abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3264 excitotoxicity contributes to the development of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and pharmacological blockade of metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 ( @entity10092 ) has beneficial anti- @entity2845 effects in animal models of @entity191 ; however, the mechanism by which these antagonists alleviate @entity191 symptoms is largely unknown. In our study, the effects of @entity10092 inhibition on DNA damage were investigated in a @entity3788 -induced model of @entity191 . We first found that the selective @entity10092 antagonist, @entity12369 , prevented @entity3788 -induced DNA damage in MN9D dopaminergic neurons through a mechanism involving the downregulation of intracellular @entity460 release which was associated with a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-related @entity2383 . Interestingly, the ROS-related @entity2383 was accompanied by an increase in expression of the antioxidant protein, Trx2. Treatment of cells with the @entity460 chelating agent @entity18650 or the ROS scavenger @entity898 , also reduced @entity3788 -induced DNA damage, while transfection of a dominant-negative form of Trx2 increased it. In addition, @entity10092 inhibition altered the expression profiles of proteins involved in DNA repair activity. Specifically, the expression of phosphorylated @entity2509 (p- @entity2509 ) and @entity14889 , as well as APE1 and @entity46985 were elevated after @entity3788 stimulation and were subsequently downregulated following blockade of @entity10092 . These findings were confirmed in vivo in a @entity3788 -induced @entity35 model of @entity191 . Inhibition of @entity10092 protected against @entity2359 by mitigating oxidative stress-related DNA damage associated with @entity20821 production and also reduced p- @entity2509 activity and Trx2 expression. These findings provide a novel link between @entity10092 and DNA damage in a model of @entity191 , and reveal a potential mechanism by which @entity10092 mediates DNA damage in @entity179 .

title: Blockade of metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 protects against DNA damage in a XXXX -induced @entity191 model.

entities_list: @entity20821 :: ('MESH:C067134', 'Chemical') :: ["8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity12369 :: ('MESH:C121465', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methyl-6- (phenylethynyl) pyridine']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-L-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18650 :: ('MESH:C025603', 'Chemical') :: ["1,2-bis-(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid"]

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity3788 :: (MESH:D012402,Chemical) :: ['rotenone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3264 excitotoxicity contributes to the development of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and pharmacological blockade of metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 ( @entity10092 ) has beneficial anti- @entity2845 effects in animal models of @entity191 ; however, the mechanism by which these antagonists alleviate @entity191 symptoms is largely unknown. In our study, the effects of @entity10092 inhibition on DNA damage were investigated in a @entity3788 -induced model of @entity191 . We first found that the selective @entity10092 antagonist, @entity12369 , prevented @entity3788 -induced DNA damage in MN9D dopaminergic neurons through a mechanism involving the downregulation of intracellular @entity460 release which was associated with a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-related @entity2383 . Interestingly, the ROS-related @entity2383 was accompanied by an increase in expression of the antioxidant protein, Trx2. Treatment of cells with the @entity460 chelating agent @entity18650 or the ROS scavenger @entity898 , also reduced @entity3788 -induced DNA damage, while transfection of a dominant-negative form of Trx2 increased it. In addition, @entity10092 inhibition altered the expression profiles of proteins involved in DNA repair activity. Specifically, the expression of phosphorylated @entity2509 (p- @entity2509 ) and @entity14889 , as well as APE1 and @entity46985 were elevated after @entity3788 stimulation and were subsequently downregulated following blockade of @entity10092 . These findings were confirmed in vivo in a @entity3788 -induced @entity35 model of @entity191 . Inhibition of @entity10092 protected against @entity2359 by mitigating oxidative stress-related DNA damage associated with @entity20821 production and also reduced p- @entity2509 activity and Trx2 expression. These findings provide a novel link between @entity10092 and DNA damage in a model of @entity191 , and reveal a potential mechanism by which @entity10092 mediates DNA damage in @entity179 .

title: Blockade of metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 protects against DNA damage in a @entity3788 -induced XXXX model.

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3264 excitotoxicity contributes to the development of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and pharmacological blockade of metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 ( @entity10092 ) has beneficial anti- @entity2845 effects in animal models of @entity191 ; however, the mechanism by which these antagonists alleviate @entity191 symptoms is largely unknown. In our study, the effects of @entity10092 inhibition on DNA damage were investigated in a @entity3788 -induced model of @entity191 . We first found that the selective @entity10092 antagonist, @entity12369 , prevented @entity3788 -induced DNA damage in MN9D dopaminergic neurons through a mechanism involving the downregulation of intracellular @entity460 release which was associated with a reduction in endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive @entity26 species (ROS)-related @entity2383 . Interestingly, the ROS-related @entity2383 was accompanied by an increase in expression of the antioxidant protein, Trx2. Treatment of cells with the @entity460 chelating agent @entity18650 or the ROS scavenger @entity898 , also reduced @entity3788 -induced DNA damage, while transfection of a dominant-negative form of Trx2 increased it. In addition, @entity10092 inhibition altered the expression profiles of proteins involved in DNA repair activity. Specifically, the expression of phosphorylated @entity2509 (p- @entity2509 ) and @entity14889 , as well as APE1 and @entity46985 were elevated after @entity3788 stimulation and were subsequently downregulated following blockade of @entity10092 . These findings were confirmed in vivo in a @entity3788 -induced @entity35 model of @entity191 . Inhibition of @entity10092 protected against @entity2359 by mitigating oxidative stress-related DNA damage associated with @entity20821 production and also reduced p- @entity2509 activity and Trx2 expression. These findings provide a novel link between @entity10092 and DNA damage in a model of @entity191 , and reveal a potential mechanism by which @entity10092 mediates DNA damage in @entity179 .

title: Blockade of metabotropic XXXX receptor 5 protects against DNA damage in a @entity3788 -induced @entity191 model.

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify CT characteristics of @entity5606 , a rare, aggressive, malignant @entity5 of unknown origin that occurs mainly in @entity1 and young @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans of eight @entity1 (newborn to 13 years old; mode, 4 months old; six @entity1 and two @entity1 ) with histopathologic diagnosis of @entity5606 were evaluated retrospectively by two of the authors, who were not blinded to the diagnosis. All eight CT scans were performed with intravenous and oral contrast, and noncontrast intravenous CT scans were available in four cases. The following CT characteristics were evaluated: location of @entity5 within the kidney; presence of @entity730 , subcapsular @entity1410 , multiple @entity5 lobules, enlarged vessels, @entity1350 , or central @entity5 @entity39 or @entity548 ; visibility of @entity5 margin; distant @entity3 ; and @entity5 size. RESULTS: All eight primary @entity5 (five on the left, one of which had contralateral renal nodules) were central in location and involved the hilum. Calcification outlining the @entity5 lobule was present in two of the four @entity5 on noncontrast CT scans. Subcapsular @entity1410 was seen in five @entity1 . Tumor @entity39 and @entity548 were seen in seven @entity1 . @entity5 were well defined from the renal cortex in four @entity1 . Lobules of @entity5 were seen in seven @entity1 . CONCLUSION: CT findings of @entity730 , subcapsular @entity1410 , and lobular appearance in a large, centrally located, and heterogeneous renal mass in a @entity1 suggest a @entity5606 .

title: XXXX of the kidney in @entity1 : CT findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdoid tumor of the kidney']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5606 :: (MESH:D018335,Disease) :: ['Rhabdoid tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify CT characteristics of @entity5606 , a rare, aggressive, malignant @entity5 of unknown origin that occurs mainly in @entity1 and young @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans of eight @entity1 (newborn to 13 years old; mode, 4 months old; six @entity1 and two @entity1 ) with histopathologic diagnosis of @entity5606 were evaluated retrospectively by two of the authors, who were not blinded to the diagnosis. All eight CT scans were performed with intravenous and oral contrast, and noncontrast intravenous CT scans were available in four cases. The following CT characteristics were evaluated: location of @entity5 within the kidney; presence of @entity730 , subcapsular @entity1410 , multiple @entity5 lobules, enlarged vessels, @entity1350 , or central @entity5 @entity39 or @entity548 ; visibility of @entity5 margin; distant @entity3 ; and @entity5 size. RESULTS: All eight primary @entity5 (five on the left, one of which had contralateral renal nodules) were central in location and involved the hilum. Calcification outlining the @entity5 lobule was present in two of the four @entity5 on noncontrast CT scans. Subcapsular @entity1410 was seen in five @entity1 . Tumor @entity39 and @entity548 were seen in seven @entity1 . @entity5 were well defined from the renal cortex in four @entity1 . Lobules of @entity5 were seen in seven @entity1 . CONCLUSION: CT findings of @entity730 , subcapsular @entity1410 , and lobular appearance in a large, centrally located, and heterogeneous renal mass in a @entity1 suggest a @entity5606 .

title: @entity5606 of the kidney in XXXX : CT findings.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity775 ( @entity775 ) is a progressive @entity409 of unknown etiology, with limited population-based estimates of pediatric incidence. We reported the incidence of pediatric @entity775 in Canada and described its clinical characteristics. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 aged <18 years diagnosed with @entity775 between 2000-2009 at all pediatric centers in Canada. RESULTS: A total of 159 @entity1 with @entity775 (60.3% female, 13.2% type 2 @entity775 ) were identified. Annual incidence was 0.23 per 100000 @entity1 . Median age at presentation for type 1 was 12 years (interquartile range: 11-14) versus 10 years for type 2 (interquartile range: 4.5-13) (P = .03). Fatigue (58%), @entity1087 (54%), and @entity490 (49%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Serum albumin (33 vs 38 g/L; P = .03) and platelet count (187   000 vs 249   000; P <.001) were significantly lower and the international normalized ratio (1.4 vs 1.2; P <.001) was higher in cirrhotic versus noncirrhotic @entity1 . Initial treatment included corticosteroids (80%), @entity500 (32%), and/or @entity205 (13%). Response to treatment at 1 year was complete in 90%, and partial in 3%. 3% of @entity1 had no response, and 3% responded and later relapsed. Nine @entity1 underwent liver transplantation, and 4 @entity1 died at a mean follow-up of 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity775 is uncommon in @entity1 and adolescents in Canada. Type 1 @entity775 was diagnosed 5.5 times more frequently than type 2 @entity775 . Most @entity1 respond well to conventional therapy, diminishing the need for liver transplantation.

title: Incidence and Characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory liver disease']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'Autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune Hepatitis']


abstract: The forearm perfusion technique was used 1) to quantify the muscle metabolism of @entity413 and gluconeogenic precursors in response to insulin-induced @entity4053 and 2) to assess the role of @entity2661 and @entity413 concentration, pe se. Insulin (0.5 mU.kg-1.min-1) was infused for 4 h in three groups of healthy volunteers. In group I (n = 6), blood @entity413 (BG) was maintained at its basal level (4.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/l). In group II (n = 7), BG was allowed to fall to approximately 3 mmol/l. Group III (n = 6) was similar to group II except that @entity1169 was infused also. In addition, at 240 min, @entity4053 was locally corrected by intrabrachial @entity413 infusion while maintaining the systemic milieu unperturbed. In group I, forearm @entity413 uptake (FGU) increased from 4.7 +/- 1.3 to a mean value of 37.8 +/- 5.0 mumol.l-1.min-1, whereas in group II it remained unchanged (8.3 +/- 2.0 mumol.l-1.min-1). In group III, @entity1169 partially prevented the suppression of FGU that increased to 21.6 +/- 5.2 mumol.l-1.min-1 (P < 0.05 vs. group II). Local correction of @entity4053 normalized the FGU response (36.5 +/- 8.0 mumol.l-1.min-1). Muscle release of @entity880 , but not of @entity493 , was slightly higher during @entity4053 (P = not significant). Forearm blood flow remained unchanged in groups I and III, whereas it increased by approximately 40% in group II (P < 0.05). It is concluded that, during mild @entity4053 1) extreme insulin resistance develops in the skeletal muscle, mediated by beta-adrenergic stimulation and reduced @entity413 mass effect and 2) mobilization of gluconeogenic precursors is only weakly activated.

title: Forearm muscle insulin resistance during XXXX : role of adrenergic mechanisms and @entity4053 per se.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: The forearm perfusion technique was used 1) to quantify the muscle metabolism of @entity413 and gluconeogenic precursors in response to insulin-induced @entity4053 and 2) to assess the role of @entity2661 and @entity413 concentration, pe se. Insulin (0.5 mU.kg-1.min-1) was infused for 4 h in three groups of healthy volunteers. In group I (n = 6), blood @entity413 (BG) was maintained at its basal level (4.5 +/- 0.1 mmol/l). In group II (n = 7), BG was allowed to fall to approximately 3 mmol/l. Group III (n = 6) was similar to group II except that @entity1169 was infused also. In addition, at 240 min, @entity4053 was locally corrected by intrabrachial @entity413 infusion while maintaining the systemic milieu unperturbed. In group I, forearm @entity413 uptake (FGU) increased from 4.7 +/- 1.3 to a mean value of 37.8 +/- 5.0 mumol.l-1.min-1, whereas in group II it remained unchanged (8.3 +/- 2.0 mumol.l-1.min-1). In group III, @entity1169 partially prevented the suppression of FGU that increased to 21.6 +/- 5.2 mumol.l-1.min-1 (P < 0.05 vs. group II). Local correction of @entity4053 normalized the FGU response (36.5 +/- 8.0 mumol.l-1.min-1). Muscle release of @entity880 , but not of @entity493 , was slightly higher during @entity4053 (P = not significant). Forearm blood flow remained unchanged in groups I and III, whereas it increased by approximately 40% in group II (P < 0.05). It is concluded that, during mild @entity4053 1) extreme insulin resistance develops in the skeletal muscle, mediated by beta-adrenergic stimulation and reduced @entity413 mass effect and 2) mobilization of gluconeogenic precursors is only weakly activated.

title: Forearm muscle insulin resistance during @entity4053 : role of adrenergic mechanisms and XXXX per se.

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heparan @entity597 proteoglycans (HSPGs) are complex molecules involved in the growth, invasion and metastatic properties of cancerous cells. This study analyses the alterations in the expression patterns of these molecules in right sided @entity14 ( @entity14 ), both metastatic and non-metastatic. METHODS: Twenty right sided CRCs were studied. A transcriptomic approach was used, employing qPCR to analyze both the expression of the enzymes involved in heparan @entity597 (HS) chains biosynthesis, as well as the proteoglycan core proteins. Since some of these proteoglycans can also carry chondroitin @entity597 (CS) chains, we include the study of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these glycosaminoglycans. Immunohistochemical techniques were also used to analyze tissue expression of particular genes showing significant expression differences, of potential interest. RESULTS: Changes in proteoglycan core proteins differ depending on their location; those located intracellularly or in the extracellular matrix show very similar alteration patterns, while those located on the cell surface vary greatly depending on the nature of the @entity5 : glypicans 1, 3, 6 and betaglycan are affected in the non-metastatic @entity5 , whereas in the metastatic, only @entity39994 and @entity13221 are modified, the latter showing opposing alterations in levels of RNA and of protein, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation in these @entity5 . Furthermore, in non-metastatic @entity5 , polymerization of glycosaminoglycan chains is modified, particularly affecting the synthesis of the @entity42693 linker and the initiation and elongation of CS chains, HS chains being less affected. Regarding the enzymes responsible for the modificaton of the HS chains, alterations were only found in non-metastatic @entity5 , affecting N-sulfation and the isoforms @entity71191 , HS3ST3B and @entity71192 . In contrast, synthesis of the CS chains suggests changes in epimerization and sulfation of the C4 and C2 in both types of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Right sided CRCs show alterations in the expression of HSPGs, including the expression of the cell surface core proteins, many glycosiltransferases and some enzymes that modify the HS chains depending on the metastatic nature of the @entity5 , resulting more affected in non-metastatic ones. However, matrix proteoglycans and enzymes involved in CS fine structure synthesis are extensively modified independetly of the presence of lymph node @entity3 .

title: Heparan XXXX proteoglycans undergo differential expression alterations in right sided @entity14 , depending on their metastatic character.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity42693 :: ('CHEBI:50126', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrasaccharide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heparan @entity597 proteoglycans (HSPGs) are complex molecules involved in the growth, invasion and metastatic properties of cancerous cells. This study analyses the alterations in the expression patterns of these molecules in right sided @entity14 ( @entity14 ), both metastatic and non-metastatic. METHODS: Twenty right sided CRCs were studied. A transcriptomic approach was used, employing qPCR to analyze both the expression of the enzymes involved in heparan @entity597 (HS) chains biosynthesis, as well as the proteoglycan core proteins. Since some of these proteoglycans can also carry chondroitin @entity597 (CS) chains, we include the study of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of these glycosaminoglycans. Immunohistochemical techniques were also used to analyze tissue expression of particular genes showing significant expression differences, of potential interest. RESULTS: Changes in proteoglycan core proteins differ depending on their location; those located intracellularly or in the extracellular matrix show very similar alteration patterns, while those located on the cell surface vary greatly depending on the nature of the @entity5 : glypicans 1, 3, 6 and betaglycan are affected in the non-metastatic @entity5 , whereas in the metastatic, only @entity39994 and @entity13221 are modified, the latter showing opposing alterations in levels of RNA and of protein, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation in these @entity5 . Furthermore, in non-metastatic @entity5 , polymerization of glycosaminoglycan chains is modified, particularly affecting the synthesis of the @entity42693 linker and the initiation and elongation of CS chains, HS chains being less affected. Regarding the enzymes responsible for the modificaton of the HS chains, alterations were only found in non-metastatic @entity5 , affecting N-sulfation and the isoforms @entity71191 , HS3ST3B and @entity71192 . In contrast, synthesis of the CS chains suggests changes in epimerization and sulfation of the C4 and C2 in both types of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Right sided CRCs show alterations in the expression of HSPGs, including the expression of the cell surface core proteins, many glycosiltransferases and some enzymes that modify the HS chains depending on the metastatic nature of the @entity5 , resulting more affected in non-metastatic ones. However, matrix proteoglycans and enzymes involved in CS fine structure synthesis are extensively modified independetly of the presence of lymph node @entity3 .

title: Heparan @entity597 proteoglycans undergo differential expression alterations in right sided XXXX , depending on their metastatic character.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Learning is believed to be reflected in the activity of the hippocampus. However, neural correlates of learning have been difficult to characterize because hippocampal activity is integrated with ongoing behavior. To address this issue, male @entity35 (n   =   5) implanted with electrodes (n   =   14) in the @entity1249 subfield responded during two tasks within a single test session. In one task, subjects acquired a new 3-response sequence (acquisition), whereas in the other task, subjects completed a well-rehearsed 3-response sequence (performance). Both tasks though could be completed using an identical response topography and used the same sensory stimuli and schedule of reinforcement. More important, comparing neural patterns during sequence acquisition to those during sequence performance allows for a subtractive approach whereby activity associated with learning could potentially be dissociated from the activity associated with ongoing behavior. At sites where @entity1249 activity was closely associated with behavior, the patterns of activity were differentially modulated by key position and the serial position of a response within the schedule of reinforcement. Temporal shifts between peak activity and responding on particular keys also occurred during sequence acquisition, but not during sequence performance. @entity1068 disrupted @entity1249 activity while producing rate-decreasing effects in both tasks and error-increasing effects that were more selective for sequence acquisition than sequence performance. @entity1068 also produced alterations in the magnitude of modulations and temporal pattern of @entity1249 activity, although these effects were not selective for sequence acquisition. Similar to @entity1068 , hippocampal micro-stimulation decreased response rate in both tasks and selectively increased the percentage of errors during sequence acquisition, and provided a more direct demonstration of hippocampal involvement during sequence acquisition. Together, these results strongly support the notion that @entity1068 disrupts sequence acquisition by disrupting hippocampal activity and that the hippocampus is necessary for the conditioned associations required for sequence acquisition.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Learning by subtraction: Hippocampal activity and effects of XXXX during the acquisition and performance of response sequences.

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the patency of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of autologous infrainguinal bypasses at risk. METHODS: This was a retrospective single-center cohort study of consecutive @entity1 who underwent primary PTA of an infrainguinal autologous bypass at risk from January 2009 to December 2013. Duplex ultrasound surveillance was performed for at least 1  year after PTA. The primary study end point was the number of secondary interventions. Secondary end points were freedom from recurrent @entity850 or bypass occlusion and the patency of the infrainguinal autologous bypass at 1  year after primary PTA. RESULTS: A total of 69 infrainguinal bypasses at risk in 69 @entity1 were identified and treated with PTA. Technical success was achieved in 91%. The median follow-up was 17  months (range, 1-58  months). During follow-up, 30 bypasses (43%) remained free of significant @entity850 or bypass occlusion, 29 bypasses (42%) developed recurrent @entity850 , and 10 bypasses (14%) occluded. Rates of primary assisted, and secondary patency at 1  year were 84%, and 86%. Five (7%) major amputations were performed, all after bypass occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: Secondary interventions after PTA of a bypass at risk are common. However, repeated secondary interventions of autologous infrainguinal bypasses at risk result in patency rates of more than 80% at 1  year.

title: Secondary interventions in XXXX with autologous infrainguinal bypass grafts strongly improve patency rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effects of @entity4088 , an @entity4086 derivative, were studied on intraocular pressure (IOP), outflow facility, @entity7462 flow, and pupil size in monkeys. Unilateral topical administration of two 20-microliters drops of 0.1% @entity4088 significantly lowered IOP in the treated- and contralateral eye in both normal- and @entity20388 . In 12 normal monkeys, the baseline IOP of 18.3 +/- 0.4 mmHg [mean +/- S.E.(M.)] was maximally reduced to 14.4 +/- 0.7 mmHg in the treated eye (P less than 0.001) and 14.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg in the contralateral eye (P less than 0.001) at 2 hr after drug administration. In 10 monkeys made bilaterally glaucomatous by argon laser treatment of the trabecular meshwork, the baseline IOP of 33.9 +/- 3.0 mmHg [mean +/- S.E.(M.)] in the treated eyes and 31.7 +/- 3.3 mmHg in the untreated eyes maximally decreased to 23.9 +/- 2.2 mmHg (P less than 0.05) and 26.2 +/- 3.3 mmHg (P less than 0.005), respectively, at 5 hr. No significant change (P greater than 0.7) in outflow facility occurred in either eye of 11 normal monkeys 2 hr after unilateral 0.1% @entity4088 treatment. In six normal monkeys, the baseline @entity7462 flow of 1.58 +/- 0.20 microliter @entity1009 in treated eyes and 1.44 +/- 0.18 microliter @entity1009 in untreated eyes was reduced to 0.92 +/- 0.08 microliter @entity1009 (P less than 0.02) and 1.09 +/- 0.11 microliter @entity1009 (P greater than 0.10), respectively, from 0.5- to 3.5 hr after drug administration. A mydriatic response was observed in both eyes after unilateral treatment from 1- to 2 hr in eight normal monkeys. By the third day of treatment, bilateral twice a day 0.1% @entity4088 drops in eight @entity735 no longer significantly (P greater than 0.05) decreased IOP.

title: Effect of topical @entity4088 on aqueous dynamics in normal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4088 :: ('MESH:D010479', 'Chemical') :: ['pergolide', 'pergolide mesylate']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous monkey eyes']

entities_list: @entity4086 :: ('MESH:D004873', 'Chemical') :: ['ergoline']

entities_list: @entity20388 :: ('MESH:D008992', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous monkeys']

answer: @entity20388 :: (MESH:D008992,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous monkeys']


abstract: The effects of @entity4088 , an @entity4086 derivative, were studied on intraocular pressure (IOP), outflow facility, @entity7462 flow, and pupil size in monkeys. Unilateral topical administration of two 20-microliters drops of 0.1% @entity4088 significantly lowered IOP in the treated- and contralateral eye in both normal- and @entity20388 . In 12 normal monkeys, the baseline IOP of 18.3 +/- 0.4 mmHg [mean +/- S.E.(M.)] was maximally reduced to 14.4 +/- 0.7 mmHg in the treated eye (P less than 0.001) and 14.6 +/- 0.6 mmHg in the contralateral eye (P less than 0.001) at 2 hr after drug administration. In 10 monkeys made bilaterally glaucomatous by argon laser treatment of the trabecular meshwork, the baseline IOP of 33.9 +/- 3.0 mmHg [mean +/- S.E.(M.)] in the treated eyes and 31.7 +/- 3.3 mmHg in the untreated eyes maximally decreased to 23.9 +/- 2.2 mmHg (P less than 0.05) and 26.2 +/- 3.3 mmHg (P less than 0.005), respectively, at 5 hr. No significant change (P greater than 0.7) in outflow facility occurred in either eye of 11 normal monkeys 2 hr after unilateral 0.1% @entity4088 treatment. In six normal monkeys, the baseline @entity7462 flow of 1.58 +/- 0.20 microliter @entity1009 in treated eyes and 1.44 +/- 0.18 microliter @entity1009 in untreated eyes was reduced to 0.92 +/- 0.08 microliter @entity1009 (P less than 0.02) and 1.09 +/- 0.11 microliter @entity1009 (P greater than 0.10), respectively, from 0.5- to 3.5 hr after drug administration. A mydriatic response was observed in both eyes after unilateral treatment from 1- to 2 hr in eight normal monkeys. By the third day of treatment, bilateral twice a day 0.1% @entity4088 drops in eight @entity735 no longer significantly (P greater than 0.05) decreased IOP.

title: Effect of topical XXXX on aqueous dynamics in normal and @entity20388 .

answer: @entity4088 :: (MESH:D010479,Chemical) :: ['pergolide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The natural history of penetrating @entity1066 of the iliac arteries (PUIA) has not been previously described. The potential for degeneration into pseudoanerysm and @entity397 are feared complications. It is hypothesized that PUIA, similar to their thoracic aortic counterparts, signal impending vascular catastrophe. METHODS: A search of computed tomography (CT) angiography reports for the words, "penetrating @entity1066 " was performed. @entity1 with PUIA who underwent CT imaging from October 2010 to August 2011 were identified. Their clinical course was followed through December 2014. If @entity1 with PUIA had additional vascular pathology that necessitated intervention, it was performed. A prospective and retrospective review of the imaging was performed when possible. Associated iliac diameter and @entity1066 dimensions were measured for @entity1 with repeat imaging (n  = 22). Demographic characteristics were compared for @entity1 who were identified as having penetrating @entity1066 of the abdominal aorta. Mann-Whitney U, Fisher exact, and Pearson correlation coefficient tests were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The calculated incidence of PUIA for @entity1 who underwent CT imaging was 0.3%. The age at the time of diagnosis was 70.7     10.0  years and the cohort included 28 male @entity1 (82.3%). Median clinical and imaging follow-up was 42.0 (range, 1-82) months and 40.5 (range, 1-77) months. Most @entity1 had a history of @entity101 (82.4%), @entity407 (76.5%), and @entity286 use (70.6%). Twenty-one @entity1 (61.8%) had concomitant @entity439 not necessarily associated with the PUIA. Although no PUIA @entity397 occurred, the population was sick because seven @entity1 (20.6%) were deceased at the study end. Only one individual presented with symptoms that could possibly be attributed to their PUIA. Repeat imaging was performed for 22 @entity1 (64.7%). The calculated median iliac artery diameter growth rate through the PUIA was 0.1 (range, 0-4.1) mm/y. CONCLUSIONS: PUIA are generally slow-growing and are found incidentally. Most @entity1 with PUIA were in their eighth decade with a history of @entity101 and @entity286 use. @entity1 with PUIA frequently have concurrent @entity449 that requires intervention. The mortality for this population was high, but was not caused by @entity397 of a PUIA.  Diameter changes noted in the PUIA during follow-up did not suggest @entity1066 treatment would improve survival.

title: The natural history of penetrating XXXX of the iliac arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of the Misago stent (Terumo Corp, Tokyo, Japan) in occlusive and stenotic superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease. METHODS: The safety and efficacy of the Misago SFA stent were evaluated prospectively in this initial collaboration trial between Japan and the United States. Because this trial enrolled @entity1 mainly from Japan and the United States and because there is a question as to whether a race difference exists in SFA stent performance, the race difference on outcome was also analyzed. In addition, results were compared with a prior SFA stent trial. RESULTS: The Misago stent was implanted in 261subjects with TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) type A and type B SFA lesions (201 subjects in the United States, 50 in Japan, 9 in Taiwan, 1 in South Korea). The mean age of the @entity1 was 69.3     10.0  years, and the mean lesion length was 83.8     41.3  mm. The overall 12-month primary patency rate and clinically driven @entity75 revascularization were 82.9% and 13.0%, respectively. Regional differences within the Occlusive/Stenotic Peripheral Artery Revascularization Study ( @entity24201 ) and outcomes between U.S. and Asian @entity1 were similar, including primary patency (82.9% vs 83.0%; P  = .889), clinically driven @entity75 revascularization (13.4% vs 11.7%; P  = .829), stent @entity174 rate (1.3% vs 0.0%; P  = 1.000), and stent @entity715 rate (0.5% vs 0.0%; P  = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS: @entity24201 12-month data showed satisfactory outcome of the Misago stent for the treatment of TASC type A and type B SFA lesions and appears to be comparable to recent stent trials. In addition, the lack of difference in outcome among races supports the value of international trials.

title: One-year outcomes of the U.S. and Japanese regulatory trial of the Misago stent for treatment of superficial femoral artery disease ( XXXX study).

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity24201 :: (56262,Species) :: ['OSPREY']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Amazon is responsible for approximately 40% of the American @entity232 (ATL) in Brazil. Herein the sustained presence of ATL in Manaus, the largest settlement in the Amazon, was investigated. Records of notification of historic cases, and data from cases prospectively enrolled in the Tropical Medicine Foundation of the Amazonas State were used. Geographic coordinates of prospective @entity1 ' living sites were used to detect inner-city clusters of ATL. Infecting @entity8436 species was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Among prospectively enrolled subjects, 94.8% were infected with @entity8436 ) guyanensis, 76.7% were male, 30.2% were 0-20 years old, and 69.8% had an urban residence. Historic cases showed a profile similar to that of prospectively enrolled subjects. Several clusters of ATL, widely distributed within the city of Manaus, could be detected. In conclusion, there was a high frequency of disease in young age groups and cases @entity2686 . It cannot be determined from these data whether transmission of these cases occurred within or outside the city of Manaus.

title: Sustained Presence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Urban Manaus, the Largest XXXX Settlement in the Amazon.

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['tegumentary leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity8436 :: ('5660', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania', 'Leishmania (Viannia']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['clustered in urban neighborhoods']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The physiological effects of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) on the kidney are mediated primarily by the @entity1808 type 1 ( @entity1809 ) receptor. Two highly similar @entity1809 receptor subtypes have been identified in the @entity35 by molecular cloning techniques, namely @entity1809 and @entity11154 . The intrarenal localization of the @entity1809 and @entity11154 receptor subtypes has not been studied by hybridization methods with subtype-specific receptor probes. Using radiolabeled probes from the 3' noncoding region of the @entity1809 and @entity11154 cDNAs, we localized @entity1809 mRNA in @entity35 kidney by in situ hybridization. Specificity of the 3' noncoding region probes was tested by Northern blot and solution hybridization methods. @entity1809 mRNA levels were highest in the liver, kidney, and adrenal. In contrast, @entity11154 mRNA levels were highest in the adrenal and pituitary and low in kidney. Autoradiographic localization of 125I-[Sar1,Ile8] @entity1808 binding indicated that the highest levels of @entity1809 receptors were found in glomeruli and vascular elements. In situ hybridization with a nonselective @entity1809 receptor riboprobe indicated that the highest levels of @entity1809 mRNA were in the outer medullary vasa recta and cortical glomeruli with additional diffuse labeling of the cortex and outer medulla, consistent with labeling of tubular elements. In contrast, in situ hybridization with the @entity1809 subtype selective probes revealed that @entity1809 receptor mRNA was primarily localized to the vasa recta and diffusely to the outer stripe of the outer medulla and the renal cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Localization of XXXX subtype mRNA in @entity35 kidney.

answer: @entity11154 :: (81638(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']


abstract: The physiological effects of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) on the kidney are mediated primarily by the @entity1808 type 1 ( @entity1809 ) receptor. Two highly similar @entity1809 receptor subtypes have been identified in the @entity35 by molecular cloning techniques, namely @entity1809 and @entity11154 . The intrarenal localization of the @entity1809 and @entity11154 receptor subtypes has not been studied by hybridization methods with subtype-specific receptor probes. Using radiolabeled probes from the 3' noncoding region of the @entity1809 and @entity11154 cDNAs, we localized @entity1809 mRNA in @entity35 kidney by in situ hybridization. Specificity of the 3' noncoding region probes was tested by Northern blot and solution hybridization methods. @entity1809 mRNA levels were highest in the liver, kidney, and adrenal. In contrast, @entity11154 mRNA levels were highest in the adrenal and pituitary and low in kidney. Autoradiographic localization of 125I-[Sar1,Ile8] @entity1808 binding indicated that the highest levels of @entity1809 receptors were found in glomeruli and vascular elements. In situ hybridization with a nonselective @entity1809 receptor riboprobe indicated that the highest levels of @entity1809 mRNA were in the outer medullary vasa recta and cortical glomeruli with additional diffuse labeling of the cortex and outer medulla, consistent with labeling of tubular elements. In contrast, in situ hybridization with the @entity1809 subtype selective probes revealed that @entity1809 receptor mRNA was primarily localized to the vasa recta and diffusely to the outer stripe of the outer medulla and the renal cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Localization of @entity11154 subtype mRNA in XXXX kidney.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work is to compare the positioning accuracy achieved by three different imaging techniques and planar vs. CBCT imaging for two common IGRT indications. METHODS: A collective of @entity263 and @entity135 @entity1 treated at our institution during the year 2013 was retrospectively analyzed. For all treatment fractions (3078 in total), the kind of acquired set-up image and the performed couch shift before treatment were assessed. The distribution of couch corrections was compared for three different imaging systems available at our institution: the treatment beam line operating at 6   MV, a dedicated imaging beam line of nominally 1   MV, and the kVision system at 70-121   kV. Shifts were analyzed for planar and cone-beam CT images. Based on the set-up corrections, CTV to @entity343 expansion margins were calculated. RESULTS: The difference in set-up corrections performed for the three energies and both techniques (planar vs. CBCT) was not significant for @entity135 @entity1 . For @entity263 all shifts had equal variance. Averages ranged from -0.7 to +0.7   mm. The set-up margins calculated on the basis of the observed shifts are 4.0   mm (AP) and 3.8   mm (SI, LR) for the head-and-neck @entity343 and 6.6   mm (SI), 6.7   mm (AP) and 7.9   mm (LR) for the @entity263 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: For three different linac-based imaging energies and planar/CBCT imaging, no relevant differences in set-up shifts were observed. The suggested set-up margins for these indications are of the order of 4   mm for head-and-neck and 6-8   mm for prostate treatment.

title: Set-up errors and planning margins in planar and CBCT image-guided radiotherapy using three different imaging systems: A clinical study for prostate and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head-and-neck cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plant phospholipase D (PLD), which can hydrolyze membrane phospholipids to produce @entity8558 (PA), a secondary signaling molecule, has been proposed to function in diverse plant stress responses. In this research, a qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of a @entity9688 phospholipase D alpha gene (CsPLDa) was induced by salt and drought stresses in the roots and leaves. To further study the roles of CsPLDa in regulating plant tolerance to salt, @entity968 ( @entity970 ) and @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) stresses, transgenic @entity286 plants constitutively overexpressing CsPLDa were produced. A qRT-PCR analysis showed that the CsPLDa transcript levels were high in transgenic @entity286 lines, whereas no expression was found in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity286 , indicating that CsPLDa was successfully transferred into the @entity286 genome and overexpressed. Under normal conditions for 30  d, seeds of transgenic lines germinated neatly, and the seedlings were robust and bigger than @entity164 plants. When treated with different concentrations of @entity4202 , @entity970 and @entity2272 , germination rates and seedling sizes of the transgenic lines were significantly greater than @entity164 . In addition, the germination times for transgenic lines were also remarkably shorter. Further studies indicated that transgenic lines had longer primary roots and more biomass accumulation than @entity164 plants. The water loss in transgenic lines was also much lower than in @entity164 . These findings suggest that the CsPLDa overexpression positively regulates plant tolerance to hyperosmotic stresses, and that CsPLDa is involved in the @entity2272 regulation of stomatal closure and the alleviation of @entity2272 inhibition on seed germination and seedling growth.

title: The functions of a XXXX phospholipase D alpha gene (CsPLDa) in growth and tolerance to hyperosmotic stress.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity9688 :: (3659,Species) :: ['cucumber']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the overall health care costs associated with @entity308 and @entity148 among primary care @entity1 . METHOD: Of 2,110 consecutive primary care @entity1 in a health maintenance organization, 1,962 were screened with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. A stratified random sample of 615 @entity1 were selected for further diagnostic assessment; 373 of these @entity1 completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview at baseline and 328 were reassessed 12 months later. Computerized cost records were used to calculate total health care costs for the 6-month period surrounding the baseline assessment and a similar period surrounding the follow-up assessment. Cost accounting data were available for 327 @entity1 at baseline and for 206 @entity1 at both assessments. RESULTS: Primary care @entity1 with DSM-III-R @entity148 or @entity308 at baseline had markedly higher baseline costs ( 2,390) than @entity1 with @entity74 ( 1,098) and those with no @entity148 or @entity308 ( 1,397). Large cost differences persisted after adjustment for medical morbidity. Cost differences reflected higher utilization of general medical services rather than higher mental health treatment costs. Although most @entity1 with baseline @entity148 or @entity308 showed significant improvement, longitudinal analyses did not show any clear relationship between change in @entity146 diagnosis and change in health care cost. CONCLUSIONS: Among primary care @entity1 , @entity148 and @entity308 are associated with markedly higher health care costs even after adjustment for medical comorbidity. In this small sample, improvement in @entity308 over 1 year was not clearly associated with decreases in cost.

title: Health care costs associated with XXXX and @entity148 in primary care.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depressive disorder', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['subthreshold disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the overall health care costs associated with @entity308 and @entity148 among primary care @entity1 . METHOD: Of 2,110 consecutive primary care @entity1 in a health maintenance organization, 1,962 were screened with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. A stratified random sample of 615 @entity1 were selected for further diagnostic assessment; 373 of these @entity1 completed the Composite International Diagnostic Interview at baseline and 328 were reassessed 12 months later. Computerized cost records were used to calculate total health care costs for the 6-month period surrounding the baseline assessment and a similar period surrounding the follow-up assessment. Cost accounting data were available for 327 @entity1 at baseline and for 206 @entity1 at both assessments. RESULTS: Primary care @entity1 with DSM-III-R @entity148 or @entity308 at baseline had markedly higher baseline costs ( 2,390) than @entity1 with @entity74 ( 1,098) and those with no @entity148 or @entity308 ( 1,397). Large cost differences persisted after adjustment for medical morbidity. Cost differences reflected higher utilization of general medical services rather than higher mental health treatment costs. Although most @entity1 with baseline @entity148 or @entity308 showed significant improvement, longitudinal analyses did not show any clear relationship between change in @entity146 diagnosis and change in health care cost. CONCLUSIONS: Among primary care @entity1 , @entity148 and @entity308 are associated with markedly higher health care costs even after adjustment for medical comorbidity. In this small sample, improvement in @entity308 over 1 year was not clearly associated with decreases in cost.

title: Health care costs associated with @entity308 and XXXX in primary care.

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Low-grade @entity6019 (LG-ESS) is a rare @entity5 , often occurring before menopause. There is no consensus regarding its optimal management. Total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy precludes future fertility and may thus be undesirable by @entity1 wishing to maintain their reproductive potential. However, experience of fertility-sparing management in LG-ESS is very limited. In this paper, the disease outcome is presented in six young @entity1 with LG-ESS conservatively treated by combined hysteroscopic resection and hormonal therapy. STUDY DESIGN: From October 2009 to February 2013, at the Gynecologic Oncology Department of the National @entity5 Institute of Naples, six @entity1 , with early-stage LG-ESS aged 18-40 years who desired childbearing and/or retaining their fertility, were enrolled into a pilot study of fertility-sparing management. Diagnosis of LG-ESS was made on specimens from hysteroscopic resection performed on a presumed benign lesion. All @entity1 were planned to be treated with adjuvant @entity6303 for two years. Hormonal therapy was started within 6 weeks from the hysteroscopic resection, with orally @entity6303 at 40mg daily, increasing gradually according to @entity1 's tolerance to the recommended total dose of 160mg daily. RESULTS: All @entity1 were submitted to hysteroscopic resection in a one-step procedure. Five @entity1 started @entity6303 within 6 weeks from the hysteroscopic resection (one @entity1 did not start hormonal therapy because of early pregnancy after the hysteroscopic resection). Hormonal therapy was well tolerated; one @entity1 stopped @entity6303 after 12 months because of self-supporting strong desire to conceive; the other four @entity1 regularly completed the hormonal therapy. To date, all @entity1 show no evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Although fertility-sparing management is not the current standard of care for young @entity1 with early-stage LG-ESS, our preliminary data are promising. Larger series with a longer follow-up are needed to further assess safety and efficacy of combined hysteroscopic resection and hormonal therapy.

title: Fertility-sparing management of low-grade XXXX : analysis of an institutional series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity6019 :: ('MESH:D018203', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial stromal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'malignancy']

answer: @entity6019 :: (MESH:D018203,Disease) :: ['endometrial stromal sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity299 are rare, aggressive, and usually lethal. Surgical management protocols are not defined because of the lack of extensive experience in treating these @entity1 . In this study, we reviewed our outcomes with primary @entity299 , and we make recommendations regarding management. METHODS: Review of the Houston Methodist Hospital @entity4617 database from 1990 to 2015 (25 years) yielded 131 primary cardiac evaluations of possible @entity299 . From these we identified 95 @entity1 who underwent surgical excision. A computer search of @entity299 yielded 131 @entity5 that were coded as primary @entity299 or possible primary @entity299 . Retrospective data collection and clinical outcomes were evaluated for all 95 @entity1 . Medical records and follow-up material were requested for all @entity1 through clinic visits and contacting the physician of the @entity1 , the hospital record department, and the @entity4617 board after previous approval. The procedures were performed using an institutional review board-approved @entity4617 protocol, and the @entity1 gave full consent. RESULTS: All 95 @entity1 were diagnosed as having primary @entity299 by histologic appearance. Age ranged from 15 to 84 years at the time of presentation (mean, 44 years). Male @entity1 made up 57% of the sample. The most common site for the @entity299 was the right atrium (37 @entity1 ) followed by the left atrium (31 @entity1 ). Postoperative 1-year mortality was 35% (33 @entity1 ). The most common @entity5 histologic type was @entity5426 (40%) followed by @entity242 (11%). CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity299 is a rare but lethal disease. Surgical intervention is associated with acceptable surgical mortality in this high-risk group of @entity1 .

title: Surgical Treatment of Primary XXXX : Review of a Single-Institution Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['spindle cell sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumor']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac sarcoma', 'cardiac sarcomas']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe the prevalence of multimorbidity and to study the association between acute and @entity102 in acutely hospitalized older @entity1 METHODS: Prospective cohort study conducted between 2006 and 2008 in three teaching hospitals in the Netherlands. 639 @entity1 aged 65years and older, hospitalized for >48h were included. Two physicians scored diseases, using ICD-9 codes. Chronic multimorbidity was defined as the presence of >= 2 @entity102 , and acute multimorbidity as >= 1 acute diseases upon pre-existent @entity102 . Logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyse cluster associations between a chronic index disease and the concurrent chronic or acute disease, corrected for age and sex. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity1 was 78years, over 50% had @entity73 . Prevalence of chronic multimorbidity was 69%, and acute multimorbidity was present in 88%. @entity101 (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.08-1.24), @entity6 (type I or type 2) (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.04-1.21), @entity712 (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.14-1.38) and @entity1030 (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.05-1.34) were associated with @entity810 . @entity101 (OR 1.10; 95% CI 1.04-1.17) and @entity955 (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.08-1.27) were associated with an adverse drug event. @entity548 was clustered with @entity955 (OR 1.11; 95% CI 1.04-1.19) and @entity2275 (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.07-1.25). CONCLUSION: Both acute and chronic multimorbidity was frequently present in hospitalized older @entity1 . We identified specific associations between acute and @entity102 . There is a need for strategies addressing multimorbidity during the exacerbation of @entity102 .

title: Acute and chronic diseases as part of multimorbidity in acutely hospitalized older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Gastro-intestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['ADL impairments']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Sex hormones may play a major role in the pathogenesis and course of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the immunoregulatory effect of gonadal steroids in @entity1252 and their mechanisms of action, and to establish a correlation with the clinical and biological activity. DESIGN--Cross-sectional study of a cohort with @entity1252 . SETTING--Outpatient @entity1252 clinic. @entity1 --27 @entity1 with chronic @entity1252 , 14 were fertile @entity1 , 8 postmenopausal @entity1 and 5 men. MEASUREMENT--Serum gonadotropins (FSH, LH), @entity4090 ( @entity4090 ), @entity1420 (PG), @entity251 (T), @entity53 (E2) and total urinary @entity172 (UE) were studied in @entity1252 @entity1 and in 35 healthy controls of similar age and sex. Blood and urine samples of several days of the study cycle were obtained for hormonal assay. RESULTS--An increased LH activity was observed in all groups of @entity1 . There were no changes in serum T levels, but absence of @entity134 therapy increased their levels in fertile @entity1 . A decrease in E2 values in the fertile @entity1 was observed, but total UE was similar to those in controls. This suggests an alteration in intermediate @entity172 metabolism. @entity1 with @entity1252 showed a higher levels in PG and UE than controls. Also, in both groups of @entity1 on @entity134 treatment, a decrease of @entity4090 was observed compared to the controls. In the fertile @entity1 in luteal phase, there was a decrease in PG. In the fertile @entity1 with higher clinical activity in the midcycle phase, and those with higher biological activity in the luteal phase, a decrease in serum E2 was seen. CONCLUSIONS--Our results support the hypothesis that there is an alteration of intermediate metabolism of the @entity172 and of the @entity251 . As well, a lower production of @entity4090 during @entity134 treatment, and a lower production of PG may be important contributing factors in immunomodulation of @entity1252 . Mechanism for this action should be mediated through a stimulation of the gonadotropins as LH.

title: Sex hormones in chronic XXXX . Correlation with clinical and biological parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) increases the risk of all-cause mortality and @entity65 as well as progression to end @entity177 . The relationship of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and @entity633 with clinical outcomes in the general population are revealed. This allows to present levels of GFR and microalbuminuria (MA), which increases the risk of mortality. @entity8 , which revealed by the level of GFR and @entity1011 , can have definite role in hemodynamic changes and @entity712 progression. For mentioning the interaction of cardiovascular and @entity8 the @entity9136 ( @entity9136 ) term was introduced, with its classification on 5 types, according to the presence of acute/chronic @entity712 and primary/secondary origination of heart and @entity8 . We study interrelations between echocardiographic data of @entity5707 , MA level and degree of @entity8 in 115 @entity1 with @entity9136 . MA was measured with diagnostic strips, contractile function of left ventricle (LV) - by echocardiography and GFR was assessed by Cocroft-Gault method. The association between MA with decreased GFR and elevated @entity1011 levels and its connection with increased LV myocardial mass and preclinical disturbances of LV systolic function was revealed. We determined direct correlation between MA and myocardial mass index and indirect - between ejection fraction of LV and MA. Obtained data allow to mention the level of MA (25,4  5,8 ng/ml) in which there is more probability of LV contractile functional changes, which will allow early prediction and prevention of @entity9136 progression and pathogenetically approved pharmacotherapy organization in this category @entity1 .

title: [INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN MICROALBUMINURIA AND RENAL FUNCTION WITH CONTRACTILE ABILITY OF LEFT VENTRICLE IN CARDIORENAL SYNDROME XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity9136 :: ('MESH:D059347', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorenal syndrome', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'kidney injury', 'renal diseases', 'Renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['stage kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: A 43-year-old @entity1 with an unremarkable medical history presented to our hospital with 2   weeks of @entity10 , @entity2055 and @entity911 . CT of the head revealed a large haemorrhagic @entity5409 . A subsequent chest CT revealed a large left atrial mass. The mass was subsequently biopsied with positive immunohistochemistry staining for @entity7465 , @entity21468 and @entity2277 . Real-time PCR revealed @entity7465 amplification, confirming the diagnosis of @entity242 . The @entity1 underwent surgical resection and reconstruction of the atrium with subsequent discharge to short-term rehabilitation, but his symptoms continued to progress. A repeat CT of the head revealed a new cerebellar mass. He underwent a second resection, but continued to experience worsening symptoms. He was diagnosed with stage IV @entity242 and referred to hospice. The @entity1 died 5   months after initial presentation. Autopsy was performed and revealed the cause of @entity204 as @entity55 . There was no involvement of the pulmonic or aortic vessels.

title: Intimal (spindle cell) XXXX of the left atrium presenting with abnormal neurological examination.

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['intimal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: Percussive technology is part of the behavioural suite of several fossil and living primates. Stone Age ancestors used lithic artefacts in pounding activities, which could have been most important in the earliest stages of stone working. This has relevant evolutionary implications, as other primates such as @entity831 and some monkeys use stone hammer-and-anvil combinations to crack hard-shelled foodstuffs. Parallels between primate percussive technologies and early archaeological sites need to be further explored in order to assess the emergence of technological behaviour in our evolutionary line, and firmly establish bridges between Primatology and Archaeology. What are the anatomical, cognitive and ecological constraints of percussive technology? How common are percussive activities in the Stone Age and among living primates? What is their functional significance? How similar are archaeological percussive tools and those made by non- @entity1 primates? This issue of Phil. Trans. addresses some of these questions by presenting case studies with a wide chronological, geographical and disciplinary coverage. The studies presented here cover studies of Brazilian capuchins, captive @entity831 and @entity831 in the wild, research on the use of percussive technology among modern @entity1 and recent hunter-gatherers in Australia, the Near East and Europe, and archaeological examples of this behaviour from a million years ago to the Holocene. In summary, the breadth and depth of research compiled here should make this issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, a landmark step forward towards a better understanding of percussive technology, a unique behaviour shared by some modern and fossil primates.

title: Percussive technology in XXXX evolution: an introduction to a comparative approach in fossil and living primates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzees']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent advances in endoscopic therapy, including conventional endoscopic resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), have led to a large number of @entity1 with early @entity14 ( @entity14 ) being cured; however, when resected specimens obtained by these procedures manifest risk factors for lymph node @entity3 , additional treatments need to be considered. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of salvage surgery in @entity14 @entity1 treated initially by advanced therapeutic endoscopy. METHODS: We investigated 145 @entity1 who underwent salvage surgery in our department after endoscopic therapy for @entity14 between April 2006 and March 2015. Demographic and pathological data, endoscopic procedures, reasons for surgery, and operative outcomes, including perioperative details and recurrence-free and disease-specific survival after surgery, were analyzed. These data were further compared with those of 59 @entity1 with submucosal invasive @entity14 treated by conventional endoscopic resection/ESD alone and 133 @entity1 treated by surgery alone. RESULTS: Overall lymph node @entity3 were observed in 14% of @entity1 who underwent salvage surgery after therapeutic endoscopy and 16% of those who received abdominal surgery alone. In analyses of surgical cases, @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 more frequently included cases with lymphatic infiltration (63%) and ESD-treated cases (45%) than those without @entity3 (21%, P  <  .0001 and 22%, P  =  .02; respectively). A logistic regression analysis identified lymphatic infiltration as an independent predictive factor for lymph node @entity3 (odds ratio: 8.77, 95% confidence interval: 2.90-33.31, P  <  .0001). Long-term outcomes were favorable in both lymphatic infiltration-negative and positive cases. Moreover, survivals were comparable among the different treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Because of the high rate of @entity13849 involvement, adequate lymphadenectomy need to be performed in salvage surgery after upfront endoscopic therapy.

title: Outcome of salvage surgery for XXXX initially treated by upfront endoscopic therapy.

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1386 in childhood is associated with later @entity65 ( @entity65 ), but it is unclear whether this relationship is independent of other risk factors experienced in later life, such as smoking and @entity101 . Carotid-intima media thickness (cIMT) is a measure of subclinical @entity731 that may be used to assess @entity65 risk in young @entity1 . The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between adiposity and cIMT in @entity1 and adolescents. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, Global Health, and CINAHL Plus electronic databases (1980-2014). Population-based observational studies that reported a measure of association between objectively-measured adiposity and cIMT in childhood were included in this review. RESULTS: Twenty-two cross-sectional studies were included (n   =   7,366 @entity1 and adolescents). Thirteen of nineteen studies conducted in adolescent populations (mean age >= 12  years, n   =   5,986) reported positive associations between cIMT and adiposity measures (correlation coefficients 0.13 to 0.59). Three studies of pre-adolescent populations (n   =   1,380) reported mixed evidence, two studies finding no evidence of a correlation, and one an inverse relationship between skinfolds and cIMT. Included studies did not report an adiposity threshold for subclinical @entity731 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on studies conducted mostly in Western Europe and the US, adiposity does not appear to be associated with cIMT in pre-adolescents, but may be associated in adolescents. If further studies confirm these findings, a focus on @entity65 prevention efforts in pre-adolescence, before arterial changes have emerged, may be justified.

title: XXXX and carotid-intima media thickness in @entity1 and adolescents: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['Adiposity']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['Adiposity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1386 in childhood is associated with later @entity65 ( @entity65 ), but it is unclear whether this relationship is independent of other risk factors experienced in later life, such as smoking and @entity101 . Carotid-intima media thickness (cIMT) is a measure of subclinical @entity731 that may be used to assess @entity65 risk in young @entity1 . The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between adiposity and cIMT in @entity1 and adolescents. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, Global Health, and CINAHL Plus electronic databases (1980-2014). Population-based observational studies that reported a measure of association between objectively-measured adiposity and cIMT in childhood were included in this review. RESULTS: Twenty-two cross-sectional studies were included (n   =   7,366 @entity1 and adolescents). Thirteen of nineteen studies conducted in adolescent populations (mean age >= 12  years, n   =   5,986) reported positive associations between cIMT and adiposity measures (correlation coefficients 0.13 to 0.59). Three studies of pre-adolescent populations (n   =   1,380) reported mixed evidence, two studies finding no evidence of a correlation, and one an inverse relationship between skinfolds and cIMT. Included studies did not report an adiposity threshold for subclinical @entity731 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on studies conducted mostly in Western Europe and the US, adiposity does not appear to be associated with cIMT in pre-adolescents, but may be associated in adolescents. If further studies confirm these findings, a focus on @entity65 prevention efforts in pre-adolescence, before arterial changes have emerged, may be justified.

title: @entity1386 and carotid-intima media thickness in XXXX and adolescents: a systematic review.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: From 1977 to 1982 a total of 55 @entity1 suffering comminuted @entity174 of the distal radius were treated with the external fixator. Fifty of these were followed up in 1983/85 and 32 of them were available for assessment in this study (1992). The follow-up period was 11.6 years on average. All @entity1 had suffered an @entity7334 (91% a C- @entity174 , 9% a B- @entity174 according to the AO classification), 27 @entity1 had also fractured the ulnar styloid process and in 11 a dye-punch fragment was present. Both wrists were assessed on the basis of case history, clinical examination, radiographs in two planes and @entity227 ( @entity227 ). The results were evaluated using established scoring systems. On the Gartland and Werley scale 75% of the results were good or very good, 63% according to Castaing. In general, there was no statistically significant difference between the results of this study and those of 1983/85. It could be demonstrated that there was a relationship between @entity625 as a late complication and the existence of an intra-articular step-off of at least 2 mm at implant removal. This also has a negative influence on the range of motion and strength. Radial shortening affects the functional result whereas a die-punch fragment does not. On @entity227 @entity1 identified performance restriction and disability as the worst consequences of the accident; these criteria correlated best with the results of objective evaluations. In contrast, @entity1 were more satisfied with the result of treatment than would be expected from the objective analyses. The overall results indicate that exact reduction was extremely important. Long-term follow-up showed that the use of the external fixator in the treatment of @entity7334 of the distal radius was an adequate method. Prospective and possibly multicentric studies would be required to investigate more detailed relationships between treatment and long-term results.

title: Twelve years follow-up of XXXX of the distal radius treated with the AO external fixator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VAS', 'visual analogue scales']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted intra-articular fractures', 'intra-articular fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the neurological outcome of isolated @entity5719 and severe @entity548 in a cohort of very low birth weight @entity1 born and managed at single tertiary-care center in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: We undertook a descriptive retrospective chart review of the neurological status of very low birth weight @entity1 who were born and managed over a 5-year period at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh. The neurological outcome of neonates with isolated @entity5719 and severe @entity548 (grades III and IV) was studied and compared in relation to @entity245 and @entity306 . RESULTS: A total of 20 @entity1 with isolated @entity5719 and 26 with severe @entity548 (grades III and IV) were identified for this study. Of 20 @entity1 with isolated @entity5719 , 9 (45%) had good developmental outcome and 11 (55%) had bad developmental outcome. Of 26 @entity1 of severe @entity548 , 14 (54%) had good developmental outcome and 12 (46%) had bad developmental outcome (P  =  0.55). Significant motor @entity51 affecting function is distributed as follows: 11/20 (55%) in the isolated @entity5719 group and 7/26 (27%) in the severe @entity548 group (P  =  0.05). @entity306 was diplegic in 7/11 (64%) and quadriplegic in 4/11 (36%) in the isolated @entity5719 group, and hemiplegic 3/7 (43%), diplegic in 1/7 (14%), and quadriplegic in 3/7 (43%) in the severe @entity548 group (P  =  0.03). Distribution of the neurological outcome according to @entity5719 grade was as follows: for @entity5719 grade I (n  =  8), 6/8 (75%) had good neurological outcome and 2/8 (25%) had bad neurological outcome. In @entity5719 grade II (n  =  4), good neurological outcome was seen in three @entity1 (75%) and bad neurological outcome was seen in one @entity1 (25%). All @entity1 (n  =  8) with @entity5719 grade III had bad outcome (P  <  0.01). CONCLUSION: About half of @entity1 with isolated @entity5719 and severe @entity548 had a poor developmental outcome. However, the severity of @entity306 was greater in the isolated @entity5719 @entity1 and correlates highly with @entity5719 grade. Symmetrical @entity306 is the most common motor deficit associated with isolated @entity5719 , whereas asymmetrical @entity306 is seen exclusively with severe @entity548 .

title: The Neurological Outcome of Isolated PVL and Severe IVH in Preterm XXXX : Is It Fair to Compare?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral palsy', 'hemiplegic cerebral palsy', 'cerebral palsy', 'diplegic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: While mortality rates after prison release are high, little is known about clinical risk factors for @entity204 . We sought to identify risk and protective factors for all-cause and accidental poisoning ( @entity1445 ) @entity204 . DESIGN: Nested case control study of @entity1 released from prison. SETTING: Washington State Department of Corrections, Washington, USA. @entity1 : Cases (699 all-cause deaths, of which 88 were among @entity1 , and 206 additional @entity1445 deaths, of which 76 were among @entity1 ) between 1999 and 2009 matched 1:1 to controls on sex, age and year of release using risk set sampling. MEASUREMENTS: Prison medical charts were abstracted for clinical information. Independent associations between clinical characteristics and all-cause and @entity1445 mortality were assessed using conditional logistic regression. FINDINGS: Key independent risk factors for all-cause mortality included homelessness (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.06, 2.23), injection drug use (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.15, 2.05), @entity286 use (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.06, 2.12), @entity82 (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.63, 11.98), and @entity146 medications before release (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.71, 3.29). Independent risk factors for @entity1445 mortality included @entity734 (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.32, 4.11), injection drug use (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.53, 3.86), @entity4697 (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.62, 9.21), @entity146 prescriptions before release (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.55, 3.85), and problems with opiates/sedatives (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.40, 5.63). Substance use disorder treatment during the index incarceration was protective for all-cause (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49, 0.91) and @entity1445 (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35, 0.90) mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Injection drug use and substance use disorders are risk factors for @entity204 after release from prison. In-prison substance use treatment services may reduce the risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Clinical risk factors for XXXX after release from prison in Washington State: a nested case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance dependence']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: The prognoses of 100 consecutive @entity320 @entity1 were analyzed on the basis of @entity121 and Clark's levels as well as according to stage employing the 1987 UICC pTNM classification. Among @entity1 with lesions < or = 1.50 mm thick, the 10-year survival rate was 100% for both @entity2558 (n = 13) and pT2 (n = 6) disease, 73.4% for pT3a disease (n = 26), 62.2% for pT3b disease (n = 15), 69.3% for @entity1803 (n = 41) disease, and 38.7% for pT4 disease (n = 38). Significant differences in survival were found between the pT4 group and the @entity2558 /pT3a or @entity1803 groups. The 10-year survival rate was 100% for level II (n = 13) and level III (n = 13) disease, 58.3% for level IV (n = 46) disease, and 34.5% for level V (n = 26) disease. Significant differences were found between level V and other levels. The survival rate at 10 years was 100% for stage I (n = 18), 63.3% for stage II (n = 24), and 52.5% for stage III (n = 55). In stage IV (n = 3), there was only one @entity1 who survived for 42 months. There were significant differences in survival among all stages except I and II. The 10-year survival rate in 3 subgroups of stage III was 58.9% for pT4pN0M0 @entity1 (n = 14), 63.2% for pT,pN1M0 @entity1 (n = 31), and 20% for pT,pN2M0 @entity1 (n = 10). Significant differences were found between the pT,pN1M0 and pT,pN2M0 subgroups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prognostic evaluation of XXXX based on the pTNM classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ["Breslow's thickness"]

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous malignant melanoma']


abstract: The purposes of this study were to 1) characterize changes in fibrinolytic activity in response to maximal exercise and 5-min @entity432 and 2) compare responses in @entity1 of various habitual physical activity levels. @entity1456 ( @entity1456 ) activity and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) activity were measured in 15 inactive, 15 regularly active, and 15 highly active @entity1 . Data were analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. Pretest @entity1456 activity was similar among groups. @entity1456 activity increased postexercise with higher values seen in the active groups (P < 0.001). The highly active group also significantly increased @entity1456 activity postvenous occlusion (P < 0.01). Pretest @entity2289 activity was different among groups, with the inactive group showing the highest activity and the highly active group the lowest (P < 0.05). @entity2289 activity decreased with exercise (P < 0.01) but did not change with @entity432 . In conclusion, active @entity1 exhibited greater changes in fibrinolytic activity with maximal exercise and @entity432 than inactive @entity1 . This enhanced fibrinolytic activity may be an important mechanism mediating the cardioprotective effect provided by regular physical activity.

title: Effects of maximal exercise and XXXX on fibrinolytic activity in physically active and inactive @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['Tissue plasminogen activator', 'TPA']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor 1', 'PAI-1']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['venous occlusion']


abstract: The purposes of this study were to 1) characterize changes in fibrinolytic activity in response to maximal exercise and 5-min @entity432 and 2) compare responses in @entity1 of various habitual physical activity levels. @entity1456 ( @entity1456 ) activity and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) activity were measured in 15 inactive, 15 regularly active, and 15 highly active @entity1 . Data were analyzed using a three-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. Pretest @entity1456 activity was similar among groups. @entity1456 activity increased postexercise with higher values seen in the active groups (P < 0.001). The highly active group also significantly increased @entity1456 activity postvenous occlusion (P < 0.01). Pretest @entity2289 activity was different among groups, with the inactive group showing the highest activity and the highly active group the lowest (P < 0.05). @entity2289 activity decreased with exercise (P < 0.01) but did not change with @entity432 . In conclusion, active @entity1 exhibited greater changes in fibrinolytic activity with maximal exercise and @entity432 than inactive @entity1 . This enhanced fibrinolytic activity may be an important mechanism mediating the cardioprotective effect provided by regular physical activity.

title: Effects of maximal exercise and @entity432 on fibrinolytic activity in physically active and inactive XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Chronic @entity71193 gravis ( @entity1737 ) is a rare entity. We describe six such @entity1 (F:M 4:2) who constituted 5% of 120 @entity1737 cases in a seven year study. The disease was familial in four and sporadic in two. No @entity1 had ocular muscle weakness either at presentation (mean of 18.2 months after onset of illness) or during a mean follow up period of 36 months. Diagnosis was established by a positive decremental response on repetitive stimulation of a proximal muscle. Muscle biopsy was essentially normal in all five @entity1 . All @entity1 responded to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, although to varying degrees. Four @entity1 also received @entity230 . One @entity1 with @entity1737 had transient worsening but others showed partial improvement. It is noteworthy that the initial diagnosis in these @entity1 was other than @entity1737 . Diagnosis of @entity71193 needs to have a strong index of suspicion as it has therapeutic implications.

title: XXXX : a study of familial and sporadic cases.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'sporadic MG']

entities_list: @entity71193 :: ('MESH:C563552', 'Disease') :: ['limb girdle myasthenia']

answer: @entity71193 :: (MESH:C563552,Disease) :: ['Limb girdle myasthenia']


abstract: Recognizing the importance of identifying fallers at risk for injury, the author studied factors associated with injury during falls by ambulatory nursing home residents. Forty-eight of 79 subjects (61%) fell during their first year of residence. Fourteen fallers suffered a @entity130 . Among fallers, subjects with lower extremity @entity425 were more likely to be injured than were fallers without @entity425 (42 versus 12% injured). On the other hand, injured fallers needed less help than noninjured fallers (14% needed help with at least 2 activities of daily living versus 35%), and were less likely to be @entity308 than were noninjured fallers (7 versus 38%). Although frequently associated with falling, no injury occurred while rising from a chair. The contribution of environmental hazards was not well defined. The only acute factor distinguishing noninjurious from injurious falls was a recent previous fall (present in 30% of the former and 0% of the latter). The finding that injured fallers tend to be more independent, yet have greater lower extremity @entity425 , than noninjured fallers suggests that both components of injury, namely force of impact and protective responses of the faller, may contribute to likelihood of injury during a fall. This study suggests that if predictive characteristics of the @entity130 , or the fall, can be identified, preventive strategies could be targeted at the high risk group.

title: Factors associated with XXXX during falls by ambulatory nursing home residents.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['serious injury', 'injury-prone faller']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['serious injury']


abstract: 1. @entity671 (InsP3) injected into unfertilized @entity329 eggs elicits a hyperpolarizing response (HR) that is due to stimulation of @entity460 -activated @entity972 channels in the egg plasma membrane. 2. A single injection of InsP3 gave a single HR above a threshold value of 0.3 nM. At 5 nM and above, InsP3 induced HRs with no detectable latency. At concentrations between these two values a latency was observed. The amplitude of the HR was independent of InsP3 concentration. 3. A second HR could be elicited by injection of InsP3, but five times more InsP3 was required to trigger a second HR, and 10-100 times more to give an HR of similar magnitude to the first, and there was no latency. 4. The increase in [ @entity141 ]i in response to an initial injection of 1 nM InsP3 could be resolved into two distinct components: a slow, early rise immediately after InsP3 injection (phase I) followed by a larger and more rapid increase (phase II). The initiation of an HR coincided with the second component of the [ @entity141 ]i increase. 5. Further injection of InsP3 resulted only in slow, smaller increases in [ @entity141 ]i that resembled phase I and often did not cause an HR. Phase II appeared to be absent. However, 100-fold greater InsP3 concentrations gave slow, larger @entity141 transients (and HRs) with no detectable latency. 6. If large amounts of InsP3 were allowed to leak into the eggs constantly from a pipette, repetitive @entity460 transients were seen. Unlike the sustained repetitive responses seen at fertilization, they were often smaller than the initial transient and less well sustained. However, a subsequent transient could still be elicited on injection of very large concentrations of InsP3. 7. InsP3 can induce regenerative, all-or-none [ @entity141 ]i increase (CICR) in hamster eggs, often with a long latency, as well as non-regenerative increases. InsP3 injections desensitize CICR and cannot mimic all the features of @entity141 signalling at fertilization in the hamster egg, in particular, the sensitization of CICR caused by the sperm.

title: Regenerative and non-regenerative @entity460 transients in hamster eggs triggered by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['golden hamster']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity671 :: (MESH:D015544,Chemical) :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']


abstract: 1. @entity671 (InsP3) injected into unfertilized @entity329 eggs elicits a hyperpolarizing response (HR) that is due to stimulation of @entity460 -activated @entity972 channels in the egg plasma membrane. 2. A single injection of InsP3 gave a single HR above a threshold value of 0.3 nM. At 5 nM and above, InsP3 induced HRs with no detectable latency. At concentrations between these two values a latency was observed. The amplitude of the HR was independent of InsP3 concentration. 3. A second HR could be elicited by injection of InsP3, but five times more InsP3 was required to trigger a second HR, and 10-100 times more to give an HR of similar magnitude to the first, and there was no latency. 4. The increase in [ @entity141 ]i in response to an initial injection of 1 nM InsP3 could be resolved into two distinct components: a slow, early rise immediately after InsP3 injection (phase I) followed by a larger and more rapid increase (phase II). The initiation of an HR coincided with the second component of the [ @entity141 ]i increase. 5. Further injection of InsP3 resulted only in slow, smaller increases in [ @entity141 ]i that resembled phase I and often did not cause an HR. Phase II appeared to be absent. However, 100-fold greater InsP3 concentrations gave slow, larger @entity141 transients (and HRs) with no detectable latency. 6. If large amounts of InsP3 were allowed to leak into the eggs constantly from a pipette, repetitive @entity460 transients were seen. Unlike the sustained repetitive responses seen at fertilization, they were often smaller than the initial transient and less well sustained. However, a subsequent transient could still be elicited on injection of very large concentrations of InsP3. 7. InsP3 can induce regenerative, all-or-none [ @entity141 ]i increase (CICR) in hamster eggs, often with a long latency, as well as non-regenerative increases. InsP3 injections desensitize CICR and cannot mimic all the features of @entity141 signalling at fertilization in the hamster egg, in particular, the sensitization of CICR caused by the sperm.

title: Regenerative and non-regenerative XXXX transients in hamster eggs triggered by @entity671 .

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity788 is an aggressive @entity5 type, of which the most important characteristics are migration and @entity3 . @entity4211 ( @entity2830 ) are discussed to be protective phytochemicals; however, up to now only scarce data are available regarding their effects on @entity5 prevention. In this study, we aimed to determine whether @entity2830 and their metabolites from plasma (PAM), isolated from blood of healthy volunteers after ingestion of an @entity2830 -rich juice, are effective in modulating @entity5 cell migration in vitro. METHODS: PAM were isolated from blood of healthy volunteers (n  =  10) after consumption of an @entity2830 -rich berry juice. Before ingestion (PAM0min) and after 60  min (PAM60min), blood was taken and PAM were isolated from plasma by solid-phase extraction. Migration of @entity788 cells PANC-1 and AsPC-1 was assayed in a Boyden chamber. The influence of PAM on cellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) or mitochondria-specific ROS was measured fluorimetrically. mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity1476 and @entity1495 ) and NF-kB mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS: After application of PAM60min to PANC-1, we observed a reduced cell migration, which was associated with reduced levels of endogenously generated ROS concomitant with reduced NF-kB as well as @entity1476 and @entity1495 mRNA expression levels. In @entity1 cells, however, migration was not affected by PAM60min. CONCLUSION: It can be assumed that physiologically relevant @entity2830 and their metabolites were able to inhibit @entity788 cell migration in dependency of the phenotype of cells and may thus deserve further attention as potential bioactive phytochemicals in @entity5 prevention.

title: Inhibition of XXXX cell migration by plasma @entity4211 isolated from healthy volunteers receiving an @entity4211 -rich berry juice.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthocyanins']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']