abstract: A small percentage of @entity1 suitable for radical surgery require us to introduce alternative palliative methods prolonging the good quality of life in @entity1 with @entity96 . Apart from thermoablation or cryo-ablation, one of the alternative methods with palliative influence on @entity5 is the chemoembolization of @entity5 . A group of 18 @entity1 , who underwent chemo-embolization at the Surgical Clinic and Radiodiagnostic Clinic, Medical Faculty, Charles University in Pilsen from 2007 to 2008, were assessed from the point of view of complications, overall survival and the @entity1 ' life quality. The most common complication was temperature and @entity158 in the right infracostal area in connection with the performed procedure. The @entity1 ' quality of life after chemo-embolization was very good and the time of hospitalization was only 3.5 days on average. We had to perform the procedure repeatedly in 30% of cases. The chemo-embolization was done on inoperable liver metastases of @entity14 and on inoperable @entity157 (Tab. 1, Fig. 2, Ref. 5).

title: Chemo-embolization of inoperable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: The role of laparoscopic appendectomy in the management of @entity532 remains unsettled with reports of a higher incidence of @entity86 . Most studies on laparoscopic appendectomy in @entity1 have been done in the Western population. This retrospective review has been done to compare laparoscopic appendectomy with open appendectomy in @entity1 with @entity532 in Chittagong Medical Hospital, Bangladesh. Based on intention-to-treat analysis, there were 51 and 61 @entity1 in the laparoscopic and open appendectomy groups, respectively. Conversion from laparoscopy to open technique was done in six @entity1 . Distribution of age, gender and pathology of @entity698 was similar for the two groups. With laparoscopic appendectomy, the mean operative time was longer (112 vs 72 minutes, p-value is less than 0.005), while severe @entity2737 (2.1 vs 21 percent, p-value is less than 0.05) and mean postoperative hospital stay (5.7 vs 7.4 days, p-value is less than 0.005) were significantly lower. The incidence of @entity86 (12 vs 11.5 percent) and @entity86 (20 vs 11.5 percent) were not significantly different (p-value is greater than 0.05). This review has confirmed that the longer the operating time, the lower the incidence of @entity2737 and shorter the postoperative stay for laparoscopic appendectomy. There was no increased risk of @entity86 (Tab. 1, Fig. 15, Ref. 35). Full Text (Free, @entity14305 ) www.bmj.sk.

title: Complicated appendectomy in XXXX in relation to laparoscopic vs open procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever', 'postoperative intraperitoneal abscess']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The factors that influence long-term outcomes after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) are not well known. Compared with deceased-donor transplantation, LDLT has an increased likelihood of a related donor and a decreased number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatches. To clarify the effects of donor relatedness and HLA mismatch on the outcomes after LDLT, we retrospectively analyzed 444 Japanese @entity1 . Donors were blood relatives for 332 @entity1 , spouses for 105, and "other" for 7. The number of HLA A-B-DR mismatches was none to two in 141, three in 123, and four to six in 106 @entity1 . The 15-year survival rate was 52.6%, and @entity2835 recurred in 65 @entity1 . Recipient aged 61 years or older, HLA mismatches of four or more (maximum of six), graft:recipient weight ratio less than 0.8, and husband donor were adverse indicators of @entity1 survival. IgM 554   mg/dL or greater, donor-recipient sex mismatch, and initial immunosuppression with @entity205 were significant risks for @entity2835 recurrence, which did not affect @entity1 survival. In subgroup analysis, conversion to @entity205 from @entity1140 within 1 year diminished recurrence. Prospective studies are needed to determine the influence of pregnancy-associated sensitization and to establish an optimal immunosuppressive regimen in LDLT @entity1 .

title: Long-Term Outcomes of Living-Donor Liver Transplantation for XXXX : A Japanese Multicenter Study.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['Primary Biliary Cirrhosis']


abstract: The condition of discharge of intraocular fluid (IOF), the value of systemic arterial pressure (AP), the condition of mean dynamic arterial pressure in the ocular artery (Pm.ophth.) an the perfusion ocular pressure (Pperf.) were examined in @entity1 with @entity18665 ( @entity18665 ). A decrease in the IOF discharge from 0.16 +/- 0.02 cu mm @entity307 mm Hg at the @entity18665 initial stage to 0.11 +/- 0.01 cu mm @entity307 mm Hg at the @entity18665 deteriorated stage was established. The value of decrease of the systemic AP within an interval of 100 to 116 mm Hg is observed in @entity1 with @entity18665 by 6.9 times more often as compared to the controls (in 42.2% and 6.1% of cases, respectively). A reliable reduction of Pm.ophth. by 4.0 mm Hg and of Pperf.--by 4.9 mm Hg was found in @entity1 with @entity18665 as compared with Pm.ophth. and Pperf. in the controls with the same systemic AP values; the deficit of the ocular volumetric blood flow reached 10.9%. The treatment of @entity18665 @entity1 must be related with improving the IOF discharge, with reducing the genuine intraocular pressure (Po) to a tolerable level, and with increasing the systemic AP, Pm.ophth. and Pperf. to the mean statistically normal level.

title: [Condition of ocular blood supply in XXXX with primary open-angle glaucoma with normal pressure].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity18665 :: ('OMIM:606657', 'Disease') :: ['normal pressure glaucoma', 'NPG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The contradictory results of earlier studies on the role of snuff in the aetiology of @entity5 may be due to the heterogeneous composition of snuff and to regional and cultural differences in its use. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of use of oral snuff in a @entity3548 African adult population, and to report on associated oral lesions. A structured questionnaire was administered by means of face-to-face interviews with a population of 30 randomly selected households (125 adults over the age of 30 years). Of the respondents, 20.8% were active oral snuff-dippers and 80.8% of them had never visited a dentist before. There was no significant difference between the genders of the dippers (P > 0.05). The mean age of dippers was 62.7 years. None of the snuff-dippers chewed or smoked @entity286 , but 38.5% used @entity167 . Mean dipping period was 21.5 years, for about 2 hours per day and an average of 35 minutes per dip. Of the snuff-dippers, 84.6% place their snuff in the lower labial sulcus and 15.4% in the lower buccal sulcus, 80.8% of the dippers demonstrated @entity75 at the site of placement. The clinical severity of the lesions was significantly associated with the brand of snuff used (P < 0.01). The high prevalence of snuff dipping and associated lesion in many of the elderly that had never visited a dentist before highlights the importance of regular screening of this group at risk.

title: Prevalence and pattern of snuff dipping in a XXXX African population.

entities_list: @entity3548 :: ('MESH:C538659', 'Disease') :: ['rural South']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['keratotic lesions']

answer: @entity3548 :: (MESH:C538659,Disease) :: ['rural South']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 is one of the best-known complications of @entity2743 . @entity2743 -induced @entity712 sometimes causes @entity1457 with a high mortality. There is little published information regarding venous-artery mode extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A mode ECMO) to treat @entity1457 in @entity1 with @entity2743 . Here, we present four @entity1 who received this treatment. SUMMARY: We present four @entity1 of severe @entity712 secondary to severe @entity2743 . All @entity1 suffered from @entity65 initially. In addition to primary resuscitation and the antithyroid drugs provided, ECMO was applied for temporally hemodynamic support. One @entity1 expired, and the other three @entity1 successfully recovered from @entity712 under the support of V-A mode ECMO. The thyroid function also returned to normal range. CONCLUSION: @entity1 experiencing @entity712 due to severe @entity2743 should be admitted to intensive care unit for close hemodynamic monitor. In addition, mechanical circulatory support such as ECMO should be provided immediately once @entity1457 occurs.

title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rescues XXXX -related @entity1457 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis', 'Thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory collapse']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular collapse']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 is one of the best-known complications of @entity2743 . @entity2743 -induced @entity712 sometimes causes @entity1457 with a high mortality. There is little published information regarding venous-artery mode extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A mode ECMO) to treat @entity1457 in @entity1 with @entity2743 . Here, we present four @entity1 who received this treatment. SUMMARY: We present four @entity1 of severe @entity712 secondary to severe @entity2743 . All @entity1 suffered from @entity65 initially. In addition to primary resuscitation and the antithyroid drugs provided, ECMO was applied for temporally hemodynamic support. One @entity1 expired, and the other three @entity1 successfully recovered from @entity712 under the support of V-A mode ECMO. The thyroid function also returned to normal range. CONCLUSION: @entity1 experiencing @entity712 due to severe @entity2743 should be admitted to intensive care unit for close hemodynamic monitor. In addition, mechanical circulatory support such as ECMO should be provided immediately once @entity1457 occurs.

title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rescues @entity2743 -related XXXX .

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['circulatory collapse']


abstract: Medical and surgical admissions of @entity734 to Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow in the period 1980-1984 were reviewed. Admission numbers, which totalled 123, rose markedly over the period of the study, particularly in the final year. The mean age of addicts was 21 years. Ninety-two per cent abused heroin but many abused combinations of drugs. Inadvertent @entity4784 overdosage was the commonest diagnosis amongst medical admissions followed by @entity1150 . A small number of cases of @entity884 presented particular problems in diagnosis and management. The commonest reason for surgical admission was abscess formation. Whilst 85% of addicts showed markers of @entity281 with @entity1956 , chronic carriage of surface antigen occurred in only 10%. Few addicts had withdrawal symptoms although the practice of @entity4784 and/or tranquilliser prescribing varied. Many admissions were of short duration with 36% ending in @entity1 taking their own discharge. Only 16% of addicts were notified to the Home Office.

title: Admissions of XXXX to a general hospital: a retrospective study in the northern district of Glasgow.

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['past infection']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addicts']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal endocarditis']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug addicts']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the role of both protein kinase C (PKC)-b and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 in @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) using respective inhibitors, @entity22988 and @entity45817 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity3620 cell lines, control cells, and a variety of archived @entity5 samples were used to determine the protein expression levels of PKC-b, VEGFR-2, VEGF, and p-AKT. Effects of @entity22988 and @entity45817 on phosphorylation status of key signaling molecules and viability of the @entity2615 cells were determined. The common soil @entity2199 , @entity2199 , was treated with @entity22988 to determine its suitability to screen for highly potent kinase inhibitors. RESULTS: PKC-b1, PKC-b2 and VEGFR-2/KDR were overexpressed in @entity3620 cell lines and @entity5 tissues. @entity22988 treatment resulted in significant loss in viability of VEGF induced cell proliferation; however, the effect of @entity45817 was much less. @entity22988 also dramatically decreased the phosphorylation of PKC-b, its downstream target p-AKT, and surprisingly, the upstream VEGFR-2. The combination of the two drugs at best was additive and similar results were obtained with respect to cell viability. Treatment of @entity2199 with @entity22988 resulted in clear phenotypic changes and the worms were hypermotile with abnormal pattern and shape of eggs, suggesting altered fecundity. CONCLUSIONS: PKC-b1 and VEGFR-2 are both excellent therapeutic targets in @entity3620 . @entity22988 was better at killing @entity3620 cells than @entity45817 and the combination lacked synergy. In addition, we show here that @entity2199 can be used to screen for the next generation inhibitors as treatment with @entity22988 resulted in clear phenotypic changes that could be assayed.

title: Role of protein kinase C b and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in @entity3620 : Therapeutic implications and the usefulness of XXXX model organism.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MPM tumor']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity22988 :: ('MESH:C504878', 'Chemical') :: ['enzastaurin', 'Enzastaurin']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the role of both protein kinase C (PKC)-b and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 in @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) using respective inhibitors, @entity22988 and @entity45817 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity3620 cell lines, control cells, and a variety of archived @entity5 samples were used to determine the protein expression levels of PKC-b, VEGFR-2, VEGF, and p-AKT. Effects of @entity22988 and @entity45817 on phosphorylation status of key signaling molecules and viability of the @entity2615 cells were determined. The common soil @entity2199 , @entity2199 , was treated with @entity22988 to determine its suitability to screen for highly potent kinase inhibitors. RESULTS: PKC-b1, PKC-b2 and VEGFR-2/KDR were overexpressed in @entity3620 cell lines and @entity5 tissues. @entity22988 treatment resulted in significant loss in viability of VEGF induced cell proliferation; however, the effect of @entity45817 was much less. @entity22988 also dramatically decreased the phosphorylation of PKC-b, its downstream target p-AKT, and surprisingly, the upstream VEGFR-2. The combination of the two drugs at best was additive and similar results were obtained with respect to cell viability. Treatment of @entity2199 with @entity22988 resulted in clear phenotypic changes and the worms were hypermotile with abnormal pattern and shape of eggs, suggesting altered fecundity. CONCLUSIONS: PKC-b1 and VEGFR-2 are both excellent therapeutic targets in @entity3620 . @entity22988 was better at killing @entity3620 cells than @entity45817 and the combination lacked synergy. In addition, we show here that @entity2199 can be used to screen for the next generation inhibitors as treatment with @entity22988 resulted in clear phenotypic changes that could be assayed.

title: Role of protein kinase C b and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in XXXX : Therapeutic implications and the usefulness of @entity2199 model organism.

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the utility of thee craving instruments to predict drinking during treatment. The three assessments used were the Penn @entity167 Craving Scale (PACS), the @entity167 Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) and Items 1-6 of the Obsessive subscale (OBS) of the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). METHOD: The three instruments were administered during the course of a 9-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 100 mg/day of @entity836 , and a manual-based psychosocial intervention using the BRENDA manual conducted at the University of Pennsylvania's Treatment Research Center. @entity1 (133 @entity1 and 50 @entity1 at the initiation of the study) used these instruments to self-report craving on a weekly or biweekly basis. The weekly number of drinks was reported using the Timeline Followback interview. The data were analyzed with generalized estimating equations using craving scores at 1 week as the independent variable and number of drinks in the subsequent treatment week as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Each of the three scales predicted drinking during the subsequent treatment week. The PACS was the strongest predictor followed closely by the OBS and then the AUQ. Most important, craving as measured by the three scales was a stronger predictor of subsequent drinking than was drinking during the prior treatment week. CONCLUSIONS: Craving assessment provides a useful means of predicting drinking during treatment. Such information would be helpful in designing clinical trials and for many treatment modalities.

title: XXXX craving predicts drinking during treatment: an analysis of three assessment instruments.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: The current study investigated molecular cytogenetic characteristics of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) using genome-wide, single nucleotide polymorphism arrays (SNP-A) capable of detecting cryptic submicroscopic genomic aberrations. Genome-Wide @entity1 SNP 6.0 Array (Affymetrix, CA, USA) was performed in 118 @entity1 having @entity1860 , chronic phase. Thirty-nine clonal aberrations (CAs) were identified (35 losses, two gains, two copy neutral loss of heterozygosity) that were not detected by metaphase cytogenetics in 25 @entity1 (21%). The 9q34 deletions were found in 10% of cases, while 22q11.2 deletions were observed in 12% of cases. Seven @entity1 (6%) harbored both 5'-ABL and 3'-BCR deletions adjacent to the t(9;22) breakpoint. Copy number gains were identified at 8p and 9p, and losses at 2q, 7q, 8q, 9q, 11q, 13q, 16p, and 22q. When we compared the treatment outcome of @entity2213 therapy between @entity1 with and without CAs identified by SNP-A, treatment failure and progression to advanced disease were not significantly different (p   >   0.05). In addition, according to the presence of deletions of 9q34 and/or 22q11.2 identified by SNP-A, the treatment outcome did not show any significant differences (p   >   0.05). Our data suggests that SNP-A analysis is a useful tool for detection of clonal aberrations including deletions adjacent to the t(9;22) breakpoint in the @entity5 genome. However, clonal aberrations detected by SNP-A could not improve a prognostic stratification in @entity1860 @entity1 with chronic phase.

title: Genome-wide high density single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based karyotyping improves detection of clonal aberrations including der(9) deletion, but does not predict treatment outcomes after @entity2213 therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CML cancer']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: The current study investigated molecular cytogenetic characteristics of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) using genome-wide, single nucleotide polymorphism arrays (SNP-A) capable of detecting cryptic submicroscopic genomic aberrations. Genome-Wide @entity1 SNP 6.0 Array (Affymetrix, CA, USA) was performed in 118 @entity1 having @entity1860 , chronic phase. Thirty-nine clonal aberrations (CAs) were identified (35 losses, two gains, two copy neutral loss of heterozygosity) that were not detected by metaphase cytogenetics in 25 @entity1 (21%). The 9q34 deletions were found in 10% of cases, while 22q11.2 deletions were observed in 12% of cases. Seven @entity1 (6%) harbored both 5'-ABL and 3'-BCR deletions adjacent to the t(9;22) breakpoint. Copy number gains were identified at 8p and 9p, and losses at 2q, 7q, 8q, 9q, 11q, 13q, 16p, and 22q. When we compared the treatment outcome of @entity2213 therapy between @entity1 with and without CAs identified by SNP-A, treatment failure and progression to advanced disease were not significantly different (p   >   0.05). In addition, according to the presence of deletions of 9q34 and/or 22q11.2 identified by SNP-A, the treatment outcome did not show any significant differences (p   >   0.05). Our data suggests that SNP-A analysis is a useful tool for detection of clonal aberrations including deletions adjacent to the t(9;22) breakpoint in the @entity5 genome. However, clonal aberrations detected by SNP-A could not improve a prognostic stratification in @entity1860 @entity1 with chronic phase.

title: Genome-wide high density single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based karyotyping improves detection of clonal aberrations including der(9) deletion, but does not predict treatment outcomes after XXXX therapy in @entity1860 .

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an evolutionarily conserved cell signaling pathway that is activated to regulate protein synthesis and restore homeostatic equilibrium when the cell is stressed from increased client protein load or the accumulation of unfolded or malfolded proteins. Once activated, this signaling pathway can either result in the recovery of homeostasis or can activate a cascade of events that ultimately result in cell death. The UPR/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response spectrum and its interplay with other cellular organelles play an important role in the pathogenesis of disease in secretory cells rich in ER, such as hepatocytes. Over the past 2 decades, the contribution of ER stress to various forms of @entity409 has been examined. Robust support for a contributing, as opposed to a secondary role, for ER stress response is seen in the @entity1561 , @entity5881 , @entity63 /reperfusion injury, and cholestatic models of @entity409 . The exact direction of the cause and effect relationship between modes of cell injury and ER stress remains elusive. It is apparent that a complex interplay exists between ER stress response, conditions that promote it, and those that result from it. A vicious cycle in which ER stress promotes @entity32 , cell injury, and @entity1560 and in which steatogenesis, @entity32 , and cell injury aggravate ER stress seems to be at play. It is perhaps the nature of such a vicious cycle that is the key pathophysiologic concept. Therapeutic approaches aimed at interrupting the cycle may dampen the stress response and the ensuing injury.

title: The contribution of endoplasmic reticulum stress to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity2166 ( @entity2166 ) are common @entity146 in @entity5 @entity1 but are often overlooked in clinical oncology settings. We introduced a clinical screening program utilizing the Distress and Impact Thermometer (DIT) to identify @entity308 and @entity2166 in @entity5 outpatients receiving chemotherapy. This study assessed the usefulness of the screening program. METHODS: Pharmacists administered the DIT to consecutive @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy at an outpatient clinic. Psychiatric treatment was recommended to all the @entity1 with positive screening results. The proportion of @entity1 referred to the Psychiatric Service during the program period was then compared with that during a usual care period. RESULTS: Of the 520 @entity1 who started chemotherapy during the 6-month program period, 5.0% (26/520) were referred to the Psychiatric Service and 2.7% (15/520) were diagnosed as having @entity308 or @entity2166 . No statistically significant difference in the referral rates was observed between the two periods (2.7 vs 1.0%, p = 0.46). However, the period from the first chemotherapy treatment until the visit to the Psychiatric Service was significantly shorter during the program period than during the period of usual care (12.9  13.2 days vs 55.6  17.6 days, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity1 referred to the Psychiatric Service for the treatment of @entity308 or @entity2166 during the program period was not different from that during the usual care period. However, the program was useful for introducing @entity146 treatment at an earlier stage. Further modifications to the program to improve the referral rate are necessary.

title: Usefulness of pharmacist-assisted screening and XXXX referral program for outpatients with @entity5 undergoing chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'Major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'adjustment disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity308 ( @entity308 ) and @entity2166 ( @entity2166 ) are common @entity146 in @entity5 @entity1 but are often overlooked in clinical oncology settings. We introduced a clinical screening program utilizing the Distress and Impact Thermometer (DIT) to identify @entity308 and @entity2166 in @entity5 outpatients receiving chemotherapy. This study assessed the usefulness of the screening program. METHODS: Pharmacists administered the DIT to consecutive @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy at an outpatient clinic. Psychiatric treatment was recommended to all the @entity1 with positive screening results. The proportion of @entity1 referred to the Psychiatric Service during the program period was then compared with that during a usual care period. RESULTS: Of the 520 @entity1 who started chemotherapy during the 6-month program period, 5.0% (26/520) were referred to the Psychiatric Service and 2.7% (15/520) were diagnosed as having @entity308 or @entity2166 . No statistically significant difference in the referral rates was observed between the two periods (2.7 vs 1.0%, p = 0.46). However, the period from the first chemotherapy treatment until the visit to the Psychiatric Service was significantly shorter during the program period than during the period of usual care (12.9  13.2 days vs 55.6  17.6 days, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity1 referred to the Psychiatric Service for the treatment of @entity308 or @entity2166 during the program period was not different from that during the usual care period. However, the program was useful for introducing @entity146 treatment at an earlier stage. Further modifications to the program to improve the referral rate are necessary.

title: Usefulness of pharmacist-assisted screening and @entity146 referral program for outpatients with XXXX undergoing chemotherapy.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity3458 are known to be at risk for @entity989 . However, there are reports of @entity989 in @entity1 with sickle cell trait without @entity262 . There are no population-based studies addressing the risk of @entity3458 in this group. We performed a study to clarify the relation between sickle cell trait and @entity989 in healthy subjects. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 100 @entity1 with sickle cell disease who attended the Sickle Cell Clinic at the Hospital for Sick @entity1 , Toronto. We then contacted 200 parents with sickle cell trait, of whom 32 agreed to participate in the study. All @entity1 were proven to have hemoglobin AS status with prior hemoglobin electrophoresis. An ophthalmologic history was obtained, and a complete ophthalmologic examination was performed. We defined @entity3458 as any salmon @entity548 , iridescent spots, black sunbursts, @entity2479 or @entity1713 . The evaluation also included attempts to identify the more subtle signs of @entity3458 , such as optic nerve head vascular changes, vascular tortuosity, macular changes (e.g., @entity455 ) and peripheral arteriovenous anastamoses. Blood samples were obtained for complete blood count, reticulocyte count and smear. RESULTS: We found no cases of @entity3458 among the 32 subjects. Ten of 30 subjects had a high reticulocyte count (greater than 120 x 10(9)/L); however, there were no associated eye findings in this subgroup. INTERPRETATION: Our results indicate that there is no increased risk of @entity989 in healthy @entity1 with sickle cell trait.

title: XXXX in sickle cell trait: does it exist?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microaneurysms and vascular loops']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['patch hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell retinopathy', 'sickle cell trait and concomitant systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach is reported as less invasive, allowing an earlier discharge. Published series have never focused on its use in acromegalic @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach in the management of @entity2124 -secreting @entity652 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen consecutively operated @entity1 were assessed with a prospective follow-up of one year. RESULTS: Sex ratio was 0.7/1 and gross total removal was obtained in 16 cases (84%), subtotal in three (16%). The only complication was a @entity5173 requiring spinal drainage. The median in-hospital stay was 2.5 days. Sixteen @entity1 experienced clinical improvement (84%) and no changes were observed in three (16%). @entity41 was seen in two cases (11%). @entity2124 levels < 2 ng/dl were seen in 17 cases (89%) and only two @entity1 (11%) had a level >2 ng/dl. @entity442 levels were normalized in 16 cases (84%) and remained elevated in three @entity1 (16%). One @entity1 presented an isolated elevated level of @entity442 . @entity1 with @entity41 and elevated @entity2124 and @entity442 levels underwent complementary radiosurgery. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach seems to be useful in @entity2012 , with a high rate of clinical and biochemical cure among other benefits.

title: [Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for XXXX -producing pituitary adenomas. Preliminary results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor', 'Residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'Insulin-like growth factor-1']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: A former premature @entity1 (1,795 g) with @entity1030 underwent pyrolomyotomy under spinal anesthesia. She had been managed with artificial ventilation for 2 months after birth and had developed @entity1030 . She showed frequent @entity386 with desaturation several times per day and 21 x @entity1009 ) of @entity26 had been administered. She began projectile vomiting 1 month after extubation and then was diagnosed as @entity1184 by ultrasonography. She was transferred to our hospital to have pyrolomyotomy. After admission to pediatric intensive care, she was managed with nasal-DPAP to prevent @entity386 . Surgery was completed on the second day after admission under spinal anesthesia using 1.0 mg x kg(-1) of hyperbaric @entity1341 . Spinal puncture was accomplished with 19 mm of 27 G needle after removal of @entity3303 patch which had been applied 1 hour before. After the outflow of clear CSF was confirmed, the anesthetics was administered. After we confirmed the anesthesia level up to T5, surgery was commenced. She was managed with mask CPAP to prevent deasaturation under spontaneous respiration during surgery. She required nasal-CPAP to prevent @entity386 after surgery and she was transferred back to the referred hospital on the 3rd postoperative day without any sequela.

title: [Case of spinal anesthesia for pyrolomyotomy in a former preterm @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic pyrolic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic lung disease']


abstract: A former premature @entity1 (1,795 g) with @entity1030 underwent pyrolomyotomy under spinal anesthesia. She had been managed with artificial ventilation for 2 months after birth and had developed @entity1030 . She showed frequent @entity386 with desaturation several times per day and 21 x @entity1009 ) of @entity26 had been administered. She began projectile vomiting 1 month after extubation and then was diagnosed as @entity1184 by ultrasonography. She was transferred to our hospital to have pyrolomyotomy. After admission to pediatric intensive care, she was managed with nasal-DPAP to prevent @entity386 . Surgery was completed on the second day after admission under spinal anesthesia using 1.0 mg x kg(-1) of hyperbaric @entity1341 . Spinal puncture was accomplished with 19 mm of 27 G needle after removal of @entity3303 patch which had been applied 1 hour before. After the outflow of clear CSF was confirmed, the anesthetics was administered. After we confirmed the anesthesia level up to T5, surgery was commenced. She was managed with mask CPAP to prevent deasaturation under spontaneous respiration during surgery. She required nasal-CPAP to prevent @entity386 after surgery and she was transferred back to the referred hospital on the 3rd postoperative day without any sequela.

title: [Case of spinal anesthesia for pyrolomyotomy in a former preterm XXXX with @entity1030 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: The @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is a polysymptomatic syndrome resulting from the reduction of active nephrons. It is estimated that the disease affects from 4.7-20% of adults. According to the actual knowledge, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 is a significant risk factor for the @entity65 . The aim of our study was to assess the frequency of using the serum @entity1011 level and the estimated GFR (eGFR) as the indices of renal function in clinical practice. The study was performed amongst physicians working in non-academic departments of internal disease in the region of lubelskie voivodeships in 2008. An anonymous questionnaire of own composition consisting of 18 open and closed questions was used. The questions concerned the use of eGFR and serum @entity1011 level in everyday practice. 162 physicians were asked to fill the questionnaire, the percent of positive answers was 27.78% which is 45 questionnaires. The best parameter in evaluation of renal function, according to the asked physicians, was serum @entity1011 level (49% of all answers), eGFR (47%) and serum @entity1133 level or microalbuminuria (4%). Despite the actual recommendations, the serum @entity1011 level still remains the most popular routine parameter used to evaluate renal function. It seems that the knowledge concerning the diagnosing of @entity740 and the prophylaxis of its progression among physicians is insufficient. It concerns mainly physicians with no special training, working rather in profiled than in general medicine departments. Therefore, current educational programs concerning preventing and early diagnosis of @entity740 should be destinated mainly to these groups of physicians.

title: [Serum XXXX level and eGFR as the indices of renal function in present-day clinical practice].

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: @entity130 ( @entity130 ) is a deliberate harm to the body that may lead to @entity130 . Its origin may be functional or biological and it has a higher prevalence in females and in @entity73 individuals. Seventy per cent of @entity2438 @entity1 have @entity130 . Seventy-five per cent of @entity130 are located in the head and neck region. A paediatric case report concerning a 4-year-old @entity2438 female is presented. Detailed medical history, physical examination, clinical intraoral and radiographic examination, incisional biopsy, neuropaediatrical, psychological and speech evaluation were undertaken. Diagnosis included @entity417 , caries, @entity174 , factitial @entity1066 , factitial @entity2521 , self-extraction of primary teeth and permanent teeth buds, non-specific oral @entity1066 with @entity32 , mild @entity1032 , @entity73 , @entity2438 and @entity130 behaviour consisting of putting fingers and foreign objects in the gingiva, fingernail biting and hair pulling. Differential diagnosis included @entity1112 , @entity2521 and @entity11087 . Dental preventive and restorative treatment was performed. Non-contingent reinforcement therapy was successfully used to diminish @entity130 . Treatment of factitial oral @entity130 must be interdisciplinary and requires cooperation of the @entity1 , the parents, health care providers, and medical team.

title: Factitial oral lesions in an XXXX paediatric @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory reaction']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['hypochromic macrocytic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['coronal fracture']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychologically impaired', 'speech impairment']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['hystiocitosis X']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic syndrome', 'autistic']

entities_list: @entity11087 :: ('MESH:D018370', 'Disease') :: ['leukocyte adhesion deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'prepuberal periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['self injurious', 'SIB', 'injuries', 'factitial injuries', 'Self Injurious Behaviour']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autistic']


abstract: @entity130 ( @entity130 ) is a deliberate harm to the body that may lead to @entity130 . Its origin may be functional or biological and it has a higher prevalence in females and in @entity73 individuals. Seventy per cent of @entity2438 @entity1 have @entity130 . Seventy-five per cent of @entity130 are located in the head and neck region. A paediatric case report concerning a 4-year-old @entity2438 female is presented. Detailed medical history, physical examination, clinical intraoral and radiographic examination, incisional biopsy, neuropaediatrical, psychological and speech evaluation were undertaken. Diagnosis included @entity417 , caries, @entity174 , factitial @entity1066 , factitial @entity2521 , self-extraction of primary teeth and permanent teeth buds, non-specific oral @entity1066 with @entity32 , mild @entity1032 , @entity73 , @entity2438 and @entity130 behaviour consisting of putting fingers and foreign objects in the gingiva, fingernail biting and hair pulling. Differential diagnosis included @entity1112 , @entity2521 and @entity11087 . Dental preventive and restorative treatment was performed. Non-contingent reinforcement therapy was successfully used to diminish @entity130 . Treatment of factitial oral @entity130 must be interdisciplinary and requires cooperation of the @entity1 , the parents, health care providers, and medical team.

title: Factitial oral lesions in an @entity2438 paediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The integrity of granulocytic cells and platelets is compromised within cryopreserved stem cell transplants, and consequent DNA release during the thawing procedure can therefore lead to clotting phenomena or microaggregate formation and that in turn may cause loss of progenitor cells. To circumvent this problem a new processing protocol was introduced using recombinant @entity1 deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) to prevent cell aggregate formation. In addition, the impact of this new processing protocol on @entity2280 + umbilical cord blood (UCB) cells was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty samples derived from 7 buffy coat (BC) volume reduced UCB units were cryopreserved, thawed, and processed with washing solutions that were supplemented with rhDNase in various concentrations. Thereafter, clotting and microaggregate formation was scored microscopically. In addition, expression of the adhesion molecules @entity1453 ( @entity1453 , n = 6), @entity2071 ( @entity2071 , n = 11), and @entity1196 (n = 11) on @entity2280 + UCB cells was analyzed by flow cytometry after incubating the samples with either @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) 5.5%, rhDNase 10 or 50 U/mL, or a combination of @entity3733 5.5% and rhDNase 50 U/mL. RESULTS: At a minimal concentration of 10 U rhDNase/mL, clotting or microaggregate formation could be prevented for all tested samples, whereas cell clots could be observed for concentrations up to 8 U/mL. The expression of adhesion molecules on untreated @entity2280 + UCB cells ( @entity1196 : 64.6 +/- 18.8%; @entity1453 : 62.6 +/- 7.5%; @entity2071 : 14.8 +/- 4.1%) did not show any significant difference compared with cells that were incubated with up to 50 U/mL rhDNase ( @entity1196 : 62.2 +/- 19.3%; @entity1453 : 63.1 +/- 5.9%; @entity2071 : 17.5 +/- 6.7%). However, after a combined treatment with @entity3733 5.5% and rhDNase 50 U/mL, a slight but significant decrease in @entity1196 expression could be observed (P < 0.03). CONCLUSION: The supplementation of rhDNase to a final concentration of 10 U/mL cell suspension proved to be effective in preventing clot formation under the conditions examined and did not lead to decreased expression levels of adhesion molecules. We therefore recommend the use of rhDNase for the prevention of clot formation and cell loss during the processing of thawed UCB transplants.

title: Effect of recombinant XXXX deoxyribonuclease on the expression of cell adhesion molecules of thawed and processed cord blood hematopoietic progenitors.

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity1453 :: ('3683', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte function-associated antigen 1', 'LFA-1']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity1892 (PCBCL) are rare and constitute approximately 5-10% of all @entity706 . In the literature, conflicting data exist on the optimal treatment modality regarding the efficacy and the relapse rate after radiotherapy (RT) or polychemotherapy. To evaluate the efficacy of RT, @entity1 data from two centers were analyzed and compared with recent reports in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between April 1984 and June 2001, 35 @entity1 with PCBCL, 17 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 ages 27-86 years, were treated with RT alone (29/35 @entity1 ) or postoperative RT (6/35 @entity1 ). According to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer classification for PCBCL, this study group included 21 @entity1 (60%) with primary cutaneous follicle center-cell lymphoma, 7 (20%) with primary cutaneous immunocytoma, 4 (11%) with primary cutaneous large @entity1892 (PCLBCL) of the leg, and 3 (9%) provisional types. RESULTS: A total of 34/35 @entity1 achieved an initial complete response after RT. In one additional @entity1 , RT was interrupted after 16 Gy because of fulminant @entity55 . A total of 11/35 (31%) @entity1 developed cutaneous relapse after a median of 11 months. Three @entity1 developed an in-field response and 8 @entity1 an out-field relapse. After a median follow-up of 52 months, 27/35 @entity1 are alive, whereas 8/35 @entity1 died (three deaths resulting from PCBCL and five unrelated to PCBCL). The 5-year overall survival rate was 75% (95% CI: 55-95%). The 5-year relapse-free survival was 50% (95% CI: 32-68%). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed disseminated primary lesions in at least two noncontiguous anatomic sites and the histologic subtype PCLBCL as unfavorable prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: RT of all visible @entity272 is an effective treatment for localized PCBCL. In @entity1 with cutaneous relapses, RT is an effective treatment option as well.

title: Long-term efficacy, curative potential, and prognostic factors of radiotherapy in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous B-cell lymphomas', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['cutaneous B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To document current Australian management of asymptomatic @entity263 @entity1 with @entity1486 (PSA) relapse after radical treatment or considered unsuitable for radical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four case scenarios-postprostatectomy PSA @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) with a slow or a rapidly rising PSA level, or no radical treatment-were presented. Management preferences, including (where relevant) @entity4557 , @entity342 ablation either immediate or delayed until a PSA rise or symptomatic progression, and other approaches, were identified. The preferred methods of @entity342 ablation were noted. RESULTS: One hundred eighteen informative replies out of 324 e-mailed surveys were received. For postprostatectomy PSA relapse, 59% of respondents favored salvage @entity4557 . For post- @entity4557 with a slow or a rapidly rising PSA level and treatment of nonradical @entity1 , there was no clear consensus of opinion, with respondents divided among the different options. A diverse range of PSA levels was cited for delayed intervention, with values ranging from 0.8 to 100 ng/mL. PSA doubling time proved a more consistent criterion for determining intervention. Most respondents favored the use of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist as first-line @entity342 ablation, although @entity1 choice was recognized as important in all decision making. CONCLUSIONS: A lack of available evidence underlies the diversity of opinion regarding the management of asymptomatic @entity263 @entity1 with a rising PSA. The need for randomized controlled trials in this area is highlighted.

title: What to do for XXXX @entity1 with a rising PSA?--A survey of Australian practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['relapse, postradiotherapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To document current Australian management of asymptomatic @entity263 @entity1 with @entity1486 (PSA) relapse after radical treatment or considered unsuitable for radical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four case scenarios-postprostatectomy PSA @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) with a slow or a rapidly rising PSA level, or no radical treatment-were presented. Management preferences, including (where relevant) @entity4557 , @entity342 ablation either immediate or delayed until a PSA rise or symptomatic progression, and other approaches, were identified. The preferred methods of @entity342 ablation were noted. RESULTS: One hundred eighteen informative replies out of 324 e-mailed surveys were received. For postprostatectomy PSA relapse, 59% of respondents favored salvage @entity4557 . For post- @entity4557 with a slow or a rapidly rising PSA level and treatment of nonradical @entity1 , there was no clear consensus of opinion, with respondents divided among the different options. A diverse range of PSA levels was cited for delayed intervention, with values ranging from 0.8 to 100 ng/mL. PSA doubling time proved a more consistent criterion for determining intervention. Most respondents favored the use of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist as first-line @entity342 ablation, although @entity1 choice was recognized as important in all decision making. CONCLUSIONS: A lack of available evidence underlies the diversity of opinion regarding the management of asymptomatic @entity263 @entity1 with a rising PSA. The need for randomized controlled trials in this area is highlighted.

title: What to do for @entity263 XXXX with a rising PSA?--A survey of Australian practice.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The appropriate treatment of hydatid cysts of the liver is determined by several factors, namely the @entity1 , the cyst, the therapeutic resources and the physician. Characteristics of cysts, can be described by ultrasonography (US). Based on US images, we can classify hydatid cysts, according the evolutionary phase of the larval parasite and to choose the most appropriate therapeutic approach. US is also important to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment. Concerning the therapeutic methods, surgery had long been the only treatment available for the hydatid @entity96 . Beginning the 1970s @entity13641 , @entity7400 and @entity3753 , have been used for the treatment of the hydatid disease and in the early 1980s, with the development of diagnostic US, the deliberate puncture of @entity1661 , particularly those in the liver, was evaluated this lead to puncture/aspiration, followed by injection of a scolicide which became a therapeutic method known as puncture, aspiration, injection and re-aspiration (PAIR). So, according to the cyst's characteristics based on US evaluation we can establish a therapeutic strategy: cysts type 1 and 3 may be treated by chemotherapy. Alternative treatment should be PAIR but only if the cysts cannot be treated with @entity13641 . If there are contraindications for PAIR and chemotherapy the treatment should be surgical. Type 2 hydatid cysts can be treated by PAIR following initial treatment with @entity13641 . If PAIR is not feasible or there is no evidence of degenerative changes after chemotherapy, surgery is indicated. Type 4 cysts are usually inactive and, in these cases, treatment is not indicated. If there is evidence that the cysts contents are still viable PAIR may be indicate. If PAIR is not possible, surgery is the method of choice. Cysts type 5 do not require treatment.

title: Hydatid XXXX -criteria for the selection of appropriate treatment.

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['Albendazole']

entities_list: @entity13641 :: ('MESH:D001562', 'Chemical') :: ['benzimidazoles']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['cyst of the liver']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal cysts']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['Mebendazole']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['cyst of the liver']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate expression of the @entity26510 receptor ( @entity28575 ) in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) tissues and determine its clinical significance. METHODS: Cancerous and paraneoplastic liver tissues were collected from 30 @entity1 with @entity157 and from 12 @entity1 with @entity409 @entity1 (controls). Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of @entity28575 in these tissues and assess the relationship with clinical pathological features. T-test,?Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The expression of @entity28575 in adjacent liver tissues (100%) was higher than that in the @entity157 (43.33%, P = 0.000) and normal liver tissues (41.67%, P = 0.000). The level of @entity28575 mRNA was also higher in paraneoplastic liver tissues (0.0339+/-0.0221) than in the paired @entity157 tissues (0.0127+/-0.0116, t = 2.911, P = 0.008) and normal liver tissues (0.0154+/-0.0123, t = -2.310, P = 0.033). There was no difference between the levels in @entity157 and normal liver tissues (P more than 0.05). Higher level of @entity28575 mRNA, higher level of serum @entity160 , and higher @entity5 stage (III-IV) were associated with poor prognosis (respectively 4.372, P = 0.037; 24.187, P = 0.000; 8.75, P = 0.003). However, no evident relationship between the expression of @entity28575 and other clinical features was observed. Conclusions Overexpression of @entity28575 may contribute to the occurrence and progression of @entity157 .

title: [Clinical significance of XXXX receptor expression in primary @entity157 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity26510 :: ('MESH:C112381', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinyl leukotriene']

answer: @entity26510 :: (MESH:C112381,Chemical) :: ['cysteinyl leukotriene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate expression of the @entity26510 receptor ( @entity28575 ) in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) tissues and determine its clinical significance. METHODS: Cancerous and paraneoplastic liver tissues were collected from 30 @entity1 with @entity157 and from 12 @entity1 with @entity409 @entity1 (controls). Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of @entity28575 in these tissues and assess the relationship with clinical pathological features. T-test,?Fisher's exact test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The expression of @entity28575 in adjacent liver tissues (100%) was higher than that in the @entity157 (43.33%, P = 0.000) and normal liver tissues (41.67%, P = 0.000). The level of @entity28575 mRNA was also higher in paraneoplastic liver tissues (0.0339+/-0.0221) than in the paired @entity157 tissues (0.0127+/-0.0116, t = 2.911, P = 0.008) and normal liver tissues (0.0154+/-0.0123, t = -2.310, P = 0.033). There was no difference between the levels in @entity157 and normal liver tissues (P more than 0.05). Higher level of @entity28575 mRNA, higher level of serum @entity160 , and higher @entity5 stage (III-IV) were associated with poor prognosis (respectively 4.372, P = 0.037; 24.187, P = 0.000; 8.75, P = 0.003). However, no evident relationship between the expression of @entity28575 and other clinical features was observed. Conclusions Overexpression of @entity28575 may contribute to the occurrence and progression of @entity157 .

title: [Clinical significance of @entity26510 receptor expression in primary XXXX ].

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The clinical courses of 353 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) treated between 1971 and 1982 at the Baltimore @entity5 Research Program (BCRP) of the National @entity5 Institute were reviewed and examined for the impact of presenting WBC count on the initial course and overall outcome of these @entity1 . Group A (WBC greater than 100,000/microL) had significantly more @entity204 during the first week of therapy than did group C (WBC less than 50,000/microL) (P = .0003). CNS @entity548 was responsible for a significantly greater number of @entity204 in group A compared with group C (P less than .004). The group B (WBC 50,000 to 100,000/microL) death rate was intermediate. These findings are consistent with other reports of complications of @entity6922 . Rapid intervention with antileukemic therapy and cranial irradiation may have decreased the risk of CNS @entity548 in group A. If early @entity204 are removed from analysis, the complete remission rate among @entity1 groups is not significantly different (group A, 59%; group B, 68%; group C, 65%). However, further analyses of @entity1 achieving remission demonstrate significant differences among @entity1 groups based on presenting WBC count. The median complete remission duration of @entity1 in group A (4.2 months) is shorter than that of @entity1 in group B (8.0 months) or C (8.0 months), P = .07. In addition, remission duration has improved with modern @entity146 antileukemic therapy in groups B (median before 1977, 7.0 months; after 1977, 22.0 + months) and C (before 1977, 6.0 months; after 1977, 16.0 + months). No such improvement has occurred in group A, in which the median duration of remission was 4.2 months before and after 1977. The same findings are demonstrated in an analysis of survival, with improvement occurring only in groups B (median before 1977, 16.5 months; after 1977, 26.0 + months) and C (before 1977, 13.5 months; after 1977, 24.0 + months). Long-term follow-up (minimum of 4 years) of these @entity1 has allowed an analysis of the effect of presenting WBC count on the overall outcome of adult @entity1 with @entity3052 .

title: Hyperleukocytosis in adult XXXX : impact on remission rate and duration, and survival.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity6922 :: ('MESH:D018921', 'Disease') :: ['leukostasis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia', 'ANLL']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute nonlymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intratumoral B lymphocytes are an integral part of the @entity2 microenvironment. Interrogation of the antibodies they express may improve our understanding of the host response to @entity5 and could be useful in elucidating novel molecular targets. We used two strategies to explore the repertoire of intratumoral B cell antibodies. First, we cloned VH and VL genes from single intratumoral B lymphocytes isolated from one @entity2 , expressed the genes as recombinant mAbs, and used the mAbs to identify the cognate tumor antigens. The Igs derived from intratumoral B cells demonstrated class switching, with a mean VH mutation frequency of 4  %. Although there was no evidence for clonal expansion, these data are consistent with antigen-driven somatic hypermutation. Individual recombinant antibodies were polyreactive, although one clone demonstrated preferential immunoreactivity with @entity33765 ( @entity33765 ). We found that higher levels of @entity33765 antibodies were more common in @entity5 @entity1 , but measurement of @entity33765 antibody levels was not a sensitive test for detecting @entity5 . Second, in an effort to focus our recombinant antibody expression efforts on those B cells that displayed evidence of clonal expansion driven by antigen stimulation, we performed deep sequencing of the Ig genes of B cells collected from seven different @entity5 . Deep sequencing demonstrated somatic hypermutation but no dominant clones. These strategies may be useful for the study of B cell antibody expression, although identification of a dominant clone and unique therapeutic targets may require extensive investigation.

title: Interrogation of individual intratumoral B lymphocytes from XXXX @entity1 for molecular target discovery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intratumoral B lymphocytes are an integral part of the @entity2 microenvironment. Interrogation of the antibodies they express may improve our understanding of the host response to @entity5 and could be useful in elucidating novel molecular targets. We used two strategies to explore the repertoire of intratumoral B cell antibodies. First, we cloned VH and VL genes from single intratumoral B lymphocytes isolated from one @entity2 , expressed the genes as recombinant mAbs, and used the mAbs to identify the cognate tumor antigens. The Igs derived from intratumoral B cells demonstrated class switching, with a mean VH mutation frequency of 4  %. Although there was no evidence for clonal expansion, these data are consistent with antigen-driven somatic hypermutation. Individual recombinant antibodies were polyreactive, although one clone demonstrated preferential immunoreactivity with @entity33765 ( @entity33765 ). We found that higher levels of @entity33765 antibodies were more common in @entity5 @entity1 , but measurement of @entity33765 antibody levels was not a sensitive test for detecting @entity5 . Second, in an effort to focus our recombinant antibody expression efforts on those B cells that displayed evidence of clonal expansion driven by antigen stimulation, we performed deep sequencing of the Ig genes of B cells collected from seven different @entity5 . Deep sequencing demonstrated somatic hypermutation but no dominant clones. These strategies may be useful for the study of B cell antibody expression, although identification of a dominant clone and unique therapeutic targets may require extensive investigation.

title: Interrogation of individual intratumoral B lymphocytes from @entity2 XXXX for molecular target discovery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine cardiac hemodynamics during acute @entity135 ( @entity135 ) and @entity291 venous function during acute @entity135 ( @entity135 ) in subjects with @entity451 compared with sedentary nondisabled controls. Nineteen paraplegic males (below T6) and nine age-, height-, and weight-matched control subjects participated. Heart rate, @entity64 volume, and cardiac output were assessed using the noninvasive @entity14493 uptake method. Venous vascular function of the @entity291 was assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography. After supine measurements were collected, the table was moved to 10 degrees @entity135 followed by the three levels of @entity135 (10, 35, and 75 degrees ) in random order. Cardiac hemodynamics were similar between the groups at all positions. @entity291 circumference was significantly reduced in the paraplegic group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Venous capacitance and compliance were significantly reduced in the paraplegic compared with control group at supine and @entity135 . Neither venous capacitance (P = 0.37) nor compliance (P = 0.19) increased from supine with 10 degrees @entity135 in the paraplegic group. A significant linear relationship was established between supine venous compliance and supine cardiac output in the control group (r = 0.80, P < 0.02) but not in the paraplegic group. The findings of reduced @entity291 circumference and similar venous capacitance at supine rest and 10 degrees @entity135 in the paraplegic group imply that structural changes may have limited @entity1211 in individuals with chronic @entity451 . Furthermore, the lack of a relationship between supine venous compliance and supine cardiac output suggests that cardiac homeostasis does not rely on venous compliance in subjects with @entity451 .

title: Cardiac homeostasis is independent of XXXX venous compliance in subjects with @entity451 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-up tilt', 'HDT', 'head-down tilt', 'HUT']

entities_list: @entity14493 :: ('MESH:D000114', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylene']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous dispensability']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine cardiac hemodynamics during acute @entity135 ( @entity135 ) and @entity291 venous function during acute @entity135 ( @entity135 ) in subjects with @entity451 compared with sedentary nondisabled controls. Nineteen paraplegic males (below T6) and nine age-, height-, and weight-matched control subjects participated. Heart rate, @entity64 volume, and cardiac output were assessed using the noninvasive @entity14493 uptake method. Venous vascular function of the @entity291 was assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography. After supine measurements were collected, the table was moved to 10 degrees @entity135 followed by the three levels of @entity135 (10, 35, and 75 degrees ) in random order. Cardiac hemodynamics were similar between the groups at all positions. @entity291 circumference was significantly reduced in the paraplegic group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Venous capacitance and compliance were significantly reduced in the paraplegic compared with control group at supine and @entity135 . Neither venous capacitance (P = 0.37) nor compliance (P = 0.19) increased from supine with 10 degrees @entity135 in the paraplegic group. A significant linear relationship was established between supine venous compliance and supine cardiac output in the control group (r = 0.80, P < 0.02) but not in the paraplegic group. The findings of reduced @entity291 circumference and similar venous capacitance at supine rest and 10 degrees @entity135 in the paraplegic group imply that structural changes may have limited @entity1211 in individuals with chronic @entity451 . Furthermore, the lack of a relationship between supine venous compliance and supine cardiac output suggests that cardiac homeostasis does not rely on venous compliance in subjects with @entity451 .

title: Cardiac homeostasis is independent of @entity291 venous compliance in subjects with XXXX .

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity920 -based drugs, Casiopeinas (Cas), exhibit antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Unfortunately, the clinical use of these novel chemotherapeutics could be limited by the development of dose-dependent @entity1370 . In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cas @entity1370 and anticancer activity are not completely understood. Here, we explore the potential impact of Cas on the @entity299 energetics as the molecular mechanisms underlying Cas-induced @entity1370 . To explore the properties on mitochondrial metabolism, we determined Cas effects on respiration, membrane potential, membrane permeability, and redox state in isolated @entity299 . The effect of Cas on the mitochondrial membrane potential (    m) was also evaluated in isolated cardiomyocytes by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Cas IIIEa, IIgly, and IIIia predominately inhibited maximal @entity2125 - and @entity4588 -linked mitochondrial respiration, increased the state-4 respiration rate and reduced membrane potential, suggesting that Cas also act as mitochondrial uncouplers. Interestingly, @entity205 inhibited Cas-induced mitochondrial depolarization, suggesting the involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Similarly to isolated mitochondria, in isolated cardiomyocytes, Cas treatment decreased the     m and @entity205 treatment prevented mitochondrial depolarization. The production of @entity5568 increased in Cas-treated mitochondria, which might also increase the oxidation of mitochondrial proteins such as @entity1708 translocase. In accordance, an antioxidant scavenger (Tiron) significantly diminished Cas IIIia mitochondrial depolarization. Cas induces a prominent loss of membrane potential, associated with alterations in redox state, which increases mPTP opening, potentially due to @entity1432 -dependent modifications of the pore, suggesting that direct or indirect inhibition of mPTP opening might reduce Cas-induced @entity1370 .

title: Antineoplastic @entity920 coordinated complexes (Casiopeinas) uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and induce mitochondrial permeability transition in XXXX and cardiomyocytes.

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac mitochondria']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac mitochondria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity920 -based drugs, Casiopeinas (Cas), exhibit antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Unfortunately, the clinical use of these novel chemotherapeutics could be limited by the development of dose-dependent @entity1370 . In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cas @entity1370 and anticancer activity are not completely understood. Here, we explore the potential impact of Cas on the @entity299 energetics as the molecular mechanisms underlying Cas-induced @entity1370 . To explore the properties on mitochondrial metabolism, we determined Cas effects on respiration, membrane potential, membrane permeability, and redox state in isolated @entity299 . The effect of Cas on the mitochondrial membrane potential (    m) was also evaluated in isolated cardiomyocytes by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Cas IIIEa, IIgly, and IIIia predominately inhibited maximal @entity2125 - and @entity4588 -linked mitochondrial respiration, increased the state-4 respiration rate and reduced membrane potential, suggesting that Cas also act as mitochondrial uncouplers. Interestingly, @entity205 inhibited Cas-induced mitochondrial depolarization, suggesting the involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Similarly to isolated mitochondria, in isolated cardiomyocytes, Cas treatment decreased the     m and @entity205 treatment prevented mitochondrial depolarization. The production of @entity5568 increased in Cas-treated mitochondria, which might also increase the oxidation of mitochondrial proteins such as @entity1708 translocase. In accordance, an antioxidant scavenger (Tiron) significantly diminished Cas IIIia mitochondrial depolarization. Cas induces a prominent loss of membrane potential, associated with alterations in redox state, which increases mPTP opening, potentially due to @entity1432 -dependent modifications of the pore, suggesting that direct or indirect inhibition of mPTP opening might reduce Cas-induced @entity1370 .

title: Antineoplastic XXXX coordinated complexes (Casiopeinas) uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and induce mitochondrial permeability transition in @entity299 and cardiomyocytes.

answer: @entity920 :: (MESH:D003300,Chemical) :: ['copper']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary genitourinary (GU) @entity320 is a @entity395 , which is poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE: To examine clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of @entity320 among @entity1 and @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Retrospective study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1973-2010) was used to identify @entity320 cases by @entity5 site and histology codes. We examined associations of @entity320 with demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics, as well as @entity66 ( @entity66 ). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: @entity66 was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CI for factors associated with worse @entity66 . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 1,586 histologically confirmed cases of @entity320 were identified with a median age of 66.1 years (IQR: 55-80). Incidence of @entity320 was 0.2cases/million among @entity1 and 1.80cases/million among @entity1 . Overall, 60.1% of @entity1 had localized disease at presentation and 90.5% of @entity1 had @entity5 -directed surgery. @entity1 with @entity320 had the worst 5- and 10-year @entity66 (39% and 29%, respectively). @entity1 with @entity320 had worse 5- and 10-year @entity66 compared to @entity1 with @entity320 . In multivariate analysis, decreased survival was associated with increasing age, distant stage, and lymph node involvement. Results are limited by the lack of standardized staging for @entity320 and the retrospective design of our study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity320 present with advanced stage and have a poor prognosis. @entity1 have worse @entity66 compared to @entity1 . @entity66 is negatively associated with advanced age at diagnosis, higher stage, and lymph node involvement. @entity1 SUMMARY: Clinicians and @entity1 must be aware of the poor disease-specific outcomes associated with @entity320 . Most importantly, @entity1 fare worse than @entity1 and @entity320 have worse outcomes compared to cutaneous @entity320 .

title: Primary genitourinary @entity320 : Epidemiology and XXXX in a large population-based cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'mucosal melanomas', 'melanomas', 'vulvar/vaginal melanoma', 'penile/scrotal melanoma', 'GU melanoma', 'urothelial melanoma', 'primary GU melanoma']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['disease-specific survival']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary genitourinary (GU) @entity320 is a @entity395 , which is poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE: To examine clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of @entity320 among @entity1 and @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Retrospective study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1973-2010) was used to identify @entity320 cases by @entity5 site and histology codes. We examined associations of @entity320 with demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics, as well as @entity66 ( @entity66 ). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: @entity66 was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CI for factors associated with worse @entity66 . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 1,586 histologically confirmed cases of @entity320 were identified with a median age of 66.1 years (IQR: 55-80). Incidence of @entity320 was 0.2cases/million among @entity1 and 1.80cases/million among @entity1 . Overall, 60.1% of @entity1 had localized disease at presentation and 90.5% of @entity1 had @entity5 -directed surgery. @entity1 with @entity320 had the worst 5- and 10-year @entity66 (39% and 29%, respectively). @entity1 with @entity320 had worse 5- and 10-year @entity66 compared to @entity1 with @entity320 . In multivariate analysis, decreased survival was associated with increasing age, distant stage, and lymph node involvement. Results are limited by the lack of standardized staging for @entity320 and the retrospective design of our study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity320 present with advanced stage and have a poor prognosis. @entity1 have worse @entity66 compared to @entity1 . @entity66 is negatively associated with advanced age at diagnosis, higher stage, and lymph node involvement. @entity1 SUMMARY: Clinicians and @entity1 must be aware of the poor disease-specific outcomes associated with @entity320 . Most importantly, @entity1 fare worse than @entity1 and @entity320 have worse outcomes compared to cutaneous @entity320 .

title: Primary genitourinary XXXX : Epidemiology and @entity66 in a large population-based cohort.

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Performance criteria have been established for in vitro blood @entity413 monitoring, particularly for the self-monitoring of blood @entity413 using @entity413 meters. Devices intended for use in the future, such as the continuous @entity413 monitoring system (CGMS), should satisfy similar criteria, particularly in @entity6 @entity1 under intensive therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The analysis was conducted on 18 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 (not controlled, HbA(1c) >7.5%) treated by external pump using insulin analogs. Each @entity1 received a @entity413 sensor for 3 days during his/her hospitalization and was instructed in its operation. Medtronic criteria were used to determine the accuracy of the CGMS. In addition, the data were analyzed according to American @entity6 Association (ADA) criteria, Clarke Error Grid analysis, and method of residuals, with the @entity413 oxidase method using a Beckman analyzer used as the reference method. Specificity and sensitivity were evaluated from the viewpoint of accuracy in the detection of @entity4053 . For nine @entity1 , two @entity413 sensors were simultaneously inserted into an abdominal site to determine the reproducibility of the system. RESULTS-Among the 33 @entity413 sensors inserted, 6 (18%) were nonfunctional. The mean duration of CGMS recording was 63 +/- 12 h. From all of the 692 sets of data that paired @entity413 readings and CGMS, the coefficients of correlation ranged from 0.87 to 0.92 and the mean absolute error ranged from 12.8 to 15.7%. The time experienced in @entity4053 (<55 mg/dl) was reported at 86 +/- 62 min/day. Only 39% of the CGMS values satisfied the ADA precision criteria to within +/-10%, and 19% of these values satisfied the future ADA precision criteria of accuracy to within +/-5%. The means of difference method showed that the CGMS slightly underestimated the plasma @entity413 values (mean = -12 mg/dl). Error grid analysis showed only 77% of the @entity413 sensor values were in zone A, and 98.9% were in zones A and B. Two values fell in zone C and a single value fell in zone D. The sensitivity and specificity of the CGMS to detect @entity4053 were 33 and 96%, respectively. A total of 6666 paired sensor values were recorded with a coefficient of correlation of 0.84 with a @entity72644 .25%. CONCLUSIONS: CGMS could be useful in routine clinical practice to provide much more information on the @entity413 profile than intermittent self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG). However, CGMS cannot be used as a replacement for @entity413 meters because it does not satisfy the conventional performance goals set down for in vitro @entity413 measurements and could therefore lead to clinically incorrect treatment decisions.

title: Clinical performance of CGMS in type 1 XXXX @entity1 treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using insulin analogs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity72644 :: ('MESH:C567096', 'Disease') :: ['coefficient of variation of 8']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Performance criteria have been established for in vitro blood @entity413 monitoring, particularly for the self-monitoring of blood @entity413 using @entity413 meters. Devices intended for use in the future, such as the continuous @entity413 monitoring system (CGMS), should satisfy similar criteria, particularly in @entity6 @entity1 under intensive therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The analysis was conducted on 18 type 1 @entity6 @entity1 (not controlled, HbA(1c) >7.5%) treated by external pump using insulin analogs. Each @entity1 received a @entity413 sensor for 3 days during his/her hospitalization and was instructed in its operation. Medtronic criteria were used to determine the accuracy of the CGMS. In addition, the data were analyzed according to American @entity6 Association (ADA) criteria, Clarke Error Grid analysis, and method of residuals, with the @entity413 oxidase method using a Beckman analyzer used as the reference method. Specificity and sensitivity were evaluated from the viewpoint of accuracy in the detection of @entity4053 . For nine @entity1 , two @entity413 sensors were simultaneously inserted into an abdominal site to determine the reproducibility of the system. RESULTS-Among the 33 @entity413 sensors inserted, 6 (18%) were nonfunctional. The mean duration of CGMS recording was 63 +/- 12 h. From all of the 692 sets of data that paired @entity413 readings and CGMS, the coefficients of correlation ranged from 0.87 to 0.92 and the mean absolute error ranged from 12.8 to 15.7%. The time experienced in @entity4053 (<55 mg/dl) was reported at 86 +/- 62 min/day. Only 39% of the CGMS values satisfied the ADA precision criteria to within +/-10%, and 19% of these values satisfied the future ADA precision criteria of accuracy to within +/-5%. The means of difference method showed that the CGMS slightly underestimated the plasma @entity413 values (mean = -12 mg/dl). Error grid analysis showed only 77% of the @entity413 sensor values were in zone A, and 98.9% were in zones A and B. Two values fell in zone C and a single value fell in zone D. The sensitivity and specificity of the CGMS to detect @entity4053 were 33 and 96%, respectively. A total of 6666 paired sensor values were recorded with a coefficient of correlation of 0.84 with a @entity72644 .25%. CONCLUSIONS: CGMS could be useful in routine clinical practice to provide much more information on the @entity413 profile than intermittent self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG). However, CGMS cannot be used as a replacement for @entity413 meters because it does not satisfy the conventional performance goals set down for in vitro @entity413 measurements and could therefore lead to clinically incorrect treatment decisions.

title: Clinical performance of CGMS in type 1 @entity6 XXXX treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using insulin analogs.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity528 differentially impacts glutamatergic signaling in downstream On and Off @entity162 . In rodent models, @entity528 leads to loss of glutamatergic signaling in On @entity162 , whereas Off @entity162 appear to retain @entity3264 sensitivity, even after extensive photoreceptor loss. The localization and identity of the receptors that mediate these residual @entity3264 responses in Off @entity162 have not been determined. Recent studies show that macaque and @entity19 Off @entity162 receive glutamatergic input primarily through @entity4176 -type @entity3264 receptors. Here, we studied the impact of @entity528 on @entity3264 receptor and their associated proteins in Off and On @entity162 . We show that the @entity4176 receptor subunit, @entity10092 , persists in remodeled Off bipolar cell dendrites of the rd10 @entity19 retina. However, the pattern of expression is altered and the intensity of staining is reduced compared to wild-type retina. The @entity4176 receptor auxiliary subunit, @entity72645 , also remains in Off bipolar cell dendrites after extensive @entity528 . Similar preservation of @entity4176 receptor subunits was evident in @entity1 retina in which photoreceptors had degenerated due to @entity1713 . In contrast, @entity528 leads to loss of synaptic expression of @entity29022 in @entity19 and @entity1 On @entity162 , but strong somatic expression remains. These findings demonstrate that Off @entity162 retain dendritic @entity3264 receptors during @entity2000 and could thus serve as a conduit for signal transmission from transplanted or optogenetically restored photoreceptors.

title: Alterations in @entity4176 Receptor and XXXX Localization in Bipolar Cells after Retinal Photoreceptor Degeneration.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar cells']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['serous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration', 'Photoreceptor degeneration']

answer: @entity29022 :: (17364(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TRPM1']


abstract: @entity528 differentially impacts glutamatergic signaling in downstream On and Off @entity162 . In rodent models, @entity528 leads to loss of glutamatergic signaling in On @entity162 , whereas Off @entity162 appear to retain @entity3264 sensitivity, even after extensive photoreceptor loss. The localization and identity of the receptors that mediate these residual @entity3264 responses in Off @entity162 have not been determined. Recent studies show that macaque and @entity19 Off @entity162 receive glutamatergic input primarily through @entity4176 -type @entity3264 receptors. Here, we studied the impact of @entity528 on @entity3264 receptor and their associated proteins in Off and On @entity162 . We show that the @entity4176 receptor subunit, @entity10092 , persists in remodeled Off bipolar cell dendrites of the rd10 @entity19 retina. However, the pattern of expression is altered and the intensity of staining is reduced compared to wild-type retina. The @entity4176 receptor auxiliary subunit, @entity72645 , also remains in Off bipolar cell dendrites after extensive @entity528 . Similar preservation of @entity4176 receptor subunits was evident in @entity1 retina in which photoreceptors had degenerated due to @entity1713 . In contrast, @entity528 leads to loss of synaptic expression of @entity29022 in @entity19 and @entity1 On @entity162 , but strong somatic expression remains. These findings demonstrate that Off @entity162 retain dendritic @entity3264 receptors during @entity2000 and could thus serve as a conduit for signal transmission from transplanted or optogenetically restored photoreceptors.

title: Alterations in XXXX Receptor and @entity29022 Localization in Bipolar Cells after Retinal Photoreceptor Degeneration.

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['Kainate']


abstract: Cortical neuroplasticity alterations are implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic @entity158 . However, the relationship between critical cortex excitability and @entity158 maintenance has not been fully elucidated. We recently demonstrated a top-down corticospinal descending @entity158 modulation pathway from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to the spinal dorsal horn that could directly regulate nociceptive transmission. Thus, we aimed to investigate possible corticotrigeminal connections that directly influence orofacial nociception in @entity35 . Infraorbital nerve chronic @entity130 (IoN-CCI) induced significant @entity146 as well as @entity158 such as @entity308 in @entity35 . By combining retrograde and anterograde tract tracing, we found powerful evidence that the trigeminal caudal subnucleus (Vc), especially the superficial laminae (I/II), received direct descending projections from granular and dysgranular parts of the @entity550 ( @entity550 ). @entity2509 ( @entity2509 ), an important signaling molecule involved in neuroplasticity, was significantly activated in the @entity550 following IoN-CCI. Moreover, in @entity550 slices from IoN-CCI @entity35 , @entity5732 , an inhibitor of @entity2509 activation, decreased both the amplitude and the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and reduced the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) of Vc-projecting neurons. Additionally, @entity5732 also reduced the number of action potentials in the Vc-projecting neurons. Finally, intra- @entity550 infusion of @entity5732 obviously decreased @entity5019 expression in the Vc, accompanied by the alleviation of both nociceptive behavior and negative emotions. Thus, the corticotrigeminal descending pathway from the @entity550 to the Vc could directly regulate @entity158 , and @entity2509 deactivation in the @entity550 could effectively alleviate @entity9 as well as @entity158 in IoN-CCI @entity35 , probably through this top-down pathway. These findings may help researchers and clinicians to better understand the underlying modulation mechanisms of orofacial @entity9 and indicate a novel mechanism of @entity2509 inhibitor-induced @entity1337 .

title: Corticotrigeminal Projections from the Insular Cortex to the Trigeminal Caudal Subnucleus Regulate Orofacial XXXX after Nerve Injury via @entity2509 Activation in Insular Cortex Neurons.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety/depression']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['insular cortex', 'IC']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial nociceptive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2509 :: ('24338(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial pain', 'pain', 'pain-related negative emotions']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['constriction injury']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Cortical neuroplasticity alterations are implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic @entity158 . However, the relationship between critical cortex excitability and @entity158 maintenance has not been fully elucidated. We recently demonstrated a top-down corticospinal descending @entity158 modulation pathway from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to the spinal dorsal horn that could directly regulate nociceptive transmission. Thus, we aimed to investigate possible corticotrigeminal connections that directly influence orofacial nociception in @entity35 . Infraorbital nerve chronic @entity130 (IoN-CCI) induced significant @entity146 as well as @entity158 such as @entity308 in @entity35 . By combining retrograde and anterograde tract tracing, we found powerful evidence that the trigeminal caudal subnucleus (Vc), especially the superficial laminae (I/II), received direct descending projections from granular and dysgranular parts of the @entity550 ( @entity550 ). @entity2509 ( @entity2509 ), an important signaling molecule involved in neuroplasticity, was significantly activated in the @entity550 following IoN-CCI. Moreover, in @entity550 slices from IoN-CCI @entity35 , @entity5732 , an inhibitor of @entity2509 activation, decreased both the amplitude and the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and reduced the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) of Vc-projecting neurons. Additionally, @entity5732 also reduced the number of action potentials in the Vc-projecting neurons. Finally, intra- @entity550 infusion of @entity5732 obviously decreased @entity5019 expression in the Vc, accompanied by the alleviation of both nociceptive behavior and negative emotions. Thus, the corticotrigeminal descending pathway from the @entity550 to the Vc could directly regulate @entity158 , and @entity2509 deactivation in the @entity550 could effectively alleviate @entity9 as well as @entity158 in IoN-CCI @entity35 , probably through this top-down pathway. These findings may help researchers and clinicians to better understand the underlying modulation mechanisms of orofacial @entity9 and indicate a novel mechanism of @entity2509 inhibitor-induced @entity1337 .

title: Corticotrigeminal Projections from the Insular Cortex to the Trigeminal Caudal Subnucleus Regulate Orofacial @entity158 after Nerve Injury via XXXX Activation in Insular Cortex Neurons.

answer: @entity2509 :: (24338(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ) show @entity73 and production of language, and also @entity73 in perceiving auditory cues to rhythm [amplitude rise time (ART) and sound duration] and in tapping to a rhythmic beat. Here we explore potential links between language development and rhythm perception in 45 @entity1 with @entity22294 and 50 age-matched controls. We administered three rhythmic tasks, a musical beat detection task, a tapping-to-music task, and a novel music/speech task, which varied rhythm and pitch cues independently or together in both speech and music. Via low-pass filtering, the music sounded as though it was played from a low-quality radio and the speech sounded as though it was muffled (heard "behind the door"). We report data for all of the @entity22294 @entity1 (N = 45, IQ varying), as well as for two independent subgroupings with intact IQ. One subgroup, "Pure @entity22294 ," had intact phonology and reading (N = 16), the other, " @entity22294 PPR" (N = 15), had impaired phonology and reading. When IQ varied (all @entity22294 @entity1 ), we found significant group differences in all the rhythmic tasks. For the Pure @entity22294 group, there were @entity73 in the tapping task only. For @entity1 with @entity22294 and poor phonology ( @entity22294 PPR), group differences were found in all of the filtered speech/music AXB tasks. We conclude that difficulties with rhythmic cues in both speech and music are present in @entity1 with @entity10870 , but that some rhythmic measures are more sensitive than others. The data are interpreted within a "prosodic phrasing" hypothesis, and we discuss the potential utility of rhythmic and musical interventions in remediating speech and language difficulties in @entity1 .

title: Awareness of Rhythm Patterns in Speech and Music in @entity1 with Specific XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired perception', 'show impairments', 'rhythmic impairments']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['SLIs', 'specific language impairments']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Language Impairments']