abstract: Three experiments examined psychological factors which inhibit pituitary-adrenal activity in 12-, 16-, and 20-day-old @entity35 . @entity1 @entity35 were placed in heated novel test arenas for 30 min--a treatment which increases @entity2819 secretion--and were presented with different appetitive stimuli in order to determine whether these stimuli inhibit this increased hormone secretion. The first experiment was a factorial combination of two conditions: suckling an anesthetized dam and milk ingestion through an intraoral cannula. At all ages, suckling inhibited @entity2819 secretion but milk ingestion did not, nor was there an interaction of these factors. In the second experiment, the importance of suckling was assessed by allowing pups' contact with an anesthetized dam either with or without the opportunity to suckle. At all ages, contact with suckling and contact alone were equally effective in inhibiting @entity2819 secretion. The third experiment asked whether contact with a lactating female is necessary for pituitary-adrenal inhibition or whether more distal cues associated with lactation are sufficient. Pups were tested under one of four treatments formed by a 2(Lactating vs. Virgin Female) X 2(Contact vs. No Contact) factorial design. At all ages inhibition of @entity2819 secretion occurred only in animals which were allowed contact with an anesthetized female. Lactating and virgin females were equally effective for the 12- and 16-day-old pups, but contact with a virgin female was less effective for the 20-day-old pups. These findings indicate that neuroendocrine mechanisms subserving inhibition of the pituitary-adrenal system exist during the preweanling period in the @entity35 , and suggest the possibility of maternal regulation of this physiological system during development.

title: Maternal contact inhibits pituitary-adrenal stress responses in preweanling XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether timing of @entity1397 cessation influences outcome after abdominal operations. METHODS: A review was performed of 104 @entity1 receiving @entity1397 who underwent abdominal operations between March 2003 and March 2009. @entity1 were grouped by last @entity1397 use: group A (<7 days) and group B (>= 7 days). RESULTS: Of 104 @entity1 , 43 were in group A and 61 were in group B. Overall, 6 @entity204 occurred (group A, 5 @entity1 [12%] vs group B, 1 [2%]; P  =  .03) and 27 @entity1 required intensive care unit admission (group A, 16 @entity1 [37%] vs group B, 11 [18%]; P  =  .03). Twenty-one @entity1 developed a @entity260 ; 19 complications were managed by blood transfusion and 2 required reoperation. Group A vs group B had significantly increased rates of @entity86 requiring blood transfusion (13 @entity1 [30%] vs 8 [13%]; P  =  .03). No significant difference in @entity86 resulting in reoperation or mortality was demonstrated. Timing of @entity1397 cessation within 7 days did not affect @entity86 risk. Eighty-nine @entity1 (86%) underwent elective operations (group A, 30 @entity1 [70%] vs group B, 59 [97%]; P  <  .001). While elective @entity1 in group A vs those in group B demonstrated a trend toward increased risk of @entity86 requiring transfusion (7 @entity1 [23%] vs 8 [14%]; P  =  .25), no significant difference in intensive care unit admission (group A, 6 @entity1 [20%] vs group B, 9 [15%]; P  =  .31) or mortality (1 [3%] vs 1 [2%]; P  =  .62) was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity1397 use within 7 days of an operation significantly increased the risk of @entity86 , most @entity548 episodes were successfully managed by transfusion without an increase in @entity548 -related mortality or necessity for reoperation. After controlling for operative urgency, no significant difference in mortality or intensive care unit admission was demonstrated in @entity1 undergoing elective procedures. High-risk @entity1 undergoing elective operations may not require preoperative @entity1397 cessation. When @entity1397 cessation is warranted, 7 days before the procedure is recommended. Perioperative risk does not vary by timing of cessation within 7 days of an operation.

title: Cessation of XXXX before major abdominal procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel bisulfate']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding complication']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: We report the isolation and characterization of a new @entity4166 hyper-nodulation mutant, designated sunn (super numeric nodules). Similar to the previously described @entity1786 -insensitive mutant sickle, sunn exhibits a 10-fold increase in the number of nodules within the primary nodulation zone. Despite this general similarity, these two mutants are readily distinguished based on anatomical, genetic, physiological, and molecular criteria. In contrast to sickle, where insensitivity to @entity1786 is thought to be causal to the hyper-nodulation phenotype (R.V. Penmetsa, D.R. Cook [1997] Science 275: 527-530), nodulation in sunn is normally sensitive to @entity1786 . Nevertheless, sunn exhibits seedling root growth that is insensitive to @entity1786 , although other aspects of the @entity1786 triple response are normal; these observations suggest that hormonal responses might condition the sunn phenotype in a manner distinct from sickle. The two mutants also differ in the anatomy of the nodulation zone: Successful @entity281 and nodule development in sunn occur predominantly opposite xylem poles, similar to wild type. In sickle, however, both @entity281 and nodulation occur randomly throughout the circumference of the developing root. Genetic analysis indicates that sunn and sickle correspond to separate and unlinked loci, whereas the sunn/skl double mutant exhibits a novel and additive super-nodulation phenotype. Taken together, these results suggest a working hypothesis wherein sunn and sickle define distinct genetic pathways, with skl regulating the number and distribution of successful @entity281 events, and sunn regulating nodule organogenesis.

title: Dual genetic pathways controlling nodule number in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4166 :: ('3880', 'Species') :: ['Medicago truncatula']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity4166 :: (3880,Species) :: ['Medicago truncatula']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the principles and preliminary results of plaque brachytherapy for selected @entity2694 . METHODS: A custom-designed @entity1496 -125 plaque, designed to deliver a target dose of 50 Gray, was placed surgically in the region from which an @entity2694 was partially resected. The mean dose to the target area was 50 Gray. The initial and follow-up @entity1 data were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 8 @entity1 , the diagnosis was @entity2347 of the lacrimal gland (4 cases), orbital invasion by @entity1491 (2), orbital extension of @entity320 (1), and @entity189 (1). Of the 4 with @entity2347 , there was microscopic @entity41 after excision and orbital exenteration was considered. Three have @entity5 control with follow-up of 1, 3, and 6 years. One @entity1 required exenteration for recurrence separate from the field of brachytherapy and is free of @entity5 after 10 years. All 4 @entity1 are alive and well with @entity5 control. Of the 2 @entity1 with orbital extension of @entity1491 , @entity5 control without recurrence has been achieved in both after 2 years. The @entity1 with orbital @entity3 responded to plaque radiotherapy, with no orbital recurrence, but died of systemic @entity3 . The @entity1 with orbital @entity320 had local orbital recurrence separate from the area of irradiation and is currently being treated for systemic @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on preliminary observations, plaque radiotherapy appears to be a reasonable alternative to exenteration and external irradiation for selected @entity2694 .

title: Plaque radiotherapy for selected XXXX : preliminary observations: the 2002 Montgomery Lecture, part 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital malignancy', 'orbital malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'conjunctival melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['orbital malignancies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Noise has always been an important environmental public health issue for mankind. Although reports exist on hippocampal-dependent @entity73 due to noise, there are only a few studies that have examined the effects of recovery from noise stress on @entity73 . Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of recovery from chronic noise exposure on @entity4207 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the detrimental effects of noise stress on young male @entity35 in the Morris water maze (MWM) were investigated at 1, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after the discontinuation of chronic noise exposure of 80 dB or 100 dB for 4 h per day, for 30 days. The levels of @entity1154 neurotransmitters in the hippocampus were also evaluated by HPLC-EC at the end of each behavioral test. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that @entity35 in the noise-treated groups failed to reach the same level of performance as the controls in the MWM. Further, the levels of @entity935 (DA), @entity1063 (NE) and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) were significantly decreased in the hippocampus after noise exposure. However, the reduction in @entity1154 levels and impaired water maze performance recovered over time, so that by 30th day after cessation of noise exposure the 80 dB group showed no performance difference from the controls, and by 40th day, the 100 dB group also showed no performance difference from the control. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that noise impaired LM in young male @entity35 and reduced @entity1154 neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. However, the noise-induced water maze deficits recovered over time, and the concurrent restoration of hippocampal @entity1154 neurotransmitter levels suggest that they are involved in @entity73 .

title: Recovery of chronic noise exposure induced XXXX in young male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['spatial learning and memory (LM) impairment', 'LM impairments']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['LM deficits']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity4207 :: (MESH:D007859,Disease) :: ['spatial learning and memory deficits']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Noise has always been an important environmental public health issue for mankind. Although reports exist on hippocampal-dependent @entity73 due to noise, there are only a few studies that have examined the effects of recovery from noise stress on @entity73 . Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of recovery from chronic noise exposure on @entity4207 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the detrimental effects of noise stress on young male @entity35 in the Morris water maze (MWM) were investigated at 1, 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after the discontinuation of chronic noise exposure of 80 dB or 100 dB for 4 h per day, for 30 days. The levels of @entity1154 neurotransmitters in the hippocampus were also evaluated by HPLC-EC at the end of each behavioral test. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that @entity35 in the noise-treated groups failed to reach the same level of performance as the controls in the MWM. Further, the levels of @entity935 (DA), @entity1063 (NE) and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) were significantly decreased in the hippocampus after noise exposure. However, the reduction in @entity1154 levels and impaired water maze performance recovered over time, so that by 30th day after cessation of noise exposure the 80 dB group showed no performance difference from the controls, and by 40th day, the 100 dB group also showed no performance difference from the control. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that noise impaired LM in young male @entity35 and reduced @entity1154 neurotransmitters in the hippocampus. However, the noise-induced water maze deficits recovered over time, and the concurrent restoration of hippocampal @entity1154 neurotransmitter levels suggest that they are involved in @entity73 .

title: Recovery of chronic noise exposure induced @entity4207 in young male XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: As a noninvasive method of examination, conventional computer tomography (CT) has assumed an important role in assessment of pathologic anatomy of the heart. In contrast, previously, CT has not been applied for routine investigations of myocardial perfusion. In this study, a new method is described which, with intravenous injection of contrast medium, enables delineation of perfusion differences in the myocardium. Studies were performed in ten healthy male subjects and 71 @entity1 with angiographically-documented @entity453 with a Somatom SF ( @entity5377 ) with a scanning time of five seconds. Prior to contrast injection, a native scan was obtained in the short axis view of the left ventricle as well as in apical and central view. After injection of 30 ml of contrast medium through a 7F ring catheter positioned in the inferior vena cava, imaging was again performed and then repeated subsequent to administration of 0.5 mg/kg @entity4341 . Quantitative evaluation of the CT images was carried out through circumferential analysis of the apical and central segments. The circumference was divided into 60 segments of six degrees each and for each segment ten density measurements were performed to obtain average values subendocardially, intramurally and subepicardially. After correction for the density value of the ascending aorta in healthy subjects, the density profile was constructed. The density profile of the healthy subjects was designated as the mean value curve. The circumferential profile of @entity1 with @entity453 was tested against the mean value curve from which two indexes for description of perfusion disturbances were defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Perfusion studies of the myocardium using computerized tomography. Comparative studies in normal XXXX and @entity1 with coronary heart disease].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: As a noninvasive method of examination, conventional computer tomography (CT) has assumed an important role in assessment of pathologic anatomy of the heart. In contrast, previously, CT has not been applied for routine investigations of myocardial perfusion. In this study, a new method is described which, with intravenous injection of contrast medium, enables delineation of perfusion differences in the myocardium. Studies were performed in ten healthy male subjects and 71 @entity1 with angiographically-documented @entity453 with a Somatom SF ( @entity5377 ) with a scanning time of five seconds. Prior to contrast injection, a native scan was obtained in the short axis view of the left ventricle as well as in apical and central view. After injection of 30 ml of contrast medium through a 7F ring catheter positioned in the inferior vena cava, imaging was again performed and then repeated subsequent to administration of 0.5 mg/kg @entity4341 . Quantitative evaluation of the CT images was carried out through circumferential analysis of the apical and central segments. The circumference was divided into 60 segments of six degrees each and for each segment ten density measurements were performed to obtain average values subendocardially, intramurally and subepicardially. After correction for the density value of the ascending aorta in healthy subjects, the density profile was constructed. The density profile of the healthy subjects was designated as the mean value curve. The circumferential profile of @entity1 with @entity453 was tested against the mean value curve from which two indexes for description of perfusion disturbances were defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Perfusion studies of the myocardium using computerized tomography. Comparative studies in normal @entity1 and XXXX with coronary heart disease].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Systemic safety surveillance is an essential component of vaccination programmes to elucidate the full safety profile of a vaccine and to detect previously unrecognized adverse reactions that might be related to new vaccines. This article summarizes the spontaneous adverse drug reactions (ADR) from approximately 12 million administered doses of the pandemic @entity1156 -adjuvanted H1N1v vaccine (Focetria  , Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics) from the mass vaccination programmes in Europe. METHODS: All ADR reports from October 2009 to March 2010 were included in the analyses and classified according to Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. Adverse events of special interest were compared with pooled spontaneous case reports for seasonal @entity683 vaccines, and signal detection analyses were performed. RESULTS: In the reporting period we received a total of 5315 pandemic vaccine ADR reports, of which 19.9% were serious. The reporting rate was higher after H1N1 pandemic vaccines, i.e. 44.3 cases/100.000 doses, than for seasonal @entity683 vaccines covering the same time period, i.e. 1.7 cases/100.000 doses. The majority of reports included expected local and systemic postvaccination reactions. Rates for adverse events of special interest, for example, @entity5011 , @entity2021 , and @entity410 showed no signs of disproportionality between the pandemic and the seasonal vaccines. There were 36 deaths reported after use of the pandemic vaccine; however, no evidence for a causal relationship with the vaccine was found. CONCLUSION: The analyses of the spontaneously reported adverse events support the good safety profile of the @entity1156 -adjuvanted H1N1v pandemic @entity683 vaccine.

title: Passive surveillance of adverse events of an XXXX -adjuvanted H1N1v vaccine during the pandemic mass vaccinations.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1156 :: (MESH:C089950,Chemical) :: ['MF59']


abstract: @entity4483 @entity460 binding proteins have long been known to express in the adult nervous system, but their distribution in the developing brain, especially the @entity1 fetal brain, is largely unknown. We used an immunohistochemical method to determine the expression of three @entity4483 proteins, namely @entity12848 , @entity72636 , and @entity64363 , in the @entity1 fetal hippocampus and temporal cortex from 12 to 33 weeks of gestation. At 12 weeks, @entity72636 was strongly expressed in the cells and fibers of the polymorphic, pyramidal, and molecular layers of the hippocampus. Thereafter, its expression decreased with age. In the temporal cortex, @entity72636 expression was detected from 12 weeks onwards, peaked at 20 to 24 weeks, and then decreased with age. The horizontal fibers of the marginal zone were immunoreactive at all stages examined. @entity64363 immunoreactivity was also detected in both cells and fibers of the hippocampus at 12 weeks, became slightly stronger at 20 weeks, and then decreased with age. In the temporal cortex, @entity64363 immunoreactivity was also strong in all cellular layers at 12 to 24 weeks before it declined with age from 28 weeks onwards. Among the three proteins examined, @entity12848 showed the weakest expression, which was detected in the cells and fibers of the hippocampus and the temporal cortex at all stages examined. Our results have demonstrated for the first time, in the @entity1 fetal hippocampus and temporal cortex, specific spatio-temporal patterns of expression of these proteins, all of which are likely to have different roles to play during development despite their pronounced sequence homology.

title: Differential expression of XXXX proteins in the developing @entity1 hippocampus and temporal cortex.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity4483 :: (6285,Gene) :: ['S100']


abstract: @entity4483 @entity460 binding proteins have long been known to express in the adult nervous system, but their distribution in the developing brain, especially the @entity1 fetal brain, is largely unknown. We used an immunohistochemical method to determine the expression of three @entity4483 proteins, namely @entity12848 , @entity72636 , and @entity64363 , in the @entity1 fetal hippocampus and temporal cortex from 12 to 33 weeks of gestation. At 12 weeks, @entity72636 was strongly expressed in the cells and fibers of the polymorphic, pyramidal, and molecular layers of the hippocampus. Thereafter, its expression decreased with age. In the temporal cortex, @entity72636 expression was detected from 12 weeks onwards, peaked at 20 to 24 weeks, and then decreased with age. The horizontal fibers of the marginal zone were immunoreactive at all stages examined. @entity64363 immunoreactivity was also detected in both cells and fibers of the hippocampus at 12 weeks, became slightly stronger at 20 weeks, and then decreased with age. In the temporal cortex, @entity64363 immunoreactivity was also strong in all cellular layers at 12 to 24 weeks before it declined with age from 28 weeks onwards. Among the three proteins examined, @entity12848 showed the weakest expression, which was detected in the cells and fibers of the hippocampus and the temporal cortex at all stages examined. Our results have demonstrated for the first time, in the @entity1 fetal hippocampus and temporal cortex, specific spatio-temporal patterns of expression of these proteins, all of which are likely to have different roles to play during development despite their pronounced sequence homology.

title: Differential expression of @entity4483 proteins in the developing XXXX hippocampus and temporal cortex.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Infections caused by the parasite @entity9642 are endemic to Southeast Asia. @entity281 reported in the United States are among immigrants who acquired the disease abroad. Due to the nonspecific nature of its presentation and rarity in the United States, the diagnosis may first be suggested by the pathologist on biopsy review. Definitive diagnosis may need serologic testing for confirmation. We report 4 cases of @entity66 caused by United States-acquired @entity9642 , which were identified in the consultation files of the authors. @entity1 (3 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ; aged, 20 to 66 y) presented with pulmonary complaints and @entity764 including cavitary infiltrates (2), lung mass (1), @entity1143 (1), and pneumothorax (1). Biopsies showed @entity9757 and @entity3616 in all cases. Other pathologic findings included @entity32 with geographic @entity39 (3), @entity1333 (3), and @entity5641 (3). @entity9642 organisms and/or eggs were identified in 2 cases. Serologic studies were positive for @entity9642 in 3 cases (2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 1 immunoblot). Three @entity1 ate live crabs at sushi bars (including crabs in martinis, a previously unreported mechanism for @entity281 ). In 1 @entity1 , the source of @entity281 was uncertain. @entity9643 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity1712 in the United States. Although @entity5930 was a consistent finding, the biopsies may be nonspecific as the organisms and/or eggs are not always visualized. Unusual features include marked @entity5641 , foci of geographic @entity39 and @entity1333 . A history of ingestion and targeted serologies are the keys to diagnosis.

title: @entity281 by XXXX in the United States: a rare cause of @entity5930 after ingestion of live crabs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic pleuropulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity9642 :: ('34504', 'Species') :: ['Paragonimus', 'P. westermani', 'Paragonimus westermani']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis', 'granulomatous vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['chronic eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity9643 :: ('MESH:D010237', 'Disease') :: ['Paragonimiasis']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Most infections']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest imaging abnormalities']

answer: @entity9642 :: (34504,Species) :: ['Paragonimus westermani']


abstract: Infections caused by the parasite @entity9642 are endemic to Southeast Asia. @entity281 reported in the United States are among immigrants who acquired the disease abroad. Due to the nonspecific nature of its presentation and rarity in the United States, the diagnosis may first be suggested by the pathologist on biopsy review. Definitive diagnosis may need serologic testing for confirmation. We report 4 cases of @entity66 caused by United States-acquired @entity9642 , which were identified in the consultation files of the authors. @entity1 (3 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ; aged, 20 to 66 y) presented with pulmonary complaints and @entity764 including cavitary infiltrates (2), lung mass (1), @entity1143 (1), and pneumothorax (1). Biopsies showed @entity9757 and @entity3616 in all cases. Other pathologic findings included @entity32 with geographic @entity39 (3), @entity1333 (3), and @entity5641 (3). @entity9642 organisms and/or eggs were identified in 2 cases. Serologic studies were positive for @entity9642 in 3 cases (2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 1 immunoblot). Three @entity1 ate live crabs at sushi bars (including crabs in martinis, a previously unreported mechanism for @entity281 ). In 1 @entity1 , the source of @entity281 was uncertain. @entity9643 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity1712 in the United States. Although @entity5930 was a consistent finding, the biopsies may be nonspecific as the organisms and/or eggs are not always visualized. Unusual features include marked @entity5641 , foci of geographic @entity39 and @entity1333 . A history of ingestion and targeted serologies are the keys to diagnosis.

title: @entity281 by @entity9642 in the United States: a rare cause of XXXX after ingestion of live crabs.

answer: @entity5930 :: (MESH:D011657,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic pneumonia']


abstract: Infections caused by the parasite @entity9642 are endemic to Southeast Asia. @entity281 reported in the United States are among immigrants who acquired the disease abroad. Due to the nonspecific nature of its presentation and rarity in the United States, the diagnosis may first be suggested by the pathologist on biopsy review. Definitive diagnosis may need serologic testing for confirmation. We report 4 cases of @entity66 caused by United States-acquired @entity9642 , which were identified in the consultation files of the authors. @entity1 (3 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ; aged, 20 to 66 y) presented with pulmonary complaints and @entity764 including cavitary infiltrates (2), lung mass (1), @entity1143 (1), and pneumothorax (1). Biopsies showed @entity9757 and @entity3616 in all cases. Other pathologic findings included @entity32 with geographic @entity39 (3), @entity1333 (3), and @entity5641 (3). @entity9642 organisms and/or eggs were identified in 2 cases. Serologic studies were positive for @entity9642 in 3 cases (2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 1 immunoblot). Three @entity1 ate live crabs at sushi bars (including crabs in martinis, a previously unreported mechanism for @entity281 ). In 1 @entity1 , the source of @entity281 was uncertain. @entity9643 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity1712 in the United States. Although @entity5930 was a consistent finding, the biopsies may be nonspecific as the organisms and/or eggs are not always visualized. Unusual features include marked @entity5641 , foci of geographic @entity39 and @entity1333 . A history of ingestion and targeted serologies are the keys to diagnosis.

title: XXXX by @entity9642 in the United States: a rare cause of @entity5930 after ingestion of live crabs.

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Pleuropulmonary infection']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite maximum medical and mechanical support therapy, @entity712 remains a relentlessly progressive disorder with substantial morbidity and mortality. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process of cellular cannibalization, has been implicated in virtually all forms of @entity65 . Indeed, its role is context dependent, antagonizing or promoting disease depending on the circumstance. Here, we review current understanding of the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of @entity712 and explore this pathway as a target of therapeutic intervention. RECENT FINDINGS: In preclinical models of @entity299 , cardiomyocyte autophagic flux is activated; indeed, its role in disease pathogenesis is the subject of intense investigation to define mechanism. Similarly, in failing @entity1 heart of a variety of etiologies, cardiomyocyte autophagic activity is upregulated, and therapy, such as with mechanical support systems, elicits declines in autophagy activity. However, when suppression of autophagy is complete, rapid and catastrophic cell death occurs, consistent with a model in which basal autophagic flux is required for proteostasis. Thus, a narrow zone of 'optimal' autophagy seems to exist. The challenge moving forward is to tune the stress-triggered autophagic response within that 'sweet spot' range for therapeutic benefit. SUMMARY: Whereas we have known for some years of the participation of lysosomal mechanisms in @entity299 , it is only recently that upstream mechanisms (autophagy) are being explored. The challenge for the future is to dissect the underlying circuitry and titrate the response into an optimal, proteostasis-promoting range in hopes of mitigating the ever-expanding epidemic of @entity712 .

title: Tuning flux: autophagy as a target of XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nondipping, defined as a less than 10% decline in Night:Day (N:D) ratio of blood pressure using 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, is associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. However, its reproducibility has been questioned in @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five of 29 recruited @entity101 or @entity1556 @entity1 with @entity8 completed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring on two occasions, 7-15 days apart, on a stable antihypertensive regimen. Daytime and night-time were defined as 6:00-21:59 h and 22:00-5:59 h, respectively. Correlation and concordance coefficients for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure ( @entity11559 ), and heart rate were determined based on N:D and Asleep:Awake (A:A) ratios. Consistency of dipping was assessed by using Cohen's Kappa statistics. RESULTS: Mean (  standard deviation) for age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, differences in daytime and night-time SBP and @entity11559 were 43.12 years (8.55 years), 63.1 ml/min (20.5 ml/min), 11.74 mmHg (8.2 mmHg), and 10.82 mmHg (6.4 mmHg), respectively. Seventeen of 25 (68%) and 18 of 25 (72%) @entity1 maintained the same dipping category based on D:N or A:A separation. Cohen's Kappa was 0.34 for D:N ratio and 0.38 for A:A ratio. Correlation and concordance coefficients were 0.89 and 0.88 for daytime SBP, 0.91 and 0.91 for daytime @entity11559 , 0.79 and 0.78 for night-time SBP, 0.81 and 0.80 for night-time @entity11559 , 0.58 and 0.56 for N:D ratio of SBP, and 0.56 and 0.53 for N:D ratio of @entity11559 . Coefficients for A:A ratio were almost identical to N:D values except for A:A ratios of SBP (0.69 and 0.67) and @entity11559 (0.48 and 0.45). CONCLUSION: Repeated measures of SBP and @entity11559 , 7-15 days apart, are highly correlative and concordant in the studied population, but nondipping, even though predominant, was found to be modestly reproducible.

title: Short-term reproducibility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertensive']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: Mechanical behavior of muscle and its control is largely unknown under normal movement conditions. The present report deals with the methodological development to record directly in vivo forces from the @entity1 @entity924 ( @entity924 ) when the subjects perform normal movements ranging from slow walking to maximal sprinting and jumping. The development began with animal experiments, which dealt with the transducer design, surgical operation procedures, and duration of implantation. The first @entity1 experiment utilized an E form transducer implanted around the @entity924 under local anesthesia. The transducer was kept in situ for 7 days, and on the 8th day recordings were made on @entity1538 movements and during slow walking. Further development led to final selection of a "buckle"-type transducer, and the measurements can be made immediately after operation and they usually last 2-3 h. The @entity924 transducer can be calibrated by placing the subject in a prone position on to a calibration table. His operated foot was placed in a special shoe, the axis of which coincided with that of the ankle joint. A pulley system with known weights was used to dorsiflex the foot. Taking into consideration the geometrical arrangement of the @entity924 transducer, @entity717 , and the pulley system, the exact values of @entity924 forces could be calculated. The actual measurements incorporate the use of EMG recordings of the leg extensor muscles and various external force measurements, such as long force platform or oscillating ergometers. The transducer is removed immediately after the measurements and the subjects recover.

title: In vivo registration of Achilles tendon forces in XXXX . I. Methodological development.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axis of rotation']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'achilles tendon']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['simple plantar flexion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple endpoints can be used to evaluate chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV). These endpoints reflect the various @entity391 , @entity390 and rescue antiemetic use in the acute (0-24  h), delayed (>24-120  h) and overall (0-120  h) periods after chemotherapy. As the choice of outcome measure could potentially change the interpretation of clinical trial results, we evaluated CINV rates using different endpoints on a single dataset from a prospective cohort. Data from 177 @entity0 @entity1 receiving @entity5948 and @entity786 -based chemotherapy was used to calculate CINV control rates using the 15 most commonly reported CINV endpoints. As @entity390 remains such a significant symptom, we explored the frequency at which pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical company-funded studies included measures of @entity390 in their primary study endpoint. CINV control rates ranged from 12.5  %, 95  % (CI 7.6-17.4  %) for total control (no @entity391 , no @entity390 and no rescue medication) in the overall period to 77.4  %, 95  % (CI 71.2-83.6  %) for no @entity391 in the overall period. Similar differences were found in the acute and delayed periods. Non-pharmaceutical company-funded trials were more likely to include a measure of @entity390 in the primary study outcome (9/18, 50  %) than pharmaceutical-funded trials (1/12, 8.3  %). The choice of trial endpoint has an important impact on reported CINV control rates and could significantly impact on interpretation of the results. Primary endpoints of studies, including those mandated by regulatory bodies, should account for @entity390 to reflect @entity1 experience. Reporting of endpoints should be more comprehensive to allow for cross-trial comparisons.

title: Choice of study endpoint significantly impacts the results of XXXX trials evaluating chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'combinations of vomiting']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple endpoints can be used to evaluate chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV). These endpoints reflect the various @entity391 , @entity390 and rescue antiemetic use in the acute (0-24  h), delayed (>24-120  h) and overall (0-120  h) periods after chemotherapy. As the choice of outcome measure could potentially change the interpretation of clinical trial results, we evaluated CINV rates using different endpoints on a single dataset from a prospective cohort. Data from 177 @entity0 @entity1 receiving @entity5948 and @entity786 -based chemotherapy was used to calculate CINV control rates using the 15 most commonly reported CINV endpoints. As @entity390 remains such a significant symptom, we explored the frequency at which pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical company-funded studies included measures of @entity390 in their primary study endpoint. CINV control rates ranged from 12.5  %, 95  % (CI 7.6-17.4  %) for total control (no @entity391 , no @entity390 and no rescue medication) in the overall period to 77.4  %, 95  % (CI 71.2-83.6  %) for no @entity391 in the overall period. Similar differences were found in the acute and delayed periods. Non-pharmaceutical company-funded trials were more likely to include a measure of @entity390 in the primary study outcome (9/18, 50  %) than pharmaceutical-funded trials (1/12, 8.3  %). The choice of trial endpoint has an important impact on reported CINV control rates and could significantly impact on interpretation of the results. Primary endpoints of studies, including those mandated by regulatory bodies, should account for @entity390 to reflect @entity1 experience. Reporting of endpoints should be more comprehensive to allow for cross-trial comparisons.

title: Choice of study endpoint significantly impacts the results of @entity0 trials evaluating chemotherapy-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea and vomiting']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that immune factors influence @entity146 and contribute to relapse. The primary study objectives were to (1) compare @entity146 across adults with active @entity888 (MA) dependence, in early remission from @entity734 , and with no history of @entity734 , (2) determine whether active or recent @entity734 affects the expression of immune factors, and (3) evaluate the association between immune factor levels and @entity146 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using between group comparisons and regression analyses to investigate associations among variables. Eighty-four adults were recruited into control (CTL) (n   =   31), MA-active (n   =   17), or MA-remission (n   =   36) groups. @entity1 completed self-report measures of @entity148 , @entity308 and objective tests of attention and executive function. Blood samples were collected, and a panel of immune factors was measured using multiplex technology. RESULTS: Relative to CTLs, MA-dependent adults evidenced greater @entity148 and @entity308 during active use (p   <   0.001) and remission (p   <   0.007), and more attention, memory, and executive problems during remission (p   <   0.01) but not active dependence. Regression analyses identified 10 immune factors (putatively associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions) associated with @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity2414 . CONCLUSION: While psychiatric symptoms are present during active @entity734 and remission, at least some @entity73 emerge only during remission. Altered expression of a network of immune factors contributes to neuropsychiatric symptom severity.

title: Plasma Inflammatory Factors Are Associated with XXXX , @entity308 , and Cognitive Problems in Adults with and without @entity888 Dependence: An Exploratory Protein Array Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression, and memory complaints', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['addictive behaviors', 'neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive difficulties']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance dependence', 'MA dependence']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that immune factors influence @entity146 and contribute to relapse. The primary study objectives were to (1) compare @entity146 across adults with active @entity888 (MA) dependence, in early remission from @entity734 , and with no history of @entity734 , (2) determine whether active or recent @entity734 affects the expression of immune factors, and (3) evaluate the association between immune factor levels and @entity146 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using between group comparisons and regression analyses to investigate associations among variables. Eighty-four adults were recruited into control (CTL) (n   =   31), MA-active (n   =   17), or MA-remission (n   =   36) groups. @entity1 completed self-report measures of @entity148 , @entity308 and objective tests of attention and executive function. Blood samples were collected, and a panel of immune factors was measured using multiplex technology. RESULTS: Relative to CTLs, MA-dependent adults evidenced greater @entity148 and @entity308 during active use (p   <   0.001) and remission (p   <   0.007), and more attention, memory, and executive problems during remission (p   <   0.01) but not active dependence. Regression analyses identified 10 immune factors (putatively associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions) associated with @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity2414 . CONCLUSION: While psychiatric symptoms are present during active @entity734 and remission, at least some @entity73 emerge only during remission. Altered expression of a network of immune factors contributes to neuropsychiatric symptom severity.

title: Plasma Inflammatory Factors Are Associated with @entity148 , XXXX , and Cognitive Problems in Adults with and without @entity888 Dependence: An Exploratory Protein Array Study.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that immune factors influence @entity146 and contribute to relapse. The primary study objectives were to (1) compare @entity146 across adults with active @entity888 (MA) dependence, in early remission from @entity734 , and with no history of @entity734 , (2) determine whether active or recent @entity734 affects the expression of immune factors, and (3) evaluate the association between immune factor levels and @entity146 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using between group comparisons and regression analyses to investigate associations among variables. Eighty-four adults were recruited into control (CTL) (n   =   31), MA-active (n   =   17), or MA-remission (n   =   36) groups. @entity1 completed self-report measures of @entity148 , @entity308 and objective tests of attention and executive function. Blood samples were collected, and a panel of immune factors was measured using multiplex technology. RESULTS: Relative to CTLs, MA-dependent adults evidenced greater @entity148 and @entity308 during active use (p   <   0.001) and remission (p   <   0.007), and more attention, memory, and executive problems during remission (p   <   0.01) but not active dependence. Regression analyses identified 10 immune factors (putatively associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions) associated with @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity2414 . CONCLUSION: While psychiatric symptoms are present during active @entity734 and remission, at least some @entity73 emerge only during remission. Altered expression of a network of immune factors contributes to neuropsychiatric symptom severity.

title: Plasma Inflammatory Factors Are Associated with @entity148 , @entity308 , and Cognitive Problems in Adults with and without XXXX Dependence: An Exploratory Protein Array Study.

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['Methamphetamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze interpersonal sensitivity level and influencing factors among @entity1 in @entity284 maintenance treatment. METHODS: From 2010 June to 2011 June, the research was performed in Center of @entity284 Maintenance Treatment of Nanjing Baixia District Hospital. A total of 272 @entity284 maintenance treatment was studied using a self-designed questionnaire, interpersonal sensitivity scale in symptom check list (SCL-90), self-rating @entity308 scale (SDS), @entity148 ( @entity148 ). If interpersonal sensitivity level >=  2 points, it was positive. In this study, through independent sample t test, analysis of the social demographic characteristics, @entity308 and @entity148 , interpersonal sensitivity level. Non conditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore a variety of factors, and the relationship of these factors with interpersonal sensitivity. RESULTS: The @entity308 score, the @entity148 score and the level of interpersonal relationship sensitivity in 272 @entity284 maintenance treatment (1.65    0.51, 47.66    8.58, 42.38    9.40) was higher than the national norm (1.65    0.51, 41.88    10.57, 29.78    0.46) (t values were 8.23, 17.63 and 22.27, respectively; all P values < 0.001). In 272 @entity284 maintenance treatment, the percentage of @entity1 was 75.0% (204/272) and the percentage of @entity1 was 25.0% (68/272). SDS score of male and female was (48.38    8.30) and (45.90    9.34) points (t = 5.67, P = 0.037); Aged 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and >=  50 years old group, SDS scores were (48.26    7.59), (47.73    8.38), (47.79    9.22) and (48.09    6.33) points (F = 3.90, P = 0.046); According to the drug's time, divided into 1-3, 4-6 and >=  7 years group, SDS scores were (45.92    7.47), (47.41    7.57) and (48.07    8.57) points (F = 4.49, = 0.039). @entity148 score of male and female was (41.21    9.53) and (42.91    9.42) points (t = 2.23, P = 0.043). The positive rate of interpersonal sensitivity was 47.1% (128/272). Multivariate analysis showed that, with SDS and @entity148 scores increased by 1, respectively, interpersonal sensitivity increased 23.23 (8.62-96.68) and 11.97 (6.42-19.27) points. CONCLUSION: Interpersonal sensitivity level in @entity284 maintenance treatment was higher than normal and @entity308 ; @entity148 and @entity308 both were the risk factors of interpersonal sensitivity level.

title: [Association between negative emotion and interpersonal sensitivity among @entity1 in XXXX maintenance treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['SAS', 'anxiety', 'self-rating anxiety scale']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['Methadone', 'methadone']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze interpersonal sensitivity level and influencing factors among @entity1 in @entity284 maintenance treatment. METHODS: From 2010 June to 2011 June, the research was performed in Center of @entity284 Maintenance Treatment of Nanjing Baixia District Hospital. A total of 272 @entity284 maintenance treatment was studied using a self-designed questionnaire, interpersonal sensitivity scale in symptom check list (SCL-90), self-rating @entity308 scale (SDS), @entity148 ( @entity148 ). If interpersonal sensitivity level >=  2 points, it was positive. In this study, through independent sample t test, analysis of the social demographic characteristics, @entity308 and @entity148 , interpersonal sensitivity level. Non conditional logistic regression analysis was used to explore a variety of factors, and the relationship of these factors with interpersonal sensitivity. RESULTS: The @entity308 score, the @entity148 score and the level of interpersonal relationship sensitivity in 272 @entity284 maintenance treatment (1.65    0.51, 47.66    8.58, 42.38    9.40) was higher than the national norm (1.65    0.51, 41.88    10.57, 29.78    0.46) (t values were 8.23, 17.63 and 22.27, respectively; all P values < 0.001). In 272 @entity284 maintenance treatment, the percentage of @entity1 was 75.0% (204/272) and the percentage of @entity1 was 25.0% (68/272). SDS score of male and female was (48.38    8.30) and (45.90    9.34) points (t = 5.67, P = 0.037); Aged 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and >=  50 years old group, SDS scores were (48.26    7.59), (47.73    8.38), (47.79    9.22) and (48.09    6.33) points (F = 3.90, P = 0.046); According to the drug's time, divided into 1-3, 4-6 and >=  7 years group, SDS scores were (45.92    7.47), (47.41    7.57) and (48.07    8.57) points (F = 4.49, = 0.039). @entity148 score of male and female was (41.21    9.53) and (42.91    9.42) points (t = 2.23, P = 0.043). The positive rate of interpersonal sensitivity was 47.1% (128/272). Multivariate analysis showed that, with SDS and @entity148 scores increased by 1, respectively, interpersonal sensitivity increased 23.23 (8.62-96.68) and 11.97 (6.42-19.27) points. CONCLUSION: Interpersonal sensitivity level in @entity284 maintenance treatment was higher than normal and @entity308 ; @entity148 and @entity308 both were the risk factors of interpersonal sensitivity level.

title: [Association between negative emotion and interpersonal sensitivity among XXXX in @entity284 maintenance treatment].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We describe an uncommon pediatric finding of @entity2791 , which presented as @entity1985 , @entity101 , @entity11360 , and @entity2753 . The @entity1 was a previously well 8-month-old male who looked well but had mild periorbital @entity4 with severe @entity101 . After 3 days of @entity3371 therapy, the @entity1985 -range @entity644 significantly improved. However, the @entity101 persisted. Renal imaging revealed a @entity8 with reduced parenchymal uptake and no significant excretion. A renal angiogram demonstrated @entity2791 with increased left renal vein @entity916 activity. The @entity101 resolved within 24 h of a left nephrectomy, but non- @entity1985 -range @entity644 persisted for 8 months post operatively. @entity8 was consistent with @entity4267 . Although a few glomeruli (1%) had changes consistent with focal segmental @entity631 , such a few abnormal glomeruli were unlikely to account for the @entity1985 . @entity101 -induced changes in the unaffected right kidney probably caused the @entity1985 -range @entity644 .

title: XXXX and @entity1985 : a rare combination in an @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['small left kidney', 'Pathology of the left kidney']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity11360 :: ('MESH:D005183', 'Disease') :: ['failure to thrive']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['left renal artery stenosis', 'unilateral renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['Renal artery stenosis']


abstract: We describe an uncommon pediatric finding of @entity2791 , which presented as @entity1985 , @entity101 , @entity11360 , and @entity2753 . The @entity1 was a previously well 8-month-old male who looked well but had mild periorbital @entity4 with severe @entity101 . After 3 days of @entity3371 therapy, the @entity1985 -range @entity644 significantly improved. However, the @entity101 persisted. Renal imaging revealed a @entity8 with reduced parenchymal uptake and no significant excretion. A renal angiogram demonstrated @entity2791 with increased left renal vein @entity916 activity. The @entity101 resolved within 24 h of a left nephrectomy, but non- @entity1985 -range @entity644 persisted for 8 months post operatively. @entity8 was consistent with @entity4267 . Although a few glomeruli (1%) had changes consistent with focal segmental @entity631 , such a few abnormal glomeruli were unlikely to account for the @entity1985 . @entity101 -induced changes in the unaffected right kidney probably caused the @entity1985 -range @entity644 .

title: @entity2791 and XXXX : a rare combination in an @entity1 .

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: We describe an uncommon pediatric finding of @entity2791 , which presented as @entity1985 , @entity101 , @entity11360 , and @entity2753 . The @entity1 was a previously well 8-month-old male who looked well but had mild periorbital @entity4 with severe @entity101 . After 3 days of @entity3371 therapy, the @entity1985 -range @entity644 significantly improved. However, the @entity101 persisted. Renal imaging revealed a @entity8 with reduced parenchymal uptake and no significant excretion. A renal angiogram demonstrated @entity2791 with increased left renal vein @entity916 activity. The @entity101 resolved within 24 h of a left nephrectomy, but non- @entity1985 -range @entity644 persisted for 8 months post operatively. @entity8 was consistent with @entity4267 . Although a few glomeruli (1%) had changes consistent with focal segmental @entity631 , such a few abnormal glomeruli were unlikely to account for the @entity1985 . @entity101 -induced changes in the unaffected right kidney probably caused the @entity1985 -range @entity644 .

title: @entity2791 and @entity1985 : a rare combination in an XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: The natural history of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) has been evaluated by two entirely different types of consecutive and unselected materials: The general female population. Females with the @entity0 . The frequency of in situ @entity189 in the general female population is about 25 per cent. The growth pattern of the in situ @entity189 is predominantly microfocal contrary to findings in mammography selected surgical materials where @entity5 forming and/or diffuse types contribute to more than 30 per cent. Evidence is established of three different stages of the development of @entity0 : The benign epithelial hyperplastic stage, the microfocal in situ @entity189 stage and the @entity5 stage. Among females with the @entity0 -disease the residual breast glandular tissue in the contralateral breast develops a new primary @entity189 in 33 per cent and furthermore in situ @entity189 in another 35 per cent. @entity204 of disseminated @entity3 and axillary lymphnode @entity3 is significantly related to these new primaries. Residual breast glandular tissue left behind after total mastectomy contributes to new primary @entity189 . Thus among clinical chest-wall recurrences not less than 20 per cent were primary invasive @entity5 . Our investigations have considerable impact on treatment: As concern microfocal in situ lesions they support a conservative attitude as regard treatment, providing the females are included in prospective follow-up studies including mammography. As concern the contralateral breast they support a more active attitude, but more studies are needed. Meanwhile a close follow-up program is an inevitable consequence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The significance of the frequency and occurrence of @entity0 for treatment. Essential aspects of new Danish studies of the natural history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer', 'BC', 'breast cancer disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The natural history of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) has been evaluated by two entirely different types of consecutive and unselected materials: The general female population. Females with the @entity0 . The frequency of in situ @entity189 in the general female population is about 25 per cent. The growth pattern of the in situ @entity189 is predominantly microfocal contrary to findings in mammography selected surgical materials where @entity5 forming and/or diffuse types contribute to more than 30 per cent. Evidence is established of three different stages of the development of @entity0 : The benign epithelial hyperplastic stage, the microfocal in situ @entity189 stage and the @entity5 stage. Among females with the @entity0 -disease the residual breast glandular tissue in the contralateral breast develops a new primary @entity189 in 33 per cent and furthermore in situ @entity189 in another 35 per cent. @entity204 of disseminated @entity3 and axillary lymphnode @entity3 is significantly related to these new primaries. Residual breast glandular tissue left behind after total mastectomy contributes to new primary @entity189 . Thus among clinical chest-wall recurrences not less than 20 per cent were primary invasive @entity5 . Our investigations have considerable impact on treatment: As concern microfocal in situ lesions they support a conservative attitude as regard treatment, providing the females are included in prospective follow-up studies including mammography. As concern the contralateral breast they support a more active attitude, but more studies are needed. Meanwhile a close follow-up program is an inevitable consequence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The significance of the frequency and occurrence of XXXX for treatment. Essential aspects of new Danish studies of the natural history of @entity0 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8433 by definition is (1) a @entity179 with variable symptoms, (2) caused by @entity2383 from a @entity74 and (3) accompanied by @entity6220 . A genetic etiology is confirmed in approximately 50% of @entity1 , with more than 60 identified mutations in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Here we review the clinical features and imaging studies of @entity8433 and describe the neuroimaging findings in a cohort of 17 @entity1 with genetically confirmed @entity8433 . MR findings include lesions in the brainstem in 9 @entity1 (53%), basal ganglia in 13 (76%), thalami in 4 (24%) and dentate nuclei in 2 (12%), and global @entity194 in 2 (12%). The brainstem lesions were most frequent in the @entity3308 . With follow-up an increased number of lesions from baseline was observed in 7 of 13 @entity1 , evolution of the @entity75 was seen in 6, and complete regression of the lesions was seen in 3. No cerebral @entity62 were found in any of the 17 @entity1 . In concordance with the literature, we found that @entity8433 follows a similar pattern of bilateral, symmetrical basal ganglia or brainstem changes. Lesions in @entity8433 evolve over time and a lack of visible lesions does not exclude the diagnosis. Reversibility of lesions is seen in some @entity1 , making the continued search for treatment and prevention a priority for clinicians and researchers.

title: The neuroimaging of XXXX : case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral central nervous system lesions']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['midbrain and medulla oblongata']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['initial lesion']

entities_list: @entity8433 :: ('MESH:D007888', 'Disease') :: ['Leigh syndrome']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity8433 :: (MESH:D007888,Disease) :: ['Leigh syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Haiti is in the midst of a @entity3081 . Surveillance data for formulating models of the @entity3082 are limited, but such models can aid understanding of @entity3082 processes and help define control strategies. OBJECTIVE: To predict, by using a mathematical model, the sequence and timing of regional @entity3081 epidemics in Haiti and explore the potential effects of disease-control strategies. DESIGN: Compartmental mathematical model allowing @entity1 -to- @entity1 and waterborne transmission of @entity3081 . Within- and between-region @entity3082 spread was modeled, with the latter dependent on population sizes and distance between regional centroids (a "gravity" model). SETTING: Haiti, 2010 to 2011. DATA SOURCES: Haitian hospitalization data, 2009 census data, literature-derived parameter values, and model calibration. MEASUREMENTS: Dates of @entity3082 onset and hospitalizations. RESULTS: The plausible range for @entity3081 's basic reproductive number (R(0), defined as the number of secondary cases per primary case in a susceptible population without intervention) was 2.06 to 2.78. The order and timing of regional @entity3081 outbreaks predicted by the gravity model were closely correlated with empirical observations. Analysis of changes in disease dynamics over time suggests that public health interventions have substantially affected this @entity3082 . A limited vaccine supply provided late in the @entity3082 was projected to have a modest effect. LIMITATIONS: Assumptions were simplified, which was necessary for modeling. Projections are based on the initial dynamics of the @entity3082 , which may change. CONCLUSION: Despite limited surveillance data from the @entity3081 in Haiti, a model simulating between-region disease transmission according to population and distance closely reproduces reported disease patterns. This model is a tool that planners, policymakers, and medical personnel seeking to manage the @entity3082 could use immediately.

title: XXXX in Haiti, 2010: using a transmission model to explain spatial spread of disease and identify optimal control interventions.

entities_list: @entity3081 :: ('MESH:D002771', 'Disease') :: ['cholera epidemic', 'cholera']

answer: @entity3081 :: (MESH:D002771,Disease) :: ['Cholera epidemic']


abstract: Two cases of primary @entity420 of the female urethra are reported. Case 1 was a 75-year-old female presenting with the @entity548 . Physical examination revealed a @entity3587 -sized @entity5 in the urethral meatus. @entity5 resection was performed under the preoperative diagnosis of caruncles, but, histopathological examination revealed @entity420 . She was readmitted because of recurrence of @entity5 7 months after the first operation. En bloc resection including the bladder, urethra and uterus was done followed by ileal conduit for urinary diversion. Case 2 was an 85-year-old female presenting with the complaint of macroscopic @entity811 . Physical examination revealed a thumb's-head-sized @entity5 in the urethral meatus and also the left enlarged inguinal lymph nodes. @entity5 resection and biopsy of the left inguinal lymph nodes were performed. Histopathological examination revealed @entity420 . Postoperative irradiation to the left inguinal lymph nodes was given to a total dose of 4,000 rads. Ninety-two cases of primary @entity420 of the female urethra in the Japanese literature including our cases are reviewed.

title: [Primary XXXX of the female urethra: report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['complaint of genital bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The evolution of segmental wall motion in Q and non-Q wave @entity583 was studied in detail in 15 @entity1 without known prior @entity63 events. Serial two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were performed beginning early after the onset of @entity662 and continuing until 10 to 14 days after admission. An area of apparent @entity1188 was identified on each initial study based on later correlation of ECG and echocardiographic findings. Wall motion of @entity1188 -and noninfarct-related areas was graded in a semiquantitative fashion based on the scoring of a visual analysis. Sequential image data demonstrated significant spontaneous improvement in wall motion of the @entity1188 area in non-Q but not in Q wave events. @entity1 with non-Q wave @entity1188 and improvement in regional function were at high risk for recurrent @entity1188 within 6 months. Improvement in wall motion inside or outside the area of @entity1188 in Q wave events was related to future risk. We concluded that in @entity1 with initial @entity583 , failure to develop Q waves correlated with return of function in the apparent area of @entity1188 . Improvement in regional wall motion after the initial study suggested risk for future @entity63 events in both ECG types of @entity583 . Serial echocardiographic imaging may be a means to identify @entity1 at risk for @entity1188 extension in both non-Q and Q wave events.

title: Evolution of regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in acute Q and non-Q wave XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: While the focus of much mutation research is on germ-line mutation, somatic mutation is being found to be important in @entity1 disease. @entity4786 1 and @entity4262 are disorders which are detected in the skin and other systems. The skin manifestations were essential for the demonstration of somatic mosaicism in @entity4786 1, while analysis of blood DNA demonstrated somatic mutation in @entity4786 2. Incontinentia @entity7173 is also a disorder seen in skin and other tissues, but here it is the rare variant of the disorder in males, where it is usually lethal, that involves somatic mosaicism. @entity7965 is a disorder of the blood and cell separation of blood elements allows the demonstration of the somatic mosaicism. This review also discusses disorders in which somatic mosaicism, for mutations probably incompatible with life if the mutation had been germ-line, are likely to be involved. These include the @entity795 , which involves both vascular tissues and bones, and two disorders which might be thought of as representing two subtypes of Proteus: @entity4917 , which involves vascular tissues, and Maffuci, which involves bones. Embryonic mutations, which create mosaicism for both the soma and germ-line, are being increasingly found in a number of disorders and are discussed more briefly. Finally, reverse mutations involving the soma have been recently found in several disorders and such revertant mutations are also examined. While the review focuses on the clinical importance of somatic mutations, many of the mutations found to date are tabulated. It is too early to see if there is a different pattern of somatic mutation as compared to germ-line mutation. Although the parameters to allow careful quantitation are not yet available, it seems that the frequency of gene mutation in embryonic cells is not markedly different than that in the germ-line.

title: Somatic gene mutation and XXXX disease other than cancer.

entities_list: @entity795 :: ('MESH:D016715', 'Disease') :: ['Proteus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['McCune-Albright']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibromatosis', 'neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity4917 :: ('MESH:D007715', 'Disease') :: ['Klippel-Trenaunay']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases play critical roles in the remodeling of bacterial cell walls during division. PG hydrolases have been studied extensively in several bacillus species, such as @entity526 and @entity3881 , but remain relatively uncharacterized in ovococcus species, such as @entity328 (pneumococcus). In this work, we identified genes that encode proteins with putative PG hydrolytic domains in the genome of @entity20485 . Knockout mutations in these genes were constructed, and the resulting mutants were characterized in comparison with the parent strain for growth, cell morphology, PG peptide incorporation, and in some cases, PG peptide composition. In addition, we characterized deletion mutations in nonessential genes of unknown function in the WalRK(Spn) two-component system regulon, which also contains the essential pcsB cell division gene. Several mutants did not show overt phenotypes, which is perhaps indicative of redundancy. In contrast, two new mutants showed distinct defects in PG biosynthesis. One mutation was in a gene designated dacB (spd_0549), which we showed encodes an L,D-carboxypeptidase involved in PG maturation. Notably, dacB mutants, similar to dacA (D,D-carboxypeptidase) mutants, exhibited defects in cell shape and septation, consistent with the idea that the availability of PG peptide precursors is important for proper PG biosynthesis. Epistasis analysis indicated that DacA functions before DacB in @entity5171 removal, and immunofluorescence microscopy showed that DacA and DacB are located over the entire surface of pneumococcal cells. The other mutation was in WalRK(Spn) regulon gene spd_0703, which encodes a putative membrane protein that may function as a type of conserved streptococcal shape, elongation, division, and sporulation (SEDS) protein.

title: Characterization of mutants deficient in the L,D-carboxypeptidase (DacB) and WalRK (VicRK) regulon, involved in peptidoglycan maturation of XXXX serotype 2 strain @entity20485 .

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity20485 :: ('373153', 'Species') :: ['S. pneumoniae strain D39']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: Peptidoglycan (PG) hydrolases play critical roles in the remodeling of bacterial cell walls during division. PG hydrolases have been studied extensively in several bacillus species, such as @entity526 and @entity3881 , but remain relatively uncharacterized in ovococcus species, such as @entity328 (pneumococcus). In this work, we identified genes that encode proteins with putative PG hydrolytic domains in the genome of @entity20485 . Knockout mutations in these genes were constructed, and the resulting mutants were characterized in comparison with the parent strain for growth, cell morphology, PG peptide incorporation, and in some cases, PG peptide composition. In addition, we characterized deletion mutations in nonessential genes of unknown function in the WalRK(Spn) two-component system regulon, which also contains the essential pcsB cell division gene. Several mutants did not show overt phenotypes, which is perhaps indicative of redundancy. In contrast, two new mutants showed distinct defects in PG biosynthesis. One mutation was in a gene designated dacB (spd_0549), which we showed encodes an L,D-carboxypeptidase involved in PG maturation. Notably, dacB mutants, similar to dacA (D,D-carboxypeptidase) mutants, exhibited defects in cell shape and septation, consistent with the idea that the availability of PG peptide precursors is important for proper PG biosynthesis. Epistasis analysis indicated that DacA functions before DacB in @entity5171 removal, and immunofluorescence microscopy showed that DacA and DacB are located over the entire surface of pneumococcal cells. The other mutation was in WalRK(Spn) regulon gene spd_0703, which encodes a putative membrane protein that may function as a type of conserved streptococcal shape, elongation, division, and sporulation (SEDS) protein.

title: Characterization of mutants deficient in the L,D-carboxypeptidase (DacB) and WalRK (VicRK) regulon, involved in peptidoglycan maturation of @entity328 serotype 2 strain XXXX .

answer: @entity20485 :: (373153,Species) :: ['D39']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blocking both @entity7 and ligand of the @entity7 @entity7 (R) pathway might be feasible and increase antitumor activity. This phase I study investigated @entity17172 , an oral @entity669 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity319 , combined with bevacizumab, in adults with solid @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were treated in successive cohorts with @entity17172 (twice-daily continuously, 450-900 mg) or bevacizumab (bi-weekly, starting dose 5 mg/kg). Safety, pharmacokinetics, endothelial (progenitor) cell (E(P)C)/growth factor kinetics and efficacy were assessed. RESULTS: Most frequent adverse events were @entity158 , @entity390 , voice changes and fatigue. Five dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) occurred: @entity101 (cohort I and II), bowel perforation, lipase increase and @entity956 (cohort III). @entity137 resulted in a bevacizumab dose reduction to 1 mg/kg (cohort III). Due to three DLTs (n = 14), this cohort represented the best-tolerated dose level. Bevacizumab effectively neutralized plasma @entity7 even at 1 mg/kg. Twelve @entity1 had stable disease (clinical benefit 46%). EPC and SDF-1a levels increased during monotherapy @entity17172 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity17172 (450 mg b.i.d.) combined with bevacizumab (1 mg/kg bi-weekly) shows antitumor activity, but accumulating constitutional @entity137 impedes long-term treatment of @entity1 . Therefore, this combination will not be pursued in a phase II setting.

title: Phase I evaluation of @entity17172 , a @entity7 @entity7 XXXX kinase inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab in subjects with advanced solid @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Cumulative toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor (receptor)', 'VEGF', 'receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity17172 :: ('MESH:C533371', 'Chemical') :: ['Telatinib', 'telatinib']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blocking both @entity7 and ligand of the @entity7 @entity7 (R) pathway might be feasible and increase antitumor activity. This phase I study investigated @entity17172 , an oral @entity669 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity319 , combined with bevacizumab, in adults with solid @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were treated in successive cohorts with @entity17172 (twice-daily continuously, 450-900 mg) or bevacizumab (bi-weekly, starting dose 5 mg/kg). Safety, pharmacokinetics, endothelial (progenitor) cell (E(P)C)/growth factor kinetics and efficacy were assessed. RESULTS: Most frequent adverse events were @entity158 , @entity390 , voice changes and fatigue. Five dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) occurred: @entity101 (cohort I and II), bowel perforation, lipase increase and @entity956 (cohort III). @entity137 resulted in a bevacizumab dose reduction to 1 mg/kg (cohort III). Due to three DLTs (n = 14), this cohort represented the best-tolerated dose level. Bevacizumab effectively neutralized plasma @entity7 even at 1 mg/kg. Twelve @entity1 had stable disease (clinical benefit 46%). EPC and SDF-1a levels increased during monotherapy @entity17172 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity17172 (450 mg b.i.d.) combined with bevacizumab (1 mg/kg bi-weekly) shows antitumor activity, but accumulating constitutional @entity137 impedes long-term treatment of @entity1 . Therefore, this combination will not be pursued in a phase II setting.

title: Phase I evaluation of @entity17172 , a XXXX @entity7 @entity669 kinase inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab in subjects with advanced solid @entity5 .

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blocking both @entity7 and ligand of the @entity7 @entity7 (R) pathway might be feasible and increase antitumor activity. This phase I study investigated @entity17172 , an oral @entity669 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity319 , combined with bevacizumab, in adults with solid @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were treated in successive cohorts with @entity17172 (twice-daily continuously, 450-900 mg) or bevacizumab (bi-weekly, starting dose 5 mg/kg). Safety, pharmacokinetics, endothelial (progenitor) cell (E(P)C)/growth factor kinetics and efficacy were assessed. RESULTS: Most frequent adverse events were @entity158 , @entity390 , voice changes and fatigue. Five dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) occurred: @entity101 (cohort I and II), bowel perforation, lipase increase and @entity956 (cohort III). @entity137 resulted in a bevacizumab dose reduction to 1 mg/kg (cohort III). Due to three DLTs (n = 14), this cohort represented the best-tolerated dose level. Bevacizumab effectively neutralized plasma @entity7 even at 1 mg/kg. Twelve @entity1 had stable disease (clinical benefit 46%). EPC and SDF-1a levels increased during monotherapy @entity17172 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity17172 (450 mg b.i.d.) combined with bevacizumab (1 mg/kg bi-weekly) shows antitumor activity, but accumulating constitutional @entity137 impedes long-term treatment of @entity1 . Therefore, this combination will not be pursued in a phase II setting.

title: Phase I evaluation of @entity17172 , a @entity7 XXXX @entity669 kinase inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab in subjects with advanced solid @entity5 .

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blocking both @entity7 and ligand of the @entity7 @entity7 (R) pathway might be feasible and increase antitumor activity. This phase I study investigated @entity17172 , an oral @entity669 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity319 , combined with bevacizumab, in adults with solid @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were treated in successive cohorts with @entity17172 (twice-daily continuously, 450-900 mg) or bevacizumab (bi-weekly, starting dose 5 mg/kg). Safety, pharmacokinetics, endothelial (progenitor) cell (E(P)C)/growth factor kinetics and efficacy were assessed. RESULTS: Most frequent adverse events were @entity158 , @entity390 , voice changes and fatigue. Five dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) occurred: @entity101 (cohort I and II), bowel perforation, lipase increase and @entity956 (cohort III). @entity137 resulted in a bevacizumab dose reduction to 1 mg/kg (cohort III). Due to three DLTs (n = 14), this cohort represented the best-tolerated dose level. Bevacizumab effectively neutralized plasma @entity7 even at 1 mg/kg. Twelve @entity1 had stable disease (clinical benefit 46%). EPC and SDF-1a levels increased during monotherapy @entity17172 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity17172 (450 mg b.i.d.) combined with bevacizumab (1 mg/kg bi-weekly) shows antitumor activity, but accumulating constitutional @entity137 impedes long-term treatment of @entity1 . Therefore, this combination will not be pursued in a phase II setting.

title: Phase I evaluation of XXXX , a @entity7 @entity7 @entity669 kinase inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab in subjects with advanced solid @entity5 .

answer: @entity17172 :: (MESH:C533371,Chemical) :: ['telatinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blocking both @entity7 and ligand of the @entity7 @entity7 (R) pathway might be feasible and increase antitumor activity. This phase I study investigated @entity17172 , an oral @entity669 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity319 , combined with bevacizumab, in adults with solid @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were treated in successive cohorts with @entity17172 (twice-daily continuously, 450-900 mg) or bevacizumab (bi-weekly, starting dose 5 mg/kg). Safety, pharmacokinetics, endothelial (progenitor) cell (E(P)C)/growth factor kinetics and efficacy were assessed. RESULTS: Most frequent adverse events were @entity158 , @entity390 , voice changes and fatigue. Five dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) occurred: @entity101 (cohort I and II), bowel perforation, lipase increase and @entity956 (cohort III). @entity137 resulted in a bevacizumab dose reduction to 1 mg/kg (cohort III). Due to three DLTs (n = 14), this cohort represented the best-tolerated dose level. Bevacizumab effectively neutralized plasma @entity7 even at 1 mg/kg. Twelve @entity1 had stable disease (clinical benefit 46%). EPC and SDF-1a levels increased during monotherapy @entity17172 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity17172 (450 mg b.i.d.) combined with bevacizumab (1 mg/kg bi-weekly) shows antitumor activity, but accumulating constitutional @entity137 impedes long-term treatment of @entity1 . Therefore, this combination will not be pursued in a phase II setting.

title: Phase I evaluation of @entity17172 , a @entity7 @entity7 @entity669 kinase inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab in subjects with advanced solid XXXX .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The intensity and selection of therapy for the treatment of @entity6 in elderly @entity1 are discussed. SUMMARY: Glycemic control is fundamental in @entity6 care; however, as glycemic goals are approached, the risk of @entity4053 increases. This risk is even greater in the elderly due to many predisposing factors, including @entity177 , polypharmacy, drug-drug interactions, comorbidities, irregular meal patterns, and infrequent self-monitoring of blood @entity413 . When deciding on the desired intensity of @entity6 treatment, the risk of hypoglycemic complications must be weighed against the potential benefit of reducing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Three large-scale, randomized controlled trials examining the effects of intensive versus standard glycemic control on microvascular and macrovascular outcomes in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 have been published in recent years. In general, a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) goal of <7% is reasonable for most @entity1 . A less-aggressive goal may be considered for @entity1 at high risk of @entity4053 or high risk of complications from @entity4053 , as long as acutely symptomatic @entity4854 is avoided. @entity16860 , @entity5217 , and @entity6170 , which pose a great risk for @entity4053 , should be avoided in the elderly. CONCLUSION: In the absence of clear evidence advocating strict glycemic targets goal of <7% is for elderly @entity1 , an HbA(1c) reasonable for most @entity1 ; however, the risk of hypoglycemic complications must be weighed against the potential benefit of reducing microvascular and @entity66 . @entity2449 may be used as first-line therapy, but @entity16860 and @entity5217 , which pose a great risk for @entity4053 , should be avoided in the elderly. Due to increased cardiovascular risk, use of @entity6170 in the elderly should also be avoided.

title: Special considerations for treatment of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glyburide']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity16860 :: ('MESH:D002747', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpropamide', 'Chlorpropamide']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the 1990s, a number of cardiovascular drugs were evaluated in randomised clinical trials. Treatment guidelines for @entity712 were modified to include these evidence-based treatments. AIM: To evaluate the impact of new medical treatments for @entity712 between 1990 and 1998. METHODS AND RESULTS: A retrospective cohort study of 2764 @entity1 with a first hospital admission for @entity712 between 1990 and 1998. The percentage of @entity1 treated with different cardiovascular drugs after hospitalisation was calculated and compared over time. Use of loop diuretics remained steady approximately 80%, digoxin decreased from 57.6 to 42.7%, @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors showed a slight increase from 49.8 to 54.8%, beta-blockers almost tripled from 11.3 to 28.7%, low dose prophylactic @entity117 quadrupled from 9.9 to 39.9%. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates showed highest continuation rates of drug treatment for antithrombotics and diuretics, intermediate for digoxin and @entity1289 inhibitors and low for beta-blockers. More than a quarter of the users discontinued beta-blockers in the first year after hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an increase in the prescribing of several important drug classes, reflecting changes in treatment guidelines during the study period. However, our findings show that not all @entity1 were receiving optimal treatment. More research into the reasons for this is warranted.

title: Patterns of pharmacotherapy in @entity1 hospitalised for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the 1990s, a number of cardiovascular drugs were evaluated in randomised clinical trials. Treatment guidelines for @entity712 were modified to include these evidence-based treatments. AIM: To evaluate the impact of new medical treatments for @entity712 between 1990 and 1998. METHODS AND RESULTS: A retrospective cohort study of 2764 @entity1 with a first hospital admission for @entity712 between 1990 and 1998. The percentage of @entity1 treated with different cardiovascular drugs after hospitalisation was calculated and compared over time. Use of loop diuretics remained steady approximately 80%, digoxin decreased from 57.6 to 42.7%, @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors showed a slight increase from 49.8 to 54.8%, beta-blockers almost tripled from 11.3 to 28.7%, low dose prophylactic @entity117 quadrupled from 9.9 to 39.9%. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates showed highest continuation rates of drug treatment for antithrombotics and diuretics, intermediate for digoxin and @entity1289 inhibitors and low for beta-blockers. More than a quarter of the users discontinued beta-blockers in the first year after hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an increase in the prescribing of several important drug classes, reflecting changes in treatment guidelines during the study period. However, our findings show that not all @entity1 were receiving optimal treatment. More research into the reasons for this is warranted.

title: Patterns of pharmacotherapy in XXXX hospitalised for @entity712 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We compared the effects of protein, @entity1735 , or water ingestion on @entity1 renal blood flow (RBF) and cardiac output (CO). We validated and applied a noninvasive ultrasonic Doppler method to measure blood velocities and lumen diameters in the right renal artery and the ascending aorta of five healthy adults. From these measurements, we calculated the average RBF and CO over five cardiac cycles. Normalizing to body surface area, renal blood flow index to one kidney (RI) and cardiac index (CI) were calculated. The percentage of the CI distributed to a single kidney was determined as %CI = RI/CI. Subjects were studied randomly on three separate days after ingestion of each of the following equivolume (500 ml) meals: 1) 150 g protein, 30 g fat, and 30 g @entity1735 (P); 2) 150 g @entity1735 , 30 g fat, and 30 g protein (C); and 3) water. Data were obtained after 12 h of fasting and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min postprandially. Analysis of covariance revealed significant (P less than 0.05) increases from fasting levels in postprandial RI at 90 to 240 min after P. Postprandial RI with P was significantly higher than with C at 180 and 240 min. Postprandial %CI with P and C decreased significantly from the fasting value at 30 to 180 min. Heart rate and mean arm cuff blood pressure did not change significantly with any diet. Results suggest that the protein-rich meal evokes a more sustained increase in postprandial RI than the @entity1735 rich meal. Despite the increase in postprandial RI, the percentage of cardiac output perfusing a kidney declines similarly with both diets.

title: Noninvasive Doppler assessment of XXXX postprandial renal blood flow and cardiac output.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To obtain accurate disease @entity5 , we routinely perform regional lymph node dissection (LND) in conjunction with laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (NU) to treat @entity189 of the upper urinary tract. The present study evaluated the feasibility and usefulness of LND in laparoscopic NU. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic NU with regional LND were included in the present study. We evaluated the number of lymph nodes (LNs) resected, pathological node status, adverse events, and survival data. Node count was compared with that of 41 @entity1 who underwent open NU between 1990 and 2008. RESULTS: The median number of LNs removed was 10 (range, 2-59) in the laparoscopic NU group and 10 (range, 1-65) in the open NU group (Mann-Whitney U-test, p   =   0.82). Pathological examination demonstrated positive LNs in four @entity1 (10.3%) and three of the four @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Although chylous drain discharge was detected just after resuming dietary intake in eight @entity1 , it resolved without significant problem. Five-year overall survival by stage was 100% for pT2 >=  disease, 55% for @entity1803 disease, and 0% for pT4 disease. CONCLUSIONS: LND can be performed safely and effectively during laparoscopic nephroureterectmy. We consider that accurate node @entity5 and subsequent stratification are mandatory for disease management.

title: Outcome of regional lymph node dissection in conjunction with laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for XXXX of the upper urinary tract.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['staging']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: A demonstration project was conducted to assess feasibility of implementing HPV detection-based cervical @entity5 screening in primary care settings in India and to generate local evidence on feasibility and effectiveness of HPV detection in primary screening. METHODS: The project was implemented by setting up screening clinics at primary health centers. Eligible @entity1 were screened by HPV DNA test (Hybrid capture 2). All samples were processed and tested in a single laboratory. Colposcopy services were provided to screen-positive @entity1 at the same community clinics. Project utilized services of community health workers for community mobilization, recall of screen-positive and disease-positive @entity1 . @entity1 with >= CIN2 diagnosis were treated at tertiary hospital. RESULTS: Totally, 44,110 @entity1 were screened and HPV positivity was 4.7  %. Compliance to recall of @entity14043 -positive @entity1 for colposcopy was 78  %. Detection rate of CIN3+ by HPV test was 3.9/1,000 @entity1 . Compliance of @entity1 to treatment was 80.1  %. However, compliance of HPV-positive @entity1 for follow-up at 1  year was poor (23.2  %). Concurrent use of VIA to screen the @entity1 did not have any advantage but increased number of unnecessary colposcopies and biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Our project demonstrated that it was possible to implement HPV detection-based screening using existing primary healthcare infrastructure. Performing colposcopy at primary setting is feasible, improves compliance and reduces over-treatment. In settings with low to moderately high HPV prevalence, direct referral of HPV-positive @entity1 is advisable. Community health workers can be effectively used for recalling the positive @entity1 .

title: HPV detection-based cervical XXXX screening program in low-resource setting: lessons learnt from a community-based demonstration project in India.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']