abstract: PURPOSE: Peritoneal @entity32 is an important feature in many @entity1 presenting with @entity698 . The contribution of peritoneal nerve fibres to @entity158 experienced after appendicectomy has received little attention. METHOD: In this prospective double blind randomized study a consecutive series of 60 @entity1 undergoing appendicectomy for suspected @entity698 were enrolled. A dose of 1.5 mg.kg-1 @entity1341 0.5% was used. Group one @entity1 received the entire dose of @entity1341 subcutaneously. Group two @entity1 received half the dose subcutaneously (s.c.) and half the dose to the peritoneum. @entity158 scores were assessed pre-operatively and at 30 min, 12 and 24 hr post-operatively using a visual analogue scale. Time to first @entity1337 and total @entity1337 requirements in the first 24 hr were recorded. RESULTS: The @entity1 receiving the s.c. combined with peritoneal @entity1341 had a lower @entity158 score 30 min post-operatively (32 +/- 2 vs 54 +/- 4; P < 0.0001), a longer time to first @entity1337 (248 +/- 20 vs 164 +/- 17 min; P = 0.002) as well as lower opioid (68 +/- 5 vs 100 +/- 7 mg; P = 0.0002) and non steroidal analgesic requirements (65 +/- 6 vs 96 +/- 6 mg; P = 0.007) in the first 24 hr post-operatively. CONCLUSION: A combination of s.c. and peritoneal infiltration with @entity1341 is superior to skin infiltration alone in the relief of @entity158 post appendicectomy.

title: @entity1337 following appendicectomy--the value of peritoneal XXXX .

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity1829 may lead to irreversible damage of optic nerve fibers. To preserve visual functions, a decompression of the optic nerve is recommended by means of a fenestration of the optic nerve sheath. In this study long-term results after optic nerve sheath fenestration in @entity1 with idiopathic @entity6437 cerebri are reported. @entity1 AND METHODS: 14 @entity1 were re-examined 15 to 145 months (mean 62 months) after a fenestration of the retrobulbar optic nerve sheath on 23 eyes by a transconjunctival approach. Surgery was done to treat progressive @entity227 or in severe obscurations. The @entity1 's symptoms, visual acuity, visual fields, and ophthalmoscopic findings of the optic nerve head and the central fundus were compared to the preoperative status. RESULTS: Re-examination revealed improvement or stabilisation of objective and subjective findings in 17 eyes, one of them was operated on the more involved contralateral side only. Six eyes showed a recurrence of the @entity1829 without a functional change for the worse after an interval of 7 to 121 months. Three eyes of two @entity1 ended up with @entity1952 and extensive @entity227 . Preoperatively, these eyes had shown @entity2708 wool spots in the optic nerve head and a rapid deterioration of vision. CONCLUSIONS: Fenestration of the retrobulbar optic nerve sheath can prevent further @entity227 in most @entity1 with @entity6437 cerebri, unless the eye has already become nearly blind. Postoperatively, ophthalmological controls are necessary at regular intervals because relapses after successful surgery can occur after months or years.

title: [Long-term outcome of optic nerve sheath fenestration in XXXX cerebri].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

answer: @entity6437 :: (MESH:D006104,Disease) :: ['pseudotumor']


abstract: @entity0 is the second most frequent @entity5 in African females. @entity0 in African females appear about a decade earlier and follow a more aggressive clinical course than those in developed countries. To elucidate this difference we investigated 63 biopsied benign lesions of the female breast for their potential to malignant progression. We also performed histologic typing and grading of 184 female @entity0 received at the Muhimbili University Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. @entity3923 and @entity1557 were the most frequent lesions. The majority of @entity1 with @entity3923 had no proliferative lesion and thus were not at a significantly increased risk of developing @entity0 . For @entity1557 , no indication for @entity1613 was found. The vast majority of @entity0 investigated were invasive. As a striking feature, the majority of those studied (66%) were of the non-special type (NST), displaying a more aggressive behaviour than the remaining @entity5 of the special type (ST). In the group of @entity5 , cribriform types constituted 41% of the cases which may be a special feature of the @entity189 in African females. Among the NST, the @entity5 were either of grade II or grade III, whereas in ST, 25% of the cases were of grade I. Since histology observed in this study is comparable to that seen in @entity1 from the Western society, late hospital presentation with advanced @entity5 stages may be a major reason for differences in clinical behaviour between African and Western females. A genetic factor, however, may be an important contributing factor.

title: XXXX of the female breast in a sub-Saharan African population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast carcinomas', 'breast carcinomas', 'Carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ST tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['fibrocystic disease', 'Fibrocystic disease']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Characterisation of benign lesions and carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection of recurrent transitional cell @entity150 (TCC) is important to permit early treatment, which produces maximal preservation of the bladder and maximum survival. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study attempted to determine the period of time over which urinary DNA image analysis combined with visual cytology is useful in the early detection of recurrent @entity1494 . The authors believe this study is unique in that it measured the effectiveness of this test (image analysis plus visual cytology combined) at varying times before clinical diagnosis of recurrence was made. The cohort was comprised of 175 urologic @entity1 from urologic practices across the U.S. Data, collected between January 1991 and February 1994, included cystoscopy, biopsy, DNA image analysis, and visual cytologic reports. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 in the cohort were found to have active TCC whereas 115 @entity1 had a history of, but no active, disease during the follow-up period. As expected, the sensitivity and specificity of DNA image analysis in combination with visual cytology, and DNA image analysis alone, were greatest when urinary samples were obtained close to the time of diagnosis. In general, the longer the interval from the combined tests to the time of diagnosis, the lower the sensitivity. The combined tests had predictive value up to 3 months prior to clinical diagnosis when any detectable cytologic abnormality was considered positive. At the optimal cutoff points as determined from receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivity increased when DNA image analysis was supplemented with visual cytology. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of DNA image analysis and visual cytology provides a better method for the early detection of recurrent TCC than DNA image analysis alone. This test potentially may be useful in providing information regarding @entity150 recurrence up to 3 months prior to clinical evidence of disease.

title: Image analysis combined with visual cytology in the early detection of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['TCC of the bladder']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired @entity1422 is a rare @entity548 resulting from impaired adhesive function of the platelet receptor @entity1427 /IIIa (alpha(IIb)beta3). Typically, this disorder develops during adulthood, with @entity1 manifesting fluctuating clinical and laboratory findings. To date, the underlying defect of most if not all cases of acquired @entity1422 results from an autoantibody or plasma protein inhibitor directed toward a demonstrably normal @entity1427 /IIIa glycoprotein. METHODS: In this report, a @entity1 with a history of treated @entity978 presented with a severe @entity548 characterized by mild @entity882 , a prolonged bleeding time, and defective @entity1423 . RESULTS: Examination of the @entity1 's platelet @entity1427 /IIIa by Western blot analysis revealed no abnormality. Mixing studies demonstrated a non-immunoglobulin G plasma inhibitory factor, whereas flow cytometry analysis revealed elevated platelet-associated immunoglobulin (Ig) M. After an emergency colectomy for severe @entity548 , the @entity1 's qualitative and quantitative platelet parameters significantly improved. Pathology of the resected colonic segment demonstrated atypical @entity706 . CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of acquired @entity1422 associated with a putative IgM autoantibody. Furthermore, this report verifies the association of acquired @entity1422 with @entity1071 . Although rare, awareness of this @entity548 as a possible sequelae of active or treated @entity706 should encourage clinical vigilance of these @entity1 .

title: Acquired @entity1422 associated with XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic diathesis', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid disorders', 'lymphoid hyperplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1422 :: ('MESH:D013915', 'Disease') :: ["Glanzmann's thrombasthenia", 'thrombasthenia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired @entity1422 is a rare @entity548 resulting from impaired adhesive function of the platelet receptor @entity1427 /IIIa (alpha(IIb)beta3). Typically, this disorder develops during adulthood, with @entity1 manifesting fluctuating clinical and laboratory findings. To date, the underlying defect of most if not all cases of acquired @entity1422 results from an autoantibody or plasma protein inhibitor directed toward a demonstrably normal @entity1427 /IIIa glycoprotein. METHODS: In this report, a @entity1 with a history of treated @entity978 presented with a severe @entity548 characterized by mild @entity882 , a prolonged bleeding time, and defective @entity1423 . RESULTS: Examination of the @entity1 's platelet @entity1427 /IIIa by Western blot analysis revealed no abnormality. Mixing studies demonstrated a non-immunoglobulin G plasma inhibitory factor, whereas flow cytometry analysis revealed elevated platelet-associated immunoglobulin (Ig) M. After an emergency colectomy for severe @entity548 , the @entity1 's qualitative and quantitative platelet parameters significantly improved. Pathology of the resected colonic segment demonstrated atypical @entity706 . CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of acquired @entity1422 associated with a putative IgM autoantibody. Furthermore, this report verifies the association of acquired @entity1422 with @entity1071 . Although rare, awareness of this @entity548 as a possible sequelae of active or treated @entity706 should encourage clinical vigilance of these @entity1 .

title: Acquired XXXX associated with @entity978 : a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity1422 :: (MESH:D013915,Disease) :: ['Glanzmann's thrombasthenia']


abstract: There have been only a few endoscopic studies with respect to @entity1778 and @entity706 , although there have been many autopsy studies of these lesions. The aim of this study was to clarify these lesions using endoscopy. Colonoscopy was performed on 11 of 341 @entity1 with @entity1778 and on 32 of 105 @entity1 with @entity706 for frequent @entity294 , anal @entity548 or abnormal findings on barium enema examination, between April 1984 and September 1994. In eight of the 11 @entity1 with @entity1778 on whom endoscopy was performed, nine lesions were found; aphthoid @entity1066 , small @entity5 due to @entity2617 were found in five, and @entity2513 was found in only one patient. Antibiotic-associated @entity548 or @entity8307 was found in one @entity1 each. In 10 of the 32 @entity1 with @entity706 , 11 lesions were found. The following were found in one @entity1 each: large @entity5 , a large @entity1066 , multiple small polypoid lesions, @entity1412 ; and @entity14 or @entity652 in six @entity1 . However, the autopsy findings in @entity1 with both diseases were mostly @entity8307 or @entity1066 due to @entity2348 . It is concluded that accurate endoscopic diagnosis of lower @entity1944 in @entity1 with @entity1778 or @entity706 is essential for staging and treatment of these diseases and for determining their prognosis. @entity75 in @entity1778 are aphthoid and small @entity1066 are due to @entity2617 or antibiotics; most lesions in @entity706 are @entity75 such as @entity5 , @entity652 or @entity75 as determined by endoscopy. This is in contrast to @entity8307 or @entity1066 due to @entity2348 which are detected at autopsy.

title: Endoscopic diagnosis of XXXX and @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic colitis', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ulcers or large tumours', 'lymphomatous tumours', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous ulcer', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lymphomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['fungal and/or bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous lesions', 'Most lesions', 'elevated lesions']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis', 'pseudomembrane formation']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['lower intestinal lesions of leukaemia', 'leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['lower intestinal lesions of leukaemia']


abstract: There have been only a few endoscopic studies with respect to @entity1778 and @entity706 , although there have been many autopsy studies of these lesions. The aim of this study was to clarify these lesions using endoscopy. Colonoscopy was performed on 11 of 341 @entity1 with @entity1778 and on 32 of 105 @entity1 with @entity706 for frequent @entity294 , anal @entity548 or abnormal findings on barium enema examination, between April 1984 and September 1994. In eight of the 11 @entity1 with @entity1778 on whom endoscopy was performed, nine lesions were found; aphthoid @entity1066 , small @entity5 due to @entity2617 were found in five, and @entity2513 was found in only one patient. Antibiotic-associated @entity548 or @entity8307 was found in one @entity1 each. In 10 of the 32 @entity1 with @entity706 , 11 lesions were found. The following were found in one @entity1 each: large @entity5 , a large @entity1066 , multiple small polypoid lesions, @entity1412 ; and @entity14 or @entity652 in six @entity1 . However, the autopsy findings in @entity1 with both diseases were mostly @entity8307 or @entity1066 due to @entity2348 . It is concluded that accurate endoscopic diagnosis of lower @entity1944 in @entity1 with @entity1778 or @entity706 is essential for staging and treatment of these diseases and for determining their prognosis. @entity75 in @entity1778 are aphthoid and small @entity1066 are due to @entity2617 or antibiotics; most lesions in @entity706 are @entity75 such as @entity5 , @entity652 or @entity75 as determined by endoscopy. This is in contrast to @entity8307 or @entity1066 due to @entity2348 which are detected at autopsy.

title: Endoscopic diagnosis of @entity1778 and XXXX .

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: The functional properties of the transport of @entity376 across the @entity1573 erythrocyte membrane were investigated. The animal population studied (male Leghorn @entity1573 , 6-14 weeks old) was found to consist of two groups presenting either low (LT, 19 individuals) or @entity1168 ( @entity1168 , 20 individuals). The rates of influx in the two groups, measured at a concentration of @entity9108 of 1 microm, differed by a factor of 34. The transport activities observed in LT and @entity1168 erythrocytes were compatible with the general features of system y+L, but showed some differences in specificity. The transporter in the LT group was found to bind @entity9108 , @entity4307 , @entity1853 and @entity9640 with high affinity, in the presence of @entity1372 , as described for system y+L in @entity1 erythrocytes. The activity present in @entity1168 erythrocytes exhibited a much lower affinity for @entity4307 , but was able to interact strongly with @entity9640 and @entity1853 . The specificity pattern of the @entity1168 transporter, has not been described in other cell types. In other respects, the properties of the two systems were similar. @entity1372 replacement with @entity972 , drastically reduced the affinity for @entity4307 , without affecting @entity376 transport. Both transporters function as tightly coupled exchangers, are inactivated by @entity52312 and resistant to @entity8816 . These findings explain previous results obtained in selective breeding experiments of @entity1573 with high and low @entity535 transport activity.

title: System y+L-like activities account for high and low XXXX transport phenotypes in @entity1573 erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity4307 :: ('CHEBI:15603', 'Chemical') :: ['l-leucine']

entities_list: @entity52312 :: ('CHEBI:33207', 'Chemical') :: ['p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity9640 :: ('CHEBI:18050', 'Chemical') :: ['l-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['l-methionine']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['high transport rates', 'HT']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino-acid']


abstract: The functional properties of the transport of @entity376 across the @entity1573 erythrocyte membrane were investigated. The animal population studied (male Leghorn @entity1573 , 6-14 weeks old) was found to consist of two groups presenting either low (LT, 19 individuals) or @entity1168 ( @entity1168 , 20 individuals). The rates of influx in the two groups, measured at a concentration of @entity9108 of 1 microm, differed by a factor of 34. The transport activities observed in LT and @entity1168 erythrocytes were compatible with the general features of system y+L, but showed some differences in specificity. The transporter in the LT group was found to bind @entity9108 , @entity4307 , @entity1853 and @entity9640 with high affinity, in the presence of @entity1372 , as described for system y+L in @entity1 erythrocytes. The activity present in @entity1168 erythrocytes exhibited a much lower affinity for @entity4307 , but was able to interact strongly with @entity9640 and @entity1853 . The specificity pattern of the @entity1168 transporter, has not been described in other cell types. In other respects, the properties of the two systems were similar. @entity1372 replacement with @entity972 , drastically reduced the affinity for @entity4307 , without affecting @entity376 transport. Both transporters function as tightly coupled exchangers, are inactivated by @entity52312 and resistant to @entity8816 . These findings explain previous results obtained in selective breeding experiments of @entity1573 with high and low @entity535 transport activity.

title: System y+L-like activities account for high and low @entity535 transport phenotypes in XXXX erythrocytes.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: Although the treatment of @entity2776 remains controversial, high viscosity and small volume are poor prognostic indicators for successful burr hole aspiration and cortical incision via craniotomy may be associated with @entity86 . The anterior transcallosal approach provides a direct and adequate pathway to the lateral ventricles, where the foramen of Monro serves as a natural entrance into the anterior third ventricle, especially when the foramen is dilated by a lesion. When the midsuperior portion of the IIIrd ventricle cannot be reached, the interforniceal or the subchoroidal exposures have been advocated. Stereotactic techniques contribute to a minimal invasive approach and reduce morbidity. Nine @entity1 harbouring anterior third @entity67 (seven colloids and two @entity976 ) underwent anterior transcallosal microsurgical excision assisted by an interactive infrared-based image guided system (EasyGuide, Neuro, Philips). There were 4 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ranging in age from 15 to 42 years (mean 28.5). Transcallosal transforaminal (5 cases) or interforniceal (4 cases) approaches allowed total excision in eight @entity1 and subtotal in one. Postoperative morbidity included a case of @entity1269 and a case of transient short-term memory disturbances; both resolved in the first months. Mortality was zero. Particular advantages of the method were accurate trajectory and position of callosotomy incision determination, visualisation and avoidance of superior saggital sinus, retraction of bridging veins and the often variable pericallosal arteries, spatial orientation within the ventricular system, and identification of the periventricular anatomical structures.

title: Interactive image-guided transcallosal microsurgery for anterior third XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2776 :: ('MESH:D056364', 'Disease') :: ['colloid cysts']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['transient hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cysts']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular cysts']


abstract: We compared the capacity of cultured @entity1 endothelial cells (EC) vs B lymphoblastoid cells ( @entity14638 ) from the same donor to stimulate allogeneic @entity405 + T cells to differentiate into CTL, assaying for @entity137 , T cell growth, @entity379 secretion, and perforin expression. The input cell number affected specificity and potency of the resulting CTL. At low input (<10(5) cells/ well), anti-EC CTL were rarely detected. At high input (>10(6) cells/well), anti-EC CTL developed that displayed unrestricted, low-titer killing and an unstable phenotype. At intermediate input (1.0-2.5 x 10(5) cells/well), classical class I MHC-restricted, @entity405 +, and perforin-positive anti-EC CTL developed with reproducible frequencies. However, under all conditions EC were less efficient stimulators than @entity14638 from the same donor. Anti-EC CTL did not kill @entity14638 , whereas anti- @entity14638 CTL killed @entity14638 and EC from the same donor with comparable efficiency. When @entity405 + T lymphocytes were grown in the presence of EC and @entity14638 together, the differentiation of anti- @entity14638 CTL was completely suppressed, while the anti-EC response was intact. The inhibition of the allogeneic anti- @entity14638 CTL response was independent of T cell-EC contact, and proliferation of @entity405 + T cells was inhibited by EC-conditioned medium. We conclude that EC are competent but less efficient activators of CTL differentiation than are @entity14638 and that EC actively regulate differentiation and/or expansion of allospecific CTL.

title: XXXX endothelial cells induce and regulate cytolytic T cell differentiation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['allorestricted cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The first recorded outbreak of @entity22073 in Kenya occurred from mid-1992 through March 1993 in the south Kerio Valley, Rift Valley Province. We conducted entomologic studies in February-March 1993 to identify the likely vectors and determine the potential for transmission in the surrounding rural and urban areas. Mosquitoes were collected by landing capture and processed for virus isolation. Container surveys were conducted around @entity1 habitation. Transmission was mainly in woodland of varying density, at altitudes of 1,300-1,800 m. The abundance of Aedes africanus in this biotope, and two isolations of virus from pools of this species, suggest that it was the principal vector in the main period of the outbreak. A third isolate was made from a pool of Ae. keniensis, a little-known species that was collected in the same biotope. Other known @entity22073 vectors that were collected in the arid parts of the valley may have been involved at an earlier stage of the epidemic. @entity3176 and @entity6599 were present in the outbreak area. Peridomestic mosquito species were absent but abundant at urban sites outside the outbreak area. The entomologic and epidemiologic evidence indicate that this was a sylvatic outbreak in which @entity1 cases were directly linked to the epizootic and were independent of other @entity1 cases. The region of the Kerio Valley is probably subject to recurrent wandering epizootics of @entity22073 , although previous episodes of scattered @entity1 infection have gone unrecorded. The risk that the disease could emerge as an urban problem in Kenya should not be ignored.

title: First recorded outbreak of XXXX in Kenya, 1992-1993. II. Entomologic investigations.

entities_list: @entity22073 :: ('MESH:D015004', 'Disease') :: ['yellow fever']

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['Vervet monkeys']

answer: @entity22073 :: (MESH:D015004,Disease) :: ['yellow fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the hypotheses that reduction of @entity2228 and blocking of the @entity1024 receptor channel complex would be beneficial for both @entity410 reduction and developmental progress in @entity1 with @entity13702 . METHODS: We administered @entity10555 (at doses of 500 to 750 mg/kg/day) and @entity14031 (at doses of 3.5 to 22.5 mg/kg/day) to four @entity1 with @entity13702 with follow-up of 3 months to 6 years. RESULTS: @entity10555 reduced to normal the @entity2228 concentration in plasma and substantially reduced but did not normalize the @entity2228 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. @entity14031 was a potent anticonvulsant in some but not all @entity1 . There was remarkable interpatient variability in @entity14031 metabolism. Three @entity1 are living (ages ranging from 4 to 6 years) and are moderately to severely developmentally delayed; two are free of @entity410 . The third @entity1 , with the slowest development, had intractable @entity410 for nearly a month before diagnosis, and although @entity410 -free for 30 months, now has @entity3173 . One @entity1 died of intractable @entity410 at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes suggest that @entity10555 and @entity14031 are not uniformly effective in @entity13702 , but for some @entity1 they improve arousal, decrease or eliminate @entity410 , and allow for some developmental progress. Trials with additional @entity1 and other receptor channel blockers are warranted.

title: Long-term use of high-dose @entity10555 and XXXX for the treatment of @entity13702 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['Dextromethorphan', 'dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['grand-mal seizures']

entities_list: @entity13702 :: ('MESH:D020158', 'Disease') :: ['nonketotic hyperglycinemia']

entities_list: @entity10555 :: ('MESH:D001565', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoate', 'Benzoate']

answer: @entity14031 :: (MESH:D003915,Chemical) :: ['dextromethorphan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the hypotheses that reduction of @entity2228 and blocking of the @entity1024 receptor channel complex would be beneficial for both @entity410 reduction and developmental progress in @entity1 with @entity13702 . METHODS: We administered @entity10555 (at doses of 500 to 750 mg/kg/day) and @entity14031 (at doses of 3.5 to 22.5 mg/kg/day) to four @entity1 with @entity13702 with follow-up of 3 months to 6 years. RESULTS: @entity10555 reduced to normal the @entity2228 concentration in plasma and substantially reduced but did not normalize the @entity2228 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. @entity14031 was a potent anticonvulsant in some but not all @entity1 . There was remarkable interpatient variability in @entity14031 metabolism. Three @entity1 are living (ages ranging from 4 to 6 years) and are moderately to severely developmentally delayed; two are free of @entity410 . The third @entity1 , with the slowest development, had intractable @entity410 for nearly a month before diagnosis, and although @entity410 -free for 30 months, now has @entity3173 . One @entity1 died of intractable @entity410 at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes suggest that @entity10555 and @entity14031 are not uniformly effective in @entity13702 , but for some @entity1 they improve arousal, decrease or eliminate @entity410 , and allow for some developmental progress. Trials with additional @entity1 and other receptor channel blockers are warranted.

title: Long-term use of high-dose @entity10555 and @entity14031 for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity13702 :: (MESH:D020158,Disease) :: ['nonketotic hyperglycinemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the hypotheses that reduction of @entity2228 and blocking of the @entity1024 receptor channel complex would be beneficial for both @entity410 reduction and developmental progress in @entity1 with @entity13702 . METHODS: We administered @entity10555 (at doses of 500 to 750 mg/kg/day) and @entity14031 (at doses of 3.5 to 22.5 mg/kg/day) to four @entity1 with @entity13702 with follow-up of 3 months to 6 years. RESULTS: @entity10555 reduced to normal the @entity2228 concentration in plasma and substantially reduced but did not normalize the @entity2228 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. @entity14031 was a potent anticonvulsant in some but not all @entity1 . There was remarkable interpatient variability in @entity14031 metabolism. Three @entity1 are living (ages ranging from 4 to 6 years) and are moderately to severely developmentally delayed; two are free of @entity410 . The third @entity1 , with the slowest development, had intractable @entity410 for nearly a month before diagnosis, and although @entity410 -free for 30 months, now has @entity3173 . One @entity1 died of intractable @entity410 at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes suggest that @entity10555 and @entity14031 are not uniformly effective in @entity13702 , but for some @entity1 they improve arousal, decrease or eliminate @entity410 , and allow for some developmental progress. Trials with additional @entity1 and other receptor channel blockers are warranted.

title: Long-term use of high-dose XXXX and @entity14031 for the treatment of @entity13702 .

answer: @entity10555 :: (MESH:D001565,Chemical) :: ['benzoate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Only 60 percent of @entity1 who experience @entity4697 attacks seek treatment for them, many at the emergency department. The author documented care-seeking behaviors among @entity1 living in the community who had experienced @entity4697 attacks and studied determinants of care seeking. METHODS: In-depth structured interviews were conducted with 97 randomly selected community-dwelling adults who met DSM-III-R criteria for @entity4697 attacks. @entity1 were asked whether they had contemplated using or had actually used medical, alternative, and family sources of care when they had experienced their worst attack. RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity1 (79 percent) had considered using a general medical or mental health site when they experienced their worst attack. Of these, 50 (52 percent) had actually used such a site. General medical sites were contemplated more often (72 percent of @entity1 ) than mental health sites (27 percent), particularly emergency departments (43 percent) and family physicians' offices (34 percent). Other sources, such as friends or family members, alternative sites, and self-treatment, were contemplated less often. Once contemplated, certain sources were readily used, such as ambulances, family members, and self-treatment. Several factors were significantly associated with whether a @entity1 contemplated seeking care: access or barriers to treatment, perception of symptoms and of the reasons for the @entity4697 attack, and family-related variables. CONCLUSIONS: Contemplation and use of a mental health site after a @entity4697 attack was rare among the @entity1 in this study. Further study of determinants of care seeking may help explain why @entity1 who experience @entity4697 attacks fail to seek treatment or seek treatment from non-mental health sources.

title: Factors influencing care seeking for a self-defined worst XXXX attack.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'person', 'persons']

answer: @entity4697 :: (MESH:D016584,Disease) :: ['panic']


abstract: The effect of dietary @entity535 regimen and genetic capacity for lean tissue growth on the lactational performance of sows was determined in primiparous sows with a high (350 to 390 g/d) or low (240 to 280 g/d) genetic capacity for lean tissue growth from 18 to 110 kg of body weight. During lactation, sows were offered daily 6.5 kg of one of four fortified @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal diets containing .58, .77, .96, and 1.15% @entity376 (L). Litters were standardized to 14 @entity1707 within 8 h after birth. On d 2 of lactation, the high lean growth (LG) sows possessed more proteinaceous tissues and protein and less fat tissue and lipid. During lactation (d 2 to 28 postpartum), high LG sows consumed more feed, mobilized more body protein, and lost less body lipid. Milk, milk energy, and milk @entity376 yields (pooled across dietary regimens) were similar between genotypes. As daily dietary @entity376 intakes increased from 27 to 62 g and total digestible @entity376 supplies (from diet and mobilized tissues) increased from 39 to 68 g, daily yields of milk, milk energy, and milk @entity376 increased, but the magnitude of the response differed (P < .05) between genotypes, evidently because of differences in the ability of the high and low LG sows to mobilize energy from body tissue. Based on these data, the lactational capacities of high and low LG sows nursing 12 to 14 @entity1707 are similar when similar supplies of @entity376 and energy are available from dietary intake and mobilized body tissue stores. When supplies of ME do not limit milk synthesis, daily digestible @entity376 intakes of at least 54 g (> or = 66 g from a @entity4336 -soy diet) are needed by these sows nursing litters of 12 to 14 @entity1707 to support milk synthesis and minimize maternal protein losses. This is equivalent to a total digestible @entity376 need of 4.3 to 4.6 g/kg of milk produced. When ME provided by the diet is less than that needed to fuel maximum milk synthesis, however, the dietary @entity535 needs of genetically lean sows may be reduced because of their inability to mobilize sufficient body fat stores.

title: Effect of lean growth genotype and dietary XXXX regimen on the lactational performance of sows.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: This report retrospectively reviews the presentation, management and outcome in 14 @entity1 with @entity1518 . There were 7 males and 7 females, with a median age of 4 months (range 5 days-22 years). Most neonates and @entity1 presented with persistent or recurrent @entity391 while older @entity1 had recurrent @entity490 . Five @entity1 (36%) including 2, < 1 year and 3 older @entity1 developed midgut @entity3313 . Malrotation was an incidental finding at laparotomy for unrelated conditions in 2 @entity1 (14%). Overall, preoperative diagnosis was not made in any @entity1 . Associated @entity154 were present in 3 (21%) @entity1 . Treatment was by Ladd's procedure in 12 (86%) @entity1 and caecopexy in 2 (14%) without recurrence of symptoms in any. One @entity1 each developed @entity2737 and adhesive @entity1321 requiring relaparotomy respectively. Mortality was 2 (14%) from @entity281 and hypokalaemia following midgut @entity3313 . @entity1 presenting with recurrent or persistent @entity490 , @entity391 or failure to thrive may well have @entity1518 and should be investigated promptly and the condition corrected to avoid midgut @entity3313 which is attended by significant morbidity and mortality.

title: XXXX : experience in Zaria, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['overwhelming infection']

entities_list: @entity1518 :: ('MESH:C562835', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal malrotation', 'malrotation']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1518 :: (MESH:C562835,Disease) :: ['Intestinal malrotation']


abstract: PURPOSE: We performed 123I-MIBG (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy twice in @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) to investigate whether MIBG distribution was improved by pertinent clinical control. To determine the influential factors for MIBG distribution, we investigated the association between various clinical parameters and the serial change in MIBG uptake parameters. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty @entity2175 @entity1 with no @entity299 were evaluated. Planar images were taken at 30 minutes (early) and 3 hours (delayed) after MIBG injection. The heart-to-upper-mediastinum uptake ratio (H/M) and washout ratio (WR) were calculated as parameters for estimating cardiac sympathetic function. @entity1 were divided into two groups, eight in the improved group and twelve in the unimproved group, according to the serial change in H/M. The mean interval between the baseline and the follow up study was 2.1 +/- 0.6 year. Differences between the means of the laboratory data in @entity1 in both groups were compared for the baseline and the follow up study by using the paired t-test. As a means of determining the influential factors for a serial change of MIBG uptake, Fisher's exact test was performed to evaluate the association between the serial change in cardiac MIBG parameters and changes in other clinical parameters, such as @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) control, @entity1503 control method (insulin therapy), serum @entity165 control, and severity of @entity6 complications. We also analyzed the association between the changes in CV(R-R) (coefficient variance of R-R intervals at rest ECG) or NCV (velocity of posterior tibial nerve) and those of other clinical parameters. Associations among these neurological parameters (MIBG parameters, CV(R-R) and NCV) were also analyzed. RESULTS: Paired t-tests showed a significant decrease in fasting @entity1503 and @entity9208 in the improved group in the follow up study compared to those in the baseline study. Nevertheless, Fisher's exact test showed no significant association between FBS, HbA1C, @entity9208 and the improvement in cardiac MIBG uptake. The only significant association was observed between the serial change in H/M and the @entity1503 -control method (insulin therapy). Within the neurological parameters, a significant association was noted between the serial changes in H/M and CV(R-R). CONCLUSION: Although @entity1503 control was likely to be an important factor, it did not always ameliorate cardiac MIBG uptake. Based on the significant association between the @entity1503 -control method (insulin therapy) and MIBG uptake change, the severity of @entity6 was likely to be a more influential factor. It was suggested that cardiac MIBG uptake could improve within the mild stage if controlled by diet therapy or an oral hypoglycemic agent in @entity2175 .

title: Serial change in 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood sugar', 'BS']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity43 is an extremely rare @entity5 occurring predominantly in the second and third decades of life. It presents most often with non-specific symptoms. We describe a new case occurring in a young @entity1 presenting with @entity249 and irregular menses. Ultrasound examination showed a left heterogenous ovarian mass without focal @entity730 . Histological features included a pseudolobular pattern with focal areas of @entity1463 , prominent vascularity and a two-cell population of spindled and polygonal cells. Immunohistochemical analysis for actin, @entity2277 , laminin, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity2931 and @entity1420 receptors using @entity406 -fixed and paraffin-embedded materials showed predominant positivity for a-smooth muscle actin and consistent positivity for laminin and @entity2277 . The epidermal @entity7 demonstrated @entity5 vascularity. @entity2931 and @entity1420 receptors were not expressed. suggesting hormonally independent development. Menstrual cycle disturbances, however, were corrected following extirpation of the @entity5 , indicating some endocrine involvement. In addition, the @entity1 became pregnant ten months after the operation. The differential diagnosis is discussed.

title: XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerosing stromal ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular epidermal growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rich tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'Oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The success of tooth transplantation or replantation depends on the viability of periodontal ligament in the planted tooth. Mechanical injury to periodontal tissues frequently results in @entity11229 and @entity17008 , which leads to the failure of transplantation or replantation. @entity2193 ( @entity2193 ) has been recently used to induce periodontal regeneration. In this report, we show a clinical case of @entity2193 application in the transplantation of an inversely impacted and immature tooth. METHODS: An impacted second @entity2651 was found in the right maxilla of a 16 year-old @entity1 . The tooth was inversely impacted and the @entity5251 was incomplete. When transplantation was carried out, @entity2193 was applied to the periodontal tissues of the extracted @entity2651 . The tooth was fixed at the correct position and the clinical condition was followed for evaluation for 6 months. RESULTS: Radiographs after 3 months exhibited new bone formation surrounding the transplanted tooth. After 6 months, considerable growth of @entity5251 was evident, periodontal ligament-like radiolucency appeared, the vital reaction of the planted tooth was detected, and there were no signs of @entity11229 or @entity3947 . CONCLUSION: Short-term results from this case indicate that @entity2193 application was effective in the transplantation of an inversely impacted and immature tooth and that @entity2193 might contribute to the growth of @entity5251 and to the prevention of @entity3947 .

title: Application of enamel matrix derivative in autotransplantation of an impacted maxillary XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity11229 :: ('MESH:D012391', 'Disease') :: ['root resorption', 'dental root resorption']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity17008 :: ('MESH:D020254', 'Disease') :: ['dental ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity2193 :: ('MESH:D003744', 'Disease') :: ['Enamel matrix derivative', 'EMD']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['dental root']

answer: @entity2651 :: (MESH:D000848,Disease) :: ['premolar']


abstract: In the Baltic Sea ecosystem reproductive disorders have occurred in top consumers such as seals and some fish-eating birds, due to biomagnification of toxic substances, e.g. @entity318 and @entity3215 . @entity132 have also affected fish during the last 25 years. However, there is no strong evidence that toxic substances have caused these problems. Rather, the disorders seem to result from a combination of two or more biotic or abiotic factors. The M74 syndrome, which kills fry of salmon and @entity42549 , is characterized by a deficiency of @entity9138 ( @entity9138 ). Several factors may contribute to the @entity9138 deficiency, including the diet of salmon in the sea and halogenated organic compounds. Cod do not develop M74, and poor cod recruitment is mainly due to poor @entity26 conditions in the spawning areas in combination with overfishing. @entity137 compounds in pulp-mill effluents retard gonadal development in perch, but the mechanisms and the active substances have not been identified. Recruitment problems in perch in the coastal waters outside some pulp mills may also be explained by a lack of food items for juvenile fish, rather than reproductive failure. There are very limited data on reproductive disorders in crustaceans from the Baltic Sea. Most data come from studies of the benthic amphipod Monoporeia affinis, which has been used in monitoring programs. Several signs of @entity74 have been reported in this amphipod, e.g. @entity600 and @entity204 of embryos, and asynchronous maturation of males and females.

title: XXXX substances and reproductive disorders in Baltic fish and crustaceans.

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['Reproductive disturbances']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin B1', 'thiamine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['reproductive disorder']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxic']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence, distribution, and demographic associations of @entity2516 in the population of the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. METHODS: From 94 clusters in one urban and three rural areas of Andhra Pradesh, 11 786 @entity1 of all ages were sampled using a stratified, random, cluster, systematic sampling strategy in the Andhra Pradesh @entity2194 Study, a population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 10 293 @entity1 underwent an interview and detailed dilated eye examination. Refraction was performed by ophthalmic personnel trained in the study procedures. Objective refraction under cycloplegia was assessed for @entity1 < or = 15 years of age and subjective refraction for those > 15 years of age. @entity1714 was defined as spherical equivalent worse than -0.50 D and @entity3467 as spherical equivalent worse than +0.50 D. RESULTS: In the @entity1 < or = 15 years of age, the prevalence of @entity1714 was 3.19% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.24-4.13%) and of @entity3467 was 62.62% (95% CI 57.10-68.13%). In this age group, @entity1714 increased with increasing age and was more prevalent in the urban study area, and @entity3467 prevalence was greater in the @entity1 < 10 years of age. In @entity1 > 15 years of age, the prevalence of @entity1714 was 19.45% (95% CI 17.88-21.02%) and of @entity3467 was 8.38% (95% CI 6.91-9.85%). @entity1714 and @entity3467 increased with increasing age. @entity1714 was more common in males, those with education higher than class 12, those with nuclear @entity231 , and those living in rural study areas. @entity3467 was more common in females, those with any level of formal education, and those living in the urban area and in the well-off rural study area. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant @entity2516 in this population. These data on the distribution and associations of @entity2516 can be useful for the planning of refractive eye-care services.

title: Population-based assessment of @entity2516 in India: the Andhra XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Eye Disease']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia', 'Hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['myopia', 'Myopia']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Pradesh eye disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the prevalence, distribution, and demographic associations of @entity2516 in the population of the southern Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. METHODS: From 94 clusters in one urban and three rural areas of Andhra Pradesh, 11 786 @entity1 of all ages were sampled using a stratified, random, cluster, systematic sampling strategy in the Andhra Pradesh @entity2194 Study, a population-based cross-sectional study. A total of 10 293 @entity1 underwent an interview and detailed dilated eye examination. Refraction was performed by ophthalmic personnel trained in the study procedures. Objective refraction under cycloplegia was assessed for @entity1 < or = 15 years of age and subjective refraction for those > 15 years of age. @entity1714 was defined as spherical equivalent worse than -0.50 D and @entity3467 as spherical equivalent worse than +0.50 D. RESULTS: In the @entity1 < or = 15 years of age, the prevalence of @entity1714 was 3.19% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.24-4.13%) and of @entity3467 was 62.62% (95% CI 57.10-68.13%). In this age group, @entity1714 increased with increasing age and was more prevalent in the urban study area, and @entity3467 prevalence was greater in the @entity1 < 10 years of age. In @entity1 > 15 years of age, the prevalence of @entity1714 was 19.45% (95% CI 17.88-21.02%) and of @entity3467 was 8.38% (95% CI 6.91-9.85%). @entity1714 and @entity3467 increased with increasing age. @entity1714 was more common in males, those with education higher than class 12, those with nuclear @entity231 , and those living in rural study areas. @entity3467 was more common in females, those with any level of formal education, and those living in the urban area and in the well-off rural study area. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant @entity2516 in this population. These data on the distribution and associations of @entity2516 can be useful for the planning of refractive eye-care services.

title: Population-based assessment of XXXX in India: the Andhra @entity2194 study.

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['refractive error']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the results of arthroscopic synovectomy for the treatment of elbows affected by @entity309 . METHODS: Arthroscopic synovectomy was performed on twenty-nine elbows (twenty-seven @entity1 ) between 1984 and 1996. Twenty-one elbows (twenty @entity1 ), followed for a minimum of forty-two months, were evaluated clinically with use of the Mayo elbow performance score and radiographic findings. The mean duration of follow-up was ninety-seven months. With use of the system of Larsen et al., we classified all elbows into three groups--Grades 1 and 2, Grade 3, and Grade 4--according to the preoperative radiographic findings. These groups were then compared. RESULTS: The mean Mayo elbow performance score improved from 48.3 points preoperatively to 77.5 points (an excellent result in two elbows, a good result in thirteen, a fair result in six, and a poor result in none) at two years after the operation and 69.8 points (an excellent result in two elbows, a good result in seven, a fair result in seven, and a poor result in five) at the final follow-up evaluation. The mean score for @entity158 improved from 9.3 points preoperatively to 31.4 points at two years after the operation and 27.9 points at the final follow-up evaluation. Clinically apparent @entity603 recurred in five of the twenty-one elbows, and two of the five required total elbow arthroplasty. Among the three groups, only elbows with Larsen Grade-1 or 2 @entity625 had a favorable long-term result with regard to total function. The postoperative results were unsatisfactory for Larsen Grade-4 elbows. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic synovectomy in an elbow affected by @entity309 is a reliable procedure that can alleviate @entity158 . Our results suggest that one of the most favorable indications for arthroscopic synovectomy is a preoperative radiographic rating of Grade 1 or 2.

title: Arthroscopic synovectomy of the elbow in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An optimal outcome of closed treatment of a @entity7719 may depend on accurate reduction and adequate immobilization. It has been suggested that the use of finger-trap traction results in a better reduction and a lower rate of redisplacement than manual manipulation does, but to our knowledge these concepts have never been evaluated scientifically. We compared these two methods in a prospective, randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-three @entity1 with 225 displaced @entity7719 were randomized to treatment with closed reduction with either finger-trap traction (112 @entity1 ) or manual manipulation (111 @entity1 ). The @entity174 were assessed radiographically by measurement of the radial angle, dorsal tilt, and radial shortening before reduction, immediately after reduction, and at one and five weeks after reduction. RESULTS: The groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, side of injury, @entity174 grade, and amount of displacement at presentation. No significant differences were found between the alignment of the @entity174 in the two treatment groups at any time. With dorsal tilt of <10 degrees and radial shortening of <5 mm considered acceptable, the two techniques both produced an 87% rate of satisfactory reductions. However, the percentages of @entity174 in an acceptable alignment were only 57% and 50% at one week after finger-trap traction and manual manipulation, respectively, and only 27% and 32% at five weeks. The failure rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The two methods of @entity174 reduction did not differ with regard to the eventual position of the @entity174 or the rate of failure. Although closed reduction was successful for the majority of @entity174 , most redisplaced substantially during the period of cast immobilization.

title: XXXX : comparison of manual manipulation and finger-trap traction: a prospective, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity7719 :: ('MESH:D003100', 'Disease') :: ['Colles-type fractures', 'Colles fracture']

answer: @entity7719 :: (MESH:D003100,Disease) :: ['Closed reduction of colles fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main causative agents of @entity11102 are @entity2711 , tiny, gram-negative bacilli. The disease usually has a benign course with the development of a papule at the inoculation site, followed by regional @entity3329 . In most cases, complete resolution occurs, but in immunocompromised hosts, the course of the disease can be aggravated. CASE REPORT: A @entity1 received @entity1499 and @entity288 for 3 months due to @entity309 . He developed @entity221 , @entity1910 and @entity1431 under @entity1499 therapy. Dark red indurations with central @entity1066 at his right thigh revealed a further problem apart from the @entity1499 -induced @entity1210 and immunosuppression. The @entity1066 were the remainders of recurrent scratches from the @entity1 's cat. The patient's antibody titers against @entity2711 remained low and @entity4 was only for a short time to be observed, this reaction obviously weakened as a result of the immunosuppression. However, the typical course, the exclusion of other reasons for the @entity1910 and the rapid improvement of the @entity1 's condition after antibiotic treatment ascertained the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: In immunocompromised hosts, diseases with a typically benign course can become severe and life-threatening illnesses. Ownership of pets should be taken into consideration before onset of an immunosuppressive therapy.

title: XXXX in an immunocompromised host.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['exanthema']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal lymph node swelling']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity2711 :: ('38323', 'Species') :: ['Bartonella henselae']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['cat-scratch disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity11102 :: (MESH:D002372,Disease) :: ['Cat-scratch disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To use the Rod-and-Frame Test (RFT) as a quantification of the perception of verticality in subjects with and without @entity4048 . DESIGN: Cohort study comparing perception of verticality in symptomatic subjects with @entity4048 versus a control group. SETTING: Both groups were selected from 2 urban chiropractic offices treating typical neuromusculoskeletal conditions from the general community in Canada. @entity1 : Nineteen subjects (11 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ) with uncomplicated mechanical @entity4048 and 17 (7 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ) asymptomatic subjects. INTERVENTION: The RFT offers a noninvasive method of measuring spatial orientation or the perception of verticality. Studies of the RFT indicate that performance is reliable. The RFT requires subjects to set a luminescent rod to the true vertical in the presence and absence of a luminescent background frame. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The amount of rotation was measured and recorded by a dial on the back of the device. RESULTS: Two-way analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences in judging vertical between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Unpaired t tests for each test situation and the Tukey post hoc test showed statistical differences for both groups. CONCLUSION: There may be a direct connection between the structures that provide internal cues for the body's ability to sense verticality and nociceptive influences affecting the afference of these structures. The overshoot of the symptomatic group could indicate the search for additional proprioceptive information.

title: Effect of XXXX on verticality perception: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['neck pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of @entity4546 in @entity1 presenting with troublesome reflux symptoms. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled comparison. SETTING: Primary care. SUBJECTS: @entity1 were recruited using a symptom-based questionnaire for diagnosis of @entity354 . INTERVENTIONS: After endoscopy, @entity1 without endoscopic @entity354 were randomized to @entity4546 20 mg (Ome20), @entity4546 10 mg (Ome10) or placebo once daily for 4 weeks (n = 261) and those with @entity354 (except circumferential/ulcerative) were randomized to receive either Ome20 or Ome10 once daily for 4 weeks (n = 277). @entity1 not symptom-free at 4 weeks received open treatment with Ome20 once daily for a further 4 weeks. Those symptom-free at 4-8 weeks were followed up for 6 months off treatment, to see whether their symptoms recurred. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Complete upper GI symptom relief during week 4 on Ome20 or Ome10 in @entity1 with or without endoscopic @entity354 . RESULTS: Forty one percent of all @entity1 on Ome20 and 35% on Ome10 reported complete relief from @entity1109 during week 4, whilst 73% of the @entity1 on Ome20 and 62% on Ome10 obtained sufficient control. Complete relief during week 4 was reported by 19% of endoscopy-negative @entity1 on placebo, and sufficient control by 35%. Endoscopic healing at 4 weeks occurred in 76% of @entity354 @entity1 on Ome20 and in 56% on Ome10. After 6 months off treatment, 90% of @entity1 with @entity354 and 75% of endoscopy-negative @entity1 reported symptomatic relapse. CONCLUSION: Both 10 mg and 20 mg of @entity4546 gave effective relief of symptoms, although 20 mg gave superior healing in @entity1 with @entity354 . After cessation of treatment, symptomatic relapse was rapid and frequent in both endoscopy-positive and endoscopy-negative @entity1 .

title: XXXX in primary care: an international study of different treatment strategies with @entity4546 . International GORD Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease', 'oesophagitis']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of @entity4546 in @entity1 presenting with troublesome reflux symptoms. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled comparison. SETTING: Primary care. SUBJECTS: @entity1 were recruited using a symptom-based questionnaire for diagnosis of @entity354 . INTERVENTIONS: After endoscopy, @entity1 without endoscopic @entity354 were randomized to @entity4546 20 mg (Ome20), @entity4546 10 mg (Ome10) or placebo once daily for 4 weeks (n = 261) and those with @entity354 (except circumferential/ulcerative) were randomized to receive either Ome20 or Ome10 once daily for 4 weeks (n = 277). @entity1 not symptom-free at 4 weeks received open treatment with Ome20 once daily for a further 4 weeks. Those symptom-free at 4-8 weeks were followed up for 6 months off treatment, to see whether their symptoms recurred. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Complete upper GI symptom relief during week 4 on Ome20 or Ome10 in @entity1 with or without endoscopic @entity354 . RESULTS: Forty one percent of all @entity1 on Ome20 and 35% on Ome10 reported complete relief from @entity1109 during week 4, whilst 73% of the @entity1 on Ome20 and 62% on Ome10 obtained sufficient control. Complete relief during week 4 was reported by 19% of endoscopy-negative @entity1 on placebo, and sufficient control by 35%. Endoscopic healing at 4 weeks occurred in 76% of @entity354 @entity1 on Ome20 and in 56% on Ome10. After 6 months off treatment, 90% of @entity1 with @entity354 and 75% of endoscopy-negative @entity1 reported symptomatic relapse. CONCLUSION: Both 10 mg and 20 mg of @entity4546 gave effective relief of symptoms, although 20 mg gave superior healing in @entity1 with @entity354 . After cessation of treatment, symptomatic relapse was rapid and frequent in both endoscopy-positive and endoscopy-negative @entity1 .

title: @entity354 in primary care: an international study of different treatment strategies with XXXX . International GORD Study Group.

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: Tsukuba @entity101 @entity19 (THMs) are @entity19 carrying @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) in @entity1283 and @entity8 in THMs. After a 2-wk control period, 10-wk-old THMs were treated with @entity3593 (ACEI group) or @entity2514 ( @entity2514 group) or left untreated (control group) for 8 wk. C57BL/6 @entity19 of similar age (wild group) were used as normal controls. Systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were measured once a week. All @entity19 were sacrificed at 20 wk of age, and heart to body weight ratio, cardiac myocyte diameter, @entity8 index, and glomerular size were measured. Fibronectin expression was also evaluated. At 20 wk of age, systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in the control group were significantly higher than those in the wild group and significantly lower than those in the ACEI and @entity2514 groups. Heart to body weight ratio and cardiac myocyte diameter were significantly higher in the @entity2514 and control groups than in the other groups. @entity8 index and glomerular size were also significantly higher in the control group than in the other groups, and there were significant differences between the ACEI and @entity2514 groups in these variables. Fibronectin expression was marked in the control and @entity2514 groups. These findings suggest that the RAS plays an important role in @entity1283 in THMs, but that both the RAS and elevation of blood pressure contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity8 .

title: Role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system in @entity1283 and XXXX in transgenic @entity101 @entity19 carrying both @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal glomerular sclerosis', 'Renal glomerular sclerosis', 'renal disorders']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal glomerular sclerosis']


abstract: Tsukuba @entity101 @entity19 (THMs) are @entity19 carrying @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) in @entity1283 and @entity8 in THMs. After a 2-wk control period, 10-wk-old THMs were treated with @entity3593 (ACEI group) or @entity2514 ( @entity2514 group) or left untreated (control group) for 8 wk. C57BL/6 @entity19 of similar age (wild group) were used as normal controls. Systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were measured once a week. All @entity19 were sacrificed at 20 wk of age, and heart to body weight ratio, cardiac myocyte diameter, @entity8 index, and glomerular size were measured. Fibronectin expression was also evaluated. At 20 wk of age, systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in the control group were significantly higher than those in the wild group and significantly lower than those in the ACEI and @entity2514 groups. Heart to body weight ratio and cardiac myocyte diameter were significantly higher in the @entity2514 and control groups than in the other groups. @entity8 index and glomerular size were also significantly higher in the control group than in the other groups, and there were significant differences between the ACEI and @entity2514 groups in these variables. Fibronectin expression was marked in the control and @entity2514 groups. These findings suggest that the RAS plays an important role in @entity1283 in THMs, but that both the RAS and elevation of blood pressure contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity8 .

title: Role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system in @entity1283 and @entity8 in transgenic @entity101 @entity19 carrying both @entity1 @entity916 and XXXX genes.

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensinogen']


abstract: Tsukuba @entity101 @entity19 (THMs) are @entity19 carrying @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) in @entity1283 and @entity8 in THMs. After a 2-wk control period, 10-wk-old THMs were treated with @entity3593 (ACEI group) or @entity2514 ( @entity2514 group) or left untreated (control group) for 8 wk. C57BL/6 @entity19 of similar age (wild group) were used as normal controls. Systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were measured once a week. All @entity19 were sacrificed at 20 wk of age, and heart to body weight ratio, cardiac myocyte diameter, @entity8 index, and glomerular size were measured. Fibronectin expression was also evaluated. At 20 wk of age, systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in the control group were significantly higher than those in the wild group and significantly lower than those in the ACEI and @entity2514 groups. Heart to body weight ratio and cardiac myocyte diameter were significantly higher in the @entity2514 and control groups than in the other groups. @entity8 index and glomerular size were also significantly higher in the control group than in the other groups, and there were significant differences between the ACEI and @entity2514 groups in these variables. Fibronectin expression was marked in the control and @entity2514 groups. These findings suggest that the RAS plays an important role in @entity1283 in THMs, but that both the RAS and elevation of blood pressure contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity8 .

title: Role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system in XXXX and @entity8 in transgenic @entity101 @entity19 carrying both @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes.

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']


abstract: Tsukuba @entity101 @entity19 (THMs) are @entity19 carrying @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) in @entity1283 and @entity8 in THMs. After a 2-wk control period, 10-wk-old THMs were treated with @entity3593 (ACEI group) or @entity2514 ( @entity2514 group) or left untreated (control group) for 8 wk. C57BL/6 @entity19 of similar age (wild group) were used as normal controls. Systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were measured once a week. All @entity19 were sacrificed at 20 wk of age, and heart to body weight ratio, cardiac myocyte diameter, @entity8 index, and glomerular size were measured. Fibronectin expression was also evaluated. At 20 wk of age, systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in the control group were significantly higher than those in the wild group and significantly lower than those in the ACEI and @entity2514 groups. Heart to body weight ratio and cardiac myocyte diameter were significantly higher in the @entity2514 and control groups than in the other groups. @entity8 index and glomerular size were also significantly higher in the control group than in the other groups, and there were significant differences between the ACEI and @entity2514 groups in these variables. Fibronectin expression was marked in the control and @entity2514 groups. These findings suggest that the RAS plays an important role in @entity1283 in THMs, but that both the RAS and elevation of blood pressure contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity8 .

title: Role of the XXXX -angiotensin system in @entity1283 and @entity8 in transgenic @entity101 @entity19 carrying both @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes.

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: Tsukuba @entity101 @entity19 (THMs) are @entity19 carrying @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) in @entity1283 and @entity8 in THMs. After a 2-wk control period, 10-wk-old THMs were treated with @entity3593 (ACEI group) or @entity2514 ( @entity2514 group) or left untreated (control group) for 8 wk. C57BL/6 @entity19 of similar age (wild group) were used as normal controls. Systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were measured once a week. All @entity19 were sacrificed at 20 wk of age, and heart to body weight ratio, cardiac myocyte diameter, @entity8 index, and glomerular size were measured. Fibronectin expression was also evaluated. At 20 wk of age, systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in the control group were significantly higher than those in the wild group and significantly lower than those in the ACEI and @entity2514 groups. Heart to body weight ratio and cardiac myocyte diameter were significantly higher in the @entity2514 and control groups than in the other groups. @entity8 index and glomerular size were also significantly higher in the control group than in the other groups, and there were significant differences between the ACEI and @entity2514 groups in these variables. Fibronectin expression was marked in the control and @entity2514 groups. These findings suggest that the RAS plays an important role in @entity1283 in THMs, but that both the RAS and elevation of blood pressure contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity8 .

title: Role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system in @entity1283 and @entity8 in transgenic @entity101 @entity19 carrying both @entity1 XXXX and @entity2178 genes.

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: Tsukuba @entity101 @entity19 (THMs) are @entity19 carrying @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) in @entity1283 and @entity8 in THMs. After a 2-wk control period, 10-wk-old THMs were treated with @entity3593 (ACEI group) or @entity2514 ( @entity2514 group) or left untreated (control group) for 8 wk. C57BL/6 @entity19 of similar age (wild group) were used as normal controls. Systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were measured once a week. All @entity19 were sacrificed at 20 wk of age, and heart to body weight ratio, cardiac myocyte diameter, @entity8 index, and glomerular size were measured. Fibronectin expression was also evaluated. At 20 wk of age, systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in the control group were significantly higher than those in the wild group and significantly lower than those in the ACEI and @entity2514 groups. Heart to body weight ratio and cardiac myocyte diameter were significantly higher in the @entity2514 and control groups than in the other groups. @entity8 index and glomerular size were also significantly higher in the control group than in the other groups, and there were significant differences between the ACEI and @entity2514 groups in these variables. Fibronectin expression was marked in the control and @entity2514 groups. These findings suggest that the RAS plays an important role in @entity1283 in THMs, but that both the RAS and elevation of blood pressure contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity8 .

title: Role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system in @entity1283 and @entity8 in transgenic @entity101 XXXX carrying both @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Tsukuba @entity101 @entity19 (THMs) are @entity19 carrying @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) in @entity1283 and @entity8 in THMs. After a 2-wk control period, 10-wk-old THMs were treated with @entity3593 (ACEI group) or @entity2514 ( @entity2514 group) or left untreated (control group) for 8 wk. C57BL/6 @entity19 of similar age (wild group) were used as normal controls. Systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were measured once a week. All @entity19 were sacrificed at 20 wk of age, and heart to body weight ratio, cardiac myocyte diameter, @entity8 index, and glomerular size were measured. Fibronectin expression was also evaluated. At 20 wk of age, systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in the control group were significantly higher than those in the wild group and significantly lower than those in the ACEI and @entity2514 groups. Heart to body weight ratio and cardiac myocyte diameter were significantly higher in the @entity2514 and control groups than in the other groups. @entity8 index and glomerular size were also significantly higher in the control group than in the other groups, and there were significant differences between the ACEI and @entity2514 groups in these variables. Fibronectin expression was marked in the control and @entity2514 groups. These findings suggest that the RAS plays an important role in @entity1283 in THMs, but that both the RAS and elevation of blood pressure contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity8 .

title: Role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system in @entity1283 and @entity8 in transgenic XXXX @entity19 carrying both @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Tsukuba @entity101 @entity19 (THMs) are @entity19 carrying @entity1 @entity916 and @entity2178 genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) in @entity1283 and @entity8 in THMs. After a 2-wk control period, 10-wk-old THMs were treated with @entity3593 (ACEI group) or @entity2514 ( @entity2514 group) or left untreated (control group) for 8 wk. C57BL/6 @entity19 of similar age (wild group) were used as normal controls. Systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were measured once a week. All @entity19 were sacrificed at 20 wk of age, and heart to body weight ratio, cardiac myocyte diameter, @entity8 index, and glomerular size were measured. Fibronectin expression was also evaluated. At 20 wk of age, systolic blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion in the control group were significantly higher than those in the wild group and significantly lower than those in the ACEI and @entity2514 groups. Heart to body weight ratio and cardiac myocyte diameter were significantly higher in the @entity2514 and control groups than in the other groups. @entity8 index and glomerular size were also significantly higher in the control group than in the other groups, and there were significant differences between the ACEI and @entity2514 groups in these variables. Fibronectin expression was marked in the control and @entity2514 groups. These findings suggest that the RAS plays an important role in @entity1283 in THMs, but that both the RAS and elevation of blood pressure contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity8 .

title: Role of the @entity916 -angiotensin system in @entity1283 and @entity8 in transgenic @entity101 @entity19 carrying both XXXX @entity916 and @entity2178 genes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity977 are well suited to resection by a minimal-access endoscopic technique. Validation of this approach requires prospective outcome studies to determine the impact on quality of life (QOL). This study aims to assess the effect of endoscopic pituitary @entity652 resection on site-specific and sinonasal-related QOL before and after endoscopic surgery using validated instruments. METHODS Consecutive adult @entity1 undergoing endoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary @entity652 were prospectively enrolled from a single tertiary care center. All @entity1 completed the Anterior Skull Base Questionnaire (ASBQ) and the 22-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) preoperatively and then at regular intervals after surgery to assess their perceived QOL with regard to hormonal, surgical, and anatomical factors. RESULTS Eighty-one of 114 @entity1 were eligible for study; median follow-up was 16 months. This cohort included 24 (29.6%) nonsecreting macroadenomas and 57 (70.4%) hypersecreting @entity5 . There was significant improvement in the mean ASBQ score at 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery (p < 0.05), while postoperative SNOT-22 scores, at the same time points, showed no significant difference from preoperative scores. Both ASBQ and SNOT-22 scores showed transient worsening at 3 weeks postoperatively. Subtotal resection correlated with worse QOL, both overall and among @entity1 with hypersecreting @entity5 (p < 0.05). Extrasellar @entity5 extension, intraoperative CSF leakage, and a reconstruction technique during surgery did not impact postoperative QOL. @entity227 did not significantly alter QOL. There were no postoperative CSF leaks in this series. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic resection of pituitary @entity652 is associated with long-term improvements in site-specific QOL and stability in sinonasal QOL when assessed pre- and postoperatively with validated instruments. Subtotal resection was the only factor that negatively impacted postoperative QOL. Therefore, gross-total resection should be attempted for all @entity1 to optimize QOL after surgery.

title: Preservation of multidimensional quality of life after endoscopic pituitary XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['Pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: The authors report a complication of catheter ablation that, to their knowledge, has never been previously reported. A 63-year-old @entity1 had undergone successful transvenous catheter thermoablation for @entity955 . The @entity1 remained well until 3 days prior to further admission when he noticed itching in the right frontal area of his scalp. On palpating his scalp, he discovered a metallic body projecting out of it and he proceeded to extract 20 cm of wire from his head. The following day a progressive left @entity1158 developed, and the @entity1 experienced a deteriorating level of consciousness. A CT scan of the brain showed a right frontotemporal intraparenchymal hemorrhage and revealed a metallic structure in the middle of the @entity1410 . The @entity1410 was evacuated and a decompressive craniotomy was performed. The guidewire was identified, but it was only possible to extract part of it. It was covered by fibrous tissue, secondary to inflammatory reaction. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of guidewire-induced @entity932 . The guidewire apparently had not been removed and had spontaneously migrated from the heart to the brain and beyond to the scalp where it then exited the @entity1 's head. The @entity1 had been well before he attempted to pull out the wire. Earlier identification of the iatrogenic complication of a retained guidewire might have prevented the fatal outcome in this case.

title: An unusual complication of XXXX ablation: case report.

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: @entity1082 ) is able to subvert the host cell replication machinery so as to foster viral reproduction. Specifically, @entity1083 is known to induce expression of proliferation antigens such as Ki67 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen ( @entity1364 ) in differentiated keratinocytes which have ceased to replicate. In order to determine whether @entity4910 or cyclin E deregulation is also a feature of @entity1083 , an immunohistochemical investigation of @entity4910 , cyclin E, Ki67, and @entity1364 expression has been carried out in 38 cases of HPV 6/11-related @entity6205 ( @entity6205 ). Results were compared with those obtained from 15 @entity75 . Whereas 35 (92.1 per cent) @entity6205 samples exhibited positive nuclear immunostaining for cyclin E, no @entity4910 immunoreaction was detected in any of the @entity6205 samples studied. All @entity75 showed immunostaining for both cyclins. All @entity6205 cases revealed a positive immunoreaction for Ki67 and 33 for @entity1364 , both in the parabasal and in the differentiated upper epithelial layers. Parabasal keratinocytes of @entity75 were always positive for both Ki67 and @entity1364 . These results indicate that in the onslaught of HPV 6/11 upon the keratinocyte replication machinery, cyclin E, @entity1364 , and Ki67 are amongst the targeted cell cycle modulators, whereas @entity4910 is spared the main effects of virus-cell interplay. In contrast, both cyclins seem to be induced in @entity1569 , @entity39150 .

title: expression patterns of cyclins D1 and E in XXXX in comparison with @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'condyloma acuminatum']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic proliferative lesions', 'psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity39150 :: ('MESH:D017193', 'Disease') :: ['a non-viral proliferative skin condition']

answer: @entity6205 :: (MESH:D062688,Disease) :: ['condyloma acuminatum']


abstract: @entity1082 ) is able to subvert the host cell replication machinery so as to foster viral reproduction. Specifically, @entity1083 is known to induce expression of proliferation antigens such as Ki67 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen ( @entity1364 ) in differentiated keratinocytes which have ceased to replicate. In order to determine whether @entity4910 or cyclin E deregulation is also a feature of @entity1083 , an immunohistochemical investigation of @entity4910 , cyclin E, Ki67, and @entity1364 expression has been carried out in 38 cases of HPV 6/11-related @entity6205 ( @entity6205 ). Results were compared with those obtained from 15 @entity75 . Whereas 35 (92.1 per cent) @entity6205 samples exhibited positive nuclear immunostaining for cyclin E, no @entity4910 immunoreaction was detected in any of the @entity6205 samples studied. All @entity75 showed immunostaining for both cyclins. All @entity6205 cases revealed a positive immunoreaction for Ki67 and 33 for @entity1364 , both in the parabasal and in the differentiated upper epithelial layers. Parabasal keratinocytes of @entity75 were always positive for both Ki67 and @entity1364 . These results indicate that in the onslaught of HPV 6/11 upon the keratinocyte replication machinery, cyclin E, @entity1364 , and Ki67 are amongst the targeted cell cycle modulators, whereas @entity4910 is spared the main effects of virus-cell interplay. In contrast, both cyclins seem to be induced in @entity1569 , @entity39150 .

title: expression patterns of cyclins D1 and E in @entity6205 in comparison with XXXX .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['psoriatic proliferative lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a biomaterial derived from chitin, is absorbed by intestinal epithelia without @entity1797 and has diverse biological activities including intestinal epithelial function. However, the mode of action is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of COS on @entity8582 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and its potential applications in the @entity1944 benefited from AMPK activation. COS with molecular weights (MW) from 5,000Da to 14,000Da induced AMPK activation in T84 cells. That with MW of 5,000-Da was the most potent polymer and was used in the subsequent experiments. COS also activated AMPK in other IEC including HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. Mechanism of COS-induced AMPK activation in T84 cells involves @entity460 -sensing receptor (CaSR)-phospholipase C (PLC)-IP3 receptor channel-mediated @entity460 release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In addition, COS promoted tight junction assembly in T84 cells in an AMPK-dependent manner. COS also inhibited NF-kB transcriptional activity and NF-kB-mediated inflammatory response and barrier disruption via AMPK-independent mechanisms. Interestingly, luminal exposure to COS suppressed cholera toxin-induced intestinal fluid secretion by    30% concurrent with AMPK activation in a @entity19 closed loop model. Importantly, oral administration of COS prevented the development of aberrant crypt foci in a @entity19 model of @entity1960 -associated @entity14 ( @entity14 ) via a mechanism involving AMPK activation-induced b-catenin suppression and @entity185 activation. Collectively, this study reveals a novel action of COS in activating AMPK via CaSR-PLC-IP3 receptor channel-mediated @entity460 release from ER. COS may be beneficial in the treatment of secretory diarrheas and @entity14 chemoprevention.

title: Activation of AMPK by chitosan oligosaccharide in intestinal epithelial cells: Mechanism of action and potential applications in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['degradation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Development of a test to screen excess salt intake (ESI) in @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity101 subjects living in Paris area have been included. A 24-hour urinary @entity1372 collection has been performed the day before the visit for a day hospital. A food diary was completed on the day of the urine collection and validated after an interview with a dietetician. An ESI was defined by a urinary @entity1372  >=   200mmol/d. Clinical or food characteristics associated to an ESI were retained for the ExSel Test variables. A ROC curve was performed to determine the optimal score for the ExSel Test in detection of ESI in @entity101 @entity1 . RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight @entity101 @entity1 have been included living in the   le-de-France area. ESI was observed in 19% with a higher frequency in @entity1 . Seven major determinants of ESI have been identified and are the questions that constitute the ExSel Test. A positive response assigns points: @entity1 (1); BMI  >  30 (2); bread  4  or 5  pieces per day (1) or more than 6  pieces; cheese at least 1  time per day (2); charcuterie at least 2  times per week (2); use of processed broth or pilaf (1); food rich in hidden salt (pizza, cheeseburger, quiche, shrimp, @entity415 chips, smoked fish, olive) at least 2  times per week (1). The ROC curve analysis shows that a score of 5  or more has the best Youden index with a sensitivity of 0.63, specificity of 0.95, @entity2286 of 0.75, NPV of 0.92. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity101 subjects, an excessive salt intake can be detected by the realization of the ExSel Test based only on a simple food-questionnaire and some clinical parameters. For a clinical use of the ExSel Test, an electronic version is available on http://www.comitehta.org.

title: [Development and evaluation of ExSel Test to screen for excess salt intake in XXXX subjects].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) does not manifest clinically until 80 % of striatal @entity935 is reduced, thus most @entity528 takes place before the @entity1 presents clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is important to develop preventive strategies for this disease. In the experimental models of @entity191 , @entity9013 ion (MPP+) and @entity3788 induce @entity137 in dopaminergic neurons. Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) displays neuroprotection in cells undergoing proteotoxic and oxidative stress. In the present report, we established an in vitro model using a primary neuronal culture from mesencephalic embryonic @entity19 tissue in which 17-20 % of neurons were TH-positive when differentiated in vitro. NPD1 (100 nM) rescued cells from apoptosis induced by MPP+ and @entity3788 , and the dendritic arbor of surviving neurons was examined using Sholl analysis. @entity3788 , as well as MPP+ and its precursor @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ), severely promoted retraction of dendritic arbor distal segments, thus decreasing the maximum branch order reached. On average, NPD1 counteracted the effects of MPP+ on the dendritic arborization, but failed to do so in the @entity3788 -treated neurons. However, @entity3788 did decrease the Sholl intersection number from radii 25 to 125   m, and NPD1 did restore the pattern to control levels. Similarly, NPD1 partially reverted the dendrite retraction caused by MPP+ and @entity5212 . These results suggest that the apoptosis occurring in mesencephalic TH-positive neurons is not a direct consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction alone and that NPD1 signaling may be counteracting this damage. These findings lay the groundwork for the use of the in vitro model developed for future studies and for the search of specific molecular events that NPD1 targets to prevent @entity179 in @entity191 .

title: The Docosanoid Neuroprotectin D1 Induces TH-Positive Neuronal Survival in a Cellular Model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone', 'Rotenone']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['early neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity9013 :: ('MESH:D015655', 'Chemical') :: ['1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']