abstract: PURPOSE: For a comprehensive overview of the genetic alterations of @entity521 , their association and clinical significance, we conducted a whole-genome DNA copy number analysis. @entity1 AND METHODS: A series of 493 @entity521 ( @entity521 ) samples was investigated by array-based comparative genomic hybridization in two consecutive steps (224, then 269 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Genomic analysis identified several types of profiles. Tumors presenting exclusively whole-chromosome copy number variations were associated with excellent survival. No @entity204 was observed in this group. In contrast, @entity5 with any @entity1347 characterized @entity1 with a high risk of relapse. @entity1 with both numerical and @entity1347 clearly shared the higher risk of relapse of @entity1347 @entity1 . In a multivariate analysis, taking into account the genomic profile, but also previously described individual genetic and clinical markers with prognostic significance, the presence of segmental alterations with (HR, 7.3; 95% CI, 3.7 to 14.5; P < .001) or without @entity4180 amplification (HR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.4 to 8.4; P < .001) was the strongest predictor of relapse; the other significant variables were age older than 18 months (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.8; P = .004) and stage 4 (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.7; P = .005). Finally, within @entity5 showing segmental alterations, stage 4, age, @entity4180 amplification, 1p and 11q deletions, and 1q gain were independent predictors of decreased overall survival. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the overall genomic pattern, which probably unravels particular genomic instability mechanisms rather than the analysis of individual markers, is essential to predict relapse in @entity521 @entity1 . It adds critical prognostic information to conventional markers and should be included in future treatment stratification.

title: Overall genomic pattern is a predictor of outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental-only', 'type of segmental chromosome alterations', 'segmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['disease-related death']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a randomized, double-blind, prospective study, we have evaluated the effect of i.v. infusion of @entity2400 during spinal anaesthesia on postoperative @entity1337 and postoperative analgesic requirements. METHODS: Forty @entity1 undergoing total hip replacement arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia were included. After the induction of spinal anaesthesia, the @entity1760 group (Group M) received @entity2400 50 mg kg(-1) for 15 min and then 15 mg kg(-1) h(-1) by continuous i.v. infusion until the end of surgery. The saline group (Group S) received the same volume of isotonic saline over the same period. After surgery, a @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 (PCA) device containing @entity1286 and @entity6058 was provided for the @entity1 . @entity282 scores, PCA consumption, and the incidences of shivering, postoperative @entity1209 were evaluated immediately after surgery, and at 30 min, 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Serum @entity1760 concentrations were checked before the induction of anaesthesia, immediately after surgery, and at 1 and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: @entity282 scores were significantly lower in Group M at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery (P<0.05). Cumulative @entity86 were also significantly lower in Group M at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery (P<0.05). Postoperative @entity1760 concentrations were higher in Group M (P<0.05 at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery), but no side-effects associated with hypermagnesemia were observed. Haemodynamic variables and the incidences of shivering, @entity1209 were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: I.V. @entity2400 administration during spinal anaesthesia improves postoperative @entity1337 .

title: I.V. infusion of @entity2400 during spinal anaesthesia improves postoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea, and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative PCA consumptions']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a randomized, double-blind, prospective study, we have evaluated the effect of i.v. infusion of @entity2400 during spinal anaesthesia on postoperative @entity1337 and postoperative analgesic requirements. METHODS: Forty @entity1 undergoing total hip replacement arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia were included. After the induction of spinal anaesthesia, the @entity1760 group (Group M) received @entity2400 50 mg kg(-1) for 15 min and then 15 mg kg(-1) h(-1) by continuous i.v. infusion until the end of surgery. The saline group (Group S) received the same volume of isotonic saline over the same period. After surgery, a @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 (PCA) device containing @entity1286 and @entity6058 was provided for the @entity1 . @entity282 scores, PCA consumption, and the incidences of shivering, postoperative @entity1209 were evaluated immediately after surgery, and at 30 min, 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Serum @entity1760 concentrations were checked before the induction of anaesthesia, immediately after surgery, and at 1 and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: @entity282 scores were significantly lower in Group M at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery (P<0.05). Cumulative @entity86 were also significantly lower in Group M at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery (P<0.05). Postoperative @entity1760 concentrations were higher in Group M (P<0.05 at 4, 24, and 48 h after surgery), but no side-effects associated with hypermagnesemia were observed. Haemodynamic variables and the incidences of shivering, @entity1209 were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: I.V. @entity2400 administration during spinal anaesthesia improves postoperative @entity1337 .

title: I.V. infusion of XXXX during spinal anaesthesia improves postoperative @entity1337 .

answer: @entity2400 :: (CHEBI:32599,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To correlate neuropsychological outcome in @entity1 after severe traumatic @entity542 , with neurophysiological and neuroradiological data collected during the intensive care unit (ICU) period of care. METHODS: @entity1 admitted to Waikato Hospital ICU with severe traumatic @entity542 were studied. Respiratory difficulty at the accident site, admission Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS), anatomic traumatic brain disruption as quantified by a cerebral computed tomography score, prolongation of the central conduction time (CCT) of somatosensory evoked potentials and the percentage time that the cerebral perfusion pressure was less than 70 mmHg (%CPP < 70) were measured. Neuropsychological outcome was assessed, in terms of cognitive and behavioural function, by the Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) test (performed by the @entity1 ) and @entity542 Behaviour rating scale (HIBS, performed by their caregiver) respectively, one year following injury. RESULTS: Sixty-eight @entity1 with a median post-resuscitation GCS of 6 were able to complete the neuropsychological follow up. Most @entity1 had significantly impaired cognitive and behavioural function (mean COWA = 32 and HIBS = 9.7). Cognitive function did not correlate significantly with behavioural function (COWA vs HIBS, r = -0.14, p = 0.27). There were no significant correlations between either GCS (r = 0.15, p = 0.28) or estimates of respiratory difficulty at the accident scene and neuropsychological outcome. Poor cognitive outcome (COWA) was correlated with %CPP < 70 (r =-0.41, p = 0.005) and prolonged CCT (r = 0.26, p = 0.03). There was an insignificant correlation between the CT score and cognitive outcome (frontal lobe score vs COWA, r = -0.12, p = 0.33). However, the group of @entity1 with the most severe @entity131 tended to have a worse behavioural outcome as assessed by the HIBS. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioural outcome as quantified by the caregiver (HIBS) does not correlate well with the degree of @entity73 as measured directly from the @entity1 (COWA). Severely head injured @entity1 with poor neurophysiological indicators (%CPP < 70 or prolonged CCT) have a poor neuropsychological outcome. However, anatomical disruption of the brain as estimated by the frontal lobe CT score correlated poorly with outcome.

title: Cognitive and psychosocial outcome in survivors of severe XXXX : correlations with cerebral perfusion pressure, frontal lobe damage and somatosensory evoked potentials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head Injury', 'head injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1663 ( @entity1663 ) is an @entity792 mediated by T lymphocytes. Many treatments have been used but their results remain disappointing. There is a need to propose new therapeutic alternatives. METHODS: During a period of 3 years, 26 @entity1 with recalcitrant or severe @entity1663 (>40% hair loss) were enrolled in an open-label uncontrolled clinical trial. According to the response to @entity3378 , @entity1 were grouped into 3 categories: no hair regrowth (< 10% terminal hair), partial hair regrowth (10%-90% terminal hair), and complete hair regrowth (90%-100% terminal hair). Efficacy evaluation was performed with clinical examination. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 completed the treatment. Overall, 68.2% (15 of 22 @entity1 ) responded to therapy: 27.3% (6 of 22 @entity1 ) achieved complete hair regrowth, and 40.9% had partial hair regrowth. Seven (31.8%) @entity1 had no hair regrowth. Of the 22 @entity1 with complete and partial remission, 10 (45.5%) suffered a partial or complete relapse. Side effects following treatment were seen in 7 (31.8%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity3378 could be considered as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of @entity1663 , because of its safety profile, cosmetically acceptable efficacy, and good tolerability.

title: An uncontrolled, open label study of XXXX in severe alopecia areata.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine', 'Sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity1663 :: ('MESH:D000506', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'Alopecia areata']

answer: @entity3378 :: (MESH:D012460,Chemical) :: ['sulfasalazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resistance to activated @entity7131 due to the factor V @entity54821 (Leiden) mutation is the most common clotting abnormality in @entity1 with @entity1211 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk for @entity1211 associated with the @entity5337 mutation or with resistance to activated @entity7131 in the general population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: General community of Vicenza, Italy. @entity1 : A population-based sample of 15,109 white @entity1 18 to 65 years of age who were randomly selected from the census list. MEASUREMENTS: Sequential validated approach based on @entity1 ' reports and Doppler ultrasonography. Resistance to activated @entity7131 was investigated in all @entity1 ; 2134 @entity1 with resistance to activated @entity7131 were screened for the @entity5337 mutation. RESULTS: Carriers of the @entity5337 mutation had a relative risk of 3.3 (95% CI, 1.7 to 6.1) for @entity1211 before 65 years of age. The fraction of cases attributable to the @entity5337 mutation was 6.6%. By 65 years of age, 5.7% of carriers of the mutation had had @entity1211 , mostly after surgery. @entity1 with a reduced response to activated @entity7131 were at higher risk even if they did not carry the mutation (odds ratio, 1.7 [CI, 1.0 to 2.7]); the attributable risk for @entity1211 was 5.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5337 mutation and resistance to activated @entity7131 are important, independent risk factors for @entity1211 . Screening strategies for the @entity5337 mutation in @entity1 undergoing surgery or experiencing @entity130 cannot be recommended, but phenotypic evaluation of resistance to activated @entity7131 should be encouraged in @entity1 with @entity1211 .

title: Activated protein C resistance and @entity5337 mutation are independent risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['major trauma']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resistance to activated @entity7131 due to the factor V @entity54821 (Leiden) mutation is the most common clotting abnormality in @entity1 with @entity1211 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk for @entity1211 associated with the @entity5337 mutation or with resistance to activated @entity7131 in the general population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: General community of Vicenza, Italy. @entity1 : A population-based sample of 15,109 white @entity1 18 to 65 years of age who were randomly selected from the census list. MEASUREMENTS: Sequential validated approach based on @entity1 ' reports and Doppler ultrasonography. Resistance to activated @entity7131 was investigated in all @entity1 ; 2134 @entity1 with resistance to activated @entity7131 were screened for the @entity5337 mutation. RESULTS: Carriers of the @entity5337 mutation had a relative risk of 3.3 (95% CI, 1.7 to 6.1) for @entity1211 before 65 years of age. The fraction of cases attributable to the @entity5337 mutation was 6.6%. By 65 years of age, 5.7% of carriers of the mutation had had @entity1211 , mostly after surgery. @entity1 with a reduced response to activated @entity7131 were at higher risk even if they did not carry the mutation (odds ratio, 1.7 [CI, 1.0 to 2.7]); the attributable risk for @entity1211 was 5.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5337 mutation and resistance to activated @entity7131 are important, independent risk factors for @entity1211 . Screening strategies for the @entity5337 mutation in @entity1 undergoing surgery or experiencing @entity130 cannot be recommended, but phenotypic evaluation of resistance to activated @entity7131 should be encouraged in @entity1 with @entity1211 .

title: Activated protein C resistance and XXXX mutation are independent risk factors for @entity1211 .

answer: @entity5337 :: (2153,Gene) :: ['factor V Leiden']


abstract: The glucagon-stimulated transcription of the cytosolic @entity7954 carboxykinase-1 ( @entity23887 ) gene is mediated by @entity268 and positively modulated by @entity26 in primary hepatocytes. @entity35 hepatocytes were transfected with constructs containing the first 2500, 493 or 281 bp of the @entity23887 5'-flanking region in front of the @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. With all three constructs glucagon induced CAT activity with decreasing efficiency maximally under arterial @entity4095 and to about 65% under venous @entity4095 . @entity35 hepatocytes were then transfected with constructs containing the first 493 bp of the @entity23887 5'-flanking region in front of the luciferase (LUC) reporter gene, which were block-mutated at the CRE1 ( @entity268 -response element-1; -93/-86), putative CRE2 (-146/-139), promoter element (P) 1 (-118/-104), P2 (-193/-181) or P4 (-291/-273) sites. Glucagon induced LUC activity strongly when the P1 and P2 sites were mutated and weakly when the P4 site was mutated; induction of the @entity10298 mutants was positively modulated by the @entity4095 . Glucagon also induced LUC activity strongly when the putative CRE2 site was altered; however, induction of the CRE2 mutant was not modulated by the @entity4095 . Glucagon did not induce LUC activity when the CRE1 site was modified. These experiments suggested that the CRE1 but not the putative CRE2 was an essential site necessary for the @entity268 -mediated @entity23887 gene activation by glucagon and that the putative CRE2 site was involved in the @entity26 -dependent modulation of @entity23887 gene activation. To confirm these conclusions @entity35 hepatocytes were transfected with @entity2235 (SV40)-promoter-driven LUC-gene constructs containing three CRE1 sequences (-95/-84), three CRE2 sequences (-148/-137) or three CRE1 sequences plus two CRE2 sequences of the @entity23887 gene in front of the SV40 promoter. Glucagon induced LUC activity markedly when the CRE1, but not when the CRE2, sites were in front of the SV40-LUC gene; however, induction of the (CRE1)3SV40-LUC constructs was not modulated by the @entity4095 . Glucagon also induced LUC activity very strongly when the CRE1 and CRE2 sites were combined; induction of the (CRE1)3(CRE2)2SV40-LUC constructs was positively modulated by the @entity4095 . These findings corroborated that sequences of the putative CRE2 site were responsible for the modulation by @entity26 of the CRE1-dependent induction by glucagon of @entity23887 gene transcription.

title: Identification of an XXXX -responsive element in the 5'-flanking sequence of the @entity35 cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 gene, modulating its glucagon-dependent activation.

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The glucagon-stimulated transcription of the cytosolic @entity7954 carboxykinase-1 ( @entity23887 ) gene is mediated by @entity268 and positively modulated by @entity26 in primary hepatocytes. @entity35 hepatocytes were transfected with constructs containing the first 2500, 493 or 281 bp of the @entity23887 5'-flanking region in front of the @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. With all three constructs glucagon induced CAT activity with decreasing efficiency maximally under arterial @entity4095 and to about 65% under venous @entity4095 . @entity35 hepatocytes were then transfected with constructs containing the first 493 bp of the @entity23887 5'-flanking region in front of the luciferase (LUC) reporter gene, which were block-mutated at the CRE1 ( @entity268 -response element-1; -93/-86), putative CRE2 (-146/-139), promoter element (P) 1 (-118/-104), P2 (-193/-181) or P4 (-291/-273) sites. Glucagon induced LUC activity strongly when the P1 and P2 sites were mutated and weakly when the P4 site was mutated; induction of the @entity10298 mutants was positively modulated by the @entity4095 . Glucagon also induced LUC activity strongly when the putative CRE2 site was altered; however, induction of the CRE2 mutant was not modulated by the @entity4095 . Glucagon did not induce LUC activity when the CRE1 site was modified. These experiments suggested that the CRE1 but not the putative CRE2 was an essential site necessary for the @entity268 -mediated @entity23887 gene activation by glucagon and that the putative CRE2 site was involved in the @entity26 -dependent modulation of @entity23887 gene activation. To confirm these conclusions @entity35 hepatocytes were transfected with @entity2235 (SV40)-promoter-driven LUC-gene constructs containing three CRE1 sequences (-95/-84), three CRE2 sequences (-148/-137) or three CRE1 sequences plus two CRE2 sequences of the @entity23887 gene in front of the SV40 promoter. Glucagon induced LUC activity markedly when the CRE1, but not when the CRE2, sites were in front of the SV40-LUC gene; however, induction of the (CRE1)3SV40-LUC constructs was not modulated by the @entity4095 . Glucagon also induced LUC activity very strongly when the CRE1 and CRE2 sites were combined; induction of the (CRE1)3(CRE2)2SV40-LUC constructs was positively modulated by the @entity4095 . These findings corroborated that sequences of the putative CRE2 site were responsible for the modulation by @entity26 of the CRE1-dependent induction by glucagon of @entity23887 gene transcription.

title: Identification of an @entity26 -responsive element in the 5'-flanking sequence of the XXXX cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-1 gene, modulating its glucagon-dependent activation.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5616 75 mg (Zantac 75) has been shown to be effective for the treatment of pre-existing @entity11068 . AIM: To compare the efficacy of dosing @entity5616 75 mg or placebo 30 min prior to a proven heartburn-provoking meal in completely preventing or reducing subsequent @entity11068 . METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, parallel methodology was used at nine investigative centres. Following a screening visit, @entity1 ate a standard test meal consisting of chili, chips and a soft drink on two occasions. On the first occasion, @entity1 received single-blind placebo 30 min before the meal. This meal was used to qualify @entity1 and to ensure the onset of a minimum level of heartburn. @entity1 who qualified were randomized (n = 284) to receive double-blind @entity5616 75 mg or placebo 30 min before a second test meal administered 4-14 days later at the treatment visit. @entity1 recorded whether heartburn was present and rated heartburn severity by completing visual analogue scales at 15-min intervals over the 4. 5 h meal evaluation periods. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences favouring @entity5616 75 mg were determined for complete prevention of heartburn (P < 0.006), heartburn severity area under the curve (P < 0.001), a clinical success end-point (P < 0.001), and all other end-points (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data clearly demonstrate that @entity5616 75 mg is effective in completely preventing or decreasing heartburn when administered 30 min prior to a provocative meal.

title: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of non-prescription XXXX 75 mg in the prevention of meal-induced heartburn.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine', 'Ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity11068 :: ('MESH:D006356', 'Disease') :: ['heartburn symptoms']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: The neutrophil is pivotal to ANCA @entity1333 pathogenesis. @entity221 frequently complicates ANCA diseases. This study investigated the effects of short-term heat exposure on apoptosis in neutrophils that were treated with @entity558 , @entity2304 , @entity3806 , and @entity619 . All compounds delayed apoptosis. Heat abrogated the apoptosis-delaying effect of @entity558 without affecting constitutive apoptosis or delayed apoptosis by @entity2304 , @entity3806 , or @entity619 . The heat effect was dose dependent over the 39 to 42 degrees C range. @entity1991 but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase, @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or @entity4357 3-kinase/ @entity1994 controlled @entity558 -delayed apoptosis. Furthermore, @entity558 -induced @entity1993 degradation, DNA binding, and @entity1991 -dependent gene transcription activation were abrogated by short-term heat. When core temperatures were raised to 40.5 degrees C for 30 min in @entity19 , @entity558 -induced neutrophil @entity1991 activation also was prevented. Short-term heat removed @entity1457 protein 90 from the IkappaB kinase complex, resulting in failure of @entity558 -induced IkappaB kinase activation. Despite delayed apoptosis, ANCA antigen expression was increased in @entity558 -treated neutrophils. ANCA antigen increase was prevented by @entity1995 inhibition and by heat exposure. Heat exposure did not inhibit @entity558 -induced @entity1995 MAPK phosphorylation. Instead, apoptosis-mediated @entity1995 degradation was accelerated, thereby decreasing the @entity1995 that was available for @entity558 -mediated ANCA antigen upregulation. These data suggest that @entity221 -like temperatures modulate neutrophil behavior in this disease.

title: XXXX -like temperatures affect neutrophil @entity1991 signaling, apoptosis, and ANCA-antigen expression.

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Fever']


abstract: The neutrophil is pivotal to ANCA @entity1333 pathogenesis. @entity221 frequently complicates ANCA diseases. This study investigated the effects of short-term heat exposure on apoptosis in neutrophils that were treated with @entity558 , @entity2304 , @entity3806 , and @entity619 . All compounds delayed apoptosis. Heat abrogated the apoptosis-delaying effect of @entity558 without affecting constitutive apoptosis or delayed apoptosis by @entity2304 , @entity3806 , or @entity619 . The heat effect was dose dependent over the 39 to 42 degrees C range. @entity1991 but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase, @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or @entity4357 3-kinase/ @entity1994 controlled @entity558 -delayed apoptosis. Furthermore, @entity558 -induced @entity1993 degradation, DNA binding, and @entity1991 -dependent gene transcription activation were abrogated by short-term heat. When core temperatures were raised to 40.5 degrees C for 30 min in @entity19 , @entity558 -induced neutrophil @entity1991 activation also was prevented. Short-term heat removed @entity1457 protein 90 from the IkappaB kinase complex, resulting in failure of @entity558 -induced IkappaB kinase activation. Despite delayed apoptosis, ANCA antigen expression was increased in @entity558 -treated neutrophils. ANCA antigen increase was prevented by @entity1995 inhibition and by heat exposure. Heat exposure did not inhibit @entity558 -induced @entity1995 MAPK phosphorylation. Instead, apoptosis-mediated @entity1995 degradation was accelerated, thereby decreasing the @entity1995 that was available for @entity558 -mediated ANCA antigen upregulation. These data suggest that @entity221 -like temperatures modulate neutrophil behavior in this disease.

title: @entity221 -like temperatures affect neutrophil XXXX signaling, apoptosis, and ANCA-antigen expression.

answer: @entity1991 :: (18033(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NF-kappaB']


abstract: Long-term treatment with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) down-regulates select @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) isozymes and may differentially affect @entity7131 substrates. We investigated the role of @entity7131 down-regulation on phosphorylation of two @entity7131 substrates, the 43 kDa growth-associated protein ( @entity13573 ) and the myristoylated @entity493 -rich C-kinase substrate ( @entity10929 ) in SK-N-SH @entity1 @entity521 cells. Cells were treated with 70 nM @entity865 for 15 min, 17 or 72 h. Phosphorylation of @entity10929 and @entity13573 was elevated throughout 72 h of @entity865 . The magnitude and peptidic sites of phosphorylation in @entity13573 and @entity10929 were similar after all @entity865 treatments. @entity13573 , but not @entity10929 , content was increased after 17 and 72 h of @entity865 . The ratio of @entity13573 phosphorylation to content was elevated throughout 17 h but returned to control by 72 h as content increased. @entity7131 epsilon and alpha isozyme content was greatly reduced after 72 h of @entity865 but membranes retained 23% of @entity7131 activity. Only @entity7131 epsilon translocated to membranes after 15 min @entity865 . @entity13573 content after 72 h of @entity865 was increased in subcellular fractions in which significant @entity7131 epsilon isozyme concentration remained. These results demonstrate that continuous @entity865 differentially affected phosphorylation of @entity7131 substrate proteins and regulation of @entity7131 isozyme content in SK-N-SH cells.

title: Continuous phosphorylation of XXXX and @entity10929 by long-term @entity865 treatment in SK-N-SH @entity1 @entity521 cells.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity13573 :: (2596,Gene) :: ['GAP-43']


abstract: Long-term treatment with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) down-regulates select @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) isozymes and may differentially affect @entity7131 substrates. We investigated the role of @entity7131 down-regulation on phosphorylation of two @entity7131 substrates, the 43 kDa growth-associated protein ( @entity13573 ) and the myristoylated @entity493 -rich C-kinase substrate ( @entity10929 ) in SK-N-SH @entity1 @entity521 cells. Cells were treated with 70 nM @entity865 for 15 min, 17 or 72 h. Phosphorylation of @entity10929 and @entity13573 was elevated throughout 72 h of @entity865 . The magnitude and peptidic sites of phosphorylation in @entity13573 and @entity10929 were similar after all @entity865 treatments. @entity13573 , but not @entity10929 , content was increased after 17 and 72 h of @entity865 . The ratio of @entity13573 phosphorylation to content was elevated throughout 17 h but returned to control by 72 h as content increased. @entity7131 epsilon and alpha isozyme content was greatly reduced after 72 h of @entity865 but membranes retained 23% of @entity7131 activity. Only @entity7131 epsilon translocated to membranes after 15 min @entity865 . @entity13573 content after 72 h of @entity865 was increased in subcellular fractions in which significant @entity7131 epsilon isozyme concentration remained. These results demonstrate that continuous @entity865 differentially affected phosphorylation of @entity7131 substrate proteins and regulation of @entity7131 isozyme content in SK-N-SH cells.

title: Continuous phosphorylation of @entity13573 and @entity10929 by long-term XXXX treatment in SK-N-SH @entity1 @entity521 cells.

answer: @entity865 :: (CHEBI:61432,Chemical) :: ['TPA']


abstract: Long-term treatment with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) down-regulates select @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) isozymes and may differentially affect @entity7131 substrates. We investigated the role of @entity7131 down-regulation on phosphorylation of two @entity7131 substrates, the 43 kDa growth-associated protein ( @entity13573 ) and the myristoylated @entity493 -rich C-kinase substrate ( @entity10929 ) in SK-N-SH @entity1 @entity521 cells. Cells were treated with 70 nM @entity865 for 15 min, 17 or 72 h. Phosphorylation of @entity10929 and @entity13573 was elevated throughout 72 h of @entity865 . The magnitude and peptidic sites of phosphorylation in @entity13573 and @entity10929 were similar after all @entity865 treatments. @entity13573 , but not @entity10929 , content was increased after 17 and 72 h of @entity865 . The ratio of @entity13573 phosphorylation to content was elevated throughout 17 h but returned to control by 72 h as content increased. @entity7131 epsilon and alpha isozyme content was greatly reduced after 72 h of @entity865 but membranes retained 23% of @entity7131 activity. Only @entity7131 epsilon translocated to membranes after 15 min @entity865 . @entity13573 content after 72 h of @entity865 was increased in subcellular fractions in which significant @entity7131 epsilon isozyme concentration remained. These results demonstrate that continuous @entity865 differentially affected phosphorylation of @entity7131 substrate proteins and regulation of @entity7131 isozyme content in SK-N-SH cells.

title: Continuous phosphorylation of @entity13573 and XXXX by long-term @entity865 treatment in SK-N-SH @entity1 @entity521 cells.

answer: @entity10929 :: (4082,Gene) :: ['MARCKS']


abstract: Long-term treatment with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) down-regulates select @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) isozymes and may differentially affect @entity7131 substrates. We investigated the role of @entity7131 down-regulation on phosphorylation of two @entity7131 substrates, the 43 kDa growth-associated protein ( @entity13573 ) and the myristoylated @entity493 -rich C-kinase substrate ( @entity10929 ) in SK-N-SH @entity1 @entity521 cells. Cells were treated with 70 nM @entity865 for 15 min, 17 or 72 h. Phosphorylation of @entity10929 and @entity13573 was elevated throughout 72 h of @entity865 . The magnitude and peptidic sites of phosphorylation in @entity13573 and @entity10929 were similar after all @entity865 treatments. @entity13573 , but not @entity10929 , content was increased after 17 and 72 h of @entity865 . The ratio of @entity13573 phosphorylation to content was elevated throughout 17 h but returned to control by 72 h as content increased. @entity7131 epsilon and alpha isozyme content was greatly reduced after 72 h of @entity865 but membranes retained 23% of @entity7131 activity. Only @entity7131 epsilon translocated to membranes after 15 min @entity865 . @entity13573 content after 72 h of @entity865 was increased in subcellular fractions in which significant @entity7131 epsilon isozyme concentration remained. These results demonstrate that continuous @entity865 differentially affected phosphorylation of @entity7131 substrate proteins and regulation of @entity7131 isozyme content in SK-N-SH cells.

title: Continuous phosphorylation of @entity13573 and @entity10929 by long-term @entity865 treatment in SK-N-SH @entity1 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: Long-term treatment with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) down-regulates select @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) isozymes and may differentially affect @entity7131 substrates. We investigated the role of @entity7131 down-regulation on phosphorylation of two @entity7131 substrates, the 43 kDa growth-associated protein ( @entity13573 ) and the myristoylated @entity493 -rich C-kinase substrate ( @entity10929 ) in SK-N-SH @entity1 @entity521 cells. Cells were treated with 70 nM @entity865 for 15 min, 17 or 72 h. Phosphorylation of @entity10929 and @entity13573 was elevated throughout 72 h of @entity865 . The magnitude and peptidic sites of phosphorylation in @entity13573 and @entity10929 were similar after all @entity865 treatments. @entity13573 , but not @entity10929 , content was increased after 17 and 72 h of @entity865 . The ratio of @entity13573 phosphorylation to content was elevated throughout 17 h but returned to control by 72 h as content increased. @entity7131 epsilon and alpha isozyme content was greatly reduced after 72 h of @entity865 but membranes retained 23% of @entity7131 activity. Only @entity7131 epsilon translocated to membranes after 15 min @entity865 . @entity13573 content after 72 h of @entity865 was increased in subcellular fractions in which significant @entity7131 epsilon isozyme concentration remained. These results demonstrate that continuous @entity865 differentially affected phosphorylation of @entity7131 substrate proteins and regulation of @entity7131 isozyme content in SK-N-SH cells.

title: Continuous phosphorylation of @entity13573 and @entity10929 by long-term @entity865 treatment in SK-N-SH XXXX @entity521 cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Performing phantom movements with visual virtual feedback, or mirror therapy, is a promising treatment avenue to alleviate @entity20293 . However the effectiveness of this approach appears to vary from one @entity1 to another. OBJECTIVE: To assess the individual response to training with visual virtual feedback and to explore factors influencing the response to that approach. METHODS: Eight male @entity1 with @entity20293 ( @entity20293 ) resulting from either a traumatic upper limb amputation or a @entity5300 participated in this single case multiple baseline study. Training was performed 2 times per week for 8 weeks where a virtual image of a missing limb performing different movements was presented and the @entity1 was asked to follow the movements with his phantom limb. RESULTS: @entity1 reported an average 38% decrease in background @entity158 on a visual analog scale (VAS), with 5 @entity1 out of 8 reporting a reduction greater than 30%. This decrease in @entity158 was maintained at 4 weeks postintervention in 4 of the 5 @entity1 . No significant relationship was found between the long-term @entity158 relief and the duration of the deafferentation or with the immediate @entity158 relief during exposure to the feedback. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the use of training with virtual feedback to alleviate @entity20293 . Our observations suggest that between- @entity1 differences in the effectiveness of the treatment might be related more to a difference in the susceptibility to the virtual visual feedback, than to factors related to the lesion, such as the duration of the deafferentation.

title: Training with virtual XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus avulsion']

entities_list: @entity20293 :: ('MESH:D010591', 'Disease') :: ['phantom limb pain', 'PLP']

answer: @entity20293 :: (MESH:D010591,Disease) :: ['visual feedback to alleviate phantom limb pain']


abstract: CONTEXT: High dietary @entity3151 intake has deleterious consequences for renal @entity1 and is possibly harmful for the general public as well. To prevent @entity2265 , @entity1 with @entity454 limit their intake of foods that are naturally high in @entity3151 . However, @entity3151 -containing additives are increasingly being added to processed and fast foods. The effect of such additives on serum @entity3151 levels is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of limiting the intake of @entity3151 -containing food additives on serum @entity3151 levels among @entity1 with @entity454 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Cluster randomized controlled trial at 14 long-term hemodialysis facilities in northeast Ohio. Two hundred seventy-nine @entity1 with elevated baseline serum @entity3151 levels (>5.5 mg/dL) were recruited between May and October 2007. Two shifts at each of 12 large facilities and 1 shift at each of 2 small facilities were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. INTERVENTION: Intervention @entity1 (n=145) received education on avoiding foods with @entity3151 additives when purchasing groceries or visiting fast food restaurants. Control @entity1 (n=134) continued to receive usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in serum @entity3151 level after 3 months. RESULTS: At baseline, there was no significant difference in serum @entity3151 levels between the 2 groups. After 3 months, the decline in serum @entity3151 levels was 0.6 mg/dL larger among intervention vs control @entity1 (95% confidence interval, -1.0 to -0.1 mg/dL). Intervention @entity1 also had statistically significant increases in reading ingredient lists (P<.001) and nutrition facts labels (P = .04) but no significant increase in food knowledge scores (P = .13). CONCLUSION: Educating @entity454 @entity1 to avoid @entity3151 -containing food additives resulted in modest improvements in @entity2265 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00583570.

title: Effect of food additives on XXXX among @entity1 with @entity454 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2265 :: (MESH:D054559,Disease) :: ['hyperphosphatemia']


abstract: CONTEXT: High dietary @entity3151 intake has deleterious consequences for renal @entity1 and is possibly harmful for the general public as well. To prevent @entity2265 , @entity1 with @entity454 limit their intake of foods that are naturally high in @entity3151 . However, @entity3151 -containing additives are increasingly being added to processed and fast foods. The effect of such additives on serum @entity3151 levels is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of limiting the intake of @entity3151 -containing food additives on serum @entity3151 levels among @entity1 with @entity454 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Cluster randomized controlled trial at 14 long-term hemodialysis facilities in northeast Ohio. Two hundred seventy-nine @entity1 with elevated baseline serum @entity3151 levels (>5.5 mg/dL) were recruited between May and October 2007. Two shifts at each of 12 large facilities and 1 shift at each of 2 small facilities were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. INTERVENTION: Intervention @entity1 (n=145) received education on avoiding foods with @entity3151 additives when purchasing groceries or visiting fast food restaurants. Control @entity1 (n=134) continued to receive usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in serum @entity3151 level after 3 months. RESULTS: At baseline, there was no significant difference in serum @entity3151 levels between the 2 groups. After 3 months, the decline in serum @entity3151 levels was 0.6 mg/dL larger among intervention vs control @entity1 (95% confidence interval, -1.0 to -0.1 mg/dL). Intervention @entity1 also had statistically significant increases in reading ingredient lists (P<.001) and nutrition facts labels (P = .04) but no significant increase in food knowledge scores (P = .13). CONCLUSION: Educating @entity454 @entity1 to avoid @entity3151 -containing food additives resulted in modest improvements in @entity2265 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00583570.

title: Effect of food additives on @entity2265 among @entity1 with XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: High dietary @entity3151 intake has deleterious consequences for renal @entity1 and is possibly harmful for the general public as well. To prevent @entity2265 , @entity1 with @entity454 limit their intake of foods that are naturally high in @entity3151 . However, @entity3151 -containing additives are increasingly being added to processed and fast foods. The effect of such additives on serum @entity3151 levels is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of limiting the intake of @entity3151 -containing food additives on serum @entity3151 levels among @entity1 with @entity454 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Cluster randomized controlled trial at 14 long-term hemodialysis facilities in northeast Ohio. Two hundred seventy-nine @entity1 with elevated baseline serum @entity3151 levels (>5.5 mg/dL) were recruited between May and October 2007. Two shifts at each of 12 large facilities and 1 shift at each of 2 small facilities were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. INTERVENTION: Intervention @entity1 (n=145) received education on avoiding foods with @entity3151 additives when purchasing groceries or visiting fast food restaurants. Control @entity1 (n=134) continued to receive usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Change in serum @entity3151 level after 3 months. RESULTS: At baseline, there was no significant difference in serum @entity3151 levels between the 2 groups. After 3 months, the decline in serum @entity3151 levels was 0.6 mg/dL larger among intervention vs control @entity1 (95% confidence interval, -1.0 to -0.1 mg/dL). Intervention @entity1 also had statistically significant increases in reading ingredient lists (P<.001) and nutrition facts labels (P = .04) but no significant increase in food knowledge scores (P = .13). CONCLUSION: Educating @entity454 @entity1 to avoid @entity3151 -containing food additives resulted in modest improvements in @entity2265 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00583570.

title: Effect of food additives on @entity2265 among XXXX with @entity454 : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Intrauterine @entity281 is a recognized cause of @entity600 . The infectious organisms are believed to originate primarily from the vaginal tract and secondarily from other parts of the body. It is plausible that microbes in the oral cavity can be transmitted to the pregnant uterus. However, direct evidence supporting such a transmission is lacking. In this study, amniotic fluids of 34 pregnant @entity1 were examined by PCR using 16S and 23S rRNA universally conserved primers. Bacterial DNA was amplified from the only @entity1 with clinical intrauterine @entity281 and histologic necrotizing acute and chronic @entity5870 . One strain, Bergeyella sp. clone @entity70838 , was detected and was 99.7% identical to a previously reported uncultivated oral Bergeyella strain, clone AK152, at the 16S rRNA level. The same strain was detected in the @entity527 of the @entity1 but not in her vaginal tract. The 16S-23S rRNA sequence of clone @entity70838 matched exactly with the sequences amplified from the @entity1 's @entity527 . These observations suggest that the Bergeyella strain identified in the @entity1 's intrauterine @entity281 originated from the oral cavity. This is the first direct evidence of oral-utero microbial transmission. The @entity1 's periodontal health during pregnancy was unclear. She did not have detectable periodontal disease during postpartum examination. Bergeyella spp. had not been previously associated with @entity600 and were detected in @entity527 of @entity1 without clinical levels of intrauterine @entity281 . Uncultivated species may be overlooked opportunistic pathogens in @entity600 . This study sheds new light on the implication of oral bacteria in @entity600 .

title: Transmission of an uncultivated Bergeyella strain from the oral cavity to amniotic fluid in a case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with @entity15478 ( @entity6862 ) on growth performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broilers. A total of 480 broilers with an average initial BW of 45.04 g per @entity1573 were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 4 dietary treatments (20 broilers per pen with 6 pens per treatment): 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ANT (basal diet + 44 mg/kg of @entity20187 ), 3) COS0.2 (basal diet + 14 g/kg of @entity6862 ), 4) COS0.4 (basal diet + 28 g/kg of @entity6862 ). The experiment lasted for 5 wk and @entity20187 was administered from d 0 to 21. Growth performance was measured on d 0, 21, and 35, and all other response criteria were measured on d 35. No change in feed conversion (G:F) was observed in response to any of the treatments throughout the experimental period (P > 0.05). However, BW gain and feed intake were greater (P < 0.05) in broilers provided with feed supplemented with @entity6862 than in those in the control group. In addition, broilers had significantly greater (P < 0.05) red blood cell and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations when they were provided with the COS0.4 diet, whereas the @entity412 concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in broilers in the COS0.2 treatment group. No other blood characteristics were affected by the treatments. Additionally, as the dietary @entity6862 concentration increased, the liver weight increased (P < 0.05). Conversely, as the concentrations of dietary @entity6862 increased, abdominal fat decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, meat yellowness decreased (P < 0.05) as the concentration of @entity6862 increased. Finally, the breast meat and abdominal fat of birds provided with feed supplemented with @entity6862 had a lower (P < 0.05) @entity10194 concentration but a greater concentration of total @entity6221 (P < 0.05) than that of birds in the control. In conclusion, @entity6862 can improve the performance and breast meat quality of broilers while increasing the red blood cell and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations in blood. In addition, @entity6862 can induce a decrease in abdominal fat and improve meat quality.

title: Effects of @entity15478 supplementation on performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broiler XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity20187 :: ('MESH:C006653', 'Chemical') :: ['avilamycin']

entities_list: @entity15478 :: ('CHEBI:23104', 'Chemical') :: ['chitooligosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with @entity15478 ( @entity6862 ) on growth performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broilers. A total of 480 broilers with an average initial BW of 45.04 g per @entity1573 were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 4 dietary treatments (20 broilers per pen with 6 pens per treatment): 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ANT (basal diet + 44 mg/kg of @entity20187 ), 3) COS0.2 (basal diet + 14 g/kg of @entity6862 ), 4) COS0.4 (basal diet + 28 g/kg of @entity6862 ). The experiment lasted for 5 wk and @entity20187 was administered from d 0 to 21. Growth performance was measured on d 0, 21, and 35, and all other response criteria were measured on d 35. No change in feed conversion (G:F) was observed in response to any of the treatments throughout the experimental period (P > 0.05). However, BW gain and feed intake were greater (P < 0.05) in broilers provided with feed supplemented with @entity6862 than in those in the control group. In addition, broilers had significantly greater (P < 0.05) red blood cell and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations when they were provided with the COS0.4 diet, whereas the @entity412 concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in broilers in the COS0.2 treatment group. No other blood characteristics were affected by the treatments. Additionally, as the dietary @entity6862 concentration increased, the liver weight increased (P < 0.05). Conversely, as the concentrations of dietary @entity6862 increased, abdominal fat decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, meat yellowness decreased (P < 0.05) as the concentration of @entity6862 increased. Finally, the breast meat and abdominal fat of birds provided with feed supplemented with @entity6862 had a lower (P < 0.05) @entity10194 concentration but a greater concentration of total @entity6221 (P < 0.05) than that of birds in the control. In conclusion, @entity6862 can improve the performance and breast meat quality of broilers while increasing the red blood cell and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations in blood. In addition, @entity6862 can induce a decrease in abdominal fat and improve meat quality.

title: Effects of XXXX supplementation on performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broiler @entity1573 .

answer: @entity15478 :: (CHEBI:23104,Chemical) :: ['chitooligosaccharide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extranodal natural killer/ @entity784 (ENKTL), nasal-type, is a distinct entity of lymphoid tissue. ENKTL is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), but the prognosis is poorer than for other types of @entity706 . The treatment schedule is controversial. METHODS: A phase 2 study was conducted of "sandwich" protocols, with earlier RT after an initial 2 to 3 cycles of LVP ( @entity4445 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 ), followed by further "consolidation" cycles. @entity1 aged 18 years and older who had previously untreated ENKTL and localized lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract were enrolled. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and complete remission rate. The secondary endpoints were 2-year overall survival, 2-year progression-free survival, and @entity137 . This study is registered with www.Chictr.org, number ChicTR-TNC-00000394, and is ongoing for long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 completed total therapy, which resulted in 88.5% response that included 21 @entity1 (80.8%) with complete response (CR) and 2 @entity1 (7.7%) with partial response. Three (11.5%) of 26 @entity1 progressed during therapy. With a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 4-35 months), the 2-year overall survival was 88.5%, and the 2-year progression-free survival was 80.6%. @entity1 with CR had better prognosis than @entity1 without CR. Only 2 @entity1 (7.7%) experienced grade 3 @entity1431 . No grade 4 @entity137 or treatment-related deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The research showed that the "sandwich" protocol of LVP combined with RT was a safe and effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer/ @entity784 , and the results warrant further investigation into this protocol.

title: Phase 2 trial of "sandwich" XXXX , @entity1891 , and @entity229 chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/ @entity784 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['early lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

answer: @entity4445 :: (80150,Gene) :: ['L-asparaginase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extranodal natural killer/ @entity784 (ENKTL), nasal-type, is a distinct entity of lymphoid tissue. ENKTL is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), but the prognosis is poorer than for other types of @entity706 . The treatment schedule is controversial. METHODS: A phase 2 study was conducted of "sandwich" protocols, with earlier RT after an initial 2 to 3 cycles of LVP ( @entity4445 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 ), followed by further "consolidation" cycles. @entity1 aged 18 years and older who had previously untreated ENKTL and localized lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract were enrolled. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and complete remission rate. The secondary endpoints were 2-year overall survival, 2-year progression-free survival, and @entity137 . This study is registered with www.Chictr.org, number ChicTR-TNC-00000394, and is ongoing for long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 completed total therapy, which resulted in 88.5% response that included 21 @entity1 (80.8%) with complete response (CR) and 2 @entity1 (7.7%) with partial response. Three (11.5%) of 26 @entity1 progressed during therapy. With a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 4-35 months), the 2-year overall survival was 88.5%, and the 2-year progression-free survival was 80.6%. @entity1 with CR had better prognosis than @entity1 without CR. Only 2 @entity1 (7.7%) experienced grade 3 @entity1431 . No grade 4 @entity137 or treatment-related deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The research showed that the "sandwich" protocol of LVP combined with RT was a safe and effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer/ @entity784 , and the results warrant further investigation into this protocol.

title: Phase 2 trial of "sandwich" @entity4445 , @entity1891 , and XXXX chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/ @entity784 .

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extranodal natural killer/ @entity784 (ENKTL), nasal-type, is a distinct entity of lymphoid tissue. ENKTL is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), but the prognosis is poorer than for other types of @entity706 . The treatment schedule is controversial. METHODS: A phase 2 study was conducted of "sandwich" protocols, with earlier RT after an initial 2 to 3 cycles of LVP ( @entity4445 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 ), followed by further "consolidation" cycles. @entity1 aged 18 years and older who had previously untreated ENKTL and localized lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract were enrolled. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and complete remission rate. The secondary endpoints were 2-year overall survival, 2-year progression-free survival, and @entity137 . This study is registered with www.Chictr.org, number ChicTR-TNC-00000394, and is ongoing for long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 completed total therapy, which resulted in 88.5% response that included 21 @entity1 (80.8%) with complete response (CR) and 2 @entity1 (7.7%) with partial response. Three (11.5%) of 26 @entity1 progressed during therapy. With a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 4-35 months), the 2-year overall survival was 88.5%, and the 2-year progression-free survival was 80.6%. @entity1 with CR had better prognosis than @entity1 without CR. Only 2 @entity1 (7.7%) experienced grade 3 @entity1431 . No grade 4 @entity137 or treatment-related deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The research showed that the "sandwich" protocol of LVP combined with RT was a safe and effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer/ @entity784 , and the results warrant further investigation into this protocol.

title: Phase 2 trial of "sandwich" @entity4445 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/ XXXX .

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extranodal natural killer/ @entity784 (ENKTL), nasal-type, is a distinct entity of lymphoid tissue. ENKTL is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), but the prognosis is poorer than for other types of @entity706 . The treatment schedule is controversial. METHODS: A phase 2 study was conducted of "sandwich" protocols, with earlier RT after an initial 2 to 3 cycles of LVP ( @entity4445 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 ), followed by further "consolidation" cycles. @entity1 aged 18 years and older who had previously untreated ENKTL and localized lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract were enrolled. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and complete remission rate. The secondary endpoints were 2-year overall survival, 2-year progression-free survival, and @entity137 . This study is registered with www.Chictr.org, number ChicTR-TNC-00000394, and is ongoing for long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 completed total therapy, which resulted in 88.5% response that included 21 @entity1 (80.8%) with complete response (CR) and 2 @entity1 (7.7%) with partial response. Three (11.5%) of 26 @entity1 progressed during therapy. With a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 4-35 months), the 2-year overall survival was 88.5%, and the 2-year progression-free survival was 80.6%. @entity1 with CR had better prognosis than @entity1 without CR. Only 2 @entity1 (7.7%) experienced grade 3 @entity1431 . No grade 4 @entity137 or treatment-related deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The research showed that the "sandwich" protocol of LVP combined with RT was a safe and effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer/ @entity784 , and the results warrant further investigation into this protocol.

title: Phase 2 trial of "sandwich" @entity4445 , XXXX , and @entity229 chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/ @entity784 .

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We performed a meta-analysis of published studies on the endovascular treatment of very small @entity438 , including 71 @entity1 treated at our institution. METHODS: We conducted a computerized MEDLINE search of the literature for reports on the treatment of @entity438 with a maximum dimension of </=3 mm by using the search terms "small," "tiny," " @entity438 ," "endovascular," and "coil." A total of 7 studies, including our institution's consecutive case series of 71 @entity438 , were included in this study. We extracted information regarding intraoperative complications, procedural mortality and morbidity, immediate- and long-term angiographic outcomes, and retreatment rate. The meta-analysis was performed with the statistical package Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. RESULTS: Approximately 61% of the @entity439 in this meta-analysis presented as ruptured, whereas 39% of the @entity439 were unruptured. Procedural @entity397 rates for very small @entity439 was 8.3% (95% CI, 6.0% to 11.4%). The mortality rate due to procedural @entity397 was 2.4% (95% CI, 1.2% to 4.7%). The morbidity rate due to @entity1031 complications was 1.9% (95% CI, 0.9% to 3.9%). @entity510 within 1 month of treatment occurred in 1.6% (95% CI, 0.6% to 3.7%) of cases. There was no statistically significant difference between unruptured and @entity1756 for any of these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests that treatment of very small @entity439 is feasible and effective in >90% of treated @entity439 . However, the risk of periprocedural @entity397 is higher than that reported for larger @entity439 . Similarly, the combined rate of periprocedural mortality and morbidity is not negligible (7.3%) and should be considered when considering the best therapeutic option for these @entity439 .

title: Endovascular treatment of very small (3 mm or smaller) XXXX : report of a consecutive series and a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar surgery and epidural injections for @entity612 are the most commonly performed interventions in the United States. However, there is only moderate evidence to the effectiveness of surgery and caudal epidural injections. The next sequential step is adhesiolysis and hypertonic neurolysis with targeted delivery. There have not been any randomized trials evaluating the effectiveness of percutaneous adhesiolysis and targeted delivery of local anesthetic, @entity134 and hypertonic @entity2827 solution in lumbar @entity612 . STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, equivalence, controlled trial. SETTING: An interventional @entity158 management practice, a specialty referral center, a private practice setting in the United States. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis in @entity1 with @entity1643 with lumbar central @entity612 and compare with fluoroscopically directed caudal epidural injections. METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups with 25 @entity1 in each group. Group I @entity1 received caudal epidural injections with catheterization up to S3 with local anesthetic, 0.9% @entity2827 solution, non-particulate betamethasone and served as the control group. Group II @entity1 received percutaneous adhesiolysis with targeted delivery and injection of @entity3303 , 10% hypertonic @entity2827 solution, and non-particulate @entity5935 and formed the intervention group. Randomization was performed by computer-generated random allocation sequence by simple randomization. OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT: Multiple outcome measures were utilized including the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the @entity717 Index 2.0 (ODI), employment status, and opioid intake with assessment at 3, 6, and 12 months post treatment. Significant @entity158 relief was described as 50% or more, whereas significant improvement in the disability score was defined as a reduction of 40% or more. RESULTS: This evaluation showed significant @entity158 relief (>or= 50%) in 76% of the @entity1 at one year follow-up in the adhesiolysis group compared to 4% of the @entity1 in the control group. LIMITATIONS: The results of this study are limited by the lack of a placebo group, the fact that it is a preliminary report, and there are only 25 @entity1 in each group. CONCLUSIONS: With significant @entity158 relief in 76% of @entity1 , percutaneous adhesiolysis utilizing local anesthetic, @entity230 and hypertonic @entity2827 solution may be effective in @entity1 with @entity1643 with @entity612 .

title: The preliminary results of a comparative effectiveness evaluation of adhesiolysis and caudal epidural injections in managing XXXX secondary to @entity612 : a randomized, equivalence controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic function-limiting low back and lower extremity pain', 'chronic low back and lower extremity pain']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['Betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar surgery and epidural injections for @entity612 are the most commonly performed interventions in the United States. However, there is only moderate evidence to the effectiveness of surgery and caudal epidural injections. The next sequential step is adhesiolysis and hypertonic neurolysis with targeted delivery. There have not been any randomized trials evaluating the effectiveness of percutaneous adhesiolysis and targeted delivery of local anesthetic, @entity134 and hypertonic @entity2827 solution in lumbar @entity612 . STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, equivalence, controlled trial. SETTING: An interventional @entity158 management practice, a specialty referral center, a private practice setting in the United States. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis in @entity1 with @entity1643 with lumbar central @entity612 and compare with fluoroscopically directed caudal epidural injections. METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups with 25 @entity1 in each group. Group I @entity1 received caudal epidural injections with catheterization up to S3 with local anesthetic, 0.9% @entity2827 solution, non-particulate betamethasone and served as the control group. Group II @entity1 received percutaneous adhesiolysis with targeted delivery and injection of @entity3303 , 10% hypertonic @entity2827 solution, and non-particulate @entity5935 and formed the intervention group. Randomization was performed by computer-generated random allocation sequence by simple randomization. OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT: Multiple outcome measures were utilized including the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the @entity717 Index 2.0 (ODI), employment status, and opioid intake with assessment at 3, 6, and 12 months post treatment. Significant @entity158 relief was described as 50% or more, whereas significant improvement in the disability score was defined as a reduction of 40% or more. RESULTS: This evaluation showed significant @entity158 relief (>or= 50%) in 76% of the @entity1 at one year follow-up in the adhesiolysis group compared to 4% of the @entity1 in the control group. LIMITATIONS: The results of this study are limited by the lack of a placebo group, the fact that it is a preliminary report, and there are only 25 @entity1 in each group. CONCLUSIONS: With significant @entity158 relief in 76% of @entity1 , percutaneous adhesiolysis utilizing local anesthetic, @entity230 and hypertonic @entity2827 solution may be effective in @entity1 with @entity1643 with @entity612 .

title: The preliminary results of a comparative effectiveness evaluation of adhesiolysis and caudal epidural injections in managing @entity1643 secondary to XXXX : a randomized, equivalence controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal stenosis']


abstract: Progression of @entity8 and @entity65 in @entity6 have been shown to correlate with control of blood @entity413 , lipids, blood pressure, and smoking. These factors, however, do not appear to totally explain these @entity2412 . @entity8 and @entity65 in @entity2175 are associated with @entity455 and @entity82 , both of which may occur with impaired fibrinolysis. A cross-sectional study was therefore performed in 107 type II @entity6 @entity1 recruited from the Denver Metropolitan Area to examine the effect of impaired fibrinolysis, as assessed by the ratio of plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ) to @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ). With urinary albumin excretion (UAE) as a risk factor for both @entity65 , the @entity1 were analyzed with respect to UAE less than and greater than 1 gm/day. The age, blood @entity413 , hemoglobin @entity3916 , duration of @entity6 , lipids, body mass index, and smoking were no different between the groups. As expected, the group with greater UAE had worse renal function, the serum @entity1011 (1.98 +/- 0.24 vs 1.21 +/- 0.05 mg/dl, P < 0.001) and @entity1011 clearance (55.5 +/- 6.0 vs 76.8 +/- 2.7 ml/min, P < 0.001) were significantly different. The type II @entity6 @entity1 with greater UAE exhibited significantly higher @entity2289 / @entity3479 (2.43 +/- 0.26 vs 1.85 +/- 0.07, P < 0.03). The past history of @entity299 was also higher (87.5 vs 72.3%, P < 0.07) in the @entity6 @entity1 with more impaired fibrinolysis and greater UAE. Thus a prospective, randomized clinical trial in @entity2175 with @entity2289 inhibitors is needed.

title: Impaired fibrinolytic activity in @entity2175 : correlation with urinary albumin excretion and progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'Renal disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease progression and cardiovascular complications', 'cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal disease']


abstract: Progression of @entity8 and @entity65 in @entity6 have been shown to correlate with control of blood @entity413 , lipids, blood pressure, and smoking. These factors, however, do not appear to totally explain these @entity2412 . @entity8 and @entity65 in @entity2175 are associated with @entity455 and @entity82 , both of which may occur with impaired fibrinolysis. A cross-sectional study was therefore performed in 107 type II @entity6 @entity1 recruited from the Denver Metropolitan Area to examine the effect of impaired fibrinolysis, as assessed by the ratio of plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ) to @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ). With urinary albumin excretion (UAE) as a risk factor for both @entity65 , the @entity1 were analyzed with respect to UAE less than and greater than 1 gm/day. The age, blood @entity413 , hemoglobin @entity3916 , duration of @entity6 , lipids, body mass index, and smoking were no different between the groups. As expected, the group with greater UAE had worse renal function, the serum @entity1011 (1.98 +/- 0.24 vs 1.21 +/- 0.05 mg/dl, P < 0.001) and @entity1011 clearance (55.5 +/- 6.0 vs 76.8 +/- 2.7 ml/min, P < 0.001) were significantly different. The type II @entity6 @entity1 with greater UAE exhibited significantly higher @entity2289 / @entity3479 (2.43 +/- 0.26 vs 1.85 +/- 0.07, P < 0.03). The past history of @entity299 was also higher (87.5 vs 72.3%, P < 0.07) in the @entity6 @entity1 with more impaired fibrinolysis and greater UAE. Thus a prospective, randomized clinical trial in @entity2175 with @entity2289 inhibitors is needed.

title: Impaired fibrinolytic activity in XXXX : correlation with urinary albumin excretion and progression of @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes']


abstract: DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) and topoisomerase II (Top2) inhibitors are widely used to treat a variety of @entity5 . Their mechanism of action involves stabilization of otherwise transient ("cleavable") complexes between Top1 or Top2 and DNA; collisions of DNA replication forks with such stabilized complexes lead to formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In this study, using @entity10080 ( @entity10081 ) as a DNA precursor, we directly assessed the relationship between DNA replication and induction of DSBs revealed as yH2AX foci in A549 cells treated with Top1 inhibitors topotecan (Tpt) or @entity9800 ( @entity1191 ) and Top2 inhibitors @entity2664 (Mxt) and etoposide (Etp). Analysis of cells by multiparameter laser scanning cytometry following treatment with Tpt or Cpt revealed that only DNA replicating cells showed induction of yH2AX and a strong correlation between DNA replication and formation of DSBs (r = 0.86). In cells treated with Mxt or Etp, the correlation was weaker (r = 0.52 and 0.64). In addition, both Mtx and Etp caused induction of yH2AX in cells not replicating DNA. Confocal imaging of nuclei of cells treated with Tpt revealed the presence of yH2AX foci predominantly in DNA replicating cells and close association and co-localization of yH2AX foci with DNA replication sites. In cells treated with Mxt or Etp, the yH2AX foci were induced in DNA replicating as well as non-replicating cells but the close association between a large proportion of yH2AX foci and DNA replication sites was also apparent. The data are consistent with the view that collision of DNA replication forks with cleavable Top1-DNA complexes stabilized by Tpt/Cpt is the sole cause of induction of DSBs. Additional mechanisms such as involvement of transcription and/or generation of oxidative stress may contribute to DSBs induction by Mxt and Etp. The confocal analysis of the association between DNA replication sites and the sites of DSBs (yH2AX foci) opens a new approach for mechanistic studies of the involvement of DNA replication in induction of DNA damage.

title: Relationship of DNA damage signaling to DNA replication following treatment with DNA topoisomerase inhibitors @entity9800 /topotecan, XXXX , or etoposide.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity10080 :: ('MESH:C031086', 'Chemical') :: ["5-ethynyl-2'deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) and topoisomerase II (Top2) inhibitors are widely used to treat a variety of @entity5 . Their mechanism of action involves stabilization of otherwise transient ("cleavable") complexes between Top1 or Top2 and DNA; collisions of DNA replication forks with such stabilized complexes lead to formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). In this study, using @entity10080 ( @entity10081 ) as a DNA precursor, we directly assessed the relationship between DNA replication and induction of DSBs revealed as yH2AX foci in A549 cells treated with Top1 inhibitors topotecan (Tpt) or @entity9800 ( @entity1191 ) and Top2 inhibitors @entity2664 (Mxt) and etoposide (Etp). Analysis of cells by multiparameter laser scanning cytometry following treatment with Tpt or Cpt revealed that only DNA replicating cells showed induction of yH2AX and a strong correlation between DNA replication and formation of DSBs (r = 0.86). In cells treated with Mxt or Etp, the correlation was weaker (r = 0.52 and 0.64). In addition, both Mtx and Etp caused induction of yH2AX in cells not replicating DNA. Confocal imaging of nuclei of cells treated with Tpt revealed the presence of yH2AX foci predominantly in DNA replicating cells and close association and co-localization of yH2AX foci with DNA replication sites. In cells treated with Mxt or Etp, the yH2AX foci were induced in DNA replicating as well as non-replicating cells but the close association between a large proportion of yH2AX foci and DNA replication sites was also apparent. The data are consistent with the view that collision of DNA replication forks with cleavable Top1-DNA complexes stabilized by Tpt/Cpt is the sole cause of induction of DSBs. Additional mechanisms such as involvement of transcription and/or generation of oxidative stress may contribute to DSBs induction by Mxt and Etp. The confocal analysis of the association between DNA replication sites and the sites of DSBs (yH2AX foci) opens a new approach for mechanistic studies of the involvement of DNA replication in induction of DNA damage.

title: Relationship of DNA damage signaling to DNA replication following treatment with DNA topoisomerase inhibitors XXXX /topotecan, @entity2664 , or etoposide.

answer: @entity9800 :: (MESH:D002166,Chemical) :: ['camptothecin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A recent collaborative meta-analysis by @entity8 : Improving Global Outcomes reported that an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) and an albumin-to-creatinine ratio of >=  10 mg/g were independent predictors for mortality in the general population. However, selection bias, heterogeneity of the cohorts and measurement issues could be limitations. METHODS: We analyzed the relationship of eGFR and @entity644 with mortality in the Korean general population, represented by 112,115 @entity1 , aged >=  20 years, who had a @entity2798 check-up with homogenous calibration of @entity1011 measurement from 2003 to 2009. @entity644 (trace or more) was determined by urine dipstick. RESULTS: eGFR and @entity644 were independently associated with all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM), and progressive increases in risks for mortality were noted according to eGFR level and the presence of @entity644 . Compared with eGFR 90-105 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), hazard ratio (HRs) for ACM were 1.60 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-2.30] for eGFR 60-74 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) and 3.54 (2.20-5.68) for eGFR <60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) in @entity1 with no @entity644 . In @entity1 with @entity644 , HRs for ACM were 2.10 (1.41-3.12) for eGFR 75-89 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), 2.30 (1.50-3.53) for eGFR 60-74 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) and 3.77 (2.15-6.38) for eGFR <60 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). Similar findings were observed for CVM. CONCLUSIONS: eGFR <75 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) and urine dipstick trace or more were independent risk factors of ACM and CVM. The risks of adverse outcomes are greater in the general population with mild @entity8 or mild @entity644 .

title: Mild decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate and XXXX are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria', 'proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary health']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate short- and long-term effects of intensive rehabilitation on @entity2055 , gait, and activities of daily living (ADLs) in @entity1 with @entity76 . METHODS: A total of 42 @entity1 with @entity2746 were randomly assigned to the immediate group or the delayed-entry control group. The immediate group received 2 hours of inpatient physical and occupational therapy, focusing on coordination, balance, and ADLs, on weekdays and 1 hour on weekends for 4 weeks. The control group received the same intervention after a 4-week delay. Short-term outcome was compared between the immediate and control groups. Long-term evaluation was done in both groups at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the intervention. Outcome measures included the assessment and rating of @entity2055 , Functional Independence Measure, gait speed, cadence, functional ambulation category, and number of falls. RESULTS: The immediate group showed significantly greater functional gains in @entity2055 , gait speed, and ADLs than the control group. Improvement of truncal @entity2055 . The gains in @entity2055 and gait were sustained at 12 weeks and 24 weeks, respectively. At least 1 measure was better than at baseline at 24 weeks in 22 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Short-term benefit of intensive rehabilitation was evident in @entity1 with @entity76 . Although functional status tended to decline to the baseline level within 24 weeks, gains were maintained in more than half of the @entity1 .

title: Cerebellar ataxia rehabilitation trial in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['pure cerebellar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative cerebellar disease', 'degenerative cerebellar diseases']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia', 'ataxia was more prominent than limb ataxia']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['degenerative cerebellar diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of @entity389 on both surgical and audiologic outcomes following pediatric cochlear implant (CI) surgery. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1982-2009) and data from Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. REVIEW METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed. Variables assessed included age at implantation, duration of CI use, radiologic and operative findings, and speech perception outcome data. RESULTS: The initial search yielded 1326 articles. Including data from our own study, twenty-two fulfilled criteria for inclusion, representing 311 @entity1 . Data for bilateral implants were recorded only for the first implant. Data on simultaneous bilateral implants were not recorded. The most common @entity154 seen was @entity8468 (89/311 or 29%). When comparing @entity1 with mild-moderate or severe @entity1141 , rates of cerebrospinal fluid gusher were 31% versus 35% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50), anomalous @entity2103 was seen in 11% versus 51% (OR = 0.15), and postoperative speech perception abilities were found in 84% versus 54% (OR = 1.93), respectively. A large heterogeneity was found among studies regarding all outcome measures. CONCLUSION: Although we found that severe @entity389 was associated with increased surgical difficulty and lower speech perception, the lack of uniformity in published clinical data limited the strength of these results. Standardization of surgical and radiologic reporting as well as more consistent speech perception testing is needed to better determine the association between anomalous cochleovestibular anatomy and clinical outcomes.

title: Cochlear implantation in XXXX with anomalous cochleovestibular anatomy: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity8468 :: ('OMIM:600791', 'Disease') :: ['large vestibular aqueduct']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve anatomy']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Linked to extreme rates of chronic @entity299 , @entity6793 is endemic amongst Aboriginal @entity1 in Australia's Northern Territory (NT). Many of those with @entity6793 will also have @entity1908 . We report the results of a community-based collaboration within the East Arnhem Region, which aimed to reduce the prevalence of both @entity272 in Aboriginal @entity1 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Commencing September 2004, we conducted an ecological study that included active surveillance for @entity272 amongst @entity1 aged <15 years in five remote East Arnhem communities over a three year period. Screening was undertaken by trained local community workers, usually accompanied by another project team member, using a standard data collection form. @entity272 were diagnosed clinically with the aid of a pictorial flip chart developed for the purpose. Topical 5% @entity315 was provided for age-eligible @entity1 and all household contacts whenever @entity1908 was diagnosed, whilst those with @entity6793 were referred to the clinic for treatment in accordance with current guidelines. In addition, annual mass @entity1908 treatment (5% @entity315 cream) was offered to all community residents in accordance with current guidelines but was not directly observed. @entity6793 and @entity1908 prevalence per month was determined from 6038 skin assessments conducted on 2329 @entity1 . @entity6793 prevalence dropped from 46.7% at baseline to a median of 32.4% (IQR 28.9%-41.0%) during the follow-up period - an absolute reduction of 14.7% (IQR 4.7%-16.8%). Compared to the first 18 months of observation, there was an absolute reduction in @entity6793 prevalence of 18 cases per 100 @entity1 (95%CI -21.0, -16.1, p</=0.001) over the last 18 months. Treatment uptake increased over the same period (absolute difference 13.4%, 95%CI 3.3, 23.6). While @entity1908 prevalence was unchanged, the prevalence of infected @entity1908 (that is with superimposed @entity6793 ) decreased from 3.7% (95%CI 2.4, 4.9) to 1.5% (95%CI 0.7, 2.2), a relative reduction of 59%. CONCLUSION: Although @entity6793 prevalence remained unacceptably high, there was a substantial reduction overall with improvements in treatment uptake a critical factor. More acceptable alternatives, such as @entity799 for @entity6793 and ivermectin as a community-wide scabicide, warrant further investigation in these settings. We are encouraged by progress made through this work, where local action was led by local community members and primary health care providers with external training and support. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00884728.

title: A regional initiative to reduce XXXX amongst aboriginal @entity1 living in remote communities of the Northern Territory, Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart and kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity315 :: ('MESH:D026023', 'Chemical') :: ['permethrin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin infections', 'skin infections']

entities_list: @entity6793 :: ('MESH:D011711', 'Disease') :: ['Pyoderma', 'pyoderma']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Linked to extreme rates of chronic @entity299 , @entity6793 is endemic amongst Aboriginal @entity1 in Australia's Northern Territory (NT). Many of those with @entity6793 will also have @entity1908 . We report the results of a community-based collaboration within the East Arnhem Region, which aimed to reduce the prevalence of both @entity272 in Aboriginal @entity1 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Commencing September 2004, we conducted an ecological study that included active surveillance for @entity272 amongst @entity1 aged <15 years in five remote East Arnhem communities over a three year period. Screening was undertaken by trained local community workers, usually accompanied by another project team member, using a standard data collection form. @entity272 were diagnosed clinically with the aid of a pictorial flip chart developed for the purpose. Topical 5% @entity315 was provided for age-eligible @entity1 and all household contacts whenever @entity1908 was diagnosed, whilst those with @entity6793 were referred to the clinic for treatment in accordance with current guidelines. In addition, annual mass @entity1908 treatment (5% @entity315 cream) was offered to all community residents in accordance with current guidelines but was not directly observed. @entity6793 and @entity1908 prevalence per month was determined from 6038 skin assessments conducted on 2329 @entity1 . @entity6793 prevalence dropped from 46.7% at baseline to a median of 32.4% (IQR 28.9%-41.0%) during the follow-up period - an absolute reduction of 14.7% (IQR 4.7%-16.8%). Compared to the first 18 months of observation, there was an absolute reduction in @entity6793 prevalence of 18 cases per 100 @entity1 (95%CI -21.0, -16.1, p</=0.001) over the last 18 months. Treatment uptake increased over the same period (absolute difference 13.4%, 95%CI 3.3, 23.6). While @entity1908 prevalence was unchanged, the prevalence of infected @entity1908 (that is with superimposed @entity6793 ) decreased from 3.7% (95%CI 2.4, 4.9) to 1.5% (95%CI 0.7, 2.2), a relative reduction of 59%. CONCLUSION: Although @entity6793 prevalence remained unacceptably high, there was a substantial reduction overall with improvements in treatment uptake a critical factor. More acceptable alternatives, such as @entity799 for @entity6793 and ivermectin as a community-wide scabicide, warrant further investigation in these settings. We are encouraged by progress made through this work, where local action was led by local community members and primary health care providers with external training and support. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00884728.

title: A regional initiative to reduce @entity272 amongst aboriginal XXXX living in remote communities of the Northern Territory, Australia.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is growing evidence that vasospatic individuals could be predisposed to develop @entity726 . Vasospastic deregulation is ensuing in activation of circulating leukocytes. In previous studies using "gene-hunting" strategies, we demonstrated stable alterations in gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes isolated from @entity726 @entity1 with @entity455 when compared to healthy individuals with no history of @entity16 . The goal of this study was to look for possible similarities in gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes in vasospastic individuals and @entity726 @entity1 . METHODS: Normal-tension (NTG) and high-tension (HTG) @entity726 @entity1 as well as individuals with @entity455 ( @entity455 ) and healthy controls were recruited for the gene expression analysis. The methodology of comparative Expression Array analysis followed by highly sensitive quantitative real-time PCR has been used. RESULTS: Compared to the control group the expression of 146, 68, and 60 genes was found to be altered in NTG, HTG, and @entity455 groups respectively. Thirty-four genes demonstrated similar expressional alterations in NTG, HTG, and @entity455 groups versus controls, and only 21 genes demonstrated similar expressional alterations in NTG and HTG groups, having no overlap with the @entity455 group. CONCLUSIONS: This result indicates a potential predisposition of vasospastic individuals to glaucomatous @entity1952 . The targeted expression profiles might be further considered for early/predictive @entity726 diagnosis.

title: Vasospastic individuals demonstrate significant similarity to XXXX @entity1 as revealed by gene expression profiling in circulating leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve atrophy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['VD', 'vascular deregulation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is growing evidence that vasospatic individuals could be predisposed to develop @entity726 . Vasospastic deregulation is ensuing in activation of circulating leukocytes. In previous studies using "gene-hunting" strategies, we demonstrated stable alterations in gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes isolated from @entity726 @entity1 with @entity455 when compared to healthy individuals with no history of @entity16 . The goal of this study was to look for possible similarities in gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes in vasospastic individuals and @entity726 @entity1 . METHODS: Normal-tension (NTG) and high-tension (HTG) @entity726 @entity1 as well as individuals with @entity455 ( @entity455 ) and healthy controls were recruited for the gene expression analysis. The methodology of comparative Expression Array analysis followed by highly sensitive quantitative real-time PCR has been used. RESULTS: Compared to the control group the expression of 146, 68, and 60 genes was found to be altered in NTG, HTG, and @entity455 groups respectively. Thirty-four genes demonstrated similar expressional alterations in NTG, HTG, and @entity455 groups versus controls, and only 21 genes demonstrated similar expressional alterations in NTG and HTG groups, having no overlap with the @entity455 group. CONCLUSIONS: This result indicates a potential predisposition of vasospastic individuals to glaucomatous @entity1952 . The targeted expression profiles might be further considered for early/predictive @entity726 diagnosis.

title: Vasospastic individuals demonstrate significant similarity to @entity726 XXXX as revealed by gene expression profiling in circulating leukocytes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Sinonasal @entity1179 is a benign, @entity2785 , which has a propensity for malignant transformation and recurrence. The evolution of endoscopic trans-nasal surgery has facilitated less destructive and, more functionally and cosmetically acceptable approaches to this @entity5 . Recurrence rates have been shown to be more favourable than after traditional external approaches. Precise surgery is enhanced by pre-operative localisation of the site of @entity5 attachment. The aim of this study was to examine, in a prospective fashion, the predictive value of @entity4421 on the pre-operative CT scan of the paranasal sinuses at correctly identifying the site of attachment of sinonasal @entity1179 . METHOD OF STUDY: Pre-operative CT scans of the paranasal sinuses in 24 @entity1 with histology-proven sinonasal @entity1179 were examined for @entity4421 , allowing a prediction of the site of attachment. Coronal reformats of thin-cut (1mm) axial CT scans were evaluated. Intra-operatively, the actual site of @entity5 attachment was established. A correlation between the predicted and actual site of @entity5 attachment was calculated. MAIN RESULT: The predictive value of the @entity4421 sign was 95%. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION: Pre-operative identification of @entity4421 can be used in 95% of cases to accurately predict the intra-operative site of attachment of sinonasal @entity1179 .

title: Predicting the site of attachment of sinonasal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['inverted papilloma']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['inverted papilloma']