abstract: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) has been reported to be interwined in multiple systems, specifically in the cardiovascular system. However, the mechanisms underlying remain controversial. In the present study, we assessed the cardio-protective effects of @entity3958 in the @entity35 @entity548 model. @entity548 was induced in adult male @entity35 by drawing blood from the femoral artery to maintain the mean arterial pressure at 35-40 mmHg for 1.5 h. The @entity35 were assigned to four groups and the @entity3958 donor, @entity8835 (28  mol/kg, i.p.), was injected before the resuscitation in certain groups. After resuscitation the animals were observed and then killed to harvest the hearts. The morphological investigation and ultrastructural analyses were done and apoptotic cells were detected. The levels of relevant proteins were examined using Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. Resuscitated @entity548 induced @entity3697 and significantly increased the levels of serum myocardial enzymes, @entity908 kinase (CK) and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Furthermore, it caused marked increase of apoptotic cells in heart tissue. Moreover, the expression of death receptor Fas and Fas-ligand, as well as the expression of apoptosis-relevant proteins active- @entity4124 and active- @entity12276 were markedly increased. Administration of @entity8835 significantly ameliorated @entity548 caused hemodynamic deterioration, decreased myocardial enzymes elevation, protected myocardial ultrastructure, and inhibited the expression of apoptosis-relevant proteins. It suggested that @entity3958 might exert its cardio-protective roles via both the extrinsic Fas/ @entity23975 / @entity12276 / @entity4124 pathway and the intrinsic mitochondria-involved pathways.

title: An exogenous hydrogen sulphide donor, @entity8835 , inhibits the apoptosis signaling pathway to exert cardio-protective effects in a XXXX @entity548 model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 with metastatic mixed @entity242 received @entity900 therapy at the University of Texas (UT) M.D. Anderson Hospital and @entity5 Institute at Houston. The dose of @entity900 varied from 75 mg/m2 to 100 mg/m2. Previous therapy included surgery in 11 @entity1 , radiotherapy in two @entity1 , and surgery plus radiotherapy in four @entity1 . One @entity1 had no prior therapy. Seven @entity1 had also received prior chemotherapy with @entity632 . Of 12 @entity1 with measurable disease, one (8%) had a complete response and four (33%) had a partial response for an overall response rate of 42%. The median progression-free survival of @entity1 treated with @entity900 as first- and second-line therapy was 4.5 and 5.5 months, respectively. @entity900 demonstrated moderate activity with mild @entity137 in this group of @entity1 with metastatic mixed mesodermal uterine @entity242 . Further studies including @entity900 -containing combination regimens seem to be warranted.

title: XXXX therapy for disseminated mixed @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'mesodermal sarcoma of the uterus']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 with metastatic mixed @entity242 received @entity900 therapy at the University of Texas (UT) M.D. Anderson Hospital and @entity5 Institute at Houston. The dose of @entity900 varied from 75 mg/m2 to 100 mg/m2. Previous therapy included surgery in 11 @entity1 , radiotherapy in two @entity1 , and surgery plus radiotherapy in four @entity1 . One @entity1 had no prior therapy. Seven @entity1 had also received prior chemotherapy with @entity632 . Of 12 @entity1 with measurable disease, one (8%) had a complete response and four (33%) had a partial response for an overall response rate of 42%. The median progression-free survival of @entity1 treated with @entity900 as first- and second-line therapy was 4.5 and 5.5 months, respectively. @entity900 demonstrated moderate activity with mild @entity137 in this group of @entity1 with metastatic mixed mesodermal uterine @entity242 . Further studies including @entity900 -containing combination regimens seem to be warranted.

title: @entity900 therapy for disseminated mixed XXXX .

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['mesodermal sarcoma of the uterus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity420 ( @entity420 ) includes: pancreatic, duodenal and @entity420 ; and @entity201 . Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is required for cure of @entity420 . Previous studies demonstrated the likelihood of cure increases when a microscopically negative (R0) margin is achieved. Clearance of the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) margin has been identified as the most critical margin in PD. Some authors have emphasized the importance of certain techniques to clear the @entity6029 margin. Neither the degree to which these techniques have been incorporated nor their impact on margin status and survival has been described. We hypothesized that use of techniques focusing on clearing the @entity6029 margin would result in higher R0 resection rates and improved survival after PD in @entity1 with @entity420 . METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on @entity1 from 1/1/1985 until 7/31/2007. Data on @entity1 demographics, clinical presentation, preoperative treatment, operative technique, margins, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Ninety-three @entity1 were identified for inclusion in the study. Three approximately equal groups were created for analysis. RESULTS: The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for the entire cohort was 19 months and was not different among the groups studied. Margins were microscopically negative in 81% of cases. The percentage of node-positive cases increased during the time period, as did the number of lymph nodes (LNs) examined (P=0.017). The use of pylorus-preserving PD decreased (P=0.001) while resection of the superior mesenteric/portal vein (SMV/PV) increased during the study period. We observed an increase in descriptions of the clearance of the anterior aspect of the aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC), dissection to the right side of the @entity6029 , dissection to the origin of the @entity6029 and intra-operative identification of the @entity6029 margin. Dissecting to the @entity6029 did not change the likelihood of achieving an R0 margin. @entity1349 was improved after R0 resections (R0: 21 months vs. R1/2: 10 months) but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.099). There was no association between margin status and @entity1349 . Changes in the pathology reporting of margins were observed, with statistically significant increases in the percentage of cases in which the @entity6029 , common bile duct and pancreatic neck margins were separately reported. However, the @entity6029 margin was separately reported in only 26% of pathology reports. CONCLUSIONS: The operative techniques used in PD at this institution have changed over time. The increasing frequency of dissection to the @entity6029 and identification of the @entity6029 margin by both surgeon and pathologist suggest an increased attention to the @entity6029 margin. This shift did not result in significant improvements in survival or margin status, but it is consistent with the recognition of the importance of the @entity6029 margin. Our analysis has also identified areas of potential improvement in the ways in which operative and pathology reports for PD are generated.

title: Management of periampullary XXXX by pancreaticoduodenectomy at a regional teaching hospital.

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ampullary adenocarcinoma', 'Periampullary adenocarcinoma', 'PA']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Between 1973 and 1980 a solution of @entity3971 in @entity653 into the cisterna magna was injected in 38 @entity1 suffering from advanced intractable @entity158 due to @entity5 of faciocephalic area. Owing to the poor neurological and general condition of our @entity1 , surgical procedures were discarded. @entity1 's age ranged from 36 to 76 years and @entity158 diffusion involved many @entity129 . Follow-up studies after @entity3971 injections were carried out in 22 @entity1 : mean survival time proved to be 137 days. In 76% of cases, before neurolytic treatment, narcotics had been administered. In this series @entity158 relief seemed to be poor in 50%, good in 34% while it was unclassifiable in the remaining 16% of the cases due to an incomplete follow-up. These last @entity1 were likely to show favorable results. Complications arising immediately after @entity3971 injections are described. Long lasting disabling @entity51 were recorded in 18% of cases. Less severe complications were shown in 71% of the @entity1 . The most frequent ones were @entity73 of the trigeminal area and reversible paresis of the 7th cranial nerve. Despite the poor general conditions, no fatal outcome was seen in our @entity1 . No significant relationship between @entity158 was found. The pathophysiological mechanisms of @entity158 suppression, induced by @entity3971 injection in the faciocephalic area are discussed. The value of this simple technique is briefly assessed in comparison to other analgesic procedures.

title: XXXX injection into cisterna magna for relief of advanced intractable @entity5 in the faciocephalic area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial and cervical nerves']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of sensory functions']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerin']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain relief and sensory deficit', 'pain']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['Phenol']


abstract: Between 1973 and 1980 a solution of @entity3971 in @entity653 into the cisterna magna was injected in 38 @entity1 suffering from advanced intractable @entity158 due to @entity5 of faciocephalic area. Owing to the poor neurological and general condition of our @entity1 , surgical procedures were discarded. @entity1 's age ranged from 36 to 76 years and @entity158 diffusion involved many @entity129 . Follow-up studies after @entity3971 injections were carried out in 22 @entity1 : mean survival time proved to be 137 days. In 76% of cases, before neurolytic treatment, narcotics had been administered. In this series @entity158 relief seemed to be poor in 50%, good in 34% while it was unclassifiable in the remaining 16% of the cases due to an incomplete follow-up. These last @entity1 were likely to show favorable results. Complications arising immediately after @entity3971 injections are described. Long lasting disabling @entity51 were recorded in 18% of cases. Less severe complications were shown in 71% of the @entity1 . The most frequent ones were @entity73 of the trigeminal area and reversible paresis of the 7th cranial nerve. Despite the poor general conditions, no fatal outcome was seen in our @entity1 . No significant relationship between @entity158 was found. The pathophysiological mechanisms of @entity158 suppression, induced by @entity3971 injection in the faciocephalic area are discussed. The value of this simple technique is briefly assessed in comparison to other analgesic procedures.

title: @entity3971 injection into cisterna magna for relief of advanced intractable XXXX in the faciocephalic area.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: Purpose: @entity1 with @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ) appear to demonstrate deficits in attention and its control. Selective attention involves the cognitive control of attention directed toward a relevant stimulus and simultaneous inhibition of attention toward irrelevant stimuli. The current study examined attention control during a cross-modal word recognition task. Method: Twenty @entity1 with @entity10870 (ages 9-12 years) and 20 age-matched peers with @entity10791 ( @entity10791 ) listened to words through headphones and were instructed to attend to the words in 1 ear while ignoring the words in the other ear. They were simultaneously presented with pictures and asked to make a lexical decision about whether the pictures and auditory words were the same or different. Accuracy and reaction time were measured in 5 conditions, in which the stimulus in the unattended channel was manipulated. Results: The groups performed with similar accuracy. Compared with their peers with @entity10791 , @entity1 with @entity10870 had slower reaction times overall and different within-group patterns of performance by condition. Conclusions: @entity1 with @entity10791 showed efficient inhibitory control in conditions that required active suppression of competing stimuli. @entity1 with @entity10870 had difficulty exerting control over their auditory attention in all conditions, with particular difficulty inhibiting distractors of all types.

title: Control of Auditory Attention in XXXX With Specific Language Impairment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['typical language development', 'TLD']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['specific language impairment', 'SLI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcome of @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ) with the cable @entity7894 system (CPS) for transverse @entity174 . DESIGN: Randomized prospective study. SETTING: Academic Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 / @entity1 : From February 2008 to December 2011, 73 consecutive @entity1 with transverse @entity174 were prospectively enrolled in this study. INTERVENTION: The @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups: one group was treated using the CPS, and the other group was treated using the modified @entity2701 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The clinical outcome assessment included analyses of the radiographic images, the modified Hospital for Special Surgery scoring system, and complications. RESULTS: The follow-up time ranged from 12 to 29 months. All @entity174 healed, with a union rate of 100%. The @entity174 healing time was significantly shorter in the CPS group (8.51    2.59 weeks, n = 34) compared with the @entity2701 group (11.79    3.04 weeks, n = 39). @entity260 in the CPS and @entity2701 groups were observed in 1 and 9 @entity1 , respectively, a difference that was statistically significant. The mean Hospital for Special Surgery score for the CPS group (90.53    5.19 points) was significantly higher than that for the @entity2701 group (81.36    12.71 points). CONCLUSIONS: The CPS is a viable option for transverse @entity174 and is associated with a shorter healing time, fewer complications, and better function than @entity2701 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Comparison of Tension-Band Wiring With the Cable XXXX System in Patella @entity174 : A Randomized Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'fractures of the patella']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['TBW', 'tension-band wiring']

answer: @entity7894 :: (8655,Gene) :: ['Pin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcome of @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ) with the cable @entity7894 system (CPS) for transverse @entity174 . DESIGN: Randomized prospective study. SETTING: Academic Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 / @entity1 : From February 2008 to December 2011, 73 consecutive @entity1 with transverse @entity174 were prospectively enrolled in this study. INTERVENTION: The @entity1 were randomly divided into 2 groups: one group was treated using the CPS, and the other group was treated using the modified @entity2701 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The clinical outcome assessment included analyses of the radiographic images, the modified Hospital for Special Surgery scoring system, and complications. RESULTS: The follow-up time ranged from 12 to 29 months. All @entity174 healed, with a union rate of 100%. The @entity174 healing time was significantly shorter in the CPS group (8.51    2.59 weeks, n = 34) compared with the @entity2701 group (11.79    3.04 weeks, n = 39). @entity260 in the CPS and @entity2701 groups were observed in 1 and 9 @entity1 , respectively, a difference that was statistically significant. The mean Hospital for Special Surgery score for the CPS group (90.53    5.19 points) was significantly higher than that for the @entity2701 group (81.36    12.71 points). CONCLUSIONS: The CPS is a viable option for transverse @entity174 and is associated with a shorter healing time, fewer complications, and better function than @entity2701 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Comparison of Tension-Band Wiring With the Cable @entity7894 System in Patella XXXX : A Randomized Prospective Study.

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Evolutionary dietary shifts have major ecological consequences. One likely consequence is a change in nutrient limitation-some nutrients become more abundant in the diet, others become more scarce. Individuals' behavior should change accordingly to match this new limitation regime: they should seek out nutrients that are deficient in the new diet. We investigated the relationship between diet and responses to nutrients using adult Costa Rican butterflies with contrasting feeding habits, testing the hypothesis that animals will respond more positively to nutrients that are scarcer in their diets. Via literature searches and our own data, we showed that @entity1568 and @entity1372 are both at lower concentration in nectar than in fruit. We therefore assessed butterflies' acceptance of @entity1372 and four nitrogenous compounds that ranged in complexity from inorganic @entity1568 ( @entity5819 ) to protein (albumin). We captured wild butterflies, offered them aqueous solutions of each substance, and recorded whether they accepted (drank) or rejected each substance. Support for our hypothesis was mixed. Across the sexes, frugivores were four times more likely to accept @entity1522 (hydrolyzed casein) than nectivores, in opposition to expectation. In males, nectivores accepted @entity1372 almost three times more frequently than frugivores, supporting expectations. Together, these results suggest that in butterflies, becoming frugivorous is associated with an increased receptivity to @entity1522 and decreased receptivity to @entity1372 . Nectivory and frugivory are widespread feeding strategies in organisms as diverse as insects, birds, and bats; our results suggest that these feeding strategies may put different pressures on how animals fulfill their nutritional requirements.

title: Nutrient acquisition across a dietary shift: fruit feeding butterflies crave XXXX , nectivores seek salt.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5819 :: ('MESH:D000643', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium chloride']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: The aim of our study was to present our retrospective experience in the single-stage surgical reconstruction of 21 @entity6184 ( @entity6184 ) @entity1 during the last 17 years, considering the characteristics of the treated @entity850 , surgical procedures performed, and postoperative outcomes and complications. All demographic and clinical data were collected retrospectively. Chest and neck computed tomography (CT) scans were performed to assess the @entity850 , including length, location, and glottic involvement. The stenotic area was evaluated endoscopically according to an adapted Myer and @entity2708 grading scale. The aetiology of the ( @entity6184 ) was intubation related in 18 @entity1 and idiopathic in three @entity1 . The duration of intubation was 13.00  6.83 days (range, 1 hour to 27 days). According to the Myers- @entity2708 classification, mean stage of @entity850 for the study group was 3.33  0.66 (range, 2-4). Mean length of the @entity850 was 2.05  0.80 (range, 1-3.5) cm. The mean number of stenotic segment involved was 3.67  1.24 (range, 2-6). Mean follow-up for the study group, excluding two @entity1 who died in the postoperative period, was 57 (range, 12-326) months. Of the 19 @entity1 who survived, postoperative decannulation was achieved in 16 @entity1 (76.19%), and decannulation was not achieved in 3 @entity1 (14.29%) who are still on a T-tube. Of the 16 @entity1 who are decannulated successfully, additional procedures were applied in 9 @entity1 . Segmental resection with primary @entity254 is an effective method and can be used as the first option in selected @entity1 of ( @entity6184 ).

title: Tracheal Resection With Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['Anastomosis']


abstract: This study was conducted to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of 3% topical minoxidil in the treatment of extensive @entity1665 areata. @entity1 were assigned to one of two treatment regimens in a double-blind manner. One group applied 3% minoxidil to the scalp twice daily for 64 weeks; the other group applied placebo for the initial 12 weeks and then switched to 3% minoxidil for the remaining 52 weeks. Thirty male and female subjects, ages 7 to 63 years, with extensive @entity1665 areata affecting 25% to 100% of the scalp were enrolled, fifteen subjects to each treatment group. Twenty-four of the thirty subjects had greater than 75% scalp hair loss. At 12 weeks the group treated with 3% @entity5491 had slightly more hair growth than the placebo group, but the difference was not statistically significant. At 64 weeks, thirteen of twenty subjects (65%) who began with less than full scalp involvement (25% to 99% scalp hair loss) had terminal hair growth that was incomplete or cosmetically acceptable; of these, nine (45%) were cosmetically acceptable, a response that is significant in @entity1 with severe @entity1665 areata. No hair growth or only slight growth was seen in all nine @entity1 with 100% scalp hair loss at baseline. Thus the extent of hair loss at baseline was correlated with response at 64 weeks. Twenty-one of the @entity1 continued treatment for a second year. Of these, thirteen showed further growth, three had no further growth, and five who had cosmetically acceptable hair growth during the first year had some hair loss.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Topical minoxidil (3%) in extensive XXXX areata, including long-term efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5491 :: ('MESH:D008914', 'Chemical') :: ['minoxidil']

answer: @entity1665 :: (MESH:D000505,Disease) :: ['alopecia']


abstract: The transformation of serum proteins into Congo red-sensitive fibrillar material is requisite for the onset and progression of @entity66 . All the mechanisms which lead to the disease itself have not been elucidated, but our knowledge has increased significantly. It is apparent that in all types of amyloid fibrils, three common features are displayed by the major protein constituents. These are that the fibril protein has a serum precursor, a high degree of anti-parallel beta-sheet conformation and a distinctive ultrastructure on electron microscopy. In the AL and @entity5066 forms of @entity2783 , the putative precursors appear to undergo limited degradation to form the protein component of amyloid fibrils. It has been suggested that there may be certain primary structural characteristics inherent in precursor molecules which make them amyloidogenic, thus predisposing them to amyloid fibril formation. This would include certain subtypes of immunoglobulin light chains, possibly kappa I and lambda VI, in the @entity1582 and one of the polymorphic SAA species, @entity5167 , which has been identified as the predominating isotype found in @entity5066 amyloid fibrils. In @entity2783 , the mechanism of amyloid fibril formation appears to be simply a concentration phenomenon where elevated concentrations of @entity2262 are not handled normally and @entity527 is the result. Amyloidogenesis in the hereditary form of @entity1582 may involve other factors in addition to the presence of a variant precursor prealbumin as indicated by the delayed onset of the disease. It is evident that the elucidation of the mechanism(s) which governs the onset and progression of the amyloidoses will allow future regulation and treatment of these all too often complex disorders.

title: The pathogenesis and biochemistry of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid disease']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis', 'AH amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis', 'AL type of amyloidosis']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A computed tomographic study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change in abdominal morphology in surgically treated @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) and thoracolumbar @entity1513 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Severe thoracolumbar @entity1513 in @entity1 with @entity1691 exerts pressure on the abdominal cavity and subsequently causes @entity1320 . Several spinal osteotomy techniques have been widely used to correct @entity1691 -related thoracolumbar @entity1513 . To date, the changed abdominal morphology in @entity1 with @entity1691 undergoing surgical correction of thoracolumbar @entity1513 has not been addressed. METHODS: A total of 29 @entity1 with @entity1691 undergoing lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy for correction of thoracolumbar @entity1513 were retrospectively reviewed. Computed tomographic scans of the spine were used to measure the longitudinal, transverse, and anterior-posterior diameters of the abdominal cavity. Furthermore, the abdominal cavity was considered as an ellipsoid structure, thereby allowing calculation of its volume. Radiographical evaluations included @entity1513 ( @entity1513 ), @entity1513 , @entity1515 ( @entity1515 ), and angle of fusion levels (AFL). RESULTS: The longitudinal diameter of abdominal cavity significantly increased (P<0.01), whereas the transverse and anterior-posterior diameters of the abdominal cavity did not change, postoperatively (P>0.05). Significant changes in @entity1513 , @entity1515 , and AFL were observed (P<0.01). The abdominal cavity volume (ACV) increased by an average of 652mL. The change in ACV was significantly correlated with the changes in @entity1513 (r=0.453, P=0.014), @entity1515 (r=0.42, P=0.023), and AFL (r=0.388, P=0.037). CONCLUSION: The increased ACV after correction of thoracolumbar @entity1513 was quantitatively confirmed by this study. Thus, the improvement in digestive function after correction of thoracolumbar @entity1513 secondary to @entity1691 , which has been previously documented, may be because of an increase in ACV. Moreover, spine surgeons should be aware of the potential risk for the development of @entity532 caused by the lengthening of longitudinal diameter of the abdominal cavity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Change in Abdominal Morphology After Surgical Correction of Thoracolumbar Kyphosis Secondary to XXXX : A Computed Tomographic Study.

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['global kyphosis', 'GK', 'thoracic kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal complications']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['LL', 'lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal complications']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['Ankylosing Spondylitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: introduction: Some of the diseases that can appear in pregnancy (gestational @entity6 , @entity101 and @entity1468 ) are being associated with an increased risk of heart throughout @entity66 . This should be present in future assessments of the health of @entity1 . One of the most important biomarkers in @entity65 is the @entity412 level, and that undergoes a significant change during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: the objective of this review is to analyze the studies that have investigated @entity412 levels during pregnancy as a risk factor for @entity65 in the last weeks of pregnancy and childbirth. METHODS: a systematic search was made and 14 specific articles on the subject were selected following the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: in normal pregnancy decreased the level of lipids in the first weeks, followed by a gradual increase. Especially high from the 12th week of gestation. This increase in plasma levels of circulating lipids occurs linearly, reaching a peak a few days before delivery. This increase results because of the increased @entity172 levels and @entity2690 resistance. It has also been associated with prolactin levels. CONCLUSIONS: through this review, it has been able to demonstrate the relationship of elevated @entity1674 some pathologies or more frequent changes in risk pregnancies, in which a significantly higher elevation occurs compared to normal pregnancies. It is in this context that the biological modeling may be particularly important, facilitating the creation of models and percentile curves applicable to the population, and allow monitoring of changes in @entity1674 , which end up pointing situations passing be predictors of a potentially pathological situation. Thus, appropriate interventions would be carried rafter more briefly, and see so favored adequate primary prevention.

title: [ XXXX LEVELS AS A RISK FACTOR DURING PREGNANCY; BIOLOGICAL MODELING; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['life diseases']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['TRIGLYCERIDE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify clinical variables that may predict the need for adjuvant radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and radical surgery in locally advanced cervical @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective series of cervical @entity5 @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages @entity3847 -IIB treated with NACT followed by radical surgery was analyzed. Clinical predictors of persistence of intermediate- and/or high-risk factors at final pathological analysis were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate analysis and using a model based on artificial intelligence known as artificial neuronal network (ANN) analysis. RESULTS: Overall, 101 @entity1 were available for the analyses. Fifty-two (51 %) @entity1 were considered at high risk secondary to parametrial, resection margin and/or lymph node involvement. When disease was confined to the cervix, four (4 %) @entity1 were considered at intermediate risk. At univariate analysis, FIGO grade 3, stage IIB disease at diagnosis and the presence of enlarged nodes before NACT predicted the presence of intermediate- and/or high-risk factors at final pathological analysis. At multivariate analysis, only FIGO grade 3 and @entity5 diameter maintained statistical significance. The specificity of ANN models in evaluating predictive variables was slightly superior to conventional multivariable models. CONCLUSIONS: FIGO grade, stage, @entity5 diameter, and histology are associated with persistence of pathological intermediate- and/or high-risk factors after NACT and radical surgery. This information is useful in counseling @entity1 at the time of treatment planning with regard to the probability of being subjected to pelvic radiotherapy after completion of the initially planned treatment.

title: When Does Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Really Avoid Radiotherapy? Clinical Predictors of Adjuvant Radiotherapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine surgical outcomes related to @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) for staging of @entity43 and @entity5 with high risk of peritoneal spread and compare them to laparotomy and standard robotic-assisted surgery. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of @entity1 undergoing staging for uterine and @entity43 between January 2011 and July 2013 at a major metropolitan teaching hospital was reviewed. @entity1 undergoing @entity1104 were matched with @entity1 undergoing staging laparotomy [exploratory laparotomy (XLAP)] for the same indications and with @entity1 undergoing traditional @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) for staging of endometrioid @entity1204 . In @entity1104 , a longer incision is used to allow palpation of the peritoneal surfaces, to exteriorize the small bowel, to examine the mesentery, and to perform omentectomy. RESULTS: One hundred five @entity1 were analyzed (15 @entity1104 , 45 @entity1104 , 45 XLAP). Compared with XLAP, @entity1104 was associated with decreased @entity190 (200 vs 400 mL, P = 0.011) and shorter hospital stay (1 vs 4 days, P < 0.001). @entity1 who had undergone @entity1104 had fewer major complications, but those results did not reach statistical significance (0% vs 27%, P = 0.063). Hand-assisted @entity1104 was associated with higher @entity190 and length of stay as compared to robotic staging of endometrioid @entity1204 ( @entity1104 ). Minor wound complications were also more common (27% vs 2%, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Hand-assisted @entity1104 allows for thorough visual and tactile assessment of peritoneal surfaces. It represents a safe alternative to laparotomy for @entity43 with high risk of peritoneal spread. Long-term follow-up study is needed to determine oncologic adequacy of @entity1104 .

title: Hand-Assisted Robotic Surgery for Staging of XXXX With High Risk of Peritoneal Spread: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'staging of ovarian and uterine cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['uterine cancers']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['RS', 'HARS', 'hand-assisted robotic surgery', 'robotic surgery']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Cancer and Uterine Cancers']


abstract: Importance: Recognition of posterior scleral bowing with @entity3193 is essential to avoid an underestimation of @entity5 thickness. Objective: To describe a particular observation of posterior scleral bowing associated with @entity3193 on enhanced-depth imaging (EDI) optical coherence tomography (OCT). Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Retrospective observational case series at a referral center involving 17 eyes of 17 @entity1 . @entity1 were seen from June 2013 to July 2014, with all data collected and analyzed from June 2014 to July 2014. Interventions: Retrospective medical record review and multimodal imaging including fundus photography, autofluorescence, infrared reflectance, ultrasonography, and EDI-OCT. Main Outcomes and Measures: Clinical and imaging characteristics. Results: Analysis of 318 consecutive @entity1 with @entity3193 imaged over a 1-year period revealed that 17 cases (5%) demonstrated the EDI-OCT feature of posterior scleral bowing. Of these 17 cases, the mean @entity1 age was 58 years (median, 58 years; range, 36-75 years) and there were 6 @entity1 (35%) and 11 @entity1 (65%). The nevus was classified as pigmented (n   =   3; 18%), nonpigmented (n   =   2; 12%), and mixed @entity2118 (n   =   12; 71%), and with no surrounding halo (n   =   7; 41%). Associated features included overlying drusen (n   =   9; 53%), @entity5995 pigment epithelial alterations (n   =   9; 53%), subretinal fluid (n   =   5; 29%), and orange pigment (n   =   3; 18%). The nevus was clinically estimated to be of 4.91-mm basal dimension and measured ultrasonographically at 1.59-mm thickness. By EDI-OCT, the nevus mean thickness was 628   m (0.63 mm). All cases demonstrated posterior scleral bowing with mean scleral excavation of 398   m (median, 377   m; range, 134-739   m). Underlying the nevus, the scleral thickness was not measurable; however, at the nevus margin, the choroid and sclera appeared normal. Clinical features correlated with posterior scleral bowing included reduced distance to the optic disc (difference, 1.3 mm; 95% CI, -2.95 mm to 5.51 mm; P   =   .01) and the foveola (difference, 2.14 mm; 95% CI, 0.80 mm to 3.48 mm; P   <   .001), as well as the presence of surrounding halo (difference, 36%; 95% CI, 16.86% to 59.27%; P   <   .001). Conclusions and Relevance: @entity3193 can show focal posterior scleral bowing on EDI-OCT in 5% of cases. This finding was related to more posterior location of nevus, less/mixed @entity2118 , and surrounding halo. This finding could lead to underestimation of @entity5 thickness as the @entity5 bows backward rather than forward.

title: Posterior Scleral Bowing With XXXX on Enhanced-Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal nevus', 'Choroidal nevus']

answer: @entity3193 :: (MESH:D015862,Disease) :: ['Choroidal Nevus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the clinical significance of the Ki-67 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) for local control (LC) in @entity1 with World Health Organization (WHO) @entity1653 . We also tried to discern the effect of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on LC depending upon the Ki-67 @entity894 value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records and values of Ki-67 LIs were retrospectively reviewed for 50 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection of intracranial WHO grade II @entity1653 at Samsung Medical Center from May 2001 to December 2012. Forty-three @entity1 (86%) were treated with immediate PORT. The median total radiation dose was 60 Gy (range, 54 to 60 Gy). RESULTS: The median follow-up was 47.4 months. The mean Ki-67 @entity894 was 13% (range, 1% to 47%). Twelve @entity1 (24.0%) showed local failure, and 8 @entity1 (16.0%) experienced local failure even after PORT. The mean Ki-67 @entity894 was 15% in @entity1 with local failure (n=12) and 12% in @entity1 without local failure (n=38). The 3-year actuarial LC was 80.5%. The 3-year overall survival was 89.5%. Ki-67 @entity894 >13% and PORT were significant prognostic factors for LC (P=0.015 and 0.009, respectively). In @entity1 with Ki-67 @entity894 >13% (n=17), PORT (n=14) improved LC (P<0.001). However, PORT (n=29) did not affect LC (P=0.412) for @entity1 with Ki-67 @entity894 <=13% (n=33). CONCLUSIONS: Ki-67 @entity894 can be a useful prognostic factor for LC in @entity347 . In @entity1 with Ki-67 @entity894 >13%, PORT should be recommended to improve LC.

title: Prognostic Value of Ki-67 Labeling Index and Postoperative Radiotherapy in WHO XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['grade II meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['WHO grade II meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Grade II Meningioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hip arthroscopy is an increasingly common procedure, particularly for the treatment of @entity1743 . Various complications have been previously reported, and the authors sought to further evaluate the safety of this procedure. This study was conducted to identify the incidence of @entity2249 as well as treatment and outcomes after arthroscopic femoroplasty. In April 2013, a survey was administered to 28 established hip arthroscopists regarding the breadth of their experience, including the total number of hip arthroscopies and proximal femoroplasties performed and the number of postoperative @entity2249 . @entity174 type, @entity1 age, @entity1 sex, time to @entity174 , comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes were queried. The study identified 27,200 total arthroscopies and 14,945 proximal femoroplasties performed by the surgeons, with 11 postoperative proximal femur @entity174 . The incidence of proximal femur @entity174 after arthroscopic femoroplasty was 0.07%, based on combined data of high-volume hip arthroscopists at multiple medical centers. Mean time to @entity174 after arthroscopic femoroplasty was 40.5 (  26.6) days postoperatively. The male-to-female ratio was approximately 1:3 for those with @entity174 , and mean @entity1 age was 52 (  13) years. More than half of the @entity174 were caused by violation of weight-bearing precautions. All @entity1 had improvement in symptoms after treatment. @entity2249 after arthroscopic femoroplasty is a rare complication for established hip arthroscopists. It is most common in @entity1 and @entity1 older than 50 years. Treatment is based on the severity of the @entity174 , and @entity1 have improved outcomes after treatment. [Orthopedics. 2015; 38(8):e696-e700.].

title: XXXX After Arthroscopic Femoroplasty of the Hip.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoroacetabular impingement']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['Femoral Neck Fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of @entity291 genetic merit on enteric @entity577 ( @entity578 ) emission rate. The study used a data set from 32 respiration calorimeter studies undertaken at this Institute between 1992 and 2010, with all studies involving lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy @entity291 . @entity291 genetic merit was defined as either @entity894 ( @entity894 ) or profitable lifetime index (PLI), with these two United Kingdom genetic indexes expressing the expected improvement in profit associated with an individual @entity291 , compared with the population average. While @entity894 is based solely on milk production, PLI includes milk production and a number of other functional traits including health, fertility and longevity. The data set had a large range in @entity894 (n=736 records, -  30 to +  63) and PLI (n=548 records, -  131 to +  184), days in milk (18 to 354), energy corrected milk yield (16.0 to 45.6 kg/day) and @entity578 emission (138 to 598 g/day). The effect of @entity291 genetic merit ( @entity894 or PLI) was evaluated using ANOVA and linear mixed modelling techniques after removing the effects of a number of animal and diet factors. The ANOVA was undertaken by dividing each data set of @entity894 and PLI into three sub-groups ( @entity894 :  15, PLI:  67) with these being categorised as low, medium and high genetic merit. Within the @entity894 and PLI data sets there was no significant differences among the three sub-groups in terms of @entity578 emission per kg feed intake or per kg energy corrected milk yield, or @entity578 energy (CH4-E) output as a proportion of energy intake. Linear regression using the whole @entity894 and PLI data sets also demonstrated that there was no significant relationship between either @entity894 or PLI, and @entity578 emission per kg of feed intake or @entity578 -E output as a proportion of energy intake. These results indicate that @entity291 genetic merit ( @entity894 or PLI) has little effect on enteric @entity578 emissions as a proportion of feed intake. Instead enteric @entity578 production may mainly relate to total feed intake and dietary nutrient composition.

title: Is there a relationship between genetic merit and enteric XXXX emission rate of lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy @entity291 ?

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['profit index', 'PIN']

answer: @entity577 :: (MESH:D008697,Chemical) :: ['methane']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of @entity291 genetic merit on enteric @entity577 ( @entity578 ) emission rate. The study used a data set from 32 respiration calorimeter studies undertaken at this Institute between 1992 and 2010, with all studies involving lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy @entity291 . @entity291 genetic merit was defined as either @entity894 ( @entity894 ) or profitable lifetime index (PLI), with these two United Kingdom genetic indexes expressing the expected improvement in profit associated with an individual @entity291 , compared with the population average. While @entity894 is based solely on milk production, PLI includes milk production and a number of other functional traits including health, fertility and longevity. The data set had a large range in @entity894 (n=736 records, -  30 to +  63) and PLI (n=548 records, -  131 to +  184), days in milk (18 to 354), energy corrected milk yield (16.0 to 45.6 kg/day) and @entity578 emission (138 to 598 g/day). The effect of @entity291 genetic merit ( @entity894 or PLI) was evaluated using ANOVA and linear mixed modelling techniques after removing the effects of a number of animal and diet factors. The ANOVA was undertaken by dividing each data set of @entity894 and PLI into three sub-groups ( @entity894 :  15, PLI:  67) with these being categorised as low, medium and high genetic merit. Within the @entity894 and PLI data sets there was no significant differences among the three sub-groups in terms of @entity578 emission per kg feed intake or per kg energy corrected milk yield, or @entity578 energy (CH4-E) output as a proportion of energy intake. Linear regression using the whole @entity894 and PLI data sets also demonstrated that there was no significant relationship between either @entity894 or PLI, and @entity578 emission per kg of feed intake or @entity578 -E output as a proportion of energy intake. These results indicate that @entity291 genetic merit ( @entity894 or PLI) has little effect on enteric @entity578 emissions as a proportion of feed intake. Instead enteric @entity578 production may mainly relate to total feed intake and dietary nutrient composition.

title: Is there a relationship between genetic merit and enteric @entity577 emission rate of lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy XXXX ?

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: Introduction @entity282 after breast surgery is one of the major factors contributing to delay in mobilisation and prolonged hospital stay. A retrospective analysis was performed of @entity1 undergoing skin sparing mastectomy and insertion of a subpectoral implant. The aim was to determine whether the use of an elastomeric local anaesthetic pump improved @entity158 control and length of stay. Methods Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 undergoing the above procedure were sited with an elastomeric local anaesthetic infusion pump intraoperatively, in addition to standard regular and pro re nata analgesia. The control group comprised 25 @entity1 undergoing the same procedure in the same year who received standard analgesia alone. Visual analogue scale scores were recorded for the duration of inpatient stay, as was any further analgesic requirement. Results The median age was 51 years (range: 26-75 years) in the intervention group and 50 years (range: 28-70 years) in the control group. The mean visual analogue scale score was 0.28 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.61) at 24 hours for the intervention group and 1.84 (SD: 0.37) for the control group (p<0.0001). The mean length of stay was 1.8 days (SD: 0.71 days) for the intervention group and 2.28 days (SD: 0.94 days) for the control group (p=0.15). There were no complications involving catheter placement, leakage or @entity137 relating to use of the local anaesthetic. Conclusions There was significantly reduced @entity158 with the use of the local anaesthetic infusion pump. The elastomeric pump is a step towards enhanced @entity1 recovery after breast surgery in the case of skin sparing mastectomy and subpectoral tissue expander reconstruction.

title: Improving XXXX management in subpectoral tissue expander implant reconstruction of the breast using an elastomeric pump.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chemotherapeutic delivery by oral route in @entity5 @entity1 has the potential to create "hospitalization free chemotherapy" which is a vision of oncologists, formulation scientists and @entity1 . Such a therapeutic approach will improve @entity1 ' compliance, ease the burden of the @entity1 ' caregivers and significantly reduce the cost of treatment. In current clinical practice, chemotherapy carried out by intravenous injection or infusion leads to undesired side-effects such as plasma concentrations crossing the maximum safe concentration, rapid body clearance and lower bioavailability. Despite the presence of challenges such as poor aqueous solubility and stability of drugs and the presence of biological barriers like multidrug efflux transporter in the GI tract, @entity5 chemotherapy has the potential to surmount those obstacles. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) such as solid lipid nanoparticle, nanostructured lipid carriers, nano lipid-drug conjugates, mixed micelles, liposomes and nanoemulsions have shown some promising results for use in oral anticancer drug delivery through nanotechnological approach. LNPs demonstrate enhanced oral bioavailability owing to their ability to inhibit first pass metabolism via lymphatic absorption by chylomicron-linked and/or M-cell uptake. LNPs reduce the inter- and intrasubject pharmacokinetics variability of administrated drugs. Moreover, certain classes of phospholipids and surfactants used in the formulations of LNPs can suppress the P-glycoprotein efflux system. Here, we shall be discussing the biopharmaceutical challenges in @entity5 chemotherapy and how the LNPs may provide solutions to such challenges. The effect of GI tract environment on LNPs and pharmacokinetics shall also be discussed.

title: Solid Matrix Based Lipidic Nanoparticles in XXXX Chemotherapy: Applications and Pharmacokinetics.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Oral Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With increasing life expectancy, @entity174 (FFP) are becoming frequent. In elderly, @entity170 leads to a decrease of bone strength and resistance to the ligament's traction; this represents the most important difference between FFP and @entity174 in young @entity1 . Usually, these @entity174 are underestimated and treatment is often conservative. AIMS: To evaluate clinical and surgical outcomes of surgically treated @entity1 with FFP. METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 14 @entity1 , in our @entity130 Center, underwent surgery procedures for FFP between 2012 and 2014. All @entity1 attended clinical and radiological investigation at 1, 3, and 6  months postoperatively and every year after surgery with a mean follow-up of 22  months. RESULTS: At 6-month follow-up, 11 @entity1 resulted asymptomatic: able to maintain standing position and walk without crunches. Two @entity1 were able to walk with one crunch. The @entity1 with history of previous @entity174 walks with two crunches and is still waiting for total hip arthroplasty. DISCUSSION: The compromised health status and the diminished bone-healing capacity, in elderly, decrease chances for a good clinical outcome. In literature, many authors suggest that mortality rate in @entity1 with FFP is similar to those with @entity173 . Diagnosis of FFP is very important: these @entity174 are highly disabling in elderly and can lead to displacement and instability. For these reasons, correct diagnosis and well-conduct preoperative plan are necessary to improve stability of @entity174 and support bone healing. After diagnosis, an anti-osteoporotic treatment is indicated to improve bone quality and bone healing. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows encouraging results and demonstrates that minimally or less invasive osteosynthesis technique could lead to good outcome in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the pelvis: treatment and preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'acetabular fracture', 'fragility fractures of the pelvic ring']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fragility fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dyslipidaemia is highly associated with cardiovascular and @entity66 , which have been ranked second and third place of leading causes of death in Taiwan. Some plant extracts have been proved effective against dyslipidaemia. However, the combination of plant extracts was rarely studied. The purpose of the present study is to understand the beneficial effects of a combined extract (comprising @entity6353 , coffee, green tea and garcinia; CCGG) on lipid profiles in serum, liver, and faeces as well as glycaemic markers and related proinflammatory cytokines by using an appropriate animal model, the golden @entity329 . METHODS: A total of 40 male hamsters were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) vehicle control, (2) high- @entity165 diet control, (3) high- @entity165 diet of 311  mg/kg/d of CCGG, (4) high- @entity165 diet of 622  mg/kg/d of CCGG and (5) high- @entity165 diet of 1555  mg/kg/d of CCGG. At the end of the experiment, blood, tissue and faecal samples were collected for further analysis. RESULTS: After 6 weeks of treatment, CCGG supplementation significantly reduced serum lipid content ( @entity1674 , total @entity165 and LDL-C) and hepatic lipid content ( @entity1674 and @entity165 ) with dose-dependent effects. In addition, an @entity644 ( @entity3645 ) was observed after supplementation. Furthermore, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and serum proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-a and IL-6) involved in dyslipidaemia was markedly improved. In addition, by monitoring biochemical parameters as well as histopathology of major tissues, no @entity137 was observed after the consumption of CCGG. CONCLUSION: Dietary CCGG supplementation may exert potential effects on ameliorating hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance, @entity1560 and related @entity32 .

title: Effects of combined extract of XXXX , coffee, green tea and garcinia on lipid profiles, glycaemic markers and inflammatory responses in hamsters.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['increase in excretion of faecal lipids']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6353 :: (3641,Species) :: ['cocoa']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is one of the fastest growing disease sites of @entity135 . A recently described radiomic signature, based exclusively on pre-treatment computed tomography (CT) imaging of the primary @entity5 volume, was found to be prognostic in independent cohorts of lung and @entity135 @entity1 treated in the Netherlands. Here, we further validate this signature in a large and independent North American cohort of @entity957 @entity1 , also considering CT artifacts. METHODS: A total of 542 @entity957 @entity1 were included for which we determined the prognostic index (PI) of the radiomic signature. We tested the signature model fit in a Cox regression and assessed model discrimination with Harrell's c-index. Kaplan-Meier survival curves between high and low signature predictions were compared with a log-rank test. Validation was performed in the complete cohort (PMH1) and in the subset of @entity1 without (PMH2) and with (PMH3) visible CT artifacts within the delineated @entity5 region. RESULTS: We identified 267 (49%) @entity1 without and 275 (51%) with visible CT artifacts. The calibration slope (b) on the PI in a Cox proportional hazards model was 1.27 (H0: b = 1, p = 0.152) in the PMH1 (n = 542), 0.855 (H0: b = 1, p = 0.524) in the PMH2 (n = 267) and 1.99 (H0: b = 1, p = 0.002) in the PMH3 (n = 275) cohort. Harrell's c-index was 0.628 (p = 2.72e-9), 0.634 (p = 2.7e-6) and 0.647 (p = 5.35e-6) for the PMH1, PMH2 and PMH3 cohort, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were significantly different (p < 0.05) between high and low radiomic signature model predictions for all cohorts. CONCLUSION: Overall, the signature validated well using all CT images as-is, demonstrating a good model fit and preservation of discrimination. Even though CT artifacts were shown to be of influence, the signature had significant prognostic power regardless if @entity1 with CT artifacts were included.

title: External validation of a prognostic CT-based radiomic signature in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OPSCC', 'Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is emerging evidence regarding the efficacy of exercise training to improve exercise capacity for individuals with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard measure of exercise capacity; however this laboratory test has limitations for use in research and clinical practice. Alternative field walking tests are the six-minute walk test (6MWT), incremental-shuttle walk test (ISWT) and endurance-shuttle walk test (ESWT); however there is limited information about their clinimetric properties in @entity1149 . AIMS: In @entity1149 to determine the 1) criterion validity of the 6MWT, ISWT and ESWT against CPET; 2) construct validity of the 6MWT, ISWT and ESWT against measures of function, strength, respiratory function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL); and 3) clinical applicability of the tests. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (40  % male, mean        SD age 66.1        6.5  years) with stage I-IIIb @entity1149 completed the 6MWT, ISWT, ESWT and CPET within six months of treatment. Testing order was randomised. Additional measures included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance-Status (ECOG-PS, function), respiratory function, hand-grip dynamometry and HRQoL. Correlations and regression analyses were used to assess relationships. RESULTS: The ISWT demonstrated criterion validity with a moderate relationship between ISWT distance and CPET peak @entity26 consumption (r   =   0.61, p   =   0.007). Relationships between CPET and six minute walk distance (6MWD) (r   =   0.24, p   =   0.329) or ESWT time (r   =   0.02, p   =   0.942) were poor. Moderate construct validity existed for the 6MWD and respiratory function (forced vital capacity % predicted r   =   0.53, p   =   0.019; forced expiratory volume in the first second % predicted r   =   0.55, p   =   0.015). There were no relationships between the walking tests and measures of function, strength or HRQoL. The ESWT had a ceiling effect with 18  % reaching maximum time. No floor effects were seen in the tests. The mean        SD time required to perform the individual 6MWT, ISWT and ESWT was 12.8        2.5, 14.7        3.7 and 16.3        5.0  min respectively; in comparison to CPET which was 51.2        12.7  min. Only one assessor was required to perform all field walking tests and no adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The ISWT is a promising measure of functional exercise capacity in @entity2 . Findings need to be confirmed in a larger sample prior to translation into practice.

title: Which field walking test should be used to assess functional exercise capacity in XXXX ? an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been proposed as treatment for mitochondrial @entity17903 , a rare fatal @entity74 due to @entity1015 mutations that result in @entity1014 phosphorylase deficiency. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all known @entity1 suffering from mitochondrial @entity17903 who underwent allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation between 2005 and 2011. Twenty-four @entity1 , 11 males and 13 females, median age 25 years (range 10-41 years) treated with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation from related (n = 9) or unrelated donors (n = 15) in 15 institutions worldwide were analysed for outcome and its associated factors. Overall, 9 of 24 @entity1 (37.5%) were alive at last follow-up with a median follow-up of these surviving @entity1 of 1430 days. @entity204 were attributed to transplant in nine (including two after a second transplant due to graft failure), and to mitochondrial @entity17903 in six @entity1 . @entity1014 phosphorylase activity rose from undetectable to normal levels (median 697 nmol/h/mg protein, range 262-1285) in all survivors. Seven @entity1 (29%) who were engrafted and living more than 2 years after transplantation, showed improvement of body mass index, @entity344 , and @entity1897 . Univariate statistical analysis demonstrated that survival was associated with two defined pre-transplant characteristics: human leukocyte antigen match (10/10 versus <10/10) and disease characteristics ( @entity409 , history of @entity344 or both). Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation can restore @entity1014 phosphorylase enzyme function in @entity1 with mitochondrial @entity17903 and improve clinical manifestations of mitochondrial @entity17903 in the long term. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be considered for selected @entity1 with an optimal donor.

title: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for mitochondrial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal manifestations', 'gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction']

entities_list: @entity17903 :: ('MESH:D017237', 'Disease') :: ['neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disease']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine', 'Thymidine']

answer: @entity17903 :: (MESH:D017237,Disease) :: ['neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness and reliability of posterior sub-Tenon @entity2995 (PSTA) application in branch @entity2994 (BRVO)-related macular @entity4 . METHODS: @entity1 with confirmed BRVO-related macular @entity4 were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were injected with a single, therapeutic dose of 40   mg PSTA. Detailed ophthalmic examination was performed at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months after the treatment. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), cataractogenic change (CC) and macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis results were evaluated. The results were compared statistically. RESULTS: Forty-one eyes of 41 @entity1 with a mean age of 63.49        10.99 (55-86) years, 15 (36.6%) females, were included in the study. BCVA in LogMAR values at 1 and 3 months were significantly better than at baseline, while no significant difference from baseline was observed in sixth month values (p   <   0.001, p   <   0.001 and p   =   0.846, respectively). Central macular thickness values obtained using OCT were significantly lower at the first, third and sixth months compared to baseline (p   <   0.001 for all). IOP elevation was determined in only two eyes (4.8%) at the end of the study period, and no CC was detected in any case. CONCLUSION: PSTA application is an effective and safe option in BRVO-related macular @entity4 .

title: The effectiveness and reliability of posterior sub-Tenon XXXX injection in branch @entity2994 -related macular @entity4 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness and reliability of posterior sub-Tenon @entity2995 (PSTA) application in branch @entity2994 (BRVO)-related macular @entity4 . METHODS: @entity1 with confirmed BRVO-related macular @entity4 were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were injected with a single, therapeutic dose of 40   mg PSTA. Detailed ophthalmic examination was performed at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months after the treatment. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), cataractogenic change (CC) and macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis results were evaluated. The results were compared statistically. RESULTS: Forty-one eyes of 41 @entity1 with a mean age of 63.49        10.99 (55-86) years, 15 (36.6%) females, were included in the study. BCVA in LogMAR values at 1 and 3 months were significantly better than at baseline, while no significant difference from baseline was observed in sixth month values (p   <   0.001, p   <   0.001 and p   =   0.846, respectively). Central macular thickness values obtained using OCT were significantly lower at the first, third and sixth months compared to baseline (p   <   0.001 for all). IOP elevation was determined in only two eyes (4.8%) at the end of the study period, and no CC was detected in any case. CONCLUSION: PSTA application is an effective and safe option in BRVO-related macular @entity4 .

title: The effectiveness and reliability of posterior sub-Tenon @entity2995 injection in branch XXXX -related macular @entity4 .

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness and reliability of posterior sub-Tenon @entity2995 (PSTA) application in branch @entity2994 (BRVO)-related macular @entity4 . METHODS: @entity1 with confirmed BRVO-related macular @entity4 were enrolled in the study. @entity1 were injected with a single, therapeutic dose of 40   mg PSTA. Detailed ophthalmic examination was performed at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months after the treatment. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), cataractogenic change (CC) and macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis results were evaluated. The results were compared statistically. RESULTS: Forty-one eyes of 41 @entity1 with a mean age of 63.49        10.99 (55-86) years, 15 (36.6%) females, were included in the study. BCVA in LogMAR values at 1 and 3 months were significantly better than at baseline, while no significant difference from baseline was observed in sixth month values (p   <   0.001, p   <   0.001 and p   =   0.846, respectively). Central macular thickness values obtained using OCT were significantly lower at the first, third and sixth months compared to baseline (p   <   0.001 for all). IOP elevation was determined in only two eyes (4.8%) at the end of the study period, and no CC was detected in any case. CONCLUSION: PSTA application is an effective and safe option in BRVO-related macular @entity4 .

title: The effectiveness and reliability of posterior sub-Tenon @entity2995 injection in branch @entity2994 -related macular XXXX .

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: In recent years, @entity1136 IDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy has been widely accepted as a highly sensitive and fairly accurate test in the diagnosis of @entity2876 and evaluation of @entity4837 . Over a period of 4 years from 1982 to 1986, a total of 110 paediatric @entity1 had undergone @entity1136 IDA hepatobiliary scans in our department for @entity4837 . Their scans were reviewed to evaluate the role of this nuclear imaging technique in the diagnosis of @entity2876 . There were 43 true positive and 49 true negative scans. No false negative scan was encountered in our study. Hence the sensitivity was 100%. However, out of the 110 scans, there was misdiagnosis of @entity2876 in 18 cases. This gave a specificity of 73% with an accuracy of 84%. From this study we concluded that @entity1136 IDA imaging is a highly sensitive test in the screening of @entity2876 . However, its specificity is possibly limited by the short half life of the radioisotope @entity1136 in delayed 24 hr imaging and we feel that this could be improved by using slightly higher doses than what we are presently using.

title: Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the diagnosis of XXXX --a Singapore experience.

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['99mTechnetium', '99mtechnetium']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged neonatal jaundice', 'neonatal jaundice']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For @entity1 with diffuse large B cell lymphoma without the involvement of the CNS, the addition of rituximab to standard chemotherapy has significantly improved survival. In this single-center, retrospective analysis, a total of 81 @entity706 ( @entity706 ) @entity1 treated in our institution between 2000 and 2011 were included. Beside first-line chemotherapy with or without rituximab, we evaluated the impact of age ( <=/>60  years), autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT +/-), and other factors upon @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). In @entity1 treated with rituximab (n   =   27), 3-year @entity1349 was 77.8  % (95  % confidence interval (CI) 62-93  %). In contrast, in @entity1 treated without rituximab (n   =   52), 3-year @entity1349 was only 39.9  % (CI 27-53  %, Fig.  1). The difference in @entity1349 was significant in the univariate (p   =   0.002) as well as in the multivariate analysis (p   =   0.049, hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.248). @entity1  <=60  years of age (n   =   28) had a 3-year @entity1349 of 78.2  % (CI 63-94  %); in @entity1 >60  years (n   =   51), 3-year @entity1349 was 38.7  % (CI 25-52  %). @entity1 who received high-dose therapy and ASCT had a 3-year @entity1349 of 85.2  % (CI 72-99  %), and 65.1  % were alive up to the time of analysis (range 9-131  months). Without ASCT, median @entity1349 was only 16  months (CI 11-21) and 3-year @entity1349 was 35.2  % (CI 22-48  %). Age and ASCT were significantly associated with better @entity1349 in univariate (p   =   0.002 and p   <   0.001) as well in multivariate analysis (p   =   0.004, HR   =   0.023 and p   =   0.001, HR   =   0.014). Rituximab treatment, ASCT, and age are independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 in the first-line treatment of @entity706 .

title: The influence of rituximab, high-dose therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation, and age in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'primary CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['primary CNS lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For @entity1 with diffuse large B cell lymphoma without the involvement of the CNS, the addition of rituximab to standard chemotherapy has significantly improved survival. In this single-center, retrospective analysis, a total of 81 @entity706 ( @entity706 ) @entity1 treated in our institution between 2000 and 2011 were included. Beside first-line chemotherapy with or without rituximab, we evaluated the impact of age ( <=/>60  years), autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT +/-), and other factors upon @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). In @entity1 treated with rituximab (n   =   27), 3-year @entity1349 was 77.8  % (95  % confidence interval (CI) 62-93  %). In contrast, in @entity1 treated without rituximab (n   =   52), 3-year @entity1349 was only 39.9  % (CI 27-53  %, Fig.  1). The difference in @entity1349 was significant in the univariate (p   =   0.002) as well as in the multivariate analysis (p   =   0.049, hazard ratio (HR)   =   0.248). @entity1  <=60  years of age (n   =   28) had a 3-year @entity1349 of 78.2  % (CI 63-94  %); in @entity1 >60  years (n   =   51), 3-year @entity1349 was 38.7  % (CI 25-52  %). @entity1 who received high-dose therapy and ASCT had a 3-year @entity1349 of 85.2  % (CI 72-99  %), and 65.1  % were alive up to the time of analysis (range 9-131  months). Without ASCT, median @entity1349 was only 16  months (CI 11-21) and 3-year @entity1349 was 35.2  % (CI 22-48  %). Age and ASCT were significantly associated with better @entity1349 in univariate (p   =   0.002 and p   <   0.001) as well in multivariate analysis (p   =   0.004, HR   =   0.023 and p   =   0.001, HR   =   0.014). Rituximab treatment, ASCT, and age are independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 in the first-line treatment of @entity706 .

title: The influence of rituximab, high-dose therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation, and age in XXXX with @entity706 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of a weekly dose of @entity6963 (50  mg/week) in early @entity309 @entity1 with mild or moderate disease activity. METHODS: The @entity1 of early @entity309 (ERA) with mild or moderate disease activity were randomly selected for inclusion in this study and were assigned to either the treatment group ( @entity6963 50  mg/week, LEF50) or the control group ( @entity6963 10  mg/day, LEF10). All @entity1 were treated for 24  weeks. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) - erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and European League Against @entity627 (EULAR) response. A Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact-test and paired t-tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 244 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria and received at least one medicine dose were analyzed. At the baseline, the DAS28 (ESR) of the ERA @entity1 were 4.41      0.69 in LEF 50 group and 4.52      0.64 in LEF 10 group, respectively. At week 24, the DAS28 (ESR) in two groups ( 2.94      1.10 and 3.02      1.14 ) were significant decreased compare with the baseline, respectively (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in DAS28 (ESR) between the LEF50 and LEF10 groups at week 24. (P  >  0.05). At weeks 8, 12 and 24, the EULAR response (good responses  +  moderate responses) were 47.6%, 58.7% and 59.5%, in the LEF50 group and 43.2%, 49.1% and 53.4% in the LEF10 group, respectively. There was no significant different of EULAR response rates in the two groups at week 8, 12, and 24, respectively (P>0.05). There was no serious adverse events during the study. CONCLUSION: A weekly dose of 50  mg @entity6963 showed similar benefits to a daily dose of 10  mg @entity6963 for the treatment of mild-to-moderate early @entity309 .

title: Efficacy and safety of weekly @entity6963 for the treatment of early XXXX : a randomized, multi-center study.

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity6963 :: ('MESH:C045463', 'Chemical') :: ['leflunomide']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of a weekly dose of @entity6963 (50  mg/week) in early @entity309 @entity1 with mild or moderate disease activity. METHODS: The @entity1 of early @entity309 (ERA) with mild or moderate disease activity were randomly selected for inclusion in this study and were assigned to either the treatment group ( @entity6963 50  mg/week, LEF50) or the control group ( @entity6963 10  mg/day, LEF10). All @entity1 were treated for 24  weeks. Clinical efficacy was assessed using the disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) - erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and European League Against @entity627 (EULAR) response. A Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact-test and paired t-tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 244 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria and received at least one medicine dose were analyzed. At the baseline, the DAS28 (ESR) of the ERA @entity1 were 4.41      0.69 in LEF 50 group and 4.52      0.64 in LEF 10 group, respectively. At week 24, the DAS28 (ESR) in two groups ( 2.94      1.10 and 3.02      1.14 ) were significant decreased compare with the baseline, respectively (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in DAS28 (ESR) between the LEF50 and LEF10 groups at week 24. (P  >  0.05). At weeks 8, 12 and 24, the EULAR response (good responses  +  moderate responses) were 47.6%, 58.7% and 59.5%, in the LEF50 group and 43.2%, 49.1% and 53.4% in the LEF10 group, respectively. There was no significant different of EULAR response rates in the two groups at week 8, 12, and 24, respectively (P>0.05). There was no serious adverse events during the study. CONCLUSION: A weekly dose of 50  mg @entity6963 showed similar benefits to a daily dose of 10  mg @entity6963 for the treatment of mild-to-moderate early @entity309 .

title: Efficacy and safety of weekly XXXX for the treatment of early @entity309 : a randomized, multi-center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6963 :: (MESH:C045463,Chemical) :: ['leflunomide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 in @entity1 can result in @entity323 or @entity6126 or both. We investigated whether living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) results in improvement in male sexual function. METHODS: A total of 58 @entity1 with @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study. Erectile function was measured before and after LDLT using a five-item modified version of the International Index of Erectile Function scale (IIEF-5) and @entity6126 was evaluated before and after LDLT using the @entity342 Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire. Differences in mean values from the questionnaires before and after the operation were than evaluated to determine whether there is an association between LDLT and improvement in sexual function. RESULTS: We found that mean IIEF-5 scores significantly increased after LDLT (from 11.7        7.7 before LDLT to 14.7        7.5 after LDLT, p <0.01), indicating that the operation played a role in improving erectile function. In addition, the prevalence of @entity6126 among the @entity1 with @entity3851 decreased markedly after liver transplantation ( @entity6126 before LDLT, n   =   41 versus @entity6126 after LDLT, n   =   31, p   =   0.03). @entity1 with @entity6126 reported a higher prevalence of @entity323 after LDLT than @entity1 without @entity6126 (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: LDLT results in improvement in erectile function. In addition, improvement in erectile function is associated with self-reported absence of @entity6126 .

title: Erectile function in @entity1 with XXXX improves after living donor liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired liver function']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease', 'ESLD']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgen']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

answer: @entity3851 :: (MESH:D058625,Disease) :: ['end-stage liver disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 in @entity1 can result in @entity323 or @entity6126 or both. We investigated whether living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) results in improvement in male sexual function. METHODS: A total of 58 @entity1 with @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study. Erectile function was measured before and after LDLT using a five-item modified version of the International Index of Erectile Function scale (IIEF-5) and @entity6126 was evaluated before and after LDLT using the @entity342 Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire. Differences in mean values from the questionnaires before and after the operation were than evaluated to determine whether there is an association between LDLT and improvement in sexual function. RESULTS: We found that mean IIEF-5 scores significantly increased after LDLT (from 11.7        7.7 before LDLT to 14.7        7.5 after LDLT, p <0.01), indicating that the operation played a role in improving erectile function. In addition, the prevalence of @entity6126 among the @entity1 with @entity3851 decreased markedly after liver transplantation ( @entity6126 before LDLT, n   =   41 versus @entity6126 after LDLT, n   =   31, p   =   0.03). @entity1 with @entity6126 reported a higher prevalence of @entity323 after LDLT than @entity1 without @entity6126 (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: LDLT results in improvement in erectile function. In addition, improvement in erectile function is associated with self-reported absence of @entity6126 .

title: Erectile function in XXXX with @entity3851 improves after living donor liver transplantation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to define grayscale and color Doppler sonographic features of an ectopic intrathyroidal thymus and to differentiate it from other thyroid nodule etiologies. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed imaging findings from 30 @entity1 who had a diagnosis of an ectopic intrathyroidal thymus from November 2005 to January 2013. Nodular thyroid lesions that were enclosed by the @entity1374 and showed a typical echo pattern consistent with the thymus were accepted as the enclosed form of an @entity6732 . Eleven of these 30 @entity1 had an @entity6732 enclosed by the @entity1374 , and they were enrolled in the study. The recorded sonograms were reviewed according to side, location, size, shape, echo pattern, internal content, and vascularization. RESULTS: The enclosed forms of ectopic intrathyroidal thymuses were unilateral in all @entity1 and located in the mid portion (n = 10) or lower portion (n = 1). All lesions were well demarcated, and the most common shape was fusiform (n = 8). Nine lesions showed a typical hypoechoic echo pattern with internal linear and punctate echoes resembling a mediastinal thymus. On color Doppler imaging, 6 lesions showed hypovascularity compared to the @entity1374 , and 5 lesions showed internal vascularity. CONCLUSIONS: Unique sonographic features of the enclosed form of an ectopic intrathyroidal thymus, including a hypoechoic echo pattern with multiple linear and punctate echoes, a fusiform shape, a well-demarcated contour, and a mid- or low-lying location with hypovascularity or internal vascularity, can help radiologists differentiate it from other thyroid nodule etiologies.

title: Intrathyroidal Ectopic Thymus in XXXX : Retrospective Analysis of Grayscale and Doppler Sonographic Features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['intrathyroidal ectopic thymus']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid parenchyma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of etanercept (ETN) after 48   weeks in @entity1 with early active non-radiographic @entity1691 (nr-axSpA). METHODS: @entity1 meeting Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) classification criteria for axSpA, but not modified New York radiographic criteria, received double-blind ETN 50   mg/week or placebo (PBO) for 12   weeks, then open-label ETN (ETN/ETN or PBO/ETN). Clinical, health, productivity, MRI and safety outcomes were assessed and the 48-week data are presented here. RESULTS: 208/225 @entity1 (92%) entered the open-label phase at week 12 (ETN, n=102; PBO, n=106). The percentage of @entity1 achieving ASAS40 increased from 33% to 52% between weeks 12 and 48 for ETN/ETN and from 15% to 53% for PBO/ETN (within-group p value <0.001 for both). For ETN/ETN and PBO/ETN, the EuroQol 5 Dimensions utility score improved by 0.14 and 0.08, respectively, between baseline and week 12 and by 0.23 and 0.22 between baseline and week 48. Between weeks 12 and 48, @entity1691 Research Consortium of Canada sacroiliac joint (SIJ) scores decreased by -1.1 for ETN/ETN and by -3.0 for PBO/ETN, p<0.001 for both. @entity32 and C-reactive protein correlated with several clinical outcomes at weeks 12 and 48. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with early active nr-axSpA demonstrated improvement from week 12 in clinical, health, productivity and MRI outcomes that was sustained to 48   weeks. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01258738.

title: Clinical and MRI responses to etanercept in early non-radiographic XXXX : 48-week results from the EMBARK study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Decreases in MRI SIJ inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['axial spondyloarthritis', 'MRI Spondyloarthritis']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['axial spondyloarthritis']


abstract: Sclerosing @entity1373 occurs in various locations in the breast. In the nipple, the process produces a distinct clinicopathological entity referred to as @entity652 or @entity30559 ( @entity30559 ). @entity1897 have been termed radial scar and nonencapsulated sclerosing lesions. This report describes 12 @entity1 who presented with sclerosing @entity1373 in the subareolar portion of the breast. The term @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) is proposed for this condition. The average age of the @entity1 was 46 years (26-73 years). None of the lesions, which averaged 1.2 cm (0.6 to 2.0 cm), involved the nipple. All were beneath the nipple and/or areola or in the breast close to the areola. Three @entity1 had bloody nipple discharge but none had nipple erosion or other signs suggestive of @entity4261 . Five @entity1 were well 9 months to 3 years, 9 months (average, 2 years, 7 months) after excisional biopsy. Two other @entity1 had persistent @entity1373 reexcised 2 years, 6 months and 2 years, 10 months, respectively, after diagnosis. Both were well 1 year later. There is no follow up in two @entity1 treated by excision. Three @entity1 are well after treatment by mastectomy. In one of those @entity1 , @entity3821 was found arising in @entity1373 . The clinical presentation of @entity1373 differs sufficiently from other proliferative duct lesions to warrant considering it a distinct disease process. It does not appear to be associated with a particular proclivity to evolve into @entity189 and short-term follow-up suggests that excisional biopsy is probably adequate therapy.

title: Subareolar XXXX of the breast.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['SSDH', 'papillary duct hyperplasia', 'subareolar sclerosing duct hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral lesions']

entities_list: @entity30559 :: ('MESH:C537167', 'Disease') :: ['florid papillomatosis', 'FP']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['nipple adenoma']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['sclerosing duct hyperplasia']


abstract: Serum @entity6211 is an essential cofactor for the transport of free @entity1718 into the mitochondria. We determined the free and the total serum @entity6211 in 99 healthy blood donors and 58 @entity1 with different forms of @entity299 . Thirty @entity1 had dilated (DCM), 10 @entity1184 (HCM) and 8 alcoholic (ACM) @entity296 and 10 @entity1 had @entity712 of different etiology than @entity296 (CHF). Free and total serum @entity6211 were determined by an enzymatic-spectrophotometric assay according to Pearson. Mean values for free and total serum @entity6211 were as follows: 47 and 74 mumol/l in controls (C; blood donors), 74 (P less than 0.01 vs. C) and 83 mumol/l in DCM, 66 (P less than 0.01 vs. C) and 89 mumol/l in HCM, 85 (P less than 0.01 vs. C) and 104 mumol/l (P less than 0.05 vs. C) in ACM and 86 (P less than 0.01 vs. C) and 129 mumol/l (P less than 0.01 vs. C) in CHF. Ten @entity1 died during the mean observation time of 13 months, 8 @entity1 with DCM and 2 with CHF; 9 of these 10 @entity1 had initially a markedly increased serum @entity6211 . @entity1 with DCM were divided into two groups with normal (n = 15; 25-68 mumol/l) and increased (n = 15; greater than 68 mumol/l) free serum @entity6211 . @entity1 with increased serum @entity6211 showed a significantly higher mortality rate (47%) than @entity1 with normal serum @entity6211 . It is concluded that free and total serum @entity6211 are elevated in @entity1 with @entity712 , dilated and @entity1121 . The etiology of this @entity6211 metabolism disturbance is unclear but it is probably due to a secondary phenomenon in @entity1 with @entity712 or primary @entity1283 . An increased serum @entity6211 is a poor prognostic sign in @entity1 with @entity384 .

title: [Clinical significance of serum XXXX in the course and prognosis of @entity384 ].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart muscle disease']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity6211 :: (MESH:D002331,Chemical) :: ['carnitine']


abstract: Serum @entity6211 is an essential cofactor for the transport of free @entity1718 into the mitochondria. We determined the free and the total serum @entity6211 in 99 healthy blood donors and 58 @entity1 with different forms of @entity299 . Thirty @entity1 had dilated (DCM), 10 @entity1184 (HCM) and 8 alcoholic (ACM) @entity296 and 10 @entity1 had @entity712 of different etiology than @entity296 (CHF). Free and total serum @entity6211 were determined by an enzymatic-spectrophotometric assay according to Pearson. Mean values for free and total serum @entity6211 were as follows: 47 and 74 mumol/l in controls (C; blood donors), 74 (P less than 0.01 vs. C) and 83 mumol/l in DCM, 66 (P less than 0.01 vs. C) and 89 mumol/l in HCM, 85 (P less than 0.01 vs. C) and 104 mumol/l (P less than 0.05 vs. C) in ACM and 86 (P less than 0.01 vs. C) and 129 mumol/l (P less than 0.01 vs. C) in CHF. Ten @entity1 died during the mean observation time of 13 months, 8 @entity1 with DCM and 2 with CHF; 9 of these 10 @entity1 had initially a markedly increased serum @entity6211 . @entity1 with DCM were divided into two groups with normal (n = 15; 25-68 mumol/l) and increased (n = 15; greater than 68 mumol/l) free serum @entity6211 . @entity1 with increased serum @entity6211 showed a significantly higher mortality rate (47%) than @entity1 with normal serum @entity6211 . It is concluded that free and total serum @entity6211 are elevated in @entity1 with @entity712 , dilated and @entity1121 . The etiology of this @entity6211 metabolism disturbance is unclear but it is probably due to a secondary phenomenon in @entity1 with @entity712 or primary @entity1283 . An increased serum @entity6211 is a poor prognostic sign in @entity1 with @entity384 .

title: [Clinical significance of serum @entity6211 in the course and prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Colour flow mapping Doppler echocardiography is a new, noninvasive method for studying the direction and velocity of blood flow within the cardiac chambers. In order to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of this method in the evaluation of @entity337 , 44 @entity1 were examined consecutively. In 24 @entity1 , @entity337 was proven by angiography; in 20 @entity1 aortography revealed no regurgitation. Quantification of the severity of @entity337 was performed by grading the amount of colour of the regurgitant flow (grade I-IV) and comparing it with the angiographic data. In 43 out of 44 @entity1 diagnostic images could be obtained with colour flow mapping Doppler echocardiography. With this method @entity337 was detected in all cases (sensitivity 100%). The specificity was 97% (one false positive diagnosis). For quantification of the severity of regurgitation agreement with the angiographic findings was obtained in 18 out of 24 cases. In the remaining 6 @entity1 the difference was one grade. CONCLUSION: Colour flow mapping Doppler echocardiography is an important advance in the noninvasive preoperative diagnostics of @entity337 .

title: [Evaluation of XXXX using color Doppler echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic incompetence', 'aortic regurgitation', 'aortic valve incompetence', 'aortic insufficiency']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic valve insufficiency']