abstract: @entity2753 can be a marker of an underlying disease. We report a 52 years-old male with @entity6 who consulted for an episode of @entity390 and @entity391 lasting four days. His baseline serum @entity1372 was 118 mEq/L. He had no @entity51 . @entity2753 was initially interpreted in context of gastrointestinal fluid loss but correction with saline solution was poor. His urine @entity1372 was 105 mEq/L and his urine osmolality was 281 mOsm/L, so an Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone Syndrome was suspected. Later, we found that the @entity1 had a two year history of @entity1295 , @entity425 , @entity448 , frequent @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity294 , loss of libido and decreased axillary and pubic hair. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was normal and serum @entity701 < 1   g/dL. A CT scan showed a sellar mass compatible with a macroadenoma. There was also a moderately high serum prolactin and low @entity251 , thyroxin and growth hormone levels. The visual fi eld exami-nation showed right temporal @entity1805 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity230 with a very good clinical response and serum @entity1372 normalization. Subsequently a transsphenoidal excision of the @entity5 was performed and replacement of the other hormones was started. Now the @entity1 remains asymptomatic.

title: [Secondary adrenal insufficiency presenting as XXXX : report of one case].

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['Hyponatremia']

answer: @entity2753 :: (MESH:D007010,Disease) :: ['hyponatremia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Activation of the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( @entity3229 )-   has been shown to improve insulin resistance, adiposity, and plasma HDL levels. Several studies have reported that activation of @entity3229   is atheroprotective; however, the role of @entity3229   in renal function remains unclear. Here, we report the renoprotective effects of @entity3229   activation in a model of @entity3839 -induced @entity2316 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 @entity19 were divided into three groups: 1) nondiabetic control @entity19 , 2) @entity6 @entity19 , and 3) @entity6 @entity19 treated with the @entity3229   agonist @entity26221 (1 mg/kg/day). @entity26221 was administered by gavage for 8 weeks after inducing @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity26221 decreased urinary albumin excretion without altering blood @entity413 levels. Macrophage infiltration, mesangial matrix accumulation, and type IV collagen deposition were substantially attenuated by @entity26221 . The gene expression of inflammatory mediators in the kidney cortex, such as @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ) and @entity1189 ( @entity1189 ), was also suppressed. In vitro studies demonstrated that @entity3229   activation increased the expression of anti-inflammatory corepressor B-cell lymphoma-6, which subsequently suppressed @entity1750 and @entity1189 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These findings uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism for the renoprotective effects of @entity3229   agonists and support the concept that @entity3229   agonists may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity2316 .

title: Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta inhibits XXXX -induced @entity2316 through anti-inflammatory mechanisms in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Activation of the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( @entity3229 )-   has been shown to improve insulin resistance, adiposity, and plasma HDL levels. Several studies have reported that activation of @entity3229   is atheroprotective; however, the role of @entity3229   in renal function remains unclear. Here, we report the renoprotective effects of @entity3229   activation in a model of @entity3839 -induced @entity2316 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 @entity19 were divided into three groups: 1) nondiabetic control @entity19 , 2) @entity6 @entity19 , and 3) @entity6 @entity19 treated with the @entity3229   agonist @entity26221 (1 mg/kg/day). @entity26221 was administered by gavage for 8 weeks after inducing @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity26221 decreased urinary albumin excretion without altering blood @entity413 levels. Macrophage infiltration, mesangial matrix accumulation, and type IV collagen deposition were substantially attenuated by @entity26221 . The gene expression of inflammatory mediators in the kidney cortex, such as @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ) and @entity1189 ( @entity1189 ), was also suppressed. In vitro studies demonstrated that @entity3229   activation increased the expression of anti-inflammatory corepressor B-cell lymphoma-6, which subsequently suppressed @entity1750 and @entity1189 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These findings uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism for the renoprotective effects of @entity3229   agonists and support the concept that @entity3229   agonists may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity2316 .

title: Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta inhibits @entity3839 -induced XXXX through anti-inflammatory mechanisms in @entity19 .

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Activation of the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( @entity3229 )-   has been shown to improve insulin resistance, adiposity, and plasma HDL levels. Several studies have reported that activation of @entity3229   is atheroprotective; however, the role of @entity3229   in renal function remains unclear. Here, we report the renoprotective effects of @entity3229   activation in a model of @entity3839 -induced @entity2316 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 @entity19 were divided into three groups: 1) nondiabetic control @entity19 , 2) @entity6 @entity19 , and 3) @entity6 @entity19 treated with the @entity3229   agonist @entity26221 (1 mg/kg/day). @entity26221 was administered by gavage for 8 weeks after inducing @entity6 . RESULTS: @entity26221 decreased urinary albumin excretion without altering blood @entity413 levels. Macrophage infiltration, mesangial matrix accumulation, and type IV collagen deposition were substantially attenuated by @entity26221 . The gene expression of inflammatory mediators in the kidney cortex, such as @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ) and @entity1189 ( @entity1189 ), was also suppressed. In vitro studies demonstrated that @entity3229   activation increased the expression of anti-inflammatory corepressor B-cell lymphoma-6, which subsequently suppressed @entity1750 and @entity1189 expression. CONCLUSIONS: These findings uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism for the renoprotective effects of @entity3229   agonists and support the concept that @entity3229   agonists may offer a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity2316 .

title: Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta inhibits @entity3839 -induced @entity2316 through anti-inflammatory mechanisms in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: The WHO guidelines on @entity5 management recommend a sequential three-step analgesic ladder. However, conclusive data are lacking as to whether moderate @entity158 should be treated with either step II weak opioids or low-dose step III strong opioids. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a multicenter, 28-day, open-label randomized controlled study, adults with moderate @entity5 were assigned to receive either a weak opioid or low-dose @entity1286 . The primary outcome was the number of responder @entity1 , defined as @entity1 with a 20% reduction in @entity158 intensity on the numerical rating scale. RESULTS: A total of 240 @entity1 with @entity5 (118 in the low-dose @entity1286 and 122 in the weak-opioid group) were included in the study. The primary outcome occurred in 88.2% of the low-dose @entity1286 and in 57.7% of the weak-opioid group (odds risk, 6.18; 95% CI, 3.12 to 12.24; P < .001). The percentage of responder @entity1 was higher in the low-dose @entity1286 group, as early as at 1 week. Clinically meaningful (>=  30%) and highly meaningful (>=  50%) @entity158 reduction from baseline was significantly higher in the low-dose @entity1286 group (P < .001). A change in the assigned treatment occurred more frequently in the weak-opioid group, because of inadequate @entity1337 . The general condition of @entity1 , which was based on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System overall symptom score, was better in the @entity1286 group. Adverse effects were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity5 and moderate @entity158 , low-dose @entity1286 reduced @entity158 intensity significantly compared with weak opioids, with a similarly good tolerability and an earlier effect.

title: Randomized Trial of Low-Dose XXXX Versus Weak Opioids in Moderate @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The WHO guidelines on @entity5 management recommend a sequential three-step analgesic ladder. However, conclusive data are lacking as to whether moderate @entity158 should be treated with either step II weak opioids or low-dose step III strong opioids. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a multicenter, 28-day, open-label randomized controlled study, adults with moderate @entity5 were assigned to receive either a weak opioid or low-dose @entity1286 . The primary outcome was the number of responder @entity1 , defined as @entity1 with a 20% reduction in @entity158 intensity on the numerical rating scale. RESULTS: A total of 240 @entity1 with @entity5 (118 in the low-dose @entity1286 and 122 in the weak-opioid group) were included in the study. The primary outcome occurred in 88.2% of the low-dose @entity1286 and in 57.7% of the weak-opioid group (odds risk, 6.18; 95% CI, 3.12 to 12.24; P < .001). The percentage of responder @entity1 was higher in the low-dose @entity1286 group, as early as at 1 week. Clinically meaningful (>=  30%) and highly meaningful (>=  50%) @entity158 reduction from baseline was significantly higher in the low-dose @entity1286 group (P < .001). A change in the assigned treatment occurred more frequently in the weak-opioid group, because of inadequate @entity1337 . The general condition of @entity1 , which was based on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System overall symptom score, was better in the @entity1286 group. Adverse effects were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity5 and moderate @entity158 , low-dose @entity1286 reduced @entity158 intensity significantly compared with weak opioids, with a similarly good tolerability and an earlier effect.

title: Randomized Trial of Low-Dose @entity1286 Versus Weak Opioids in Moderate XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer Pain']


abstract: Exercise training is a common therapeutic approach known to antagonize the metabolic consequences of @entity28 . The aims of the present study were to examine 1) whether short-term, moderate-intensity exercise training alters the basal metabolite profile and 2) if 10 days of mild exercise training can correct @entity28 -induced shifts in metabolic spectra. After being weaned, male C57BL/6J littermates were randomly divided into two diet groups: low fat (LF) or @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). After 12 wk of dietary manipulation, @entity1386 animals were @entity28 and @entity1602 compared with LF animals. @entity19 from each group were further divided into sedentary or exercise treatments. Exercise training consisted of wheel running exercise (2 h/day, 10 days, 5.64 m/min). After exercise training, animals were rested (36 h) and fasted (6 h) before serum collection. Samples were analyzed by high-resolution one-dimensional proton NMR. Fifty high- and medium-concentration metabolites were identified. Pattern recognition algorithms and multivariate modeling were used to identify and isolate significant metabolites changing in response to @entity1386 and exercise training. The results showed that while exercise can mitigate some of the abnormal patterns in metabolic spectra induced by @entity1386 diet feeding, they cannot negate it. In fact, when the effects of diet and exercise were compared, diet was a stronger predictor and had the larger influence on the metabolic profile. External validation of models showed that diet could be correctly classified with an accuracy of 89%, whereas exercise training could be classified 73% of the time. The results demonstrate metabolomics to effectively characterize @entity28 -induced perturbations in metabolism and support the concept that exercise is beneficial for this condition.

title: Metabolomic response to exercise training in lean and diet-induced XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: Exercise training is a common therapeutic approach known to antagonize the metabolic consequences of @entity28 . The aims of the present study were to examine 1) whether short-term, moderate-intensity exercise training alters the basal metabolite profile and 2) if 10 days of mild exercise training can correct @entity28 -induced shifts in metabolic spectra. After being weaned, male C57BL/6J littermates were randomly divided into two diet groups: low fat (LF) or @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). After 12 wk of dietary manipulation, @entity1386 animals were @entity28 and @entity1602 compared with LF animals. @entity19 from each group were further divided into sedentary or exercise treatments. Exercise training consisted of wheel running exercise (2 h/day, 10 days, 5.64 m/min). After exercise training, animals were rested (36 h) and fasted (6 h) before serum collection. Samples were analyzed by high-resolution one-dimensional proton NMR. Fifty high- and medium-concentration metabolites were identified. Pattern recognition algorithms and multivariate modeling were used to identify and isolate significant metabolites changing in response to @entity1386 and exercise training. The results showed that while exercise can mitigate some of the abnormal patterns in metabolic spectra induced by @entity1386 diet feeding, they cannot negate it. In fact, when the effects of diet and exercise were compared, diet was a stronger predictor and had the larger influence on the metabolic profile. External validation of models showed that diet could be correctly classified with an accuracy of 89%, whereas exercise training could be classified 73% of the time. The results demonstrate metabolomics to effectively characterize @entity28 -induced perturbations in metabolism and support the concept that exercise is beneficial for this condition.

title: Metabolomic response to exercise training in lean and diet-induced @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of different adherence levels to the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol and the effect of various ERAS elements on outcomes following major surgery. DESIGN: Single-center prospective cohort study before and after reinforcement of an ERAS protocol. Comparisons were made both between and across periods using multivariate logistic regression. All clinical data (114 variables) were prospectively recorded. SETTING: Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. @entity1 : Nine hundred fifty-three consecutive @entity1 with @entity14 : 464 @entity1 treated in 2002 to 2004 and 489 in 2005 to 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The association between improved adherence to the ERAS protocol and the incidence of postoperative symptoms, complications, and length of stay following major @entity14 surgery was analyzed. RESULTS: Following an overall increase in preoperative and perioperative adherence to the ERAS protocol from 43.3% in 2002 to 2004 to 70.6% in 2005 to 2007, both @entity260 (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.98) and symptoms (odds ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.70) declined significantly. Restriction of intravenous fluid and use of a preoperative @entity1735 drink were major independent predictors. Across periods, the proportion of adverse postoperative outcomes (30-day morbidity, symptoms, and readmissions) was significantly reduced with increasing adherence to the ERAS protocol (>70%, >80%, and >90%) compared with low ERAS adherence (<50%). CONCLUSION: Improved adherence to the standardized multimodal ERAS protocol is significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes following major @entity14 surgery, indicating a dose-response relationship.

title: Adherence to the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and outcomes after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the association between @entity17884 ( @entity6514 ) exposure and haematological effects, as well as the recovery from these haematological effects with continuous reduction in exposure to 2-ME. METHODS: Twenty nine exposed and 90 non-exposed workers were recruited. Haematological parameters, eight hour full shift personal exposure to 2-ME, and urinary @entity25786 ( @entity11596 ) were repeatedly measured in three consecutive surveys within six months. RESULTS: Results of haematological examination in the first exposure survey showed that haemoglobin, packed cell volume, and red blood cell count in the male exposed workers were significantly lower than those in the comparison workers. The frequency of @entity417 in the exposed group (42%) was significantly higher than that in the comparison group (3%). The haematological effects were significantly associated with the urinary @entity11596 of exposed workers. The haematological effects had returned to normal in the first follow up survey 2.5 months later, when a reduction in 2-ME exposure was noted. Haematological results of the second follow up examination six months later remained normal. The mean airborne exposure of 2-ME in the three surveys dropped from 35.7 to 2.65, then to 0.55 ppm. The mean urinary @entity11596 of exposed workers in the three surveys was reduced from 57.7 to 24.6, then to 13.5 mg/g @entity1011 (n = 29). The reduction in exposure through both inhalation and potential dermal contact with 2-ME might account for the haematological recovery. CONCLUSION: 2-ME is a haematological toxin which leads to @entity417 in exposed workers. However, the toxic haematological effects of 2-ME persist for only a short period of time after cessation or reduction of exposure.

title: Follow up study of haematological effects in workers exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25786 :: ('MESH:C013598', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methoxyacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity17884 :: ('MESH:C005219', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methoxyethanol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity17884 :: (MESH:C005219,Chemical) :: ['2-methoxyethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this preliminary study was to compare the application of the light emitting diode (LED) to sham LED in the treatment of @entity3444 . METHODS: Eighteen subjects met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned into 2 groups: light emitting diode or sham LED. The subjects received either the LED at 12 J/cm(2) or sham LED along 2 points of the @entity1411 . Subjects in both groups received a 10 minute transverse friction massage and participated in @entity1411 stretching exercises. All subjects received a total of 6 treatments over 3 weeks. Progress was assessed using the lower extremity functional and analog @entity158 scale. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between treatment groups (P = .845). There was a significant difference in @entity158 and outcome scores over time within both groups (P < .35). CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with @entity3444 , the use of LED did not result in greater improvement in function or @entity158 compared with sham treatment. The findings suggest that manual intervention and passive stretching activities may have provided significant @entity158 relief and improvement in functional outcome scores.

title: Light-Emitting Diode Versus Sham in the Treatment of XXXX : A Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fascia', '4 plantar fascia']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fasciitis']

answer: @entity3444 :: (MESH:D036981,Disease) :: ['Plantar Fasciitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity957 ( @entity6461 ) is rare in North America; however, the morbidity can be devastating. This analysis represents the first reported penile @entity5 experience at a tertiary care centre in Canada. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of all @entity1 who received care at our centre for penile @entity6461 from 2005 until the present time. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected for all @entity1 . Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier methods with log-rank test and Cox regression for univariate and multivariate analysis, respectively. RESULTS: We identified 42 @entity1 who were treated at our centre for penile @entity6461 . Of these, 29% underwent excisional biopsy, 38% had partial penectomy, and 33% had total penectomy. Five @entity1 with high-risk @entity5 underwent modified inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND), while 7 @entity1 had radical ILND for clinically palpable disease. Overall, the median @entity5 specific survival (CSS) was undefined, with a 60% survival at 102 months. However CSS was significantly correlated to pT stage, pN stage, and @entity5 grade. The median follow-up was 25 months (interquartile range: 11-48). CONCLUSION: These findings confirm the poor CSS of @entity1 with positive lymph nodes in penile @entity6461 . @entity1 with pN0 after ILND had a durable CSS. Risk factors for penile @entity6461 were confirmed as elevated body mass index, positive smoking history, and lack of circumcision. This first epidemiologic report on penile @entity6461 from a Canadian tertiary care centre should be expanded to other national centres.

title: XXXX : Perspective from a Canadian tertiary care centre.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Penile squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Penile cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Even with the current aerobic techniques in myocardial protection, perioperative @entity583 can still occur. In this study, we sought to find out whether there is a method-specific mechanism of @entity63 in coronary bypass surgery using an on-pump beating heart technique. For this reason, we investigated localization and the extent of @entity583 in correlation to the severity of @entity3979 . We discuss strategies for reduction of @entity1188 incidence. METHODS: 34 @entity1 , who after isolated coronary bypass procedure developed non-Q or Q wave @entity1188 were selected for the study. In 12 of 34 @entity1 (group A) beating heart technique and in 22 of 34 @entity1 (group B) @entity1167 was used for myocardial protection. The study was conducted retrospectively and included @entity1 with stable, unstable, and @entity951 without preoperative enzymatic evidence of @entity63 and with technically noncomplicated coronary bypass grafting. Excluded from the study were emergency and redo procedures. In group A, in all instances, the left anterior descending artery was grafted as the last vessel and while distal anastomoses were constructed, coronary perfusion was maintained by using a perfusion catheter. RESULTS: Most @entity1 in both groups had @entity66 (10 of 12 @entity1 group A; 17 of 22 @entity1 group B), all @entity1 received complete revascularization; 7 of 12 @entity1 in group A and 5 of 22 @entity1 in group B had significant or critical left main stem @entity850 . In group A, 11 @entity1188 occurred in @entity3980 -(12 stenotic), 1 in CX-(11 stenotic), and 1 in RCA-(11 stenotic) supply area, four were Q wave @entity1188 . In group B, eight @entity1188 occurred in @entity3980 (22 stenotic), four in CX (17 stenotic), and 14 in RCA (20 stenotic) supply area, eight were Q wave @entity1188 . In group A, the @entity1188 incidence in the @entity3980 area was 10-times higher than in CX and RCA areas. In group B, the @entity1188 incidence in the RCA area was 2- and 3-times higher than in the @entity3980 and CX areas, respectively. In both groups no correlation between @entity1188 incidence and severity of @entity850 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Using an on-pump beating heart technique, higher coronary perfusion pressures, avoidance of extreme upward retraction of the heart during revascularization of the CX-branch, as well as choosing the revascularization of the @entity3980 as the first vessel, could possibly contribute to better myocardial protection. In @entity1167 with cardioplegic solution, the right ventricle is probably more susceptible to @entity63 , especially when RCA is poorly collateralized. For adequate protection, choosing the revascularization of the RCA as the first vessel with immediate repeated cardioplegia via a RCA graft, higher perfusion pressures and antegrade with retrograde cardioplegia delivery, may be advantageous.

title: XXXX in coronary bypass surgery using on-pump, beating heart technique with pressure- and volume-controlled coronary perfusion.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['postinfarction angina']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest', 'hearts arrested']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Investigators have documented an increase in renal artery resistance in cirrhotic @entity1 . We studied the hepatic and renal hemodynamics by color Doppler in @entity1 with @entity1575 in relation to the presence and severity of @entity843 . METHODS: A prospective study was carried out in a large public hospital on 33 @entity1 with @entity1575 and 11 healthy control subjects. Eleven @entity1 had no @entity843 , 12 had @entity843 and 10 had refractory @entity843 . The resistance index (RI) of the hepatic artery was measured by color Doppler on its main branch and renal artery RI was measured on the main renal, interlobar and cortical arteries of the right kidney. RESULTS: Considering intraobserver variabilities, coefficient of variation for RI was 2.3%-7.8% (mean [SD] 4.2% [1.8%]). Hepatic artery RI were 0.68 (0.07), 0.68 (0.1), 0.81 (0.04), 1.0 (0.12) in control subjects and cirhotics with no @entity843 , responsive @entity843 and refractory @entity843 , respectively. Renal RI was significantly higher than in control subjects at all three levels in @entity1 with responsive and refractory @entity843 , being higher in those with @entity843 . Renal RI decreased from hilum towards the outer parenchyma, in cirrhotics with no @entity843 and responsive @entity843 but not in refractory @entity843 . CONCLUSION: Hepatic artery RI is higher in cirrhotics and is related to presence and severity of @entity843 . In control subjects and @entity1 with no @entity843 or responsive @entity843 the renal RI decreased from hilum to the outer parenchyma.

title: Assessment of renal and hepatic hemodynamics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['ascites', 'refractory than responsive ascites', 'diuretic-responsive ascites']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of liver', 'liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis of liver']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevention of adhesion formation and restoration of mucociliary mucosa are major determinants of the success of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). @entity904 (VA) can promote mucociliary differentiation of respiratory epithelium. However, whether topical VA can promote sinonasal wound healing or reduce adhesion formation after ESS in @entity1 remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of topical VA on sinonasal wound healing and adhesion formation after ESS. METHODS: This is a within-subject control study. @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis were included. Each @entity1 underwent ESS, and topical VA was applied over the sinonasal wound. Postoperative outcomes were assessed by using the Lund-Kennedy score, and the antrostomy size was measured. In vitro wound healing assay of fibroblasts with or without VA was evaluated. Restoration of ciliated epithelium was examined by using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were enrolled. The mean (standard deviation {SD}) scores for scarring/adhesion in the VA-treated side at 3 and 12 months after surgery (0.20    0.40 and 0.23    0.42, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the controls (0.47    0.50 and 0.53    0.62, respectively). The mean (SD) antrostomy size in the VA treated side at 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery (0.85    0.30 cm(2), 0.7    0.30 cm(2), and 0.70    0.27 cm(2), respectively) were significantly larger than those in the controls (0.79    0.26 cm(2), 0.60    0.25 cm(2), and 0.57    0.24 cm(2), respectively). Wound healing assay revealed that VA significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Scanning electron microscopy showed mature ciliated cells in the VA-treated side. CONCLUSION: Topical VA is a promising agent for sinonasal wound healing after ESS because it can promote mucociliary reepithelization, reduce adhesion, and prevent @entity850 .

title: Reduction of adhesions and XXXX with topical @entity904 after endoscopic sinus surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['antrostomy stenosis']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin A']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['antrostomy stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevention of adhesion formation and restoration of mucociliary mucosa are major determinants of the success of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). @entity904 (VA) can promote mucociliary differentiation of respiratory epithelium. However, whether topical VA can promote sinonasal wound healing or reduce adhesion formation after ESS in @entity1 remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of topical VA on sinonasal wound healing and adhesion formation after ESS. METHODS: This is a within-subject control study. @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis were included. Each @entity1 underwent ESS, and topical VA was applied over the sinonasal wound. Postoperative outcomes were assessed by using the Lund-Kennedy score, and the antrostomy size was measured. In vitro wound healing assay of fibroblasts with or without VA was evaluated. Restoration of ciliated epithelium was examined by using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were enrolled. The mean (standard deviation {SD}) scores for scarring/adhesion in the VA-treated side at 3 and 12 months after surgery (0.20    0.40 and 0.23    0.42, respectively) were significantly lower than those in the controls (0.47    0.50 and 0.53    0.62, respectively). The mean (SD) antrostomy size in the VA treated side at 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery (0.85    0.30 cm(2), 0.7    0.30 cm(2), and 0.70    0.27 cm(2), respectively) were significantly larger than those in the controls (0.79    0.26 cm(2), 0.60    0.25 cm(2), and 0.57    0.24 cm(2), respectively). Wound healing assay revealed that VA significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Scanning electron microscopy showed mature ciliated cells in the VA-treated side. CONCLUSION: Topical VA is a promising agent for sinonasal wound healing after ESS because it can promote mucociliary reepithelization, reduce adhesion, and prevent @entity850 .

title: Reduction of adhesions and @entity850 with topical XXXX after endoscopic sinus surgery.

answer: @entity904 :: (MESH:D014801,Chemical) :: ['vitamin A']


abstract: The @entity1817 is characterized by atelectasis of the maxillary sinus in the setting of subclinical @entity1180 . The resultant expansion of orbital volume causes @entity9577 and hypoglobus. A review of the literature reveals only unilateral cases. The authors present a case of bilateral @entity1817 presenting with chronic @entity2194 . A 56-year-old @entity1 was referred for tarsorrhaphy to treat a chronic recurrent corneal @entity1066 . Exam revealed an area of corneal thinning in the left eye. The @entity1 appeared cachectic and there was @entity9577 , hypoglobus, and lagophthalmos on both sides, left worse than right. Due to the @entity1 's appearance and a history of sinonasal @entity5 , recurrent @entity5 was suspected. A systemic workup was unrevealing, and radiographic studies showed the features of @entity1817 bilaterally. The @entity1 underwent sinus surgery and placement of a left orbital floor implant.

title: A case of bilateral @entity1817 presenting with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular surface disease']

entities_list: @entity9577 :: ('MESH:D015841', 'Disease') :: ['enophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['silent sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinusitis and obstruction of the osteomeatal unit']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['ocular surface disease']


abstract: The @entity1817 is characterized by atelectasis of the maxillary sinus in the setting of subclinical @entity1180 . The resultant expansion of orbital volume causes @entity9577 and hypoglobus. A review of the literature reveals only unilateral cases. The authors present a case of bilateral @entity1817 presenting with chronic @entity2194 . A 56-year-old @entity1 was referred for tarsorrhaphy to treat a chronic recurrent corneal @entity1066 . Exam revealed an area of corneal thinning in the left eye. The @entity1 appeared cachectic and there was @entity9577 , hypoglobus, and lagophthalmos on both sides, left worse than right. Due to the @entity1 's appearance and a history of sinonasal @entity5 , recurrent @entity5 was suspected. A systemic workup was unrevealing, and radiographic studies showed the features of @entity1817 bilaterally. The @entity1 underwent sinus surgery and placement of a left orbital floor implant.

title: A case of bilateral XXXX presenting with chronic @entity2194 .

answer: @entity1817 :: (MESH:D012804,Disease) :: ['silent sinus syndrome']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of @entity348 ( @entity348 ) after manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA) for post-operative stiffness with a matched cohort of @entity348 @entity1 who did not requre MUA. In total 72 @entity1 (mean age 59.8 years, 42 to 83) who underwent MUA following @entity348 were identified from our prospective database and compared with a matched cohort of @entity1 who had undergone @entity348 without subsequent MUA. @entity1 were evaluated for range of movement (ROM) and clinical outcome scores (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, Short-Form Health Survey, and Knee Society Clinical Rating System) at a mean follow-up of 36.4 months (12 to 120). MUA took place at a mean of nine weeks (5 to 18) after @entity348 . In @entity1 who required MUA, mean @entity85 improved from 10   (0   to 25  ) to 4.4   (0   to 15  ) (p < 0.001), and mean range of flexion improved from 79.8   (65   to 95  ) to 116   (80   to 130  ) (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in ROM or functional outcome scores at three months, one year, or two years between those who required MUA and those who did not. There were no complications associated with manipulation. At most recent follow-up, @entity1 requiring MUA achieved equivalent ROM and clinical outcome scores when compared with a matched control group. While other studies have focused on ROM after manipulation, the current study adds to current literature by supplementing this with functional outcome scores. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1640-4.

title: Knee manipulation under anaesthetic following XXXX : a matched cohort design.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flexion deformity']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: @entity890 ( @entity890 ) is uncommon in youth and few cases are treated surgically. Very few outcome studies exist for @entity890 surgery in this age group. Our aim was to explore differences in gender in pre-operative level of disability and outcome of surgery for @entity890 in @entity1 aged  <= 20 years using prospectively collected data. From the national Swedish SweSpine register we identified 180 @entity1 with one-year and 108 with two-year follow-up data  <= 20 years of age, who between the years 2000 and 2010 had a primary operation for @entity890 . Both male and female @entity1 reported pronounced impairment before the operation in all @entity1 reported outcome measures, with female @entity1 experiencing significantly greater back @entity158 , having greater analgesic requirements and reporting significantly inferior scores in EuroQol (EQ-5D-index), EQ-visual analogue scale, most aspects of Short Form-36 and Oswestry Disabilities Index, when compared with male @entity1 . Surgery conferred a statistically significant improvement in all registered parameters, with few gender discrepancies. Quality of life at one year following surgery normalised in both males and females and only eight @entity1 (4.5%) were dissatisfied with the outcome. Virtually all parameters were stable between the one- and two-year follow-up examination. @entity890 surgery leads to normal health and a favourable outcome in both male and female @entity1 aged 20 years or younger, who failed to recover after non-operative management. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1675-82.

title: Outcome of surgical treatment of XXXX in young individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['LDH', 'Lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the association of concomitant @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) with disease recurrence and @entity5 in a multi-institutional series of @entity1 treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract @entity189 (UTUC). METHODS: We collected retrospectively the data of 772 @entity1 treated with RNU and ipsilateral bladder cuff excision at 9 international institutions in Asia, Europe, and Northern America from 1987 to 2008. Surgical specimens were processed according to standard pathologic procedures at each institution. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models addressed time to recurrence and @entity5 -specific mortality. RESULTS: Concomitant @entity2735 was present in 88 @entity1 (11.4%); it was associated with more advanced pathologic stage, higher @entity5 grade, and presence of @entity3 (all P-values  <  0.05). The five-year recurrence-free ( @entity4434 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) estimates were 74.4 and 76.3%, respectively, in the absence of @entity2735 compared with 56.4 and 59.9%, respectively, in the presence of @entity2735 (P-values  <  0.0001 for @entity4434 and 0.002 for @entity5 , respectively). On multivariable Cox regression analyses, concomitant @entity2735 was an independent predictor of both @entity4434 (hazard ratio (HR): 1.9; P  =  0.007) and @entity5 (HR: 1.7, P  =  0.048). Similar findings were reconfirmed in subgroups analyses limited to T2, organ confined, and N0/Nx UTUC, or @entity1 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of concomitant @entity2735 is an independent predictor of both @entity4434 and @entity5 in @entity1 treated with RNU for UTUC. This information may be useful in risk stratification of UTUC @entity1 for follow-up and additional therapy.

title: Concomitant @entity2735 as an independent prognostic parameter for recurrence and survival in upper tract XXXX : a multicenter analysis of 772 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related death', 'cancer', 'cancer-specific survival', 'CSS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the association of concomitant @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) with disease recurrence and @entity5 in a multi-institutional series of @entity1 treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract @entity189 (UTUC). METHODS: We collected retrospectively the data of 772 @entity1 treated with RNU and ipsilateral bladder cuff excision at 9 international institutions in Asia, Europe, and Northern America from 1987 to 2008. Surgical specimens were processed according to standard pathologic procedures at each institution. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models addressed time to recurrence and @entity5 -specific mortality. RESULTS: Concomitant @entity2735 was present in 88 @entity1 (11.4%); it was associated with more advanced pathologic stage, higher @entity5 grade, and presence of @entity3 (all P-values  <  0.05). The five-year recurrence-free ( @entity4434 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) estimates were 74.4 and 76.3%, respectively, in the absence of @entity2735 compared with 56.4 and 59.9%, respectively, in the presence of @entity2735 (P-values  <  0.0001 for @entity4434 and 0.002 for @entity5 , respectively). On multivariable Cox regression analyses, concomitant @entity2735 was an independent predictor of both @entity4434 (hazard ratio (HR): 1.9; P  =  0.007) and @entity5 (HR: 1.7, P  =  0.048). Similar findings were reconfirmed in subgroups analyses limited to T2, organ confined, and N0/Nx UTUC, or @entity1 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of concomitant @entity2735 is an independent predictor of both @entity4434 and @entity5 in @entity1 treated with RNU for UTUC. This information may be useful in risk stratification of UTUC @entity1 for follow-up and additional therapy.

title: Concomitant XXXX as an independent prognostic parameter for recurrence and survival in upper tract @entity189 : a multicenter analysis of 772 @entity1 .

answer: @entity2735 :: (MESH:D002278,Disease) :: ['carcinoma in situ']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the association of concomitant @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) with disease recurrence and @entity5 in a multi-institutional series of @entity1 treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract @entity189 (UTUC). METHODS: We collected retrospectively the data of 772 @entity1 treated with RNU and ipsilateral bladder cuff excision at 9 international institutions in Asia, Europe, and Northern America from 1987 to 2008. Surgical specimens were processed according to standard pathologic procedures at each institution. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models addressed time to recurrence and @entity5 -specific mortality. RESULTS: Concomitant @entity2735 was present in 88 @entity1 (11.4%); it was associated with more advanced pathologic stage, higher @entity5 grade, and presence of @entity3 (all P-values  <  0.05). The five-year recurrence-free ( @entity4434 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) estimates were 74.4 and 76.3%, respectively, in the absence of @entity2735 compared with 56.4 and 59.9%, respectively, in the presence of @entity2735 (P-values  <  0.0001 for @entity4434 and 0.002 for @entity5 , respectively). On multivariable Cox regression analyses, concomitant @entity2735 was an independent predictor of both @entity4434 (hazard ratio (HR): 1.9; P  =  0.007) and @entity5 (HR: 1.7, P  =  0.048). Similar findings were reconfirmed in subgroups analyses limited to T2, organ confined, and N0/Nx UTUC, or @entity1 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of concomitant @entity2735 is an independent predictor of both @entity4434 and @entity5 in @entity1 treated with RNU for UTUC. This information may be useful in risk stratification of UTUC @entity1 for follow-up and additional therapy.

title: Concomitant @entity2735 as an independent prognostic parameter for recurrence and survival in upper tract @entity189 : a multicenter analysis of 772 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Several risk stratification systems have been proposed for predicting development of @entity4760 . However, little has been published that assesses their similarities and disparities, diagnostic accuracy and evidence level. Consequently, we conducted a systematic review of the existing stratification systems. METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE database for studies (published until April 2010) describing the creation and validation of risk stratification systems for prediction of @entity4760 development. RESULTS: We included 13 studies describing or evaluating the following different risk degree stratification systems: University of Texas; International Working Group on @entity6 Foot; Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN); American @entity6 Association; and Boyko and colleagues. We confirmed that five variables were included in almost all the systems: @entity3949 , @entity1095 , @entity5109 , and previous foot @entity1066 and amputation. The number of variables included ranged from four to eight and the number of risk groups from two to six. Only four studies reported or allowed the calculation of diagnostic accuracy measures. The SIGN system showed some higher diagnostic accuracy values, particularly positive likelihood ratio, while predictive ability was confirmed through external validation only in the system of Boyko et al. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Foot @entity1066 risk stratification systems are a much needed tool for screening @entity1 with @entity6 . The core variables of various systems are very similar, but the number of included variables in each model and risk groups varied greatly. Overall, the quality of evidence for these systems is low, as little validation of their predictive ability has been done.

title: Risk stratification systems for XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcer']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']


abstract: Estimation of left-sided @entity340 has been obtained using the ratio of left- to right- @entity64 counts, i.e., the regurgitant index. The present study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of the regurgitant index in identifying @entity1 with isolated right-sided @entity340 . We identified 12 @entity1 with tricuspid or @entity338 by at least two of the following criteria: pulsatile liver, positive Carvallo's sign, and @entity1211 . In 9 of the 12 @entity1 , the right-sided insufficiency was confirmed by catheterization or contrast echocardiography and flow-directed pulsed-echo Doppler. The regurgitant index in @entity1 with right-sided insufficiency was 0.59 +/- 0.23. This was significantly different from @entity1 with left-sided insufficiency (3.09 +/- 0.8; P less than 0.001) and from control subjects (1.49 +/- 0.32; P less than 0.001). In 11 of the 12 @entity1 with right-sided regurgitant lesions, the regurgitant index was less than 1.0. The hepatic expansion fraction, a possible correlate of an expansile liver, has previously been found to be both sensitive and specific for the detection of @entity1 with right-sided regurgitation. We calculated the hepatic expansion fraction in 6 @entity1 with @entity997 (including 3 with pulsatile livers) and 5 controls using the method of Handler et al.. In the present study, the hepatic expansion fraction in @entity997 @entity1 was 4.3% as compared to 4.1% in normals (P = NS). In summary, this study suggests that the regurgitant index may be a sensitive tool for the diagnosis of right-sided regurgitant lesions, while the hepatic expansion fraction does not appear to be useful for identifying @entity997 .

title: Inversion of the radionuclide regurgitant index in right-sided XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation', 'tricuspid insufficiency', 'tricuspid-insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['pulsatile jugular-venous distension']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility and the innocuity of the treatment by radiofrequency of @entity703 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: From June 2000 to September 2001, 10 @entity703 in 6 @entity1 were treated by radiofrequency. The mean age of the @entity1 was 57 years. The mean @entity5 diameter was 20 mm. Indications for partial surgery were 3 solitary kidneys, one @entity1 with @entity177 , one @entity1 with @entity280 and one @entity1 in whom several @entity359 were @entity8 . 4 @entity1 were treated via a lumbar incision and 2 were treated percutaneously (one with ultrasound guidance and the other with computed tomography guidance). @entity1 were reviewed by imaging (CT and/or MRI) with injection of contrast agent to demonstrate complete devascularization of the @entity5 . RESULTS: Treatment lasted an average of 180 minutes. The intraoperative complication rate was 16%. The mean hospital stay was 9 days (4 days for the percutaneous route). Nine @entity5 (5 @entity1 ) were devascularized after a single session. One @entity1 (treated via the percutaneous route under ultrasound guidance) showed persistence of @entity5 tissue (identified by CT). A second session, performed 4 months later, allowed complete devascularization of the @entity5 . The mean follow-up is 13 months. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the feasibility and safety in terms of renal function of radiofrequency treatment of @entity703 . However further studies are necessary to precisely define the radiological criteria of @entity5 @entity39 and to evaluate the long-term results of this method (outcome of @entity5 tissue, metastatic risk, @entity5 recurrence along the needle track in the case of a percutaneous approach). This treatment must be reserved for selected @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX with radiofrequency: preliminary results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['discovered in the right kidney']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['Von Hippel Lindau disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumours', 'small renal tumours']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: Ten @entity1072 @entity1 were treated with partially pure alpha interferon ( @entity3027 ) at doses ranging from 3-9 X 10(6) units administered intramuscularly daily. Of these @entity1 , three @entity1 with disease stages 0, 1, and 3 (and @entity6491 ), respectively, responded with partial remissions lasting from 10 to 24+ months; four additional @entity1 had minor responses. Among those responding, modulation of @entity1072 , surface immunoglobulins, and surface antigens were observed in four @entity1 . These changes included a decline in the proportion of B cells bearing surface immunoglobulin without change in the number of the B cells. Likewise, a decline in the proportion of B cells bearing T-1 antigen was observed in three @entity1 . Increase in the percentage of T cells, primarily the T helper cells, was seen in two of the responding @entity1 . Specific binding of alpha interferon was demonstrated prior to therapy in @entity1072 cells of all @entity1 . This binding declined rapidly following treatment with @entity3027 . Induction of the enzyme 2'5' oligoisoadenylate synthetase was examined in @entity1072 @entity1 prior to and during therapy with @entity3027 . Variable levels of the enzyme were induced in all @entity1 on therapy; however, only minimal induction was observed in two of three @entity1 failing therapy.

title: Clinical and laboratory changes induced by alpha interferon in XXXX --a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6491 :: ('MESH:D015463', 'Disease') :: ['prolymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: Treatment related morbidity, recorded in @entity1 entered onto a RTOG phase III study (testing the value of periaortic irradiation in locally advanced @entity263 ), has been correlated with radiotherapeutic parameters to identify and quantify the relationship with treatment volumes, doses, and techniques. Between 1976 and 1983 a total of 526 analyzable cases were entered onto the study. The study design entailed randomization to either pelvic irradiation followed by a prostate boost or pelvic and periaortic irradiation followed by a prostate boost. Periaortic irradiation was not associated with a significantly increased incidence of @entity130 manifested by @entity294 . No correlation between the total dose to the regional lymphatics (ranging from 4400 to 5100 cGy) and the incidence of bowel and @entity1494 could be established. Doses to the prostate in excess of 7000 cGy have not resulted in a significantly increased incidence of @entity1494 , but have been associated with a significant increase in the incidence of @entity130 manifested by @entity294 . The techniques of pelvic irradiation did not seem to significantly influence the incidence of bowel or @entity1494 . The technique of delivery of the prostatic boost did seem to influence the incidence of @entity130 . This refers to the lateral boost technique and the perineal boost technique which have been associated with a higher incidence of @entity294 . All of the conclusions based on this analysis are applicable only to treatment volumes and dose ranges used in this study and to conventional fractionation of 180 to 200 cGy per day.

title: Correlation of radiotherapeutic parameters and treatment related morbidity in XXXX --analysis of RTOG study 75-06.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder complications', 'bladder injuries']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bowel injuries']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: We report the case of a 34-year-old @entity1 who exhibited acute deterioration in her condition after cerebral angiography for evaluation of a large @entity1653 . She had undergone surgery and irradiation for a @entity11 in the right occipital lobe 23 years before this episode. She experienced incapacity at work. On @entity7994 , a large @entity1653 was detected on the left frontal convexity; this @entity5 was thought to be radiation-induced. Cerebral angiography was performed to assess the vascularization of the @entity5 . Her condition began to deteriorate 2.5 h after the cerebral angiography. CT revealed an increase in the mass of the @entity5 , and a high density area in the @entity5 . We immediately removed the @entity5 . Histopathological examination revealed the @entity5 to be a @entity1653 . New @entity548 foci were identified in the @entity5 . In addition, macrophages containing hemosiderin were detected, and some of the @entity5 vessels exhibited @entity528 . We suspected that angiography triggered @entity548 in the @entity1653 , which was already predisposed to @entity548 .

title: [Exacerbation of radiation induced XXXX due to @entity548 after cerebral angiography: a case report].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningothelial meningioma', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline degeneration']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: We report the case of a 34-year-old @entity1 who exhibited acute deterioration in her condition after cerebral angiography for evaluation of a large @entity1653 . She had undergone surgery and irradiation for a @entity11 in the right occipital lobe 23 years before this episode. She experienced incapacity at work. On @entity7994 , a large @entity1653 was detected on the left frontal convexity; this @entity5 was thought to be radiation-induced. Cerebral angiography was performed to assess the vascularization of the @entity5 . Her condition began to deteriorate 2.5 h after the cerebral angiography. CT revealed an increase in the mass of the @entity5 , and a high density area in the @entity5 . We immediately removed the @entity5 . Histopathological examination revealed the @entity5 to be a @entity1653 . New @entity548 foci were identified in the @entity5 . In addition, macrophages containing hemosiderin were detected, and some of the @entity5 vessels exhibited @entity528 . We suspected that angiography triggered @entity548 in the @entity1653 , which was already predisposed to @entity548 .

title: [Exacerbation of radiation induced @entity1653 due to XXXX after cerebral angiography: a case report].

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECT: The quantitative analysis of odontoid process angulation has had scant attention in the @entity1645 population. In this study the authors sought to elucidate the correlation between posterior angulation of the odontoid process and @entity1 with @entity1645 . METHODS: Magnetic resonance images of the craniocervical junction obtained in 100 @entity1 with @entity1645 and in 50 @entity1 with normal intracranial anatomy (controls) were analyzed. Specific attention was focused on measuring the degree of angulation of the odontoid process and assigning a score to the various degrees. Postoperative outcome following posterior cranial fossa decompression was then correlated to grades of angulation. Other measurements included midsagittal lengths of the foramen magnum and basiocciput, the authors' institutions' previously documented @entity65461 line (a line drawn perpendicular to one drawn between the basion and the posterior aspect of the C-2 body), level of the obex from a midpoint of the McRae line, and the extent of @entity3976 . Higher grades of odontoid angulation (retroflexion) were found to be more frequently associated with @entity1644 and particularly holocord syringes. Higher grades of angulation were more common in female @entity1 and were often found to have obices that were caudally displaced greater than three standard deviations below normal. CONCLUSIONS: These results not only confirm prior reports of an increased incidence of a retroflexed odontoid process in @entity1645 but quantitatively define grades of inclination. Grades of angulation were not found to correlate with postoperative outcome. It is the authors' hopes that these data add to our current limited understanding of the mechanisms involved in hindbrain herniation.

title: Inclination of the odontoid process in the pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillar herniation']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari I malformation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the performance of gonioscopy and noncontact morphometry with anterior chamber tomography (High Resolution Pentacam - HR) using optical Scheimpflug images in the evaluation of the anterior chamber angle (ACA). METHODS: Transversal study. 112 eyes from 74 subjects evaluated at the @entity726 Department, Fluminense Federal University, underwent gonioscopy and Pentacam HR. Using gonioscopy, the ACA was graded using the Shaffer Classification (SC) by a single experienced examiner masked to the Pentacam HR findings. @entity2747 was determined in eyes in which the posterior trabecular meshwork could not be seen in two or more quadrants on non-indentation gonioscopy (SC Grade 2 or less). Pentacam HR images of the nasal and temporal quadrants were evaluated by custom software to automatically obtain anterior chamber measurements, such as: anterior chamber angle (ACA), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and @entity8707 ( @entity8707 ). RESULTS: Based on gonioscopy results, 74 (60.07%) eyes of @entity1 classified as open-angle (SC 3 and 4) and 38 (33.93%) eyes of @entity1 classified as @entity2747 ( @entity72360 ). Noncontact morphometry with Scheimpflug images revealed a mean ACA of 39.20    5.31 degrees for open-angle and 21.18    7.98 degrees for @entity2747 . The open-angle group showed significant greater ACV and @entity8707 values when compared to @entity2747 (ACV of 193    36 mm   vs. 90    25 mm  , respectively, p<0.001; and @entity8707 of 3,09    0,42 mm vs. 1,55    0,64 mm, respectively, p<0.0001.). In screening eyes with open-angle and @entity2747 with the Pentacam ACA of 20   (SC Grade 2) using the ROC curves, the analysis showed 52.6% of sensitivity and 100% of specificity. CONCLUSIONS: The Pentacam showed ability in detecting eyes at risk for angle closure analyzing ACV and @entity8707 .

title: XXXX anterior chamber morphometry based on optical Scheimpflug images.

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'anterior chamber depth']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['Narrow angle', 'narrow-angle', 'narrow-angle group']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: A study of the sand @entity238 fauna was carried out in the endemic area ofAmerican @entity4536 (ACL) in the Municipality of Mesquita, State of Rio de Janeiro, in an area where dwellings (with @entity1 and @entity235 infected by @entity8436 ) have been recently visited by sloths. Weekly captures were made during two consecutive years in two different sites (1 m and 600 m above sea level) and in three different habitats in each site (domestic, extra-domestic and sylvatic) using CDC light traps and Shannon traps. The following species were identified: Brumptomyia (Brumptomyia) guimaraesi, B. (B.) nitzulescui, Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis, L. migonei, L. serrana, L. (Psathyromyia) lutziana, L. barrettoi, L. (Nyssomyia) intermedia, L. (N.) whitmani, L. (Mycropygomyia) schireiberi, L. quinquefer, L. sallesi, L. (Psychodopygus) ayrozai, L. pascalei, L. (Pintomyia) bianchigalatiae and L. lanei. The collection of B. guimaraesi and B. nitzulescui species indicates the proximity of the study area to the sylvatic habitat. Two important suspected vectors of ACL were found: L. intermedia and L. migonei. L. longipalpis, a proven vector of American @entity234 (AVL), was also found in this area. L. intermedia, the predominant sand @entity238 species, was collected by both methods of capture and in the three different sites. It was observed biting @entity1 inside houses, but it was less anthropophilic in the sylvatic habitat. Our observations suggest that altitude does not influence the dispersion of L. intermedia population in the Municipality of Mesquita. The data indicate that L. intermedia remains as a putative vector of @entity8436 (V.) braziliensis in this locality. An hypothesis of a sylvatic transmission cycle in the area and its correlation with the domestic cycle are discussed in the present paper.

title: Ecology of American XXXX in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity8436 :: ('5660', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis', 'Leishmania']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Kupffer cells, monocytes and infiltrating T cells have been considered the major source of @entity1356 and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha in the liver. AIMS; To explore the expression of @entity1356 and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha and to evaluate the density and the distribution of T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages in the liver of @entity1 with primary and secondary @entity5 . METHODS: Tumoural and peritumoural liver samples were examined from 21 @entity1 with @entity157 , 10 with hepatic @entity3 , 5 with benign focal liver lesions and 4 healthy adult livers. @entity1356 and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha mRNAs were detected by a semiquantitative comparative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. T lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Higher levels of @entity1356 , @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, CD3+ and @entity469 + cells were found in the tissue surrounding @entity157 and @entity3 than in the @entity5 itself. A strong expression of @entity469 + and CD3+ cells was found mainly along the @entity5 -host interface but the highest expression of CD3+ cells was found at the metastasis interfaces. @entity1356 expression, CD3+ and @entity469 + cell densities were higher in peritumoural samples than in so-called "normal" liver tissue. CONCLUSIONS: An increased production of @entity1356 and, to a lesser extent, of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha mRNA coincides with the presence of @entity5 be it primary or secondary, both in healthy and cirrhotic livers. The presence of @entity5 , irrespective of the presence of underlying @entity409 , appears to play the most important role.

title: Cytokine, infiltrating macrophage and T cell-mediated response to development of primary and secondary XXXX liver cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-1beta', 'interleukin-1beta']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair in @entity1 whose fitness for surgery is questionable. METHODS: Between April 1997 and December 2001, 389 consecutive @entity1 underwent endovascular @entity1028 repair. Of these, 51 (13.1%) were ASA grade IV. The perioperative and late outcomes of this group were compared to the remaining 338 @entity1 with ASA grades <IV. Failure of @entity1028 exclusion was defined as late conversion to open repair, @entity1755 , increased @entity439 diameter, or persisting graft-related @entity1070 . Gender, age, ASA grade IV, EUROSTAR class E, and @entity1028 diameter were examined by logistic regression analysis for their influence on perioperative @entity204 , survival, and failure of @entity1028 exclusion. RESULTS: Four (7.8%) perioperative @entity204 occurred in the ASA IV group compared to 1 (0.3%) in the ASA <IV group (p=0.001). Median follow-up was 22 months (range 1-56). Failure of @entity1028 exclusion occurred in 3 (5.9%) @entity1 in ASA IV group and in 25 (7.4%) in ASA <IV group (p>0.05). Actuarial survival at 30 months was 62.9% in ASA IV group and 88.0% in ASA <IV group (p=0.001, log-rank test). There were no independent predictors for failure of @entity1028 exclusion; ASA IV was independently associated with perioperative mortality (HR 17.8; 95% CI 1.6 to 188; p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular @entity1028 repair in ASA IV @entity1 is feasible and effective in preventing @entity1755 in the mid term. High-risk @entity1 experience a worse prognosis than their good-risk counterparts. An individualized approach in selecting high-risk @entity1 for endoluminal repair is mandatory.

title: Outcome of abdominal aortic endografting in high-risk XXXX : a 4-year single-center study.

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['AAA rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess renal morphology using spiral computed tomographic angiography (CTA) before and 6 months after angioplasty of unilateral @entity2791 (RAS). METHODS: Spiral CTA scans from 14 @entity101 @entity1 (7 @entity1 ; mean age 57.4 +/- 13.1 years) with significant RAS were performed before and 6 months after angioplasty; @entity8 , @entity121 ( @entity121 ), cortical area (CA), and medullary length (ML) were measured from the axial slices in the 14 contralateral and 14 poststenotic then revascularized kidneys. Blood pressure, @entity1011 clearance, and number of antihypertensive drugs were analyzed. RESULTS: At 6 months, the systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced (p=0.007), but the number of antihypertensive drugs and the @entity1011 clearance did not change significantly. Most morphological parameters before and after angioplasty were different in the contralateral versus poststenotic kidneys ( @entity8 , p=0.01; @entity121 , p=0.01; ML, p=0.03; CA, p=0.008). After angioplasty, there was an 11% drop in cortical @entity194 associated with a mean 4-mm increase in medullary length in the poststenotic/revascularized kidneys. The contralateral kidneys exhibited corticomedullary thinning after angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity8 , cortical thinning could be a useful timesaving marker to assess the significance of the lesion and to evaluate associated distal lesions. The favorable blood pressure outcome supports the existence of reversible @entity2806 , particularly in the medulla. Angioplasty appears to be useful for the poststenotic kidney, according to the morphological study.

title: XXXX in atherosclerotic renovascular disease: gradual changes 6 months after successful angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal length', 'atherosclerotic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['mean cortical thickness', 'MCT']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recommendations state that @entity1443 should be used in preference to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the initial treatment of symptomatic @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the hip or knee, because of lesser @entity137 and the pervasive belief that @entity1443 is not only effective in treating @entity158 but is of equal analgesic efficacy as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of @entity3522 , 75 mg twice daily, vs @entity1443 , 1000 mg 4 times daily, in 82 subjects with symptomatic @entity571 of the medial knee. @entity571 was quantitated radiographically, and subjects met stringent baseline @entity158 criteria. The primary evaluation of efficacy used the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index, with evaluations at screening, baseline, and 2 and 12 weeks after treatment. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. RESULTS: Twenty-five subjects were randomized to @entity3522 , 29 to @entity1443 , and 28 to placebo. The groups were closely matched for age, sex, body mass index, prior use of @entity571 medications, baseline @entity158 , and radiographic features. At 2 and 12 weeks, clinically and statistically significant (P<.001) improvements were seen in the @entity3522 -treated group; however, no significant improvements were seen in the @entity1443 -treated group (P =.92 at 2 weeks and.19 at 12 weeks). Stratification of subjects according to baseline @entity158 , prestudy @entity571 medication, and radiographic grade showed no clear pattern of preferential response to @entity3522 , and did not reveal a subset of subjects who responded to @entity1443 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3522 is effective in the symptomatic treatment of @entity571 of the knee, but @entity1443 is not. A review of the literature reveals that there is scanty published evidence for a therapeutic effect of @entity1443 relative to placebo in @entity1 with @entity571 of the knee, because most published studies use active comparators (ie, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) only. The advocacy of @entity1443 use in subjects with @entity571 of the knee should be reconsidered pending further placebo-controlled studies.

title: Lack of efficacy of XXXX in treating symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison trial with @entity3522 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'Diclofenac', 'diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recommendations state that @entity1443 should be used in preference to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the initial treatment of symptomatic @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the hip or knee, because of lesser @entity137 and the pervasive belief that @entity1443 is not only effective in treating @entity158 but is of equal analgesic efficacy as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of @entity3522 , 75 mg twice daily, vs @entity1443 , 1000 mg 4 times daily, in 82 subjects with symptomatic @entity571 of the medial knee. @entity571 was quantitated radiographically, and subjects met stringent baseline @entity158 criteria. The primary evaluation of efficacy used the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index, with evaluations at screening, baseline, and 2 and 12 weeks after treatment. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. RESULTS: Twenty-five subjects were randomized to @entity3522 , 29 to @entity1443 , and 28 to placebo. The groups were closely matched for age, sex, body mass index, prior use of @entity571 medications, baseline @entity158 , and radiographic features. At 2 and 12 weeks, clinically and statistically significant (P<.001) improvements were seen in the @entity3522 -treated group; however, no significant improvements were seen in the @entity1443 -treated group (P =.92 at 2 weeks and.19 at 12 weeks). Stratification of subjects according to baseline @entity158 , prestudy @entity571 medication, and radiographic grade showed no clear pattern of preferential response to @entity3522 , and did not reveal a subset of subjects who responded to @entity1443 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3522 is effective in the symptomatic treatment of @entity571 of the knee, but @entity1443 is not. A review of the literature reveals that there is scanty published evidence for a therapeutic effect of @entity1443 relative to placebo in @entity1 with @entity571 of the knee, because most published studies use active comparators (ie, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) only. The advocacy of @entity1443 use in subjects with @entity571 of the knee should be reconsidered pending further placebo-controlled studies.

title: Lack of efficacy of @entity1443 in treating symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison trial with XXXX .

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac sodium']


abstract: The early and late nephrotoxicity of @entity205 was examined in 23 orthotopic heart transplant recipients and two heart-lung transplant recipients up to four years after the operation. @entity205 was given orally pre-operatively and intravenously for the first two to five days after the operation. Subsequent daily oral therapy, in two divided doses, was adjusted to maintain serum trough levels in the range of 150 vg/ml to 200 vg/ml. By six months after the transplantation, the trough level was reduced to approximately 100 vg/ml. The mean pre-operative @entity1011 was 119 +/- 27 microM/L. After the operation there was transient @entity1458 in all @entity1 , the mean peak @entity1011 (251 +/- 104 microM/L) occurring on days two to five. By day eight, @entity1011 (138 +/- 68 microM/L) was not significantly different from the pre-operative value. The maximal @entity205 trough level (479 +/- 216 vg/ml) was also seen on days two to five and declined (195 +/- 53 vg/ml) on day ten. Despite the temporal association, linear regression analysis demonstrated no correlation between the early increase in @entity1011 and the @entity205 level. There was, however, a correlation between the pre-operative @entity1011 and the peak post-operative @entity1011 . Two @entity1 required dialysis but no death could be attributed to @entity177 . By six months after the operation, serum @entity1011 had increased to 145 +/- 53 microM/ml and thereafter, with gradual reduction in @entity205 dosage serum @entity1011 levels stabilized at 197 +/- 97 mu/mL at two years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX on renal function following orthotopic heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Classification, histological and cytological grading of @entity263 , as well as the exact determination of the @entity5 stage, are the decisive criteria for the therapy to be followed. 163 morphological control examinations were analyzed for a period of 5 years on 97 @entity1 before, under and after hormonal or radiotherapy. 57% of the controlled @entity263 were uniformly glandular, or predominantly glandular, i.e., of pluriform structure, malignity grade Ib/IIa. 41% corresponded to cribriform and solid @entity189 with grade IIa, IIb and III. Under hormonal therapy, the typical epithelial and stromal changes were evident, like coarse vacuolization of cytoplasm, progressive nuclear pyknosis, @entity4 , as well as @entity1463 and @entity6517 . Under radiotherapy, the degree of @entity1463 and nuclear changes was even more evident. Polynuclear, bizarre @entity5 cells predominated. With @entity189 to hormonal or radiotherapy, the immunohistochemical markers ( @entity1486 ) were markedly reduced or missing. @entity189 , up to 5 years after therapy, showed regression grade I in 30.1%, II in 18.3, III in 43.0% and X in 8.6%. In cribriform/solid @entity189 , the regression was less marked. Grade I was observed in 42.9%, grade II in 21.4%, and grade III in 35.7% of the cases. There was no regression grade X. The results have shown that responsiveness of @entity189 to therapy can well be analyzed by use of certain histological and cytological criteria for grading and regressional grading. The experiences so far have shown that concerning radiation, 12-18 months after conclusion of therapy is a favorable moment for posttherapy controls. Under hormonal therapy, the therapy control should be performed 6 months after beginning. The same applies for cytological therapy controls.

title: Treated XXXX . Histological, immunohistochemical and cell kinetic studies.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6517 :: ('MESH:D057770', 'Disease') :: ['hyalinosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['stroma edema']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['responsiveness of the carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'Glandular carcinomas', 'trabecular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['stroma sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen, acid prostate phosphatase']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: This study was conducted to establish the feasibility of corneal transplantation using the big-bubble technique (BBT) to perform deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in three @entity235 . After the @entity267 was trephined 750   m, 4 mL of air was injected, and the blanched stroma was removed to expose @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The donor corneal button, which was gently stripped off the @entity195 , was sutured onto the bare @entity195 of the recipient @entity267 . The @entity235 received topical antibiotics every 6 h for 7 days and 2% cyclosporine ointment every 12 h for 1 month. The eyes were examined post-operatively at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 150 days. The central portion of the transplanted @entity267 stayed transparent while corneal haze developed around the transplanted margin. Menace response was normal even though the transplanted @entity267 was @entity4 until 3 weeks after surgery. A marginal haze was rarely observed between the donor and recipient corneas at 150 days after the operation. A spotted haze developed in the central part of the deep stroma near the @entity195 . Upon histopathological examination, the stroma and epithelium of the donor @entity267 had normal structures. Corneal transplantation using DALK with BBT can be performed in @entity235 preserving the healthy endothelium.

title: Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty of XXXX eyes using the big-bubble technique.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['DM', "Descemet's membrane"]

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: This study assessed the ability of immunomonitoring to differentiate between acute cardiac rejection and viral, @entity2348 , using data of thirty-five @entity205 treated heart and heart-lung transplant recipients. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed daily for 20 days, then three times weekly until the @entity1 's discharge. Later, peripheral blood was examined every fourteen days on an outpatient basis. White blood cells were counted and differentiated. A mononuclear concentrate was obtained by the Ficoll-Hypaque gradient and centrifugation method, and cytocentrifuged onto slides. The cells were stained by a five minute method. Percentages of lymphocytes, prelymphoblasts, lymphoblasts, large granular lymphocytes and monocytes were calculated. When activated cells were detected, aliquots of the mononuclear concentrate were labeled using monoclonal antibodies. In these thirty-five @entity1 , more than 60 acute rejection episodes were diagnosed by the cytoimmunological method. Acute rejection was characterized by a significant rise of the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, prelymphoblasts and lymphoblasts. The T-lymphocyte population increased while the B-cells remained normal. Ninety-five percent of all acute rejection episodes were diagnosed using cytoimmunological parameters. During @entity1800 more than 20% of the mononuclear cells were large granular lymphocytes and the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was less than one. During @entity2348 the B-lymphocytes increased to 40% of the mononuclear cells. In addition, juvenile polymorphs appeared in the mononuclear concentrate and the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was within normal limits (1.5 to 2.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cytoimmunological monitoring in acute rejection and viral, XXXX following transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and fungal infections', 'bacterial or fungal infections']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial or fungal infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of 3 different methods of electrical stimulation in the prevention of @entity1951 -induced emetic response and @entity943 . METHODS: Seven female hound @entity235 chronically implanted with 4 pairs of electrodes on gastric serosa were used in a 5-session study. Saline and @entity1951 were infused in sessions 1 and 2, respectively. In the other 3 sessions with @entity1951 infusion, 3 different methods of electrical stimulation (short-pulse stimulation, long-pulse stimulation, and electroacupuncture) were applied. Gastric slow waves and @entity391 and behaviors suggestive of @entity390 were recorded in each session. In a separate study, additional experiments were performed in 5 vagotomized @entity235 to investigate vagally mediated mechanisms. RESULTS: @entity1951 induced @entity943 , uncoupling of slow waves, and @entity391 and behaviors suggestive of @entity390 (P < 0.02, analysis of variance). Long-pulse stimulation, but not short-pulse stimulation or electroacupuncture, was capable of preventing @entity1951 -induced @entity943 and gastric slow wave uncoupling. Short-pulse stimulation and electroacupuncture, but not long-pulse stimulation, prevented @entity391 and significantly reduced the symptom scores, which was not noted in the @entity235 with truncal vagotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Long-pulse stimulation normalizes @entity1951 -induced @entity73 with no improvement in @entity391 and behaviors suggestive of @entity390 . Short-pulse stimulation and electroacupuncture prevent @entity391 and behaviors suggestive of @entity390 induced by @entity1951 but have no effects on slow waves, and their effects are vagally mediated.

title: Gastric electrical stimulation with short pulses reduces vomiting but not XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow wave abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin', 'Vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['gastric dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['dysrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of 3 different methods of electrical stimulation in the prevention of @entity1951 -induced emetic response and @entity943 . METHODS: Seven female hound @entity235 chronically implanted with 4 pairs of electrodes on gastric serosa were used in a 5-session study. Saline and @entity1951 were infused in sessions 1 and 2, respectively. In the other 3 sessions with @entity1951 infusion, 3 different methods of electrical stimulation (short-pulse stimulation, long-pulse stimulation, and electroacupuncture) were applied. Gastric slow waves and @entity391 and behaviors suggestive of @entity390 were recorded in each session. In a separate study, additional experiments were performed in 5 vagotomized @entity235 to investigate vagally mediated mechanisms. RESULTS: @entity1951 induced @entity943 , uncoupling of slow waves, and @entity391 and behaviors suggestive of @entity390 (P < 0.02, analysis of variance). Long-pulse stimulation, but not short-pulse stimulation or electroacupuncture, was capable of preventing @entity1951 -induced @entity943 and gastric slow wave uncoupling. Short-pulse stimulation and electroacupuncture, but not long-pulse stimulation, prevented @entity391 and significantly reduced the symptom scores, which was not noted in the @entity235 with truncal vagotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Long-pulse stimulation normalizes @entity1951 -induced @entity73 with no improvement in @entity391 and behaviors suggestive of @entity390 . Short-pulse stimulation and electroacupuncture prevent @entity391 and behaviors suggestive of @entity390 induced by @entity1951 but have no effects on slow waves, and their effects are vagally mediated.

title: Gastric electrical stimulation with short pulses reduces vomiting but not @entity943 in XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: During hepatic fibrogenesis, the hepatic extracellular matrix changes to fibrillar collagens types I and III, and @entity82 is believed to produce an irreversible scar. In this study, we investigated whether gene delivery of @entity1 @entity3334 , which degrades collagens types I and type III, would attenuate established @entity1575 in the @entity35 , induced by either @entity7008 or bile duct ligation. METHODS: Hepatic @entity82 induced by @entity7008 for 7 weeks was persistent for at least 2 months, even after discontinuation of the treatment. The @entity35 were infected once with a recombinant adenovirus, Ad5MMP-1, into which @entity1 pro- @entity1 @entity3334 complementary DNA was packaged, or with a control adenovirus, Ad5LacZ. RESULTS: In Ad5MMP-1-infected, but not in Ad5LacZ-infected, @entity35 , the @entity82 was dramatically attenuated at 2 weeks after the infection. It is interesting to note that the number of activated hepatic stellate cells was also decreased in Ad5MMP-1-infected @entity35 . Moreover, disorganization of the hepatic trabecula, heterogeneity in the size of hepatocytes, and increased dried liver weight were observed only in Ad5MMP-1-treated @entity35 , suggesting that @entity1 @entity3334 stimulated hepatocyte proliferation, which was confirmed by @entity1603 staining. After 4 weeks, the proliferative effect of @entity1 @entity3334 almost disappeared, but the @entity1575 remained attenuated, whereas the @entity82 in Ad5LacZ-treated @entity35 persisted. Furthermore, the administration of Ad5MMP-1, but not Ad5LacZ, decreased type I collagen and generated a small collagen fragment in @entity1575 induced by bile duct ligation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that transient @entity1 @entity3334 overexpression in the liver effectively attenuates established @entity82 and induces hepatocyte proliferation.

title: Delivery of matrix metalloproteinase-1 attenuates established liver XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: During hepatic fibrogenesis, the hepatic extracellular matrix changes to fibrillar collagens types I and III, and @entity82 is believed to produce an irreversible scar. In this study, we investigated whether gene delivery of @entity1 @entity3334 , which degrades collagens types I and type III, would attenuate established @entity1575 in the @entity35 , induced by either @entity7008 or bile duct ligation. METHODS: Hepatic @entity82 induced by @entity7008 for 7 weeks was persistent for at least 2 months, even after discontinuation of the treatment. The @entity35 were infected once with a recombinant adenovirus, Ad5MMP-1, into which @entity1 pro- @entity1 @entity3334 complementary DNA was packaged, or with a control adenovirus, Ad5LacZ. RESULTS: In Ad5MMP-1-infected, but not in Ad5LacZ-infected, @entity35 , the @entity82 was dramatically attenuated at 2 weeks after the infection. It is interesting to note that the number of activated hepatic stellate cells was also decreased in Ad5MMP-1-infected @entity35 . Moreover, disorganization of the hepatic trabecula, heterogeneity in the size of hepatocytes, and increased dried liver weight were observed only in Ad5MMP-1-treated @entity35 , suggesting that @entity1 @entity3334 stimulated hepatocyte proliferation, which was confirmed by @entity1603 staining. After 4 weeks, the proliferative effect of @entity1 @entity3334 almost disappeared, but the @entity1575 remained attenuated, whereas the @entity82 in Ad5LacZ-treated @entity35 persisted. Furthermore, the administration of Ad5MMP-1, but not Ad5LacZ, decreased type I collagen and generated a small collagen fragment in @entity1575 induced by bile duct ligation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that transient @entity1 @entity3334 overexpression in the liver effectively attenuates established @entity82 and induces hepatocyte proliferation.

title: Delivery of matrix metalloproteinase-1 attenuates established liver @entity82 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']