abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe utilization of 3% @entity4372 ( @entity4372 ) in hospitalized @entity1 and to evaluate the association between @entity4372 use and length of stay (LOS) in a real-world setting. STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included @entity1 <=12 months hospitalized with @entity5924 between October 2008 and September 2011 using the Pediatric Health Information System. @entity4372 use was categorized as trial, rescue, daily, or sporadic. Differences in LOS were compared after matching daily @entity4372 recipients and nonrecipients on propensity score. RESULTS: There were 63,337 hospitalizations for @entity5924 . @entity4372 was used in 24 of 42 hospitals and 2.9% of all hospitalizations. @entity4372 use increased from 0.4% of visits in 2008 to 9.2% of visits in 2011. There was substantial variation in @entity4372 use across hospitals (range 0.1%-32.6%). When used, @entity4372 was given daily during 60.6% of hospitalizations, sporadically in 10.4%, as a trial in 11.3%, and as a rescue in 17.7%. The propensity score-matched analysis of daily @entity4372 recipients (n=953) vs nonrecipients (n=953) showed no difference in mean LOS ( @entity4372 2.3 days vs nonrecipients 2.5 days; b-coefficient -0.04; 95% CI -0.15, 0.07; P=.5) or odds of staying longer than 1, 2, or 3 days. Daily @entity4372 recipients had a 33% decreased odds of staying in the hospital>4 days compared with nonrecipients (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.47, 0.97; P=.03). CONCLUSIONS: Variation in @entity4372 use and the lack of association between @entity4372 and mean LOS demonstrates the need for further research to standardize @entity4372 use and better define the @entity1 for whom @entity4372 will be most beneficial.

title: Utilization of nebulized 3% saline in XXXX hospitalized with @entity5924 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Lens membrane preparations have been shown to have a remarkable @entity2003 which increases in the inner nuclear region of the lens and has been correlated with the @entity165 (C)/phospholipid (PL) ratio. However, the distribution of these lipids in single lenses had not been determined. Utilizing a new technique for isolating consecutive layers of a @entity1 lens, lipid composition and contents of seven pairs of normal lenses from subjects ranging from 54 to 77 years old have been analyzed. It was found that the PL content remains relatively constant at 22-24 micrograms/mg through all but the nuclear 10-15% of the lens dry weight where it drops precipitously to about 7 micrograms/mg. The C distribution is more complex; the C content is at a low level of 14 micrograms/mg in the outer cortical 15-20%, rises to 25 micrograms/mg in the inner cortical 40-60% of the total lens weight, and drops to 12 micrograms/mg upon reaching the nucleus. Thus, the continuous increase in the lens C/PL ratio is due to the increase in C in the cortex and the large decrease in PL in the nucleus. Analyses of phospholipid and @entity844 composition in the different regions of the lens indicate significant differences. However, the abundance of @entity6221 contributing to the @entity2003 of the membrane has only minor variation. The lens has a remarkably low overall lipid content of 4% and only 2% in the nuclear region. Calculation of the surface area of the nuclear fiber cell suggests that less than one-third of the membrane is made of PL bilayer. Thus, a mosaic of PL and C patches or some other type of structure involving membrane fusion must be present. Conversion of the % dry weight occupied by the concentric fiber fractions to their location on the lens axis in mm indicates that the nuclear 15% dry weight of the tissue occupies more than 50% of the axial length. This region contains the @entity2085 and the primary lens fibers. Similarly, the metabolically active outer 20% of the dry weight accounts for less than 10% of the visual axial length and contains cells undergoing terminal differentiation. Cataractous lenses have lipid distributions similar to those of the normal lenses suggesting that membrane lipid is either not involved in @entity231 formation or that the primary insult is localized in an undetectable small number of fiber cells.

title: Membrane XXXX and phospholipid in consecutive concentric sections of @entity1 lenses.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lens']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['mono-unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Lens membrane preparations have been shown to have a remarkable @entity2003 which increases in the inner nuclear region of the lens and has been correlated with the @entity165 (C)/phospholipid (PL) ratio. However, the distribution of these lipids in single lenses had not been determined. Utilizing a new technique for isolating consecutive layers of a @entity1 lens, lipid composition and contents of seven pairs of normal lenses from subjects ranging from 54 to 77 years old have been analyzed. It was found that the PL content remains relatively constant at 22-24 micrograms/mg through all but the nuclear 10-15% of the lens dry weight where it drops precipitously to about 7 micrograms/mg. The C distribution is more complex; the C content is at a low level of 14 micrograms/mg in the outer cortical 15-20%, rises to 25 micrograms/mg in the inner cortical 40-60% of the total lens weight, and drops to 12 micrograms/mg upon reaching the nucleus. Thus, the continuous increase in the lens C/PL ratio is due to the increase in C in the cortex and the large decrease in PL in the nucleus. Analyses of phospholipid and @entity844 composition in the different regions of the lens indicate significant differences. However, the abundance of @entity6221 contributing to the @entity2003 of the membrane has only minor variation. The lens has a remarkably low overall lipid content of 4% and only 2% in the nuclear region. Calculation of the surface area of the nuclear fiber cell suggests that less than one-third of the membrane is made of PL bilayer. Thus, a mosaic of PL and C patches or some other type of structure involving membrane fusion must be present. Conversion of the % dry weight occupied by the concentric fiber fractions to their location on the lens axis in mm indicates that the nuclear 15% dry weight of the tissue occupies more than 50% of the axial length. This region contains the @entity2085 and the primary lens fibers. Similarly, the metabolically active outer 20% of the dry weight accounts for less than 10% of the visual axial length and contains cells undergoing terminal differentiation. Cataractous lenses have lipid distributions similar to those of the normal lenses suggesting that membrane lipid is either not involved in @entity231 formation or that the primary insult is localized in an undetectable small number of fiber cells.

title: Membrane @entity165 and phospholipid in consecutive concentric sections of XXXX lenses.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Thirty-five eligible @entity1 with disseminated @entity320 received intramuscular recombinant leukocyte interferon (IFN-rA), 50 X 10(6) U/m2 three times weekly (TIW) for an intended duration of 12 weeks concomitant with daily oral @entity4444 , 1,200 mg/d in four divided doses. For all study @entity1 , the median survival time was six months. Among 21 "good risk" @entity1 (performance score [PS] 0, 1 and no prior chemotherapy), we observed seven partial regressions (33%). Six @entity1 had stability of disease (29%), seven had immediate disease progression, and one discontinued treatment after two doses without @entity5 evaluation due to side effects. Times to disease progression of five @entity1 with regressions of soft-tissue disease were 2.1, 3.3, 3.5, 3.7, and 4.3 months. Two @entity1 had partial regressions of lung nodules for 2.0 and 3.8 months. We observed one regression among 14 "poor risk" @entity1 (PS 2, 3, or prior chemotherapy). A 46-year-old @entity1 with prior treatment had a partial regression of soft-tissue disease for 4.1 months. Four "poor risk" @entity1 @entity66 stability, and nine progressed immediately. @entity1431 (WBC count less than 4,100/microL) affected 21 (66%) of 32 @entity1 with WBC count data. The median count was 3,100/microL; range, 1,300 to 8,400/microL. We detected two cases of mild @entity882 (100,000 and 120,000/microL). Other noteworthy @entity137 included moderate-to-severe @entity390 (34%), @entity448 (63%), and fatigue (80%). All @entity1 experienced @entity925 . Twenty @entity1 had dosage decreases during the first cycle, and 14 of the 16 @entity1 remaining on study after the first cycle required dosage reductions. The overall response rate is similar to our prior studies with IFN-rA as a single agent using TIW doses of 50 X 10(6) U/m2 and 12 X 10(6) U/m2 among 31 and 30 @entity1 , respectively.

title: Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFN-rA) plus XXXX in disseminated @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['achieved disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: Thirty-five eligible @entity1 with disseminated @entity320 received intramuscular recombinant leukocyte interferon (IFN-rA), 50 X 10(6) U/m2 three times weekly (TIW) for an intended duration of 12 weeks concomitant with daily oral @entity4444 , 1,200 mg/d in four divided doses. For all study @entity1 , the median survival time was six months. Among 21 "good risk" @entity1 (performance score [PS] 0, 1 and no prior chemotherapy), we observed seven partial regressions (33%). Six @entity1 had stability of disease (29%), seven had immediate disease progression, and one discontinued treatment after two doses without @entity5 evaluation due to side effects. Times to disease progression of five @entity1 with regressions of soft-tissue disease were 2.1, 3.3, 3.5, 3.7, and 4.3 months. Two @entity1 had partial regressions of lung nodules for 2.0 and 3.8 months. We observed one regression among 14 "poor risk" @entity1 (PS 2, 3, or prior chemotherapy). A 46-year-old @entity1 with prior treatment had a partial regression of soft-tissue disease for 4.1 months. Four "poor risk" @entity1 @entity66 stability, and nine progressed immediately. @entity1431 (WBC count less than 4,100/microL) affected 21 (66%) of 32 @entity1 with WBC count data. The median count was 3,100/microL; range, 1,300 to 8,400/microL. We detected two cases of mild @entity882 (100,000 and 120,000/microL). Other noteworthy @entity137 included moderate-to-severe @entity390 (34%), @entity448 (63%), and fatigue (80%). All @entity1 experienced @entity925 . Twenty @entity1 had dosage decreases during the first cycle, and 14 of the 16 @entity1 remaining on study after the first cycle required dosage reductions. The overall response rate is similar to our prior studies with IFN-rA as a single agent using TIW doses of 50 X 10(6) U/m2 and 12 X 10(6) U/m2 among 31 and 30 @entity1 , respectively.

title: Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFN-rA) plus @entity4444 in disseminated XXXX .

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: Utilization and requirement of egg protein in Japanese @entity1 with two levels of energy intake were estimated. In experiment 1, fifteen female students were given semi-purified diet containing whole egg as the sole @entity1568 source for 12 days. @entity1568 intakes were 50 for five, 75 for two and 100 mg N/kg for eight subjects. Habitual energy intake was determined individually by detailed inquiry about the foods consumed before the experiment was started. Mean energy intake was 33 kcal/kg. In experiment 2, eighteen other subjects were given the same diet containing four intake levels of egg protein (30, 50, 75, 100 mg N/kg) with an energy intake of about 100 kcal/day added to that calculated by the food intake inquiry. The mean energy intake was 37 kcal/kg. The total @entity1568 contents of the experimental diet, urine and feces were analyzed and the @entity1568 balance was estimated from these figures. Significant rectilinear relations were found between @entity1568 intake (X, mg N/kg) and balance (Y, mg N/kg). The regression equations were: Experiment 1: Y = 0.256X - 34.4 (n = 15, r = 0.742) Experiment 2: Y = 0.326X - 29.7 (n = 18, r = 0.645) The maintenance intakes of whole egg protein for apparent @entity1568 equilibrium were calculated to be 134 and 91 mg N/kg with energy intakes of 33 and 37 kcal/kg, respectively. Net protein utilization (NPU) and digestibility of egg protein were calculated using the obligatory N losses previously determined in Japanese @entity1 . The NPUs at the maintenance level of egg protein with energy intakes of 33 and 37 kcal/kg were estimated as 31 and 47, respectively. The mean digestibility of egg protein was 96%.

title: Utilization and requirement of egg protein in Japanese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen', 'nitrogen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular invasion (VI) is an important predictor of distant @entity3 and possible radioactive iodine (RAI) benefit in follicular, H  rthle cell, and poorly differentiated @entity259 , but its role in well-differentiated @entity3557 (WDTC) remains unclear. METHODS: Archived pathological material of all differentiated @entity259 @entity1 undergoing primary surgical treatment at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1986 and 2003 was reviewed by two dedicated thyroid pathologists. Only WDTCs were included in the present study. Standard statistical methods were used to assess the relationship between VI and outcomes of interest, including 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS). RESULTS: VI was present in 47 of 698 WDTC (6.7%). VI was significantly associated with @entity5 size >4.0   cm, extrathyroidal extension, distant @entity3 , and RAI treatment. On univariate analysis, VI was predictive of decreased 10-year DRFS, but not DSS or @entity1349 . On multivariate analysis, VI was not an independent predictor of DRFS. Univariate survival analysis of 422 RAI-na  ve WDTC showed that both size >4   cm and VI were predictors of outcome, but only size remained independently predictive on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The presence of VI is not an independent predictor of outcome in WDTC.

title: Prognostic Value of Vascular Invasion in Well-Differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RRFS', 'regional recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma']


abstract: The origin of fibroblasts, their proliferative activity and roles in the early stages of periodontal repair were investigated in order to better understand the periodontal healing process in @entity6876 of the @entity235 after guided tissue regenerative therapy. Newly divided cells were identified by immunolocalization of @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) injected 1 hour prior to sacrificing the animals. At 1 and 2 weeks after creation of the defects, the lesions were occupied primarily by granulation tissue. Under this condition, periodontal ligaments (PDL) fibroblasts in a coronal portion of the remaining PDL close to wounds proliferated actively, migrated along the root surface and formed fibrous connective tissue on the surface. Similarly, the fibroblasts adjacent to the bone surface also showed proliferative activity and engaged in active formation of fibrous connective tissue on the bone surface. The majority of labeled cells in both areas were located in the extravascular area. At 3 and 4 weeks, the defects were filled with an increased amount of new connective tissue and bone. The labeled fibroblasts were preferentially found in the most coronal portion of connective tissue formed on the root surface that was in direct contact with inflamed tissue, and the collagen fibers projected into granulation tissue. In areas of active bone formation, numerous labeled fibroblasts were located in connective tissue adjacent to the newly-formed bone. However, fibroblasts in the endosteum of new bone were rarely labeled These results indicate that fibroblasts involved in periodontal repair originate primarily from both the remaining PDL and alveolar bone, and actively engage in fibrous connective tissue formation in the early stages of periodontal repair The ability of PDL fibroblasts to proliferate, migrate, and form connective tissue on the root surfaces in the early repair stages appears to play a crucial role in the formation of the PDL and cementum, and consequently, in periodontal regeneration in the absence of root resorption and @entity3947 . As the formation of new connective tissue and bone continues, the precursor cells for fibroblasts and osteoblasts are supplied locally through the continued divisions of the fibroblastic cells in association with the newly-formed connective tissue. Paravascular and endosteal cells appear to be minor contributors to new cell population during @entity6876 repair in the @entity235 .

title: The origin of fibroblasts and their role in the early stages of horizontal XXXX healing in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity6876 :: ('MESH:D017823', 'Disease') :: ['furcation defects', 'furcation defect']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

answer: @entity6876 :: (MESH:D017823,Disease) :: ['furcation defect']


abstract: The origin of fibroblasts, their proliferative activity and roles in the early stages of periodontal repair were investigated in order to better understand the periodontal healing process in @entity6876 of the @entity235 after guided tissue regenerative therapy. Newly divided cells were identified by immunolocalization of @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) injected 1 hour prior to sacrificing the animals. At 1 and 2 weeks after creation of the defects, the lesions were occupied primarily by granulation tissue. Under this condition, periodontal ligaments (PDL) fibroblasts in a coronal portion of the remaining PDL close to wounds proliferated actively, migrated along the root surface and formed fibrous connective tissue on the surface. Similarly, the fibroblasts adjacent to the bone surface also showed proliferative activity and engaged in active formation of fibrous connective tissue on the bone surface. The majority of labeled cells in both areas were located in the extravascular area. At 3 and 4 weeks, the defects were filled with an increased amount of new connective tissue and bone. The labeled fibroblasts were preferentially found in the most coronal portion of connective tissue formed on the root surface that was in direct contact with inflamed tissue, and the collagen fibers projected into granulation tissue. In areas of active bone formation, numerous labeled fibroblasts were located in connective tissue adjacent to the newly-formed bone. However, fibroblasts in the endosteum of new bone were rarely labeled These results indicate that fibroblasts involved in periodontal repair originate primarily from both the remaining PDL and alveolar bone, and actively engage in fibrous connective tissue formation in the early stages of periodontal repair The ability of PDL fibroblasts to proliferate, migrate, and form connective tissue on the root surfaces in the early repair stages appears to play a crucial role in the formation of the PDL and cementum, and consequently, in periodontal regeneration in the absence of root resorption and @entity3947 . As the formation of new connective tissue and bone continues, the precursor cells for fibroblasts and osteoblasts are supplied locally through the continued divisions of the fibroblastic cells in association with the newly-formed connective tissue. Paravascular and endosteal cells appear to be minor contributors to new cell population during @entity6876 repair in the @entity235 .

title: The origin of fibroblasts and their role in the early stages of horizontal @entity6876 healing in the XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['beagle dog']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Early detection of long term conditions is predicated on assumptions that lifestyle changes and medications can be used to reduce or manage the risk of condition progression. However, ambiguity remains about the nature and place of diagnostic disclosure to @entity1 in newly recognised or asymptomatic 'pre' conditions such as early stage @entity740 ( @entity740 ). The disclosure of a diagnosis is relevant to instigating strategies which rely on actively engaging @entity1 as self-managers of their own care. Whilst primary care routinely records a diagnosis of early stage @entity740 , little is known about how @entity1 learn about the fact that they have @entity740 or how they respond to this. This study aimed to explore @entity1 ' experiences of disclosure of @entity740 in primary care settings. A nested qualitative study of @entity1 recruited to a trial of an intervention for @entity740 @entity1 in Greater Manchester, UK was undertaken. A purposive sample of 26 @entity1 , with a mean age of 72 years (range 59-89, median 71), were interviewed during 2012. Interview transcripts were analysed using constant comparative techniques. Narrative accounts reflected limited or partial disclosure of @entity740 ; often cast in vague terms as "nothing to worry about". How @entity1 described themselves in terms of participation and their tendencies towards 'active' or 'passive' involvement in consultations emerged as important components of narratives around disclosure. The findings illuminate the ways in which diagnosis is oriented in a context where it is possible to meet the requirements for remuneration under a pay for performance system of primary care, whilst apparently not disclosing a label or a diagnosis to @entity1 . This challenges the presumptions inherent in wider health policy objectives that are increasingly built on the notion of responsible @entity1 and the ethos of the active support of self-management for pre-conditions.

title: XXXX in primary care and the limits of instrumental rationality in chronic illness self-management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Non-disclosure of chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Earlier studies showed that @entity1672 produced both increases and decreases in short-circuit current across the @entity235 proximal colon. @entity1672 metabolites had opposing effects: @entity71662 elicited only increases in Isc, and @entity55395 elicited only decreases. The stimulant effects involved FP receptors, but the receptors involved in mediating the inhibitory effects remained undefined. Here we show that the tissue, although it is capable of producing both @entity1672 and @entity1421 , did not produce @entity71662 in measurable amounts. The selective DP receptor agonist BW 245C did not mimic the inhibitory effects of @entity1672 , producing only dose-dependent increases in short-circuit current. Further, these responses were not significantly inhibited by BW @entity71663 . Cross-desensitization experiments suggested that the stimulant effects of BW 245C involved the EP receptor. However, on a standard preparation ( @entity95 platelets), both @entity1672 and BW 245C inhibited @entity857 -induced aggregation and were antagonized by BW @entity71663 . @entity71662 had no effects. The decreases in short-circuit current across the @entity235 colonic epithelium elicited by @entity1672 and @entity55395 are not mimicked by other @entity2918 , nor by the selective agonist BW 245C, and thus appear to involve receptors other than the classical DP receptor.

title: Effects of a selective DP receptor agonist (BW 245C) and antagonist (BW XXXX ) on the @entity235 colonic epithelium: an argument for a different DP receptor?

entities_list: @entity71662 :: ('CHEBI:27595', 'Chemical') :: ['11 beta-PGF2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

answer: @entity71663 :: (c|SUB|A|868|C,DNAMutation) :: ['A868C']


abstract: Earlier studies showed that @entity1672 produced both increases and decreases in short-circuit current across the @entity235 proximal colon. @entity1672 metabolites had opposing effects: @entity71662 elicited only increases in Isc, and @entity55395 elicited only decreases. The stimulant effects involved FP receptors, but the receptors involved in mediating the inhibitory effects remained undefined. Here we show that the tissue, although it is capable of producing both @entity1672 and @entity1421 , did not produce @entity71662 in measurable amounts. The selective DP receptor agonist BW 245C did not mimic the inhibitory effects of @entity1672 , producing only dose-dependent increases in short-circuit current. Further, these responses were not significantly inhibited by BW @entity71663 . Cross-desensitization experiments suggested that the stimulant effects of BW 245C involved the EP receptor. However, on a standard preparation ( @entity95 platelets), both @entity1672 and BW 245C inhibited @entity857 -induced aggregation and were antagonized by BW @entity71663 . @entity71662 had no effects. The decreases in short-circuit current across the @entity235 colonic epithelium elicited by @entity1672 and @entity55395 are not mimicked by other @entity2918 , nor by the selective agonist BW 245C, and thus appear to involve receptors other than the classical DP receptor.

title: Effects of a selective DP receptor agonist (BW 245C) and antagonist (BW @entity71663 ) on the XXXX colonic epithelium: an argument for a different DP receptor?

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: 1. Outer segment patches excised in the light were used to investigate the effects of exogenous calmodulin and an endogenous inhibitory factor on the @entity6708 -gated channel of frog rods. 2. Calmodulin shifted to the right the dose-response relation for activation of the channels by @entity11255 , but did not change the maximum current or the form of the relation. Reversal of this effect by removal of calmodulin was accelerated by brief exposure to saturating [ @entity11255 ]. Inhibition by calmodulin required @entity460 and gave as much as a 5-fold decrease in current for an [ @entity11255 ] functionally comparable to the presumed physiological [ @entity6708 ]. 3. Exposure to low [ @entity141 ]i (tens of nanomolar) appeared to irreversibly remove or inactivate an endogenous channel inhibitory factor from the patches, increasing the current at low [ @entity11255 ]. Like calmodulin, this factor slowed the voltage-dependent channel-gating kinetics and did not change the maximum current. However, unlike calmodulin, the endogenous factor remained stably associated with the patches at high [ @entity141 ]i (1 microM), even with exposure to saturating [ @entity11255 ]. 4. After the low- @entity141 treatment increased the current, calmodulin reduced the current to about the same level as it had before the low- @entity141 treatment, giving a larger fractional suppression. Furthermore, patches with high initial sensitivity to @entity11255 had small low- @entity141 effects and large calmodulin effects, while the reverse was true for patches with low initial agonist sensitivity. 5. Application of trypsin to the intracellular surface of the patch prevented the responses to calmodulin and to low [ @entity141 ]i, suggesting involvement of a cytoplasmic portion of the channel. However, trypsin also reduced the total agonist-induced patch current. 6. Our results are consistent with a model in which calmodulin and an endogenous @entity460 -binding protein compete for the same site, inhibiting channel opening or @entity6708 binding. The tight association of the endogenous factor with the channel even at relatively low [ @entity141 ]i suggests that in the transducing rod it may inhibit the channels most of the time in darkness and in dim light, preventing any potential inhibitory effects of calmodulin. The endogenous factor would be expected to leave the channel only in bright or prolonged light, when the [ @entity141 ]i is thought to be very low.

title: Modulation of the XXXX -gated ion channel in frog rods by calmodulin and an endogenous inhibitory factor.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity6708 :: (CHEBI:16356,Chemical) :: ['cGMP']


abstract: 1. The molecular mechanisms underlying pH regulation of skeletal muscle @entity855 -sensitive K+ (KATP) channels were studied using the patch clamp technique in the inside-out configuration. Two effects of intracellular protons were studied in detail: the decrease in magnitude of single-channel currents and the increase in open probability (Po) of @entity377 -inhibited channels. 2. The pH dependence of inward unit currents under different ionic conditions was in poor agreement with either a direct block of the pore by protons or an indirect proton-induced conformational change, but was compatible with the protonation of surface charges located near the cytoplasmic entrance of the pore. This latter electrostatic mechanism was modelled using Gouy-Chapman-Stern theory, which predicted the data accurately with a surface charge density of about 0.1 negative elementary charges per square nanometre and a pK (pH value for 50% effect) value for protonation of these charges of 6.25. The same mechanism, i.e. neutralization of negative surface charges by cation binding, could also account for the previously reported reduction of inward unit currents by @entity1025 . 3. Intracellular alkalization did not affect Po of the KATP channels. Acidification increased Po. In the presence of 0.1 mM @entity855 (no @entity1025 ), the channel activation vs. pH relationship could be fitted with a sigmoid curve with a Hill coefficient slightly above 2 and a pK value of 6. This latter value was dependent on the @entity855 concentration, decreasing from 6.3 in 30 microM @entity855 to 5.3 in 1 microM @entity855 . 4. Conversely, the channel inhibition vs. @entity855 concentration curve was shifted to the right when the pH was lowered. At pH 7.1, the @entity855 concentration causing half-maximal inhibition was about 10 microM. At pH 5.4, it was about 400 microM. The Hill coefficient values remained slightly below 2. Similar effects were observed when @entity857 was used as the inhibitory @entity377 . 5. These results confirm that a reciprocal competitive link exists between proton and @entity377 binding sites. Quantitatively, they are in full agreement with a steady-state model of a KATP channel possessing four identical protonation sites (microscopic pK, 6) allosterically connected to the channel open state and two identical @entity377 sites (microscopic @entity855 dissociation constant, approximately 30 microM) connected to the closed state.

title: Modification by protons of frog skeletal muscle KATP channels: effects on ion conduction and XXXX inhibition.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: 1. The repetitive firing properties of neonatal and adult @entity35 hypoglossal motoneurones (HMs) were investigated in a brainstem slice preparation. Neonatal HMs could be classified into two main groups: (1) neurones with a decrementing or adapting firing pattern (type D); exhibiting an early and a late phase; and (2) neurones with an incrementing or accelerating firing pattern (type I). 2. The pattern of repetitive firing changed markedly during development. While most HMs recorded from young @entity35 (< postnatal day (P) 4) were type D, the majority of HMs recorded during the second postnatal week were type I. In adults (> @entity7504 ), nearly all HMs had a decrementing firing pattern, characterized by a brief period of adaptation and high steady-state firing rates. 3. The @entity460 -dependent after-hyperpolarization (AHP) was shortest in type I neonatal HMs, and decreased in amplitude during trains of @entity2045 ( @entity2045 ). In type D neurones, these same trains caused a slight enhancement of AHP amplitude. In adult HMs, with a decrementing firing pattern, trains of @entity2045 also caused summation of the AHP. 4. Type D neonatal HMs showed a progressive prolongation of the AP during repetitive firing. In contrast, type I neonatal HMs had almost no change in AP duration. In adult HMs the AP was short and experienced only a modest increase in duration during fast repetitive firing. 5. The function relating steady-state firing frequency to injected current (f-I curve) was linear. The mean steady-state f-I slope was significantly higher in neonates than in adults (approximately 30 vs. approximately 20 Hz nA-1), and was weakly correlated with input resistance. The f-I slope was negatively correlated with AHP duration in neonatal HMs only. In addition, for a given AHP duration the slope was higher in neonatal HMs. 6. Two threshold behaviours were observed among neonatal HMs: (a) a progressive rhythmic firing threshold, and (b) a sudden transition from subthreshold to regular repetitive firing. Current threshold for repetitive firing was strongly correlated with cell input conductance. @entity6256 had higher minimal steady firing rates (fmin) than type D HMs. In neonates, fmin was strongly correlated with AHP duration. Adult HMs showed a weaker correlation between these two parameters, and fmin was higher than predicted by AHP duration. 7. In summary, HMs responded to depolarizing current pulses with different firing patterns during postnatal development.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Repetitive firing properties of developing XXXX brainstem motoneurones.

entities_list: @entity6256 :: ('MESH:D020437', 'Disease') :: ['Type I neonatal HMs']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['APs', 'action potentials']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Importance: Important differences exist in the pattern and timing of distant @entity3 between @entity1082 -initiated (HPV+) and HPV- @entity957 ( @entity957 ). However, our understanding of the natural history of distant @entity3 in HPV+ @entity957 and its implications for surveillance is limited. Objective: To investigate the rate, pattern, and timing of distant @entity3 in advanced-stage @entity957 treated definitively with concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : In a retrospective review, we identified 291 @entity1 with pathologically diagnosed stages III to IVB @entity957 and known HPV status from a @entity5 registry at the Cleveland Clinic. @entity1 were treated from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2013. Details of treatment failure and the natural history of the disease were retrieved from the electronic medical records. Interventions: All @entity1 were treated with definitive concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the rate and timing of distant @entity3 . Secondary outcomes included the pattern of distant failure and survival after distant @entity3 . Results: Thirty-seven @entity1 developed distant @entity3 after definitive treatment, including 28 of 252 @entity1 with HPV+ disease and 9 of 39 @entity1 with @entity66 . The 3-year projected distant control rate was higher in the HPV+ group (88% vs 74%; P   =   .01). The median time to develop distant @entity3 was also longer after the completion of treatment for HPV+ disease compared with @entity66 (16.4 vs 7.2 months; P   =   .008). We detected a trend in @entity1 with HPV+ disease for more distant metastatic sites involved than in those with @entity66 (2.04 vs 1.33 sites; P   =   .09). Although the lung was the most common distant site involved in HPV+ and @entity66 (HPV+ group, 23 of 28 @entity1 [82%]; HPV- group, 7 of 9 @entity1 [78%]), the HPV+ group had @entity3 to several subsets atypical for @entity213 , including the brain, kidney, skin, skeletal muscle, and axillary lymph nodes in 2 @entity1 each and in the intra-abdominal lymph nodes in 3 @entity1 . The rate of 3-year overall survival was higher in the HPV+ group (89.9% vs 62.0%; P   <   .001), as was the median survival after the occurrence of distant @entity3 regardless of additional treatment (25.6 vs 11.1 months; P   <   .001). Conclusions and Relevance: This retrospective review suggests that distant @entity3 in @entity1 with HPV+ @entity957 occurs significantly later after completion of chemoradiotherapy than in @entity1 with @entity66 . @entity1082 -initiated @entity957 also appears to involve a greater number of subsites and metastatic sites infrequently seen in @entity213 . Distant @entity3 in HPV+ @entity957 has unique characteristics and a natural history that may require alternative surveillance strategies.

title: Effect of @entity1082 on Patterns of Distant Metastatic Failure in XXXX Treated With Chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['HPV- disease']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OPSCC', 'oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus', 'Human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: Importance: Important differences exist in the pattern and timing of distant @entity3 between @entity1082 -initiated (HPV+) and HPV- @entity957 ( @entity957 ). However, our understanding of the natural history of distant @entity3 in HPV+ @entity957 and its implications for surveillance is limited. Objective: To investigate the rate, pattern, and timing of distant @entity3 in advanced-stage @entity957 treated definitively with concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : In a retrospective review, we identified 291 @entity1 with pathologically diagnosed stages III to IVB @entity957 and known HPV status from a @entity5 registry at the Cleveland Clinic. @entity1 were treated from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2013. Details of treatment failure and the natural history of the disease were retrieved from the electronic medical records. Interventions: All @entity1 were treated with definitive concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the rate and timing of distant @entity3 . Secondary outcomes included the pattern of distant failure and survival after distant @entity3 . Results: Thirty-seven @entity1 developed distant @entity3 after definitive treatment, including 28 of 252 @entity1 with HPV+ disease and 9 of 39 @entity1 with @entity66 . The 3-year projected distant control rate was higher in the HPV+ group (88% vs 74%; P   =   .01). The median time to develop distant @entity3 was also longer after the completion of treatment for HPV+ disease compared with @entity66 (16.4 vs 7.2 months; P   =   .008). We detected a trend in @entity1 with HPV+ disease for more distant metastatic sites involved than in those with @entity66 (2.04 vs 1.33 sites; P   =   .09). Although the lung was the most common distant site involved in HPV+ and @entity66 (HPV+ group, 23 of 28 @entity1 [82%]; HPV- group, 7 of 9 @entity1 [78%]), the HPV+ group had @entity3 to several subsets atypical for @entity213 , including the brain, kidney, skin, skeletal muscle, and axillary lymph nodes in 2 @entity1 each and in the intra-abdominal lymph nodes in 3 @entity1 . The rate of 3-year overall survival was higher in the HPV+ group (89.9% vs 62.0%; P   <   .001), as was the median survival after the occurrence of distant @entity3 regardless of additional treatment (25.6 vs 11.1 months; P   <   .001). Conclusions and Relevance: This retrospective review suggests that distant @entity3 in @entity1 with HPV+ @entity957 occurs significantly later after completion of chemoradiotherapy than in @entity1 with @entity66 . @entity1082 -initiated @entity957 also appears to involve a greater number of subsites and metastatic sites infrequently seen in @entity213 . Distant @entity3 in HPV+ @entity957 has unique characteristics and a natural history that may require alternative surveillance strategies.

title: Effect of XXXX on Patterns of Distant Metastatic Failure in @entity957 Treated With Chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human Papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study tested the hypothesis that right atrial (RA) mechanics are altered in @entity1 after repair of @entity1146 with @entity12043 (PAIVS) and @entity849 ( @entity849 ) and to explore their relationships with right ventricular (RV) diastolic function and P-wave indices. METHODS: Thirty-six adult @entity1 , 16 with PAIVS and 20 with @entity849 @entity1 , and 20 age-matched healthy subjects were studied. Right atrial mechanics were assessed using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) with quantification of positive, negative, and total strain, and strain rates at ventricular systole (aSRs ), early diastole (aSRed ), and atrial contraction (aSRac ). Right ventricular diastolic function was assessed by Doppler interrogation and STE. Maximum P-wave duration and P-wave dispersion were measured. RESULTS: Compared with controls, PAIVS and @entity849 @entity1 had significantly lower RA positive and total strain, aSRs and aSRed (all P < 0.05). Parameters of RV diastolic function including transtricuspid early (E) and late (A) diastolic inflow velocities, E/A ratio, early diastolic tricuspid annular velocity (e), early to late diastolic annular velocity ratio, E/e ratio, and RV early diastolic strain rate were found to correlate significantly with RA positive and total strain and aSRed (all P < 0.05). Maximum P-wave duration and P-wave dispersion increased progressively across control, @entity849 , and PAIVS groups (P for trend <0.001). Both P-wave indices correlated negatively with RA positive strain, total strain, and aSRed (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Impairment of RA mechanics occurs in @entity1 long term after repair of PAIVS and @entity849 and is associated with RV @entity67 , longer P-wave duration, and greater P-wave dispersion.

title: Right Atrial Mechanics Long-Term after Biventricular Repair of XXXX or Stenosis with Intact Ventricular Septum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12043 :: ('MESH:C562832', 'Disease') :: ['intact ventricular septum']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis', 'PS']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Atresia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A thermostable oxidant- and @entity214 -stable @entity33345 was produced from a newly isolated B. firmus DWD-33. Maximum enzyme productivity was obtained in medium containing 0.8% @entity7969 and 1.2% @entity1460 powder as @entity505 and @entity1568 sources, respectively. Enzyme purification increased the specific activity to 24-fold with 27% recovery and molecular weight of 33.5 kDa. As compared with other microbial uricases, the pure enzyme showed high thermostability and other unique characters. The Vmax was 387   M/min, the turnover number (Kcat) was 21.8*103 s-1 and the catalytic efficiency (Kcat /Km) was 2.76*108 s-1M-1. The enzyme was stable at pH 7.0-10.0 and up to 70   C. The optimal reaction temperature and pH of enzyme were 50   C and pH 8.0, respectively. @entity1025 significantly enhanced the enzymatic activity, while @entity10694 , @entity1098 and @entity7437 greatly suppressed the activity. @entity1025 might be the @entity33345 cofactor as the enzyme activity was restored after its addition to @entity1098 -chelated enzyme. The enzyme inhibition by the @entity920 -chelating agent @entity71664 suggests that this enzyme is a cuprouricase-type. The purified @entity33345 retained 72 and 82% of its original activity even after incubation with 0.5% @entity274 and 0.5% @entity214 for 6 h, respectively. The application of enzyme in the in vitro measurement of @entity414 in @entity1 sera was promising and none of @entity414 analogs was a competitive substrate for enzyme, indicative of the high specificity of @entity33345 with respect to @entity414 measurement in vitro. The reaction can be applied in clinical laboratory for 10 min only due to the absorbances are lineary related to @entity414 concentration up to 500   M.

title: Purification, characterization and in vitro application of a thermostable oxidant- and XXXX -stable @entity33345 from a newly isolated Bacillus firmus DWD-33.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity71664 :: ('MESH:C002701', 'Chemical') :: ['2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline']

entities_list: @entity7437 :: ('MESH:C025205', 'Chemical') :: ['o-phenanthroline']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity214 :: (CHEBI:8984,Chemical) :: ['SDS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A thermostable oxidant- and @entity214 -stable @entity33345 was produced from a newly isolated B. firmus DWD-33. Maximum enzyme productivity was obtained in medium containing 0.8% @entity7969 and 1.2% @entity1460 powder as @entity505 and @entity1568 sources, respectively. Enzyme purification increased the specific activity to 24-fold with 27% recovery and molecular weight of 33.5 kDa. As compared with other microbial uricases, the pure enzyme showed high thermostability and other unique characters. The Vmax was 387   M/min, the turnover number (Kcat) was 21.8*103 s-1 and the catalytic efficiency (Kcat /Km) was 2.76*108 s-1M-1. The enzyme was stable at pH 7.0-10.0 and up to 70   C. The optimal reaction temperature and pH of enzyme were 50   C and pH 8.0, respectively. @entity1025 significantly enhanced the enzymatic activity, while @entity10694 , @entity1098 and @entity7437 greatly suppressed the activity. @entity1025 might be the @entity33345 cofactor as the enzyme activity was restored after its addition to @entity1098 -chelated enzyme. The enzyme inhibition by the @entity920 -chelating agent @entity71664 suggests that this enzyme is a cuprouricase-type. The purified @entity33345 retained 72 and 82% of its original activity even after incubation with 0.5% @entity274 and 0.5% @entity214 for 6 h, respectively. The application of enzyme in the in vitro measurement of @entity414 in @entity1 sera was promising and none of @entity414 analogs was a competitive substrate for enzyme, indicative of the high specificity of @entity33345 with respect to @entity414 measurement in vitro. The reaction can be applied in clinical laboratory for 10 min only due to the absorbances are lineary related to @entity414 concentration up to 500   M.

title: Purification, characterization and in vitro application of a thermostable oxidant- and @entity214 -stable XXXX from a newly isolated Bacillus firmus DWD-33.

answer: @entity33345 :: (391051,Gene) :: ['uricase']


abstract: To overcome shortcomings in the delivery of care for @entity101 various approaches have been developed including a system whereby care of @entity101 is shared in a formal manner between general practitioners and hospital specialists. The feasibility, acceptability and cost-effectiveness of a computerised model of shared care were investigated in three matched groups of @entity1 attending @entity101 clinics in Glasgow. Glasgow Blood Pressure Clinic attenders considered suitable for shared care by their consultants were randomised to shared care (n = 277) or continued clinic follow-up; a further control group (n = 277) was identified from an independent nurse-practitioner clinic. After 2 years of follow-up, feasibility was estimated by the proportion of @entity1 who had undergone an adequate review (blood pressure, serum @entity1011 and electrocardiograph); acceptability to general practitioners and @entity1 was assessed by questionnaires; cost-effectiveness was calculated as the cost (to National Health Service and @entity1 ) per adequate review. The drop-out rate for shared care over 2 years was 3% compared with 14% for the outpatient clinic and 9% for the nurse-practitioner clinic. In year 2, rates of adequate reviews were 82%, 52% and 75%, respectively. Blood pressure control was similar in the groups. Of 297 general practitioners invited to participate, 85% agreed and 68% wished to continue participation after 2 years. About 50% of shared care @entity1 preferred this method of follow-up compared with their earlier experience of clinic attendance. Shared care was more cost-effective than either conventional or nurse-practitioner clinic follow-up, especially with respect to cost to the @entity1 ; costs per adequate review (pound sterling) were 28.96, 50.55 and 30.95, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Delivery of care for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: AIM: Defining a set of research priorities for @entity6 nursing care in the Italian context. DESIGN: A two-step study design based on a modified Delphi technique was undertaken in 2013. METHODS: In the first stage of research, five systematic reviews of literature were performed. Among them 865 recommendations in @entity6 nursing care emerged, and 217 (25.1%) were categorized at level IV or lower, thus based on a lack of knowledge and therefore a potential research area. Homogeneous recommendations among the 217 emerged and were categorized by two researchers independently: 96 final recommendations were identified and transformed into items embodied into a questionnaire. A Likert scale ranging from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high) was used to collect the consensus regarding priority. For that purpose a sample of 200 nurses was randomly considered. Potential @entity1 were invited to cooperate via email through a letter reporting aims and methods. In the first round 85 nurses participated; in the third and final round, only 13 nurses took part. RESULTS: @entity1 have identified 14 research priorities categorized into three main areas: 1) education strategies' effectiveness (n=7); 2) models of care delivery and advanced nursing education effectiveness (n=4); and 3) in specific clinical issues (n=3). CONCLUSIONS: More research on @entity1 education and on models of care delivery and advanced nursing education should be included in any future Italian agenda.

title: Research priorities in Italian XXXX nursing care: findings from a Delphi study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cases of @entity614 after a transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with a single cage (unilateral TLIF) had been reported, but the phenomenon has not been explained satisfactorily. The purpose of this study was to determine its incidence, causes, and risk factors. METHODS: We did retrospective study with 546 @entity1 who underwent a unilateral TLIF, and used CT and MRI to study the causes of @entity1109 that appeared within a week postoperatively. Clinical and radiological results were compared by dividing the @entity1 into the symptomatic group and asymptomatic group. RESULTS: Contralateral symptoms occurred in 32 (5.9%) of the @entity1 underwent unilateral TLIF. The most common cause of contralateral symptoms was a @entity850 in 22 (68.8%), screw malposition in 4 (12.5%), newly developed @entity3976 in 3 (9.3%), @entity1410 in 1 (3.1%), and unknown origin in 2 @entity1 (6.3%). 16 (50.0%) of the 32 @entity1 received revision surgery. There was no difference in visual analogue scale and @entity717 index between the two groups at discharge. Both preoperative and postoperative contralateral foraminal areas were significantly smaller, and postoperative segmental angle was significantly greater in the symptomatic group comparing to those of the asymptomatic group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The incidence rate is not likely to be small (5.9%). If unilateral TLIF is performed for cases when preoperative @entity850 already exists or when a large restoration of segmental @entity1515 is required, the probability of developing @entity614 is increased and caution from the surgeon is needed.

title: Acute XXXX after Unilateral Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniated nucleus pulposus']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral radicular symptoms']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral foraminal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral radiculopathy']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['Contralateral Radiculopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Preventive care is often not performed during the ambulatory office visit due to the acute nature of the visit. One possible strategy is the use of a lay @entity5 screening navigator using the lay health worker model. METHODS: A training program for the lay @entity5 screening navigator and a @entity1 registry for @entity14 screening was developed. The RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate the intervention. Descriptive statistics were generated for @entity1 demographics. RESULTS: Reach: The lay @entity5 screening navigator contacted 91.9% of eligible @entity1 . Effectiveness: At baseline, 28.6% of @entity1 were current on their @entity14 screening, 40.5% at 6 months, and 42.2% at 12 months. Adoption: @entity1 contacted all reported being receptive to the intervention. IMPLEMENTATION: Of the 368 fecal immunochemical test kits mailed, 151 were returned (41.0%), and 26 (17.2%) were positive. Maintenance: The percentage of @entity1 who were current between 6 months and at 12 months were not significantly different. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that the use of a lay @entity5 screening navigator to increase the rate of @entity14 screening is a viable strategy.

title: Using a lay @entity5 screening navigator to increase XXXX screening rates.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Preventive care is often not performed during the ambulatory office visit due to the acute nature of the visit. One possible strategy is the use of a lay @entity5 screening navigator using the lay health worker model. METHODS: A training program for the lay @entity5 screening navigator and a @entity1 registry for @entity14 screening was developed. The RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate the intervention. Descriptive statistics were generated for @entity1 demographics. RESULTS: Reach: The lay @entity5 screening navigator contacted 91.9% of eligible @entity1 . Effectiveness: At baseline, 28.6% of @entity1 were current on their @entity14 screening, 40.5% at 6 months, and 42.2% at 12 months. Adoption: @entity1 contacted all reported being receptive to the intervention. IMPLEMENTATION: Of the 368 fecal immunochemical test kits mailed, 151 were returned (41.0%), and 26 (17.2%) were positive. Maintenance: The percentage of @entity1 who were current between 6 months and at 12 months were not significantly different. DISCUSSION: This study demonstrates that the use of a lay @entity5 screening navigator to increase the rate of @entity14 screening is a viable strategy.

title: Using a lay XXXX screening navigator to increase @entity14 screening rates.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish 18  @entity9242 -positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-PET/CT) performances for the detection of local recurrence in a population of @entity1 with biochemical failure after primary curative treatment for @entity263 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: From February 2011  to February 2014, 55  @entity1 underwent a F-PET/CT for biochemical relapse after primary radical therapy for @entity263 localized or locally advanced. Primary therapies for @entity263 were 19  radical prostatectomy, 18  radiotherapy, 13  radiotherapy with hormonal treatment, 3  brachytherapy. The median age was 65  years (50-79). The initial staging was 17  T1, 23  T2  and 15  T3, 52  were N0  and N1 3. The median PSA was 12 (3-127). The Gleason score was less than 7, equal to 7  and greater than 7  at 21, 25  and 9  @entity1 respectively. The average time to recurrence was 69.5  months (8-147) with a median PSA of 2.9ng/mL (0.48-41). RESULTS: In 42  cases, F-PET/CT showed uptake, suggesting a recurrence, metastatic (6), nodal (26) or local isolated (10). The focal uptake in PET commissioned in 5  cases prostate biopsy, confirming the histological recurrence of @entity263 in 4  cases. Among the 10  @entity1 with isolated local recurrence, 8  underwent salvage radiotherapy. Of the 13  cases where the (F-PET/CT) showed no recurrence, 7  multiparametric MRI were performed. The MRI showed a local recurrence in 3  @entity1 , the diagnoses were confirmed with prostate biopsy for two of them. CONCLUSION: In our study, for the @entity1 with biochemical relapse of @entity263 localized or locally advanced, (F-PET/CT) was able to detect local recurrence isolated in nearly half the cases but did not show sufficient sensitivity to exclude recurrence local if negative. It does not replace MRI or additional prostate biopsy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5.

title: [Biochemical recurrence after curative treatment for XXXX : Performance of choline PET/CT in the assessment of local recurrence].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer', 'localized prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9242 :: ('MESH:C514960', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorocholine']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear how the extent of surgical lymph node clearance influences prognosis after surgery for @entity418 . METHODS: This nationwide, population-based cohort study included 1044 @entity418 @entity1 who had undergone esophagectomy between 1987 and 2010 in Sweden, with follow-up until 2012. The independent role of lymph node removal in relation to survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression, providing hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for age, sex, comorbidity, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) stage, neo-adjuvant treatment, surgeon volume, and calendar period. Statistical tests were two-sided, except tests for trend. RESULTS: Analyzed as a linear variable, a higher number of lymph nodes removed did not influence the overall five-year mortality (adjusted HR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.01). @entity1 in the third (7-15 nodes) and fourth (16-114 nodes) quartiles of removed nodes did not demonstrate any decreased overall five-year mortality compared with those in the lowest two quartiles (<7 nodes) (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.95 to 1.35 and HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.46, respectively). In early @entity5 stages (Tis-T1) the hazard ratios indicated a worse survival with more lymphadenectomy using the median as cutoff (HR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.13 to 2.06). Increased lymph node removal did not decrease mortality in any specific @entity5 stage. A greater number of metastatic nodes and a higher positive-to-negative node ratio were associated with strongly increased mortality. All results were similar when disease-specific mortality was analyzed. CONCLUSION: This population-based study indicates that more extensive lymph node clearance during surgery for @entity418 may not improve survival. These results challenge current clinical guidelines, and further research is needed to change clinical practice.

title: Extent of lymph node removal during XXXX surgery and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of this study are to investigate the occurrence characteristics of Acanthopanax ( c   w   ji  ) @entity2021 and to provide objective evidence for the rational use of the medicine. Fifty-seven cases of Acanthopanax @entity2021 were collected from several professional databases in China. The statistical data of the @entity1 were analyzed with Visual FoxPro 6.0 and Office Excel 2003 by Microsoft (Redmond, WA, USA). The male:female incidence ratio was 0.5:1. Fifty-six (98.25%) @entity1 were older than 30 years. Thirty-nine (68.42%) @entity1 had an unknown @entity566 history. Nine (15.79%) @entity1 used Acanthopanax for unlabeled indications. In most (98.25 %) @entity1 , Acanthopanax was used in the form of dosage injection. @entity2021 occurred within 30 minutes after treatment in 52 (94.54%) @entity1 , and all episodes occurred during the infusion process. In two (3.51%) @entity1 , the episode occurred when they used Acanthopanax for the second time. In one (1.75%) @entity1 , the episode occurred during the third time of use. The clinical symptoms of @entity2021 are diversified, but all @entity1 presented with @entity65 . Acanthopanax injections that led to @entity2021 were produced exclusively by four manufacturers. Four (7.02%) @entity1 died and 49 (85.96%) @entity1 were cured, but the status of four @entity1 is unknown. Because an Acanthopanax injection may cause @entity2021 and can be fatal in severe cases, physicians and @entity1 must pay close attention to using it rationally. Clinicians should carefully consult the allergic constitution of their @entity1 , strictly follow the guidelines of the drug, use Acanthopanax in the oral dosage form as much as possible, and strengthen therapeutic monitoring.

title: Literature analysis of Acanthopanax XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and respiratory system symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['Anaphylactic shock', 'anaphylactic shock']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylactic shock']


abstract: Typically, intrathecal @entity1772 therapy(ITB)for @entity508 is continuously required because the @entity508 can recur if the ITB is stopped. Thus, an infusion pump for the ITB is permanently implanted. Some sporadic cases exhibiting remarkable improvements in their @entity508 and @entity1662 have been reported after implanting the ITB pump. We experienced a rare case involving removal of the ITB pump after the @entity508 resolved and the @entity1662 markedly improved. A 15-year-old @entity1 developed a @entity510 due to rupture of an @entity439 in the right anterior cerebral artery. Her initial Glasgow Coma Scale score was 4(E1V1M2). Trapping of the @entity439 and decompression craniotomy were performed. Subsequently, she underwent a tracheotomy, and a percutaneous gastrostomy( @entity970 )tube was implanted because of persistent @entity1662 . Cranioplasty and lumbar-peritoneal shunt for normal pressure @entity1276 were performed after 1 month. An ITB pump was implanted to improve the @entity508 observed mainly in the lower extremities 61 days after @entity548 onset. Right hemiparesis remained due to Kernohan's notch. After transfer to the rehabilitation hospital, her @entity1662 and @entity508 remarkably improved(1.9 to 1.0 and 3.5 to 1.0 on the Ashworth scale for the upper and lower extremities, respectively). The tracheostomy and @entity970 tubes were removed, and the @entity1772 dose was gradually reduced. She was completely off @entity1772 after 7 months, and she was discharged with a short leg brace and a cane for walking. The @entity1772 pump was then removed. In this case, temporary ITB improved the @entity508 and @entity1662 .

title: [Complete Remission of Consciousness Disturbances and Spasticity due to a Severe @entity510 after Intrathecal XXXX Therapy:A Case Report].

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

answer: @entity1772 :: (MESH:D001418,Chemical) :: ['Baclofen']


abstract: Typically, intrathecal @entity1772 therapy(ITB)for @entity508 is continuously required because the @entity508 can recur if the ITB is stopped. Thus, an infusion pump for the ITB is permanently implanted. Some sporadic cases exhibiting remarkable improvements in their @entity508 and @entity1662 have been reported after implanting the ITB pump. We experienced a rare case involving removal of the ITB pump after the @entity508 resolved and the @entity1662 markedly improved. A 15-year-old @entity1 developed a @entity510 due to rupture of an @entity439 in the right anterior cerebral artery. Her initial Glasgow Coma Scale score was 4(E1V1M2). Trapping of the @entity439 and decompression craniotomy were performed. Subsequently, she underwent a tracheotomy, and a percutaneous gastrostomy( @entity970 )tube was implanted because of persistent @entity1662 . Cranioplasty and lumbar-peritoneal shunt for normal pressure @entity1276 were performed after 1 month. An ITB pump was implanted to improve the @entity508 observed mainly in the lower extremities 61 days after @entity548 onset. Right hemiparesis remained due to Kernohan's notch. After transfer to the rehabilitation hospital, her @entity1662 and @entity508 remarkably improved(1.9 to 1.0 and 3.5 to 1.0 on the Ashworth scale for the upper and lower extremities, respectively). The tracheostomy and @entity970 tubes were removed, and the @entity1772 dose was gradually reduced. She was completely off @entity1772 after 7 months, and she was discharged with a short leg brace and a cane for walking. The @entity1772 pump was then removed. In this case, temporary ITB improved the @entity508 and @entity1662 .

title: [Complete Remission of Consciousness Disturbances and Spasticity due to a Severe XXXX after Intrathecal @entity1772 Therapy:A Case Report].

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the association of seven common @entity32 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) in the Chinese Mainland population. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from a great swathe of mainland from 2009 to 2013 for the cohort study. The demographic characteristics between @entity1 with @entity2175 or with @entity32 , including age, sex, smoking status, @entity101 etc. were analyzed using the   (2) test. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to determine the independent effects of @entity6 on the risks of any types of @entity32 in the model and age, sex, @entity101 and @entity210 adjusted were used after that. RESULTS: A total of 39367 @entity1 were enrolled in the study and 1634 (4.2%) subjects with missing information on @entity2175 and the @entity32 were excluded. Compared to those without @entity6 , after adjusting for age, sex, @entity101 and @entity210 , the incidences of @entity565 , chronic @entity99 , chronic @entity3617 , @entity102 , @entity102 or @entity1066 in @entity6 @entity1 were independently higher, with odd ratios of 0.235 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.117-0.473), 0.845 (95% CI, 0.731-0.976), 0.585 (95% CI, 0.540-0.634), 0.875 (95% CI, 0.806-0.951), 0.843 (95% CI, 0.787-0.903) respectively. Only inflammatory @entity6713 did not show any clinical significance. CONCLUSION: There was a decreased incidence of @entity32 in the @entity6 @entity1 compared with non- @entity6 subjects. Except for inflammatory @entity6713 , @entity565 , chronic @entity99 , chronic @entity3617 , @entity102 , @entity102 and @entity1066 were associated with @entity2175 of Chinese individuals, independently of @entity101 and @entity210 , and @entity2175 might reduce the risk of these diseases.

title: Relationship between Type 2 XXXX and @entity32 : Cohort Study in Chinese Adults.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'Type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic gastritis', 'chronic gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the association of seven common @entity32 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) in the Chinese Mainland population. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from a great swathe of mainland from 2009 to 2013 for the cohort study. The demographic characteristics between @entity1 with @entity2175 or with @entity32 , including age, sex, smoking status, @entity101 etc. were analyzed using the   (2) test. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to determine the independent effects of @entity6 on the risks of any types of @entity32 in the model and age, sex, @entity101 and @entity210 adjusted were used after that. RESULTS: A total of 39367 @entity1 were enrolled in the study and 1634 (4.2%) subjects with missing information on @entity2175 and the @entity32 were excluded. Compared to those without @entity6 , after adjusting for age, sex, @entity101 and @entity210 , the incidences of @entity565 , chronic @entity99 , chronic @entity3617 , @entity102 , @entity102 or @entity1066 in @entity6 @entity1 were independently higher, with odd ratios of 0.235 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.117-0.473), 0.845 (95% CI, 0.731-0.976), 0.585 (95% CI, 0.540-0.634), 0.875 (95% CI, 0.806-0.951), 0.843 (95% CI, 0.787-0.903) respectively. Only inflammatory @entity6713 did not show any clinical significance. CONCLUSION: There was a decreased incidence of @entity32 in the @entity6 @entity1 compared with non- @entity6 subjects. Except for inflammatory @entity6713 , @entity565 , chronic @entity99 , chronic @entity3617 , @entity102 , @entity102 and @entity1066 were associated with @entity2175 of Chinese individuals, independently of @entity101 and @entity210 , and @entity2175 might reduce the risk of these diseases.

title: Relationship between Type 2 @entity6 and XXXX : Cohort Study in Chinese Adults.

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation Diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to identify the spatial distribution of @entity378 and determine the @entity1906 control program parameters in the regions supervised by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2006-2012. METHODS: The present ecological study was performed on 1797 @entity1906 @entity1 in Shiraz University in 2006-2012 which were recorded by health centers using @entity1906 Register software. The study data were collected through over-counting and analyzed using the SPSS statistical software (ver. 19). Besides, the maps were drawn by ArcGIS, version 10. RESULTS: The incidence rate of @entity1906 was 4.8 in 100,000 at the end of 2012. Success in treatment was adequate only in 2012 (89.7%). However, recovery of @entity358 was not adequate in any of the study years. In our study, the majority of the @entity1 belonged to the 25-34 years age group that constitutes the active faction of the society. Moreover, the maps provided by GIS showed a high incidence rate of extra @entity358 in Firozabad Township during 7 years (2.7 in 100000 populations). CONCLUSION: Incidence of @entity1906 in the regions supervised by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences follows a specific pattern, which requires exclusive studies for further evaluation of the incidence determinatives in various environmental and social conditions.

title: Spatio-Temporal Pattern of XXXX in the Regions Supervised by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 2006-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Knowledge regarding the @entity1082 ) and HPV vaccine uptake among ethnic minorities is poorly explored in Denmark. The objective of this study was to explore attitudes and knowledge towards HPV vaccination among Arab mothers and their daughters. Methods: Five Arabic-speaking focus groups with mothers of vaccine-eligible @entity1 and three focus groups with daughters were conducted. The @entity1 were recruited through different social clubs. A phenomenological approach was used to investigate attitudes and knowledge of HPV vaccination. Meaning condensation inspired by Amedeo Giorgi was used to analyse the transcribed material. Results: A total of 23 @entity1 and 13 daughters were included in this study. The mothers' knowledge regarding HPV was limited to the fact that HPV can cause @entity5 . Two focus groups mentioned that HPV is a @entity2953 and none of the mothers knew that HPV also causes genital warts. Both mothers and daughters acknowledged that the daughters have deeper insight into health-related issues. A gap of knowledge between generations was identified, as mothers and daughters obtained health information from different sources: mothers used the Arabic TV channels as a source of knowledge and daughters had a range of sources, e.g. school, internet, and Western TV channels. The consequence of these differences in obtaining knowledge is that mothers and daughters lack a common language to discuss health issues. Mothers were influenced by Arabic society, while daughters had created a hybrid of Arabic and Danish. Each generation had its own reasons for accepting the vaccine. The level of HPV knowledge and awareness did not affect their uptake decision in that all the participating mothers had accepted the vaccine for their daughters. Conclusions: Educational programs should target both mothers and daughters because mothers have an inadequate knowledge about HPV. This is likely to bridge the gap of knowledge between mothers and daughters, which constitutes a barrier between the generations.

title: Attitudes towards XXXX vaccination among Arab ethnic minority in Denmark: A qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted disease']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: One of the key requirements for the accurate calculation of free energy differences is proper sampling of conformational space. Especially in biological applications, molecular dynamics simulations are often confronted with rugged energy surfaces and high energy barriers, leading to insufficient sampling and, in turn, poor convergence of the free energy results. In this work, we address this problem by employing enhanced sampling methods. We explore the possibility of using @entity14062 ( @entity14062 ) to speed up the exploration process in free energy simulations. To obtain improved free energy differences from such simulations, it is necessary to account for the effects of the bias due to the guiding forces. We demonstrate how this can be accomplished for the Bennett's acceptance ratio (BAR) and the @entity6128 ( @entity6128 ) methods. While BAR is considered among the most efficient methods available for free energy calculations, the @entity6128 method developed by Christ and van Gunsteren is a promising development that reduces the computational costs of free energy calculations by simulating a single reference state. To evaluate the accuracy of both approaches in connection with enhanced sampling, @entity6128 was implemented in CHARMM. For testing, we employ benchmark systems with analytical reference results and the mutation of @entity3929 to @entity563 . We find that @entity14062 with reweighting can provide accurate results for BAR and @entity6128 where conventional molecular dynamics simulations fail. In addition, we compare the performance of @entity6128 with other free energy methods. We briefly discuss the implications of our results and provide practical guidelines for conducting free energy simulations with @entity14062 .

title: Enhanced Sampling in Free Energy Calculations: Combining XXXX with the Bennett's Acceptance Ratio and Enveloping Distribution Sampling Methods.

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['enveloping distribution sampling', 'EDS']

entities_list: @entity14062 :: ('MESH:D012652', 'Disease') :: ['self-guided Langevin dynamics', 'SGLD']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity14062 :: (MESH:D012652,Disease) :: ['SGLD']


abstract: 1. A pharmacological investigation of the distribution of non-cholinergic excitatory nerve cell bodies was performed on the @entity1573 's isolated perfused rectum with attached Remak's nerve supply. 2. Electrical stimulation of Remak's nerve trunk produced a contraction and a discharge of action potentials in the nerve branches which supply the smooth muscle of the rectum. Both responses were virtually blocked by @entity4033 when applied via the caudal mesenteric artery. 3. The contractile effect following stimulation of the nerve trunk was inhibited more effectively by @entity4033 when application was restricted to the trunk rather than to the intestine. 4. The contractile effect of stimulating the nerve branches was unaffected by @entity4033 . 5. It is concluded that ganglionic transmission, which is mediated by nicotinic receptors, occurs in the @entity21 of Remak's nerve but not in @entity21 of the enteric plexuses. Therefore, cell bodies of the postganglionic neurones which are considered to be non-cholinergic are located in Remak's nerve @entity21 .

title: Evidence that cell bodies of non-cholinergic, excitatory neurones which supply the smooth muscle of the XXXX rectum are located in the @entity21 of Remak's nerve.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: 1. A pharmacological investigation of the distribution of non-cholinergic excitatory nerve cell bodies was performed on the @entity1573 's isolated perfused rectum with attached Remak's nerve supply. 2. Electrical stimulation of Remak's nerve trunk produced a contraction and a discharge of action potentials in the nerve branches which supply the smooth muscle of the rectum. Both responses were virtually blocked by @entity4033 when applied via the caudal mesenteric artery. 3. The contractile effect following stimulation of the nerve trunk was inhibited more effectively by @entity4033 when application was restricted to the trunk rather than to the intestine. 4. The contractile effect of stimulating the nerve branches was unaffected by @entity4033 . 5. It is concluded that ganglionic transmission, which is mediated by nicotinic receptors, occurs in the @entity21 of Remak's nerve but not in @entity21 of the enteric plexuses. Therefore, cell bodies of the postganglionic neurones which are considered to be non-cholinergic are located in Remak's nerve @entity21 .

title: Evidence that cell bodies of non-cholinergic, excitatory neurones which supply the smooth muscle of the @entity1573 rectum are located in the XXXX of Remak's nerve.

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['ganglia']


abstract: We studied @entity2358 in five @entity1 with @entity1645 before and after suboccipital decompression. Before operation all @entity1 complained of oscillopsia at rest and visual blurring of fixated targets during and immediately after their heads were in motion. Three @entity1 had @entity346 , one @entity1 had @entity346 in the primary position and on eccentric gaze and one @entity1 had @entity346 on lateral gaze only. Smooth pursuit, @entity346 were markedly impaired. Within two months after operation nystagmus in the primary position had resolved in three @entity1 , and four had complete to near-complete resolution of nystagmus in all gaze positions over subsequent months. Oscillopsia decreased concurrently. affording significant functional visual improvement. One @entity1 had only slight functional improvement and continued to have prominent nystagmus seven years after operation. Smooth pursuit, @entity346 improved in all @entity1 , but none had complete recovery at the higher velocities of stimulation. They still complained of visual blurring associated with head motion, probably due to the poor fixation suppression of @entity346 . Our findings suggest that @entity2358 in @entity1645 are due to compression of the herniating cerebellum against the caudal brain-stem and not a congenital aberrancy of oculomotor pathways. @entity346 resolved more readily than pursuit or fixation @entity66 , but most @entity1 showed gradual improvement in all abnormalities four months after operation.

title: XXXX : improvement in eye movements after surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['suppression abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of eye movement']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Arnold-Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['horizontal nystagmus', 'vestibular nystagmus', 'optokinetic nystagmus and fixation suppression of vestibular nystagmus', 'rotatory nystagmus', 'downbeat nystagmus', 'Nystagmus']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Arnold-Chiari malformation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of this study were to determine if the protein source of the medium influences @entity7040 embryo development and if developmental kinetics, @entity245 and programmed cell death are related. The culture medium was supplemented with either fetal calf serum or bovine serum albumin. The embryos were classified as Fast (n = 1,235) or Slow (n = 485) based on the time required to reach the fourth cell cycle (48 h and 90 h post insemination - hpi -, respectively). The Slow group was further separated into two groups: those presenting exactly 4 cells at 48 hpi (Slow/4 cells) and those that reached the fourth cell cycle at 90 hpi (Slow). Blastocyst quality, DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial membrane potential and signs of apoptosis or @entity39 were evaluated. The Slow group had higher incidence of @entity245 than the Fast group. The embryos supplemented with fetal calf serum had lower quality. DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial membrane potential were absent in embryos at 48 hpi but present at 90 hpi. Early signs of apoptosis were more frequent in the Slow and Slow/4 cell groups than in the Fast group. We concluded that fetal calf serum reduces blastocyst development and quality, but the mechanism appears to be independent of DNA fragmentation. The apoptotic cells detected at 48 hpi reveal a possible mechanism of programmed cell death activation prior to genome activation. The apoptotic cells observed in the slow-developing embryos suggested a relationship between programmed cell death and embryonic developmental kinetics in @entity7040 in vitro-produced embryos.

title: Developmental Block and Programmed Cell Death in XXXX Embryos: Effects of Protein Supplementation Source and Developmental Kinetics.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental block']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity7040 :: (9915,Species) :: ['Bos indicus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology of @entity295 is broad. The peritoneal cavity displays compartmentalization with respect to inflammatory responses, so peripheral blood responses to @entity295 of abdominal vs. non-abdominal origin are expected to be divergent. Lymphocytes and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play important roles in survival from @entity295 , as they dampen the neutrophil and macrophage responses. We assessed whether circulating iNKT cells display distinct phenotypic profiles depending on the presence of abdominal vs. @entity1320 with @entity295 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity295 , defined as infection confirmed microbiologically with a @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), were enrolled prospectively. They were categorized as having either exclusively @entity295 of abdominal or exclusively non-abdominal origin. The white blood cell (WBC) count was recorded. Whole-blood staining with monoclonal antibodies to CD3, V-alpha-24 (to identify iNKT cells), and @entity7986 (marker of early activation) was applied. RESULTS: Of the 53 enrolled @entity1 , 18 had @entity1320 . @entity55 was the most common non-abdominal type. There was no difference in gender, age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, WBC count, or CD3(+) T cells (7.1%  1.6% vs. 6.5%  0.9%; p=0.75) in the two groups. @entity1 with @entity1320 had a higher proportion of iNKT cells (2.7%  1.1% vs. 0.89%  0.14%; p=0.032). Correcting for WBC count, this translated into a higher absolute number of iNKT cells (3.4  1.8*10(7)/L vs. 0.74  0.15*10(7)/L; p=0.03). @entity1 with @entity295 of abdominal origin had a lower percentage of @entity7986 (+) iNKT cells (9.1%  3.1% vs. 27.2%  5.8%; p=0.028). In @entity1 in shock vs. those who were not, @entity1 with @entity1320 exhibited a greater number of iNKT cells (1.47  0.3   v. 0.62  0.1*10(7)/L; p=0.022) and percentage of activated iNKT cells (53  14.5% vs. 17.9  4.8%; p=0.04). @entity1 with @entity1320 who died had a lower absolute number of activated iNKT cells (0.8  1.2*10(7)/L vs. 0.34  0.1*10(7)/L; p=0.023); however, no such shock or @entity204 correlation was noted in @entity1 with @entity295 of abdominal origin. CONCLUSIONS: Divergent @entity295 etiologies display distinct blood iNKT cell population changes. In @entity1320 , this difference was associated with @entity326 and @entity204 . Elucidating the importance and basis for these changes relative to the response to sources of infection will help clarify appropriate diagnosis and management of the @entity1 with @entity295 .

title: Divergent Invariant Natural Killer T-Cell Response to Sepsis of Abdominal vs. Non-Abdominal Origin in XXXX Beings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal infection', 'non-abdominal infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This report describes a case of a 72-year-old Caucasian @entity1 presenting with a large @entity1036 with a large persistent epithelial defect, with a longest linear diameter of 7 mm and greatest perpendicular width of 5 mm, affecting epithelium, Bowman membrane, and anterior stroma. @entity2687 was resistant to conventional treatment and classified as stage 2 according to Mackie classification. @entity1 was instructed to instill regenerating agent (RGTA) eye drops in the morning, as the first eye drop, once every 5 days in combination with daily cord blood serum (CBS) eye drops 6 times/day. The @entity1 was asked to visit after 1 week (V1), 2 weeks (V2), 3 weeks (V3), and 4 weeks (V4) of study treatment. In V4 treatment, corneal sensitivity improved, and @entity1036 healed with resolution of stromal @entity32 . Global treatment tolerance was very satisfactory. @entity1 continued the therapy for a further month after complete healing. Currently, the @entity1 has been followed up for 3 months without any sign of @entity1036 recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, this case report describes for the first time the successful combined use of RGTA and CBS eye drops for the treatment of @entity1036 resistant to conventional treatment. We hypothesize that RGTA eye drops could provide an optimal migration substrate and that growth factors supplied by CBS eye drops could strengthen the repair process by promoting cell growth over the matrix. Combined RGTA and CBS eye drop therapy could be a new potential option for the successful treatment of resistant @entity1036 , particularly when each drug alone is not effective.

title: Synergistic effect of regenerating agent plus cord blood serum eye drops for the treatment of resistant XXXX : a case report and a hypothesis for pathophysiologic mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal disease']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic keratitis', 'keratitis']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['neurotrophic keratitis']


abstract: Synaptic failure and @entity528 are two major neuropathological substrates of @entity73 in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Only a few studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between these two @entity195 . To investigate tau mediated synaptic injury we used @entity35 model of @entity13859 that develops extensive neurofibrillary pathology in the cortex. Using fractionation of cortical synapses, we identified an increase in endogenous @entity35 tau isoforms in presynaptic compartment, and their mis-sorting to the postsynaptic density (PSD). Truncated transgenic tau was distributed in both compartments exhibiting specific phospho-pattern that was characteristic for each synaptic compartment. In the presynaptic compartment, truncated tau was associated with impairment of dynamic stability of microtubules which could be responsible for reduction of synaptic vesicles. In the PSD, truncated tau lowered the levels of neurofilaments. Truncated tau also significantly decreased the synaptic levels of Ab40 but not Ab42. These data show that truncated tau differentially deregulates synaptic proteome in pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Importantly, we show that alteration of Ab can arise downstream of truncated tau pathology.

title: Truncated tau deregulates synaptic markers in @entity35 model for human XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", 'AD hallmarks']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary degeneration']

answer: @entity13859 :: (MESH:D024801,Disease) :: ['tauopathy']


abstract: Synaptic failure and @entity528 are two major neuropathological substrates of @entity73 in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Only a few studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between these two @entity195 . To investigate tau mediated synaptic injury we used @entity35 model of @entity13859 that develops extensive neurofibrillary pathology in the cortex. Using fractionation of cortical synapses, we identified an increase in endogenous @entity35 tau isoforms in presynaptic compartment, and their mis-sorting to the postsynaptic density (PSD). Truncated transgenic tau was distributed in both compartments exhibiting specific phospho-pattern that was characteristic for each synaptic compartment. In the presynaptic compartment, truncated tau was associated with impairment of dynamic stability of microtubules which could be responsible for reduction of synaptic vesicles. In the PSD, truncated tau lowered the levels of neurofilaments. Truncated tau also significantly decreased the synaptic levels of Ab40 but not Ab42. These data show that truncated tau differentially deregulates synaptic proteome in pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Importantly, we show that alteration of Ab can arise downstream of truncated tau pathology.

title: Truncated tau deregulates synaptic markers in XXXX model for human @entity13859 .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3168 ( @entity3168 ) is well known as the causative agent of several forms of @entity66 , precise epidemiological and pathobiological aspects are still unknown. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the culture results of samples collected in our hospital from 2001 through 2013. In addition, for the detection and toxinogenic typing of @entity3168 , polymerase-chain-reaction amplification (PCR)-based rapid analysis was performed in 6 cases using DNA extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues. RESULTS: A total of 35 samples from 33 cases were positive for @entity3168 , representing an incidence of 0.017% (35/205, 114). Among 33 @entity1 , 21 @entity1 manifested @entity295 and 7 @entity1 had @entity2259 . One of the septic cases was complicated by fatal @entity2142 and thus, the prevalence was estimated at 3.0% among @entity3168 infections (1/33). The direct causative disease or state for @entity3168 @entity281 was identified in 18 @entity1 : surgery or intervention for @entity5 , 8 @entity1 ; chemotherapy for @entity5 , 2 @entity1 ; surgery or intervention for @entity5 , 6 @entity1 ; liver @entity82 , 3 @entity1 , etc. PCR-based toxinogenic typing of @entity3168 detected the alpha-toxin gene only in tissue from a @entity1 who died of massive @entity2142 ; none of the toxin genes could be amplified in the other 5 cases examined. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of overt @entity3168 @entity281 is low, but upon detection, infected @entity1 should be carefully monitored for fatal acute @entity2142 caused by type A @entity3168 . Furthermore, PCR-based rapid detection of @entity3168 and toxinogenic typing by archival pathological material is applicable as a diagnostic tool.

title: Epidemiological and pathobiological profiles of XXXX infections: review of consecutive series of 33 cases over a 13-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['enteric disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-neoplastic disease', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['C. perfringens', 'Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis', 'intravascular hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity3168 :: (1502,Species) :: ['Clostridium perfringens']