abstract: INTRODUCTION: Longitudinally extensive @entity4685 (LETM) has classically been grouped with the full or limited @entity1652 spectrum disorders (NMOSD). However, differential diagnosis reveals a wide range of aetiologies. OBJECTIVE: To report on differential diagnosis and prognosis for LETM observed in a group of @entity1 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. @entity1 AND METHODS: Cross-sectional and retrospective multicentre study in two hospitals in Buenos Aires from June 2008 to June 2014. INCLUSION CRITERIA: medullary syndrome associated with spinal cord lesion extending for 3 or more contiguous spinal segments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical, radiological, and biochemical data were collected and subjects were rated on the Hughes functional disability scale (WHFDS) at 3 months. RESULTS: We evaluated 27 @entity1 , 74% of whom were @entity1 ; mean age was 35.22 years. The NMO-IgG antibody test was performed in 66.6% and oligoclonal band testing in 71%. NMO-IgG seropositivity was found exclusively in NMOSD @entity1 (75%). Brain MRI was normal in 59.2% and revealed a mean of 7.9 affected spinal segments. Differential diagnoses revealed NMOSD (37%), idiopathic LETM (22.2%), lupus (11.1%), @entity5 (11.1%), dural fistula (7.4%), acute disseminated @entity1651 (7.4%), and a single case of @entity15 (3.7%). @entity1 with lesions to >=  7 spinal segments showed poor recovery at 3 months (P<.001); these cases were associated with neoplastic, vascular, idiopathic, and lupus-related aetiologies. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent causes of LETM in our cohort were NMOSD followed by idiopathic cases. Neoplastic, vascular, lupus-related, and idiopathic LETM may constitute a critical group with a distinct prognosis and other treatment needs.

title: Differential diagnosis and prognosis for longitudinally extensive XXXX in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity4685 :: (MESH:D009187,Disease) :: ['myelitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity328 (the pneumococcus) is a common colonizer of the @entity1 nasopharynx. Despite a low rate of invasive disease, the high prevalence of colonization results in millions of infections and over one million deaths per year, mostly in individuals under the age of 5 and the elderly. Colonizing pneumococci form well-organized biofilm communities in the nasopharyngeal environment, but the specific role of biofilms and their interaction with the host during colonization and disease is not yet clear. Pneumococci in biofilms are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and this phenotype can be recapitulated when pneumococci are grown on respiratory epithelial cells under conditions found in the nasopharyngeal environment. Pneumococcal biofilms display lower levels of virulence in vivo and provide an optimal environment for increased genetic exchange both in vitro and in vivo, with increased natural transformation seen during co-colonization with multiple strains. Biofilms have also been detected on mucosal surfaces during @entity55 and @entity2172 , although the role of these biofilms in the disease process is debated. Recent studies have shown that changes in the nasopharyngeal environment caused by concomitant virus infection, changes in the microflora, @entity32 , or other host assaults trigger active release of pneumococci from biofilms. These dispersed bacteria have distinct phenotypic properties and transcriptional profiles different from both biofilm and broth-grown, planktonic bacteria, resulting in a significantly increased virulence in vivo. In this review we discuss the properties of pneumococcal biofilms, the role of biofilm formation during pneumococcal colonization, including their propensity for increased ability to exchange genetic material, as well as mechanisms involved in transition from asymptomatic biofilm colonization to dissemination and disease of otherwise sterile sites. Greater understanding of pneumococcal biofilm formation and dispersion will elucidate novel avenues to interfere with the spread of antibiotic resistance and vaccine escape, as well as novel strategies to target the mechanisms involved in induction of @entity66 .

title: XXXX biofilm formation and dispersion during colonization and disease.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear infection']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: AIM: Primary: to evaluate predictivity of @entity409 ( @entity409 ), @entity4559 ( @entity4559 ), and their ratio assessed by real-time 2D shear wave elastography (RT-2D-SWE) for adverse outcomes ( @entity96 or @entity204 ; "event") in compensated @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ) @entity1 . Secondary: to evaluate ability of these measures to discriminate between cirrhotic @entity1 with/without @entity2312 ( @entity2312 ). METHODS: Predictivity of @entity409 , @entity4559 , and @entity409 / @entity4559 was assessed in a retrospectively analyzed cohort of compensated @entity1575 @entity1 (follow-up cohort) and through comparison with incident @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 (DC) (cross-sectional cohort). Both cohorts were used to evaluate diagnostic properties regarding @entity2312 . RESULTS: In the follow-up cohort (n=44) 18 @entity1 (40.9%) experienced an "event" over a median period of 28 months. @entity409 >= 21.5 kPa at baseline was independently associated with 3.4-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-10.4, P=0.026) higher risk of event. Association between @entity4559 and outcomes was weaker (P=0.056), while there was no association between @entity409 / @entity4559 ratio and outcomes. @entity1 with DC (n=43) had higher @entity409 (35.3 vs 18.3 kPa, adjusted difference 65%, 95% CI 43%-90%; P<0.001) than compensated @entity1 at baseline. Adjusted odds of @entity2312 increased by 13% (95% CI 7.0%-20.0%; Plt;0.001) with 1 kPa increase in @entity409 . At cut-offs of 19.7 and 30.3 kPa, @entity409 and @entity4559 had 90% and 86.6% negative predictive value, respectively, to exclude @entity2312 in compensated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This is the first evaluation of RT-2D-SWE as a prognostic tool in @entity1575 . Although preliminary and gathered in a limited sample, our data emphasize the potential of @entity409 to be a reliable predictor of clinical outcomes and the presence of @entity2312 in @entity1575 @entity1 .

title: Real-time two-dimensional shear wave ultrasound elastography of the liver is a reliable predictor of clinical outcomes and the presence of XXXX in @entity1 with compensated @entity1575 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4559 :: ('MESH:D013160', 'Disease') :: ['spleen stiffness', 'SS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver stiffness', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['LC', 'liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal varices', 'EV']

answer: @entity2312 :: (MESH:D004932,Disease) :: ['esophageal varices']


abstract: AIM: Primary: to evaluate predictivity of @entity409 ( @entity409 ), @entity4559 ( @entity4559 ), and their ratio assessed by real-time 2D shear wave elastography (RT-2D-SWE) for adverse outcomes ( @entity96 or @entity204 ; "event") in compensated @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ) @entity1 . Secondary: to evaluate ability of these measures to discriminate between cirrhotic @entity1 with/without @entity2312 ( @entity2312 ). METHODS: Predictivity of @entity409 , @entity4559 , and @entity409 / @entity4559 was assessed in a retrospectively analyzed cohort of compensated @entity1575 @entity1 (follow-up cohort) and through comparison with incident @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 (DC) (cross-sectional cohort). Both cohorts were used to evaluate diagnostic properties regarding @entity2312 . RESULTS: In the follow-up cohort (n=44) 18 @entity1 (40.9%) experienced an "event" over a median period of 28 months. @entity409 >= 21.5 kPa at baseline was independently associated with 3.4-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-10.4, P=0.026) higher risk of event. Association between @entity4559 and outcomes was weaker (P=0.056), while there was no association between @entity409 / @entity4559 ratio and outcomes. @entity1 with DC (n=43) had higher @entity409 (35.3 vs 18.3 kPa, adjusted difference 65%, 95% CI 43%-90%; P<0.001) than compensated @entity1 at baseline. Adjusted odds of @entity2312 increased by 13% (95% CI 7.0%-20.0%; Plt;0.001) with 1 kPa increase in @entity409 . At cut-offs of 19.7 and 30.3 kPa, @entity409 and @entity4559 had 90% and 86.6% negative predictive value, respectively, to exclude @entity2312 in compensated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This is the first evaluation of RT-2D-SWE as a prognostic tool in @entity1575 . Although preliminary and gathered in a limited sample, our data emphasize the potential of @entity409 to be a reliable predictor of clinical outcomes and the presence of @entity2312 in @entity1575 @entity1 .

title: Real-time two-dimensional shear wave ultrasound elastography of the liver is a reliable predictor of clinical outcomes and the presence of @entity2312 in @entity1 with compensated XXXX .

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: AIM: Primary: to evaluate predictivity of @entity409 ( @entity409 ), @entity4559 ( @entity4559 ), and their ratio assessed by real-time 2D shear wave elastography (RT-2D-SWE) for adverse outcomes ( @entity96 or @entity204 ; "event") in compensated @entity1575 ( @entity1575 ) @entity1 . Secondary: to evaluate ability of these measures to discriminate between cirrhotic @entity1 with/without @entity2312 ( @entity2312 ). METHODS: Predictivity of @entity409 , @entity4559 , and @entity409 / @entity4559 was assessed in a retrospectively analyzed cohort of compensated @entity1575 @entity1 (follow-up cohort) and through comparison with incident @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 (DC) (cross-sectional cohort). Both cohorts were used to evaluate diagnostic properties regarding @entity2312 . RESULTS: In the follow-up cohort (n=44) 18 @entity1 (40.9%) experienced an "event" over a median period of 28 months. @entity409 >= 21.5 kPa at baseline was independently associated with 3.4-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-10.4, P=0.026) higher risk of event. Association between @entity4559 and outcomes was weaker (P=0.056), while there was no association between @entity409 / @entity4559 ratio and outcomes. @entity1 with DC (n=43) had higher @entity409 (35.3 vs 18.3 kPa, adjusted difference 65%, 95% CI 43%-90%; P<0.001) than compensated @entity1 at baseline. Adjusted odds of @entity2312 increased by 13% (95% CI 7.0%-20.0%; Plt;0.001) with 1 kPa increase in @entity409 . At cut-offs of 19.7 and 30.3 kPa, @entity409 and @entity4559 had 90% and 86.6% negative predictive value, respectively, to exclude @entity2312 in compensated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This is the first evaluation of RT-2D-SWE as a prognostic tool in @entity1575 . Although preliminary and gathered in a limited sample, our data emphasize the potential of @entity409 to be a reliable predictor of clinical outcomes and the presence of @entity2312 in @entity1575 @entity1 .

title: Real-time two-dimensional shear wave ultrasound elastography of the liver is a reliable predictor of clinical outcomes and the presence of @entity2312 in XXXX with compensated @entity1575 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction   The aim of this study was to evaluate the esthetic and sensory outcomes after reconstruction of finger @entity154 with free toe flaps from the lateral aspect of the great toe. Methods   From June 2006 to October 2011, we performed 48 free toe pulp transfers for finger pulp reconstruction in 43 @entity1 ; 18 male and 25 female @entity1 with a mean age of 31.8 years (range, 16-47 years). Six @entity1 suffered multiple @entity154 and five received two synchronous pulp transfers. The defects involved 20 thumbs, 15 index fingers, 10 long fingers, and 4 ring fingers, and @entity1912 size ranged from 24   *   18 to 55   *   30 mm. Follow-up evaluation included the functional and esthetic outcomes of the reconstructed pulps and donor toes. Results   All but one @entity1912 survived completely. Overall, 32 cases (35 pulp flaps) were followed for more than 1   year (range, 12-48 months; average, 22.8 months). The Semmes-Weinstein sensitivity score was 2.83 to 4.74 at the flaps and the mean static two-point discrimination was 6.17   mm (range, 3-10 mm). A total of 13 @entity1 (40.6%) experienced mild (10 cases) to moderate (3 cases) cold intolerance, and 1 @entity1 (3.1%) suffered severe cold intolerance. According to the Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire the mean esthetic appearance score was 16 (range, 12-19). Conclusion   The free neurovascular great toe pulp @entity1912 is an efficient and reliable @entity1912 for the reconstruction of finger @entity154 .

title: Free Lateral Great Toe XXXX for the Reconstruction of Finger Pulp Defects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['digital pulp defects', 'pulp defects']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Esophageal metaplasia progression is a consequence of chronic @entity354 (CGR). @entity1 with this condition are frequently infected by @entity1534 and show several symptoms including @entity3621 as well as @entity1066 formation. In addition, they present an increased risk for the development of @entity356 . Several pathogenic markers for @entity1534 such as ureC, vacA and @entity2757 genes have been described. Evidence indicates that direct injury to the epithelial mucosa is caused by cytotoxins and enzymes codified by these genes. We undertook this study to establish a relationship between the presence of pathogenic @entity1534 strains and the presence of metaplasia progression in @entity1 with CGR. METHODS: We detected the presence of @entity1534 @entity2757 and vacA positive strains in @entity1 with CGR. Using polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed 120 samples obtained from 60 @entity1 with CGR and 60 control group @entity1 , including samples from both anatomic areas: cardia and gastric antrum. RESULTS: We detected 56% of @entity1534 positive @entity1 ; 57.5% of these @entity1 were positive for either @entity2757 (+) and/or vacA(+) @entity1534 strains. Cardiac intestinal metaplasia was observed in 35% of the @entity1 . A marked tendency was observed to develop @entity299 in those @entity1 diagnosed with high-pathogenicity strains infected in both anatomic areas. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that infection with @entity1534 can be considered a risk factor for developing @entity356 .

title: [Prevalence of intestinal metaplasia of the @entity356 and its relation with XXXX strains @entity2757 and vacA].

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma', 'gastric cardiac intestinal metaplasia']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Esophageal metaplasia progression is a consequence of chronic @entity354 (CGR). @entity1 with this condition are frequently infected by @entity1534 and show several symptoms including @entity3621 as well as @entity1066 formation. In addition, they present an increased risk for the development of @entity356 . Several pathogenic markers for @entity1534 such as ureC, vacA and @entity2757 genes have been described. Evidence indicates that direct injury to the epithelial mucosa is caused by cytotoxins and enzymes codified by these genes. We undertook this study to establish a relationship between the presence of pathogenic @entity1534 strains and the presence of metaplasia progression in @entity1 with CGR. METHODS: We detected the presence of @entity1534 @entity2757 and vacA positive strains in @entity1 with CGR. Using polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed 120 samples obtained from 60 @entity1 with CGR and 60 control group @entity1 , including samples from both anatomic areas: cardia and gastric antrum. RESULTS: We detected 56% of @entity1534 positive @entity1 ; 57.5% of these @entity1 were positive for either @entity2757 (+) and/or vacA(+) @entity1534 strains. Cardiac intestinal metaplasia was observed in 35% of the @entity1 . A marked tendency was observed to develop @entity299 in those @entity1 diagnosed with high-pathogenicity strains infected in both anatomic areas. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that infection with @entity1534 can be considered a risk factor for developing @entity356 .

title: [Prevalence of intestinal metaplasia of the @entity356 and its relation with @entity1534 strains XXXX and vacA].

answer: @entity2757 :: (6279,Gene) :: ['cagA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Esophageal metaplasia progression is a consequence of chronic @entity354 (CGR). @entity1 with this condition are frequently infected by @entity1534 and show several symptoms including @entity3621 as well as @entity1066 formation. In addition, they present an increased risk for the development of @entity356 . Several pathogenic markers for @entity1534 such as ureC, vacA and @entity2757 genes have been described. Evidence indicates that direct injury to the epithelial mucosa is caused by cytotoxins and enzymes codified by these genes. We undertook this study to establish a relationship between the presence of pathogenic @entity1534 strains and the presence of metaplasia progression in @entity1 with CGR. METHODS: We detected the presence of @entity1534 @entity2757 and vacA positive strains in @entity1 with CGR. Using polymerase chain reaction, we analyzed 120 samples obtained from 60 @entity1 with CGR and 60 control group @entity1 , including samples from both anatomic areas: cardia and gastric antrum. RESULTS: We detected 56% of @entity1534 positive @entity1 ; 57.5% of these @entity1 were positive for either @entity2757 (+) and/or vacA(+) @entity1534 strains. Cardiac intestinal metaplasia was observed in 35% of the @entity1 . A marked tendency was observed to develop @entity299 in those @entity1 diagnosed with high-pathogenicity strains infected in both anatomic areas. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that infection with @entity1534 can be considered a risk factor for developing @entity356 .

title: [Prevalence of intestinal metaplasia of the XXXX and its relation with @entity1534 strains @entity2757 and vacA].

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cardia']


abstract: @entity13712 , D2-40, has been described in a variety of normal and neoplastic tissues. It is often used for highlighting lymphatics. We evaluated the expression of @entity13712 in a-smooth muscle actinpositive myofibroblasts producing the suburothelial layer in tunica propria of the urinary bladder that have some similar features with telocytes. Our results showed that these cells demonstrate distinct D2-40 immunoreactivity from telocytes occurring in the renal pelvis and ureter. We observed positive reaction not only in bioptic specimens from @entity1 with @entity2335 , but also in a control group of @entity1 and @entity1 treated for pathological @entity1494 different from @entity2335 . It is interesting that identical staining reaction was observed in the ureters only exceptionally. In addition, we examined samples from myofibroblastic tumoriform lesions of soft tissue such as nodular @entity9156 and @entity81 (desmoid) and we obtained negative results. It means that the so-called myofibroblasts of urinary bladder tunica propria have a unique immunophenotype that has probably not been described until now. Our findings suggest that D2-40 can be used as a complementary immunostainer to a-smooth muscle actin on urinary bladder biopsies from @entity1 with @entity2335 . The role of D2-40 as an immunohistochemical marker is still being investigated.

title: XXXX (D2-40) is a Reliable Marker of Urinary Bladder Myofibroblasts (Telocytes).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder lesion']

entities_list: @entity13712 :: ('10630', 'Gene') :: ['Podoplanin', 'podoplanin']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity13712 :: (10630,Gene) :: ['Podoplanin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Locally advanced @entity5 (LARC) @entity1 achieving ypT3 status following neoadjuvant chemoradiation are considered to have poor response with minimal downstaging. However, @entity5 cell amounts vary in the subserosa/perirectal fat. Tumor regression grading (TRG) is an evaluation method based on the proportion of @entity82 and @entity5 cells. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of TRG in ypT3 @entity5 @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 325 LARC @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery. TRG scores were recorded by two independent pathologists. Among these @entity1 , 143 were staged as ypT3. We analyzed TRG and other clinicopathological factors and their relationship with survival outcome including @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ). RESULTS: Among 143 ypT3 @entity1 , 44 (30.8  %) were @entity17198 , 84 (58.7  %) were @entity17199 and 15 (10.5  %) were @entity22576 . Seventy-nine (55.3  %) of these @entity1 had metastatic lymph nodes. In univariate analysis, TRG was not associated with @entity66 ( @entity17199 vs @entity17198 , P  =  0.852; @entity22576 vs @entity17198 , P  =  0.593) or @entity1349 ( @entity17199 vs @entity17198 , P  =  0.977; @entity22576 vs @entity17198 , P  =  0.665). Palliative surgery (HR 3.845; 95  % CI 1.670-8.857; P  =  0.002) and metastatic lymph nodes after surgery (HR 5.894; 95  % CI 1.142-3.48; P  =  0.015) were significantly associated with decreased @entity66 , while palliative surgery was the only factor associated with worse @entity1349 (HR 6.011; 95  % CI 2.150-16.810; P  =  0.001). Palliative surgery (HR 3.923; 95  % CI 1.696-9.073; P  =  0.001) and metastatic lymph nodes (HR 2.011; 95  % CI 1.152-3.512; P  =  0.014) also showed prognostic significance for @entity66 in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 cells evaluated by TRG score after neoadjuvant chemoradiation do not influence survival outcome in ypT3 @entity5 @entity1 . However, lymph node status is a significant prognostic factor in ypT3 @entity1 .

title: Can XXXX regression grade influence survival outcome in ypT3 @entity5 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease-free survival', 'DFS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer', 'Residual cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: Locally advanced @entity5 (LARC) @entity1 achieving ypT3 status following neoadjuvant chemoradiation are considered to have poor response with minimal downstaging. However, @entity5 cell amounts vary in the subserosa/perirectal fat. Tumor regression grading (TRG) is an evaluation method based on the proportion of @entity82 and @entity5 cells. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of TRG in ypT3 @entity5 @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 325 LARC @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery. TRG scores were recorded by two independent pathologists. Among these @entity1 , 143 were staged as ypT3. We analyzed TRG and other clinicopathological factors and their relationship with survival outcome including @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ). RESULTS: Among 143 ypT3 @entity1 , 44 (30.8  %) were @entity17198 , 84 (58.7  %) were @entity17199 and 15 (10.5  %) were @entity22576 . Seventy-nine (55.3  %) of these @entity1 had metastatic lymph nodes. In univariate analysis, TRG was not associated with @entity66 ( @entity17199 vs @entity17198 , P  =  0.852; @entity22576 vs @entity17198 , P  =  0.593) or @entity1349 ( @entity17199 vs @entity17198 , P  =  0.977; @entity22576 vs @entity17198 , P  =  0.665). Palliative surgery (HR 3.845; 95  % CI 1.670-8.857; P  =  0.002) and metastatic lymph nodes after surgery (HR 5.894; 95  % CI 1.142-3.48; P  =  0.015) were significantly associated with decreased @entity66 , while palliative surgery was the only factor associated with worse @entity1349 (HR 6.011; 95  % CI 2.150-16.810; P  =  0.001). Palliative surgery (HR 3.923; 95  % CI 1.696-9.073; P  =  0.001) and metastatic lymph nodes (HR 2.011; 95  % CI 1.152-3.512; P  =  0.014) also showed prognostic significance for @entity66 in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 cells evaluated by TRG score after neoadjuvant chemoradiation do not influence survival outcome in ypT3 @entity5 @entity1 . However, lymph node status is a significant prognostic factor in ypT3 @entity1 .

title: Can @entity5 regression grade influence survival outcome in ypT3 XXXX ?

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Bone marrow biopsies of 491 untreated and 170 treated @entity1 with @entity978 ( @entity978 ) were investigated. Marrow involvement was found in 10% and 25% respectively. Positive biopsies were rare in clinical stages I and II (1% and 2%), but the incidence rose to 25% and 45% in stages III and IV. @entity978 @entity1 with @entity4383 in lymph node histology had a low incidence of bone marrow involvement (4%), while those with lymphocytic depletion had a high incidence (22%). Of nine clinical and six histological parameters tested, bone marrow involvement proved to be the most significant predictive factor indicating an unfavourable course. Moreover, classification of the bone marrow manifestations according to the degree of @entity2617 , proved to be simple, reproducible and prognostically significant. Normal haematopoietic tissue was found in only 20% of the negative biopsies of untreated @entity1 . The remaining 80% were characterized by a variety of non-specific reactions. These included @entity236 and leukaemoid and exudative reactions each of which indicated a poor prognosis; and epithelioid-cell granulomas and lymphoid nodules which predicted favourable survival curves. Adequate bone marrow biopsy is a valuable part of the investigation of @entity1 with @entity978 , as both positive and negative biopsies provide information of prognostic significance.

title: Assessment of bone marrow histology in XXXX : correlation with clinical factors.

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: The search for non-narcotic drugs that will enhance the analgesic effects of opiates without enhancing their side effects has included the investigation of psychoactive drugs already approved for other uses. Some research has supported an analgesic effect of @entity1090 (RIS), an atypical neuroleptic. However, the analysis of the analgesic efficacy of RIS alone or as an adjuvant to @entity1286 (MOR) has not considered the production of adverse motor effects that would limit its usefulness as a treatment for @entity158 . We tested whether low doses of RIS would enhance the analgesic action of opiates without inducing untoward motor effects. The @entity1337 induced by a range of RIS doses (0.1-1.0 mg/kg, SC) was assessed alone and in combination with MOR (5 mg/kg, IP) in male Long-Evans (hooded) @entity35 using two different algesiometric assays: hotplate and tail-flick test. The presence or absence of ptosis, vacuous chewing, and abnormal stationary postures was recorded to evaluate @entity910 effects. No dose of RIS alone altered @entity158 threshold. However, the highest dose of RIS, 1.0 mg/kg SC, significantly increased the analgesic effects of MOR. Dyskinetic effects of RIS were dose-dependent and enhanced in RIS+MOR treatment. These results do not support the hypothesis that RIS, alone or in combination with MOR, elevates @entity158 threshold without also inducing motor side effects. These findings suggest caution in the use of RIS as either a primary treatment or opiate adjuvant treatment for @entity158 .

title: Low doses of @entity1090 and @entity1286 interact to produce more XXXX and greater extrapyramidal effects in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: The search for non-narcotic drugs that will enhance the analgesic effects of opiates without enhancing their side effects has included the investigation of psychoactive drugs already approved for other uses. Some research has supported an analgesic effect of @entity1090 (RIS), an atypical neuroleptic. However, the analysis of the analgesic efficacy of RIS alone or as an adjuvant to @entity1286 (MOR) has not considered the production of adverse motor effects that would limit its usefulness as a treatment for @entity158 . We tested whether low doses of RIS would enhance the analgesic action of opiates without inducing untoward motor effects. The @entity1337 induced by a range of RIS doses (0.1-1.0 mg/kg, SC) was assessed alone and in combination with MOR (5 mg/kg, IP) in male Long-Evans (hooded) @entity35 using two different algesiometric assays: hotplate and tail-flick test. The presence or absence of ptosis, vacuous chewing, and abnormal stationary postures was recorded to evaluate @entity910 effects. No dose of RIS alone altered @entity158 threshold. However, the highest dose of RIS, 1.0 mg/kg SC, significantly increased the analgesic effects of MOR. Dyskinetic effects of RIS were dose-dependent and enhanced in RIS+MOR treatment. These results do not support the hypothesis that RIS, alone or in combination with MOR, elevates @entity158 threshold without also inducing motor side effects. These findings suggest caution in the use of RIS as either a primary treatment or opiate adjuvant treatment for @entity158 .

title: Low doses of XXXX and @entity1286 interact to produce more @entity1337 and greater extrapyramidal effects in @entity35 .

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['risperidone']


abstract: The search for non-narcotic drugs that will enhance the analgesic effects of opiates without enhancing their side effects has included the investigation of psychoactive drugs already approved for other uses. Some research has supported an analgesic effect of @entity1090 (RIS), an atypical neuroleptic. However, the analysis of the analgesic efficacy of RIS alone or as an adjuvant to @entity1286 (MOR) has not considered the production of adverse motor effects that would limit its usefulness as a treatment for @entity158 . We tested whether low doses of RIS would enhance the analgesic action of opiates without inducing untoward motor effects. The @entity1337 induced by a range of RIS doses (0.1-1.0 mg/kg, SC) was assessed alone and in combination with MOR (5 mg/kg, IP) in male Long-Evans (hooded) @entity35 using two different algesiometric assays: hotplate and tail-flick test. The presence or absence of ptosis, vacuous chewing, and abnormal stationary postures was recorded to evaluate @entity910 effects. No dose of RIS alone altered @entity158 threshold. However, the highest dose of RIS, 1.0 mg/kg SC, significantly increased the analgesic effects of MOR. Dyskinetic effects of RIS were dose-dependent and enhanced in RIS+MOR treatment. These results do not support the hypothesis that RIS, alone or in combination with MOR, elevates @entity158 threshold without also inducing motor side effects. These findings suggest caution in the use of RIS as either a primary treatment or opiate adjuvant treatment for @entity158 .

title: Low doses of @entity1090 and XXXX interact to produce more @entity1337 and greater extrapyramidal effects in @entity35 .

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: The search for non-narcotic drugs that will enhance the analgesic effects of opiates without enhancing their side effects has included the investigation of psychoactive drugs already approved for other uses. Some research has supported an analgesic effect of @entity1090 (RIS), an atypical neuroleptic. However, the analysis of the analgesic efficacy of RIS alone or as an adjuvant to @entity1286 (MOR) has not considered the production of adverse motor effects that would limit its usefulness as a treatment for @entity158 . We tested whether low doses of RIS would enhance the analgesic action of opiates without inducing untoward motor effects. The @entity1337 induced by a range of RIS doses (0.1-1.0 mg/kg, SC) was assessed alone and in combination with MOR (5 mg/kg, IP) in male Long-Evans (hooded) @entity35 using two different algesiometric assays: hotplate and tail-flick test. The presence or absence of ptosis, vacuous chewing, and abnormal stationary postures was recorded to evaluate @entity910 effects. No dose of RIS alone altered @entity158 threshold. However, the highest dose of RIS, 1.0 mg/kg SC, significantly increased the analgesic effects of MOR. Dyskinetic effects of RIS were dose-dependent and enhanced in RIS+MOR treatment. These results do not support the hypothesis that RIS, alone or in combination with MOR, elevates @entity158 threshold without also inducing motor side effects. These findings suggest caution in the use of RIS as either a primary treatment or opiate adjuvant treatment for @entity158 .

title: Low doses of @entity1090 and @entity1286 interact to produce more @entity1337 and greater extrapyramidal effects in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: The outcome of the treatment of @entity5 remains poor despite improved treatment modalities and recurrence remains a major problem despite improved staging and treatment. The aim was to identify the independent risk factors responsible in the recurrence of @entity5 . METHODS: The @entity1 who had elective oesophagectomy (n = 244) with curative intent were studied. One hundred and eighty four @entity1 had surgery alone, 44 @entity1 had neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery while 16 @entity1 had neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. We have analyzed @entity1 who had surgery alone (n = 184). Data was collected for demography, type of operation, histology, staging ( @entity2802 ), vascular invasion (VI), differentiation of @entity5 , type of chemotherapy and recurrence of @entity5 . RESULTS: The median age was 67 years (IQR 60, 71). The T1, T2, T3 distribution was 10%, 24% and 66% respectively. Forty percent had no nodal involvement (N0) and 60% had N1 stage disease. Twenty three percent of @entity1 had vascular invasion. Univariate analysis of histo-pathological factors identified lymph node yield (p = 0.06), curative resection R0 (p = 0.004) and vascular invasion (VI) (P = 0.69) as prognostic indicators of recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that number of lymph nodes yielded (p = 0.01) and R0 resection remain independent indicators of recurrence of @entity5 . However, VI (p = 0.2) and age at disease onset (p = 0.8) were not indicators of recurrence in @entity5 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: R0 and lymph node yield may help to predict the recurrence of @entity5 . However the presence of VI may not be a significant risk factor in disease recurrence.

title: Vascular invasion is not a risk factor in XXXX recurrence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: the tissue spanning the mitral and aortic valves, the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF), may be the site of @entity2849 formation in the setting of @entity884 or @entity299 , or after valve surgery. Because of potential complications of @entity339 , @entity1 with such lesions are often referred for surgical repair. METHODS: we identified 3 individuals with @entity339 who were followed without surgical intervention after diagnosis of the MAIVF @entity2849 . The courses of these @entity1 are presented below. RESULTS: the @entity339 were measured to be stable in size over several years among 3 @entity1 . Dimensions were 5.3   2.3, 7.6   4.9, and 4.8   2.5 cm. Surgical repair was considered too high a risk in 2 of the individuals, and the third individual refused a third surgical intervention. Of the 3 @entity1 , 2 remain asymptomatic. The third @entity1 was 87 years old when her MAIVF @entity2849 was diagnosed, and she died of noncardiac causes at age 92 years. CONCLUSIONS: clinical surveillance and serial imaging of MIAVF @entity2849 may be considered an alternative to surgical management in select individuals.

title: XXXX : survival without reoperation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MAIVF pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Pseudoaneurysms of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Design: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) is frequently employed for the treatment of residual or recurrent @entity977 . We describe our use of FSRT for the treatment of large, invasive, nonfunctioning @entity977 (NFPAs). Methods: Sixty-eight @entity1 with a large residual or recurrent NFPAs were treated between April 2004 and December 2012, including 39 males and 29 females (median age 51 years). @entity227 were present in 34 @entity1 , consisting of @entity227 (n=31) and/or reduced visual acuity (n=12). Forty-five @entity1 had evidence of @entity4614 before FSRT. For most of the @entity1 , the treatment was delivered through 5-10 noncoplanar conformal fixed fields using a 6-MV linear accelerator to a dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions. Results: At a median follow-up of 75 months (range 12-120 months), the 5-year and 10-year actuarial local control were 97% and 91%, respectively, and overall survival 97% and 93%, respectively. Forty-nine @entity1 had a @entity5 reduction, 16 remained stable, and 3 progressed. The relative @entity5 volume reduction measured using three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was 47%. The treatment was well tolerated with minimal acute @entity137 . Eighteen @entity1 developed @entity4614 . The actuarial incidence of new @entity4611 was 40% at 5 years and 72% at 10 years. No other radiation-induced complications occurred. Conclusions: Our results suggest that FSRT is an effective treatment for large or giant @entity977 with @entity137 .

title: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for large and invasive non-functioning XXXX : long-term clinical outcomes and volumetric MRI assessment of @entity5 response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual defects', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['low toxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['anterior pituitary deficits']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['partial or total hypopituitarism', 'partial or complete hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Design: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) is frequently employed for the treatment of residual or recurrent @entity977 . We describe our use of FSRT for the treatment of large, invasive, nonfunctioning @entity977 (NFPAs). Methods: Sixty-eight @entity1 with a large residual or recurrent NFPAs were treated between April 2004 and December 2012, including 39 males and 29 females (median age 51 years). @entity227 were present in 34 @entity1 , consisting of @entity227 (n=31) and/or reduced visual acuity (n=12). Forty-five @entity1 had evidence of @entity4614 before FSRT. For most of the @entity1 , the treatment was delivered through 5-10 noncoplanar conformal fixed fields using a 6-MV linear accelerator to a dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions. Results: At a median follow-up of 75 months (range 12-120 months), the 5-year and 10-year actuarial local control were 97% and 91%, respectively, and overall survival 97% and 93%, respectively. Forty-nine @entity1 had a @entity5 reduction, 16 remained stable, and 3 progressed. The relative @entity5 volume reduction measured using three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was 47%. The treatment was well tolerated with minimal acute @entity137 . Eighteen @entity1 developed @entity4614 . The actuarial incidence of new @entity4611 was 40% at 5 years and 72% at 10 years. No other radiation-induced complications occurred. Conclusions: Our results suggest that FSRT is an effective treatment for large or giant @entity977 with @entity137 .

title: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for large and invasive non-functioning @entity977 : long-term clinical outcomes and volumetric MRI assessment of XXXX response.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present the longitudinal outcomes in an observational cohort of @entity1 who had undergone treatment of stress @entity322 with a single incision mid-urethral sling (MUS). METHODS: A prospective, observational study of all female @entity1 who had undergone surgical intervention with the MiniArc MUS was performed. The surgical candidates underwent history and physical examination and urodynamic testing, as indicated. Quality of life questionnaires (Urogenital Distress Inventory [UDI-6] and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire [IIQ-7]) were administered preoperatively. The salient operative data were recorded. The @entity1 were followed up postoperatively for evidence of treatment success and adverse events. The @entity1 completed the UDI-6, IIQ-7, and Female Sexual Function Index questionnaires at 1 and 12 months after treatment. RESULTS: From September 2007 to October 2008, 120 @entity1 underwent placement of the MiniArc MUS for the treatment of stress @entity322 . The mean @entity1 age was 58.4 years. The mean body mass index was 27.2 kg/m(2). The mean preoperative daily pad use was 2.4. The mean preoperative IIQ-7 and UDI-6 score was 86.58 and 62.5, respectively. Of the 120 @entity1 , 108 (90%) completed a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. Of these 108 @entity1 , 101 (94%) were cured/dry. The mean postoperative pad use was 0.2 (P < .001). The mean IIQ-7 and UDI-6 score was 13.32 (P < .001) and 12.5 (P < .001), respectively. The Female Sexual Function Index results demonstrated no discomfort with intercourse in 49%, occasional discomfort in 9%, and frequent discomfort in 2%. The remaining 40% of our @entity1 were not sexually active. CONCLUSIONS: Our results have shown that the MiniArc MUS offers excellent outcomes that are durable at 1 year after treatment.

title: Single incision mid-urethral sling for treatment of female stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present our experience with @entity1 who elected active surveillance for @entity703 ( @entity703 ) with >= 5 years of follow-up. Few data are available regarding the long-term natural history of @entity703 during surveillance. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our urologic oncology database and identified 44 @entity1 with 51 @entity703 who had received active surveillance for >5 years of follow-up. The @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics and @entity5 growth rate and overall survival data were evaluated. RESULTS: The median @entity1 age was 71.7 years (range 55-92), with 32 @entity1 (72.7%) having a Charlson comorbidity index of >= 2. The median @entity5 size was 2.67 cm (range 0.9-8.6) at diagnosis. Biopsy was performed in 17 @entity1 (38.6%). Of these 17 @entity1 , @entity1358 was diagnosed in 15 and @entity1358 in 2 @entity1 . The median follow-up was 77.1 months (range 60-137), and the median growth rate was 0.15 cm/y. Of these @entity1 , 2 (4.5%) required delayed intervention. One underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy because of a high @entity5 growth rate, and one elected to withdraw from active surveillance because of personal @entity148 , despite having a stable @entity5 size for 72 months. The latter @entity1 underwent laparoscopic renal cryoablation. Histopathologic examination revealed @entity1358 in both cases. No @entity3 or @entity5 -related @entity204 occurred in our cohort; 1 @entity1 died of @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity703 undergoing surveillance for >5 years grew slowly. The metastatic potential appeared minimal in @entity1 who demonstrated low or @entity5 growth for a long period.

title: Natural history of XXXX during active surveillance with follow-up longer than 5 years.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'absent tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary renal cell carcinoma', 'clear cell renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cortical neoplasms', 'RCNs']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal cortical neoplasms']


abstract: Although all beta blockers have been found to be effective in the symptomatic relief of @entity951 , the importance of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) has not been studied extensively. In a randomized, double-blind study, we administered equipotent doses of @entity1169 (10, 20, and 40 mg four times a day) and @entity7690 (2.5, 5, and 10 mg four times a day), a beta blocker with significant ISA, to 52 @entity1 with @entity951 . Both agents were found to be effective in the treatment of @entity951 . At peak dose, @entity1169 reduced the number of @entity951 @entity5394 weeks from 29.29 +/- 4.79 to 18.0 +/- 4.4 (p = 0.021) (a 39% reduction) and increased the exercise tolerance on the treadmill from 7.55 +/- 0.67 METS to 9.36 +/- 0.58 (p = 0.002). @entity7690 decreased the number of @entity2142 @entity5394 weeks from 16.48 +/- 2.63 to 8.65 +/- 2.46 (p = 0.0027) (a 48% reduction) and increased exercise tolerance from 7.95 +/- 0.56 METS to 9.40 +/- 0.57 (p = 0.0245). At the end of the maximum tolerated exercise, @entity1169 decreased the heart rate from 110.00 +/- 3.41 to 99.71 +/- 3.74 (p = 0.0015). @entity7690 also decreased the heart rate at the maximum tolerated exercise from 113.59 +/- 3.24 to 108.12 +/- 3.16 (p = 0.0102). At rest, however, @entity1169 induced a more pronounced (p = 0.0066) decrease in heart rate (from 69.00 +/- 1.85 to 61.50 +/- 1.99; p = 0.0018), whereas @entity7690 did not significantly affect the resting heart rate (65.37 +/- 1.47 to 65.5 +/- 1.44; p = 0.9392). In addition @entity1169 decreased echocardiographically determined ejection fraction from 0.57 +/- 0.02 to 0.15 +/- 0.01 (p = 0.04) and increased the left ventricular end-diastolic volume from 71.8 +/- 3.2 to 92.2 +/- 1.9 ml (p = 0.003), whereas @entity7690 did not affect the ejection fraction and caused a less pronounced (p = 0.03) increase in end-diastolic volume (from 70.8 +/- 1.8 to 80.2 +/- 2.8; p = 0.02). The data indicate that both @entity1169 and @entity7690 are effective in the treatment of @entity951 and that @entity7690 decreases the resting heart rate and ejection fraction and increases the left ventricular end-diastolic volume to a lesser extent than @entity1169 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity7690 : the significance of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of beta blockers.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['Pindolol', 'pindolol']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina attacks', 'angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['anginal attacks']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: Although all beta blockers have been found to be effective in the symptomatic relief of @entity951 , the importance of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) has not been studied extensively. In a randomized, double-blind study, we administered equipotent doses of @entity1169 (10, 20, and 40 mg four times a day) and @entity7690 (2.5, 5, and 10 mg four times a day), a beta blocker with significant ISA, to 52 @entity1 with @entity951 . Both agents were found to be effective in the treatment of @entity951 . At peak dose, @entity1169 reduced the number of @entity951 @entity5394 weeks from 29.29 +/- 4.79 to 18.0 +/- 4.4 (p = 0.021) (a 39% reduction) and increased the exercise tolerance on the treadmill from 7.55 +/- 0.67 METS to 9.36 +/- 0.58 (p = 0.002). @entity7690 decreased the number of @entity2142 @entity5394 weeks from 16.48 +/- 2.63 to 8.65 +/- 2.46 (p = 0.0027) (a 48% reduction) and increased exercise tolerance from 7.95 +/- 0.56 METS to 9.40 +/- 0.57 (p = 0.0245). At the end of the maximum tolerated exercise, @entity1169 decreased the heart rate from 110.00 +/- 3.41 to 99.71 +/- 3.74 (p = 0.0015). @entity7690 also decreased the heart rate at the maximum tolerated exercise from 113.59 +/- 3.24 to 108.12 +/- 3.16 (p = 0.0102). At rest, however, @entity1169 induced a more pronounced (p = 0.0066) decrease in heart rate (from 69.00 +/- 1.85 to 61.50 +/- 1.99; p = 0.0018), whereas @entity7690 did not significantly affect the resting heart rate (65.37 +/- 1.47 to 65.5 +/- 1.44; p = 0.9392). In addition @entity1169 decreased echocardiographically determined ejection fraction from 0.57 +/- 0.02 to 0.15 +/- 0.01 (p = 0.04) and increased the left ventricular end-diastolic volume from 71.8 +/- 3.2 to 92.2 +/- 1.9 ml (p = 0.003), whereas @entity7690 did not affect the ejection fraction and caused a less pronounced (p = 0.03) increase in end-diastolic volume (from 70.8 +/- 1.8 to 80.2 +/- 2.8; p = 0.02). The data indicate that both @entity1169 and @entity7690 are effective in the treatment of @entity951 and that @entity7690 decreases the resting heart rate and ejection fraction and increases the left ventricular end-diastolic volume to a lesser extent than @entity1169 .

title: Treatment of @entity951 with XXXX : the significance of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of beta blockers.

answer: @entity7690 :: (MESH:D010869,Chemical) :: ['pindolol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Gynecologic @entity6962 is an aggressive @entity5 that requires more effective treatment approaches. However, therapeutic implications regarding the specific gynecologic site of origin and the admixture of @entity3909 that define this @entity5 remain uncertain. Therefore, broad genotyping was performed to identify tissue-specific somatic mutational profiles that may help direct targeted therapies in this complex @entity5 . METHODS: Genotyping was conducted on primary gynecologic @entity6962 arising from various disease sites (uterus, @entity5274 ) and within isolated histological subcomponents. Nucleic acids extracted from diagnostic tissue were used in a genotyping platform that simultaneously queried >120 common mutations across 14 @entity5 genes. Mutational status was correlated with clinical variables using logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. RESULTS: @entity5 gene mutations were identified in 46% of the 52 @entity1 cohort and include @entity876 (23%), @entity10160 (19%), @entity984 (15%), @entity3546 (4%) and @entity8497 (2%). Mutation in a single gene was observed in 31% of @entity1 samples, while synchronous mutations involving 2 and 3 genes were noted in 13% and 2% of samples, respectively. Comparative evaluation of the @entity3909 within a @entity5 demonstrated a similar mutation signature. Mutations in @entity10160 , @entity984 and @entity8497 were exclusive to @entity5 of uterine origin and age-adjusted Cox proportional hazards modeling associated advanced age, stage and @entity876 mutations with decreased survival in the uterine subset. CONCLUSION: While @entity6962 across @entity13374 sites are histologically similar, therapeutically relevant mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity4357 3-kinase pathways predominated in @entity6962 arising in the uterus.

title: Tissue-specific signatures of activating @entity10160 and RAS mutations in XXXX of gynecologic origin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'malignancy', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic disease']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['ovary, fallopian tube, vagina']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcomas', 'carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity6962 :: (MESH:D002296,Disease) :: ['carcinosarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Gynecologic @entity6962 is an aggressive @entity5 that requires more effective treatment approaches. However, therapeutic implications regarding the specific gynecologic site of origin and the admixture of @entity3909 that define this @entity5 remain uncertain. Therefore, broad genotyping was performed to identify tissue-specific somatic mutational profiles that may help direct targeted therapies in this complex @entity5 . METHODS: Genotyping was conducted on primary gynecologic @entity6962 arising from various disease sites (uterus, @entity5274 ) and within isolated histological subcomponents. Nucleic acids extracted from diagnostic tissue were used in a genotyping platform that simultaneously queried >120 common mutations across 14 @entity5 genes. Mutational status was correlated with clinical variables using logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. RESULTS: @entity5 gene mutations were identified in 46% of the 52 @entity1 cohort and include @entity876 (23%), @entity10160 (19%), @entity984 (15%), @entity3546 (4%) and @entity8497 (2%). Mutation in a single gene was observed in 31% of @entity1 samples, while synchronous mutations involving 2 and 3 genes were noted in 13% and 2% of samples, respectively. Comparative evaluation of the @entity3909 within a @entity5 demonstrated a similar mutation signature. Mutations in @entity10160 , @entity984 and @entity8497 were exclusive to @entity5 of uterine origin and age-adjusted Cox proportional hazards modeling associated advanced age, stage and @entity876 mutations with decreased survival in the uterine subset. CONCLUSION: While @entity6962 across @entity13374 sites are histologically similar, therapeutically relevant mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity4357 3-kinase pathways predominated in @entity6962 arising in the uterus.

title: Tissue-specific signatures of activating XXXX and RAS mutations in @entity6962 of gynecologic origin.

answer: @entity10160 :: (5290,Gene) :: ['PIK3CA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topotecan in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: A randomized phase II analysis of @entity902 -sensitive @entity1 with measurable disease was performed independently assessing intravenous topotecan 1.25 mg/m2 daily 5 every 21 days (regimen I) and topotecan 4.0 mg/m2/day on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle (regimen II). All @entity1 were treated until disease progression, unmanageable @entity137 , or @entity1 refusal. Insufficient accrual related to regimen I resulted in a redesign of the study as a single arm phase II trial assessing only regimen II. More complete efficacy data is presented for regimen II as enrollment on regimen I was insufficient for some analyses. RESULTS: A total of 81 @entity1 were enrolled. One @entity1 was ineligible. Fifteen @entity1 received regimen I, while 65 @entity1 were treated with regimen II. The response rate on regimen I (daily 5) was 27% (90% CI: 10-51%) and 12% (90% CI: 6-21%) on regimen II (weekly). The median PFS and @entity3012 were 4.8 and 27.8 months, respectively, for regimen II. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 rate was 93% with daily 5 dosing and 28% for weekly treatment. @entity1398 was very low in both groups. CONCLUSION: The weekly regimen of topotecan appeared less active but resulted in less @entity137 than the daily regimen in @entity902 -sensitive recurrent @entity43 @entity1 .

title: A phase II study of two topotecan regimens evaluated in recurrent @entity902 -sensitive XXXX : a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study (GOG 146Q).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian, primary peritoneal, and fallopian tube carcinomas', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topotecan in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: A randomized phase II analysis of @entity902 -sensitive @entity1 with measurable disease was performed independently assessing intravenous topotecan 1.25 mg/m2 daily 5 every 21 days (regimen I) and topotecan 4.0 mg/m2/day on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle (regimen II). All @entity1 were treated until disease progression, unmanageable @entity137 , or @entity1 refusal. Insufficient accrual related to regimen I resulted in a redesign of the study as a single arm phase II trial assessing only regimen II. More complete efficacy data is presented for regimen II as enrollment on regimen I was insufficient for some analyses. RESULTS: A total of 81 @entity1 were enrolled. One @entity1 was ineligible. Fifteen @entity1 received regimen I, while 65 @entity1 were treated with regimen II. The response rate on regimen I (daily 5) was 27% (90% CI: 10-51%) and 12% (90% CI: 6-21%) on regimen II (weekly). The median PFS and @entity3012 were 4.8 and 27.8 months, respectively, for regimen II. Grade 3/4 @entity1398 rate was 93% with daily 5 dosing and 28% for weekly treatment. @entity1398 was very low in both groups. CONCLUSION: The weekly regimen of topotecan appeared less active but resulted in less @entity137 than the daily regimen in @entity902 -sensitive recurrent @entity43 @entity1 .

title: A phase II study of two topotecan regimens evaluated in recurrent XXXX -sensitive @entity43 : a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study (GOG 146Q).

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) is a severe demyelinating @entity6220 (CNS) associated with the presence of an autoimmune antibody response ( @entity3951 -IgG) against the water channel aquaporin-4 ( @entity3951 ). It remains unclear whether pathologic @entity3951 -IgG in the CNS is produced entirely by peripheral plasma cells or is generated in part by infiltrating B cells. To determine the overlap of @entity3951 -IgG idiotypes between the CNS and periphery, we compared the immunoglobulin G (IgG) transcriptome of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plasmablasts with the CSF and serum IgG proteomes in 7 @entity3951 -seropositive @entity1652 @entity1 following exacerbation. METHODS: CSF variable region Ig heavy- (VH) and light-chain (VL) transcriptome libraries were generated for each @entity1 from CSF plasmablasts by single cell sorting, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and DNA sequencing. Recombinant antibodies were generated from clonally expanded, paired VH and VL sequences and tested for @entity3951 -reactivity by cell-binding assay. CSF and serum IgG fractions were searched for sequences that matched their respective CSF IgG transcriptome. Matching peptides within the same @entity1 's CSF and serum IgG proteomes were also identified. RESULTS: In each @entity1652 @entity1 , we recovered CSF IgG VH and VL sequences that matched germline-mutated IgG protein sequences from the @entity1 's CSF and serum IgG proteomes. Although a modest variation was observed between @entity1 , the overlap between the transcriptome and proteome sequences was found primarily, but not exclusively, within the CSF. More than 50% of the CSF IgG transcriptome sequences were exclusively found in the CSF IgG proteome, whereas 28% were found in both the CSF and blood IgG proteome, and 18% were found exclusively in the blood proteome. A comparable distribution was noted when only @entity3951 -specific IgG clones were considered. Similarly, on average, only 50% of the CSF IgG proteome matched corresponding peptide sequences in the serum. CONCLUSIONS: During @entity1652 exacerbations, a substantial fraction of the intrathecal Ig proteome is generated by an intrathecal B cell population composed of both novel and peripherally-derived clones. Intrathecal CSF B cell clones may contribute to @entity1652 disease exacerbation and lesion formation and may be an important target for preventative therapies.

title: The cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin transcriptome and proteome in XXXX reveals central nervous system-specific B cell populations.

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromyelitis optica', 'NMO']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of the central nervous system']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['neuromyelitis optica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was related with an acquired resistance to @entity4562 , was found in the @entity2 cell line. However, the clinical feasibility of this finding is still questionable. Here, we investigated whether EMT could be detected in a more clinically suitable situation using @entity1 's @entity5 and cells with deletion mutation on exon 19 of @entity470 gene. METHODS: @entity1 cell line was used to establish the subline resistant to @entity470 -TKIs. The induction of EMT was analyzed by immunostainings and Western blots in resistant cells and biopsied tissue from a @entity1 with acquired resistance to @entity3866 . Migration and invasion assay was performed to characterize the resistant cells. EMT-related genes expression was evaluated by cDNA microarray. Phospho-receptor @entity669 kinase array analysis was carried out to find bypass activating signals such as MET. RESULTS: We found that EMT developed in a @entity2 @entity1 who had an acquired resistance to @entity3866 while there were no known resistant mechanisms such as @entity9513 and MET amplification. CL-387,785-resistant cells (HCC827/CLR) were obtained by long-term exposure to increasing concentrations of CL-387,785 (an irreversible @entity470 -TKI). The morphological and molecular maker changes compatible with EMT were also found in @entity1 /CLR cells. However, there were also no secondary @entity9513 mutation and MET amplification. Furthermore, the activity of most of tested RTKs including receptor HER family was decreased suggesting that there was no bypass activating signal leading to resistance. These cells showed an enhanced capability for migration (   1.6-fold) and invasion (   2.8-fold). CONCLUSION: EMT should be considered as one of possible mechanisms for the acquired resistance to @entity470 -TKIs in @entity2 cells.

title: Clinical and molecular evidences of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in acquired resistance to XXXX -TKIs.

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'A549 lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) of the eyelid is a highly malignant @entity5 that arises from the meibomian glands, glands of Zeis, and sebaceous glands of the skin. The characteristics of this disease are high recurrence rate, significant metastatic potential, and notable mortality rate, which are quite different from @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ). We report the case of a 37-year-old @entity1 with the history of left lower eyelid @entity1491 (diagnosed 9 years ago), who had left parotid lymph nodes @entity3 and local recurrence twice. The chief complaint during visit was a left upper eyelid swelling mass noted for 3 months. She received salvage ablation surgery later. The final pathologic report is @entity189 . The diagnosis corresponds to the clinical presentation of this @entity1 at last. The delay between initial examination and final diagnosis in this @entity1 is about 9 years, but operation and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed after left parotid lymph nodes @entity3 was noted. Although there was still local recurrence after concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the @entity1 is still alive without distant @entity3 . In this article, we would discuss the differences of the pathologic characters, treatment, and prognosis between @entity189 and @entity1491 .

title: Recurrent XXXX of eyelid previously diagnosed as @entity1491 : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Sebaceous gland carcinoma', 'SGC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['sebaceous gland carcinoma']


abstract: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) of the eyelid is a highly malignant @entity5 that arises from the meibomian glands, glands of Zeis, and sebaceous glands of the skin. The characteristics of this disease are high recurrence rate, significant metastatic potential, and notable mortality rate, which are quite different from @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ). We report the case of a 37-year-old @entity1 with the history of left lower eyelid @entity1491 (diagnosed 9 years ago), who had left parotid lymph nodes @entity3 and local recurrence twice. The chief complaint during visit was a left upper eyelid swelling mass noted for 3 months. She received salvage ablation surgery later. The final pathologic report is @entity189 . The diagnosis corresponds to the clinical presentation of this @entity1 at last. The delay between initial examination and final diagnosis in this @entity1 is about 9 years, but operation and concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy were performed after left parotid lymph nodes @entity3 was noted. Although there was still local recurrence after concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the @entity1 is still alive without distant @entity3 . In this article, we would discuss the differences of the pathologic characters, treatment, and prognosis between @entity189 and @entity1491 .

title: Recurrent @entity189 of eyelid previously diagnosed as XXXX : case report.

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To clarify the frequency and distribution pattern of calcifications in all and in only non-assessable coronary arterial segments in symptomatic @entity1 with @entity301 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 2355 consecutive coronary CT angiographies performed using a 320-row ADCT, 1129 studies performed by prospective one-beat scanning without metallic and motion artifacts were evaluated. Frequency and degree of @entity730 were assessed for each coronary segment. Evaluations were performed in all and in only non-assessable segments, and the results were compared. RESULTS: Calcified segments were observed in 15.6  % of @entity1 and 2.4  % of segments. The most extensively calcified segments were those in the proximal left anterior descending branch. 1.1  % of all of the segments were not assessable due to @entity730 , and 90  % of those non-assessable segments had high-grade calcifications. When the @entity460 score value was 1000 or 2000, the expected frequency of non-assessable segments was 27.5 or 53.5  %, respectively. CONCLUSION: There were specific features of the distribution of @entity729 . It is important to be familiar with these features when deciding whether or not to perform subtraction CCTA.

title: Segmental distributions of calcifications and non-assessable lesions on coronary computed tomographic angiography: evaluation in symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arterial calcifications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Brachytherapy (radioactive seed insertion) has emerged as one of the most effective treatment options for @entity1 with @entity263 , with the added benefit of a convenient outpatient procedure. The main limitation in contemporary brachytherapy is faulty seed placement, predominantly due to the presence of intra-operative @entity4 (tissue expansion). Though currently not available, the capability to intra-operatively monitor the seed distribution, can make a significant improvement in @entity5 control. We present such a system here. METHODS: Intra-operative measurement of @entity4 in prostate brachytherapy requires localization of inserted radioactive seeds relative to the prostate. Seeds were reconstructed using a typical non-isocentric C-arm, and exported to a commercial brachytherapy treatment planning system. Technical obstacles for 3D reconstruction on a non-isocentric C-arm include pose-dependent C-arm calibration; distortion correction; pose estimation of C-arm images; seed reconstruction; and C-arm to TRUS registration. RESULTS: In precision-machined hard phantoms with 40-100 seeds and soft tissue phantoms with 45-87 seeds, we correctly reconstructed the seed implant shape with an average 3D precision of 0.35 mm and 0.24 mm, respectively. In a DoD Phase-1 clinical trial on six @entity1 with 48-82 planned seeds, we achieved intra-operative monitoring of seed distribution and dosimetry, correcting for dose inhomogeneities by inserting an average of over four additional seeds in the six enrolled @entity1 (minimum 1; maximum 9). Additionally, in each @entity1 , the system automatically detected intra-operative seed migration induced due to @entity4 (mean 3.84 mm, STD 2.13 mm, Max 16.19 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed system is the first of a kind that makes intra-operative detection of @entity4 (and subsequent re-optimization) possible on any typical non-isocentric C-arm, at negligible additional cost to the existing clinical installation. It achieves a significantly more homogeneous seed distribution, and has the potential to affect a paradigm shift in clinical practice. Large scale studies and commercialization are currently underway.

title: Intra-operative 3D guidance and XXXX detection in prostate brachytherapy using a non-isocentric C-arm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess T2 HASTE MR in acute abdominal imaging and ascertain if it is a reliable alternative to CT in @entity1 under 60. METHOD AND MATERIALS: In a prospective diagnostic performance study from January 2009 to December 2013, @entity1 under 60 presenting with acute @entity490 , that required imaging following surgical review, were imaged with T2 HASTE MR. Rapid acquisition HASTE (Half Fourier Acquisition Single Shot Turbo Spin Echo) coronal and axial sequences were obtained, without intravenous contrast. @entity1 were followed up clinically for a minimum of 3 months. RESULTS: 468 cases included in the study. 349 were negative for acute abdominal pathology, 116 positive for acute abdominal pathology and 3 were indeterminate. In the MR positive group (n=116), 64 had surgery confirming findings (34 @entity698 , 14 SBO, 3 ovarian torsion, 3 LBO, intussusception, @entity43 , @entity2670 , @entity733 , crohns, 4 endoscopy for acute bowel pathology) while 51 were managed conservatively with concordant follow up (4 SBO, 11 @entity4436 , 6 pelvic inflammatory disease, 7 @entity29 , 7 @entity1960 , 6 @entity2885 , 2 @entity2679 , @entity8 , @entity8307 , @entity4558 , @entity3298 , 2 @entity788 , @entity706 , @entity14162 ). 1 @entity1 had an MR diagnosis of @entity698 but at laparoscopy a sigmoid diverticular perforation was diagnosed and the appendix was normal. In the MR negative group (n=349), 324 had uneventful follow-up, 22 had negative laparoscopies, while 3 had subsequent appendectomies, with @entity698 on histology (3 days, 10 days and 2 months post scan). In the MR indeterminate group (n=3), one was treated conservatively with uneventful follow up, one had laparoscopic appendectomy with normal appendix on histology, one had laparoscopic appendectomy with @entity697 on histology. When MR correlated with clinical follow up (n=468), overall diagnostic accuracy is 99% (463/468). When MR findings correlated with direct visualisation at surgery/endoscopy (n=90), sensitivity is 98% (95% CI) and specificity is 92% (95% CI). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that rapid acquisition axial and coronal T2 HASTE MR is a practical, safe and effective method in the diagnosis of acute @entity490 . MR is the preferred option to CT in @entity1 of an age prone to radiation with a potential surgical diagnosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE/APPLICATION: MRI in acute abdominal imaging is both effective and practical and is the preferred imaging option in @entity1 of an age prone to radiation with a potential surgical diagnosis.

title: Rapid acquisition axial and coronal T2 HASTE MR in the evaluation of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal abscess']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic haematoma']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular abscess']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dermoid, 2 pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric adenitis']

entities_list: @entity14162 :: ('MESH:D018280', 'Disease') :: ['epiploic appendagitis']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cognitive tests of learning and memory (L_M) have been required by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Developmental @entity2359 Test (DNT) guidelines for more than two decades. To evaluate the utility of these guidelines, the EPA reviewed 69 pesticide DNT studies. This review found that the DNT provided or could provide the point-of-departure for risk assessment by showing the Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) in 28 of these studies in relation to other reported end points. Among the behavioral tests, locomotor activity and auditory/acoustic startle provided the most LOAELs, and tests of cognitive function and the @entity177 ( @entity177 ) the fewest. Two issues arose from the review: (1) what is the relative utility of cognitive tests versus tests of unconditioned behavior, and (2) how might cognitive tests be improved? The EPA sponsored a symposium to address this. Bushnell reviewed studies in which both screening (locomotor activity, @entity177 , reflex ontogeny, etc.) and complex tests (those requiring training) were used within the same study; he found relatively little evidence that complex tests provided a LOAEL lower than screening tests (with exceptions). Levin reviewed reasons for including cognitive tests in regulatory studies and methods and evidence for the radial-arm maze and its place in developmental @entity2359 assessments. Driscoll and Strupp reviewed the value of serial reaction time operant methods for assessing executive function in developmental @entity2359 studies. Vorhees and Williams reviewed the value of allocentric (spatial) and egocentric cognitive tests and presented methods for using the Morris water maze for spatial and the Cincinnati water maze for egocentric cognitive assessment. They also reviewed the possible use of water radial mazes. The relatively lower impact of cognitive tests in previous DNT studies in the face of the frequency of @entity1 complaints of chemical-induced @entity73 indicates that animal cognitive tests need improvement. The contributors to this symposium suggest that if the guidelines are updated, they be made more specific by recommending preferred tests and providing greater detail on key characteristics of such tests. Additionally, it is recommended that guidance be developed to address important issues with cognitive tests and to provide the information needed to improve the design, conduct, and interpretation of tests of higher function within a regulatory context. These steps will maximize the value of cognitive tests for use in hazard evaluation and risk assessment.

title: Assessment of Learning, Memory, and Attention in Developmental XXXX Regulatory Studies: Synthesis, Commentary, and Recommendations.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FOB', 'Functional Observational Battery']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'Neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['Neurotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is a rare but aggressive @entity0 with an overall poor prognosis. Traditionally, reconstruction has not been offered, because of poor long-term survival, the need for multimodality treatment, and complex treatment sequencing. The authors examined the safety and feasibility of free flap breast reconstruction for @entity0 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all @entity1 who underwent reconstruction for @entity0 from January of 2000 to December of 2012 was conducted. RESULTS: Of 830 @entity0 @entity1 , 59 (7.1 percent; median age, 48 years; range, 27 to 65 years) underwent free flap reconstruction. All @entity1 received chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Most @entity1 (n = 52) underwent delayed reconstruction. Five @entity1 with a history of prior partial mastectomy and irradiation developed @entity0 and underwent immediate reconstruction following completion mastectomy. Two others underwent immediate chest wall and breast reconstruction following resection. Thirteen @entity1 underwent bilateral reconstruction, and seven required a bipedicled abdominal flap for the unilateral mastectomy defect. Thirty-seven @entity1 (62.7 percent) required revision of the reconstructed breast, and 29 (49.2 percent) had a contralateral balancing procedure to optimize symmetry. Complications occurred in 21 @entity1 (35.6 percent), with one total @entity393 (1.7 percent). The median length of follow-up was 43.9 months; 49 @entity1 (83.1 percent) were alive without evidence of recurrent disease. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous free flap breast reconstruction can be performed safely in @entity0 @entity1 , with acceptable complication rates and without an increased risk for @entity393 . @entity0 should not preclude free flap breast reconstruction. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

title: Challenging a traditional paradigm: 12-year experience with autologous free flap breast reconstruction for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['flap loss']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'Inflammatory breast cancer', 'inflammatory breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['inflammatory breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation is the most performed solid organ transplantation in Thailand. Over 4000 @entity1 have received kidney transplantation from 23 centers within the kingdom. This study sought to demonstrate the causes of @entity393 and @entity204 in Thai @entity1 receiving kidney transplant during the past decade. @entity1 AND METHODS: The Thai Transplant Registry database was used to evaluate the causes of @entity393 and @entity204 . This database was established since 1997, a total of 2298 kidney transplants were available for analysis. @entity393 was defined as return to dialysis, graft removal, retransplantation, or @entity204 of the recipients. @entity1 survival was analyzed by all deaths. RESULTS: Among 2298 recipients, 59% received organs from deceased donors. The mean age at transplantation was 42 years (SD 12) and 61% were male. The most common identified causes of the @entity454 were chronic @entity631 (25.3%) and hypertensive @entity8 (11.3%); half of those were unknown. Actuarial graft survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 89% and 73%, respectively. The common causes of @entity393 were @entity740 (53%), acute rejection (15%), @entity204 with a functioning graft (15%), and transplant renal @entity455 (7%). The greatest proportion (64%) of deaths was @entity281 owing to @entity295 and/or @entity358 . The others were from @entity65 (12%), @entity409 (6%), and @entity5 (4%). CONCLUSION: Graft survival rates were comparable with previous reports. However, the proportion of @entity204 with functioning graft and @entity65 as a cause of graft and @entity1 loss is lower than that of Caucasian populations.

title: Different etiologies of XXXX and @entity204 in Asian kidney transplant recipients: a report from Thai Transplant Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery diseases']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic allograft nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['graft loss', 'Graft loss']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular deaths', 'cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['graft loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation is the most performed solid organ transplantation in Thailand. Over 4000 @entity1 have received kidney transplantation from 23 centers within the kingdom. This study sought to demonstrate the causes of @entity393 and @entity204 in Thai @entity1 receiving kidney transplant during the past decade. @entity1 AND METHODS: The Thai Transplant Registry database was used to evaluate the causes of @entity393 and @entity204 . This database was established since 1997, a total of 2298 kidney transplants were available for analysis. @entity393 was defined as return to dialysis, graft removal, retransplantation, or @entity204 of the recipients. @entity1 survival was analyzed by all deaths. RESULTS: Among 2298 recipients, 59% received organs from deceased donors. The mean age at transplantation was 42 years (SD 12) and 61% were male. The most common identified causes of the @entity454 were chronic @entity631 (25.3%) and hypertensive @entity8 (11.3%); half of those were unknown. Actuarial graft survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 89% and 73%, respectively. The common causes of @entity393 were @entity740 (53%), acute rejection (15%), @entity204 with a functioning graft (15%), and transplant renal @entity455 (7%). The greatest proportion (64%) of deaths was @entity281 owing to @entity295 and/or @entity358 . The others were from @entity65 (12%), @entity409 (6%), and @entity5 (4%). CONCLUSION: Graft survival rates were comparable with previous reports. However, the proportion of @entity204 with functioning graft and @entity65 as a cause of graft and @entity1 loss is lower than that of Caucasian populations.

title: Different etiologies of @entity393 and XXXX in Asian kidney transplant recipients: a report from Thai Transplant Registry.

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the efficacy and safety of an immunosuppressive regimen consisting of @entity1140 or @entity205 , with basiliximab, @entity618 or @entity20771 , and low-dose @entity230 ( @entity229 <2.5 mg/d) for kidney transplant recipients. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 51 recipients with stable graft function who underwent kidney transplantation between August 2005 and December 2009. The oral dose of @entity229 was gradually tapered to <2.5 mg/d within 2 months after transplantation. We assessed, @entity1 and graft survivals, incidence of rejection episodes, transplant function and @entity134 side effects. RESULTS: Death-censored graft survival was 100%, and the mean serum @entity1011 levels remained stable at 1.31, 1.37, and 1.48 mg/dL at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively, after transplantation. There were seven biopsy-proven rejection episodes (mean = 110 days; range = 14-436) after @entity229 was decreased. The cumulative incidence of biopsy-proven rejection was 11.2%, 17.0%, and 17.0%, respectively. In addition, the mean blood pressure was stable (127/78 mm Hg, 125/77 mm Hg, and 125/76 mmHg, respectively), whereas the mean serum @entity165 and @entity412 levels remained within normal limits. Only 3 @entity1 (7%) displayed new onset @entity6 after transplantation. CONCLUSION: Low-dose @entity134 maintenance therapy is safe with beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors.

title: Low-dose XXXX maintenance for renal transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity20771 :: ('MESH:C010052', 'Chemical') :: ['mizoribine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: A previous study proposed that serial full-thickness excisional biopsies of vocal fold @entity12120 therapeutically decreased @entity1141 grade. The current investigation aimed to 1) analyze the pathological evolution and natural history of these lesions and 2) re-examine the role of serial excisions in @entity1141 grade regression in long-term follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: @entity1 treated for @entity3746 (1994-2013) with serial full-thickness microflap-type excisions were identified and followed longitudinally. Excluded were those with one excision, @entity3 at initial excision, or history of @entity5 or radiation. Data from surgical procedures, associated pathology, and @entity1 characteristics were recorded. Weighted repeated measures ordinal logistic regression measured associations with pathology findings. RESULTS: Of 55 @entity1 (median age   =   65 years, interquartile range   =   54-73 years, 89% male, 63% ever smokers, 27% @entity285 users), 31 met inclusion criteria. During the study period, @entity1 had two to 44 excisions, with a median time between excisions of 4.0 months. Each additional excision increased odds of higher-grade pathology by 4% (odds ratio   =   1.04, 95% confidence interval   =   1.01-1.06; P   =   .007). A transition model demonstrated that @entity1 with moderate @entity1141 , severe @entity1141 , or @entity189 in situ on a prior biopsy had 2.64-, 5.64-, and 8.73-times increased odds of the same or higher pathology grade at the next excision, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Data do not support the hypothesis that serial full-thickness excisions decrease @entity1141 grade. Progression of @entity1141 appears to be nonlinear, but higher-grade @entity1141 is more likely to progress to @entity5 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Serial full-thickness excision of XXXX : Diagnostic or therapeutic?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal fold dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity3746 :: (MESH:D014826,Disease) :: ['dysplastic vocal fold leukoplakia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Short sleep duration has been found recently to be a predictor of @entity644 . However, population-based investigations addressing the association between self-reported sleep duration and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) among @entity101 @entity1 are lacking. We therefore sought to investigate the extent to which self-reported sleep duration might be associated with reduced GFR in a large @entity101 population in rural northeast China. A total of 5555 @entity101 @entity1 , aged >= 35  years, in rural areas of Liaoning Province, China, were screened between January 2012 and August 2013, using a stratified, cluster multi-stage sampling scheme. Anthropometric measurements, self-reported sleep duration, blood biochemical indexes and other health-related variables were collected by medically trained personnel. Reduced GFR was defined as the estimated GFR (eGFR)  <  60  mL  min(-1)   1.73  m(2) . On average, @entity1 slept for 6.9      1.6  h per night. Mean self-reported sleep duration decreased with eGFR (P  <  0.001). For both genders, a lower prevalence of reduced GFR was observed among @entity1 who slept  <=6  h per night in total. In the multivariable regression model, after adjustments for age, gender, ethnicity, lifestyle factors, clinical correlates, @entity308 and general quality of life, @entity1 who slept for 6  h or less per night were associated with a higher risk of reduced GFR [odds ratio (OR: 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-2.73] compared with the reference group (self-reported sleep duration >7 and  <=8  h  day(-1) ). We concluded that short self-reported sleep duration ( <=6  h per night) was related significantly to an increased risk of reduced GFR in a @entity101 population. This novel risk factor should be taken into consideration during daily management of @entity101 to prevent @entity740 .

title: Self-reported sleep duration is associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate among adults with XXXX : a population-based study from rural northeast China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Resistant @entity101 is often difficult to treat and may be associated with underlying @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ). We describe the case of an elderly gentleman who presented with severe and resistant @entity101 and was found to have a left @entity700 during evaluation but had @entity1369 excess secondary to @entity774 ( @entity774 ) of the contralateral gland, which needed surgical intervention. A 65-year-old gentleman was evaluated for uncontrolled high blood pressure (BP) in spite of taking four antihypertensive medications. The high BP was confirmed on a 24-h ambulatory reading, and further biochemical evaluation showed an elevated serum @entity1369 renin ratio (ARR) (1577pmol/l per ng per ml per h). Radiological evaluation showed an adrenal nodule (15mm) in the left adrenal gland but an adrenal vein sampling demonstrated a lateralization towards the opposite site favouring the right adrenal to be the source of excess @entity1369 . A laparoscopic right adrenalectomy was performed and the histology of the gland confirmed @entity4383 . Following surgery, the @entity1 's BP improved remarkably although he remained on antihypertensives and under regular endocrine follow-up. @entity1368 remains the most common form of secondary and difficult-to-treat @entity101 . Investigations may reveal @entity75 , which may not be the actual source of excess @entity1369 , but @entity774 may be a contributor and may coexist and amenable to surgical treatment. An adrenal vein sampling should be undertaken for correct lateralization of the source, otherwise a correctable diagnosis may be missed and the incorrect adrenal gland may be removed. LEARNING POINTS: Severe and resistant @entity101 can often be associated with underlying @entity1368 .ARR is an excellent screening tool in @entity1 with suspected @entity1368 .Lateralization with adrenal venous sampling is essential to isolate the source and differentiate between unilateral and bilateral causes of @entity1368 . @entity700 and @entity774 may coexist and the latter may often be the sole cause of excess @entity1369 secretion.Decisions about adrenalectomy should be made only after integrating and interpreting radiological and biochemical test findings properly.

title: Resistant XXXX with adrenal nodule: are we removing the right gland?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['incidental adrenal lesions']

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal incidentaloma', 'Adrenal incidentalomas']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism', 'PA', 'primary aldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral adrenal hyperplasia', 'UAH']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']