abstract: The generation of @entity26 radicals in biological systems and their sites of intracellular release have been subject of numerous studies in the last decades. Based on these studies mitochondria are considered to be the major source of intracellular @entity26 radicals. Although this finding is more or less accepted, the mechanism of univalent @entity26 reduction in mitochondria is still obscure. One of the most critical electron transfer steps in the respiratory chain is the electron bifurcation at the cytochrome bc1 complex. Recent studies with genetically mutated mitochondria have made it clear that electron bifurcation from @entity15401 to the cytochrome bc1 complex requires the free mobility of the head domain of the Rieske @entity5985 protein. On the other hand, it has been long known that inhibition of electron bifurcation by @entity8581 causes leakage of single electrons to @entity26 , which results in the release of @entity224 radicals. These findings lead us to study whether hindrance of the interaction of @entity15401 with the cytochrome bc1 complex is the regulator of single electron diversion to @entity26 . Hindrance of electron bifurcation was observed following alterations of the physical state of membrane phospholipids in which the cytochrome bc1 complex is inserted. Irrespective of whether the fluidity of the membrane lipids was elevated or decreased, electron flow rates to the Rieske @entity5985 protein were drastically reduced. Concomitantly @entity224 radicals were released from these mitochondria, strongly suggesting an effect on the mobility of the head domain of the Rieske @entity5985 protein. This revealed the involvement of the @entity15401 cytochrome bc1 redox couple in mitochondrial @entity224 formation. The regulator, which controls leakage of electrons to @entity26 , appears to be the electron-branching activity of the cytochrome bc1 complex.

title: Mitochondrial XXXX radical formation is controlled by electron bifurcation to the high and low potential pathways.

entities_list: @entity15401 :: ('MESH:C003741', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinol']

entities_list: @entity8581 :: ('MESH:D000968', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin A']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'dioxygen']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity5985 :: ('CHEBI:30408', 'Chemical') :: ['iron-sulfur']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: @entity1778 cells are sensitive to attack by elements of the immune system as evidenced by the effects of T cell depletion, graft versus @entity1778 and donor lymphocyte infusion on leukaemic recurrence. An implication is that the immune system can be manipulated to enhance anti-leukaemic effects by exogenous stimulation including the use of immunostimulatory cytokines. These could potentially be used in a controlled manner that avoids the clinical problems associated with @entity2132 . The cytokine used most extensively to date is @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), a molecule that induces T lymphocyte proliferation and the generation of MHC unrestricted @entity137 . Despite over 10 years of clinical experience, the data on efficacy in @entity3052 remains unclear due to lack of adequate randomised trials. @entity1199 appears to be effective in @entity1 with low level marrow infiltration by @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) blast cells. It is less effective when @entity1 present or relapse with packed bone marrows. The logical assumption that @entity1199 treatment given during states of minimal residual disease will reduce the incidence or speed of disease recurrence remains to be adequately tested. @entity1199 administration is associated with characteristic clinical adverse effects and with specific immuno-haematological changes. The use of other cytokines for immune manipulation in @entity1 with @entity3052 is so far essentially limited to the research laboratory. Potential uses include cytokine induced blast differentiation to dendritic cells and the use of irradiated cytokine gene transduced leukaemic cells as vaccines.

title: Cytokine manipulation of the immune response in the treatment of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'Myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['acute leukaemia']


abstract: @entity1778 cells are sensitive to attack by elements of the immune system as evidenced by the effects of T cell depletion, graft versus @entity1778 and donor lymphocyte infusion on leukaemic recurrence. An implication is that the immune system can be manipulated to enhance anti-leukaemic effects by exogenous stimulation including the use of immunostimulatory cytokines. These could potentially be used in a controlled manner that avoids the clinical problems associated with @entity2132 . The cytokine used most extensively to date is @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), a molecule that induces T lymphocyte proliferation and the generation of MHC unrestricted @entity137 . Despite over 10 years of clinical experience, the data on efficacy in @entity3052 remains unclear due to lack of adequate randomised trials. @entity1199 appears to be effective in @entity1 with low level marrow infiltration by @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) blast cells. It is less effective when @entity1 present or relapse with packed bone marrows. The logical assumption that @entity1199 treatment given during states of minimal residual disease will reduce the incidence or speed of disease recurrence remains to be adequately tested. @entity1199 administration is associated with characteristic clinical adverse effects and with specific immuno-haematological changes. The use of other cytokines for immune manipulation in @entity1 with @entity3052 is so far essentially limited to the research laboratory. Potential uses include cytokine induced blast differentiation to dendritic cells and the use of irradiated cytokine gene transduced leukaemic cells as vaccines.

title: Cytokine manipulation of the immune response in the treatment of XXXX @entity1778 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the short- and long-term outcomes of the surgical treatment for @entity14 at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M  dicas y Nutrici  n Salvador Zubir  n (INCMNSZ) in Mexico City. BACKGROUND: @entity14 is the second most frequent @entity5 of the digestive tract in Mexico. Its incidence is rising, and its identification in early stages is important to offer a curative surgical treatment. METHODS: Retrospective, descriptive observational trial. We studied 165 @entity1 who underwent colorectal surgery for treatment of @entity5 between 1985 and 1994 at the INCMNSZ. We compared the variables of @entity1 and the surgical procedures and their relationship with morbidity and mortality with 5-year survival. RESULTS: Survival was greater in curative-attempting procedures of the colon than of the rectum (p < 0.05). Survival rate was also greater in earlier stages of the disease at the moment of diagnosis. Surgical morbidity occurred in 30% due to wound @entity281 in most cases. Mortality rate was 3.6%, while the main cause was @entity295 . @entity1 > 65 years of age had a higher mortality rate. Rectal surgery had higher morbidity than colonic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Detecting @entity1 at earlier stages of the disease is required to offer them a curative-attempting surgery procedure. Stage at moment of diagnosis correlates with survival rates. Age was a risk factor for surgical mortality, and rectal surgery, a risk factor for morbidity.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX . 10-year experience at the INCMNSZ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence that perioperative blood transfusion may lead to immunosuppression. Our aim was to determine whether blood transfusion influenced survival after esophagectomy for @entity189 . METHODS: The study group comprised 234 consecutive @entity1 (175 @entity1 and 59 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 66 years who underwent esophagectomy for @entity189 by one surgeon between 1988 and 1998. The impact of 41 variables on survival was determined by means of univariate and multivariate analysis. Follow-up was complete (mean follow-up, 19.2 months; standard deviation, 16 months; range, 0 to 129 months). RESULTS: The operative mortality rate was 5.6% (13 deaths). Median operative @entity190 was 700 mL (range, 150 to 7,000 mL). One hundred sixty-one @entity1 (68.8%) received a blood transfusion postoperatively (mean transfusion, 2.6 units; range, 0 to 12 units). Overall actuarial 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates inclusive of operative mortality were 58.1%, 28.5%, and 16.1%, respectively. On univariate analysis, positive lymph nodes, pathological @entity2802 stage, transfusion of more than 3 units of blood, incomplete resection, poor @entity5 cell differentiation, @entity5 , greater weight loss, male sex, and @entity420 were significant (p < 0.05) negative factors for survival. On Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, after excluding operative mortality, lymph node involvement (p = 0.001), incomplete resection (p = 0.0001), poor @entity5 cell differentiation (p = 0.04), and transfusion of more than 3 units of blood (p = 0.04) were independent adverse predictors of late survival. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to reaffirming the importance of completeness of resection and nodal involvement, this study demonstrates that blood transfusion (more than 3 units) may have a significant adverse effect on late survival after esophageal resection for @entity189 . Every effort should be made to limit the amount of transfused blood to the absolutely essential requirements.

title: The influence of perioperative blood transfusion on survival after esophageal resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'longer tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity604 in old @entity1 is associated with a decrease in muscle mass and strength. However, the influence of muscle size and strength on age-related changes in bone geometry has not been comprehensively described. Methods. @entity1 in their third (group I, 23 +/- 3 y, n = 20), eighth (group II, 77 +/- 1 y, n = 10), and ninth (group III, 86 +/- 4 y, n = 13) decades of age were studied. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the elbow flexors, elbow extensors, and forearm muscles, the total area (TA), cortical area (CA), and medullary area (MA) of the midhumerus, and distal third of the radius and ulna (n = 7 group II; n = 6 group III) were measured with magnetic resonance imaging. The maximal isometric strength (MVC) of the @entity14228 was also determined. RESULTS: The CSA and MVC of the arm muscles ( @entity14228 ) were less in group II (-17% and -22%) and III (-32% and -39%), respectively, compared to group I. However, forearm CSA was less (-21%) in group III only. The TA and MA of all bones were greater in the older groups. The CA of the humerus (-14%) and ulna (-10%), but not the radius, was less in group III compared to group I, whereas CA was unchanged in group II. Stepwise multiple linear regression determined that arm muscle CSA (r = 0.52, p <.01) and forearm muscle CSA (r = 0.41, p <.05) provided the best prediction of CA in the humerus and forearm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle size and strength are important determinants of CA in the humerus and forearm. The lower CA in the ninth decade may be explained, in part, by reduced bone strains due to a smaller muscle mass.

title: Muscle size, strength, and bone geometry in the upper limbs of young and old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow flexors and elbow extensors', 'elbow flexors plus elbow extensors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Defects of mitochondrial @entity844 beta-oxidation are an important group of inherited @entity209 in @entity1 . Despite improved screening opportunities, diagnosis of these disorders is not often straightforward and requires enzyme analyses. Because therapy is effective in many of these disorders, rapid diagnosis is essential. We report a technique that allows analysis of @entity844 oxidation not only in cultured cells (fibroblasts, myoblasts, and myotubes) but also in fresh muscle homogenate. @entity844 oxidation analysis was performed by incubating fresh muscle homogenate or harvested cultured cells with stable isotopically labeled @entity2365 . The intermediates generated were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Results of @entity1 with seven different beta-oxidation disorders were compared with controls. @entity14992 intermediates in @entity1 samples could be easily differentiated from the control samples. The @entity14992 profile of each beta-oxidation defect was compatible with localization of the enzyme defect. Both in @entity1 and control samples, the same pattern of intermediates could be detected in fibroblasts, muscle cells, and fresh muscle homogenate. The procedure described allowed correct diagnosis of all the beta-oxidation defects studied. Utilization of fresh muscle samples reduces the delay in diagnosis related to tissue culture and is useful in diagnostic of @entity1 with neuromuscular phenotype. Measurement of @entity844 oxidation intermediates from myoblasts or myotubes is an additional tool in investigating pathogenetic mechanisms of @entity121 in beta-oxidation defects.

title: Analysis of mitochondrial XXXX oxidation intermediates by tandem mass spectrometry from intact mitochondria prepared from homogenates of cultured fibroblasts, skeletal muscle cells, and fresh muscle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid', 'Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity14992 :: ('MESH:C116917', 'Chemical') :: ['acylcarnitine', 'Acylcarnitine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: Postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMR), a local therapeutic modality, is recommended to treat @entity0 @entity1 with multiple involved axillary lymph nodes (a marker of increased systemic risk). Bothered by this conceptually flawed treatment approach we evaluated the impact of PMR on the treatment of @entity1 with four or more involved axillary lymph nodes. We identified 1164 @entity1 treated from 1982 through 1999 with mastectomy. We reviewed the records of the 223 who demonstrated four or more positive axillary lymph nodes. Of these 128 were treated by mastectomy only and 95 by PMR. The mastectomy-only group demonstrated a mean @entity5 size of 3.5 cm, a median of seven axillary nodes involved, and a median of 24.9 nodes harvested. The PMR group had a mean @entity5 size of 4.3 cm with nine positive nodes out of a median total of 23.3 harvested. The difference in mean @entity5 size was statistically significant (P = 0.01). The locoregional recurrence (10.9% vs 12.6%), distant recurrence rates (42.2% vs 35.8%), and 5-year survival (51% vs 55%) were not statistically different between the mastectomy-only group versus the PMR group, respectively. Adding PMR to @entity0 treatment demonstrated no improvement in outcome. Despite limitations of this retrospective study the results strongly support evaluation of PMR by a high-quality randomized prospective trial.

title: Postmastectomy radiation in XXXX with four or more positive nodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Effects of @entity535 substitutions at four fully buried sites of the ubiquitin molecule on the thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy, Gibbs energy) of unfolding were evaluated experimentally using differential scanning calorimetry. The same set of substitutions has been incorporated at each of four sites. These substitutions have been designed to perturb packing (van der Waals) interactions, hydration, and/or @entity3884 bonding. From the analysis of the thermodynamic parameters for these ubiquitin variants we conclude that: (i) packing of non-polar groups in the protein interior is favorable and is largely defined by a favorable enthalpy of van der Waals interactions. The removal of one @entity845 group from the protein interior will destabilize a protein by approximately 5 kJ/mol, and will decrease the enthalpy of a protein by 12 kJ/mol. (ii) Burial of polar groups in the non-polar interior of a protein is highly destabilizing, and the degree of destabilization depends on the relative polarity of this group. For example, burial of Thr side-chain in the non-polar interior will be less destabilizing than burial of Asn side-chain. This decrease in stability is defined by a large enthalpy of dehydration of polar groups upon burial. (iii) The destabilizing effect of dehydration of polar groups upon burial can be compensated if these buried polar groups form @entity3884 bonding. The enthalpy of this @entity3884 bonding will compensate for the unfavorable dehydration energy and as a result the effect will be energetically neutral or even slightly stabilizing.

title: Thermodynamic consequences of burial of polar and non-polar XXXX residues in the protein interior.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity845 :: ('CHEBI:29358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: We performed for the first time the allelotype of relapsed childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ). A total of 38 cases were screened for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) using 71 markers. In all, 26 (68%) @entity1 showed LOH on at least one chromosomal arm, indicating that LOH is a frequent event at relapse. The most frequent loss was found on chromosomal arm 9p at the @entity986 / @entity986 locus (39%). LOH at the @entity9604 gene locus on chromosomal arm 12p also occurred often (25%). Frequent loss was observed on chromosome arms 4q (20%), 6q (21%), and 17q (20%). Sequential analysis (i.e. samples obtained from both initial diagnosis and relapse) shows that some @entity1 (63%) have the identical LOH status at both phases, suggesting the presence of the same clone. Other samples (37%) showed distinct LOH alterations, indicating @entity2214 at relapse. Despite the heterogeneous and complex changes, some shared LOH loci occurred in these matched samples, suggesting that many of the same tumor-suppressor genes are aberrant at both phases. In summary, novel tumor-suppressor genes on chromosome arms 4q, 6q, and 17q, as well as the @entity986 and @entity9604 genes, have an important role in the relapse of @entity981 .

title: Allelotype analysis in relapsed childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal evolution']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['childhood ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Commercial expeditions provide an opportunity for travelers to undertake various specialized travel to more adventurous destinations in the relative security of an expeditionary group. Little is known about the illnesses and @entity130 occurring on such expeditions. METHODS: From the commencement of the Blake Expedition in 2001, the expedition physician recorded all illnesses and @entity130 reported among the crew and also among the indigenous @entity1 encountered, while undertaking the expedition. The duration of the expedition was two and a half months, and involved travel by yacht, riverboat and jungle canoe or "bongo". The crew numbered 26 personnel: 24 @entity1 , including the expedition physician, and two @entity1 . RESULTS: Seventy-eight health problems were reported and recorded among 19 (73.1%) members of the expeditionary team. There was one @entity204 , but there were no other major incidents requiring emergency evacuation or hospitalization. Types of illness were largely those related to ear, nose and @entity66 (15/78, 19%), @entity130 (12/87, 15%), bites and stings (12/87, 15%), and respiratory (10/78, 13%), dermatologic (9/78, 12%) and gastroenterologic conditions (7/78, 9%). A further 24 health problems were reported and recorded among 22 indigenous @entity1 who approached the expedition physician for treatment. Types of illness were largely related to dermatologic conditions (9/24, 38%), accidents and @entity130 (4/24, 17%), and @entity311 (4/24, 17%). CONCLUSIONS: This expedition was both noteworthy and newsworthy because of the @entity204 of the team leader, Sir Peter Blake, although the health problems encountered were largely similar to those reported for other expeditions. @entity66 was uncommon. Adequate pre-trip preparation of expedition teams is considered important, and the inclusion of an expedition physician decreased the reliance on local health services, which are often scarce or absent on more remote-location expeditions. Adequate psychological preparation of expedition teams should also be included, to prepare expedition teams for unexpected outcomes, such as @entity204 or severe injury.

title: Life and XXXX on the Amazon: illness and injury to travelers on a South American expedition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['throat disease', 'Tropical disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: Characterizing denitrification rates in aquatic ecosystems is essential to understanding how systems may respond to increased nutrient loading. Thus, it is important to ensure the precision and accuracy of the methods employed for measuring denitrification rates. The @entity14493 ( @entity728 ) inhibition method is a simple technique for estimating denitrification. However, potential problems, such as inhibition of nitrification and incomplete inhibition of @entity3810 reduction, may influence rate estimates. Recently, membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) has been used to measure denitrification in aquatic systems. Comparable results were obtained with MIMS and @entity728 inhibition methods when @entity2755 was added to @entity728 inhibition assay mixtures to inhibit new synthesis of denitrifying enzymes. Dissolved- @entity26 profiles indicated that surface layers of sediment cores subjected to the MIMS flowthrough incubation remained oxic whereas cores incubated using the @entity728 inhibition methods did not. Analysis of the microbial assemblages before and after incubations indicated significant changes in the sediment surface populations during the long flowthrough incubation for MIMS analysis but not during the shorter incubation used for the @entity728 inhibition method. However, bacterial community changes were also small in MIMS cores at the @entity26 transition zone where denitrification occurs. The @entity728 inhibition method with @entity2755 addition, conducted over short incubation intervals, provides a cost-effective method for estimating denitrification, and rate estimates are comparable to those obtained by the MIMS method.

title: Comparing denitrification estimates for a Texas estuary by using XXXX inhibition and membrane inlet mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity14493 :: ('MESH:D000114', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylene']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity14493 :: (MESH:D000114,Chemical) :: ['acetylene']


abstract: Hepatic @entity438 are rare lesions but of significant clinical importance because @entity397 is associated with elevated mortality. Although diagnosis using CT scanning and, more importantly, angiography has been well defined, the therapeutic choices are less clear. We retrospectively selected @entity1 from 1985 to 2000 who were treated with either traditional surgical or percutaneous techniques. In total we treated six @entity1 , four males and two females. This represents 17.6% of 34 @entity1 treated by us for splanchnic @entity438 . The treatment was surgical in two cases (33.3%) and percutaneous in four cases (66.6%). All lesions were successfully treated with exclusion/ablation of the @entity439 . Mortality was nil; in one of the surgical cases we reported a transient @entity1578 and in the endovascular group, one right @entity1143 , one small @entity1188 , and one @entity2849 . The first therapeutic strategy to be taken into consideration is always the percutaneous approach. However, surgery still has a role in those cases where the lesion cannot be repaired percutaneously. Based on our own experience (good results, no mortality, and few complications) and in accordance with the literature, it is clear that an @entity146 approach is warranted in those @entity1 .

title: Treatment of six hepatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['splenic infarction']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the palliative effect of reirradiation and @entity221 in @entity1 with unresectable, recurrent @entity14 . METHODS: The medical records of 54 @entity1 with unresectable, recurrent @entity14 that caused @entity158 and who were treated with reirradiation and @entity221 , were evaluated retrospectively. Previous radiotherapy was given up to a total dose ranging from 25-70 grays (Gy). The median interval between prior radiotherapy and reirradiation was 22 months (range, 4-97 months). The total reirradiation dose varied from 24 Gy to 32 Gy given in fractions of 4 Gy twice weekly. Three or four @entity221 treatments were given once weekly. @entity137 was registered. The influence of World Health Organization (WHO) performance status, maximum @entity5 dimension, and time between first radiotherapy and reirradiation on therapeutic outcome was evaluated. The results of this study were compared with published results on @entity1 who received radiotherapy with or without @entity221 . RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 (87%) completed the planned treatment schedule. The maximum @entity137 was Grade 2. All @entity1 were evaluated for palliative effect. The median follow-up was 10 months. A good or complete palliative effect was achieved in 72% of @entity1 for a median duration of 6 months. @entity1 who had a better WHO performance status, smaller @entity5 , and a longer interval between first radiotherapy and reirradiation had slightly better outcomes, although none of those parameters reached statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The described combined treatment was feasible and well tolerated. Comparison of results from radiotherapy plus @entity221 with results after radiotherapy alone suggested that additional @entity221 prolonged the duration of palliation. Firm proof of the contribution of @entity221 will require performing a Phase III study.

title: Reirradiation and XXXX in rectal carcinoma: a retrospective study on palliative effect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: In recent years a progressive worsening of fertility indices in dairy @entity291 herds has been observed. Several factors (genetic, dietary and management) seem to be more related to poor fertility than milk yield level. The degree and the length of the energy deficit during the transition period are inversely related to reproductive indices (e.g. conception rate is <30% for BCS decreases over one unit). A serious energy deficit reduces (or suppresses) pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins ( @entity2670 and/or smaller follicles): @entity4208 and insulin plasma levels (slower follicle growth and higher embryonic mortality); and @entity1420 production from the corpus luteum (higher rate of @entity5852 ). The diet influences fertility in several ways. Excess of rumen degradable proteins, apart from negative energy balance, negatively affects reproductive activity. Conversely, some nutrients (i.e. some @entity1474 or some @entity1522 ) seem to show positive effects on fertility. Finally, the relationship between health status, often compromised during the transition period, and fertility efficiency is discussed. The release of cytokines seems to be related directly and indirectly (mainly by the change in usual hepatic metabolism to the malfunction of reproductive apparatus. Quick recovery of reproductive activity requires the adoption of strategies around calving to cover the higher environmental and nutritive requirements and to prevent disorders of any kind.

title: Transition XXXX : interaction with fertility.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic abortions']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dysfunction']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in the @entity157 are responsible for @entity5 encapsulation as a host defense mechanism. Recently, it was suggested that HSCs might play an important role in hepatic angiogenesis. Thus, HSCs in the HCC may be involved in @entity5 angiogenesis and pathogenesis of @entity99 . The purpose of this study was to examine the involvement of activated HSCs in the angiogenesis of @entity157 . METHODS: We investigated the effect of @entity1 HSC conditioned medium (CM) on the endothelial cell proliferation with or without stimulation of HepG2 CM, using @entity665 incorporation assay. Additionally, we investigated the effect of HepG2 CM on HSCs proliferation and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of various pro-angiogenic factors such as @entity687 ( @entity687 ), @entity540 ( @entity540 ), and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in HSCs. RESULTS: HSC CM caused a significant increase in DNA synthesis in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The endothelial proliferation effect of HSCs was augmented by HepG2 CM. HepG2 CM significantly increased HSCs proliferation and stimulated @entity687 and @entity540 mRNA expression in HSCs. CONCLUSIONS: HSCs promote endothelial proliferation through various soluble factors. The soluble factors secreted in HepG2 stimulate HSC proliferation and up-regulate mRNA expression of proangiogenic factors. This result suggests that HSCs may play an important role in the angiogenesis of @entity157 .

title: [Role of hepatic stellate cells in the angiogenesis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H] thymidine']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incisional @entity547 is a common late complication of elective @entity439 ( @entity439 ) repair. This paper describes a technique that could prevent the development of this condition. METHODS: Since Jan 2001, a @entity7502 mesh has been sutured prophylactically in the pre-peritoneal space during abdominal closure after elective @entity439 repair. RESULTS: Twenty-eight consecutive elective procedures were performed. One @entity1 died from a @entity583 13 days after operation. Four @entity1 (14%) had a wound @entity281 (1 deep @entity3256 resistant @entity794 ( @entity794 ) @entity281 and 3 superficial) that were treated successfully with antibiotics and dressings. One additional @entity1 had a positive @entity794 wound swab but required no treatment. Two @entity1 required late re-operations. One, who was on @entity1229 , required an urgent laparotomy for a leaking false @entity439 of the distal anastomoses 3 months after elective repair. A second @entity1 had an anterior resection 18 months after @entity439 repair. Both re-operations were uneventful. No @entity1 has yet developed a clinically evident incisional @entity547 . CONCLUSIONS: These early data suggest that this mesh technique is a simple, safe and potentially effective method to decrease the incidence of incisional @entity547 following @entity449 repair.

title: Prevention of incisional @entity547 after XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aneurysm', 'AAA', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incisional @entity547 is a common late complication of elective @entity439 ( @entity439 ) repair. This paper describes a technique that could prevent the development of this condition. METHODS: Since Jan 2001, a @entity7502 mesh has been sutured prophylactically in the pre-peritoneal space during abdominal closure after elective @entity439 repair. RESULTS: Twenty-eight consecutive elective procedures were performed. One @entity1 died from a @entity583 13 days after operation. Four @entity1 (14%) had a wound @entity281 (1 deep @entity3256 resistant @entity794 ( @entity794 ) @entity281 and 3 superficial) that were treated successfully with antibiotics and dressings. One additional @entity1 had a positive @entity794 wound swab but required no treatment. Two @entity1 required late re-operations. One, who was on @entity1229 , required an urgent laparotomy for a leaking false @entity439 of the distal anastomoses 3 months after elective repair. A second @entity1 had an anterior resection 18 months after @entity439 repair. Both re-operations were uneventful. No @entity1 has yet developed a clinically evident incisional @entity547 . CONCLUSIONS: These early data suggest that this mesh technique is a simple, safe and potentially effective method to decrease the incidence of incisional @entity547 following @entity449 repair.

title: Prevention of incisional XXXX after @entity449 repair.

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: AIM: The most accepted treatment for @entity281 by @entity1534 is the proton pump inhibitor based therapy with two antibiotics. However, there is no consensus regarding the duration. The purpose here was to compare eradication percentages in the @entity4546 + @entity115 + @entity4581 regimen administered during 7 days versus 10 days and confront the results with a previous 14-day* experience in Peru. METHOD: @entity1 from the Central Military Hospital and Peruvian-Japanese Hospital evidencing chronic upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms were recruited. We excluded @entity1 with peptic ulcer. Biopsies were taken for diagnosis, for urease and PCR tests, culture and coloring with @entity575 . @entity4546 + @entity4581 + @entity115 was used during 7 days versus 10 days. Control endoscopy was performed one month after treatment had been completed and molecular biology techniques were used to differentiate recurrences from new infections. Susceptibility to @entity4581 was assessed. RESULTS: 36 @entity1 were included in each group. Eradication was the same in both groups: 86.1% (31/36). In several @entity1 in whom the bacteria persisted, the same initial nucleus was found. In a previous study* using this same regimen during 14 days, a 93% eradication was obtained. 91.18% of our samples were susceptible to @entity4581 . CONCLUSIONS: In Peru, the @entity4546 + @entity4581 + @entity115 combination gives results higher than 80% in the eradication of @entity281 by @entity1534 . The 7 and 10 days regimens eradicated the bacteria in 86% of our @entity1 .

title: [ @entity4546 , @entity115 and XXXX in the treatment of helicobacterpylori, in 7 and 10-day regimens].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

answer: @entity4581 :: (MESH:D017291,Chemical) :: ['clarithromycin']


abstract: AIM: The most accepted treatment for @entity281 by @entity1534 is the proton pump inhibitor based therapy with two antibiotics. However, there is no consensus regarding the duration. The purpose here was to compare eradication percentages in the @entity4546 + @entity115 + @entity4581 regimen administered during 7 days versus 10 days and confront the results with a previous 14-day* experience in Peru. METHOD: @entity1 from the Central Military Hospital and Peruvian-Japanese Hospital evidencing chronic upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms were recruited. We excluded @entity1 with peptic ulcer. Biopsies were taken for diagnosis, for urease and PCR tests, culture and coloring with @entity575 . @entity4546 + @entity4581 + @entity115 was used during 7 days versus 10 days. Control endoscopy was performed one month after treatment had been completed and molecular biology techniques were used to differentiate recurrences from new infections. Susceptibility to @entity4581 was assessed. RESULTS: 36 @entity1 were included in each group. Eradication was the same in both groups: 86.1% (31/36). In several @entity1 in whom the bacteria persisted, the same initial nucleus was found. In a previous study* using this same regimen during 14 days, a 93% eradication was obtained. 91.18% of our samples were susceptible to @entity4581 . CONCLUSIONS: In Peru, the @entity4546 + @entity4581 + @entity115 combination gives results higher than 80% in the eradication of @entity281 by @entity1534 . The 7 and 10 days regimens eradicated the bacteria in 86% of our @entity1 .

title: [ @entity4546 , XXXX and @entity4581 in the treatment of helicobacterpylori, in 7 and 10-day regimens].

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxicillin']


abstract: AIM: The most accepted treatment for @entity281 by @entity1534 is the proton pump inhibitor based therapy with two antibiotics. However, there is no consensus regarding the duration. The purpose here was to compare eradication percentages in the @entity4546 + @entity115 + @entity4581 regimen administered during 7 days versus 10 days and confront the results with a previous 14-day* experience in Peru. METHOD: @entity1 from the Central Military Hospital and Peruvian-Japanese Hospital evidencing chronic upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms were recruited. We excluded @entity1 with peptic ulcer. Biopsies were taken for diagnosis, for urease and PCR tests, culture and coloring with @entity575 . @entity4546 + @entity4581 + @entity115 was used during 7 days versus 10 days. Control endoscopy was performed one month after treatment had been completed and molecular biology techniques were used to differentiate recurrences from new infections. Susceptibility to @entity4581 was assessed. RESULTS: 36 @entity1 were included in each group. Eradication was the same in both groups: 86.1% (31/36). In several @entity1 in whom the bacteria persisted, the same initial nucleus was found. In a previous study* using this same regimen during 14 days, a 93% eradication was obtained. 91.18% of our samples were susceptible to @entity4581 . CONCLUSIONS: In Peru, the @entity4546 + @entity4581 + @entity115 combination gives results higher than 80% in the eradication of @entity281 by @entity1534 . The 7 and 10 days regimens eradicated the bacteria in 86% of our @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX , @entity115 and @entity4581 in the treatment of helicobacterpylori, in 7 and 10-day regimens].

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['Omeprazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel ( @entity855 ) III recommendations incorporate new evidence for treating elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . OBJECTIVES: Comparisons between the prevalence of drug-eligible Canadians under the old @entity855 II and the new @entity855 III guidelines were made, and the impact of @entity28 on current and future drug eligibility was explored using various models. METHODS: @entity1 from the Canadian Heart Health Surveys (1986 to 1992; n=17,728; 20 to 74 years of age) were assigned to therapeutic lifestyle change or drug-eligible groups in the event of elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . Body mass index was used to classify @entity1 as having normal weight, or as being overweight or @entity28 . The prevalence of overweight and @entity28 status for 2001, 2006 and 2011 were projected from past trends by linear regression. Population attributable risk was used to model reductions or increases in the prevalence of @entity28 in drug-eligible @entity1 using several nationally representative population health surveys. RESULTS: In 2001, an additional 1.1 million Canadians were drug-eligible under @entity855 III (16.0% of @entity1 , 9.5% of @entity1 ), compared with @entity855 II (7.7% of @entity1 , 7.7% of @entity1 ). Drug eligibility was elevated in overweight @entity1 ( @entity1 : OR=1.87 [1.51 to 2.31]; @entity1 : OR=1.60 [1.13 to 2.28]) and the @entity28 ( @entity1 : OR=2.86 [1.86 to 4.38]; @entity1 : OR=2.28 [1.63 to 3.18]) versus normal weight @entity1 . The population attributable risk was higher in @entity1 (overweight 22.6%, @entity28 11.5%) than in @entity1 (overweight 9.4%, @entity28 9.2%). IMPLICATIONS: A 10% reduction in overweight and @entity28 prevalence could have prevented 69,530 cases of drug eligibility in 2001. On the other hand, by 2011 over one million Canadians will be drug-eligible because of an elevated body mass index, if the recent trends in overweight and @entity28 status continue.

title: National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines and XXXX : implications for Canada.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel ( @entity855 ) III recommendations incorporate new evidence for treating elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . OBJECTIVES: Comparisons between the prevalence of drug-eligible Canadians under the old @entity855 II and the new @entity855 III guidelines were made, and the impact of @entity28 on current and future drug eligibility was explored using various models. METHODS: @entity1 from the Canadian Heart Health Surveys (1986 to 1992; n=17,728; 20 to 74 years of age) were assigned to therapeutic lifestyle change or drug-eligible groups in the event of elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . Body mass index was used to classify @entity1 as having normal weight, or as being overweight or @entity28 . The prevalence of overweight and @entity28 status for 2001, 2006 and 2011 were projected from past trends by linear regression. Population attributable risk was used to model reductions or increases in the prevalence of @entity28 in drug-eligible @entity1 using several nationally representative population health surveys. RESULTS: In 2001, an additional 1.1 million Canadians were drug-eligible under @entity855 III (16.0% of @entity1 , 9.5% of @entity1 ), compared with @entity855 II (7.7% of @entity1 , 7.7% of @entity1 ). Drug eligibility was elevated in overweight @entity1 ( @entity1 : OR=1.87 [1.51 to 2.31]; @entity1 : OR=1.60 [1.13 to 2.28]) and the @entity28 ( @entity1 : OR=2.86 [1.86 to 4.38]; @entity1 : OR=2.28 [1.63 to 3.18]) versus normal weight @entity1 . The population attributable risk was higher in @entity1 (overweight 22.6%, @entity28 11.5%) than in @entity1 (overweight 9.4%, @entity28 9.2%). IMPLICATIONS: A 10% reduction in overweight and @entity28 prevalence could have prevented 69,530 cases of drug eligibility in 2001. On the other hand, by 2011 over one million Canadians will be drug-eligible because of an elevated body mass index, if the recent trends in overweight and @entity28 status continue.

title: National XXXX Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines and @entity28 : implications for Canada.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase inhibitors with additional nicotinic activity, such as @entity11545 , may be useful in @entity1726 @entity1 with @entity303 ( @entity3602 ) since stimulation of nicotinic receptors may prevent the down-regulation that is likely to accompany cholinesterase inhibition and facilitate @entity935 release in the striatum. METHODS: Sixteen @entity3602 @entity1 (six female) with onset of @entity73 after at least one year with @entity304 participated in this open-label trial of @entity11545 . Cognitive, @entity146 , and motor symptoms were assessed before and after 8 weeks of treatment with @entity11545 using unstructured clinical assessment as well as rating scales including the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), clock drawing test, verbal fluency and selected items from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). RESULTS: Age (mean, SD) was 75.6 (5.2) years, duration of @entity1726 13.4 (5.9), duration of @entity303 2.1 (1.7) years, Hoehn and Yahr score was 3.8 (0.8) and baseline @entity1032 score was 17.7 (6.7). Side-effects caused discontinuation in three @entity1 , but were rare and mild in the remaining 13. Improvement of global mental symptoms was noted in eight @entity1 , whereas worsening was reported in four. @entity1833 improved in seven of the nine @entity1 with @entity1833 before treatment. @entity304 improved in six @entity1 , but a mild worsening of @entity400 was noted in three. Clock-drawing improved (p=0.016), and trends towards improvement on @entity1032 (p=0.09) and verbal fluency (p=0.16) were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although controlled trials are needed, the findings suggest that @entity11545 is useful in @entity1 with @entity3602 .

title: Cognitive, XXXX and motor response to @entity11545 in Parkinson's disease with @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini-Mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism', 'parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity11545 :: ('MESH:D005702', 'Chemical') :: ['galantamine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations', 'Hallucinations']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase inhibitors with additional nicotinic activity, such as @entity11545 , may be useful in @entity1726 @entity1 with @entity303 ( @entity3602 ) since stimulation of nicotinic receptors may prevent the down-regulation that is likely to accompany cholinesterase inhibition and facilitate @entity935 release in the striatum. METHODS: Sixteen @entity3602 @entity1 (six female) with onset of @entity73 after at least one year with @entity304 participated in this open-label trial of @entity11545 . Cognitive, @entity146 , and motor symptoms were assessed before and after 8 weeks of treatment with @entity11545 using unstructured clinical assessment as well as rating scales including the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), clock drawing test, verbal fluency and selected items from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). RESULTS: Age (mean, SD) was 75.6 (5.2) years, duration of @entity1726 13.4 (5.9), duration of @entity303 2.1 (1.7) years, Hoehn and Yahr score was 3.8 (0.8) and baseline @entity1032 score was 17.7 (6.7). Side-effects caused discontinuation in three @entity1 , but were rare and mild in the remaining 13. Improvement of global mental symptoms was noted in eight @entity1 , whereas worsening was reported in four. @entity1833 improved in seven of the nine @entity1 with @entity1833 before treatment. @entity304 improved in six @entity1 , but a mild worsening of @entity400 was noted in three. Clock-drawing improved (p=0.016), and trends towards improvement on @entity1032 (p=0.09) and verbal fluency (p=0.16) were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although controlled trials are needed, the findings suggest that @entity11545 is useful in @entity1 with @entity3602 .

title: Cognitive, @entity146 and motor response to @entity11545 in Parkinson's disease with XXXX .

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase inhibitors with additional nicotinic activity, such as @entity11545 , may be useful in @entity1726 @entity1 with @entity303 ( @entity3602 ) since stimulation of nicotinic receptors may prevent the down-regulation that is likely to accompany cholinesterase inhibition and facilitate @entity935 release in the striatum. METHODS: Sixteen @entity3602 @entity1 (six female) with onset of @entity73 after at least one year with @entity304 participated in this open-label trial of @entity11545 . Cognitive, @entity146 , and motor symptoms were assessed before and after 8 weeks of treatment with @entity11545 using unstructured clinical assessment as well as rating scales including the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), clock drawing test, verbal fluency and selected items from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). RESULTS: Age (mean, SD) was 75.6 (5.2) years, duration of @entity1726 13.4 (5.9), duration of @entity303 2.1 (1.7) years, Hoehn and Yahr score was 3.8 (0.8) and baseline @entity1032 score was 17.7 (6.7). Side-effects caused discontinuation in three @entity1 , but were rare and mild in the remaining 13. Improvement of global mental symptoms was noted in eight @entity1 , whereas worsening was reported in four. @entity1833 improved in seven of the nine @entity1 with @entity1833 before treatment. @entity304 improved in six @entity1 , but a mild worsening of @entity400 was noted in three. Clock-drawing improved (p=0.016), and trends towards improvement on @entity1032 (p=0.09) and verbal fluency (p=0.16) were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although controlled trials are needed, the findings suggest that @entity11545 is useful in @entity1 with @entity3602 .

title: Cognitive, @entity146 and motor response to XXXX in Parkinson's disease with @entity303 .

answer: @entity11545 :: (MESH:D005702,Chemical) :: ['galantamine']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to determine whether the clinical benefits of @entity11545 for @entity1 with @entity195 lead to benefits for caregivers. METHODS: Data were pooled from two concurrent, multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-month trials. Time caregivers spent assisting with @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) and time @entity1 could be left unsupervised each day were assessed using the Allocation of Caregiver Time Survey. In total, 825 @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity195 were included. RESULTS: At endpoint, caregivers of @entity11545 -treated @entity1 were more likely to report reductions (41% vs 37%), maintenance (19% vs 14%) or smaller increases (26% vs 34% reporting an increase >30 minutes) in time assisting with @entity3457 compared with the placebo group (p=0.026; Wilcoxon rank-sum test). The mean daily time difference was 32 minutes (p=0.011). Among @entity1 with moderate @entity195 , caregivers of @entity11545 -treated @entity1 were even more likely to report reductions (46% vs 37%), maintenance (15% vs 6%) or smaller increases (25% vs 42% for increases >30 min) vs placebo (p=0.004), with a mean daily time saving of 53 minutes (p=0.021). Caregivers of @entity11545 -treated @entity1 were more likely to report increases (22% vs 18%), maintenance (45% vs 43%) or smaller reductions (30% vs 37% for reductions >30 minutes) in time the @entity1 could be left unsupervised compared with placebo (p=0.027). Mean daily time saving was 27 minutes. Among @entity1 with moderate @entity195 , the treatment effect was greater (p=0.029), with caregivers in the @entity11545 group reporting the change in time left unsupervised as 68 minutes longer each day than caregivers of @entity1 receiving placebo. CONCLUSION: The clinical benefits of @entity11545 for @entity1 with @entity195 are also associated with benefits to caregiving.

title: The effects of @entity11545 treatment on caregiver time in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['activities of daily living', 'ADL']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to determine whether the clinical benefits of @entity11545 for @entity1 with @entity195 lead to benefits for caregivers. METHODS: Data were pooled from two concurrent, multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-month trials. Time caregivers spent assisting with @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) and time @entity1 could be left unsupervised each day were assessed using the Allocation of Caregiver Time Survey. In total, 825 @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity195 were included. RESULTS: At endpoint, caregivers of @entity11545 -treated @entity1 were more likely to report reductions (41% vs 37%), maintenance (19% vs 14%) or smaller increases (26% vs 34% reporting an increase >30 minutes) in time assisting with @entity3457 compared with the placebo group (p=0.026; Wilcoxon rank-sum test). The mean daily time difference was 32 minutes (p=0.011). Among @entity1 with moderate @entity195 , caregivers of @entity11545 -treated @entity1 were even more likely to report reductions (46% vs 37%), maintenance (15% vs 6%) or smaller increases (25% vs 42% for increases >30 min) vs placebo (p=0.004), with a mean daily time saving of 53 minutes (p=0.021). Caregivers of @entity11545 -treated @entity1 were more likely to report increases (22% vs 18%), maintenance (45% vs 43%) or smaller reductions (30% vs 37% for reductions >30 minutes) in time the @entity1 could be left unsupervised compared with placebo (p=0.027). Mean daily time saving was 27 minutes. Among @entity1 with moderate @entity195 , the treatment effect was greater (p=0.029), with caregivers in the @entity11545 group reporting the change in time left unsupervised as 68 minutes longer each day than caregivers of @entity1 receiving placebo. CONCLUSION: The clinical benefits of @entity11545 for @entity1 with @entity195 are also associated with benefits to caregiving.

title: The effects of XXXX treatment on caregiver time in @entity195 .

answer: @entity11545 :: (MESH:D005702,Chemical) :: ['galantamine']


abstract: Anophelines were sampled from 82 locations on Buka and Bougainville islands in Papua New Guinea by larval collections, @entity544 -baited mosquito traps, and @entity1 biting catches. Anopheles farauti s.s. was collected in larval surveys but infrequently in mosquito traps on both islands; on Buka Island this species was readily collected in @entity1 biting catches. Anopheles farauti 2 was commonly collected in larval surveys on both islands; however, it was not collected in either mosquito traps or @entity1 biting catches. Anopheles punctulatus was found only on Buka Island, where it was commonly collected as larvae, but rarely in @entity1 biting catches and mosquito traps. Anopheles lungae was collected as larvae from only 1 site on Bougainville. Anopheles farauti s.s. fed consistently throughout the night (1900-0600 h); small peaks at midnight and dawn were not statistically significant. Of 1,156 An. farauti s.s. specimens examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for @entity311 sporozoites, 20 were found to be positive; 12 were positive for @entity3964 and 8 were positive for @entity3965 (247 variant = 5; 210 variant = 3). Anopheles farauti s.s. seems to be the major @entity311 vector on these islands, whereas An. punctulatus may play a minor role on Buka Island. Anophele jarauti 2 is unlikely to be involved in @entity311 transmission on Buka or Bougainville islands.

title: XXXX vectors on Buka and Bougainville Islands, Papua New Guinea.

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['Malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Western Canada Waiting List Project (WCWL) is a federally funded partnership of 19 organizations, including medical associations, health authorities, ministries of health and research organizations, that was created to develop tools to assist in the management of waiting lists. The WCWL @entity231 surgery panel, one of five panels constituted under this project, developed and tested a set of standardized clinical criteria for prioritizing among @entity1 awaiting @entity231 surgery. METHODS: The @entity231 surgery panel was composed of seven @entity4207 and community ophthalmologists, two family physicians, an optometrist, a health care services researcher and a health information specialist. The panel met three times between October 1999 and June 2000. The priority criteria were applied to 563 @entity1 in the four western provinces. Regression analysis was used to determine the set of criteria weights that collectively best predicted clinicians' overall ratings of urgency. Interrater and test-retest reliability were assessed, based on clinicians' ratings of videotaped interviews with six hypothetical @entity1 . RESULTS: The resulting criteria accounted for about one-third of the observed variance in clinicians' ratings of overall clinical urgency (R2 = 31.2%). The panel modified the original criteria and weights based on empirical results and clinical judgement. Reliability of the revised criteria items was mixed, with the lowest reliability observed for items dealing with glare and social role. INTERPRETATION: Participating clinicians considered the criteria easy to use and reasonably reflective of expert surgical judgement regarding clinical urgency. Further development and testing of the tool appear warranted.

title: Developing XXXX surgery priority criteria: results from the Western Canada Waiting List Project.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the phenotype/genotype correlations in Arab @entity1 with @entity827 ( @entity827 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was performed in a 3-year period (February 1998-February 2001). @entity1 were seen in the pediatric @entity827 clinic of Jordan University Hospital, and the diagnosis of @entity827 was made according to published criteria. Screening for mutations was carried out by direct sequencing of the entire coding sequence of exon 10 and its donor splice site and by restriction endonuclease testing for mutations in exon 2. A total of 278 @entity1 with clinically positive @entity827 were screened. RESULTS: Of the 278 @entity1 , 50 (18%) had 2 mutations identified, and 76 (27%) other @entity1 had only 1 mutation identified. The 50 @entity1 with 2 mutations are the subject of this report. The @entity16502 / @entity16502 and the @entity16502 / @entity51049 and @entity16500 / @entity16500 genotypes were the most common (30%, 16%, and 14%, respectively). Three homozygous genotypes ( @entity16502 / @entity16502 , @entity51049 / @entity51049 , and @entity16500 / @entity16500 ) and 2 compound heterozygous genotypes ( @entity16502 / @entity51049 and @entity51049 / @entity52014 ) accounted for 78% of mutations. The difference in the mean severity score (14 +/- 2) of the @entity16502 / @entity16502 group and the @entity51049 / @entity51049 (mean severity score, 10 +/- 3) and @entity16500 /M6941 (mean severity score, 6 +/- 1) groups was statistically significant (P =.003 and.0, respectively). The difference between the @entity70926 / @entity16502 group and the @entity16502 / @entity51049 (mean severity score, 15 +/- 2) was not statistically significant (P = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: The genotypes @entity16502 / @entity16502 and @entity16502 / @entity51049 have a severe clinical course in Arab @entity1 with @entity827 , whereas the @entity16500 / @entity16500 is associated with mild disease.

title: Genotype/phenotype correlations in Arab @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['familial Mediterranean fever', 'FMF']

answer: @entity827 :: (MESH:D010505,Disease) :: ['familial Mediterranean fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the phenotype/genotype correlations in Arab @entity1 with @entity827 ( @entity827 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was performed in a 3-year period (February 1998-February 2001). @entity1 were seen in the pediatric @entity827 clinic of Jordan University Hospital, and the diagnosis of @entity827 was made according to published criteria. Screening for mutations was carried out by direct sequencing of the entire coding sequence of exon 10 and its donor splice site and by restriction endonuclease testing for mutations in exon 2. A total of 278 @entity1 with clinically positive @entity827 were screened. RESULTS: Of the 278 @entity1 , 50 (18%) had 2 mutations identified, and 76 (27%) other @entity1 had only 1 mutation identified. The 50 @entity1 with 2 mutations are the subject of this report. The @entity16502 / @entity16502 and the @entity16502 / @entity51049 and @entity16500 / @entity16500 genotypes were the most common (30%, 16%, and 14%, respectively). Three homozygous genotypes ( @entity16502 / @entity16502 , @entity51049 / @entity51049 , and @entity16500 / @entity16500 ) and 2 compound heterozygous genotypes ( @entity16502 / @entity51049 and @entity51049 / @entity52014 ) accounted for 78% of mutations. The difference in the mean severity score (14 +/- 2) of the @entity16502 / @entity16502 group and the @entity51049 / @entity51049 (mean severity score, 10 +/- 3) and @entity16500 /M6941 (mean severity score, 6 +/- 1) groups was statistically significant (P =.003 and.0, respectively). The difference between the @entity70926 / @entity16502 group and the @entity16502 / @entity51049 (mean severity score, 15 +/- 2) was not statistically significant (P = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS: The genotypes @entity16502 / @entity16502 and @entity16502 / @entity51049 have a severe clinical course in Arab @entity1 with @entity827 , whereas the @entity16500 / @entity16500 is associated with mild disease.

title: Genotype/phenotype correlations in Arab XXXX with @entity827 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recently, it has not been rare for psychiatrists to treatment disorders and provide consultation on mental health problems for @entity1 from different cultures. The following is a brief outline of @entity146 and mental health problems of the @entity1 who immigrated in culturally different societies. In reviewing the literature, most of the reports demonstrate that the admission rate for @entity161 is higher among immigrants than among @entity1 remaining in their original countries or among native-born @entity1 of the host countries. Furthermore the prevalence of @entity1316 in community surveys is reported to be higher among immigrants than among native-born @entity1 of the host countries. In regard to gender difference of vulnerability to cross-cultural immigration, the prevalence rate for @entity146 is reported to be higher in female immigrants than male immigrants. Psychological adaptation of Japanese war orphans returned from Mainland China four decades after WWII revealed that psychological problems became exacerbated three months after resettlement in Japan and took three years to recover. Three @entity4696 that manifested in resettlement were @entity3119 , @entity2531 and @entity308 . It is hypothesized that the acculturation process can be divided into four layers: the behavioral level, intellectual level, representative level and emotional level. The study of the acculturation process of Japanese war orphans demonstrated that it gradually proceeded from a surface level to deeper levels, namely from the behavioral level-->intellectual level-->representative level-->emotional level. The relationship of psychological adaptation and acculturation process is reported to be complicated. The acculturation process does not necessarily accompany psychological adaptation and vice versa. Impact of immigration on psychological manifestation revealed the following vicissitude: the asymptomatic phase for two months after resettlement-->hypochondriacal phase-->depressive phase-->paranoid phase. The vicissitude of psychological manifestations of the impact of immigration may be a reflection of the four layers of adaptive mechanisms (G. Vaillant).

title: [Cross-cultural adaptation and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsession']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatization']

entities_list: @entity4696 :: ('MESH:D003865', 'Disease') :: ['major psychological symptoms']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: @entity1120 , the most prevalent @entity2315 , is inherited as an @entity74 . The gold standard for diagnosis is decreased acid beta-glucosidase activity in the lymphocytes or fibroblasts; molecular analysis of mutations allows for some prognostication of disease severity. Prenatal diagnosis and carrier testing for at-risk families are currently available. There is tremendous phenotypic heterogeneity in the non-neuronopathic form (type I), ranging from clinically asymptomatic to massive @entity382 , @entity6118 , @entity851 in @entity1 and extensive involvement of bone and lungs. Presence on one allele of the most common mutation, @entity10727 , which is the most prevalent among Ashkenazi Jews for whom there is a predilection for @entity1120 , is protective of neurological involvement. Some mutations, such as 84GG and IVS2+1, are associated with more severe disease manifestations when appearing as compound heterozygotes with @entity10727 , but when occurring in the homozygous state are not compatible with life. Other mutations, such as @entity10726 , are associated with severe @entity16 when occurring as compound heterozygotes with @entity10727 , but when occurring in the homozygous state may be predictive of @entity16 of either acute (type II) or subacute (type III) forms. In the past decade, enzyme replacement therapy has become available which has resulted in a reduction in liver and spleen volume and consequently improved @entity417 and @entity882 in most @entity1 . It has also engendered catch-up growth in many @entity1 , induced improvement in lung involvement secondary to @entity1120 , and to some extent ameliorated episodes of @entity158 . By virtue of treatment, many @entity1 who may have been severely affected no longer need to undergo splenectomy to treat @entity6118 , and therefore they are not at risk of bone involvement consequent to the loss of the preferred reservoir for lipid-laden 'Gaucher cells'. However, enzyme treatment is ineffective in reversing neurological signs, requires a lifelong commitment to intravenous infusions, thereby reducing quality of life, and is relatively expensive for many national health schemes. Hence, alternative forms of treatment, such as substrate balance, are being explored. Symptomatic management, including orthopedic surgery, @entity158 relief for @entity158 and even splenectomy, still has importance for @entity1 with @entity1120 . In addition, there is the potential for bone marrow transplantation and, in the future, gene therapy to be curative, particularly for @entity1 with the neuronopathic forms.

title: XXXX : pediatric concerns.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorder']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease', 'non-neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive condition']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher disease']


abstract: Travoprost, a highly selective and potent analogue of the @entity3009 @entity3774 , has recently been approved and marketed as a topical @entity551 agent for the treatment of @entity2790 and @entity726 . Following absorption into the eye, the free acid form of travoprost interacts with the endogenous FP prostanoid receptor to enhance aqueous humor outflow and lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Travoprost is distinguished from other marketed @entity3009 analogues in that it is a full agonist at the @entity3009 receptor. It is also highly selective with little or no affinity for other prostanoid or non-prostanoid receptors in the eye. Travoprost provides robust lowering of IOP with little diurnal fluctuation and results in @entity551 in a large percentage of @entity1 . In controlled clinical trials, travoprost 0.004% o.d. used as monotherapy produced greater IOP reduction than @entity6839 0.5% b.i.d. and equal or greater reduction than latanoprost 0.005%o.d. Travoprost 0.004% was also shown to be an effective adjunctive agent offering an additional 5 - 7 mmHg IOP reduction in @entity1 inadequately controlled on @entity6839 0.5%. Subgroup analysis of a large Phase III trial revealed travoprost 0.004% to be significantly more effective at lowering IOP in African American @entity1 by almost 2 mmHg compared to non-African Americans. Moreover, a higher percentage of African American @entity1 responded to travoprost 0.004% and reached lower target pressures than with either latanoprost 0.005% or @entity6839 0.5%. Travoprost is a very stable compound, maintaining its efficacy following exposure to extremely low and high temperatures, repeated freezing and thawing and exposure to light. Throughout all clinical trials, travoprost was found to be safe and well-tolerated with very few (< 5%) discontinuations due to adverse events. Travoprost 0.004% represents a clinically significant advance for the treatment of @entity726 and @entity2790 , offering superior IOP reduction and diurnal control, especially among African American @entity1 , in a safe, well-tolerated, stable formulation.

title: Travoprost--a new @entity3009 analogue for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['low target pressures', 'ocular hypotensive']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Travoprost, a highly selective and potent analogue of the @entity3009 @entity3774 , has recently been approved and marketed as a topical @entity551 agent for the treatment of @entity2790 and @entity726 . Following absorption into the eye, the free acid form of travoprost interacts with the endogenous FP prostanoid receptor to enhance aqueous humor outflow and lower intraocular pressure (IOP). Travoprost is distinguished from other marketed @entity3009 analogues in that it is a full agonist at the @entity3009 receptor. It is also highly selective with little or no affinity for other prostanoid or non-prostanoid receptors in the eye. Travoprost provides robust lowering of IOP with little diurnal fluctuation and results in @entity551 in a large percentage of @entity1 . In controlled clinical trials, travoprost 0.004% o.d. used as monotherapy produced greater IOP reduction than @entity6839 0.5% b.i.d. and equal or greater reduction than latanoprost 0.005%o.d. Travoprost 0.004% was also shown to be an effective adjunctive agent offering an additional 5 - 7 mmHg IOP reduction in @entity1 inadequately controlled on @entity6839 0.5%. Subgroup analysis of a large Phase III trial revealed travoprost 0.004% to be significantly more effective at lowering IOP in African American @entity1 by almost 2 mmHg compared to non-African Americans. Moreover, a higher percentage of African American @entity1 responded to travoprost 0.004% and reached lower target pressures than with either latanoprost 0.005% or @entity6839 0.5%. Travoprost is a very stable compound, maintaining its efficacy following exposure to extremely low and high temperatures, repeated freezing and thawing and exposure to light. Throughout all clinical trials, travoprost was found to be safe and well-tolerated with very few (< 5%) discontinuations due to adverse events. Travoprost 0.004% represents a clinically significant advance for the treatment of @entity726 and @entity2790 , offering superior IOP reduction and diurnal control, especially among African American @entity1 , in a safe, well-tolerated, stable formulation.

title: Travoprost--a new XXXX analogue for the treatment of @entity726 .

answer: @entity3009 :: (CHEBI:26333,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our first study had shown that Chinese tea has anti-Helicobacter activity. The present study investigated the relationship between @entity1 'Helicobacter status and the history of Chinese tea consumption. METHODS: Chinese @entity1 who had their first upper endoscopy were recruited. Before the procedure, @entity1 completed questionnaires about their current Chinese tea consumption habits and those when they were around 10-25 years old. This information was used to calculate the tea consumption indices (TCI). Gastric biopsies (two from the antrum and two from the corpus) were taken for histological examination for Helicobacter. RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 were recruited. Eight @entity1 were rejected because of either an incomplete questionnaire, absence of gastric biopsy or a suspected history of treatment for @entity13639 . Of the 72 @entity1 , 42 (58.3%) were Helicobacter positive. The age, sex ratio and indications for endoscopy were similar in both Helicobacter-positive and -negative groups. Classifying @entity1 using either current, past or total TCI, @entity1 with high tea consumption had significantly lower @entity13639 rate than those with low tea consumption (45% compared to 74%, 42% compared to 67% and 40% compared to 83%, respectively). Helicobacter-negative @entity1 had higher overall TCI than Helicobacter-positive @entity1 (28.2:17.3). When current and previous histories were analyzed separately, Helicobacter-negative @entity1 also had a trend towards higher TCI currently (16.6:11.0) and in their 20s (11.6:6.1). CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant inverse relationship between Chinese tea consumption and @entity13639 . Chinese tea consumption may decrease the chance of @entity13639 .

title: Chinese tea consumption and lower risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13639 :: ('MESH:D016481', 'Disease') :: ['Helicobacter infection']

answer: @entity13639 :: (MESH:D016481,Disease) :: ['Helicobacter infection']


abstract: AIM: To make an epidemiological survey of schistosome @entity1909 among the residents living along the banks of the Huaihe River. METHODS: Making inquiries about signs and symptoms of schistosome @entity1909 , and physical examinations of manifestation in the residents (fishermen and peasants). Cercariae shed from the Radix auricularia collected in the field were used to infect ducklings. The eggs and miracidia separated from the feces of the full grown @entity4186 bred by fishermen were used to infect Radix auricularia. RESULTS: @entity1909 locally known as " @entity4186 itch" (meaning @entity4186 -fecesdermatitis) was discovered among the residents living along the Huaihe River bank. The main signs and symptoms of the @entity1909 included @entity5105 or red papular eruption with areorae, urticae, urticant itch or titillation around the affected areas (including thoracic part, abdomen and lower limbs etc). The cercariae with eye spot were found from Radix auricularia collected from Huaihe riverside and were identified to be the species of Trichobilharzia can both hatch miracidium, which laboratory-reared Radix auricularia were infected with miracidia hatched from the two types of eggs, rhomboid eggs and crescent eggs, found in the feces of full grown @entity4186 bred by fishermen and shed the same cereariae with eye spot. Besides, adult worms of Trichobiharzia were obtained by dissecting both experimentally infected ducklings bred in the laboratory and naturally infected @entity4186 bred in the Huaihe river-side area. The above-mentioned eggs, miracidia, cercariae and adult worms were all identified to belong to the life-phase of Trichobilharzia. CONCLUSION: The @entity66 known as @entity1909 harmful to the health of the residents living along the banks of Huaihe River is caused by the cercariae of Trichobilharzia.

title: [An epidemiological survey of schistosome XXXX among the residents living along the banks of the Huaihe River system].

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse erythema']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['cercarial dermatitis', 'Schistosome dermatitis', 'dermatitis', 'schistosoma cercarial dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic disease']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['cercarial dermatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of the duodenal switch procedure as surgical treatment of morbid @entity28 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The longitudinal gastrectomy and duodenal switch procedure as performed for morbid @entity28 involves a 75% subtotal greater curvature gastrectomy and long limb suprapapillary Roux-en-Y duodenoenterostomy. This results in a restricted caloric intake and diversion of bile and pancreatic secretions to induce @entity1386 . Broad acceptance of this procedure has been impeded because of concerns that the malabsorptive component may produce serious nutritional complications. METHODS: Review of data collected prospectively from all @entity1 who underwent duodenal switch as the primary surgical treatment of morbid @entity28 at a single institution during the 10-year period beginning September 1992. Operative morbidity and mortality, @entity353 , volume of food intake, and bowel function were recorded. Sequential measurements of serum albumin, hemoglobin, and @entity460 levels were obtained to assess metabolic function and nutrient absorption. RESULTS: Duodenal switch was performed as the primary operation in 701 (81%) of a total 863 @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery during the period of study. The average body mass index (BMI) was 52.8 (range, 34-95). Perioperative mortality was 1.4%, and morbidity (including leaks, wound dehiscence, splenectomy, and @entity86 ) occurred in 21 @entity1 (2.9%). Weight loss averaged 127 pounds at 1 year, 131 at 3 years, and 118 at 5 or more years (% EBWL of 69%, 73%, and 66%, respectively). The mean number of bowel movements was fewer than 3 per day. @entity1 reported and maintained a mean restriction of 63% of their preoperative intake (approximately 1600 calories), with no specific food intolerance, at 3 or more years follow-up. At 3 years, serum albumin remained at normal levels in 98% of @entity1 , hemoglobin in 52%, and @entity460 in 71%. No @entity1 reported dumping, and marginal @entity1066 were not seen. CONCLUSIONS: The longitudinal gastrectomy with duodenal switch is a safe and effective primary procedure for the treatment of morbid @entity28 . It has the advantage of allowing acceptable alimentation with a minimum of side effects while producing and maintaining significant @entity353 . These results are achieved without developing significant dietary restrictions or clinical metabolic or nutritional complications.

title: The duodenal switch operation for the treatment of morbid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['fat malabsorption']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a chronic, relapsing, @entity13571 with unknown etiology. During the progression of the disease, @entity344 can be observed. The aim of this study was to find out the predictive value of the @entity969 permeability test in detecting @entity344 in @entity195 . Twenty-six male Beh  et's @entity1 and 21 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in the study. Seventeen @entity1 had active disease, while nine did not. @entity66 was defined as having elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and @entity1851 (CRP) levels or at least two of the diagnostic criteria in the previous month. @entity1 and controls were investigated with the upper gastrointestinal permeability test. Of all the @entity1 , 25 were investigated endoscopically. The urine @entity969 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 than in the control group (P = 0.0001) and in @entity1 with active disease than those with inactive disease (P < 0.0001), while urine @entity969 of @entity1 with inactive disease and the control group did not differ. The endoscopic findings were not specific to @entity195 . Active and inactive @entity195 had similar endoscopic findings. Increased upper gastrointestinal permeability was established in @entity1 with @entity195 . This increased permeability was not related to a specific @entity344 . Further studies with larger series must be performed in order to determine the value of the @entity969 permeability test in detecting mucosal involvement in @entity195 .

title: Increased XXXX permeability in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Active disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal mucosal damage', 'gastrointestinal BD lesion', 'gastrointestinal involvement']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity969 :: (MESH:D013395,Chemical) :: ['sucrose']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is a chronic, relapsing, @entity13571 with unknown etiology. During the progression of the disease, @entity344 can be observed. The aim of this study was to find out the predictive value of the @entity969 permeability test in detecting @entity344 in @entity195 . Twenty-six male Beh  et's @entity1 and 21 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in the study. Seventeen @entity1 had active disease, while nine did not. @entity66 was defined as having elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and @entity1851 (CRP) levels or at least two of the diagnostic criteria in the previous month. @entity1 and controls were investigated with the upper gastrointestinal permeability test. Of all the @entity1 , 25 were investigated endoscopically. The urine @entity969 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 than in the control group (P = 0.0001) and in @entity1 with active disease than those with inactive disease (P < 0.0001), while urine @entity969 of @entity1 with inactive disease and the control group did not differ. The endoscopic findings were not specific to @entity195 . Active and inactive @entity195 had similar endoscopic findings. Increased upper gastrointestinal permeability was established in @entity1 with @entity195 . This increased permeability was not related to a specific @entity344 . Further studies with larger series must be performed in order to determine the value of the @entity969 permeability test in detecting mucosal involvement in @entity195 .

title: Increased @entity969 permeability in XXXX .

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Beh  et's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of instillation of latanoprost on the diurnal variation in the intraocular pressure(IOP), blood pressure, and pulse rate in @entity1 with normal-tension @entity726 ( @entity18665 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The diurnal variation in the IOP was determined in 23 eyes in 23 @entity18665 @entity1 after a washout period of 4 weeks or longer. The diurnal variation in IOP was then remeasured after latanoprost monotherapy of 8 weeks or longer. The IOP was measured by the Goldmann applanation tonometer at 10:00, 13:00, 16:00, 19:00, 22:00, 01:00, 03:00, 07:00, and 10:00 before and after treatment, and the IOP at each time point, mean diurnal IOP, maximum IOP, minimum IOP, and range of variation in IOP were compared before and after treatment. The blood pressure and pulse rate before and after treatment were also measured and compared. RESULTS: The IOP decreased significantly at all time points. The treatment caused significant decreases in the mean diurnal IOP, maximum IOP, minimum IOP, and range of variation in IOP. There were no differences in the blood pressure and pulse rate before and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Latanoprost significantly decreases the IOP throughout the day in @entity18665 @entity1 , and has no effects on the blood pressure and pulse rate. It is therefore useful in the treatment of @entity18665 .

title: [Effect of latanoprost on diurnal variations of intraocular pressure in normal-tension XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: A highly sensitive and selective analytical HPLC method is reported for the simultaneous measurement of salmon calcitonin (sCT) and its enzyme inhibitor, @entity4186 ovomucoid (dOVM). The method used a reversed phase C-18 column (4.6 x 250 mm, 5 microm) at room temperature. The elution was achieved using a gradient technique (20-35% B for 10 min, 35-37% B from 10th to 20th min and 37-20% B from 20th to 25th min). The mobile phase used was 0.05% v/v @entity6146 ( @entity13799 ) in water and 0.05% v/v @entity13799 in @entity1626 with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Detection was carried out by UV spectrophotometry at 210 nm. sCT and dOVM were eluted at 7.8 and 15.4 min respectively, free from any interfering endogenous peaks during a run time of 25 min. Linear relationships were observed between the detector response and the concentrations of the analytes (10-100 microg/ml for CT (r2 = 0.996) and 10-100 microg/ml for the dOVM (r2 = 0.999)). The assay was found to be highly selective and sensitive due to the absence of any interfering peaks. The lower C.V. and % error values of the assay indicates that the assay could accurately and precisely quantitate both sCT and dOVM in the examined concentration range. This method can be usedfor the simultaneous quantitative analysis of sCT and dOVM.

title: A validated HPLC assay for simultaneous analysis of salmon calcitonin and XXXX ovomucoid.

entities_list: @entity6146 :: ('MESH:D014269', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

answer: @entity4186 :: (8839,Species) :: ['duck']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish @entity303 diagnoses in @entity1 recently admitted to a nursing home by a geriatrician, and to compare the agreement with diagnoses recorded in the nursing home's medical records and with short screening instruments. DESIGN: Descriptive study. Geriatric work-up of the individual @entity1 , information obtained from the medical records of nursing homes, structured interviews with nurses and a short cognitive test. SETTING: Nursing homes in Bergen, Norway, with 123 long-term care @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity303 diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), Clinical @entity303 Rating and the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. RESULTS: Fifty-nine percent of the @entity1 were diagnosed as demented according to the ICD-10. One-third of cases were not formerly diagnosed according to nursing home medical records. Clinical @entity303 Rating and the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire detected " @entity303 / @entity303 " cases correctly in 93% and 94%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Geriatric work-up indicates under-diagnosing of @entity303 among recently admitted nursing home @entity1 . This may have serious consequences for the treatment. @entity303 diagnostics in primary health care must be improved. The knowledge of the attending nurses should be better incorporated in the medical work-up of nursing home @entity1 .

title: Missing the diagnosis: senile dementia in XXXX admitted to nursing homes.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['non-dementia', 'Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Wild type viruses have been known for decades for their capability to destroy @entity5 cells upon infection and intracellular replication. Genetic engineering of such viruses was, however, only recently done in an attempt to improve their utility as biological anticancer agents. Wild type or recombinant viruses able to selectively destroy @entity5 cells while sparing normal tissue are known as oncolytic viruses. Most oncolytic viruses currently investigated in clinical trials are derived from @entity9504 (HSVI). More than 300 @entity1 with solid @entity5 were now treated in clinical trials with oncolytic viruses, and in most cases virus was administered directly into the @entity5 mass. About 10% of the above @entity1 had recurrent @entity11 . Total intratumoral doses of up to 2 x 10(12) virus particles were well tolerated, and in general no severe side effects resulted from the clinical use of oncolytic AV and HSVI, either in the brain or in the rest of the body. Encouraging anti-tumoral activity was demonstrated in some types of @entity5 treated locally with oncolytic viruses, and systemic chemotherapy was found to potentiate the anti- @entity5 effect of virus mediated oncolysis. In @entity11 , standard gene therapy approaches employing non-replicating virus vectors failed to demonstrate significant benefit in clinical studies. Therapy with oncolytic viruses seems to hold more promise in early clinical trials than gene therapy with non-replicating virus vectors. However, further major advancements in virus designs, application modalities, and understanding of the interactions of the host's immune system with the virus are clearly needed before oncolytic virus therapy of @entity1313 can be introduced to clinical practice.

title: Oncolytic viruses for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus (AV) or herpes simplex virus type I']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['malignant brain tumours']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7929 is a rare @entity74 , with early onset of predominantly @entity21 . The symptoms of the disease are @entity3519 , @entity2003 , @entity8684 , pyramidal signs, and intellectual decline. Recent genetic studies mapped the disease to chromosome 20p12.3-p13, and identified mutations in the pantothenate kinase gene. This report describes a childhood onset case of @entity7929 with @entity716 . Former reports about the @entity146 comorbidity generally included @entity308 . METHOD: A single case report. RESULTS: A 14-year-old @entity1 with @entity7929 presented a @entity716 with @entity2167 . Symptoms were relieved after neuroleptic treatment. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first published report of the disease with @entity716 . The contribution of basal ganglia, with their wide projections, to the emergence of @entity716 was discussed.

title: Psychotic disorder in a case with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['prominent auditory hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive condition']

entities_list: @entity7929 :: ('MESH:D006211', 'Disease') :: ['Hallervorden-Spatz disease']

entities_list: @entity8684 :: ('MESH:D001264', 'Disease') :: ['choreoathetosis']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['schizophreniform psychotic symptoms', 'psychotic episode', 'psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity7929 :: (MESH:D006211,Disease) :: ['Hallervorden-Spatz disease']