abstract: The regulation of ketogenesis and gluconeogenesis was studied in isolated, perfused livers from hyper- and euthyroid @entity35 . Experimental conditions were varied with respect to @entity880 and @entity844 concentration in the perfusion medium and with respect to the nutritional state of the @entity35 . 1. The rate of uptake of @entity3952 in perfused livers was independent of the thyroid and nutritional states of the animals. 2. In livers from 48-h-fasted @entity35 no difference was found in rates of ketogenesis between the euthyroid and @entity1378 livers except when 10 mM @entity880 was present in the perfusate. In recently fed @entity35 the rates of ketogenesis from @entity3952 (1 mM) and endogenous substrates were low in euthyroid livers (0.45 and 0.05 mumol/min per g liver, respectively), while these rates in @entity1378 livers were (1.333 and 0.136 mumol/min per g liver, respectively). With @entity6212 as substrate, high rates of ketogenesis were found in recently fed livers from both euthyroid and @entity1378 @entity35 (1.573 and 1.717 mumol/min per g liver, respectively). 3. Without @entity3952 in the perfusion medium the rate of gluconeogenesis from low (1 mM) @entity880 concentrations in livers from 48 h-fasted- @entity35 was slightly increased in the @entity1378 state (0.548 mumol/min per g liver) compared to the euthyroid state (0.408 mumol/min per g liver). When @entity880 concentration in the perfusion medium was raised to 10 mM the rate of gluconeogenesis was increased 4-fold in the @entity1378 livers (1.800 mumol/min per g liver) but only 20% in the euthyroid livers (0.490 mumol/min per g liver). The presence of @entity3952 (1 mM) had no effect on the rate of gluconeogenesis from low @entity880 concentrations in livers form 48-h-fasted animals of either thyroid state. At 10 mM @entity880 the inclusion of @entity3952 caused a pronounced stimulation of gluconeogenesis in euthyroid livers (from 0.490 to 1.766 mumol/min per g liver) but not in @entity1378 livers (from 1.800 to 1.973 mumol/min per g liver) so that the difference in the rate of gluconeogenesis between the two thyroid states disappeared. 4. The content of endogenous substrates was measured in liver biopsies taken before perfusion. The glycogen concentration was independent of the thyroid state in 48-h fasted animals. The @entity412 content was independent of the thyroid state in recently fed animals. In recently fed animals the glycogen content was reduced by 90% in @entity1378 animals, and in 48-h-fasted animals the @entity412 content was reduced by 50% in @entity1378 animals. 5. The energy cost of gluconeogenesis from @entity880 appeared to be independent of the thyroid state.

title: Thyroid hormone-induced changes in gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in perfused XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['octanoate']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of the method for selecting the distal level of fusion in treatment of @entity1514 in @entity1 with @entity8322 . BACKGROUND: The fusion area needs to include all the @entity85 in @entity8322 @entity1 ; however, precise levels of the distal fixation have not been determined yet. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 were operated in the Department of @entity1 and Adolescent Spine Pathology between 2007 and 2010. These @entity1 were divided into two groups: in group I (n = 29) a lower instrumented vertebra corresponded to the sagittal stable one and in group II (n = 7) - this vertebra located proximally. RESULTS: The mean preoperative kyphosis was 79.3      11.6  , the postoperative - 40.6      11.9   (correction of 49.9%), loss of correction was 4.9      7.0  . Sagittal balance changed from -0.3    3.2 cm before surgery to -1.7    2.1 cm after surgery. Distal junctional kyphosis developed in 1 case (4%) in Group I, and in 5 cases (71%) in Group II. CONCLUSION: A distal level of instrumentation ending at the first lordotic vertebra is not justified and causes violation of sagittal balance and development of @entity1513 . The inclusion of a sagittal stable vertebra in fusion prevents the development of this undesirable situation.

title: Selection Of The Optimal Level Of Distal Fixation For Correction Of XXXX 's Hyperkyphosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity8322 :: ('MESH:D012544', 'Disease') :: ['Scheuermann', "Scheuermann's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['distal junctional kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic hyperkyphosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

answer: @entity8322 :: (MESH:D012544,Disease) :: ['Scheuermann']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy of monthly treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab for @entity1103 due to @entity2994 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Randomized, multicenter, comparative trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01428388). @entity1 were randomized 1:1 to receive monthly treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab. The primary outcome was change in central foveal thickness at 6 months compared to baseline. RESULTS: The trial randomized 98 @entity1 to treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab. At 6 months, there were no differences in change in central foveal thickness between groups (bevacizumab: mean reduction of 212.6   m, 95% confidence interval [CI], -288.3 to -137.0; ranibizumab: mean reduction of 243.8   m, 95% CI, -309.6 to -178.0; P = .72, analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Both groups showed similar functional outcomes (bevacizumab: 0.33 logMAR gain, 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.18; ranibizumab: 0.34 logMAR gain, 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.23; P = .38, ANOVA). CONCLUSION: In the treatment of @entity2994 , bevacizumab and ranibizumab have similar effects on reducing macular thickness and improving visual acuity. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015;46:844-850.].

title: Bevacizumab Versus Ranibizumab in the Treatment of XXXX Due to @entity2994 : 6-Month Results of the CRAVE Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['Macular Edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy of monthly treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab for @entity1103 due to @entity2994 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Randomized, multicenter, comparative trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01428388). @entity1 were randomized 1:1 to receive monthly treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab. The primary outcome was change in central foveal thickness at 6 months compared to baseline. RESULTS: The trial randomized 98 @entity1 to treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab. At 6 months, there were no differences in change in central foveal thickness between groups (bevacizumab: mean reduction of 212.6   m, 95% confidence interval [CI], -288.3 to -137.0; ranibizumab: mean reduction of 243.8   m, 95% CI, -309.6 to -178.0; P = .72, analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Both groups showed similar functional outcomes (bevacizumab: 0.33 logMAR gain, 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.18; ranibizumab: 0.34 logMAR gain, 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.23; P = .38, ANOVA). CONCLUSION: In the treatment of @entity2994 , bevacizumab and ranibizumab have similar effects on reducing macular thickness and improving visual acuity. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015;46:844-850.].

title: Bevacizumab Versus Ranibizumab in the Treatment of @entity1103 Due to XXXX : 6-Month Results of the CRAVE Study.

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['Retinal Vein Occlusion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Differences in the risk of being exposed to @entity13414 ( @entity13414 ) in the workplace may occur not only between countries, but also within a country among socio-economic groups. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine the associations of exposure to @entity13414 at worksites with selected factors in non-smoking Romanian employees. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on exposure to @entity13414 at worksites and other characteristics of respondents came from the Global Adult @entity286 Survey (GATS). GATS is a nationally representative household survey of adults 15 years of age or older, using a standard protocol. RESULTS: Among 4,517 respondents who completed the questionnaire there were 1,333 subjects, including 859 non-smokers who worked in an indoor area outside the home. The prevalence of exposure to @entity13414 was 31.2% among non-smoking male and 23.9% among non-smoking female employees (p<0.05). Employees with primary education had odds of exposure to @entity13414 at work nearly twice as high, compared to the respondents having high education attainment (OR=1.9; 95% CI: 1.2-2.9). Moreover, exposure to @entity13414 at worksites was significantly associated with a low level of support for @entity286 control policies among workers (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.8). CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the increasing presence of smoking bans in public and workplaces, enforcement still seems to be unsuccessful in the occupational space in Romania. In order to reduce @entity13414 exposure in workplaces, strengthening support for @entity286 control policies is essential.

title: Disparities in exposure to XXXX smoke pollution at Romanian worksites.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Tobacco', 'tobacco']

entities_list: @entity13414 :: ('MESH:C536784', 'Disease') :: ['SHS', 'second-hand smoke']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to @entity740 progression via regulating mRNAs involved in renal homeostasis. However, their association with clinical outcome remains poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed miRNA and mRNA expression profiling on renal biopsy sections by qPCR (miRNA) and microarrays (mRNA) in a discovery (n=43) and in a validation (n=29) cohort. miRNAs differentiating stable and progressive cases were inversely correlated to putative target mRNAs, which were further characterized by pathway analysis using KEGG pathways. RESULTS: @entity36117 , miR-140-3p, miR-532-3p, miR-194, @entity65959 , @entity10073 , and @entity21275 were downregulated in progressive cases. These 7 miRNAs correlated to upregulated 29 target mRNAs involved in inflammatory response, cell-cell-interaction, apoptosis, and intracellular signaling. In particular @entity21275 and miR-532-3p were associated with distinct biological processes via the expression of their target mRNAs: Reduced expression of @entity21275 in progressive disease correlated with the upregulation of target mRNAs participating in inflammatory pathways ( @entity11274 , @entity2851 , @entity29513 , @entity71587 , @entity25449 , @entity1195 , @entity51837 , and @entity4106 ). Progressive cases also showed a lower expression of miR-532-3p and an increased expression of target transcripts involved in apoptosis pathways ( @entity8127 , @entity3049 / @entity3049 , @entity45317 , and @entity9134 ). In the validation cohort we confirmed the decreased expression of @entity21275 and miR-532-3p, and the inverse correlation of these miRNAs with the expression of 9 of the 12 target genes. The levels of the identified miRNAs and the target mRNAs correlated to clinical parameters and histological damage indices. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the involvement of specific miRNAs and mRNAs in biological pathways associated with the progression of @entity740 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Renal microRNA- and RNA-profiles in progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and @entity296 are considered common findings of the @entity296 in echocardiography studies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of @entity4346 , @entity299 and @entity296 was undertaken in @entity1 with @entity2012 using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRi) before and after 12 months of @entity2390 long-acting repeatable treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with active @entity2012 submitted to biochemical analysis and CMRi before and after 12 months of treatment. Additionally, echocardiography was performed before treatment. RESULTS: Forty consecutive @entity1 were evaluated using CMRi at baseline and 30 @entity1 were reevaluated after 12 months of treatment. Additionally, 29 of these @entity1 were submitted to echocardiography. Using CMRi, the frequency of @entity4346 was 5%. The mean left ventricular mass index (LVMi) was 61.73    18.8 g/m(2). The mean @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) was 61.85    9.2%, and all @entity1 had normal systolic function. Late @entity2287 enhancement was present in five @entity1 (13.5%), and one @entity1 (3.5%) had an increased extracellular volume. After treatment, 12 @entity1 (40%) had criteria for disease control. No clinically relevant differences in cardiac variables before and after treatment were observed. Additionally, there was no difference in LVMi and @entity1002 among @entity1 with and without disease control. Using echocardiography, 31% of the @entity1 had @entity4346 , mean LVMi was 117.8    46.3 g/m(2) and mean @entity1002 was 67.3    4.4%. All @entity1 had normal systolic function. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated by CMRi, the gold-standard method, that @entity1 with active @entity2012 might have a lower prevalence of @entity299 than previously reported.

title: Low Frequency of XXXX Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in an @entity2012 Contemporary Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis', 'acromegaly cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities', 'systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and @entity296 are considered common findings of the @entity296 in echocardiography studies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of @entity4346 , @entity299 and @entity296 was undertaken in @entity1 with @entity2012 using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRi) before and after 12 months of @entity2390 long-acting repeatable treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with active @entity2012 submitted to biochemical analysis and CMRi before and after 12 months of treatment. Additionally, echocardiography was performed before treatment. RESULTS: Forty consecutive @entity1 were evaluated using CMRi at baseline and 30 @entity1 were reevaluated after 12 months of treatment. Additionally, 29 of these @entity1 were submitted to echocardiography. Using CMRi, the frequency of @entity4346 was 5%. The mean left ventricular mass index (LVMi) was 61.73    18.8 g/m(2). The mean @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) was 61.85    9.2%, and all @entity1 had normal systolic function. Late @entity2287 enhancement was present in five @entity1 (13.5%), and one @entity1 (3.5%) had an increased extracellular volume. After treatment, 12 @entity1 (40%) had criteria for disease control. No clinically relevant differences in cardiac variables before and after treatment were observed. Additionally, there was no difference in LVMi and @entity1002 among @entity1 with and without disease control. Using echocardiography, 31% of the @entity1 had @entity4346 , mean LVMi was 117.8    46.3 g/m(2) and mean @entity1002 was 67.3    4.4%. All @entity1 had normal systolic function. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated by CMRi, the gold-standard method, that @entity1 with active @entity2012 might have a lower prevalence of @entity299 than previously reported.

title: Low Frequency of @entity296 Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in an XXXX Contemporary Cohort.

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['Acromegaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is a marker of future @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk, yet epidemiological studies have yielded inconsistent results. We therefore studied the association between @entity409 and @entity65 under diverse circumstances. METHODS AND RESULTS: Literature-based meta-analysis of prospective observational studies with >=   12  months of follow-up published in Medline and having information on endothelial function and @entity65 outcomes. Tabular data on @entity1 characteristics, endothelial function assessments and incident @entity65 outcomes were abstracted from individual studies. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to quantify pooled associations, and I(2) statistic to evaluate between-study heterogeneity. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Thirty five studies involving 17,206 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. During more than 80,000 @entity1 -years of observation, up to 2755 @entity65 events were accrued, yielding a pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.15-1.35) for @entity65 comparing top (i.e. more severe) vs. bottom (less severe) third of @entity409 . There was significant between-study heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias. RRs varied importantly according to the method used to ascertain endothelial function, and were higher among older individuals and among @entity1 with risk factors for @entity65 or established @entity65 at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity409 is an important determinant of cardiovascular outcomes in @entity1 with pre-existing @entity65 , current evidence base does not support its use as a potentially useful measurement for risk stratification in @entity1 at lower risk of @entity65 .

title: A meta-analysis of published studies of XXXX does not support its routine clinical use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6586 is one of the most common cariogenic microorganisms. Use of natural anticariogenic agents, such as @entity8372 has been well-established in the literature. On the other hand, there is a scarcity of studies that have reported the antimicrobial potential of Propolis as an anticariogenic chewing agent; hence, the present study was designed. AIMS: To evaluate and compare the anticariogenic action of two commercial chewing gums Propolis and Xylitol on the salivary @entity6586 count in a group of @entity1 from Bengaluru city. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Clinical setting and experimental design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty healthy @entity1 aged 8-11 years with decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft)/DMFT index score >= 3 were included in the study. Before the test, unstimulated saliva was collected. @entity1 divided into Group I and II were given Propolis and Xylitol chewing gums respectively; to chew for 15 min. Saliva samples were then collected at 15 min (just after spitting) and after 1 h. The amount of @entity6586 in saliva was evaluated using a selective media (MSAB). In addition, compliance of the two chewing gums among the @entity1 was tested with a questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Student's t-test. RESULTS: Six samples out of 30 were excluded due to no growth. The total number of bacterial colonies was significantly reduced when compared to baseline in both the groups. Propolis gum showed statistically significant reduction in the number of colonies as compared to Xylitol. Xylitol gum was more preferred than Propolis gum by the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Propolis chewing gum can be used as an anticariogenic agent in @entity1 .

title: The effect of Propolis and Xylitol chewing gums on salivary XXXX count: A clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine wound location according to the angiosome concept and to investigate the feasibility and success of angiosome-based revascularization in below-the-knee (BTK) arteries. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 161 @entity1 (67.5      25.5  years, 66.5% diabetics) with @entity63 and a foot ulcer, stage Rutherford 5-6, who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on BTK arteries in 2012. We evaluated feasibility of angiosome-targeted revascularization and the number of angiosomes affected by a wound in each @entity1 . @entity1 were divided into 3 groups depending on how many BTK vessels were suitable for revascularization. The feasibility was analyzed in each group and in relation to number of affected angiosomes. RESULTS: The wound(s) interfered with one angiosome in only 39 (24.0%) cases. Direct flow into affected angiosome was successfully achieved in 98 (60.9%) cases. If @entity1066 was limited in one angiosome, the targeted revascularisation was possible in 27 cases (69.2%), if @entity1066 was extended over 2 angiosomes it was possible in 65 cases (86.7%), if 3 angiosomes were affected it was possible in 36 cases (85.7%), when 4 angiosomes were affected the rate dropped to 25.0% and @entity1066 extended over 5 angiosomes had no possibility of revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity63 , the tissue lesion affects several angiosomes in majority of the cases. In thus far published literature, there is existence of more approaches of angiosome-targeted revascularization when more than one angiosome is clinically involved and therefore consensus needs to be achieved for the accurate definition.

title: The Feasibility of Angiosome-Targeted Endovascular Treatment in @entity1 with XXXX and Foot Ulcer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Critical Limb Ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine wound location according to the angiosome concept and to investigate the feasibility and success of angiosome-based revascularization in below-the-knee (BTK) arteries. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 161 @entity1 (67.5      25.5  years, 66.5% diabetics) with @entity63 and a foot ulcer, stage Rutherford 5-6, who underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on BTK arteries in 2012. We evaluated feasibility of angiosome-targeted revascularization and the number of angiosomes affected by a wound in each @entity1 . @entity1 were divided into 3 groups depending on how many BTK vessels were suitable for revascularization. The feasibility was analyzed in each group and in relation to number of affected angiosomes. RESULTS: The wound(s) interfered with one angiosome in only 39 (24.0%) cases. Direct flow into affected angiosome was successfully achieved in 98 (60.9%) cases. If @entity1066 was limited in one angiosome, the targeted revascularisation was possible in 27 cases (69.2%), if @entity1066 was extended over 2 angiosomes it was possible in 65 cases (86.7%), if 3 angiosomes were affected it was possible in 36 cases (85.7%), when 4 angiosomes were affected the rate dropped to 25.0% and @entity1066 extended over 5 angiosomes had no possibility of revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity63 , the tissue lesion affects several angiosomes in majority of the cases. In thus far published literature, there is existence of more approaches of angiosome-targeted revascularization when more than one angiosome is clinically involved and therefore consensus needs to be achieved for the accurate definition.

title: The Feasibility of Angiosome-Targeted Endovascular Treatment in XXXX with @entity63 and Foot Ulcer.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In recent years, @entity4336 rootworm (CRW)-resistant @entity2829 events producing two or more CRW-active Bt proteins have been commercialized to enhance efficacy against the target pest(s) by providing multiple modes of action (MoA). The @entity2829 hybrid MON 87411 has been developed that produces the CRW-active Cry3Bb1 Bt protein (hereafter Cry3Bb1) and expresses a RNAi-mediated MoA that also targets CRW. As part of an environmental risk assessment for MON 87411, the potential for an interaction between the CRW-active DvSnf7 RNA (hereafter DvSnf7) and Cry3Bb1 was assessed in 12-day diet incorporation bioassays with the southern @entity4336 rootworm (SCR, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi). The potential for an interaction between DvSnf7 and Cry3Bb1 was evaluated with two established experimental approaches. The first approach evaluated each substance alone and in combination over three different response levels. For all three response levels, observed responses were shown to be additive and not significantly different from predicted responses under the assumption of independent action. The second approach evaluated the potential for a fixed sub-lethal concentration of Cry3Bb1 to decrease the median lethal concentration (LC50) of DvSnf7 and vice-versa. With this approach, the LC50 value of DvSnf7 was not altered by a sub-lethal concentration of Cry3Bb1 and vice-versa. In addition, the potential for an interaction between the Cry3Bb1 and DvSnf7 was tested with Colorado @entity415 beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata), which is sensitive to Cry3Bb1 but not DvSnf7. CPB assays also demonstrated that DvSnf7 does not alter the activity of Cry3Bb1. The results from this study provide multiple lines of evidence that DvSnf7 and Cry3Bb1 produced in MON 87411 have independent action.

title: Independent action between DvSnf7 RNA and Cry3Bb1 protein in southern XXXX rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi and Colorado @entity415 beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['corn']


abstract: In recent years, @entity4336 rootworm (CRW)-resistant @entity2829 events producing two or more CRW-active Bt proteins have been commercialized to enhance efficacy against the target pest(s) by providing multiple modes of action (MoA). The @entity2829 hybrid MON 87411 has been developed that produces the CRW-active Cry3Bb1 Bt protein (hereafter Cry3Bb1) and expresses a RNAi-mediated MoA that also targets CRW. As part of an environmental risk assessment for MON 87411, the potential for an interaction between the CRW-active DvSnf7 RNA (hereafter DvSnf7) and Cry3Bb1 was assessed in 12-day diet incorporation bioassays with the southern @entity4336 rootworm (SCR, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi). The potential for an interaction between DvSnf7 and Cry3Bb1 was evaluated with two established experimental approaches. The first approach evaluated each substance alone and in combination over three different response levels. For all three response levels, observed responses were shown to be additive and not significantly different from predicted responses under the assumption of independent action. The second approach evaluated the potential for a fixed sub-lethal concentration of Cry3Bb1 to decrease the median lethal concentration (LC50) of DvSnf7 and vice-versa. With this approach, the LC50 value of DvSnf7 was not altered by a sub-lethal concentration of Cry3Bb1 and vice-versa. In addition, the potential for an interaction between the Cry3Bb1 and DvSnf7 was tested with Colorado @entity415 beetle (CPB, Leptinotarsa decemlineata), which is sensitive to Cry3Bb1 but not DvSnf7. CPB assays also demonstrated that DvSnf7 does not alter the activity of Cry3Bb1. The results from this study provide multiple lines of evidence that DvSnf7 and Cry3Bb1 produced in MON 87411 have independent action.

title: Independent action between DvSnf7 RNA and Cry3Bb1 protein in southern @entity4336 rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi and Colorado XXXX beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata.

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['potato']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the ultrasound features and clinicopathological characteristics of basal-like subtype of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the ethical board of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. The @entity1 ' clinicopathological information was available. The ultrasound features of 62 @entity5 from 62 TNBC @entity1 were interpreted. The immunohistochemical results of cytokertain5/6 ( @entity4205 ) and @entity470 ( @entity470 ) were used to classify the @entity5 into basal-like and normal-like groups. The association of the ultrasound features interpreted by experienced ultrasound doctors with the immunohistochemical classification was studied. RESULTS: Of the 62 TNBC cases, 42 (67.7%) exhibited the basal-like phenotype and 20 (32.3%) exhibited the normal-like phenotype based on the immunohistochemical @entity4205 and @entity470 markers. Of all the @entity5 , 90.3% were invasive @entity189 . The basal-like @entity5 were significantly associated with a maximum diameter on ultrasound of more than 20 mm (36, 85.7%) (P = 0.0014). The normal-like @entity5 usually exhibited lateral shadows (15, 75%) (P = 0.0115) as well as microlobulated margins (12, 60%) (P = 0.0204) compared to the basal-like subtype. Other ultrasound features showed no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although ultrasound cannot yet be used to differentiate between the basal-like subtype and normal-like subtype of TNBC, ultrasound can be used to provide some useful information to the clinicians.

title: The Differences in Ultrasound and Clinicopathological Features between Basal-Like and Normal-Like Subtypes of Triple Negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['TNBCs', 'triple negative breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: The possibilities of treatment of the @entity154 related to @entity4886 were transformed by the total @entity1442 described by Paul Tessier. These @entity2652 are possible in @entity1 , and there is enough follow-up nom to assure that @entity1442 in @entity1 do not impair significantly the remaining growth possibilities. There are however severe @entity458 in @entity1 operated as @entity1 or youngsters, resulting from a deformed appearance during early childhood. We therefore try to give these @entity1 an acceptable appearance before entering school, around 3 or 4 years of age. Now in fact, we are trying not only to correct, but to prevent these deformities by early age release of the synostoses. The synostoses are usually involving the coronal suture and the cranial base. The cranial base being out of safe reach, we have started in 1976 to perform a 2 cm advancement of the forehead, including the supra-orbital rim. At first, we were using a lateral tenon-mortise fixation. We have tried the extended coronal craniectomy advocated by McCarthy and Coll., but since July 1977, we are using the original floating forehead principle: the advanced forehead is wired back only to the face, malar bones and root of the nose, leaving behind and extended craniectomy. Thus, the rapidly expanding brain of the @entity1 is able to project anteriorly the forehead and upper part of the face. We have operated on 26 @entity1 with faciocraniostenosis and severe @entity91 according to these early release principle, the last 11 with the floating @entity542 . The results are very encouraging, the appearance being normal or subnormal after a few months. Even if an upper maxillary osteotomy is necessary later, we feel that an early improvement of these @entity1 is of high benefit to them. The improvement can also be functional, the psychological tests and the intracranial pressure measures showing that an early release is benefitial even in the absence of obvious intracranial @entity101 .

title: [Early treatment of XXXX ( @entity4886 ) (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial deformities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial osteotomies']

entities_list: @entity4886 :: ('MESH:D000168', 'Disease') :: ['Apert and Crouzon syndromes']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['forehead approach']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological sequalaes']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['facial advancement osteotomies']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['brachycephaly']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['facial-craniostenosis']


abstract: The possibilities of treatment of the @entity154 related to @entity4886 were transformed by the total @entity1442 described by Paul Tessier. These @entity2652 are possible in @entity1 , and there is enough follow-up nom to assure that @entity1442 in @entity1 do not impair significantly the remaining growth possibilities. There are however severe @entity458 in @entity1 operated as @entity1 or youngsters, resulting from a deformed appearance during early childhood. We therefore try to give these @entity1 an acceptable appearance before entering school, around 3 or 4 years of age. Now in fact, we are trying not only to correct, but to prevent these deformities by early age release of the synostoses. The synostoses are usually involving the coronal suture and the cranial base. The cranial base being out of safe reach, we have started in 1976 to perform a 2 cm advancement of the forehead, including the supra-orbital rim. At first, we were using a lateral tenon-mortise fixation. We have tried the extended coronal craniectomy advocated by McCarthy and Coll., but since July 1977, we are using the original floating forehead principle: the advanced forehead is wired back only to the face, malar bones and root of the nose, leaving behind and extended craniectomy. Thus, the rapidly expanding brain of the @entity1 is able to project anteriorly the forehead and upper part of the face. We have operated on 26 @entity1 with faciocraniostenosis and severe @entity91 according to these early release principle, the last 11 with the floating @entity542 . The results are very encouraging, the appearance being normal or subnormal after a few months. Even if an upper maxillary osteotomy is necessary later, we feel that an early improvement of these @entity1 is of high benefit to them. The improvement can also be functional, the psychological tests and the intracranial pressure measures showing that an early release is benefitial even in the absence of obvious intracranial @entity101 .

title: [Early treatment of @entity91 ( XXXX ) (author's transl)].

answer: @entity4886 :: (MESH:D000168,Disease) :: ['Crouzon-Apert']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the treatment of choice for @entity354 ( @entity354 ). The effectiveness of PPIs throughout @entity354 management, from healing to maintenance, has not been fully studied. AIM: To compare @entity1537 with @entity10042 or @entity10112 for @entity354 management using a management model. METHODS: Data from six studies comparing @entity1537 with @entity10042 or @entity10112 for healing (4-8  weeks) or maintenance of healing (6  months) of @entity354 were incorporated into hypothetical management models to determine the proportion of @entity1 in endoscopic remission after sequential healing and maintenance therapy, assuming that @entity1 received the same PPI throughout. The number needed to treat (NNT) to achieve one more @entity1 in remission with @entity1537 vs. other PPIs was estimated. The hypothetical model was validated using results from the EXPO study, which compared @entity1537 with @entity10112 for @entity354 healing and maintenance. RESULTS: Overall, @entity1537 40  mg produced higher rates of healing (life-table estimates) than @entity10042 30  mg (82.4-92.6% vs. 77.5-88.8%; p  <  0.01) or @entity10112 40  mg (95.5% vs. 92.0%; p  <  0.001) and higher rates of endoscopic and symptomatic remission at 6  months than @entity10042 (83.0-84.8% vs. 74.0-75.9%; p  <  0.001; life-table estimates) or @entity10112 (70.9% vs. 59.6%; p  <  0.0001; observed rates). In the hypothetical management model, the NNT for @entity1537 was 9 vs. @entity10042 and 8 vs. @entity10112 . The actual NNT for @entity1537 vs. @entity10112 in the EXPO study was 9 (95% confidence interval: 6; 16). CONCLUSIONS: In this management model, @entity1537 was more effective than either @entity10042 or @entity10112 for maintaining remission after sequential healing and 6  months' maintenance therapy for @entity354 .

title: Management of XXXX : does the choice of proton pump inhibitor matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity10112 :: ('MESH:C064276', 'Chemical') :: ['pantoprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis', 'RE']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['reflux esophagitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of corticotomy versus @entity5015 injection in @entity1 subjects on rate of tooth movement, anchorage loss and their effect on crest bone height and root length. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Clinical interventional study. Split mouth design was used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study was done on 32 regular orthodontic @entity1 . A volume of 100 mcg of @entity5015 was injected on the right side once in 2 weeks and on the left side corticotomy was performed, and @entity235 retraction was started on both sides simultaneously. The rate of space closure and anchorage loss was assessed with casts. The root length and crestal bone height changes were assed with IOPAs. The comparison of rate of tooth movement, anchorage loss, crestal bone height and root length changes between the sides were statistically analyzed using paired t-test. RESULTS: The average rate of space closure on right side was 0.36 mm/week with a standard deviation of 0.05 mm/week and on the left side average rate of space closure was 0.40 mm/week with a standard deviation of 0.04 mm/week. The difference between the rate of closure between the right side and left where found to be statistically significant (P=0.003). The anchorage loss, the crestal bone height changes and root length changes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The rate of tooth movement was significantly more with corticotomies when compared with given dose of @entity3009 injection.

title: Effect of XXXX versus corticotomy on orthodontic tooth movement: an in vivo study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

answer: @entity5015 :: (MESH:D000527,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent studies have shown retinal blood vessel damage in experimental models of @entity2000 . The present study aimed to provide a detailed description of the structural and functional changes in retinal vasculature induced by @entity2479 -reperfusion (I/R) in @entity35 . @entity2479 was induced for 60  min by raising the intraocular pressure to 130  mmHg. Morphological changes in vascular components (endothelial cells, pericytes, and basement membranes), the patency and perfusion of blood vessels, and expression of @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) were assessed in the retinas at 2, 7, and 14 days after I/R. Significant reductions in vascular densities were observed at 7 and 14 days after I/R. Pericyte loss occurred after the appearance of endothelial cell degeneration, whereas the vascular basement membranes remained unchanged. Some vessels showed no perfusion in damaged retina. A decrease in the immunoreactivity of @entity6667 in the region extending from the ganglion cell layer to the outer plexiform layer was evident 2  days after I/R. In retinal I/R model, @entity2479 cells are rapidly (<2 day) damaged following reperfusion, therefore, the current results suggest that neuronal cell damage precedes @entity528 , and neuronal cells may play an important role in maintaining vascular structure and function through the production and release of endothelial cell survival factors, including @entity6667 . Neuronal cell damage could be an additional cause of progression of @entity63 @entity989 by reducing blood supply to the retinal neurons due to the destruction of the blood vessel network.

title: Structural and functional changes in retinal vasculature induced by XXXX -reperfusion in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia', 'retinal ganglion', 'Retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal damage']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['capillary degeneration']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent studies have shown retinal blood vessel damage in experimental models of @entity2000 . The present study aimed to provide a detailed description of the structural and functional changes in retinal vasculature induced by @entity2479 -reperfusion (I/R) in @entity35 . @entity2479 was induced for 60  min by raising the intraocular pressure to 130  mmHg. Morphological changes in vascular components (endothelial cells, pericytes, and basement membranes), the patency and perfusion of blood vessels, and expression of @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) were assessed in the retinas at 2, 7, and 14 days after I/R. Significant reductions in vascular densities were observed at 7 and 14 days after I/R. Pericyte loss occurred after the appearance of endothelial cell degeneration, whereas the vascular basement membranes remained unchanged. Some vessels showed no perfusion in damaged retina. A decrease in the immunoreactivity of @entity6667 in the region extending from the ganglion cell layer to the outer plexiform layer was evident 2  days after I/R. In retinal I/R model, @entity2479 cells are rapidly (<2 day) damaged following reperfusion, therefore, the current results suggest that neuronal cell damage precedes @entity528 , and neuronal cells may play an important role in maintaining vascular structure and function through the production and release of endothelial cell survival factors, including @entity6667 . Neuronal cell damage could be an additional cause of progression of @entity63 @entity989 by reducing blood supply to the retinal neurons due to the destruction of the blood vessel network.

title: Structural and functional changes in retinal vasculature induced by @entity2479 -reperfusion in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We have made a study on the postoperative course of 20 cases with @entity76 observed and treated in Hokkaido University Hospital from 1957 to 1978. Following conclusions were obtained. (1) Among those 20 @entity1 , 16 were alive at the time of submission. The survival rate was 80% at 5 years respectively and the longest survival period for one of our @entity1 is 19 years postoperatively. (2) @entity5 was attemped in all cases and the prognosis was best influenced by the degree of removal. The cases who received a complete extirpation of their @entity5 resulted in a permanent and complete cure, but the cases of incomplete removal did not give so good results as the cases of complete removal. (3) In the cases who could removed completely, those cases had several factors in common, and from our clinical data, the following factors should be considered. 1. Growth of @entity5 was circumscribed and @entity5 did not infiltrate the substance of the brainstem. 2. @entity5 arising in the cerebellar hemisphere were found to be more common than those originating in the vermis. 3. It was notable that gross appearance of @entity5 was high incidence of @entity5409 . 4. Those @entity5 were a well-differentiated histomorphology and it was found that an overwhelming majority of those @entity816 were so-called @entity816 grade I. (4) A particularly benign prognosis was expected when the @entity5 occurred in childhood, but even adult cases if removed completely with several factors mentioned above, demonstrated a good prognosis.

title: [A clinical study on postoperative course of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'Removal of tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar astrocytoma']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['cerebellar astrocytoma']


abstract: Receptor @entity4149 kinases (RTKs) are high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines and hormones. RTKs are not only key regulators of normal cellular processes, but are also involved in the progression of many types of @entity5 , and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Catfish is a primary aquaculture species in the United States, while its industry is drastically hindered by several major diseases including enteric @entity295 of catfish (ESC) that is caused by @entity13195 . Disease outbreaks are often accompanied by @entity519 stress, which affects the performance and survival of fish by reducing disease resistance. In this study, we identified 26 RTK oncogenes in the @entity4576 genome, and determined their expression profiles after ESC infection and @entity519 stress. The 26 RTK genes were divided into four subfamilies according to phylogenetic analysis, including TIE (2 genes), ErbB (6 genes), EPH (14 genes), and INSR (4 genes). All identified RTKs possess a similar molecular architecture including ligand-binding domains, a single transmembrane helix and a cytoplasmic region, which suggests that these genes could play conserved biological roles. The expression analysis revealed that eight RTKs were significantly regulated after @entity2348 , with dramatic induction of insulin receptor genes including INSRb, IGF1Ra, and IGF1Rb. Upon @entity519 stress, EPHB3a, EGFR, ErbB4b, and IGF1Rb were expressed at higher levels in the tolerant catfish, while EPHA2a, EPHA2, TIE1 and INSRa were expressed at higher levels in the intolerant catfish. These results suggested the involvement of RTKs in immune responses and @entity519 tolerance.

title: Identification and expression analysis of 26 oncogenes of the receptor XXXX kinase family in @entity4576 after @entity2348 .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['channel catfish']

entities_list: @entity13195 :: ('67780', 'Species') :: ['Edwardsiella ictaluri']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Receptor @entity4149 kinases (RTKs) are high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines and hormones. RTKs are not only key regulators of normal cellular processes, but are also involved in the progression of many types of @entity5 , and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Catfish is a primary aquaculture species in the United States, while its industry is drastically hindered by several major diseases including enteric @entity295 of catfish (ESC) that is caused by @entity13195 . Disease outbreaks are often accompanied by @entity519 stress, which affects the performance and survival of fish by reducing disease resistance. In this study, we identified 26 RTK oncogenes in the @entity4576 genome, and determined their expression profiles after ESC infection and @entity519 stress. The 26 RTK genes were divided into four subfamilies according to phylogenetic analysis, including TIE (2 genes), ErbB (6 genes), EPH (14 genes), and INSR (4 genes). All identified RTKs possess a similar molecular architecture including ligand-binding domains, a single transmembrane helix and a cytoplasmic region, which suggests that these genes could play conserved biological roles. The expression analysis revealed that eight RTKs were significantly regulated after @entity2348 , with dramatic induction of insulin receptor genes including INSRb, IGF1Ra, and IGF1Rb. Upon @entity519 stress, EPHB3a, EGFR, ErbB4b, and IGF1Rb were expressed at higher levels in the tolerant catfish, while EPHA2a, EPHA2, TIE1 and INSRa were expressed at higher levels in the intolerant catfish. These results suggested the involvement of RTKs in immune responses and @entity519 tolerance.

title: Identification and expression analysis of 26 oncogenes of the receptor @entity4149 kinase family in @entity4576 after XXXX .

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial infection and hypoxic stress']


abstract: Receptor @entity4149 kinases (RTKs) are high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines and hormones. RTKs are not only key regulators of normal cellular processes, but are also involved in the progression of many types of @entity5 , and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Catfish is a primary aquaculture species in the United States, while its industry is drastically hindered by several major diseases including enteric @entity295 of catfish (ESC) that is caused by @entity13195 . Disease outbreaks are often accompanied by @entity519 stress, which affects the performance and survival of fish by reducing disease resistance. In this study, we identified 26 RTK oncogenes in the @entity4576 genome, and determined their expression profiles after ESC infection and @entity519 stress. The 26 RTK genes were divided into four subfamilies according to phylogenetic analysis, including TIE (2 genes), ErbB (6 genes), EPH (14 genes), and INSR (4 genes). All identified RTKs possess a similar molecular architecture including ligand-binding domains, a single transmembrane helix and a cytoplasmic region, which suggests that these genes could play conserved biological roles. The expression analysis revealed that eight RTKs were significantly regulated after @entity2348 , with dramatic induction of insulin receptor genes including INSRb, IGF1Ra, and IGF1Rb. Upon @entity519 stress, EPHB3a, EGFR, ErbB4b, and IGF1Rb were expressed at higher levels in the tolerant catfish, while EPHA2a, EPHA2, TIE1 and INSRa were expressed at higher levels in the intolerant catfish. These results suggested the involvement of RTKs in immune responses and @entity519 tolerance.

title: Identification and expression analysis of 26 oncogenes of the receptor @entity4149 kinase family in XXXX after @entity2348 .

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['channel catfish']


abstract: This study presents the clinicopathologic findings in four new cases of @entity774 . The @entity1 presented with episodic @entity101 frequently associated with palpitations, @entity10 , and diaphoresis. All four had elevated urinary @entity2922 levels during attacks, and were thought clinically to have a @entity1911 . In each case laparotomy revealed a diffusely enlarged @entity10163 without a discrete @entity5 . Histologic examination of the adrenals demonstrated a diffuse and nodular expansion of the medulla confirmed by morphometric study. Of the four @entity1 , three underwent unilateral and one bilateral adrenalectomy. Two @entity1 who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy have been free of symptoms for three years. Thus, it would appear that @entity774 may occur unilaterally or asynchronously in the two glands. The bilaterally adrenalectomized @entity1 has had persistent attacks, suggesting that the stimulus to @entity774 may possible affect other chromaffin tissues. On the basis of our cases and a review of the literature, we propose the following criteria for the diagnosis of @entity774 : a clinical history of episodic attacks suggesting @entity1911 (generally with associated increased urinary @entity2922 levels), an @entity10163 showing diffuse expansion of the medulla into the alae or tail of the gland with or without nodule formation, a medulla composed of enlarged cells with or without pleomorphism, and, most important, an increased medulla/cortex ratio, together with an increased calculated medullary weight as determined by morphometric analysis.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic study of four cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity10163 :: ('MESH:D000307', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal gland']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal medullary hyperplasia']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['Adrenal medullary hyperplasia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to obtain useful information for establishing the guidelines for treating high-grade spinal @entity11 . OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The optimal management of high-grade spinal @entity11 remains controversial. We report the outcomes of the surgical management of 14 high-grade spinal @entity11 . METHODS: We analyzed the outcomes of 14 @entity1 with high-grade spinal @entity11 who were surgically treated between 1989 and 2012. Survival was charted with the Kaplan-Meier plots and comparisons were made with the log-rank test. RESULTS: None of the @entity1 with high-grade spinal @entity11 underwent total resection. Subtotal resection was performed in two @entity1 , partial resection was performed in nine @entity1 , and open biopsy was performed in three @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent postoperative radiotherapy and six @entity1 further underwent radiation cordotomy. The median survival time for @entity1 with high-grade spinal @entity11 was 15 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 22.2%. The median survival time for @entity1 with World Health Organization grade III @entity5 was 25.5 months, whereas the median survival time for @entity1 with @entity463 multiforme was 12.5 months. Both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models demonstrated a significant effect only in the group that did not include cervical @entity602 as a factor associated with survival (p=0.04 and 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The surgical outcome of @entity1 diagnosed with high-grade spinal @entity11 remains poor. Notably, only the model which excluded cervical @entity602 as a factor significantly predicted survival.

title: Surgical Outcomes of High-Grade Spinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord lesion', 'cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['cord gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Cord Gliomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the complete resection of @entity976 ( @entity976 ) in adults on oncologic and functional outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 82 @entity1 with @entity976 who were surgically treated by the same neurosurgeon at our institution between January 1994 and December 2012. RESULTS: Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 71 @entity1 (86.6%), near total resection (NTR) in 7 @entity1 (8.5%), and subtotal resection (STR) in 3 @entity1 (3.7%). The disease-specific overall survival rate was 100% with the exclusion of 2 surgery-related mortalities. The overall recurrence rate was 12.2% (10 of 82 @entity1 ), however the recurrence rate according to extent of resection (EOR) was 9.9% (7 of 71 @entity1 ) after GTR, 14.3% (1 of 7 @entity1 ) after NTR, and 66.7% (2 of 3 @entity1 ) after STR. The overall recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates at 5 and 10 years were 87.0% and 76.8%, respectively. Postoperatively, most @entity1 (86.3%) needed hormone replacement for at least 1 hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Vision improved in 56.4% of the @entity1 with @entity227 , but deteriorated in 27.4% of @entity1 . @entity1640 developed in 32.9% of @entity1 . There were no significant differences in the risks of @entity4611 , @entity227 , or @entity1640 between the groups with complete vs. incomplete removal. The overall rate of @entity260 was 22.0%, which did not differ between groups (p=0.053). CONCLUSION: The complete removal of a @entity976 at first surgery can provide a chance for a cure with acceptable morbidity and mortality risks.

title: Is the Complete Resection of XXXX in Adults Feasible Considering Both the Oncologic and Functional Outcomes?

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative abnormal vision', 'visual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic dysfunction', 'Hypothalamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma', 'CP']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['Craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: Background. Perineal pressure due to bicycle riding has been associated with @entity323 . We developed a novel method to measure the occlusive force exerted over the perineal arteries and determined perineal @entity432 by a variety of seat designs. Methods. Doppler ultrasonography facilitated perineal artery localization and determination of the force required for perineal @entity432 in 20 healthy @entity1 . Flexiforce(  ) sensors were affixed over the proximal and distal aspects of the perineal arteries bilaterally. Individuals completed bicycle rides in the road- and stationary-settings with six distinct seat designs, including those with and without an anterior "nose." Results. The occlusion time proportion of the total ride time was calculated for each trial. The overall occlusion time proportion was 0.59 (95% CI [0.45-0.73]) across all seats and settings. The "no-nose" bicycle seat and the stationary-setting demonstrated significantly lower occlusion proportion times than the traditional nose bicycle seat and road-setting, respectively. However, all bicycle seats yielded an occlusion time proportion of 0.41 or greater. Discussion. Our method of real-time, non-invasive force measurement localized to the perineal arteries may be used to validate future bicycle seat design. It also underscores the significant risk of perineal @entity9085 in @entity1 who are avid bicyclists. This risk may be minimized by using newer "no-nose" bicycle seats.

title: A novel method to determine perineal XXXX among male bicyclists.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['artery insufficiency']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The superior colliculus (SC) is a midbrain center involved in controlling head and eye movements in response to inputs from multiple sensory modalities. Visual inputs arise from both the @entity227 and converge onto the superficial layer of the SC (sSC). Neurons in sSC send information to deeper layers of SC and to thalamic nuclei that modulate visually guided behaviors. Presently, our understanding of sSC neurons is impeded by a lack of molecular markers that define specific cell types. To better understand the identity and organization of sSC neurons, we took a systematic approach to investigate gene expression within four molecular families: transcription factors, cell adhesion molecules, neuropeptides and @entity460 binding proteins. Our analysis revealed 12 molecules with distinct expression patterns in @entity19 sSC: @entity71588 , @entity71589 , @entity71590 , @entity36836 , @entity71591 , @entity554 -related orphan receptor b, @entity16160 , Ets variant gene 1, @entity10501 , @entity1943 , vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and @entity5138 . Double labeling experiments, by either in situ hybridization or immunostaining, demonstrated that the 12 molecular markers collectively define 10 different sSC neuronal types. The characteristic positions of these cell types divide sSC into 4 distinct layers. The 12 markers identified here will serve as valuable tools to examine molecular mechanisms that regulate development of sSC neuron types. These markers could also be used to examine the connections between specific cell types that form retinocollicular, corticocollicular or colliculothalamic pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Molecular features distinguish ten neuronal types in the XXXX superficial superior colliculus.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['retina and visual cortex']

entities_list: @entity16160 :: ('18997(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3b']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neuronal differentiation often requires target-derived signals from the cells they innervate. These signals typically activate neural subtype-specific genes, but the gene regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Highly restricted expression of the @entity71592 neuropeptide in @entity238 Tv4 neurons requires target-derived @entity11453 signaling and a transcription factor code that includes Apterous. Using integrase transgenesis of enhancer reporters, we functionally dissected the Tv4-enhancer of @entity71592 within its native cellular context. We identified two essential but discrete cis-elements, a @entity11453 -response element ( @entity11453 -RE) that binds @entity11453 -activated pMad, and a homeodomain-response element (HD-RE) that binds Apterous. These cis-elements have low activity and must be combined for Tv4-enhancer activity. Such combinatorial activity is often a mechanism for restricting expression to the intersection of cis-element spatiotemporal activities. However, concatemers of the HD-RE and @entity11453 -RE cis-elements were found to independently generate the same spatiotemporal expression as the Tv4-enhancer. Thus, the Tv4-enhancer atypically combines two low-activity cis-elements that confer the same output from distinct inputs. The activation of target-dependent genes is assumed to 'wait' for target contact. We tested this directly, and unexpectedly found that premature @entity11453 activity could not induce early @entity71592 expression; also, we show that the @entity11453 -insensitive HD-RE cis-element is activated at the time of target contact. This led us to uncover a role for the nuclear receptor, @entity63063 ( @entity63063 ), as a repressor of @entity71592 induction prior to target contact. @entity63063 is normally downregulated immediately prior to target contact, and we found that maintaining @entity63063 expression prevents cis-element activation, whereas reducing @entity63063 gene dosage prematurely activates cis-element activity. We conclude that the target-dependent @entity71592 gene is repressed prior to target contact, and that target-derived @entity11453 signaling directly activates @entity71592 gene expression through an atypical gene regulatory mechanism.

title: Gene Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying the Spatial and Temporal Regulation of Target-Dependent Gene Expression in XXXX Neurons.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of @entity260 ( @entity260 ) on long-term survival outcomes following hepatic resection for @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is in controversy. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to systematically evaluate the POC effect on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) in @entity1 undergoing hepatic resection for @entity14 . METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all observational studies to evaluate the POC effect on @entity1349 and @entity66 in @entity1 undergoing hepatic resection for @entity14 . A search for all major databases and relevant journals from inception to January 2014 without restriction on languages or regions was performed. @entity260 were extracted and graded according to a validated system of classification. Outcome measures were postoperative 1-, 2-, 3-, and 10-year OSs and DFSs. Both random-effects and fixed-effect models were used to pool the hazard ratios (HRs) of the survival outcomes. Test of heterogeneity was performed with the Q statistic. RESULTS: A total of 2370 @entity1 were included in the meta-analysis. Both 5- and 10-year postoperative OSs showed significant decreases in @entity1 with @entity260 (HR  =  1.52; 95  % CI 1.27-1.83; P  <  0.001 and HR  =  1.36; 95  % CI 1.18-1.58; P  <  0.001, respectively). Similar outcomes were also observed in terms of DFSs, with the 5- and 10-year HRs found to be 1.37 (95  % CI 1.23-1.53; P  <  0.001) and 1.34 (95  % CI 1.17-1.53; P  <  0.001), respectively, compared to no POC group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity260 are strongly related to long-term oncologic outcomes following hepatic resection for @entity14 . Further efforts to refine surgical technique and postoperative management to avoid complications may improve the long-term oncological outcomes of the selected @entity1 .

title: Postoperative Complications Affect Long-Term Survival Outcomes Following Hepatic Resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['POCs', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRLM', 'colorectal liver metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Liver Metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Of all anti-dsDNA antibody detection methods, the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) is considered to have the highest specificity for @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this report is to evaluate whether the presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies detected by the @entity1062 method is associated with a specific clinical phenotype in recently diagnosed @entity1252 . METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included all @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1252 between 1990 and 2011 and followed up in our institution. Demographic, clinical and laboratory findings were assessed. Correlations between positivity of anti-dsDNA by the @entity1062 method, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 104 @entity1 were included in the analysis. @entity1 who were positive for anti-dsDNA by the @entity1062 method at the time of diagnosis had (statistically) significantly higher titers of anti-dsDNA by the ELISA method, antinuclear (ANA) and anticardiolipin antibodies, @entity2905 and complement consumption compared with the other two groups. Also they presented significantly more musculoskeletal symptoms at baseline. CONCLUSION: The presence of anti-dsDNA by the @entity1062 method in newly diagnosed @entity1252 was associated with certain markers of increased disease activity. Its use could be a useful biomarker for a specific clinical phenotype suggestive of a more severe involvement at the time of the diagnosis.

title: Differences between clinical and laboratory findings in @entity1 with recent diagnosis of XXXX according to the positivity of anti-dsDNA by the Crithidia luciliae method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['CLIF', 'Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['SLE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Of all anti-dsDNA antibody detection methods, the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) is considered to have the highest specificity for @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this report is to evaluate whether the presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies detected by the @entity1062 method is associated with a specific clinical phenotype in recently diagnosed @entity1252 . METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included all @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1252 between 1990 and 2011 and followed up in our institution. Demographic, clinical and laboratory findings were assessed. Correlations between positivity of anti-dsDNA by the @entity1062 method, clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 104 @entity1 were included in the analysis. @entity1 who were positive for anti-dsDNA by the @entity1062 method at the time of diagnosis had (statistically) significantly higher titers of anti-dsDNA by the ELISA method, antinuclear (ANA) and anticardiolipin antibodies, @entity2905 and complement consumption compared with the other two groups. Also they presented significantly more musculoskeletal symptoms at baseline. CONCLUSION: The presence of anti-dsDNA by the @entity1062 method in newly diagnosed @entity1252 was associated with certain markers of increased disease activity. Its use could be a useful biomarker for a specific clinical phenotype suggestive of a more severe involvement at the time of the diagnosis.

title: Differences between clinical and laboratory findings in XXXX with recent diagnosis of @entity1252 according to the positivity of anti-dsDNA by the Crithidia luciliae method.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The survival of advanced @entity320 has been greatly improved within the past few years. New therapeutic strategies like kinase inhibitors for @entity817 -mutant @entity320 and immune checkpoint blockers proved to prolong survival times within clinical trials, and many of them have already entered routine clinical use. However, these different treatment modalities have not yet been tested against each other, which complicate  therapy decisions. We performed an explorative analysis of survival data from recent clinical trials. Thirty-five Kaplan-Meier survival curves from 17 trials were digitised, re-grouped by matching inclusion criteria and treatment line, and averaged by therapy strategy. Notably, the survival curves grouped by therapy strategy revealed a very high concordance, even if different agents were used. The greatest survival improvement was observed with the combination of @entity817 plus @entity8047 inhibitors as well as with @entity8395 ( @entity8395 ) blockers with or without @entity4386 ( @entity4386 ) blockers, respectively, with these two treatment strategies showing similar survival outcomes. For first-line therapy, averaged survival proportions of @entity1 alive at 12 months were 74.5% with @entity817 plus @entity8047 inhibitor treatment versus 71.9% with PD-1 blockade. This explorative comparison shows the kinase inhibitors as similarly effective as immune checkpoint blockers with regard to survival. However, to confirm these first trends for implementation into an individualised treatment of @entity320 @entity1 , data from prospective clinical trials comparing the different treatment strategies head-to-head have to be awaited.

title: Survival of @entity1 with advanced XXXX : The impact of novel therapies.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity4386 :: ('1493', 'Gene') :: ['cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4', 'CTLA-4']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The survival of advanced @entity320 has been greatly improved within the past few years. New therapeutic strategies like kinase inhibitors for @entity817 -mutant @entity320 and immune checkpoint blockers proved to prolong survival times within clinical trials, and many of them have already entered routine clinical use. However, these different treatment modalities have not yet been tested against each other, which complicate  therapy decisions. We performed an explorative analysis of survival data from recent clinical trials. Thirty-five Kaplan-Meier survival curves from 17 trials were digitised, re-grouped by matching inclusion criteria and treatment line, and averaged by therapy strategy. Notably, the survival curves grouped by therapy strategy revealed a very high concordance, even if different agents were used. The greatest survival improvement was observed with the combination of @entity817 plus @entity8047 inhibitors as well as with @entity8395 ( @entity8395 ) blockers with or without @entity4386 ( @entity4386 ) blockers, respectively, with these two treatment strategies showing similar survival outcomes. For first-line therapy, averaged survival proportions of @entity1 alive at 12 months were 74.5% with @entity817 plus @entity8047 inhibitor treatment versus 71.9% with PD-1 blockade. This explorative comparison shows the kinase inhibitors as similarly effective as immune checkpoint blockers with regard to survival. However, to confirm these first trends for implementation into an individualised treatment of @entity320 @entity1 , data from prospective clinical trials comparing the different treatment strategies head-to-head have to be awaited.

title: Survival of XXXX with advanced @entity320 : The impact of novel therapies.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The relationship between tracheary element differentiation, cell proliferation and growth hormones was examined in agar-grown @entity1460 callus. The time course of cell division and tracheary element formation in tissues grown on a medium containing 5 x 10(-7)m @entity6208 and 10(-5)m @entity14728 was determined by means of maceration technique. After a slight lag period, a logarithmic increase in cell number was observed through the twelfth day of the culture period. Cell numbers increased at a considerably slower rate after the twelfth day. The rate of tracheary element formation varied with the rate of cell proliferation. Tracheary elements increased logarithmically during the log phase of growth. As the rate of cell division decreased after the twelfth day of culture, the rate of tracheary element formation also decreased. In the presence of 10(-5)m @entity14728 , cell number increased as the @entity6208 concentration was increased between 10(-9) and 10(-6)m. However, tracheary element formation was not initiated unless the @entity6208 concentration was 5 x 10(-8)m or above. When the Biloxi callus was subcultured repeatedly on media containing 10(-8)m @entity6208 , a tracheary element-free population of cells was obtained. This undifferentiated tissue produced tracheary elements upon transfer to a medium containing 5 x 10(-7)m @entity6208 . In the presence of 5 x 10(-7)m @entity6208 , @entity14728 stimulated cell proliferation between 10(-7) and 10(-5)m, but no tracheary elements were formed without auxin, or with 10(-7)m @entity14728 . Neither @entity14728 nor @entity6208 at any concentration tested stimulated tracheary element formation in the absence of an effective level of the other hormone. However, @entity14462 at 10(-7) or 10(-6)m promoted both cell proliferation and tracheary element differentiation in the absence of an exogenous cytokinin.

title: Hormonal control of cell proliferation and xylem differentiation in cultured tissues of XXXX var. Biloxi.

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['Glycine max']


abstract: Noncardiac @entity662 (NCCP) is defined as recurring, @entity951 -like, @entity662 of noncardiac origin. Although @entity1 with NCCP have excellent long-term prognosis, most suffer persistently from their symptoms. Several pathophysiological mechanisms have been suggested, including @entity354 ( @entity354 ), @entity4423 , @entity56 , and @entity458 . Among them, @entity354 is the most common cause of NCCP. Therefore, @entity354 should first be considered as the underlying cause of symptoms in @entity1 with NCCP. Empirical proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment with a preferably double dose for more than 2 months could be cost-effective. PPI test can also be used for diagnosis of @entity354 -related NCCP, but it should be considered for @entity1 with NCCP occurring at least weekly and its duration should be at least 2 weeks. However, upper endoscopy and esophageal pH monitoring are necessary when the diagnosis of @entity354 is uncertain. Esophageal impedance-pH monitoring could further improve the diagnostic yield. @entity1 with @entity354 -related NCCP should preferably be treated with a double dose PPI until symptoms remit (may require more than 2 months of therapy for optimal symptom control), followed by dose tapering to determine the lowest PPI dose that can control symptoms. However, treatment of @entity1 with non- @entity354 -related NCCP is challenging. An empirical treatment of antidepressants could be considered. If there are specific @entity4423 , smooth muscle relaxants or endoscopic treatment may be considered in selected cases. If none of these traditional treatments is effective, a psychology consultation for cognitive behavioral therapy should be considered.

title: Noncardiac XXXX : update on the diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal motility disorder', 'esophageal motility disorders']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Japan, the @entity5 screening rate is extremely low. Towards improving the @entity5 screening rate, encouraging eligible @entity1 to make an informed choice, which is a decision-making process that relies on beliefs informed by adequate information about the possible benefits and risks of screening, has attracted increased attention in the public health domain. However, there is concern that providing information on possible risks of screening might prevent deter from participating. METHODS: In total, 1,912 @entity1 aged 20-39 years who had not participated in screening in the fiscal year were selected from a Japanese urban community setting. @entity1 were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A received a printed reminder with information about the possible benefits of screening, group B received a printed reminder with information about possible benefits and risks, and group C received a printed reminder with simple information only (control group). RESULTS: Out of 1,912 @entity1 , 169 (8.8%) participated in @entity5 screening. In the intervention groups, 137 (10.9%) participated in @entity5 screening, compared to only 32 (4.9%) of the control group (p   <   0.001). In addition, logistic regression analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in screening rate between group A and group B (p   =   0.372). CONCLUSIONS: Providing information on the possible risks of screening may not prevent @entity1 from taking part in @entity5 screening among a Japanese non-adherent population.

title: Effect of providing risk information on undergoing XXXX screening: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'people']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The paper presents the study of narrations of @entity161 @entity1 focused on the description of activities characteristics. The aim is to answer the question of how experiencing of @entity716 crisis influences the perception of their authorship. Do the inherent characteristics of the activity differ with reference to the period of life which they relate to: the time before getting sick, or after falling ill with @entity161 ? METHODS: The material consisted of narrations of 26 @entity1 with @entity161 about their life prior to the illness and after the @entity716 crisis. Linguistic categories that make up the patterns of activity have been distinguished. The frequency of the occurrence was compared in both narrations. RESULTS: Self-descriptions after falling ill are more saturated with patterns of avoidance, motivation internally localized connected with attempts of coping with the disease and externally localized action control connected with a decreased sense of authorship in relation to experiencing symptoms and @entity6100 . CONCLUSIONS: The change of self-image after @entity716 experience concerns the deeper planes of narrative, i.e. the patterns of activity hidden in connection between the content and narrative form. The research showed the decrease of the sense of agency associated with the disease experience.

title: The perception of authorship in XXXX - the analysis of activity patterns in autonarrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of social competence']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: AIM: To identify risk factors of actual appendiceal perforation when computed tomography (CT) scans suggest nonperforated @entity698 and accordingly determine surgical priority. METHODS: We collected database of 1362 @entity1 who underwent an appendectomy for @entity697 between 2006 and 2013. A single radiologist selected 1236 @entity1 whose CT scans were suggestive of nonperforated @entity698 . @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: actual nonperforation group and actual perforation group according to intraoperative and pathologic features. Comparison of the 2 groups were made using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 1236 @entity1 , 90 (7.3%) were found to have actual appendiceal perforation. Four risk factors related with actual appendiceal perforation were identified: body temperature>= 37.6        C (HR=1.912, 95%CI: 1.161-3.149; P=0.011), out-of-hospital symptom duration>= 72 h (HR=2.454, 95%CI: 1.292-4.662; P=0.006), age>= 35 years (HR=3.358, 95%CI: 1.968-5.728; P<0.001), and appendiceal diameter on CT scan>= 8 mm (HR=4.294, 95%CI: 1.034-17.832; P=0.045). Actual appendiceal perforation group showed longer operation time, later initiation of diet, longer use of parenteral narcotics, longer hospital stay, and higher incidence of @entity260 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: We proposed here new criteria to select @entity1 with adverse clinical outcomes after appendectomy among the @entity1 with radiologically nonperforated @entity698 . @entity954 outcomes could be improved by determining the surgical priority according to our criteria.

title: Determination of surgical priorities in XXXX based on the probability of undetected appendiceal perforation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical appendectomy']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: Due to the anatomical peculiarity of the appendix, diagnosis of @entity5 arising from this area can be challenging by clinicoradiologic means. We report a case of a rare primary @entity2580 with an uncommon presentation. An 86-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with subacute @entity158 . Computed tomography demonstrated bowel wall thickening with fat stranding in the ileocecal region. The leading diagnostic consideration was @entity29 . Upon colonoscopy, a swollen, distorted ileocecal valve was identified. The remaining colon was otherwise unremarkable. Extensive biopsy sampling of the ileocecal region and colon was performed. A @entity2580 within the ileocecal region was diagnosed on biopsy; there was no @entity1141 or @entity189 of the remaining biopsies. By cytomorphology and immunoprofile, a @entity2580 of appendiceal origin was the primary consideration, further confirmed upon subsequent laparotomy. This case represents an unusual pattern of appendiceal @entity5 spread with localized, @entity14361 , creating a milieu which closely simulates @entity30 on imaging modalities.

title: Lymphangitic spread from the appendiceal adenocarcinoma to the ileocecal valve, mimicking XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangitic signet ring carcinoma', 'appendiceal signet ring carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity14361 :: ('MESH:C566895', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangitic involvement']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: @entity4195 (group A streptococci, GAS) is an exclusive @entity1 bacterial pathogen. The virulence potential of this species is tremendous. Interactions with @entity1 range from asymptomatic carriage over mild and superficial infections of skin and mucosal membranes up to systemic purulent @entity66 manifestations. Particularly the latter are a severe threat for predisposed @entity1 and lead to significant @entity204 tolls worldwide. This places GAS among the most important Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Many recent reviews have highlighted the GAS repertoire of virulence factors, regulators and regulatory circuits/networks that enable GAS to colonize the host and to deal with all levels of the host immune defense. This covers in vitro and in vivo studies, including animal infection studies based on @entity19 and more relevant, macaque monkeys. It is now appreciated that GAS, like many other bacterial species, do not necessarily exclusively live in a planktonic lifestyle. GAS is capable of microcolony and biofilm formation on host cells and tissues. We are now beginning to understand that this feature significantly contributes to GAS pathogenesis. In this review we will discuss the current knowledge on GAS biofilm formation, the biofilm-phenotype associated virulence factors, regulatory aspects of biofilm formation, the clinical relevance, and finally contemporary treatment regimens and future treatment options.

title: XXXX biofilms-formation, biology, and clinical relevance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['toxic-invasive disease']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4798 after @entity130 is uncommon. Injury of the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries can cause @entity4798 due to occlusion of brain blood flow. CASE PRESENTATION: Emergency medical service (EMS) brought a 4-year-old @entity1 involved in a car accident to the emergency room. She had had @entity410 controlled by @entity3175 . She was unconscious and her Glasgow @entity772 scale (GCS) score was eight. Early vital signs were stable. Her first brain CT scan showed a @entity3439 ( @entity3439 ). One day after admission to ICU, her GCS decreased to five; hence, a control brain CT was performed. The brain CT scan showed a @entity4798 . Six days after admission, her status worsened and her GCS dropped to three and her pupils became dilated bilaterally and unresponsive to light; she was pronounced dead. DISCUSSION: We present an uncommon case of posttraumatic @entity4798 and synchronous @entity3439 .

title: Posttraumatic hemicerebral infarction in a four-year-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction', 'Brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematoma', 'SDH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girl']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bronchoscopic treatment is 1 of the treatment choices for both palliative and definitive treatment of @entity6184 . There is no consensus on the management of these @entity1 , however, especially @entity1 having complex stenoses. The aim of the present study was to assess, in the largest group of @entity1 with complex stenoses yet reported, which types of @entity6184 are amenable to optimal management by bronchoscopic treatment. METHODS: The present study was a retrospective cohort study including 132 consecutive @entity1 with benign tracheal stenoses diagnosed between August 2005 and January 2013. The mean age of the study population was 52    18 years; 62 (47%) were @entity1 and 70 (53%) were @entity1 . Their lesions were classified as simple and complex stenoses. RESULTS: Simple stenoses (n  = 6) were treated with 12 rigid and flexible bronchoscopic procedures (mean of 2 per @entity1 ); 5 stents were placed. The total success rate was 100%. Among the 124 complex stenoses, 4 were treated directly with surgical intervention. In total, 481 rigid and 487 flexible bronchoscopic procedures were performed in these @entity1 . In this group, the success rate was 69.8%. CONCLUSIONS: From the present study, we propose that after accurate classification, interventional bronchoscopic management may have an important role in the treatment of @entity6184 . Bronchoscopic treatment should be considered as first-line therapy for simple stenoses, whereas complex stenoses need a multidisciplinary approach and often require surgical intervention. However, bronchoscopic treatment may be a valid conservative approach in the management of @entity1 with @entity6184 who are not eligible for operative treatment.

title: Bronchoscopic Treatment in the Management of Benign Tracheal Stenosis: Choices for Simple and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['benign tracheal stenosis', 'tracheal stenosis', 'complex tracheal stenosis']

answer: @entity6184 :: (MESH:D014135,Disease) :: ['Complex Tracheal Stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Context Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is traditionally used for treating various ailments, but lacks scientific evaluation. Objective This study evaluates Withania somnifera (WS) for its effect on platelet activity and inflammatory enzymes. Materials and methods Aqueous and ethanolic (1:1) leaf extracts were subjected to in vitro indirect haemolytic activity using @entity32766 venom, @entity1 @entity1423 was quantified for lipid peroxidation using @entity1426 (AA) as agonist and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) levels were determined using standard spectrometric assays. Further, molecular docking was performed by the ligand fit method using molegro software package (Molegro ApS, Aarhus, Denmark). Results The study found that aqueous and @entity1068 extracts have very negligible effect (15%) with an IC50 value of 13.8   mg/mL on PLA2 from @entity32766 venom. Further, extracts of WS also had very little effect (18%) with an IC50 value of 16.6   mg/mL on @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) formation. However, a 65% inhibition of 5-LOX with an IC50 value of 0.92   mg/mL was observed in 1:1 @entity1068 extracts. The same was evident from SAR model with the active ingredient @entity12900 binding predominantly on @entity815 77, Tyr 98, @entity534 99, @entity2574 164, Leu 168, Ser 382, @entity534 395, Tyr 396 and Tyr 614 with an atomic contact energy value of   -128.96 compared to standard @entity42430 (-103.61). Thus, the current study validates the application of WS for @entity32 . Conclusion This study reveals the inhibitory potential of W. somnifera on inflammatory enzymes and @entity1423 . Thus, WS can serve as a newer, safer and affordable medicine for @entity32 .

title: Evaluating the inhibitory potential of XXXX and inflammation enzymes: An in vitro and in silico study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity12900 :: ('MESH:C009684', 'Chemical') :: ['withaferin A']

entities_list: @entity42430 :: ('MESH:C015429', 'Chemical') :: ['phenidone']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['Withania somnifera on platelet aggregation']


abstract: A @entity1 with severe @entity2010 , complicated by @entity6 , was first treated with a combination o @entity12880 and @entity16860 . Urine volume dropped from 18 litres/day ( @entity17258 = 10.5 ml/min) to 3.1-5.1 litres/day ( @entity17258 = -0.1 -+1.1 ml/min) under treatment. Ten months after the beginning of therapy treatment was maintained with @entity16860 alone; no significant rise in urine volume was observed. After 18 months when therapy was stopped for 5 days urine volume rose to 11.7 litres/day maximum ( @entity17258 = 6.6 ml/min). No obvious side effects occurred under treatment during a follow up for over 18 months. Serum levels for @entity5463 before and under treatment were below 1.0 pg/ml. Determination of free water clearance ( @entity17258 ) proved to be a highly sensitive and simple method for follow up controls. It is discussed whether the coincidental manifestation of @entity2010 and @entity6 may be caused by a single molecular lesion. This hypothesis is supported by data which imply that in both disease @entity16860 acts via a common molecular mechanism, the blocking of endogenous @entity1421 biosynthesis. Finally a treatment with oral "non-hormonal" drugs like @entity12880 and @entity16860 should be taken into consideration in some cases of @entity2010 as is demonstrated by this case report.

title: Treatment of @entity2010 complicated by @entity6 with XXXX and @entity12880 .

entities_list: @entity12880 :: ('MESH:D002994', 'Chemical') :: ['clofibrate']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity16860 :: ('MESH:D002747', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpropamide']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic diabetes insipidus', 'diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity16860 :: (MESH:D002747,Chemical) :: ['chlorpropamide']