abstract: BACKGROUND: Solid @entity5 (SPTs) are rare neoplasms of the pancreas. We describe the features of these small @entity5 identified on routine screening sonographic (US) examination and the potential value of using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) scanning. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed records from 17 @entity1 who had undergone screening via US examination at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2000 and June 2011. Each of these @entity1 had been confirmed by a pathologist to have an SPT. Six @entity1 had undergone CEUS prior to surgery. We recorded all features on both gray-scale US and CEUS. RESULTS: All @entity1 (4 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ; ages 23-35 years; mean age, 27.2 years) were initially screened by US. The largest mass identified was 5.0 cm in diameter (mean diameter, 4.2 cm), and most @entity5 showed homogeneous hypoechogenicity. A hyperechoic rim was detected in four masses. CEUS showed peripheral-rim hyperenhancement in the arterial phase of all six masses. CONCLUSIONS: Routine screening US examinations are capable of identifying small (<5.0 cm) SPTs. These screening examinations allow diagnosis on the basis of typical imaging features, such as a homogeneously hypoechoic mass with a hyperechoic rim. CEUS shows greater detail of the rim and cystic areas in the @entity5 , which significantly improves the proper diagnosis.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2014.

title: Solid XXXX of the pancreas: Findings from routine screening sonographic examination and the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pseudopapillary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pseudopapillary tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increased local skin temperature is a classic sign of @entity2737 , repetitive @entity130 , and deep @entity32 . Noncontact infrared thermometers can help to detect increases in skin surface temperatures; however, most scientifically tested devices are far too expensive for everyday wound care providers to use in routine clinical practice. This noninferiority study was conducted in an attempt to determine whether 4 less expensive, commercially available noncontact infrared thermometers have a similar level of accuracy as the scientifically accepted Exergen DermaTemp 1001 (Exergen Products, Watertown, Massachusetts). DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Using an observational study design, @entity1 with open wounds were randomly selected from a chronic wound clinic (n = 108). Demographic data and wound location were documented for all @entity1 . Skin temperatures were recorded using 5 noncontact infrared thermometers under consistent environmental conditions. The thermometer brands were as follows: Exergen DermaTemp, Mastercool MSC52224-A (Mastercool Inc, Randolph, New Jersey), ATD Tools 70001 Infrared Thermometer (ATD Tools Inc, Wentzville, Missouri), Mastercraft Digital Temperature Reader (Mastercraft Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada), and Pro Point Infrared Thermometer (Princess Auto, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada). Data analysis was based on the skin surface temperature difference (  T in degrees Fahrenheit) between the wound site and an equivalent contralateral control site. OUTCOME MEASURES: One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the mean   T values for all the 5 thermometers, followed by post hoc analysis. Demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interrater reliability was assessed for consistency using the intraclass correlation coefficient. MAIN RESULTS: No statistical difference was reported between the   T values for the 5 different thermometers (F4,514 = 0.339, P = .852). Post hoc analysis showed no significant difference when the thermometers were compared with the Exergen DermaTemp 1001, and Mastercool MSC52224-A (P = .987), ATD Tools 70001 Infrared Thermometer (P = .985), Mastercraft Digital Temperature Reader (P = .972), and Pro Point Infrared Thermometer (P = .774). The results for intraclass correlation demonstrated a high reliability and agreement between raters, as the intraclass correlation coefficient values for all thermometers were greater than 0.95. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate that less expensive, industrial-grade noncontact infrared thermometers have reliable temperature readings to identify and quantify the temperature gradients that along with other signs may be associated with deep and surrounding @entity2737 or tissue injury due to repeated microtrauma.

title: Validation of commercially available infrared thermometers for measuring skin surface temperature associated with deep and surrounding XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

answer: @entity2737 :: (MESH:D014946,Disease) :: ['wound infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study investigated whether established fibroproliferative changes in the irradiated @entity35 lung are histopathologically reduced by an adenovirus  -mediated soluble transforming growth factor (TGF)  - @entity8602 receptor. Replication  -defective adenoviral vectors expressing a type  II @entity1 @entity1810 receptor (AdTb  -ExR) were prepared. Male Fisher  -344 @entity35 were divided into the C, R and R  +  T groups. The @entity35 in the C group did not receive irradiation or treatment. The @entity35 in the R and R  +  T group each received 30  Gy irradiation to the right lung. Eight weeks following irradiation, the @entity35 in the R and R  +  T group were treated with saline or AdTb  -ExR, respectively. To analyze the @entity1810 expression, myofibroblast proliferation and macrophage/monocyte infiltration, sections of the lung were immunohistochemically stained at 16 weeks following irradiation. @entity575 staining was performed for semi  -quantitative evaluation of the fibroproliferative changes. Definitive @entity1810 expression, myofibroblast proliferation and macrophage/monocyte infiltration were observed in the lungs of the R group, but were significantly lower in the lungs of the R  +  T group. With respect to the fibroproliferative changes, the proportion of red  -stained areas in the R  +  T group was markedly lower than that in the R group. These data indicate that fibroproliferative changes induced by radiation are reversible and that @entity1810 has a critical role in fibroproliferative changes in the irradiated lung. The present results suggest that gene therapy with an adenoviral vector expressing a soluble @entity1810 receptor may be effective in reducing the established @entity3794 caused by radiation.

title: Reduction of fibroproliferative changes in irradiated XXXX lung with soluble transforming growth factor-b receptor.

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of thyrotropin (SITSH) is a hallmark of resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) due to mutations in the b isoform of the thyroid hormone receptor ( @entity11112 ). Here, we report on a family of RTH due to a @entity11112 mutation (RTHb) and presenting occasional SITSH. The proband was a 16 year-old @entity1 with a @entity5651 , detected at a school physical examination. She was initially diagnosed as having euthyroid @entity2621 because her thyroid function was normal with a positive anti-thyroglobulin antibody. Follow-up examinations resulted in mild SITSH on some occasions and euthyroid on the other occasions. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a normal pituitary gland. Because her mother also had mild SITSH, genetic analysis was performed and revealed a heterozygous point mutation in @entity11112 ( @entity71466 ). Previously, the @entity71466 had only been found in severe RTH cases with homozygous mutations or with an ectopic thyroid. Her mother with a heterozygous mutation showed variable RTH phenotype on T3 suppression testing. In conclusion, the prevalence of RTHb might be underestimated and occasional SITSH could also suggest RTHb. @entity11112 gene mutation is not always correlated with the RTH phenotype.

title: A family of RTHb with XXXX mutation presenting occasional syndrome of inappropriate secretion of TSH.

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto thyroiditis']

answer: @entity71466 :: (p|SUB|R|316|C,ProteinMutation) :: ['p.R316C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) have a pivotal role not only in abrogating @entity792 , but also in @entity5 immune escape. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the relative expression of forkhead/winged helix transcription factor ( @entity403 ) and micrometastasis in the regional lymph nodes (RLNs) of @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The RLNs in 131 @entity1 who underwent complete surgical resection for stage I @entity1149 were collected at the time of surgery. The relative expression levels of @entity403 and @entity4166 ( @entity4166 ) in RLNs were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: The pathological stage was diagnosed as stage IA in 97 @entity1 (74.0%) and stage IB in 34 @entity1 (26.0%). The relative expression levels of @entity403 and @entity4166 in the RLNs were 0.062  0.0083% and 0.025  0.056%, respectively. The relative expression of @entity403 tended to increase with increasing relative expression of @entity4166 . The five-year overall survival rate of the @entity1 with low expression of @entity403 was better (90.3%) than that of @entity1 with high expression (79.3%) (p=0.0419). A multivariate analysis using the significant variables (gender, age, histology and @entity403 expression) showed that the @entity403 expression in RLNs was a significant independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: The expression of @entity4166 tended to be positively correlated with the expression of @entity403 . High expression of @entity403 in RLNs was a significant unfavorable prognostic factor in @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 .

title: Regulatory T-Cells and Micrometastasis in Lymph Nodes of Stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: Naturally occurring @entity1290 are rare in animals. The Japanese strains of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) are normotensive at birth but develop @entity101 , hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia as they mature. The SHR strain is prone to develop @entity1290 . A unique sub-strain of SHR has been developed in which some animals develop @entity28 concomitantly with their rising blood pressure, i.e. Obese/SHR. The Obese/SHR characteristically develop microscopic @entity1290 which become detached at an early stage of formation, migrate to the bladder, and grow by concretion into huge, rounded calculi. The stone nidus starts as a subepithelial cyst-like focus containing @entity4 , @entity1503 suspended on a delicate network of fibrils. THe nidi grow by concretion of an admixture of @entity460 and acidic protein in a lamellar arrangement. The disparate morphogenesis and anatomic location of @entity1290 in Obese is opposed to @entity28 /SHR suggest that @entity1608 formation may be governed by specific differences in genetic programming. The incidence of @entity1290 parallels the severity and chronicity of the @entity101 in SHR, @entity28 and Obese/SHR, and the Cushingoid habitus in the Obese/SHR.

title: Kidney and bladder calculi in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic obesity', 'non-obese']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['colloidal acidic mucoprotein, and red and white blood cells']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Naturally occurring @entity1290 are rare in animals. The Japanese strains of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) are normotensive at birth but develop @entity101 , hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia as they mature. The SHR strain is prone to develop @entity1290 . A unique sub-strain of SHR has been developed in which some animals develop @entity28 concomitantly with their rising blood pressure, i.e. Obese/SHR. The Obese/SHR characteristically develop microscopic @entity1290 which become detached at an early stage of formation, migrate to the bladder, and grow by concretion into huge, rounded calculi. The stone nidus starts as a subepithelial cyst-like focus containing @entity4 , @entity1503 suspended on a delicate network of fibrils. THe nidi grow by concretion of an admixture of @entity460 and acidic protein in a lamellar arrangement. The disparate morphogenesis and anatomic location of @entity1290 in Obese is opposed to @entity28 /SHR suggest that @entity1608 formation may be governed by specific differences in genetic programming. The incidence of @entity1290 parallels the severity and chronicity of the @entity101 in SHR, @entity28 and Obese/SHR, and the Cushingoid habitus in the Obese/SHR.

title: Kidney and bladder calculi in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Platelet-associated IgG (PA IgG) of washed platelets of 20 normal controls and 45 @entity882 @entity1 was measured by radioimmunoassay and related to total platelet protein content. Mean values (+/- 2 SD) for 20 normals were 4.4 +/- 3.5 fg IgG per platelet (fg IgG/pl), 2.1 +/= 1.0 pg protein per platelet (pg protein/pl) and a ratio of IgG per g platelet protein of 2.1 +/- 1.8 mg IgG/g protein. @entity1 could be divided into two groups: Group I (31) with normal IgG/g protein ratios and either normal (16) or raised (15) fg IgG/pl, and Group II (14) with both fg IgG/pl and IgG/g protein raised. Of the 21 @entity1 with @entity882 ( @entity882 ), 13 were in Group I (seven with raised and six with normal fg IgG/pl), and eight in Group II. There was significant correlation between PA IgG (fg IgG/pl) and platelet protein for the entire Group I (r = 0.95, P less than 0.001). The @entity882 @entity1 in this group showed a similar correlation (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001), suggesting that raised PA IgG levels in Group I @entity1 may be a result of protein-rich platelets. 60-90% of PA IgG was found in the soluble fraction of lysates of platelets from both normals and @entity1 . Thus, it is either non-specifically associated with platelets or is antibody directed towards easily solubilized platelet antigens. Nine @entity882 @entity1 without @entity1200 had raised PA IgG. These results question the assumption that raised PA IgG always indicates specific antiplatelet antibody.

title: Relationship of raised platelet IgG in XXXX to total platelet protein content.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune disorders']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'thrombocytopenic', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current manufacturing of most bulk chemicals through petrochemical routes considerably contributes to common concerns over the depletion of fossil @entity505 sources and greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable future production of commodities thus requires the shift to renewable feedstocks in combination with established or newly developed synthesis routes. In this study, the potential of @entity28258 for autotrophic synthesis of the building block chemical @entity71467 (2-HIBA) is evaluated. A novel biosynthetic pathway was implemented by heterologous expression of the 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-coenzyme A (2-HIB-CoA) mutase from Aquincola tertiaricarbonis L108, relying on a main intermediate of strain @entity28258 's C4 overflow metabolism, @entity29708 . The intention was to direct the latter to 2-HIBA instead or in addition to @entity13099 ( @entity13100 ). Autotrophic growth and 2-HIBA (respectively, @entity13100 ) synthesis of wild-type and @entity13100 -negative mutant strains were investigated producing maximum 2-HIBA titers of 3.2  g  L(-1) and maximum specific 2-HIBA synthesis rates (q 2-HIBA) of about 16 and 175   mol  g(-1)  h(-1), respectively. The obtained specific productivity was the highest reported to date for mutase-dependent 2-HIBA synthesis from heterotrophic and autotrophic substrates. Furthermore, expression of a G protein chaperone (MeaH) in addition to the 2-HIB-CoA mutase subunits yielded improved productivity. Analyzing the inhibition of growth and product synthesis due to substrate availability and product accumulation revealed a strong influence of 2-HIBA, when cells were cultivated at high titers. Nevertheless, the presented results imply that at the time the autotrophic synthesis route is superior to thus far established heterotrophic routes for production of 2-HIBA with @entity18394 .

title: Exploiting mixtures of H2, CO 2, and O 2 for improved production of methacrylate precursor XXXX by engineered @entity18394 strains.

entities_list: @entity13099 :: ('MESH:C003182', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-3-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity71467 :: ('MESH:C008039', 'Chemical') :: ['2-hydroxyisobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity29708 :: ('MESH:C030372', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA']

answer: @entity71467 :: (MESH:C008039,Chemical) :: ['2-hydroxyisobutyric acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current manufacturing of most bulk chemicals through petrochemical routes considerably contributes to common concerns over the depletion of fossil @entity505 sources and greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable future production of commodities thus requires the shift to renewable feedstocks in combination with established or newly developed synthesis routes. In this study, the potential of @entity28258 for autotrophic synthesis of the building block chemical @entity71467 (2-HIBA) is evaluated. A novel biosynthetic pathway was implemented by heterologous expression of the 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-coenzyme A (2-HIB-CoA) mutase from Aquincola tertiaricarbonis L108, relying on a main intermediate of strain @entity28258 's C4 overflow metabolism, @entity29708 . The intention was to direct the latter to 2-HIBA instead or in addition to @entity13099 ( @entity13100 ). Autotrophic growth and 2-HIBA (respectively, @entity13100 ) synthesis of wild-type and @entity13100 -negative mutant strains were investigated producing maximum 2-HIBA titers of 3.2  g  L(-1) and maximum specific 2-HIBA synthesis rates (q 2-HIBA) of about 16 and 175   mol  g(-1)  h(-1), respectively. The obtained specific productivity was the highest reported to date for mutase-dependent 2-HIBA synthesis from heterotrophic and autotrophic substrates. Furthermore, expression of a G protein chaperone (MeaH) in addition to the 2-HIB-CoA mutase subunits yielded improved productivity. Analyzing the inhibition of growth and product synthesis due to substrate availability and product accumulation revealed a strong influence of 2-HIBA, when cells were cultivated at high titers. Nevertheless, the presented results imply that at the time the autotrophic synthesis route is superior to thus far established heterotrophic routes for production of 2-HIBA with @entity18394 .

title: Exploiting mixtures of H2, CO 2, and O 2 for improved production of methacrylate precursor @entity71467 by engineered XXXX strains.

answer: @entity18394 :: (106590,Species) :: ['Cupriavidus necator']


abstract: There is renewed interest in the origin and makeup of @entity71468 nodules (FMNs), long known to soil mineralogists as unusual secondary minerals. However, new evidence suggests that microorganisms play a significant role in the generation of FMNs. The biogenic origin of nodules has remained elusive because until recently, little has been known about the overall microbial community structure in their microbiota. To learn more about the microbial community and to determine the relative abundance, diversity, and composition of the microbial communities present in FMNs and their surrounding soil, we used pyrosequencing to investigate 16S rRNA genes obtained from vertical soil profiles of both paddy fields and sugarcane fields. Using pyrotaq 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we show that the microbial phylogenetic diversity of nodules was higher than those reported in previous studies of this biosphere, and we identified many previously unidentified microorganisms. Here, we show that the microbial community of these nodules is dominated by Burkholderiales, Rhodocyclales, Acidobacteriales, Desulfuromonales, and Clostridiales, and there were no statistically significant differences found when comparing the microbial community structures of FMNs obtained from vertical soil sequences. Although the microbial composition was markedly different between the surrounding soil and the FMNs, the microbes found within the FMNs were very similar to other FMNs from both field types examined here. In addition to their geochemical properties and the microbial community composition of FMNs, we found that the levels of @entity68 (Fe), @entity921 (Mn), and @entity3758 greatly impact the microbial diversity among @entity21890 communities. Our results indicate that the @entity21890 microbial communities from different land-use types are very similar and suggest that natural selection of these microbes is based on the oligotrophic conditions and the high metal content. Researching FMNs in these two land-use patterns, which represent two different redox potentials, deepens our understanding of Fe-Mn biogeochemical cycling in these oligotrophic biospheres and suggests a biogenetical origin for these nodules.

title: Pyrosequencing revealed highly microbial phylogenetic diversity in XXXX nodules from farmland.

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity71468 :: ('MESH:C083456', 'Chemical') :: ['ferromanganese']

answer: @entity71468 :: (MESH:C083456,Chemical) :: ['ferromanganese']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is essential that @entity1 with @entity302 receive educational information about their disease and its management, but there is dissatisfaction with the education received. The purposes of this evidence-based project were to examine the current knowledge level and disease management behaviors of @entity1 with @entity302 in an outpatient clinic and to measure the effectiveness of implementing a self-management protocol using the @entity302 Self-Management Scale (ESMS). Pender's health promotion model and Rogers' diffusion of innovation theory were used to guide the development and completion of this project. An evidence-based @entity302 self-management protocol was developed and implemented at an outpatient neurology clinic by an interprofessional clinic team that consisted of (a) evaluation of self-management behaviors (ESMS), (b) individual education using the ESMS and developed resources, (c) follow-up telephone call, and (d) measurement of outcomes of the self-management protocol ( @entity1 self-management [ESMS] and process). Twenty @entity1 participated in all or portions of the protocol. Scores on the ESMS increased from preimplementation to postimplementation of the protocol (t = -2.67). @entity410 management and information management were identified as the most difficult self-management areas. Recommended changes in protocol implementation include adding information about safety measures such as medical alert bracelets and driving to the educational packets. Follow-up telephone calls were discontinued because of difficulties reaching @entity1 . The results of this study suggest that the ESMS is an acceptable tool for evaluating @entity1 ' self-management behaviors. @entity302 self-management protocols need to include both verbal and written educational materials. Educating @entity1 with @entity302 about positive self-management behaviors may lead to better health outcomes.

title: Implementation of an XXXX Self-Management Protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Various chemotherapeutic agents used in @entity1 with @entity1583 cause serious side effects, including myelosuppression and immunosuppression. Immunosuppression makes @entity1 more susceptible to @entity281 , resulting in an increased risk of @entity166 , including the development of severe @entity295 that may be life-threatening. It is necessary for dental staff to be familiar with an appropriate protocol in such cases and to share information about the chemotherapy with a hematologist. To verify the effectiveness of our dental intervention protocol, we conducted a prospective study on the incidence of complications for each myelosuppressive grade of chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1583 . We compared the incidence of complications between treatment P ( @entity1 who finished all the dental treatments according to the protocol) and treatment Q ( @entity1 who did not) per grade (A, B, C, D) and incidence of systemic or oral findings. We also compared the incidence of oral complication related to the residual teeth between first chemo ( @entity1 who were undergoing chemotherapy for the first time) and prior chemo (not the first time). There were significant differences in inflammatory complications between treatment P and treatment Q. We found that both systemic and oral inflammatory complications increased with higher-grade myelosuppressive chemotherapy. Additionally, there was a significant difference between the incidence of oral complications related to the residual teeth between first chemo and prior chemo. Complete implementation of the dental intervention protocol was associated with fewer oral and systemic @entity166 and inflammatory complications in @entity1 with @entity1583 undergoing chemotherapy. The incidence of @entity149 also increased with grade of chemotherapy. These results support the validity of our dental intervention protocol. We should pay close attention to the oral state of de novo @entity1583 @entity1 .

title: Prospective Study of Dental Intervention for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['oral and systemic complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic malignancies', 'hematopoietic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications', 'infectious']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['Hematopoietic Malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the prevalence of @entity387 ( @entity387 ) across @entity385 subtypes. Given the important implications for @entity387 screening, we tested the association between @entity387 and @entity385 subtype in a population-based study. METHODS: Within the @entity75 in Corpus Christi Project, @entity385 @entity1 were offered @entity387 screening with the ApneaLink Plus (n  =  355). A neurologist assigned Trial of the @entity10269 in Acute @entity64 Treatment subtype (with an additional category for nonlacunar @entity1188 of unknown etiology) using hospital records. Unadjusted and adjusted (demographics, body mass index, National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale, @entity6 , history of @entity64 /transient @entity63 attack) logistic and linear regression models were used to test the association between subtype and @entity387 or @entity386 - @entity387 index (AHI). RESULTS: Median age was 65%, and 55% were @entity1 ; 59% were Mexican American. Median time from @entity64 onset to @entity387 screen was 13  days (interquartile range [IQR] 6, 21). Overall, 215 (61%) had @entity387 (AHI >=  10). Median AHI was 13 (IQR 6, 27). Prevalence of @entity387 by subtype was cardioembolism, 66%; large-artery @entity731 , 57%; small-vessel occlusion, 68%; other determined, 50%; undetermined etiology, 58%; and nonlacunar @entity64 of unknown etiology, 63%. @entity385 subtype was not associated with @entity387 in unadjusted (P  =  .72) or adjusted models (P  =  .91) models. @entity385 subtype was not associated with AHI in unadjusted (P  =  .41) or adjusted models (P  =  .62). CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based @entity64 surveillance study, @entity385 subtype was not associated with the presence or severity of @entity387 . @entity25 @entity1353 is likely to be present after @entity385 , and the subtype should not influence decisions about @entity387 screening.

title: @entity385 Subtype and Presence of XXXX Breathing: The BASIC Sleep Apnea Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing', 'hypopnea', 'SDB']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Attack Surveillance']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep-disordered']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['Sleep-Disordered']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the prevalence of @entity387 ( @entity387 ) across @entity385 subtypes. Given the important implications for @entity387 screening, we tested the association between @entity387 and @entity385 subtype in a population-based study. METHODS: Within the @entity75 in Corpus Christi Project, @entity385 @entity1 were offered @entity387 screening with the ApneaLink Plus (n  =  355). A neurologist assigned Trial of the @entity10269 in Acute @entity64 Treatment subtype (with an additional category for nonlacunar @entity1188 of unknown etiology) using hospital records. Unadjusted and adjusted (demographics, body mass index, National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale, @entity6 , history of @entity64 /transient @entity63 attack) logistic and linear regression models were used to test the association between subtype and @entity387 or @entity386 - @entity387 index (AHI). RESULTS: Median age was 65%, and 55% were @entity1 ; 59% were Mexican American. Median time from @entity64 onset to @entity387 screen was 13  days (interquartile range [IQR] 6, 21). Overall, 215 (61%) had @entity387 (AHI >=  10). Median AHI was 13 (IQR 6, 27). Prevalence of @entity387 by subtype was cardioembolism, 66%; large-artery @entity731 , 57%; small-vessel occlusion, 68%; other determined, 50%; undetermined etiology, 58%; and nonlacunar @entity64 of unknown etiology, 63%. @entity385 subtype was not associated with @entity387 in unadjusted (P  =  .72) or adjusted models (P  =  .91) models. @entity385 subtype was not associated with AHI in unadjusted (P  =  .41) or adjusted models (P  =  .62). CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based @entity64 surveillance study, @entity385 subtype was not associated with the presence or severity of @entity387 . @entity25 @entity1353 is likely to be present after @entity385 , and the subtype should not influence decisions about @entity387 screening.

title: XXXX Subtype and Presence of @entity25 Breathing: The BASIC Sleep Apnea Study.

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: Haemodynamic investigations were performed in 40 @entity1 with acute @entity583 before and after intravenous application of 6 mg @entity1169 . Cardiac index was significantly decreased caused by reduction of cardiac frequency and @entity64 volume. Pulmonary capillary pressure increased significantly. As a consequence pulmonary and peripheral vascular resistance increased. Arterial blood pressure remained largely unaffected. @entity1169 showed a haemodynamically beneficial decrease of left @entity64 without signs of negative cardiodepression at a cardiac index of more than 3.0 l/min . m2. At a cardiac index of less than 3.0 l/min . m2 a haemodynamically detrimental lowering of cardiac index to ranges of insufficiency of 2.0 l/min . m2 on average occurred. Thus cardiac index is an important factor for the decision of use of beta-blocking agents in acute @entity583 . Indiscriminate use of beta-blocking substances should not be accepted.

title: [Risks of treatment with beta-blocking agents in acute XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke work', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Excitation of @entity934 -mediated (Ach) transmission (especially if irreversible) may pose life-threatening adverse events by increasing neuronal network activity. Unfortunately, adequate detection of this liability during early drug development is hampered, because published ex vivo electrophysiological models are very insensitive to this regard. For example, @entity2607 , which reversibly inhibits @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) in the double digit nM range, affects electrically evoked potentials in hippocampal slices only at >= 10 M. Here, a significantly more sensitive method for detecting @entity1617 -mediated alternations is presented by analyzing spontaneous neuronal network activity in hippocampal slices. METHODS: The microelectrode array (MEA) technique with an 8*8 electrode grid was applied to analyze evoked and spontaneous extracellular field recordings in parallel from acute @entity35 hippocampal slices. For evoked potentials, the Schaffer collateral @entity20052 pathway was electrically stimulated and the resulting field potential analyzed at the @entity1249 pyramidal layer. Spontaneous spike activity was detected as negative inflections from the 100Hz high pass filtered signal. Spike frequency was analyzed within the whole @entity1249 region. RESULTS: Modification of Ach-mediated neuronal transmission via @entity5402 , @entity2607 , or @entity8161 ( @entity8161 ) does not induce any effects on evoked field potentials at physiologically relevant concentrations. Similar to previous reports, subtle effects were detectable at very high concentrations. By contrast, spontaneous spike frequency was already increased within the expected concentration range. @entity2607 -induced effects can also be reversed by @entity3897 and washout. On the contrary, effects by the irreversible @entity4833 -blocker DFP could not be washed out. DISCUSSION: Compared to evoked field potentials, spontaneous spike activity in the hippocampal @entity1249 region appears to be a significantly more sensitive parameter for functional electrophysiological analysis of drug induced Ach-mediated effects. This finding may supplement existing models for detection and prediction of drug-related adverse effects like @entity410 liability already during early development stages.

title: Analysis of spontaneous hippocampal activity allows sensitive detection of XXXX -mediated effects.

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase', 'AchE']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity8161 :: ('MESH:D007531', 'Chemical') :: ['Diisopropylfluorophosphate', 'DFP']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: In an analysis of 12 @entity1 fibroblast cell lines by two-dimensional electrophoresis, one cell line (1493) was found to contain a major protein variant (Cytosk: 12; for the convention used in spot numbering, see Anderson, N. L. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 78, 2407-2411) not present in any of the other 11 cell lines. Biochemical characterization of the variant protein included determination of its subcellular location, partial @entity535 composition, behavior on @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) versus @entity214 / @entity1133 gels, and partial proteolytic digestion patterns. All of these methods showed that Cytosk:12 is related to Cytosk:11. Both proteins are located in the cytoskeleton, contain little @entity462 or @entity1521 and no detectable @entity2340 , shift together to a higher apparent molecular weight when electrophoresed in the presence of @entity214 and 8 M @entity1133 versus @entity214 alone, and have identical products after partial proteolysis according to Cleveland et al. (Cleveland, D. W., Fischer, S. G., Kirschner, M. W., and Laemmli, U. K. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1102-1106). Preparation of nonmuscle tropomyosin resulted in the partial purification of both Cytosk:11 and :12. The data suggest that Cytosk:11 is fibroblast nonmuscle tropomyosin and that Cytosk:12 in cell line 1493 is a charge variant of that protein.

title: A variant of XXXX nonmuscle tropomyosin found in fibroblasts by using two-dimensional electrophoresis.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective study was undertaken to assess @entity137 , resectability, and survival in @entity788 @entity1 presenting with locally advanced, unresectable disease treated with neoadjuvant @entity136 , @entity1205 , and @entity416 (GTX) and @entity136 and @entity416 (GX)/radiation therapy ( @entity1161 ). METHODS: All @entity1 presenting to the Pancreas Center were evaluated for eligibility. Forty-five @entity1 (mean age, 64 years; range, 44-83 years)-34 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of arterial involvement and 11 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of extensive venous involvement-were treated with 6 cycles of GTX. Those with arterial involvement were treated with GX/ @entity1161 after chemotherapy. RESULTS: The GTX and GX/ @entity1161 treatments were tolerated with the expected drug-related @entity137 . There were no bowel perforations, cases of @entity788 , or delayed strictures. Among those with arterial involvement, 29 underwent subsequent resection, with 20 (69%) achieving R0 resections. All 11 @entity1 with venous-only involvement underwent resection, with 8 achieving R0 resections and 3 achieving complete pathologic responses. For the arterial arm, the 1-year survival rate was 71% (24 of 34 @entity1 ), and the median survival was 29 months (95% confidence interval, 21-38 months). Thirteen @entity1 (38%) have not relapsed (range, 5-49+ months). For the venous arm, the median survival has not been reached at more than 42 months. Six @entity1 (55%) in the venous arm did not experience recurrence (range, 6.2-42+ months). CONCLUSIONS: GTX plus GX/ @entity1161 is an effective neoadjuvant regimen that can be safely administered to @entity1 up to at least the age of 83 years. It is associated with a high response rate, a high rate of R0 resections, and prolonged overall survival. @entity5 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Neoadjuvant @entity136 , @entity1205 , and @entity416 followed by @entity136 and @entity416 @entity1161 and surgery in locally advanced, unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective study was undertaken to assess @entity137 , resectability, and survival in @entity788 @entity1 presenting with locally advanced, unresectable disease treated with neoadjuvant @entity136 , @entity1205 , and @entity416 (GTX) and @entity136 and @entity416 (GX)/radiation therapy ( @entity1161 ). METHODS: All @entity1 presenting to the Pancreas Center were evaluated for eligibility. Forty-five @entity1 (mean age, 64 years; range, 44-83 years)-34 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of arterial involvement and 11 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of extensive venous involvement-were treated with 6 cycles of GTX. Those with arterial involvement were treated with GX/ @entity1161 after chemotherapy. RESULTS: The GTX and GX/ @entity1161 treatments were tolerated with the expected drug-related @entity137 . There were no bowel perforations, cases of @entity788 , or delayed strictures. Among those with arterial involvement, 29 underwent subsequent resection, with 20 (69%) achieving R0 resections. All 11 @entity1 with venous-only involvement underwent resection, with 8 achieving R0 resections and 3 achieving complete pathologic responses. For the arterial arm, the 1-year survival rate was 71% (24 of 34 @entity1 ), and the median survival was 29 months (95% confidence interval, 21-38 months). Thirteen @entity1 (38%) have not relapsed (range, 5-49+ months). For the venous arm, the median survival has not been reached at more than 42 months. Six @entity1 (55%) in the venous arm did not experience recurrence (range, 6.2-42+ months). CONCLUSIONS: GTX plus GX/ @entity1161 is an effective neoadjuvant regimen that can be safely administered to @entity1 up to at least the age of 83 years. It is associated with a high response rate, a high rate of R0 resections, and prolonged overall survival. @entity5 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Neoadjuvant XXXX , @entity1205 , and @entity416 followed by @entity136 and @entity416 @entity1161 and surgery in locally advanced, unresectable @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective study was undertaken to assess @entity137 , resectability, and survival in @entity788 @entity1 presenting with locally advanced, unresectable disease treated with neoadjuvant @entity136 , @entity1205 , and @entity416 (GTX) and @entity136 and @entity416 (GX)/radiation therapy ( @entity1161 ). METHODS: All @entity1 presenting to the Pancreas Center were evaluated for eligibility. Forty-five @entity1 (mean age, 64 years; range, 44-83 years)-34 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of arterial involvement and 11 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of extensive venous involvement-were treated with 6 cycles of GTX. Those with arterial involvement were treated with GX/ @entity1161 after chemotherapy. RESULTS: The GTX and GX/ @entity1161 treatments were tolerated with the expected drug-related @entity137 . There were no bowel perforations, cases of @entity788 , or delayed strictures. Among those with arterial involvement, 29 underwent subsequent resection, with 20 (69%) achieving R0 resections. All 11 @entity1 with venous-only involvement underwent resection, with 8 achieving R0 resections and 3 achieving complete pathologic responses. For the arterial arm, the 1-year survival rate was 71% (24 of 34 @entity1 ), and the median survival was 29 months (95% confidence interval, 21-38 months). Thirteen @entity1 (38%) have not relapsed (range, 5-49+ months). For the venous arm, the median survival has not been reached at more than 42 months. Six @entity1 (55%) in the venous arm did not experience recurrence (range, 6.2-42+ months). CONCLUSIONS: GTX plus GX/ @entity1161 is an effective neoadjuvant regimen that can be safely administered to @entity1 up to at least the age of 83 years. It is associated with a high response rate, a high rate of R0 resections, and prolonged overall survival. @entity5 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Neoadjuvant @entity136 , @entity1205 , and @entity416 followed by XXXX and @entity416 @entity1161 and surgery in locally advanced, unresectable @entity788 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective study was undertaken to assess @entity137 , resectability, and survival in @entity788 @entity1 presenting with locally advanced, unresectable disease treated with neoadjuvant @entity136 , @entity1205 , and @entity416 (GTX) and @entity136 and @entity416 (GX)/radiation therapy ( @entity1161 ). METHODS: All @entity1 presenting to the Pancreas Center were evaluated for eligibility. Forty-five @entity1 (mean age, 64 years; range, 44-83 years)-34 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of arterial involvement and 11 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of extensive venous involvement-were treated with 6 cycles of GTX. Those with arterial involvement were treated with GX/ @entity1161 after chemotherapy. RESULTS: The GTX and GX/ @entity1161 treatments were tolerated with the expected drug-related @entity137 . There were no bowel perforations, cases of @entity788 , or delayed strictures. Among those with arterial involvement, 29 underwent subsequent resection, with 20 (69%) achieving R0 resections. All 11 @entity1 with venous-only involvement underwent resection, with 8 achieving R0 resections and 3 achieving complete pathologic responses. For the arterial arm, the 1-year survival rate was 71% (24 of 34 @entity1 ), and the median survival was 29 months (95% confidence interval, 21-38 months). Thirteen @entity1 (38%) have not relapsed (range, 5-49+ months). For the venous arm, the median survival has not been reached at more than 42 months. Six @entity1 (55%) in the venous arm did not experience recurrence (range, 6.2-42+ months). CONCLUSIONS: GTX plus GX/ @entity1161 is an effective neoadjuvant regimen that can be safely administered to @entity1 up to at least the age of 83 years. It is associated with a high response rate, a high rate of R0 resections, and prolonged overall survival. @entity5 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Neoadjuvant @entity136 , @entity1205 , and XXXX followed by @entity136 and @entity416 @entity1161 and surgery in locally advanced, unresectable @entity788 .

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective study was undertaken to assess @entity137 , resectability, and survival in @entity788 @entity1 presenting with locally advanced, unresectable disease treated with neoadjuvant @entity136 , @entity1205 , and @entity416 (GTX) and @entity136 and @entity416 (GX)/radiation therapy ( @entity1161 ). METHODS: All @entity1 presenting to the Pancreas Center were evaluated for eligibility. Forty-five @entity1 (mean age, 64 years; range, 44-83 years)-34 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of arterial involvement and 11 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of extensive venous involvement-were treated with 6 cycles of GTX. Those with arterial involvement were treated with GX/ @entity1161 after chemotherapy. RESULTS: The GTX and GX/ @entity1161 treatments were tolerated with the expected drug-related @entity137 . There were no bowel perforations, cases of @entity788 , or delayed strictures. Among those with arterial involvement, 29 underwent subsequent resection, with 20 (69%) achieving R0 resections. All 11 @entity1 with venous-only involvement underwent resection, with 8 achieving R0 resections and 3 achieving complete pathologic responses. For the arterial arm, the 1-year survival rate was 71% (24 of 34 @entity1 ), and the median survival was 29 months (95% confidence interval, 21-38 months). Thirteen @entity1 (38%) have not relapsed (range, 5-49+ months). For the venous arm, the median survival has not been reached at more than 42 months. Six @entity1 (55%) in the venous arm did not experience recurrence (range, 6.2-42+ months). CONCLUSIONS: GTX plus GX/ @entity1161 is an effective neoadjuvant regimen that can be safely administered to @entity1 up to at least the age of 83 years. It is associated with a high response rate, a high rate of R0 resections, and prolonged overall survival. @entity5 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Neoadjuvant @entity136 , @entity1205 , and @entity416 followed by @entity136 and XXXX @entity1161 and surgery in locally advanced, unresectable @entity788 .

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective study was undertaken to assess @entity137 , resectability, and survival in @entity788 @entity1 presenting with locally advanced, unresectable disease treated with neoadjuvant @entity136 , @entity1205 , and @entity416 (GTX) and @entity136 and @entity416 (GX)/radiation therapy ( @entity1161 ). METHODS: All @entity1 presenting to the Pancreas Center were evaluated for eligibility. Forty-five @entity1 (mean age, 64 years; range, 44-83 years)-34 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of arterial involvement and 11 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of extensive venous involvement-were treated with 6 cycles of GTX. Those with arterial involvement were treated with GX/ @entity1161 after chemotherapy. RESULTS: The GTX and GX/ @entity1161 treatments were tolerated with the expected drug-related @entity137 . There were no bowel perforations, cases of @entity788 , or delayed strictures. Among those with arterial involvement, 29 underwent subsequent resection, with 20 (69%) achieving R0 resections. All 11 @entity1 with venous-only involvement underwent resection, with 8 achieving R0 resections and 3 achieving complete pathologic responses. For the arterial arm, the 1-year survival rate was 71% (24 of 34 @entity1 ), and the median survival was 29 months (95% confidence interval, 21-38 months). Thirteen @entity1 (38%) have not relapsed (range, 5-49+ months). For the venous arm, the median survival has not been reached at more than 42 months. Six @entity1 (55%) in the venous arm did not experience recurrence (range, 6.2-42+ months). CONCLUSIONS: GTX plus GX/ @entity1161 is an effective neoadjuvant regimen that can be safely administered to @entity1 up to at least the age of 83 years. It is associated with a high response rate, a high rate of R0 resections, and prolonged overall survival. @entity5 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Neoadjuvant @entity136 , XXXX , and @entity416 followed by @entity136 and @entity416 @entity1161 and surgery in locally advanced, unresectable @entity788 .

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective study was undertaken to assess @entity137 , resectability, and survival in @entity788 @entity1 presenting with locally advanced, unresectable disease treated with neoadjuvant @entity136 , @entity1205 , and @entity416 (GTX) and @entity136 and @entity416 (GX)/radiation therapy ( @entity1161 ). METHODS: All @entity1 presenting to the Pancreas Center were evaluated for eligibility. Forty-five @entity1 (mean age, 64 years; range, 44-83 years)-34 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of arterial involvement and 11 @entity1 deemed unresectable because of extensive venous involvement-were treated with 6 cycles of GTX. Those with arterial involvement were treated with GX/ @entity1161 after chemotherapy. RESULTS: The GTX and GX/ @entity1161 treatments were tolerated with the expected drug-related @entity137 . There were no bowel perforations, cases of @entity788 , or delayed strictures. Among those with arterial involvement, 29 underwent subsequent resection, with 20 (69%) achieving R0 resections. All 11 @entity1 with venous-only involvement underwent resection, with 8 achieving R0 resections and 3 achieving complete pathologic responses. For the arterial arm, the 1-year survival rate was 71% (24 of 34 @entity1 ), and the median survival was 29 months (95% confidence interval, 21-38 months). Thirteen @entity1 (38%) have not relapsed (range, 5-49+ months). For the venous arm, the median survival has not been reached at more than 42 months. Six @entity1 (55%) in the venous arm did not experience recurrence (range, 6.2-42+ months). CONCLUSIONS: GTX plus GX/ @entity1161 is an effective neoadjuvant regimen that can be safely administered to @entity1 up to at least the age of 83 years. It is associated with a high response rate, a high rate of R0 resections, and prolonged overall survival. @entity5 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Neoadjuvant @entity136 , @entity1205 , and @entity416 followed by @entity136 and @entity416 XXXX and surgery in locally advanced, unresectable @entity788 .

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['/radiation therapy']


abstract: Phosphate chemical conversion (PCC) technology has been investigated for improving the surface performance of metallic implants in the biomedical field over the last decade. The metallic materials, such as @entity1760 and its alloys, @entity702 , pure @entity68 and stainless steel are widely used as orthopedic devices for immobilization of @entity174 in clinic. They were previously studied as metal substrates for @entity8038 aiming to modify their biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. @entity219 , @entity460 and zinc-calcium PCC coatings are frequently utilized considering their nature and the end-use. Although @entity8038 has been confirmed to potentially improve the bio-performance of metallic implants in vitro and in vivo by many researchers, there are no unified standards or regulations to give quantitative appraisal of its quality and property. As such, an overview of several main @entity1391 phases together with their properties and behaviors in vitro and in vivo was conducted. The mechanism of phosphating was also briefly discussed. Critical qualities of @entity8038 used for biomedical application including corrosion resistance, wettability and bonding strength were analyzed separately. Biological response including in vitro cell investigations and in vivo tissue response were discussed in terms of the cytocompatibility and bioactivity of @entity8038 . Further investigations are proposed to develop appropriate performance evaluation measurements by combining conventional technologies and biomedical procedures.

title: XXXX chemical conversion coatings on metallic substrates for biomedical application: A review.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ['PCC coating']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['Phosphate']


abstract: Objective Chro @entity3179 common, intractable and often recurrent, but care tends to be wound focused, potentially overlooking the significant impact the condition has on pati @entity1 ves. A systematic review was undertaken to explore the factors that impact on the quality of life of pati @entity1 h chronic venous leg ulce @entity1066  Method Eligible articles published between 1990 and 2013 were identified via electronic searches of research databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, BNI, EMBASE, PsycINFO, AMED and HMIC, Cochrane Collaboration database and Google Scholar).     Results There were 23 studies (11 qualitative and 12 quantitative) that met the inclusion criteria. There were then the subject of a full review. The qualitative studies were collapsed into four core themes: physical, psyc @entity6100 the nurse-pati @entity1 ationship. The quantitative studies were grouped according to the tool applied. The review demonstrated that chronic veno @entity3179 act negatively upon all areas of daily living. Pain @entity158 udate, odour and the impact on mobility were daily challenges. The ability to engage with everyday functioning was restricted either owing to the ulce @entity1066 e dressing or to a self-imposed isolation in response to the impact of symptoms. Depr @entity308 low mood were common and yet, despite this, some studies reported that part @entity1 ained hopeful.     Conclusion Studies suggest that chronic venous leg ulce @entity1066 atively affects the quality of life of the pati @entity1 that such issues receive inadequate attention during current consultations. If such negative implications are to be effectively addressed, key issues need to be considered during every consultation.     Declaration of interest This study was funded by West Midlands Strategic Health Authority. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

title: The impact of chronic XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['psychological, social implications']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic venous leg ulcers', 'venous leg ulcers']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: PURPOSE: Initial successful surgical treatment of @entity977 is crucial to reach long-term remission. @entity3194  (ICG) videoangiography (VA) is well established in vascular neurosurgery nowadays and several reports described ICG application in @entity1313 surgery. We designed this study to evaluate the feasibility of intravenous application of ICG and visualisation of a @entity4611 via the fluorescence mode of the operation microscope. METHODS: 22 @entity1 with @entity977 were treated with transsphenoidal microsurgery and were included in this study. Intraoperatively 25  mg ICG was administered intravenously and visualized via the fluorescence mode of the operation microscope (Pentero/Zeiss). RESULTS: 22 @entity1 qualified for transsphenoidal surgery presenting with different clinical symptoms (13 @entity1 with @entity2012 , 6 with M. Cushing and 3 with other symptoms like @entity227 or @entity1296 ) and identification of a @entity4611 (21 of 22 @entity1 ) in preoperative MR-imaging (mean diameter: 9  mm; SD 3.6; 6 macroadenomas, 15 microadenomas, 1 MR-negative). In all 22 @entity1 ICG  VA was performed during surgery. No technical failures or adverse events after drug administration occurred. Visualization was optimal approximately 2.4  min after intravenous application. In all @entity1 the @entity652 could be detected via two different types of visualization: direct visualization by fluorophore emission versus indirect detection of the @entity652 by a lower ICG  fluorescence compared to the surrounding tissue. CONCLUSION: Our data show that intraoperative ICG VA  can be a useful and easily applicable additional diagnostic tool for visualization of pituitary lesions using the microscopic approach.

title: Intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography for identification of XXXX using a microscopic transsphenoidal approach.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vision disorder']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['Indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary lesion']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity1 , @entity4145 ( @entity4145 ) is mostly caused by intrinsic factors (IUPJO); extrinsic @entity4145 are rare and often due to crossing vessels (CVs). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all data of @entity1 with @entity4145 that underwent surgery in our institution from 2004 to 2011. Analyses included age at surgery, gender, preoperative and postoperative results of ultrasound and renal scans [differential renal function (DRF); signs of obstruction], and pathology reports. Available histological specimens of cases with CV were compared to a random selection of intrinsic cases in a blinded fashion. After additional Masson's trichrome staining, the specimens were scored for @entity82 , muscular @entity1184 , and @entity32 . RESULTS: Out of 139 @entity1 with @entity4145 , 39 cases were associated with CV. Median age at surgery was 68  months (range 2-194) in the CV group and 11.5  months (range 0-188) in IUPJO group. Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty (LDMP) was carried out in 134 and open DMP in five @entity1 . Preoperative ultrasound identified 28/39 cases with CV. DRF below 40  % was more frequently seen in CV @entity1 (p  =  0.020). Histological analyses revealed no differences between the CV and IUPJO specimens in total. CV @entity1 with higher grades of muscular @entity1184 had lower preoperative DRF, compared to those with higher preoperative DRF (p  =  0.026). Functional recovery after (L)DMP was excellent in both groups. CONCLUSION: We could not find any significant histological differences between CV and IUPJO in @entity1 . To obtain excellent functional recovery, surgical procedures with a definite correction of the UPJ should be preferred in paediatric @entity1 with CV.

title: Differences between intrinsic and extrinsic XXXX related to crossing vessels: histology and functional analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction', 'UPJO']

answer: @entity4145 :: (MESH:C537373,Disease) :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']


abstract: (R,R')-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol (MNF) inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro through cell-type specific modulation of b2-adrenergic receptor and/or cannabinoid receptor function. Here, we report an investigation into antitumor activity of MNF in @entity35 @entity36 cells. The potent antiproliferative action of MNF in these cells (IC50 of    1 nmol/L) was refractory to pharmacological inhibition of b2-adrenergic receptor while a synthetic inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptor 1 significantly blocked MNF activity. The antitumor activity of MNF was then assessed in a C6 @entity463 xenograft model in @entity19 . Three days after subcutaneous implantation of C6 cells into the lower flank of @entity19 , these animals were subjected to i.p. injections of saline or MNF (2 mg/kg) for 19 days and @entity5 volumes were measured over the course of the experiment. Gene expression analysis, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot assays were performed on the @entity5 after treatment. Significant @entity5 volumes was observed in @entity19 receiving MNF when compared with the saline-treated group. We identified clusters in expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation, as well as molecular markers for @entity463 that were significantly downregulated in @entity5 of MNF-treated @entity19 as compared to saline-injected controls. The efficacy of MNF against @entity36 cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro was accompanied by marked reduction in the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins. This study is the first demonstration of MNF-dependent chemoprevention of a @entity463 xenograft model and may offer a potential mechanism for its anticancer action in vivo.

title: Antitumor activity of (R,R')-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol in a XXXX @entity36 xenograft model in the @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'reduction in mean tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: (R,R')-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol (MNF) inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro through cell-type specific modulation of b2-adrenergic receptor and/or cannabinoid receptor function. Here, we report an investigation into antitumor activity of MNF in @entity35 @entity36 cells. The potent antiproliferative action of MNF in these cells (IC50 of    1 nmol/L) was refractory to pharmacological inhibition of b2-adrenergic receptor while a synthetic inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptor 1 significantly blocked MNF activity. The antitumor activity of MNF was then assessed in a C6 @entity463 xenograft model in @entity19 . Three days after subcutaneous implantation of C6 cells into the lower flank of @entity19 , these animals were subjected to i.p. injections of saline or MNF (2 mg/kg) for 19 days and @entity5 volumes were measured over the course of the experiment. Gene expression analysis, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot assays were performed on the @entity5 after treatment. Significant @entity5 volumes was observed in @entity19 receiving MNF when compared with the saline-treated group. We identified clusters in expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation, as well as molecular markers for @entity463 that were significantly downregulated in @entity5 of MNF-treated @entity19 as compared to saline-injected controls. The efficacy of MNF against @entity36 cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro was accompanied by marked reduction in the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins. This study is the first demonstration of MNF-dependent chemoprevention of a @entity463 xenograft model and may offer a potential mechanism for its anticancer action in vivo.

title: Antitumor activity of (R,R')-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol in a @entity35 XXXX xenograft model in the @entity19 .

answer: @entity36 :: (MESH:C567307,Disease) :: ['C6 glioma']


abstract: (R,R')-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol (MNF) inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro through cell-type specific modulation of b2-adrenergic receptor and/or cannabinoid receptor function. Here, we report an investigation into antitumor activity of MNF in @entity35 @entity36 cells. The potent antiproliferative action of MNF in these cells (IC50 of    1 nmol/L) was refractory to pharmacological inhibition of b2-adrenergic receptor while a synthetic inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptor 1 significantly blocked MNF activity. The antitumor activity of MNF was then assessed in a C6 @entity463 xenograft model in @entity19 . Three days after subcutaneous implantation of C6 cells into the lower flank of @entity19 , these animals were subjected to i.p. injections of saline or MNF (2 mg/kg) for 19 days and @entity5 volumes were measured over the course of the experiment. Gene expression analysis, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot assays were performed on the @entity5 after treatment. Significant @entity5 volumes was observed in @entity19 receiving MNF when compared with the saline-treated group. We identified clusters in expression of genes involved in cellular proliferation, as well as molecular markers for @entity463 that were significantly downregulated in @entity5 of MNF-treated @entity19 as compared to saline-injected controls. The efficacy of MNF against @entity36 cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro was accompanied by marked reduction in the expression of cell cycle regulator proteins. This study is the first demonstration of MNF-dependent chemoprevention of a @entity463 xenograft model and may offer a potential mechanism for its anticancer action in vivo.

title: Antitumor activity of (R,R')-4-methoxy-1-naphthylfenoterol in a @entity35 @entity36 xenograft model in the XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: We report two cases of @entity1 with necrotising @entity5442 who presented initially with @entity158 and swelling on a background of respiratory complaints. @entity1 1, a previously well 38-year-old female, underwent various investigations in the @entity341 department for excessive @entity158 and a @entity1910 . @entity1 2, a 61-year-old female with a background of @entity309 and @entity101 , presented to accident and @entity341 feeling generally unwell and was treated for presumed @entity1576 . Both deteriorated rapidly and were referred to the plastic surgery team with soft tissue @entity39 , @entity177 and toxaemia. Large areas of necrotic muscle and skin were debrided, which grew group A streptococci, @entity4195 . @entity1 1 had a high above knee amputation of the left leg with extensive debridement of the right. Despite aggressive surgical intervention and microbiological input with intensive care support, @entity1 2 died. These two cases highlight the importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical and pharmacological intervention in managing this life-threatening disease. @entity158 is the primary symptom with skin changes being a late and subtle sign in a septic @entity1 . The Laboratory Risk Indicator for @entity9156 (LRINEC) may be of use if there is concern to aid diagnosis of this life-threatening disease.

title: XXXX , the deadly impersonator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['impending multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory sepsis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb pain', 'Pain', 'limb pain']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['Necrotising Fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['Necrotising myositis']


abstract: There is still no clear definition of diskogenic @entity1643 and no consensus on a generally agreed test, such as provocative diskography (PD), to diagnose painful @entity1797 , and probably more importantly, to predict the outcome of therapy intended to reduce @entity158 that is presumed to be diskogenic in nature. Nevertheless, PD is the most specific procedure to diagnose diskogenic @entity1643 . Its accuracy, however, is rather low or at best unknown. Although rare, the most prevalent complication, postdiskography @entity1512 , can be devastating for the individual @entity1 , so all measures, like strict sterile conditions and antibiotic prophylaxis, should be taken to avoid this complication. It is advised to perform the procedure in a pressure-controlled way with a constant low flow, and optionally computed tomography imaging. PD should not be performed in morphologically normal disks. A standardized execution of the test should be established in order to perform high-quality studies to determine its accuracy to lead to meaningful interventions, and find best practices for diagnosis and @entity615 . Possibly, PD may have detrimental effects on the disk, causing @entity528 , although it is unknown whether this will be related to clinical symptoms. Especially with these possible adverse side effects in mind, the risk-benefit ratio with the lack of clear benefits from treatments provided, and possible complications of disk puncture, the rationale for PD is questionable, which should be stressed to @entity1 in the process of shared decision making. Diskography as a stand-alone test is not recommended in clinical decision making for @entity1 with chronic @entity1643 .

title: Provocative diskography: safety and predictive value in the outcome of spinal fusion or @entity158 intervention for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back pain']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disk degeneration']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['treatment of diskogenic back pain']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['early degeneration']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low-back pain']


abstract: There is still no clear definition of diskogenic @entity1643 and no consensus on a generally agreed test, such as provocative diskography (PD), to diagnose painful @entity1797 , and probably more importantly, to predict the outcome of therapy intended to reduce @entity158 that is presumed to be diskogenic in nature. Nevertheless, PD is the most specific procedure to diagnose diskogenic @entity1643 . Its accuracy, however, is rather low or at best unknown. Although rare, the most prevalent complication, postdiskography @entity1512 , can be devastating for the individual @entity1 , so all measures, like strict sterile conditions and antibiotic prophylaxis, should be taken to avoid this complication. It is advised to perform the procedure in a pressure-controlled way with a constant low flow, and optionally computed tomography imaging. PD should not be performed in morphologically normal disks. A standardized execution of the test should be established in order to perform high-quality studies to determine its accuracy to lead to meaningful interventions, and find best practices for diagnosis and @entity615 . Possibly, PD may have detrimental effects on the disk, causing @entity528 , although it is unknown whether this will be related to clinical symptoms. Especially with these possible adverse side effects in mind, the risk-benefit ratio with the lack of clear benefits from treatments provided, and possible complications of disk puncture, the rationale for PD is questionable, which should be stressed to @entity1 in the process of shared decision making. Diskography as a stand-alone test is not recommended in clinical decision making for @entity1 with chronic @entity1643 .

title: Provocative diskography: safety and predictive value in the outcome of spinal fusion or XXXX intervention for chronic @entity1643 .

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Objective. We compared the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity699 alone with those of @entity1 with @entity699 and @entity4089 . Methods. Eighty-four @entity1 were enrolled between 2002 and 2011, in a hospital in China. Clinical, endocrinological, and histopathological data, MRI scans, and surgical outcomes were reviewed throughout the follow-up period. Results. @entity1 with @entity699 and @entity4089 had a younger age at diagnosis (30.28    14.23 versus 36.08    10.91 years; P = 0.037) and a larger adenoma maximal diameter (2.44    1.32 versus 1.44    1.05 cm; P < 0.001) than @entity1 with @entity699 alone. @entity1866 (P = 0.027) and @entity227 (P = 0.021) were more common and progressive @entity28 (P = 0.009) and @entity101 (P < 0.001) were less common in @entity1 with @entity699 and @entity4089 . The rate of normalization of hormonal levels was lower (41.7% versus 91.7%; P < 0.001) and the recurrence rate was higher (36.1% versus 8.3%; P < 0.001) in @entity1 with @entity699 and @entity4089 . Conclusions. Careful long-term follow-up is needed of @entity1 with @entity699 and @entity4089 .

title: Retrospective Analysis of XXXX with or without @entity4089 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['Menstrual disorders']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's Disease']


abstract: Objective. We compared the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity699 alone with those of @entity1 with @entity699 and @entity4089 . Methods. Eighty-four @entity1 were enrolled between 2002 and 2011, in a hospital in China. Clinical, endocrinological, and histopathological data, MRI scans, and surgical outcomes were reviewed throughout the follow-up period. Results. @entity1 with @entity699 and @entity4089 had a younger age at diagnosis (30.28    14.23 versus 36.08    10.91 years; P = 0.037) and a larger adenoma maximal diameter (2.44    1.32 versus 1.44    1.05 cm; P < 0.001) than @entity1 with @entity699 alone. @entity1866 (P = 0.027) and @entity227 (P = 0.021) were more common and progressive @entity28 (P = 0.009) and @entity101 (P < 0.001) were less common in @entity1 with @entity699 and @entity4089 . The rate of normalization of hormonal levels was lower (41.7% versus 91.7%; P < 0.001) and the recurrence rate was higher (36.1% versus 8.3%; P < 0.001) in @entity1 with @entity699 and @entity4089 . Conclusions. Careful long-term follow-up is needed of @entity1 with @entity699 and @entity4089 .

title: Retrospective Analysis of @entity699 with or without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['Hyperprolactinemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Reservoir sediment is one of the most stressful environments for microorganisms due to periodically @entity26 minimum conditions. In this study, the abundance and composition of bacteria associated with sediments from three drinking water reservoirs (Zhoucun, ZCR; Shibianyu, SBYR; and Jinpen, JPR) were investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA-based 454 pyrosequencing. The results of physico-chemical analysis of sediments showed that the organic matter and total @entity1568 were significantly higher in ZCR as compared to JPR (P   <   0.01). The bacterial abundance was 9.13   *   10(6), 1.14   *   10(7), and 6.35   *   10(6)  copies/ng DNA in sediments of SBYR, ZCR, and JPR, respectively (P   <   0.01). The pyrosequencing revealed a total of 9,673 operational taxonomic units, which were affiliated with 17 phyla. The dominant phylum was Firmicutes (56.83  %) in JPR; whereas, the dominance of Proteobacteria was observed in SBYR with 40.38  % and ZCR with 39.56  %. The Shannon-Wiener diversity (H') was high in ZCR; whereas, Chao 1 @entity3794 was high in SBYR. The dominant genera were Clostridium with 42.15  % and Bacillus with 20.44  % in JPR. Meanwhile, Dechloromonas with14.80  % and Smithella with 7.20  % were dominated in ZCR, and Bacillus with 45.45  % and Acinetobacter with 5.15  % in SBYR. The heat map profiles and redundancy analysis indicated substantial differences in sediment bacterial community composition among three reservoirs. Moreover, it appears from the results that physico-chemical variables of sediments including pH, organic matter, total @entity1568 , and available phosphorous played key roles in shaping the bacterial community diversity. The results obtained from this study will broaden our understanding on the bacterial community structure of sediments in @entity26 minimum and stressful freshwater environments.

title: Abundance and Diversity of Bacteria in XXXX Minimum Drinking Water Reservoir Sediments Studied by Quantitative PCR and Pyrosequencing.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: @entity320 is an uncommon @entity5 with a poor prognosis. We aim to describe the clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of @entity1 with @entity320 in our center. Retrospective study of @entity1 with  @entity320  treated between 2000 and 2011 at a @entity5 center in Lisbon. Ten @entity1 were identified, eight females and two males, with median age 70.5  years (32-79). Symptoms at presentation were @entity548 (8), anal @entity158 (4) and discomfort (3). @entity5 location was anal (6), rectal (3) and anorectal transition (2). Seven @entity1 had surgery: abdomino-pelvic resection (5) and local resection (2). Among the two @entity1 who underwent local resection, one was an incidental finding in a hemorrhoidectomy specimen. This @entity1 had further adjuvant chemotherapy ( @entity2699 ). Three @entity1 had distant @entity3 at diagnosis, one had chemotherapy and two had best supportive care. Six of the seven  operated @entity1 relapsed in a median time of 5.4  months: distant @entity3 (4), local recurrence (1), both (1). The two local relapse @entity1 had surgical widening of resection margins (1) and radiotherapy (2). One-year survival was 30  %; 3-year survival was 20  %. @entity320 has a poor prognosis due to advanced disease at presentation and aggressive course, with relapse in almost all operated @entity1 . Treatment guidelines have not been established due to the lack of randomized studies. However, recent studies show that sphincter-sparing surgical procedures along with low dose intensity radiotherapy seem to achieve a local control similar to abdomino-pelvic resection. No systemic therapy is considered standard of care for advanced disease, and regimens are extrapolated from cutaneous @entity320 experience.

title: XXXX : retrospective analysis of management and outcome in a single Portuguese Institution.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Anorectal melanoma', 'anorectal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Anorectal malignant melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity6 is a significant risk factor for total @entity5 incidence and mortality. @entity2449 , a commonly used antidiabetic drug, has been shown to be protective against different types of @entity5 ; however, its role in @entity418 is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine whether the use of @entity2449 modifies the risk of development of @entity420 in @entity1 with @entity355 . METHODS: @entity1 with diagnoses of @entity355 and @entity418 were identified during a 20-year period. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The outcome variable was @entity420 . Univariate analysis was performed using two-sample t tests for continuous variables or the Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then performed using the significant variables. RESULTS: A total of 583 @entity1 were identified with the diagnosis of @entity355 or @entity420 from 1992 to 2012. Of these, 115 had @entity420 and 468 had @entity355 . Age, smoking, and @entity6 were found to be significant risk factors for the development of @entity418 with the following results: age (P < 0.001), smoking (P = 0.003), @entity6 (P = 0.007). @entity1780 use was protective against the development of @entity5 with P = 0.001. @entity2449 use was neither associated with an increased nor a decreased risk of @entity418 . CONCLUSIONS: The three independent variables that predicted progression of @entity355 to @entity420 in our study were older age, smoking, and @entity6 . Statin use showed protective effect against development of @entity420 . @entity2449 use did not demonstrate any statistically significant protective effect.

title: @entity2449 use and the risk of XXXX in @entity355 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['Barrett esophagus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity6 is a significant risk factor for total @entity5 incidence and mortality. @entity2449 , a commonly used antidiabetic drug, has been shown to be protective against different types of @entity5 ; however, its role in @entity418 is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine whether the use of @entity2449 modifies the risk of development of @entity420 in @entity1 with @entity355 . METHODS: @entity1 with diagnoses of @entity355 and @entity418 were identified during a 20-year period. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The outcome variable was @entity420 . Univariate analysis was performed using two-sample t tests for continuous variables or the Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then performed using the significant variables. RESULTS: A total of 583 @entity1 were identified with the diagnosis of @entity355 or @entity420 from 1992 to 2012. Of these, 115 had @entity420 and 468 had @entity355 . Age, smoking, and @entity6 were found to be significant risk factors for the development of @entity418 with the following results: age (P < 0.001), smoking (P = 0.003), @entity6 (P = 0.007). @entity1780 use was protective against the development of @entity5 with P = 0.001. @entity2449 use was neither associated with an increased nor a decreased risk of @entity418 . CONCLUSIONS: The three independent variables that predicted progression of @entity355 to @entity420 in our study were older age, smoking, and @entity6 . Statin use showed protective effect against development of @entity420 . @entity2449 use did not demonstrate any statistically significant protective effect.

title: @entity2449 use and the risk of @entity418 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['barrett esophagus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity6 is a significant risk factor for total @entity5 incidence and mortality. @entity2449 , a commonly used antidiabetic drug, has been shown to be protective against different types of @entity5 ; however, its role in @entity418 is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine whether the use of @entity2449 modifies the risk of development of @entity420 in @entity1 with @entity355 . METHODS: @entity1 with diagnoses of @entity355 and @entity418 were identified during a 20-year period. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The outcome variable was @entity420 . Univariate analysis was performed using two-sample t tests for continuous variables or the Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then performed using the significant variables. RESULTS: A total of 583 @entity1 were identified with the diagnosis of @entity355 or @entity420 from 1992 to 2012. Of these, 115 had @entity420 and 468 had @entity355 . Age, smoking, and @entity6 were found to be significant risk factors for the development of @entity418 with the following results: age (P < 0.001), smoking (P = 0.003), @entity6 (P = 0.007). @entity1780 use was protective against the development of @entity5 with P = 0.001. @entity2449 use was neither associated with an increased nor a decreased risk of @entity418 . CONCLUSIONS: The three independent variables that predicted progression of @entity355 to @entity420 in our study were older age, smoking, and @entity6 . Statin use showed protective effect against development of @entity420 . @entity2449 use did not demonstrate any statistically significant protective effect.

title: XXXX use and the risk of @entity418 in @entity355 .

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['Metformin']


abstract: In cell-fractionation experiments most of the glycolytic enzymes in bloodstream forms of @entity3177 are recovered in a microbody, called the glycosome [Opperdoes, F. R. and Borst, P. (1977) FEBS Lett. 80, 360-364]. To see whether this compartmentation of glycolytic enzymes is accompanied by compartmentation of metabolites we have pulse-labelled intact @entity3177 with [U-14C]glucose and followed the incorporation of radioactivity into glycolytic intermediates separated by anion-exchange chromatography. The kinetics of incorporation provide direct evidence for the existence of two pools of glycolytic intermediates. One pool is completely labelled within 15 s and represents 20-30% of total cellular metabolites. Radioactively labelled @entity2388 is already produced after 15 s. Since this pool is directly involved in the glycolytic flux, we conclude that it is present in the glycosome. The second pool which represents 70-80% of the total appears not to be directly involved in glycolysis. Its content equilibrates relatively slowly with the glycosomal pool. It probably represents the cytosol. Incorporation of radioactivity into the total @entity7685 pool is more rapid than for the other metabolites studied. This indicates rapid mixing of the glycosomal and cell-sap pools of @entity7685 , as required for the extra-glycosomal oxidation of @entity7685 by the mitochondrial oxidase. In the presence of 1 mM @entity33904 , which mimics anaerobiosis, the trypanosome produces equimolar amounts of @entity2388 and @entity653 . Labelling of @entity653 and @entity7685 proceeds at identical rates but at all times the specific activity of @entity653 is less than that of @entity7685 . This is compatible with our earlier proposal that @entity653 is made from @entity7685 by @entity653 kinase. We conclude that glycolysis in trypanosomes takes place in the glycosome and that the membrane of this organelle is poorly permeable to most glycolytic intermediates.

title: Subcellular compartmentation of glycolytic intermediates in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity33904 :: ('MESH:C005703', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylhydroxamic acid']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei', 'T. brucei']

entities_list: @entity7685 :: ('MESH:C029620', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol 3-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity3177 :: (5691,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration and crestal @entity604 (CBL) in two implant designs with different diameters (Mini Sky   and Narrow Sky  ) implants, placed at different vertical levels at healed @entity235 ridges. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The second, third, and fourth mandibular premolars of six @entity235 were extracted bilaterally. After 2 months healing, four implants divided into two groups according to their diameters (i.e., Narrow Sky   and Mini Sky  ) were placed in each hemi-mandible at the level of the bone crest or 2 mm subcrestally. The animals were euthanized at 12 weeks and undecalcified samples were processed for histology. Histomorphometric analysis was carried out to compare bone-to-implant contacts (BIC) and crestal @entity604 (CBL). RESULTS: There were not significant differences in CBL between groups when the implants were placed at subcrestal bone level (p   >   0.05), meanwhile the CBL was significantly higher for both groups when the implants were inserted at crestal level (p   <   0.05). All implants were osseointegrated presenting a minimum BIC percentage of 56%. The major percentages of BIC were found for both groups at subcrestal level (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this experimental study may be concluded that the implant diameter does not affect the CBL. BIC values are affected by implant diameter and design been higher for narrow implants compared to mini-implants. Subcrestal insertion of both implants favors crestal bone preservation but crestal insertion of both designs is associated with crestal @entity604 CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The study shows that narrow implants protect peri-implant crestal bone.

title: Narrow- versus mini-implants at crestal and subcrestal bone levels. Experimental study in XXXX at three months.

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['Beagle dogs', 'canine']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['beagle dogs']


abstract: A widely studied problem in systems biology is to predict bacterial phenotype from growth conditions, using mechanistic models such as flux balance analysis (FBA). However, the inverse prediction of growth conditions from phenotype is rarely considered. Here we develop a computational framework to carry out this inverse prediction on a computational model of bacterial metabolism. We use FBA to calculate bacterial phenotypes from growth conditions in @entity526 , and then we assess how accurately we can predict the original growth conditions from the phenotypes. Prediction is carried out via regularized multinomial regression. Our analysis provides several important physiological and statistical insights. First, we show that by analyzing metabolic end products we can consistently predict growth conditions. Second, prediction is reliable even in the presence of small amounts of impurities. Third, flux through a relatively small number of reactions per growth source (   10) is sufficient for accurate prediction. Fourth, combining the predictions from two separate models, one trained only on @entity505 sources and one only on @entity1568 sources, performs better than models trained to perform joint prediction. Finally, that separate predictions perform better than a more sophisticated joint prediction scheme suggests that @entity505 and @entity1568 utilization pathways, despite jointly affecting cellular growth, may be fairly decoupled in terms of their dependence on specific assortments of molecular precursors.

title: Predicting Growth Conditions from Internal Metabolic Fluxes in an In-Silico Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: Home @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) is associated with many complications including severe @entity409 . Commercial   -6 @entity844 - @entity1460 based-lipid emulsions in @entity3147 may mediate long term @entity3147 associate @entity409 (PNALD) whereas   -3-fish oil parenteral emulsions have shown to reverse PNALD in @entity1 . However, its clinical effectiveness in adults has been scarcely reported. In this work, we study the role of @entity1460 and fish oil lipid commercial emulsions on inflammatory and profibrotic liver markers in adults with long term PNALD and in in vitro cellular models. Inflammatory and profibrotic markers were measured in serum of ten adults with long term PNALD and in culture supernatants of monocytes. Liver epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFb1) to evaluate in vitro liver @entity82 . Omegaven  , a 100% fish oil commercial emulsion, was infused during four months in two @entity1 with severe long term PNALD reversing, at the first month, the inflammatory, profibrotic and clinical parameters of PNALD. The effect was maintained during the treatment course but impaired when conventional lipid emulsions were reintroduced. The other @entity1 under chronic @entity1460 oil-based @entity3147 showed elevated inflammatory and profibrotic parameters. In vitro @entity1 monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide induced a strong inflammatory response that was suppressed by @entity27982  , but increased by @entity1460 emulsions. In other experiments, TGFb1 induced EMT that was suppressed by Omegaven   and enhanced by @entity1460 oil lipid emulsions. Omegaven   improves clinical, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic parameters in adults with long-term home PNALD.

title: Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic profile of fish oil emulsions used in @entity3147 -associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary dysfunction', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']