abstract: We compared the effectiveness and incidence of nephrotoxicity of @entity869 - @entity2890 and @entity3524 in 73 cirrhotics who had severe @entity2348 . Most of these @entity1 had @entity298 . @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I included 36 @entity1 treated with @entity869 - @entity2890 and Group II comprised 37 @entity1 treated with @entity3524 . @entity1 from both groups were similar with respect to clinical data, standard liver and renal function tests, types of @entity281 and isolated organisms. Ninety-two per cent of bacteria isolated in Group I and 98% of those isolated in Group II were susceptible in vitro to @entity869 - @entity2890 and to @entity3524 , respectively. @entity869 - @entity2890 cured the @entity281 in 56% of Group I @entity1 , and @entity3524 in 85% of Group II @entity1 (p less than 0.02). Five @entity1 treated with @entity869 - @entity2890 , and none treated with @entity3524 developed superinfections (p = 0.024). Nephrotoxicity ( @entity8 associated with an increase of urinary @entity2262 to over 2,000 micrograms per liter) occurred in two @entity1 in Group I and none in Group II. These results suggest that broad-spectrum cephalosporins should be considered as first choice antibiotics in cirrhotic @entity1 with severe @entity281 .

title: @entity3524 is more effective than is @entity869 - XXXX in cirrhotics with severe @entity281 .

answer: @entity2890 :: (MESH:D014031,Chemical) :: ['tobramycin']


abstract: We compared the effectiveness and incidence of nephrotoxicity of @entity869 - @entity2890 and @entity3524 in 73 cirrhotics who had severe @entity2348 . Most of these @entity1 had @entity298 . @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I included 36 @entity1 treated with @entity869 - @entity2890 and Group II comprised 37 @entity1 treated with @entity3524 . @entity1 from both groups were similar with respect to clinical data, standard liver and renal function tests, types of @entity281 and isolated organisms. Ninety-two per cent of bacteria isolated in Group I and 98% of those isolated in Group II were susceptible in vitro to @entity869 - @entity2890 and to @entity3524 , respectively. @entity869 - @entity2890 cured the @entity281 in 56% of Group I @entity1 , and @entity3524 in 85% of Group II @entity1 (p less than 0.02). Five @entity1 treated with @entity869 - @entity2890 , and none treated with @entity3524 developed superinfections (p = 0.024). Nephrotoxicity ( @entity8 associated with an increase of urinary @entity2262 to over 2,000 micrograms per liter) occurred in two @entity1 in Group I and none in Group II. These results suggest that broad-spectrum cephalosporins should be considered as first choice antibiotics in cirrhotic @entity1 with severe @entity281 .

title: @entity3524 is more effective than is XXXX - @entity2890 in cirrhotics with severe @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin', 'Ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous peritonitis and/or bacteremia']

answer: @entity869 :: (MESH:D000667,Chemical) :: ['ampicillin']


abstract: We compared the effectiveness and incidence of nephrotoxicity of @entity869 - @entity2890 and @entity3524 in 73 cirrhotics who had severe @entity2348 . Most of these @entity1 had @entity298 . @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I included 36 @entity1 treated with @entity869 - @entity2890 and Group II comprised 37 @entity1 treated with @entity3524 . @entity1 from both groups were similar with respect to clinical data, standard liver and renal function tests, types of @entity281 and isolated organisms. Ninety-two per cent of bacteria isolated in Group I and 98% of those isolated in Group II were susceptible in vitro to @entity869 - @entity2890 and to @entity3524 , respectively. @entity869 - @entity2890 cured the @entity281 in 56% of Group I @entity1 , and @entity3524 in 85% of Group II @entity1 (p less than 0.02). Five @entity1 treated with @entity869 - @entity2890 , and none treated with @entity3524 developed superinfections (p = 0.024). Nephrotoxicity ( @entity8 associated with an increase of urinary @entity2262 to over 2,000 micrograms per liter) occurred in two @entity1 in Group I and none in Group II. These results suggest that broad-spectrum cephalosporins should be considered as first choice antibiotics in cirrhotic @entity1 with severe @entity281 .

title: @entity3524 is more effective than is @entity869 - @entity2890 in cirrhotics with severe XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32117 ( @entity32117 ) syndrome is a rare disease of unknown etiology defined by the combination of @entity1986 , @entity1596 , and biochemical abnormalities. It has been reported that @entity32117 mainly affects adolescents and young @entity1 . Here we reported a special case regarding a 60-year-old @entity1 with @entity810 due to @entity32117 documented by renal biopsy.We present a rare case of an elderly @entity1 , who had been suffering from a fever for 2 weeks, characterized by sudden onset and resolving spontaneously, and accompanied by extreme fatigue, @entity1277 , and shivering. Renal biopsy showed a @entity1986 , with polymorphonuclear infiltration and acute @entity9538 . In the outpatient clinic, he was diagnosed with idiopathic bilateral anterior @entity1596 1 month ago. Ophthalmological examination revealed anterior asymptomatic @entity1596 . Human @entity8167 *0101/0201 and @entity3098 *0303/0503) was found which supported the suspect of @entity32117 . The @entity1 was treated with oral @entity229 (1mg/kg) and continued for 8 weeks on tapering doses. Serum @entity1011 normalized within 3 and 6 months later renal function also recovered completely.This case highlights that @entity32117 is probably an underdiagnosed disease responsible for some cases of @entity6990 in elderly male @entity1 . It is of critical importance to be aware of this syndrome by nephrologist and ophthalmologists in this special population. Further studies are needed to elucidate clinical characteristic and pathogenesis of @entity32117 in elderly population.

title: @entity1986 and XXXX Syndrome in an Elderly @entity1 : Case Report and Literature Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity9538 :: ('MESH:D007673', 'Disease') :: ['tubulitis']

entities_list: @entity6990 :: ('MESH:D014606', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic anterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8167 :: ('3117', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing (HLA-DQA1']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity32117 :: ('MESH:C536922', 'Disease') :: ['TINU syndrome', 'TINU', 'Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['Uveitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32117 ( @entity32117 ) syndrome is a rare disease of unknown etiology defined by the combination of @entity1986 , @entity1596 , and biochemical abnormalities. It has been reported that @entity32117 mainly affects adolescents and young @entity1 . Here we reported a special case regarding a 60-year-old @entity1 with @entity810 due to @entity32117 documented by renal biopsy.We present a rare case of an elderly @entity1 , who had been suffering from a fever for 2 weeks, characterized by sudden onset and resolving spontaneously, and accompanied by extreme fatigue, @entity1277 , and shivering. Renal biopsy showed a @entity1986 , with polymorphonuclear infiltration and acute @entity9538 . In the outpatient clinic, he was diagnosed with idiopathic bilateral anterior @entity1596 1 month ago. Ophthalmological examination revealed anterior asymptomatic @entity1596 . Human @entity8167 *0101/0201 and @entity3098 *0303/0503) was found which supported the suspect of @entity32117 . The @entity1 was treated with oral @entity229 (1mg/kg) and continued for 8 weeks on tapering doses. Serum @entity1011 normalized within 3 and 6 months later renal function also recovered completely.This case highlights that @entity32117 is probably an underdiagnosed disease responsible for some cases of @entity6990 in elderly male @entity1 . It is of critical importance to be aware of this syndrome by nephrologist and ophthalmologists in this special population. Further studies are needed to elucidate clinical characteristic and pathogenesis of @entity32117 in elderly population.

title: XXXX and @entity1596 Syndrome in an Elderly @entity1 : Case Report and Literature Review.

answer: @entity1986 :: (MESH:D009395,Disease) :: ['Tubulointerstitial Nephritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32117 ( @entity32117 ) syndrome is a rare disease of unknown etiology defined by the combination of @entity1986 , @entity1596 , and biochemical abnormalities. It has been reported that @entity32117 mainly affects adolescents and young @entity1 . Here we reported a special case regarding a 60-year-old @entity1 with @entity810 due to @entity32117 documented by renal biopsy.We present a rare case of an elderly @entity1 , who had been suffering from a fever for 2 weeks, characterized by sudden onset and resolving spontaneously, and accompanied by extreme fatigue, @entity1277 , and shivering. Renal biopsy showed a @entity1986 , with polymorphonuclear infiltration and acute @entity9538 . In the outpatient clinic, he was diagnosed with idiopathic bilateral anterior @entity1596 1 month ago. Ophthalmological examination revealed anterior asymptomatic @entity1596 . Human @entity8167 *0101/0201 and @entity3098 *0303/0503) was found which supported the suspect of @entity32117 . The @entity1 was treated with oral @entity229 (1mg/kg) and continued for 8 weeks on tapering doses. Serum @entity1011 normalized within 3 and 6 months later renal function also recovered completely.This case highlights that @entity32117 is probably an underdiagnosed disease responsible for some cases of @entity6990 in elderly male @entity1 . It is of critical importance to be aware of this syndrome by nephrologist and ophthalmologists in this special population. Further studies are needed to elucidate clinical characteristic and pathogenesis of @entity32117 in elderly population.

title: @entity1986 and @entity1596 Syndrome in an Elderly XXXX : Case Report and Literature Review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Man']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case study. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the remodeling potential of the kyphotic @entity1517 in the pediatric spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Nonsurgical reduction and immobilization is the gold standard for the @entity174 in infancy. However, the reduction occasionally results in incomplete repositioning of the odontoid process. The cervical spine is subsequently immobilized until fusion in most cases in the hope of achieving remodeling with the growth of the remaining displacement and kyphotic angulation, although there are no precise data on the acceptable limit of the deformity. METHODS: Three @entity1 (age at injury = 1 year 2 months to 3 years) with odontoid process @entity174 in infancy were treated conservatively and the @entity174 were observed on plain lateral radiographs until at least the age of 20 years. For evaluation of the angulated odontoid process, we used our original measurement method of the odontoid process tilting angle (OPTA). In addition, the OPTAs were also measured in 127 Japanese adult @entity1 (57 male @entity1 and 70 female @entity1 ; average age = 43 years) without a history of @entity174 , as normal controls. RESULTS: The OPTA in the normal controls was -21.4      23.3  . The OPTAs ranged from 41   to 62   at the initial evaluation, from 12   to 30   at the time of bony union, and from -4   to -14   at the final follow-up at more than 20 years of age, which were all within one standard deviation of the mean in the normal adult controls. CONCLUSION: @entity174 with the OPTA around 30   at the time of bony union in @entity1 younger than 3 years of age could have the capacity for remodeling to the normal morphology. No surgical reduction might be needed to recommend complete apposition of the odontoid process in the absence of severe or deteriorating @entity73 .

title: Remodeling capacity of XXXX in kyphotic angulation in infancy: an observation up to maturity in three @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neural impairment']

entities_list: @entity1517 :: ('MESH:D017759', 'Disease') :: ['malunited odontoid fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Angulated odontoid fractures', 'odontoid fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1517 :: (MESH:D017759,Disease) :: ['malunited odontoid process fractures']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case study. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the remodeling potential of the kyphotic @entity1517 in the pediatric spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Nonsurgical reduction and immobilization is the gold standard for the @entity174 in infancy. However, the reduction occasionally results in incomplete repositioning of the odontoid process. The cervical spine is subsequently immobilized until fusion in most cases in the hope of achieving remodeling with the growth of the remaining displacement and kyphotic angulation, although there are no precise data on the acceptable limit of the deformity. METHODS: Three @entity1 (age at injury = 1 year 2 months to 3 years) with odontoid process @entity174 in infancy were treated conservatively and the @entity174 were observed on plain lateral radiographs until at least the age of 20 years. For evaluation of the angulated odontoid process, we used our original measurement method of the odontoid process tilting angle (OPTA). In addition, the OPTAs were also measured in 127 Japanese adult @entity1 (57 male @entity1 and 70 female @entity1 ; average age = 43 years) without a history of @entity174 , as normal controls. RESULTS: The OPTA in the normal controls was -21.4      23.3  . The OPTAs ranged from 41   to 62   at the initial evaluation, from 12   to 30   at the time of bony union, and from -4   to -14   at the final follow-up at more than 20 years of age, which were all within one standard deviation of the mean in the normal adult controls. CONCLUSION: @entity174 with the OPTA around 30   at the time of bony union in @entity1 younger than 3 years of age could have the capacity for remodeling to the normal morphology. No surgical reduction might be needed to recommend complete apposition of the odontoid process in the absence of severe or deteriorating @entity73 .

title: Remodeling capacity of @entity1517 in kyphotic angulation in infancy: an observation up to maturity in three XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The expression of @entity3334 and @entity2843 was studied in 10 benign cartilage-forming @entity5 (5 osteochondromas and 5 chondromas) and 39 @entity511 (14 central, 4 periosteal, 7 dedifferentiated, and 14 secondary @entity5 ). No expression of MMP and @entity2843 was detected in benign cartilage-forming @entity5 . In @entity511 , the expression of @entity3334 was detected in 84.6%, of @entity1476 in 71.8, of @entity1495 in 97.4, and of @entity2843 in 82.4% cases, the levels of expression of these markers varied from 10 to 60%. The expression of @entity3334 was not associated with @entity1 gender, maximum size and degree of differentiation of the @entity5 , but was linked with age. The expression of @entity3334 was more often detected in central and dedifferentiated @entity511 ; the expression of @entity3334 (+) was significantly associated with 3-year relapse-free and 5-year overall survival of the @entity1 . The expression of @entity3334 in the @entity5 was associated with unfavorable course of the disease. The values of @entity1476 expression in @entity511 did not reflect the main clinical morphological characteristics of the disease and its prognosis. The level of @entity1495 protein expression in @entity511 >= 40% is prognostically unfavorable, while <40% is a favorable factor for 3-year relapse-free survival. The risk of disease relapse within 1 year after the beginning of therapy was maximum in T3 @entity5 with expression of @entity1495 protein >= 40%. No relationships between the parameters of @entity2843 expression in @entity511 and the main clinical morphological characteristics of the disease and its prognosis were detected.

title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 9 and their tissue inhibitor-1 in cartilage-forming XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'osteal tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['osteal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study examines whether quality of life measured with non-disease specific instruments is altered by @entity231 surgery and whether the effect is modulated by the presence of @entity2194 or other non-ocular issues. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 were assessed pre- and at three months post- @entity231 surgery. @entity227 was measured with the Visual Disability Assessment. Quality of life was measured using two established generic instruments: the Cantril Ladder and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). Subjects were also asked to report any events that may have influenced their quality of life in the three months after surgery. RESULTS: Visual acuity and @entity227 were significantly improved by surgery (p < 0.01). Cantril Ladder score was significantly improved after surgery (p = 0.04). The POMS score improved significantly after surgery, only when cases with @entity2194 were excluded (p = 0.04). Two cases had a large deterioration in POMS score that was attributable in one case, to the death of a partner and in the other (a @entity1 with severe @entity726 ) to @entity308 from the realisation that there was no further potential for visual improvement. DISCUSSION: Quality of life can be measurably improved by @entity231 surgery. However, this is less likely if @entity2194 is present. The use of generic instruments for outcome studies increases the likely influence of external factors on quality of life measures. Disease specific instruments, such as the Visual Disability Assessment, should be used wherever possible in outcomes research.

title: XXXX surgery and changes in quality of life measures.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disability', 'Visual disability']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: @entity11 are highly lethal @entity5 resistant to current therapies. The standard treatment modality for these @entity5 , surgical resection followed by radiation therapy and concurrent @entity2903 , has demonstrated activity, but development of resistance and disease progression is common. Although oncogenic Ras mutations are uncommon in @entity11 , Ras has been found to be constitutively activated through the action of upstream signaling pathways, suggesting that farnesyltransferase inhibitors may show activity against these @entity5 . We now report the in vitro and orthotopic in vivo results of combination therapy using radiation, @entity2903 and @entity38450 ( @entity38450 ), an oral @entity11349 transferase inhibitor, in a @entity19 model of @entity463 . We examined the viability, proliferation, farnesylation of @entity8498 , and activation of downstream signaling of combination-treated U87 cells in vitro. @entity38450 alone or in combination with radiation and @entity2903 had limited @entity5 cell @entity137 in vitro although it did demonstrate significant inhibition in @entity5 cell proliferation. In vivo, @entity38450 alone had a modest ability to inhibit orthotopic U87 @entity5 , radiation and @entity2903 demonstrated better inhibition, while significant anti- @entity5 activity was found with concurrent @entity38450 , radiation, and @entity2903 , with the majority of animals demonstrating a decrease in @entity5 volume. The use of @entity5 neurospheres derived from freshly resected adult @entity1 @entity463 tissue was relatively resistant to both @entity2903 and radiation therapy. @entity38450 had a significant inhibitory activity against these neurospheres and could potentate the activity of @entity2903 and radiation. These data support the continued research of high grade @entity11 treatment combinations of @entity11349 transferase inhibitors, @entity2903 , and radiation therapy.

title: @entity38450 ( @entity38450 ) improves the activity of XXXX and radiation for orthotopic @entity11 .

entities_list: @entity11349 :: ('CHEBI:24017', 'Chemical') :: ['farnesyl']

entities_list: @entity38450 :: ('MESH:C115354', 'Chemical') :: ['Lonafarnib', 'SCH66336', 'lonafarnib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: @entity11 are highly lethal @entity5 resistant to current therapies. The standard treatment modality for these @entity5 , surgical resection followed by radiation therapy and concurrent @entity2903 , has demonstrated activity, but development of resistance and disease progression is common. Although oncogenic Ras mutations are uncommon in @entity11 , Ras has been found to be constitutively activated through the action of upstream signaling pathways, suggesting that farnesyltransferase inhibitors may show activity against these @entity5 . We now report the in vitro and orthotopic in vivo results of combination therapy using radiation, @entity2903 and @entity38450 ( @entity38450 ), an oral @entity11349 transferase inhibitor, in a @entity19 model of @entity463 . We examined the viability, proliferation, farnesylation of @entity8498 , and activation of downstream signaling of combination-treated U87 cells in vitro. @entity38450 alone or in combination with radiation and @entity2903 had limited @entity5 cell @entity137 in vitro although it did demonstrate significant inhibition in @entity5 cell proliferation. In vivo, @entity38450 alone had a modest ability to inhibit orthotopic U87 @entity5 , radiation and @entity2903 demonstrated better inhibition, while significant anti- @entity5 activity was found with concurrent @entity38450 , radiation, and @entity2903 , with the majority of animals demonstrating a decrease in @entity5 volume. The use of @entity5 neurospheres derived from freshly resected adult @entity1 @entity463 tissue was relatively resistant to both @entity2903 and radiation therapy. @entity38450 had a significant inhibitory activity against these neurospheres and could potentate the activity of @entity2903 and radiation. These data support the continued research of high grade @entity11 treatment combinations of @entity11349 transferase inhibitors, @entity2903 , and radiation therapy.

title: @entity38450 ( @entity38450 ) improves the activity of @entity2903 and radiation for orthotopic XXXX .

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: @entity11 are highly lethal @entity5 resistant to current therapies. The standard treatment modality for these @entity5 , surgical resection followed by radiation therapy and concurrent @entity2903 , has demonstrated activity, but development of resistance and disease progression is common. Although oncogenic Ras mutations are uncommon in @entity11 , Ras has been found to be constitutively activated through the action of upstream signaling pathways, suggesting that farnesyltransferase inhibitors may show activity against these @entity5 . We now report the in vitro and orthotopic in vivo results of combination therapy using radiation, @entity2903 and @entity38450 ( @entity38450 ), an oral @entity11349 transferase inhibitor, in a @entity19 model of @entity463 . We examined the viability, proliferation, farnesylation of @entity8498 , and activation of downstream signaling of combination-treated U87 cells in vitro. @entity38450 alone or in combination with radiation and @entity2903 had limited @entity5 cell @entity137 in vitro although it did demonstrate significant inhibition in @entity5 cell proliferation. In vivo, @entity38450 alone had a modest ability to inhibit orthotopic U87 @entity5 , radiation and @entity2903 demonstrated better inhibition, while significant anti- @entity5 activity was found with concurrent @entity38450 , radiation, and @entity2903 , with the majority of animals demonstrating a decrease in @entity5 volume. The use of @entity5 neurospheres derived from freshly resected adult @entity1 @entity463 tissue was relatively resistant to both @entity2903 and radiation therapy. @entity38450 had a significant inhibitory activity against these neurospheres and could potentate the activity of @entity2903 and radiation. These data support the continued research of high grade @entity11 treatment combinations of @entity11349 transferase inhibitors, @entity2903 , and radiation therapy.

title: XXXX ( @entity38450 ) improves the activity of @entity2903 and radiation for orthotopic @entity11 .

answer: @entity38450 :: (MESH:C115354,Chemical) :: ['Lonafarnib']


abstract: @entity11 are highly lethal @entity5 resistant to current therapies. The standard treatment modality for these @entity5 , surgical resection followed by radiation therapy and concurrent @entity2903 , has demonstrated activity, but development of resistance and disease progression is common. Although oncogenic Ras mutations are uncommon in @entity11 , Ras has been found to be constitutively activated through the action of upstream signaling pathways, suggesting that farnesyltransferase inhibitors may show activity against these @entity5 . We now report the in vitro and orthotopic in vivo results of combination therapy using radiation, @entity2903 and @entity38450 ( @entity38450 ), an oral @entity11349 transferase inhibitor, in a @entity19 model of @entity463 . We examined the viability, proliferation, farnesylation of @entity8498 , and activation of downstream signaling of combination-treated U87 cells in vitro. @entity38450 alone or in combination with radiation and @entity2903 had limited @entity5 cell @entity137 in vitro although it did demonstrate significant inhibition in @entity5 cell proliferation. In vivo, @entity38450 alone had a modest ability to inhibit orthotopic U87 @entity5 , radiation and @entity2903 demonstrated better inhibition, while significant anti- @entity5 activity was found with concurrent @entity38450 , radiation, and @entity2903 , with the majority of animals demonstrating a decrease in @entity5 volume. The use of @entity5 neurospheres derived from freshly resected adult @entity1 @entity463 tissue was relatively resistant to both @entity2903 and radiation therapy. @entity38450 had a significant inhibitory activity against these neurospheres and could potentate the activity of @entity2903 and radiation. These data support the continued research of high grade @entity11 treatment combinations of @entity11349 transferase inhibitors, @entity2903 , and radiation therapy.

title: @entity38450 ( XXXX ) improves the activity of @entity2903 and radiation for orthotopic @entity11 .

answer: @entity38450 :: (MESH:C115354,Chemical) :: ['SCH66336']


abstract: Diagnostic tests for @entity195 ( @entity195 ) involving @entity12023 blockade of cholinergic oculomotor functions were examined in @entity195 @entity1 (n=15), @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 (n=15), and non-clinical control (NC) @entity1 (n=15). Pupillographic methods were used to measure pupil diameter and pupillary light reflexes after double-blind ocular administration of dilute @entity12023 (0.01%) in one eye and saline in the other eye. Changes in pupil size were measured in bright background light and near-darkness. @entity12023 increased pupil diameter to a similar extent in all three groups in light and darkness. @entity12023 also reduced the amplitude and latency of the pupillary light reflex to a similar extent for all three groups. @entity12023 pupillary response tests, therefore, were not sensitive or specific diagnostic tests for @entity195 . Peak constriction amplitude of the pupillary light reflex was significantly reduced in both eyes in @entity195 and @entity191 groups relative to non-clinical controls, but @entity195 and @entity191 groups did not differ significantly. The pupillary light reflex test, therefore, was sensitive to @entity195 , but lacked adequate specificity. Finally, peak constriction amplitude correlated significantly with @entity303 severity and @entity8124 treatment may have partially normalized pupillary light reflex abnormalities in @entity195 @entity1 . The pupillary light reflex test, therefore, may index central cholinergic dysfunction associated with disease progression and improvement in cholinergic function associated with pharmacologic treatment response in @entity195 .

title: XXXX effects on pupil size and pupillary light reflexes in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity12023 :: ('MESH:D014331', 'Chemical') :: ['tropicamide', 'Tropicamide']

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

answer: @entity12023 :: (MESH:D014331,Chemical) :: ['Tropicamide']


abstract: Diagnostic tests for @entity195 ( @entity195 ) involving @entity12023 blockade of cholinergic oculomotor functions were examined in @entity195 @entity1 (n=15), @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 (n=15), and non-clinical control (NC) @entity1 (n=15). Pupillographic methods were used to measure pupil diameter and pupillary light reflexes after double-blind ocular administration of dilute @entity12023 (0.01%) in one eye and saline in the other eye. Changes in pupil size were measured in bright background light and near-darkness. @entity12023 increased pupil diameter to a similar extent in all three groups in light and darkness. @entity12023 also reduced the amplitude and latency of the pupillary light reflex to a similar extent for all three groups. @entity12023 pupillary response tests, therefore, were not sensitive or specific diagnostic tests for @entity195 . Peak constriction amplitude of the pupillary light reflex was significantly reduced in both eyes in @entity195 and @entity191 groups relative to non-clinical controls, but @entity195 and @entity191 groups did not differ significantly. The pupillary light reflex test, therefore, was sensitive to @entity195 , but lacked adequate specificity. Finally, peak constriction amplitude correlated significantly with @entity303 severity and @entity8124 treatment may have partially normalized pupillary light reflex abnormalities in @entity195 @entity1 . The pupillary light reflex test, therefore, may index central cholinergic dysfunction associated with disease progression and improvement in cholinergic function associated with pharmacologic treatment response in @entity195 .

title: @entity12023 effects on pupil size and pupillary light reflexes in XXXX .

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Particle radiotherapy is a novel treatment for @entity5 . The present study aimed to evaluate risk factors for overall survival and local control after particle radiotherapy of @entity157 ( @entity157 ), and to identify suitable candidates for this treatment. METHODS: All @entity1 with a single @entity157 smaller than 5 cm in diameter treated by particle radiotherapy between 2001 and 2008 were identified retrospectively from a prospectively collected database. Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 150 @entity1 were included. Five-year overall survival and local control rates were 50.9 and 92.3 per cent respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that several factors, including age and @entity1 -Pugh classification, significantly influenced overall survival. Proximity to the digestive tract and @entity1 -Pugh classification were independent risk factors for local recurrence. Other @entity5 factors including size, gross classification, previous treatment, macroscopic vascular invasion, and @entity5 location in relation to the diaphragm and large vessels did not influence local control rate. CONCLUSION: Particle radiotherapy seems safe and effective, and may be a novel treatment for small @entity157 . Recurrences are more frequent when the @entity5 is located close to the gut.

title: Risk factors for survival and local recurrence after particle radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'single small hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['single small hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Histopathological subtyping of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is currently relevant in treatment decision because of a differential activity of specific therapeutic agents. Immunohistochemistry highlights cell differentiation lineages and, in this study, it was applied to maximize the proportion of accurately subtyped @entity1149 @entity2433 ( @entity2433 ) on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples. METHODS: Cell blocks from 103 FNAC samples with a morphological diagnosis of @entity1149 were immunostained for cytokeratin (CK) 7, @entity4205 , @entity10922 , and @entity4206 , whereas @entity4206 , napsin A (Naps-A), and @entity48451 ( @entity48451 ) were only assessed in a subgroup of cases with discordant ( @entity5822 and @entity10922 + for nonsquamous, @entity4205 and @entity4206 + for squamous) findings. Results were correlated with surgical specimens evaluated by morphology alone. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (36%) @entity5 with @entity5822 / @entity10922 + and @entity4205 / @entity4206 - corresponded to 35 cases of @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and 2 cases of @entity152 , whereas 9 (9%) cases with the reverse immunoprofile were @entity957 ( @entity957 ) at surgery (P < .001). Although the remaining 57 cases had different marker combinations, a correlation was found with @entity420 histology for @entity10922 + samples (independent of other markers) and with @entity957 for @entity4206 +/ @entity10922 - immunophenotype (P < .001). @entity4206 was never expressed in @entity4206 + @entity420 , whereas Naps-A was restricted to @entity420 and @entity48451 to @entity957 lineage. The percentage of unclassified @entity1149 decreased from 36% to 14%. Combinations of 2 antibodies ( @entity10922 / @entity48451 or @entity4206 /Naps-A) in the same section allowed diagnostic optimization in scant cytological samples. CONCLUSIONS: [corrected] This 4-antibody panel approach may contribute to refine @entity2 classification in FNAC cell blocks, remarkably reducing the @entity1149 diagnostic category.

title: Immunohistochemical subtyping of @entity1149 XXXX in fine-needle aspiration cytology: a retrospective study of 103 cases with surgical correlation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC-NOS']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SQCC']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2433 :: ('MESH:C536665', 'Disease') :: ['not otherwise specified', 'NOS']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ADC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2433 :: (MESH:C536665,Disease) :: ['not otherwise specified']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Histopathological subtyping of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is currently relevant in treatment decision because of a differential activity of specific therapeutic agents. Immunohistochemistry highlights cell differentiation lineages and, in this study, it was applied to maximize the proportion of accurately subtyped @entity1149 @entity2433 ( @entity2433 ) on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples. METHODS: Cell blocks from 103 FNAC samples with a morphological diagnosis of @entity1149 were immunostained for cytokeratin (CK) 7, @entity4205 , @entity10922 , and @entity4206 , whereas @entity4206 , napsin A (Naps-A), and @entity48451 ( @entity48451 ) were only assessed in a subgroup of cases with discordant ( @entity5822 and @entity10922 + for nonsquamous, @entity4205 and @entity4206 + for squamous) findings. Results were correlated with surgical specimens evaluated by morphology alone. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (36%) @entity5 with @entity5822 / @entity10922 + and @entity4205 / @entity4206 - corresponded to 35 cases of @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and 2 cases of @entity152 , whereas 9 (9%) cases with the reverse immunoprofile were @entity957 ( @entity957 ) at surgery (P < .001). Although the remaining 57 cases had different marker combinations, a correlation was found with @entity420 histology for @entity10922 + samples (independent of other markers) and with @entity957 for @entity4206 +/ @entity10922 - immunophenotype (P < .001). @entity4206 was never expressed in @entity4206 + @entity420 , whereas Naps-A was restricted to @entity420 and @entity48451 to @entity957 lineage. The percentage of unclassified @entity1149 decreased from 36% to 14%. Combinations of 2 antibodies ( @entity10922 / @entity48451 or @entity4206 /Naps-A) in the same section allowed diagnostic optimization in scant cytological samples. CONCLUSIONS: [corrected] This 4-antibody panel approach may contribute to refine @entity2 classification in FNAC cell blocks, remarkably reducing the @entity1149 diagnostic category.

title: Immunohistochemical subtyping of XXXX @entity2433 in fine-needle aspiration cytology: a retrospective study of 103 cases with surgical correlation.

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']


abstract: The term " @entity6623 " (VA) usually refers to a @entity600 ( @entity600 ). However, a group of @entity1462 called VAs shows no @entity66 on angiography. The clinical and histological features of histologically classified VAs were studied in eight @entity1 who presented with @entity548 or @entity410 to reevaluate these @entity1211 . Angiography showed no @entity66 in six @entity1 . Histological study included immunostaining for smooth muscle actin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Surgical specimens of 10 cases of @entity2477 , 10 cases of @entity2758 , and two cases of @entity8721 were studied to compare these types of VAs. Angiographically occult VAs were surgically removed safely, whereas removal of DVAs was complicated by @entity4 and @entity4798 . Histological examination found angiographically occult VAs contained malformed and compactly arranged vessels with partly degenerated walls, whereas DVAs had dilated thin-walled vessels that were diffusely distributed in the normal white matter. This study of our cases and a review of the reported cases of VAs suggests that two different clinical and pathological entities are commonly categorized as "VA," angiographically occult VAs and DVAs. These two entities should be carefully distinguished.

title: Histologically classified XXXX of the brain: a controversy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarction of the brain']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['capillary telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['developmental venous anomaly', 'DVA']

entities_list: @entity6623 :: ('MESH:D020787', 'Disease') :: ['venous angioma']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous angiomas']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity6623 :: (MESH:D020787,Disease) :: ['venous angiomas']


abstract: @entity1031 events are a well-reported complication following the Fontan procedure, but no previous studies have compared the incidence of @entity1031 events relative to the prophylactic anticoagulation strategy utilized. We examined the time-adjusted incidence of late @entity1031 events relative to chronic anticoagulation strategy. All @entity1 who have undergone Fontan palliation and are followed at our institution were reviewed. All @entity1031 and major @entity548 events were recorded and compared among different subgroups (anticoagulant medication utilized, Fontan variant, and the presence of a residual right-to-left shunt). The incidence of late @entity64 ( @entity64 ) per @entity1 -year was calculated for each subgroup. The records of 132 @entity1 were analyzed (median follow-up, 7.6 years; 1066.5 total @entity1 -years). There were no major @entity548 complications. One @entity1 receiving no anticoagulation therapy developed a symptomatic @entity715 6 months after Fontan. Three @entity1 suffered late @entity64 (range, 3-7 years); 2 were receiving @entity117 , and the other received no anticoagulation therapy. @entity5953 had lateral tunnel Fontan and a residual right-to-left shunt. The overall incidence of late @entity64 was 2.3%, with an event rate of 0.28% per @entity1 -year. Late @entity64 was not related to anticoagulation strategy or time from Fontan procedure but was associated with a residual right-to-left shunt and lateral tunnel-type Fontan palliation (p < 0.001). Regardless of anticoagulation strategy utilized, symptomatic @entity64 is a rare long-term complication following the Fontan procedure.

title: Anticoagulation and incidence of late XXXX following the Fontan procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents', 'CVAs', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['Thromboembolic', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if lymphatic channels and sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) with and without @entity3 can be detected with lymphatic ultrasonography (US) after peritumoral injection of a US contrast agent and to determine if lymphatic US can be used to assess SLNs for the presence of metastatic infiltration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six @entity1707 with 17 @entity320 were evaluated. Conventional gray-scale, color flow, and gray-scale phase-inversion harmonic US examinations were performed. A US contrast agent was administered in four sites around each @entity320 (1-mL total dose). Lymphoscintigraphy was followed by injection of a blue dye and then dissection. SLNs identified at lymphatic US were characterized by two readers in consensus as normal or as having @entity3 ; results were compared with histologic findings. Statistical analyses included the sign test and the kappa statistic. RESULTS: Lymphatic US depicted 28 SLNs, while lymphoscintigraphy depicted 27 "hot spots" suspected of representing SLNs (including two false-positive findings). Dissection after blue dye injection helped identify 31 SLNs. There were no false-positive US findings for @entity72358 detection. Five of six nodes not seen with lymphoscintigraphy were detected with lymphatic US. The accuracy of @entity72358 detection was 90% (28 of 31) for lymphatic US and 81% (25 of 31) for lymphoscintigraphy (P =.29). Lymphatic US correctly depicted @entity3 in 19 of 20 SLNs, and five of the eight normal SLNs were correctly characterized, with an accuracy of 86% (kappa = 0.62). CONCLUSION: Detection of SLNs with lymphatic US compared favorably with that at lymphoscintigraphy. Lymphatic US can depict @entity3 within the @entity72358 , which was not possible with lymphoscintigraphy.

title: Sentinel lymph nodes in a @entity1707 model with XXXX : contrast-enhanced lymphatic US.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if lymphatic channels and sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) with and without @entity3 can be detected with lymphatic ultrasonography (US) after peritumoral injection of a US contrast agent and to determine if lymphatic US can be used to assess SLNs for the presence of metastatic infiltration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six @entity1707 with 17 @entity320 were evaluated. Conventional gray-scale, color flow, and gray-scale phase-inversion harmonic US examinations were performed. A US contrast agent was administered in four sites around each @entity320 (1-mL total dose). Lymphoscintigraphy was followed by injection of a blue dye and then dissection. SLNs identified at lymphatic US were characterized by two readers in consensus as normal or as having @entity3 ; results were compared with histologic findings. Statistical analyses included the sign test and the kappa statistic. RESULTS: Lymphatic US depicted 28 SLNs, while lymphoscintigraphy depicted 27 "hot spots" suspected of representing SLNs (including two false-positive findings). Dissection after blue dye injection helped identify 31 SLNs. There were no false-positive US findings for @entity72358 detection. Five of six nodes not seen with lymphoscintigraphy were detected with lymphatic US. The accuracy of @entity72358 detection was 90% (28 of 31) for lymphatic US and 81% (25 of 31) for lymphoscintigraphy (P =.29). Lymphatic US correctly depicted @entity3 in 19 of 20 SLNs, and five of the eight normal SLNs were correctly characterized, with an accuracy of 86% (kappa = 0.62). CONCLUSION: Detection of SLNs with lymphatic US compared favorably with that at lymphoscintigraphy. Lymphatic US can depict @entity3 within the @entity72358 , which was not possible with lymphoscintigraphy.

title: Sentinel lymph nodes in a XXXX model with @entity320 : contrast-enhanced lymphatic US.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: A randomized comparison of @entity5646 (2 g intravenously every eight hours) versus @entity801 (1.5 mg/kg intravenously every eight hours), each with @entity3402 (600 mg intravenously every six hours), was performed in 119 @entity1 with @entity7288 after cesarean section. @entity1 in both groups had similar risk factors. Genital cultures revealed an average of 3.0 isolates per specimen. Eighty-five aerobic gram-negative rods were isolated from 57 (48%) @entity1 . All were susceptible to both @entity5646 and @entity801 . Of 133 anaerobic isolates, 131 (98%) were susceptible to @entity3402 . The failures in the @entity5646 group were associated with a wound abscess and with an @entity2259 . Of the six failures in the @entity801 group, two were associated with persistent isolation of enteric bacilli. In the other four failures, no explanation was evident. Side effects occurred in four @entity1 , (three @entity294 , one @entity56 ). All were self-limited and appeared to be due to @entity3402 . No @entity1 showed nephrotoxicity. When used in combination with @entity3402 , @entity5646 gave clinical results similar to @entity801 .

title: @entity5646 versus XXXX , each with @entity3402 , in the treatment of @entity7288 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['enterococcal bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: A randomized comparison of @entity5646 (2 g intravenously every eight hours) versus @entity801 (1.5 mg/kg intravenously every eight hours), each with @entity3402 (600 mg intravenously every six hours), was performed in 119 @entity1 with @entity7288 after cesarean section. @entity1 in both groups had similar risk factors. Genital cultures revealed an average of 3.0 isolates per specimen. Eighty-five aerobic gram-negative rods were isolated from 57 (48%) @entity1 . All were susceptible to both @entity5646 and @entity801 . Of 133 anaerobic isolates, 131 (98%) were susceptible to @entity3402 . The failures in the @entity5646 group were associated with a wound abscess and with an @entity2259 . Of the six failures in the @entity801 group, two were associated with persistent isolation of enteric bacilli. In the other four failures, no explanation was evident. Side effects occurred in four @entity1 , (three @entity294 , one @entity56 ). All were self-limited and appeared to be due to @entity3402 . No @entity1 showed nephrotoxicity. When used in combination with @entity3402 , @entity5646 gave clinical results similar to @entity801 .

title: @entity5646 versus @entity801 , each with XXXX , in the treatment of @entity7288 .

answer: @entity3402 :: (MESH:D002981,Chemical) :: ['clindamycin']


abstract: A randomized comparison of @entity5646 (2 g intravenously every eight hours) versus @entity801 (1.5 mg/kg intravenously every eight hours), each with @entity3402 (600 mg intravenously every six hours), was performed in 119 @entity1 with @entity7288 after cesarean section. @entity1 in both groups had similar risk factors. Genital cultures revealed an average of 3.0 isolates per specimen. Eighty-five aerobic gram-negative rods were isolated from 57 (48%) @entity1 . All were susceptible to both @entity5646 and @entity801 . Of 133 anaerobic isolates, 131 (98%) were susceptible to @entity3402 . The failures in the @entity5646 group were associated with a wound abscess and with an @entity2259 . Of the six failures in the @entity801 group, two were associated with persistent isolation of enteric bacilli. In the other four failures, no explanation was evident. Side effects occurred in four @entity1 , (three @entity294 , one @entity56 ). All were self-limited and appeared to be due to @entity3402 . No @entity1 showed nephrotoxicity. When used in combination with @entity3402 , @entity5646 gave clinical results similar to @entity801 .

title: @entity5646 versus @entity801 , each with @entity3402 , in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity7288 :: (MESH:D004716,Disease) :: ['endometritis']


abstract: A randomized comparison of @entity5646 (2 g intravenously every eight hours) versus @entity801 (1.5 mg/kg intravenously every eight hours), each with @entity3402 (600 mg intravenously every six hours), was performed in 119 @entity1 with @entity7288 after cesarean section. @entity1 in both groups had similar risk factors. Genital cultures revealed an average of 3.0 isolates per specimen. Eighty-five aerobic gram-negative rods were isolated from 57 (48%) @entity1 . All were susceptible to both @entity5646 and @entity801 . Of 133 anaerobic isolates, 131 (98%) were susceptible to @entity3402 . The failures in the @entity5646 group were associated with a wound abscess and with an @entity2259 . Of the six failures in the @entity801 group, two were associated with persistent isolation of enteric bacilli. In the other four failures, no explanation was evident. Side effects occurred in four @entity1 , (three @entity294 , one @entity56 ). All were self-limited and appeared to be due to @entity3402 . No @entity1 showed nephrotoxicity. When used in combination with @entity3402 , @entity5646 gave clinical results similar to @entity801 .

title: XXXX versus @entity801 , each with @entity3402 , in the treatment of @entity7288 .

answer: @entity5646 :: (MESH:D001398,Chemical) :: ['Aztreonam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) is a new keratorefractive procedure for the correction of @entity1714 and @entity940 , which may combine advantages and eliminate disadvantages of photorefractive keratectomy (e.g. @entity158 , corneal haze) and laser in situ keratomileusis (e.g. flap and interface complications, @entity936 , keratectasia). We present the results of 108 consecutively LASEK-treated eyes with a follow-up period of 12 months. @entity1 AND METHODS: LASEK was performed on 108 consecutive eyes with @entity1714 or @entity940 using a keracor 117 excimer laser. The mean preoperative refraction was -4.12+/-1.30 diopters (D) spherical equivalent range: -1.75 to -6.0 D and maximal cylinder was 3.25 D. Results of the 12 months visit are available for 101 eyes (93.5%). RESULTS: No serious complications were observed. After 12 months, SE was within +/-1.0 D of emmetropia in 96% and within +/-0.5 D in 86% of the eyes; 6 eyes had to be retreated. None of the eyes showed haze worse than grade 1 or lost more than one line of best-corrected visual acuity. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was > or =20/20 in 80% and > or =20/40 in 98%. CONCLUSIONS: Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) seems to be safe and effective in treatment of @entity1714 and @entity940 of up to -6.0 D. Preliminary results compare favourably with those after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. Haze formation after LASEK seems to be low. Coverage of the stromal wound with a vital epithelial flap could positively influence postoperative wound healing reactions.

title: [Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for treatment of XXXX up to -6.0 D. Results from 108 eyes after 12 months].

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['myopic astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent data suggest a favorable prognosis for @entity5 @entity1 with a pathologic complete response to preoperative combined modality therapy. Prolongation of the interval between preoperative combined modality therapy and surgery (RT-surgery interval) as a means of increasing pathologic complete response rate has not been fully examined. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-five @entity5 @entity1 undergoing preoperative pelvic external beam radiation therapy and @entity1487 -based chemotherapy followed by rectal resection were identified. All @entity1 had endorectal ultrasound prior to combined modality therapy. Final pathology reports were reviewed for ypT and ypN stage and margin status. Medical records were reviewed for sphincter preservation, operative time, estimated @entity190 , hospital stay, and morbidity (overall, anastomotic, and perineal). RESULTS: A pathologic complete response (ypT0N0) occurred in 24 @entity1 (15 percent). Median RT-surgery interval was 44 (range, 15-206) days. A pathologic complete response occurred in 19 percent of @entity1 with an interval >44 days, vs. 12 percent in those with an interval < or =44 days ( P = 0.27). Downstaging by three stages occurred more frequently in the long-interval group (15 percent vs. 6 percent, P = 0.11). The rates of sphincter preservation, positive margins, estimated @entity190 , and operative time were not significantly different. Overall morbidity was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate a trend toward increased pathologic complete response rate and downstaging with increased RT-surgery interval. However, sphincter preservation is not increased. Until prospective analyses are conducted assessing the impact of prolonged RT-surgery interval on long-term outcome, the benefit of a prolonged interval between the completion of preoperative combined modality therapy and surgery remains unclear.

title: Rate of pathologic complete response with increased interval between preoperative combined modality therapy and XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The behavior of intra-abdominal desmoids in @entity1412 is incompletely understood. Findings range from typical mass lesions to flat sheets, termed the desmoid reaction or desmoid precursor lesion. The latter often are incidental findings of uncertain significance. The study was designed to describe the natural history of @entity765 with particular reference to the desmoid reaction. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent laparotomy for @entity1412 at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation were identified. The incidence of @entity765 was determined by review of operative records. @entity765 were classified as mass lesions if three-dimensional or desmoid reaction if two-dimensional. The incidence of clinically apparent @entity765 (typical mass lesions on physical examination or cross-sectional imaging in symptomatic @entity1 ) was determined by chart review. The incidence of clinical @entity765 between groups was compared by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: A total of 266 @entity1 (153 females; median age, 26 (range, 9-63) years) underwent abdominal surgery for @entity1412 . @entity765 were identified in 34 @entity1 : 8 at the index surgery and 26 at relaparotomy. These lesions influenced the planned procedure in eight cases (26 percent), including preventing ileoanal pouch in 3 of 19 @entity1 in whom this was intended. The median follow-up from the time of identification of intra-abdominal desmoids was 42 (range, 2-178) months at which point four @entity1 (11 percent) had developed clinical @entity765 . There was no significant difference in incidence of clinical @entity765 between mass and desmoid reaction groups ( P = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: @entity765 are a common finding at relaparotomy in @entity1 with @entity1412 . These lesions influence planned surgery in a minority of cases. Desmoid reaction may have little bearing on the subsequent development of clinically significant @entity765 .

title: Significance of incidental desmoids identified during surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['Incidental intra-abdominal desmoid tumors', 'incidental intra-abdominal desmoid tumors', 'intra-abdominal desmoid tumors', 'Intra-abdominal desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']


abstract: A new single-antibiotic combination of @entity4967 and @entity798 was compared with the standard two-drug regimen of @entity3402 and @entity801 in the treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 . The regimens were as follows: 3 g of @entity4967 plus 100 mg of @entity798 intravenously every four hours; or 600 mg of @entity3402 intravenously every six hours plus 3 to 5 mg/kg per day of @entity801 intramuscularly. The prospective randomized schedule was calculated such that half the @entity1 were assigned to each treatment group. The diagnosis of @entity7288 was based upon an elevated oral temperature of 100.4 degrees F or higher on any two occasions, excluding the first 24 hours after delivery, uterine tenderness, and the absence of other foci of @entity281 . Lochial discharge was foul in most cases. Forty-seven @entity1 were treated. Treatment was successful in all @entity1 who received @entity3402 and @entity801 ; @entity4967 plus @entity798 failed in two of 23 (9 percent) @entity1 . @entity1 in whom treatment failed did not appear to be different from those in whom treatment was successful on demographic variables or in terms of risk factors for @entity7288 . The difference between the treatment failure rates was not statistically significant. This study suggests that the single-drug combination of @entity4967 plus @entity798 is effective in the treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 when compared with the standard regimen of @entity3402 and @entity801 .

title: Comparative clinical evaluation of @entity4967 plus XXXX versus @entity3402 plus @entity801 in treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 .

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endomyometritis']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity4967 :: ('MESH:D013982', 'Chemical') :: ['ticarcillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity798 :: (MESH:D019818,Chemical) :: ['clavulanic acid']


abstract: A new single-antibiotic combination of @entity4967 and @entity798 was compared with the standard two-drug regimen of @entity3402 and @entity801 in the treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 . The regimens were as follows: 3 g of @entity4967 plus 100 mg of @entity798 intravenously every four hours; or 600 mg of @entity3402 intravenously every six hours plus 3 to 5 mg/kg per day of @entity801 intramuscularly. The prospective randomized schedule was calculated such that half the @entity1 were assigned to each treatment group. The diagnosis of @entity7288 was based upon an elevated oral temperature of 100.4 degrees F or higher on any two occasions, excluding the first 24 hours after delivery, uterine tenderness, and the absence of other foci of @entity281 . Lochial discharge was foul in most cases. Forty-seven @entity1 were treated. Treatment was successful in all @entity1 who received @entity3402 and @entity801 ; @entity4967 plus @entity798 failed in two of 23 (9 percent) @entity1 . @entity1 in whom treatment failed did not appear to be different from those in whom treatment was successful on demographic variables or in terms of risk factors for @entity7288 . The difference between the treatment failure rates was not statistically significant. This study suggests that the single-drug combination of @entity4967 plus @entity798 is effective in the treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 when compared with the standard regimen of @entity3402 and @entity801 .

title: Comparative clinical evaluation of XXXX plus @entity798 versus @entity3402 plus @entity801 in treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

answer: @entity4967 :: (MESH:D013982,Chemical) :: ['ticarcillin']


abstract: A new single-antibiotic combination of @entity4967 and @entity798 was compared with the standard two-drug regimen of @entity3402 and @entity801 in the treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 . The regimens were as follows: 3 g of @entity4967 plus 100 mg of @entity798 intravenously every four hours; or 600 mg of @entity3402 intravenously every six hours plus 3 to 5 mg/kg per day of @entity801 intramuscularly. The prospective randomized schedule was calculated such that half the @entity1 were assigned to each treatment group. The diagnosis of @entity7288 was based upon an elevated oral temperature of 100.4 degrees F or higher on any two occasions, excluding the first 24 hours after delivery, uterine tenderness, and the absence of other foci of @entity281 . Lochial discharge was foul in most cases. Forty-seven @entity1 were treated. Treatment was successful in all @entity1 who received @entity3402 and @entity801 ; @entity4967 plus @entity798 failed in two of 23 (9 percent) @entity1 . @entity1 in whom treatment failed did not appear to be different from those in whom treatment was successful on demographic variables or in terms of risk factors for @entity7288 . The difference between the treatment failure rates was not statistically significant. This study suggests that the single-drug combination of @entity4967 plus @entity798 is effective in the treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 when compared with the standard regimen of @entity3402 and @entity801 .

title: Comparative clinical evaluation of @entity4967 plus @entity798 versus XXXX plus @entity801 in treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 .

answer: @entity3402 :: (MESH:D002981,Chemical) :: ['clindamycin']


abstract: A new single-antibiotic combination of @entity4967 and @entity798 was compared with the standard two-drug regimen of @entity3402 and @entity801 in the treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 . The regimens were as follows: 3 g of @entity4967 plus 100 mg of @entity798 intravenously every four hours; or 600 mg of @entity3402 intravenously every six hours plus 3 to 5 mg/kg per day of @entity801 intramuscularly. The prospective randomized schedule was calculated such that half the @entity1 were assigned to each treatment group. The diagnosis of @entity7288 was based upon an elevated oral temperature of 100.4 degrees F or higher on any two occasions, excluding the first 24 hours after delivery, uterine tenderness, and the absence of other foci of @entity281 . Lochial discharge was foul in most cases. Forty-seven @entity1 were treated. Treatment was successful in all @entity1 who received @entity3402 and @entity801 ; @entity4967 plus @entity798 failed in two of 23 (9 percent) @entity1 . @entity1 in whom treatment failed did not appear to be different from those in whom treatment was successful on demographic variables or in terms of risk factors for @entity7288 . The difference between the treatment failure rates was not statistically significant. This study suggests that the single-drug combination of @entity4967 plus @entity798 is effective in the treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 when compared with the standard regimen of @entity3402 and @entity801 .

title: Comparative clinical evaluation of @entity4967 plus @entity798 versus @entity3402 plus @entity801 in treatment of post-cesarean XXXX .

answer: @entity7288 :: (MESH:D004716,Disease) :: ['endomyometritis']


abstract: A new single-antibiotic combination of @entity4967 and @entity798 was compared with the standard two-drug regimen of @entity3402 and @entity801 in the treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 . The regimens were as follows: 3 g of @entity4967 plus 100 mg of @entity798 intravenously every four hours; or 600 mg of @entity3402 intravenously every six hours plus 3 to 5 mg/kg per day of @entity801 intramuscularly. The prospective randomized schedule was calculated such that half the @entity1 were assigned to each treatment group. The diagnosis of @entity7288 was based upon an elevated oral temperature of 100.4 degrees F or higher on any two occasions, excluding the first 24 hours after delivery, uterine tenderness, and the absence of other foci of @entity281 . Lochial discharge was foul in most cases. Forty-seven @entity1 were treated. Treatment was successful in all @entity1 who received @entity3402 and @entity801 ; @entity4967 plus @entity798 failed in two of 23 (9 percent) @entity1 . @entity1 in whom treatment failed did not appear to be different from those in whom treatment was successful on demographic variables or in terms of risk factors for @entity7288 . The difference between the treatment failure rates was not statistically significant. This study suggests that the single-drug combination of @entity4967 plus @entity798 is effective in the treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 when compared with the standard regimen of @entity3402 and @entity801 .

title: Comparative clinical evaluation of @entity4967 plus @entity798 versus @entity3402 plus XXXX in treatment of post-cesarean @entity7288 .

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: Viozan, (Sibenadet @entity5828 , @entity62343 ) is a dual D2 @entity935 receptor, @entity2162 agonist that combines bronchodilator activity with the sensory afferent modulating effects associated with D2-receptor agonism. Investigation in animal models of key @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) symptoms has demonstrated that sibenadet effectively inhibits sensory nerve activity, thereby reducing reflex cough, mucus production and tachypnoea. The results of the early clinical evaluation of this novel agent are reported. An initial proof of concept study (Study 1) aimed to determine the clinical potential of this novel agent by assessing the effects of three doses of sibenadet therapy relative to placebo, with two commonly used bronchodilators, intended to provide a benchmark against which sibenadet activity could be judged. In all, 701 @entity1 were randomized to one of three sibenadet dose groups (400, 600 or 1000 microg ex valve), @entity3045 200 microg, @entity13265 (IB) 40 microg or placebo, all three times daily via pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) for 4 weeks. Once the results of Study 1 had been evaluated, a dose-ranging, study (Study 2) involving 872 @entity1 randomized to receive sibenadet (45, 270, or 495 microg ex actuator), or placebo all three times daily via pMDI, for 6 weeks commenced. Both studies were preceded by a 2-week baseline phase and followed by a 2-week follow up period.The primary efficacy variable identified changes in key @entity1030 symptoms over the treatment period (compared with baseline data) as determined by the novel Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale (BCSS). In addition, data on lung function, health-related quality of life and adverse events were collected. @entity1 receiving sibenadet therapy three times daily exhibited statistically significantly greater improvements in BCSS total score than those receiving placebo or bronchodilator therapy alone. A clear dose-response was evident in Study 2. Symptom improvement in this study was also accompanied by improved lung function and health-related quality of life. Sibenadet therapy was well tolerated with an adverse events profile comparable to current bronchodilator therapy. These data were viewed as extremely encouraging, warranting further, large-scale clinical investigation.

title: Early clinical investigation of Viozan (sibenadet @entity5828 ), a novel D2 XXXX receptor, @entity2162 agonist for the treatment of @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium bromide']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Viozan, (Sibenadet @entity5828 , @entity62343 ) is a dual D2 @entity935 receptor, @entity2162 agonist that combines bronchodilator activity with the sensory afferent modulating effects associated with D2-receptor agonism. Investigation in animal models of key @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) symptoms has demonstrated that sibenadet effectively inhibits sensory nerve activity, thereby reducing reflex cough, mucus production and tachypnoea. The results of the early clinical evaluation of this novel agent are reported. An initial proof of concept study (Study 1) aimed to determine the clinical potential of this novel agent by assessing the effects of three doses of sibenadet therapy relative to placebo, with two commonly used bronchodilators, intended to provide a benchmark against which sibenadet activity could be judged. In all, 701 @entity1 were randomized to one of three sibenadet dose groups (400, 600 or 1000 microg ex valve), @entity3045 200 microg, @entity13265 (IB) 40 microg or placebo, all three times daily via pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) for 4 weeks. Once the results of Study 1 had been evaluated, a dose-ranging, study (Study 2) involving 872 @entity1 randomized to receive sibenadet (45, 270, or 495 microg ex actuator), or placebo all three times daily via pMDI, for 6 weeks commenced. Both studies were preceded by a 2-week baseline phase and followed by a 2-week follow up period.The primary efficacy variable identified changes in key @entity1030 symptoms over the treatment period (compared with baseline data) as determined by the novel Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale (BCSS). In addition, data on lung function, health-related quality of life and adverse events were collected. @entity1 receiving sibenadet therapy three times daily exhibited statistically significantly greater improvements in BCSS total score than those receiving placebo or bronchodilator therapy alone. A clear dose-response was evident in Study 2. Symptom improvement in this study was also accompanied by improved lung function and health-related quality of life. Sibenadet therapy was well tolerated with an adverse events profile comparable to current bronchodilator therapy. These data were viewed as extremely encouraging, warranting further, large-scale clinical investigation.

title: Early clinical investigation of Viozan (sibenadet @entity5828 ), a novel D2 @entity935 receptor, XXXX agonist for the treatment of @entity1030 .

answer: @entity2162 :: (154,Gene) :: ['beta2-adrenoceptor']


abstract: Viozan, (Sibenadet @entity5828 , @entity62343 ) is a dual D2 @entity935 receptor, @entity2162 agonist that combines bronchodilator activity with the sensory afferent modulating effects associated with D2-receptor agonism. Investigation in animal models of key @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) symptoms has demonstrated that sibenadet effectively inhibits sensory nerve activity, thereby reducing reflex cough, mucus production and tachypnoea. The results of the early clinical evaluation of this novel agent are reported. An initial proof of concept study (Study 1) aimed to determine the clinical potential of this novel agent by assessing the effects of three doses of sibenadet therapy relative to placebo, with two commonly used bronchodilators, intended to provide a benchmark against which sibenadet activity could be judged. In all, 701 @entity1 were randomized to one of three sibenadet dose groups (400, 600 or 1000 microg ex valve), @entity3045 200 microg, @entity13265 (IB) 40 microg or placebo, all three times daily via pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) for 4 weeks. Once the results of Study 1 had been evaluated, a dose-ranging, study (Study 2) involving 872 @entity1 randomized to receive sibenadet (45, 270, or 495 microg ex actuator), or placebo all three times daily via pMDI, for 6 weeks commenced. Both studies were preceded by a 2-week baseline phase and followed by a 2-week follow up period.The primary efficacy variable identified changes in key @entity1030 symptoms over the treatment period (compared with baseline data) as determined by the novel Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale (BCSS). In addition, data on lung function, health-related quality of life and adverse events were collected. @entity1 receiving sibenadet therapy three times daily exhibited statistically significantly greater improvements in BCSS total score than those receiving placebo or bronchodilator therapy alone. A clear dose-response was evident in Study 2. Symptom improvement in this study was also accompanied by improved lung function and health-related quality of life. Sibenadet therapy was well tolerated with an adverse events profile comparable to current bronchodilator therapy. These data were viewed as extremely encouraging, warranting further, large-scale clinical investigation.

title: Early clinical investigation of Viozan (sibenadet @entity5828 ), a novel D2 @entity935 receptor, @entity2162 agonist for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease symptoms']


abstract: Viozan, (Sibenadet @entity5828 , @entity62343 ) is a dual D2 @entity935 receptor, @entity2162 agonist that combines bronchodilator activity with the sensory afferent modulating effects associated with D2-receptor agonism. Investigation in animal models of key @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) symptoms has demonstrated that sibenadet effectively inhibits sensory nerve activity, thereby reducing reflex cough, mucus production and tachypnoea. The results of the early clinical evaluation of this novel agent are reported. An initial proof of concept study (Study 1) aimed to determine the clinical potential of this novel agent by assessing the effects of three doses of sibenadet therapy relative to placebo, with two commonly used bronchodilators, intended to provide a benchmark against which sibenadet activity could be judged. In all, 701 @entity1 were randomized to one of three sibenadet dose groups (400, 600 or 1000 microg ex valve), @entity3045 200 microg, @entity13265 (IB) 40 microg or placebo, all three times daily via pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) for 4 weeks. Once the results of Study 1 had been evaluated, a dose-ranging, study (Study 2) involving 872 @entity1 randomized to receive sibenadet (45, 270, or 495 microg ex actuator), or placebo all three times daily via pMDI, for 6 weeks commenced. Both studies were preceded by a 2-week baseline phase and followed by a 2-week follow up period.The primary efficacy variable identified changes in key @entity1030 symptoms over the treatment period (compared with baseline data) as determined by the novel Breathlessness, Cough and Sputum Scale (BCSS). In addition, data on lung function, health-related quality of life and adverse events were collected. @entity1 receiving sibenadet therapy three times daily exhibited statistically significantly greater improvements in BCSS total score than those receiving placebo or bronchodilator therapy alone. A clear dose-response was evident in Study 2. Symptom improvement in this study was also accompanied by improved lung function and health-related quality of life. Sibenadet therapy was well tolerated with an adverse events profile comparable to current bronchodilator therapy. These data were viewed as extremely encouraging, warranting further, large-scale clinical investigation.

title: Early clinical investigation of Viozan (sibenadet XXXX ), a novel D2 @entity935 receptor, @entity2162 agonist for the treatment of @entity1030 .

answer: @entity5828 :: (CHEBI:17883,Chemical) :: ['HCl']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate T cell subsets and immune cytokine profiles in untreated @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ) @entity1 and the underlying immunopathological mechanism. METHODS: We enrolled 50 untreated @entity12040 @entity1 and 40 age-matched controls (20 healthy controls, 20 untreated @entity1252 @entity1 ). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to define cytokine profiles in all @entity1 , and flow cytometry was performed for 9 @entity12040 @entity1 and 12 healthy controls. @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H _ E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed in aortic tissues of 9 @entity12040 and 9 @entity731 @entity1 ; clinical data were also collected. RESULTS: Circulating CD4+ T cells were more frequent in @entity12040 @entity1 (p<0.05). Frequencies of @entity1198 , Th2, and Th17 cells were higher, whereas Treg cells were reduced in @entity12040 . Significantly higher levels of @entity650 and lower levels of @entity379 , @entity3646 , and @entity4155 were detected in @entity12040 @entity1 (p<0.05). By H _ E staining, thickened vascular walls with proliferation of collagen fibre were observed in most @entity1 . Inflammatory sites with infiltrating macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were located in adventitia. IHC revealed T cells (mainly CD4+ T cells) in @entity455 . Additionally, @entity650 was positive throughout the vascular wall in most specimens, whereas @entity379 , IL-12, and @entity4155 were detected in inflammatory sites of active @entity1 . @entity650 levels were positively related to ESR, CRP, and Kerr scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Significantly increased levels of @entity650 were detected in peripheral blood and aortic tissues of untreated @entity1 . @entity650 might be a sensitive biomarker to assess disease activity and could be critical in the immunopathogenesis of @entity12040 .

title: The critical role of XXXX in the pathogenesis of @entity12040 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis', 'TAK']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate T cell subsets and immune cytokine profiles in untreated @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ) @entity1 and the underlying immunopathological mechanism. METHODS: We enrolled 50 untreated @entity12040 @entity1 and 40 age-matched controls (20 healthy controls, 20 untreated @entity1252 @entity1 ). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to define cytokine profiles in all @entity1 , and flow cytometry was performed for 9 @entity12040 @entity1 and 12 healthy controls. @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H _ E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed in aortic tissues of 9 @entity12040 and 9 @entity731 @entity1 ; clinical data were also collected. RESULTS: Circulating CD4+ T cells were more frequent in @entity12040 @entity1 (p<0.05). Frequencies of @entity1198 , Th2, and Th17 cells were higher, whereas Treg cells were reduced in @entity12040 . Significantly higher levels of @entity650 and lower levels of @entity379 , @entity3646 , and @entity4155 were detected in @entity12040 @entity1 (p<0.05). By H _ E staining, thickened vascular walls with proliferation of collagen fibre were observed in most @entity1 . Inflammatory sites with infiltrating macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils were located in adventitia. IHC revealed T cells (mainly CD4+ T cells) in @entity455 . Additionally, @entity650 was positive throughout the vascular wall in most specimens, whereas @entity379 , IL-12, and @entity4155 were detected in inflammatory sites of active @entity1 . @entity650 levels were positively related to ESR, CRP, and Kerr scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Significantly increased levels of @entity650 were detected in peripheral blood and aortic tissues of untreated @entity1 . @entity650 might be a sensitive biomarker to assess disease activity and could be critical in the immunopathogenesis of @entity12040 .

title: The critical role of @entity650 in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu arteritis']


abstract: Modalities of @entity79 therapeutic follow-up are controversial, notably for biological and radiological parameters. We have proposed six weeks of antibiotic therapy for all @entity1 presenting with @entity79 , since July 2005. Therefore, biological and radiological exams performed during the treatment were not taken into account when determining the duration of antibiotherapy. This protocol allows determining the usefulness of these biological and radiological parameters. METHODS: All @entity1 presenting with @entity79 , from July 2005 to July 2008, were included. Inflammatory biological parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and sedimentation rate were analyzed, and values were considered as normal when less than 10 mg/L and less than 15 mm respectively. All available CT- and MR imaging were analyzed by the same referent radiologist. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1 presenting with @entity79 received antibiotic therapy for a mean [SD] 42    0.3 days. Cure was reported in 82 @entity1 (94%) with a mean follow-up after antibiotic therapy of 36    9 months, five @entity1 relapsed. CRP was available in 66 cases by the end of antibiotic therapy, it was normal in 40/64 of @entity1 with favorable outcome (62%) and in one case of unfavorable outcome. The sedimentation rate was available in 22 cases, and normal in seven cases of favorable outcome (32%). By the end of antibiotic therapy, CT-scan showed active @entity79 for 15/23 of @entity1 with favorable outcome (65%), while MR imaging suggested the same diagnosis in 8/14 cases (57%). CONCLUSION: Biological parameters and radiological findings are inadequate to determine the duration of antibiotic therapy in @entity79 .

title: [Duration of antibiotic therapy in XXXX and biological or radiological data].

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone infection']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity26555 is an uncommon disorder resulting from @entity5 of the enterochromaffin cells. Current biochemical investigation usually involves the measurement of @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) in 24-h urine collections. Because of the problems associated with urine collections (i.e. inconvenience, accuracy of collection and requirement for preservatives) two alternative markers, fasting plasma @entity5581 and whole blood @entity750 ( @entity750 ), have been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: Whole blood @entity750 concentration and plasma and urine @entity5581 concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 31 @entity1 suspected of having @entity4303 and 26 known @entity4303 @entity1 . Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis of the data showed no statistical difference between the three markers (P>0.01) with regard to their discriminating function. However, fasting plasma @entity5581 assay showed greater stability than whole blood @entity750 assay and is more convenient for the @entity1 than a 24-h urine collection. At a cut-off value of 118 nmol/L plasma @entity5581 assay showed a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 97% and a test efficiency of 93%. Whole blood @entity750 assay was further limited by its saturation in platelets at 40 nmol/10(9) platelets which made it less suitable for monitoring the treatment of @entity26555 . CONCLUSION: Fasting plasma @entity5581 concentration provides a more convenient screening test for @entity4303 and overcomes the problems associated with 24-h urine collections, without any loss of diagnostic precision.

title: Evaluation of whole blood @entity750 and plasma and urine XXXX in diagnosis of @entity26555 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity26555 :: ('MESH:D002275', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoid disease', 'carcinoid disease']

answer: @entity1130 :: (CHEBI:27823,Chemical) :: ['5-hydroxyindole acetic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity26555 is an uncommon disorder resulting from @entity5 of the enterochromaffin cells. Current biochemical investigation usually involves the measurement of @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) in 24-h urine collections. Because of the problems associated with urine collections (i.e. inconvenience, accuracy of collection and requirement for preservatives) two alternative markers, fasting plasma @entity5581 and whole blood @entity750 ( @entity750 ), have been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: Whole blood @entity750 concentration and plasma and urine @entity5581 concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 31 @entity1 suspected of having @entity4303 and 26 known @entity4303 @entity1 . Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis of the data showed no statistical difference between the three markers (P>0.01) with regard to their discriminating function. However, fasting plasma @entity5581 assay showed greater stability than whole blood @entity750 assay and is more convenient for the @entity1 than a 24-h urine collection. At a cut-off value of 118 nmol/L plasma @entity5581 assay showed a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 97% and a test efficiency of 93%. Whole blood @entity750 assay was further limited by its saturation in platelets at 40 nmol/10(9) platelets which made it less suitable for monitoring the treatment of @entity26555 . CONCLUSION: Fasting plasma @entity5581 concentration provides a more convenient screening test for @entity4303 and overcomes the problems associated with 24-h urine collections, without any loss of diagnostic precision.

title: Evaluation of whole blood XXXX and plasma and urine @entity1130 in diagnosis of @entity26555 .

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity26555 is an uncommon disorder resulting from @entity5 of the enterochromaffin cells. Current biochemical investigation usually involves the measurement of @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) in 24-h urine collections. Because of the problems associated with urine collections (i.e. inconvenience, accuracy of collection and requirement for preservatives) two alternative markers, fasting plasma @entity5581 and whole blood @entity750 ( @entity750 ), have been studied. METHODS AND RESULTS: Whole blood @entity750 concentration and plasma and urine @entity5581 concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 31 @entity1 suspected of having @entity4303 and 26 known @entity4303 @entity1 . Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis of the data showed no statistical difference between the three markers (P>0.01) with regard to their discriminating function. However, fasting plasma @entity5581 assay showed greater stability than whole blood @entity750 assay and is more convenient for the @entity1 than a 24-h urine collection. At a cut-off value of 118 nmol/L plasma @entity5581 assay showed a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 97% and a test efficiency of 93%. Whole blood @entity750 assay was further limited by its saturation in platelets at 40 nmol/10(9) platelets which made it less suitable for monitoring the treatment of @entity26555 . CONCLUSION: Fasting plasma @entity5581 concentration provides a more convenient screening test for @entity4303 and overcomes the problems associated with 24-h urine collections, without any loss of diagnostic precision.

title: Evaluation of whole blood @entity750 and plasma and urine @entity1130 in diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity26555 :: (MESH:D002275,Disease) :: ['carcinoid disease']


abstract: For 25 years, 102 hematogenous @entity5414 have been observed in 82 newborns and @entity1 . The hip joint was the most commun site of involvement (63 cases), than the knee (23 cases), the shoulder (7 cases), the elbow (5 cases), the ankle (3 cases) and one wrist. 14 times, two or more joints were involved. When the diagnosis was made early, an aspiration of pus and an irrigation of the joint was done. But in severe and delayed @entity625 , an arthrotomy was preferred. In all cases, joints were immobilized in a post-operative cast or with a traction management, and parenteral antibiotics were prescribed. 52 sequellae were noted, two third of these were seen in second hand. Sequellae are detailed joint by joint, and the authors describe different stages from minor @entity1141 and abnormal growth of the epiphysis to severe destruction of the bones and persistent dislocation. Treatment of sequellae is proposed: 1. The hip joint. @entity1141 and @entity135 were corrected with femoral osteotomy. In 2 cases, a pelvic innominate osteotomy was performed. Progressive @entity3192 with short neck and greater trochanteric overgrowth were treated with femoral neck lengthening (personal technic). @entity3029 needed open reduction of the hip and extensive excision of the acetabular fibro-fatty tissue. In a few cases, a Colonna's procedure was made. In total destructions of the upper femoral extremity, the treatment consisted in trochanteroplasty. In partial epiphysiodesis of a femoral condyle, disepiphysiodesis was obtained with resection of the physeal bone bridge (2 cases) or with free free physeal transplantation with microvascular @entity254 (2 cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Osteoarthritis in XXXX . Follow-up and treatment].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['deformities of the head and/or the neck']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['Dislocations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the long-term safety and effectiveness of repeated doses of the humanized anti-nerve growth factor antibody, tanezumab, during open-label treatment of @entity1 with @entity158 . DESIGN: The current study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00399490) was a multicenter, phase II, open-label, multiple-dose extension of an earlier randomized clinical trial. All @entity1 (N=281) received infusions of tanezumab 50 g/kg on Days 1 and 56 with subsequent doses administered at 8-week intervals (up to a total of eight infusions). The primary endpoint of this study was safety. Effectiveness evaluations included overall knee @entity158 , Western Ontario and @entity571 (WOMAC) index subscales, and subject global assessment (SGA) of response to therapy on 0-100 point visual analog scales. RESULTS: Repeated administration of tanezumab resulted in a low incidence of treatment-related adverse events (AEs; 7.5%). The rate of serious AEs was also low (2.8%) with none considered treatment-related. Few @entity1897 were reported; @entity1183 was reported by nine @entity1 (3.2%), @entity809 by seven @entity1 (2.5%), and @entity17401 , @entity1897 , and @entity132 were each reported by one @entity1 (0.4% for each). Most @entity1897 were rated as mild (95%) and the majority (65%) resolved before study completion. At Week 8, overall knee @entity158 and SGA improved from baseline by a mean (   standard error) of -12.8 (  1.78) and 8.0 (  1.66), respectively. Similar improvements occurred for WOMAC subscales. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated injections of tanezumab in @entity1 with moderate to severe knee @entity571 provide continued @entity158 relief and improved function with a low incidence of side effects. Additional studies to define the efficacy and duration of @entity158 reduction and to provide a more complete assessment of long-term safety are warranted.

title: Long-term open-label study of tanezumab for moderate to severe osteoarthritic knee XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy', 'AEs of abnormal peripheral sensation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'OA knee pain']

entities_list: @entity17401 :: ('MESH:D006941', 'Disease') :: ['hyperesthesia']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']