abstract: UNASSIGNED: The interleukin (IL)-17 cytokine family participates in the regulation of many cellular functions. In the present study, we analyzed the genomic structure, expression, and promoter activity of four IL-17 members from the teleost fish @entity32453 ( @entity32453 ), i.e. @entity72200 @entity72201 , CsIL-17F, and IL-17F like (IL-17Fl). We found that @entity72200 , @entity72201 , CsIL-17F, and CsIL-17Fl share 21.2%-28.6% overall sequence identities among themselves and 31.5%-71.2% overall sequence identities with their counterparts in other teleost. All four CsIL-17 members possess an IL-17 domain and four conserved @entity462 residues. Phylogenetic analysis classified the four CsIL-17 members into three clusters. Under normal physiological conditions, the four CsIL-17 expressed in multiple tissues, especially non-immune tissues. @entity2348 upregulated the expression of all four CsIL-17, while viral infection upregulated the expression of @entity72201 and CsIL-17Fl but downregulated the expression of @entity72200 and CsIL-17F. The 1.2  kb 5'-flanking regions of the four CsIL-17 exhibited apparent promoter activity and contain a number of putative transcription factor-binding sites. Furthermore, the promoter activities of @entity72200 , @entity72201 , and CsIL-17F, but not CsIL-17Fl, were modulated to significant extents by lipopolysaccharide, PolyI:C, and @entity4515 . This study provides the first evidence that in teleost, different IL-17 members differ in expression pattern and promoter activity.

title: Comparative study of four interleukin 17 cytokines of @entity32453 XXXX : Genomic structure, expression pattern, and promoter activity.

answer: @entity32453 :: (244447,Species) :: ['Cynoglossus semilaevis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity26223 has been shown in two randomized clinical trials to be effective in alleviating systemic symptoms and reducing spleen size in @entity1 with @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ). We retrospectively evaluated efficacy and tolerability of @entity26223 in a cohort of unselected @entity4018 @entity1 treated in routine clinical practice. One hundred and two @entity1 who began @entity26223 therapy were identified in 13 participating centers. Ninety three of the @entity1 receiving @entity26223 for at least 3 months were evaluated for treatment efficacy and @entity137 . Median age at @entity26223 initiation was 67 years. Indications for treatment were constitutional symptoms (15%), symptomatic @entity381 (6%) or both (76%). Two @entity1 received @entity26223 for other indications. The median initial @entity26223 dose was 30mg/day. Median duration of therapy was 11 months. Eighty two @entity1 (88.2%) responded to therapy, 76 (84.4%) @entity1 had improvement in constitutional symptoms and 60 @entity1 (70.6%) had reduction in spleen length. While on @entity26223 , 30% of @entity1 had grade 3-4 @entity417 and 12.9% of @entity1 had grade 3-4 @entity882 . Thirteen @entity1 (14%) discontinued therapy. This analysis of a cohort of @entity4018 @entity1 treated with @entity26223 in routine clinical practice demonstrates the efficacy and tolerability of this drug outside of a highly monitored clinical trial setting.

title: XXXX treatment for @entity4018 : Efficacy and tolerability in routine practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity26223 :: ('MESH:C540383', 'Chemical') :: ['ruxolitinib', 'Ruxolitinib']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

answer: @entity26223 :: (MESH:C540383,Chemical) :: ['Ruxolitinib']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity26223 has been shown in two randomized clinical trials to be effective in alleviating systemic symptoms and reducing spleen size in @entity1 with @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ). We retrospectively evaluated efficacy and tolerability of @entity26223 in a cohort of unselected @entity4018 @entity1 treated in routine clinical practice. One hundred and two @entity1 who began @entity26223 therapy were identified in 13 participating centers. Ninety three of the @entity1 receiving @entity26223 for at least 3 months were evaluated for treatment efficacy and @entity137 . Median age at @entity26223 initiation was 67 years. Indications for treatment were constitutional symptoms (15%), symptomatic @entity381 (6%) or both (76%). Two @entity1 received @entity26223 for other indications. The median initial @entity26223 dose was 30mg/day. Median duration of therapy was 11 months. Eighty two @entity1 (88.2%) responded to therapy, 76 (84.4%) @entity1 had improvement in constitutional symptoms and 60 @entity1 (70.6%) had reduction in spleen length. While on @entity26223 , 30% of @entity1 had grade 3-4 @entity417 and 12.9% of @entity1 had grade 3-4 @entity882 . Thirteen @entity1 (14%) discontinued therapy. This analysis of a cohort of @entity4018 @entity1 treated with @entity26223 in routine clinical practice demonstrates the efficacy and tolerability of this drug outside of a highly monitored clinical trial setting.

title: @entity26223 treatment for XXXX : Efficacy and tolerability in routine practice.

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['myelofibrosis']


abstract: In order to investigate the @entity660 caused by the @entity281 with either H7N1 or H7N3 low-pathogenicity avian @entity683 viruses, 28 experimentally infected @entity233 were submitted for histopathology, immunohistochemistry, haematobiochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction after different days post- @entity281 (DPI). The localization of viral antigen and the measurement of @entity19352 and glucagon expression in the pancreas were assessed to verify the progression from @entity788 to @entity209 , such as @entity6 . At the early @entity281 phase (4-7 DPI), a severe @entity656 was recognized. During the intermediate phase (8-17 DPI), a mixed acute/chronic change associated with regenerative ductular proliferation was observed. A loss of pancreatic islets was detected in most severe cases and viral antigen was found in the pancreas of 11/28 @entity233 (4-10 DPI) with the most severe histological damage. In @entity233 euthanized at 39 DPI (late phase), a @entity1689 was observed with the reestablishment of both the exocrine and the endocrine pancreas. @entity19352 and glucagon expression manifested a progressive decrease with subsequent ductular positivity. Haematobiochemistry revealed @entity101 in the first week post- @entity281 and hyperglycaemia in the second, with a progressive normalization within 21 DPI. This study allowed the identification of progressive @entity660 , suggesting that @entity683 virus might be responsible for metabolic derangements. Moreover, it highlighted a remarkable post-damage hyperplastic and reparative process from a presumptive common exocrine/endocrine precursor. This potential regeneration deserves further investigation for its relevance in a therapeutic perspective to replace lost and non-functional cells in @entity6 .

title: Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of exocrine and endocrine XXXX in avian @entity683 A experimentally infected @entity233 showing evidence of pancreatic regeneration.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased lipasemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['virus-associated exocrine and endocrine pancreatic damage', 'pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fibrosing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic lesions']


abstract: In order to investigate the @entity660 caused by the @entity281 with either H7N1 or H7N3 low-pathogenicity avian @entity683 viruses, 28 experimentally infected @entity233 were submitted for histopathology, immunohistochemistry, haematobiochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction after different days post- @entity281 (DPI). The localization of viral antigen and the measurement of @entity19352 and glucagon expression in the pancreas were assessed to verify the progression from @entity788 to @entity209 , such as @entity6 . At the early @entity281 phase (4-7 DPI), a severe @entity656 was recognized. During the intermediate phase (8-17 DPI), a mixed acute/chronic change associated with regenerative ductular proliferation was observed. A loss of pancreatic islets was detected in most severe cases and viral antigen was found in the pancreas of 11/28 @entity233 (4-10 DPI) with the most severe histological damage. In @entity233 euthanized at 39 DPI (late phase), a @entity1689 was observed with the reestablishment of both the exocrine and the endocrine pancreas. @entity19352 and glucagon expression manifested a progressive decrease with subsequent ductular positivity. Haematobiochemistry revealed @entity101 in the first week post- @entity281 and hyperglycaemia in the second, with a progressive normalization within 21 DPI. This study allowed the identification of progressive @entity660 , suggesting that @entity683 virus might be responsible for metabolic derangements. Moreover, it highlighted a remarkable post-damage hyperplastic and reparative process from a presumptive common exocrine/endocrine precursor. This potential regeneration deserves further investigation for its relevance in a therapeutic perspective to replace lost and non-functional cells in @entity6 .

title: Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of exocrine and endocrine @entity660 in avian @entity683 A experimentally infected XXXX showing evidence of pancreatic regeneration.

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkeys']


abstract: In order to investigate the @entity660 caused by the @entity281 with either H7N1 or H7N3 low-pathogenicity avian @entity683 viruses, 28 experimentally infected @entity233 were submitted for histopathology, immunohistochemistry, haematobiochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction after different days post- @entity281 (DPI). The localization of viral antigen and the measurement of @entity19352 and glucagon expression in the pancreas were assessed to verify the progression from @entity788 to @entity209 , such as @entity6 . At the early @entity281 phase (4-7 DPI), a severe @entity656 was recognized. During the intermediate phase (8-17 DPI), a mixed acute/chronic change associated with regenerative ductular proliferation was observed. A loss of pancreatic islets was detected in most severe cases and viral antigen was found in the pancreas of 11/28 @entity233 (4-10 DPI) with the most severe histological damage. In @entity233 euthanized at 39 DPI (late phase), a @entity1689 was observed with the reestablishment of both the exocrine and the endocrine pancreas. @entity19352 and glucagon expression manifested a progressive decrease with subsequent ductular positivity. Haematobiochemistry revealed @entity101 in the first week post- @entity281 and hyperglycaemia in the second, with a progressive normalization within 21 DPI. This study allowed the identification of progressive @entity660 , suggesting that @entity683 virus might be responsible for metabolic derangements. Moreover, it highlighted a remarkable post-damage hyperplastic and reparative process from a presumptive common exocrine/endocrine precursor. This potential regeneration deserves further investigation for its relevance in a therapeutic perspective to replace lost and non-functional cells in @entity6 .

title: Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of exocrine and endocrine @entity660 in avian XXXX A experimentally infected @entity233 showing evidence of pancreatic regeneration.

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study photodecomposition, photomutagenicity and @entity137 of @entity6247 (RP), a principal storage form of @entity904 in @entity1 and animals, under He- @entity33548 laser photoirradiation. Moreover, the effect of different concentrations and timing protocol of antioxidants on photodynamic therapy (PDT) is contradictory, so the effect of RP (as antioxidant) on the PDT @entity137 was studied. METHODS: Photomutagenicity was tested by Ames test. Photodecomposition was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy. @entity137 was measured with @entity98 -assay. Moreover, the effect of PDT, using @entity3838 derivatives (HpD) as photosensitizer under He- @entity33548 laser irradiation (10 J/cm(2)), was studied on HeLa cells either with or without RP (1-100  M) which incubated with the cells for short or long incubation period (1h or 24 h) prior to PDT. RESULTS: No photodecomposition of RP alone was obseved whereas there is a little photodecomposition of RP only in presence of HpD under irradiation with He- @entity33548 laser. Moreover, no photomutagenicity was observed in @entity2491 strains under laser irradiation in presence or absence of HpD. RP alone (1-100 M) significantly decrease the viability of HeLa cells. Laser irradiation of HeLa cells pre-incubated with RP alone for 24h showed further significant decrease in viability of the cells. While RP incubations for 1h before PDT had slight effect on the cells, 24 h incubation before PDT enhanced the @entity137 of PDT on HeLa cells. CONCLUSIONS: RP can be used 24 h before PDT to enhance its effects. RP is not mutagenic under irradiation with He- @entity33548 laser.

title: Photodecomposition, photomutagenicity and photocytotoxicity of @entity6247 under He- XXXX laser photoirradiation and its effects on photodynamic therapy of cancer cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity6247 :: ('MESH:C014794', 'Chemical') :: ['retinyl palmitate']

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity3838 :: ('MESH:D006415', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoporphyrin']

answer: @entity33548 :: (D009638,Chemical) :: ['Ne']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study photodecomposition, photomutagenicity and @entity137 of @entity6247 (RP), a principal storage form of @entity904 in @entity1 and animals, under He- @entity33548 laser photoirradiation. Moreover, the effect of different concentrations and timing protocol of antioxidants on photodynamic therapy (PDT) is contradictory, so the effect of RP (as antioxidant) on the PDT @entity137 was studied. METHODS: Photomutagenicity was tested by Ames test. Photodecomposition was studied by UV-vis spectroscopy. @entity137 was measured with @entity98 -assay. Moreover, the effect of PDT, using @entity3838 derivatives (HpD) as photosensitizer under He- @entity33548 laser irradiation (10 J/cm(2)), was studied on HeLa cells either with or without RP (1-100  M) which incubated with the cells for short or long incubation period (1h or 24 h) prior to PDT. RESULTS: No photodecomposition of RP alone was obseved whereas there is a little photodecomposition of RP only in presence of HpD under irradiation with He- @entity33548 laser. Moreover, no photomutagenicity was observed in @entity2491 strains under laser irradiation in presence or absence of HpD. RP alone (1-100 M) significantly decrease the viability of HeLa cells. Laser irradiation of HeLa cells pre-incubated with RP alone for 24h showed further significant decrease in viability of the cells. While RP incubations for 1h before PDT had slight effect on the cells, 24 h incubation before PDT enhanced the @entity137 of PDT on HeLa cells. CONCLUSIONS: RP can be used 24 h before PDT to enhance its effects. RP is not mutagenic under irradiation with He- @entity33548 laser.

title: Photodecomposition, photomutagenicity and photocytotoxicity of XXXX under He- @entity33548 laser photoirradiation and its effects on photodynamic therapy of cancer cells in vitro.

answer: @entity6247 :: (MESH:C014794,Chemical) :: ['retinyl palmitate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The treatment of Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura (HSP) with moderate @entity644 remains controversial. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of immune suppressants, with a particular emphasis on @entity618 ( @entity2098 ). METHODS: Ninety-five HSP @entity1 with moderate @entity644 (1.0-3.5 g/24 h) after at least three months of therapy with @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or @entity6071 ( @entity6071 ) were divided into three groups: an @entity2098 group (n=33) that received @entity2098 1.0-1.5 g/d combined with @entity229 (0.4-0.5 mg/(kg  d)), a corticosteroid (CS) group (n=31) that received full-dose @entity229 (0.8-1.0 mg/(kg  d)), and a control group (n=31). @entity1 in the @entity2098 and CS groups continued to take ACEI or @entity6071 at the original dose. The @entity1 in the control group continued to take ACEI or @entity6071 but the dose was increased by (1.73  0.58)-fold. The @entity1 were followed up for 6-78 months (median 28 months). RESULTS: The baseline @entity644 was higher in the @entity2098 group ((2.1  0.9) g/24 h) than in the control group ((1.6  0.8) g/24 h) (P=0.039). The @entity644 decreased significantly in all groups during follow-up, but only in the @entity2098 group did it decrease significantly after the first month. At the end of follow-up, the @entity644 was (0.4  0.7) g/24 h in the @entity2098 group and (0.4  0.4) g/24 h in the CS group, significantly lower than that in the control group ((0.9  1.1) g/24 h). The remission rates in the @entity2098 group, CS group, and control group were respectively 72.7%, 71.0%, and 48.4% at six months and 72.7%, 64.5%, and 45.2% at the end of follow-up. The overall number of reported adverse events was 17 in the @entity2098 group, 30 in the CS group, and 6 in the control group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2098 with low-dose @entity229 may be as effective as full-dose @entity229 and tend to have fewer adverse events. Therefore, it is probably superior to conservative treatments of adult HSP @entity1 with moderate @entity644 .

title: @entity618 plus XXXX for inducing remission of Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura nephritis: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6071 :: ('MESH:C562709', 'Disease') :: ['ARB', 'angiotensin receptor blocker']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The treatment of Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura (HSP) with moderate @entity644 remains controversial. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of immune suppressants, with a particular emphasis on @entity618 ( @entity2098 ). METHODS: Ninety-five HSP @entity1 with moderate @entity644 (1.0-3.5 g/24 h) after at least three months of therapy with @entity7774 -converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or @entity6071 ( @entity6071 ) were divided into three groups: an @entity2098 group (n=33) that received @entity2098 1.0-1.5 g/d combined with @entity229 (0.4-0.5 mg/(kg  d)), a corticosteroid (CS) group (n=31) that received full-dose @entity229 (0.8-1.0 mg/(kg  d)), and a control group (n=31). @entity1 in the @entity2098 and CS groups continued to take ACEI or @entity6071 at the original dose. The @entity1 in the control group continued to take ACEI or @entity6071 but the dose was increased by (1.73  0.58)-fold. The @entity1 were followed up for 6-78 months (median 28 months). RESULTS: The baseline @entity644 was higher in the @entity2098 group ((2.1  0.9) g/24 h) than in the control group ((1.6  0.8) g/24 h) (P=0.039). The @entity644 decreased significantly in all groups during follow-up, but only in the @entity2098 group did it decrease significantly after the first month. At the end of follow-up, the @entity644 was (0.4  0.7) g/24 h in the @entity2098 group and (0.4  0.4) g/24 h in the CS group, significantly lower than that in the control group ((0.9  1.1) g/24 h). The remission rates in the @entity2098 group, CS group, and control group were respectively 72.7%, 71.0%, and 48.4% at six months and 72.7%, 64.5%, and 45.2% at the end of follow-up. The overall number of reported adverse events was 17 in the @entity2098 group, 30 in the CS group, and 6 in the control group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2098 with low-dose @entity229 may be as effective as full-dose @entity229 and tend to have fewer adverse events. Therefore, it is probably superior to conservative treatments of adult HSP @entity1 with moderate @entity644 .

title: XXXX plus @entity229 for inducing remission of Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura nephritis: a retrospective study.

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['Mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The role of @entity286 in the pathogenesis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been clearly established. Based on the epidemiological evidence that smoking may influence @entity2 progression, we investigated the idea that smoking behavior could be associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in this group of @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 351 @entity1 with @entity2 (311 @entity1 and 40 @entity1 ) were reviewed. Smoking status was assessed as @entity286 users or non-users. To calculate pack-years of smoking, the average of number of cigarettes smoked per day was divided by 20 to give packs per day, and then multiplied by the total number of years of smoking. @entity1349 was the main outcome measure. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 3.3        1.2 years. Kaplan-Meier plots of @entity1349 by use of @entity286 revealed significant differences by smoking status (log-rank   =   5.44, P   <   0.01), indicating a reduced survival rate in @entity286 users. The effect on @entity1349 of the amount of cigarette smoking was also evident when we subdivided the former and current smokers into    <=7 (mean value) pack-years and >7 pack-years groups (log-rank   =   4.27, P   <   0.05). After adjusting for all potential confounders, @entity286 smoking retained its independent prognostic significance for @entity1349 (hazard ratio   =   1.53, 95% confidence interval   =   1.19-2.17, P   =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that cigarette smoking is significantly associated with a poor prognosis among @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 in a dose-dependent manner.

title: Smoking habits are an independent prognostic factor in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'LC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The role of @entity286 in the pathogenesis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been clearly established. Based on the epidemiological evidence that smoking may influence @entity2 progression, we investigated the idea that smoking behavior could be associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in this group of @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 351 @entity1 with @entity2 (311 @entity1 and 40 @entity1 ) were reviewed. Smoking status was assessed as @entity286 users or non-users. To calculate pack-years of smoking, the average of number of cigarettes smoked per day was divided by 20 to give packs per day, and then multiplied by the total number of years of smoking. @entity1349 was the main outcome measure. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 3.3        1.2 years. Kaplan-Meier plots of @entity1349 by use of @entity286 revealed significant differences by smoking status (log-rank   =   5.44, P   <   0.01), indicating a reduced survival rate in @entity286 users. The effect on @entity1349 of the amount of cigarette smoking was also evident when we subdivided the former and current smokers into    <=7 (mean value) pack-years and >7 pack-years groups (log-rank   =   4.27, P   <   0.05). After adjusting for all potential confounders, @entity286 smoking retained its independent prognostic significance for @entity1349 (hazard ratio   =   1.53, 95% confidence interval   =   1.19-2.17, P   =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that cigarette smoking is significantly associated with a poor prognosis among @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 in a dose-dependent manner.

title: Smoking habits are an independent prognostic factor in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The neuropathological features of the " @entity11460 " have, in the past, been unsettled. The position was recently clarified by Oppenheimer who reviewed the 51 reported @entity1 with @entity11460 in whom neuropathological findings were given. He divided these cases into two groups. Group I included those with lesions of the pigmented nuclei of the brain stem which contained Lewy bodies. These he further subdivided into subgroups IA or IB according to whether or not the @entity1 showed clinical evidence of @entity191 in addition to the common denominator of @entity551 . In group II he placed those @entity1 in whom @entity9576 was found at necropsy. These were the majority. Loss of neurons from the intermediolateral columns of the thoracic spinal cord, thought to be the cause of the postural @entity551 , was present in all cases. To illustrate the new classification the necropsy findings in 3 @entity1 taken from the files of the Royal Perth Hospital are described. One of these showed the lesions of @entity191 with Lewy bodies, and thus conformed to Oppenheimer's type IA. The two other @entity1 showed @entity9576 and thus belonged to @entity4094 . All three showed loss of neurons in the intermediolateral columns of the thoracic spinal cord. We believe that Oppenheimer's classification of progressive @entity551 improves the clinicopathological understanding of the syndrome and is thus useful as well as informative to the practising neurologist.

title: The neuropathology of XXXX of central origin (the @entity11460 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ["Oppenheimer's type II"]

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['progressive autonomic failure', 'Shy-Drager syndrome']

answer: @entity11460 :: (MESH:D012791,Disease) :: ['progressive autonomic failure']


abstract: The neuropathological features of the " @entity11460 " have, in the past, been unsettled. The position was recently clarified by Oppenheimer who reviewed the 51 reported @entity1 with @entity11460 in whom neuropathological findings were given. He divided these cases into two groups. Group I included those with lesions of the pigmented nuclei of the brain stem which contained Lewy bodies. These he further subdivided into subgroups IA or IB according to whether or not the @entity1 showed clinical evidence of @entity191 in addition to the common denominator of @entity551 . In group II he placed those @entity1 in whom @entity9576 was found at necropsy. These were the majority. Loss of neurons from the intermediolateral columns of the thoracic spinal cord, thought to be the cause of the postural @entity551 , was present in all cases. To illustrate the new classification the necropsy findings in 3 @entity1 taken from the files of the Royal Perth Hospital are described. One of these showed the lesions of @entity191 with Lewy bodies, and thus conformed to Oppenheimer's type IA. The two other @entity1 showed @entity9576 and thus belonged to @entity4094 . All three showed loss of neurons in the intermediolateral columns of the thoracic spinal cord. We believe that Oppenheimer's classification of progressive @entity551 improves the clinicopathological understanding of the syndrome and is thus useful as well as informative to the practising neurologist.

title: The neuropathology of @entity11460 of central origin (the XXXX ).

answer: @entity11460 :: (MESH:D012791,Disease) :: ['Shy-Drager syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The study of brain networks by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a promising method for identifying @entity1 with @entity303 from @entity23 ( @entity23 ). Using graph theory, different aspects of the brain network can be efficiently characterized by calculating measures of integration and segregation. In this study, we combined a graph theoretical approach with advanced machine learning methods to study the brain network in 89 @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ), 34 @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and 45 age-matched @entity23 . The rs-fMRI connectivity matrix was constructed using a brain parcellation based on a 264 putative functional areas. Using the optimal features extracted from the graph measures, we were able to accurately classify three groups (i.e., @entity23 , @entity73 , and @entity195 ) with accuracy of 88.4  %. We also investigated performance of our proposed method for a binary classification of a group (e.g., @entity73 ) from two other groups (e.g., @entity23 and @entity195 ). The classification accuracies for identifying @entity23 from @entity195 and @entity73 , @entity195 from @entity23 and @entity73 , and @entity73 from @entity23 and @entity195 , were 87.3, 97.5, and 72.0  %, respectively. In addition, results based on the parcellation of 264 regions were compared to that of the automated anatomical labeling atlas (AAL), consisted of 90 regions. The accuracy of classification of three groups using AAL was degraded to 83.2  %. Our results show that combining the graph measures with the machine learning approach, on the basis of the rs-fMRI connectivity analysis, may assist in diagnosis of @entity195 and @entity73 .

title: Application of advanced machine learning methods on resting-state fMRI network for identification of @entity73 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The study of brain networks by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a promising method for identifying @entity1 with @entity303 from @entity23 ( @entity23 ). Using graph theory, different aspects of the brain network can be efficiently characterized by calculating measures of integration and segregation. In this study, we combined a graph theoretical approach with advanced machine learning methods to study the brain network in 89 @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ), 34 @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and 45 age-matched @entity23 . The rs-fMRI connectivity matrix was constructed using a brain parcellation based on a 264 putative functional areas. Using the optimal features extracted from the graph measures, we were able to accurately classify three groups (i.e., @entity23 , @entity73 , and @entity195 ) with accuracy of 88.4  %. We also investigated performance of our proposed method for a binary classification of a group (e.g., @entity73 ) from two other groups (e.g., @entity23 and @entity195 ). The classification accuracies for identifying @entity23 from @entity195 and @entity73 , @entity195 from @entity23 and @entity73 , and @entity73 from @entity23 and @entity195 , were 87.3, 97.5, and 72.0  %, respectively. In addition, results based on the parcellation of 264 regions were compared to that of the automated anatomical labeling atlas (AAL), consisted of 90 regions. The accuracy of classification of three groups using AAL was degraded to 83.2  %. Our results show that combining the graph measures with the machine learning approach, on the basis of the rs-fMRI connectivity analysis, may assist in diagnosis of @entity195 and @entity73 .

title: Application of advanced machine learning methods on resting-state fMRI network for identification of XXXX and @entity195 .

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: We aimed at clarification of reasons for recurrence of @entity189 after radical cystectomy in a retrospective study that included 189 @entity1 . Presence of lymphovascular invasion even in node-negative cases, high @entity5 grade, and high nodal stage appeared to be independent predictors for recurrence. This raises the necessity for postoperative multimodality treatment to improve disease-free survival. BACKGROUND: Radical cystectomy remains the gold standard for local control of muscle-invasive @entity150 . Despite that, a significant proportion of @entity1 develop disease recurrence. Several predictors for recurrence have been described and the implication of such factors on development of recurrence will help in modification of treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of @entity150 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study carried on @entity1 with muscle-invasive @entity189 who underwent radical cystectomy at the National @entity5 Institute in 3 years; January 2007 to December 2009, and analyzed for the development of recurrence and potential risk factors. RESULTS: The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 56%. Seventy @entity1 (37%) developed disease recurrence during the follow-up period. Of these recurrences, 17 @entity1 (24.3%) developed local and/or regional recurrences, 45 @entity1 (64.3%) developed distant @entity3 , and 8 @entity1 (11.4%) developed local and/or regional and distant recurrences. In univariate analysis, lymph node @entity3 (P < .001), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (P < .001), high grade (P = .005), and advanced @entity5 stage (P = .002) were significantly associated with development of recurrence. In multivariate analysis, lymph node @entity3 , LVI, and high grade were significantly associated with @entity5 recurrence and poor DFS. CONCLUSION: Lymph node @entity3 , LVI, and high @entity5 grade were independent prognostic factors that affected @entity5 recurrence and DFS. LVI status should be reported in radical cystectomy specimens to help in risk assessment of @entity1 especially in node-negative cases.

title: Outcome of Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder XXXX After Radical Cystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Inflammation of the @entity2720 ( @entity2720 ) is a fundamental clinical feature of @entity1691 (SpA). The anatomy of the irregularly shaped @entity2720 is complex with an antero-inferior cartilaginous compartment containing central hyaline and peripheral fibrocartilage, and a dorso-superior ligamentous compartment. Several scoring modules to systematically assess @entity2720 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in SpA have been developed. Nearly all of them are based on the cartilaginous joint compartment alone. However, there are only limited data about the frequency of inflammatory lesions in the ligamentous compartment and their potential diagnostic utility in axial SpA. We therefore aimed to evaluate the ligamentous compartment on sacroiliac joint MRI for lesion distribution and potential incremental value towards diagnosis of SpA over and above the traditional assessment of the cartilaginous compartment alone. METHODS: Two independent cohorts of 69 and 88 consecutive @entity615 @entity1  <=50 years were referred for suspected SpA (cohort A) or acute anterior @entity1596 plus @entity615 (cohort B). @entity1 were classified according to rheumatologist expert opinion based on clinical, radiographic and laboratory examination as having nonradiographic axial SpA (nr-axSpA; n = 51), @entity1691 (n = 34), or @entity615 ( @entity615 ; n = 72). Five blinded readers assessed @entity2720 MRI globally for presence/absence of SpA. @entity236 ( @entity236 ) and fat @entity4648 were recorded in the cartilaginous and ligamentous compartment. The incremental value of evaluating the ligamentous additionally to the cartilaginous compartment alone for diagnosis of SpA was graded qualitatively. We determined the lesion distribution between the two compartments, and the impact of the ligamentous compartment evaluation on diagnostic utility. RESULTS: MRI bone @entity236 solely in the ligamentous compartment in the absence of lesions in the cartilaginous compartment were reported in just 0-2.0/0-4.0 % ( @entity236 /fat @entity4648 ) of all subjects. Additional assessment of the ligamentous compartment was regarded as essential for diagnosis in 0 and 0.6 %, and as contributory in 28.0 and 7.7 % of nr-axSpA @entity1 in cohorts A and B, respectively. Concomitant @entity236 in both compartments was evident in 11.6-42.0 % of nr-axSpA and 2.1-2.4 % of @entity615 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Assessing the ligamentous compartment on @entity2720 MRI provided no incremental value for diagnosis of axial SpA. However, concomitant @entity236 in both compartments may help discriminate nr-axSpA from @entity615 .

title: Does evaluation of the ligamentous compartment enhance diagnostic utility of sacroiliac joint MRI in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['NSBP', 'back pain', 'nonspecific back pain']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['axial spondyloarthritis', 'ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['SIJ', 'sacroiliac joints']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow edema', 'marrow lesions', 'BME']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['axial spondyloarthritis']


abstract: Changes in diet @entity1735 amount and type (i.e., starch vs. fiber) and dietary oil supplements can affect ruminant @entity577 emissions. Our objectives were to measure @entity577 emissions, whole-tract digestibility, and energy and @entity1568 utilization from growing dairy @entity291 at 2 body weight (BW) ranges, fed diets containing either high @entity2829 silage (MS) or high grass silage (GS), without or with supplemental oil from extruded linseed (ELS). Four Holstein-Friesian heifers aged 13 mo (BW range from start to finish of 382 to 526 kg) were used in experiment 1, whereas 4 lighter heifers aged 12 mo (BW range from start to finish of 292 to 419 kg) were used in experiment 2. Diets were fed as total mixed rations with forage @entity62 ( @entity62 ) containing high MS or high GS and concentrates in proportions (forage:concentrate, @entity62 basis) of either 75:25 (experiment 1) or 60:40 (experiment 2), respectively. Diets were supplemented without or with ELS (Lintec, BOCM Pauls Ltd., Wherstead, UK; 260 g of oil/kg of @entity62 ) at 6% of ration @entity62 . Each experiment was a 4 * 4 Latin square design with 33-d periods, with measurements during d 29 to 33 while animals were housed in respiration chambers. Heifers fed MS at a heavier BW (experiment 1) emitted 20% less @entity577 per unit of @entity62 intake (yield) compared with GS (21.4 vs. 26.6, respectively). However, when repeated with heifers of a lower BW (experiment 2), @entity577 yield did not differ between the 2 diets (26.6g/kg of @entity62 intake). Differences in heifer BW had no overall effect on @entity577 emissions, except when expressed as grams per kilogram of digestible organic matter ( @entity39000 ) intake (32.4 vs. 36.6, heavy vs. light heifers). Heavier heifers fed MS in experiment 1 had a greater @entity62 intake (9.4kg/d) and lower @entity39000 (755 g/kg), but no difference in N utilization (31% of N intake) compared with heifers fed GS (7.9 kg/d and 799 g/kg, respectively). Tissue energy retention was nearly double for heifers fed MS compared with GS in experiment 1 (15 vs. 8% of energy intake, respectively). Heifers fed MS in experiment 2 had similar @entity62 intake (7.2 kg/d) and retention of energy (5% of intake energy) and N (28% of N intake), compared with GS-fed heifers, but @entity39000 was lower (741 vs. 765 g/kg, respectively). No effect of ELS was noted on any of the variables measured, irrespective of animal BW, and this was likely due to the relatively low amount of supplemental oil provided. Differences in heifer BW did not markedly influence dietary effects on @entity577 emissions. Differences in @entity577 yield were attributable to differences in dietary starch and fiber composition associated with forage type and source.

title: Effects of forage source and extruded linseed supplementation on XXXX emissions from growing dairy @entity291 of differing body weights.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dry matter']

answer: @entity577 :: (MESH:D008697,Chemical) :: ['methane']


abstract: Changes in diet @entity1735 amount and type (i.e., starch vs. fiber) and dietary oil supplements can affect ruminant @entity577 emissions. Our objectives were to measure @entity577 emissions, whole-tract digestibility, and energy and @entity1568 utilization from growing dairy @entity291 at 2 body weight (BW) ranges, fed diets containing either high @entity2829 silage (MS) or high grass silage (GS), without or with supplemental oil from extruded linseed (ELS). Four Holstein-Friesian heifers aged 13 mo (BW range from start to finish of 382 to 526 kg) were used in experiment 1, whereas 4 lighter heifers aged 12 mo (BW range from start to finish of 292 to 419 kg) were used in experiment 2. Diets were fed as total mixed rations with forage @entity62 ( @entity62 ) containing high MS or high GS and concentrates in proportions (forage:concentrate, @entity62 basis) of either 75:25 (experiment 1) or 60:40 (experiment 2), respectively. Diets were supplemented without or with ELS (Lintec, BOCM Pauls Ltd., Wherstead, UK; 260 g of oil/kg of @entity62 ) at 6% of ration @entity62 . Each experiment was a 4 * 4 Latin square design with 33-d periods, with measurements during d 29 to 33 while animals were housed in respiration chambers. Heifers fed MS at a heavier BW (experiment 1) emitted 20% less @entity577 per unit of @entity62 intake (yield) compared with GS (21.4 vs. 26.6, respectively). However, when repeated with heifers of a lower BW (experiment 2), @entity577 yield did not differ between the 2 diets (26.6g/kg of @entity62 intake). Differences in heifer BW had no overall effect on @entity577 emissions, except when expressed as grams per kilogram of digestible organic matter ( @entity39000 ) intake (32.4 vs. 36.6, heavy vs. light heifers). Heavier heifers fed MS in experiment 1 had a greater @entity62 intake (9.4kg/d) and lower @entity39000 (755 g/kg), but no difference in N utilization (31% of N intake) compared with heifers fed GS (7.9 kg/d and 799 g/kg, respectively). Tissue energy retention was nearly double for heifers fed MS compared with GS in experiment 1 (15 vs. 8% of energy intake, respectively). Heifers fed MS in experiment 2 had similar @entity62 intake (7.2 kg/d) and retention of energy (5% of intake energy) and N (28% of N intake), compared with GS-fed heifers, but @entity39000 was lower (741 vs. 765 g/kg, respectively). No effect of ELS was noted on any of the variables measured, irrespective of animal BW, and this was likely due to the relatively low amount of supplemental oil provided. Differences in heifer BW did not markedly influence dietary effects on @entity577 emissions. Differences in @entity577 yield were attributable to differences in dietary starch and fiber composition associated with forage type and source.

title: Effects of forage source and extruded linseed supplementation on @entity577 emissions from growing dairy XXXX of differing body weights.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate an interhospital collaborative approach to improve 7-day post-discharge follow-up (7dFU) rates and reduce 30-day readmissions in @entity712 @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Early post-discharge follow-up after @entity712 ( @entity712 ) hospitalization is associated with lower 30-day readmission rates. METHODS: Observational analyses of Medicare @entity712 @entity1 discharged from 10 @entity580 ( @entity580 ) participating in the Southeast Michigan See You in 7 Collaborative were carried out. We compared pre-intervention ( @entity4456 , 2011 to April  30, 2012) and intervention ( @entity4456 , 2012-April 30, 2013) 7dFU rates, unadjusted 30-day readmissions, risk-standardized 30-day readmissions (RSRR), and Medicare payments in @entity580 and Michigan nonparticipating hospitals (NPH). RESULTS: 7dFU rates increased but remained low in both groups ( @entity580 : 31.1% to 34.4%; p  < 0.001; NPH: 30.2% to 32.6%; p  <0.001). During the intervention period, unadjusted readmissions decreased significantly in both groups ( @entity580 : 29.0% to 27.3%; p  <0.001; NPH: 26.4% to 25.8%, p  = 0.004); mean RSRR decreased more in @entity580 than in NPH ( @entity580 : 31.1% to 28.5%; p  < 0.001; NPH: 26.7% to 26.1%, p  = 0.02; p  = 0.015 for intergroup comparisons). Findings were similar when @entity580 outcomes were matched 1:1 with similar NPH outcomes. Combined Medicare payments for inpatient and 30 days of post-discharge care decreased by  182 in @entity580 and by  63 in NPH (per eligible @entity712 discharge). CONCLUSIONS: See You in 7 Collaborative participation was associated with significantly lower 30-day readmissions and Medicare payments in @entity712 @entity1 . Increases in 7dFU were modest, but associated processes aimed at this goal may  have improved the transition from inpatient to outpatient care. Regional hospital collaboration to share best practices could potentially reduce @entity712 readmissions and associated costs.

title: Regional Hospital Collaboration and  Outcomes in  Medicare  XXXX  @entity1 : See You in 7.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['collaborating hospitals', 'CH']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate an interhospital collaborative approach to improve 7-day post-discharge follow-up (7dFU) rates and reduce 30-day readmissions in @entity712 @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Early post-discharge follow-up after @entity712 ( @entity712 ) hospitalization is associated with lower 30-day readmission rates. METHODS: Observational analyses of Medicare @entity712 @entity1 discharged from 10 @entity580 ( @entity580 ) participating in the Southeast Michigan See You in 7 Collaborative were carried out. We compared pre-intervention ( @entity4456 , 2011 to April  30, 2012) and intervention ( @entity4456 , 2012-April 30, 2013) 7dFU rates, unadjusted 30-day readmissions, risk-standardized 30-day readmissions (RSRR), and Medicare payments in @entity580 and Michigan nonparticipating hospitals (NPH). RESULTS: 7dFU rates increased but remained low in both groups ( @entity580 : 31.1% to 34.4%; p  < 0.001; NPH: 30.2% to 32.6%; p  <0.001). During the intervention period, unadjusted readmissions decreased significantly in both groups ( @entity580 : 29.0% to 27.3%; p  <0.001; NPH: 26.4% to 25.8%, p  = 0.004); mean RSRR decreased more in @entity580 than in NPH ( @entity580 : 31.1% to 28.5%; p  < 0.001; NPH: 26.7% to 26.1%, p  = 0.02; p  = 0.015 for intergroup comparisons). Findings were similar when @entity580 outcomes were matched 1:1 with similar NPH outcomes. Combined Medicare payments for inpatient and 30 days of post-discharge care decreased by  182 in @entity580 and by  63 in NPH (per eligible @entity712 discharge). CONCLUSIONS: See You in 7 Collaborative participation was associated with significantly lower 30-day readmissions and Medicare payments in @entity712 @entity1 . Increases in 7dFU were modest, but associated processes aimed at this goal may  have improved the transition from inpatient to outpatient care. Regional hospital collaboration to share best practices could potentially reduce @entity712 readmissions and associated costs.

title: Regional Hospital Collaboration and  Outcomes in  Medicare  @entity712  XXXX : See You in 7.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 9551 Background: It is widely accepted that chromosomal instability is one of the essential features of @entity5 cells and that significant intratumoral heterogeneity based on the genetic changes may be found in many type of @entity5 . Therefore, different metastatic lesions in an individual case may well show different genetic changes, reflecting the heterogeneity of the @entity5 , and may serve an important information regarding to the clonal evolution of the @entity5 . METHODS: Tumor tissues of multiple metastatic lesions as well as @entity5 tissues were obtained from two autopsy cases with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with informed consent. Extracted DNA was subjected to comprehensive allelotype analysis using 400 microsatellite markers that distribute throughout 22 autosomes and X chromosome. Furthermore, the alleles showing imbalance were subjected to comparative multiplex PCR, using a retained allele as an internal control, to determine whether the imbalance was the result of @entity1017 . RESULTS: In the first case, @entity74 detected in the various metastatic lesions, including two macroscopically distinct lesions of main @entity5 , intrahepatic @entity3 , @entity1600 , pulmonary @entity3 and portal vein thrombus (PVT), were almost identical, showing -1p, +1q, -4q, +7, -8p, +8q, +9q, +10, -13q, -17p, +19p, -19q and -X. Additional alterations of +2q and -16q were detected in the PVT and the one portion of the main @entity5 . In the second case, @entity74 detected in three @entity75 and pulmonary @entity3 were completely identical, showing +1, -2q, +4p, -4q, -5, -8p, +8q, +9, -11q, +12, -13q, -14q and -17p. CONCLUSIONS: The rate at which chromosomal aberrations accumulate in @entity157 is significantly slow, retaining the acquired chromosomal alterations during the metastatic progression of the @entity5 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Integrity of acquired chromosomal alterations during the metastatic progression of human XXXX detected by high-density comprehensive allelotype analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'intrahepatic lesions and non-tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['epiploic lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal gain or loss']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic imbalances']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6528 Background: Late @entity137 has become an important factor influencing the management in survivors of childhood @entity5 and @entity978 . Although, significant proportions of @entity1 with aggressive @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) become long-term survivors, a systematic analysis on late non-malignant @entity137 in these @entity1 is lacking. An EORTC database of these @entity1 , consistently treated with @entity3726 -like regimens since 1980, offered the possibility to explore late complications in detail. METHODS: Using detailed questionnaires, late complications (>2 years after start therapy) of 757 @entity1 (90%) with a median follow-up of 9.4 (2.1-20.4) years were scored. The cumulative incidences of complications were computed in a competing risk model by Gray (death being the competing event) to avoid bias caused by the high percentage of @entity1893 -related @entity204 . Risk factors were estimated in a Cox proportional-hazards model, but also evaluated with the Gray-test. RESULTS: Late non-neoplastic complications were found in 46% of the @entity1 , see Table. CONCLUSIONS: Half of the @entity1 with aggressive @entity1893 experience late non-neoplastic, mainly cardiovascular or gonadal, complications. Regulation of @entity101 and quitting smoking after treatment may preserve a better quality of life. [Figure: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Late non-malignant complications in aggressive XXXX across four randomized EORTC-trials.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6522 Background: Approximately half of @entity6444 @entity1 do not respond to alemtuzumab and others progress after responding to alemtuzumab. We report here factors predictive for lack of response and approaches to achieve the best outcome for these @entity1 . METHODS: 91 @entity1 with relapsed or @entity6444 received alemtuzumab aiming for @entity41 ( @entity41 ) negativity. Factors correlated with response were reviewed and strategies for overcoming resistance or relapse are reported. RESULTS: The chance of response was associated with lymph node size (p <0.0001): [Figure: see text] High dose @entity1667 (HDMP; 1g/m(2)/day x5 every 4 weeks; 4 @entity1 ) or @entity3726 (1) were used to reduce bulky nodes prior to alemtuzumab. 2 of 5 had a resolution of lymph nodes with both achieving @entity41 negative remissions with alemtuzumab. The other 3 did not respond to HDMP or alemtuzumab. 8 @entity1 refractory to alemtuzumab, due to bulky lymph nodes, received alemtuzumab with concurrent @entity3118 and 6 responded (2 @entity41 negative, 2 CR, 2 PR). In addition, 9 @entity1 relapsing after a median of 23 months (range 8-46) from alemtuzumab were retreated of which 5 responded (1 @entity41 negative, 2 CR, 2 PR): 2 of the non-responders then received alemtuzumab combined with @entity3118 with 1 achieving @entity41 negativity. One @entity1 was treated on relapse directly with the alemtuzumab/ @entity3118 combination and achieved a @entity41 negative CR. Thus 11 refractory @entity1 received combined alemtuzumab and @entity3118 with 8 responding (4 @entity41 negative, 2 CR, 2 PR). CONCLUSIONS: Gross lymphadenopathy predicts for poor response to alemtuzumab but therapy with HDMP or @entity3726 followed by alemtuzumab can be effective in achieving @entity41 negative CR. The majority of alemtuzumab refractory @entity1 (8/11) respond to the addition of @entity3118 . Retreatment with alemtuzumab was effective for 3 of 7 relapsing @entity1 . [Table: see text].

title: Optimising alemtuzumab therapy for refractory B cell @entity6444 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['refractory CLL', 'CLL']

answer: @entity6444 :: (MESH:D015461,Disease) :: ['CLL']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6522 Background: Approximately half of @entity6444 @entity1 do not respond to alemtuzumab and others progress after responding to alemtuzumab. We report here factors predictive for lack of response and approaches to achieve the best outcome for these @entity1 . METHODS: 91 @entity1 with relapsed or @entity6444 received alemtuzumab aiming for @entity41 ( @entity41 ) negativity. Factors correlated with response were reviewed and strategies for overcoming resistance or relapse are reported. RESULTS: The chance of response was associated with lymph node size (p <0.0001): [Figure: see text] High dose @entity1667 (HDMP; 1g/m(2)/day x5 every 4 weeks; 4 @entity1 ) or @entity3726 (1) were used to reduce bulky nodes prior to alemtuzumab. 2 of 5 had a resolution of lymph nodes with both achieving @entity41 negative remissions with alemtuzumab. The other 3 did not respond to HDMP or alemtuzumab. 8 @entity1 refractory to alemtuzumab, due to bulky lymph nodes, received alemtuzumab with concurrent @entity3118 and 6 responded (2 @entity41 negative, 2 CR, 2 PR). In addition, 9 @entity1 relapsing after a median of 23 months (range 8-46) from alemtuzumab were retreated of which 5 responded (1 @entity41 negative, 2 CR, 2 PR): 2 of the non-responders then received alemtuzumab combined with @entity3118 with 1 achieving @entity41 negativity. One @entity1 was treated on relapse directly with the alemtuzumab/ @entity3118 combination and achieved a @entity41 negative CR. Thus 11 refractory @entity1 received combined alemtuzumab and @entity3118 with 8 responding (4 @entity41 negative, 2 CR, 2 PR). CONCLUSIONS: Gross lymphadenopathy predicts for poor response to alemtuzumab but therapy with HDMP or @entity3726 followed by alemtuzumab can be effective in achieving @entity41 negative CR. The majority of alemtuzumab refractory @entity1 (8/11) respond to the addition of @entity3118 . Retreatment with alemtuzumab was effective for 3 of 7 relapsing @entity1 . [Table: see text].

title: Optimising alemtuzumab therapy for refractory B cell XXXX ( @entity6444 ).

answer: @entity6444 :: (MESH:D015461,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']


abstract: During a five-year period, 104 @entity1 underwent a pericardial window procedure to diagnose possible @entity299 . Eighty-eight procedures were performed by a subxiphoid approach, and 16 were transdiaphragmatic in combination with an exploratory laparotomy. There were 51 @entity1 with stab wounds, 45 with gunshot wounds, and eight with @entity130 . All penetrating wounds were near the heart. In seven @entity1 the window disclosed @entity299 with no clinical signs of tamponade or shock. Fifty-one @entity1 had signs of tamponade; however, only 12 of them had a @entity299 diagnosed by pericardial window. Nineteen @entity1 had @entity299 . One examination had false-negative results and one study had false-positive results. @entity299 repaired included the right ventricle (eight), left ventricle (three), right atrium (five), and @entity299 (three). Complications were negligible and consisted of minor wound infections (two) and @entity8198 (two). The pericardial window provides a rapid and safe means of diagnosing @entity299 in @entity1 with equivocal signs of @entity3697 while sparing the @entity1 without a heart wound a major operation.

title: Diagnostic pericardial window. A safe alternative to exploratory thoracotomy for suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury', 'cardiac injuries', 'Cardiac wounds', 'cardiac vein or pericardial wounds', 'cardiac damage']

entities_list: @entity8198 :: ('MESH:D011185', 'Disease') :: ['postpericardiotomy syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3697 :: ('MESH:D006335', 'Disease') :: ['heart injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma']

answer: @entity3697 :: (MESH:D006335,Disease) :: ['heart injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4715 Background: In locally advanced @entity189 of @entity1494 radiation therapy, either alone, or in combination with chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for @entity1 whose disease is not amenable to surgery. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 22 @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 initially received 4 cycles of @entity136 and @entity3003 , after which response evaluation was done with CT scanning and ultrasonography. @entity1 with complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) received 2 more cycles followed by radical radiotherapy with weekly @entity136 as radiation sensitizer. Those who had @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were given concurrent chemoradiotherapy after four cycles. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were males and two were females. The median age was 52 years (range 35-70 years). All @entity1 had histopathological @entity1606 . Eleven (50%) @entity1 had T3 lesion, 7(31.81%) had T4 and 4(18.18%) cases had @entity75 . Out of 22, 6(27.27%) @entity1 showed CR, and PR was seen in 9(40.90%) @entity1 . Four (18.18%) @entity1 had @entity66 whereas 3 @entity1 showed progression of the disease. Two cases out of four having @entity66 showed regression of @entity5 after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. No grade III/IV @entity137 was seen. Common @entity137 observed were Neutrogena, fatigue, @entity1277 and @entity925 . CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 - @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a well tolerable and effective treatment modality to achieve significant @entity5 response in locally advanced @entity150 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and XXXX followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity189 of @entity1494 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'carcinoma urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['subtype of transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4715 Background: In locally advanced @entity189 of @entity1494 radiation therapy, either alone, or in combination with chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for @entity1 whose disease is not amenable to surgery. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 22 @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 initially received 4 cycles of @entity136 and @entity3003 , after which response evaluation was done with CT scanning and ultrasonography. @entity1 with complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) received 2 more cycles followed by radical radiotherapy with weekly @entity136 as radiation sensitizer. Those who had @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were given concurrent chemoradiotherapy after four cycles. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were males and two were females. The median age was 52 years (range 35-70 years). All @entity1 had histopathological @entity1606 . Eleven (50%) @entity1 had T3 lesion, 7(31.81%) had T4 and 4(18.18%) cases had @entity75 . Out of 22, 6(27.27%) @entity1 showed CR, and PR was seen in 9(40.90%) @entity1 . Four (18.18%) @entity1 had @entity66 whereas 3 @entity1 showed progression of the disease. Two cases out of four having @entity66 showed regression of @entity5 after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. No grade III/IV @entity137 was seen. Common @entity137 observed were Neutrogena, fatigue, @entity1277 and @entity925 . CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 - @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a well tolerable and effective treatment modality to achieve significant @entity5 response in locally advanced @entity150 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced XXXX of @entity1494 .

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4715 Background: In locally advanced @entity189 of @entity1494 radiation therapy, either alone, or in combination with chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for @entity1 whose disease is not amenable to surgery. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 22 @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 initially received 4 cycles of @entity136 and @entity3003 , after which response evaluation was done with CT scanning and ultrasonography. @entity1 with complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) received 2 more cycles followed by radical radiotherapy with weekly @entity136 as radiation sensitizer. Those who had @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were given concurrent chemoradiotherapy after four cycles. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were males and two were females. The median age was 52 years (range 35-70 years). All @entity1 had histopathological @entity1606 . Eleven (50%) @entity1 had T3 lesion, 7(31.81%) had T4 and 4(18.18%) cases had @entity75 . Out of 22, 6(27.27%) @entity1 showed CR, and PR was seen in 9(40.90%) @entity1 . Four (18.18%) @entity1 had @entity66 whereas 3 @entity1 showed progression of the disease. Two cases out of four having @entity66 showed regression of @entity5 after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. No grade III/IV @entity137 was seen. Common @entity137 observed were Neutrogena, fatigue, @entity1277 and @entity925 . CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 - @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a well tolerable and effective treatment modality to achieve significant @entity5 response in locally advanced @entity150 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity189 of XXXX .

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4715 Background: In locally advanced @entity189 of @entity1494 radiation therapy, either alone, or in combination with chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for @entity1 whose disease is not amenable to surgery. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 22 @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 initially received 4 cycles of @entity136 and @entity3003 , after which response evaluation was done with CT scanning and ultrasonography. @entity1 with complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) received 2 more cycles followed by radical radiotherapy with weekly @entity136 as radiation sensitizer. Those who had @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were given concurrent chemoradiotherapy after four cycles. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were males and two were females. The median age was 52 years (range 35-70 years). All @entity1 had histopathological @entity1606 . Eleven (50%) @entity1 had T3 lesion, 7(31.81%) had T4 and 4(18.18%) cases had @entity75 . Out of 22, 6(27.27%) @entity1 showed CR, and PR was seen in 9(40.90%) @entity1 . Four (18.18%) @entity1 had @entity66 whereas 3 @entity1 showed progression of the disease. Two cases out of four having @entity66 showed regression of @entity5 after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. No grade III/IV @entity137 was seen. Common @entity137 observed were Neutrogena, fatigue, @entity1277 and @entity925 . CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 - @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a well tolerable and effective treatment modality to achieve significant @entity5 response in locally advanced @entity150 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with XXXX and @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity189 of @entity1494 .

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 668 Background: In Western populations, @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) has been proven effective for the prevention of @entity1141 ( @entity1141 ) from bone metastases. For @entity0 @entity1 , @entity5921 was shown to be superior to pamidronate. However, the efficacy of @entity5921 is unknown in Japanese @entity1 . We report here data from the first randomized, placebo-controlled study of @entity5921 in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: Japanese @entity1 with bone metastases from @entity0 were randomized to either @entity5921 4mg i.v. infusion over 15 min every 4 weeks or placebo (P). The primary efficacy endpoint was SRE rate ratio (ratio of number of @entity1141 per year for @entity5921 -treated @entity1 over that for placebo) at 1 year. @entity1141 included pathologic @entity174 , @entity1745 , and surgery to treat or prevent @entity174 . Secondary endpoints included proportion of @entity1 with >= 1 SRE, time to first SRE and multiple event analysis (MEA: A-G model). @entity5 induced @entity2741 was included in the SRE composite in secondary endpoints. Safety was assessed according to NCI-CTC. RESULTS: 227 @entity1 (median age 53 years) were accrued to the study with 114 in the @entity5921 arm and 113 in the P arm. @entity1 were well matched with regard to baseline clinical characteristics. The primary endpoint, SRE rate ratio was 0.61 (p=0.027), indicating that SRE rate was reduced by 39% with @entity5921 . Proportions of @entity1 with >= 1 SRE were 30.7% and 52.2% for the @entity5921 and P group, respectively (p=0.001). Median time to first SRE were 360 days in the P group while it did not reach in the @entity5921 group (p=0.004). Risk ratio of @entity5921 to P was 0.56 by MEA (p=0.009). @entity5921 was well tolerated. The most common adverse effects observed more frequently in the @entity5921 vs. P group were @entity221 (55% vs. 33%), @entity1295 (44.5% vs. 31.9%) and @entity4841 (21.1% vs. 15.9%). One @entity1 in the @entity5921 group (0.9%) experienced increased serum @entity1011 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5921 4mg demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in Japanese @entity1 for preventing @entity532 with bone metastases, with an overall 44% reduction in the risk of experiencing @entity1141 as shown by MEA. [Table: see text].

title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial of @entity4381 in the prevention of XXXX in Japanese @entity1 with bone metastases from @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal complications']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['radiation to bone, spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['SREs', 'skeletal related events']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['skeletal complications']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 668 Background: In Western populations, @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) has been proven effective for the prevention of @entity1141 ( @entity1141 ) from bone metastases. For @entity0 @entity1 , @entity5921 was shown to be superior to pamidronate. However, the efficacy of @entity5921 is unknown in Japanese @entity1 . We report here data from the first randomized, placebo-controlled study of @entity5921 in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: Japanese @entity1 with bone metastases from @entity0 were randomized to either @entity5921 4mg i.v. infusion over 15 min every 4 weeks or placebo (P). The primary efficacy endpoint was SRE rate ratio (ratio of number of @entity1141 per year for @entity5921 -treated @entity1 over that for placebo) at 1 year. @entity1141 included pathologic @entity174 , @entity1745 , and surgery to treat or prevent @entity174 . Secondary endpoints included proportion of @entity1 with >= 1 SRE, time to first SRE and multiple event analysis (MEA: A-G model). @entity5 induced @entity2741 was included in the SRE composite in secondary endpoints. Safety was assessed according to NCI-CTC. RESULTS: 227 @entity1 (median age 53 years) were accrued to the study with 114 in the @entity5921 arm and 113 in the P arm. @entity1 were well matched with regard to baseline clinical characteristics. The primary endpoint, SRE rate ratio was 0.61 (p=0.027), indicating that SRE rate was reduced by 39% with @entity5921 . Proportions of @entity1 with >= 1 SRE were 30.7% and 52.2% for the @entity5921 and P group, respectively (p=0.001). Median time to first SRE were 360 days in the P group while it did not reach in the @entity5921 group (p=0.004). Risk ratio of @entity5921 to P was 0.56 by MEA (p=0.009). @entity5921 was well tolerated. The most common adverse effects observed more frequently in the @entity5921 vs. P group were @entity221 (55% vs. 33%), @entity1295 (44.5% vs. 31.9%) and @entity4841 (21.1% vs. 15.9%). One @entity1 in the @entity5921 group (0.9%) experienced increased serum @entity1011 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5921 4mg demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in Japanese @entity1 for preventing @entity532 with bone metastases, with an overall 44% reduction in the risk of experiencing @entity1141 as shown by MEA. [Table: see text].

title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial of @entity4381 in the prevention of @entity532 in Japanese @entity1 with bone metastases from XXXX .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 668 Background: In Western populations, @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) has been proven effective for the prevention of @entity1141 ( @entity1141 ) from bone metastases. For @entity0 @entity1 , @entity5921 was shown to be superior to pamidronate. However, the efficacy of @entity5921 is unknown in Japanese @entity1 . We report here data from the first randomized, placebo-controlled study of @entity5921 in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: Japanese @entity1 with bone metastases from @entity0 were randomized to either @entity5921 4mg i.v. infusion over 15 min every 4 weeks or placebo (P). The primary efficacy endpoint was SRE rate ratio (ratio of number of @entity1141 per year for @entity5921 -treated @entity1 over that for placebo) at 1 year. @entity1141 included pathologic @entity174 , @entity1745 , and surgery to treat or prevent @entity174 . Secondary endpoints included proportion of @entity1 with >= 1 SRE, time to first SRE and multiple event analysis (MEA: A-G model). @entity5 induced @entity2741 was included in the SRE composite in secondary endpoints. Safety was assessed according to NCI-CTC. RESULTS: 227 @entity1 (median age 53 years) were accrued to the study with 114 in the @entity5921 arm and 113 in the P arm. @entity1 were well matched with regard to baseline clinical characteristics. The primary endpoint, SRE rate ratio was 0.61 (p=0.027), indicating that SRE rate was reduced by 39% with @entity5921 . Proportions of @entity1 with >= 1 SRE were 30.7% and 52.2% for the @entity5921 and P group, respectively (p=0.001). Median time to first SRE were 360 days in the P group while it did not reach in the @entity5921 group (p=0.004). Risk ratio of @entity5921 to P was 0.56 by MEA (p=0.009). @entity5921 was well tolerated. The most common adverse effects observed more frequently in the @entity5921 vs. P group were @entity221 (55% vs. 33%), @entity1295 (44.5% vs. 31.9%) and @entity4841 (21.1% vs. 15.9%). One @entity1 in the @entity5921 group (0.9%) experienced increased serum @entity1011 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5921 4mg demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in Japanese @entity1 for preventing @entity532 with bone metastases, with an overall 44% reduction in the risk of experiencing @entity1141 as shown by MEA. [Table: see text].

title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial of XXXX in the prevention of @entity532 in Japanese @entity1 with bone metastases from @entity0 .

answer: @entity4381 :: (MESH:C088658,Chemical) :: ['zoledronic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 668 Background: In Western populations, @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) has been proven effective for the prevention of @entity1141 ( @entity1141 ) from bone metastases. For @entity0 @entity1 , @entity5921 was shown to be superior to pamidronate. However, the efficacy of @entity5921 is unknown in Japanese @entity1 . We report here data from the first randomized, placebo-controlled study of @entity5921 in Japanese @entity1 . METHODS: Japanese @entity1 with bone metastases from @entity0 were randomized to either @entity5921 4mg i.v. infusion over 15 min every 4 weeks or placebo (P). The primary efficacy endpoint was SRE rate ratio (ratio of number of @entity1141 per year for @entity5921 -treated @entity1 over that for placebo) at 1 year. @entity1141 included pathologic @entity174 , @entity1745 , and surgery to treat or prevent @entity174 . Secondary endpoints included proportion of @entity1 with >= 1 SRE, time to first SRE and multiple event analysis (MEA: A-G model). @entity5 induced @entity2741 was included in the SRE composite in secondary endpoints. Safety was assessed according to NCI-CTC. RESULTS: 227 @entity1 (median age 53 years) were accrued to the study with 114 in the @entity5921 arm and 113 in the P arm. @entity1 were well matched with regard to baseline clinical characteristics. The primary endpoint, SRE rate ratio was 0.61 (p=0.027), indicating that SRE rate was reduced by 39% with @entity5921 . Proportions of @entity1 with >= 1 SRE were 30.7% and 52.2% for the @entity5921 and P group, respectively (p=0.001). Median time to first SRE were 360 days in the P group while it did not reach in the @entity5921 group (p=0.004). Risk ratio of @entity5921 to P was 0.56 by MEA (p=0.009). @entity5921 was well tolerated. The most common adverse effects observed more frequently in the @entity5921 vs. P group were @entity221 (55% vs. 33%), @entity1295 (44.5% vs. 31.9%) and @entity4841 (21.1% vs. 15.9%). One @entity1 in the @entity5921 group (0.9%) experienced increased serum @entity1011 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5921 4mg demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in Japanese @entity1 for preventing @entity532 with bone metastases, with an overall 44% reduction in the risk of experiencing @entity1141 as shown by MEA. [Table: see text].

title: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial of @entity4381 in the prevention of @entity532 in Japanese XXXX with bone metastases from @entity0 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2123 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) consists of a heterogeneous group of @entity5 that have acquired the capacity to metastasize before the development of a clinically evident @entity75 . They represent about 5-10% of all @entity5 . This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1311 / @entity900 combination chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . The rationale for choosing this combination is based on available clinical data that @entity1311 and @entity900 have shown considerable clinical activity in various common @entity5 including lung, breast, stomach, esophagus, @entity135 . From January 2001 to September 2003, 37 @entity1 with @entity5 received 21-day cycles of @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) i.v. and @entity900 60 mg/m(2) i.v. on day 1. 31 @entity1 had @entity420 subtypes. The @entity1 received a total of 138 cycles of chemotherapy. The median number of cycles of chemotherapy per @entity1 was 4. The median age of the @entity1 was 53 (range, 21-71) years. The male to female ratio was 1:2.1. Initial presentations were @entity3799 , @entity298 , @entity409 , pelvic mass, metastatic @entity3478 and @entity1143 . Of these @entity1 , 36 @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy and @entity137 . Of the evaluable and measurable 26 @entity1 , complete response was in 1 @entity1 , and partial response was in 10 @entity1 . The overall response rate was 42% (95% C.I., 23-61%). Stable disease was seen in 6 @entity1 , progressive disease in 9 @entity1 . Median time to progression was 4 (95% C.I., 1.3-6.8) months. Median overall survival was 11 (95% C.I., 8.3-13.5) months. No prognostic factor was identified in univariate analysis. However, @entity1 with good performance status and @entity1 with normal @entity787 level showed marginal progression-free survival benefits (good PS vs poor PS; 5.2 vs 2.7 months, p=0.065) (normal @entity787 vs abnormal @entity787 ; 5.2 vs 1.9 months, p=0.066). The major @entity137 were @entity16 and @entity1398 . Grade 4 @entity1398 occurred in 10 cases, but febrile @entity1398 was seen in 4 cases. Our data suggests that this @entity1311 / @entity900 combination regimen is well tolerated with an encouraging level of activity for @entity1 with @entity5 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: @entity1311 plus XXXX in @entity5 of unknown primary site ( @entity5 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['ovary and head/neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'CUP', 'Cancer of unknown primary site', 'tumors', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver mass']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2123 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) consists of a heterogeneous group of @entity5 that have acquired the capacity to metastasize before the development of a clinically evident @entity75 . They represent about 5-10% of all @entity5 . This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1311 / @entity900 combination chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . The rationale for choosing this combination is based on available clinical data that @entity1311 and @entity900 have shown considerable clinical activity in various common @entity5 including lung, breast, stomach, esophagus, @entity135 . From January 2001 to September 2003, 37 @entity1 with @entity5 received 21-day cycles of @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) i.v. and @entity900 60 mg/m(2) i.v. on day 1. 31 @entity1 had @entity420 subtypes. The @entity1 received a total of 138 cycles of chemotherapy. The median number of cycles of chemotherapy per @entity1 was 4. The median age of the @entity1 was 53 (range, 21-71) years. The male to female ratio was 1:2.1. Initial presentations were @entity3799 , @entity298 , @entity409 , pelvic mass, metastatic @entity3478 and @entity1143 . Of these @entity1 , 36 @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy and @entity137 . Of the evaluable and measurable 26 @entity1 , complete response was in 1 @entity1 , and partial response was in 10 @entity1 . The overall response rate was 42% (95% C.I., 23-61%). Stable disease was seen in 6 @entity1 , progressive disease in 9 @entity1 . Median time to progression was 4 (95% C.I., 1.3-6.8) months. Median overall survival was 11 (95% C.I., 8.3-13.5) months. No prognostic factor was identified in univariate analysis. However, @entity1 with good performance status and @entity1 with normal @entity787 level showed marginal progression-free survival benefits (good PS vs poor PS; 5.2 vs 2.7 months, p=0.065) (normal @entity787 vs abnormal @entity787 ; 5.2 vs 1.9 months, p=0.066). The major @entity137 were @entity16 and @entity1398 . Grade 4 @entity1398 occurred in 10 cases, but febrile @entity1398 was seen in 4 cases. Our data suggests that this @entity1311 / @entity900 combination regimen is well tolerated with an encouraging level of activity for @entity1 with @entity5 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: @entity1311 plus @entity900 in XXXX of unknown primary site ( @entity5 ).

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2123 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) consists of a heterogeneous group of @entity5 that have acquired the capacity to metastasize before the development of a clinically evident @entity75 . They represent about 5-10% of all @entity5 . This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1311 / @entity900 combination chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . The rationale for choosing this combination is based on available clinical data that @entity1311 and @entity900 have shown considerable clinical activity in various common @entity5 including lung, breast, stomach, esophagus, @entity135 . From January 2001 to September 2003, 37 @entity1 with @entity5 received 21-day cycles of @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) i.v. and @entity900 60 mg/m(2) i.v. on day 1. 31 @entity1 had @entity420 subtypes. The @entity1 received a total of 138 cycles of chemotherapy. The median number of cycles of chemotherapy per @entity1 was 4. The median age of the @entity1 was 53 (range, 21-71) years. The male to female ratio was 1:2.1. Initial presentations were @entity3799 , @entity298 , @entity409 , pelvic mass, metastatic @entity3478 and @entity1143 . Of these @entity1 , 36 @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy and @entity137 . Of the evaluable and measurable 26 @entity1 , complete response was in 1 @entity1 , and partial response was in 10 @entity1 . The overall response rate was 42% (95% C.I., 23-61%). Stable disease was seen in 6 @entity1 , progressive disease in 9 @entity1 . Median time to progression was 4 (95% C.I., 1.3-6.8) months. Median overall survival was 11 (95% C.I., 8.3-13.5) months. No prognostic factor was identified in univariate analysis. However, @entity1 with good performance status and @entity1 with normal @entity787 level showed marginal progression-free survival benefits (good PS vs poor PS; 5.2 vs 2.7 months, p=0.065) (normal @entity787 vs abnormal @entity787 ; 5.2 vs 1.9 months, p=0.066). The major @entity137 were @entity16 and @entity1398 . Grade 4 @entity1398 occurred in 10 cases, but febrile @entity1398 was seen in 4 cases. Our data suggests that this @entity1311 / @entity900 combination regimen is well tolerated with an encouraging level of activity for @entity1 with @entity5 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: @entity1311 plus @entity900 in @entity5 of unknown primary site ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['CUP']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2123 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) consists of a heterogeneous group of @entity5 that have acquired the capacity to metastasize before the development of a clinically evident @entity75 . They represent about 5-10% of all @entity5 . This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1311 / @entity900 combination chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . The rationale for choosing this combination is based on available clinical data that @entity1311 and @entity900 have shown considerable clinical activity in various common @entity5 including lung, breast, stomach, esophagus, @entity135 . From January 2001 to September 2003, 37 @entity1 with @entity5 received 21-day cycles of @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) i.v. and @entity900 60 mg/m(2) i.v. on day 1. 31 @entity1 had @entity420 subtypes. The @entity1 received a total of 138 cycles of chemotherapy. The median number of cycles of chemotherapy per @entity1 was 4. The median age of the @entity1 was 53 (range, 21-71) years. The male to female ratio was 1:2.1. Initial presentations were @entity3799 , @entity298 , @entity409 , pelvic mass, metastatic @entity3478 and @entity1143 . Of these @entity1 , 36 @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy and @entity137 . Of the evaluable and measurable 26 @entity1 , complete response was in 1 @entity1 , and partial response was in 10 @entity1 . The overall response rate was 42% (95% C.I., 23-61%). Stable disease was seen in 6 @entity1 , progressive disease in 9 @entity1 . Median time to progression was 4 (95% C.I., 1.3-6.8) months. Median overall survival was 11 (95% C.I., 8.3-13.5) months. No prognostic factor was identified in univariate analysis. However, @entity1 with good performance status and @entity1 with normal @entity787 level showed marginal progression-free survival benefits (good PS vs poor PS; 5.2 vs 2.7 months, p=0.065) (normal @entity787 vs abnormal @entity787 ; 5.2 vs 1.9 months, p=0.066). The major @entity137 were @entity16 and @entity1398 . Grade 4 @entity1398 occurred in 10 cases, but febrile @entity1398 was seen in 4 cases. Our data suggests that this @entity1311 / @entity900 combination regimen is well tolerated with an encouraging level of activity for @entity1 with @entity5 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: XXXX plus @entity900 in @entity5 of unknown primary site ( @entity5 ).

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 654 Background: At the time of diagnosis, early stages of @entity0 already have microscopic @entity3 in the bone marrow. These @entity3 are resistant to adjuvant chemotherapy. The mechanisms of this resistance are not understood. In a model we developed, @entity540 ( @entity540 ), present in large deposits in the bone @entity236 , inhibits proliferation of well-differentiated @entity0 cells and induces a state of dormancy. In turn, @entity540 also induces an increased expression of integrins a5 and b1. Through these integrins, the cells bind @entity8946 and activate survival signaling through the PI3 kinase/ @entity584 pathway. Disruption of this signaling may induce cell death in the dormant cells or render them susceptible to cytotoxic therapy. @entity4878 , that have reported activity against @entity5 cells, have been shown to modulate @entity584 phosphorylation. METHODS: We investigated the role of all @entity1968 (ATRA) in inhibiting @entity584 activation in dormant clones and their survival. Two well-differentiated @entity0 cell lines, MCF-7 and T-47D were used in the studies. Cells were incubated with @entity540 10 ng/ml in @entity8946 -coated tissue culture plates at clonogenic densities and ATRA was added at variable concentrations after three days in culture for an additional three or six days. Colonies of 2-10 cells (dormant clones) were counted and lysates were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: @entity540 upregulated the expression of integrins a5 and b1 on Western blots after three and six days and increased the phosphorylation of @entity584 and its downstream target @entity35466 /beta. Incubation of the dormant cells with ATRA 10(-9), 10(-8) and 10(-7) M resulted in the inhibition of @entity540 -induced @entity584 phosphorylation. ATRA did not affect the increased expression of integrins a5 and b1 suggesting that this was not the mechanisms of inhibition of @entity584 phosphorylation. ATRA also inhibited the survival of dormant clones in a dose dependent manner and induced a distressed appearance in the remaining cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that ATRA, which is currently being tested in clinical trials in @entity0 , may have a potential value in the treatment of resistant micrometastases. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: All @entity1968 modulates survival signaling in dormant XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoids']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor 2', 'FGF-2']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow stroma']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['trans-retinoic acid']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 654 Background: At the time of diagnosis, early stages of @entity0 already have microscopic @entity3 in the bone marrow. These @entity3 are resistant to adjuvant chemotherapy. The mechanisms of this resistance are not understood. In a model we developed, @entity540 ( @entity540 ), present in large deposits in the bone @entity236 , inhibits proliferation of well-differentiated @entity0 cells and induces a state of dormancy. In turn, @entity540 also induces an increased expression of integrins a5 and b1. Through these integrins, the cells bind @entity8946 and activate survival signaling through the PI3 kinase/ @entity584 pathway. Disruption of this signaling may induce cell death in the dormant cells or render them susceptible to cytotoxic therapy. @entity4878 , that have reported activity against @entity5 cells, have been shown to modulate @entity584 phosphorylation. METHODS: We investigated the role of all @entity1968 (ATRA) in inhibiting @entity584 activation in dormant clones and their survival. Two well-differentiated @entity0 cell lines, MCF-7 and T-47D were used in the studies. Cells were incubated with @entity540 10 ng/ml in @entity8946 -coated tissue culture plates at clonogenic densities and ATRA was added at variable concentrations after three days in culture for an additional three or six days. Colonies of 2-10 cells (dormant clones) were counted and lysates were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: @entity540 upregulated the expression of integrins a5 and b1 on Western blots after three and six days and increased the phosphorylation of @entity584 and its downstream target @entity35466 /beta. Incubation of the dormant cells with ATRA 10(-9), 10(-8) and 10(-7) M resulted in the inhibition of @entity540 -induced @entity584 phosphorylation. ATRA did not affect the increased expression of integrins a5 and b1 suggesting that this was not the mechanisms of inhibition of @entity584 phosphorylation. ATRA also inhibited the survival of dormant clones in a dose dependent manner and induced a distressed appearance in the remaining cells. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that ATRA, which is currently being tested in clinical trials in @entity0 , may have a potential value in the treatment of resistant micrometastases. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: All XXXX modulates survival signaling in dormant @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['trans-retinoic acid']