abstract: Intercellular communication delivers critical information for position-dependent specification of cell fate. In plants, a novel mechanism for cell-to-cell communication involves the intercellular trafficking of regulatory proteins and mRNAs. The @entity2829 @entity18288 ( @entity18288 ) gene acts non cell-autonomously in the @entity2829 leaf, and @entity18288 was the first plant protein shown to traffic cell-to-cell, presumably through plasmodesmata. We have compared the intercellular trafficking of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions of @entity18288 and @entity958 @entity18288 -related homeobox proteins to that of the viral movement protein from turnip vein clearing tobamovirus. We show that there is specific developmental regulation of GFP approximately @entity18288 trafficking. GFP -- @entity18288 was able to traffic from the inner layers of the leaf to the epidermis, but not in the opposite direction, from epidermis to mesophyll. However, GFP or the GFP -- movement protein fusion moved readily out of the epidermis. GFP -- @entity18288 was however able to traffic out of the epidermal (L1) layer in the shoot apical meristem, indicating that @entity18288 movement out of the L1 was developmentally regulated. GFP -- @entity13108 /BREVIPEDICELLUS and GFP -- SHOOTMERISTEMLESS fusions could also traffic from the L1 to the L2/L3 layers of the meristem. In a test for the functional significance of trafficking, we showed that L1-specific expression of @entity18288 or of @entity13108 was able to partially complement the strong shootmeristemless-11 (stm-11) mutant. However, a cell-autonomous GUS fusion to @entity18288 showed neither trafficking ability nor complementation of stm-11 when expressed in the L1. These results suggest that the activity of @entity18288 and related homeobox proteins is maintained following intercellular trafficking, and that trafficking may be required for their normal developmental function.

title: Developmental regulation and significance of KNOX protein trafficking in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: One of the most preventable @entity5 in @entity1 is @entity5 . Pap smear test is an effective screening program; however, it is not conducted very frequently. The aim of this study is explaining the determinants affecting @entity1 's participation in the Pap smear test based on precaution adoption process model with a qualitative approach. This study was a qualitative approach using a Directed Content Analysis methodology which was conducted in 2014. @entity1 were 30 rural @entity1 who participated in this study voluntarily in sarvabad, Iran. Purposive sampling was initiated and continued until data saturation. Semi-structured interviews were the primary method of data collection. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and continuous comparisons. @entity1 s information and awareness about @entity5 and Pap smear is insufficient and most of them believed that they were not at risk; however, they perceived the severity of the disease. Some of them had no adequate understanding of the test benefits. They pointed to the lack of time, financial difficulties, fear of test result and lack of awareness as the main barriers against the Pap smear test; however, they did not say that they were not willing to do the test. Findings could help health policy makers to find the right area and purpose to facilitate the participation of @entity1 in the Pap smear test.

title: Factors Affecting XXXX Screening Behaviors Based On the Precaution Adoption Process Model: A Qualitative Study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Marine @entity4245 (Hexaplex trunculus) presents increasing nutritional, commercial and economical importance, being widely consumed in northern Africa, particularly in Mediterranean countries. From a nutritional point of view there is still limited information on the chemical composition of edible tissues (meat and hepatopancreas) of this species. Therefore, the aims of the present work were to study the proximate chemical composition, @entity844 and @entity535 profiles of H. trunculus from the Tunisian Mediterranean coasts. RESULTS: @entity844 profiles showed that the @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) content is higher than the @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ). The yields of @entity5204 and @entity10194 present in the meat fat were 68.2% and 33.4% of the total @entity1718 , respectively. Similar values were obtained in the @entity14391 . @entity4245 tissues contain valuable concentrations of @entity5204 , especially n-6 and n-3 with chain lengths of 20 and 22 carbons. All edible tissues were valuable sources of essential @entity1522 . @entity2574 is the major @entity1522 present in the meat and hepatopancreas. The concentrations of nutrients were also determined in the hepatopancreas and meat of H. trunculus. Significantly high concentrations of minerals and trace elements were found in these tissues. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that H. trunculus is an important source of protein and essential @entity1522 . Furthermore, the @entity4245 lipidic fraction contains high proportions of @entity1474 benefical for @entity1 health.

title: Nutrient composition of the marine XXXX (Hexaplex trunculus) from the Tunisian Mediterranean coasts.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid', 'Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity14391 :: ('MESH:D011017', 'Disease') :: ['hepatopancreatic lipidic fraction']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspartic acid']

answer: @entity4245 :: (6615,Gene) :: ['snail']


abstract: Previously, we demonstrated that @entity1425 induced the expression of @entity650 mRNA via beta-adrenoceptors in cultured @entity1 osteoblastic cells. @entity777 is well known to modulate bone metabolism by regulating the development and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Recently, restraint stress and intracerebroventricular injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) have been reported to induce the expression of @entity777 mRNA in peripheral organs in @entity19 in which expression is mediated by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. To prove the physiological role of sympathetic nerves in bone metabolism in vivo, we examined by RT-PCR analysis the effects of restraint stress and intracerebroventricular injection of LPS on @entity777 mRNA expression in @entity19 calvaria. The expression of @entity777 mRNA in @entity19 calvaria was stimulated by either restraint stress (30 min) or intracerebroventricular injection of LPS (50 ng/ @entity19 , 60 min). The treatment of @entity19 with the neurotoxin @entity2955 ( @entity2955 , 100 mg x kg-1 x day-1 ip for 3 days) inhibited LPS (icv)-induced expression of @entity777 mRNA in their calvaria. The expression of @entity777 mRNA induced by the restraint stress was not influenced by @entity2955 , which destroys noradrenergic nerve terminals. Furthermore, pretreatment with a beta-blocker, @entity1169 (15 or 25 mg/kg ip), inhibited both stress- and LPS-induced increases in the level of @entity777 mRNA, but pretreatment with an alpha-blocker, @entity5521 (5 mg/kg sc), did not inhibit them in @entity19 calvaria. In addition, treatment of calvaria with @entity3044 or @entity1063 increased @entity777 synthesis in the organ culture system. These results indicate that in vivo adrenergic stimulation modulates the osteoblastic activity in @entity19 calvaria via noradrenergic nerve terminals.

title: In vivo stimulation of sympathetic nervous system modulates osteoblastic activity in XXXX calvaria.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity18151 ( @entity18151 ) proteins interact with activated Ga subunits via their @entity18151 domains and accelerate the hydrolysis of @entity3007 . Whereas the R4 subfamily of @entity18151 proteins generally accepts both Gai/o and Gaq/11 subunits as substrates, the R7 and R12 subfamilies select against Gaq/11. In contrast, only one @entity18151 protein, @entity18232 , is known to be selective for Gaq/11. The molecular basis for this selectivity is not clear. Previously, the crystal structure of @entity18232 in complex with Gaq revealed a non-canonical interaction that could be due to interfacial differences imposed by @entity18232 , the Ga subunit, or both. To resolve this ambiguity, the 2.6    crystal structure of @entity72791 , an R4 subfamily member, was determined in complex with Gaq. @entity72791 adopts the same pose on Gaq as it does when bound to Gai3, indicating that the non-canonical interaction of @entity18232 with Gaq is due to unique features of @entity18232 . Based on the @entity72791 structure, residues in @entity72791 that contact a unique a-helical domain loop of Gaq were converted to those typically found in R12 subfamily members, and the reverse substitutions were introduced into @entity72792 , an R12 subfamily member. Although these substitutions perturbed their ability to stimulate GTP hydrolysis, they did not reverse selectivity. Instead, selectivity for Gaq seems more likely determined by whether strong contacts can be maintained between a of the @entity18151 domain and Switch III of Gaq, regions of high sequence and conformational diversity in both protein families.

title: Structure of the XXXX ( @entity72791 )-Gaq Complex: Molecular Basis for Ga Selectivity.

entities_list: @entity18151 :: ('MESH:C538387', 'Disease') :: ['Regulator of G protein signaling', 'RGS']

answer: @entity72791 :: (85397,Gene) :: ['Regulator of G Protein Signaling 8']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity18151 ( @entity18151 ) proteins interact with activated Ga subunits via their @entity18151 domains and accelerate the hydrolysis of @entity3007 . Whereas the R4 subfamily of @entity18151 proteins generally accepts both Gai/o and Gaq/11 subunits as substrates, the R7 and R12 subfamilies select against Gaq/11. In contrast, only one @entity18151 protein, @entity18232 , is known to be selective for Gaq/11. The molecular basis for this selectivity is not clear. Previously, the crystal structure of @entity18232 in complex with Gaq revealed a non-canonical interaction that could be due to interfacial differences imposed by @entity18232 , the Ga subunit, or both. To resolve this ambiguity, the 2.6    crystal structure of @entity72791 , an R4 subfamily member, was determined in complex with Gaq. @entity72791 adopts the same pose on Gaq as it does when bound to Gai3, indicating that the non-canonical interaction of @entity18232 with Gaq is due to unique features of @entity18232 . Based on the @entity72791 structure, residues in @entity72791 that contact a unique a-helical domain loop of Gaq were converted to those typically found in R12 subfamily members, and the reverse substitutions were introduced into @entity72792 , an R12 subfamily member. Although these substitutions perturbed their ability to stimulate GTP hydrolysis, they did not reverse selectivity. Instead, selectivity for Gaq seems more likely determined by whether strong contacts can be maintained between a of the @entity18151 domain and Switch III of Gaq, regions of high sequence and conformational diversity in both protein families.

title: Structure of the @entity72791 ( XXXX )-Gaq Complex: Molecular Basis for Ga Selectivity.

answer: @entity72791 :: (85397,Gene) :: ['RGS8']


abstract: Little has been published regarding the treatment of @entity1 with long-established capsular @entity1159 after previous submuscular or subglandular breast augmentation. This study reviews 7 years of experience in treating established capsular @entity1159 after augmentation mammaplasty by relocating implants to the "dual-plane" or partly subpectoral position. A retrospective chart review was performed on all @entity1 who were treated for capsular @entity1159 using this technique between 1993 and 1999. Data collected included the date of the original augmentation, the original implant location, date of revision and type of implant used, length of follow-up, outcome, and any ensuing complications. Different surgical techniques were used, depending on whether the prior implant was located in a subglandular or submuscular plane. All @entity1 had revisions such that their implants were relocated to a dual plane, with the superior two thirds or so of the implant located beneath the pectoralis major muscle and the inferior one third located subglandularly. Of 85 @entity1 reviewed, 54 had their original implants in a submuscular position and 31 had their initial augmentation in a subglandular position. Of the 54 @entity1 whose implants were initially submuscular, 23 @entity1 (43 percent) had @entity1346 gel implants, 15 @entity1 (28 percent) had double-lumen implants, and the remaining 16 @entity1 (30 percent) had saline implants. Of the 31 @entity1 whose implants were initially subglandular, 20 @entity1 (65 percent) had @entity1346 gel implants, three @entity1 (10 percent) had double-lumen implants, and the remaining eight @entity1 (26 percent) had saline implants. Fifty-one @entity1 (60 percent) had replacement with saline implants (37 smooth saline, 14 textured saline), whereas 34 (40 percent) had @entity1346 gel implants (seven smooth gel, 27 textured gel). The average time from previous augmentation to revision was 9 years 9 months. The average follow-up time after conversion to the @entity5748 was 11.5 months. Only three of 85 @entity1 required reoperation for complications, all of which involved some degree of implant malposition. Of @entity1 converted to the dual plane, 98 percent were free of capsular @entity1159 and were Baker class I at follow-up, whereas 2 percent were judged as Baker class II. There were no Baker level III or IV @entity1159 at follow-up. The dual-plane method of breast augmentation has proved to be an effective technique for correcting established capsular @entity1159 after previous augmentation mammaplasty. This technique appears to be effective when performed with either @entity1346 or saline-filled implants.

title: The correction of capsular XXXX by conversion to "dual-plane" positioning: technique and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['dual-plane position']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture', 'contractures']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['contracture']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: According to available data, @entity111 is a common symptom of @entity1569 , however its characteristics and pathogenesis are not clearly understood. AIM: The main aim of this study was to assess itching sensation among @entity1 suffering from @entity1569 , including its incidence and severity. All factors triggering and worsening pruritic symptoms were also carefully analyzed. The authors assessed the relationship of itch with body mass index (BMI) and severity of disease. Moreover, serum levels of @entity4155 ( @entity4155 ) and @entity22597 were analyzed in relation to Psoriasis Activity and Severity Index, BMI and severity of @entity111 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 60 @entity1 with @entity1569 . Analysis of impact of @entity111 on the quality of life and worsening factors was based on the questionnaire. The severity of @entity111 was assessed with the use of two independent scales. Serum @entity4155 and @entity22597 levels were measured in 30 @entity1 suffering from @entity1569 and in 10 healthy controls using immunoassay tests. RESULTS: 88.3% of analyzed @entity1 complained of itch and the most common factor which exacerbated @entity111 was stress (39.6%). @entity111 in @entity1569 was independent of gender, illness duration and extent of @entity272 . The average intensity of @entity111 was assessed as moderate and did not correlate significantly with BMI level, @entity4155 and @entity22597 . CONCLUSIONS: Since the pathogenesis of @entity111 in @entity1569 is not fully understood, further investigation in this area needs to be conducted. @entity111 may be considered as a characteristic feature of @entity1569 and, besides the @entity272 , should be a target in dermatological treatment to improve @entity1 's quality of life.

title: Itching sensation in psoriatic @entity1 and its relation to body mass index and @entity4155 and XXXX concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque-type psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity22597 :: (386653,Gene) :: ['IL-31']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: According to available data, @entity111 is a common symptom of @entity1569 , however its characteristics and pathogenesis are not clearly understood. AIM: The main aim of this study was to assess itching sensation among @entity1 suffering from @entity1569 , including its incidence and severity. All factors triggering and worsening pruritic symptoms were also carefully analyzed. The authors assessed the relationship of itch with body mass index (BMI) and severity of disease. Moreover, serum levels of @entity4155 ( @entity4155 ) and @entity22597 were analyzed in relation to Psoriasis Activity and Severity Index, BMI and severity of @entity111 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 60 @entity1 with @entity1569 . Analysis of impact of @entity111 on the quality of life and worsening factors was based on the questionnaire. The severity of @entity111 was assessed with the use of two independent scales. Serum @entity4155 and @entity22597 levels were measured in 30 @entity1 suffering from @entity1569 and in 10 healthy controls using immunoassay tests. RESULTS: 88.3% of analyzed @entity1 complained of itch and the most common factor which exacerbated @entity111 was stress (39.6%). @entity111 in @entity1569 was independent of gender, illness duration and extent of @entity272 . The average intensity of @entity111 was assessed as moderate and did not correlate significantly with BMI level, @entity4155 and @entity22597 . CONCLUSIONS: Since the pathogenesis of @entity111 in @entity1569 is not fully understood, further investigation in this area needs to be conducted. @entity111 may be considered as a characteristic feature of @entity1569 and, besides the @entity272 , should be a target in dermatological treatment to improve @entity1 's quality of life.

title: Itching sensation in psoriatic @entity1 and its relation to body mass index and XXXX and @entity22597 concentrations.

answer: @entity4155 :: (3605,Gene) :: ['IL-17']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: According to available data, @entity111 is a common symptom of @entity1569 , however its characteristics and pathogenesis are not clearly understood. AIM: The main aim of this study was to assess itching sensation among @entity1 suffering from @entity1569 , including its incidence and severity. All factors triggering and worsening pruritic symptoms were also carefully analyzed. The authors assessed the relationship of itch with body mass index (BMI) and severity of disease. Moreover, serum levels of @entity4155 ( @entity4155 ) and @entity22597 were analyzed in relation to Psoriasis Activity and Severity Index, BMI and severity of @entity111 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 60 @entity1 with @entity1569 . Analysis of impact of @entity111 on the quality of life and worsening factors was based on the questionnaire. The severity of @entity111 was assessed with the use of two independent scales. Serum @entity4155 and @entity22597 levels were measured in 30 @entity1 suffering from @entity1569 and in 10 healthy controls using immunoassay tests. RESULTS: 88.3% of analyzed @entity1 complained of itch and the most common factor which exacerbated @entity111 was stress (39.6%). @entity111 in @entity1569 was independent of gender, illness duration and extent of @entity272 . The average intensity of @entity111 was assessed as moderate and did not correlate significantly with BMI level, @entity4155 and @entity22597 . CONCLUSIONS: Since the pathogenesis of @entity111 in @entity1569 is not fully understood, further investigation in this area needs to be conducted. @entity111 may be considered as a characteristic feature of @entity1569 and, besides the @entity272 , should be a target in dermatological treatment to improve @entity1 's quality of life.

title: Itching sensation in psoriatic XXXX and its relation to body mass index and @entity4155 and @entity22597 concentrations.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity706 ( @entity706 ) is an indolent @entity1893 that is highly sensitive to radiotherapy (RT). However, the effectiveness of RT has not been well established. We reviewed our experiences to assess the role of RT for @entity706 and analyze treatment results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis was done on 29 @entity1 who received first RT between January 2003 and August 2013. Of 23 early stage (stage I, II) @entity1 , 16 received RT alone, four received chemotherapy followed by RT, two received RT postoperatively, and one received salvage RT for relapse after resection. Six advanced-stage (stage III, IV) @entity1 received RT after chemotherapy: two received consolidation RT, three received salvage RT for @entity75 , and one received RT for progressive sites. Median RT dose was 30.6 Gy (range, 21.6 to 48.6 Gy). Median follow-up duration was 62 months (range, 6 to 141 months). RESULTS: All @entity1 showed complete response in the radiation field. Eight outfield relapses were reported. Seven @entity1 received salvage treatment (three chemotherapy, four RT). Four @entity1 showed excellent responses, especially to RT. Estimated 5-year and 10-year relapse-free survivals were 72% and 60%. In the RT-alone group, 5-year relapse-free survival was 74.5%. All advanced-stage @entity1 were disease-free with 100% 5-year overall survival. @entity204 was noted in only one @entity1 ; four others died of other unrelated causes. No significant @entity137 was reported. CONCLUSION: RT resulted in excellent treatment outcomes for all @entity706 stages when used as a primary treatment modality for early stage or salvage-treatment modality for @entity5 .

title: Radiotherapy as an effective treatment modality for XXXX : a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['FL', 'Follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['residual lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Disease-specific death']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apoptosis mediates in @entity167 -induced @entity299 leading to @entity296 ( @entity296 ). Myocyte proliferation may compensate for myocyte loss. @entity49162 is upregulated after cardiac damage and by @entity167 consumption thereby decreasing myocyte renewal. We assess the potential role of @entity167 in inducing myocyte apoptosis as well as in inhibiting myocyte proliferation. METHODS: Heart samples were obtained from organ donors, including 22 high @entity167 consumers, 22 with @entity101 , 8 with other causes of @entity296 , and 10 healthy donors. Evaluation included medical record with data on daily, recent and lifetime @entity1068 consumption, chest X-ray, left ventricular (LV) function assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography, and LV histology and immunohistochemistry. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL, @entity589 , and @entity588 assays. Myocyte proliferation was evaluated with Ki-67 assay. @entity49162 activity was measured with a specific immunohistochemical assay. @entity296 was assessed by functional and histological criteria. RESULTS: Alcoholic and @entity101 donors with @entity296 showed higher apoptotic indices than did their partners without @entity296 . @entity49162 activity was higher in alcoholics than in controls, mainly in those with @entity296 . The increase in @entity49162 expression in alcoholic @entity296 was higher than in other groups. The Ki-67 proliferation index increased in all groups with @entity296 compared to those without @entity296 , with alcoholics showing a lower increase in this proliferation response. CONCLUSIONS: @entity167 produces cardiac myocyte loss through apoptosis but also partially inhibits myocyte proliferation through @entity49162 up-regulation. The final result may suppose an imbalance in myocyte homeostasis, with a net loss in total ventricular myocyte mass and progressive @entity67 .

title: Increased XXXX activity and decreased myocyte proliferation in chronic alcoholic cardiomyopathy.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'CMP']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity49162 :: ('2660', 'Gene') :: ['Myostatin', 'myostatin']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart damage']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity49162 :: (2660,Gene) :: ['myostatin']


abstract: AIM: Neural stem cells (NSC) are clonogenic cells, capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, since, under the appropriated experimental conditions, they proliferate indefinitely as undifferentiated neurospheres or differentiate in neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. @entity191 is a @entity179 characterized by the progressive @entity528 . METHODS: Here we investigated the suitability of recently identified and characterized neuronal progenitor cells at eliciting functional recovery in unilateral 6HODA-lesioned @entity19 . We describe herein that intrastriatal engraftment of stem cell-derived neurons isolated from the olfactory bulb to give @entity528 results in long lasting functional recovery in 6OHDA-injured @entity19 . RESULTS: Unilateral injection of @entity2955 resulted in a progressive @entity179 of the nigro-striatal pathway. Likewise, the systemic administration of @entity3034 in these @entity19 elicited a marked contralateral turning which was evident 1 week post, increased during the following week and than stabilize throughout the time of the experiment. Conversely, the intrastriatal implantation of partially differentiated stem cells at 14 days postlesion, resulted in a profound decrease in @entity3034 -induced circling behavior; interestingly, the effect was evident 1 week after the engraftment and was retained during the following 9 weeks. Detailed biochemical and immunohistochemical evaluation is currently under investigation in our laboratory. Conclusion. Our observation opens new perspectives for the treatment of @entity179 in @entity191 .

title: Neural stem cells. Biological features and therapeutic potential in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['rise dopaminergic-like neurons', 'loss of dopaminergic neurons']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Four @entity1 presented to the emergency room with life-threatening @entity4144 and concomitant watery @entity294 . @entity3485 , @entity520 , and @entity177 were present in all 4 cases. In 2 @entity1 , @entity4144 followed initiation of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor therapy, whereas 1 @entity1 experienced @entity4144 after a dose increase of an @entity1289 inhibitor, and the fourth @entity1 was on continuous @entity1289 -inhibitor therapy at the time of the @entity4144 episode. Two of the 3 @entity1 with functioning kidneys required hemodialysis to correct the @entity4144 , whereas the other @entity1 was on long-term hemodialysis therapy. In the 2 @entity1 in whom transtubular @entity972 (K+) gradients were available, their values ranged far below normal, indicating tubular failure to secrete K+. This abnormality was attributed to decreased distal delivery of @entity1372 and water and to @entity916 / @entity2178 / @entity1369 blockade. It has been proposed that @entity1369 blockade impairs the capacity of the colonic epithelial cells to secrete K+. In all 4 @entity1 the watery @entity294 ceased in parallel with the correction of serum K+ to normal values. It is suggested that @entity4144 , most likely by stimulating intestinal motility, induced the watery @entity294 in all 4 @entity1 . The watery @entity294 , however, failed to compensate for the renal tubular failure to secrete K+.

title: @entity4144 with concomitant watery XXXX : an unusual association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['Hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: Four @entity1 presented to the emergency room with life-threatening @entity4144 and concomitant watery @entity294 . @entity3485 , @entity520 , and @entity177 were present in all 4 cases. In 2 @entity1 , @entity4144 followed initiation of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor therapy, whereas 1 @entity1 experienced @entity4144 after a dose increase of an @entity1289 inhibitor, and the fourth @entity1 was on continuous @entity1289 -inhibitor therapy at the time of the @entity4144 episode. Two of the 3 @entity1 with functioning kidneys required hemodialysis to correct the @entity4144 , whereas the other @entity1 was on long-term hemodialysis therapy. In the 2 @entity1 in whom transtubular @entity972 (K+) gradients were available, their values ranged far below normal, indicating tubular failure to secrete K+. This abnormality was attributed to decreased distal delivery of @entity1372 and water and to @entity916 / @entity2178 / @entity1369 blockade. It has been proposed that @entity1369 blockade impairs the capacity of the colonic epithelial cells to secrete K+. In all 4 @entity1 the watery @entity294 ceased in parallel with the correction of serum K+ to normal values. It is suggested that @entity4144 , most likely by stimulating intestinal motility, induced the watery @entity294 in all 4 @entity1 . The watery @entity294 , however, failed to compensate for the renal tubular failure to secrete K+.

title: XXXX with concomitant watery @entity294 : an unusual association.

answer: @entity4144 :: (MESH:D006947,Disease) :: ['Hyperkalemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many surgeons are reluctant to use esophageal stents during neoadjuvant therapy for @entity418 because of concerns about nutritional status, stent-related complications, or added difficulties during esophagogastrectomy. We hypothesized that esophageal stenting during neoadjuvant therapy allows for optimal nutritional intake without adversely affecting perioperative outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This study is a prospective, dual-institution, single-arm, phase II evaluation of @entity418 @entity1 undergoing neoadjuvant therapy before resection. All @entity1 had a self-expanding polymer stent placed before neoadjuvant therapy. We monitored @entity1282 symptoms, nutritional status, stent-related complications, and perioperative complications during the course of therapy and 90 days postoperatively. RESULTS: We enrolled 32 @entity1 with @entity1282 and @entity353 who were eligible for neoadjuvant therapy. After stent placement, 2 @entity1 had stent migrations requiring replacement. No erosive complications were observed. During the course of neoadjuvant therapy, we noted improvement in @entity1282 , mild @entity353 , and maintenance of performance status. At a median of 50 days (range 18 to 92 days) after completion of neoadjuvant therapy, 20 @entity1 underwent margin-negative esophagogastrectomy (16 Ivor Lewis, 4 minimally invasive) without problems with stent removal or difficulty in surgical dissection. Twelve @entity1 did not undergo resection due to development of @entity3 (n = 8) or rapid decline in functional status (n = 4). Major perioperative complications included @entity1151 (n = 2), chyle leak (n = 1), and @entity130 (n = 1). No surgical complications were attributed to stent placement. CONCLUSIONS: Use of esophageal stents during neoadjuvant therapy is safe and results in resolution of @entity1282 , mild @entity353 , and maintenance of performance status without an effect on intraoperative dissection, perioperative complications, or delay in resection after neoadjuvant therapy.

title: A prospective phase II evaluation of esophageal stenting for neoadjuvant therapy for XXXX : optimal performance and surgical safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial injury']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with chronic @entity5327 (CMI), traditional bypass surgery carries a high operative mortality. Endovascular therapy for reconstruction of the mesenteric vascular system has high technical success but poor long-term patency. Secondary procedures are often mandatory for recurrent disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate an endovascular-first treatment strategy for CMI, reserving open reconstruction for complex disease patterns without an endovascular option. STUDY DESIGN: Data for consecutive adult @entity1 (N = 107) initially treated with endovascular techniques for CMI were reviewed. The management algorithm consisted of postoperative and biannual ultrasound and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 107 @entity1 with CMI were treated from April 2004 through June 2010. Technical success for endovascular reconstruction was 100%. Long-term follow-up data were available on 90% of @entity1 . After the index procedure, 57% of @entity1 (n = 55) had complete resolution of the preoperative symptoms. During the management phase, 83% of @entity1 had elevated velocities on duplex evaluation. During this interval, 53% of @entity1 required no further intervention after the index procedure, and the remaining @entity1 required an additional 78 procedures. Five @entity1 required open revascularization for recurrent disease, and only 2 @entity1 died from complications of @entity5327 . CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular management for CMI has a high technical success rate with low morbidity and mortality. Regular follow-up is essential to optimize @entity1 outcomes. Ultrasound findings alone are a poor predictor of recurrent disease. Long-term success requires adaptation of a management program to elicit recurrent symptoms and offer prompt treatment.

title: Management of chronic XXXX : an endovascular approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric insufficiency']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric vascular insufficiency']


abstract: The total @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) count is reported to be an independent predictor of mortality in several prospective studies. We investigated the association between total and differential @entity1503 counts and cigarette smoking habit in a cross-sectional population-based study of 6902 @entity1 and 8405 @entity1 39-79 years of age participating between July 1994 and 1997 in the European Prospective Investigation of @entity5 (EPIC-Norfolk) study. Main outcome measures included @entity1503 , granulocyte, lymphocyte and monocyte counts measured at a baseline health check and self-reported cigarette smoking habit. The age- and body mass index-adjusted mean total @entity1503 counts were 7.8, 6.4, and 6.2x10(3) per ul (P<0.0001) among male current, former and never smokers, respectively, and 7.4, 6.3 and 6.2x10(3) per ul (P<0.0001), respectively, in @entity1 . The greatest absolute and percentage differences between smoking groups were observed for the granulocyte count. Current smoking habit had a stronger effect on mean total @entity1503 counts than cumulative exposure as measured by pack years. Among former smokers mean age- and body mass index-adjusted @entity1503 , granulocyte and lymphocyte counts were inversely related to duration of smoking cessation (P< or =0.02). Smokers who had given up less than 12 months previously had @entity1503 counts substantially lower (6.7 and 6.9x10(3) per ul, respectively, in @entity1 and @entity1 ) than current smokers. In conclusion, the total @entity1503 count and its components (particularly the granulocyte count) are strongly associated with cigarette smoking habit. Smoking cessation may have an almost immediate impact at least on pathophysiologic processes such as @entity32 that may be indicated by the @entity1503 count. The apparent almost immediate reversibility of effects of smoking on @entity32 , as indicated by the @entity1503 count, may help motivate efforts to stop smoking.

title: Smoking status and differential white cell count in XXXX and @entity1 in the EPIC-Norfolk population.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['WBC', 'white blood cell']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The total @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) count is reported to be an independent predictor of mortality in several prospective studies. We investigated the association between total and differential @entity1503 counts and cigarette smoking habit in a cross-sectional population-based study of 6902 @entity1 and 8405 @entity1 39-79 years of age participating between July 1994 and 1997 in the European Prospective Investigation of @entity5 (EPIC-Norfolk) study. Main outcome measures included @entity1503 , granulocyte, lymphocyte and monocyte counts measured at a baseline health check and self-reported cigarette smoking habit. The age- and body mass index-adjusted mean total @entity1503 counts were 7.8, 6.4, and 6.2x10(3) per ul (P<0.0001) among male current, former and never smokers, respectively, and 7.4, 6.3 and 6.2x10(3) per ul (P<0.0001), respectively, in @entity1 . The greatest absolute and percentage differences between smoking groups were observed for the granulocyte count. Current smoking habit had a stronger effect on mean total @entity1503 counts than cumulative exposure as measured by pack years. Among former smokers mean age- and body mass index-adjusted @entity1503 , granulocyte and lymphocyte counts were inversely related to duration of smoking cessation (P< or =0.02). Smokers who had given up less than 12 months previously had @entity1503 counts substantially lower (6.7 and 6.9x10(3) per ul, respectively, in @entity1 and @entity1 ) than current smokers. In conclusion, the total @entity1503 count and its components (particularly the granulocyte count) are strongly associated with cigarette smoking habit. Smoking cessation may have an almost immediate impact at least on pathophysiologic processes such as @entity32 that may be indicated by the @entity1503 count. The apparent almost immediate reversibility of effects of smoking on @entity32 , as indicated by the @entity1503 count, may help motivate efforts to stop smoking.

title: Smoking status and differential white cell count in @entity1 and XXXX in the EPIC-Norfolk population.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography (US) changes have been noted in @entity1 with @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ). Here, we report that some @entity1 with late stage @entity1669 have a distinctive, previously unreported finding on US that we call the "hypoechoic triangle sign" ( @entity51 ). METHODS: On US, the @entity51 sign was characterized as a well-defined area of low echogenicity, about 10   mm in diameter, between the lateral margin of one or both thyroid lobes, the medial wall of the carotid artery, and, posteriorly, the prevertebral muscles. Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity1669 who had the @entity51 sign (Group 1) were compared with 71 @entity1 with @entity1669 who had normal serum thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroid hormones levels (Group 2) and with 154 normal controls (Group 3). TSH was tested at least twice, first as part of their regular clinical care and then in follow-up. The groups were similar in terms of age, sex, and body mass index. Thyroid volume by US, TSH, free @entity1954 , free @entity1955 , antithyroid antibodies, and @entity1955 treatment were evaluated. Sonographic gray-scale analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction of @entity51 region were performed in five of the Group 1 @entity1 . RESULTS: Thyroid volume was significantly smaller (p   <   0.01) in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3 (6.9        2.18 vs. 10.4        2.1 and 9.8        2.5   mL, respectively). In Group 1, 61.5% of subjects were taking @entity1955 for @entity1375 ; none of the Group 2 or 3 @entity1 was taking thyroid hormone. Serum TSH was significantly higher (p   <   0.01) in Group 1 versus Groups 2 and 3 (3.6        1.3 vs. 2.18        1.4 and 1.9        1.1   mIU/L, respectively). None of the Group 2 or 3 @entity1 had the @entity51 sign. Gray-scale US demonstrated an overlap between @entity51 zone and the surrounding muscle tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity51 sign seems to be specific for overt @entity1374 in @entity1 with @entity1669 as it was not noted in @entity1 with @entity1669 not having overt @entity1374 . The incidental finding of the @entity51 sign during cervical US examination should prompt obtaining thyroid function tests to rule out @entity1375 . Our study provides data regarding specificity but not sensitivity of the @entity51 sign for @entity1669 and @entity1374 because a consecutive group of @entity1669 @entity1 with @entity1374 was not studied. In addition, the specificity of the @entity51 sign for @entity1669 needs to be evaluated further by studying a diverse group of @entity1374 .

title: "Hypoechoic triangle": a new sonographic sign or marker of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'l-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid failure', 'thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']


abstract: @entity5820 remains one of the most important pathogens of early life in @entity1641 , yet conventional vaccines to prevent @entity55 have not been successful. DNA vaccination offers an alternative to conventional vaccines with specific advantages for immunization of neonates. We developed a DNA vaccine expressing the @entity16840 gene (pVR1055vapA) that induced an anamnestic response characterized by @entity16840 ( @entity16840 )-specific IgG antibodies in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as @entity16840 -specific proliferation of pulmonary lymphocytes when tested in adult ponies. In contrast, none of the adults receiving the control plasmid responded. To determine if pVR1055vapA induced @entity16840 -specific responses in the foal, the targeted age group for vaccination against @entity5820 , 10 na  ve foals were randomly assigned at birth to two groups of five. At 8-15 days of age (day 1), foals were vaccinated by intranasal and intradermal (i.d.) routes with either pVR1055vapA or the negative control pVR1055vapA_rev. All foals were DNA boosted at day 14 and protein boosted at day 30 with either recombinant @entity16840 or recombinant CAT (control group). Prior to the protein boost, neither group developed @entity16840 -specific immune responses. However, at day 45, two of the VR1055vapA-vaccinated foals had increased titers of @entity16840 -specific IgGb, IgM and IgGa in the sera, and IgG in the BALF. The induction of the opsonizing isotypes IgGa and IgGb has been previously shown to be associated with protection against @entity5820 . No @entity16840 -specific immune responses were detected in the control group. This study indicates that the DNA vaccine effectively stimulates anamnestic systemic and pulmonary immune responses in adult @entity1641 . The results in foals suggest that the DNA vaccine also primed a subset of immunized neonates. These data support further development and modification to produce a DNA vaccine to more effectively prime neonatal foals.

title: Analysis of anamnestic immune responses in adult XXXX and priming in neonates induced by a DNA vaccine expressing the vapA gene of @entity5820 .

entities_list: @entity5820 :: ('43767', 'Species') :: ['R. equi', 'Rhodococcus equi']

entities_list: @entity16840 :: ('1238336(Tax:43767)', 'Gene') :: ['VapA', 'virulence associated protein A', 'vapA']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['rhodococcal pneumonia']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: @entity5820 remains one of the most important pathogens of early life in @entity1641 , yet conventional vaccines to prevent @entity55 have not been successful. DNA vaccination offers an alternative to conventional vaccines with specific advantages for immunization of neonates. We developed a DNA vaccine expressing the @entity16840 gene (pVR1055vapA) that induced an anamnestic response characterized by @entity16840 ( @entity16840 )-specific IgG antibodies in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as @entity16840 -specific proliferation of pulmonary lymphocytes when tested in adult ponies. In contrast, none of the adults receiving the control plasmid responded. To determine if pVR1055vapA induced @entity16840 -specific responses in the foal, the targeted age group for vaccination against @entity5820 , 10 na  ve foals were randomly assigned at birth to two groups of five. At 8-15 days of age (day 1), foals were vaccinated by intranasal and intradermal (i.d.) routes with either pVR1055vapA or the negative control pVR1055vapA_rev. All foals were DNA boosted at day 14 and protein boosted at day 30 with either recombinant @entity16840 or recombinant CAT (control group). Prior to the protein boost, neither group developed @entity16840 -specific immune responses. However, at day 45, two of the VR1055vapA-vaccinated foals had increased titers of @entity16840 -specific IgGb, IgM and IgGa in the sera, and IgG in the BALF. The induction of the opsonizing isotypes IgGa and IgGb has been previously shown to be associated with protection against @entity5820 . No @entity16840 -specific immune responses were detected in the control group. This study indicates that the DNA vaccine effectively stimulates anamnestic systemic and pulmonary immune responses in adult @entity1641 . The results in foals suggest that the DNA vaccine also primed a subset of immunized neonates. These data support further development and modification to produce a DNA vaccine to more effectively prime neonatal foals.

title: Analysis of anamnestic immune responses in adult @entity1641 and priming in neonates induced by a DNA vaccine expressing the vapA gene of XXXX .

answer: @entity5820 :: (43767,Species) :: ['Rhodococcus equi']


abstract: 1. Atypical beta-adrenoceptors resistant to propranolol, but blocked by bupranolol, increase contractile force and/or frequency of the heart in @entity1 and @entity35 . We compared the potencies of the enantiomers of bupranolol and examined the possible effects of seven bupranolol analogues including bevantolol ( @entity1493 ) at this receptor in pithed and vagotomized @entity35 . 2. CGP 12177, an agonist of the atypical beta-adrenoceptor, increased heart rate dose-dependently. Its dose-response curve was shifted to the right by S-(-)-bupranolol 10 micro mol kg(-1) by a factor of 8.4, but not affected by the same dose of R-(+)-bupranolol. 3. Desmethylbupranolol and compounds BK-21, BK-22, BK-23 and BK-25 also increased heart rate dose-dependently. The @entity10343 antagonist CGP 20712 given in combination with the @entity10341 antagonist ICI 118,551 (0.1 micro mol kg(-1) each) reduced the positive chronotropic action of the five bupranolol analogues without affecting that of CGP 12177. The potencies of the bupranolol analogues to increase heart rate were correlated (r=0.91, P<0.05) with their affinities for @entity10343 binding sites in @entity35 brain cortex membranes labelled with [(3)H]CGP 12177 (in the presence of ICI 118,551). 4. BK-26 and @entity1493 , 10 micro mol kg(-1) each, had only minor effects on heart rate by themselves and did not antagonize the effect of CGP 12177. However, at 1 micro mol kg(-1), they antagonized the increase in heart rate elicited by the @entity10343 agonist prenalterol. 5. In conclusion, bupranolol is a stereoselective antagonist at the atypical cardiostimulant beta-adrenoceptor. The effects of the bupranolol analogues are related to the activation or blockade of beta(1)-adrenoceptors, but not of atypical beta-adrenoceptors.

title: Atypical cardiostimulant beta-adrenoceptor in the XXXX heart: stereoselective antagonism by bupranolol but lack of effect by some bupranolol analogues.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We studied progress in the fight against @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) in the Netherlands by describing the changes in incidence, treatment, relative survival, and mortality during 1989-2007. @entity1 AND METHODS: We included all adult @entity1 with @entity1893 [i.e. all mature B-, T-, and natural killer (NK) cell @entity5 , with the exception of @entity8450 ], newly diagnosed in the period 1989-2007 and recorded in the Netherlands Cancer Registry (n=55 069). Regular mortality data were derived from Statistics Netherlands. Follow-up was completed up to 1 January 2009. Annual percentages of change in incidence, mortality, and relative survival were calculated. RESULTS: The incidence of indolent B-cell and T- and NK-cell @entity5 rose significantly (estimated annual percentage change=1.2% and 1.3%, respectively); incidence of @entity1892 remained stable. Mortality due to @entity1893 remained stable between 1989 and 2003, and has decreased since 2003. Five-year relative survival rates rose from 67% to 75%, and from 43% to 52%, respectively, for indolent and aggressive mature B-cell @entity5 , but 5-year survival remained stable at 48% for T- and NK-cell @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In the Netherlands, incidence of indolent mature B-cell and mature T- and NK-cell @entity5 has increased since 1989 but remained stable for aggressive @entity5 . Survival increased for all mature B-cell @entity5 , preceding a declining mortality and increased prevalence of @entity1893 (17 597 on 1 January 2008).

title: Diverging trends in incidence and mortality, and improved survival of XXXX , in the Netherlands, 1989-2007.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive B-cell neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell neoplasms']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: In @entity3881 expression of genes or operons encoding enzymes and other proteins involved in @entity10043 synthesis is affected by @entity10043 bases and @entity2642 in the growth medium. The genes belonging to the PurR regulon (purR, purA, glyA, guaC, pbuO, pbuG, and the pur, yqhZ-folD, and xpt-pbuX operons) are controlled by the PurR repressor, which inhibits transcription initiation. Other genes are regulated by a less-well-described transcription termination mechanism that responds to the presence of @entity3625 and @entity2774 . The pur operon and the xpt-pbuX operon, which were studied here, are regulated by both mechanisms. We isolated two mutants resistant to @entity72793 in which the pur operon and the xpt-pbuX operon are expressed at increased levels in a PurR-independent manner. The mutations were caused by deletions that disrupted a potential transcription terminator structure located immediately upstream of the ydhL gene. The 5' part of the ydhL leader region contained a 63- @entity377 (nt) sequence very similar to the 5' ends of the leaders of the pur and xpt-pbuX operons. Transcripts of these regions may form a common tandem stem-loop secondary structure. Two additional genes with potential leader regions containing the 63-nt sequence are pbuG, encoding a @entity3625 - @entity2774 transporter, and yxjA, which was shown to encode a @entity10043 @entity2353 transporter and is renamed nupG. Transcriptional lacZ fusions and mutations in the 63-nt sequence encoding the possible secondary structures provided evidence that expression of the pur and xpt-pbuX operons and expression of the ydhL, nupG, and pbuG genes are regulated by a common mechanism. The new pur regulon is designated the XptR regulon. Except for ydhL, the operons and genes were negatively regulated by @entity3625 and @entity2774 . ydhL was positively regulated. The derived @entity535 sequence encoded by ydhL (now called pbuE) is similar to the @entity535 sequences of metabolite efflux pumps. When overexpressed, PbuE lowers the sensitivity to @entity10043 analogs. Indirect evidence indicated that PbuE decreases the size of the internal pool of @entity3625 . This explains why the @entity3625 - and @entity2774 -regulated genes are expressed at elevated levels in a mutant that overexpresses pbuE.

title: Definition of a second XXXX pur regulon comprising the pur and xpt-pbuX operons plus pbuG, nupG (yxjA), and pbuE (ydhL).

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity72793 :: ('MESH:C038208', 'Chemical') :: ['2-fluoroadenine']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the occurrence and patterns of @entity3556 during the earliest stages of pregnancy. We explore this in a prospective study of early pregnancy. METHODS: A total of 221 healthy @entity1 kept daily diaries and provided daily urine samples while trying to become pregnant. Of these, 151 @entity1 became clinically pregnant [i.e. pregnancy that lasted >/=6 weeks beyond last menstrual period (LMP)] during the study. Diaries provided information on days with @entity3556 and sexual intercourse. Urine hormone assays were used to identify ovulation and implantation. @entity1 were interviewed about their medical histories and lifestyle factors. RESULTS: A total of 14 @entity1 (9%) recorded at least 1 day of @entity3556 during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy. Twelve of these 14 pregnancies continued to a live birth. Bleeding tended to occur around the time when @entity1 would expect their periods, although rarely on the day of implantation. Bleeding was not associated with intercourse. CONCLUSIONS: Early @entity548 in clinical pregnancies is generally light, and not likely to be mistaken for LMP. Thus, early @entity548 is unlikely to contribute to errors in LMP-based gestational age. We found no support for the hypothesis that implantation can produce @entity3556 . Similarly, intercourse did not cause @entity548 . Nearly all @entity1 with @entity548 went on to have successful pregnancies.

title: XXXX in very early pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity3556 :: (MESH:D014592,Disease) :: ['Vaginal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent literature advocates the decrease of the upper limit of the normal thyrotropin (TSH) reference range. The objective of this study was to determine whether treated @entity1375 @entity1 maintained within a low-normal TSH range (0.4-2.0 mIU/L) have better clinical outcomes than those maintained within a high-normal TSH range (2.0-4.0 mIU/L). METHODS: The study was performed in a thyroid outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital. This was a prospective, interventional study. Forty-two @entity1 with newly diagnosed overt @entity1375 were paired in two groups: group 1 (n=20), low-normal target TSH; group 2 (n = 22), high-normal target TSH. @entity1955 was initiated, and dose was adjusted to achieve and sustain the target TSH value during the study period. After the target TSH was reached, @entity1 were evaluated every 3 months for thyroid function, serum lipid profile, resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition, and bone mineral density, for 12 months. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 in group 1 and 16 in group 2 completed the study. In the whole-group analysis, total @entity165 (p = 0.01), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (p = 0.004), and @entity1674 (p < 0.001) decreased after treatment, whereas REE per kilogram of lean body mass (p = 0.001) and total fat body mass (p =0.02) increased. Group 1 @entity1 had a significantly higher relative increase in REE (+7.1%    11.3% vs. +3.6%    15.1%, p = 0.02). There was no difference between the groups in the other variables. CONCLUSIONS: Despite recent trends toward lowering the upper limit of normal TSH range, the results of this 12-month study provided no substantial clinical evidence to corroborate that treatment of @entity1375 should aim at maintaining TSH levels in a low-normal range

title: Low-normal or high-normal thyrotropin target levels during treatment of XXXX : a prospective, comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['Levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['hypothyroidism']


abstract: External apical root resorption (EARR) is an imperfectly understood problem of orthodontic treatment. The records of 138 @entity1 with @entity17431 (overjet > 7 mm) participating in a randomized clinical trial of early orthodontic treatment were reviewed. The @entity1 were treated in either 1 phase with fixed appliances only (n = 49) or 2 phases with headgear (n = 49) or bionator (n = 40) followed by fixed appliances. The 3 groups were similar in age, sex, and @entity3232 severity at enrollment. The records examined included anamnestic data, clinical examination records, panoramic radiographs before and after fixed appliance therapy, and posttreatment periapical radiographs. All radiographs were reviewed and scored independently by 2 examiners for maxillary incisor root development, morphology, and EARR. Of the 532 incisors scored, 11% of central and 14% of lateral incisors demonstrated moderate to severe (>2 mm) EARR. The proportion of incisors with moderate to severe EARR was slightly greater in the 1-phase treatment group. There was no difference in the incidence of EARR between teeth that had had @entity130 and those that had not, and there was only a slight increase in frequency of root resorption in teeth with unusual root morphology. Significant associations exist among EARR, the magnitude of @entity2632 , and the time spent wearing fixed appliances. However, not all incisors in a @entity1 respond in the same way, so other variables must play a role in determining the root response to orthodontic forces.

title: External apical root resorption in XXXX : a retrospective review of 1- versus 2-phase treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity2632 :: ('MESH:D057887', 'Disease') :: ['overjet reduction']

entities_list: @entity17431 :: ('MESH:D008312', 'Disease') :: ['Class II malocclusion']

answer: @entity17431 :: (MESH:D008312,Disease) :: ['Class II malocclusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a randomised, controlled trial of cognitive-existential group therapy (CEGT) for @entity1 with @entity5 @entity0 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with the aim of improving mood and mental attitude to @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomised to 20 sessions of weekly group therapy plus 3 relaxation classes or to a control arm receiving 3 relaxation classes. Assessments, independently done at baseline, 6 and 12 months, included a structured psychiatric interview and validated questionnaires covering mood, attitudes to @entity5 , family relationships, and satisfaction with therapy. RESULTS: Three hundred and three of 491 (62%) eligible @entity1 participated over 3 years. @entity147 was high pre-intervention: 10% were diagnosed as suffering from @entity308 , 27% from minor @entity308 and 9% from @entity148 . On an intention-to-treat analysis, there was a trend for those receiving group therapy (n=154) to have reduced @entity148 (p=0.05, 2-sided) compared to controls (n=149). @entity1 in group therapy also showed a trend towards improved family functioning compared to controls (p=0.07, 2-sided). The @entity1 in the groups reported greater satisfaction with their therapy (p<0.001, 2-sided), appreciating the support and citing better coping, self-growth and increased knowledge about @entity5 and its treatment. They valued the CEGT therapy. Overall effect size for the group intervention was small (d=0.25), with @entity5 recurrence having a deleterious effect in three of the 19 therapy groups. Psychologists as a discipline achieved a moderate mean effect size (d=0.52). CONCLUSION: CEGT is a useful adjuvant psychological therapy for @entity1 with @entity5 @entity0 . Interaction effects between group members and therapists are relevant to outcome. Group-as-a-whole effects are powerful, but the training and experience of the therapist is especially critical to an efficacious outcome.

title: Cognitive-existential group psychotherapy for @entity1 with primary XXXX : a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'early stage']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Distress']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a randomised, controlled trial of cognitive-existential group therapy (CEGT) for @entity1 with @entity5 @entity0 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with the aim of improving mood and mental attitude to @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomised to 20 sessions of weekly group therapy plus 3 relaxation classes or to a control arm receiving 3 relaxation classes. Assessments, independently done at baseline, 6 and 12 months, included a structured psychiatric interview and validated questionnaires covering mood, attitudes to @entity5 , family relationships, and satisfaction with therapy. RESULTS: Three hundred and three of 491 (62%) eligible @entity1 participated over 3 years. @entity147 was high pre-intervention: 10% were diagnosed as suffering from @entity308 , 27% from minor @entity308 and 9% from @entity148 . On an intention-to-treat analysis, there was a trend for those receiving group therapy (n=154) to have reduced @entity148 (p=0.05, 2-sided) compared to controls (n=149). @entity1 in group therapy also showed a trend towards improved family functioning compared to controls (p=0.07, 2-sided). The @entity1 in the groups reported greater satisfaction with their therapy (p<0.001, 2-sided), appreciating the support and citing better coping, self-growth and increased knowledge about @entity5 and its treatment. They valued the CEGT therapy. Overall effect size for the group intervention was small (d=0.25), with @entity5 recurrence having a deleterious effect in three of the 19 therapy groups. Psychologists as a discipline achieved a moderate mean effect size (d=0.52). CONCLUSION: CEGT is a useful adjuvant psychological therapy for @entity1 with @entity5 @entity0 . Interaction effects between group members and therapists are relevant to outcome. Group-as-a-whole effects are powerful, but the training and experience of the therapist is especially critical to an efficacious outcome.

title: Cognitive-existential group psychotherapy for XXXX with primary @entity0 : a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the renal oxygenation in @entity164 2 @entity6 by blood oxygenation level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and 67 healthy controls were recruited. All @entity1 were further divided into four subgroups based on renal functional level. Bilateral renal cortical R2* ( @entity10911 *) and medullary R2* (MR2*) values were extracted and quantified on BOLD-MRI, then R2* ratio between medulla and cortex (MCR) was calculated. @entity10911 *, MR2* and MCR were compared among the groups separately. The relationships were analyzed between R2* values and clinical index of renal function. RESULTS: Compared with controls, MR2* and @entity10911 * in @entity6 were significantly increased. The positive relationship was found between MR2* and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and @entity10911 * was negatively correlated with eGFR. Interestingly, the MCR increased in early stage of @entity6 and decreased along with the aggravation of @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ). CONCLUSION: BOLD-MRI can non-invasively detect and assess the @entity8 in @entity6 . Our findings suggest that @entity519 in medulla is more apparent and earlier than in cortex. During the progression of @entity2316 , a reversion of corticomedullary oxygenation gradient can be detected, thus, MCR would be adopted to suppose the progression and prognosis of @entity2316 .

title: Noninvasive evaluation of renal oxygenation in XXXX by BOLD-MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The RESOLUTE US (R-US) trial is a prospective, observational study designed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the Resolute @entity17650 -eluting stent (R-ZES) in a U.S. population. BACKGROUND: The R-ZES releases @entity17650 over a 6-month period in order to achieve optimal clinical effectiveness and safety. METHODS: The R-US trial recruited @entity1 with de novo native coronary lesions suitable for 1- or 2-vessel treatment with stents from 2.25 to 4.0 mm in diameter. In the main analysis cohort (2.5- to 3.5-mm stents and single-lesion treatment), the primary endpoint was 12-month @entity177 ( @entity177 ) defined as the composite of @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), and clinically-driven @entity75 revascularization (TLR), compared with data from Endeavor @entity17650 -eluting stent (E-ZES) trials, adjusting for baseline covariates through propensity scores. RESULTS: Overall, 1,402 @entity1 were enrolled with a mean reference vessel diameter of 2.59    0.47 mm and @entity6 prevalence of 34.4%. In the main analysis cohort, @entity177 was 3.7% at 12 months compared with historical E-ZES results ( @entity177 = 6.5%). The R-ZES met the 3.3% margin of noninferiority (rate difference = -2.8%, upper 1-sided 95% confidence interval: -1.3%, p < 0.001). The overall @entity177 rate was 4.7%, and rates of @entity204 , @entity583 , and TLR were 0.7%, 1.4%, and 2.8%, respectively. The 12-month rate of stent @entity715 was 0.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The R-ZES achieved a very low rate of clinical restenosis while maintaining low rates of important clinical safety events such as @entity204 , @entity583 , and stent @entity715 at 1-year follow-up. (The Medtronic RESOLUTE US Clinical Trial [R-US]; NCT00726453).

title: Clinical evaluation of the Resolute XXXX -eluting coronary stent system in the treatment of de novo lesions in native coronary arteries: the RESOLUTE US clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity17650 :: ('MESH:C489443', 'Chemical') :: ['zotarolimus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['TLF', 'target lesion failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity17650 :: (MESH:C489443,Chemical) :: ['zotarolimus']


abstract: @entity12897 are lesions that usually occur on the wrist, foot and knee. They are rarely involved in the region of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ), with only 10 cases reported from 1978 to 2007. The authors report a case of a @entity12897 of the @entity1348 in a 45-year-old @entity1 . The @entity1 presented with a right @entity4 , 1cm anterior to the tragus. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a small oval hypodense mass of soft tissue in the right temporomandibular region with no relation to the condyle. Fine needle aspiration reported a @entity12897 of the @entity1348 . The @entity1 was taken to the operating room and a preauricular approach extending to the temporal region was carried out resulting in surgical excision of the mass. The histological findings were consistent with the diagnosis of a @entity12897 . The long term clinical and radiological follow-up (after 18 months) showed no sign of recurrence. The authors suggest, in accordance with the literature, that a surgical approach should be the treatment of choice in the case of a @entity12897 of the @entity1348 .

title: Synovial cyst of the XXXX : a case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['preauricular swelling']

entities_list: @entity12897 :: ('MESH:D013581', 'Disease') :: ['Synovial cysts', 'synovial cyst']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: Cancers of the head and neck have always represented a unique perspective in @entity5 staging. Not only are these lesions numerous in terms of anatomic sites of origin, but, unlike most other major @entity5 , they frequently and readily lend themselves to adequate clinical assessment by visual inspection and palpation, which greatly facilitates documentation by the trained clinician. In addition, their location often involves treatment programs that focus on nonsurgical organ-preservation strategies, and thus anatomic and histological data for comprehensive pathologic staging are often not available. Nevertheless, the processes involved in surgical decision-making and radiotherapy treatment planning require meticulous assessment and documentation of the extent of @entity66 . For all these reasons it is especially important to perform reliable and accurate pretreatment clinical staging of @entity135 . Also, many @entity1 who succumb to @entity135 do so as a result of @entity66 . Therefore, the staging system must take into account detailed local anatomic features that dictate management, since the degree of involvement of these structures by @entity5 may be as important as distant metastasis in threatening survival. For this reason the most recent @entity5 staging classification (6th edition) of the International Union Against @entity5 (UICC) and the American Joint Committee on @entity5 (AJCC) includes new criteria for the more advanced cases (e.g., T4 categories and stage IV disease). These criteria reflect the fact that in heterogeneous populations there is a realistic opportunity for cure in some @entity1 but not in others. This review summarizes the criteria used in the new TNM for @entity135 , and outlines the rationale behind the current changes. It also provides some guidance regarding optimal source data to facilitate classification in the registry setting. In addition, the need for additional changes in the future is recognized.

title: New TNM staging criteria for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional disease']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the @entity1337 and the quality of life of a constant daily dose of intrathecal drug administered at different flow rates in @entity1 treated for @entity1118 . We postulate that the quality of the @entity1337 , at the same daily dose, will show an infusion rate dependent pattern with decreased @entity158 at higher flow rates. @entity1 : Twenty consecutive @entity1 on stable intrathecal treatment were included in a double-blind three-period crossover study where the same daily dose was administered at single, double, and quadruple flow rates in a randomized sequence. OUTCOMES MEASURES:     The mean daily @entity158 score and the quality of life (EuroQol measure of health outcome [EQ-5D]) were measured following each flow rate change, after 1 week of stabilization. Results.    Visual analog scale (VAS) scores remained unchanged with all flow rates. Compared with the lowest flow rate, the EQ-5D index decreased with double and even more with quadruple flow rate, suggesting a clinically relevant worsening of the health state with higher flow rates. Adverse events were equally distributed in all groups. CONCLUSION: @entity158 VAS did not significantly change with flow rate. This is consistent with preclinical data showing very limited increase in drug distribution in the cerebrospinal fluid with much larger flow rate augmentation. However, the quality of life decreased consistently as the flow rate increased. This was entirely due to a worsening of the @entity158 and @entity148 dimension of the EQ-5D questionnaire, caused presumably by a slight increase in @entity158 rather than adverse events. We suggest that at higher flow rates increased drug dilution results in a decreased effect at the receptor site.

title: Effects of flow rate modifications on reported XXXX and quality of life in @entity1118 @entity1 treated with continuous intrathecal drug therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the @entity1337 and the quality of life of a constant daily dose of intrathecal drug administered at different flow rates in @entity1 treated for @entity1118 . We postulate that the quality of the @entity1337 , at the same daily dose, will show an infusion rate dependent pattern with decreased @entity158 at higher flow rates. @entity1 : Twenty consecutive @entity1 on stable intrathecal treatment were included in a double-blind three-period crossover study where the same daily dose was administered at single, double, and quadruple flow rates in a randomized sequence. OUTCOMES MEASURES:     The mean daily @entity158 score and the quality of life (EuroQol measure of health outcome [EQ-5D]) were measured following each flow rate change, after 1 week of stabilization. Results.    Visual analog scale (VAS) scores remained unchanged with all flow rates. Compared with the lowest flow rate, the EQ-5D index decreased with double and even more with quadruple flow rate, suggesting a clinically relevant worsening of the health state with higher flow rates. Adverse events were equally distributed in all groups. CONCLUSION: @entity158 VAS did not significantly change with flow rate. This is consistent with preclinical data showing very limited increase in drug distribution in the cerebrospinal fluid with much larger flow rate augmentation. However, the quality of life decreased consistently as the flow rate increased. This was entirely due to a worsening of the @entity158 and @entity148 dimension of the EQ-5D questionnaire, caused presumably by a slight increase in @entity158 rather than adverse events. We suggest that at higher flow rates increased drug dilution results in a decreased effect at the receptor site.

title: Effects of flow rate modifications on reported @entity1337 and quality of life in XXXX @entity1 treated with continuous intrathecal drug therapy.

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the @entity1337 and the quality of life of a constant daily dose of intrathecal drug administered at different flow rates in @entity1 treated for @entity1118 . We postulate that the quality of the @entity1337 , at the same daily dose, will show an infusion rate dependent pattern with decreased @entity158 at higher flow rates. @entity1 : Twenty consecutive @entity1 on stable intrathecal treatment were included in a double-blind three-period crossover study where the same daily dose was administered at single, double, and quadruple flow rates in a randomized sequence. OUTCOMES MEASURES:     The mean daily @entity158 score and the quality of life (EuroQol measure of health outcome [EQ-5D]) were measured following each flow rate change, after 1 week of stabilization. Results.    Visual analog scale (VAS) scores remained unchanged with all flow rates. Compared with the lowest flow rate, the EQ-5D index decreased with double and even more with quadruple flow rate, suggesting a clinically relevant worsening of the health state with higher flow rates. Adverse events were equally distributed in all groups. CONCLUSION: @entity158 VAS did not significantly change with flow rate. This is consistent with preclinical data showing very limited increase in drug distribution in the cerebrospinal fluid with much larger flow rate augmentation. However, the quality of life decreased consistently as the flow rate increased. This was entirely due to a worsening of the @entity158 and @entity148 dimension of the EQ-5D questionnaire, caused presumably by a slight increase in @entity158 rather than adverse events. We suggest that at higher flow rates increased drug dilution results in a decreased effect at the receptor site.

title: Effects of flow rate modifications on reported @entity1337 and quality of life in @entity1118 XXXX treated with continuous intrathecal drug therapy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compare the biomechanical properties of a volar hybrid construct to an all-locking construct in an @entity3604 and normal comminuted distal radius @entity174 model. METHODS: Groups of 28 normal, 28 @entity3604 , and 28 over-drilled @entity3604 left distal radius synthetic bones were used. The normal group consisted of synthetic bone with a standard foam core. The @entity3604 group consisted of synthetic bone with decreased foam core density. The over-drilled @entity3604 group consisted of synthetic bone with decreased foam core density and holes drilled with a 2.3 mm drill, instead of the standard 2.0 mm drill, to simulate the lack of purchase in @entity3604 bone. Within each group, 14 synthetic bones were plated with a volar locking plate using an all-locking screw construct, and 14 synthetic bones were plated with a volar locking plate using a hybrid screw construct (ie, both locking and nonlocking screws). A 1-cm dorsal wedge osteotomy was created with the @entity19215 cm from the volar surface of the lunate facet. Each specimen was mounted to a materials testing machine, using a custom-built, standardized axial compression jig. Axial compression was delivered at 1 N/s over 3 cycles from 20 N to 100 N to establish stiffness. Each sample was stressed to failure at 1 mm/s until 5 mm of permanent @entity85 occurred. RESULTS: Our results show no difference in construct stiffness and load at failure between the all-locking and hybrid constructs in the normal, @entity3604 , or over-drilled @entity3604 synthetic bone models. All specimens failed by plate bending at the osteotomy site with loss of height. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although volar locking plates are commonly used for the treatment of @entity174 , the ideal screw configuration has not been determined. Hybrid fixation has comparable biomechanical properties to all locking constructs in the fixation of metaphyseal fractures about the knee and shoulder and might also have a role in the fixation of @entity174 .

title: Biomechanical properties of volar hybrid and locked plate fixation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'distal radius fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radius fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several thousand snakebites occur annually in the US, but fewer than 10 deaths occur. Most deaths are from envenomations by rattlesnakes (Crotalus species), but deaths from copperhead and water moccasin (Agkistrodon species) are rare. STUDY DESIGN: All snakebites presented to East Texas Medical Center, Crockett, a level III @entity130 center, from 1995 to 2010 were reviewed. A total of 142 snakebites were treated. Ninety-four were of the Agkistrodon species-contortrix contortrix (copperhead) or piscivorus leukostoma (water moccasin). Three were rattlesnakes, and 3 were from the Texas coral snake ( @entity31953 tener). Forty-two were unidentified pit vipers. The following results are of the 88 copperhead bites. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptoms were @entity158 and @entity4 . Eighty-five percent were of grade 1 envenomations. Ten @entity1 had @entity854 secondary to the snakebite. Forty-four were admitted for observation. The average length of stay for @entity1 admitted was 2 days. No patients received antivenom, and no @entity1 required surgical intervention. There were no deaths. One @entity1 had @entity4 and @entity23197 that persisted for more than 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate identification of the pit viper species involved in snakebites is essential. Although @entity5900 by a rattlesnake (Crotalus species) may require antivenom and uncommonly surgery, a bite by a copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) rarely requires any intervention other than observation. The unnecessary use of antivenom should be discouraged.

title: Current management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity31953 :: ('8637', 'Species') :: ['Micrurus fulvius']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity23197 :: ('MESH:D004438', 'Disease') :: ['ecchymosis']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity5900 :: (MESH:D012909,Disease) :: ['copperhead snakebite']


abstract: @entity413 tolerance in a group of @entity1 using injection of a depot progestogen (Depo Provera 150) for 7 months and in a group who had used various types of oral contraceptives (OCs) for at least 3 years were done to help understand the clinical significance of the reported changes. After 4 months of Depo Provera treatment there was no significant change in @entity413 or @entity2690 levels from protreatment levels. After 7 months, the mean basal @entity413 level was significantly higher than pretreatment (p.01). OGTT glycemia levels were not significantly higher (p.01) than pretreatment and fasting serum triglycerioles were decreased. @entity2124 levels were significantly lowered (p.01) from pretreatment levels. In the group using oral contraceptives, early @entity2690 levels after a @entity413 load were lower (p.01) in @entity1 treated with OCs than in controls. Borderline abnormal mean @entity413 assimilation levels (K) were seen in 11 @entity1 of the 80 studied. This was not significantly different from the control group. The group using Neogynon showed the highest @entity2690 levels of all subgroups. It is suggested that the @entity8097 derivatives may play a role in the impairment of @entity1735 metabolism.

title: Hormonal contraceptives and XXXX tolerance. II. Influence of medroxyprogesterone acetate and chronic oral contraceptives.

entities_list: @entity8097 :: ('MESH:D009277', 'Chemical') :: ['nortestosterone']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2009, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommended biennial mammography screening for @entity1 aged 50 to 74 years and selective screening for those aged 40 to 49 years. PURPOSE: To review studies of screening in average-risk @entity1 with mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasonography that reported on false-positive results, overdiagnosis, @entity148 , @entity158 , and radiation exposure. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and Cochrane databases through December 2014. STUDY SELECTION: English-language systematic reviews, randomized trials, and observational studies of screening. DATA EXTRACTION: Investigators extracted and confirmed data from studies and dual-rated study quality. Discrepancies were resolved through consensus. DATA SYNTHESIS: Based on 2 studies of U.S. data, 10-year cumulative rates of false-positive mammography results and biopsies were higher with annual than biennial screening (61% vs. 42% and 7% vs. 5%, respectively) and for @entity1 aged 40 to 49 years, those with dense breasts, and those using combination hormone therapy. Twenty-nine studies using different methods reported overdiagnosis rates of 0% to 54%; rates from randomized trials were 11% to 22%. @entity1 with false-positive results reported more @entity148 , distress, and @entity0 -specific worry, although results varied across 80 observational studies. Thirty-nine observational studies indicated that some @entity1 reported @entity158 during mammography (1% to 77%); of these, 11% to 46% declined future screening. Models estimated 2 to 11 screening-related @entity204 from radiation-induced @entity5 per 100,000 @entity1 using digital mammography, depending on age and screening interval. Five observational studies of tomosynthesis and mammography indicated increased biopsies but reduced recalls compared with mammography alone. LIMITATIONS: Studies of overdiagnosis were highly heterogeneous, and estimates varied depending on the analytic approach. Studies of @entity148 and @entity158 used different outcome measures. Radiation exposure was based on models. CONCLUSION: False-positive results are common and are higher for annual screening, younger @entity1 , and @entity1 with dense breasts. Although overdiagnosis, @entity148 , @entity158 , and radiation exposure may cause harm, their effects on individual @entity1 are difficult to estimate and vary widely. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

title: Harms of XXXX Screening: Systematic Review to Update the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Human leukocyte antigen-G ( @entity6393 ) plays an important role in @entity5 cell escape. We investigated @entity6393 expression and regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrates in @entity1 with @entity356 ( @entity356 ), analyzed their relationship with clinicopathologic features, and characterized their role in @entity5 immune escape. We also investigated the plasma soluble @entity6393 level and its potential in the diagnosis of @entity356 . Effect of @entity6393 on Tregs was further assessed by coculture experiments in vitro. Most interestingly, @entity6393 positive expression was detected in @entity356 tissues and it was significantly correlated with the presence of @entity5 -infiltrating Tregs. @entity1 with @entity6393 positive expression or high Tregs had significantly poorer survival at 5 years after operation. Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity6393 positive expression was an independent prognostic factor of @entity356 . The coculture experiment showed overexpression of @entity6393 in @entity356 cell lines significantly enhanced the frequency of Tregs when @entity356 cells were directly cocultured with @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cell. However, this effect disappeared when the indirect coculture system was applied. Some cytokines such as @entity650 , @entity688 , and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a significantly changed in the coculture system. Moreover, plasma soluble @entity6393 level in @entity356 @entity1 was higher than that in normal controls. Taken together, our results indicated that @entity6393 expression was closely associated with @entity5 progression and involved in @entity5 evasion by increasing the frequency of infiltrating Tregs locally. Thus, @entity6393 might be a promising predictor for disease prognosis and a possible novel target for immunotherapy in @entity356 @entity1 .

title: Human leukocyte antigen-G is closely associated with @entity5 immune escape in XXXX by increasing local regulatory T cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Human leukocyte antigen-G ( @entity6393 ) plays an important role in @entity5 cell escape. We investigated @entity6393 expression and regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrates in @entity1 with @entity356 ( @entity356 ), analyzed their relationship with clinicopathologic features, and characterized their role in @entity5 immune escape. We also investigated the plasma soluble @entity6393 level and its potential in the diagnosis of @entity356 . Effect of @entity6393 on Tregs was further assessed by coculture experiments in vitro. Most interestingly, @entity6393 positive expression was detected in @entity356 tissues and it was significantly correlated with the presence of @entity5 -infiltrating Tregs. @entity1 with @entity6393 positive expression or high Tregs had significantly poorer survival at 5 years after operation. Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity6393 positive expression was an independent prognostic factor of @entity356 . The coculture experiment showed overexpression of @entity6393 in @entity356 cell lines significantly enhanced the frequency of Tregs when @entity356 cells were directly cocultured with @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cell. However, this effect disappeared when the indirect coculture system was applied. Some cytokines such as @entity650 , @entity688 , and @entity5 @entity39 factor-a significantly changed in the coculture system. Moreover, plasma soluble @entity6393 level in @entity356 @entity1 was higher than that in normal controls. Taken together, our results indicated that @entity6393 expression was closely associated with @entity5 progression and involved in @entity5 evasion by increasing the frequency of infiltrating Tregs locally. Thus, @entity6393 might be a promising predictor for disease prognosis and a possible novel target for immunotherapy in @entity356 @entity1 .

title: Human leukocyte antigen-G is closely associated with XXXX immune escape in @entity356 by increasing local regulatory T cells.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical properties, operative results of @entity612 and factors correlating with prognosis. METHODS: From September 1992 to January 2001, 16 @entity1 who suffered from @entity612 caused by degeneration, ossified ligamentum flavum, diffuse idiopathic @entity4916 and @entity130 , were decompressed by operation. The operative method was selected according to the compressed position of spinal cord. All @entity1 were followed up 6 months to 9 years. The @entity158 severity, ambulatory status and @entity451 index were compared between before operation and after operation. The correlation between prognosis and ages, the length of @entity850 and the duration of disease was studied. RESULTS: The results of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test show significant difference in @entity158 severity, ambulatory status and @entity451 index between before operation and after operation (P < 0.01). The results of partial correlation analyzing show that only the duration of disease was correlated with @entity451 index (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Thoracic @entity612 frequently develops in the lower-thoracic segments in middle and old aged @entity1 . Decompression by operation early can achieve a good clinical result. @entity66 affects the prognosis.

title: [Operative results and prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Duration of disease']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic spinal stenosis', 'spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['thoracic spinal stenosis']