abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiation-induced @entity392 is a side effect of radiotherapy in the inner ear for @entity5 of the head and neck. Effective dose constraints for protecting the cochlea are under-reported. The aim of this study is to determine the cochlea dose limitation to avoid causing @entity392 after @entity135 ( @entity135 ) intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). METHODS: In total 211 @entity1 with @entity135 were included; the side effects of radiotherapy were investigated for 422 inner ears in the cohort. Forty-nine of the four hundred and twenty-two samples (11.6  %) developed grade 2+ @entity1109 after IMRT, as diagnosed by a clinician. The Late Effects of Normal Tissues-Subjective, Objective, Management, Analytic (LENT-SOMA) criteria were used for @entity392 evaluation. The logistic and Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models were used for the analyses. RESULTS: The NTCP-fitted parameters were @entity8527 50    =   46.31  Gy (95  % CI, 41.46-52.50), y 50    =   1.27 (95  % CI, 1.02-1.55), and @entity8527 50    =   46.52  Gy (95  % CI, 41.91-53.43), m   =   0.35 (95  % CI, 0.30-0.42) for the logistic and LKB models, respectively. The suggested guideline @entity8527 20 for the tolerance dose to produce a 20  % complication rate within a specific period of time was @entity8527 20    =   33.62  Gy (95  % CI, 30.15-38.27) (logistic) and @entity8527 20    =   32.82  Gy (95  % CI, 29.58-37.69) (LKB). CONCLUSIONS: To maintain the incidence of grade 2+ @entity392 @entity137 <20  % in IMRT, we suggest that the mean dose to the cochlea should be <32  Gy. However, models should not be extrapolated to other @entity1 populations without further verification and should first be confirmed before clinical implementation.

title: Normal tissue complication probability modeling for cochlea constraints to avoid causing XXXX after head-and-neck intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-and-neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus symptoms']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mobile health (mHealth) systems are becoming more common for chronic disease management, but usability studies are still needed on @entity1 ' perspectives and mHealth interaction performance. This deficiency is addressed by our quantitative usability study of a mHealth @entity6 system evaluating @entity1 ' task performance, satisfaction, and the relationship of these measures to user characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used metrics in the International Organization for Standardization ( @entity8670 ) 9241-11 standard. After standardized training, 10 @entity1 performed representative tasks and were assessed on individual task success, errors, efficiency (time on task), satisfaction (System Usability Scale [SUS]) and user characteristics. RESULTS: Tasks of exporting and correcting values proved the most difficult, had the most errors, the lowest task success rates, and consumed the longest times on task. The average SUS satisfaction score was 80.5, indicating good but not excellent system usability. Data trends showed males were more successful in task completion, and younger @entity1 had higher performance scores. Educational level did not influence performance, but a more recent @entity6 diagnosis did. @entity1 with more experience in information technology (IT) also had higher performance rates. DISCUSSION: Difficult task performance indicated areas for redesign. Our methods can assist others in identifying areas in need of improvement. Data about user background and IT skills also showed how user characteristics influence performance and can provide future considerations for targeted mHealth designs. CONCLUSION: Using the @entity8670 9241-11 usability standard, the SUS instrument for satisfaction and measuring user characteristics provided objective measures of @entity1 ' experienced usability. These could serve as an exemplar for standardized, quantitative methods for usability studies on mHealth systems.

title: Quantifying usability: an evaluation of a XXXX mHealth system on effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction metrics with associated user characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The therapeutic efficacy of @entity3398 ( @entity5443 ) in chronic @entity1729 was evaluated in @entity1 who poorly responded to other antibiotics. To 20 @entity1 , @entity5443 was administered 2 g b.i.d. intravenously by drip infusion. Clinical efficacy was judged based on the criteria by score. 1. Bacterial elimination rate with @entity5443 was 73.7%. 2. A clinical cure rate was 80.0% was obtained by doctors in charge. 3. According to the score assessment, the overall clinical effectiveness rate was 60.0%, clinical symptom cure rate was 85.0% and improvement rate of X-ray findings was 55.0%. 4. Usefulness rate which was assessed by clinical effect and side effect was 70.0%. 5. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed in this study. We used the new antibiotic @entity5443 in @entity1 with chronic @entity1729 who responded poorly to other antibiotics and obtained satisfactory results. Especially @entity5443 indicated more effective possibility in cases from whom Gram-negative bacilli was isolated.

title: [Clinical study of @entity3398 in chronic XXXX : evaluation in poorly responding cases to other antibiotics (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: The therapeutic efficacy of @entity3398 ( @entity5443 ) in chronic @entity1729 was evaluated in @entity1 who poorly responded to other antibiotics. To 20 @entity1 , @entity5443 was administered 2 g b.i.d. intravenously by drip infusion. Clinical efficacy was judged based on the criteria by score. 1. Bacterial elimination rate with @entity5443 was 73.7%. 2. A clinical cure rate was 80.0% was obtained by doctors in charge. 3. According to the score assessment, the overall clinical effectiveness rate was 60.0%, clinical symptom cure rate was 85.0% and improvement rate of X-ray findings was 55.0%. 4. Usefulness rate which was assessed by clinical effect and side effect was 70.0%. 5. No side effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed in this study. We used the new antibiotic @entity5443 in @entity1 with chronic @entity1729 who responded poorly to other antibiotics and obtained satisfactory results. Especially @entity5443 indicated more effective possibility in cases from whom Gram-negative bacilli was isolated.

title: [Clinical study of XXXX in chronic @entity1729 : evaluation in poorly responding cases to other antibiotics (author's transl)].

answer: @entity3398 :: (MESH:D002440,Chemical) :: ['cefoxitin']


abstract: AIMS: The impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on adverse events in @entity1 with @entity340 ( @entity340 ) is unknown. We analyzed the independent association of eGFR and @entity1031 ( @entity1031 ), major @entity548 , and mortality in @entity1 with MHV in an observational cohort study. METHODS AND RESULTS: All @entity1 (n = 520) with MHV replacement on anticoagulation treatment were followed up prospectively regarding @entity1031 , major @entity548 , and @entity204 at 2 anticoagulation centers during 2008 to 2011. The mean age was 69 years, 72% with aortic valve replacement, and time in therapeutic range 2.0 to 4.0 was 91%. The incidence of the combined end point of major @entity548 , @entity1031 , and @entity204 increased sharply with each decreasing eGFR stratum: 5.5, 8.4, 16, and 32 per 100 @entity1 -years for eGFR >60, 45 to 60, 30 to 45, and <30 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively. After multivariate adjustment for comorbidities, every unit decrease in eGFR increased the risk of major @entity548 by 2%, @entity204 by 3%, and the combined end point by 1%. There was no association between eGFR and @entity1031 . There was an increased proportion of international normalized ratio >3.0 and >4.0 and decreasing time in therapeutic range for each decreasing eGFR stratum (P < .001 for trend). The hazard ratios of the combined end point for eGFR <30, 30 to 45, and 45 to 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) were 3.2 (95% CI 1.8-5.6), 1.5 (95% CI 0.9-2.5), and 0.9 (95% CI 0.6-1.5), respectively, compared to eGFR >60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with MHV on anticoagulation, eGFR is an independent predictor of major @entity548 and @entity204 and not @entity1031 .

title: Glomerular filtration rate and association to stroke, major @entity548 , and XXXX in @entity1 with mechanical heart valve prosthesis.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'TE']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['MHVs', 'mechanical heart valves']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: AIMS: The impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on adverse events in @entity1 with @entity340 ( @entity340 ) is unknown. We analyzed the independent association of eGFR and @entity1031 ( @entity1031 ), major @entity548 , and mortality in @entity1 with MHV in an observational cohort study. METHODS AND RESULTS: All @entity1 (n = 520) with MHV replacement on anticoagulation treatment were followed up prospectively regarding @entity1031 , major @entity548 , and @entity204 at 2 anticoagulation centers during 2008 to 2011. The mean age was 69 years, 72% with aortic valve replacement, and time in therapeutic range 2.0 to 4.0 was 91%. The incidence of the combined end point of major @entity548 , @entity1031 , and @entity204 increased sharply with each decreasing eGFR stratum: 5.5, 8.4, 16, and 32 per 100 @entity1 -years for eGFR >60, 45 to 60, 30 to 45, and <30 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively. After multivariate adjustment for comorbidities, every unit decrease in eGFR increased the risk of major @entity548 by 2%, @entity204 by 3%, and the combined end point by 1%. There was no association between eGFR and @entity1031 . There was an increased proportion of international normalized ratio >3.0 and >4.0 and decreasing time in therapeutic range for each decreasing eGFR stratum (P < .001 for trend). The hazard ratios of the combined end point for eGFR <30, 30 to 45, and 45 to 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) were 3.2 (95% CI 1.8-5.6), 1.5 (95% CI 0.9-2.5), and 0.9 (95% CI 0.6-1.5), respectively, compared to eGFR >60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with MHV on anticoagulation, eGFR is an independent predictor of major @entity548 and @entity204 and not @entity1031 .

title: Glomerular filtration rate and association to stroke, major XXXX , and @entity204 in @entity1 with mechanical heart valve prosthesis.

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: AIMS: The impact of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on adverse events in @entity1 with @entity340 ( @entity340 ) is unknown. We analyzed the independent association of eGFR and @entity1031 ( @entity1031 ), major @entity548 , and mortality in @entity1 with MHV in an observational cohort study. METHODS AND RESULTS: All @entity1 (n = 520) with MHV replacement on anticoagulation treatment were followed up prospectively regarding @entity1031 , major @entity548 , and @entity204 at 2 anticoagulation centers during 2008 to 2011. The mean age was 69 years, 72% with aortic valve replacement, and time in therapeutic range 2.0 to 4.0 was 91%. The incidence of the combined end point of major @entity548 , @entity1031 , and @entity204 increased sharply with each decreasing eGFR stratum: 5.5, 8.4, 16, and 32 per 100 @entity1 -years for eGFR >60, 45 to 60, 30 to 45, and <30 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively. After multivariate adjustment for comorbidities, every unit decrease in eGFR increased the risk of major @entity548 by 2%, @entity204 by 3%, and the combined end point by 1%. There was no association between eGFR and @entity1031 . There was an increased proportion of international normalized ratio >3.0 and >4.0 and decreasing time in therapeutic range for each decreasing eGFR stratum (P < .001 for trend). The hazard ratios of the combined end point for eGFR <30, 30 to 45, and 45 to 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) were 3.2 (95% CI 1.8-5.6), 1.5 (95% CI 0.9-2.5), and 0.9 (95% CI 0.6-1.5), respectively, compared to eGFR >60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with MHV on anticoagulation, eGFR is an independent predictor of major @entity548 and @entity204 and not @entity1031 .

title: Glomerular filtration rate and association to stroke, major @entity548 , and @entity204 in XXXX with mechanical heart valve prosthesis.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Systemic @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ) are classified into @entity7041 -positive and @entity7041 -negative types. We recently reported that @entity7041 -negative @entity2108 are genetically heterogenous. The largest subset, representing 30% of cases, had rearrangements of the @entity17968 locus. These cases had favorable outcomes similar to @entity7041 -positive ALCL, and superior to other @entity7041 -negative @entity2108 . Here, we examined the morphologic features of these cases in more detail. First, we conducted blinded review of @entity1710 and @entity1711 slides of 108 @entity2108 from our previous study, scoring cases for the presence of 3 histologic patterns and 5 cell types. Cases then were unblinded and re-reviewed to understand these features further. @entity17968 -rearranged @entity2108 were more likely than other @entity7041 -negative @entity2108 to have so-called doughnut cells (23% vs. 5%; P=0.039), less likely to have pleomorphic cells (23% vs. 49%; P=0.042), and nearly always (95%) had areas with sheet-like growth (common pattern). To examine the reproducibility of these findings, we conducted blinded review of @entity1710 and @entity1711 slides of 46 additional @entity7041 -negative @entity2108 using a 0 to 3 scoring system to predict likelihood of @entity17968 rearrangement, the results of which correlated strongly with subsequent findings by fluorescence in situ hybridization (P<0.0001). Although all @entity2108 share certain morphologic features, @entity2108 with @entity17968 rearrangements show significant differences from other @entity7041 -negative @entity2108 , typically showing sheets of hallmark cells with doughnut cells and few large pleomorphic cells. These morphologic findings and our previous outcome data suggest that @entity7041 -positive @entity2108 and @entity17968 -rearranged @entity2108 represent prototypical @entity2108 , whereas @entity2108 lacking rearrangements of both @entity17968 and @entity7041 require further study.

title: Morphologic Features of @entity7041 -negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas With XXXX Rearrangements.

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic large cell lymphomas', 'ALCLs']

answer: @entity17968 :: (56940,Gene) :: ['DUSP22']


abstract: Systemic @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ) are classified into @entity7041 -positive and @entity7041 -negative types. We recently reported that @entity7041 -negative @entity2108 are genetically heterogenous. The largest subset, representing 30% of cases, had rearrangements of the @entity17968 locus. These cases had favorable outcomes similar to @entity7041 -positive ALCL, and superior to other @entity7041 -negative @entity2108 . Here, we examined the morphologic features of these cases in more detail. First, we conducted blinded review of @entity1710 and @entity1711 slides of 108 @entity2108 from our previous study, scoring cases for the presence of 3 histologic patterns and 5 cell types. Cases then were unblinded and re-reviewed to understand these features further. @entity17968 -rearranged @entity2108 were more likely than other @entity7041 -negative @entity2108 to have so-called doughnut cells (23% vs. 5%; P=0.039), less likely to have pleomorphic cells (23% vs. 49%; P=0.042), and nearly always (95%) had areas with sheet-like growth (common pattern). To examine the reproducibility of these findings, we conducted blinded review of @entity1710 and @entity1711 slides of 46 additional @entity7041 -negative @entity2108 using a 0 to 3 scoring system to predict likelihood of @entity17968 rearrangement, the results of which correlated strongly with subsequent findings by fluorescence in situ hybridization (P<0.0001). Although all @entity2108 share certain morphologic features, @entity2108 with @entity17968 rearrangements show significant differences from other @entity7041 -negative @entity2108 , typically showing sheets of hallmark cells with doughnut cells and few large pleomorphic cells. These morphologic findings and our previous outcome data suggest that @entity7041 -positive @entity2108 and @entity17968 -rearranged @entity2108 represent prototypical @entity2108 , whereas @entity2108 lacking rearrangements of both @entity17968 and @entity7041 require further study.

title: Morphologic Features of XXXX -negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas With @entity17968 Rearrangements.

answer: @entity7041 :: (238,Gene) :: ['ALK']


abstract: @entity8 at time of diagnosis of @entity3052 is very unusual. We here in report 2 pediatric cases of @entity3052 who had their renal affection as the first presenting symptom with no evidences of blast cells in blood smear and none of classical presentation of @entity3052 . The first case is a 4-year-old @entity1 who presented with @entity10486 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral symmetrical homogenous enlarged kidneys suggestive of infiltration. @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) revealed white blood count 11*10   /L, hemoglobin 8.7g/dL and platelet count 197*10   /L. Bone marrow aspiration was performed, and diagnosed precursor B-cell ALL was made. The @entity1 had an excellent response to modified CCG 1991 standard risk protocol of chemotherapy with sustained remission, but unfortunately relapsed 11 month after the end of therapy. The second @entity1 was 13-month old, presented with pallor, @entity391 , abdominal enlargement, and @entity1458 2 days before admission. Initial @entity1503 showed bicytopenia, elevated blood @entity1133 , @entity1011 , and serum @entity414 , while abdominal ultrasonography revealed @entity8 . Bone marrow examination was done and showed 92% blast of biphenotypic nature. So, @entity1778 with @entity8 and @entity810 was subsequently diagnosed. The @entity1 admitted to ICU and received supportive care and @entity617 . Renal function normalized and chemotherapy was started. The @entity1 achieved complete remission with marked @entity8 but, unfortunately she died from sepsis in consolidation phase of therapy. This case demonstrates an unusual early @entity8 in childhood @entity3052 . Renal involvement of @entity3052 should be considered in @entity1 presenting with unexplained @entity8 with or without @entity8 and bone marrow examination should be included in the workup.

title: Renal Presentation in Pediatric XXXX : Report of 2 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal enlargement', 'reduction of kidney size', 'renal function abnormalities', 'Renal enlargement', 'bilateral renal enlargement']

entities_list: @entity10486 :: ('MESH:D010167', 'Disease') :: ['pallor and abdominal enlargement']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['CBC', 'Complete blood picture']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['biphynotypic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['Acute Leukemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is a common view that consistency and blood supply of @entity977 ( @entity977 ) can influence the surgical effect. The aim of this study was to determine whether MRI signal intensity (SI) was correlated to the consistency or blood supply of @entity4611 . METHODS: Forty eight @entity4611 @entity1 were underwent preoperative MRI, including precontrast and contrast-enhanced (CE) T1-spin echo (T1-SE) imaging, CE-sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts by using different flip angle evolutions (SPACE) imaging, and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI). The @entity5 consistency and blood supply were determined by neurosurgeons. The expression of collagen IV and @entity1758 was detected with immunohistology. The correlation of the relative SI (rSI) values ( @entity5 to normal frontal white matter SI) and PWI data to the @entity5 consistency, blood supply, and the expression level of collagen IV and @entity1758 was statistically studied by Kruskal-Wallis rank test (K-W test). RESULTS: A significant correlation was observed between the @entity5 consistency and the rSI on precontrast T1-SE imaging (P   =   0.004) but not on CE T1-SE and CE SPACE imaging. The expression of collagen IV was also significantly associated with rSI on T1-SE imaging (P   =   0.010). The blood supply was correlated with the relative CBV (rCBV) (P   =   0.030). In addition, the expression of @entity1758 was correlated with rSI of CE T1-SE imaging (P   =   0.007). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that T1-SE imaging may be a simple and useful method for predicting consistency of @entity977 . CBV value can provide helpful information for assessing the blood supply of @entity4611 .

title: Predictive value of PWI for blood supply and T1-spin echo MRI for consistency of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary macroadenoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'pituitary adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: The development of new immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies targeting the @entity4386 or @entity8395 axis has led to a revival of research on immunotherapies in solid @entity5 including @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). The initial results observed with these monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of advanced @entity320 have resulted in considerable interest in this treatment strategy in all @entity5 types. Preliminary data of these new antibodies in advanced @entity1358 are promising and they have good safety profiles. Response rates are low but durable @entity5 control has been observed in some @entity1 . However, at the moment there is no evidence that targeting the @entity4386 or @entity8395 axis provides a substantial clinical benefit compared to established treatment with @entity4149 kinase or @entity3470 inhibitors. There are also no reliable predictive markers. At the moment, several randomised trials have been initiated to investigate the new immunomodulatory antibodies either as single agents or in combination with anti-VEGF targeted therapy. Vaccines have continued to be investigated in advanced and adjuvant settings. No trial has so far established vaccines as a standard treatment in either situation. There are still large randomised trials ongoing investigating the potential benefit of a vaccine in combination with standard @entity4149 kinase inhibitor therapy. In this chapter we will summarise selected studies on immunotherapy in advanced @entity1358 with a focus on anti- @entity8395 , anti- @entity4634 , and anti- @entity4386 antibodies. We will also touch briefly on the adjuvant situation and @entity5 vaccines.

title: Immunotherapies in Early and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Advanced Renal Cell Cancer']


abstract: Ninety-two @entity1 who presented for outpatient dental extractions received @entity3694 (1.5 mg . kg-1, 46 @entity1 ) or @entity4671 (0.3 mg . kg-1, 23 @entity1 and 0.2 mg . kg-1, 23 @entity1 ). The induction characteristics of both drugs such as @entity158 on injection, @entity2358 and respiratory difficulties were comparable and the theoretical disadvantages of @entity4671 for dental anaesthetics did not prove troublesome in practice. Muscle movements did not interfere with the dentists' manipulations and @entity158 on injection into veins of the antecubital fossa did not occur. The duration of operation for up to four extractions was three minutes and, following induction, anaesthesia was maintained with @entity3810 , @entity26 and @entity1508 . Recovery was assessed by grading consciousness, airway control and motor activity. All the @entity1 could maintain their airways one minute after the end of operation. The incidence of @entity1209 was significantly greater in the @entity4671 group.

title: XXXX or @entity4671 for induction of dental anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary muscle movements']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity3694 :: ('MESH:D008723', 'Chemical') :: ['methohexitone']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity3694 :: (MESH:D008723,Chemical) :: ['Methohexitone']


abstract: Ninety-two @entity1 who presented for outpatient dental extractions received @entity3694 (1.5 mg . kg-1, 46 @entity1 ) or @entity4671 (0.3 mg . kg-1, 23 @entity1 and 0.2 mg . kg-1, 23 @entity1 ). The induction characteristics of both drugs such as @entity158 on injection, @entity2358 and respiratory difficulties were comparable and the theoretical disadvantages of @entity4671 for dental anaesthetics did not prove troublesome in practice. Muscle movements did not interfere with the dentists' manipulations and @entity158 on injection into veins of the antecubital fossa did not occur. The duration of operation for up to four extractions was three minutes and, following induction, anaesthesia was maintained with @entity3810 , @entity26 and @entity1508 . Recovery was assessed by grading consciousness, airway control and motor activity. All the @entity1 could maintain their airways one minute after the end of operation. The incidence of @entity1209 was significantly greater in the @entity4671 group.

title: @entity3694 or XXXX for induction of dental anaesthesia.

answer: @entity4671 :: (MESH:D005045,Chemical) :: ['etomidate']


abstract: The frequency of @entity788 is increasing and has surpassed that of @entity5 . Lesions are more common in the head of the gland than in the body and tail. @entity5 tend to be localized and are associated with a better prognosis. The majority of @entity5 are hard and demonstrate a prominent @entity2269 . They present as ill-defined masses which makes their differentiation from chronic @entity788 difficult. Duct cell @entity420 constitute 75% of all @entity5 of the pancreas. Some of the uncommon types include @entity7468 , @entity1962 , @entity4347 and @entity3981 . The role of open biopsy in diagnosing @entity788 remains controversial. Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration cytology appears promising. The technique is safe and inexpensive but needs an experienced cytopathologist to interpret the results accurately.

title: The pathological features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the pancreas', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Smaller tumours', 'cancers', 'cancer of the stomach', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['acinar cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic reaction']

entities_list: @entity4347 :: ('MESH:D018282', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: Inasmuch as @entity14948 do not occur frequently, a preadolescent or early adolescent @entity1 who has persistent complaints of @entity158 with peroneal or anterior tibial muscle @entity2473 warrants special evaluation. The @entity1 may complain of becoming easily tired or report the onset of @entity158 with increased activity. Clinical examination may reveal local tenderness over the area of the coalition, but this is not a consistent finding. Restricted inversion of the foot with @entity2473 of the peroneals, forefoot abduction or pronation should alert the examining physician that a @entity8214 may be present. Appropriate roentgenograms examining all of the possibly involved joints should be obtained. These include 45 degrees oblique views of the foot, which usually give a satisfactory view of the @entity8212 joint. Coalitions may occur in any of the facets of the talocalcaneal joint and therefore all facets must be evaluated. The anatomic location of the facets can be variable and multiple-angle axial views may be required. We recommend a 45 degrees axial view to visualize the posterior and middle facets, since they are normally parallel in the axial view. If @entity82 are present, the middle facet may be oblique. Tomography is necessary to visualize the anterior facet or to confirm a coalition either in the middle or in the posterior facets.

title: XXXX : review of the literature and case report of bilateral dual @entity8212 and @entity14948 .

entities_list: @entity8214 :: ('MESH:C536943', 'Disease') :: ['tarsal coalition']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous coalitions']

entities_list: @entity8212 :: ('MESH:C538156', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneonavicular']

entities_list: @entity14948 :: ('MESH:C536895', 'Disease') :: ['midfoot coalitions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful flat foot', 'pain']

answer: @entity8214 :: (MESH:C536943,Disease) :: ['Tarsal coalitions']


abstract: Inasmuch as @entity14948 do not occur frequently, a preadolescent or early adolescent @entity1 who has persistent complaints of @entity158 with peroneal or anterior tibial muscle @entity2473 warrants special evaluation. The @entity1 may complain of becoming easily tired or report the onset of @entity158 with increased activity. Clinical examination may reveal local tenderness over the area of the coalition, but this is not a consistent finding. Restricted inversion of the foot with @entity2473 of the peroneals, forefoot abduction or pronation should alert the examining physician that a @entity8214 may be present. Appropriate roentgenograms examining all of the possibly involved joints should be obtained. These include 45 degrees oblique views of the foot, which usually give a satisfactory view of the @entity8212 joint. Coalitions may occur in any of the facets of the talocalcaneal joint and therefore all facets must be evaluated. The anatomic location of the facets can be variable and multiple-angle axial views may be required. We recommend a 45 degrees axial view to visualize the posterior and middle facets, since they are normally parallel in the axial view. If @entity82 are present, the middle facet may be oblique. Tomography is necessary to visualize the anterior facet or to confirm a coalition either in the middle or in the posterior facets.

title: @entity8214 : review of the literature and case report of bilateral dual @entity8212 and XXXX .

answer: @entity14948 :: (MESH:C536895,Disease) :: ['talocalcaneal coalitions']


abstract: Inasmuch as @entity14948 do not occur frequently, a preadolescent or early adolescent @entity1 who has persistent complaints of @entity158 with peroneal or anterior tibial muscle @entity2473 warrants special evaluation. The @entity1 may complain of becoming easily tired or report the onset of @entity158 with increased activity. Clinical examination may reveal local tenderness over the area of the coalition, but this is not a consistent finding. Restricted inversion of the foot with @entity2473 of the peroneals, forefoot abduction or pronation should alert the examining physician that a @entity8214 may be present. Appropriate roentgenograms examining all of the possibly involved joints should be obtained. These include 45 degrees oblique views of the foot, which usually give a satisfactory view of the @entity8212 joint. Coalitions may occur in any of the facets of the talocalcaneal joint and therefore all facets must be evaluated. The anatomic location of the facets can be variable and multiple-angle axial views may be required. We recommend a 45 degrees axial view to visualize the posterior and middle facets, since they are normally parallel in the axial view. If @entity82 are present, the middle facet may be oblique. Tomography is necessary to visualize the anterior facet or to confirm a coalition either in the middle or in the posterior facets.

title: @entity8214 : review of the literature and case report of bilateral dual XXXX and @entity14948 .

answer: @entity8212 :: (MESH:C538156,Disease) :: ['calcaneonavicular']


abstract: Two-dimensional echocardiographic studies have shown that maximum long-axis systolic aortic cusp separation (MACS) represents a useful, noninvasive method for estimating severity of @entity340 in adults. Although mean values for @entity1 with mild, moderate, and severe @entity472 have been clearly separated by this method, overlap occurs among individual @entity1 . In this study, 81 adults with @entity472 were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography in the long-axis view. Long-axis assessment of @entity472 was obtainable in 93 percent of the @entity1 . Less than 8-mm separation was 97 percent predictive of severe @entity850 and 100 percent predictive of moderate or severe @entity850 . Eight- to 12-mm had a low predictive value for the severity of @entity850 . Greater than 12-mm separation was 96 percent predictive of mild @entity472 . @entity851 scans were attempted in 61 of the 81 subjects. Short axis assessment of @entity472 based on patterns of leaflet motion was obtainable in 46 of the 61 @entity1 (73 percent) and provided a valuable index of severity. When @entity851 scans were included in the assessment of severity in the subgroup of @entity1 with 8- to 12-mm MACS, the predictive value improved greatly (86 percent vs 46 percent). Direct recording of aortic valve area in @entity851 was successful in only 13 percent of the subjects. The echo aortic valve area compared with the hemodynamic calculated aortic valve area yielded an r = 0.87.

title: Reliability of two-dimensional echocardiography in assessing the severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Short-axis', 'short-axis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular aortic stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cancer stem cell (CSC) markers could serve as potential prognostic procedure. This study is aimed to investigate the local expression of @entity15738 ( @entity15738 ) and @entity15739 in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) at both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) level, followed by providing a comparison of the local and circulating expression pattern of these markers, based on our present and previous study. The mRNA expression level of @entity15738 and @entity15739 was evaluated using comparative real-time PCR method applying 58 fresh @entity5 tissues and their correspondent normal margins. Immunohistochemistry was applied to analyze the protein expression level of @entity15738 and @entity15739 in paraffin-embedded @entity14 tissues. The correlation of @entity15738 and @entity15739 expression pattern with clinicopathological characteristics was assessed. A higher mRNA expression level of @entity15738 (3.28-fold change, p   <   0.001) and @entity15739 (2.29-fold change, p   <   0.001) was observed in @entity14 fresh tissues compared to the normal adjacent margins, and the expression level was higher in @entity1 with higher grade and stages of disease and @entity1 who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The protein expression level of @entity15738 and @entity15739 was also increased significantly in @entity5 tissues compared to normal colon tissues which were positively correlated to @entity5 stage and grade and neoadjuvant CRT. Taken together, the results of protein analysis were in accordance with mRNA assessment. The local expression pattern of @entity15738 and @entity15739 was also in accordance with their expression level in circulation. However, some minor inconsistencies were observed which may be attributed to several factors including the possible effect of CRT on CSC reprogramming.

title: A new insight into @entity5 stem cell markers: Could local and circulating @entity5 stem cell markers correlate in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity15738 :: ('9201', 'Gene') :: ['doublecortin-like kinase 1', 'DCLK1']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer tissues']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cancer stem cell (CSC) markers could serve as potential prognostic procedure. This study is aimed to investigate the local expression of @entity15738 ( @entity15738 ) and @entity15739 in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) at both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) level, followed by providing a comparison of the local and circulating expression pattern of these markers, based on our present and previous study. The mRNA expression level of @entity15738 and @entity15739 was evaluated using comparative real-time PCR method applying 58 fresh @entity5 tissues and their correspondent normal margins. Immunohistochemistry was applied to analyze the protein expression level of @entity15738 and @entity15739 in paraffin-embedded @entity14 tissues. The correlation of @entity15738 and @entity15739 expression pattern with clinicopathological characteristics was assessed. A higher mRNA expression level of @entity15738 (3.28-fold change, p   <   0.001) and @entity15739 (2.29-fold change, p   <   0.001) was observed in @entity14 fresh tissues compared to the normal adjacent margins, and the expression level was higher in @entity1 with higher grade and stages of disease and @entity1 who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The protein expression level of @entity15738 and @entity15739 was also increased significantly in @entity5 tissues compared to normal colon tissues which were positively correlated to @entity5 stage and grade and neoadjuvant CRT. Taken together, the results of protein analysis were in accordance with mRNA assessment. The local expression pattern of @entity15738 and @entity15739 was also in accordance with their expression level in circulation. However, some minor inconsistencies were observed which may be attributed to several factors including the possible effect of CRT on CSC reprogramming.

title: A new insight into XXXX stem cell markers: Could local and circulating @entity5 stem cell markers correlate in @entity14 ?

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cancer stem cell (CSC) markers could serve as potential prognostic procedure. This study is aimed to investigate the local expression of @entity15738 ( @entity15738 ) and @entity15739 in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) at both protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) level, followed by providing a comparison of the local and circulating expression pattern of these markers, based on our present and previous study. The mRNA expression level of @entity15738 and @entity15739 was evaluated using comparative real-time PCR method applying 58 fresh @entity5 tissues and their correspondent normal margins. Immunohistochemistry was applied to analyze the protein expression level of @entity15738 and @entity15739 in paraffin-embedded @entity14 tissues. The correlation of @entity15738 and @entity15739 expression pattern with clinicopathological characteristics was assessed. A higher mRNA expression level of @entity15738 (3.28-fold change, p   <   0.001) and @entity15739 (2.29-fold change, p   <   0.001) was observed in @entity14 fresh tissues compared to the normal adjacent margins, and the expression level was higher in @entity1 with higher grade and stages of disease and @entity1 who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The protein expression level of @entity15738 and @entity15739 was also increased significantly in @entity5 tissues compared to normal colon tissues which were positively correlated to @entity5 stage and grade and neoadjuvant CRT. Taken together, the results of protein analysis were in accordance with mRNA assessment. The local expression pattern of @entity15738 and @entity15739 was also in accordance with their expression level in circulation. However, some minor inconsistencies were observed which may be attributed to several factors including the possible effect of CRT on CSC reprogramming.

title: A new insight into @entity5 stem cell markers: Could local and circulating XXXX stem cell markers correlate in @entity14 ?

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: We have studied the effect of T4 itself (i.e. without extrapituitary conversion to T3) on the feedback regulation of pituitary TSH secretion in thyroidectomized @entity35 receiving continuous T4 or T3 replacement. Continuous sc infusion of 1.0 or 2.0 microgram T4/100 g . day in 0.01 N @entity6674 , 20% @entity2771 vehicle failed to maintain the plasma T4 concentration in thyroidectomized @entity35 for more than 48 h, despite the verification of T4 delivery. Continuous sc infusion of 1.0 or 2.0 microgram T4/100 g . day in 0.01 N @entity6674 , 5% rat serum resulted in a dose-dependent elevation in the plasma T4 concentration and inhibition of the postthyroidectomy rise in plasma TSH, in the presence of low plasma T3 concentrations. Mimicking the low plasma T3 concentrations that resulted from T4 infusion by continuous replacement of 280 ng T3/100 g . day failed to inhibit the postthyroidectomy rise in plasma TSH. The pituitary responsiveness to @entity1218 (250 ng/100 g, iv) after 96 h of thyroid hormone infusion was significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited only in the group receiving 2.0 microgram T4/100 g . day. These results indicate that the plasma T4, concentration in addition to that of plasma T3, conveys feedback information to the pituitary. With regard to pituitary TSH secretion, T4 acts as both a prohormone giving rise to a protion of the plasma T3 by peripheral monodeiodination and as a hormone conveying feedback information via the blood to the pituitary.

title: Effect of continuous thyroxine administration on thyrotropin secretion in thyroidectomized XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The criteria that are used at present to diagnose @entity291 's milk protein sensitive enteropathy (CMPSE) are based on an in vivo milk challenge which can be hazardous and life threatening. We have used an organ culture model to determine the usefulness of this technique in establishing the diagnosis of CMPSE on the basis of a single biopsy with in vitro milk challenge. Fourteen @entity1 with @entity294 clinically suspected to have CMPSE were studied prospectively. On the basis of milk challenge studies seven @entity1 had CMPSE. They had clinical reaction to @entity291 's milk with associated histological changes and depression of alkaline phosphatase levels in the jejunal mucosa. In all seven cases parallel changes in alkaline phosphatase levels were noted in the organ culture specimens of initial biopsy subjected to in vitro challenge. The seven control @entity1 tolerated @entity291 's milk and did not have histological changes. The alkaline phosphatase levels were moderately increased in the jejunal mucosa in five of the seven @entity1 . The alkaline phosphatase levels in the organ culture specimens of initial biopsy were increased after in vitro challenge in all seven @entity1 . This study suggests that organ culture methods may be useful in the vitro diagnosis of CMPSE, and also obviate the need for in vivo oral milk challenges and repeated biopsies.

title: In vitro diagnosis of XXXX 's milk protein sensitive enteropathy by organ culture method.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: The association of @entity28271 and @entity1048 has been reported in @entity2835 and, more rarely, in other forms of @entity409 . The prevalence of @entity1048 and its relationship to @entity28271 is unknown. In this prospective study, we have determined the prevalence of @entity1048 and @entity28271 in 74 @entity1 with @entity2835 and 54 with other forms of @entity409 . Clubbing was present in 24% of @entity1 with @entity2835 , 29% with HBsAg negative @entity3619 , and 23% in the group of miscellaneous @entity409 . Symmetrical @entity1048 affecting the tibiae and fibulae occurred in 35% of @entity1 with @entity2835 , 29% with chronic, active @entity99 and 40% of @entity1 in the miscellaneous group. The distal radii and ulnae were affected in only eight @entity1 (6%). In @entity2835 , the presence of @entity28271 was strongly associated with @entity1048 (P less than 0.01), but this association was uncommon in other forms of @entity409 . In all forms of @entity409 @entity1048 commonly occurs in the absence of @entity28271 . Marked tenderness over the distal leg bones is a reliable sign of underlying @entity1048 , but this sign is present in only a third of affected @entity1 . This study indicates that @entity1048 affecting the lower leg bones is common in @entity1 with @entity409 , and its presence should be sought whether or not the @entity1 has @entity28271 .

title: Prospective study of @entity1048 and @entity28271 in @entity2835 and other forms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity28271 :: ('MESH:D010005', 'Disease') :: ['finger clubbing']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1048 :: ('MESH:D010522', 'Disease') :: ['periostitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['chronic liver disease']


abstract: The association of @entity28271 and @entity1048 has been reported in @entity2835 and, more rarely, in other forms of @entity409 . The prevalence of @entity1048 and its relationship to @entity28271 is unknown. In this prospective study, we have determined the prevalence of @entity1048 and @entity28271 in 74 @entity1 with @entity2835 and 54 with other forms of @entity409 . Clubbing was present in 24% of @entity1 with @entity2835 , 29% with HBsAg negative @entity3619 , and 23% in the group of miscellaneous @entity409 . Symmetrical @entity1048 affecting the tibiae and fibulae occurred in 35% of @entity1 with @entity2835 , 29% with chronic, active @entity99 and 40% of @entity1 in the miscellaneous group. The distal radii and ulnae were affected in only eight @entity1 (6%). In @entity2835 , the presence of @entity28271 was strongly associated with @entity1048 (P less than 0.01), but this association was uncommon in other forms of @entity409 . In all forms of @entity409 @entity1048 commonly occurs in the absence of @entity28271 . Marked tenderness over the distal leg bones is a reliable sign of underlying @entity1048 , but this sign is present in only a third of affected @entity1 . This study indicates that @entity1048 affecting the lower leg bones is common in @entity1 with @entity409 , and its presence should be sought whether or not the @entity1 has @entity28271 .

title: Prospective study of @entity1048 and XXXX in @entity2835 and other forms of @entity409 .

answer: @entity28271 :: (MESH:D010005,Disease) :: ['finger clubbing']


abstract: The association of @entity28271 and @entity1048 has been reported in @entity2835 and, more rarely, in other forms of @entity409 . The prevalence of @entity1048 and its relationship to @entity28271 is unknown. In this prospective study, we have determined the prevalence of @entity1048 and @entity28271 in 74 @entity1 with @entity2835 and 54 with other forms of @entity409 . Clubbing was present in 24% of @entity1 with @entity2835 , 29% with HBsAg negative @entity3619 , and 23% in the group of miscellaneous @entity409 . Symmetrical @entity1048 affecting the tibiae and fibulae occurred in 35% of @entity1 with @entity2835 , 29% with chronic, active @entity99 and 40% of @entity1 in the miscellaneous group. The distal radii and ulnae were affected in only eight @entity1 (6%). In @entity2835 , the presence of @entity28271 was strongly associated with @entity1048 (P less than 0.01), but this association was uncommon in other forms of @entity409 . In all forms of @entity409 @entity1048 commonly occurs in the absence of @entity28271 . Marked tenderness over the distal leg bones is a reliable sign of underlying @entity1048 , but this sign is present in only a third of affected @entity1 . This study indicates that @entity1048 affecting the lower leg bones is common in @entity1 with @entity409 , and its presence should be sought whether or not the @entity1 has @entity28271 .

title: Prospective study of XXXX and @entity28271 in @entity2835 and other forms of @entity409 .

answer: @entity1048 :: (MESH:D010522,Disease) :: ['periostitis']


abstract: The association of @entity28271 and @entity1048 has been reported in @entity2835 and, more rarely, in other forms of @entity409 . The prevalence of @entity1048 and its relationship to @entity28271 is unknown. In this prospective study, we have determined the prevalence of @entity1048 and @entity28271 in 74 @entity1 with @entity2835 and 54 with other forms of @entity409 . Clubbing was present in 24% of @entity1 with @entity2835 , 29% with HBsAg negative @entity3619 , and 23% in the group of miscellaneous @entity409 . Symmetrical @entity1048 affecting the tibiae and fibulae occurred in 35% of @entity1 with @entity2835 , 29% with chronic, active @entity99 and 40% of @entity1 in the miscellaneous group. The distal radii and ulnae were affected in only eight @entity1 (6%). In @entity2835 , the presence of @entity28271 was strongly associated with @entity1048 (P less than 0.01), but this association was uncommon in other forms of @entity409 . In all forms of @entity409 @entity1048 commonly occurs in the absence of @entity28271 . Marked tenderness over the distal leg bones is a reliable sign of underlying @entity1048 , but this sign is present in only a third of affected @entity1 . This study indicates that @entity1048 affecting the lower leg bones is common in @entity1 with @entity409 , and its presence should be sought whether or not the @entity1 has @entity28271 .

title: Prospective study of @entity1048 and @entity28271 in XXXX and other forms of @entity409 .

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: @entity794 delta-toxin bound avidly to agarose gels containing @entity15060 , @entity45099 , or @entity6567 ligands, but less so to agarose with @entity23132 groups. @entity3367 with @entity22041 or @entity9010 moieties did not bind any more toxin than did agarose without attached ligands. About 10% of the applied toxin preparation did not bind to gels and eluted with the starting buffer. The nonadsorbed material was not hemolytic, did not react with anti-delta-toxin immunoglobulin G, and did not appear to be a peptide. Toxin bound to @entity4364 was not eluted with water, solutions containing chaotropic ions or @entity10977 , or by increasing the pH, but was eluted with 50% @entity1068 . The @entity1068 -eluted delta-toxin (EEDT) was soluble in water, @entity1068 , 10% @entity969 , or 6 M @entity1133 , but was poorly soluble in aqueous salt solutions at neutral pH. Regardless of whether the soluble or insoluble form of delta-toxin was applied to the gel, the resultant EEDT fraction was water soluble. The hemolytic activity of EEDT was markedly reduced when assayed in saline, but was the same as that of the original toxin preparation when assayed in isotonic @entity969 . A significant portion of EEDT, when rechromatographed on @entity4364 , did not bind to the gel. This unbound fraction may represent toxin aggregates in which the hydrophobic regions of the toxin monomers are interiorized within the aggregates.

title: Hydrophobic interaction chromatography of XXXX delta-toxin.

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity4364 :: ('MESH:C020927', 'Chemical') :: ['phenyl-Sepharose']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: The effect of @entity107 ( @entity108 ) on the aquarium fish, Lebistes reticulatus (guppy) has been investigated. The aquarium water contained 10 to 200 parts per million of NDEA. The LC50/30 for NDEA was 100 ppm. Sub-chronic experiments were carried out using 25 and 50 ppm for 90 days. The liver alterations were investigated morphologically. Initially, @entity39 of hepatic cells, disorientation of hepatic structure and cyst-formation appeared. The @entity179 were followed by multiple foci of regenerating hepatic cells. In the later period of the experiment, hyperplastic nodules of hepatocytes, cholangiofibrosis, @entity10923 , @entity157 could be observed in the treated animals. The following conclusions have been reached: 1. Aquarium fish can be used as a model for short-term, in vivo carcinogenesis experiments. 2. Lebistes reticulatus is a suitable strain for use as a positive control with NDEA. 3. With this model, the process of carcinogenesis can be followed histologically. 4. The process is irreversible and some of its features may be used as an early indicator in the screening of possible carcinogenic substances.

title: Hepatic lesions in Lebistes reticulatus induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse necrosis']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitrosodiethylamine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lesions']

entities_list: @entity10923 :: ('MESH:D002759', 'Disease') :: ['cystic cholangiomas']

answer: @entity107 :: (MESH:D004052,Chemical) :: ['N-nitrosodiethylamine']


abstract: @entity5849 is a common gynecological condition which usually presents with symptoms of acute abdomen. During the period 1976 to 1978, 152 cases of ectopic pregnancy were treated in our department. About one ectopic pregnancy was treated for every 100 @entity1 delivered. Most of the cases were seen during summer time. Of the @entity1 43% were between 26 to 30 years of age. From their previous history, 47% reported one or more terminations of pregnancy and 33% recurrence of @entity697 . The majority of the ectopic pregnancies were located in the tube. Abdominal pregnancy was observed in three @entity1 , one of whom delivered, with the aid of laparotomy, a live @entity1 . All the @entity1 reported @entity2371 , whereas @entity1457 appeared in only 23% of the cases. Culdocentesis gave false negative results in 14.15% of the cases. Preoperative diagnosis was based on laparoscopy in 28 cases. Dilatation and curettage (D and C) with endometrial biopsy disclosed decidual endometrium without chorionic villi in 37% and @entity9528 cells in 68% of cases. Salpingectomy was performed in 52% of the cases, and plastic surgery of the tube in 16%.

title: XXXX : outcome of 152 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute salpingitis']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['Ectopic pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity9528 :: ('MESH:D005878', 'Disease') :: ['Arias-Stella']

answer: @entity5849 :: (MESH:D011271,Disease) :: ['Ectopic pregnancy']


abstract: The effect of maternal @entity2245 deficiency on the morphological changes in the dendritic growth of Purkinje cells of progeny was studied at four different ages (12, 15, 21, and 50 days) of postnatal development. By day 10, @entity35 pups in the deficient groups (0.6 or 1.0 mg @entity2764 . @entity5828 /kg diet) began to show gross @entity16 and before weaning approximately 12% of the pups in the 0.6 group had died. At each age studied, body weights were less and brain-body weight ratios were greater in the deficient groups compared to control (7.0 mg @entity2764 . @entity5828 /kg diet) groups. Morphological changes of the Purkinje cell dendritic field, as determined from camera lucida drawings of Golgi-Cox impregnated cells of the mid-sagittal vermis, indicated significantly smaller width, height and area in the deficient groups compared to the control. Stereological measurements showed that dendritic branching density was significantly less in the 0.6 group compared with the 1.0 and 7.0 groups. The total length of Purkinje cell dendrites per cell was significantly reduced in the deficient groups compared to the 7.0 group. Qualitative analyses of photomicrographs of Purkinje cells indicated more dendritic and somatic aberrations in the deficient groups than in the control. Dendritic trees were larger in size and more complex in the 7.0 group compared to the deficient groups. The findings indicate that maternal @entity2245 deficiency interferes with normal development of the Purkinje cell dendrites.

title: Effects of XXXX deficiency on morphological changes in dendritic trees of Purkinje cells in developing cerebellum of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2764 :: ('MESH:D011736', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms of the deficiency']

answer: @entity2245 :: (MESH:D025101,Chemical) :: ['vitamin B-6']


abstract: The effect of maternal @entity2245 deficiency on the morphological changes in the dendritic growth of Purkinje cells of progeny was studied at four different ages (12, 15, 21, and 50 days) of postnatal development. By day 10, @entity35 pups in the deficient groups (0.6 or 1.0 mg @entity2764 . @entity5828 /kg diet) began to show gross @entity16 and before weaning approximately 12% of the pups in the 0.6 group had died. At each age studied, body weights were less and brain-body weight ratios were greater in the deficient groups compared to control (7.0 mg @entity2764 . @entity5828 /kg diet) groups. Morphological changes of the Purkinje cell dendritic field, as determined from camera lucida drawings of Golgi-Cox impregnated cells of the mid-sagittal vermis, indicated significantly smaller width, height and area in the deficient groups compared to the control. Stereological measurements showed that dendritic branching density was significantly less in the 0.6 group compared with the 1.0 and 7.0 groups. The total length of Purkinje cell dendrites per cell was significantly reduced in the deficient groups compared to the 7.0 group. Qualitative analyses of photomicrographs of Purkinje cells indicated more dendritic and somatic aberrations in the deficient groups than in the control. Dendritic trees were larger in size and more complex in the 7.0 group compared to the deficient groups. The findings indicate that maternal @entity2245 deficiency interferes with normal development of the Purkinje cell dendrites.

title: Effects of @entity2245 deficiency on morphological changes in dendritic trees of Purkinje cells in developing cerebellum of XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) is characterized by relative preservation of the medial temporal lobe compared with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The differential involvement of the hippocampal subfields in both diseases has not been clearly established, however. We aim to investigate hippocampal subfield differences in  vivo in a clinical cohort of @entity1832 and @entity195 subjects. METHODS: 104 @entity1 (35 DLBs, 36 ADs, and 35 healthy comparison [HC] subjects) underwent clinical assessment and 3T T1-weighted imaging. A Bayesian model implemented in Freesurfer was used to automatically segment the hippocampus and its subfields. We also examined associations between hippocampal subfields and tests of memory function. RESULTS: Both the @entity195 and @entity1832 groups demonstrated significant atrophy of the total hippocampus relative to HC but the @entity1832 group was characterized by preservation of the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), fimbria, and fissure. In contrast, all the hippocampal subfields except the fissure were significantly atrophied in @entity195 compared with both @entity1832 and HC groups. Among @entity1832 subjects, CA1 was correlated with the Recent Memory score of the CAMCOG and Delayed Recall subscores of the HVLT. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1832 is characterized by milder hippocampal atrophy that was accompanied by preservation of the CA1. The CA1 was also associated with memory function in @entity1832 . Our findings highlight the promising role of hippocampal subfield volumetry, particularly that of the CA1, as a biomarker for the distinction between @entity195 and @entity1832 .

title: Differential Atrophy of Hippocampal Subfields: A Comparative Study of Dementia with Lewy Bodies and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['DLB', 'Dementia with Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer Disease']


abstract: @entity5 account for 0.7-1.8% of all gynecologic @entity5 . Among them, @entity43 are predominant (40-53%). @entity1 with @entity5 have better prognosis than those with single disseminated @entity5 . We present 10 @entity1 with @entity43 who were treated at the Chemotherapy Department of the Medical University of Lodz in 2009-2013. The most often reported symptom of the disease was @entity3556 (6 @entity1 ). The range of the @entity1 ' age was 48-62 and the median age was 56. Five @entity1 had stage I of @entity43 , single @entity1 had stage IIA, IIB and IIIB, 2 @entity1 had stage IIIC. Three @entity1 had I, 5 - II, and 2 - III stage of @entity1204 . All @entity1 had endometrioid type of @entity1204 , 7 of them had also the same histological type of @entity43 . All @entity1 had adjuvant chemotherapy because of @entity43 , none of them had adjuvant radiotherapy. One @entity1 was lost to follow up. For other @entity1 a median follow up was 13 months (range: 3-53 months). One @entity1 experienced relapse, all @entity1 are alive. @entity43 are usually diagnosed at an earlier stage, have lower histological grade and better prognosis than @entity5 . The most common histological type of both @entity43 is @entity4348 . The first symptoms reported by our @entity1 and the course of the disease were concordant with data from the literature.

title: Synchronous primary XXXX : a series of cases and a review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial and ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer', 'synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancers', 'Synchronous ovarian and endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous cancers', 'Synchronous cancers', 'single cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian and endometrial cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2794 following @entity131 ( @entity131 ) sustained in military service, while common, is highly challenging to treat with existing pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions and may be complicated by co-morbid posttraumatic stress. Recently, a novel form of brainwave-based intervention known as the Flexyx Neurotherapy System (FNS) that involves minute pulses of electromagnetic energy stimulation of brainwave activity has been suggested as a means to address symptoms of @entity131 . This study reports on a clinical series of @entity1 with @entity2794 following service-connected @entity131 treated with FNS. METHODS: Nine veterans of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq with moderate to severe @entity2794 following service-connected @entity131 and complicated by posttraumatic stress symptoms were treated in 20 individual FNS sessions at the Brain Wellness and Biofeedback Center of Washington (in Bethesda, Maryland, USA). They periodically completed measures including the Brief Pain Inventory-Headache (BPI-HA) past week worst and average @entity158 ratings, the @entity1005 Checklist-Military version ( @entity4351 -M), and individual treatment session numerical rating scale (NRS) for degree of @entity73 . Data analyses included beginning to end of treatment t-test comparisons for the BPI-HA, @entity4351 -M, and @entity73 NRS. RESULTS: All beginning to end of treatment t-test comparisons for the BPI-HA, @entity4351 -M, and @entity73 NRS indicated statistically significant decreases. All but one @entity1 experienced reduction in @entity10 along with reductions in posttraumatic stress and perceived @entity73 , with a subset experiencing virtual elimination of @entity10 . One @entity1 obtained modest @entity10 relief but no improvement in posttraumatic stress or @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: FNS may be a potentially efficacious treatment for chronic @entity10 sustained in military service. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of FNS within a randomized, controlled clinical trial, to identify characteristics of those most likely to respond, and to explore underlying mechanisms that may contribute to improvement.

title: Neurotherapy for @entity2794 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic Stress Disorder']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headaches', 'chronic headache', 'Chronic headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic headache', 'headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2794 following @entity131 ( @entity131 ) sustained in military service, while common, is highly challenging to treat with existing pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions and may be complicated by co-morbid posttraumatic stress. Recently, a novel form of brainwave-based intervention known as the Flexyx Neurotherapy System (FNS) that involves minute pulses of electromagnetic energy stimulation of brainwave activity has been suggested as a means to address symptoms of @entity131 . This study reports on a clinical series of @entity1 with @entity2794 following service-connected @entity131 treated with FNS. METHODS: Nine veterans of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq with moderate to severe @entity2794 following service-connected @entity131 and complicated by posttraumatic stress symptoms were treated in 20 individual FNS sessions at the Brain Wellness and Biofeedback Center of Washington (in Bethesda, Maryland, USA). They periodically completed measures including the Brief Pain Inventory-Headache (BPI-HA) past week worst and average @entity158 ratings, the @entity1005 Checklist-Military version ( @entity4351 -M), and individual treatment session numerical rating scale (NRS) for degree of @entity73 . Data analyses included beginning to end of treatment t-test comparisons for the BPI-HA, @entity4351 -M, and @entity73 NRS. RESULTS: All beginning to end of treatment t-test comparisons for the BPI-HA, @entity4351 -M, and @entity73 NRS indicated statistically significant decreases. All but one @entity1 experienced reduction in @entity10 along with reductions in posttraumatic stress and perceived @entity73 , with a subset experiencing virtual elimination of @entity10 . One @entity1 obtained modest @entity10 relief but no improvement in posttraumatic stress or @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: FNS may be a potentially efficacious treatment for chronic @entity10 sustained in military service. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of FNS within a randomized, controlled clinical trial, to identify characteristics of those most likely to respond, and to explore underlying mechanisms that may contribute to improvement.

title: Neurotherapy for XXXX following @entity131 .

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['chronic headache']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The functional outcome following @entity2650 repair is as important as the cosmetic outcome. Currently, structured scoring systems, @entity1 questionnaires and evaluations of photographs and uroflowmetry are used to assess the results of @entity2650 repair. In the present study, we assessed the outcomes of two-stage @entity2650 repair using Hypospadias Objective Scoring Evaluation-HOSE and measures of uroflowmetry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Over a period of eight years, from January 1997 to December 2004, 126 @entity2650 @entity1 were treated, 90 of these @entity1 received two-stage repairs and 36 @entity1 received single-stage repairs. HOSE questionnaire and uroflowmetry data were obtained to evaluate the long-term outcome of the two-stage @entity2650 repairs. RESULTS: The age at the time of assessment ranged from 8 to 23 years-old, with a mean follow-up time of 39.78 months. Thirty-five @entity1 had @entity4094 , and 20 had @entity2650 . Of the 55 @entity1 who received complete two-stage @entity2650 repair and agreed to participate in the study, nineteen @entity1 had acceptable HOSE scores and 36 @entity1 had non-acceptable scores. The uroflow rates of 43 of the subjects were below the fifth percentile in three @entity1 , equivocal (between the 5(th) and 25(th) percentile) in four @entity1 and above the 25(th) percentile in 36 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Two-stage repair is a suitable technique for all types of @entity2650 with varying outcomes. HOSE and uroflowmetry are simple, easy, non-invasive and non-expensive tools for objectively assessing the long-term outcomes of @entity2650 repair.

title: Cosmetic and functional outcomes of two-stage XXXX repair: an objective scoring evaluation and uroflowmetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['proximal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['distal hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity9186 (AO) can be used as a routine procedure in a physician's office to detect sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation in @entity1 with varicoceles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with a mean age of 30.4 years, who had been diagnosed with varicoceles by physical examination and 30 healthy males with a mean age of 28.3 years and without any signs of varicoceles were included in this study. Doppler Ultrasonography was performed to each individual in addition to physical examination. Semen analyses were performed by the same biologist. Sperm morphology was evaluated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and Kruger's strict criteria. After routine semen analysis, the samples were fixed separately for further examination with AO staining. RESULTS: In routine semen analyses, total sperm count, total motile sperm count, and fast direct forward motile and direct forward motile sperm counts were significantly lower in @entity1 with varicoceles, and the immotile sperm count was significantly higher in @entity1 with varicoceles compared to the control group. Kruger's examination revealed a lower sperm count with normal morphology in @entity1 with varicoceles. After AO staining, the ratio of spermatozoa demonstrating red and green coloration were 6.5  11.0% and 93.5  11.0%, respectively in the varicocele group and 1.0  1.0% and 99.0  1.0%, respectively in the control group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Semen analysis using AO staining can be performed under a clinician's office conditions with a fluorescent microscope without any additional equipment. Further studies are needed to validate the AO staining with more extensively used and well-known methods. Therefore, AO staining can be used as a simple and reliable method that can be performed daily in a physician's office in @entity249 and andrology clinics.

title: The effect of varicocele on sperm morphology and DNA maturity: does XXXX staining facilitate diagnosis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity9186 :: ('MESH:D000165', 'Chemical') :: ['Acridine Orange']

answer: @entity9186 :: (MESH:D000165,Chemical) :: ['acridine orange']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of single-session aspiration and @entity1068 sclerotherapy with laparoscopic de-roofing in the management of symptomatic @entity8 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between March 2010 and December 2012, @entity1 with @entity8 presenting with pressure and @entity158 symptoms were divided into two groups. In Group 1 following local anesthetic administration, single session percutaneous aspiration with 95% @entity1068 sclerotherapy (n=38) and in Group 2 transperitoneal laparoscopic de-roofing under general anesthesia (n=42) were performed. The data were evaluated retrospectively and demographic characteristics, duration of operation and hospitalization, complication rates, cost effectiveness, radiological and symptomatic success rates at six month- follow-up were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean age and gender of the @entity1 , cyst diamater, side and localization of the cyst and indications for intervention were similar in two groups. The median course of treatment and hospitalization were signifcantly decreased in Group 1 (respectively 33 min versus 59 min and 6 hours versus 24 hours, p<0.001). As complications in Group 1 fever in two @entity1 (5.3%) and in Group 2 bleeding requiring transfusion in one @entity1 (2.4%) were observed (p=0.495). Total cost was calculated as   131.7 in Group 1 and   729.8 in Group 2. After the sixth month follow-up control radiological success rates were found to be signifcantly higher in Group 2, while symptomatic success rate is similar in both groups (63.2% versus 95.2%, p<0.001; 94.7% versus 97.6%, p=0.498, respectively). CONCLUSION: Single-session percutaneous aspiration with @entity285 sclerotherapy and laparoscopic de-roofing are safe and effective methods in the treatment of symptomatic @entity8 . While radiological recurrence rate was higher in single session percutaneous aspiration with @entity285 sclerotherapy, however similar symptomatic recurrence rates were seen with laparoscopy. Therefore single session percutaneous aspiration combined with @entity285 sclerotherapy seems to be an important option in the treatment of @entity8 when considering the duration of the operation, hospitalization and total costs of the process.

title: Comparison of single-session aspiration and @entity1068 sclerotherapy with laparoscopic de-roofing in the management of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['simple renal cysts']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['simple renal cysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of single-session aspiration and @entity1068 sclerotherapy with laparoscopic de-roofing in the management of symptomatic @entity8 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between March 2010 and December 2012, @entity1 with @entity8 presenting with pressure and @entity158 symptoms were divided into two groups. In Group 1 following local anesthetic administration, single session percutaneous aspiration with 95% @entity1068 sclerotherapy (n=38) and in Group 2 transperitoneal laparoscopic de-roofing under general anesthesia (n=42) were performed. The data were evaluated retrospectively and demographic characteristics, duration of operation and hospitalization, complication rates, cost effectiveness, radiological and symptomatic success rates at six month- follow-up were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean age and gender of the @entity1 , cyst diamater, side and localization of the cyst and indications for intervention were similar in two groups. The median course of treatment and hospitalization were signifcantly decreased in Group 1 (respectively 33 min versus 59 min and 6 hours versus 24 hours, p<0.001). As complications in Group 1 fever in two @entity1 (5.3%) and in Group 2 bleeding requiring transfusion in one @entity1 (2.4%) were observed (p=0.495). Total cost was calculated as   131.7 in Group 1 and   729.8 in Group 2. After the sixth month follow-up control radiological success rates were found to be signifcantly higher in Group 2, while symptomatic success rate is similar in both groups (63.2% versus 95.2%, p<0.001; 94.7% versus 97.6%, p=0.498, respectively). CONCLUSION: Single-session percutaneous aspiration with @entity285 sclerotherapy and laparoscopic de-roofing are safe and effective methods in the treatment of symptomatic @entity8 . While radiological recurrence rate was higher in single session percutaneous aspiration with @entity285 sclerotherapy, however similar symptomatic recurrence rates were seen with laparoscopy. Therefore single session percutaneous aspiration combined with @entity285 sclerotherapy seems to be an important option in the treatment of @entity8 when considering the duration of the operation, hospitalization and total costs of the process.

title: Comparison of single-session aspiration and XXXX sclerotherapy with laparoscopic de-roofing in the management of symptomatic @entity8 .

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of multileaf collimator (MLC) design and IMRT technique on plan quality and delivery improvements for head-and-neck and @entity1653 @entity1 is compared in a planning study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten previously treated @entity1 (5 head-and-neck, 5 @entity1653 ) were re-planned for step-and-shoot IMRT (ssIMRT), sliding window IMRT (dMLC) and VMAT using the MLCi2 without (-) and with (+) interdigitation and the Agility-MLC attached to an Elekta 6MV linac. This results in nine plans per @entity1 . Consistent @entity1 individual optimization parameters are used. Plans are generated using the research tool Hyperion V2.4 (equivalent to Elekta Monaco 3.2) with hard constraints for critical structures and objectives for target structures. For VMAT plans, the improved segment shape optimization is used. Critical structures are evaluated based on QUANTEC criteria. @entity343 coverage is compared by EUD, Dmean, homogeneity and conformity. Additionally, MU/plan, treatment times and number of segments are evaluated. RESULTS: As constrained optimization is used, all plans fulfill the hard constraints. Doses to critical structures do not differ more than 1Gy between the nine generated plans for each @entity1 . Only larynx, parotids and eyes differ up to 1.5Gy (Dmean or Dmax) or 7  % (volume-constraint) due to (1) increased scatter, (2) not avoiding structures when using the full range of @entity717 and (3) improved leaf sequencing with advanced segment shape optimization for VMAT plans. EUD, Dmean, homogeneity and conformity are improved using the Agility-MLC. However, @entity343 coverage is more affected by technique. MU increase with the use of dMLC and VMAT, while the MU are reduced by using the Agility-MLC. Fastest treatments are always achieved using Agility-MLC, especially in combination with VMAT. CONCLUSION: Fastest treatments with the best @entity343 coverage are found for VMAT plans with Agility-MLC, achieving the same sparing of healthy tissue compared to the other combinations of ssIMRT, dMLC and VMAT with either MLCi2(-/+) or Agility.

title: Impact of MLC properties and IMRT technique in XXXX and head-and-neck treatments.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['gantry rotation']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: A 2-year-old @entity1 was admitted to Chugoku Rosai Hospital one hour after a car accident on July 16, 1978. On admission she was conscious and no physical or @entity16 was found. However, 2 hours and a half after the accident, she was attacked suddenly by generalized @entity410 , and then became comatose with @entity386 . Bilateral horizontal nystagmus to the left, rhythmic constriction and dilation of the pupils reacting to light, and flaccid @entity1688 were recognized. Plain skull films revealed a linear @entity174 in the right posterior fossa, which crossed the transverse this region. A burr hole was made in the left posterior fossa, and slightly xanthochromic fluid, 30 to 40 microliter in volume, under high pressure was evacuated from the subdural space. A burr hole on the right side disclosed no abnormality. Spontaneous respiration returned immediately and consciousness became clear 5 hours after the surgery. No @entity51 was detect and postoperative EEG was normal. She was discharged from the hospital on July 27, 1978. Ten cases of acute @entity11757 in the posterior fossa, including the present case, were analyzed. This lesion is able to be cured completely by a simple operation even in @entity772 with @entity386 , if diagnosis made promptly and the surgery is carried out without delay. In cases of acute @entity542 , it is quite important to have a possibility of the infratentorial lesion in mind and to find it with the aids of plain skull film of Towne's view, CT scan, and VAG if necessary.

title: [Acute XXXX in the posterior fossa (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity11757 :: ('MESH:D013353', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hygroma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

answer: @entity11757 :: (MESH:D013353,Disease) :: ['subdural hygroma']


abstract: A previous study indicated that the mortality rate after severe @entity542 (Glasgow @entity772 score less than or equal to 7) was higher on each of the first 2 days after @entity130 (early deaths) than on any subsequent day (late deaths). The low Glasgow @entity772 scores, high incidence of unreactive pupils, and refractoriness to treatment of @entity1 dying within 48 hours of @entity130 suggested that many such @entity1 had sustained irreversible @entity1545 . To determine the extent to which events at impact sealed the fate of those dying early deaths after @entity542 , we compared the pathology of cases of early and late death. Of 2000 @entity1 with @entity542 admitted to the neurosurgery service during a 6-year period, there were 138 deaths and 56 autopsies. Seventy-two per cent of the @entity1 who died during the first 48 hours after @entity130 had widespread homogenizing @entity39 of neuron or direct brain stem @entity130 , considered to represent irreversible @entity75 . Only 19% of those dying later deaths had these pathological changes. @entity1 with severe homogenizing @entity39 or direct brain stem damage were usually injured in high speed motor vehicle accidents and had low Glasgow @entity772 scores and unreactive pupils on admission to the hospital. They usually did not have @entity1410 , but had @entity4 . @entity1 dying without homogenizing @entity39 or direct brain stem @entity130 usually were injured by blows or falls, usually had @entity1410 , and less often had unreactive pupils and low Glasgow @entity772 scores on admission. The findings suggest that there is a significant irreducible mortality rate after @entity542 incurred in high speed motor vehicle accidents. Recognition of such cases is important in the comparison of series and in the evaluation of treatment for @entity542 .

title: Neuropathology of early and late deaths after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling and herniations']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic opioid analgesic use often causes @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ). This open-label extension study evaluated the safety and efficacy of @entity17628 , a @entity2865 channel ( @entity46347 ) activator, for treatment of @entity4784 in @entity1 with chronic @entity158 . METHODS: Adults with @entity4784 were enrolled from two 12-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies and received @entity17628 24   g twice daily for up to 9  months. @entity4784 was defined as <  3 spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs)/week during the 2-week baseline period, of which >=   25% were characterized by hard to very hard stool consistency, subjectively incomplete evacuation, and/or moderate or worse straining. Inclusion criteria required consistent treatment with full opioid agonists >=   30  days prior to screening and throughout the study. RESULTS: All 439 @entity1 who received @entity17628 were analyzed for safety and efficacy. Overall, 24.6% of @entity1 reported treatment-related adverse events (AEs), most commonly @entity390 (5.0%), @entity294 (4.6%), @entity10 (1.6%), and @entity391 (1.4%). No treatment-related serious AEs were reported. @entity390 and @entity294 each led to study discontinuation in 5 @entity1 (1.1%); 2 cases each of @entity390 and @entity294 were rated as severe. Rescue medication usage decreased from month 1 (33.0%) to month 9 (18.6%). Mean weekly SBM frequency (1.4) was significantly increased from baseline at all months (P  <  0.001, range 4.9 to 5.3). Straining, abdominal bloating, abdominal discomfort, stool consistency, @entity1142 severity, and bowel habit regularity were significantly improved from baseline at all months (P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity17628 treatment was well tolerated and improved symptoms and signs of @entity4784 in this 9-month, open-label study of @entity1 with chronic @entity158 .

title: Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of @entity17628 in Opioid-induced XXXX in @entity1 with Chronic Noncancer Pain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity17628 :: ('MESH:C506401', 'Chemical') :: ['Lubiprostone', 'lubiprostone']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid-induced constipation', 'OIC']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['noncancer pain']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['Constipation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic opioid analgesic use often causes @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ). This open-label extension study evaluated the safety and efficacy of @entity17628 , a @entity2865 channel ( @entity46347 ) activator, for treatment of @entity4784 in @entity1 with chronic @entity158 . METHODS: Adults with @entity4784 were enrolled from two 12-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies and received @entity17628 24   g twice daily for up to 9  months. @entity4784 was defined as <  3 spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs)/week during the 2-week baseline period, of which >=   25% were characterized by hard to very hard stool consistency, subjectively incomplete evacuation, and/or moderate or worse straining. Inclusion criteria required consistent treatment with full opioid agonists >=   30  days prior to screening and throughout the study. RESULTS: All 439 @entity1 who received @entity17628 were analyzed for safety and efficacy. Overall, 24.6% of @entity1 reported treatment-related adverse events (AEs), most commonly @entity390 (5.0%), @entity294 (4.6%), @entity10 (1.6%), and @entity391 (1.4%). No treatment-related serious AEs were reported. @entity390 and @entity294 each led to study discontinuation in 5 @entity1 (1.1%); 2 cases each of @entity390 and @entity294 were rated as severe. Rescue medication usage decreased from month 1 (33.0%) to month 9 (18.6%). Mean weekly SBM frequency (1.4) was significantly increased from baseline at all months (P  <  0.001, range 4.9 to 5.3). Straining, abdominal bloating, abdominal discomfort, stool consistency, @entity1142 severity, and bowel habit regularity were significantly improved from baseline at all months (P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity17628 treatment was well tolerated and improved symptoms and signs of @entity4784 in this 9-month, open-label study of @entity1 with chronic @entity158 .

title: Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of XXXX in Opioid-induced @entity1142 in @entity1 with Chronic Noncancer Pain.

answer: @entity17628 :: (MESH:C506401,Chemical) :: ['Lubiprostone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic opioid analgesic use often causes @entity4784 ( @entity4784 ). This open-label extension study evaluated the safety and efficacy of @entity17628 , a @entity2865 channel ( @entity46347 ) activator, for treatment of @entity4784 in @entity1 with chronic @entity158 . METHODS: Adults with @entity4784 were enrolled from two 12-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies and received @entity17628 24   g twice daily for up to 9  months. @entity4784 was defined as <  3 spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs)/week during the 2-week baseline period, of which >=   25% were characterized by hard to very hard stool consistency, subjectively incomplete evacuation, and/or moderate or worse straining. Inclusion criteria required consistent treatment with full opioid agonists >=   30  days prior to screening and throughout the study. RESULTS: All 439 @entity1 who received @entity17628 were analyzed for safety and efficacy. Overall, 24.6% of @entity1 reported treatment-related adverse events (AEs), most commonly @entity390 (5.0%), @entity294 (4.6%), @entity10 (1.6%), and @entity391 (1.4%). No treatment-related serious AEs were reported. @entity390 and @entity294 each led to study discontinuation in 5 @entity1 (1.1%); 2 cases each of @entity390 and @entity294 were rated as severe. Rescue medication usage decreased from month 1 (33.0%) to month 9 (18.6%). Mean weekly SBM frequency (1.4) was significantly increased from baseline at all months (P  <  0.001, range 4.9 to 5.3). Straining, abdominal bloating, abdominal discomfort, stool consistency, @entity1142 severity, and bowel habit regularity were significantly improved from baseline at all months (P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity17628 treatment was well tolerated and improved symptoms and signs of @entity4784 in this 9-month, open-label study of @entity1 with chronic @entity158 .

title: Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of @entity17628 in Opioid-induced @entity1142 in XXXX with Chronic Noncancer Pain.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between dietary cruciferous vegetable intake and selected @entity5 biomarkers for histone acetylation (H3K9ac, H3K18ac, @entity3997 and @entity15688 ), proliferation (Ki-67) and cell-cycle regulation ( @entity3544 ) from breast tissue. DESIGN: The study used baseline data of @entity1 recruited to participate in a clinical trial of @entity8114 supplement. Dietary cruciferous vegetable intake was collected through a validated Arizona Cruciferous Vegetable Intake Questionnaire. Breast tissue was obtained from biopsy samples. Spearman correlations were calculated between intake of specific cruciferous vegetables and biomarkers. Tissue biomarkers were log2-transformed to obtain approximate normality. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and biomarkers adjusting for age and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. False discovery rate (FDR) was used to account for multiple comparisons. SETTING: Clinical trial baseline. SUBJECTS: Fifty-four @entity1 who had abnormal mammogram findings and were scheduled for breast biopsy. RESULTS: Mean intake of total cruciferous vegetables from all food sources was 81  7 (sd 57  3) g/d. Mean urinary total @entity8114 metabolites was 0  08 (sd 0  07)   m/mm @entity1011 . Total cruciferous vegetable intake was inversely associated with Ki-67 protein expression in @entity0 in situ (DCIS) tissue (b=-0  004; se=0  001; FDR q value=0  03), but not in benign or @entity513 ( @entity513 ) tissue. No association was found for other biomarkers measured ( @entity3997 , @entity15688 , H3K9, H3K18 and @entity3544 ) in all tissues examined (benign, DCIS and @entity513 ). CONCLUSIONS: The present study sought to provide additional evidence for the potential role of @entity8114 in histone acetylation and cell proliferation. Here, we report that total cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with decreased cell proliferation in breast DCIS tissue.

title: Associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and selected biomarkers among XXXX scheduled for breast biopsies.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity8114 :: ('MESH:C016766', 'Chemical') :: ['sulforaphane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']