abstract: OBJECTIVE: Conservative treatment (CT) with flexible ureteroscopy and laser ablation is an alternative to radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for the treatment of the upper urinary tract @entity189 (UTUC). The purpose of this study was to compare the pathology results obtained after immediate RNU or after attempt of CT for elective indication. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in a single tertiary center. All @entity1 who had an RNU for @entity189 between 2007 and 2012 have been included. The @entity1 were classified into two groups: group 1 is immediate RNU, and group 2 is RNU after CT (only elective indications). Preoperative data collected were as follows: age, sex, @entity454 , radiological classification for @entity5 staging (TNM), @entity5 size, localization, and multifocal indication of CT. The pathological RNU data collected were @entity5 stage and grade. The T stage was divided into two groups (primary endpoint): pTa-T1-T2 and pT3-T4. The   (2) test and Mann-Whitney was performed to compare the independent qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 51 @entity1 were included (40 @entity1 in the immediate RNU group and 11 @entity1 in the delayed RNU group after CT). @entity1 in both groups had comparable characteristics regarding age, sex, location, T stage, and preoperative @entity5 grade. On final pathology, 23 @entity5 were classified as pTa-T1-T2 in the immediate RNU group compared with 6 in the delayed RNU group. Seventeen and five @entity5 were classified as T3 in group 1 and group 2, respectively. These results were not significantly different between both groups (p=0.866). The pathological RNU grade was not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this retrospective study, the pathological RNU data showed no significant difference when RNU was done immediately or after CT for UTUC.

title: Immediate Nephroureterectomy or After Attempting Conservative Treatment, on Elective Indications, for Upper Urinary Tract XXXX : Comparison of the Pathology Reports on a Retrospective Monocentric Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney failure']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Urothelial Carcinoma']


abstract: Traumatic @entity2142 after heart valve replacement can be a serious problem. It is commonly associated with either structural @entity2478 . A 63-year-old @entity1 with a six-year history of surgery for mitral stenosis presented with complaints of @entity425 and @entity1353 . She received treatment at other centers three times in the past six months for @entity1353 and @entity417 requiring transfusion of red blood cells. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a normally functioning mitral mechanic prosthesis. Laboratory findings were abnormal for hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, @entity1851 , serum @entity2104 , and @entity880 dehydrogenase. Peripheral blood smear showed marked schistocytes, indicative of mechanical erythrocyte destruction. Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated severe @entity2478 and a large (9x13 mm) vegetation adhering to the prosthetic valve, protruding into the left atrium. @entity797 was isolated from blood cultures. Surgery was planned because of large vegetation, repeated @entity2142 , and severe @entity338 , but the @entity1 refused surgical treatment.

title: XXXX and infective endocarditis in a mitral prosthetic valve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration or paravalvular leaks', 'paravalvular leak']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis', 'intravascular hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2142 :: (MESH:D006461,Disease) :: ['Hemolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intensive insulin therapy with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) devices or @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) reduces the risk of long-term vascular complications of @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). Both treatments are used routinely, but there is little evidence to demonstrate superiority of either treatment. If CSII treatment reduces the risk of long-term complications or is associated with an improved quality of life (QoL), the additional cost of this therapy may be compensated for by a reduction in long-term health expenditure. If there is no demonstrable difference between treatments, health-care resources may be better invested elsewhere. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a pragmatic, @entity23 ( @entity23 ). Fifteen centres, selected to represent a population with a broad demographic, will recruit 316 @entity1 , newly diagnosed with @entity1723 , aged between 7  months and 15  years. Exclusion criteria include additional pathologies or treatments likely to affect glycaemic control and a first-degree relative with @entity1723 . Randomisation to CSII or @entity2794 is stratified for age, gender and recruiting centre. The randomised treatment starts within 15  days of diagnosis. @entity1 will be trained to adjust their insulin dose according to @entity1735 intake and blood @entity413 level. Study visits coincide with routine clinic appointments at 3, 6, 9 and 12  months when data relating to routine clinical assessments, adverse events and concomitant medications are collected. Health utilities questionnaires are completed at each visit and a @entity6 -specific QoL questionnaire (PedsQL) at diagnosis, 6 and 12  months. The primary outcome is glycaemic control (HbA1c) at 12  months. Secondary outcome measures include QoL, insulin use, growth and @entity1017 , adverse events and a health economics appraisal. DISCUSSION: This is the first adequately powered @entity23 comparing CSII and @entity2794 in a non-selected population, treated according to standard practice guidelines. It will produce data that are meaningful to individual @entity1 and local and national policymakers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered with the European Clinical Trials Database on 4 November 2010, reference 2010-023792-25 .

title: Study protocol for a @entity23 of insulin delivery by continuous subcutaneous infusion compared to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomised controlled trial']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes', 'TID']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'multiple daily injections']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['multiple daily injections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intensive insulin therapy with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) devices or @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) reduces the risk of long-term vascular complications of @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). Both treatments are used routinely, but there is little evidence to demonstrate superiority of either treatment. If CSII treatment reduces the risk of long-term complications or is associated with an improved quality of life (QoL), the additional cost of this therapy may be compensated for by a reduction in long-term health expenditure. If there is no demonstrable difference between treatments, health-care resources may be better invested elsewhere. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a pragmatic, @entity23 ( @entity23 ). Fifteen centres, selected to represent a population with a broad demographic, will recruit 316 @entity1 , newly diagnosed with @entity1723 , aged between 7  months and 15  years. Exclusion criteria include additional pathologies or treatments likely to affect glycaemic control and a first-degree relative with @entity1723 . Randomisation to CSII or @entity2794 is stratified for age, gender and recruiting centre. The randomised treatment starts within 15  days of diagnosis. @entity1 will be trained to adjust their insulin dose according to @entity1735 intake and blood @entity413 level. Study visits coincide with routine clinic appointments at 3, 6, 9 and 12  months when data relating to routine clinical assessments, adverse events and concomitant medications are collected. Health utilities questionnaires are completed at each visit and a @entity6 -specific QoL questionnaire (PedsQL) at diagnosis, 6 and 12  months. The primary outcome is glycaemic control (HbA1c) at 12  months. Secondary outcome measures include QoL, insulin use, growth and @entity1017 , adverse events and a health economics appraisal. DISCUSSION: This is the first adequately powered @entity23 comparing CSII and @entity2794 in a non-selected population, treated according to standard practice guidelines. It will produce data that are meaningful to individual @entity1 and local and national policymakers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered with the European Clinical Trials Database on 4 November 2010, reference 2010-023792-25 .

title: Study protocol for a XXXX of insulin delivery by continuous subcutaneous infusion compared to @entity2794 .

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['randomised controlled trial']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previous report demonstrated that the wide abdominal rectus plication abdominoplasty is an effective treatment modality in select @entity1 with @entity1643 who failed to achieve relief with conservative therapy. METHODS: The authors studied eight female @entity1 who presented with @entity1643 and marked lower abdominal wall muscular laxity. All had failed to respond to conservative management for their @entity615 . They all underwent wide abdominal rectus plication abdominoplasty. @entity1 selection and details of the procedure are discussed. RESULTS: There were no significant complications in this series, and all the @entity1 had prompt and @entity615 . Length of follow-up ranged from 2 to 11 years. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the biomechanics of the lower abdominal musculature as a result of the wide abdominal rectus plication abdominoplasty are discussed in the context of increasing spinal stability, leading to an alleviation of @entity1643 . An argument is made that this abdominoplasty procedure produces a spine-stabilizing effect by (1) tightening the muscles of the lateral abdominal complex and thus increasing intraabdominal pressure and (2) increasing the efficiency of these muscles so that their effectiveness as spine stabilizers is increased. Even though this is a small series, the fact that all the @entity1 sustained long-term alleviation of their preoperative @entity615 suggests that the wide abdominal rectus plication abdominoplasty should be considered as an option for @entity1 with weak lower abdominal muscles and intractable @entity1643 who have failed conservative management.

title: Wide abdominal rectus plication abdominoplasty for the treatment of chronic intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged alleviation of their back pain', 'chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine screening results obtained by serial annual behavioral assessment of @entity1 with prenatal drug exposure. METHOD: The Maternal Lifestyle Study enrolled @entity1 with prenatal @entity2072 exposure (PCE) at birth for longitudinal assessments of developmental, behavioral, and health outcomes. At 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 years of age, caregivers rated @entity1 on the @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ). Serial @entity1109 results were compared with an established broad-based behavioral measure at 9, 11, and 13 years. @entity1109 results were analyzed for 1081 @entity1 who had at least 2 annual screens during the 5-year time span. Most subjects (87%) had 4 or more annual screens rated by the same caregiver (80%). @entity1109 scores (and Positive screens) over time were compared at different time points for those with and without PCE. Covariates, including demographic factors and exposures to certain other substances, were controlled. RESULTS: @entity1 with PCE had significantly higher scores overall, with more Positive screens for behavior problems than @entity1 without PCE. @entity1 with PCE had more externalizing behavior problems. @entity1 exposed to @entity286 prenatally and postnatally also showed higher @entity1109 scores. Over time, @entity1109 scores differed slightly from the 8-year scores, without clear directional trend. Earlier @entity1109 results predicted later behavioral outcomes. CONCLUSION: Findings of increased total @entity1109 scores and Positive @entity1109 screens for behavioral concerns in this group of @entity1 with prenatal substance exposure support the growing body of evidence that additional attention to identification of mental health problems may be warranted in this high-risk group.

title: Serial pediatric symptom checklist screening in XXXX with prenatal drug exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'Pediatric Symptom Checklist']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity5642 ( @entity751 , @entity1003 ) is a syndrome which may complicate a number of pathologic states. If clotting factors and platelets are "consumed" more rapidly than the @entity1 can produce them, they may fall to levels which are not adequate for hemostasis. Thus, @entity715 with resulting @entity39 and @entity548 may occur simultaneously in the same @entity1 . Local fibrinolysis (secondary fibrinolysis) may remove or partially remove intravascular thrombi, thus protecting against local tissue @entity39 . Diagnosis of the fulminating syndrome is usually simple and depends upon a few relatively easy tests. If the syndrome is low grade, diagnosis is very difficult and may be impossible without sophisticated techniques. Differential diagnosis from @entity3459 secondary to @entity409 is extremely difficult. Treatment in the fulminating case before intravascular thrombi can cause irreversible tissue damage is urgent. Treatment depends upon therapy of the underlying disease plus adequate heparinization. It may be necessary to administer platelets and blood fractions after heparinization. @entity288 are not contraindicated, particularly when the @entity1 is heparinized. @entity929 ( @entity930 , Amicar) is contraindicated. This drug inhibits local fibrinolysis, which is protective to the @entity1 .

title: Diagnosis and management of disseminated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['consumption coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation defects']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['Disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['Epsilon-amino-caproic acid']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['defibrination syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5642 :: (MESH:D004211,Disease) :: ['intravascular coagulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recently, @entity28 has been connected with wheezing, @entity565 and reduced lung function. Most previous studies have been cross-sectional. The aim of the present follow-up study was to evaluate the association of preceding or current overweight or @entity28 with lung function at early and late school age after early childhood wheezing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From the 100 @entity1 hospitalized for infection associated wheezing at <24 months of age, 83 attended the control visit at 4.0 years, 82 at 7.2 years and 81 at 12.3 years of age. Flow-volume spirometry was performed in 79 @entity1 at 7.2 years and in 80 @entity1 at 12.3 years of age. The weight status was assessed by calculating body mass index (BMI) at all visits. Age- and gender-specific BMI standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS) of >1.3   SD and >2.0   SD were defined to mean overweight and @entity28 , respectively. RESULTS: Overweight at both 7.2 and 12.3 years of age was associated with decreased FEV1 /FVC (forced expiratory volume in 1   sec/forced vital capacity). Overweight and @entity28 at 7.2 years of age were associated with decreased FEV1 /FVC and MEF50 (maximal expiratory flow at 50% of FVC) at 12.3 years of age. The results were similar by continuous and categorized analyses, being robust to adjustments for viral findings during early childhood wheezing and @entity565 maintenance medication at school age. CONCLUSION: Overweight and @entity28 are significant risk factors for reduced lung function at school age after early childhood wheezing. Thus, early-life wheezers should avoid excessive @entity1017 during childhood. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2011; 46:435-441.    2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

title: Lung function and overweight in school aged XXXX after early childhood wheezing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The need for a fundoplication during repair of @entity357 ( @entity357 ) remains unclear. Prevention of @entity354 represents a trade-off against the risk of fundoplication-related side effects. The aim of this trial was to compare laparoscopic mesh-augmented hiatoplasty with simple cardiophrenicopexy (LMAH-C) with laparoscopic mesh-augmented hiatoplasty with fundoplication (LMAH-F) in @entity1 with @entity357 . STUDY DESIGN: The study was designed as a @entity1 - and assessor-blinded randomized controlled pilot trial, registration number: DRKS00004492 (www.germanctr.de/). @entity1 with symptomatic @entity357 were eligible and assigned by central randomization to LMAH-C or LMAH-F. Endpoints were postoperative @entity354 , complications, and quality of life 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 (9 male, 31 female) were randomized. @entity1 were well matched for baseline characteristics. At 3 months, the DeMeester score was higher after LMAH-C compared with LMAH-F (40.9    39.9 vs. 9.6    17; p  = 0.048). At 12 months, the @entity354 score was higher after LMAH-C compared with LMAH-F (1.9    1.2 vs. 1.1    0.4; p  = 0.020). In 53% of LMAH-C @entity1 and 17% of LMAH-F @entity1 , @entity86 was present (p  = 0.026). Values of @entity1282 (2.1    1.6 vs 1.9    1.4; p  = 0.737), gas bloating (2.6    1.4 vs 2.8    1.4; p  = 0.782), and quality of life (116.0    16.2 vs 115.9    15.8; p  =  0.992) were similar. Relevant @entity260 occurred in 4 (10%) @entity1 and did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic repair of @entity357 should be combined with a fundoplication to avoid postoperative @entity354 and resulting @entity2910 . Fundoplication-related side effects do not appear to be clinically relevant. Multicenter randomized trials are required to confirm these findings.

title: Repair of XXXX -Is a Fundoplication Needed? A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['PEH', 'paraesophageal hiatal hernias']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'reflux syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['Paraesophageal Hiatal Hernias']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The impact of duration of T1DM on outcomes following simultaneous @entity8 (PTA) is currently unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 451 pancreas transplants performed at a single institution between January 2003 and April 2013 (SPK n = 238, PAK, n = 97, and PTA, n = 116) were divided into three groups based on cumulative years of T1DM (0-20 years, 21-30 years, and >30 years). Early (7-day) and late (90-day) pancreas allograft loss, @entity1 and pancreas allograft survivals were analyzed. RESULTS: While, PAK was more common in recipients with >30 years of T1DM (29%, p < 0.0047), PTA was more common in recipients with 0-20 years of T1DM (41%, p < 0.0011). In all transplant types, recipients age was significantly higher the longer the duration of @entity6 . Although longer duration of T1DM correlated with a higher rate of major amputations in PAK recipients (p < 0.0032), no difference was observed in SPK or PTA. While early pancreas graft loss was 2-4% in SPK and PAK with shorter or longer T1DM (p = n.s.), it reached to 10% in PTA with T1DM > 30 years (p < 0.0097). Longer duration of T1DM affected late pancreas graft loss in PAK @entity1 (8%, p < 0.0349). @entity1 and death-censored graft survival rates were similar in all types of pancreas transplantation extracted by accumulation of years of T1DM prior to transplant. CONCLUSIONS: Longstanding T1DM does not seem to negatively impact recipient outcomes following all types of pancreas transplantation.

title: Impact of duration of XXXX on outcome following pancreas transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas and kidney transplantation (SPK), pancreas after kidney transplantation (PAK), and pancreas transplantation alone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity3179 are prevalent, challenging wounds; their incidence is rising with the increasing age of the general population. Physical mo- dalities often are used to help heal these chronic wounds. A prospective study was conducted to investigate the application of high-voltage stimu- lation (HVS), ultrasound therapy (US), low-level laser therapy (LLLT, 810 nm, 65 mW, 4 J/cm2), and @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ), with and without surgical intervention; along with standard of care comprising drug therapy (micronized @entity3096 fraction in two 500-mg tablets once daily) and wet dressings of 0.9% @entity2827 on venous leg @entity1066 . METHODS: The 305- @entity1 study was conducted between 1994 and 2008 among @entity1 with @entity3179 in 3 facilities in Poland. After surgery involving crossectomy, partial [short] stripping of the greater or short saphenous vein, local phlebectomy, and ligation of insufficient perforators, 4 groups of @entity1 were treated with the standard of care drug/dressing therapy and HVS, US, LLLT, or @entity2850 , and 1 group received the drug/dressing ther- apy only. Four non-surgical groups received HVS, US, LLLT, or @entity2850 and drug/dressing therapy, and 1 group received drug/dressing therapy only. Changes in wound area and volume were compared among all the groups receiving the various treatments using the Gilman index. In all groups therapy lasted 7 weeks. The computed planimetry method for observation of healing process was used. RESULTS: The Gilman index values at 4 weeks were significantly higher in the compression plus surgery compared with other groups (P = 0.01). After therapy for @entity1 from the @entity2850 + surgery group, the Gilman index was 1.18 cm (P  <= 0.001 compared with other groups). The percentage total surface area regression analysis confirmed that compression plus surgery is the most efficient in venous leg @entity1066 therapy (61.89% reduction after 4 weeks of therapy and 78.19% at the end of study) compared to the other groups (P  <= 0.001). The HVS and US appeared useful only in conservatively treated @entity1 (P < 0.05). The LLLT did not accelerate reduction of the ulceration surface. CONCLUSION: Venous surgery plus @entity2850 is the most effi- cient treatment for @entity3179 . Compression therapy should be provided to both surgically and conservatively non-surgically treated pa- tients. High-voltage stimulation and ultrasound therapy are useful meth- ods in conservative treatment of @entity3179 . For surgically treated @entity1 , these physical modalities are not effective. Low-level laser ther- apy is not an efficient method for treating @entity3179 .    .

title: Using Physical Modalities in the Treatment of XXXX : A 14-year Comparative Clinical Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers', 'venous leg ulcers', 'Venous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression therapy', 'CT']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['Venous Leg Ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fraction of exhaled @entity3810 (FeNO) is a known marker of airway @entity32 and a topic of recent investigation for @entity565 control in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among FeNO and bronchodilator response measured by spirometry and types of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). METHODS: A one-year review of @entity1 tested with spirometry and FeNO in a regional pediatric @entity565 centre was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 183 @entity1 were included (mean [   SD] age 12.8  2.8 years). @entity5023 was used most commonly (n=66 [36.1%]), followed by @entity10924 (n=50 [27.3%]). Most @entity1 (n=73 [39.9%]) had moderate persistent @entity565 . Increased FeNO was associated with percent change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) after bronchodilator adjusted for @entity2023 , parental smoking and ICS type (B=0.08 [95% CI 0.04 to 0.12]; P<0.001). Similarly, FeNO was associated with percent change in forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of the pulmonary volume (FEF25-75) after bronchodilator adjusted for parental smoking and ICS type (B=0.13 [95% CI 0.01 to 0.24]; P=0.03). FeNO accounted for only 16% and 9% of the variability in FEV1 and FEF25-75, respectively. Mean-adjusted FeNO was lowest in @entity5023 users compared with no ICS (mean difference 18.6 parts per billion [ppb] [95% CI 1.0 to 36.2]) and there was no difference in adjusted FeNO level between @entity10924 and no ICS (5.9 ppb [95% CI -9.0 to 20.8]). CONCLUSION: FeNO levels correlated with bronchodilator response in a regional pediatric @entity565 centre. However, FeNO accounted for only 16% and 9% of the variability in FEV1 and FEF25-75, respectively. Mean adjusted FeNO varied according to ICS type, suggesting a difference in relative efficacy between ICS beyond their dose equivalents.

title: Association between fraction of exhaled XXXX , bronchodilator response and inhaled corticosteroid type.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity10924 :: ('MESH:C120481', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclesonide']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluticasone', 'fluticasone']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In January 2013 a novel type of multicomponent protein-based vaccine against @entity7135 was licensed by the European Medicines Agency. With the widespread use of the meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines, serogroup B remains now the major cause of @entity4008 and @entity295 in young @entity1 in Europe. The aim of this study is to investigate the health and the economic outcomes of MenB vaccine introduction into the Italian routine mass vaccination programme. METHODS: The present work is structured in two main parts. Firstly, we assess the epidemiological burden of @entity7135 using official hospitalisation and notification data from two of the most populated Italian regions (Lombardia and Piemonte) during a 6-year study period (2007-2012). Secondly, we evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the immunisation programme in Italy from the public health payer perspective under base case parameters assumptions and performing a comprehensive sensitivity analysis to assess the robustness and the uncertainty of our model results. RESULTS: MenB serotype is responsible for 59% of the 341 cases of Invasive @entity7135 in Lombardia and Piemonte. Incidence rate for @entity281 is estimated to be 0.21/100,000/y resulting at the highest level in @entity1  <=4 years of age. Although the new MenB vaccine can potentially prevent about one third of the disease cases in the Italian population, model results show this strategy is unlikely to be cost-effective ( @entity10679 value over    350,000/QALY) with a vaccine that prevents disease only. These results are robust under most of the sensitivity scenarios except when allowing for lower discount rates. DISCUSSION: The introduction of the novel vaccine into the routine immunisation schedule needs to be carefully evaluated. The new MenB vaccine has the potential to reduce the disease burden at the population level. However, from the Italian Health Service perspective, the immunisation programme is unlikely to be cost-effective at the current incidence levels and vaccine price.

title: Health and economic outcomes of introducing the new MenB vaccine (Bexsero) into the Italian routine XXXX immunisation programme.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['MenB infection']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['Meningococcal Disease', 'group B meningococcal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While bone has a remarkable capacity for regeneration, serious bone @entity130 often results in damage that does not properly heal. In fact, one tenth of all limb @entity174 fail to heal completely due to the extent of the @entity130 , disease, or age of the @entity1 . Our ability to improve bone regenerative strategies is critically dependent on the ability to mimic serious bone @entity130 in test animals, but the generation and stabilization of large @entity79 is technically challenging. In most cases, serious long bone @entity130 is mimicked experimentally by establishing a defect that will not naturally heal. This is achieved by complete removal of a bone segment that is larger than 1.5 times the diameter of the bone cross-section. The bone is then stabilized with a metal implant to maintain proper orientation of the @entity174 edges and allow for mobility. Due to their small size and the @entity2100 of their long bones, establishment of such lesions in @entity19 are beyond the capabilities of most research groups. As such, long @entity79 models are confined to @entity35 and larger animals. Nevertheless, @entity19 afford significant research advantages in that they can be genetically modified and bred as immune-compromised strains that do not reject @entity1 cells and tissue. Herein, we demonstrate a technique that facilitates the generation of a segmental defect in @entity19 femora using standard laboratory and veterinary equipment. With practice, fabrication of the fixation device and surgical implantation is feasible for the majority of trained veterinarians and animal research personnel. Using example data, we also provide methodologies for the quantitative analysis of bone healing for the model.

title: A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions', 'bone defect']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragility']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity320 are highly heterogeneous @entity5 and there is no treatment effective at achieving long-term remission for @entity320 @entity1 . Thus, an appropriate model system for studying @entity320 biology and response to drugs is necessary. It has been shown that composition of the medium is a critical factor in preserving the complexity of the @entity5 in in vitro settings, and melanospheres maintained in stem cell medium are a good model in this respect. In the present study, we observed that not all @entity320 @entity1 -derived cell populations grown in stem cell medium were capable of forming melanospheres, and cell aggregates and anchorage-independent single-cell cultures emerged instead. Self-renewing capacity and unlimited growth potential indicated the presence of cells with stem-like properties in all @entity1 -derived populations but immunophenotype and @entity3060 expression exhibited variability. Enhanced @entity3060 expression and activity was observed in melanospheres in comparison with cell aggregates and single-cell culture, and @entity519 -like conditions that increased the ability of single-cell population to form melanospheres enhanced @entity3060 expression and cell pigmentation as well. Thus, @entity3060 seems to be a critical transcription factor for formation of both @entity1 -derived and @entity519 -induced melanospheres. After 2 years of continuous culturing, melanospheres progressively underwent transition into cell aggregates that was accompanied by changes in expression of several @entity3060 -dependent genes associated with melanogenesis and survival and alterations in the composition of subpopulations but not in the frequency of @entity15156 -positive cells. Several biological properties of parent @entity5 are well preserved in @entity1 -derived melanospheres, but during prolonged culturing the heterogeneity is substantially lost when the melanospheres are substituted by cell aggregates. This should be considered when cell aggregates instead of melanospheres are used in the study of @entity320 biology and cell response to drugs.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 13 April 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.48.

title: Phenotypic diversity of @entity1 -derived XXXX populations in stem cell medium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma', 'nodular melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity320 are highly heterogeneous @entity5 and there is no treatment effective at achieving long-term remission for @entity320 @entity1 . Thus, an appropriate model system for studying @entity320 biology and response to drugs is necessary. It has been shown that composition of the medium is a critical factor in preserving the complexity of the @entity5 in in vitro settings, and melanospheres maintained in stem cell medium are a good model in this respect. In the present study, we observed that not all @entity320 @entity1 -derived cell populations grown in stem cell medium were capable of forming melanospheres, and cell aggregates and anchorage-independent single-cell cultures emerged instead. Self-renewing capacity and unlimited growth potential indicated the presence of cells with stem-like properties in all @entity1 -derived populations but immunophenotype and @entity3060 expression exhibited variability. Enhanced @entity3060 expression and activity was observed in melanospheres in comparison with cell aggregates and single-cell culture, and @entity519 -like conditions that increased the ability of single-cell population to form melanospheres enhanced @entity3060 expression and cell pigmentation as well. Thus, @entity3060 seems to be a critical transcription factor for formation of both @entity1 -derived and @entity519 -induced melanospheres. After 2 years of continuous culturing, melanospheres progressively underwent transition into cell aggregates that was accompanied by changes in expression of several @entity3060 -dependent genes associated with melanogenesis and survival and alterations in the composition of subpopulations but not in the frequency of @entity15156 -positive cells. Several biological properties of parent @entity5 are well preserved in @entity1 -derived melanospheres, but during prolonged culturing the heterogeneity is substantially lost when the melanospheres are substituted by cell aggregates. This should be considered when cell aggregates instead of melanospheres are used in the study of @entity320 biology and cell response to drugs.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 13 April 2015; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2015.48.

title: Phenotypic diversity of XXXX -derived @entity320 populations in stem cell medium.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is associated with high in-hospital morbidity and mortality in @entity3124 @entity1 . Long-term outcomes have received little attention. METHODS: The aim of this study was to characterize @entity8 ( @entity8 ) nexus in @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity810 (RIFLE class F). We performed a single-centre prospective observational study of 425 consecutive @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity810 requiring RRT. None of these @entity1 had pre-existing @entity8 . Primary outcomes were vital status and renal function at hospital discharge and at 5 and 10 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The overall in-hospital mortality of the study cohort was 47%, the mortality rates at 1, 5 and 10 years were 65, 75 and 80%, respectively. At hospital discharge, recovery of renal function was complete in 56% of survivors. None of these @entity1 developed @entity8 during follow-up. Ninety percent of the 100 survivors with partial recovery of renal function had ongoing @entity8 during long-term follow-up. @entity8 progressed to @entity454 ( @entity454 ) in 12 @entity1 (3% of the cohort or 5% of survivors). The @entity1 with post-AKICKD had a higher prevalence of @entity101 , a higher rate of fatal @entity299 and a higher all-cause @entity204 rate. CONCLUSION: Long-term survival of @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity810 requiring RRT is poor and determined by the development of de novo @entity8 . There is a need for close follow-up of @entity1 surviving @entity810 to prevent progressive @entity8 and to reduce associated lethal @entity299 .

title: Long-term outcomes of survivors of ICU XXXX requiring renal replacement therapy: a 10-year prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['AKI-chronic kidney disease', 'CKD', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'Acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases', 'cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: Different rabbit polyclonal antilymphocyte globulins (ATGs) are used in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) to prevent @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). We compared 2 different ATGs in alloHSCT after reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) for @entity1583 . We reviewed 30 alloHSCT for @entity1583 performed between 2007 and 2010 with @entity3118 and i.v. @entity1863 as conditioning regimen. @entity1 alternatingly received Thymoglobulin or ATG-F. Median followup was 3.3 (2.5-4.5) years. Adverse events appeared to occur more frequently during Thymoglobulin infusion than during ATG-F infusion but without statistical significance (P = 0.14). There were also no differences in 3-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), relapse incidence, and transplant related mortality (TRM) in the Thymoglobulin versus ATG-F group: 45.7% versus 46.7%, 40% versus 33.7%, 40% versus 33.3%, and 20% versus 33.3%. The same held for graft failure, rejection, @entity166 , immune reconstitution, and acute or chronic @entity2132 . In @entity1 transplanted for @entity1583 after RIC, the use of Thymoglobulin is comparable to that of ATG-F in all the aspects evaluated in the study. However due to the small number of @entity1 in each group we cannot exclude a possible difference that may exist.

title: Comparing Two Types of Rabbit ATG prior to Reduced Intensity Conditioning Allogeneic Hematopoietic SCT for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GvHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies', 'hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['Hematologic Malignancies']


abstract: In 68 younger de novo @entity1 with the @entity2003 the action of @entity2847 , Sinemet, a combination of these drugs, and @entity18362 with additional @entity2847 or Sinemet medication was investigated over at least a 6-year period. The favorable reaction on Sinemet medication was complicated by the occurrence of @entity910 in the majority of cases as contrasted with the @entity2847 group. @entity910 were mild and not prominent in the combined group. In the sixth year, it appeared necessary to increase the dosage in the first three groups. Temporary complete replacement after 5 years of Sinemet by @entity2847 caused a clinical deterioration, whereas the @entity910 did not (completely) disappear. Both drugs markedly improved the @entity2845 in the @entity18362 group. The results in the old-age category (60 @entity1 ) without high vascular risk were comparable with those of the young @entity1 . The same applied for those @entity1726 @entity1 with high vascular risk, in whom the cerebral circulation could be restored. The final conclusion of this study can be formulated as follows: Primary multitherapy with low dosage @entity2847 and a levodopa preparation may be the therapy of choice. In case of high vascular risk, improvement of the cerebral circulation may be as important as treatment with anti- @entity191 drugs.

title: Low-dosage treatment in de novo @entity1 with XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic-rigid type of PD']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Dyskinesias', 'dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity18362 :: ('MESH:D009966', 'Chemical') :: ['orphenadrine']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: In 68 younger de novo @entity1 with the @entity2003 the action of @entity2847 , Sinemet, a combination of these drugs, and @entity18362 with additional @entity2847 or Sinemet medication was investigated over at least a 6-year period. The favorable reaction on Sinemet medication was complicated by the occurrence of @entity910 in the majority of cases as contrasted with the @entity2847 group. @entity910 were mild and not prominent in the combined group. In the sixth year, it appeared necessary to increase the dosage in the first three groups. Temporary complete replacement after 5 years of Sinemet by @entity2847 caused a clinical deterioration, whereas the @entity910 did not (completely) disappear. Both drugs markedly improved the @entity2845 in the @entity18362 group. The results in the old-age category (60 @entity1 ) without high vascular risk were comparable with those of the young @entity1 . The same applied for those @entity1726 @entity1 with high vascular risk, in whom the cerebral circulation could be restored. The final conclusion of this study can be formulated as follows: Primary multitherapy with low dosage @entity2847 and a levodopa preparation may be the therapy of choice. In case of high vascular risk, improvement of the cerebral circulation may be as important as treatment with anti- @entity191 drugs.

title: Low-dosage treatment in de novo XXXX with @entity191 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate changes in mental health over 2 years in adolescents undergoing gastric bypass. METHODS: Eighty-eight adolescents (65% @entity1 ) aged 13 to 18 years were assessed at baseline @entity676 years after surgery. Generic and @entity28 -specific questionnaires were used to evaluate outcomes in mental health, also in relation to age- and gender-specific norms. RESULTS: Symptoms of @entity148 (P   =   0.001), @entity308 (P   =   0.001), anger (P   =   0.001), and disruptive behavior (P   =   0.022) were significantly reduced at 2 years after surgery, as were @entity28 -related problems (P   <   0.001). Self-esteem (P   <   0.001), self-concept (P   <   0.001), and overall mood (P   =   0.025) improved significantly. Improvements were mainly observed during the first year after surgery. The second year was characterized by stabilization. Symptoms of @entity148 , @entity308 , anger, disruptive behavior, and self-concept were at normative levels after surgery. However, 19% of the adolescents had @entity308 in the clinical range. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial improvement in mental health in adolescents over the first 2 years after gastric bypass was found. Most adolescents had a level of mental health and self-concept similar to norms, but a marked subgroup showed substantial @entity308 2 years after surgery.

title: Two-year trends in psychological outcomes after gastric bypass in adolescents with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors conducted a study to validate the following 3 evidence-based, process-of-care quality measures focused on @entity1547 prevention for @entity1 with an elevated risk of experiencing caries: sealants for 6- to 9-year-olds, sealants for 10- to 14-year-olds, and topical @entity1388 . METHODS: Using evidence-based guidelines, the Dental Quality Alliance developed measures for implementation with administrative data at the plan and program levels. To validate the measures, the authors used data from the Florida and Texas Medicaid programs and @entity1 's Health Insurance Programs and from national commercial dental benefit plans. Data were extracted from 414 randomly selected dental office records to validate the use of administrative data to accurately calculate the measures. The authors also assessed statistically significant variations in overall measure performance. RESULTS: Agreement between administrative data and dental records was 95% for sealants (k  = 0.82) and 90% for topical @entity1388 (k  = 0.78). Sensitivity and specificity were 90.7% and 88.5% for topical @entity1388 and 77.8% and 98.8% for sealants, respectively. Variation in overall measure performance was greatest for topical @entity1388 (  (2)  = 5,887.1; P  < .01); 18% to 37%  of @entity1 with an elevated risk of experiencing caries received at least 2 topical @entity1388 applications during the reporting year. Although there was greater variation in performance for sealants for 6- to 9-year-olds (range, 21.0-31.3%;   (2)  = 548.6; P  < .01) compared with sealants for 10- to 14-year-olds (range, 8.4-11.1%;   (2)  = 22.7; P  < .01), overall sealant placement rates were lower for 10- to 14-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: These evidence-based, caries prevention process-of-care quality measures can be implemented feasibly and validly using administrative claims data. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The measures can be used to assess, monitor, and improve the proportion of @entity1 with an elevated risk of experiencing @entity1547 who receive evidence-based caries prevention services.

title: Measuring quality of dental care: Caries prevention services for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A major problem in the treatment of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 with interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ) is the development of neutralising antibodies (NAbs). High levels of NAbs block the induction of @entity2391 -inducible markers, including Myxovirus Resistance Protein A (encoded by the @entity13434 gene), resulting in a loss of bioactivity and therapeutic benefit. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the in vivo biological response to interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) in @entity15 @entity1 , who have developed neutralising antibodies (NAbs) against @entity2391 . DESIGN/METHODS: The study was an open-label phase II study in 10 @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 with persisting NAbs against @entity2391 and absent in vivo mRNA MxA response. We used in vivo induction of @entity13434 mRNA and other IFN-inducible genes as measure of the biological response. The primary endpoint was the in vivo mRNA @entity13434 response after an injection of @entity3027 compared with the response after an injection of @entity2391 . RESULTS: In all 10 @entity1 we found high @entity13434 expression after injection of @entity3027 6 MIU, indicating a preserved in vivo response to @entity3027 . We measured the gene expression index of immune system genes in blood cells from the 10 NAb-positive @entity1 after @entity3027 treatment and 10 NAb-negative @entity1 after injection of @entity2391 . We found a significantly increased expression of a number of genes, including @entity13434 , @entity5438 , @entity688 and @entity2205 (encoding @entity2205 ) in the NAb-positive @entity1 treated with @entity3027 . INTERPRETATION: @entity3027 could be a therapeutic option in @entity1 , who have lost the biological response to @entity2391 because of NAbs against @entity2391 . ClinicalTrials gov. Identifier: NCT01171209.

title: Preserved in vivo response to interferon-alpha in XXXX @entity1 with neutralising antibodies against interferon-beta (REPAIR study).

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A major problem in the treatment of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 with interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ) is the development of neutralising antibodies (NAbs). High levels of NAbs block the induction of @entity2391 -inducible markers, including Myxovirus Resistance Protein A (encoded by the @entity13434 gene), resulting in a loss of bioactivity and therapeutic benefit. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the in vivo biological response to interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) in @entity15 @entity1 , who have developed neutralising antibodies (NAbs) against @entity2391 . DESIGN/METHODS: The study was an open-label phase II study in 10 @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 with persisting NAbs against @entity2391 and absent in vivo mRNA MxA response. We used in vivo induction of @entity13434 mRNA and other IFN-inducible genes as measure of the biological response. The primary endpoint was the in vivo mRNA @entity13434 response after an injection of @entity3027 compared with the response after an injection of @entity2391 . RESULTS: In all 10 @entity1 we found high @entity13434 expression after injection of @entity3027 6 MIU, indicating a preserved in vivo response to @entity3027 . We measured the gene expression index of immune system genes in blood cells from the 10 NAb-positive @entity1 after @entity3027 treatment and 10 NAb-negative @entity1 after injection of @entity2391 . We found a significantly increased expression of a number of genes, including @entity13434 , @entity5438 , @entity688 and @entity2205 (encoding @entity2205 ) in the NAb-positive @entity1 treated with @entity3027 . INTERPRETATION: @entity3027 could be a therapeutic option in @entity1 , who have lost the biological response to @entity2391 because of NAbs against @entity2391 . ClinicalTrials gov. Identifier: NCT01171209.

title: Preserved in vivo response to interferon-alpha in @entity15 XXXX with neutralising antibodies against interferon-beta (REPAIR study).

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Myocardium salvaged by early thrombolysis and then perfused through a residual stenosis may be at risk for @entity63 events. To investigate this possibility, the short-term (2-week) clinical course of 81 consecutive @entity1 managed within a randomized intracoronary thrombolysis trial was reviewed. All @entity1 underwent coronary angiography within 5 hours of symptoms of @entity583 and were stratified into the following 3 outcome groups: @entity1 with @entity432 (subtotal group, n = 17), those with @entity432 and @entity1188 artery reperfusion (reperfused group, n = 24) and those with continued @entity1188 @entity432 (occluded group, n = 40). Recurrent @entity63 events were defined as spontaneous @entity951 , provokable angina on predischarge exercise testing, and reinfarction. Eleven of 17 @entity1 (65%) in the subtotal and 11 of 23 @entity1 (48%) in the reperfused groups had an @entity63 event (difference not significant). In contrast, 4 of 37 @entity1 (11%) with occlusion had an @entity63 event (p less than 0.01 compared with @entity1 in the subtotal or reperfused groups). Four @entity1 were excluded because of early (within 72 hours) elective coronary bypass surgery or death from pump failure. To eliminate the impact of multivessel @entity453 ( @entity453 ), 39 @entity1 with 1-vessel @entity453 were analyzed separately. Five of 9 @entity1 (56%) in the subtotal group, 3 of 10 (30%) in the reperfused group and only 2 of 20 (10%) in the occluded group had an @entity63 event. These observations suggest the need for a more definitive revascularization strategy for @entity583 .

title: Recurrent early XXXX events after thrombolysis for @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['typical angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['initially subtotal occlusion', 'artery occlusion', 'initial total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Myocardium salvaged by early thrombolysis and then perfused through a residual stenosis may be at risk for @entity63 events. To investigate this possibility, the short-term (2-week) clinical course of 81 consecutive @entity1 managed within a randomized intracoronary thrombolysis trial was reviewed. All @entity1 underwent coronary angiography within 5 hours of symptoms of @entity583 and were stratified into the following 3 outcome groups: @entity1 with @entity432 (subtotal group, n = 17), those with @entity432 and @entity1188 artery reperfusion (reperfused group, n = 24) and those with continued @entity1188 @entity432 (occluded group, n = 40). Recurrent @entity63 events were defined as spontaneous @entity951 , provokable angina on predischarge exercise testing, and reinfarction. Eleven of 17 @entity1 (65%) in the subtotal and 11 of 23 @entity1 (48%) in the reperfused groups had an @entity63 event (difference not significant). In contrast, 4 of 37 @entity1 (11%) with occlusion had an @entity63 event (p less than 0.01 compared with @entity1 in the subtotal or reperfused groups). Four @entity1 were excluded because of early (within 72 hours) elective coronary bypass surgery or death from pump failure. To eliminate the impact of multivessel @entity453 ( @entity453 ), 39 @entity1 with 1-vessel @entity453 were analyzed separately. Five of 9 @entity1 (56%) in the subtotal group, 3 of 10 (30%) in the reperfused group and only 2 of 20 (10%) in the occluded group had an @entity63 event. These observations suggest the need for a more definitive revascularization strategy for @entity583 .

title: Recurrent early @entity63 events after thrombolysis for XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Of a population of 400 @entity1 treated with @entity2643 , 97 underwent thyroid function evaluation. Of these, 20 @entity1 proved to be @entity3935 and 16 @entity1375 . In @entity3935 @entity1 , symptoms developed 2 to 36 months after starting treatment with @entity2643 , the most specific laboratory finding being a high total T3 (TT3). No antithyroid treatment proved useful. Thyroid function returned to normal 3 to 7 months after stopping @entity2643 therapy. In the @entity1375 group, a high thyroid-stimulating hormone was the most specific laboratory finding. These @entity1 were treated with substitute therapy with or without withdrawal of @entity2643 . The @entity1496 content of the thyroid gland in part of this population taking @entity2643 was measured by in vivo x-ray fluorescence. @entity1 in whom @entity2743 developed showed especially high @entity1496 contents. During treatment with @entity2643 , @entity1 at high risk of @entity2743 were recognized by increasing TT3 values and higher @entity1496 thyroid levels. A reduction in maintenance dose should be considered in this specific population.

title: XXXX -induced thyroid gland dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['Amiodarone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The United States is in the midst of an unprecedented @entity734 . Illicit use of prescription medicine, predominantly opioids, has become one of the nation's fastest-growing drug problems. We have conducted a retrospective review of prescription opioid fatalities in New York City (NYC) prior to the introduction of a 2013 law intended to curtail prescription drug abuse. Over the 2  years of our study, there were 1286 chemical intoxication fatalities in NYC. Of these, 547 (42.5  %) were associated with prescription opioids (6.5/100,000 population). @entity284 was most frequently encountered followed by @entity1288 . Only 36.7  % of decedents had a valid opioid prescription. Of non-opioid medications associated with the prescription opiate @entity204 , @entity1245 were the most frequently encountered (68.4  %), and @entity1401 (35.1  %) was most common. Though prescribers have no control over drug diversion they should be cognizant of the urgent public health concern regarding prescription @entity4784 and associated fatalities and attempt to identify doctor shoppers and limit prescription of these potent drugs to those with a legitimate need for @entity158 control. They also need to be aware of the high incidence of fatalities due to combined opioid and @entity1245 use/abuse and refrain from prescribing them in tandem.

title: Prescription opioid related XXXX in New York City: a 2  year retrospective analysis prior to the introduction of the New York State I-STOP law.

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid abuse']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['alprazolam']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['Methadone']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug epidemic']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: Neutrophils play a key role in host defense against invading pathogens by releasing toxic agents, such as ROS and antimicrobial peptides. @entity1 neutrophils express several TLRs that recognize a variety of microbial motifs. The interaction between TLR and their agonists is believed to help neutrophils to recognize and to kill pathogens efficiently by increasing their activation, a process called priming. However, excessive activation can induce tissue injury and thereby, contribute to inflammatory disorders. Agonists that activate @entity6438 and @entity22879 induce priming of neutrophil ROS production; however, which receptor is involved in this process has not been elucidated. In this study, we show that the selective @entity22879 agonist, @entity72134 (3M002), induced a dramatic increase of fMLF-stimulated @entity1113 activation, whereas the selective @entity6438 agonist, @entity72135 , failed to induce any priming effect. Interestingly, @entity72134 , but not @entity72135 , induced the phosphorylation of the @entity1113 cytosolic component @entity20995 on several serines and the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and @entity1366 . The inhibitor of p38MAPK completely blocked @entity72134 -induced phosphorylation of @entity20995 Ser345. Moreover, @entity72134 , but not @entity72135 , induced the activation of the @entity1521 isomerase @entity41543 , and @entity57276 , a @entity41543 inhibitor, prevented @entity72134 -mediated priming of fMLF-induced @entity224 production. These results indicate that @entity22879 , but not @entity6438 , is involved in priming of @entity1 neutrophil ROS production by inducing the phosphorylation of @entity20995 and p38MAPK and that @entity41543 is also involved in this process.

title: @entity22879 , but not XXXX , induces the priming of the NADPH oxidase activation in @entity1 neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity72135 :: ('MESH:C068562', 'Chemical') :: ['loxoribine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity6438 :: (51284,Gene) :: ['TLR7']


abstract: Neutrophils play a key role in host defense against invading pathogens by releasing toxic agents, such as ROS and antimicrobial peptides. @entity1 neutrophils express several TLRs that recognize a variety of microbial motifs. The interaction between TLR and their agonists is believed to help neutrophils to recognize and to kill pathogens efficiently by increasing their activation, a process called priming. However, excessive activation can induce tissue injury and thereby, contribute to inflammatory disorders. Agonists that activate @entity6438 and @entity22879 induce priming of neutrophil ROS production; however, which receptor is involved in this process has not been elucidated. In this study, we show that the selective @entity22879 agonist, @entity72134 (3M002), induced a dramatic increase of fMLF-stimulated @entity1113 activation, whereas the selective @entity6438 agonist, @entity72135 , failed to induce any priming effect. Interestingly, @entity72134 , but not @entity72135 , induced the phosphorylation of the @entity1113 cytosolic component @entity20995 on several serines and the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and @entity1366 . The inhibitor of p38MAPK completely blocked @entity72134 -induced phosphorylation of @entity20995 Ser345. Moreover, @entity72134 , but not @entity72135 , induced the activation of the @entity1521 isomerase @entity41543 , and @entity57276 , a @entity41543 inhibitor, prevented @entity72134 -mediated priming of fMLF-induced @entity224 production. These results indicate that @entity22879 , but not @entity6438 , is involved in priming of @entity1 neutrophil ROS production by inducing the phosphorylation of @entity20995 and p38MAPK and that @entity41543 is also involved in this process.

title: XXXX , but not @entity6438 , induces the priming of the NADPH oxidase activation in @entity1 neutrophils.

answer: @entity22879 :: (51311,Gene) :: ['TLR8']


abstract: Neutrophils play a key role in host defense against invading pathogens by releasing toxic agents, such as ROS and antimicrobial peptides. @entity1 neutrophils express several TLRs that recognize a variety of microbial motifs. The interaction between TLR and their agonists is believed to help neutrophils to recognize and to kill pathogens efficiently by increasing their activation, a process called priming. However, excessive activation can induce tissue injury and thereby, contribute to inflammatory disorders. Agonists that activate @entity6438 and @entity22879 induce priming of neutrophil ROS production; however, which receptor is involved in this process has not been elucidated. In this study, we show that the selective @entity22879 agonist, @entity72134 (3M002), induced a dramatic increase of fMLF-stimulated @entity1113 activation, whereas the selective @entity6438 agonist, @entity72135 , failed to induce any priming effect. Interestingly, @entity72134 , but not @entity72135 , induced the phosphorylation of the @entity1113 cytosolic component @entity20995 on several serines and the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and @entity1366 . The inhibitor of p38MAPK completely blocked @entity72134 -induced phosphorylation of @entity20995 Ser345. Moreover, @entity72134 , but not @entity72135 , induced the activation of the @entity1521 isomerase @entity41543 , and @entity57276 , a @entity41543 inhibitor, prevented @entity72134 -mediated priming of fMLF-induced @entity224 production. These results indicate that @entity22879 , but not @entity6438 , is involved in priming of @entity1 neutrophil ROS production by inducing the phosphorylation of @entity20995 and p38MAPK and that @entity41543 is also involved in this process.

title: @entity22879 , but not @entity6438 , induces the priming of the NADPH oxidase activation in XXXX neutrophils.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity16745 ejaculates are usually collected in field conditions and may need to be shipped to a laboratory for the application of reproductive biotechnologies before cryopreservation. The aim of this study was to extend the prefreezing step to 48  hours (1  hour vs. long-term storage [LS] to 24 and 48  hours) to enable the sample to be transported. The effects of storage temperature (experiment 1), @entity653 concentration (experiment 2), and dilution rate (experiment 3) on sperm were evaluated. Electroejaculates from @entity16745 were stored under different experimental conditions and cryopreserved. The sperm motility and viability, apoptotic status, and acrosomal status of sperm were assessed before freezing (prefreezing), after thawing, and after 2-hour incubation at 37    C (thermal stress test). In all experiments, one control sample was frozen using a standard protocol (control). In experiment 1, three temperatures during LS with 6% @entity653 were tested: 5    C (T5), 15    C (T15), and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ). The LS-T5 sample yielded the highest postthawing results for viability (42.4%), progressive motility (15.6%), and intact acrosome (83.1%) after 24 hours in comparison with the other temperatures (P  <  0.05); for 48 hours, the LS-T5 sample reached higher total and progressive motility (25.9% and 9%, respectively) and nonapoptotic values (36.5%). Recovery rates revealed susceptibility to freezing at LS-15 or LS- @entity1054 samples at 24 hours (viability) or 48 hours ( @entity1319 ). In experiment 2, samples were stored at 5    C up to 48  hours and three @entity653 concentrations were evaluated: 0% (0Gly), 3% (3Gly), and 6% (6Gly). Postthawing @entity1319 increased progressively with the percentage of @entity653 for 24 hours at 5    C; 6% @entity653 during 48-hour storage had beneficial effects on sperm cryopreservation. Besides, 6% @entity653 had a clearly superior freezability for viability (42.7% and 40.8% for 24  hours and 48  hours, respectively) and motility (24  hours: total, 44.1%; progressive, 17.1%; 48  hours: total, 38.4%; progressive, 16%). In experiment 3, samples were stored up to 48 hours at 5    C with 6% of @entity653 and two dilution methods were evaluated: dilution 1:1 (average: 1782  *  10(6) sperm/mL; low) or final dilution (100  *  10(6) sperm/mL; high). Both dilution rates showed similar postthawing and postincubation results within 24 hours of long-term storage. After 48  hours, high dilution supported better postthawing quality. Both dilutions showed similar resistance to cryopreservation, except after 48  hours, when the high dilution reached a higher percent recovery rate of viability (38.8% vs. 21.6%, P  <  0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that the best conditions for long-term prefreezing storage (up to 48 hours) of @entity16745 electroejaculates are at 5    C, at a concentration of 100  *  10(6) sperm/mL, and with 6% @entity653 .

title: Optimization of conditions for long-term prefreezing storage of XXXX sperm before cryopreservation.

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'room temperature']

entities_list: @entity16745 :: ('9644', 'Species') :: ['brown bears', 'brown bear', 'Brown bear']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['viability and motility']

answer: @entity16745 :: (9644,Species) :: ['brown bear']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to determine the survival of anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty with uncemented metal-backed (MB) glenoid components with a @entity691 (PE) insert in @entity571 , to assess the reasons for revision surgery, and to identify @entity1 and diagnostic factors that influence failure rates. METHODS: Between 1994 and 1999, 165 @entity1 (mean age, 68  years) with @entity571 were treated with anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty using an uncemented MB/PE glenoid component. Outcomes were assessed both clinically and radiologically with a minimum of 2  years of follow-up. A prosthetic survival curve was constructed with the end point defined as either partial or complete revision, using 100% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Survival rate free of revision was 46% (100% confidence interval, 32%-54%) at 12  years. At a mean follow-up of 8.5  years (range, 2-16  years), revision was required in 61 @entity1 (37%); 80% of shoulders undergoing revision (49 of 61) had evidence of PE wear. Glenoid loosening (because of @entity3061 secondary to @entity3356 ), soft tissue deficiency, and prosthetic instability were the most common modes of failure. Younger @entity1 and biconcave glenoids (with posterior humeral subluxation) have a negative effect on implant survival. Proximal humerus @entity3061 was significantly more frequent in shoulders with PE wear. Exchange of the PE insert (with conservation of the MB tray) was possible in only 3% of the revised shoulders. CONCLUSION: Uncemented MB glenoid resurfacing is not a viable long-term therapeutic option because of accelerated PE wear leading to early revision surgery. Conservation of the MB tray with reinsertion of a new PE insert is rarely possible because of glenoid @entity604 , implant loosening, soft tissue deficiency, and prosthetic instability. Younger @entity1 and biconcave glenoids have a negative effect on implant survival.

title: Metal-backed glenoid implant with XXXX insert is not a viable long-term therapeutic option.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['primary osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3356 :: ('MESH:D057085', 'Disease') :: ['wear debris']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: CONTEXT: Although @entity1 are exposed to @entity48953 ( @entity25053 ) in their diet, there is no available literature related to drug interaction and the carcinogen-activating potential of @entity25053 in the HepG2 cell line. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the effects of @entity25053 on the @entity4914 , @entity5321 , @entity5060 , and @entity5322 enzymes, which are primarily involved in carcinogen and drug metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity137 of @entity25053 in HepG2 cells was investigated by measuring the cleavage of WST-1. The protein and mRNA levels of CYPs were determined by western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: The EC10, EC25, and EC50 values of @entity25053 were calculated to be 1.84, 3.91 and 7.39   mM, respectively. A sublethal dose of 5   mM was used throughout this study. The @entity4914 protein and mRNA levels were increased by 52 and 40% (p   <   0.05), as were the @entity5321 levels by 225 and 424%, respectively (p   <   0.05). However, @entity25053 treatment caused 52 and 60% decreases in the levels of @entity5322 protein and mRNA (p   <   0.05), respectively. In contrast to @entity5322 , the @entity5060 protein and mRNA levels increased by 110 and 130%, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Co-administration of @entity25053 with some drugs may lead to undesirable food-drug interactions due to modulatory effects on @entity12325 isozymes involved in drug metabolism. Moreover, exposure to @entity25053 may cause an @entity101 and @entity137 due to the induction of the @entity12325 isozymes involved in chemical @entity105 . Therefore, serious precautions should be taken when using @entity25053 as a supplement.

title: Modulatory actions of @entity48953 on carcinogen-activating XXXX isozymes and the potential for drug interactions in @entity1 hepatocarcinoma cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in carcinogenicity']

entities_list: @entity48953 :: ('CHEBI:18125', 'Chemical') :: ['o-coumaric acid']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity12325 :: (4051,Gene) :: ['cytochrome P450']


abstract: CONTEXT: Although @entity1 are exposed to @entity48953 ( @entity25053 ) in their diet, there is no available literature related to drug interaction and the carcinogen-activating potential of @entity25053 in the HepG2 cell line. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the effects of @entity25053 on the @entity4914 , @entity5321 , @entity5060 , and @entity5322 enzymes, which are primarily involved in carcinogen and drug metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity137 of @entity25053 in HepG2 cells was investigated by measuring the cleavage of WST-1. The protein and mRNA levels of CYPs were determined by western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: The EC10, EC25, and EC50 values of @entity25053 were calculated to be 1.84, 3.91 and 7.39   mM, respectively. A sublethal dose of 5   mM was used throughout this study. The @entity4914 protein and mRNA levels were increased by 52 and 40% (p   <   0.05), as were the @entity5321 levels by 225 and 424%, respectively (p   <   0.05). However, @entity25053 treatment caused 52 and 60% decreases in the levels of @entity5322 protein and mRNA (p   <   0.05), respectively. In contrast to @entity5322 , the @entity5060 protein and mRNA levels increased by 110 and 130%, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Co-administration of @entity25053 with some drugs may lead to undesirable food-drug interactions due to modulatory effects on @entity12325 isozymes involved in drug metabolism. Moreover, exposure to @entity25053 may cause an @entity101 and @entity137 due to the induction of the @entity12325 isozymes involved in chemical @entity105 . Therefore, serious precautions should be taken when using @entity25053 as a supplement.

title: Modulatory actions of XXXX on carcinogen-activating @entity12325 isozymes and the potential for drug interactions in @entity1 hepatocarcinoma cells.

answer: @entity48953 :: (CHEBI:18125,Chemical) :: ['o-coumaric acid']


abstract: CONTEXT: Although @entity1 are exposed to @entity48953 ( @entity25053 ) in their diet, there is no available literature related to drug interaction and the carcinogen-activating potential of @entity25053 in the HepG2 cell line. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the effects of @entity25053 on the @entity4914 , @entity5321 , @entity5060 , and @entity5322 enzymes, which are primarily involved in carcinogen and drug metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity137 of @entity25053 in HepG2 cells was investigated by measuring the cleavage of WST-1. The protein and mRNA levels of CYPs were determined by western blotting and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: The EC10, EC25, and EC50 values of @entity25053 were calculated to be 1.84, 3.91 and 7.39   mM, respectively. A sublethal dose of 5   mM was used throughout this study. The @entity4914 protein and mRNA levels were increased by 52 and 40% (p   <   0.05), as were the @entity5321 levels by 225 and 424%, respectively (p   <   0.05). However, @entity25053 treatment caused 52 and 60% decreases in the levels of @entity5322 protein and mRNA (p   <   0.05), respectively. In contrast to @entity5322 , the @entity5060 protein and mRNA levels increased by 110 and 130%, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Co-administration of @entity25053 with some drugs may lead to undesirable food-drug interactions due to modulatory effects on @entity12325 isozymes involved in drug metabolism. Moreover, exposure to @entity25053 may cause an @entity101 and @entity137 due to the induction of the @entity12325 isozymes involved in chemical @entity105 . Therefore, serious precautions should be taken when using @entity25053 as a supplement.

title: Modulatory actions of @entity48953 on carcinogen-activating @entity12325 isozymes and the potential for drug interactions in XXXX hepatocarcinoma cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare percutaneous suture-mediated closure (PSMC) with surgical closure in endovascular @entity449 repair and examine the influence of @entity28 , sheath size, and vessel calcification on the effectiveness of percutaneous closure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 445 @entity1 (mean age, 75.9    7.6 years) undergoing @entity449 repair from 2003 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 100 PSMC and 557 surgical closures for arteriotomies with sheath sizes between 12 F and 18 F were compared in terms of failure, complications, and operating room time. Additionally, effects of @entity729 , body mass index, and sheath size on PSMC were evaluated. RESULTS: Eighty-five percent of PSMCs were successful. Failure was attributed to lack of hemostasis in 11 and difficulty in device positioning in four cases. Complication rate after successful PSMC (9.4%) was significantly less than surgery (19.4%) (P = .02).When failed PSMC cases were considered as complication, the complication rate was not different between the two groups (P = .4). @entity2080 occurred more after surgical closures (11.4% vs 1.2%; P = .001). @entity2849 occurred more after PSMC (3.5% vs 0.18%; P = .008).Average PSMC procedure time was less than that of surgical closure (P = .0001). PSMC success rate was 89.7% for < 16-F sheaths and 80.4% for >=  16-F sheaths (P = .15). PSMC success was not different between @entity28 and nonobese @entity1 (P = .22). PSMC success in calcified and noncalcified arteries was not different (P = .37). CONCLUSIONS: PSMC is an effective arterial closure method. It is faster and associated with less postprocedure morbidity than surgery. Appropriate technique and meticulous vascular exposure affect PSMC success. Obesity, @entity729 , and sheath size did not change PSMC outcome in this study.

title: Percutaneous suture-mediated closure versus surgical XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['arterial calcification', 'vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['arteriotomy in endovascular aortic aneurysm']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity11708 can be associated with severe @entity158 in which nerve conduction may have a key role. Medical management of painful @entity11708 is generally unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of intralesional botulinum toxin A in the management of @entity158 associated with @entity11708 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study conducted from January 5, 2009, to March 27, 2014. The setting was a single-center study at the National Institutes of Health among @entity1 18 years or older with @entity11708 characterized by @entity158 at least once weekly and @entity158 of at least 4 on a @entity158 scale ranging from 0 to 10. INTERVENTIONS: Eighteen @entity1 were randomized to receive intralesional botulinum toxin A (5 U per 1 cm2) or equivalent volumes of intralesional saline placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcomes were the differences in average lesional @entity158 assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory and visual analog scale before and after ice provocation over a 4-week period. RESULTS: No significant difference in average lesional @entity158 was observed between the study arms. @entity158 was reported in the botulinum toxin vs placebo arms by visual analog scale scores before ice provocation (median, 0.00; range, -3.30 to 0.70 for botulinum toxin and median, 0.40; range, -1.30 to 1.50 for placebo; P   =   .06); however, this finding was nonsignificant. No significant difference was observed in change in @entity158 after ice provocation. A significant difference was seen between the arms in skin-related quality of life by total Dermatology Life Quality Index (median, -4.00; range, -8.00 to 2.00 for botulinum toxin and median, 0.00; range, -1.00 to 4.00 for placebo; P   =   .007) and with the specific @entity158 -related question on the Dermatology Life Quality Index (median, -1.00; range, -2.00 to 1.00 for botulinum toxin and median, 0.00; range, -1.00 to 0.00 for placebo; P   =   .048). No significant difference was found in @entity158 as ascertained by @entity1 Global Impression of Change at week 4. No serious adverse events related to botulinum toxin use were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The use of botulinum toxin to treat painful @entity11708 was associated with improved quality of life and with a trend toward improved @entity158 at rest. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00971620.

title: Efficacy of Intralesional Botulinum Toxin A for Treatment of Painful XXXX : A Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity11708 :: ('OMIM:150800', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leiomyomas', 'Cutaneous leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal pain', 'Decreased pain', 'pain', 'skin pain']

answer: @entity11708 :: (OMIM:150800,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous Leiomyomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pituitary @entity3 are rare and commonly described in case reports or small case series. Due to its rarity this entity is not subject to standardized treatment guidelines, there is debate about typical initial symptoms that may lead to finding the correct diagnosis and information about the clinical course is also sparse. METHODS: We have conducted a retrospective analysis of @entity1 with pituitary @entity3 who were surgically treated via a transsphenoidal procedure at our institution between 2006 and 2014. Underlying @entity66 , clinical and surgical course as well as adjuvant radiotherapy and follow-up data are presented. RESULTS: 14 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria (8 female, 6 male). Mean age was 61.5  years. Most @entity1 became symptomatic with visual symptoms-both @entity227 and/or @entity892 (n  =  13)-and @entity1887 (n  =  8). Surprisingly @entity2010 was only seen in three @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent transsphenoidal surgery initially, four @entity1 had to undergo surgery for @entity41 or recurrence, two of them via a transcranial route. @entity0 was the most common entity (n  =  6), followed by @entity263 (n  =  3), nsclc (n  =  2) and @entity320 , @entity259 and @entity703 in one case each. Postoperative MRI showed gross total resection in four cases and @entity66 in eight cases (subtotal resection, partial resection and biopsy), two @entity1 files were incomplete regarding MRI-results. All @entity1 underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. Survival after the initial diagnosis of @entity5 was 36 and 16  months after diagnosis of pituitary @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that transsphenoidal surgery is a safe method to resect pituitary @entity3 and that the extend of resection does not have an influence on survival time. Our results also indicate that @entity2010 may not be the most common initial symptom of pituitary @entity3 and lack thereof should not lead to making a wrong diagnosis and delaying appropriate therapy.

title: Surgical management of pituitary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'primary disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['anterior lobe insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Introduction. Dissection of the myocardium is a rare form of @entity7086 , caused by a hemorrhagic dissection among the spiral myocardial fibers, its diagnosis is rarely established before the operation or @entity204 , and extremely few cases have been reported in the literature and none of these cases seem to have a history of previous cardiac surgery which makes our report unique. Case Presentation. A 61-year-old female @entity1 was admitted into the emergency room with complaints of progressive @entity662 for 2 days. She had a history of second time prosthetic aortic valve replacement and was under anticoagulation therapy. She was diagnosed with an acute inferoposterior @entity583 and underwent emergency coronary angiography revealing spontaneous recanalization of the right coronary artery. During the follow-up, she developed @entity1455 and a new occurring systolic ejection murmur. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a left ventricular free wall @entity397 ; then, she was taken in for emergency surgery. During the operation, a @entity397 zone and a wide intramyocardial dissecting area were detected. Intraventricular patch repair technic with autologous pericardial patch was used to exclude the @entity397 . Following the warming period, despite adequate hemostasis, @entity548 around suture lines progressively increased, leading to the @entity1 's @entity204 . Conclusion. @entity2294 might contain left @entity9009 leading to intramyocardial dissection.

title: Intramyocardial Dissection following Postinfarction XXXX Contained by Surrounding Postoperative Adhesions.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular rupture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['Pericardial adhesions']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'ruptured area']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity9009 :: (MESH:D018658,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Wall Rupture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Microglia are a proliferative population of resident brain macrophages that under physiological conditions self-renew independent of hematopoiesis. Microglia are innate immune cells actively surveying the brain and are the earliest responders to injury. During aging, microglia elicit an enhanced @entity1200 also referred to as 'priming'. To date, it remains unknown whether @entity3207 affects the proliferative capacity and induces priming of microglia. We addressed this issue using early (first-generation G1 @entity21324 (-/-) )- and late-generation (third-generation G3 and G4 @entity21324 (-/-) ) telomerase-deficient @entity19 , which carry a homozygous deletion for the telomerase RNA component gene ( @entity21324 ). Late-generation @entity21324 (-/-) microglia show @entity3207 and decreased proliferation efficiency. Under physiological conditions, gene expression and functionality of G3 @entity21324 (-/-) microglia are comparable with microglia derived from G1 @entity21324 (-/-) @entity19 despite changes in morphology. However, after intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), G3 @entity21324 (-/-) microglia @entity19 show an enhanced pro-inflammatory response. Nevertheless, this enhanced inflammatory response was not accompanied by an increased expression of genes known to be associated with age-associated microglia priming. The increased inflammatory response in microglia correlates closely with @entity32 , a loss of blood-brain barrier integrity, and infiltration of immune cells in the brain parenchyma in this @entity19 model of @entity3207 .

title: Enhanced microglial pro-inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide correlates with brain infiltration and blood-brain barrier dysregulation in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['increased peripheral inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['telomere shortening']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['innate immune response']

answer: @entity3207 :: (MESH:C535850,Disease) :: ['telomere shortening']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Microglia are a proliferative population of resident brain macrophages that under physiological conditions self-renew independent of hematopoiesis. Microglia are innate immune cells actively surveying the brain and are the earliest responders to injury. During aging, microglia elicit an enhanced @entity1200 also referred to as 'priming'. To date, it remains unknown whether @entity3207 affects the proliferative capacity and induces priming of microglia. We addressed this issue using early (first-generation G1 @entity21324 (-/-) )- and late-generation (third-generation G3 and G4 @entity21324 (-/-) ) telomerase-deficient @entity19 , which carry a homozygous deletion for the telomerase RNA component gene ( @entity21324 ). Late-generation @entity21324 (-/-) microglia show @entity3207 and decreased proliferation efficiency. Under physiological conditions, gene expression and functionality of G3 @entity21324 (-/-) microglia are comparable with microglia derived from G1 @entity21324 (-/-) @entity19 despite changes in morphology. However, after intraperitoneal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), G3 @entity21324 (-/-) microglia @entity19 show an enhanced pro-inflammatory response. Nevertheless, this enhanced inflammatory response was not accompanied by an increased expression of genes known to be associated with age-associated microglia priming. The increased inflammatory response in microglia correlates closely with @entity32 , a loss of blood-brain barrier integrity, and infiltration of immune cells in the brain parenchyma in this @entity19 model of @entity3207 .

title: Enhanced microglial pro-inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide correlates with brain infiltration and blood-brain barrier dysregulation in a XXXX model of @entity3207 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is the most common adult primary @entity1313 . Despite aggressive multimodal therapy, the survival of @entity1 with @entity463 remains dismal. However, recent evidence has demonstrated the promise of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-hMSCs) as a therapeutic delivery vehicle for anti- @entity11 agents due to their ability to migrate or home to @entity1 @entity11 . While several studies have demonstrated the feasibility of harnessing the homing capacity of BM-hMSCs for targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics, it is now also evident, based on clinically relevant @entity11 stem cell (GSC) models of GBMs, that BM-hMSCs demonstrate variable tropism toward these @entity5 . In this study, we compared the lipid environment of GSC xenografts that attract BM-hMSCs (N = 9) with those that do not attract (N = 9) to identify lipid modalities that are conducive to homing of BM-hMSC to GBMs. We identified lipids directly from tissue by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 ) of lipid extracts. Several species of signaling lipids, including phosphatidic acid (PA 36:2, PA 40:5, PA 42:5, and PA 42:7) and diacylglycerol (DAG 34:0, DAG 34:1, DAG 36:1, DAG 38:4, DAG 38:6, and DAG 40:6), were lower in attracting xenografts. Molecular lipid images showed that PA (36:2), DAG (40:6), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were decreased within @entity5 regions of attracting xenografts. Our results provide the first evidence for lipid signaling pathways and lipid-mediated @entity5 inflammatory responses in the homing of BM-hMSCs to GSC xenografts. Our studies provide new fundamental knowledge on the molecular correlates of the differential homing capacity of BM-hMSCs toward GSC xenografts.

title: ESI- XXXX / @entity15 and MALDI-IMS Localization Reveal Alterations in Phosphatidic Acid, Diacylglycerol, and DHA in Glioma Stem Cell Xenografts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']