abstract: Exposure of @entity35 to elevated dietary salt following recovery from @entity810 ( @entity810 ) accelerates the transition to @entity740 ( @entity740 ), and is dependent on lymphocyte activity. Here we tested whether high salt diet triggers lymphocyte activation in @entity8 and @entity82 . Male @entity35 on a 0.4% salt diet were subjected to left unilateral @entity63 -reperfusion and allowed to recover for 5 weeks. This resulted in a mild elevation of @entity11264 (+) T cells relative to sham animals. Contralateral unilateral nephrectomy and elevated dietary salt (4%) for 4 extra weeks hastened @entity740 and @entity82 . @entity3457 cells were increased in the kidney threefold after 4 weeks of elevated dietary salt exposure relative to post- @entity810 @entity35 before salt feeding. The T cell subset was largely positive for @entity7940 , indicative of Th-17 cells. Because @entity1808 activity may influence lymphocyte activation, injured @entity35 were given the @entity1809 antagonist, @entity9886 , along with high salt diet. This significantly reduced the number of renal Th-17 cells to levels of sham @entity35 , and significantly reduced the salt-induced increase in @entity82 to about half. In vitro studies in @entity810 -primed @entity11264 (+) T cells indicated that @entity1808 and extracellular @entity1372 enhanced, and @entity9886 inhibited, @entity7940 expression. Thus, dietary salt modulates immune cell activity in postischemic recovering kidneys because of the activity of local RAS, suggesting the participation of these cells in @entity740 progression post- @entity810 .

title: Th-17 cell activation in response to high salt following XXXX is associated with progressive @entity82 and attenuated by @entity1809 antagonism.

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective The benefit of the use of some intraoral devices in arthrogenous @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) @entity1 is still unknown. This study assessed the effectiveness of the partial use of intraoral devices and counseling in the management of @entity1 with @entity890 ( @entity890 ) and @entity4841 . Materials and Methods A total of 60 @entity890 and @entity4841 @entity1 were randomly divided into three groups: group I (n=20) wore anterior repositioning occlusal splints (ARS); group II (n=20) wore the Nociceptive Trigeminal Inhibition Clenching Suppression System devices (NTI-tss); and group III (n=20) only received counseling for behavioral changes and self-care (the control group). The first two groups also received counseling. Follow-ups were performed after 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months. In these sessions, @entity1 were evaluated by means of a visual analogue scale, pressure @entity158 threshold (PPT) of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ), maximum range of motion and @entity1348 sounds. Possible adverse effects were also recorded, such as discomfort while using the device and occlusal changes. The results were analyzed with ANOVA, Tukey's and Fisher Exact Test, with a significance level of 5%. Results Groups I and II showed improvement in @entity158 intensity at the first follow-up. This progress was recorded only after 3 months in Group III. Group II showed an increased in joint sounds frequency. The PPT values, mandibular range of motion and the number of occlusal contacts did not change significantly. Conclusion The simultaneous use of intraoral devices (partial time) plus behavioral modifications seems to produce a more rapid @entity158 improvement in @entity1 with @entity158 @entity890 . The use of NTI-tss could increase @entity1348 sounds. Although intraoral devices with additional counseling should be considered for the management of @entity158 @entity890 , dentists should be aware of the possible side effects of the intraoral device's design.

title: Management of XXXX @entity1348 clicking with different intraoral devices and counseling: a controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['DDWR', 'disc displacement with reduction']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective The benefit of the use of some intraoral devices in arthrogenous @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) @entity1 is still unknown. This study assessed the effectiveness of the partial use of intraoral devices and counseling in the management of @entity1 with @entity890 ( @entity890 ) and @entity4841 . Materials and Methods A total of 60 @entity890 and @entity4841 @entity1 were randomly divided into three groups: group I (n=20) wore anterior repositioning occlusal splints (ARS); group II (n=20) wore the Nociceptive Trigeminal Inhibition Clenching Suppression System devices (NTI-tss); and group III (n=20) only received counseling for behavioral changes and self-care (the control group). The first two groups also received counseling. Follow-ups were performed after 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months. In these sessions, @entity1 were evaluated by means of a visual analogue scale, pressure @entity158 threshold (PPT) of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ), maximum range of motion and @entity1348 sounds. Possible adverse effects were also recorded, such as discomfort while using the device and occlusal changes. The results were analyzed with ANOVA, Tukey's and Fisher Exact Test, with a significance level of 5%. Results Groups I and II showed improvement in @entity158 intensity at the first follow-up. This progress was recorded only after 3 months in Group III. Group II showed an increased in joint sounds frequency. The PPT values, mandibular range of motion and the number of occlusal contacts did not change significantly. Conclusion The simultaneous use of intraoral devices (partial time) plus behavioral modifications seems to produce a more rapid @entity158 improvement in @entity1 with @entity158 @entity890 . The use of NTI-tss could increase @entity1348 sounds. Although intraoral devices with additional counseling should be considered for the management of @entity158 @entity890 , dentists should be aware of the possible side effects of the intraoral device's design.

title: Management of @entity158 XXXX clicking with different intraoral devices and counseling: a controlled study.

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prediction of @entity66 in clinically @entity263 is relevant for treatment planning of the disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of the percentage of positive biopsy cores to predict the chance of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 1787 @entity1 with @entity263 submitted to radical prostatectomy. The percentage of positive cores in prostate biopsy was correlated with the pathologic outcome of the surgical specimen. In the final analysis, a correlation was made between categorical ranges of positive cores (10% intervals) and the risk of extraprostatic extension and/or bladder neck invasion, seminal vesicles involvement or @entity3 to iliac lymph nodes. Student's t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: For each 10% of positive cores we observed a progressive higher prevalence of @entity66 . The risk of @entity5 beyond the prostate capsule for <10% positive biopsy cores was 7.4% and it increased to 76.2% at the category 90-100% positive cores. In @entity1 with Gleason grade 4 or 5, the risk of @entity5 prostate was higher than in those without any component 4 or 5. CONCLUSION: The percentage of positive cores in prostate biopsy can predict the risk of @entity5 outside the prostate. Our study shows that the percentage of positive prostate biopsy fragments helps predict the chance of @entity5 and may have a relevant role in the @entity1 's management.

title: Probability of @entity66 according to the percentage of positive biopsy cores in clinically XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extraprostatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'extraprostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prediction of @entity66 in clinically @entity263 is relevant for treatment planning of the disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of the percentage of positive biopsy cores to predict the chance of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 1787 @entity1 with @entity263 submitted to radical prostatectomy. The percentage of positive cores in prostate biopsy was correlated with the pathologic outcome of the surgical specimen. In the final analysis, a correlation was made between categorical ranges of positive cores (10% intervals) and the risk of extraprostatic extension and/or bladder neck invasion, seminal vesicles involvement or @entity3 to iliac lymph nodes. Student's t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: For each 10% of positive cores we observed a progressive higher prevalence of @entity66 . The risk of @entity5 beyond the prostate capsule for <10% positive biopsy cores was 7.4% and it increased to 76.2% at the category 90-100% positive cores. In @entity1 with Gleason grade 4 or 5, the risk of @entity5 prostate was higher than in those without any component 4 or 5. CONCLUSION: The percentage of positive cores in prostate biopsy can predict the risk of @entity5 outside the prostate. Our study shows that the percentage of positive prostate biopsy fragments helps predict the chance of @entity5 and may have a relevant role in the @entity1 's management.

title: Probability of XXXX according to the percentage of positive biopsy cores in clinically @entity263 .

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['extraprostatic disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Penile prostheses are subject to a continuous development and have gained better mechanical reliability and safety during the last decades. In this study, we aimed to investigate the outcomes and satisfaction rates of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) and semirigid penile prosthesis (SPP) implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2001 to June 2012, 257 @entity1 with @entity323 ( @entity323 ) underwent penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) at our institution. Of the 257 @entity1 , 118 underwent implantation of IPP and 139 underwent SPP implantation. The pre-operative and post-operative erectile status of the @entity1 were assessed by international index of erectile function (IIEF) questionnaire. The satisfaction of @entity1 and partners were evaluated by a telephone interview using the @entity323 inventory of treatment satisfaction (EDITS) questionnaire and EDITS partner survey. RESULTS: The overall major complication rate was higher in IPP group. PPI led to a significant improvement in IIEF scores in both groups. For IPP and SPP groups the average EDITS scores were 78  11and 57  8, respectively, and that for the partners were 72  10 and 49  7, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Although the IPP implantation have better satisfaction rates, the SPP implantation is still a viable treatment option in the surgical treatment of @entity323 because of low cost and high durability with acceptable satisfaction rates.

title: XXXX and partner outcome of inflatable and semi-rigid penile prosthesis in a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is an @entity99 that even occurs in noncirrhotic liver of males (any age) or females >=  50 years old, or associates focal atypical features. In this article, 2 unusual cases diagnosed in elderly cirrhotic @entity1 , unrelated to @entity230 , are presented. The first case was incidentally diagnosed in an 83-year-old female. During laparoscopic surgery for cholecystectomy, hemoperitoneum was installed and laparotomy was necessary to remove a 70-mm nodular encapsulated @entity99 that was microscopically composed by hepatocyte-like cells with clear cytoplasm, arranged in 1- to 2-cell-thick plates and intermingled with areas of @entity9429 , negative for @entity160 ( @entity160 ), @entity876 , and @entity5822 , with low Ki67 index and intact reticulin framework. The second case was incidentally diagnosed at ultrasound examination in a 66-year-old male. The surgical specimen was a 50-mm solid multinodular @entity5 that microscopically consisted of 3-cell-thick plates of hepatocyte-like cells with acinar, pseudoglandular, and trabecular architecture, intermingled with peliotic areas, without nuclear atypia and disintegrated reticulin framework. Both of the cases occurred in cirrhotic liver. The @entity5 cells were marked by @entity1325 , displayed a Ki67 index < 5% and were negative for @entity160 , @entity876 , and @entity5822 . No recurrences or any @entity74 occurred 6 months after surgery. In cirrhotic liver, @entity652 with @entity9429 that do not satisfy all the diagnosis criteria synthesized in the article should be considered AHNs and differential diagnosis includes @entity157 but also @entity4383 , regenerative nodules, and @entity9384 . This histological entity is not yet included in the WHO Classification list.

title: XXXX With Peliosis in Cirrhotic Liver Versus Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Trap.

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['aFP', 'alpha fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['other disorder']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical hepatocellular neoplasm', 'AHN', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-like hepatic tumor', 'hepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity9384 :: ('MESH:D016606', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic nodules']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Atypical Hepatocellular Neoplasm']


abstract: Subcutaneous and submuscular anterior ulnar nerve transposition have been widely used in @entity1 with @entity7769 . However, the reliable evidence in favor of 1 of 2 surgical options on clinical improvement remains controversial. To maximize the value of the available literature, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare subcutaneous versus submuscular anterior ulnar nerve transposition in @entity1 with @entity16 at the elbow. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized and observational studies that compared subcutaneous transposition with submuscular transposition of ulnar nerve for @entity7769 . The primary outcome was clinically relevant improvement in function compared to the baseline. Randomized and observational studies were separately analyzed with relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Two @entity23 ( @entity23 ) and 7 observational studies, involving 605 @entity1 , were included. Our meta-analysis suggested that no significant differences in the primary outcomes were observed between comparison groups, both in RCT (RR, 1.16; 95% CI 0.68-1.98; P = 0.60; I2= 81%) and observational studies (RR, 1.01; 95% CI 0.95-1.08; P = 0.69; I2 = 0%). These findings were also consistent with all subgroup analyses for observational studies. In the secondary outcomes, the incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in subcutaneous group than in submuscular group (RR, 0.54; 95% CI 0.33-0.87; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%), whereas subcutaneous transposition failed to reveal more superiority than submuscular transposition in static two-point discrimination ( @entity601 , 0.04; 95% CI -0.18-0.25; P = 0.74; I = 0%). The available evidence is not adequately powered to identify the best anterior ulnar nerve transposition technique for @entity7769 on the basis of clinical outcomes, that is, suggests that subcutaneous and submuscular anterior transposition might be equally effective in terms of postoperative clinical improvement. However, differences in clinical outcomes metrics should be noted, and these findings largely rely on the outcomes data from observational studies that are potentially subject to a high risk of selection bias. Therefore, more high-quality and adequately powered @entity23 with standardized clinical outcomes metrics are necessary for proper comparison of these techniques.

title: Subcutaneous Versus Submuscular Anterior Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve for XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity7769 :: (MESH:D020430,Disease) :: ['Cubital Tunnel Syndrome']


abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative intact @entity461 (IO-iPTH) in @entity1 with @entity3528 ( @entity2742 ). The cut-off for IO-iPTH monitoring remains unknown. This was a single-center retrospective review of 226 consecutive @entity1 (107 males and 119 females) who underwent parathyroidectomy for secondary @entity2742 between May 2010 and March 2014. The predetermined cut-off for IO-iPTH was a 70% IO-iPTH drop from baseline 10 minutes after total parathyroidectomy and thymectomy. We used <60 pg/mL iPTH value on postoperative day 1 (POD1) as an indicator of successful removal of parathyroid glands and reviewed the frequency of reoperation other than in autografted sites during the observation period. This study was based on the Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic accuracy compliant. The reoperation rate in @entity1 with >60 pg/mL iPTH value (POD1) was significantly higher than that in @entity1 with <60 pg/mL iPTH value (POD1), (13.0% versus 0.5% P = 0.003). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of >70% IO-iPTH drop were 97.5%, 52.2%, and 92.9%, respectively, this criterion was demonstrated to be beneficial in 26 @entity1 . In 5 @entity1 , <70% IO-iPTH drop was observed and further exploration enabled sufficient removal of parathyroid glands. In 21 @entity1 , although fewer than 4 parathyroid glands were removed after enough explorations, >70% IO-iPTH drop enabled termination of operations and iPTH value (POD1) was <60 pg/mL.An iPTH value of <60 pg/mL (POD1) was a good predictor for successful parathyroidectomy. A 70% IO-iPTH drop from the baseline was appropriate to determine sufficient @entity3243 during parathyroidectomy for @entity1 with secondary @entity2742 . [Corrected]

title: A Retrospective Study of the Impact of Intraoperative Intact @entity461 Monitoring During Total Parathyroidectomy for XXXX : STARD Study.

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid gland removal']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['Secondary Hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative intact @entity461 (IO-iPTH) in @entity1 with @entity3528 ( @entity2742 ). The cut-off for IO-iPTH monitoring remains unknown. This was a single-center retrospective review of 226 consecutive @entity1 (107 males and 119 females) who underwent parathyroidectomy for secondary @entity2742 between May 2010 and March 2014. The predetermined cut-off for IO-iPTH was a 70% IO-iPTH drop from baseline 10 minutes after total parathyroidectomy and thymectomy. We used <60 pg/mL iPTH value on postoperative day 1 (POD1) as an indicator of successful removal of parathyroid glands and reviewed the frequency of reoperation other than in autografted sites during the observation period. This study was based on the Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic accuracy compliant. The reoperation rate in @entity1 with >60 pg/mL iPTH value (POD1) was significantly higher than that in @entity1 with <60 pg/mL iPTH value (POD1), (13.0% versus 0.5% P = 0.003). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of >70% IO-iPTH drop were 97.5%, 52.2%, and 92.9%, respectively, this criterion was demonstrated to be beneficial in 26 @entity1 . In 5 @entity1 , <70% IO-iPTH drop was observed and further exploration enabled sufficient removal of parathyroid glands. In 21 @entity1 , although fewer than 4 parathyroid glands were removed after enough explorations, >70% IO-iPTH drop enabled termination of operations and iPTH value (POD1) was <60 pg/mL.An iPTH value of <60 pg/mL (POD1) was a good predictor for successful parathyroidectomy. A 70% IO-iPTH drop from the baseline was appropriate to determine sufficient @entity3243 during parathyroidectomy for @entity1 with secondary @entity2742 . [Corrected]

title: A Retrospective Study of the Impact of Intraoperative Intact XXXX Monitoring During Total Parathyroidectomy for @entity3528 : STARD Study.

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Gene) :: ['Parathyroid Hormone']


abstract: KEY POINTS: @entity1063 (NA)-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) provide NA to the forebrain and play important roles in regulating many brain functions. LC neurons are subject to tonic inhibition mediated by GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs) and that the extent of the effect varies with ambient @entity1246 levels. GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition can effectively tune the spontaneous firing rate (SFR) of LC neurons; it is developmentally regulated and is responsible for maintaining a constant SFR of LC neurons during development. In male, but not female @entity35 , chronic perinatal treatment with @entity837 , a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, results in downregulation of GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition of LC neurons that partially accounts for increased SFR in male, but not female, @entity35 receiving such treatment. Our results show that GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition could be an important player in the development of normal and abnormal behaviours/brain functions associated with the LC-NA system. ABSTRACT: @entity1063 (NA)-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) provide NA to the forebrain. Their activity is believed to be a key factor regulating the wakefulness/arousal level of the brain. In this study, we found that the activity of NA-releasing neurons in the LC (LC neurons) was subject to y-aminobutyric acid ( @entity1246 ) tonic inhibition through GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs), but not GABAA receptors. The intensity of GABAB R tonic inhibition was found to depend on ambient @entity1246 levels, as it was dramatically increased by blockade of @entity1246 reuptake. It also varied with the function of GABAB Rs. The GABAB R activity on LC neurons was found to increase with postnatal age up to postnatal days 8-10, resulting in increased tonic inhibition. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the spontaneous activity of LC neurons at different postnatal ages unless GABAB R tonic inhibition was blocked. These results show that, during postnatal development, there is a continuous increase in GABAB R tonic inhibition that maintains the activity of LC neurons at a proper level. In male, but not female, @entity35 , chronic perinatal treatment with @entity837 , a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, reduced GABAB R activity and tonic inhibition, which might result in the significantly higher spontaneous activity of LC neurons seen in these animals. In conclusion, our results show that GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition has a direct impact on the spontaneous activity of LC neurons and that the extent of the effect varies with ambient @entity1246 levels and functionality of GABAB R signalling.

title: GABAB receptor-mediated tonic inhibition regulates the spontaneous firing of locus coeruleus neurons in developing @entity35 and in XXXX -treated @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline']

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['citalopram']


abstract: KEY POINTS: @entity1063 (NA)-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) provide NA to the forebrain and play important roles in regulating many brain functions. LC neurons are subject to tonic inhibition mediated by GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs) and that the extent of the effect varies with ambient @entity1246 levels. GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition can effectively tune the spontaneous firing rate (SFR) of LC neurons; it is developmentally regulated and is responsible for maintaining a constant SFR of LC neurons during development. In male, but not female @entity35 , chronic perinatal treatment with @entity837 , a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, results in downregulation of GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition of LC neurons that partially accounts for increased SFR in male, but not female, @entity35 receiving such treatment. Our results show that GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition could be an important player in the development of normal and abnormal behaviours/brain functions associated with the LC-NA system. ABSTRACT: @entity1063 (NA)-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) provide NA to the forebrain. Their activity is believed to be a key factor regulating the wakefulness/arousal level of the brain. In this study, we found that the activity of NA-releasing neurons in the LC (LC neurons) was subject to y-aminobutyric acid ( @entity1246 ) tonic inhibition through GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs), but not GABAA receptors. The intensity of GABAB R tonic inhibition was found to depend on ambient @entity1246 levels, as it was dramatically increased by blockade of @entity1246 reuptake. It also varied with the function of GABAB Rs. The GABAB R activity on LC neurons was found to increase with postnatal age up to postnatal days 8-10, resulting in increased tonic inhibition. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the spontaneous activity of LC neurons at different postnatal ages unless GABAB R tonic inhibition was blocked. These results show that, during postnatal development, there is a continuous increase in GABAB R tonic inhibition that maintains the activity of LC neurons at a proper level. In male, but not female, @entity35 , chronic perinatal treatment with @entity837 , a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, reduced GABAB R activity and tonic inhibition, which might result in the significantly higher spontaneous activity of LC neurons seen in these animals. In conclusion, our results show that GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition has a direct impact on the spontaneous activity of LC neurons and that the extent of the effect varies with ambient @entity1246 levels and functionality of GABAB R signalling.

title: GABAB receptor-mediated tonic inhibition regulates the spontaneous firing of locus coeruleus neurons in developing XXXX and in @entity837 -treated @entity35 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: KEY POINTS: @entity1063 (NA)-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) provide NA to the forebrain and play important roles in regulating many brain functions. LC neurons are subject to tonic inhibition mediated by GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs) and that the extent of the effect varies with ambient @entity1246 levels. GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition can effectively tune the spontaneous firing rate (SFR) of LC neurons; it is developmentally regulated and is responsible for maintaining a constant SFR of LC neurons during development. In male, but not female @entity35 , chronic perinatal treatment with @entity837 , a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, results in downregulation of GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition of LC neurons that partially accounts for increased SFR in male, but not female, @entity35 receiving such treatment. Our results show that GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition could be an important player in the development of normal and abnormal behaviours/brain functions associated with the LC-NA system. ABSTRACT: @entity1063 (NA)-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) provide NA to the forebrain. Their activity is believed to be a key factor regulating the wakefulness/arousal level of the brain. In this study, we found that the activity of NA-releasing neurons in the LC (LC neurons) was subject to y-aminobutyric acid ( @entity1246 ) tonic inhibition through GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs), but not GABAA receptors. The intensity of GABAB R tonic inhibition was found to depend on ambient @entity1246 levels, as it was dramatically increased by blockade of @entity1246 reuptake. It also varied with the function of GABAB Rs. The GABAB R activity on LC neurons was found to increase with postnatal age up to postnatal days 8-10, resulting in increased tonic inhibition. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the spontaneous activity of LC neurons at different postnatal ages unless GABAB R tonic inhibition was blocked. These results show that, during postnatal development, there is a continuous increase in GABAB R tonic inhibition that maintains the activity of LC neurons at a proper level. In male, but not female, @entity35 , chronic perinatal treatment with @entity837 , a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, reduced GABAB R activity and tonic inhibition, which might result in the significantly higher spontaneous activity of LC neurons seen in these animals. In conclusion, our results show that GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition has a direct impact on the spontaneous activity of LC neurons and that the extent of the effect varies with ambient @entity1246 levels and functionality of GABAB R signalling.

title: GABAB receptor-mediated tonic inhibition regulates the spontaneous firing of locus coeruleus neurons in developing @entity35 and in @entity837 -treated XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to determine whether glucose-fructose (GF) ingestion, relative to @entity13897 , would alter performance, metabolism, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and @entity458 affect during prolonged running. On two occasions, 20 runners (14 @entity1 ) completed a 120-min submaximal run followed by a 4-mile time trial (TT). @entity1 consumed @entity13897 (G) or GF (1.2:1 ratio) beverages, which supplied       1.3   g/min of carbohydrate. Substrate use, blood lactate, @entity458 affect [ @entity2653 ( @entity2653 )], and @entity344 were measured. Differences between conditions were assessed using magnitude-based inferential statistics. @entity1 completed the TT 1.9% (-1.9; -4.2, 0.4) faster with GF, representing a likely benefit. @entity2653 ratings were possibly higher and GI symptoms were possibly-to-likely lower with GF during the submaximal period and TT. Effect sizes for @entity344 and @entity2653 ratings were relatively small (Cohen's d   =      0.2 to 0.4). GF resulted in possibly higher fat oxidation during the submaximal period. No clear differences in lactate were observed. In conclusion, GF ingestion - compared with @entity13897 - likely improves TT performance after 2   h of submaximal @entity344 and @entity458 affect are likely mechanisms. These results apply to runners consuming fluid at 500-600   mL/h and carbohydrate at 1.0-1.3   g/min during running at 60-70% VO2peak .

title: XXXX and endurance running performance relative to @entity13897 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13897 :: ('MESH:D018149', 'Disease') :: ['glucose-only']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['FS', 'Feeling Scale']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI distress', 'running, and GI distress']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Glucose-fructose likely improves gastrointestinal comfort']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to determine whether glucose-fructose (GF) ingestion, relative to @entity13897 , would alter performance, metabolism, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and @entity458 affect during prolonged running. On two occasions, 20 runners (14 @entity1 ) completed a 120-min submaximal run followed by a 4-mile time trial (TT). @entity1 consumed @entity13897 (G) or GF (1.2:1 ratio) beverages, which supplied       1.3   g/min of carbohydrate. Substrate use, blood lactate, @entity458 affect [ @entity2653 ( @entity2653 )], and @entity344 were measured. Differences between conditions were assessed using magnitude-based inferential statistics. @entity1 completed the TT 1.9% (-1.9; -4.2, 0.4) faster with GF, representing a likely benefit. @entity2653 ratings were possibly higher and GI symptoms were possibly-to-likely lower with GF during the submaximal period and TT. Effect sizes for @entity344 and @entity2653 ratings were relatively small (Cohen's d   =      0.2 to 0.4). GF resulted in possibly higher fat oxidation during the submaximal period. No clear differences in lactate were observed. In conclusion, GF ingestion - compared with @entity13897 - likely improves TT performance after 2   h of submaximal @entity344 and @entity458 affect are likely mechanisms. These results apply to runners consuming fluid at 500-600   mL/h and carbohydrate at 1.0-1.3   g/min during running at 60-70% VO2peak .

title: @entity344 and endurance running performance relative to XXXX .

answer: @entity13897 :: (MESH:D018149,Disease) :: ['glucose-only']


abstract: Background The association of genetic polymorphisms of @entity15461 gene with aging has not been thoroughly examined. Previous studies showed that longevity in the Uygurs was considerably greater than in Kazaks in Xinjiang. This study aimed to investigate the difference of renal function and @entity15461 gene polymorphisms between Kazak and Uygur normal populations in Xinjiang, China. Material and Methods A total of 249 Uygur and 386 Kazak clinically normal subjects were included in this study. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( @entity71454 , @entity71455 , @entity71456 , and @entity71457 ) of the @entity15461 gene were genotyped using the ABI SNaPshot method. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the Chinese simplified MDRD equation. Results There were significant differences between Kazak and Uygur healthy populations in both allele frequencies and genotype distributions in @entity71456 and @entity71457 (P<0.05, respectively). When the subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the genotypes of the @entity15461 gene polymorphism, in the GA+AA genotype distributions of the @entity71454 , the differences I serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate between the Kazak and Uygur groups were statistically significant (P<0.05, respectively). In CC genotype of @entity71455 , serum creatinine was significantly higher in Kazaks compared with Uygurs (P<0.05). In GG genotype of @entity71456 , serum creatinine was significantly higher in the Kazak group compared with the Uygur group (P<0.05), as well as in CG+CC genotype of @entity71456 (P<0.05). Serum creatinine was significantly higher in the Kazak group compared with the Uygur group in TT genotype of @entity71457 (P<0.05), as was GT+GG genotype of @entity71457 . Haplotype analysis indicated that the frequencies of ACGT, GTGT, and GCCG haplotypes were significantly different between Kazak and Uygur healthy populations (P=0.04, P=0.018, P=0.000, respectively). Conclusions Significant differences in @entity15461 gene @entity71456 and @entity71457 polymorphisms were found between the Uygur and Kazak populations.

title: Renal Function and XXXX Gene Polymorphisms among Uygur and Kazak Populations in Xinjiang, China.

answer: @entity15461 :: (9365,Gene) :: ['Klotho']


abstract: Vascular remodeling is closely related to @entity101 , @entity731 , and restenosis after PCI. Considerable evidence indicates that the activation and proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts play key roles in @entity130 . The inflammatory response and high expression of connexins contribute to adventitial remodeling. Therefore, reducing @entity32 reaction and connexins expression in adventitia may become a new target to prevent @entity6980 . Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula, composed of TCM therapeutic principle of supplementing qi, activating blood and detoxification, can inhibit restenosis after @entity130 . To further investigate the effect of Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula on @entity32 and connexins, we established a carotid @entity1317 model. In model @entity35 , @entity1373 in the intima was mild but obvious in the adventitia; CRP heightened; expressions of @entity4647 , @entity22519 , and @entity10277 increased. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula relieved intimal @entity1373 and adventitial area, obviously diminished the expressions of @entity22519 and @entity10277 in the adventitia, and reduced CRP but did not lower @entity4647 . These results indicated that Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula inhibited @entity6980 especially @entity1373 by reducing the @entity32 reaction including lowering macrophages infiltration and systemic nonspecific inflammatory response and also restraining gap junction connexins leading to less communication among cells. This study provides new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of @entity6980 .

title: Yiqihuoxuejiedu Formula Restrains Vascular Remodeling by Reducing the Inflammation Reaction and XXXX Expression in the Adventitia after @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia', 'adventitial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injury']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['intimal injury', 'vessel injury']

answer: @entity10277 :: (24392(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Cx43']


abstract: Vascular remodeling is closely related to @entity101 , @entity731 , and restenosis after PCI. Considerable evidence indicates that the activation and proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts play key roles in @entity130 . The inflammatory response and high expression of connexins contribute to adventitial remodeling. Therefore, reducing @entity32 reaction and connexins expression in adventitia may become a new target to prevent @entity6980 . Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula, composed of TCM therapeutic principle of supplementing qi, activating blood and detoxification, can inhibit restenosis after @entity130 . To further investigate the effect of Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula on @entity32 and connexins, we established a carotid @entity1317 model. In model @entity35 , @entity1373 in the intima was mild but obvious in the adventitia; CRP heightened; expressions of @entity4647 , @entity22519 , and @entity10277 increased. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula relieved intimal @entity1373 and adventitial area, obviously diminished the expressions of @entity22519 and @entity10277 in the adventitia, and reduced CRP but did not lower @entity4647 . These results indicated that Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula inhibited @entity6980 especially @entity1373 by reducing the @entity32 reaction including lowering macrophages infiltration and systemic nonspecific inflammatory response and also restraining gap junction connexins leading to less communication among cells. This study provides new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of @entity6980 .

title: Yiqihuoxuejiedu Formula Restrains Vascular Remodeling by Reducing the Inflammation Reaction and @entity10277 Expression in the Adventitia after XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Balloon Injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A major cause of @entity137 is the production of reactive oxygen species generated during ethanol metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of binge drinking-like alcohol exposure on a panel of genes implicated in oxidative mechanisms in adolescent and adult @entity19 . In adolescent animals, alcohol decreased the expression of genes involved in the repair and protection of oxidative DNA damage such as atr, @entity71458 , or @entity71459 and increased the expression of proapoptotic genes such as @entity185 . In contrast, in the adult brain, genes activated by alcohol were mainly associated with protective mechanisms that prevent cells from oxidative damage. Whatever the age, iterative binge-like episodes provoked the same deleterious effects as those observed after a single binge episode. In adolescent @entity19 , multiple binge ethanol exposure substantially reduced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and impaired short-term memory in the novel object and passive avoidance tests. Taken together, our results indicate that alcohol causes deleterious effects in the adolescent brain which are distinct from those observed in adults. These data contribute to explain the greater sensitivity of the adolescent brain to @entity137 . The effects of alcohol exposure were investigated on genes involved in oxidative mechanisms. In adolescent animals, alcohol decreased the expression of genes involved in DNA repair, a potential cause of the observed decrease of neurogenesis. In contrast, in the adult brain, alcohol increased the expression of genes associated with antioxidant mechanisms. Apoptosis was increase in all groups and converged with other biochemical alterations to enhance @entity73 in the adolescent brain. These data contribute to explain the greater sensitivity of the adolescent brain to @entity137 .

title: Comparison of the deleterious effects of binge drinking-like alcohol exposure in adolescent and adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['alcohol toxicity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['short-term memory impairment']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mental defeat has been implicated in precipitating suicide with effects not explained by @entity308 . It has also been found to be elevated in @entity1 who are most distressed and disabled by @entity1118 . This study examined the role of mental defeat in predicting suicide intent among @entity1118 @entity1 and compared the predictive value of mental defeat with other established @entity158 . METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1118 @entity1 attended a semistructured interview to assess @entity158 characteristics and suicidality (present and worst-ever) and completed self-report measures of @entity148 , @entity308 , hopelessness, self-efficacy, @entity158 catastrophizing, and mental defeat. RESULTS: A total of 22.6% of @entity1 reported a history of suicide attempt (1 attempt=12.9%; >= 2 attempts=9.7%). The wish to die was reportedly moderate to strong for 63.3% of those who attempted suicide. No significant correlations were found for hopelessness and self-efficacy with suicide intent in this sample. Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that @entity158 intensity was a significant predictor of worst-ever suicidal intent (R=0.11), and mental defeat significantly improved the prediction even when the effect of @entity158 intensity was accounted for (  R=0.12). @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity158 catastrophizing were significant correlates of suicide intent, but they did not add to the prediction of worst-ever suicide intent after the effect of @entity158 intensity was controlled for. DISCUSSION: Mental defeat may be a key indicator for heightened suicide risk. Therapeutic interventions targeting mental defeat offer a novel avenue for reducing suicide risk in @entity1118 @entity1 .

title: Mental Defeat Is Associated With Suicide Intent in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain and psychological constructs']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mental defeat has been implicated in precipitating suicide with effects not explained by @entity308 . It has also been found to be elevated in @entity1 who are most distressed and disabled by @entity1118 . This study examined the role of mental defeat in predicting suicide intent among @entity1118 @entity1 and compared the predictive value of mental defeat with other established @entity158 . METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1118 @entity1 attended a semistructured interview to assess @entity158 characteristics and suicidality (present and worst-ever) and completed self-report measures of @entity148 , @entity308 , hopelessness, self-efficacy, @entity158 catastrophizing, and mental defeat. RESULTS: A total of 22.6% of @entity1 reported a history of suicide attempt (1 attempt=12.9%; >= 2 attempts=9.7%). The wish to die was reportedly moderate to strong for 63.3% of those who attempted suicide. No significant correlations were found for hopelessness and self-efficacy with suicide intent in this sample. Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that @entity158 intensity was a significant predictor of worst-ever suicidal intent (R=0.11), and mental defeat significantly improved the prediction even when the effect of @entity158 intensity was accounted for (  R=0.12). @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity158 catastrophizing were significant correlates of suicide intent, but they did not add to the prediction of worst-ever suicide intent after the effect of @entity158 intensity was controlled for. DISCUSSION: Mental defeat may be a key indicator for heightened suicide risk. Therapeutic interventions targeting mental defeat offer a novel avenue for reducing suicide risk in @entity1118 @entity1 .

title: Mental Defeat Is Associated With Suicide Intent in XXXX With @entity1118 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Similar to conventional cryogen spray cooling, @entity544 ( @entity515 ) spray may be used in combination with laser cartilage reshaping (LCR) to produce cartilage shape change while minimizing cutaneous thermal injury. Recent ex vivo evaluation of LCR with @entity515 cooling in a @entity95 model has identified a promising initial parameter space for in vivo safety and efficacy evaluation. This pilot study aimed to evaluate shape change and @entity130 following LCR with @entity515 cooling in 5 live @entity95 . STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The midportion of live @entity95 ears were irradiated with a 1.45     m wavelength diode laser (12   J/cm(2) ) with simultaneous @entity515 spray cooling (85   millisecond duration, 4 alternating heating/cooling cycles per site, 5 to 6 irradiation sites per row for 3 rows per ear). Experimental and control ears (no LCR) were splinted in the flexed position for 30 days following exposure. A total of 5 ears each were allocated to the experimental and control groups. RESULTS: Shape change was observed in all irradiated ears (mean 70        3  ), which was statistically different from control (mean 37        11  , P   =   0.009). No significant thermal @entity130 was observed, with preservation of the full thickness of skin, microvasculature, and adnexal structures. Confocal microscopy and histology demonstrated an intact and viable chondrocyte population surrounding irradiated sites. CONCLUSIONS: LCR with @entity515 spray cooling can produce clinically significant shape change in the @entity95 auricle while minimizing thermal cutaneous and @entity130 and frostbite. This pilot study lends support for the potential use of @entity515 spray as an adjunct to existing thermal-based cartilage reshaping modalities. An in vivo systematic evaluation of optimal laser dosimetry and cooling parameters is required. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:791-795, 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: In vivo laser cartilage reshaping with @entity544 spray cooling in a XXXX ear model: A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous injury', 'cutaneous injury']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Similar to conventional cryogen spray cooling, @entity544 ( @entity515 ) spray may be used in combination with laser cartilage reshaping (LCR) to produce cartilage shape change while minimizing cutaneous thermal injury. Recent ex vivo evaluation of LCR with @entity515 cooling in a @entity95 model has identified a promising initial parameter space for in vivo safety and efficacy evaluation. This pilot study aimed to evaluate shape change and @entity130 following LCR with @entity515 cooling in 5 live @entity95 . STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The midportion of live @entity95 ears were irradiated with a 1.45     m wavelength diode laser (12   J/cm(2) ) with simultaneous @entity515 spray cooling (85   millisecond duration, 4 alternating heating/cooling cycles per site, 5 to 6 irradiation sites per row for 3 rows per ear). Experimental and control ears (no LCR) were splinted in the flexed position for 30 days following exposure. A total of 5 ears each were allocated to the experimental and control groups. RESULTS: Shape change was observed in all irradiated ears (mean 70        3  ), which was statistically different from control (mean 37        11  , P   =   0.009). No significant thermal @entity130 was observed, with preservation of the full thickness of skin, microvasculature, and adnexal structures. Confocal microscopy and histology demonstrated an intact and viable chondrocyte population surrounding irradiated sites. CONCLUSIONS: LCR with @entity515 spray cooling can produce clinically significant shape change in the @entity95 auricle while minimizing thermal cutaneous and @entity130 and frostbite. This pilot study lends support for the potential use of @entity515 spray as an adjunct to existing thermal-based cartilage reshaping modalities. An in vivo systematic evaluation of optimal laser dosimetry and cooling parameters is required. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:791-795, 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: In vivo laser cartilage reshaping with XXXX spray cooling in a @entity95 ear model: A pilot study.

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of distraction for reducing @entity1 distress during vaccinations in young @entity1 aged 0 to 3 years. DESIGN/METHODS: Database searches identified relevant randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Three separate clinical questions related to variants of the psychological strategy of distraction (directed video; directed toy; nondirected toy) were pursued. @entity147 was identified as the critical outcome to assess the benefits of distraction and extracted from relevant trials. @entity147 was analyzed by phase of procedure (distress preprocedure; distress acute; distress recovery; idiosyncratic phases based on some or all of the 3 aforementioned phases). RESULTS: Ten studies were included in the review. Significant results are presented herein. For directed video distraction, moderate quality evidence suggested that distress was lowered in the treatment group standardized mean difference ( @entity7126 -0.68 lower [95% confidence interval (CI), -1.04 to -0.32]) for the acute+recovery phase as well as the preprocedure phase ( @entity7126 -0.49 lower [95% CI, -7.6 to -0.22]). For directed toy distraction, the analysis of low-quality evidence for a combined preprocedure+acute+recovery phase of distress (analysis n=81), suggested that distress was lowered in the treatment group ( @entity7126 -0.47 lower [95% CI, -0.91 to -0.02]). An effect for nondirected toy distraction was also seen, analyzing very-low-quality evidence, for the acute distress phase (n=290; @entity7126 -0.93 lower [95% CI, -1.86 to 0.00]). CONCLUSION: Generally low-quality to very-low-quality evidence suggests that there may be an effect of directed (toy and video) and nondirected toy distraction for @entity1 aged 0 to 3 years, for certain phases of the vaccination.

title: Psychological Interventions for Vaccine Injections in Young XXXX 0 to 3 Years: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'children']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Distress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: During @entity295 , endothelial barrier dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular failure, mainly through the release of oxidative metabolites by penetrant leukocytes. We reported the non-muscular isoform of myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) playing a pivotal role in @entity130 associated with oxidative and nitrative stresses, and @entity455 . The present study was aimed at understanding the molecular mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular alterations as well as studying a probable functional association of nmMLCK with nuclear factor k-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Aortic rings from @entity19 were exposed in  vitro to LPS and, then, vascular reactivity was measured. @entity1 aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) were incubated with LPS, and interaction of nmMLCK with NF-kB was analysed. We provide evidence that nmMLCK deletion prevents @entity455 induced by in  vitro LPS treatment but not @entity409 in the aorta. Deletion of nmMLCK inhibits LPS-induced NF-kB activation and increases @entity842 (NO) release via induction of @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) within the vascular wall. Also, removal of endothelium prevented both NF-kB and @entity3623 expression in aortic rings. Among the proinflammatory factors released by LPS-treated endothelial cells, @entity650 accounts for the induction of @entity3623 on smooth muscle cells in response to LPS. Of particular interest is the demonstration that, in HAoECs, LPS-induced NF-kB activation occurs via increased @entity19077 activity sensitive to the @entity19077 inhibitor, @entity19102 , and physical interactions between nmMLCK and NF-kB. We report for the first time on NF-kB as a novel partner of nmMLCK within endothelial cells. The present study demonstrates a pivotal role of nmMLCK in vascular inflammatory pathologies.

title: Interaction in endothelium of non-muscular @entity19077 and the NF-kB pathway is critical to lipopolysaccharide-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular hyporeactivity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxin shock injury']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular hyporeactivity']


abstract: During @entity295 , endothelial barrier dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular failure, mainly through the release of oxidative metabolites by penetrant leukocytes. We reported the non-muscular isoform of myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) playing a pivotal role in @entity130 associated with oxidative and nitrative stresses, and @entity455 . The present study was aimed at understanding the molecular mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular alterations as well as studying a probable functional association of nmMLCK with nuclear factor k-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Aortic rings from @entity19 were exposed in  vitro to LPS and, then, vascular reactivity was measured. @entity1 aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) were incubated with LPS, and interaction of nmMLCK with NF-kB was analysed. We provide evidence that nmMLCK deletion prevents @entity455 induced by in  vitro LPS treatment but not @entity409 in the aorta. Deletion of nmMLCK inhibits LPS-induced NF-kB activation and increases @entity842 (NO) release via induction of @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) within the vascular wall. Also, removal of endothelium prevented both NF-kB and @entity3623 expression in aortic rings. Among the proinflammatory factors released by LPS-treated endothelial cells, @entity650 accounts for the induction of @entity3623 on smooth muscle cells in response to LPS. Of particular interest is the demonstration that, in HAoECs, LPS-induced NF-kB activation occurs via increased @entity19077 activity sensitive to the @entity19077 inhibitor, @entity19102 , and physical interactions between nmMLCK and NF-kB. We report for the first time on NF-kB as a novel partner of nmMLCK within endothelial cells. The present study demonstrates a pivotal role of nmMLCK in vascular inflammatory pathologies.

title: Interaction in endothelium of non-muscular XXXX and the NF-kB pathway is critical to lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity455 .

answer: @entity19077 :: (4638,Gene) :: ['myosin light-chain kinase']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study explores whether self-reported depth of hypnosis and hypnotic suggestibility are associated with individual differences in neuroanatomy and/or levels of functional connectivity. Twenty-nine @entity1 varying in suggestibility were recruited and underwent structural, and after a hypnotic induction, functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest. We used voxel-based morphometry to assess the correlation of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) and white matter (WM) against the independent variables: depth of hypnosis, level of relaxation and hypnotic suggestibility. Functional networks identified with independent components analysis were regressed with the independent variables. @entity92 ratings were positively correlated with @entity62 volume in the frontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Hypnotic suggestibility was positively correlated with @entity62 volume in the left temporal-occipital cortex. Relaxation ratings did not correlate significantly with @entity62 volume and none of the independent variables correlated with regional WM volume measures. Self-reported deeper levels of hypnosis were associated with less connectivity within the anterior default mode network. Taken together, the results suggest that the greater @entity62 volume in the medial frontal cortex and ACC, and lower connectivity in the DMN during hypnosis facilitate experiences of greater @entity92 . The patterns of results suggest that @entity92 and hypnotic suggestibility should not be considered synonyms.

title: Structural and functional correlates of XXXX and suggestibility.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['GM', 'grey matter']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['Hypnotic depth', 'hypnotic depth']

answer: @entity92 :: (MESH:D007222,Disease) :: ['hypnotic depth']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic treatments for @entity161 are @entity1017 and lipid metabolism abnormality. We aimed to identify the signs of metabolic problems with continuous atypical antipsychotic treatment for @entity161 over a 2-year period. METHODS: The @entity1 were 68 @entity161 @entity1 (29 males, 39 females; ages 53.4    13.5 years old). Changes in @entity1735 metabolism and changes in physical characteristics were studied over a 2-year period. In addition, functional single @entity4334 polymorphisms in the transcriptional regulatory region of the @entity13490 gene were examined. RESULTS: We found no changes in the mental state of the @entity1 over a 2-year period. @entity1 did show a significant decrease in total @entity165 and hemoglobin A1c levels, although physical changes such as body mass index and abdominal girth, were not observed. The amount of @entity13490 may not be associated with mental states and physical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: We could not find physical factors related to metabolic changes of antipsychotics in this 2-year study. However, several psychological factors, such as health-related thoughts and behaviors, should be studied in the future.

title: Metabolic status and @entity13490 in chronic XXXX over a 2-year period with continuous atypical antipsychotics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic treatments for @entity161 are @entity1017 and lipid metabolism abnormality. We aimed to identify the signs of metabolic problems with continuous atypical antipsychotic treatment for @entity161 over a 2-year period. METHODS: The @entity1 were 68 @entity161 @entity1 (29 males, 39 females; ages 53.4    13.5 years old). Changes in @entity1735 metabolism and changes in physical characteristics were studied over a 2-year period. In addition, functional single @entity4334 polymorphisms in the transcriptional regulatory region of the @entity13490 gene were examined. RESULTS: We found no changes in the mental state of the @entity1 over a 2-year period. @entity1 did show a significant decrease in total @entity165 and hemoglobin A1c levels, although physical changes such as body mass index and abdominal girth, were not observed. The amount of @entity13490 may not be associated with mental states and physical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: We could not find physical factors related to metabolic changes of antipsychotics in this 2-year study. However, several psychological factors, such as health-related thoughts and behaviors, should be studied in the future.

title: Metabolic status and XXXX in chronic @entity161 over a 2-year period with continuous atypical antipsychotics.

answer: @entity13490 :: (56729,Gene) :: ['resistin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16883 caused by Opisthorchis viverrini, is of considerable public health importance in Southeast Asia, particularly in @entity4602 @entity1 's Democratic Republic and Thailand. The @entity281 is associated with a number ofhepatobiliary diseases including @entity255 , @entity3883 , @entity382 , @entity2679 , @entity2963 and @entity201 . OBJECTIVE: This study aims to localize the expression sites of 0. viverrini tubulin using immunohistochemistry by monoclonal anti a-tubulin (MAaT) and anti b-tubulin (MAbT). MATERIAL AND METHOD: The adult worms of O. viverrini, and the adult worm of O. viverrini in biliary system of hamsters were fixed, cryo-sectioned and then immunohistochemically stained. The sections were incubated with MAaTor MAbT. A positive test required the observation of brown-staining in the fluke's organs. RESULTS: The immunohistochemistry of MAaT and MAbT in adult worms of O. viverrini, and the adult worm of O. viverrini in biliary system of hamsters strongly expresses in the sperm and seminal vesicles of the worm. MAaT and MAbT expressed slightly in sub-tegumental tissue, stromalparenchyma, muscle fibers, and miracidium in the mature egg of the worm. No staining in the spermatogonia, gut epithelium, immature egg, tegument or vitelline glands of the worm nor in the hamster bile duct epithelium was seen. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that O. viverrini tubulin is present in the reproductive organs and other important organs of the worm. Because it plays a key role in the biological processes of cellular motility and fertility it should be further studied in detail including the characterization, production of recombinant proteases, and their application in immunodiagnosis.

title: Localization of Tubulin from the Carcinogenic XXXX Liver Fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini.

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity16883 :: ('MESH:D009889', 'Disease') :: ['Opisthorchiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) is a surrogate markerfor @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and LDL-C/ HDL-C ratio is related to @entity1004 or carotid plaque. Evaluate early @entity731 markers whether elevated levels of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is a more significant predictor than LDL-C or HDL-C alone. OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between early @entity731 markers using @entity1004 carotid plaque, carotidplaque type and LDL/HDL ratio surrogate maker and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross sectional study. Aged 18-80 years in cardiovascular clinic, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand @entity1004 carotid plaque and carotid plaque type were measured using a B-mode ultrasonography, ratio LDL/HDL, Framingham risk score and traditional @entity65 risk factors (age, body mass index (BMI), Waist hip ratio (WHR), gender total @entity165 , @entity412 , HDL-C, LDL-C) were assessed in the entire population. RESULTS: Population of 302 subjects (154 (51%) male) mean age (47.17    10.95 years) was recruited. The mean @entity1004 0.71 mm (min 0.46 mm and max 1.22 mm). @entity1004 correlated with WHR (p < 0.01), @entity13519 (p < 0.01), total @entity165 (p = 0.032), @entity412 (p < 0.01) but not with LDL/HDL ratio, other traditional risk factors BMI, @entity4434 , LDL-C and HDL-C. Carotid plaque showed association only with @entity412 (p = 0.011). Carotid plaque type showed association with age (p < 0.01), sex (0.03), Framingham risk score (p = 0.03), WHR (P = 0.01) and @entity13519 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: No association between early @entity731 @entity1004 carotid plaques, carotid plaque type with LDL/HDL ratio identified but closely associated with WHR.

title: Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein XXXX /High-Density Lipoprotein @entity165 Concentration Ratio and Early Marker of Carotid @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['Carotid intima-media thickness', 'CIMT']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) is a surrogate markerfor @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and LDL-C/ HDL-C ratio is related to @entity1004 or carotid plaque. Evaluate early @entity731 markers whether elevated levels of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is a more significant predictor than LDL-C or HDL-C alone. OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between early @entity731 markers using @entity1004 carotid plaque, carotidplaque type and LDL/HDL ratio surrogate maker and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross sectional study. Aged 18-80 years in cardiovascular clinic, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand @entity1004 carotid plaque and carotid plaque type were measured using a B-mode ultrasonography, ratio LDL/HDL, Framingham risk score and traditional @entity65 risk factors (age, body mass index (BMI), Waist hip ratio (WHR), gender total @entity165 , @entity412 , HDL-C, LDL-C) were assessed in the entire population. RESULTS: Population of 302 subjects (154 (51%) male) mean age (47.17    10.95 years) was recruited. The mean @entity1004 0.71 mm (min 0.46 mm and max 1.22 mm). @entity1004 correlated with WHR (p < 0.01), @entity13519 (p < 0.01), total @entity165 (p = 0.032), @entity412 (p < 0.01) but not with LDL/HDL ratio, other traditional risk factors BMI, @entity4434 , LDL-C and HDL-C. Carotid plaque showed association only with @entity412 (p = 0.011). Carotid plaque type showed association with age (p < 0.01), sex (0.03), Framingham risk score (p = 0.03), WHR (P = 0.01) and @entity13519 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: No association between early @entity731 @entity1004 carotid plaques, carotid plaque type with LDL/HDL ratio identified but closely associated with WHR.

title: Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein @entity165 /High-Density Lipoprotein XXXX Concentration Ratio and Early Marker of Carotid @entity731 .

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) is a surrogate markerfor @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and LDL-C/ HDL-C ratio is related to @entity1004 or carotid plaque. Evaluate early @entity731 markers whether elevated levels of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is a more significant predictor than LDL-C or HDL-C alone. OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between early @entity731 markers using @entity1004 carotid plaque, carotidplaque type and LDL/HDL ratio surrogate maker and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross sectional study. Aged 18-80 years in cardiovascular clinic, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand @entity1004 carotid plaque and carotid plaque type were measured using a B-mode ultrasonography, ratio LDL/HDL, Framingham risk score and traditional @entity65 risk factors (age, body mass index (BMI), Waist hip ratio (WHR), gender total @entity165 , @entity412 , HDL-C, LDL-C) were assessed in the entire population. RESULTS: Population of 302 subjects (154 (51%) male) mean age (47.17    10.95 years) was recruited. The mean @entity1004 0.71 mm (min 0.46 mm and max 1.22 mm). @entity1004 correlated with WHR (p < 0.01), @entity13519 (p < 0.01), total @entity165 (p = 0.032), @entity412 (p < 0.01) but not with LDL/HDL ratio, other traditional risk factors BMI, @entity4434 , LDL-C and HDL-C. Carotid plaque showed association only with @entity412 (p = 0.011). Carotid plaque type showed association with age (p < 0.01), sex (0.03), Framingham risk score (p = 0.03), WHR (P = 0.01) and @entity13519 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: No association between early @entity731 @entity1004 carotid plaques, carotid plaque type with LDL/HDL ratio identified but closely associated with WHR.

title: Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein @entity165 /High-Density Lipoprotein @entity165 Concentration Ratio and Early Marker of Carotid XXXX .

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Artery Atherosclerosis']


abstract: In the years from 1968-1977 to 44 out of 63 @entity1 with @entity189 of the nasopharynx and to 15 out of 19 @entity1 with @entity706 of the nasopharynx curative radiation therapy was applied. The survival-rates for all @entity189 amount to 63,2% after 3 years, and to 46,5% after 5 years. Half of the @entity1 live up to only 9% of their mean, age- and sex-dependent life expectancy. The prognosis differs with the histological type. @entity1 with @entity1606 had the smallest chance of survival; half of them did not survive. 0.08% of their age-dependent life expectancy. Skeletal infiltration and metastases of the cervical lymph nodes have a bad influence on the therapeutic results. Local recurrences developed in 20% of the @entity1 . Using the examples of 3 @entity1 , who don't belong to the analyzed collective, we shall discuss and optimize the radiotherapeutic management. As a result it is found out, that the megavoltage irradiation therapy (42 MeV X-rays) makes a better dose distribution in tumour-volume than @entity1953 60 rays.

title: [ XXXX of the Nasopharynx. Clinical aspects--treatment results--therapeutical improvements (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional-cell-carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinomas']


abstract: Peripheral venous access in elderly, hospitalized @entity1 is often challenging. The usual alternative is insertion of a central venous catheter, with associated risk for complications. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative incidence of @entity3527 secondary to lower as compared to upper extremity intravenous catheters (IVCs) and associated risk factors. A non-randomized, observational, cohort-controlled study was carried out. Consecutive @entity1 receiving a lower extremity IVC were enrolled and compared with @entity1 receiving an upper extremity IVC. @entity1 were followed from insertion until removal of the IVC. The major endpoint was @entity3527 . The incidence of @entity3527 secondary to upper extremity IVCs was 3/50 (6  %) compared to 5/53 (9.4  %) in @entity1746 (  (2) Yates   =   0.08, p   =   0.776). Age, gender, @entity28 , @entity6 , site (arm versus leg, left versus right), and size of needle were not found to be risk factors for @entity3527 according to univariate analysis. None of the @entity1 developed @entity281 . In elderly @entity1 with poor venous access, @entity1746 are a reasonable and low-risk alternative to central venous catheters.

title: Relative incidence of XXXX associated with peripheral intravenous catheters in the lower versus upper extremities.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity IVCs']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

answer: @entity3527 :: (MESH:D010689,Disease) :: ['phlebitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent knowledge on the effects of @entity1370 warrants greater precision for left-sided breast radiotherapy. Different breath-hold (BH) maneuvers (abdominal vs thoracic breathing) can lead to chest wall positional variations, even though the @entity1 's tidal volume remains consistent. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using optical tracking for real-time quality control of active breathing coordinator (ABC)-assisted deep inspiration BH (DIBH). METHODS: An in-house @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) was used to monitor ABC-assisted DIBH. The stability and localization accuracy of the @entity1781 were assessed with a ball-bearing phantom. Seven @entity1 with left-sided @entity0 were included. A free-breathing (FB) computed tomography (CT) scan and an ABC-assisted BH CT scan were acquired for each @entity1 . The @entity1781 tracked an infrared (IR) marker affixed over the @entity1 's xiphoid process to measure the positional variation of each individual BH. Using the BH within which the CT scan was performed as the reference, the authors quantified intra- and interfraction BH variations for each @entity1 . To estimate the dosimetric impact of BH variations, the authors studied the positional correlation between the marker and the left breast using the FB CT and BH CT scans. The positional variations of 860 BHs as measured by the @entity1781 were retrospectively incorporated into the original treatment plans to evaluate their dosimetric impact on breast and cardiac organs [heart and left anterior descending (LAD) artery]. RESULTS: The stability and localization accuracy of the @entity1781 was within 0.2 mm along each direction. The mean intrafraction variation among treatment BHs was less than 2.8 mm in all directions. Up to 12.6 mm anteroposterior undershoot, where the @entity1 's chest wall displacement of a BH is less than that of a reference BH, was observed with averages of 4.4, 3.6, and 0.1 mm in the anteroposterior, craniocaudal, and mediolateral directions, respectively. A high positional correlation between the marker and the breast was found in the anteroposterior and craniocaudal directions with respective Pearson correlation values of 0.95 and 0.93, but no mediolateral correlation was found. Dosimetric impact of BH variations on breast coverage was negligible. However, the mean heart dose, mean LAD dose, and max LAD dose were estimated to increase from 1.4/7.4/18.6 Gy (planned) to 2.1/15.7/31.0 Gy (delivered), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In ABC-assisted DIBH, large positional variation can occur in some @entity1 , due to their different BH maneuvers. The authors' study has shown that @entity1781 can be a valuable tool for real-time quality control of ABC-assisted DIBH.

title: Monitoring ABC-assisted deep inspiration breath hold for left-sided breast radiotherapy with an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['OTS', 'optical tracking system']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optical tracking system']


abstract: It is proposed that most @entity3557 originate in infancy and childhood, based on the early rise in sporadic @entity259 incidence, the pattern of radiation-induced risk (highest in those exposed as @entity1 ), and the high prevalence of sporadic @entity3557 in @entity1 and adolescents (ultrasound screening after the Fukushima accident). The early origin can be linked to the growth pattern of follicular cells, with a high mitotic rate in infancy falling to very low replacement levels in adult life. The cell of origin of @entity259 , the differentiated follicular cell, has a limited growth potential. Unlike @entity5 originating in stem cells, loss of the usually tight link between differentiation and replicative senescence is required for immortalisation. It is suggested that this loss distinguishes larger clinically significant @entity3557 from @entity3557 of little clinical significance. @entity105 can then be divided into 3 stages: (1) initiation, the first mutation in the carcinogenic cascade, for radiation-induced @entity3557 usually a @entity8958 rearrangement, (2) progression, acquisition of the additional mutations needed for low-grade malignancy, and (3) escape, further mutations giving immortality and a higher net growth rate. Most @entity3557 will not have achieved full immortality by adulthood, and remain as so-called micro- @entity189 with a very low growth rate. The use of the term ' @entity5 ' to describe @entity3557 in older @entity1 encourages overtreatment and alarms @entity1 . Invasive @entity3557 show a spectrum of malignancy, which at its lowest poses no threat to life. The treatment protocols and nomenclature for small @entity1377 need to be reconsidered in the light of the new evidence available, the continuing discovery of smaller lesions, and the model of @entity105 proposed.

title: Thyroid Growth and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid tumours', 'papillary thyroid cancers', 'micro-papillary thyroid cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary carcinogenesis', 'thyroid carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers', 'thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: The consumption of @entity285 is associated with many health issues including @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ). The natural history of @entity5881 involves the development of @entity1560 , @entity32 ( @entity1560 ), @entity82 and @entity82 . During the stage of @entity1560 , the combination of @entity32 and cellular damage can progress to a severe condition termed @entity99 ( @entity99 ). Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of @entity99 remains uncharacterized. Some modulations have been identified in host defense and liver immunity mechanisms during @entity99 that highlight the role of intrahepatic lymphocyte accumulation and associated inflammatory cytokine responses. Also, it is hypothesized that @entity285 -induced @entity99 cells may significantly contribute to the aberrant lymphocytic distribution that is seen in @entity99 . In particular, the regulation of lymphocytes by hepatocytes may be disrupted in the alcoholic liver resulting in altered immunologic homeostasis and perpetuation of disease. In recent studies, it was demonstrated that the direct killing of activated T lymphocytes by hepatocytes is facilitated by the @entity34049 ( @entity34049 ). The @entity34049 is a well-characterized glycoprotein receptor that is exclusively expressed by hepatocytes. This hepatic receptor is known for its role in the clearance of desialylated glycoproteins or cells, yet neither its physiological function nor its role in disease states has been determined. Interestingly, @entity285 markedly impairs @entity34049 function; however, the effect @entity285 has on @entity34049 -mediated @entity137 of lymphocytes remains to be elucidated. This review discusses the contribution of hepatocytes in immunological regulation and, importantly, how pathological effects of @entity1068 disrupt hepatocellular-mediated defense mechanisms.

title: Hepatocyte-mediated XXXX and host defense mechanisms in the @entity285 -injured liver.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity34049 :: ('432', 'Gene') :: ['asialoglycoprotein receptor', 'ASGPR']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic hepatitis', 'injury to liver', 'AH']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: The consumption of @entity285 is associated with many health issues including @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ). The natural history of @entity5881 involves the development of @entity1560 , @entity32 ( @entity1560 ), @entity82 and @entity82 . During the stage of @entity1560 , the combination of @entity32 and cellular damage can progress to a severe condition termed @entity99 ( @entity99 ). Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of @entity99 remains uncharacterized. Some modulations have been identified in host defense and liver immunity mechanisms during @entity99 that highlight the role of intrahepatic lymphocyte accumulation and associated inflammatory cytokine responses. Also, it is hypothesized that @entity285 -induced @entity99 cells may significantly contribute to the aberrant lymphocytic distribution that is seen in @entity99 . In particular, the regulation of lymphocytes by hepatocytes may be disrupted in the alcoholic liver resulting in altered immunologic homeostasis and perpetuation of disease. In recent studies, it was demonstrated that the direct killing of activated T lymphocytes by hepatocytes is facilitated by the @entity34049 ( @entity34049 ). The @entity34049 is a well-characterized glycoprotein receptor that is exclusively expressed by hepatocytes. This hepatic receptor is known for its role in the clearance of desialylated glycoproteins or cells, yet neither its physiological function nor its role in disease states has been determined. Interestingly, @entity285 markedly impairs @entity34049 function; however, the effect @entity285 has on @entity34049 -mediated @entity137 of lymphocytes remains to be elucidated. This review discusses the contribution of hepatocytes in immunological regulation and, importantly, how pathological effects of @entity1068 disrupt hepatocellular-mediated defense mechanisms.

title: Hepatocyte-mediated @entity137 and host defense mechanisms in the XXXX -injured liver.

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) is highly prevalent among @entity6 ageing adults. The @entity3481 caused by this long-term complication lead to poorer physical functioning, postural control and balance. These changes affect the activities of daily living and increase the risk of falling, subsequently leading to increased morbidity and decreased quality of life. Early detection of such functional limitations is important, as it may influence the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs and prevent further functional @entity734 . This review focuses on functional aspects related to balance, postural control and mobility in ageing adults suffering from @entity1897 , as well as their assessment by valid, reliable and low-cost performance-based measurements. PUBMED was searched for articles in English published between 2004 and 2014. Search terms included @entity3949 , balance, postural control, functional mobility, and functional outcomes. Reviewed literature indicates that simple and low-cost measurements, easy to include in clinical routines, can be used for @entity73 in complex functions, such as balance and mobility. Some studies have also been able to correlate results from @entity1897 severity scales with those of functional tests, showing that applying such tests may improve the early diagnosis of this @entity16 . Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index, Functional Reach Test, and Time Up and Go already have modified cut-off points for the @entity6 older population, but need validation for ageing adults with @entity1897 . Further research on this subject should be addressed, in order to improve assessment outcomes.

title: Functional Aspects in Ageing Adults with XXXX . A Review.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Mellitus', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['screening impairments']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and motor impairments']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['DPN', 'Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: The treatment of @entity697 has seen changes in diagnosis and therapy in Germany. The objective of this analysis was to assess changes in therapy and outcome after @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) over the last 21 years. BACKGROUND:: The analysis was based on 3 prospective multicenter quality assurance studies conducted by the Institute for Quality Control in Operative Medicine of the University of Magdeburg. METHODS:: All inpatients with a diagnosis of @entity698 in these studies (1988/1989, 1996/1997, 2008/2009) were included. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS:: Data from 17,732 treatments of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity698 were collected. The average age of @entity1 increased between the 3 studies from 25.7 to 34.6 years (P < 0.001). The preoperative selection of LA or @entity1538 was based on American Society of Anesthesiologists' classification (P < 0.001). Between 1996/1997 and 2008/2009, the share of LA climbed from 33.1% to 85.8% (P < 0.001). In the study from 2008 to 2009, LA showed a significant advantage over the conventional technique in wound healing disturbances (P < 0.001) and the clinical duration of stay (P < 0.001). At no stage of @entity32 did LA significantly increase @entity6177 . The use of a stapler is currently the most common method of appendiceal stump closure (83.6%). CONCLUSIONS:: Changes in @entity1 data reflected demographic changes. Preoperative selection leads to 2 clearly defined groups. LA is the most dominant method of current operative therapy. The negative selection in @entity1538 group has influenced the worse outcome of that group.

title: Clinical Health Service Research on the Surgical Therapy of XXXX : Comparison of Outcomes Based on 3 German Multicenter Quality Assurance Studies Over 21 Years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['appendix inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open appendectomy', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscesses']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute Appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sociodemographic and geographic factors are associated with referral for surgery and receipt of recommended surgical intervention. BACKGROUND: Surgical interventions confer survival advantages compared with palliative therapies for @entity157 ( @entity157 ), but disparities exist in use of surgical intervention. Few have investigated referral for surgery as a potential barrier to surgical intervention, and little is known about the effects of @entity1 geographic factors, including proximity to surgical centers. METHODS: Data were abstracted from the @entity5 Registry for @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity157 from 2006 to 2011. Using hospital procedure volume data from the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council, we calculated proximity to a surgical center. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine whether geographic, racial, socioeconomic, and clinical factors were associated with referral for surgery and receipt of a recommended surgical intervention. RESULTS: Of 3576 @entity1 with @entity157 , 41.0% were referred for surgery. @entity1 who lived closer to a surgical center were less likely to be referred for surgery (adjusted odds ratio=0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.92). Surgical referral was less likely among older, male @entity1 with Medicaid insurance and advanced @entity5 stage at diagnosis. Of those referred, 1276 (87.0%) underwent surgical intervention. Proximity to a surgical center was not associated with receipt of surgical intervention (P=0.27). @entity1 with distant @entity5 stage at diagnosis were less likely to receive recommended surgical intervention (adjusted odds ratio=0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.50). CONCLUSIONS: Geographic and sociodemographic disparities in referral for surgery may be major barriers to surgical intervention for @entity1 with @entity157 .

title: Differences in Physician Referral Drive Disparities in Surgical Intervention for XXXX : A Retrospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Pennsylvania Cancer']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity840 are the most frequently used animals in @entity6337 studies. However, general @entity137 studies most often use Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 . To reduce the number of animals needed for drug development, we examined whether @entity272 studies could be performed using SD @entity35 . A total of 19 drugs that had previously been shown to have @entity6337 potential and 3 known @entity6337 compounds were administered transdermally to @entity840 and SD @entity35 . Eleven of the potentially @entity6337 drugs and 2 of the known @entity6337 compounds were also administered orally to @entity840 and SD @entity35 . After administration, the animals were irradiated with UV-A (10 J/cm(2)) and UV-B (0.25 J/cm(2) in @entity840 and 0.031 J/cm(2) in SD @entity35 ) with doses based on standard @entity6337 study guidelines and the results of a minimum erythema dose test, respectively. In the transdermal administration study, all of the known @entity6337 compounds and 7 of the drugs induced @entity6337 reactions. In the oral administration study, both known @entity6337 compounds and 5 drugs induced @entity6337 reactions in both species; one compound each was found to be toxic only in SD @entity35 or @entity840 . The concordance rate of @entity840 and SD @entity35 was 100% in the transdermal administration study and 85% in the oral administration study. This study demonstrated that @entity6337 studies using SD @entity35 have the same potential to detect @entity6337 compounds as studies using @entity840 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX study using SD @entity35 by transdermal and oral administration.

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxic', 'phototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'guinea pigs']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin phototoxicity']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin phototoxicity']


abstract: @entity840 are the most frequently used animals in @entity6337 studies. However, general @entity137 studies most often use Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 . To reduce the number of animals needed for drug development, we examined whether @entity272 studies could be performed using SD @entity35 . A total of 19 drugs that had previously been shown to have @entity6337 potential and 3 known @entity6337 compounds were administered transdermally to @entity840 and SD @entity35 . Eleven of the potentially @entity6337 drugs and 2 of the known @entity6337 compounds were also administered orally to @entity840 and SD @entity35 . After administration, the animals were irradiated with UV-A (10 J/cm(2)) and UV-B (0.25 J/cm(2) in @entity840 and 0.031 J/cm(2) in SD @entity35 ) with doses based on standard @entity6337 study guidelines and the results of a minimum erythema dose test, respectively. In the transdermal administration study, all of the known @entity6337 compounds and 7 of the drugs induced @entity6337 reactions. In the oral administration study, both known @entity6337 compounds and 5 drugs induced @entity6337 reactions in both species; one compound each was found to be toxic only in SD @entity35 or @entity840 . The concordance rate of @entity840 and SD @entity35 was 100% in the transdermal administration study and 85% in the oral administration study. This study demonstrated that @entity6337 studies using SD @entity35 have the same potential to detect @entity6337 compounds as studies using @entity840 .

title: Evaluation of @entity272 study using SD XXXX by transdermal and oral administration.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Recent reports suggest that hydrolyzed @entity3505 protein (HWP) variants such as Glupearl   19S (GP19S) induce @entity56 via epicutaneous (EC) sensitization. The identification of strong allergens is a key step in product assessment before commercial launch. However, few reports have described the estimation of actual and potential anaphylactic sensitizing capacity. In this study we assessed the strength of both the actual and potential anaphylactic sensitizing capacity by investigating the @entity56 inducing potential of HWP compared with gluten. We assessed these strengths via the EC route using an EC or intradermal (ID) sensitization method. We quantified the strength of @entity56 by evaluating the titer of serum antibodies isolated from sensitized subjects using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions. We also evaluated the cross-reactivity between GP19S and gluten. GP19S and gluten applied by both the sensitization methods induced obvious IgG1-mediated PCA reactions. GP19S had stronger sensitizing potential than gluten, according to the serum titers and dye spot diameters. The difference in antibody titers between GP19S and gluten was 16-fold for the EC method versus 2-fold for the ID method. GP19S cross-reacted with gluten. Acid hydrolysis of gluten increased anaphylactic sensitizing capacity in the EC method. To our knowledge, our study is the first to quantitatively confirm that HWP and gluten can induce @entity56 through an intact skin. These findings suggest that acid-HWP imposes a higher risk of EC sensitization than gluten because of the ease with which the former confers a sensitizing effect through the intact skin.

title: Anaphylactic augmentation by epicutaneous sensitization to acid-hydrolyzed XXXX protein in a guinea pig model.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['immediate-type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']