abstract: UNASSIGNED: WW domain containing oxidoreductase, designated @entity19702 , FOR or @entity19702 , is a known pro-apoptotic factor when ectopically expressed in various types of @entity5 cells, including @entity463 ( @entity463 ). The activation of sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) signaling, especially paracrine @entity4851 secretion in response to radiation, is associated with impairing the effective irradiation of @entity5 cells. Here, we examined the role of @entity4851 signaling and @entity19702 overexpression in the radiosensitivity of @entity1 @entity463 cells. Our results showed that ionizing irradiation (IR) increased the cytoplasmic @entity4851 and nuclear @entity8889 content in @entity463 U373MG and U87MG cells. @entity463 cells with exogenous @entity4851 treatment exhibited similar results. Pretreatment with @entity4851 peptides protected U373MG and U87MG cells against IR in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclopamine, a Hedgehog/Smoothened (SMO) inhibitor, reversed the protective effect of @entity4851 in U87MG cells. Cyclopamine increased @entity4851 plus IR-induced @entity6714 , a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, in these cells. To verify the role of @entity4851 signaling in the radiosensitivity of @entity463 cells, we tested the effect of the @entity8889 ( @entity8889 ) inhibitor zerumbone and found that it could sensitize @entity463 cells to IR. We next examined the role of @entity19702 in radiosensitivity. Overexpression of @entity19702 enhanced the radiosensitivity of U87MG (possessing wild type @entity876 or WTp53) but not U373MG (harboring mutant @entity876 or MTp53) cells. Pretreatment with @entity4851 peptides protected both @entity19702 -overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells against IR and increased the cytoplasmic @entity4851 and nuclear @entity8889 content. Zerumbone enhanced the radiosensitivity of @entity19702 -overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells. In conclusion, overexpression of @entity19702 preferentially sensitized @entity1 @entity463 cells possessing wild type @entity876 to radiation therapy. Blocking of @entity4851 signaling may enhance radiosensitivity independently of the expression of @entity876 and @entity19702 . The crosstalk between @entity4851 signaling and @entity19702 expression in @entity1 @entity463 warrants further investigation.

title: Modulation of Sonic hedgehog signaling and WW domain containing oxidoreductase @entity19702 expression enhances radiosensitivity of @entity1 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: WW domain containing oxidoreductase, designated @entity19702 , FOR or @entity19702 , is a known pro-apoptotic factor when ectopically expressed in various types of @entity5 cells, including @entity463 ( @entity463 ). The activation of sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) signaling, especially paracrine @entity4851 secretion in response to radiation, is associated with impairing the effective irradiation of @entity5 cells. Here, we examined the role of @entity4851 signaling and @entity19702 overexpression in the radiosensitivity of @entity1 @entity463 cells. Our results showed that ionizing irradiation (IR) increased the cytoplasmic @entity4851 and nuclear @entity8889 content in @entity463 U373MG and U87MG cells. @entity463 cells with exogenous @entity4851 treatment exhibited similar results. Pretreatment with @entity4851 peptides protected U373MG and U87MG cells against IR in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclopamine, a Hedgehog/Smoothened (SMO) inhibitor, reversed the protective effect of @entity4851 in U87MG cells. Cyclopamine increased @entity4851 plus IR-induced @entity6714 , a marker of DNA double-strand breaks, in these cells. To verify the role of @entity4851 signaling in the radiosensitivity of @entity463 cells, we tested the effect of the @entity8889 ( @entity8889 ) inhibitor zerumbone and found that it could sensitize @entity463 cells to IR. We next examined the role of @entity19702 in radiosensitivity. Overexpression of @entity19702 enhanced the radiosensitivity of U87MG (possessing wild type @entity876 or WTp53) but not U373MG (harboring mutant @entity876 or MTp53) cells. Pretreatment with @entity4851 peptides protected both @entity19702 -overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells against IR and increased the cytoplasmic @entity4851 and nuclear @entity8889 content. Zerumbone enhanced the radiosensitivity of @entity19702 -overexpressed U373MG and U87MG cells. In conclusion, overexpression of @entity19702 preferentially sensitized @entity1 @entity463 cells possessing wild type @entity876 to radiation therapy. Blocking of @entity4851 signaling may enhance radiosensitivity independently of the expression of @entity876 and @entity19702 . The crosstalk between @entity4851 signaling and @entity19702 expression in @entity1 @entity463 warrants further investigation.

title: Modulation of Sonic hedgehog signaling and WW domain containing oxidoreductase @entity19702 expression enhances radiosensitivity of XXXX @entity463 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity8889 :: ('2735', 'Gene') :: ['Gli-1', 'Gli family zinc finger 1']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Opioid ligands may exert antinociception through receptors expressed on peripheral afferent axons. Whether local opioid receptors might attenuate @entity9 is uncertain. In this work, we examined the function and expression of local mu opioid receptors (MORs) associated with the @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) model of sciatic @entity9 in @entity35 . Low-dose @entity1286 or its carrier were percutaneously superfused over the @entity8638 site with the injector blinded to the identity of the injectate. @entity1286 , but not its carrier, and not equimolar systemic doses of @entity1286 reversed thermal @entity1931 in a dose-related, @entity1510 -sensitive fashion. Moreover, @entity1337 was conferred at both 48 hours and 14 days after @entity8638 , times associated with very different stages of nerve repair. Equimolar local DAGO ([D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-(ol)] @entity10971 ), a selective MOR ligand, provided similar @entity1337 . Local @entity1286 also attenuated mechanical @entity1931 . MOR protein was expressed in axonal endbulbs of Cajal just proximal to the injury site, in aberrantly regenerating small axons in the @entity4847 around the @entity8638 site and in residual small axons distal to the @entity8638 lesion. Sensory neurons ipsilateral to @entity8638 had an increase in the proportion of neurons expressing MOR. We suggest that local MOR expressed in axons may be exploited to modulate some forms of @entity9 .

title: Mu opioid receptors and XXXX at the site of a peripheral nerve injury.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['epineurial sheath']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: The full-length infectious cDNA clone was constructed and sequenced from the strain @entity3918 of echovirus 9, which was recently isolated from a 6-week-old @entity1 at the clinical onset of type 1 @entity6 . Parallel with the @entity3918 , the full-length infectious cDNA clone of the prototype strain echovirus 9 Barty (Barty-INF), was constructed and sequenced. Genetic relationships of the sequenced echo 9 viruses to the other members of the @entity1 enterovirus type B species were studied by phylogenetic analyses. Comparison of capsid protein sequences showed that the @entity3918 was closely related to both prototype strains: Hill and Barty-INF. The only exception was the inner capsid protein VP4 where serotype specificity was not evident and the @entity3918 clustered with the strain Hill and the strain Barty-INF with echovirus 30 Bastianni. Likewise, the nonstructural protein coding region, P2P3, of @entity3918 was more similar to strain Hill than to strain Barty-INF. However, like echovirus 9 Barty, the @entity3918 contained the RGD-motif in the @entity1473 terminus of capsid protein VP1. By blocking experiments using an RGD-containing peptide and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum to the alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin, it was shown that this molecule works as a cellular receptor for @entity3918 . By using primary @entity1 islets, it was shown that the @entity3918 is capable of infecting insulin-producing beta-cells like the corresponding prototype strains did. However, only @entity3918 was clearly cytolytic for beta-cells. The infectious clones that were made allow further investigations of the molecular features responsible for the diabetogenicity of the @entity3918 .

title: Molecular and biological analysis of echovirus 9 strain isolated from a XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The full-length infectious cDNA clone was constructed and sequenced from the strain @entity3918 of echovirus 9, which was recently isolated from a 6-week-old @entity1 at the clinical onset of type 1 @entity6 . Parallel with the @entity3918 , the full-length infectious cDNA clone of the prototype strain echovirus 9 Barty (Barty-INF), was constructed and sequenced. Genetic relationships of the sequenced echo 9 viruses to the other members of the @entity1 enterovirus type B species were studied by phylogenetic analyses. Comparison of capsid protein sequences showed that the @entity3918 was closely related to both prototype strains: Hill and Barty-INF. The only exception was the inner capsid protein VP4 where serotype specificity was not evident and the @entity3918 clustered with the strain Hill and the strain Barty-INF with echovirus 30 Bastianni. Likewise, the nonstructural protein coding region, P2P3, of @entity3918 was more similar to strain Hill than to strain Barty-INF. However, like echovirus 9 Barty, the @entity3918 contained the RGD-motif in the @entity1473 terminus of capsid protein VP1. By blocking experiments using an RGD-containing peptide and a polyclonal rabbit antiserum to the alpha(v)beta(3)-integrin, it was shown that this molecule works as a cellular receptor for @entity3918 . By using primary @entity1 islets, it was shown that the @entity3918 is capable of infecting insulin-producing beta-cells like the corresponding prototype strains did. However, only @entity3918 was clearly cytolytic for beta-cells. The infectious clones that were made allow further investigations of the molecular features responsible for the diabetogenicity of the @entity3918 .

title: Molecular and biological analysis of echovirus 9 strain isolated from a @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity172 deprivation using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is currently the standard of care for postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity0 . Unfortunately, the majority of @entity1 treated with AIs eventually develop resistance, inevitably resulting in @entity1 relapse and, ultimately, @entity204 . The mechanism by which resistance occurs is still not completely known, however, recent studies suggest that impaired/defective interferon signaling might play a role. In the present study, we assessed the functional role of @entity17442 and @entity37032 ; two well-known interferon response genes in AI resistance. METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of @entity17442 , @entity37032 , @entity6897 , @entity17619 , and @entity26242 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 cells and AI-sensitive MCF-7 and T47D cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on tissue microarrays consisting of normal breast tissues, primary @entity0 , and @entity5 . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate intracellular @entity686 level. Neutralizing antibody was used to block type 1 interferon receptor IFNAR1 signaling. Small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown @entity17442 , @entity37032 , @entity6897 , @entity17619 , @entity26242 , and @entity686 expression. RESULTS: We found that @entity17442 and @entity37032 were constitutively overexpressed in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 and that siRNA knockdown of @entity17442 significantly inhibited the ability of the resistant cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Interestingly, suppression of @entity17442 significantly enhanced @entity53 -induced cell @entity204 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells and markedly increased expression of @entity3544 , @entity589 , and @entity1488 in these cells. Significantly elevated level of @entity686 was detected in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells compared to parental MCF-7 cells and suppression of @entity686 dramatically reduced @entity17442 , @entity37032 , p- @entity6897 , and p- @entity17619 expression in the resistant cells. Lastly, neutralizing antibody against @entity43429 and knockdown of @entity6897 / @entity17619 completely suppressed @entity17442 , @entity37032 , p- @entity6897 , and p- @entity17619 expression in the resistant cells, thus confirming the involvement of the canonical @entity686 signaling pathway in driving the overexpression of @entity17442 and other interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the resistant cells. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results demonstrate that constitutive overexpression of ISGs enhances the progression of @entity0 and that suppression of @entity17442 and other ISGs sensitizes AI-resistant cells to @entity172 -induced cell @entity204 .

title: Targeting interferon response genes sensitizes aromatase inhibitor resistant @entity0 cells to @entity172 -induced cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['AI-resistant breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast cancer cells and AI-resistant tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['AI-resistant recurrence tumors']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity172 deprivation using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is currently the standard of care for postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity0 . Unfortunately, the majority of @entity1 treated with AIs eventually develop resistance, inevitably resulting in @entity1 relapse and, ultimately, @entity204 . The mechanism by which resistance occurs is still not completely known, however, recent studies suggest that impaired/defective interferon signaling might play a role. In the present study, we assessed the functional role of @entity17442 and @entity37032 ; two well-known interferon response genes in AI resistance. METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of @entity17442 , @entity37032 , @entity6897 , @entity17619 , and @entity26242 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 cells and AI-sensitive MCF-7 and T47D cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on tissue microarrays consisting of normal breast tissues, primary @entity0 , and @entity5 . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate intracellular @entity686 level. Neutralizing antibody was used to block type 1 interferon receptor IFNAR1 signaling. Small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown @entity17442 , @entity37032 , @entity6897 , @entity17619 , @entity26242 , and @entity686 expression. RESULTS: We found that @entity17442 and @entity37032 were constitutively overexpressed in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 and that siRNA knockdown of @entity17442 significantly inhibited the ability of the resistant cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Interestingly, suppression of @entity17442 significantly enhanced @entity53 -induced cell @entity204 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells and markedly increased expression of @entity3544 , @entity589 , and @entity1488 in these cells. Significantly elevated level of @entity686 was detected in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells compared to parental MCF-7 cells and suppression of @entity686 dramatically reduced @entity17442 , @entity37032 , p- @entity6897 , and p- @entity17619 expression in the resistant cells. Lastly, neutralizing antibody against @entity43429 and knockdown of @entity6897 / @entity17619 completely suppressed @entity17442 , @entity37032 , p- @entity6897 , and p- @entity17619 expression in the resistant cells, thus confirming the involvement of the canonical @entity686 signaling pathway in driving the overexpression of @entity17442 and other interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the resistant cells. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results demonstrate that constitutive overexpression of ISGs enhances the progression of @entity0 and that suppression of @entity17442 and other ISGs sensitizes AI-resistant cells to @entity172 -induced cell @entity204 .

title: Targeting interferon response genes sensitizes aromatase inhibitor resistant @entity0 cells to XXXX -induced cell @entity204 .

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity172 deprivation using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is currently the standard of care for postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity0 . Unfortunately, the majority of @entity1 treated with AIs eventually develop resistance, inevitably resulting in @entity1 relapse and, ultimately, @entity204 . The mechanism by which resistance occurs is still not completely known, however, recent studies suggest that impaired/defective interferon signaling might play a role. In the present study, we assessed the functional role of @entity17442 and @entity37032 ; two well-known interferon response genes in AI resistance. METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of @entity17442 , @entity37032 , @entity6897 , @entity17619 , and @entity26242 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 cells and AI-sensitive MCF-7 and T47D cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on tissue microarrays consisting of normal breast tissues, primary @entity0 , and @entity5 . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate intracellular @entity686 level. Neutralizing antibody was used to block type 1 interferon receptor IFNAR1 signaling. Small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown @entity17442 , @entity37032 , @entity6897 , @entity17619 , @entity26242 , and @entity686 expression. RESULTS: We found that @entity17442 and @entity37032 were constitutively overexpressed in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 and that siRNA knockdown of @entity17442 significantly inhibited the ability of the resistant cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Interestingly, suppression of @entity17442 significantly enhanced @entity53 -induced cell @entity204 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells and markedly increased expression of @entity3544 , @entity589 , and @entity1488 in these cells. Significantly elevated level of @entity686 was detected in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells compared to parental MCF-7 cells and suppression of @entity686 dramatically reduced @entity17442 , @entity37032 , p- @entity6897 , and p- @entity17619 expression in the resistant cells. Lastly, neutralizing antibody against @entity43429 and knockdown of @entity6897 / @entity17619 completely suppressed @entity17442 , @entity37032 , p- @entity6897 , and p- @entity17619 expression in the resistant cells, thus confirming the involvement of the canonical @entity686 signaling pathway in driving the overexpression of @entity17442 and other interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the resistant cells. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results demonstrate that constitutive overexpression of ISGs enhances the progression of @entity0 and that suppression of @entity17442 and other ISGs sensitizes AI-resistant cells to @entity172 -induced cell @entity204 .

title: Targeting interferon response genes sensitizes aromatase inhibitor resistant XXXX cells to @entity172 -induced cell @entity204 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence of potential benefits of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the rehabilitation of @entity1282 . However, the site and frequency of stimulation for optimal effects are not clear. AIMS: The aim of this pilot study is to investigate the short-term effects of high-frequency 5 Hz rTMS applied to the tongue region of the motor cortex on swallowing functions and the quality of life of post- @entity64 individuals with @entity1282 . METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Two male and two female @entity1 were assigned randomly to active and sham groups. The @entity1 in the active group received 10 sessions of active rTMS for 2 weeks, whereas the sham @entity1 received 10 sessions of sham rTMS for 2 weeks. Each @entity1 received a total of 3000 pulses of 5 Hz active or sham rTMS per day for 10 days. Outcome measures were taken at baseline, 1 week and 1 month post-rTMS. OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: @entity1 who received active rTMS had improved swallowing functions and swallowing-related quality of life at 1 week and 1 month post-stimulation. CONCLUSIONS _ IMPLICATIONS: The study showed that excitatory rTMS applied over the tongue motor cortex is a feasible approach in individuals with @entity64 . Further investigation with larger sample population is warranted to support the benefit of this stimulation protocol.

title: Preliminary evidence of the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on swallowing functions in post- XXXX individuals with chronic @entity1282 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic post-stroke dysphagia', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence of potential benefits of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the rehabilitation of @entity1282 . However, the site and frequency of stimulation for optimal effects are not clear. AIMS: The aim of this pilot study is to investigate the short-term effects of high-frequency 5 Hz rTMS applied to the tongue region of the motor cortex on swallowing functions and the quality of life of post- @entity64 individuals with @entity1282 . METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Two male and two female @entity1 were assigned randomly to active and sham groups. The @entity1 in the active group received 10 sessions of active rTMS for 2 weeks, whereas the sham @entity1 received 10 sessions of sham rTMS for 2 weeks. Each @entity1 received a total of 3000 pulses of 5 Hz active or sham rTMS per day for 10 days. Outcome measures were taken at baseline, 1 week and 1 month post-rTMS. OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: @entity1 who received active rTMS had improved swallowing functions and swallowing-related quality of life at 1 week and 1 month post-stimulation. CONCLUSIONS _ IMPLICATIONS: The study showed that excitatory rTMS applied over the tongue motor cortex is a feasible approach in individuals with @entity64 . Further investigation with larger sample population is warranted to support the benefit of this stimulation protocol.

title: Preliminary evidence of the effects of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on swallowing functions in post- @entity64 individuals with chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A growing body of evidence has indicated that @entity8238 ( @entity8238 ) inhibitors have antihypertensive effects. Here, we aim to examine the effect of vildagliptin, a @entity8238 -specific inhibitor, on blood pressure and its circadian-dipping pattern during the development of salt-dependent @entity101 in @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) @entity35 . @entity1702 @entity35 were treated with a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) plus vehicle or vildagliptin (3 or 10   mg   kg(-1) twice daily by oral gavage) for 7 days. Blood pressure was measured by the telemetry system. High-salt diet for 7 days significantly increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and were also associated with an extreme dipping pattern of blood pressure in @entity1702 @entity35 . Treatment with vildagliptin dose-dependently decreased plasma @entity8238 activity, increased plasma @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ) levels and attenuated the development of salt-induced @entity101 . Furthermore, vildagliptin significantly increased urine sodium excretion and normalized the dipping pattern of blood pressure. In contrast, intracerebroventricular infusion of vildagliptin (50, 500 or 2500    g) did not alter MAP and heart rate in @entity1702 @entity35 . These data suggest that salt-dependent @entity101 initially develops with an extreme blood pressure dipping pattern. The @entity8238 inhibitor, vildagliptin, may elicit beneficial antihypertensive effects, including the improvement of abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern, by enhancing urinary sodium excretion. @entity101 Research advance online publication, 15 January 2015; doi:10.1038/hr.2014.173.

title: Effect of XXXX inhibition on circadian blood pressure during the development of salt-dependent @entity101 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'Dahl salt-sensitive']

answer: @entity8238 :: (25253(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['dipeptidyl peptidase-4']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A growing body of evidence has indicated that @entity8238 ( @entity8238 ) inhibitors have antihypertensive effects. Here, we aim to examine the effect of vildagliptin, a @entity8238 -specific inhibitor, on blood pressure and its circadian-dipping pattern during the development of salt-dependent @entity101 in @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) @entity35 . @entity1702 @entity35 were treated with a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) plus vehicle or vildagliptin (3 or 10   mg   kg(-1) twice daily by oral gavage) for 7 days. Blood pressure was measured by the telemetry system. High-salt diet for 7 days significantly increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and were also associated with an extreme dipping pattern of blood pressure in @entity1702 @entity35 . Treatment with vildagliptin dose-dependently decreased plasma @entity8238 activity, increased plasma @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ) levels and attenuated the development of salt-induced @entity101 . Furthermore, vildagliptin significantly increased urine sodium excretion and normalized the dipping pattern of blood pressure. In contrast, intracerebroventricular infusion of vildagliptin (50, 500 or 2500    g) did not alter MAP and heart rate in @entity1702 @entity35 . These data suggest that salt-dependent @entity101 initially develops with an extreme blood pressure dipping pattern. The @entity8238 inhibitor, vildagliptin, may elicit beneficial antihypertensive effects, including the improvement of abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern, by enhancing urinary sodium excretion. @entity101 Research advance online publication, 15 January 2015; doi:10.1038/hr.2014.173.

title: Effect of @entity8238 inhibition on circadian blood pressure during the development of salt-dependent XXXX in @entity35 .

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A growing body of evidence has indicated that @entity8238 ( @entity8238 ) inhibitors have antihypertensive effects. Here, we aim to examine the effect of vildagliptin, a @entity8238 -specific inhibitor, on blood pressure and its circadian-dipping pattern during the development of salt-dependent @entity101 in @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) @entity35 . @entity1702 @entity35 were treated with a high-salt diet (8% NaCl) plus vehicle or vildagliptin (3 or 10   mg   kg(-1) twice daily by oral gavage) for 7 days. Blood pressure was measured by the telemetry system. High-salt diet for 7 days significantly increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and were also associated with an extreme dipping pattern of blood pressure in @entity1702 @entity35 . Treatment with vildagliptin dose-dependently decreased plasma @entity8238 activity, increased plasma @entity15212 ( @entity15212 ) levels and attenuated the development of salt-induced @entity101 . Furthermore, vildagliptin significantly increased urine sodium excretion and normalized the dipping pattern of blood pressure. In contrast, intracerebroventricular infusion of vildagliptin (50, 500 or 2500    g) did not alter MAP and heart rate in @entity1702 @entity35 . These data suggest that salt-dependent @entity101 initially develops with an extreme blood pressure dipping pattern. The @entity8238 inhibitor, vildagliptin, may elicit beneficial antihypertensive effects, including the improvement of abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern, by enhancing urinary sodium excretion. @entity101 Research advance online publication, 15 January 2015; doi:10.1038/hr.2014.173.

title: Effect of @entity8238 inhibition on circadian blood pressure during the development of salt-dependent @entity101 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hysteroscopy has acquired a central role in the clinical diagnosis of intrauterine pathologies. This study evaluated the feasibility, procedure modality, tolerability, complications and diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopy in the management of @entity1 with @entity3556 ( @entity3556 ). METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out on 512 @entity1 (age range: 38-80 years, mean age: 63) with @entity3556 who attended our hysteroscopy outpatient service from January 1996 to December 2001. After undergoing transvaginal sonography, the @entity1 were referred for further diagnostic studies. Ambulatory hysteroscopy without premedication was performed using a Hamou hysteroscope and physiological solution or @entity515 as distension medium. Guided biopsy with a Novak cannula completed the examination. When focal lesions were found, the @entity1 were referred for surgical treatment (hysteroscopic resection, hysterectomy, etc.). Hysteroscopic and histologic findings were then compared. RESULTS: Locoregional or general anaesthesia was required in only 9.3% of cases to complete the examination. Overall, the examination was well tolerated; one case of serious complications ( @entity11419 which resolved rapidly) and 18 cases of shoulder @entity158 were recorded. The hysteroscopic picture was normal in 25% of cases, benign pathology was diagnosed in 58.6% and suspected malignant @entity5 in 16.4%. Correlation rates between hysteroscopic and histologic diagnoses are reported for the various hysteroscopic pictures. CONCLUSIONS: Ambulatory hysteroscopy was shown to be a simple, safe, well tolerated and reliable procedure in the diagnosis of @entity3556 across all age groups. Its widespread use can drastically reduce the need for conventional curettage, thereby increasing @entity1 satisfaction and lowering costs.

title: [Diagnostic hysteroscopy in XXXX . Five-years' experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['AUB', 'abnormal uterine bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity11419 :: ('MESH:C536827', 'Disease') :: ['vagal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['blade pain']

answer: @entity3556 :: (MESH:D014592,Disease) :: ['abnormal uterine bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasingly, clinicians advocate the use of nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem-cell transplants (NM-allo-SCTs, "mini-transplants") to manage @entity1583 . They hypothesize that NM-allo-SCT is equally efficacious to standard allo-SCT but produces less regimen-related @entity137 . METHODS: To analyze available evidence on the benefits and harms of "mini-transplants," we identified 23 manuscripts, 1 abstract, and 1 letter that reported the outcome of mini-transplants in @entity1583 . RESULTS: Data were compiled on 603 treated @entity1 , with 118 transplants using stem cells from matched unrelated donors. All studies were small prospective case series, and most lacked concurrent or historical controls. Outcomes of interest were not uniformly reported. The studies were heterogeneous and used different @entity1 selection criteria, conditioning regimens, and timing of transplant with respect to disease status. The transplant-related mortality rate was 32%, the relapse rate was 15%, and @entity137 included acute and chronic @entity2132 and @entity5501 . The aggregate rate of complete remission was 45%. Survival at 1 year or longer ranged from 30% to 60% at 1 to 5 years of follow-up. All studies reported successful chimerism. CONCLUSIONS: Disease-specific studies with longer follow-up are needed to evaluate this potentially promising therapy.

title: Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-vs-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematologic malignancies']


abstract: Local transrectal @entity221 (LTH) was used to treat 139 @entity1 with @entity1067 aged 54-86 if they did not demand urgent surgery. LTH mechanism of action was studied by blood rheology, immunity characteristics, prostatic tissue @entity801 concentrations, morphological alterations after @entity221 followed by TUR and adenomectomy. Clinical evaluation covered dysuria dynamics, uroflowmetry values, quantitation of residual urine and measurement of the prostate. The @entity1 combined @entity652 with @entity1069 , acute urine retention, cystostomy @entity292 (43, 22 and 16 @entity1 , respectively). A microwave electromagnetic @entity221 unit "Yakhta-4M" made in Russia (434 MHz, 200 W) heated the prostate to 43-44 degrees C. Two procedures a week of 60 min duration were performed within 3-5 weeks. LTH results in reduced blood viscosity, has no effect on @entity1003 , enhances neutrophil phagocytic function inhibiting their metabolic activity without affecting humoral immunity, raises 2-fold @entity801 concentrations in the prostatic tissue compared to blood and urine levels. Histologically, LTH does not alter prostatic parenchyma, but induces structural shifts in the muscular and connective tissue of the stroma producing stabilizing action on acinar epithelium. Clinical picture was characterized by subjective improvement in 72% of those treated, by urination recovery in 70% of the @entity1 . 73% of the latter experienced @entity5173 which rid them of the @entity292 without operation. In general, mechanism of LTH action is brought to improvement of microcirculation, enhancement of cellular phagocytosis with a tendency to prostatic tissue sclerosing and stabilization of growth of the glandular tissue.

title: [The mechanism of the action of local transrectal XXXX in treating @entity1067 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['chronic prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cystostomy drainage']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: Local transrectal @entity221 (LTH) was used to treat 139 @entity1 with @entity1067 aged 54-86 if they did not demand urgent surgery. LTH mechanism of action was studied by blood rheology, immunity characteristics, prostatic tissue @entity801 concentrations, morphological alterations after @entity221 followed by TUR and adenomectomy. Clinical evaluation covered dysuria dynamics, uroflowmetry values, quantitation of residual urine and measurement of the prostate. The @entity1 combined @entity652 with @entity1069 , acute urine retention, cystostomy @entity292 (43, 22 and 16 @entity1 , respectively). A microwave electromagnetic @entity221 unit "Yakhta-4M" made in Russia (434 MHz, 200 W) heated the prostate to 43-44 degrees C. Two procedures a week of 60 min duration were performed within 3-5 weeks. LTH results in reduced blood viscosity, has no effect on @entity1003 , enhances neutrophil phagocytic function inhibiting their metabolic activity without affecting humoral immunity, raises 2-fold @entity801 concentrations in the prostatic tissue compared to blood and urine levels. Histologically, LTH does not alter prostatic parenchyma, but induces structural shifts in the muscular and connective tissue of the stroma producing stabilizing action on acinar epithelium. Clinical picture was characterized by subjective improvement in 72% of those treated, by urination recovery in 70% of the @entity1 . 73% of the latter experienced @entity5173 which rid them of the @entity292 without operation. In general, mechanism of LTH action is brought to improvement of microcirculation, enhancement of cellular phagocytosis with a tendency to prostatic tissue sclerosing and stabilization of growth of the glandular tissue.

title: [The mechanism of the action of local transrectal @entity221 in treating XXXX ].

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['prostatic adenoma']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) refers to retarded conditioning to a stimulus as a consequence of its inconsequential pre-exposure, and disrupted @entity9178 in the @entity35 is considered to model an @entity71 in @entity161 . Blockade of @entity143 receptor transmission, which produces behavioral effects potentially relevant to @entity161 symptomatology in several animal models, has been reported to spare @entity9178 . OBJECTIVES: To show that systemic administration of the non-competitive @entity143 antagonist @entity3390 will lead to an abnormally persistent @entity9178 which will emerge under conditions that disrupt @entity9178 in controls, and that this will be reversed by the atypical neuroleptic @entity1088 but not by the typical neuroleptic @entity1767 , as found for other @entity143 antagonist-induced models. METHODS: @entity9178 was measured in a thirst-motivated conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure by comparing suppression of drinking in response to a tone in @entity35 which previously received 0 (non-pre-exposed) or 40 tone exposures (pre-exposed) followed by two (experiment 1) or five (experiments 2-5) tone - foot @entity1457 . RESULTS: @entity3390 at doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg reduced conditioned suppression while no effect on suppression was seen at the 0.05 mg/kg dose. At the latter dose, intact @entity9178 was seen with parameters that produced @entity9178 in controls (40 pre-exposures and two conditioning trials). Raising the number of conditioning trials to five disrupted @entity9178 in control @entity35 , but @entity3390 -treated @entity35 continued to show @entity9178 , and this abnormally persistent @entity9178 was due to the action of @entity3390 in the conditioning stage. @entity3390 -induced @entity9178 was unaffected by both @entity1767 (0.1 mg/kg) and @entity1088 (5 mg/kg) administered in conditioning, and was reversed by @entity1088 but not by @entity1767 administered in pre-exposure. CONCLUSION: @entity3390 -induced perseveration of @entity9178 is consistent with other reports of perseverative behaviors, suggested to be particularly relevant to negative symptoms of @entity161 , following @entity143 receptor blockade. We suggest that @entity9178 may model impaired attentional set shifting associated with negative symptoms of @entity161 . Moreover, the finding that the action of @entity3390 on @entity9178 and the action of @entity1088 are exerted in different stages of the @entity9178 procedure suggests that the @entity3390 -based @entity9178 model may provide a unique screening tool for the identification of novel antipsychotic compounds, whereby the @entity161 -mimicking @entity2526 is drug-induced, but the detection of the antipsychotic action is not dependent on the mechanism of action of the pro-psychotic drug.

title: Systemic administration of XXXX produces an abnormally persistent latent inhibition which is reversed by @entity1088 but not @entity1767 .

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LI perseveration', 'LI', 'Latent inhibition']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attentional deficit']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['shock pairings']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['LI abnormality']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity3390 :: (MESH:D016291,Chemical) :: ['MK-801']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) refers to retarded conditioning to a stimulus as a consequence of its inconsequential pre-exposure, and disrupted @entity9178 in the @entity35 is considered to model an @entity71 in @entity161 . Blockade of @entity143 receptor transmission, which produces behavioral effects potentially relevant to @entity161 symptomatology in several animal models, has been reported to spare @entity9178 . OBJECTIVES: To show that systemic administration of the non-competitive @entity143 antagonist @entity3390 will lead to an abnormally persistent @entity9178 which will emerge under conditions that disrupt @entity9178 in controls, and that this will be reversed by the atypical neuroleptic @entity1088 but not by the typical neuroleptic @entity1767 , as found for other @entity143 antagonist-induced models. METHODS: @entity9178 was measured in a thirst-motivated conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure by comparing suppression of drinking in response to a tone in @entity35 which previously received 0 (non-pre-exposed) or 40 tone exposures (pre-exposed) followed by two (experiment 1) or five (experiments 2-5) tone - foot @entity1457 . RESULTS: @entity3390 at doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg reduced conditioned suppression while no effect on suppression was seen at the 0.05 mg/kg dose. At the latter dose, intact @entity9178 was seen with parameters that produced @entity9178 in controls (40 pre-exposures and two conditioning trials). Raising the number of conditioning trials to five disrupted @entity9178 in control @entity35 , but @entity3390 -treated @entity35 continued to show @entity9178 , and this abnormally persistent @entity9178 was due to the action of @entity3390 in the conditioning stage. @entity3390 -induced @entity9178 was unaffected by both @entity1767 (0.1 mg/kg) and @entity1088 (5 mg/kg) administered in conditioning, and was reversed by @entity1088 but not by @entity1767 administered in pre-exposure. CONCLUSION: @entity3390 -induced perseveration of @entity9178 is consistent with other reports of perseverative behaviors, suggested to be particularly relevant to negative symptoms of @entity161 , following @entity143 receptor blockade. We suggest that @entity9178 may model impaired attentional set shifting associated with negative symptoms of @entity161 . Moreover, the finding that the action of @entity3390 on @entity9178 and the action of @entity1088 are exerted in different stages of the @entity9178 procedure suggests that the @entity3390 -based @entity9178 model may provide a unique screening tool for the identification of novel antipsychotic compounds, whereby the @entity161 -mimicking @entity2526 is drug-induced, but the detection of the antipsychotic action is not dependent on the mechanism of action of the pro-psychotic drug.

title: Systemic administration of @entity3390 produces an abnormally persistent latent inhibition which is reversed by XXXX but not @entity1767 .

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['clozapine']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) refers to retarded conditioning to a stimulus as a consequence of its inconsequential pre-exposure, and disrupted @entity9178 in the @entity35 is considered to model an @entity71 in @entity161 . Blockade of @entity143 receptor transmission, which produces behavioral effects potentially relevant to @entity161 symptomatology in several animal models, has been reported to spare @entity9178 . OBJECTIVES: To show that systemic administration of the non-competitive @entity143 antagonist @entity3390 will lead to an abnormally persistent @entity9178 which will emerge under conditions that disrupt @entity9178 in controls, and that this will be reversed by the atypical neuroleptic @entity1088 but not by the typical neuroleptic @entity1767 , as found for other @entity143 antagonist-induced models. METHODS: @entity9178 was measured in a thirst-motivated conditioned emotional response (CER) procedure by comparing suppression of drinking in response to a tone in @entity35 which previously received 0 (non-pre-exposed) or 40 tone exposures (pre-exposed) followed by two (experiment 1) or five (experiments 2-5) tone - foot @entity1457 . RESULTS: @entity3390 at doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg reduced conditioned suppression while no effect on suppression was seen at the 0.05 mg/kg dose. At the latter dose, intact @entity9178 was seen with parameters that produced @entity9178 in controls (40 pre-exposures and two conditioning trials). Raising the number of conditioning trials to five disrupted @entity9178 in control @entity35 , but @entity3390 -treated @entity35 continued to show @entity9178 , and this abnormally persistent @entity9178 was due to the action of @entity3390 in the conditioning stage. @entity3390 -induced @entity9178 was unaffected by both @entity1767 (0.1 mg/kg) and @entity1088 (5 mg/kg) administered in conditioning, and was reversed by @entity1088 but not by @entity1767 administered in pre-exposure. CONCLUSION: @entity3390 -induced perseveration of @entity9178 is consistent with other reports of perseverative behaviors, suggested to be particularly relevant to negative symptoms of @entity161 , following @entity143 receptor blockade. We suggest that @entity9178 may model impaired attentional set shifting associated with negative symptoms of @entity161 . Moreover, the finding that the action of @entity3390 on @entity9178 and the action of @entity1088 are exerted in different stages of the @entity9178 procedure suggests that the @entity3390 -based @entity9178 model may provide a unique screening tool for the identification of novel antipsychotic compounds, whereby the @entity161 -mimicking @entity2526 is drug-induced, but the detection of the antipsychotic action is not dependent on the mechanism of action of the pro-psychotic drug.

title: Systemic administration of @entity3390 produces an abnormally persistent latent inhibition which is reversed by @entity1088 but not XXXX .

answer: @entity1767 :: (MESH:D006220,Chemical) :: ['haloperidol']


abstract: RATIONALE: When ad libitum-fed (AL) @entity35 undergo cocaine place preference conditioning (CPP) but are switched to food restriction (FR) for testing, CPP is enhanced and preference scores correlate with phosphorylation of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor @entity4860 at Ser845 in nucleus accumbens (NAc) core. OBJECTIVES: The present study tested whether a similar association exists in AL @entity35 and whether an inhibitor of Ca(2+)-permeable AMPARs blocks CPP expression in either diet group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In experiments 1-3, AL @entity35 were conditioned with cocaine (12.0  mg/kg, i.p.). Three weeks later, CPP was tested daily and brains were harvested after the fifth test. Western analyses were used to probe for levels of AMPA receptors in NAc. In experiment 4, AL @entity35 were conditioned, half were switched to FR for testing, and half in each diet group received NAc core microinjection of 1-naphthylacetyl spermine (NASPM (NASPM) (25.0   g) prior to each test. RESULTS: In experiment 1, CPP expression in AL @entity35 was associated with elevated pSer845- @entity4860 , @entity4860 , and @entity139 in NAc. In experiment 2, the correlation between pSer845- @entity4860 and CPP was localized to NAc core. In experiment 3, pSer845- @entity4860 following a CPP test was higher in NAc synaptic membranes of FR relative to AL @entity35 . In experiment 4, NASPM blocked CPP expression in both diet groups. CONCLUSIONS: Results support a scheme in which pSer845- @entity4860 in NAc core underlies expression of cocaine CPP and does so by stabilizing or trafficking Ca(2+)-permeable AMPARs to the synaptic membrane. The more robust CPP of FR @entity35 may result from upregulation of stimulus-induced pSer845- @entity4860 .

title: Nucleus accumbens AMPA receptor involvement in cocaine-conditioned place preference under different dietary conditions in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Germ-cell @entity5 can be subdivided into germinoma, @entity189 , @entity1466 , @entity2970 (yolk-sac @entity5 ), and @entity44 . They are also distinguished by their production of secreted markers such as @entity160 produced in @entity2970 and @entity189 or beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin, produced by @entity189 . Germinoma and @entity44 produce none of the markers. Because it has been proposed that @entity44 may differentiate from multipotent stem cells contained in @entity189 and are thus lineage related, the presence of markers indicates the presence of a @entity2971 . @entity2971 are an invariably fatal subgroup within the pediatric pineal region germ-cell @entity5 . There is no effective, established therapeutic regimen. We report the treatment regimen for three @entity1 diagnosed with this highly aggressive @entity5 entity. The @entity1 were first given a course of chemotherapy with @entity1732 , @entity2879 , and @entity900 . This resulted in the normalization of markers and the shrinkage of @entity5 . These were then removed by the infratentorial supracerebellar approach. Removal was followed by a second course of chemotherapy with @entity5713 , @entity1260 , and @entity900 ; after which the @entity1 underwent radiotherapy. All three @entity1 are well and without evidence of residual or recurrent disease 20, 30, and 32 months after surgery, respectively. We propose this therapy regimen for @entity1 in whom the markers are positive.

title: Treatment of XXXX of the pineal region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['Nongerminomatous germ-cell tumors', 'nongerminomatous germ-cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['endodermal sinus tumors', 'endodermal sinus tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma', 'embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['nongerminomatous germ-cell tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) as treatment in acute @entity64 may be insufficient to achieve recanalisation in certain @entity1 . Predicting probability of non-recanalisation after IVT may have the potential to influence @entity1 selection to more aggressive management strategies. We aimed at deriving and internally validating a predictive score for post-thrombolytic non-recanalisation, using clinical and radiological variables. In thrombolysis registries from four Swiss academic @entity64 centres (Lausanne, Bern, Basel and Geneva), @entity1 were selected with large @entity432 on acute imaging and with repeated arterial assessment at 24 hours. Based on a logistic regression analysis, an integer-based score for each covariate of the fitted multivariate model was generated. Performance of integer-based predictive model was assessed by bootstrapping available data and cross validation (delete-d method). In 599 @entity64 , five variables were identified as independent predictors of absence of recanalisation: Acute glucose >   7 mmol/l (A), significant @entity853 (ST), decreased Range of visual fields (R), large @entity432 (A) and decreased Level of consciousness (L). All variables were weighted 1, except for (L) which obtained 2 points based on b-coefficients on the logistic scale. ASTRAL-R scores 0, 3 and 6 corresponded to non-recanalisation probabilities of 18, 44 and 74   % respectively. Predictive ability showed AUC of 0.66 (95   %CI, 0.61-0.70) when using bootstrap and 0.66 (0.63-0.68) when using delete-d cross validation. In conclusion, the 5-item ASTRAL-R score moderately predicts non-recanalisation at 24 hours in thrombolysed @entity64 . If its performance can be confirmed by external validation and its clinical usefulness can be proven, the score may influence @entity1 selection for more aggressive revascularisation strategies in routine clinical practice.

title: ASTRAL-R score predicts non-recanalisation after intravenous thrombolysis in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic strokes', 'thrombolysed strokes']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['extracranial vessel STenosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial occlusion', 'arterial occlusion']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3293 ( @entity3293 ) is a rare @entity5 . Despite a consensus for the distinct clinicopathologic entity of @entity3293 , its clinical features remain controversial. In addition, most studies have contained a small number of @entity1 who underwent definitive surgical treatment. METHODS: Forty-two cases of @entity3293 , which had been identified from files of eight affiliated hospitals and confirmed for histologic diagnosis at the Pathology Center, were analyzed for histologic grade, demographics, treatments, outcomes, and prognostic factors. The average follow-up period was 7.4 years. RESULTS: Included in the study were 20 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 with a mean age at diagnosis of 52.1 years. The @entity5 were located mainly in the lower extremities (69%). Thirty-three @entity5 (79%) were classified as Grade 1 and nine as Grade 2 according to the modified French System. Overall survival was 100% at 5 years and 88% at 10 years. Disease-free survival was 45% at 5 years and 36% at 10 years. Inadequate initial surgery was defined as a significant risk factor for local recurrence by univariate analysis of all 42 @entity1 but not by the analysis of those 30 @entity1 who had undergone wide @entity5 excision or amputation. Wide excision led to the recurrence rate of 14%. CONCLUSIONS: These findings supported the role of wide excision in the local control of @entity3293 , irrespective of the previous excision procedure or recurrence. The protracted clinical course of the @entity5 and the presence of @entity1 who had distant metastasis develop after definitive surgery of the @entity5 represented @entity3293 as intermediate @entity5 .

title: XXXX : a Multi-Institutional Study of 42 Cases in Japan.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'malignancy', 'malignant neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3293 :: ('MESH:C563195', 'Disease') :: ['EMC', 'Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity3293 :: (MESH:C563195,Disease) :: ['Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The AHA/ACC 2013 guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce @entity65 ( @entity65 ) in adults contains major differences with the previous ESC/EAS 2011 guidelines and the remaining international guidelines, which has generated major controversies. The AHA/ACC document has developed a new model for estimating @entity65 for primary prevention which is not comparable with the SCORE recommended in the European guidelines. This guideline does not establish a fixed target for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc). Instead, it identifies 4 major statin benefit groups at risk for the development @entity65 , who should receive low-, moderate-, and high-intensity statin therapy to reduce LCLc. In contrast, the European guidelines maintain LDLc as the main treatment target and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a secondary treatment target. The document recommends calculating @entity65 for the overall treatment of @entity1 with @entity2299 according to 4 risk levels (low, moderate, high, and very high), establishes LDLc treatment targets, and recommends a statin-based therapeutic strategy and other, lipid-lowering strategies, aimed at achieving these targets. The American guidelines cannot be extrapolated to the European population. Target-based treatment, as recommended in the EAS/ESC guidelines, is the best strategy for Europe. In Spain, the Primary Care Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine (semFYC) and the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) are based on the European recommendations. Finally, the Spanish Society of @entity4288 (SEA), SEMERGEN, semFYC and the Spanish Society of General Medicine (SEMG) are reaching a consensus on the approach and management of @entity1 with @entity2299 in primary care.

title: [Guidelines for the management of XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['ASCVD', 'cardiovascular risk', 'atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['Arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'atherogenic dyslipidemia']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity704 is best treated by surgical resection; however, no clear guidelines have been created regarding lymph node sampling at the time of resection. Additionally, the prognostic implications of nodal @entity3 are unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic implications of nodal @entity3 in @entity704 . METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for @entity1 who underwent surgical resection of @entity704 with documented pathologic examination of lymph nodes. The impact of nodal status on survival and @entity704 staging was examined. RESULTS: We identified 442 @entity1 who underwent @entity704 resection with pathologic evaluation of 1 or more  lymph nodes. A median of 2 nodes were sampled per @entity1 . Fifty-nine @entity1 (59 of 442, 13.3%) had >= 1 positive node. @entity1 with positive nodes were younger and had smaller @entity5 than node-negative @entity1 . Median survival in the node-positive @entity1 was 98 months, compared with 144 months in node-negative @entity1 (P  =  .013). In multivariable analysis, the presence of positive nodes had a significant, independent, adverse impact on survival (hazard ratio 1.945, 95% confidence interval 1.296-2.919, P  =  .001). The presence of nodal @entity3 resulted in a change in classification to a higher stage in 80% of @entity1 , the majority from Masaoka-Koga stage III to stage IV. CONCLUSIONS: Nodal status seems to be an important prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity704 . Until the prognostic significance of nodal @entity3 is better understood, surgical therapy for @entity704 should include sampling of regional lymph nodes.

title: Resection of XXXX should include nodal sampling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['Thymoma', 'thymoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymoma']


abstract: We analyzed the effect of isotype variation on effectiveness of B-cell @entity1075 immunotoxins (IT) by using class switch variants (CLB-B4-IgG1 and CLB-B4-IgG2a) conjugated to ricin A. Notably, IgG1-IT appeared to be approximately 100-fold more potent than IgG2a-IT toward B-cell lines Daudi and KM3. Binding and internalization studies with 125I-labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) revealed a higher cellular uptake of IgG1 compared to IgG2a, despite similar binding affinities. Following removal of the Fc part, both mAbs internalized at the same rate as IgG2a, indicating that the Fc part of IgG1 is involved in enhanced cellular uptake. The involvement of Fc gamma RII ( @entity222 ) in this process was demonstrated by a decreased cytotoxicity of IgG1-IT (and not IgG2a-IT) in the presence of Fc gamma RII-blocking mAbs AT10 or IV.3. To identify the isoform responsible for this phenomenon, internalization of IgG1 and IgG2a in 11 B-cell lines and malignant B-cells of 8 @entity1 was compared with expression of Fc gamma RII subclasses. In addition to four cell lines (Daudi, KM3, @entity1 , and Raji), the malignant B-cells of two @entity1 showed enhanced uptake of IgG1 relative to IgG2a. Only the @entity222 transcript was found in all B-cells. Furthermore, enhanced uptake of IgG1 correlated with rosetting of erythrocytes sensitized with anti-glycophorin A mAb of IgG1 isotype rather than with @entity222 membrane expression levels. These data support the idea that functional @entity222 is involved in the enhanced IgG1 uptake observed in a subset of B-cells. Our study, therefore, points to an important role for the Fc region of IT in the delivery of cytotoxic effects.

title: Effect of isotype on internalization and cytotoxicity of XXXX -ricin A immunotoxins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Nalm6', 'patients']

answer: @entity1075 :: (930,Gene) :: ['CD19']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) is a rare, @entity5 of the skin. The incidence is rising and it is associated with sun exposure and immunosuppression. Our aim was to perform a 10-year retrospective review of @entity3852 treated in East Yorkshire and to examine disease progression, surgical and adjuvant management, and outcomes. METHODS: A 10-year retrospective review was undertaken of @entity1 identified through the histopathology database. Case notes and digital @entity1 records were examined for @entity1 demographics, disease characteristics, management and outcome. Disease stage was calculated using the 2010 AJCC TNM classification. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 with complete records were included. Twenty-one @entity1 were male and 16 female, with mean age 76.7 years at presentation. Pre-malignant or malignant skin changes were documented in 15 @entity1 , and immunosuppression in 15 @entity1 . Mean duration of lesion was 17.5 weeks. Following diagnosis 22/37 @entity1 underwent further surgery with 11 @entity1 undergoing sentinel @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy. @entity1600 was palpable at presentation in 8 @entity1 . Three year survival is 40%. CONCLUSIONS: There is no standardised management of @entity3852 and randomised trials are challenging due to relatively small numbers. There has been little progress made in terms of improving survival. Development of a national database for @entity1 with this condition would allow prospective data collection and more accurate assessment of current treatment protocols and their efficacy. Level of Evidence: IV.

title: XXXX in East Yorkshire: A case series and literature review of current management.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive neuroendocrine tumour']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['MCC', 'Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lymph node', 'LN disease']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is the most frequent type of @entity5 among @entity703 in adults and responds poorly to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There is evidence that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) might have antineoplastic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RAS blockade on @entity1358 in a @entity19 model. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity19 @entity703 cells (Renca) were injected (1*10(5)) into the subcapsular space of the left kidney of BALB/c @entity19 (8wk of age). The animals were divided into 4 groups: a control group (no treatment), angiotensin-receptor blockers group ( @entity9886 100mg/kg/d), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor group ( @entity3371 10mg/kg/d), and angiotensin-receptor blockers +angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor group ( @entity9886 100mg/kg/d + @entity3371 10mg/kg/d). The animals received the drugs by gavage for 21 days after inoculation, beginning 2 days before @entity5 induction, and were then euthanized. After killing the animals, the kidneys and lungs were removed, weighed, and processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Angiogenesis and vascular microvessels were assessed with the antibodies anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and anti- @entity22416 . RESULTS: Angiotensin II-inoculated animals developed @entity703 . Treated animals presented @entity5 , regardless of the therapeutic regimen, and far fewer lung metastases in both quantity and dimension compared with the controls. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and @entity22416 were significantly decreased in @entity703 of treated animals compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that blockade of RAS decreases @entity5 proliferation and metastatic capacity of @entity1358 in this experimental model.

title: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade attenuates growth and metastatic potential of XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'smaller tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'renal tumors', 'renal neoplasms']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) is the most frequent type of @entity5 among @entity703 in adults and responds poorly to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. There is evidence that blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) might have antineoplastic effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RAS blockade on @entity1358 in a @entity19 model. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity19 @entity703 cells (Renca) were injected (1*10(5)) into the subcapsular space of the left kidney of BALB/c @entity19 (8wk of age). The animals were divided into 4 groups: a control group (no treatment), angiotensin-receptor blockers group ( @entity9886 100mg/kg/d), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor group ( @entity3371 10mg/kg/d), and angiotensin-receptor blockers +angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor group ( @entity9886 100mg/kg/d + @entity3371 10mg/kg/d). The animals received the drugs by gavage for 21 days after inoculation, beginning 2 days before @entity5 induction, and were then euthanized. After killing the animals, the kidneys and lungs were removed, weighed, and processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Angiogenesis and vascular microvessels were assessed with the antibodies anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and anti- @entity22416 . RESULTS: Angiotensin II-inoculated animals developed @entity703 . Treated animals presented @entity5 , regardless of the therapeutic regimen, and far fewer lung metastases in both quantity and dimension compared with the controls. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and @entity22416 were significantly decreased in @entity703 of treated animals compared with the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that blockade of RAS decreases @entity5 proliferation and metastatic capacity of @entity1358 in this experimental model.

title: Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade attenuates growth and metastatic potential of @entity1358 in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity63140 ( @entity63140 ) with those of @entity1 with @entity2795 ( @entity2704 ) and @entity1 with @entity2795 ( @entity2795 ). METHODS: The authors used a computer search of Denmark's National @entity1 Register to screen the population for @entity1 with @entity2795 with @entity425 , and also examined case records from @entity10 clinics and private practicing neurologists and placed advertisements. The authors screened @entity1 and their relatives with a semi-structured validated telephone interview. All recruited @entity1 were then interviewed by a physician and given a neurologic examination. RESULTS: A total of 105 @entity1 with @entity63140 were identified. Seventy-two percent had four typical aura symptoms: visual, sensory, aphasic, and motor. All had at least two symptoms present during @entity63140 attacks. A gradual progression and sequential appearance of aura symptoms was typical; compared with @entity2704 , the duration of each aura symptom was usually prolonged and bilateral motor symptoms were more frequent. Of the @entity1 with @entity63140 , 72% fulfilled the criteria for basilar @entity2704 during @entity63140 attacks. The aura was usually followed by @entity10 , as is common in @entity2795 but not @entity2704 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity63140 had clinical symptoms identical to @entity2795 and significantly different from @entity2795 . Sporadic @entity2795 is a separate entity, and should be classified with @entity2795 .

title: Evidence for a separate type of @entity2795 : XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with typical aura', 'FHM', 'familial hemiplegic migraine', 'migraine with aura', 'hemiplegic migraine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['motor weakness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity63140 :: ('MESH:C563405', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic hemiplegic migraine', 'SHM']

answer: @entity63140 :: (MESH:C563405,Disease) :: ['sporadic hemiplegic migraine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity63140 ( @entity63140 ) with those of @entity1 with @entity2795 ( @entity2704 ) and @entity1 with @entity2795 ( @entity2795 ). METHODS: The authors used a computer search of Denmark's National @entity1 Register to screen the population for @entity1 with @entity2795 with @entity425 , and also examined case records from @entity10 clinics and private practicing neurologists and placed advertisements. The authors screened @entity1 and their relatives with a semi-structured validated telephone interview. All recruited @entity1 were then interviewed by a physician and given a neurologic examination. RESULTS: A total of 105 @entity1 with @entity63140 were identified. Seventy-two percent had four typical aura symptoms: visual, sensory, aphasic, and motor. All had at least two symptoms present during @entity63140 attacks. A gradual progression and sequential appearance of aura symptoms was typical; compared with @entity2704 , the duration of each aura symptom was usually prolonged and bilateral motor symptoms were more frequent. Of the @entity1 with @entity63140 , 72% fulfilled the criteria for basilar @entity2704 during @entity63140 attacks. The aura was usually followed by @entity10 , as is common in @entity2795 but not @entity2704 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity63140 had clinical symptoms identical to @entity2795 and significantly different from @entity2795 . Sporadic @entity2795 is a separate entity, and should be classified with @entity2795 .

title: Evidence for a separate type of XXXX : @entity63140 .

answer: @entity2795 :: (MESH:D020325,Disease) :: ['migraine with aura']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Double-strand DNA breaks with blunt ends represent the most serious type of DNA damage, and cannot be efficiently repaired by cells. They are generated in apoptosis or @entity39 and are absent in normal or transiently damaged cells. Consequently, they can be used as a molecular marker of irreparable cellular damage. We evaluated the effects of focal @entity2806 using selective labeling of blunt-ended DNA breaks as a marker of irreversible tissue damage. A new approach permitting such analysis in situ is introduced. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity35 brain sections taken 6, 24, 48 and 72 hr after the onset of focal @entity2806 were used. Double-strand DNA breaks were detected directly in the tissue sections via ligation of blunt-ended hairpin-shaped oligonucleotide probes. The probes were attached to the ends of the breaks by T4 DNA ligase. Conventional @entity10371 co-staining and terminal transferase based labeling (TUNEL) were employed to analyze the distribution of labeled cells. RESULTS: Double-strand blunt-ended DNA breaks rapidly accumulate in brain cells after focal @entity2806 . At 24 hr, they concentrate in the peripheral areas of @entity64 , which are prone to @entity63 -reoxygenation. By 48-72 hr, this type of DNA damage spreads inward, covering the internal areas of the @entity63 zone. CONCLUSIONS: Selective labeling of blunt-ended DNA breaks delineates the dynamics of @entity64 -induced irreversible DNA damage and provides highly specific detection of brain cells with irreparable DNA injury. It can be used for comparing the efficiency of various anti- @entity63 drugs, particularly those that target DNA damage, as well as for monitoring @entity64 -induced damage.

title: Visualization of irreparable XXXX in brain by selective labeling of double strand blunt-ended DNA breaks.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity10371 :: ('MESH:C028911', 'Chemical') :: ['cresyl violet']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['ischemic damage']


abstract: Factors influencing postoperative hospital mortality and long-term survival after radical resection of stage IV @entity1086 remain unclear. The objective of this study was to identify characteristics of @entity1 who are good candidates in terms of surgical risk and long-term survival for radical resection of stage IV @entity1086 . A retrospective study was made of attempted surgical cure in 72 @entity1 with stage IV @entity1086 . There were 14 postoperative hospital deaths (19%). Eleven (19%) of the 58 @entity1 discharged from hospital survived for more than 3 years. Multivariate analysis indicated male gender, extended right hepatic lobectomy in a cholestatic liver, and portal vein resection as independent risk factors that correlated with @entity204 . Distant @entity3 was the sole independent factor that related negatively with long-term survival by multivariate analysis. Subset analysis was performed with combinations of the four independent factors obtained by multivariate analyses. The hospital mortality rate and the 3-year survival rate in the 44 @entity1 without portal vein involvement were 9% and 28%, respectively, and were 3% and 27%, for the 31 @entity1 in this group. The highest 3-year survival rate (39%) was observed in the 26 @entity1 without distant @entity3 and portal vein involvement, despite a hospital mortality rate of 12%. Better @entity1 selection may improve the outcome of radical surgery for stage IV @entity1086 . These data may be useful in designing future trials of the surgical treatment of advanced @entity1086 .

title: Factors influencing postoperative hospital mortality and long-term survival after radical resection for stage IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Speckle-tracking left @entity67 (GLS) assessment may provide substantial prognostic information for @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) @entity1 . Reference values for GLS have been recently published. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of standardized reference values for GLS in @entity1121 @entity1 . An analysis of @entity1121 clinic @entity1 who underwent GLS was performed. GLS was defined as normal (more negative or equal to -16  %) and abnormal (less negative than -16  %) based on recently published reference values. @entity1 were followed for a composite of events including @entity712 hospitalization, sustained @entity943 , and all-cause @entity204 . The power of GLS to predict outcomes was assessed relative to traditional clinical and echocardiographic variables present in @entity1121 . 79 @entity1121 @entity1 were followed for a median of 22  months (interquartile range 9-30  months) after imaging. During follow-up, 15 @entity1 (19  %) met the primary outcome. Abnormal GLS was the only echocardiographic variable independently predictive of the primary outcome [multivariate Hazard ratio 5.05 (95  % confidence interval 1.09-23.4, p = 0.038)]. When combined with traditional clinical variables, abnormal GLS remained independently predictive of the primary outcome [multivariate Hazard ratio 5.31 (95  % confidence interval 1.18-24, p = 0.030)]. In a model including the strongest clinical and echocardiographic predictors of the primary outcome, abnormal GLS demonstrated significant incremental benefit for risk stratification [net reclassification improvement 0.75 (95  % confidence interval 0.21-1.23, p < 0.0001)]. Abnormal GLS is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in @entity1121 @entity1 . Standardized use of GLS may provide significant incremental value over traditional variables for risk stratification.

title: The prognostic value of standardized reference values for speckle-tracking global longitudinal strain in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular global longitudinal strain']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The clinicopathology and surgical outcome of @entity1419 are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to clarify the clinicopathologic features of @entity1419 and evaluate prognostic factors influencing survival. Forty consecutive @entity1 with @entity1419 undergoing surgical resection at Chiba University Hospital between October 1981 and October 1997 were analyzed retrospectively. @entity1419 were classified as hilar-invasive type ( n = 26) or peripheral type ( n = 14). @entity1 with @entity1263 had a significantly ( p = 0.005) better 5-year survival rate (43%) than those with the hilar-invasive type (4%). @entity3 had perineural invasion (100%) and nodal involvement (85%) more frequently than did @entity1263 . Despite aggressive surgical resection, the surgical margin was positive in 88% of @entity1 with @entity3 (23/26) and 29% of @entity1 with @entity1263 (4/14). There was no evidence of a survival benefit of vascular resection for @entity1 with a hilar-invasive @entity1419 . @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 had a significantly worse prognosis ( p = 0.0004). No @entity1 with nodal involvement survived more than 38 months. Negative perineural invasion ( p = 0.008) and a negative microscopic margin ( p = 0.008) were significantly associated with improved survival. Better survival results could be achieved by curative resection with a free margin for hilar-invasive and peripheral @entity1419 .

title: Aggressive surgical resection for hilar-invasive and peripheral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral-type tumors']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas', 'Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas', 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'hilar-invasive type tumors', 'Hilar-invasive-type tumors']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity12679 have a @entity5 rate. When nonsymptomatic, in selected @entity1 , they can be managed without surgery; however, a high degree of diagnostic reliability is crucial. We admitted 100 consecutive cases (87 @entity1 with a median age of 51.86 years). Of these, 44 were symptomatic and 56 were diagnosed incidentally. Ultrasound correctly diagnosed 53% of the cases, incorrectly 31%, and was nondiagnostic in 16%. Computed tomography scan had similar rates (54%, 34% and 12%, respectively), while magnetic resonance imaging improved diagnostic accuracy to 74% and reduced incorrect diagnoses to 26%. In 21 cases, exploratory needle aspiration of the cyst was carried out; only 8 samples (38%) resulted in a diagnosis; in 12 @entity1 (57%) insufficient material was acquired to allow for diagnosis, one case demonstrated @entity5115 . In 1 @entity1 an exploratory puncture resulted in a very serious @entity548 . Sixty-eight @entity1 were treated surgically, the 44 symptomatic cases and another 24 @entity1 with ill-defined @entity75 that could not be differentiated as serous or mucinous in the preoperative period. Two @entity1 underwent resection because of @entity5 growth. In the two time periods analyzed (the first 7 years and the subsequent 6.5 years) the relationship between cases observed/operated on did not significantly change. Twenty-one (30.8%) distal pancreatectomies, 14 (20.5%) intermediate resections, 10 (14.7%) pancreaticoduodenectomies 4 (5.8%) enucleations, and 1 (1.4%) duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection were carried out. Nine @entity1 (13.2%), underwent exploratory laparotomy with a diagnostic biopsy. Another 9 underwent decompressive interventions with cystojejunostomies. The morbidity was 27.9%, with a reoperation rate of 7.3% and zero mortality. In general the @entity1 's @entity158 resolved in the postoperative period. Median follow-up was 43 months (range, 4-191 months). One @entity1 died from other causes, and all others are currently alive. In the group of 32 @entity1 who did not undergo operation, the median follow-up is 69 months (range, 8-164 months). Until more sophisticated technologies can be developed, the current diagnostic work-up will not result in increased preoperative diagnosis of serous-cystic @entity5 of the pancreas. This is mainly relevant to the oligocystic forms, which account for about one fourth of all serous @entity5 observed.

title: Management of 100 consecutive cases of XXXX : wait for symptoms and see at imaging or vice versa?

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['frank tumor', 'low malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['oligocystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity12679 :: ('MESH:D018293', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic serous cystadenomas']

answer: @entity12679 :: (MESH:D018293,Disease) :: ['pancreatic serous cystadenoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the addition of @entity11256 ( @entity20292 ) to external beam radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty eight previously untreated @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 were entered on a Phase II trial of @entity11256 ( @entity20292 ) combined with standard external beam radiation therapy. @entity20292 was given concurrently with irradiation. Four @entity1 received less than 25% of the intended dose of @entity20292 and were ineligible for further analysis. The stage of the remaining @entity1 were T2c-11, T3-39, T4-1, bulky local recurrence after prostatectomy-1, and T3, N1-2. RESULTS: Forty-five of 54 @entity1 (83.3%) achieved a clinical complete response (CCR) in the prostate and seminal vesicles as judged by digital rectal exam (DRE). Responses were rapid with a median time to CCR of 3.4 months, range 0-22.8 months. Local control was maintained in 82% of the @entity1 who achieved a CCR. Fifteen of 32 eligible @entity1 with a normal DRE underwent prostate biopsies from 12-20 months after treatment, seven had negative biopsies (46.6%). Distant @entity3 occurred in 18 @entity1 (33.3%). Pretreatment prostatic specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and stage were not associated with treatment outcome in a univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: While @entity20292 plus radiation was associated with a rapid CCR, the overall treatment outcome of these @entity1 appeared to be similar to published reports of @entity1 receiving RT alone. The rapid response rate may imply biologic activity of the @entity20292 . In future trials, it may be reasonable to focus on @entity1 at lower risk for the subsequent development of distant disease.

title: Phase II trial of external beam radiation with XXXX ( @entity11256 ) for the treatment of locally advanced @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity11256 :: ('MESH:D017341', 'Chemical') :: ['etanidazole']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity11256 :: (MESH:D017341,Chemical) :: ['etanidazole']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the addition of @entity11256 ( @entity20292 ) to external beam radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty eight previously untreated @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 were entered on a Phase II trial of @entity11256 ( @entity20292 ) combined with standard external beam radiation therapy. @entity20292 was given concurrently with irradiation. Four @entity1 received less than 25% of the intended dose of @entity20292 and were ineligible for further analysis. The stage of the remaining @entity1 were T2c-11, T3-39, T4-1, bulky local recurrence after prostatectomy-1, and T3, N1-2. RESULTS: Forty-five of 54 @entity1 (83.3%) achieved a clinical complete response (CCR) in the prostate and seminal vesicles as judged by digital rectal exam (DRE). Responses were rapid with a median time to CCR of 3.4 months, range 0-22.8 months. Local control was maintained in 82% of the @entity1 who achieved a CCR. Fifteen of 32 eligible @entity1 with a normal DRE underwent prostate biopsies from 12-20 months after treatment, seven had negative biopsies (46.6%). Distant @entity3 occurred in 18 @entity1 (33.3%). Pretreatment prostatic specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and stage were not associated with treatment outcome in a univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: While @entity20292 plus radiation was associated with a rapid CCR, the overall treatment outcome of these @entity1 appeared to be similar to published reports of @entity1 receiving RT alone. The rapid response rate may imply biologic activity of the @entity20292 . In future trials, it may be reasonable to focus on @entity1 at lower risk for the subsequent development of distant disease.

title: Phase II trial of external beam radiation with @entity11256 ( XXXX ) for the treatment of locally advanced @entity263 .

answer: @entity11256 :: (MESH:D017341,Chemical) :: ['SR 2508']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of the addition of @entity11256 ( @entity20292 ) to external beam radiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty eight previously untreated @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 were entered on a Phase II trial of @entity11256 ( @entity20292 ) combined with standard external beam radiation therapy. @entity20292 was given concurrently with irradiation. Four @entity1 received less than 25% of the intended dose of @entity20292 and were ineligible for further analysis. The stage of the remaining @entity1 were T2c-11, T3-39, T4-1, bulky local recurrence after prostatectomy-1, and T3, N1-2. RESULTS: Forty-five of 54 @entity1 (83.3%) achieved a clinical complete response (CCR) in the prostate and seminal vesicles as judged by digital rectal exam (DRE). Responses were rapid with a median time to CCR of 3.4 months, range 0-22.8 months. Local control was maintained in 82% of the @entity1 who achieved a CCR. Fifteen of 32 eligible @entity1 with a normal DRE underwent prostate biopsies from 12-20 months after treatment, seven had negative biopsies (46.6%). Distant @entity3 occurred in 18 @entity1 (33.3%). Pretreatment prostatic specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, and stage were not associated with treatment outcome in a univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: While @entity20292 plus radiation was associated with a rapid CCR, the overall treatment outcome of these @entity1 appeared to be similar to published reports of @entity1 receiving RT alone. The rapid response rate may imply biologic activity of the @entity20292 . In future trials, it may be reasonable to focus on @entity1 at lower risk for the subsequent development of distant disease.

title: Phase II trial of external beam radiation with @entity11256 ( @entity11256 ) for the treatment of locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity5217 , @entity19191 , and apamin (blockers of @entity855 -sensitive, large-conductance, and small-conductance @entity141 -activated @entity3529 channels, respectively) were infused into the diaphragmatic vasculature of anesthetized @entity3352 -treated @entity235 to assess the contribution of @entity3529 channels to active @entity450 . Diaphragmatic blood flow (Qphr) and @entity3612 uptake (VO2di) were measured at rest and during 2 min of continuous left phrenic nerve stimulation at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 Hz. These measurements were repeated before (control) and after the infusion of a selective @entity3529 channel blocker in three groups of animals. @entity5217 at 10(-5) M significantly attenuated Qphr at rest and in response to all stimulation frequencies. Whereas resting VO2di remained unchanged, @entity5217 infusion significantly reduced VO2di in response to all stimulation frequencies. The slope of the linear relationship between Qphr and VO2di, however, was not affected by @entity5217 . By comparison, infusion of @entity19191 (10(-7) M) in a second group reduced Qphr at rest and in response to 0.5- and 1-Hz stimulation, whereas Qphr measured in response to 2- and 4-Hz stimulation remained similar to control values. @entity3855 (10(-6) M) infusion in a third group reduced only resting Qphr with no effect on active @entity450 during phrenic nerve stimulation. Neither @entity19191 nor apamin influenced resting or stimulated VO2di. In all groups diaphragmatic tension measured after the infusion of @entity3529 channel blockers remained similar to control values. These results indicate that @entity3529 channels, especially those sensitive to @entity5217 , modulate the increase in Qphr and VO2di in response to moderate augmentation of metabolic demands.

title: Contribution of potassium channels to active XXXX of the @entity235 diaphragm.

entities_list: @entity19191 :: ('MESH:C064719', 'Chemical') :: ['iberiotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glibenclamide', 'glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['hyperemia']


abstract: @entity5217 , @entity19191 , and apamin (blockers of @entity855 -sensitive, large-conductance, and small-conductance @entity141 -activated @entity3529 channels, respectively) were infused into the diaphragmatic vasculature of anesthetized @entity3352 -treated @entity235 to assess the contribution of @entity3529 channels to active @entity450 . Diaphragmatic blood flow (Qphr) and @entity3612 uptake (VO2di) were measured at rest and during 2 min of continuous left phrenic nerve stimulation at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 Hz. These measurements were repeated before (control) and after the infusion of a selective @entity3529 channel blocker in three groups of animals. @entity5217 at 10(-5) M significantly attenuated Qphr at rest and in response to all stimulation frequencies. Whereas resting VO2di remained unchanged, @entity5217 infusion significantly reduced VO2di in response to all stimulation frequencies. The slope of the linear relationship between Qphr and VO2di, however, was not affected by @entity5217 . By comparison, infusion of @entity19191 (10(-7) M) in a second group reduced Qphr at rest and in response to 0.5- and 1-Hz stimulation, whereas Qphr measured in response to 2- and 4-Hz stimulation remained similar to control values. @entity3855 (10(-6) M) infusion in a third group reduced only resting Qphr with no effect on active @entity450 during phrenic nerve stimulation. Neither @entity19191 nor apamin influenced resting or stimulated VO2di. In all groups diaphragmatic tension measured after the infusion of @entity3529 channel blockers remained similar to control values. These results indicate that @entity3529 channels, especially those sensitive to @entity5217 , modulate the increase in Qphr and VO2di in response to moderate augmentation of metabolic demands.

title: Contribution of potassium channels to active @entity450 of the XXXX diaphragm.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown ketamine can alter the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. However, these effects have not been entirely clarified in vivo in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of neonatal @entity35 . The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ketamine on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in the SVZ of neonatal @entity35 in vivo. METHODS: Postnatal day 7 (PND-7) male @entity35 were administered four injections of 40 mg/kg ketamine at 1-h intervals, and then 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intraperitoneally at PND-7, 9 and 13. NSC proliferation was assessed with Nestin/BrdU double-labeling immunostaining. Neuronal and astrocytic differentiation was evaluated with b-tubulin III/BrdU and @entity40 /BrdU double-labeling immunostaining, respectively. The expressions of nestin, @entity40 were measured using Western blot analysis. The apoptosis of NSCs and astrocytes in the SVZ of neonatal @entity35 was evaluated using nestin/ @entity4124 and @entity40 / @entity4124 double-labeling immunostaining. RESULTS: Neonatal ketamine exposure significantly reduced the number of nestin/BrdU and @entity40 /BrdU double-positive cells in the SVZ. Meanwhile, the expressions of nestin and @entity40 in the SVZ from the ketamine group were significantly decreased compared those in the control group. Still, no double-positive cells for nestin/ @entity4124 and @entity40 / @entity4124 were found after ketamine exposure. In addition, the neuronal differentiation of NSCs in the SVZ was markedly promoted by ketamine with an increased number of b-tubulin III/BrdU double-positive cells and enhanced expression of b-tubulin III. These effects of ketamine on the NSCs in the SVZ often lasted at least 1 week after ketamine anesthesia. CONCLUSION: In the present study, it was demonstrated that ketamine could alter neurogenesis by inhibiting the proliferation of NSCs, suppressing their differentiation into astrocytes and promoting the neuronal differentiation of the NSCs in the SVZ of neonatal @entity35 during a critical period of their neurodevelopment.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Ketamine interferes with the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'b-tubulin III and GFAP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']