved at very similar rates in all primary outcomes. In relation to baseline values at 4 wk after cessation of treatment, the spinal manipulation group showed a reduction of 32% in @entity10 intensity, 42% in @entity10 frequency, 30% in over-the-counter medication usage and an improvement of 16% in functional health status. By comparison, the @entity3659 therapy group showed no improvement or a slight worsening from baseline values in the same four major outcome measures. Controlling for baseline differences, all group differences at 4 wk after cessation of therapy were considered to be clinically important and were statistically significant. Of the @entity1 who finished the study, 46 (82.1%) in the @entity3659 therapy group reported side effects that included drowsiness, @entity2133 and @entity1017 . Three @entity1 (4.3%) in the spinal manipulation group reported neck soreness and stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that spinal manipulative therapy is an effective treatment for @entity2701 headaches. @entity3659 therapy was slightly more effective in reducing @entity158 at the end of the treatment period but was associated with more side effects. Four weeks after the cessation of treatment, however, the @entity1 who received spinal manipulative therapy experienced a sustained therapeutic benefit in all major outcomes in contrast to the @entity1 that received @entity3659 therapy, who reverted to baseline values. The sustained therapeutic benefit associated with spinal manipulation seemed to result in a decreased need for over-the-counter medication. There is a need to assess the effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy beyond four weeks and to compare spinal manipulative therapy to an appropriate placebo such as sham manipulation in future clinical trials.

title: Spinal manipulation vs. XXXX for the treatment of chronic @entity2701 : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['Amitriptyline', 'amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headaches', 'tension', 'tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3659 :: (MESH:D000639,Chemical) :: ['amitriptyline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of spinal manipulation and pharmaceutical treatment ( @entity3659 ) for chronic @entity2701 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial using two parallel groups. The study consisted of a 2-wk baseline period, a 6-wk treatment period and a 4-wk posttreatment, follow-up period. SETTING: Chiropractic college outpatient clinic. @entity1 : One hundred and fifty @entity1 between the ages of 18 and 70 with a diagnosis of @entity2701 of at least 3 months' duration at a frequency of at least once per wk. INTERVENTIONS: 6 wk of spinal manipulative therapy provided by chiropractors or 6 wk of @entity3659 treatment managed by a medical physician. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in @entity1 -reported daily @entity10 intensity, weekly @entity10 frequency, over-the-counter medication usage and functional health status (SF-36). RESULTS: A total of 448 @entity1 responded to the recruitment advertisements; 298 were excluded during the screening process. Of the 150 @entity1 who were enrolled in the study, 24 (16%) dropped out: 5 (6.6%) from the spinal manipulative therapy and 19 (27.1%) from the @entity3659 therapy group. During the treatment period, both groups improved at very similar rates in all primary outcomes. In relation to baseline values at 4 wk after cessation of treatment, the spinal manipulation group showed a reduction of 32% in @entity10 intensity, 42% in @entity10 frequency, 30% in over-the-counter medication usage and an improvement of 16% in functional health status. By comparison, the @entity3659 therapy group showed no improvement or a slight worsening from baseline values in the same four major outcome measures. Controlling for baseline differences, all group differences at 4 wk after cessation of therapy were considered to be clinically important and were statistically significant. Of the @entity1 who finished the study, 46 (82.1%) in the @entity3659 therapy group reported side effects that included drowsiness, @entity2133 and @entity1017 . Three @entity1 (4.3%) in the spinal manipulation group reported neck soreness and stiffness. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that spinal manipulative therapy is an effective treatment for @entity2701 headaches. @entity3659 therapy was slightly more effective in reducing @entity158 at the end of the treatment period but was associated with more side effects. Four weeks after the cessation of treatment, however, the @entity1 who received spinal manipulative therapy experienced a sustained therapeutic benefit in all major outcomes in contrast to the @entity1 that received @entity3659 therapy, who reverted to baseline values. The sustained therapeutic benefit associated with spinal manipulation seemed to result in a decreased need for over-the-counter medication. There is a need to assess the effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy beyond four weeks and to compare spinal manipulative therapy to an appropriate placebo such as sham manipulation in future clinical trials.

title: Spinal manipulation vs. @entity3659 for the treatment of chronic XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension-type headaches']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the various treatment options, including radiotherapy, surgery and chemotherapy, when all @entity1 with @entity189 were assessed and managed by the same team. From December 1, 1979 to December 31, 1985, 144 @entity1 with @entity189 were referred to Westmead Hospital. Eighty-five @entity1 were @entity1 , 59 @entity1 were @entity1 and the median age was 63 years. Twenty-five @entity1 were at stage I, 75 @entity1 were at stage II, 24 @entity1 were at stage III and 20 @entity1 were at stage IV of @entity5 . Forty-two @entity1 underwent surgical resection. Fifty @entity1 underwent radical radiotherapy, 30 @entity1 underwent palliative radiotherapy and 22 @entity1 underwent palliative intubation. The operative mortality of those @entity1 who underwent surgery was zero. The treatment mortality of those who underwent radical radiotherapy was 6%, and for those who underwent palliative radiotherapy, was 16.7%. The mortality after intubation was 12.5%. The prevalence of benign strictures was 7.5% after surgery, 33% after radical radiotherapy and 8% after palliative radiotherapy. The prevalence of @entity5 (recurrent disease) was 2.5% after surgery, 21% after radical radiotherapy and 20% after palliative radiotherapy. The median survival after surgery was 12 months; that after radical radiotherapy, 12 months; that after palliative radiotherapy, six months; and that after intubation, 3.5 months. Where all @entity1 with @entity189 were managed by a team approach the treatment mortality was low but the long-term survival remained poor.

title: XXXX at Westmead Hospital from 1979-1985.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'malignant strictures']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Management of oesophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify psychosocial variables that, in addition to known medical factors, predict the long-term outcome after a first @entity583 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 222 @entity1 aged 30-60 years who entered an inpatient rehabilitation program a mean of 7 weeks after a first @entity583 . Medical data and completed questionnaires for psychosocial variables were obtained from the @entity1 and their family physicians at entry to the rehabilitation center and 1 year later. Further data, including answers to a detailed questionnaire, were collected at the beginning of rehabilitation and after one year; this follow-up was 99% complete. RESULTS: The 1-year mortality was 2.2%, the reinfarction rate 1.8%, hospital readmissions for cardiac reasons occurred in 25%, and 13% of the @entity1 underwent a subsequent revascularization procedure. At baseline and after 1 year, respectively, 84 and 83% of the @entity1 were asymptomatic. A poor medical outcome, defined as death, reinfarction, severe symptoms or poor exercise capacity, was seen in 9% of the @entity1 . The most important physiological predictors for an unfavourable medical outcome, found in bivariate and multivariate analyses, were age, severity of @entity1188 , and major coronary risk factors. In addition, some of the psychosocial variables were significantly related to a poor medical outcome: lack of a stable partnership, high work load, poor general well-being with multiple chronic non-specific health complaints, and a low external locus of control (failure to identify disease-promoting factors within own surroundings or lifestyle). CONCLUSIONS: The medical course of @entity453 was predicted not only by medical variables but also by psychological and social variables. As well as being addressed directly, these factors may help to identify @entity1 who need to be followed more closely, so that medical complications can be reduced by treating early signs of disease progression more aggressively.

title: Psychosocial factors predict medical outcome following a first XXXX . Working Group on Cardiac Rehabilitation of the Swiss Society of Cardiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The functional effects of long-term activation of beta-adrenoceptors were investigated by measuring adenylyl cyclase activity, @entity1919 accumulation and @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase activity in CHW and L cells expressing either @entity1 @entity2263 - or @entity1093 -adrenoceptors. Pre-incubation of CHW and L cells expressing @entity2263 -adrenoceptors with 10 microM @entity3044 for 24 h produced a marked reduction in the total receptor number and dramatically reduced the capacity of the receptor to stimulate adenylyl cyclase maximally. In contrast, the ability of @entity1093 -adrenoceptors number was observed in L but not in CHW cells. Maximal levels of intracellular @entity1919 concentrations were reached during the first hour of receptor activation with @entity3044 in all four cell lines. In the absence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, @entity1919 decreased to basal levels within 24 h of continuous stimulation. This phenomenon occurred more rapidly in cells expressing the @entity2263 - than the @entity1093 -adrenoceptors. These results confirm that, at the level of adenylyl cyclase stimulation and @entity1919 accumulation, the @entity21276 is more resistant than the @entity2162 to long-term desensitization. However, when @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase activity was considered, a 24 h stimulation of @entity2263 - and when @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase activity was considered, a 24 h stimulation of @entity2263 - and @entity1093 -adrenoceptor expressing cells led to the desensitization of the kinase in L but not in CHW cells. In conclusion, long-term desensitization may have distinct functional effects on cell signalling depending on the receptor subtype and the cell type considered. These findings might have practical implications for future strategies involving long-term therapies with receptor agonists.

title: Functional effects of long-term activation on @entity1 XXXX - and @entity1093 -adrenoceptor signalling.

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity21276 :: ('155', 'Gene') :: ['beta 3-adrenoceptor']

answer: @entity2263 :: (10242,Gene) :: ['beta 2']


abstract: The functional effects of long-term activation of beta-adrenoceptors were investigated by measuring adenylyl cyclase activity, @entity1919 accumulation and @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase activity in CHW and L cells expressing either @entity1 @entity2263 - or @entity1093 -adrenoceptors. Pre-incubation of CHW and L cells expressing @entity2263 -adrenoceptors with 10 microM @entity3044 for 24 h produced a marked reduction in the total receptor number and dramatically reduced the capacity of the receptor to stimulate adenylyl cyclase maximally. In contrast, the ability of @entity1093 -adrenoceptors number was observed in L but not in CHW cells. Maximal levels of intracellular @entity1919 concentrations were reached during the first hour of receptor activation with @entity3044 in all four cell lines. In the absence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, @entity1919 decreased to basal levels within 24 h of continuous stimulation. This phenomenon occurred more rapidly in cells expressing the @entity2263 - than the @entity1093 -adrenoceptors. These results confirm that, at the level of adenylyl cyclase stimulation and @entity1919 accumulation, the @entity21276 is more resistant than the @entity2162 to long-term desensitization. However, when @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase activity was considered, a 24 h stimulation of @entity2263 - and when @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase activity was considered, a 24 h stimulation of @entity2263 - and @entity1093 -adrenoceptor expressing cells led to the desensitization of the kinase in L but not in CHW cells. In conclusion, long-term desensitization may have distinct functional effects on cell signalling depending on the receptor subtype and the cell type considered. These findings might have practical implications for future strategies involving long-term therapies with receptor agonists.

title: Functional effects of long-term activation on @entity1 @entity2263 - and XXXX -adrenoceptor signalling.

answer: @entity1093 :: (1934,Gene) :: ['beta 3']


abstract: The functional effects of long-term activation of beta-adrenoceptors were investigated by measuring adenylyl cyclase activity, @entity1919 accumulation and @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase activity in CHW and L cells expressing either @entity1 @entity2263 - or @entity1093 -adrenoceptors. Pre-incubation of CHW and L cells expressing @entity2263 -adrenoceptors with 10 microM @entity3044 for 24 h produced a marked reduction in the total receptor number and dramatically reduced the capacity of the receptor to stimulate adenylyl cyclase maximally. In contrast, the ability of @entity1093 -adrenoceptors number was observed in L but not in CHW cells. Maximal levels of intracellular @entity1919 concentrations were reached during the first hour of receptor activation with @entity3044 in all four cell lines. In the absence of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, @entity1919 decreased to basal levels within 24 h of continuous stimulation. This phenomenon occurred more rapidly in cells expressing the @entity2263 - than the @entity1093 -adrenoceptors. These results confirm that, at the level of adenylyl cyclase stimulation and @entity1919 accumulation, the @entity21276 is more resistant than the @entity2162 to long-term desensitization. However, when @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase activity was considered, a 24 h stimulation of @entity2263 - and when @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase activity was considered, a 24 h stimulation of @entity2263 - and @entity1093 -adrenoceptor expressing cells led to the desensitization of the kinase in L but not in CHW cells. In conclusion, long-term desensitization may have distinct functional effects on cell signalling depending on the receptor subtype and the cell type considered. These findings might have practical implications for future strategies involving long-term therapies with receptor agonists.

title: Functional effects of long-term activation on XXXX @entity2263 - and @entity1093 -adrenoceptor signalling.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Sixty cases with @entity1756 over 65 years of age were classified as aged group and were compared with 81 cases (control group) between 50 and 59 years of age. The results obtained are as followed: 1. @entity439 in aged group occur frequently in female (83%) and in internal carotid artery (42%). 2. Cases with "Excellent" operative result in aged group was found significantly lower in ratio (34%) than in control group (59%), which seems attributable to high incidence of their poor results in the cases with serious conditions (Hunt and Kosnik Grade III _ VI) and in those operated early after episode of @entity548 . 3. Symptomatic @entity2553 and primary @entity75 due to @entity510 occurred frequently in aged group (22% and 8%, respectively), and are proved to be two major causes of their unfortunate outcome. 4. In aged group difficulty in full enforcement due to @entity65 was considered to make hypervolemia- @entity101 therapy less effective to prevent and improve @entity63 symptoms due to @entity2553 . Accordingly, one has to choose such other means as meticulous and almost complete removal of subarachnoid @entity1410 in early operation or by some drainage systems. 5. Although the primary @entity75 occurred in similar frequency in both aged and control groups, its recovery was significantly lower in aged group than in the control. Under the sustaining conditions of the primary @entity75 , one should take care of latently progressing intracranial pathology such as @entity2553 .

title: [Clinical analysis of 60 aged patients with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: Advances in microsurgical techniques combined with a widening interest in same-day surgery led us to investigate ambulatory lumbar discectomy. We could find no precedent in the literature. Ten @entity1 with classic @entity1798 confirmed by computed tomography chose to participate. They were aged 31 to 51, seven @entity1 and three @entity1 , in excellent general health. A microsurgical approach through a 25-mm skin incision was performed. The technique emphasized removal of sufficient medial facet to allow excision of the disc with minimal or no root retraction. Once awake in the recovery room, @entity1 were transferred to a separate ambulatory step-down unit. They were discharged only after they had voided, ambulated, taken oral nourishment, and been examined by the surgeon. A visiting nurse checked the @entity1 at home the evening of operation and the next day. All returned to their usual occupation between 3 and 14 days postoperatively. All were satisfied and would choose the outpatient program again. Our experience indicates that ambulatory lumbar microdiscectomy can be a safe, effective option for selected @entity1 .

title: Ambulatory microsurgery for XXXX : report of ten cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured lumbar discs']

answer: @entity1798 :: (MESH:C535531,Disease) :: ['ruptured lumbar discs']


abstract: An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed which was specific and sensitive in detecting antibodies to @entity30953 in @entity221 ( @entity221 ). The ELISA antibody titers were correlated with the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titers. @entity30953 propagated in @entity1 histiocyte culture was purified on renografin gradient and the band of the organisms at a density of 1.182 g/ml was used as antigen. ELISA antibody titers were determined through computer assisted analysis, the observed antibody titers were derived by serial serum dilutions and using a resultant standard curve the predicted antibody titers were obtained from a single serum dilution. The standard curve had a correlation coefficient of 0.8975. The observed and predicted antibody titers were in good agreement, as the respective titers fell within a two-fold range. There was a good correlation between ELISA and IFA test results, but the ELISA titers were several times higher. In experimental infections of @entity1641 produced with the infected @entity1641 whole blood and the Ehrlichia infected macrophage culture, the antibodies were first detected in two weeks and one week postinoculation (PI), respectively. In both cases the titers reached a peak in about 4 weeks PI with a mean titer of 1:16558 and 1:4030, respectively. The antibody titers of the convalescent sera of field cases of @entity221 were comparatively lower than the experimentally infected @entity1641 .

title: Detection of serum antibodies against @entity30953 in XXXX by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

entities_list: @entity30953 :: ('950', 'Species') :: ['E. risticii', 'Ehrlichia risticii']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['PHF', 'Potomac horse fever']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Potomac horse fever']


abstract: An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed which was specific and sensitive in detecting antibodies to @entity30953 in @entity221 ( @entity221 ). The ELISA antibody titers were correlated with the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) titers. @entity30953 propagated in @entity1 histiocyte culture was purified on renografin gradient and the band of the organisms at a density of 1.182 g/ml was used as antigen. ELISA antibody titers were determined through computer assisted analysis, the observed antibody titers were derived by serial serum dilutions and using a resultant standard curve the predicted antibody titers were obtained from a single serum dilution. The standard curve had a correlation coefficient of 0.8975. The observed and predicted antibody titers were in good agreement, as the respective titers fell within a two-fold range. There was a good correlation between ELISA and IFA test results, but the ELISA titers were several times higher. In experimental infections of @entity1641 produced with the infected @entity1641 whole blood and the Ehrlichia infected macrophage culture, the antibodies were first detected in two weeks and one week postinoculation (PI), respectively. In both cases the titers reached a peak in about 4 weeks PI with a mean titer of 1:16558 and 1:4030, respectively. The antibody titers of the convalescent sera of field cases of @entity221 were comparatively lower than the experimentally infected @entity1641 .

title: Detection of serum antibodies against XXXX in @entity221 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

answer: @entity30953 :: (950,Species) :: ['Ehrlichia risticii']


abstract: The association of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) with normal coronary arteries was analyzed prospectively. A series of 128 consecutive @entity1 underwent coronary angiography within 1 week from @entity583 . Seven @entity1 , all females, had no coronary artery lesions and were considered eligible for the study. All 7 @entity1 underwent atrial pacing (10 g/min increments every 2 min), ergonovine testing (E; total dose 0.650 mg i.v.). Great cardiac vein flow (GCVF; thermodilution technique), mean aortic pressure (MAP), anterior coronary resistance (ACR) and myocardial @entity880 extraction [(Lac art-Lac gcv)/Lac art] were measured at baseline and during testing. Pacing-induced typical @entity662 occurred in 5 @entity1 : 4 of them showed concurrent significant (> or = 0.15 mV) ST downsloping. At peak pacing, GCVF increased only by < 50%, or even decreased, in all @entity1 . Baseline @entity880 extraction (0.13 +/- 0.11) changed to @entity880 production (-0.15 +/- 0.10) in 7/7 @entity1 . None of the @entity1 showed focal @entity3361 following E. During testing, however, all 7 @entity1 showed decrease in GCVF (110 +/- 47 versus 74 +/- 21; p < 0.005), increase in ACR (0.92 +/- 0.29 versus 1.43 +/- 0.20; p < 0.001), and significant coronary @entity880 production (-0.18 +/- 0.12). Six @entity1 referred slight to moderate @entity662 , which was accompanied by ST downsloping in 4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX with normal coronary vessels: an association with dysfunction of the coronary microcirculation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial infarct']


abstract: Several authors claim that analgesia by low-frequency peripheral nerve stimulation (transcutaneously or through inserted needles) depends on the activation of small-diameter A delta afferents. In the present study, a marked increase in @entity158 threshold assessed by the squeak threshold test (vocalization to electric shocks delivered to the tail) was obtained by 2 Hz sciatic or radial nerve low-intensity stimulation, using single pulses. Conduction velocities of the activated nerve fibers ranged between 33.6 and 46.4 m/sec, which is consistent with activation of large afferent A fibers. This analgesic effect was reversed by @entity1510 (3 mg/kg i.v.). Thus, low-threshold afferents may contribute to the analgesic effect in addition to the previously reported high-threshold induced effect. High-intensity stimulation (5-6 times the threshold for visible @entity910 ), activating small-diameter afferents (A delta fibers) resulted in a decrease in @entity158 threshold. @entity1931 also resulted from low-intensity stimulation using trains of pulses. The analgesic or @entity1931 effects were correlated with the animal's behavior during stimulation. Analgesia was obtained in calm @entity35 , who went to sleep regularly. When the @entity35 showed signs of being distressed, @entity1931 resulted. These findings may explain the occasional failure to obtain reduction in @entity158 in anxious @entity1 @entity1 by peripheral stimulation.

title: Analgesia by low-frequency nerve stimulation mediated by low-threshold afferents in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'Hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['muscular twitches']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The data needed to develop analytical models of @entity7246 transmission have become available only recently. By making some simplifying assumptions, models of the dynamics of the disease in vector, @entity291 and wild @entity1 populations can be constructed in order to determine criteria for successful disease control by mass and targetted chemotherapy, and by vector control. The heterogeneity in transmission due to tsetse @entity238 feeding preferences and the variability of immunological characteristics among the vertebrate hosts account for differences in prevalence of @entity1619 . congolense, and also lead to an increase in the basic reproductive rates of the parasites and a corresponding decrease in the vector population density threshold for disease eradication or persistence. The long life-span of the vectors relative to the duration of the parasites' developmental period lead to high infection rates in the vector and high values of R0. The efficacy of chemotherapeutic regimes depends on the relationship between treatment rate and the duration of prophylaxis conferred by the drugs used. The model's predictions of the effects of vector control are shown to be in broad agreement with published field data for Mkwaja Ranch, Tanzania. Vector control programmes are frequently blighted by reinvasion, and the implications of this are discussed in terms of a model for @entity238 immigration. With immigration of vectors, the disease is always endemic, though the infection rate in the @entity238 population is modified by the effect of differential mortalities inside and outside the controlled area on cohorts of incubating flies. Sensitivity analysis of the model, using Monte-Carlo methods, enables an assessment of the relative importance of the parameters to be made. The results emphasize the need for studies of the wild animal reservoir to be carried out alongside entomological surveys. The relative accuracy with which field measurements need to be made in order to minimize the uncertainty in predictions of @entity7246 prevalence is discussed.

title: A model of tsetse-transmitted animal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7246 :: ('MESH:D014352', 'Disease') :: ['trypanosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['Trypanosoma vivax and T']

answer: @entity7246 :: (MESH:D014352,Disease) :: ['trypanosomiasis']


abstract: To evaluate the therapeutic role of @entity205 (CyA) for the treatment of Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity1310 (HSN), 29 @entity1 (18 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) with @entity1985 -range @entity644 were analyzed retrospectively. Mean age was 8.6  years (range 2.0-15.5  years) at diagnosis of Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura (HSP). All @entity1 had developed the @entity1985 -range @entity644 at a mean interval of 4.4  months (range 0-50.7  months) after the diagnosis of HSP. Mean duration of CyA treatment was 12.3  months (range 2.6-55.0  months). Mean follow-up times were 3.7  years (range 1.2-12.9  years) from the beginning of the CyA treatment. @entity230 were tapered off and stopped gradually after initiation of CyA. All @entity1 responded to the CyA treatment within a mean of 1.8  months (range 1  week to 3.5  months). Twenty-three @entity1 achieved stable remission with mean follow-up duration of 3.2  years and 6 @entity1 seemed to become CyA-dependent, since they developed @entity644 when the treatment was stopped. Renal function was preserved in all @entity1 but one who developed @entity454 after poor compliance with CyA. We concluded that CyA treatment for HSN showing @entity1985 -range @entity644 is very effective and a safe method, although some @entity1 become CyA-dependent.

title: @entity205 therapy for Henoch-Sch  nlein XXXX with @entity1985 -range @entity644 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1310 :: (MESH:D009393,Disease) :: ['nephritis']


abstract: To evaluate the therapeutic role of @entity205 (CyA) for the treatment of Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity1310 (HSN), 29 @entity1 (18 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) with @entity1985 -range @entity644 were analyzed retrospectively. Mean age was 8.6  years (range 2.0-15.5  years) at diagnosis of Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura (HSP). All @entity1 had developed the @entity1985 -range @entity644 at a mean interval of 4.4  months (range 0-50.7  months) after the diagnosis of HSP. Mean duration of CyA treatment was 12.3  months (range 2.6-55.0  months). Mean follow-up times were 3.7  years (range 1.2-12.9  years) from the beginning of the CyA treatment. @entity230 were tapered off and stopped gradually after initiation of CyA. All @entity1 responded to the CyA treatment within a mean of 1.8  months (range 1  week to 3.5  months). Twenty-three @entity1 achieved stable remission with mean follow-up duration of 3.2  years and 6 @entity1 seemed to become CyA-dependent, since they developed @entity644 when the treatment was stopped. Renal function was preserved in all @entity1 but one who developed @entity454 after poor compliance with CyA. We concluded that CyA treatment for HSN showing @entity1985 -range @entity644 is very effective and a safe method, although some @entity1 become CyA-dependent.

title: XXXX therapy for Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity1310 with @entity1985 -range @entity644 .

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporin A']


abstract: To evaluate the therapeutic role of @entity205 (CyA) for the treatment of Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity1310 (HSN), 29 @entity1 (18 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) with @entity1985 -range @entity644 were analyzed retrospectively. Mean age was 8.6  years (range 2.0-15.5  years) at diagnosis of Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura (HSP). All @entity1 had developed the @entity1985 -range @entity644 at a mean interval of 4.4  months (range 0-50.7  months) after the diagnosis of HSP. Mean duration of CyA treatment was 12.3  months (range 2.6-55.0  months). Mean follow-up times were 3.7  years (range 1.2-12.9  years) from the beginning of the CyA treatment. @entity230 were tapered off and stopped gradually after initiation of CyA. All @entity1 responded to the CyA treatment within a mean of 1.8  months (range 1  week to 3.5  months). Twenty-three @entity1 achieved stable remission with mean follow-up duration of 3.2  years and 6 @entity1 seemed to become CyA-dependent, since they developed @entity644 when the treatment was stopped. Renal function was preserved in all @entity1 but one who developed @entity454 after poor compliance with CyA. We concluded that CyA treatment for HSN showing @entity1985 -range @entity644 is very effective and a safe method, although some @entity1 become CyA-dependent.

title: @entity205 therapy for Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity1310 with XXXX -range @entity644 .

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic']


abstract: To evaluate the therapeutic role of @entity205 (CyA) for the treatment of Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity1310 (HSN), 29 @entity1 (18 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) with @entity1985 -range @entity644 were analyzed retrospectively. Mean age was 8.6  years (range 2.0-15.5  years) at diagnosis of Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura (HSP). All @entity1 had developed the @entity1985 -range @entity644 at a mean interval of 4.4  months (range 0-50.7  months) after the diagnosis of HSP. Mean duration of CyA treatment was 12.3  months (range 2.6-55.0  months). Mean follow-up times were 3.7  years (range 1.2-12.9  years) from the beginning of the CyA treatment. @entity230 were tapered off and stopped gradually after initiation of CyA. All @entity1 responded to the CyA treatment within a mean of 1.8  months (range 1  week to 3.5  months). Twenty-three @entity1 achieved stable remission with mean follow-up duration of 3.2  years and 6 @entity1 seemed to become CyA-dependent, since they developed @entity644 when the treatment was stopped. Renal function was preserved in all @entity1 but one who developed @entity454 after poor compliance with CyA. We concluded that CyA treatment for HSN showing @entity1985 -range @entity644 is very effective and a safe method, although some @entity1 become CyA-dependent.

title: @entity205 therapy for Henoch-Sch  nlein @entity1310 with @entity1985 -range XXXX .

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: We reported the @entity132 in cervical @entity602 . We defined this clinical type by objective superficial sensory deficits of all four distal limbs, and excluded the @entity1 having only subjective @entity132 . Ten out of 61 @entity1 with cervical @entity602 had @entity132 of this type. Two @entity1 noticed difference of the subjective sensations of the upper and lower limbs. Eight @entity1 developed sensory symptoms initially in the upper limbs. Pin-prick sensation was diminished in the upper limbs more predominantly than in the lower limbs. Vibration sense was affected in the lower limbs predominantly. Motor functions were mildly impaired, and muscle stretch reflex of triceps brachii was preserved in all ten @entity1 . Distribution of @entity132 of four @entity1 changed in their course. Nerve conduction studies and F-wave latencies were normal. Electromyography showed mild chronic denervation of the C5-C7 innervated muscles. Somatosensory evoked potentials after median or ulnar nerve stimulation showed delayed latencies or attenuated waveforms of N13 as well as P14 peaks. Spinal cord was compressed mainly at @entity49743 intervertebral level, shown by myelography, CT-myelography or magnetic resonance imagings. We conclude that the pseudo- @entity305 type sensory disturbance of cervical @entity602 indicates the lesion at mid-to-low cervical vertebral level. The anatomical substrates for this @entity1109 could be caused by combination of the dorsal horn/anterior comissure lesions for the upper limbs, and the anterolateral funiculi lesions for the lower limbs.

title: [The "pseudo- @entity305 " type @entity132 in cervical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbances', 'pseudo-polyneuropathy type sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spondylotic myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['type of sensory impairment']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spondylotic myelopathy']


abstract: We reported the @entity132 in cervical @entity602 . We defined this clinical type by objective superficial sensory deficits of all four distal limbs, and excluded the @entity1 having only subjective @entity132 . Ten out of 61 @entity1 with cervical @entity602 had @entity132 of this type. Two @entity1 noticed difference of the subjective sensations of the upper and lower limbs. Eight @entity1 developed sensory symptoms initially in the upper limbs. Pin-prick sensation was diminished in the upper limbs more predominantly than in the lower limbs. Vibration sense was affected in the lower limbs predominantly. Motor functions were mildly impaired, and muscle stretch reflex of triceps brachii was preserved in all ten @entity1 . Distribution of @entity132 of four @entity1 changed in their course. Nerve conduction studies and F-wave latencies were normal. Electromyography showed mild chronic denervation of the C5-C7 innervated muscles. Somatosensory evoked potentials after median or ulnar nerve stimulation showed delayed latencies or attenuated waveforms of N13 as well as P14 peaks. Spinal cord was compressed mainly at @entity49743 intervertebral level, shown by myelography, CT-myelography or magnetic resonance imagings. We conclude that the pseudo- @entity305 type sensory disturbance of cervical @entity602 indicates the lesion at mid-to-low cervical vertebral level. The anatomical substrates for this @entity1109 could be caused by combination of the dorsal horn/anterior comissure lesions for the upper limbs, and the anterolateral funiculi lesions for the lower limbs.

title: [The "pseudo- XXXX " type @entity132 in cervical @entity602 ].

answer: @entity305 :: (MESH:D011115,Disease) :: ['polyneuropathy']


abstract: We reported the @entity132 in cervical @entity602 . We defined this clinical type by objective superficial sensory deficits of all four distal limbs, and excluded the @entity1 having only subjective @entity132 . Ten out of 61 @entity1 with cervical @entity602 had @entity132 of this type. Two @entity1 noticed difference of the subjective sensations of the upper and lower limbs. Eight @entity1 developed sensory symptoms initially in the upper limbs. Pin-prick sensation was diminished in the upper limbs more predominantly than in the lower limbs. Vibration sense was affected in the lower limbs predominantly. Motor functions were mildly impaired, and muscle stretch reflex of triceps brachii was preserved in all ten @entity1 . Distribution of @entity132 of four @entity1 changed in their course. Nerve conduction studies and F-wave latencies were normal. Electromyography showed mild chronic denervation of the C5-C7 innervated muscles. Somatosensory evoked potentials after median or ulnar nerve stimulation showed delayed latencies or attenuated waveforms of N13 as well as P14 peaks. Spinal cord was compressed mainly at @entity49743 intervertebral level, shown by myelography, CT-myelography or magnetic resonance imagings. We conclude that the pseudo- @entity305 type sensory disturbance of cervical @entity602 indicates the lesion at mid-to-low cervical vertebral level. The anatomical substrates for this @entity1109 could be caused by combination of the dorsal horn/anterior comissure lesions for the upper limbs, and the anterolateral funiculi lesions for the lower limbs.

title: [The "pseudo- @entity305 " type XXXX in cervical @entity602 ].

answer: @entity132 :: (MESH:D010468,Disease) :: ['sensory disturbances']


abstract: A 64-year-old right-handed @entity1 was admitted because of increasing clumsiness of the right hand and difficulty in walking since 8 months earlier. The WAIS revealed verbal IQ 124, performance IQ 104 and full scale IQ 115. Neurological examination revealed slight @entity4653 and @entity1319 . The right upper extremity showed Gegenhalten, @entity400 , @entity3520 , marked grasp reflex, grasping and groping behavior. @entity717 were slow and clumsy on the right side. However, neither ideational nor ideomotor apraxia was observed. Tendon reflexes were slightly exaggerated on the right side. Plantar responses were normal. The @entity1 had difficulty in initiating forward walking and turning movements. Once started, he walked dragging his right foot ahead of the left with short steps. A line on the floor was of no benefit. He could not stride across the line on the floor in front of him. Analysis of gait with floor reaction force revealed that the single step rhythm of his frozen gait was about 1.5 Hz, which contrasted with the high frequency seen in @entity191 . MRI demonstrated @entity194 of the frontal and parietal lobes on both sides. 123I-IMP single-photon emission CT demonstrated severe hypoperfusion of the left frontal and parietal lobes. Frozen or shuffling gait is a popular symptom as well as unsteady gait and tendency to fall in @entity528 . It may result from @entity75 . Lack of improvement in freezing by the visual input contrasts with @entity191 and may be related to dysfunction of the mesial part of the frontal lobe or the parietal lobe involved in @entity528 .

title: [Analysis of gait disturbance in a @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic elbow flexion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['the frontal lobe dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Voluntary movements']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['corticobasal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['normal eye movements']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['corticobasal degeneration']


abstract: A 64-year-old right-handed @entity1 was admitted because of increasing clumsiness of the right hand and difficulty in walking since 8 months earlier. The WAIS revealed verbal IQ 124, performance IQ 104 and full scale IQ 115. Neurological examination revealed slight @entity4653 and @entity1319 . The right upper extremity showed Gegenhalten, @entity400 , @entity3520 , marked grasp reflex, grasping and groping behavior. @entity717 were slow and clumsy on the right side. However, neither ideational nor ideomotor apraxia was observed. Tendon reflexes were slightly exaggerated on the right side. Plantar responses were normal. The @entity1 had difficulty in initiating forward walking and turning movements. Once started, he walked dragging his right foot ahead of the left with short steps. A line on the floor was of no benefit. He could not stride across the line on the floor in front of him. Analysis of gait with floor reaction force revealed that the single step rhythm of his frozen gait was about 1.5 Hz, which contrasted with the high frequency seen in @entity191 . MRI demonstrated @entity194 of the frontal and parietal lobes on both sides. 123I-IMP single-photon emission CT demonstrated severe hypoperfusion of the left frontal and parietal lobes. Frozen or shuffling gait is a popular symptom as well as unsteady gait and tendency to fall in @entity528 . It may result from @entity75 . Lack of improvement in freezing by the visual input contrasts with @entity191 and may be related to dysfunction of the mesial part of the frontal lobe or the parietal lobe involved in @entity528 .

title: [Analysis of gait disturbance in a XXXX with @entity528 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity1353 using a multibreath estimate of @entity133 (TI) was measured before and after @entity3045 in twenty @entity1 with reversible airflow limitation. The effective breathholding time was calculated by four methods due respectively to Ogilvie and colleagues as modified by the American @entity1514 Society (ATS), ATS Epidemiological Standardization Project (ESP), Jones and Meade in which allowance was made for the time of sample collection and a simplified method in which the allowance for sampling was in terms of volume, not time. Two @entity1 could perform the test procedure only after @entity3045 . Amongst the remainder the transfer factor calculated using a single-breath estimate of @entity133 (TI') was on average 12% less than TI. @entity1223 transfer coefficient (KCO), TI and TI' were highest by the ESP method and lowest by the Ogilvie method. Inhalation of @entity3045 (200 gamma) did not affect TI' by any method or TI and KCO by the Jones and Meade method but results by the other methods were reduced; in the case of the modified Ogilvie method the reduction was 3.9%. This error was due to overestimation of effective breathholding time by neglecting the reduction of 39% which occurred in the time of sample collection. The time of inspiration was unchanged whilst the time of deadspace washout was reduced by 16%. After bronchodilatation the absence of a change in TI' was due to the overestimation of effective breathholding time being offset by an increase in the proportion of @entity133 measured by the single-breath procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Measurement technique influences the response of transfer factor (TICO) to XXXX in @entity1 with airflow limitation.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Single-breath transfer factor obtained']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar volume']

answer: @entity3045 :: (MESH:D000420,Chemical) :: ['salbutamol']


abstract: @entity1353 using a multibreath estimate of @entity133 (TI) was measured before and after @entity3045 in twenty @entity1 with reversible airflow limitation. The effective breathholding time was calculated by four methods due respectively to Ogilvie and colleagues as modified by the American @entity1514 Society (ATS), ATS Epidemiological Standardization Project (ESP), Jones and Meade in which allowance was made for the time of sample collection and a simplified method in which the allowance for sampling was in terms of volume, not time. Two @entity1 could perform the test procedure only after @entity3045 . Amongst the remainder the transfer factor calculated using a single-breath estimate of @entity133 (TI') was on average 12% less than TI. @entity1223 transfer coefficient (KCO), TI and TI' were highest by the ESP method and lowest by the Ogilvie method. Inhalation of @entity3045 (200 gamma) did not affect TI' by any method or TI and KCO by the Jones and Meade method but results by the other methods were reduced; in the case of the modified Ogilvie method the reduction was 3.9%. This error was due to overestimation of effective breathholding time by neglecting the reduction of 39% which occurred in the time of sample collection. The time of inspiration was unchanged whilst the time of deadspace washout was reduced by 16%. After bronchodilatation the absence of a change in TI' was due to the overestimation of effective breathholding time being offset by an increase in the proportion of @entity133 measured by the single-breath procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Measurement technique influences the response of transfer factor (TICO) to @entity3045 in XXXX with airflow limitation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) has not significantly declined over the past 50 years, and overall survival rates are low at 5 years following diagnosis. Numerous studies have shown low serum @entity1372 to be a poor prognostic indicator of all cause mortality in @entity712 @entity1 . HYPOTHESIS: The goal of this hypothesis was to validate if @entity2753 is an important predictor of mortality in an outpatient population of @entity712 @entity1 on maximal combined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and b-blocker therapy. METHODS: A total of 364 (13% with @entity2753 ) @entity1 with @entity712 (ejection fraction [EF]  <= 40%) were enrolled in a @entity712 disease management program. The mean New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was II.XII. The average baseline serum @entity1372 was 138.2 mEq/L. RESULTS: We evaluated the relationship between @entity2753 (<135 mEq/L) and all-cause mortality at 40 months. During follow-up, 8 @entity1 in the @entity2753 group compared to 31 in the normonatremic group died. Results of Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated there were no significant differences in mortality between the @entity2753 and normonatremic groups (log-rank test = 0.39). Results for Cox proportional hazards models indicated low @entity1372 was not a significant predictor of mortality (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65, 3.07; adjusted OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 0.57, 4.53). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between @entity2753 and all-cause mortality did not reach significance. @entity2753 did not significantly predict mortality in a @entity712 population on maximal medical therapy. Copyright    2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Low serum @entity1372 as a poor prognostic indicator for mortality in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia', 'Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) has not significantly declined over the past 50 years, and overall survival rates are low at 5 years following diagnosis. Numerous studies have shown low serum @entity1372 to be a poor prognostic indicator of all cause mortality in @entity712 @entity1 . HYPOTHESIS: The goal of this hypothesis was to validate if @entity2753 is an important predictor of mortality in an outpatient population of @entity712 @entity1 on maximal combined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and b-blocker therapy. METHODS: A total of 364 (13% with @entity2753 ) @entity1 with @entity712 (ejection fraction [EF]  <= 40%) were enrolled in a @entity712 disease management program. The mean New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was II.XII. The average baseline serum @entity1372 was 138.2 mEq/L. RESULTS: We evaluated the relationship between @entity2753 (<135 mEq/L) and all-cause mortality at 40 months. During follow-up, 8 @entity1 in the @entity2753 group compared to 31 in the normonatremic group died. Results of Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated there were no significant differences in mortality between the @entity2753 and normonatremic groups (log-rank test = 0.39). Results for Cox proportional hazards models indicated low @entity1372 was not a significant predictor of mortality (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65, 3.07; adjusted OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 0.57, 4.53). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between @entity2753 and all-cause mortality did not reach significance. @entity2753 did not significantly predict mortality in a @entity712 population on maximal medical therapy. Copyright    2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Low serum XXXX as a poor prognostic indicator for mortality in @entity712 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) has not significantly declined over the past 50 years, and overall survival rates are low at 5 years following diagnosis. Numerous studies have shown low serum @entity1372 to be a poor prognostic indicator of all cause mortality in @entity712 @entity1 . HYPOTHESIS: The goal of this hypothesis was to validate if @entity2753 is an important predictor of mortality in an outpatient population of @entity712 @entity1 on maximal combined angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and b-blocker therapy. METHODS: A total of 364 (13% with @entity2753 ) @entity1 with @entity712 (ejection fraction [EF]  <= 40%) were enrolled in a @entity712 disease management program. The mean New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was II.XII. The average baseline serum @entity1372 was 138.2 mEq/L. RESULTS: We evaluated the relationship between @entity2753 (<135 mEq/L) and all-cause mortality at 40 months. During follow-up, 8 @entity1 in the @entity2753 group compared to 31 in the normonatremic group died. Results of Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated there were no significant differences in mortality between the @entity2753 and normonatremic groups (log-rank test = 0.39). Results for Cox proportional hazards models indicated low @entity1372 was not a significant predictor of mortality (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65, 3.07; adjusted OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 0.57, 4.53). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between @entity2753 and all-cause mortality did not reach significance. @entity2753 did not significantly predict mortality in a @entity712 population on maximal medical therapy. Copyright    2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Low serum @entity1372 as a poor prognostic indicator for mortality in @entity712 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We evaluated treatment and outcome of @entity1 with @entity4327 at a teaching institution. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective chart review over a 44-month period at a university hospital. @entity1 AND MEASUREMENTS: Charts of @entity1 with a hospital discharge diagnosis of @entity4327 were reviewed. Age, symptoms, @entity167 use, @entity3509 etiology, culture results, number of loculations, date and success of each procedure, length of hospital stay, and hospital discharge status were recorded for each @entity1 . Success of procedure, recovery time, time between procedures, and total hospitalization time were compared between procedures and between subgroups. RESULTS: Charts from 43 @entity1 were reviewed. Twenty-four of 43 (56%) cases were @entity3509 . Forty of 43 (93%) @entity1 had symptoms attributable to their @entity3509 , with fever being the most common (65%). Seventy-nine procedures were needed to treat the 43 @entity1 (1.84 procedures per @entity1 ). Success rates ranged from 11% (3/27) for tube thoracostomy to 95% (21/22) for decortication (p = 0.0001). Delay between procedures averaged 6.2 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- SEM) days between the first and second procedure (n = 27), and 10.4 +/- 5.1 days between the second and third procedure (n = 8). Mean recovery after successful intervention ranged from 9 to 19.3 days depending on the procedure (p = NS). Comparisons between multiloculated and uniloculated empyemas, @entity3509 , and culture proven and biochemically proven empyemas showed no significant difference in procedure success rates or length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Multiple therapeutic options exist for the treatment of @entity4327 . Optimal therapy requires selection of the most appropriate first procedure for each @entity1 with early postprocedure imaging to avoid inordinate delays between interventions.

title: XXXX thoracis. Therapeutic management and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic empyema']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['parapneumonic empyemas', 'parapneumonic and nonparapneumonic empyemas', 'empyema']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['Empyema']


abstract: The relation between the way of @entity5 detection and @entity5 stage was studied in 2511 cases of @entity0 @entity1 . 85.0% of those @entity1 discovered @entity5 by themselves. 12.7% of the @entity189 were detected through the screening program (used in FRG). It was found that there exists a clear dependence between the @entity5 stage and the kind of diagnosis finding. When the @entity0 was detected by the @entity1 herself--in spite of attending regularly the above mentioned screening program--it showed that 16.1% had a small, favourable @entity5 up to 1.0 cm, in 39.8% a rest- @entity5 and in 48.1% axillary metastases were found. In cases diagnosed through the screening program the number of small @entity189 amounted to 21.4%, a rest- @entity5 frequency was 30.5%, and the axilla was afflicted in 25.6%. When the @entity5 was detected only on account of mammography, 47.7% of the @entity1 had a small @entity5 up to a size of 1.0 cm and 89.7% of the @entity1 had no axillary metastases. The results of the study show that the sensitivity of palpation and inspection is insufficient in the search for @entity0 . By including the mammography the efficiency of the screening programs is significantly improved. A routine mammography as a part of the screening program on the one hand makes the diagnosis "no @entity5 " more reliable, and the earlier detection of @entity0 on the other hand statistically renders the chances of healing significantly more favourable.

title: [Significance of mammography study in the detection of 2,511 XXXX 1977 to 1987].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancers']


abstract: OBJECT: The aim of this study was to describe the surgical technique used for @entity1653 in the authors' practice and to review the operative outcome. METHODS: Review of the senior author's practice between 1994 and 2009 revealed 39 @entity1 (mean age 48 years) eligible for this study. Clinical presentation, surgical technique, postoperative outcome, and follow-up data are presented. Surgical technique is detailed, with an emphasis on aggressive removal consisting of drilling of the @entity1184 sphenoid bone, orbital wall, and anterior clinoid process, followed by @entity5 removal and a wide resection of the involved dura. A simple dural closure without reconstruction of the orbital roof or the lateral wall of the orbit is also described. RESULTS: Gross-total resection was achieved in 15 cases (38.5%), near-total resection with small residual in the cavernous sinus or periorbita in 20 cases (51.3%), and subtotal resection in 4 cases (10.3%). @entity260 included trigeminal hypesthesia in 9 @entity1 [corrected], oculomotor palsy in 3 @entity1 [corrected], and @entity410 in 2 @entity1 . Seven @entity1 had recurrence within the mean follow-up period of 40.7 months [corrected]. Preoperative @entity227 were present in 21 @entity1 (53.8%). Of these, 14 (66.7%) experienced visual recovery to normal levels postoperatively.Statistical analyses revealed @entity227 and @entity4916 as an independent risk factor and an independent favorable factor, respectively, for a favorable visual outcome. @entity5768 was resolved ( <= 2 mm) in 73.5% of the authors' @entity1 . No @entity1 had @entity86 . CONCLUSIONS: In the authors' practice, surgery for @entity1653 consists of resection of the orbital/sphenoid intraosseous, intraorbital, and intradural @entity5 components. The authors believe that aggressive removal of the orbital/sphenoid @entity5 is critical for a favorable visual outcome and @entity5 control. Furthermore, satisfactory cosmetic results can be achieved with simple reconstruction techniques as described.

title: XXXX : surgical technique and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['sphenoid bone hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits', 'preoperative severe visual deficit']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intraosseous tumor']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['Proptosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['removal of sphenoorbital meningiomas', 'sphenoorbital meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative enophthalmos']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Sphenoorbital meningioma']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The bark of Alnus species has long been used in traditional oriental medicine in the treatment of many pathological conditions, including fever, @entity548 , @entity294 , @entity988 , various @entity272 (e.g. chronic herpes, @entity484 and @entity9586 ), and @entity32 . In order to assess the immunomodulatory efficacy of a novel herbal medicine in treating @entity483 , we measured serum levels of several @entity56 and inflammatory biomarkers in NC/Nga @entity19 before and after treatment with this experimental agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gene and protein expression analyses of @entity13633 and @entity10178 were quantified by real time PCR and Western blot analysis and serum levels of @entity58 were also measured by ELISA, all of which were reduced after treatment with the experimental agent. Additionally, serum concentrations of IgE and blood eosinophil counts were reduced in treated @entity19 . RESULTS: The topical application of leaf and bark extract from Alnus japonica suppressed the development of @entity195 -like @entity272 . The percent of blood eosinophils was decreased after treatment with leaf and bark extract from Alnus japonica. The serum IgE and @entity61 -related cytokine levels were decreased after treatment with leaf and bark extract from Alnus japonica compared with those treated with base cream (vehicle treated @entity195 group). The @entity58 , @entity59 and @entity1312 were lower than those of vehicle treated @entity195 group. CONCLUSIONS: We contend that leaf and bark extract from Alnus japonica may prove useful in the treatment of @entity483 and other @entity56 @entity272 , although more in-depth clinical studies are necessary before clinical implementation.

title: Effect of Alnus japonica extract on a model of XXXX in NC/Nga @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions', 'skin diseases']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The bark of Alnus species has long been used in traditional oriental medicine in the treatment of many pathological conditions, including fever, @entity548 , @entity294 , @entity988 , various @entity272 (e.g. chronic herpes, @entity484 and @entity9586 ), and @entity32 . In order to assess the immunomodulatory efficacy of a novel herbal medicine in treating @entity483 , we measured serum levels of several @entity56 and inflammatory biomarkers in NC/Nga @entity19 before and after treatment with this experimental agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gene and protein expression analyses of @entity13633 and @entity10178 were quantified by real time PCR and Western blot analysis and serum levels of @entity58 were also measured by ELISA, all of which were reduced after treatment with the experimental agent. Additionally, serum concentrations of IgE and blood eosinophil counts were reduced in treated @entity19 . RESULTS: The topical application of leaf and bark extract from Alnus japonica suppressed the development of @entity195 -like @entity272 . The percent of blood eosinophils was decreased after treatment with leaf and bark extract from Alnus japonica. The serum IgE and @entity61 -related cytokine levels were decreased after treatment with leaf and bark extract from Alnus japonica compared with those treated with base cream (vehicle treated @entity195 group). The @entity58 , @entity59 and @entity1312 were lower than those of vehicle treated @entity195 group. CONCLUSIONS: We contend that leaf and bark extract from Alnus japonica may prove useful in the treatment of @entity483 and other @entity56 @entity272 , although more in-depth clinical studies are necessary before clinical implementation.

title: Effect of Alnus japonica extract on a model of @entity483 in NC/Nga XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: From December 1990 to December 1993, 130 @entity1 who had a lesion localized to the spinal cord were admitted to the Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Addis Ababa. These @entity1 accounted for 18.0% of all neurological admission to this department. The male/male female ratio was 1:8:1; the mean age was 40 years for these @entity1 ; 52% were from Addis Ababa City and 48% of them were coming from the rest of the country. Paraparesis or @entity451 (77%) and @entity1688 or @entity1688 (23%) were the commonest presenting complaints. Sensory level, @entity1690 and bedsores were found in 70%, 54% and 14% of the cases respectively. @entity1511 was found to be the leading cause accounting for 35 (26.9%), and @entity2858 @entity602 was the second common type accounting for 22 (16.9%) of @entity602 . Metastatic @entity1745 , tropical @entity3500 , (progressive @entity1745 ), @entity4720 , primary @entity5 and @entity5697 were also not uncommon. Death related to @entity295 or other causes were documented in 14 (10.8%). Follow-up was arranged on discharge, and only 45 (38.8%) @entity1 were able to attend at least once the neurology referral clinic. @entity602 is an important @entity16 and currently @entity2858 associated @entity602 has become the second important presumed cause.

title: XXXX in Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis', 'quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5697 :: ('MESH:D009188', 'Disease') :: ['transverse myelitis']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cord tumours']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy', 'myelopathies', 'Myelopathy', 'spinal cord disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculous spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cord compression', 'non compressive myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['Myelopathies']


abstract: Experimental wister @entity35 were fed on coix-mixed diet for 30 days in a view to study the effect of Coix feeding on the state of haemostatic mechanisms. Blood plasma which was obtained after cardiac puncture was analyzed for fibrinogen levels, euglobulin lysis time, fibrinolytic activity by protamin @entity597 degradation and inhibitors of plasmin. These experimental models were set with a view to analyze situations mimicking processes associated with haemostasis and interpolate such situations in changes associated with the development of @entity731 . To study the plasma fibrinogen levels in experimental and control animals, spectrophotometric method was applied. Feeding the animals with coix-pellets mixed diet caused a decrease in fibrinogen levels as compared with controls. An overall decrease of this plasma protein was observed in both sexes. It was shown that euglobulin lysis time (ELT) was insignificantly changed in the experimental animals. However, fibrinolytic activity by degradation of protamin @entity597 showed an increased fibrinolytic potential in experimental animals. In the same experimental models the analysis for the activity of inhibitors of plasmin showed no significant differences in mean values. It was found that coix has got vital nutritional value in lowering fibrinogen levels while at the same time creating a tendency of reducing fibrinolytic activity. More experiments should be conducted to show the possible mechanisms by which the observations can affect the development of @entity731 in @entity1 .

title: The effect on fibrinolytic system of blood plasma of Wister XXXX after feeding them with Coix mixed diet.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously we demonstrated the safety and patency of a magnetic compression @entity254 (magnamosis). We present the further development of this technique, with specific focus on optimizing device design for minimally invasive magnamosis. STUDY DESIGN: The magnamosis device was designed to incorporate 3 features: 2 convex-concave radially symmetric halves that magnetically self-align, a central channel for immediate patency, and specially engineered radial topography of the mating surfaces to promote gradual remodeling. Each symmetrical half consists of a ring-shaped neodymium- @entity68 - @entity9725 magnet encased in polycarbonate casing. Twenty-one young adult @entity1707 underwent either magnetic gastrojejunostomy (n = 13) or jejunojejunostomy (n = 8). Animals were euthanized at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after operation. Anastomoses were studied with contrast radiography, burst pressure, and histology. RESULTS: Gastrojejunostomy: In all animals with successful placement of magnets, anastomoses were patent by contrast fluoroscopy, well healed by histologic examination, and showed excellent burst strength. Jejunojejunostomy: All animals had uneventful clinical courses, indicating that the magnamosis with immediate patency functioned properly without @entity1652 . At sacrifice, all magnamoses were patent, well healed by histology, and had burst strengths that equaled or exceeded that of traditional stapled anastomoses. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive placement of a custom magnetic device in the stomach and jejunum allows intraluminal self-alignment and subsequent compression @entity254 over 3 to 10 days. The magnamosis is immediately patent and develops strength equal to or greater than that of hand-sewn or stapled anastomoses. Magnamosis is effective in the @entity1707 model, and may be a safe, effective, and minimally invasive alternative to current anastomotic strategies in @entity1 .

title: Magnamosis II: Magnetic compression XXXX for minimally invasive gastrojejunostomy and jejunojejunostomy.

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['device dislodgement']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Brugada type 1 electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern occurs in 0.2% of Filipinos. A knowledge gap exists on the natural course of asymptomatic @entity1 with Brugada type 1 ECG pattern. Most studies that reported cohort event rates were taken from hospitals or referral centers. This is the first cohort from an entire country where the subjects were selected randomly. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of @entity299 at 4 and 6 years of 7 @entity1 with Brugada type 1 ECG pattern of 3,907 @entity1 previously screened from the general population of the Philippines during the National Nutrition and Health Survey. Personal interviews at year 4 using a structured questionnaire were conducted by 1 of the investigators. Occurrences of major ( @entity1163 , @entity410 , unexplained accidents, @entity944 ) and minor events in subjects and their first- and second-degree relatives were elicited. Six-year follow-up by text messaging was conducted to ascertain vital status and occurrence of @entity299 . All 7 @entity1 with Brugada type 1 ECG pattern were @entity1 . Three of the 7 initially asymptomatic subjects (43%, 95 confidence interval 6 to 80) developed a major @entity299 by the fourth year. Those with events were younger than those without events. All 7 were alive by the sixth year. No additional events were noted between the fourth and sixth years. In conclusion, @entity299 are considerable in initially asymptomatic Filipinos with Brugada type 1 ECG pattern.

title: Frequency of XXXX at four years among initially asymptomatic filipinos with the Brugada type 1 electrocardiographic pattern.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac event']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: Lipoprotein particles were examined in plasma and ascitic fluid from nine @entity1 (5 males and 4 females) with @entity1575 and in plasma from nine control subjects. LDL and HDL fractions were isolated by ultracentrifugation under rate flotation conditions in a @entity28309 . LDL size was analysed by non-denaturing @entity2975 gradient gel electrophoresis. Plasma lipids in cirrhotic @entity1 were markedly reduced compared to controls. Free @entity165 represented 45.3% of the total @entity165 in plasma and 70.4% of the total @entity165 in the ascitic fluid. The total @entity165 - @entity412 ratio was three times higher in the plasma than in the ascitic fluid of cirrhotic @entity1 . The LDL particles had the same flotation properties in plasma from cirrhotic @entity1 as in that from controls. In cirrhotic @entity1 the IDL concentration was higher than that in controls. In ascitic fluid the LDL particles had a higher flotation rate than in the plasma. The LDL diameter as measured by gradient gel electrophoresis was similar in both plasma and ascitic fluid of the cirrhotic @entity1 as well as in the plasma of controls. In plasma and ascitic fluid of cirrhotic @entity1 only a single HDL subclass (HDL1) could be identified. HDL1 particles had a higher flotation rate than normal HDL particles. The plasma levels of all the apoproteins were reduced in cirrhotic subjects compared to controls, but to a variable degree; while apo CII level in @entity82 represented only 9% of the control level, the @entity2204 level represented 77% of the control level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The lipoprotein composition of plasma and ascitic fluid in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity28309 :: ('MESH:D006933', 'Disease') :: ['zonal rotor']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: Fetuses from linebred lean (L) and @entity28 (O) and reciprocal crossmatings were examined at 110 d of gestation for line, maternal and heterotic effects. There was no significant heterotic effect for any trait measured. A significant maternal effect was observed for adipose tissue @entity73326 ( @entity73326 ) activity and for serum @entity1674 . The enzyme activity and @entity1674 concentration were higher in fetuses from O dams than in fetuses from L dams. In a lipid clearance test, no maternal effect was observed for changes in serum concentrations of @entity1674 and free @entity1718 or in optical density (associated with the disappearance of injected Liposyn). Linebred O fetuses exhibited higher @entity73326 activity in both the biceps femoris muscle and sc adipose tissue compared with linebred L fetuses. The @entity73326 activity of the adipose tissue was higher than that of the skeletal muscle. The percentage of dry matter, percentage of @entity1674 and protein/DNA were higher in the muscle of linebred O fetuses than in that of linebred L fetuses. Based on tissue @entity73326 activity and on muscle compositional traits, linebred O fetuses were more mature at 110 d of gestation than were the linebred L fetuses. @entity28 had little detectable influence on fetal development of the @entity1707 when measured at 110 d of gestation.

title: Influence of maternal XXXX on fetal development in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['linebred obese', 'Maternal obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Fetuses from linebred lean (L) and @entity28 (O) and reciprocal crossmatings were examined at 110 d of gestation for line, maternal and heterotic effects. There was no significant heterotic effect for any trait measured. A significant maternal effect was observed for adipose tissue @entity73326 ( @entity73326 ) activity and for serum @entity1674 . The enzyme activity and @entity1674 concentration were higher in fetuses from O dams than in fetuses from L dams. In a lipid clearance test, no maternal effect was observed for changes in serum concentrations of @entity1674 and free @entity1718 or in optical density (associated with the disappearance of injected Liposyn). Linebred O fetuses exhibited higher @entity73326 activity in both the biceps femoris muscle and sc adipose tissue compared with linebred L fetuses. The @entity73326 activity of the adipose tissue was higher than that of the skeletal muscle. The percentage of dry matter, percentage of @entity1674 and protein/DNA were higher in the muscle of linebred O fetuses than in that of linebred L fetuses. Based on tissue @entity73326 activity and on muscle compositional traits, linebred O fetuses were more mature at 110 d of gestation than were the linebred L fetuses. @entity28 had little detectable influence on fetal development of the @entity1707 when measured at 110 d of gestation.

title: Influence of maternal @entity28 on fetal development in XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: Hysterectomies are frequently required operations in gynecology. Several studies have reported an association between premenopausal hysterectomy and the risk of @entity65 . However, the pathophysiological linkages between these two conditions have not been elucidated. In recent years it has been shown that a decrease in plasma fibrinolytic activity is associated with increased risk of @entity715 . Furthermore, it has been known that the uterus is a very finbrinolytic active organ. In the present study we investigated the hypothesis that hysterectomy may lead to a decrease in plasma fibrinolytic activity, and thereby increase the risk for @entity1031 . Fibrinolytic parameters of plasma were investigated in 26 @entity1 before and 6 weeks after premenopausal hysterectomy. Euglobulin lysis time (ELT), a global measure of plasma fibrinolytic activity, and the levels of @entity1456 (tPA) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) were not different before and after hysterectomy. The ELT difference before and after @entity432 , which is a good indicator for the risk of @entity715 , was also not significantly changed after hysterectomy. @entity53 -17 beta, @entity1420 , LH, FSH and sex hormone binding globulin displayed no significant changes after hysterectomy. Furthermore, the hormone measurements also indicated that the @entity1 were premenopausal. There were no correlations between the hormone values and fibrinolytic parameters. These data indicate that premenopausal hysterectomy does not lead to changes in plasma fibrinolytic activity.

title: Influence of hysterectomy on the fibrinolytic activity of plasma of XXXX with intact ovarian function.

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Polyoma virus BK-induced @entity2335 is an important cause of morbidity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). @entity2887 have been shown in vitro to inhibit BK viral replication by direct inhibition of the BK-encoded DNA gyrase. We hypothesized that extended prophylaxis with @entity2177 may decrease the incidence of severe (grades 3 and 4) @entity8999 -associated @entity2335 (sBKHC) after HSCT. We retrospectively collected @entity1 and transplant data, as well as incidence of sBKHC, for all consecutive @entity1 undergoing allogeneic HSCT between June 2006 and August 2010 at our institution. Prophylaxis for sBKHC with @entity2177 500 mg orally twice daily from day 0 until day 60 had been instituted in March 2009, delimiting a group receiving @entity2177 prophylaxis (CP) or no prophylaxis (NP). We compared the cumulative incidence of sBKHC in CP and NP, including death in absence of sBKHC as a competing risk. Ninety-two consecutive @entity1 were included in the analysis, 44 in CP and 48 in NP. Median age of @entity1 was 50 years (range: 19-70), and 47% received a myeloablative conditioning regimen. The cumulative incidence of sBKHC was significantly reduced in CP (2.6% versus 20.9%, P  =  .01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that assignment to CP and concomitant @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) were the only factors independently associated with the occurrence of sBKHC. @entity1 in CP did not experience a higher risk of @entity2718 @entity294 and were less likely to develop episodes of @entity2259 . @entity2177 prophylaxis appears safe and effective in reducing the incidence of severe BKHC after allogeneic HSCT.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity2177 for prophylaxis of @entity8999 virus-associated XXXX in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']


abstract: Polyoma virus BK-induced @entity2335 is an important cause of morbidity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). @entity2887 have been shown in vitro to inhibit BK viral replication by direct inhibition of the BK-encoded DNA gyrase. We hypothesized that extended prophylaxis with @entity2177 may decrease the incidence of severe (grades 3 and 4) @entity8999 -associated @entity2335 (sBKHC) after HSCT. We retrospectively collected @entity1 and transplant data, as well as incidence of sBKHC, for all consecutive @entity1 undergoing allogeneic HSCT between June 2006 and August 2010 at our institution. Prophylaxis for sBKHC with @entity2177 500 mg orally twice daily from day 0 until day 60 had been instituted in March 2009, delimiting a group receiving @entity2177 prophylaxis (CP) or no prophylaxis (NP). We compared the cumulative incidence of sBKHC in CP and NP, including death in absence of sBKHC as a competing risk. Ninety-two consecutive @entity1 were included in the analysis, 44 in CP and 48 in NP. Median age of @entity1 was 50 years (range: 19-70), and 47% received a myeloablative conditioning regimen. The cumulative incidence of sBKHC was significantly reduced in CP (2.6% versus 20.9%, P  =  .01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that assignment to CP and concomitant @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) were the only factors independently associated with the occurrence of sBKHC. @entity1 in CP did not experience a higher risk of @entity2718 @entity294 and were less likely to develop episodes of @entity2259 . @entity2177 prophylaxis appears safe and effective in reducing the incidence of severe BKHC after allogeneic HSCT.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity2177 for prophylaxis of XXXX virus-associated @entity2335 in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients.

answer: @entity8999 :: (10629,Species) :: ['polyomavirus BK']


abstract: Polyoma virus BK-induced @entity2335 is an important cause of morbidity after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). @entity2887 have been shown in vitro to inhibit BK viral replication by direct inhibition of the BK-encoded DNA gyrase. We hypothesized that extended prophylaxis with @entity2177 may decrease the incidence of severe (grades 3 and 4) @entity8999 -associated @entity2335 (sBKHC) after HSCT. We retrospectively collected @entity1 and transplant data, as well as incidence of sBKHC, for all consecutive @entity1 undergoing allogeneic HSCT between June 2006 and August 2010 at our institution. Prophylaxis for sBKHC with @entity2177 500 mg orally twice daily from day 0 until day 60 had been instituted in March 2009, delimiting a group receiving @entity2177 prophylaxis (CP) or no prophylaxis (NP). We compared the cumulative incidence of sBKHC in CP and NP, including death in absence of sBKHC as a competing risk. Ninety-two consecutive @entity1 were included in the analysis, 44 in CP and 48 in NP. Median age of @entity1 was 50 years (range: 19-70), and 47% received a myeloablative conditioning regimen. The cumulative incidence of sBKHC was significantly reduced in CP (2.6% versus 20.9%, P  =  .01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that assignment to CP and concomitant @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) were the only factors independently associated with the occurrence of sBKHC. @entity1 in CP did not experience a higher risk of @entity2718 @entity294 and were less likely to develop episodes of @entity2259 . @entity2177 prophylaxis appears safe and effective in reducing the incidence of severe BKHC after allogeneic HSCT.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX for prophylaxis of @entity8999 virus-associated @entity2335 in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients.

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: A new model was developed to study microcirculation in the intact heart of the anesthetized @entity35 , and the effects of roentgenography and magnetic resonance imaging contrast media were investigated. METHODS: Roentgenography contrast media (600 mg @entity1496 /kg), @entity27307 (0.25 mmol/kg), or physiological saline were injected intraarterially into anesthetized @entity35 (N = 10) whose chests had been opened in a pressurized container. The effects on arterial and venous vasomotion and microhemodynamics of the capillary network were determined in vivo by combined incidental light-fluoroscopic microscopy using continuous 35-mm cine film and video recordings from 5 minutes before until 20 minutes after injection. The amplitude and frequency spectra were evaluated according to the Prony method and by Fourier analysis. Additionally, the number of perfused vessel bifurcations were counted. RESULTS: @entity27307 exhibited no effects on microcirculation, and @entity4946 exhibited the largest ones. The deformation of the vasomotion spectrum reached 28%, and bifurcations were reduced by 21%. The effects were reversible within 10 minutes of injection. Iotrolan showed minimal disturbance. The other contrast media ( @entity16940 , @entity3990 , @entity7567 ) fell between these two extremes. CONCLUSION: High-osmolar ionic roentgenography contrast media resulted in a transient deregulation of vasomotion and in a disturbed microcirculation in the @entity35 heart. Isotonic or low-osmolar nonionic roentgenography contrast media or @entity27307 did not show this effect or showed it only to a minimal extent.

title: Changes in the microcirculation of the intact XXXX heart after iodinated and gadolinium-containing contrast media.

entities_list: @entity16940 :: ('MESH:C038192', 'Chemical') :: ['iopromide']

entities_list: @entity4946 :: ('MESH:D003973', 'Chemical') :: ['diatrizoate']

entities_list: @entity7567 :: ('MESH:D007485', 'Chemical') :: ['ioxaglate']

entities_list: @entity27307 :: ('CHEBI:35778', 'Chemical') :: ['gadopentetate', 'Gadopentetate']

entities_list: @entity3990 :: ('MESH:D007479', 'Chemical') :: ['iopamidol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A temporary cardiovascular stent device by bioabsorbable materials might reduce late stent @entity715 . A water-soluble amphiphilic phospholipid polymer bearing @entity2945 groups (PMB30W) was blended with a high-molecular-weight @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) to reduce unfavorable tissue responses at the surface. The @entity15274 implants and the polymer blend ( @entity15274 /PMB30W) implants were inserted into subcutaneous tissues of @entity35 , the infrarenal aorta of @entity35 , and the internal carotid arteries of @entity95 . After 6 months subcutaneous implantation, the @entity15274 /PMB30W maintained high density of @entity2945 groups on the surface without a significant bioabsorption. After intravascular implantation, the cross-sectional areas of polymer tubing with diameters less than 1.6  mm were histomorphometrically measured. Compared to the @entity15274 tubing, the @entity15274 /PMB30W tubing significantly reduced the @entity715 formation during 30  d of implantation. @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured on the @entity15274 and the @entity15274 /PMB30W to compare inflammatory reactions. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay quantified substantially decreased proinflammatory cytokines in the case of the @entity15274 /PMB30W. They were almost the same level as the negative controls. Thus, we conclude that the @entity2945 groups could reduce tissue responses significantly both in vivo and in vitro, and the @entity15274 /PMB30W is a promising material for preparing temporary cardiovascular stent devices.

title: Tissue response to XXXX -based blend with phospholipid polymer for biodegradable cardiovascular stents.

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(l-lactic acid)']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorylcholine']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['poly(L-lactic acid)']


abstract: Oxidative modification of DNA, lipids, and proteins occurs as a consequence of reaction with free radicals and activated @entity26 . Oxidative modification of total cellular proteins has been described under many pathologic and experimental conditions, but no specific proteins have been identified as in vivo targets for oxidative modification. Utilizing an immunochemical method for detection of oxidatively modified proteins, we identified a protein in @entity35 liver that was highly oxidized. It was purified to homogeneity and identified as carbonic anhydrase, isozyme III. Its characteristics match those previously described for a protein that was lost during aging of the @entity35 , senescence marker protein-1. @entity1251 was purified from @entity35 aged 2, 10, and 18 months, and the proteins were characterized. All three preparations were highly oxidatively modified as assessed by their @entity6738 content. The enzyme has three known catalytic activities, and the specific activities for @entity544 hydration and for @entity13507 hydrolysis decreased during aging by approximately 30%. However, the third activity, that of a phosphatase, was virtually lost during aging. While the physiologic role of @entity1251 is unknown, we suggest that it functions in an oxidizing environment, which leads to its own oxidative modification.

title: XXXX . Oxidative modification in vivo and loss of phosphatase activity during aging.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1251 :: ('54232(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Carbonic anhydrase III', 'carbonic anhydrase III']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

answer: @entity1251 :: (54232(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Carbonic anhydrase III']