abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonesterified @entity1718 (NEFA) play pathophysiological roles in @entity209 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). In this study, we analyzed the fasting NEFA profiles of normoglycemic individuals at risk for @entity2175 ( @entity1 with a recent history of @entity6677 (GDM)) in comparison to controls ( @entity1 after a normoglycemic pregnancy). We also examined the associations of NEFA species with overweight/ @entity28 , body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using LC-MS/MS, we analyzed 41 NEFA species in the fasting sera of 111 @entity1 (62 post-GDM, 49 controls). Clinical characterization included a five-point oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT), biomarkers and anthropometrics, magnetic resonance imaging (n = 62) and a food frequency questionnaire. Nonparametric tests with Bonferroni correction, binary logistic regression analyses and rank correlations were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 after GDM had a lower molar percentage of total @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ; 38.55% vs. 40.32%, p = 0.0002) than controls. At an explorative level of significance several NEFA species were associated with post-GDM status (with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c): The molar percentages of 14:0, 16:0, 18:0 and 18:4 were reduced, whereas those of 18:1, 18:2, 20:2, 24:4, @entity6221 ( @entity8981 ), @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) and total n-6 NEFA were increased. BMI and the amount of body fat correlated inversely with several @entity10194 and @entity8981 and positively with various @entity5204 species over the whole study cohort (abs(  )>= 0.3 for all). 14:0 was inversely and BMI-independently associated with abdominal visceral adiposity. We saw no correlations of NEFA species with insulin sensitivity and the total NEFA concentration was similar in the post-GDM and the control group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found alterations in the fasting NEFA profile associated with a recent history of @entity6677 , a risk marker for @entity2175 . NEFA composition also varied with overweight/ @entity28 and with body fat distribution, but not with insulin sensitivity.

title: Differences in the serum nonesterified Fatty Acid profile of young XXXX associated with a recent history of @entity6677 and overweight/ @entity28 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with permanent cardiac pacemakers occasionally require radiotherapy. Therapeutic irradiation may cause pacemakers to malfunction due to the effects of ionizing radiation or electromagnetic interference. We studied the @entity0 @entity1 who needed breast and/or chest wall and lymph node irradiation to assess the feasibility and tolerance in this population of @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From November 2008 to December 2009, more than 900 @entity1 received radiotherapy for their @entity0 in our department using megavoltage linear accelerator (X 4-6 MV and electrons). Among them, seven @entity1 were with permanent pacemaker. All @entity1 have been treated to the breast and chest wall and/or lymph nodes. Total dose to breast and/or chest wall was 50 Gy/25 fractions and 46 Gy/23 fractions to lymph nodes. @entity1 who underwent conserving surgery followed by breast irradiation were boosted when indicated to @entity5 bed with 16 Gy/8 fractions. All @entity1 were monitored everyday in presence of radiation oncologist to follow the function of their pacemaker. All pacemakers were controlled before and after radiotherapy by the @entity1 ' cardiologist. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 were referred in our department for postoperative @entity0 radiotherapy. Among them, only one @entity1 was declined for radiotherapy and underwent mastectomy without radiotherapy. In four cases the pacemaker was repositioned before the beginning of radiotherapy. Six @entity1 , aged between 48 and 84 years underwent irradiation for their @entity0 . Four @entity1 were treated with conserving surgery followed by breast radiotherapy and two with mastectomy followed by chest wall and internal mammary chain, supra- and infra-clavicular lymph node irradiation. The dose to the pacemaker generator was kept below 2 Gy. There was no pacemaker dysfunction observed during the radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: The multidisciplinary work with position change of the pacemaker before radiotherapy and everyday monitoring permitted the safe treatment of our @entity1 . Updated guidelines are definitely needed with more details about acceptable doses at the different parts of the pacemaker.

title: [Radiotherapy for XXXX and pacemaker].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4858 can have profound social and economic consequences. Here, we describe two cases of war and outdoor activity open @entity4858 where, despite a low @entity8719 score, current microsurgical technology allowed for a favorable outcome. CASE REPORT 1: A 33-year-old Libyan soldier had been treated for an @entity130 to his left eye, which showed light perception and @entity8719 score 2. He had undergone a lensectomy and @entity2286 with silicone oil tamponade. Surgical treatment included @entity5692 , cornea trephination, temporary Eckardt keratoprosthesis, @entity2286 revision, @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) implantation, and corneal grafting. Six months later, his VA was improved to 20/70. CASE REPORT 2: A 35-year-old @entity1 presented with a @entity2687 in his left eye from a meat skewer, with marked hypotony and LP. After primary corneal wound closure, B-scan ultrasonography revealed massive @entity548 ( @entity8719 score 2). The @entity1 underwent open @entity231 extraction with @entity2790 implantation, 23 gauge @entity2286 , laser photocoagulation of the @entity4551 , and a gas tamponade. After three weeks, the @entity1 underwent a 2nd 23G @entity2286 due to a fibrinous reaction. Six month later, the @entity1 exhibited 20/25 VA. CONCLUSION: These cases confirm that even for @entity1 with a low @entity8719 and poor visual prognosis, an up-to-date surgery protocol may achieve visual results adequate for leading an autonomous daily life.

title: Favorable outcome in open globe injuries with low XXXX score.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['Open globe eye injuries', 'globe eye injury']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOL', 'intraocular lens']

entities_list: @entity4551 :: ('MESH:D022125', 'Disease') :: ['retinochoroidal laceration']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal laceration']

entities_list: @entity5692 :: ('MESH:D015422', 'Disease') :: ['scleral buckling']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['open-globe grenade blast trauma']

answer: @entity8719 :: (MESH:D010040,Disease) :: ['OTS']


abstract: The use of fluorinated molecules as drugs and imaging agents for @entity9555 has been studied extensively over the years. Incorporating a @entity2862 atom into the structure of a drug changes its physiochemical properties and can thereby lead to much more desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. This change can help to facilitate blood-brain barrier permeability, which is a critical matter for drugs intended for CNS activities. @entity2862 incorporation into structures of drugs for the treatment of @entity179 has been an attractive field for drug discovery. Such incorporation can greatly influence the physicochemical properties, metabolic stability and receptor binding affinity of the resulting molecule. Some studies have shown that when a proton was substituted with @entity2862 , the binding or inhibitory potency was greatly increased. The @entity2862 -18 isotope, @entity8984 , is utilized in detection and diagnosis of @entity179 , whereas @entity25279 compounds are used in the treatment of these diseases and in MRI. @entity8984 is widely used in PET imaging because it offers the advantage of a longer half-life compared with other radionuclides. It is used for imaging various receptors and transporters that have been linked to @entity179 , such as @entity195 , @entity191 , @entity2033 and @entity9576 . @entity2862 plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of many @entity149 , including @entity179 . The use of @entity2862 in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity179 , such as @entity195 and @entity191 , will be discussed in this review.

title: Fluorinated molecules in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS diseases']

entities_list: @entity9555 :: ('MESH:D001928', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disorders']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine', 'Fluorine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the impact of lifecourse socioeconomic position (SEP) on @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk among African Americans. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) to examine the associations of multiple measures of lifecourse SEP with @entity65 events in a large cohort of African Americans. During a median of 7.2-year follow-up, 362 new or recurrent @entity65 events occurred in a sample of 5301 @entity1 aged 21 to 94. Childhood SEP was assessed by using mother's education, parental home ownership, and childhood amenities. Adult SEP was assessed by using education, income, wealth, and public assistance. Adult SEP was more consistently associated with @entity65 risk in @entity1 than in @entity1 : age-adjusted hazard ratios for low versus high income (95% CIs), 2.46 (1.19 to 5.09) in @entity1 and 1.50 (0.87 to 2.58) in @entity1 , P for interaction=0.1244, and hazard ratio for low versus high wealth, 2.14 (1.39 to 3.29) in @entity1 and 1.06 (0.62 to 1.81) in @entity1 , P for interaction=0.0224. After simultaneous adjustment for all adult SEP measures, wealth remained a significant predictor of @entity65 events in @entity1 (HR=1.73 [1.04, 2.85] for low versus high). Education and public assistance were less consistently associated with @entity65 . Adult SEP was a stronger predictor of @entity65 events in younger than in older @entity1 (HR for high versus low summary adult SEP score 3.28 [1.43, 7.53] for @entity1  <=50 years, and 1.90 (1.36 to 2.66) for @entity1 >50 years, P for interaction 0.0846). Childhood SEP was not associated with @entity65 risk in @entity1 or @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Adult SEP is an important predictor of @entity65 events in African American @entity1 and in younger African Americans. Childhood SEP was not associated with @entity65 events in this population.

title: The impact of lifecourse socioeconomic position on XXXX events in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: The high ambient temperature beyond the range of comfort zone or thermoneutral zone causes environmental @entity8291 ( @entity8291 ). It causes serious physiological dysfunction that may result in @entity66 and even death. The underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of @entity409 following hyperthermic challenge and the possible involvement of oxidative stress to induce oxidative deterioration of liver functions in adult @entity35 are investigated in this study. Cellular damage was assessed in terms of serum @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT) and @entity492 aminotransferase (AST) activities and histology of liver. The effect of @entity221 in altering the oxidative stress was evaluated on the basis of its influence on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status- @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity12609 ( @entity12609 ) and @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) activity. The current study demonstrated that @entity8291 is associated with a complex set of integrated alterations in liver, time-dependent rise in oxidative stress followed by distinct pattern of @entity99 in animals. Heat-induced hepatotoxicity was assessed by increased lipid peroxidation, depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, @entity12609 , GPx and tissue damages revealed by hepatic vacuolization, and widespread @entity39 . The study also revealed that pretreatment with @entity4025 resulted in normalizing these parameters appreciably, emphasizing the therapeutic potentials of this @entity3978 . Taken together, the results suggest that an increase in free radical formation relative to loss of the antioxidant defense system during @entity8291 may render liver more susceptible to oxidative damage, leading to their functional inactivation. However, @entity4025 supplementation can be an effective antidote in the treatment of @entity8291 -induced malfunction.

title: Heat stress-induced hepatotoxicity and its prevention by XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['heat-related diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity8291 :: ('MESH:D018882', 'Disease') :: ['heat stress', 'HST']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity4025 :: (MESH:C059514,Chemical) :: ['resveratrol']


abstract: The high ambient temperature beyond the range of comfort zone or thermoneutral zone causes environmental @entity8291 ( @entity8291 ). It causes serious physiological dysfunction that may result in @entity66 and even death. The underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of @entity409 following hyperthermic challenge and the possible involvement of oxidative stress to induce oxidative deterioration of liver functions in adult @entity35 are investigated in this study. Cellular damage was assessed in terms of serum @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT) and @entity492 aminotransferase (AST) activities and histology of liver. The effect of @entity221 in altering the oxidative stress was evaluated on the basis of its influence on hepatic lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status- @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity12609 ( @entity12609 ) and @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx) activity. The current study demonstrated that @entity8291 is associated with a complex set of integrated alterations in liver, time-dependent rise in oxidative stress followed by distinct pattern of @entity99 in animals. Heat-induced hepatotoxicity was assessed by increased lipid peroxidation, depletion of antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, @entity12609 , GPx and tissue damages revealed by hepatic vacuolization, and widespread @entity39 . The study also revealed that pretreatment with @entity4025 resulted in normalizing these parameters appreciably, emphasizing the therapeutic potentials of this @entity3978 . Taken together, the results suggest that an increase in free radical formation relative to loss of the antioxidant defense system during @entity8291 may render liver more susceptible to oxidative damage, leading to their functional inactivation. However, @entity4025 supplementation can be an effective antidote in the treatment of @entity8291 -induced malfunction.

title: Heat stress-induced hepatotoxicity and its prevention by @entity4025 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity2142 and consequent release of cell-free hemoglobin (CFHb) impair vascular @entity842 (NO) bioavailability and cause oxidative and inflammatory processes. @entity1862 (HU), a common therapy for @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ), induces fetal Hb production and can act as an NO donor. We evaluated the acute inflammatory effects of intravenous water-induced @entity2142 in C57BL/6 @entity19 and determined the abilities of an NO donor, @entity65762 ( @entity65762 ), and a single dose of HU to modulate this @entity32 . Intravenous water induced acute @entity2142 in C57BL/6 @entity19 , attaining plasma Hb levels comparable to those observed in chimeric @entity3458 @entity19 . This @entity2142 resulted in significant and rapid systemic @entity32 and vascular leukocyte recruitment within 15 minutes, accompanied by NO metabolite generation. Administration of another potent NO scavenger ( @entity12739 ) to C57BL/6 @entity19 induced similar alterations in leukocyte recruitment, whereas @entity8868 -induced @entity32 occurred over a longer time frame. Importantly, the acute inflammatory effects of water-induced @entity2142 were abolished by the simultaneous administration of @entity65762 or HU, without altering CFHb, in an NO pathway-mediated manner. In vitro, HU partially reversed the Hb-mediated induction of endothelial proinflammatory cytokine secretion and adhesion molecule expression. In summary, pathophysiological levels of @entity2142 trigger an immediate inflammatory response, possibly mediated by vascular NO consumption. HU presents beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting rapid-onset @entity32 via an NO-dependent mechanism, independently of fetal Hb elevation. Data provide novel insights into mechanisms of @entity32 and further support perspectives for the use of HU as an acute treatment for @entity3458 and other @entity14451 .

title: Acute hemolytic vascular inflammatory processes are prevented by @entity842 replacement or a single dose of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'hemolytic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity12739 :: ('MESH:C079391', 'Chemical') :: ['2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity14451 :: ('MESH:D000745', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis', 'Hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity65762 :: ('MESH:C084012', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylamine NONOate', 'DEANO']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: @entity2142 and consequent release of cell-free hemoglobin (CFHb) impair vascular @entity842 (NO) bioavailability and cause oxidative and inflammatory processes. @entity1862 (HU), a common therapy for @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ), induces fetal Hb production and can act as an NO donor. We evaluated the acute inflammatory effects of intravenous water-induced @entity2142 in C57BL/6 @entity19 and determined the abilities of an NO donor, @entity65762 ( @entity65762 ), and a single dose of HU to modulate this @entity32 . Intravenous water induced acute @entity2142 in C57BL/6 @entity19 , attaining plasma Hb levels comparable to those observed in chimeric @entity3458 @entity19 . This @entity2142 resulted in significant and rapid systemic @entity32 and vascular leukocyte recruitment within 15 minutes, accompanied by NO metabolite generation. Administration of another potent NO scavenger ( @entity12739 ) to C57BL/6 @entity19 induced similar alterations in leukocyte recruitment, whereas @entity8868 -induced @entity32 occurred over a longer time frame. Importantly, the acute inflammatory effects of water-induced @entity2142 were abolished by the simultaneous administration of @entity65762 or HU, without altering CFHb, in an NO pathway-mediated manner. In vitro, HU partially reversed the Hb-mediated induction of endothelial proinflammatory cytokine secretion and adhesion molecule expression. In summary, pathophysiological levels of @entity2142 trigger an immediate inflammatory response, possibly mediated by vascular NO consumption. HU presents beneficial anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting rapid-onset @entity32 via an NO-dependent mechanism, independently of fetal Hb elevation. Data provide novel insights into mechanisms of @entity32 and further support perspectives for the use of HU as an acute treatment for @entity3458 and other @entity14451 .

title: Acute hemolytic vascular inflammatory processes are prevented by XXXX replacement or a single dose of @entity1862 .

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity465 ( @entity465 ) are traditionally considered childhood diseases; however, adults account for 35% of all @entity1 with @entity465 . @entity465 , especially @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ), which have their peak incidence in adulthood, require a high suspicion index. Even though the estimated frequency of @entity6078 is not high (1:25,000), high rates of under diagnosis and under reporting are very likely. The delay in diagnosis increases the morbidity and mortality; therefore, adult physicians should be able to suspect, identify and initiate management of individuals with @entity465 . Here we report the case of a 37 year-old @entity1 presenting to the emergency room with @entity1353 , @entity221 and cough; he developed @entity1576 requiring mechanical ventilation. He complained of recurring @entity55 associated with widespread @entity4595 since he was 18 years old. Serum immunoglobulins quantification showed severe @entity7893 (total IgG <140 mg/dL; total IgA, 2.9 mg/dL; and total IgM <5 mg/dL). Treatment with @entity1 Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) 10% was started, and with antibiotic treatment for severe @entity55 (during 14 days) was also prescribed. His clinical evolution has been favorable after one year follow-up. @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ) diagnosis was made.

title: Disseminated @entity4595 in an adult with common variable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['Common Variable Immunodeficiency', 'CVID']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'Primary immunodeficiencies', 'Antibody deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency']


abstract: @entity465 ( @entity465 ) are traditionally considered childhood diseases; however, adults account for 35% of all @entity1 with @entity465 . @entity465 , especially @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ), which have their peak incidence in adulthood, require a high suspicion index. Even though the estimated frequency of @entity6078 is not high (1:25,000), high rates of under diagnosis and under reporting are very likely. The delay in diagnosis increases the morbidity and mortality; therefore, adult physicians should be able to suspect, identify and initiate management of individuals with @entity465 . Here we report the case of a 37 year-old @entity1 presenting to the emergency room with @entity1353 , @entity221 and cough; he developed @entity1576 requiring mechanical ventilation. He complained of recurring @entity55 associated with widespread @entity4595 since he was 18 years old. Serum immunoglobulins quantification showed severe @entity7893 (total IgG <140 mg/dL; total IgA, 2.9 mg/dL; and total IgM <5 mg/dL). Treatment with @entity1 Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) 10% was started, and with antibiotic treatment for severe @entity55 (during 14 days) was also prescribed. His clinical evolution has been favorable after one year follow-up. @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ) diagnosis was made.

title: Disseminated XXXX in an adult with common variable @entity465 .

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: The estimated prevalence of @entity323 in western societies approximates 7%. A retrospective descriptive study was performed on 282 Icelandic males (mean age 53.5 years, range 19-79) referred for evaluation of @entity323 during the period 1986-1991. Diagnostic modalities included measurements of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and penilebrachial index (PBI), hormonal profile and cavernosography. In 55% the NPT was abnormal. In contrast, only 8.2% of PBI was abnormally low. By logistic regression abnormal NPT results correlated with increasing age. Measurements of hormonal profile was performed in 73.4% of the @entity1 . @entity251 was found to be below normal in 12.1%. However, primary or secondary @entity6126 was only found in 3.9% and elevated prolactin in 2.8%. By cavernosography, venous leakage was demonstrated in 3.2% of the @entity1 and subsequently ligation of the dorsal penile vein was performed. A trial of @entity251 treatment was given in 39.4% of the @entity1 . @entity323 is a common complaint among @entity1 . Psychological factors predominate in young @entity1 and the contribution of somatic etiologic factors increases with age. In the majority of @entity1 relatively simple studies can give useful information on the etiology of @entity323 .

title: [ XXXX among Icelandic males 1986-1991.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence', 'Impotence']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['Impotence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) examines parent- @entity1 bonds and attachment during the first 16years. Our study aims to compare PBI scores between @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity162 ( @entity162 ). METHODS: We analyzed PBI scores in 59 @entity1 with @entity161 , 36 with @entity162 and 52 healthy controls using ANCOVA, with age, gender and years of education as covariates. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. PBI has maternal and paternal scores, each one with two domains: care and overprotection. RESULTS: In PBI maternal and paternal care domains, @entity1 with @entity161 showed significantly higher scores when compared with @entity162 @entity1 (p<0.001). However, when compared with healthy controls, @entity1 with @entity161 only showed significantly higher scores of PBI maternal care domain (p=0.037). @entity162 @entity1 showed significantly lower PBI care scores compared with healthy controls (maternal score: p=0.016; paternal score: p<0.001). In PBI maternal and paternal overprotection domain, @entity162 @entity1 showed significantly higher scores compared with @entity1 with @entity161 (p=0.004; p=0.021) and healthy controls (p=0.014; p=0.008); while no significant difference was observed between @entity1 with @entity161 and healthy controls. "P values" are according to Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in the perception of attachment between @entity161 and @entity162 . This finding may shed some light to better understand the prodromal symptoms of @entity74 .

title: Differences in parental bonding between @entity161 and XXXX : Evidence of prodromal symptoms?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['each disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) examines parent- @entity1 bonds and attachment during the first 16years. Our study aims to compare PBI scores between @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity162 ( @entity162 ). METHODS: We analyzed PBI scores in 59 @entity1 with @entity161 , 36 with @entity162 and 52 healthy controls using ANCOVA, with age, gender and years of education as covariates. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. PBI has maternal and paternal scores, each one with two domains: care and overprotection. RESULTS: In PBI maternal and paternal care domains, @entity1 with @entity161 showed significantly higher scores when compared with @entity162 @entity1 (p<0.001). However, when compared with healthy controls, @entity1 with @entity161 only showed significantly higher scores of PBI maternal care domain (p=0.037). @entity162 @entity1 showed significantly lower PBI care scores compared with healthy controls (maternal score: p=0.016; paternal score: p<0.001). In PBI maternal and paternal overprotection domain, @entity162 @entity1 showed significantly higher scores compared with @entity1 with @entity161 (p=0.004; p=0.021) and healthy controls (p=0.014; p=0.008); while no significant difference was observed between @entity1 with @entity161 and healthy controls. "P values" are according to Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSION: There are significant differences in the perception of attachment between @entity161 and @entity162 . This finding may shed some light to better understand the prodromal symptoms of @entity74 .

title: Differences in parental bonding between XXXX and @entity162 : Evidence of prodromal symptoms?

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1017 at 7q21 is a frequent event in @entity420 ( @entity420 ). However, this event has not been mapped with fine resolution in a large @entity420 cohort, and its association with clinical endpoints and functional relevance are unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used a cohort of 116 @entity1 to fine map the 7q21 amplification using SNP microarrays. Prognostic significance and functional role of 7q21 amplification and its gene expression were explored. RESULTS: Amplification of the 7q21 region was observed in 35% of @entity5 with a focal, minimal amplicon containing six genes. 7q21 amplification was associated with poor survival and analysis of gene expression identified @entity14107 ( @entity14107 ) as the only gene in the minimal amplicon whose expression was also associated with poor survival. A low-level amplification (10%) was observed at the 12q13 region containing the @entity14107 homologue @entity8985 ( @entity8985 ). Both amplification and expression of @entity8985 correlated with poor survival. A combined model of both @entity14107 and @entity8985 expressions is a superior predictor of survival than either alone. Specific knockdown of @entity8985 and/or @entity14107 by siRNAs shows that they are required for proliferation of @entity420 cells and that their function is additive. @entity20406 targets the kinase activity of both molecules and suppresses proliferation and anchorage independence of @entity420 cells through activation of the @entity996 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that @entity14107 is the driver of 7q21 amplification and that both @entity8985 and @entity14107 are prognostic markers and bona fide oncogenes in @entity420 . Targeting these molecules may constitute a viable new therapy for this disease.

title: Early G    cyclin-dependent kinases as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14107 :: ('1021', 'Gene') :: ['CDK6', 'cyclin-dependent kinase 6']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity8985 :: ('1019', 'Gene') :: ['CDK4', 'cyclin-dependent kinase 4']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal gain']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty carries major risks, including @entity204 . Conventional studies have compared the mortality rate following @entity348 with standardized mortality ratios or age and sex-matched populations. The purpose of the present study was to compare the mortality rate in a population of @entity1 who were managed with @entity348 with that in @entity1 who were awaiting surgery. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing primary @entity348 from 2000 to 2007 at a single institution were recorded. In the same period, all @entity1 who were added to the waiting list for @entity348 were recorded. The mortality rate and time to @entity204 were calculated, and @entity204 certificates were retrieved for those who died within thirty or ninety days after the index event. RESULTS: Two thousand, six hundred and ninety-five @entity1 undergoing primary @entity348 were used for the thirty-day mortality calculation, and 2527 were used for the ninety-day mortality calculation. These @entity1 were compared with 5857 and 5689 @entity1 who were added to the waiting list for the thirty-day and ninety-day mortality calculations, respectively. There was no difference between the populations in terms of age or sex (p > 0.05). The thirty-day mortality following surgery was significantly greater for the surgery group (0.371%; 95% confidence interval, 0.202% to 0.682%) than for the waiting list group (0.0683%; 95% confidence interval, 0.0266% to 0.1755%) (odds ratio, 5.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.81 to 16.43). The ninety-day mortality was also significantly greater for the surgery group (0.792%; 95% confidence interval, 0.513% to 1.219%) than for the waiting list group (0.387%; 95% confidence interval, 0.256% to 0.585%) (odds ratio, 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 3.74). CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity348 is associated with an increased risk of @entity204 at thirty and ninety days after the operation when compared with a population awaiting the same procedure. Increasing age was a risk factor for @entity204 following @entity348 .

title: Early XXXX following primary @entity348 .

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty carries major risks, including @entity204 . Conventional studies have compared the mortality rate following @entity348 with standardized mortality ratios or age and sex-matched populations. The purpose of the present study was to compare the mortality rate in a population of @entity1 who were managed with @entity348 with that in @entity1 who were awaiting surgery. METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing primary @entity348 from 2000 to 2007 at a single institution were recorded. In the same period, all @entity1 who were added to the waiting list for @entity348 were recorded. The mortality rate and time to @entity204 were calculated, and @entity204 certificates were retrieved for those who died within thirty or ninety days after the index event. RESULTS: Two thousand, six hundred and ninety-five @entity1 undergoing primary @entity348 were used for the thirty-day mortality calculation, and 2527 were used for the ninety-day mortality calculation. These @entity1 were compared with 5857 and 5689 @entity1 who were added to the waiting list for the thirty-day and ninety-day mortality calculations, respectively. There was no difference between the populations in terms of age or sex (p > 0.05). The thirty-day mortality following surgery was significantly greater for the surgery group (0.371%; 95% confidence interval, 0.202% to 0.682%) than for the waiting list group (0.0683%; 95% confidence interval, 0.0266% to 0.1755%) (odds ratio, 5.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.81 to 16.43). The ninety-day mortality was also significantly greater for the surgery group (0.792%; 95% confidence interval, 0.513% to 1.219%) than for the waiting list group (0.387%; 95% confidence interval, 0.256% to 0.585%) (odds ratio, 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 3.74). CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity348 is associated with an increased risk of @entity204 at thirty and ninety days after the operation when compared with a population awaiting the same procedure. Increasing age was a risk factor for @entity204 following @entity348 .

title: Early @entity204 following primary XXXX .

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite therapeutic effect of hemodialysis in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 , these @entity1 encounter different physical and psychological tensional factors. Physical exercises have beneficial physical and psychological effects on @entity1 under hemodialysis as one of the accessory therapeutic methods. As few studies have been done about the effects of physical exercise on physical and @entity458 in Iran than other countries, we assessed the effect in @entity1 under hemodialysis. METHODS: For this purpose, 43 qualified hemodialysis @entity1 receiving hemodialysis in hospitals of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences were included, but only 35 @entity1 did the exercises for 8 weeks completely. Exercise program was done for 1 hour every session and was composed of ergometer, treadmill and ball playing. Before and after intervention data were collected by interview through a synthetic and adjusted questionnaire. At the end of the intervention, two special questions were added about the improvement of physical and @entity458 . Paired t-test was used to compare the scores of before and after intervention. RESULTS: There were significant differences between scores of before and after intervention considering physical problems including sleep, @entity158 and discomfort, daily activities, and physical function; but about sexual activity, there was not a significant difference between scores of before and after intervention. Psychological problems improved after doing exercises too. About first special question, 85.6% of @entity1 expressed an improvement in physical conditions and about second special question, 91.4% of @entity1 expressed an improvement in psychological conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Since physical exercise improves the physical (physical function, daily activities, @entity158 and discomfort, sleep), and @entity458 , it is suggested that responsible @entity1 prepare equipment for these @entity1 , until they do exercise forever. Nurses would present them the ways of a correct exercise, and doing it in days after hemodialysis, in order to improve physical, and @entity458 in hemodialysis @entity1 , and finally to enhance their quality of life.

title: The effect of physical exercise on physical and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological problems']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological problems']


abstract: Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that have potential applications in the delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. The topical form of @entity3954 (NAG) recently has been considered in the treatment of @entity74 due to its inhibitory effect on thyrosinase enzymes in melanocytes. To improve NAG penetration into the skin we formulated the drug in niosomes and investigated its flux across excised @entity35 skin using Franz diffusion cells. The drug assay was performed by a novel and specific high performance liquid chromatography method. Niosomal vesicles were further characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. Niosomes prepared with @entity33414 produced a drug encapsulation of about 50%. The vesicle size was markedly dependent on the composition of the niosome formulations and was in range of 500-4500 nm ( @entity37977 < @entity33756 < @entity33414 niosomes). @entity33414 -niosomes provided a higher NAG flux across the skin than @entity33756 - and @entity37977 -nisomes. All formulations significantly improved the extent of drug assessed to be localized in the skin (P< 0.05), as compared to NAG hydroalcoholic (HA) solution. Our study demonstrated the potential of niosomes for improved NAG localization in the skin, as needed in @entity74 .

title: Niosome as a drug carrier for topical delivery of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3954 :: ('CHEBI:28009', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation disorders']

answer: @entity3954 :: (CHEBI:28009,Chemical) :: ['N-acetyl glucosamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reports point to the significant role of inflammatory mechanisms in @entity64 . These mechanisms are activated in peripheral blood in response to acute @entity63 injury of cerebral tissues. The aim of this study was to determine whether peripheral inflammatory response to acute @entity63 of the nervous tissue develops during the first twenty-four hours of @entity385 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 53 @entity1 divided into three groups: 25 @entity1 with @entity385 , @entity101 , and/or @entity6 (group I); 17 @entity1 with @entity101 , and/or @entity6 but without @entity64 (group II); 11 young, healthy individuals (group III). @entity310 concentrations in peripheral blood were measured in each group using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Other markers of @entity32 in peripheral blood--C-reactive protein, @entity2002 , and leukocyte count--were assayed as well. The results were analyzed in relation to age, gender, co-morbidities, and blood-brain barrier injury. RESULTS: @entity310 concentrations in peripheral blood of @entity64 @entity1 were similar as in the other two groups. No associations between @entity310 and other inflammatory parameters were found. Injury of the blood-brain barrier was not accompanied by a significant change in the concentration of @entity310 . CONCLUSION: No significant peripheral inflammatory response to @entity2806 develops during the first twenty-four hours of @entity385 . This finding suggests that early anti-inflammatory prevention protocols can be devised to limit further injury of @entity63 nervous tissue caused by activation of inflammatory processes.

title: [Peripheral blood indicators of inflammatory response during the first twenty-four hours of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus, and/or dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The study objective is to compare the prevalence of @entity390 and @entity391 ( @entity16333 ) in singleton and twin gestations conceived via @entity52 ( @entity52 ), and to analyze the impact of associated psychological factors. A cohort study on 45 singleton and 12 twin gestations was conducted at an academic practice. Three validated questionnaires assessing @entity148 ; @entity308 ; and @entity16333 at baseline, 10-12 weeks, and 20-22 weeks gestation were used. The prevalence of @entity16333 was compared between twins and singletons and its association with @entity308 and @entity148 was determined. Significantly more subjects with twin pregnancies reported @entity16333 at 10-12 weeks of gestation. @entity16333 was not associated with baseline @entity308 or @entity148 scores. There were no differences in @entity308 scores between the groups at any time. A trend toward higher @entity148 scores among twin gestations at 10-12 weeks was significant at 20-22 weeks. Within the twin group, @entity148 scores remained stable, but scores for singletons decreased significantly from 10-12 weeks to 20-22 weeks. @entity16333 is more common in the first trimester in twins compared with singletons following @entity52 . In @entity52 pregnancies, @entity148 scores, but not @entity308 scores, are higher in @entity1 with twin gestations. @entity1 undergoing @entity249 treatment should be counseled accordingly when discussing the risks associated with multiple gestations.

title: Correlation between @entity308 , @entity148 , and @entity390 and XXXX during pregnancy in an @entity52 population: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting of pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: The study objective is to compare the prevalence of @entity390 and @entity391 ( @entity16333 ) in singleton and twin gestations conceived via @entity52 ( @entity52 ), and to analyze the impact of associated psychological factors. A cohort study on 45 singleton and 12 twin gestations was conducted at an academic practice. Three validated questionnaires assessing @entity148 ; @entity308 ; and @entity16333 at baseline, 10-12 weeks, and 20-22 weeks gestation were used. The prevalence of @entity16333 was compared between twins and singletons and its association with @entity308 and @entity148 was determined. Significantly more subjects with twin pregnancies reported @entity16333 at 10-12 weeks of gestation. @entity16333 was not associated with baseline @entity308 or @entity148 scores. There were no differences in @entity308 scores between the groups at any time. A trend toward higher @entity148 scores among twin gestations at 10-12 weeks was significant at 20-22 weeks. Within the twin group, @entity148 scores remained stable, but scores for singletons decreased significantly from 10-12 weeks to 20-22 weeks. @entity16333 is more common in the first trimester in twins compared with singletons following @entity52 . In @entity52 pregnancies, @entity148 scores, but not @entity308 scores, are higher in @entity1 with twin gestations. @entity1 undergoing @entity249 treatment should be counseled accordingly when discussing the risks associated with multiple gestations.

title: Correlation between @entity308 , @entity148 , and @entity390 and @entity391 during pregnancy in an XXXX population: a pilot study.

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['in vitro fertilization']


abstract: The study objective is to compare the prevalence of @entity390 and @entity391 ( @entity16333 ) in singleton and twin gestations conceived via @entity52 ( @entity52 ), and to analyze the impact of associated psychological factors. A cohort study on 45 singleton and 12 twin gestations was conducted at an academic practice. Three validated questionnaires assessing @entity148 ; @entity308 ; and @entity16333 at baseline, 10-12 weeks, and 20-22 weeks gestation were used. The prevalence of @entity16333 was compared between twins and singletons and its association with @entity308 and @entity148 was determined. Significantly more subjects with twin pregnancies reported @entity16333 at 10-12 weeks of gestation. @entity16333 was not associated with baseline @entity308 or @entity148 scores. There were no differences in @entity308 scores between the groups at any time. A trend toward higher @entity148 scores among twin gestations at 10-12 weeks was significant at 20-22 weeks. Within the twin group, @entity148 scores remained stable, but scores for singletons decreased significantly from 10-12 weeks to 20-22 weeks. @entity16333 is more common in the first trimester in twins compared with singletons following @entity52 . In @entity52 pregnancies, @entity148 scores, but not @entity308 scores, are higher in @entity1 with twin gestations. @entity1 undergoing @entity249 treatment should be counseled accordingly when discussing the risks associated with multiple gestations.

title: Correlation between XXXX , @entity148 , and @entity390 and @entity391 during pregnancy in an @entity52 population: a pilot study.

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The study objective is to compare the prevalence of @entity390 and @entity391 ( @entity16333 ) in singleton and twin gestations conceived via @entity52 ( @entity52 ), and to analyze the impact of associated psychological factors. A cohort study on 45 singleton and 12 twin gestations was conducted at an academic practice. Three validated questionnaires assessing @entity148 ; @entity308 ; and @entity16333 at baseline, 10-12 weeks, and 20-22 weeks gestation were used. The prevalence of @entity16333 was compared between twins and singletons and its association with @entity308 and @entity148 was determined. Significantly more subjects with twin pregnancies reported @entity16333 at 10-12 weeks of gestation. @entity16333 was not associated with baseline @entity308 or @entity148 scores. There were no differences in @entity308 scores between the groups at any time. A trend toward higher @entity148 scores among twin gestations at 10-12 weeks was significant at 20-22 weeks. Within the twin group, @entity148 scores remained stable, but scores for singletons decreased significantly from 10-12 weeks to 20-22 weeks. @entity16333 is more common in the first trimester in twins compared with singletons following @entity52 . In @entity52 pregnancies, @entity148 scores, but not @entity308 scores, are higher in @entity1 with twin gestations. @entity1 undergoing @entity249 treatment should be counseled accordingly when discussing the risks associated with multiple gestations.

title: Correlation between @entity308 , XXXX , and @entity390 and @entity391 during pregnancy in an @entity52 population: a pilot study.

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: The study objective is to compare the prevalence of @entity390 and @entity391 ( @entity16333 ) in singleton and twin gestations conceived via @entity52 ( @entity52 ), and to analyze the impact of associated psychological factors. A cohort study on 45 singleton and 12 twin gestations was conducted at an academic practice. Three validated questionnaires assessing @entity148 ; @entity308 ; and @entity16333 at baseline, 10-12 weeks, and 20-22 weeks gestation were used. The prevalence of @entity16333 was compared between twins and singletons and its association with @entity308 and @entity148 was determined. Significantly more subjects with twin pregnancies reported @entity16333 at 10-12 weeks of gestation. @entity16333 was not associated with baseline @entity308 or @entity148 scores. There were no differences in @entity308 scores between the groups at any time. A trend toward higher @entity148 scores among twin gestations at 10-12 weeks was significant at 20-22 weeks. Within the twin group, @entity148 scores remained stable, but scores for singletons decreased significantly from 10-12 weeks to 20-22 weeks. @entity16333 is more common in the first trimester in twins compared with singletons following @entity52 . In @entity52 pregnancies, @entity148 scores, but not @entity308 scores, are higher in @entity1 with twin gestations. @entity1 undergoing @entity249 treatment should be counseled accordingly when discussing the risks associated with multiple gestations.

title: Correlation between @entity308 , @entity148 , and XXXX and @entity391 during pregnancy in an @entity52 population: a pilot study.

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biopsy specimens are often obtained in the evaluation of hematogenous @entity4034 . The effect of prebiopsy antibiotic exposure on pathogen recovery is unknown. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult inpatients with hematogenous @entity4034 at a tertiary care hospital from 1 January 2003 through 31 July 2007. Antibiotic exposure within 14 days before biopsy was evaluated. RESULTS: Of 150 @entity1 with hematogenous @entity4034 , 92 (61%) underwent a biopsy (60 [65%] needle and 32 [35%] open biopsies). The median time from admission to biopsy was 3 days (range, 0-69 days). @entity1 who underwent biopsy were more likely to have @entity425 (53 [58%] biopsy vs 15 [26%] no biopsy; P<.001) and sensory loss (27 [29%] vs 6 [10%]; P=.006), but were less likely to have a positive blood culture result (28 [30%] vs 30 [52%]; P=.01). Pathogens were recovered in 61 @entity1 (66%). Open biopsy had a higher yield than needle biopsy (29 [91%] of 32 vs 32 [53%] of 60; P<.001). Sixty @entity1 (65%) who had biopsies performed received antibiotics  <=14 days before the procedure (median duration, 4 days; range, 1-37 days). Open biopsy predicted positive biopsy culture results (adjusted odds ratio, 8.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-31.8), but there was no association of prebiopsy antibiotics with culture results (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-6.2). CONCLUSIONS: A pathogen was recovered from 61 (66%) of 92 @entity1 who had biopsies performed in this cohort of hematogenous @entity4034 . Open biopsies had a higher microbiological yield than did needle biopsies. Antibiotic exposure before biopsy did not negatively impact pathogen recovery and should not be the sole reason for foregoing biopsies.

title: The impact of prebiopsy antibiotics on pathogen recovery in hematogenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['vertebral osteomyelitis']


abstract: Recipient preparation is of prime importance for the successful transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). @entity1863 destroys endogenous germs cells and is commonly used for recipient preparation. However, @entity1863 produces significant side effects, including systemic @entity137 , and it is lethal in certain species. The side effects associated with @entity1863 compromise the efficiency of SSC transplantation and threaten the safety of recipients. Here, we show that @entity1457 treatment of testes can be used as an alternative to @entity1863 treatment. Fourteen days after @entity1457 treatment, @entity19 received a testicular injection of donor germ cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). @entity1863 -treated @entity19 were used as controls. Two months after transplantation, the number (12    1 mm) and length (30.46    5.23 mm) of EGFP-expressing testicular colonies in @entity1457 -treated recipients were not significantly different from those in @entity1863 -treated recipients. Furthermore, healthy EGFP-expressing offspring were obtained after intracytoplasmic injection of round spermatids recovered from @entity1457 -treated recipients. This result indicates that donor SSCs undergo complete spermatogenesis in the @entity1457 -treated testes of recipients. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using @entity1457 for the preparation of recipients before SSC transplantation in @entity19 . @entity1457 may prove to be useful for recipient preparation in @entity1 species in which @entity1863 produces significant @entity137 .

title: Efficient and safe recipient preparation for transplantation of @entity19 spermatogonial stem cells: pretreating testes with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['Busulfan', 'busulfan']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: Recipient preparation is of prime importance for the successful transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). @entity1863 destroys endogenous germs cells and is commonly used for recipient preparation. However, @entity1863 produces significant side effects, including systemic @entity137 , and it is lethal in certain species. The side effects associated with @entity1863 compromise the efficiency of SSC transplantation and threaten the safety of recipients. Here, we show that @entity1457 treatment of testes can be used as an alternative to @entity1863 treatment. Fourteen days after @entity1457 treatment, @entity19 received a testicular injection of donor germ cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). @entity1863 -treated @entity19 were used as controls. Two months after transplantation, the number (12    1 mm) and length (30.46    5.23 mm) of EGFP-expressing testicular colonies in @entity1457 -treated recipients were not significantly different from those in @entity1863 -treated recipients. Furthermore, healthy EGFP-expressing offspring were obtained after intracytoplasmic injection of round spermatids recovered from @entity1457 -treated recipients. This result indicates that donor SSCs undergo complete spermatogenesis in the @entity1457 -treated testes of recipients. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using @entity1457 for the preparation of recipients before SSC transplantation in @entity19 . @entity1457 may prove to be useful for recipient preparation in @entity1 species in which @entity1863 produces significant @entity137 .

title: Efficient and safe recipient preparation for transplantation of XXXX spermatogonial stem cells: pretreating testes with @entity1457 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIM: There is evidence supporting the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in aortic and abdominal wall connective tissue degeneration, resulting in @entity439 and @entity547 formation. Furthermore, clinical association studies have demonstrated increased prevalence of abdominal wall hernias in @entity1 with @entity449 . Our objective was to estimate the levels of MMPs and TIMPs in the blood of @entity1 with @entity449 and @entity169 , in order to investigate whether there is potential pathogenic linkage of impaired collagen metabolism. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of @entity1495 , @entity1476 , @entity2843 and @entity1552 were quantified using ELISA in 33 male @entity1 with @entity1028 and 91 male @entity1 with @entity169 . They were consecutive @entity1 undergoing repair during the study period. The same substances were measured in 35 healthy male controls. RESULTS: @entity1495 and @entity1476 concentrations were lower in the plasma of @entity1 with @entity169 and @entity1028 than controls, with @entity547 @entity1 having the lowest circulating levels. The levels of @entity1552 were significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity169 and significantly reduced in @entity1 with @entity449 , whereas opposite correlations were found for circulating @entity2843 . CONCLUSION: Different patterns of circulating MMP and @entity2843 levels were found in @entity1 with @entity439 and @entity547 compared with controls. Underlying pathogenic processes implicating MMPs and TIMPs in connective tissue metabolism are expressed by differing plasma levels in the two disease states. Further research including combined plasma and tissue analyses is required to further investigate potential common pathogenesis of these diseases.

title: Circulating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in XXXX and @entity1028 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: AIM: There is evidence supporting the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in aortic and abdominal wall connective tissue degeneration, resulting in @entity439 and @entity547 formation. Furthermore, clinical association studies have demonstrated increased prevalence of abdominal wall hernias in @entity1 with @entity449 . Our objective was to estimate the levels of MMPs and TIMPs in the blood of @entity1 with @entity449 and @entity169 , in order to investigate whether there is potential pathogenic linkage of impaired collagen metabolism. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of @entity1495 , @entity1476 , @entity2843 and @entity1552 were quantified using ELISA in 33 male @entity1 with @entity1028 and 91 male @entity1 with @entity169 . They were consecutive @entity1 undergoing repair during the study period. The same substances were measured in 35 healthy male controls. RESULTS: @entity1495 and @entity1476 concentrations were lower in the plasma of @entity1 with @entity169 and @entity1028 than controls, with @entity547 @entity1 having the lowest circulating levels. The levels of @entity1552 were significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity169 and significantly reduced in @entity1 with @entity449 , whereas opposite correlations were found for circulating @entity2843 . CONCLUSION: Different patterns of circulating MMP and @entity2843 levels were found in @entity1 with @entity439 and @entity547 compared with controls. Underlying pathogenic processes implicating MMPs and TIMPs in connective tissue metabolism are expressed by differing plasma levels in the two disease states. Further research including combined plasma and tissue analyses is required to further investigate potential common pathogenesis of these diseases.

title: Circulating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in @entity169 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-risk @entity1 papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) can be detected in a proportion of @entity1489 . Data on prevalence are inconclusive, but are essential to estimate the relevance of HR-HPV, particularly with regard to prophylactic HPV vaccines for @entity1489 prevention. METHODS: High-risk @entity1082 DNA was investigated in 140 non-melanoma @entity272 from 54 immunocompetent @entity1 and 33 immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients. Expression of @entity986 ( @entity986 ), a marker for HR-HPV oncogene expression in the uterine cervix, and of @entity876 and @entity996 was evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The highest prevalence of HR-HPV was found in @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ) (46.2% (6 out of 13) in immunosuppressed and 23.5% (4 out of 17) in immunocompetent @entity1 ). High-risk @entity1082 positivity was accompanied by diffuse @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression in most @entity1544 (P<0.001) and @entity5702 (P=0.02), while almost all @entity1544 in situ were @entity986 ( @entity986 ) positive irrespective of HR-HPV presence (P=0.66). Diffuse @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression was associated with lack of @entity996 expression (P=0.001). @entity876 was strongly expressed in 40.0% (56 out of 140) of the lesions irrespective of HR-HPV presence. CONCLUSION: High-risk @entity1082 can be detected in lesions of keratinised squamous epithelia. The association of HR-HPV with diffuse @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression might indicate HR-HPV oncogene expression in a proportion of lesions. Overexpression of @entity876 suggests @entity876 pathway alterations in @entity75 .

title: High-risk XXXX in non-melanoma @entity272 from renal allograft recipients and immunocompetent @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HR-HPV-positive and -negative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer', 'non-melanoma skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell cancers']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-risk @entity1 papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) can be detected in a proportion of @entity1489 . Data on prevalence are inconclusive, but are essential to estimate the relevance of HR-HPV, particularly with regard to prophylactic HPV vaccines for @entity1489 prevention. METHODS: High-risk @entity1082 DNA was investigated in 140 non-melanoma @entity272 from 54 immunocompetent @entity1 and 33 immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients. Expression of @entity986 ( @entity986 ), a marker for HR-HPV oncogene expression in the uterine cervix, and of @entity876 and @entity996 was evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The highest prevalence of HR-HPV was found in @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ) (46.2% (6 out of 13) in immunosuppressed and 23.5% (4 out of 17) in immunocompetent @entity1 ). High-risk @entity1082 positivity was accompanied by diffuse @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression in most @entity1544 (P<0.001) and @entity5702 (P=0.02), while almost all @entity1544 in situ were @entity986 ( @entity986 ) positive irrespective of HR-HPV presence (P=0.66). Diffuse @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression was associated with lack of @entity996 expression (P=0.001). @entity876 was strongly expressed in 40.0% (56 out of 140) of the lesions irrespective of HR-HPV presence. CONCLUSION: High-risk @entity1082 can be detected in lesions of keratinised squamous epithelia. The association of HR-HPV with diffuse @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression might indicate HR-HPV oncogene expression in a proportion of lesions. Overexpression of @entity876 suggests @entity876 pathway alterations in @entity75 .

title: High-risk @entity1082 in non-melanoma XXXX from renal allograft recipients and immunocompetent @entity1 .

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-risk @entity1 papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) can be detected in a proportion of @entity1489 . Data on prevalence are inconclusive, but are essential to estimate the relevance of HR-HPV, particularly with regard to prophylactic HPV vaccines for @entity1489 prevention. METHODS: High-risk @entity1082 DNA was investigated in 140 non-melanoma @entity272 from 54 immunocompetent @entity1 and 33 immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients. Expression of @entity986 ( @entity986 ), a marker for HR-HPV oncogene expression in the uterine cervix, and of @entity876 and @entity996 was evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The highest prevalence of HR-HPV was found in @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ) (46.2% (6 out of 13) in immunosuppressed and 23.5% (4 out of 17) in immunocompetent @entity1 ). High-risk @entity1082 positivity was accompanied by diffuse @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression in most @entity1544 (P<0.001) and @entity5702 (P=0.02), while almost all @entity1544 in situ were @entity986 ( @entity986 ) positive irrespective of HR-HPV presence (P=0.66). Diffuse @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression was associated with lack of @entity996 expression (P=0.001). @entity876 was strongly expressed in 40.0% (56 out of 140) of the lesions irrespective of HR-HPV presence. CONCLUSION: High-risk @entity1082 can be detected in lesions of keratinised squamous epithelia. The association of HR-HPV with diffuse @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression might indicate HR-HPV oncogene expression in a proportion of lesions. Overexpression of @entity876 suggests @entity876 pathway alterations in @entity75 .

title: High-risk @entity1082 in non-melanoma @entity272 from renal allograft recipients and immunocompetent XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1759 is a member of the cell adhesion molecules family. Naturally, CD44S, along with CD44V3 influence the cell motility, migration, and adhesion, while in @entity5 cells they lead to @entity5 invasion, progression, and @entity3 . The purpose of this research is to evaluate the CD44S and CD44V3 expression in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) and to reveal their correlations with clinicopathological features of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh tumoral and distant @entity5 -free esophageal tissues were obtained from 50 @entity1 with @entity1721 . Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression levels of CD44S and CD44V3 were quantified and compared in both groups of cells. The @entity1 had not received any therapeutic interference, such as chemotherapy or radiation, prior to sampling. RESULTS: Significant overexpression of CD44S and CD44V3 mRNA was observed in 13 (26.0%, P=0.03) and 11 (22.0%, P=0.007) @entity5 specimens, respectively. The expression of the genes were significantly correlated not only with each other (P=0.0001), but also with differentiation grade of @entity5 (P=0.033), stage of @entity5 progression (P=0.003), and depth of @entity5 invasion (P=0.00). In addition, low level of CD44V3 mRNA expression was attended to be associated with @entity5 invasion. CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between @entity1759 S expression with clinicopathological features of @entity1 ; however, simultaneous expression of these genes has an important effect on tumorigenesis.

title: Expression analysis of XXXX isoforms S and V3, in @entity1 with @entity1721 .

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma', 'ESCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1759 :: (960,Gene) :: ['CD44']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1759 is a member of the cell adhesion molecules family. Naturally, CD44S, along with CD44V3 influence the cell motility, migration, and adhesion, while in @entity5 cells they lead to @entity5 invasion, progression, and @entity3 . The purpose of this research is to evaluate the CD44S and CD44V3 expression in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) and to reveal their correlations with clinicopathological features of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh tumoral and distant @entity5 -free esophageal tissues were obtained from 50 @entity1 with @entity1721 . Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression levels of CD44S and CD44V3 were quantified and compared in both groups of cells. The @entity1 had not received any therapeutic interference, such as chemotherapy or radiation, prior to sampling. RESULTS: Significant overexpression of CD44S and CD44V3 mRNA was observed in 13 (26.0%, P=0.03) and 11 (22.0%, P=0.007) @entity5 specimens, respectively. The expression of the genes were significantly correlated not only with each other (P=0.0001), but also with differentiation grade of @entity5 (P=0.033), stage of @entity5 progression (P=0.003), and depth of @entity5 invasion (P=0.00). In addition, low level of CD44V3 mRNA expression was attended to be associated with @entity5 invasion. CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between @entity1759 S expression with clinicopathological features of @entity1 ; however, simultaneous expression of these genes has an important effect on tumorigenesis.

title: Expression analysis of @entity1759 isoforms S and V3, in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1759 is a member of the cell adhesion molecules family. Naturally, CD44S, along with CD44V3 influence the cell motility, migration, and adhesion, while in @entity5 cells they lead to @entity5 invasion, progression, and @entity3 . The purpose of this research is to evaluate the CD44S and CD44V3 expression in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) and to reveal their correlations with clinicopathological features of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh tumoral and distant @entity5 -free esophageal tissues were obtained from 50 @entity1 with @entity1721 . Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression levels of CD44S and CD44V3 were quantified and compared in both groups of cells. The @entity1 had not received any therapeutic interference, such as chemotherapy or radiation, prior to sampling. RESULTS: Significant overexpression of CD44S and CD44V3 mRNA was observed in 13 (26.0%, P=0.03) and 11 (22.0%, P=0.007) @entity5 specimens, respectively. The expression of the genes were significantly correlated not only with each other (P=0.0001), but also with differentiation grade of @entity5 (P=0.033), stage of @entity5 progression (P=0.003), and depth of @entity5 invasion (P=0.00). In addition, low level of CD44V3 mRNA expression was attended to be associated with @entity5 invasion. CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between @entity1759 S expression with clinicopathological features of @entity1 ; however, simultaneous expression of these genes has an important effect on tumorigenesis.

title: Expression analysis of @entity1759 isoforms S and V3, in XXXX with @entity1721 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Hyperphosphataemia is a clinical consequence of the advanced stages of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). Considerable evidence points to a role of hyperphosphataemia in the pathogenesis of @entity740 -associated @entity65 , including @entity729 , and with increased all-cause and CV mortality. These observations place management of hyperphosphataemia at the centre of @entity740 treatment. Although our increased understanding of the physiological role of @entity11648 may provide a long-term alternative biomarker of @entity4613 load and underlying disease progression, regular determination of serum @entity4613 is currently the most frequently used parameter to evaluate @entity4613 load in clinical practice. This review considers the challenges physicians and @entity1 face in trying to control hyperphosphataemia. Amongst these are the limitations of dietary @entity4613 restriction, giving rise to the need for @entity4613 binder therapy to maintain serum @entity4613 control. Once the decision to use @entity4613 binders has been made, considerations include the relative efficacy, different potential side effects and pill burden associated with various @entity4613 binders. Although a number of @entity4613 binders are available, adherence poses a major obstacle to effective treatment. This emphasizes that further improvements to @entity4613 binder therapy can be made. Evaluation of novel agents and their potential role in the clinic should continue.

title: Management of hyperphosphataemia in XXXX -challenges and solutions.

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular (CV) complications']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the preparation and evaluation of dry powder formulations of recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 (rhIL-2)-loaded microparticles to be administered to the lung by inhalation. METHODS: As indicated in our previous study, the microparticles were prepared by modified water-in-oil-in-water (w(1)/o/w(3)) double emulsion solvent extraction method using @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) polymers. The dry powder formulations were prepared with blending of microparticles and @entity2656 as a coarse carrier. The actual aerodynamic characteristics of the microparticles alone and prepared mixtures with @entity2656 are evaluated by using the eight-stage Andersen cascade impactor. RESULTS: Due to the low tapped density of microparticles (<0.4 g/cm(3)), the theoretical aerodynamic diameter (MMADt) values were calculated (<5  m) on the basis of the geometrical particle diameter and tapped density values. The lowest tapped density value (0.17 g/cm(3)) belongs to the cyclodextrin-containing formulation. According to the results obtained using the cascade impactor, the emitted doses for all microparticle formulations were found to be rather high and during the aerosolization for all the formulations except F3 and F5, >90% of the capsule content was determined to be released. However, the actual aerodynamic diameter (MMADa) values were seen to be higher than the MMADt values. The blending of the microparticles with @entity2656 allowed their aerodynamic diameters to decrease and their fine particle fraction values to increase. CONCLUSION: The obtained results have shown that the mixing of rhIL-2-loaded microparticles with @entity2656 possess suitable aerodynamic characteristics to be administered to the lungs by inhalation.

title: Preparation and evaluation of XXXX microparticles as a carrier for pulmonary delivery of recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 : II. In vitro studies on aerodynamic properties of dry powder inhaler formulations.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['PLGA', 'poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)']

answer: @entity7050 :: (MESH:C043435,Chemical) :: ['poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the preparation and evaluation of dry powder formulations of recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 (rhIL-2)-loaded microparticles to be administered to the lung by inhalation. METHODS: As indicated in our previous study, the microparticles were prepared by modified water-in-oil-in-water (w(1)/o/w(3)) double emulsion solvent extraction method using @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) polymers. The dry powder formulations were prepared with blending of microparticles and @entity2656 as a coarse carrier. The actual aerodynamic characteristics of the microparticles alone and prepared mixtures with @entity2656 are evaluated by using the eight-stage Andersen cascade impactor. RESULTS: Due to the low tapped density of microparticles (<0.4 g/cm(3)), the theoretical aerodynamic diameter (MMADt) values were calculated (<5  m) on the basis of the geometrical particle diameter and tapped density values. The lowest tapped density value (0.17 g/cm(3)) belongs to the cyclodextrin-containing formulation. According to the results obtained using the cascade impactor, the emitted doses for all microparticle formulations were found to be rather high and during the aerosolization for all the formulations except F3 and F5, >90% of the capsule content was determined to be released. However, the actual aerodynamic diameter (MMADa) values were seen to be higher than the MMADt values. The blending of the microparticles with @entity2656 allowed their aerodynamic diameters to decrease and their fine particle fraction values to increase. CONCLUSION: The obtained results have shown that the mixing of rhIL-2-loaded microparticles with @entity2656 possess suitable aerodynamic characteristics to be administered to the lungs by inhalation.

title: Preparation and evaluation of @entity7050 microparticles as a carrier for pulmonary delivery of recombinant @entity1 XXXX : II. In vitro studies on aerodynamic properties of dry powder inhaler formulations.

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the preparation and evaluation of dry powder formulations of recombinant @entity1 @entity1199 (rhIL-2)-loaded microparticles to be administered to the lung by inhalation. METHODS: As indicated in our previous study, the microparticles were prepared by modified water-in-oil-in-water (w(1)/o/w(3)) double emulsion solvent extraction method using @entity7050 ( @entity7050 ) polymers. The dry powder formulations were prepared with blending of microparticles and @entity2656 as a coarse carrier. The actual aerodynamic characteristics of the microparticles alone and prepared mixtures with @entity2656 are evaluated by using the eight-stage Andersen cascade impactor. RESULTS: Due to the low tapped density of microparticles (<0.4 g/cm(3)), the theoretical aerodynamic diameter (MMADt) values were calculated (<5  m) on the basis of the geometrical particle diameter and tapped density values. The lowest tapped density value (0.17 g/cm(3)) belongs to the cyclodextrin-containing formulation. According to the results obtained using the cascade impactor, the emitted doses for all microparticle formulations were found to be rather high and during the aerosolization for all the formulations except F3 and F5, >90% of the capsule content was determined to be released. However, the actual aerodynamic diameter (MMADa) values were seen to be higher than the MMADt values. The blending of the microparticles with @entity2656 allowed their aerodynamic diameters to decrease and their fine particle fraction values to increase. CONCLUSION: The obtained results have shown that the mixing of rhIL-2-loaded microparticles with @entity2656 possess suitable aerodynamic characteristics to be administered to the lungs by inhalation.

title: Preparation and evaluation of @entity7050 microparticles as a carrier for pulmonary delivery of recombinant XXXX @entity1199 : II. In vitro studies on aerodynamic properties of dry powder inhaler formulations.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinicopathological characteristics in @entity1869 @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 79 cases with @entity1869 @entity1 admitted to Department of Gynecology, Peking University @entity1 's Hospital from Mar. 2007 to Jul. 2010. All @entity1 were divided into two groups, @entity1373 group (merely @entity1869 , 49 cases, 62%) and cancerization group ( @entity1869 accompanying @entity1204 , 30 cases, 38%). RESULTS: The mean age of 79 cases were (50    11) years old, while they were (50    10) and (51    11) years old for @entity1373 group and cancerization group, there were not difference (P = 0.994). The gravidity and delivery frequencies were also not differently between two groups. The rates of complicated other diseases were 47% (23/49) and 43% (13/30), which was not significantly different (P = 0.755). The body mass index (BMI) of cancerization group was higher than that of @entity1373 group [(27.9    5.4) vs. (25.2    2.9) kg/m  , P = 0.024]. There were 50% (15/30) and 31% (15/49) menopause cases in two groups, respectively. Among them there were 13/15 and 8/15 cases showed @entity3556 . Among premenopausal @entity1 , there were 12/15 and 68% (23/34) showed abnormal @entity3556 , but there were not significantly different between two groups (all P > 0.05). The uterine cavity mass found by ultrasonography in the cancerization group @entity1 was more than that in @entity1373 group [73% (22/30) vs. 51% (25/49), P = 0.050]. There were 23 cases (29%), 44 cases (56%) and 12 cases (15%) were diagnosed by dilatation and curettage (D_G), hysteroscopy and hysterectomy, respectively. The rates of diagnosing @entity1869 by D_G and hysteroscopy were 87% (21/23) and 93% (41/44), respectively. The rate of diagnosis of canceration were 6/12 and 12/16, respectively. While, the rate of missed diagnosis of canceration in the @entity1869 @entity1 by D_G and hysteroscopy were 6/13 and 19% (4/21), respectively. Which all did not shown significantly different (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopy or D_G should be chosen on those peri-menopausal @entity1 with @entity548 , while those @entity1869 @entity1 with high BMI and uterine cavity mass diagnosed with D_G and ultrasonography should consider the possibility of canceration.

title: [An analysis on the clinicopathological characteristics of 79 cases XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['atypical endometrial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1869 :: (MESH:D004714,Disease) :: ['atypical endometrial hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity1 -Rated Wrist Evaluation ( @entity1619 ) scale is a self-administered outcome questionnaire used to determine level of @entity158 and disability in wrist problems. The scale includes @entity158 ( @entity1619 -P) and function ( @entity1619 -F) subscales, the latter consisting of specific function ( @entity1619 -SF) and usual ( @entity1619 -UF) function. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish versionof the @entity1619 scale. METHODS: Permission was sought and received from the original author of the @entity1619 for a Turkish translation for use in the study. The study included 110 @entity1 (85 female and 25 male; mean age: 50.8  1.53 years; range: 18 to 85) with @entity174 , @entity923 , wrist ganglion cyst, @entity8806 , @entity66 , and connective lesions affecting the wrist, all of whom completed the Turkish version of both the @entity1619 ( @entity1619 ) and the Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand scale (DASH). Reliability and validity of the @entity1619 scale were evaluated via an internal consistency analysis and a factor analysis respectively. The level of correlation between @entity1619 and DASH scores was also examined. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.86, 0.82 and 0.88 for @entity1619 -P, @entity1619 -F and @entity1619 respectively for the scale and all subscales. The @entity1619 scale was found to be highly reliable. A statistically significant correlation was found between @entity1619 and DASH in the criterion-related validity analysis (Spearman's rho=0.9). CONCLUSION: The @entity1619 was found to be valid and reliable. It is therefore suggested for use in evaluating @entity1 -based @entity158 and disability levels in routine clinical practice.

title: Validity and reliability of the Turkish " XXXX -Rated Wrist Evaluation" questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8806 :: ('MESH:D053684', 'Disease') :: ['De Quervain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radius fracture']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Kienb  ck disease']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity63 induces physiological alterations in neurons that lead to cell death. This study investigated the effects of pre-ischemic exercise on @entity1251 neurons. @entity35 were divided into three groups. Animals in the exercise group were trained 5  days a week for 4  weeks. @entity63 was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries (CCAs) for 20  min. Apoptotic cell death was detected by TUNEL assay. Furthermore, expression of different proteins was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the @entity63 group, but pre-ischemic exercise significantly reduced apoptotic cell death (P  <  0.001). In addition, our results showed a significant increase in the @entity2310 / @entity1976 ratio in the @entity63 group. Pre-ischemic exercise attenuated this ratio (P  <  0.05). Furthermore, the number of active @entity4124 -positive neurons was significantly increased in the @entity63 group, which was reduced markedly by exercise preconditioning (P  <  0.05). This study showed that pre-ischemic exercise can exert neuroprotective effects against @entity63 in @entity1251 neurons.

title: Pre-ischemic exercise reduces apoptosis in hippocampal @entity1251 cells after cerebral ischemia by modulation of the @entity2310 / XXXX proteins ratio and prevention of @entity4124 activation.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity1976 :: (24224(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity63 induces physiological alterations in neurons that lead to cell death. This study investigated the effects of pre-ischemic exercise on @entity1251 neurons. @entity35 were divided into three groups. Animals in the exercise group were trained 5  days a week for 4  weeks. @entity63 was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries (CCAs) for 20  min. Apoptotic cell death was detected by TUNEL assay. Furthermore, expression of different proteins was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the @entity63 group, but pre-ischemic exercise significantly reduced apoptotic cell death (P  <  0.001). In addition, our results showed a significant increase in the @entity2310 / @entity1976 ratio in the @entity63 group. Pre-ischemic exercise attenuated this ratio (P  <  0.05). Furthermore, the number of active @entity4124 -positive neurons was significantly increased in the @entity63 group, which was reduced markedly by exercise preconditioning (P  <  0.05). This study showed that pre-ischemic exercise can exert neuroprotective effects against @entity63 in @entity1251 neurons.

title: Pre-ischemic exercise reduces apoptosis in hippocampal @entity1251 cells after cerebral ischemia by modulation of the XXXX / @entity1976 proteins ratio and prevention of @entity4124 activation.

answer: @entity2310 :: (24887(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Bax']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity63 induces physiological alterations in neurons that lead to cell death. This study investigated the effects of pre-ischemic exercise on @entity1251 neurons. @entity35 were divided into three groups. Animals in the exercise group were trained 5  days a week for 4  weeks. @entity63 was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries (CCAs) for 20  min. Apoptotic cell death was detected by TUNEL assay. Furthermore, expression of different proteins was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the @entity63 group, but pre-ischemic exercise significantly reduced apoptotic cell death (P  <  0.001). In addition, our results showed a significant increase in the @entity2310 / @entity1976 ratio in the @entity63 group. Pre-ischemic exercise attenuated this ratio (P  <  0.05). Furthermore, the number of active @entity4124 -positive neurons was significantly increased in the @entity63 group, which was reduced markedly by exercise preconditioning (P  <  0.05). This study showed that pre-ischemic exercise can exert neuroprotective effects against @entity63 in @entity1251 neurons.

title: Pre-ischemic exercise reduces apoptosis in hippocampal @entity1251 cells after cerebral ischemia by modulation of the @entity2310 / @entity1976 proteins ratio and prevention of XXXX activation.

answer: @entity4124 :: (25402(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['caspase-3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity63 induces physiological alterations in neurons that lead to cell death. This study investigated the effects of pre-ischemic exercise on @entity1251 neurons. @entity35 were divided into three groups. Animals in the exercise group were trained 5  days a week for 4  weeks. @entity63 was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries (CCAs) for 20  min. Apoptotic cell death was detected by TUNEL assay. Furthermore, expression of different proteins was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the @entity63 group, but pre-ischemic exercise significantly reduced apoptotic cell death (P  <  0.001). In addition, our results showed a significant increase in the @entity2310 / @entity1976 ratio in the @entity63 group. Pre-ischemic exercise attenuated this ratio (P  <  0.05). Furthermore, the number of active @entity4124 -positive neurons was significantly increased in the @entity63 group, which was reduced markedly by exercise preconditioning (P  <  0.05). This study showed that pre-ischemic exercise can exert neuroprotective effects against @entity63 in @entity1251 neurons.

title: Pre-ischemic exercise reduces apoptosis in hippocampal XXXX cells after cerebral ischemia by modulation of the @entity2310 / @entity1976 proteins ratio and prevention of @entity4124 activation.

answer: @entity1251 :: (54232(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA3']


abstract: @entity39448 (y-T3) is a member of the @entity270 family. @entity271 (T3s) are powerful antioxidants and possess anticancer, neuroprotective and @entity165 -lowering properties. @entity271 inhibit the growth of various @entity5 cell lines without affecting normal cells. Less is known about the exact mechanisms of action of T3s on cell death and other growth inhibitory pathways. In the present study, we demonstrate that y-T3 induces apoptosis in MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 @entity0 cells as evident by @entity9190 cleavage and @entity14544 activation. Gene expression analysis of MCF-7 cells treated with y-T3 revealed alterations in the expression of multiple genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, cell death, cell cycle, cellular development, cellular movement and gene expression. Further analysis of differentially modulated genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software suggested modulation of canonical signal transduction or metabolic pathways such as @entity13791 -mediated oxidative stress response, @entity2533 signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Analysis of ER-stress-related proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells treated with y-T3 demonstrated activation of @entity7952 and pIRE1a pathway to induce ER stress. @entity23638 ( @entity23638 ) was identified as the most up-regulated gene (16.8-fold) in response to y-T3. @entity23638 knockdown using siRNA suggested an essential role of @entity23638 in y-T3-induced apoptosis. In summary, we demonstrate that y-T3 modulates ER stress signaling and have identified @entity23638 as a molecular target for y-T3 in @entity0 cells.

title: Gamma- @entity271 induced apoptosis is associated with unfolded protein response in human XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity39448 :: ('MESH:C013649', 'Chemical') :: ['Gamma-tocotrienol']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity271 :: ('MESH:D024508', 'Chemical') :: ['Tocotrienols']

entities_list: @entity23638 :: ('467', 'Gene') :: ['ATF3', 'Activating transcription factor 3']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity39448 (y-T3) is a member of the @entity270 family. @entity271 (T3s) are powerful antioxidants and possess anticancer, neuroprotective and @entity165 -lowering properties. @entity271 inhibit the growth of various @entity5 cell lines without affecting normal cells. Less is known about the exact mechanisms of action of T3s on cell death and other growth inhibitory pathways. In the present study, we demonstrate that y-T3 induces apoptosis in MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 @entity0 cells as evident by @entity9190 cleavage and @entity14544 activation. Gene expression analysis of MCF-7 cells treated with y-T3 revealed alterations in the expression of multiple genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, cell death, cell cycle, cellular development, cellular movement and gene expression. Further analysis of differentially modulated genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software suggested modulation of canonical signal transduction or metabolic pathways such as @entity13791 -mediated oxidative stress response, @entity2533 signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Analysis of ER-stress-related proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells treated with y-T3 demonstrated activation of @entity7952 and pIRE1a pathway to induce ER stress. @entity23638 ( @entity23638 ) was identified as the most up-regulated gene (16.8-fold) in response to y-T3. @entity23638 knockdown using siRNA suggested an essential role of @entity23638 in y-T3-induced apoptosis. In summary, we demonstrate that y-T3 modulates ER stress signaling and have identified @entity23638 as a molecular target for y-T3 in @entity0 cells.

title: Gamma- XXXX induced apoptosis is associated with unfolded protein response in human @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity271 :: (MESH:D024508,Chemical) :: ['tocotrienol']