abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) is a recalcitrant @entity5 . @entity19 models of this disease could be used for discovery of more effective therapy for @entity1721 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing @entity1 @entity418 @entity42660 cell line was established with a lentiviral expression system. Subsequently, @entity19 were injected subcutaneously, intracardiac or intravenously, or orthotopically implanted with @entity42660 -GFP cells. @entity5 growth and @entity3 were examined by fluorescence in vivo imaging or by open fluorescence imaging after autopsy. RESULTS: Four different @entity19 xenograft models of @entity1721 expressing GFP were established. In the subcutaneous model, @entity5 growth was monitored in real-time by whole-body fluorescence imaging. No @entity3 was observed in the subcutaneous or surgical orthotopic implantation model. By 55 days after implantation, all @entity19 had developed @entity418 , but without detectable @entity3 . In contrast, experimental @entity3 occurred in the intracardiac and intravenous models. In the intravenous injection model, the lung was the sole organ of experimental @entity3 . In the intracardiac model, extensive experimental @entity3 occurred in the bone, brain and lung. CONCLUSION: The @entity19 xenograft models of @entity1721 developed in the present study can provide a means of discovering more effective therapy of this recalcitrant type of @entity5 .

title: Comparison of GFP-Expressing Imageable @entity19 Models of @entity1 XXXX Established in Various Anatomical Sites.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mouse', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'orthotopic esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) is a recalcitrant @entity5 . @entity19 models of this disease could be used for discovery of more effective therapy for @entity1721 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing @entity1 @entity418 @entity42660 cell line was established with a lentiviral expression system. Subsequently, @entity19 were injected subcutaneously, intracardiac or intravenously, or orthotopically implanted with @entity42660 -GFP cells. @entity5 growth and @entity3 were examined by fluorescence in vivo imaging or by open fluorescence imaging after autopsy. RESULTS: Four different @entity19 xenograft models of @entity1721 expressing GFP were established. In the subcutaneous model, @entity5 growth was monitored in real-time by whole-body fluorescence imaging. No @entity3 was observed in the subcutaneous or surgical orthotopic implantation model. By 55 days after implantation, all @entity19 had developed @entity418 , but without detectable @entity3 . In contrast, experimental @entity3 occurred in the intracardiac and intravenous models. In the intravenous injection model, the lung was the sole organ of experimental @entity3 . In the intracardiac model, extensive experimental @entity3 occurred in the bone, brain and lung. CONCLUSION: The @entity19 xenograft models of @entity1721 developed in the present study can provide a means of discovering more effective therapy of this recalcitrant type of @entity5 .

title: Comparison of GFP-Expressing Imageable XXXX Models of @entity1 @entity1721 Established in Various Anatomical Sites.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) is a recalcitrant @entity5 . @entity19 models of this disease could be used for discovery of more effective therapy for @entity1721 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing @entity1 @entity418 @entity42660 cell line was established with a lentiviral expression system. Subsequently, @entity19 were injected subcutaneously, intracardiac or intravenously, or orthotopically implanted with @entity42660 -GFP cells. @entity5 growth and @entity3 were examined by fluorescence in vivo imaging or by open fluorescence imaging after autopsy. RESULTS: Four different @entity19 xenograft models of @entity1721 expressing GFP were established. In the subcutaneous model, @entity5 growth was monitored in real-time by whole-body fluorescence imaging. No @entity3 was observed in the subcutaneous or surgical orthotopic implantation model. By 55 days after implantation, all @entity19 had developed @entity418 , but without detectable @entity3 . In contrast, experimental @entity3 occurred in the intracardiac and intravenous models. In the intravenous injection model, the lung was the sole organ of experimental @entity3 . In the intracardiac model, extensive experimental @entity3 occurred in the bone, brain and lung. CONCLUSION: The @entity19 xenograft models of @entity1721 developed in the present study can provide a means of discovering more effective therapy of this recalcitrant type of @entity5 .

title: Comparison of GFP-Expressing Imageable @entity19 Models of XXXX @entity1721 Established in Various Anatomical Sites.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Optimal @entity1 selection for lower extremity revascularization remains a clinical challenge among the @entity734 ( @entity734 ). The purpose of this study was to examine contemporary real world open and endovascular outcomes of @entity734 @entity1 to better facilitate @entity1 selection for intervention. METHODS: A regional multicenter registry was queried between 2003 and 2013 for @entity734 @entity1 (N  = 689) undergoing open surgical bypass (n  = 295) or endovascular intervention (n  = 394) for lower extremity revascularization. @entity1 demographics and comorbidities were recorded. The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes included graft patency, freedom from major adverse limb events, and amputation-free survival (AFS). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for @entity204 and amputation. RESULTS: Among the 689 @entity734 @entity1 undergoing lower extremity revascularization, 66% were male, and 83% were white. Ninety percent of revascularizations were performed for @entity63 and 8% for @entity613 . Overall survival at 1, 2, and 5  years survival remained low at 60%, 43%, and 21%, respectively. Overall 1- and 2-year AFS was 40% and 17%. Mortality accounted for the primary mode of failure for both open bypass (78%) and endovascular interventions (80%) at two years. Survival, AFS, and freedom from major adverse limb event outcomes did not differ significantly between revascularization techniques. At 2  years, endovascular patency was higher than open bypass (76% vs 26%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.71; P  = .02). Multivariate analysis identified age >= 80  years (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95% CI,  1.4-2.5; P  < .01), indication of @entity158 or tissue loss (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.6; P  < .01), preoperative wheelchair/bedridden status (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1; P  < .01), @entity453 (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9; P  < .01), and @entity1030 (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8; P  = .01) as independent predictors of @entity204 . The presence of three or more risk factors resulted in predicted 1-year mortality of 64%. CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival and AFS among @entity734 @entity1 remains poor, irrespective of revascularization strategy. Mortality remains the primary driver for these findings and justifies a prudent approach to @entity1 selection. Focus for improved results should emphasize predictors of survival to better identify those most likely to benefit from revascularization.

title: Outcomes of lower extremity revascularization among the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['hemodialysis-dependent', 'HD']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['hemodialysis-dependent']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cardiac wall motions reflect systolic and diastolic function. We have previously demonstrated the ability of a miniaturized three-axis (3D) accelerometer to monitor left ventricular function in experimental models and in @entity1 . The main aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of the method for monitoring the left and right ventricular function during changes in global and regional cardiac function in a postoperative closed-chest situation. METHODS: In 13 closed-chest @entity1707 , miniaturized 3D accelerometers were placed on the left ventricle in the apical and basal regions and in the basal region of the right ventricle. An epicardial 3D motion vector was calculated from the acceleration signals in each heart region. Peak systolic velocity along this 3D vector (3D Vsys) was compared with the positive time derivative of the left and right ventricular pressure and with cardiac index during changes in global LV function (unloading, fluid loading, @entity7368 , @entity452 ) and with ultrasound during regional left @entity67 (3-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery). RESULTS: Significant and typical changes in accelerometer 3D Vsys were seen in all heart regions during changes in global cardiac function. 3D Vsys reflected the left and right ventricular contractility via significant correlations with the positive time derivative of the left and right ventricular pressure, r = 0.86 and r = 0.72, and with cardiac index r = 0.82 and r = 0.73 (all P < 0.001), respectively. The miniaturized accelerometers also detected regional dysfunction, but showed reduced ability to localize ischaemia as the 3D Vsys in all heart regions showed similar reductions during @entity1563 . CONCLUSIONS: Miniaturized 3D accelerometers placed on the heart can assess global and regional function in a closed-chest model. The technique may be used for continuous postoperative monitoring after cardiac surgery.

title: Continuous monitoring of cardiac function by 3-dimensional accelerometers in a closed-chest XXXX model   .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -The transmural distribution of apamin-sensitive small conductance @entity141 -activated @entity3529 ( @entity31858 ) current (IKAS) in failing @entity1 ventricles remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: -We optically mapped left ventricular wedge preparations from 12 failing native hearts and 2 rejected cardiac allografts explanted during transplant surgery. We determined transmural action potential duration (APD) before and after 100 nM apamin administration in all wedges and after sequential administration of apamin, @entity34072 and @entity9690 in 4 wedges. Apamin prolonged APD from 363 ms [95% confidence interval (CI), 341 to 385] to 409 [CI, 385 to 434] (p<0.001) in all hearts, and reduced the transmural conduction velocity from 36 cm/s [CI, 30 to 42] to 32 cm/s [CI, 27 to 37] (p=0.001) in 12 native failing hearts at 1000 ms @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ). The percent APD prolongation is negatively correlated with baseline APD and positively correlated with @entity3656 . Only one wedge had M-cell islands. The percentages of APD prolongation in the last 4 hearts at 2000 ms @entity3656 after apamin, @entity34072 and @entity9690 were 9.1% [CI, 3.9 to 14.2], 17.3% [CI, 3.1 to 31.5] and 35.9% [CI, 15.7 to 56.1], respectively. Immunohistochemical staining of subtype 2 of @entity31858 ( @entity31858 ) protein showed increased expression in intercalated discs of myocytes. CONCLUSIONS: - @entity31858 current is important in the transmural repolarization in failing @entity1 ventricles. The magnitude of IKAS is positively correlated with the @entity3656 , but negatively correlated with APD when @entity3656 is fixed. There is abundant @entity31858 protein in the intercalated discs of myocytes.

title: Small Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Current is Important in Transmural Repolarization of Failing XXXX Ventricles.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['PCL', 'pacing cycle length']

entities_list: @entity34072 :: ('MESH:C029141', 'Chemical') :: ['chromanol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity14 are two of the most common types and cause of a high rate of @entity204 worldwide. Therefore, any strategy to stop or at least slacken the development and progression of malignant cells is an important therapeutic choice. The aim of the present work is the identification of novel @entity5 chemotherapy agents. Nowadays, many different drug discovery approaches are available, but this paper focuses on Molecular Topology, which has already demonstrated its extraordinary efficacy in this field, particularly in the identification of new hit and lead compounds against @entity5 . This methodology uses the graph theoretical formalism to numerically characterize molecular structures through the so called topological indices. Once obtained a specific framework, it allows the construction of complex mathematical models that can be used to predict physical, chemical or biological properties of compounds. In addition, Molecular Topology is highly efficient in selecting and designing new hit and lead drugs. According to the aforementioned, Molecular Topology has been applied here for the construction of specific @entity584 / @entity3470 and @entity3546 inhibition mathematical models in order to identify and select novel antitumor agents. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Based on the results obtained by the selected mathematical models, six novel potential inhibitors of the @entity584 / @entity3470 and @entity3546 pathways were identified. These compounds were then tested in vitro to confirm their biological activity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Five of the selected compounds, CAS n   256378-54-8 (Inhibitor n  1), 663203-38-1 (Inhibitor n  2), 247079-73-8 (Inhibitor n  3), 689769-86-6 (Inhibitor n  4) and 431925-096 (Inhibitor n  6) gave positive responses and resulted to be active for @entity584 / @entity3470 and/or @entity3546 inhibition. This study confirms once again the Molecular Topology's reliability and efficacy to find out novel drugs in the field of @entity5 .

title: Novel Cancer Chemotherapy Hits by Molecular Topology: Dual XXXX and Beta-Catenin Inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal and prostate cancers']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ). It may act through intracellular process modulation, but its exact mechanism is still unknown. Animal research supports a neurotrophic effect for ECT. We aimed to investigate the association between changes in serum @entity2252 (sBDNF) levels and clinical improvement following ECT in @entity1 with @entity13217 . Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity13217 (2 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 ; mean age, 63.5 years; S.D., 11.9) were assessed through the @entity308 ( @entity308 ), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and the Clinical Global Impressions scale, Severity (CGIs) before and after a complete ECT cycle. At the same time-points, @entity1 underwent blood withdrawal for measuring sBDNF levels. ECT significantly reduced @entity308 , BPRS, and CGIS scores, but not sBDNF levels. No significant correlation was found between sBDNF changes, and each of @entity308 , BPRS, and CGIs score changes. sBDNF levels in @entity13217 @entity1 were low both at baseline and post-ECT. Our results do not support that improvements in @entity13217 following ECT are mediated through increases in sBDNF levels.

title: Electroconvulsive therapy improves clinical manifestations of XXXX without changing serum @entity2252 levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['TRD', 'treatment-resistant depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Hamilton Depression Rating Scale', 'HDRS']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

answer: @entity13217 :: (MESH:D061218,Disease) :: ['treatment-resistant depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ). It may act through intracellular process modulation, but its exact mechanism is still unknown. Animal research supports a neurotrophic effect for ECT. We aimed to investigate the association between changes in serum @entity2252 (sBDNF) levels and clinical improvement following ECT in @entity1 with @entity13217 . Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity13217 (2 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 ; mean age, 63.5 years; S.D., 11.9) were assessed through the @entity308 ( @entity308 ), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and the Clinical Global Impressions scale, Severity (CGIs) before and after a complete ECT cycle. At the same time-points, @entity1 underwent blood withdrawal for measuring sBDNF levels. ECT significantly reduced @entity308 , BPRS, and CGIS scores, but not sBDNF levels. No significant correlation was found between sBDNF changes, and each of @entity308 , BPRS, and CGIs score changes. sBDNF levels in @entity13217 @entity1 were low both at baseline and post-ECT. Our results do not support that improvements in @entity13217 following ECT are mediated through increases in sBDNF levels.

title: Electroconvulsive therapy improves clinical manifestations of @entity13217 without changing serum XXXX levels.

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['BDNF']


abstract: Microtubules are an ideal target for anticancer drugs because of their essential role in mitosis. Colchicine is a microtubule destabilizer. Whether the clinically acceptable colchicine concentrations had anticancer effects on @entity1 @entity201 cells was investigated. Two @entity1 @entity201 cell lines (C14/KMUH, C51/KMUH) were investigated using clinically acceptable plasma colchicine concentrations (2 ng/mL and 6 ng/mL for the in vitro experiment, 0.07 mg colchicine/kg/d * 14 days for the nude @entity19 experiment). Our results showed that colchicine caused significantly dose-dependent antiproliferative effects on both cell lines (all p < 0.0001). Nude @entity19 (BALB/c-nu) experiments showed that the increased @entity5 volume ratios in colchicine-treated @entity19 were significantly lower than control @entity19 started from the 11th day of treatment (p = 0.0167). The @entity5 growth rates in colchicine-treated @entity19 after 14 days of treatment were significantly lower than in control @entity19 (0.147    0.004/d vs. 0.274    0.003/d, p = 0.0015). In addition to the well-known direct colchicine-tubulin interaction as a common anticancer mechanism of colchicine, microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed that the antiproliferative effects of both 2 ng/mL and 6 ng/mL colchicine on C14/KMUH cells could be partially explained by downregulations of both @entity56811 and MT-COI. There was no effect of colchicine on MT-COI expression in C51/KMUH cells, however, 6 ng/mL colchicine also downregulated @entity56811 in this cell line. In conclusion, clinically acceptable colchicine concentrations can inhibit the proliferation of @entity1 @entity201 cells. This drug has good potential for the palliative treatment of @entity201 due to its low cost and our long-standing prescription experience.

title: Clinically acceptable colchicine concentrations have potential for the palliative treatment of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Microtubules are an ideal target for anticancer drugs because of their essential role in mitosis. Colchicine is a microtubule destabilizer. Whether the clinically acceptable colchicine concentrations had anticancer effects on @entity1 @entity201 cells was investigated. Two @entity1 @entity201 cell lines (C14/KMUH, C51/KMUH) were investigated using clinically acceptable plasma colchicine concentrations (2 ng/mL and 6 ng/mL for the in vitro experiment, 0.07 mg colchicine/kg/d * 14 days for the nude @entity19 experiment). Our results showed that colchicine caused significantly dose-dependent antiproliferative effects on both cell lines (all p < 0.0001). Nude @entity19 (BALB/c-nu) experiments showed that the increased @entity5 volume ratios in colchicine-treated @entity19 were significantly lower than control @entity19 started from the 11th day of treatment (p = 0.0167). The @entity5 growth rates in colchicine-treated @entity19 after 14 days of treatment were significantly lower than in control @entity19 (0.147    0.004/d vs. 0.274    0.003/d, p = 0.0015). In addition to the well-known direct colchicine-tubulin interaction as a common anticancer mechanism of colchicine, microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed that the antiproliferative effects of both 2 ng/mL and 6 ng/mL colchicine on C14/KMUH cells could be partially explained by downregulations of both @entity56811 and MT-COI. There was no effect of colchicine on MT-COI expression in C51/KMUH cells, however, 6 ng/mL colchicine also downregulated @entity56811 in this cell line. In conclusion, clinically acceptable colchicine concentrations can inhibit the proliferation of @entity1 @entity201 cells. This drug has good potential for the palliative treatment of @entity201 due to its low cost and our long-standing prescription experience.

title: Clinically acceptable colchicine concentrations have potential for the palliative treatment of XXXX @entity201 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity13871 which is caused mainly by the larvae of @entity5603 and @entity9157 , is a worldwide zoonotic disease that can be a potentially serious @entity1 @entity281 . The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using @entity5603 excretory-secretory (TES) antigens harvested from @entity5603 larvae is currently the serological test for confirming @entity13871 . An alternative to producing large amounts of Toxocara TES and improved diagnosis for @entity13871 is through the development of highly specific recombinant antigens such as the @entity5603 second stage larva excretory-secretory 30kDa protein (recTES-30). The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a @entity1170 ( @entity1170 , named as iToxocara kit) in comparison to recTES-30 ELISA in Serendah Orang Asli village in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 133 subjects were included in the study. The overall prevalence rates by ELISA and @entity1170 were 29.3% and 33.1%, respectively, with more positive cases detected in males than females. However, no association was found between @entity13871 and gender or age. The percentage sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of @entity1170 were 85.7%, 90.1%, 80% and 93.2%, respectively. The prevalence for @entity13871 in this population using both ELISA and @entity1170 was 27.1% (36/133) and the K-concordance test suggested good agreement of the two tests with a Cohen's kappa of 0.722, P<0.01. In addition, the followed-up Spearman rank correlation showed a moderately high correlation at R=0.704 and P<0.01. In conclusion, the @entity1170 kit was faster and easier to use than an ELISA and is useful for the laboratory diagnosis of hospitalized cases of @entity13871 .

title: Field evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test to detect antibodies in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9157 :: ('6266', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara cati']

entities_list: @entity1170 :: ('MESH:C564983', 'Disease') :: ['rapid diagnostic kit', 'RDT']

entities_list: @entity5603 :: ('6265', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara canis', 'T. canis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity13871 :: ('MESH:D014120', 'Disease') :: ['toxocariasis']

answer: @entity13871 :: (MESH:D014120,Disease) :: ['toxocariasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity13871 which is caused mainly by the larvae of @entity5603 and @entity9157 , is a worldwide zoonotic disease that can be a potentially serious @entity1 @entity281 . The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using @entity5603 excretory-secretory (TES) antigens harvested from @entity5603 larvae is currently the serological test for confirming @entity13871 . An alternative to producing large amounts of Toxocara TES and improved diagnosis for @entity13871 is through the development of highly specific recombinant antigens such as the @entity5603 second stage larva excretory-secretory 30kDa protein (recTES-30). The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a @entity1170 ( @entity1170 , named as iToxocara kit) in comparison to recTES-30 ELISA in Serendah Orang Asli village in Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 133 subjects were included in the study. The overall prevalence rates by ELISA and @entity1170 were 29.3% and 33.1%, respectively, with more positive cases detected in males than females. However, no association was found between @entity13871 and gender or age. The percentage sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of @entity1170 were 85.7%, 90.1%, 80% and 93.2%, respectively. The prevalence for @entity13871 in this population using both ELISA and @entity1170 was 27.1% (36/133) and the K-concordance test suggested good agreement of the two tests with a Cohen's kappa of 0.722, P<0.01. In addition, the followed-up Spearman rank correlation showed a moderately high correlation at R=0.704 and P<0.01. In conclusion, the @entity1170 kit was faster and easier to use than an ELISA and is useful for the laboratory diagnosis of hospitalized cases of @entity13871 .

title: Field evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test to detect antibodies in XXXX @entity13871 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity166 ( @entity166 ) constitute an increasing slice of the global @entity66 , with the South-East Asia region projected to see the highest increase in NCD-related deaths over the next decade. Mining industry employees may be exposed to various factors potentially elevating their NCD risk. This study aimed to assess the distribution and 5-year longitudinal trends of key metabolic NCD risk factors in a cohort of @entity920 -gold mining company workers in Papua, Indonesia. METHODS: Metabolic indicators of NCD risk were assessed among employees (15   580 at baseline, 6496 prospectively) of a large @entity920 -gold mining operation in Papua, Indonesia, using routinely collected 5-year medical surveillance data. The study cohort comprised individuals aged 18-68   years employed for >= 1   year during 2008-2013. Assessed risk factors were based on repeat measures of @entity165 , blood @entity413 , blood pressure and body weight, using WHO criteria. RESULTS: Metabolic risk indicator rates were markedly high and increased significantly from baseline through 5-year follow-up (p<0.001). Adjusting for gender and age, longer duration of employment (>= 10   years) predicted raised @entity165 (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.13, p=0.003), raised blood pressure (AOR=1.16, p=0.009) and overweight/ @entity28 (AOR=1.14, p=0.001) at baseline; and persistent raised @entity165 (AOR=1.26, p=0.003), and both incident (AOR=1.33, p=0.014) and persistent raised blood @entity413 (AOR=1.62, p=0.044) at 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals employed for longer periods in  a mining operations setting in Papua, Indonesia, may  face elevated NCD risk through various routes. Workplace health promotion interventions and policies targeting modifiable lifestyle patterns and environmental exposures present an important opportunity to reduce such susceptibilities and mitigate associated health risks.

title: Non-communicable disease risk factor patterns among mining industry workers in Papua, Indonesia: longitudinal findings from the Cardiovascular Outcomes in a Papuan Population and Estimation of  Risk ( XXXX ) Study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Non-communicable diseases', 'NCDs']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity920 :: (MESH:D003300,Chemical) :: ['COPPER']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) is a @entity3459 affecting many US @entity1 that is often associated with hospital readmission. Although previous studies have reported on the clinical factors that influence readmission risk, potential geographic factors have not been fully investigated. The goal of this study was to investigate the importance of geographic risk factors and to confirm previously derived clinical risk factors that influence readmissions for @entity3458 @entity158 crises. METHODS: Retrospective analyses were performed on pediatric inpatients with sickle cell crises at a single center. Readmission rates and risk factors were assessed. Geospatial analysis was conducted on point variables that represented health service access, and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed. RESULTS: The study identified 373 @entity1 experiencing sickle cell crises, with 125 (33.5%) having at least one 30-day readmission. Age (mean difference: 2.2 years; P<0.001), length of stay (median difference: 1 day; P<.001), admission @entity158 score>7 of 10 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.21; P<0.01), discharge @entity158 score>4 of 10 (OR: 2.098; P<.01), living within 5 miles of the center's main hospital (OR: 0.573; P=.04), and >3 hospital utilizations in the previous 12 months (OR: 5.103; P<.001) were identified as potential indicators of 30-day readmission risk. Logistic regression models for 30-day readmissions yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Increased age, high admission and discharge @entity158 scores, decreased length of stay, and increased hospital utilizations were found to be associated with an increased risk of readmission for sickle cell crisis. @entity1 's residence was also found to be a significant risk indicator, supporting the utility of geospatial analysis in assessing readmission risk.

title: Clinical and Geographic Characterization of 30-Day Readmissions in Pediatric Sickle Cell Crisis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['blood disorder']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'Sickle cell disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The aim of the study is to assess QoL depending on the choice of therapeutic regimen. From a total of 200 @entity1 , half (n = 100) were treated with insulin (66% were females, age 52.1    7.4-group A), the remaining 100 received oral treatment (74% females, age 63.3    8.3-group B). For self-assessment of QoL, the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used. In group A, we found a negative influence of increased level of glycemia and occurrence of coexisting diseases in the somatic domain . In the psychological domain, frequent checkups showed a positive influence while circulatory failure produced negative results. For social domain, disobeying of recommended diet was strongly negative as well as increased levels of glycemia and coexisting disease for environmental domain. In group B, for somatic domain, correct values of glycemia and place of residence had positive influence. Incorrect values of BMI, WHR, and co-existing disease influenced the same domain negatively. In the psychological domain, a positive influence had place of residence but a negative BMI, @entity741 , clinical complications. For environmental domain, a positive influence had correct values of glycemia but a negative BMI, @entity741 and clinical complications. Finally, the social domain for group B was negatively influenced by BMI, @entity741 , clinical complications, and lack of regular supervisions of glycemia level. A higher assessment of quality of life was found in the group of @entity1 treated with oral hypoglycemic medicines in somatic and environmental domains, and in the group of @entity1 treated with insulin in psychological domain.

title: Type 2 diabetes quality of life XXXX treated with insulin and oral hypoglycemic medication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity976 is a frequent @entity5 in @entity1 with challenging surgical, endocrine, and visual consequences. We evaluated our experience in treating @entity976 and its incidence in Macedonia. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 (9 male and 4 female) with @entity976 (age 9.55    3.74 years; range 2.90-15.11) who had been treated between 1989 and 2008 in Macedonia were reviewed. RESULTS: initial signs were @entity227 (10 @entity1 ), @entity410 (1), @entity851 (13), and @entity2010 ( @entity2010 ) (2). All @entity1 were subjected to subtotal surgical removal. Cranial irradiation was performed in 12 of the 13 @entity1 , and intracystic @entity1732 was given to one @entity1 . The @entity1 were followed up for 6-229 months (mean    SD: 107.00    74.04 months). All @entity1 had multiple @entity4611 after surgical @entity5 . Body mass index increased from 16.93    6.34 standard deviation scores ( @entity214 ) at diagnosis to 26.33    5.91 @entity214 (P>0.005) at the last follow-up. @entity2010 was permanent in 9 of the 13 @entity1 , and multiple @entity4611 were seen in all @entity1 . Treatment with growth hormone resulted in normalization of adult height from -1.27    1.52 @entity214 at the start of the treatment to -0.13    1.39 @entity214 at the last followup. The final height was not significantly lower than the genetic target height (P>0.005). The permanent deficit was @entity227 : @entity1939 in one or both eyes in 4 @entity1 , @entity1805 in 4, and other defects in 2. Recurrence of the disease was ruled out in one @entity1 after 31 months. No mortality was observed in the observation period of 104.92    76.11 months. CONCLUSIONS: the overall incidence of @entity976 in the period of 1989-2008 in Macedonia was 1.43 per 1 000 000 @entity1 -years. Subtotal resection and systematic irradiation showed good life quality of survivors.

title: XXXX in Macedonia: incidence and outcome after subtotal resection and cranial irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vision disturbances', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['bitemporal hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['DI', 'diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['Childhood craniopharyngioma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8491 are rare. Mutations in @entity28972 were first described in 2004. Thirteen @entity1 have been reported to date, mostly with a relatively mild course. The molecular diagnosis has implications for choice of treatment and genetic counseling. METHODS: Clinical course and electrophysiological, pathological, and genetic findings were assessed. RESULTS: We describe the case of a @entity1 with prenatal onset and severe @entity1576 with a persisting need for ventilation. The @entity1 had @entity146 , marked @entity425 causing a "dropped head," and some @entity425 . Ophthalmoparesis developed during the first year of life. @entity3045 led to improvement, @entity5129 had a modest effect, but @entity4836 produced deterioration. Two novel mutations in @entity28972 were found by whole exome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: We expand the phenotype of @entity8491 with @entity28972 mutations, describing a more severe clinical course with prenatal onset. Predominant bulbar and @entity425 with @entity425 and @entity4610 are diagnostic clues. Muscle Nerve, 2015.

title: A severe @entity8491 with "dropped head" caused by novel XXXX mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['severe bulbar symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['Salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['axial weakness', 'respiratory weakness', 'facial and proximal weakness', 'facial and axial weakness']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoparesis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['congenital myasthenic syndromes', 'Congenital myasthenic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity5129 :: ('MESH:C016361', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-diaminopyridine']

answer: @entity28972 :: (4593,Gene) :: ['MUSK']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8491 are rare. Mutations in @entity28972 were first described in 2004. Thirteen @entity1 have been reported to date, mostly with a relatively mild course. The molecular diagnosis has implications for choice of treatment and genetic counseling. METHODS: Clinical course and electrophysiological, pathological, and genetic findings were assessed. RESULTS: We describe the case of a @entity1 with prenatal onset and severe @entity1576 with a persisting need for ventilation. The @entity1 had @entity146 , marked @entity425 causing a "dropped head," and some @entity425 . Ophthalmoparesis developed during the first year of life. @entity3045 led to improvement, @entity5129 had a modest effect, but @entity4836 produced deterioration. Two novel mutations in @entity28972 were found by whole exome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: We expand the phenotype of @entity8491 with @entity28972 mutations, describing a more severe clinical course with prenatal onset. Predominant bulbar and @entity425 with @entity425 and @entity4610 are diagnostic clues. Muscle Nerve, 2015.

title: A severe XXXX with "dropped head" caused by novel @entity28972 mutations.

answer: @entity8491 :: (MESH:D020294,Disease) :: ['congenital myasthenic syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The study aims to test whether impaired conduction velocities following @entity7995 ( @entity7995 ) serve as a limiting factor on various temporal, as compared to static, aspects of vision. Critical Flicker fusion frequency (CFFF), two motion perception tasks (object and number-from-motion extraction tasks), high and low contrast acuities, and visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were assessed in 23 @entity7995 @entity1 . Strong correlations were found between the various dynamic visual function scores. Furthermore, regression models revealed that each of the dynamic visual functions significantly predicted VEP latencies. These findings were specific to @entity1 ' affected eyes and were not evident for static visual functions. Fellow eyes' VEP latencies were best predicted by the VEP latencies of the affected eyes. The similar impact of VEP latencies on various dynamic visual functions suggests conduction velocity to be the common limiting factor for temporal-related visual perceptual abilities. The specificity of these findings to the @entity1 ' affected eyes and to dynamic visual functions highlights the precision of dynamic visual functions for identifying @entity17 attack. Prolonged VEP latencies in the fellow eyes seem to stem from different patho-physiological processes. The hypothesis that @entity735 in conduction latencies is important to accomplish visual processing (binocular vision) is further discussed.

title: Temporal aspects of visual perception in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['inter-eye synchronization']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinative']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'ON']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['demyelinative diseases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to investigate perfusion characteristics of @entity463 with an @entity3271 component (GBMO) compared with conventional @entity463 ( @entity463 ) using dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and microvessel density (MVD). METHODS: The study was approved by the institutional review board. Newly diagnosed high-grade @entity11 @entity1 were enrolled (n   =   72; 20 GBMs, 14 GBMOs, 19 @entity816 ( @entity816 ), 13 @entity3271 ( @entity3271 ), and six anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (AOAs)). All @entity1 underwent preoperative MR imaging including DSC perfusion MR imaging. Normalized cerebral blood volume (nCBV) values were analyzed using a histogram approach. Histogram parameters were subsequently compared across each @entity5 subtype and grade. MVD was quantified by immunohistochemistry staining and correlated with perfusion parameters. Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed according to the @entity5 subtype. RESULTS: GBMO displayed significantly reduced nCBV values compared with @entity463 , whereas @entity5 with @entity2483 (AO and @entity72093 ) exhibited significantly increased nCBV values compared with AA (p   <   0.001). MVD analyses revealed the same pattern as nCBV results. In addition, a positive correlation between MVD and nCBV values was noted (r   =   0.633, p   <   0.001). @entity1 with @entity5 exhibited significantly increased PFS compared with @entity1 with pure @entity816 in each grade. CONCLUSION: In contrast to @entity5 , the presence of @entity2483 in grade IV @entity5 resulted in @entity2121 reduced perfusion metrics and MVD. In addition, @entity1 with GBMO exhibited a better clinical outcome compared with @entity1 with @entity463 .

title: Paradoxical perfusion metrics of high-grade @entity11 with an XXXX component: quantitative analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'grade III tumors', 'tumors', 'oligodendroglial tumors']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxically']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'AAs', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglial components']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic oligodendrogliomas', 'AOs', 'oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['oligodendroglioma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to investigate perfusion characteristics of @entity463 with an @entity3271 component (GBMO) compared with conventional @entity463 ( @entity463 ) using dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and microvessel density (MVD). METHODS: The study was approved by the institutional review board. Newly diagnosed high-grade @entity11 @entity1 were enrolled (n   =   72; 20 GBMs, 14 GBMOs, 19 @entity816 ( @entity816 ), 13 @entity3271 ( @entity3271 ), and six anaplastic oligoastrocytomas (AOAs)). All @entity1 underwent preoperative MR imaging including DSC perfusion MR imaging. Normalized cerebral blood volume (nCBV) values were analyzed using a histogram approach. Histogram parameters were subsequently compared across each @entity5 subtype and grade. MVD was quantified by immunohistochemistry staining and correlated with perfusion parameters. Progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed according to the @entity5 subtype. RESULTS: GBMO displayed significantly reduced nCBV values compared with @entity463 , whereas @entity5 with @entity2483 (AO and @entity72093 ) exhibited significantly increased nCBV values compared with AA (p   <   0.001). MVD analyses revealed the same pattern as nCBV results. In addition, a positive correlation between MVD and nCBV values was noted (r   =   0.633, p   <   0.001). @entity1 with @entity5 exhibited significantly increased PFS compared with @entity1 with pure @entity816 in each grade. CONCLUSION: In contrast to @entity5 , the presence of @entity2483 in grade IV @entity5 resulted in @entity2121 reduced perfusion metrics and MVD. In addition, @entity1 with GBMO exhibited a better clinical outcome compared with @entity1 with @entity463 .

title: Paradoxical perfusion metrics of high-grade XXXX with an @entity3271 component: quantitative analysis of dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MR imaging.

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: International guidance recommends that early serial sampling of high sensitivity troponin be used to accurately identify @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in @entity662 @entity1 . The background evidence for this approach is limited. We evaluated whether on presentation and 4-hour high-sensitivity troponin I (hs- @entity6949 ) could be used to accurately rule-out @entity583 . DESIGN AND METHODS: hs- @entity6949 was measured on presentation and at 4-hours in adult @entity1 attending an emergency department with possible @entity1187 . We determined the sensitivity for @entity583 for at least one hs- @entity6949 above the 99th percentile for a healthy population or alone or in combination with new ischemic ECG changes. Both overall and sex-specific 99th percentiles were assessed. @entity1 with negative tests were designated low-risk. RESULTS: 63 (17.1%) of 368 @entity1 had @entity583 . The median (interquartile range) time from symptom onset to first blood sampling was 4.8h (2.8-8.6). The sensitivity of the presentation and 4h hs- @entity6949 using the overall 99th percentile was 92.1% (95% CI 82.4% to 97.4%) and negative predictive value 95.4% (92.3% to 97.4%) with 78.3% low-risk. Applying the sex-specific 99th percentile did not change the sensitivity. The addition of ECG did not change the sensitivity. CONCLUSION: Hs- @entity6949 >99th percentile thresholds measured on presentation and at 4-hours was not a safe strategy to rule-out @entity583 in this clinical setting irrespective of whether sex-specific 99th percentiles were used, or whether hs- @entity6949 was combined with ECG results.

title: The utility of presentation and 4-hour high sensitivity troponin I to rule-out XXXX in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of spinal fusion in the reconstructive spinal surgery is to achieve solid bony fusion between vertebral segments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of @entity258 ( @entity258 ) in enhancing fusion rate and bone formation after one-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). METHODS: One-level PLIF procedure was performed in the @entity1 with @entity179 spinal stenosis between L1/2 and L5/S. Total 210 subjects were enrolled in this study prospectively, and randomly divided into 2 groups with @entity258 treatment after surgery (L-group), and without @entity258 treatment (NL-group). The @entity1 in L-group underwent @entity258 treatment over the fusion level every day until 6 months after surgery. At week 24 and 48, the images obtained by X-ray and Dynamic computer tomography (flexion-extension CT) were evaluated. The state of bone union was classified from grade 1 (fusion) to grade 4 (non-union) in both evaluations. RESULTS: Finally 83 @entity1 in L-group and 86 @entity1 in NL-group were analyzed. According to X-ray images, 30 @entity1 (39%) in L-group and 29 @entity1 (37%) in NL-group were evaluated as grade 1 at 24 weeks after surgery, then 61 @entity1 (74%) in L-group and 55 @entity1 (66%) in NL-group at 48 weeks. While according to flexion-extension CT images, 33 @entity1 (47%) in L-group and 36 @entity1 (51%) in NL-group were evaluated as grade 1 at 24 weeks, then 51 @entity1 (70%) in L-group and 42 @entity1 (63%) in NL-group at 48 weeks. L-group showed higher fusion rate based on both radiographic and CT evaluation at 48 weeks, although the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity258 therapy may promote successful fusion after spinal interbody fusion.

title: III-4   The Impact of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ( XXXX ) on Spinal Fusion After Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF) Procedure.

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-intensity pulsed ultrasound', 'LIPUS']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['LIPUS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity703 biopsy (RTB) for the characterization of small renal masses (SRMs) has not been widely adopted despite reported safety and accuracy. Without pretreatment biopsy, @entity1 with @entity5 are frequently overtreated. OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic rate of RTBs, to determine their concordance with surgical pathology, and to assess their impact on management. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : This is a single-institution retrospective study of 529 @entity1 with biopsied solid SRMs  <=4cm in diameter. RTBs were performed to aid in clinical management. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Diagnostic and concordance rates were presented using proportions. Factors that contributed to a diagnostic biopsy were identified using a multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The first biopsy was diagnostic in 90% (n=476) of cases. Of the nondiagnostic biopsies, 24 @entity1 underwent a second biopsy of which 83% were diagnostic. When both were combined, RTBs yielded an overall diagnostic rate of 94%. Following RTB, treatment could have been avoided in at least 26% of cases because the lesion was benign. @entity5 size and exophytic location were significantly associated with biopsy outcome. RTB histology and nuclear grade were highly concordant with final pathology (93% and 94%, respectively). Adverse events were low (8.5%) and were all self-limited with the exception of one. Although excellent concordance between RTB and final pathology was observed, only a subset of @entity1 underwent surgery following biopsy. Thus it is possible that some @entity1 were misdiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: RTB of SRMs provided a high rate of diagnostic accuracy, and more than a quarter were benign. Routine RTB for SRMs informs treatment decisions and diminishes unnecessary intervention. Our results support its systematic use and suggest that a change in clinical paradigm should be considered. @entity1 SUMMARY: @entity703 biopsy (RTB) for pretreatment identification of the pathology of small renal masses (SRMs) is safe and reliable and decreases unnecessary treatment. Routine RTB should be considered in all @entity1 with an indeterminate SRM for which treatment is being considered.

title: XXXX Biopsy for Small Renal Masses: A Single-center 13-year Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['Renal tumor']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Renal Tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Diaphragmatic involvement is relatively uncommon in @entity1 undergoing a hepatectomy for @entity157 ( @entity157 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the short- and long-term surgical impacts of @entity157 with gross diaphragmatic involvement in @entity1 undergoing an en bloc resection of the diaphragm. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2007, 911 @entity1 with @entity157 underwent a hepatectomy at our institution. Twenty-seven @entity1 (3.0%) had had gross involvement of the diaphragm. Thirteen @entity1 (1.4%) had undergone an en bloc resection of the diaphragm, and 14 (1.5%) had received only a blunt dissection. The short-term surgical impacts (surgical morbidity and mortality) and long-term surgical impacts (overall and disease-free survival) were compared between the groups. RESULTS: In @entity1 with an en bloc resection of the diaphragm as compared with those who received a blunt dissection, the values of total @entity648 and the @entity3194 retention rate at 15 min were significantly better (P < 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively), and the rate of positivity for the hepatitis B antigen was significantly higher (P = 0.02). The positive rates of microscopic fibrocapsular invasion (P = 0.03), microscopic vascular invasion (P = 0.04), and Ki-67 immunostaining (P = 0.04) were significantly higher in @entity1 with an en bloc resection of the diaphragm. There were no significant differences in the short-term and long-term surgical impacts between the groups. CONCLUSION: An en bloc resection of the diaphragm in @entity1 with gross diaphragmatic involvement of @entity157 is therefore justified, since there are no significant differences in short- or long-term surgical impacts in comparison with the @entity1 receiving blunt dissection.

title: Surgical impacts of an en bloc resection of the diaphragm for XXXX with gross diaphragmatic involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Already in the 1960s the architecture and pharmacology of the brainstem @entity935 (DA) and @entity1063 (NA) neurons with formation of vast numbers of DA and NA terminal plexa of the central nervous system (CNS) indicated that they may not only communicate via synaptic transmission. In the 1980s the theory of @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) was introduced as a major communication together with synaptic transmission in the CNS. @entity1579 is an extracellular and cerebrospinal fluid transmission of chemical signals like transmitters, modulators etc. moving along energy gradients making diffusion and flow of @entity1579 signals possible. @entity1579 interacts with synaptic transmission mainly through direct receptor-receptor interactions in synaptic and extrasynaptic heteroreceptor complexes and their signaling cascades. The DA and NA neurons are specialized for extrasynaptic @entity1579 at the soma-dendrtitic and terminal level. The @entity2661 released target multiple DA and adrenergic subtypes on nerve cells, astroglia and microglia which are the major cell components of the trophic units building up the neural-glial networks of the CNS. DA and NA @entity1579 can modulate not only the strength of synaptic transmission but also the @entity1579 signaling of the astroglia and microglia of high relevance for neuron-glia interactions. The @entity5733 @entity1579 targeting astroglia can modulate the fundamental functions of astroglia observed in neuroenergetics, in the Glymphatic system, in the central renin-angiotensin system and in the production of long-distance @entity460 waves. Also the astrocytic and microglial DA and adrenergic receptor subtypes mediating DA and NA @entity1579 can be significant drug targets in neurological and @entity146 .

title: Volume Transmission in Central @entity935 and XXXX Neurons and Its Astroglial Targets.

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disease']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['volume transmission', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['Noradrenaline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Already in the 1960s the architecture and pharmacology of the brainstem @entity935 (DA) and @entity1063 (NA) neurons with formation of vast numbers of DA and NA terminal plexa of the central nervous system (CNS) indicated that they may not only communicate via synaptic transmission. In the 1980s the theory of @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) was introduced as a major communication together with synaptic transmission in the CNS. @entity1579 is an extracellular and cerebrospinal fluid transmission of chemical signals like transmitters, modulators etc. moving along energy gradients making diffusion and flow of @entity1579 signals possible. @entity1579 interacts with synaptic transmission mainly through direct receptor-receptor interactions in synaptic and extrasynaptic heteroreceptor complexes and their signaling cascades. The DA and NA neurons are specialized for extrasynaptic @entity1579 at the soma-dendrtitic and terminal level. The @entity2661 released target multiple DA and adrenergic subtypes on nerve cells, astroglia and microglia which are the major cell components of the trophic units building up the neural-glial networks of the CNS. DA and NA @entity1579 can modulate not only the strength of synaptic transmission but also the @entity1579 signaling of the astroglia and microglia of high relevance for neuron-glia interactions. The @entity5733 @entity1579 targeting astroglia can modulate the fundamental functions of astroglia observed in neuroenergetics, in the Glymphatic system, in the central renin-angiotensin system and in the production of long-distance @entity460 waves. Also the astrocytic and microglial DA and adrenergic receptor subtypes mediating DA and NA @entity1579 can be significant drug targets in neurological and @entity146 .

title: Volume Transmission in Central XXXX and @entity1063 Neurons and Its Astroglial Targets.

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the @entity14962 ( @entity14962 ), a new instrument developed on the Eastern concepts of affliction, and equanimity in a new sample involving @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 300 @entity1 with @entity5 in Singapore. The @entity1 completed the @entity14962 , WHO-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5), and @entity308 ( @entity308 ). Thirty-two @entity1 participated in the 2-week retest. RESULTS: Mixed findings were obtained from the original seven-factor model in our sample: six factors had acceptable internal reliabilities (Cronbach's a; range, 0.657-0.809), and construct validities were partially supported. Factor analysis suggested three factors: Blissful-self (a   =   0.874), Disturbed-self (a   =   0.885) and Embittered-others (a   =   0.709). The novel factors demonstrated good test-retest reliability (ICC; range, 0.894-0.930) and construct validities, which were shown by significant correlations with @entity308 and WHO-5 in the predicted directions. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first step taken to validate a scale that is essential in the development of culturally appropriate psychosocial interventions to support and promote personal well-being of @entity5 @entity1 . The findings suggest that the three-factor model may be more applicable to the Singapore context, but it does not necessarily invalidate the original @entity14962 . The results were discussed in terms of the meaning of the original @entity14962 factors and cultural differences in coping behaviors between Singapore and Hong Kong, though both are Asian countries. The @entity14962 could be further tested in other Asian populations as achieving holistic well-being is a common goal for @entity1 in many cultures.

title: Validation of Chinese and English versions of the Holistic Well-being Scale in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14962 :: ('MESH:C536693', 'Disease') :: ['Holistic Well-Being Scale', 'HWS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['HADS', 'Hospital Anxiety and Depressions Scale']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the @entity14962 ( @entity14962 ), a new instrument developed on the Eastern concepts of affliction, and equanimity in a new sample involving @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 300 @entity1 with @entity5 in Singapore. The @entity1 completed the @entity14962 , WHO-5 Well-Being Index (WHO-5), and @entity308 ( @entity308 ). Thirty-two @entity1 participated in the 2-week retest. RESULTS: Mixed findings were obtained from the original seven-factor model in our sample: six factors had acceptable internal reliabilities (Cronbach's a; range, 0.657-0.809), and construct validities were partially supported. Factor analysis suggested three factors: Blissful-self (a   =   0.874), Disturbed-self (a   =   0.885) and Embittered-others (a   =   0.709). The novel factors demonstrated good test-retest reliability (ICC; range, 0.894-0.930) and construct validities, which were shown by significant correlations with @entity308 and WHO-5 in the predicted directions. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first step taken to validate a scale that is essential in the development of culturally appropriate psychosocial interventions to support and promote personal well-being of @entity5 @entity1 . The findings suggest that the three-factor model may be more applicable to the Singapore context, but it does not necessarily invalidate the original @entity14962 . The results were discussed in terms of the meaning of the original @entity14962 factors and cultural differences in coping behaviors between Singapore and Hong Kong, though both are Asian countries. The @entity14962 could be further tested in other Asian populations as achieving holistic well-being is a common goal for @entity1 in many cultures.

title: Validation of Chinese and English versions of the Holistic Well-being Scale in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) are highly prevalent in population. However, the effect of @entity2812 on outpatients with @entity24265 without @entity146 comorbidity has not been studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled design. METHOD: Eighty @entity1 (all @entity1 ) were washed out from all medications. Each @entity1 was randomized either to receive @entity2812 (40 @entity1 ) for 12 weeks or matched on placebo (40 @entity1 ) in a double-blind manner. Eligible @entity1 , in addition to meeting the criteria for @entity24265 from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , 4th Edition, Text Revision, were required to be between 18 and 65 years. Response was defined as a 50% reduction in the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale. Response effects with @entity2812 and placebo were compared by using analysis of variance and      tests. Six @entity1 did not return for at least 1 subsequent assessment, and 74 @entity1 dropped out (36 taking @entity2812 and 38 taking placebo) in the valuables study group. RESULTS: Of the 36 @entity2812 -treated @entity1 , 26 responded by 12 weeks versus 6 of the 38 placebo-treated @entity1 (P < 0.001). The most common and problematic adverse effect in the @entity2812 group was @entity1910 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe this to be the first double-blind placebo-controlled randomization study to test the efficacy of @entity2812 in the management of outpatients with @entity74 . These need to be replicated in a larger study group.

title: @entity2812 in the immediate treatment of outpatients with XXXX without @entity146 comorbidity: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['DPDs', 'Depersonalization disorders']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['depersonalization disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) are highly prevalent in population. However, the effect of @entity2812 on outpatients with @entity24265 without @entity146 comorbidity has not been studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled design. METHOD: Eighty @entity1 (all @entity1 ) were washed out from all medications. Each @entity1 was randomized either to receive @entity2812 (40 @entity1 ) for 12 weeks or matched on placebo (40 @entity1 ) in a double-blind manner. Eligible @entity1 , in addition to meeting the criteria for @entity24265 from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , 4th Edition, Text Revision, were required to be between 18 and 65 years. Response was defined as a 50% reduction in the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale. Response effects with @entity2812 and placebo were compared by using analysis of variance and      tests. Six @entity1 did not return for at least 1 subsequent assessment, and 74 @entity1 dropped out (36 taking @entity2812 and 38 taking placebo) in the valuables study group. RESULTS: Of the 36 @entity2812 -treated @entity1 , 26 responded by 12 weeks versus 6 of the 38 placebo-treated @entity1 (P < 0.001). The most common and problematic adverse effect in the @entity2812 group was @entity1910 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe this to be the first double-blind placebo-controlled randomization study to test the efficacy of @entity2812 in the management of outpatients with @entity74 . These need to be replicated in a larger study group.

title: @entity2812 in the immediate treatment of outpatients with @entity74 without XXXX comorbidity: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity74 ( @entity74 ) are highly prevalent in population. However, the effect of @entity2812 on outpatients with @entity24265 without @entity146 comorbidity has not been studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled design. METHOD: Eighty @entity1 (all @entity1 ) were washed out from all medications. Each @entity1 was randomized either to receive @entity2812 (40 @entity1 ) for 12 weeks or matched on placebo (40 @entity1 ) in a double-blind manner. Eligible @entity1 , in addition to meeting the criteria for @entity24265 from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , 4th Edition, Text Revision, were required to be between 18 and 65 years. Response was defined as a 50% reduction in the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale. Response effects with @entity2812 and placebo were compared by using analysis of variance and      tests. Six @entity1 did not return for at least 1 subsequent assessment, and 74 @entity1 dropped out (36 taking @entity2812 and 38 taking placebo) in the valuables study group. RESULTS: Of the 36 @entity2812 -treated @entity1 , 26 responded by 12 weeks versus 6 of the 38 placebo-treated @entity1 (P < 0.001). The most common and problematic adverse effect in the @entity2812 group was @entity1910 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors believe this to be the first double-blind placebo-controlled randomization study to test the efficacy of @entity2812 in the management of outpatients with @entity74 . These need to be replicated in a larger study group.

title: XXXX in the immediate treatment of outpatients with @entity74 without @entity146 comorbidity: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity2812 :: (MESH:C047781,Chemical) :: ['Lamotrigine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cloth masks to medical masks in hospital @entity12767 ( @entity12767 ). The null hypothesis is that there is no difference between medical masks and cloth masks. SETTING: 14 secondary-level/tertiary-level hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. @entity1 : 1607 hospital @entity12767 aged >= 18   years working full-time in selected high-risk wards. INTERVENTION: Hospital wards were randomised to: medical masks, cloth masks or a control group (usual practice, which included mask wearing). @entity1 used the mask on every shift for 4 consecutive weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical @entity1576 (CRI), @entity683 ( @entity683 ) and laboratory-confirmed @entity1729 . RESULTS: The rates of all @entity281 outcomes were highest in the cloth mask arm, with the rate of @entity683 statistically significantly higher in the cloth mask arm (relative risk (RR)=13.00, 95% CI 1.69 to 100.07) compared with the medical mask arm. Cloth masks also had significantly higher rates of @entity683 compared with the control arm. An analysis by mask use showed @entity683 (RR=6.64, 95% CI 1.45 to 28.65) and laboratory-confirmed virus (RR=1.72, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.94) were significantly higher in the cloth masks group compared with the medical masks group. Penetration of cloth masks by particles was almost 97% and medical masks 44%. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first RCT of cloth masks, and the results caution against the use of cloth masks. This is an important finding to inform occupational health and safety. Moisture retention, reuse of cloth masks and poor filtration may result in increased risk of @entity281 . Further research is needed to inform the widespread use of cloth masks globally. However, as a precautionary measure, cloth masks should not be recommended for @entity12767 , particularly in high-risk situations, and guidelines need to be updated. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000887077.

title: A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity12767 :: ('MESH:D000382', 'Disease') :: ['HCWs', 'healthcare workers']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza-like illness', 'ILI']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory virus infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

answer: @entity12767 :: (MESH:D000382,Disease) :: ['healthcare workers']


abstract: Findings from studies examining interactions between fat taste and dietary fat intake or body weight are mixed. A convenience sample of 735 visitors to the Denver Museum of Nature _ Science >= 8 years old rated the taste intensity of edible taste strips impregnated with varying concentrations (%v/v) of @entity4722 (LA) (blank = 0.0, low = 0.06, medium = 0.15, high = 0.38). Percent body fat (BF%) was measured using bioelectrical impedance. Fat taste intensity was rated as significantly different across all concentrations (P < 0.001) except between the blank and low concentrations (P = 0.1). Ratings increased monotonically across concentrations. @entity1 (<18 years; N = 180) rated all concentrations as more intense than adults (P < 0.001 for all). @entity1 and @entity1 rated the highest concentration as more intense than @entity1 and @entity1 (P < 0.02 for all). BF% was not correlated with fat taste intensity ratings. Self-reported dietary intake indicated that @entity28 individuals' intensity ratings for medium and high concentrations of LA were inversely related to recent mono- and poly-unsaturated fat exposure (r = -0.19 to -0.27; P < 0.03 for all). No such associations were observed in the nonobese group. Findings suggest that factors other than simple adiposity status influence fat taste intensity ratings, and that @entity1 in fat taste studies should receive standardized meals prior to testing.

title: No Difference in Perceived Intensity of XXXX in the Oral Cavity between Obese and Nonobese Individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Children', 'Women', 'girls', 'boys', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['Linoleic Acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An 82-year-old @entity1 came to consultation with sudden @entity227 . Fifteen days before, she complained of @entity892 . She had doubtful symptoms of @entity226 and showed a normal physical exam. Lab results showed erythrosedimentation rate (ESR) = 62  mm/1  h; @entity5507 = 0.56  g/dl (normal <0.45); serum @entity1011 = 1.7  mg% (normal <1.4); low @entity460 and @entity3151 ; and normal urine @entity460 and serous @entity461 . Fundus exam and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed normality of optic nerves, chiasma, retrochiasmatic area, ocular muscles, eyeballs, lacrimal glands, periorbital fat, cavernous sinuses, and occipital cortex. A @entity226 was suspected; therefore, a biopsy was carried on. It showed the presence of large @entity460 deposits in the artery's tunica media and internal elastic lamina, with narrowing of the lumen, with no @entity32 and multinuclear giant cells. Histological diagnosis is @entity13375 . Although @entity13375 is a well-described entity that occurs in end-stage renal @entity1 , many cases are due to non-uremic causes. To date, there are only six cases described in literature of @entity13375 mimicking GCA.

title: @entity13375 of the temporal artery masquerading as XXXX : a case presentation and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss in her left eye']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis', 'temporal arteritis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity13375 :: ('MESH:D002115', 'Disease') :: ['calciphylaxis']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['temporal arteritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An 82-year-old @entity1 came to consultation with sudden @entity227 . Fifteen days before, she complained of @entity892 . She had doubtful symptoms of @entity226 and showed a normal physical exam. Lab results showed erythrosedimentation rate (ESR) = 62  mm/1  h; @entity5507 = 0.56  g/dl (normal <0.45); serum @entity1011 = 1.7  mg% (normal <1.4); low @entity460 and @entity3151 ; and normal urine @entity460 and serous @entity461 . Fundus exam and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed normality of optic nerves, chiasma, retrochiasmatic area, ocular muscles, eyeballs, lacrimal glands, periorbital fat, cavernous sinuses, and occipital cortex. A @entity226 was suspected; therefore, a biopsy was carried on. It showed the presence of large @entity460 deposits in the artery's tunica media and internal elastic lamina, with narrowing of the lumen, with no @entity32 and multinuclear giant cells. Histological diagnosis is @entity13375 . Although @entity13375 is a well-described entity that occurs in end-stage renal @entity1 , many cases are due to non-uremic causes. To date, there are only six cases described in literature of @entity13375 mimicking GCA.

title: XXXX of the temporal artery masquerading as @entity226 : a case presentation and review of the literature.

answer: @entity13375 :: (MESH:D002115,Disease) :: ['Calciphylaxis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Basic animal research. OBJECTIVE: Cervical spondylotic @entity602 is a common condition among elderly and often treated by surgery. To explore possibility of pharmacologic treatment, limaprost alfadex, a @entity5015 derivative with vasodilatory and antiplatelet action, was tried in a @entity35 chronic @entity1745 model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Limaprost increased the blood flow of cauda equina and improved motor functions in animal models of @entity2649 . The drug is clinically used to treat neurogenic @entity613 . METHODS: : Forty-two @entity35 were allocated to four groups: (A) sham operation without permanent @entity1745 , given 5 mL/kg of distilled water twice a day (n = 6); (B) sham operation, receiving 300  g/kg limaprost twice a day (n = 6); (C) @entity1745 , receiving the vehicle (n = 15); and (D) @entity1745 receiving the drug (n = 15). A thin @entity2636 sheet that expands by absorbing water was implanted under the C5-C6 laminae to produce @entity1745 . For sham operation, the sheet was immediately removed. Exercise tests were repeated on a rotating treadmill until 26 weeks after surgery, and then the animals were killed and the spinal cord harvested for motor neurons counts. RESULTS.: Treadmill endurance (seconds, mean    standard error of mean) 2 weeks after surgery was 497.7    2.3, 434.5    65.5, 423.1    33.0, and 480.5    19.5 in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. At 26th week, the duration was 497.7    2.3, 421.2    78.8, 21.3    11.7, and 441.3    40.4 (P < 0.0001 for the decrease in C group, multivariate analysis of variance with correction for multiple measures.) The motor neuron counts were 38.3    3.6, 38.2    2.6, 32.6    1.9, and 36.2    2.3 in groups A, B, C, and D (P = 0.34), respectively. CONCLUSION: Limaprost alfadex prevented decline of forced locomotion capability in @entity35 with chronic compression of the cervical cord.

title: Limaprost alfadex, a XXXX derivative, prevents deterioration of forced exercise capability in @entity35 with chronic compression of the spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar stenosis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression', 'cord compression']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity5015 :: (MESH:D000527,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E1']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Basic animal research. OBJECTIVE: Cervical spondylotic @entity602 is a common condition among elderly and often treated by surgery. To explore possibility of pharmacologic treatment, limaprost alfadex, a @entity5015 derivative with vasodilatory and antiplatelet action, was tried in a @entity35 chronic @entity1745 model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Limaprost increased the blood flow of cauda equina and improved motor functions in animal models of @entity2649 . The drug is clinically used to treat neurogenic @entity613 . METHODS: : Forty-two @entity35 were allocated to four groups: (A) sham operation without permanent @entity1745 , given 5 mL/kg of distilled water twice a day (n = 6); (B) sham operation, receiving 300  g/kg limaprost twice a day (n = 6); (C) @entity1745 , receiving the vehicle (n = 15); and (D) @entity1745 receiving the drug (n = 15). A thin @entity2636 sheet that expands by absorbing water was implanted under the C5-C6 laminae to produce @entity1745 . For sham operation, the sheet was immediately removed. Exercise tests were repeated on a rotating treadmill until 26 weeks after surgery, and then the animals were killed and the spinal cord harvested for motor neurons counts. RESULTS.: Treadmill endurance (seconds, mean    standard error of mean) 2 weeks after surgery was 497.7    2.3, 434.5    65.5, 423.1    33.0, and 480.5    19.5 in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. At 26th week, the duration was 497.7    2.3, 421.2    78.8, 21.3    11.7, and 441.3    40.4 (P < 0.0001 for the decrease in C group, multivariate analysis of variance with correction for multiple measures.) The motor neuron counts were 38.3    3.6, 38.2    2.6, 32.6    1.9, and 36.2    2.3 in groups A, B, C, and D (P = 0.34), respectively. CONCLUSION: Limaprost alfadex prevented decline of forced locomotion capability in @entity35 with chronic compression of the cervical cord.

title: Limaprost alfadex, a @entity5015 derivative, prevents deterioration of forced exercise capability in XXXX with chronic compression of the spinal cord.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite an increase in the proportion of female medical school graduates, the number of @entity1 in orthopedic surgery remains low. To examine the presence of gender disparities in scholarly production, the authors used the Hirsch index (h-index) to assess members of the @entity85 Society (MSTS), a well-defined subspecialty of orthopedic surgery. DESIGN: Using the MSTS Membership Directory, the authors assessed those practicing at an academic institution in the United States. Members*  sex and rank was obtained from their department's website, and their h-index and years since initial publication was collected from the Scopus database. SETTING: Research was performed at New Jersey Medical School, an institution, using online databases. @entity1 : A total of 247 members of the MSTS were eligible, of whom 125 practiced at a US academic medical center and were included in the study. RESULTS: The MSTS is composed of 247 members, 28 (11%) of whom are @entity1 . Within US academic medical centers, there are 125 members, including 17 (14%) @entity1 . Mean h-indices increased with rising academic rank from 5.42 for assistant professors to 19.28 for professors. Publication ranges showed an increase from 11.03 years for assistant professors to 29.52 years for professors. The h-index and publication years of chairpersons were nearly equal to those of professors. Using the h-index, it was found that @entity1 outproduce @entity1 -13.4:7.9. @entity1 outnumber @entity1 at every rank, increasingly so at higher ranks. The authors found that there was a significant difference in productivity between ranks (p < 0.01) and between sexes (p = 0.035), but not between sexes at the assistant professor, associate professor, or professor levels (p = 0.147, 0.581, and 0.263, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The h-index shows differing production among the sexes and ranks in the MSTS. No significant difference exists between the sexes when members are organized by academic title.

title: Gender Comparison of Scholarly Production in the XXXX Society Using the Hirsch Index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumor']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The ability of @entity5 cells to autonomously generate @entity5 vessels has received considerable attention in recent years. However, the degree of autonomy is relative. Meanwhile, the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on @entity5 neovascularization has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to illuminate whether cell fusion between @entity11 stem cells and BMSC is involved in @entity11 . BMSCs were isolated from transgenic @entity19 , of which all nucleated cells express green fluorescent protein (GFP). The immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation potential of BMSC were confirmed. SU3 @entity11 stem/progenitor cells were transfected with red fluorescent protein (SU3- @entity11432 cells). In a co-culture system of BMSC-GFP and SU3- @entity11432 , @entity11432 +/GFP+ cells were detected and isolated by dual colors using @entity10062 . The angiogenic effect of @entity11432 +/GFP+ cells was determined in vivo and in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis showed that BMSC expressed high levels of @entity31973 , C44, and very low levels of @entity8236 and @entity3804 . When co-cultured with SU3- @entity11432 , 73.8% of cells co-expressing @entity11432 and GFP were identified as fused cells in the 5th generation. The fused cells exhibited tube formation ability in vitro and could give rise to a solid @entity5 and form @entity5 blood vessels in vivo. In the dual-color orthotopic model of transplantable xenograft @entity11 that expressed @entity31973 , @entity11432 and GFP were identified as de novo-formed vessels derived from the fused cells. The yellow vessels observed in the @entity5 -bearing @entity19 directly arose from the fusion of BMSCs and SU3- @entity11432 cells. Thus, cell fusion is one of the driving factors for @entity5 neovascularization.

title: Fusion of XXXX stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells contributes to @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'glioma neovascularization', 'glioma, yellow vessel-like structures']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The ability of @entity5 cells to autonomously generate @entity5 vessels has received considerable attention in recent years. However, the degree of autonomy is relative. Meanwhile, the effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on @entity5 neovascularization has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to illuminate whether cell fusion between @entity11 stem cells and BMSC is involved in @entity11 . BMSCs were isolated from transgenic @entity19 , of which all nucleated cells express green fluorescent protein (GFP). The immunophenotype and multilineage differentiation potential of BMSC were confirmed. SU3 @entity11 stem/progenitor cells were transfected with red fluorescent protein (SU3- @entity11432 cells). In a co-culture system of BMSC-GFP and SU3- @entity11432 , @entity11432 +/GFP+ cells were detected and isolated by dual colors using @entity10062 . The angiogenic effect of @entity11432 +/GFP+ cells was determined in vivo and in vitro. Flow cytometry analysis showed that BMSC expressed high levels of @entity31973 , C44, and very low levels of @entity8236 and @entity3804 . When co-cultured with SU3- @entity11432 , 73.8% of cells co-expressing @entity11432 and GFP were identified as fused cells in the 5th generation. The fused cells exhibited tube formation ability in vitro and could give rise to a solid @entity5 and form @entity5 blood vessels in vivo. In the dual-color orthotopic model of transplantable xenograft @entity11 that expressed @entity31973 , @entity11432 and GFP were identified as de novo-formed vessels derived from the fused cells. The yellow vessels observed in the @entity5 -bearing @entity19 directly arose from the fusion of BMSCs and SU3- @entity11432 cells. Thus, cell fusion is one of the driving factors for @entity5 neovascularization.

title: Fusion of @entity5 stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells contributes to XXXX .

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma neovascularization']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Vascular access is essential to end-stage @entity177 @entity1 requiring haemodialysis. Many @entity1 require multiple @entity292 formation attempts in order to gain good access, making secondary and tertiary @entity292 options vital. @entity292 are well established, but there is little evidence to compare the different surgical techniques in creating them. This study aimed to determine the patency and complication rates associated with these procedures. METHODS: Retrospective data was collected by reviewing case notes to determine @entity292 survival time and surgical setting. Patency, complications and required interventions were recorded for each group at three time intervals. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival for each cohort. RESULTS: 37 brachiobasilic @entity2548 were created in 35 @entity1 . 17 @entity292 were one-stage procedures; 20 @entity292 were made in two stages. Survival proportions were measured as 70.6%, 58.8% and 51.5% for the one-stage procedure and 95%, 90% and 78% for the two-stage procedure at 1 month, 1 year and 2 years respectively with p = 0.0385. DISCUSSION: Native brachiobasilic @entity292 have advantages over prosthetic grafts. There are technical aspects which make the two-staged procedure preferable, including being more amenable to a day case surgery setting. Despite this, there is a lack of relative outcome differences in the literature, thus necessitating further work. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests creation of brachiobasilic @entity292 using a two-staged procedure may result in improved patency rates. Complication rates were found to be statistically equivocal, with fistuloplasties and embolectomy shown to be effective in @entity292 salvage.

title: A comparison between one-stage and two-stage procedures for the creation of brachiobasilic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['Brachiobasilic fistulas', 'fistula', 'fistulas']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few long term studies to show the safety and efficacy of @entity1029 , especially in regards to the straight iliac branched device. The objective of our study was to add our data with a mean follow-up of 32  months to the existing data available. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing iliac bifurcation procedure either as standalone or in combination with abdominal aortic @entity439 exclusion at two vascular centers had data prospectively gathered between 2004 and 2014. Collected data was analyzed for baseline characteristics, procedural events, and clinical follow-up; variables included endoleaks, reinterventions, and internal iliac artery (IIA) closure. RESULTS: A total of 45 iliac vessels in 41 @entity1 (36 male) with a mean age of 70.4  years were treated with the iliac branched device. Procedural success was achieved in 85% (35/41) of @entity1 and 87% (39/45) vessels with no intraoperative @entity204 . Of the six technical failures, three occurred due to failure to place the straight iliac branched device or stent properly. Two occurred because of endoleaks at the end of the procedure, and one occurred because the IIA side-branch occluded and could not be reopened. The mean @entity1 follow-up was 32.0     27.3  months (range, 0-109  months). During this time period, the IIA patency rate on an intention-to-treat basis was 81%, and the freedom from endoleak rate on an intention-to-treat basis was 76% per @entity1 . The freedom from reintervention per @entity1 was 75%. No @entity1 reported symptoms of pelvic @entity63 and permanent @entity613 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study with mean follow-up of 32  months, treatment with iliac bifurcated devices is a safe and durable option in a carefully selected population of @entity1 with iliac artery bifurcation @entity439 .

title: Treatment of iliac artery bifurcation XXXX with  the second-generation straight iliac bifurcated device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['buttock claudication']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac artery aneurysm exclusion']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7271 is an autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes characterized by the development of autoantibodies against the desmosomal proteins, @entity27705 . Before the advent of @entity288 , therapy was almost fatal. The introduction of high-dose corticosteroid therapy has reduced mortality rates to     10%, but long-term use of @entity230 can lead to side effects, many of which are severe and associated with significant morbidity. Thus, the major goal of pemphigus therapy has been to reduce the @entity1 's cumulative exposure to systemic @entity288 . Over the last 2 decades, a range of corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents have been described, but these therapies are not without potentially serious complications. Despite the range of treatment options, a proportion of @entity1 do not achieve remission, while others show an initial treatment response but remain poorly controlled. The recent availability of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ), originally developed for preventing allograft rejection, appears to be effective in @entity792 in combination with systemic corticosteroid or as a monotherapy. AREAS COVERED: This review aims to provide an extensive overview of the literature on the clinical pharmacokinetics of @entity2098 in pemphigus treatment and a brief summary of current pharmacodynamic information. After completing this learning activity, readers should be able to summarize the pharmacology of @entity2098 as an immunosuppressant; recognize its potential role in the treatment of pemphigus, including general dosing guidelines and laboratory monitoring schedules, use in @entity1 populations and potential adverse effects; and identify future considerations and developing areas of research regarding the use of @entity3442 in the treatment of @entity792 . EXPERT OPINION: Current morbidity of pemphigus is largely iatrogenic, caused by side effects of the long-term, high-dose corticosteroid therapy that is necessary to sustain disease control. @entity2098 demonstrates complex pharmacokinetics and displays large between-subject pharmacokinetic variability. Experience with @entity2098 has demonstrated long-term safety and tolerability in the treatment of pemphigus.

title: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of XXXX for pemphigus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3442 :: ('MESH:D009173', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolic acid']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['Pemphigus']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune blistering diseases']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity31599 is a metabolically versatile organism that belongs to a-3 subdivision of Proteobacteria. The present study was to identify the extent, history, and role of gene duplications in @entity31599 , an organism that possesses two chromosomes. RESULTS: A protein similarity search (BLASTP) identified 1247 orfs (~29.4% of the total protein coding orfs) that are present in 2 or more copies, 37.5% (234 gene-pairs) of which exist in duplicate copies. The distribution of the duplicate gene-pairs in all Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) differed significantly when compared to the COG distribution across the whole genome. Location plots revealed clusters of gene duplications that possessed the same COG classification. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to determine a tree topology predicting either a Type-A or Type-B phylogenetic relationship. A Type-A phylogenetic relationship shows that a copy of the protein-pair matches more with an ortholog from a species closely related to @entity11704 while a Type-B relationship predicts the highest match between both copies of the @entity11704 protein-pair. The results revealed that ~77% of the proteins exhibited a Type-A phylogenetic relationship demonstrating the ancient origin of these gene duplications. Additional analyses on three other strains of @entity11704 revealed varying levels of gene loss and retention in these strains. Also, analyses on common gene pairs among the four strains revealed that these genes experience similar functional constraints and undergo purifying selection. CONCLUSIONS: Although the results suggest that the level of gene duplication in organisms with complex genome structuring (more than one chromosome) seems to be not markedly different from that in organisms with only a single chromosome, these duplications may have aided in genome reorganization in this group of eubacteria prior to the formation of @entity11704 as gene duplications involved in specialized functions might have contributed to complex genomic development.

title: The prevalence of gene duplications and their ancient origin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31599 :: ('272943', 'Species') :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1', 'R. sphaeroides 2.4.1']

answer: @entity31599 :: (272943,Species) :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1']