abstract: PURPOSE: Sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) signaling is critical to embryogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. We aimed to examine the role of @entity4851 signaling in the response to radiation of @entity1 @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Response to ionizing @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) was evaluated by clonogenic assay. Quantitative @entity1161 -polymerase chain reaction for @entity2750 ( @entity2750 ) expression was performed. Cytosolic accumulation of @entity4851 and nuclear translocation of @entity8889 were assessed by immunofluorescence. @entity8889 knockdown was done by RNA interference (RNAi). Immunoprecipitation was performed to detect @entity4851 ligand in conditioned medium. Immunofluorescent stain for y-H2AX was used as an index of DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Expression of proteins related to DNA damage repair was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS: We found that @entity4851 ligand could protect @entity1 @entity157 HA22T and Sk-Hep1 cells against @entity1161 . In HA22T cells, @entity4851 ligand activated the @entity4851 signaling with upregulation of @entity4851 , @entity2750 , and @entity8889 expression. The nuclear translocation of @entity8889 further supports the activation of @entity8889 . The radioprotection by @entity4851 ligand was partly blocked by @entity4851 antibody neutralization and was abolished by @entity8889 RNAi, suggesting a critical role of @entity4851 signaling in radiation resistance. Furthermore, we noted that soluble factors secreted into conditioned medium, either constitutively or responding to radiation, by HA22T or Sk-Hep1 cells protected subsequent culturing cells against @entity1161 . Immunoprecipitation shows the presence of @entity4851 peptide in conditioned medium. Intriguingly, antibody neutralization of @entity4851 ligand or knockdown of @entity8889 reversed the radioprotective effect of conditioned medium. Furthermore, @entity4851 ligand reduced the @entity1161 -induced phosphorylation of @entity23902 and impaired the repair of DNA DSB. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of @entity4851 signaling protects @entity157 cells against ionizing radiation in an autocrine manner. Impairment of DNA damage repair might involve mechanism of @entity4851 -induced radioresistance. Targeting @entity4851 signaling pathway may be a novel strategy to enhance the radioresponse of @entity1 @entity157 cells.

title: Sonic hedgehog signaling protects XXXX @entity157 cells against ionizing radiation in an autocrine manner.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome, tolerance, and @entity137 of stereotactic body radiotherapy, using image-guided robotic radiation delivery, for the treatment of @entity1 with unresectable liver @entity3 . METHODS AND MATERIAL: @entity1 were treated with real-time respiratory tracking between July 2007 and April 2009. Their records were retrospectively reviewed. Metastases from @entity14 and other primaries were not necessarily confined to liver. @entity137 was evaluated using National Cancer Institute Common Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 with 62 @entity3 were treated with two dose levels of 40 Gy in four Dose per Fraction (23) and 45 Gy in three Dose per Fraction (13). Median follow-up was 14.3 months (range, 3-23 months). Actuarial local control for 1 and 2 years was 90% and 86%, respectively. At last follow-up, 41 (66%) complete responses and eight (13%) partial responses were observed. Five lesions were stable. Nine lesions (13%) were locally progressed. Overall survival was 94% at 1 year and 48% at 2 years. The most common @entity137 was Grade 1 or 2 @entity390 . One @entity1 experienced Grade 3 epidermitis. The dose level did not significantly contribute to the outcome, @entity137 , or survival. CONCLUSION: Image-guided robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy is feasible, safe, and effective, with encouraging local control. It provides a strong alternative for @entity1 who cannot undergo surgery.

title: Image-guided robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver XXXX : is there a dose response relationship?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of oral @entity396 administered to facilitate tandem application to the cervix as a part of brachytherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity5 who had been planned to undergo brachytherapy at Dr. L  tfi K  rdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital were evaluated in a double-blind, prospective, randomized trial. @entity1 were divided randomly into two groups of 40 @entity1 . The first and second groups received 400  g of @entity396 orally and placebo, respectively, 3 h before tandem application. The two groups were compared in terms of age, diameter of @entity5 , parity, age at first intercourse, amount of @entity548 and @entity158 at first tandem application, length of endometrial cavity measured by hysterometer, and size of Hegar dilators used for cervical dilatation. RESULTS: Of all cases, 63.6%, 16.3%, 10%, 6.3%, 2.5%, and 1.3% were Stage IIB, IIIB, IIIA, @entity3480 , IIA and IIC, respectively. Mean (  SD) age (range) was 49.3    13.1 (25-83) years and 56.6    13.2 (30-78) years in the study and control groups, respectively (p = 0.015). Age at first intercourse, diameter of @entity5 , parity, amount of @entity548 at first tandem application, and length of endometrial cavity measured by hysterometer were not significantly different between the two groups. @entity158 score was significantly higher in the control group (p < 0.001). Application was significantly easier in the study group compared with controls (p < 0.001). Average size of initial Hegar dilators used for cervical dilatation was significantly higher in the study group compared with controls (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity396 400  g orally for cervical ripening before tandem application facilitates the procedure, increases @entity1 tolerability and comfort, and may decrease complication rates.

title: Randomized trial of oral @entity396 treatment for cervical ripening before tandem application in cervix XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of oral @entity396 administered to facilitate tandem application to the cervix as a part of brachytherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity5 who had been planned to undergo brachytherapy at Dr. L  tfi K  rdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital were evaluated in a double-blind, prospective, randomized trial. @entity1 were divided randomly into two groups of 40 @entity1 . The first and second groups received 400  g of @entity396 orally and placebo, respectively, 3 h before tandem application. The two groups were compared in terms of age, diameter of @entity5 , parity, age at first intercourse, amount of @entity548 and @entity158 at first tandem application, length of endometrial cavity measured by hysterometer, and size of Hegar dilators used for cervical dilatation. RESULTS: Of all cases, 63.6%, 16.3%, 10%, 6.3%, 2.5%, and 1.3% were Stage IIB, IIIB, IIIA, @entity3480 , IIA and IIC, respectively. Mean (  SD) age (range) was 49.3    13.1 (25-83) years and 56.6    13.2 (30-78) years in the study and control groups, respectively (p = 0.015). Age at first intercourse, diameter of @entity5 , parity, amount of @entity548 at first tandem application, and length of endometrial cavity measured by hysterometer were not significantly different between the two groups. @entity158 score was significantly higher in the control group (p < 0.001). Application was significantly easier in the study group compared with controls (p < 0.001). Average size of initial Hegar dilators used for cervical dilatation was significantly higher in the study group compared with controls (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity396 400  g orally for cervical ripening before tandem application facilitates the procedure, increases @entity1 tolerability and comfort, and may decrease complication rates.

title: Randomized trial of oral XXXX treatment for cervical ripening before tandem application in cervix @entity5 .

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques demonstrated diffuse bilateral temporal and extra-temporal @entity62 in @entity1 presenting mesial @entity1315 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ). The aim of this study was to assess these diffusion changes following temporal lobe surgery, by applying a novel voxel-based tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) technique for whole-brain analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Second, region-of-interest analysis (ROI) was performed to improve statistical power. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 22 @entity1 with unilateral @entity131 . Twelve @entity1 underwent temporal lobe surgery. Follow up MRI was done in a mean interval of 4 months. Voxelwise pre-operative FA asymmetry in all 22 @entity1 was assessed within subjects between lesional and contralateral hemispheres. The whole-brain post-operative dataset of 10 @entity410 -free @entity1 was compared with the corresponding pre-operative dataset using voxel-wise statistical analysis. Additionally, regional analysis at the fornices was done with skeleton-based region of interest (SROI). RESULTS: Within a mean interval time of 6.3 months after surgery, 10 of 12 @entity1 were @entity410 free (83.3%). The voxelwise comparison between lesional and contralateral hemispheres was consistent with previous studies showing a more widespread diffusion alteration in the lesional hemisphere. Voxel-wise comparison between post and pre-operative dataset did not show supra-thresholded voxels. SROI statistical analysis showed significant decrease in FA and increase in @entity1893 in the ipsilateral fornix. Significant increase in FA was observed in the contralateral fornix after surgery. CONCLUSION: The ipsi-lesional fornix showed decreased FA and increased @entity1893 after surgery, consistent with @entity6441 . In contrast, contra-lesional fornix demonstrated increase in FA. This observation is important for our understanding of the fate of the remaining brain tissue following removal of an @entity302 focus. Postoperative increase in FA may reflect structural reorganization in response to @entity302 surgery. The discrepancy between SROI and voxelwise statistics emphasizes the difference of statistical sensitivity between voxelwise and ROI analyses.

title: Diffusion tensor imaging analysis with tract-based spatial statistics of the XXXX after @entity302 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of white matter']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white matter abnormalities']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) techniques demonstrated diffuse bilateral temporal and extra-temporal @entity62 in @entity1 presenting mesial @entity1315 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ). The aim of this study was to assess these diffusion changes following temporal lobe surgery, by applying a novel voxel-based tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) technique for whole-brain analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Second, region-of-interest analysis (ROI) was performed to improve statistical power. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 22 @entity1 with unilateral @entity131 . Twelve @entity1 underwent temporal lobe surgery. Follow up MRI was done in a mean interval of 4 months. Voxelwise pre-operative FA asymmetry in all 22 @entity1 was assessed within subjects between lesional and contralateral hemispheres. The whole-brain post-operative dataset of 10 @entity410 -free @entity1 was compared with the corresponding pre-operative dataset using voxel-wise statistical analysis. Additionally, regional analysis at the fornices was done with skeleton-based region of interest (SROI). RESULTS: Within a mean interval time of 6.3 months after surgery, 10 of 12 @entity1 were @entity410 free (83.3%). The voxelwise comparison between lesional and contralateral hemispheres was consistent with previous studies showing a more widespread diffusion alteration in the lesional hemisphere. Voxel-wise comparison between post and pre-operative dataset did not show supra-thresholded voxels. SROI statistical analysis showed significant decrease in FA and increase in @entity1893 in the ipsilateral fornix. Significant increase in FA was observed in the contralateral fornix after surgery. CONCLUSION: The ipsi-lesional fornix showed decreased FA and increased @entity1893 after surgery, consistent with @entity6441 . In contrast, contra-lesional fornix demonstrated increase in FA. This observation is important for our understanding of the fate of the remaining brain tissue following removal of an @entity302 focus. Postoperative increase in FA may reflect structural reorganization in response to @entity302 surgery. The discrepancy between SROI and voxelwise statistics emphasizes the difference of statistical sensitivity between voxelwise and ROI analyses.

title: Diffusion tensor imaging analysis with tract-based spatial statistics of the @entity62 after XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity303 symptoms (cognitive function, daily-living function, and @entity146 ) become more serious over time, which is likely to increase caregiver burden. The aim of this study is to investigate which @entity303 -related symptoms, and how the progression of these symptoms, have influenced caregiver burden during a 1-year follow-up assessment. METHODS: A total of 110 @entity1 with @entity303 were assessed for their cognitive function, daily-living function, and @entity146 . Caregivers were assessed for their caregiver burden. Bivariate analyses were conducted between caregiver burden and @entity303 @entity1 ' symptoms, in order to examine which particular symptoms were significantly associated with caregiver burden at the baseline. A multiple regression analysis was then conducted with each significantly associated variable with a view to identifying determinants, influencing caregiver burden. Additionally, bivariate analyses were conducted between the changes in caregiver burden and the changes in @entity1 ' symptoms, to investigate which @entity1 variable could best describe caregiver burden from baseline to the 1-year follow-up. A multiple regression analysis was conducted with each significantly-associated change in symptom, in order to identify determinants that influence a change in caregiver burden. RESULTS: Neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as @entity146 , aberrant motor-behavior, delusions and @entity4943 were found to be significant predictors of caregiver burden at baseline, according to multiple regression analysis. In addition, changes in @entity146 , such as delusions, @entity2146 and memory-related functioning in daily-living significantly predict a change in caregiver burden. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that @entity146 and @entity2414 in daily-living functions are significant predictors of an increase in caregiver burden.

title: Factors Associated with Caregiver Burden in XXXX : 1-Year Follow-Up Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms', 'irritability']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['disinhibition']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity418 is a lethal disease and the optimal therapy remains unclear. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides an increased chance of survival; therefore, we attempted to identify potential molecular markers that might improve evaluations of individual responses to therapy. METHODS: We recruited 109 @entity1 with resectable @entity1721 . The @entity1 underwent radical esophagectomy and did not receive any other perioperative treatment. Expression of @entity16262 and molecules involved in its targeted pathways, @entity7952 , @entity22030 , @entity996 , @entity470 , @entity16719 and pAKT, was investigated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Correlations were observed between @entity16262 and @entity996 expression; @entity16719 expression was significantly correlated with the degree of @entity189 differentiation (P = 0.01). Stage III @entity1 were found to have longer survival if they did not express @entity7952 than if they did (23 months vs. 11 months, P = 0.01). @entity1 with @entity16262 not expressing @entity996 were found to have longer survival times than those with @entity16262 who expressed @entity996 (18.8 months vs. 8.6 months, P = 0.021). Similarly, stage III @entity1 with @entity16262 but not expressing @entity7952 also survived longer than those expressing @entity7952 (23.5 months vs. 3.9 months, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high expression of @entity7952 was significantly associated with poor survival in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 . Expression of a combination of molecules, rather than of individual molecules, was more predictive of disease prognosis. @entity16262 and molecules of its targeted pathways may be candidate proteins as markers of chemosensitivity in @entity418 @entity1 .

title: Role of @entity16262 and its involving pathway in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity418 is a lethal disease and the optimal therapy remains unclear. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy provides an increased chance of survival; therefore, we attempted to identify potential molecular markers that might improve evaluations of individual responses to therapy. METHODS: We recruited 109 @entity1 with resectable @entity1721 . The @entity1 underwent radical esophagectomy and did not receive any other perioperative treatment. Expression of @entity16262 and molecules involved in its targeted pathways, @entity7952 , @entity22030 , @entity996 , @entity470 , @entity16719 and pAKT, was investigated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Correlations were observed between @entity16262 and @entity996 expression; @entity16719 expression was significantly correlated with the degree of @entity189 differentiation (P = 0.01). Stage III @entity1 were found to have longer survival if they did not express @entity7952 than if they did (23 months vs. 11 months, P = 0.01). @entity1 with @entity16262 not expressing @entity996 were found to have longer survival times than those with @entity16262 who expressed @entity996 (18.8 months vs. 8.6 months, P = 0.021). Similarly, stage III @entity1 with @entity16262 but not expressing @entity7952 also survived longer than those expressing @entity7952 (23.5 months vs. 3.9 months, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high expression of @entity7952 was significantly associated with poor survival in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 . Expression of a combination of molecules, rather than of individual molecules, was more predictive of disease prognosis. @entity16262 and molecules of its targeted pathways may be candidate proteins as markers of chemosensitivity in @entity418 @entity1 .

title: Role of XXXX and its involving pathway in @entity1721 .

answer: @entity16262 :: (1869,Gene) :: ['E2F-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anomaly of intrathoracic large vessels might not only compress the esophagus resulting in @entity1282 , but also hinder esophagectomy, even leading to uncontrolled massive @entity548 . This paper reviews our experience of seven @entity1 with this diagnosis and their treatment. METHODS: From January 2007 through January 2012, among @entity1 admitted with @entity418 , there were seven @entity1 confirmed to have coexisted @entity455 . They were six @entity1 and one @entity1 , aged 52 to 63 (mean 58.42). The @entity455 included @entity5216 ( @entity5216 ) in three cases, post-aortic left innominate vein (PALIV) in two cases, and one case each of right aortic arch (RAA) and @entity2849 of aortic isthmus (PAAI). Their diagnosis, surgical strategy, and outcome were reviewed. RESULTS: The @entity455 were missed by esophagography and endoscopy, but all identified by enhanced chest computed tomography (CT). Surgery was planned according to the anatomic features of the anomalies. @entity5216 did not need special management. RAA underwent left thoracotomy in order to dissect the aortopulmonary arterial ligament and to facilitate the mobilization of the esophagus. PAAI had preoperative aortic stenting to prevent unexpected @entity1755 . Prophylactic ligation of thoracic duct was performed on all @entity1 and no postoperative chylothorax was documented. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of @entity1462 with @entity418 is rare, but easily missed in routine X-ray and endoscopy. Enhanced chest CT must be performed to confirm. Surgery should be designed individually in consideration of the anatomic features of the @entity455 . A routine prophylactic ligation of the thoracic duct is recommended.

title: Diagnosis and surgical treatment of XXXX with @entity1462 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies', 'intrathoracic vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhaging']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['intrathoracic vascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['ARSA', 'aberrant right subclavian artery']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anomaly of intrathoracic large vessels might not only compress the esophagus resulting in @entity1282 , but also hinder esophagectomy, even leading to uncontrolled massive @entity548 . This paper reviews our experience of seven @entity1 with this diagnosis and their treatment. METHODS: From January 2007 through January 2012, among @entity1 admitted with @entity418 , there were seven @entity1 confirmed to have coexisted @entity455 . They were six @entity1 and one @entity1 , aged 52 to 63 (mean 58.42). The @entity455 included @entity5216 ( @entity5216 ) in three cases, post-aortic left innominate vein (PALIV) in two cases, and one case each of right aortic arch (RAA) and @entity2849 of aortic isthmus (PAAI). Their diagnosis, surgical strategy, and outcome were reviewed. RESULTS: The @entity455 were missed by esophagography and endoscopy, but all identified by enhanced chest computed tomography (CT). Surgery was planned according to the anatomic features of the anomalies. @entity5216 did not need special management. RAA underwent left thoracotomy in order to dissect the aortopulmonary arterial ligament and to facilitate the mobilization of the esophagus. PAAI had preoperative aortic stenting to prevent unexpected @entity1755 . Prophylactic ligation of thoracic duct was performed on all @entity1 and no postoperative chylothorax was documented. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of @entity1462 with @entity418 is rare, but easily missed in routine X-ray and endoscopy. Enhanced chest CT must be performed to confirm. Surgery should be designed individually in consideration of the anatomic features of the @entity455 . A routine prophylactic ligation of the thoracic duct is recommended.

title: Diagnosis and surgical treatment of @entity418 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['coexistent intrathoracic vascular malformations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Missed diagnoses are an important area of care quality resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Determination of rates and causes has been limited by difficulties in screening, including the effort of manual chart review. We developed and tested a semi- automated review tool to expedite screening for diagnostic errors in an electronic health record (EHR). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 seen in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) of a teaching hospital over 31 days, using an automated screen to identify those with a prior in-system visit during the 14 days preceding their @entity341 visit. We collected prior and subsequent notes from the institution's EHR for these cases, then populated a specially designed relational database enabling rapid comparison of prior visit records to the sentinel @entity341 visit. Each case was assessed for potential missed or delayed diagnosis, and rated by likelihood as "definite, probable, possible, unlikely or none." RESULTS: A total of 5 066 @entity1 encounters were screened by a clinician using the tool, of which 1 498 (30%) had a clinical encounter within the preceding 14 days. Of these, 37 encounters (2.6% of those reviewed) were "definite" or "probable" missed diagnoses. The rapid review tool took a mean of 1.9 minutes per case for primary review, compared with 11.2 minutes per case for reviews without the automated tool. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic errors were present in a significant number of cases presenting to the @entity341 after recent healthcare visits. An innovative review tool enabled a substantially increased efficiency in screening for diagnostic errors.

title: Use of an Expedited Review Tool to Screen for Prior Diagnostic Error in Emergency Department XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The characteristics of @entity603 in @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) are important to evaluate, as they define several clinical categories. The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints are frequently involved. Few studies have investigated peripheral joint evaluation using ultrasonography, a sensitive tool for detecting subclinical @entity603 . Our objectives here were to compare clinical and ultrasound evaluations of MCP and @entity603 and to determine the prevalence of predefined ultrasound abnormalities in @entity4932 @entity1 and healthy controls. METHODS: Standardized physical and ultrasound assessments of the same joints were done in 31 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4932 and 41 healthy volunteers. Joint @entity158 , motion limitation, and swelling were recorded. Ultrasonography was performed on the same joints by 2 trained sonographers who recorded synovial fluid, @entity1184 , @entity2681 , and power Doppler signal. Intraobserver reproducibility of ultrasonography was assessed. RESULTS: Of 558 peripheral joints examined in @entity4932 @entity1 , 69 (12.5%) had @entity603 and 83 (15%) had abnormal physical findings. All the physical abnormalities were significantly associated with @entity603 (P < 0.0001) but agreement was low between ultrasonographic and physical findings. @entity603 was most common at the feet (59.4%), where it was detected clinically in only 25% of cases. @entity603 was associated with the presence of synovial fluid. Cartilage vascularization was found in 2 (4.2%) healthy controls. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography is useful for monitoring @entity603 in @entity4932 . Subclinical involvement of the MTP joints is common. Clinicians should be aware of the specific ultrasonographic findings in @entity1 .

title: Comparison of clinical and ultrasonographic evaluations for peripheral synovitis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['Ultrasonographic synovitis', 'ultrasonographic synovitis', 'synovitis', 'MTP joint synovitis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: The @entity528 following @entity2806 is a serious risk to @entity64 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus (LHAE) on cerebral @entity63 . After 24 h of reperfusion following @entity63 for 2 h induced by @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ), some @entity35 were intraperitoneally administered different doses of LHAE (3.6, 7.2, 14.4 mg/kg, respectively). Neurological examination was measured in all animals. @entity1188 volume, @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity, levels of @entity1507 / @entity3542 metabolite (NO) and apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber in brain were determined. The results showed that LHAE at 7.2 mg/kg or 14.4 mg/kg exerted significantly decreasing @entity51 scores and reducing the @entity1188 volume on @entity35 with focal cerebral @entity63 (p<0.05). At those dose, the @entity1589 content were significantly decreased in ischemic brain as compared with model group (p<0.05). LHAE at 14.4 mg/kg significantly decreased the NO level compared with the model group (p<0.05). In addition, LHAE significantly decreased the apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber compared with the model group (p<0.05). This study suggests that LHAE may be used for treatment of @entity385 as a neuroprotective agent. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of LHAE in @entity1 .

title: Protective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus on XXXX reperfusion injury by middle cerebral @entity63 ( @entity2500 ) in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: The @entity528 following @entity2806 is a serious risk to @entity64 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus (LHAE) on cerebral @entity63 . After 24 h of reperfusion following @entity63 for 2 h induced by @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ), some @entity35 were intraperitoneally administered different doses of LHAE (3.6, 7.2, 14.4 mg/kg, respectively). Neurological examination was measured in all animals. @entity1188 volume, @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity, levels of @entity1507 / @entity3542 metabolite (NO) and apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber in brain were determined. The results showed that LHAE at 7.2 mg/kg or 14.4 mg/kg exerted significantly decreasing @entity51 scores and reducing the @entity1188 volume on @entity35 with focal cerebral @entity63 (p<0.05). At those dose, the @entity1589 content were significantly decreased in ischemic brain as compared with model group (p<0.05). LHAE at 14.4 mg/kg significantly decreased the NO level compared with the model group (p<0.05). In addition, LHAE significantly decreased the apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber compared with the model group (p<0.05). This study suggests that LHAE may be used for treatment of @entity385 as a neuroprotective agent. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of LHAE in @entity1 .

title: Protective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus on @entity2806 reperfusion injury by middle cerebral XXXX ( @entity2500 ) in @entity35 .

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic injury']


abstract: The @entity528 following @entity2806 is a serious risk to @entity64 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus (LHAE) on cerebral @entity63 . After 24 h of reperfusion following @entity63 for 2 h induced by @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ), some @entity35 were intraperitoneally administered different doses of LHAE (3.6, 7.2, 14.4 mg/kg, respectively). Neurological examination was measured in all animals. @entity1188 volume, @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity, levels of @entity1507 / @entity3542 metabolite (NO) and apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber in brain were determined. The results showed that LHAE at 7.2 mg/kg or 14.4 mg/kg exerted significantly decreasing @entity51 scores and reducing the @entity1188 volume on @entity35 with focal cerebral @entity63 (p<0.05). At those dose, the @entity1589 content were significantly decreased in ischemic brain as compared with model group (p<0.05). LHAE at 14.4 mg/kg significantly decreased the NO level compared with the model group (p<0.05). In addition, LHAE significantly decreased the apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber compared with the model group (p<0.05). This study suggests that LHAE may be used for treatment of @entity385 as a neuroprotective agent. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of LHAE in @entity1 .

title: Protective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus on @entity2806 reperfusion injury by middle cerebral @entity63 ( XXXX ) in @entity35 .

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['MCAO']


abstract: The @entity528 following @entity2806 is a serious risk to @entity64 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus (LHAE) on cerebral @entity63 . After 24 h of reperfusion following @entity63 for 2 h induced by @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ), some @entity35 were intraperitoneally administered different doses of LHAE (3.6, 7.2, 14.4 mg/kg, respectively). Neurological examination was measured in all animals. @entity1188 volume, @entity1589 ( @entity1589 ) activity, levels of @entity1507 / @entity3542 metabolite (NO) and apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber in brain were determined. The results showed that LHAE at 7.2 mg/kg or 14.4 mg/kg exerted significantly decreasing @entity51 scores and reducing the @entity1188 volume on @entity35 with focal cerebral @entity63 (p<0.05). At those dose, the @entity1589 content were significantly decreased in ischemic brain as compared with model group (p<0.05). LHAE at 14.4 mg/kg significantly decreased the NO level compared with the model group (p<0.05). In addition, LHAE significantly decreased the apoptosis ratio of nerve fiber compared with the model group (p<0.05). This study suggests that LHAE may be used for treatment of @entity385 as a neuroprotective agent. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of LHAE in @entity1 .

title: Protective effects of alkaloid extract from Leonurus heterophyllus on @entity2806 reperfusion injury by middle cerebral @entity63 ( @entity2500 ) in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Coccidiosis is a widely distributed disease with higher mortality and morbidity, which is caused by several species of protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Eimeria and recognized as a serious challenge for the poultry industry. This research was conducted to construct the recombinant plasmid pET32a(+)-ADF-linker-3-1E of Eimeria acervulina (E. acervulina) of the @entity1573 and test the bioactivity of the ADF-linker-3-1E protein. The ADF-linker-3-1E gene of E. acervulina of the @entity1573 was cloned by splicing by overlap extension by the polymerase chain reaction (SOE-PCR) and then inserted into the pET32a(+) to construct the recombinant plasmid pET32a(+)-ADF-linker-3-1E. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into @entity526 Rosetta (DE3) competent cells and then induced by @entity6874 (0.6  mmol/L). The expressed product in the culture medium was identified by the @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE). The bioactivity of the ADF-linker-3-1E protein was tested by Western blotting. The result showed that the amplified ADF-linker-3-1E gene was about 1346  bp. The PCR amplification with the recombinant plasmid pET-32a(+)-ADF-linker-3-1E as a template resulted in a special band of 1346  bp. The digested products resulted in two fragments of 1346  bp target fragment and 5.9  kb pET-32a(+)-vector fragment. The results indicated that the ADF-linker3-1E gene was successfully inserted into the pET-32a(+)-vector. The expressed products in the culture medium resulted in a single band of approximately 54.8  kDa by @entity214 -PAGE. Western blotting analysis indicated that the recombinant protein could be reacted specifically with His-Tag(2A8) @entity19 mAb. This study indicated that the ADF-linker-3-1E protein with good bioactivity was successfully obtained, which laid a foundation for the exploitation of the nuclear vaccine by using the ADF-linker-3-1E protein.

title: Expression and identification of the ADF-linker-3-1E gene of Eimeria acervulina of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity23699 is primarily considered an emerging infectious agent of @entity693 or @entity5422 with a worldwide distribution. Rodents and snails are important invasive hosts for transmission and expansion of A. cantonensis. The objective of this study was to investigate infection levels of A. cantonensis in snails, the most important natural intermediate host. Our study location was Mueang Kamphaeng Phet district, Kamphaeng Phet Province, and was undertaken between October and December 2012. A total of 2228 freshwater and terrestrial snails were collected, comprising 1119 Filopaludina spp., 409 Pomacea caniculata, 275 Achatina fulica and 425 Cryptozona siamensis. @entity23699 larvae were isolated by artificial digestion methods following Baermann's techniques. A low prevalence and intensity of A. cantonensis were observed in A. fulica, while higher numbers were found in @entity22729 . None of the Filopaludina spp. and Pomacea caniculata were infected with A. cantonensis. Molecular characterization was performed by analysing the 264  bp of @entity67964 ( @entity67964 ). Three @entity67964 sequences of @entity23699 were identical to A. cantonensis with 91-99% identity. Cryptozona siamensis has not previously been recorded as an intermediate host for A. cantonensis in Thailand. The infection of A. cantonensis identified in the natural intermediate hosts is new and important information to assist in the prevention and control of @entity1 @entity3853 .

title: Levels of infection with the lungworm XXXX in terrestrial snails from Thailand, with Cryptozona siamensis as a new intermediate host.

entities_list: @entity3853 :: ('MESH:C536369', 'Disease') :: ['angiostrongyliasis']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity23699 :: ('6313', 'Species') :: ['Angiostrongylus cantonensis', 'Angiostrongylus']

entities_list: @entity67964 :: ('8250915(Tax:6313)', 'Gene') :: ['COI', 'cytochrome c oxidase subunit I']

answer: @entity23699 :: (6313,Species) :: ['Angiostrongylus cantonensis']


abstract: To investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity1254 gene promoter and essential @entity101 (EH) in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian area, 220 EH @entity1 and 268 normotensive control individuals were enrolled. PCR and direct DNA sequencing were used to determine the @entity67613 ( @entity67614 ), @entity70206 ( @entity26056 ), @entity42884 ( @entity72774 ), @entity72775 ( @entity72776 ), and @entity72777 ( @entity72778 ) SNPs in the promoter region of @entity1254 gene. Total @entity165 (TC), the @entity412 (TG), fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), low density lipoprotein- @entity165 (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein- @entity165 (HDL-C) levels were examined by oxi-dase method. The plasma @entity1254 and insulin were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that: (1) SNPs of @entity67613 , @entity42884 , and @entity72775 were found and in Hardy-Weinberg equilib-rium (P>0.05), but not the case in @entity70206 and @entity72777 . (2) @entity67613 and @entity72775 were perfectly in link-age disequilibrium (D'=1; r2=1). (3) The allele G frequency of @entity67613 polymorphism in Chinese Korean (21.10%) was significantly higher than that in Chinese Han (12.50%), and also higher in EH group than in the control group of Chinese Han. The genotype and allele frequencies of @entity42884 showed no significant difference between the two groups ob-served. (4) The haplotype -11426G -11377C frequency in EH of Chinese Han was higher than in the control group (P<0.05). (5) The EH showed lower plasma @entity1254 level compared with the control group (P<0.001) in both Chinese Korean and Han. Our results indicate that: (1) the perfect linkage disequilibrium of @entity67613 and @entity72775 is first reported, and the SNP of @entity67613 is associated with Chinese Han and Korean. (2) -11426 G and -11426G -11377C are risk factor and risk haplotype in Yanbian Chinese Han, but not in Chinese-Korean. (3) The @entity17211 is the important risk factors for EH in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian area. (4) There is no relationship between @entity67613 polymorphism and the plasma @entity1254 level.

title: [Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the promoter of @entity1254 gene and essential XXXX in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian region].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity17211 :: ('MESH:C567258', 'Disease') :: ['lower hypoadiponectinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: To investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity1254 gene promoter and essential @entity101 (EH) in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian area, 220 EH @entity1 and 268 normotensive control individuals were enrolled. PCR and direct DNA sequencing were used to determine the @entity67613 ( @entity67614 ), @entity70206 ( @entity26056 ), @entity42884 ( @entity72774 ), @entity72775 ( @entity72776 ), and @entity72777 ( @entity72778 ) SNPs in the promoter region of @entity1254 gene. Total @entity165 (TC), the @entity412 (TG), fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG), low density lipoprotein- @entity165 (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein- @entity165 (HDL-C) levels were examined by oxi-dase method. The plasma @entity1254 and insulin were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that: (1) SNPs of @entity67613 , @entity42884 , and @entity72775 were found and in Hardy-Weinberg equilib-rium (P>0.05), but not the case in @entity70206 and @entity72777 . (2) @entity67613 and @entity72775 were perfectly in link-age disequilibrium (D'=1; r2=1). (3) The allele G frequency of @entity67613 polymorphism in Chinese Korean (21.10%) was significantly higher than that in Chinese Han (12.50%), and also higher in EH group than in the control group of Chinese Han. The genotype and allele frequencies of @entity42884 showed no significant difference between the two groups ob-served. (4) The haplotype -11426G -11377C frequency in EH of Chinese Han was higher than in the control group (P<0.05). (5) The EH showed lower plasma @entity1254 level compared with the control group (P<0.001) in both Chinese Korean and Han. Our results indicate that: (1) the perfect linkage disequilibrium of @entity67613 and @entity72775 is first reported, and the SNP of @entity67613 is associated with Chinese Han and Korean. (2) -11426 G and -11426G -11377C are risk factor and risk haplotype in Yanbian Chinese Han, but not in Chinese-Korean. (3) The @entity17211 is the important risk factors for EH in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian area. (4) There is no relationship between @entity67613 polymorphism and the plasma @entity1254 level.

title: [Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the promoter of XXXX gene and essential @entity101 in Chinese Korean and Han of Yanbian region].

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extent of lymphadenectomy in @entity356 is one of the still unresolved and ongoing questions. Whether extensive procedures lead to better survival remains controversial. The detection of sentinel node could become a helpful method to define the desirable extent of lymph node dissection for each particular @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective, single-centre, clinical trial. Sentinel node is identified using vital blue dye. After performance of D2 lymphadenectomy, the pathologist minutely investigates all lymphatic nodes by histological and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS: During a period of 36 months, an attempt to localise the sentinel node for biopsy was made in 22 @entity1 . The successful rate of sentinel node detection with a good relation between metastatic involvement of the sentinel node and other nodes was 56% (13 out of 22 @entity1 ). All these @entity1 suffered from small @entity5 and early stage of the disease. In large @entity5 and advanced stages, blue dye stained the tissue around the @entity5 diffusely rendering the identification of true sentinel node impossible. Fresh frozen section of the sentinel node resulted in two @entity1 in a false negative outcome because of micrometastatic involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel node biopsy in @entity356 using vital staining is a feasible method. Reliable results were seen in early stage of the disease. Fresh frozen section of sentinel node has probably a low sensitivity for detection of micrometastases.

title: Sentinel node biopsy in XXXX : preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The prevalence of diseases such as @entity56 and @entity2490 continues to increase in the United States, affecting millions of @entity1 . It is well-established that @entity566 contributes to the pathogenesis of most @entity565 , especially in @entity1 and young adults. Despite current therapy (eg, inhaled corticosteroids, anti-leukotrienes, and bronchodilators), @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity565 remain symptomatic and experience frequent exacerbations of disease requiring oral @entity288 , emergency department treatments, and hospitalizations. @entity56 are traditionally referred to as immediate or type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, with IgE as a critical factor. IgE is involved in @entity32 , especially in early-phase response, but it may also be involved in the late-phase @entity56 response. A direct correlation between serum IgE levels and @entity565 exists. As logarithm IgE values increase, @entity565 prevalence increases linearly, even in @entity1 who are categorized as having @entity565 . In addition, there is a significant, although low association in @entity2023 with IgE levels and positive skin test reactivity to pollens. Recent advances in our understanding of the role of IgE in @entity32 have led to the development of a monoclonal antibody to IgE that reduces IgE levels, thereby @entity32 . This review aims to provide an overview of the basic science of the IgE molecule and the clinical efficacy of anti-IgE therapy in @entity56 and @entity66 .

title: Mechanisms of IgE XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['reducing allergic inflammation', 'allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['nonallergic asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'allergic', 'Allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: The absorption-enhancing effects of @entity21454 ( @entity21455 ) dendrimers with various generations (G0-G3) and concentrations [0.1%-1.0% (w/v)] on the pulmonary absorption of peptide and protein drugs were studied in @entity35 . Insulin and calcitonin were chosen as models of peptide and protein drugs, and their pulmonary absorption with or without @entity21455 dendrimers was examined by in vivo pulmonary absorption studies. @entity21455 dendrimers significantly increased the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin in @entity35 , and their absorption-enhancing effects were generation dependent. The rank order of absorption enhancement effect of these @entity21455 dendrimers was G3 > G2 > G1 > G0. For the same generation, the absorption-enhancing effects of @entity21455 dendrimers were shown to be concentration dependent. The @entity137 of these @entity21455 dendrimers in the lung tissues was evaluated by measuring the release of protein and the activities of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The @entity21455 dendrimers with various generations and concentrations did not significantly increase the release of protein and the activities of LDH in BALF, indicating that these dendrimers did not cause any membrane damage to the lung tissues. The zeta potentials of insulin and calcitonin solutions changed to positive by the addition of @entity21455 dendrimers, and the degree of positive charge as determined by the zeta potentials was linearly correlated with the absorption-enhancing effects of the @entity21455 dendrimers. This positive charge of the @entity21455 dendrimers might be related to their absorption-enhancing mechanisms for improving the pulmonary absorption of insulin and @entity175 in @entity35 . In conclusion, the @entity21455 dendrimers are suitable absorption enhancers to improve the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin without any membrane damage to the respiratory tissues.

title: XXXX dendrimers can improve the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21454 :: ('MESH:C531249', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamidoamine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity21454 :: (MESH:C531249,Chemical) :: ['Polyamidoamine']


abstract: The absorption-enhancing effects of @entity21454 ( @entity21455 ) dendrimers with various generations (G0-G3) and concentrations [0.1%-1.0% (w/v)] on the pulmonary absorption of peptide and protein drugs were studied in @entity35 . Insulin and calcitonin were chosen as models of peptide and protein drugs, and their pulmonary absorption with or without @entity21455 dendrimers was examined by in vivo pulmonary absorption studies. @entity21455 dendrimers significantly increased the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin in @entity35 , and their absorption-enhancing effects were generation dependent. The rank order of absorption enhancement effect of these @entity21455 dendrimers was G3 > G2 > G1 > G0. For the same generation, the absorption-enhancing effects of @entity21455 dendrimers were shown to be concentration dependent. The @entity137 of these @entity21455 dendrimers in the lung tissues was evaluated by measuring the release of protein and the activities of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The @entity21455 dendrimers with various generations and concentrations did not significantly increase the release of protein and the activities of LDH in BALF, indicating that these dendrimers did not cause any membrane damage to the lung tissues. The zeta potentials of insulin and calcitonin solutions changed to positive by the addition of @entity21455 dendrimers, and the degree of positive charge as determined by the zeta potentials was linearly correlated with the absorption-enhancing effects of the @entity21455 dendrimers. This positive charge of the @entity21455 dendrimers might be related to their absorption-enhancing mechanisms for improving the pulmonary absorption of insulin and @entity175 in @entity35 . In conclusion, the @entity21455 dendrimers are suitable absorption enhancers to improve the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin without any membrane damage to the respiratory tissues.

title: @entity21454 dendrimers can improve the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity4993 (SPC), an important cardiovascular mediator derived from @entity4291 that has atheroprotective effects via actions on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) at normal levels in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism is not well known. To clarify this question, we first investigated the effect of SPC on VEC apoptosis and autophagy induced by deprivation of serum and @entity540 ( @entity540 ). SPC at 5-20     M inhibited apoptosis and induced autophagy in vitro. To understand the underlying mechanism, we investigated the role of integrin b4 in SPC-induced autophagy in VECs. SPC significantly decreased the level of integrin b4, whereas overexpression of integrin b4 inhibited SPC-induced autophagy. Moreover, knockdown of integrin b4 promoted VEC autophagy. To understand the downstream factors of integrin b4 in this process, we observed the effects of SPC on @entity2434 -specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) activity and level of @entity876 . PC-PLC activity and @entity876 level in cytoplasm was decreased during autophagy induced by SPC, and knockdown of integrin b4 inhibited the activity of PC-PLC and the cytoplasmic level of @entity876 . SPC may promote autophagy via integrin b4. Moreover, PC-PLC and @entity876 may be the downstream factors of integrin b4 in autophagy of VECs deprived of serum and @entity540 .

title: Regulation of apoptosis and autophagy by XXXX in vascular endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity4993 :: ('MESH:C005356', 'Chemical') :: ['Sphingosylphosphorylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor 2', 'FGF-2']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity4993 :: (MESH:C005356,Chemical) :: ['sphingosylphosphorylcholine']


abstract: @entity2395 / @entity8453 is a @entity74 that causes chronic @entity417 and increased erythropoiesis. Consequently, an expansion of bone marrow spaces may contribute to @entity2331 / @entity170 . However, the pathogenesis of bone changes is not yet known. We, therefore, carried out the study on bone histomorphometry and biochemical and hormonal profiles in @entity1 and adolescents with suboptimally treated @entity8674 with the hope of gaining some new insight into the cellular and structural alterations of thalassemic bone. Seventeen @entity1 underwent iliac crest bone biopsy for histomorphometric analyses. @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements were performed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Most @entity1 had @entity851 and delayed bone age. @entity79 was low especially at the lumbar spine. Serum @entity442 levels were almost always low. Bone histomorphometry revealed @entity101 , osteoid maturation time, and mineralization lag time, which indicate impaired bone matrix maturation and defective mineralization. In addition, @entity68 deposits appeared along mineralization fronts and osteoid surfaces. Moreover, focal @entity10545 were found together with focal @entity68 deposits. Dynamic bone formation study revealed reduced bone formation rate. These findings indicate that delayed bone maturation and focal @entity4772 are the pathogenesis of @entity79 in suboptimally blood-transfused thalassemics with @entity68 overload. @entity68 deposits in bone and low circulating @entity442 levels may partly contribute to the above findings.

title: Bone histomorphometry in @entity1 and adolescents with XXXX : @entity68 -associated focal @entity4772 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased osteoid thickness']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['thickened osteoid seams']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'bone disease']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathy']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia disease']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['Thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassemia disease']


abstract: @entity2395 / @entity8453 is a @entity74 that causes chronic @entity417 and increased erythropoiesis. Consequently, an expansion of bone marrow spaces may contribute to @entity2331 / @entity170 . However, the pathogenesis of bone changes is not yet known. We, therefore, carried out the study on bone histomorphometry and biochemical and hormonal profiles in @entity1 and adolescents with suboptimally treated @entity8674 with the hope of gaining some new insight into the cellular and structural alterations of thalassemic bone. Seventeen @entity1 underwent iliac crest bone biopsy for histomorphometric analyses. @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements were performed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Most @entity1 had @entity851 and delayed bone age. @entity79 was low especially at the lumbar spine. Serum @entity442 levels were almost always low. Bone histomorphometry revealed @entity101 , osteoid maturation time, and mineralization lag time, which indicate impaired bone matrix maturation and defective mineralization. In addition, @entity68 deposits appeared along mineralization fronts and osteoid surfaces. Moreover, focal @entity10545 were found together with focal @entity68 deposits. Dynamic bone formation study revealed reduced bone formation rate. These findings indicate that delayed bone maturation and focal @entity4772 are the pathogenesis of @entity79 in suboptimally blood-transfused thalassemics with @entity68 overload. @entity68 deposits in bone and low circulating @entity442 levels may partly contribute to the above findings.

title: Bone histomorphometry in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity8674 : @entity68 -associated focal XXXX .

answer: @entity4772 :: (MESH:D010018,Disease) :: ['osteomalacia']


abstract: @entity2395 / @entity8453 is a @entity74 that causes chronic @entity417 and increased erythropoiesis. Consequently, an expansion of bone marrow spaces may contribute to @entity2331 / @entity170 . However, the pathogenesis of bone changes is not yet known. We, therefore, carried out the study on bone histomorphometry and biochemical and hormonal profiles in @entity1 and adolescents with suboptimally treated @entity8674 with the hope of gaining some new insight into the cellular and structural alterations of thalassemic bone. Seventeen @entity1 underwent iliac crest bone biopsy for histomorphometric analyses. @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements were performed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Most @entity1 had @entity851 and delayed bone age. @entity79 was low especially at the lumbar spine. Serum @entity442 levels were almost always low. Bone histomorphometry revealed @entity101 , osteoid maturation time, and mineralization lag time, which indicate impaired bone matrix maturation and defective mineralization. In addition, @entity68 deposits appeared along mineralization fronts and osteoid surfaces. Moreover, focal @entity10545 were found together with focal @entity68 deposits. Dynamic bone formation study revealed reduced bone formation rate. These findings indicate that delayed bone maturation and focal @entity4772 are the pathogenesis of @entity79 in suboptimally blood-transfused thalassemics with @entity68 overload. @entity68 deposits in bone and low circulating @entity442 levels may partly contribute to the above findings.

title: Bone histomorphometry in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity8674 : XXXX -associated focal @entity4772 .

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: @entity2395 / @entity8453 is a @entity74 that causes chronic @entity417 and increased erythropoiesis. Consequently, an expansion of bone marrow spaces may contribute to @entity2331 / @entity170 . However, the pathogenesis of bone changes is not yet known. We, therefore, carried out the study on bone histomorphometry and biochemical and hormonal profiles in @entity1 and adolescents with suboptimally treated @entity8674 with the hope of gaining some new insight into the cellular and structural alterations of thalassemic bone. Seventeen @entity1 underwent iliac crest bone biopsy for histomorphometric analyses. @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements were performed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Most @entity1 had @entity851 and delayed bone age. @entity79 was low especially at the lumbar spine. Serum @entity442 levels were almost always low. Bone histomorphometry revealed @entity101 , osteoid maturation time, and mineralization lag time, which indicate impaired bone matrix maturation and defective mineralization. In addition, @entity68 deposits appeared along mineralization fronts and osteoid surfaces. Moreover, focal @entity10545 were found together with focal @entity68 deposits. Dynamic bone formation study revealed reduced bone formation rate. These findings indicate that delayed bone maturation and focal @entity4772 are the pathogenesis of @entity79 in suboptimally blood-transfused thalassemics with @entity68 overload. @entity68 deposits in bone and low circulating @entity442 levels may partly contribute to the above findings.

title: Bone histomorphometry in XXXX and adolescents with @entity8674 : @entity68 -associated focal @entity4772 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To apply ergonomic task analysis to the performance of ultrasound-guided (US-guided) femoral @entity616 (FNB) in an acute hospital setting. DESIGN: Pilot prospective observational study. SETTING: Orthopedic operating room of a regional trauma hospital. SUBJECTS: 15 anesthesiologists of various levels of experience in US-guided FNB (estimated minimum experience < 10 procedures; maximum about 50 procedures, and from basic trainees to consultants); and 15 @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ), aged 77    15 (mean    SD yrs) years. MEASUREMENTS/OBSERVATIONS: A data capture "tool", which was modified from one previously developed for ergonomic study of spinal anesthesia, was studied. @entity1 , operator, and heterogeneous environmental factors related to ergonomic performance of US-guided FNB were identified. The observation period started immediately before commencement of positioning the @entity1 and ended on completion of perineural injection. Data were acquired using direct observations, photography, and application of a questionnaire. MAIN RESULTS: The quality of ergonomic performance was generally suboptimal and varied greatly among operators. Eight (experience < 10 procedures) of 15 operators excessively rotated their head, neck, and/or back to visualize the image on the ultrasound machine. Eight operators (experience < 10 procedures) performed the procedure with excessive thoracolumbar flexion. CONCLUSION: Performance of US-guided FNB presents ergonomic challenges and was suboptimal during most of the procedures observed. Formal training in US-guided peripheral nerve blockade should include reference to ergonomic factors.

title: Ergonomic task analysis of ultrasound-guided femoral XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['nerve block']


abstract: Cilotax stent is a new type of drug-eluting stent (DES) designed to increase the antirestenotic performance of the @entity1311 -eluting stent and decrease the risk of stent @entity715 by the incorporation of @entity1924 . Therefore, we investigated the safety and efficacy of Cilotax dual DESs and compared their performance to that of @entity1311 -eluting Taxus Liberte. @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for de novo @entity453 at 2 centers in Korea were randomized to receive Cilotax (n = 55) or Taxus Liberte (n = 56) stents. The primary end point was in-segment late loss at 8 months. The 2 groups had similar baseline characteristics. Cilotax stent was not inferior to Taxus Liberte stent as determined by in-segment late loss (0.28    0.30 vs 0.42    0.45 mm, difference -0.14, 95% confidence interval -0.27 to -0.01, 1-sided p = 0.028 for noninferiority). In-stent late loss was significantly lower in the Cilotax than in the Taxus Liberte group (0.22    0.31 vs 0.50    0.55 mm, p = 0.002). Although in-segment restenosis rate did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (3.8% vs 10.9%, respectively, p = 0.271), in-stent restenosis rate was significantly lower in the Cilotax stent group (0% vs 10.9%, p = 0.027). There was no stent @entity715 at 8 months in either group. Rates of @entity204 , @entity583 , and any @entity75 revascularization at 8 months were 0%, 0%, and 1.9%, respectively, in the Cilotax group and 1.8%, 0% and 3.6%, respectively, in the Taxus Liberte group. In conclusion, the Cilotax stent was safe and effective in decreasing late loss, indicating that this stent represents a promising new type of DES system.

title: Comparison of dual drug-eluting Cilotax stent and XXXX -eluting Taxus Liberte stent in native @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1924 :: ('MESH:C045645', 'Chemical') :: ['cilostazol']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: Cilotax stent is a new type of drug-eluting stent (DES) designed to increase the antirestenotic performance of the @entity1311 -eluting stent and decrease the risk of stent @entity715 by the incorporation of @entity1924 . Therefore, we investigated the safety and efficacy of Cilotax dual DESs and compared their performance to that of @entity1311 -eluting Taxus Liberte. @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for de novo @entity453 at 2 centers in Korea were randomized to receive Cilotax (n = 55) or Taxus Liberte (n = 56) stents. The primary end point was in-segment late loss at 8 months. The 2 groups had similar baseline characteristics. Cilotax stent was not inferior to Taxus Liberte stent as determined by in-segment late loss (0.28    0.30 vs 0.42    0.45 mm, difference -0.14, 95% confidence interval -0.27 to -0.01, 1-sided p = 0.028 for noninferiority). In-stent late loss was significantly lower in the Cilotax than in the Taxus Liberte group (0.22    0.31 vs 0.50    0.55 mm, p = 0.002). Although in-segment restenosis rate did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (3.8% vs 10.9%, respectively, p = 0.271), in-stent restenosis rate was significantly lower in the Cilotax stent group (0% vs 10.9%, p = 0.027). There was no stent @entity715 at 8 months in either group. Rates of @entity204 , @entity583 , and any @entity75 revascularization at 8 months were 0%, 0%, and 1.9%, respectively, in the Cilotax group and 1.8%, 0% and 3.6%, respectively, in the Taxus Liberte group. In conclusion, the Cilotax stent was safe and effective in decreasing late loss, indicating that this stent represents a promising new type of DES system.

title: Comparison of dual drug-eluting Cilotax stent and @entity1311 -eluting Taxus Liberte stent in native XXXX .

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery lesions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Conservative surgery is considered as standard and alternative mastectomy in early stage @entity0 but number of local recurrence is higher. Aim of the study was to detect number of local recurrences after conservative surgery and to identify risk factors of local recurrence especially importance of resection margins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Local recurrences were evaluated in @entity1 after conservative surgery in early @entity0 at department of surgery Atlas hospital in Zlin between January 2004 and December 2008. @entity7279 (only one T3) @entity0 were included in study. Diagnostic biopsy, lumpectomy and quadrantectomy were performed. In all @entity1 axillary nodes were examined. Study guidelines required microscopic distance between resection line and @entity5 margin 5mm. Specimen after surgery was marked with black ink and from June 2006 with six colors ink. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy in additions to character of @entity5 followed surgery. RESULTS: Conservative surgery was performed in 330 @entity1 . Mean age was 59 years. Follow-up was 39.6 month. Stage of the @entity5 : 0 19x, I 101x, IIA 163x, IIB 33x, IIIA 5, IIIB 0, IIIC 9. Lumpectomy was made 11 lx including 11 diagnostic biopsies and quadrantectomy 219x. Final conservative surgery was 331x and mastectomy 19x. Positive axillary nodes were 98x. In breast local recurrence appeared in 5 (3.6%) @entity1 and one had regional recurrence without in breast recurrence. Distant metastases were 8x (2.4%) and ten @entity1 died on @entity66 without locoregional recurrence. CONCLUSION: Local recurrence appeared only 5x. Clear margins after breast conserving surgery are very important factor in prevention local recurrence. We recommend keeping 5 mm resection distance.

title: [Locoregional recurrences after conservative surgery in early XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the incidence and management of @entity130 in 4400 consecutive cases of robotic radical prostatectomy at a single institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From September 2001 to September 2009, 4400 @entity1 underwent robotic radical prostatectomy. We reviewed the intraoperative and postoperative data from @entity1 with @entity130 . Once recognized, the @entity130 were closed in 2 layers. Clear liquids were started the day after surgery. Healing of the vesicourethral @entity254 was confirmed by cystography 5-14 days postoperatively. RESULTS: @entity130 were identified in 10 @entity1 (0.2%). The mean @entity1 age was 58.6 years (range 44-68), and the mean body mass index was 25.8 kg/m(2) (range 22-29). The mean prostate-specific antigen level was 7.1 ng/mL (range 0.9-14.8), and the mean prostate weight was 58.9 g (range 22-102). The clinical stage was T1c, T2a, and T2c in 7, 2, and 1 @entity1 , respectively. The preoperative Gleason score was 6, 7, and 8 in 3, 3, and 4 @entity1 , respectively. All @entity130 were diagnosed and repaired intraoperatively. Of the 10 @entity1 , 9 had an uneventful postoperative course. The average urethral catheterization time for these @entity1 was 14 days (range 6-21). One @entity1 had gross @entity1241 and developed a @entity292 requiring a delayed diverting colostomy. No perioperative mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: We found a low incidence of @entity130 during robotic radical prostatectomy. We have also demonstrated that @entity130 can be managed primarily with meticulous closure with minimal morbidity.

title: Management of XXXX during robotic radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['rectourethral fistula']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal spillage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['rectal injury', 'rectal injuries', 'Rectal injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['rectal injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the usefulness of administration of superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for assessing the efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) liver ablation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using a protocol approved by the animal research committee of our university, nine RF liver ablations were performed in three miniature @entity1707 . Six ablations were performed after administration of SPIO in two @entity1707 (group A). Three ablations were performed in the other @entity1707 without administration of SPIO (group B). All @entity1707 were sacrificed 4 days after the procedure. Harvested livers were scanned with a 1.5T MR system before and after fixation with 10% buffered @entity406 , and MR images were precisely compared with histological specimens. RESULTS: There were no histological differences between the two groups. All ablated @entity409 showed coagulation @entity39 at the external layer. There were no viable cells inside the coagulation @entity39 . All @entity75 had a hypointense rim on fast low angle shot (FLASH) images. The rims of group A were thicker than those of group B. The rims of group B corresponded histologically to congestion and @entity548 @entity39 area. The rims of the group A corresponded to @entity548 @entity39 and coagulation @entity39 areas. In group A, the hypointense rim reflected @entity39 Kupffer cells that took up SPIO before RF liver ablation. CONCLUSION: Administration of SPIO made it possible to precisely evaluate ablated liver parenchyma by hypointense rim on FLASH images. This method is helpful for the evaluation of safety margin after RF ablation for @entity96 .

title: Usefulness of administration of SPIO prior to RF ablation for evaluation of the therapeutic effect: an experimental study using miniature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ablated lesions']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of Manual vacuum aspiration ( @entity13094 ) with @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) in the management of first trimester @entity393 . METHODS: A single-centre randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted at Maternal and @entity1 Health Centre (MCHC), Unit-I, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad from April 2007-Dec 2008. A total of 176 cases with @entity393 at < 12 weeks gestation, with a diagnosis of @entity2099 , incomplete, missed or septic induced abortion and molar pregnancy were randomly allocated to either @entity13094 or @entity8425 in the operation theatre. RESULTS: A total of 176 @entity1 were included out of which 70 underwent @entity8425 and 106 had @entity13094 . Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups except significantly higher gestational age and gestational sac diameter in @entity13094 group. Majority of @entity8425 were performed under general anaesthesia (95.7%) while majority of @entity13094 were performed under paracervical block (60.3%). Complete evacuation was achieved in 89.6% with @entity13094 vs 91.4% with @entity8425 (p=0.691). @entity13094 was superior in terms of significantly less @entity190 (62.08 +/- 32.19 vs 75.71 +/- 35.53; p=0.008), shorter hospital stay (12.26 hours +/- 6.97 vs 19.54 hours +/- 7.95; p=0.000) and less hospital cost (Rs 1419.5 +/- 1337.620 vs Rs. 3222.5 +/- 1816.02; p=0.000). Post-operative @entity158 assessment by visual analogue score (VAS) at 0 and 6 hours showed no significant difference (p=0.845 and p=0.157 respectively). The only complication was uterine perforation in 2 (2.4%) cases both belonging to @entity8425 . CONCLUSION: @entity13094 is a safe and effective alternative of conventional @entity8425 . It is superior to @entity8425 in terms of reduced cost and need for general anaesthesia and is thus useful at low resource setting with scarcity of electricity and general anaesthesia.

title: Manual vacuum aspiration: a safe and cost-effective substitute of electric vacuum aspiration for the surgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['Electrical vacuum aspiration', 'EVA']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['anembryonic pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss', 'early pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['early pregnancy loss']


abstract: Inflammatory and non-neoplastic diseases of @entity3359 affect approximately 5% of @entity1 in every day laryngology practice. @entity14291 is the most common cause of @entity3885 in @entity3359 and is supposed to affect 1,2% of population. Other, non inflammatory reasons of glandular swelling are sialodochitis ( @entity32 ), @entity850 of the duct, and chronic, obstructive changes in the ductal epithelium found in @entity1 with chronic recurrent (juvenile) @entity8174 . Sialendoscopy is a minimal invasive technique aiming to visualize the lumen of the salivary ducts and their pathologies. It could be used for diagnostic reasons, in case of @entity14291 extraction of stones and in case of @entity850 dilatation is performed (interventional sialendoscopy). In ENT Department Medical University in Pozna  , in the period 2008 XII between 2010 IV, 46 sialendoscopies were performed. @entity14291 was observed in 29 @entity1 , @entity850 of main duct in 16 @entity1 . In 1 case any changes in ductal system were observed. In group with @entity14291 , in 19 cases stones were removed endoscopically, in 4 @entity1 papillotomy was performed to extraction of the stone. In 3 @entity1 with big stones and an extreme posterior location, bilateral (external and endoscopical) approach was used. Any @entity260 were observed.

title: [Sialendoscopy as a non-invasive treatment method of XXXX and non-inflammatory processes causing salivary gland swelling].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['acute ductal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotitis']

entities_list: @entity14291 :: ('MESH:D015494', 'Disease') :: ['Sialolithiasis', 'sialolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity3359 :: ('MESH:D012466', 'Disease') :: ['salivary glands']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive diseases']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity14291 :: (MESH:D015494,Disease) :: ['sialolithiasis']


abstract: Splenic @entity3 reflecting multiple metastases of @entity5 is often observed in the terminal stage, although solitary splenic @entity3 is extremely rare. In addition, late recurrence even after 20 years of operation is very unusual. We report the case of a 52-year-old @entity1 who was admitted to our department with a @entity5 . She had a past history of total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral sapingo-oophorectomy for @entity43 20 years ago. Abdominal CT scan revealed a huge mass of 12 x 8 x 5.5 cm between the spleen and the left kidney. Splenectomy was performed with a diagnosis of @entity5 . Microscopically, the @entity5 was a poorly differentiated @entity420 including components of poorly differentiated @entity43 , and was diagnosed as an @entity43 @entity3 . The @entity1 showed no evidence of recurrence until 5 years postoperatively. Splenic @entity3 is considered a terminal stage of @entity5 . However, when the lesion is solitary, surgical treatment is recommended.

title: Isolated splenic XXXX of @entity43 20 years after operation: a case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'splenic tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Splenic @entity3 reflecting multiple metastases of @entity5 is often observed in the terminal stage, although solitary splenic @entity3 is extremely rare. In addition, late recurrence even after 20 years of operation is very unusual. We report the case of a 52-year-old @entity1 who was admitted to our department with a @entity5 . She had a past history of total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral sapingo-oophorectomy for @entity43 20 years ago. Abdominal CT scan revealed a huge mass of 12 x 8 x 5.5 cm between the spleen and the left kidney. Splenectomy was performed with a diagnosis of @entity5 . Microscopically, the @entity5 was a poorly differentiated @entity420 including components of poorly differentiated @entity43 , and was diagnosed as an @entity43 @entity3 . The @entity1 showed no evidence of recurrence until 5 years postoperatively. Splenic @entity3 is considered a terminal stage of @entity5 . However, when the lesion is solitary, surgical treatment is recommended.

title: Isolated splenic @entity3 of XXXX 20 years after operation: a case report and literature review.

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8612 ( @entity8612 ) is a mechanobullous genodermatosis that may be caused by mutations in the genes @entity4205 and @entity6881 encoding the basal epidermal keratins 5 (K5) and 14 ( @entity6881 ). Three main clinical subtypes of @entity8612 exist, differing in onset, distribution and severity of skin blistering. Previous reports of @entity4205 and @entity6881 mutations suggest a correlation between the location of the mutation and the severity of the associated @entity8612 phenotype. OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of @entity4205 / @entity6881 mutations and the genotype-phenotype correlation in the largest tissue-confirmed @entity8612 population is investigated. METHODS: @entity4205 and @entity6881 genomic DNA and cDNA sequences of 76 clinically well-defined unrelated @entity8612 probands were amplified and then subjected to direct sequencing and product length analysis. Immunofluorescence microscopy on @entity1 ' skin biopsies with antibodies against K5 and @entity6881 was performed to study protein expression. RESULTS: In 57 of 76 (75%) probands 41 different @entity4205 and @entity6881 mutations were identified, of which 12 were novel. Mutations affecting the highly conserved helix boundary motifs of the rod domains of K5 and @entity6881 , and the @entity6881 helix initiation motif in particular, were associated with the severest, @entity8612 Dowling-Meara, phenotype. In 21 @entity8612 probands (37%) the mutation was de novo. In 19 probands (25%) @entity4205 or @entity6881 mutations were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype-genotype correlation observed in this large @entity8612 population underscores the importance of helix boundary motifs for keratin assembly. Only three-quarters of biopsy-confirmed @entity8612 probands have @entity4205 or @entity6881 mutations, indicating genetic heterogeneity in @entity8612 . Alternative gene candidates are discussed.

title: Mutations in @entity4205 and XXXX cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex in 75% of the @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity8612 :: ('MESH:D016110', 'Disease') :: ['Epidermolysis bullosa simplex', 'EBS']

answer: @entity6881 :: (3861,Gene) :: ['KRT14']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8612 ( @entity8612 ) is a mechanobullous genodermatosis that may be caused by mutations in the genes @entity4205 and @entity6881 encoding the basal epidermal keratins 5 (K5) and 14 ( @entity6881 ). Three main clinical subtypes of @entity8612 exist, differing in onset, distribution and severity of skin blistering. Previous reports of @entity4205 and @entity6881 mutations suggest a correlation between the location of the mutation and the severity of the associated @entity8612 phenotype. OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of @entity4205 / @entity6881 mutations and the genotype-phenotype correlation in the largest tissue-confirmed @entity8612 population is investigated. METHODS: @entity4205 and @entity6881 genomic DNA and cDNA sequences of 76 clinically well-defined unrelated @entity8612 probands were amplified and then subjected to direct sequencing and product length analysis. Immunofluorescence microscopy on @entity1 ' skin biopsies with antibodies against K5 and @entity6881 was performed to study protein expression. RESULTS: In 57 of 76 (75%) probands 41 different @entity4205 and @entity6881 mutations were identified, of which 12 were novel. Mutations affecting the highly conserved helix boundary motifs of the rod domains of K5 and @entity6881 , and the @entity6881 helix initiation motif in particular, were associated with the severest, @entity8612 Dowling-Meara, phenotype. In 21 @entity8612 probands (37%) the mutation was de novo. In 19 probands (25%) @entity4205 or @entity6881 mutations were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype-genotype correlation observed in this large @entity8612 population underscores the importance of helix boundary motifs for keratin assembly. Only three-quarters of biopsy-confirmed @entity8612 probands have @entity4205 or @entity6881 mutations, indicating genetic heterogeneity in @entity8612 . Alternative gene candidates are discussed.

title: Mutations in XXXX and @entity6881 cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex in 75% of the @entity1 .

answer: @entity4205 :: (3852,Gene) :: ['KRT5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8612 ( @entity8612 ) is a mechanobullous genodermatosis that may be caused by mutations in the genes @entity4205 and @entity6881 encoding the basal epidermal keratins 5 (K5) and 14 ( @entity6881 ). Three main clinical subtypes of @entity8612 exist, differing in onset, distribution and severity of skin blistering. Previous reports of @entity4205 and @entity6881 mutations suggest a correlation between the location of the mutation and the severity of the associated @entity8612 phenotype. OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of @entity4205 / @entity6881 mutations and the genotype-phenotype correlation in the largest tissue-confirmed @entity8612 population is investigated. METHODS: @entity4205 and @entity6881 genomic DNA and cDNA sequences of 76 clinically well-defined unrelated @entity8612 probands were amplified and then subjected to direct sequencing and product length analysis. Immunofluorescence microscopy on @entity1 ' skin biopsies with antibodies against K5 and @entity6881 was performed to study protein expression. RESULTS: In 57 of 76 (75%) probands 41 different @entity4205 and @entity6881 mutations were identified, of which 12 were novel. Mutations affecting the highly conserved helix boundary motifs of the rod domains of K5 and @entity6881 , and the @entity6881 helix initiation motif in particular, were associated with the severest, @entity8612 Dowling-Meara, phenotype. In 21 @entity8612 probands (37%) the mutation was de novo. In 19 probands (25%) @entity4205 or @entity6881 mutations were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype-genotype correlation observed in this large @entity8612 population underscores the importance of helix boundary motifs for keratin assembly. Only three-quarters of biopsy-confirmed @entity8612 probands have @entity4205 or @entity6881 mutations, indicating genetic heterogeneity in @entity8612 . Alternative gene candidates are discussed.

title: Mutations in @entity4205 and @entity6881 cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex in 75% of the XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 of parents diagnosed with @entity162 ( @entity162 ), termed high-risk offspring (HRO), are at greater risk of developing @entity146 compared to healthy @entity1 of healthy parents (HCO). Gray matter volume (GMV) abnormalities have been observed in HRO, however, these reports are inconsistent. We posit that this variability may be attributed to differences in methodology among offspring studies; in particular, the presence of @entity146 symptoms in HRO. Here, we directly compared GMVs between symptomatic and asymptomatic HRO, and HCO. High-resolution T1-weighted MR images were collected from 31 HRO (18 symptomatic and 13 asymptomatic) and 20 age- and sex-matched HCO. HRO had at least one parent diagnosed with @entity162 . Symptomatic HRO were defined as having a @entity146 diagnosis other than @entity162 , while asymptomatic HRO were required to be free of any @entity146 diagnosis. Scans were processed using voxel-based morphometry methods and between group analyses were performed in SPM. Compared to HCO, the HRO group showed decreased GMV in the right inferior orbitofrontal, right middle frontal, and bilateral superior and middle temporal regions. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic HRO groups showed decreased GMV in these regions separately when compared to @entity264 . When comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic HRO, GMVs were comparable in all regions except the lateral occipital cortex. Our study compared symptomatic and asymptomatic HRO directly. In doing so, we provided further support for the presence of discrete @entity62 in HRO, and confirmed that these deficits are present irrespective of the presence of symptoms in HRO.

title: Gray matter volumes in symptomatic and asymptomatic offspring of parents diagnosed with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['GMV deficits']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a potent vasoconstrictor released from the sympathetic nerves, has been suggested to counterbalance sepsis-induced vasodilation. Thus, the changes in plasma and tissue NPY concentrations in relation to hemodynamic variables and inflammatory markers in a porcine model of moderate @entity326 were investigated. Susceptibility of NPY to be removed by continuous hemofiltration in two settings has been also studied. Thirty-four @entity12526 were divided into five groups: (i) control group; (ii) control group with conventional hemofiltration; (iii) septic group; (iv) septic group with conventional hemofiltration; and (v) septic group with high-volume hemofiltration. @entity295 induced by @entity298 continued for 22 h. Hemofiltration was applied for the last 10 h. Hemodynamic and inflammatory parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, plasma concentrations of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, interleukin-6, and NPY) were measured before and at 12 and 22 h of @entity298 . NPY tissue levels were determined in the left ventricle and mesenteric and coronary arteries. @entity295 induced long-lasting increases in the systemic NPY levels without affecting its tissue concentrations. Continuous hemofiltration at any dose did not reduce sepsis-induced elevations in NPY plasma concentrations, nor did it affect the peptide tissue levels. The increases in NPY systemic levels were significantly correlated with changes in the systemic vascular resistance. The results support the hypothesis of NPY implication in the regulation of the vascular resistance under septic conditions and indicate that NPY clearance rate during hemofiltration does not exceed the capacity of perivascular nerves to release it.

title: Plasma and tissue levels of neuropeptide y in experimental XXXX : relation to hemodynamics, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hemofiltration.

entities_list: @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['domestic pigs']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['fecal peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: @entity1144 is the hallmark of a number of @entity74 . The advent of imaging techniques such as MRI has allowed for a fast and accurate assessment of body fat content and distribution. However, image analysis continues to be one of the major obstacles to the use of MRI in large-scale studies. In this study we assess the validity of the recently proposed fat-muscle quantitation system (AMRA(TM) Profiler) for the quantification of intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) from abdominal MR images. Abdominal MR images were acquired from 23 volunteers with a broad range of BMIs and analysed using sliceOmatic, the current gold-standard, and the AMRA(TM) Profiler based on a non-rigid image registration of a library of segmented atlases. The results show that there was a highly significant correlation between the fat volumes generated by the two analysis methods, (Pearson correlation r = 0.97, p < 0.001), with the AMRA(TM) Profiler analysis being significantly faster (~3 min) than the conventional sliceOmatic approach (~40 min). There was also excellent agreement between the methods for the quantification of IAAT (AMRA 4.73    1.99 versus sliceOmatic 4.73    1.75 l, p = 0.97). For the AMRA(TM) Profiler analysis, the intra-observer coefficient of variation was 1.6% for IAAT and 1.1% for @entity1386 , the inter-observer coefficient of variation was 1.4% for IAAT and 1.2% for @entity1386 , the intra-observer correlation was 0.998 for IAAT and 0.999 for @entity1386 , and the inter-observer correlation was 0.999 for both IAAT and @entity1386 . These results indicate that precise and accurate measures of body fat content and distribution can be obtained in a fast and reliable form by the AMRA(TM) Profiler, opening up the possibility of large-scale @entity1 phenotypic studies. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Validation of a fast method for quantification of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue for large-scale XXXX studies.

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Central obesity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['non-inheritable disorders']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['ASAT', 'abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']