abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity460 influx into cells is responsible for initiating the "final pathway" to cell death in neuronal tissue after traumatic or @entity130 . The specific pathways in this cascade are myriad and the importance each one plays is controversial. It is clear, though, that blocking individual pathways confers protection to these tissues. PURPOSE: In the present study we examined the role of @entity205 (CsA), @entity1140 and @entity3446 in modulating the effects of @entity141 influx through their interactions with immunophilins and specifically the end result of @entity14855 modulation. METHODS: Dorsal columns were isolated from the spinal cord of adult @entity35 and injured by exposure to @entity519 conditions for 60 minutes. The samples were monitored electrophysiologically in an in vitro recording chamber (maintained at 37 C degrees ) during injury, and the @entity8119 ( @entity8119 ) was monitored with glass microelectrodes. The dorsal column was exposed to @entity519 Ringers solution alone or with the different immunosuppressants and compared with baseline readings. Functional recovery of the dorsal column was then assessed by recovery of the @entity8119 . RESULTS: The mean @entity8119 decreased to about 20% of baseline control levels during @entity519 and returned 53.8+/-7.6% of baseline (p<.05) after reoxygenation. CsA, an immunosuppressant known to inhibit calcineurin, promoted a significantly greater recovery of @entity8119 amplitude to 76.8+/-5.2% and 72.1+/-13.2% of control (p<.05) after @entity130 and reoxygenation of dorsal column white matter when applied at concentrations of 1 microM and 10 microM, respectively. @entity1140 , which also inhibits calcineurin, was applied at a concentration of 0.1 microM, and promoted @entity8119 amplitude recovery to 82.6+/-5.0% of control after @entity130 and reoxygenation of dorsal column white matter. The addition of @entity3446 (1 microM), which binds to the same immunophilin as @entity1140 , to the @entity1140 (0.1 microM) solution during @entity130 showed recovery of @entity8119 amplitudes to only 56.9+/-6.7% of control. Electron microscopy revealed remarkable protection of axons and prevention of organelle disruption in segments treated with @entity870 and @entity1140 during @entity519 when compared with @entity519 controls. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, both CsA and @entity1140 confer in vitro protection to dorsal columns during @entity130 at physiological temperatures, and @entity3446 blocks the protective effect of @entity1140 . Thus, calcineurin may play an important role in the physiology of @entity528 .

title: Role of calcineurin in XXXX -mediated hypoxic injury to white matter.

entities_list: @entity14855 :: ('CHEBI:53439', 'Chemical') :: ['calcineurin']

entities_list: @entity8119 :: ('MESH:C537188', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'compound action potential']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic injury']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is an accepted surgical procedure to treat degenerative conditions, including disc @entity3976 and @entity612 . The literature on lumbar spine surgery reports that @entity1 with a @entity1538 claim have less successful clinical results. Regarding the cervical spine, however, different conclusions have been drawn. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to directly compare the functional outcomes of ACDF in @entity1 with and without a @entity1538 claim and to determine whether a compensation claim adversely affected the clinical outcome. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study examining the long-term results of ACDF in the workman's and @entity1893 populations. @entity1 SAMPLE: Eighty consecutive @entity1 undergoing ACDF were retrospectively analyzed. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: 30 @entity1 in Group 1 ( @entity1538 ) and 50 @entity1 in Group 2 ( @entity1893 ). The average age of Group 1 was 45 years (range, 31 to 57) and Group 2 was 45 years (range, 30 to 79). The @entity1 were followed for an average length of 4 years (range, 2 to 7 years). OUTCOME MEASURES: We evaluated the surgical results using a functional outcome scoring system (Odom's Criteria), visual analog scale and a radiographic grading scale. The questionnaire was independently administered in a standard question-answer format at the 1-year follow-up. Statistical analyses was performed using a Levene's test. METHODS: All surgeries were performed by the same attending physician. A left-sided approach and Smith-Robinson fusion technique with autograft or allograft without instrumentation was used in all cases. A hard cervical orthosis was used postoperatively for 8 weeks. Radiographic examination including lateral flexion and extension views were obtained at a minimum of 12 months postoperatively. Furthermore, radiographic analysis was performed each subsequent postoperative year. The radiographs were analyzed by two independent physicians in a blind fashion for evidence of radiographic fusion. RESULTS: At follow-up no discernible difference was noted for functional outcomes. Eighty-three percent of @entity1 in Group 1 and 90% of @entity1 in Group 2 noted excellent or good results. This was not statistically significant (p=.280). In Group 1, 97% of @entity1 returned to work at an average of 18 weeks, whereas 98% of @entity1 in Group 2 returned to work at an average of 10 weeks postoperatively. Upon radiographic evaluation, 64% of @entity1 in Group 1 were determined to have a solid fusion (Grade 3). The fusion rate in Group 2 was 72%. This was not statistically significant. However, the fusion rate among smokers was 50%, and among nonsmokers it was 80%. This was statistically significant (p=.001). CONCLUSIONS: Workman's compensation claims did not adversely affect the functional outcome of ACDF. It should be noted that a significant increase in @entity1516 was noted with the smoking population. @entity1 selection is a critical factor in determining functional outcome, with 83% good to excellent results if the pathology, clinical presentation and radiographic findings correlate

title: Comparing outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in workman's versus XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ["workman's compensation"]

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniations']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-workman's compensation"]

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthroses']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-workman's compensation']


abstract: @entity369 vasopressin (AVP) stimulates the secretion of ACTH from pituitary corticotropes. We investigated the action of AVP in single corticotropes of male @entity35 . Corticotropes were identified with the reverse hemolytic plaque assay using antibodies against ACTH. Using the whole-cell recording technique in conjunction with the fluorescent @entity141 indicator, indo-1 to measure the concentration of cytosolic free @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i), we show that AVP triggers a transient and plateau pattern of @entity141 signal. The [ @entity141 ]i elevation activates the apamin-sensitive @entity141 -activated K+ current, which, in turn, causes membrane hyperpolarization. The @entity141 signal can be elicited in the absence of extracellular @entity141 and is mimicked by intracellular @entity671 (IP3). Both @entity3006 -beta-S and heparin inhibit the AVP response. Thus, AVP triggers intracellular @entity141 release from the (IP3)-sensitive store via a GTP binding protein-coupled phosphoinositide pathway. Using the high temporal resolution capacitance measurement to detect exocytosis in single corticotropes, we show that a burst of exocytosis is evoked during the AVP-triggered [ @entity141 ]i elevation. Exocytosis can also be triggered when @entity141 is released directly from the IP3-sensitive store via flash photolysis of caged IP3. We conclude that AVP-stimulated ACTH secretion in @entity35 corticotrophs is closely coupled to intracellular @entity141 release from the IP3-sensitive store.

title: XXXX vasopressin triggers intracellular calcium release, a calcium-activated potassium current and exocytosis in identified @entity35 corticotropes.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['Arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['Arginine']


abstract: @entity369 vasopressin (AVP) stimulates the secretion of ACTH from pituitary corticotropes. We investigated the action of AVP in single corticotropes of male @entity35 . Corticotropes were identified with the reverse hemolytic plaque assay using antibodies against ACTH. Using the whole-cell recording technique in conjunction with the fluorescent @entity141 indicator, indo-1 to measure the concentration of cytosolic free @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i), we show that AVP triggers a transient and plateau pattern of @entity141 signal. The [ @entity141 ]i elevation activates the apamin-sensitive @entity141 -activated K+ current, which, in turn, causes membrane hyperpolarization. The @entity141 signal can be elicited in the absence of extracellular @entity141 and is mimicked by intracellular @entity671 (IP3). Both @entity3006 -beta-S and heparin inhibit the AVP response. Thus, AVP triggers intracellular @entity141 release from the (IP3)-sensitive store via a GTP binding protein-coupled phosphoinositide pathway. Using the high temporal resolution capacitance measurement to detect exocytosis in single corticotropes, we show that a burst of exocytosis is evoked during the AVP-triggered [ @entity141 ]i elevation. Exocytosis can also be triggered when @entity141 is released directly from the IP3-sensitive store via flash photolysis of caged IP3. We conclude that AVP-stimulated ACTH secretion in @entity35 corticotrophs is closely coupled to intracellular @entity141 release from the IP3-sensitive store.

title: @entity369 vasopressin triggers intracellular calcium release, a calcium-activated potassium current and exocytosis in identified XXXX corticotropes.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Many authors have evaluated the components responsible for ultimate pullout strength of pedicle screws. In these studies, one important variable has been the screw fixation. Because pedicle screw fixation has increased in popularity over recent years, so has the need for augmentation in difficult situations. @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) has been established as the gold standard in terms of strength of fixation but has the potential for severe complications when applied in spine surgery. @entity77 is an alternative to @entity4625 , because it lacks the exothermic reaction, is potentially osteoconductive and is resorbed by the body in 30 to 60 days. PURPOSE: To determine the strength of a new @entity77 cement in terms of pedicle screw augmentation. The purpose was to evaluate @entity77 versus @entity4625 in terms of pullout strength. @entity4625 was considered the gold standard in terms of strength for this experiment. STUDY DESIGN: Lumbar vertebrae implanted with pedicle screws were subjected to axial pullout tests. The force required to cause implant failure was measured and compared for three methods of fixation. OUTCOME MEASURES: Force to failure (Newtons) for each pedicle test was recorded and analyzed with results from similarly augmented pedicles. METHODS: Lumbar vertebrae were harvested from four cadavers and implanted with pedicle screws. These screws were either placed in native bone or augmented with either @entity77 paste or @entity4625 . In those pedicles that had augmentation, the material was permitted to set for a minimum of 24 hours. Axial pullout tests were then performed using an MTS (Materials Testing System Corporation, Minneapolis, MN) testing machine. The screws were pulled out over a distance of up to 6 mm at 0.25 mm/sec. This rate and distance ensured failure in each case. The load to failure was recorded for each pedicle. RESULTS: @entity77 augmentation improved pedicle screw pullout strength significantly when compared with native bone (p=.0003). This represented an average increase of 167% over the native bone. Likewise, @entity4625 improved the pullout strength significantly over native bone (p<.0001) for an average increase of 199%. There were no significant differences between the @entity77 and @entity4625 augmentation (p=.0791), although the @entity4625 averaged 119% of the strength of @entity77 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity4625 is considered the gold standard in terms of fixation strength, its use around the spine has been limited because of concern over complications. The @entity77 bone paste tested in this study demonstrated strength similar to @entity4625 without the major risks to the spinal cord. In addition, the @entity77 paste allows for possible osteoconduction to aid in spinal fusion. Further study is needed to determine the applicability of this @entity77 paste in the clinical setting of spine surgery.

title: Evaluation of XXXX paste for augmentation of lumbar pedicle screw pullout strength.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['Polymethylmethacrylate', 'PMMA']

entities_list: @entity77 :: ('MESH:D002133', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium sulfate', 'Calcium sulfate']

answer: @entity77 :: (MESH:D002133,Chemical) :: ['calcium sulfate']


abstract: We have investigated factors affecting stability at the subunit-subunit interface of the dimeric enzyme @entity46829 dehydrogenase (IPMDH) from @entity3881 . Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace @entity1853 256, a key residue in the subunit interaction, with other @entity1522 . Thermal stability against irreversible inactivation of the mutated enzymes was examined by analyzing the residual activity after heat treatment. The mutations @entity70603 and @entity70604 increased thermostability by 2.0 and 6.0 degrees C, respectively, whereas the mutations @entity70605 and @entity70606 had no effect. Thermostability of the @entity70607 mutated enzyme was 4.0 degrees C lower than that of the wild-type enzyme. To our surprise, increasing the hydrophobicity of residue 256 within the hydrophobic core of the enzyme resulted in a lower thermal stability. The mutated enzymes showed an inverse correlation between thermostability and the volume of the side chain at position 256. Based on the X-ray crystallographic structure of @entity526 IPMDH, the environment around M256 in the @entity3881 homolog is predicted to be sterically crowded. These results suggest that Met256 prevents favorable packing. Introduction of a smaller @entity535 at position 256 improves the packing and stabilizes the dimeric structure of IPMDH. The van der Waals volume of the @entity535 residue at the hydrophobic subunit interface is an important factor for maintaining the stability of the subunit-subunit interface and is not always optimized in the mesophilic IPMDH enzyme.

title: Increased thermal stability against irreversible inactivation of XXXX dehydrogenase induced by decreased van der Waals volume at the subunit interface.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity46829 :: ('MESH:C025313', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isopropylmalate']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B.subtilis']

answer: @entity46829 :: (MESH:C025313,Chemical) :: ['3-isopropylmalate']


abstract: @entity2620 stimulates bone formation by increasing the replication of cells of the osteoblastic lineage and by enhancing the differentiated function of the osteoblast. Although @entity2620 is synthesized by skeletal cells, little is known about the mechanisms involved and its regulation by growth factors. @entity2620 expression is tissue specific and is developmentally regulated. In the present study, we examined the expression of @entity2620 in fetal @entity35 , newborn @entity19 and @entity19 osteoblastic (Ob) cells, and in adult @entity35 calvariae. We also determined mechanisms involved in the regulation of @entity2620 by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) BB, @entity664 ( @entity664 ), and @entity1810 . Northern analysis revealed @entity2620 transcripts of 3.6 and 1.2 kb in osteoblastic cells and adult @entity35 calvariae. Ribonuclease (RNase) protection assay using probes specific to the three known @entity2620 promoters, P1, P2, and P3, demonstrated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression driven by P3 in osteoblasts and adult @entity35 calvariae, but no expression of P1 or P2 transcripts. PDGF BB, @entity664 , and @entity1810 inhibited the expression of @entity2620 P3 mRNA by 50%. PDGF BB, @entity664 , and @entity1810 also decreased the rates of @entity2620 transcription in @entity35 Ob cells as determined by nuclear run-on assays and did not modify the decay of @entity2620 in transcriptionally arrested @entity35 Ob cells. In conclusion, the synthesis of @entity2620 in osteoblastic cells and in adult @entity35 calvariae is driven by @entity2620 P3 and is regulated by skeletal growth factors acting at the transcriptional level using the @entity2620 P3.

title: Insulin-like growth factor II promoter expression in cultured rodent osteoblasts and adult XXXX bone.

entities_list: @entity2620 :: ('24483(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-II', 'Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF beta1', 'transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of short-term feeding of @entity3875 (D3) on blood plasma @entity460 concentrations and meat quality of pork-loin chops. Three experiments were carried out to meet this objective. Experiment 1 used 250,000 IU and 500,000 IU/d to determine the effective dose of dietary D3 to raise blood plasma @entity460 concentration. Experiment 2 used 500,000 IU D3/d to determine the appropriate length of feeding time to elevate blood plasma @entity460 prior to harvest. Experiment 3 used 500,000 IU D3/d to determine the effectiveness of increased blood plasma @entity460 in improving postmortem quality and tenderness of pork-loin chops. @entity1707 fed 500,000 IU D3/d in Exp. 1 exhibited higher (P < 0.05) and more stable plasma @entity460 concentration over a 14-d feeding trial compared with @entity1707 fed 250,000 IU D3/d and control @entity1707 . Therefore, 500,000 IU D3/d was the dose chosen for Exp. 2, in which @entity1707 fed 500,000 IU D3/d for 3 d prior to harvest exhibited elevated and stable plasma @entity460 concentrations; this length of time was deemed sufficient in which to observe differences in postmortem meat tenderness in Exp. 3. @entity3875 supplementation resulted in lower (P < 0.02) L* values and higher (P < 0.03) a* values of loin chops at 7 and 14 d of shelf storage. @entity3875 supplementation did not affect quality characteristics (measured by use of subjective scores) or tenderness (quantified via Warner-Bratzler shear force or Star probe values). On the basis of these findings, feeding 500,000 IU D3/d to finishing @entity1707 improved most Hunter color values at 14 d of storage but did not improve pork-loin chop tenderness at 1 to 21 d of retail shelf storage.

title: Short-term feeding of XXXX improves color but does not change tenderness of pork-loin chops.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin D3', 'vitamin D3']

answer: @entity3875 :: (MESH:D002762,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D3']


abstract: @entity53 , together with PRL and placental lactogens, regulates steroidogenesis and cell @entity1184 in the @entity35 corpus luteum of pregnancy. Although binding experiments have demonstrated the presence of @entity172 -binding sites, no evidence exists as to whether the @entity35 corpus luteum of pregnancy expresses the @entity172 receptor (ER) genes. In this investigation, we have analyzed the expression of the two ER genes ( @entity7605 and @entity12209 ) (by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization) in the @entity35 corpus luteum, studied their developmental changes throughout pregnancy, and investigated the regulation of @entity7605 and @entity12209 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by PRL and placental lactogens. The RT-PCR studies showed that both ER mRNA species ( @entity7605 and @entity12209 ) are coexpressed in the @entity35 corpus luteum during pregnancy. Whereas @entity7605 mRNA increased from early pregnancy, reached a maximum at midpregnancy, and had a remarkable decline before parturition; @entity12209 mRNA remained constant throughout pregnancy, with a significant decline at parturition. Examination of @entity7605 and @entity12209 mRNA expression at the cellular level, by in situ hybridization, showed @entity7605 expressed in both follicles and corpus luteum, with maximal expression at midpregnancy. In parallel with the RT-PCR studies, @entity12209 mRNA was similarly expressed throughout pregnancy in the corpus luteum, but it was less abundant when compared with small and growing follicles. Western blot analysis revealed two ER immunoreactive proteins in the nuclear fraction obtained from pregnant @entity35 corpus luteum: a 67-kDa moiety, highly expressed at midpregnancy but barely detectable in early and late gestation; and a 61-kDa form that remained developmentally unchanged. Hypophysectomy, performed early in pregnancy, induced a sharp decline in @entity7605 mRNA expression but a less-marked reduction in @entity12209 mRNA levels. PRL treatment reverted the inhibition induced by hypophysectomy in both receptor subtypes. When primary luteinized cells were used to test the effect of PRL, @entity35 @entity70608 , and @entity35 @entity51232 on the expression of @entity7605 and @entity12209 mRNA, all these lactogenic hormones stimulated both ER mRNA species in a dose-dependent manner. The regulation of ER mRNA expression was further evaluated in a luteal cell line, termed GG-CL, which apparently expresses only the @entity12209 mRNA species. Culture of the GG-CL cells, in the presence of PRL, resulted in a dose-related up-regulation of @entity12209 mRNA expression. In addition, PRL treatment enhanced the binding activity of GG-CL cell nuclear proteins to a classical @entity172 response element. Furthermore, in these cells, @entity53 treatment induced a dose-dependent up-regulation of the mRNA encoding @entity49618 isoform, a well-known @entity172 target gene in the corpus luteum of the pregnant @entity35 .

title: Differential expression of the XXXX receptors alpha and beta in the @entity35 corpus luteum of pregnancy: regulation by prolactin and placental lactogens.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: @entity53 , together with PRL and placental lactogens, regulates steroidogenesis and cell @entity1184 in the @entity35 corpus luteum of pregnancy. Although binding experiments have demonstrated the presence of @entity172 -binding sites, no evidence exists as to whether the @entity35 corpus luteum of pregnancy expresses the @entity172 receptor (ER) genes. In this investigation, we have analyzed the expression of the two ER genes ( @entity7605 and @entity12209 ) (by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization) in the @entity35 corpus luteum, studied their developmental changes throughout pregnancy, and investigated the regulation of @entity7605 and @entity12209 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by PRL and placental lactogens. The RT-PCR studies showed that both ER mRNA species ( @entity7605 and @entity12209 ) are coexpressed in the @entity35 corpus luteum during pregnancy. Whereas @entity7605 mRNA increased from early pregnancy, reached a maximum at midpregnancy, and had a remarkable decline before parturition; @entity12209 mRNA remained constant throughout pregnancy, with a significant decline at parturition. Examination of @entity7605 and @entity12209 mRNA expression at the cellular level, by in situ hybridization, showed @entity7605 expressed in both follicles and corpus luteum, with maximal expression at midpregnancy. In parallel with the RT-PCR studies, @entity12209 mRNA was similarly expressed throughout pregnancy in the corpus luteum, but it was less abundant when compared with small and growing follicles. Western blot analysis revealed two ER immunoreactive proteins in the nuclear fraction obtained from pregnant @entity35 corpus luteum: a 67-kDa moiety, highly expressed at midpregnancy but barely detectable in early and late gestation; and a 61-kDa form that remained developmentally unchanged. Hypophysectomy, performed early in pregnancy, induced a sharp decline in @entity7605 mRNA expression but a less-marked reduction in @entity12209 mRNA levels. PRL treatment reverted the inhibition induced by hypophysectomy in both receptor subtypes. When primary luteinized cells were used to test the effect of PRL, @entity35 @entity70608 , and @entity35 @entity51232 on the expression of @entity7605 and @entity12209 mRNA, all these lactogenic hormones stimulated both ER mRNA species in a dose-dependent manner. The regulation of ER mRNA expression was further evaluated in a luteal cell line, termed GG-CL, which apparently expresses only the @entity12209 mRNA species. Culture of the GG-CL cells, in the presence of PRL, resulted in a dose-related up-regulation of @entity12209 mRNA expression. In addition, PRL treatment enhanced the binding activity of GG-CL cell nuclear proteins to a classical @entity172 response element. Furthermore, in these cells, @entity53 treatment induced a dose-dependent up-regulation of the mRNA encoding @entity49618 isoform, a well-known @entity172 target gene in the corpus luteum of the pregnant @entity35 .

title: Differential expression of the @entity172 receptors alpha and beta in the XXXX corpus luteum of pregnancy: regulation by prolactin and placental lactogens.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The correlation between the 90kDa heat-shock protein (HSP90) and the developmental competence of @entity25762 ( @entity25762 ) oocytes following the process of vitrification has not been studied clearly. In the present study, we compare the efficacies of Cryotop (CT) and solid surface vitrification ( @entity12432 ) methods for the cryopreservation of immature @entity25762 oocytes. @entity25762 cumulus oocyte complexes were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) controls, (2) CT vitrification, and (3) @entity12432 vitrification. Oocytes were vitrified and in vitro maturated and fertilized. The percentages of nuclear maturation and in vitro development were evaluated. The vitrified-warmed oocytes were evaluated for mRNA and protein expression levels of HSP90 using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting at various stages: matured oocytes, 2-8cells embryos and blastocysts. No difference was found in the percentages of nuclear maturation, cleavage or blastocyst in the two vitrified groups; however, the rates of maturation were significantly lower than those in the control group. Among the three groups, the maturation rates in CT: 51.14  0.86% and @entity12432 : 50.82  1.34% were less than those of the controls: 69.65  1.13%; the cleavage rates in CT: 39.16  1.01% and @entity12432 : 39.08  0.92%, were less than those of the controls: 58.14  0.76%; but the blastocysts rates and total cell number in the blastocysts were similar: CT: 32.20  0.73% and 104.6  3.72; @entity12432 : 32.35  0.81% and 102.4  1.34; and controls: 34.38  1.32% and 103.8  4.13, respectively. The HSP90 expression level in the matured oocytes and 2-8cell embryos of the control group was significantly higher than that in the two vitrified groups; there was not significant difference in the blastocysts in the three groups. We thus conclude that CT and @entity12432 perform equally in the vitrification of immature @entity25762 oocytes during the process of cryopreservation, and their influence on oocytes mainly occured from the maturation to cleavage stages. The HSP90 levels in the blastocysts of the vitrified groups increased is associated with the developmental competence of the embryo.

title: Association of heat shock protein 90 with the developmental competence of immature oocytes following Cryotop and solid surface vitrification in XXXX ( @entity25762 ).

answer: @entity25762 :: (30521,Species) :: ['yaks']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The correlation between the 90kDa heat-shock protein (HSP90) and the developmental competence of @entity25762 ( @entity25762 ) oocytes following the process of vitrification has not been studied clearly. In the present study, we compare the efficacies of Cryotop (CT) and solid surface vitrification ( @entity12432 ) methods for the cryopreservation of immature @entity25762 oocytes. @entity25762 cumulus oocyte complexes were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) controls, (2) CT vitrification, and (3) @entity12432 vitrification. Oocytes were vitrified and in vitro maturated and fertilized. The percentages of nuclear maturation and in vitro development were evaluated. The vitrified-warmed oocytes were evaluated for mRNA and protein expression levels of HSP90 using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting at various stages: matured oocytes, 2-8cells embryos and blastocysts. No difference was found in the percentages of nuclear maturation, cleavage or blastocyst in the two vitrified groups; however, the rates of maturation were significantly lower than those in the control group. Among the three groups, the maturation rates in CT: 51.14  0.86% and @entity12432 : 50.82  1.34% were less than those of the controls: 69.65  1.13%; the cleavage rates in CT: 39.16  1.01% and @entity12432 : 39.08  0.92%, were less than those of the controls: 58.14  0.76%; but the blastocysts rates and total cell number in the blastocysts were similar: CT: 32.20  0.73% and 104.6  3.72; @entity12432 : 32.35  0.81% and 102.4  1.34; and controls: 34.38  1.32% and 103.8  4.13, respectively. The HSP90 expression level in the matured oocytes and 2-8cell embryos of the control group was significantly higher than that in the two vitrified groups; there was not significant difference in the blastocysts in the three groups. We thus conclude that CT and @entity12432 perform equally in the vitrification of immature @entity25762 oocytes during the process of cryopreservation, and their influence on oocytes mainly occured from the maturation to cleavage stages. The HSP90 levels in the blastocysts of the vitrified groups increased is associated with the developmental competence of the embryo.

title: Association of heat shock protein 90 with the developmental competence of immature oocytes following Cryotop and solid surface vitrification in @entity25762 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity25762 :: (30521,Species) :: ['Bos grunniens']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the paper is to present the role of @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) in the treatment of portal @entity101 complications such as @entity548 and persistent @entity843 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between June 1992 and December 2000, 56 @entity1 with portal @entity101 developed in the course of @entity1575 were qualified for @entity5273 . The indications for @entity5273 included esophageal @entity548 , recurrent despite endoscopic treatment (N-40), active esophageal @entity548 in which traditional methods used to stop the @entity548 proved ineffective (N-8) and @entity843 failing to respond to high doses of diuretic agents (N-8). The studied group consisted of 30 females and 26 male @entity1 aged from 17 to 68 (mean age 52 yrs). According to @entity1 -Pugh surgical risk classification, 26 @entity1 belonged to group B, and 30 to group C. RESULTS: In 50 @entity1 (83.5%) an intrahepatic shunt was formed and the stent(s) implanted. In 42 cases (75%), long-lasting patency of the shunt was obtained and esophageal @entity548 was stopped. Active esophageal @entity548 were stopped in all the cases. The remission of @entity843 was obtained in 7 out of 8 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5273 is a non-surgical method relieving portal @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity548 recurrent despite endoscopic treatment. Very good results were also obtained in the cases with active @entity548 . @entity5273 has proved to be an effective method of treatment in the @entity1 with @entity843 .

title: Intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in treatment of complications of portal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding', 'bleeding', 'variceal hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['massive ascites and hepatorenal syndrome', 'ascites']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: It is now recognized that the majority of @entity1 on @entity1307 therapy require intravenous (IV) @entity68 supplementation to maximize the response to treatment. Of the IV @entity68 preparations available, @entity68 sucrose has proved its efficacy and safety; however, there are no guidelines or systematic studies examining the optimum safe dosage regimen for this compound. The aim of the present study was to investigate prospectively a variety of dosing regimens for IV @entity68 sucrose in @entity1 with @entity177 to develop treatment strategies for this preparation. A total of 335 @entity68 infusions was administered to 249 @entity1 in this study, which was conducted in four phases. In phase I, 89 @entity1 were administered a dose of 200 mg as an IV infusion over 2 hours. No adverse events were seen. A 500-mg dose by 2-hour infusion was then assessed, but was abandoned after 8 of 22 @entity1 developed reactions characterized by dizziness, @entity551 , and @entity390 . The dose was then reduced to 300 mg by 2-hour infusion for the next 189 @entity1 , and again, no adverse reactions were witnessed. Finally, a 400-mg dose by 2-hour infusion was examined in 35 @entity1 , but 2 @entity1 experienced such symptoms as @entity551 , @entity390 , and @entity615 . Both the 200- and 300-mg doses of IV @entity68 sucrose administered over 2 hours appear to be safe. The incidence of adverse events with the 400- and 500-mg doses administered as a 2-hour infusion seems too high to recommend their routine use, although it may be possible to administer these doses over a longer period.

title: Intravenous XXXX sucrose: establishing a safe dose.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the @entity9113 secreting cells (G cells) and the @entity1943 secreting cells (D cells) of antral mucosa in @entity35 at the ultrastructural level. METHODS: Revised immunoelectron microscopic technique was used to detect the G cells and D cells in @entity35 antral mucosa through @entity9113 and @entity1943 antibodies labeled by colloidal gold. Also the relevant quantitative analysis regarding the granular number of colloidal gold in G cells and in D cells was conducted. RESULTS: Immunological granules of colloidal gold were distributed in G cells and D cells. @entity9113 labeled golden granules or @entity1943 labeled ones presented mainly as lobation-like or island-like congeries. Most of the golden congeries were observed dissociated in cytoplasms of G cells or D cells, near the basement membrane. A few golden congeries were located in nuclei. The number of golden granules in one G cell was around 107.04 +/- 19.68 and was 83.36 +/- 17.58 in one D cell. CONCLUSION: @entity9113 secreting granules are located in cytoplasms and nuclei of G cells, and @entity1943 secreting granules both in cytoplasms and in nuclei of D cells. The number of golden granules can be quantitatively analyzed to determine the relative amount of @entity9113 secreting granules or @entity1943 secreting granules.

title: G and D cells in XXXX antral mucosa: an immunoelectron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the incidence and @entity409 after orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS: From February 1999 to May 2002, orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) were performed in 72 @entity1 with @entity3851 with an average age of 40.2 +/- 13.6 years (ranged from 11 to 68 years), 56 were males and 16 females. The preoperative evaluation for the 72 @entity1 was performed using duplex sonography, abdominal CT scan, and angiography of the hepatic artery. All donor grafts were perfused and preserved in University of Wisconsin solution at 4 degrees. OLT was performed with standard techniques with or without a veno-venous bypass. Reconstructions of hepatic artery were performed between the branch patches of gastroduodenal/hepatic or splenic/common hepatic artery confluence of the donors and recipients, and an end-to-end @entity254 between other arterial vessels of the donors and recipients was done. Arterial @entity254 was performed with interrupted 7-0/8-0 monofilament @entity7502 suture under 3.5 x loupe magnification. Diagnosis of the complications of hepatic artery after OLT was based on the clinical presentations, ultrasound findings and arterial angiography. All @entity1 were followed up regularly for duplex ultrasound scan after discharge. RESULTS: The overall incidence of arterial complications in 72 @entity1 after OLTs was 1.4% (1/72). One 3 cm @entity2849 at the side of @entity99 was found by urgent arteriogram due to hemoperitoneum secondary to bile leakage after OLT. Subsequently the @entity2849 was successfully embolized and the blood flow toward the donor liver in hepatic artery remained. The overall postoperative 30-day mortality rate was 8.33%. The one-year survival rate was 83.72% in 50 @entity1 with benign diseases and was 71.43% in 22 @entity1 with @entity5 following OLT. No death associated with complications of hepatic artery occurred. CONCLUSION: Careful preoperative evaluations and intraoperative microsurgical technique for hepatic artery reconstructions are the keys in prevention of @entity409 after OLT.

title: Incidence and XXXX after orthotopic liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery complications', 'treatment of hepatic artery complications']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic site of hepatic artery']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['treatment of hepatic artery complications']


abstract: AIM: Choledocholithiasis is present in 5 to 10 percent of @entity1 who have @entity2963 . In the area of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (IOES) have been used to treat @entity2877 . The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and hospital costs of LCBDE with IOES. METHODS: Between November 1999 and October 2002, @entity1 with @entity2877 undergoing LC plus LCBDE (Group A, n=45) were retrospectively compared to those undergoing LC plus IOES (Group B, n=57) at a single institution. RESULTS: Ductal stone clearance rates were equivalent for the two groups (88% versus 89%, P=0.436). The conversion rate was higher for Group B (8.8% versus 4.4%, P=0.381), as was the morbidity (12.3% versus 6.7%, P=0.336). There were no other significant differences between the two groups. The complications were mainly related to endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), and the hospital costs were significantly increased in this subset of Group B (median, 23,910 versus 14,955 RMB yuan, P=0.03). Although hospital stay was longer in Group A (median, 7 versus 6 days, P=0.041), the @entity1 in Group A had a significantly decreased cost of hospitalization compared with those in Group B (median, 11,362 versus 15,466 RMB yuan, P=0.000). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate equivalent ductal stone clearance rates for the two groups. LCBDE management appears safer, and is associated with a significantly decreased hospital cost. The findings suggest LCBDE for @entity2877 is a better option.

title: Management of XXXX : comparison between laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy.

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['choledocholithiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of community-based dietary intervention on @entity407 . METHODS: A total of 180 @entity407 individuals with TG>2.26 mmol x L(-1) (200 mg x dL(-1)) and/or TC>5.72 mmol x L(-1) (220 mg x dL(-1)) were selected from 428 eligible subjects in eight communities of Beijing. They were randomly divided into intervention group (n=108) and control group (n=72). Dietary intervention was provided for the intervention group for 6 months. Information on dietary intakes, physical examinations and blood samples was collected. Serum lipids were assayed at baseline and endpoint of the study period. RESULTS: Respective decrease in dietary intake of total calories, fat, @entity165 and cooking oil by 13.62%, 24.75%, 24.40%, and 22.43%, in the intervention group was observed. The percentages of total calories from fat, @entity1735 and protein appeared to be desirable after study. Reduced body weight and BMI were also observed. There was a respective 5.61% and 7.06% decrease in total serum @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 in the intervention group, while no significant changes were found in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based dietary intervention can effectively improve dietary patterns, control body weight, and decrease the levels of total serum @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 .

title: Effects of dietary intervention on XXXX in eight communities of Beijing, China.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) overexpression on the cells' surface is stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, bacterial endotoxins, reactive @entity26 species and lipid @entity2627 . In the serum also the soluble form of @entity4725 (sVCAM-1) is present. The beta 1-integrin family molecule VLA-4 ( @entity5690 ) is natural ligand for @entity4725 . Increased concentrations of sVCAM-1 as well as overexpression of VLA-4 were observed during inflammatory reaction. THE AIM: To study sVCAM-1 serum concentrations and @entity5690 + subpopulations of peripheral blood and decidual lymphocytes of the 3rd trimester healthy and preeclamptic @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study groups: n = 21 healthy pregnant @entity1 , n = 33 preeclamptic @entity1 ( @entity1468 defined as blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg with @entity644 > 0.3 g/24 h). Clinical states of known pathogenesis which could possibly interfere with values of studied parameters were excluded. Exclusion criteria were also uterine contractions and premature rupture of amniotic membranes. Decidua was collected exclusively during elective caesarean sections. The sVCAM-1 concentration (ng/ml) was estimated using ELISA procedure, while percentage (%) of @entity5690 + lymphocytes in the whole blood and homogenized decidual tissue, using flow cytometry. The results were presented as median value with 25% and 75% cut off values. Statistical analysis was performed with U-Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Preeclamptic @entity1 presented with increased sVCAM-1 serum concentrations (532.5 (400.0/605.0) ng/ml vs. 387.0 (320.0/416.5) ng/ml, p < 0.0005), increased (%) of @entity5690 + peripheral blood (92.0 (88.0/96.0)% vs. 52.9 (47.5/55.8)%, p < 0.0000001) and @entity5690 + decidual lymphocytes (88.0 (84.0/90.0)% vs. 80.5 (74.0/85.6)%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Described change suggest that immunological mechanisms similar to inflammatory reaction could be involved in pathogenesis of @entity1468 in peripheral blood as well as locally inside maternal-fetal interface.

title: [Serum concentration of soluble XXXX ( @entity4725 ) and expression of its receptor VLA-4 on the surface of peripheral blood and decidual lymphocytes of preeclamptic @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular-cellular adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

answer: @entity4725 :: (7412,Gene) :: ['vascular-cellular adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) overexpression on the cells' surface is stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, bacterial endotoxins, reactive @entity26 species and lipid @entity2627 . In the serum also the soluble form of @entity4725 (sVCAM-1) is present. The beta 1-integrin family molecule VLA-4 ( @entity5690 ) is natural ligand for @entity4725 . Increased concentrations of sVCAM-1 as well as overexpression of VLA-4 were observed during inflammatory reaction. THE AIM: To study sVCAM-1 serum concentrations and @entity5690 + subpopulations of peripheral blood and decidual lymphocytes of the 3rd trimester healthy and preeclamptic @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study groups: n = 21 healthy pregnant @entity1 , n = 33 preeclamptic @entity1 ( @entity1468 defined as blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg with @entity644 > 0.3 g/24 h). Clinical states of known pathogenesis which could possibly interfere with values of studied parameters were excluded. Exclusion criteria were also uterine contractions and premature rupture of amniotic membranes. Decidua was collected exclusively during elective caesarean sections. The sVCAM-1 concentration (ng/ml) was estimated using ELISA procedure, while percentage (%) of @entity5690 + lymphocytes in the whole blood and homogenized decidual tissue, using flow cytometry. The results were presented as median value with 25% and 75% cut off values. Statistical analysis was performed with U-Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Preeclamptic @entity1 presented with increased sVCAM-1 serum concentrations (532.5 (400.0/605.0) ng/ml vs. 387.0 (320.0/416.5) ng/ml, p < 0.0005), increased (%) of @entity5690 + peripheral blood (92.0 (88.0/96.0)% vs. 52.9 (47.5/55.8)%, p < 0.0000001) and @entity5690 + decidual lymphocytes (88.0 (84.0/90.0)% vs. 80.5 (74.0/85.6)%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Described change suggest that immunological mechanisms similar to inflammatory reaction could be involved in pathogenesis of @entity1468 in peripheral blood as well as locally inside maternal-fetal interface.

title: [Serum concentration of soluble @entity4725 ( XXXX ) and expression of its receptor VLA-4 on the surface of peripheral blood and decidual lymphocytes of preeclamptic @entity1 ].

answer: @entity4725 :: (7412,Gene) :: ['VCAM-1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) overexpression on the cells' surface is stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, bacterial endotoxins, reactive @entity26 species and lipid @entity2627 . In the serum also the soluble form of @entity4725 (sVCAM-1) is present. The beta 1-integrin family molecule VLA-4 ( @entity5690 ) is natural ligand for @entity4725 . Increased concentrations of sVCAM-1 as well as overexpression of VLA-4 were observed during inflammatory reaction. THE AIM: To study sVCAM-1 serum concentrations and @entity5690 + subpopulations of peripheral blood and decidual lymphocytes of the 3rd trimester healthy and preeclamptic @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study groups: n = 21 healthy pregnant @entity1 , n = 33 preeclamptic @entity1 ( @entity1468 defined as blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg with @entity644 > 0.3 g/24 h). Clinical states of known pathogenesis which could possibly interfere with values of studied parameters were excluded. Exclusion criteria were also uterine contractions and premature rupture of amniotic membranes. Decidua was collected exclusively during elective caesarean sections. The sVCAM-1 concentration (ng/ml) was estimated using ELISA procedure, while percentage (%) of @entity5690 + lymphocytes in the whole blood and homogenized decidual tissue, using flow cytometry. The results were presented as median value with 25% and 75% cut off values. Statistical analysis was performed with U-Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Preeclamptic @entity1 presented with increased sVCAM-1 serum concentrations (532.5 (400.0/605.0) ng/ml vs. 387.0 (320.0/416.5) ng/ml, p < 0.0005), increased (%) of @entity5690 + peripheral blood (92.0 (88.0/96.0)% vs. 52.9 (47.5/55.8)%, p < 0.0000001) and @entity5690 + decidual lymphocytes (88.0 (84.0/90.0)% vs. 80.5 (74.0/85.6)%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Described change suggest that immunological mechanisms similar to inflammatory reaction could be involved in pathogenesis of @entity1468 in peripheral blood as well as locally inside maternal-fetal interface.

title: [Serum concentration of soluble @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) and expression of its receptor VLA-4 on the surface of peripheral blood and decidual lymphocytes of preeclamptic XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: To enable future studies on host resistance factors and therapy, inbred and outbred @entity19 strains were tested for susceptibility to @entity365 . Groups of @entity19 were given 0.5 mg @entity53 3 days before and 4 days after intravaginal challenge with a suspension of @entity5132 . On day 1 after challenge, a swab was used to quantitate infection in all groups and to assure equivalent infection levels. On day 6, this was repeated and the experiment was terminated. BALB/c, the reference strain in repeated experiments, was susceptible, showing persistent infection with levels of cfu at day 6 falling within a range between a twofold decrease and a fourfold increase in relation to day 1 levels. @entity2659 outbred @entity19 were markedly resistant, with day 6 cfu levels showing a 74- to 87-fold decrease with respect to day 1 levels, whereas other outbred strains (CF-1, SW, ICR) were susceptible. A BALB/c substrain (ByJ) was also susceptible. With exception of CBA/J, which showed modest resistance, all inbred strains were similarly susceptible, including @entity7840 /2, AKR/J, C3H/HeN, A/J and C57BL/6. The differences between @entity2659 /c @entity19 were also seen with a second @entity5132 isolate. Our results show susceptibility to @entity365 is independent of the major histocompatibility locus H2 haplotype and any effect ascribable to use of particular commercial @entity19 suppliers. Differences among @entity19 strains in susceptibility to @entity5132 , as seen in previous studies involving nonvaginal challenge routes, are not reflected in this @entity365 model; in general, such resistance patterns appear specific to the route of challenge administration. The resistance seen in @entity19 @entity2659 is of particular interest in that @entity2659 is known to be resistant to endocrine disruption by @entity172 . Our results suggest this @entity172 insensitivity may have broad-ranging effects on processes other than gametogenesis, including vaginal susceptibility to @entity7553 .

title: Genetic susceptibility to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['C. albicans', 'Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal candidiasis']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['vaginal candidiasis']


abstract: Studies have shown that Asian Indians, both in India and the UK, have a high prevalence of @entity301 ( @entity301 ). A diet rich in saturated fats and a secondary lifestyle are contributory factors. There is published data recommending dietary change as one measure for primary prevention of @entity301 in India. The aims of the study were to: Investigate @entity1 ' understanding and awareness of dietary measures in the prevention of @entity301 Advise @entity1 on how to modify their diet, taking into consideration religious and financial constraints. Provide some answers to the questions which @entity1 often have about @entity301 and its prevention. The project was carried out at the R G Kar Hospital, a government hospital in north Kolkata (formally Calcutta), West Bengal, in eastern India and at a general practice six kilometres south of the hospital. @entity1 admitted with angina, @entity583 , elevated serum @entity165 or a past medical history of @entity6 or @entity299 , were identified. A questionnaire was devised containing a list of foods commonly used by those on Bengali food. @entity1 were asked to mark on the list, or report verbally, those they felt were suitable for them to eat. They were also asked about their daily food intake and advised as to how their diet could be modified. At the hospital, 28 subjects were interviewed. Of the responses relating to identification of suitable foods 48% were found to be correct; of the responses identifying unsuitable foods 39% were correct. In general practice, 62 subjects were interviewed; 50% of the responses identifying suitable foods were correct whereas 60% of the responses identifying unsuitable foods were correct. The study showed that there is a need for further @entity1 education regarding the effects of diet on the heart. The study was of greater use in the general practice setting, which caters for a middle class population; this group is at greater risk of @entity301 due to their food habits and lifestyle. Lower classes are, however, also at risk but are less likely to consume many of the unhealthy foods simply on account of their higher price.

title: XXXX prevention in Kolkata, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['Coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy of @entity2287 -enhanced MRI in gauging the extent of the tissue damage induced by transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy and to assess how well the results obtained with this modality correlate with histological findings (control biopsies). METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity263 (T1-T2-T3a, Nx, M0) who gave informed consent were included in the protocol. They underwent pre- and postoperative (2-5 days after HIFU treatment) MR examinations. Fifteen @entity1 also underwent a follow-up MR examination 1-5 months postoperatively. MR findings were compared with the results of postoperative transrectal biopsy examinations. RESULTS: The prostate volume increased after the HIFU session from 43.9+/-18.6 to 52.1+/-21 cm(3) by day 2 (p<0.001). On fat-saturated @entity2287 -enhanced T1-weighted images, the treated area appeared as a hypointense zone surrounded by a peripheral rim of enhancement in all @entity1 . A positive correlation (r = 0.75) was found between the volume of the hypointense zone measured at days 2-5 (30+/-11 cm(3), 67% of the posttreatment prostate volume) and the theoretical target volume (22+/-5 cm(3), 61% of the initial prostate volume). MRI showed that the anterior part of the base was not reached by the ultrasound beam. The mean volume of the untreated zone (prostate without any MRI modifications) was 8 cm(3) (range, 0.4-36). No correlation was found between the MRI appearance of the treated area and the intensity of the @entity39 or the presence of foci of residual, viable @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity2287 -enhanced MRI is an accurate way of determining the extent of tissue damage induced in HIFU ablative therapy, but cannot predict histological results.

title: MRI appearance of prostate following transrectal HIFU ablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium', 'gadolinium']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['localized cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1201 , or @entity1201 , is a chronic @entity166 with many manifestations. Though still a major health concern and leading cause of @entity1897 in the developing world, it is rare in the United States, with only about 150 cases reported each year. Nevertheless, it is imperative that neurosurgeons consider it in the differential diagnosis of @entity16 . The causative organism is @entity4430 , which infects and damages Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, leading first to sensory and then to motor deficits. A rare presentation of @entity1201 is pure @entity527 . It is characterized by nerve involvement without the characteristic cutaneous stigmata. The authors of this report describe a case of pure @entity527 presenting as @entity16 with corresponding radiographic, electrodiagnostic, and histopathological data. This 11-year-old, otherwise healthy male presented with progressive @entity425 and @entity1183 with no cutaneous abnormalities. Physical examination and electrodiagnostic testing revealed findings consistent with a severe @entity16 at the elbow. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse thickening and enhancement of the ulnar nerve and narrowing at the cubital tunnel. The @entity1 underwent ulnar nerve decompression with biopsy. Pathology revealed acid-fast organisms within the nerve, which was pathognomonic for @entity1201 . He was started on antibiotic therapy, and on follow-up he had improved strength and sensation in the ulnar nerve distribution. Pure @entity527 , though rare in the United States, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of those presenting with @entity1897 and a history of travel to @entity1201 . The long incubation period of @entity4430 , the ability of @entity1201 to mimic other conditions, and the low sensitivity of serological tests make clinical, electrodiagnostic, and radiographic evaluation necessary for diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is imperative to prevent permanent @entity16 .

title: Pure @entity527 presenting as XXXX : a case report of electrodiagnostic, radiographic, and histopathological findings.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['neuritic leprosy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar nerve neuropathy', 'ulnar neuropathy', 'neurological injury', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['right-hand weakness']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4430 :: ('1769', 'Species') :: ['M. leprae', 'Mycobacterium leprae']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['leprosy-endemic areas', 'leprosy', "Hansen's disease"]

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['ulnar nerve neuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1201 , or @entity1201 , is a chronic @entity166 with many manifestations. Though still a major health concern and leading cause of @entity1897 in the developing world, it is rare in the United States, with only about 150 cases reported each year. Nevertheless, it is imperative that neurosurgeons consider it in the differential diagnosis of @entity16 . The causative organism is @entity4430 , which infects and damages Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system, leading first to sensory and then to motor deficits. A rare presentation of @entity1201 is pure @entity527 . It is characterized by nerve involvement without the characteristic cutaneous stigmata. The authors of this report describe a case of pure @entity527 presenting as @entity16 with corresponding radiographic, electrodiagnostic, and histopathological data. This 11-year-old, otherwise healthy male presented with progressive @entity425 and @entity1183 with no cutaneous abnormalities. Physical examination and electrodiagnostic testing revealed findings consistent with a severe @entity16 at the elbow. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse thickening and enhancement of the ulnar nerve and narrowing at the cubital tunnel. The @entity1 underwent ulnar nerve decompression with biopsy. Pathology revealed acid-fast organisms within the nerve, which was pathognomonic for @entity1201 . He was started on antibiotic therapy, and on follow-up he had improved strength and sensation in the ulnar nerve distribution. Pure @entity527 , though rare in the United States, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of those presenting with @entity1897 and a history of travel to @entity1201 . The long incubation period of @entity4430 , the ability of @entity1201 to mimic other conditions, and the low sensitivity of serological tests make clinical, electrodiagnostic, and radiographic evaluation necessary for diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is imperative to prevent permanent @entity16 .

title: Pure XXXX presenting as @entity16 : a case report of electrodiagnostic, radiographic, and histopathological findings.

answer: @entity527 :: (MESH:D058225,Disease) :: ['neuritic leprosy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increased microvessel density (MVD) of @entity263 seems to be associated with poor prognosis and higher stage. Assessment of MVD using noninvasive methods could be of use in the work-up of @entity1 with @entity263 . The aim of the present study was to correlate three-dimensional contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound (3D-CE-PDU) findings with MVD characteristics of radical prostatectomy specimens. METHODS: Seven @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity263 had 3D-CE-PDU investigations 2-3 weeks after prostate biopsies were taken and prior to radical prostatectomy. The investigations were performed using Levovist contrast agent (Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) in combination with a Voluson 530D ultrasound scanner (Kretz AG, Zipf, Austria). The 7 @entity1 were selected because of lateralization of the contrast enhancement. Histology slides were made of the side with 'contrast enhancement' and of the contralateral 'unenhanced' side and stained according to the catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) amplification procedure, and MVD parameters were obtained. RESULTS: In all @entity1 the MVD count of the 'enhanced' side was higher than the MVD count of the 'unenhanced' side, averaging 1.93 times higher. On histology all enhanced lesions proved to contain @entity263 tissue (average maximum diameter 25 mm (range 17-31)). Two @entity1 had a small @entity5 lesion (4 and 5 mm respectively) and in total 5 @entity1 had even smaller satellite lesions (1-2 mm). The smaller lesions were not identified using 3D-CE-PDU. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that 3D power Doppler contrast ultrasonography is a minimally invasive imaging modality, which has the potential to visualize lesions with increased MVD. This property of 3D-CE-PDU could be used in the detection of @entity263 .

title: Microvessel density: correlation between contrast ultrasonography and histology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral tumor']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare histological features of @entity263 according to both @entity28 , defined by a body mass index (BMI) >= 30 kg/m2, and androgenic status in @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2007 and September 2013, clinical, pathological and biological data were prospectively collected for @entity1 referred for radical prostatectomy in a single European center. Preoperative total @entity251 (TT) and bioavailable @entity251 (bioT) serum determinations were performed. The threshold for @entity6126 was set at TT <3 ng/mL. The preoperative @entity11179 value was registered. Gleason score (GS) and predominant Gleason pattern (PrdGP) were determined in prostate tissue specimens, and crosschecked by two uro-pathologists. Statistical analyzes were done for PrdGP4 risk assessment. RESULTS: A total of 937 consecutive @entity1 were included. One hundred and thirty-five filled the criterion for @entity28 (14.4%), out of which 42 had TT <3 ng/mL (31.1%), while in non- @entity28 @entity1 , only 97 had TT <3 ng/mL (12.0%). In prostate specimens, mean GS was 6.8  0.5: 291 @entity1 (31.1%) had a PrdGP4. The incidence of PrdGP4 was higher (p<0.001) in the 135 @entity28 @entity1 [50% when hypogonadal (p<0.02) or 42% when eugonadal (p<0.005)] than in non- @entity28 @entity1 (28.9% and 27.1%, respectively). In multivariable analyzis for PrdGP4 risk, @entity28 , TT <3 ng/mL, @entity11179 , and age were independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity28 and @entity6126 are independent risk factors for PrdGP4 in @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy and should be taken into account in @entity263 management, to improve the therapeutic choice, especially when prostate sparing approach is considered.

title: XXXX and @entity6126 are associated with an increased risk of predominant Gleason 4 pattern on radical prostatectomy specimen.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare histological features of @entity263 according to both @entity28 , defined by a body mass index (BMI) >= 30 kg/m2, and androgenic status in @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2007 and September 2013, clinical, pathological and biological data were prospectively collected for @entity1 referred for radical prostatectomy in a single European center. Preoperative total @entity251 (TT) and bioavailable @entity251 (bioT) serum determinations were performed. The threshold for @entity6126 was set at TT <3 ng/mL. The preoperative @entity11179 value was registered. Gleason score (GS) and predominant Gleason pattern (PrdGP) were determined in prostate tissue specimens, and crosschecked by two uro-pathologists. Statistical analyzes were done for PrdGP4 risk assessment. RESULTS: A total of 937 consecutive @entity1 were included. One hundred and thirty-five filled the criterion for @entity28 (14.4%), out of which 42 had TT <3 ng/mL (31.1%), while in non- @entity28 @entity1 , only 97 had TT <3 ng/mL (12.0%). In prostate specimens, mean GS was 6.8  0.5: 291 @entity1 (31.1%) had a PrdGP4. The incidence of PrdGP4 was higher (p<0.001) in the 135 @entity28 @entity1 [50% when hypogonadal (p<0.02) or 42% when eugonadal (p<0.005)] than in non- @entity28 @entity1 (28.9% and 27.1%, respectively). In multivariable analyzis for PrdGP4 risk, @entity28 , TT <3 ng/mL, @entity11179 , and age were independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity28 and @entity6126 are independent risk factors for PrdGP4 in @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy and should be taken into account in @entity263 management, to improve the therapeutic choice, especially when prostate sparing approach is considered.

title: @entity28 and XXXX are associated with an increased risk of predominant Gleason 4 pattern on radical prostatectomy specimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6126 :: (MESH:D007006,Disease) :: ['hypogonadism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of surgery compared with conservative treatment (no surgery) for @entity459 . DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Nationwide Danish cohort. @entity1 : 3213 @entity1 , mean age 61 (SD 16) years, with a diagnosis of @entity459 between 1980 and 1999. 1934 (60%) underwent surgery and 1279 (40%) were treated conservatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence of @entity174 , @entity170 , kidney or urinary tract stones, @entity583 , @entity951 , @entity943 , @entity101 , @entity712 , @entity64 , acute @entity788 , @entity2275 , @entity925 , @entity5 , @entity146 , and mortality. RESULTS: At diagnosis of @entity459 , @entity1 who subsequently underwent surgery had a lower prevalence of previous @entity174 (odds ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.80), @entity583 (0.59, 0.42 to 0.83), @entity64 (0.57, 0.37 to 0.88), @entity146 (0.54, 0.31 to 0.94), and @entity925 (0.44, 0.26 to 0.76), whereas @entity1290 (2.49, 1.93 to 3.23) and acute @entity788 (2.77, 1.33 to 5.76) were more prevalent. After diagnosis, the risks of @entity174 (hazards ratio 0.69, 0.56 to 0.84) and @entity2275 (0.59, 0.41 to 0.84) were lower in @entity1 treated surgically than those treated conservatively. Events involving kidney or urinary tact stones were more prevalent in @entity1 treated surgically than @entity1 treated conservatively (1.87, 1.30 to 2.68). Mortality was lower in @entity1 treated surgically (0.65, 0.57 to 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 treated surgically for @entity459 have a lower prevalence of @entity174 and @entity2275 than @entity1 treated conservatively. The type of treatment had no effect on the occurrence of @entity65 .

title: Cohort study on effects of parathyroid surgery on multiple outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['painful muscle disorders', 'muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'stomach or duodenal ulcers']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: @entity114 -resistant @entity328 is widely spread worldwide. Our study was undertaken to examine the susceptibility and serotypes of @entity2260 in northern Thailand. Ninety-three @entity2260 strains were isolated from 93 @entity1 at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand, from September 1999 to June 2000. The strains were isolated from sputum (n = 51), blood (n = 15), nasopharynges (n = 14), and other sources (e.g., pus, ears, @entity843 , and cerebrospinal fluid) (n = 13). Of the 93 isolates, 29 (31.2%) were susceptible, 24 (25.8%) showed intermediate resistance (MIC, 0.12 to 1.0 micro g/ml), and 40 (43.0%) were fully resistant (MIC, >/=2.0 micro g/ml) to @entity3397 . Seven (46.7%) from blood, 5 (35.7%) from nasopharynges, 15 (29.4%) from sputum, and 2 (15.4%) from other sources were susceptible isolates. Serotyping with the use of antiserum revealed differences in the predominant types that were susceptible (6A, 11A, and 19A), intermediately resistant (6B and 23F), and fully resistant (6B, 19F, and 23F). Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of multidrug-resistant pneumococci showed four patterns (A, B, C, and D) for 16 isolates of serotype 19F, with pattern B being predominant (12 isolates). This finding was different from that with the Taiwan multidrug-resistant serotype 19F clone. Eleven isolates of serotype 6B all showed pattern E, and nine isolates of serotype 23F showed two patterns (F and G), with pattern F being predominant (seven isolates). This finding was similar to that with the Spanish multidrug-resistant serotype 23F clone. Our results indicated that the resistance of pneumococci to antibiotics in northern Thailand is progressing rapidly and that effort should be intensified to prevent any spread of pandemic multidrug-resistant serotypes 19F, 6B, and 23F.

title: Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of XXXX and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant serotype 19F, 6B, and 23F Pneumococci in northern Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: The existing literature is inconsistent with respect to optimal dietary concentrations of @entity8959 ( @entity4022 ) and @entity563 ( @entity60448 ) in broiler feed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the response of broilers to dietary levels of @entity4022 using a full quadratic model based on mixed model methodology. Response was measured as ADG (g/d), ADFI (g/d), and G:F (g/g). In addition, the influence of other dietary constituents was evaluated. This meta-analysis was based on a data set comprising a total of 9,626 broilers in 10 peer-reviewed papers that investigated the response of broilers to different dietary concentrations of @entity4022 , achieved by addition of free @entity4022 . The fitted quadratic model, with either @entity4022 + @entity60448 or the calculated @entity8959 equivalent (Glyequi) of both @entity3534 as the independent variable, revealed that all model terms were significant (P  <= 0.05), and hence proved a curvilinear relationship between these independent variables and response traits. The R(2) value and root @entity15 error confirmed a strong relationship between observed and predicted traits. A comparison of the influence of @entity4022 + @entity60448 and Glyequi on response traits revealed that both approaches produced similar results. Because Glyequi should meet the physiological values of a diet better than @entity4022 + @entity60448 , models with 2 independent variables were conducted using Glyequi. The second independent variables were @entity1853 ( @entity4508 ):TSAA ratio and the concentrations of @entity462 ( @entity2569 ) and @entity2723 . In models with one or 2 independent variables, the impact of dietary @entity4022 on ADFI was low. By contrast, G:F was markedly influenced by dietary @entity4022 ; this effect intensified at lower @entity4508 :TSAA ratios and higher @entity2569 and @entity2723 levels. ADG was also a function of Glyequi and the second independent variables. For ADG, an optimal @entity4508 :TSAA ratio of 0.655 and @entity2569 concentration of 0.302% was calculated. Following the nonlinear nature of relationship, generally applicable replacement values could not be calculated. However, it was concluded that consideration of dietary @entity2569 can diminish the requirement for Glyequi, and therefore, enable a reduction in the @entity2723 of broiler diets without limiting growth performance.

title: Meta-analysis of the influence of dietary XXXX and @entity563 , with consideration of @entity1853 and @entity462 , on growth and feed conversion of broilers.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity8959 :: (D005998,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: The existing literature is inconsistent with respect to optimal dietary concentrations of @entity8959 ( @entity4022 ) and @entity563 ( @entity60448 ) in broiler feed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the response of broilers to dietary levels of @entity4022 using a full quadratic model based on mixed model methodology. Response was measured as ADG (g/d), ADFI (g/d), and G:F (g/g). In addition, the influence of other dietary constituents was evaluated. This meta-analysis was based on a data set comprising a total of 9,626 broilers in 10 peer-reviewed papers that investigated the response of broilers to different dietary concentrations of @entity4022 , achieved by addition of free @entity4022 . The fitted quadratic model, with either @entity4022 + @entity60448 or the calculated @entity8959 equivalent (Glyequi) of both @entity3534 as the independent variable, revealed that all model terms were significant (P  <= 0.05), and hence proved a curvilinear relationship between these independent variables and response traits. The R(2) value and root @entity15 error confirmed a strong relationship between observed and predicted traits. A comparison of the influence of @entity4022 + @entity60448 and Glyequi on response traits revealed that both approaches produced similar results. Because Glyequi should meet the physiological values of a diet better than @entity4022 + @entity60448 , models with 2 independent variables were conducted using Glyequi. The second independent variables were @entity1853 ( @entity4508 ):TSAA ratio and the concentrations of @entity462 ( @entity2569 ) and @entity2723 . In models with one or 2 independent variables, the impact of dietary @entity4022 on ADFI was low. By contrast, G:F was markedly influenced by dietary @entity4022 ; this effect intensified at lower @entity4508 :TSAA ratios and higher @entity2569 and @entity2723 levels. ADG was also a function of Glyequi and the second independent variables. For ADG, an optimal @entity4508 :TSAA ratio of 0.655 and @entity2569 concentration of 0.302% was calculated. Following the nonlinear nature of relationship, generally applicable replacement values could not be calculated. However, it was concluded that consideration of dietary @entity2569 can diminish the requirement for Glyequi, and therefore, enable a reduction in the @entity2723 of broiler diets without limiting growth performance.

title: Meta-analysis of the influence of dietary @entity8959 and XXXX , with consideration of @entity1853 and @entity462 , on growth and feed conversion of broilers.

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: The existing literature is inconsistent with respect to optimal dietary concentrations of @entity8959 ( @entity4022 ) and @entity563 ( @entity60448 ) in broiler feed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the response of broilers to dietary levels of @entity4022 using a full quadratic model based on mixed model methodology. Response was measured as ADG (g/d), ADFI (g/d), and G:F (g/g). In addition, the influence of other dietary constituents was evaluated. This meta-analysis was based on a data set comprising a total of 9,626 broilers in 10 peer-reviewed papers that investigated the response of broilers to different dietary concentrations of @entity4022 , achieved by addition of free @entity4022 . The fitted quadratic model, with either @entity4022 + @entity60448 or the calculated @entity8959 equivalent (Glyequi) of both @entity3534 as the independent variable, revealed that all model terms were significant (P  <= 0.05), and hence proved a curvilinear relationship between these independent variables and response traits. The R(2) value and root @entity15 error confirmed a strong relationship between observed and predicted traits. A comparison of the influence of @entity4022 + @entity60448 and Glyequi on response traits revealed that both approaches produced similar results. Because Glyequi should meet the physiological values of a diet better than @entity4022 + @entity60448 , models with 2 independent variables were conducted using Glyequi. The second independent variables were @entity1853 ( @entity4508 ):TSAA ratio and the concentrations of @entity462 ( @entity2569 ) and @entity2723 . In models with one or 2 independent variables, the impact of dietary @entity4022 on ADFI was low. By contrast, G:F was markedly influenced by dietary @entity4022 ; this effect intensified at lower @entity4508 :TSAA ratios and higher @entity2569 and @entity2723 levels. ADG was also a function of Glyequi and the second independent variables. For ADG, an optimal @entity4508 :TSAA ratio of 0.655 and @entity2569 concentration of 0.302% was calculated. Following the nonlinear nature of relationship, generally applicable replacement values could not be calculated. However, it was concluded that consideration of dietary @entity2569 can diminish the requirement for Glyequi, and therefore, enable a reduction in the @entity2723 of broiler diets without limiting growth performance.

title: Meta-analysis of the influence of dietary @entity8959 and @entity563 , with consideration of XXXX and @entity462 , on growth and feed conversion of broilers.

answer: @entity1853 :: (MESH:D008715,Chemical) :: ['methionine']


abstract: The existing literature is inconsistent with respect to optimal dietary concentrations of @entity8959 ( @entity4022 ) and @entity563 ( @entity60448 ) in broiler feed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the response of broilers to dietary levels of @entity4022 using a full quadratic model based on mixed model methodology. Response was measured as ADG (g/d), ADFI (g/d), and G:F (g/g). In addition, the influence of other dietary constituents was evaluated. This meta-analysis was based on a data set comprising a total of 9,626 broilers in 10 peer-reviewed papers that investigated the response of broilers to different dietary concentrations of @entity4022 , achieved by addition of free @entity4022 . The fitted quadratic model, with either @entity4022 + @entity60448 or the calculated @entity8959 equivalent (Glyequi) of both @entity3534 as the independent variable, revealed that all model terms were significant (P  <= 0.05), and hence proved a curvilinear relationship between these independent variables and response traits. The R(2) value and root @entity15 error confirmed a strong relationship between observed and predicted traits. A comparison of the influence of @entity4022 + @entity60448 and Glyequi on response traits revealed that both approaches produced similar results. Because Glyequi should meet the physiological values of a diet better than @entity4022 + @entity60448 , models with 2 independent variables were conducted using Glyequi. The second independent variables were @entity1853 ( @entity4508 ):TSAA ratio and the concentrations of @entity462 ( @entity2569 ) and @entity2723 . In models with one or 2 independent variables, the impact of dietary @entity4022 on ADFI was low. By contrast, G:F was markedly influenced by dietary @entity4022 ; this effect intensified at lower @entity4508 :TSAA ratios and higher @entity2569 and @entity2723 levels. ADG was also a function of Glyequi and the second independent variables. For ADG, an optimal @entity4508 :TSAA ratio of 0.655 and @entity2569 concentration of 0.302% was calculated. Following the nonlinear nature of relationship, generally applicable replacement values could not be calculated. However, it was concluded that consideration of dietary @entity2569 can diminish the requirement for Glyequi, and therefore, enable a reduction in the @entity2723 of broiler diets without limiting growth performance.

title: Meta-analysis of the influence of dietary @entity8959 and @entity563 , with consideration of @entity1853 and XXXX , on growth and feed conversion of broilers.

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform a more critical assessment of @entity2994 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Graft patency may give an unrealistic impression of the outcome of bypass surgery. METHODS: During a 6-year period, 236 @entity1 undergoing primary vein grafts were entered into the study. An ideal outcome required the @entity1 to have survived 12 months with a patent graft on duplex scanning, no perioperative complication, and no further related open or endovascular surgery or admission. RESULTS: At 12 months, the secondary graft patency rate was 82%; however, only 22% of @entity1 had an ideal outcome. At 1 year, 44 (19%) @entity1 died, 93 (39%) required further ipsilateral and 39 (17%) contralateral intervention, and a total of 108 (46%) were readmitted. An ideal outcome was more likely in @entity1 receiving @entity460 channel blockers, principally because of improved primary patency, and less likely in those with @entity712 requiring @entity1483 , principally because of worse survival in these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Few @entity1 achieve an ideal result after @entity2994 . Outcome may be improved by the use of @entity460 channel blockers. Careful consideration is required before performing revascularization in @entity1 with @entity712 .

title: Critical assessment of the outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['infrainguinal vein bypass']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['infrainguinal vein bypass']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) is a risk factor for cardiovascular events, but its effect on @entity385 risk is established mainly in whites. The effect of LV geometry on @entity64 risk has not been defined. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether @entity4346 and LV geometry are independently associated with increased @entity385 risk in a multiethnic population. METHODS: A population-based case-control study was conducted on 394 @entity1 with first @entity385 and 413 age-, sex-, and race-ethnicity-matched community control subjects. LV mass was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. LV geometric patterns (normal, concentric remodeling, concentric or @entity1184 ) were identified. @entity64 risk associated with @entity4346 and different LV geometric patterns was assessed by conditional logistic regression analysis in the overall group and age, sex, and race-ethnic strata, with adjustment for established @entity64 risk factors. RESULTS: @entity1184 carried the greatest @entity64 risk (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 6.2), followed by @entity1184 (adjusted OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.0 to 4.3). Concentric remodeling carried slightly @entity64 risk (adjusted OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.9). Increased LV relative wall thickness was independently associated with @entity64 after adjustment for LV mass (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.3). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4346 and abnormal LV geometry are independently associated with @entity64 risk. @entity4346 is strongly associated with @entity385 in all age, sex, and race-ethnic subgroups. Increased LV relative wall thickness imparts an @entity64 risk after adjustment for LV mass and is of additional value in @entity64 risk prediction.

title: Left ventricular mass and geometry and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['increased stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric hypertrophy', 'Concentric hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A large number of @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 have a low plasma volume at least six months postpartum. The objective of this study was to determine whether a low plasma volume in formerly pre-eclamptic @entity1 and @entity2102 @entity1 is associated with an increased risk for recurrent @entity101 complications in a next pregnancy. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Tertiary obstetric centre. SAMPLE: Formerly pre-eclamptic @entity1 and controls. METHODS: In 316 @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 and/or @entity2102 , we measured, plasma volume along with haemodynamic, metabolic and haemostatic variables at least six months postpartum. A group of 22 healthy parous controls was used as a reference. After standardising plasma volume for body mass index, @entity1 were subdivided into normotensive and normal plasma volume (n = 199), normotensive and low plasma volume (n = 76) and @entity101 (n = 41) subgroups, which were compared for demography, clinical parameters and course of a next pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recurrent @entity101 . RESULTS: Relative to the normal plasma volume subgroup, normotensive @entity1 in the low plasma volume subgroup have a higher body mass index, a lower total vascular compliance and a shorter estimated systemic circulation time. They have a higher HOMA index and higher fasting @entity412 levels. In normotensive and @entity101 former @entity1 alike, low plasma volume is associated with a higher recurrence of @entity101 complications in a next pregnancy compared with normotensive @entity1 with normal plasma volume. CONCLUSION: Low plasma volume in normotensive @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 and/or @entity2102 is associated with overweight, reduced vascular compliance and insulin resistance and a predisposition for recurrent @entity1468 and @entity2102 in a next pregnancy.

title: Low plasma volume following pregnancy complicated by XXXX predisposes for @entity101 disease in a next pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disease of pregnancy', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP', 'HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia/HELLP', 'pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A large number of @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 have a low plasma volume at least six months postpartum. The objective of this study was to determine whether a low plasma volume in formerly pre-eclamptic @entity1 and @entity2102 @entity1 is associated with an increased risk for recurrent @entity101 complications in a next pregnancy. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Tertiary obstetric centre. SAMPLE: Formerly pre-eclamptic @entity1 and controls. METHODS: In 316 @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 and/or @entity2102 , we measured, plasma volume along with haemodynamic, metabolic and haemostatic variables at least six months postpartum. A group of 22 healthy parous controls was used as a reference. After standardising plasma volume for body mass index, @entity1 were subdivided into normotensive and normal plasma volume (n = 199), normotensive and low plasma volume (n = 76) and @entity101 (n = 41) subgroups, which were compared for demography, clinical parameters and course of a next pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recurrent @entity101 . RESULTS: Relative to the normal plasma volume subgroup, normotensive @entity1 in the low plasma volume subgroup have a higher body mass index, a lower total vascular compliance and a shorter estimated systemic circulation time. They have a higher HOMA index and higher fasting @entity412 levels. In normotensive and @entity101 former @entity1 alike, low plasma volume is associated with a higher recurrence of @entity101 complications in a next pregnancy compared with normotensive @entity1 with normal plasma volume. CONCLUSION: Low plasma volume in normotensive @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 and/or @entity2102 is associated with overweight, reduced vascular compliance and insulin resistance and a predisposition for recurrent @entity1468 and @entity2102 in a next pregnancy.

title: Low plasma volume following pregnancy complicated by @entity1468 predisposes for XXXX disease in a next pregnancy.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: SUMMARY: The recent identification and molecular characterization of @entity5 antigens provides the opportunity to explore the rational development of peptide-based @entity5 vaccines. However, the response to these vaccines remains variable, and peptide-based @entity5 vaccines may even produce tolerance induction and enhanced @entity5 growth. The authors have developed a unique method for the isolation of a polysaccharide polymer of chemically pure @entity62512 ( @entity62512 ). This highly purified polysaccharide can be formulated into a stable gel matrix (designated F2 gel matrix) with unique properties of a sustained-release delivery system that has previously been shown to be an effective immune adjuvant. F2 gel matrix is capable of providing sustained release of antigenic peptide and cytokine in vitro. The purposes of this study were to characterize the ability of F2 gel matrix to provide sustained local release of cytokines in vivo and to test the hypothesis that such sustained release can enhance the microenvironment for antigen presentation, leading to a more effective antitumor response. Subcutaneous administration of F2 gel/cytokine matrix resulted in sustained release of cytokine at the vaccine site for up to 120 hours. Sustained release of @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) was associated with an increased inflammatory infiltrate at the vaccine site and enhanced dendritic cell activation. Further, accination with F2 gel/SIINFEKL/ @entity2841 matrix resulted in enhanced antigen-specific immunity. Addition of @entity2841 to the F2 gel matrix resulted in an increase in the percentage of antigen-specific T cells in the draining lymph nodes, enhanced @entity137 , a sustained presence of antigen-specific T cells in the peripheral blood, and protection from E.G7 @entity5 challenge. These results support the potential of an F2 gel matrix modular vaccine delivery system that can provide sustained local release of cytokine in vivo, and confirm the powerful effects of @entity2841 as an immune adjuvant.

title: Sustained Release of XXXX From a Modular Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccine Alters Vaccine Microenvironment and Enhances the Antigen-Specific T-Cell Response.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity62512 :: ('MESH:C113831', 'Chemical') :: ['poly- N -acetyl glucosamine', 'p-GlcNAc']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor']