abstract: @entity2720 are common @entity130 , which typically occur with @entity130 in young @entity1 . Treatment recommendations for these @entity130 are highly variable and controversial. There are greater than 100 surgical techniques described for operative treatment of this injury. One of the most widely recommended methods of surgical reconstruction for @entity2720 is to utilize the coracoacromial ligament for stabilization of the distal clavicle. Several modifications of this procedure have been described which have involved adjunct coracoclavicular fixation or fixation across acromioclavicular joint. Although the literature is replete with descriptive papers, there is paucity of studies evaluating the surgical outcome of this procedure. We systematically reviewed the English language published literature in peer reviewed journals (Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS) and assigned a level of evidence for available studies. We critically reviewed each paper for the flaws and biases and then evaluated the comparable clinical outcomes for various procedures and their modifications. The published literature consists entirely of case series (Level IV evidence) with variability in surgical technique and outcome measures. On review there is low level evidence to support the use of coracoacromial ligament for @entity3029 but it has been associated with high rate of @entity85 . Adjunct fixation does not improve clinical results when compared to isolated coracoacromial ligament transfer. This is in part because of the high incidence of fixation related complications. Similar results are reported with coracoacromial ligament reconstruction for acute and chronic cases. The development of @entity3528 joint symptoms with distal clavicle retention is poorly reported with the incidence rate varying from 12% to 32%. Despite this, the retention or excision of distal clavicle did not affect overall clinical results except in the @entity1 with pre existing @entity2720 who have inferior results with retention of distal end of clavicle. Further well designed clinical trials with validated outcome measures are required to fully evaluate the clinical results of this procedure.

title: Clinical results of coracoacromial ligament transfer in XXXX : A review of published literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary acromioclavicular']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis', 'acromioclavicular joint dislocations', 'Acromioclavicular joint dislocations']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity recurrence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['acromioclavicular dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['acromioclavicular dislocations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to identify dominant pathogens in the periapical lesions associated with persistent @entity1546 . METHODS: thirty-three root-filled teeth with persistent @entity1546 referred for surgical treatment were selected. Microbial samples were collected from the periapical lesions during apical surgery. Microbial identification was performed with species-specific primers prepared according to the sequence analysis data using a 16S rRNA technique. RESULTS: among the 33 cases, in 5 cases none of the target species were detected, 6 cases showed the presence of only one species, and 22 cases showed more than two species. @entity2523 endodontalis (45% of sample) was the most commonly detected dominant microbial species in the study sample, followed by Actinomyces viscosus (42%), @entity5132 (36%) and @entity2523 (27%). Fusobacterium, Actinomyces israelii and @entity797 were also detected in 27%, 21% and 15% of the sample, respectively. The most frequently isolated species, P. endodontalis, was in most cases detected together with Actinomyces (14 cases) and @entity2523 (6 cases). None of the lesions analysed in the present study contained @entity3288 . There was no correlation in relation to the presence of sinus tracts and the bacterial species. CONCLUSION: a mixed population of pathogens was found in the endodontic lesions associated with persistent @entity1546 . P. endodontalis, A. viscosus, @entity5132 and @entity2523 were the dominant species identified.

title: Identification of dominant pathogens in periapical lesions associated with persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1546 :: ('MESH:D010485', 'Disease') :: ['apical periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis', 'Porphyromonas']

answer: @entity1546 :: (MESH:D010485,Disease) :: ['apical periodontitis']


abstract: We report the first double-blind, placebo-controlled study that assesses the efficacy and safety of @entity4546 20 mg daily in the maintenance treatment of duodenal @entity1066 . For the healing phase, 128 @entity1 with endoscopically proven active duodenal @entity1066 and a history of three or more relapses during the 2 years prior to the study were treated until healing with @entity4546 40 mg daily for 2 and up to 8 weeks. One hundred and twenty-three @entity1 whose @entity1066 were healed were randomized to receive @entity4546 20 mg daily (n = 60) or placebo (n = 63) for 12 months as maintenance treatment. @entity1 were interviewed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, and endoscopy was performed at 3, 6 and 12 months and whenever symptoms recurred. The healing rates of the 124 @entity1 completing the healing phase were 84, 98 and 100% at 2, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. During the maintenance phase, eight and four @entity1 discontinued treatment from the @entity4546 and placebo groups, respectively. The proportion of @entity1 in remission in the @entity4546 group and placebo group after 12 months were 94 and 9% respectively (life table estimates, P < 0.0001). No significant clinical or laboratory changes were observed in @entity1 on therapy with @entity4546 . @entity1 with a history of frequent relapses thus continued to have a very high relapse rate without prophylactic treatment. @entity4546 20 mg daily was effective and safe in maintaining such @entity1 in remission.

title: Prevention of duodenal XXXX relapse with @entity4546 20 mg daily: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: We report the first double-blind, placebo-controlled study that assesses the efficacy and safety of @entity4546 20 mg daily in the maintenance treatment of duodenal @entity1066 . For the healing phase, 128 @entity1 with endoscopically proven active duodenal @entity1066 and a history of three or more relapses during the 2 years prior to the study were treated until healing with @entity4546 40 mg daily for 2 and up to 8 weeks. One hundred and twenty-three @entity1 whose @entity1066 were healed were randomized to receive @entity4546 20 mg daily (n = 60) or placebo (n = 63) for 12 months as maintenance treatment. @entity1 were interviewed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, and endoscopy was performed at 3, 6 and 12 months and whenever symptoms recurred. The healing rates of the 124 @entity1 completing the healing phase were 84, 98 and 100% at 2, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. During the maintenance phase, eight and four @entity1 discontinued treatment from the @entity4546 and placebo groups, respectively. The proportion of @entity1 in remission in the @entity4546 group and placebo group after 12 months were 94 and 9% respectively (life table estimates, P < 0.0001). No significant clinical or laboratory changes were observed in @entity1 on therapy with @entity4546 . @entity1 with a history of frequent relapses thus continued to have a very high relapse rate without prophylactic treatment. @entity4546 20 mg daily was effective and safe in maintaining such @entity1 in remission.

title: Prevention of duodenal @entity1066 relapse with XXXX 20 mg daily: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: K+ channel activators represent a novel class of smooth muscle relaxant agents. There is now much evidence demonstrating that K+ channels, localized to prejunctional neurons and post-junctional smooth muscle membranes, can regulate airway smooth muscle activity, inducing smooth muscle cell membrane hyperpolarization. K+ channel activity may be influenced by some neurotransmitters, such as @entity859 , @entity750 and @entity1063 . More recently, it has been observed that the stimulation of GABAB receptors influences K+ channels in the hippocampus, dorsal rafe and spinal cord neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of levcromakalim in @entity840 @entity825 at pre- and post-junctional sites and to evaluate whether GABAB receptors may modulate K+ channel activation. Levcromakalim (from 1 nM to 1 microM) relaxed @entity840 @entity825 (IC50 10 +/- 0.9 nM) previously contracted by @entity4338 (30 mM). This effect was reversed by a pretreatment with @entity5128 (10 mM) (IC50 120 +/- 0.7 nM). A 30-min pretreatment with @entity1772 (1 microM) or @entity19666 (1 microM) failed to modify the effects of @entity31802 (IC50 18 +/- 1.0 nM and 14 +/- 0.6 nM, respectively). The contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (71.20 +/- 5.12% of @entity934 --100 microM--contraction) was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by a pretreatment with levcromakalim (10 nM) (54.00 +/- 6.68%). This reduction was antagonized by @entity5128 (10 nM) (72.20 +/- 14.27%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: K+ channels and XXXX @entity825 : a possible functional modulation by GABAB receptors.

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity31802 :: ('MESH:D019806', 'Chemical') :: ['levcromakalim']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity19666 :: ('MESH:C052329', 'Chemical') :: ['phaclofen']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: K+ channel activators represent a novel class of smooth muscle relaxant agents. There is now much evidence demonstrating that K+ channels, localized to prejunctional neurons and post-junctional smooth muscle membranes, can regulate airway smooth muscle activity, inducing smooth muscle cell membrane hyperpolarization. K+ channel activity may be influenced by some neurotransmitters, such as @entity859 , @entity750 and @entity1063 . More recently, it has been observed that the stimulation of GABAB receptors influences K+ channels in the hippocampus, dorsal rafe and spinal cord neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of levcromakalim in @entity840 @entity825 at pre- and post-junctional sites and to evaluate whether GABAB receptors may modulate K+ channel activation. Levcromakalim (from 1 nM to 1 microM) relaxed @entity840 @entity825 (IC50 10 +/- 0.9 nM) previously contracted by @entity4338 (30 mM). This effect was reversed by a pretreatment with @entity5128 (10 mM) (IC50 120 +/- 0.7 nM). A 30-min pretreatment with @entity1772 (1 microM) or @entity19666 (1 microM) failed to modify the effects of @entity31802 (IC50 18 +/- 1.0 nM and 14 +/- 0.6 nM, respectively). The contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (71.20 +/- 5.12% of @entity934 --100 microM--contraction) was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by a pretreatment with levcromakalim (10 nM) (54.00 +/- 6.68%). This reduction was antagonized by @entity5128 (10 nM) (72.20 +/- 14.27%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: K+ channels and @entity840 XXXX : a possible functional modulation by GABAB receptors.

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: The epidemiologic data supporting an association between physical activity and lipoprotein profile is controversial. We hypothesized that physical activity is positively associated with @entity412 levels and negatively associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 levels, and that these associations are mediated by @entity2690 activity. We tested these hypotheses in 819 male and 1159 female healthy non-diabetic Mexicans, aged 35-64 years, residing in Mexico City. Physical activity was assessed using a modified Stanford 7-day Physical Activity Recall. Serum @entity413 and @entity2690 were evaluated in the fasting state and 2 h following a @entity413 challenge. Crude analysis indicated that physical activity was not associated with HDL @entity165 in males, but was associated with HDL @entity165 in females (r = 0.06; p = 0.025). Physical activity was not associated with @entity412 concentration in males or females. Multivariate results showed that the positive association between HDL @entity165 and physical activity in @entity1 remained after controlling for age, @entity172 status, body mass index, and smoking. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between physical activity, HDL @entity165 and an index of @entity2690 sensitivity. @entity1 with higher levels of @entity2690 sensitivity had higher levels of HDL @entity165 . However, among @entity1 at lower levels of @entity2690 sensitivity, those with greater physical activity were significantly more likely to have higher HDL @entity165 values.

title: Relationships between physical activity, XXXX levels and lipids in non-diabetic low income residents of Mexico City: the Mexico City Diabetes Study.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Primary @entity49 is a @entity395 and it is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. In this report, we present a case with interesting sonographic and computed tomographic findings. On March 15, 1984, a 53-year-old male was admitted to Central Hospital of Social Insurance because of @entity2075 , which was removed immediately. On May 17, the @entity1 complained of a vague @entity490 , in the left upper quadrant. Seven days later, the @entity158 became severe and he was referred to our department. White blood cell count was 19300/mm3. On ultrasound and computed tomographic examination, a rigid thick-walled bowel loop was visualized. Laparotomy was performed and a @entity29 (35cm long) was resected. Postoperative course was well. It should be emphasized that ultrasound and computed tomography are noninvasive and may be very helpful for differential diagnosis in the cases of acute abdomen.

title: [A case of XXXX : its sonographic and computed tomographic findings].

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['gangrenous bowel loop']

entities_list: @entity2075 :: ('MESH:D020198', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hematoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['mesenteric venous thrombosis']


abstract: This paper analyses the pathological features and prognosis in 3,147 cases of @entity14 collected from thirteen colleges, institutes and hospitals. The results reveal: The mean 5 year survival rate of 3,147 cases of @entity14 is 50.21%. The age of @entity1 , @entity5 location, size, gross typing, histologic classification, growth pattern, the depth of infiltration, the @entity3 into lymph nodes, the lymphocyte infiltration and fibrous proliferation surrounding the @entity5 are all prognostic. The depth of infiltration and @entity3 into lymph nodes are the chief determinant of prognosis. The prognosis is much better in cases without penetrating the musculature or prognosis. The prognosis is much better in cases without penetrating the musculature or @entity3 into lymph nodes than otherwise. It is better in those with metastases into 1-2 2 lymph nodes than with 3 or more. The histological types reflect the biologic nature of the @entity5 , exercising the most decisive influence upon the prognosis. The various pathologic changes are all closely associated with it. There is much difference in prognosis among well, moderately and poorly differentiated @entity420 (70.3%, 49.6% and 26.6%) whereas almost no difference exists among the different histologic types with the same degree of differentiation. This indicates that it is the @entity5 differentiation which plays the important role in the prognosis. 4. The immune response in the regional lymph nodes, the lymphocyte infiltration and fibrous proliferation surrounding the @entity5 reflect the immune status of the organism against the @entity5 and favorably affect the prognosis.

title: [Prognostic significance of pathology in 3, 147 cases of XXXX . National Cooperative Group on Pathology and Prognosis of @entity14 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: This paper analyses the pathological features and prognosis in 3,147 cases of @entity14 collected from thirteen colleges, institutes and hospitals. The results reveal: The mean 5 year survival rate of 3,147 cases of @entity14 is 50.21%. The age of @entity1 , @entity5 location, size, gross typing, histologic classification, growth pattern, the depth of infiltration, the @entity3 into lymph nodes, the lymphocyte infiltration and fibrous proliferation surrounding the @entity5 are all prognostic. The depth of infiltration and @entity3 into lymph nodes are the chief determinant of prognosis. The prognosis is much better in cases without penetrating the musculature or prognosis. The prognosis is much better in cases without penetrating the musculature or @entity3 into lymph nodes than otherwise. It is better in those with metastases into 1-2 2 lymph nodes than with 3 or more. The histological types reflect the biologic nature of the @entity5 , exercising the most decisive influence upon the prognosis. The various pathologic changes are all closely associated with it. There is much difference in prognosis among well, moderately and poorly differentiated @entity420 (70.3%, 49.6% and 26.6%) whereas almost no difference exists among the different histologic types with the same degree of differentiation. This indicates that it is the @entity5 differentiation which plays the important role in the prognosis. 4. The immune response in the regional lymph nodes, the lymphocyte infiltration and fibrous proliferation surrounding the @entity5 reflect the immune status of the organism against the @entity5 and favorably affect the prognosis.

title: [Prognostic significance of pathology in 3, 147 cases of @entity14 . National Cooperative Group on Pathology and Prognosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of nasally instilled liposomes (L) or @entity619 -containing L (Ldexa) on normal or inflamed lung tissue. Three groups of @entity19 were studied. Group I was given saline instillations for 3 weeks prior to the instillation with liposomes. In @entity55 was induced by repeated instillations of Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula before the instillation of liposomes (group II) or liposomes containing @entity619 (group III). Animals from all groups were killed at regular time intervals for up to 48 h after the instillation of liposomes. The total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not differ significantly between groups I and II. However, in group III it decreased rapidly from 6.2 to 2.8 x 10(5) cells @entity19264 within 2 h. Differential counts did not change in group I, but in group II a transient neutrophilia was observed 180 min after the instillation of liposomes. In group III, the instillation of @entity619 -containing liposomes depleted all neutrophils and lymphocytes after 4 h. No @entity637 was found in samples of lavage fluid from any of the groups at time 0. In group I, liposomes induced the production of 0.03 ng @entity19264 of @entity637 in the 1 h sample only. In group II, @entity637 peaked to 1 ng @entity19264 at 1 h and had decreased to 0.35 ng @entity19264 by 3 h. In group III, @entity637 peaked at 1 h, but only reached a level of 0.1 ng @entity19264 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: PC:PS liposomes induce a recruitment of neutrophils and the release of XXXX in the lungs of @entity19 sensitized with Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['groups II and III lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity637 :: (21926(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TNF alpha']


abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of nasally instilled liposomes (L) or @entity619 -containing L (Ldexa) on normal or inflamed lung tissue. Three groups of @entity19 were studied. Group I was given saline instillations for 3 weeks prior to the instillation with liposomes. In @entity55 was induced by repeated instillations of Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula before the instillation of liposomes (group II) or liposomes containing @entity619 (group III). Animals from all groups were killed at regular time intervals for up to 48 h after the instillation of liposomes. The total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not differ significantly between groups I and II. However, in group III it decreased rapidly from 6.2 to 2.8 x 10(5) cells @entity19264 within 2 h. Differential counts did not change in group I, but in group II a transient neutrophilia was observed 180 min after the instillation of liposomes. In group III, the instillation of @entity619 -containing liposomes depleted all neutrophils and lymphocytes after 4 h. No @entity637 was found in samples of lavage fluid from any of the groups at time 0. In group I, liposomes induced the production of 0.03 ng @entity19264 of @entity637 in the 1 h sample only. In group II, @entity637 peaked to 1 ng @entity19264 at 1 h and had decreased to 0.35 ng @entity19264 by 3 h. In group III, @entity637 peaked at 1 h, but only reached a level of 0.1 ng @entity19264 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: PC:PS liposomes induce a recruitment of neutrophils and the release of @entity637 in the lungs of XXXX sensitized with Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Insulin-like growth factors (IGF), @entity7424 and @entity10247 , are small polypeptides involved in regulating cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and transformation. IGF activities are mediated through binding and activation of @entity7423 or @entity3239 ( @entity3239 ). The role of the @entity7423 pathway in promoting @entity5 growth and survival is well documented. Overexpression of @entity10247 and @entity3239 is reported in multiple types of @entity5 and is proposed as a potential mechanism for @entity5 cells to develop resistance to @entity7423 -targeting therapy. MEDI-573 is a fully human antibody that neutralizes both @entity7424 and @entity10247 and inhibits IGF signaling through both the @entity7423 and @entity3239 pathways. Here, we show that MEDI-573 blocks the binding of @entity7424 and @entity10247 to @entity7423 or @entity3239 , leading to the inhibition of IGF-induced signaling pathways and cell proliferation. MEDI-573 significantly inhibited the in vivo growth of @entity7424 - or @entity10247 -driven @entity5 . Pharmacodynamic analysis demonstrated inhibition of @entity7423 phosphorylation in @entity5 in @entity19 dosed with MEDI-573, indicating that the antitumor activity is mediated via inhibition of @entity7423 signaling pathways. Finally, MEDI-573 significantly decreased @entity419 ( @entity419 ) uptake in IGF-driven @entity5 models, highlighting the potential utility of @entity419 -PET as a noninvasive pharmacodynamic readout for evaluating the use of MEDI-573 in the clinic. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the inhibition of @entity7424 and @entity10247 ligands by MEDI-573 results in potent antitumor activity and offers an effective approach to selectively target both the @entity7423 and @entity3239 signaling pathways.

title: Dual XXXX /II-neutralizing antibody MEDI-573 potently inhibits IGF signaling and @entity5 growth.

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3239 :: ('16337(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IR-A', 'insulin receptor isoform A']

answer: @entity7424 :: (16000(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IGF-I']


abstract: Insulin-like growth factors (IGF), @entity7424 and @entity10247 , are small polypeptides involved in regulating cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and transformation. IGF activities are mediated through binding and activation of @entity7423 or @entity3239 ( @entity3239 ). The role of the @entity7423 pathway in promoting @entity5 growth and survival is well documented. Overexpression of @entity10247 and @entity3239 is reported in multiple types of @entity5 and is proposed as a potential mechanism for @entity5 cells to develop resistance to @entity7423 -targeting therapy. MEDI-573 is a fully human antibody that neutralizes both @entity7424 and @entity10247 and inhibits IGF signaling through both the @entity7423 and @entity3239 pathways. Here, we show that MEDI-573 blocks the binding of @entity7424 and @entity10247 to @entity7423 or @entity3239 , leading to the inhibition of IGF-induced signaling pathways and cell proliferation. MEDI-573 significantly inhibited the in vivo growth of @entity7424 - or @entity10247 -driven @entity5 . Pharmacodynamic analysis demonstrated inhibition of @entity7423 phosphorylation in @entity5 in @entity19 dosed with MEDI-573, indicating that the antitumor activity is mediated via inhibition of @entity7423 signaling pathways. Finally, MEDI-573 significantly decreased @entity419 ( @entity419 ) uptake in IGF-driven @entity5 models, highlighting the potential utility of @entity419 -PET as a noninvasive pharmacodynamic readout for evaluating the use of MEDI-573 in the clinic. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the inhibition of @entity7424 and @entity10247 ligands by MEDI-573 results in potent antitumor activity and offers an effective approach to selectively target both the @entity7423 and @entity3239 signaling pathways.

title: Dual @entity7424 /II-neutralizing antibody MEDI-573 potently inhibits IGF signaling and XXXX growth.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incidence rates of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for @entity454 vary considerably worldwide. This study examines the independent association between the general population, health care system and renal service characteristics and RRT incidence rates. METHODS: RRT incidence data (2003-2005) were obtained from renal registries; general population age and health and macroeconomic indices were collected from secondary sources. Renal service organization and resource data were obtained through interviews and questionnaires. Linear regression models were built to establish the factors independently associated with RRT incidence, stratified by the @entity1 Development Index where required. False discovery rate (FDR) correction was adjusted for multiple testing. RESULTS: Across the 46 countries (population 1.25 billion), RRT incidence rates ranged from 12 to 455 (median 130) per million population. Gross domestic product ( @entity3006 ) per capita [incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.02 per  1000 increase, P(FDR) = 0.047], percentage of @entity3006 spent on health care (IRR: 1.11 per % increase, P(FDR) = 0.006) and dialysis facility reimbursement rate relative to @entity3006 (IRR: 0.76 per @entity3006 per capita-sized increase in reimbursement rate, P(FDR) = 0.007) were independently associated with RRT incidence. In more developed countries, the private for-profit share of haemodialysis facilities was also associated with higher incidence (IRR: 1.009 per % increase, P(FDR) = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Macroeconomic and renal service factors are more often associated with RRT incidence rates than measured demographic or general population health status factors.

title: Global variation in renal replacement therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: Regulation of the activity of @entity689 of Streptococcus sp. (group K) was evaluated by examining the effects of @entity4313 on the hydrolysis of colominic acids catalyzed by the @entity689 . Two kinds of @entity167 binding site, activation and inhibition sites, were proposed to exist. Competitive inhibition was observed with @entity4313 smaller than @entity968 #300 (average molecular weight: 300), so the inhibition site is considered to be the substrate binding site, the size of which was estimated to be 10 A in diameter. On the contrary, @entity968 larger than this size activated the enzyme by 1.5-1.8 times. The activity could be raised by binding of the @entity968 to the activation site. This activation was shown to be due solely to the decrease in the Michaelis constant, Km. The smaller @entity968 (#200 and #300) were also considered to bind to the activation site, although activation was not clearly observed due to compensation with inhibition. Strong substrate inhibition by @entity47797 was also observed. The activity of Streptococcus @entity689 was shown to be regulated intricately by the substrate @entity47797 and @entity4313 contained in the reaction medium.

title: Effects of @entity4313 on the hydrolysis of @entity47797 catalyzed by Streptococcus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity47797 :: ('MESH:C014420', 'Chemical') :: ['colominic acid']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol', 'polyethylene glycols']

answer: @entity689 :: (4758,Gene) :: ['neuraminidase']


abstract: Regulation of the activity of @entity689 of Streptococcus sp. (group K) was evaluated by examining the effects of @entity4313 on the hydrolysis of colominic acids catalyzed by the @entity689 . Two kinds of @entity167 binding site, activation and inhibition sites, were proposed to exist. Competitive inhibition was observed with @entity4313 smaller than @entity968 #300 (average molecular weight: 300), so the inhibition site is considered to be the substrate binding site, the size of which was estimated to be 10 A in diameter. On the contrary, @entity968 larger than this size activated the enzyme by 1.5-1.8 times. The activity could be raised by binding of the @entity968 to the activation site. This activation was shown to be due solely to the decrease in the Michaelis constant, Km. The smaller @entity968 (#200 and #300) were also considered to bind to the activation site, although activation was not clearly observed due to compensation with inhibition. Strong substrate inhibition by @entity47797 was also observed. The activity of Streptococcus @entity689 was shown to be regulated intricately by the substrate @entity47797 and @entity4313 contained in the reaction medium.

title: Effects of XXXX on the hydrolysis of @entity47797 catalyzed by Streptococcus @entity689 .

answer: @entity4313 :: (MESH:D000438,Chemical) :: ['alcohols']


abstract: Regulation of the activity of @entity689 of Streptococcus sp. (group K) was evaluated by examining the effects of @entity4313 on the hydrolysis of colominic acids catalyzed by the @entity689 . Two kinds of @entity167 binding site, activation and inhibition sites, were proposed to exist. Competitive inhibition was observed with @entity4313 smaller than @entity968 #300 (average molecular weight: 300), so the inhibition site is considered to be the substrate binding site, the size of which was estimated to be 10 A in diameter. On the contrary, @entity968 larger than this size activated the enzyme by 1.5-1.8 times. The activity could be raised by binding of the @entity968 to the activation site. This activation was shown to be due solely to the decrease in the Michaelis constant, Km. The smaller @entity968 (#200 and #300) were also considered to bind to the activation site, although activation was not clearly observed due to compensation with inhibition. Strong substrate inhibition by @entity47797 was also observed. The activity of Streptococcus @entity689 was shown to be regulated intricately by the substrate @entity47797 and @entity4313 contained in the reaction medium.

title: Effects of @entity4313 on the hydrolysis of XXXX catalyzed by Streptococcus @entity689 .

answer: @entity47797 :: (MESH:C014420,Chemical) :: ['colominic acid']


abstract: Evidence so far indicates two sources for excess mortality in @entity4697 --suicide and @entity65 . The risk for eventual suicide may rival that for primary @entity308 , but the predictors and the necessary antecedents probably differ. The lapse between diagnosis and suicide may be larger for @entity4697 , and complications such as secondary @entity308 and @entity734 may be necessary. There are few well-established predictors for primary @entity308 despite many relevant studies. The risk for suicide in @entity4697 is barely recognized, and established predictors are accordingly remote. One study has demonstrated excess @entity65 among males with @entity4697 , and another from the same center has provided weak support. Only one additional study has provided the necessary detail as to sex and cause, and those findings were quite supportive, although the subjects may have been mixed diagnostically. There are numerous feasible explanations for excess @entity65 in @entity4697 and even some reason to believe that successful treatment might lessen it. To so advise @entity1 would be not only premature at this point but unnecessary and countertherapeutic--unnecessary because these @entity1 are motivated by discomfort to seek treatment and countertherapeutic because @entity65 is what many of these @entity1 pathologically fear. Rather, the findings suggest focus for future study. The initial findings of excess @entity65 in males badly need replication, as do the more recent findings of Kahn et al. Likewise, animal models may reveal some of the pathophysiologic mechanisms at work. It is hoped that these efforts will converge in the not-too-distant future.

title: XXXX and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['Panic disorder']


abstract: The following results can be derived from the clinical and radiobiological literature as well as from the authors's own experiences with 91 @entity1 analyzed retrospectively and evaluated with respect to their risk factors. 1. A postoperative irradiation is very probably sensible in @entity1 with @entity5 perforation through the renal capsule (T3/T4) and with venous or lymph node manifestations. 2. The operation method is essential, above all the transabdominal technique and the quality of lymph dissection. 3. Prospective studies are necessary in order to clear up the role of radiotherapy in @entity1 with lymph node manifestations and the other two risk factors mentioned in item 1. 4. Further studies on the @entity5 biology of the @entity1358 are necessary in order to gain prognostic criteria allowing a pretherapeutic sensitivity recognition. 5. The effect of a supplementary radiotherapy can be only that of local recurrence prevention in case of a locally advanced @entity5 and the absence of demonstrable remote @entity3 . This seems justified, because the local recurrence rate in our own @entity1 was only 3.3%.

title: [The role of postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypernephroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['hypernephroid carcinoma']


abstract: To investigate the role of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in modulating the activity and location of @entity93 : @entity2945 cytidylyltransferase, we used site-directed mutagenesis to construct four mutant forms of cytidylyltransferase. These forms were 5SP-->AP, in which five of the seven Ser-Pro sequences were converted to @entity52828 ; @entity73193 , in which all of the seven Ser-Pro sequences converted to @entity52828 ; @entity73194 , in which all sixteen Ser residues that can be phosphorylated in wild type cytidylyltransferase were converted to Ala; and @entity73195 , in which all sixteen Ser residues were converted to @entity367 . The mutant enzymes were expressed in the strain 58 @entity3569 ovary cell line, which is temperature-sensitive for growth and cytidylyltransferase activity. All mutant enzyme forms were enzymatically as active as the wild type when assayed under optimal conditions. In untreated cells, more of the @entity20029 mutants were membrane-associated than in cells expressing wild type enzyme, consistent with the phosphorylation state of the enzyme affecting its affinity for membranes. About half of the @entity73194 mutant remained soluble, however, indicating that dephosphorylation alone does not trigger membrane association. Although the amount of membrane-associated enzyme in the @entity73194 mutant was about 10-fold greater than that of wild type, @entity2434 synthesis was increased by only about 75%, suggesting that membrane association does not necessarily cause full activation. All mutant forms, including the @entity73195 mutant, translocated to the particulate fraction upon oleate treatment, indicating that a high negative charge in the phosphorylation region does not preclude association of cytidylyltransferase with membranes. All mutant enzymes were able to support growth of strain 58 at 40 degrees C, and the rate of @entity2434 synthesis was not greatly altered in the cell lines expressing mutant cytidylyltransferase forms. These results are consistent with a role for phosphorylation in the equilibrium distribution of cytidylyltransferase but suggest that changes in enzyme activity and location are not triggered exclusively by changes in the phosphorylation state.

title: Effects of altered phosphorylation sites on the properties of @entity93 : XXXX cytidylyltransferase.

entities_list: @entity20029 :: ('p|SUB|S||A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser-->Ala']

entities_list: @entity73193 :: ('|SUB|SP|7|AP', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['7SP-->AP']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity2945 :: (MESH:D010767,Chemical) :: ['phosphocholine']


abstract: To investigate the role of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in modulating the activity and location of @entity93 : @entity2945 cytidylyltransferase, we used site-directed mutagenesis to construct four mutant forms of cytidylyltransferase. These forms were 5SP-->AP, in which five of the seven Ser-Pro sequences were converted to @entity52828 ; @entity73193 , in which all of the seven Ser-Pro sequences converted to @entity52828 ; @entity73194 , in which all sixteen Ser residues that can be phosphorylated in wild type cytidylyltransferase were converted to Ala; and @entity73195 , in which all sixteen Ser residues were converted to @entity367 . The mutant enzymes were expressed in the strain 58 @entity3569 ovary cell line, which is temperature-sensitive for growth and cytidylyltransferase activity. All mutant enzyme forms were enzymatically as active as the wild type when assayed under optimal conditions. In untreated cells, more of the @entity20029 mutants were membrane-associated than in cells expressing wild type enzyme, consistent with the phosphorylation state of the enzyme affecting its affinity for membranes. About half of the @entity73194 mutant remained soluble, however, indicating that dephosphorylation alone does not trigger membrane association. Although the amount of membrane-associated enzyme in the @entity73194 mutant was about 10-fold greater than that of wild type, @entity2434 synthesis was increased by only about 75%, suggesting that membrane association does not necessarily cause full activation. All mutant forms, including the @entity73195 mutant, translocated to the particulate fraction upon oleate treatment, indicating that a high negative charge in the phosphorylation region does not preclude association of cytidylyltransferase with membranes. All mutant enzymes were able to support growth of strain 58 at 40 degrees C, and the rate of @entity2434 synthesis was not greatly altered in the cell lines expressing mutant cytidylyltransferase forms. These results are consistent with a role for phosphorylation in the equilibrium distribution of cytidylyltransferase but suggest that changes in enzyme activity and location are not triggered exclusively by changes in the phosphorylation state.

title: Effects of altered phosphorylation sites on the properties of XXXX : @entity2945 cytidylyltransferase.

answer: @entity93 :: (MESH:D003570,Chemical) :: ['CTP']


abstract: PURPOSE: Infections of the lower respiratory tract pose an important problem in nursing homes. Despite the magnitude of this problem, few, if any, antibiotic studies have been targeted specifically at nursing home-acquired @entity281 . Following the establishment of a teaching Extended-Care Nursing Home Program, which facilitated the early diagnosis and therapy of @entity281 , a comparative trial of oral @entity2177 and intramuscular @entity5503 was initiated in elderly @entity1 with lower @entity1729 . In addition to assessing the relative efficacy and safety of @entity2177 and @entity5503 , our goals were to identify problems and pitfalls associated with conducting clinical research in this nursing home setting, evaluate selected clinical and laboratory features of lower respiratory tract @entity281 in this @entity1 population, and measure outcomes in all study groups. @entity1 AND METHODS: During a 20-month period, 40 @entity1 with @entity55 and 20 @entity1 with acute @entity3617 were enrolled in this randomized study. Sixty-three @entity1 with @entity55 who were ineligible for the randomized study were also followed prospectively. The mean age of the 111 @entity1 (123 cases) was 80.8 years; all @entity1 had at least one chronic medical condition. RESULTS: Although @entity328 was the single most common isolate, gram-negative bacteria were cultured from 81 percent of the cases that yielded pathogens from a satisfactory sputum specimen. The in-hospital mortality rate was strikingly low (6.5 percent), and a large majority of @entity1 in all study groups were discharged safely back to their nursing homes well within the Diagnosis-Related Group length of stay. CONCLUSION: @entity2177 appeared to be as safe and effective as @entity5503 in this nursing home program; however, additional studies are needed to determine its role in the treatment of elderly @entity1 with @entity281 .

title: Prospective study of lower XXXX in an extended-care nursing home program: potential role of oral @entity2177 .

entities_list: @entity5503 :: ('MESH:D002435', 'Chemical') :: ['cefamandole']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'bronchopulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: Infections of the lower respiratory tract pose an important problem in nursing homes. Despite the magnitude of this problem, few, if any, antibiotic studies have been targeted specifically at nursing home-acquired @entity281 . Following the establishment of a teaching Extended-Care Nursing Home Program, which facilitated the early diagnosis and therapy of @entity281 , a comparative trial of oral @entity2177 and intramuscular @entity5503 was initiated in elderly @entity1 with lower @entity1729 . In addition to assessing the relative efficacy and safety of @entity2177 and @entity5503 , our goals were to identify problems and pitfalls associated with conducting clinical research in this nursing home setting, evaluate selected clinical and laboratory features of lower respiratory tract @entity281 in this @entity1 population, and measure outcomes in all study groups. @entity1 AND METHODS: During a 20-month period, 40 @entity1 with @entity55 and 20 @entity1 with acute @entity3617 were enrolled in this randomized study. Sixty-three @entity1 with @entity55 who were ineligible for the randomized study were also followed prospectively. The mean age of the 111 @entity1 (123 cases) was 80.8 years; all @entity1 had at least one chronic medical condition. RESULTS: Although @entity328 was the single most common isolate, gram-negative bacteria were cultured from 81 percent of the cases that yielded pathogens from a satisfactory sputum specimen. The in-hospital mortality rate was strikingly low (6.5 percent), and a large majority of @entity1 in all study groups were discharged safely back to their nursing homes well within the Diagnosis-Related Group length of stay. CONCLUSION: @entity2177 appeared to be as safe and effective as @entity5503 in this nursing home program; however, additional studies are needed to determine its role in the treatment of elderly @entity1 with @entity281 .

title: Prospective study of lower @entity1729 in an extended-care nursing home program: potential role of oral XXXX .

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: Resection of @entity10470 can be difficult to perform because of its site, vascularity, arterial adherence and local cranial nerve involvement. Advances in vascular surgical technique have reduced the risks of perioperative complications such as @entity130 , @entity64 and @entity204 . From January 1980 to May 1994 20 @entity1 (22 @entity10470 ) were examined. All @entity1 except one were evaluated with a preoperative angiography. No preoperative embolization was performed. Thirteen @entity1 underwent ultrasonography, nine a CT scan of the neck, 5 magnetic resonance scanning and two magnetic resonance angiography. One old @entity1 refused operation. The authors report their experience on 21 carotid body @entity5 resections (14 Shamblin group I and 7 group II @entity1823 ). Surgical technique is based on subadventitial resection (18 excisions) and 3 resections were performed from the medial surface of the carotid bifurcation which had been partially absorbed into the mass. In the last 15 operations intraoperative Somatosensorial Evoked Potential (SEP) monitoring has been used. Only two @entity1 required arterial repair because intimal dissection and another @entity1 needed vagus nerve section. The ligation of external carotid artery and internal carotid resection with graft replacement were never necessary in these @entity1 . No early or late @entity204 occurred and no recurrences were detected at follow-up.

title: Diagnosis and surgical treatment of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity10470 :: ('MESH:D002345', 'Disease') :: ['carotid body tumors']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['carotid injury']

answer: @entity10470 :: (MESH:D002345,Disease) :: ['carotid body tumors']


abstract: The osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) was recently characterized in regenerating bone marrow. In experimental animals, OGP increases osteogenesis. Immunoreactive OGP (irOGP) in high abundance was demonstrated in normal animal serum mainly as an OGP-OGP-binding protein (OGPBP) complex. Here we show the presence of an OGP-OGPBP system in normal human serum. The total irOGP content, of which the bound peptide comprises at least 80-90%, ranged from 480-4460 mumol/L, several orders of magnitude higher than that of other regulatory polypeptides. The steady state/total irOGP ratio declined between 23 and 49 yr of age. The bound irOGP, purified by boiling, ultrafiltration, and hydrophobic high pressure liquid chromatography, was identical to OGP obtained previously from @entity35 regenerating marrow and @entity19 stromal cell cultures in terms of its @entity535 sequence, immunoreactivity, and mitogenicity. These data demonstrate the usefulness of our immunoassay to measure circulating OGP. More importantly, the identity of the @entity1 OGP with that of other species indicates the peptide's evolutionary conservation and, thus, its biological importance. The natural occurrence of OGP in @entity1 signifies its potential role in the prevention of @entity604 and rescue of bone mass, especially in @entity170 .

title: Structural and functional characterization of osteogenic growth peptide from human serum: identity with XXXX and @entity19 homologs.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) was recently characterized in regenerating bone marrow. In experimental animals, OGP increases osteogenesis. Immunoreactive OGP (irOGP) in high abundance was demonstrated in normal animal serum mainly as an OGP-OGP-binding protein (OGPBP) complex. Here we show the presence of an OGP-OGPBP system in normal human serum. The total irOGP content, of which the bound peptide comprises at least 80-90%, ranged from 480-4460 mumol/L, several orders of magnitude higher than that of other regulatory polypeptides. The steady state/total irOGP ratio declined between 23 and 49 yr of age. The bound irOGP, purified by boiling, ultrafiltration, and hydrophobic high pressure liquid chromatography, was identical to OGP obtained previously from @entity35 regenerating marrow and @entity19 stromal cell cultures in terms of its @entity535 sequence, immunoreactivity, and mitogenicity. These data demonstrate the usefulness of our immunoassay to measure circulating OGP. More importantly, the identity of the @entity1 OGP with that of other species indicates the peptide's evolutionary conservation and, thus, its biological importance. The natural occurrence of OGP in @entity1 signifies its potential role in the prevention of @entity604 and rescue of bone mass, especially in @entity170 .

title: Structural and functional characterization of osteogenic growth peptide from human serum: identity with @entity35 and XXXX homologs.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Therapeutic angiogenesis remains unsuccessful in @entity453 . It is known that plasma endothelium-derived microparticles (EMPs) are increased in @entity453 and that @entity1007 can inhibit angiogenesis. We evaluated the relationship between EMPs and @entity1007 in the impairment of angiogenesis. EMPs isolated from @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells were injected into @entity754 -null (LDLr(-/-)) @entity19 fed a Western diet for 2 wk and C57BL6 @entity19 for 6 h or were directly added to the tissue culture media. Hearts isolated from @entity19 were sectioned and cultured, and endothelial tube formation was measured. The expression and phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and the generation of NO in the hearts were determined. Angiogenesis was inhibited by pathophysiological concentrations of EMPs but not physiological concentrations of EMPs in hearts from C57BL6 @entity19 . However, angiogenesis was inhibited by EMPs at both physiological and pathophysiological concentrations of EMPs in hearts from @entity753 (-/-) @entity19 . Pathophysiological concentrations of EMPs decreased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser(1177) and NO generation without altering eNOS expression in hearts from C57BL6 @entity19 . Both physiological and pathophysiological concentrations of EMPs decreased not only eNOS phosphorylation at Ser(1177) and NO generation, but eNOS expression in @entity753 hearts from LDLr(-/-) @entity19 . These data demonstrated that pathophysiological concentrations of EMPs could inhibit angiogenesis in hearts by decreasing eNOS activity. EMPs and @entity1007 mutually enhanced their inhibitory effect of angiogenesis by inducing eNOS dysfunction. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism by which @entity1007 impairs angiogenesis.

title: Endothelium-derived microparticles inhibit angiogenesis in the heart and enhance the inhibitory effects of XXXX on angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['low-density lipoprotein receptor']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic', 'hypercholesterolemic LDLr']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The present study was performed to examine the potential of diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging and dynamic first-passage bolus tracking of susceptibility contrast agents (perfusion imaging) for early in vivo evaluation of the effects of treatment with the free radical scavenger U74389G in a @entity35 model of temporary focal @entity63 . METHODS: After 45 minutes of @entity2500 , the treatment group (n = 9) received an infusion of U74389G, and the control group (n = 9) received the identical volume of the vehicle. Reperfusion was instituted in both groups after 120 minutes of @entity2500 . The DW images were collected during @entity2500 and reperfusion and were compared with histologically assessed areas of tissue injury after 2 hours of reperfusion. The dynamic perfusion series were processed on a pixel-to-pixel basis to produce parametric maps reflecting the maximum reduction in the signal obtained during the first passage of the contrast agent and the time delay between the arrival of the bolus and the point of maximum contrast-agent effect. RESULTS: The area of @entity63 , as assessed from the DW imaging at 60 minutes of reperfusion, was significantly smaller in the treatment group: 9 +/- 8% of ipsilateral hemisphere compared with 19 +/- 8% in the control group. The histological examination after 2 hours of reperfusion demonstrated an area of @entity63 of 10 +/- 8% for the treatment group compared to 25 +/- 10% in the control group. In the treatment group, the perfusion imaging showed a reduction in time delay to maximum effect of the contrast agent in the @entity63 hemisphere compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The DW imaging during early reperfusion showed a protective effect of postocclusion treatment with the free radical scavenger U74389G. The improvement of time delay to maximum effect of the contrast agent observed in the perfusion imaging of the treatment group may reflect an improvement in the collateral flow to the @entity63 tissue.

title: Perfusion and diffusion-weighted MR imaging for in vivo evaluation of treatment with U74389G in a XXXX stroke model.

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 as a presenting sign of @entity4407 has been infrequently reported. We describe six @entity1 in whom @entity66 was the first manifestation of this @entity66 . A positive endogenous megakaryocyte and/or erythroid colony growth from blood was a diagnostic criterion of @entity4407 in @entity1 with platelets counts lower than 600 x 10(9)/L. CASE DESCRIPTIONS: These six @entity1 represented 0.54% of all @entity1 with first @entity64 , 42.8% of all @entity1503 associated with @entity64 , and 12.5% of all @entity1 with @entity4407 diagnosed from 1986 to 1992 at our institution. Eleven @entity64 (6 transient @entity63 attacks, 5 definitive @entity385 ) were registered. Mean time from @entity385 to diagnosis of @entity4407 was 4.5 months (range, 1 to 12 months). The mean platelet count was 597 x 10(9)/L (range, 414 to 760 x 10(9)/L). Four @entity1 had platelets counts lower than 600 x 10(9)/L. All @entity1 had circulating erythroid progenitors, megakaryocytic progenitors, or both. CONCLUSIONS: @entity385 as a presenting manifestation of @entity4407 is probably underrecognized. The diagnosis of @entity1148 should not be excluded on the basis of platelet counts lower than 600 x 10(9)/L. The availability of in vitro culture of hematopoietic progenitors from peripheral blood makes it possible to diagnose early and atypical cases.

title: XXXX as first manifestation of @entity4407 . Report of six cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebrovascular accidents', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease', 'myeloproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['essential thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarcts', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 as a presenting sign of @entity4407 has been infrequently reported. We describe six @entity1 in whom @entity66 was the first manifestation of this @entity66 . A positive endogenous megakaryocyte and/or erythroid colony growth from blood was a diagnostic criterion of @entity4407 in @entity1 with platelets counts lower than 600 x 10(9)/L. CASE DESCRIPTIONS: These six @entity1 represented 0.54% of all @entity1 with first @entity64 , 42.8% of all @entity1503 associated with @entity64 , and 12.5% of all @entity1 with @entity4407 diagnosed from 1986 to 1992 at our institution. Eleven @entity64 (6 transient @entity63 attacks, 5 definitive @entity385 ) were registered. Mean time from @entity385 to diagnosis of @entity4407 was 4.5 months (range, 1 to 12 months). The mean platelet count was 597 x 10(9)/L (range, 414 to 760 x 10(9)/L). Four @entity1 had platelets counts lower than 600 x 10(9)/L. All @entity1 had circulating erythroid progenitors, megakaryocytic progenitors, or both. CONCLUSIONS: @entity385 as a presenting manifestation of @entity4407 is probably underrecognized. The diagnosis of @entity1148 should not be excluded on the basis of platelet counts lower than 600 x 10(9)/L. The availability of in vitro culture of hematopoietic progenitors from peripheral blood makes it possible to diagnose early and atypical cases.

title: @entity385 as first manifestation of XXXX . Report of six cases.

answer: @entity4407 :: (MESH:D013920,Disease) :: ['essential thrombocythemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation is increasingly used to manage @entity955 , but @entity943 recurrences are common. @entity859 might identify pulmonary veins at risk of reconnection by unmasking dormant conduction, and thereby guide additional ablation to improve @entity943 -free survival. We assessed whether @entity859 -guided @entity358 could prevent @entity943 recurrence in @entity1 undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for @entity955 . METHODS: We did this randomised trial at 18 hospitals in Australia, Europe, and North America. We enrolled @entity1 aged older than 18 years who had had at least three symptomatic @entity955 episodes in the past 6 months, and for whom treatment with an antiarrhythmic drug failed. After @entity358 , intravenous @entity859 was administered. If dormant conduction was present, @entity1 were randomly assigned (1:1) to additional @entity859 -guided ablation to abolish dormant conduction or to no further ablation. If no dormant conduction was revealed, randomly selected @entity1 were included in a registry. @entity1 were masked to treatment allocation and outcomes were assessed by a masked adjudicating committee. @entity1 were followed up for 1 year. The primary outcome was time to symptomatic @entity4710 after a single procedure in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01058980. FINDINGS: @entity859 unmasked dormant pulmonary vein conduction in 284 (53%) of 534 @entity1 . 102 (69  4%) of 147 @entity1 with additional @entity859 -guided ablation were free from symptomatic @entity4710 compared with 58 (42  3%) of 137 @entity1 with no further ablation, corresponding to an absolute risk reduction of 27  1% (95% CI 15  9-38  2; p<0  0001) and a hazard ratio of 0  44 (95% CI 0  31-0  64; p<0  0001). Of 115 @entity1 without dormant pulmonary vein conduction, 64 (55  7%) remained free from symptomatic @entity4710 (p=0  0191 vs dormant conduction with no further ablation). Occurrences of serious adverse events were similar in each group. One @entity204 (massive @entity64 ) was deemed probably related to ablation in a @entity1 included in the registry. INTERPRETATION: @entity859 testing to identify and target dormant pulmonary vein conduction during catheter ablation of @entity955 is a safe and highly effective strategy to improve @entity943 -free survival in @entity1 with @entity955 . This approach should be considered for incorporation into routine clinical practice. FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, St Jude Medical, Biosense-Webster, and M Lachapelle (Montreal Heart Institute Foundation).

title: @entity859 -guided XXXX for the treatment of @entity955 : an international, multicentre, randomised superiority trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation is increasingly used to manage @entity955 , but @entity943 recurrences are common. @entity859 might identify pulmonary veins at risk of reconnection by unmasking dormant conduction, and thereby guide additional ablation to improve @entity943 -free survival. We assessed whether @entity859 -guided @entity358 could prevent @entity943 recurrence in @entity1 undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for @entity955 . METHODS: We did this randomised trial at 18 hospitals in Australia, Europe, and North America. We enrolled @entity1 aged older than 18 years who had had at least three symptomatic @entity955 episodes in the past 6 months, and for whom treatment with an antiarrhythmic drug failed. After @entity358 , intravenous @entity859 was administered. If dormant conduction was present, @entity1 were randomly assigned (1:1) to additional @entity859 -guided ablation to abolish dormant conduction or to no further ablation. If no dormant conduction was revealed, randomly selected @entity1 were included in a registry. @entity1 were masked to treatment allocation and outcomes were assessed by a masked adjudicating committee. @entity1 were followed up for 1 year. The primary outcome was time to symptomatic @entity4710 after a single procedure in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01058980. FINDINGS: @entity859 unmasked dormant pulmonary vein conduction in 284 (53%) of 534 @entity1 . 102 (69  4%) of 147 @entity1 with additional @entity859 -guided ablation were free from symptomatic @entity4710 compared with 58 (42  3%) of 137 @entity1 with no further ablation, corresponding to an absolute risk reduction of 27  1% (95% CI 15  9-38  2; p<0  0001) and a hazard ratio of 0  44 (95% CI 0  31-0  64; p<0  0001). Of 115 @entity1 without dormant pulmonary vein conduction, 64 (55  7%) remained free from symptomatic @entity4710 (p=0  0191 vs dormant conduction with no further ablation). Occurrences of serious adverse events were similar in each group. One @entity204 (massive @entity64 ) was deemed probably related to ablation in a @entity1 included in the registry. INTERPRETATION: @entity859 testing to identify and target dormant pulmonary vein conduction during catheter ablation of @entity955 is a safe and highly effective strategy to improve @entity943 -free survival in @entity1 with @entity955 . This approach should be considered for incorporation into routine clinical practice. FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, St Jude Medical, Biosense-Webster, and M Lachapelle (Montreal Heart Institute Foundation).

title: @entity859 -guided @entity358 for the treatment of XXXX : an international, multicentre, randomised superiority trial.

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter ablation is increasingly used to manage @entity955 , but @entity943 recurrences are common. @entity859 might identify pulmonary veins at risk of reconnection by unmasking dormant conduction, and thereby guide additional ablation to improve @entity943 -free survival. We assessed whether @entity859 -guided @entity358 could prevent @entity943 recurrence in @entity1 undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for @entity955 . METHODS: We did this randomised trial at 18 hospitals in Australia, Europe, and North America. We enrolled @entity1 aged older than 18 years who had had at least three symptomatic @entity955 episodes in the past 6 months, and for whom treatment with an antiarrhythmic drug failed. After @entity358 , intravenous @entity859 was administered. If dormant conduction was present, @entity1 were randomly assigned (1:1) to additional @entity859 -guided ablation to abolish dormant conduction or to no further ablation. If no dormant conduction was revealed, randomly selected @entity1 were included in a registry. @entity1 were masked to treatment allocation and outcomes were assessed by a masked adjudicating committee. @entity1 were followed up for 1 year. The primary outcome was time to symptomatic @entity4710 after a single procedure in the intention-to-treat population. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01058980. FINDINGS: @entity859 unmasked dormant pulmonary vein conduction in 284 (53%) of 534 @entity1 . 102 (69  4%) of 147 @entity1 with additional @entity859 -guided ablation were free from symptomatic @entity4710 compared with 58 (42  3%) of 137 @entity1 with no further ablation, corresponding to an absolute risk reduction of 27  1% (95% CI 15  9-38  2; p<0  0001) and a hazard ratio of 0  44 (95% CI 0  31-0  64; p<0  0001). Of 115 @entity1 without dormant pulmonary vein conduction, 64 (55  7%) remained free from symptomatic @entity4710 (p=0  0191 vs dormant conduction with no further ablation). Occurrences of serious adverse events were similar in each group. One @entity204 (massive @entity64 ) was deemed probably related to ablation in a @entity1 included in the registry. INTERPRETATION: @entity859 testing to identify and target dormant pulmonary vein conduction during catheter ablation of @entity955 is a safe and highly effective strategy to improve @entity943 -free survival in @entity1 with @entity955 . This approach should be considered for incorporation into routine clinical practice. FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, St Jude Medical, Biosense-Webster, and M Lachapelle (Montreal Heart Institute Foundation).

title: XXXX -guided @entity358 for the treatment of @entity955 : an international, multicentre, randomised superiority trial.

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['Adenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anthropometric measurements have been linked to resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment and survival. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity157 treated with @entity2857 or @entity46821 in 2008-2011 were included in this retrospective study. Anthropometric measurements were assessed using computed tomography and were correlated with @entity137 , radiological response, and overall survival. RESULTS: 52 @entity1 were included, Barcelona Clinic Liver Classification B (38%) and C (62%), with a mean value of a-fetoprotein of 29,554  85,654ng/mL, with a median overall survival of 10.5 months. @entity6288 was associated with a greater rate of @entity8566 (P=0.049). Modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (mRECIST) and Choi criteria were significantly associated with survival, but RECIST criteria were not. An absence of @entity8566 and high-visceral fat area were associated with progressive disease as assessed by RECIST and mRECIST criteria. In multivariate analyses, high visceral fat area (HR=3.6; P=0.002), low lean body mass (HR=2.4; P=0.015), and presence of @entity8566 (HR=1.8; P=0.004) were significantly associated with overall survival. In time-dependent multivariate analyses; only high visceral fat area was associated with survival. CONCLUSION: Visceral fat area is associated with survival and seems to be a predictive marker for primary resistance to @entity4149 kinase inhibitors in @entity1 with @entity157 .

title: Visceral fat area predicts survival in @entity1 with @entity157 treated with XXXX kinase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anthropometric measurements have been linked to resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment and survival. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity157 treated with @entity2857 or @entity46821 in 2008-2011 were included in this retrospective study. Anthropometric measurements were assessed using computed tomography and were correlated with @entity137 , radiological response, and overall survival. RESULTS: 52 @entity1 were included, Barcelona Clinic Liver Classification B (38%) and C (62%), with a mean value of a-fetoprotein of 29,554  85,654ng/mL, with a median overall survival of 10.5 months. @entity6288 was associated with a greater rate of @entity8566 (P=0.049). Modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (mRECIST) and Choi criteria were significantly associated with survival, but RECIST criteria were not. An absence of @entity8566 and high-visceral fat area were associated with progressive disease as assessed by RECIST and mRECIST criteria. In multivariate analyses, high visceral fat area (HR=3.6; P=0.002), low lean body mass (HR=2.4; P=0.015), and presence of @entity8566 (HR=1.8; P=0.004) were significantly associated with overall survival. In time-dependent multivariate analyses; only high visceral fat area was associated with survival. CONCLUSION: Visceral fat area is associated with survival and seems to be a predictive marker for primary resistance to @entity4149 kinase inhibitors in @entity1 with @entity157 .

title: Visceral fat area predicts survival in @entity1 with XXXX treated with @entity4149 kinase inhibitors.

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anthropometric measurements have been linked to resistance to anti-angiogenic treatment and survival. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity157 treated with @entity2857 or @entity46821 in 2008-2011 were included in this retrospective study. Anthropometric measurements were assessed using computed tomography and were correlated with @entity137 , radiological response, and overall survival. RESULTS: 52 @entity1 were included, Barcelona Clinic Liver Classification B (38%) and C (62%), with a mean value of a-fetoprotein of 29,554  85,654ng/mL, with a median overall survival of 10.5 months. @entity6288 was associated with a greater rate of @entity8566 (P=0.049). Modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumours (mRECIST) and Choi criteria were significantly associated with survival, but RECIST criteria were not. An absence of @entity8566 and high-visceral fat area were associated with progressive disease as assessed by RECIST and mRECIST criteria. In multivariate analyses, high visceral fat area (HR=3.6; P=0.002), low lean body mass (HR=2.4; P=0.015), and presence of @entity8566 (HR=1.8; P=0.004) were significantly associated with overall survival. In time-dependent multivariate analyses; only high visceral fat area was associated with survival. CONCLUSION: Visceral fat area is associated with survival and seems to be a predictive marker for primary resistance to @entity4149 kinase inhibitors in @entity1 with @entity157 .

title: Visceral fat area predicts survival in XXXX with @entity157 treated with @entity4149 kinase inhibitors.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Partial splenectomy has emerged as a surgical option for selected @entity1 with @entity7276 , with the goal of reducing @entity417 while preserving splenic function. This multi-institutional study is the largest series to date examining outcomes data for partial splenectomy in @entity1 with @entity7276 . METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively from 5 North American pediatric hospitals. Sixty-two @entity1 underwent partial splenectomy for @entity7276 between 1990 and 2008. RESULTS: At 1 year following partial splenectomy, mean hemoglobin significantly increased by 3.0    1.4 g/dL (n = 52), reticulocyte count decreased by 6.6%    6.6% (n = 41), and @entity648 level decreased by 1.3    0.9 mg/dL (n = 25). @entity1 with poor or transient hematologic response were found to have significantly more splenic regeneration postoperatively compared with @entity1 with a durable clinical response (maximal spleen dimension, 9.0    3.4 vs 6.3    2.2 cm). Clinically significant recurrence of @entity417 or @entity490 led to completion splenectomy in 4.84% of @entity1 . No @entity1 developed @entity295 . CONCLUSIONS: Our multi-institutional review indicates that partial splenectomy for @entity7276 leads to sustained and clinically significant improvement in hematologic profiles and clinical symptoms in most @entity1 . Our data support partial splenectomy as an alternative for selected @entity1 with @entity7276 .

title: Partial splenectomy for XXXX : a multi-institutional review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['postsplenectomy sepsis']

entities_list: @entity7276 :: ('MESH:D013103', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary spherocytosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity7276 :: (MESH:D013103,Disease) :: ['hereditary spherocytosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Test with an @entity12870 ( @entity12870 ) to assess whether an unpreserved cadaver @entity130 training course, including upper and lower limb vascular exposure, improves correct identification of surgical landmarks, underlying anatomy, and shortens time to vascular control. DESIGN: Prospective study of performance of 3 vascular exposure and control procedures (axillary, brachial, and femoral arteries) using @entity12870 metrics by 2 colocated and trained evaluators before and after training with the Advanced Surgical Skills Exposure for @entity130 (ASSET) course. @entity12870 , including identification of anatomical landmarks, incisions, underlying structures, and time to completion of each procedure was compared before and after training using repeated measurement models. SETTING: Audio-video instrumented cadaver laboratory at University of Maryland School of Medicine. @entity1 : A total of 41 second to sixth year surgical residents from surgical programs throughout Mid-Atlantic States who had not previously taken the ASSET course were enrolled, 40 completed the pre- and post-ASSET performance evaluations. RESULTS: After ASSET training, all components of @entity12870 increased and time shortened for each of the 3 artery exposures. Procedure steps performed correctly increased 57%, anatomical knowledge increased 43% and skin incision to passage of a vessel loop twice around the correct vessel decreased by a mean of 2.5 minutes. An overall vascular @entity130 readiness index, a comprehensive @entity12870 score for 3 procedures increased 28% with ASSET Training. CONCLUSIONS: Improved knowledge of surface landmarks and underlying anatomy is associated with increased @entity12870 , faster procedures, more accurate incision placement, and successful vascular control. Structural recognition during specific procedural steps and anatomical knowledge were key points learned during the ASSET course. Such training may accelerate acquisition of specific @entity130 surgery skills to compensate for shortened training hours, infrequent exposure to major @entity1317 , or when just-in-time training is necessary. @entity12870 is a benchmark for competence in extremity vascular control.

title: Using an Individual Procedure Score Before and After the Advanced Surgical Skills Exposure for XXXX Course Training to Benchmark a Hemorrhage-Control Performance Metric.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity12870 :: ('MESH:D055191', 'Disease') :: ['IPS', 'individual procedure score']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: High intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of primary @entity263 is increasing in a subset of @entity1 seeking definitive treatment with reduced morbidity. We review outcomes in @entity1 undergoing salvage radical prostatectomy after failed whole gland high intensity focused ultrasound. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective data were collected for @entity1 presenting with an increasing @entity1486 and biopsy proven @entity263 after high intensity focused ultrasound from 2007 to 2010 who underwent salvage open radical prostatectomy with a 22-month median followup, including @entity1486 , prostate volume, pathology results, continence and erectile function. RESULTS: Data for 15 @entity1 were available, including median age 64 years (IQR 55-69), Gleason score before high intensity focused ultrasound of 6 (8), Gleason score 7 (7), median cores positive 39% (IQR 17%-63%) and median @entity1486 7 ng/ml (IQR 5-8). Whole gland high intensity focused ultrasound achieved median nadir @entity1486 1.1 ng/ml (IQR 0.5-3.1). Biopsy after high intensity focused ultrasound demonstrated Gleason score 6 (in 3 @entity1 ), 7 (9) and 8/9 (3), and 42% (IQR 25%-50%) cores positive and a median time from high intensity focused ultrasound to radical prostatectomy of 22 months (IQR 7-26). Perioperative morbidity was limited to 1 transfusion in a @entity1 with a @entity130 . Pathologically extensive @entity82 was found with persistent @entity263 , as pT3 disease (in 9 of 14), Gleason scores 6 (2), 7 (9) and 8 of 9 (4), with focally positive margins in 3 of 11 (pT3a). Postoperative @entity1486 was unrecordable in 14 of 15 @entity1 with further treatment in 2. Postoperative continence (more than 12 months of followup) yielded no pad use in 6 of 10 @entity1 with universally poor erectile function. CONCLUSIONS: Radical prostatectomy as salvage is feasible for @entity1 in whom high intensity focused ultrasound failed, but with a higher morbidity than for primary surgery. Pathology results are alarming given the number of cases with extraprostatic extension yet early followup data suggest acceptable oncologic control. These results should be factored in when counseling @entity1 who wish to undergo primary high intensity focused ultrasound.

title: Salvage radical prostatectomy following primary high intensity focused ultrasound for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['periprostatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['rectal injury']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent literature demonstrates a lower incidence of @entity4269 with breast reconstruction. This study compared the incidence of @entity4269 after axillary dissection in a propensity-matched cohort of @entity1 with and without immediate breast reconstruction. METHODS: A review of @entity1 undergoing axillary lymphadenectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction from January 1, 2000, to July 1, 2013, was conducted. Comorbidities, @entity5 treatment, operative characteristics, and pathologic findings were reviewed. The primary outcome was @entity86 . Univariate analysis identified baseline differences between the @entity1 groups. Cohorts were propensity-matched by age, body mass index greater than 30 kg/m, adjuvant radiation therapy, @entity65 , and @entity101 . Subsequent multivariate regression was performed to identify independent predictors of @entity4269 among matched @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 4647 @entity1 underwent @entity0 resection, with 1955 having axillary lymphadenectomy (no reconstruction, n = 1200; autologous, n = 563; implant-based, n = 192). Matching yielded a cohort of 239 reconstruction and 239 no-reconstruction @entity1 demonstrating no differences in age, body mass index, @entity101 , adjuvant radiation therapy, or axillary dissection extent. With 55.9 months' follow-up, @entity86 was diagnosed in 94 @entity1 (19.7 percent). Reconstruction @entity1 developed @entity4269 in 19.2 percent of cases versus 20.1 percent for no- reconstruction @entity1 (p = 0.82). Regression identified two independent predictors of @entity4269 : postoperative radiation therapy (OR, 2.90; p < 0.001) and @entity28 (OR, 2.36; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a 19.7 percent incidence of @entity4269 following axillary lymphadenectomy. Reconstruction does not appear to alter @entity4269 risk, whereas postoperative radiation therapy, @entity28 , and extensive axillary dissection greatly increase risk. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.

title: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of the Influence of Breast Reconstruction on Subsequent Development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['Lymphedema']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate intermediate-term oncologic and renal functional outcome of laparoendoscopic single-site radical nephrectomy (LESS-RN) in the treatment of localized @entity703 . METHODS: We performed a chart review of @entity1 who underwent LESS-RN between 2009 and 2011 at our institution. @entity1 with a minimum of 3 years of follow-up were included in this study. The demographic data and main perioperative outcome variables were analyzed. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using the Modification of Diet @entity8 equation. @entity740 ( @entity740 ) was calculated. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival (OS), @entity5 -specific survival (CSS), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to show predicting factors for an undesirable outcome arbitrarily defined as any one or more of the following events: surgical conversion, complication of Clavien grade >2, new onset of @entity740 stages >= 3 at the latest follow-up, or @entity5 recurrence or @entity3 . RESULTS: A total of 51 @entity1 were included with a median follow-up of 41 (interquartile range: 38-45) months. The OS, CSS, and @entity5 rates at 3 years were 100%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. There was a 74.5% (38/51) upstaging of @entity740 at the latest follow-up, with 22 @entity1 (43.1%) who developed a new onset of @entity740 stages >= 3. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity1 age, body mass index, Charlson comorbidity index, early surgeon experience, and follow-up duration (all p   <   0.05) have increased the odds of an undesirable outcome. CONCLUSIONS: For localized @entity703 , LESS-RN is effective in oncologic control at an intermediate follow-up interval but, similar to other kinds of RN technique, it is associated with worsened renal functional outcomes.

title: Oncologic and Functional Outcomes of Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Radical Nephrectomy for Localized XXXX : A Single Surgeon's Series with a Minimum of 3-Year Follow-Up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-free survival', 'CFS', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Upstaging of chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Kidney Cancer']


abstract: The important questions to be answered in the course of decision-making in @entity1 with @entity6875 include the following: 1. Is the eye problem owing to @entity6875 ? If not, the cause of the eye problem must be sought. 2. Does the @entity1 have serious medical problems apart from the thyroid and the eyes? Define type and severity, and risk to life and well-being. Do they preclude anesthesia or @entity134 therapy? 3. Is the @entity1 euthyroid? @entity1374 and treat. 4. Is the eye problem the highest medical priority for the @entity1 and the physician? If not, treat the highest priority, then return to the eyes. 5. Which particular manifestations of @entity6875 are the most troublesome to the @entity1 ? Establish priorities according to need and rational order for surgical procedures. 6. How have the eyes been treated in the past? What has been successful? What side effects have resulted? In the evaluation of a @entity1 with possible @entity6875 , no single clinical or laboratory feature is necessary or pathognomonic of the disorder. The sufficient findings for a diagnosis are a matter of clinical judgment. Several diagnostic tools including CT scanning, various ophthalmologic examinations, and studies of thyroid function are available. The physician must use these tools, along with clinical judgment, to establish the diagnosis with maximum certainty. Following this, the particular manifestations of the disease that are most troublesome to the @entity1 must be carefully defined and assessed. Only then can the treatment be optimally tailored to the @entity1 's needs.

title: Diagnostic evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy"]

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Define thyroid abnormality']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['Graves' ophthalmopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Offspring of parents with @entity162 ( @entity162 ) have been shown to be at high risk for @entity162 . @entity148 , even at subclinical levels, have been associated with increased risk for @entity162 in these youth. The s-allele of the @entity750 transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of both @entity162 and @entity148 and has been associated with pharmacological treatment response and increased risk for antidepressant side effects. Therefore, we aimed to explore 1) whether @entity148 in offspring of @entity162 parents were associated with presence of the 5-HTTLPR s-allele and 2) whether @entity148 in the offspring of @entity162 parents according to the 5-HTTLPR genotypes are related to antianxiety medication status. METHODS: A total of 64 offspring of @entity162 parents (mean age: 13.7 years) and 51 healthy controls (HC) (mean age: 13.7 years) were compared genetically and on the Multidimensional @entity148 Scale for @entity1 (MASC). RESULTS: Offspring of @entity162 parents showed higher levels of overall @entity148 than did the HC group. Only antianxiety medication na  ve offspring of @entity162 parents were found to have an association between 5-HTTLPR genotypes and @entity148 . The antianxiety medication na  ve offspring of @entity162 parents with the s-allele showed higher level of overall @entity148 than offspring of @entity162 parents with the l/l genotype. No significant differences in @entity148 or their association with the 5-HTTLPR genotype were found in the HC group. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that there may be an association between 5-HTTLPR genotypes and @entity148 in offspring of @entity162 parents, and that antianxiety medication status may affect @entity148 in the offspring of @entity162 @entity1 according to genotype.

title: Association of XXXX Symptoms in Offspring of Bipolar Parents with @entity750 Transporter-Linked Polymorphic Region (5-HTTLPR) Genotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Offspring of parents with @entity162 ( @entity162 ) have been shown to be at high risk for @entity162 . @entity148 , even at subclinical levels, have been associated with increased risk for @entity162 in these youth. The s-allele of the @entity750 transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of both @entity162 and @entity148 and has been associated with pharmacological treatment response and increased risk for antidepressant side effects. Therefore, we aimed to explore 1) whether @entity148 in offspring of @entity162 parents were associated with presence of the 5-HTTLPR s-allele and 2) whether @entity148 in the offspring of @entity162 parents according to the 5-HTTLPR genotypes are related to antianxiety medication status. METHODS: A total of 64 offspring of @entity162 parents (mean age: 13.7 years) and 51 healthy controls (HC) (mean age: 13.7 years) were compared genetically and on the Multidimensional @entity148 Scale for @entity1 (MASC). RESULTS: Offspring of @entity162 parents showed higher levels of overall @entity148 than did the HC group. Only antianxiety medication na  ve offspring of @entity162 parents were found to have an association between 5-HTTLPR genotypes and @entity148 . The antianxiety medication na  ve offspring of @entity162 parents with the s-allele showed higher level of overall @entity148 than offspring of @entity162 parents with the l/l genotype. No significant differences in @entity148 or their association with the 5-HTTLPR genotype were found in the HC group. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that there may be an association between 5-HTTLPR genotypes and @entity148 in offspring of @entity162 parents, and that antianxiety medication status may affect @entity148 in the offspring of @entity162 @entity1 according to genotype.

title: Association of @entity148 Symptoms in Offspring of Bipolar Parents with XXXX Transporter-Linked Polymorphic Region (5-HTTLPR) Genotype.

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['Serotonin']


abstract: We have examined the relative contribution of @entity3179 , activated coagulants, procoagulants and vessel wall damage in the pathogenesis of experimental @entity49 . Using a @entity3179 model in @entity95 , we found an inverse correlation between duration of @entity3179 and the amount of Contact Factor and Factor Xa required to produce a @entity3179 @entity715 . However, the slope of the dose-response curve for producing thrombi was different with these two coagulants. The infusion of Factor IX complex was also thrombogenic in this model despite prolonged circulation prior to @entity3179 , implying that high levels of multiple procoagulants may be thrombogenic. In contrast, Factor VIII concentrates or a purified Factor IX preparation did not give thrombi under these conditions. When the vessel wall was crushed mechanically, followed by restored blood flow and subsequent @entity3179 , there was essentially no formation of thrombi over the time course of the experiments. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that although the endothelium was swollen and damaged, there was usually no exposure of sub-endothelium and no adherence platelets. Where there was definite disruption of the endothelium, activated platelets could be seen adhering to the vessel wall. However, the blood in the segments remained fluid over a period of 30 min, despite the presence of adherent platelets. Our experiments demonstrated that the combination of vessel wall damage and @entity3179 was relatively ineffective in producing @entity49 . In contrast, high levels of zymogens or small amounts of activated clotting factors, combined with local @entity3179 , is a very effective thrombogenic stimulus in the venous system.

title: Experimental studies on XXXX : effect of coagulants, procoagulants and vessel contusion.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['Wessler stasis', 'stasis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']