abstract: This study investigates the role that decreased @entity855 levels may play in dibutyltin ( @entity20207 )-induced @entity5 (lytic) function of natural killer (NK) cells. NK cells are a subset of lymphocytes capable of killing @entity5 cells, virally infected cells, and antibody coated cells. @entity20207 is used as stabilizer in PVC plastics and has also been used as a deworming product in poultry. NK cells were exposed to various concentrations of @entity20207 for 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 6 days before determining @entity855 levels and lytic function. @entity855 levels and lytic function were also determined in NK cells that were exposed to @entity20207 for 1 h followed by 24 h, 48 h, and 6 days in @entity20207 -free media. The results indicated that exposure of NK cells to 10 muM @entity20207 for 1 h did not cause any significant decrease in NK cell @entity855 levels but did cause a very significant loss in lytic function. NK cells exposed to 500 nM @entity20207 for 24 h showed significant loss of lytic function but showed no decrease in @entity855 levels. However, 48 h and 6 days exposures to those concentrations of @entity20207 that caused decreases in @entity5 lysing function also caused significant decreases in @entity855 levels. Exposures of NK cells to varying @entity20207 concentrations for 1 h followed by 24 h, 48 h, and 6 days in @entity20207 free media produced effects on lytic function and @entity855 levels that were similar to those seen with continuous @entity20207 exposures. The results indicate that @entity20207 exposures decrease @entity855 levels in NK cells but that @entity5 lysing function can be reduced independent of any decreases in @entity855 levels. Additionally the results show that the effects of a range of @entity20207 concentrations on @entity855 levels and @entity5 lysing function are irreversible.

title: Effect of dibutyltin on XXXX levels in human natural killer cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'decreases in the tumor-cell-lysing']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The transformation of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts is a key step in the pathogenesis of fibrotic @entity409 . The intracellular signaling associated with hepatic stellate cell transformation becomes a point of interest, especially the role of cytosolic free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i). The aim of the study was to investigate possible differences between various transformation phenotypes of hepatic stellate cells with regard to the @entity460 influx mediated by L-type voltage-operated @entity460 channels (L-type VOC). METHODS: Hepatic stellate cells were isolated from @entity35 liver by pronase-collagenase reperfusion and cultured under standard conditions. The transformation of hepatic stellate cells was stimulated by treatment with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) or inhibited with @entity3692 ( @entity3692 ) and characterized by immunocytochemistry for smooth muscle alpha-actin and determination of hyaluronan in the culture media with a ligand binding assay. [ @entity141 ]i was measured in individual cells with fluorescence microscopy using @entity593 . VOCs were activated by the standard procedure of extracellular @entity972 elevation, to achieve depolarization, and identified by various controls. RESULTS: In transformed myofibroblasts the activation of VOCs by @entity972 elevation from 5.4 mmol/l to 50.4 mmol/l led to a 19% increase in [ @entity141 ]i in contrast to 0.2% in hepatic stellate cells cultured for 3 days. In 7-day old hepatic stellate cells, after stimulation of cell transformation with @entity1810 , an enhanced [ @entity141 ]i response to @entity972 elevation was detected, while inhibition of transformation with @entity3692 for the same time caused a decreased @entity460 signal compared with untreated control cultures. Short-term treatment with the cytokines (1 day) did not influence depolarization-dependent @entity460 signals. CONCLUSION: The results show the [ @entity141 ]i increase via L-type VOCs to be dependent on the transformation level of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts which can be influenced by the long-term treatment of hepatic stellate cells with TGF-beta or @entity3692 . In contrast, there is no evidence for direct regulation of VOC activity by TGF-beta or @entity3692 after short-term exposure.

title: Transformation-dependent XXXX influx by voltage-operated @entity460 channels in stellate cells of @entity35 liver.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The transformation of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts is a key step in the pathogenesis of fibrotic @entity409 . The intracellular signaling associated with hepatic stellate cell transformation becomes a point of interest, especially the role of cytosolic free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i). The aim of the study was to investigate possible differences between various transformation phenotypes of hepatic stellate cells with regard to the @entity460 influx mediated by L-type voltage-operated @entity460 channels (L-type VOC). METHODS: Hepatic stellate cells were isolated from @entity35 liver by pronase-collagenase reperfusion and cultured under standard conditions. The transformation of hepatic stellate cells was stimulated by treatment with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) or inhibited with @entity3692 ( @entity3692 ) and characterized by immunocytochemistry for smooth muscle alpha-actin and determination of hyaluronan in the culture media with a ligand binding assay. [ @entity141 ]i was measured in individual cells with fluorescence microscopy using @entity593 . VOCs were activated by the standard procedure of extracellular @entity972 elevation, to achieve depolarization, and identified by various controls. RESULTS: In transformed myofibroblasts the activation of VOCs by @entity972 elevation from 5.4 mmol/l to 50.4 mmol/l led to a 19% increase in [ @entity141 ]i in contrast to 0.2% in hepatic stellate cells cultured for 3 days. In 7-day old hepatic stellate cells, after stimulation of cell transformation with @entity1810 , an enhanced [ @entity141 ]i response to @entity972 elevation was detected, while inhibition of transformation with @entity3692 for the same time caused a decreased @entity460 signal compared with untreated control cultures. Short-term treatment with the cytokines (1 day) did not influence depolarization-dependent @entity460 signals. CONCLUSION: The results show the [ @entity141 ]i increase via L-type VOCs to be dependent on the transformation level of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts which can be influenced by the long-term treatment of hepatic stellate cells with TGF-beta or @entity3692 . In contrast, there is no evidence for direct regulation of VOC activity by TGF-beta or @entity3692 after short-term exposure.

title: Transformation-dependent @entity460 influx by voltage-operated XXXX channels in stellate cells of @entity35 liver.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The transformation of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts is a key step in the pathogenesis of fibrotic @entity409 . The intracellular signaling associated with hepatic stellate cell transformation becomes a point of interest, especially the role of cytosolic free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i). The aim of the study was to investigate possible differences between various transformation phenotypes of hepatic stellate cells with regard to the @entity460 influx mediated by L-type voltage-operated @entity460 channels (L-type VOC). METHODS: Hepatic stellate cells were isolated from @entity35 liver by pronase-collagenase reperfusion and cultured under standard conditions. The transformation of hepatic stellate cells was stimulated by treatment with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) or inhibited with @entity3692 ( @entity3692 ) and characterized by immunocytochemistry for smooth muscle alpha-actin and determination of hyaluronan in the culture media with a ligand binding assay. [ @entity141 ]i was measured in individual cells with fluorescence microscopy using @entity593 . VOCs were activated by the standard procedure of extracellular @entity972 elevation, to achieve depolarization, and identified by various controls. RESULTS: In transformed myofibroblasts the activation of VOCs by @entity972 elevation from 5.4 mmol/l to 50.4 mmol/l led to a 19% increase in [ @entity141 ]i in contrast to 0.2% in hepatic stellate cells cultured for 3 days. In 7-day old hepatic stellate cells, after stimulation of cell transformation with @entity1810 , an enhanced [ @entity141 ]i response to @entity972 elevation was detected, while inhibition of transformation with @entity3692 for the same time caused a decreased @entity460 signal compared with untreated control cultures. Short-term treatment with the cytokines (1 day) did not influence depolarization-dependent @entity460 signals. CONCLUSION: The results show the [ @entity141 ]i increase via L-type VOCs to be dependent on the transformation level of hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts which can be influenced by the long-term treatment of hepatic stellate cells with TGF-beta or @entity3692 . In contrast, there is no evidence for direct regulation of VOC activity by TGF-beta or @entity3692 after short-term exposure.

title: Transformation-dependent @entity460 influx by voltage-operated @entity460 channels in stellate cells of XXXX liver.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively compare contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography against digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in @entity1 with critical @entity63 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with critical @entity63 underwent both CE MR angiography and DSA. CE MR angiography commenced with a dedicated high-resolution study of the below-knee arteries followed by a three-station bolus-chase examination. Two blinded observers recorded the severity of the most significant @entity850 within each arterial segment. Interobserver agreement was calculated and, with DSA as the reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of CE MR angiography for the detection of significant @entity850 (>or=50% luminal narrowing) or occlusion was calculated. RESULTS: All 390 arterial segments were scored by both observers. Sensitivity was higher in the distal segments (92%-96%) compared with the proximal segments (69%-79%). Specificity was similar in distal (90%-91%) and more proximal segments (86%-96%). Overall, interobserver agreement was excellent (kappa = 0.95 for CE MR angiography and DSA) and was superior within the distal segments. Twenty-eight segments that were considered occluded on DSA were shown to be patent on CE MR angiography and 16 segments that were considered occluded on CE MR angiography were shown to be patent on DSA. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with critical @entity63 , CE MR angiography with high-resolution distal imaging is highly accurate for assessment of the below-knee arteries. Both DSA and CE MR angiography may identify patent vessels that are considered occluded based on the other modality.

title: XXXX : the diagnostic performance of dual-phase injection MR angiography (including high-resolution distal imaging) compared with digital subtraction angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb ischemia', 'lower-limb ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Critical lower-limb ischemia']


abstract: Bacteria are able to sense a broad range of chemical and energetic stimuli and modulate their swimming behaviour to migrate to more favourable environments. Signal transduction in bacterial @entity6722 is mediated by a two-component system composed of a protein @entity3793 kinase, CheA, and a response regulator, CheY. The phosphorylated response regulator, P approximately CheY, binds to a protein at the flagellar motor, FliM, to cause reversals in @entity717 . The level of P approximately CheY is controlled by the activity of the kinase CheA, which is in turn regulated by membrane receptors at the cell surface. Membrane receptors such as the @entity492 receptor, Tar, are composed of two distinct regions: an extracellular sensing domain that binds stimulatory ligands, @entity492 in the case of Tar; and an intracellular signalling domain that forms a complex with the protein kinase CheA. What is the mechanism of transmembrane signalling? How does @entity492 binding to the sensing domain at the outside surface of the membrane translate into a change in kinase activity at the membrane cytosol interface? Recent results suggest that the mechanism depends on perturbations in lateral packing within an extensive array of receptors localized to patches at the cell poles. Receptor patching appears to depend on higher-order associations with the kinase CheA as well as an adaptor protein, CheW. It is difficult to assess the locus of pH effects within the context of even a simple signal transduction system like that involved in bacterial @entity6722 . Previous results with mutant strains have indicated that the @entity563 receptor, Tsr, is critical for pH sensing, but in vitro results do not support such a straightforward interpretation of the genetic data.

title: pH sensing in bacterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['flagellar motor rotation']

answer: @entity6722 :: (MESH:C565534,Disease) :: ['chemotaxis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide clinical data concerning the visual outcome and recurrence rate of medial @entity1653 in consideration of two different subgroups of this @entity5 entity. METHODS: Among 256 @entity1653 , there were 108 medial @entity1653 of globoid shape. They were classified into Group 1 (without cavernous sinus involvement) and Group 2 (with cavernous sinus involvement). En @entity1653 were excluded from the analysis. The charts of the @entity1 including surgical records, discharge letters, follow-up records, and imaging studies were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 39 Group 1 @entity5 and 69 Group 2 @entity5 . For microsurgical @entity5 removal, the frontolateral (15.7%) or the pterional approach (84.3%) was performed. Total resection was achieved in 92.3% of @entity1 with Group 1 @entity5 and 14.5% of those with Group 2 @entity5 . Radiological recurrence was observed in 7.7% (Group 1 @entity5 ) and 27.5% (Group 2 @entity5 ). The mean follow-up time was 79.04 months (6.59 yr). Improvement of visual function (or stable visual function) was observed in 56% (44%) of @entity1 with Group 1 @entity5 , in 30% (60%) with newly diagnosed Group 2 @entity5 , and 10% (70%) undergoing recurrent surgery for Group 2 @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Group 1 @entity1653 present a more favorable subgroup with fortunate visual outcome. In Group 2 @entity5 , visual improvement was less favorable and radical removal is limited because of cavernous sinus infiltration, with consequential higher recurrence rates. @entity1 harboring recurrent Group 2 @entity5 with deteriorating visual function profit from microsurgery because vision can be preserved on the same preoperative level in the majority.

title: Medial XXXX : clinical outcome and recurrence rate.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['plaque meningiomas', 'sphenoid wing meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['sphenoid wing meningiomas']


abstract: @entity1032 are common in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in frequencies of self-reported @entity146 symptoms, harmful @entity167 use and healthcare contacts, in an urban and a rural area in Sweden. Two samples of 10,441 (urban site) and 3538 (rural site) subjects, aged 20-64, responded to a questionnaire, covering demographic characteristics and self-report @entity146 instruments as well as contact with healthcare during the past 12 months. Psychiatric symptoms and symptoms of @entity734 were reported by 17% of the urban @entity1 compared with 13% of the rural @entity1 , and by 20% of the urban @entity1 compared with 15% of the rural @entity1 . This difference is mainly due to an uneven age distribution in the two populations and remains statistically significant only in the oldest age group (50-64 years). Symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 occurred with similar frequencies in both samples. Harmful @entity167 use was reported by 3.6% of the urban @entity1 , 1.5% of rural @entity1 , 11.8% of urban @entity1 and 8.6% of rural @entity1 . The urban sample had more often been in contact with medical services, 77% vs. 52%. Symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 were equally common in the two samples. Harmful use of @entity167 was more common in the urban sample, especially among @entity1 . Most obvious was the stronger inclination to seek help in the urban sample.

title: XXXX and healthcare contacts in an urban and a rural area. Comparisons of two Swedish counties.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental health problems']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['Mental health problems']


abstract: The study of the neurobehavioral consequences of mutations of @entity10308 , the gene responsible for @entity2100 ( @entity2100 ), has been based largely on correlations between mutation patterns and cognitive profile. Following the characterization of @entity10308 , the @entity10308 gene product, preliminary correlations between @entity10308 levels, and neurologic phenotype have been established. However, most of these investigations have focused on individuals at both ends of the genetic and cognitive spectra of @entity2100 , subjects with normal or premutation (PM) alleles or males with the @entity10308 full mutation (FM). The present study is designed to characterize @entity10308 expression and to correlate it with IQ, in a sample representing a wide spectrum of @entity10308 mutations. For this purpose we developed a highly sensitive immunoblotting assay using peripheral leukocytes. Three distinct patterns of @entity10308 immunoreactivity (-ir) emerged. Individuals with normal (n = 28) and PM (n = 8) alleles as well as most females with the FM (n = 14) showed the highest levels with multiple approximately 70-80 kDa @entity10308 -ir bands. Males with the FM (n = 10) demonstrated only a 70 kDa @entity10308 -ir band, and had significantly lower levels when compared with any previous groups. Males with mosaicism and three of 14 females with FM displayed a doublet with equal amounts of the highest and lowest molecular weight @entity10308 -ir bands. Multiple regression models that adjust for the effect of parental IQ indicated that both activation ratio and @entity10308 -ir are significantly correlated to subject IQ. We conclude that @entity10308 -ir offers promise as an indicator of the impact of @entity10308 mutations upon neurologic function. Furthermore, our unexpected finding of @entity10308 -ir in all males with FM suggests that most of them are not transcriptionally silent.

title: Genotype, molecular phenotype, and cognitive phenotype: correlations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['FraX', 'fragile X syndrome']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['fragile X syndrome']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this article is to present a new method for treating @entity5229 , the one window plus puncture method (1WP) in which a thin endoscope is used. METHODS: With the @entity1 in the lateral position and under one-lung ventilation, a one-window working port was created on the ventral side. An introducer was inserted on the dorsal side, and the operation to treat @entity5229 was performed under observation with a thin endoscope, that was 2 mm to 3 mm in diameter. RESULTS: This study enrolled 540 @entity1 , in whom thoracoscopic surgery was performed in order to treat @entity5229 during the period from 1995 to 2004. The cases were divided into two groups: the first group comprised 324 cases (TWM group) in which surgery was performed by the two windows method (TWM), and the second group comprised 216 cases (1WP group) in which surgery was performed by the one window plus puncture method (1WP) using a thin endoscope. After surgery the two groups were compared. The TWM group consisted of 282 males and 42 females, and the @entity1 ' mean age was 32+/-14.5 years (range: 15 to 76 years). The 1WP group consisted of 202 males and 14 females, and the @entity1 ' mean age was 21.6+/-6.1 years (range: 15 to 48 years). The mean interval between hospital admission and surgery was 1.5+/-2.8 days in the TWM group and 0.9+/-1.5 days in the in the 1WP group. The mean interval between surgery and hospital discharge was 3.3+/-2.5 days in the TWM group and 2.3+/-0.7 days in the 1WP group. There was a postoperative recurrence in 13 (4%) of the cases in the TWM group, and reoperation was performed in 8 of them; and there was a recurrence in 7 (3.2%) of the cases in the 1WP group, and reoperation was performed in all of them. Thoracoscopic surgery using the thin endoscope was esthetically superior, surgical invasion was minor, and the @entity1 were able to return to their daily lives sooner. CONCLUSIONS: A thoracoscopic surgery performed aggressively to treat @entity5229 made it possible for the @entity1 to return to their daily lives sooner. As thoracoscopic surgery by the 1WP method eliminates the access site on the dorsal side, used in the TWM, and utilizes only a 2 mm to 3 mm puncture, it is a more esthetic procedure, similar in terms of appearance to inserting a @entity456 without performing surgery.

title: Thoracoscopic one window plus puncture method for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural drain']

answer: @entity5229 :: (MESH:D011030,Disease) :: ['spontaneous pneumothorax']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The behavior of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) is assessed during mechanical ventilation (MV) and spontaneous @entity1353 after extubation in critical @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 admitted in the @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) were enrolled. @entity3876 , fluid balance (FB), airway pressure (AP) and @entity452 infusion needing (DP) were registered in three stages: T0, admission to @entity1213 ; T1, before extubation; T2, 24 h after extubation. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) had @entity3876 values higher than other @entity1 . The value of @entity3876 during MV was greater than normal in all @entity1 . The cut-off to discriminate @entity1 with @entity712 during MV was 286 pgxmL(-1)(sensitivity: 86%; specificity: 90%). The increase of @entity3876 during MV directly correlated with FB and inversely correlated with AP and DP. The plasmatic level of @entity3876 remained higher than normal values 24 h after extubation. CONCLUSIONS: The underlying disease of an @entity1213 @entity1 seems to play a relevant role for @entity3876 production and is probably linked to different aspects of therapeutic approach required by the @entity1 . Our data suggest a cut-off value of @entity3876 higher than the usual is necessary to discriminate mechanically-ventilated @entity1 without @entity712 . This study should be repeated with an enlarged population.

title: Behavior of @entity3876 during mechanical ventilation and spontaneous XXXX after extubation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['Intensive Care Unit', 'ICU']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The behavior of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) is assessed during mechanical ventilation (MV) and spontaneous @entity1353 after extubation in critical @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 admitted in the @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) were enrolled. @entity3876 , fluid balance (FB), airway pressure (AP) and @entity452 infusion needing (DP) were registered in three stages: T0, admission to @entity1213 ; T1, before extubation; T2, 24 h after extubation. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) had @entity3876 values higher than other @entity1 . The value of @entity3876 during MV was greater than normal in all @entity1 . The cut-off to discriminate @entity1 with @entity712 during MV was 286 pgxmL(-1)(sensitivity: 86%; specificity: 90%). The increase of @entity3876 during MV directly correlated with FB and inversely correlated with AP and DP. The plasmatic level of @entity3876 remained higher than normal values 24 h after extubation. CONCLUSIONS: The underlying disease of an @entity1213 @entity1 seems to play a relevant role for @entity3876 production and is probably linked to different aspects of therapeutic approach required by the @entity1 . Our data suggest a cut-off value of @entity3876 higher than the usual is necessary to discriminate mechanically-ventilated @entity1 without @entity712 . This study should be repeated with an enlarged population.

title: Behavior of XXXX during mechanical ventilation and spontaneous @entity1353 after extubation.

answer: @entity3876 :: (4879,Gene) :: ['B-type natriuretic peptide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy and side effects of topical nonpreserved corticosteroid therapy for treatment of severe @entity9849 associated with @entity751 . DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity751 -associated @entity9849 sicca and annoying @entity146 . INTERVENTION: Treatment with topical nonpreserved @entity8313 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptom severity, frequency of instillation of artificial tears, corneal @entity941 staining scores, resolution of @entity1036 , @entity134 -related side effects. RESULTS: Before starting @entity1667 therapy, all @entity1 were experiencing moderate-to-severe eye @entity146 despite prior @entity432 in most cases and frequent use of nonpreserved artificial tears by all. After 2 weeks of topical application, three to four times per day, moderate (43%) or complete (57%) relief of @entity146 symptoms was experienced by all @entity1 and no complications were observed. An average decrease in corneal fluorescein scores of 2.6 +/- 0.5 points (on a 12-point scale) was observed, and @entity1036 resolved in all ten eyes with this condition. Therapy was stopped after 2 weeks in eight @entity1 , and six of these @entity1 reported that their symptoms remained at a tolerable level for weeks to months. Lower dose @entity134 therapy was continued in the remaining @entity1 , whose symptoms worsened after attempted weaning. Complications of corticosteroid therapy in @entity1 receiving prolonged therapy included @entity2790 in one @entity1 at 3 months, worsening of pre-existing posterior subcapsular @entity231 in one @entity1 at 6 months, and formation of posterior subcapsular @entity231 in another @entity1 at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that topical nonpreserved @entity1667 is an effective treatment option for @entity1 suffering from severe @entity9849 sicca who continue to experience bothersome eye @entity146 despite maximum aqueous enhancement therapies. They also suggest that @entity32 is a key pathogenic factor in this condition. Careful monitoring is essential in @entity936 @entity1 treated with @entity288 for more than 2 weeks because @entity134 -related complications ( @entity2790 and @entity231 formation) were observed after several months of therapy in this series. Because of the chronic nature of this disease and the likelihood of @entity1 developing @entity134 -related complications with their long-term use, topical nonpreserved @entity1667 therapy appears to be most appropriate for short-term "pulse" treatment of exacerbations of @entity9849 sicca.

title: Topical nonpreserved XXXX therapy for @entity9849 sicca in @entity751 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['ocular irritation', 'irritation']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['filamentary keratitis']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increased intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Sj  gren syndrome']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['punctal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity8313 :: ('MESH:D008776', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone sodium succinate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy and side effects of topical nonpreserved corticosteroid therapy for treatment of severe @entity9849 associated with @entity751 . DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity751 -associated @entity9849 sicca and annoying @entity146 . INTERVENTION: Treatment with topical nonpreserved @entity8313 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptom severity, frequency of instillation of artificial tears, corneal @entity941 staining scores, resolution of @entity1036 , @entity134 -related side effects. RESULTS: Before starting @entity1667 therapy, all @entity1 were experiencing moderate-to-severe eye @entity146 despite prior @entity432 in most cases and frequent use of nonpreserved artificial tears by all. After 2 weeks of topical application, three to four times per day, moderate (43%) or complete (57%) relief of @entity146 symptoms was experienced by all @entity1 and no complications were observed. An average decrease in corneal fluorescein scores of 2.6 +/- 0.5 points (on a 12-point scale) was observed, and @entity1036 resolved in all ten eyes with this condition. Therapy was stopped after 2 weeks in eight @entity1 , and six of these @entity1 reported that their symptoms remained at a tolerable level for weeks to months. Lower dose @entity134 therapy was continued in the remaining @entity1 , whose symptoms worsened after attempted weaning. Complications of corticosteroid therapy in @entity1 receiving prolonged therapy included @entity2790 in one @entity1 at 3 months, worsening of pre-existing posterior subcapsular @entity231 in one @entity1 at 6 months, and formation of posterior subcapsular @entity231 in another @entity1 at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that topical nonpreserved @entity1667 is an effective treatment option for @entity1 suffering from severe @entity9849 sicca who continue to experience bothersome eye @entity146 despite maximum aqueous enhancement therapies. They also suggest that @entity32 is a key pathogenic factor in this condition. Careful monitoring is essential in @entity936 @entity1 treated with @entity288 for more than 2 weeks because @entity134 -related complications ( @entity2790 and @entity231 formation) were observed after several months of therapy in this series. Because of the chronic nature of this disease and the likelihood of @entity1 developing @entity134 -related complications with their long-term use, topical nonpreserved @entity1667 therapy appears to be most appropriate for short-term "pulse" treatment of exacerbations of @entity9849 sicca.

title: Topical nonpreserved @entity1667 therapy for @entity9849 sicca in XXXX .

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['Sj  gren syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy and side effects of topical nonpreserved corticosteroid therapy for treatment of severe @entity9849 associated with @entity751 . DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity751 -associated @entity9849 sicca and annoying @entity146 . INTERVENTION: Treatment with topical nonpreserved @entity8313 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Symptom severity, frequency of instillation of artificial tears, corneal @entity941 staining scores, resolution of @entity1036 , @entity134 -related side effects. RESULTS: Before starting @entity1667 therapy, all @entity1 were experiencing moderate-to-severe eye @entity146 despite prior @entity432 in most cases and frequent use of nonpreserved artificial tears by all. After 2 weeks of topical application, three to four times per day, moderate (43%) or complete (57%) relief of @entity146 symptoms was experienced by all @entity1 and no complications were observed. An average decrease in corneal fluorescein scores of 2.6 +/- 0.5 points (on a 12-point scale) was observed, and @entity1036 resolved in all ten eyes with this condition. Therapy was stopped after 2 weeks in eight @entity1 , and six of these @entity1 reported that their symptoms remained at a tolerable level for weeks to months. Lower dose @entity134 therapy was continued in the remaining @entity1 , whose symptoms worsened after attempted weaning. Complications of corticosteroid therapy in @entity1 receiving prolonged therapy included @entity2790 in one @entity1 at 3 months, worsening of pre-existing posterior subcapsular @entity231 in one @entity1 at 6 months, and formation of posterior subcapsular @entity231 in another @entity1 at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that topical nonpreserved @entity1667 is an effective treatment option for @entity1 suffering from severe @entity9849 sicca who continue to experience bothersome eye @entity146 despite maximum aqueous enhancement therapies. They also suggest that @entity32 is a key pathogenic factor in this condition. Careful monitoring is essential in @entity936 @entity1 treated with @entity288 for more than 2 weeks because @entity134 -related complications ( @entity2790 and @entity231 formation) were observed after several months of therapy in this series. Because of the chronic nature of this disease and the likelihood of @entity1 developing @entity134 -related complications with their long-term use, topical nonpreserved @entity1667 therapy appears to be most appropriate for short-term "pulse" treatment of exacerbations of @entity9849 sicca.

title: Topical nonpreserved @entity1667 therapy for XXXX sicca in @entity751 .

answer: @entity9849 :: (MESH:D007637,Disease) :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity428 ( @entity428 ) is the most frequent presenting @entity50 ( @entity19312 ). A transient @entity63 attack as an acute mode of onset is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A right handed, forty years old @entity1 with a medical history of recurrent headaches, microcephalia and calcifications in his brain, presenting to the emergency department with left paresis that lasted a few minutes and with a complete recovery. The cerebral and neck magnetic resonance (MR) including MR angiography showed superior sagittal sinus, both transverse sinuses and right sigmoid sinus @entity715 with an increase in size of superficial cerebral venous that drained to the left sigmoid sinus. There was no evidence of @entity932 . The cerebral MR did not show any abnormal parenchymal enhancement ( @entity4 , @entity1416 , @entity548 ) including diffusion-weighted IMR. The digital subtraction angiography (ADC) confirmed the same findings as the MR angiography. The diagnosis was a chronic @entity19312 . We studied @entity64 in a young adult and we did not find other irregularities. The neurological examination was normal when the @entity1 left the hospital with an antiplatelet drug. CONCLUSIONS: Focal @entity51 is an exceptional event of a chronic vein sinus @entity715 during follow-up. Isolated cases regarding an acute time course have been described. The interest of this case lies in the fact that @entity50 rarely has transitory focal deficit in its course and we found no such description as onset symptoms.

title: [Transient @entity63 attack: the only presenting XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial dural malformations']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICHT', 'Intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial or venous infarctions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus thrombosis', 'syndrome of dural vein sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['syndrome of dural sinus thrombosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity428 ( @entity428 ) is the most frequent presenting @entity50 ( @entity19312 ). A transient @entity63 attack as an acute mode of onset is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A right handed, forty years old @entity1 with a medical history of recurrent headaches, microcephalia and calcifications in his brain, presenting to the emergency department with left paresis that lasted a few minutes and with a complete recovery. The cerebral and neck magnetic resonance (MR) including MR angiography showed superior sagittal sinus, both transverse sinuses and right sigmoid sinus @entity715 with an increase in size of superficial cerebral venous that drained to the left sigmoid sinus. There was no evidence of @entity932 . The cerebral MR did not show any abnormal parenchymal enhancement ( @entity4 , @entity1416 , @entity548 ) including diffusion-weighted IMR. The digital subtraction angiography (ADC) confirmed the same findings as the MR angiography. The diagnosis was a chronic @entity19312 . We studied @entity64 in a young adult and we did not find other irregularities. The neurological examination was normal when the @entity1 left the hospital with an antiplatelet drug. CONCLUSIONS: Focal @entity51 is an exceptional event of a chronic vein sinus @entity715 during follow-up. Isolated cases regarding an acute time course have been described. The interest of this case lies in the fact that @entity50 rarely has transitory focal deficit in its course and we found no such description as onset symptoms.

title: [Transient XXXX attack: the only presenting @entity50 ].

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: The optokinetic reflex (OKR) is a basic visual reflex exhibited by most vertebrates and plays an important role in stabilizing the eye relative to the visual scene. However, the OKR requires that an animal detect moving stripes and it is possible that fish that fail to exhibit an OKR may not be completely blind. One @entity3392 mutant, the @entity71096 ( @entity71096 ) has no OKR under any light conditions tested and was reported to be completely blind. Previously, we have shown that OFF-ganglion cell activity can be recorded in these mutants. To determine whether mutant fish with no OKR such as the @entity71096 mutant can detect simple light increments and decrements we developed the visual motor behavioral assay (VMR). In this assay, single @entity3392 larvae are placed in each well of a 96-well plate allowing the simultaneous monitoring of larvae using an automated video-tracking system. The locomotor responses of each larva to 30 minutes light ON and 30 minutes light OFF were recorded and quantified. WT fish have a brief spike of motor activity upon lights ON, known as the @entity427 response, followed by return to lower-than baseline activity, called a freeze. WT fish also sharply increase their locomotor activity immediately following lights OFF and only gradually (over several minutes) return to baseline locomotor activity. The @entity71096 mutants respond similarly to light OFF as WT fish, but exhibit a slight reduction in their average activity as compared to WT fish. Motor activity in response to light ON in @entity71096 mutants is delayed and sluggish. There is a slow rise time of the @entity71096 mutant response to light ON as compared to WT light ON response. The results indicate that @entity71096 fish are not completely blind. Because teleosts can detect light through non-retinal tissues, we confirmed that the immediate behavioral responses to light-intensity changes require intact eyes by using the chokh ( @entity64702 ) mutants, which completely lack eyes from the earliest stages of development. In our VMR assay, the @entity64702 mutants exhibit no @entity427 response to either light ON or OFF, showing that the @entity735 mediate this behavior. The VMR assay described here complements the well-established OKR assay, which does not test the ability of @entity3392 larvae to respond to changes in light intensities. Additionally, the automation of the VMR assay lends itself to high-throughput screening for defects in light-intensity driven visual responses.

title: A behavioral assay to measure responsiveness of XXXX to changes in light intensities.

entities_list: @entity71096 :: ('337236(Tax:7955)', 'Gene') :: ['no optokinetic response c', 'nrc']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['lateral eyes']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A 54 year old @entity1 presented with a @entity28772 . Symmetrically fatty deposits were present on both upper arms, at the abdomen and both thighs. @entity1909 was seen in the axillary fold at the skin bearing surfaces. Shoulder movement was impaired. Liposuction of both upper arms has already been performed, but no significant improvement was obtained. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a dermolipectomy of both upper arms. Postoperatively the @entity1 suffered from a severe wound dehiscence with fulminant wound infection and septic clinical condition. Because of the large wound surface ((1/3) of the upper arm circumference) @entity417 occurred and had to be treated with blood transfusions. Wound exsudation caused a @entity9427 . Multiple surgical debridements were necessary in order to clean the wound from @entity39 tissue and afterwards moist dressings were applied. Furthermore the @entity1 received intravenous antibiotic treatment. After stabilisation of the general condition of the @entity1 and the wound situation a @entity9031 sponge and a vacuum-sealing were applied and continuous suction was performed (125 mm Hg). This resulted in a significant improvement of the wound situation in regards to wound cleaning, induction of granulation tissue, diminished wound size, reduction of @entity4 and @entity158 reduction. After four weeks of vacuum therapy defect coverage was possible and split thickness skin grafting was performed. The skin graft was attached to the wound using a vacuum-dressing. After removal of the vacuum dressing on the fifth day the skin graft has completely healed. DISCUSSION: Vacuum therapy is suitable for disastrous wound conditions in order to achieve a @entity11885 , @entity158 reduction and create a clean wound with granulation tissue for further surgical defect coverage using skin grafts or flaps.

title: [Vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C.) of disastrous wound conditions in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity28772 :: ('MESH:D008069', 'Disease') :: ['Madelung disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['general hypoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity9031 :: ('MESH:D011145', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity11885 :: ('MESH:C538225', 'Disease') :: ['defect size reduction']

answer: @entity28772 :: (MESH:D008069,Disease) :: ['Madelung disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The MRL-Fas( @entity1309 ) @entity19 , an animal that spontaneously develops multisystemic @entity792 , has been proposed as model of immune-mediated @entity389 . Previous studies revealed that this @entity19 manifested elevated auditory brainstem response thresholds, @entity528 of strial cells, and antibody deposition within strial capillaries. As the etiology of the observed strial disease may be immune, genetic, or uremic, a study was designed to attempt to delineate between these possible etiologic factors. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, controlled animal study. METHODS: @entity619 , which is known to suppress autoantibody production and @entity631 in these animals, was administered systemically on a daily basis to experimental animals, beginning at 6 weeks of age. Control animals received no treatment. Animals were allowed to age, with control animals predictably manifesting @entity262 at 20 weeks of age, at which point all animals were sacrificed. RESULTS: Animals receiving @entity619 treatment manifested a significant reduction in serum immunoglobulin levels, @entity706 , and a significant improvement in the level of renal function. However, morphologic analysis revealed a persistence of strial disease despite the elimination of strial antibody deposition. CONCLUSION: The results of this experiment support the hypothesis that genetic mechanisms may be responsible for the observed strial disease. Further studies are under way to confirm these findings.

title: Effects of immunosuppression on the development of cochlear disease in the MRL-Fas( XXXX ) @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hydropic degeneration']

answer: @entity1309 :: (14102(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['lpr']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The MRL-Fas( @entity1309 ) @entity19 , an animal that spontaneously develops multisystemic @entity792 , has been proposed as model of immune-mediated @entity389 . Previous studies revealed that this @entity19 manifested elevated auditory brainstem response thresholds, @entity528 of strial cells, and antibody deposition within strial capillaries. As the etiology of the observed strial disease may be immune, genetic, or uremic, a study was designed to attempt to delineate between these possible etiologic factors. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, controlled animal study. METHODS: @entity619 , which is known to suppress autoantibody production and @entity631 in these animals, was administered systemically on a daily basis to experimental animals, beginning at 6 weeks of age. Control animals received no treatment. Animals were allowed to age, with control animals predictably manifesting @entity262 at 20 weeks of age, at which point all animals were sacrificed. RESULTS: Animals receiving @entity619 treatment manifested a significant reduction in serum immunoglobulin levels, @entity706 , and a significant improvement in the level of renal function. However, morphologic analysis revealed a persistence of strial disease despite the elimination of strial antibody deposition. CONCLUSION: The results of this experiment support the hypothesis that genetic mechanisms may be responsible for the observed strial disease. Further studies are under way to confirm these findings.

title: Effects of immunosuppression on the development of cochlear disease in the MRL-Fas( @entity1309 ) XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of @entity452 / @entity3897 stress echocardiography (DASE) for the detection of @entity8 . METHODS: @entity1 candidates to renal transplant were submitted consecutively to DASE and coronary angiography. The adopted angiographic criteria for @entity453 were an obstructive lesion of > or = 50% and > or = 70%. RESULTS: 148 @entity1 underwent the DASE and the coronary angiography. Mean age was 52 +/- 9 years, 69% of the @entity1 were males; 27% had @entity2316 and 73% had LVH; 63% were asymptomatic; 36% and 22% presented coronary obstructions > or = 50% and 70%, respectively. The DASE performance was 91% and major complication rate was 2.7%. The sensibility, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of coronary obstruction > 50% were 53% (CI:45-61), 87% (CI:81-93), and 75% (CI:63-83) respectively. For coronary obstruction > or = 70% these values were, respectively, 71% (CI:64-92), 85% (CI:79-91) and 81% (CI:75-87). The sensibility to detect univessel and multivessel disease was 41% (CI:19-63) and 78% (CI:64-92), respectively. CONCLUSION: The DASE was practical and safe; however, it presented a poor result for the detection of @entity453 regarding obstructions > or = 50%. It can be a useful screening for the detection of @entity453 in candidates with obstructions > or = 70% and multivessel disease.

title: Feasibility, safety and accuracy of @entity452 / @entity3897 stress echocardiography for the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease (CAD) in renal transplant candidates']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease in renal transplant candidates']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of @entity452 / @entity3897 stress echocardiography (DASE) for the detection of @entity8 . METHODS: @entity1 candidates to renal transplant were submitted consecutively to DASE and coronary angiography. The adopted angiographic criteria for @entity453 were an obstructive lesion of > or = 50% and > or = 70%. RESULTS: 148 @entity1 underwent the DASE and the coronary angiography. Mean age was 52 +/- 9 years, 69% of the @entity1 were males; 27% had @entity2316 and 73% had LVH; 63% were asymptomatic; 36% and 22% presented coronary obstructions > or = 50% and 70%, respectively. The DASE performance was 91% and major complication rate was 2.7%. The sensibility, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of coronary obstruction > 50% were 53% (CI:45-61), 87% (CI:81-93), and 75% (CI:63-83) respectively. For coronary obstruction > or = 70% these values were, respectively, 71% (CI:64-92), 85% (CI:79-91) and 81% (CI:75-87). The sensibility to detect univessel and multivessel disease was 41% (CI:19-63) and 78% (CI:64-92), respectively. CONCLUSION: The DASE was practical and safe; however, it presented a poor result for the detection of @entity453 regarding obstructions > or = 50%. It can be a useful screening for the detection of @entity453 in candidates with obstructions > or = 70% and multivessel disease.

title: Feasibility, safety and accuracy of @entity452 / XXXX stress echocardiography for the detection of @entity8 .

answer: @entity3897 :: (MESH:D001285,Chemical) :: ['atropine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and accuracy of @entity452 / @entity3897 stress echocardiography (DASE) for the detection of @entity8 . METHODS: @entity1 candidates to renal transplant were submitted consecutively to DASE and coronary angiography. The adopted angiographic criteria for @entity453 were an obstructive lesion of > or = 50% and > or = 70%. RESULTS: 148 @entity1 underwent the DASE and the coronary angiography. Mean age was 52 +/- 9 years, 69% of the @entity1 were males; 27% had @entity2316 and 73% had LVH; 63% were asymptomatic; 36% and 22% presented coronary obstructions > or = 50% and 70%, respectively. The DASE performance was 91% and major complication rate was 2.7%. The sensibility, specificity and accuracy for the diagnosis of coronary obstruction > 50% were 53% (CI:45-61), 87% (CI:81-93), and 75% (CI:63-83) respectively. For coronary obstruction > or = 70% these values were, respectively, 71% (CI:64-92), 85% (CI:79-91) and 81% (CI:75-87). The sensibility to detect univessel and multivessel disease was 41% (CI:19-63) and 78% (CI:64-92), respectively. CONCLUSION: The DASE was practical and safe; however, it presented a poor result for the detection of @entity453 regarding obstructions > or = 50%. It can be a useful screening for the detection of @entity453 in candidates with obstructions > or = 70% and multivessel disease.

title: Feasibility, safety and accuracy of XXXX / @entity3897 stress echocardiography for the detection of @entity8 .

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: Isospora suis is a common pathogen in piggeries and one of the main causative agents of scours in suckling piglets. Besides specific treatment, optimised hygiene including chemical disinfection is considered essential in the control of isosporosis. The suitability of the @entity23076 -based product Neopredisan 135-1(R) (NP) to inactivate oocysts in vitro and to reduce infection pressure in commercial piggeries was evaluated. Under in vitro conditions, NP at a final concentration of 2 or 4% induced lysis of more than 95% of sporulated oocysts at a contact time of 30 min and destroyed all oocysts after a contact time of 90 min or more. A total of six trials (T1-T6) were performed on two farms (I and II). T5 was split into two parts, @entity42765 . Two groups of litters kept in farrowing crates either disinfected conventionally before farrowing (controls, group C) or disinfected with 4% dilution of NP before farrowing and with 2% NP one to three times thereafter (group NP) were compared in each trial. Altogether, 81 litters were randomly allocated to group NP and 77 litters to group C (comprising a total of 1,465 piglets). Piglet faeces were collected individually 5 days after birth and six times thereafter in intervals of 2 or 3 days from four piglets per litter and microscopically examined for oocysts of I. suis. @entity294 scores, other clinical data ( @entity272 , coat length etc.), weights and loss of piglets until weaning were recorded. One trial (T3) could not be analysed because of insufficient cleaning before disinfection. In group C, litter prevalence of I. suis ranged between 40 and 80%. The proportion of positive litters was considerably reduced by approximately 50% in disinfected crates except for one trial, and the number of affected piglets decreased by up to 80%. @entity294 and oocyst excretion were significantly associated. @entity294 was less frequently observed in disinfected crates. In general, isosporosis appeared mild to subclinical, and no significant effects of disinfection on other clinical data, @entity1017 and number of weaned piglets were noted. It is concluded that NP efficiently inactivates oocysts of I. suis, and that additional disinfection after farrowing is suited to reduce infection pressure. No clear relation of infection prevalence to the frequency of intermediate disinfection (one, two or three times) was seen, and thus, single intermediate disinfection 1 week after farrowing is considered sufficient.

title: Control of piglet coccidiosis by chemical disinfection with a XXXX -based product (Neopredisan 135-1).

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin turgidity']

answer: @entity23076 :: (MESH:C077977,Chemical) :: ['cresol']


abstract: Fas ( @entity1197 / @entity1197 is a potent inducer of apoptosis and one of the major killing effector mechanisms of cytotoxic T cells. Thus, @entity12 activity has to be tightly regulated, involving various transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. For example, preformed @entity12 is stored in secretory lysosomes of activated T cells, and rapidly released by degranulation upon reactivation. In this study, we analyzed the minimal requirements for activation-induced degranulation of @entity12 . T cell receptor activation can be mimicked by @entity460 ionophore and @entity4621 . Unexpectedly, we found that stimulation with @entity4621 alone is sufficient to trigger @entity12 release, whereas @entity460 ionophore is neither sufficient nor necessary. The relevance of this process was confirmed in primary CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and NK cells. Although the activation of protein kinase(s) was absolutely required for @entity12 degranulation, protein kinase C or A were not involved. Previous reports have shown that preformed @entity12 co-localizes with other markers of cytolytic granules. We found, however, that the activation-induced degranulation of @entity12 has distinct requirements and involves different mechanisms than those of the granule markers @entity5775 and @entity3220 / @entity3220 . We conclude that activation-induced degranulation of @entity12 in cytotoxic lymphocytes is differently regulated than other classical cytotoxic granule proteins.

title: Distinct requirements for activation-induced cell surface expression of preformed Fas/ XXXX ligand and cytolytic granule markers in T cells.

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1197 :: (355,Gene) :: ['CD95']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of school-based strategies for @entity28 prevention and control using methods of systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Peer-reviewed studies published between 1966 and October 2004 were considered for review. Studies meeting eligibility criteria were published in English, targeted @entity1 aged 3-18 in a school setting, reported weight-related outcomes, included a control measurement and had at least a 6-month follow-up period. Studies employed interventions related to nutrition, physical activity, reduction in television viewing or combinations thereof. Weight related data were analyzed using RevMan software. RESULTS: Sixty-four studies were considered for inclusion. Fourteen did not meet inclusion criteria; 29 were excluded due to poor methodological quality. Twenty-one papers describing 19 studies were included in the systematic review and 8 of these were included in the meta-analysis. Nutrition and physical activity interventions resulted in significant reductions in body weight compared with control ((standardized mean difference, SMD=-0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.45 to -0.14), random effects model). Parental or family involvement of nutrition and physical activity interventions also induced @entity353 ((SMD=-0.20, 95%CI=-0.41 to 0.00), random effects model). CONCLUSION: Combination nutrition and physical activity interventions are effective at achieving @entity353 in school settings. Several promising strategies for addressing @entity28 in the school setting are suggested, and warrant replication and further testing.

title: Strategies for the prevention and control of XXXX in the school setting: systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) @entity4562 was assessed in a phase II study in @entity1 with advanced @entity418 . Several biologic features were investigated as potential markers of @entity4562 activity. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity418 , who had failed one line of prior chemotherapy, were administered @entity4562 500 mg/d. Response was evaluated every 8 weeks. Tumor material obtained before @entity4562 treatment was investigated for gene mutations in @entity470 , @entity984 , and @entity10160 ; protein expression levels of @entity470 , p-Akt, and p- @entity22166 ; and @entity470 gene amplification. RESULTS: Of the 36 enrolled @entity1 , one (2.8%) achieved a partial response, 10 (27.8%) had stable disease, 17 (47.2%) experienced progression on treatment, and eight (22.2%) were not assessable for response. The progression-free survival time was 59 days, and the median overall survival time was 164 days. Although @entity470 or @entity10160 mutations were absent, @entity984 mutations were found in two @entity1 with progressive disease. High @entity470 gene copy number was identified in two @entity1 experiencing partial response or progressive disease. A higher disease control rate (response plus stable disease) was observed in females (P = .038) and in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ; P = .013) or high @entity470 expression (P = .002). CONCLUSION: @entity4562 has a modest activity in second-line treatment of advanced @entity418 . However, the @entity1 outcome was significantly better in female @entity1 and in @entity1 demonstrating high @entity470 expression or @entity957 histology. The selection of @entity418 @entity1 for future studies with @entity470 -TKIs based on the level of @entity470 expression in their @entity5 or @entity957 histology should be considered.

title: Predictive factors for outcome in a phase II study of @entity4562 in second-line treatment of advanced XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['Gefitinib', 'gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) @entity4562 was assessed in a phase II study in @entity1 with advanced @entity418 . Several biologic features were investigated as potential markers of @entity4562 activity. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity418 , who had failed one line of prior chemotherapy, were administered @entity4562 500 mg/d. Response was evaluated every 8 weeks. Tumor material obtained before @entity4562 treatment was investigated for gene mutations in @entity470 , @entity984 , and @entity10160 ; protein expression levels of @entity470 , p-Akt, and p- @entity22166 ; and @entity470 gene amplification. RESULTS: Of the 36 enrolled @entity1 , one (2.8%) achieved a partial response, 10 (27.8%) had stable disease, 17 (47.2%) experienced progression on treatment, and eight (22.2%) were not assessable for response. The progression-free survival time was 59 days, and the median overall survival time was 164 days. Although @entity470 or @entity10160 mutations were absent, @entity984 mutations were found in two @entity1 with progressive disease. High @entity470 gene copy number was identified in two @entity1 experiencing partial response or progressive disease. A higher disease control rate (response plus stable disease) was observed in females (P = .038) and in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ; P = .013) or high @entity470 expression (P = .002). CONCLUSION: @entity4562 has a modest activity in second-line treatment of advanced @entity418 . However, the @entity1 outcome was significantly better in female @entity1 and in @entity1 demonstrating high @entity470 expression or @entity957 histology. The selection of @entity418 @entity1 for future studies with @entity470 -TKIs based on the level of @entity470 expression in their @entity5 or @entity957 histology should be considered.

title: Predictive factors for outcome in a phase II study of XXXX in second-line treatment of advanced @entity418 @entity1 .

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) @entity4562 was assessed in a phase II study in @entity1 with advanced @entity418 . Several biologic features were investigated as potential markers of @entity4562 activity. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity418 , who had failed one line of prior chemotherapy, were administered @entity4562 500 mg/d. Response was evaluated every 8 weeks. Tumor material obtained before @entity4562 treatment was investigated for gene mutations in @entity470 , @entity984 , and @entity10160 ; protein expression levels of @entity470 , p-Akt, and p- @entity22166 ; and @entity470 gene amplification. RESULTS: Of the 36 enrolled @entity1 , one (2.8%) achieved a partial response, 10 (27.8%) had stable disease, 17 (47.2%) experienced progression on treatment, and eight (22.2%) were not assessable for response. The progression-free survival time was 59 days, and the median overall survival time was 164 days. Although @entity470 or @entity10160 mutations were absent, @entity984 mutations were found in two @entity1 with progressive disease. High @entity470 gene copy number was identified in two @entity1 experiencing partial response or progressive disease. A higher disease control rate (response plus stable disease) was observed in females (P = .038) and in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ; P = .013) or high @entity470 expression (P = .002). CONCLUSION: @entity4562 has a modest activity in second-line treatment of advanced @entity418 . However, the @entity1 outcome was significantly better in female @entity1 and in @entity1 demonstrating high @entity470 expression or @entity957 histology. The selection of @entity418 @entity1 for future studies with @entity470 -TKIs based on the level of @entity470 expression in their @entity5 or @entity957 histology should be considered.

title: Predictive factors for outcome in a phase II study of @entity4562 in second-line treatment of advanced @entity418 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Avian influenza virus (H5N1) has caused serious infections in @entity1 beings. This virus has the potential to emerge as a pandemic threat in @entity1 . Effective vaccines against @entity778 are needed. A recombinant @entity12638 baculovirus, Bmg64HA, was constructed for the expression of HA protein of H5N1 influenza virus displaying on the viral envelope surface. The HA protein accounted for approximately 3% of the total viral proteins in @entity12638 pupae infected with the recombinant virus. Using a series of separation and purification methods, pure Bmgp64HA virus was isolated from these @entity12638 pupae bioreactors. @entity13923 adjuvant was used for an H5N1 influenza vaccine. Immunization with this vaccine at doses of 2 mg/kg and 0.67 mg/kg was carried out to induce the production of neutralizing antibodies, which protected monkeys against @entity778 . At these doses, the vaccine induced 1:40 antibody titers in 50% and 67% of the monkeys, respectively. The results of safety evaluation indicated that the vaccine did not cause any @entity137 at the dosage as large as 3.2 mg/kg in @entity5434 and 1.6 mg/kg in @entity19 . The results of dose safety evaluation of vaccine indicated that the safe dose of the vaccine were higher than 0.375 mg/kg in @entity35 and 3.2 mg/kg in @entity5434 . Our work showed the vaccine may be a candidate for a highly effective, cheap, and safe influenza vaccine for use in @entity1 .

title: Safety and immunogenicity of H5N1 influenza vaccine based on baculovirus surface display system of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['H5N1 virus', 'influenza virus infection']

entities_list: @entity13923 :: ('MESH:D000536', 'Chemical') :: ['Aluminum hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity12638 :: ('7091', 'Species') :: ['Bombyx mori', 'silkworm']

answer: @entity12638 :: (7091,Species) :: ['Bombyx mori']


abstract: DNA vaccine has become an attractive approach for generating antigen-specific immunity. Targeting antigens to FcRs for IgG (FcgammaRs) on dendritic cells (DCs) has been demonstrated to enhance antigen presentation. @entity13385 ( @entity13385 ) has been shown to increase immune responses not only by promoting coclustering of T cells and DCs in the lymph nodes and spleen but also by regulating their immunogenic potential for the induction of T cell responses. In this study, using @entity1799 E7 as a model antigen, we constructed a chemotactic-antigen plasmid DNA vaccine (pSLC-E7-Fc) by linking @entity13385 and Fc gene sequences to each end of E7 and evaluated its potency of eliciting specific immune response. We found that immunization with pSLC-E7-Fc generated much stronger E7-specific lymphocyte proliferative and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses than control DNA. All the @entity19 receiving pSLC-E7-Fc prophylactic vaccination remained @entity5 free upon subcutaneous inoculation of @entity19 cells, while those given control DNA all developed @entity5 . These @entity5 -free @entity19 were also protected against TC-1 rechallenge. Complete @entity5 regression with long-term survival occurred in 72% of @entity19 given pSLC-E7-Fc as therapeutic vaccination. In experimental lung metastasis model wherein @entity19 cells were intravenously injected, therapeutic vaccination with pSLC-E7-Fc significantly reduced the number of @entity5 nodules in the lung. In vivo depletion with antibodies against CD4+or CD8+ T cells both resulted in complete abrogation of the pSLC-E7-Fc-induced immunotherapeutic effect. Our data indicate that the DNA vaccine constructed by the fusion of @entity13385 and IgG Fc fragment genes to antigen-coding gene is an effective approach to induce potent anti- @entity5 immune response via both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dependent pathways.

title: Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency by sandwiching antigen-coding gene between XXXX ( @entity13385 ) and IgG Fc fragment genes.

entities_list: @entity13385 :: ('18829(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['SLC', 'Secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity13385 :: (18829(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine']


abstract: DNA vaccine has become an attractive approach for generating antigen-specific immunity. Targeting antigens to FcRs for IgG (FcgammaRs) on dendritic cells (DCs) has been demonstrated to enhance antigen presentation. @entity13385 ( @entity13385 ) has been shown to increase immune responses not only by promoting coclustering of T cells and DCs in the lymph nodes and spleen but also by regulating their immunogenic potential for the induction of T cell responses. In this study, using @entity1799 E7 as a model antigen, we constructed a chemotactic-antigen plasmid DNA vaccine (pSLC-E7-Fc) by linking @entity13385 and Fc gene sequences to each end of E7 and evaluated its potency of eliciting specific immune response. We found that immunization with pSLC-E7-Fc generated much stronger E7-specific lymphocyte proliferative and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses than control DNA. All the @entity19 receiving pSLC-E7-Fc prophylactic vaccination remained @entity5 free upon subcutaneous inoculation of @entity19 cells, while those given control DNA all developed @entity5 . These @entity5 -free @entity19 were also protected against TC-1 rechallenge. Complete @entity5 regression with long-term survival occurred in 72% of @entity19 given pSLC-E7-Fc as therapeutic vaccination. In experimental lung metastasis model wherein @entity19 cells were intravenously injected, therapeutic vaccination with pSLC-E7-Fc significantly reduced the number of @entity5 nodules in the lung. In vivo depletion with antibodies against CD4+or CD8+ T cells both resulted in complete abrogation of the pSLC-E7-Fc-induced immunotherapeutic effect. Our data indicate that the DNA vaccine constructed by the fusion of @entity13385 and IgG Fc fragment genes to antigen-coding gene is an effective approach to induce potent anti- @entity5 immune response via both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dependent pathways.

title: Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency by sandwiching antigen-coding gene between @entity13385 ( XXXX ) and IgG Fc fragment genes.

answer: @entity13385 :: (18829(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['SLC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the associations between different levels of long-term physical activity in leisure time and subsequent causes of @entity204 . DESIGN: The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular population study of 19 329 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20-93 in 1976. Physical activity in leisure time was estimated at the examinations in 1976-78 and 1981-83. This analysis consists of 2136 healthy @entity1 and 2758 @entity1 aged 20-79 years, with unchanged physical activity at the two examinations, and with all covariates included in the multivariate analyses: smoking, total- @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 , systolic blood pressure, @entity6 , @entity167 consumption, body mass index, education, income, and forced expiratory volume in 10.78 (% predicted). RESULTS: Adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) for @entity301 were, for moderate physical activity 0.71 (0.51, 0.99) and for high 0.56 (0.38, 0.82). For @entity5 , moderate activity 0.77 (0.61, 0.97) and high activity 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) and for all-cause mortality, moderate 0.78 (0.68, 0.89) and high 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) for both sexes combined. Using Kaplan-Meier plots we calculated gained years of expected lifetime from age 50. @entity1 with high physical activity survived 6.8 years longer, and @entity1 with moderate physical activity 4.9 years longer than sedentary @entity1 . For @entity1 the figures were 6.4 and 5.5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Long-term moderate or high physical activity was in both sexes associated with significantly lower mortality from @entity301 , @entity5 and all-causes. The same tendency was found for @entity64 and @entity1576 , but the associations did not reach statistical significance.

title: Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from @entity301 , XXXX , @entity1576 , and @entity5 . The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the associations between different levels of long-term physical activity in leisure time and subsequent causes of @entity204 . DESIGN: The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular population study of 19 329 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20-93 in 1976. Physical activity in leisure time was estimated at the examinations in 1976-78 and 1981-83. This analysis consists of 2136 healthy @entity1 and 2758 @entity1 aged 20-79 years, with unchanged physical activity at the two examinations, and with all covariates included in the multivariate analyses: smoking, total- @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 , systolic blood pressure, @entity6 , @entity167 consumption, body mass index, education, income, and forced expiratory volume in 10.78 (% predicted). RESULTS: Adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) for @entity301 were, for moderate physical activity 0.71 (0.51, 0.99) and for high 0.56 (0.38, 0.82). For @entity5 , moderate activity 0.77 (0.61, 0.97) and high activity 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) and for all-cause mortality, moderate 0.78 (0.68, 0.89) and high 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) for both sexes combined. Using Kaplan-Meier plots we calculated gained years of expected lifetime from age 50. @entity1 with high physical activity survived 6.8 years longer, and @entity1 with moderate physical activity 4.9 years longer than sedentary @entity1 . For @entity1 the figures were 6.4 and 5.5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Long-term moderate or high physical activity was in both sexes associated with significantly lower mortality from @entity301 , @entity5 and all-causes. The same tendency was found for @entity64 and @entity1576 , but the associations did not reach statistical significance.

title: Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from @entity301 , @entity64 , XXXX , and @entity5 . The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the associations between different levels of long-term physical activity in leisure time and subsequent causes of @entity204 . DESIGN: The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular population study of 19 329 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20-93 in 1976. Physical activity in leisure time was estimated at the examinations in 1976-78 and 1981-83. This analysis consists of 2136 healthy @entity1 and 2758 @entity1 aged 20-79 years, with unchanged physical activity at the two examinations, and with all covariates included in the multivariate analyses: smoking, total- @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 , systolic blood pressure, @entity6 , @entity167 consumption, body mass index, education, income, and forced expiratory volume in 10.78 (% predicted). RESULTS: Adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) for @entity301 were, for moderate physical activity 0.71 (0.51, 0.99) and for high 0.56 (0.38, 0.82). For @entity5 , moderate activity 0.77 (0.61, 0.97) and high activity 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) and for all-cause mortality, moderate 0.78 (0.68, 0.89) and high 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) for both sexes combined. Using Kaplan-Meier plots we calculated gained years of expected lifetime from age 50. @entity1 with high physical activity survived 6.8 years longer, and @entity1 with moderate physical activity 4.9 years longer than sedentary @entity1 . For @entity1 the figures were 6.4 and 5.5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Long-term moderate or high physical activity was in both sexes associated with significantly lower mortality from @entity301 , @entity5 and all-causes. The same tendency was found for @entity64 and @entity1576 , but the associations did not reach statistical significance.

title: Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from XXXX , @entity64 , @entity1576 , and @entity5 . The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the associations between different levels of long-term physical activity in leisure time and subsequent causes of @entity204 . DESIGN: The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular population study of 19 329 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20-93 in 1976. Physical activity in leisure time was estimated at the examinations in 1976-78 and 1981-83. This analysis consists of 2136 healthy @entity1 and 2758 @entity1 aged 20-79 years, with unchanged physical activity at the two examinations, and with all covariates included in the multivariate analyses: smoking, total- @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 , systolic blood pressure, @entity6 , @entity167 consumption, body mass index, education, income, and forced expiratory volume in 10.78 (% predicted). RESULTS: Adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) for @entity301 were, for moderate physical activity 0.71 (0.51, 0.99) and for high 0.56 (0.38, 0.82). For @entity5 , moderate activity 0.77 (0.61, 0.97) and high activity 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) and for all-cause mortality, moderate 0.78 (0.68, 0.89) and high 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) for both sexes combined. Using Kaplan-Meier plots we calculated gained years of expected lifetime from age 50. @entity1 with high physical activity survived 6.8 years longer, and @entity1 with moderate physical activity 4.9 years longer than sedentary @entity1 . For @entity1 the figures were 6.4 and 5.5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Long-term moderate or high physical activity was in both sexes associated with significantly lower mortality from @entity301 , @entity5 and all-causes. The same tendency was found for @entity64 and @entity1576 , but the associations did not reach statistical significance.

title: Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from @entity301 , @entity64 , @entity1576 , and XXXX . The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Surgery for excision of intramedullary @entity4097 without increasing @entity51 is one of the more difficult operations in spinal surgery. In particular, infiltrating @entity816 without a clear cleavage between the @entity5 and normal spinal cord parenchyma are difficult to remove totally without producing additional @entity16 . In this study, we describe a two-stage resection facilitating total resection of intramedullary @entity5 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Three cases of @entity602 were treated using a two-staged method. TECHNIQUE: The first surgery included myelotomy, biopsy and duroplasty. A thin expanded @entity736 sheet was placed between the dorsal surface of the spinal cord and dura mater to prevent adhesions. Two or 3 weeks after surgery, a second surgery was performed to remove the now exophytic @entity5 . RESULTS: Magnetic resonance imaging scans showed exophytic extrusion of the @entity5 in all three cases before the second operation. In each @entity1 , we were able to carry out gross total @entity5 without additional @entity51 except for transient joint position sense loss in one case. All three @entity1 remain neurologically stable without evidence of @entity5 recurrence more than 3 years after surgery. CONCLUSION: A two-stage operation may enhance the surgeon's ability to completely resect extensive low-grade @entity602 and, at the same time preserve neurological function.

title: two-stage operation for resection of XXXX : technical case report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'removal of the tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord astrocytomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Proximal posterior @entity5487 represent a subset of posterior circulation @entity439 that can be routinely treated with either clipping or coiling. The literature contains limited numbers of @entity1 with proximal @entity5487 treated with endovascular surgery. We report our experience with endovascular surgery of proximal @entity5487 with emphasis on @entity1 with poor Hunt-Hess grades. METHODS: We reviewed 31 consecutive @entity1 with proximal @entity5487 who were treated with endovascular surgery. The following data were analyzed: age, sex, size of @entity439 , Hunt-Hess grade at presentation, Fisher grade at presentation, angiographic result after embolization, complications, number of days hospitalized, duration of follow-up, angiographic follow-up results, and Glasgow Outcome Score at follow-up. RESULTS: Excellent angiographic occlusion was achieved in 30 of 31 (97%) @entity1 . Clinical follow-up with Glasgow Outcome Score was performed on every @entity1 an average of 10 months later. Twenty-one of 31 (68%) @entity1 had good outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Score I or II) at follow-up. Of the @entity1 who presented with a favorable clinical grade (Hunt-Hess 0-III), 13 of 15 (87%) had good outcomes at follow-up. Of the @entity1 who presented with a poor clinical grade (Hunt-Hess Grade IV or higher), 8 of 16 (50%) had good outcomes at follow-up. CONCLUSION: This series demonstrates the safety and efficacy of endovascular surgery for proximal @entity5487 . Many @entity1 with poor Hunt-Hess grades from ruptured @entity5487 ultimately had a good outcome. This could be secondary to early, aggressive treatment of @entity1276 and the minimally invasive nature of the endovascular approach.

title: Endovascular surgery for proximal posterior XXXX : an analysis of Glasgow Outcome Score by Hunt-Hess grades.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysms', 'PICA aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity5487 :: (MESH:D014854,Disease) :: ['inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of @entity9940 as an adjunct to management of upper ureteric stones (UUS) with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, open label study, @entity1 with single UUS (for SWL) were randomly assigned into 2 groups based on whether they received 0.4 mg @entity9940 (group A and B, respectively) during treatment. Repeat SWL was performed at week 1, 3, and 5 after first session. Primary outcome variables were success rate and @entity158 intensity. RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity1 (20 each group) completed the requisite follow-up. Success rate was higher in group A after 1 SWL-session (55% vs 25%, respectively; P = .05). There was an insignificant trend of decreased number of days (30.7 +/- 19.7 vs 39.0 +/- 19.9; P = .19), number of SWL sessions (1.6 vs 2.0; P = .10), and @entity158 experienced (score on visual analog scale, 25.3 +/- 17.9 vs 38.3 +/- 28.0, respectively; P = .41) in group A. Three in group A and 6 in B developed steinstrasse (P = .69). Overall, 1 in group A required auxiliary procedures as compared with 3 in control group (P = .60). CONCLUSIONS: @entity9940 improves clearance rate of UUS after single SWL. However, it does not provide significant advantage in terms of decreasing @entity158 associated with this treatment.

title: Is there an adjunctive role of XXXX to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for upper ureteric stones: results of an open label randomized nonplacebo controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamsulosin', 'tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['tamsulosin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elders living with @entity625 perceive chronic daily stress associated with a loss of function. Daily stress has a significant effect on the prediction of @entity308 and decreased life satisfaction in older @entity1 . However, little is known about the nature of the daily stress and coping process from their personal viewpoint. PURPOSE: This study explores stressors in daily life, coping strategies, and social support resources from the perspective of older adults with @entity625 . METHODS: Thirteen older adults with @entity625 participated in semistructured, individual interviews. Content analysis of the interview transcriptions was used. FINDINGS: Results revealed six sources of stress in the daily life of the @entity1 : health, routine tasks, family issues, financial management, social relationships, and living conditions. Three major strategies of coping with daily stress emerged: cognitive efforts, diversional activities, and assertive actions. @entity1 reported a wide range of support resources to deal with daily stress. CONCLUSION: Recommendations for health professionals in assisting clients to minimize the impact of daily stress on mental health by assessing the sources of stress, improving cognitive-behavioral coping techniques, and locating resources are given.

title: An insider perspective of daily stress and coping in elders with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: Echocardiographic and radionuclide techniques are the most common techniques currently used to assess ventricular function. The aim of our study was to assess the performance of two well-known methods for analysis of gated myocardial perfusion with comparison to echocardiography in @entity1 . We analyzed the data from 64 @entity1 referred for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. All underwent echocardiography and stress gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, except 5 who had only rest scintigraphy. We calculated the left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions. The parametric information from the echocardiographic reports was compared to the data obtained using gated myocardial perfusion. The reliability between the quantitative gated scintigraphy, the @entity299 , and echocardiography for end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and ejection fractions in studies performed at rest were calculated at 0.85, 0.86 and 0.97, respectively using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The values in stress studies were 0.83, 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. There was a high correlation, with r more than 0.88, between quantitative gated scintigraphy and the @entity299 for ejection fractions, and end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, in studies performed both under stress and at rest. Weak correlation was observed between quantitative gated scintigraphy and the @entity299 compared to echocardiography, especially when considering ventricular volumes in stress studies. Although high correlation was observed between quantitative gated scintigraphy and the @entity299 , comparison with echocardiography showed poor agreement for both, meaning that scintigraphy is less suitable for assessing left ventricular volumes, and less reliable in assessment of ejection fractions. Echocardiography seems to remain the most widely used and reliable technique for this part of the diagnostic work up.

title: Assessment of cardiac parameters using gated myocardial perfusion and echocardiography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Emory cardiac toolbox']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Some countries have introduced mandatory @entity1501 fortification, whereas others support periconceptional supplementation of @entity1 in childbearing age. Several European countries are considering whether to adopt a fortification policy. Projections of the possible beneficial effects of increased @entity1501 intake assume that the measure will result in a considerable @entity601 ( @entity601 ) in the target population. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the beneficial effects of different levels of @entity1501 administration on the prevalence of @entity601 . Countries with mandatory fortification achieved a significant increase in @entity1501 intake and a significant decline in the prevalence of @entity601 . This was also true for supplementation trials. However, the prevalence of @entity601 at birth declined to approximately five cases at birth per 10 000 births and seven to eight cases at birth or abortion per 10 000 births. This decline was independent of the amount of @entity1501 administered and apparently reveals a 'floor effect' for @entity1501 -preventable @entity601 . This clearly shows that not all cases of @entity601 are preventable by increasing the @entity1501 intake. The relative decline depends on the initial @entity601 rate. Countries with @entity601 prevalence close to the observed floor may have much smaller reductions in @entity601 rates with @entity1501 fortification. Additionally, potential adverse effects of fortification on other vulnerable population groups have to be seriously considered. Policy decisions concerning national mandatory fortification programmes must take into account realistically projected benefits as well as the evidence of risks to all vulnerable groups.

title: Not all cases of neural-tube defect can be prevented by increasing the intake of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in neural-tube defects', 'NTD']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: Standard methods for @entity410 prediction involve passive monitoring of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in order to track the 'state' of the brain. This paper introduces a new method for measuring cortical excitability using an electrical probing stimulus. Electrical probing enables feature extraction in a more robust and controlled manner compared to passively tracking features of iEEG signals. The probing stimuli consist of 100 bi-phasic pulses, delivered every 10 min. Features representing neural excitability are estimated from the iEEG responses to the stimuli. These features include the amplitude of the electrically evoked potential, the mean phase variance (univariate), and the phase-locking value (bivariate). In one @entity1 , it is shown how the features vary over time in relation to the sleep-wake cycle and an @entity302 . For a second @entity1 , it is demonstrated how the features vary with the rate of interictal discharges. In addition, the spatial pattern of increases and decreases in phase synchrony is explored when comparing periods of low and high interictal discharge rates, or sleep and awake states. The results demonstrate a proof-of-principle for the method to be applied in a @entity410 anticipation framework. This article is part of a Supplemental Special Issue entitled The Future of Automated @entity410 Detection and Prediction.

title: Electrical probing of cortical excitability in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizure']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Standard methods for @entity410 prediction involve passive monitoring of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) in order to track the 'state' of the brain. This paper introduces a new method for measuring cortical excitability using an electrical probing stimulus. Electrical probing enables feature extraction in a more robust and controlled manner compared to passively tracking features of iEEG signals. The probing stimuli consist of 100 bi-phasic pulses, delivered every 10 min. Features representing neural excitability are estimated from the iEEG responses to the stimuli. These features include the amplitude of the electrically evoked potential, the mean phase variance (univariate), and the phase-locking value (bivariate). In one @entity1 , it is shown how the features vary over time in relation to the sleep-wake cycle and an @entity302 . For a second @entity1 , it is demonstrated how the features vary with the rate of interictal discharges. In addition, the spatial pattern of increases and decreases in phase synchrony is explored when comparing periods of low and high interictal discharge rates, or sleep and awake states. The results demonstrate a proof-of-principle for the method to be applied in a @entity410 anticipation framework. This article is part of a Supplemental Special Issue entitled The Future of Automated @entity410 Detection and Prediction.

title: Electrical probing of cortical excitability in XXXX with @entity302 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']