abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the favorable prognosis for @entity0 ( @entity0 ), the guidelines for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 have not been clearly established. This study investigated the prognostic role of adjuvant chemotherapy in Korean @entity1 with node-negative (N0), @entity549 ( @entity549 ) @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: We included data from 252 @entity1 with N0 @entity549 @entity0 , obtained from the Korean Breast Cancer Registry database. @entity1 were categorized as those who did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy (group I) or those who did (group II). Clinicopathological characteristics, @entity0 -specific survival (BCSS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between the groups. In addition, a subgroup analysis for survival based on @entity5 size was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 252 N0 @entity549 @entity0 @entity1 with @entity5 sizes >1 cm who were diagnosed between April 1997 and March 2011 were enrolled. The median age was 44.95 years (range, 25-72 years), and the median follow-up period was 93.94 months (range, 23-195 months). Overall, the BCSS and @entity1349 in group II (97.3% and 97.3%, respectively) were significantly better compared with those in group I (89.2% and 86.2%, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, in @entity1 with @entity5 >2 cm in size, those in group II had significant better BCSS and @entity1349 (97.5% and 97.5%, respectively) compared with those in group I (78.3% and 73.9%, respectively). In contrast in those with @entity5 1-2 cm in size, there were no significant differences in BCSS and @entity1349 between the groups (both 97.1% for group I, and 95.2% and 92.9%, respectively for group II). Multivariate analysis revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved BCSS (P = 0.009) and @entity1349 (P = 0.007), but only for @entity1 with @entity5 (>2 cm). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with N0 @entity549 @entity0 , adjuvant chemotherapy had a significant clinical survival benefit, but only in those with @entity5 >2 cm.

title: Prognostic Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Node-Negative (N0), @entity549 ( @entity549 ), Medullary Breast Cancer ( XXXX ) in the Korean Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['medullary breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'larger tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['triple-negative', 'TN']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['MBC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the favorable prognosis for @entity0 ( @entity0 ), the guidelines for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 have not been clearly established. This study investigated the prognostic role of adjuvant chemotherapy in Korean @entity1 with node-negative (N0), @entity549 ( @entity549 ) @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: We included data from 252 @entity1 with N0 @entity549 @entity0 , obtained from the Korean Breast Cancer Registry database. @entity1 were categorized as those who did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy (group I) or those who did (group II). Clinicopathological characteristics, @entity0 -specific survival (BCSS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between the groups. In addition, a subgroup analysis for survival based on @entity5 size was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 252 N0 @entity549 @entity0 @entity1 with @entity5 sizes >1 cm who were diagnosed between April 1997 and March 2011 were enrolled. The median age was 44.95 years (range, 25-72 years), and the median follow-up period was 93.94 months (range, 23-195 months). Overall, the BCSS and @entity1349 in group II (97.3% and 97.3%, respectively) were significantly better compared with those in group I (89.2% and 86.2%, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, in @entity1 with @entity5 >2 cm in size, those in group II had significant better BCSS and @entity1349 (97.5% and 97.5%, respectively) compared with those in group I (78.3% and 73.9%, respectively). In contrast in those with @entity5 1-2 cm in size, there were no significant differences in BCSS and @entity1349 between the groups (both 97.1% for group I, and 95.2% and 92.9%, respectively for group II). Multivariate analysis revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved BCSS (P = 0.009) and @entity1349 (P = 0.007), but only for @entity1 with @entity5 (>2 cm). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with N0 @entity549 @entity0 , adjuvant chemotherapy had a significant clinical survival benefit, but only in those with @entity5 >2 cm.

title: Prognostic Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Node-Negative (N0), XXXX ( @entity549 ), Medullary Breast Cancer ( @entity0 ) in the Korean Population.

answer: @entity549 :: (MESH:D064726,Disease) :: ['Triple-Negative']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the favorable prognosis for @entity0 ( @entity0 ), the guidelines for the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 have not been clearly established. This study investigated the prognostic role of adjuvant chemotherapy in Korean @entity1 with node-negative (N0), @entity549 ( @entity549 ) @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: We included data from 252 @entity1 with N0 @entity549 @entity0 , obtained from the Korean Breast Cancer Registry database. @entity1 were categorized as those who did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy (group I) or those who did (group II). Clinicopathological characteristics, @entity0 -specific survival (BCSS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between the groups. In addition, a subgroup analysis for survival based on @entity5 size was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 252 N0 @entity549 @entity0 @entity1 with @entity5 sizes >1 cm who were diagnosed between April 1997 and March 2011 were enrolled. The median age was 44.95 years (range, 25-72 years), and the median follow-up period was 93.94 months (range, 23-195 months). Overall, the BCSS and @entity1349 in group II (97.3% and 97.3%, respectively) were significantly better compared with those in group I (89.2% and 86.2%, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, in @entity1 with @entity5 >2 cm in size, those in group II had significant better BCSS and @entity1349 (97.5% and 97.5%, respectively) compared with those in group I (78.3% and 73.9%, respectively). In contrast in those with @entity5 1-2 cm in size, there were no significant differences in BCSS and @entity1349 between the groups (both 97.1% for group I, and 95.2% and 92.9%, respectively for group II). Multivariate analysis revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved BCSS (P = 0.009) and @entity1349 (P = 0.007), but only for @entity1 with @entity5 (>2 cm). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with N0 @entity549 @entity0 , adjuvant chemotherapy had a significant clinical survival benefit, but only in those with @entity5 >2 cm.

title: Prognostic Role of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Node-Negative (N0), @entity549 ( XXXX ), Medullary Breast Cancer ( @entity0 ) in the Korean Population.

answer: @entity549 :: (MESH:D064726,Disease) :: ['TN']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: The @entity341 ( @entity341 ) is an important focal point for @entity748 individuals with uncontrolled illness. Anecdotally, many adults presenting to the @entity341 with acute @entity565 are active cigarette smokers. The present study determined the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults presenting to the @entity341 with acute @entity565 and identified the factors associated with current smoking status. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study conducted as part of the Multicenter Airway Research Collaboration. @entity1 : A structured interview was performed in 1,847 @entity1 , ages 18 to 54 years, who presented to the @entity341 with acute @entity565 . SETTING: Sixty-four EDs in 21 US states and 4 Canadian provinces. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of the enrolled @entity748 @entity1 were current smokers with a median of 10 pack-years (interquartile range, 4 to 20 pack-years), while 23% were former smokers, and 42% were never-smokers. Current smokers comprised 33% of @entity748 @entity1 aged 18 to 29 years, 40% for ages 30 to 39 years, and 33% for ages 40 to 54 (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, the factors independently associated with current smoking status (p < 0.05) were as follows: age 30 to 39 years; white race/ethnicity; non-high school graduate; lower household income; lack of private insurance; no recent inhaled @entity134 usage; and no history of systemic @entity134 usage. Although 50% of current smokers admitted that smoking worsens their @entity565 symptoms, only 4% stated that smoking was responsible for their current exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS: Although cigarette smoke is generally recognized as a respiratory irritant, cigarette smoking is common among adults presenting to the @entity341 with acute @entity565 . The @entity341 visit may provide an opportunity for @entity1 to be targeted for smoking cessation efforts.

title: Cigarette smoking among XXXX adults presenting to 64 emergency departments.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether differences in @entity387 severity between @entity1 and @entity1 referred to a sleep clinic are related to the differences in neck circumference (NC). STUDY DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: University hospital @entity25 clinic. @entity1 : A total of 3,942 @entity1 (2,753 @entity1 and 1,189 @entity1 ) referred to the sleep clinic. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent nocturnal polysomnography. NC was used as a surrogate measure of upper airway @entity28 . We found that @entity387 , defined an the @entity386 / @entity387 index (AHI) > 10/h, was significantly more frequent (60% vs 32%, chi(2) < 0.0001) and severe (mean +/- SE, 25 +/- 26/h vs 12 +/- 19/h, p < 0.0001) in @entity1 than in @entity1 . @entity1 had significantly larger NC than @entity1 , but the difference became much less pronounced when we normalized NC to body height (0.24 +/- 0.02 vs 0.23 +/- 0.03, p < 0.0001). @entity1 had significantly higher AHI than @entity1 even after controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), and neck/height ratio (NHR); analysis of covariance showed that mean AHI was 24.4 +/- 0.4 in @entity1 vs 14.8 +/- 0.7 in @entity1 (p < 0.0001). This difference persisted even when we matched @entity1 and @entity1 for NHR and BMI. Finally, multiple regression analysis revealed the following: (1) NHR was the most significant predictor of AHI, accounting for 19% of the variability; and (2) the slope of AHI vs NHR was significantly higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude the following: (1) the frequency and severity of @entity387 in the sleep clinic population is greater in @entity1 than @entity1 , and (2) factors other than NC, age, and BMI must contribute to these gender differences.

title: Gender differences in XXXX : the role of neck circumference.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea', 'sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['sleep apnea']


abstract: Whereas controversial, several studies have suggested that @entity842 (NO) alters cardiac contractility via @entity6708 , @entity6710 , or @entity12874 synthetase (PARS) activation. This study determined whether burn-related upregulation of myocardial inducible NO synthase ( @entity13633 ) and NO generation contributes to burn-mediated cardiac @entity409 . @entity19 homozygous null for the @entity13633 gene ( @entity13633 knockouts) were obtained from Jackson Laboratory. @entity13633 knockouts (KO) as well as wild-type @entity19 were given a cutaneous burn over 40% of the total body surface area by the application of brass probes (1 x 2 x 0.3 cm) heated to 100 degrees C to the animals' sides and back for 5 s ( @entity13633 /KO burn and wild-type burn). Additional groups of @entity13633 KO and wild-type @entity19 served as appropriate sham burn groups ( @entity13633 /KO sham and wild-type sham). Cardiac function was assessed 24 h postburn by perfusing hearts (n = 7-10 @entity19 /group). @entity130 in wild-type @entity19 @entity299 as indicated by the lower left ventricular pressure (LVP, 67 +/- 2 mmHg) compared with that measured in wild-type shams (94 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.001), a lower rate of LVP rise (+dP/dtmax, 1,620 +/- 94 vs. 2,240 +/- 58 mmHg/s, P < 0.001), and a lower rate of LVP fall (-dP/dtmax, 1,200 +/- 84 vs. 1,800 +/- 42 mmHg/s, P < 0.001). Ventricular function curves confirmed significant @entity409 after burn @entity130 in wild-type @entity19 . @entity130 in @entity13633 KO @entity19 produced fewer @entity299 compared with those observed in wild-type burns (LVP: 78 +/- 5 mmHg; +dP/dt: 1,889 +/- 160 mmHg/s; -dP/dt: 1,480 +/- 154 mmHg/s). The use of a pharmacological approach to inhibit @entity13633 ( @entity5118 , given ip) in additional wild-type shams and burns confirmed the @entity13633 KO data. Whereas the absence of @entity13633 attenuated burn-mediated cardiac @entity409 , these experiments did not determine the contribution of cardiac-derived NO versus NO generated by immune cells. However, our data indicate a role for NO in @entity299 after major @entity130 .

title: Molecular and pharmacological approaches to inhibiting @entity842 after burn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ADP ribose)']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac derangements', 'cardiac dysfunction', 'impaired cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Burn trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Whereas controversial, several studies have suggested that @entity842 (NO) alters cardiac contractility via @entity6708 , @entity6710 , or @entity12874 synthetase (PARS) activation. This study determined whether burn-related upregulation of myocardial inducible NO synthase ( @entity13633 ) and NO generation contributes to burn-mediated cardiac @entity409 . @entity19 homozygous null for the @entity13633 gene ( @entity13633 knockouts) were obtained from Jackson Laboratory. @entity13633 knockouts (KO) as well as wild-type @entity19 were given a cutaneous burn over 40% of the total body surface area by the application of brass probes (1 x 2 x 0.3 cm) heated to 100 degrees C to the animals' sides and back for 5 s ( @entity13633 /KO burn and wild-type burn). Additional groups of @entity13633 KO and wild-type @entity19 served as appropriate sham burn groups ( @entity13633 /KO sham and wild-type sham). Cardiac function was assessed 24 h postburn by perfusing hearts (n = 7-10 @entity19 /group). @entity130 in wild-type @entity19 @entity299 as indicated by the lower left ventricular pressure (LVP, 67 +/- 2 mmHg) compared with that measured in wild-type shams (94 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.001), a lower rate of LVP rise (+dP/dtmax, 1,620 +/- 94 vs. 2,240 +/- 58 mmHg/s, P < 0.001), and a lower rate of LVP fall (-dP/dtmax, 1,200 +/- 84 vs. 1,800 +/- 42 mmHg/s, P < 0.001). Ventricular function curves confirmed significant @entity409 after burn @entity130 in wild-type @entity19 . @entity130 in @entity13633 KO @entity19 produced fewer @entity299 compared with those observed in wild-type burns (LVP: 78 +/- 5 mmHg; +dP/dt: 1,889 +/- 160 mmHg/s; -dP/dt: 1,480 +/- 154 mmHg/s). The use of a pharmacological approach to inhibit @entity13633 ( @entity5118 , given ip) in additional wild-type shams and burns confirmed the @entity13633 KO data. Whereas the absence of @entity13633 attenuated burn-mediated cardiac @entity409 , these experiments did not determine the contribution of cardiac-derived NO versus NO generated by immune cells. However, our data indicate a role for NO in @entity299 after major @entity130 .

title: Molecular and pharmacological approaches to inhibiting XXXX after burn @entity130 .

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Personal experience and results about the surgical treatment of @entity2869 using the open technique operation are reported. METHODS: Between January 1984 and June 2001, 577 @entity1 (457 males and 120 females) underwent this surgical technique. Eighty-five @entity1 presented recurrences of the under-lying disease previously treated with closed technique in other centres. In order to reduce the risks of recurrence, @entity2869 was widely resected in order to remove every fistulous track laterally or towards the anal edge. The surgical wound has to be wide, carefully drained, without vertical walls: the outer part of the wound should be wider than its bottom. The persistence of a hairless scar is a suitable result to avoid relapses. RESULTS: This surgical technique allowed very good RESULTS: Postsurgical morbidity was not observed in these @entity1 ; the median time to achieve healing was 8+/-2 weeks. Furthermore, after a 3 year follow-up, only 4 @entity1 (0.69%) relapsed. Recurrent dressings are needed; anyway they neither represent a limit of this technique nor lead to a long term absence from working. The postsurgical period of resting is quite similar to that usually prescribed after other surgical techniques and mainly depends on the @entity1 nature. The treatment with connective tissue repairing drugs may be useful to obtain an effective healing. CONCLUSIONS: In the authors' experience, the open surgical technique may obtain the definitive @entity2869 , even if particularly wide, with a safe postsurgical course and a very hight percentage (99.31%) of complete healing without any relapse.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX with open surgical technique].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['removal of pilonidal sinus', 'pilonidal sinus']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus']


abstract: @entity14 are a common and frequently fatal illness. Presence of distance metastases from @entity14 does not preclude therapeutic treatments. Surgical resection is the standard treatment for hepatic colorectal metastasis. Some good results in hepatic metastasectomy are due to the progress of radiology which allows not only early findings of metastatic pathology but defines a surgical technique planning. @entity1 who are candidates for surgical resection are those with no extrahepatic pathology, resectable hepatic metastases with 1 cm of disease free margin and adequate residual parenchyma. Recurren-ces are shown in two thirds of surgical @entity1 ; this suggests that microscopic pathology persists commonly even after resection and that adjuvant therapy is critical. In recent years, many palliative techniques for @entity96 have been developed. Potentially useful role of these techniques is ablation of small lesions in @entity1 with contraindications to hepatic resection, small recurrences not resectable, and not resectable @entity5 diffuse in both lobes. Accurate follow-up is essential after hepatic metastasectomy. In conclusion, @entity1 with hepatic potentially resectable colorectal metastases should be evaluated by an expert surgeon, because better long-term outcome is derived from surgical resection.

title: [The role of surgery in the treatment of hepatic metastases from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasm', 'Colorectal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cancers']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: For @entity1 with adult chronic @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) splenectomy (SE) is a highly effective treatment, but there are still uncertainties regarding the long-term efficacy and safety. We evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of SE in 48 consecutive adult @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 (26 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ) who underwent SE between 1990 and 2001 at the General Hospital in Vienna, Austria. All @entity1 had no remission after @entity134 treatment and were @entity134 dependent. The median age at the time of SE was 44 years (range: 16-77 years). Of 48 @entity1 , 37 achieved a complete remission (CR, platelet count >100 x 10(9)/l), 8 a partial remission (PR) (platelet count 30-100 x 10(9)/l), and 2 had no response (NR). The probability of the overall survival was 98% at a median postsplenectomy observation time of 3.5 years. Seven @entity1 with CR and four @entity1 with PR relapsed. There were no relapses after 1 year. The probability of continuous complete remission (CCR) at 10 years was 79%. The probability of having a platelet count of >100 x 10(9)/l or >30 x 10(9)/l was 61% and 67%, respectively, at 5 and 10 years after splenectomy. Of the 11 relapsed @entity1 , 5 had a second CR ( n=3) or PR ( n=2). The postoperative platelet count was the best predictor for a long-term remission. All @entity1 with postoperative platelet counts >250 x 10(9)/l remained in CR. @entity1 aged >45 years had a similar success rate as compared with younger @entity1 . Three @entity1 had @entity281 (one @entity55 and two fever of unknown origin) requiring hospitalization, but none had overwhelming @entity295 .

title: Efficacy and safety of splenectomy in adult chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: Factor XII, @entity18036 (PK) and @entity13474 ( @entity13474 ) clotting activities and antigen concentrations in @entity8 @entity1 were studied. Chronic hemodialysis led to a reduction of F XII, PK and @entity13474 clotting activities. F XII and PK antigen levels were also low. In contrast, the @entity13474 antigen was normal with respect to concentration as well as electrophoretic migration behaviour on 2 D-immunelectrophoresis. In kidney transplant recipients more than three month after the transplantation, we found an increased of F XII and PK clotting activities, which appeared to depend on the time elapsed since the operation. However, the antigen levels remained normal. The group of @entity740 @entity1 not requiring hemodialysis exhibited normal mean values of all three clotting activities as well as normal F XII and @entity13474 antigen levels. The PK antigen was reduced. However, a separate evaluation of F XII clotting activities (F XII:C) in @entity1 with @entity8 showed elevated F XII:C which correlated with the BUN values. During acute processes of the @entity8 we observed very high PK clotting activities, which normalized with stabilization of the @entity1 . Our results show that the contact phase coagulation factors behave abnormally in certain @entity8 @entity1 .

title: Clotting activities and antigen concentrations of contact factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular nephritis', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity18036 :: ('MESH:D011288', 'Chemical') :: ['prekallikrein']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity13474 :: ('3827', 'Gene') :: ['high molecular weight kininogen', 'HMWK']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney disease']


abstract: A 2-month-old male @entity1 with severe @entity1353 was diagnosed as having right @entity20194 at birth and was admitted to our hospital after tracheal intubation with an endotracheal tube of 3 mm in diameter. However, the @entity825 was too stenotic to place the tube in the proper position. Chest X-ray on admission showed @entity55 of the left lung. Preoperative chest computed tomography (CT) scan and bronchoscopy showed that from the level of 12 mm beneath the coricoid cartilage, the @entity825 tapered and continuing to the tracheal carina and that the smallest tracheal level was located 18 mm distal from the coricoid cartilage, the area of which was 4 mm2. His @entity1576 rapidly deteriorated in spite of intravenous administration of antibiotics and mechanical ventilation. Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) was used to maintain his pulmonary function, and pericardial tracheoplasty was performed. Chest X-ray immediately after the operation did not show left lung reexpansion due to severe @entity3126 . High-dose @entity134 pulse therapy was performed, but it was not effective. He died from acute @entity1576 due to @entity9972 ( @entity9972 ) on postoperative day 3. The outcome in this case shows that it is very risky to repair @entity6184 in a @entity1 with @entity55 using PCPS.

title: [Congenital tracheal stenosis due to complete cartilage rings with right XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory condition']

entities_list: @entity20194 :: ('MESH:C537725', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary agenesis']

entities_list: @entity9972 :: ('MESH:D012127', 'Disease') :: ['infantile respiratory distress syndrome', 'IRDS']

answer: @entity20194 :: (MESH:C537725,Disease) :: ['pulmonary agenesis']


abstract: CONTEXT:     @entity1 -rated outcome measures (PROMs) capture changes that are important and meaningful to @entity1 , such as health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Although group differences in HRQOL have been reported, little is known about the effect of injury history on HRQOL in collegiate athletes. OBJECTIVE:    To determine whether knee-specific function (International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form [IKDC]) and HRQOL (Short Form 12 [SF-12]) differs in collegiate athletes based on sex and the severity of a previous @entity3331 . DESIGN:    Cross-sectional study. SETTING:    Athletic training facilities. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 :    Healthy collegiate athletes (n = 263) were grouped based on self-report of a previous @entity3331 : severe (n = 47), mild (n = 40), and no (n = 176) @entity3331 . INTERVENTION(S):    @entity1 completed the IKDC and SF-12 during their preparticipation examinations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S):    Generalized linear models were used to assess interactions and main effects of all scores. RESULTS:    An interaction effect was observed for the SF-12 role physical subscale (P = .02), with @entity1 in the mild- and severe-injury groups reporting worse scores than @entity1 with no injury history. We noted a main effect for injury group for the IKDC total score (P < .001) and SF-12 physical functioning (P = .04) and role emotional (P = .04) subscales, with the severe-injury group reporting worse scores than the mild- and no-injury groups. No main effects of sex were reported (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS:    Despite returning to full participation, collegiate athletes who previously sustained severe @entity3331 tended to report worse knee-specific function and less ability to complete activities due to physical health. In addition, individuals with a history of severe @entity3331 tended to report more emotional concerns than athletes with a history of mild or no @entity3331 . Region-specific PROMs may be more sensitive in detecting deficits than generic PROMs after return to full participation. Researchers should investigate the role of PROMs, particularly region-specific PROMs, as potential screening tools for clinical care.

title: XXXX and Health-Related Quality of Life in Collegiate Athletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['knee injuries', 'knee injury']

answer: @entity3331 :: (MESH:D007718,Disease) :: ['Previous Knee Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1729 is a frequent complication in acute @entity385 , but it seems to have been made light of in @entity64 care. The purpose of this study is to examine the clinical characteristics of @entity1576 in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . METHOD: Two-hundred and fifty-eight consecutive @entity1 (158 @entity1 , 100 @entity1 , 70.6 +/- 12.9 years old) with acute @entity385 were admitted to our hospitals between May and October in 1999. Age, gender, history of @entity64 , the severity of @entity64 on admission, @entity64 subtype (lacunar @entity4798 , @entity4798 , @entity4798 , and others), @entity1173 , naso-gastric tube feeding, vascular risk factors, the length of hospital stay and outcome of @entity1 were noted. We compared them between @entity1 with and without @entity1729 . RESULTS: Forty-five (17.4%) @entity1 were developed @entity1729 . @entity64 @entity1 were more frequently developed @entity1729 (67%) compared with other @entity64 subtypes. The independent risk factors for @entity1576 by multiple logistic regression model were the @entity1173 (OR, 5.513; 95% CI, 1.793-16.946) and the severity of @entity64 on admission (OR, 1.090; 95% CI, 1.034-1.150). Mortality of @entity1 with @entity1576 was as high as 24%, and all survivors discharged to another hospital. After adjustment for age and the severity of @entity64 , @entity1729 was one of the independent risk factors of poor @entity64 outcome (OR, 5.838; 95% CI, 1.792-19.018). CONCLUSION: Aspiration and the severity of @entity64 independently predict development of @entity1576 in acute @entity385 . @entity1729 may make worse their @entity64 outcome. A measure to infectious complications and @entity1173 needs to be taken for the @entity1 suffering from severe @entity385 .

title: [Respiratory infectious complications after acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction', 'atherothrombotic brain infarction', 'cardioembolic brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Cardioembolic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infectious complications', 'respiratory infectious complication']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory infections', 'Respiratory infection', 'respiratory infections', 'respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: AIMS: To examine the diagnostic accuracy of sensitive cardiac troponin (cTn) assays in elderly @entity1 , since elevated levels with sensitive cTn assays were reported in 20% of elderly @entity1 without @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: In this multi-centre study, we included 1098 consecutive @entity1 presenting with symptoms suggestive of @entity583 , 406 (37%) were >70 years old. Measurement of three investigational sensitive cTn assays [Roche high-sensitive @entity10020 (hs- @entity10020 ), Siemens @entity6949 -Ultra, and Abbott-Architect @entity6949 ) and the standard assay (Roche @entity10020 ) was performed in a blinded fashion. The final diagnosis was adjudicated by two independent cardiologists. Acute @entity583 was the adjudicated final diagnosis in 24% of elderly @entity1 . Among elderly @entity1 without @entity583 , baseline cTn levels were elevated above the 99th percentile in 51% with Roche hs- @entity10020 , in 17% with Siemens TnI-Ultra, and 13% with Abbott-Architect @entity6949 . The diagnostic accuracy as quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was significantly greater for the sensitive cTn assays compared with the standard assay (AUC for Roche hs- @entity10020 , 0.94; Siemens @entity6949 -Ultra, 0.95; and Abbott-Architect @entity6949 , 0.95 vs. AUC for the standard assay, 0.90; P < 0.05 for comparisons). The best cut-offs for the sensitive cTn-assays determined by the ROC-curve in elderly @entity1 differed clearly from those in younger @entity1 . Furthermore, the prognostic value regarding 90-day mortality varied among the sensitive cTn assays. CONCLUSION: Sensitive cTn assays have high diagnostic accuracy also in the elderly. Mild elevations are common in elderly non- @entity583 @entity1 , therefore the optimal cut-off levels are substantially higher in elderly as compared with younger @entity1 . Furthermore, sensitive cTn assays yielded different prognostic value.

title: Early diagnosis of XXXX in the elderly using more sensitive cardiac troponin assays.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of genetic testing in undifferentiated @entity625 (UPIA). METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and abstracts presented at the 2007 and 2008 meetings of the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against @entity627 . The target studies were those evaluating diagnostic or prognostic value of genetic markers specifically in UPIA. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and reviewed included articles in detail. All data were collected using ad hoc standard forms, permitting the calculation of positive and negative likelihood ratios of each genetic marker for diagnoses of different @entity627 and for the development of relevant outcomes. RESULTS: Of the 3109 articles retrieved, 26 original studies fulfilled criteria of the systematic review. The most frequent diagnosis tested was @entity309 , followed by @entity32 , and @entity5145 . The main prognostic outcome evaluated was development of @entity2681 , followed by median Larsen score, remission, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score, and persistent @entity603 . In total, 122 genetic markers were tested. No genetic marker had a high likelihood ratio for the diagnosis of a specific @entity627 . The shared epitope was associated with poor prognosis ( @entity2681 , HAQ > 1, mortality, and persistent @entity603 ). Other genes did not predict outcome in undifferentiated @entity625 . Other outcomes for persistent @entity717 were not studied in depth. CONCLUSION: In isolation, no studied genetic marker is very informative of a future diagnosis in @entity1 with UPIA. The shared epitope has a slight association with poor prognosis of UPIA.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic value of genetics in undifferentiated XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism', 'rheumatic diseases', 'rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral inflammatory arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathies']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['disease or disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['peripheral inflammatory arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop an algorithm for identification of undifferentiated @entity625 (UPIA). METHODS: An algorithm for identification of UPIA was developed by consensus during a roundtable meeting with an expert panel. It was informed by systematic reviews of the literature used to generate 10 recommendations for the investigation and followup of UPIA through the 3e initiative. The final recommendations from the 3e UPIA Initiative were made available to the panel to guide development of the algorithm. The algorithm drew on the clinical experience of the consensus panel and evidence from the literature where available. RESULTS: In @entity1 presenting with @entity4 a thorough evaluation is required prior to diagnosing UPIA. After excluding trauma, the differential diagnosis should be formulated based on history and physical examination. A minimum set of investigations is suggested for all @entity1 , with additional ones dependent on the most probable differential diagnoses. The diagnosis of UPIA can be made if, following these evaluations, a more specific diagnosis is not reached. Once a diagnosis of UPIA is established, @entity1 should be closely followed as they may progress to a specific diagnosis, remit, or persist as UPIA, and additional investigations may be required over time. CONCLUSION: Our algorithm presents a diagnostic approach to identifying UPIA in @entity1 presenting with @entity4 , incorporating the dynamic nature of the condition with the potential to evolve over time.

title: Algorithm for identification of undifferentiated XXXX : a multinational collaboration through the 3e initiative.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['joint swelling']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral inflammatory arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['peripheral inflammatory arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous studies suggested that @entity27 ( @entity27 ) was associated with @entity726 . However, data on this issue are controversial. This study aims to use meta-analysis to determine whether @entity27 is related to @entity726 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, the Web of Science, and the Chinese BioMedical Literature Database disk databases up to November 20, 2014 for related literature. The association of @entity27 with @entity726 was assessed by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) as the effect size. Then subgroup analysis was performed according to area and @entity726 type. RESULTS: Six primary studies (3 cohort study and 3 case-control studies) were included in this meta-analysis involving 2,288,701 @entity1 . There was a significant association between @entity27 and @entity726 (adjusted-effect summary for case-control studies OR=2.46; 95% CI, 1.32-4.59, P=0.005) (adjusted-effect summary for cohort studies OR=1.43; 95% CI, 1.21-1.69, P=0.000). There was no significant publication bias. CONCLUSION: @entity27 was a risk factor for @entity726 . A large number of studies is needed to explore the mechanisms that link @entity27 with @entity726 .

title: Meta-Analysis of Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pyogenic infections of the lumbar spine are a rare but critical pathology, yet with considerably high mortality rates. In cases indicating surgical therapy, the implantation of @entity702 cages or autologous bone grafts represent today's gold standard. Although non-metallic implants such as @entity12316 ( @entity12316 ) have proven to be advantageous in diverse degenerative conditions, their saftey and practicability in lumbar spine infection remains questionable. Moreover, the efficacy of a single-step radical debridement of the infected disc space with subsequent fusion from a strictly posterior approach continues to be an issue of debate. We therefore sought to evaluate the feasibility, clinical and radiological outcome of a single-step TLIF procedure using oblique @entity12316 cages in the surgical management of @entity1 with lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 . METHODS: From January 2009 through December 2013, all @entity1 meeting the indication for surgical treatment of lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 were included. @entity1 demonstrating intact cortical bone on preoperative CT received a single-step radical debridement of the infected intervertebral disc space, posterior screw-and-rod instrumentation and implantation of an oblique @entity12316 cage using the TLIF technique. Oral antibiotics were continued for 12  weeks postoperatively and clinical and radiological results recorded throughout a minimum 1-year clinical follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 104 @entity1 were admitted to receive surgical therapy for lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 . Within this @entity1 population, 18 @entity1 met the diagnostic criteria to receive the implantation of an oblique @entity12316 cage. Pathogens were detected in 13 cases with Staph. aureus being the predominant causative organism. All @entity1 were discharged to recover in their domestic environment. Throughout the first year  of clinical and radiological follow-up and beyond, none of the 18 @entity1 demonstrated any signs of @entity51 or recurrent infection. Furthermore, two-plane conventional X-rays showed no significant implant subsidence or failure at any of the given time-points in up to 5 years postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 meeting the criteria for surgical treatment of lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 , the implantation of @entity12316 cages using a single-step TLIF approach is a safe and feasible procedure. Based on our experience, the concern of a recurrent infection when implanting non-metallic cages may be refuted in carefully selected @entity1 .

title: Single-stage debridement and spinal fusion using XXXX cages through a posterior approach for eradication of lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 : a safe treatment strategy for a detrimental condition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['residual neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['PEEK', 'poly-ether-ether-ketone']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity12316 :: (MESH:C063834,Chemical) :: ['PEEK']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pyogenic infections of the lumbar spine are a rare but critical pathology, yet with considerably high mortality rates. In cases indicating surgical therapy, the implantation of @entity702 cages or autologous bone grafts represent today's gold standard. Although non-metallic implants such as @entity12316 ( @entity12316 ) have proven to be advantageous in diverse degenerative conditions, their saftey and practicability in lumbar spine infection remains questionable. Moreover, the efficacy of a single-step radical debridement of the infected disc space with subsequent fusion from a strictly posterior approach continues to be an issue of debate. We therefore sought to evaluate the feasibility, clinical and radiological outcome of a single-step TLIF procedure using oblique @entity12316 cages in the surgical management of @entity1 with lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 . METHODS: From January 2009 through December 2013, all @entity1 meeting the indication for surgical treatment of lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 were included. @entity1 demonstrating intact cortical bone on preoperative CT received a single-step radical debridement of the infected intervertebral disc space, posterior screw-and-rod instrumentation and implantation of an oblique @entity12316 cage using the TLIF technique. Oral antibiotics were continued for 12  weeks postoperatively and clinical and radiological results recorded throughout a minimum 1-year clinical follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 104 @entity1 were admitted to receive surgical therapy for lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 . Within this @entity1 population, 18 @entity1 met the diagnostic criteria to receive the implantation of an oblique @entity12316 cage. Pathogens were detected in 13 cases with Staph. aureus being the predominant causative organism. All @entity1 were discharged to recover in their domestic environment. Throughout the first year  of clinical and radiological follow-up and beyond, none of the 18 @entity1 demonstrated any signs of @entity51 or recurrent infection. Furthermore, two-plane conventional X-rays showed no significant implant subsidence or failure at any of the given time-points in up to 5 years postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 meeting the criteria for surgical treatment of lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 , the implantation of @entity12316 cages using a single-step TLIF approach is a safe and feasible procedure. Based on our experience, the concern of a recurrent infection when implanting non-metallic cages may be refuted in carefully selected @entity1 .

title: Single-stage debridement and spinal fusion using @entity12316 cages through a posterior approach for eradication of lumbar pyogenic XXXX : a safe treatment strategy for a detrimental condition.

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['spondylodiscitis']


abstract: The Northern Region Lymphoma Group is a population-based group covering 3.1 million @entity1 in Northern England. From 1991 total data collection for all @entity978 @entity1 for this population has been in place and it has been possible to demonstrate that the overall survival for @entity978 for younger @entity1 within this population has moved from 80% pre- 1988 to 87% post- 1988. This improvement has been brought about by the introduction of clinical trials for advanced stage disease and effective salvage regimens. This report describes the outcome of 51 @entity1 treated with the @entity1260 , @entity2879 and @entity1259 (IVE)schedule and includes 28 males and 23 females with a median age of 34 years. Overall 43 of 51 @entity1 responded to treatment (84%) with 31 achieving a complete response, four a good partial response and eight a partial response. Thirty-one proceeded to autologous stem-cell transplantation. In total, with a median follow-up of 24 months (range 6-51), 26 @entity1 remain alive and in continuous remission. @entity137 ,in particular @entity1398 WHO grade 4, was observed in all cases but improved over the three courses of treatment. Non-haematological @entity137 was not a major problem, with no significant @entity8 . We conclude that the high-dose @entity1260 -containing regimens should be prospectively evaluated in the various types of non-responsive and relapsing @entity978 .

title: Strategic approach to the management of @entity978 incorporating salvage therapy with high-dose @entity1260 , @entity2879 and XXXX : a Northern Region Lymphoma Group study (UK).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac, hepatic, renal or neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Haematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: The Northern Region Lymphoma Group is a population-based group covering 3.1 million @entity1 in Northern England. From 1991 total data collection for all @entity978 @entity1 for this population has been in place and it has been possible to demonstrate that the overall survival for @entity978 for younger @entity1 within this population has moved from 80% pre- 1988 to 87% post- 1988. This improvement has been brought about by the introduction of clinical trials for advanced stage disease and effective salvage regimens. This report describes the outcome of 51 @entity1 treated with the @entity1260 , @entity2879 and @entity1259 (IVE)schedule and includes 28 males and 23 females with a median age of 34 years. Overall 43 of 51 @entity1 responded to treatment (84%) with 31 achieving a complete response, four a good partial response and eight a partial response. Thirty-one proceeded to autologous stem-cell transplantation. In total, with a median follow-up of 24 months (range 6-51), 26 @entity1 remain alive and in continuous remission. @entity137 ,in particular @entity1398 WHO grade 4, was observed in all cases but improved over the three courses of treatment. Non-haematological @entity137 was not a major problem, with no significant @entity8 . We conclude that the high-dose @entity1260 -containing regimens should be prospectively evaluated in the various types of non-responsive and relapsing @entity978 .

title: Strategic approach to the management of XXXX incorporating salvage therapy with high-dose @entity1260 , @entity2879 and @entity1259 : a Northern Region Lymphoma Group study (UK).

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: The Northern Region Lymphoma Group is a population-based group covering 3.1 million @entity1 in Northern England. From 1991 total data collection for all @entity978 @entity1 for this population has been in place and it has been possible to demonstrate that the overall survival for @entity978 for younger @entity1 within this population has moved from 80% pre- 1988 to 87% post- 1988. This improvement has been brought about by the introduction of clinical trials for advanced stage disease and effective salvage regimens. This report describes the outcome of 51 @entity1 treated with the @entity1260 , @entity2879 and @entity1259 (IVE)schedule and includes 28 males and 23 females with a median age of 34 years. Overall 43 of 51 @entity1 responded to treatment (84%) with 31 achieving a complete response, four a good partial response and eight a partial response. Thirty-one proceeded to autologous stem-cell transplantation. In total, with a median follow-up of 24 months (range 6-51), 26 @entity1 remain alive and in continuous remission. @entity137 ,in particular @entity1398 WHO grade 4, was observed in all cases but improved over the three courses of treatment. Non-haematological @entity137 was not a major problem, with no significant @entity8 . We conclude that the high-dose @entity1260 -containing regimens should be prospectively evaluated in the various types of non-responsive and relapsing @entity978 .

title: Strategic approach to the management of @entity978 incorporating salvage therapy with high-dose XXXX , @entity2879 and @entity1259 : a Northern Region Lymphoma Group study (UK).

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: The Northern Region Lymphoma Group is a population-based group covering 3.1 million @entity1 in Northern England. From 1991 total data collection for all @entity978 @entity1 for this population has been in place and it has been possible to demonstrate that the overall survival for @entity978 for younger @entity1 within this population has moved from 80% pre- 1988 to 87% post- 1988. This improvement has been brought about by the introduction of clinical trials for advanced stage disease and effective salvage regimens. This report describes the outcome of 51 @entity1 treated with the @entity1260 , @entity2879 and @entity1259 (IVE)schedule and includes 28 males and 23 females with a median age of 34 years. Overall 43 of 51 @entity1 responded to treatment (84%) with 31 achieving a complete response, four a good partial response and eight a partial response. Thirty-one proceeded to autologous stem-cell transplantation. In total, with a median follow-up of 24 months (range 6-51), 26 @entity1 remain alive and in continuous remission. @entity137 ,in particular @entity1398 WHO grade 4, was observed in all cases but improved over the three courses of treatment. Non-haematological @entity137 was not a major problem, with no significant @entity8 . We conclude that the high-dose @entity1260 -containing regimens should be prospectively evaluated in the various types of non-responsive and relapsing @entity978 .

title: Strategic approach to the management of @entity978 incorporating salvage therapy with high-dose @entity1260 , XXXX and @entity1259 : a Northern Region Lymphoma Group study (UK).

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: The ribonucleoprotein enzyme telomerase maintains chromosome ends in most eukaryotes and is critical for a cell's genetic stability and its proliferative viability. All telomerases contain a catalytic protein component homologous to viral reverse transcriptases ( @entity2215 ) and an RNA (TR) that provides the template sequence as well as a scaffold for ribonucleoprotein assembly. Vertebrate telomerase RNAs have three essential domains: the template, activation and stability domains. Here we report the NMR structure of an essential RNA element derived from the @entity1 telomerase RNA activation domain. The sequence forms a stem-loop structure stabilized by a GU wobble pair formed by two of the five unpaired residues capping a short double helical region. The remaining three loop residues are in a well-defined conformation and form @entity1391 -base stacking interactions reminiscent of other RNA loop structures. Mutations of these unpaired @entity2036 abolish enzymatic activity. The structure rationalizes a number of biochemical observations, and allows us to propose how the loop may function in the telomerase catalytic cycle. The pre-formed structure of the loop exposes the bases of these three essential @entity2036 and positions them to interact with other RNA sequences within TR, with the reverse transcriptase or with the newly synthesized telomeric DNA strand. The functional role of this stem-loop appears to be conserved in even distantly related organisms such as @entity375 and ciliates.

title: The solution structure of an essential stem-loop of XXXX telomerase RNA.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A quick and simple procedure is described for purifying @entity18504 from @entity1 whole saliva. The enzyme has been purified about 2700-fold with a yield of approx. 30%. The procedure is based on the immediate fractionation of saliva by ion exchange chromatography. This is followed by a combination of affinity and high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that another protein component binds to the enzyme at pH 8.0. The homogeneity of the enzyme has been demonstrated by gel electrophoresis in the absence as well as in the presence of @entity3208 . A mol. wt of 40,100 +/- 1800 has been calculated from gel electrophoresis experiments. Sedimentation equilibrium in an analytical ultracentrifuge gave a mol. wt of 39,700. The @entity535 composition has been determined and it confirms that the enzyme has a low isoelectric point. The presence of @entity2340 has been demonstrated by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.

title: The purification of XXXX from @entity1 whole saliva.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecylsulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity18504 :: (9622,Gene) :: ['kallikrein']


abstract: A quick and simple procedure is described for purifying @entity18504 from @entity1 whole saliva. The enzyme has been purified about 2700-fold with a yield of approx. 30%. The procedure is based on the immediate fractionation of saliva by ion exchange chromatography. This is followed by a combination of affinity and high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that another protein component binds to the enzyme at pH 8.0. The homogeneity of the enzyme has been demonstrated by gel electrophoresis in the absence as well as in the presence of @entity3208 . A mol. wt of 40,100 +/- 1800 has been calculated from gel electrophoresis experiments. Sedimentation equilibrium in an analytical ultracentrifuge gave a mol. wt of 39,700. The @entity535 composition has been determined and it confirms that the enzyme has a low isoelectric point. The presence of @entity2340 has been demonstrated by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.

title: The purification of @entity18504 from XXXX whole saliva.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity4890 or cholesteastoma is a @entity66 . It usually arises in the paramedian cisterns of the posterior fossa. Its incidence varies between 0.2 and 1% of all @entity5 . The cerebello-pontine angle (CPA) is the most common localization. Our study reports 10 observations of CPA @entity4890 , treated in our department between 1989 and 1999. The age of our @entity1 ranged from 20 to 45 years, with male predominance. The @entity1 were admitted with symptoms of @entity3308 or signs of @entity6804 . CT-scan was performed in all cases and MRI was performed in 5 @entity1 . The audiometric explorations only provided an orienting contribution. Treatment was exclusively surgical. The retro-sigmoid approach was used in 6 cases, the sub-occipital in 30% and a subtemporal approach in one case. Total resection of the @entity4890 was accomplished in 4 cases, and subtotal resection in 4 cases. Two @entity1 underwent partial resection and underwent a revision procedure. The histological examination showed an @entity4890 in all cases. The clinical course was controlled in 6 @entity1 : 4 @entity1 recovered and became symptom free. A persisting @entity51 was observed in two cases ( @entity393 , @entity7364 ); 4 @entity1 were lost to follow-up. @entity4890 is a @entity5 . Total resection is the ideal treatment, but we have to be aware, taking into consideration the adherence of the @entity5 to @entity531 , of the risks at attempting total resection.

title: [ XXXX of the cerebellopontine angle. A surgical series of 10 cases and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4890 :: ('MESH:D004814', 'Disease') :: ['Epidermoid cyst', 'epidermoid cyst', 'epidermoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity6804 :: ('MESH:D015192', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa tumor']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['cerebello-pontine angle syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital slow growing lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors', 'benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

answer: @entity4890 :: (MESH:D004814,Disease) :: ['Epidermoid cyst']


abstract: PURPOSE: The advent of intraocular lens implantation after pediatric @entity231 surgery necessitates an increased understanding of refractive development. The significant variation in rate and amount of refractive change among eyes, both aphakic and pseudophakic, is well recognized, although the causes of such variation remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if a correlation exists between the rate of refractive growth (RRG) and visual acuity outcome in pediatric @entity4118 . METHODS: Multicenter, retrospective observational case series. One hundred and twenty-five eyes of 85 @entity1 with @entity231 surgery before 1 year of age and a minimum of 3 years of follow-up were analyzed. RRG was calculated for each eye using the logarithmic model of ocular growth and compared with final logMAR acuity using linear regression. RESULTS: The correlation of RRG with final logMAR acuity was statistically significant (r(2) = 0.10; P <.01), ie, 10% of variance in RRG is related to acuity outcome. The correlation was higher in unilaterally aphakic @entity1 (n = 44; r(2) = 0.19; P <.01) than in bilaterally aphakic @entity1 (n = 81; r(2) = 0.08; P <.01). Eyes with visual acuity of 20/60 or better had a significantly lower RRG than those with poorer acuity (4.1 v 5.4 diopters (D); P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: RRG in @entity4118 is correlated with visual acuity outcome. Eyes with poorer acuity have a greater RRG.

title: The association between myopic shift and visual acuity outcome in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity4118 :: (MESH:D001035,Disease) :: ['aphakia']


abstract: The purpose of this pilot study was to explore whether co-meditation, shared or cross-breathing, could reduce @entity148 and enhance relaxation in a nursing school setting. The specific outcomes to be assessed in the quantitative component were blood pressure, pulse, respirations, and @entity148 , both state and trait. A qualitative component explored @entity1 ' experiences with co-meditation following 1 month of practice. Rogers's Science of Unitary @entity1 Beings formed the theoretical basis for this study. The study employed a pretest/posttest design with @entity1 as their own controls. Quantitative data were collected from a convenience sample of 26 students, faculty, and staff aged 19 to 51 years, male and female. Fourteen @entity1 returned for the qualitative component. Findings suggest that co-meditation may be useful in reducing @entity148 , as measured by vital signs and the @entity148 inventory forms. @entity1 reported feeling calmer and more relaxed, balanced, and centered following 1 month of practice. Findings suggest that co-meditation has potential to help transform a nursing educational environment from one that is potentially @entity148 provoking to a calmer, more caring one.

title: Exploring co-meditation as a means of reducing XXXX and facilitating relaxation in a nursing school setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'Human', 'participants']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bombesin-like receptor 3 ( @entity4375 -3) is an X-linked G protein-coupled receptor involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. @entity72514 null ( @entity72514 -/y) @entity19 become @entity28 . To date, no high affinity endogenous ligand has been identified. In an effort to detect a circulating endogenous @entity4375 -3 ligand, we generated parabiotic pairs of @entity19 between @entity72514 -/y and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 or between @entity164 controls. Successful parabiosis was demonstrated by circulatory dye exchange. The @entity72514 -/y- @entity164 and @entity164 lost similar weight immediately after surgery. After 9 weeks on a high fat diet, the @entity72514 -/y- @entity164 pairs weighed more than the @entity164 . Within the @entity72514 -/y- @entity164 pairs, the @entity72514 -/y @entity19 had greater adiposity than the @entity164 @entity19 , but comparable lean and liver weights. Compared to @entity164 @entity19 in @entity164 , @entity72514 -/y and @entity164 @entity19 in @entity72514 -/y- @entity164 pairs each had greater lean mass, and the @entity72514 -/y @entity19 also had greater adiposity. These results contrast to those reported for parabiotic pairs of leptin receptor null (Leprdb/db) and @entity164 @entity19 , where high leptin levels in the Leprdb/db @entity19 cause the @entity164 parabiotic partners to lose weight. Our data demonstrate that a circulating endogenous @entity4375 -3 ligand, if present, is not sufficient to reduce adiposity in parabiotic partners of @entity72514 -/y @entity19 .

title: Search for an Endogenous Bombesin-Like Receptor 3 ( XXXX -3) Ligand Using Parabiotic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['WT', 'WT-WT pairs', 'wild type']

answer: @entity4375 :: (11246,Species) :: ['BRS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bombesin-like receptor 3 ( @entity4375 -3) is an X-linked G protein-coupled receptor involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis. @entity72514 null ( @entity72514 -/y) @entity19 become @entity28 . To date, no high affinity endogenous ligand has been identified. In an effort to detect a circulating endogenous @entity4375 -3 ligand, we generated parabiotic pairs of @entity19 between @entity72514 -/y and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 or between @entity164 controls. Successful parabiosis was demonstrated by circulatory dye exchange. The @entity72514 -/y- @entity164 and @entity164 lost similar weight immediately after surgery. After 9 weeks on a high fat diet, the @entity72514 -/y- @entity164 pairs weighed more than the @entity164 . Within the @entity72514 -/y- @entity164 pairs, the @entity72514 -/y @entity19 had greater adiposity than the @entity164 @entity19 , but comparable lean and liver weights. Compared to @entity164 @entity19 in @entity164 , @entity72514 -/y and @entity164 @entity19 in @entity72514 -/y- @entity164 pairs each had greater lean mass, and the @entity72514 -/y @entity19 also had greater adiposity. These results contrast to those reported for parabiotic pairs of leptin receptor null (Leprdb/db) and @entity164 @entity19 , where high leptin levels in the Leprdb/db @entity19 cause the @entity164 parabiotic partners to lose weight. Our data demonstrate that a circulating endogenous @entity4375 -3 ligand, if present, is not sufficient to reduce adiposity in parabiotic partners of @entity72514 -/y @entity19 .

title: Search for an Endogenous Bombesin-Like Receptor 3 ( @entity4375 -3) Ligand Using Parabiotic XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Blocks of linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the @entity1 genome represent segments of ancestral chromosomes. To investigate the relationship between LD and genealogy, we analysed diversity associated with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) haplotypes of the 5' @entity5358 gene complex. Genealogical analyses were based on sequence alleles that spanned a 12.2-kb interval, covering 3.1 kb around the psibeta gene and 6.2 kb of the @entity50268 gene and its 5' flanking sequence known as the R/T region. Diversity was sampled from a Kenyan Luo population where recent malarial selection has contributed to substantial LD. A single common sequence allele spanning the 12.2-kb interval exclusively identified the ancestral chromosome bearing the "Bantu" beta(s) (sickle-cell) RFLP haplotype. Other common 5' RFLP haplotypes comprised interspersed segments from multiple ancestral chromosomes. Nucleotide diversity was similar between psibeta and R/T- @entity50268 but was non-uniformly distributed within the R/T- @entity50268 region. High diversity associated with the 5' R/T identified two ancestral lineages that probably date back more than 2 million years. Within this genealogy, variation has been introduced into the 3' R/T by gene conversion from other ancestral chromosomes. Diversity in @entity50268 was found to lead through parts of the main genealogy but to coalesce in a more recent ancestor. The well-known recombination hotspot is clearly restricted to the region 3' of @entity50268 . Our analyses show that, whereas one common haplotype in a block of high LD represents a long segment from a single ancestral chromosome, others are mosaics of short segments from multiple ancestors related in genealogies of unsuspected complexity.

title: Common 5' XXXX RFLP haplotypes harbour a surprising level of ancestral sequence mosaicism.

answer: @entity5358 :: (3043,Gene) :: ['beta-globin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the utility of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) in predicting length of stay (LOS) and discharge destination for @entity1 admitted to a @entity64 rehabilitation unit. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Provincial tertiary inpatient @entity64 unit for a primarily geriatric population. @entity1 : A total of 313 of the 325 @entity1 admitted consecutively between April 1998 and August 2000. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: LOS and discharge destination. RESULTS: Admission BBS scores correlated negatively with LOS (r=-.53, controlling for age). Logistic regression confirmed that the following were independent predictors of being discharged home rather than to an institution (adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval): admission BBS (1.09, 1.06-1.12) and the presence of family supports (15.0, 7.2-31.3). These results generally concur with previously published results, obtained at a different @entity64 rehabilitation setting. CONCLUSIONS: This study validates the use of the BBS scores in assisting to estimate approximate LOS and eventual discharge destination. Age did not correlate significantly with the outcomes measured in this study, which was conducted in a geriatric population.

title: Validation of the Berg Balance Scale as a predictor of length of stay and discharge destination in XXXX rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: miRNAs are regulatory RNA molecules. The analytical interest rose over the past 10 years especially in clinical diagnostics as miRNAs show specific expression patterns in several @entity1 diseases like @entity6 or @entity5 . Therefore, it is expected that miRNA profiles might be used as biomarkers in early diagnosis. The idea of establishing biomarkers is also present in veterinary drug analysis, e.g. in the surveillance of illegal use of anabolics. Transcriptomics is a promising approach in the detection of anabolics misuse. However, miRNA expression patterns have shown their superiority over mRNA patterns in clinical diagnostics. Thus, the influence of @entity21668 on miRNA expression in @entity291 liver should be investigated and an expression pattern should be validated, which might be used as a treatment biomarker. An animal experiment was conducted with 18 heifers equally allocated to a control and a treatment group, which was implanted with TBA plus E2. Liver samples were screened for miRNA expression using PCR arrays. Expression of 11 prominent miRNAs was validated via single assay qPCR. Herein, the following expression pattern could be found with an up-regulation of @entity72515 and miR-103 and a down-regulation of @entity72516 , @entity72517 , @entity72518 and @entity72519 (p<0.05 each). Using principal components analysis (PCA), the control group could clearly be distinguished from the treatment group, when integrating gene expression results from both miRNA and mRNA. So, the combination of different transcribed targets (mRNA plus miRNA) might be a promising approach to find a valid expression pattern to be used for anabolic treatment screening.

title: Changes in the miRNA profile under the influence of @entity21668 in XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity21668 :: ('MESH:D016114', 'Disease') :: ['anabolic steroids']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: miRNAs are regulatory RNA molecules. The analytical interest rose over the past 10 years especially in clinical diagnostics as miRNAs show specific expression patterns in several @entity1 diseases like @entity6 or @entity5 . Therefore, it is expected that miRNA profiles might be used as biomarkers in early diagnosis. The idea of establishing biomarkers is also present in veterinary drug analysis, e.g. in the surveillance of illegal use of anabolics. Transcriptomics is a promising approach in the detection of anabolics misuse. However, miRNA expression patterns have shown their superiority over mRNA patterns in clinical diagnostics. Thus, the influence of @entity21668 on miRNA expression in @entity291 liver should be investigated and an expression pattern should be validated, which might be used as a treatment biomarker. An animal experiment was conducted with 18 heifers equally allocated to a control and a treatment group, which was implanted with TBA plus E2. Liver samples were screened for miRNA expression using PCR arrays. Expression of 11 prominent miRNAs was validated via single assay qPCR. Herein, the following expression pattern could be found with an up-regulation of @entity72515 and miR-103 and a down-regulation of @entity72516 , @entity72517 , @entity72518 and @entity72519 (p<0.05 each). Using principal components analysis (PCA), the control group could clearly be distinguished from the treatment group, when integrating gene expression results from both miRNA and mRNA. So, the combination of different transcribed targets (mRNA plus miRNA) might be a promising approach to find a valid expression pattern to be used for anabolic treatment screening.

title: Changes in the miRNA profile under the influence of XXXX in @entity291 liver.

answer: @entity21668 :: (MESH:D016114,Disease) :: ['anabolic steroids']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity221 was induced during prolonged exercise (ExH) and passive heating ( @entity2556 ) to isolate the influence of exercise on neuromuscular function during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) of the quadriceps under heat stress. The influence of @entity65 in limiting endurance performance in the heat was also examined. METHODS: On separate days, eight males cycled to exhaustion at 60% maximal @entity26 uptake or were immersed in a water bath (   41  C) until rectal temperature (Tre) increased to 39.5  C. The ExH and @entity2556 interventions were performed in ambient conditions of 38  C and 60% relative humidity with Tre reaching 39.8  C during exercise. Before (control) and after each intervention, voluntary activation and force production capacity were evaluated by superimposing an electrically stimulated @entity116 during a 45-s MVC. RESULTS: Force production decreased immediately after @entity2556 and ExH compared with control, with the magnitude of decline being more pronounced after ExH (P < 0.01). Mean voluntary activation was also significantly @entity308 after both interventions (P < 0.01 vs control). However, the extent of decline in voluntary activation was maintained at    90% during both @entity2556 and ExH MVC. This decline accounted for 41.5% ( @entity2556 ) and 33.1% (ExH) of the decrease in force production. In addition, exhaustion coincided with a marked increase in HR (   96% of maximum) and a decline in @entity64 volume (25%) and mean arterial pressure (10%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The loss of force production capacity during @entity221 originated from central and peripheral fatigue factors, with the combination of heat stress and previous contractile activity exacerbating the rate of decline. Thus, the observed significant rise in thermal strain in ExH and @entity2556 @entity73 and was associated with an exercise performance limiting increase in @entity65 .

title: Central and peripheral fatigue during passive and exercise-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired neuromuscular function']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular strain']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the interactions between growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I ( @entity10850 ) on @entity1420 (P4) secretion by porcine luteal cells cultured in vitro. Cells isolated from corpora lutea (CL) collected at three different periods of the luteal phase (CL1--early luteal phase; CL2--middle luteal phase and CL3--late luteal phase) were incubated with different doses of GH (10, 100 or 200 ng/ml). After 48 h cultures were terminated and the media were frozen until further P4 concentration analysis. GH (100 ng/ml) increased P4 secretion by CL1 and CL2 and had no effect on CL3. In separate studies these cells were treated for 48 h with @entity10850 alone or with GH combined with @entity10850 . @entity10850 alone increased basal P4 secretion only by cells collected from CL1 while concurrent treatment with GH had no effect on P4 secretion by any type of CL. To investigate the possible mechanism of GH and @entity10850 mediated induction of P4 secretion, an inhibitory study was conducted. In this experiment, luteal cells collected from CL1 were cultured in the absence or presence of @entity1880 (an inhibitor of protein synthesis) or @entity4316 (an inhibitor of DNA transcription). @entity1880 or @entity4316 completely blocked the stimulatory effect of both GH and @entity10850 on P4 production but did not reduce basal @entity1420 secretion suggesting involvement of gene transcription and translation in the GH and @entity10850 action on luteal cells. Additionally, the activity of @entity1816 dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) under the influence of GH added alone or together with IGF was measured by the conversion of @entity3333 to @entity1420 . Stimulation of P4 secretion in P5-treated cells in GH-stimulated cultures was not observed, however, high stimulatory effect was noted in @entity10850 treated cultures. In conclusion, the present studies indicate that there is direct and cycle stage dependent influence of GH and @entity10850 on steroidogenesis in procine luteal cells. It is suggested that both IGF and GH may exert some regulatory action during CL development in the @entity1707 .

title: Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I action on XXXX secretion by porcine corpora lutea isolated at various periods of the luteal phase.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide', 'Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3 beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity3333 :: ('MESH:D011284', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: AIMS: To present a new approach for estimating the "true prevalence" of @entity311 and apply it to datasets from Peru, Vietnam, and Cambodia. METHODS: Bayesian models were developed for estimating both the @entity311 prevalence using different diagnostic tests (microscopy, PCR _ ELISA), without the need of a gold standard, and the tests' characteristics. Several sources of information, i.e. data, expert opinions and other sources of knowledge can be integrated into the model. This approach resulting in an optimal and harmonized estimate of @entity281 prevalence, with no conflict between the different sources of information, was tested on data from Peru, Vietnam and Cambodia. RESULTS: @entity311 sero-prevalence was relatively low in all sites, with ELISA showing the highest estimates. The sensitivity of microscopy and ELISA were statistically lower in Vietnam than in the other sites. Similarly, the specificities of microscopy, ELISA and PCR were significantly lower in Vietnam than in the other sites. In Vietnam and Peru, microscopy was closer to the "true" estimate than the other 2 tests while as expected ELISA, with its lower specificity, usually overestimated the prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Bayesian methods are useful for analyzing prevalence results when no gold standard diagnostic test is available. Though some results are expected, e.g. PCR more sensitive than microscopy, a standardized and context-independent quantification of the diagnostic tests' characteristics (sensitivity and specificity) and the underlying @entity311 prevalence may be useful for comparing different sites. Indeed, the use of a single diagnostic technique could strongly bias the prevalence estimation. This limitation can be circumvented by using a Bayesian framework taking into account the imperfect characteristics of the currently available diagnostic tests. As discussed in the paper, this approach may further support global @entity311 burden estimation initiatives.

title: True versus apparent XXXX prevalence: the contribution of a Bayesian approach.

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['malaria infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The chronic @entity1669 are heterogeneous entities by the functional, lesional and evolutive point of view. Ethiopathogenic factors involved in chronic @entity1669 are genetical factors, combines with environmental factors, hormonal factors, infectious factors etc. The exact role of smoking on the autoimmune mechanism is unclear, but smoking is known to have an antithyroid effect. AIM: Our study tries to estimate the influence of smoking on serum levels of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies and antithyroglobulin antibodies, in a group of @entity1 with various clinical forms of chronic @entity1669 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied a group consists of 310 @entity1 with chronic @entity1669 , hospitalised in the Endocrinology Department of Constanta County Hospital, between January 2006 - December 2009. We detected serum values of antithyroidperoxidase antibodies and antithyroglobulin antibodies of our @entity1 . We also followed the age, sex and presence of smoking in our study group. For statistical processing of the data we use Student's t-test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: In our study group 24.28% of @entity1 were smokers. Serum levels of antithyroid peroxidase antibodies were significantly increased (p < 0.001) in the smokers @entity1 , compared with the nonsmokers patients. Serum levels of antithyroglobulin antibodies were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in smokers @entity1 , compared with those who were nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking increased the serum levels of antithyroid antibodies in @entity1 with chronic @entity1669 .

title: [Smoking and chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1669 :: (MESH:D013967,Disease) :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of LE cells in synovial fluid and their importance for the diagnosis of @entity627 . Synovial fluid was obtained from 631 @entity1 : 31 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), 337 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), 4 with @entity4932 , 9 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ), 27 with the @entity3928 ( @entity309 / @entity1252 ), 132 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), 57 with @entity6104 , and 34 with @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ). The fluid was centrifuged, precipitate smears were done and were May-Gr  nwald-Giemsa stained for cytologic assessment. The supernatant was collected for antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing. Physicochemical and serologic properties of the synovial fluid were routinely determined. All synovial fluids demonstrated signs of @entity32 . The presence of LE cells was ascertained in five @entity1 with @entity1252 and nine @entity1 with the @entity3928 . In these cases, LE cells were accompanied by ANA. In addition, @entity1710 bodies were revealed in @entity1252 @entity1 . LE cells were observed in 2.6% of @entity1 with @entity309 but were not accompanied by ANA. @entity1 with @entity785 , @entity4932 , @entity1691 , @entity6104 , and @entity5144 tested negative for LE cells. It appears from these results that LE cells are rarely present in the synovial fluid of @entity1 with @entity627 . In contrast, they occur in more than 40% of @entity1 with the @entity3928 and may thus be regarded as important for the diagnosis of this condition.

title: [LE cells in synovial fluid: prevalence and diagnostic usefulness in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease', 'rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['overlap syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis', 'PA']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ["Still's disease"]

entities_list: @entity6104 :: ('MESH:D016918', 'Disease') :: ["Reiter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'systemic scleroderma']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6400 ( @entity670 , @entity8139 , and glycitein) are bioactive compounds with mildly estrogenic properties and often referred to as phytoestrogen. These are present in significant quantities (up to 4-5  mg.g(-1) on dry basis) in legumes mainly @entity1460 , green beans, mung beans. In grains (raw materials) they are present mostly as glycosides, which are poorly absorbed on consumption. Thus, @entity1460 are processed into various food products for digestibility, taste and bioavailability of nutrients and bioactives. Main processing steps include steaming, cooking, roasting, microbial fermentation that destroy protease inhibitors and also cleaves the glycoside bond to yield absorbable aglycone in the processed soy products such as miso, natto, soy milk, tofu; and increase shelf lives. Processed soy food products have been an integral part of regular diets in many Asia-Pacific countries for centuries e.g. China, Japan and Korea. However, in the last two decades, there have been concerted efforts to introduce soy products in western diets for their health benefits with some success. @entity6400 were hailed as magical natural component that attribute to prevent some major prevailing health concerns, Consumption of soy products have been linked to reduction in incidence or severity of @entity102 such as @entity0 , @entity1109 , @entity604 etc. Overall, consuming moderate amounts of traditionally prepared and minimally processed soy foods may offer modest health benefits while minimizing potential for any adverse health effects.

title: An Updated Review of Dietary XXXX : Nutrition, Processing, Bioavailability and Impacts on Human Health.

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular, breast and prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['menopausal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflavones']

answer: @entity6400 :: (MESH:D007529,Chemical) :: ['Isoflavones']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records and radiographs. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the clinical outcomes of @entity4785 ( @entity4785 ) after traumatic, combat-related injuries, and to review our management of these distinct injuries and report our preliminary follow-up. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity4785 injuries are an anatomic separation of the pelvis from the spinal column, and are the result of high-energy @entity130 . A relative increase in these injuries has been seen in young healthy combat casualties subjected to high-energy blast @entity130 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of inpatient/outpatient medical records and radiographs for all @entity1 treated at our institution with combat-related @entity4785 . Twenty-three @entity1 met inclusion criteria of combat-related @entity4785 with one-year follow-up. @entity1 were treated as follows: no fixation (9), sacroiliac screw fixation (8), posterior spinal fusion (5) and sacral plate (1). All @entity1 with radiographic evidence of a zone III sacral @entity174 , in addition to associated lumbar @entity174 indicating loss of the iliolumbar ligamentous complex integrity were included. RESULTS: In 15 @entity1 , the sacral @entity174 were an H or U type zone III @entity174 , whereas in the remaining nine, the sacral @entity174 was severely comminuted and unable to classify (six open @entity174 ). There was no difference in visual analog scale (VAS) between treatment modalities. Two open injuries had @entity281 . One @entity1 treated with an L4-ilium posterior spinal fusion with instrumentation required instrumentation removal for @entity281 . At a mean follow-up of 1.71 years (range, 1-4.5), 11 @entity1 (48%) still reported residual @entity158 and the mean VAS at latest follow-up was 1.7 (range, 0-7). CONCLUSION: Operative stabilization promoted healing and earlier mobilization, but carries a high-postoperative risk of @entity281 . Nonoperative management should be considered in @entity1 whose comorbidities prevent safe stabilization.

title: Retrospective review of XXXX in blast injuries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral dissociation', 'LSD', 'lumbosacral dissociations']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'residual infections']

answer: @entity4785 :: (MESH:D004213,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral dissociations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Population-based studies have shown that nearly one third of @entity1 with @entity656 undergo @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ) before undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) (two-stage approach). The present study was designed to evaluate the safety of single-stage laparoscopic management to avoid preoperative @entity10747 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between June 1998 and June 2002, 35 female @entity1 and 10 male @entity1 (median age, 59 years) with uncomplicated mild @entity656 were studied prospectively and reviewed retrospectively. LC with fluoroscopic intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) or with fluoroscopic IOC and laparoscopic CBD exploration in cases of concomitant @entity2877 was performed as the definitive treatment (single-stage approach). @entity1 underwent surgery electively when symptoms had subsided and laboratory parameters had improved. RESULTS: LC alone was performed in 39 @entity1 , and an additional laparoscopic CBD exploration was performed in the remaining six. In one @entity1 , IOC yielded a false-positive result. CBD stones were detected in four cases, and debris in the CBD in one case, for an 11% incidence of concomitant @entity2877 . The conversion rate was zero, and single-stage laparoscopic treatment was successful in all cases. The overall morbidity rate was 4%. The 30-day postoperative mortality rate was zero. CONCLUSION: Although preoperative @entity10747 and sphincterotomy still have a role in complicated cases of mild @entity656 , laparoscopic single-stage definitive treatment is feasible and safe in uncomplicated cases of disease when local experience is available.

title: Single-stage definitive laparoscopic management in mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography', 'ERCP']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute biliary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute biliary pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the improvement of hand motion function, @entity2473 and self-care ability of daily life for @entity64 @entity1 treated with floating-needle combined with rehabilitation training. METHODS: Eighty hand @entity2473 @entity1 of post- @entity64 within one year after @entity64 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each one. In the two groups, rehabilitation was adopted for eight weeks,once a day,40 min one time. In the observation group, based on the above treatment and according to @entity121 trigger point, 2~3 points in both the internal and external sides of forearm were treated with floating-needle. The positive or passive flexion and extension of wrist and knuckle till the relief of @entity2473 hand was combined. The floating-needle therapy was given for eight weeks, on the first three days once a day and later once every other day. Modified Ashworth Scale( @entity4262 ), activity of daily life(ADL, Barthel index) scores and Fugl-Meyer(FMA) scores were used to assess the @entity2473 hand degree,activity of daily life and hand motion function before and after 7-day, 14-day and 8-week treatment. RESULTS: After 7-day, 14-day and 8-week treatment, @entity4262 scores were apparently lower than those before treatment in the two groups(all P<0. 05), and Barthel scores and FMA scores were obviously higher than those before-treatment(all P<0. 05). After 14-day and 8-week treatment, FMA scores in the observation group were markedly higher than those in the control group(both P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: Floating-needle therapy combined with rehabilitation training and simple rehabilitation training could both improve hand @entity2473 degree, hand function and activity of daily life of post- @entity64 @entity1 , but floating-needle therapy combined with rehabilitation training is superior to simple rehabilitation training for the improvement of hand function.

title: [The effect of floating-needle therapy combined with rehabilitation training for the hand function recovery of post- XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fascia']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the improvement of hand motion function, @entity2473 and self-care ability of daily life for @entity64 @entity1 treated with floating-needle combined with rehabilitation training. METHODS: Eighty hand @entity2473 @entity1 of post- @entity64 within one year after @entity64 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each one. In the two groups, rehabilitation was adopted for eight weeks,once a day,40 min one time. In the observation group, based on the above treatment and according to @entity121 trigger point, 2~3 points in both the internal and external sides of forearm were treated with floating-needle. The positive or passive flexion and extension of wrist and knuckle till the relief of @entity2473 hand was combined. The floating-needle therapy was given for eight weeks, on the first three days once a day and later once every other day. Modified Ashworth Scale( @entity4262 ), activity of daily life(ADL, Barthel index) scores and Fugl-Meyer(FMA) scores were used to assess the @entity2473 hand degree,activity of daily life and hand motion function before and after 7-day, 14-day and 8-week treatment. RESULTS: After 7-day, 14-day and 8-week treatment, @entity4262 scores were apparently lower than those before treatment in the two groups(all P<0. 05), and Barthel scores and FMA scores were obviously higher than those before-treatment(all P<0. 05). After 14-day and 8-week treatment, FMA scores in the observation group were markedly higher than those in the control group(both P<0. 05). CONCLUSION: Floating-needle therapy combined with rehabilitation training and simple rehabilitation training could both improve hand @entity2473 degree, hand function and activity of daily life of post- @entity64 @entity1 , but floating-needle therapy combined with rehabilitation training is superior to simple rehabilitation training for the improvement of hand function.

title: [The effect of floating-needle therapy combined with rehabilitation training for the hand function recovery of post- @entity64 XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']