abstract: BACKGROUND: The progression of @entity8 from diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 has not been well described from a single population. This study sought to describe the development and progression through the stages of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, persistently elevated plasma @entity1011 or renal replacement therapy (RRT), and @entity204 . METHODS: Using observed and modeled data from 5097 subjects in the UK Prospective @entity6 , we measured the annual probability of transition from stage to stage (incidence), prevalence, cumulative incidence, ten-year survival, median duration per stage, and risk of @entity204 from all-causes or @entity65 . RESULTS: From diagnosis of @entity6 , progression to microalbuminuria occurred at 2.0% per year, from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria at 2.8% per year, and from macroalbuminuria to elevated plasma @entity1011 (>or=175 micromol/L) or renal replacement therapy at 2.3% per year. Ten years following diagnosis of @entity6 , the prevalence of microalbuminuria was 24.9%, of macroalbuminuria was 5.3%, and of elevated plasma @entity1011 or RRT was 0.8%. @entity1 with elevated plasma @entity1011 or RRT had an annual @entity204 rate of 19.2% (95% confidence interval, CI, 14.0 to 24.4%). There was a trend for increasing risk of @entity65 with increasing @entity8 (P < 0.0001), with an annual rate of 0.7% for subjects in the stage of no @entity8 , 2.0% for those with microalbuminuria, 3.5% for those with macroalbuminuria, and 12.1% with elevated plasma @entity1011 or RRT. Individuals with macroalbuminuria were more likely to die in any year than to develop @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who develop microalbuminuria is substantial with one quarter affected by 10 years from diagnosis. Relatively fewer @entity1 develop macroalbuminuria, but in those who do, the @entity204 rate exceeds the rate of progression to worse @entity8 .

title: Development and progression of XXXX in @entity164 2 @entity6 : the United Kingdom Prospective @entity6 (UKPDS 64).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Study', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The progression of @entity8 from diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 has not been well described from a single population. This study sought to describe the development and progression through the stages of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, persistently elevated plasma @entity1011 or renal replacement therapy (RRT), and @entity204 . METHODS: Using observed and modeled data from 5097 subjects in the UK Prospective @entity6 , we measured the annual probability of transition from stage to stage (incidence), prevalence, cumulative incidence, ten-year survival, median duration per stage, and risk of @entity204 from all-causes or @entity65 . RESULTS: From diagnosis of @entity6 , progression to microalbuminuria occurred at 2.0% per year, from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria at 2.8% per year, and from macroalbuminuria to elevated plasma @entity1011 (>or=175 micromol/L) or renal replacement therapy at 2.3% per year. Ten years following diagnosis of @entity6 , the prevalence of microalbuminuria was 24.9%, of macroalbuminuria was 5.3%, and of elevated plasma @entity1011 or RRT was 0.8%. @entity1 with elevated plasma @entity1011 or RRT had an annual @entity204 rate of 19.2% (95% confidence interval, CI, 14.0 to 24.4%). There was a trend for increasing risk of @entity65 with increasing @entity8 (P < 0.0001), with an annual rate of 0.7% for subjects in the stage of no @entity8 , 2.0% for those with microalbuminuria, 3.5% for those with macroalbuminuria, and 12.1% with elevated plasma @entity1011 or RRT. Individuals with macroalbuminuria were more likely to die in any year than to develop @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who develop microalbuminuria is substantial with one quarter affected by 10 years from diagnosis. Relatively fewer @entity1 develop macroalbuminuria, but in those who do, the @entity204 rate exceeds the rate of progression to worse @entity8 .

title: Development and progression of @entity8 in XXXX 2 @entity6 : the United Kingdom Prospective @entity6 (UKPDS 64).

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The progression of @entity8 from diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 has not been well described from a single population. This study sought to describe the development and progression through the stages of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, persistently elevated plasma @entity1011 or renal replacement therapy (RRT), and @entity204 . METHODS: Using observed and modeled data from 5097 subjects in the UK Prospective @entity6 , we measured the annual probability of transition from stage to stage (incidence), prevalence, cumulative incidence, ten-year survival, median duration per stage, and risk of @entity204 from all-causes or @entity65 . RESULTS: From diagnosis of @entity6 , progression to microalbuminuria occurred at 2.0% per year, from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria at 2.8% per year, and from macroalbuminuria to elevated plasma @entity1011 (>or=175 micromol/L) or renal replacement therapy at 2.3% per year. Ten years following diagnosis of @entity6 , the prevalence of microalbuminuria was 24.9%, of macroalbuminuria was 5.3%, and of elevated plasma @entity1011 or RRT was 0.8%. @entity1 with elevated plasma @entity1011 or RRT had an annual @entity204 rate of 19.2% (95% confidence interval, CI, 14.0 to 24.4%). There was a trend for increasing risk of @entity65 with increasing @entity8 (P < 0.0001), with an annual rate of 0.7% for subjects in the stage of no @entity8 , 2.0% for those with microalbuminuria, 3.5% for those with macroalbuminuria, and 12.1% with elevated plasma @entity1011 or RRT. Individuals with macroalbuminuria were more likely to die in any year than to develop @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who develop microalbuminuria is substantial with one quarter affected by 10 years from diagnosis. Relatively fewer @entity1 develop macroalbuminuria, but in those who do, the @entity204 rate exceeds the rate of progression to worse @entity8 .

title: Development and progression of @entity8 in @entity164 2 XXXX : the United Kingdom Prospective @entity6 (UKPDS 64).

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The progression of @entity8 from diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 has not been well described from a single population. This study sought to describe the development and progression through the stages of microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, persistently elevated plasma @entity1011 or renal replacement therapy (RRT), and @entity204 . METHODS: Using observed and modeled data from 5097 subjects in the UK Prospective @entity6 , we measured the annual probability of transition from stage to stage (incidence), prevalence, cumulative incidence, ten-year survival, median duration per stage, and risk of @entity204 from all-causes or @entity65 . RESULTS: From diagnosis of @entity6 , progression to microalbuminuria occurred at 2.0% per year, from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria at 2.8% per year, and from macroalbuminuria to elevated plasma @entity1011 (>or=175 micromol/L) or renal replacement therapy at 2.3% per year. Ten years following diagnosis of @entity6 , the prevalence of microalbuminuria was 24.9%, of macroalbuminuria was 5.3%, and of elevated plasma @entity1011 or RRT was 0.8%. @entity1 with elevated plasma @entity1011 or RRT had an annual @entity204 rate of 19.2% (95% confidence interval, CI, 14.0 to 24.4%). There was a trend for increasing risk of @entity65 with increasing @entity8 (P < 0.0001), with an annual rate of 0.7% for subjects in the stage of no @entity8 , 2.0% for those with microalbuminuria, 3.5% for those with macroalbuminuria, and 12.1% with elevated plasma @entity1011 or RRT. Individuals with macroalbuminuria were more likely to die in any year than to develop @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who develop microalbuminuria is substantial with one quarter affected by 10 years from diagnosis. Relatively fewer @entity1 develop macroalbuminuria, but in those who do, the @entity204 rate exceeds the rate of progression to worse @entity8 .

title: Development and progression of @entity8 in @entity164 2 @entity6 : the United Kingdom Prospective XXXX (UKPDS 64).

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Study']


abstract: @entity10129 reportedly has little direct myocardial effect. However, because of interactions between the heart and vascular load, the effects on myocardial contractility and left ventricular @entity26 consumption (LVO2) have not been established. The authors performed experiments on six isolated, blood-perfused @entity235 left ventricles that were isovolumically contracting and paced at constant rate. @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and coronary blood flow were measured for evaluation of coronary vascular resistance, and coronary arteriovenous @entity26 difference was measured for determination of LVO2. Intracoronary injection of 1 and 10 micrograms of @entity10129 decreased coronary vascular resistance by 16.9 and 36.8% ( @entity453 approximately 40 mm Hg), respectively, and by 21.5 and 47.7% ( @entity453 approximately 80 mm Hg). At both doses, @entity10129 caused no decrease in peak systolic pressure as long as @entity453 was kept constant at 80 mm Hg. However, when @entity453 was decreased to 40 mm Hg, peak systolic pressure was significantly decreased even without @entity10129 . This impaired contractile state was associated with a decreased coronary blood flow and a slight decrease in LVO2, whereas 10 micrograms of @entity10129 at @entity453 approximately 80 mm Hg increased LVO2 significantly. Using the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship as an index of contractility, the authors found @entity10129 not to change the contractile state at @entity453 approximately 80 mm Hg. They conclude that @entity10129 decreases coronary vascular resistance over a wide range of @entity453 . It neither depresses the contractile state nor decreases LVO2 in the @entity235 left ventricle. @entity10129 might effectively counteract @entity2142 by dilating the coronary vessels without @entity308 myocardial contractility as found in this study on normal ventricle.

title: Effect of @entity10129 on coronary resistance, contractility and XXXX consumption of the isolated blood-perfused @entity235 left ventricle.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressing']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity10129 :: ('MESH:D015737', 'Chemical') :: ['nisoldipine', 'Nisoldipine']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['anginal attacks']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'Coronary arterial pressure']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: @entity10129 reportedly has little direct myocardial effect. However, because of interactions between the heart and vascular load, the effects on myocardial contractility and left ventricular @entity26 consumption (LVO2) have not been established. The authors performed experiments on six isolated, blood-perfused @entity235 left ventricles that were isovolumically contracting and paced at constant rate. @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and coronary blood flow were measured for evaluation of coronary vascular resistance, and coronary arteriovenous @entity26 difference was measured for determination of LVO2. Intracoronary injection of 1 and 10 micrograms of @entity10129 decreased coronary vascular resistance by 16.9 and 36.8% ( @entity453 approximately 40 mm Hg), respectively, and by 21.5 and 47.7% ( @entity453 approximately 80 mm Hg). At both doses, @entity10129 caused no decrease in peak systolic pressure as long as @entity453 was kept constant at 80 mm Hg. However, when @entity453 was decreased to 40 mm Hg, peak systolic pressure was significantly decreased even without @entity10129 . This impaired contractile state was associated with a decreased coronary blood flow and a slight decrease in LVO2, whereas 10 micrograms of @entity10129 at @entity453 approximately 80 mm Hg increased LVO2 significantly. Using the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship as an index of contractility, the authors found @entity10129 not to change the contractile state at @entity453 approximately 80 mm Hg. They conclude that @entity10129 decreases coronary vascular resistance over a wide range of @entity453 . It neither depresses the contractile state nor decreases LVO2 in the @entity235 left ventricle. @entity10129 might effectively counteract @entity2142 by dilating the coronary vessels without @entity308 myocardial contractility as found in this study on normal ventricle.

title: Effect of XXXX on coronary resistance, contractility and @entity26 consumption of the isolated blood-perfused @entity235 left ventricle.

answer: @entity10129 :: (MESH:D015737,Chemical) :: ['nisoldipine']


abstract: @entity10129 reportedly has little direct myocardial effect. However, because of interactions between the heart and vascular load, the effects on myocardial contractility and left ventricular @entity26 consumption (LVO2) have not been established. The authors performed experiments on six isolated, blood-perfused @entity235 left ventricles that were isovolumically contracting and paced at constant rate. @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and coronary blood flow were measured for evaluation of coronary vascular resistance, and coronary arteriovenous @entity26 difference was measured for determination of LVO2. Intracoronary injection of 1 and 10 micrograms of @entity10129 decreased coronary vascular resistance by 16.9 and 36.8% ( @entity453 approximately 40 mm Hg), respectively, and by 21.5 and 47.7% ( @entity453 approximately 80 mm Hg). At both doses, @entity10129 caused no decrease in peak systolic pressure as long as @entity453 was kept constant at 80 mm Hg. However, when @entity453 was decreased to 40 mm Hg, peak systolic pressure was significantly decreased even without @entity10129 . This impaired contractile state was associated with a decreased coronary blood flow and a slight decrease in LVO2, whereas 10 micrograms of @entity10129 at @entity453 approximately 80 mm Hg increased LVO2 significantly. Using the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship as an index of contractility, the authors found @entity10129 not to change the contractile state at @entity453 approximately 80 mm Hg. They conclude that @entity10129 decreases coronary vascular resistance over a wide range of @entity453 . It neither depresses the contractile state nor decreases LVO2 in the @entity235 left ventricle. @entity10129 might effectively counteract @entity2142 by dilating the coronary vessels without @entity308 myocardial contractility as found in this study on normal ventricle.

title: Effect of @entity10129 on coronary resistance, contractility and @entity26 consumption of the isolated blood-perfused XXXX left ventricle.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: 1. The effect of intravenous vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 , 6 pmol/kg per min) on renal function in six @entity1 with @entity1575 was examined. 2. @entity3549 caused generalized vasodilation and increased plasma @entity916 activity, but diminished the glomerular filtration rate by about one third. 3. The excretion of water, @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity460 also fell significantly. 4. These results differ from our findings in normal @entity1 in whom @entity3549 diminished water and electrolyte secretion largely by increasing tubular reabsorption. 5. It is concluded that the elevated @entity3549 levels present in @entity1 with severe @entity409 may affect renal function, but that the presence of @entity409 may affect renal responses to @entity3549 .

title: Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide infusions on renal function in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: 1. The effect of intravenous vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 , 6 pmol/kg per min) on renal function in six @entity1 with @entity1575 was examined. 2. @entity3549 caused generalized vasodilation and increased plasma @entity916 activity, but diminished the glomerular filtration rate by about one third. 3. The excretion of water, @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity460 also fell significantly. 4. These results differ from our findings in normal @entity1 in whom @entity3549 diminished water and electrolyte secretion largely by increasing tubular reabsorption. 5. It is concluded that the elevated @entity3549 levels present in @entity1 with severe @entity409 may affect renal function, but that the presence of @entity409 may affect renal responses to @entity3549 .

title: Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide infusions on renal function in XXXX with @entity409 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Beh  et disease is relatively rare in pediatric age group. And the bowel involvement is seen in only a small portion of Beh  et disease. However, once the bowel is involved it is potentially life threatening event. We report a 15 year old @entity1 with intestinal Beh  et's disease who had a history of recurrent @entity9645 for several years. He underwent right hemicolectomy under the impression of @entity4056 . Pathologically the lesion was a large sharply delineated @entity1066 in the cecum. The @entity1066 was round and deep with elevating margin, and was associated with thickening of affected intestinal wall. Microscopically, the @entity1066 base consisted of granulation tissue with fissurings and underminings. Characteristic @entity3527 and occlusive @entity455 were seen in intestinal wall. The inflammatory lesion was most pronounced around the @entity1066 but could be recognizable throughout the resected specimen.

title: Intestinal Beh  et's disease in a XXXX --a case report.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial lesion']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['oral and genital ulcers']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: Lens capsule thickness was measured in 105 @entity231 lenses with and without @entity9998 . The lenses were removed by intracapsular cryoextraction. Forty lenses (38%) showed exfoliation, while 65 (62%) were exfoliation negative. Thickness values were measured by light microscopy from the central anterior capsule, central posterior capsule and from the equator. The mean thickness values were for the central anterior capsule 8.2 +/- 3.2 mu, for the central posterior capsule 3.2 +/- 1.4 and for the equator 3.9 +/- 1.3. There was no statistical difference between the exfoliation-positive and exfoliation-negative lenses. The capsule thickness varied greatly throughout the present material. The highest value, 22.4 mu, was measured from an exfoliation-negative central anterior lens capsule of a male @entity1 aged 33 years. The lowest value, 0.6 mu, was measured from an exfoliation-positive central posterior capsule of a male @entity1 aged 64 years. The central posterior capsule is the thinnest area of the lens capsule. The findings call for great caution in polishing the posterior capsule during extracapsular @entity231 surgery. The higher complication rate in eyes with @entity9998 cannot be explained by thinner lens capsules but rather on the more friable zonules.

title: Capsule thickness of XXXX lenses with and without @entity9998 .

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['exfoliation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataractous', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataractous']


abstract: Lens capsule thickness was measured in 105 @entity231 lenses with and without @entity9998 . The lenses were removed by intracapsular cryoextraction. Forty lenses (38%) showed exfoliation, while 65 (62%) were exfoliation negative. Thickness values were measured by light microscopy from the central anterior capsule, central posterior capsule and from the equator. The mean thickness values were for the central anterior capsule 8.2 +/- 3.2 mu, for the central posterior capsule 3.2 +/- 1.4 and for the equator 3.9 +/- 1.3. There was no statistical difference between the exfoliation-positive and exfoliation-negative lenses. The capsule thickness varied greatly throughout the present material. The highest value, 22.4 mu, was measured from an exfoliation-negative central anterior lens capsule of a male @entity1 aged 33 years. The lowest value, 0.6 mu, was measured from an exfoliation-positive central posterior capsule of a male @entity1 aged 64 years. The central posterior capsule is the thinnest area of the lens capsule. The findings call for great caution in polishing the posterior capsule during extracapsular @entity231 surgery. The higher complication rate in eyes with @entity9998 cannot be explained by thinner lens capsules but rather on the more friable zonules.

title: Capsule thickness of @entity231 lenses with and without XXXX .

answer: @entity9998 :: (MESH:D017889,Disease) :: ['exfoliation syndrome']


abstract: A 60-year-old @entity1 , who had been receiving chronic hemodialysis for @entity177 due to polycystic disease for 7 years, was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaints of right @entity812 and high-grade @entity221 on February 3, 1986. She had a family history of @entity8 and her elder sister has been undergoing chronic hemodialysis. The @entity1 has had repeated episodes of @entity293 . The right markedly distended kidney was palpated with severe @entity925 , and the performance status was poor. Computerized tomography showed the right kidney enlarging beyond the median line, but localization of the infected cysts was not clear. The 7-day intensive antibiotic therapy had no beneficial effect. On the 8th hospital day, percutaneous drainage, which was carried out for a large cyst with low-level echoes using ultrasonic guidance, yielded 600 ml of hemopurulent fluid. Bacterial culture of the aspirated fluid was positive for @entity526 . As the clinical symptoms did not improve after the 8th day, 10 Fr. catheter placement, percutaneous drainage and catheter placement were added for other cysts containing hemopurulent fluid. Although hematopyuria persisted, the @entity1 became afebrile and the right kidney became smaller and softer. Both catheters were removed on the 30th hospital day. Repeated computerized tomography or ultrasonography revealed a few hyperdense or hyperechoic @entity8 . However, no recurrence of high-grade @entity221 or right @entity812 has been seen for 3 months. Ultrasonic-guided percutaneous drainage has a great potential for @entity1 care of infected cysts in @entity8 .

title: [Successful percutaneous drainage for infected cysts in XXXX in a case of chronic hemodialysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease', 'cysts in the right kidney']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: The fate of 103 @entity1 consecutively operated upon for chronic @entity1002 between 1978 and 1986 was examined with a multivariate statistical approach to verify the operative indications and results. In the early risk phase, up to 39 days after operation, 15 @entity1 (15%) died. Mortality was mostly due to a @entity998 and was significantly related to older age and to functional (NYHA) and anginal (CCS) class. In the late risk phase, starting 1.9 years after surgery, 9 @entity1 died (10%) and the significant risk factors were anterior @entity439 and older age at operation. Actuarial survival curves showed 82% survival at 5 years and 61% at 9.5 years. In 25 @entity1 older than 50 years and with an anterior @entity439 , these rates were 51% and 34%, respectively. Improved functional class was observed in 87% of the @entity1 interviewed, but 30% complained of @entity951 or new @entity1188 . Survival free of @entity63 was 64% at 5 years and 13% at 9.5 years. This development of @entity63 recurrences was significantly related to older age and to incomplete revascularization despite multiple grafts. These results suggest modification of the grafting policy and of the techniques of repair in identified high-risk subsets.

title: Early and late determinants of survival after surgery of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']


abstract: From November 1980 to November 1986, 63 @entity1 aged 4 months to 13 years (mean 3.4 years) underwent repair of anomalies of ventriculo-arterial connection with @entity1757 and @entity3885 , using a technique (REV) first described by us in 1982. The selection of @entity1 was based on preoperative criteria, namely the measurement of the distance between the tricuspid and the semilunar valves. These measurements enabled us to select from @entity1 with an abnormal ventriculo-arterial connection, those in whom the @entity154 could be repaired by intra-ventricular partition alone. In the remaining cases, REV was indicated in the presence of @entity849 . The principles of the technique are: (1) resection of the infundibular septum creating a large, direct and subarterial communication between the left ventricle and the aorta; (2) construction of a straight left ventricle to aorta tunnel by intraventricular partition; (3) direct anastomosis of the pulmonary trunk to the right ventricle. There were 12 hospital deaths (19%). The mean follow-up was 32 months. One @entity1 died suddenly 1 year after repair. Six @entity1 required reoperation. All survivors are in NYHA class I, except for 3 @entity1 who are in class II. No stenosis of the left ventricular outflow tract was found but 5 @entity1 had a significant pressure gradient at the pulmonary outflow tract level. Our present experience suggests that in properly selected @entity1 , REV allows anatomic repair in a wide variety of anomalies of the ventriculo-arterial connection associated with @entity1757 and @entity3885 with an acceptable rate of mortality and morbidity.

title: Anatomic repair of anomalies of ventriculo-arterial connection (REV). Results of a new technique in cases associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary outflow tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['pulmonary outflow tract obstruction']


abstract: One hundred and fifty @entity1 were assessed during an outbreak of @entity281 in Northern Italy. The aetiological agent was proved to be T. nelsoni. A detailed prospective rheumatological study was carried out. @entity925 was observed in 88 per cent, @entity425 in 60 per cent, @entity5442 in 62 per cent and @entity4841 in 20 per cent of the @entity1 . The @entity4841 score was strictly related to @entity925 - @entity5442 . The degree of @entity5442 correlated with the degree of @entity1712 . @entity121 in tissue samples was often observed in areas where eosinophils were the major cell population infiltrating the tissue. No relationship was seen between IgG antibody titers against Trichinella or IgE levels and clinical manifestations. @entity230 , @entity18884 or @entity7400 were not administered. We observed no CNS or heart involvement nor did we see @entity1333 . After six months 18 @entity1 , with the highest degree of @entity5442 and @entity1712 had all improved. None showed abnormalities in laboratory tests and only four were still complaining of @entity121 . T. nelsoni-related @entity281 appears to induce @entity85 in the majority of @entity1 , but the long term course and prognosis is favourable.

title: Prospective rheumatological study of muscle and joint symptoms during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Trichinella infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['mebendazole']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['Myalgia', 'myalgias']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle aches', 'Muscle damage']

entities_list: @entity18884 :: ('MESH:D013827', 'Chemical') :: ['thiabendazole']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Trichinella nelsoni infection']


abstract: The incidence of @entity810 , @entity101 and electrolyte disorders in 64 bone marrow transplant recipients randomized to receive either @entity205 or @entity786 was investigated. Sixty-four per cent of @entity1 developed @entity810 , 75 per cent @entity101 , and 88 per cent significant @entity1272 . The incidence of diastolic @entity101 and @entity1272 was greater in the patents treated with @entity205 . @entity1272 was due to @entity1760 wasting by the kidney. Both groups received similar cumulative doses of @entity4028 antibiotics. Significant @entity644 developed in all but one @entity1 and @entity1985 -range @entity644 was noted in 21 per cent. The cause of the @entity644 is unclear; no obvious morphologic changes were seen at autopsy in @entity1 who exhibited @entity1985 -range @entity644 . The @entity8 were shown to be transient in @entity1 who were observed for periods ranging from one to three years. It is concluded that @entity101 , @entity177 and @entity1272 are common in the setting of bone marrow transplantation. Whereas @entity205 probably aggravates the severity of these disorders, it is likely that other factors (e.g., @entity4028 antibiotics) play a major role as shown by the high incidence of renal and electrolyte disorders in @entity1 treated with @entity786 alone.

title: @entity101 and XXXX in bone marrow transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of renal function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia', 'Hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal dysfunction']


abstract: The incidence of @entity810 , @entity101 and electrolyte disorders in 64 bone marrow transplant recipients randomized to receive either @entity205 or @entity786 was investigated. Sixty-four per cent of @entity1 developed @entity810 , 75 per cent @entity101 , and 88 per cent significant @entity1272 . The incidence of diastolic @entity101 and @entity1272 was greater in the patents treated with @entity205 . @entity1272 was due to @entity1760 wasting by the kidney. Both groups received similar cumulative doses of @entity4028 antibiotics. Significant @entity644 developed in all but one @entity1 and @entity1985 -range @entity644 was noted in 21 per cent. The cause of the @entity644 is unclear; no obvious morphologic changes were seen at autopsy in @entity1 who exhibited @entity1985 -range @entity644 . The @entity8 were shown to be transient in @entity1 who were observed for periods ranging from one to three years. It is concluded that @entity101 , @entity177 and @entity1272 are common in the setting of bone marrow transplantation. Whereas @entity205 probably aggravates the severity of these disorders, it is likely that other factors (e.g., @entity4028 antibiotics) play a major role as shown by the high incidence of renal and electrolyte disorders in @entity1 treated with @entity786 alone.

title: XXXX and @entity8 in bone marrow transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: Congenital cystic segmentary dilatation of the intrahepatic biliary ducts is a rare disease. Although several cases has been described in medical literature, its occurrence such as it was originally referred is exceptional. Some cases coexist with @entity7872 and portal @entity101 . A characteristic phenomenon is the formation of stones and canalicular @entity281 . In this article, three cases of @entity13550 (females, 57, 53 and 58 years old) are described. Case n 1 was a complex @entity600 including: a) cystic and segmentary dilatations of the intrahepatic biliar ducts; b) intra and @entity9279 and recurrent infections; c) fusion of the choledocus and gallbladder in a common sac; d) hepatic cavernosus @entity2695 and a supernumerarious lobe. Case n 2 showed: a) cystic and segmentary dilatation of the intrahepatic biliar ducts; b) portal @entity82 ; c) @entity8767 ; d) portal @entity101 . Case n 3 showed: a) cystic and segmentary dilatation of the intrahepatic biliar ducts; b) portal @entity82 ; c) @entity8767 and spleen; d) portal @entity101 . Prognostic of this @entity1 is variable and depends on the recurrent infections and the coexistence of other @entity600 which are frequently severe. Surgery is the only treatment for the disease although there are no definite conclusions concerning the long-term results.

title: [ XXXX : congenital cystic and segmentary dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7872 :: ('MESH:C562378', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity8767 :: ('MESH:D007690', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidneys']

entities_list: @entity13550 :: ('MESH:D016767', 'Disease') :: ['Caroli disease']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic lithiasis']

answer: @entity13550 :: (MESH:D016767,Disease) :: ['Caroli's disease']


abstract: We report six @entity1 from our Intensive Care Unit with @entity9009 ( @entity9009 ) post @entity583 . There were 3 males and 3 females, mean age 57.8. None of them had prior @entity583 . Four @entity1 had recent onset angina and 2 had not previous angina. @entity583 was two-fold times more frequent than anterior wall @entity1188 . Three @entity1 had right ventricular @entity1188 . Early severe @entity712 was present in 85% of @entity1 , being sudden in onset in 3. In 2 @entity1 surgical closure of @entity9009 was performed, being it successful in 1 with good long-term survival. In conclusion, @entity9009 is a serious complication of @entity583 . Accuracy in diagnosis and solid therapeutic measures are required.

title: [Ventricular septal defect after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['VSR', 'ventricular septal rupture']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Inferior wall myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to review 30 @entity1 with failed, multiply operated knees, or knees with gross instability which were reconstructed using the expanded @entity736 ( @entity736 ) prosthetic ligament as a substitute for the ACL. The results were then compared with our experience with the proplast ligament used in a previous clinical series. This prospective review evaluated the @entity1 preoperatively and at regular intervals during the postoperative period. The average followup was 24 months postoperation. Eighty-three percent of the @entity1 had a satisfactory result, scoring greater than 140 points on a 200 point knee grading scale. Objectively, the anterior instability pattern was improved in 87% of the knees. Subjectively, @entity158 of at least a mild degree persisted in 70% of the @entity1 postoperatively. This @entity158 seemed to correlate with articular cartilage changes documented intraoperatively. Major complications occurred in two @entity1 . In conclusion, the @entity736 prosthetic ligament was an improvement over the proplast ligament in the reconstruction of the multiply operated, unstable knee. The 83% satisfactory rate with the @entity736 was promising compared to a 52% satisfactory rate using the proplast ligament. However, we encourage future long term studies of the @entity736 prosthetic ligament in the reconstruction of the ACL in the chronically unstable knee.

title: Anterior cruciate reconstruction in the chronically unstable knee using an expanded XXXX ( @entity736 ) prosthetic ligament.

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to review 30 @entity1 with failed, multiply operated knees, or knees with gross instability which were reconstructed using the expanded @entity736 ( @entity736 ) prosthetic ligament as a substitute for the ACL. The results were then compared with our experience with the proplast ligament used in a previous clinical series. This prospective review evaluated the @entity1 preoperatively and at regular intervals during the postoperative period. The average followup was 24 months postoperation. Eighty-three percent of the @entity1 had a satisfactory result, scoring greater than 140 points on a 200 point knee grading scale. Objectively, the anterior instability pattern was improved in 87% of the knees. Subjectively, @entity158 of at least a mild degree persisted in 70% of the @entity1 postoperatively. This @entity158 seemed to correlate with articular cartilage changes documented intraoperatively. Major complications occurred in two @entity1 . In conclusion, the @entity736 prosthetic ligament was an improvement over the proplast ligament in the reconstruction of the multiply operated, unstable knee. The 83% satisfactory rate with the @entity736 was promising compared to a 52% satisfactory rate using the proplast ligament. However, we encourage future long term studies of the @entity736 prosthetic ligament in the reconstruction of the ACL in the chronically unstable knee.

title: Anterior cruciate reconstruction in the chronically unstable knee using an expanded @entity736 ( XXXX ) prosthetic ligament.

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['PTFE']


abstract: The clinical and pathological features of eight @entity43 with glandular patterns resembling those of @entity4348 are described. The @entity1 ranged in age from 11 to 34 years (mean, 22 years) and presented with @entity490 or @entity4 . The serum @entity160 ( @entity160 ) level was elevated at the time of presentation or later in all seven @entity1 in whom it was measured. Seven @entity5 were unilateral, one was bilateral, and three had spread beyond the ovary. There was a contralateral streak gonad in two cases. The @entity5 were 6-35 cm in diameter; seven were solid and cystic, and one was a unilocular cyst with a small solid nodule in the wall. Microscopic examination revealed a prominent, and in two cases, pure endometrioid-like glandular pattern that often simulated that of an early secretory endometrium. @entity2970 were also present in five @entity5 ; minor teratomatous foci (squamous epithelium and cartilage) were present in one. Immunohistochemical staining revealed @entity160 , alpha-1-anti-trypsin (AAT), and carcinoembryonic antigen within the glandular epithelium; @entity160 and AAT were also present in areas showing the other patterns. Three @entity1 died of recurrent or @entity3 19-60 months postoperatively; in the remaining cases, there was a @entity5 -free follow-up of short duration. The endometrioid-like pattern reflects an unusual form of @entity2970 that should be distinguished from @entity4348 .

title: Endometrioid-like variant of XXXX . A clinicopathological analysis of eight cases.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian yolk sac tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['endodermal differentiation within yolk sac tumors', 'Reticular, polyvesicular-vitelline, and hepatoid patterns of yolk sac tumor']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma', 'endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian yolk sac tumor']


abstract: Warthin's @entity5 comprised 14 percent of all @entity5 operated on. The average @entity1 age in our series was 57.2 years. Eighty-seven percent of the @entity5 occurred in the parotid tail. The rest were in the deep lobe, or in an extraparotid location. Fifteen @entity1 had multifocal @entity5 . The maximum number of @entity5 foci in one @entity1 was six. A significant increase in the female incidence was noted with a 1.5:1 male-to-female ratio as compared with the previous male dominant ratio of 8:1. Eighty-two percent of the female @entity1 in our group were smokers. We correlated a very high incidence of cigarette smoking in our series when compared with age-matched groups in both sexes within the general population. Since it is estimated that one of eight @entity1 with @entity4724 will have multifocal disease, we suggest wider exposure and more meticulous operative exploration to avoid overlooked @entity5 foci and subsequent recurrence.

title: XXXX : multicentricity and increasing incidence in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'synchronous tumor', 'parotid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4724 :: ('MESH:D000235', 'Disease') :: ["Warthin's tumor"]

answer: @entity4724 :: (MESH:D000235,Disease) :: ['Warthin's tumor']


abstract: Warthin's @entity5 comprised 14 percent of all @entity5 operated on. The average @entity1 age in our series was 57.2 years. Eighty-seven percent of the @entity5 occurred in the parotid tail. The rest were in the deep lobe, or in an extraparotid location. Fifteen @entity1 had multifocal @entity5 . The maximum number of @entity5 foci in one @entity1 was six. A significant increase in the female incidence was noted with a 1.5:1 male-to-female ratio as compared with the previous male dominant ratio of 8:1. Eighty-two percent of the female @entity1 in our group were smokers. We correlated a very high incidence of cigarette smoking in our series when compared with age-matched groups in both sexes within the general population. Since it is estimated that one of eight @entity1 with @entity4724 will have multifocal disease, we suggest wider exposure and more meticulous operative exploration to avoid overlooked @entity5 foci and subsequent recurrence.

title: @entity4724 : multicentricity and increasing incidence in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Male @entity197 experimentally infected with dengue @entity778 types 1, 2, 3, or 4 transmitted their infection sexually to female Ae. albopictus. Such transmission was enhanced if the females had taken a bloodmeal 2 to 7 days prior to mating. Male Ae. albopictus also transmitted dengue @entity778 vertically to their F1 progeny. Infected progeny were found among those derived from eggs laid greater than or equal to 73 hr after mating but not among those derived from eggs laid prior to that time. This suggests that @entity778 probably was not transmitted directly to ova but, rather, underwent prior replication in the female genital tract. Female Ae. albopictus experimentally infected with @entity778 did not transmit their infection sexually to males. This finding supports the hypothesis that male mosquitoes naturally infected with dengue @entity778 acquired their infection vertically.

title: Sexual transmission of dengue viruses by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus', 'dengue type 1 virus']

entities_list: @entity197 :: ('7160', 'Species') :: ['Aedes albopictus']

answer: @entity197 :: (7160,Species) :: ['Aedes albopictus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has become increasingly clear in recent years that periodontal disease can cause a dramatic increase in the levels of markers of systemic @entity32 , and that periodontal treatment can result in reduction in the levels of these markers. We have previously shown that the prevalence of moderate to severe @entity2521 was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity827 ( @entity827 ) with @entity2783 than in @entity1 with @entity827 without @entity2783 . Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate if chronic @entity2521 is associated with secondary @entity2783 in the Black Sea region of @entity233 . METHODS: A total of 112 @entity1 with biopsy-proven secondary @entity2783 (59 @entity1 with @entity827 , 40 @entity1 who were either chronically infected or had @entity5 , 13 @entity1 with @entity2521 ) and 22 healthy subjects, were included in this study. Periodontal health and disease were evaluated using gingival index (GI), @entity548 index (PBI), plaque index (PI), and periodontal disease index (PDI). The concentrations of serum acute phase reactants (APRs) were measured at baseline and at 4 to 6 weeks after completion of the non-surgical periodontal therapy. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate to severe @entity2521 was 47.5% in @entity1 with @entity827 , 72.5% in @entity1 who were either chronically infected or had @entity5 , and 84.6% in @entity1 with @entity2521 . Serum levels of APRs in @entity1 with @entity2783 were reduced significantly after non-surgical periodontal therapy (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis can increase the levels of APRs and potentiate the development of @entity2783 either by themselves or association with traditional factors, such as @entity827 and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Thus, preventing or treating @entity2521 might prevent or at least alleviate the progression of @entity2783 . Periodontal evaluation should be performed as part of a medical assessment and considered as an etiologic factor for secondary @entity2783 .

title: Interaction between periodontal disease and systemic secondary amyloidosis: from @entity32 to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['familial Mediterranean fever', 'FMF']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['papillary bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has become increasingly clear in recent years that periodontal disease can cause a dramatic increase in the levels of markers of systemic @entity32 , and that periodontal treatment can result in reduction in the levels of these markers. We have previously shown that the prevalence of moderate to severe @entity2521 was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity827 ( @entity827 ) with @entity2783 than in @entity1 with @entity827 without @entity2783 . Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate if chronic @entity2521 is associated with secondary @entity2783 in the Black Sea region of @entity233 . METHODS: A total of 112 @entity1 with biopsy-proven secondary @entity2783 (59 @entity1 with @entity827 , 40 @entity1 who were either chronically infected or had @entity5 , 13 @entity1 with @entity2521 ) and 22 healthy subjects, were included in this study. Periodontal health and disease were evaluated using gingival index (GI), @entity548 index (PBI), plaque index (PI), and periodontal disease index (PDI). The concentrations of serum acute phase reactants (APRs) were measured at baseline and at 4 to 6 weeks after completion of the non-surgical periodontal therapy. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate to severe @entity2521 was 47.5% in @entity1 with @entity827 , 72.5% in @entity1 who were either chronically infected or had @entity5 , and 84.6% in @entity1 with @entity2521 . Serum levels of APRs in @entity1 with @entity2783 were reduced significantly after non-surgical periodontal therapy (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis can increase the levels of APRs and potentiate the development of @entity2783 either by themselves or association with traditional factors, such as @entity827 and other chronic inflammatory diseases. Thus, preventing or treating @entity2521 might prevent or at least alleviate the progression of @entity2783 . Periodontal evaluation should be performed as part of a medical assessment and considered as an etiologic factor for secondary @entity2783 .

title: Interaction between periodontal disease and systemic secondary amyloidosis: from XXXX to @entity2783 .

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe cardiometabolic risk factors and risk clustering in @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 121 subjects aged 18 to 73 years (mean, 37    12 years) with chronic, motor complete @entity1566 between C5 and T12. Assessments included demographic, social, and medical history; physical, anthropometric, and blood pressure assessments; fasting serum assays including total @entity165 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity1674 , and hemoglobin A1c; calculated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C); and an oral @entity413 tolerance test. Framingham risk scores (FRSs) for each subject were calculated on the basis of Third National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel algorithm. RESULTS: According to FRSs, 90.1%, 8.3%, and 1.7% were classified in the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, respectively. The most prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors were overweight/ @entity28 (74%), elevated LDL-C (64%), low HDL-C (53%), elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP, 33%), and elevated TC (30%). Stratification by level of injury demonstrated significant differences between paraplegic and tetraplegic @entity1 in SBP (120 vs 99 mm Hg, P = .0001), 2-hour @entity413 (101.37 vs 137.93 mg/dL, P = .0001), and 2-hour insulin (47.45 vs 94.36  IU/mL, P = .024). In addition, @entity1674 , fasting insulin, body mass index, LDL-C, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin resistance were significantly associated with FRS. CONCLUSIONS: Ten percent of young @entity1 with @entity1566 are at moderate to high risk for long-term hard @entity299 . Overweight/ @entity28 , LDL-C, HDL-C, SBP, and TC were the most prevalent risk factors. @entity1735 metabolism is preferentially affected in @entity1 suffering from @entity1688 , indicating a need for impairment-specific risk assessment.

title: Cardiometabolic risk in community-dwelling @entity1 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe cardiometabolic risk factors and risk clustering in @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 121 subjects aged 18 to 73 years (mean, 37    12 years) with chronic, motor complete @entity1566 between C5 and T12. Assessments included demographic, social, and medical history; physical, anthropometric, and blood pressure assessments; fasting serum assays including total @entity165 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity1674 , and hemoglobin A1c; calculated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C); and an oral @entity413 tolerance test. Framingham risk scores (FRSs) for each subject were calculated on the basis of Third National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel algorithm. RESULTS: According to FRSs, 90.1%, 8.3%, and 1.7% were classified in the low-, medium-, and high-risk groups, respectively. The most prevalent cardiometabolic risk factors were overweight/ @entity28 (74%), elevated LDL-C (64%), low HDL-C (53%), elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP, 33%), and elevated TC (30%). Stratification by level of injury demonstrated significant differences between paraplegic and tetraplegic @entity1 in SBP (120 vs 99 mm Hg, P = .0001), 2-hour @entity413 (101.37 vs 137.93 mg/dL, P = .0001), and 2-hour insulin (47.45 vs 94.36  IU/mL, P = .024). In addition, @entity1674 , fasting insulin, body mass index, LDL-C, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin resistance were significantly associated with FRS. CONCLUSIONS: Ten percent of young @entity1 with @entity1566 are at moderate to high risk for long-term hard @entity299 . Overweight/ @entity28 , LDL-C, HDL-C, SBP, and TC were the most prevalent risk factors. @entity1735 metabolism is preferentially affected in @entity1 suffering from @entity1688 , indicating a need for impairment-specific risk assessment.

title: Cardiometabolic risk in community-dwelling XXXX with chronic @entity1566 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: antibiotic and @entity134 combination therapies, such as @entity2890 with @entity619 , are often used in ophthalmology to treat or prevent @entity281 and @entity32 . The purpose of this study was to use a model of @entity794 keratitis to quantify and compare the effectiveness of a standard @entity2890 and @entity619 combined therapy, with each drug individually, and with a new formulation of the two drugs in a xanthan gum vehicle. METHODS: @entity95 corneas were intrastromally injected with a @entity3256 -sensitive @entity794 (MSSA) or a @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 ( @entity794 . @entity95 eyes were treated every hour from 10 to 15 hours postinfection (PI) with 0.1% @entity619 , 0.3% @entity2890 , 0.3% @entity2890 with 0.1% @entity619 , or 0.3% @entity2890 with 0.05% @entity619 in a xanthan gum vehicle (ST). @entity9845 ( @entity9845 ) were performed on infected eyes and pathology scored at 15 hours PI. At 16 hours PI, colony forming units (CFUs) per @entity267 were quantified. RESULTS: the CFUs in eyes treated with @entity619 alone were similar to untreated control eyes for MSSA or @entity794 infections. All other treatment groups had significantly less CFUs per @entity735 . The eyes treated with the ST formulation had significantly fewer CFUs per @entity267 than all other treatment groups when infected with MSSA or @entity794 . The @entity9845 scores of MSSA or @entity794 infected eyes treated with @entity2890 alone were similar to untreated control eyes. All other treatment groups had significantly lower @entity9845 scores than untreated controls eyes, but were not significantly different from each other. CONCLUSION: the results of this study demonstrated that the @entity2890 and @entity619 combination therapy with a xanthan gum vehicle has an improved bactericidal effectiveness compared to the commercially available formulation, and maintains a similar anti-inflammatory effect while containing half the amount of @entity134 .

title: The effectiveness of an improved combination therapy for experimental XXXX keratitis.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA) strain', 'MRSA', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'Rabbit']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['cornea than untreated eyes']

entities_list: @entity9845 :: ('MESH:D056124', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Slit lamp examinations']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: Among 1480 @entity1 treated for @entity5 of the rectosigmoid over a 30-year period, 24 @entity1 underwent total pelvic exenteration. These @entity1 , 13 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 , had a median age of 64 years. Pathologic staging revealed 15 Dukes' B and nine @entity75 . For 17 @entity1 , this operation was the only form of therapy. The operative mortality rate was 20.8%; however, the mortality rate has decreased to 13.3% during the past 20 years and to 9% in the past decade. Five complications occurred in the group surviving the procedure, resulting in a 26.3% morbidity rate. Three of the five complications occurred in @entity1 who had previous radiation therapy or surgery. The overall 5-year survival rate was 41.6%. Those @entity1 surviving the operation had 5- and 10-year survival rates of 52.6% and 31.5%, respectively. There were seven @entity1 in whom the disease recurred at an average of 20.3 months after exenteration, and all died an average of 8 months later. The recurrence rate for @entity1 with Dukes' B lesions was 27% compared with 57% for @entity1 with @entity75 . The remaining 12 disease-free @entity1 had a mean survival of 11 years. At present, four @entity1 are alive and well 6 to 30 years after exenteration. The best predictor of morbidity was treatment before exenteration (p less than .005). Age older than 65 years and the presence of nodal metastases may contribute to increased mortality rates and recurrence, respectively, but these relationships were not statistically significant for the group. Total pelvic exenteration is advocated for selected primary, locally advanced, @entity75 in good-risk @entity1 ; it can be achieved now with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates and a survival rate in excess of 40% at 5 years.

title: Exenterative surgery for locally advanced XXXX . Is it worthwhile?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ["Dukes' C lesions", 'rectosigmoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectosigmoid cancers']


abstract: During a 22-year period (1962-1984) 52 carotid body @entity5 were encountered in 50 @entity1 . In addition, 2 of the @entity1 had @entity5 of the glomus intravagale. One @entity1 had a recurrent @entity5 , the first one having been removed 23 years previously. The ages ranged from 23 to 80 years, the female/male ratio was 2:1, and the right side was affected twice as often as the left. Four @entity1 were treated non-surgically; 3 were too elderly and frail to undergo the operation and in the 4th case the @entity5 was considered inoperable. In 2 cases excision was attempted but abandoned for technical reasons. In the remaining 44 @entity1 46 @entity5 were excised, with grafting of the internal carotid artery in 6 cases. There were 2 deaths (4.5%), 1 after @entity1158 and 1 a @entity358 . Eight @entity1 were left with @entity129 , which had been present preoperatively in 5 cases. Of the @entity5 7 (13.5%) were found to be malignant. The results of endocrine studies when undertaken were normal. Although ultrasonography and computed tomography were used in some cases, arteriography was the definitive mode of investigation.

title: XXXX . A review of 52 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Carotid body tumours']


abstract: When @entity1238 embryos are cultured in @entity460 - and @entity1760 -free medium (CMFM), the blastomeres lose adhesion but continue dividing to form a loose heap of cells. If divalent cations are restored at the early gastrula stage the cells re-adhere and eventually form muscle (a mesodermal cell type) as well as epidermis. If, however, the cells are dispersed during culture in CMFM, muscle does not form following reaggregation although epidermis does. This suggests that culturing blastomeres in a heap allows the transmission of mesoderm-induction signals from cell to cell while dispersion effectively dilutes the signal. In this paper, we have attempted to substitute for cell proximity by culturing dispersed blastomeres in XTC @entity9926 ( @entity9926 ). We find that dispersed cells do not respond to XTC- @entity9926 by forming mesodermal cell types after reaggregation, but the factor does inhibit epidermal differentiation. One interpretation of this observation is that an early stage in mesoderm induction is the suppression of epidermal differentiation and that formation of mesoderm may require contact-mediated signals that are produced in response to XTC- @entity9926 . We have gone on to study the suppression of epidermal differentiation in more detail. We find that this is a dose-dependent phenomenon that can occur in single cells in the absence of cell division. Animal pole blastomeres become more difficult to divert from epidermal differentiation at later stages of development and by stage 12 they are 'determined' to this fate. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) also suppresses epidermal differentiation in isolated animal pole blastomeres and @entity11340 acts synergistically with FGF in doing so.

title: Mesoderm induction in XXXX : responding cells must be in contact for mesoderm formation but suppression of epidermal differentiation can occur in single cells.

entities_list: @entity9926 :: ('399041(Tax:8355)', 'Gene') :: ['mesoderm-inducing factor', 'MIF']

entities_list: @entity11340 :: ('397778(Tax:8355)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 1']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report 5 cases of @entity2694 . METHODS: All @entity1 underwent ophthalmological, clinical and neuroradiological evaluation. RESULTS: At presentation all @entity1 (4 @entity1 and one adult @entity1 ) had unilateral proptosis. @entity1319 was present in 3 @entity1 , @entity1736 and @entity4457 in 2. @entity1781 with @entity227 was noticed in one @entity1 . Palatal localization was found in 2 @entity1 , maxillofacial localization in one. Associated @entity1504 was present in one @entity1 . Three @entity1 who underwent surgery, developed recurrences. No regression of @entity2696 was noticed nor with Interferon, nor with @entity230 . CONCLUSION: @entity2696 has to be included in the differential diagnosis of childhood proptosis. Extraorbital localization, under which associated intracranial developmental @entity455 , has to be searched for. In most of the cases conservative treatment is mandatory.

title: XXXX : clinical features and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['venous vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['Compressive optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphangioma', 'lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Restricted eye movement']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['Orbital lymphangioma']


abstract: @entity55 and alterations in endothelial cell (EC) permeability are key events to development of @entity647 ( @entity647 ). Protective effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) have been shown against inflammatory signaling and endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by gram-negative bacterial wall liposaccharide. We hypothesized that ANP may possess more general protective effects and @entity55 and EC barrier dysfunction by suppressing inflammatory cascades and barrier-disruptive mechanisms shared by gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. C57BL/6J wild-type or ANP knockout @entity19 ( @entity14662 -/-) were treated with gram-positive bacterial cell wall compounds, @entity794 -derived peptidoglycan (PepG) and/or lipoteichoic acid ( @entity26800 ) (intratracheal, 2.5 mg/kg each), with or without ANP (intravenous, 2  g/kg). In vitro, @entity1 pulmonary EC barrier properties were assessed by morphological analysis of gap formation and measurements of transendothelial electrical resistance. LTA and PepG markedly increased pulmonary EC permeability and activated p38 and ERK1/2 MAP kinases, NF-kB, and Rho/Rho kinase signaling. EC barrier dysfunction was further elevated upon combined LTA and PepG treatment, but abolished by ANP pretreatment. In vivo, LTA and PepG-induced accumulation of protein and cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, tissue neutrophil infiltration, and increased Evans blue extravasation in the lungs was significantly attenuated by intravenous injection of ANP. Accumulation of bronchoalveolar lavage markers of LTA/PepG-induced @entity55 and barrier dysfunction was further augmented in ANP-/- @entity19 and attenuated by exogenous ANP injection. These results strongly suggest a protective role of ANP in the in vitro and in vivo models of @entity647 associated with gram-positive @entity281 . Thus ANP may have important implications in therapeutic strategies aimed at the treatment of @entity295 and @entity647 -induced gram-positive bacterial pathogens.

title: Atrial natriuretic peptide protects against XXXX -induced lung injury and endothelial barrier dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['attenuate lung inflammation', 'Lung inflammation', 'lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4291 (SM), a major lipid constituent of outer leaflet of plasma membranes, with @entity165 , constitutes microdomains, which are termed as lipid rafts. These rafts provide support to proteins, receptors, enzymes, and so on and organize and orient them to conduct cellular functions including transmembrane signaling to substances in external milieu. The SM contents are regulated by its metabolism, changes in which may affect the composition of lipid rafts and cell response to the triggers of @entity565 which may lead to the pathophysiology. For studying changes in membranes, erythrocytes, which contain lipid rafts, are considered to be the best cell type. Hence, this study was conducted on plasma membrane of erythrocytes of @entity748 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective is to understand the changes in SM metabolism in @entity565 . METHODS: The study included 50 subjects (25 asthmatics and 25 healthy subjects). Erythrocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood and membrane prepared. This was followed by determination of total @entity165 , phospholipids, SM, and sphingomyelinase activity. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In asthmatics, there was a significant decrease in @entity165 contents (p < .05), decrease in total phospholipid contents (p < .005), increase in SM (p < .01), decrease in @entity165 : SM ratio (p < .001) and increase in sphingomyelinase activity (p < .001) in erythrocyte membranes. We conclude that in @entity565 , the increase in SM contents is associated with @entity2915 which shows an imbalance in SM metabolism, directed toward its accumulation. The ratio of @entity165 to SM, critical for maintenance of lipid rafts, was significantly lower in asthmatics. This indicates changes in structure of lipid rafts which may lead to the pathophysiology and development of @entity565 . Regulation of SM metabolism may help in disease regulation and its control.

title: XXXX metabolism in erythrocyte membrane in @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['Sphingomyelin']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increased sphingomyelinase activity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4291 :: (CHEBI:17636,Chemical) :: ['Sphingomyelin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4291 (SM), a major lipid constituent of outer leaflet of plasma membranes, with @entity165 , constitutes microdomains, which are termed as lipid rafts. These rafts provide support to proteins, receptors, enzymes, and so on and organize and orient them to conduct cellular functions including transmembrane signaling to substances in external milieu. The SM contents are regulated by its metabolism, changes in which may affect the composition of lipid rafts and cell response to the triggers of @entity565 which may lead to the pathophysiology. For studying changes in membranes, erythrocytes, which contain lipid rafts, are considered to be the best cell type. Hence, this study was conducted on plasma membrane of erythrocytes of @entity748 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective is to understand the changes in SM metabolism in @entity565 . METHODS: The study included 50 subjects (25 asthmatics and 25 healthy subjects). Erythrocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood and membrane prepared. This was followed by determination of total @entity165 , phospholipids, SM, and sphingomyelinase activity. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In asthmatics, there was a significant decrease in @entity165 contents (p < .05), decrease in total phospholipid contents (p < .005), increase in SM (p < .01), decrease in @entity165 : SM ratio (p < .001) and increase in sphingomyelinase activity (p < .001) in erythrocyte membranes. We conclude that in @entity565 , the increase in SM contents is associated with @entity2915 which shows an imbalance in SM metabolism, directed toward its accumulation. The ratio of @entity165 to SM, critical for maintenance of lipid rafts, was significantly lower in asthmatics. This indicates changes in structure of lipid rafts which may lead to the pathophysiology and development of @entity565 . Regulation of SM metabolism may help in disease regulation and its control.

title: @entity4291 metabolism in erythrocyte membrane in XXXX .

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Copy number variants (CNVs) have recently been reported to be associated with several autoimmune conditions. Moreover, loci involved in immunity are enriched in CNVs. Therefore, we hypothesized that CNVs in immune genes associated with @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) may contribute to the etiology of disease. METHODS: One hundred ninety-one North American Caucasian @entity2743 @entity1 and 192 Caucasian controls were analyzed for CNVs in three major immune regulatory genes: @entity2936 , @entity5812 , and @entity4386 . Copy number was determined using quantitative-PCR (Q-PCR) assays specifically designed for determining copy numbers in genomic DNA. Additionally, a well-characterized @entity471 in the amylase gene was typed in a separate dataset of DNA samples that were derived from cell lines or blood. RESULTS: No CNVs could be confirmed in the @entity2936 and @entity4386 genes, even though a @entity2936 @entity471 is cataloged in the Database of Genomic Variants. Only the @entity5812 @entity471 was confirmed in our cohort, but it was rare and appeared in only two individuals. A key finding was that the source of DNA has a significant effect on @entity471 typing. There was a statistically significant increase in amylase locus deletions in cell line-derived DNA compared to blood-derived DNA samples. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity471 analysis should be performed only using blood-derived DNA Samples. Additionally, the @entity4386 , @entity2936 , and @entity5812 loci do not harbor CNVs that play a role in the etiology of @entity2743 .

title: Analysis of immune regulatory genes' copy number variants in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: Favorable long-term @entity1 outcome after insertion of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as a bridge to recovery or destination therapy for the treatment of end-stage @entity296 is adversely affected by pathophysiologic changes affecting the heart. Alterations in the native aortic valve apparatus, specifically aortic valve cusp fusion, is an example of such a phenomenon and may especially affect @entity1 in cases of bridge to recovery, a rare but reported event. A retrospective review of the last 33 LVAD placements at our institution was conducted, including reviews of operative reports and pathologic examinations of the native hearts. Seven hearts were found to have varying degrees of aortic valve cusp fusion after chronic LVAD support (63-1, 339 days). Five of these @entity1 had native aortic valves, and two had bioprosthetic valves. The left ventricular outflow tracts in two @entity1 were surgically occluded at the time of LVAD insertion. Aortic valve cusp fusion occurs in roughly 25% of @entity1 on chronic LVAD support. This phenomenon may prove to be clinically significant by creating a potential source of @entity281 . In addition, in the case of @entity296 , left @entity3585 could limit parallel flow and produce suprasystemic ventricular pressures that in turn would elevate left ventricular end diastolic pressures. The latter may contribute to further @entity296 , ultimately limiting the ability of an otherwise recovered heart to be weaned from LVAD support.

title: XXXX associated with chronic ventricular assist device support.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['emboli and infection']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial injury', 'myocardial recovery']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

answer: @entity3585 :: (MESH:D014694,Disease) :: ['Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) are becoming first-line therapies for the treatment of @entity323 and preservation (rehabilitation) of erectile function following treatment for @entity263 . Currently, there is limited efficacy of the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in elderly @entity1 , or @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity453 . AIM: The article aims to study the role of @entity34882 in @entity1 following @entity263 therapy. RESULTS: Alternative therapies such as @entity34882 have emerged as one of the primary options for @entity1 refractory to oral therapy. @entity34882 has also been successfully used in combination treatment with oral therapy and penile injections. More recently, there has been interest in the use of @entity34882 in early intervention protocols to encourage corporeal rehabilitation and prevention of @entity5501 . This is evident by the preservation of @entity546 and girth that is seen with early use of the @entity34882 following radical prostatectomy. There are ongoing studies to help preserve @entity546 and girth with early use of @entity34882 following prostate brachytherapy and external beam radiation for @entity263 . Recently, there has also been interest in the use of @entity34882 to help maintain @entity546 following surgical correction of @entity545 and to increase penile size prior to implantation of the penile prosthesis. CONCLUSION: @entity1652 can be one of the options for penile rehabilitation after @entity263 therapy.

title: @entity1652 revisited: its emerging role in the treatment of XXXX and early penile rehabilitation following @entity263 therapy.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['Vacuum erection devices', 'VEDs']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['postradical prostatectomy veno-occlusive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile length']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) are becoming first-line therapies for the treatment of @entity323 and preservation (rehabilitation) of erectile function following treatment for @entity263 . Currently, there is limited efficacy of the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in elderly @entity1 , or @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity453 . AIM: The article aims to study the role of @entity34882 in @entity1 following @entity263 therapy. RESULTS: Alternative therapies such as @entity34882 have emerged as one of the primary options for @entity1 refractory to oral therapy. @entity34882 has also been successfully used in combination treatment with oral therapy and penile injections. More recently, there has been interest in the use of @entity34882 in early intervention protocols to encourage corporeal rehabilitation and prevention of @entity5501 . This is evident by the preservation of @entity546 and girth that is seen with early use of the @entity34882 following radical prostatectomy. There are ongoing studies to help preserve @entity546 and girth with early use of @entity34882 following prostate brachytherapy and external beam radiation for @entity263 . Recently, there has also been interest in the use of @entity34882 to help maintain @entity546 following surgical correction of @entity545 and to increase penile size prior to implantation of the penile prosthesis. CONCLUSION: @entity1652 can be one of the options for penile rehabilitation after @entity263 therapy.

title: @entity1652 revisited: its emerging role in the treatment of @entity323 and early penile rehabilitation following XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) are becoming first-line therapies for the treatment of @entity323 and preservation (rehabilitation) of erectile function following treatment for @entity263 . Currently, there is limited efficacy of the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in elderly @entity1 , or @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity453 . AIM: The article aims to study the role of @entity34882 in @entity1 following @entity263 therapy. RESULTS: Alternative therapies such as @entity34882 have emerged as one of the primary options for @entity1 refractory to oral therapy. @entity34882 has also been successfully used in combination treatment with oral therapy and penile injections. More recently, there has been interest in the use of @entity34882 in early intervention protocols to encourage corporeal rehabilitation and prevention of @entity5501 . This is evident by the preservation of @entity546 and girth that is seen with early use of the @entity34882 following radical prostatectomy. There are ongoing studies to help preserve @entity546 and girth with early use of @entity34882 following prostate brachytherapy and external beam radiation for @entity263 . Recently, there has also been interest in the use of @entity34882 to help maintain @entity546 following surgical correction of @entity545 and to increase penile size prior to implantation of the penile prosthesis. CONCLUSION: @entity1652 can be one of the options for penile rehabilitation after @entity263 therapy.

title: XXXX revisited: its emerging role in the treatment of @entity323 and early penile rehabilitation following @entity263 therapy.

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['Vacuum erection devices']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse pathophysiology of adhesions and their link with chronic @entity2371 , as well as therapeutic and prevention options as reported in the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of articles and consensus conferences published on this topic in the Medline (Pubmed) database, selected according to their scientific relevance. RESULTS: Postoperative adhesions are responsible for a specific morbidity combining @entity1118 , @entity1744 , @entity249 , and morbidity increase in the event of subsequent surgery. @entity1118 in previously operated on @entity1 can be linked to postoperative adhesions. Ultrasonography and dynamic MRI can recognize intra abdominal adhesions, but cannot definitely link them to the @entity2531 . The prevention of adhesions is done firstly by respecting surgical rules concerning laparoscopic and open surgical approaches, and secondly by the use of anti-adhesion products. Pharmacological adhesion prevention systems decrease the frequency and extent of adhesions. Their efficiency has been proved by studies with substantial evidence levels. @entity1 suffering from potentially adhesion-induced chronic @entity490 can benefit from a laparoscopic adhesiolysis, which improved @entity158 symptoms in more than 50% of @entity1 , but exposes to the risk of complications, such as @entity130 . CONCLUSION: The decision to perform adhesiolysis should be taken for each @entity1 individually, while taking in consideration the benefit-to-risk ratio. Adhesion relapse after adhesiolysis is a frequent phenomenon, but can be reduced by the use of anti-adhesion products.

title: [Adhesions and chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['painful symptoms']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal and pelvic pains']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pains', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bowel injury']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: The @entity1 endometrium develops new capillaries from existing microvessels, i.e. angiogenesis, which then undergo maturation and remodeling, i.e. investment of microvessels with periendothelial mural cells, into a new vascular network during each menstrual cycle. Improper vascularization of the endometrium may cause implantation failure and @entity249 . @entity172 and @entity1420 have pivotal roles in establishing this vascular bed, but the cellular sites and mechanisms of action of these @entity134 hormones are incompletely understood. @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity3658 , and @entity877 and their receptors are expressed in the @entity1 and nonhuman primate endometrium and interact to control vascular development and remodeling. @entity7 synthesis within and neovascularization of the endometrium seem to be sustained and ongoing processes designed to progressively promote growth and development of the endometrium with advancing stages of the menstrual cycle. However, @entity172 rapidly upregulates @entity7 expression by endometrial glandular epithelial and stromal cells in vivo in the nonhuman primate and in vitro in the @entity1 . Reports of the effects of @entity1420 on endometrial @entity7 formation, however, are inconsistent and may reflect regulatory actions on particular isoforms of @entity7 . In addition, @entity172 has effects on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, which may be direct or mediated by @entity7 . Very little is known, however, about the @entity134 hormone regulation of other angiostimulatory and angioinhibitory factors, e.g. @entity23876 , in the endometrium. Moreover, the role of @entity134 hormones acting directly, or indirectly via @entity7 and other angiogenic factors, on expression of integrins, cell adhesion and other molecules required for cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions important for angiogenesis in the @entity1 and nonhuman primate endometrium is largely unknown. Finally, further study is needed of cell-specific responsivity and function in the @entity1 endometrium with respect to @entity134 hormone regulation of angiogenesis.

title: XXXX hormone regulation of angiogenesis in the primate endometrium.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: We examined whether volume kinetic variables obtained during infusion of a short bolus of 0.9% saline (NS) or 7.5% saline/6.0% dextran 70 ( @entity22945 ) predict the dilution-time curve resulting from a 20-min infusion of the same fluid. Each of six conscious, splenectomized @entity742 (mean body weight, 36 +/- 3 kg), on 4 different days, in a random order, received each of 4 IV boluses: NS at a rate of 1.2 mL. kg(-1). min(-1) over 5 min or 20 min or 4.0 mL/kg of @entity22945 over 2 min or 20 min. One, 2, and 3-volume kinetic models were fitted to the dilution of the arterial hemoglobin concentration and the urinary excretion as sampled during 180 min. The maximum dilution of arterial plasma at the end of the 5-min and 20-min infusions of NS was approximately 10% and 22%, respectively, and after the 2-min and 20-min infusions of @entity22945 , maximum dilution was 24% and 21%, respectively. The median absolute performance error was virtually identical when the mean variable estimates from the 5-min infusion of NS were used to predict the individual dilution-time curves of the 5-min (mean, 0.027 dilution units) and 20-min (mean, 0.027) infusions and when the 2-min infusion of @entity22945 was used to predict the dilution during the individual 2-min (mean, 0.050) and 20-min infusions (mean, 0.047). Computer simulations indicated that the difference at the end of infusion between the volume effects of NS and @entity22945 is larger after longer infusions. We concluded that the volume kinetic variables obtained during a short infusion can be used to predict the outcome of a longer one, even if the longer infusion also delivers a larger volume. IMPLICATIONS: Kinetic analysis of a short infusion of 7.5% saline/6% dextran or 0.9% saline accurately predicts the effects of a longer infusion of the same volume (7.5% saline/6% dextran) or of a larger volume (0.9% saline).

title: Influence of rate and volume of infusion on the kinetics of 0.9% saline and 7.5% saline/6.0% dextran 70 in XXXX .

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: We surveyed current German practice in @entity86 (EA). Of 300 questionnaires sent anonymously, 147 (49%) were returned fully completed. A 24-h @entity12761 ( @entity12761 ) was offered in 41% of German hospitals. Seventy percent of the large teaching hospitals (>1000 beds) offered an @entity12761 , whereas just 9% of the hospitals of <500 beds provided an @entity12761 . Small-size hospitals (<200 beds) preferred @entity1342 as the local anesthetic (LA) in contrast to large teaching hospitals using more @entity1341 than @entity1342 . In the general ward setting, 36% of the respondents used plain LA, and 64% combined the LA with an opioid. If @entity1342 was used, 0.2% was the most popular concentration (78%), combined with @entity1286 (17%), @entity3575 (14%), or @entity681 (75%). If @entity1341 was used, 0.25% was the preferred concentration (30%), combined with @entity1286 (40%), @entity3575 (8%), or @entity681 (60%). On wards, 58% of German anesthetic departments used continuous epidural infusion, 57% bolus doses, and 20% @entity1 -controlled EA mode. We conclude that the availability of a 24-h @entity12761 (41%) in German hospitals corresponds favorably to international data. EA with the combination of LAs and opioids was the most common modality in the ward setting. IMPLICATIONS: We surveyed current German practice in @entity86 . We found that the availability of a 24-h @entity12761 (41%) in German hospitals corresponds favorably to international practice. Epidural analgesia with the combination of local anesthetics and opioids was the most common modality in the ward setting.

title: Current practice in XXXX : a german survey.

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative epidural analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['acute pain service', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative epidural analgesia']


abstract: The cellular actions of @entity134 hormone @entity1420 (P) are mediated via its nuclear receptors, which regulate the expression of specific target genes. The identity of gene networks that are regulated by the P receptors (PRs) in the uterus at various stages of the reproductive cycle and pregnancy, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, we have used oligonucleotide microarrays to identify mRNAs whose expression in the pregnant @entity19 uterus is modulated by @entity3927 , a well-characterized PR antagonist, which is also an effective inhibitor of implantation. We found that, in response to @entity3927 , expression of mRNAs corresponding to 78 known genes was down-regulated at least 2-fold in the preimplantation @entity19 uterus. The PR regulation of several of these genes was ascertained by administering P to ovariectomized wild-type and PR knockout (PRKO) @entity19 . Detailed spatio-temporal analysis of these genes in the pregnant uterus indicated that their expression in the epithelium and stroma could be correlated with the expression of PR in those cell types. Furthermore, time-course studies suggested that many of these genes are likely primary targets of PR regulation. We also identified 70 known genes that were up-regulated at least 2-fold in the pregnant uterus in response to @entity3927 . Interestingly, initial examination of a number of @entity3927 -inducible genes reveals that their uterine expression is also regulated by @entity172 . The identification of several novel PR-regulated gene pathways in the reproductive tract is an important step toward understanding how P regulates the physiological events leading to implantation.

title: A genomic approach to identify novel XXXX receptor regulated pathways in the uterus during implantation.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']