abstract: @entity1494 , the main cause of @entity293 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ), is efficiently treated by bladder training with ultrasound control of the residual urine. However, the beneficial effects of bladder training in the hospital are often lost within a short time when the @entity1 returns to his home. Reexamination at home of 97 @entity15 @entity1 with @entity293 showed that the group which claimed to continue bladder training at home had significantly less residual urine at home than the group which did not continue bladder training at home. The residual urine decreased from 210 ml on average to almost normal while the @entity1 did bladder training in the hospital, but the volume nearly doubled within a short time at home. Thus, more decentralized rehabilitation by family members, volunteer personnel or local nurses is necessary. Decentralized symptomatic therapy is the most efficient treatment of @entity15 at present. Family members. volunteers, and local nurses, however, need training. Without these improvements in decentralized rehabilitation the hospital treatment of @entity15 is of little benefit because urinary tract infection quickly recurs at home. For efficient bladder training the @entity1 needs feedback regarding the residual urine; this can be provided with minimum risk by ultrasound sonocystography. In those rare cases in which bladder training does not work, intermittent catheterization must be carried out by the @entity1 or their families, volunteer personnel or a local nurse. A continuous indwelling catheter should not be used. antibiotic treatment should be applied only on the basis of a precise bacteriological diagnosis.

title: Treatment of neurogenic XXXX in @entity15 by ultrasound-controlled bladder training.

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder dysfunction']


abstract: Active brain stimulation to abate @entity302 has shown mixed success. In spike-wave (SW) @entity410 , where the @entity410 and background state were proposed to coexist, single-pulse stimulations have been suggested to be able to terminate the @entity410 prematurely. However, several factors can impact success in such a bistable setting. The factors contributing to this have not been fully investigated on a theoretical and mechanistic basis. Our aim is to elucidate mechanisms that influence the success of single-pulse stimulation in noise-induced @entity410 . In this work, we study a neural population model of @entity410 that allows the reconstruction of the basin of attraction of the background activity as a four dimensional geometric object. For the deterministic (noise-free) case, we show how the success of response to stimuli depends on the amplitude and phase of the SW cycle, in addition to the direction of the stimulus in state space. In the case of spontaneous noise-induced @entity410 , the basin becomes probabilistic introducing some degree of uncertainty to the stimulation outcome while maintaining qualitative features of the noise-free case. Additionally, due to the different time scales involved in SW generation, there is substantial variation between SW cycles, implying that there may not be a fixed set of optimal stimulation parameters for @entity410 . In contrast, the model suggests an adaptive approach to find optimal stimulation parameters @entity1 -specifically, based on real-time estimation of the position in state space. We discuss how the modelling work can be exploited to rationally design a successful stimulation protocol for the abatement of @entity410 using real-time SW detection.

title: A computational study of stimulus driven XXXX abatement.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'SW seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The compound MH-78 ((+/-)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-3-{4-[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-piperazin-1-yl}propan-2-ol dihydrochloride) contains structural elements that are typical for a1- and b-blockers. This study aimed to investigate the @entity551 activity as well as the in vitro and in vivo cardiovascular effects of a novel a1- and b-adrenoceptor antagonist (MH-78) and compare it with @entity1405 and @entity3773 . The procedures were performed on aortic rings of normotensive anesthetized @entity35 . MH-78 decreased the blood pressure and heart rate after intravenous and oral administration. MH-78 possesses both a1- and b-adrenoceptor blocking activity, which was confirmed in the in vivo study. In biofunctional assays, MH-78 displayed vasorelaxant activity due to a1-adrenoceptor antagonism and @entity460 channel blocking properties. Moreover, in endothelium-intact aortic rings, pretreatment with N  -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and @entity15497 (ODQ) reduced the MH-78-induced vasorelaxation to a level that is characteristic for MH-78 affinity to a1-adrenoceptors. Our results demonstrated that MH-78 possesses a1- and b-adrenoceptor blocking properties and induces potent @entity551 and vasorelaxant effects. Moreover, it relaxes vascular smooth muscle not only due to a1-adrenoceptor blocking activity, but also via the endothelium-dependent @entity842 /soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signalling pathway.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The XXXX /Soluble Cyclic Guanylase/Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway Is Involved in the Cardiovascular Effects of a Novel a1- and b-Adrenoceptor Antagonist.

entities_list: @entity3773 :: ('MESH:C015568', 'Chemical') :: ['urapidil']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric Oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Stenting of the biliary tree is a common palliative procedure to relieve @entity3883 in @entity1442 . Although effective in relief of @entity253 and @entity1109 , little information is available on predictive factors for survival post-procedure. This retrospective study sought to assess factors influencing post-procedure survival in @entity5 @entity1 after biliary stenting. METHODS: Case notes of all @entity1 from a regional academic @entity5 center, who underwent biliary stenting for @entity3883 related to @entity5 during 2008 and 2009 were reviewed. We collected epidemiological, biochemical, treatment and survival data on all @entity1 . We used Kaplan-Meyer analysis to assess survival from day of first biliary stenting (adjusted for @entity5 types), and the @entity797 proportional hazards model for univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-four @entity1 were included in the final analysis. Most cases were related to @entity788 or @entity201 (89 and 46 cases respectively). Median survival for all @entity1 was 143 days. In multivariate analysis serum albumin >= 34 g/L at the time of procedure (hazard ratio 0.573; 95% confidence interval 0.424-0.773, P<0.001) and chemotherapy post-stent (hazard ratio 0.636; 95% confidence interval 0.455-0.889, P=0.008) were two independent prognostic factors predicting a better survival post-stenting. The 30 day mortality post-procedure in the 194 @entity1 was 12%. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that stenting of the biliary tree in cases of @entity5 allows durable @entity1109 even in cases where further active chemotherapy treatment is not possible. However, the better outcome observed in @entity1 with albumin >= 34 g/L and those receiving chemotherapy post-stent requires further validation.

title: Biliary stenting in XXXX : an analysis of predictive factors for survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant obstruction', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['palliation of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced malignancy']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['advanced malignancy']


abstract: Objectives. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of S-1-based therapy (SBT) versus @entity1487 -based therapy (FBT) for advanced @entity14 (ACRC). Methods. A meta-analysis of all eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed using RevMan 5.1.0 software. Results. A total of 1625 @entity1 from twelve RCTs including 820 @entity1 in the SBT group and 805 @entity1 in the FBT group were available for analysis. The meta-analysis of overall survival (hazards ratio HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.80-1.10), progression-free survival (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.91-1.18), and overall response rate (odds ratio OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00-1.53) showed no statistical significance between SBT group and FBT group. The statistically significant differences in the meta-analysis indicated less incidence of graded 3-4 @entity1398 (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.35-0.68) and @entity390 /vomit (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.23-0.72) in the SBT group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of grade 3-4 @entity417 , @entity882 , @entity1210 , @entity294 , and treatment-related deaths between two groups. Conclusions. SBT had similar efficacy and better safety than FBT and was an attractive alternative to FBT for @entity1 of ACRC, but further investigations in different populations would be needed to confirm it.

title: Effectiveness and safety of s-1-based therapy compared with @entity1487 -based therapy for advanced XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Objectives. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of S-1-based therapy (SBT) versus @entity1487 -based therapy (FBT) for advanced @entity14 (ACRC). Methods. A meta-analysis of all eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed using RevMan 5.1.0 software. Results. A total of 1625 @entity1 from twelve RCTs including 820 @entity1 in the SBT group and 805 @entity1 in the FBT group were available for analysis. The meta-analysis of overall survival (hazards ratio HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.80-1.10), progression-free survival (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.91-1.18), and overall response rate (odds ratio OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00-1.53) showed no statistical significance between SBT group and FBT group. The statistically significant differences in the meta-analysis indicated less incidence of graded 3-4 @entity1398 (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.35-0.68) and @entity390 /vomit (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.23-0.72) in the SBT group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of grade 3-4 @entity417 , @entity882 , @entity1210 , @entity294 , and treatment-related deaths between two groups. Conclusions. SBT had similar efficacy and better safety than FBT and was an attractive alternative to FBT for @entity1 of ACRC, but further investigations in different populations would be needed to confirm it.

title: Effectiveness and safety of s-1-based therapy compared with XXXX -based therapy for advanced @entity14 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of intraocular delivery of @entity7178 ( @entity7178 ) using an encapsulated cell implant for the treatment of macular @entity8721 type 2. DESIGN: An open-label safety trial conducted in 2 centers enrolling 7 @entity1 with macular @entity8721 type 2. METHODS: The @entity1 's more severely affected eye (worse baseline visual acuity) received the high-dose implant of @entity7178 . @entity1 were followed for a period of 36  months. The primary safety outcome was a change in the parameters of the electroretinogram (ERG). Secondary efficacy outcomes were changes in visual acuity, en face measurements of the optical coherence tomography of the disruption in the ellipsoid zone, and microperimetry when compared with baseline. RESULTS: The ERG findings demonstrated a reduction in the amplitude of the scotopic b-wave in 4 @entity1 3  months after implantation (month 3). All parameters returned to baseline values by month 12 and remained so at month 36 with no clinical impact on dark adaptation. There was no change in visual acuity compared with baseline. The area of the defect as measured functionally by microperimetry and structurally by the en face OCT imaging of the ellipsoid zone loss appeared unchanged from baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The intraocular delivery of @entity7178 in the encapsulated cell implant appeared to be safe and well tolerated in eyes with macular @entity8721 type 2. Further evaluation in a randomized controlled clinical trial is warranted to test for efficacy.

title: XXXX for macular @entity8721 type 2: results from a phase 1 safety trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Gene') :: ['CNTF', 'ciliary neurotrophic factor']

answer: @entity7178 :: (1270,Gene) :: ['Ciliary neurotrophic factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of intraocular delivery of @entity7178 ( @entity7178 ) using an encapsulated cell implant for the treatment of macular @entity8721 type 2. DESIGN: An open-label safety trial conducted in 2 centers enrolling 7 @entity1 with macular @entity8721 type 2. METHODS: The @entity1 's more severely affected eye (worse baseline visual acuity) received the high-dose implant of @entity7178 . @entity1 were followed for a period of 36  months. The primary safety outcome was a change in the parameters of the electroretinogram (ERG). Secondary efficacy outcomes were changes in visual acuity, en face measurements of the optical coherence tomography of the disruption in the ellipsoid zone, and microperimetry when compared with baseline. RESULTS: The ERG findings demonstrated a reduction in the amplitude of the scotopic b-wave in 4 @entity1 3  months after implantation (month 3). All parameters returned to baseline values by month 12 and remained so at month 36 with no clinical impact on dark adaptation. There was no change in visual acuity compared with baseline. The area of the defect as measured functionally by microperimetry and structurally by the en face OCT imaging of the ellipsoid zone loss appeared unchanged from baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The intraocular delivery of @entity7178 in the encapsulated cell implant appeared to be safe and well tolerated in eyes with macular @entity8721 type 2. Further evaluation in a randomized controlled clinical trial is warranted to test for efficacy.

title: @entity7178 for macular XXXX type 2: results from a phase 1 safety trial.

answer: @entity8721 :: (MESH:D013684,Disease) :: ['telangiectasia']


abstract: Plasma @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) is a modifiable, independent risk factor for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. This study aimed to describe the gender- and age-specific distribution of Hcy concentration for 1117 subjects aged 10-66 years, a subset of a community-based rural Chinese twin cohort. In addition, we examined environmental and genetic contributions to variances in Hcy concentration by gender and age groups. We found that the distribution pattern for Hcy varied by both age and gender. Males had higher Hcy than females across all ages. Elevated Hcy was found in 43% of male adults and 13% of female adults. Moreover, nearly one fifth of @entity1 had elevated Hcy. Genetic factors could explain 52%, 36% and 69% of the variation in Hcy concentration among @entity1 , male adults and female adults, respectively. The @entity9769 @entity9770 variant was significantly associated with Hcy concentrations. Smokers with the TT genotype had the highest Hcy levels. Overall, our results indicate that elevated Hcy is prevalent in the @entity1 and adults in this rural Chinese population. The early identification of elevated Hcy will offer a window of opportunity for the primary prevention of @entity65 and @entity209 .

title: Distribution and Determinants of Plasma XXXX Levels in Rural Chinese Twins across the Lifespan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['Homocysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5617 ( @entity5617 ) occurs in up to 20% of monochorionic pregnancies treated with laser for @entity14244 ( @entity14244 ). We aimed to determine independent factors associated with @entity5617 , to improve outcome in future care. METHODS: A case control study was performed. Data on ultrasound, laser surgery and outcome of all twin pregnancies treated for @entity14244 between 2007 and 2013 were retrieved from our monochorionic twin database. We analyzed cases of @entity5617 of donor and recipient twins separately, and compared them with treated pregnancies with two live-births. RESULTS: Out of 273 @entity14244 pregnancies treated with laser, @entity5617 occurred in 30 donors (11%) and 27 recipients (10%). In 67% @entity5617 occurred within a week after laser. In donors, absent/reversed end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery (OR 3, 95% CI 1.1-8) was the strongest predictor, followed by the presence of an arterio-arterial @entity254 (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4-13.1) and estimated fetal weight discordance (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.0-1.1). In recipients, predictors were absent/reversed A-wave in the ductus venosus (OR 4.2, 95% CI 5.2-17) and the absence of recipient-to-donor arterio-venous anastomoses (OR 31, 95% CI 2.5-392.5). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm earlier reports suggesting that @entity1503 is associated with @entity5617 after laser for @entity14244 . The association with type of anastomoses on @entity5617 is a new finding. We speculate that the type of anastomoses determines the degree of hemodynamic changes during laser therapy. Future strategies should aim to stabilize fetal circulation before laser, to decrease the vulnerability for acute pre- and afterload changes.

title: Prediction of single fetal demise after laser therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['Single fetal demise', 'SFD']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome', 'TTTS']

answer: @entity14244 :: (MESH:D005330,Disease) :: ['twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment in @entity1 with higher risk @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ), but the choice of the optimal alternative stem cell source is still a subject of debate in @entity1 lacking an HLA-matched sibling donor. Here, we report on a large series of @entity1 with @entity2590 (N  =  631) transplanted either with mobilized peripheral stem cells (PBs) from unrelated donors (n  =  502) or with umbilical cord blood transplant (UCB, n  =  129) as alternative grafts after reduced-intensity conditioning. Neutrophil engraftment was higher after PB (98% versus 78%, P  <  .0001). @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was similar after PB (31%) and UCB (29%), and chronic @entity2132 incidence was higher after PB (41% versus 23%). Two-year nonrelapse mortality was lower after PB (31% versus 42% P  =  .03). There was a better @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) after PB (49%      2% versus 30%      4%, P  <  .0001 and 44%      2% versus 28%      4%, P  <  .0001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the advantage of PB for treatment-related mortality, @entity1349 , and DFS, whereas relative risk of chronic @entity2132 was similar. A multivariate analysis comparing PB from a 10/10 HLA-matched donor, PB from a 9/10 HLA-matched donor, and UCB showed an advantage on treatment-related mortality, DFS, and @entity1349 only in 10/10  PB. We conclude that in @entity2590 @entity1 lacking an HLA-matched sibling donor, PB from a 10/10 HLA-matched unrelated donor is the preferred source of hematopoietic stem cells. HLA-mismatched unrelated donor or cord blood seem to give similar inferior results except for neutrophil engraftment, which is delayed after UCB.

title: Comparison of Unrelated Cord Blood and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Adults with XXXX after Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Regimen: A Collaborative Study from Eurocord (Cord blood Committee of Cellular Therapy _ Immunobiology Working Party of EBMT) and Chronic Malignancies Working Party.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['Myelodysplastic Syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In vivo transcriptional analyses of microbial pathogens are often hampered by low proportions of pathogen biomass in host organs, hindering the coverage of full pathogen transcriptome. We aimed to address the transcriptome profiles of @entity5132 , the most prevalent fungal pathogen in systemically infected immunocompromised @entity1 , during @entity281 in different hosts. We developed a strategy for high-resolution quantitative analysis of the @entity5132 transcriptome directly from early and late stages of @entity281 in two different host models, @entity19 and the insect Galleria mellonella. Our results show that transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) libraries were enriched for fungal transcripts up to 1,600-fold using biotinylated bait probes to capture @entity5132 sequences. This enrichment biased the read counts of only ~3% of the genes, which can be identified and removed based on a priori criteria. This allowed an unprecedented resolution of @entity5132 transcriptome in vivo, with detection of over 86% of its genes. The transcriptional response of the fungus was surprisingly similar during @entity281 of the two hosts and at the two time points, although some host- and time point-specific genes could be identified. Genes that were highly induced during @entity281 were involved, for instance, in stress response, adhesion, @entity68 acquisition, and biofilm formation. Of the in vivo-regulated genes, 10% are still of unknown function, and their future study will be of great interest. The fungal RNA enrichment procedure used here will help a better characterization of the @entity5132 response in infected hosts and may be applied to other microbial pathogens. IMPORTANCE: Understanding the mechanisms utilized by pathogens to infect and cause disease in their hosts is crucial for rational drug development. Transcriptomic studies may help investigations of these mechanisms by determining which genes are expressed specifically during @entity281 . This task has been difficult so far, since the proportion of microbial biomass in infected tissues is often extremely low, thus limiting the depth of sequencing and comprehensive transcriptome analysis. Here, we adapted a technology to capture and enrich @entity5132 RNA, which was next used for deep RNA sequencing directly from infected tissues from two different host organisms. The high-resolution transcriptome revealed a large number of genes that were so far unknown to participate in @entity281 , which will likely constitute a focus of study in the future. More importantly, this method may be adapted to perform transcript profiling of any other microbes during host @entity281 or colonization.

title: RNA Enrichment Method for Quantitative Transcriptional Analysis of Pathogens In Vivo Applied to the Fungus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C.  albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'systemic infection']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate rates and type of definitive surgical interventions for @entity1790 in Swedish @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) compared to the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This national prospective cohort study linked data from Swedish population and healthcare registries. Incidence rates and interventions for @entity1790 during follow-up in @entity1 with @entity1691 were compared to general population comparator (GPC) subjects. RESULTS: In total, 8572 @entity1691 @entity1 were followed for 49,959 @entity1 -years and 39,639 matched GPCs were followed for 225,221 @entity1 -years. Mean age at study entry was 46 years [interquartile range (IQR) 36-56 years] and 65% were male. In @entity1691 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1790 during the study period, 29% (72/250) underwent similar intervention for @entity1790 compared to 24% (114/466) GPCs (p = 0.21). The incidence rate ratio (RR) in overall @entity1691 @entity1 was 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-3.8] during a median follow-up of 6.2 years (IQR 3.2-8.6 years). With prior diagnosis of @entity1790 , the RR for @entity1691 @entity1 compared to GPCs was 3.7 (95% CI 1.8-7.7); without prior @entity1790 the RR was 2.1 (95% CI 1.5-3.0). Increasing age [odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03], prior @entity1790 diagnosis (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.97-5.62) and @entity299 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.03-3.91) were identified as predictors of intervention for @entity1790 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1691 have an almost three-fold increased risk of surgical intervention for @entity1290 , with similar management, compared to the general population.

title: Surgical interventions for @entity1790 in XXXX and the general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiac disease']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate rates and type of definitive surgical interventions for @entity1790 in Swedish @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) compared to the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This national prospective cohort study linked data from Swedish population and healthcare registries. Incidence rates and interventions for @entity1790 during follow-up in @entity1 with @entity1691 were compared to general population comparator (GPC) subjects. RESULTS: In total, 8572 @entity1691 @entity1 were followed for 49,959 @entity1 -years and 39,639 matched GPCs were followed for 225,221 @entity1 -years. Mean age at study entry was 46 years [interquartile range (IQR) 36-56 years] and 65% were male. In @entity1691 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1790 during the study period, 29% (72/250) underwent similar intervention for @entity1790 compared to 24% (114/466) GPCs (p = 0.21). The incidence rate ratio (RR) in overall @entity1691 @entity1 was 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-3.8] during a median follow-up of 6.2 years (IQR 3.2-8.6 years). With prior diagnosis of @entity1790 , the RR for @entity1691 @entity1 compared to GPCs was 3.7 (95% CI 1.8-7.7); without prior @entity1790 the RR was 2.1 (95% CI 1.5-3.0). Increasing age [odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03], prior @entity1790 diagnosis (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.97-5.62) and @entity299 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.03-3.91) were identified as predictors of intervention for @entity1790 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1691 have an almost three-fold increased risk of surgical intervention for @entity1290 , with similar management, compared to the general population.

title: Surgical interventions for XXXX in @entity1691 and the general population.

answer: @entity1790 :: (MESH:D053040,Disease) :: ['nephrolithiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify @entity1 factors and health care utilization patterns associated with dose escalation during the first year of long-term opioid therapy for @entity1118 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data. SETTING: University health system. SUBJECTS: Opioid na  ve adults with @entity4512 who received a new outpatient opioid prescription between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2012 and stayed on opioids for 1 year. METHODS: Mixed-effects regression was used to estimate @entity1 ' rate of opioid dose escalation. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and health care utilization for @entity1 with and without dose escalation were compared. RESULTS: Twenty-three (9%) of 246 @entity1 in the final cohort experienced dose escalation (defined as an increase in mean daily opioid dose of >= 30-mg morphine equivalents over 1 year). Compared with @entity1 without dose escalation, @entity1 with escalation had higher rates of substance use diagnoses (17% vs 1%, P   =   0.01) and more total outpatient encounters (51 vs 35, P   =   0.002) over 1 year. Differences in outpatient encounters were largely due to more non face-to-face encounters (e.g., telephone calls, emails) among @entity1 with dose escalation. Differences in age, race, concurrent benzodiazepine use, and mental health diagnoses between @entity1 with and without dose escalation were not statistically significant. Primary care clinicians prescribed 89% of opioid prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: Dose escalation during the first year of long-term opioid therapy is associated with higher rates of substance use disorders and more frequent outpatient encounters, especially non face-to-face encounters.

title: Dose Escalation During the First Year of Long-Term Opioid Therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that completely edentulous @entity1 harbour fewer periodontopathic bacteria compared with dentate @entity1 , due to the removal of the subgingival periodontal environment. However, reappearance of certain microbes has been reported after the placement of implants in these @entity1 . AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether the periodontopathic bacteria @entity2523 and @entity3289 , as well as the non-periodontopathic bacterium, @entity794 , emerged in edentulous @entity1 6  months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were included in the study (titanium  =  13, zirconia  =  13). Microbial samples were collected from the tongue prior to implant placement and 6  months after implant placement from both the tongue and from around the implants. A qRT-PCR assay using SYBR green/ROX chemistry was used for the detection and quantification of rgp, @entity28558 and karilysin single-copy gene of @entity2523 , @entity3289 and @entity794 , respectively. Positive controls used in the study were pure bacterial gDNA purified from cultures of @entity2523 and @entity794 , a cloned sequence of the karilysin gene for @entity3289 , a plaque sample positive for @entity2523 and @entity3289 , and nasal gDNA for @entity794 . RESULTS: The results show that prior to implant placement, all three bacterial species were below the lower limit of quantification in all edentulous @entity1 . The samples collected from the tongue and around the implants remained below the lower limit of quantification for each of the three species. However, all positive controls used in the study were detectable in the samples. qPCR standard curves showed correlation coefficients >0.97 and efficiencies >94.5% (slope range -3.19 to -3.46) for each of the SYBR green PCR assays. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the tested organisms did not emerge 6  months after implant placement irrespective of the nature of the implant biomaterial. A further follow-up of at least 2  years post-implantation of these @entity1 is suggested to determine whether there are any changes in the oral microbiota and whether such changes are associated with the development of @entity737 .

title: Analysis of XXXX , @entity3289 and @entity794 levels in edentulous mouths prior to and 6  months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S.  aureus']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implant disease']

entities_list: @entity3289 :: ('28112', 'Species') :: ['T.  forsythia', 'Tannerella forsythia']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P.  gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['P.  gingivalis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that completely edentulous @entity1 harbour fewer periodontopathic bacteria compared with dentate @entity1 , due to the removal of the subgingival periodontal environment. However, reappearance of certain microbes has been reported after the placement of implants in these @entity1 . AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether the periodontopathic bacteria @entity2523 and @entity3289 , as well as the non-periodontopathic bacterium, @entity794 , emerged in edentulous @entity1 6  months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were included in the study (titanium  =  13, zirconia  =  13). Microbial samples were collected from the tongue prior to implant placement and 6  months after implant placement from both the tongue and from around the implants. A qRT-PCR assay using SYBR green/ROX chemistry was used for the detection and quantification of rgp, @entity28558 and karilysin single-copy gene of @entity2523 , @entity3289 and @entity794 , respectively. Positive controls used in the study were pure bacterial gDNA purified from cultures of @entity2523 and @entity794 , a cloned sequence of the karilysin gene for @entity3289 , a plaque sample positive for @entity2523 and @entity3289 , and nasal gDNA for @entity794 . RESULTS: The results show that prior to implant placement, all three bacterial species were below the lower limit of quantification in all edentulous @entity1 . The samples collected from the tongue and around the implants remained below the lower limit of quantification for each of the three species. However, all positive controls used in the study were detectable in the samples. qPCR standard curves showed correlation coefficients >0.97 and efficiencies >94.5% (slope range -3.19 to -3.46) for each of the SYBR green PCR assays. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the tested organisms did not emerge 6  months after implant placement irrespective of the nature of the implant biomaterial. A further follow-up of at least 2  years post-implantation of these @entity1 is suggested to determine whether there are any changes in the oral microbiota and whether such changes are associated with the development of @entity737 .

title: Analysis of @entity2523 , @entity3289 and XXXX levels in edentulous mouths prior to and 6  months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['S.  aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that completely edentulous @entity1 harbour fewer periodontopathic bacteria compared with dentate @entity1 , due to the removal of the subgingival periodontal environment. However, reappearance of certain microbes has been reported after the placement of implants in these @entity1 . AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether the periodontopathic bacteria @entity2523 and @entity3289 , as well as the non-periodontopathic bacterium, @entity794 , emerged in edentulous @entity1 6  months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were included in the study (titanium  =  13, zirconia  =  13). Microbial samples were collected from the tongue prior to implant placement and 6  months after implant placement from both the tongue and from around the implants. A qRT-PCR assay using SYBR green/ROX chemistry was used for the detection and quantification of rgp, @entity28558 and karilysin single-copy gene of @entity2523 , @entity3289 and @entity794 , respectively. Positive controls used in the study were pure bacterial gDNA purified from cultures of @entity2523 and @entity794 , a cloned sequence of the karilysin gene for @entity3289 , a plaque sample positive for @entity2523 and @entity3289 , and nasal gDNA for @entity794 . RESULTS: The results show that prior to implant placement, all three bacterial species were below the lower limit of quantification in all edentulous @entity1 . The samples collected from the tongue and around the implants remained below the lower limit of quantification for each of the three species. However, all positive controls used in the study were detectable in the samples. qPCR standard curves showed correlation coefficients >0.97 and efficiencies >94.5% (slope range -3.19 to -3.46) for each of the SYBR green PCR assays. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the tested organisms did not emerge 6  months after implant placement irrespective of the nature of the implant biomaterial. A further follow-up of at least 2  years post-implantation of these @entity1 is suggested to determine whether there are any changes in the oral microbiota and whether such changes are associated with the development of @entity737 .

title: Analysis of @entity2523 , XXXX and @entity794 levels in edentulous mouths prior to and 6  months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants.

answer: @entity3289 :: (28112,Species) :: ['T.  forsythia']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: During pregnancy, acetaminophen is one of the very few medications recommended by physicians to treat @entity221 or @entity158 . Recent insights from epidemiological studies suggest an association between prenatal acetaminophen medication and an increased risk for development of @entity565 in @entity1 later in life. The underlying pathogenesis of such association is still unknown. METHODS: We aimed to develop a @entity19 model to provide insights into the effect of prenatal acetaminophen on maternal, fetal and adult offspring's health. The toxic effect of acetaminophen was studied in @entity19 on 1) maternal liver; mirrored by biomarkers of @entity99 , centrilobular @entity39 , and infiltration of granulocytes; 2) fetal liver; reflected by the frequency of hematopoietic stem cells, and 3) postnatal health; evaluated by the severity of @entity56 airway @entity32 among offspring. RESULTS: We observed an increased susceptibility towards acetaminophen-induced @entity409 in pregnant @entity19 compared to virgins. Moreover, hematopoietic stem cell frequency in fetal liver declined in response to acetaminophen. Furthermore, a greater severity of airway @entity32 was observed in offspring of dams upon prenatal acetaminophen treatment, identified lung infiltration by leukocytes and eosinophil infiltration into the airways. CONCLUSION: Our newly developed @entity19 model on prenatal use of acetaminophen reflects findings from epidemiological studies in @entity1 . The availability of this model will allow improvement in our understanding of how acetaminophen-related hepatotoxicity is operational in pregnant individuals and how an increased risk for @entity56 in response to prenatal acetaminophen is mediated. Such insights, once available, may change the recommendations for prenatal acetaminophen use.

title: Prenatal acetaminophen induces XXXX in dams, reduces fetal liver stem cells, and @entity32 in adult offspring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: During pregnancy, acetaminophen is one of the very few medications recommended by physicians to treat @entity221 or @entity158 . Recent insights from epidemiological studies suggest an association between prenatal acetaminophen medication and an increased risk for development of @entity565 in @entity1 later in life. The underlying pathogenesis of such association is still unknown. METHODS: We aimed to develop a @entity19 model to provide insights into the effect of prenatal acetaminophen on maternal, fetal and adult offspring's health. The toxic effect of acetaminophen was studied in @entity19 on 1) maternal liver; mirrored by biomarkers of @entity99 , centrilobular @entity39 , and infiltration of granulocytes; 2) fetal liver; reflected by the frequency of hematopoietic stem cells, and 3) postnatal health; evaluated by the severity of @entity56 airway @entity32 among offspring. RESULTS: We observed an increased susceptibility towards acetaminophen-induced @entity409 in pregnant @entity19 compared to virgins. Moreover, hematopoietic stem cell frequency in fetal liver declined in response to acetaminophen. Furthermore, a greater severity of airway @entity32 was observed in offspring of dams upon prenatal acetaminophen treatment, identified lung infiltration by leukocytes and eosinophil infiltration into the airways. CONCLUSION: Our newly developed @entity19 model on prenatal use of acetaminophen reflects findings from epidemiological studies in @entity1 . The availability of this model will allow improvement in our understanding of how acetaminophen-related hepatotoxicity is operational in pregnant individuals and how an increased risk for @entity56 in response to prenatal acetaminophen is mediated. Such insights, once available, may change the recommendations for prenatal acetaminophen use.

title: Prenatal acetaminophen induces @entity99 in dams, reduces fetal liver stem cells, and XXXX in adult offspring.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['increases airway inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and related risk factors are associated with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). This association is less well-defined in normal cognition (NC) or prodromal @entity195 (mild @entity73 , MCI). OBJECTIVE: Cross-sectionally and longitudinally relate a vascular risk index to cognitive outcomes among elders free of clinical @entity303 . METHODS: 3,117 MCI (74    8 years, 56% female) and 6,603 NC @entity1 (72    8 years, 68% female) were drawn from the National @entity195 Center. A composite measure of vascular risk was defined using the @entity64 ( @entity64 ) score (i.e., age, systolic blood pressure, anti- @entity101 medication, @entity6 , cigarette smoking, @entity65 history, @entity955 ). Ordinary linear regressions and generalized linear mixed models related baseline @entity64 to cross-sectional and longitudinal cognitive outcomes, separately for NC and MCI, adjusting for age, gender, race, education, and follow-up time (in longitudinal models). RESULTS: In NC @entity1 , increasing @entity64 was related to @entity73 , information processing speed, and sequencing abilities (p-values <0.0001) and a worse longitudinal trajectory on all cognitive measures (p-values <0.0001). In MCI, increasing @entity64 correlated with @entity2414 (p = 0.004). In secondary models using an age-excluded @entity64 score, associations persisted in NC @entity1 for global cognition, naming, information processing speed, and sequencing abilities. CONCLUSIONS: An adverse vascular risk profile is associated with worse cognitive trajectory, especially global cognition, naming, and information processing speed, among NC elders. Future studies are needed to understand how effective management of @entity65 and related risk factors can modify @entity73 to identify the ideal timeframe for primary prevention implementation.

title: Adverse Vascular Risk is Related to XXXX in Older Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Framingham Stroke Risk Profile', 'FSRP']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline', 'worse baseline global cognition']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Coordinating"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['worse longitudinal delayed memory']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Decline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Xenotransplantation has drawn increased attention in recent years as a potential solution to the scarcity of @entity1 source donor organs. Researchers have highlighted the need to characterize the influence of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) in xenotransplantation. Screening and analyzing the presence and subtype of PERV in donor source animal breeds could provide basic parameters to evaluate the biological safety of xenotransplantation from @entity1707 to @entity1 . We bred a new miniature porcine herd (XENO-1) after decades of investigation, the herd was purpose bred to produce a potential donor animal source for xenotransplantation. To this end we studied the animals' PERV expression characteristics. METHODS: We randomly selected 37 animals of the herd, PCR and RT-PCR based on specific primers were utilized to determine their PERV viral subtype. High fidelity PCR and restriction enzyme digestion were employed for variants detection. To thoroughly understand the PERV expression pattern, quantitative PCR was applied to measure mRNA expression levels in different tissues, At last, transfection capacity was assessed using a in vitro co-culture system. RESULTS: Our results revealed that the XENO-1 herd was free of PERV-C and exhibited low levels of PERVs in different tissues compared to commercial @entity1707 (landrace). The XENO-1 herd showed unique variants of A/B recombination. In addition, even though there were A/B variants in the XENO-1 herd, co-culturing revealed no evidence of PERV transmission from XENO-1 tissue to @entity1 cells. CONCLUSION: Overall, Our results displayed an unique PERV expression pattern in a new @entity1707 herd and demonstrated its non-transfection capacity in vitro. Data in the research indicate that XENO-1 animals can serve as a better potential donor source for xenotransplantation.

title: Characterization of PERV in a new conserved XXXX herd as potential donor animals for xenotransplantation in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity546 , being defined as @entity397 of the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum, is uncommon. Here, we analyze findings on our @entity1 during a 10-year period and evaluate the role of retrograde urethrography. METHODS: From February 2002 to April 2012, 116 @entity1 were admitted with @entity546 at Ghaem Medical Center. @entity1 history and physical examination were taken at their admittance to detect probable @entity130 . Before surgery, retrograde urethrography was performed in all @entity1 . The size and site of the tunical @entity397 were recorded. Then the @entity397 of tunica albuginea was sutured with nonabsorbable (3-0 nylon) sutures and the ties were placed on the internal surface (continuous method). All @entity1 were followed up for 12 months. RESULTS: @entity1 ' mean age was (32.78  10.61) years and ranged (16-62) years. The mechanism of @entity130 was sexual intercourse in 103 @entity1 (89%) and masturbation in 13 @entity1 (11%). The most common site of injury found after exploration was right (55%) and lateral (74%) of the corpus cavernosum. The size of the tunical @entity397 was from 0.5 to 3.0 cm (mean 1.88  0.72). Three of the @entity1 had @entity244 . @entity130 was detected by retrograde urethrography in 4 @entity1 (3%) who had macroscopic @entity811 and urethrorrhagia. During 12 months follow-up, no complication was seen. CONCLUSION: There is no need to perform retrograde urethrography unless the @entity1 have gross @entity811 or urethrorrhagia. The key to success in treatment of @entity546 is to achieve a rapid diagnosis based on history and a physical examination, avoid unnecessary imaging tests and perform immediate surgery to reconstruct the site of injury.

title: @entity546 and its treatment: Is retrograde urethrograghy necessary for management of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Marphan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['Penile fracture', 'penile fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Urethral injury', 'urethral injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['penile fracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity546 , being defined as @entity397 of the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum, is uncommon. Here, we analyze findings on our @entity1 during a 10-year period and evaluate the role of retrograde urethrography. METHODS: From February 2002 to April 2012, 116 @entity1 were admitted with @entity546 at Ghaem Medical Center. @entity1 history and physical examination were taken at their admittance to detect probable @entity130 . Before surgery, retrograde urethrography was performed in all @entity1 . The size and site of the tunical @entity397 were recorded. Then the @entity397 of tunica albuginea was sutured with nonabsorbable (3-0 nylon) sutures and the ties were placed on the internal surface (continuous method). All @entity1 were followed up for 12 months. RESULTS: @entity1 ' mean age was (32.78  10.61) years and ranged (16-62) years. The mechanism of @entity130 was sexual intercourse in 103 @entity1 (89%) and masturbation in 13 @entity1 (11%). The most common site of injury found after exploration was right (55%) and lateral (74%) of the corpus cavernosum. The size of the tunical @entity397 was from 0.5 to 3.0 cm (mean 1.88  0.72). Three of the @entity1 had @entity244 . @entity130 was detected by retrograde urethrography in 4 @entity1 (3%) who had macroscopic @entity811 and urethrorrhagia. During 12 months follow-up, no complication was seen. CONCLUSION: There is no need to perform retrograde urethrography unless the @entity1 have gross @entity811 or urethrorrhagia. The key to success in treatment of @entity546 is to achieve a rapid diagnosis based on history and a physical examination, avoid unnecessary imaging tests and perform immediate surgery to reconstruct the site of injury.

title: XXXX and its treatment: Is retrograde urethrograghy necessary for management of @entity546 ?

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['Penile fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Estimating the incidence of @entity2968 is challenging because few population-based @entity5 registries record benign bone @entity5 . We compared two approaches, the indirect (relative index) estimation approach used in The Burden of @entity85 in the United States (BMUS) and a direct incidence rate approach (from registries that @entity2967 ), to estimate @entity2967 incidence in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the U.K., Sweden, Australia, Canada, Japan, and the U.S. METHODS: @entity2967 of bone incidence was calculated with use of the BMUS relative index of @entity2967 to @entity421 in three scenarios (low, base case, and high) from case series. We compared the BMUS approach with the latest data from @entity5 registries in Australia (1972 to 1996), Japan (2006 to 2008), and Sweden (1993 to 2011) that @entity2967 . United Nations population estimates were used to project results to 2013. RESULTS: The low scenario in the BMUS approach reflects data from Unni and Inwards; the incidence of @entity2968 is 0.34 relative to @entity421 . As the incidence of @entity421 is 31.4% of the total incidence of @entity3478 , the incidence of @entity2967 is 0.11 times that of all @entity3478 . The base scenario reflects the series by Mirra et al., with a @entity2967 incidence of 0.47 relative to @entity421 (0.15 to all @entity3478 ). The high scenario reflects the series by Ward, with an incidence of 0.84 relative to @entity421 (0.26 to all @entity3478 ). Differences among the three series reflect referral to a national center of excellence compared with referral to a local oncology practice. Registry data indicated a @entity2967 incidence rate per million per year of 1.33 in Australia, 1.03 in Japan, and 1.11 in Sweden in 2013. The estimated incidence rate per million in the ten countries in 2013 ranged from 1.03 (Japan) to 1.17 (Canada) with use of the registry-based approach and from 0.73 (Japan) for the low scenario) to 2.20 (Germany) for the base case with use of the BMUS approach. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2967 of bone affects approximately one @entity1 per million per year in the ten countries studied. Estimates derived with use of age-specific incidences from @entity5 registries were typically within the range of the low and base case BMUS scenarios. We recommend the registry-derived method for estimating the incidence of @entity2967 .

title: Regional variation and challenges in estimating the incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor of bone']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone and joint cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['Giant cell tumor', 'giant cell tumor', 'record giant cell tumor', 'record giant cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Diseases']

answer: @entity2968 :: (MESH:D018212,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumor of bone']


abstract: A one-stage anterilateral decompression of the thoracolumbar spine with Harrington rod alignment and posterior fusion has proven to be an excellent approach to the management of unstable fractures between T-11 and @entity7373 . Twenty-six cases are reported in which this tactic was used to decompress neural structures and stabilize the spine. Preoperative computed tomographic scanning and somatosensory evoked responses (SSERs) are useful adjuncts in the @entity1 's assessment. Intraoperative SSER studies have allowed monitoring to prevent an increase in the @entity1 's neural deficit during operation. Intraoperative myelography is used to provide objective confirmation of the adequacy of the decompression of the spinal subarachnoid space. Satisfactory stability was achieved in all 26 cases reported in this series. Eight of 11 @entity1 with partial @entity51 returned to essentially normal function within 6 months. None of the @entity1 who were neurologically intact (6 cases) or who had incomplete lesions (11 cases) was made worse by the operation. None of the 9 paraplegic @entity1 regained spinal cord function, although a dramatic improvement in the function of the @entity10560 and @entity10561 roots occurred in 1 case. This approach to the management of unstable thoracolumbar fractures is useful, carries with it a low complication rate, and should be a standard part of the neurosurgical and orthopedic armamentarium.

title: Management of acute unstable thoracolumbar (T-11- XXXX ) fractures with and without @entity51 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity7373 :: (3897,Gene) :: ['L-1']


abstract: A one-stage anterilateral decompression of the thoracolumbar spine with Harrington rod alignment and posterior fusion has proven to be an excellent approach to the management of unstable fractures between T-11 and @entity7373 . Twenty-six cases are reported in which this tactic was used to decompress neural structures and stabilize the spine. Preoperative computed tomographic scanning and somatosensory evoked responses (SSERs) are useful adjuncts in the @entity1 's assessment. Intraoperative SSER studies have allowed monitoring to prevent an increase in the @entity1 's neural deficit during operation. Intraoperative myelography is used to provide objective confirmation of the adequacy of the decompression of the spinal subarachnoid space. Satisfactory stability was achieved in all 26 cases reported in this series. Eight of 11 @entity1 with partial @entity51 returned to essentially normal function within 6 months. None of the @entity1 who were neurologically intact (6 cases) or who had incomplete lesions (11 cases) was made worse by the operation. None of the 9 paraplegic @entity1 regained spinal cord function, although a dramatic improvement in the function of the @entity10560 and @entity10561 roots occurred in 1 case. This approach to the management of unstable thoracolumbar fractures is useful, carries with it a low complication rate, and should be a standard part of the neurosurgical and orthopedic armamentarium.

title: Management of acute unstable thoracolumbar (T-11- @entity7373 ) fractures with and without XXXX .

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['neurological deficit']


abstract: Recently, there has been development of an antifreeze polyamino acid (carboxylated poly-l-lysine: @entity5731 ) as new cryoprotectants (CPA). This compound counts as amphoteric macromolecular cationic and anionic substituents (polyampholyte) by chemically modifying @entity7055 . In addition, @entity5731 is highly safe and frequently used as a food additive in substitution for other CPA. Other common CPA have high @entity137 and caused physiological damage. In vitro-produced blastocysts were randomly assigned into 3 groups: (1) vitrified embryos with @entity5731 vitrification solution [ @entity5731 -vit-1: 15% @entity5731 +15% @entity10977 (EG); @entity5731 -vit-2: 30% @entity5731 +30% EG+0.5M @entity969 ], (2) vitrified embryos with Vajta et al. solution (Conv-vit-1: 7.5% @entity3733 +7.5% EG; Conv-vit-2: 16.5% @entity3733 +16.5% EG+0.5M @entity969 ), and (3) nonvitrified blastocysts (control). All embryos were frozen by droplet vitrification method. First, the @entity5731 -vitrified embryos were exposed to 5, 10, and 15min in the @entity5731 -vit-1 and then putted for 30 to about 60s in the @entity5731 -vit-2. Then, we compared with each group regarding exposure time of Vit-1. Post-thaw survival rate of each exposure time did not significantly differ among the 3 groups (100 v. 100 v. 100%). However, hatching rate of the 10-min exposure group was higher than that of 5- and 15-min groups (75.0 v. 25.0 v. 66.7; P<0.05). Therefore, we confirmed that exposure time of Vit-1 was exposed for a minimum of 10min. The post-thawed survival rate of each vitrification method was not significantly different between @entity5731 -vit and Conv-vit groups (97.7 v. 86.4%). The total cell numbers of blastocyst did not significantly differ among groups. However, the apoptotic cell numbers of blastocyst was significantly different between the control and Conv-vit groups (0.4  0.6 v. 4.4  3.9; P<0.05) but was not different in control v. @entity5731 -vit (0.4  0.6 v. 2.1  2.4) and Conv-vit v. @entity5731 -vit (4.4  3.9 v. 2.1  2.4). In conclusion, @entity5731 -vit for @entity291 blastocyst could reduce @entity137 and osmotic shock and showed high efficiency on the quality of post-thawed @entity291 blastocysts compared with that of Conv-vit.

title: 52 effect of carboxylated poly-L-lysine on the post-thaw viability of in vitro-produced XXXX blastocyst.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity7055 :: ('MESH:D011107', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-lysine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: The seminal plasma (SP) of camelids contains a protein identified as b Nerve Growth Factor with capacity of induced ovulation and develop a corpus luteum. A study was designed to evaluate the effect of application of SP on the interval of time from injection of stimulus to the ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) size (Experiment 1, n=24) and on the sensitivity of CL to the injection of @entity3009 (196  g of tiaprost) (PG) at different periods from ovulation (Experiment 2, n=86). Exp. 1: Adult female @entity7858 with presence of a follicle >= 7mm were assigned to the application of 1mL of SP via IM (T: n=12) or application of 50  g of @entity598 of busereline IM (T2: n=12). Exp. 2: @entity7858 with presence of a follicle >= 7mm were induced to ovulation with 50  g of @entity598 of busereline or 1mL IM of SP. Animals were evaluated by ultrasound to confirm the ovulation and were assigned to the following treatment: T1 (n=8): SP+PG Day 4; T2 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 4; T3 (n=8): SP+PG Day 5; T4 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 5; T5 (n=8): SP+PG Day 6; T6 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 6; T7 (n=8): SP+PG Day 7; T8 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 7; T9 (n=8): SP+PG Day 8; T10 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 8 and T11 (n=6) (Control): Application of 1mL of saline solution. The animals were evaluated by ultrasound with an Aloka SSD500 (Aloka, Tokyo, Japan) and 7.5-MHz linear transducer each 2h (Exp. 1) and each 12h (Exp. 2) after of application of PG. In Exp. 1, the ovulation rate was 95.7% to T1 and T2 and an interval of time between injection of stimulus and ovulation was 27.4  2.5h and 26.8  1.8 to T1 and T2, respectively. In Exp. 2, luteolysis was 0.0%, 0.0%, 25.0%, 0.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 0.0% for the treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, and T11 respectively. The results suggest that no differences exist between in the ovulation rate and interval to the ovulation between the application of @entity7458 or SP and that the CL was sensible at Day 5 to the @entity3009 respect SP and with similar response to the sensibility of CL from Day 6 to Day 8.

title: 165 effect of injection of seminal plasma on ovulation rate, corpus luteum development, and sensitivity to XXXX in @entity7858 ( @entity7858 ).

entities_list: @entity7458 :: ('MESH:D002064', 'Chemical') :: ['buserelin acetate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: The seminal plasma (SP) of camelids contains a protein identified as b Nerve Growth Factor with capacity of induced ovulation and develop a corpus luteum. A study was designed to evaluate the effect of application of SP on the interval of time from injection of stimulus to the ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) size (Experiment 1, n=24) and on the sensitivity of CL to the injection of @entity3009 (196  g of tiaprost) (PG) at different periods from ovulation (Experiment 2, n=86). Exp. 1: Adult female @entity7858 with presence of a follicle >= 7mm were assigned to the application of 1mL of SP via IM (T: n=12) or application of 50  g of @entity598 of busereline IM (T2: n=12). Exp. 2: @entity7858 with presence of a follicle >= 7mm were induced to ovulation with 50  g of @entity598 of busereline or 1mL IM of SP. Animals were evaluated by ultrasound to confirm the ovulation and were assigned to the following treatment: T1 (n=8): SP+PG Day 4; T2 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 4; T3 (n=8): SP+PG Day 5; T4 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 5; T5 (n=8): SP+PG Day 6; T6 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 6; T7 (n=8): SP+PG Day 7; T8 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 7; T9 (n=8): SP+PG Day 8; T10 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 8 and T11 (n=6) (Control): Application of 1mL of saline solution. The animals were evaluated by ultrasound with an Aloka SSD500 (Aloka, Tokyo, Japan) and 7.5-MHz linear transducer each 2h (Exp. 1) and each 12h (Exp. 2) after of application of PG. In Exp. 1, the ovulation rate was 95.7% to T1 and T2 and an interval of time between injection of stimulus and ovulation was 27.4  2.5h and 26.8  1.8 to T1 and T2, respectively. In Exp. 2, luteolysis was 0.0%, 0.0%, 25.0%, 0.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 0.0% for the treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, and T11 respectively. The results suggest that no differences exist between in the ovulation rate and interval to the ovulation between the application of @entity7458 or SP and that the CL was sensible at Day 5 to the @entity3009 respect SP and with similar response to the sensibility of CL from Day 6 to Day 8.

title: 165 effect of injection of seminal plasma on ovulation rate, corpus luteum development, and sensitivity to @entity3009 in XXXX ( @entity7858 ).

answer: @entity7858 :: (30538,Species) :: ['alpacas']


abstract: The seminal plasma (SP) of camelids contains a protein identified as b Nerve Growth Factor with capacity of induced ovulation and develop a corpus luteum. A study was designed to evaluate the effect of application of SP on the interval of time from injection of stimulus to the ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) size (Experiment 1, n=24) and on the sensitivity of CL to the injection of @entity3009 (196  g of tiaprost) (PG) at different periods from ovulation (Experiment 2, n=86). Exp. 1: Adult female @entity7858 with presence of a follicle >= 7mm were assigned to the application of 1mL of SP via IM (T: n=12) or application of 50  g of @entity598 of busereline IM (T2: n=12). Exp. 2: @entity7858 with presence of a follicle >= 7mm were induced to ovulation with 50  g of @entity598 of busereline or 1mL IM of SP. Animals were evaluated by ultrasound to confirm the ovulation and were assigned to the following treatment: T1 (n=8): SP+PG Day 4; T2 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 4; T3 (n=8): SP+PG Day 5; T4 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 5; T5 (n=8): SP+PG Day 6; T6 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 6; T7 (n=8): SP+PG Day 7; T8 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 7; T9 (n=8): SP+PG Day 8; T10 (n=8): @entity7458 +PG Day 8 and T11 (n=6) (Control): Application of 1mL of saline solution. The animals were evaluated by ultrasound with an Aloka SSD500 (Aloka, Tokyo, Japan) and 7.5-MHz linear transducer each 2h (Exp. 1) and each 12h (Exp. 2) after of application of PG. In Exp. 1, the ovulation rate was 95.7% to T1 and T2 and an interval of time between injection of stimulus and ovulation was 27.4  2.5h and 26.8  1.8 to T1 and T2, respectively. In Exp. 2, luteolysis was 0.0%, 0.0%, 25.0%, 0.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 0.0% for the treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, and T11 respectively. The results suggest that no differences exist between in the ovulation rate and interval to the ovulation between the application of @entity7458 or SP and that the CL was sensible at Day 5 to the @entity3009 respect SP and with similar response to the sensibility of CL from Day 6 to Day 8.

title: 165 effect of injection of seminal plasma on ovulation rate, corpus luteum development, and sensitivity to @entity3009 in @entity7858 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity7858 :: (30538,Species) :: ['vicugna pacos']


abstract: Several factors may influence transgenic animal production efficiency, and among them gene construction and the cell type used are of great importance. For a long time, fetal fibroblasts were largely used in generation of transgenic @entity291 production by nuclear transfer, however adult cells are very useful for cloning once the genotype of the donor nuclei is known, and derivation of such cells is technically simple, efficient, and reproducible. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of cell type on the percentage of GFP+ cells and fluorescence intensity, using two plasmids constructs encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Transfections were performed in @entity291 fetal fibroblasts (FF), @entity4479 ( @entity4479 ), and cumulus cells (CC) transfected by use of Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) for the internalization of FUGW or pEGFPN2 plasmid. Forty-eight hours after transfection, the number and the fluorescence intensity (arbitrary units) of GFP(+) cells was measured by flow cytometry (FACSAria, FACSDiva Software, BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Non-transfected cells were used as controls. Means were compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (SNK; P<0.05). The FUGW plasmid promoted a higher rate of transfection and fluorescence intensity than pEGFPN2 in all cell types evaluated. When the FUGW plasmid was used, higher transfection rates were obtained with fetal fibroblasts (FF: 17.8  2.82; @entity4479 : 10.66  0.65, CC: 3.9  1.97), while higher fluorescence intensity was observed in @entity4479 (FF: 4542  497.09; @entity4479 : 9367.5  3490.9, CC: 3496  2638.92). The pEGFPN2 plasmid showed percentage of transfected cells and fluorescence intensity significantly higher than the control only in cumulus cells (pEGFPN2 - FF: 4.9  0.14 and 206.47  755; @entity4479 : 760 and 2.4  0.70  330.92; CC: 3.9  1.97, and 1418  36.06, respectively; control - FF: 0.15  0.07 and 249  6:36; @entity4479 : 0.15  0.07 588  213.54, and CC 0.05  0 214  0.07, respectively). We conclude that the plasmid construction may influence the overall efficiency in transfected cells; however, the transfection percentage and fluorescence intensity is greatly influenced by the cell type. We suggest that transgenesis of a specific cell type may be enhanced by the proper choice of the expression vector.

title: 197 influence of plasmid construction and cell type on the generation of genetically modified cell lines in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4479 :: ('MESH:C538052', 'Disease') :: ['adult fibroblasts', 'AF']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate modulators ( @entity268 ) and @entity6708 , in adipocytes, are important for the regulation of the lipolysis rate. The phosphodiesterases (PDE) control @entity6708 and @entity268 levels by degradation. Different PDE isoforms are expressed in @entity291 oocytes and cumulus cells. Previously, we found that using an inhibitor of @entity71717 ( @entity7855 , SILD) increased @entity6708 levels in @entity291 oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM). In the current study we investigated if inhibition of @entity71717 during maturation reduces the lipid content in IVF embryos. For this, oocytes were cultured for 24h in maturation medium with 10% FCS and 10(-7)M SILD (treatment I), 10% FCS (treatment II) and 0.4% BSA (control; N   160 COC/groups submit to IVF). After COC were in vitro fertilized, cleavage (Day 4) and blastocyst rates (Day 7) were measured. Blastocysts were stained with @entity20186 (1 gmL(-1)) for lipid content quantification, by mean fluorescence intensity per  m(2), measured in the ImageJ program (fluorescence intensity, f.i.). Four replicates were transformed to log10 and subjected to statistical analysis using the SAS system (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) by ANOVA followed by Tukey test with a significance level of 5%. No difference in cleavage (Day 4) and blastocyst (Day 7) rates were observed in all groups (82 and 41.9%, respectively), showing that presence of FCS, SILD, or both in IVM medium did not affect embryo development. Treatment I had higher lipid content (40.35 f.i.) than treatment II (31.12 f.i.), which in turn was also superior to control (22.31 f.i.). According to the results, the presence of FCS in IVM media generates embryos with higher lipid content, and association of FCS and SIL further increased lipid content. Although inhibition of PDE5 increases @entity6708 levels and leads to higher lipolysis, such an effect was not observed when SIL was used as the PDE5 inhibitor. Reasons for such findings are still unclear, but a possibility would be the activation of a negative feedback mechanism by the increased @entity6708 generated by SIL, because this @entity377 activates PKG, which in turn inhibits @entity6708 synthesis by guanylate cyclase. During development the lower @entity6708 levels could reduce lipolysis, resulting in increased lipid accumulation in embryos. Further studies are needed to address this possibility.

title: 238 the role of phosphodiesterase (pde) 5a as mediator of lipolysis in XXXX oocytes and its effect on the development and lipid content of embryos produced in vitro.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an assisted reproductive technique that has been used with considerable success in @entity1 ; however, in the @entity291 species the efficiency of this technique is far from optimal. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 4 chemical activation treatments, @entity20119 (DMAP), @entity1880 (CHX), @entity11007 (ANY), and @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) on the pronuclear formation and embryo development of @entity291 embryos generated by ICSI. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were aspirated from abattoir ovaries, selected, and matured in 400-  L drops of standard TCM-199 maturation medium for 22h at 38.5  C and 5% @entity515 . The ICSI was performed by a standard procedure. Injected oocytes were randomly distributed and activated by 5  M @entity1360 for 5min (Io) followed by i) 5  gmL(-1) CHX for 5h (Io/CHX), ii) 3h window followed by a second Io treatment plus 1.9mM DMAP for 4h (2Io/DMAP), iii) 1  gmL(-1) ANY for 5h (Io/ANY), and iv) 3h window followed by 7% @entity1068 (Io/ @entity167 ). Embryos were cultured in 50-  L drops of KSOM medium under mineral oil at 38.5  C and 5% @entity515 , 5% O2, and 90% N2. Cleavage was recorded at 72h and blastocyst rate at 192h. Pronuclear formation analysis was carried out at 18 hpa with Hoechst staining. An oocyte was considered fertilized when 2 polar bodies and 1 female and 1 male pronucleus (or a decondensed sperm head) could be observed. The data were transformed to arcsine, analysed by ANOVA, and means were compared using Tukey's test with Statgraphics Plus 2 Software. Results with a total of 431 injected oocytes (114, 104, 101, and 112 for DMAP, CHX, ANY, and @entity167 , respectively) showed differences in cleavage (P<0.01) in DMAP, CHX, and ANY treatments (86, 72, and 78%, respectively), relative to @entity167 (12%). Similarly, the rate of blastocysts/injected oocyte at 192h was higher with DMAP, CHX, and ANY (41, 20, and 32%, respectively), relative to @entity167 (4%). Sham-injected oocytes showed cleavage and blastocyst rates of 67, 43, 68, and 12% and 32, 11, 19, and 5%, for DMAP, CHX, ANY, and @entity167 , respectively. Despite the higher developmental rate observed with DMAP, pronuclear formation assessment revealed that fertilization rate was higher in CHX (87%) and ANY (75%) treatments relative to DMAP (35%). In conclusion, the results of the present study show that activation of @entity291 oocytes after ICSI is more efficient with DMAP and ANY, compared with CHX and @entity167 .

title: 320 effects of different activation regimens on pronuclear formation and pre-implantation developmental competence of in vitro-matured XXXX oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

entities_list: @entity20119 :: ('MESH:C001020', 'Chemical') :: ['6-dimethylaminopurine']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity11007 :: ('MESH:D000841', 'Chemical') :: ['anisomycin']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Low @entity560 status, i.e. circulating @entity14257 (25OHD) levels <50  nmol/l, is independently associated with increased CVD risk. Medication use may influence 25OHD levels. We therefore investigated the association of circulating 25OHD with medication use in @entity1 scheduled for cardiac surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 11,256 @entity1 were included in this cross-sectional study. We compared 25OHD levels of medication users (18 groups of continuously used and 5 groups of intermittently used medications) with levels of non-users. Moreover, we assessed variables (medications, demographic and clinical parameters) that were independently associated with 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. The prevalence of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l was 65.7%. The use of statins and immunosuppressive agents was significantly associated with higher 25OHD levels and lower odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. The use of ACE-inhibitors, @entity2661 and antibiotics was associated with lower 25OHD levels and higher odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. However, only use of antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents and @entity2661 showed clinically relevant differences in 25OHD levels, i.e. differences of more than +4  nmol/l or -4  nmol/l, compared with respective non-users. These medications were prescribed either intermittently (antibiotics, @entity2661 ) and/or infrequently (<2%; immunosuppressive agents, @entity2661 ) and/or its causal relationship with circulating 25OHD is questionable (antibiotics). Female sex and blood drawing during wintertime were associated with the highest odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. CONCLUSION: Data indicate that in @entity1 with high cardiovascular risk profile medication use does not substantially contribute to 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l.

title: Association between circulating XXXX levels and medication use in @entity1 scheduled for cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity14257 :: (MESH:C104450,Chemical) :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Low @entity560 status, i.e. circulating @entity14257 (25OHD) levels <50  nmol/l, is independently associated with increased CVD risk. Medication use may influence 25OHD levels. We therefore investigated the association of circulating 25OHD with medication use in @entity1 scheduled for cardiac surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 11,256 @entity1 were included in this cross-sectional study. We compared 25OHD levels of medication users (18 groups of continuously used and 5 groups of intermittently used medications) with levels of non-users. Moreover, we assessed variables (medications, demographic and clinical parameters) that were independently associated with 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. The prevalence of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l was 65.7%. The use of statins and immunosuppressive agents was significantly associated with higher 25OHD levels and lower odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. The use of ACE-inhibitors, @entity2661 and antibiotics was associated with lower 25OHD levels and higher odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. However, only use of antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents and @entity2661 showed clinically relevant differences in 25OHD levels, i.e. differences of more than +4  nmol/l or -4  nmol/l, compared with respective non-users. These medications were prescribed either intermittently (antibiotics, @entity2661 ) and/or infrequently (<2%; immunosuppressive agents, @entity2661 ) and/or its causal relationship with circulating 25OHD is questionable (antibiotics). Female sex and blood drawing during wintertime were associated with the highest odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. CONCLUSION: Data indicate that in @entity1 with high cardiovascular risk profile medication use does not substantially contribute to 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l.

title: Association between circulating @entity14257 levels and medication use in XXXX scheduled for cardiac surgery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ) is eleven times more common among @entity1 with @entity6 than the general population and is treatable with appropriate immunotherapy. Treatment response is usually measured clinically (symptomatic and functional improvement). We present a case of a @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and @entity2646 whose treatment response was measurable with the Sudoscan sudomotor function test. This test may represent a new objective evaluation of the treatment of @entity2646 . CASE DESCRIPTION: The @entity1 is a 60year old male initially referred to our center in August 2012, at which time he was diagnosed with @entity2646 based on AAN electrodiagnostic criteria (NCS). Autonomic functions were significant for @entity258 variability response to expiration/inspiration (E/I), Valsalva maneuver and the ratio of the RR interval for the 30th to the 15th beat upon standing (1.08, 1.12, 1.05 respectively), and frequency analysis of the total spectral power, the standard deviation of the normal RR intervals (sdNN) and their root mean squared (rmsSD). Sudoscan electrochemical skin conductances (ESC), measuring small nerve fiber function on the palms and soles, were very low: 23  S in the feet and 32  S in the hands. After one cycle of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG: 6 doses total, 75g each) the @entity1 had no change in symptoms of burning, @entity1183 , @entity158 , and @entity73 . However, E/I, Valsalva, and 30:15 ratios (1.19, 1.36, 1.39 respectively) were improved, as were NCS. Sudoscan scores for feet and hands were unchanged (23  S and 32  S). In March 2013, the @entity1 's autonomic functions worsened (E/I, Valsalva, and 30:15 ratios 1.1, 1.07, 1.12 respectively), but feet and hand ESC started to show improvement (35  S and 52  S respectively). @entity500 was started. Eight days after a second cycle of IVIG in January 2014, the @entity1 reported for the first time less burning, @entity158 and tingling. E/I, Valsalva, and 30:15 ratios remained low (1.03, 1.07, and not analyzable, respectively), while foot and hand ESC scores continued to improve (43  S and 55  S respectively). DISCUSSION: @entity2646 diagnosis and treatment response are difficult in the @entity6 @entity1 . We found that NCS and autonomic function tests did not correlate well with clinical status while numerical Sudoscan scores matched closely symptomatic changes. ESC have been found to correlate well with peripheral small fiber function and @entity1109 in DPN. The findings in this @entity1 warrant further investigation of the use of Sudoscan to monitor @entity2646 response to therapy.

title: XXXX variants in @entity6 : measuring treatment response with a small nerve fiber test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['gait impairment']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['CIDP', 'Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['shooting pains']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low heart rate']

answer: @entity2646 :: (MESH:D020277,Disease) :: ['CIDP']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ) is eleven times more common among @entity1 with @entity6 than the general population and is treatable with appropriate immunotherapy. Treatment response is usually measured clinically (symptomatic and functional improvement). We present a case of a @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and @entity2646 whose treatment response was measurable with the Sudoscan sudomotor function test. This test may represent a new objective evaluation of the treatment of @entity2646 . CASE DESCRIPTION: The @entity1 is a 60year old male initially referred to our center in August 2012, at which time he was diagnosed with @entity2646 based on AAN electrodiagnostic criteria (NCS). Autonomic functions were significant for @entity258 variability response to expiration/inspiration (E/I), Valsalva maneuver and the ratio of the RR interval for the 30th to the 15th beat upon standing (1.08, 1.12, 1.05 respectively), and frequency analysis of the total spectral power, the standard deviation of the normal RR intervals (sdNN) and their root mean squared (rmsSD). Sudoscan electrochemical skin conductances (ESC), measuring small nerve fiber function on the palms and soles, were very low: 23  S in the feet and 32  S in the hands. After one cycle of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG: 6 doses total, 75g each) the @entity1 had no change in symptoms of burning, @entity1183 , @entity158 , and @entity73 . However, E/I, Valsalva, and 30:15 ratios (1.19, 1.36, 1.39 respectively) were improved, as were NCS. Sudoscan scores for feet and hands were unchanged (23  S and 32  S). In March 2013, the @entity1 's autonomic functions worsened (E/I, Valsalva, and 30:15 ratios 1.1, 1.07, 1.12 respectively), but feet and hand ESC started to show improvement (35  S and 52  S respectively). @entity500 was started. Eight days after a second cycle of IVIG in January 2014, the @entity1 reported for the first time less burning, @entity158 and tingling. E/I, Valsalva, and 30:15 ratios remained low (1.03, 1.07, and not analyzable, respectively), while foot and hand ESC scores continued to improve (43  S and 55  S respectively). DISCUSSION: @entity2646 diagnosis and treatment response are difficult in the @entity6 @entity1 . We found that NCS and autonomic function tests did not correlate well with clinical status while numerical Sudoscan scores matched closely symptomatic changes. ESC have been found to correlate well with peripheral small fiber function and @entity1109 in DPN. The findings in this @entity1 warrant further investigation of the use of Sudoscan to monitor @entity2646 response to therapy.

title: @entity2646 variants in XXXX : measuring treatment response with a small nerve fiber test.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The morphological condition of the pigmented @entity95 @entity1539 following irradiation with a Xenon arclamp at four different pulse energies was analyzed. It was shown that: 1. There is a direct relationship between the applied pulse energy and the extent, as well as the rate, of secondary-degenerative transformations. 2. Secondary-degenerative and repair processes occur simultaneously. 3. As opposed to the primary damage event, secondary degeneration appears to progress from the back to the front of the @entity1539 . 4. As a rule, pulse energies of less than 1 Joule do not lead to secondary perforation of the @entity1539 . Fifteen weeks, after the damage event, regeneration of connective tissue and the larger blood vessels, as well as of @entity17 may be found. 5. The inducing factors, as well as those sustaining the process of secondary degeneration after irradiation of the @entity95 @entity1539 with high pulse energies, cannot be explained on the basis of morphological findings alone.

title: [Degenerative and regenerative phenomena in pigmented XXXX irides following irradiation with the xenon arc lamp at different pulse energies (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['myelinated and unmyelinated nerves']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Herein, we are reporting for the first time one step biogenic synthesis of @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) at room temperature by using Ziziphus Jujuba leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The process of nanoparticles preparation is green, rapid, environmentally benign and cost effective. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by means of UV-Vis., XRD, FT-IR, TEM, DLS and Zeta potential. The absorption band centered at   max 434nm in UV-Vis. reflects surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs. XRD analysis revealed, that biosynthesized AgNPs are crystalline in nature with the face centered cubic structure. FT-IR analysis indicates that nanoparticles were capped with the leaf extract. TEM images shows the synthesized nanoparticles are having different shapes with 20-30nm size. The data obtained from DLS that support the hydrodynamic size of 28nm. Zeta potential of -26.4mV indicates that the nanoparticles were highly stable in colloidal state. The effect of pH, quantity of leaf extract and concentrations of @entity4673 were also studied to attend control over the particle size and stability. The synthesized AgNPs shows highly efficient catalytic activity towards the reduction of anthropogenic pollutant @entity11921 (4-NP) and @entity6693 (MB) for environmental protection. Synthesized AgNPs also exhibited good antimicrobial activity against @entity526 .

title: Biogenic synthesis of multi-applicative XXXX nanoparticles by using Ziziphus Jujuba leaf extract.

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylene Blue']

entities_list: @entity11921 :: ('MESH:C024836', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: @entity112 is an important biogenic @entity6115 involved in regulating numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes in @entity1 and animals. To date, there have been very few studies focused on developing and validating sensitive liquid-chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ) assays capable of quantitative trace level @entity112 analysis in biological matrices. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive LC- @entity15 / @entity15 assay, amenable to high throughput analysis was developed and validated to characterize in vitro and in vivo @entity112 release. The LC- @entity15 / @entity15 procedure incorporating @entity6189 labeled internal standards provides rapid resolution of @entity112 with excellent sensitivity, precision, and accuracy. @entity112 eluted at 1.5min and was well separated from endogenous plasma peaks. The total run time of the assay was 8.0min. A linear (r(2)>= 0.99) instrument response over the entire concentration range of 1.0-1000ng/mL was observed. Excellent accuracy (error  3.4%) and precision (CV  10%) of the assay was demonstrated, with the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) at 15.6ng/mL. The validated LC- @entity15 / @entity15 assay was applied to determine @entity112 release in both in vitro and in vivo models. Peritoneal mast cells treated with prototypical degranulating agents (Compound 48/80 and Teicoplanin) showed that the two chemicals caused approximately 40% @entity112 release. In @entity35 , using this assay, basal @entity112 plasma levels were typically under 100ng/mL. Treatment with an agent suspected of causing anaphylactic type reactions resulted in plasma @entity112 levels to increase above 3000ng/mL. The LC- @entity15 / @entity15 assay presented in this study can be applied to further characterize the physiological and pathophysiological role of @entity112 release in complex in vitro and in vivo models. Importantly, the LC- @entity15 / @entity15 assay may be useful in assessing active pharmaceutical ingredient-mediated degranulation and @entity2021 as part of either a pre-market or a post-market assessment of drug products.

title: Development and validation of a liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method to determine in vitro and in vivo XXXX release.

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Probiotic formulations of single species of bacteria have not been effective in preventing the recurrence of @entity30 after surgery. We investigated the ability of VSL#3, a mixture of 8 different bacterial probiotic species, to prevent @entity30 recurrence after surgery in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS: Within 30 days of ileocolonic resection and re- @entity254 , @entity1 with @entity30 were randomly assigned to groups given 1 sachet of VSL#3 (900 billion viable bacteria, comprising 4 strains of Lactobacillus, 3 strains of Bifidobacterium, and 1 strain of @entity5858 ) (n  = 59) or matching placebo (n  = 60). Colonoscopy was performed at days 90 and 365 to evaluate the neoterminal ileum for disease recurrence and obtain mucosal biopsies for cytokine analysis. @entity1 from both groups with either no or mild endoscopic recurrence at day 90 received VSL#3 until day 365. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 with severe endoscopic recurrence at day  90. RESULTS: At day 90, the proportion of @entity1 with severe @entity75 did not differ significantly between VSL#3 (9.3%) and placebo (15.7%, P  = .19). The proportions of @entity1 with non-severe lesions at day 90 who had severe endoscopic recurrence at day 365 were 10.0% in the early VSL#3 group (given VSL#3 for the entire 365 days) and 26.7% in the late VSL#3 group (given VSL#3 from days 90 through 365) (P  = .09). Aggregate rates of severe recurrence (on days 90 and 365) were not statistically different, 20.5% of subjects in the early VSL#3 group and 42.1% in the late VSL#3 group. @entity1 receiving VSL#3 had reduced mucosal inflammatory cytokine levels compared with placebo at day 90 (P < .05). @entity30 activity index and @entity29 quality of life scores were similar in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: There were no statistical differences in endoscopic recurrence rates at day 90 between @entity1 who received VSL#3 and @entity1 who received placebo. Lower mucosal levels of inflammatory cytokines and a lower rate of recurrence among @entity1 who received early VSL#3 (for the entire 365 days) indicate that this probiotic should be further investigated for prevention of @entity30 recurrence. Clinical trials.gov number: NCT00175292.

title: The Probiotic VSL#3 Has Anti-inflammatory Effects and Could Reduce Endoscopic Recurrence After Surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic lesions']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity5858 :: ('1308', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus salivarius subspecies thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']