abstract: OBJECTIVES: In cases of cardiac surgery via a minimally invasive right minithoracotomy approach, cardiopulmonary bypass is established with peripheral arterial cannulation, frequently with a single femoral artery. Occasionally, alternative perfusion access is required to prevent perfusion site-related complications. In this study, the feasibility of alternative perfusion strategies was verified by comparing the postoperative outcomes and complications. METHODS: The records of 91 consecutive @entity1 (68 @entity1 , 23 @entity1 ; mean age 40.7      16.5  years) who underwent @entity118 ( @entity118 ) closure via a right minithoracotomy approach between January 2009 and September 2014 were reviewed. @entity1 were divided into two groups: those with single femoral arterial access (SF group, n  =  84), and those with alternative perfusion access (ALT group, n  =  7, bilateral femoral arterial cannulation in 6, side-arm graft anastomosed to the femoral artery in 1). RESULTS: Femoral artery diameter was smaller in the ALT group than in the SF group (6.5      0.5 vs. 7.3      1.0  mm, P  =  0.013). Operating time was longer in the ALT group than in the SF group (259.2      54.0 vs. 208.3      54.9  min, P  =  0.031). One @entity1 was converted to ascending aortic cannulation owing to high perfusion pressure. Postoperative major cardiac or cerebrovascular events, such as @entity204 , @entity64 , or @entity583 , did not occur in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Alternative perfusion access was safe in @entity118 closure via a right minithoracotomy approach. Precise preoperative evaluation of the iliofemoral artery is important for choosing the appropriate perfusion strategy.

title: Alternative peripheral perfusion strategies for safe cardiopulmonary bypass in XXXX closure via a right minithoracotomy approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of an autologous pulmonary vein (PV) conduit for reconstruction of the pulmonary artery (PA) in lung-sparing resections was first described in 2009, but to date only two case reports appeared and no medium-term and long-term results have been reported, to our knowledge. We present the first case series with medium-term follow-up. METHODS: Between December 2009 and December 2012, 9 @entity1 undergoing PA sleeve resection for centrally located @entity2 received reconstruction by this technique. Three of these @entity1 underwent induction chemotherapy. The venous graft was obtained from the proximal extraparenchymal portion of the superior PV and was sutured to the proximal and distal PA stumps with the standard anastomotic technique. RESULTS: All 9 @entity1 underwent left upper lobectomy with sleeve resection of the PA without associated bronchoplasty. The postoperative morbidity rate was 33% (1 chylothorax, 1 @entity955 , and 1 parenchymal atelectasis). No adverse events related to the reconstructive procedure occurred. There was no postoperative mortality. Complete patency of the reconstructed PA was shown in all @entity1 by postoperative contrast computed tomography every 6 months. All @entity1 are alive at a mean follow-up time of 32    12.4 months (range, 6 to 42 months). @entity5 recurrence has been observed in 2 @entity1 (1 local, 1 systemic). The median survival time is 38 months. The median disease-free survival time @entity16222 months. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of the PA by a PV graft is a feasible and effective option for parenchymal-sparing resections. The PV conduit shows tissue characteristics similar to those of the arterial wall. This technique is safe and is supported by good medium-term results.

title: Pulmonary artery reconstruction with pulmonary vein conduit for XXXX : medium-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity2 is the most common @entity5 diagnosed worldwide. Metastatic presentation of the disease is frequent. Apart from the usual sites of @entity3 (bone, adrenals, liver, brain), a particular site for @entity3 is represented by skin. The case we report is about a 66 year-old @entity1 with cutaneous @entity3 from @entity2 . A 66 year-old @entity1 , with a previous history of abdominal aortic aneurism, @entity1030 , @entity13675 , @entity6 , was admitted to our institution for @entity2 . After accurate preoperative @entity5 , @entity1 underwent a thoracotomic left lower lobectomy. Histological examination revealed a @entity189 : G2-3, pT2bN0. @entity1 underwent oncological evaluation for the scheduled follow up. After 6 months @entity1 went back to our observation for the appearance of a skin nodule, firm, dischromic, @entity158 and ulcerated, localized in right iliac fossa. Biopsies demonstrated the nodule to be @entity189 . @entity1 underwent a CT scan of the abdomen and thorax, which revealed the absence of @entity4438 by the @entity5 . @entity1 underwent surgical @entity75 . Final histological examination confirmed the lesion to be @entity3 of squamocellular @entity2 . @entity3 from @entity2 occur in about 2,5-7,5% of cases. Median survival for these @entity1 is 2,9 months. The most common type of @entity5 , according to Japanese Authors, is @entity420 followed by @entity189 . Some studies demonstrated the adequacy of surgery followed by chemotherapy, in case of single lesion. In case of multiple cutaneous @entity3 , many Authors suggest only chemotherapy, although the ideal scheme hasn't been discovered yet. Cutaneous @entity3 from @entity2 are rare; however the appearance of @entity272 , in @entity1 with a positive oncological history, requires much attention. Accurate evaluation of the @entity1 is paramount in choosing the adequate therapeutic algorithm. KEY WORDS: Chemotherapy, @entity2 , Skin @entity3 .

title: XXXX . Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['infiltration of the deep fascial and muscular planes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['staging', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'Lung Cancer', 'left lower lobe lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['squamocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases', 'metastatic disease', 'metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous metastasis from lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heavy tea consumption is suggested to be unsuitable for @entity101 @entity1 . However, the bioactive substances in different varieties of tea leaves are very different. This study compares the effects of three Chinese teas  -  @entity2441 , C. ptilophylla and C. assamica var. kucha  -  on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs). RESULTS: Intragastric administration of @entity2441 extract led to an acute @entity101 (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate in SHRs. However, C. ptilophylla and C. assamica var. kucha exerted no obvious influences on SBP, @entity11559 or heart rate. Similar to the extract of @entity2441 , intragastric administration of @entity5834 also led to an acute increase in BP and heart rate in SHRs. In contrast, @entity35840 and @entity70778  -  @entity61174 predominantly contained in C. ptilophylla and C. assamica var. kucha, respectively  -  had no pressor effects. The effect of @entity5834 on BP was related to the regulation of plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels in SHRs. CONCLUSION: The different effects of @entity2441 , C. ptilophylla and C. assamica var. kucha on BP might be explained, at least partially, by the differences in the varieties and contents of @entity61174 .    2014 Society of Chemical Industry.

title: Differing chemical compositions of three teas may explain their different effects on acute blood pressure in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in systolic blood pressure', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity70778 :: ('MESH:C077059', 'Chemical') :: ['theacrine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity35840 :: ('MESH:D013805', 'Chemical') :: ['theobromine']

entities_list: @entity61174 :: ('CHEBI:26385', 'Chemical') :: ['purine alkaloids']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Heavy tea consumption is suggested to be unsuitable for @entity101 @entity1 . However, the bioactive substances in different varieties of tea leaves are very different. This study compares the effects of three Chinese teas  -  @entity2441 , C. ptilophylla and C. assamica var. kucha  -  on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs). RESULTS: Intragastric administration of @entity2441 extract led to an acute @entity101 (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate in SHRs. However, C. ptilophylla and C. assamica var. kucha exerted no obvious influences on SBP, @entity11559 or heart rate. Similar to the extract of @entity2441 , intragastric administration of @entity5834 also led to an acute increase in BP and heart rate in SHRs. In contrast, @entity35840 and @entity70778  -  @entity61174 predominantly contained in C. ptilophylla and C. assamica var. kucha, respectively  -  had no pressor effects. The effect of @entity5834 on BP was related to the regulation of plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels in SHRs. CONCLUSION: The different effects of @entity2441 , C. ptilophylla and C. assamica var. kucha on BP might be explained, at least partially, by the differences in the varieties and contents of @entity61174 .    2014 Society of Chemical Industry.

title: Differing chemical compositions of three teas may explain their different effects on acute blood pressure in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Variation in nasal floor topography has generated both neontological and paleontological interest. Three categories of nasal floor shape (Franciscus: J Hum Evol 44 (2003) 699-727) have been used when analyzing this trait in extant @entity1 and fossil Homo: flat, sloped, and @entity308 (or "bi-level"). Variation in the frequency of these configurations within and among extant and fossil @entity1 has been well-documented (Franciscus: J Hum Evol 44 (2003) 699-727; Wu et al.: Anthropol Sci 120 (2012) 217-226). However, variation in this trait in Homo has been observed primarily in adults, with comparatively small subadult sample sizes and/or large age gradients that may not sufficiently track key ontogenetic changes. In this study, we investigate the ontogeny of nasal floor shape in a relatively large cross-sectional age sample of extant @entity1 (n = 382) ranging from 4.0 months fetal to 21 years post-natal. Results indicate that no fetal or young @entity1 individuals possess a @entity308 nasal floor, and that a @entity308 nasal floor, when present (ca. 21% of the sample), does not occur until 3.0 years postnatal. A canonical variates analysis of maxillary shape revealed that individuals with @entity308 nasal floors were also characterized by relatively taller anterior alveolar regions. This suggests that palate remodeling at about 3.0-3.5 years after birth, under the influence of tooth development, strongly influences nasal floor variation, and that various aspects of dental development, including larger crown/root size, may contribute to the development of a @entity308 nasal floor. These results in extant @entity1 may help explain the high frequency of this trait found in @entity4840 and other archaic Homo maxillae. Am J Phys Anthropol 155:369-378, 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The ontogeny of nasal floor shape variation in extant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of @entity4082 in @entity1 with secondary @entity6126 . DESIGN: Phase II clinical trial. SETTING: Community dwelling @entity1 making visits to physician offices. @entity1 (S): @entity1 with secondary @entity6126 . INTERVENTION(S): Oral administration of @entity4082 or 1% topical T gel. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Luteinizing hormone, FSH, T, and semen analysis. RESULT(S): Treatment with @entity4082 resulted in increased morning serum T, E2, and LH levels similar to those obtained with a topical T gel in @entity1 with secondary @entity6126 . Follicle-stimulating hormone and LH were increased with @entity4082 , and sperm counts were conserved. CONCLUSION(S): @entity4082 reverses the two hallmarks of secondary @entity6126 , namely, @entity258 and low or inappropriately normal LH while preserving sperm production. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01270841 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01270841).

title: XXXX stimulates testosterone production while preventing oligospermia: a  randomized phase II clinical trial comparing topical testosterone.

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['Enclomiphene citrate', 'enclomiphene citrate', 'enclomiphene']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low serum total T']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

answer: @entity4082 :: (MESH:D002996,Chemical) :: ['Enclomiphene citrate']


abstract: @entity130 is the leading cause of @entity204 during the first four decades of life in the developed countries. Its haemodynamic response underpins the @entity1 's initial ability to survive, and the response to treatment and subsequent morbidity and resolution. @entity130 causes a number of insults including @entity548 , tissue injury (nociception) and, predominantly, in military casualties, blast from explosions. This article discusses aspects of the haemodynamic responses to these insults and subsequent treatment. 'Simple' @entity548 ( @entity190 without significant volume of tissue damage) causes a biphasic response: mean arterial blood pressure (MBP) is initially maintained by the baroreflex ( @entity591 and increased vascular resistance, Phase 1), followed by a sudden decrease in MAP initiated by a second reflex (decrease in vascular resistance and @entity1168 , Phase 2). Phase 2 may be protective. The response to tissue injury attenuates Phase 2 and may cause a deleterious haemodynamic redistribution that compromises blood flow to some vital organs. In contrast, thoracic blast exposure augments Phase 2 of the response to @entity548 . However, hypoxaemia from @entity651 limits the effectiveness of @entity551 resuscitation by augmenting the @entity1457 state. An alternative strategy ('hybrid resuscitation') whereby tissue perfusion is increased after the first hour of @entity551 resuscitation by adopting a revised normotensive target may ameliorate these problems. Finally, @entity1286 also attenuates Phase 2 of the response to @entity548 in some, but not all, species and this is associated with poor outcome. The impact on @entity1 @entity1 is currently unknown and is the subject of a current physiological investigation.

title: Haemodynamic changes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['attendant shock']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria, new enhancement within the radiation field on contrast enhanced T1-weighted images within 12 weeks after completion of radiotherapy should not qualify for progressive disease, since up to 50% of these cases may be pseudoprogression ( @entity38702 ). To validate this concept, we assessed incidence and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 with suspected and confirmed @entity38702 dependent on different time intervals and definitions of @entity38702 . METHODS: @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 and an enhancement increase of at least 25% after completion of standard radiochemotherapy at month 1, 4, 7, or 10 were eligible. Based on the development of the enhancement in follow-up examinations, @entity1 were categorized as either @entity38702 (subgrouped as complete resolution/decrease >50% and decrease <50%/stable) or true progression. RESULTS: Out of 548 @entity1 , 79 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these 79 @entity1 , 9 (11.4%) showed @entity38702 (6/45 @entity1 at 1 month, 2/17 at 4 months, 1/9 at 7 months, and 0/8 at 10 months). Complete resolution of the enhancement was found in 1, decrease >50% in 3, decrease <50% in 2, and stable enhancement in 3 @entity1 with @entity38702 . @entity1 with @entity38702 showed a significantly longer @entity1349 (P < .012). No difference in @entity1349 was found among @entity38702 subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: This series challenges the current concept of @entity38702 . Even though we could confirm a prolonged @entity1349 of @entity1 with @entity38702 , the incidence of @entity38702 was lower than reported previously and extended beyond 12 weeks.

title: Pseudoprogression in @entity1 with XXXX : clinical relevance despite low incidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: According to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria, new enhancement within the radiation field on contrast enhanced T1-weighted images within 12 weeks after completion of radiotherapy should not qualify for progressive disease, since up to 50% of these cases may be pseudoprogression ( @entity38702 ). To validate this concept, we assessed incidence and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 with suspected and confirmed @entity38702 dependent on different time intervals and definitions of @entity38702 . METHODS: @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 and an enhancement increase of at least 25% after completion of standard radiochemotherapy at month 1, 4, 7, or 10 were eligible. Based on the development of the enhancement in follow-up examinations, @entity1 were categorized as either @entity38702 (subgrouped as complete resolution/decrease >50% and decrease <50%/stable) or true progression. RESULTS: Out of 548 @entity1 , 79 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these 79 @entity1 , 9 (11.4%) showed @entity38702 (6/45 @entity1 at 1 month, 2/17 at 4 months, 1/9 at 7 months, and 0/8 at 10 months). Complete resolution of the enhancement was found in 1, decrease >50% in 3, decrease <50% in 2, and stable enhancement in 3 @entity1 with @entity38702 . @entity1 with @entity38702 showed a significantly longer @entity1349 (P < .012). No difference in @entity1349 was found among @entity38702 subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: This series challenges the current concept of @entity38702 . Even though we could confirm a prolonged @entity1349 of @entity1 with @entity38702 , the incidence of @entity38702 was lower than reported previously and extended beyond 12 weeks.

title: Pseudoprogression in XXXX with @entity463 : clinical relevance despite low incidence.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Ageing is associated with an overall decline in the functional capacity of tissues and stem cells, including haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), as well as @entity409 . Dietary restriction (DR) is a recognised anti-ageing intervention that extends lifespan and improves health in several organisms. To investigate the role of @entity10205 and telomerase in haematopoietic ageing, we compared the HSPC profile and clonogenic capacity of bone marrow cells from wild type with telomerase-deficient @entity19 and the effect of DR on these parameters. Compared with young @entity19 , aged wild type @entity19 demonstrated a significant accumulation of HSPCs (1.3% vs 0.2%, P=0.002) and elevated numbers of granulocyte/macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM, 26.4 vs 17.3, P=0.0037) consistent with myeloid "skewing" of haematopoiesis. DR was able to restrict the increase in HSPC number as well as the myeloid "skewing" in aged wild type @entity19 . In order to analyse the influence of short @entity10205 on the ageing phenotype we examined @entity19 lacking the RNA template for telomerase, @entity21324 (-/-). Telomere shortening resulted in a similar bone marrow phenotype to that seen in aged @entity19 , with significantly increased HSPC numbers and an increased formation of all myeloid colony types but at a younger age than wild type @entity19 . However, an additional increase in erythroid colonies (BFU-E) was also evident. @entity19 lacking telomerase reverse transcriptase without shortened @entity10205 , @entity15087 (-/-), also presented with augmented haematopoietic ageing which was ameliorated by DR, demonstrating that the effect of DR was not dependent on the presence of telomerase in HSPCs. We conclude that whilst shortened @entity10205 mimic some aspects of haematopoietic ageing, both shortened @entity10205 and the lack of telomerase produce specific phenotypes, some of which can be prevented by dietary restriction.

title: Dietary restriction ameliorates haematopoietic ageing independent of telomerase, whilst lack of telomerase and short XXXX exacerbates the ageing phenotype.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['telomere dysfunction']

answer: @entity10205 :: (MESH:C536801,Disease) :: ['telomeres']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity174 ( @entity174 ) includes different @entity174 patterns with varied degrees of articular @entity308 and displacement. Many kinds of fixators, including newly designed plate with locking screws, were applied to treat these complicated fractures. We intended to follow up the surgical outcomes of (1) unilateral locking plate, (2) classic dual plates, or (3) hybrid dual plates for @entity174 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 76 @entity1 with @entity174 , Schatzker types V and VI, who we operated from June 2006 to May 2009 in our institute. Excluding @entity1 who expired due to other medical conditions and without complete follow-up, 45 @entity1 were sorted out in this series. The scheme of surgical intervention was designed by visiting staff, and 15 @entity1 , as group I, were treated with unilateral locking plate. The other 19 @entity1 , as group II, were treated with classic dual plates. The residual 11 @entity1 , as group III, were treated with hybrid dual plates (one lateral approach @entity2850 ( @entity2850 )   +   medial anti-gliding plate). All @entity1 were under periodic F/U at about 6  weeks interval for at least 18  months postoperatively. RESULTS: In group I, 13 cases achieved solid bony union without obvious traumatic OA change, limitation of ROM, or @entity893 . In groups II and III, 15 and 10 @entity1 reached the same goal, respectively. By analysis of the recorded parameters with statistical software (SPSS 12.0), there were five parameters with significant difference, including Schatzker classification, operation time, staged treatment or not, hospitalization period, and hardware impingement. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant statistical difference of union rate between these three groups in our series. Based on our clinical follow-up, several key points were emphasized: (1) Soft tissue problems should be kept in mind, and usage of locking plate can reduce the discomfort of hardware impingement effectively. (2) The single lateral approach technique for @entity174 with locking plate results in less operation time and shorter hospitalization period. (3) If the medial buttress cannot be established by reduction of the lateral @entity174 , then open reduction of the medial side is necessary and buttresses the medial fragment by dual plates.

title: Comparison of outcome of unilateral locking plate and dual plating in the treatment of bicondylar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Tibial plateau fracture', 'fracture', 'TPF']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['LCP', 'locking compression plate']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignment']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tibial plateau fractures']


abstract: @entity1582 is a @entity1583 characterized by plasma cell clonal expansion as well as end-organ damage due to increased levels of monoclonal proteins in both the plasma and urine. The clinical syndrome is characterized by @entity2741 , @entity177 , @entity417 , and bone involvement that leads to pathologic @entity174 . This progressive disease can result in significant @entity1 morbidity and mortality. Despite advances with treatment options and autologous stem cell transplantation, @entity1582 remains incurable. Current front-line therapies include proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, @entity8253 , and @entity230 . Due to the advent of the immunomodulatory agents @entity2816 and @entity6985 , as well as the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 , overall survival in @entity1 with @entity1582 has improved greatly. However, once @entity1 progress through front-line therapy and have relapsed or refractory disease, treatment options have historically been very limited. @entity33931 , a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, has shown impressive response rates as a single agent in the relapsed and refractory @entity1 setting; this includes @entity1 who are refractory to previous @entity1749 therapy. In addition, a third-generation immunomodulator, @entity16291 , has also shown promising results in a similar @entity1 population, including those @entity1 who have been shown to be refractory to @entity6985 and @entity1749 . Adverse effects of both of these medications have been considered tolerable in the relapsed or refractory population, especially considering the benefits that have been shown. Continuing clinical research will reveal the utility of these agents in combination regimens or in a front-line setting for @entity1 with @entity1582 .

title: XXXX and @entity16291 : recent advances in the treatment of @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity33931 :: ('MESH:C524865', 'Chemical') :: ['Carfilzomib']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity16291 :: ('MESH:C467566', 'Chemical') :: ['pomalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity33931 :: (MESH:C524865,Chemical) :: ['Carfilzomib']


abstract: @entity1582 is a @entity1583 characterized by plasma cell clonal expansion as well as end-organ damage due to increased levels of monoclonal proteins in both the plasma and urine. The clinical syndrome is characterized by @entity2741 , @entity177 , @entity417 , and bone involvement that leads to pathologic @entity174 . This progressive disease can result in significant @entity1 morbidity and mortality. Despite advances with treatment options and autologous stem cell transplantation, @entity1582 remains incurable. Current front-line therapies include proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, @entity8253 , and @entity230 . Due to the advent of the immunomodulatory agents @entity2816 and @entity6985 , as well as the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 , overall survival in @entity1 with @entity1582 has improved greatly. However, once @entity1 progress through front-line therapy and have relapsed or refractory disease, treatment options have historically been very limited. @entity33931 , a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, has shown impressive response rates as a single agent in the relapsed and refractory @entity1 setting; this includes @entity1 who are refractory to previous @entity1749 therapy. In addition, a third-generation immunomodulator, @entity16291 , has also shown promising results in a similar @entity1 population, including those @entity1 who have been shown to be refractory to @entity6985 and @entity1749 . Adverse effects of both of these medications have been considered tolerable in the relapsed or refractory population, especially considering the benefits that have been shown. Continuing clinical research will reveal the utility of these agents in combination regimens or in a front-line setting for @entity1 with @entity1582 .

title: @entity33931 and XXXX : recent advances in the treatment of @entity1582 .

answer: @entity16291 :: (MESH:C467566,Chemical) :: ['pomalidomide']


abstract: @entity1582 is a @entity1583 characterized by plasma cell clonal expansion as well as end-organ damage due to increased levels of monoclonal proteins in both the plasma and urine. The clinical syndrome is characterized by @entity2741 , @entity177 , @entity417 , and bone involvement that leads to pathologic @entity174 . This progressive disease can result in significant @entity1 morbidity and mortality. Despite advances with treatment options and autologous stem cell transplantation, @entity1582 remains incurable. Current front-line therapies include proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, @entity8253 , and @entity230 . Due to the advent of the immunomodulatory agents @entity2816 and @entity6985 , as well as the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 , overall survival in @entity1 with @entity1582 has improved greatly. However, once @entity1 progress through front-line therapy and have relapsed or refractory disease, treatment options have historically been very limited. @entity33931 , a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, has shown impressive response rates as a single agent in the relapsed and refractory @entity1 setting; this includes @entity1 who are refractory to previous @entity1749 therapy. In addition, a third-generation immunomodulator, @entity16291 , has also shown promising results in a similar @entity1 population, including those @entity1 who have been shown to be refractory to @entity6985 and @entity1749 . Adverse effects of both of these medications have been considered tolerable in the relapsed or refractory population, especially considering the benefits that have been shown. Continuing clinical research will reveal the utility of these agents in combination regimens or in a front-line setting for @entity1 with @entity1582 .

title: @entity33931 and @entity16291 : recent advances in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: The influence of intraocular pressure (IOP) on the visual field of @entity726 @entity1 is discussed; the criterion level for postoperative IOP control was set at 20 mmHg. When the IOP exceeded this level for two consecutive months, the IOP control was judged to be a failure, and the surgical results were analysed by a life-table method. Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) with 50 shots over 180 degrees of the angle was used routinely, because of fewer complications than with 360 degrees ALT. A second session sometimes improved the final success rate, which was about 57% in primary @entity1538 and 94% in @entity9998 after a follow-up period of two years and two months. All @entity1 (120 eyes) required drugs, but their use could be reduced in about 35%. The IOP distribution in successful cases showed a peak at 16 to 17 mmHg, and the IOP was 15 mmHg or less in 21%. In trabeculectomy, pretreatment with topical @entity3352 and @entity134 drip infusion was advocated, and concentrated @entity4023 was used during surgery. These procedures reduced the incidence of @entity8707 and associated @entity1713 . The final success rate was about 60% after five years of follow-up. The IOP distribution after more than two years peaked at 13 to 15 mmHg, and the IOP was 15 mmHg or less in 53%.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal detachment']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['capsular glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['shallow anterior chamber']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: A sporadic case of @entity8431 of the simple form (Peiffer) was reported. The @entity1 was three-year-old @entity1 who had suffered from progressive @entity851 and @entity16 such as @entity2055 , @entity12661 and @entity912 of the extremities for eighteen months after she had showed normal development till one and a half years old and died from @entity1576 . On admission, computerized tomogram scan demonstrated diffuse low density lesions of the cerebral white matter extending subsequently to the subcortical white matter. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid revealed only slight increase of protein. Lysosomal enzyme activities such as arylsulfatase and @entity1194 in the white blood cells were normal except for distinctly low activity of a-mannosidase without any clinical symptoms suggesting @entity38128 . @entity1522 in blood were normal. The brain weighed 900 gm. On the coronal sections most part of the cerebral white matter was so strongly degenerated and disappeared that the lateral ventricular structure was not discernible. Histologically, a diffuse and symmetrical demylination, loss of axons including U fibers and moderate @entity5219 were observed in the residual white matter in the cerebrum and pons. There was no inflammatory cells and metachromatic substances. Large amount of sudanophilic droplets showing polarizing cross and needle like crystals were found in the intra- and/or extracytoplasm of macrophages. @entity17 with little tissue reaction were also found in the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and in pyramidal tracts through midbrain to cervical spinal cord. There were slight loss of neurons and moderate @entity5219 in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. There were no Rosenthal fibers and no sparing of islets of myelin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of simple form of XXXX of a @entity1 which showed a marked loss of cerebral white matter and fatty liver].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity38128 :: ('MESH:D044904', 'Disease') :: ['a-mannosidase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental retardation']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acids']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['Demyelinated lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity1194 :: ('2720', 'Gene') :: ['beta-galactosidase']

entities_list: @entity5219 :: ('MESH:D005911', 'Disease') :: ['gliosis', 'astrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity8431 :: ('MESH:D007966', 'Disease') :: ['sudanophilic leukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity12661 :: ('MESH:D019575', 'Disease') :: ['cortical blindness']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paralysis']

answer: @entity8431 :: (MESH:D007966,Disease) :: ['sudanophilic leukodystrophy']


abstract: A sporadic case of @entity8431 of the simple form (Peiffer) was reported. The @entity1 was three-year-old @entity1 who had suffered from progressive @entity851 and @entity16 such as @entity2055 , @entity12661 and @entity912 of the extremities for eighteen months after she had showed normal development till one and a half years old and died from @entity1576 . On admission, computerized tomogram scan demonstrated diffuse low density lesions of the cerebral white matter extending subsequently to the subcortical white matter. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid revealed only slight increase of protein. Lysosomal enzyme activities such as arylsulfatase and @entity1194 in the white blood cells were normal except for distinctly low activity of a-mannosidase without any clinical symptoms suggesting @entity38128 . @entity1522 in blood were normal. The brain weighed 900 gm. On the coronal sections most part of the cerebral white matter was so strongly degenerated and disappeared that the lateral ventricular structure was not discernible. Histologically, a diffuse and symmetrical demylination, loss of axons including U fibers and moderate @entity5219 were observed in the residual white matter in the cerebrum and pons. There was no inflammatory cells and metachromatic substances. Large amount of sudanophilic droplets showing polarizing cross and needle like crystals were found in the intra- and/or extracytoplasm of macrophages. @entity17 with little tissue reaction were also found in the cerebellum, medulla oblongata and in pyramidal tracts through midbrain to cervical spinal cord. There were slight loss of neurons and moderate @entity5219 in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. There were no Rosenthal fibers and no sparing of islets of myelin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of simple form of @entity8431 of a XXXX which showed a marked loss of cerebral white matter and fatty liver].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To overcome current limitations of Tissue Engineering (TE) strategies, deeper comprehension on meniscus biology is required. This study aims to combine biomechanical segmental analysis of fresh @entity1 meniscus tissues and its correlation with architectural and cellular characterization. METHOD: Morphologically intact menisci, from 44 live donors were studied after division into three radial segments. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed at physiological-like conditions. Micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis of freeze-dried samples assessed micro-structure. Flow cytometry, histology and histomorphometry were used for cellular study and quantification. RESULTS: Anterior segments present significantly higher damping properties. Mid body fresh medial meniscus presents higher values of E' compared to lateral. Cyclic loads influence the viscoelastic behavior of menisci. By increasing the frequency leads to an increase in stiffness. Conversely, with increasing frequencies, the capacity to dissipate energy and damping properties initially decrease and then rise again. Age and gender directly correlate with higher E' and tan   . Micro-CT analysis revealed that mean porosity was 55.5 (21.2-89.8)% and 64.7 (47.7-81.8)% for freeze-dried lateral and medial meniscus, respectively. Predominant cells are positive for @entity1759 , @entity12359 , @entity5399 and CD105, and lack @entity2279 , @entity2280 and @entity1195 (present in smaller populations). Histomorphometry revealed that cellularity decreases from vascular zone 1 to zone 3. Anterior segments of lateral and medial meniscus have inferior cellularity as compared to mid body and posterior ones. CONCLUSION: Menisci are not uniform structures. Anterior segments have lower cellularity and higher damping. Cyclic loads influence viscoelastic characteristics. Future TE therapies should consider segmental architecture, cellularity and biomechanics of fresh tissue.

title: Biomechanical and cellular segmental characterization of XXXX meniscus: building the basis for Tissue Engineering therapies.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose A preliminary project to correlate MR findings with mapping prostate biopsy to help differentiate malignant transitional zone lesions form @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) nodules. Materials and Methods Institutional IRB approved retrospective study with 14 @entity1 suspected of having @entity263 who underwent both prostate 3T MRI using endorectal coil and 3D transperineal mapping prostate biopsy. MR exams were independently reviewed by two abdominal radiologists blinded to pathology with disagreement resolved by consensus. An @entity75 was defined as having hypointense T2 signal subjectively without corresponding T1 high signal intensity and low signal on ADC maps in the central gland. Mapping biopsy consisted of systematic transperineal US guided biopsy with 55-108 cores per @entity1 . Results Twenty-nine lesions were detected on MRI. Of these, 13 correlated with Gleason 6 or higher biopsy samples. 16 were biopsy negative. Among the various MRI characteristics assessed, lack of T2 hypointense rim demonstrated the highest specificity (93%) and positive predictive value (89%). Highest sensitivity (85%) and negative predictive value (78%) were seen with ill-defined nodules. When suspicious MR characteristics were combined, the specificity and @entity2286 rose to 100% while sensitivity decreased to 45% and NPV decreased to 73%. Conclusions Preliminary study indicates MR findings which can help differentiate a @entity1067 nodule from transitional @entity263 which could help direct biopsy in the large and growing number of @entity1 suspected of having @entity263 . Further work will be needed for validation.

title: Multi-parametric MRI findings of transitional XXXX : correlation with 3-dimensional transperineal mapping biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'zone prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['MRI lesion']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['zone prostate cancers']


abstract: The purpose of our study was to analyze the clinical relevance of computerized tomography (CT) in providing the diagnosis of @entity32 ( @entity32 ) in @entity1 with @entity697 . The CT images of 134 @entity1 were reviewed. Two groups of @entity1 were made according to the presence (group 1; n   =   21) or the absence (group 2; n   =   113) of @entity32 . Clinical signs of @entity1 , CT features, complications at surgery, and histological examinations were noted. Inter-observer agreement was assessed by using kappa statistics. Twenty-one @entity1 presenting with CT features of @entity32 were diagnosed. An excellent inter-observer agreement (k   =   0.94) was assessed for the diagnosis of @entity32 . No significant statistical difference in the age distribution was observed between @entity1 with @entity32 (mean age 55) and @entity1 without (mean age 45) (p   =   0.2232). No clinical sign showed a statistically significant association with the presence of @entity32 (p   =   0.707) or with complication encountered at surgery (p   =   0.180). Delay to CT examination was 5.4  days in @entity1 presenting with CT features of @entity32 and of 1.7  days for @entity1 presenting without (p   =   0.0001). Conversely to @entity697 complicated by simple perforation (p   =   0.153) or peri-appendicular abscess (p   =   0.501), @entity697 presenting with @entity32 showed a statistically significant association with complications encountered at surgery (p   =   0.0003) and the need for conversion to open surgery (p   =   0.001). Performing CT in complicated @entity697 provides the diagnosis of @entity32 . Distinction of @entity32 appeared to be of clinical relevance, since immediate surgery in @entity32 was statistically associated with surgical complications and conversion to open surgery in our study.

title: Inflammatory appendix mass in @entity1 with XXXX : CT diagnosis and clinical relevance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory appendix mass', 'IAM']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: The purpose of our study was to analyze the clinical relevance of computerized tomography (CT) in providing the diagnosis of @entity32 ( @entity32 ) in @entity1 with @entity697 . The CT images of 134 @entity1 were reviewed. Two groups of @entity1 were made according to the presence (group 1; n   =   21) or the absence (group 2; n   =   113) of @entity32 . Clinical signs of @entity1 , CT features, complications at surgery, and histological examinations were noted. Inter-observer agreement was assessed by using kappa statistics. Twenty-one @entity1 presenting with CT features of @entity32 were diagnosed. An excellent inter-observer agreement (k   =   0.94) was assessed for the diagnosis of @entity32 . No significant statistical difference in the age distribution was observed between @entity1 with @entity32 (mean age 55) and @entity1 without (mean age 45) (p   =   0.2232). No clinical sign showed a statistically significant association with the presence of @entity32 (p   =   0.707) or with complication encountered at surgery (p   =   0.180). Delay to CT examination was 5.4  days in @entity1 presenting with CT features of @entity32 and of 1.7  days for @entity1 presenting without (p   =   0.0001). Conversely to @entity697 complicated by simple perforation (p   =   0.153) or peri-appendicular abscess (p   =   0.501), @entity697 presenting with @entity32 showed a statistically significant association with complications encountered at surgery (p   =   0.0003) and the need for conversion to open surgery (p   =   0.001). Performing CT in complicated @entity697 provides the diagnosis of @entity32 . Distinction of @entity32 appeared to be of clinical relevance, since immediate surgery in @entity32 was statistically associated with surgical complications and conversion to open surgery in our study.

title: Inflammatory appendix mass in XXXX with @entity697 : CT diagnosis and clinical relevance.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The hypothesis that the termination of sexual receptivity (heat) in female @entity840 results from loss of @entity1871 receptors from hypothalamic cell nuclei was tested. First, we attempted to find an optimal dose of @entity1420 that would result in a prolonged period of sexual receptivity. Ovariectomized @entity840 were implanted with 10% @entity53 capsules. Forty hours later, each received one of several sized @entity1420 capsules before being tested hourly for @entity1515 . Surprisingly, none of the @entity1420 doses resulted in delayed heat termination. In order to determine whether elevated levels of @entity53 and @entity1420 maintain elevated levels of nuclear @entity1871 receptors despite the lack of effect on heat duration, animals were treated as described above except that only one size @entity1420 capsule (3.0 cm) or an empty capsule was implanted. Despite elevated serum @entity1420 concentrations, nuclear @entity1871 receptor levels decreased gradually and approached control levels at about the same time as heat termination had occurred in similarly-treated animals. Cytosol @entity1871 receptor levels decreased following @entity1420 treatment and remained lowered at all times measured. In order to further investigate the relationship between blood @entity1420 concentrations and retention of nuclear @entity1871 receptors we decreased blood @entity1420 concentrations by removing @entity1420 capsules 2 h following insertion. Nuclear @entity1871 receptor levels declined gradually concurrent with a decline in serum @entity1420 levels in animals exposed to @entity1420 capsules for only 2 h. In animals exposed to capsules continuously, nuclear @entity1871 receptor levels again decreased but at a slightly slower rate. In order to test the effect of @entity1420 capsule removal on female sexual behavior, ovariectomized @entity840 were treated as described and tested hourly for @entity1515 . Fewer animals in the group exposed to @entity1420 capsules for 2 h became sexually receptive as compared to animals continuously-exposed to @entity1420 capsules. Of those animals that did respond, heat termination had occurred by the same time that nuclear @entity1871 receptor levels had returned to control levels in similarly-treated animals. These experiments support the hypothesis that heat termination results from the loss of @entity1871 receptors from hypothalamic cell nuclei. In addition, they demonstrate that circulating @entity1420 levels play a role in regulating nuclear @entity1871 receptor retention.

title: Loss of hypothalamic nuclear-bound XXXX receptors: factors involved and the relationship to heat termination in female @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

answer: @entity1871 :: (CHEBI:59826,Chemical) :: ['progestin']


abstract: The hypothesis that the termination of sexual receptivity (heat) in female @entity840 results from loss of @entity1871 receptors from hypothalamic cell nuclei was tested. First, we attempted to find an optimal dose of @entity1420 that would result in a prolonged period of sexual receptivity. Ovariectomized @entity840 were implanted with 10% @entity53 capsules. Forty hours later, each received one of several sized @entity1420 capsules before being tested hourly for @entity1515 . Surprisingly, none of the @entity1420 doses resulted in delayed heat termination. In order to determine whether elevated levels of @entity53 and @entity1420 maintain elevated levels of nuclear @entity1871 receptors despite the lack of effect on heat duration, animals were treated as described above except that only one size @entity1420 capsule (3.0 cm) or an empty capsule was implanted. Despite elevated serum @entity1420 concentrations, nuclear @entity1871 receptor levels decreased gradually and approached control levels at about the same time as heat termination had occurred in similarly-treated animals. Cytosol @entity1871 receptor levels decreased following @entity1420 treatment and remained lowered at all times measured. In order to further investigate the relationship between blood @entity1420 concentrations and retention of nuclear @entity1871 receptors we decreased blood @entity1420 concentrations by removing @entity1420 capsules 2 h following insertion. Nuclear @entity1871 receptor levels declined gradually concurrent with a decline in serum @entity1420 levels in animals exposed to @entity1420 capsules for only 2 h. In animals exposed to capsules continuously, nuclear @entity1871 receptor levels again decreased but at a slightly slower rate. In order to test the effect of @entity1420 capsule removal on female sexual behavior, ovariectomized @entity840 were treated as described and tested hourly for @entity1515 . Fewer animals in the group exposed to @entity1420 capsules for 2 h became sexually receptive as compared to animals continuously-exposed to @entity1420 capsules. Of those animals that did respond, heat termination had occurred by the same time that nuclear @entity1871 receptor levels had returned to control levels in similarly-treated animals. These experiments support the hypothesis that heat termination results from the loss of @entity1871 receptors from hypothalamic cell nuclei. In addition, they demonstrate that circulating @entity1420 levels play a role in regulating nuclear @entity1871 receptor retention.

title: Loss of hypothalamic nuclear-bound @entity1871 receptors: factors involved and the relationship to heat termination in female XXXX .

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: Serum @entity533 ( @entity533 ) has been shown to act as an important guardian against cellular damage from oxidized lipids in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), plasma membrane, against toxic agents such as pesticide residues including @entity2958 and against bacterial endotoxin. @entity533 associated with circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has the ability to prevent the generation of pro inflammatory oxidized phospholipids by reactive @entity26 species. The activities of the HDL-associated @entity533 and several other anti-inflammatory factors in HDL are in turn negatively regulated by these oxidized lipids. In @entity95 , @entity19 , and @entity1 there appears to be an increase in the formation of these oxidized lipids during the acute phase response. This results in the association of acute phase proteins with HDL and inhibition of the HDL-associated @entity533 that renders HDL pro inflammatory.In populations, low serum HDL- @entity165 is a risk factor for @entity731 and efforts are directed toward therapies to improve the quality and the relative concentrations of LDL and HDL. @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ) has been shown to reduce @entity731 in laboratory animals. @entity1675 , however, is a large protein that is costly and needs to be administered parenterally. Our group has developed @entity1675 mimetic peptides that are much smaller than @entity1675 (18 @entity1522 long vs 243 in @entity1675 itself). These HDL mimetic peptides are much more effective in removing the oxidized phospholipids and other oxidized lipids. They improve LDL and HDL composition and function and reduce lesion formation in animal models of @entity731 . Following is a brief description of some of the HDL mimetic peptides that can improve HDL and the effect of the peptide on @entity533 activity.

title: Systemic inflammation, intestine, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2958 :: ('MESH:D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphates']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['ApoA-I', 'apoA-I', 'Apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherogenesis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity533 :: (5444,Gene) :: ['paraoxonase-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of body composition as a function of lean mass index (LMI) and body fat (BF) on the correlation between increasing body mass index (BMI; calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared) and decreasing mortality, which is known as the @entity28 paradox. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 47,866 @entity1 with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (>= 50%). We calculated BF by using the Jackson- @entity25512 equation and LMI using (1 - BF)   BMI. The population was divided according to the sex-adjusted BMI classification, sex-adjusted LMI classification, and sex-adjusted BF tertiles. The population was analyzed by using multivariate analysis for total mortality over a mean follow-up duration of 3.1 years by using the National Death Index, adjusting for left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular mass index, age, sex, and relative wall thickness. RESULTS: In the entire population, higher BMI was narrowly associated (hazard ratio [HR], 0.99; P<.001) with lower mortality. The higher LMI group was clearly protective (HR, 0.71; P<.001), whereas BF tertile was associated with lower mortality only if no adjustment was made for LMI (HR, 0.87; P<.001 without LMI; HR, 0.97; P=.23 with LMI). In the lean @entity1 , low BMI was clearly associated with higher mortality (HR, 0.92; P<.001) and lower BF tertile was associated with lower mortality only if no adjustment was made for LMI (HR, 0.80; P<.001 without LMI; HR, 1.01; P=.83 with LMI). The underweight @entity1 stratified by BF seemed to have an increased mortality (HR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.56-2.34) that was independent of LMI. However, in @entity28 @entity1 , both BMI (HR, 1.03; P<.001) and BF (HR, 1.18; P=.003) were associated with higher mortality, even after adjusting for LMI, which remained protective (HR, 0.57; P<.001) independently of BF. CONCLUSION: Body composition could explain the inverse J shape of the mortality curve noted with increasing BMI. Body fat seems to be protective in this cohort only if no adjustment was made for LMI, although being underweight stratified by BF seems to be an independent risk factor. Lean mass index seems to remain protective in @entity28 @entity1 even when BMI is not.

title: Body composition and mortality in a large cohort with preserved ejection fraction: untangling the XXXX paradox.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine trends in pharmacotherapy for @entity551 in all @entity1 and in @entity600 ( @entity600 , birth weight 300-1000  g) @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: We queried the Pediatric Health Information System database for all @entity1  <=28  days with a diagnosis code for @entity551 that were discharged between January 2001 and December 2012. @entity1 were excluded if they had complex @entity299 or cardiac surgery, @entity295 or @entity693 , or had extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We determined trends in pharmacotherapy for @entity551 in all @entity1 and @entity600 @entity1 , an especially vulnerable group. RESULTS: A total of 8019 @entity551 @entity1 met study criteria. The 2 most prescribed medications were @entity935 (65.3%) and @entity452 (19.9%). For 1487 @entity551 @entity600 @entity1 , the 2 most prescribed medications were @entity935 (83.4%) and @entity701 (33%). During the study period, the use of @entity452 decreased, and @entity701 and vasopressin use increased for all @entity1 and for @entity600 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity551 varies widely between institutions and individual practitioners, and pharmacotherapy for @entity551 has changed over the past decade. Although @entity935 and @entity452 were the most frequently used agents, their use has declined and the uses of @entity701 and @entity1951 have increased.

title: Trends in pharmacotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['extremely low birth weight', 'ELBW']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'neonatal hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['neonatal hypotension']


abstract: This study was aimed at investigating the long-term effects of provision of liquid milk replacer (MR) and solid starter diet (SD) during lactation on post-weaning (PW) growth of @entity1707 . In experiment 1, 33 cross-bred litters were allotted to four treatments: no supplement (CON), MR   ad libitum, SD   ad libitum and 100   g SD/litter/day from lactation day 4 through weaning at day 21 during late fall. In experiment 2, 40 litters received MR or none in July. PW @entity1707 received commercial diets to marketing. In experiment 1, @entity353 ( @entity353 ), pre-weaning average daily gain ( @entity9365 ) and mortality (2.4%) were not influenced by creep-feeding MR or SD. @entity9365 was greater (P   <   0.05) in the MR group versus CON during days 21-54, but did not differ across the treatments during days 54-162. In experiment 2, @entity9365 during lactation and @entity353 were greater in the MR group versus CON, with mortality lower in the former (5.6 vs. 10.3%). However, PW @entity9365 to day 175 did not differ between the two groups. Results suggest that creep-feeding MR or SD has no effect on PW growth. However, it remains possible that MR reduces PW mortality during the hot season.

title: Effects of milk replacer and starter diet provided as creep feed for suckling XXXX on pre- and post-weaning growth.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weaning weight', 'WW']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current data from daily practice show that @entity560    analogues, @entity288 and their fixed combination products are used heterogeneously for topical long-term treatment of @entity1569 . AIM: To evaluate scientific evidence about topical long-term therapy with @entity3875 analogues, @entity288 and their two-compound-products in @entity1569 and @entity11885 and to develop daily practice recommendations. METHODS: Systematic literature review via PubMed and Embase and informal expert consensus. RESULTS: The search strategy identified 21 relevant clinical trials. Best evidence regarding topical long term treatment was available for the two-compound-formulation containing @entity2116 and @entity5935 . In a comparative trial in @entity1569 the two-compound-formulation showed superior tolerability and cost effectiveness compared to monotherapy. In @entity11885 the two-compound-gel was superior compared to @entity2116 monotherapy. Standardized and simplified treatment application modes resulted in a better clinical outcome comparing to on-demand therapies. DAILY PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS: @entity1 should be proactively involved in the choice of treatment, formulation and mode of application. Besides long-term treatment with the two-compound-formulation other treatment regimens including @entity2116 monotherapy can also be considered. Due to a favorable risk-benefit ratio in maintenance trials and due to better cost-effectiveness the application of two-compound-products once or twice a week after initial therapy is recommended.

title: Topical long-term therapy of XXXX with @entity560    analogues, @entity288 and their two compound formulations: position paper on evidence and use in daily practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'psoriasis vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity11885 :: ('MESH:C538225', 'Disease') :: ['scalp psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriene']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current data from daily practice show that @entity560    analogues, @entity288 and their fixed combination products are used heterogeneously for topical long-term treatment of @entity1569 . AIM: To evaluate scientific evidence about topical long-term therapy with @entity3875 analogues, @entity288 and their two-compound-products in @entity1569 and @entity11885 and to develop daily practice recommendations. METHODS: Systematic literature review via PubMed and Embase and informal expert consensus. RESULTS: The search strategy identified 21 relevant clinical trials. Best evidence regarding topical long term treatment was available for the two-compound-formulation containing @entity2116 and @entity5935 . In a comparative trial in @entity1569 the two-compound-formulation showed superior tolerability and cost effectiveness compared to monotherapy. In @entity11885 the two-compound-gel was superior compared to @entity2116 monotherapy. Standardized and simplified treatment application modes resulted in a better clinical outcome comparing to on-demand therapies. DAILY PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS: @entity1 should be proactively involved in the choice of treatment, formulation and mode of application. Besides long-term treatment with the two-compound-formulation other treatment regimens including @entity2116 monotherapy can also be considered. Due to a favorable risk-benefit ratio in maintenance trials and due to better cost-effectiveness the application of two-compound-products once or twice a week after initial therapy is recommended.

title: Topical long-term therapy of @entity1569 with @entity560    analogues, XXXX and their two compound formulations: position paper on evidence and use in daily practice.

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current data from daily practice show that @entity560    analogues, @entity288 and their fixed combination products are used heterogeneously for topical long-term treatment of @entity1569 . AIM: To evaluate scientific evidence about topical long-term therapy with @entity3875 analogues, @entity288 and their two-compound-products in @entity1569 and @entity11885 and to develop daily practice recommendations. METHODS: Systematic literature review via PubMed and Embase and informal expert consensus. RESULTS: The search strategy identified 21 relevant clinical trials. Best evidence regarding topical long term treatment was available for the two-compound-formulation containing @entity2116 and @entity5935 . In a comparative trial in @entity1569 the two-compound-formulation showed superior tolerability and cost effectiveness compared to monotherapy. In @entity11885 the two-compound-gel was superior compared to @entity2116 monotherapy. Standardized and simplified treatment application modes resulted in a better clinical outcome comparing to on-demand therapies. DAILY PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS: @entity1 should be proactively involved in the choice of treatment, formulation and mode of application. Besides long-term treatment with the two-compound-formulation other treatment regimens including @entity2116 monotherapy can also be considered. Due to a favorable risk-benefit ratio in maintenance trials and due to better cost-effectiveness the application of two-compound-products once or twice a week after initial therapy is recommended.

title: Topical long-term therapy of @entity1569 with XXXX    analogues, @entity288 and their two compound formulations: position paper on evidence and use in daily practice.

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: This study evaluated the @entity1547 risk profile of @entity1 with severe @entity717 ( @entity717 ) who received dental treatment under general anesthesia. One hundred and two @entity1 with @entity25878 [ @entity25878 group, mean age ( @entity168 ); 23.8(9.3)] and 100 healthy @entity1 without @entity25878 [NID group, mean age ( @entity168 ); 23.19(3.3)] were included. Medication, disability type, oral hygiene maintenance, and cooperation of the @entity1 were investigated. Dietary habits, plaque index, mutans streptococci counts, @entity1388 availability, and salivary buffering were scored and analyzed using the Cariogram. The mean chance of avoiding @entity1547 ( @entity168 ) was 28.1(20.4) in the @entity25878 group and 54.7(18.4) in the NID group. The @entity25878 group had significantly higher numbers of decayed and missing teeth, but fewer filled teeth than the NID group (p < .05). Significant disparities existed in the distributions of all @entity1547 -related factors except for mutans streptococci counts between the two groups (p < .05). The low chance to avoid future @entity1547 in @entity25878 @entity1 was closely associated with insufficient oral hygiene maintenance (p < .05). @entity1388 availability was strongly associated with the chance of avoiding @entity1547 in the @entity25878 group. Dental @entity1 with severe @entity25878 exhibited a higher risk of developing @entity1547 than normal @entity1 . Among several @entity1547 -related factors, insufficient oral hygiene maintenance and low @entity1388 availability most contributed to the high risk.

title: Caries risk profile of Korean dental @entity1 with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities', 'IDs']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride', 'Fluoride']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disabilities']


abstract: This study evaluated the @entity1547 risk profile of @entity1 with severe @entity717 ( @entity717 ) who received dental treatment under general anesthesia. One hundred and two @entity1 with @entity25878 [ @entity25878 group, mean age ( @entity168 ); 23.8(9.3)] and 100 healthy @entity1 without @entity25878 [NID group, mean age ( @entity168 ); 23.19(3.3)] were included. Medication, disability type, oral hygiene maintenance, and cooperation of the @entity1 were investigated. Dietary habits, plaque index, mutans streptococci counts, @entity1388 availability, and salivary buffering were scored and analyzed using the Cariogram. The mean chance of avoiding @entity1547 ( @entity168 ) was 28.1(20.4) in the @entity25878 group and 54.7(18.4) in the NID group. The @entity25878 group had significantly higher numbers of decayed and missing teeth, but fewer filled teeth than the NID group (p < .05). Significant disparities existed in the distributions of all @entity1547 -related factors except for mutans streptococci counts between the two groups (p < .05). The low chance to avoid future @entity1547 in @entity25878 @entity1 was closely associated with insufficient oral hygiene maintenance (p < .05). @entity1388 availability was strongly associated with the chance of avoiding @entity1547 in the @entity25878 group. Dental @entity1 with severe @entity25878 exhibited a higher risk of developing @entity1547 than normal @entity1 . Among several @entity1547 -related factors, insufficient oral hygiene maintenance and low @entity1388 availability most contributed to the high risk.

title: Caries risk profile of Korean dental XXXX with severe @entity717 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine associations between weight change, body composition, risk of @entity717 , and mortality in older adults. DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort. SETTING: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. @entity1 : @entity1 (n  =  1,044) and @entity1 (n  =  931) aged 70 to 79. MEASUREMENTS: Weight and lean and fat mass from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured annually over 5  years. Weight was defined as stable (n  =  664, reference), loss (n  =  662), gain (n  =  321), or cycling (gain and loss, n  =  328) using change of 5% from year to year or from Year 1 to 6. Mobility disability (two consecutive reports of difficulty walking one-quarter mile or climbing 10 steps) and mortality were determined for 8  years after the weight change period. Associations were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for covariates. RESULTS: During follow-up, 313 @entity1 and 375 @entity1 developed @entity717 , and 322 @entity1 and 378 @entity1 died. There was no risk of @entity717 or mortality with @entity1017 . Weight loss (hazard ratio (HR)  =  1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI)  =  1.40-2.53) and weight cycling (HR  =  1.59, 95% CI  =  1.11-2.29) were associated with @entity717 in @entity1 , and @entity353 was associated with @entity717 in @entity1 (HR  =  1.30, 95% CI  =  1.01-1.69). Weight loss and weight cycling were associated with mortality risk in @entity1 ( @entity353 : HR  =  1.47, 95% CI  =  1.07-2.01; weight cycling: HR  =  1.62, 95% CI  =  1.15-2.30) and in @entity1 ( @entity353 : HR  =  1.41, 95% CI  =  1.09-1.83; weight cycling: HR  =  1.50, 95% CI  =  1.08-2.08). Adjustment for lean and fat mass and change in lean and fat mass from Year 1 to 6 attenuated the relationships between @entity353 and @entity717 in @entity1 and between @entity353 and mortality in @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Weight cycling and @entity353 predict impending @entity717 and mortality in old age, underscoring the prognostic importance of weight history.

title: Weight change, body composition, and risk of XXXX and mortality in older adults: a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mobility disability']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['mobility disability']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of high-dose @entity70779 was studied in 18 @entity1 with @entity1577 . Nine male and nine female @entity1 with a mean age of 14.7 years (range 3 to 29 years) participated in the study. They received @entity17286 450 mg/kg/day (as the @entity11929 ) in six divided doses. During a steady-state dosing interval, a dose of @entity17286 was coadministered with a 10-mg/kg dose of @entity10817 as a 30-minute infusion. Serum concentrations of @entity17286 and @entity10817 were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography assay. The data were analyzed using model-independent methods. The mean elimination rate constant for @entity17286 was 0.64 +/- 0.22 hr-1 and the mean serum half-life was 1.22 +/- 0.39 hr. Total clearance of @entity17286 , calculated by noncompartmental analysis, was 77.2 +/- 26.4 mL/min/sq m. Glomerular filtration rate, as estimated by measuring @entity10817 clearance, was 79.6 +/- 21.9 mL/min/sq m. The total clearance of @entity17286 correlated with @entity10817 clearance. @entity1 with @entity1577 appear to eliminate @entity17286 more rapidly than healthy individuals. This rapid elimination warrants the use of high doses to maintain high serum concentrations.

title: Pharmacokinetics of high-dose XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1577 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity70779 :: ('CHEBI:51864', 'Chemical') :: ['azlocillin sodium']

entities_list: @entity17286 :: ('MESH:D001390', 'Chemical') :: ['azlocillin']

entities_list: @entity10817 :: ('MESH:D007483', 'Chemical') :: ['iothalamate sodium', 'iothalamate']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity11929 :: ('CHEBI:26714', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium salt']

answer: @entity70779 :: (CHEBI:51864,Chemical) :: ['azlocillin sodium']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of high-dose @entity70779 was studied in 18 @entity1 with @entity1577 . Nine male and nine female @entity1 with a mean age of 14.7 years (range 3 to 29 years) participated in the study. They received @entity17286 450 mg/kg/day (as the @entity11929 ) in six divided doses. During a steady-state dosing interval, a dose of @entity17286 was coadministered with a 10-mg/kg dose of @entity10817 as a 30-minute infusion. Serum concentrations of @entity17286 and @entity10817 were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography assay. The data were analyzed using model-independent methods. The mean elimination rate constant for @entity17286 was 0.64 +/- 0.22 hr-1 and the mean serum half-life was 1.22 +/- 0.39 hr. Total clearance of @entity17286 , calculated by noncompartmental analysis, was 77.2 +/- 26.4 mL/min/sq m. Glomerular filtration rate, as estimated by measuring @entity10817 clearance, was 79.6 +/- 21.9 mL/min/sq m. The total clearance of @entity17286 correlated with @entity10817 clearance. @entity1 with @entity1577 appear to eliminate @entity17286 more rapidly than healthy individuals. This rapid elimination warrants the use of high doses to maintain high serum concentrations.

title: Pharmacokinetics of high-dose @entity70779 in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of high-dose @entity70779 was studied in 18 @entity1 with @entity1577 . Nine male and nine female @entity1 with a mean age of 14.7 years (range 3 to 29 years) participated in the study. They received @entity17286 450 mg/kg/day (as the @entity11929 ) in six divided doses. During a steady-state dosing interval, a dose of @entity17286 was coadministered with a 10-mg/kg dose of @entity10817 as a 30-minute infusion. Serum concentrations of @entity17286 and @entity10817 were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography assay. The data were analyzed using model-independent methods. The mean elimination rate constant for @entity17286 was 0.64 +/- 0.22 hr-1 and the mean serum half-life was 1.22 +/- 0.39 hr. Total clearance of @entity17286 , calculated by noncompartmental analysis, was 77.2 +/- 26.4 mL/min/sq m. Glomerular filtration rate, as estimated by measuring @entity10817 clearance, was 79.6 +/- 21.9 mL/min/sq m. The total clearance of @entity17286 correlated with @entity10817 clearance. @entity1 with @entity1577 appear to eliminate @entity17286 more rapidly than healthy individuals. This rapid elimination warrants the use of high doses to maintain high serum concentrations.

title: Pharmacokinetics of high-dose @entity70779 in XXXX with @entity1577 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anti-nociceptive and sedative effects of slow intravenous (IV) injection of @entity1340 , @entity6226 , or a combination of both drugs in ponies. STUDY DESIGN: Within-subject blinded. ANIMALS: Twenty ponies (seven male, 13 female, weighing mean      SD 268.0      128  kg). METHODS: On separate occasions, each pony received one of the following three treatments IV; @entity6226 50   g  kg(-) (R) @entity1340 3  mg  kg(-1) given over 15  minutes (T) or @entity1340 3  mg  kg(-1) followed by @entity6226 50   g  kg(-1) ( @entity138 ). Physiologic parameters and caecal borborygmi (CB) were measured and sedation and response to electrical stimulation of the coronary band assessed before and up to 120  minutes following drugs administration. Results were analyzed using the Friedman's test and 2 way anova as relevant. RESULTS: When compared to baseline, @entity299 ( @entity299 , beats minute(-1) ) and respiratory rates (fR , breaths minute(-1) ) increased with treatment T (highest mean      SD, @entity299 43      1; fR 33      2) and decreased with R (lowest @entity299 29      1 and fR 10      4) and @entity138 (lowest @entity299 32      1 and fR 9      3). There were no changes in other measured physiological variables. The height of head from the ground was lower following treatments R and TR than T. There was slight ataxia with all three treatments. No excitatory behavioural effects were observed. The response to electrical stimulation was reduced for a prolonged period relative to baseline following all three treatments, the effect being significantly greatest with treatment @entity138 . CONCLUSION: @entity1340 combined with @entity6226 at the stated doses proved an effective sedative and anti-nociceptive combination in ponies, with no unacceptable behavioural or physiologic side effects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Slow controlled administration of @entity1340 should reduce the occurrence of adverse behavioural side effects.

title: Anti-nociceptive and sedative effects of XXXX , @entity1340 and their combination administered intravenously slowly in ponies.

entities_list: @entity6226 :: ('MESH:C076257', 'Chemical') :: ['romifidine']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol', 'Tramadol']

answer: @entity6226 :: (MESH:C076257,Chemical) :: ['romifidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the anti-nociceptive and sedative effects of slow intravenous (IV) injection of @entity1340 , @entity6226 , or a combination of both drugs in ponies. STUDY DESIGN: Within-subject blinded. ANIMALS: Twenty ponies (seven male, 13 female, weighing mean      SD 268.0      128  kg). METHODS: On separate occasions, each pony received one of the following three treatments IV; @entity6226 50   g  kg(-) (R) @entity1340 3  mg  kg(-1) given over 15  minutes (T) or @entity1340 3  mg  kg(-1) followed by @entity6226 50   g  kg(-1) ( @entity138 ). Physiologic parameters and caecal borborygmi (CB) were measured and sedation and response to electrical stimulation of the coronary band assessed before and up to 120  minutes following drugs administration. Results were analyzed using the Friedman's test and 2 way anova as relevant. RESULTS: When compared to baseline, @entity299 ( @entity299 , beats minute(-1) ) and respiratory rates (fR , breaths minute(-1) ) increased with treatment T (highest mean      SD, @entity299 43      1; fR 33      2) and decreased with R (lowest @entity299 29      1 and fR 10      4) and @entity138 (lowest @entity299 32      1 and fR 9      3). There were no changes in other measured physiological variables. The height of head from the ground was lower following treatments R and TR than T. There was slight ataxia with all three treatments. No excitatory behavioural effects were observed. The response to electrical stimulation was reduced for a prolonged period relative to baseline following all three treatments, the effect being significantly greatest with treatment @entity138 . CONCLUSION: @entity1340 combined with @entity6226 at the stated doses proved an effective sedative and anti-nociceptive combination in ponies, with no unacceptable behavioural or physiologic side effects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Slow controlled administration of @entity1340 should reduce the occurrence of adverse behavioural side effects.

title: Anti-nociceptive and sedative effects of @entity6226 , XXXX and their combination administered intravenously slowly in ponies.

answer: @entity1340 :: (MESH:D014147,Chemical) :: ['tramadol']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: cized, single-blind, controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of the Arthrokinematic approach (AKA)-Hakata (H) method for @entity1643 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The AKA-H method is used to manually treat @entity910 . METHODS: One hundred eighty-six @entity1 with chronic nonspecific @entity1643 randomly received either the AKA-H method (AKA-H group) or the sham technique (S group) monthly for 6 months. Data were collected at baseline and once a month. Outcome measures were @entity158 intensity (visual analogue scale [VAS]) and quality of life (the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire [RDQ] and Short Form SF-36 questionnaire [SF-36]). RESULTS: At baseline, the VAS, RDQ, and SF-36 scores showed similar levels between the groups. After 6 months, the AKA-H group had more improvement in the VAS (42.8% improvement) and RDQ score (31.1% improvement) than the sham group (VAS: 10.4% improvement; RDQ: 9.8% improvement; both, P < 0.001). The respective scores for the SF-36 subscales (physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity158 , social functioning, general health perception, role emotional, and mental health) were also significantly more improved in the AKA-H group than in the sham group (all, P < 0.001). The scores for the physical, psychological, and social aspects of the SF-36 subscales showed similar improvement in the AKA-H group. CONCLUSION: The AKA-H method can be effective in managing @entity1643 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000006250.

title: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on the Efficacy of the Arthrokinematic Approach-Hakata Method in @entity1 with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of intra-articular movement']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: cized, single-blind, controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of the Arthrokinematic approach (AKA)-Hakata (H) method for @entity1643 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The AKA-H method is used to manually treat @entity910 . METHODS: One hundred eighty-six @entity1 with chronic nonspecific @entity1643 randomly received either the AKA-H method (AKA-H group) or the sham technique (S group) monthly for 6 months. Data were collected at baseline and once a month. Outcome measures were @entity158 intensity (visual analogue scale [VAS]) and quality of life (the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire [RDQ] and Short Form SF-36 questionnaire [SF-36]). RESULTS: At baseline, the VAS, RDQ, and SF-36 scores showed similar levels between the groups. After 6 months, the AKA-H group had more improvement in the VAS (42.8% improvement) and RDQ score (31.1% improvement) than the sham group (VAS: 10.4% improvement; RDQ: 9.8% improvement; both, P < 0.001). The respective scores for the SF-36 subscales (physical functioning, role physical, bodily @entity158 , social functioning, general health perception, role emotional, and mental health) were also significantly more improved in the AKA-H group than in the sham group (all, P < 0.001). The scores for the physical, psychological, and social aspects of the SF-36 subscales showed similar improvement in the AKA-H group. CONCLUSION: The AKA-H method can be effective in managing @entity1643 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000006250.

title: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on the Efficacy of the Arthrokinematic Approach-Hakata Method in XXXX with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Numerous bacteria in and on its external parts protect the @entity1 body from harmful threats. This study aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effects of the vaginal ecosystem microbiota. A type of bacteria was isolated from vaginal secretions of adolescent and young adult @entity1 , cultured on an appropriate specific culture medium, and then molecularly identified through 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Results of 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that the isolate belongs to the @entity1336 species. The isolated strain exhibited probiotic properties such as low pH and high @entity6741 concentration tolerance, antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria. The anticancer effects of the strain on @entity1 @entity5 cell lines (cervical, HeLa; gastric, AGS; colon, HT-29; breast, MCF-7) and on a @entity1 normal cell line ( @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells [HUVEC]) were investigated. Toxic side effects were assessed by studying apoptosis in the treated cells. The strain exhibited desirable probiotic properties and remarkable anticancer activity against the tested @entity1 @entity5 cell lines (P    <=   0.05) with no significant cytotoxic effects on HUVEC normal cells (P    <=   0.05). Overall, the isolated strain showed favorable potential as a bioactive therapeutic agent. Therefore, this strain should be subjected to the other required tests to prove its suitability for clinical therapeutic application.

title: Assessment of probiotic potential and anticancer activity of newly isolated vaginal bacterium XXXX 5BL.

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus plantarum']

answer: @entity1336 :: (1590,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus plantarum']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Both gingival tissue destruction and regeneration are associated with @entity7278 , although the former overwhelms the latter. Studies have shown that @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), a growth factor largely involved in tissue regeneration and remodeling, is upregulated in @entity7278 . However, the gingival expression of connective tissue growth factor ( @entity12020 or @entity12020 ), a @entity2533 -upregulated gene, in @entity1 with @entity2521 remains undetermined. Although both @entity12020 / @entity12020 and @entity2533 increase the production of extracellular matrix, they have many different biological functions. Therefore, it is important to delineate the impact of @entity2521 on gingival @entity12020 / @entity12020 expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Periodontal tissue specimens were collected from seven individuals without @entity2521 (group 1) and from 14 with @entity2521 (group 2). The expression of @entity12020 and @entity2533 mRNAs were quantified using real-time PCR. RESULTS: Analysis using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test showed that the levels of expression of both @entity12020 / @entity12020 and @entity2533 mRNAs were significantly increased in individuals with @entity2521 compared with individuals without @entity2521 . Furthermore, analysis using a nonparametric correlation (Spearman r) test showed a positive correlation between @entity2533 and @entity12020 / @entity12020 mRNAs. CONCLUSION: The gingival expression levels of @entity12020 / @entity12020 and @entity2533 mRNAs in individuals with @entity2521 are upregulated and correlated.

title: Increased and correlated expression of connective tissue growth factor and @entity2533 in surgically removed periodontal tissues with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGFb1', 'TGF-b1', 'transforming growth factor beta 1']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Both gingival tissue destruction and regeneration are associated with @entity7278 , although the former overwhelms the latter. Studies have shown that @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), a growth factor largely involved in tissue regeneration and remodeling, is upregulated in @entity7278 . However, the gingival expression of connective tissue growth factor ( @entity12020 or @entity12020 ), a @entity2533 -upregulated gene, in @entity1 with @entity2521 remains undetermined. Although both @entity12020 / @entity12020 and @entity2533 increase the production of extracellular matrix, they have many different biological functions. Therefore, it is important to delineate the impact of @entity2521 on gingival @entity12020 / @entity12020 expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Periodontal tissue specimens were collected from seven individuals without @entity2521 (group 1) and from 14 with @entity2521 (group 2). The expression of @entity12020 and @entity2533 mRNAs were quantified using real-time PCR. RESULTS: Analysis using the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test showed that the levels of expression of both @entity12020 / @entity12020 and @entity2533 mRNAs were significantly increased in individuals with @entity2521 compared with individuals without @entity2521 . Furthermore, analysis using a nonparametric correlation (Spearman r) test showed a positive correlation between @entity2533 and @entity12020 / @entity12020 mRNAs. CONCLUSION: The gingival expression levels of @entity12020 / @entity12020 and @entity2533 mRNAs in individuals with @entity2521 are upregulated and correlated.

title: Increased and correlated expression of connective tissue growth factor and XXXX in surgically removed periodontal tissues with @entity7278 .

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor beta 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity344 is @entity32 and/or @entity1066 of the gastrointestinal tract occurring as a complication of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and affects about 50% of all @entity5 @entity1 . AIM: To assess the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of @entity344 and the potential for manipulations of the microbiota to prevent and to treat @entity33 . METHODS: Search of the literature published in English using Medline, Scopus and the Cochrane Library, with main search terms 'intestinal microbiota', ' @entity2259 ', ' @entity33 ', 'chemotherapy-induced @entity294 ', 'chemotherapy-induced @entity33 ', 'radiotherapy-induced @entity33 '. RESULTS: The gut microbiota plays a major role in the maintenance of intestinal homoeostasis and integrity. @entity1 receiving cytotoxic and radiation therapy exhibit marked changes in intestinal microbiota, with most frequently, decrease in Bifidobacterium, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and increase in Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroides. These modifications may contribute to the development of @entity33 , particularly @entity294 and @entity582 . The prevention of @entity5 therapy-induced @entity33 by probiotics has been investigated in randomised clinical trials with some promising results. Three of six trials reported a significantly decreased incidence of @entity294 . One trial reported a decrease in infectious complications. CONCLUSIONS: The gut microbiota may play a major role in the pathogenesis of @entity33 through the modification of intestinal barrier function, innate immunity and intestinal repair mechanisms. Better knowledge of these effects may lead to new therapeutic approaches and to the identification of predictive markers of @entity33 .

title: Systematic review: the role of the gut microbiota in chemotherapy- or radiation-induced XXXX - current evidence and potential clinical applications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['defined as inflammation']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal mucositis', 'gastrointestinal mucositis']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal mucositis']


abstract: AIM: This study examined the relationship between hypothalamic-associated hormones and behavioural and @entity1277 in @entity1 with low birthweight. METHODS: We included 100 @entity1 (mean age 9.7 years): 39 were born preterm at <32 gestational weeks, 28 were full-term, but small for gestational age, and 33 were full-term controls. Behavioural histories were analysed, together with fasting blood samples of leptin, @entity442 ), @entity4090 , glucagon and @entity701 . RESULTS: Preterm @entity1 had lower @entity4090 (p  =  0.01) and higher @entity442 than controls (p  <  0.05, adjusted for confounders), despite being significantly shorter than the predicted target height (p  <  0.001). More preterm @entity1 displayed @entity74 (38% versus 10%, p  <  0.001) and @entity1277 (26% versus 8%, p  <  0.05) than full-term @entity1 . These disorders were associated with lower leptin (p  <  0.01), insulin (p  <  0.05) and @entity442 (p  <  0.05), but correlations between these hormones and leptin were similar among the groups. Combined behavioural and @entity1277 were only observed in preterm @entity1 , who were also the shortest in height. CONCLUSION: Behavioural and @entity1277 among preterm @entity1 were associated with low leptin, insulin and @entity442 . Low @entity4090 in all preterm @entity1 indicated an increased dopaminergic tonus, which might inhibit body weight incrementation. This raises speculation about @entity2856 insensitivity.

title: Preterm born 9-year-olds have elevated @entity442 and low XXXX , but levels vary with behavioural and @entity1277 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I', 'IGF-1', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural disorders']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']