abstract: @entity407 increasingly require dietary management of overweight and @entity28 for resolution. Dietary management of inappropriate @entity1017 may be outside of normal pediatric expertise. This review used scientific statements of expert professional groups, federal program documentation, and selected original articles or opinions to survey dietary techniques and highlight continuing controversies and therapeutic successes. At present, complex societal and environmental factors underlie the current epidemic in pediatric overweight, precluding definitive statements of best practices. Thus, although first-generation professional group recommendations are available, clinicians should expect recommendations to change. However, lack of standardized practices to assess the degree and quality of overweight (central versus peripheral adiposity) limit objective determination of therapeutic need and timely referral to nutrition professionals. Dietary management of @entity2690 -resistant, overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 with @entity2299 ( @entity209 ) requires appropriate laboratory diagnostics to ensure that total fat and energy restrictions do not provoke or exacerbate @entity2298 or liver fat accumulation. Integrated treatment approaches that combine nutrition education, behavioral modification, and individualized diet instruction are showing success. Diet instructions that include practical translation of nutrition principles to daily eating habits are able to bring about substantial dietary change. The role of the school as a significant component of a @entity1 's lifestyle is described, as well as consideration of federally mandated feeding programs as a factor in designing effective dietary management strategies for those likely to be at high risk for overweight and @entity2299 . The need for coordination among families, and health and school professionals to achieve success is emphasized.

title: Societal aspects in the dietary management of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric hyperlipidemias']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemias']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: @entity172 analogues are promising drugs for @entity170 , but because of their possible side effects such as increased risk of @entity5 , @entity172 which exert their estrogenic effects selectively on bone are desired. It has been shown that rhein inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity and has an antitumor role in several types of @entity5 . Having found that rhein had high affinity for the bone mineral, we synthesized @entity1815 -rhein hybrid compounds and confirmed that one of these hybrid compounds, LC, exhibited a selective profile in the bone and prevented @entity604 but had no effect on endometrium growth in ovariectomized @entity35 . However, the mechanisms underlying its actions on @entity1 bone cells have not been well defined. Here we show that LC concurrently stimulates @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) and inhibits @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) production by @entity1 osteoblastic MG-63 cells containing two @entity172 receptor (ER) isotypes. Treatment with the ER antagonist @entity1299 abrogates the above actions of LC on osteoblast-derived cells. Using small interfering double-stranded RNAs (siRNA) technology, we further demonstrate that the effects of LC on @entity650 production are mediated by both @entity1782 and @entity1783 but those on @entity2159 and @entity5298 expression primarily by @entity1782 . Furthermore, we also demonstrate that LC functions at least partially through activation of the classic @entity172 response element (ERE) pathway as well as Ras/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 and @entity10412 /Akt signaling. The effect of LC on bone is due to not only its estrogenic activity but also action of its rhein moiety. Also, this compound shows much weaker effect on breast epithelial cell growth than that of @entity1815 . Therefore, using rhein for conjugating compounds is a promising method of effectively targeting @entity172 to the bone.

title: LC, a novel @entity1815 -rhein hybrid compound, concurrently stimulates XXXX and inhibits receptor activator of NF-kB ligand ( @entity5298 ) and @entity650 production by @entity1 osteoblastic cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens', 'estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['RANKL', 'receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity2159 :: (4982,Gene) :: ['osteoprotegerin']


abstract: @entity172 analogues are promising drugs for @entity170 , but because of their possible side effects such as increased risk of @entity5 , @entity172 which exert their estrogenic effects selectively on bone are desired. It has been shown that rhein inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity and has an antitumor role in several types of @entity5 . Having found that rhein had high affinity for the bone mineral, we synthesized @entity1815 -rhein hybrid compounds and confirmed that one of these hybrid compounds, LC, exhibited a selective profile in the bone and prevented @entity604 but had no effect on endometrium growth in ovariectomized @entity35 . However, the mechanisms underlying its actions on @entity1 bone cells have not been well defined. Here we show that LC concurrently stimulates @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) and inhibits @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) production by @entity1 osteoblastic MG-63 cells containing two @entity172 receptor (ER) isotypes. Treatment with the ER antagonist @entity1299 abrogates the above actions of LC on osteoblast-derived cells. Using small interfering double-stranded RNAs (siRNA) technology, we further demonstrate that the effects of LC on @entity650 production are mediated by both @entity1782 and @entity1783 but those on @entity2159 and @entity5298 expression primarily by @entity1782 . Furthermore, we also demonstrate that LC functions at least partially through activation of the classic @entity172 response element (ERE) pathway as well as Ras/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 and @entity10412 /Akt signaling. The effect of LC on bone is due to not only its estrogenic activity but also action of its rhein moiety. Also, this compound shows much weaker effect on breast epithelial cell growth than that of @entity1815 . Therefore, using rhein for conjugating compounds is a promising method of effectively targeting @entity172 to the bone.

title: LC, a novel XXXX -rhein hybrid compound, concurrently stimulates @entity2159 and inhibits receptor activator of NF-kB ligand ( @entity5298 ) and @entity650 production by @entity1 osteoblastic cells.

answer: @entity1815 :: (MESH:D004970,Chemical) :: ['estrone']


abstract: @entity172 analogues are promising drugs for @entity170 , but because of their possible side effects such as increased risk of @entity5 , @entity172 which exert their estrogenic effects selectively on bone are desired. It has been shown that rhein inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity and has an antitumor role in several types of @entity5 . Having found that rhein had high affinity for the bone mineral, we synthesized @entity1815 -rhein hybrid compounds and confirmed that one of these hybrid compounds, LC, exhibited a selective profile in the bone and prevented @entity604 but had no effect on endometrium growth in ovariectomized @entity35 . However, the mechanisms underlying its actions on @entity1 bone cells have not been well defined. Here we show that LC concurrently stimulates @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) and inhibits @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) production by @entity1 osteoblastic MG-63 cells containing two @entity172 receptor (ER) isotypes. Treatment with the ER antagonist @entity1299 abrogates the above actions of LC on osteoblast-derived cells. Using small interfering double-stranded RNAs (siRNA) technology, we further demonstrate that the effects of LC on @entity650 production are mediated by both @entity1782 and @entity1783 but those on @entity2159 and @entity5298 expression primarily by @entity1782 . Furthermore, we also demonstrate that LC functions at least partially through activation of the classic @entity172 response element (ERE) pathway as well as Ras/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 and @entity10412 /Akt signaling. The effect of LC on bone is due to not only its estrogenic activity but also action of its rhein moiety. Also, this compound shows much weaker effect on breast epithelial cell growth than that of @entity1815 . Therefore, using rhein for conjugating compounds is a promising method of effectively targeting @entity172 to the bone.

title: LC, a novel @entity1815 -rhein hybrid compound, concurrently stimulates @entity2159 and inhibits receptor activator of NF-kB ligand ( XXXX ) and @entity650 production by @entity1 osteoblastic cells.

answer: @entity5298 :: (8600,Gene) :: ['RANKL']


abstract: @entity172 analogues are promising drugs for @entity170 , but because of their possible side effects such as increased risk of @entity5 , @entity172 which exert their estrogenic effects selectively on bone are desired. It has been shown that rhein inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity and has an antitumor role in several types of @entity5 . Having found that rhein had high affinity for the bone mineral, we synthesized @entity1815 -rhein hybrid compounds and confirmed that one of these hybrid compounds, LC, exhibited a selective profile in the bone and prevented @entity604 but had no effect on endometrium growth in ovariectomized @entity35 . However, the mechanisms underlying its actions on @entity1 bone cells have not been well defined. Here we show that LC concurrently stimulates @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) and inhibits @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) production by @entity1 osteoblastic MG-63 cells containing two @entity172 receptor (ER) isotypes. Treatment with the ER antagonist @entity1299 abrogates the above actions of LC on osteoblast-derived cells. Using small interfering double-stranded RNAs (siRNA) technology, we further demonstrate that the effects of LC on @entity650 production are mediated by both @entity1782 and @entity1783 but those on @entity2159 and @entity5298 expression primarily by @entity1782 . Furthermore, we also demonstrate that LC functions at least partially through activation of the classic @entity172 response element (ERE) pathway as well as Ras/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 and @entity10412 /Akt signaling. The effect of LC on bone is due to not only its estrogenic activity but also action of its rhein moiety. Also, this compound shows much weaker effect on breast epithelial cell growth than that of @entity1815 . Therefore, using rhein for conjugating compounds is a promising method of effectively targeting @entity172 to the bone.

title: LC, a novel @entity1815 -rhein hybrid compound, concurrently stimulates @entity2159 and inhibits receptor activator of NF-kB ligand ( @entity5298 ) and XXXX production by @entity1 osteoblastic cells.

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: @entity172 analogues are promising drugs for @entity170 , but because of their possible side effects such as increased risk of @entity5 , @entity172 which exert their estrogenic effects selectively on bone are desired. It has been shown that rhein inhibits osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity and has an antitumor role in several types of @entity5 . Having found that rhein had high affinity for the bone mineral, we synthesized @entity1815 -rhein hybrid compounds and confirmed that one of these hybrid compounds, LC, exhibited a selective profile in the bone and prevented @entity604 but had no effect on endometrium growth in ovariectomized @entity35 . However, the mechanisms underlying its actions on @entity1 bone cells have not been well defined. Here we show that LC concurrently stimulates @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) and inhibits @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) and @entity650 ( @entity650 ) production by @entity1 osteoblastic MG-63 cells containing two @entity172 receptor (ER) isotypes. Treatment with the ER antagonist @entity1299 abrogates the above actions of LC on osteoblast-derived cells. Using small interfering double-stranded RNAs (siRNA) technology, we further demonstrate that the effects of LC on @entity650 production are mediated by both @entity1782 and @entity1783 but those on @entity2159 and @entity5298 expression primarily by @entity1782 . Furthermore, we also demonstrate that LC functions at least partially through activation of the classic @entity172 response element (ERE) pathway as well as Ras/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 and @entity10412 /Akt signaling. The effect of LC on bone is due to not only its estrogenic activity but also action of its rhein moiety. Also, this compound shows much weaker effect on breast epithelial cell growth than that of @entity1815 . Therefore, using rhein for conjugating compounds is a promising method of effectively targeting @entity172 to the bone.

title: LC, a novel @entity1815 -rhein hybrid compound, concurrently stimulates @entity2159 and inhibits receptor activator of NF-kB ligand ( @entity5298 ) and @entity650 production by XXXX osteoblastic cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: The clinical and radiological diagnosis of @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ) can be difficult. When radiological evidence is present, severity and complications, such as perforation and full-thickness @entity39 , often may not be obvious. This study aims to establish early signs of full-thickness @entity39 or perforation by using standard and @entity941 laparoscopy before clinical deterioration of @entity1 occurs. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with preoperative presumed clinical and/or radiological diagnosis of @entity3166 underwent laparoscopy. A 4.7-mm umbilical or left upper quadrant camera port was inserted by using the open method. The abdominal cavity was inspected for @entity63 , fibrin, adhesion formation, and presence of free intestinal contents. If necessary, one or two 3-mm working ports were inserted for manipulation of bowel. RESULTS: Median age of 13 @entity1 was 17 (3-38) days. Their median weight was 1160 (910-2415) g. The first 5 @entity1 had standard laparoscopy only, with the next 8 having @entity941 -aided assessment added to the laparoscopy. Standard laparoscopy identified perforation in 5 @entity1 and gangrenous bowel in 2. One @entity1 was found to have chyle ascites, and 1 @entity1 had no abnormal findings on laparoscopy. @entity941 identified gangrenous bowel in 3 additional @entity1 . Laparotomy and necessary surgical intervention were performed in all 10 @entity1 with positive laparoscopy findings. Eleven @entity1 survived and were doing well at a median of 9 (range, 6-39) months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy helps to improve assessment of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity3166 . It allows for early identification of perforation and @entity39 . Where @entity63 is suspected, @entity941 laparoscopy may have an added benefit in identifying @entity39 segments.

title: XXXX : early conventional and @entity941 laparoscopic assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'bowel ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein', 'fluorescein']

answer: @entity3166 :: (MESH:D020345,Disease) :: ['Necrotizing enterocolitis']


abstract: AIM: The clinical and radiological diagnosis of @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ) can be difficult. When radiological evidence is present, severity and complications, such as perforation and full-thickness @entity39 , often may not be obvious. This study aims to establish early signs of full-thickness @entity39 or perforation by using standard and @entity941 laparoscopy before clinical deterioration of @entity1 occurs. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with preoperative presumed clinical and/or radiological diagnosis of @entity3166 underwent laparoscopy. A 4.7-mm umbilical or left upper quadrant camera port was inserted by using the open method. The abdominal cavity was inspected for @entity63 , fibrin, adhesion formation, and presence of free intestinal contents. If necessary, one or two 3-mm working ports were inserted for manipulation of bowel. RESULTS: Median age of 13 @entity1 was 17 (3-38) days. Their median weight was 1160 (910-2415) g. The first 5 @entity1 had standard laparoscopy only, with the next 8 having @entity941 -aided assessment added to the laparoscopy. Standard laparoscopy identified perforation in 5 @entity1 and gangrenous bowel in 2. One @entity1 was found to have chyle ascites, and 1 @entity1 had no abnormal findings on laparoscopy. @entity941 identified gangrenous bowel in 3 additional @entity1 . Laparotomy and necessary surgical intervention were performed in all 10 @entity1 with positive laparoscopy findings. Eleven @entity1 survived and were doing well at a median of 9 (range, 6-39) months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy helps to improve assessment of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity3166 . It allows for early identification of perforation and @entity39 . Where @entity63 is suspected, @entity941 laparoscopy may have an added benefit in identifying @entity39 segments.

title: @entity3166 : early conventional and XXXX laparoscopic assessment.

answer: @entity941 :: (MESH:D019793,Chemical) :: ['fluorescein']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of the present pilot study was to evaluate the safety and clinical application of intraperitoneal microdialysis (MD) in preterm @entity1 operated on for @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ). METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 underwent MD. Two were excluded from analysis: 1 because of catheter malfunction and 1 because of fatal outcome immediately after surgery. The median MD time was 122 hours. Samples were collected every 4 hours, and the concentration of @entity413 , @entity880 , @entity2388 , and @entity653 was measured. RESULTS: Three @entity1 were reoperated on: 2 because of recurrent @entity3166 and 1 because of @entity850 . In the 2 cases with recurrent @entity3166 , changes in MD variables were found. Another had a prolonged postoperative period owing to @entity298 . The values of MD normalized along with the return of bowel function. In 8 @entity1 , the postoperative course was uncomplicated. The results of peritoneal MD in @entity1 with complications were significantly different from those with an uncomplicated course ( @entity880 /pyruvate ratio and @entity413 concentration). CONCLUSION: Peritoneal MD is a safe procedure and an applicable method in surveillance of the metabolic and inflammatory changes in the peritoneal cavity after surgery for @entity3166 . Larger series are needed to evaluate the clinical significance and use of this method.

title: Intraperitoneal microdialysis in the postoperative surveillance after surgery for XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse fecal peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['ileal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity3166 :: (MESH:D020345,Disease) :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']


abstract: AIM: To study the protective effect of tea @entity6398 (TPs) on submandibular glands affected by @entity1161 . METHODS: Sixty @entity35 were randomly divided into radiation group (R-group, N = 30) and TP-pre-treated-radiation group (TPR-group, N = 30). The @entity35 were intragastrically administered with TP or normal @entity1372 from 14 days before radiation, continuously daily, until the experiment. All the @entity35 in both groups were irradiated with a single exposure dose of 15 Gy gamma rays that were delivered to the head and neck areas. Ten @entity35 of each group were anatomised on the 3rd, 6th and 30th day after irradiation, respectively. The submandibular glands of the @entity35 were removed for the study. The morphologic changes of the submandibular glands were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The @entity12809 ( @entity12809 )-mediated @entity9342 ( @entity1977 )- @entity1885 nick-end labelling (TUNEL) method was used to detect apoptosis of the submandibular glands' cells. RESULTS: Electron microscope observation of the submandibular glands showed that the lesions of the TPR-group were mild. Change in apoptosis of the cells was not obvious compared with the R-group. The cell apotosis was typical after irradiation in the R-group. Apoptosis index that was detected in the cells of submandibular glands of the TPR-group was statistically significantly decreased compared with the R-group (P < 0.01) on the 3rd, 6th and 30th day after irradiation. CONCLUSION: TP could protect submandibular glands from @entity1161 , and the protection mechanism may be realised by anti-apoptosis.

title: Tea XXXX protect against irradiation-induced injury in submandibular glands' cells: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity12809 :: ('294051(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase', 'TdT']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injuries', 'radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

answer: @entity6398 :: (MESH:D059808,Chemical) :: ['polyphenols']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although the natural history and management of infected open @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair is well described, only sporadic case reports have described the fate of @entity1 with infected endografts placed in the abdominal aorta. The present study describes a tertiary referral center's experience with @entity5880 repairs (EVARs). METHODS: The medical records of 1302 open and endovascular aortic procedures were queried from January 2000 to January 2010. The cases were reviewed for prior aortic procedures, prosthetic implants, and etiology of current open procedure. Demographics, operative details, and perioperative courses were documented. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 (1 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 71 years had an EVAR that later required an open procedure for explantation and surgical revision for suspected @entity281 . All grafts were explanted through a midline transperitoneal approach, with a mean time to explant of 33 months. The explanted endografts included 4 Zenith (Cook, Bloomington, Ind), 2 Ancure (Endovascular Technologies, Menlo Park, @entity2948 ), 2 Excluders (Gore, Flagstaff, Ariz), and 1 AneuRx (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minn). Eight of the nine original EVARs were performed at other hospitals; 1 @entity1 had EVAR and open explant at the University of Michigan. All @entity1 had preoperative computed tomography scans, except one who was transferred in extremis with a @entity360 . Three @entity1 also had a tagged leukocyte scan, and two had magnetic resonance imaging to further reinforce the suspicion of @entity281 before explantation and bypass planning. Rifampin-soaked Hemashield (Boston Scientific) in situ grafts were used in four @entity1 , with extra-anatomic (axillary-bifemoral) bypass used in the other five. The in situ group had no positive preoperative or postoperative cultures, with the exception of the unstable @entity1 who died the day of surgery. For the other five @entity1 , positive tissue cultures were found for Bacteroides, @entity526 , coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Candida. Three @entity1 were found to have @entity2333 , two of whom died before discharge from the hospital. The remaining seven survived to discharge. Average length of stay was 22 days, with a median follow-up of 11 months. CONCLUSION: This series of infected EVARs is the largest group of infected @entity1028 endografts reported to date. Because EVAR of AAAs is presently the most common method of repair, development of endograft @entity281 , while rare, can be managed with acceptable mortality rates. @entity1 presenting with @entity2333 after EVAR appear to have a more virulent course.

title: Graft @entity281 after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['infected endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic-enteric fistula']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although the natural history and management of infected open @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair is well described, only sporadic case reports have described the fate of @entity1 with infected endografts placed in the abdominal aorta. The present study describes a tertiary referral center's experience with @entity5880 repairs (EVARs). METHODS: The medical records of 1302 open and endovascular aortic procedures were queried from January 2000 to January 2010. The cases were reviewed for prior aortic procedures, prosthetic implants, and etiology of current open procedure. Demographics, operative details, and perioperative courses were documented. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 (1 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 71 years had an EVAR that later required an open procedure for explantation and surgical revision for suspected @entity281 . All grafts were explanted through a midline transperitoneal approach, with a mean time to explant of 33 months. The explanted endografts included 4 Zenith (Cook, Bloomington, Ind), 2 Ancure (Endovascular Technologies, Menlo Park, @entity2948 ), 2 Excluders (Gore, Flagstaff, Ariz), and 1 AneuRx (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minn). Eight of the nine original EVARs were performed at other hospitals; 1 @entity1 had EVAR and open explant at the University of Michigan. All @entity1 had preoperative computed tomography scans, except one who was transferred in extremis with a @entity360 . Three @entity1 also had a tagged leukocyte scan, and two had magnetic resonance imaging to further reinforce the suspicion of @entity281 before explantation and bypass planning. Rifampin-soaked Hemashield (Boston Scientific) in situ grafts were used in four @entity1 , with extra-anatomic (axillary-bifemoral) bypass used in the other five. The in situ group had no positive preoperative or postoperative cultures, with the exception of the unstable @entity1 who died the day of surgery. For the other five @entity1 , positive tissue cultures were found for Bacteroides, @entity526 , coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Candida. Three @entity1 were found to have @entity2333 , two of whom died before discharge from the hospital. The remaining seven survived to discharge. Average length of stay was 22 days, with a median follow-up of 11 months. CONCLUSION: This series of infected EVARs is the largest group of infected @entity1028 endografts reported to date. Because EVAR of AAAs is presently the most common method of repair, development of endograft @entity281 , while rare, can be managed with acceptable mortality rates. @entity1 presenting with @entity2333 after EVAR appear to have a more virulent course.

title: Graft XXXX after @entity1028 repair.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is established in the management of small unifocal @entity0 its role in management of @entity5278 ( @entity5278 ), multicentric (MC) and @entity5 is still evolving. METHODS: Medline was searched; studies meeting pre-determined criteria were included. Data were extracted and entered into evidence tables. RESULTS: Twenty six studies met inclusion criteria and reported data on accuracy; no randomized trials were identified. For @entity5 (n = 314 cases), success rate for identification of an @entity4298 was 86-94%, @entity4298 positivity rate 42-59%, false negative rate (FNR) 0-33% and overall accuracy 78-100%. For MC (n = 294 cases): success rate 92-100%, @entity4298 positivity rate 25-61%, FNR 4-8% and accuracy 96-100%. For 'multiple @entity0 ' (studies combining @entity5278 /MC cases; n = 996 cases): success rate 92-100%, @entity4298 positivity rate 12-63%, FNR 0-25%, and accuracy 82-100%. For @entity5 (n = 1912 cases): success rate 86-100%, @entity4298 positivity rate 49-77%, FNR 3-18% and accuracy 85-98%. For MC/ @entity5278 and larger @entity5 overall non- @entity4298 positivity rates were up to 82%; axillary recurrence rates were low but seldom reported. CONCLUSION: There are no randomized trials evaluating the safety of @entity1600 in @entity0 . Based on limited evidence, success rate and FNR appear to be similar to those for small unifocal @entity5 , however node positivity rates are higher and rates of non- @entity4298 positivity are very high. Awareness of these issues is essential when recommending @entity1600 based axillary management for these higher-risk @entity5 .

title: Accuracy of @entity1600 in large and XXXX /multicentric @entity0 --a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'MF/MC and larger breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MF cancers', 'cancers', 'larger tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5278 :: ('MESH:C537374', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node biopsy', 'SLNB']

answer: @entity5278 :: (MESH:C537374,Disease) :: ['multifocal']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is established in the management of small unifocal @entity0 its role in management of @entity5278 ( @entity5278 ), multicentric (MC) and @entity5 is still evolving. METHODS: Medline was searched; studies meeting pre-determined criteria were included. Data were extracted and entered into evidence tables. RESULTS: Twenty six studies met inclusion criteria and reported data on accuracy; no randomized trials were identified. For @entity5 (n = 314 cases), success rate for identification of an @entity4298 was 86-94%, @entity4298 positivity rate 42-59%, false negative rate (FNR) 0-33% and overall accuracy 78-100%. For MC (n = 294 cases): success rate 92-100%, @entity4298 positivity rate 25-61%, FNR 4-8% and accuracy 96-100%. For 'multiple @entity0 ' (studies combining @entity5278 /MC cases; n = 996 cases): success rate 92-100%, @entity4298 positivity rate 12-63%, FNR 0-25%, and accuracy 82-100%. For @entity5 (n = 1912 cases): success rate 86-100%, @entity4298 positivity rate 49-77%, FNR 3-18% and accuracy 85-98%. For MC/ @entity5278 and larger @entity5 overall non- @entity4298 positivity rates were up to 82%; axillary recurrence rates were low but seldom reported. CONCLUSION: There are no randomized trials evaluating the safety of @entity1600 in @entity0 . Based on limited evidence, success rate and FNR appear to be similar to those for small unifocal @entity5 , however node positivity rates are higher and rates of non- @entity4298 positivity are very high. Awareness of these issues is essential when recommending @entity1600 based axillary management for these higher-risk @entity5 .

title: Accuracy of @entity1600 in large and @entity5278 /multicentric XXXX --a systematic review.

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is established in the management of small unifocal @entity0 its role in management of @entity5278 ( @entity5278 ), multicentric (MC) and @entity5 is still evolving. METHODS: Medline was searched; studies meeting pre-determined criteria were included. Data were extracted and entered into evidence tables. RESULTS: Twenty six studies met inclusion criteria and reported data on accuracy; no randomized trials were identified. For @entity5 (n = 314 cases), success rate for identification of an @entity4298 was 86-94%, @entity4298 positivity rate 42-59%, false negative rate (FNR) 0-33% and overall accuracy 78-100%. For MC (n = 294 cases): success rate 92-100%, @entity4298 positivity rate 25-61%, FNR 4-8% and accuracy 96-100%. For 'multiple @entity0 ' (studies combining @entity5278 /MC cases; n = 996 cases): success rate 92-100%, @entity4298 positivity rate 12-63%, FNR 0-25%, and accuracy 82-100%. For @entity5 (n = 1912 cases): success rate 86-100%, @entity4298 positivity rate 49-77%, FNR 3-18% and accuracy 85-98%. For MC/ @entity5278 and larger @entity5 overall non- @entity4298 positivity rates were up to 82%; axillary recurrence rates were low but seldom reported. CONCLUSION: There are no randomized trials evaluating the safety of @entity1600 in @entity0 . Based on limited evidence, success rate and FNR appear to be similar to those for small unifocal @entity5 , however node positivity rates are higher and rates of non- @entity4298 positivity are very high. Awareness of these issues is essential when recommending @entity1600 based axillary management for these higher-risk @entity5 .

title: Accuracy of XXXX in large and @entity5278 /multicentric @entity0 --a systematic review.

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['sentinel lymph node biopsy']


abstract: Trypanosomatids present unusual organelles, such as the kinetoplast that contains the mitochondrial DNA arranged in catenated circles. The nucleus of these protozoa presents distinct domains during interphase as well as a closed mitosis. DNA topoisomerases modulate the topological state of DNA by regulating supercoiling of the double-stranded DNA during replication, transcription, recombination and repair. Because topoisomerases play essential roles in cellular processes, they constitute a potential target for antitumour and antimicrobial drugs. In this study, the effects of various topoisomerase inhibitors and DNA-binding drugs were tested on the cellular proliferation and ultrastructure of the @entity1527 epimastigote form Blastocrithidia culicis was used as a comparative model, which has a more relaxed kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) organization. The results showed that the eukaryotic topoisomerase I inhibitors @entity9800 and @entity41329 were the most effective compounds in the arrest of @entity1527 proliferation. Of the eukaryotic topoisomerase II inhibitors, @entity2664 , but not @entity6843 , was effective against cell proliferation. The prokaryotic topoisomerase II inhibitors @entity4258 and @entity4257 targeted the kinetoplast specifically, thus promoting ultrastructural kDNA rearrangement in B. culicis. Of the DNA-binding drugs, berenil caused remarkable kDNA disorganization. With the exception of @entity9800 , there have been no previous evaluations of the compounds tested here on trypanosomatid ultrastructure. In conclusion, inhibitors of the same class may have different effects on trypanosomatid proliferation and ultrastructure. The results obtained in this work may help to reveal the mechanism of action of different topoisomerase inhibitors in trypanosomatids.

title: Effect of topoisomerase inhibitors and DNA-binding drugs on the cell proliferation and ultrastructure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity4257 :: ('MESH:D015365', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxacin']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity6843 :: ('MESH:C045459', 'Chemical') :: ['merbarone']

entities_list: @entity41329 :: ('MESH:C053339', 'Chemical') :: ['rebeccamycin']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: Oral (p.o.) administration of a single dose of kalmegh leaf extract (KE; 0.5 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg) or @entity14213 (A; 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) to adult male albino @entity35 (100-120 g) produced a dose-related and time-dependent characteristic activation of brush-border membrane-bound hydrolases, viz. @entity12115 , maltase and sucrase in three regions of small intestine (viz. duodenum, jejunum and ileum). The maximum stimulation of these disaccharidases was obtained at 6 hr of either KE or A administration. Further, it was also noted that the extent of activation of the disaccharidases with KE or A, both at higher and lower doses, followed the order: (a) Maltase greater than sucrase greater than @entity12115 in duodenum and (b) Maltase greater than @entity12115 greater than sucrase in jejunum and ileum. Long term administration (for 7, 15 and 30 consecutive days) of either KE (500 p.o.) or A (5 mg/kg/day; p.o.) stimulated @entity12115 , maltase and sucrase in all parts of the small intestine. Maximum stimulation of @entity12115 and maltase was noted after 30 consecutive days of treatment while sucrase exhibited maximum activation after 15 consecutive of treatment with either KE or A. These results suggest that both KE and A accelerate intestinal digestion and absorption of @entity1735 by activating these intestinal disaccharidases.

title: XXXX and kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata) extract: effect on intestinal brush-border membrane-bound hydrolases.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity14213 :: ('MESH:C030419', 'Chemical') :: ['andrographolide']

answer: @entity14213 :: (MESH:C030419,Chemical) :: ['Andrographolide']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1486 (PSA) test has become a widely used screening test in @entity263 ( @entity10982 ). However, low specificity of serum PSA leads to many false-positive and false-negative results and clinical uncertainty. Development of @entity10982 -specific diagnostic and prognostic markers is needed. Detection of circulating PSA-expressing cells (CPECs) in blood and bone marrow of @entity10982 @entity1 has potential in molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Our novel observations of the frequent presence of CPECs in @entity10982 @entity1 with organ-confined disease by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-PSA assay in epithelial cells enriched from peripheral blood (ERT-PCR/PSA) have led us to test the hypothesis that CPECs have diagnostic potential for @entity10982 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Epithelial cells from peripheral blood of radical prostatectomy @entity1 or prostate biopsy @entity1 were isolated using antiepithelial cell antibody, Ber-EP4-coated magnetic beads, and total RNA specimens from these cells were analyzed for PSA expression by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Peripheral blood specimens of 108 of 135 (80.0%) @entity10982 @entity1 were positive in ERT-PCR/PSA assay. Peripheral blood specimens from 45 control @entity1 were virtually negative (97.8%). In the blinded investigation, 84 @entity1 who had biopsy for suspicion of @entity10982 were evaluated by ERT-PCR/PSA assay. Eighteen of 22 (81.8%) @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity10982 were positive, and 54 of 62 (87.1%) @entity1 with biopsy negative for @entity10982 were negative in this assay (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides intriguing novel results showing that the majority of @entity1 with clinically organ-confined @entity10982 contain CPECs. Strong concordance between the biopsy results and ERT-PCR/PSA assay (sensitivity 81.8%; specificity 87.1%) suggests a potentially new diagnostic application of this type of assay in @entity10982 diagnosis.

title: Diagnostic potential of XXXX expressing epithelial cells in blood of @entity263 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1486 (PSA) test has become a widely used screening test in @entity263 ( @entity10982 ). However, low specificity of serum PSA leads to many false-positive and false-negative results and clinical uncertainty. Development of @entity10982 -specific diagnostic and prognostic markers is needed. Detection of circulating PSA-expressing cells (CPECs) in blood and bone marrow of @entity10982 @entity1 has potential in molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Our novel observations of the frequent presence of CPECs in @entity10982 @entity1 with organ-confined disease by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-PSA assay in epithelial cells enriched from peripheral blood (ERT-PCR/PSA) have led us to test the hypothesis that CPECs have diagnostic potential for @entity10982 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Epithelial cells from peripheral blood of radical prostatectomy @entity1 or prostate biopsy @entity1 were isolated using antiepithelial cell antibody, Ber-EP4-coated magnetic beads, and total RNA specimens from these cells were analyzed for PSA expression by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Peripheral blood specimens of 108 of 135 (80.0%) @entity10982 @entity1 were positive in ERT-PCR/PSA assay. Peripheral blood specimens from 45 control @entity1 were virtually negative (97.8%). In the blinded investigation, 84 @entity1 who had biopsy for suspicion of @entity10982 were evaluated by ERT-PCR/PSA assay. Eighteen of 22 (81.8%) @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity10982 were positive, and 54 of 62 (87.1%) @entity1 with biopsy negative for @entity10982 were negative in this assay (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides intriguing novel results showing that the majority of @entity1 with clinically organ-confined @entity10982 contain CPECs. Strong concordance between the biopsy results and ERT-PCR/PSA assay (sensitivity 81.8%; specificity 87.1%) suggests a potentially new diagnostic application of this type of assay in @entity10982 diagnosis.

title: Diagnostic potential of @entity1486 expressing epithelial cells in blood of XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1486 (PSA) test has become a widely used screening test in @entity263 ( @entity10982 ). However, low specificity of serum PSA leads to many false-positive and false-negative results and clinical uncertainty. Development of @entity10982 -specific diagnostic and prognostic markers is needed. Detection of circulating PSA-expressing cells (CPECs) in blood and bone marrow of @entity10982 @entity1 has potential in molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Our novel observations of the frequent presence of CPECs in @entity10982 @entity1 with organ-confined disease by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-PSA assay in epithelial cells enriched from peripheral blood (ERT-PCR/PSA) have led us to test the hypothesis that CPECs have diagnostic potential for @entity10982 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Epithelial cells from peripheral blood of radical prostatectomy @entity1 or prostate biopsy @entity1 were isolated using antiepithelial cell antibody, Ber-EP4-coated magnetic beads, and total RNA specimens from these cells were analyzed for PSA expression by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Peripheral blood specimens of 108 of 135 (80.0%) @entity10982 @entity1 were positive in ERT-PCR/PSA assay. Peripheral blood specimens from 45 control @entity1 were virtually negative (97.8%). In the blinded investigation, 84 @entity1 who had biopsy for suspicion of @entity10982 were evaluated by ERT-PCR/PSA assay. Eighteen of 22 (81.8%) @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity10982 were positive, and 54 of 62 (87.1%) @entity1 with biopsy negative for @entity10982 were negative in this assay (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides intriguing novel results showing that the majority of @entity1 with clinically organ-confined @entity10982 contain CPECs. Strong concordance between the biopsy results and ERT-PCR/PSA assay (sensitivity 81.8%; specificity 87.1%) suggests a potentially new diagnostic application of this type of assay in @entity10982 diagnosis.

title: Diagnostic potential of @entity1486 expressing epithelial cells in blood of @entity263 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The small GTP-binding protein Rho and its best-characterized downstream effector Rho-associated @entity563 - @entity1889 protein kinase, ROCK, participate in actin cytoskeleton organization, and are linked to pathogenesis and progression of several @entity1 @entity5 . We investigated the roles of Rho and ROCK in @entity150 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using Western blotting, we quantitated Rho and ROCK protein expression in paired @entity5 and nontumor surgical samples from 107 consecutive Japanese @entity1 with @entity150 . RESULTS: @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK were more abundant in @entity5 and metastatic lymph nodes than in nontumor bladder and uninvolved lymph nodes (P < 0.0001). Amounts of @entity3547 and @entity33760 protein, and ROCK protein expression correlated positively with one another (P < 0.0001). High @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK expression were related to poor @entity5 differentiation (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively), muscle invasion (P < 0.001), and lymph node @entity3 (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier plots linked high @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK protein expression to shortened disease-free and overall survival (P < 0.0001). By univariate analysis, high @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK protein expression predicted shortened disease-free and overall survival (P < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, only @entity33760 was independently influenced in disease-free survival (P < 0.05), and @entity3547 and @entity33760 in overall survival (P < 0.001). In contrast, @entity16505 expression was inversely related to the grade and stage (P < 0.05), and its higher expression is associated with better overall survival (P < 0.05). In superficial @entity5 (Ta or T1; 63 @entity1 ), @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK were unrelated with recurrence-free survival. Overall survival in @entity5 invading muscle (T2 to T4; 44 @entity1 ) was significantly influenced by @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK in a Kaplan-Meier analysis (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.01, respectively). Whereas @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK independently predicted shortened overall survival in @entity1 with invasive @entity5 by univariate analysis (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.01, respectively), only @entity33760 did so by multivariate analysis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Rho/ROCK pathway apparently involved in occurrence and progression of @entity150 may be valuable prognostic markers.

title: Significant association of Rho/ROCK pathway with invasion and @entity3 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The small GTP-binding protein Rho and its best-characterized downstream effector Rho-associated @entity563 - @entity1889 protein kinase, ROCK, participate in actin cytoskeleton organization, and are linked to pathogenesis and progression of several @entity1 @entity5 . We investigated the roles of Rho and ROCK in @entity150 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using Western blotting, we quantitated Rho and ROCK protein expression in paired @entity5 and nontumor surgical samples from 107 consecutive Japanese @entity1 with @entity150 . RESULTS: @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK were more abundant in @entity5 and metastatic lymph nodes than in nontumor bladder and uninvolved lymph nodes (P < 0.0001). Amounts of @entity3547 and @entity33760 protein, and ROCK protein expression correlated positively with one another (P < 0.0001). High @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK expression were related to poor @entity5 differentiation (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively), muscle invasion (P < 0.001), and lymph node @entity3 (P < 0.05). Kaplan-Meier plots linked high @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK protein expression to shortened disease-free and overall survival (P < 0.0001). By univariate analysis, high @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK protein expression predicted shortened disease-free and overall survival (P < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, only @entity33760 was independently influenced in disease-free survival (P < 0.05), and @entity3547 and @entity33760 in overall survival (P < 0.001). In contrast, @entity16505 expression was inversely related to the grade and stage (P < 0.05), and its higher expression is associated with better overall survival (P < 0.05). In superficial @entity5 (Ta or T1; 63 @entity1 ), @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK were unrelated with recurrence-free survival. Overall survival in @entity5 invading muscle (T2 to T4; 44 @entity1 ) was significantly influenced by @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK in a Kaplan-Meier analysis (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.01, respectively). Whereas @entity3547 , @entity33760 , and ROCK independently predicted shortened overall survival in @entity1 with invasive @entity5 by univariate analysis (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P < 0.01, respectively), only @entity33760 did so by multivariate analysis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Rho/ROCK pathway apparently involved in occurrence and progression of @entity150 may be valuable prognostic markers.

title: Significant association of Rho/ROCK pathway with invasion and XXXX of @entity150 .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5115 ( @entity5115 ), an inherited @entity74 , is a severe @entity294 of infancy which is clinically characterized by absence of @entity32 and presence of intestinal villous atrophy. Mutations in the @entity5960 gene were identified to cause @entity5115 . Recent cases of @entity5115 harboring the @entity72911 (19q13.2) mutation were described. METHODS: Four @entity5115 Italian @entity1 were clinically and immunohistochemically characterized. Direct DNA sequencing of @entity5960 and @entity72911 genes was performed. RESULTS: All @entity1 were of Italian origin. Three different mutations were detected (p.Asp219Metfs*15, @entity72912 *6 and @entity72913 ) in the @entity5960 gene; one of them is novel ( @entity72913 ). Two @entity1 (P1 and P2) showed compound heterozygosity revealing two mutations in separate alleles. A third @entity1 (P3) was heterozygous for only one novel @entity5960 missense mutation ( @entity72913 ). In a syndromic @entity1 (P4), no deleterious @entity5960 mutation was found. Additional @entity72911 mutational analysis was performed. P4 showed a homozygous @entity72911 mutation ( @entity72914 ). No @entity72911 mutation was found in P3. @entity17291 was also evaluated as a candidate gene by mutational screening in P3 but no mutation was identified. CONCLUSION: This study presented a molecular characterization of @entity5115 Italian @entity1 , and identified three mutations in the @entity5960 gene and one in the @entity72911 gene. One of @entity5960 mutations was novel, therefore increasing the mutational spectrum of allelic variants of the @entity5960 gene. Molecular analysis of the @entity72911 gene also allowed us to identify a @entity72911 substitution mutation ( @entity72915 ) recently found to be associated with syndromic @entity5115 subjects.

title: Genetic analysis of Italian @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['CTE', 'Congenital tufting enteropathy', 'syndromic tufting enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity72913 :: ('p|SUB|I|146|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Ile146Asn']

entities_list: @entity72912 :: ('p|SUB|Y|186|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Tyr186Phefs']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive rare disease']

answer: @entity5115 :: (MESH:C567703,Disease) :: ['congenital tufting enteropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5115 ( @entity5115 ), an inherited @entity74 , is a severe @entity294 of infancy which is clinically characterized by absence of @entity32 and presence of intestinal villous atrophy. Mutations in the @entity5960 gene were identified to cause @entity5115 . Recent cases of @entity5115 harboring the @entity72911 (19q13.2) mutation were described. METHODS: Four @entity5115 Italian @entity1 were clinically and immunohistochemically characterized. Direct DNA sequencing of @entity5960 and @entity72911 genes was performed. RESULTS: All @entity1 were of Italian origin. Three different mutations were detected (p.Asp219Metfs*15, @entity72912 *6 and @entity72913 ) in the @entity5960 gene; one of them is novel ( @entity72913 ). Two @entity1 (P1 and P2) showed compound heterozygosity revealing two mutations in separate alleles. A third @entity1 (P3) was heterozygous for only one novel @entity5960 missense mutation ( @entity72913 ). In a syndromic @entity1 (P4), no deleterious @entity5960 mutation was found. Additional @entity72911 mutational analysis was performed. P4 showed a homozygous @entity72911 mutation ( @entity72914 ). No @entity72911 mutation was found in P3. @entity17291 was also evaluated as a candidate gene by mutational screening in P3 but no mutation was identified. CONCLUSION: This study presented a molecular characterization of @entity5115 Italian @entity1 , and identified three mutations in the @entity5960 gene and one in the @entity72911 gene. One of @entity5960 mutations was novel, therefore increasing the mutational spectrum of allelic variants of the @entity5960 gene. Molecular analysis of the @entity72911 gene also allowed us to identify a @entity72911 substitution mutation ( @entity72915 ) recently found to be associated with syndromic @entity5115 subjects.

title: Genetic analysis of Italian XXXX with @entity5115 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Increased plasma levels of @entity4938 , a platelet activation marker, are observed in @entity453 . Urinary albumin excretion, a marker of endothelial cell perturbation, is related to @entity65 in @entity6 . To test the value of these markers in predicting forthcoming @entity301 , the relations between urinary excretions of high molecular weight @entity4938 (HMW-beta TGf) and albumin and subsequent @entity301 in a cohort of 15,484 middle-aged @entity1 were investigated in a nested case-control study. Baseline questionnaire data and urine samples were available from a @entity0 screening program in Utrecht during 1982-1985. Cases were Utrecht hospital admissions for @entity583 (n = 50) or angiographically confirmed @entity301 (n = 28) from 1982-1985 to 1990-1991. Classifying events occurred a median of 5.1 years after baseline. Controls were a random sample from the cohort, individually case matched for baseline examination date and age, at a 1:2 ratio. HMW-beta TG/ @entity1011 ratios (ng/mmol, mean +/- standard error) were 5.3 +/- 0.3 in cases and 4.7 +/- 0.3 in controls; albumin/ @entity1011 ratios (mg/mmol, median) were, respectively, 0.37 and 0.22. Crude odds ratios for classification in the highest compared with the lowest tertiles of HMW-beta TG/ @entity1011 and albumin/ @entity1011 distributions were elevated for cases compared with controls: HMW-beta TG/ @entity1011 odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.0; albumin/ @entity1011 odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.0-4.1. These relations persisted after adjustment for smoking, @entity101 , Quetelet index, and menopausal status. Both urinary HMW-beta TG and albumin excretion are markers of @entity301 risk in middle-aged @entity1 , indicating that increased platelet activation and endothelial cell perturbation precede @entity301 events in @entity1 .

title: Urinary excretions of high molecular weight @entity4938 and albumin are independently associated with XXXX in @entity1 , a nested case-control study of middle-aged @entity1 in the Diagnostisch Onderzoek Mammacarcinoom (DOM) Cohort, Utrecht, Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity4938 :: ('5473', 'Gene') :: ['beta-thromboglobulin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: Increased plasma levels of @entity4938 , a platelet activation marker, are observed in @entity453 . Urinary albumin excretion, a marker of endothelial cell perturbation, is related to @entity65 in @entity6 . To test the value of these markers in predicting forthcoming @entity301 , the relations between urinary excretions of high molecular weight @entity4938 (HMW-beta TGf) and albumin and subsequent @entity301 in a cohort of 15,484 middle-aged @entity1 were investigated in a nested case-control study. Baseline questionnaire data and urine samples were available from a @entity0 screening program in Utrecht during 1982-1985. Cases were Utrecht hospital admissions for @entity583 (n = 50) or angiographically confirmed @entity301 (n = 28) from 1982-1985 to 1990-1991. Classifying events occurred a median of 5.1 years after baseline. Controls were a random sample from the cohort, individually case matched for baseline examination date and age, at a 1:2 ratio. HMW-beta TG/ @entity1011 ratios (ng/mmol, mean +/- standard error) were 5.3 +/- 0.3 in cases and 4.7 +/- 0.3 in controls; albumin/ @entity1011 ratios (mg/mmol, median) were, respectively, 0.37 and 0.22. Crude odds ratios for classification in the highest compared with the lowest tertiles of HMW-beta TG/ @entity1011 and albumin/ @entity1011 distributions were elevated for cases compared with controls: HMW-beta TG/ @entity1011 odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.0; albumin/ @entity1011 odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.0-4.1. These relations persisted after adjustment for smoking, @entity101 , Quetelet index, and menopausal status. Both urinary HMW-beta TG and albumin excretion are markers of @entity301 risk in middle-aged @entity1 , indicating that increased platelet activation and endothelial cell perturbation precede @entity301 events in @entity1 .

title: Urinary excretions of high molecular weight XXXX and albumin are independently associated with @entity301 in @entity1 , a nested case-control study of middle-aged @entity1 in the Diagnostisch Onderzoek Mammacarcinoom (DOM) Cohort, Utrecht, Netherlands.

answer: @entity4938 :: (5473,Gene) :: ['beta-thromboglobulin']


abstract: Increased plasma levels of @entity4938 , a platelet activation marker, are observed in @entity453 . Urinary albumin excretion, a marker of endothelial cell perturbation, is related to @entity65 in @entity6 . To test the value of these markers in predicting forthcoming @entity301 , the relations between urinary excretions of high molecular weight @entity4938 (HMW-beta TGf) and albumin and subsequent @entity301 in a cohort of 15,484 middle-aged @entity1 were investigated in a nested case-control study. Baseline questionnaire data and urine samples were available from a @entity0 screening program in Utrecht during 1982-1985. Cases were Utrecht hospital admissions for @entity583 (n = 50) or angiographically confirmed @entity301 (n = 28) from 1982-1985 to 1990-1991. Classifying events occurred a median of 5.1 years after baseline. Controls were a random sample from the cohort, individually case matched for baseline examination date and age, at a 1:2 ratio. HMW-beta TG/ @entity1011 ratios (ng/mmol, mean +/- standard error) were 5.3 +/- 0.3 in cases and 4.7 +/- 0.3 in controls; albumin/ @entity1011 ratios (mg/mmol, median) were, respectively, 0.37 and 0.22. Crude odds ratios for classification in the highest compared with the lowest tertiles of HMW-beta TG/ @entity1011 and albumin/ @entity1011 distributions were elevated for cases compared with controls: HMW-beta TG/ @entity1011 odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.0; albumin/ @entity1011 odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.0-4.1. These relations persisted after adjustment for smoking, @entity101 , Quetelet index, and menopausal status. Both urinary HMW-beta TG and albumin excretion are markers of @entity301 risk in middle-aged @entity1 , indicating that increased platelet activation and endothelial cell perturbation precede @entity301 events in @entity1 .

title: Urinary excretions of high molecular weight @entity4938 and albumin are independently associated with @entity301 in XXXX , a nested case-control study of middle-aged @entity1 in the Diagnostisch Onderzoek Mammacarcinoom (DOM) Cohort, Utrecht, Netherlands.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Increased plasma levels of @entity4938 , a platelet activation marker, are observed in @entity453 . Urinary albumin excretion, a marker of endothelial cell perturbation, is related to @entity65 in @entity6 . To test the value of these markers in predicting forthcoming @entity301 , the relations between urinary excretions of high molecular weight @entity4938 (HMW-beta TGf) and albumin and subsequent @entity301 in a cohort of 15,484 middle-aged @entity1 were investigated in a nested case-control study. Baseline questionnaire data and urine samples were available from a @entity0 screening program in Utrecht during 1982-1985. Cases were Utrecht hospital admissions for @entity583 (n = 50) or angiographically confirmed @entity301 (n = 28) from 1982-1985 to 1990-1991. Classifying events occurred a median of 5.1 years after baseline. Controls were a random sample from the cohort, individually case matched for baseline examination date and age, at a 1:2 ratio. HMW-beta TG/ @entity1011 ratios (ng/mmol, mean +/- standard error) were 5.3 +/- 0.3 in cases and 4.7 +/- 0.3 in controls; albumin/ @entity1011 ratios (mg/mmol, median) were, respectively, 0.37 and 0.22. Crude odds ratios for classification in the highest compared with the lowest tertiles of HMW-beta TG/ @entity1011 and albumin/ @entity1011 distributions were elevated for cases compared with controls: HMW-beta TG/ @entity1011 odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.0; albumin/ @entity1011 odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.0-4.1. These relations persisted after adjustment for smoking, @entity101 , Quetelet index, and menopausal status. Both urinary HMW-beta TG and albumin excretion are markers of @entity301 risk in middle-aged @entity1 , indicating that increased platelet activation and endothelial cell perturbation precede @entity301 events in @entity1 .

title: Urinary excretions of high molecular weight @entity4938 and albumin are independently associated with @entity301 in @entity1 , a nested case-control study of middle-aged XXXX in the Diagnostisch Onderzoek Mammacarcinoom (DOM) Cohort, Utrecht, Netherlands.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7142 is a novel @entity10998 with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The SECURE trial assessed efficacy and safety of @entity7142 versus @entity18111 in @entity1 with @entity3 . METHODS: This was a phase 3, double-blind, global multicentre, comparative-group study. @entity1 with suspected @entity3 were randomised in a 1:1 ratio using an interactive voice-web response system, stratified by geographical region, allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, and active @entity5 at baseline, to receive @entity7142 372 mg (prodrug; equivalent to 200 mg @entity7142 ; intravenously three times a day on days 1 and 2, then either intravenously or orally once daily) or @entity18111 (6 mg/kg intravenously twice daily on day 1, 4 mg/kg intravenously twice daily on day 2, then intravenously 4 mg/kg twice daily or orally 200 mg twice daily from day 3 onwards). We tested non-inferiority of the primary efficacy endpoint of all-cause mortality from first dose of study drug to day 42 in @entity1 who received at least one dose of the study drug (intention-to-treat [ITT] population) using a 10% non-inferiority margin. Safety was assessed in @entity1 who received the first dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00412893. FINDINGS: 527 adult @entity1 were randomly assigned (258 received study medication per group) between March 7, 2007, and March 28, 2013. All-cause mortality from first dose of study drug to day 42 for the ITT population was 19% with @entity7142 (48 @entity1 ) and 20% with @entity18111 (52 @entity1 ), with an adjusted treatment difference of -1  0% (95% CI -7  8 to 5  7). Because the upper bound of the 95% CI (5  7%) did not exceed 10%, non-inferiority was shown. Most @entity1 (247 [96%] receiving @entity7142 and 255 [98%] receiving @entity18111 ) had treatment-emergent adverse events (p=0  122); the most common were @entity344 (174 [68%] vs 180 [69%]) and @entity281 (152 [59%] vs 158 [61%]). Proportions of @entity1 with treatment-emergent adverse events by system organ class were similar overall. However, @entity7142 -treated @entity1 had a lower frequency of @entity74 (23 [9%] vs 42 [16%]; p=0  016), @entity735 (39 [15%] vs 69 [27%]; p=0  002), and skin or subcutaneous tissue disorders (86 [33%] vs 110 [42%]; p=0  037). Drug-related adverse events were reported in 109 (42%) @entity1 receiving @entity7142 and 155 (60%) receiving @entity18111 (p<0  001). INTERPRETATION: @entity7142 was non-inferior to @entity18111 for the primary treatment of suspected @entity3 . @entity7142 was well tolerated compared with @entity18111 , with fewer study-drug-related adverse events. Our results support the use of @entity7142 for the primary treatment of @entity1 with @entity3 . FUNDING: Astellas Pharma Global Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International.

title: XXXX versus @entity18111 for primary treatment of @entity3 caused by Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi (SECURE): a phase 3, randomised-controlled, non-inferiority trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections and infestations']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eye disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary disorders']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive mould disease']

entities_list: @entity18111 :: ('MESH:D065819', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity7142 :: ('MESH:C508735', 'Chemical') :: ['Isavuconazole', 'isavuconazonium sulfate', 'isavuconazole']

answer: @entity7142 :: (MESH:C508735,Chemical) :: ['Isavuconazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7142 is a novel @entity10998 with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The SECURE trial assessed efficacy and safety of @entity7142 versus @entity18111 in @entity1 with @entity3 . METHODS: This was a phase 3, double-blind, global multicentre, comparative-group study. @entity1 with suspected @entity3 were randomised in a 1:1 ratio using an interactive voice-web response system, stratified by geographical region, allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, and active @entity5 at baseline, to receive @entity7142 372 mg (prodrug; equivalent to 200 mg @entity7142 ; intravenously three times a day on days 1 and 2, then either intravenously or orally once daily) or @entity18111 (6 mg/kg intravenously twice daily on day 1, 4 mg/kg intravenously twice daily on day 2, then intravenously 4 mg/kg twice daily or orally 200 mg twice daily from day 3 onwards). We tested non-inferiority of the primary efficacy endpoint of all-cause mortality from first dose of study drug to day 42 in @entity1 who received at least one dose of the study drug (intention-to-treat [ITT] population) using a 10% non-inferiority margin. Safety was assessed in @entity1 who received the first dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00412893. FINDINGS: 527 adult @entity1 were randomly assigned (258 received study medication per group) between March 7, 2007, and March 28, 2013. All-cause mortality from first dose of study drug to day 42 for the ITT population was 19% with @entity7142 (48 @entity1 ) and 20% with @entity18111 (52 @entity1 ), with an adjusted treatment difference of -1  0% (95% CI -7  8 to 5  7). Because the upper bound of the 95% CI (5  7%) did not exceed 10%, non-inferiority was shown. Most @entity1 (247 [96%] receiving @entity7142 and 255 [98%] receiving @entity18111 ) had treatment-emergent adverse events (p=0  122); the most common were @entity344 (174 [68%] vs 180 [69%]) and @entity281 (152 [59%] vs 158 [61%]). Proportions of @entity1 with treatment-emergent adverse events by system organ class were similar overall. However, @entity7142 -treated @entity1 had a lower frequency of @entity74 (23 [9%] vs 42 [16%]; p=0  016), @entity735 (39 [15%] vs 69 [27%]; p=0  002), and skin or subcutaneous tissue disorders (86 [33%] vs 110 [42%]; p=0  037). Drug-related adverse events were reported in 109 (42%) @entity1 receiving @entity7142 and 155 (60%) receiving @entity18111 (p<0  001). INTERPRETATION: @entity7142 was non-inferior to @entity18111 for the primary treatment of suspected @entity3 . @entity7142 was well tolerated compared with @entity18111 , with fewer study-drug-related adverse events. Our results support the use of @entity7142 for the primary treatment of @entity1 with @entity3 . FUNDING: Astellas Pharma Global Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International.

title: @entity7142 versus @entity18111 for primary treatment of XXXX caused by Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi (SECURE): a phase 3, randomised-controlled, non-inferiority trial.

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive mould disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7142 is a novel @entity10998 with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. The SECURE trial assessed efficacy and safety of @entity7142 versus @entity18111 in @entity1 with @entity3 . METHODS: This was a phase 3, double-blind, global multicentre, comparative-group study. @entity1 with suspected @entity3 were randomised in a 1:1 ratio using an interactive voice-web response system, stratified by geographical region, allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, and active @entity5 at baseline, to receive @entity7142 372 mg (prodrug; equivalent to 200 mg @entity7142 ; intravenously three times a day on days 1 and 2, then either intravenously or orally once daily) or @entity18111 (6 mg/kg intravenously twice daily on day 1, 4 mg/kg intravenously twice daily on day 2, then intravenously 4 mg/kg twice daily or orally 200 mg twice daily from day 3 onwards). We tested non-inferiority of the primary efficacy endpoint of all-cause mortality from first dose of study drug to day 42 in @entity1 who received at least one dose of the study drug (intention-to-treat [ITT] population) using a 10% non-inferiority margin. Safety was assessed in @entity1 who received the first dose of study drug. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00412893. FINDINGS: 527 adult @entity1 were randomly assigned (258 received study medication per group) between March 7, 2007, and March 28, 2013. All-cause mortality from first dose of study drug to day 42 for the ITT population was 19% with @entity7142 (48 @entity1 ) and 20% with @entity18111 (52 @entity1 ), with an adjusted treatment difference of -1  0% (95% CI -7  8 to 5  7). Because the upper bound of the 95% CI (5  7%) did not exceed 10%, non-inferiority was shown. Most @entity1 (247 [96%] receiving @entity7142 and 255 [98%] receiving @entity18111 ) had treatment-emergent adverse events (p=0  122); the most common were @entity344 (174 [68%] vs 180 [69%]) and @entity281 (152 [59%] vs 158 [61%]). Proportions of @entity1 with treatment-emergent adverse events by system organ class were similar overall. However, @entity7142 -treated @entity1 had a lower frequency of @entity74 (23 [9%] vs 42 [16%]; p=0  016), @entity735 (39 [15%] vs 69 [27%]; p=0  002), and skin or subcutaneous tissue disorders (86 [33%] vs 110 [42%]; p=0  037). Drug-related adverse events were reported in 109 (42%) @entity1 receiving @entity7142 and 155 (60%) receiving @entity18111 (p<0  001). INTERPRETATION: @entity7142 was non-inferior to @entity18111 for the primary treatment of suspected @entity3 . @entity7142 was well tolerated compared with @entity18111 , with fewer study-drug-related adverse events. Our results support the use of @entity7142 for the primary treatment of @entity1 with @entity3 . FUNDING: Astellas Pharma Global Development, Basilea Pharmaceutica International.

title: @entity7142 versus XXXX for primary treatment of @entity3 caused by Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi (SECURE): a phase 3, randomised-controlled, non-inferiority trial.

answer: @entity18111 :: (MESH:D065819,Chemical) :: ['voriconazole']


abstract: Motile cilia and flagella exhibit many waveforms as outputs of dynein activation sequences on the highly conserved axoneme. Motility change of sperm in the reproductive tract is difficult to study and remains an important area of investigation. Sperm typically execute a sinusoidal waveform. Increased viscosity in the medium induces somewhat unusual arc-line and helical waveforms in some sperm. However, whether the latter two waveforms occur in vivo is not known. Using green fluorescence protein imaging, we show that @entity238 sperm in the uterus move in circular foci via arc-line waves, predominantly in a tail-leading orientation. From the uterus, a small fraction of the sperm enters the seminal receptacle (SR) in parallel formations. After sperm storage and coincident with fertilization of the egg, the sperm exit the SR via head-leading helical waves. Consistent with the observed bidirectional movements, the sperm show the ability to propagate both base-to-tip and tip-to-base flagellar waves. Numerous studies have shown that sperm motility is regulated by intraflagellar @entity460 concentrations; in particular, the @entity72916 @entity460 channel has been shown to affect sperm storage. Our analyses here suggest that @entity72916 is required for the sperm to adopt the correct waveform and movement orientation during SR entry. A working model for the sperm's SR entry movement is proposed.

title: XXXX sperm motility in the reproductive tract.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity24845 ((P)RR) contributes to the regulation of the tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the function of V-ATPase, which are essential for Wnt signaling. Thus, (P)RRs may be involved in the control both of feto-placental and maternal circulation during pregnancy. This study was conducted to clarify how placental (P)RR expression and plasma soluble (P)RR [s(P)RR] levels are associated with blood pressure elevations and renal function during pregnancy. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study, conducted at Saitama medical center in 2010-2013. Preeclamptic @entity1 (n  =  16) diagnosed according to the criteria of Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and normotensive pregnant @entity1 (n  =  15) participated in the study. We measured the expression of (P)RR in the placenta, plasma s(P)RR levels, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). RESULTS: Placental expression of (P)RR was significantly higher in preeclamptic @entity1 than in normotensive pregnant @entity1 . The plasma s(P)RR levels were significantly higher in preeclamptic @entity1 than in normotensive pregnant @entity1 . Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was positively correlated with placental (P)RR levels (P  =  0.0001) and plasma s(P)RR levels (P  =  0.005) in all pregnant @entity1 . In preeclamptic @entity1 , SBP was positively correlated with placental (P)RR levels (P  =  0.004), but not with plasma s(P)RR levels (P  =  0.15). The eGFR was negatively correlated with placental (P)RR levels (P  =  0.02) and plasma s(P)RR levels (P  =  0.0002) in all pregnant @entity1 . In preeclamptic @entity1 , eGFR was negatively correlated with plasma s(P)RR levels (P  =  0.006), but not with placental (P)RR levels (P  =  0.93). DISCUSSION: Placental (P)RR can be involved in blood pressure regulation via the tissue RAS. On the other hand, plasma s(P)RR may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity177 in @entity1468 .

title: Placental (pro)renin receptor expression and plasma soluble (pro)renin receptor levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity24845 :: ('10159', 'Gene') :: ['prorenin receptor']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decreased renal function']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: We investigated whether immunosuppressive therapy using @entity1667 (mPSL) with or without @entity205 (CsA) could benefit @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). Eligibility criteria for this study were a clinical diagnosis of @entity2590 with less than 5% blast in peripheral blood, less than 10% blast in bone marrow and advanced @entity1503 . Among 73 @entity1 with @entity2590 , 18 eligible and consecutive @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ), aged 48 to 87 years (median: 66.5 years) were assigned to receive mPSL pulse therapy (1,000 mg daily for 3 consecutive days, followed by tapering oral @entity617 ; n= 12) or mPSL pulse with CsA therapy (4 to 5 mg/kg administered twice daily; n= 6). Six of 18 @entity1 (33.3%; 3 of 10 @entity1 with @entity309 , 2 of 6 @entity1 with @entity7139 , 1 of 2 @entity1 with CMMoL) responded to immunosuppressive therapy. Four @entity1 responded to mPSL pulse alone, and two @entity1 responded to mPSL pulse with CsA. One of 6 @entity1 with @entity236 and 5 of 12 @entity1 with normocellular or @entity236 responded to immunosuppressive therapy. No @entity1 with @entity4018 responded to the therapy. The duration of response ranged from 4 to 59 months (median: 14 months). Although a significant difference was observed between responders and nonresponders in the survival rate ( P<0.05), no significant difference was found in clinical characteristics at entry between responders and nonresponders. In responders, mean hemoglobin levels were significantly increased ( P<0.01), and the required red cell transfusion dose was significantly reduced ( P<0.01). It is possible that immunosuppressive therapy might be effective for a certain subset of @entity1 with @entity2590 .

title: Immunosuppressive therapy for @entity2590 : efficacy of @entity1667 pulse therapy with or without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['hypercellular marrow', 'hypocellular bone marrow']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin A']


abstract: We investigated whether immunosuppressive therapy using @entity1667 (mPSL) with or without @entity205 (CsA) could benefit @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). Eligibility criteria for this study were a clinical diagnosis of @entity2590 with less than 5% blast in peripheral blood, less than 10% blast in bone marrow and advanced @entity1503 . Among 73 @entity1 with @entity2590 , 18 eligible and consecutive @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ), aged 48 to 87 years (median: 66.5 years) were assigned to receive mPSL pulse therapy (1,000 mg daily for 3 consecutive days, followed by tapering oral @entity617 ; n= 12) or mPSL pulse with CsA therapy (4 to 5 mg/kg administered twice daily; n= 6). Six of 18 @entity1 (33.3%; 3 of 10 @entity1 with @entity309 , 2 of 6 @entity1 with @entity7139 , 1 of 2 @entity1 with CMMoL) responded to immunosuppressive therapy. Four @entity1 responded to mPSL pulse alone, and two @entity1 responded to mPSL pulse with CsA. One of 6 @entity1 with @entity236 and 5 of 12 @entity1 with normocellular or @entity236 responded to immunosuppressive therapy. No @entity1 with @entity4018 responded to the therapy. The duration of response ranged from 4 to 59 months (median: 14 months). Although a significant difference was observed between responders and nonresponders in the survival rate ( P<0.05), no significant difference was found in clinical characteristics at entry between responders and nonresponders. In responders, mean hemoglobin levels were significantly increased ( P<0.01), and the required red cell transfusion dose was significantly reduced ( P<0.01). It is possible that immunosuppressive therapy might be effective for a certain subset of @entity1 with @entity2590 .

title: Immunosuppressive therapy for @entity2590 : efficacy of XXXX pulse therapy with or without @entity205 .

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: We investigated whether immunosuppressive therapy using @entity1667 (mPSL) with or without @entity205 (CsA) could benefit @entity1 with @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). Eligibility criteria for this study were a clinical diagnosis of @entity2590 with less than 5% blast in peripheral blood, less than 10% blast in bone marrow and advanced @entity1503 . Among 73 @entity1 with @entity2590 , 18 eligible and consecutive @entity1 (8 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ), aged 48 to 87 years (median: 66.5 years) were assigned to receive mPSL pulse therapy (1,000 mg daily for 3 consecutive days, followed by tapering oral @entity617 ; n= 12) or mPSL pulse with CsA therapy (4 to 5 mg/kg administered twice daily; n= 6). Six of 18 @entity1 (33.3%; 3 of 10 @entity1 with @entity309 , 2 of 6 @entity1 with @entity7139 , 1 of 2 @entity1 with CMMoL) responded to immunosuppressive therapy. Four @entity1 responded to mPSL pulse alone, and two @entity1 responded to mPSL pulse with CsA. One of 6 @entity1 with @entity236 and 5 of 12 @entity1 with normocellular or @entity236 responded to immunosuppressive therapy. No @entity1 with @entity4018 responded to the therapy. The duration of response ranged from 4 to 59 months (median: 14 months). Although a significant difference was observed between responders and nonresponders in the survival rate ( P<0.05), no significant difference was found in clinical characteristics at entry between responders and nonresponders. In responders, mean hemoglobin levels were significantly increased ( P<0.01), and the required red cell transfusion dose was significantly reduced ( P<0.01). It is possible that immunosuppressive therapy might be effective for a certain subset of @entity1 with @entity2590 .

title: Immunosuppressive therapy for XXXX : efficacy of @entity1667 pulse therapy with or without @entity205 .

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extrahepatic bile duct injuries remain severe complications during cholecystectomies and often require reconstruction by bilioenteric @entity254 (i.e., hepaticojejunostomy), which comes with further long-term complications (e.g., recurring @entity255 , @entity2835 ). In the case of inherent @entity2876 or during liver transplant, artificial or engineered bile ducts could allow novel surgical strategies without the need for hepaticojejunostomy. METHODS: We present data on the implantation of in vitro-generated neo-bile ducts in 5 @entity12526 . The neo-bile ducts were engineered through decellularization of allogeneic blood vessels and recellularization with autologous cholangiocytes. On postoperative days 0, 1, 7, and 14, blood samples were taken and analyzed ( @entity5906 aminotransferase, @entity3929 aminotransferase, @entity648 , alkaline phosphatase, @entity1011 , and leukocytes). Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was performed on postoperative day 14 on 1 @entity1707 . Fourteen days after implantation, the @entity1707 were sacrificed and the bile ducts were explanted. RESULTS: All @entity1707 survived the complete study period without severe complications. None of the @entity1707 showed signs of biliary leakage or @entity298 . The neo-bile ducts were infiltrated by neutrophils, and neoangiogenesis was observed around and into the implanted tissue. CONCLUSION: We present a novel strategy for extrahepatic bile duct replacement by implantation of an autologous neo-bile duct generated ex vivo. Whether the presented technique allows the long-term replacement of native bile ducts must be further evaluated.

title: Implantation of a Tissue-Engineered Neo-Bile Duct in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['secondary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['domestic pigs']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['ascending cholangitis']

answer: @entity12526 :: (9825,Species) :: ['Domestic Pigs']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of anti-tuberculous treatment in @entity1 with @entity1596 and either active @entity9178 ( @entity378 ) in a non-endemic community. METHODS: Retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity1596 , non-ocular evidence of latent or active @entity378 and no other identified cause of @entity1596 who underwent a 6-month course of standard anti-tuberculous chemotherapy. Response to treatment was assessed at 6 and 12 months after initiation of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 27 @entity1 were included of whom 59% were female. In all, 19 were Asian, 4 Caucasian, and 4 Black. More than half of @entity1 had a history of contact with another @entity1 treated for @entity378 . @entity32 resolved after chemotherapy in 70.3% of @entity1 , 18.5% had a change in the nature of their @entity32 and 11.1% had no benefit. CONCLUSIONS: There were no @entity1596 features characteristic of @entity378 and a wide range of manifestations was seen ranging from non-granulomatous anterior @entity1596 to occlusive @entity4816 . @entity378 is not endemic in the United Kingdom, therefore consideration of ethnicity, immigration, and history of @entity378 contact remain important to direct investigations. In a @entity1 with @entity1596 and @entity9178 , a full 6-month course of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy is recommended although it may not be curative of the @entity1596 .

title: Presumed tuberculous XXXX : diagnosis, management, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or latent tuberculosis', 'latent TB']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['uveitis', 'chronic uveitis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB uveitis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: Intractable @entity3119 and @entity308 cause tremendous suffering in those affected and in their families. The impaired ability to function of those affected imposes a heavy burden on society as a whole. Existing data suggest that lesion procedures offer benefit to a large proportion (ranging from about 35%-70%) of @entity1 with intractable @entity3119 and @entity308 . The literature also suggests that although serious long-term adverse events have occurred, these are relatively infrequent overall. Methodologic limitations of the earlier reports on any of these procedures were described previously in this article. The major academic centers conducting this work have since been obtaining systematic prospective data using modern assessment tools. Nevertheless, even with improved methodologies, more recent studies confront some remaining issues that have been difficult to overcome fully. First, the number of @entity1 who have received any one procedure has been relatively small, constraining statistical power. This limits the ability of researchers to enhance @entity1 selection based on clinical characteristics. This is important, because @entity1 with intractable @entity3119 and @entity308 referred for neurosurgery have high rates of comorbid Axis I diagnoses, @entity1314 , and @entity73 , which may have value in predicting response. Other features, such as age of onset, chronicity, and symptom subtypes, may be likewise useful. Another key factor in response may be postoperative management, which has varied most over time but also across @entity1 enrolled in trials. As noted previously, randomized controlled trials of neurosurgical treatment for intractable @entity146 have not been reported, although one has been proposed for gamma knife capsulotomy in intractable @entity3119 [23]. The development of deep brain stimulation has also made sham-controlled studies possible and also allows within- @entity1 designs to be considered. Bearing these problems in mind, the literature does provide important guidance on a number of key points, including approaches to referral, @entity1 selection, and the need for long-term prospective follow-up and postoperative management. Nevertheless, important gaps in knowledge remain in all these areas. Research is expected to narrow these gaps in a number of ways, including @entity1 selection, optimizing the procedures themselves, and understanding the mechanisms of therapeutic action. Neuroimaging studies will play a key role in achieving these aims (see the article by Rauch in this issue). So will cross-species translational research on the anatomy and physiology of the pathways implicated in the pathophysiology and response to treatment in these disorders. Future research in @entity146 neurosurgery must proceed cautiously. A recent editorial statement of the @entity3119 -DBS Collaborative Group [26] recommends a minimum set of standards for any multidisciplinary teams contemplating work in this domain. The rationale for those standards is found throughout this issue and is especially developed in the article by Fins. The need for safe and effective therapeutic options for @entity1 suffering with these severe illnesses is just as clear. The experience over the last several decades provides grounds for careful optimism that refined lesion procedures or reversible deep brain stimulation may relieve suffering and improve the lives of @entity1 with these devastating disorders.

title: Neurosurgery for intractable XXXX and @entity308 : critical issues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['functional impairments']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorders']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: Intractable @entity3119 and @entity308 cause tremendous suffering in those affected and in their families. The impaired ability to function of those affected imposes a heavy burden on society as a whole. Existing data suggest that lesion procedures offer benefit to a large proportion (ranging from about 35%-70%) of @entity1 with intractable @entity3119 and @entity308 . The literature also suggests that although serious long-term adverse events have occurred, these are relatively infrequent overall. Methodologic limitations of the earlier reports on any of these procedures were described previously in this article. The major academic centers conducting this work have since been obtaining systematic prospective data using modern assessment tools. Nevertheless, even with improved methodologies, more recent studies confront some remaining issues that have been difficult to overcome fully. First, the number of @entity1 who have received any one procedure has been relatively small, constraining statistical power. This limits the ability of researchers to enhance @entity1 selection based on clinical characteristics. This is important, because @entity1 with intractable @entity3119 and @entity308 referred for neurosurgery have high rates of comorbid Axis I diagnoses, @entity1314 , and @entity73 , which may have value in predicting response. Other features, such as age of onset, chronicity, and symptom subtypes, may be likewise useful. Another key factor in response may be postoperative management, which has varied most over time but also across @entity1 enrolled in trials. As noted previously, randomized controlled trials of neurosurgical treatment for intractable @entity146 have not been reported, although one has been proposed for gamma knife capsulotomy in intractable @entity3119 [23]. The development of deep brain stimulation has also made sham-controlled studies possible and also allows within- @entity1 designs to be considered. Bearing these problems in mind, the literature does provide important guidance on a number of key points, including approaches to referral, @entity1 selection, and the need for long-term prospective follow-up and postoperative management. Nevertheless, important gaps in knowledge remain in all these areas. Research is expected to narrow these gaps in a number of ways, including @entity1 selection, optimizing the procedures themselves, and understanding the mechanisms of therapeutic action. Neuroimaging studies will play a key role in achieving these aims (see the article by Rauch in this issue). So will cross-species translational research on the anatomy and physiology of the pathways implicated in the pathophysiology and response to treatment in these disorders. Future research in @entity146 neurosurgery must proceed cautiously. A recent editorial statement of the @entity3119 -DBS Collaborative Group [26] recommends a minimum set of standards for any multidisciplinary teams contemplating work in this domain. The rationale for those standards is found throughout this issue and is especially developed in the article by Fins. The need for safe and effective therapeutic options for @entity1 suffering with these severe illnesses is just as clear. The experience over the last several decades provides grounds for careful optimism that refined lesion procedures or reversible deep brain stimulation may relieve suffering and improve the lives of @entity1 with these devastating disorders.

title: Neurosurgery for intractable @entity3119 and XXXX : critical issues.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']