abstract: Nitrification during biological filtration is currently used in drinking water production to remove @entity3265 , which is the source of several water quality problems during treatment and distribution. We evaluated here the impact of backwashing on nitrification efficiency in filters used for drinking water treatment. Two different granular activated @entity505 (one open and one closed @entity505 superstructure) were tested. @entity3265 removal and fixed nitrifying bacterial biomass before and after backwashing were compared in first-stage pilot filters and full-scale second-stage filters. Backwashing has a greater impact on nitrification on first-stage than an second-stage filters. Backwashing improved the @entity3265 removal in warm (> or = 18 degrees C) water in a first-stage filter containing an open-superstructure granular activated @entity505 , whereas a closed-superstructure support showed a removal capacity that is less after a regular backwashing than before, or similar to it. In cold water (< or = 4 degrees C), backwashing had a negative impact on nitrification capacity in an open-superstructure medium first-stage filter. In full-scale second-stage filters, backwashing had a slight negative impact on filter performances for both open- and closed-superstructure media at temperatures between 8 degrees C and 12 degrees C. In colder waters (< or = 3 degrees C), nitrification was very poor both before and after backwashing. Sampling of fixed, nitrifying biomass in the pilot filter columns showed that in all cases (low and high expansion backwash; both media tested) and at 20 +/- 3 degrees C the overall biomass levels remained unchanged before and after backwash. In the full-scale second-stage filters, nitrifying bionass was similar before and after backwashing for both types of media tested.

title: Impact of backwashing on nitrification in the biological activated XXXX filters used in drinking water treatment.

entities_list: @entity3265 :: ('MESH:D000641', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonia', 'Ammonia']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: Colonization of the cardiovascular endothelium by viridans group streptococci can result in @entity884 and possibly @entity731 ; however, the mechanisms of pathogenesis are poorly understood. We investigated the ability of selected oral streptococci to infect monolayers of @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in 50% @entity1 plasma and to produce @entity137 . Planktonic @entity9190 CH1 killed HUVEC over a 5-h period by peroxidogenesis (alpha-hemolysin) and by acidogenesis but not by production of protein exotoxins. HUVEC were protected fully by addition of supplemental buffers and @entity291 liver catalase to the culture medium. Streptococci were also found to invade HUVEC by an endocytic mechanism that was dependent on polymerization of actin microfilaments and on a functional cytoskeleton, as indicated by inhibition with @entity11119 and @entity10612 . Electron microscopy revealed streptococci attached to HUVEC surfaces via numerous fibrillar structures and bacteria in membrane-encased cytoplasmic vacuoles. Following invasion by @entity9190 CH1, HUVEC monolayers showed 63% cell lysis over 4 h, releasing 64% of the total intracellular bacteria into the culture medium; however, the bacteria did not multiply during this time. The ability to invade HUVEC was exhibited by selected strains of @entity9190 , @entity885 , @entity6586 , @entity6419 , and @entity9858 but only weakly by @entity20842 . Comparison of isogenic pairs of @entity9190 revealed a requirement for several surface proteins for maximum host cell invasion: glucosyltransferase, the @entity3167 -binding protein Hsa, and the hydrophobicity/coaggregation proteins CshA and CshB. Deletion of genes for the antigen I/II adhesins, SspA and SspB, did not affect invasion. We hypothesize that peroxidogenesis and invasion of the cardiovascular endothelium by viridans group streptococci are integral events in the pathogenesis of @entity884 and @entity731 .

title: Invasion and killing of XXXX endothelial cells by viridans group streptococci.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity9190 :: ('1302', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus gordonii', 'S. gordonii']

entities_list: @entity10612 :: ('MESH:D015739', 'Chemical') :: ['nocodazole']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity11119 :: ('MESH:D015638', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin D']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Cell death regulation is linked to pathogen defense in plants and animals. Execution of apoptosis as one type of programmed cell death in animals is irreversibly triggered by cytochrome c release from mitochondria via pores formed by BAX proteins. This type of programmed cell death can be prevented by expression of BAX inhibitor 1 ( @entity30363 ), a membrane protein that protects cells from the effects of BAX by an unknown mechanism. In @entity2247 , a homologue of the @entity1 @entity30363 is expressed in response to inoculation with the @entity2247 powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis @entity10327 . hordei (Bgh). We found differential expression of @entity30363 in response to Bgh in susceptible and resistant plants. Chemical induction of resistance to Bgh by soil drench treatment with @entity20729 led to down-regulation of the expression level of @entity30363 . Importantly, single-cell transient overexpression of @entity30363 in epidermal leaf tissue of susceptible @entity2247 cultivar Ingrid led to enhanced accessibility, resulting in a higher penetration efficiency of Bgh on @entity30363 -transformed cells. In Bgh-resistant mlo5 genotypes, which do not express the negative regulator of defense and cell death MLO, overexpression of @entity30363 almost completely reconstituted susceptibility to fungal penetration. We suggest that @entity30363 is a regulator of cellular defense in @entity2247 sufficient to substitute for MLO function in accessibility to @entity364 .

title: Overexpression of XXXX BAX inhibitor 1 induces breakdown of mlo-mediated penetration resistance to Blumeria graminis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity20729 :: ('MESH:C077261', 'Chemical') :: ['2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal parasites']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Species) :: ['barley']


abstract: Our previous observations showed that left ventricular wall motion abnormality (asynergy) induced by stress was observed in the phase response of radionuclide technique, and the severity and extent of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) assessed by the Pujadas score (PS) correlated well with the maximal phase delay response (delta MPD) but not with the ejection fraction response (delta EF) in @entity1 with @entity453 without old @entity583 ( @entity583 ). This study evaluated the usefulness of EF, MPD and the first-third filling fraction (FF, divided by the volume accrued throughout diastole) at rest and during stress, using ergometer and first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography (RNA), to determine the severity of @entity453 , and to evaluate any @entity66 and diastolic coupling in left ventricular function during stress. Seventy-four @entity1 with significant @entity453 , including 41 with previous @entity583 ( @entity583 group) and 33 without @entity583 (angina group) were the subjects of this study. EF at rest and during stress inversely correlated, and @entity14501 on stress linearly correlated with PS in angina group with PS greater than 10, while no such correlations were found in @entity583 group. A normal EF response (delta EF greater than or equal to 5%) was accompanied by a greater-than-normal response in FF (delta FF) in both groups. A lower EF response was accompanied by a smaller delta FF in angina group, but by a larger delta FF in @entity583 group. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.03), without significant differences by age, PS, peak heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and @entity63 on ECG during stress. Resting EF and FF by the RNA method correlated with those by left ventriculography (LVG), respectively. It was suggested that RNA is an accurate method for determining EF and FF, while phase analysis may provide some additional information different from that provided by LVG. We concluded that EF and MPD during stress are as useful as delta MPD with the exception of a few cases in predicting the severity of @entity453 , and that scar tissue within the ventricular wall in @entity583 may play an important role in determining the ventricular diastolic mechanical property during stress.

title: [Severity and extent of XXXX and their relationship to left ventricular functional reserve in the chronic disease state].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['transmural MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the systolic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss a case of @entity3478 in the left hip of a @entity1 who sought treatment following a @entity130 . CLINICAL FEATURES: A 27-year-old male @entity1 visited a chiropractic clinic 6 months after a twisting injury to his left hip which occurred while playing tennis. His @entity158 had remained moderate in intensity and intermittent to frequent in frequency since it originated but became more intense the week prior to his visit. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOME: The @entity1 was diagnosed with a @entity924 / @entity2585 and received 3 weeks of treatment. Care consisted of various forms of passive modalities to reduce @entity158 and @entity32 , as well as hip mobilization and tissue stretching. Plain film examination was then performed, due to lack of progress, and revealed a possible @entity84 of the femoral head. The @entity1 was referred to his primary care physician (PCP) for follow-up imaging. Surgical resection of the lesion occurred approximately 2 months later. Biopsy of the resected cells confirmed a new diagnosis of @entity1358 . A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest was performed to rule out metastasis to the lungs. Regular follow-up care and imaging continued and revealed, 9 months following, that the femoral @entity75 had returned and hip replacement surgery would be needed. CONCLUSION: @entity924 , @entity2585 , and @entity6475 commonly occur following sports-related @entity130 to the appendicular skeleton. A conservative trial of care should be performed on suspected soft tissue injuries. However, when lack of improvement occurs within the first month, further examination, special studies, or referral are warranted to ensure a proper diagnosis and to rule out a pathological condition.

title: Unresolving hip XXXX leads to discovery of malignant tumor.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['head lesion']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['Tendonitis', 'tendonitis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity84 :: ('MESH:D002804', 'Disease') :: ['chondroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['tennis injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendonitis']


abstract: Seventy @entity1 classified as Tossy's Grade III @entity3029 were studied clinically and radiographically, and treated conservatively. Twenty @entity2720 from 11 cadavers were dissected for a detailed anatomical evaluation of @entity2720 . Anatomical findings showed that the conoid ligament played an important role for the fixation of the clavicular end to the acromion. @entity1 with dislocation classified as Tossy's Grade III were divided into two subtypes, A and B, according to the distance between the clavicle and acromion on the radiograph. Arthorography was performed on 22 @entity1 . The arthograms were classified into three types, I, II and III, depending on the leak spread and flow of the contrast medium around the @entity2720 . Types I and II arthorograms were seen in all cases classified as Type A on X-rays, most of the @entity164 were seen in cases classified as Type B. Favorable results were obtained in eighty-six per cent of Type A cases. Fair to poor results, however, were achieved in 60% of type B cases. From the result of this study, the author concludes that Tossy's Grade III, complete dislocation, should be classified into two subtypes and surgical treatment should be considered for Type B or complete dislocation.

title: [Clinicopathological status and treatment of XXXX with special reference to Tossy's grade III].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['Type III arthorograms']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['acromioclavicular joints']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['acromioclavicular dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['acromioclavicular dislocation']


abstract: Hepatic @entity165 ( @entity13507 ) uptake from serum coupled to intracellular processing and biliary excretion are important features in the removal of excess @entity165 from the body. @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) transporters play an important role in hepatic @entity165 transport. The liver consists of different cell types, and ABC transporters may exert different physiological functions dependent on the individual cell type. Therefore, in the current study, using real time PCR we compared the mRNA expression of ABC transporters and genes involved in the regulation of @entity165 metabolism in liver parenchymal, endothelial, and Kupffer cells. It appears that liver parenchymal cells contain high expression levels compared with endothelial and Kupffer cells of scavenger receptor class BI ( approximately 3-fold), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and @entity9781 (8-20-fold), @entity165 7alpha-hydroxylase A1 (>100-fold), and @entity27913 /G8 ( approximately 5-fold). Liver endothelial cells show a high expression of @entity165 27-hydroxylase, liver X receptor (LXR)beta, PPARdelta, and @entity33300 , suggesting a novel specific role for these genes in endothelial cells. In Kupffer cells, the expression level of @entity50595 , @entity26837 , and in particular @entity33300 is high, leading to an @entity33300 mRNA expression level that is 70-fold higher than in parenchymal cells. It can be calculated that 51% of the total liver @entity33300 expression resides in Kupffer cells and 24% in endothelial cells, suggesting an intrahepatic-specific role for @entity33300 in Kupffer and endothelial cells. Because of a specific stimulation of @entity33300 in parenchymal cells by a high @entity165 diet, the contribution of parenchymal cells to the total liver increased from 25 to 60%. Our data indicate that for studies of the role of ABC transporters and their regulation in liver, their cellular localization should be taken into account, allowing proper interpretation of metabolic changes, which are directly related to their (intra)cellular expression level.

title: Specific gene expression of XXXX -binding cassette transporters and nuclear hormone receptors in rat liver parenchymal, endothelial, and Kupffer cells.

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity483 ( @entity483 ) there is evidence of tissue @entity82 involving a number of structural changes, including papillary dermal @entity82 and @entity1373 . These changes are suggested to be the result of @entity32 . Several remodeling-associated cytokines, including @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 , have been shown to be increased in @entity56 , including @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 expression in skin biopsy specimens recovered from acute and chronic @entity272 from @entity1 with @entity483 , as well as from uninvolved skin of @entity1 with @entity483 and skin from healthy volunteers. We also examined the correlation between the expression of these cytokines and the extent of total, type I, and type III collagen deposition. METHODS: We evaluated the expression of @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 by means of immunohistochemistry. Collagen deposition was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry and van Gieson staining. RESULTS: @entity2533 expression was markedly enhanced in both acute and particularly chronic lesions (P <.001). Although @entity4382 expression was significantly increased only in chronic lesions (P <.0001), @entity4155 was preferentially associated with acute lesions (P <.005). Although @entity1413 was not significantly different among the groups, type I collagen deposition was significantly increased in chronic @entity483 (P <.0005). There was a significant correlation between @entity4382 and type I collagen deposition, as well as the number of eosinophils in skin specimens from @entity1 with @entity483 (r (2) = 0.527, and r (2) = 0.622, respectively; P <.0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 are involved in the remodeling of @entity272 in @entity1 with @entity483 . However, @entity4382 and @entity4155 are preferentially expressed at different stages of the disease. Type I collagen appeared to be the major subtype involved in this repair process.

title: Polarized in vivo expression of XXXX and @entity4155 between acute and chronic @entity272 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation of the skin']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['AD lesions', 'atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen type III deposition']

answer: @entity4382 :: (3589,Gene) :: ['IL-11']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity483 ( @entity483 ) there is evidence of tissue @entity82 involving a number of structural changes, including papillary dermal @entity82 and @entity1373 . These changes are suggested to be the result of @entity32 . Several remodeling-associated cytokines, including @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 , have been shown to be increased in @entity56 , including @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 expression in skin biopsy specimens recovered from acute and chronic @entity272 from @entity1 with @entity483 , as well as from uninvolved skin of @entity1 with @entity483 and skin from healthy volunteers. We also examined the correlation between the expression of these cytokines and the extent of total, type I, and type III collagen deposition. METHODS: We evaluated the expression of @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 by means of immunohistochemistry. Collagen deposition was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry and van Gieson staining. RESULTS: @entity2533 expression was markedly enhanced in both acute and particularly chronic lesions (P <.001). Although @entity4382 expression was significantly increased only in chronic lesions (P <.0001), @entity4155 was preferentially associated with acute lesions (P <.005). Although @entity1413 was not significantly different among the groups, type I collagen deposition was significantly increased in chronic @entity483 (P <.0005). There was a significant correlation between @entity4382 and type I collagen deposition, as well as the number of eosinophils in skin specimens from @entity1 with @entity483 (r (2) = 0.527, and r (2) = 0.622, respectively; P <.0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 are involved in the remodeling of @entity272 in @entity1 with @entity483 . However, @entity4382 and @entity4155 are preferentially expressed at different stages of the disease. Type I collagen appeared to be the major subtype involved in this repair process.

title: Polarized in vivo expression of @entity4382 and XXXX between acute and chronic @entity272 .

answer: @entity4155 :: (3605,Gene) :: ['IL-17']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity483 ( @entity483 ) there is evidence of tissue @entity82 involving a number of structural changes, including papillary dermal @entity82 and @entity1373 . These changes are suggested to be the result of @entity32 . Several remodeling-associated cytokines, including @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 , have been shown to be increased in @entity56 , including @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 expression in skin biopsy specimens recovered from acute and chronic @entity272 from @entity1 with @entity483 , as well as from uninvolved skin of @entity1 with @entity483 and skin from healthy volunteers. We also examined the correlation between the expression of these cytokines and the extent of total, type I, and type III collagen deposition. METHODS: We evaluated the expression of @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 by means of immunohistochemistry. Collagen deposition was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry and van Gieson staining. RESULTS: @entity2533 expression was markedly enhanced in both acute and particularly chronic lesions (P <.001). Although @entity4382 expression was significantly increased only in chronic lesions (P <.0001), @entity4155 was preferentially associated with acute lesions (P <.005). Although @entity1413 was not significantly different among the groups, type I collagen deposition was significantly increased in chronic @entity483 (P <.0005). There was a significant correlation between @entity4382 and type I collagen deposition, as well as the number of eosinophils in skin specimens from @entity1 with @entity483 (r (2) = 0.527, and r (2) = 0.622, respectively; P <.0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 are involved in the remodeling of @entity272 in @entity1 with @entity483 . However, @entity4382 and @entity4155 are preferentially expressed at different stages of the disease. Type I collagen appeared to be the major subtype involved in this repair process.

title: Polarized in vivo expression of @entity4382 and @entity4155 between acute and chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin lesions']


abstract: The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) contain the master circadian pacemaker in mammals. Generation and maintenance of circadian oscillations involve clock genes which interact to form transcriptional/translational loops and constitute the molecular basis of the clock. There is some evidence that the SCN clock can integrate variations in day length, i.e. photoperiod. However, the effects of photoperiod on clock-gene expression remain largely unknown. We here report the expression pattern of @entity72451 , @entity72452 , @entity72453 , @entity72454 , @entity72455 , @entity72456 and Clock genes in the SCN of @entity329 when kept under long (LP) and short (SP) photoperiods. Our data show that photoperiod differentially affects the expression of all clock genes studied. Among the components of the negative limb of the feedback loop, @entity72451 , @entity72452 , @entity72453 , @entity72455 but not @entity72454 genes show a shortened duration of their peak expression under SP compared with LP. Moreover, mRNA expression of @entity72451 , @entity72453 and @entity72454 are phase advanced in SP compared with LP. @entity72453 shows an mRNA peak of higher amplitude under SP conditions whereas @entity72451 and @entity72452 peak amplitudes are unaffected by photoperiod changes. @entity72456 expression is phase advanced without a change of duration in SP compared with LP. Furthermore, the expression of Clock is rhythmic under SP whereas no rhythm is observed under LP. These results, which provide further evidence that the core clock mechanisms of the SCN integrate photoperiod, are discussed in the context of the existing molecular model.

title: Photoperiod differentially regulates clock genes' expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamster']


abstract: Recently, an increased emphasis has been placed on the ability to make mass measurements with high accuracy and precision. The motivation for this is that high-precision mass measurements, together with isotope intensity matching, permit confirmation of molecular formulas and de novo molecular formula prediction, both of which enhance the value of proteomics and metabolomics data. The confidence of mass-based conclusions also depends on reliable estimates of uncertainty. However, determining the precision of a particular measurement remains a complicated process. For signals which are well-resolved and of sufficient intensity, an often-overlooked factor for high precision is the mass sampling frequency (abscissa, /\x). We have analyzed the impact of /\x on the centroid calculation of peak position, and find that existing quality standards, such as 4 or 5 samples per peak, may not be sufficient to achieve high precision. Time-domain and m/z-domain sampling frequency on @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) mass analyzers can be improved using a new method that we call @entity4270 ( @entity4270 ). @entity4270 allows very substantial improvements by decreasing /\x without requiring specialized hardware or digitizers. In addition to providing accuracy improvements, @entity4270 also dramatically improves signal-to-noise ratios by removing coherent noise. Software to perform @entity4270 data processing is available as part of the PySpecTools package.

title: Physical signal modulation of XXXX mass analyzers increases precision and decreases noise.

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'time-of-flight']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['Physical Signal Modulation', 'PSM']

answer: @entity1054 :: (MESH:D000377,Disease) :: ['time-of-flight']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether disease duration is an independent predictor of achieving remission in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 initiating therapy. METHODS: @entity309 @entity1 in the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America registry newly prescribed a nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) or anti-- @entity5 @entity39 factor (anti- @entity2874 ) with at least one followup visit were identified. Achievement of remission was defined using the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI; score  <=2.8) and 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28; score <2.6) at any followup visit within one year; sustained remission was defined as remission during any two successive visits. Likelihood of remission was examined through logistic regression based on 5-year increments of disease duration, adjusting for baseline covariates. RESULTS: Among the 1,646 nonbiologic DMARD initiators, CDAI remission occurred in 21.3% of those with  <=5 years of disease duration, 19.6% with 6-10 years, and 13.5% with >= 11 years (P < 0.001); sustained remission occurred in 10.2%, 8.8%, and 2.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). Results were similar among the 3,179 anti- @entity2874 initiators (CDAI remission in 22.3%, 17.7%, and 12.8%, respectively [P < 0.001]; CDAI sustained remission in 9.7%, 9.5%, and 4.2%, respectively [P < 0.001]). DAS28 results were similar in both groups. In adjusted analyses, an increase of disease duration by 5 years was associated with a reduced likelihood of CDAI remission in nonbiologic DMARD (odds ratio [OR] 0.91, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.83-0.99) and anti- @entity2874 initiators (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.94). A similar result was seen for sustained remission using the CDAI (nonbiologic DMARD: OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.48-0.76; anti- @entity2874 : OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.97). CONCLUSION: Earlier treatment was associated with a greater likelihood of remission.

title: Greater likelihood of remission in XXXX @entity1 treated earlier in the disease course: results from the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America registry.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether disease duration is an independent predictor of achieving remission in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 initiating therapy. METHODS: @entity309 @entity1 in the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America registry newly prescribed a nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) or anti-- @entity5 @entity39 factor (anti- @entity2874 ) with at least one followup visit were identified. Achievement of remission was defined using the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI; score  <=2.8) and 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28; score <2.6) at any followup visit within one year; sustained remission was defined as remission during any two successive visits. Likelihood of remission was examined through logistic regression based on 5-year increments of disease duration, adjusting for baseline covariates. RESULTS: Among the 1,646 nonbiologic DMARD initiators, CDAI remission occurred in 21.3% of those with  <=5 years of disease duration, 19.6% with 6-10 years, and 13.5% with >= 11 years (P < 0.001); sustained remission occurred in 10.2%, 8.8%, and 2.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). Results were similar among the 3,179 anti- @entity2874 initiators (CDAI remission in 22.3%, 17.7%, and 12.8%, respectively [P < 0.001]; CDAI sustained remission in 9.7%, 9.5%, and 4.2%, respectively [P < 0.001]). DAS28 results were similar in both groups. In adjusted analyses, an increase of disease duration by 5 years was associated with a reduced likelihood of CDAI remission in nonbiologic DMARD (odds ratio [OR] 0.91, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.83-0.99) and anti- @entity2874 initiators (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.94). A similar result was seen for sustained remission using the CDAI (nonbiologic DMARD: OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.48-0.76; anti- @entity2874 : OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.97). CONCLUSION: Earlier treatment was associated with a greater likelihood of remission.

title: Greater likelihood of remission in @entity309 XXXX treated earlier in the disease course: results from the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America registry.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the predictive ability of remission in terms of long-term disability in @entity1 with recent-onset @entity32 ( @entity32 ). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with early @entity32 , recruited between 1990 and 1994 (first cohort) and 2000 and 2004 (second cohort), were included in this study. Remission was defined as the absence of clinically detectable joint @entity32 on a 51-joint count. In additional analyses, less stringent definitions of remission were used based on the 40- and 28-joint counts. Remission was assessed at 1, 2, and 3 years after inclusion. A 5-year Health Assessment Questionnaire score >=  1 (moderate disability) was chosen as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: A total of 841 and 498 @entity1 from the first and second cohorts, respectively, completed 5 years of followup. In the first cohort, @entity1 with at least 1 episode of remission had lower odds of 5-year disability (odds ratio [OR] 0.26, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.17-0.41). The number of times in remission correlated with the odds of disability, with a mean decrease in the probability of disability of ~64% for each additional time point in remission (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.28-0.52). The time until first remission was not associated with functional disability. Remission according to less stringent criteria showed a weaker protection against future disability. Similar results were found in the second cohort. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity32 achieving a state of sustained remission early are less likely to show long-term deterioration of function compared with @entity1 who do not achieve remission. The most persistent remission under the most stringent definition of remission has the lowest probability of long-term disability.

title: Reduction of long-term disability in XXXX by early and persistent @entity32 : results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'inflammatory polyarthritis', 'inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory polyarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the predictive ability of remission in terms of long-term disability in @entity1 with recent-onset @entity32 ( @entity32 ). METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with early @entity32 , recruited between 1990 and 1994 (first cohort) and 2000 and 2004 (second cohort), were included in this study. Remission was defined as the absence of clinically detectable joint @entity32 on a 51-joint count. In additional analyses, less stringent definitions of remission were used based on the 40- and 28-joint counts. Remission was assessed at 1, 2, and 3 years after inclusion. A 5-year Health Assessment Questionnaire score >=  1 (moderate disability) was chosen as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: A total of 841 and 498 @entity1 from the first and second cohorts, respectively, completed 5 years of followup. In the first cohort, @entity1 with at least 1 episode of remission had lower odds of 5-year disability (odds ratio [OR] 0.26, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.17-0.41). The number of times in remission correlated with the odds of disability, with a mean decrease in the probability of disability of ~64% for each additional time point in remission (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.28-0.52). The time until first remission was not associated with functional disability. Remission according to less stringent criteria showed a weaker protection against future disability. Similar results were found in the second cohort. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity32 achieving a state of sustained remission early are less likely to show long-term deterioration of function compared with @entity1 who do not achieve remission. The most persistent remission under the most stringent definition of remission has the lowest probability of long-term disability.

title: Reduction of long-term disability in @entity32 by early and persistent XXXX : results from the Norfolk Arthritis Register.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['suppression of joint inflammation']


abstract: The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the status of @entity876 and possible mutations in @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) cell lines and @entity3852 tissue samples. The @entity876 mutations are common in different @entity5 origins but rare in MCCs detected so far. MCCs are highly aggressive @entity5 with an enhanced potential to metastasize. Until now, less is known about @entity3852 and new approaches to understand this disease are necessary. RNA and DNA were extracted from two @entity3852 cell lines and 27 archival paraffin-embedded @entity1 samples. After reverse transcription, a real-time PCR and a high-resolution melt analysis were carried out. In both @entity3852 cell lines, we could detect a @entity876 missense mutation at codon 193 (exon 6) with a change in @entity1522 ( @entity72457 ). This mutation was equal in both cell lines and was investigated in 27 tissue samples in succession to detect possible accounts for the aggressive behavior of MCCs. Unfortunately, no corresponding @entity876 mutation could be observed in the investigated tissue samples. A new @entity876 mutation was detected in @entity3852 cell lines. This mutation could not be determined in @entity1 ' samples. Therefore, the @entity146 of @entity3852 seems to be independent of @entity876 mutations and other mutations might be responsible for developing @entity3852 .

title: XXXX mutation is a rare event in Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma', 'MCC']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity72457 :: ('p|SUB|H||L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['His  >  Leu']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['P53']


abstract: @entity2861 is known to block cell metabolism and to change @entity972 conductances selectively in astrocytes. In a functional neuronal network with ongoing activity, we investigated the effects of such a blockade of the astrocytic metabolism by @entity2861 on neuronal signal propagation. Transverse 400- microm slices were prepared from the caudal medulla of @entity19 of postnatal day 3-8, which contained the hypoglossal nucleus receiving excitatory synaptic input from the ventral respiratory group. Propagation of excitation within this network was measured by optical imaging using the voltage-sensitive dye @entity72458 . A 464-element photodiode array allowed fast recordings of voltage changes within a small population of cells. The spatial and temporal resolution was advanced to 32 microm and 1.27 ms, respectively. Changes of cellular membrane potential levels were expressed as relative changes of fluorescence (DeltaI/I). Stimulus-evoked excitation of neurons propagating from the ventral respiratory group to the hypoglossal nucleus peaked after 7.2+/-0.6 ms ( n=6). The latency of this early excitatory response is consistent with the time course of stimulus-evoked EPSPs in whole-cell recordings. Mean changes of fluorescence in the hypoglossal nucleus were -2.1+/-0.5 x 10(-3) (DeltaI/I). After incubation in 1 mM @entity2861 , the early depolarization was reduced to 69.1+/-9.8% of control ( n=6, p=0.034). Additionally, @entity2861 induced a delayed excitatory response, such that fluorescence intensity did not return to baseline within 1s. Propagation velocity and spatial distribution of the voltage signal were not affected by @entity2861 . Our results suggest that blockade of astrocyte metabolism impairs fast synaptic transmission and induces a delayed excitation, probably resulting from the combination of reduced repolarization of neurons and persistent depolarization of astrocytes.

title: Blockade of astrocyte metabolism causes delayed excitation as revealed by voltage-sensitive dyes in XXXX brainstem slices.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2861 :: ('CHEBI:18172', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluoroacetate', 'fluoroacetate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cancer of unknown primary site is a @entity3 developed by the positive feedback loops of @entity5 forming extreme @entity5 . Such robustness occurs only in metastatic @entity5 or in @entity706 , @entity1582 , @entity6872 or @entity1778 . However, when it develops in @entity5 , @entity519 microenvironment generates positive feedback loops which hyperactivate @entity584 locus, forming extreme robustness that forcing @entity5 cells to migrate to the distant site, but @entity5 loosing that property or remains silent. Positive loops are the force and principal mechanism of @entity3 development. A @entity5 cell is converted normal cell. Conversion occurs at the @entity584 genomic locus. Thus, @entity5 is genomic disease rather than disease of the specific organs. Targeting such locus by the locus chemotherapy (redox balance change) rather than by organ specific therapy results in conversion of positive loops into negative and disappearance of extreme robustness and malignant phenotype of the @entity5 unknown primary origin. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX as Locus of Cancer Unknown Primary Site.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer robustness', 'cancer', 'primary cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['AKT']


abstract: Mechanisms of photo- and antioxidative protection, the extent of oxidative stress, and @entity3785 accumulation in leaves of Phillyrea angustifolia L. (Oleaceae) plants exposed to drought and recovery in Mediterranean field conditions were studied. The amounts of @entity1881 increased up to 4-fold and those of @entity7695 increased up to 3-fold at relative leaf water contents (RWCs) of ca. 60%, which caused up to 70% increases in the de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle (DPS). While @entity1881 increased further in severe drought, @entity7695 levels and DPS remained constant, @entity2066 decreased and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels increased at RWCs below 50%. Though this was associated with significant decreases in the maximum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry (F(v)/ F(m)), the same leaves that suffered from drought recovered after rainfalls, and similar @entity1865 levels and F(v)/ F(m) ratios to those observed before drought were attained. During recovery (i) the F(v)/ F(m) ratio and @entity2066 levels increased slowly, (ii) @entity1881 levels decreased sharply, to increase again, and (iii) @entity1865 levels in leaves increased to values 35% higher than those observed at maximum drought, and decreased later. @entity3785 (SA) levels showed a strong negative correlation (r(2)=0.857) with the RWC, and increased progressively up to 5-fold, during drought. During recovery, SA levels decreased, but remained slightly higher than those observed before drought. SA levels were positively correlated with those of @entity1881 during drought (r(2)=0.718), but not during recovery (r(2)=0.221). We conclude that (i) P. angustifolia plants activate several mechanisms of photo- and antioxidative protection to withstand drought stress during a Mediterranean summer, (ii) endogenous SA levels increase in leaves of drought-stressed plants, thus suggesting a role for SA in plant responses to drought, and (iii) plants suffer oxidative stress during recovery, and this stress is more severe as the previous drought is more intense.

title: Photo- and antioxidative protection, and a role for XXXX during drought and recovery in field-grown Phillyrea angustifolia plants.

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid', 'Salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity7695 :: ('MESH:C005881', 'Chemical') :: ['zeaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity3785 :: (MESH:D020156,Chemical) :: ['salicylic acid']


abstract: We investigated the gastrointestinal transit of liquids, as well as various gastric pH profiles, in fed @entity5434 . Twelve grams of a biscuit-type solid food were provided 1 h before the test. The @entity1443 method was used to determine the gastric half-emptying time (t(50%)), which provided an estimate of the gastric emptying rate. The gastric emptying rate of liquids was significantly reduced after food intake in monkeys. The mean t(50%) value was 143.5 min and comparable to that of @entity1 after eating. However, there was a large variability in the t(50%) between individual animals as shown by the coefficient of variance of approximately 80%. Next, the median oro-caecal transit time in fed monkeys was determined to be 1.8 h, using the @entity3378 - @entity27009 method. There was no significant difference in oro-caecal transit time between unfed and fed monkeys; thus, food intake has no significant effect on the oro-caecal transit time of liquids in either monkeys or @entity1 . However, the oro-caecal transit time in @entity1 is about 2 h longer than that in monkeys. Our experiments using several different foods suggested that the typical @entity1 gastric pH profile could not be simulated in fed monkeys.

title: Effect of food on gastrointestinal transit of liquids in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity27009 :: ('MESH:D013427', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfapyridine']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effect of intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) in the prevention of recurrence and progression of the superficial @entity150 . METHODS: Between February 1989 and May 1994, 170 @entity1 with histologically proven superficial transitional cell @entity150 stage Ta and T1 were assessed as eligible for 6-week + 6-month protocol of intravesical BCG instillation at the Split University Hospital. All @entity1 underwent complete transurethral resection of the @entity5 , which established @entity5 size, histology, stage, and absence of @entity11090 . Out of 170 @entity1 offered to receive intravesical BCG instillations, 80 agreed to undergo the treatment (BCG group), and 90 refused it (control group). The median duration of follow-up was 64 months (range, 16-128). RESULTS: The BCG group had lower incidence rates of recurrence (12 vs 26 events per 100 @entity1 -years in controls, p<0.001) and progression (3.0 vs 6.6 events per 100 @entity1 -years in controls, p=0.017, large-sample one-sample binomial test in both cases) than the control group, but similar mean intervals to first recurrence or progression. The 5-year recurrence-free rates were 55% in BCG @entity1 and 31% in controls, and in case of progression, 86% and 70%, respectively. Cox regression showed that the independent predictors of recurrence were @entity5 size (p<0.001), absence of BCG treatment (p=0.002), and @entity1 age (p=0.05). The single independent predictor of @entity5 progression was absence of BCG treatment, but only in case of @entity5 grade III (roughly doubling the relative risk of the event). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that BCG intravesical instillation, using 6 week + 6 month scheme, prevents against recurrence and progression of superficial @entity150 . This treatment should be especially advocated in @entity1 with advanced grade @entity5 , but the scheme remains to be evaluated against other BCG treatment schemes.

title: Immunoprophylactic intravesical application of bacillus Calmette-Guerin after transurethral resection of superficial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle invasion']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Clinically derived hypotheses regarding treatment engagement of families of @entity258 , @entity645 -positive, African American mothers are tested using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Predictors are baseline family relational factors (family support, mother's desire for involvement with family, and family hassles) and mother's history of @entity734 . The study examines a subsample of 49 mothers enrolled in a clinical trial testing the efficacy of @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ). @entity2383 is a family-based intervention intended to relieve and prevent @entity2673 associated with @entity645 / @entity791 . @entity1 in the subsample were randomly assigned to @entity2383 and attended at least two therapy sessions. Findings reveal that family relational factors predicted family treatment engagement (family support, p < .004; mother's desire for involvement with family, p < .008; family hassles, p < .027). Family support predicted family treatment engagement beyond the prediction provided by the other relational factors and the mother's own treatment engagement (p < .016). History of @entity734 was neither associated with family treatment engagement nor family support. Post hoc analyses revealed that family hassles (p < .003) and mother's desire for involvement with family (p < .018) were differentially related to family treatment engagement in low- versus high-support families. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.

title: Relational factors and family treatment engagement among XXXX , @entity645 -positive African American mothers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial distress']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance dependence']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['SET', 'Structural Ecosystems Therapy']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low-income']


abstract: Clinically derived hypotheses regarding treatment engagement of families of @entity258 , @entity645 -positive, African American mothers are tested using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Predictors are baseline family relational factors (family support, mother's desire for involvement with family, and family hassles) and mother's history of @entity734 . The study examines a subsample of 49 mothers enrolled in a clinical trial testing the efficacy of @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ). @entity2383 is a family-based intervention intended to relieve and prevent @entity2673 associated with @entity645 / @entity791 . @entity1 in the subsample were randomly assigned to @entity2383 and attended at least two therapy sessions. Findings reveal that family relational factors predicted family treatment engagement (family support, p < .004; mother's desire for involvement with family, p < .008; family hassles, p < .027). Family support predicted family treatment engagement beyond the prediction provided by the other relational factors and the mother's own treatment engagement (p < .016). History of @entity734 was neither associated with family treatment engagement nor family support. Post hoc analyses revealed that family hassles (p < .003) and mother's desire for involvement with family (p < .018) were differentially related to family treatment engagement in low- versus high-support families. Implications for clinical practice and future research are discussed.

title: Relational factors and family treatment engagement among @entity258 , XXXX -positive African American mothers.

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: The single-lead @entity262 ( @entity262 ) enables @entity2224 with only one lead in @entity1 with an @entity713 . There are some cases in which the atrial potential decreases after implantation of a @entity262 , making physiological pacing difficult. The mechanism of this decrease has not been elucidated yet. To elucidate the possible relationship between the decrease of the atrial potential after implantation of a @entity262 and histopathological changes of the atrium. We implanted a @entity262 from the jugular vein under anesthesia in 10 adult @entity235 . The tip of the pacing lead was fixed in the right ventricular apex of the heart under fluoroscopic guidance. Then, the lead was ligated and fixed to the jugular vein at a point where a favorable atrial potential was obtained. The end of the lead was passed from the neck to the back subcutaneously; then pulled outside and fixed there to measure the atrial potential. The atrial potential was measured using a pacing system analyzer under anesthesia on days 3 (n = 9) and 7 (n = 8), as well as on weeks 2 (n = 6), 3 (n = 4), and 4 (n = 3), after the implantation. The heart was removed from the @entity235 on day 3 (n = 2), day 7 (n = 2), week 2 (n = 2), and week 4 (n = 4) to examine the atrial histological findings. The atrial potential was 2.7 +/- 0.7 mV at the time of the implantation, 1.7 +/- 1.1 mV (P < 0.05) on day 3, and 1.7 +/- 0.7 mV on week 4 after the implantation. Macroscopically, the pacemaker lead was covered with @entity715 , and adhered to the atrial wall in 80% of animals. Microscopically, the endocardium was @entity1184 due to fibrous tissue; besides RBC extravasation, inflammatory cells infiltration and degeneration of myocardial cells, were observed under the endocardium. Inflammatory changes developed in the atrial wall after implantation of the @entity262 , and this seemed to be one of the mechanisms for the decrease of the atrial potential of the @entity262 .

title: Mechanism of decrease in the atrial potential after implantation of a single-lead VDD pacemaker: atrial histological changes after implantation of a VDD pacemaker lead in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['VDD pacemaker system', 'VDDPS']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial synchronous ventricular pacing']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing and identifying the specific injury pattern in @entity1 with @entity3031 . The hypothesis was that the sensitivity and specificity are low in @entity1 with @entity130 and/or @entity4269 tear. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 38 @entity1 (m:f  =  29:9, mean age      SD 34.3      14.0) with @entity3331 , who underwent 1.5 T MRI prior to surgery. MRI scans were analysed by a musculoskeletal radiologist, and the presence and type of tears to ligaments, tendons and meniscus or bone were recorded. Comparison was made with the intraoperative findings from the surgical records using the same reporting scheme. The agreement between MRI and surgical findings was assessed using kappa statistics, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity3031 , MRI was found to have low sensitivity (25-38  %) but high specificity (94-97  %) for diagnosing @entity130 . There was high sensitivity in the diagnosis of tears in the cruciate and collateral ligaments (97-100  %); the specificity, however, was lower (50-67  %). The diagnosis of @entity130 showed low sensitivity (36-56  %) and moderate specificity (69-83  %). CONCLUSIONS: MRI is a sensitive measure of cruciate and @entity130 in @entity3031 ; however, it does not reliably diagnose @entity130 or meniscus, and therefore, a higher index of suspicion is required during arthroscopy to prevent misdiagnosis which could affect long-term clinical outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, Level II.

title: How sensitive and specific is 1.5 Tesla MRI for diagnosing injuries in @entity1 with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic knee dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3031 :: ('MESH:D031221', 'Disease') :: ['acute knee dislocation', 'knee dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['posterolateral corner injury', 'injury to the posterolateral corner', 'meniscal injury', 'collateral ligament injury']

answer: @entity3031 :: (MESH:D031221,Disease) :: ['knee dislocation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing and identifying the specific injury pattern in @entity1 with @entity3031 . The hypothesis was that the sensitivity and specificity are low in @entity1 with @entity130 and/or @entity4269 tear. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 38 @entity1 (m:f  =  29:9, mean age      SD 34.3      14.0) with @entity3331 , who underwent 1.5 T MRI prior to surgery. MRI scans were analysed by a musculoskeletal radiologist, and the presence and type of tears to ligaments, tendons and meniscus or bone were recorded. Comparison was made with the intraoperative findings from the surgical records using the same reporting scheme. The agreement between MRI and surgical findings was assessed using kappa statistics, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity3031 , MRI was found to have low sensitivity (25-38  %) but high specificity (94-97  %) for diagnosing @entity130 . There was high sensitivity in the diagnosis of tears in the cruciate and collateral ligaments (97-100  %); the specificity, however, was lower (50-67  %). The diagnosis of @entity130 showed low sensitivity (36-56  %) and moderate specificity (69-83  %). CONCLUSIONS: MRI is a sensitive measure of cruciate and @entity130 in @entity3031 ; however, it does not reliably diagnose @entity130 or meniscus, and therefore, a higher index of suspicion is required during arthroscopy to prevent misdiagnosis which could affect long-term clinical outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, Level II.

title: How sensitive and specific is 1.5 Tesla MRI for diagnosing injuries in XXXX with @entity3031 ?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Anthropometric measurements, sixteen specific plasma proteins, @entity1674 , @entity165 , @entity1133 and @entity1011 were measured at 4-monthly intervals for 1 year in 15 @entity1 on CAPD. Delayed @entity56 skin tests were performed on 11 @entity1 at the start and after 4 and 12 months. Body weight increased due mainly to a mean increase in 'calculated' body fat of 2.0 kg with increases in @entity165 , @entity1674 and @entity755 . Gain in fat correlated with the daily supply of @entity413 in the dialysis fluid. Albumin, @entity69 , prealbumin and @entity904 -binding protein decreased in 8 @entity1 who intermittently ate less than 1.3 g protein/kg/day. A high concentration of @entity413 in the dialysis fluid probably caused @entity1277 . @entity298 resulted in increases in acute phase proteins although other plasma proteins decreased. Skin test responses indicated improvement in cell-mediated immunity during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The incidence of @entity298 and length of stay in hospital were greater in the @entity1 who were hypoalbuminaemic probably due to impairment of the humoral mechanism. @entity413 in dialysis fluid may contribute to hyperlipidaemia and @entity3147 with impairment of immunocompetence.

title: Nutrition and delayed XXXX during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in relation to @entity298 .

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis', 'Peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Dextrose', 'dextrose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: Anthropometric measurements, sixteen specific plasma proteins, @entity1674 , @entity165 , @entity1133 and @entity1011 were measured at 4-monthly intervals for 1 year in 15 @entity1 on CAPD. Delayed @entity56 skin tests were performed on 11 @entity1 at the start and after 4 and 12 months. Body weight increased due mainly to a mean increase in 'calculated' body fat of 2.0 kg with increases in @entity165 , @entity1674 and @entity755 . Gain in fat correlated with the daily supply of @entity413 in the dialysis fluid. Albumin, @entity69 , prealbumin and @entity904 -binding protein decreased in 8 @entity1 who intermittently ate less than 1.3 g protein/kg/day. A high concentration of @entity413 in the dialysis fluid probably caused @entity1277 . @entity298 resulted in increases in acute phase proteins although other plasma proteins decreased. Skin test responses indicated improvement in cell-mediated immunity during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The incidence of @entity298 and length of stay in hospital were greater in the @entity1 who were hypoalbuminaemic probably due to impairment of the humoral mechanism. @entity413 in dialysis fluid may contribute to hyperlipidaemia and @entity3147 with impairment of immunocompetence.

title: Nutrition and delayed @entity56 during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in relation to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of clinical records and radiologic imaging by 3 independent reviewers to assess the indication for surgical treatment with and without myelography and postmyelographic computed tomography (MCT). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether myelography and MCT obtained in addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) influence therapeutic decisions in @entity179 of the cervical spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: MRI has become the standard examination in @entity66 . The role of myelography and MCT is not clearly defined in the modern diagnostic setup. In many departments, they are used if MRI leaves some diagnostic uncertainty. It has not been examined yet whether additional myelography and MCT change therapeutic strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three investigators independently reviewed the anonymized clinical data and image files of 105 @entity1 who had all undergone MRI, myelography, and MCT. They determined their treatment decisions after each of 2 assessment rounds based on the following: (1) MRI and, if available, native CT, and plain radiographs. (2) Additional myelography and MCT. The intraobserver variability was the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Myelography and MCT had been performed in multilevel disease, recurrent complaints after surgery, or if MRI had not revealed a clear finding. The intraobserver variability was 26.3% and varied markedly between the 3 investigators (17%-41 %). It was the highest in cases of multilevel disease. If noninvasive imaging included native CT and plain radiographs, the intraobserver variability was significantly reduced to 10.3%. CONCLUSIONS: In unclear cases of @entity179 , particularly multilevel @entity850 , myelography and MCT add relevant information for therapeutic decisions in more than a quarter of the @entity1 in comparison with MRI as the sole diagnostic modality, and changes therapeutic strategies. However, a significant part of the information drawn out of myelography and MCT can be obtained by a completion of noninvasive examinations (native CT and radiographs).

title: Influence of Myelography and Postmyelographic CT on Therapeutic Decisions in XXXX of the Cervical Spine.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases', 'degenerative disorders of the cervical spine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal diseases']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Degenerative Diseases']


abstract: Anabolic agents represent an important new advance in the therapy of @entity170 . Their potential might be substantially greater than the anti-resorptives. Because the anti-resorptives and anabolic agents work by completely distinct mechanisms of action, it is possible that the combination of agents could be significantly more potent than either agent alone. Recent evidence suggests that a plateau in @entity1555 might occur after prolonged exposure to @entity461 . Anti-resorptive therapy during or after anabolic therapy might prevent this skeletal adaptation. Protocols to consider anabolic agents as intermittent recycling therapy would be of interest. Of all the anabolics, @entity461 is the most promising. However, there are unanswered questions about @entity461 . More studies are needed to document an anabolic effect on cortical bone. More large-scale studies are needed to further determine the reduction in nonvertebral fractures with @entity461 , especially at the hip. In the future, @entity461 is likely to be modified for easier and more targeted delivery. Oral or transdermal delivery systems may become available. Recently, Gowen et al have described an oral calcilytic molecule that antagonizes the parathyroid cell @entity460 receptor, thus stimulating the endogenous release of @entity461 . This approach could represent a novel endogenous delivery system for intermittent @entity461 administration. Rising expectations that anabolic therapies for @entity170 will soon play a major role in treating this disease are likely to fuel further studies and the development of even more novel approaches to therapy.

title: New anabolic therapies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Acute exacerbation (AE) is an important outcome of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) and @entity401 ( @entity401 ). Recombinant @entity1 soluble @entity9820 (rhTM) is a new drug for the treatment of disseminated @entity5642 in Japan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of rhTM for AE of @entity2416 / @entity401 . METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity16058 (16 @entity1 with @entity2416 and six @entity1 with @entity401 ) were enrolled in our study. Among them, eleven @entity1 were treated with rhTM (rhTM group), and eleven @entity1 were treated without rhTM (non-rhTM group). @entity1 admitted to our hospital prior to December 2013 were treated with rhTM, while those admitted after January 2014 were treated without rhTM. The primary endpoint was mortality at 90 days after AE treatment. The secondary endpoint was the safety of rhTM for AE- @entity2416 /AE- @entity401 . In addition, we examined prognostic factors of AE- @entity2416 /AE- @entity401 . RESULTS: The mortality rate was significantly lower in the rhTM group than in the non-rhTM group (mortality rate at 90 days: 36% vs 90%, P=0.023; median survival time: not reached vs 15.0 days, P=0.019). A univariate analysis revealed the respiratory rate (hazard ratio [HR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.18, P=0.039) and rhTM administration (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.77, P=0.013) as predictors of mortality at 90 days, and a multivariate analysis identified rhTM administration (HR 0.025, 95% CI 0.0006-0.94, P=0.046) as an independent predictor of mortality at 90 days. No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION: The administration of rhTM is associated with reductions in mortality in @entity1 with AE- @entity2416 / @entity401 , without causing adverse events.

title: Efficacy of @entity9820 for acute exacerbation of @entity2416 and XXXX : a nonrandomized prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16058 :: ('MESH:D054988', 'Disease') :: ['AE-idiopathic interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity9820 :: ('7056', 'Gene') :: ['thrombomodulin']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['nonspecific interstitial pneumonia', 'NSIP']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['nonspecific interstitial pneumonia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Acute exacerbation (AE) is an important outcome of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) and @entity401 ( @entity401 ). Recombinant @entity1 soluble @entity9820 (rhTM) is a new drug for the treatment of disseminated @entity5642 in Japan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of rhTM for AE of @entity2416 / @entity401 . METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity16058 (16 @entity1 with @entity2416 and six @entity1 with @entity401 ) were enrolled in our study. Among them, eleven @entity1 were treated with rhTM (rhTM group), and eleven @entity1 were treated without rhTM (non-rhTM group). @entity1 admitted to our hospital prior to December 2013 were treated with rhTM, while those admitted after January 2014 were treated without rhTM. The primary endpoint was mortality at 90 days after AE treatment. The secondary endpoint was the safety of rhTM for AE- @entity2416 /AE- @entity401 . In addition, we examined prognostic factors of AE- @entity2416 /AE- @entity401 . RESULTS: The mortality rate was significantly lower in the rhTM group than in the non-rhTM group (mortality rate at 90 days: 36% vs 90%, P=0.023; median survival time: not reached vs 15.0 days, P=0.019). A univariate analysis revealed the respiratory rate (hazard ratio [HR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.18, P=0.039) and rhTM administration (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.77, P=0.013) as predictors of mortality at 90 days, and a multivariate analysis identified rhTM administration (HR 0.025, 95% CI 0.0006-0.94, P=0.046) as an independent predictor of mortality at 90 days. No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION: The administration of rhTM is associated with reductions in mortality in @entity1 with AE- @entity2416 / @entity401 , without causing adverse events.

title: Efficacy of XXXX for acute exacerbation of @entity2416 and @entity401 : a nonrandomized prospective study.

answer: @entity9820 :: (7056,Gene) :: ['thrombomodulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Acute exacerbation (AE) is an important outcome of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) and @entity401 ( @entity401 ). Recombinant @entity1 soluble @entity9820 (rhTM) is a new drug for the treatment of disseminated @entity5642 in Japan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of rhTM for AE of @entity2416 / @entity401 . METHODS: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity16058 (16 @entity1 with @entity2416 and six @entity1 with @entity401 ) were enrolled in our study. Among them, eleven @entity1 were treated with rhTM (rhTM group), and eleven @entity1 were treated without rhTM (non-rhTM group). @entity1 admitted to our hospital prior to December 2013 were treated with rhTM, while those admitted after January 2014 were treated without rhTM. The primary endpoint was mortality at 90 days after AE treatment. The secondary endpoint was the safety of rhTM for AE- @entity2416 /AE- @entity401 . In addition, we examined prognostic factors of AE- @entity2416 /AE- @entity401 . RESULTS: The mortality rate was significantly lower in the rhTM group than in the non-rhTM group (mortality rate at 90 days: 36% vs 90%, P=0.023; median survival time: not reached vs 15.0 days, P=0.019). A univariate analysis revealed the respiratory rate (hazard ratio [HR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.18, P=0.039) and rhTM administration (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.77, P=0.013) as predictors of mortality at 90 days, and a multivariate analysis identified rhTM administration (HR 0.025, 95% CI 0.0006-0.94, P=0.046) as an independent predictor of mortality at 90 days. No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION: The administration of rhTM is associated with reductions in mortality in @entity1 with AE- @entity2416 / @entity401 , without causing adverse events.

title: Efficacy of @entity9820 for acute exacerbation of XXXX and @entity401 : a nonrandomized prospective study.

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We have recently shown that, in @entity1 with @entity323 ( @entity323 ), free @entity251 (FT) directly correlates with penile arterial inflow. This led us to further investigate the effect(s) of @entity342 administration on cavernous arteries in @entity1 failing @entity7855 treatment. DESIGN: Prospective randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. @entity1 : Twenty @entity1 with arteriogenic @entity323 as evaluated by dynamic colour duplex ultrasound ( @entity72459 ) studies, normal sexual desire but @entity251 (T) and FT in the lower quartile of normal range (low-normal), not responding to @entity7855 treatment (100 mg) on six consecutive attempts. MEASUREMENTS: All @entity1 had @entity72459 , hormonal [LH, @entity1486 (PSA), total and free @entity251 , @entity443 ( @entity443 ), @entity53 ], biochemical [haematocrit, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL @entity165 , @entity1674 ], and sexual evaluations [International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)] before and after 1 month of therapy with transdermal @entity251 (5 mg/day, n = 10) or placebo along with @entity7855 treatment on demand. Measurement of flow parameters by @entity72459 on cavernous arteries was the primary endpoint of the study. Improvement of erectile function was assessed using the IIEF questionnaire and the Global Assessment Question (GAQ). RESULTS: One month treatment with transdermal @entity251 led to a significant increase in T and FT levels (23.7 +/- 3.3 SD vs. 12.8 +/- 2.1 nmol/l and 473 +/- 40.2 vs. 260 +/- 18.1 pmol/l, P < 0.01, respectively). In addition @entity251 administration induced a significant increase in arterial inflow to cavernous arteries measured by @entity72459 (32 +/- 3.6 vs. 25.2 +/- 4 cm/s, P < 0.05), with no adverse effects. Also, a significant improvement in erectile function domain score at IIEF was found in the @entity342 but not in the placebo-treated @entity1 (21.8 +/- 2.1 vs. 14.4 +/- 1.4, P < 0.05) which was associated with significant changes in the GAQ score (80%vs. 10%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with arteriogenic @entity323 and low-normal @entity342 levels, short-term @entity251 administration increases T and FT levels and improves the erectile response to @entity7855 likely by increasing arterial inflow to the penis during sexual stimulation.

title: Androgens improve cavernous vasodilation and response to @entity7855 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding protein', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We have recently shown that, in @entity1 with @entity323 ( @entity323 ), free @entity251 (FT) directly correlates with penile arterial inflow. This led us to further investigate the effect(s) of @entity342 administration on cavernous arteries in @entity1 failing @entity7855 treatment. DESIGN: Prospective randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. @entity1 : Twenty @entity1 with arteriogenic @entity323 as evaluated by dynamic colour duplex ultrasound ( @entity72459 ) studies, normal sexual desire but @entity251 (T) and FT in the lower quartile of normal range (low-normal), not responding to @entity7855 treatment (100 mg) on six consecutive attempts. MEASUREMENTS: All @entity1 had @entity72459 , hormonal [LH, @entity1486 (PSA), total and free @entity251 , @entity443 ( @entity443 ), @entity53 ], biochemical [haematocrit, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL @entity165 , @entity1674 ], and sexual evaluations [International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)] before and after 1 month of therapy with transdermal @entity251 (5 mg/day, n = 10) or placebo along with @entity7855 treatment on demand. Measurement of flow parameters by @entity72459 on cavernous arteries was the primary endpoint of the study. Improvement of erectile function was assessed using the IIEF questionnaire and the Global Assessment Question (GAQ). RESULTS: One month treatment with transdermal @entity251 led to a significant increase in T and FT levels (23.7 +/- 3.3 SD vs. 12.8 +/- 2.1 nmol/l and 473 +/- 40.2 vs. 260 +/- 18.1 pmol/l, P < 0.01, respectively). In addition @entity251 administration induced a significant increase in arterial inflow to cavernous arteries measured by @entity72459 (32 +/- 3.6 vs. 25.2 +/- 4 cm/s, P < 0.05), with no adverse effects. Also, a significant improvement in erectile function domain score at IIEF was found in the @entity342 but not in the placebo-treated @entity1 (21.8 +/- 2.1 vs. 14.4 +/- 1.4, P < 0.05) which was associated with significant changes in the GAQ score (80%vs. 10%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with arteriogenic @entity323 and low-normal @entity342 levels, short-term @entity251 administration increases T and FT levels and improves the erectile response to @entity7855 likely by increasing arterial inflow to the penis during sexual stimulation.

title: Androgens improve cavernous vasodilation and response to XXXX in @entity1 with @entity323 .

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['sildenafil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We have recently shown that, in @entity1 with @entity323 ( @entity323 ), free @entity251 (FT) directly correlates with penile arterial inflow. This led us to further investigate the effect(s) of @entity342 administration on cavernous arteries in @entity1 failing @entity7855 treatment. DESIGN: Prospective randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. @entity1 : Twenty @entity1 with arteriogenic @entity323 as evaluated by dynamic colour duplex ultrasound ( @entity72459 ) studies, normal sexual desire but @entity251 (T) and FT in the lower quartile of normal range (low-normal), not responding to @entity7855 treatment (100 mg) on six consecutive attempts. MEASUREMENTS: All @entity1 had @entity72459 , hormonal [LH, @entity1486 (PSA), total and free @entity251 , @entity443 ( @entity443 ), @entity53 ], biochemical [haematocrit, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL @entity165 , @entity1674 ], and sexual evaluations [International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF)] before and after 1 month of therapy with transdermal @entity251 (5 mg/day, n = 10) or placebo along with @entity7855 treatment on demand. Measurement of flow parameters by @entity72459 on cavernous arteries was the primary endpoint of the study. Improvement of erectile function was assessed using the IIEF questionnaire and the Global Assessment Question (GAQ). RESULTS: One month treatment with transdermal @entity251 led to a significant increase in T and FT levels (23.7 +/- 3.3 SD vs. 12.8 +/- 2.1 nmol/l and 473 +/- 40.2 vs. 260 +/- 18.1 pmol/l, P < 0.01, respectively). In addition @entity251 administration induced a significant increase in arterial inflow to cavernous arteries measured by @entity72459 (32 +/- 3.6 vs. 25.2 +/- 4 cm/s, P < 0.05), with no adverse effects. Also, a significant improvement in erectile function domain score at IIEF was found in the @entity342 but not in the placebo-treated @entity1 (21.8 +/- 2.1 vs. 14.4 +/- 1.4, P < 0.05) which was associated with significant changes in the GAQ score (80%vs. 10%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with arteriogenic @entity323 and low-normal @entity342 levels, short-term @entity251 administration increases T and FT levels and improves the erectile response to @entity7855 likely by increasing arterial inflow to the penis during sexual stimulation.

title: Androgens improve cavernous vasodilation and response to @entity7855 in XXXX with @entity323 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity296 presenting with @entity712 is a true diagnostic and treatment challenge. Goal oriented clinical management aims at the relapse of @entity1002 . A 35-year-old @entity1 on her 12th day post-delivery presents progressive signs of @entity712 . Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe @entity339 , mild @entity1002 , mild @entity997 , severe @entity120 , and right @entity1283 . With wet and cold @entity712 signs, the @entity1 was a candidate for inodilator cardiovascular support and volume depletion therapy. As the @entity1 presented a persistent @entity591 at rest, @entity6759 was chosen over @entity452 . @entity6759 was administered at a dose of 0.2   g/kg/min during a period of 24 hours. After inodilator therapy, the @entity1 's signs and symptoms of @entity712 began to decrease, showing improvement of @entity1353 , mitral murmur grade went from IV/IV to II/IV, filling pressures and systemic and pulmonary resistance indexes decreased, arterial blood gases improved, and an echocardiography performed 72 h later showed @entity384 , mild @entity299 , mild @entity339 and improvement of @entity120 . Cardiovascular function in peripartum @entity296 tends to go back to normality in 23-41% of the cases, but in a large group of @entity1 , severe @entity409 remains months after initial symptoms. This article describes the diagnostic process of a @entity1 with peripartum @entity296 and a successful reversion of a severe case of @entity339 using @entity6759 as a new therapeutic strategy in this clinical context.

title: Reversion of Severe @entity339 in XXXX Using @entity6759 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'Idiopathic peripartum cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency, type I diastolic dysfunction', 'mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['atrial enlargement']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['non-dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity6759 :: ('MESH:C076731', 'Chemical') :: ['Levosimendan', 'levosimendan']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Peripartum Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity296 presenting with @entity712 is a true diagnostic and treatment challenge. Goal oriented clinical management aims at the relapse of @entity1002 . A 35-year-old @entity1 on her 12th day post-delivery presents progressive signs of @entity712 . Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe @entity339 , mild @entity1002 , mild @entity997 , severe @entity120 , and right @entity1283 . With wet and cold @entity712 signs, the @entity1 was a candidate for inodilator cardiovascular support and volume depletion therapy. As the @entity1 presented a persistent @entity591 at rest, @entity6759 was chosen over @entity452 . @entity6759 was administered at a dose of 0.2   g/kg/min during a period of 24 hours. After inodilator therapy, the @entity1 's signs and symptoms of @entity712 began to decrease, showing improvement of @entity1353 , mitral murmur grade went from IV/IV to II/IV, filling pressures and systemic and pulmonary resistance indexes decreased, arterial blood gases improved, and an echocardiography performed 72 h later showed @entity384 , mild @entity299 , mild @entity339 and improvement of @entity120 . Cardiovascular function in peripartum @entity296 tends to go back to normality in 23-41% of the cases, but in a large group of @entity1 , severe @entity409 remains months after initial symptoms. This article describes the diagnostic process of a @entity1 with peripartum @entity296 and a successful reversion of a severe case of @entity339 using @entity6759 as a new therapeutic strategy in this clinical context.

title: Reversion of Severe XXXX in @entity296 Using @entity6759 .

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Mitral Insufficiency']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity296 presenting with @entity712 is a true diagnostic and treatment challenge. Goal oriented clinical management aims at the relapse of @entity1002 . A 35-year-old @entity1 on her 12th day post-delivery presents progressive signs of @entity712 . Transthoracic echocardiography showed severe @entity339 , mild @entity1002 , mild @entity997 , severe @entity120 , and right @entity1283 . With wet and cold @entity712 signs, the @entity1 was a candidate for inodilator cardiovascular support and volume depletion therapy. As the @entity1 presented a persistent @entity591 at rest, @entity6759 was chosen over @entity452 . @entity6759 was administered at a dose of 0.2   g/kg/min during a period of 24 hours. After inodilator therapy, the @entity1 's signs and symptoms of @entity712 began to decrease, showing improvement of @entity1353 , mitral murmur grade went from IV/IV to II/IV, filling pressures and systemic and pulmonary resistance indexes decreased, arterial blood gases improved, and an echocardiography performed 72 h later showed @entity384 , mild @entity299 , mild @entity339 and improvement of @entity120 . Cardiovascular function in peripartum @entity296 tends to go back to normality in 23-41% of the cases, but in a large group of @entity1 , severe @entity409 remains months after initial symptoms. This article describes the diagnostic process of a @entity1 with peripartum @entity296 and a successful reversion of a severe case of @entity339 using @entity6759 as a new therapeutic strategy in this clinical context.

title: Reversion of Severe @entity339 in @entity296 Using XXXX .

answer: @entity6759 :: (MESH:C076731,Chemical) :: ['Levosimendan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Urolume endourethral self-expandable metallic stent (American Medical Systems, MI, USA) in treating @entity3832 , based on a follow-up of> 10 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between November 1989 and June 1990, the Urolume stent was inserted into 15 @entity1 (aged 25-77 years) who had recurrent @entity3832 . The mean duration of stricture before stent insertion was 10.9 years. The @entity1 (all @entity1 ) were followed using a questionnaire and uroflowmetry, and if necessary, retrograde cysto-urethrography and/or urethroscopy and/or X-ray urodynamics. RESULTS: Two failures were caused by excessive tissue proliferation in the stent, which ended in stent removal or a suprapubic catheter. Another two stents were removed because of discomfort or @entity158 . Two @entity1 developed @entity850 in the stent after 7 and 9 years. In the final evaluation only two of the 15 @entity1 were satisfied with their stent. The mean maximum urinary flow rate at the last follow-up was 15 mL/s, and half the @entity1 noted 'stent' @entity322 . Lower @entity293 , urge and stress @entity322 , and discomfort with ejaculation, were all symptoms perceived at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: The long-term results of the Urolume stent in this study weaken the optimistic early results. Only two of the 15 @entity1 were satisfied with their stent.

title: Self-expanding stent insertion for XXXX : a 10-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral strictures']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity3832 :: (MESH:D014525,Disease) :: ['urethral strictures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3918 type 1 ( @entity6045 ) is multisystem disease arising from mutant CTG expansion in the non-translating region of the @entity3918 protein kinase gene. While @entity6045 is the most common adult @entity3986 , with a worldwide prevalence of one in eight thousand, age of onset varies from before birth to adulthood. There is a broad spectrum of clinical severity, ranging from mild to severe, which correlates with number of DNA repeats. Importantly, the early clinical manifestations and management in congenital and childhood @entity6045 differ from classic adult @entity6045 . In neonates and @entity1 , @entity6045 predominantly affects muscle strength, cognition, @entity344 . @entity25 are often under recognised yet a significant morbidity. No effective disease modifying treatment is currently available and neonates and @entity1 with @entity6045 may experience severe physical and @entity717 , which may be life limiting in the most severe forms. Management is currently supportive, incorporating regular surveillance and treatment of manifestations. Novel therapies, which target the gene and the pathogenic mechanism of abnormal splicing are emerging. Genetic counselling is critical in this @entity74 with variable penetrance and potential maternal anticipation, as is assisting with family planning and undertaking cascade testing to instigate health surveillance in affected family members. This review incorporates discussion of the clinical manifestations and management of congenital and childhood @entity6045 , with a particular focus on @entity2147 and @entity25 . In addition, the molecular genetics, mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and development of novel treatment strategies in @entity6045 will be summarised.

title: Congenital and childhood XXXX : Current aspects of disease and future directions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory, central nervous and gastrointestinal systems']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnolence']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['Myotonic dystrophy', 'dystrophia myotonica']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disorders', 'sleep disorders']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['myotonic dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 -related @entity341 are frequent and potentially life-threatening. A study was performed to obtain reliable data about the prevalence of @entity6 and to improve the quality of prehospital care of @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: A prospective population-based study in a German emergency medical service district in the period from 1997 to 2000 was conducted. After initial @entity6 training for the entire emergency team, a standardized protocol was introduced for prehospital emergency therapy of severe hypoglycaemia (SH) and severe @entity74 . A rapid blood @entity413 test was performed on all emergency @entity1 with the exception of resuscitations and @entity204 . Indicators of treatment quality before and after these interventions were compared. RESULTS: A rapid blood @entity413 test was performed in 6631 (85%) of the 7804 @entity341 that occurred during the period investigated. The prevalence of acute @entity6 complications was 3.1%, and 213 cases of SH and 29 severe @entity74 were recorded. Education of the emergency team led to a significant improvement in the quality of treatment. Larger volumes of iv 40% @entity413 solution (50 +/- 20 ml (1997-2000) vs. 25 +/- 17 ml (1993-96); P < 0.0001) were administered to @entity1 with SH. Insulin-treated @entity1 who were well educated about their @entity6 were more often treated only at the emergency scene, after SH (25% vs. 8%; P = 0.007), and without complications. In 50 @entity1 who experienced @entity4136 -induced SH, the mandatory additional @entity413 infusions and hospitalization for further observation reduced mortality from 4.9% to 0% (P = 0.2). CONCLUSION: Training of the emergency team is an effective and efficient intervention to improve quality of treatment and prognosis outcome for @entity1 with @entity6 . Treatment of SH at the emergency scene only was demonstrated to be safe in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 who had previously received structured @entity1 education.

title: Prehospital management of XXXX --a population-based intervention study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes-related emergencies', 'diabetic emergencies', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycaemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic emergencies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the risk of adverse outcome after contemporary surgical treatment of @entity1 with unruptured @entity438 in the United States. @entity1 , surgeon, and hospital characteristics were tested as potential outcome predictors, with particular attention to the surgeon's and hospital's volume of care. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study with the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1996 to 2000. Multivariate logistic and ordinal regression analyses were performed with endpoints of mortality, discharge other than to home, length of stay, and total hospital charges. RESULTS: We identified 3498 @entity1 who were treated at 463 hospitals, and we identified 585 surgeons in the database. Of all @entity1 , 2.1% died, 3.3% were discharged to skilled-nursing facilities, and 12.8% were discharged to other facilities. The analysis adjusted for age, sex, race, primary payer, four variables measuring acuity of treatment and medical comorbidity, and five variables indicating symptoms and signs. The statistics for median annual number of @entity439 treated were eight per hospital and three per surgeon. High-volume hospitals had fewer adverse outcomes than hospitals that handled comparatively fewer @entity439 : discharge other than to home occurred after 15.6% of operations at high-volume hospitals (20 or more cases/yr) compared with 23.8% at low-volume hospitals (fewer than 4 cases/yr) (P = 0.002). High surgeon volume had a similar effect (15.3 versus 20.6%, P = 0.004). Mortality was lower at high-volume hospitals (1.6 versus 2.2%) than at hospitals that handled comparatively fewer @entity439 , but not significantly so. @entity1 treated by high-volume surgeons had fewer @entity16 (P = 0.04). Length of stay was not related to hospital volume. Charges were slightly higher at high-volume hospitals, partly because arteriography was performed more frequently than at hospitals that handled comparatively fewer @entity439 . CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with @entity439 who were treated in the United States between 1996 and 2000, surgery performed at high-volume institutions or by high-volume surgeons was associated with significantly lower morbidity and modestly lower mortality.

title: In-hospital mortality and morbidity after surgical treatment of unruptured XXXX in the United States, 1996-2000: the effect of hospital and surgeon volume.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']