abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased @entity5 expression of @entity11833 ( @entity11833 ) is associated with decreased survival in @entity1 with @entity5 . Its effect in @entity788 ( @entity788 ) is not defined. METHODS: Ninety-five @entity1 were selected from a prospective database of all @entity1 (n  =  220) who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity788 between January 2000 and October 2008. @entity5 was isolated to perform immunohistochemistry for @entity11833 expression and was graded by a single pathologist. Main outcomes were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Median age was 63  years; 50 @entity1 (53%) were male and 73 (77%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 25  months. Median @entity1349 and @entity1349 was 9 and 16  months. Median @entity5 size was 3  cm; 26% had a positive resection margin, 34% had poorly differentiated @entity5 , 61% had positive lymph nodes, 88% had perineural invasion, and 45% had lymphovascular invasion. @entity5 exhibited differential @entity11833 expression in terms of intensity staining [none-weak: 61%; moderate-strong: 39%], percentage staining [0: 39%; 1-10: 29%; 11-50: 20%; 51-100: 12%], and overall expression [low: 84%; high: 16%]. High @entity11833 expression was associated with reduced @entity1349 (6 vs. 10  months; P  =  0.03) and decreased @entity1349 (9 vs. 18  months; P  =  0.019). After accounting for @entity5 factors, high @entity11833 expression persisted as a negative prognostic factor on multivariate Cox regression for both @entity1349 and @entity1349 [hazards ratio (HR), 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-3.9; P  =  0.02; HR, 3; 95% CI, 1.6-6; P  =  0.001, respectively]. A subset analysis of only those 73 @entity1 who received adjuvant therapy revealed the same negative effect of high @entity11833 expression on @entity1349 (4 vs. 15  months; P  =  0.001) and @entity1349 (9 vs. 20  months; P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity788 exhibits differential expression of @entity11833 . High @entity11833 expression is associated with both reduced @entity1349 and @entity1349 after resection. @entity11833 expression levels may help to predict @entity1 outcome with adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Differential expression of XXXX in pancreas adenocarcinoma: high @entity5 expression is associated with earlier recurrence and shortened survival after resection.

entities_list: @entity11833 :: ('2067', 'Gene') :: ['excision repair cross-complementing gene-1', 'ERCC1']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreas cancer', 'PAC', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'various cancers', 'adverse tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity11833 :: (2067,Gene) :: ['ERCC1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased @entity5 expression of @entity11833 ( @entity11833 ) is associated with decreased survival in @entity1 with @entity5 . Its effect in @entity788 ( @entity788 ) is not defined. METHODS: Ninety-five @entity1 were selected from a prospective database of all @entity1 (n  =  220) who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity788 between January 2000 and October 2008. @entity5 was isolated to perform immunohistochemistry for @entity11833 expression and was graded by a single pathologist. Main outcomes were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Median age was 63  years; 50 @entity1 (53%) were male and 73 (77%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 25  months. Median @entity1349 and @entity1349 was 9 and 16  months. Median @entity5 size was 3  cm; 26% had a positive resection margin, 34% had poorly differentiated @entity5 , 61% had positive lymph nodes, 88% had perineural invasion, and 45% had lymphovascular invasion. @entity5 exhibited differential @entity11833 expression in terms of intensity staining [none-weak: 61%; moderate-strong: 39%], percentage staining [0: 39%; 1-10: 29%; 11-50: 20%; 51-100: 12%], and overall expression [low: 84%; high: 16%]. High @entity11833 expression was associated with reduced @entity1349 (6 vs. 10  months; P  =  0.03) and decreased @entity1349 (9 vs. 18  months; P  =  0.019). After accounting for @entity5 factors, high @entity11833 expression persisted as a negative prognostic factor on multivariate Cox regression for both @entity1349 and @entity1349 [hazards ratio (HR), 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-3.9; P  =  0.02; HR, 3; 95% CI, 1.6-6; P  =  0.001, respectively]. A subset analysis of only those 73 @entity1 who received adjuvant therapy revealed the same negative effect of high @entity11833 expression on @entity1349 (4 vs. 15  months; P  =  0.001) and @entity1349 (9 vs. 20  months; P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity788 exhibits differential expression of @entity11833 . High @entity11833 expression is associated with both reduced @entity1349 and @entity1349 after resection. @entity11833 expression levels may help to predict @entity1 outcome with adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Differential expression of @entity11833 in pancreas adenocarcinoma: high XXXX expression is associated with earlier recurrence and shortened survival after resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Many bacteriophages, such as @entity1519 , T7, RB49, and phi29, have complex, sometimes multilayered, tails that facilitate an almost 100% success rate for the viral particles to infect host cells. In @entity1519 , there is a baseplate, which is a multiprotein assembly, at the distal end of the contractile tail. The baseplate communicates to the tail that the phage fibers have attached to the host cell, thereby initiating the infection process. Gene product 8 (gp8), whose @entity535 sequence consists of 334 residues, is one of at least 16 different structural proteins that constitute the @entity1519 baseplate and is the sixth baseplate protein whose structure has been determined. A 2.0A resolution X-ray structure of gp8 shows that the two-domain protein forms a dimer, in which each monomer consists of a three-layered beta-sandwich with two loops, each containing an alpha-helix at the opposite sides of the sandwich. The crystals of gp8 were produced in the presence of concentrated @entity2865 and @entity4001 ions, resulting in at least 11 @entity2866 -binding sites per monomer. Five @entity2866 sites, situated at the N termini of alpha-helices, have a protein environment observed in other @entity2866 -containing protein crystal structures. The computer programs EMfit and SITUS were used to determine the positions of six gp8 dimers within the 12A resolution cryo-electron microscopy image reconstruction of the baseplate-tail tube complex. The gp8 dimers were found to be located in the upper part of the baseplate outer rim. About 20% of the gp8 surface is involved in contacts with other baseplate proteins, presumed to be gp6, @entity29577 , and gp10. With the structure determination of gp8, a total of 53% of the volume of the baseplate has now been interpreted in terms of its atomic structure.

title: Structure and location of gene product 8 in the XXXX baseplate.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity4001 :: ('CHEBI:15858', 'Chemical') :: ['bromide']

answer: @entity1519 :: (10665,Species) :: ['bacteriophage T4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity645 long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) maintaining high @entity404 (+) T-cell counts without antiretroviral therapy (ART) are divided into elite controllers (ECs) with undetectable and viremic controllers (VCs) with low viral loads. Little is known about the long-term changes of T-cell subsets and @entity32 patterns in ECs versus VCs. The aim of the study was to explore the long-term evolution of @entity404 (+) T-cell levels in LTNPs and to analyze cytokine profiles in ECs versus VCs. Nineteen ECs and 15 VCs were enrolled from the natural virus controller cohort (NaViC). T-cell counts were monitored over years, the mean annual change was calculated, and plasma concentrations of 25 cytokines were evaluated using a multiplex bead array. While absolute numbers of T cells did not differ between ECs and VCs over time, we observed a significant decrease of @entity404 (+) T-cell percentages in VCs, but not in ECs (median [interquartile range]: ECs: 37% [28-41] vs. VCs: 29% [25-34]; p   =   .02). ECs had lower levels of @entity12868 ( @entity12868 , p   =   .003), interferon @entity371 ( @entity371 , p   =   .03), and monokine induced by interferon-y ( @entity373 , p   =   .02). @entity404 (+) T-cell percentages inversely correlated with @entity12868 (r   =   -0.42, p   =   .017) and @entity371 (r   =   -0.77, p   <   .0001). A subtle decline of @entity404 (+) T-cell percentages could be observed in VCs, but not in ECs, which was associated with higher plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Hence, even low levels of @entity645 replication might go along with a progressive decline in @entity404 (+) T-cell counts in LTNPs.

title: Cytokine and Chemokine Signature in Elite Versus Viremic Controllers Infected with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12868 :: ('6351', 'Gene') :: ['MIP 1-b', 'MIP-1b', 'macrophage inflammatory protein-1b']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The role of urgent endoscopy in high-risk nonvariceal @entity360 (NVUGIB) is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) performed sooner than the currently recommended 24 h in high-risk @entity1 presenting with NVUGIB is associated with lower all-cause in-hospital mortality. METHODS: All adult @entity1 undergoing EGD for the indications of coffee-grounds vomitus, hematemesis or melena at a university hospital over an 18-month period were enrolled. @entity1 with variceal and lower @entity360 were excluded. Data were prospectively collected. RESULTS: A total of 934 @entity1 were included. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the @entity18880 ( @entity18880 ) was 0.813 for predicting all-cause in-hospital mortality, with a cut-off score of >=  12 resulting in 90 % specificity. In low-risk @entity1 with @entity18880 < 12, presentation-to-endoscopy time in those who died and in those who survived was similar. In high-risk @entity1 with @entity18880 of >=  12, presentation-to-endoscopy time was significantly longer in those who died than in those who survived. Multivariate analysis of the high-risk cohort showed presentation-to-endoscopy time to be the only factor associated with all-cause in-hospital mortality. For high-risk @entity1 , the AUROC for presentation-to-endoscopy time in predicting all-cause in-hospital mortality was 0.803, with a sensitivity of 100 % at the cut-off time of 13 h. All-cause in-hospital mortality in high-risk @entity1 was significantly higher in those with presentation-to-endoscopy time of > 13 h compared with those undergoing endoscopy in < 13 h from presentation (44 % vs. 0 %; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopy within 13 h of presentation was associated with lower mortality in high-risk but not low-risk NVUGIB.

title: Urgent endoscopy is associated with lower mortality in high-risk but not low-risk nonvariceal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity18880 :: ('MESH:C536506', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow-Blatchford score', 'GBS']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding', 'upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There has been increased attention to the issue of fertility preservation (FP). We aimed to investigate the long-term safety of FP via controlled ovarian stimulation with letrozole supplementation (COSTLES) prior to @entity0 treatment. DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : This is a prospective non-randomized controlled study conducted between the years 2002 and 2014. A total of 337 @entity1 diagnosed with stage  <=3 invasive @entity0 were enrolled during a FP consultation before chemotherapy. Of those, 120 elected to undergo COSTLES for FP prior to chemotherapy (FP group). The remaining 217 @entity1 did not undergo any FP procedure and served as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Primary endpoint was @entity5 recurrence defined as the detection of @entity5 (chest wall, regional nodal disease), distant metastases, or contralateral invasive @entity0 . RESULTS: The baseline characteristics at enrollment were similar between FP and control groups except for the less frequent lymph node involvement (P = 0.02) in the former. The mean follow-up after diagnosis was 5.0 years in the FP and 6.9 years in the control group. In the FP group, the hazard ratio for recurrence after ovarian stimulation was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.28, 2.13) and the survival was not compromised compared with controls (P = 0.61). Neither @entity5345 gene mutation status (P = 0.57), nor undergoing FP before or after breast surgery (P = 0.44) affected survival outcomes in FP group. Likewise, none of the @entity5 characteristics including the @entity172 receptor status affected the survival rates following COSTLES. CONCLUSION: COSTLES is unlikely to cause substantially increased recurrence risk in @entity0 during the 5 years after diagnosis.

title: LONG-TERM SAFETY OF LETROZONE AND GONADOTROPIN STIMULATION FOR FERTILITY PRESERVATION IN XXXX WITH BREAST CANCER.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'locoregional tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['WOMEN']


abstract: Hypofrontality and decreased lateralization have been two major, albeit controversial, results from functional neuroimaging studies of @entity161 . We used fMRI to study cortical activation during a @entity2414 (WM) task (2-back) in 15 inpatients acutely ill with @entity161 and 15 matched control subjects. We hypothesized (i) hypofrontality in @entity1 in both tasks and (ii) decreased lateralization of prefrontal activation in @entity1 under the assumption that, in controls, left prefrontal cortex (PFC) is engaged preferentially in the verbal task (verbal domain dominance) and the right prefrontal cortex is engaged preferentially in the spatial task (spatial domain dominance). Our results showed no significant differences in frontal activation between controls and @entity1 , i.e. no hypofrontality in @entity1 , even at a very liberal threshold (p<0.01). This may be explained by the fact that nearly all @entity1 studied received atypical neuroleptics. Nonetheless, we found evidence for more subtle, domain-related @entity409 . Whereas controls showed verbal WM domain dominance in @entity75 and spatial WM domain dominance in right prefrontal cortex, these domain dominance effects were absent in the @entity1 group, i.e. there were no lateralization effects. Finally, only @entity1 showed an inverse correlation between performance and right prefrontal activation in verbal WM. We conclude that the finding of hypofrontality may depend on the medication of the @entity1 and that there is @entity409 even in the absence of hypofrontality.

title: No hypofrontality, but absence of prefrontal lateralization comparing XXXX in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior frontal cortex']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['prefrontal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['verbal and spatial working memory']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['verbal and spatial working memory']


abstract: Hypofrontality and decreased lateralization have been two major, albeit controversial, results from functional neuroimaging studies of @entity161 . We used fMRI to study cortical activation during a @entity2414 (WM) task (2-back) in 15 inpatients acutely ill with @entity161 and 15 matched control subjects. We hypothesized (i) hypofrontality in @entity1 in both tasks and (ii) decreased lateralization of prefrontal activation in @entity1 under the assumption that, in controls, left prefrontal cortex (PFC) is engaged preferentially in the verbal task (verbal domain dominance) and the right prefrontal cortex is engaged preferentially in the spatial task (spatial domain dominance). Our results showed no significant differences in frontal activation between controls and @entity1 , i.e. no hypofrontality in @entity1 , even at a very liberal threshold (p<0.01). This may be explained by the fact that nearly all @entity1 studied received atypical neuroleptics. Nonetheless, we found evidence for more subtle, domain-related @entity409 . Whereas controls showed verbal WM domain dominance in @entity75 and spatial WM domain dominance in right prefrontal cortex, these domain dominance effects were absent in the @entity1 group, i.e. there were no lateralization effects. Finally, only @entity1 showed an inverse correlation between performance and right prefrontal activation in verbal WM. We conclude that the finding of hypofrontality may depend on the medication of the @entity1 and that there is @entity409 even in the absence of hypofrontality.

title: No hypofrontality, but absence of prefrontal lateralization comparing @entity2414 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A sensitive and efficient method of high performance liquid chromatography using @entity72584 ( @entity14111 ) as pre-column derivatization reagent coupled with UV detection (HPLC-UV) and online mass spectrometry identification was established for determination of the most common @entity48777 ( @entity4825 ( @entity4826 ) and @entity11749 (GalNAc)) and @entity3167 ( @entity33944 ). In order to obtain the highest liberation level of the three @entity7787 without destruction of @entity33944 or conversion of @entity4826 /GalNAc to GlcN/ @entity33149 in the hydrolysis procedure, the pivotal parameters affecting the liberation of @entity48777 / @entity33944 from sample were investigated with response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimized condition, maximum yield was obtained. The effects of key parameters on derivatization, separation and detection were also investigated. At optimized conditions, three @entity7787 were labeled fast and entirely, and all derivatives exhibited a good baseline resolution and high detection sensitivity. The developed method was linear over the calibration range 0.25-12 M, with R(2)>0.9991. The detection limits of the method were between 0.48 and 2.01pmol. Intra- and inter-day precisions for the three @entity7787 ( @entity4826 , GalNAc and @entity33944 ) were found to be in the range of 3.07-4.02% and 3.69-4.67%, respectively. Individual @entity9928 recovery from spiked milk was in the range of 81%-97%. The sensitivity of the method, the facility of the derivatization procedure and the reliability of the hydrolysis conditions suggest the proposed method has a high potential for utilization in routine trace @entity48777 and @entity33944 analysis in biological samples.

title: A sensitive and efficient method for determination of XXXX and @entity3167 in breast milk and milk-based products by high-performance liquid chromatography via UV detection and mass spectrometry identification.

entities_list: @entity72584 :: ('MESH:C527199', 'Chemical') :: ['1-(2-naphthyl)-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylneuraminic acid']

entities_list: @entity11749 :: ('MESH:D000116', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-d-galactosamine']

entities_list: @entity9928 :: ('CHEBI:35381', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity48777 :: ('CHEBI:21601', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylhexosamines', 'N-Acetylhexosamines']

entities_list: @entity7787 :: ('MESH:D009005', 'Chemical') :: ['monosaccharides']

entities_list: @entity4825 :: ('MESH:D000117', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-d-glucosamine']

answer: @entity48777 :: (CHEBI:21601,Chemical) :: ['N-acetylhexosamines']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A sensitive and efficient method of high performance liquid chromatography using @entity72584 ( @entity14111 ) as pre-column derivatization reagent coupled with UV detection (HPLC-UV) and online mass spectrometry identification was established for determination of the most common @entity48777 ( @entity4825 ( @entity4826 ) and @entity11749 (GalNAc)) and @entity3167 ( @entity33944 ). In order to obtain the highest liberation level of the three @entity7787 without destruction of @entity33944 or conversion of @entity4826 /GalNAc to GlcN/ @entity33149 in the hydrolysis procedure, the pivotal parameters affecting the liberation of @entity48777 / @entity33944 from sample were investigated with response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimized condition, maximum yield was obtained. The effects of key parameters on derivatization, separation and detection were also investigated. At optimized conditions, three @entity7787 were labeled fast and entirely, and all derivatives exhibited a good baseline resolution and high detection sensitivity. The developed method was linear over the calibration range 0.25-12 M, with R(2)>0.9991. The detection limits of the method were between 0.48 and 2.01pmol. Intra- and inter-day precisions for the three @entity7787 ( @entity4826 , GalNAc and @entity33944 ) were found to be in the range of 3.07-4.02% and 3.69-4.67%, respectively. Individual @entity9928 recovery from spiked milk was in the range of 81%-97%. The sensitivity of the method, the facility of the derivatization procedure and the reliability of the hydrolysis conditions suggest the proposed method has a high potential for utilization in routine trace @entity48777 and @entity33944 analysis in biological samples.

title: A sensitive and efficient method for determination of @entity48777 and XXXX in breast milk and milk-based products by high-performance liquid chromatography via UV detection and mass spectrometry identification.

answer: @entity3167 :: (MESH:D019158,Chemical) :: ['N-acetylneuraminic acid']


abstract: @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ) is an entity, which is secondary to iatrogenic manipulation and breaching of dura. @entity10 in @entity1 should be suspected, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for precise diagnosis. Hallmark of MRI is regular shape of pachymeningeal @entity2287 enhancement and subdural effusion. It may mimic central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 . Prevention of such cases from receiving cranial radiotherapy by misinterpretation of the @entity2287 enhancement as CNS @entity3 is an important issue. @entity416 is an antineoplastic agent, of which metabolites can cross blood-brain barrier in CNS via epithelial tissue. It may cause decrease in CSF production. @entity5325 might be the clinical reflection of this decrease in CSF production. Review of the English literature revealed limited data because of the very little experience with oncologic @entity1 suffering from @entity551 . We report a case of @entity5325 during @entity416 treatment. @entity1 was completely well following drug discontinuation and supportive treatment.

title: @entity416 -related XXXX syndrome mimicking dural @entity3 in a breast cancer @entity1 : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Postural headache']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity5325 :: ('MESH:D019585', 'Disease') :: ['SICH', 'Spontaneous intracranial hypotension', 'spontaneous intracranial hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['intracranial hypotension']


abstract: @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ) is an entity, which is secondary to iatrogenic manipulation and breaching of dura. @entity10 in @entity1 should be suspected, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for precise diagnosis. Hallmark of MRI is regular shape of pachymeningeal @entity2287 enhancement and subdural effusion. It may mimic central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 . Prevention of such cases from receiving cranial radiotherapy by misinterpretation of the @entity2287 enhancement as CNS @entity3 is an important issue. @entity416 is an antineoplastic agent, of which metabolites can cross blood-brain barrier in CNS via epithelial tissue. It may cause decrease in CSF production. @entity5325 might be the clinical reflection of this decrease in CSF production. Review of the English literature revealed limited data because of the very little experience with oncologic @entity1 suffering from @entity551 . We report a case of @entity5325 during @entity416 treatment. @entity1 was completely well following drug discontinuation and supportive treatment.

title: @entity416 -related @entity551 syndrome mimicking dural XXXX in a breast cancer @entity1 : case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ) is an entity, which is secondary to iatrogenic manipulation and breaching of dura. @entity10 in @entity1 should be suspected, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for precise diagnosis. Hallmark of MRI is regular shape of pachymeningeal @entity2287 enhancement and subdural effusion. It may mimic central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 . Prevention of such cases from receiving cranial radiotherapy by misinterpretation of the @entity2287 enhancement as CNS @entity3 is an important issue. @entity416 is an antineoplastic agent, of which metabolites can cross blood-brain barrier in CNS via epithelial tissue. It may cause decrease in CSF production. @entity5325 might be the clinical reflection of this decrease in CSF production. Review of the English literature revealed limited data because of the very little experience with oncologic @entity1 suffering from @entity551 . We report a case of @entity5325 during @entity416 treatment. @entity1 was completely well following drug discontinuation and supportive treatment.

title: XXXX -related @entity551 syndrome mimicking dural @entity3 in a breast cancer @entity1 : case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['Capecitabine']


abstract: @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ) is an entity, which is secondary to iatrogenic manipulation and breaching of dura. @entity10 in @entity1 should be suspected, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for precise diagnosis. Hallmark of MRI is regular shape of pachymeningeal @entity2287 enhancement and subdural effusion. It may mimic central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 . Prevention of such cases from receiving cranial radiotherapy by misinterpretation of the @entity2287 enhancement as CNS @entity3 is an important issue. @entity416 is an antineoplastic agent, of which metabolites can cross blood-brain barrier in CNS via epithelial tissue. It may cause decrease in CSF production. @entity5325 might be the clinical reflection of this decrease in CSF production. Review of the English literature revealed limited data because of the very little experience with oncologic @entity1 suffering from @entity551 . We report a case of @entity5325 during @entity416 treatment. @entity1 was completely well following drug discontinuation and supportive treatment.

title: @entity416 -related @entity551 syndrome mimicking dural @entity3 in a breast cancer XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: A new @entity19 model of porcine @entity14380 ( @entity14380 ) xenograft rejection, avoiding interference of unspecific @entity32 , was introduced and used to investigate rejection mechanisms. Athymic (nu/nu) @entity19 were transplanted with syngeneic, allogeneic, or xenogeneic islets under the kidney capsule. After the original transplantation, immune cells in porcine @entity14380 xenografts undergoing rejection in native immunocompetent @entity19 were transferred to the peritoneal cavity of the athymic @entity19 . At defined time points after transfer, the primary grafts were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative RT-PCR to estimate cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression. Transfer of immunocompetent cells enabled athymic (nu/nu) @entity19 to reject a previously tolerated @entity14380 xenograft only when donor and recipient were matched for major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In contrast, allogeneic and syngeneic islets were not rejected. The @entity14380 xenograft rejection was mediated by transferred T-cells. The main effector cells, macrophages, were shown to be part of a specific immune response. By day 4 after transplantation, there was an upreglation of both @entity630 - and @entity61 -associated cytokine transcripts. The transferred T-cells were xenospecific and required MHC compatibility to induce rejection. Interaction between the TCR of transferred T-cells and MHC on host endothelial cells and/or macrophages seems necessary for inducing @entity14380 xenograft rejection.

title: A new XXXX model of islet xenograft rejection: graft destruction is dependent on a major histocompatibility-specific interaction between T-cells and macrophages.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity14380 :: ('MESH:D018273', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'islet-like cell cluster']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity18417 ( @entity18417 ), is an @entity74 due to missense mutations in the @entity4223 ( @entity4223 ) gene encoding nuclear lamina proteins. It is characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat from the extremities and trunk and accumulation of fat in the head and neck region beginning at puberty. @entity1 with @entity18417 are predisposed to metabolic complications of insulin resistance such as @entity6 . We sought to identify risk factors for @entity6 in @entity1 with @entity18417 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study comparing clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric variables and @entity4223 genotypes in @entity18417 @entity1 with and without @entity6 . RESULTS: We studied 52 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 with @entity18417 from 18 different families. Twenty-eight @entity1 (54%) but only four @entity1 (17%) had @entity6 (P < 0.001); therefore further comparisons were mostly limited to @entity1 . Compared with @entity1 without @entity6 , those with @entity6 had higher BMI (median values 23 vs. 24 kg/m(2), respectively; P = 0.03), increased chin skinfold thickness (10 vs. 20 mm; P = 0.001), lower rates of nulliparity (60% vs. 28%; P = 0.04), and higher levels of fasting serum @entity1674 (2.4 vs. 3.5 mmol/l; P < 0.001) but similar serum @entity1243 levels (3.4 vs. 3.6 ng/ml; P = 0.9). The prevalence of @entity6 was not related to age, menopausal status, family history of type 2 @entity6 in unaffected relatives, or @entity4223 genotype. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that increased adiposity as reflected by excess subcutaneous fat accumulation in the chin region and parity may predispose @entity1 with @entity18417 to develop @entity6 .

title: Risk factors for XXXX , Dunnigan variety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity18417 :: ('MESH:D052496', 'Disease') :: ['FPLD', 'Familial partial lipodystrophy, Dunnigan variety']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disorder']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes in familial partial lipodystrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous closure of secundum @entity118 ( @entity118 ) has become an important alternative treatment to surgery. We evaluated our clinical experience with, and short-term results of transcatheter closure of ASDs with the Amplatzer septal occluder in adult @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: The study included 52 @entity1 (36 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ; mean age 33  14 years; range 14 to 69 years) who underwent transcatheter @entity118 closure with the Amplatzer occluder device. The mean @entity118 diameter measured by transesophageal echocardiography was 19.5  5.7 mm and the mean device diameter was 24.5  5.7 mm. All the @entity1 were assessed clinically and echocardiographically one month after the procedure. RESULTS: Transcatheter @entity118 closure was successfully performed in 48 @entity1 (92.3%) and failed in four @entity1 (7.7%). Echocardiographic controls showed significant decreases in @entity997 , @entity1001 , and pulmonary artery pressure (p=0.003, p=0.026, and p=0.0001, respectively). Functional capacity of the @entity1 also showed significant improvements (p=0.0001). After implantation, residual shunts were detected in four @entity1 , all of which disappeared one month after the procedure. Major complications were seen in two @entity1 . One @entity1 developed @entity2224 immediately after the procedure due to device embolization. One @entity1 with @entity1002 developed device @entity715 due to cessation of dual antiplatelet therapy, which was successfully treated by anticoagulation therapy. @entity943 was not observed in any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Percutaneous closure of secundum ASDs with the Amplatzer occluder device is a safe and effective procedure with a high success rate.

title: [Closure of secundum XXXX by the Amplatzer occluder device].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malignant @entity2615 (MPM) is a rare but aggressive @entity5 that develops by mesothelial cell transformation. At present, there are no effective therapies for MPM. Great efforts have been made in finding specific markers/mechanisms for MPM onset, including studies into microRNAs (miRNAs). Recent studies have shown the differential expression of mature miRNAs in several @entity1 @entity5 , suggesting their potential role as oncogenes or @entity5 suppressor genes. METHODS: In this study, we investigated miRNAs profile in five @entity1 normal pleural mesothelial short-term cell cultures (HMCs) and five MPMs, with microarray approach. These results were confirmed by real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. RESULTS: A comparative analysis of miRNA expression in MPM and HMCs was carried out. Microarray profiling showed different miRNA expression between MPM and HMCs. Specifically, members of the oncomiRNA @entity10014 cluster and its paralogs, namely @entity12425 , 18a, 19b, 20a, 20b, 25, 92, 106a, 106b, were markedly upregulated. Besides, in our investigation, additional miRNAs, such as @entity12333 , @entity21175 , @entity15453 , and @entity36221 were found to be dysregulated in MPM. CONCLUSIONS: These data are in agreement with results that have previously been reported on dysregulated miRNAs for other solid @entity1 @entity5 . Moreover, in our investigation, additional miRNAs were found to be dysregulated in MPM. Interestingly, gene products that regulate the cell cycle are targets and predicted targets for these miRNAs. Our data suggest that specific miRNAs could be key players in MPM development/progression. In addition, some of these miRNAs may represent MPM markers and potential targets for new therapeutic approaches.

title: MicroRNAs dysregulation in XXXX malignant pleural mesothelioma.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'asbestos-related cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1821 are extremely rare in the skin. When they involve the skin, it is usually by upward spread from a subcutaneous or deeper seated @entity1821 . Very rarely, @entity1821 @entity3 to the skin or arise as a primary @entity75 . We describe 2 cases of atypical @entity5 "well-differentiated @entity1821 " located in dermis. Both presented clinically as a skin tag. The @entity5 arose in a 56-year-old female and a 69-year-old male @entity1 . Both lesions were treated by excision and reexcision. In addition to classical morphology of atypical @entity5 with evidence of lipoblasts and atypical adipocytes, immunohistochemistry with nuclear @entity19 double-minute type 2 protein and @entity11953 expression as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis showing an amplification of @entity19 double-minute type 2 protein and @entity11953 were helpful to establish the diagnosis. None of the cases recurred after surgical treatment. These 2 cases show the importance of not to misdiagnose lesions which clinically may appear to be benign.

title: Atypical XXXX " of the skin clinically presenting as a skin tag: clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis of 2 cases.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dermal lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'lipomatous tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasize']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['Liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['lipomatous tumor/"well-differentiated liposarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biphasic waveform shocks are more effective than monophasic shocks for @entity67 , @entity955 , and defibrillation with implantable defibrillators but have not been studied for open @entity764 . This prospective, blinded, randomized clinical study compares biphasic and monophasic shock effectiveness and establishes intraoperative energy dose-response curves. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing cardiothoracic surgery with bypass cardioplegia were randomly assigned to the monophasic or biphasic shock group. @entity2224 occurring after aortic clamp removal was treated with escalating energies of 2, 5, 7, 10, and 20 J until defibrillation occurred. If @entity2224 persisted, a 20-J crossover shock of the other waveform was used. RESULTS: Cumulative defibrillation success at 5 J, the primary end point of the study, was higher in the biphasic group than in the monophasic group (25 of 50 vs. 9 of 41 defibrillated; P = 0.011). In addition, the biphasic group required lower threshold energy (6.8 vs. 11.0 J; P = 0.003), less cumulative energy (12.6 vs. 23.4 J; P = 0.002), and fewer shocks (2.5 vs. 3.5; P = 0.002). Crossover-shock effectiveness did not differ between groups. Dose-response curves show biphasic shocks to have higher cumulative success rates at all energies tested. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1457 are substantially more effective than monophasic shocks for direct defibrillation. The dose-response curve guides selection of first-shock energy for traditional step-up protocols. Starting at 5 J optimizes for lowest threshold and cumulative energy, whereas 10 or 20 J optimizes for more rapid defibrillation and fewer shocks.

title: XXXX compared with monophasic damped sine wave shocks for direct ventricular defibrillation during open heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Biphasic shocks']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest, intraoperative defibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial cardioversion']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['transchest ventricular defibrillation']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['Biphasic shocks']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1646 ( @entity1646 ) is a @entity2315 caused by deficiency of a-l-iduronidase. The otolaryngological findings include @entity393 , @entity2972 , recurrent @entity2346 , @entity1184 and adenoid, recurrent rhinosinusitis, @entity8408 , snoring, oral breathing and nasal obstruction. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of enzymatic replacement therapy with laronidase (Aldurazyme(  )) in @entity1 with @entity1646 ( @entity12751 ), regarding sleep and @entity2167 , and clinical manifestations in the upper respiratory tract (URT). METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity12751 (8 @entity12751 , and 1 Scheie phenotypes) of both sexes, ages ranging between 3 and 20 years, were included in this study. @entity1 were evaluated between seven and 11 months before the treatment and between 16 and 22 months after the onset of the enzymatic replacement. They were all submitted to a clinical and otolaryngological evaluation, including nasofibroscopical, polysomnographic and audiologic exams. RESULTS: The results' data showed decreasing of the frequency of ear, nose and @entity281 , with improvement of the @entity5254 and @entity1576 . No remarkable changes were observed regarding @entity11124 and tonsil and @entity1184 . Audiometric and polysomnographic evaluations did not show statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Enzymatic replacement therapy in @entity1 with @entity12751 provides control of recurrent @entity1729 , @entity5254 and @entity1576 , however it is does not seem to improve audiologic and polisomnographic parameters, with no effect on adenoid and tonsils @entity1184 and @entity11124 .

title: The impact of laronidase treatment in otolaryngological manifestations of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disorders']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'adenoid hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy of tonsils']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['throat infections']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1646 :: ('MESH:D009083', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis', 'Mucopolysaccharidosis', 'MPS']

entities_list: @entity12751 :: ('MESH:D008059', 'Disease') :: ['MPS I', 'mucopolysaccharidosis I', 'Hurler-Scheie']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory quality']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['URT infections']

entities_list: @entity8408 :: ('MESH:D013064', 'Disease') :: ['speech disorders']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity11124 :: ('MESH:D008260', 'Disease') :: ['macroglossia']

answer: @entity1646 :: (MESH:D009083,Disease) :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1646 ( @entity1646 ) is a @entity2315 caused by deficiency of a-l-iduronidase. The otolaryngological findings include @entity393 , @entity2972 , recurrent @entity2346 , @entity1184 and adenoid, recurrent rhinosinusitis, @entity8408 , snoring, oral breathing and nasal obstruction. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of enzymatic replacement therapy with laronidase (Aldurazyme(  )) in @entity1 with @entity1646 ( @entity12751 ), regarding sleep and @entity2167 , and clinical manifestations in the upper respiratory tract (URT). METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity12751 (8 @entity12751 , and 1 Scheie phenotypes) of both sexes, ages ranging between 3 and 20 years, were included in this study. @entity1 were evaluated between seven and 11 months before the treatment and between 16 and 22 months after the onset of the enzymatic replacement. They were all submitted to a clinical and otolaryngological evaluation, including nasofibroscopical, polysomnographic and audiologic exams. RESULTS: The results' data showed decreasing of the frequency of ear, nose and @entity281 , with improvement of the @entity5254 and @entity1576 . No remarkable changes were observed regarding @entity11124 and tonsil and @entity1184 . Audiometric and polysomnographic evaluations did not show statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Enzymatic replacement therapy in @entity1 with @entity12751 provides control of recurrent @entity1729 , @entity5254 and @entity1576 , however it is does not seem to improve audiologic and polisomnographic parameters, with no effect on adenoid and tonsils @entity1184 and @entity11124 .

title: The impact of laronidase treatment in otolaryngological manifestations of XXXX with @entity1646 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) continues to be the most important bacterial cause of @entity295 , meningitidis in newborns. American consensus guidelines have been published. They recommended the use of either risk-based strategy or screening-based approach for @entity1892 colonization in pregnant @entity1 to identify candidates for intrapartum prophylaxis. Screening consists of obtaining vaginal and anorectal specimens for culture at 35 to 37 weeks' gestation. The aim of this prospective study was to assess the usefulness of systematic and concomitant @entity1892 screening by rectal and vaginal swab in pregnant @entity1 . A questionnaire designed to determine the risk factors for colonization by @entity1892 was completed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have screened 370 pregnant @entity1 with rectal and vaginal swab. RESULTS: Fifty seven (15.4%) @entity1 had positive @entity1892 cultures. Of those @entity1 , the rectum and the vagina were the only site of colonization in 16 (4.3%) and 8 (2.2%) @entity1 respectively. None of the factors studied was significantly associated with @entity1892 colonization. CONCLUSION: Detection of @entity1892 is enhanced by 40% by using vaginal and anorectal swabs compared to a vaginal swab alone. No studied factor appeared to predict @entity1892 colonization, which incited us to screen all pregnant @entity1 .

title: [Risk factors and screening strategy for group B streptococcal colonization in pregnant XXXX : results of a prospective study].

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['Group B Streptococcus', 'GBS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this paper I describe through detailed clinical material the challenges posed by @entity1 who employ entangled @entity2438 defenses. I discuss the complicated nature of treating a @entity1 who employed entangled @entity2438 defenses and utilized my voice in an effort to preserve an undifferentiated state of dual unity. My @entity1 's pursuit of dual unity took a very concrete form in her attempt to mitigate the terror of separateness. This concreteness was expressed via the @entity1 's urgent request that I read letters she wrote to me between sessions. This type of @entity2438 placed great strain on my ability to think analytically and I also became increasingly concrete in my response to the @entity1 . Crucial to the analyst's regaining a space in which to think and a sense of separateness is the ability to contact the ground floor of her separate bodily experience. This is just the beginning step in the analyst separating herself from the powerful press to join the @entity1 in a state of dual unity. Interpretation in action (Ogden, 1994) was an effective way to convey the importance of creating and tolerating internal space in myself and begin to create internal space in the @entity1 . Previously such space had been closed down in order to manage primitive fears of annihilation. When a @entity1 is absorbed in an entangling @entity2438 retreat words do not reach the @entity1 on a symbolic level but rather are experienced primarily as an assault on the need for dual unity with the analyst. The @entity1 's need to be wrapped in a sensation based world of dual unity is preferable to a world of spoken words that carry the danger of delineating @entity1172 . In essence there is no self to speak words, only a whirl of an amorphous sensation self lacking definition. I believe with certain kinds of @entity1 it may be necessary to first lose and then work to regain one's analytic mind, as I have powerfully described in the case of Linda. Linda's profound loss of connection to the ground floor of her experience could only begin to be addressed when I worked to extricate myself from 'our magic carpet ride' of dual unity, contacting the reality of my bodily experience, and begin to tolerate the terror I felt regarding my separateness from Linda. I also describe the confusing vacillation between entangled and encapsulated defenses in @entity1 like Linda as previously identified by Cohen and Jay (1996). Ultimately, this kind of slow difficult analytic work began to help Linda develop a capacity to think and provided an alternative to the deadened world of her @entity2438 protections.

title: The use of the analyst as an XXXX shape.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic', 'autistic defense']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['psychic separateness']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autistic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9718 ( @entity9718 ) are a group of @entity179 causing progressive @entity426 . Over 50 genes have now been associated with HSP. Despite the recent explosion in genetic knowledge, HSP remains without pharmacological treatment. Loss-of-function mutation of the @entity12408 gene, also known as @entity12408 , is the most common cause of HSP in @entity1 . @entity12408 is conserved across animal species and regulates microtubule dynamics. Recent studies have shown that it also modulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, utilizing null @entity12408 homologues in @entity2199 , @entity238 , and @entity3392 , we tested FDA approved compounds known to modulate ER stress in order to ameliorate locomotor phenotypes associated with HSP. We found that @entity717 found in all of our spastin models could be partially rescued by @entity72046 , @entity6693 , @entity898 , @entity8074 and salubrinal. In addition, we show that established biomarkers of ER stress levels correlated with improved locomotor activity upon treatment across model organisms. Our results provide insights into biomarkers and novel therapeutic avenues for HSP.

title: Conserved pharmacological rescue of XXXX -related phenotypes across model organisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['HSPs', 'Hereditary spastic paraplegias']

entities_list: @entity8074 :: ('MESH:D006143', 'Chemical') :: ['guanabenz']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['gait dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor defects']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity9718 :: (MESH:D015419,Disease) :: ['hereditary spastic paraplegia']


abstract: MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and @entity5 development. A rare population of @entity96 stem cells (HSCs) holds the extensive proliferative and self-renewal potential necessary to form a @entity96 . We postulated that specific transcriptional factors might regulate the expression of microRNAs and subsequently modulate the expression of gene products involved in phenotypic characteristics of HSCs. We evaluated the expression of microRNA in @entity1 HSCs by microarray profiling, and defined the target genes and functional effects of two groups of microRNA regulated by @entity650 and transcriptional factor Twist. A subset of highly chemoresistant and invasive HSCs was screened with aberrant expressions of cytokine @entity650 and Twist. We demonstrated that conserved let-7 and miR-181 family members were up-regulated in HSCs by global microarray-based microRNA profiling followed by validation with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Importantly, inhibition of let-7 increases the chemosensitivity of HSCs to @entity2857 and @entity632 whereas silencing of miR-181 led to a reduction in HSCs motility and invasion. Knocking down @entity650 and Twist in HSCs significantly reduced let-7 and miR-181 expression and subsequently inhibited chemoresistance and cell invasion. We showed that let-7 directly targets @entity4635 and @entity522 , whereas miR-181 directly targets @entity15893 , @entity8111 as well as @entity13058 ( @entity13058 ). In conclusion, alterations of @entity650 - and Twist-regulated microRNA expression in HSCs play a part in @entity5 spreading and responsiveness to chemotherapy. Our results define a novel regulatory mechanism of let-7/miR-181s suggesting that let-7 and miR-181 may be molecular targets for eradication of hepatocellular @entity5 .

title: Functional analysis of microRNAs in @entity1 XXXX stem cells.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumour', 'hepatocellular cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular cancer']


abstract: MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and @entity5 development. A rare population of @entity96 stem cells (HSCs) holds the extensive proliferative and self-renewal potential necessary to form a @entity96 . We postulated that specific transcriptional factors might regulate the expression of microRNAs and subsequently modulate the expression of gene products involved in phenotypic characteristics of HSCs. We evaluated the expression of microRNA in @entity1 HSCs by microarray profiling, and defined the target genes and functional effects of two groups of microRNA regulated by @entity650 and transcriptional factor Twist. A subset of highly chemoresistant and invasive HSCs was screened with aberrant expressions of cytokine @entity650 and Twist. We demonstrated that conserved let-7 and miR-181 family members were up-regulated in HSCs by global microarray-based microRNA profiling followed by validation with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Importantly, inhibition of let-7 increases the chemosensitivity of HSCs to @entity2857 and @entity632 whereas silencing of miR-181 led to a reduction in HSCs motility and invasion. Knocking down @entity650 and Twist in HSCs significantly reduced let-7 and miR-181 expression and subsequently inhibited chemoresistance and cell invasion. We showed that let-7 directly targets @entity4635 and @entity522 , whereas miR-181 directly targets @entity15893 , @entity8111 as well as @entity13058 ( @entity13058 ). In conclusion, alterations of @entity650 - and Twist-regulated microRNA expression in HSCs play a part in @entity5 spreading and responsiveness to chemotherapy. Our results define a novel regulatory mechanism of let-7/miR-181s suggesting that let-7 and miR-181 may be molecular targets for eradication of hepatocellular @entity5 .

title: Functional analysis of microRNAs in XXXX @entity96 stem cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1327 is one of the most common infectious agents causing central nervous system (CNS) @entity281 in immunocompromised @entity1 . @entity1 with CNS @entity1328 commonly present with non-specific manifestations such as @entity10 , @entity221 , @entity410 and conscious disturbance. This article presents the @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and magnetic resonance images (MRI) findings of @entity281 in CNS and displays the image difference between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised @entity1 . METHODS: CNS @entity281 was found in 26 cases over the past 14 years in Taipei Veterans General Hospital, including 18 males and 8 females. Ten @entity1 were immunocompromised. In all cases, the CNS @entity1328 was diagnosed by positive cryptococcal antigen titer and India ink stain from cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Their clinical data and findings from @entity4653 and MRI were retrospectively studied. RESULTS: The most common @entity4653 manifestation is @entity2554 ; other common findings include leptomeningeal enhancement, @entity1188 (half of them revealed dilatation of Virchow-Robin spaces in subsequent MRI study) and normal appearance. Less common findings are @entity5034 and @entity733 formation. The most common MRI pattern is Virchow-Robin space dilatation and leptomeningeal enhancement. Other common appearance includes @entity2554 . Less common manifestations include cryptococcoma, @entity385 and pontine @entity733 . There is no significant difference in image patterns between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised @entity1 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The most common pattern ofCNS @entity1328 is @entity2554 in @entity4653 and Virchow-Robin space dilatation in MRI. MRI is more sensitive in detecting CNS @entity281 like Virchow-Robin space dilatation and leptomeningeal enhancement. There is no significant pattern difference between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised @entity1 with CNS @entity1328 .

title: Radiological manifestations of XXXX in central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity5034 :: ('MESH:D058565', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculitis']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcal infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarction']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['computerized tomography scans', 'CT']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['cryptococcal infection']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study OBJECTIVE: The authors' aim of the present study is to report their experience with subaxial cervical @entity12897 hoping to provide further insight into these lesions including the presenting symptoms, possible mechanisms of cyst development associated with cervical level, surgical treatments and clinical outcomes. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity12897 are relatively common in the lumbar spine and very uncommonly identified in the subaxial cervical spine. Several case reports and a few small series have been reported in the literature over the past four decades. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of 35 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for histologically confirmed symptomatic subaxial cervical @entity12897 between 1993 and 2009. The presenting symptoms, age, sex, cervical level, operation, complications and outcomes were analyzed in this cohort. Preoperative and postoperative neurologic assessments were done by staff neurologists independent of the operating surgeon. This study was approved by the Mayo Clinic institutional review board. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 underwent surgical treatment for their @entity12897 and follow-up for at least 12 months postoperatively. The mean follow-up time was 49 months (range, 12-134). There were no deaths associated with the surgery. There was one @entity86 in a @entity1 undergoing a decompressive laminectomy and posterior instrumented fusion. @entity1 outcomes were assessed using the Modified Rankin Score for 12 @entity1 was 0, 17 @entity1 was 1, 4 @entity1 was 2, and 2 @entity1 was 3. CONCLUSION: This series of 35 @entity1 with subaxial cervical @entity12897 surgically treated over a period of 17 years illustrates the relative rarity of these lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging is currently the optimal radiographic study to identify these lesions. Surgical resection can be an effective treatment.

title: Subaxial cervical XXXX : report of 35 histologically confirmed surgically treated cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['Synovial cysts', 'synovial cysts']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity12897 :: (MESH:D013581,Disease) :: ['synovial cysts']


abstract: According to international standards, reference values for biochemical tests should be obtained in disease-free subjects and for therapies that may influence measurement values. For elderly @entity1 , especially the very old, such a requirement is difficult to meet, since few of these individuals are free of ongoing or former diseases. The present study of a population-based Swedish twin sample comprises 535 individuals (186 males, 349 females) who were at least 82 years of age at blood sampling. Survival over a 6-year period is used as a reference of overall health. Baseline test values for subjects surviving 6 years are compared with results for @entity1 who died in the follow-up period. Results, including mean and median values, standard deviations and ranges, were given for both genders in the total sample. Cases outside the 5th and 95th percentiles were then excluded, as were those who died during the follow-up period. In a third step, cases with disorders and therapies known to influence measurement values were also excluded. The risk of dying during the observation period was calculated across measurements from the lowest and highest 10th and 20th percentiles. The specific impact of proximity to @entity204 on the biochemical values, in addition to age effects, was analysed by comparing co-twins discordant for survival over 7 years. Increased mortality was indicated for subjects of both genders with high serum levels of @entity1133 , urate, gamma-GT, free thyroxin and plasma @entity1255 . In females, low serum values for albumin and total @entity165 were associated with increased mortality. A lower @entity165 level was found 4 years before @entity204 , while a lower HDL- @entity165 level was associated with an increased risk of @entity204 across the entire 7-year period.

title: Biochemical values in XXXX older than 82 years of age: report from a population-based study of twins.

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: Repetitive @entity130 to the hypothenar eminence can cause the ulnar artery to become @entity439 to the digital arteries. The symptoms and signs are also known as the @entity1848 . We postulate that an arterial autograft is a superior conduit to the traditional vein graft. In this article, we report 3 cases (2 in 1 @entity1 ) of reconstruction of the distal ulnar artery with the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA). Two @entity1 , ages 45 to 50 years, had severe @entity63 complaints of the ulnar fingers. Arteriograms confirmed occlusion of the distal ulnar artery without direct perfusion of the superficial palmar arch. All reconstructions were carried out with the descending branch of the LCFA. From the ulnar artery at wrist level to the superficial palmar arch and the involved common digital arteries. Patency was certified during follow-up with color-coded Duplex sonography at 6 to 28 months. Preoperative complaints like cold intolerance and other @entity63 disappeared.

title: XXXX : distal ulnar artery reconstruction with autologous descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic symptoms', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal, thrombose, or send emboli']

entities_list: @entity1848 :: ('MESH:D037801', 'Disease') :: ['hypothenar hammer syndrome']

answer: @entity1848 :: (MESH:D037801,Disease) :: ['Hypothenar hammer syndrome']


abstract: @entity1462 are rare congenital lesions which often have associated skeletal changes. Over a period of ten years, 90 @entity1 at our clinic had a @entity455 of the lower limb, examined by either CT or MRI. Of these, 18 (20%) had bony involvement. A questionnaire was sent to these @entity1 (8 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ) to evaluate their age of presentation, initial symptoms and current complaints. Radiological imaging revealed 15 low- and three high-flow lesions. The mean age at presentation to a physician was six years of age. @entity158 was the most common complaint. Disparity in leg length of 2 cm or more was observed in ten @entity1 . Of the 16 @entity1 with @entity121 , 13 had four or more muscles involved. Treatment by resection alone would require radical surgery.

title: XXXX of the lower limb with osseous involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular malformations']

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['Vascular malformations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a new @entity702 clip prosthesis for partial ossicular reconstruction with a micro ball joint in the headplate for compensation of tympanic membrane displacements. @entity1 : Laboratory experiments followed by 18 consecutive @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: A micro ball joint was implemented into a headplate of @entity702 middle ear prosthesis. First, the new prosthesis was tested in the laboratory in temporal bone experiments. Second, the new prosthesis was clinically installed in 18 @entity1 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of laser Doppler vibrometry and force measurements in the laboratory experiments, analysis of a questionnaire, and preoperative and postoperative pure tone audiometry. RESULTS: The frictional resistance in the joint was measured to be 12 mN that should allow for adequate mobility under physiologic conditions. The effective sound transmission of the prosthesis was demonstrated by laser Doppler vibrometry. Intraoperatively, the installation of the prosthesis was always straightforward with headplate prosthesis shaft angles between 60 and 90 degrees. Postoperatively, pure tone audiometry revealed satisfying hearing results with a remaining average air-bone gap of 18.2 dB over the frequencies 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 3,000 Hz. No signs of @entity3029 were discovered within the follow-up period of approximately 6 months. CONCLUSION: The experimental data show that the new modified prosthesis headplate fulfills the requirements necessary for sound transmission. The joint allows the plate to follow movements of the tympanic membrane. This characteristic in conjunction with the proven clip design ensure for optimal prosthesis placement and effectiveness.

title: XXXX clip ball joint: a partial ossicular reconstruction prosthesis.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['prosthesis dislocation']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['Titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aphasia affects 1/3 of @entity64 @entity1 with improvements noted only in some of them. The goal of this exploratory study was to provide preliminary evidence regarding safety and efficacy of fMRI-guided excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the residual left-hemispheric Broca's area for chronic @entity2026 treatment. MATERIAL/METHODS: We enrolled 8 @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity2026 >1 year after @entity64 . Linguistic battery was administered pre-/post-rTMS; a semantic decision/tone decision (SDTD) fMRI task was used to localize left-hemispheric Broca's area. RTMS protocol consisted of 10 daily treatments of 200 seconds each using an excitatory stimulation protocol called intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Coil placement was targeted individually to the left Broca's. RESULTS: 6/8 @entity1 showed significant pre-/post-rTMS improvements in semantic fluency (p=0.028); they were able to generate more appropriate words when prompted with a semantic category. Pre-/post-rTMS fMRI maps showed increases in left fronto-temporo-parietal language networks with a significant left-hemispheric shift in the left frontal (p=0.025), left temporo-parietal (p=0.038) regions and global language LI (p=0.018). @entity1 tended to report subjective improvement on Communicative Activities Log (mini-CAL; p=0.075). None of the subjects reported ill effects of rTMS. CONCLUSIONS: FMRI-guided, excitatory rTMS applied to the affected Broca's area improved language skills in @entity1 with chronic post- @entity64 @entity2026 ; these improvements correlated with increased language lateralization to the left hemisphere. This rTMS protocol appears to be safe and should be further tested in blinded studies assessing its short- and long-term safety/efficacy for post- @entity64 @entity2026 rehabilitation.

title: Excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces improvements in chronic post- @entity64 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['LMCA stroke', 'stroke']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aphasia affects 1/3 of @entity64 @entity1 with improvements noted only in some of them. The goal of this exploratory study was to provide preliminary evidence regarding safety and efficacy of fMRI-guided excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to the residual left-hemispheric Broca's area for chronic @entity2026 treatment. MATERIAL/METHODS: We enrolled 8 @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity2026 >1 year after @entity64 . Linguistic battery was administered pre-/post-rTMS; a semantic decision/tone decision (SDTD) fMRI task was used to localize left-hemispheric Broca's area. RTMS protocol consisted of 10 daily treatments of 200 seconds each using an excitatory stimulation protocol called intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Coil placement was targeted individually to the left Broca's. RESULTS: 6/8 @entity1 showed significant pre-/post-rTMS improvements in semantic fluency (p=0.028); they were able to generate more appropriate words when prompted with a semantic category. Pre-/post-rTMS fMRI maps showed increases in left fronto-temporo-parietal language networks with a significant left-hemispheric shift in the left frontal (p=0.025), left temporo-parietal (p=0.038) regions and global language LI (p=0.018). @entity1 tended to report subjective improvement on Communicative Activities Log (mini-CAL; p=0.075). None of the subjects reported ill effects of rTMS. CONCLUSIONS: FMRI-guided, excitatory rTMS applied to the affected Broca's area improved language skills in @entity1 with chronic post- @entity64 @entity2026 ; these improvements correlated with increased language lateralization to the left hemisphere. This rTMS protocol appears to be safe and should be further tested in blinded studies assessing its short- and long-term safety/efficacy for post- @entity64 @entity2026 rehabilitation.

title: Excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces improvements in chronic post- XXXX @entity2026 .

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: In cytology studies false negative smears range from 1.8% to 20% due to different levels of cytologic expertise and of material presented to the pathologist. Only 6% of in situ @entity189 of the cervix have an abnormal gross appearance so routine multiple biopsies are needed. Schiller's test, using a weak aqueous solution of @entity1496 , leaves an area of @entity189 unstained but colors normal cervical epithelium a dark brown. However, not all areas which fail to stain represent foci of @entity5 . Multiple biopsies and endocervical curettage are required, particularly to detect lesions not involving the portio. Conization is the most accurate method for evaluating the suspicious cervix. 80 histo logic sections should be examined from each cervix specimen. Complicati ons of conization may be @entity548 , @entity850 , uterine perforation, and @entity5280 . Only after 4-6 weeks does @entity5280 cease to be a significant risk. When done during pregnancy, conization may cause a fetal loss of 15%. Colposcopy has a low false-negative rate but cannot detect lesions inside the cervical canal. It is the best method of clinical evaluation of @entity1 with abnormal cytological smears, particularly during pregnancy. A colposcopic diagnosis is based on an evaluation of vascular pattern, intercapillary distance, surface contour, color tone, and clarity of demarcation. Where colposcopic examination is unsatisfactory and cytology is positive, conization is indicated. The final diagnosis depends on the histology of the directed biopsy.

title: Detection of cervical XXXX : reducing the risk of error.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infection']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['cervical stenosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cognitive neural underpinnings of prototype learning are becoming clear. Evidence points to 2 different neural systems, depending on the learning parameters. @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) prototype learning is mediated by posterior brain regions that are involved in early perceptual learning, whereas A/B (AB) is mediated by frontal and medial temporal lobe regions. STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of @entity1949 on @entity1129 and @entity4207 and to use established prototype models to provide insights into the cognitive-processing locus of @entity1949 . DESIGN: @entity1 performed an @entity1129 and an @entity4207 task twice, separated by a 24-hour period, with or without sleep between testing sessions. @entity1 : Eighteen West Point cadets participated in the @entity1949 group, and 17 West Point cadets participated in a control group. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sleep deprivation led to an @entity1129 , but not an AB, performance deficit. Prototype model analyses indicated that the @entity1129 was due to changes in attentional focus and a decrease in confidence that is reflected in an increased bias to respond non-A. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that @entity1129 , but not AB, prototype learning is affected by @entity1949 . Prototype model analyses support the notion that the effect of @entity1949 on @entity1129 is consistent with lapses in attentional focus that are more detrimental to @entity1129 than to AB. This finding adds to a growing body of work that suggests that different performance changes associated with @entity1949 can be attributed to a common mechanism of changes in simple attention and vigilance.

title: The effects of XXXX on dissociable prototype learning systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-deprivation deficits', 'sleep deprivation', 'sleep-deprivation']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['AB prototype learning']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['sleep deprivation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, @entity2383 and immediate @entity56 in a population exposed to flour and cereal dusts in five flour mills in Morocco. METHODS: The study of 373 exposed and 301 non-exposed subjects consisted of an analysis of working conditions and a medical survey. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prevalence of clinical respiratory symptoms was 64.1% among exposed subjects and 41.2% among non-exposed subjects. Cough, expectoration, @entity2490 , @entity2024 , @entity1909 , @entity565 and chronic @entity3617 were more frequent among mill-workers. Spirometry was abnormal in 31.6% of those exposed: anomalies were found in both flow and volume. Among exposed subjects with a @entity74 , 77.9% had only small airways syndrome or a light deficit. Smoking was the cause of excess morbidity. Skin prick tests were positive for at least one allergen in 65.4% of exposed compared to 27.2% non-exposed subjects. The prevalence of positive skin tests to occupational allergens alone was higher among those exposed (42.4%) than among the non-exposed (9.9%). The implementation of adequate medical and technical prevention may reduce this risk.

title: [The prevalence of respiratory symptomes and immediate XXXX in a population exposed to flour and cereal dust in five flour mills in Morocco].

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory function disorder']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity reactions']


abstract: A brief overview and comparison is given of dose rates arising from natural background radiation and the fallout from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. Although there are considerable spatial variations in exposure to natural background radiation, it is useful to give estimates of worldwide average overall exposures from the various components of that background. Cosmic-ray secondaries of low linear energy transfer (LET), mainly muons and photons, deliver about 280 microSv a(-1). Cosmic-ray neutrons deliver about another 100 microSv a(-1). These low- and high-LET exposures are relatively uniform to the whole body. The effective dose rate from cosmogenic radionuclides is dominated by the contribution of 12 microSv a(-1) from @entity3209 . This is due to relatively uniform irradiation of all organs and tissues from low-energy beta particles. Primordial radionuclides and their progeny (principally the 238U and 232Th series, and @entity46104 ) contribute about 480 microSv a(-1) of effective dose by external irradiation. This is relatively uniform photon irradiation of the whole body. Internally incorporated @entity46104 contributes a further 165 microSv a(-1) of effective dose in adults, mainly from beta particles, but with a significant gamma component. Equivalent doses from @entity46104 are somewhat higher in muscle than other soft tissues, but the distinction is less than a factor of three. @entity595 and @entity30366 series radionuclides give rise to an average effective dose rate of around 120 microSv a(-1). This includes a major alpha particle component, and exposures of radiosensitive tissues in lung, liver, kidney and the skeleton are recognised as important contributors to effective dose. Overall, these various sources give a worldwide average effective dose rate of about 1160 microSv a(-1). Exposure to 222Rn, 220Rn and their short-lived progeny has to be considered separately. This is very variable both within and between countries. For 222Rn and its progeny, a worldwide average effective dose rate is about 1105 microSv a(-1). For 220Rn and its progeny, the corresponding value is 91 microSv a(-1). In both cases, the effective dose is mainly due to a particle irradiation of the bronchial tissues of the lungs. Overall, the worldwide average effective dose rate from natural background is about 2400 microSv a(-1) or 2.4 @entity2073 a(-1). For comparison, worldwide average effective dose rates from weapons fallout peaked at 113 microSv a(-1) (about 5% of natural background) in 1963 and have since fallen to about 5.5 microSv a(-1) (about 0.2% of natural background). These values perhaps serve to emphasise that even gross insults to the natural environment from anthropogenic releases of radioactive materials are likely to be of limited significance when set in the context of the ambient radioactive environment within which all organisms, including @entity1 , have developed.

title: Background radiation: natural and XXXX -made.

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['Uranium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4542 associated with humeral shaft @entity174 is the most @entity66 complicating @entity174 of long bones. The purpose of the study was to review the outcome of surgical management in @entity1 with low energy and high energy @entity4542 after humeral shaft @entity174 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 were treated operatively for a humeral shaft @entity174 with @entity4542 . The mean age was 32.2 years and the mean follow up time was 66.1 months (range: 30-104). The surgical management included @entity174 fixation with early nerve exploration and repair if needed. The @entity1 were divided in two groups based on the energy of @entity130 (low vs. high @entity130 energy). The prevalence of injured and unrecovered nerves and time to nerve recovery were analysed. RESULTS: Five @entity1 sustained low and 13 high energy @entity130 . All @entity1 with low energy @entity130 had an intact (4) or entrapped (1) radial nerve and recovered completely. Full nerve recovery was also achieved in five of 13 @entity1 with high energy @entity130 where the nerve was found intact or entrapped. Signs of initial recovery were present in a mean of 3.2 weeks (range: 1-8) for the low energy group and 12 weeks (range: 3-23) for the high energy group (p=0.036). In these @entity1 , the average time to full recovery was 14 and 26 weeks for the low and high energy @entity130 group respectively. Eight @entity1 with high energy @entity130 had severely damaged nerves and failed to recover, although microsurgical nerve reconstruction was performed in 4 cases. @entity1 with high energy @entity130 had a prolonged @entity174 healing time (18.7 weeks on average) compared to those with low energy @entity174 (10.4 weeks), (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of the @entity4542 following humeral @entity174 is associated to the initial @entity130 . Palsies that are part of a low energy @entity174 uniformly recover and therefore primary surgical exploration seems unnecessary. In high energy @entity174 , neurotmesis or severe contusion must be expected. In this case nerve recovery is unfavourable and the @entity1 should be informed of the poor prognosis and the need of tendon transfers.

title: @entity4542 associated with humeral shaft XXXX . Is the energy of @entity130 a prognostic factor?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['common nerve lesion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['Radial nerve palsy', 'radial nerve palsy']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4542 associated with humeral shaft @entity174 is the most @entity66 complicating @entity174 of long bones. The purpose of the study was to review the outcome of surgical management in @entity1 with low energy and high energy @entity4542 after humeral shaft @entity174 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 were treated operatively for a humeral shaft @entity174 with @entity4542 . The mean age was 32.2 years and the mean follow up time was 66.1 months (range: 30-104). The surgical management included @entity174 fixation with early nerve exploration and repair if needed. The @entity1 were divided in two groups based on the energy of @entity130 (low vs. high @entity130 energy). The prevalence of injured and unrecovered nerves and time to nerve recovery were analysed. RESULTS: Five @entity1 sustained low and 13 high energy @entity130 . All @entity1 with low energy @entity130 had an intact (4) or entrapped (1) radial nerve and recovered completely. Full nerve recovery was also achieved in five of 13 @entity1 with high energy @entity130 where the nerve was found intact or entrapped. Signs of initial recovery were present in a mean of 3.2 weeks (range: 1-8) for the low energy group and 12 weeks (range: 3-23) for the high energy group (p=0.036). In these @entity1 , the average time to full recovery was 14 and 26 weeks for the low and high energy @entity130 group respectively. Eight @entity1 with high energy @entity130 had severely damaged nerves and failed to recover, although microsurgical nerve reconstruction was performed in 4 cases. @entity1 with high energy @entity130 had a prolonged @entity174 healing time (18.7 weeks on average) compared to those with low energy @entity174 (10.4 weeks), (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of the @entity4542 following humeral @entity174 is associated to the initial @entity130 . Palsies that are part of a low energy @entity174 uniformly recover and therefore primary surgical exploration seems unnecessary. In high energy @entity174 , neurotmesis or severe contusion must be expected. In this case nerve recovery is unfavourable and the @entity1 should be informed of the poor prognosis and the need of tendon transfers.

title: XXXX associated with humeral shaft @entity174 . Is the energy of @entity130 a prognostic factor?

answer: @entity4542 :: (MESH:D020425,Disease) :: ['Radial nerve palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4542 associated with humeral shaft @entity174 is the most @entity66 complicating @entity174 of long bones. The purpose of the study was to review the outcome of surgical management in @entity1 with low energy and high energy @entity4542 after humeral shaft @entity174 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 were treated operatively for a humeral shaft @entity174 with @entity4542 . The mean age was 32.2 years and the mean follow up time was 66.1 months (range: 30-104). The surgical management included @entity174 fixation with early nerve exploration and repair if needed. The @entity1 were divided in two groups based on the energy of @entity130 (low vs. high @entity130 energy). The prevalence of injured and unrecovered nerves and time to nerve recovery were analysed. RESULTS: Five @entity1 sustained low and 13 high energy @entity130 . All @entity1 with low energy @entity130 had an intact (4) or entrapped (1) radial nerve and recovered completely. Full nerve recovery was also achieved in five of 13 @entity1 with high energy @entity130 where the nerve was found intact or entrapped. Signs of initial recovery were present in a mean of 3.2 weeks (range: 1-8) for the low energy group and 12 weeks (range: 3-23) for the high energy group (p=0.036). In these @entity1 , the average time to full recovery was 14 and 26 weeks for the low and high energy @entity130 group respectively. Eight @entity1 with high energy @entity130 had severely damaged nerves and failed to recover, although microsurgical nerve reconstruction was performed in 4 cases. @entity1 with high energy @entity130 had a prolonged @entity174 healing time (18.7 weeks on average) compared to those with low energy @entity174 (10.4 weeks), (p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of the @entity4542 following humeral @entity174 is associated to the initial @entity130 . Palsies that are part of a low energy @entity174 uniformly recover and therefore primary surgical exploration seems unnecessary. In high energy @entity174 , neurotmesis or severe contusion must be expected. In this case nerve recovery is unfavourable and the @entity1 should be informed of the poor prognosis and the need of tendon transfers.

title: @entity4542 associated with humeral shaft @entity174 . Is the energy of XXXX a prognostic factor?

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: In a prospective, randomised trial, we compared the use of three Ullevaal hip screws with that of two Hansson hook-pins in 278 @entity1 with @entity2249 . Background factors were similar in both groups. Follow-up was for two years. There were no significant differences between the groups in length of time of surgery, hospital stay, general complications, mortality, @entity158 or walking ability. Likewise, the rates of early failure of fixation, nonunion, and the need for reoperation did not differ significantly between the groups. The use of hook-pins was associated with less drill penetrations of the femoral head during surgery (odds ratio 2.6, p = 0.05) and a lower incidence of @entity39 of the femoral head (odds ratio 3.5, p = 0.04). There was a strong relationship between poor reduction and fixation of the @entity174 and subsequent reoperation (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Likewise, peroperative drill penetration of the femoral head was associated with a greater risk of reoperation (p = 0.038). Both methods gave favourable results. In total, 22% of the @entity1 needed a major reoperation (usually hemiarthroplasty), while in 7% of the cases the fixation device needed to be removed. Osteosynthesis as the sole method for operation of all @entity2249 was thus successful in 78% of @entity1 . With selective treatment most of the remaining @entity1 would have benefited if treated by a primary arthroplasty. Accurate selection requires the development of better prognostic methods.

title: Fixation of XXXX . A prospective, randomised trial of three Ullevaal hip screws versus two Hansson hook-pins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['fractures of the femoral neck']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['fractures of the femoral neck']


abstract: In the present study we tested 13 @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) and 24 typically developing @entity1 (7-12 years old) in a unimanual and bimanual motor planning task. We focused on two research questions: (1) How does motor planning develop in @entity1 with and without @entity306 ? and (2) Is motor planning facilitated when the task is performed with both hands? @entity1 had to grasp one or two vertical oriented cylinder(s) and transport it/them to a platform that had different heights. As a measure of motor planning, we registered the height at which @entity1 grasped the cylinder. Here, anticipation of grasp height upon the height of the upcoming target(s) is reflective of proper forward motor planning as it leads to a comfortable posture at the end of the task. In the unimanual task the typically developing @entity1 showed a significant grasp height effect, which increased with age. In contrast, no grasp height effect, or age related changes therein were found for the @entity1 with @entity306 , suggesting a compromised development of motor planning in these @entity1 . Interestingly, when @entity1 had to transport one cylinder to a high shelf and one cylinder to a low shelf, the more affected hand of the @entity306 children clearly anticipated the grasp height to the upcoming target height. The less affected hand did not show such anticipation. Taken collectively, these findings suggest a delayed or compromised development of motor planning in @entity1 with @entity306 compared to typically developing @entity1 . At the same time, the facilitated motor planning of the more affected arm in the bimanual task offers a valuable entry point for intervention to improve motor planning in @entity306 .

title: Typical and atypical ( XXXX ) development of unimanual and bimanual grasp planning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the long-term results of @entity3029 treated with coracoclavicular fixation using a cancellous screw. METHODS: Coracoclavicular fixation was performed using the modified Bosworth technique in 32 @entity1 (24 males, 8 females; mean age 35 years; range 19 to 58 years) with @entity3029 . According to the Rockwood classification, seven @entity1 had type III, nine @entity1 had type IV, 13 @entity1 had type V, and three @entity1 had @entity3029 . Following repair of the coracoclavicular ligament, fixation was performed with a cancellous screw in all but two @entity1 in whom a cortical screw was used. These two @entity1 developed redislocation due to screw cut out and underwent reoperation with cancellous screw fixation and were not included in the final assessments. The screws were removed under local anesthesia after eight weeks postoperatively. The @entity1 were evaluated for cosmetic appearance, functional status, @entity158 , localized tenderness, articular range of motion, and with the functional Constant scoring system. The mean follow up was 3.1 years (range 1 to 8 years). RESULTS: The mean Constant score was 98 (range 92 to 100). The results were excellent in 26 @entity1 (86.7%) and good in four @entity1 (13.3%). There was subluxation of the acromioclavicular joint in one @entity1 (3.3%). The alignment of the acromioclavicular joint was normal in the remaining @entity1 . None of the @entity1 showed @entity528 . All @entity1 were @entity158 -free and achieved full range of motion. CONCLUSION: With ease of application, low complication rate, and low rate of @entity2720 , the modified Bosworth technique is an effective surgical method in providing satisfactory shoulder function in @entity3029 .

title: Coracoclavicular ligament repair and screw fixation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['acromioclavicular joint arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['joint degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['type VI dislocations', 'acromioclavicular dislocations']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['acromioclavicular dislocations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity2332 modulates acquisition of sleep-wake cycling in term neonates with moderate to severe @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) and the relationship to outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-nine term @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity2806 treated with selective head cooling were evaluated. All were monitored with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography during and video electroencephalography immediately after @entity2332 for >= 72 hours. Electroencephalograpic data were analyzed for background and sleep-wake cycling. Abnormal outcome included @entity204 or severe @entity245 >= 18 months. RESULTS: Acquisition of sleep-wake cycling was noted in nine @entity1 by 72 hours, in 13 by 96 hours, 19 by 120 hours, and 22 by 144 hours. Presence of sleep-wake cycling was associated with normal outcome, that is, 14 of 22 (64%), versus abnormal outcome, that is, none of seven without sleep-wake cycling (P = .006). The presence of sleep-wake cycling by 120 hours had a positive predictive value of 68% and negative predictive value of 90%. Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were related to @entity1442 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1442 is markedly delayed in term neonates with moderate to severe @entity2806 treated with @entity2332 , approximately 65% with acquisition of cycling have a normal outcome. Sleep-wake cycling is an important additional tool for assessing recovery in term @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity2806 treated with @entity2332 .

title: Delayed XXXX with favorable outcome in hypothermic-treated neonates with encephalopathy.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['global neurodevelopmental disability']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['onset of sleep-wake cycling']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['onset of sleep-wake cycling']