abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the occurrence rate of @entity551 and bradycardic events (HBEs) during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair performed with interscalene brachial plexus block anesthesia in the sitting position in 2 groups of @entity1 who underwent the procedure with @entity1063 or @entity1425 added to the irrigation fluid. The secondary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity1063 in comparison with @entity1425 in controlling @entity954 and maintaining adequate visualization of the arthroscopic field of view during the procedure. We hypothesized that @entity1063 added to the irrigation fluid during shoulder arthroscopy in the sitting position would reduce the occurrence of HBEs, allowing optimal @entity954 control. METHODS: One hundred twenty @entity1 underwent an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair performed under peripheral anesthesia and in the beach-chair position. @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups of 60 cases each: @entity1063 (0.66 mg/L) and @entity1425 (0.33 mg/L) were added to irrigation bags in group N and group E, respectively. The primary outcome was the occurrence rate of HBEs during surgery. The secondary outcomes were timing of onset of HBEs, accompanying symptoms, and @entity954 that @entity227 . The clarity of the visual field was rated postoperatively by the surgeon using a visual analog scale. Comparison between groups for all baseline variables and outcome measurements was performed with the   (2) or Fisher exact test, as appropriate, for categorical variables and the Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate, for continuous variables. Significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: One @entity1 was excluded from group E because of block failure; therefore 119 @entity1 were finally included in the study. Comparison between groups showed no significant differences in baseline characteristics. The occurrence rate of HBEs was significantly greater in group E (n  = 15) than in group N (n  = 5) (P  = .02). No differences between groups were found in the average time of onset of HBEs, accompanying symptoms, and clarity of the visual field. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous administration of @entity1063 , 0.66 mg/L, diluted in irrigation fluid during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with the @entity1 in the beach-chair position reduces the incidence of HBEs and is as effective as @entity1425 in controlling @entity954 and maintaining the visual clarity of the surgical field. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, randomized clinical study.

title: The effect of @entity1063 versus XXXX in irrigation fluid on the incidence of @entity551 /bradycardic events during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with interscalene block in the sitting position.

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: @entity416 is a potent and safe agent that can be used after @entity5948 and @entity3907 treatment in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity416 monotherapy as a first-line treatment in @entity1 epidermal receptor 2 ( @entity1722 )-negative @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: In this single-center trial, a total of 109 @entity1722 -negative @entity1 with @entity0 who received @entity416 monotherapy as first-line treatment between 2003 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was carried out for progression-free survival (PFS) and for overall survival (OS). Two-sided p values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Median PFS was 7.0    0.67 (confidence interval (CI) 5.6-8.3) months and median OS was 30    4.1 (CI 21.8-38.1) months. First-line @entity416 treatment for @entity1722 -negative @entity0 was more effective in the @entity172 receptor (ER)-positive @entity1 population compared to the ER-negative group (median PFS 9 vs 4 months (p = 0.002), median OS 33 vs 21 months (p = 0.01)). Indeed, the overall response rate in the ER-negative group was 16%, while this was calculated as 38% for ER-positive cases. While most of our @entity1 population was treated with a higher dose (1250 mg/m2), the observed grade 3-4 @entity137 were lower compared to some previously reported phase II and phase III @entity416 studies. CONCLUSIONS: @entity416 monotherapy is an effective and safe regimen for ER-positive, @entity1722 -negative @entity1 with @entity0 . Its low @entity137 profile compared to other intravenous cytotoxic agents and the ease of its oral administration make this agent a preferable option for both physicians and @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of @entity416 monotherapy as the first-line treatment of metastatic XXXX -negative @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: @entity416 is a potent and safe agent that can be used after @entity5948 and @entity3907 treatment in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity416 monotherapy as a first-line treatment in @entity1 epidermal receptor 2 ( @entity1722 )-negative @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: In this single-center trial, a total of 109 @entity1722 -negative @entity1 with @entity0 who received @entity416 monotherapy as first-line treatment between 2003 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was carried out for progression-free survival (PFS) and for overall survival (OS). Two-sided p values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Median PFS was 7.0    0.67 (confidence interval (CI) 5.6-8.3) months and median OS was 30    4.1 (CI 21.8-38.1) months. First-line @entity416 treatment for @entity1722 -negative @entity0 was more effective in the @entity172 receptor (ER)-positive @entity1 population compared to the ER-negative group (median PFS 9 vs 4 months (p = 0.002), median OS 33 vs 21 months (p = 0.01)). Indeed, the overall response rate in the ER-negative group was 16%, while this was calculated as 38% for ER-positive cases. While most of our @entity1 population was treated with a higher dose (1250 mg/m2), the observed grade 3-4 @entity137 were lower compared to some previously reported phase II and phase III @entity416 studies. CONCLUSIONS: @entity416 monotherapy is an effective and safe regimen for ER-positive, @entity1722 -negative @entity1 with @entity0 . Its low @entity137 profile compared to other intravenous cytotoxic agents and the ease of its oral administration make this agent a preferable option for both physicians and @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of @entity416 monotherapy as the first-line treatment of metastatic @entity1722 -negative XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: @entity416 is a potent and safe agent that can be used after @entity5948 and @entity3907 treatment in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity416 monotherapy as a first-line treatment in @entity1 epidermal receptor 2 ( @entity1722 )-negative @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: In this single-center trial, a total of 109 @entity1722 -negative @entity1 with @entity0 who received @entity416 monotherapy as first-line treatment between 2003 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was carried out for progression-free survival (PFS) and for overall survival (OS). Two-sided p values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Median PFS was 7.0    0.67 (confidence interval (CI) 5.6-8.3) months and median OS was 30    4.1 (CI 21.8-38.1) months. First-line @entity416 treatment for @entity1722 -negative @entity0 was more effective in the @entity172 receptor (ER)-positive @entity1 population compared to the ER-negative group (median PFS 9 vs 4 months (p = 0.002), median OS 33 vs 21 months (p = 0.01)). Indeed, the overall response rate in the ER-negative group was 16%, while this was calculated as 38% for ER-positive cases. While most of our @entity1 population was treated with a higher dose (1250 mg/m2), the observed grade 3-4 @entity137 were lower compared to some previously reported phase II and phase III @entity416 studies. CONCLUSIONS: @entity416 monotherapy is an effective and safe regimen for ER-positive, @entity1722 -negative @entity1 with @entity0 . Its low @entity137 profile compared to other intravenous cytotoxic agents and the ease of its oral administration make this agent a preferable option for both physicians and @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of XXXX monotherapy as the first-line treatment of metastatic @entity1722 -negative @entity0 .

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity571 ( @entity571 ), which increases knee loading, muscle co-contraction, and @entity158 , is a mechanical disease that requires biomechanical exploration to reduce @entity158 in the knee. Therefore, this article aims to investigate the effectiveness of an exercise programme on the aforementioned outcomes in @entity1 with medial knee @entity571 . METHODS: Cohort pilot study design. A total of 19 @entity1 with knee @entity571 attended a six-week group exercise programme integrated with self-management education. The following outcomes were assessed before and after the exercise programme: external knee adduction moment (EKAM), knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI), knee antagonist muscle co-contraction, and @entity158 subscale of the @entity3331 and @entity571 outcome score (KOOS). RESULTS: Of the 19 @entity1 , 14 completed the study. The EKAM and KAAI did not show statistical significance post-exercise intervention (p=0.21-0.7 and 0.56, respectively). Muscle co-contraction between vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscles decreased in early-stance (64.78 (44.35) compared with 38.10 (23.10), p=0.01) and mid-stance (27.62 (32.12) compared with 14.94 (17.40), p=0.04). A corresponding significant @entity158 reduction was observed (p=0.00) with a median (range) of 51.50 (47.00 to 62.50) at week 6 compared with 34.50 (29.25 to 41.25) at baseline. CONCLUSION: This is the first known study to explore the effect of an exercise programme on knee loading and muscle co-contraction in @entity1 with @entity571 . Although the value of EKAM did not change, the findings suggest that the reduction in vastus lateralis and biceps femoris co-contraction might be the mechanism behind the reduction of @entity158 .

title: The effectiveness of an exercise programme on knee loading, muscle co-contraction, and XXXX in @entity1 with medial knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injury']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity571 ( @entity571 ), which increases knee loading, muscle co-contraction, and @entity158 , is a mechanical disease that requires biomechanical exploration to reduce @entity158 in the knee. Therefore, this article aims to investigate the effectiveness of an exercise programme on the aforementioned outcomes in @entity1 with medial knee @entity571 . METHODS: Cohort pilot study design. A total of 19 @entity1 with knee @entity571 attended a six-week group exercise programme integrated with self-management education. The following outcomes were assessed before and after the exercise programme: external knee adduction moment (EKAM), knee adduction angular impulse (KAAI), knee antagonist muscle co-contraction, and @entity158 subscale of the @entity3331 and @entity571 outcome score (KOOS). RESULTS: Of the 19 @entity1 , 14 completed the study. The EKAM and KAAI did not show statistical significance post-exercise intervention (p=0.21-0.7 and 0.56, respectively). Muscle co-contraction between vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscles decreased in early-stance (64.78 (44.35) compared with 38.10 (23.10), p=0.01) and mid-stance (27.62 (32.12) compared with 14.94 (17.40), p=0.04). A corresponding significant @entity158 reduction was observed (p=0.00) with a median (range) of 51.50 (47.00 to 62.50) at week 6 compared with 34.50 (29.25 to 41.25) at baseline. CONCLUSION: This is the first known study to explore the effect of an exercise programme on knee loading and muscle co-contraction in @entity1 with @entity571 . Although the value of EKAM did not change, the findings suggest that the reduction in vastus lateralis and biceps femoris co-contraction might be the mechanism behind the reduction of @entity158 .

title: The effectiveness of an exercise programme on knee loading, muscle co-contraction, and @entity158 in XXXX with medial knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the utility of the @entity1357 monocytic @entity1778 cell line as a model for analyzing molecular mechanisms involved in enhancement of @entity379 -induced @entity3035 dioxygenase ( @entity9218 ) activity by interleukin-1 ( @entity1192 ). Following treatment of @entity1357 cells with combinations of @entity379 and @entity1192 , @entity9218 activity and @entity9218 mRNA were quantified by HPLC and radioanalytic imaging of RT-PCR products, respectively. @entity1192 increased the amount of @entity9218 activity and the expression of @entity9218 mRNA in IFN-treated cells; @entity1192 alone had no effect on untreated @entity1357 cells. Because @entity9218 gene regulation might differ between immature @entity1357 cells and mature macrophages, experiments were repeated using primary macrophage cultures. @entity379 induced @entity9218 activity, and @entity9218 mRNA was expressed in a dose-dependent manner. In the presence of @entity1192 , 10 times less IFN was required to obtain the same amount of @entity9218 mRNA and @entity9218 activity. Furthermore, @entity1192 alone increased @entity9218 mRNA expression. It appears that unlike what was observed in @entity1357 cells, @entity1192 transcriptionally activates the @entity9218 gene in primary macrophages. However, increases in @entity9218 activity were not observed following treatment with @entity1192 alone. Although the @entity1357 cell may be used to model cytokine potentiation of IFN-induced @entity9218 activity, some differences in regulation between @entity1357 cells and primary macrophage cultures may exist.

title: Interleukin-1 enhances XXXX 2,3-dioxygenase activity by increasing specific mRNA expression in human mononuclear phagocytes.

entities_list: @entity3035 :: ('CHEBI:28626', 'Chemical') :: ['indoleamine']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN)-gamma']

answer: @entity3035 :: (CHEBI:28626,Chemical) :: ['indoleamine']


abstract: A randomized double-blind parallel study with 20 healthy volunteers was performed to research the effect of a preservative in a decongestant nasal spray on the development of @entity2490 . Ten subjects received @entity11027 nasal spray with @entity3676 and the others used @entity11027 nasal spray without the preservative three times daily for 30 days. Before starting the course of treatment and after its conclusion, recordings of the mucosal surface positions were made with rhinostereometry followed by @entity112 challenge tests. Symptoms of nasal stuffiness were estimated on visual analogue scales (0-100) in the morning and the evening just before using the nasal spray. After 30 days, rebound swelling and nasal stuffiness were found in both groups. In the group receiving @entity11027 nasal spray with @entity3676 the mean rebound swelling was 1.1 mm and the estimated mean evening symptom score for nasal stuffiness was 43. In the group without @entity3676 the corresponding variables were significantly less marked, with a mean rebound swelling of 0.5 mm (P < 0.05) and a mean evening symptom score of 25 (P < 0.05). The increase in @entity112 sensitivity in both groups was interpreted as a sign of nasal hyperreactivity. A new type of nasal spray bottle was used that has been shown to prevent bacterial contamination. In conclusion, the long-term use of @entity3676 in @entity11027 nasal spray accentuates the severity of @entity2490 in healthy volunteers.

title: @entity3676 in a decongestant nasal spray aggravates XXXX in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity3676 :: ('MESH:D001548', 'Chemical') :: ['benzalkonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity11027 :: ('MESH:D010109', 'Chemical') :: ['oxymetazoline']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis medicamentosa']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis medicamentosa']


abstract: A randomized double-blind parallel study with 20 healthy volunteers was performed to research the effect of a preservative in a decongestant nasal spray on the development of @entity2490 . Ten subjects received @entity11027 nasal spray with @entity3676 and the others used @entity11027 nasal spray without the preservative three times daily for 30 days. Before starting the course of treatment and after its conclusion, recordings of the mucosal surface positions were made with rhinostereometry followed by @entity112 challenge tests. Symptoms of nasal stuffiness were estimated on visual analogue scales (0-100) in the morning and the evening just before using the nasal spray. After 30 days, rebound swelling and nasal stuffiness were found in both groups. In the group receiving @entity11027 nasal spray with @entity3676 the mean rebound swelling was 1.1 mm and the estimated mean evening symptom score for nasal stuffiness was 43. In the group without @entity3676 the corresponding variables were significantly less marked, with a mean rebound swelling of 0.5 mm (P < 0.05) and a mean evening symptom score of 25 (P < 0.05). The increase in @entity112 sensitivity in both groups was interpreted as a sign of nasal hyperreactivity. A new type of nasal spray bottle was used that has been shown to prevent bacterial contamination. In conclusion, the long-term use of @entity3676 in @entity11027 nasal spray accentuates the severity of @entity2490 in healthy volunteers.

title: XXXX in a decongestant nasal spray aggravates @entity2490 in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity3676 :: (MESH:D001548,Chemical) :: ['Benzalkonium chloride']


abstract: Kampou medicine is a traditional Japanese therapeutic system which originated in China and was used to treat @entity66 for hundreds of years until it was superseded by Western medicine. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in Kampou medicine among many physicians. Unfortunately, however, little evaluation has been performed using objective scientific methods until now, and the pharmacodynamics of Kampou medicine are still unclear. Generally speaking, Kampou medicine has been shown to have fewer side-effects than Western medicine based on the experience gained from its long usage. We first selected 16 Kampou extracts for screening as possible @entity3835 stone prophylactic agents in vitro. This resulted in the selection of two kinds of Kampou extracts, Takusya and Kagosou, as potential Kampou extracts for stone prophylaxis. Next, these two Kampou extracts were tested in vivo for their effects on stone formation in an animal model. Takusya showed significant stone prophylaxis, while Kagosou did not. Lastly, Chorei-to, which contains Takusya and has been approved for prescription as a Kampou medicine for @entity1791 @entity1 in Japan, was examined in vivo at two different concentrations. As a result, a low dose of Chorei-to which corresponded to the @entity1 daily dose per unit of body weight exhibited apparent stone prophylaxis, despite the disadvantage of decreasing @entity1792 excretion. In contrast, high doses of Chorei-to did not exhibit stone prophylaxis in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The inhibitory effect of kampou extracts on in vitro XXXX crystallization and in vivo stone formation in an animal model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity3835 :: ('MESH:D002129', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium oxalate']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

answer: @entity3835 :: (MESH:D002129,Chemical) :: ['calcium oxalate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dislocation of the shoulder is one of our earliest frequent injuries. Many procedures have been evaluated for treatment of the condition since the mid 1960s. The modified Bristow procedure was initially described in 1970 by May. Technically easy, the procedure is very effective in prevention of redislocation, and has gained popularity over two decades of use. METHODS: A retrospective study was done of 32 @entity1 with recurrent @entity2065 , who had received modified Bristow procedure during the years 1987 through 1991 in this Hospital. Average followup period was 26 months. RESULTS: At postoperative evaluation, average loss of external rotation and abduction as compared to the nonoperated side were 15 and 10 degrees, respectively. There was no limitation on daily activity, but some little restriction in extreme throwing sports was found. @entity260 included three @entity1 who had bone block resorption and one @entity1 who had superficial wound @entity281 . There was no redislocation nor implant loosening in the study. CONCLUSIONS: This procedure is technically easy, had a low rate of complication, a high degree of @entity1 satisfaction and very effectively prevents redislocation.

title: A modified Bristow procedure for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['anterior shoulder dislocation']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['anterior shoulder dislocation']


abstract: Culture conditions that lead to swelling and germination dramatically influence cell surface characteristics and properties of @entity54 conidia. Conidial adherence to @entity852 and agglutination markedly increased during swelling, in a time-dependent manner. Agglutination appeared to be sensitive to @entity1880 and @entity460 . Removal of cell wall polysaccharides by lyticase or @entity10283 suppressed agglutination of conidia. Proteinase K weakly decreased it whereas @entity3902 strongly dispersed the cells. These observations suggest that both cell surface @entity3363 and proteins are involved in the agglutination process. Electron microscopic observations demonstrated that the cell wall of conidia was subject to some rearrangements during swelling, involving degradation and loss of the external convoluted layer, and subsequent exposure of underlying ligands. This was confirmed using lectins labelled with gold or @entity2822 , which showed that some @entity3363 , particularly those acting as ligands for peanut agglutinin, are largely exposed during the process. Finally, @entity214 -PAGE revealed major protein changes between resting and swollen conidia. We conclude that the ability of A. fumigatus conidia to aggregate correlates with an increase in adherence and biochemical reorganization of the cell wall.

title: Cell surface properties of XXXX conidia: correlation between adherence, agglutination, and rearrangements of the cell wall.

entities_list: @entity10283 :: ('MESH:C009288', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium metaperiodate']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity328 is a @entity1 pathogen whose principal virulence factor is its capsule. This structure allows the bacterium to evade the @entity1 immune system. Treatment of @entity281 caused by this bacterium is based on antibiotics; however, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains makes this task increasingly difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate new therapies, such as those based on gold nanoparticles, for which unfortunately the mechanisms involved have not yet been investigated. As far as we know, this study is the first that attempts to explain how gold nanoparticles destroy the bacterium @entity328 . We found that the mean particle size was an important issue, and that the effect on the bacterium was dose-dependent. Cellular growth was inhibited by the presence of the nanoparticles, as was cell viability. The pH of the bacterial growth media was acidified, but interestingly the reactive species were not affected. A transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the presence of inclusion bodies of gold nanoparticles within the bacterium. We present the first findings that attempt to explain how gold nanoparticles lyse Gram-positive bacteria.

title: Inclusion bodies and pH lowering: as an effect of gold nanoparticles in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A group of 107 F1 hybrid @entity7136 was used to construct a linkage map using JoinMap 4.0. A total of 4877 microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers isolated from a genomic library (978 microsatellite and 3899 SNP markers) were assigned to construct the genetic map, which comprised 50 linkage groups. The total length of the linkage map for the @entity7136 was 4775.90 cM with an average distance between markers of 0.98 cM. Ten quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with eye diameter, corresponding to 10.5-57.2% of the total phenotypic variation. Twenty QTL were @entity5971 , contributing to 10.8-36.9% of the total phenotypic variation. Two QTL for eye diameter and four @entity5971 each accounted for more than 20% of the total phenotypic variation and were considered to be major QTL. One growth factor related to eye diameter was observed on LG10 of the @entity7136 genome, and three growth factors @entity5971 were observed on LG10, LG35, and LG44 of the @entity7136 genome. The significant positive @entity735 with other commercial traits suggests that eye @entity5971 can be used to assist in indirect selection for many commercial traits, particularly body weight. Thus, the growth factor for @entity5971 may also contribute to the growth of body weight, implying that aggregate breeding could have multiple effects. These findings provide information for future genetic studies and breeding of @entity7136 .

title: Genetic analysis of @entity735 in XXXX ( @entity7136 L.) using microsatellites and SNPs.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['relationship of eye cross and eye diameter']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['related to eye cross', 'eye cross', 'diameter and eye cross', 'QTL for eye cross']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['common carp']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A group of 107 F1 hybrid @entity7136 was used to construct a linkage map using JoinMap 4.0. A total of 4877 microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers isolated from a genomic library (978 microsatellite and 3899 SNP markers) were assigned to construct the genetic map, which comprised 50 linkage groups. The total length of the linkage map for the @entity7136 was 4775.90 cM with an average distance between markers of 0.98 cM. Ten quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with eye diameter, corresponding to 10.5-57.2% of the total phenotypic variation. Twenty QTL were @entity5971 , contributing to 10.8-36.9% of the total phenotypic variation. Two QTL for eye diameter and four @entity5971 each accounted for more than 20% of the total phenotypic variation and were considered to be major QTL. One growth factor related to eye diameter was observed on LG10 of the @entity7136 genome, and three growth factors @entity5971 were observed on LG10, LG35, and LG44 of the @entity7136 genome. The significant positive @entity735 with other commercial traits suggests that eye @entity5971 can be used to assist in indirect selection for many commercial traits, particularly body weight. Thus, the growth factor for @entity5971 may also contribute to the growth of body weight, implying that aggregate breeding could have multiple effects. These findings provide information for future genetic studies and breeding of @entity7136 .

title: Genetic analysis of @entity735 in @entity7136 ( XXXX L.) using microsatellites and SNPs.

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['Cyprinus carpio']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A group of 107 F1 hybrid @entity7136 was used to construct a linkage map using JoinMap 4.0. A total of 4877 microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers isolated from a genomic library (978 microsatellite and 3899 SNP markers) were assigned to construct the genetic map, which comprised 50 linkage groups. The total length of the linkage map for the @entity7136 was 4775.90 cM with an average distance between markers of 0.98 cM. Ten quantitative trait loci (QTL) were associated with eye diameter, corresponding to 10.5-57.2% of the total phenotypic variation. Twenty QTL were @entity5971 , contributing to 10.8-36.9% of the total phenotypic variation. Two QTL for eye diameter and four @entity5971 each accounted for more than 20% of the total phenotypic variation and were considered to be major QTL. One growth factor related to eye diameter was observed on LG10 of the @entity7136 genome, and three growth factors @entity5971 were observed on LG10, LG35, and LG44 of the @entity7136 genome. The significant positive @entity735 with other commercial traits suggests that eye @entity5971 can be used to assist in indirect selection for many commercial traits, particularly body weight. Thus, the growth factor for @entity5971 may also contribute to the growth of body weight, implying that aggregate breeding could have multiple effects. These findings provide information for future genetic studies and breeding of @entity7136 .

title: Genetic analysis of XXXX in @entity7136 ( @entity7136 L.) using microsatellites and SNPs.

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['QTL for eye cross and eye diameter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal sequence and extent of multimodality therapy remains to be defined for @entity4153 because of its rarity. The purpose of our study was to assess the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by chemoradiation/radiation in @entity1 with @entity4153 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four consecutively diagnosed @entity1 were included in this study. The primary @entity5 site was oropharynx in three @entity1 and esophagus in one. The @entity1 with the limited disease were treated with chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation (n=2) or radiotherapy (n=1). The @entity1 with the extensive disease with the primary site in vallecula was treated with chemotherapy and palliative radiotherapy to the metastatic site. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 22.5 months (range, 8-24 months). Three @entity1 with the limited disease (base of tongue, n=2; esophagus, n=1) were in complete remission. The @entity1 with the extensive disease died of loco-regional @entity5 progression at 8 months from the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the preferred therapeutic approach for @entity1 with @entity4153 . Induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation or radiation provides a good loco-regional control in @entity1 with limited disease.

title: XXXX - a Case Series of Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Primary Sites Treated with Chemo-Radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity4153 :: (MESH:D018288,Disease) :: ['Extrapulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although 3D image based brachytherapy is currently the standard of treatment in @entity5 , most of the centres in developing countries still practice orthogonal @entity4617 due to financial constraints. The quest for optimum dose and fractionation schedule in @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) @entity4617 ( @entity4617 ) is still ongoing. While the American Brachytherapy Society recommends four to eight fractions of each less than 7.5 Gy, there are some studies demonstrating similar efficacy and comparable @entity137 with higher doses per fraction. OBJECTIVE: To assess the treatment efficacy and late complications of @entity1168 @entity4617 with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective institutional study in Southern India carried on from 1st June 2012 to 31st July 2014. In this period, 76 @entity1 of @entity5 satisfying our inclusion criteria were treated with concurrent chemo-radiation following @entity4617 with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions, five to seven days apart. RESULTS: The median follow-up period in the study was 24 months (range 10.6 - 31.2 months). The 2 year actuarial local control rate, disease-free survival and overall survival were 88.1%, 84.2% and 81.8% respectively. Although 38.2% @entity1 suffered from late @entity137 , only 3 @entity1 had grade III late @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, @entity1168 brachytherapy with 9 Gy per fraction in two fractions is an effective dose fractionation for the treatment of @entity5 with acceptable @entity137 .

title: High Dose Rate Brachytherapy in Two 9 Gy Fractions in the Treatment of Locally Advanced XXXX - a South Indian Institutional Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['ICBT', 'intracavitary brachytherapy']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent reports have shown that @entity21158 is widely expressed in normal tissues and is down- regulated in a wide range of @entity1 @entity5 , suggesting it may act as a @entity5 suppressor gene. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the correlation between @entity21158 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A detailed literature search was made for relevant publications from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library databases, Web of Science, CNKI. The methodological quality of the studies was also evaluated. Analyses of pooled data were performed and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated and summarized. RESULTS: Final analysis was performed of 1,815 @entity5 @entity1 from 19 eligible studies. We observed that @entity21158 expression was significantly lower in @entity5 than in normal tissues. @entity21158 expression was not found to be associated with @entity5 differentiation status. However, @entity21158 expression was obviously lower in advance stage than in early-stage @entity5 and was more down-regulated in metastatic than non-metastatic @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of our meta-analysis suggested that @entity21158 expression is significantly lower in @entity5 than in normal tissues. Aberrant @entity21158 expression may play an important role in @entity5 genesis and @entity3 .

title: Clinicopathological Significance of XXXX Expression in Cancer: a Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity21158 :: (10395,Gene) :: ['DLC-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to examine the feasibility, efficiency and safety of adenovirus-mediated in vivo gene transfer into the @entity235 myocardium by a percutaneous transluminal method using a needle-catheter. METHODS: Either a replication-defective adenovirus (Adex1SRLacZL) or a plasmid (pSRLacZ), both expressing @entity526 lacZ coding beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), was directly injected into the left ventricle of @entity235 through a needle-catheter inserted via a femoral artery. Expression of lacZ was examined by histochemical staining and quantified by measuring beta-gal activity. RESULTS: Injections with Adex1SRLacZL induced lacZ expression as a result of 40 out of 41 injections; the expression level was 10 times higher than that obtained with pSRLacZ. Induced beta-gal activity was detected within 24 h, peaked at 7 days and retained for 2 weeks after gene transfer. A repetitive administration of the same adenovirus at 14 days after the first injection also evoked a reduced but significant level of expression despite neutralizing antibodies to adenovirus in serum. Although injection induced an inflammatory response that peaked at 3 days after injection and gradually subsided without a second peak, the temporal change and the extent of @entity32 induced by adenovirus injection was not significantly different from those induced by injection with either saline or plasmid. Neither leakage of enzymes such as CPK or LDH nor alteration in the ECG was detected in the 30 days following gene transfer. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that a catheter-mediated direct injection with an adenovirus can induce gene expression in the ventricle more efficiently without additional @entity296 and @entity32 compared with injection with a plasmid. A repeat dose of the same adenovirus elicited gene expression at an attenuated but significant level. This method may potentially have clinical applications: in modifying @entity296 and/or improving general circulation under certain circumstances.

title: Percutaneous transluminal gene transfer into XXXX myocardium in vivo by replication-defective adenovirus.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial phenotype', 'myocardial damage']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The organ preservation approach of choice for the treatment of locally advanced @entity135 is concurrent chemoradiation with three weekly high doses of @entity900 . Although this is an efficacious treatment policy, it has high @entity697 , which lead to frequent treatment breaks and increased overall treatment time. Hence, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiation using 40 mg/m2 weekly @entity900 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single institutional retrospective study including the data of 266 locally advanced @entity135 @entity1 who were treated with concurrent chemoradiation using 40 mg/m2 weekly @entity900 from January 2012 to January 2014. A p-value of < 0.05 was taken to be significant statistically for all purposes in the study. RESULTS: The mean age of the study @entity1 was 48.8 years. Some 36.1% of the @entity1 had oral cavity primary @entity5 . The mean overall treatment time was 57.2 days. With a mean follow up of 15.2 months for all study @entity1 and 17.5 months for survivors, 3 year local control, locoregional control and disease free survival were seen in 62.8%, 42.8% and 42.1% of the study @entity1 . Primary @entity5 site, nodal stage of disease, AJCC stage of the disease and number of cycles of weekly @entity900 demonstrated statistically significant correlations with 3 year local control, locoregional control and disease free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with moderate dose weekly @entity900 is an efficacious treatment regime for locally advanced @entity135 with tolerable @entity137 which can be used in developing countries with limited resources.

title: Weekly XXXX -Based Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Treatment of Locally Advanced @entity135 : a Single Institution Study.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute systemic and mucosal toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The organ preservation approach of choice for the treatment of locally advanced @entity135 is concurrent chemoradiation with three weekly high doses of @entity900 . Although this is an efficacious treatment policy, it has high @entity697 , which lead to frequent treatment breaks and increased overall treatment time. Hence, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiation using 40 mg/m2 weekly @entity900 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single institutional retrospective study including the data of 266 locally advanced @entity135 @entity1 who were treated with concurrent chemoradiation using 40 mg/m2 weekly @entity900 from January 2012 to January 2014. A p-value of < 0.05 was taken to be significant statistically for all purposes in the study. RESULTS: The mean age of the study @entity1 was 48.8 years. Some 36.1% of the @entity1 had oral cavity primary @entity5 . The mean overall treatment time was 57.2 days. With a mean follow up of 15.2 months for all study @entity1 and 17.5 months for survivors, 3 year local control, locoregional control and disease free survival were seen in 62.8%, 42.8% and 42.1% of the study @entity1 . Primary @entity5 site, nodal stage of disease, AJCC stage of the disease and number of cycles of weekly @entity900 demonstrated statistically significant correlations with 3 year local control, locoregional control and disease free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with moderate dose weekly @entity900 is an efficacious treatment regime for locally advanced @entity135 with tolerable @entity137 which can be used in developing countries with limited resources.

title: Weekly @entity900 -Based Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Treatment of Locally Advanced XXXX : a Single Institution Study.

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most of what we know about adipose tissue is restricted to observations derived after an overnight fast. However, @entity1 spend the majority of waking hours in a postprandial (fed) state, and it is unclear whether increasing @entity1386 impacts adipose tissue responses to feeding. The aim of this research was to investigate postprandial responses in adipose tissue across varying degrees of @entity1386 . METHODS: Thirty males aged 35-55  years with waist circumference 81-118  cm were divided equally into groups categorized as either lean, overweight or @entity28 . @entity1 consumed a meal and insulinaemic, glycaemic and lipidaemic responses were monitored over 6  h. Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained at baseline and after 6  h to examine changes in gene expression and adipose tissue secretion of various adipokines. RESULTS: Following consumption of the meal, @entity2690 and @entity413 responses were higher with increased @entity1386 (total AUC effects of group; p  =  0.058 and p  =  0.027, respectively). At 6  h, significant time effects reflected increases in @entity650 (F  =  14.7, p  =  0.001) and @entity2842 (F  =  10.7, p  =  0.003) and reduction in @entity21320 adipose tissue gene expression (F  =  24.6, p  <  0.001), all independent of @entity1386 . Ex vivo adipokine secretion from adipose tissue explants remained largely unchanged after feeding. CONCLUSIONS: Increased systemic measures of postprandial metabolism with greater @entity1386 do not translate into increased inflammatory responses within adipose tissue. Instead, postprandial adipose tissue changes may represent a normal response to feeding or a (relatively) normalized response with increased @entity1386 due to either similar net exposure (i.e. per g of adipose) or reduced adipose tissue responsiveness.

title: Adipose tissue metabolic and inflammatory responses to a mixed meal in lean, overweight and XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most of what we know about adipose tissue is restricted to observations derived after an overnight fast. However, @entity1 spend the majority of waking hours in a postprandial (fed) state, and it is unclear whether increasing @entity1386 impacts adipose tissue responses to feeding. The aim of this research was to investigate postprandial responses in adipose tissue across varying degrees of @entity1386 . METHODS: Thirty males aged 35-55  years with waist circumference 81-118  cm were divided equally into groups categorized as either lean, overweight or @entity28 . @entity1 consumed a meal and insulinaemic, glycaemic and lipidaemic responses were monitored over 6  h. Subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained at baseline and after 6  h to examine changes in gene expression and adipose tissue secretion of various adipokines. RESULTS: Following consumption of the meal, @entity2690 and @entity413 responses were higher with increased @entity1386 (total AUC effects of group; p  =  0.058 and p  =  0.027, respectively). At 6  h, significant time effects reflected increases in @entity650 (F  =  14.7, p  =  0.001) and @entity2842 (F  =  10.7, p  =  0.003) and reduction in @entity21320 adipose tissue gene expression (F  =  24.6, p  <  0.001), all independent of @entity1386 . Ex vivo adipokine secretion from adipose tissue explants remained largely unchanged after feeding. CONCLUSIONS: Increased systemic measures of postprandial metabolism with greater @entity1386 do not translate into increased inflammatory responses within adipose tissue. Instead, postprandial adipose tissue changes may represent a normal response to feeding or a (relatively) normalized response with increased @entity1386 due to either similar net exposure (i.e. per g of adipose) or reduced adipose tissue responsiveness.

title: Adipose tissue metabolic and inflammatory responses to a mixed meal in lean, overweight and @entity28 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and value of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous microwave ablation therapy (PMAT) for @entity2 without surgical treatment. A total of 39 lesions in 29 @entity1 with @entity2 were treated by CT-guided PMAT under local anesthesia. The microwave energy was 50-70 W at a frequency of 2450 MHz. The treatment was performed by using 1 or 2 points of ablation emission according to the size and shape of the @entity5 . Operations were completed in 29 @entity1 . The average operating time was 8 min (range: 5-12 min). After PMAT, lower density in the ablated area was observed by CT. Pre- and post-treatment CT values were 52.60 and 26.12 Hu, respectively. Eight, 14, 4, and 3 @entity1 achieved complete remission, partial remission, stable status, and progression, respectively, for an effectiveness rate of 75.86%. Complications included 5, 2, and 15 cases of pneumothorax, @entity1143 , and fever, respectively. No needle track implantation was observed. Mean progression-free survival was 14.6 months. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 91.3 and 82.6%, respectively. Thus, PMAT is a minimally invasive, safe, and effective treatment for @entity2 . It can improve quality of life, prolong survival, and improve the survival rate.

title: Computed tomography-guided percutaneous microwave ablation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies report systematic differences in how individuals categorize the severity of identical health and work limitation vignettes. We investigate how health professionals and disability recipients characterize the severity of work limitations and whether their reporting patterns are robust to demographic, education, and health characteristics. We use the results to illustrate the potential impact of reporting heterogeneity on the distribution of work disability estimated from self-reported categorical health and disability data. METHOD: Nationally representative data on anchoring disability vignettes from the 2004 @entity283 ( @entity283 ) are used to investigate how respondents with an occupation background in health and Social Security disability beneficiaries categorize work limitation vignettes. Using @entity158 , @entity65 , and @entity308 vignettes, we estimate generalized ordered probit models (N = 2,660 individuals or 39,681 @entity1 -vignette observations) that allow the severity thresholds to vary by respondent characteristics. RESULTS: We find that health professionals (excluding nurses) and disability recipients tend to classify identical work limitations as more severe compared to non-health professional non-disabled respondents. For disability recipients, the differences are most pronounced and particularly visible in the tails of the work limitations distribution. For health professionals, we observe smaller differences, affecting primarily the classification of mildly and moderately severe work limitations. The patterns for health professionals (excluding nurses) are robust to demographics, education, and health conditions. The greater likelihood of viewing the vignette @entity1 as more severely work limited observed among disability recipients is mostly explained by the fact that these respondents also tend to be in poorer health which itself predicts a more inclusive scale. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of reporting scales from health professionals and disabled individuals can benefit researchers in a broad range of applications in health and disability research. They may be useful as reference scales to evaluate disability survey data. Such knowledge may be beneficial when studying disability programs. Given the increasing availability of anchoring vignette data in surveys, this is a promising area for future evaluation research.

title: Anchoring Vignettes in the XXXX : How Do Medical Professionals and Disability Recipients Characterize the Severity of Work Limitations?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRS', 'Health and Retirement Study']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular health']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['Health and Retirement Study']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: All components of the endothelin (ET) system are present in renal tubular cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about ET and the most common tubular diseases: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) and @entity8 . @entity810 originally was called @entity4295 , pointing to the most prominent morphologic findings. Similarly, cysts in @entity8 , and especially in @entity8 , are of tubular origin. Preclinical studies have indicated that the ET system and particularly @entity2231 receptors are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity63 -reperfusion injury, although these findings have not been translated to clinical studies. The ET system also has been implicated in radiocontrast-dye-induced @entity810 , however, ET-receptor blockade in a large @entity1 study was not successful. The ET system is activated in @entity295 models of @entity810 ; the effectiveness of ET blocking agents in preclinical studies is variable depending on the model and the ET-receptor antagonist used. Numerous studies have shown that the ET system plays an important role in the complex pathophysiology associated with @entity8 . However, results from selective targeting of ET-receptor subtypes in animal models of @entity8 have proved disappointing and do not support clinical trials. These studies have shown that a critical balance between @entity2231 and @entity1627 receptor action is necessary to maintain structure and function in the @entity5409 . In summary, ETs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several renal @entity1986 , however, experimental animal findings have not yet led to use of ET blockers in @entity1 beings.

title: Endothelin and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease', 'autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'cyst formation and disease progression in polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic kidney']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial diseases']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Tubulointerstitial Renal Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Medical treatment of complicated @entity1143 or @entity3509 in @entity4806 patients includes antibiotics and @entity456 . Intrapleural fibrinolysis may facilitate @entity456 ; however, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal dosing regimen. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a large-dose intrapleural alteplase regimen in @entity4806 @entity1 . Secondarily, this investigation sought to differentiate the clinical characteristics of responders and non-responders to intrapleural alteplase therapy. METHODS: All @entity1 with parapneumonic effusions treated with intrapleural alteplase between June 2003 and December 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Efficacy was assessed by comparing chest tube output, in mL/hr and mL/kg/hr, for 24 hours before and after the first dose of alteplase. Additional efficacy outcomes included duration of in situ chest tubes, a need for surgical intervention for @entity1143 , and length of hospital stay. Safety was assessed by frequency and severity of adverse events. Non-responders and responders were compared based on demographic and disease characteristics. Responders were defined as @entity1 who did not require surgical intervention after intrapleural alteplase therapy. RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 , aged 0.5 to 22.5 years, received intrapleural alteplase to facilitate @entity456 . Median alteplase dose was 7 mg (range, 3 to 10 mg; median 0.38 mg/kg). Chest tube output increased from 10.7 to 24.2 mL/hr (p = 0.006), and median length of hospital stay was 9 days. Eighty-four percent of @entity1 were responders. The most common adverse events were @entity158 (20.5%) and @entity26 desaturation greater than 10% from baseline (16.4%). High-flow nasal cannula was the most common intervention for @entity26 desaturation to 80% to 90%. Nine @entity1 (12%) required a blood transfusion during the study. CONCLUSION: Large-dose intrapleural alteplase is effective in facilitating @entity456 in @entity4806 @entity1 with complicated @entity1143 or @entity3509 . Common adverse effects include @entity158 and @entity26 desaturation. The potential for bleeding warrants clinical monitoring.

title: Retrospective analysis of large-dose intrapleural alteplase for complicated XXXX @entity1143 and @entity3509 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'parapneumonic effusion']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural space drainage', 'pleural drainage']

answer: @entity4806 :: (MESH:D063766,Disease) :: ['pediatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Medical treatment of complicated @entity1143 or @entity3509 in @entity4806 patients includes antibiotics and @entity456 . Intrapleural fibrinolysis may facilitate @entity456 ; however, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal dosing regimen. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a large-dose intrapleural alteplase regimen in @entity4806 @entity1 . Secondarily, this investigation sought to differentiate the clinical characteristics of responders and non-responders to intrapleural alteplase therapy. METHODS: All @entity1 with parapneumonic effusions treated with intrapleural alteplase between June 2003 and December 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Efficacy was assessed by comparing chest tube output, in mL/hr and mL/kg/hr, for 24 hours before and after the first dose of alteplase. Additional efficacy outcomes included duration of in situ chest tubes, a need for surgical intervention for @entity1143 , and length of hospital stay. Safety was assessed by frequency and severity of adverse events. Non-responders and responders were compared based on demographic and disease characteristics. Responders were defined as @entity1 who did not require surgical intervention after intrapleural alteplase therapy. RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 , aged 0.5 to 22.5 years, received intrapleural alteplase to facilitate @entity456 . Median alteplase dose was 7 mg (range, 3 to 10 mg; median 0.38 mg/kg). Chest tube output increased from 10.7 to 24.2 mL/hr (p = 0.006), and median length of hospital stay was 9 days. Eighty-four percent of @entity1 were responders. The most common adverse events were @entity158 (20.5%) and @entity26 desaturation greater than 10% from baseline (16.4%). High-flow nasal cannula was the most common intervention for @entity26 desaturation to 80% to 90%. Nine @entity1 (12%) required a blood transfusion during the study. CONCLUSION: Large-dose intrapleural alteplase is effective in facilitating @entity456 in @entity4806 @entity1 with complicated @entity1143 or @entity3509 . Common adverse effects include @entity158 and @entity26 desaturation. The potential for bleeding warrants clinical monitoring.

title: Retrospective analysis of large-dose intrapleural alteplase for complicated @entity4806 @entity1143 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyema']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Medical treatment of complicated @entity1143 or @entity3509 in @entity4806 patients includes antibiotics and @entity456 . Intrapleural fibrinolysis may facilitate @entity456 ; however, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal dosing regimen. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a large-dose intrapleural alteplase regimen in @entity4806 @entity1 . Secondarily, this investigation sought to differentiate the clinical characteristics of responders and non-responders to intrapleural alteplase therapy. METHODS: All @entity1 with parapneumonic effusions treated with intrapleural alteplase between June 2003 and December 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Efficacy was assessed by comparing chest tube output, in mL/hr and mL/kg/hr, for 24 hours before and after the first dose of alteplase. Additional efficacy outcomes included duration of in situ chest tubes, a need for surgical intervention for @entity1143 , and length of hospital stay. Safety was assessed by frequency and severity of adverse events. Non-responders and responders were compared based on demographic and disease characteristics. Responders were defined as @entity1 who did not require surgical intervention after intrapleural alteplase therapy. RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 , aged 0.5 to 22.5 years, received intrapleural alteplase to facilitate @entity456 . Median alteplase dose was 7 mg (range, 3 to 10 mg; median 0.38 mg/kg). Chest tube output increased from 10.7 to 24.2 mL/hr (p = 0.006), and median length of hospital stay was 9 days. Eighty-four percent of @entity1 were responders. The most common adverse events were @entity158 (20.5%) and @entity26 desaturation greater than 10% from baseline (16.4%). High-flow nasal cannula was the most common intervention for @entity26 desaturation to 80% to 90%. Nine @entity1 (12%) required a blood transfusion during the study. CONCLUSION: Large-dose intrapleural alteplase is effective in facilitating @entity456 in @entity4806 @entity1 with complicated @entity1143 or @entity3509 . Common adverse effects include @entity158 and @entity26 desaturation. The potential for bleeding warrants clinical monitoring.

title: Retrospective analysis of large-dose intrapleural alteplase for complicated @entity4806 XXXX and @entity3509 .

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['parapneumonic effusion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Ductoscopy is a low invasive method enabling the diagnostics of @entity75 in breasts. Fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) is important in the diagnosis of @entity1 with pathological nipple discharge. There are attempts to apply FDS in @entity1 with @entity0 without the presence of nipple discharge. AIM: To assess fiberoptic ductoscopy in the diagnostics of @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material was composed of a group of 164 @entity1 treated for @entity75 in breasts. In the analyzed group of @entity1 , FDS was conducted in 128 @entity1 with pathological nipple discharge and 36 @entity1 with the presence of @entity0 . The analyzed period was divided into three sub-periods. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive value (NPV) of FDS examination verified by post-operative histopathological examination were analyzed. The safety of the method was also assessed, taking into consideration the complications. RESULTS: An increasing number of successful ductoscopies together with the number of performed FDS examinations was noted. There were statistically significant differences in the percentage of successful cannulations in relation to the number of performed FDS examinations in the three subsequent stages of the project (p = 0.011). The duration of FDS examination in the third period was reduced in comparison with the first and second period (p < 0.001). Sensitivity of fiberoptic ductoscopy is 68.1%, specificity 77.3% and @entity2286 90.4%, but NPV is 44.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of fiberoptic ductoscopy in our clinic has contributed to the widening of the diagnostic possibilities of small intraductal lesions of the mammary gland.

title: The significance of ductoscopy of mammary ducts in the diagnostics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast neoplasms']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast neoplasms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Three BRI protein family members have been identified. Among these are @entity9761 and @entity13017 , the latter is associated with Familial Danish and Familial British @entity303 . 'In silico' sequence analysis identified putative @entity13977 binding sites in @entity13017 and @entity9761 . This is singularly important, given that protein phosphorylation is a major mechanism regulating intracellular processes. @entity13977 ( @entity13977 ) interacting proteins (PIPs) are fundamental in determining substrate specificity and subcellular localization of this phosphatase. More than 200 PIPs have thus far been reported. Both @entity13017 and @entity9761 are type II transmembrane glycoproteins relevant in neuronal systems. Using Myc- @entity13017 and Myc- @entity9761 , wild type and @entity13977 binding mutant constructs, it was possible to show, for the first time, that in fact @entity13017 and @entity9761 bind @entity13977 . The complexes @entity13017 : @entity13977 and @entity9761 : @entity13977 were validated in vitro and in vivo. The subcellular distribution of @entity13017 and @entity9761 is similar; both localize to the perinuclear area and Golgi apparatus in non-neuronal cells. However, in SH-SY5Y cells, @entity13017 and @entity9761 could also be detected in elongated cellular projections ('processes') and in @entity35 cortical neurons both are broadly distributed throughout the cell body, @entity5013 and the nucleus. Consistently, co-localization of @entity13017 and @entity9761 with @entity13977 was evident. The functional significance of these complexes is apparent given that both BRI proteins are substrates of @entity13977 , thus simultaneously this is the first report of @entity13017 and @entity9761 as phosphoproteins. Moreover, we show that when @entity13017 is phosphorylated a significant increase in neuronal outgrowth and differentiation is evident. Interestingly, the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP), forms a trimeric complex composed of @entity13977 and Fe65, with @entity13977 having the capacity to dephosphorylate APP at Thr668 residue. The emerging consensus appears to be that @entity13977 containing complexes are crucial in regulating signaling events underlying neuropathological conditions.

title: XXXX and @entity9761 are functionally distinct phosphoproteins.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias']

entities_list: @entity13977 :: ('5464', 'Gene') :: ['PP1', 'Protein phosphatase 1']

answer: @entity13017 :: (9445,Gene) :: ['BRI2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Three BRI protein family members have been identified. Among these are @entity9761 and @entity13017 , the latter is associated with Familial Danish and Familial British @entity303 . 'In silico' sequence analysis identified putative @entity13977 binding sites in @entity13017 and @entity9761 . This is singularly important, given that protein phosphorylation is a major mechanism regulating intracellular processes. @entity13977 ( @entity13977 ) interacting proteins (PIPs) are fundamental in determining substrate specificity and subcellular localization of this phosphatase. More than 200 PIPs have thus far been reported. Both @entity13017 and @entity9761 are type II transmembrane glycoproteins relevant in neuronal systems. Using Myc- @entity13017 and Myc- @entity9761 , wild type and @entity13977 binding mutant constructs, it was possible to show, for the first time, that in fact @entity13017 and @entity9761 bind @entity13977 . The complexes @entity13017 : @entity13977 and @entity9761 : @entity13977 were validated in vitro and in vivo. The subcellular distribution of @entity13017 and @entity9761 is similar; both localize to the perinuclear area and Golgi apparatus in non-neuronal cells. However, in SH-SY5Y cells, @entity13017 and @entity9761 could also be detected in elongated cellular projections ('processes') and in @entity35 cortical neurons both are broadly distributed throughout the cell body, @entity5013 and the nucleus. Consistently, co-localization of @entity13017 and @entity9761 with @entity13977 was evident. The functional significance of these complexes is apparent given that both BRI proteins are substrates of @entity13977 , thus simultaneously this is the first report of @entity13017 and @entity9761 as phosphoproteins. Moreover, we show that when @entity13017 is phosphorylated a significant increase in neuronal outgrowth and differentiation is evident. Interestingly, the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP), forms a trimeric complex composed of @entity13977 and Fe65, with @entity13977 having the capacity to dephosphorylate APP at Thr668 residue. The emerging consensus appears to be that @entity13977 containing complexes are crucial in regulating signaling events underlying neuropathological conditions.

title: @entity13017 and XXXX are functionally distinct phosphoproteins.

answer: @entity9761 :: (25798,Gene) :: ['BRI3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a widely used adjunctive treatment option for intractable @entity302 . Most studies have demonstrated short-term @entity410 outcomes, usually for up to 5years, and thus far, none have reported psychosocial outcomes in adults. We aimed to assess long-term @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes in @entity1 with intractable @entity302 on VNS therapy for more than 15years. We identified @entity1 who had VNS implantation for treatment of intractable @entity302 from 1997 to 2013 at our Comprehensive @entity302 Program and gathered demographics including age at @entity302 onset and VNS implantation, @entity302 type, number of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) and @entity410 frequency before VNS implantation and at the last clinic visit, and the most recent stimulation parameters from electronic medical records (EMR). Phone surveys were conducted by research assistants from May to November 2014 to determine @entity1 ' current @entity410 frequency and psychosocial metrics, including driving, employment status, and use of antidepressants. @entity410 outcomes were based on modified Engel classification (I: @entity410 -free/rare simple partial @entity410 ; II: >90% @entity410 reduction (SR), III: 50-90% SR, IV: <50% SR; classes I to III (>50% SR)=favorable outcome). A total of 207 @entity1 underwent VNS implantation, 15 of whom were deceased at the time of the phone survey, and 40 had incomplete data for medical abstraction. Of the remaining 152, 90 (59%) were contacted and completed the survey. Of these, 51% were male, with the mean age at @entity302 onset of 9.4years (range: birth to 60years). There were 35 (39%) @entity1 with @entity302 , 19 (21%) with temporal, 18 (20%) with symptomatic generalized, 5 (6%) with idiopathic generalized, and 13 (14%) with multiple types. Final VNS settings showed 16 (18%) @entity1 with an output current >2mA and 14 (16%) with rapid cycling. Of the 80 @entity1 with @entity410 frequency information, 16 (20%) had a modified Engel class I outcome, 14 (18%) had class II, 24 (30%) had class III, and 26 (33%) had class IV. Eighty percent said having VNS was worthwhile. Among the 90 @entity1 , 43 @entity1 were >= 18years old without @entity245 in whom psychosocial outcomes were further analyzed. There was a decrease in the number of @entity1 driving (31% vs 14%, p=0.052) and working (44% vs 35%, p=0.285) and an increase in the number of patients using antidepressant medication (14% vs 28%, p=0.057) at the time of survey compared to before VNS. In this subset, @entity1 with >50% SR (60%) were taking significantly fewer @entity734 at the time of survey compared to @entity1 with unfavorable outcomes (median: 3 vs 4, p=0.045). The associations of >50% SR with the psychosocial outcomes of driving, employment, and antidepressant use were not significant, although 77% of this subset said VNS was worthwhile. This is the first study that assesses both @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes, and demonstrates favorable @entity410 outcomes of >50% SR in 68% of @entity1 and @entity410 freedom in 20% of @entity1 . A large majority of @entity1 (80%) considered VNS therapy worthwhile regardless of @entity302 type and psychosocial outcomes.

title: Long-term XXXX and psychosocial outcomes of vagus nerve stimulation for intractable @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['extratemporal epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['antiepilepsy drugs', 'AEDs']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a widely used adjunctive treatment option for intractable @entity302 . Most studies have demonstrated short-term @entity410 outcomes, usually for up to 5years, and thus far, none have reported psychosocial outcomes in adults. We aimed to assess long-term @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes in @entity1 with intractable @entity302 on VNS therapy for more than 15years. We identified @entity1 who had VNS implantation for treatment of intractable @entity302 from 1997 to 2013 at our Comprehensive @entity302 Program and gathered demographics including age at @entity302 onset and VNS implantation, @entity302 type, number of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) and @entity410 frequency before VNS implantation and at the last clinic visit, and the most recent stimulation parameters from electronic medical records (EMR). Phone surveys were conducted by research assistants from May to November 2014 to determine @entity1 ' current @entity410 frequency and psychosocial metrics, including driving, employment status, and use of antidepressants. @entity410 outcomes were based on modified Engel classification (I: @entity410 -free/rare simple partial @entity410 ; II: >90% @entity410 reduction (SR), III: 50-90% SR, IV: <50% SR; classes I to III (>50% SR)=favorable outcome). A total of 207 @entity1 underwent VNS implantation, 15 of whom were deceased at the time of the phone survey, and 40 had incomplete data for medical abstraction. Of the remaining 152, 90 (59%) were contacted and completed the survey. Of these, 51% were male, with the mean age at @entity302 onset of 9.4years (range: birth to 60years). There were 35 (39%) @entity1 with @entity302 , 19 (21%) with temporal, 18 (20%) with symptomatic generalized, 5 (6%) with idiopathic generalized, and 13 (14%) with multiple types. Final VNS settings showed 16 (18%) @entity1 with an output current >2mA and 14 (16%) with rapid cycling. Of the 80 @entity1 with @entity410 frequency information, 16 (20%) had a modified Engel class I outcome, 14 (18%) had class II, 24 (30%) had class III, and 26 (33%) had class IV. Eighty percent said having VNS was worthwhile. Among the 90 @entity1 , 43 @entity1 were >= 18years old without @entity245 in whom psychosocial outcomes were further analyzed. There was a decrease in the number of @entity1 driving (31% vs 14%, p=0.052) and working (44% vs 35%, p=0.285) and an increase in the number of patients using antidepressant medication (14% vs 28%, p=0.057) at the time of survey compared to before VNS. In this subset, @entity1 with >50% SR (60%) were taking significantly fewer @entity734 at the time of survey compared to @entity1 with unfavorable outcomes (median: 3 vs 4, p=0.045). The associations of >50% SR with the psychosocial outcomes of driving, employment, and antidepressant use were not significant, although 77% of this subset said VNS was worthwhile. This is the first study that assesses both @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes, and demonstrates favorable @entity410 outcomes of >50% SR in 68% of @entity1 and @entity410 freedom in 20% of @entity1 . A large majority of @entity1 (80%) considered VNS therapy worthwhile regardless of @entity302 type and psychosocial outcomes.

title: Long-term @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes of vagus nerve stimulation for intractable XXXX .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: AIM: To assess the role of @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) for the treatment of highly complex @entity703 . METHODS: Overall, 96 Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical (PADUA) classification score 10 to 13 @entity703 were treated with @entity1538 at our institution. All conventional perioperative variables, surgical, functional and oncological results were gathered in a prospectively maintained database. Survival curves were generated using a Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis assessed the outcome differences. RESULTS: Mean (  1s.d.) clinical @entity5 diameter was 4.8 (  1.6  cm). 70.8% of @entity1 had >= cT1b stage. The PADUA score was recorded as 10, 11, 12 and 13 in 57.3%, 29.2%, 11.5%, and 2.1% of @entity5 respectively. Overall, 76 @entity1 were treated with an open approach and 20 robotically. Mean warm @entity63 time (WIT) was 19.2  min, and WIT greater than 25  min occurred in 14.6% of cases. Positive surgical margin (PSM) rate was 3.6% and trifecta was achieved in 64.3% of @entity1 . @entity260 occurred in 24% of @entity1 , with 14.6% Clavien-Dindo grade 1-2, 8.3% grade 3, and 1% grade 4. Five-year cancer specific survival (CSS), recurrent free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) rates resulted 96.1%, 90.8% and 88.0%, respectively. Overall, 4.2% of @entity1 experienced @entity74 . At follow-up, the mean decrease of @entity470 from preoperative value was 13.9  ml/min. This was not significantly correlated with PADUA score (p  =  0.69). The surgical approach was neither a predictor of Trifecta outcome, nor of @entity260 , WIT >25  min or PSM rate. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1538 is an effective treatment for @entity703 , with a potential key role to widen the NSS (nephron sparing surgery) indications according to guidelines.

title: Simple enucleation for the treatment of highly complex XXXX : Perioperative, functional and oncological results.

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'simple enucleation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative surgical complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['highly-complex renal tumors', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reproductive events are associated with important physiologic changes, yet little is known about how reproductive factors influence long-term health in @entity1 . Our objective was to assess the relation of reproductive characteristics with all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk. METHODS: The analysis was performed within the European Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition prospective cohort study, which enrolled >500,000 @entity1 and @entity1 from 1992 to 2000, who were residing in a given town/geographic area in 10 European countries. The current analysis included 322,972 eligible @entity1 aged 25-70 years with 99  % complete follow-up for vital status. We assessed reproductive characteristics reported at the study baseline including parity, age at the first birth, breastfeeding, @entity249 , oral contraceptive use, age at menarche and menopause, total ovulatory years, and history of oophorectomy/hysterectomy. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95  % confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for menopausal status, body mass index, physical activity, education level, and smoking status/intensity and duration. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 12.9  years, 14,383 @entity204 occurred. The HR (95  % CI) for risk of all-cause mortality was lower in parous versus nulliparous @entity1 (0.80; 0.76-0.84), in @entity1 who had ever versus never breastfed (0.92; 0.87-0.97), in ever versus never users of oral contraceptives (among non-smokers; 0.90; 0.86-0.95), and in @entity1 reporting a later age at menarche (>= 15  years versus <12; 0.90; 0.85-0.96; P for trend   =   0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Childbirth, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use, and a later age at menarche were associated with better health outcomes. These findings may contribute to the development of improved strategies to promote better long-term health in @entity1 .

title: Reproductive factors and risk of mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition; a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the growth and speech outcomes in @entity1 who were operated on for @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) by a single surgeon using two different treatment protocols. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 200 consecutive @entity1 with nonsyndromic @entity3384 were randomly allocated to two different treatment protocols. Of the 200 @entity1 , 179 completed the protocol. However, only 85 @entity1 presented for follow-up during the mixed dentition period (7-10 years of age). The  following treatment protocol was followed. Protocol 1 consisted of the vomer flap (VF), whereby @entity1 underwent primary lip nose repair and vomer flap for hard palate single-layer closure, followed by soft palate repair 6 months later; Protocol 2 consisted of the two-flap technique (TF), whereby the @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) was repaired by two-flap technique after primary lip and nose repair. GOSLON Yardstick scores for dental arch relation, and speech outcomes based on universal reporting parameters, were noted. RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity1 in the VF group and 45 in the TF group completed the treatment protocols. The GOSLON scores showed marginally better outcomes in the VF group compared to the TF group. Statistically significant differences were found only in two speech parameters, with better outcomes in the TF group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed marginally better growth outcome in the VF group compared to the TF group. However, the speech outcomes were better in the TF group.

title: A randomized controlled trial comparing two techniques for XXXX : Growth and speech outcomes during mixed dentition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['UCLP', 'unilateral cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['unilateral cleft lip and palate']


abstract: @entity406 (FA), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, has long been suspected of having male reproductive @entity137 . However, FA male reproductive @entity137 was inconclusive due to dearth of @entity1 studies. Therefore, we sought to investigate whether occupational exposure to FA affects semen quality. Semen quality including five conventional parameters and seven kinematics parameters were compared between 114 male workers occupationally exposed to FA and 76 referents. FA exposure index (FEI) was measured and calculated. Our results showed that sperm progressive motility, @entity1319 , @entity10274 , VSL and VAP were statistically significant decreased in FA exposure workers compared with the referents. Moreover, FEI was significantly negative associated with sperm progressive motility (b   =   -0.19, P   =   0.01) and @entity1319 (b   =   -0.23, P   =   0.004). In addition, a significant elevated risk of abnormal sperm progressive motility were observed in both low- (OR   =   2.58; 95%   CI: 1.11-5.97) and high-FA-exposed group (OR   =   3.41; 95%   CI: 1.45-7.92) respectively. Furthermore, a significant increased risk was also estimated for abnormal @entity1319 in both low- (OR   =   3.21; 95%   CI: 1.24-8.28) and high-FA-exposed group (OR   =   4.84; 95%   CI: 1.83-12.81) respectively. In conclusion, our study revealed the adverse effects of FA occupation exposure on semen quality, especially on sperm motion parameters.

title: Associations between occupation exposure to XXXX and semen quality, a primary study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['total sperm motility']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['Formaldehyde']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Intraoperative reduction of low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis (LGLS) remains disputed. There is currently no published data comparing midterm outcomes of reduction versus in situ fusion. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare mid-term clinical, radiological, and perioperative outcomes for reduction versus in situ fusion in LGLS with @entity1109 . STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A retrospective review of prospectively collected spine registry data in a single institution was carried out. @entity1 SAMPLE: All @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) for LGLS with @entity1109 with a minimum 5-year follow-up comprised the @entity1 sample. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported measures were @entity717 Index, North American Spine Society Neurogenic Symptom Score, Health Outcomes Survey Short Form-36 score, and Numerical Pain Rating Scale (back and leg @entity158 ). Radiological outcomes were fusion grading, @entity528 ( @entity528 ), and implant failure or loosening. Perioperative outcomes were fluoroscopic time, operative time, intraoperative @entity190 , opioid analgesia usage, time to ambulation, duration of hospitalization, and complication rate. Functional outcomes were @entity1 satisfaction rate and rate of return to full function. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on prospectively collected registry data of @entity1 undergoing MIS TLIF for LGLS with @entity1109 , from 2004 to 2009. The operative technique and postoperative protocol were standardized. Two groups were formed based on complete reduction of the spondylolisthesis (reduction group [RG]) or the lack thereof (non-reduction group [NRG]) in the immediate postoperative radiograph. Outcomes at baseline, 6 months, 2 years, and 5 years postsurgery were compared. RESULTS: There were 56 @entity1 included (RG=30, NRG=26). The two groups had comparable baseline characteristics: demographics, body mass index, spondylolisthesis etiology, spinal level involved, bone graft and bone morphogenetic protein used, and all self-reported outcome measures. Perioperative outcomes were not significantly different. The early complication rate (RG=3.3%, NRG=19.2%, p=.086) and late complication rate (RG=10%, NRG=23.1%, p=.184) were similar. All @entity1 achieved Bridwell grade 1 fusion from 2 years onward. @entity528 rate at 5 years was similar (RG=10%, NRG=0%, p=NS). Both groups showed significant postoperative improvement in all self-reported measures with no significant differences between the two groups at all follow-up points. Functional outcomes were equivalent. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative reduction does not improve outcomes in LGLS with @entity1109 after MIS TLIF. Adequate decompression and solid fusion are likely the keys to good mid-term outcomes.

title: Intraoperative reduction does not result in better outcomes in low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis with XXXX after minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion-a 5-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['adjacent segment degeneration', 'Adjacent segment degeneration', 'ASD']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['neurogenic symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature concerning stricture secondary to @entity4436 is poor. Stricture in this setting should be an indication for surgery because (a) of the potential risk of @entity5 and (b) morbidity is not increased compared to other indications for colectomy. The goal of this report is to study the post-surgical morbidity and the quality of life in @entity1 after sigmoidectomy for sigmoid stricture associated with @entity66 . METHOD: This is a monocenter retrospective observational study including @entity1 with a preoperative diagnosis of sigmoid stricture associated with @entity66 undergoing operation between Jan 1, 2007 and Dec 31, 2013. The GastroIntestinal Quality of Life Index was used to assess @entity1 satisfaction. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were included of which nine were female. Median age was 69.5 (46-84) and the median body mass index was 23.55kg/m(2) (17.2-28.4). Elective sigmoidectomy was performed in all 16 @entity1 . Overall, complications occurred in five @entity1 (31.2%) (4 minor complications and 1 major complication according to the Dindo and Clavien Classification); none resulted in @entity204 . Pathology identified two @entity420 (12.5%). The mean GastroIntestinal Quality of Life Index was 122 (67-144) and 10/11 @entity1 were satisfied with their surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: Sigmoid stricture prevents endoscopic exploration of the entire colon and thus it may prove difficult to rule out a @entity5 . Surgery does not impair the quality of life since morbidity is similar to other indications for sigmoidectomy. For these reasons, we recommend that stricture associated with @entity66 should be an indication for sigmoidectomy including lymph node clearance.

title: Sigmoid stricture associated with XXXX should be an indication for elective surgery with lymph node clearance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['diverticular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity39 ( @entity39 ) is usually an @entity697 with rapid progression in around soft tissue. If not promptly recognized and aggressively treated @entity39 usualy leads to @entity295 and @entity177 with fatal outcome, thus early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment are crucial for healing of these @entity1 . The aim of this article was to evaluate the clinical presentation of all @entity1 with acute @entity39 diagnosed and treated in surgical clinics of Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 treated for acute @entity39 localized on a different parts of the body in Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia, during a 5-year period (from January 2008 to December 2012) were retrospectively evaluated. This study enrolled @entity1 admitted via Emergency Center of Vojvodina with the diagnosis of acute @entity39 either as the primary diagnosis or with the diagnosis at discharge after surgical treatment. RESULTS: During a 5-year period there were 216 @entity1 with final diagnosis of acute @entity39 . Most of our @entity1 (140-64.81%) were admitted with the initial diagnosis of @entity2688 , abscesses, phlegmons or @entity295 . Unfortunately, the clinical symptoms of acute @entity39 were atypical at time of initial examination. @entity158 and swelling of the affected localization were the most presented bias of symptoms (183-84.72%). The majority of our @entity1 were male (164-75.92%). Among the 216 @entity1 , the most common pre-existing single factor was drug abuse (39-18.05%), followed by @entity28 (38-17.59%) and @entity6 (31-14.35%). @entity130 was most common etiological factor (22-10.8%) in infected wounds, followed by abdominal (15-6.94%) and orthopedic (11-5.09%) surgical intervention. In the present study idiopathic acute @entity39 was diagnosed in 22 (10.18%) @entity1 and more than one etiological factor were diagnosed in 20 (9.25%) @entity1 . The majority of our pa- tients had type I acute @entity39 (172-79.62%) with Streptococcal species as the most common microorganism (125-71.02%). The most common localization was an extremity (151-69.90%). The minority of our @entity1 had head and neck lo- calization of infection (7-3.24%). Surgical treatment was performed in all the @entity1 and most of them (183-84.72%) received the first surgery within 24 h. Other @entity1 (23-10.64%) received operation after stabilization of general status or after getting the diagnosis of acute @entity39 (unclear diagnosis on admission). During hospitalization, the most common complication among our @entity1 was @entity295 (156-72.22%). The mortality rate was 14.35%. CONCLUSION: Acute @entity39 is a rare but very difficult and sometimes life-threatening disease of superficial fascia and around soft tissue. If acute @entity39 is suspected, early radical excision of all the affected tissue with exploration and excision of superficial fascia with pathological and microbiological assessment are most significant for treatment. Appropriate antibiotics and intensive care set ting to manage other organ failure of @entity39 are recommended at the same time with surgery.

title: A 5-year retrospective analysis of XXXX --a single center experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection of superficial fascia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['NF', 'Necrotizing fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotizing fasciitis']


abstract: 1. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are involved in the development of @entity296 during ischaemia through the release of free @entity26 radicals and by adhesion of activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils to endothelium, resulting in plugging of coronary capillaries. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation may be a result of contact with ligands expressed by endothelial cells and/or a response to soluble stimuli released from ischaemic tissue to the plasma. 2. To investigate this we studied plasma-mediated polymorphonuclear neutrophil activation in vitro using plasma samples collected from 14 @entity1 with @entity583 at time of admission and 6 h and 1, 2, 5 and 7 days later. Plasma samples were incubated with washed polymorphonuclear neutrophils isolated from healthy donors. Expression of adhesion molecules @entity1454 / @entity9536 integrin and @entity1196 ( @entity1196 ) were measured by flow cytometry and @entity224 anion production in polymorphonuclear neutrophils was measured by chemiluminescence. 3. Plasma samples obtained 6 h and 1 day after admission were capable of inducing @entity1454 / @entity9536 antigen expression, @entity224 anion production and @entity1196 shedding in the washed polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and this effect was significant when compared with plasma taken at 5 and 7 days after admission. 4. The plasma-mediated polymorphonuclear neutrophil stimulation was prevented when the PMN were pretreated with platelet-activating factor receptor antagonists @entity3766 or @entity50549 . The platelet-activating factor concentrations detected in the plasma samples were not higher than those detected in plasma from healthy subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasma-mediated neutrophil activation during XXXX : role of platelet-activating factor.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: In this paper we determine whether individual and family psychosocial functioning predicts the risk for recurrent acute @entity6 complications. An onset-cohort of 61 @entity1 and adolescents with Type 1 @entity6 received conventional @entity6 care. Episodes of @entity1270 and of severe @entity4053 were recorded for 8 years, and glycaemic control was measured by glycohaemoglobin. Measures of psychosocial functioning of the @entity1 and parents were obtained during the first year. Over 8 years, 28% of subjects had at least one episode of @entity1270 , and 21% had at least one episode of hypoglycaemia. The odds of observing recurrent hypoglycaemia versus recurrent @entity1270 was 14 times greater in @entity1 than in @entity1 (Fisher's exact test p < 0.05). @entity1 with recurrent @entity1270 had more behaviour problems and lower social competence, they reported higher levels of family conflict, and their parents reported lower levels of family cohesion, expressiveness and organization in year one. These relationships were independent of any association with poor glycaemic control. Recurrent hypoglycaemia in @entity1 was generally unrelated to individual and family functioning or glycohaemoglobin. Despite our small sample size, our findings are suggestive of relationships that may lead to early identification of @entity1 who are prone to recurrent @entity1270 , and to the development of early intervention strategies.

title: Psychosocial predictors of acute complications of XXXX in youth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']