abstract: BACKGROUND: The article presents the results of a clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of a novel pharmaceutical composition in the form of vaginal suppositories containing @entity13589 in the course of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) I-II conservative treatment. It offers an attractive drug therapy for more personalized prevention of @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 78 @entity1 of reproductive age were included. This was a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial with efficacy determined by histological evaluation of cervical biopsies. The efficacy of active drug treatment (100 and 200  mg/day) in both treatment groups was significantly higher in comparison with the placebo group, according to the primary efficacy end point (proportion of @entity1 with complete @entity3146 regression after 90-180  days of the study drug treatment). RESULTS: The efficacies were 100.0  % (confidence interval (CI) 95  %: 82.35-100.00  %), 90.5  % (CI 95  %: 69.62-98.83  %), and 61.1  % (CI 95  %: 35.75-82.70  %), for the high dose, low does, and placebo, respectively. Adverse events in the placebo group were reported in 22  % of @entity1 (CI 95  %: 7.5-43.7  %); in the first treatment group (100  mg/day), adverse events were reported in 40.0  % of @entity1 (CI 95  %: 21.1-61.3  %); in the second treatment group (200  mg/day), adverse events were reported in 42.0  % of @entity1 (CI 95  %: 22.1-63.4  %). The differences in side effects between treatment groups treated with the active drug and placebo were statistically significant. No serious adverse events were reported in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the use of @entity13589 in the form of intravaginal suppositories can be effective in @entity1 with @entity3146 and is not accompanied by clinically significant side effects. This approach could be a better option for young @entity1 with @entity3146 as it takes in attention their reproductive plans. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ID: ChiCTR-INR-15007497 (2 December 2015).

title: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled multicenter clinical trial (phase IIa) on @entity13589 's efficacy and safety in the treatment of @entity3146 : implications for XXXX prevention.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: A 67-year-old @entity1 with @entity2590 , disseminated @entity3219 , and mitral valve replacement presented with @entity1353 and peripheral @entity4 . Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated abnormal pulmonic valve with possible @entity47 . Color flow imaging showed laminar flow from main pulmonary artery into right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in diastole. The continuous wave Doppler signal showed dense diastolic envelope with steep deceleration slope. These findings were consistent with severe @entity338 , possibly due to @entity884 . Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated an echodense mass attached to the pulmonic valve. The mitral valve bioprosthesis appeared intact. @entity1503 were negative; however, serum histoplasma antigen was positive. At surgery, the valve appeared destroyed by vegetations. Gomori @entity1332 silver-stains showed invasive fungal hyphae and @entity375 consistent with a dimorphic fungus. Valve cultures grew one @entity364 . @entity2059 was continued based on expert infectious diseases diagnosis. After surgery, @entity1353 and ankle @entity4 resolved. To the best of our knowledge, histoplasma @entity340 has not been previously reported. Isolated pulmonic @entity340 is rare, accounting for about 2% of @entity166 ( @entity166 ) cases. Fungi account for about 3% of cases of @entity340 . Characterization of pulmonary valve requires thorough interrogation with 2D and Doppler echocardiography techniques. Parasternal RVOT view allowed visualization of the pulmonary valve and assessment of regurgitation severity. As an anterior structure, it may be difficult to image with transesophageal echocardiography. Mid-esophageal right ventricular inflow-outflow view clearly showed the @entity338 . LEARNING POINTS: Identification and characterization of @entity358 require thorough interrogation with 2D and Doppler echocardiography techniques.Isolated pulmonary valve @entity166 is rare and requires high index of suspicion. @entity3218 @entity166 is rare and requires high index of suspicion.

title: Severe @entity338 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis of pulmonic valve', 'valve endocarditis', 'native valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve and vegetation', 'pulmonic valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial and fungal blood cultures']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['colony of filamentous fungus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetation']

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['methenamine']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infectious endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['histoplasma endocarditis']


abstract: A 67-year-old @entity1 with @entity2590 , disseminated @entity3219 , and mitral valve replacement presented with @entity1353 and peripheral @entity4 . Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated abnormal pulmonic valve with possible @entity47 . Color flow imaging showed laminar flow from main pulmonary artery into right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in diastole. The continuous wave Doppler signal showed dense diastolic envelope with steep deceleration slope. These findings were consistent with severe @entity338 , possibly due to @entity884 . Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated an echodense mass attached to the pulmonic valve. The mitral valve bioprosthesis appeared intact. @entity1503 were negative; however, serum histoplasma antigen was positive. At surgery, the valve appeared destroyed by vegetations. Gomori @entity1332 silver-stains showed invasive fungal hyphae and @entity375 consistent with a dimorphic fungus. Valve cultures grew one @entity364 . @entity2059 was continued based on expert infectious diseases diagnosis. After surgery, @entity1353 and ankle @entity4 resolved. To the best of our knowledge, histoplasma @entity340 has not been previously reported. Isolated pulmonic @entity340 is rare, accounting for about 2% of @entity166 ( @entity166 ) cases. Fungi account for about 3% of cases of @entity340 . Characterization of pulmonary valve requires thorough interrogation with 2D and Doppler echocardiography techniques. Parasternal RVOT view allowed visualization of the pulmonary valve and assessment of regurgitation severity. As an anterior structure, it may be difficult to image with transesophageal echocardiography. Mid-esophageal right ventricular inflow-outflow view clearly showed the @entity338 . LEARNING POINTS: Identification and characterization of @entity358 require thorough interrogation with 2D and Doppler echocardiography techniques.Isolated pulmonary valve @entity166 is rare and requires high index of suspicion. @entity3218 @entity166 is rare and requires high index of suspicion.

title: Severe XXXX due to @entity884 .

answer: @entity338 :: (MESH:D011665,Disease) :: ['pulmonic valve regurgitation']


abstract: A major focus of our study was the ability to predict the long-term success of filtering surgery. The results of @entity726 filtering surgery (trabeculectomy) as performed by the staff of the University Eye Hospital of T  bingen from 1988 through 1994 on 254 eyes of 214 @entity1 are presented, with particular emphasis being placed not only on intraocular pressure (IOP) control but also the progression of @entity16 ( @entity227 or disc damage) and the etiology of visual acuity losses. There was an overall success rate of 64%. Rigid criteria for success included an IOP of less than 30 mmHg, no further @entity227 or disc damage, and no glaucomatous etiology for a decrease in visual acuity. A total of 35 eyes (13.8%) showed a @entity227 after 6 months amounting to 2 or more Snellen lines, caused mainly by lens opacification, @entity8814 @entity1020 , and "wipeout" (loss of the central visual field in the absence of another explanation). We found that there is a considerable risk for @entity227 after operation on older @entity1 with small residual visual fields and severe @entity8814 on the 1st postoperative day. There was a 13% incidence of @entity177 . A total of 34 eyes had an early IOP rise of more than 30 mmHg after surgery. A @entity86 of less than 3 mmHg was more significantly seen in @entity1 treated with @entity1487 . Moreover, the results show that in some instances, a long-term use of topically applied @entity726 medication can adversely affect the results of fistulizing surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The T  bingen @entity726 Study. XXXX filtering surgery--a retrospective long-term follow-up of 254 eyes with @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['loss of visual acuity', 'sudden loss of visual acuity', 'visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['failure of blebs']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypotony']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: A major focus of our study was the ability to predict the long-term success of filtering surgery. The results of @entity726 filtering surgery (trabeculectomy) as performed by the staff of the University Eye Hospital of T  bingen from 1988 through 1994 on 254 eyes of 214 @entity1 are presented, with particular emphasis being placed not only on intraocular pressure (IOP) control but also the progression of @entity16 ( @entity227 or disc damage) and the etiology of visual acuity losses. There was an overall success rate of 64%. Rigid criteria for success included an IOP of less than 30 mmHg, no further @entity227 or disc damage, and no glaucomatous etiology for a decrease in visual acuity. A total of 35 eyes (13.8%) showed a @entity227 after 6 months amounting to 2 or more Snellen lines, caused mainly by lens opacification, @entity8814 @entity1020 , and "wipeout" (loss of the central visual field in the absence of another explanation). We found that there is a considerable risk for @entity227 after operation on older @entity1 with small residual visual fields and severe @entity8814 on the 1st postoperative day. There was a 13% incidence of @entity177 . A total of 34 eyes had an early IOP rise of more than 30 mmHg after surgery. A @entity86 of less than 3 mmHg was more significantly seen in @entity1 treated with @entity1487 . Moreover, the results show that in some instances, a long-term use of topically applied @entity726 medication can adversely affect the results of fistulizing surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The T  bingen XXXX Study. @entity726 filtering surgery--a retrospective long-term follow-up of 254 eyes with @entity726 .

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: A major focus of our study was the ability to predict the long-term success of filtering surgery. The results of @entity726 filtering surgery (trabeculectomy) as performed by the staff of the University Eye Hospital of T  bingen from 1988 through 1994 on 254 eyes of 214 @entity1 are presented, with particular emphasis being placed not only on intraocular pressure (IOP) control but also the progression of @entity16 ( @entity227 or disc damage) and the etiology of visual acuity losses. There was an overall success rate of 64%. Rigid criteria for success included an IOP of less than 30 mmHg, no further @entity227 or disc damage, and no glaucomatous etiology for a decrease in visual acuity. A total of 35 eyes (13.8%) showed a @entity227 after 6 months amounting to 2 or more Snellen lines, caused mainly by lens opacification, @entity8814 @entity1020 , and "wipeout" (loss of the central visual field in the absence of another explanation). We found that there is a considerable risk for @entity227 after operation on older @entity1 with small residual visual fields and severe @entity8814 on the 1st postoperative day. There was a 13% incidence of @entity177 . A total of 34 eyes had an early IOP rise of more than 30 mmHg after surgery. A @entity86 of less than 3 mmHg was more significantly seen in @entity1 treated with @entity1487 . Moreover, the results show that in some instances, a long-term use of topically applied @entity726 medication can adversely affect the results of fistulizing surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The T  bingen @entity726 Study. @entity726 filtering surgery--a retrospective long-term follow-up of 254 eyes with XXXX .

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Analysis of @entity1778 and @entity1778 -associated markers following standard or high-dose treatments is crucial in order to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic strategies. During the last decade, several techniques have been proposed and used for detecting @entity41 ( @entity41 ). Each approach is characterized by advantages and limitations, mainly related to its sensitivity and specificity. The general limitations of such tests originates from the size of the sample which can be analysed and the heterogeneous distribution of @entity1778 after treatment. Clinically useful methods for detecting @entity1778 require not only sensitivity but also speed and reproducibility. The rate of false negative tests is low with polymerase chain reaction as well as flow cytometric analysis. Usually, @entity1 without persistent cells carrying @entity1778 -associated markers have a lower risk of relapse. However, the detection of a persistent marker at one time point in complete remission cannot be considered a reliable indicator of @entity41 , whereas increase of positive signals or reappearance of leukemic markers usually precedes relapse. It is likely that one single approach will not allow the monitoring of the majority of @entity1 and that a combination of techniques will be needed. Definitive results will be obtained only through prospective studies in @entity1 receiving standardised therapy. Studies in which therapeutic strategies are designed according to the results provided by techniques for detecting @entity41 will be necessary to assess the relevance of their contribution to the treatment of @entity1778 .

title: Techniques for detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['residual leukemia', 'leukemia-specific', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['minimal residual disease']


abstract: Up to one-third of @entity447 @entity1 develop @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) alloantibodies (inhibitors). The Bethesda assay detects inhibitors but is relatively insensitive. Recently, a new fluorescence-based immunoassay (FLI) was developed for antibody detection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of inhibitors as measured by FLI. Assays of @entity2801 , @entity2801 inhibitor by Bethesda assay with Nijmegen modification, and @entity2801 inhibitor by FLI were performed on adult @entity1 with @entity447 . Data were complete for 46 @entity1 (median age 39), of whom 72% were severe, 7% moderate and 22% mild. The Bethesda assay was positive in only two @entity1 (4%), while FLI was positive in 23 of 46 @entity1 (50%), with values ranging from 0.4 to 33.7 nm (median 3.5   nm). FLI titres exceeded 7.0 nm in 19.5% of @entity1 , all but one of whom had severe @entity447 . FLI antibody-positive @entity1 were less likely to be @entity645 positive (30% vs. 70%, P   =   0.02). The use of a prophylaxis regimen was associated with a lower incidence of antibody; only two of 23 @entity1 with detectable antibody and none of those with antibody >7   nm were on a prophylaxis regimen, while nine of 23 patients without antibody were on prophylaxis, (P = 0.03). There was no difference in inhibitor presence in @entity1 using recombinant versus plasma-derived factor. Antibodies detected by FLI are frequent in @entity1 with @entity447 , but are less common in those who are @entity645 positive or are receiving regular @entity2801 prophylaxis.

title: Alloantibodies to XXXX in @entity447 .

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia', 'haemophilia A']

answer: @entity2801 :: (2157,Gene) :: ['factor VIII']


abstract: Up to one-third of @entity447 @entity1 develop @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) alloantibodies (inhibitors). The Bethesda assay detects inhibitors but is relatively insensitive. Recently, a new fluorescence-based immunoassay (FLI) was developed for antibody detection. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of inhibitors as measured by FLI. Assays of @entity2801 , @entity2801 inhibitor by Bethesda assay with Nijmegen modification, and @entity2801 inhibitor by FLI were performed on adult @entity1 with @entity447 . Data were complete for 46 @entity1 (median age 39), of whom 72% were severe, 7% moderate and 22% mild. The Bethesda assay was positive in only two @entity1 (4%), while FLI was positive in 23 of 46 @entity1 (50%), with values ranging from 0.4 to 33.7 nm (median 3.5   nm). FLI titres exceeded 7.0 nm in 19.5% of @entity1 , all but one of whom had severe @entity447 . FLI antibody-positive @entity1 were less likely to be @entity645 positive (30% vs. 70%, P   =   0.02). The use of a prophylaxis regimen was associated with a lower incidence of antibody; only two of 23 @entity1 with detectable antibody and none of those with antibody >7   nm were on a prophylaxis regimen, while nine of 23 patients without antibody were on prophylaxis, (P = 0.03). There was no difference in inhibitor presence in @entity1 using recombinant versus plasma-derived factor. Antibodies detected by FLI are frequent in @entity1 with @entity447 , but are less common in those who are @entity645 positive or are receiving regular @entity2801 prophylaxis.

title: Alloantibodies to @entity2801 in XXXX .

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1252 is highly associated with premature @entity731 and cardiovascular events. The origin of this subclinical @entity731 has been attributed mainly to the inflammatory nature of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of long-term use of glucocorticoids on cardiovascular risk in @entity1 with @entity1252 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a registry-based retrospective cohort study. We determined 2 periods: (1) Time 0, that is, time of diagnosis and (2) time 1, that is, when the study was finalized. At both times, the cardiovascular risk was evaluated using the Framingham scale and their scores were compared. Afterward, the change magnitude between the 2 times was evaluated and associated with the cumulative glucocorticoids dose. RESULTS: One hundred one @entity1 were included. The mean    SD age was 26.5    5 years. Length of disease evolution was of 7.8    4.9 years. There was an 8-point increase in the Framingham score, from -8.1    4 to 0.8    7; P < 0.0001. The correlation between the magnitude of the increase in Framingham score and their corresponding cumulative dose showed a coefficient of 0.88; P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The glucocorticoids are a primary factor that influences cardiovascular risk. There is a directly proportional relationship between the cumulative glucocorticoid dose and the increase in cardiovascular risk.

title: Impact of Chronic Glucocorticoid Treatment on Cardiovascular Risk Profile in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1252 is highly associated with premature @entity731 and cardiovascular events. The origin of this subclinical @entity731 has been attributed mainly to the inflammatory nature of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of long-term use of glucocorticoids on cardiovascular risk in @entity1 with @entity1252 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a registry-based retrospective cohort study. We determined 2 periods: (1) Time 0, that is, time of diagnosis and (2) time 1, that is, when the study was finalized. At both times, the cardiovascular risk was evaluated using the Framingham scale and their scores were compared. Afterward, the change magnitude between the 2 times was evaluated and associated with the cumulative glucocorticoids dose. RESULTS: One hundred one @entity1 were included. The mean    SD age was 26.5    5 years. Length of disease evolution was of 7.8    4.9 years. There was an 8-point increase in the Framingham score, from -8.1    4 to 0.8    7; P < 0.0001. The correlation between the magnitude of the increase in Framingham score and their corresponding cumulative dose showed a coefficient of 0.88; P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The glucocorticoids are a primary factor that influences cardiovascular risk. There is a directly proportional relationship between the cumulative glucocorticoid dose and the increase in cardiovascular risk.

title: Impact of Chronic Glucocorticoid Treatment on Cardiovascular Risk Profile in XXXX with @entity1252 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1 gametes and pre-implantation embryos express selectively several complement regulatory proteins. @entity806 ( @entity806 , @entity806 ) and @entity9819 ( @entity9819 , @entity9819 ) are regulators for C3 convertases and protectin ( @entity1009 ) is an inhibitor of the membrane attack complex. These three proteins were identified on @entity1 sperm and found to be functional. @entity9819 and @entity1009 were both expressed by the plasmic membrane of unfertilized oocytes and pre-implantation embryos. @entity806 was not present on unfertilized oocytes but appeared at the 6/8 cell-stage embryo when @entity1 gene expression first occurs. @entity3432 ( @entity3432 , @entity3432 ) and MHC class I antigens were not found on oocytes neither on embryos. Such a selective expression of complement regulatory proteins associated with the lack of MHC class I antigens may represent an immune protective mechanism by which @entity1 gametes and pre-implantation embryos escape from complement-mediated damage during their travel through the female genital tract. Indeed uterine, tubal and follicular fluids contain all the components of the complement cascade, including classical and alternative pathways. Nevertheless participation of @entity806 and @entity1009 in cell to cell interaction during fertilization and/or implantation cannot be excluded. @entity1009 is an adhesive molecule involved in the rosette phenomena and @entity806 has been described as the @entity1 receptor for @entity805 , which binds through a fusion protein. Monoclonal antibodies raised against these two proteins ( @entity806 and @entity1009 ) are able to inhibit heterospecific fertilization between zona-free hamster oocytes and @entity1 spermatozoa suggesting the role of these proteins during fertilization.

title: [Expression and role of complement regulatory proteins on XXXX gametes and pre-implantation embryos].

entities_list: @entity805 :: ('11234', 'Species') :: ['measles virus']

entities_list: @entity806 :: ('4179', 'Gene') :: ['MCP', 'CD46', 'Membrane cofactor protein']

entities_list: @entity9819 :: ('1604', 'Gene') :: ['CD55', 'decay accelerating factor', 'DAF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is known to cause significant morbidity in @entity1 in New Zealand. Little is known of the disease in adults. AIM: Our objective was to characterise a cohort of adults who presented to hospital with acute exacerbations of the disease. METHODS: We retrospectively collected information on all exacerbations treated as inpatients from a single hospital in South Auckland, New Zealand during 2002. RESULTS: We collected information on 307 exacerbations in 152 @entity1 . Twenty-seven per cent were of Maaori ethnic origin, and 44% Pacific. Seventy per cent lived in areas categorised as the 20% most deprived in New Zealand. Comorbid conditions were present in 80% of @entity1 - most commonly @entity1030 , @entity565 , @entity6 and @entity299 . Seventy (46%) @entity1 had at least one readmission and 32 @entity1 (21%) died within 12 months of admission to hospital. Greater deprivation was associated with increased mortality at 12 months after admission after adjusting for other factors ( @entity24773 , 95% CI 2.0-61, P= 0.006). In the subgroup who underwent high-resolution computed tomographic scanning (93), increasing severity of @entity4595 (modified Bhalla score) was associated with readmission within 12 months (P= 0.004), but not mortality (P= 0.419). CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that exacerbations of @entity4595 in South Auckland are more common in @entity1 who are predominantly of Maaori or Pacific descent and are socioeconomically deprived. Admission to hospital for an exacerbation is associated with high readmission and mortality rates.

title: Socioeconomic deprivation, readmissions, mortality and acute exacerbations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: Surgical correction of infantile @entity5971 prior to age 2 is associated with a higher prevalence of fusion and stereopsis than surgical correction after 2 years of age. The advantages and disadvantages of surgical intervention at the early or late end of this window have been debated in the literature. In the present study, random dot (RD) stereoacuity outcomes were evaluated in order to determine whether a binocular sensory benefit is associated with early or late surgery. @entity1 were 73 healthy @entity1 enrolled in a prospective study of visual development in infantile @entity5971 . All @entity1 had initial surgical correction at 5 to 16 months of age. RD stereoacuity was evaluated at approximately 5 years of age (59.7 +/- 14.9 months). Overall, 41.1% of @entity1 demonstrated RD stereopsis. The percentage of @entity1 demonstrating RD stereopsis was not significantly different among groups that were surgically corrected at 5 to 8 months (43.8%), 9 to 12 months (47.4%), and 13 to 16 months (31.8%). However, among those @entity1 who achieved RD stereopsis, the prevalence of foveal (< 60 sec) or macular (61 to 200 sec) stereoacuity was significantly higher among those who had surgery at 5 to 8 months (42.9%; Z = 2.06, p < 0.02) or 9 to 12 months (55.6%; Z = 2.38, p < 0.009) than among those who had surgery at 13 to 16 months (0.0%). Although surgical correction of infantile @entity5971 during the first year of life is not associated with a higher prevalence of RD stereopsis, it is associated with better RD stereoacuity among those @entity1 who achieve stereopsis following surgery.

title: Random dot stereoacuity following surgical correction of infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: Within the past decade, bone marrow transplantation has been applied to over 200 @entity1 worldwide with the intention of treating @entity66 . Bone marrow transplantation has provided a method for treatment of @entity8019 , @entity8431 , @entity15224 and @entity12751 . After engraftment, significant improvement in the clinical course of each of these diseases occurs. Survival data of engrafted @entity1 are superior to those of non-transplanted. Engraftment and the resulting enzymatic reconstitution are concordant. Outcomes based on neuropsychological tests indicate continued maintenance and in some cases @entity73 . Magnetic resonance imaging as well as spectroscopic examinations of the brain provide further evidence that positive changes occur in the central nervous system following long-term engraftment. A better quality of life follows engraftment. Greater gains from use of bone marrow transplantation for these particular @entity66 will occur in the future. Earlier diagnosis will allow bone marrow transplantation in the presymptomatic stage at a younger age, providing an enhancement of positive effects noted from such treatment. At the same time, advances in bone marrow technology will serve to reduce the risk factors involved with the bone marrow transplantation process itself. These two factors taken together will be more than additive in providing benefits from use of bone marrow transplantation.

title: The future for treatment by bone marrow transplantation for adrenoleukodystrophy, XXXX , @entity15224 and @entity12751 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['storage diseases']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['increase in cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity8431 :: ('MESH:D007966', 'Disease') :: ['metachromatic leukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity8019 :: ('MESH:D000326', 'Disease') :: ['adrenoleukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity12751 :: ('MESH:D008059', 'Disease') :: ['Hurler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15224 :: ('MESH:D007965', 'Disease') :: ['globoid cell leukodystrophy']

answer: @entity8431 :: (MESH:D007966,Disease) :: ['metachromatic leukodystrophy']


abstract: Within the past decade, bone marrow transplantation has been applied to over 200 @entity1 worldwide with the intention of treating @entity66 . Bone marrow transplantation has provided a method for treatment of @entity8019 , @entity8431 , @entity15224 and @entity12751 . After engraftment, significant improvement in the clinical course of each of these diseases occurs. Survival data of engrafted @entity1 are superior to those of non-transplanted. Engraftment and the resulting enzymatic reconstitution are concordant. Outcomes based on neuropsychological tests indicate continued maintenance and in some cases @entity73 . Magnetic resonance imaging as well as spectroscopic examinations of the brain provide further evidence that positive changes occur in the central nervous system following long-term engraftment. A better quality of life follows engraftment. Greater gains from use of bone marrow transplantation for these particular @entity66 will occur in the future. Earlier diagnosis will allow bone marrow transplantation in the presymptomatic stage at a younger age, providing an enhancement of positive effects noted from such treatment. At the same time, advances in bone marrow technology will serve to reduce the risk factors involved with the bone marrow transplantation process itself. These two factors taken together will be more than additive in providing benefits from use of bone marrow transplantation.

title: The future for treatment by bone marrow transplantation for adrenoleukodystrophy, @entity8431 , XXXX and @entity12751 .

answer: @entity15224 :: (MESH:D007965,Disease) :: ['globoid cell leukodystrophy']


abstract: Within the past decade, bone marrow transplantation has been applied to over 200 @entity1 worldwide with the intention of treating @entity66 . Bone marrow transplantation has provided a method for treatment of @entity8019 , @entity8431 , @entity15224 and @entity12751 . After engraftment, significant improvement in the clinical course of each of these diseases occurs. Survival data of engrafted @entity1 are superior to those of non-transplanted. Engraftment and the resulting enzymatic reconstitution are concordant. Outcomes based on neuropsychological tests indicate continued maintenance and in some cases @entity73 . Magnetic resonance imaging as well as spectroscopic examinations of the brain provide further evidence that positive changes occur in the central nervous system following long-term engraftment. A better quality of life follows engraftment. Greater gains from use of bone marrow transplantation for these particular @entity66 will occur in the future. Earlier diagnosis will allow bone marrow transplantation in the presymptomatic stage at a younger age, providing an enhancement of positive effects noted from such treatment. At the same time, advances in bone marrow technology will serve to reduce the risk factors involved with the bone marrow transplantation process itself. These two factors taken together will be more than additive in providing benefits from use of bone marrow transplantation.

title: The future for treatment by bone marrow transplantation for adrenoleukodystrophy, @entity8431 , @entity15224 and XXXX .

answer: @entity12751 :: (MESH:D008059,Disease) :: ['Hurler syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3392 connexin 36.7 ( @entity72878 /ecx) has been identified as a key molecule in the early stages of heart development in this species. A defect in @entity72878 causes severe @entity4297 due to the downregulation of @entity21505 expression, a result which resembles @entity299 in @entity1 . It has been shown that @entity72878 is expressed specifically in early developing @entity299 . However, the regulatory mechanism for the cardiac-restricted expression of @entity72878 remains to be elucidated. In this study we isolated the 5'-flanking promoter region of the @entity72878 gene and characterized its promoter activity in @entity3392 embryos. Deletion analysis showed that a 316-bp upstream region is essential for cardiac-restricted expression. This region contains four @entity53218 elements, the proximal two of which are responsible for promoter activation in the embryonic heart and serve as binding sites for @entity53218 . When @entity53218 , @entity43669 and @entity72879 were simultaneously knocked down, the promoter activity was significantly decreased. Moreover, the deletion of the region between -316 and -133bp led to EGFP expression in the embryonic trunk muscle. The distal two @entity53218 and A/T-rich elements in this region act as repressors of promoter activity in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that @entity72878 expression is directed by cardiac promoter activation via the two proximal @entity53218 elements as well as by skeletal muscle-specific promoter repression via the two distal @entity53218 elements.

title: Characterization of the XXXX @entity72878 gene promoter: Its regulation of cardiac-specific expression and skeletal muscle-specific repression.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart cardiomyocytes', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['zebrafish', 'Zebrafish']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['heart malformation']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3392 connexin 36.7 ( @entity72878 /ecx) has been identified as a key molecule in the early stages of heart development in this species. A defect in @entity72878 causes severe @entity4297 due to the downregulation of @entity21505 expression, a result which resembles @entity299 in @entity1 . It has been shown that @entity72878 is expressed specifically in early developing @entity299 . However, the regulatory mechanism for the cardiac-restricted expression of @entity72878 remains to be elucidated. In this study we isolated the 5'-flanking promoter region of the @entity72878 gene and characterized its promoter activity in @entity3392 embryos. Deletion analysis showed that a 316-bp upstream region is essential for cardiac-restricted expression. This region contains four @entity53218 elements, the proximal two of which are responsible for promoter activation in the embryonic heart and serve as binding sites for @entity53218 . When @entity53218 , @entity43669 and @entity72879 were simultaneously knocked down, the promoter activity was significantly decreased. Moreover, the deletion of the region between -316 and -133bp led to EGFP expression in the embryonic trunk muscle. The distal two @entity53218 and A/T-rich elements in this region act as repressors of promoter activity in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that @entity72878 expression is directed by cardiac promoter activation via the two proximal @entity53218 elements as well as by skeletal muscle-specific promoter repression via the two distal @entity53218 elements.

title: Characterization of the @entity3392 XXXX gene promoter: Its regulation of cardiac-specific expression and skeletal muscle-specific repression.

answer: @entity72878 :: (100005880(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['cx36.7']


abstract: A retrospective review was carried out to study @entity1 , not more than 16 years old, with a confirmed diagnosis of @entity2946 , who were residents of the Province of Ontario at the time of diagnosis between 1977 and 1987 inclusive. The provincial @entity5 registry provided the population database. One hundred and eight @entity1 with @entity2946 were identified of whom 72 (67%) were initially treated at University of Toronto Centres and 36 (33%) at other Health Science Centres, hospitals, and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in Ontario. The hospital/ @entity5 Centre records were reviewed. The 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) for all @entity1 treated in Ontario was 58% (SE = 5%). Those treated in Toronto had a 5-year RFS of 65% (SE = 6%) compared to 44% (SE = 8%) for those treated in other RCCs in the province (P = 0.02). Relapse-free survival for the RCCs ranged from 25 to 60%, with a trend for improved survival with increasing centre size. Univariate analysis of determinants of relapse-free survival for all 108 @entity1 showed the following variables to be significant: T-stage (Tx + T1 + T2 vs. @entity12817 + T3B) P = 0.0004, M-stage (M0 + Mx vs. M1-4) P = 0.0006, extent of resection (total vs. less than total) P = 0.002, radiotherapy (craniospinal irradiation and posterior fossa boost vs. other) P = 0.02, and treatment centre (Toronto centres vs. @entity5 ) P = 0.02. Cases treated at centres outside metropolitan Toronto had a nearly two-fold (relative risk = 1.93; 95% confidence interval = 1.07, 3.47) greater risk of recurrence or @entity204 than those seen in Toronto. However, in multivariate analysis this difference was not quite significant (P = 0.07) after controlling for stage (T and M), extent of resection, @entity693 , and gender. These data suggest that @entity1 with @entity2946 should be referred for treatment to large centres with major pediatric neurosurgical and oncology resources.

title: XXXX in Ontario, 1977-1987: population-based results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', 'Regional Cancer Centres', 'Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['Childhood medulloblastoma']


abstract: One hundred and fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity323 were assessed with Rigiscan monitoring of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and response to intracavernosal injections (ICI) of @entity3302 or @entity5015 . A satisfactory NPT, suggestive of psychogenic causation, was recorded in 58%, whereas 15% had clearly impaired NPT. There was a significant association between presence of @entity455 , @entity6 and @entity546 . For ICI, only 32% showed a satisfactory response, with 48% clearly impaired. Of the 92 @entity1 with satisfactory NPT, 40% HAD clearly impaired and 41% satisfactory ICI response. Of the 51 @entity1 with satisfactory ICI response, 8% had clearly impaired and 74.5% satisfactory NPT. There was no association between ICI response and history of @entity455 . We conclude that monitoring of NPT by Rigiscan, and without sleep monitoring, is a valuable diagnostic procedure. In contrast, because of the high proportion of false negative results. ICI monitoring is of very limited diagnostic value. The explanation for false negative ICI responses, however, could prove to be of considerable theoretical and clinical importance.

title: The clinical assessment of XXXX : a comparison of nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring and intracavernosal injections.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of NPT']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 recurrence is a rare but serious complication in @entity1 with @entity995 , leading to a high risk of @entity3 and @entity204 . Therefore, we assume that these recurrences have to be detected and treated as early as possible. Preliminary studies used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate postsurgical findings in the orbit. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution MRI to detect @entity5 recurrence in @entity1 with @entity995 in a large study cohort. DESIGN: Consecutive retrospective study (2007-2013) assessing MRI findings after enucleation. @entity1 : A total of 103 MRI examinations of 55 orbits (50 @entity1 , 27 male/23 female, mean age 16.3  12.4 months) with a median time of 8 months (range, 0-93) after enucleation for @entity995 . METHODS: High-resolution MRI using orbital surface coils was performed on 1.5 Tesla MRI systems to assess abnormal orbital findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Five European experts in @entity995 imaging evaluated the MRI examinations regarding the presence of abnormal orbital @entity2287 enhancement and judged them as " @entity5 ," "suspicious of @entity5 ," "postsurgical condition/scar formation," or "without pathologic findings." The findings were correlated to histopathology (if available), MRI, and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Abnormal orbital enhancement was a common finding after enucleation (100% in the first 3 months after enucleation, 64.3% >3 years after enucleation). All histopathologically confirmed @entity5 recurrences (3 of 55 orbits, 5.5%) were correctly judged as " @entity5 " in MRI. Two orbits from 2 @entity1 rated as "suspicious of @entity5 " received intravenous chemotherapy without histopathologic confirmation; further follow-up (67  and 47 months) revealed no sign of @entity5 recurrence. In 90.2%, no @entity5 was suspected on MRI, which was clinically confirmed during follow-up (median follow-up after enucleation, 45 months; range, 8-126). CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution MRI with orbital surface coils may reliably distinguish between common postsurgical contrast enhancement and @entity5 recurrence, and therefore may be a useful tool to evaluate @entity5 recurrence after enucleation in @entity1 with @entity995 . We recommend high-resolution MRI as a potential screening tool for the orbit in @entity1 with @entity995 to exclude @entity5 recurrence, especially in high-risk @entity1 within the critical first 2 years after enucleation.

title: High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Can Reliably Detect Orbital Tumor  Recurrence after Enucleation in  @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Orbital tumor', 'orbital tumor', 'definitive tumor']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 recurrence is a rare but serious complication in @entity1 with @entity995 , leading to a high risk of @entity3 and @entity204 . Therefore, we assume that these recurrences have to be detected and treated as early as possible. Preliminary studies used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate postsurgical findings in the orbit. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution MRI to detect @entity5 recurrence in @entity1 with @entity995 in a large study cohort. DESIGN: Consecutive retrospective study (2007-2013) assessing MRI findings after enucleation. @entity1 : A total of 103 MRI examinations of 55 orbits (50 @entity1 , 27 male/23 female, mean age 16.3  12.4 months) with a median time of 8 months (range, 0-93) after enucleation for @entity995 . METHODS: High-resolution MRI using orbital surface coils was performed on 1.5 Tesla MRI systems to assess abnormal orbital findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Five European experts in @entity995 imaging evaluated the MRI examinations regarding the presence of abnormal orbital @entity2287 enhancement and judged them as " @entity5 ," "suspicious of @entity5 ," "postsurgical condition/scar formation," or "without pathologic findings." The findings were correlated to histopathology (if available), MRI, and clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Abnormal orbital enhancement was a common finding after enucleation (100% in the first 3 months after enucleation, 64.3% >3 years after enucleation). All histopathologically confirmed @entity5 recurrences (3 of 55 orbits, 5.5%) were correctly judged as " @entity5 " in MRI. Two orbits from 2 @entity1 rated as "suspicious of @entity5 " received intravenous chemotherapy without histopathologic confirmation; further follow-up (67  and 47 months) revealed no sign of @entity5 recurrence. In 90.2%, no @entity5 was suspected on MRI, which was clinically confirmed during follow-up (median follow-up after enucleation, 45 months; range, 8-126). CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution MRI with orbital surface coils may reliably distinguish between common postsurgical contrast enhancement and @entity5 recurrence, and therefore may be a useful tool to evaluate @entity5 recurrence after enucleation in @entity1 with @entity995 . We recommend high-resolution MRI as a potential screening tool for the orbit in @entity1 with @entity995 to exclude @entity5 recurrence, especially in high-risk @entity1 within the critical first 2 years after enucleation.

title: High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Can Reliably Detect Orbital Tumor  Recurrence after Enucleation in  XXXX with @entity995 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Very few studies have investigated the incidence and risk of @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) associated with distinct sources of @entity1355 exposure, especially exposure to naturally occurring @entity1355 (NOA). METHODS: Subjects were @entity3620 , lung, and @entity0 @entity1 who were diagnosed and followed in Diyarbakir Province between 2008 and 2013. The birthplaces of @entity1 were displayed on a geologic map. Geological and meteorological effects on @entity3620 were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 180 @entity3620 , 368 breast, and 406 @entity2 @entity1 were included. The median distance from birthplace to ophiolites was 6.26  km for @entity3620 , 31.06  km for lung, and 34.31  km for @entity0 (p  <  0.001). The majority of @entity3620 cases were seen within 20  km from NOA areas. The @entity3620 incidence inside of NOA was 1059/100.000, and out of NOA was 397/100.000; this difference was significant (p  =  0.014). The largest concentration of @entity3620 residential areas was within    30   (34 residential areas 36.6  %) of the dominant wind direction. Most @entity3620 @entity1 were found in or near the dominant wind direction, especially in the acute angle defined by the dominant wind direction. @entity3620 incidence was directly proportional to {[area of NOA (km(2))] * [cosine a of wind direction angle]} and was inversely proportional to the square of the distance (R  =  0.291, p  =  0.023). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3620 was higher near NOA and in the downwind direction. @entity3620 incidence and risk were affected by geological and meteorological factors.

title: High-risk mesothelioma relation to meteorological and geological condition and distance from naturally occurring XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma', 'MM']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestos']


abstract: Untreated essential @entity101 is associated with @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and structural changes in resistance vessels. The aim of this study was to establish the effect of @entity4687 based antihypertensive therapy on media thickness to lumen diameter (media:lumen) ratio of peripheral resistance vessels and left ventricular mass in essential @entity101 . Twenty-five @entity1 with newly diagnosed or poorly regulated essential @entity101 were treated with @entity4687 . Insufficient treatment response ( @entity13520 > 90 mmHg) led to addition of @entity4768 , and @entity2514 was used as a tertiary drug if necessary. Gluteal subcutaneous biopsies were taken surgically at baseline and after 9 months of successful treatment. Two small resistance arteries were isolated and mounted in a small vessel myograph, and media:lumen ratio (%) was measured under standardized conditions. Left ventricular mass was determined by echocardiography. Mean (SD) media:lumen ratio decreased from 9.8 (2.6) % to 7.8 (1.9) % (p < 0.05), while left ventricular mass decreased from 299 (75) g to 199 (53) g (p < 0.001). Correlation was found between changes in left ventricular mass index and media:lumen ratio (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). It is concluded that a @entity4687 based regimen efficiently normalizes resistance artery structure and @entity4346 in essential @entity101 within one year of treatment. The impact of these findings on the excess @entity65 and mortality in @entity101 remains to be investigated.

title: Normalization of structural cardiovascular changes during antihypertensive treatment with a regimen based on the ACE-inhibitor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity4768 :: ('MESH:D017275', 'Chemical') :: ['isradipine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity4687 :: (MESH:D020913,Chemical) :: ['perindopril']


abstract: Ab externo @entity839 :YAG Holmium laser sclerostomy is an interesting alternative to standard full thickness filtering surgery. We report our retrospective experience over a total number of 38 sclerostomies between march 1993 and september 1994 on 32 @entity1 (33 eyes) with primary or secondary @entity726 composed of 17 phakic and 16 aphakic and/or @entity735 . The mean @entity1 age is 62.9 years (range: 10 to 90 years). The mean follow-up time is 7.5 months (1 to 18 months). We used a long pulsed (300 microsec) laser emitting in the near infrared (2.1 microns). A conjunctival stab incision was made 12 mm away from the sclerostomy site to allow entry of a 22 G probe which delivers energy at a right angle to the long axis of the fiber. We used 100 mJ per pulse laser energy delivered at a rate of 5 impacts per second. The mean delivered energy to produce a functional sclerostomy was 16.1 J. All @entity1 received subconjunctival injections of 5 @entity1487 (mean number of injections: 7.4). Criteria for success included an IOP of 22 mmH or less with or without additional medical treatment and a decrease of at least 30% of IOP when the preoperative IOP was 22 mmHg or less. The mean preoperative IOP was 35.8 mmHg (21 to 54 mmHg). By 3 months, the mean IOP of the 14 eyes over 19 successfully controlled was 15.2 mmHg (8 to 22 mmHg) with additional medical treatment in 3 cases. By 6 months, 11 eyes over 11 successfully controlled was 14.1 mmHg (6 to 21 mmHg) with additional medical treatment in 3 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [External sclerostomy using the @entity839 :YAG Holmium laser in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomas']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakic eyes']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Ab externo @entity839 :YAG Holmium laser sclerostomy is an interesting alternative to standard full thickness filtering surgery. We report our retrospective experience over a total number of 38 sclerostomies between march 1993 and september 1994 on 32 @entity1 (33 eyes) with primary or secondary @entity726 composed of 17 phakic and 16 aphakic and/or @entity735 . The mean @entity1 age is 62.9 years (range: 10 to 90 years). The mean follow-up time is 7.5 months (1 to 18 months). We used a long pulsed (300 microsec) laser emitting in the near infrared (2.1 microns). A conjunctival stab incision was made 12 mm away from the sclerostomy site to allow entry of a 22 G probe which delivers energy at a right angle to the long axis of the fiber. We used 100 mJ per pulse laser energy delivered at a rate of 5 impacts per second. The mean delivered energy to produce a functional sclerostomy was 16.1 J. All @entity1 received subconjunctival injections of 5 @entity1487 (mean number of injections: 7.4). Criteria for success included an IOP of 22 mmH or less with or without additional medical treatment and a decrease of at least 30% of IOP when the preoperative IOP was 22 mmHg or less. The mean preoperative IOP was 35.8 mmHg (21 to 54 mmHg). By 3 months, the mean IOP of the 14 eyes over 19 successfully controlled was 15.2 mmHg (8 to 22 mmHg) with additional medical treatment in 3 cases. By 6 months, 11 eyes over 11 successfully controlled was 14.1 mmHg (6 to 21 mmHg) with additional medical treatment in 3 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [External sclerostomy using the XXXX :YAG Holmium laser in the treatment of @entity726 ].

answer: @entity839 :: (MESH:D013759,Chemical) :: ['THC']


abstract: Reliable prognostic factors are needed to improve the stratification of @entity1 with @entity0 to different therapy modalities. We investigated the prognostic value of quantitative histopathology in a retrospective study of 98 "low-risk" @entity0 @entity1 (T1+2N0M0) with a median follow-up of 9 years. An interactive video system and stereological and morphometric techniques were used to obtain estimates of four nuclear features (mean volume, mean profile area, volume fraction, and profile density), and two mitotic counts [ @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 )]. All measurements were performed in fields of vision sampled systematically from the whole @entity5 area of a routine histological section. Histological grade, histological type, and @entity2931 receptor (ER) status was reassessed, whereas @entity5 diameter and age at diagnosis were recorded from the files. We found that all quantitative histopathological variables and ER status were correlated with histological grade. Single-factor prognostic analyses showed a highly significant value of @entity2198 (2p = 0.001) and a marginally significant value of @entity2101 (2p = 0.09), whereas no other variable approached statistical significance (2p > or = 0.25). In a multivariate Cox analysis, @entity2198 was the only parameter of significant independent prognostic value (2p = 0.03). Thus, the prognostic value of nuclear features found in previous studies could not be reproduced, whereas the marked value of mitotic counts for prediction of the outcome in @entity1 with @entity0 was confirmed. Mitotic counts are easily obtained and may be of clinical value for identification of high-risk cases among @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Quantitative histopathology in XXXX . Prognostic significance of mitotic counts.

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'mitotic profile frequency']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'lymph node-negative breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic profile density', 'MD']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['lymph node-negative breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Comparisons were made between two groups of anorectic @entity1 , 'non-white' and 'white', on a variety of clinical and social characteristics. METHOD: The study is based on a 34-year long database (1960-93) associated with a national tertiary referral centre. Thirty-six non-white @entity1 meeting DSM-III-R criteria for @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) and five with 'partial syndrome' are compared with a white group comprising 944 @entity1 with full syndrome. RESULTS: The main finding is clinical similarity between the two groups, extending to social class and pathological patterns of family relationship. The non-whites are shorter in stature (P = 0.004) and report earlier menarche (P = 0.004); they are younger at presentation (P < 0.001), somewhat less emaciated, and practice veganism slightly more commonly; they less often acknowledge sensitivity to 'fatness' (P < 0.003). This sensitivity was exposed later whenever treatment involved substantial @entity1017 . The proportion of non-white cases accepted for assessment has not changed in respect of year of onset (around 6%) for the last 20 years, or year of presentation (around 6-7%) over the last 15 years. There was a tendency for non-white @entity1 to be referred earlier in their illness. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and background profiles of non-white and white anorectics are generally similar. The numbers arising and presenting have not changed recently. Non-white @entity1 apparently have as ready access as white @entity1 to assessment and treatment by us.

title: XXXX in 'non-white' populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'anorexia nervosa']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Anorexia nervosa']


abstract: Moderate @entity2332 has been shown to improve neurologic outcomes in both fluid-percussion and @entity131 models of experimental @entity1545 . Based upon initial clinical work, it was concluded that at temperatures < 32 degrees C, @entity1 with severe @entity1545 were at increased risk of @entity943 , and that rapid rewarming immediately postinjury predisposed to intracranial pressure increases. Subsequent clinical studies of moderate @entity2332 (32 degrees C) for 24- to 48-hr duration with slow rewarming in @entity1 @entity1545 showed indications of neurologic improvement and a low incidence of @entity2332 -related complications. Based upon the strengths of both laboratory and clinical data, a multicenter (nine centers), randomized, prospective trial testing moderate @entity2332 in @entity1 with severe @entity1545 has been organized. This trial, funded by National Institutes of Health, National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 , began on October 20, 1994. Five hundred @entity1 are to be treated in an intent-to-treat protocol using standard management at normothermia versus standard management at @entity2332 . The trial is designed to detect an absolute shift of 12% in the percentage of @entity1 achieving satisfactory outcome (good recovery/moderate disability) at a power of 85% at 6 months postinjury. The efficacy of hyperbaric @entity26 administered every 8 hrs for 1-hr duration for a 2-wk period has also been tested in @entity1 after severe @entity1545 . While the mortality rate was reduced in the treated group, the percentage of favorable outcomes was unchanged. Further studies are in progress.

title: @entity2332 and hyperbaric XXXX as treatment modalities for severe head injury.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cortical contusion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological Disorders']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'systemic hypothermia']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Moderate @entity2332 has been shown to improve neurologic outcomes in both fluid-percussion and @entity131 models of experimental @entity1545 . Based upon initial clinical work, it was concluded that at temperatures < 32 degrees C, @entity1 with severe @entity1545 were at increased risk of @entity943 , and that rapid rewarming immediately postinjury predisposed to intracranial pressure increases. Subsequent clinical studies of moderate @entity2332 (32 degrees C) for 24- to 48-hr duration with slow rewarming in @entity1 @entity1545 showed indications of neurologic improvement and a low incidence of @entity2332 -related complications. Based upon the strengths of both laboratory and clinical data, a multicenter (nine centers), randomized, prospective trial testing moderate @entity2332 in @entity1 with severe @entity1545 has been organized. This trial, funded by National Institutes of Health, National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 , began on October 20, 1994. Five hundred @entity1 are to be treated in an intent-to-treat protocol using standard management at normothermia versus standard management at @entity2332 . The trial is designed to detect an absolute shift of 12% in the percentage of @entity1 achieving satisfactory outcome (good recovery/moderate disability) at a power of 85% at 6 months postinjury. The efficacy of hyperbaric @entity26 administered every 8 hrs for 1-hr duration for a 2-wk period has also been tested in @entity1 after severe @entity1545 . While the mortality rate was reduced in the treated group, the percentage of favorable outcomes was unchanged. Further studies are in progress.

title: XXXX and hyperbaric @entity26 as treatment modalities for severe head injury.

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['Hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe the transpelvic rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap for closing large, often irradiated, perineal defects in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: We studied 9 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 who underwent wide excision of advanced T3 and T4 @entity5 and who had preoperative chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both. After @entity5 ablation, we used a transpelvic rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap to fill pelvic dead space and primarily close the perineal wounds. Twelve simultaneous vaginal reconstructions were performed. RESULTS: Wounds healed promptly in 14 @entity1 . Healing was delayed in the remaining 12 @entity1 due to poor flap adherence to irradiated tissue beds (9), complete flap loss (2), or partial flap loss (1). @entity245 was associated with the combination of @entity28 and prior irradiation. Other perioperative complications included localized abdominal wound infection (2), enterocutaneous @entity292 (1), and abdominal herniation (1). @entity66 was controlled in 20 of 26 @entity1 . Mean follow-up was 22 months. CONCLUSION: Transpelvic rotation of the rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap facilitates healing large, difficult, perineal wounds, resulting from @entity5 ablation.

title: Perineal wound closure with the rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap after XXXX ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Local disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed healing']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity2167 drugs can be used to produce a loss of cochlear hair cells to create animal models of @entity2319 . However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the establishment of a @entity35 @entity2319 model through the combined application of @entity581 and loop diuretics. The aim of this study was to use single or combined administration of @entity1483 and @entity7913 to establish @entity35 models of @entity2319 . The @entity35 received intravenous injections of different doses of @entity1483 and/or intramuscular injections of @entity7913 . The auditory brainstem response was measured to determine the hearing threshold after drug application. Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy were performed to evaluate inner ear morphology. In the group receiving combined administration of @entity1483 and @entity7913 , the auditory brainstem response threshold showed significant elevation 3 days after administration, higher than that produced by @entity1483 or @entity7913 alone. The hair cells showed varying degrees of injury, from the apical turn to the basal turn of the cochlea and from the outer hair cells to the inner hair cells. The @entity4494 cells maintained a normal morphology during the first week after the hair cells completely disappeared, and then gradually degenerated. After 2 months, the majority of @entity4494 cells disappeared, but a few remained. These findings demonstrate that the combined administration of @entity1483 and @entity7913 has a synergistic @entity2167 effect, and that these drugs can produce hair cell loss and @entity393 in @entity35 . These findings suggest that even in @entity1 with severe @entity2319 , electronic cochlear implants may partially restore hearing.

title: An efficient strategy for establishing a model of sensorineural deafness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin', 'kanamycin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['Ototoxic', 'ototoxic']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity5 of peripheral nerve are largely neuroectodermal in nature and derived from 2 elements of nerve, Schwann or perineurial cells. In contrast, @entity361 affecting peripheral nerve are rare and are derived mainly from epineurial connective tissue. The spectrum of the latter is broad and includes @entity1350 , @entity1583 , and even @entity1653 . Of @entity1263 , the vast majority are primary @entity1263 . Malignancies of mesenchymal type are much less common. To date, only 12 cases of @entity1352 of nerve have been described. Whereas in the past, parallels were drawn between @entity1352 and @entity5 , an uncommon form of @entity808 , molecular genetics have since clarified the distinction. Herein, we report 10 additional examples of molecularly confirmed @entity1352 , all arising within minor or major nerves. Affecting 7 female and 3 male @entity1 , 4 @entity5 occurred in pediatric @entity1 . Clinically and radiologically, most lesions were initially thought to be @entity4847 . On reinterpretation of imaging, they were considered indeterminate in nature with some features suspicious for @entity5 . @entity1352 of nerve, albeit rare, seems to behave in a manner similar to its more common, soft tissue counterpart. Those affecting nerve have a variable prognosis. Definitive recommendations regarding surgery and adjuvant therapies await additional reports and long-term follow-up. The literature is reviewed and a meta-analysis is performed with respect to clinicopathologic features versus outcome.

title: XXXX of nerve.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peripheral nerve neoplasms', 'peripheral nerve sheath tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'malignant glandular schwannoma', 'tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1350 :: ('MESH:D019043', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma, vascular neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma', 'Synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['benign nerve sheath tumors']

answer: @entity1352 :: (MESH:D013584,Disease) :: ['Synovial sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When suffering a @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), the @entity1 and family face numerous challenges regardless of socio-economic level. The stigmatisation of @entity1 with disabilities has been reported, however, reports from Southern Africa are largely lacking. PURPOSE: To explore the experiences of living with a traumatic @entity1566 in Botswana concerning perceived attitudes, obstacles and challenges. METHOD: A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was conducted. Thirteen community-dwelling @entity1 who have lived with an @entity1566 for at least two years participated. RESULTS: A theoretical model was formed that illustrate the associations between the core category, Self, and the categories Relationships and Society. The model illustrates that personal resources, including a strong identity and a positive attitude, are crucial to the experience of inclusion in the community. A supportive family, a source of income, and faith were strong facilitators, while inaccessibility and devaluing attitudes were barriers. Having a disability led to increased risk of poverty and social exclusion. CONCLUSION: This study emphasised the importance of personal resources, family support, and improved accessibility to facilitate inclusion in the society. Informants requested legislation to advocate for the rights of @entity1 with disabilities to be respected, with the aim of moving towards an equal accessible society. Implications for Rehabilitation Reclaiming or restructuring one's identity after a @entity1566 is crucial for the @entity1 's ability to move on and develop beneficial coping strategies. Support from family and friends, staff and peer support are crucial parts in that process. Spirituality, values, needs and coping strategies vary profoundly among @entity1 sustaining disabling @entity130 . In striving to optimise care, rehabilitation staff needs to be attentive to the personal resources and preferences to be able to individualise care, encounter, and facilitate transition back to the community. Family members play a crucial part in rehabilitation. It is essential for the @entity1 ' well-being and care that they get explicit descriptions of the @entity1 's abilities. Living in a well-adapted home will facilitate well-being, independence, and return to work. Rehabilitation staff needs to focus their efforts on making this successful prior to discharge from hospital.

title: 'The moment I leave my home - there will be massive challenges': experiences of living with a XXXX in Botswana.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether (diagnostic and interventional) ultrasound imaging can be used to provide visual feedback affecting treatment outcome ( @entity158 and disability). DESIGN: Controlled clinical trial. SUBJECTS: A total of 52 @entity1 with (ultrasonographically confirmed) symptomatic @entity8060 were enrolled. METHODS: The cysts were drained under ultrasound guidance and, if necessary, @entity228 injections were given on the follow-up visit. In group I (n   =   26) the @entity1 did not observe the procedures on the ultrasound (US) screen. In group II (n   =   26) the US images/videos were shown and explained to the @entity1 . The @entity1 were included in one of the groups consecutively, unless they refused the protocol of that group. Treatment outcome was assessed via US measurements, aspirate volumes, visual analogue scale (VAS) (knee @entity158 , procedure discomfort), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC), @entity3232 ( @entity3232 ), Kellgren-Lawrence grading scale, Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, and @entity1443 intake. RESULTS: The 2 groups were similar regarding US measurements, aspirate volume and @entity1443 use (p-values >   0.05). In both groups all VAS (p   <   0.001) and WOMAC (p   <   0.05) scores decreased after treatment. Although initial VAS and WOMAC scores were similar between the groups, all VAS/WOMAC scores, except VAS-2, WOMAC-2 @entity158 , and WOMAC-3 stiffness, were significantly lower in group II (all p   <   0.05). Initial @entity3232 scores were similar between the groups; however, group II had significantly lower scores at visits 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity8060 (diagnostic/interventional) US imaging can be used as a simple means of visual biofeedback, favourably affecting the treatment outcome ( @entity158 and disability).

title: Effects of Sono-feedback during aspiration of XXXX : A controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['RLC', 'Rauschning-Lindgren Classification']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity8060 :: ('MESH:D011151', 'Disease') :: ["Baker's cysts"]

answer: @entity8060 :: (MESH:D011151,Disease) :: ['Baker's cysts']


abstract: @entity1 who have @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) are frequently hospitalized for long-term intravenous (IV) treatment. We evaluated clinical effectiveness of the Drum-Cartridge Catheter (Abbott Laboratories) for such @entity1 . The catheter is placed peripherally under local anesthesia via an antecubital vein into the superior vena cava or right atrium. @entity1 who were more than 10 years of age and who were hospitalized for IV antibiotic therapy and/or IV hyperalimentation were studied. All but 2 @entity1 had @entity1577 . Using an aseptic technique the catheters were inserted into the basilic or cephalic vein. Chest radiographs were used to confirm the final location of the catheter. Catheters were used to administer IV antibiotics, hyperalimentation, and lipids. There were 38 catheterizations in 23 @entity1 ; several @entity1 had repeated insertions at later admissions. The success rate of insertion was 86% with 31 of the 38 insertions initially located either in the superior vena cava or right atrium. Mean duration of catheterization was 15.4 days (range 5-49 days). No major complications such as @entity295 , catheter or clot @entity887 , pneumothorax, vascular perforation, or @entity548 occurred in the @entity1 who had DF. Complications that required displacement of catheter into the axillary vein (1 @entity1 ), and cracked catheter hub (1 @entity1 ). This study shows that the Drum-Cartridge Catheter can be used easily for IV therapy of @entity1 who have @entity1577 for a long duration, repeatedly, and with no major complications.

title: Peripherally inserted central venous catheters for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relative contributions of changes in vascular tone and changes in cardiac function to hemodynamic recovery from @entity326 . DESIGN: Case series, observational study. SETTING: Multidisciplinary department of intensive care in an academic hospital. @entity1 : Sixty-seven @entity1 with @entity326 (prolonged @entity551 , signs of tissue hypoperfusion, signs of @entity295 , suspected source of @entity281 , or documented @entity2259 ). In addition to the antibiotic therapy and the removal of the source of @entity295 whenever possible, each @entity1 received intravenous fluids and vasoactive agents ( @entity935 , @entity1063 , and @entity452 ). Each @entity1 was also treated with mechanical ventilation. Twenty-four (36%) @entity1 survived their intensive care unit course. INTERVENTIONS: Hemodynamic measurements were obtained at baseline, after initial resuscitation (as soon as apparent hemodynamic stability was achieved), after 12 hrs, and after 24 hrs. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There were no significant differences in hemodynamic or @entity26 -derived variables at baseline between the survivors and the nonsurvivors. During the initial resuscitation period, only the survivors demonstrated a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (from 69 +/- 17 to 82 +/- 18 mm Hg; p < .02) and left @entity64 work index (from 25.2 +/- 11.0 to 35.5 +/- 19.4 g.m/m2; p < .05). The increases in cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance were greater in the survivors than in the non-survivors, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. Study of the left ventricular function curves indicated an improvement of left ventricular function in the survivors but not in the nonsurvivors. CONCLUSION: An early improvement in left ventricular function is a hallmark of the survivors from @entity326 .

title: Early hemodynamic course of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the histopathologic features of cutaneous extranodal natural killer (NK)/ @entity784 (ENKTL), and the histopathologic spectrum of this disease according to its clinical morphology remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the differences in pathologic findings of cutaneous ENKTL depending on clinical morphology. METHODS: A total of 41 cases of cutaneous ENKTL were included. @entity272 were classified according to clinical morphology as: (i) nodular lesions, (ii) @entity2688 or @entity733 -like swellings and (iii) erythematous to @entity4125 patches. Histopathologic variables were compared between groups. RESULTS: Perivascular infiltration of @entity5 cells and vasculopathy in the dermis and subcutaneous layer were common microscopic findings irrespective of clinical morphology. @entity4125 patches were mainly composed of small-sized @entity5 cells, whereas medium- to large- @entity5 cells were predominant in lesions of other clinical morphologies. The density of @entity5 cell infiltration was significantly higher in @entity2688 or @entity75 or nodular lesions compared with erythematous to @entity4125 patches. A @entity3139 -like pattern and angiocentricity were less common in patch lesions than in @entity2688 -like @entity4 . CONCLUSION: There is a histopathologic spectrum of cutaneous ENKTL that is dependent on the clinical morphology.

title: Comparative histopathologic analysis of cutaneous extranodal natural killer/ XXXX according to their clinical morphology.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['abscess-like lesions']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling and nodular lesions']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['purpuric', 'Erythematous to purpuric']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['panniculitis']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphomas']


abstract: Because @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and its receptor play a pivotal role in many @entity5 , it is an attractive target for the design of inhibitors. Here we present a new family of bioisostere inhibitors, based on the structure of @entity72880 . @entity72880 is a substrate-competitive inhibitor of the @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ), with an IC50 = 61 nM in a cell-free kinase assay (Blum, G., Gazit, A., and Levitzki, A. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 15705-15712). @entity72880 is a low molecular weight compound containing two @entity6153 rings, which are sensitive to oxidation in cells. We have therefore prepared and examined @entity6153 bioisosteres of @entity72880 . These @entity72880 bioisosteres possess similar biological properties to @entity72880 ; they inhibit @entity2856 by a substrate-competitive mechanism and are non-competitive vis    vis @entity855 . They inhibit @entity2856 kinase activity in the sub-micromolar concentration range in cell-free assays. @entity442 induced @entity2856 autophosphorylation; @entity10175 phosphorylation and protein kinase B activation are inhibited at a low micromolar concentration range when applied to intact cells. These inhibitors also block the formation of colonies in soft agar by prostate and @entity0 cells. The ability to replace @entity6153 groups with a moiety that is more stable in cells may aid in developing non- @entity6153 -containing substrate-competitive inhibitors targeted toward @entity2856 and possibly against other protein- @entity669 kinases.

title: Development of new XXXX kinase inhibitors using @entity6153 mimics.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity2856 :: (3480,Gene) :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor']


abstract: Because @entity442 ( @entity442 ) and its receptor play a pivotal role in many @entity5 , it is an attractive target for the design of inhibitors. Here we present a new family of bioisostere inhibitors, based on the structure of @entity72880 . @entity72880 is a substrate-competitive inhibitor of the @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ), with an IC50 = 61 nM in a cell-free kinase assay (Blum, G., Gazit, A., and Levitzki, A. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 15705-15712). @entity72880 is a low molecular weight compound containing two @entity6153 rings, which are sensitive to oxidation in cells. We have therefore prepared and examined @entity6153 bioisosteres of @entity72880 . These @entity72880 bioisosteres possess similar biological properties to @entity72880 ; they inhibit @entity2856 by a substrate-competitive mechanism and are non-competitive vis    vis @entity855 . They inhibit @entity2856 kinase activity in the sub-micromolar concentration range in cell-free assays. @entity442 induced @entity2856 autophosphorylation; @entity10175 phosphorylation and protein kinase B activation are inhibited at a low micromolar concentration range when applied to intact cells. These inhibitors also block the formation of colonies in soft agar by prostate and @entity0 cells. The ability to replace @entity6153 groups with a moiety that is more stable in cells may aid in developing non- @entity6153 -containing substrate-competitive inhibitors targeted toward @entity2856 and possibly against other protein- @entity669 kinases.

title: Development of new @entity2856 kinase inhibitors using XXXX mimics.

answer: @entity6153 :: (MESH:C034221,Chemical) :: ['catechol']


abstract: Male and female @entity35 received @entity72881 daily by @entity4336 oil gavage for 10 or 90 consecutive days. The 10-day study doses were 0, 37, 147, 368 and 735 mg/kg; the 90-day study doses were 0, 9, 37, 147 and 588 mg/kg. In the 10-day study, there was a significant @entity308 of body weight in both sexes at 735 mg/kg. Liver weights were significantly increased in both sexes at 368 and 735 mg/kg. Serum @entity165 levels were significantly elevated in both sexes at 368 and 735 mg/kg. Histopathological evaluation revealed centrolobular hepatocellular degeneration at 368 mg/kg in males and 735 mg/kg in females. In the 90-day study, body weights were significantly depressed in both sexes at 588 mg/kg. Normalization of food and water consumption by final body weight indicated that at 588 mg/kg both sexes had increased food and water consumption relative to controls. Absolute and relative liver weights were significantly increased in both sexes at 147 and 588 mg/kg. Relative kidney weights were significantly higher in both sexes at 588 mg/kg and in males at 147 mg/kg. Serum @entity165 and @entity460 levels were significantly elevated over controls in females at 37, 147, and 588 mg/kg, and in males at all dose levels. Histopathological evaluation at 147 and/or 588 mg/kg demonstrated liver and @entity1374 in both sexes, and @entity8 in males. A NOAEL was not firmly established.

title: Toxicity studies of XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary and kidney lesions']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity72881 :: ('MESH:C042146', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3-dichlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid lesions']

answer: @entity72881 :: (MESH:C042146,Chemical) :: ['1,3-dichlorobenzene']


abstract: Male and female @entity35 received @entity72881 daily by @entity4336 oil gavage for 10 or 90 consecutive days. The 10-day study doses were 0, 37, 147, 368 and 735 mg/kg; the 90-day study doses were 0, 9, 37, 147 and 588 mg/kg. In the 10-day study, there was a significant @entity308 of body weight in both sexes at 735 mg/kg. Liver weights were significantly increased in both sexes at 368 and 735 mg/kg. Serum @entity165 levels were significantly elevated in both sexes at 368 and 735 mg/kg. Histopathological evaluation revealed centrolobular hepatocellular degeneration at 368 mg/kg in males and 735 mg/kg in females. In the 90-day study, body weights were significantly depressed in both sexes at 588 mg/kg. Normalization of food and water consumption by final body weight indicated that at 588 mg/kg both sexes had increased food and water consumption relative to controls. Absolute and relative liver weights were significantly increased in both sexes at 147 and 588 mg/kg. Relative kidney weights were significantly higher in both sexes at 588 mg/kg and in males at 147 mg/kg. Serum @entity165 and @entity460 levels were significantly elevated over controls in females at 37, 147, and 588 mg/kg, and in males at all dose levels. Histopathological evaluation at 147 and/or 588 mg/kg demonstrated liver and @entity1374 in both sexes, and @entity8 in males. A NOAEL was not firmly established.

title: Toxicity studies of @entity72881 in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: Although the mechanisms underlying the use-dependent inhibition of @entity140 receptors (AMPARs) by barbiturates are not well understood, it has generally been assumed to involve open channel block. We examined the properties of the inhibition of AMPARs by the barbiturate @entity4485 (PB) in acutely isolated and cultured hippocampal neurons. PB caused a use- and concentration-dependent inhibition (IC50 = 20.7 microM) of AMPAR-mediated currents evoked by @entity4176 . Contrary to the properties of an open channel blocker, the inhibition by PB developed with double exponential kinetics was reduced under conditions that favor the open channel state of AMPARs and was independent of membrane voltage. In addition, the inhibition was reduced at basic pH, indicating that the uncharged form of PB is active at AMPARs. Preventing AMPAR desensitization with @entity10640 reduced the potency of inhibition by PB and prevented its trapping after the removal of agonist. PB preferentially reduced the steady-state (IC50 = 92.8 microM), rather than peak (IC50 > 1 mM) component of responses evoked by @entity2227 and accelerated the onset of desensitization in a concentration-dependent manner. Miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents recorded from cultured hippocampal neurons, the time course of which is minimally influenced by desensitization, are not inhibited by PB. The sensitivity of AMPAR-mediated synaptic responses to inhibition by PB therefore depends on the contribution of desensitization to these events. Our results suggest that PB does not act as an open channel blocker of AMPARs. Rather, the sensitivity, use dependence, and trapping of inhibition by PB are determined by AMPARs desensitization.

title: Desensitization of @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptors facilitates use-dependent inhibition by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid']

entities_list: @entity10640 :: ('MESH:C004639', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclothiazide']

answer: @entity4485 :: (MESH:D010424,Chemical) :: ['pentobarbital']


abstract: Although the mechanisms underlying the use-dependent inhibition of @entity140 receptors (AMPARs) by barbiturates are not well understood, it has generally been assumed to involve open channel block. We examined the properties of the inhibition of AMPARs by the barbiturate @entity4485 (PB) in acutely isolated and cultured hippocampal neurons. PB caused a use- and concentration-dependent inhibition (IC50 = 20.7 microM) of AMPAR-mediated currents evoked by @entity4176 . Contrary to the properties of an open channel blocker, the inhibition by PB developed with double exponential kinetics was reduced under conditions that favor the open channel state of AMPARs and was independent of membrane voltage. In addition, the inhibition was reduced at basic pH, indicating that the uncharged form of PB is active at AMPARs. Preventing AMPAR desensitization with @entity10640 reduced the potency of inhibition by PB and prevented its trapping after the removal of agonist. PB preferentially reduced the steady-state (IC50 = 92.8 microM), rather than peak (IC50 > 1 mM) component of responses evoked by @entity2227 and accelerated the onset of desensitization in a concentration-dependent manner. Miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents recorded from cultured hippocampal neurons, the time course of which is minimally influenced by desensitization, are not inhibited by PB. The sensitivity of AMPAR-mediated synaptic responses to inhibition by PB therefore depends on the contribution of desensitization to these events. Our results suggest that PB does not act as an open channel blocker of AMPARs. Rather, the sensitivity, use dependence, and trapping of inhibition by PB are determined by AMPARs desensitization.

title: Desensitization of XXXX ( @entity140 ) receptors facilitates use-dependent inhibition by @entity4485 .

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid']


abstract: Although the mechanisms underlying the use-dependent inhibition of @entity140 receptors (AMPARs) by barbiturates are not well understood, it has generally been assumed to involve open channel block. We examined the properties of the inhibition of AMPARs by the barbiturate @entity4485 (PB) in acutely isolated and cultured hippocampal neurons. PB caused a use- and concentration-dependent inhibition (IC50 = 20.7 microM) of AMPAR-mediated currents evoked by @entity4176 . Contrary to the properties of an open channel blocker, the inhibition by PB developed with double exponential kinetics was reduced under conditions that favor the open channel state of AMPARs and was independent of membrane voltage. In addition, the inhibition was reduced at basic pH, indicating that the uncharged form of PB is active at AMPARs. Preventing AMPAR desensitization with @entity10640 reduced the potency of inhibition by PB and prevented its trapping after the removal of agonist. PB preferentially reduced the steady-state (IC50 = 92.8 microM), rather than peak (IC50 > 1 mM) component of responses evoked by @entity2227 and accelerated the onset of desensitization in a concentration-dependent manner. Miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents recorded from cultured hippocampal neurons, the time course of which is minimally influenced by desensitization, are not inhibited by PB. The sensitivity of AMPAR-mediated synaptic responses to inhibition by PB therefore depends on the contribution of desensitization to these events. Our results suggest that PB does not act as an open channel blocker of AMPARs. Rather, the sensitivity, use dependence, and trapping of inhibition by PB are determined by AMPARs desensitization.

title: Desensitization of @entity140 ( XXXX ) receptors facilitates use-dependent inhibition by @entity4485 .

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']