abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity808 are uncommon @entity5 of the brain often treated by surgical resection. Surgery may be associated with high morbidity. OBJECTIVE: We present a series of @entity808 treated with linear accelerator radiosurgery during a 19-year period. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of @entity1 who underwent treatment of @entity808 at the University of Florida with linear accelerator radiosurgery between August 1989 and February 2008. Forty-nine @entity1 underwent treatment during the study period, and 6 were lost to follow up. The mean age was 51 years (range, 17-82 years), 39% had previous surgical resection, and 67% presented with preradiosurgery @entity129 . There were 25 trigeminal, 18 jugular foramen, 2 facial, 2 oculomotor, 1 hypoglossal, and 1 high cervical @entity808 . The median @entity5 volume was 5.3 mL (range, 0.3-24.5 mL), treated with a median dose of 1250 cGy (range, 1000-1500 cGy). Study endpoints were actuarial local @entity5 control and neurological outcome. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 were available for a median follow-up of 37 months (range, 6-210 months). Actuarial local @entity5 control was 97% at 1 year, 91% at 4.5 years, and 83% at 5 years. There were 4 new @entity129 (9%) including facial @entity1183 (2 @entity1 ), anesthesia dolorosa (1 @entity1 ), and @entity425 (1 @entity1 ). Thirty-nine percent had documented clinical and/or symptomatic improvement. There were no other morbidity and no mortality with treatment. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery for @entity808 offers good actuarial local @entity5 control and has superior morbidity compared with surgical resection. This is the largest linear accelerator radiosurgical series, and the second largest radiosurgical series reported to date.

title: Linear accelerator radiosurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Nonvestibular schwannomas', 'schwannomas', 'nonvestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['nonvestibular schwannomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Today, many @entity1 with @entity409 select suprapubic cystostomy (SPC) instead of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) for practical reasons. There is thus a need to reconsider SPC as a management for @entity409 . We designed SPC with timed drainage (TSPCD) and evaluated its effectiveness compared with continuous drainage with a urine bag (CSPCD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2006 and January 2010, a total of 82 @entity1 underwent SPC. @entity1 undergoing SPC were randomly assigned to CSPCD or TSPCD. @entity1 characteristics, complications, and the results of urine cultures were compared between the two groups through retrospective chart reviews. Also, preferences for CSPCD and TSPCD in another 15 @entity1 who had experienced both CSPCD and TSPCD were investigated. RESULTS: The CSPCD and TSPCD groups comprised 46 and 36 @entity1 , respectively. In a comparison of complications between the two groups, the incidence of acute symptomatic @entity2335 was significantly lower in the TSPCD group than in the CSPCD group (43% vs. 20%, p=0.032). The incidence of symptomatic @entity293 ( @entity293 ) was lower in the TSPCD group. Positive urine culture rates were 89.7% and 72.4% in groups 1 and 2, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.004). In another 15 @entity1 who experienced both CSPCD and TSPCD, 14 @entity1 (93%) stated a preference for TSPCD after converting from CSPCD to TSPCD, and one @entity1 (7%) returned to CSPCD only at night. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, TSPCD had the advantages of less morbidity as @entity293 and being more preferable by @entity1 with relatively good daily activity compared with CSPCD. TSPCD is an alternative to CSPCD for the treatment of @entity409 .

title: Rethinking suprapubic XXXX : new trial with timed drainage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['cystostomy in voiding dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: Management strategy in @entity697 @entity1 initially presenting with @entity733 or mass is surrounded with controversy. This study was performed to identify the outcomes of management for this condition. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed prospectively registered 76 @entity1 (male:female = 39:37; mean age, 50.8 years) with @entity698 presenting with @entity733 or mass over a 9-year period at the Seoul National University Hospital. @entity1 were divided into three groups (emergency operation group, delayed operation group, and follow-up group), and clinical characteristics and outcomes of treatment were investigated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 (36.8%) underwent an emergency operation. Of the remaining 48 @entity1 , 20 (41.7%) were initially treated with conservative management through the use of antibiotics only; the other 28 (58.3%) with and additional ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage of the @entity733 . Twenty-six (54.2%) @entity1 underwent planned operations after conservative management, and 22 (45.8%) were followed without surgery (median duration, 37.8 month), of which 3 (13%) underwent an appendectomy due to @entity698 (mean of 56.7 days after initial attack). There were no statistical differences in types of operation performed (appendectomy or ileocecectomy), @entity260 , and postoperative hospital stay among the @entity1 who underwent emergency operations, delayed operations and operations for recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Although the recurrence rate was relatively low after conservative management for @entity698 @entity1 presenting with @entity733 or mass, there was no difference in surgical outcome between the emergent, elective, or recurrent groups. Our results indicate that proper management of @entity698 with @entity733 or mass can be selected according to surgeon's preference.

title: Management of @entity698 presenting with XXXX or mass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['abscess']


abstract: PURPOSE: Management strategy in @entity697 @entity1 initially presenting with @entity733 or mass is surrounded with controversy. This study was performed to identify the outcomes of management for this condition. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed prospectively registered 76 @entity1 (male:female = 39:37; mean age, 50.8 years) with @entity698 presenting with @entity733 or mass over a 9-year period at the Seoul National University Hospital. @entity1 were divided into three groups (emergency operation group, delayed operation group, and follow-up group), and clinical characteristics and outcomes of treatment were investigated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 (36.8%) underwent an emergency operation. Of the remaining 48 @entity1 , 20 (41.7%) were initially treated with conservative management through the use of antibiotics only; the other 28 (58.3%) with and additional ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage of the @entity733 . Twenty-six (54.2%) @entity1 underwent planned operations after conservative management, and 22 (45.8%) were followed without surgery (median duration, 37.8 month), of which 3 (13%) underwent an appendectomy due to @entity698 (mean of 56.7 days after initial attack). There were no statistical differences in types of operation performed (appendectomy or ileocecectomy), @entity260 , and postoperative hospital stay among the @entity1 who underwent emergency operations, delayed operations and operations for recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Although the recurrence rate was relatively low after conservative management for @entity698 @entity1 presenting with @entity733 or mass, there was no difference in surgical outcome between the emergent, elective, or recurrent groups. Our results indicate that proper management of @entity698 with @entity733 or mass can be selected according to surgeon's preference.

title: Management of XXXX presenting with @entity733 or mass.

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the role of magnetic resonance enteroclysis (MRE) in @entity1 with @entity30 , in order to identify involved segments, define the extension and evaluate transmural alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with known @entity30 were studied with MR (1.5 T), with breath-hold T2-weighted TSE, T2-weighted TSE SPIR and 3D T1-weighted sequences before and after @entity2287 injection (0.2 mmol/kg) in the coronal and axial planes. The small bowel was distended by the administration of 2 l of @entity7522 through a nasojejunal tube and drug induced @entity8814 . Typical patterns of @entity30 , such as @entity10900 , parietal thickening and narrowing of the bowel, @entity384 , fibrofatty proliferation and enlarged lymph nodes were analysed on radiological and MRE images. MRE was performed within 30 days from conventional radiological studies (conventional enteroclysis and small bowel follow-through). RESULTS: Good distension of the bowel wall was obtained in all cases. MRE assessed the presence of parietal thickening and narrowing of the bowel wall (14/18 cases) and the presence of prestenotic dilatation (12/18 cases). Vascular enhancement (14/18 cases), transmural abnormalities (8/18 cases), fibrofatty proliferation (3/18 cases), @entity733 formation (2/18 cases) and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes (6/18 cases) were also observed. MRE missed small fistulas which were visible in radiological studies in two @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: MRE appears to be a promising technique in @entity1 with @entity30 . Due to limited spatial resolution MRE could be a useful adjunct to radiological studies and in following up selected groups of @entity1 with prior known disease.

title: Magnetic Resonance enteroclysis imaging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['prestenotic dilation']

entities_list: @entity10900 :: ('MESH:D009056', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity7522 :: ('MESH:D008747', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcellulose']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: AIMS: To analyze the effect of one interval vaginal delivery on the prevalence of stress @entity322 amongst a cohort of nulliparous @entity1 . METHODS: A cohort of 276 nulliparous @entity1 without @entity322 was recruited consecutively in 1996, after they had vaginal delivery, and were followed-up for @entity322 in 2000. The age, obstetric variables of the 1996 delivery (mode of delivery, genital tract @entity130 , birth weight, @entity1337 , episiotomy, durations of labor, postpartum urinary retention), and the presence of interval vaginal delivery during the follow-up period were recorded. The obstetric factors and the prevalence of @entity3142 at follow-up were then compared between @entity1 with and without interval vaginal delivery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the independence of the obstetric variables in the index pregnancy and the presence of one interval vaginal delivery, with @entity3142 being the dependent variable. RESULTS: A total of 148 (53.6%) @entity1 were followed-up. The prevalence of @entity322 was 28.6% in @entity1 without interval delivery and 21.1% in @entity1 with one interval delivery. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of @entity322 between the two groups (chi(2) test, P = 0.31). Logistic regression showed that none of the obstetric variables or the presence of one interval vaginal delivery was significantly associated with @entity322 . CONCLUSIONS: One interval vaginal delivery does not increase risk of @entity3142 4 years after the index vaginal delivery.

title: Effect of one interval vaginal delivery on the prevalence of stress XXXX : a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['epidural analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: We present the main results from the fifth survey of the Italian screening programmes for @entity14 carried out by the National Centre for Screening Monitoring (Osservatorio Nazionale Screening, ONS) on behalf of the Ministry of Health. By the end of 2008, 87 programmes were active (14 had been activated during the year), and 52,9%of Italians aged 50- 69 years were residing in areas covered by organised screening programmes (theoretical extension). Ten Regions had their whole population covered. In the South of Italy and Islands, 12 new programmes were activated in 2008, including those of Abruzzo and Molise Regions, with an increase of theoretical extension from 7% to 21%. The majority of programmes employ the faecal occult blood test (FOBT), while some have adopted flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) once in a lifetime, or a combination of both. Overall, about 2,593,000 subjects were invited to undergo FOBT, 71%of those to be invited within the year. The adjusted attendance rate was 47.5% and approximately 1,171,000 subjects were screened. Large differences in the attendance rate were observed among Regions, with 10% of programmes reporting values lower than 30%. Positivity rate of FOBT programmes was 5.9% at first screening (range 2.0-11%) and 4% at repeat screening (range 2.9-6.5%). The average attendance rate for total colonoscopy (TC) was 81.3% and in three Regions it was lower than 70%. Completion rate of TC was 92.2%. Among the 665,264 subjects attending screening for the first time, the detection rate (DR) per 1,000 screened subjects was 2.7 for @entity3 and 13.1 for advanced @entity652 ( @entity5066 , @entity652 with a diameter >= 1 cm, with villous/ tubulo-villous type or with high-grade @entity1141 ). As expected, the corresponding figures in the 552,391 subjects at repeat screening were lower (1.3    and 8.3    for @entity3 and @entity5066 , respectively). The DR of @entity5 and @entity652 increased with age and was higher among males. Many programmes reported some difficulties in guaranteeing TC in the appropriate time frame to FOBT+ subjects: in 16.0% of cases the waiting time was longer than two months. Seven programmes employed FS as the screening test: 58.8% of the target population (about 50,000 subjects) were invited and 8,135 subjects were screened, with an attendance rate of 27.2%. Overall, 83% of FS were classified as complete. Overall TC referral rate was 13.5% and the DR per 1,000 screened subjects was 4.7 and 47.5 for @entity3 and @entity5066 , respectively.

title: Screening for XXXX in Italy: 2008 survey.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity3 are increasing with improved survival of @entity1 with @entity157 . However, its treatment outcome, particularly regarding functional outcome, has not been adequately investigated. OBJECTIVE: To present the surgical outcome of spinal @entity157 @entity3 and demonstrate prognostic factors for survival and ambulation time. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 (30 males, 3 females) were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 -Pugh classification was used to assess hepatic function. Preoperatively, 19 @entity1 could ambulate (group A) and 14 @entity1 could not (group B). Preoperatively, 18 @entity1 received conventional fractionated radiotherapy. RESULTS: The spinal @entity3 were removed to achieve sufficient @entity1274 . If destabilization developed, instrumentation and/or vertebroplasty were performed. Postoperatively, conventional radiotherapy was administered to 13 @entity1 . @entity1 survived for 203    31 days. @entity1 -Pugh classification and preoperative/postoperative ambulatory ability were correlated with survival time, with @entity1 -Pugh classification being the most significant factor (hazard ratio, 3.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.38-10.22). After the operation, ambulatory ability was maintained in all group A @entity1 and was recovered in 4 in group B. Twenty-three @entity1 could ambulate for 285    62 days. Preoperative ambulatory status and @entity1 -Pugh classification were correlated with a longer ambulatory period, with preoperative ambulatory status most significant (hazard ratio, 8.62; 95% confidence interval: 2.39-31.04). @entity1 died 81    71 days after the loss of ambulatory ability, regardless of postoperative ambulatory status. CONCLUSION: In spinal @entity157 metastasis, ambulatory status and hepatic function were significantly correlated with survival and ambulation time. Both ambulatory status and hepatic function should be considered in the selection of surgical candidates.

title: Surgical outcome of spinal @entity157 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Spinal hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural decompression']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity3 are increasing with improved survival of @entity1 with @entity157 . However, its treatment outcome, particularly regarding functional outcome, has not been adequately investigated. OBJECTIVE: To present the surgical outcome of spinal @entity157 @entity3 and demonstrate prognostic factors for survival and ambulation time. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 (30 males, 3 females) were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 -Pugh classification was used to assess hepatic function. Preoperatively, 19 @entity1 could ambulate (group A) and 14 @entity1 could not (group B). Preoperatively, 18 @entity1 received conventional fractionated radiotherapy. RESULTS: The spinal @entity3 were removed to achieve sufficient @entity1274 . If destabilization developed, instrumentation and/or vertebroplasty were performed. Postoperatively, conventional radiotherapy was administered to 13 @entity1 . @entity1 survived for 203    31 days. @entity1 -Pugh classification and preoperative/postoperative ambulatory ability were correlated with survival time, with @entity1 -Pugh classification being the most significant factor (hazard ratio, 3.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.38-10.22). After the operation, ambulatory ability was maintained in all group A @entity1 and was recovered in 4 in group B. Twenty-three @entity1 could ambulate for 285    62 days. Preoperative ambulatory status and @entity1 -Pugh classification were correlated with a longer ambulatory period, with preoperative ambulatory status most significant (hazard ratio, 8.62; 95% confidence interval: 2.39-31.04). @entity1 died 81    71 days after the loss of ambulatory ability, regardless of postoperative ambulatory status. CONCLUSION: In spinal @entity157 metastasis, ambulatory status and hepatic function were significantly correlated with survival and ambulation time. Both ambulatory status and hepatic function should be considered in the selection of surgical candidates.

title: Surgical outcome of spinal XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was performed. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of @entity80 arising from @entity2967 of the mobile spine and to discuss the outcome of corresponding surgical and nonsurgical treatment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Giant cell @entity5 are generally benign neoplasms that exhibit @entity146 with a tendency to recur locally. @entity80 are benign, highly vascular osseous lesions. Although both of them have been described separately in previous literatures, few reports have described aneurysmal @entity2968 of the mobile spine. METHODS: Between January 2004 and December 2009, 11 @entity1 were identified with an @entity80 arising from @entity2967 of the mobile spine. Four @entity1 underwent @entity5 resection followed by radiotherapy, and the other 7 @entity1 underwent total @entity5 resection. @entity1 with lesions located below T6 were treated with selective @entity1416 before surgery. Clinical data and the efficacy of surgery were analyzed via chart review RESULTS: Of the eleven @entity1 identified for inclusion in this study, the average age was 33 months (range     14-65 months). The mean length of follow-up was 31 months. Seven @entity1 kept disease-free during the follow-ups. The remaining four @entity1 recurred and one died of local re-recurrence and lung metastasis. CONCLUSION: Unlike primary @entity80 , secondary @entity80 arising from @entity2967 of the mobile spine has a more @entity146 tendency to recurrence locally. Complete resection with systematic radiotherapy should be undertaken for the treatment of aneurysmal @entity2968 of the mobile spine, which is associated with a good prognosis for @entity5 control. As complete or as radical an operation as possible should be performed at first presentation. The best chance for the @entity1 is the first chance. Selective preoperative embolization is advised to minimize intraoperative @entity190 .

title: Aneurysmal XXXX of the mobile spine: a report of 11 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['bone cyst secondary to giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'subtotal tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity80 :: ('MESH:D017824', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysmal bone cysts', 'aneurysmal bone cyst']

answer: @entity2968 :: (MESH:D018212,Disease) :: ['bone cyst secondary to giant cell tumor']


abstract: 58 @entity1 (40 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 ) affected by high-grade @entity543 were examined using automated perimetry and electroretinography. @entity1 ' ages ranged from 53 to 83 years with a mean of 67 years. We examined 29 @entity1 with unilateral and 29 @entity1 with bilateral symptomatic stenosis of carotid arteries and cerebrovascular alterations, without ocular changes. @entity227 were found by 41 @entity1 (70.6%), by 51.3% @entity1 there were mild or middle defects, by 48.7% hard defects. The results using electroretinography showed significant amplitude decrease and prolonged latencies of the oscillatory potentials on ipsilateral side in unilateral cases. Significant decrease of amplitudes @entity50533 in @entity1 after the attack of @entity1939 fugax has been observed too. The critical value of this amplitude was estimated to 37 muV. High-grade stenosis of carotid arteries are accompanied by @entity227 and @entity989 at the time when objective finding on the fundus is normal. The cause of these disorders might be decreased arterial perfusion or microembolization. The perimetry and ERG findings didn't correlate, nevertheless both tests can be useful for detection of early retinal alterations and represent a help-method to determine indications for carotid endarterectomy.

title: [Ocular subclinical changes in significant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual field defects', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['amaurosis']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['electric retinal functions disorders']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: Nasal, nasal-type T-cell/natural killer cell (T/NK-cell) lymphoma is a rare disease, and its prognosis is poor. Between March 1992 and March 2002 we investigated a new @entity4445 -based salvage regimen to treat the disease and improve response to treatment and 5-year overall survival rate. Eighteen @entity1 with refractory midline nasal, nasal-type @entity784 , who were resistant to a @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity617 ( @entity3726 )-like regimen, received an @entity4445 -based salvage regimen ( @entity4445 , @entity1891 , and @entity619 ). Primary involved field radiation was given to the @entity1 after chemotherapy. Ten (55.6%) of the @entity1 achieved complete response (CR). Five @entity1 (27.8%) achieved partial response (PR). The overall response rate (CR + PR) was 83.3%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 55.6%. Results of the preliminary clinical study indicated that the @entity4445 -based salvage regimen significantly improved the response rate and 5-year survival rate. The findings suggested that the therapy is a promising new salvage regimen for treating refractory midline nasal, nasal-type @entity784 .

title: XXXX -based regimen in the treatment of refractory midline nasal/nasal-type @entity784 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T/NK-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity4445 :: (80150,Gene) :: ['L-asparaginase']


abstract: Nasal, nasal-type T-cell/natural killer cell (T/NK-cell) lymphoma is a rare disease, and its prognosis is poor. Between March 1992 and March 2002 we investigated a new @entity4445 -based salvage regimen to treat the disease and improve response to treatment and 5-year overall survival rate. Eighteen @entity1 with refractory midline nasal, nasal-type @entity784 , who were resistant to a @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity617 ( @entity3726 )-like regimen, received an @entity4445 -based salvage regimen ( @entity4445 , @entity1891 , and @entity619 ). Primary involved field radiation was given to the @entity1 after chemotherapy. Ten (55.6%) of the @entity1 achieved complete response (CR). Five @entity1 (27.8%) achieved partial response (PR). The overall response rate (CR + PR) was 83.3%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 55.6%. Results of the preliminary clinical study indicated that the @entity4445 -based salvage regimen significantly improved the response rate and 5-year survival rate. The findings suggested that the therapy is a promising new salvage regimen for treating refractory midline nasal, nasal-type @entity784 .

title: @entity4445 -based regimen in the treatment of refractory midline nasal/nasal-type XXXX .

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T/NK-cell lymphoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the feasibility of employing a self-expanding stent (Neuroform) in treatment of @entity2806 and compared the results of primary and secondary stenting. METHODS: We analyzed the treatment results of 14 acute @entity385 @entity1 (11 @entity1 and three @entity1 ; median age, 65  years) who were treated with Neuroform stents. Seven @entity1 received stent placement for primary recanalization and a further seven for secondary recanalization. We performed between-group comparisons of all of overall procedure duration, recanalization rate immediately after stenting, need for additional measures after stenting, final recanalization rate, occurrence of @entity548 , early re-occlusion rate after 24  h, and 3-month functional recovery rate ( @entity5329 ). RESULTS: The median interval from femoral puncture to stent placement was 61.5  min and was significantly shorter in the primary than in the secondary group (55 vs. 95  min, p   =   0.004). The recanalization rate immediately after stenting was 42.9% and was greater in the primary than in the secondary group (71.4% vs. 14.3%, p   =   0.1). Thirteen @entity1 required various additional therapeutic measures. The final recanalization rate was 78.6%, attributable to improvements in the recanalization rate of the secondary group (71.4% vs. 85.7%). Early @entity548 was noted in four @entity1 , but only one @entity1 became symptomatic (symptomatic @entity548 , 7.1%). Good functional recovery was noted in eight @entity1 (57.1%). CONCLUSION: Placement of a self-expanding stent during endovascular recanalization of acute @entity385 was both feasible and safe. Primary use of this method may enhance early recanalization.

title: Treatment of acute XXXX : feasibility of primary or secondary use of a self-expanding stent (Neuroform) during local intra-arterial thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic transformation', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We present a large study of @entity1 with proximal fibula resection. Moreover we describe a new classification system for @entity5 resection of the proximal fibula independent of the @entity5 differentiation. METHODS: In 57 @entity1 the functional and clinical outcomes were evaluated. The follow-up ranged between six  months and 22.2  years (median 7.2  years). The indication for surgery was @entity5 in ten cases and @entity5 in 47 cases. In 13 of 45 @entity1 , where a resection of the lateral ligament complex was done, knee instability occurred. In 32 @entity1 a resection of the peroneal nerve with resulting @entity912 was necessary. RESULTS: @entity1 with peroneal resection had significantly worse functional outcome than @entity1 without peroneal resection. An ankle foot orthosis was tolerated well by these @entity1 . Three of four @entity1 with pathological @entity174 had local radiation therapy. There was no higher risk of @entity174 in @entity1 with partial tibial resection. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of @entity5 in the proximal fibula can cause knee instability, @entity912 and in cases of local radiation therapy, a higher risk of delayed wound @entity446 and @entity174 . Despite the risks of proximal fibula resection, good functional results can be achieved.

title: Proximal fibula resection in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tibia fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumour', 'tumours', 'benign tumours']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['peroneal palsy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bone tumours']


abstract: Previous European surveys showed the support of healthcare professionals for treatment withdrawal [i.e., artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) in @entity47 (VS) @entity1 ]. The recent definition of @entity47 ( @entity47 ), and possibly research advances (e.g., functional neuroimaging), may have lead to uncertainty regarding potential residual perception and may have influenced opinions of healthcare professionals. The aim of the study was to update the end-of-life attitudes towards VS and to determine the end-of-life attitudes towards @entity47 . A 16-item questionnaire related to @entity1662 , @entity158 and end-of-life issues in chronic (i.e., >1 year) VS and @entity47 and @entity1688 was distributed among attendants of medical and scientific conferences around Europe (n = 59). During a lecture, the items were explained orally to the attendants who needed to provide written yes/no responses. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses identified differences and associations for age, European region, religiosity, profession, and gender. We here report data on items concerning end-of-life issues on chronic VS and @entity47 . Responses were collected from 2,475 @entity1 . For chronic VS (>1 year), 66% of healthcare professionals agreed to withdraw treatment and 82% wished not to be kept alive (P < 0.001). For chronic @entity47 (>1 year), less attendants agreed to withdraw treatment (28%, P < 0.001) and wished not to be kept alive (67%, P < 0.001). @entity47 was considered worse than VS for the @entity1 in 54% and for their families in 42% of the sample. Respondents' opinions were associated with geographic region and religiosity. Our data show that end-of-life opinions differ for VS as compared to @entity47 . The introduction of the diagnostic criteria for @entity47 has not substantially changed the opinions on end-of-life issues on permanent VS. Additionally, the existing legal ambiguity around @entity47 may have influenced the audience to draw a line between expressing preferences for self versus others, by implicitly recognizing that the latter could be a step on the slippery slope to legalize euthanasia. Given the observed individual variability, we stress the importance of advance directives and identification of proxies when discussing end-of-life issues in @entity1 with @entity1662 .

title: Attitudes towards end-of-life issues in XXXX : a European survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['locked-in syndrome']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['MCS', 'minimally conscious state', 'chronic vegetative state']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of consciousness', 'consciousness']

answer: @entity1662 :: (MESH:D003244,Disease) :: ['disorders of consciousness']


abstract: ADEPT (antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy) is a novel therapeutic approach that targets an enzyme into @entity5 to convert a relatively nontoxic prodrug into an active cytotoxic agent. This method has a number of advantages, including the @entity137 , but to date it has not realized its full potential. A critical component of ADEPT is the choice of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) to target the enzyme into the @entity5 mass. Prior studies have utilized MAbs directed against @entity5 cell surface antigens which are oftentimes labile and heterogeneous in nature and do not provide an ideal site for the enzyme. As an alternative approach, we now describe the use of @entity39 ( @entity39 ) MAbs to deliver the enzyme to @entity39 regions of @entity5 in order to enhance the effectiveness of ADEPT. Biodistribution and autoradiographic studies performed using @entity39 MAbs have shown that localization of these antibodies occurs in @entity5 and that binding is retained within the @entity5 mass for extended periods of time. Since @entity39 regions are often located in the center of @entity5 , are universal in nature, and constitute between 30 and 80% of the @entity5 mass, @entity39 MAbs may be ideal targeting agents for ADEPT. To test this hypothesis, fusion proteins consisting of single chain Fv ( @entity10390 ), @entity1334 , or F(ab')2 fragments of chTNT-3 and the @entity1 beta-glucuronidase (betaG) enzyme were constructed for ADEPT. Each of these reagents was tested to assess specificity and avidity of antigen binding as compared to the parental antibody. In addition, studies were performed to demonstrate enzymatic function of the fusion proteins and retention of catalytic activity in circulating blood, specific tissues, and @entity5 after in vivo administration. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies of radiolabeled fusion proteins were conducted over time to evaluate the characteristics of the fusion proteins. Finally, one of the constructs (chTNT-3 @entity1334 /betaG) was used in a pilot treatment study with a glucuronide prodrug of @entity632 to demonstrate the anti- @entity5 activity of ADEPT using the chemoresistant MAD109 @entity19 lung carcinoma @entity5 model transplanted into BALB/c @entity19 . The results of these experiments show that all three constructs retained their antigen binding capability and demonstrated active enzymatic function against substrate in vitro. Moreover, after in vivo administration, the betaG enzyme was shown to localize to @entity5 and remain active for up to 9 days demonstrating a key characteristic of @entity39 targeting. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies confirmed specific localization of the fusion proteins and rapid clearance from blood and normal tissues over time. Finally, therapeutic studies using only two doses of fusion protein followed by prodrug administration demonstrated active @entity137 against @entity5 without systemic @entity137 . These preliminary studies show that the use of @entity39 MAbs to target the enzyme to the @entity5 may be a significant advance in ADEPT and that further studies are warranted to test this novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of solid @entity5 .

title: Chimeric XXXX -3/ @entity1 beta-glucuronidase fusion proteins for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT).

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'reduction of systemic toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'Tumor Necrosis Therapy', 'TNT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['established tumors', 'tumor', 'degenerating cells and necrotic regions of tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['TNT']


abstract: ADEPT (antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy) is a novel therapeutic approach that targets an enzyme into @entity5 to convert a relatively nontoxic prodrug into an active cytotoxic agent. This method has a number of advantages, including the @entity137 , but to date it has not realized its full potential. A critical component of ADEPT is the choice of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) to target the enzyme into the @entity5 mass. Prior studies have utilized MAbs directed against @entity5 cell surface antigens which are oftentimes labile and heterogeneous in nature and do not provide an ideal site for the enzyme. As an alternative approach, we now describe the use of @entity39 ( @entity39 ) MAbs to deliver the enzyme to @entity39 regions of @entity5 in order to enhance the effectiveness of ADEPT. Biodistribution and autoradiographic studies performed using @entity39 MAbs have shown that localization of these antibodies occurs in @entity5 and that binding is retained within the @entity5 mass for extended periods of time. Since @entity39 regions are often located in the center of @entity5 , are universal in nature, and constitute between 30 and 80% of the @entity5 mass, @entity39 MAbs may be ideal targeting agents for ADEPT. To test this hypothesis, fusion proteins consisting of single chain Fv ( @entity10390 ), @entity1334 , or F(ab')2 fragments of chTNT-3 and the @entity1 beta-glucuronidase (betaG) enzyme were constructed for ADEPT. Each of these reagents was tested to assess specificity and avidity of antigen binding as compared to the parental antibody. In addition, studies were performed to demonstrate enzymatic function of the fusion proteins and retention of catalytic activity in circulating blood, specific tissues, and @entity5 after in vivo administration. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies of radiolabeled fusion proteins were conducted over time to evaluate the characteristics of the fusion proteins. Finally, one of the constructs (chTNT-3 @entity1334 /betaG) was used in a pilot treatment study with a glucuronide prodrug of @entity632 to demonstrate the anti- @entity5 activity of ADEPT using the chemoresistant MAD109 @entity19 lung carcinoma @entity5 model transplanted into BALB/c @entity19 . The results of these experiments show that all three constructs retained their antigen binding capability and demonstrated active enzymatic function against substrate in vitro. Moreover, after in vivo administration, the betaG enzyme was shown to localize to @entity5 and remain active for up to 9 days demonstrating a key characteristic of @entity39 targeting. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies confirmed specific localization of the fusion proteins and rapid clearance from blood and normal tissues over time. Finally, therapeutic studies using only two doses of fusion protein followed by prodrug administration demonstrated active @entity137 against @entity5 without systemic @entity137 . These preliminary studies show that the use of @entity39 MAbs to target the enzyme to the @entity5 may be a significant advance in ADEPT and that further studies are warranted to test this novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of solid @entity5 .

title: Chimeric @entity39 -3/ XXXX beta-glucuronidase fusion proteins for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT).

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The transmission of @entity311 by blood transfusion was one of the first transfusion-transmitted infections recorded in the world. Transfusion-transmitted @entity311 may lead to serious problems because infection with @entity3964 may cause rapidly fatal @entity204 . This study aimed to compare real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) with @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) and light microscopy for the detection of @entity3964 spp. in blood transfusion, both in endemic and non-endemic areas of @entity66 in Iran. Two sets of 50 blood samples were randomly collected. One set was taken from blood samples donated in blood bank of Bandar Abbas, a city located in a @entity4759 , and the other set from Tehran, a non-endemic one. Light microscopic examination on both thin and thick smears, RDTs, and real-time PCR were performed on the blood samples and the results were compared. Thin and thick light microscopic examinations of all samples as well as @entity1062 results were negative for @entity3964 spp. Two blood samples from endemic area were positive only with real-time PCR. It seems that real-time PCR as a highly sensitive method can be helpful for the confirmation of @entity281 in different units of blood transfusion organization especially in @entity311 -endemic areas where the majority of donors may be potentially infected with @entity311 parasites.

title: Detection of @entity281 in blood transfusion: a comparative study among real-time PCR, XXXX and microscopy: sensitivity of Malaria detection methods in blood transfusion.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['malaria disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['RDT', 'rapid diagnostic test']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum', 'Plasmodium']

entities_list: @entity4759 :: ('MESH:D006043', 'Disease') :: ['malarious-endemic area']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['rapid diagnostic test']


abstract: The transmission of @entity311 by blood transfusion was one of the first transfusion-transmitted infections recorded in the world. Transfusion-transmitted @entity311 may lead to serious problems because infection with @entity3964 may cause rapidly fatal @entity204 . This study aimed to compare real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) with @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) and light microscopy for the detection of @entity3964 spp. in blood transfusion, both in endemic and non-endemic areas of @entity66 in Iran. Two sets of 50 blood samples were randomly collected. One set was taken from blood samples donated in blood bank of Bandar Abbas, a city located in a @entity4759 , and the other set from Tehran, a non-endemic one. Light microscopic examination on both thin and thick smears, RDTs, and real-time PCR were performed on the blood samples and the results were compared. Thin and thick light microscopic examinations of all samples as well as @entity1062 results were negative for @entity3964 spp. Two blood samples from endemic area were positive only with real-time PCR. It seems that real-time PCR as a highly sensitive method can be helpful for the confirmation of @entity281 in different units of blood transfusion organization especially in @entity311 -endemic areas where the majority of donors may be potentially infected with @entity311 parasites.

title: Detection of XXXX in blood transfusion: a comparative study among real-time PCR, @entity1062 and microscopy: sensitivity of Malaria detection methods in blood transfusion.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['malaria infection']


abstract: Different methods for determining the @entity137 and biodegradability of hazardous compounds evaluating their susceptibility to biological treatment were studied. Several compounds including @entity16648 and herbicides have been evaluated. @entity137 was analyzed in terms of EC50 and by a simple respirometric procedure based on the OECD Method 209 and by the Microtox   bioassay. The values of EC50 obtained from respirometry were in all the cases higher than those from the Microtox   test. The respirometric inhibition values of @entity16648 were related well with the number of @entity3878 atoms and their position in the aromatic ring. In general, herbicides showed lower inhibition, being alachlor the less toxic from this criterion. For determination of biodegradability an easier and faster alternative to the OECD Method 301, with a higher biomass to substrate ratio is proposed. When this test was negative, the Zahn-Wellens one was performed in order to evaluate the inherent biodegradability. In the fast test of biodegradability, @entity73065 and @entity44561 showed a complete biodegradation by an unacclimated sludge upon 48 h. These results together with their low respirometric inhibition, allow concluding that these compounds could be conveniently removed in a WWTP. @entity17031 , @entity29359 , @entity24502 and @entity14457 showed a partial biodegradation upon 28 days by the Zahn-Wellens inherent biodegradability test.

title: Comparison of experimental methods for determination of XXXX and biodegradability of xenobiotic compounds.

entities_list: @entity44561 :: ('MESH:C029107', 'Chemical') :: ['4-chlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity24502 :: ('MESH:C024564', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4,6-trichlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity73065 :: ('MESH:C038861', 'Chemical') :: ['4-chlorocatechol']

entities_list: @entity29359 :: ('MESH:C004762', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dichlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity16648 :: ('MESH:D002733', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophenols']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intragastric balloon is a widely used technique to treat @entity28 that is considered to be more efficient than conservative treatment before bariatric surgery. To describe air-filled balloon (Heliosphere BAG  ) effectiveness [absolute @entity353 , body mass index (BMI) loss, percentage of body @entity353 (BWL), percentage of excess @entity353 (EWL)] and complications 6 months after its insertion. METHODS: Eighty-four consecutive intragastric balloons were placed endoscopically. Individualized nutritional counseling was given. The follow-up was carried out in an endocrinology outpatient clinic. Due to the weight or height data missed in two cases, only 82 @entity1 were included in this report, 63 @entity1 with a mean age 39 years (SD, 11.1); mean BMI, 39.1 kg/m(2) (SD, 5.8). The median follow-up was 182 days. RESULTS: The mean @entity353 and BMI loss were 14.5 kg (SD, 8.2); and 5.3 kg/m(2) (SD, 2.8), respectively (for difference, p   <   0.001). The mean percentage of BWL was 13.4% (SD, 7.0). Of the sample, 70.4% achieved a percentage of BWL >10%. The percentage of EWL reached 33.2% (SD, 19.2). After adjusting by sex and initial BMI, absolute @entity353 (p   =   0.033), BMI loss (p   =   0.034), percentage of BWL (p   =   0.034), and percentage of EWL (p   =   0.034) were inversely related to age. Absolute @entity353 and BMI loss were greater in higher initial BMI, but the percentage of EWL was lower. Two spontaneous deflations occurred (3%), but only one surgical early removal (1.2%) was required. @entity390 and @entity391 developed in 7.4% of the @entity1 during the first week. CONCLUSIONS: Air-filled Heliosphere BAG   has been effective in achieving a relevant loss of body weight.

title: Effectiveness and safety of air-filled balloon Heliosphere BAG   in 82 consecutive XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intragastric balloon is a widely used technique to treat @entity28 that is considered to be more efficient than conservative treatment before bariatric surgery. To describe air-filled balloon (Heliosphere BAG  ) effectiveness [absolute @entity353 , body mass index (BMI) loss, percentage of body @entity353 (BWL), percentage of excess @entity353 (EWL)] and complications 6 months after its insertion. METHODS: Eighty-four consecutive intragastric balloons were placed endoscopically. Individualized nutritional counseling was given. The follow-up was carried out in an endocrinology outpatient clinic. Due to the weight or height data missed in two cases, only 82 @entity1 were included in this report, 63 @entity1 with a mean age 39 years (SD, 11.1); mean BMI, 39.1 kg/m(2) (SD, 5.8). The median follow-up was 182 days. RESULTS: The mean @entity353 and BMI loss were 14.5 kg (SD, 8.2); and 5.3 kg/m(2) (SD, 2.8), respectively (for difference, p   <   0.001). The mean percentage of BWL was 13.4% (SD, 7.0). Of the sample, 70.4% achieved a percentage of BWL >10%. The percentage of EWL reached 33.2% (SD, 19.2). After adjusting by sex and initial BMI, absolute @entity353 (p   =   0.033), BMI loss (p   =   0.034), percentage of BWL (p   =   0.034), and percentage of EWL (p   =   0.034) were inversely related to age. Absolute @entity353 and BMI loss were greater in higher initial BMI, but the percentage of EWL was lower. Two spontaneous deflations occurred (3%), but only one surgical early removal (1.2%) was required. @entity390 and @entity391 developed in 7.4% of the @entity1 during the first week. CONCLUSIONS: Air-filled Heliosphere BAG   has been effective in achieving a relevant loss of body weight.

title: Effectiveness and safety of air-filled balloon Heliosphere BAG   in 82 consecutive @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: I individualize my approach to each @entity1 based upon their understanding of their disease process, acuity of their progression to Stage D @entity712 , clinical setting (hospitalized vs outpatient), and family needs. My first goal is to prove intolerance of traditional therapies for @entity712 by challenging @entity1 with various medication combinations, including staggered dosing regimens and alternatives to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/b-blockers, and by considering cardiac resynchronization therapy if they meet criteria. As @entity1 develop progressive @entity551 and side effects from medicines, I often will discontinue these medicines after careful communication. For @entity1 with @entity712 , I consider cardiac transplantation for those who are candidates and left ventricular assist device as destination therapy for those who are not transplant candidates, both of which require multidisciplinary input from psychiatrists, social workers, nurses, and cardiac surgeons. If @entity1 are not candidates for these advanced therapies, I try to delineate their goals for living and discuss strategies to maximize their survival (however limited) and increase my focus on their quality of life by minimizing unnecessary testing. For the select @entity1 , I use continuous inotrope support only if this improves their quality of life and possibility of having a meaningful existence outside of the hospital. Palliative care consultants are often involved at this stage. For the @entity1 who is clearly at the end of life, I refer to hospice and focus on comfort. Return ambulatory visits and extent of the care received are guided by the preferences of the @entity1 and their family. When there are disparate views of family members, especially when the @entity1 is not cognitively able to participate in the discussion, I tend to be more paternalistic in my approach to therapeutic options in an attempt to possibly dissipate family dynamic problems occurring after the @entity1 dies.

title: End of life care in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['refractory heart failure', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Objective of this study to investigate the impact of NCC upon the quality of life (QoL) compared to other chronic @entity16 , @entity302 and @entity10 . The study group consisted of 114 @entity1 subdivided into four groups: NCC with @entity302 (n  =  48), NCC without @entity302 (n  =  17), @entity302 without NCC (n  =  25) and chronic @entity10 (n  =  24). The QoL was evaluated by direct subjective quantification (scale of 0-10) and FACT-HN IV. NCC had impact on QoL, 53.8% @entity1 dependent and needing help. The impact on QoL did not correlate with the classification of NCC, presence of cysts or @entity730 and with CSF TP or number of WBCs. The presence of @entity308 had a significant impact on the QoL of @entity1 with NCC. Lack of @entity410 control tended to produce an adverse effect on the QoL in the group of NCC and @entity302 . NCC is not a benign disease; it has greater adverse effects on QoL of @entity1 than @entity302 and @entity10 , although without statistical significance. The presence of @entity308 and uncontrolled @entity410 may have impact on QoL. Since asymptomatic @entity1 were not evaluated, the results of this study are not applicable to all individuals with NCC.

title: Quality of life assessment in XXXX with neurocysticercosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Key concepts in @entity1313 immunotherapy are reviewed. "Immunotherapy" can refer to a fully-developed, @entity5 -specific immune response, or to its individual cellular or molecular mediators. The immune response is initiated most efficiently in organized lymphoid tissue. After initiation, antigen-specific T lymphocytes (T cells) survey the tissues--including the brain. If the T cells re-encounter their antigen at a @entity5 site, they can be triggered to carry out their effector functions. T cells can attack @entity5 in many ways, directly and indirectly, through cell-cell contact, secreted factors, and attraction and activation of other cells, endogenous or blood-borne. Recent work expands the list of candidate @entity5 antigens: they are not limited to cell surface proteins and need not be @entity5 -specific. Once identified, @entity5 antigens can be targeted immunologically, or in novel ways. The immune response is under complex regulatory control. Most current work aims to enhance initiation of the response (for example, with @entity5 vaccines), rather than enhancing the effector phase at the @entity5 site. The effector phase includes a rich, interactive set of cells and mediators; some that are not usually stressed are of particular interest against @entity5 in the brain. Within the brain, immune regulation varies from site to site, and local neurochemicals (such as @entity4757 or @entity2227 ) can contribute to local control. Given the complexity of a @entity5 , the brain, and the immune response, animal models are essential, but more emphasis should be given to their limitations and to step-by-step analysis, rather than animal "cures".

title: XXXX immunotherapy: an immunologist's perspective.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'absolutely tumor']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 natural killer (NK) cells are thought to play a role in antiviral response and @entity5 immune surveillance. The molecular mechanisms of down regulation of NK-cell activity observed after red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is still undefined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Both effects of blood transfusion (ex vivo) and supernatants (SNs) derived from RBC units unstored (RBC-0) or stored for 5 or 30 days (RBC-5 or -30, respectively) in vitro were analyzed on NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity. RESULTS: We have found that NK cells isolated from transfused @entity1 on Day 3 lysed the NK-sensitive target cells K562 to a lesser extent than before transfusion. This down regulation of NK-cell activation was evident also for NK-cell killing mediated through the engagement of NK cell-activating receptors as @entity3223 , @entity3221 , @entity3222 , and @entity4071 . Transfused @entity1 reacquired NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity from Day 5 to Day 7 after transfusion. SN from RBC-30, but not from RBC-0 or RBC-5, strongly inhibited the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and lysis of the NK-resistant target cell Jurkat in a dose-dependent manner. @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) blocking antibodies partially restored the generation of LAK activity. In addition, the depletion of both soluble Class I human leukocyte antigens (sHLA-I) and soluble @entity12 (sFasL) from SN of RBC-30 completely restored the generation of LAK activity. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these findings would support the idea that blood transfusion-mediated down regulation of NK-cell activity is mediated by sHLA-I, sFasL, and @entity2533 .

title: Down regulation of @entity1 natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis induced by blood transfusion: role of transforming growth factor-b(1), soluble XXXX , and soluble Class I human leukocyte antigen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

answer: @entity12 :: (356,Gene) :: ['Fas ligand']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 natural killer (NK) cells are thought to play a role in antiviral response and @entity5 immune surveillance. The molecular mechanisms of down regulation of NK-cell activity observed after red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is still undefined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Both effects of blood transfusion (ex vivo) and supernatants (SNs) derived from RBC units unstored (RBC-0) or stored for 5 or 30 days (RBC-5 or -30, respectively) in vitro were analyzed on NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity. RESULTS: We have found that NK cells isolated from transfused @entity1 on Day 3 lysed the NK-sensitive target cells K562 to a lesser extent than before transfusion. This down regulation of NK-cell activation was evident also for NK-cell killing mediated through the engagement of NK cell-activating receptors as @entity3223 , @entity3221 , @entity3222 , and @entity4071 . Transfused @entity1 reacquired NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity from Day 5 to Day 7 after transfusion. SN from RBC-30, but not from RBC-0 or RBC-5, strongly inhibited the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and lysis of the NK-resistant target cell Jurkat in a dose-dependent manner. @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) blocking antibodies partially restored the generation of LAK activity. In addition, the depletion of both soluble Class I human leukocyte antigens (sHLA-I) and soluble @entity12 (sFasL) from SN of RBC-30 completely restored the generation of LAK activity. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these findings would support the idea that blood transfusion-mediated down regulation of NK-cell activity is mediated by sHLA-I, sFasL, and @entity2533 .

title: Down regulation of XXXX natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis induced by blood transfusion: role of transforming growth factor-b(1), soluble @entity12 , and soluble Class I human leukocyte antigen.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: While severe @entity7493 ( @entity7493 ) has been known to depress several immune functions, @entity566 are suppressed by decreasing IgE and impairing vascular permeability and mast cell functions. To address the effect of moderate @entity3147 without @entity851 and protein hypernutrition on type I @entity566 , we examined the effect of various levels of protein nutrition on @entity566 at humoral immunity and the regulation of Th cell function levels. @entity19 fed 100 g/kg (moderate @entity3147 ; MPM), 200 g/kg (normal protein nutrition; PN) and 400 g/kg (protein hypernutrition; PH) protein diets were intraperitoneally sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) in @entity13923 . Higher elevations of OVA-specific IgE and total IgE in the serum were observed in the PH group as compared to the PN group. However, OVA-specific IgE in the MPM group was not significantly different from that in the PN group, although the former appeared higher than the latter. While @entity5168 , @entity1961 , CD8 and @entity8236 expressions in the splenic lymphocytes were decreased in the MPM group, @entity8236 expressions were increased in the PH group. Splenic lymphocyte proliferative responses to OVA were augmented in the PH group and depressed in the MPM group. @entity60 production from splenic lymphocytes was significantly decreased; however, @entity58 production was not affected significantly in the MPM group, and increased in the PH group. These findings suggest that immune functions to specific antigens in the MPM state are depressed at the cytokine level but not in terms of IgE responses. They also suggest that immune functions become Th2-predominant in the PH state, resulting in an increased risk of type I @entity566 .

title: IgE responses in XXXX fed moderate protein deficient and high protein diets.

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein energy malnutrition', 'PEM']

entities_list: @entity13923 :: ('MESH:D000536', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['protein malnutrition']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence of transfusion transmissions of variant @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) cases has reawakened attention to the possible similar risk posed by other forms of @entity3605 . STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity3605 with a definite or probable diagnosis ( @entity13895 , n = 741; @entity74 , n = 175) and no- @entity3605 @entity1 with definite alternative diagnosis (n = 482) with available blood transfusion history were included in the study. The risk of exposure to blood transfusion occurring more than 10 years before disease onset and for some possible confounding factors was evaluated by calculating crude odds ratios (ORs). Variables with significant ORs in univariate analyses were included in multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: In the univariate model, blood transfusion occurring more than 10 years before clinical onset is 4.1-fold more frequent in @entity13895 than in other @entity16 . This significance is lost when the 10-year lag time was not considered. Multivariate analyses show that the risk of developing @entity13895 after transfusion increases (OR, 5.05) after adjusting for possible confounding factors. Analysis conducted on @entity1 with @entity74 did not reveal any significant risk factor associated with transfusion. CONCLUSION: This is the first case-control study showing a significant risk of transfusion occurring more than 10 years before clinical onset in @entity13895 @entity1 . It remains questionable whether the significance of these data is biologically plausible or the consequence of biases in the design of the study, but they counterbalance previous epidemiologic negative reports that might have overestimated the assessment of blood safety in @entity13895 .

title: Transmission of XXXX by blood transfusion: risk factor or possible biases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

entities_list: @entity13895 :: ('MESH:C565143', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic CJD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic CJD']

answer: @entity13895 :: (MESH:C565143,Disease) :: ['sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']


abstract: To compare survival rates and long-term complications after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or treatment with immunosuppressive agents (ISA) in the management of adult @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) and to identify prognostic factors associated with improved survival, we evaluated 229 adult @entity2150 @entity1 treated with ISA from 1990 to 2001 and compared the results with those for 64 BMT recipients. Of 156 @entity1 with severe @entity2150 (SAA) or very severe @entity2150 treated with ISA (antithymocyte globulin [ATG] or ATG plus @entity205 ), 46.8% showed complete or partial response and 7.1% had relapses. After long-term follow-up, 1 case each of @entity3052 , @entity2590 , and @entity7965 developed. The 6-year survival rate was 69%. Response to ISA, disease severity, and low absolute neutrophil count (ANC) (< or = 200/mm3) were associated with poor survival. @entity1 age, sex, initial platelet count, etiology, or treatment regimen did not significantly affect survival. Cox regression analysis showed low ANC to be the only pretreatment variable significantly associated with poor survival (P = .000). Of 64 BMT recipients, 82.8% had sustained engraftment, and 12.5% experienced graft failure. Twenty (31.3%) of the @entity1 developed grade II to IV @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), and 12 (18.8%) of the @entity1 developed chronic @entity2132 . The 6-year survival rate was 79%. @entity1 age and sex, disease severity, etiology, ANC, initial platelet count, and treatment regimen did not affect survival. Survival of 83 @entity2150 @entity1 , aged 14 to 40 years, treated with ISA was not statistically significant from that of 61 adult @entity2150 @entity1 who underwent BMT (6-year survival rate, 65% and 79%, respectively). However, BMT in adult @entity2150 achieved long-term engraftment and a lower relapse rate than ISA. These results suggest that ISA can achieve a high response rate and long-term survival among @entity1 with adult @entity2150 , regardless of disease severity. Further studies with larger numbers of @entity1 and long-term follow-up are needed.

title: Outcome of adult severe or very severe XXXX treated with immunosuppressive therapy compared with bone marrow transplantation: multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: Low anterior resection and abdominoperineal resection are the surgical techniques used most frequently in the treatment of @entity5 . It is our hypothesis that selected @entity1 with @entity1619 stage, well or moderate grade of differentiation, and small @entity5 size are good candidates for transanal excision in terms of minimal morbidity, low recurrence rate, and sphincter preservation. From January 1993 until August 2001 30 @entity1 underwent transanal excision; three @entity1 were excluded because they had histology other than @entity420 . Factors analyzed included those related to the @entity1 [age (years), gender, race, body mass index, and anal tone], @entity5 [size (cm), distance from the anal verge (cm), differentiation, and American Joint Committee on @entity5 stage], and additional treatment. Median follow-up of the group was 40.7 months (range 0.6-99) and the primary end points were local and distant recurrence. Data are presented as mean (range). The median age of the group was 58.9 years (range 27-94); 52 per cent were female and 48 per cent were male. The mean body mass index was 25.9 (range 22.7-36.7). Preoperatively 81, 11, and 4 per cent of the @entity1 had stage I, II, and III/IV @entity5 , respectively. Preoperative size of the @entity5 was 2.0 cm (1-3 cm), and distance from the anal verge was 5.0 cm (3-15 cm). @entity190 was 50 cm3 (5-200 cm3), and there were no operative complications. @entity5 differentiation levels were well (37%) and moderate (63%). All @entity1 had negative margins. Additional treatment consisted of radiation therapy in seven @entity1 (six postoperative and one preoperative). Chemotherapy was given to seven @entity1 (six postoperative and one preoperative). The local recurrence rate was 7.4 per cent (two @entity1 ), and 3.7 per cent recurred distantly (one @entity1 ). Transanal excision of @entity5 in selected @entity1 is an acceptable alternative to formal resection. Important selection criteria include @entity1619 stage, well or moderate differentiation, relatively small @entity5 size, and negative microscopic margins. The roles of radiation and chemotherapy remain controversial.

title: Results of long-term follow-up for transanal excision for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'low rectal cancer', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the prognostic factors and the neck treatment strategy of early @entity957 (SCC). METHODS: Total of 152 cases of early tongue SCC underwent surgery between January 1994 December 2003 were reviewed. The @entity1 , according to their neck managements, were divided into two groups, or wait-whach group (n = 32) and neck dissection group (n = 120), and the neck dissection group was subdivided into supraomohyoid neck dissection (SND) group and @entity135 ( @entity22651 ) group (including radical neck dissection and modified radical neck dissection). RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up over 5 years or until death and the 5-year follow-up rate was 94.7%. The regional recurrence rates of wait-whach group and neck dissection group were 34.4% and 14.2% respectively (  (2) = 6.865, P < 0.01) and 5-year overall survival rates of the two groups were 68% and 79% respectively (  (2) = 1.699, P > 0.05). There were no significant difference in the regional recurrence rate or 5-year survival rate between SND group and @entity22651 group (P > 0.05). The @entity1 with pathologically node positive had a low 5-year survival rate compared to those with node negative. The @entity1 with regional recurrence had a significant low 5-year survival rate compared to @entity1 without regional recurrence (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Occult lymph node @entity3 and regional recurrence were important prognostic factors for early @entity5 . Supraomohyoid neck dissection can not improve the 5-year survival rate, but significantly reduce the rate of neck recurrence. The results suggest that the selective neck dissection for ipsilateral level I-III should be applied to the @entity1 with @entity5772 which does not cross the midline.

title: [Prognostic factors of early XXXX and neck treatment].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive neck dissection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tongue cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['tongue squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['early tongue carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['tongue squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between GNB3C825T gene polymorphism and pediatric @entity907 . METHOD: Syncope group consisted of 54 cases of unexplained @entity1163 in @entity1 , including 18 males and 36 females, at the age of 11.8 years; control group consisted of 54 healthy @entity1 over the same period, of whom 20 were male and 34 female, at the age of 11.2 years. The @entity1 underwent @entity135 ( @entity135 ). According to @entity135 test results, @entity135 -positive group and @entity135 -negative group were further classified. For cases in @entity135 -positive group, based on the changes in blood pressure and in heart rate during @entity135 , vasodepressor, mixed and cardioinhibitory patterns were studied. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood in all the @entity1 . A pair of primers was designed flanking 825 polymorphic loci. Products were recovered by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GNB3 @entity14643 polymorphism was detected by using gene-side GNB3C825T sequencing. Allele distribution between the various groups were studied. RESULT: Among fifty-four @entity1 with @entity1163 , @entity135 was positive in 30 cases, including vasodepressor pattern in 15 cases (50.0%), mixed pattern in 9 cases (30.0%) and cardioinhibitory pattern in 6 cases (20.0%). Whereas the subjects in control group had negative @entity135 response. GNB3C825T allele C in the control and @entity1163 groups was 81.5% and 65.7%, respectively. GNB3C825T allele T in the control and @entity1163 groups was 18.5% and 34.3%, respectively (  (2) = 6.888, P < 0.05). GNB3C825T allele C in @entity135 -positive and negative groups was 61.7% and 81.3%, respectively. And GNB3C825T allele T in @entity135 -positive and negative groups was 38.3% and 18.7%, respectively (  (2) = 4.905, P < 0.05). GNB3C825T allele frequency did not show statistically significant difference among the 3 hemodynamic patterns of VVS (  (2) = 0.658, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Study on GNB3C825T allele frequency in @entity1 with @entity907 is of significant value for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of VVS and provide a molecular biologic basis for its mechanisms.

title: [Association between the polymorphism of GNB3C825T gene and XXXX in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-up tilt test', 'HUTT']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['vasovagal syncope']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Investigate the association between GNB3C825T gene polymorphism and pediatric @entity907 . METHOD: Syncope group consisted of 54 cases of unexplained @entity1163 in @entity1 , including 18 males and 36 females, at the age of 11.8 years; control group consisted of 54 healthy @entity1 over the same period, of whom 20 were male and 34 female, at the age of 11.2 years. The @entity1 underwent @entity135 ( @entity135 ). According to @entity135 test results, @entity135 -positive group and @entity135 -negative group were further classified. For cases in @entity135 -positive group, based on the changes in blood pressure and in heart rate during @entity135 , vasodepressor, mixed and cardioinhibitory patterns were studied. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood in all the @entity1 . A pair of primers was designed flanking 825 polymorphic loci. Products were recovered by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GNB3 @entity14643 polymorphism was detected by using gene-side GNB3C825T sequencing. Allele distribution between the various groups were studied. RESULT: Among fifty-four @entity1 with @entity1163 , @entity135 was positive in 30 cases, including vasodepressor pattern in 15 cases (50.0%), mixed pattern in 9 cases (30.0%) and cardioinhibitory pattern in 6 cases (20.0%). Whereas the subjects in control group had negative @entity135 response. GNB3C825T allele C in the control and @entity1163 groups was 81.5% and 65.7%, respectively. GNB3C825T allele T in the control and @entity1163 groups was 18.5% and 34.3%, respectively (  (2) = 6.888, P < 0.05). GNB3C825T allele C in @entity135 -positive and negative groups was 61.7% and 81.3%, respectively. And GNB3C825T allele T in @entity135 -positive and negative groups was 38.3% and 18.7%, respectively (  (2) = 4.905, P < 0.05). GNB3C825T allele frequency did not show statistically significant difference among the 3 hemodynamic patterns of VVS (  (2) = 0.658, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Study on GNB3C825T allele frequency in @entity1 with @entity907 is of significant value for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of VVS and provide a molecular biologic basis for its mechanisms.

title: [Association between the polymorphism of GNB3C825T gene and @entity907 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Paul MacLean has investigated integrated brain functioning through selected @entity75 in animals that disturb circuits necessary for complex behaviors, such as social displays. MacLean is unique in his comparative neurobehavioral approach that emphasizes the evolutionary origins of parenting and social behaviors and the implications of brain changes in the evolution from reptiles (social displays) to mammals (nursing, audiovocal communication, play) to @entity1 (self-awareness, intentionality, social context) that link affect and cognition. Subjectively, how "looking with feeling toward others," the basic element in empathy, evolved has been a central concern of his. Neuroimaging studies of social cognition, mother- @entity1 communication, moral behavior, forgiveness, and trust are consistent with particular brain systems being activated in cooperative social behaviors. The identification of mirror neurons is pertinent to MacLean's model of isopraxis and studies of thalamocortical resonances may be pertinent to his neurobehavioral models. Studies of behavioral phenotypes in @entity1 @entity245 are consistent with MacLean's model of brain circuits being linked to complex behaviors during development. In @entity2438 , the behavioral phenotype involves disrupted social communication, deviant imaginative play, and motor stereotypies. In @entity24901 ( @entity24901 ), self-injury occurs in individuals with normal sensory systems intact who require and request physical restraint to prevent self-injury; they ask for assistance from others to prevent them from harming themselves. @entity2438 involves the lack of subjective awareness of others intentions and @entity24901 involves a failure in self-regulation and self-control of self-injurious behavior. MacLean's models laid the groundwork for studies focused on understanding brain functioning in these conditions.

title: Social neuroscience, empathy, brain integration, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'man', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic disorder', 'Autism']

entities_list: @entity24901 :: ('MESH:D007926', 'Disease') :: ['Lesch-Nyhan syndrome', 'LNS']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']


abstract: Along the years the treatment of @entity191 with L-dopa has revealed unfavorable effects in general after 5-10 years. This has led to the present criteria for treatment of de novo @entity1 that mainly relay on the age, the general strategy being to delay the use of L-dopa as long as possible. However, this practical approach lacks a scientific basis. In a retrospective study data of 155 @entity1 with @entity191 were analyzed with the goal of finding a clinical marker for the critical time point when L-dopa needs to be administrated. The clinical stage of the @entity1 was assessed using the Hoehn and Yahr (H_Y) scale and the severity of the symptoms was measured using the UPDRS score. The results show that there was no relationship between the age of the @entity1 and the therapy (L-dopa vs. no L-dopa) with regard to the clinical outcome. A significant interaction was found however, between the clinical stage (H_Y) and the therapy. Further analysis of this interaction showed that in the H_Y Stages 1-2.5 the UPDRS scores were lower in the @entity1 groups treated without L-dopa. Remarkably, in the H_Y stages 3 and higher the UPDRS scores were lower in the @entity1 groups treated with L-dopa. These results suggest that the clinical stage of the disease (H_Y) might be a better criterion than the age for the time point when L-dopa needs to be administered in de novo @entity1 .

title: Clinical criteria for the switch of treatment strategies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: AIMS: To describe the experience of using high concentration nitrous @entity8369 ( @entity3727 ) relative @entity1337 administered by nursing staff in @entity1 undergoing minor procedures in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and to demonstrate its safety. METHOD: Data were collected over a 12 month period for all procedures in the @entity341 performed under nurse administered @entity3727 sedation. All @entity1 greater than 12 months of age requiring a minor procedure who had no contraindication to the use of @entity3727 were considered for sedation by this method. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of a major @entity649 or @entity519 during the procedure. Secondary outcome measures were minor complications and the maximum concentration of @entity3727 used. RESULTS: Data were collected for a total of 224 episodes of nurse administered @entity3727 sedation over a 12 month period. In 73.2% of @entity1 no complications were recorded. One major complication was recorded (respiratory distress) and the most common minor complication was mask intolerance in 17%. The mean maximum concentration of @entity3727 used was 60.2%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3727 is a safe analgesic in @entity1 over the age of 1 year undergoing @entity158 or stressful procedures in the @entity341 . It may safely be administered in concentrations of up to 70% by nursing staff after appropriate training.

title: Nurse administered relative @entity1337 using high concentration nitrous oxide to facilitate minor procedures in @entity1 in an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['complication namely respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: AIMS: To describe the experience of using high concentration nitrous @entity8369 ( @entity3727 ) relative @entity1337 administered by nursing staff in @entity1 undergoing minor procedures in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and to demonstrate its safety. METHOD: Data were collected over a 12 month period for all procedures in the @entity341 performed under nurse administered @entity3727 sedation. All @entity1 greater than 12 months of age requiring a minor procedure who had no contraindication to the use of @entity3727 were considered for sedation by this method. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of a major @entity649 or @entity519 during the procedure. Secondary outcome measures were minor complications and the maximum concentration of @entity3727 used. RESULTS: Data were collected for a total of 224 episodes of nurse administered @entity3727 sedation over a 12 month period. In 73.2% of @entity1 no complications were recorded. One major complication was recorded (respiratory distress) and the most common minor complication was mask intolerance in 17%. The mean maximum concentration of @entity3727 used was 60.2%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3727 is a safe analgesic in @entity1 over the age of 1 year undergoing @entity158 or stressful procedures in the @entity341 . It may safely be administered in concentrations of up to 70% by nursing staff after appropriate training.

title: Nurse administered relative XXXX using high concentration nitrous oxide to facilitate minor procedures in @entity1 in an @entity341 .

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: AIMS: To describe the experience of using high concentration nitrous @entity8369 ( @entity3727 ) relative @entity1337 administered by nursing staff in @entity1 undergoing minor procedures in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and to demonstrate its safety. METHOD: Data were collected over a 12 month period for all procedures in the @entity341 performed under nurse administered @entity3727 sedation. All @entity1 greater than 12 months of age requiring a minor procedure who had no contraindication to the use of @entity3727 were considered for sedation by this method. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of a major @entity649 or @entity519 during the procedure. Secondary outcome measures were minor complications and the maximum concentration of @entity3727 used. RESULTS: Data were collected for a total of 224 episodes of nurse administered @entity3727 sedation over a 12 month period. In 73.2% of @entity1 no complications were recorded. One major complication was recorded (respiratory distress) and the most common minor complication was mask intolerance in 17%. The mean maximum concentration of @entity3727 used was 60.2%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3727 is a safe analgesic in @entity1 over the age of 1 year undergoing @entity158 or stressful procedures in the @entity341 . It may safely be administered in concentrations of up to 70% by nursing staff after appropriate training.

title: Nurse administered relative @entity1337 using high concentration nitrous oxide to facilitate minor procedures in XXXX in an @entity341 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most recent publications have shown that the recombinant form of activated factor VII (rFVIIa; NovoSeven, Novo Nordisk A/S, Bagsv  rd, Denmark) induces excellent hemostasis in @entity1 with severe intractable @entity548 caused by @entity130 and major surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of rFVIIa on the treatment of intractable perioperative @entity548 in vascular surgery when conventional hemostatic measures are inadequate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were two groups of @entity1 : the NovoSeven group (group N), 10 @entity1 with @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ) and 14 @entity1 operated on due to @entity2334 ( @entity2334 ); the control group (group C), 14 @entity1 with @entity1755 and 17 @entity1 with @entity2334 . All @entity1 suffered intractable @entity548 refractory to conventional hemostatic measures, while @entity1 from group N were additionally treated with rFVIIa. RESULTS: @entity86 was significantly lower in group N treated with rFVII (P < .0001). Postoperative administration of packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, and platelets was lower in @entity1 from group N, (P < .0001). Successful @entity548 arrest was reported in 21 @entity1 (87.5%) treated with rFVIIa, and in 9 @entity1 (29.03%) in group C (P < .001). Thirty-day mortality in these two groups significantly differed. The mortality rate was 12.5% (3 @entity1 ) in group N and 80.65% (25 @entity1 ) in group C (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that rFVIIa may play a role in controlling the intractable perioperative and @entity86 in surgical @entity1 undergoing a repair of @entity1755 and @entity2334 . Certainly, prospective randomized trials are necessary to further confirm the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of rFVIIa in these @entity1 .

title: Role of recombinant factor VIIa in the treatment of intractable XXXX in vascular surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['RAAAs', 'ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms', 'TAAAs']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative blood loss', 'postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity384 and @entity82 are considered to be important factors in the occurrence and maintenance of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, the relationship between those @entity86 after a maze operation has been rarely studied. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pathological evaluation of atrial tissues was useful for predicting an unsuccessful maze operation in @entity1 with @entity955 . METHODS: Between March 2006 and June 2007, left-atrial tissues in the posterior wall and right-atrial appendage were obtained from 47 consecutive @entity1 (24 @entity1 with chronic @entity955 , and 23 with sinus rhythm) undergoing mitral valve surgery (MVS). A concomitant maze operation was performed for all @entity1 with chronic @entity955 . Atrial cell diameters were measured using @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining, and quantitative assessment of atrial @entity82 was performed with Masson trichrome staining using an image analyzer (Image Processor for Analytical Pathology, Sumika Technoservice Co., Hyogo, Japan). RESULTS: Successful MVS was performed for all @entity1 and there were no complications associated with tissue sampling. @entity1 with chronic @entity955 had more advanced histological features in both atria as compared with those with sinus rhythm. Sixteen of 24 @entity1 , who underwent a maze operation, had successfully restored sinus rhythm (successful maze group), while that in the remaining eight was not restored (unsuccessful maze group). @entity1 in the unsuccessful maze group had a larger left-atrial dimension and cardiothoracic ratio as compared with those in the successful group, whereas the duration of @entity955 was not significantly different. @entity1 in the unsuccessful maze group also had greater hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and more extensive intercellular @entity82 in the left atrium, while there were no differences for right-atrial pathological features between the groups. Multivariate logistic analysis confirmed that a larger amount of @entity82 (>15%) was significantly associated with an unsuccessful maze operation. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggested that advanced @entity82 in the left atrium, but not in the right atrium, might be significantly associated with an unsuccessful maze operation in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: Advanced XXXX is associated with unsuccessful maze operation for valvular @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'left-atrial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['structural remodeling and postoperative sinus conversions']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['valvular AF', 'atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['left-atrial fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity384 and @entity82 are considered to be important factors in the occurrence and maintenance of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, the relationship between those @entity86 after a maze operation has been rarely studied. The purpose of this study was to determine whether pathological evaluation of atrial tissues was useful for predicting an unsuccessful maze operation in @entity1 with @entity955 . METHODS: Between March 2006 and June 2007, left-atrial tissues in the posterior wall and right-atrial appendage were obtained from 47 consecutive @entity1 (24 @entity1 with chronic @entity955 , and 23 with sinus rhythm) undergoing mitral valve surgery (MVS). A concomitant maze operation was performed for all @entity1 with chronic @entity955 . Atrial cell diameters were measured using @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining, and quantitative assessment of atrial @entity82 was performed with Masson trichrome staining using an image analyzer (Image Processor for Analytical Pathology, Sumika Technoservice Co., Hyogo, Japan). RESULTS: Successful MVS was performed for all @entity1 and there were no complications associated with tissue sampling. @entity1 with chronic @entity955 had more advanced histological features in both atria as compared with those with sinus rhythm. Sixteen of 24 @entity1 , who underwent a maze operation, had successfully restored sinus rhythm (successful maze group), while that in the remaining eight was not restored (unsuccessful maze group). @entity1 in the unsuccessful maze group had a larger left-atrial dimension and cardiothoracic ratio as compared with those in the successful group, whereas the duration of @entity955 was not significantly different. @entity1 in the unsuccessful maze group also had greater hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and more extensive intercellular @entity82 in the left atrium, while there were no differences for right-atrial pathological features between the groups. Multivariate logistic analysis confirmed that a larger amount of @entity82 (>15%) was significantly associated with an unsuccessful maze operation. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggested that advanced @entity82 in the left atrium, but not in the right atrium, might be significantly associated with an unsuccessful maze operation in @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: Advanced @entity82 is associated with unsuccessful maze operation for valvular XXXX .

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: A method was developed for the determination of @entity211 ( @entity212 ) in the seals and enamel of Mason lids. After extraction with acidic @entity17058 and methylation, the resulting pentachloroanisole was determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) with electron capture detection (EC). Three of the 9 brands of lids examined contained @entity212 . Levels were as high as 198 micrograms/lid. Recoverires from fortified samples ranged from 92 to 103%. Six fruits and vegetables were canned by home canning techniques, using lids shown to contain @entity212 . @entity212 in these foods was determined by a procedure specifying extraction with acidic @entity17058 and gel permeation chromatography cleanup. Extracts were methylated and determined by GLC-EC. @entity212 was found in all the canned foods. Levels were as high as 16 micrograms/qt. Recoveries from foods fortified with @entity212 ranged from 85 to 94%. The presence of @entity212 was confirmed by GLC-mass spectrometric determination of the derivative, @entity48023 .

title: Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of XXXX in Mason jar lids and home canned foods.

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity48023 :: ('MESH:C015421', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachloroanisole']

answer: @entity211 :: (MESH:D010416,Chemical) :: ['pentachlorophenol']