abstract: DnaK is essential for starvation-induced resistance to heat, oxidation, and reductive division in @entity526 . Studies reported here indicate that DnaK is also required for starvation-induced osmotolerance, catalase activity, and the production of the RpoS-controlled Dps (PexB) protein. Because these dnaK mutant phenotypes closely resemble those of rpoS (sigma38) mutants, the relationship between DnaK and RpoS was evaluated directly during growth and starvation at 30 degrees C in strains with genetically altered DnaK content. A starvation-specific effect of DnaK on RpoS abundance was observed. During @entity505 starvation, @entity942 reduced RpoS levels threefold, while DnaK excess increased RpoS levels nearly twofold. Complementation of the dnaK mutation restored starvation-induced RpoS levels to normal. @entity942 had no effect on the cellular concentration of DnaK, revealing an epistatic relationship between DnaK and RpoS. Protein half-life studies conducted at the onset of starvation indicate that @entity942 significantly destabilized RpoS. RpoH (sigma32) suppressors of the dnaK mutant with restored levels of RpoS and dnaK rpoS double mutants were used to show that DnaK plays both an independent and an RpoS-dependent role in starvation-induced thermotolerance. The results suggest that DnaK coordinates sigma factor levels in @entity413 -starved @entity526 .

title: Roles of DnaK and RpoS in starvation-induced thermotolerance of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['RpoS deficiency', 'DnaK deficiency']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4282 of the spine (SEHS) is an extremely rare entity. @entity1 known to have @entity49 or on anticoagulant drugs are the most affected. It is generally caused by a @entity1211 plexus secondary to minor @entity11283 such as cough, peridural catheter insertion... Early diagnosis and treatment showed to have the best outcome. CASES REPORT: We report 3 cases of spontaneous @entity4282 in @entity1 treated by @entity11271 , which occurred without any provocative factor. All 3 @entity1 were treated with decompressive laminectomy. DISCUSSION: We described the MRI findings and discussed the spontaneity of the entity. Our present case studies and the review of the literature showed that early diagnosis and management of SEHS can lead to improvement of the neurological state and avoid definitive motor and sensitive deficit. CONCLUSION: This rare entity should be suspected in every acute medullary syndrome with @entity158 . In order to decrease the sequelae, neurologically unstable @entity1 should benefit from early diagnosis and urgent surgical decompression.

title: XXXX of the spine associated with oral anticoagulants: 3 Case Studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['Spontaneous epidural hematoma', 'epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity11271 :: ('MESH:D000074', 'Chemical') :: ['acenocoumarol']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['spinal pain, motor and/or sensory deficit']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the postero-internal vertebral venous']

entities_list: @entity11283 :: ('MESH:D001469', 'Disease') :: ['barotrauma']

answer: @entity4282 :: (MESH:D046748,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous epidural hematoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of @entity674 ( @entity674 ) in Kuwait. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1710 - and eosin-stained sections of primary @entity361 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a panel of antibodies to determine muscle and neural differentiation, the incidence of @entity2467 and @entity2280 expression, as well as @entity588 and cytokeratin expression. Each stain was interpreted as negative or positive. The staining intensity of positive cases was graded as weak, moderate or strong. RESULTS: The age range was 25-80 with an average age of 54 and a male:female ratio of 3:2. The stomach was the most common site for these @entity5 , followed by the small intestine. Histologically, 46% were classified as malignant and 54% were benign. Most of the @entity5 occurred in males, particularly in the stomach or small intestine. There was no significant difference in @entity1 age between @entity5 . The most sensitive markers were muscle-specific actin for muscle differentiation and glial fibrillary acidic protein for neural differentiation. @entity2467 expression was seen in 81% and @entity2280 in 54% of all @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that the stomach is the most common site for these @entity5 , that @entity5 are more likely to occur in the small intestine than in the stomach, and that there is no difference between benign and @entity5 with regard to age. Our findings are comparable to those of other workers, although our male:female ratio was slightly higher.

title: XXXX : clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'malignant and benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: @entity706 with the characteristic features of @entity978 ( @entity978 ) occasionally develops in @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ), and has been called @entity6492 with @entity978 features. In such cases, large @entity5 cells have the morphological and immunophenotypic features of classical Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells. However, it is not known whether the H-RS cells arise from transformation of the underlying @entity1072 cells or from a different pathological process. We report herein a study of the clonal relationship between the @entity1072 cells and the H-RS cells in three cases of @entity6492 with @entity978 features by using a single cell assay. We isolated single @entity1072 cells and H-RS cells from immunostained tissue sections by micromanipulation. The @entity7513 ( @entity7513 ) complementarity determining region (CDR) III of each cell was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The products were then compared by gel electrophoresis and @entity377 sequencing. The @entity7513 CDRIII sequences from the H-RS cells were identical to those from the @entity1072 cells in two cases. In one case, the clonal relationship between the two types of cells could not be determined because PCR products could not be obtained from any of the H-RS cells. This study shows that the H-RS cells and the @entity1072 cells belong to the same clonal population in some cases of @entity6492 with @entity978 features. Furthermore, our findings indicate that mature B cells can undergo transformation to cells with the features of H-RS cells, in association with a cellular background typical of @entity978 . This study also supports recent findings suggesting that the H-RS cells in classical @entity978 are derived from transformed B cells.

title: Origin of the Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells in XXXX with "Hodgkin's transformation".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['A lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6492 :: ('MESH:C537025', 'Disease') :: ["Richter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity7513 :: ('3492', 'Gene') :: ['IgH', 'immunoglobulin heavy chain gene']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1876 leads to @entity1494 and subsequent decreases in contractile function in vivo and in vitro. We determined whether there were regional differences in bladder wall properties and in vitro contractile responses after 2 weeks of @entity1876 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male @entity95 underwent cystometry. The bladder was then filled to 40 ml. and the surface was marked with 2-zero silk knots placed approximately 1 cm. apart. The distance between the knots was measured at 20, 40 and 80 ml. The animals then underwent the creation of surgical obstruction. After 2 weeks the obstruction was removed. Cystometry and measurements were repeated and strips were obtained from defined dorsal and ventral areas. Contractile responses to electrical field stimulation, @entity855 , @entity5402 and @entity4338 were determined and compared with strips from unobstructed controls. RESULTS: In vivo expansion during @entity1494 occurred evenly throughout the bladder wall in controls and the contractile response to all stimuli was similar in ventral and dorsal strips. After 2 weeks of @entity1876 the upper dome expanded to a significantly higher degree than the lower bladder body. The response to all stimuli was significantly reduced after @entity1876 and there was a significantly decreased response to all stimuli in dorsal compared with ventral strips. Strips from the dorsal midline showed a relaxation response to electrical field stimulation at low frequencies, whereas all ventral strips contracted. CONCLUSIONS: Functional remodeling after @entity1876 is a process that does not occur to the same extent throughout the bladder. The obstructed bladder is an inhomogeneous organ with significant regional differences in mechanical and pharmacological properties.

title: Regional differences in @entity1494 and in vitro contractility after outlet obstruction in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder enlargement', 'bladder filling']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder outlet obstruction', 'bladder outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1876 leads to @entity1494 and subsequent decreases in contractile function in vivo and in vitro. We determined whether there were regional differences in bladder wall properties and in vitro contractile responses after 2 weeks of @entity1876 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male @entity95 underwent cystometry. The bladder was then filled to 40 ml. and the surface was marked with 2-zero silk knots placed approximately 1 cm. apart. The distance between the knots was measured at 20, 40 and 80 ml. The animals then underwent the creation of surgical obstruction. After 2 weeks the obstruction was removed. Cystometry and measurements were repeated and strips were obtained from defined dorsal and ventral areas. Contractile responses to electrical field stimulation, @entity855 , @entity5402 and @entity4338 were determined and compared with strips from unobstructed controls. RESULTS: In vivo expansion during @entity1494 occurred evenly throughout the bladder wall in controls and the contractile response to all stimuli was similar in ventral and dorsal strips. After 2 weeks of @entity1876 the upper dome expanded to a significantly higher degree than the lower bladder body. The response to all stimuli was significantly reduced after @entity1876 and there was a significantly decreased response to all stimuli in dorsal compared with ventral strips. Strips from the dorsal midline showed a relaxation response to electrical field stimulation at low frequencies, whereas all ventral strips contracted. CONCLUSIONS: Functional remodeling after @entity1876 is a process that does not occur to the same extent throughout the bladder. The obstructed bladder is an inhomogeneous organ with significant regional differences in mechanical and pharmacological properties.

title: Regional differences in XXXX and in vitro contractility after outlet obstruction in the @entity95 .

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder enlargement']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the relationship between sense of coherence, @entity458 and health related quality of life in @entity29 ( @entity29 ). METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled a consecutive sample of 147 @entity29 (aged 45.1    14.1 years; 57.1% female) @entity1 recruited from a tertiary gastroenterology service. Sixty-four @entity1 met diagnostic criteria for @entity30 , while eighty-three @entity1 had @entity31 . Socio-demographic data (education, age, race, gender, gross monthly income and marital status), disease-related variables (illness activity, relapse rate in past 2 years, history of surgery and time since diagnosis), sense of coherence (Antonovsky's SOC scale), @entity1109 ( @entity148 and @entity308 Scale) and @entity283 ( @entity283 ; WHOQOL-Bref) were assessed. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors that are independently associated with @entity458 and @entity283 in @entity1 with @entity29 and to provide indications for possible moderating or mediating effects. In addition, formal moderation and mediation analyses (Sobel tests) were performed to confirm potential moderators/mediators of the relationship between SOC, @entity1109 . RESULTS: Lower SOC scores (std beta= -0.504; P < 0.001), female gender (std beta = 0.176; P = 0.021) and White race (std beta = 0.164; P = 0.033) were independently associated with higher levels of @entity308 , while lower levels of SOC (std beta = -0.438; P < 0.001) and higher relapse rate (std beta = 0.161; P = 0.033) were independently associated with more severe @entity148 . A significant interaction between time since diagnosis and SOC was found with regard to the severity of @entity308 or @entity148 , as the interaction term (time since diagnosis X SOC) had beta coefficients of -0.191 (P = 0.009) and -0.172 (P = 0.026), respectively. Lower levels of @entity148 (std beta = -0.369; P < 0.001), higher levels of SOC (std beta = 0.231; P = 0.016) and non-White race (std beta = -0.229; P = 0.006), i.e., mixed-race, which represented the reference category, were independently associated with higher levels of overall @entity283 . @entity148 symptoms were the most potent independent correlate of most aspects of @entity283 . In addition, @entity148 mediated the association between SOC and satisfaction with health, as well as its relationship with physical, mental, and social relations @entity283 . @entity308 also mediated the association between SOC and mental @entity283 . CONCLUSION: Our data indicated that SOC is an important construct, as it influences @entity458 and has significant albeit indirect effects on several @entity283 domains in @entity29 .

title: Associations of sense of coherence with XXXX and quality of life in @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressive', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQoL', 'health-related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress symptoms and HRQoL', 'psychological distress symptoms']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'Hospital Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the relationship between sense of coherence, @entity458 and health related quality of life in @entity29 ( @entity29 ). METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled a consecutive sample of 147 @entity29 (aged 45.1    14.1 years; 57.1% female) @entity1 recruited from a tertiary gastroenterology service. Sixty-four @entity1 met diagnostic criteria for @entity30 , while eighty-three @entity1 had @entity31 . Socio-demographic data (education, age, race, gender, gross monthly income and marital status), disease-related variables (illness activity, relapse rate in past 2 years, history of surgery and time since diagnosis), sense of coherence (Antonovsky's SOC scale), @entity1109 ( @entity148 and @entity308 Scale) and @entity283 ( @entity283 ; WHOQOL-Bref) were assessed. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors that are independently associated with @entity458 and @entity283 in @entity1 with @entity29 and to provide indications for possible moderating or mediating effects. In addition, formal moderation and mediation analyses (Sobel tests) were performed to confirm potential moderators/mediators of the relationship between SOC, @entity1109 . RESULTS: Lower SOC scores (std beta= -0.504; P < 0.001), female gender (std beta = 0.176; P = 0.021) and White race (std beta = 0.164; P = 0.033) were independently associated with higher levels of @entity308 , while lower levels of SOC (std beta = -0.438; P < 0.001) and higher relapse rate (std beta = 0.161; P = 0.033) were independently associated with more severe @entity148 . A significant interaction between time since diagnosis and SOC was found with regard to the severity of @entity308 or @entity148 , as the interaction term (time since diagnosis X SOC) had beta coefficients of -0.191 (P = 0.009) and -0.172 (P = 0.026), respectively. Lower levels of @entity148 (std beta = -0.369; P < 0.001), higher levels of SOC (std beta = 0.231; P = 0.016) and non-White race (std beta = -0.229; P = 0.006), i.e., mixed-race, which represented the reference category, were independently associated with higher levels of overall @entity283 . @entity148 symptoms were the most potent independent correlate of most aspects of @entity283 . In addition, @entity148 mediated the association between SOC and satisfaction with health, as well as its relationship with physical, mental, and social relations @entity283 . @entity308 also mediated the association between SOC and mental @entity283 . CONCLUSION: Our data indicated that SOC is an important construct, as it influences @entity458 and has significant albeit indirect effects on several @entity283 domains in @entity29 .

title: Associations of sense of coherence with @entity458 and quality of life in XXXX .

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: It has been estimated that more than 30 million of @entity1 suffer from the symptoms in the lower urinary tract caused by @entity1067 . According to data from literature the term @entity1067 should be reserved only for histological diagnosis. The paper presents contemporary approaches to diagnostics and non-surgical, i.e. conservative modalities of the therapy. These modalities include: follow up of the @entity1 , medicamentous therapy and non-surgical invasive therapies. Medicamentous therapy implies phytotherapy, inhibitors of @entity10831 and antagonists of Alpha-adrenergic receptors. Non-surgical invasive therapies include: balloon dilatation, ureteral stents and thermotherapy. The paper indicates the place of certain options related to the conservative treatment of @entity1067 . A fact that only 10% of these @entity1 are treated surgically means that majority of them need other, i.e. conservative therapy. New achievements in the treatment of @entity1067 have aroused new hope for @entity1 suffering from this disease.

title: [Modern approach to conservative treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign hyperplasia of the prostate']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increased health risks associated with @entity28 have been found to occur in Asians at lower body mass indices (BMIs). To determine the optimal cut-off values for overweight or @entity28 in Taiwan, we examined the relationships between four anthropometric indices and @entity65 factors. METHODS: The data were collected from four health-screening centers from 1998 to 2000 in Taiwan. Included were 55 563 subjects (26 359 @entity1 and 29 204 @entity1 , mean age=37.3+/-10.9 and 37.0+/-11.1 y, respectively). None had known major @entity262 or were taking medication. Individual body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and a series of tests related to @entity65 (blood pressure, fasting plasma @entity413 , @entity1674 , total @entity165 , low- and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ) were assessed and their relationships were examined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to find out the optimal cut-off values of various anthropometric indices to predict @entity101 , @entity6 and @entity2299 . RESULTS: Of the four anthropometric indices we studied, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in @entity1 was found to have the largest areas under the ROC curve ( @entity1 =0.755, 95% CI 0.748-0.763) relative to at least one risk factor (ie @entity101 or @entity6 or @entity2299 ). The optimal cut-off values for overweight or @entity28 from our study in @entity1 and @entity1 showed that BMIs of 23.6 and 22.1 kg/m(2), WCs of 80.5 and 71.5 cm, waist-to-hip ratios (WHpR) of 0.85 and 0.76, and WHtR of 0.48 and 0.45, respectively, may be more appropriate in Taiwan. CONCLUSIONS: WHtR may be a better indicator for screening overweight- or @entity28 -related CVD risk factors than the other three indexes (BMI, WC and WHpR) in Taiwan. Our study also supported the hypothesis that the cut-off values using BMI and WC to define @entity28 should be much lower in Taiwan than in Western countries.

title: Optimal cut-off values for @entity28 : using simple anthropometric indices to predict XXXX factors in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increased health risks associated with @entity28 have been found to occur in Asians at lower body mass indices (BMIs). To determine the optimal cut-off values for overweight or @entity28 in Taiwan, we examined the relationships between four anthropometric indices and @entity65 factors. METHODS: The data were collected from four health-screening centers from 1998 to 2000 in Taiwan. Included were 55 563 subjects (26 359 @entity1 and 29 204 @entity1 , mean age=37.3+/-10.9 and 37.0+/-11.1 y, respectively). None had known major @entity262 or were taking medication. Individual body weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and a series of tests related to @entity65 (blood pressure, fasting plasma @entity413 , @entity1674 , total @entity165 , low- and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 ) were assessed and their relationships were examined. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to find out the optimal cut-off values of various anthropometric indices to predict @entity101 , @entity6 and @entity2299 . RESULTS: Of the four anthropometric indices we studied, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in @entity1 was found to have the largest areas under the ROC curve ( @entity1 =0.755, 95% CI 0.748-0.763) relative to at least one risk factor (ie @entity101 or @entity6 or @entity2299 ). The optimal cut-off values for overweight or @entity28 from our study in @entity1 and @entity1 showed that BMIs of 23.6 and 22.1 kg/m(2), WCs of 80.5 and 71.5 cm, waist-to-hip ratios (WHpR) of 0.85 and 0.76, and WHtR of 0.48 and 0.45, respectively, may be more appropriate in Taiwan. CONCLUSIONS: WHtR may be a better indicator for screening overweight- or @entity28 -related CVD risk factors than the other three indexes (BMI, WC and WHpR) in Taiwan. Our study also supported the hypothesis that the cut-off values using BMI and WC to define @entity28 should be much lower in Taiwan than in Western countries.

title: Optimal cut-off values for XXXX : using simple anthropometric indices to predict @entity65 factors in Taiwan.

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intrahepatic biliary mucinous @entity5 are rare @entity99 and account for less than 5% of @entity5409 . Accurate preoperative diagnosis is difficult and the outcome differs among various treatment modalities.The aim of this study is to investigate the clinico-radiological characteristics of @entity1125 and to establish eligible diagnostic and treatment suggestions. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 with intrahepatic @entity9296 and two @entity1 with @entity7157 were retrospectively reviewed. Their clinico-radiological variables and survival outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 19 @entity1 with @entity9296 , 16 (84.2  %) were female. 11 (57.9  %) @entity1 had symptoms before operation with the most common presenting symptom being @entity490 . Among the @entity1 with available data, serum and cystic fluid CA 19-9 levels were invariably elevated and the CA 19-9 level in the cystic fluid was significantly higher than that in the serum. Loculations (84.2  %) and septations (63.2  %) were the most common radiologic findings. For treatment, 11 (57.9  %) @entity1 received radical resection by either enucleation or hepatic resection, while the remaining 8 (42.1  %) @entity1 underwent only fenestration of @entity96 . Radical resection provided a significantly better clinical outcome than fenestration in terms of @entity5 recurrence (p   =   0.018). The only two male @entity1 with @entity7157 received radical hepatic resection and achieved a @entity66 .5  months and 33  months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Intrahepatic biliary mucinous @entity5 are rare and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Internal septations and loculations on radiologic examinations should raise some suspicion of this diagnosis. Complete @entity5 excision is the standard treatment that may provide @entity1 with better long term results after the operation.

title: Intrahepatic biliary mucinous XXXX : clinicoradiological characteristics and surgical results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease-free survival of 16']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cystic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cystadenomas', 'biliary cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic biliary mucinous cystic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cystadenocarcinoma', 'biliary cystadenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cystic neoplasms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging leads to a gradual decline in the fidelity of cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to neuronal activation, resulting in an increased risk for @entity64 and @entity303 . However, it is currently unknown when age-related @entity409 starts or which vascular components and functions are first affected. The aim of this study was to examine the function of microcirculation throughout aging in @entity19 . Microcirculation was challenged by inhalation of 5% and 10% @entity3158 or by forepaw stimulation in 6-week, 8-month, and 12-month-old FVB/ @entity19 . The resulting dilation of pial vessels and increase in CBF was measured by intravital fluorescence microscopy and laser Doppler fluxmetry, respectively. Neurovascular coupling and astrocytic endfoot @entity141 were measured in acute brain slices from 18-month-old @entity19 . We did not reveal any changes in CBF after @entity3158 reactivity up to an age of 12 months. However, direct visualization of pial vessels by in vivo microscopy showed a significant, age-dependent loss of @entity3158 reactivity starting at 8 months of age. At the same age neurovascular coupling was also significantly affected. These results suggest that aging does not affect cerebral vessel function simultaneously, but starts in pial microvessels months before global changes in CBF are detectable.Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow _ Metabolism advance online publication, 10 June 2015; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2015.107.

title: Dysfunction of XXXX cerebral arteries during early aging.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular dysfunction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Quantifying the proliferation of neoplastic cells is an important and objective element in estimating the degree indicating the @entity5 and their reaction to applied treatment. The basic problem in the procedure dealing with the @entity3969 in @entity1 is the classification of @entity1 into appropriate risk groups. The goal of this study was to explore the possibility of determining the proliferation index in @entity3969 with the aid of monoclonal antibody @entity1758 . The material comprised segments of the @entity5 taken from 35 @entity1 treated at the @entity1 and Youth Oncology Clinic of the Mother and @entity1 Institute in Warsaw as well as at the Pediatric Surgery Clinic of the Pomeranian Medical Academy in Szczecin in the years from 1982 to 1994. Specimens for immunohistochemical investigations were prepared from the tissues of @entity5 , fixed in @entity982 and embedded in paraffin blocs. The positive response of the reaction for the Ki-67 antigen was visible in the form of red-stained granules (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4). The index for proliferation of the cell nuclei was determined in the individual components of the @entity5 : blastema, epithelial tissue and stroma. Distinct difference was disclosed to exist between low values for stromal cells (3.3%) and high ones for blastemic cells (22.3%) and epithelial cells (23.7%). The post chemotherapy group revealed higher values of the index within the epithelial cells and lower among blastemic cells as compared to the group without chemotherapy. The prognostic significance of the proliferation index when using monoclonal antibody @entity1758 was studied by dividing the @entity5 into two groups, namely: below and above 20% of the index value. It was noticed that there was a concurrency of higher proliferation values among blastemic and epithelial cells with worse prognosticating cases. The cases, in which after chemotherapy the index of proliferation within blastema persisted being high, were recorded to predict poorer prognosis.

title: [Immunohistochemical evaluation of the percentage of proliferating neoplastic cells of @entity3969 in @entity1 by means of the XXXX monoclonal antibody].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumors"]

answer: @entity1758 :: (57534,Gene) :: ['MIB-1']


abstract: Quantifying the proliferation of neoplastic cells is an important and objective element in estimating the degree indicating the @entity5 and their reaction to applied treatment. The basic problem in the procedure dealing with the @entity3969 in @entity1 is the classification of @entity1 into appropriate risk groups. The goal of this study was to explore the possibility of determining the proliferation index in @entity3969 with the aid of monoclonal antibody @entity1758 . The material comprised segments of the @entity5 taken from 35 @entity1 treated at the @entity1 and Youth Oncology Clinic of the Mother and @entity1 Institute in Warsaw as well as at the Pediatric Surgery Clinic of the Pomeranian Medical Academy in Szczecin in the years from 1982 to 1994. Specimens for immunohistochemical investigations were prepared from the tissues of @entity5 , fixed in @entity982 and embedded in paraffin blocs. The positive response of the reaction for the Ki-67 antigen was visible in the form of red-stained granules (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4). The index for proliferation of the cell nuclei was determined in the individual components of the @entity5 : blastema, epithelial tissue and stroma. Distinct difference was disclosed to exist between low values for stromal cells (3.3%) and high ones for blastemic cells (22.3%) and epithelial cells (23.7%). The post chemotherapy group revealed higher values of the index within the epithelial cells and lower among blastemic cells as compared to the group without chemotherapy. The prognostic significance of the proliferation index when using monoclonal antibody @entity1758 was studied by dividing the @entity5 into two groups, namely: below and above 20% of the index value. It was noticed that there was a concurrency of higher proliferation values among blastemic and epithelial cells with worse prognosticating cases. The cases, in which after chemotherapy the index of proliferation within blastema persisted being high, were recorded to predict poorer prognosis.

title: [Immunohistochemical evaluation of the percentage of proliferating neoplastic cells of XXXX in @entity1 by means of the @entity1758 monoclonal antibody].

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: Quantifying the proliferation of neoplastic cells is an important and objective element in estimating the degree indicating the @entity5 and their reaction to applied treatment. The basic problem in the procedure dealing with the @entity3969 in @entity1 is the classification of @entity1 into appropriate risk groups. The goal of this study was to explore the possibility of determining the proliferation index in @entity3969 with the aid of monoclonal antibody @entity1758 . The material comprised segments of the @entity5 taken from 35 @entity1 treated at the @entity1 and Youth Oncology Clinic of the Mother and @entity1 Institute in Warsaw as well as at the Pediatric Surgery Clinic of the Pomeranian Medical Academy in Szczecin in the years from 1982 to 1994. Specimens for immunohistochemical investigations were prepared from the tissues of @entity5 , fixed in @entity982 and embedded in paraffin blocs. The positive response of the reaction for the Ki-67 antigen was visible in the form of red-stained granules (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4). The index for proliferation of the cell nuclei was determined in the individual components of the @entity5 : blastema, epithelial tissue and stroma. Distinct difference was disclosed to exist between low values for stromal cells (3.3%) and high ones for blastemic cells (22.3%) and epithelial cells (23.7%). The post chemotherapy group revealed higher values of the index within the epithelial cells and lower among blastemic cells as compared to the group without chemotherapy. The prognostic significance of the proliferation index when using monoclonal antibody @entity1758 was studied by dividing the @entity5 into two groups, namely: below and above 20% of the index value. It was noticed that there was a concurrency of higher proliferation values among blastemic and epithelial cells with worse prognosticating cases. The cases, in which after chemotherapy the index of proliferation within blastema persisted being high, were recorded to predict poorer prognosis.

title: [Immunohistochemical evaluation of the percentage of proliferating neoplastic cells of @entity3969 in XXXX by means of the @entity1758 monoclonal antibody].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of the present study was to compare the hallux @entity551 seen in standard footwear (no orthosis) versus the pressure observed in the same footwear with the addition of 3 different length orthoses. The forefoot pressure at a @entity4553 was recorded with pressure sensors placed on the plantar, medial, and dorsal surface of the first metatarsal head. The @entity1 performed walking trials without an orthosis and with orthoses of 3 different lengths. The average pressure and maximum pressure of each area was recorded for each orthosis, and comparisons were made across the groups. The plantar pressures were decreased in the full length and 3/4 length orthoses, and the dorsal pressures were increased with the use of the full-length and sulcus-length orthoses. Significant changes in medial pressure were not seen with the addition of any orthosis compared with standard footwear alone. However, a trend toward increased medial pressures was seen with the full- and sulcus-length orthoses, and the 3/4-length orthoses exhibited a trend toward decreased medial pressures. We were unable to demonstrate that the use of a custom foot orthosis significantly decreases the medial pressures on the first metatarsal head in @entity1 with @entity4553 . The 3/4-length orthosis was less likely to negatively affect the dorsal or medial pressures, which were noted to increase with the sulcus- and full-length orthoses. Our data suggest that if a clinician uses this treatment option, a 3/4-length orthosis might be a better choice than a sulcus- or full-length orthosis.

title: Biomechanical Evaluation of Custom Foot Orthoses for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus deformity']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['valgus deformity pressure parameters']

answer: @entity4553 :: (MESH:D006215,Disease) :: ['Hallux Valgus  Deformity']


abstract: Inhibition of topoisomerase I by @entity1945 results in a compensatory increase in topoisomerase II levels associated with increased in vitro sensitivity of @entity5 to @entity2879 . Maximum synergy has been observed for the sequence of @entity1945 followed by @entity2879 . This is the pharmacologic rationale for the sequence of @entity1945 0.4 mg/m(2) per day for 7 days continuous i.v. infusion, @entity3003 i.v. on day 8, and @entity2879 50 mg per day p.o. days 9 through 20. The @entity3003 dosage was escalated from an AUC of 4 to 5 to 6 (Calvert formula). Up to six treatment cycles were administered at 28-day intervals. Eligible @entity1 had metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) or extensive @entity151 ( @entity151 ), no prior chemotherapy, performance status 0-2, and adequate organ function. Follow-up was twice weekly in the first cycle for CBC and for @entity1945 and @entity2879 concentrations. Follow-up, thereafter, was weekly. @entity5 response was assessed after two and six cycles and then as clinically indicated. At @entity3003 AUCs of 4 and 5, no NCI grade 4 @entity137 was observed in cycle 1 in cohorts of three @entity1 each. At the AUC of 5, two @entity1 experienced dose-limiting events after cycle 3, one grade 4 @entity1398 lasting >3 days (no fever) and one failure to recover an absolute neutrophil count >1500/microl by day 35. This was, therefore, deemed the maximal tolerable dose. Number of treatment cycles per @entity1 ranged between 1 and 6, and three @entity1 completed six cycles. All @entity1 were male, age 47-71, with @entity1149 in one and @entity151 in six. The @entity1 with @entity1149 had @entity74 after one cycle. One complete and three partial responses were observed in five @entity1 with @entity151 . Mean steady-state plasma concentrations during @entity1945 infusion ranged from 0.73 to 1.69 ng/ml, and mean @entity2879 concentrations ranged from 60 to 230 ng/ml. This sequence of @entity1945 , @entity3003 , and @entity2879 appeared tolerable and active. @entity1398 was the dose-limiting @entity137 .

title: Phase I and pharmacologic study of sequential @entity1945 , XXXX , and @entity2879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'disease small lung cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: Inhibition of topoisomerase I by @entity1945 results in a compensatory increase in topoisomerase II levels associated with increased in vitro sensitivity of @entity5 to @entity2879 . Maximum synergy has been observed for the sequence of @entity1945 followed by @entity2879 . This is the pharmacologic rationale for the sequence of @entity1945 0.4 mg/m(2) per day for 7 days continuous i.v. infusion, @entity3003 i.v. on day 8, and @entity2879 50 mg per day p.o. days 9 through 20. The @entity3003 dosage was escalated from an AUC of 4 to 5 to 6 (Calvert formula). Up to six treatment cycles were administered at 28-day intervals. Eligible @entity1 had metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) or extensive @entity151 ( @entity151 ), no prior chemotherapy, performance status 0-2, and adequate organ function. Follow-up was twice weekly in the first cycle for CBC and for @entity1945 and @entity2879 concentrations. Follow-up, thereafter, was weekly. @entity5 response was assessed after two and six cycles and then as clinically indicated. At @entity3003 AUCs of 4 and 5, no NCI grade 4 @entity137 was observed in cycle 1 in cohorts of three @entity1 each. At the AUC of 5, two @entity1 experienced dose-limiting events after cycle 3, one grade 4 @entity1398 lasting >3 days (no fever) and one failure to recover an absolute neutrophil count >1500/microl by day 35. This was, therefore, deemed the maximal tolerable dose. Number of treatment cycles per @entity1 ranged between 1 and 6, and three @entity1 completed six cycles. All @entity1 were male, age 47-71, with @entity1149 in one and @entity151 in six. The @entity1 with @entity1149 had @entity74 after one cycle. One complete and three partial responses were observed in five @entity1 with @entity151 . Mean steady-state plasma concentrations during @entity1945 infusion ranged from 0.73 to 1.69 ng/ml, and mean @entity2879 concentrations ranged from 60 to 230 ng/ml. This sequence of @entity1945 , @entity3003 , and @entity2879 appeared tolerable and active. @entity1398 was the dose-limiting @entity137 .

title: Phase I and pharmacologic study of sequential @entity1945 , @entity3003 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: Inhibition of topoisomerase I by @entity1945 results in a compensatory increase in topoisomerase II levels associated with increased in vitro sensitivity of @entity5 to @entity2879 . Maximum synergy has been observed for the sequence of @entity1945 followed by @entity2879 . This is the pharmacologic rationale for the sequence of @entity1945 0.4 mg/m(2) per day for 7 days continuous i.v. infusion, @entity3003 i.v. on day 8, and @entity2879 50 mg per day p.o. days 9 through 20. The @entity3003 dosage was escalated from an AUC of 4 to 5 to 6 (Calvert formula). Up to six treatment cycles were administered at 28-day intervals. Eligible @entity1 had metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) or extensive @entity151 ( @entity151 ), no prior chemotherapy, performance status 0-2, and adequate organ function. Follow-up was twice weekly in the first cycle for CBC and for @entity1945 and @entity2879 concentrations. Follow-up, thereafter, was weekly. @entity5 response was assessed after two and six cycles and then as clinically indicated. At @entity3003 AUCs of 4 and 5, no NCI grade 4 @entity137 was observed in cycle 1 in cohorts of three @entity1 each. At the AUC of 5, two @entity1 experienced dose-limiting events after cycle 3, one grade 4 @entity1398 lasting >3 days (no fever) and one failure to recover an absolute neutrophil count >1500/microl by day 35. This was, therefore, deemed the maximal tolerable dose. Number of treatment cycles per @entity1 ranged between 1 and 6, and three @entity1 completed six cycles. All @entity1 were male, age 47-71, with @entity1149 in one and @entity151 in six. The @entity1 with @entity1149 had @entity74 after one cycle. One complete and three partial responses were observed in five @entity1 with @entity151 . Mean steady-state plasma concentrations during @entity1945 infusion ranged from 0.73 to 1.69 ng/ml, and mean @entity2879 concentrations ranged from 60 to 230 ng/ml. This sequence of @entity1945 , @entity3003 , and @entity2879 appeared tolerable and active. @entity1398 was the dose-limiting @entity137 .

title: Phase I and pharmacologic study of sequential XXXX , @entity3003 , and @entity2879 .

answer: @entity1945 :: (MESH:D019772,Chemical) :: ['topotecan']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To update the EULAR recommendations for management of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) by an evidence based medicine and expert opinion approach. METHODS: The literature search and guidelines were restricted to treatments for knee @entity571 pertaining to clinical and/or radiological @entity571 of any compartment of the knee. Papers for combined treatment of knee and other types of @entity571 were excluded. Medline and Embase were searched using a combination of subject headings and key words. Searches for those treatments previously investigated were conducted for January 1999 to February 2002 and for those treatments not previously investigated for 1966 to February 2002. The level of evidence found for each treatment was documented. Quality scores were determined for each paper, an effect size comparing the treatment with placebo was calculated, where possible, and a @entity137 profile was determined for each treatment modality. RESULTS: 497 new publications were identified by the search. Of these, 103 were intervention trials and included in the overall analysis, and 33 treatment modalities were identified. Previously identified publications which were not exclusively knee @entity571 in the initial analysis were rejected. In total, 545 publications were included. Based on the results of the literature search and expert opinion, 10 recommendations for the treatment of knee @entity571 were devised using a five stage Delphi technique. Based on expert opinion, a further set of 10 items was identified by a five stage Delphi technique as important for future research. CONCLUSION: The updated recommendations support some of the previous propositions published in 2000 but also include modified statements and new propositions. Although a large number of treatment options for knee @entity571 exist, the evidence based format of the EULAR Recommendations continues to identify key clinical questions that currently are unanswered.

title: EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of XXXX : Report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT).

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low @entity4615 may be considered the elective, alternative method for the acute restoration of sinus rhythm when direct current cardioversion fails or is contraindicated. Transesophageal cardioversion is a further alternative method for the recovery of sinus rhythm and obviates the potential complications of the low @entity4615 venous approach. METHODS: The present prospective study including 30 @entity1 (21 males, 9 females, mean age 65.1 years, range 52-76 years), with persistent @entity955 (mean duration 4.3 months), was undertaken in order to further evaluate, with regard to transesophageal cardioversion: 1) the acute efficacy, 2) the @entity1 acceptance of the procedure, 3) the preferable choice among direct current cardioversion, low @entity4615 and transesophageal cardioversion, 4) the time required to perform the procedure, 5) the incidence of complications, and 6) the persistence of sinus rhythm after 1 month. RESULTS: Sinus rhythm was acutely restored in 29 @entity1 (96.7%). Discomfort induced by the electrical shock was minimal or mild in most @entity1 (75.8%). Transesophageal cardioversion was usually preferred by @entity1 who had been previously submitted to direct current cardioversion or low @entity4615 . The mean total time required to perform the procedure was 107.9 min. No complications related to the procedure occurred. In spite of adequate pharmacological prophylaxis of @entity955 only 41.4% of @entity1 were in sinus rhythm 1 month after successful transesophageal cardioversion. CONCLUSIONS: Transesophageal cardioversion may be considered a very effective, well accepted and non-time consuming procedure for the short-term restoration of sinus rhythm. The incidence of complications is low.

title: Transesophageal electrical cardioversion of persistent XXXX : a new approach for an old technology.

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['energy intracardiac cardioversion']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a nurse led smoking cessation intervention affects smoking cessation rates in @entity1 admitted for @entity301 . DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Cardiac ward of a general hospital, Norway. @entity1 : 240 smokers aged under 76 years admitted for @entity583 , @entity1459 , or cardiac bypass surgery. 118 were randomly assigned to the intervention and 122 to usual care (control group). INTERVENTION: The intervention was based on a booklet and focused on fear arousal and prevention of relapses. The intervention was delivered by cardiac nurses without special training. The intervention was initiated in hospital, and the @entity1 were contacted regularly for at least five months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Smoking cessation rates at 12 months determined by self report and biochemical verification. RESULTS: 12 months after admission to hospital, 57% (n = 57/100) of @entity1 in the intervention group and 37% (n = 44/118) in the control group had quit smoking (absolute risk reduction 20%, 95% confidence interval 6% to 33%). The number needed to treat to get one additional @entity1 who would quit was 5 (95% confidence interval, 3 to 16). Assuming all dropouts relapsed at 12 months, the smoking cessation rates were 50% in the intervention group and 37% in the control group (absolute risk reduction 13%, 0% to 26%). CONCLUSION: A smoking cessation programme delivered by cardiac nurses without special training, significantly reduced smoking rates in @entity1 12 months after admission to hospital for @entity301 .

title: Randomised controlled trial of smoking cessation intervention after admission for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: AIM: @entity1 health varies with body mass index (BMI), but it is unknown by what age or how much this attracts additional population health-care costs. We aimed to determine the (1) cross-sectional relationships between BMI and costs across the first decade of life and (2) in longitudinal analyses, whether costs increase with duration of underweight or @entity28 . METHODS: @entity1 : Baby (n = 4230) and Kindergarten (n = 4543) cohorts in the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian @entity1 . OUTCOME: Medicare Benefits Scheme (including all general practitioner plus a large proportion of paediatrician visits) plus prescription medication costs to federal government from birth to sixth (Baby cohort) and fourth to tenth (Kindergarten cohort) birthdays. PREDICTOR: biennial BMI measurements over the same period. RESULTS: Among Australian @entity1 under 10 years of age, 5-6% were underweight, 11-18% overweight and 5-6% @entity28 . Excess costs with low and high BMI became evident from age 4-5 years, with normal weight accruing the least, @entity28 the most, and underweight and overweight intermediate costs. Relative to overall between- @entity1 variation, these excess costs per @entity1 were very modest, with a maximum of  94 per year at age 4-5 years. Nonetheless, this projects to a substantial cost to government of approximately  13 million per annum for all Australian @entity1 aged less than 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial excess population costs provide further economic justification for promoting healthy body weight. However, @entity28 @entity1 's low individual excess health-care costs mean that effective treatments are likely to increase short-term costs to the public health purse during childhood.

title: Health-care costs of underweight, overweight and XXXX : Australian population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical health of @entity1 with @entity161 is poor and they die early from @entity65 . AIMS: To describe the lifestyle of @entity1 with @entity161 through diet, smoking habits, weight and exercise, and to report risk of @entity301 ( @entity301 ). METHOD: Dietary habits of 102 community-dwelling @entity1 with @entity161 were assessed by the Scottish Health Survey Questionnaire. Also assessed were smoking habits, physical activity, biochemical indices of nutrition and future risk of @entity301 . RESULTS: Fewer males, compared with the general population, reached acceptable levels for consumption of fruit, vegetables, milk, @entity415 and pulses. Fewer females reached the levels for consumption of milk and @entity415 . Mean number of fruit and vegetable portions consumed per week was 16 (s.d.=14); 71 (70%) were smokers; 25 (86%) females and 50 (70%) males were over weight or @entity28 ; 59 (59%) considered themselves physically active; 46 (53%) had a raised @entity165 : high-density lipoprotein ratio, and 64 (74%) a low @entity1881 : @entity165 ratio. Mean 10-year risk of @entity301 in males was 10.5% (s.d.=8) and in females 7% (s.d.=6). CONCLUSIONS: The lifestyle of @entity1 with @entity161 must give cause for concern in relation to @entity301 . Care from concern in relation to secondary care services must address physical as well as mental health.

title: Diet, smoking and cardiovascular risk in @entity1 with XXXX : descriptive study.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical health of @entity1 with @entity161 is poor and they die early from @entity65 . AIMS: To describe the lifestyle of @entity1 with @entity161 through diet, smoking habits, weight and exercise, and to report risk of @entity301 ( @entity301 ). METHOD: Dietary habits of 102 community-dwelling @entity1 with @entity161 were assessed by the Scottish Health Survey Questionnaire. Also assessed were smoking habits, physical activity, biochemical indices of nutrition and future risk of @entity301 . RESULTS: Fewer males, compared with the general population, reached acceptable levels for consumption of fruit, vegetables, milk, @entity415 and pulses. Fewer females reached the levels for consumption of milk and @entity415 . Mean number of fruit and vegetable portions consumed per week was 16 (s.d.=14); 71 (70%) were smokers; 25 (86%) females and 50 (70%) males were over weight or @entity28 ; 59 (59%) considered themselves physically active; 46 (53%) had a raised @entity165 : high-density lipoprotein ratio, and 64 (74%) a low @entity1881 : @entity165 ratio. Mean 10-year risk of @entity301 in males was 10.5% (s.d.=8) and in females 7% (s.d.=6). CONCLUSIONS: The lifestyle of @entity1 with @entity161 must give cause for concern in relation to @entity301 . Care from concern in relation to secondary care services must address physical as well as mental health.

title: Diet, smoking and cardiovascular risk in XXXX with @entity161 : descriptive study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We investigated the ability of cryopreserved @entity1 amniotic membrane (hAM) scaffold sealed with an underwater adhesive, bio-inspired by marine sandcastle worms to promote healing of @entity2241 in a pregnant @entity1707 model. METHODS: Twelve Yucatan miniature @entity1707 underwent laparotomy under general anesthesia at 70 days gestation (term  =  114 days). The gestational sacs were assigned to uninstrumented (n  =  24) and instrumented with 12 Fr trocar, which was further randomized into four different arms-no hAM patch, (n  =  22), hAM patch secured with suture (n  =  16), hAM patch with no suture (n  =  14), and hAM patch secured with adhesive (n  =  9). The animals were euthanized 20 days after the procedure. Gross and histological examination of the entry site was performed for fetal membrane healing. RESULTS: There were no differences in fetal survival, amniotic fluid levels, or dye-leakage from the amniotic cavity between the groups. The fetal membranes spontaneously healed in instrumented sacs without hAM patches. In sacs with hAM patches secured with sutures, the patch was incorporated into the @entity1707 fetal membranes. In sacs with hAM patches without sutures, 100% of the patches were displaced from the defect site, whereas in sacs with hAM patches secured with adhesive 55% of the patches remained in place and showed complete healing (p  =  0.04). DISCUSSION: In contrast to @entity1 , @entity1707 fetal membranes heal spontaneously after an @entity130 and thus not an adequate model. hAM patches became incorporated into the defect site by cellular ingrowth from the fetal membranes. The bioinspired adhesive adhered the hAM patches within the defect site.

title: Cryopreserved XXXX amniotic membrane and a bioinspired underwater adhesive to seal and promote healing of iatrogenic fetal membrane defect sites.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic fetal membrane defects']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the concept of selective superior and @entity4237 involvement in @entity388 by studying the distribution of semicircular canal (SCC) involvement in such @entity1 . BACKGROUND: @entity388 was traditionally thought to involve the superior and @entity4237 . Recent work suggests that in some @entity1 , only the superior nerve is involved. So far there are no reported cases of selective involvement of the @entity4237 . METHODS: The authors measured the vestibuloocular reflex from individual SCC at natural head accelerations using the head impulse test. The authors studied 33 @entity1 with acute unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy, including 29 with @entity388 and 4 with simultaneous ipsilateral @entity393 , 18 healthy subjects and 15 surgical unilateral vestibular deafferented @entity1 . RESULTS: In @entity1 with preserved hearing, eight had deficits in all three SCC, suggesting @entity4237 . Twenty-one had a lateral SCC deficit or a combined lateral and anterior SCC deficit consistent with selective involvement of the superior vestibular nerve. Two @entity1 with ipsilateral @entity393 had normal caloric responses and an isolated posterior SCC deficit on impulsive testing. The authors propose that these two @entity1 had a selective loss of @entity4237 . CONCLUSION: @entity388 can affect the superior and @entity4237 together or can selectively affect the superior vestibular nerve.

title: Individual semicircular canal function in superior and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vestibular nerve function', 'involvement of the superior and inferior vestibular nerves', 'inferior vestibular nerve', 'inferior vestibular nerves']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity388 :: ('MESH:D020338', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular neuritis', 'Vestibular neuritis', 'classic vestibular neuritis']

answer: @entity388 :: (MESH:D020338,Disease) :: ['inferior vestibular neuritis']


abstract: @entity385 trials have traditionally sought to limit the range of disease studied according to several dimensions based on clinical examination and CT scan results. It has been proposed that the optimal sample for @entity64 trials would include a positive imaging diagnosis of a pathology rationally linked to the drug's mechanisms of action and that this would improve the likelihood of positive results. This principle has been supported by the results of the Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromoembolism II (PROACT II) study. Whereas trials of iv thrombolysis between 3 and 6 hours after symptom onset in a general sample of @entity1 were not positive, selection of a subgroup by angiography was an effective strategy in this time period for PROACT II. This study contradicted the hypothesis that treatment of @entity64 beyond 3 hours would not be successful. MRI with diffusion and perfusion has been an appealing imaging modality because it provides pretreatment angiography, perfusion, and lesion volume information during a brief, non-invasive assessment. Current literature supports the validity of MRI as a marker for clinical severity and clinical improvement. The diffusion-perfusion mismatch, the MRI marker for the @entity63 penumbra, is a very strong predictor of lesion volume growth. Several acute trials in progress use a positive imaging diagnosis for the basis of selection. As the field of @entity64 clinical trials examines opportunities for improving trial design, positive imaging diagnoses in @entity1 selection are likely to assume an increasingly useful role.

title: New imaging strategies for XXXX selection for thrombolytic and neuroprotective therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apoptosis may operate the 'selection' between follicles destined for @entity1146 and follicles that will remain available for ovulation. The aim of this study is to assess the expression of apoptosis in quiescent follicles. METHODS: Ovarian cortex samples from @entity1 of reproductive age, fixed in @entity406 , were used for immunohistochemical and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) methods. In histological sections the follicles were classified as primordial, primary, secondary and antral. Follicle density was defined as the total number of follicles/0.5 cm(2) of ovarian cortical tissue. Mab DO-7 (anti- @entity876 ) and Mab 124 (anti- @entity588 ) were used in the immunohistochemical study. RESULTS: TUNEL was positive in 23.4% of the primordial follicles, and in 23.2% of the primary follicles, both in oocytes and granulosa cells, whereas all secondary follicles were negative. @entity588 activity was expressed in 75% of secondary follicles. @entity876 was negative in all samples. CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis could be the process responsible for @entity1146 of quiescent follicles and hence depletion of the ovarian germ stockpile. Follicular cells expressing @entity588 may therefore be the viable cells that escape the apoptotic process. Negative @entity876 patterns may be a favourable prognostic finding showing genome integrity in the replicating follicular cells of @entity1 of reproductive age.

title: Evidence of apoptosis in XXXX primordial and primary follicles.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Two- and three-dimensional radiographic techniques are available to determine @entity737 -related @entity604 around dental implants. PURPOSE: To compare the performance of detecting different peri-implant bone defects in intraoral radiography (IR), panoramic radiography (PR), Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) and Computer Tomography (CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six implants were inserted under ideal conditions into the lower jaw of an edentulous @entity1 cadaver. IR, PR, CBCT and CT were performed. Two-wall, three-wall and four-wall defects with 1  mm depth were artificially created around two of the implants (one anterior and one posterior), and radiographies were repeated. The identical set-up was used for 3-mm-deep bone defects. All images were presented to seven observers. Sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) were determined for each modality, @entity92 , and likelihood ratios were calculated. RESULTS: The highest sensitivity was found with IR and CBCT for 1  mm (0.67; 0.68) and 3-mm defects (0.81; 0.79). The highest specificity was found with IR for both defect depths (0.51). The best classification of defect type revealed PR for both 1-mm and 3-mm-deep defects. Both likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-) were best for IR with 1-mm (1.37 and 0.65) and with 3-mm defects (1.65 and 0.37). CONCLUSIONS: IR should still be recommended as favourable method evaluating @entity604 around dental implants, while CT demonstrated the lowest performance in detecting peri-implant bone defects.

title: Detection of peri-implant bone defects with different radiographic techniques - a XXXX cadaver study.

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implantitis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['defect type and depths']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1229 has been shown to be highly efficacious for preventing @entity1031 in @entity955 in randomized trials, but its effectiveness and safety in clinical practice is less clear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity1229 on risk of @entity1031 , @entity548 , and @entity204 in @entity955 within a usual care setting. DESIGN: Cohort study assembled between July 1, 1996, and December 31, 1997, and followed up through August 31, 1999. SETTING: Large integrated health care system in Northern California. @entity1 : Of 13,559 adults with nonvalvular @entity955 , 11,526 were studied, 43% of whom were @entity1 , mean age 71 years, with no known contraindications to anticoagulation at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES: @entity385 , @entity1897 , @entity548 , and @entity204 according to @entity1229 use and comorbidity status, as determined by automated databases, review of medical records, and state mortality files. RESULTS: Among 11,526 @entity1 , 397 incident @entity1031 events (372 @entity385 , 25 @entity1897 ) occurred during 25,341 @entity1 -years of follow-up, and @entity1229 therapy was associated with a 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%-60%) lower risk of @entity1031 compared with no @entity1229 therapy (either no antithrombotic therapy or @entity117 ) after adjusting for potential confounders and likelihood of receiving @entity1229 . @entity1229 was effective in reducing @entity1031 risk in the presence or absence of risk factors for @entity64 . A nested case-control analysis estimated a 64% reduction in odds of @entity1031 with @entity1229 compared with no antithrombotic therapy. @entity1229 was also associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.61-0.77). @entity932 was uncommon, but the rate was moderately higher among those taking vs those not taking @entity1229 (0.46 vs 0.23 per 100 @entity1 -years, respectively; P =.003, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.24-3.13). However, @entity1229 therapy was not associated with an increased adjusted risk of nonintracranial major @entity548 . The effects of @entity1229 were similar when @entity1 with contraindications at baseline were analyzed separately or combined with those without contraindications (total cohort of 13,559). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1229 is very effective for preventing @entity385 in @entity1 with @entity955 in clinical practice while the absolute increase in the risk of @entity932 is small. Results of randomized trials of anticoagulation translate well into clinical care for @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: Anticoagulation therapy for XXXX prevention in @entity955 : how well do randomized trials translate into clinical practice?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'person']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'Intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1229 has been shown to be highly efficacious for preventing @entity1031 in @entity955 in randomized trials, but its effectiveness and safety in clinical practice is less clear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity1229 on risk of @entity1031 , @entity548 , and @entity204 in @entity955 within a usual care setting. DESIGN: Cohort study assembled between July 1, 1996, and December 31, 1997, and followed up through August 31, 1999. SETTING: Large integrated health care system in Northern California. @entity1 : Of 13,559 adults with nonvalvular @entity955 , 11,526 were studied, 43% of whom were @entity1 , mean age 71 years, with no known contraindications to anticoagulation at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES: @entity385 , @entity1897 , @entity548 , and @entity204 according to @entity1229 use and comorbidity status, as determined by automated databases, review of medical records, and state mortality files. RESULTS: Among 11,526 @entity1 , 397 incident @entity1031 events (372 @entity385 , 25 @entity1897 ) occurred during 25,341 @entity1 -years of follow-up, and @entity1229 therapy was associated with a 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%-60%) lower risk of @entity1031 compared with no @entity1229 therapy (either no antithrombotic therapy or @entity117 ) after adjusting for potential confounders and likelihood of receiving @entity1229 . @entity1229 was effective in reducing @entity1031 risk in the presence or absence of risk factors for @entity64 . A nested case-control analysis estimated a 64% reduction in odds of @entity1031 with @entity1229 compared with no antithrombotic therapy. @entity1229 was also associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.61-0.77). @entity932 was uncommon, but the rate was moderately higher among those taking vs those not taking @entity1229 (0.46 vs 0.23 per 100 @entity1 -years, respectively; P =.003, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.24-3.13). However, @entity1229 therapy was not associated with an increased adjusted risk of nonintracranial major @entity548 . The effects of @entity1229 were similar when @entity1 with contraindications at baseline were analyzed separately or combined with those without contraindications (total cohort of 13,559). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1229 is very effective for preventing @entity385 in @entity1 with @entity955 in clinical practice while the absolute increase in the risk of @entity932 is small. Results of randomized trials of anticoagulation translate well into clinical care for @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: Anticoagulation therapy for @entity64 prevention in XXXX : how well do randomized trials translate into clinical practice?

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define relationships among various clinical characteristics of @entity158 occurring after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Postal survey. SETTING: General community. @entity1 : Of 330 subjects with @entity1566 reporting @entity1118 in a previous survey, 217 volunteered. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detailed @entity158 history. RESULTS: @entity1 had been injured for an average of 8.2 +/- 5.1 years and 55.4% were tetraplegic. Most subjects marked multiple areas on a @entity158 drawing with the back area most frequently (61.8%) indicated. The most common qualities reported were @entity158 (59.9%) and @entity158 (54.4%). Burning was significantly associated with @entity158 in frontal parts of torso and genitals, buttocks, and lower extremities, whereas aching was significantly associated with neck and shoulders and back. The factor analysis of the relationships between level of injury, location of @entity158 , quality of @entity158 , @entity158 intensity rating, duration of @entity158 breaks, and time for @entity158 onset resulted in 3 groupings: (1) @entity158 locations, @entity158 , lower extremity; (2) @entity158 , shoulder and neck, cervical injury; and (3) early onset of @entity158 , no breaks to short breaks of @entity158 , and high average @entity158 intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Relationships among various clinical features of @entity158 after @entity1566 reveal common clinical patterns important for increased understanding of @entity158 mechanisms and for the design of therapeutic interventions for @entity158 management.

title: Relationships among clinical characteristics of XXXX after @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['burning pain', 'aching pain', 'pain', 'multiple pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define relationships among various clinical characteristics of @entity158 occurring after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Postal survey. SETTING: General community. @entity1 : Of 330 subjects with @entity1566 reporting @entity1118 in a previous survey, 217 volunteered. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detailed @entity158 history. RESULTS: @entity1 had been injured for an average of 8.2 +/- 5.1 years and 55.4% were tetraplegic. Most subjects marked multiple areas on a @entity158 drawing with the back area most frequently (61.8%) indicated. The most common qualities reported were @entity158 (59.9%) and @entity158 (54.4%). Burning was significantly associated with @entity158 in frontal parts of torso and genitals, buttocks, and lower extremities, whereas aching was significantly associated with neck and shoulders and back. The factor analysis of the relationships between level of injury, location of @entity158 , quality of @entity158 , @entity158 intensity rating, duration of @entity158 breaks, and time for @entity158 onset resulted in 3 groupings: (1) @entity158 locations, @entity158 , lower extremity; (2) @entity158 , shoulder and neck, cervical injury; and (3) early onset of @entity158 , no breaks to short breaks of @entity158 , and high average @entity158 intensity. CONCLUSIONS: Relationships among various clinical features of @entity158 after @entity1566 reveal common clinical patterns important for increased understanding of @entity158 mechanisms and for the design of therapeutic interventions for @entity158 management.

title: Relationships among clinical characteristics of @entity1118 after XXXX .

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The non-invasive imaging modalities, color coded duplex sonography (CCDS), magnetic resonance tomography (MRT), and computed tomography (CT), have pushed conventional angiography out of most diagnostic fields. The experienced user will achieve fast, reliable answers with CCDS in dedicated clinical settings. MRT as well as CT are concurring imaging modalities for the most appropriate diagnostic answer. Not only pure image quality, but also @entity1 management, and availability play a major role. Catheter based angiography will in the future still play a role in @entity5327 ( @entity432 ) and for imaging of very small vessel pathology, e.g. on @entity11657 . At the moment, peripheral leg run-offs are still best performed with conventional angiography, nevertheless, MR as well as CT seem to have the ability to perform diagnostic procedures. Ongoing studies will allow a solid judgement in the near future. The true value of catheter angiography is in the direct assessment, planning, and performance of interventional procedures, e.g. catheter based obliteration or revascularization. Implantation of stent devices and a whole range of different mechanical and pharmacological revascularization procedures have improved the interventional management of vascular stenoses and occlusions. The interventional radiologist is treating physician in the classical sense in this setting. Acute @entity548 episodes, e.g. in the brain, thorax, abdomen, or pelvis, are best imaged with computed tomography. Conventional angiography still plays a major diagnostic and therapeutic role in @entity548 into preformed cavities, such as the bile ducts or the intestine. In this setting, all available information including CT scans should be valued. For complex therapeutic regimens in oncology or in pure palliative situations, angiographic diagnosis followed by embolization and/or ablation therapy is established.

title: [The vascular XXXX --diagnosis and minimally invasive therapy. Which technique for what illness?].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['panarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['non occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: A 17-year-old @entity1 presented with a rare case of intracranial seeding of @entity976 after repeated surgery. She initially presented with secondary @entity2588 and @entity227 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a suprasellar mass. @entity5 was performed. The diagnosis was @entity976 . Seven months later, the @entity1 underwent a second operation for recurrence of the @entity976 . Subsequently, ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting and gamma knife surgery were performed. Twenty-seven months after the first operation, @entity5409 were found in the right frontal and temporal lobes. Positive @entity5 cytology was observed in the cerebrospinal fluid obtained from the VP shunt chamber. These @entity5 were subtotally resected. However, the @entity1 died from consecutive @entity5 recurrence 4 years after the initial diagnosis.

title: Multiple intracranial seeding of XXXX after repeated surgery--case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Subtotal removal of the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma', 'craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngioma']


abstract: The extent of surgical treatment of well differentiated @entity259 has been controversial and widely discussed for years. Although the recommendations defining the strategy of thyroid surgery were approved in 1995, a lot of questions remained. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse long-term results of surgical treatment of @entity259 according to the type of applied surgical procedure. The study group consisted of 206 @entity1 surgically treated for well differentiated @entity259 with the minimal follow-up period of 5 years. The median age @entity1 was 49.1 years. 159 @entity1 (77.2%) have still remained in the follow-up programme, 23 died because of @entity259 (11.1%) and the remaining 24 have either refused to participate in the programme or died of other causes. Median follow-up period was 10.7 years. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 90 @entity1 (43.7%) and less extensive procedures in 106 (51.4%). The remaining @entity1 were qualified for @entity5 mass and they were not included in this study. The comparison of the @entity1 with I and II stage of the disease according to the type of surgical procedure did not show differences in 10-year survival. In stage III the difference was very close to statistical significance. The same results were observed with regard to disease recurrence. Long-time survival in low risk @entity1 was not related to the extent of surgical procedure. The risk of recurrence and @entity204 was higher in the @entity1 with @entity1442 in stage III who underwent less radical procedures like total resection of involved lobe with isthmus and subtotal resection of contralateral lobe.

title: [Radical surgical treatment of differentiated XXXX --necessity or over-enthusiasm?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['palliative reduction of the tumour']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: Permanent @entity299 is a method of choice in the treatment of specific @entity943 and conduction disturbances. Clinical studies show that cardiac performance diminished at the site of impulse spreading. It determines local hypotrophy below the position of the pacing lead (early electric activation) with @entity1184 changes in the opposite lying myocardium (late electric activation). It seems that morphological changes, especially research by intravital methods, so relevant in permanent pacing to today's invasive cardiologist, are not understood in full. In connection with this we decided, on the basis on the echocardiographic examination, to evaluate in detail the morphology of the right ventricle and atrium in @entity1 with permanent pacing. Research was carried out on a group of 124 @entity1 (68 males, 56 females) from 40-93 years of age (avg. 68 +/- 14 yrs): 86 @entity1 had implanted pacemakers or AICD (group I), the control group consisted of 38 @entity1 with other @entity299 without any pacemaker devices (group II). We measured echocardiographically the following diameters: end-diastolic and systolic diameters of the right ventricle/atrium in short and long axis, diameter of the tricuspid orifice valve and calculated area of the tricuspid orifice based on a special formula. Regarding the morphometric parameters of the right ventricle and right atrium, we confirmed that all diameters of group I were overshooting in correlation to group II. Those differences, such as RVd-short and -long, RVs-long, RVinflow, RA-long and -short, TRId, were statistically significant. Regarding the area of the tricuspid orifice (TRIa), we did not observe any changes in the two examined groups. We concluded that @entity1 with implanted devices have changes in the morphometric parameters of the right ventricle, atrium and orifice, but they do not depend on the duration of pacemaker implantation.

title: Echocardiographic morphometry of the right chambers of the heart in permanent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases', 'cardiac pacing']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac pacing']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) are rare. Most publications regarding these @entity5 are reports of isolated cases; therefore they don't allow an evaluation of diagnostic and treatment procedures. MATERIAL _ METHODS: We preformed a pooled analysis of 90 cases of @entity1494 reported in the literature. RESULTS: Mean age was 45.3 (19 to 85 years), 68 (75.6%) were @entity1 . Filling symptoms were the most frequently reported (50%), followed by voiding symptoms (24.4%). Twenty four @entity1 (26.7%) were asymptomatic. @entity5 were endoluminal in 46 @entity1 (51.1%), intramural in 27 (30%) and extravesical in 15 (16.7%). A laparotomy was performed in 56 @entity1 (62.2%), with enucleation in 29 (32.2%), partial cystectomy in 25 (27.8%) and total cystectomy in 2 (2.2%). A transurethral resection was preformed in 27 (30%) and a transvaginal resection in 5 (5.6%). Two @entity1 underwent conservative treatment. In 3 cases there were reports of recurrence and one @entity1 got a @entity789 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1494 are rare, when evaluating @entity150 , imaging techniques can make suspect of this @entity5 . Surgical treatment of these @entity5 has a very high success rate. Usually an enucleation or a transurethral resection is sufficient to render the @entity1 @entity5 free, avoiding a more iatrogenic surgery.

title: [ XXXX . Analysis of a collection of 90 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['BL', 'Bladder leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'tumours', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesicovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumours']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['Leiomyoma of the bladder']


abstract: 1. The present study attempted to pharmacologically characterize the alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in @entity235 isolated and perfused mandibular alveolar artery (MAA). 2. @entity1063 (NA) and @entity2647 (PE) induced a strong vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. The PE-induced vascular constriction was significantly inhibited by treatment with @entity3159 . @entity4763 evoked a moderate vascular constriction and the @entity4763 -induced response was suppressed by @entity3160 . The NA-induced response was partially inhibited by @entity3160 and the remaining response to NA was abolished by subsequent administration of @entity3159 . 3. Treatment of MAA with @entity13397 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of NA-induced vasoconstriction. Pretreatment of tissues with 10 micromol/L @entity19170 produced a slight and statistically significant inhibition of NA-induced responses. @entity20399 , a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist, failed to significantly affect vasoconstrictor responses to NA. 4. The present results suggests that: (i) both alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors are involved in vasoconstrictor responses in the @entity235 MAA; and (ii) the alpha(1)-adrenoceptors involved in the vasoconstrictor responses in the MAA are characterized as mainly of the @entity43883 )- and partially of the @entity70673 subtype.

title: Existence of XXXX )- and @entity70673 subtypes in @entity235 mandibular alveolar arteries.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine']

entities_list: @entity19170 :: ('MESH:C051731', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroethylclonidine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine', 'Xylazine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline']

answer: @entity43883 :: (403866(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['alpha(1A']


abstract: 1. The present study attempted to pharmacologically characterize the alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in @entity235 isolated and perfused mandibular alveolar artery (MAA). 2. @entity1063 (NA) and @entity2647 (PE) induced a strong vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. The PE-induced vascular constriction was significantly inhibited by treatment with @entity3159 . @entity4763 evoked a moderate vascular constriction and the @entity4763 -induced response was suppressed by @entity3160 . The NA-induced response was partially inhibited by @entity3160 and the remaining response to NA was abolished by subsequent administration of @entity3159 . 3. Treatment of MAA with @entity13397 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of NA-induced vasoconstriction. Pretreatment of tissues with 10 micromol/L @entity19170 produced a slight and statistically significant inhibition of NA-induced responses. @entity20399 , a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist, failed to significantly affect vasoconstrictor responses to NA. 4. The present results suggests that: (i) both alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors are involved in vasoconstrictor responses in the @entity235 MAA; and (ii) the alpha(1)-adrenoceptors involved in the vasoconstrictor responses in the MAA are characterized as mainly of the @entity43883 )- and partially of the @entity70673 subtype.

title: Existence of @entity43883 )- and XXXX subtypes in @entity235 mandibular alveolar arteries.

answer: @entity70673 :: (403962(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['alpha(1B)-adrenoceptor']


abstract: 1. The present study attempted to pharmacologically characterize the alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in @entity235 isolated and perfused mandibular alveolar artery (MAA). 2. @entity1063 (NA) and @entity2647 (PE) induced a strong vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. The PE-induced vascular constriction was significantly inhibited by treatment with @entity3159 . @entity4763 evoked a moderate vascular constriction and the @entity4763 -induced response was suppressed by @entity3160 . The NA-induced response was partially inhibited by @entity3160 and the remaining response to NA was abolished by subsequent administration of @entity3159 . 3. Treatment of MAA with @entity13397 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of NA-induced vasoconstriction. Pretreatment of tissues with 10 micromol/L @entity19170 produced a slight and statistically significant inhibition of NA-induced responses. @entity20399 , a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist, failed to significantly affect vasoconstrictor responses to NA. 4. The present results suggests that: (i) both alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors are involved in vasoconstrictor responses in the @entity235 MAA; and (ii) the alpha(1)-adrenoceptors involved in the vasoconstrictor responses in the MAA are characterized as mainly of the @entity43883 )- and partially of the @entity70673 subtype.

title: Existence of @entity43883 )- and @entity70673 subtypes in XXXX mandibular alveolar arteries.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Elevated plasma @entity4090 and mild hypocortisolemia have been observed in @entity1 with @entity627 . This study was designed to assess the potential inhibitory effect of @entity4089 on @entity1636 . @entity4053 was induced by intravenous insulin injection (0.1 IU/kg) in 10 female volunteers of fertile age during their follicular phase twice: 60 min after either @entity2211 (10 mg orally) or placebo administration. Blood samples were collected from an indwelling catheter inserted into the cubital vein at -60, 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 min. The concentrations of @entity4090 , @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ), @entity701 , @entity1425 , @entity1063 and @entity413 were measured in plasma. @entity2211 administration significantly increased plasma @entity4090 concentrations (71 +/- 11 ng/ml vs. 14 +/- 6 ng/ml; p <0.001), while basal plasma concentrations of @entity4545 , @entity701 , @entity1063 and @entity1425 were unaffected. Insulin-induced @entity4053 resulted in a significant rise in the mean plasma @entity4545 levels from 10 +/- 1 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 11 +/- 1 pg/ml (controls) to 148 +/- 19 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 139 +/- 12 pg/ml (controls) at 45 min (p < 0.001), in plasma @entity701 from 407 +/- 62 nmol/l ( @entity2211 ) and 391 +/- 42 nmol/l (controls) to 925 +/- 60 nmol/l ( @entity2211 ) and 810 +/- 52 nmol/l (controls) at 60 min (p < 0.001), and in plasma @entity1425 from 40 +/- 26 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 16 +/- 3 pg/ml (controls) to 274 +/- 55 pg/ml ( @entity2211 ) and 352 +/- 61 pg/ml (controls) at 30 min; (p < 0.001). The significant increase in @entity4545 , @entity701 and @entity1425 responses to @entity4053 was similar in both groups. We observed mild @entity1063 response to @entity4053 but this was irrespective of the medication. In conclusion, pharmacologically-induced @entity4089 did not induce significant changes of @entity1636 and did not influence sympathoadrenal activity in healthy young @entity1 .

title: @entity4089 does not influence XXXX during @entity4053 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['ACTH', 'adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone', 'Domperidone']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function']