abstract: OBJECT: @entity1 with normal MR imaging (nonlesional) findings and medically refractory @entity302 make up a disproportionate number of nonexcellent outcomes after @entity302 surgery. In this paper, the authors investigated the usefulness of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in the identification of surgical candidates. METHODS: Between 1992 and 2002, 51 consecutive @entity1 with normal MR imaging findings and @entity302 underwent intracranial electrode monitoring. The implantation of intracranial electrodes was determined by @entity410 semiology, interictal and ictal scalp EEG, SPECT, and in some @entity1 PET studies. The demographics of @entity1 at the time of surgery, lobar localization of electrode implantation, duration of follow-up, and Engel outcome score were abstracted from the Mayo Rochester Epilepsy Surgery Database. A blinded independent review of the iEEG records was conducted for this study. RESULTS: Thirty-one (61%) of the 51 @entity1 who underwent iEEG ultimately underwent resection for their @entity302 . For 28 (90.3%) of the 31 @entity1 who had @entity302 surgery, adequate information regarding follow-up (> 1 year), @entity410 frequency, and iEEG recordings was available. Twenty-six (92.9%) of 28 @entity1 had frontal lobe resections, and 2 had parietal lobe resections. The most common iEEG pattern at @entity410 onset in the surgically treated group was a focal high-frequency discharge (in 15 [53.6%] of 28 @entity1 ). Ten (35.7%) of the 28 surgically treated @entity1 were @entity410 free. Fourteen (50%) had Engel Class I outcomes, and overall, 17 (60.7%) had significant improvement (Engel Class I and IIAB with > or =80% @entity410 reduction). Focal high-frequency oscillation at @entity410 onset was associated with Engel Class I surgical outcome (12 [85.7%] of 14 @entity1 , p = 0.02), and it was uncommon in the nonexcellent outcome group (3 [21.4%] of 14 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: A focal high-frequency oscillation (> 20 Hz) at @entity410 onset on iEEG may identify @entity1 with nonlesional @entity302 who are likely to have an Engel Class I outcome after @entity302 surgery. The prospect of excellent outcome in nonlesional extratemporal lobe @entity302 prior to intracranial monitoring is poor (14 [27.5%] of 51 @entity1 ). However, iEEG can further stratify @entity1 and help identify those with a greater likelihood of Engel Class I outcome after surgery.

title: Intracranial electroencephalography XXXX onset patterns and surgical outcomes in nonlesional @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['extratemporal epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity1 with normal MR imaging (nonlesional) findings and medically refractory @entity302 make up a disproportionate number of nonexcellent outcomes after @entity302 surgery. In this paper, the authors investigated the usefulness of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in the identification of surgical candidates. METHODS: Between 1992 and 2002, 51 consecutive @entity1 with normal MR imaging findings and @entity302 underwent intracranial electrode monitoring. The implantation of intracranial electrodes was determined by @entity410 semiology, interictal and ictal scalp EEG, SPECT, and in some @entity1 PET studies. The demographics of @entity1 at the time of surgery, lobar localization of electrode implantation, duration of follow-up, and Engel outcome score were abstracted from the Mayo Rochester Epilepsy Surgery Database. A blinded independent review of the iEEG records was conducted for this study. RESULTS: Thirty-one (61%) of the 51 @entity1 who underwent iEEG ultimately underwent resection for their @entity302 . For 28 (90.3%) of the 31 @entity1 who had @entity302 surgery, adequate information regarding follow-up (> 1 year), @entity410 frequency, and iEEG recordings was available. Twenty-six (92.9%) of 28 @entity1 had frontal lobe resections, and 2 had parietal lobe resections. The most common iEEG pattern at @entity410 onset in the surgically treated group was a focal high-frequency discharge (in 15 [53.6%] of 28 @entity1 ). Ten (35.7%) of the 28 surgically treated @entity1 were @entity410 free. Fourteen (50%) had Engel Class I outcomes, and overall, 17 (60.7%) had significant improvement (Engel Class I and IIAB with > or =80% @entity410 reduction). Focal high-frequency oscillation at @entity410 onset was associated with Engel Class I surgical outcome (12 [85.7%] of 14 @entity1 , p = 0.02), and it was uncommon in the nonexcellent outcome group (3 [21.4%] of 14 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: A focal high-frequency oscillation (> 20 Hz) at @entity410 onset on iEEG may identify @entity1 with nonlesional @entity302 who are likely to have an Engel Class I outcome after @entity302 surgery. The prospect of excellent outcome in nonlesional extratemporal lobe @entity302 prior to intracranial monitoring is poor (14 [27.5%] of 51 @entity1 ). However, iEEG can further stratify @entity1 and help identify those with a greater likelihood of Engel Class I outcome after surgery.

title: Intracranial electroencephalography @entity410 onset patterns and surgical outcomes in nonlesional XXXX .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['extratemporal epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15627 (FAEs) offer an effective alternative to @entity1 with @entity1569 in whom other systemic agents are contraindicated or have failed. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the efficacy and side effect profile of FAEs in a group of @entity1 with @entity1569 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on @entity1 treated with FAEs over 21 months. Information was gathered from @entity1 ' notes. Dosage, response and side effects were recorded. RESULTS: In total, 31 @entity1 were included. The mean age was 46.8 years. All @entity1 had been treated with other modalities and 61.5% had received previous systemic treatment. There was good to excellent response in 58.6% of @entity1 . Subjective side-effects were common (87.1%), and @entity2905 occurred in 61.3%. The drug was not tolerated by one-fifth of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The relatively low @entity137 and absence of hepatotoxicity makes FAEs a reasonable first-line systemic treatment in selected @entity1 with difficult @entity1569 .

title: @entity15627 in the management of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity15627 :: ('MESH:D005650', 'Chemical') :: ['Fumaric acid esters']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15627 (FAEs) offer an effective alternative to @entity1 with @entity1569 in whom other systemic agents are contraindicated or have failed. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the efficacy and side effect profile of FAEs in a group of @entity1 with @entity1569 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on @entity1 treated with FAEs over 21 months. Information was gathered from @entity1 ' notes. Dosage, response and side effects were recorded. RESULTS: In total, 31 @entity1 were included. The mean age was 46.8 years. All @entity1 had been treated with other modalities and 61.5% had received previous systemic treatment. There was good to excellent response in 58.6% of @entity1 . Subjective side-effects were common (87.1%), and @entity2905 occurred in 61.3%. The drug was not tolerated by one-fifth of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The relatively low @entity137 and absence of hepatotoxicity makes FAEs a reasonable first-line systemic treatment in selected @entity1 with difficult @entity1569 .

title: XXXX in the management of severe @entity1569 .

answer: @entity15627 :: (MESH:D005650,Chemical) :: ['Fumaric acid esters']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) showing transient @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ) and deteriorated retinal function after intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB). METHODS AND RESULTS: A 53-year-old @entity1 received IVB (1.25 mg/0.05 ml) in both eyes for the treatment of @entity6 . There was no treatment-related complication. However, he complained of photopsia in both eyes 6 h after the injection. Slit-lamp examination revealed mild cellular infiltrations (1+) in the anterior chamber in both eyes. Optical coherence tomography showed @entity1103 formation in the left eye. Both full-field and multifocal electroretinography (ERG) revealed the deterioration of all parameters in both eyes compared with pretreatment. The @entity32 in the anterior segment and @entity1103 disappeared 1 day after the injection. ERG parameters were improved 9 days after the injection, except for the N1 and P1 amplitude of multifocal ERG in the left eye. CONCLUSION: We propose that @entity1 who undergo IVB should be carefully informed and followed up for possible complications including @entity1829 .

title: Macular edema formation and deterioration of retinal function after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'PDR']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['ME', 'macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['temporal ME formation and retinal function deterioration']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Whereas @entity73 are known to be detectable long before the typical symptoms of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) are evident, previous studies have failed to determine when cognitive functioning actually begins to decline before @entity303 . Utilizing the long follow-up of the PAQUID study, we examined the emergence of the first clinical symptoms over a 14-year period of follow-up before the @entity303 phase of @entity195 . METHODS: This study relies on a case-control sample selected from the PAQUID cohort. Of the 3,777 initial subjects of the cohort, 350 subjects experienced development of @entity195 during the 14 years of follow-up. The cases were matched to 350 elderly control subjects. The evolution of scores on cognitive, functional, and @entity308 scales was described throughout the 14-year follow-up using a semiparametric extension of the mixed-effects linear model. RESULTS: The first decline in cognitive performances appeared as early as 12 years before @entity303 in measures of semantic memory and conceptual formation. Then, more @entity51 appeared that were concomitant with an @entity2414 and @entity308 . About 2 years later, as a consequence of @entity73 , the subjects started to become slightly dependent in their activities of daily living. In the last 3 years, the impairment significantly worsened until the subjects reached the @entity303 phase. INTERPRETATION: This approach, describing the 14 years preceding @entity303 , provides a clear illustration of the particularly long and progressive prodromal phase of @entity195 , and shows the successive emergence of @entity73 , @entity308 , and functional impairment during this phase.

title: Prodromal XXXX : successive emergence of the clinical symptoms.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['global deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['increase in memory complaints']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variation in @entity311 , reported @entity221 , care seeking, antimalarials obtained and household expenditure by socio-economic status (SES), and to assess the implications for ensuring equitable and appropriate use of antimalarial combination therapy. METHODS: A total of 2,500 households were surveyed in three rural districts in southern Tanzania in mid-2001. Blood samples and data on SES were collected from all households. Half the households completed a detailed questionnaire on care seeking and treatment costs. Households were categorised into SES thirds based on an index of household wealth derived using principal components analysis. RESULTS: Of individuals completing the detailed survey, 16% reported a @entity221 episode in the previous 2 weeks. @entity1 from the better-off stratum were significantly less likely to be parasitaemic, and significantly more likely to obtain antimalarials than those in the middle or poor stratum. The better treatment obtained by the better off led them to spend two to three times more than the middle and poor third spent. This reflected greater use of non-governmental organisation (NGO) facilities, which were the most expensive source of care, and higher expenditure at NGO facilities and drug stores. CONCLUSION: The coverage of appropriate @entity311 treatment was low in all SES groups, but the two poorer groups were particularly disadvantaged. As countries switch to antimalarial combination therapy, distribution must be targeted to ensure that the poorest groups fully benefit from these new and highly effective medicines.

title: Fever treatment and household wealth: the challenge posed for rolling out combination therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['malaria', 'malaria parasitaemia']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether access to high-quality @entity64 care is affected by the age or gender of the @entity1 or by weekend admission. DESIGN: Data were collected as part of the National Sentinel Audit of @entity64 in 2004, both on the organisation of in- @entity1 @entity64 care and the process of care to hospitals managing @entity64 @entity1 . SETTING: Two hundred and forty-six hospitals from England, Wales and Northern Ireland took part in the 2004 National @entity64 Audit, a response rate of 100%. These sites audited te care of 8,718 @entity1 . AUDIT TOOL: Royal College of Physicians Intercollegiate Working Party @entity64 Audit Tool. RESULTS: Overall standards of care for cases of @entity64 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland are low. Older @entity1 are less likely to be treated in a @entity64 unit than younger @entity1 (risk ratio comparing 85 + years with those <65 years 0.82 (95% CI 0.75-0.90). Seventy-one per cent of @entity1 under 65 years were scanned within 24 h compared to 51% aged over 85 years. Older @entity1 were also less likely than younger ones to receive secondary prevention and some aspects of rehabilitation, especially around higher functioning. Standards were consistently better for @entity1 of all ages managed in @entity64 units compared to general wards. At weekends, @entity1 were less likely to be admitted directly to a @entity64 unit (risk ratio 0.77 95% CI 0.69-0.86) and brain imaging was performed less often for older (85 + years) @entity1 (weekday 56%, weekend 40%). There was little evidence of differences in standards of care between males and females. CONCLUSION: There is clear evidence of an age effect on the delivery of @entity64 care in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, with older @entity1 being less likely to receive care in line with current clinical guidelines. Quality of acute care is also less good for @entity1 admitted at weekends. No systematic evidence for sexism was identified.

title: Access to XXXX care in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: the effect of age, gender and weekend admission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity697 is one of the most common diseases worldwide. In developed countries, viruses, particularly noroviruses, are recognized as the leading cause. In The Netherlands, the surveillance of @entity1902 outbreaks with suspected viral etiologies (as determined by Kaplan criteria) was established by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment in 1994. This paper presents an overview of @entity1800 outbreaks reported from 1994 through 2005. A minimum epidemiological data set consisting of the associated setting(s), the probable transmission mode, the date of the first illness and the date of sampling, the number of @entity1 affected, and the number of hospitalizations was requested for each reported outbreak. Stool samples were tested for the presence of norovirus, sapovirus, rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and @entity21075 by electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and/or reverse transcription-PCR. A total of 6,707 stool samples from 941 @entity1902 outbreaks were investigated. Noroviruses were detected as the causative agent in 735 (78.1%) of the outbreaks, and rotaviruses, adenoviruses, and astroviruses were found to be responsible for 46 (4.9%), 9 (1.0%), and 5 (0.5%) outbreaks, respectively. Among the @entity1902 outbreaks in which a mode of transmission was identified, most outbreaks (38.1%) were associated with @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmission, and the majority (54.9%) of the outbreaks investigated were reported by residential institutions. Since 2002, the total number of outbreaks reported and the number of unexplained outbreaks have increased. Furthermore, the number of rotavirus-associated outbreaks has increased, especially in nursing homes. Despite thorough testing, 115 (12.2%) outbreaks suspected of having viral etiologies remain unexplained. Increases in numbers of reported outbreaks may indicate undefined changes in the criteria for reporting or the emergence of new pathogens.

title: Etiological role of viruses in outbreaks of acute XXXX in The Netherlands from 1994 through 2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: @entity4 is a disease caused by the consumption of mustard oil contaminated with argemone oil (AO). During 1998 dropsy in New Delhi, which is so far the largest with more than 3000 victims and over 60 deaths, it was enquired at various scientific and regulatory meetings about the maximum tolerated dose of AO. Hence, the present study was aimed to investigate the safety levels of AO in @entity35 . Animals were given AO in diet at a dose of 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% daily for 90 days and the two control groups received the standard diet with and without 1% mustard oil. A decrease in body @entity1017 (28-31%) was observed in 0.5% and 1% AO groups; while significant increases in relative lungs and liver weight was noticed in respective doses of 0.01% and 0.1% AO groups as well as in higher dosage animals. Reduction in RBC count and hemoglobin content (p<0.05) was noticed in 0.01% and 0.1% AO exposed animals. This effect was more pronounced in higher AO doses. Serum marker enzymes including @entity493 transaminase (ALT), @entity492 transaminase (AST), @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found to be significantly elevated in 0.01-1% AO groups. Further, a decrease in albumin/globulin ratio (42-78%) was observed in the serum of 0.01% to higher AO dose groups. The levels of serum @entity1674 and VLDL @entity165 were found to be enhanced (p<0.05) in AO treated (0.01-1.0%) animals. Histopathological changes in lung were observed at 0.01% dose of AO while liver, kidney and heart produced changes at 0.1% AO and above doses. None of the parameters were found to be affected in 0.001% AO treated animals. These results suggest that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) dose of AO is 0.001% in @entity35 and considering a factor of 100 for @entity1 for highly toxic compound, the safe limit of 0.00001% (100 ppb or 100 ng AO/g oil) AO can be implicated which shall contain only 0.55% of @entity15391 equivalent to 0.6 ng @entity15391 per gram oil. However, the minimum detectable limit of AO is 5 ppm (equivalent to 5 microg @entity15391 per gram oil) with the present existing HPLC method, thereby suggesting that mustard oil should be absolutely free from AO contamination.

title: Safety evaluation studies on argemone oil through dietary exposure for 90days in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Epidemic dropsy']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity15391 :: ('MESH:C005705', 'Chemical') :: ['sanguinarine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5125 is a foodborne pathogen found in a wide variety of environments. Subtype characterization of @entity5125 isolates from listeriosis outbreaks that have occurred over the last three decades has suggested that a number of outbreaks were caused by a small number of @entity5125 epidemic clones (ECs). In this study we compared the prevalence, ecology, and phylogenetic position of outbreak-associated isolates and non-outbreak-associated isolates to probe the evolutionary and ecological characteristics of outbreak-associated @entity5125 subtypes, including those representing previously described ECs. METHODS: Multilocus sequence typing data for isolates from 15 listeriosis outbreaks in Europe and North America were generated and compared, using a phylogenetic framework, with 180 isolates representing a local sampling of diverse sources, including @entity1 sporadic cases. RESULTS: Isolates from 15 listeriosis outbreaks represented eight @entity5599 ( @entity5599 ). @entity5599 corresponding to previously designated ECI ( @entity28620 and @entity14821 ) and ECIa (ST29) represented isolates from eight outbreaks. ST17 (corresponding to ECII) was involved in two outbreaks in the United States (1998 and 2002). No other @entity5599 were involved in multiple outbreaks. While @entity28620 was the most common ST among sporadic @entity1 cases and non- @entity1 listeriosis-related isolates, ST29 was rare among non- @entity1 listeriosis-related isolates and was significantly overrepresented among isolates from @entity1 listeriosis outbreaks and sporadic cases as compared to isolates from other sources in our local sampling. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5599 associated with outbreaks (and representing previously designated ECs) appear to differ in their ecology. While association of ECI with multiple @entity1 listeriosis outbreaks appears to reflect strain abundance across environments, ECIa seems to represent an @entity5125 EC that appears to be overrepresented among outbreaks and sporadic cases and thus may have increased transmission potential.

title: Multilocus sequence typing of outbreak-associated XXXX isolates to identify epidemic clones.

entities_list: @entity5599 :: ('MESH:D010855', 'Disease') :: ['sequence types', 'STs']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that higher serum TSH is associated with @entity259 incidence and @entity5 . In the healthy adult population, mean TSH increases with age. As age over 45 years is a known prognostic indicator for @entity259 , it is important to know whether higher TSH in @entity1 with @entity259 occurs independent of age. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between higher TSH, @entity5 and age. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 1361 @entity1 underwent thyroid surgery between May 1994 and December 2007 at a single institution. Of these @entity1 , 954 had pathological data, preoperative TSH and complete surgical history available. Data were analysed in relation to age and TSH. RESULTS: Mean TSH was significantly higher in @entity5 @entity1 regardless of age < 45 years or >or= 45 years (P = 0.046 and P = 0.027, respectively). When examining age groups < 20, 20-44, 45-59 and >or= 60 years, there was a trend of rising mean TSH with age. Despite the rise in the benign subgroups, mean TSH was consistently higher in those with @entity5 vs. those without. On multivariate analysis, higher TSH was independently associated with @entity5 (P = 0.039) and pathological features of @entity2621 (P = 0.001) but not with age (P = 0.557). On multivariate analysis of high-risk features associated with poor prognosis, there was a significant association between higher TSH and extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.002), whereas there was no clear relationship with age, @entity5 size > 4 cm, and distant metastases. CONCLUSION: Independent of age, @entity259 incidence correlates with higher TSH. Higher TSH is associated with extrathyroidal extension of disease.

title: Higher serum TSH in XXXX @entity1 occurs independent of age and correlates with extrathyroidal extension.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer', 'advanced-stage disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['increased thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that higher serum TSH is associated with @entity259 incidence and @entity5 . In the healthy adult population, mean TSH increases with age. As age over 45 years is a known prognostic indicator for @entity259 , it is important to know whether higher TSH in @entity1 with @entity259 occurs independent of age. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between higher TSH, @entity5 and age. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 1361 @entity1 underwent thyroid surgery between May 1994 and December 2007 at a single institution. Of these @entity1 , 954 had pathological data, preoperative TSH and complete surgical history available. Data were analysed in relation to age and TSH. RESULTS: Mean TSH was significantly higher in @entity5 @entity1 regardless of age < 45 years or >or= 45 years (P = 0.046 and P = 0.027, respectively). When examining age groups < 20, 20-44, 45-59 and >or= 60 years, there was a trend of rising mean TSH with age. Despite the rise in the benign subgroups, mean TSH was consistently higher in those with @entity5 vs. those without. On multivariate analysis, higher TSH was independently associated with @entity5 (P = 0.039) and pathological features of @entity2621 (P = 0.001) but not with age (P = 0.557). On multivariate analysis of high-risk features associated with poor prognosis, there was a significant association between higher TSH and extrathyroidal extension (P = 0.002), whereas there was no clear relationship with age, @entity5 size > 4 cm, and distant metastases. CONCLUSION: Independent of age, @entity259 incidence correlates with higher TSH. Higher TSH is associated with extrathyroidal extension of disease.

title: Higher serum TSH in @entity259 XXXX occurs independent of age and correlates with extrathyroidal extension.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report mortality, after a longer interval, in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity302 treated by temporal lobe surgery between 1975 and 1995. A previous audit of these @entity1 ending December 1, 1997 observed a standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 4.5. METHODS: We analyzed mortality in a cohort of 306 @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) who underwent temporal lobe resections between December 1, 1975 and December 1, 1995. @entity204 occurring after December 1,1997 and until December 1, 2009 were evaluated. Medical records, @entity204 certificates, postmortem examination reports, coroner officer's reports, and coroner's inquest reports were sought, and causes of @entity204 were ascertained. @entity944 ( @entity944 ) cases were identified. KEY FINDINGS: In 3,569 @entity1 -years of follow-up 19 @entity204 occurred, [ @entity21233 .00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27-3.13], 14 @entity1 ( @entity21233 .01, 95% CI 1.19-3.39) and 5 @entity1 (SMR 1.68, 95% CI 0.70-4.03). On analysis of subgroups, SMRs were significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity3877 ( @entity3877 ) ( @entity21233 .50, 95% CI 1.38-4.51), @entity1 with @entity3877 (SMR 3.12, 95% CI 1.56-6.25), @entity1 with nonspecific lesions ( @entity21233 .68, 95% CI 1.00-7.09), and right-sided resections in @entity3877 (SMR 3.33, 95% CI 1.39-8.00). During follow-up, six @entity944 cases were observed with a rate of 1/595 @entity1 -years. SIGNIFICANCE: In this cohort, the risk for @entity204 in @entity1 undergoing @entity1315 surgery decreased over time but remained above the standard population. @entity1 had a slightly higher risk than @entity1 , as did right-sided resections in @entity3877 , confirming this observation in the original cohort. Although lower, the risk of @entity944 remained. Without up-to-date information on seizure outcome, we were unable to directly relate this to mortality.

title: Mortality after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'Men', 'person']

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['MTS', 'mesial temporal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['SUDEP', 'Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Deaths', 'premature death', 'death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: To elucidate the three-dimensional structure of the anterior communicating artery complex, we performed three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography in anterior communicating (Acom) @entity439 cases. Eighteen @entity1 (six male and 12 female) with @entity438 were studied. The total number of @entity439 was 18, of which three were unruptured and 15 were @entity397 . Aneurysmal sizes and angles between the parent artery and each of the two daughter arteries were measured. Two types were defined, based on the daughter arteries. When the sizes of the two daughter arteries were the same, they were defined as AA' type, and when different, they were defined as AB type. Furthermore, @entity439 were classified into two types based on neck location. Thus, when the neck was located on the extension of the midline of the parent artery, it was defined as classical neck type, and when it was not, it was defined as deviating neck type. There were 11 cases of AA' type and seven of AB type. In AA' type all cases were of the classical neck type, and in AB type three cases were of the classical neck type and three were of the deviating neck type. In the deviating neck type, the necks were deviated to the smaller daughter arteries in all cases.

title: The characteristics of the anterior communicating XXXX complex by three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['Acom aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the @entity8 in chronic @entity42845 @entity8 (AAN) and the protective effects of Cozaar. METHODS: Male @entity35 were randomized into three groups. @entity35 in the model group received Caulis Aristolochiae manshuriensis (CAM) decoction by gavage (10 mL/kg/day); those in the Cozaar group were gavaged with CAM and Cozaar (33.3 mg/kg/day); and those in the control group only received an equal daily volume of saline solution by gavage. Kidney tissues were observed under a light and electron microscope. @entity6098 , @entity4124 , and @entity21405 ( @entity21405 ) were determined by immunohistochemistry, and expressions of @entity71498 , @entity26081 , @entity21405 , and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) mRNA were monitored via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: (1) The kidney tissue injury in the chronic AAN model group was apparent, compared to the normal structure in the normal control group, and the Cozaar group showed relieved injury. (2) The expression of @entity4124 in the model group was elevated, while expressions of @entity21405 and @entity6098 were decreased (p < 0.05). Cozaar lessened @entity4124 expression (p < 0.05) and promoted @entity21405 and @entity6098 expressions (p < 0.05). (3) Real-time PCR demonstrated a downregulation of @entity34313 , @entity26081 , @entity21405 , and @entity6667 mRNA (p < 0.05) and an upregulation of @entity18174 mRNA (p < 0.01) in the renocortex, while Cozaar upregulated the expression of @entity34313 , @entity26081 , @entity21405 , and @entity6667 mRNA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity8 was observed in chronic AAN, which was hypothetically correlated with a lack in the expressions of @entity34313 , @entity21405 , @entity26081 , and @entity6667 and an excess in @entity4124 and @entity18174 . Cozaar can significantly ameliorate the @entity8 and protect renal function.

title: XXXX in chronic aristolochic acid @entity8 and protective effects of Cozaar.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal microvascular injury', 'Renal microvascular injury']

entities_list: @entity42845 :: ('MESH:C000228', 'Chemical') :: ['aristolochic acid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal microvascular injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the @entity8 in chronic @entity42845 @entity8 (AAN) and the protective effects of Cozaar. METHODS: Male @entity35 were randomized into three groups. @entity35 in the model group received Caulis Aristolochiae manshuriensis (CAM) decoction by gavage (10 mL/kg/day); those in the Cozaar group were gavaged with CAM and Cozaar (33.3 mg/kg/day); and those in the control group only received an equal daily volume of saline solution by gavage. Kidney tissues were observed under a light and electron microscope. @entity6098 , @entity4124 , and @entity21405 ( @entity21405 ) were determined by immunohistochemistry, and expressions of @entity71498 , @entity26081 , @entity21405 , and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) mRNA were monitored via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: (1) The kidney tissue injury in the chronic AAN model group was apparent, compared to the normal structure in the normal control group, and the Cozaar group showed relieved injury. (2) The expression of @entity4124 in the model group was elevated, while expressions of @entity21405 and @entity6098 were decreased (p < 0.05). Cozaar lessened @entity4124 expression (p < 0.05) and promoted @entity21405 and @entity6098 expressions (p < 0.05). (3) Real-time PCR demonstrated a downregulation of @entity34313 , @entity26081 , @entity21405 , and @entity6667 mRNA (p < 0.05) and an upregulation of @entity18174 mRNA (p < 0.01) in the renocortex, while Cozaar upregulated the expression of @entity34313 , @entity26081 , @entity21405 , and @entity6667 mRNA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity8 was observed in chronic AAN, which was hypothetically correlated with a lack in the expressions of @entity34313 , @entity21405 , @entity26081 , and @entity6667 and an excess in @entity4124 and @entity18174 . Cozaar can significantly ameliorate the @entity8 and protect renal function.

title: @entity8 in chronic aristolochic acid XXXX and protective effects of Cozaar.

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 , @entity148 , and fear may result in avoiding dental treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate @entity1 ' @entity158 perception during scaling and its relationship with dental @entity148 . METHODS: One hundred thirteen @entity1 (72 @entity1 and 41 @entity1 ; mean age, 35.59 +/- 9.28 years) participated. @entity158 levels after scaling were assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) and an @entity148 questionnaire consisting of seven questions, each with five possible answers. RESULTS: The @entity1 were asked to indicate their @entity158 level on a 100-mm VAS, and the mean VAS score was 19.91 +/- 17.76 mm. No age and gender differences with regard to @entity158 perception were found. VAS scores were significantly higher in non-smokers (P <0.001); there was a slightly significant relationship between smoking and @entity158 (0.264; P <0.05). The @entity148 score ranged from 7 to 35; the mean @entity148 score was 14.00 +/- 5.30 (range, 7 to 29). The @entity148 score was significantly higher in @entity1 (P <0.001). The only question correlated with @entity158 during scaling in @entity1 was, "How fearful are you of having your teeth cleaned?" (0.322; P = 0.040). Scores for @entity1 aged 29 to 39 years were significantly higher than scores for those aged 51 to 61 years (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although most @entity1 experienced limited @entity158 during scaling, a significant relationship was found between @entity158 and smoking. @entity1 and @entity1 aged 30 to 40 years are likely to be more anxious during scaling. The question, "How fearful are you of having your teeth cleaned?" may not adequately cover all aspects of @entity148 for @entity1 ' experience of @entity158 during scaling. Clinicians should determine individual treatment approaches to reduce @entity1 ' fear, @entity158 , and @entity148 related to scaling.

title: @entity158 perception and XXXX during scaling in periodontally healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'Dental pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 , @entity148 , and fear may result in avoiding dental treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate @entity1 ' @entity158 perception during scaling and its relationship with dental @entity148 . METHODS: One hundred thirteen @entity1 (72 @entity1 and 41 @entity1 ; mean age, 35.59 +/- 9.28 years) participated. @entity158 levels after scaling were assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS) and an @entity148 questionnaire consisting of seven questions, each with five possible answers. RESULTS: The @entity1 were asked to indicate their @entity158 level on a 100-mm VAS, and the mean VAS score was 19.91 +/- 17.76 mm. No age and gender differences with regard to @entity158 perception were found. VAS scores were significantly higher in non-smokers (P <0.001); there was a slightly significant relationship between smoking and @entity158 (0.264; P <0.05). The @entity148 score ranged from 7 to 35; the mean @entity148 score was 14.00 +/- 5.30 (range, 7 to 29). The @entity148 score was significantly higher in @entity1 (P <0.001). The only question correlated with @entity158 during scaling in @entity1 was, "How fearful are you of having your teeth cleaned?" (0.322; P = 0.040). Scores for @entity1 aged 29 to 39 years were significantly higher than scores for those aged 51 to 61 years (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although most @entity1 experienced limited @entity158 during scaling, a significant relationship was found between @entity158 and smoking. @entity1 and @entity1 aged 30 to 40 years are likely to be more anxious during scaling. The question, "How fearful are you of having your teeth cleaned?" may not adequately cover all aspects of @entity148 for @entity1 ' experience of @entity158 during scaling. Clinicians should determine individual treatment approaches to reduce @entity1 ' fear, @entity158 , and @entity148 related to scaling.

title: XXXX perception and @entity148 during scaling in periodontally healthy subjects.

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the localising and lateralising value of delayed rhythmic ictal transformation (DRIT) on the scalp EEG during presurgical assessment for @entity1315 . METHODS: Two hundred and eighty eight @entity410 recorded simultaneously with scalp and foramen ovale (FO) electrodes were studied retrospectively in 110 @entity1 . DRIT was defined as sustained regular rhythmic waveforms seen on scalp recordings after scalp @entity410 onset. The incidence and laterality of scalp DRIT was evaluated by comparison to FO electrodes. RESULTS: Scalp DRIT was seen in 192 @entity410 , 65% of which showed focal mesial temporal onset (FMTO) recorded by FO electrodes. FMTO onset was seen in 73% of the 122 @entity410 showing unilateral scalp DRIT, in 32% of the 62 @entity410 showing bilateral asymmetrical scalp DRIT, and in 14% of the seven @entity410 showing bilateral symmetrical DRIT on the scalp. Among the 89 @entity410 showing unilateral scalp DRIT and FMTO, both were ipsilateral in 70 @entity410 (79%). Among the 38 @entity410 showing bilateral asymmetrical DRIT and FMTO, the largest amplitude of scalp DRIT was ipsilateral to the FO onset in 27 @entity410 (71%). CONCLUSION: Two thirds of @entity410 showed unilateral scalp DRIT, which had a lateralising value of up to 79%. SIGNIFICANCE: Scalp DRIT is a reliable marker to lateralise @entity410 focus in @entity1 without a focal @entity410 onset on the scalp EEG.

title: Value of scalp delayed rhythmic ictal transformation (DRIT) in presurgical assessment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'seizure']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that periodontal pathogens associated with @entity146 persist in extracrevicular locations following scaling and root planing, systemic antibiotics, and antimicrobial rinses. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity146 received a clinical examination during which samples of @entity527 and buccal epithelial cells were obtained. Treatment consisted of full-mouth root planing, systemic antibiotics, and @entity1216 rinses. Clinical measurements and sampling were repeated at 3 and 6 months. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction determined the number of @entity3841 (previously @entity3841 ), @entity3288 , @entity2523 , @entity3289 (previously @entity3289 ), and @entity14148 in the plaque. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy determined the extent of intracellular invasion in epithelial cells. RESULTS: Clinical measurements improved significantly following treatment. All bacterial species except @entity2523 were significantly reduced in plaque between baseline and 3 months. However, all species showed a trend to repopulate between 3 and 6 months. This increase was statistically significant for log @entity14148 counts. All species were detected intracellularly. The percentage of cells infected intracellularly was not affected by therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The 6-month increasing trend in the levels of plaque bacteria suggests that subgingival recolonization was occurring. Because the presence of these species within epithelial cells was not altered after treatment, it is plausible that recolonization may occur from the oral mucosa. Systemic antibiotics and topical @entity1216 did not reduce the percentage of invaded epithelial cells. These data support the hypothesis that extracrevicular reservoirs of bacteria exist, which might contribute to recurrent or refractory disease in some @entity1 .

title: Persistence of extracrevicular bacterial reservoirs after treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity14148 :: ('158', 'Species') :: ['T. denticola', 'Treponema denticola']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity3289 :: ('28112', 'Species') :: ['Tannerella forsythia', 'T. forsythensis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans', 'Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of @entity110 by the recent EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF guidelines. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, after 4 weeks of treatment, with @entity14294 5 mg and @entity14295 5 mg, both once daily in the morning, in symptomatic @entity14687 ( @entity14687 ) @entity1 . METHODS: This multi-center, randomized, double-blind study involved 886 @entity1 (438 on @entity14294 and 448 on @entity14295 ). The primary objective was to compare their efficacy on the mean @entity111 severity score after 1 week of treatment. Mean @entity111 severity score over 4 weeks and @entity111 duration score, number and size of wheals, mean @entity14687 composite score (sum of the scores for @entity111 severity and numbers of wheals), quality of life, and the @entity1 's and investigator's global satisfaction with treatment, were secondary efficacy measures. RESULTS: @entity14294 led to a significantly greater decrease in @entity111 severity than @entity14295 over the first treatment week; mean @entity111 severity scores of 1.02 and 1.18 for @entity14294 and @entity14295 , respectively (P < 0.001). The result was similar for the entire 4-week treatment period (P = 0.004). In addition, @entity14294 decreased @entity111 duration and the mean @entity14687 composite scores to a significantly greater extent than @entity14295 during the first week (P = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively) and over the entire study (P = 0.009 and P < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, @entity14294 increased the @entity1 ' global satisfaction after one and 4 weeks (P = 0.012 and 0.021, respectively), compared with @entity14295 . Safety and tolerability were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14294 5 mg was significantly more efficacious than @entity14295 5 mg in the treatment of @entity14687 symptoms.

title: Comparison of the efficacy of XXXX 5 mg and @entity14295 5 mg in @entity14687 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14294 :: ('MESH:C472067', 'Chemical') :: ['Levocetirizine', 'levocetirizine']

entities_list: @entity14687 :: ('MESH:D007566', 'Disease') :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria', 'CIU']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity14295 :: ('MESH:C121345', 'Chemical') :: ['desloratadine']

answer: @entity14294 :: (MESH:C472067,Chemical) :: ['levocetirizine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of @entity110 by the recent EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF guidelines. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, after 4 weeks of treatment, with @entity14294 5 mg and @entity14295 5 mg, both once daily in the morning, in symptomatic @entity14687 ( @entity14687 ) @entity1 . METHODS: This multi-center, randomized, double-blind study involved 886 @entity1 (438 on @entity14294 and 448 on @entity14295 ). The primary objective was to compare their efficacy on the mean @entity111 severity score after 1 week of treatment. Mean @entity111 severity score over 4 weeks and @entity111 duration score, number and size of wheals, mean @entity14687 composite score (sum of the scores for @entity111 severity and numbers of wheals), quality of life, and the @entity1 's and investigator's global satisfaction with treatment, were secondary efficacy measures. RESULTS: @entity14294 led to a significantly greater decrease in @entity111 severity than @entity14295 over the first treatment week; mean @entity111 severity scores of 1.02 and 1.18 for @entity14294 and @entity14295 , respectively (P < 0.001). The result was similar for the entire 4-week treatment period (P = 0.004). In addition, @entity14294 decreased @entity111 duration and the mean @entity14687 composite scores to a significantly greater extent than @entity14295 during the first week (P = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively) and over the entire study (P = 0.009 and P < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, @entity14294 increased the @entity1 ' global satisfaction after one and 4 weeks (P = 0.012 and 0.021, respectively), compared with @entity14295 . Safety and tolerability were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14294 5 mg was significantly more efficacious than @entity14295 5 mg in the treatment of @entity14687 symptoms.

title: Comparison of the efficacy of @entity14294 5 mg and @entity14295 5 mg in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity14687 :: (MESH:D007566,Disease) :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of @entity110 by the recent EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF guidelines. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, after 4 weeks of treatment, with @entity14294 5 mg and @entity14295 5 mg, both once daily in the morning, in symptomatic @entity14687 ( @entity14687 ) @entity1 . METHODS: This multi-center, randomized, double-blind study involved 886 @entity1 (438 on @entity14294 and 448 on @entity14295 ). The primary objective was to compare their efficacy on the mean @entity111 severity score after 1 week of treatment. Mean @entity111 severity score over 4 weeks and @entity111 duration score, number and size of wheals, mean @entity14687 composite score (sum of the scores for @entity111 severity and numbers of wheals), quality of life, and the @entity1 's and investigator's global satisfaction with treatment, were secondary efficacy measures. RESULTS: @entity14294 led to a significantly greater decrease in @entity111 severity than @entity14295 over the first treatment week; mean @entity111 severity scores of 1.02 and 1.18 for @entity14294 and @entity14295 , respectively (P < 0.001). The result was similar for the entire 4-week treatment period (P = 0.004). In addition, @entity14294 decreased @entity111 duration and the mean @entity14687 composite scores to a significantly greater extent than @entity14295 during the first week (P = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively) and over the entire study (P = 0.009 and P < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, @entity14294 increased the @entity1 ' global satisfaction after one and 4 weeks (P = 0.012 and 0.021, respectively), compared with @entity14295 . Safety and tolerability were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14294 5 mg was significantly more efficacious than @entity14295 5 mg in the treatment of @entity14687 symptoms.

title: Comparison of the efficacy of @entity14294 5 mg and XXXX 5 mg in @entity14687 @entity1 .

answer: @entity14295 :: (MESH:C121345,Chemical) :: ['desloratadine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of @entity110 by the recent EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF guidelines. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, after 4 weeks of treatment, with @entity14294 5 mg and @entity14295 5 mg, both once daily in the morning, in symptomatic @entity14687 ( @entity14687 ) @entity1 . METHODS: This multi-center, randomized, double-blind study involved 886 @entity1 (438 on @entity14294 and 448 on @entity14295 ). The primary objective was to compare their efficacy on the mean @entity111 severity score after 1 week of treatment. Mean @entity111 severity score over 4 weeks and @entity111 duration score, number and size of wheals, mean @entity14687 composite score (sum of the scores for @entity111 severity and numbers of wheals), quality of life, and the @entity1 's and investigator's global satisfaction with treatment, were secondary efficacy measures. RESULTS: @entity14294 led to a significantly greater decrease in @entity111 severity than @entity14295 over the first treatment week; mean @entity111 severity scores of 1.02 and 1.18 for @entity14294 and @entity14295 , respectively (P < 0.001). The result was similar for the entire 4-week treatment period (P = 0.004). In addition, @entity14294 decreased @entity111 duration and the mean @entity14687 composite scores to a significantly greater extent than @entity14295 during the first week (P = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively) and over the entire study (P = 0.009 and P < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, @entity14294 increased the @entity1 ' global satisfaction after one and 4 weeks (P = 0.012 and 0.021, respectively), compared with @entity14295 . Safety and tolerability were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14294 5 mg was significantly more efficacious than @entity14295 5 mg in the treatment of @entity14687 symptoms.

title: Comparison of the efficacy of @entity14294 5 mg and @entity14295 5 mg in @entity14687 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Over 40% of @entity0 @entity1 are diagnosed above the age of 65. Treatment of these elderly @entity1 will probably vary over countries. The aim of this study was to make an international comparison (several European countries and the US) of surgical and radiation treatment for elderly @entity1 with @entity0 . Survival comparisons were also made. Data were obtained from national or regional population-based registries in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland, Belgium, Germany, and Portugal. For the US @entity1 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Early stage @entity0 @entity1 aged >=  65 diagnosed between 1995 and 2005 were included. An international comparison was made for breast and axillary surgery, radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery (BCS), and relative or cause-specific survival. Overall, 204.885 @entity1 were included. The proportion of @entity1 not receiving any surgery increased with age in many countries; however, differences between countries were large. In most countries more than half of all elderly @entity1 received breast conserving surgery (BCS), with the highest percentage in Switzerland. The proportion of elderly @entity1 that received radiotherapy after BCS decreased with age in all countries. Moreover, in all countries the proportion of @entity1 who do not receive axillary surgery increased with age. No large differences in survival between countries were recorded. International comparisons of surgical treatment for elderly @entity1 with @entity0 are scarce. This study showed large international differences in treatment of elderly @entity0 @entity1 , with the most striking result the large proportion of elderly who did not undergo surgery at all. Despite large treatment differences, survival does not seem to be affected in a major way.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX in elderly: an international comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['early stage breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early stage breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differences in risk factors for @entity3 at different time intervals after treatment have been described in several @entity5 ; however, to the authors' knowledge, no extensive study examining this issue in @entity320 has been conducted to date. METHODS: The authors performed a nested case-control study of @entity1 with @entity320 who presented with only local disease. @entity1 in the case group included 549 @entity1 who developed @entity3 > or =6 months after surgery. Of these, 320 @entity1 developed @entity3 within 3 years after undergoing definitive surgery (early @entity3 [EM]), and 70 @entity1 developed @entity3 > or =8 years after undergoing definitive surgery (late @entity3 [LM]). For each case, a control @entity1 was chosen who had @entity320 but who did not develop @entity3 in the same interval. Univariate and conditional multivariate logistic regression were used in the analysis of 34 clinical and @entity5 characteristics. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis confirmed previously established risk factors for @entity3 , such as increasing @entity5 thickness. In addition, the authors discovered that a personal history of @entity1489 (P = .006) and a history of @entity5 (P = .020) also were associated with @entity3 . In comparing the 320 EM @entity1 with the 70 LM @entity1 , EM @entity1 were more likely to have thicker lesions (P < .001), @entity1066 (P = .016), and a history of @entity1489 (P = .024). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 2 potentially novel risk factors for @entity320 @entity3 were identified, and different profiles of risk factors were constructed for EM versus LM. These differences may be important in future risk identification and stratification for clinical trials and for the management and treatment of @entity1 with @entity320 .

title: Characteristics associated with early and late XXXX @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer other than skin cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differences in risk factors for @entity3 at different time intervals after treatment have been described in several @entity5 ; however, to the authors' knowledge, no extensive study examining this issue in @entity320 has been conducted to date. METHODS: The authors performed a nested case-control study of @entity1 with @entity320 who presented with only local disease. @entity1 in the case group included 549 @entity1 who developed @entity3 > or =6 months after surgery. Of these, 320 @entity1 developed @entity3 within 3 years after undergoing definitive surgery (early @entity3 [EM]), and 70 @entity1 developed @entity3 > or =8 years after undergoing definitive surgery (late @entity3 [LM]). For each case, a control @entity1 was chosen who had @entity320 but who did not develop @entity3 in the same interval. Univariate and conditional multivariate logistic regression were used in the analysis of 34 clinical and @entity5 characteristics. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis confirmed previously established risk factors for @entity3 , such as increasing @entity5 thickness. In addition, the authors discovered that a personal history of @entity1489 (P = .006) and a history of @entity5 (P = .020) also were associated with @entity3 . In comparing the 320 EM @entity1 with the 70 LM @entity1 , EM @entity1 were more likely to have thicker lesions (P < .001), @entity1066 (P = .016), and a history of @entity1489 (P = .024). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 2 potentially novel risk factors for @entity320 @entity3 were identified, and different profiles of risk factors were constructed for EM versus LM. These differences may be important in future risk identification and stratification for clinical trials and for the management and treatment of @entity1 with @entity320 .

title: Characteristics associated with early and late @entity320 XXXX .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: This paper reports an economic, simple, and rapid FI-CL method for the determination of @entity14457 . This method requires simple instrumentation and it is fast enough to be used in routine analyses. A chemiluminescence signal is generated by reaction between photodegraded @entity14457 and @entity9588 solution in alkaline medium. All physical and chemical parameters in the flow injection chemiluminescence system were optimized in the experimental setting. To eliminate interference, a solid-phase extraction stage with SDB-1 cartridges and @entity1068 elution is applied. The signal- @entity14457 concentration relation is linear in concentration intervals between 0.0015 and 0.6  g  mL(-1). The calibration lines are statistically similar in different working conditions: standards with @entity1068 without extraction and standards with @entity1068 and extraction, allowing standards to be excluded from the extraction step, which simplifies the process. The detection limit (DL) is 0.5 ng  mL(-1), which is the same order as the maximum limit established in legislation regarding pesticide limits in water destined for @entity1 consumption. A DL of 0.13 ng  mL(-1) can be reached if a sample of 100 mL is preconcentrated. The interday variance coefficient is 3% and the sample throughput is 90 h(-1). The water analysis method is efficient with relative error percentages lower than 5% with respect to the added concentration.

title: FI on-line chemiluminescence reaction for determination of XXXX in water samples.

entities_list: @entity9588 :: ('MESH:C007931', 'Chemical') :: ['ferricyanide']

answer: @entity14457 :: (MESH:D008456,Chemical) :: ['MCPA']


abstract: @entity26078 (NST) and @entity24661 / @entity24661 (N/OFQ) are derived from the same precursor protein, pre-proN/OFQ, and exert opposite effects on the modulation of @entity158 signals. However, the role of the peripheral N/OFQ and the NOP receptor, which is located at the endings of sensory nerves, in @entity158 was not ascertained. NST administered intrathecally (i.t.) prevented the nociceptive effects induced by i.t. N/OFQ and PGE   . Moreover an up regulation of N/OFQ was shown in the @entity35 in response to peripheral @entity32 . Here, we investigated the effects of intraplantar (i.pl.) administration of functional N/OFQ and NOP receptor antagonists in a @entity35 model of @entity158 . Our findings showed that i.pl. injection of (  )- @entity46775 , a selective antagonist of the NOP receptor, and NST, the functional N/OFQ antagonist, prior to carrageenan significantly reduced the paw allodynic and thermal @entity1931 threshold induced by the inflammatory agent. The resulting antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects by co-administering NST and (  )-J 113397 prior to carrageenan were markedly enhanced, and the basal latencies were restored. Thus, it is likely that the peripheral N/OFQ/NOP receptor system contributes to the @entity158 sensitivity in an inflammatory state.

title: Effects of intraplantar nocistatin and (  )-J 113397 injections on nociceptive behavior in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'pain', 'abnormal pain']

entities_list: @entity26078 :: ('MESH:C111148', 'Chemical') :: ['Nocistatin']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity26078 (NST) and @entity24661 / @entity24661 (N/OFQ) are derived from the same precursor protein, pre-proN/OFQ, and exert opposite effects on the modulation of @entity158 signals. However, the role of the peripheral N/OFQ and the NOP receptor, which is located at the endings of sensory nerves, in @entity158 was not ascertained. NST administered intrathecally (i.t.) prevented the nociceptive effects induced by i.t. N/OFQ and PGE   . Moreover an up regulation of N/OFQ was shown in the @entity35 in response to peripheral @entity32 . Here, we investigated the effects of intraplantar (i.pl.) administration of functional N/OFQ and NOP receptor antagonists in a @entity35 model of @entity158 . Our findings showed that i.pl. injection of (  )- @entity46775 , a selective antagonist of the NOP receptor, and NST, the functional N/OFQ antagonist, prior to carrageenan significantly reduced the paw allodynic and thermal @entity1931 threshold induced by the inflammatory agent. The resulting antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects by co-administering NST and (  )-J 113397 prior to carrageenan were markedly enhanced, and the basal latencies were restored. Thus, it is likely that the peripheral N/OFQ/NOP receptor system contributes to the @entity158 sensitivity in an inflammatory state.

title: Effects of intraplantar nocistatin and (  )-J 113397 injections on nociceptive behavior in a XXXX model of @entity32 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various @entity924 occur about the ankle, but there are few publications investigating their etiology or pathoanatomy. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the gliding resistance of the tendons about the posteromedial ankle: the posterior tibial (PT), flexor digitorum longus (FDL), and @entity1795 ( @entity1795 ) tendons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The gliding abilities of the posterior tibial, flexor digitorum longus, and @entity1795 tendons at the ankle-hindfoot level were compared, in terms of gliding resistance, with use of a system that was developed in this laboratory. Six cadaveric specimens were used and tested in a dorsiflexed position, then in simulated @entity12318 in a dorsiflexed position. RESULTS: The gliding resistance was found to be significantly greater in the simulated @entity12318 in dorsiflexion compared to the dorsiflexed position with an intact arch for the PT, FDL, and @entity1795 tendons. The gliding resistance was significantly higher in the PT tendon than FDL or @entity1795 tendons in the @entity12318 /dorsiflexion condition. There was no significant difference between the FDL and @entity1795 tendons in resistance in either condition. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the gliding ability of the PT tendon was inferior to that of the FDL and @entity1795 tendons in a simulated @entity12318 model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The findings of the present study are consistent with the clinical observations that @entity924 and @entity397 of the PT tendon commonly occurs at the malleolar level, whereas FDL and @entity397 do not. A pre-existing flexible @entity85 may be associated with PT @entity409 in the adult due to poor gliding ability of the PT tendon.

title: The influence of XXXX on the gliding resistance of tendons about the ankle.

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathies', 'tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['tendon dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'FHL ruptures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['flatfoot deformity']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['FHL', 'flexor hallucis longus']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['flatfoot deformity']


abstract: It was the aim of the study to assess differences in @entity1 morbidity between transmucosal implant placement and implant installation after elevation of mucoperiosteal flaps. In five of the @entity1 , implants were placed in the maxilla transmucosally using a CAD/CAM surgical template [ @entity1062 ( @entity1062 )]. In the remaining five @entity1 , the implants were installed after the elevation of mucoperiosteal flaps [control group (CG)]. Directly after surgery, at days 1 and 7 after surgery the @entity1 rated @entity158 and discomfort on a visual analogue scale (0=minimal @entity158 and discomfort, 100=maximal @entity158 and discomfort). Optical three-dimensional images were assessed preoperatively and at days 1 and 7 after surgery to determine the visible soft tissue swelling of the upper lip and cheeks. Directly postoperatively, the mean pairwise difference between both groups in view of @entity158 and discomfort ratings (control minus test) was 45.6 (SD, 20.7). At days 1 and 7, the mean differences were 51.6 (SD, 21.8) and 19 (SD, 8), respectively. The overall test of the area under curve (AUC) against the null hypothesis 'AUC of pairwise differences of @entity158 score over study time equals null' yielded a significant difference (P=0.01). The mean pairwise difference between both groups in view of soft tissue volume increase was 6.1 (SD, 2) cm(3) at day 1 after surgery and 4.6 (SD, 1.2) cm(3) at day 7. The overall test of the AUC against the null hypothesis 'AUC of pairwise differences of @entity4 measurements over study time equals null' yielded a significant difference (P=0.002). Within the limitations of this pilot study, it could be shown that transmucosal implant placement reduces @entity1 morbidity significantly compared with an open approach.

title: XXXX -centred outcomes comparing transmucosal implant placement with an open approach in the maxilla: a prospective, non-randomized pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: @entity19 adenovirus-type 1 (MAV-1) has recently been shown to cause a fatal hemorrhagic @entity75 in certain strains of @entity19 whereas other strains are resistant. Morbidity is associated with a productive infection of cerebrovascular endothelial cells, resulting in @entity39 of the vasculature, @entity1188 , @entity548 and @entity204 within 4 - 6 days. Previous studies were not able to define a role for the innate or acquired immune response. In the current study we have addressed the effect of MAV-1 on chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in the central nervous system (CNS) and spleen of susceptible (C57BL/6) and resistant (BALB/c) strains of @entity19 . Intra-peritoneal infection with MAV-1 in C57BL/6 animals resulted in early and prominent induction of @entity15369 / @entity15369 in the spleen and CNS. Increased expression of @entity8929 , @entity12427 , @entity22425 and @entity638 was also noted in the CNS of MAV-1-infected C57BL/6 animals commencing around 72 h post-infection. In contrast, chemokine expression in BALB/c animals was more restricted with prominent upregulation only of @entity9701 in the CNS. In situ hybridization identified the vascular endothelium and CNS glia as the principal site of @entity15369 / @entity15369 production in the C57BL/6 animals. The chemokine receptors @entity25880 -5 were upregulated in the CNS of both strains of @entity19 . These data show that productive infection of the CNS with MAV-1 leads to the upregulation of a characteristic pattern of chemokines and their receptors, which may point to a role for these factors in disease pathogenesis.

title: Differential chemokine induction by the XXXX adenovirus type-1 in the central nervous system of susceptible and resistant strains of @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity19 adenovirus-type 1 (MAV-1) has recently been shown to cause a fatal hemorrhagic @entity75 in certain strains of @entity19 whereas other strains are resistant. Morbidity is associated with a productive infection of cerebrovascular endothelial cells, resulting in @entity39 of the vasculature, @entity1188 , @entity548 and @entity204 within 4 - 6 days. Previous studies were not able to define a role for the innate or acquired immune response. In the current study we have addressed the effect of MAV-1 on chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in the central nervous system (CNS) and spleen of susceptible (C57BL/6) and resistant (BALB/c) strains of @entity19 . Intra-peritoneal infection with MAV-1 in C57BL/6 animals resulted in early and prominent induction of @entity15369 / @entity15369 in the spleen and CNS. Increased expression of @entity8929 , @entity12427 , @entity22425 and @entity638 was also noted in the CNS of MAV-1-infected C57BL/6 animals commencing around 72 h post-infection. In contrast, chemokine expression in BALB/c animals was more restricted with prominent upregulation only of @entity9701 in the CNS. In situ hybridization identified the vascular endothelium and CNS glia as the principal site of @entity15369 / @entity15369 production in the C57BL/6 animals. The chemokine receptors @entity25880 -5 were upregulated in the CNS of both strains of @entity19 . These data show that productive infection of the CNS with MAV-1 leads to the upregulation of a characteristic pattern of chemokines and their receptors, which may point to a role for these factors in disease pathogenesis.

title: Differential chemokine induction by the @entity19 adenovirus type-1 in the central nervous system of susceptible and resistant strains of XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Eradication programmes directed against Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis, performed without any disinfection of the environment, were compared to an eradication programme including a simultaneous environmental disinfection. The performance of such programmes would be facilitated considerably if environmental disinfection could be avoided. The trial was conducted in four conventional piglet-producing herds designated A-D. All herds suffered from a subclinical but persistent infection with the sarcoptic mite. Herd A was treated with two injections of @entity3070 and simultaneously disinfection of the environment was done. In the other herds, the animals were treated twice (B and C) or three times (D) with acaricides (ivermectin or phoxim) at intervals of 7-12 days without any simultaneous disinfection of the buildings or environment. The results were monitored by attempts to demonstrate the mite by skin scrapings, and by monitoring the levels of serum antibodies to Sarcoptes scabiei by an ELISA. Samples were taken from all adults and from 20% of the piglets aged 10-12 weeks, before initiating the control programmes, every third month during the first year and a final sampling 18 months after the treatments. After treatment, the levels of antibodies continuously decreased. Presumably dead @entity9250 were demonstrated in one sow from two of the herds 3 months after initiating acaricidal treatments. @entity9250 was not demonstrated later, nor from skin scrapings of the piglets. The results obtained demonstrate that it is possible to eradicate sarcoptic mange mites in @entity1707 herds with the use of simplified eradication programmes. The success of such programmes may efficiently be monitored by measuring the levels of serum antibodies to @entity9250 .

title: The efficacy of simplified eradication strategies against sarcoptic mange mite infections in XXXX herds monitored by an ELISA.

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the rate of @entity260 , length of stay, and 1-year mortality before and after introduction of a comprehensive multidisciplinary fast-track treatment and care program for @entity173 @entity1 (the optimized program). DESIGN: Retrospective chart review with historical control. SETTING: Orthopedic ward (110 beds) at a university hospital (700 beds). @entity1 : Five hundred thirty-five consecutive @entity1 aged 40 and older (94%>or=60) hospitalized for @entity173 between January 1, 2003, and March 31, 2004. Three hundred and thirty-six @entity1 (70.3%) were community dwellers before the fracture and 159 (29.7%) were admitted from nursing homes. INTERVENTION: The fast-track treatment and care program included a switch from systemic opiates to a local femoral nerve catheter block; an earlier assessment by the anesthesiologist; and a more-systematic approach to nutrition, fluid and @entity26 therapy, and urinary retention. RESULTS: In the intervention group, the rate of any in-hospital postoperative complication was reduced from 33% to 20% (odds ratio=0.61, 95% confidence interval=0.4-0.9; P=.002). Rates of @entity911 (P=.02), @entity55 (P=.03), and @entity293 (P<.001) were lower in the intervention group than in the control group, and length of stay was 15.8 days in the control group, versus 9.7 days in the intervention group (P<.001). For community dwellers, 12-month mortality was 23% in the control group versus 12% in the intervention group (P=.02). Overall 12-month mortality was 29% in the control group and 23% in the intervention group (P=.2). CONCLUSION: The optimized @entity173 program reduced the rate of in-hospital @entity260 and mortality. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results and elucidate the elements of the program that have the greatest effect on clinical outcomes and mortality.

title: A comprehensive XXXX program reduces complication rates and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: Leucocyte trafficking in afferent and efferent mammary lymph and the supramammary lymph node in @entity291 was examined during 4 h after intramammary infusion of endotoxin from @entity526 . Total and differential leucocyte counts were measured in milk, blood and lymph. The proportions of @entity9214 (+), CD8(+), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II(+) and IgM(+) lymphocytes were examined in the lymph and lymph node. At post-infusion hour (PIH) 4, the flow rates of both lymph fluids had increased approximately eightfold. Total leucocyte concentration increased in afferent lymph, but decreased in efferent lymph. Neutrophils increased in afferent lymph at PIH 2 and in efferent lymph and milk at PIH 4. The predominant cell type in afferent lymph shifted from lymphocyte to neutrophil while lymphocyte was still at PIH 4 the predominant type in efferent lymph. Among the lymphocytes, B cells were predominant in afferent lymph and lymph node at PIH 4 while T cells, mainly @entity9214 (+) cells, were predominant in efferent lymph both at PIH 0 and PIH 4. The @entity9214 : CD8 ratio was higher in efferent lymph and the challenged lymph node than in afferent lymph and the control node, respectively. There was a significant difference in proportions of each lymphocyte subpopulation except for IgM(+) cells, between afferent and efferent lymph after infusion. According to the results, there was already during the first hours of the immune response, a non-random trafficking of neutrophils and lymphocyte subpopulations resulting in a changed distribution of cells in afferent and efferent lymph and a difference in lymphocyte reactivity between the two lymph fluids.

title: Total and differential leucocyte counts and lymphocyte subpopulations in lymph, afferent and efferent to the supramammary lymph node, during endotoxin-induced XXXX mastitis.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: AIM: to review admissions to the hospital due to @entity6942 over a 10 year period. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of all paediatric @entity1 admitted to Townsville Hospital between 1996 and 2006 that were proven to have positive cultures for @entity6943 . Details were obtained from the Microbiology Department of Townsville Hospital. RESULTS: Between 1996 and 2006, there were 150 cases of culture-confirmed @entity6942 in North Queensland. Of these, eight (5.3%) were in @entity1 aged under 16 years. There were three deaths in this group. Three @entity1 developed @entity16 and there were no cases of parotid involvement. In our series, @entity16 appeared to be statistically more significant in @entity1 compared with adults. CONCLUSION: @entity6942 is an uncommon @entity281 in Australia. In our series, @entity16 appeared to be common in @entity1 compared with adults with devastating sequelae. The reasons for this remain unclear.

title: XXXX in North Queensland, Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6943 :: ('28450', 'Species') :: ['B. pseudomallei']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological melioidosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric infection']

entities_list: @entity6942 :: ('MESH:D008554', 'Disease') :: ['Melioidosis', 'melioidosis', 'Paediatric Melioidosis']

answer: @entity6942 :: (MESH:D008554,Disease) :: ['Paediatric melioidosis']


abstract: @entity282 and symptom management at home following pediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T _ A) is challenging. There are few randomized clinical trials that have established postoperative care interventions that are specific and effective during home recovery. The purpose of this pilot feasibility study was to describe how @entity1 and their families implemented a randomly assigned alarm intervention designed to promote postoperative around-the-clock administration of analgesics. Thirteen @entity1 from 12 through 18 years of age were randomly assigned to either the around-the-clock (RTC) intervention group (n = 7) or the usual care group (UCG) of controls (n = 6). The RTC intervention group was requested to use an alarm as a reminder to awaken and administer analgesia during the nighttime hours of sleep. @entity1 randomly assigned to the UCG of controls were given the same discharge education as the RTC intervention group that emphasized around-the-clock administration of analgesia. The UCG of controls were not requested to use the alarm intervention. Both groups documented @entity158 intensity and other symptoms daily for 3 days in a diary. All @entity1 wore an actigraphy-score wrist monitor to assess sleep during the same 3 days. Telephone interviews were conducted with the @entity1 and mothers at 24 hours and 10 to 14 days after surgery. Nonparametric statistics were used to compare differences between the two groups. @entity1 in the RTC intervention group administered significantly (p = .014) more analgesics by the second postoperative day than the UCG of controls. @entity158 intensity was moderate to severe for both groups. The mean hours of nighttime sleep for the two groups did not differ. Themes that emerged from the qualitative analysis of the interviews included painful challenges; struggling with decisions; making things work; a lengthy recovery; and family support. Results supported the need for research to establish evidenced-based home care interventions specific for T _ A postoperative recovery. Mothers and @entity1 suggested the need for education and support that extends longer into the recovery period.

title: Family exemplars during implementation of a home XXXX management intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Ischemic @entity810 (iAKI) is a common event in organ transplantation and may occur during severe surgery. To gain mechanistic insights into @entity63 -induced alterations at the level of proximal tubule cells we set up an in vitro model of @entity63 and reperfusion using the @entity35 proximal tubule cell line NRK-52E. In this particular model we simultaneously applied @entity520 , @entity519 and aglycemia together for 2h, using low volume buffer systems and a @entity519 chamber. Thereafter reperfusion was mimicked by subsequently culturing the cells for up to 48h under standard conditions. In order to validate the system we investigated whether effects that take place in existing in vivo models of @entity63 and reperfusion can be observed. Namely, induction of @entity39 , apoptosis and of @entity63 reperfusion induced protein (IRIP), dedifferentiation (alphaSMA), @entity32 ( @entity4647 ), @entity1506 ( @entity1506 ), release of @entity1421 and basolateral uptake of organic anions. In fact, all parameters developed as described for the in vivo situation during reperfusion after @entity63 . Taken altogether we have established an in vitro model of proximal tubule cell @entity16 after @entity63 , showing typical changes described in vivo. Additionally, our model system is suitable for isolated application of the typical insults associated with @entity63 (e.g. @entity520 alone, @entity519 alone, aglycemia alone), in order to obtain more insight into the mechanistic events that lead to @entity16 in the kidney on the cellular level.

title: Implementation of an in vitro model system for investigation of XXXX after renal ischemia.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion damage']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['reperfusion damage']


abstract: PURPOSE: To conduct the first randomized trial on classical and medium-chain @entity412 (MCT) versions of the ketogenic diet, examining efficacy and tolerability after 3, 6, and 12 months. METHODS: One hundred forty-five @entity1 with intractable @entity302 were randomized to receive a classical or an MCT diet. @entity410 frequency was assessed after 3, 6, and 12 months. Treatment withdrawals were documented. Tolerability was assessed by questionnaire, and blood @entity6178 levels were measured. RESULTS: Of the 61 @entity1 who started a classical diet and the 64 who started an MCT diet, data from 94 were available for analysis: 45 classical and 49 MCT. After 3, 6, and 12 months there were no statistically significant differences in mean percentage of baseline @entity410 between the two groups (3 months: classical 66.5%, MCT 68.9%; 6 months: classical 48.5%, MCT 67.6%; 12 months: classical 40.8%, MCT 53.2%; all p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in numbers achieving greater than 50% or 90% @entity410 reduction. Serum @entity4323 and @entity4322 levels at 3 and 6 months were significantly higher in @entity1 on the classical diet (p < 0.01); this was the case at 12 months for @entity4323 . There were no significant differences in tolerability except increased reports in the classical group of lack of energy after 3 months and @entity391 after 12 months. DISCUSSION: This study has shown classical and MCT ketogenic diet protocols to be comparable in efficacy and tolerability; both ways of implementing the diet have their place in the treatment of childhood @entity302 .

title: A randomized trial of classical and medium-chain XXXX ketogenic diets in the treatment of childhood @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4323 :: ('MESH:C016635', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetate']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: PURPOSE: To conduct the first randomized trial on classical and medium-chain @entity412 (MCT) versions of the ketogenic diet, examining efficacy and tolerability after 3, 6, and 12 months. METHODS: One hundred forty-five @entity1 with intractable @entity302 were randomized to receive a classical or an MCT diet. @entity410 frequency was assessed after 3, 6, and 12 months. Treatment withdrawals were documented. Tolerability was assessed by questionnaire, and blood @entity6178 levels were measured. RESULTS: Of the 61 @entity1 who started a classical diet and the 64 who started an MCT diet, data from 94 were available for analysis: 45 classical and 49 MCT. After 3, 6, and 12 months there were no statistically significant differences in mean percentage of baseline @entity410 between the two groups (3 months: classical 66.5%, MCT 68.9%; 6 months: classical 48.5%, MCT 67.6%; 12 months: classical 40.8%, MCT 53.2%; all p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between groups in numbers achieving greater than 50% or 90% @entity410 reduction. Serum @entity4323 and @entity4322 levels at 3 and 6 months were significantly higher in @entity1 on the classical diet (p < 0.01); this was the case at 12 months for @entity4323 . There were no significant differences in tolerability except increased reports in the classical group of lack of energy after 3 months and @entity391 after 12 months. DISCUSSION: This study has shown classical and MCT ketogenic diet protocols to be comparable in efficacy and tolerability; both ways of implementing the diet have their place in the treatment of childhood @entity302 .

title: A randomized trial of classical and medium-chain @entity412 ketogenic diets in the treatment of childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity5 of the head and neck region seldom appear in the midface and nasal cavity. Correct differential diagnosis of @entity5 is crucial for adequate therapy, as their clinical @entity146 seems to differ. The rather uncommon case of a 14-year-old @entity1 with a @entity5 of the middle turbinate is presented. The radiologic appearance of the @entity5 , on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, was consistent with @entity82 . Angiography revealed extensive vascularisation of the @entity5 from both the internal and external carotid arteries. To avoid @entity1939 following embolisation, a superselective embolisation of the supplying blood vessels was performed. The @entity5 was completely resected via an endoscopic approach. Histopathology revealed an ossifying @entity81 . This case emphasises the importance of interpretation of the clinical, radiological and histological features before planning definitive treatment. Moreover, when @entity5 are suspected, the possibility of extensive, complicated vascularisation must be considered. This case underwent radical resection, with no recurrence after four years' follow up.

title: Fibro-osseous lesion of the middle turbinate: ossifying @entity81 or XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['fibro-osseous tumours', 'Benign fibro-osseous tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral blindness']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous dysplasia']


abstract: @entity5 of the head and neck region seldom appear in the midface and nasal cavity. Correct differential diagnosis of @entity5 is crucial for adequate therapy, as their clinical @entity146 seems to differ. The rather uncommon case of a 14-year-old @entity1 with a @entity5 of the middle turbinate is presented. The radiologic appearance of the @entity5 , on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans, was consistent with @entity82 . Angiography revealed extensive vascularisation of the @entity5 from both the internal and external carotid arteries. To avoid @entity1939 following embolisation, a superselective embolisation of the supplying blood vessels was performed. The @entity5 was completely resected via an endoscopic approach. Histopathology revealed an ossifying @entity81 . This case emphasises the importance of interpretation of the clinical, radiological and histological features before planning definitive treatment. Moreover, when @entity5 are suspected, the possibility of extensive, complicated vascularisation must be considered. This case underwent radical resection, with no recurrence after four years' follow up.

title: Fibro-osseous lesion of the middle turbinate: ossifying XXXX or @entity82 ?

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['fibroma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), @entity295 and their subsequent complication, the @entity881 ( @entity881 ), remain major complications following polytrauma. This prospective clinical study aimed at evaluating the association between these and plasma @entity8923 ( @entity8923 ) and @entity6421 levels. METHODS: Inclusion in the series required an Injury Severity Score (ISS) >16, age 16-65 years, admission within 6 h of the accident and survival >48 h; 55 @entity1 were enrolled. Over 14 days, plasma @entity6421 and @entity8923 levels and the clinical course regarding @entity881 , @entity1850 and @entity295 were recorded daily using the Marshall Score for @entity881 and the ACCP/SCCM criteria for @entity1850 and @entity295 . RESULTS: @entity6421 and @entity8923 plasma levels were increased in + @entity881 cases as compared with - @entity881 cases over almost the entire observation period. @entity8923 concentrations over days 3-6 were significantly increased among @entity1 with @entity295 . These increases were all apparent 2-3 days before the clinical diagnosis of @entity295 or @entity881 was made. In contrast, no significant differences in @entity6421 and @entity8923 plasma levels were observed between @entity1 with and without @entity1850 . CONCLUSIONS: Determinations of @entity6421 and @entity8923 concentrations might represent early markers for posttraumatic complications such as @entity881 and @entity295 . They might help to differentiate between @entity1850 and @entity295 and thereby guide the timing of the surgery for polytrauma. @entity6421 and @entity8923 levels should be used together with the clinical status and other inflammatory markers ( @entity650 , @entity687 , etc.) for prediction of posttraumatic complications.

title: Elevated systemic @entity8923 and XXXX levels are associated with posttraumatic complications among @entity1 with multiple injuries: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['neopterin', 'Neopterin']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['SIRS', 'Posttraumatic systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

answer: @entity6421 :: (MESH:D019798,Chemical) :: ['neopterin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), @entity295 and their subsequent complication, the @entity881 ( @entity881 ), remain major complications following polytrauma. This prospective clinical study aimed at evaluating the association between these and plasma @entity8923 ( @entity8923 ) and @entity6421 levels. METHODS: Inclusion in the series required an Injury Severity Score (ISS) >16, age 16-65 years, admission within 6 h of the accident and survival >48 h; 55 @entity1 were enrolled. Over 14 days, plasma @entity6421 and @entity8923 levels and the clinical course regarding @entity881 , @entity1850 and @entity295 were recorded daily using the Marshall Score for @entity881 and the ACCP/SCCM criteria for @entity1850 and @entity295 . RESULTS: @entity6421 and @entity8923 plasma levels were increased in + @entity881 cases as compared with - @entity881 cases over almost the entire observation period. @entity8923 concentrations over days 3-6 were significantly increased among @entity1 with @entity295 . These increases were all apparent 2-3 days before the clinical diagnosis of @entity295 or @entity881 was made. In contrast, no significant differences in @entity6421 and @entity8923 plasma levels were observed between @entity1 with and without @entity1850 . CONCLUSIONS: Determinations of @entity6421 and @entity8923 concentrations might represent early markers for posttraumatic complications such as @entity881 and @entity295 . They might help to differentiate between @entity1850 and @entity295 and thereby guide the timing of the surgery for polytrauma. @entity6421 and @entity8923 levels should be used together with the clinical status and other inflammatory markers ( @entity650 , @entity687 , etc.) for prediction of posttraumatic complications.

title: Elevated systemic XXXX and @entity6421 levels are associated with posttraumatic complications among @entity1 with multiple injuries: a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity8923 :: (3606,Gene) :: ['IL-18']