abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the gene for @entity13975 ( @entity13975 ) and @entity1 essential @entity101 , because both the acute and systemic induction of @entity13975 have been suggested to attenuate vascular tone and blood pressure. METHODS: We screened for sequence variations in @entity13975 and conducted an association study, using these polymorphisms, in a large cohort (1998 individuals) representing the general Japanese population. RESULTS We sequenced @entity13975 and found a T(-413)A polymorphism in the promoter region. The frequency of @entity101 individuals and the use of antihypertensive drugs were significantly greater in the AA genotype than in other genotypes among @entity1 : 45.5, 34.2, and 35.0% (P = 0.0099) and 23.4, 17.5, and 15.0% (P = 0.038), respectively, for the AA, @entity1129 , and TT genotypes, respectively. However, this association was not observed in @entity1 . Multiple logistic analyses indicated that the T(-413)A (AA/TA+TT) polymorphism, age, and body mass index affected the occurrence of @entity101 in @entity1 . The odds ratio of the AA genotype for @entity101 in @entity1 was 1.59 (P = 0.0058; 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 2.20). A luciferase reporter assay indicated that the A allele-promoter had eight-fold greater activity than the T allele promoter (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The AA genotype of @entity13975 is associated with an increased incidence of @entity101 in @entity1 . @entity2931 attenuates vasoconstriction by increasing the expression of inducible @entity842 synthase. As @entity1223 , which is one of the products of @entity13975 , can attenuate @entity842 -induced vasodilatation, a high expression of @entity13975 may cause @entity101 , especially in @entity1 .

title: Association of a promoter variant of the haeme oxygenase-1 gene with XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['Oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the gene for @entity13975 ( @entity13975 ) and @entity1 essential @entity101 , because both the acute and systemic induction of @entity13975 have been suggested to attenuate vascular tone and blood pressure. METHODS: We screened for sequence variations in @entity13975 and conducted an association study, using these polymorphisms, in a large cohort (1998 individuals) representing the general Japanese population. RESULTS We sequenced @entity13975 and found a T(-413)A polymorphism in the promoter region. The frequency of @entity101 individuals and the use of antihypertensive drugs were significantly greater in the AA genotype than in other genotypes among @entity1 : 45.5, 34.2, and 35.0% (P = 0.0099) and 23.4, 17.5, and 15.0% (P = 0.038), respectively, for the AA, @entity1129 , and TT genotypes, respectively. However, this association was not observed in @entity1 . Multiple logistic analyses indicated that the T(-413)A (AA/TA+TT) polymorphism, age, and body mass index affected the occurrence of @entity101 in @entity1 . The odds ratio of the AA genotype for @entity101 in @entity1 was 1.59 (P = 0.0058; 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 2.20). A luciferase reporter assay indicated that the A allele-promoter had eight-fold greater activity than the T allele promoter (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The AA genotype of @entity13975 is associated with an increased incidence of @entity101 in @entity1 . @entity2931 attenuates vasoconstriction by increasing the expression of inducible @entity842 synthase. As @entity1223 , which is one of the products of @entity13975 , can attenuate @entity842 -induced vasodilatation, a high expression of @entity13975 may cause @entity101 , especially in @entity1 .

title: Association of a promoter variant of the haeme oxygenase-1 gene with @entity101 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity74 and Best's @entity1020 are synonyma. The different namens for this disease rise from its varying clinical manifestation. The age at which it becomes manifest also varies. Our findings in two families with this @entity74 confirm that the macular changes are polymorphous. Nine different characteristic states of vitelliform @entity1020 can be distinguished. The vitelliform stage may represent a previtelliform or a resorptive stage. The differential diagnosis between vitelliform disc and vitelliform cyst can only be made unequivocally by @entity941 angiography. If the vitelliform cyst is scarred directly the scar is sharply delineated. A vitelliform stage or a pseudohypopyon stage may develop, especially form larger vitelliform cysts. In such cases the final stage may be a poorly delineated foveal scar. Occassionally, a mixed picture of two stages is observed, e.g., of cystic and scarred states. Exact knowledge of all stages of the disease is of great interest with resepct to differential diagnosis.

title: [The various stages of vitelliform XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary autosomal dominant vitelliform macular degeneration', 'hereditary foveal disease']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5745 is a well-known complication of surgical procedures performed with the @entity1 placed in the sitting position. Its incidence and intensity were prospectively studied in 90 consecutive @entity1 undergoing a posterior fossa procedure in this position. Various anesthetic agents, with different effects on cerebral hemodynamics, were used. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three groups. In group 1 (n=30), anesthesia was induced and maintained with @entity1875 . In group 2 (n=30), anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with @entity5161 . In group 3 (n=30), anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with @entity3810 and low-dose @entity5161 . All @entity1 received a load dose and an infusion of @entity3575 . A cerebral computed tomography scan was performed to all @entity1 8 hours after surgery for detecting the presence and location of intracranial air. The size of @entity5745 was ascertained using the formula for calculating the volume of a spheroid: v = PI / 6. x. y. z. Preoperative diagnosis, existence of shunted or non-shunted @entity1276 , type and duration of the surgical procedure, detection of intraoperative @entity1211 , and appearance of new neurological symptoms in the postoperative period, were recorded. RESULTS: All @entity1 included in the study developed postoperative @entity5745 . There were no significant differences (P = 0.133) in the estimated volume of intracranial air between the groups (group 1, volume = 38.3 -/+ 35.4 ml; group 2, volume = 48.9 -/+ 36.3 ml; group 3, volume = 31.5 -/+ 28.4 ml). Only two @entity1 in the group 2 manifested symptoms of @entity16 due to the pressure exerted by the intracranial air. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the hypothetical diverse effects of the three anesthetic techniques used in this series on cerebral hemodynamics, our results suggest that none of them has a substantial effect on the amount of intracranial air detected after posterior fossa procedures performed in seated individuals. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report that addresses in a prospective manner the effects of several habitual anesthetic techniques on the development of @entity5745 in @entity1 submitted to posterior fossa procedures performed in the sitting position.

title: Anesthetic technique and development of XXXX after posterior fossa surgery in the sitting position.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocephalus', 'pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological involvement']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous air embolism']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity5745 :: (MESH:D011007,Disease) :: ['pneumocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the prevalence and severity of @entity4531 in @entity1569 @entity1 and to investigate its effects on sleep and quality of life. METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with @entity1569 in Trakya University Medical Faculty Dermatology Department and also applied to Neurology Department in the same center and 70 volunteer controls were enrolled in the study. Severity of the @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ) was determined using International @entity4531 Study Group (IRLSSG) criteria among the @entity1 who have been diagnosed with @entity4531 based on IRLSSG criteria. The presence of @entity22 in @entity1 was detected using International Classification of @entity25 (ICSD-II) criteria. Additionally, to evaluate the severity of the disease and quality of life, Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) tests were applied to the @entity1 with @entity1569 . RESULTS: @entity4531 frequency in @entity1 with @entity1569 was 28 (40%) compared to the control group 10 (14.2%), and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). IRLSSG severity scores were higher in @entity1 with @entity1569 who had @entity22 secondary to @entity4531 compared to those who did not have @entity22 (p<0.001). The mean values of PASI were 7.54 +/- 6.52 in the presence of @entity22 and 3.27 +/- 2.69 in the absence of @entity22 . The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). No significant difference was found in DLQI scores between @entity1 with @entity4531 and without @entity4531 or between @entity1 with and without @entity22 (p>0.05). DISCUSSIONS: @entity4531 frequency in @entity1 with @entity1569 was significantly higher than in the control group. In addition, we found that @entity4531 is more common but @entity4531 severity was mildly high in @entity1 with @entity1569 relative to controls. However, there was a correlation between the increase in severity of @entity4531 with secondary @entity22 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity4531 . It may be beneficial to consider @entity4531 and @entity22 for each @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1569 .

title: RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME AND INSOMNIA FREQUENCY IN XXXX WITH PSORIASIS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['Restless Legs Syndrome', 'RLS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep Disorders']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: A case of @entity438 which almost completely occluded the internal carotid artery and was diagnosed angiographically by prolonged injection technique was reported. A 62-year-old house-wife was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of The Asahi General Hospital, complaining of @entity10 , @entity390 , and @entity1736 . Neurological examination revealed left IInd, IIIrd, IVth, and VIth @entity129 . Films and laminagrams of the skull demonstrated the double floor of the sella trucica. Plain CT scan showed an oval high density area without surrounding low density area in the left middle cranial fossa. A left carotid angiogram revealed @entity432 at the foramen lacerum. Good cross filling through the anterior communicating artery was seen in the right carotid angiogram. Pre-operative diagnosis was @entity977 which extended to the middle cranial fossa. Left fronto-temporal craniotomy was performed and the @entity5 was suspected to be a @entity438 . Post-operative carotid angiogram by prolonged injection technique also showed a blood channel in the @entity439 and a part of the @entity439 . Left carotid ligation was carried out following intracranial surgery and her symptoms were remarkably improved. Apart from left VIth @entity129 she showed no abnormal neurological findings at discharge. Usefulness of the prolonged injection technique for differential diagnosis of the parasellar @entity5 was stressed.

title: [Giant XXXX visualized by prolonged injection angiography--case report (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['almost complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['left ptosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['giant intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the management of @entity1 @entity5 with @entity16970 ( @entity16970 ) and to evaluate the effect of drug combined with sclerotherapy. METHODS: From Feb. 2007 to Nov. 2014, 25 cases with @entity16970 , who underwent drug therapy combined with sclerotherapy, were retrospectively studied. Oral @entity288 (2 mg/kg per day) was used as the first-line therapy on all of the @entity1 and intravenous @entity1891 (1.5 mg/m2 every week) was added when the platelet counts didn't recover obviously after 2-3 weeks. After the recovery of the platelet counts, the @entity1 were admitted for sclerotherapy (average, 4.56 sessions per case) with 100% @entity285 (1-3 ml per session), @entity968 (1.25-5 ml per session) and @entity5935 (0.25-1 ml per session). All the @entity1 were followed up for 42 months ( range, 9 months to 6.5 years). Therapeutic outcomes were assessed by evaluating platelet counts, size of lesion, function of trunk and limb. RESULTS: All the 25 cases got obvious recovery in the platelet counts [average, (94.3    18.5) x 10(9)/L] after drug therapy, of which 16 were treated by single oral @entity288 for 4-7 weeks and 9 were treated by @entity288 plus intravenous @entity1891 for 2-5 weeks. Meantime, 11 cases received platelet transfusions, of which 3 were coupled with gamma globulin intramuscularly. During the first admission, each of the 25 cases received 1-4 sessions of sclerotherapy (average, 2.6 sessions each case). One week after the sclerotherapy, the platelet counts returned to (167-312) x 10(9)/L (average, (258.5    34.4) x 10(9)/L). The hemoglobin and @entity1003 function returned to normal within 1-5 weeks. Meanwhile the mental condition, appetite, body weight, sleeping were greatly improved. The size of the lesions decreased gradually after the combined therapy including 13 cases within 3-12 months and 13 cases within 13-36 months. Long term follow-up indicated that only 1 case need treatment for recurrent decrease of platelet counts, and all of the 25 cases kept the normal weight, height, immunity as well as the growing development. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity288 plus intravenous @entity1891 combined with sclerotherapy is a reliable management with high cure rate, short course and minor side-effect.

title: [Comprehensive therapy for @entity1 @entity5 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumors']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity16970 :: ('MESH:D059885', 'Disease') :: ['Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon', 'KMP']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['Lauromacrogol']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity16970 :: (MESH:D059885,Disease) :: ['Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the management of @entity1 @entity5 with @entity16970 ( @entity16970 ) and to evaluate the effect of drug combined with sclerotherapy. METHODS: From Feb. 2007 to Nov. 2014, 25 cases with @entity16970 , who underwent drug therapy combined with sclerotherapy, were retrospectively studied. Oral @entity288 (2 mg/kg per day) was used as the first-line therapy on all of the @entity1 and intravenous @entity1891 (1.5 mg/m2 every week) was added when the platelet counts didn't recover obviously after 2-3 weeks. After the recovery of the platelet counts, the @entity1 were admitted for sclerotherapy (average, 4.56 sessions per case) with 100% @entity285 (1-3 ml per session), @entity968 (1.25-5 ml per session) and @entity5935 (0.25-1 ml per session). All the @entity1 were followed up for 42 months ( range, 9 months to 6.5 years). Therapeutic outcomes were assessed by evaluating platelet counts, size of lesion, function of trunk and limb. RESULTS: All the 25 cases got obvious recovery in the platelet counts [average, (94.3    18.5) x 10(9)/L] after drug therapy, of which 16 were treated by single oral @entity288 for 4-7 weeks and 9 were treated by @entity288 plus intravenous @entity1891 for 2-5 weeks. Meantime, 11 cases received platelet transfusions, of which 3 were coupled with gamma globulin intramuscularly. During the first admission, each of the 25 cases received 1-4 sessions of sclerotherapy (average, 2.6 sessions each case). One week after the sclerotherapy, the platelet counts returned to (167-312) x 10(9)/L (average, (258.5    34.4) x 10(9)/L). The hemoglobin and @entity1003 function returned to normal within 1-5 weeks. Meanwhile the mental condition, appetite, body weight, sleeping were greatly improved. The size of the lesions decreased gradually after the combined therapy including 13 cases within 3-12 months and 13 cases within 13-36 months. Long term follow-up indicated that only 1 case need treatment for recurrent decrease of platelet counts, and all of the 25 cases kept the normal weight, height, immunity as well as the growing development. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity288 plus intravenous @entity1891 combined with sclerotherapy is a reliable management with high cure rate, short course and minor side-effect.

title: [Comprehensive therapy for @entity1 XXXX associated with @entity16970 ].

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vascular tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the management of @entity1 @entity5 with @entity16970 ( @entity16970 ) and to evaluate the effect of drug combined with sclerotherapy. METHODS: From Feb. 2007 to Nov. 2014, 25 cases with @entity16970 , who underwent drug therapy combined with sclerotherapy, were retrospectively studied. Oral @entity288 (2 mg/kg per day) was used as the first-line therapy on all of the @entity1 and intravenous @entity1891 (1.5 mg/m2 every week) was added when the platelet counts didn't recover obviously after 2-3 weeks. After the recovery of the platelet counts, the @entity1 were admitted for sclerotherapy (average, 4.56 sessions per case) with 100% @entity285 (1-3 ml per session), @entity968 (1.25-5 ml per session) and @entity5935 (0.25-1 ml per session). All the @entity1 were followed up for 42 months ( range, 9 months to 6.5 years). Therapeutic outcomes were assessed by evaluating platelet counts, size of lesion, function of trunk and limb. RESULTS: All the 25 cases got obvious recovery in the platelet counts [average, (94.3    18.5) x 10(9)/L] after drug therapy, of which 16 were treated by single oral @entity288 for 4-7 weeks and 9 were treated by @entity288 plus intravenous @entity1891 for 2-5 weeks. Meantime, 11 cases received platelet transfusions, of which 3 were coupled with gamma globulin intramuscularly. During the first admission, each of the 25 cases received 1-4 sessions of sclerotherapy (average, 2.6 sessions each case). One week after the sclerotherapy, the platelet counts returned to (167-312) x 10(9)/L (average, (258.5    34.4) x 10(9)/L). The hemoglobin and @entity1003 function returned to normal within 1-5 weeks. Meanwhile the mental condition, appetite, body weight, sleeping were greatly improved. The size of the lesions decreased gradually after the combined therapy including 13 cases within 3-12 months and 13 cases within 13-36 months. Long term follow-up indicated that only 1 case need treatment for recurrent decrease of platelet counts, and all of the 25 cases kept the normal weight, height, immunity as well as the growing development. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity288 plus intravenous @entity1891 combined with sclerotherapy is a reliable management with high cure rate, short course and minor side-effect.

title: [Comprehensive therapy for XXXX @entity5 associated with @entity16970 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: OBJECT: The objective of this study was to describe a single surgeon's experience managing @entity66 due to @entity1691 . METHODS: The authors undertook a retrospective review of the records of @entity1 with @entity66 due to @entity1691 who were evaluated and treated by the senior author. Charts were reviewed for symptoms and signs at presentation, radiography results, treatment, and outcome. In addition, some of the @entity1 had pathology reports available for review. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 with @entity66 due to @entity1691 were identified who were evaluated by the senior author in the years 1990-2008. The most common presenting symptoms were @entity4048 (37.5%), @entity129 (37.5%), and @entity132 (62.5%). On examination, the most common findings were limited cervical range of motion (37.5%), @entity425 (50%), and @entity602 (75%). Radiographic evaluation revealed @entity9807 , retroodontoid @entity2070 formation, @entity3473 , and @entity79 . Surgery was offered to all of the @entity1 , 7 of whom underwent operations. In most cases, the treatment was @entity5663 followed by occipitocervical fusion. One @entity1 with a reducible lesion underwent dorsal fusion alone. Neurological outcomes were favorable overall. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity1691 varies among reports. These cases are rare in most neurosurgery clinics. It is important to recognize that @entity1 with @entity1691 are at risk for @entity66 , similar to @entity1 with @entity309 . Principles common to the management of other CVJ pathologies apply to these @entity1 as well.

title: XXXX of the craniovertebral junction: a single surgeon's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVJ disease', 'craniovertebral junction (CVJ) disease']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['transoral-transpalatopharyngeal decompression']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['basilar invagination']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial subluxation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['Ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity995 is the most common @entity2093 in @entity1 . Left untreated it spreads to the brain via the optic nerve. Traditional therapy is enucleation, and while this procedure is still the most common treatment worldwide, modern eye-preserving therapies can often spare the globe. However, @entity1 with @entity995 often present in advanced stages of the disease when these globe-preserving strategies are often insufficient to prevent enucleation. In these challenging cases, direct infusion of chemotherapy into the ophthalmic artery has been attempted to achieve @entity5 control. The authors' aim in this study was to report on their initial experience with and clinical results for this approach. METHODS: The authors prospectively collected data on all cases of @entity995 treated with selective intraophthalmic melphalan at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. All cases were classified as International Intraocular @entity995 Classification (IIRC) Group D or Reese-Ellsworth Group Vb, had not responded to aggressive multimodal therapy consisting of chemotherapy and focal consolidating laser therapy, and were pending enucleation. Using digital subtraction angiography, a microcatheter was navigated under roadmap guidance into the ophthalmic artery, and melphalan was infused over 40 minutes. Early in the series, @entity1 were treated with 3 or 5 mg of melphalan, but after low response rates occurred all eyes were treated with 7.5 mg of @entity3601 . All @entity1 were examined with funduscopy while under anesthesia 3 weeks after treatment and every 3 months thereafter. @entity1 with persistent disease were retreated with repeat infusions of melphalan. RESULTS: Twenty-six procedures were performed to treat 17 @entity5 in 15 @entity1 . Successful cannulation of the ophthalmic artery was achieved in all cases. The follow-up ranged from 3 to 12 months, with a mean of 8.6 months. Overall, 76% of the @entity5 responded to therapy and these cases were spared enucleation. The average number of treatments was 1.5 per @entity5 . Of the responders, 54% responded to a single dose of melphalan. Treatment with the higher dose of 7.5 mg up front was associated with a lower enucleation rate (0% vs 36%) as compared with the lower starting dose. Delayed @entity548 occurred after 4 (15%) of 26 treatments, and these cases were treated with enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: In this challenging group of advanced @entity995 refractory to aggressive multimodal therapy, virtually 100% of eyes are generally enucleated. In contrast, the authors' protocol of infusing melphalan directly into the ophthalmic artery led to a dramatic decrease in the enucleation rate to 23.5%. While it is now the treatment of choice for refractory @entity995 at their center, its role in less @entity1442 remains to be elucidated.

title: Selective ophthalmic artery infusion of chemotherapy for XXXX : initial experience with 17 @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity2093 :: ('MESH:D005134', 'Disease') :: ['ocular neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastomas']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['advanced intraocular retinoblastoma']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity995 is the most common @entity2093 in @entity1 . Left untreated it spreads to the brain via the optic nerve. Traditional therapy is enucleation, and while this procedure is still the most common treatment worldwide, modern eye-preserving therapies can often spare the globe. However, @entity1 with @entity995 often present in advanced stages of the disease when these globe-preserving strategies are often insufficient to prevent enucleation. In these challenging cases, direct infusion of chemotherapy into the ophthalmic artery has been attempted to achieve @entity5 control. The authors' aim in this study was to report on their initial experience with and clinical results for this approach. METHODS: The authors prospectively collected data on all cases of @entity995 treated with selective intraophthalmic melphalan at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. All cases were classified as International Intraocular @entity995 Classification (IIRC) Group D or Reese-Ellsworth Group Vb, had not responded to aggressive multimodal therapy consisting of chemotherapy and focal consolidating laser therapy, and were pending enucleation. Using digital subtraction angiography, a microcatheter was navigated under roadmap guidance into the ophthalmic artery, and melphalan was infused over 40 minutes. Early in the series, @entity1 were treated with 3 or 5 mg of melphalan, but after low response rates occurred all eyes were treated with 7.5 mg of @entity3601 . All @entity1 were examined with funduscopy while under anesthesia 3 weeks after treatment and every 3 months thereafter. @entity1 with persistent disease were retreated with repeat infusions of melphalan. RESULTS: Twenty-six procedures were performed to treat 17 @entity5 in 15 @entity1 . Successful cannulation of the ophthalmic artery was achieved in all cases. The follow-up ranged from 3 to 12 months, with a mean of 8.6 months. Overall, 76% of the @entity5 responded to therapy and these cases were spared enucleation. The average number of treatments was 1.5 per @entity5 . Of the responders, 54% responded to a single dose of melphalan. Treatment with the higher dose of 7.5 mg up front was associated with a lower enucleation rate (0% vs 36%) as compared with the lower starting dose. Delayed @entity548 occurred after 4 (15%) of 26 treatments, and these cases were treated with enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: In this challenging group of advanced @entity995 refractory to aggressive multimodal therapy, virtually 100% of eyes are generally enucleated. In contrast, the authors' protocol of infusing melphalan directly into the ophthalmic artery led to a dramatic decrease in the enucleation rate to 23.5%. While it is now the treatment of choice for refractory @entity995 at their center, its role in less @entity1442 remains to be elucidated.

title: Selective ophthalmic artery infusion of chemotherapy for @entity995 : initial experience with 17 XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: The ENOD40 gene, found in several leguminous and non-leguminous plant species is expressed in the pericycle of legume roots early in the nodulation process, adjacent to the protoxylem poles, but before the cortical cells divide to form the nodule itself. The ENOD40 transcript contains only short open reading frames which give rise to short peptides with a signaling function. The current work reports the cloning and analysis of ENOD40 genes from @entity5369 ( @entity5369 ) and @entity2247 ( @entity2247 ). Specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques lead to the isolation of a 659 bp cDNA encoding an ENOD40 homologue, designated LpE-NOD40, from a @entity5369 stem cDNA library. In addition, a partial ENOD40 cDNA of 384 bp was isolated from @entity2247 ( @entity2247 ) by RT-PCR cloning. The LpENOD40 transcript encodes a putative dodecapeptide, similar to that identified in ENOD40s from leguminous plants and other dicots, and also to ENOD40s from monocots. The coding sequences of ryegrass and @entity2247 ENOD40 are represented by a short open reading frame of 12 @entity1522 . These show a high degree of similarity to each other and to other ENOD40 sequences from monocots. The corresponding genomic DNA from a genomic ryegrass lambda library revealed that the LpENOD40 gene contains no introns. Southern blot analysis shows that the ryegrass genome contains a single copy, possibly two copies, of the gene. Alignment of the ENOD40 cDNA sequences from ryegrass and @entity2247 revealed high (77%) @entity377 homology. The ENOD40 peptides are highly conserved, not only among monocots but also on comparison with the dicot peptides. The @entity535 identity of region I from ryegrass with its counterparts in @entity2829 , @entity2247 and @entity579 is 92, 83 and 75% respectively. Expression analysis by RT-PCR demonstrates that a high level of LpENOD40 gene transcript was found expressed in stem tissue, while a lower level was detected in leaves and only a very low expression in flowers of @entity5369 . No LpENOD40 transcript was detected in roots.

title: Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a ryegrass ( XXXX ) ENOD40 homologue.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2247 :: ('4513', 'Species') :: ['Hordeum vulgare', 'barley']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['perennial ryegrass', 'Lolium perenne']

answer: @entity5369 :: (4522,Species) :: ['Lolium perenne']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 varying in age between 5 and 20 years at the time of surgical closure of @entity1757 were studied 2 to 9 years postoperatively. Ventricular function was studied by echocardiography and measurement of systolic time intervals for the left and right ventricles and the findings were related to clinical and haemodynamic results of operation. The @entity1757 was closed in all instances and the haemodynamic situation was normalized in all but 2 @entity1 who had persisting @entity358 . @entity714 ( @entity714 ) was recorded in 11 instances and in 5 there was an associated @entity2270 ( @entity2270 ), suggesting @entity1347 . @entity2270 occurred as an @entity154 in another 2 @entity1 . The heart size was within normal limits in all the @entity1 . @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) was recorded in 13 of the 20 @entity1 , but other echocardiographic analyses, such as LV end-diastolic dimension, left atrial/aortic root ratio, posterior wall velocity index and maximal endocardial velocity, were all within predicted normal limits. There was an almost uniform prolongation of both left and right pre-ejection periods. left and right ejection period as a rule remained normal and gave an increased PEP/ET ratio, indicating the presence of postoperative @entity67 also in instances with complete normalization of the haemodynamic situation. Suggested background mechanisms for these findings are the frequent occurrence of conduction defects postoperatively, the likelihood of altered ventricular compliance and possibly also as a cause of @entity1757 postoperative presence of an opened pericardial sac.

title: Ventricular dynamics after surgical closure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['isolated anomaly']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'Right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior hemiblock']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'Abnormal septal motion', 'ASM']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['left axis deviation', 'LAD']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['VSD']


abstract: Subjects were 51 @entity1 undergoing folded pharyngeal flap surgery for @entity1739 at the Department of Otolaryngology of Kagawa Medical University between August 1985 and July 2001. @entity66 were @entity2419 in 27 (53%), @entity2419 in 8 (16%), and @entity1739 in 16 (31%). In history, 31% with @entity1739 , 25% with @entity2419 , and 11% with @entity2419 had @entity154 . In addition, 56% with @entity1739 , 38% with @entity2419 , and 15% with @entity2419 had @entity1032 , indicating that it occurred with high frequency in @entity1 with @entity1739 . The postoperative improvement of nasality was investigated in 48 @entity1 whose progress could be observed for more than 1 year. Of 39 preoperatively diagnosed with advanced velopharyngeal dysfunction, 34 (87%) showed improved nasality. Of 9 with preoperatively @entity348 , 8 (89%) improved nasality. The blowing test showed no difference in results between @entity1 who had advanced and @entity348 . Articulation on speech level improved to be normal in 78% of @entity1 with @entity348 , but only in 46% of those with @entity1442 . Improvement of articulation on a speech level was high (86%) in @entity1 with @entity2419 , but low in @entity1 with @entity1739 who had @entity1032 . Further study is required to detail postoperative prognosis factors.

title: [Clinical analysis of XXXX in @entity1 with folded pharyngeal flap].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Causal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['congenital velopharyngeal incompetence', 'velopharyngeal incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced deficiency']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['slight deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'submucous cleft palate']

answer: @entity1739 :: (MESH:D014681,Disease) :: ['velopharyngeal incompetence']


abstract: Subjects were 51 @entity1 undergoing folded pharyngeal flap surgery for @entity1739 at the Department of Otolaryngology of Kagawa Medical University between August 1985 and July 2001. @entity66 were @entity2419 in 27 (53%), @entity2419 in 8 (16%), and @entity1739 in 16 (31%). In history, 31% with @entity1739 , 25% with @entity2419 , and 11% with @entity2419 had @entity154 . In addition, 56% with @entity1739 , 38% with @entity2419 , and 15% with @entity2419 had @entity1032 , indicating that it occurred with high frequency in @entity1 with @entity1739 . The postoperative improvement of nasality was investigated in 48 @entity1 whose progress could be observed for more than 1 year. Of 39 preoperatively diagnosed with advanced velopharyngeal dysfunction, 34 (87%) showed improved nasality. Of 9 with preoperatively @entity348 , 8 (89%) improved nasality. The blowing test showed no difference in results between @entity1 who had advanced and @entity348 . Articulation on speech level improved to be normal in 78% of @entity1 with @entity348 , but only in 46% of those with @entity1442 . Improvement of articulation on a speech level was high (86%) in @entity1 with @entity2419 , but low in @entity1 with @entity1739 who had @entity1032 . Further study is required to detail postoperative prognosis factors.

title: [Clinical analysis of @entity1739 in XXXX with folded pharyngeal flap].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Abstract @entity3064 is the most common nosocomial pathogen among all @entity3064 spp. A. baumannii tend to be resistant to multiple antibiotics, and represent a severe threat in the treatment of hospitalized @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, biotyping, and antibiotic resistance status of A. baumannii isolates recovered from submitted hospital clinical specimens. The in-vitro activity of 29 currently used antimicrobial agents was studied in 180 isolates of A. baumannii. The prevalence was higher in wound exudates (32%) and urine samples (22%) than in other specimens. Forty-six percent of the isolates were of biotype 9. The evolution of resistance from November 1996 through October 1998 was studied. More than 75% of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and more than 70% were #-lactamase producers. @entity4509 , @entity869 + @entity5899 , and @entity2892 are still effective antimicrobial agents, but a steady rise in the values of the minimum inhibitory concentration at which 50% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC50 )and MIC90 was observed. Resistance to @entity5646 (60%), @entity14116 (60%), @entity2892 (29%), @entity3399 (73%), and @entity18255 (25%) was noted; @entity14116 and @entity18255 are not generally used in this hospital. From the findings of the present study, no single drug appears to be suitable for empirical therapy for this nosocomial pathogen. Abstract @entity3064 is the most common nosocomial pathogen among all @entity3064 spp. A. baumannii tend to be resistant to multiple antibiotics, and represent a severe threat in the treatment of hospitalized @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, biotyping, and antibiotic resistance status of A. baumannii isolates recovered from submitted hospital clinical specimens. The in-vitro activity of 29 currently used antimicrobial agents was studied in 180 isolates of A. baumannii. The prevalence was higher in wound exudates (32%) and urine samples (22%) than in other specimens. Forty-six percent of the isolates were of biotype 9. The evolution of resistance from November 1996 through October 1998 was studied. More than 75% of the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) and more than 70% were #-lactamase producers. @entity4509 , @entity869 + @entity5899 , and @entity2892 are still effective antimicrobial agents, but a steady rise in the values of the minimum inhibitory concentration at which 50% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC50) and MIC90 was observed. Resistance to @entity5646 (60%), @entity14116 (60%), @entity2892 (29%), @entity3399 (73%), and @entity18255 (25%) was noted; @entity14116 and @entity18255 are not generally used in this hospital. From the findings of the present study, no single drug appears to be suitable for empirical therapy for this nosocomial pathogen.

title: Multidrug resistant XXXX isolates from a teaching hospital.

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity14116 :: ('MESH:C052904', 'Chemical') :: ['enrofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity18255 :: ('MESH:C061363', 'Chemical') :: ['sparfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter', 'Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

entities_list: @entity3399 :: ('MESH:D009070', 'Chemical') :: ['moxalactam']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: Isolated atelectasis of the middle lobe has been known for many years as the " @entity11294 ". Several clinical studies have shown that it may bae caused by @entity5 . A 10-year study of 135 @entity1 with isolated @entity11294 is presented. Fifty-eight @entity1 (43%) had @entity5 . Of 38 who had a thoracotomy, lung resection was possible in 25. In 20 @entity1 regional or systemic dissemination of the @entity5 had been diagnosed before operation. Seventy-seven @entity1 had benign diseases, of which 74 were non-specific infections. Bronchography was performed in 46 of these cases, and all had abnormal findings in the middle lobe, eight revealing definite @entity4595 . In three cases @entity378 was found. In 16 cases the benign diagnosis was established at thoracotomy. Only three @entity1 out of 58 with @entity5 lived more than five years. Atelectasis of the middle lobe is always a sign of potential @entity5 especially in @entity1 with a previously normal chest radiograph.

title: Isolated XXXX : aetiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of the so-called @entity11294 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity11294 :: ('MESH:D008878', 'Disease') :: ['middle lobe atelectasis', 'middle lobe syndrome']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity11294 :: (MESH:D008878,Disease) :: ['middle lobe atelectasis']


abstract: Isolated atelectasis of the middle lobe has been known for many years as the " @entity11294 ". Several clinical studies have shown that it may bae caused by @entity5 . A 10-year study of 135 @entity1 with isolated @entity11294 is presented. Fifty-eight @entity1 (43%) had @entity5 . Of 38 who had a thoracotomy, lung resection was possible in 25. In 20 @entity1 regional or systemic dissemination of the @entity5 had been diagnosed before operation. Seventy-seven @entity1 had benign diseases, of which 74 were non-specific infections. Bronchography was performed in 46 of these cases, and all had abnormal findings in the middle lobe, eight revealing definite @entity4595 . In three cases @entity378 was found. In 16 cases the benign diagnosis was established at thoracotomy. Only three @entity1 out of 58 with @entity5 lived more than five years. Atelectasis of the middle lobe is always a sign of potential @entity5 especially in @entity1 with a previously normal chest radiograph.

title: Isolated @entity11294 : aetiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of the so-called XXXX .

answer: @entity11294 :: (MESH:D008878,Disease) :: ['middle lobe syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The population of @entity1 who received right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt (RV-PA) at Norwood procedure (NP) is growing, but limited data are available regarding the long-term outcome. The aim of this study was to present operative outcomes and mid-term hemodynamics and to assess the impact of the residual @entity2333 on the results in @entity1 undergoing three-staged surgery with RV-PA application at NP. METHODS: Between June 2001 and June 2009, 229 @entity1 with @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) and variants underwent NP with RV-PA; 172 have proceeded to stage II and 95 to stage III. The medical records (clinical data, echocardiographic records, cardiac catheterization reports, electrocardiograms, and surgical notes) were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The later era of NP was associated with significantly better outcome (2001-2004: 1- and 5-years' survival were 64.3% and 59.8%, respectively; 2005-2009: 1- and 4-years' survival were 93.1% and 86.9%, respectively) (p<0.001). There was no association between long-term survival and diagnosis ( @entity1699 / @entity1699 variant) (p=0.39). The incidence of @entity308 and moderate or severe systemic @entity338 among the @entity1 who required balloon aortoplasty (BA) before stage II surgery was significantly higher than in @entity1 without aortic arch obstruction (p=0.027, p=0.008, respectively). In midterm follow-up, BA had no significant influence on the actuarial survival (p=0.089). No @entity943 were noticed at any stage. CONCLUSIONS: The RV-PA shunt is a safe technique that does not seem to impair systolic or electrical ventricular function; its outcomes continue to improve with growing experience. Combined cardiologic interventional and surgical procedures are required to optimize the outcomes.

title: Significance of the residual XXXX in multistage repair of @entity1699 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed ventricular function']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The population of @entity1 who received right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt (RV-PA) at Norwood procedure (NP) is growing, but limited data are available regarding the long-term outcome. The aim of this study was to present operative outcomes and mid-term hemodynamics and to assess the impact of the residual @entity2333 on the results in @entity1 undergoing three-staged surgery with RV-PA application at NP. METHODS: Between June 2001 and June 2009, 229 @entity1 with @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) and variants underwent NP with RV-PA; 172 have proceeded to stage II and 95 to stage III. The medical records (clinical data, echocardiographic records, cardiac catheterization reports, electrocardiograms, and surgical notes) were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The later era of NP was associated with significantly better outcome (2001-2004: 1- and 5-years' survival were 64.3% and 59.8%, respectively; 2005-2009: 1- and 4-years' survival were 93.1% and 86.9%, respectively) (p<0.001). There was no association between long-term survival and diagnosis ( @entity1699 / @entity1699 variant) (p=0.39). The incidence of @entity308 and moderate or severe systemic @entity338 among the @entity1 who required balloon aortoplasty (BA) before stage II surgery was significantly higher than in @entity1 without aortic arch obstruction (p=0.027, p=0.008, respectively). In midterm follow-up, BA had no significant influence on the actuarial survival (p=0.089). No @entity943 were noticed at any stage. CONCLUSIONS: The RV-PA shunt is a safe technique that does not seem to impair systolic or electrical ventricular function; its outcomes continue to improve with growing experience. Combined cardiologic interventional and surgical procedures are required to optimize the outcomes.

title: Significance of the residual @entity2333 in multistage repair of XXXX .

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been suggested to play a role in causing cognitive and @entity146 . In the present study we investigated the pathogenic potential of aPL by intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) administration of immunoglobulins (IgG) from patients with @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). IgG, purified from the sera of four @entity1701 @entity1 , was tested for binding to normal @entity19 brain by immunohistological staining. These IgG (7.5 microg) were injected ICV unilaterally to male C3H @entity19 . @entity19 injected with IgG purified from pooled sera derived from healthy subjects served as controls. The @entity19 were examined neurologically for motor function and coordination, and cognitively in a Morris water maze. The cognitive tests were performed with the experimenter blinded to the treatment. The performance of the @entity19 in four separate experiments was compared by analysis of variance with repeated measures. IgG from one @entity1701 @entity1 was found to bind best to neuronal structures in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. @entity19 (n = 43) injected with this IgG performed worse in the water maze compared to the controls (n = 45) with significant effects of the aPL IgG on the overall performance of the @entity19 (treatment, P < 0.03), on learning throughout the experiment (treatment x day, P < 0.02) and on short term memory (treatment x day xtrial, P < 0.002). IgG injected from two of the three other @entity1 also bound specifically to @entity19 brain neurons and produced an impairment in performance of the water maze. These results support the hypothesis that aPL that gain access to the central nervous system may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of neurological manifestations of @entity1701 .

title: Neuronal-binding antibodies from patients with XXXX induce cognitive deficits following intrathecal passive transfer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral impairments']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: Our objective was to review current large studies of @entity1082 ) DNA testing as an adjunct to the Papanicolaou test for cervical @entity5 screening programs. We analyzed 10 large screening studies that used the Hybrid Capture 2 test and 3 studies that used the polymerase chain reaction test in a manner that enabled reliable estimates of accuracy for detecting or predicting high-grade @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ). Most studies allowed comparison of HPV DNA and Papanicolaou testing and estimates of the performance of Papanicolaou and HPV DNA as combined tests. The studies were selected on the basis of a sufficient number of cases of high-grade @entity3146 and @entity5 to provide meaningful statistical values. Investigators had to demonstrate the ability to generate reasonably reliable Hybrid Capture 2 or polymerase chain reaction data that were either minimally biased by nature of study design or that permitted analytical techniques for addressing issues of study bias to be applied. Studies had to provide data for the calculation of test sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, odds ratios, relative risks, confidence intervals, and other relevant measures. Final data were abstracted directly from published articles or estimated from descriptive statistics presented in the articles. In some studies, new analyses were performed from raw data supplied by the principal investigators. We concluded that HPV DNA testing was a more sensitive indicator for prevalent high-grade @entity3146 than either conventional or liquid cytology. A combination of HPV DNA and Papanicolaou testing had almost 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value. The specificity of the combined tests was slightly lower than the specificity of the Papanicolaou test alone, but this decrease could potentially be offset by greater protection from neoplastic progression and cost savings available from extended screening intervals. One "double-negative" HPV DNA and Papanicolaou test indicated better prognostic assurance against risk of future @entity3146 3 than 3 subsequent negative conventional Papanicolaou tests and may safely allow 3-year screening intervals for such low-risk @entity1 .

title: XXXX DNA testing as an adjunct to cytology in cervical screening programs.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human papillomavirus']


abstract: AIMS: The application of felted foam is a promising method for plantar pressure reduction in the @entity1066 region of @entity4760 , but knowledge of its effects on wound healing is sparse. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of felted foam on wound healing in @entity4760 compared with a standard method of plantar pressure relief. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 54 Type 1 or Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with neuropathic @entity4760 were evaluated in this prospective randomized controlled study. @entity1066 was assessed by planimetric measurement of the wound area at beginning of the study and after 10 weeks and at least until wound healing. The @entity1 were consecutively enrolled in the study; 24 @entity1 were randomized to the felted foam therapy, and 30 @entity1 were randomized to conventional therapy. RESULTS: In the felted foam group, the initial average wound area was 102.3 +/- 45.3 @entity202 (mean +/- sd), and 5.4 +/- 3.1 @entity202 after 10 weeks with an average healing time of 75 days [95% confidence interval (CI) 67-84]. In the conventional therapy group, the initial average wound area was 112.5 +/- 50.8 @entity202 , and 10.6 +/- 4.2 @entity202 after 10 weeks with an average healing time of 85 days (95% CI 79-92) (P = 0.03). The mean wound radius decreased by 0.48 mm (95% CI 0.42-0.56) per week in the felted foam group and by 0.39 mm (95% CI 0.35-0.42) per week in the conventional group (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The felted foam technique appears to be at least as effective as @entity1411 treatment. It may be a useful alternative in treating @entity1411 , especially in @entity1 who are not able to avoid weight-bearing reliably.

title: The effects of applied felted foam on wound healing and healing times in the therapy of neuropathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'Ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['conventional plantar ulcer', 'neuropathic foot ulceration']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The inflammatory cascade has emerged as the primary mediator of reperfusion injury. Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a rapid response transcription factor that activates genes responsible for the mediators of @entity32 . @entity1457 protein 70 (HSP70) has been shown to protect against @entity651 . We hypothesized that the antioxidant @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ), an inhibitor of NF-kappaB and upregulator of HSP70, would decrease @entity651 after @entity63 and reperfusion. METHODS: Using our isolated, ventilated, blood-perfused @entity95 lung model, all groups underwent lung harvest followed by 10-h storage (4 degrees C) and blood reperfusion for 30 min. Group I lungs (n = 5) served as controls. In group II lungs (n = 5), both lung and blood donors received @entity14568 (100 mg/kg) intravenously 30 min before harvest. NF-kappaB activity was evaluated with electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and Western blot was performed for HSP70. RESULTS: Group II demonstrated superior pulmonary function. Although HSP70 expression was somewhat elevated in group II lungs, NF-kappaB binding activity was not different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14568 improves pulmonary function after @entity63 and reperfusion in an isolated @entity95 lung model. The improved function correlates with elevated HSP70 expression during initial reperfusion, independent of NF-kappaB activity.

title: XXXX reduces lung reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity13373 :: (MESH:C020972,Chemical) :: ['Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The North Central @entity5 Treatment Group performed a phase III trial to determine whether chemotherapy plus either bid radiation therapy (RT) or daily (qd) RT resulted in a better outcome for @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity1149 ). No difference in survival was identified between the two arms. This secondary analysis was performed to examine the relationship between @entity1 age and outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: Two hundred forty-six @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity2879 plus @entity900 and either RT qd or split-course RT bid. This retrospective study compared the outcomes of @entity1 aged >/=70 years ("elderly @entity1 ") with those of younger individuals. Of the 244 assessable @entity1 , 63 (26%) were elderly, and 181 (74%) were younger individuals. RESULTS: The 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 39% and 18%, respectively, in @entity1 younger than 70 years, compared with 36% and 13%, respectively, in elderly @entity1 (P =.4). Grade 4+ @entity137 occurred in 62% of @entity1 younger than 70 years compared with 81% of elderly @entity1 (P =.007). Grade 4+ hematologic @entity137 occurred in 56% of @entity1 younger than 70 years, compared with 78% of elderly @entity1 (P =.003). Grade 4+ @entity55 occurred in 1% of those younger than 70 years, compared with 6% of elderly @entity1 (P =.02). CONCLUSION: @entity137 , especially myelosuppression and @entity55 , was more pronounced in the elderly @entity1 receiving combined-modality therapy for locally advanced @entity1149 . Despite increased @entity137 , elderly @entity1 have survival rates equivalent to younger individuals. Therefore, fit, elderly @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1149 should be encouraged to receive combined-modality therapy, preferably on clinical trials with cautious, judicious monitoring. Future studies should explore ways to decrease @entity137 of therapy in elderly @entity1 .

title: The outcome of combined-modality therapy for XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small-cell lung cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Face imagery can access facial memories without the use of perceptual stimuli. Current data on the relation of imagery to the perceptual function and neuroanatomy of prosopagnosic @entity1 are mixed, and little is known about the type of facial information @entity1 can access through imagery. OBJECTIVE: The authors wished to determine 1) which lesions abolished face imagery in @entity10400 , 2) if deficits in perceiving facial structure were paralleled by similar deficits in imagery, and 3) if covert recognition of faces correlated with the degree of residual imagery for faces. METHODS: The authors tested nine prosopagnosic @entity1 who had been tested previously for perception of facial configuration and covert recognition of famous faces. The authors constructed a battery of 37 questions that asked subjects to imagine the faces of two celebrities and to choose which one had a certain facial property. Half were questions about facial features and half were about overall facial shape. RESULTS: Imagery was abolished only by anterior temporal lesions. Imagery for facial shape but not features was degraded by lesions of the right hemisphere's fusiform face area, which severely @entity73 . Feature imagery was degraded only when there was associated left occipito-temporal damage. Covert recognition was found when either configural perception or imagery was severely damaged, but not when both were abnormal. In @entity1 with @entity73 , covert recognition correlated with feature imagery, suggesting that feature-based processing may drive residual covert abilities in these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Although anterior temporal cortex may be the site of facial memory stores, these data also support hypotheses that perceptual areas like the fusiform face area have parallel contributions to mental imagery. The data on covert recognition are consistent with a view that it is the residue of a partially damaged face-recognition network. Covert recognition may reflect the degree of damage across components of a network rather than mark a specific form of @entity10400 or a dissociated pathway.

title: Face imagery and its relation to perception and covert recognition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired perception of facial configuration', 'impaired configural perception']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['prosopagnosia']

answer: @entity10400 :: (MESH:D020238,Disease) :: ['prosopagnosia']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: In @entity13962 ( @entity13962 ), a pediatric @entity66 that may be mistaken for nonaccidental @entity130 , expeditious detection is critical as early treatment may substantially improve @entity1155 . In this study, we examine in depth the magnetic resonance (MR) findings, with special attention to the basal ganglia, in 4 new cases and compare the findings with those described in the literature. METHODS: MR studies of 4 @entity1 , diagnosed to have @entity13962 via cultured fibroblast enzyme studies or urine metabolite assays, were performed on a 1.5 T system in the axial plane using spin echo T(1)-weighted, fast spin echo T(2)-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) technique. Three of 4 @entity1 were followed with serial exams to document temporal evolution of the disease. RESULTS: On T(2)-weighted images, abnormal increased signal intensity was seen in both the putamen and globus pallidus in all cases. However, in contradistinction to cases reported in the literature, involvement of the caudate nucleus was minimal or absent even on serial MR exams. In @entity1 15 months and older, FLAIR improved recognition of basal ganglia and @entity62 . The previously described widened cerebrospinal fluid spaces anterior to the temporal lobes, increased T(2)-weighted signal intensity in the periventricular white matter, and widened sylvian fissures characteristic of @entity13962 were noted in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities of the caudate nucleus are not a prominent presentation of these @entity1 and the absence of this finding should not exclude a diagnosis of @entity13962 . FLAIR scans, as an adjunct to more conventional T(1)- and T(2)-weighted sequences, can play an important role in @entity1 15 months or older despite immature myelination in these @entity1 .

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in XXXX : a review of the literature and a report of four new cases with attention to the basal ganglia and imaging technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['neurometabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity13962 :: ('MESH:C536833', 'Disease') :: ['GA I', 'glutaric acidemia type I']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter abnormalities']

answer: @entity13962 :: (MESH:C536833,Disease) :: ['glutaric acidemia type I']


abstract: Uncontrolled donation after @entity204 (DCD) could increase the donor pool in the UK. Air ambulance (AA) teams may be well placed to recruit these donors. They cover large geographical areas, have short transfer times and tasked predominantly to life-threatening cases. The potential to recruit from this pool of donors was reviewed. Seventy-five month activity of an AA unit was analysed identifying @entity1 who entered prehospital @entity1167 (PHCA). @entity1 over 70 years of age were excluded as were those whose @entity1167 was unwitnessed. A minimum potential donor pool was estimated based upon @entity1 dying of medical causes. Rates of bystander resuscitation, mechanism of @entity204 and @entity1 demographic data were observed. During 10,022 missions 534 @entity1 entered @entity30322 . A total of 106 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. There were 12 paediatric cases; 39 cases of 17-50 year olds and 55 cases of 50-70 year olds. Medical and traumatic causes of @entity204 accounted for 60 and 46 cases respectively. Bystander resuscitation efforts were provided in 47% of cases. A regional AA could contribute to a national uncontrolled DCD programme. Given that there are 31 AA's in England and Wales, we estimate that there could be a minimum of 300 additional potential donors annually.

title: Uncontrolled organ donation following prehospital XXXX : a potential solution to the shortage of organ donors in the United Kingdom?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate measurement of quality of life in older ICU survivors is difficult but critical for understanding the long-term impact of our treatments. Activities of daily living (ADLs) are important components of functional status and more easily measured than quality of life (QOL). We sought to determine the cross-sectional associations between disability in ADLs and QOL as measured by version one of the Short Form 12-item Health Survey (SF-12) at both one month and one year post-ICU discharge. METHODS: Data was prospectively collected on 309 @entity1 over age 60 admitted to the Yale-New Haven Hospital Medical ICU between 2002 and 2004. Among survivors an assessment of ADL's and QOL was performed at one month and one-year post-ICU discharge. The SF-12 was scored using the version one norm based scoring with 1990 population norms. Multivariable regression was used to adjust the association between ADLs and QOL for important covariates. RESULTS: Our analysis of SF-12 data from 110 @entity1 at one month post-ICU discharge showed that @entity308 and @entity717 were associated with decreased QOL. Our model accounted for 17% of variability in SF12 physical scores (PCS) and 20% of variability in SF12 mental scores (MCS). The mean PCS of 37 was significantly lower than the population mean whereas the mean MCS score of 51 was similar to the population mean. At one year mean PCS scores improved and @entity717 was no longer significantly associated with QOL. Mortality was 17% (53 @entity1 ) at ICU discharge, 26% (79 @entity1 ) at hospital discharge, 33% (105 @entity1 ) at one month post ICU admission, and was 45% (138 @entity1 ) at one year post ICU discharge. CONCLUSIONS: In our population of older ICU survivors, disability in ADLs was associated with reduced QOL as measured by the SF-12 at one month but not at one year. Although better markers of QOL in ICU survivors are needed, ADLs are a readily observable outcome. In the meantime, clinicians must try to offer realistic estimates of prognosis based on available data and resources are needed to assist ICU survivors with impaired ADLs who wish to maintain their independence. More aggressive diagnosis and treatment of @entity308 in this population should also be explored as an intervention to improve quality of life.

title: Disability in activities of daily living, XXXX , and quality of life among older medical ICU survivors: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ADL disability']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: A series of 518 @entity1 with @entity173 and a median age of 78 years was followed for 6 months. On admission to hospital the @entity1 were assessed and were found to be evenly distributed among four social function groups according to their level of dependence on the social welfare system. At the 6 months follow-up the mortality rate was about 16 per cent, leaving 437 @entity1 for a reassessment of social function. The average hospitalization time was 23 days; thus 17 per cent of all orthopaedic hospital beds in the area were occupied by @entity1 with @entity173 . @entity1 staying the longest time in hospital were those waiting for discharge to a nursing home. The average stay in rehabilitation institutions was 71 days. The total rehabilitation course was longest for the most dependent @entity1 . The risk of @entity204 or deterioration of social function among @entity1 admitted from home was 48 per cent. In the case of social deterioration or technical failure following the @entity174 treatment the total rehabilitation course was considerably prolonged. The resources required for the treatment of @entity173 in a suburban area of 500,000 inhabitants were calculated to the 32 hospital beds, 43 rehabilitation beds and at least 21 nursing home beds.

title: Costs of treatment of XXXX . A calculation of the consumption of the resources of hospitals and rehabilitation institutions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: The effect of @entity1406 on corrected QT interval (QTc) was studied retrospectively in 111 survivors of AMI below 70 years of age. Prior to discharge the @entity1 were stratified by age, @entity1188 size and @entity943 and randomized. @entity1406 , 100 mg b.i.d., or placebo were given double-blindly to 59 and 52 @entity1 , respectively. QTc intervals were measured four times prior to randomization and three times during the follow-up year. The highest QTc mean was registered on the second day in the CCU. QTc intervals subsequently decreased significantly in both groups between discharge and the three-month control (p < 0.001). @entity1 on @entity1406 had significantly shorter QTc intervals during the follow-up year than those on placebo (0.394 +/- 0.028 vs. 0.406 +/- 0.034 sec, p < 0.001). The QTc-shortening effect of beta-receptor blockade was most marked in @entity1 with @entity1162 at discharge. @entity1 who died suddenly had @entity1162 prior to discharge. In this group the proposed beneficial effect of beta-receptor blockade on QTc interval cannot be evaluated as most of these @entity1 had died before the first control.

title: Effect of XXXX on QTc intervals after acute myocardial infarction.

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol', 'Metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QTc intervals']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1406 :: (MESH:D008790,Chemical) :: ['metoprolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computational models play an increasingly important role in the assessment and control of public health crises, as demonstrated during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Much research has been done in recent years in the development of sophisticated data-driven models for realistic computer-based simulations of @entity166 spreading. However, only a few computational tools are presently available for assessing scenarios, predicting @entity3082 evolutions, and managing health emergencies that can benefit a broad audience of users including policy makers and health institutions. RESULTS: We present "GLEaMviz", a publicly available software system that simulates the spread of emerging @entity1 -to- @entity1 @entity166 across the world. The GLEaMviz tool comprises three components: the client application, the proxy middleware, and the simulation engine. The latter two components constitute the GLEaMviz server. The simulation engine leverages on the Global Epidemic and Mobility (GLEaM) framework, a stochastic computational scheme that integrates worldwide high-resolution demographic and mobility data to simulate disease spread on the global scale. The GLEaMviz design aims at maximizing flexibility in defining the disease compartmental model and configuring the simulation scenario; it allows the user to set a variety of parameters including: compartment-specific features, transition values, and environmental effects. The output is a dynamic map and a corresponding set of charts that quantitatively describe the geo-temporal evolution of the disease. The software is designed as a client-server system. The multi-platform client, which can be installed on the user's local machine, is used to set up simulations that will be executed on the server, thus avoiding specific requirements for large computational capabilities on the user side. CONCLUSIONS: The user-friendly graphical interface of the GLEaMviz tool, along with its high level of detail and the realism of its embedded modeling approach, opens up the platform to simulate realistic @entity3082 scenarios. These features make the GLEaMviz computational tool a convenient teaching/training tool as well as a first step toward the development of a computational tool aimed at facilitating the use and exploitation of computational models for the policy making and scenario analysis of @entity166 outbreaks.

title: The GLEaMviz computational tool, a publicly available software to explore realistic XXXX spreading scenarios at the global scale.

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease', 'infectious diseases']

answer: @entity3082 :: (MESH:D004671,Disease) :: ['epidemic']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We investigate the incidence of adverse events at 1 year in the cohort of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1163 @entity1 enrolled in the original Risk Stratification of @entity1163 in the Emergency Department (ROSE) study, the time to adverse event, and the test performance of the ROSE decision instrument to detect events at 1 year. METHODS: This report details the 1-year follow-up of adult @entity1163 @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 who were enrolled into the ROSE study, a single-center, prospective, observational cohort study. The primary endpoint was the combination of serious outcome and all-cause @entity204 at 1 year. Serious outcome encompassed @entity583 , life-threatening @entity943 , need for pacemaker/implantable defibrillator, @entity358 , @entity64 , @entity510 , and interventional procedure or @entity548 requiring blood transfusion. Secondary endpoints were all-cause @entity204 and cardiovascular serious outcome at 1 year. RESULTS: One thousand forty-three @entity1 were available for analysis; 162 @entity1 (15.5%) had a primary outcome. Twenty-eight (17%) of these were within 24 hours, 56 (35%) were within 1 week, and 78 (48%) were within 1 month. The remaining 84 (52%) outcomes occurred between months 2 and 12. At 1 year, 71 (6.8%) @entity1 had died and 76 (7.3%) had a cardiovascular serious outcome. The sensitivity and specificity of the ROSE decision instrument for 1-year serious outcome and all-cause @entity204 were, respectively, 71.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 63.9% to 78.3%) and 71.1% (95% CI 67.9% to 74.0%); for 1-year all-cause @entity204 , 76.1% (95% CI 64.2% to 85.1%) and 67.4% (95% CI 64.3% to 70.3%); and for 1-year cardiovascular serious outcome, 75.0% (95% CI 63.5% to 83.9%) and 67.5% (95% CI 64.5% to 70.5%). CONCLUSION: The proportion of @entity1 with serious outcome and all-cause @entity204 1 year after @entity1163 is similar to that reported in recent international @entity1163 studies. We have defined the proportion of @entity1 with cardiovascular serious outcome at 1 year and have shown that most events occurred in the first month, with decreased frequency of events observed after that time especially marked for cardiovascular serious outcome. More than 50% of the outcomes observed, however, occurred after the first month. The ROSE decision instrument does not perform well at predicting 1-year outcome of @entity1163 @entity1 .

title: One-year prognosis after XXXX and the failure of the ROSE decision instrument to predict one-year adverse events.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial or subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'Syncope', 'ED syncope']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: Elastofibroma dorsi is a relatively rare soft-tissue @entity5 localized at the infra-scapular level and/or subscapular regions. It usually occurs between the fourth and seventh decade of life, and is more common in females. We reviewed sixteen elastofibromas diagnosed in 12 @entity1 (7 females, 58.3%). Four @entity1 had bilateral elastofibromas. The most common symptom was @entity158 . Presumptive diagnosis was made by physical examination. Chest ultrasound, computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Surgery was performed under general anaesthesia. No major complications were observed. Elastofibromas are @entity5 of the chest wall with an uncertain impact. Surgical resection is indicated only in symptomatic @entity1 .

title: Elastofibroma dorsi: an uncommon and under-diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The reasons for the down-regulated Clara cell 10-kDa protein ( @entity32123 ) expression in @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) are unclear and the airway remodeling in @entity2023 has received little attention. This study explores epithelium remodeling and the change of @entity32123 secreting cells in @entity2023 by using a @entity19 model. METHODS: @entity2023 @entity19 models were established by ovalbumin sensitization and challenge. In some @entity19 , @entity619 was given before each challenge. Histological changes of nasal mucosa were examined by means of @entity1710 and @entity1711 and periodic acid-Schiff staining. @entity32123 and @entity28840 expression were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In @entity2023 @entity19 , both in turbinate and in septal mucosa, total cell number and the number of basal cells did not change; however, the number of dome-shaped cells decreased and the number of ciliated and goblet cells increased in turbinate mucosa, and the number of ciliated cells decreased and the number of goblet cells increased in septal mucosa. In turbinate mucosa, the number of @entity32123 (+) cells (mainly dome-shaped cells) decreased whereas the number of @entity28840 (+) cells (mainly ciliated cells) increased. In septal mucosa, the number of @entity32123 (+) and @entity28840 (+) cells (mainly ciliated cells) decreased simultaneously. Intermediate phenotypic goblet cells could express @entity32123 and @entity28840 . @entity32123 and @entity28840 could be localized in the same cells. @entity619 reversed the changes of epithelium significantly. CONCLUSION: Allergen exposure leads to a possible transdifferentiation of @entity32123 secreting cells into @entity28840 secreting cells and/or goblet cells in upper airways. Nasal turbinate and septal epithelium display different patterns of transdifferentiation.

title: Transdifferentiation of Clara cell 10-kDa protein secreting cells in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the sex difference in the rates and co-occurring patterns in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition-referenced @entity146 symptoms among incoming first-year college students in Taiwan. METHODS: This was a college-based questionnaire survey. The @entity1 included 2731 incoming first-year college students (male, 52.4%; mean age, 19.3    2.6 years). The @entity1 completed the Chinese version of the Adult Self Report Inventory-4 for the assessment of a wide range of @entity146 symptoms according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition symptom criteria. The @entity1 rate was 74.1%. RESULTS: There were 55% of the @entity1 having at least one @entity146 symptom. Symptoms of @entity8396 , body dysmorphic, and @entity5748 were more prevalent in @entity1 ; those of @entity3119 , @entity1775 , conduct problems, @entity25192 , and @entity23 were more prevalent in @entity1 . The magnitude of symptom correlations between @entity3119 and @entity5748 , dysthymia, and @entity10420 , and between @entity5748 and @entity161 was significantly greater in male @entity1 , whereas that between conduct problems and obsession and motor @entity1775 was significantly greater in female @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The Chinese version of the Adult Self Report Inventory-4 identified similar sex difference in @entity146 symptoms as Western studies. The sex difference in co-occurring @entity146 conditions warrants further investigation.

title: Sex difference in the rates and co-occurring conditions of XXXX symptoms in incoming college students in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial personality']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity25192 :: ('MESH:D012557', 'Disease') :: ['schizoid personality']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['gender identity disorder']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['kleptomania']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['compulsion', 'obsession-compulsion']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether @entity13983 (EA) has protective effect on @entity632 (ADR)-induced testicular and spermatozoal @entity137 associated with the oxidative stress in male @entity35 . Thirthy-two healthy 8-week-old male @entity35 were equally divided into four groups. The first (EA) group was treated with EA (2 mg/kg/every other day) by gavage. The second (ADR) group received ADR (2 mg/kg/once a week) intraperitoneally, while the combination of ADR and EA was given to the third (ADR+EA) group. The forth (control) group was treated with placebo. At the end of the 8-week treatment period, reproductive organ weights, epididymal sperm parameters, histopathological changes and apoptosis via @entity2310 and @entity1976 proteins, testicular tissue lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities, were investigated. ADR administration was determined to cause significant decreases in reproductive organ weights, epididymal sperm concentration and motility, plasma @entity251 concentration, diameter of seminiferous tubules, germinal cell layer thickness, Johnsen's testicular score and @entity1976 positive antiapoptotic cell rate, wherease it caused significant increases in level of lipid peroxidation and @entity2041 , catalase activity, abnormal sperm rates and @entity2310 positive apoptotic cell rates along with degeneration, @entity39 , immature germ cells, congestion and @entity194 in testicular tissue when compared with the control group. EA administration to ADR-treated @entity35 provided significant improvements in ADR-induced disturbed oxidant/antioxidant balance, decreased @entity251 concentration, testicular apoptosis and mild improvements in the histopathological view of the testicular tissue. However, EA failed to improve decreased reproductive organ weights and deteriorated sperm parameters due to ADR administration. It is concluded that while ADR has direct or indirect (lipid peroxidation) negative effects on sperm structure and testicular apoptosis in @entity35 , EA has protective effects on ADR-induced testicular lipid peroxidation and apoptosis.

title: Impact of @entity13983 on XXXX -induced testicular histopathological lesions, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and sperm damages.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity13983 :: ('MESH:D004610', 'Chemical') :: ['ellagic acid']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether @entity13983 (EA) has protective effect on @entity632 (ADR)-induced testicular and spermatozoal @entity137 associated with the oxidative stress in male @entity35 . Thirthy-two healthy 8-week-old male @entity35 were equally divided into four groups. The first (EA) group was treated with EA (2 mg/kg/every other day) by gavage. The second (ADR) group received ADR (2 mg/kg/once a week) intraperitoneally, while the combination of ADR and EA was given to the third (ADR+EA) group. The forth (control) group was treated with placebo. At the end of the 8-week treatment period, reproductive organ weights, epididymal sperm parameters, histopathological changes and apoptosis via @entity2310 and @entity1976 proteins, testicular tissue lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities, were investigated. ADR administration was determined to cause significant decreases in reproductive organ weights, epididymal sperm concentration and motility, plasma @entity251 concentration, diameter of seminiferous tubules, germinal cell layer thickness, Johnsen's testicular score and @entity1976 positive antiapoptotic cell rate, wherease it caused significant increases in level of lipid peroxidation and @entity2041 , catalase activity, abnormal sperm rates and @entity2310 positive apoptotic cell rates along with degeneration, @entity39 , immature germ cells, congestion and @entity194 in testicular tissue when compared with the control group. EA administration to ADR-treated @entity35 provided significant improvements in ADR-induced disturbed oxidant/antioxidant balance, decreased @entity251 concentration, testicular apoptosis and mild improvements in the histopathological view of the testicular tissue. However, EA failed to improve decreased reproductive organ weights and deteriorated sperm parameters due to ADR administration. It is concluded that while ADR has direct or indirect (lipid peroxidation) negative effects on sperm structure and testicular apoptosis in @entity35 , EA has protective effects on ADR-induced testicular lipid peroxidation and apoptosis.

title: Impact of XXXX on @entity632 -induced testicular histopathological lesions, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and sperm damages.

answer: @entity13983 :: (MESH:D004610,Chemical) :: ['ellagic acid']


abstract: Seasonal influenza epidemics cause @entity221 and @entity204 each year, and the emergence of antigenically novel @entity683 viruses are a continual pandemic threat. Disease and @entity204 can be averted by vaccination. The potency of killed virus vaccines is based on hemagglutinin (HA) content. However, antibodies that inhibit enzyme activity of the neuraminidase (NA) also reduce virus replication and protect against disease. Monoclonal NA-inhibiting (NI) antibodies recognize conformational epitopes, and it is anticipated that native tertiary structure is required for their induction. NA assembles as a tetramer and only this form has enzyme activity. Since small inhibitors of NA do not significantly alter conformation, we sought to determine whether neuraminidase-inhibiting (NI) antibodies would be induced by inhibitor-inactivated NA. We therefore evaluated responses of @entity19 immunized with purified NA that was either inactivated by addition of @entity685 or denatured by heat treatment. NI antibodies were induced following immunization with NA from A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) in which enzyme activity was inhibited by the former method but not the latter. Protection of @entity19 against challenge with virus containing an antigenically matched NA correlated with the detection of NI antibodies in serum. Similar results were obtained when @entity19 were immunized with whole H1N1 virus in which NA activity had been inhibited by the same two modalities. This demonstrates that native conformation of NA is necessary for induction of NI antibodies; enzyme activity provides a useful marker of intact structure, but absence of activity in NA that is correctly folded does not result in loss of immunogenicity. Thus any assay to assess potency of influenza vaccines with respect to NA content should consider the proportion of NA that is in a structurally native state.

title: Influenza neuraminidase-inhibiting antibodies are induced in the presence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity685 :: ('MESH:D053243', 'Chemical') :: ['zanamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A']

answer: @entity685 :: (MESH:D053243,Chemical) :: ['zanamivir']


abstract: Pure rabbit antithrombin III was isotope labeled (with 125I or 3H) by two different methods; neither procedure caused a loss of antithrombin activity although both methods affected the affinity of the protein for Sepharose-heparin. From segments from freshly excised @entity95 aorta, the uptake of isotope-labeled antithrombin III by the endothelium was rapid and saturable, although relatively small compared to the uptake of @entity11328 ; binding of 3H-antithrombin III to the endothelium resembled that of 125I-antithrombin III. Transendothelial passage of antithrombin III into the subendothelial layers (intima-media) was slow and progressive. Endothelium binding was not affected by pretreating the vessel with either heparin, @entity11328 , or glycosaminoglycan-specific enzymes. Endothelium-bound antithrombin III was not selectively displaced by either heparin or @entity11328 . In contrast, endothelium-bound @entity11328 was rapidly dislodged by antithrombin III as a @entity11328 -antithrombin III complex. The surface of the deendothelialized aorta (ie, subjected to a balloon catheter) bound antithrombin III avidly. Pretreatment of the deendothelialized vessel with glycosaminoglycan-specific enzymes, particularly heparitinase, decreased intima-media binding by up to 80%. 125I-antithrombin III, when bound to the deendothelialized vessel surface, was actively displaced by either heparin, @entity11328 , or by unlabeled antithrombin III. The relatively poor binding of antithrombin III compared with that of @entity11328 by the endothelium in vitro supports an earlier proposal (Lollar P, Owen WG: J Clin Invest 66:1222-1230, 1980) that @entity11328 bound to high-affinity sites, possibly pericellular proteoglycan, of the endothelium is inactivated by plasma antithrombin III in vivo. Such a situation probably holds for large arteries at least.

title: On the interaction of rabbit antithrombin III with the luminal surface of the normal and deendothelialized XXXX thoracic aorta in vitro.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Patency of 40 @entity736 ( @entity736 ) and 40 autogenous vein arteriovenous grafts for vascular access among 56 @entity1 is compared. Most @entity1 required access for hemodialysis, but six grafts were for other reasons including hyperalimentation and drug administration. Cumulative patency at 3 years for both PTFE grafts and vein grafts was 64%. The complication rate necessitating secondary operation was more than three times greater in the PTFE group in which 35 secondary procedures were needed. No grafts became infected as a result of the initial operation, but eight serious complications were associated with subsequent infection of PTFE grafts and three with vein grafts, including postcannulation @entity548 , abscess, and @entity439 . Twenty-six PTFE grafts developed associated @entity850 in the runoff vein. This was demonstrated with angiography in 10 and the stenoses were excised and grafted, one being dilated by intravascular balloon. In 16 @entity715 was the first indication of @entity850 . Histologically narrowed runoff veins showed @entity1373 . Runoff @entity850 did not occur among vein grafts, but in eight vein grafts themselves became stenotic. These results indicate that owing to a higher complication rate with PTFE grafts, vein grafts should be used when possible.

title: Medium-term follow-up of forty autogenous vein and forty XXXX (Gore-Tex) grafts for vascular access.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['intimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']