abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to recognise if there is any auditory sensory stimuli processing in @entity468 under general anaesthesia, and to evaluate changes in respiratory rate (RR) and @entity2300 ( @entity2300 ) in anaesthetised @entity1 exposed to different music genres, while relating this to the depth of anaesthesia. METHODS: A sample of 12 @entity468 submitted for elective ovariohysterectomy were exposed to 2 min excerpts of three different music genres (classical [CM], pop [PM] and heavy metal [HM]) at three points during surgery (T1 = coeliotomy; T2 = ligature placement and transection of the ovarian pedicle; T3 = ligature placement and transection of the uterine body). A multiparametric medical monitor was used to measure the RR, and a digital calliper was used for @entity2300 measurement. Music was delivered through headphones, which fully covered the @entity1 's ears. P values       <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.        RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between stimuli conditions for all surgical points were obtained for RR (T1, P = 0.03; T2, P = 0.00; and T3, P = 0.00) and for @entity2300 (T1, P = 0.03; T2, P = 0.04; and T3, P = 0.00). Most individuals exhibited lower values for RR and @entity2300 when exposed to CM, intermediate values to PM and higher values to HM. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results suggest that @entity468 under general anaesthesia are likely to perform auditory sensory stimuli processing. The exposure to music induces RR and @entity2300 variations modulated by the genre of music and is associated with autonomic nervous system activity. The use of music in the surgical theatre may contribute to allowing a reduced anaesthetic dose, minimising undesirable side effects and thus promoting @entity1 safety.

title: Influence of music and its genres on respiratory rate and pupil diameter variations in @entity468 under general anaesthesia: contribution to promoting XXXX safety.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity547 are the most common type of @entity2914 . Because of its overall rare incidence, this entity is often overlooked during initial assessment of the @entity1 . Lack of specific diagnostic criteria also makes diagnosis exceedingly difficult, and the resulting diagnostic delays can lead to tragic outcomes for @entity1 . Despite these perceived barriers to timely diagnosis, there may be specific radiographic findings that, when combined with the appropriate constellation of clinical symptoms, would aid in diagnosis. This @entity1 first presented at 8 years of age with vague symptoms of postprandial emesis, chronic @entity490 , @entity390 , and @entity1163 . Over the span of 6 years he was evaluated 2 to 3 times a year with similar complaints, all of which quickly resolved spontaneously. He underwent multiple laboratory, imaging, and endoscopic studies, which were nondiagnostic. It was not until he developed signs of a high-grade obstruction and extremis that he was found to have a large left paraduodenal hernia that had volvulized around the superior @entity2270 . This resulted in the loss of the entire superior @entity2270 distribution of the small and large intestine and @entity39 of the duodenum. In cases of chronic @entity3885 without clear etiology, careful attention and consideration should be given to the constellation of symptoms, imaging studies, and potential use of diagnostic laparoscopy. Increased vigilance by primary care and consulting physicians is necessary to detect this rare but readily correctable condition.

title: @entity2914 Causing XXXX and Abdominal Catastrophe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital internal hernia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Paraduodenal hernias']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric axis']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['Chronic Abdominal Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity547 are the most common type of @entity2914 . Because of its overall rare incidence, this entity is often overlooked during initial assessment of the @entity1 . Lack of specific diagnostic criteria also makes diagnosis exceedingly difficult, and the resulting diagnostic delays can lead to tragic outcomes for @entity1 . Despite these perceived barriers to timely diagnosis, there may be specific radiographic findings that, when combined with the appropriate constellation of clinical symptoms, would aid in diagnosis. This @entity1 first presented at 8 years of age with vague symptoms of postprandial emesis, chronic @entity490 , @entity390 , and @entity1163 . Over the span of 6 years he was evaluated 2 to 3 times a year with similar complaints, all of which quickly resolved spontaneously. He underwent multiple laboratory, imaging, and endoscopic studies, which were nondiagnostic. It was not until he developed signs of a high-grade obstruction and extremis that he was found to have a large left paraduodenal hernia that had volvulized around the superior @entity2270 . This resulted in the loss of the entire superior @entity2270 distribution of the small and large intestine and @entity39 of the duodenum. In cases of chronic @entity3885 without clear etiology, careful attention and consideration should be given to the constellation of symptoms, imaging studies, and potential use of diagnostic laparoscopy. Increased vigilance by primary care and consulting physicians is necessary to detect this rare but readily correctable condition.

title: XXXX Causing @entity490 and Abdominal Catastrophe.

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['Congenital Left Paraduodenal Hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of @entity130 sustained during childhood on long-term mortality and to quantify any increased risk of @entity204 attributable to @entity130 . METHODS: A population-based cohort study of @entity1 younger than 15 years hospitalized for @entity130 in Western Australia (1980-2012) and a matched noninjured comparison group. Deidentified extraction of linked hospital morbidity and @entity204 records for the period 1980-2012 were provided by the Western Australian Data Linkage System. An inception cohort (1980-2012) of burn cases younger than 15 years of age when hospitalized for a first @entity130 (n = 10   426) and a frequency matched noninjured comparison cohort (n = 40   818) were identified. Survival analysis was conducted by using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression. Mortality rate ratios and attributable risk percent adjusted for sociodemographic and preexisting heath factors were generated. RESULTS: The median follow-up time for the pediatric burn cohort was 18.1 years after discharge. The adjusted all-cause mortality rate ratios for @entity130 was 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.3-2.0); @entity1 with @entity130 had a 1.6 times greater rate of mortality than those with no injury. The index @entity130 was estimated to account for 38% (attributable risk percent) of all recorded deaths in the @entity130 cohort during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 sustained by @entity1 is associated with an increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality. Estimates of the total mortality burden based on in-hospital deaths alone underestimates the true burden from @entity130 .

title: Mortality After Burn Injury in XXXX : A 33-year Population-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury', 'Burn injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of soft stabilization with an artificial intervertebral ligament after microdecompression for the treatment of grade I @entity179 . METHODS: From a total of 54 @entity1 with @entity179 who were treated surgically from May 2000 to April 2003, 36 @entity1 who showed grade I spondylolisthesis without evidence of concomitant disc herniation necessitating discectomy were enrolled in the study. After decompression, the @entity1 had undergone either soft stabilization with an artificial intervertebral ligament (n = 17) or instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF; n = 19). RESULTS: The average follow-up period was 24 months for the PLIF group and 16 months for the soft stabilization group. In the PLIF group, preoperative mean scores of 60% on the @entity717 Index, 8.8 on the visual analog scale (VAS) for @entity1643 , and 9.3 on the VAS for leg @entity158 improved to 28%, 4.1, and 2.6, respectively, after surgery. Corresponding scores in the soft stabilization group were 55%, 8.4, and 8.9, improving to 25%, 4.1, and 2.2 after surgery. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in any of these clinical parameters. @entity1 ' subjective improvement rates and satisfaction with the surgical procedure were higher in the soft stabilization group, but the differences were not significant. Mean operation time and mean @entity190 were significantly lower in the soft stabilization group than in the PLIF group. In the soft stabilization group, there were 3 cases of progression of slippage in @entity1 who had had preoperative slippage of more than 20%; there was 1 dural tear in the PLIF group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with grade I @entity179 who received soft stabilization with an artificial intervertebral ligament after microdecompression had clinical outcomes similar to those of @entity1 who received PLIF. Since soft stabilization can be done in a much less invasive way than fusion, if slippage is 20% or less, soft stabilization with an artificial ligament is a viable alternative to fusion for @entity1 who are elderly or who have significant comorbidities that make a prolonged operation inadvisable. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: This study was a retrospective comparative study with a very limited population (level III evidence).

title: Soft stabilization with an artificial intervertebral ligament in grade I XXXX : comparison with instrumented posterior lumbar interbody fusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative spondylolisthesis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative spondylolisthesis']


abstract: @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) is thought to arise from the mesothelial cells that line the @entity1143 . Most @entity1 initially experience the insidious onset of @entity662 or @entity1353 and have a history of asbestos exposure. @entity3620 rarely presents as spontaneous pneumothorax. We report two male @entity1 who presented with a spontaneous hydropneumothorax. One was exposed to asbestos and the other was not. Computed tomography showed tiny nodules with @entity1143 . They both underwent @entity1143 cytology and/or pleural biopsy. Therefore, the pathological diagnosis of @entity3620 was obtained in both cases. We also reviewed 16 Japanese @entity3620 cases with pneumothorax including our two @entity1 . More than half of the @entity1 suffered from pneumothorax repeatedly. We emphasize the need to obtain a pathological diagnosis of @entity1143 cytology and/or pleural biopsy in older @entity1 presenting with a spontaneous hydropneumothorax.

title: XXXX presenting as a spontaneous pneumothorax.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural thickness', 'pleural cavities']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'Malignant pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['Malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in therapies for @entity29 ( @entity29 ), @entity1 quality of life continues to be significantly impacted. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of @entity8787 on @entity1 and families with regard to leisure, relationships, mental well-being and financial security, and to evaluate the quality and availability of @entity8787 information. METHODS: An online survey was advertised on the @entity30 Canada website, and at gastroenterology clinics at the University of Alberta Hospital (Edmonton, Alberta) and University of Calgary Hospital (Calgary, Alberta). RESULTS: The survey was completed by 281 @entity8787 @entity1 and 32 family members. Among respondents with @entity8787 , 64% reported a significant or major impact on leisure activities, 52% a significant or major impact on interpersonal relationships, 40% a significant or major impact on financial security, and 28% a significant or major impact on planning to start a family. @entity1 information needs emphasized understanding disease progression (84%) and extraintestinal symptoms (82%). There was a strong interest in support systems such as health care insurance (70%) and alternative therapies (66%). The most common source of information for @entity1 was their gastroenterologist (70%); however, most (70%) @entity1 preferred to obtain their information from the @entity30 Canada website. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of @entity8787 on interpersonal relationships and leisure activities was significant among @entity8787 @entity1 and their families. Understanding the disease, but also alternative treatment options, was of high interest. Currently, there is a discrepancy between interest in information topics and their availability. Respondents reported a strong desire to obtain information regarding disease progression, especially extraintestinal symptoms.

title: Living with @entity29 : A XXXX Canada survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's and Colitis"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBDs', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's and Colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in therapies for @entity29 ( @entity29 ), @entity1 quality of life continues to be significantly impacted. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of @entity8787 on @entity1 and families with regard to leisure, relationships, mental well-being and financial security, and to evaluate the quality and availability of @entity8787 information. METHODS: An online survey was advertised on the @entity30 Canada website, and at gastroenterology clinics at the University of Alberta Hospital (Edmonton, Alberta) and University of Calgary Hospital (Calgary, Alberta). RESULTS: The survey was completed by 281 @entity8787 @entity1 and 32 family members. Among respondents with @entity8787 , 64% reported a significant or major impact on leisure activities, 52% a significant or major impact on interpersonal relationships, 40% a significant or major impact on financial security, and 28% a significant or major impact on planning to start a family. @entity1 information needs emphasized understanding disease progression (84%) and extraintestinal symptoms (82%). There was a strong interest in support systems such as health care insurance (70%) and alternative therapies (66%). The most common source of information for @entity1 was their gastroenterologist (70%); however, most (70%) @entity1 preferred to obtain their information from the @entity30 Canada website. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of @entity8787 on interpersonal relationships and leisure activities was significant among @entity8787 @entity1 and their families. Understanding the disease, but also alternative treatment options, was of high interest. Currently, there is a discrepancy between interest in information topics and their availability. Respondents reported a strong desire to obtain information regarding disease progression, especially extraintestinal symptoms.

title: Living with XXXX : A @entity30 Canada survey.

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The pathophysiology underlying postural instability in @entity191 is poorly understood. The frequent co-existence with freezing of gait raises the possibility of shared pathophysiology. There is evidence that dysfunction of brainstem structures contribute to freezing of gait. Here, we evaluated whether dysfunction of these structures contributes to postural instability as well. Brainstem function was assessed by studying the StartReact effect (acceleration of latencies by a startling acoustic stimulus (SAS)). METHODS: We included 25 @entity1 , divided in two different ways: 1) those with postural instability (HY = 3, n = 11) versus those without (HY<3, n = 14); and 2) those with freezing (n = 11) versus those without freezing (n = 14). We also tested 15 matched healthy controls. We tested postural responses by translating a balance platform in the forward direction, resulting in backward balance perturbations. In 25% of trials, the start of the balance perturbation was accompanied by a SAS. RESULTS: The amplitude of automatic postural responses and length of the first balance correcting step were smaller in @entity1 with postural instability compared to @entity1 without postural instability, but did not differ between freezers and non-freezers. In contrast, the StartReact effect was intact in @entity1 with postural instability but was attenuated in freezers. DISCUSSION: We suggest that the mechanisms underlying freezing of gait and postural instability in @entity191 are at least partly different. Underscaling of automatic postural responses and balance-correcting steps both contribute to postural instability. The attenuated StartReact effect was seen only in freezers and likely reflects inadequate representation of motor programs at upper brainstem level.

title: StartReact Effects Support Different Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Freezing of Gait and Postural Instability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN:                 <AbstractText Label="CASE REPORT" NlmCategory="METHODS"/>                <AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">We report a case of proximal junctional failure at the ankylosed, but not the mobile, junction following segmental instrumented fusion for @entity179 with @entity74 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Proximal junctional failure (PJF) and proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) are important complications that occur subsequent to long-segment instrumentation for correction of adult @entity85 . Thus far, most studies have focused on the mobile junction as a site at which PJK/PJF can occur, and little is known about the relationship between PJK/PJF and ankylosing spinal disorders such as @entity5039 ( @entity5039 ). METHOD: The @entity1 was an 82-year-old @entity1 with @entity179 . She had abnormal confluent @entity4916 in the anterior longitudinal ligaments from Th5 to Th10. The @entity1 was treated operatively with spinal instrumented fusion from Th10 to the sacrum. RESULTS: Four weeks subsequent to initial surgery, the @entity1 developed progressive @entity1746 paresis caused by the uppermost instrumented @entity174 (Th10) and adjacent subluxation (Th9). Extension of fusion to Th5 with decompression at Th9-10 was performed. However, the @entity1 showed no improvement in neurological function. CONCLUSION: PJF can occur at the ankylosing site above the uppermost instrumented vertebrae following long-segment instrumentation for adult @entity85 . PJF in the ankylosed spine may cause severe @entity174 instability and @entity602 . The ankylosed spine should be integrated into the objective determination of materials contributing to the appropriate selection of fusion levels.

title: Proximal Junctional Failure following long-segment Instrumentation for XXXX with @entity74 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebrae fracture']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord deficit']

entities_list: @entity5039 :: ('MESH:D004057', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis', 'DISH']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Degenerative Lumbar Kyphosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN:                 <AbstractText Label="CASE REPORT" NlmCategory="METHODS"/>                <AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">We report a case of proximal junctional failure at the ankylosed, but not the mobile, junction following segmental instrumented fusion for @entity179 with @entity74 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Proximal junctional failure (PJF) and proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) are important complications that occur subsequent to long-segment instrumentation for correction of adult @entity85 . Thus far, most studies have focused on the mobile junction as a site at which PJK/PJF can occur, and little is known about the relationship between PJK/PJF and ankylosing spinal disorders such as @entity5039 ( @entity5039 ). METHOD: The @entity1 was an 82-year-old @entity1 with @entity179 . She had abnormal confluent @entity4916 in the anterior longitudinal ligaments from Th5 to Th10. The @entity1 was treated operatively with spinal instrumented fusion from Th10 to the sacrum. RESULTS: Four weeks subsequent to initial surgery, the @entity1 developed progressive @entity1746 paresis caused by the uppermost instrumented @entity174 (Th10) and adjacent subluxation (Th9). Extension of fusion to Th5 with decompression at Th9-10 was performed. However, the @entity1 showed no improvement in neurological function. CONCLUSION: PJF can occur at the ankylosing site above the uppermost instrumented vertebrae following long-segment instrumentation for adult @entity85 . PJF in the ankylosed spine may cause severe @entity174 instability and @entity602 . The ankylosed spine should be integrated into the objective determination of materials contributing to the appropriate selection of fusion levels.

title: Proximal Junctional Failure following long-segment Instrumentation for @entity179 with XXXX .

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Ankylosing Spinal Disorder']


abstract: Ninety-nine cases of peripheral @entity3541 in @entity1 treated at Ste. Justine's Hospital over a 10 year period were reviewed. Sexes were nearly equally affected with a slightly higher incidence in female. Cases were distributed quite evenly throughout childhood except for a definitely higher incidence in the 0--2 year old group. @entity130 , @entity4401 , and @entity32 were found to be the most frequent causes of @entity3541 in that group of cases. Cases of @entity32 did generally well on antibiotics and nearly 70 per cent so recovered completely. Twenty per cent only had to undergo simple mastoidectomy and two cases a decompression. Out of 25 cases of @entity4401 , 18 recovered totally without surgery and four were decompressed with total or partial recovery. Following this study, the need for a more complete evaluation and somewhat more standardized treatment became obvious. This may permit in the future a more adequate knowledge of the problem and likely a better management.

title: [ XXXX in @entity1 --study of 99 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['otomastoid inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis', 'facial palsy']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['Facial paralysis']


abstract: Ninety-nine cases of peripheral @entity3541 in @entity1 treated at Ste. Justine's Hospital over a 10 year period were reviewed. Sexes were nearly equally affected with a slightly higher incidence in female. Cases were distributed quite evenly throughout childhood except for a definitely higher incidence in the 0--2 year old group. @entity130 , @entity4401 , and @entity32 were found to be the most frequent causes of @entity3541 in that group of cases. Cases of @entity32 did generally well on antibiotics and nearly 70 per cent so recovered completely. Twenty per cent only had to undergo simple mastoidectomy and two cases a decompression. Out of 25 cases of @entity4401 , 18 recovered totally without surgery and four were decompressed with total or partial recovery. Following this study, the need for a more complete evaluation and somewhat more standardized treatment became obvious. This may permit in the future a more adequate knowledge of the problem and likely a better management.

title: [ @entity3541 in XXXX --study of 99 cases].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Estimates of familial risk of @entity29 ( @entity29 ), @entity30 ( @entity30 ), and @entity31 ( @entity31 ) are needed for counseling of @entity1 and could be used to target future prevention. We aimed to provide comprehensive population-based estimates of familial risk of @entity8787 . METHODS: The study encompassed the entire Danish population during 1977-2011 (N=8,295,773; 200 million @entity1 -years). From national registries, we obtained information on diagnosis date of @entity8787 (N=45,780) and family ties. Using Poisson regression, we estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of @entity8787 in relatives of @entity8787 cases compared with individuals with relatives of the same type without @entity8787 . RESULTS: The risk of @entity30 was significantly increased in first-degree (IRR, 7.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.05-8.56), second-degree (IRR, 2.44; 95% CI, 2.01-2.96), and third-degree relatives (IRR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.30-2.71) to @entity1 with @entity30 , and was less pronounced in relatives to @entity31 cases. Likewise, the risk of @entity31 was increased in first-degree (IRR, 4.08; 95% CI, 3.81-4.38), second-degree (IRR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.60-2.13), and third-degree relatives (IRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.07-2.12) of @entity31 cases, and less pronounced in relatives of @entity30 cases. IRRs increased with two or more @entity8787 -affected relatives and were modified by age, with the highest family-related IRR observed in early life. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity8787 is significantly increased in first -, second-, and third-degree relatives of @entity8787 -affected cases, with up to 12% of all @entity8787 cases being family cases. The risk is particularly pronounced in young individuals.

title: Familial Risk of XXXX : A Population-Based Cohort Study 1977-2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Histology remains a cornerstone for antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) diagnosis. Little data exist supporting histology for assessing therapeutic responses. This study evaluates histologic components in assessing AMR therapeutic responses. METHODS: Antibody-mediated rejection was diagnosed using Antibody Working Group criteria and Banff component scoring, and C4d staining data were analyzed. Statistics included independent and paired samples t test,   , Fisher exact, or the Wilcoxon-signed rank test. Fifty-five AMR @entity1 were analyzed. Early AMR was defined as occurring within 6 months after transplantation and treated with a single rituximab dose and 4 @entity1749 doses preceded by plasmapheresis. Allograft biopsies were performed within 48 hours of treatment; repeat biopsy was performed 14 to 21 days later. RESULTS: Early AMR demonstrated histologic improvement in mean scores for acute Banff components glomerulitis (g), C4d, g+ peritubular capillaritis (ptc) and acute composite score, but showed @entity194 and @entity82 . Late AMR showed improved mean scores for acute @entity2483 , @entity32 , g, ptc, g + ptc, C4d, and acute composite score, but chronic scores did not change. Significant changes in distribution of Banff scores after treatment were observed for g, C4d, tubular @entity194 , and @entity82 scores in early AMR @entity1 and @entity9538 , @entity32 , g, ptc, and C4d in late AMR. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that: (1) Banff component scoring provides insights into histologic responses to AMR therapy and may provide a potential endpoint for clinical AMR trials. (2) Early and late AMR demonstrate differences in acute and chronic Banff components at the time of the AMR diagnostic biopsy, as well as differential responses to AMR therapy.

title: A Banff Component Scoring-based Histologic Assessment of XXXX -based Antibody-mediated Rejection Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9538 :: ('MESH:D007673', 'Disease') :: ['tubulitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration in chronic Banff components tubular atrophy', 'atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['Banff components tubulitis']

answer: @entity1749 :: (MESH:C400082,Chemical) :: ['Bortezomib']


abstract: Inhaled vapours may stimulate both olfactory receptor cells and endings of the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve often contributes a pungent, irritating attribute to odours. Many odorants exhibit some pungency when dilute and most become pungent when concentrated. Because the trigeminal system commonly shares the chemosensory burden with olfaction, it is relevant to ask whether these anatomically distinct systems interact. Two obscure psychophysical observations argue for an inhibitory influence of trigeminal over olfactory activity. Katz and Talbert observed that a vapour with both odour and pungency might lose odour at high concentrations, @entity146 masking odour. The nineteenth century philosopher Alexander Bain, nothing that concentrated @entity544 ( @entity13349 ) evokes pungency, remarked "if a current of @entity13349 accompanies an odour, the effect (odour) is arrested" (ref. 8). We have taken up Bain's forgotten observation and used @entity544 to endow otherwise benign concentrations of odorant with varying degrees of pungency. The experiments reported here reveal a strong mutual interaction between pungency and odour, occurring without attenuation even when irritant enters one nostril and odorant the other.

title: Interaction between chemoreceptive modalities of odour and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13349 :: ('MESH:D002255', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonic acid']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['irritation']


abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics of 15 @entity1 with occlusive @entity66 was studied using RI cisternography (RIC) and @entity6161 CT cisternography (CTC) and these methods were compared. RIC demonstrated RI retention in 9 @entity1 , which was noticed in all chronic stage @entity1 (over one month after apopletic episode). Five @entity1 had @entity510 in affected cerebral hemisphere. @entity67 , however, was present in only one @entity1 . @entity6161 CTC (170 mgI/ml) showed @entity67 or @entity3179 in 11 of 16 @entity1 . Seven @entity1 revaaled asymmetrical @entity6161 filling of Sylvian fissures at 3 or 6 hours after intrathecal injection of @entity6161 . Asymmetrical demonstration of Sylvian fissure after 3 hours in 3 @entity1 corresponded with the finding of @entity510 at the same side on RIC. The clinical values of CTC were emphasized on the basis of this investigation. @entity67 or @entity3179 , which indicated one of the important findings on cerebrospinal fluid flow disturbance, was easily and clearly detected. Asymmetrical @entity6161 filling of Sylvian fissures at 3 hours after injection was compatible with @entity510 on RIC.

title: [Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in occlusive XXXX --comparison with computed tomography and radioisotope cisternography (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid block']

entities_list: @entity6161 :: ('MESH:D008793', 'Chemical') :: ['Metrizamide', 'metrizamide']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular reflux', 'ventricular reflux']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Transaortic left ventricular septal myectomy described by Morrow is a classical procedure for the treatment of systolic anterior motion of the mitral apparatus associated with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). We aimed to review our results of transmitral septal myectomy and mitral valve repair/replacement in @entity1 with @entity339 associated with @entity1121 , operated on through a minimally invasive approach. METHODS: Between 2005 and 2014, 19 @entity1 [7 @entity1 (37%); mean (SD) age, 69.4 (14.5) years] were treated with minimally invasive approach for @entity339 and @entity1121 . Preoperative peak left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient was 66 (24) mm Hg. Severe @entity339 was diagnosed in 16 cases (84%). New York Heart Association functional class III to IV @entity712 was present in 13 @entity1 (68%). RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (79%) underwent mitral valve replacement, and four @entity1 (21%) underwent mitral valve repair. @entity3585 was corrected directly in all @entity1 via the mitral valve with septal myectomy/myotomy, avoiding aortotomy in majority of the @entity1 . No significant prolongation of extracorporeal circulation/aortic cross-clamping times was observed (P = 0.41 and P = 0.67, respectively) when compared with a similar population without @entity1121 . No iatrogenic @entity1757 developed in treated @entity1 . No hospital mortality occurred. Resting LVOT gradient reduced at discharge to 13 (22) mm Hg (P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Transmitral left ventricular septal myectomy in @entity1 with @entity179 is quite a simple, feasible, and effective technique and does not require aortotomy in most cases. It can be performed with low early mortality and satisfactory resolution of @entity3585 in a minimally invasive setting.

title: Minimally Invasive Septal Myectomy for the Treatment of XXXX and Intrinsic @entity339 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic mitral valve disease', 'degenerative mitral regurgitation', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction', 'LVOT obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HOCM', 'hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Transaortic left ventricular septal myectomy described by Morrow is a classical procedure for the treatment of systolic anterior motion of the mitral apparatus associated with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). We aimed to review our results of transmitral septal myectomy and mitral valve repair/replacement in @entity1 with @entity339 associated with @entity1121 , operated on through a minimally invasive approach. METHODS: Between 2005 and 2014, 19 @entity1 [7 @entity1 (37%); mean (SD) age, 69.4 (14.5) years] were treated with minimally invasive approach for @entity339 and @entity1121 . Preoperative peak left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient was 66 (24) mm Hg. Severe @entity339 was diagnosed in 16 cases (84%). New York Heart Association functional class III to IV @entity712 was present in 13 @entity1 (68%). RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (79%) underwent mitral valve replacement, and four @entity1 (21%) underwent mitral valve repair. @entity3585 was corrected directly in all @entity1 via the mitral valve with septal myectomy/myotomy, avoiding aortotomy in majority of the @entity1 . No significant prolongation of extracorporeal circulation/aortic cross-clamping times was observed (P = 0.41 and P = 0.67, respectively) when compared with a similar population without @entity1121 . No iatrogenic @entity1757 developed in treated @entity1 . No hospital mortality occurred. Resting LVOT gradient reduced at discharge to 13 (22) mm Hg (P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Transmitral left ventricular septal myectomy in @entity1 with @entity179 is quite a simple, feasible, and effective technique and does not require aortotomy in most cases. It can be performed with low early mortality and satisfactory resolution of @entity3585 in a minimally invasive setting.

title: Minimally Invasive Septal Myectomy for the Treatment of @entity1121 and Intrinsic XXXX .

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Mitral Valve Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity131 management guided by intracranial pressure monitoring and to explore the specific subgroups for which intracranial pressure monitoring might be significantly associated with improved outcomes based on a classification of the various @entity131 pathophysiologies using the clinical features and CT scans. DESIGN: Retrospective observational multicenter study. SETTING: Twenty-two hospitals (16 level I @entity130 centers and six level II @entity130 centers) in nine provinces in China. @entity1 : Moderate or severe @entity131 @entity1 who were more than 14 years old. INTERVENTIONS: Intracranial pressure monitoring. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All data were collected by physicians from medical records. The 6-month mortality and favorable outcome were assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended score. An intracranial pressure monitor was inserted into 838 @entity1 (58.1%). The mean duration of intracranial pressure monitoring was 4.44        3.65 days. The significant predictors of intracranial pressure monitoring included the mechanism of injury, a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 9-12 at admission that dropped to a score of 3-8 within 24 hours after injury, a Marshall CT classification of III-IV, the presence of a major extracranial @entity130 , @entity75 , @entity130 center level, and intracranial pressure monitoring utilization of hospital. The intracranial pressure monitoring and no intracranial pressure monitoring groups did not significantly differ in terms of complications. For the total sample, the placement of intracranial pressure monitoring was not associated with either 6-month mortality (16.9% vs 20.5%; p = 0.086) or 6-month unfavorable outcome (49.4% vs 45.8%; p = 0.175). For @entity1 with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 3-8 at admission, intracranial pressure monitoring was also not significantly associated with 6-month mortality (20.9% vs 26.0%; p = 0.053) or an unfavorable outcome (56.9% vs 55.5%; p = 0.646). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that intracranial pressure monitoring resulted in a significantly lower 6-month mortality for @entity1 who had a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 3-5 at admission (adjusted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36-0.90; adjusted p = 0.016), those who had a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 9-12 at admission that dropped to 3-8 within 24 hours after injury (adjusted odds ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08-0.96; adjusted p = 0.043), and those who had a probability of @entity204 at 6 months greater than 0.6 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32-0.94; adjusted p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: There were multiple differences between the intracranial pressure monitoring and no intracranial pressure monitoring groups regarding @entity1 characteristics, @entity130 , characteristics of CT scan, and hospital type. Intracranial pressure monitoring in conjunction with intracranial pressure-targeted therapies is significantly associated with lower mortality in some special @entity131 subgroups. The prospective randomized controlled trials specifically investigating these subgroups will be required to further characterize the effects of intracranial pressure monitoring on behavioral outcomes in @entity1 with @entity131 .

title: Effects and Clinical Characteristics of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring-Targeted Management for Subsets of XXXX : An Observational Multicenter Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraparenchymal lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury, subdural hematoma', 'trauma', 'injury severity']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Administrative claims contain detailed medication, diagnosis, and procedure data, but the lack of clinical outcomes for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) historically has limited their use in comparative effectiveness research. A claims-based algorithm was developed and validated to estimate effectiveness for @entity309 from data for adherence, dosing, and treatment modifications. OBJECTIVE: To implement the claims-based algorithm in a U.S. managed care database to estimate biologic cost per effectively treated @entity1 . METHODS: The cohort included @entity1 with @entity309 aged 18-63 years in the Optum Research Database who initiated biologic treatment between January 2007 and December 2010 and were continuously enrolled 6 months before through 12 months after the first claim for the biologic (the index date). @entity1 were categorized as effectively treated by the claims-based algorithm if they met all of the following 6 criteria in the 12-month post-index period: (1) a medication possession ratio >=    80% for subcutaneous biologics, or at least as many infusions as specified in U.S. labeling for intravenous biologics; (2) no increase in biologic dose; (3) no switch in biologics; (4) no new nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; (5) no new or increased oral glucocorticoid treatment; and (6) no more than 1 glucocorticoid injection. Drug costs (all biologics) and administration costs (intravenous biologics) were obtained from allowed amounts on claims. Biologic cost per effectively treated @entity1 was defined as total 1-year biologic cost divided by the number of @entity1 categorized by the algorithm as effectively treated with that index biologic. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the total health care costs per effectively treated @entity1 during the first year of biologic therapy. RESULTS: A total of 5,474 individuals were included in the analysis. The index biologic was categorized as effective by the algorithm for 28.9% of @entity1 overall, including 30.6% for subcutaneous biologics and 22.1% for intravenous biologics. The index biologic was categorized as effective in the first year for 32.7% of etanercept (794/2,425), 32.3% of golimumab (40/124), 30.2% of abatacept (89/295), 27.7% of adalimumab (514/1,857), and 19.0% of infliximab (147/773) @entity1 . Mean 1-year biologic cost per effectively treated @entity1 , as defined in the algorithm, was lowest for etanercept ( 43,935), followed by golimumab ( 49,589), adalimumab ( 52,752), abatacept ( 62,300), and infliximab ( 101,402). The rank order in the sensitivity analysis was the same, except for golimumab and etanercept.  CONCLUSIONS: Using a claims-based algorithm in a large commercial claims database, etanercept was the most effective and had the lowest biologic cost per effectively treated @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: Cost and Effectiveness of Biologics for XXXX in a Commercially Insured Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Groin injuries are troublesome in @entity1 's and @entity1 's football. AIM: To review the literature on the epidemiology of @entity130 in senior football and compare injury occurrence between sexes. METHODS: Studies were identified through a search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science, in the reference lists of the selected articles and the authors' bibliographies. The number of injuries, percentage of @entity130 from all injuries and rate of @entity130 per 1000   h were extracted. Exposure and injury data were aggregated across included studies and the absolute differences in @entity130 proportion and rate of @entity130 were compared between sexes. Risk of bias was assessed using a 5-item checklist. RESULTS: 34 articles met the study criteria and were included. The proportion of @entity130 in @entity5149 was 4-19% in @entity1 and 2-14% in @entity1 . Aggregated data analysis (29 studies) showed a higher relative proportion of @entity130 in @entity1 than in @entity1 (12.8% vs 6.9%, absolute difference 5.9%, 95% CI 4.6% to 7.1%). The rate of @entity130 varied from 0.2 to 2.1/1000   h in @entity1 and 0.1 to 0.6/1000   h in @entity1 's club football, and aggregated analysis (23 studies) showed a more than two-fold higher rate in @entity1 (0.83/1000 h vs 0.35/1000   h, rate ratio 2.4, 95% CI 2.0 to 2.9). High risk of bias was identified for @entity1 selection (18 studies), exposure (17 studies) and precision estimate (16 studies). CONCLUSIONS: Groin injuries are frequent in senior football and are more common in @entity1 than @entity1 . Future research needs to be of higher quality.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX in senior football: a systematic review of prospective studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5149 :: ('MESH:D003025', 'Disease') :: ['club-seasonal football']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['groin injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['groin injury']


abstract: @entity1224 resulting from overflexion of the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fusion is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication and is associated with morbidity. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and diagnostic images of 2 pediatrie @entity1 who underwent occipitocervical fusion by the Neuro-Spine Program at Texas @entity1 's Hospital and experienced @entity1353 and/or @entity1282 from new @entity1224 in the postoperative period. @entity1 demographics, operative data, and preoperative and postoperative occiput-C2 angles were recorded. A review of the literature for similar complications after occipitocervical fusion was performed. A total of 13 cases of prolonged @entity1224 after occipitocervical fusion were analyzed. Most of these cases involved adults with @entity309 . To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been no previous reports of prolonged @entity1224 in @entity1 after an occipitocervical fusion. Fixation of the neck in increased flexion (-18   to -5  ) was a common finding among these adult and pediatrie cases. The authors' cases involved @entity1 with @entity4239 and comparatively large tongues, which may predispose the oropharynx to obstruction with even the slightest amount of increased flexion. Close attention to a satisfactory fixation angle (occiput-C2 angle) is necessary to avoid @entity1224 after an occipitocervical fusion. @entity1 with @entity4239 are particularly sensitive to changes in flexion at the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fixation.

title: @entity1353 and XXXX from @entity1224 after occipitocervical fusion in the pediatric age group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway obstruction', 'airway obstruction', 'Upper airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: @entity1224 resulting from overflexion of the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fusion is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication and is associated with morbidity. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and diagnostic images of 2 pediatrie @entity1 who underwent occipitocervical fusion by the Neuro-Spine Program at Texas @entity1 's Hospital and experienced @entity1353 and/or @entity1282 from new @entity1224 in the postoperative period. @entity1 demographics, operative data, and preoperative and postoperative occiput-C2 angles were recorded. A review of the literature for similar complications after occipitocervical fusion was performed. A total of 13 cases of prolonged @entity1224 after occipitocervical fusion were analyzed. Most of these cases involved adults with @entity309 . To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been no previous reports of prolonged @entity1224 in @entity1 after an occipitocervical fusion. Fixation of the neck in increased flexion (-18   to -5  ) was a common finding among these adult and pediatrie cases. The authors' cases involved @entity1 with @entity4239 and comparatively large tongues, which may predispose the oropharynx to obstruction with even the slightest amount of increased flexion. Close attention to a satisfactory fixation angle (occiput-C2 angle) is necessary to avoid @entity1224 after an occipitocervical fusion. @entity1 with @entity4239 are particularly sensitive to changes in flexion at the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fixation.

title: @entity1353 and @entity1282 from XXXX after occipitocervical fusion in the pediatric age group.

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['upper airway obstruction']


abstract: @entity1224 resulting from overflexion of the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fusion is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication and is associated with morbidity. The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records and diagnostic images of 2 pediatrie @entity1 who underwent occipitocervical fusion by the Neuro-Spine Program at Texas @entity1 's Hospital and experienced @entity1353 and/or @entity1282 from new @entity1224 in the postoperative period. @entity1 demographics, operative data, and preoperative and postoperative occiput-C2 angles were recorded. A review of the literature for similar complications after occipitocervical fusion was performed. A total of 13 cases of prolonged @entity1224 after occipitocervical fusion were analyzed. Most of these cases involved adults with @entity309 . To the best of the authors' knowledge, there have been no previous reports of prolonged @entity1224 in @entity1 after an occipitocervical fusion. Fixation of the neck in increased flexion (-18   to -5  ) was a common finding among these adult and pediatrie cases. The authors' cases involved @entity1 with @entity4239 and comparatively large tongues, which may predispose the oropharynx to obstruction with even the slightest amount of increased flexion. Close attention to a satisfactory fixation angle (occiput-C2 angle) is necessary to avoid @entity1224 after an occipitocervical fusion. @entity1 with @entity4239 are particularly sensitive to changes in flexion at the craniocervical junction after occipitocervical fixation.

title: XXXX and @entity1282 from @entity1224 after occipitocervical fusion in the pediatric age group.

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['Dyspnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Poor growth is a common complication in @entity1 with @entity299 . There has been much focus on low birth weight as having increased risk of adverse outcomes following neonatal heart surgery. In this study, we examined whether preoperative nutritional status, measured by admission weight-for-age z score, was associated with postoperative clinical outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Pediatric Cardiac ICU at the Royal Brompton Hospital. @entity1 : Neonates undergoing surgery for @entity299 . Those undergoing ductus arteriosus ligation alone were excluded. @entity1 with coexisting noncardiac morbidity were excluded. Outcome variables included prevalence of @entity260 (including @entity295 , delayed chest closure, @entity8 , and @entity3166 ), duration of ventilation, intensive care stay, postoperative mortality, and mortality at 1 year after surgery. INTERVENTIONS: None. Analysis of @entity1 data only. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Two hundred forty-eight neonates fulfilled the entry criteria. Median (interquartile range) age was 7 days (2-15 d), median (interquartile range) weight was 3.3 kg (2.91-3.6 kg), and median weight-for-age z score was -0.77 (-1.44 to 0.01). Twenty-eight @entity1 (11%) had a weight-for-age z score of less than -2. There was no evidence that @entity1 with lower weight-for-age z score had less severe surgery as measured by the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery 1 score. In multivariable regression analysis, the weight-for-age z at admission had strong correlation with the number of days free of respiratory support (invasive and noninvasive ventilation) at 28 days (p < 0.0001) and with all-cause mortality at 1 year (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Poor nutritional status as measured by weight-for-age z is associated with adverse short- and long-term outcomes in neonates undergoing surgery for @entity299 .

title: Nutritional Status and Clinical Outcome in Postterm Neonates Undergoing Surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Congenital Heart Disease']


abstract: In nine @entity1 with @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ), significant negative correlations were shown between plasma albumin and @entity165 (r=-0.85, p less than 0.005) and between plasma albumin and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-apoprotein B ( @entity755 ) (r=-0.84, p less than 0.005), whereas there was no such correlation in ten matched ntrol @entity1 . LDL- @entity755 (182.8 +/141.2 MG/DL), @entity165 (249.3 +/-190.2 mg/dl) and @entity1674 (40.8 +/- 23.5 mg/dl) were all elevated above controls. Control values: LDL- @entity755 : 75.4 +/-25.0 mg/dl, - @entity165 : ll9.3 +/-27.6 mg/dl and - @entity1674 : 29.2-17.9 mg/dl. The @entity1 with @entity1985 also exhibited a negative correlation between plasma @entity412 levels and plasma lipoprotein lipaseactiveiy (r=-0.79, p less than 0.02), which was not observed in controls. The hepatic triglycerice lipase (H-TGL) showed a mean activity of 22.2 +/- 10.7 mumol/ml FFA, which was not different form the control value of 21.2 +/-3.9 mumol/ml FFA. Not only LDL- @entity165 values were elevated in the @entity1 with @entity1985 , but high density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 as well. HDL- @entity165 in @entity1985 : 68.6 +/- 29.0 mg/dl, controls: 45.7 +/- 8.5 mg/dl. Twelve @entity1 with @entity1985 in remission showed no correlation between plasma albumin and @entity165 and plasma albumin and LDL- @entity755 respectively. The concentrations of LDL- @entity755 (92.2 +/- 24.5 mg/dl),- @entity165 (121.7 +/- 37.1 mg/dl) and - @entity1674 (28.9 +/-18.9 mg/dl) were within the normal range. No significan correlation was found between plasma @entity412 levels and plasma lipoprotein lipase activity (r=0.38, p greater than 0.2), and H-TGL activity, at 24.1 +/-9.3 mumol/ml FFA, was not different from control. In contrast to the complete normalization of LDL- @entity165 level, the HDL- @entity165 level remained slightly above control (HDL- @entity165 : 57.0 +/- 17.6 mg/dl). The hyperlipoproteinaemia in @entity1985 represents a combination of an increasents a combination of an increased hepatic lipoprotein synthesis and a decreased catabolism of @entity412 rich lipoproteins as indicated by an insufficiency of the lipoprotein lipase. The simultaneous elevation of LDL- and HDL- @entity165 suggests at most a moderate degree of atherogeneity of the @entity5522 in @entity1985 .

title: Lipoprotein metabolism in XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity5522 :: ('MESH:D006951', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'proteinuric NS', 'proteinuric nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of @entity11962 is controversial, particularly in regard to manipulation of the position of the fetus by external cephalic version (ECV). ECV may reduce the number of breech presentations and caesarean sections, but there also have been reports of complications with the procedure. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effects of ECV at or near term on measures of pregnancy outcome. Methods of facilitating ECV, and ECV before term are reviewed separately. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Trials Register (28 February 2015) and reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials of ECV at or near term (with or without tocolysis) compared with no attempt at ECV in @entity1 with @entity11962 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors assessed eligibility and trial quality, and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS: We included eight studies, with a total of 1308 @entity1 randomised. The pooled data from these studies show a statistically significant and clinically meaningful reduction in non-cephalic presentation at birth (average risk ratio (RR) 0.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29 to 0.61, eight trials, 1305 @entity1 ); vaginal cephalic birth not achieved (average RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.62, seven trials, 1253 @entity1 , evidence graded very low); and caesarean section (average RR 0.57, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.82, eight trials, 1305 @entity1 , evidence graded very low) when ECV was attempted in comparison to no ECV attempted. There were no significant differences in the incidence of Apgar score ratings below seven at one minute (average RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.37, three trials, 168 @entity1 ) or five minutes (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.36, five trials, 428 @entity1 , evidence graded very low), low umbilical vein pH levels (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.17 to 2.44, one trial, 52 @entity1 , evidence graded very low), neonatal admission (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.34, four trials, 368 @entity1 , evidence graded very low), perinatal death (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.09 to 1.64, eight trials, 1305 @entity1 , evidence graded low), nor time from enrolment to delivery (mean difference -0.25 days, 95% CI -2.81 to 2.31, two trials, 256 @entity1 ).All of the trials included in this review had design limitations, and the level of evidence was graded low or very low. No studies attempted to blind the intervention, and the process of random allocation was suboptimal in several studies. Three of the eight trials had serious design limitations, however excluding these studies in a sensitivity analysis for outcomes with substantial heterogeneity did not alter the results. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Attempting cephalic version at term reduces the chance of non-cephalic presentation at birth, vaginal cephalic birth not achieved and caesarean section. There is not enough evidence from randomised trials to assess complications of ECV at term. Large observational studies suggest that complications are rare.

title: External cephalic version for XXXX at term.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity11962 :: ('MESH:D001946', 'Disease') :: ['breech presentation']

answer: @entity11962 :: (MESH:D001946,Disease) :: ['breech presentation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endovascularly implanted leads risk @entity1317 and @entity884 , and can be difficult to locate in desired positions for LV pacing. We evaluated the acute and long-term stability, electric performance and histopathology of a percutaneously placed intrapericardial lead (IPL). METHODS AND RESULTS: Twelve adult mongrel @entity235 underwent defibrillator implants incorporating IPLs. Successful uncomplicated percutaneous implantation of an IPL was achieved in all. Early fluoroscopic shift noted with 3 of 6 of the initial version IPL-1 was not seen with the modified IPL-2. Mean  95% confidence interval bipolar capture threshold at 0.5-ms pulse width for the IPL increased from 0.69  0.14 V at implant to 1.50  0.34 V (P=0.003) at 12 weeks. The 12-week thresholds were higher for IPL compared with right ventricular endocardial leads (0.75  0.33 V; P=0.001) but not different compared with coronary sinus leads (1.33  0.58 V; P=0.994). IPL impedance increased from 742  46    at implant to 1066  207    at 12 weeks (P=0.007). R-wave amplitude at 12 weeks was 8.37  1.52 mV. There was no important phrenic nerve stimulation from IPL pacing. Histopathology in 8 animals showed adequate adhesion of the electrodes or mesh to the epicardium without damage to underlying vasculature. There was no evidence for late pericardial @entity32 or effusion. CONCLUSIONS: The IPL demonstrated adequate stability of position and acceptable electric parameters without @entity32 in this @entity235 model and offers a potential alternative to endocardial pacing leads.

title: Acute and chronic performance evaluation of a novel epicardial pacing lead placed by percutaneous subxiphoid approach in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'chronic pericardial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Operative repair of @entity439 should improve left ventricular function. Despite its theoretic advantage, the mortality following this operation is high, and many @entity1 have severe @entity551 . The cardiac findings were studied in 18 @entity1 who died after repair of @entity439 . All hearts were examined at autopsy after postmortem coronary arteriography and fixation in a distended state. Five @entity1 in Group I had intractable fatal @entity551 , 7 in Group II initially had severe @entity551 that improved, and 6 in Group III did not have @entity551 . Curvature thickness indexes (CTIs) of the ventricular segments, which correlate with their pressure-producing activity, were determined in the 18 hearts. CTIs for the left ventricular free wall and septum were lower in Group I and Group II @entity1 with @entity551 than those in Group III without. The reduced CTIs in @entity1 with @entity86 appear to arise as a result of ventricular reconstruction that reduces ventricular wall curvature. The authors suggest that left ventricular function after @entity439 resection would be improved by inverting, rather than everting, the edges of the ventriculotomy, thereby increasing wall curvature and the CTI. Noninvasive determinations of the CTI may prove of value in guiding topographic reconstruction of ventricles with @entity439 .

title: The influence of cardiac geometry on the results of XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension', 'postoperative hypotension']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'ventricular aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative shock']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['ventricular aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term reproducibility of macular ganglion cell analysis in clinically stable @entity726 @entity1 using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: One hundred nine eyes of 109 clinically stable @entity1538 @entity1 with a localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect and a corresponding macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) defect were included in this retrospective, longitudinal study. Clinical stability was defined as showing no change on serial structural (stereo-disc and RNFL photography) and functional (visual field progression analysis) assessments. Three serial SD-OCT ( @entity2033 ) peripapillary and macular scans taken at 6-month intervals were analyzed. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), test-retest standard deviation (TRTSD), and tolerance limit of area and angular width of @entity389 and GCIPL thickness measurements were assessed. RESULTS: The ICC of the GCIPL thickness parameters ranged from 0.966 to 0.992, and the CV from 2.0% to 5.5%. The TRTSD was the lowest for the average GCIPL thickness (1.45  m), the highest for the minimum GCIPL thickness (3.42  m), and varied from 1.54 to 2.16  m for the sectoral measurements. The ICC, CV, and TRTSD were 0.993, 3.9%, and 5.32   for angular width, and 0.930, 6.7%, and 0.27 mm2 for area of @entity389 . Measurement variances (TRTSD) for the GCIPL measurements showed no significant association with the glaucomatous severity. CONCLUSIONS: The macular GCIPL thickness and deviation maps showed excellent long-term intervisit reproducibility. Macular ganglion cell analysis can be considered as an effective means of monitoring glaucomatous progression in macula.

title: Long-Term Reproducibility of Macular Ganglion Cell Analysis in Clinically Stable XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['GCIPL defect']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term reproducibility of macular ganglion cell analysis in clinically stable @entity726 @entity1 using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS: One hundred nine eyes of 109 clinically stable @entity1538 @entity1 with a localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect and a corresponding macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) defect were included in this retrospective, longitudinal study. Clinical stability was defined as showing no change on serial structural (stereo-disc and RNFL photography) and functional (visual field progression analysis) assessments. Three serial SD-OCT ( @entity2033 ) peripapillary and macular scans taken at 6-month intervals were analyzed. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), test-retest standard deviation (TRTSD), and tolerance limit of area and angular width of @entity389 and GCIPL thickness measurements were assessed. RESULTS: The ICC of the GCIPL thickness parameters ranged from 0.966 to 0.992, and the CV from 2.0% to 5.5%. The TRTSD was the lowest for the average GCIPL thickness (1.45  m), the highest for the minimum GCIPL thickness (3.42  m), and varied from 1.54 to 2.16  m for the sectoral measurements. The ICC, CV, and TRTSD were 0.993, 3.9%, and 5.32   for angular width, and 0.930, 6.7%, and 0.27 mm2 for area of @entity389 . Measurement variances (TRTSD) for the GCIPL measurements showed no significant association with the glaucomatous severity. CONCLUSIONS: The macular GCIPL thickness and deviation maps showed excellent long-term intervisit reproducibility. Macular ganglion cell analysis can be considered as an effective means of monitoring glaucomatous progression in macula.

title: Long-Term Reproducibility of Macular Ganglion Cell Analysis in Clinically Stable @entity726 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: QUESTION UNDER STUDY: To examine medicolegal stakeholders' views about the impact of professional liability insurance in Switzerland on @entity910 . METHODS: Purposive sample of 23 key medicolegal stakeholders in Switzerland from a range of fields between October 2012 and February 2013. Data were collected via individual, face-to-face interviews using a researcher-developed semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 , particularly those with a legal or quality background, reported that concerns relating to professional liability insurance often inhibited communication with @entity1 after a medical error. Healthcare providers were reported to be particularly concerned about losing their liability insurance cover for apologising to harmed @entity1 . It was reported that the attempt to limit the exchange of information and communication could lead to a conflict with @entity1 rights law. @entity1 reported that hospitals could, and in some case are, moving towards self-insurance approaches, which could increase flexibility regarding error communication CONCLUSION: The reported current practice of at least some liability insurance companies in Switzerland of inhibiting communication with harmed @entity1 after an error is concerning and requires further investigation. With a new ethic of transparency regarding medical errors now prevailing internationally, this approach is increasingly being perceived to be misguided. A move away from hospitals relying solely on liability insurance may allow greater transparency after errors. Legalisation preventing the loss of liability insurance coverage for apologising to harmed @entity1 should also be considered.

title: Professional liability insurance and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['medical error disclosure']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['medical error disclosure']


abstract: Importance: Whereas conventional actuarial @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) estimates rely exclusively on static factors determined around the time of surgery, conditional survival ( @entity34924 ) estimates take into account the years that a @entity1 has already survived. Objective: To define the @entity34924 of @entity1 following liver resection for @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ). Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2013, a total of 535 @entity1 who underwent resection of @entity1419 were identified from an international multi-institutional database. In this retrospective international study conducted from January to June 2014, clinicopathological characteristics, operative details, and long-term survival data were analyzed. Conditional survival estimates were calculated as the probability of survival for an additional 3 years. Intervention: Resection of @entity1419 . Main Outcomes and Measures: Overall survival and @entity34924 . Results: While actuarial @entity1349 decreased over time from 39% at 3 years to 16% at 8 years (P   =   .002), the 3-year @entity34924 ( @entity34924 ) increased over time among those @entity1 who survived. The @entity34924 at 5 years-the probability of surviving to postoperative year 8 after having already survived to postoperative year 5-was 65% compared with 8-year @entity1349 of 16% (P   =   .002). Factors that were associated with worse @entity1349 included larger @entity5 size (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05; P   =   .05), @entity66 (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.19-1.86; P   =   .01), lymph node @entity3 (HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.67-2.93; P   <   .01), and @entity1350 (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10-1.75; P   =   .006). The calculated @entity34924 exceeded the actuarial survival for all high-risk subgroups. For example, @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 had an actuarial @entity1349 of 11% at 6 years vs a @entity34924 of 49% at 3 years (  38%). Similarly, @entity1 with @entity1350 had an actuarial @entity1349 of 15% at 6 years compared with a @entity34924 of 50% at 3 years (  35%). Conclusions and Relevance: Conditional survival estimates may provide critical quantitative information about the changing probability of survival over time among @entity1 undergoing liver resection for @entity1419 . Therefore, such estimates can be of significant value to @entity1 and health care professionals.

title: Conditional Probability of Long-term Survival After Liver Resection for XXXX : A Multi-institutional Analysis of 535 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal disease']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['ICC', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Importance: Whereas conventional actuarial @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) estimates rely exclusively on static factors determined around the time of surgery, conditional survival ( @entity34924 ) estimates take into account the years that a @entity1 has already survived. Objective: To define the @entity34924 of @entity1 following liver resection for @entity1419 ( @entity1419 ). Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2013, a total of 535 @entity1 who underwent resection of @entity1419 were identified from an international multi-institutional database. In this retrospective international study conducted from January to June 2014, clinicopathological characteristics, operative details, and long-term survival data were analyzed. Conditional survival estimates were calculated as the probability of survival for an additional 3 years. Intervention: Resection of @entity1419 . Main Outcomes and Measures: Overall survival and @entity34924 . Results: While actuarial @entity1349 decreased over time from 39% at 3 years to 16% at 8 years (P   =   .002), the 3-year @entity34924 ( @entity34924 ) increased over time among those @entity1 who survived. The @entity34924 at 5 years-the probability of surviving to postoperative year 8 after having already survived to postoperative year 5-was 65% compared with 8-year @entity1349 of 16% (P   =   .002). Factors that were associated with worse @entity1349 included larger @entity5 size (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05; P   =   .05), @entity66 (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.19-1.86; P   =   .01), lymph node @entity3 (HR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.67-2.93; P   <   .01), and @entity1350 (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10-1.75; P   =   .006). The calculated @entity34924 exceeded the actuarial survival for all high-risk subgroups. For example, @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 had an actuarial @entity1349 of 11% at 6 years vs a @entity34924 of 49% at 3 years (  38%). Similarly, @entity1 with @entity1350 had an actuarial @entity1349 of 15% at 6 years compared with a @entity34924 of 50% at 3 years (  35%). Conclusions and Relevance: Conditional survival estimates may provide critical quantitative information about the changing probability of survival over time among @entity1 undergoing liver resection for @entity1419 . Therefore, such estimates can be of significant value to @entity1 and health care professionals.

title: Conditional Probability of Long-term Survival After Liver Resection for @entity1419 : A Multi-institutional Analysis of 535 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcome of Rhomboid excision and Modified Limberg's flap closure with excision and primary closure for the treatment of Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal sinus. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Surgical Department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from 2009 to 2012. A total of 60 @entity1 of @entity2869 were randomly divided into two equal groups. The @entity1 were operated under general anaesthesia in prone position by Rhomboid excision and Modified Limberg's flap closure with a closed suction drain in group 1, and excision and primary closure over a drain in group 2. @entity1 were followed up for 12 months for surgical complications of the treatment. SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In group 1 there were 27(90%) males and 3(10%) females, while group 2 had 28(93.3%) males and 2(6.7%) females. The @entity281 rates were observed to be 2(7%) in group 1 and 8(26.6%) (p<0.038) in group 2. The recurrence rate was only 1(3.3%) in group 1 compared to 4(13.3%) in group 2. Average hospital stay was 1.63  0.67 days group 1 and 2.8  1.24 days in group 2. CONCLUSION: Modified Limberg's flap closure is an effective treatment modality for @entity2869 with 1.5 times less @entity281 rate, 4 times less recurrence rate and 40% in-hospital time.

title: Modified Limberg's flap versus primary closure for treatment of XXXX : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal sinus', 'pilonidal sinus disease']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus disease']


abstract: [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the activation of the affected lower limb on balance and the trunk hemiplegic mobility of @entity64 @entity1 . [Subjects] The gait group (GG) consisted of 6 subjects with @entity1158 and the non-gait group (NGG) consisted of 6 hemiplegic subjects. [Methods] The subjects in both groups were given foot facilitation training once for 30   min. The Spinal @entity19 was used to measure the spinal alignment and the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) and sensory tests were also performed. [Results] In the GG, the sacral hip in upright to flexion, the lumbar spine in upright to extension, and the sacral hip and lumbar spine in flexion to extension showed significant increases in their angles after the intervention. In addition, there was a significant increase in the angle of the lumbar spine during extension from an upright position in the NGG. The @entity2653 scores of both groups also increased significantly. [Conclusion] The intervention resulted in improvements in the angle of anterior pelvic tilt in the GG, and subjects in the NGG showed more extension of the thorax, which was regarded as compensation to avoid falling forward when flexing from an upright position. However, when extending backward from an upright position, both groups tended to control balance by using more lumbar flexion to keep the center of mass (COM) within the base of support (BOS). Both groups had better @entity2653 scores.

title: Immediate effects of the activation of the affected lower limb on the balance and trunk mobility of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Berg balance scale', 'BBS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['hemiplegic stroke']


abstract: [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the activation of the affected lower limb on balance and the trunk hemiplegic mobility of @entity64 @entity1 . [Subjects] The gait group (GG) consisted of 6 subjects with @entity1158 and the non-gait group (NGG) consisted of 6 hemiplegic subjects. [Methods] The subjects in both groups were given foot facilitation training once for 30   min. The Spinal @entity19 was used to measure the spinal alignment and the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) and sensory tests were also performed. [Results] In the GG, the sacral hip in upright to flexion, the lumbar spine in upright to extension, and the sacral hip and lumbar spine in flexion to extension showed significant increases in their angles after the intervention. In addition, there was a significant increase in the angle of the lumbar spine during extension from an upright position in the NGG. The @entity2653 scores of both groups also increased significantly. [Conclusion] The intervention resulted in improvements in the angle of anterior pelvic tilt in the GG, and subjects in the NGG showed more extension of the thorax, which was regarded as compensation to avoid falling forward when flexing from an upright position. However, when extending backward from an upright position, both groups tended to control balance by using more lumbar flexion to keep the center of mass (COM) within the base of support (BOS). Both groups had better @entity2653 scores.

title: Immediate effects of the activation of the affected lower limb on the balance and trunk mobility of @entity64 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4672 , a third generation aromatase inhibitor is gaining importance in ovulation induction. Some prefer to use it as a second line agent in @entity1 who fail to respond to @entity22300 . However, our knowledge about the predictors of response to @entity4672 is limited. AIMS: The study was aimed at identifying the factors associated with @entity4672 resistance among @entity1 with World Health Organization (WHO) group II @entity3206 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study was conducted at the @entity249 clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. A case-control study design was used and included 50 subjects with WHO group II @entity3206 (25 @entity4082 responsive and 25 @entity4082 resistant). After a treatment cycle of @entity4672 , the factors were compared between the subjects who responded and those who failed to respond to treatment. RESULTS: Ovulation was achieved in 76% (n = 19) of subjects who had responded to @entity4082 previously and in 24% (n = 6) with @entity4082 resistance. The factors associated with @entity4672 resistance included the presence of @entity3427 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-12.3) and @entity4082 resistance (OR: 10.03; 95% CI: 2.81-35.7). The early follicular phase mean (standard deviation) luteinizing hormone level was significantly higher among the nonresponders (9.75 [4.78] - 7.28 [2.3]; P = 0.02). Nonresponders showed significantly lower levels of @entity53 on the 5(th) and 9(th) days (28.50 [3.39] pg/mL vs. 7.49 [3.62] pg/mL; P = 0.0007 and 142.04 [76.22] pg/mL vs. 28.10 [12.8] pg/mL; P = 0.0001) of the menstrual cycle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The features associated with resistance to @entity4672 at a dose of 2.5 mg show some overlap with those associated with @entity4082 resistance. However, some features do not show similar association. The effectiveness of @entity4672 at a dose of 2.5 mg in induction of ovulation among @entity1 with @entity4082 resistance is low and it does not seem to be a suitable treatment at a dose of 2.5 mg for this indication.

title: Factors associated with nonresponse to ovulation induction using XXXX among @entity1 with World Health Organization group II @entity3206 .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole', 'Letrozole']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomifene']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity22300 :: ('CHEBI:3753', 'Chemical') :: ['clomifene citrate']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity4672 :: (MESH:C067431,Chemical) :: ['letrozole']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4672 , a third generation aromatase inhibitor is gaining importance in ovulation induction. Some prefer to use it as a second line agent in @entity1 who fail to respond to @entity22300 . However, our knowledge about the predictors of response to @entity4672 is limited. AIMS: The study was aimed at identifying the factors associated with @entity4672 resistance among @entity1 with World Health Organization (WHO) group II @entity3206 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study was conducted at the @entity249 clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. A case-control study design was used and included 50 subjects with WHO group II @entity3206 (25 @entity4082 responsive and 25 @entity4082 resistant). After a treatment cycle of @entity4672 , the factors were compared between the subjects who responded and those who failed to respond to treatment. RESULTS: Ovulation was achieved in 76% (n = 19) of subjects who had responded to @entity4082 previously and in 24% (n = 6) with @entity4082 resistance. The factors associated with @entity4672 resistance included the presence of @entity3427 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-12.3) and @entity4082 resistance (OR: 10.03; 95% CI: 2.81-35.7). The early follicular phase mean (standard deviation) luteinizing hormone level was significantly higher among the nonresponders (9.75 [4.78] - 7.28 [2.3]; P = 0.02). Nonresponders showed significantly lower levels of @entity53 on the 5(th) and 9(th) days (28.50 [3.39] pg/mL vs. 7.49 [3.62] pg/mL; P = 0.0007 and 142.04 [76.22] pg/mL vs. 28.10 [12.8] pg/mL; P = 0.0001) of the menstrual cycle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The features associated with resistance to @entity4672 at a dose of 2.5 mg show some overlap with those associated with @entity4082 resistance. However, some features do not show similar association. The effectiveness of @entity4672 at a dose of 2.5 mg in induction of ovulation among @entity1 with @entity4082 resistance is low and it does not seem to be a suitable treatment at a dose of 2.5 mg for this indication.

title: Factors associated with nonresponse to ovulation induction using @entity4672 among @entity1 with World Health Organization group II XXXX .

answer: @entity3206 :: (MESH:D000858,Disease) :: ['anovulation']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4672 , a third generation aromatase inhibitor is gaining importance in ovulation induction. Some prefer to use it as a second line agent in @entity1 who fail to respond to @entity22300 . However, our knowledge about the predictors of response to @entity4672 is limited. AIMS: The study was aimed at identifying the factors associated with @entity4672 resistance among @entity1 with World Health Organization (WHO) group II @entity3206 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study was conducted at the @entity249 clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. A case-control study design was used and included 50 subjects with WHO group II @entity3206 (25 @entity4082 responsive and 25 @entity4082 resistant). After a treatment cycle of @entity4672 , the factors were compared between the subjects who responded and those who failed to respond to treatment. RESULTS: Ovulation was achieved in 76% (n = 19) of subjects who had responded to @entity4082 previously and in 24% (n = 6) with @entity4082 resistance. The factors associated with @entity4672 resistance included the presence of @entity3427 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-12.3) and @entity4082 resistance (OR: 10.03; 95% CI: 2.81-35.7). The early follicular phase mean (standard deviation) luteinizing hormone level was significantly higher among the nonresponders (9.75 [4.78] - 7.28 [2.3]; P = 0.02). Nonresponders showed significantly lower levels of @entity53 on the 5(th) and 9(th) days (28.50 [3.39] pg/mL vs. 7.49 [3.62] pg/mL; P = 0.0007 and 142.04 [76.22] pg/mL vs. 28.10 [12.8] pg/mL; P = 0.0001) of the menstrual cycle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The features associated with resistance to @entity4672 at a dose of 2.5 mg show some overlap with those associated with @entity4082 resistance. However, some features do not show similar association. The effectiveness of @entity4672 at a dose of 2.5 mg in induction of ovulation among @entity1 with @entity4082 resistance is low and it does not seem to be a suitable treatment at a dose of 2.5 mg for this indication.

title: Factors associated with nonresponse to ovulation induction using @entity4672 among XXXX with World Health Organization group II @entity3206 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of @entity136 ( @entity14113 ) on microRNA-218 (miR-218) expression in @entity1 @entity788 cells. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the differences in miR-218 expression between the @entity14113 -sensitive BxPC-3 @entity788 cells and @entity14113 -resistant PANC-1 cells. The effect of @entity14113 on the expression of miR-218 in PANC-1 cells was also investigated. PANC-1 cells were transfected either with @entity518 siRNA to knock down the expression of @entity518 or with the recombinant @entity518 expression vector (pcDNA3.1- @entity518 ) to overexpress @entity518 . The effect of ectopic expression of @entity518 on the apoptosis of miR-218-transfected and @entity14113 -treated PANC-1 cells was examined by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: The miR-218 expression level was lower in @entity14113 -resistant PANC-1 cells compared to @entity14113 -sensitive BxPC-3 cells (P<0.05). The percentage of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly increased in the miR-218 mimic + @entity14113 group compared to the mimic ctrl + @entity14113 group and the normal control group (P<0.01). The @entity518 expression level was markedly decreased in PANC-1 cells transfected with @entity518 siRNA but was significantly increased in PANC-1 cells transfected with the recombinant @entity518 expression vector, pcDNA3.1- @entity518 (P<0.01). The proportion of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly lower in the miR-218 mimic + @entity14113 + pcDNA3.1- @entity518 group compared to the miR-218 mimic + @entity14113 + @entity518 siRNA group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of miR-218 was downregulated in the @entity14113 -resistant cell line. miR-218 promoted the sensitivity of PANC-1 cells to @entity14113 , which was achieved mainly through regulating the expression of @entity518 in PANC-1 cells.

title: microRNA-218 promotes @entity136 sensitivity in @entity1 XXXX cells by regulating @entity518 expression.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of @entity136 ( @entity14113 ) on microRNA-218 (miR-218) expression in @entity1 @entity788 cells. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the differences in miR-218 expression between the @entity14113 -sensitive BxPC-3 @entity788 cells and @entity14113 -resistant PANC-1 cells. The effect of @entity14113 on the expression of miR-218 in PANC-1 cells was also investigated. PANC-1 cells were transfected either with @entity518 siRNA to knock down the expression of @entity518 or with the recombinant @entity518 expression vector (pcDNA3.1- @entity518 ) to overexpress @entity518 . The effect of ectopic expression of @entity518 on the apoptosis of miR-218-transfected and @entity14113 -treated PANC-1 cells was examined by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: The miR-218 expression level was lower in @entity14113 -resistant PANC-1 cells compared to @entity14113 -sensitive BxPC-3 cells (P<0.05). The percentage of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly increased in the miR-218 mimic + @entity14113 group compared to the mimic ctrl + @entity14113 group and the normal control group (P<0.01). The @entity518 expression level was markedly decreased in PANC-1 cells transfected with @entity518 siRNA but was significantly increased in PANC-1 cells transfected with the recombinant @entity518 expression vector, pcDNA3.1- @entity518 (P<0.01). The proportion of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly lower in the miR-218 mimic + @entity14113 + pcDNA3.1- @entity518 group compared to the miR-218 mimic + @entity14113 + @entity518 siRNA group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of miR-218 was downregulated in the @entity14113 -resistant cell line. miR-218 promoted the sensitivity of PANC-1 cells to @entity14113 , which was achieved mainly through regulating the expression of @entity518 in PANC-1 cells.

title: microRNA-218 promotes @entity136 sensitivity in @entity1 @entity788 cells by regulating XXXX expression.

answer: @entity518 :: (3146,Gene) :: ['HMGB1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of @entity136 ( @entity14113 ) on microRNA-218 (miR-218) expression in @entity1 @entity788 cells. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the differences in miR-218 expression between the @entity14113 -sensitive BxPC-3 @entity788 cells and @entity14113 -resistant PANC-1 cells. The effect of @entity14113 on the expression of miR-218 in PANC-1 cells was also investigated. PANC-1 cells were transfected either with @entity518 siRNA to knock down the expression of @entity518 or with the recombinant @entity518 expression vector (pcDNA3.1- @entity518 ) to overexpress @entity518 . The effect of ectopic expression of @entity518 on the apoptosis of miR-218-transfected and @entity14113 -treated PANC-1 cells was examined by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: The miR-218 expression level was lower in @entity14113 -resistant PANC-1 cells compared to @entity14113 -sensitive BxPC-3 cells (P<0.05). The percentage of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly increased in the miR-218 mimic + @entity14113 group compared to the mimic ctrl + @entity14113 group and the normal control group (P<0.01). The @entity518 expression level was markedly decreased in PANC-1 cells transfected with @entity518 siRNA but was significantly increased in PANC-1 cells transfected with the recombinant @entity518 expression vector, pcDNA3.1- @entity518 (P<0.01). The proportion of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly lower in the miR-218 mimic + @entity14113 + pcDNA3.1- @entity518 group compared to the miR-218 mimic + @entity14113 + @entity518 siRNA group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of miR-218 was downregulated in the @entity14113 -resistant cell line. miR-218 promoted the sensitivity of PANC-1 cells to @entity14113 , which was achieved mainly through regulating the expression of @entity518 in PANC-1 cells.

title: microRNA-218 promotes XXXX sensitivity in @entity1 @entity788 cells by regulating @entity518 expression.

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of @entity136 ( @entity14113 ) on microRNA-218 (miR-218) expression in @entity1 @entity788 cells. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to examine the differences in miR-218 expression between the @entity14113 -sensitive BxPC-3 @entity788 cells and @entity14113 -resistant PANC-1 cells. The effect of @entity14113 on the expression of miR-218 in PANC-1 cells was also investigated. PANC-1 cells were transfected either with @entity518 siRNA to knock down the expression of @entity518 or with the recombinant @entity518 expression vector (pcDNA3.1- @entity518 ) to overexpress @entity518 . The effect of ectopic expression of @entity518 on the apoptosis of miR-218-transfected and @entity14113 -treated PANC-1 cells was examined by flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS: The miR-218 expression level was lower in @entity14113 -resistant PANC-1 cells compared to @entity14113 -sensitive BxPC-3 cells (P<0.05). The percentage of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly increased in the miR-218 mimic + @entity14113 group compared to the mimic ctrl + @entity14113 group and the normal control group (P<0.01). The @entity518 expression level was markedly decreased in PANC-1 cells transfected with @entity518 siRNA but was significantly increased in PANC-1 cells transfected with the recombinant @entity518 expression vector, pcDNA3.1- @entity518 (P<0.01). The proportion of apoptotic PANC-1 cells was significantly lower in the miR-218 mimic + @entity14113 + pcDNA3.1- @entity518 group compared to the miR-218 mimic + @entity14113 + @entity518 siRNA group (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression level of miR-218 was downregulated in the @entity14113 -resistant cell line. miR-218 promoted the sensitivity of PANC-1 cells to @entity14113 , which was achieved mainly through regulating the expression of @entity518 in PANC-1 cells.

title: microRNA-218 promotes @entity136 sensitivity in XXXX @entity788 cells by regulating @entity518 expression.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']