abstract: BACKGROUND: Absence of a pathognomonic clinical picture and variable histologic findings often delay diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)-induced @entity281 , and antimicrobial therapy varies. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the clinical, microbiologic, and pathological findings of cutaneous NTM infections and response to different treatments. METHODS: Records of @entity1 with NTM infections of the skin confirmed by positive cultures or histologic findings were reviewed. Clinical, microbiologic, and epidemiologic data were collected and skin biopsy specimens were reassessed. RESULTS: The series included 25 cases, one diagnosed by histology and 24 by positive culture: 16 cases with @entity15539 , 3 of atypical @entity15539 without species identification, and one each with M chelonae, M xenopi, @entity7665 , M gordonae, and M fortuitum. One of 16 @entity1 with @entity15539 developed @entity2762 . Mean interval between clinical presentation and diagnosis was 7.1 months (range: 1-27.3 months). All isolates analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility pattern were sensitive to @entity4581 . LIMITATIONS: Limitations include methods of case collection, retrospective study, and relatively small number of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of NTM should be confirmed by histology and bacteriology studies of tissue cultures. Strong clinical suggestion of @entity15539 infection warrants initial empirical treatment to prevent progression to @entity281 . The recommended treatment as indicated by the results of the in vitro susceptibility and clinical response is @entity4581 .

title: XXXX of the skin: A retrospective study of 25 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection', 'cutaneous infections']

entities_list: @entity15539 :: ('1781', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium', 'Mycobacterium marinum', 'M marinum']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections']


abstract: @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) exhibits beneficial effects on beta cell mass by both enhancing proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. The precise mechanism of the anti-apoptotic effect of @entity5445 and @entity5445 mimetics like exendin-4 has remained elusive. Here, we studied cytokine-induced apoptosis in the pancreatic beta cell line @entity4009 and performed a comparative mitochondrial protein pattern analysis using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Cytokine incubation of @entity4009 cells increased @entity522 activity about 3-fold, which was reduced by 60% in the presence of exendin-4. Production of reactive @entity26 species in response to cytokines was completely prevented after preincubation with exendin-4. Highly purified mitochondria were obtained and mitochondrial proteins were labeled with Cy-dyes and separated on overlapping zoom 2D gels spanning a pH-range of 4-9. Protein spots with significant changes after cytokine and exendin-4 treatment were identified by MALDI mass spectrometry. Comparing all treatment conditions, comparative mitochondrial proteome analysis allowed to identify 33 different proteins, which were significantly altered between comparison groups. Changes in protein patterns revealed involvement of cytokine-induced electron transport chain damage. Thus, cytochrome bc1 complex subunit I and @entity855 synthase subunit beta were downregulated by 30-40%. This was abrogated by the presence of exendin-4. In conclusion, this study provides further insights into the role of mitochondria in cytokine-induced apoptosis. We show here that exendin-4 significantly counter-regulates the reduced abundance of electron transport chain proteins, leading to a reduction of oxidative stress and most likely contributing to the anti-apoptotic action of this drug.

title: Anti-apoptotic action of exendin-4 in XXXX beta cells: comparative protein pattern analysis of isolated mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon like peptide-1', 'Glp-1']

answer: @entity4009 :: (2305,Gene) :: ['INS-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of yoga therapy as a complementary treatment for @entity146 such as @entity161 , @entity308 , @entity148 , and @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). DATA SOURCES: Eligible trials were identified by a literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Control Trials Register, Google Scholar, and EBSCO on the basis of criteria of acceptable quality and relevance. The search was performed using the following terms: yoga for @entity161 , yoga for @entity308 , yoga for @entity148 , yoga for @entity1005 , yoga therapy, yoga for @entity146 , complementary treatment, and efficacy of yoga therapy. Trials both unpublished and published with no limitation placed on year of publication were included; however, the oldest article included in the final meta-analysis was published in 2000. STUDY SELECTION: All available randomized, controlled trials of yoga for the treatment of @entity1032 were reviewed, and 10 studies were eligible for inclusion. As very few randomized, controlled studies have examined yoga for @entity1032 , this meta-analysis includes studies with @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity1032 , as well as studies with @entity1 who were not diagnosed with @entity1032 but reported symptoms of @entity1032 . Trials were excluded due to the following: (1) insufficient information, (2) inadequate statistical analysis, (3) yoga was not the central component of the intervention, (4) subjects were not diagnosed with or did not report experiencing symptoms of one of the @entity146 of interest (ie, @entity161 , @entity308 , @entity148 , and @entity1005 ), (5) study was not reported in English, and (6) study did not include a control group. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted on @entity1 diagnosis, inclusion criteria, treatment and control groups, duration of intervention, and results (pre-post mean and standard deviations, t values, and f values). Number, age, and sex ratio of @entity1 were also obtained when available. DATA SYNTHESIS: The combined analysis of all 10 studies provided a pooled effect size of -3.25 (95% CI, -5.36 to -1.14; P = .002), indicating that yoga-based interventions have a statistically significant effect as an adjunct treatment for major @entity146 . Findings in support of alternative and complementary interventions may especially be an aid in the treatment of disorders for which current treatments are found to be inadequate or to carry severe liabilities. CONCLUSIONS: As current psychopharmacologic interventions for severe @entity1032 are associated with increased risk of @entity1017 as well as other metabolic side effects that increase @entity1 ' risk for @entity65 , yoga may be an effective, far less toxic adjunct treatment option for severe @entity1032 .

title: Effectiveness of yoga therapy as a complementary treatment for major XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Independent review boards can provide an objective appraisal of investigators' decisions and may be useful for determining complex primary outcomes, such as @entity162 relapse, in crossnational studies. This article describes the use of an independent, blinded relapse monitoring board to assess the primary outcome (relapse) in an international clinical trial of @entity1090 long-acting therapy adjunctive to standard-care pharmacotherapy for @entity1 with @entity162 . DESIGN: The fully autonomous relapse monitoring board was composed of a chair and two additional members-all psychiatrists and experts in the diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic management of @entity162 . The relapse monitoring board met six times during the study to review @entity1 relapse data and was charged with the responsibility of determining if the events described by investigators qualified as relapses. Additionally, the relapse monitoring board reviewed data for all randomized @entity1 to identify any relapse events not recognized by investigators. RESULTS: Primary efficacy results were similar and significant for investigator- and relapse monitoring board-determined relapses. Ten discrepancies were noted: two of the 42 investigator-determined relapses did not meet the intended clinical relapse threshold as determined by the relapse monitoring board; conversely, the relapse monitoring board confirmed eight relapse events not identified by investigators. The relapse monitoring board had no direct interactions with @entity1 and had to rely on the accuracy of investigator assessments. Also, once an investigator determined a relapse and the @entity1 discontinued the study, less information was available to the relapse monitoring board for relapse assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the relapse monitoring board supported the validity of the study by incorporating a level of standardization to mitigate the risk that local practice in different cultures and medical systems at the sites would confound study results.

title: Use of a relapse monitoring board: an independent assessment for determining relapse in clinical trials for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5705 influences metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a risk factor for @entity65 ( @entity1479 : @entity741 and @entity63 ). OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in the @entity5705 genetic variants @entity71961 , @entity71962 , @entity71963 , @entity71964 , @entity71965 , and @entity44838 influence levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins and risk of @entity1479 . DESIGN: For the cross-sectional study, we genotyped 9003 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study; hereof were 8971 individuals included in the prospective study, 1747 of whom had incident @entity1479 during 28 yr of follow-up. For the case-control studies, 2110 @entity741 @entity1 vs. 4899 controls and 769 @entity63 @entity1 vs. 2836 controls, respectively, were genotyped. Follow-up was 100% complete. RESULTS: HDL @entity165 was higher by 0.21 mmol/liter in @entity71963 heterozygotes, by 0.06 mmol/liter in -480c>t heterozygotes, and by 0.13 mmol/liter in -480c>t homozygotes, as compared with noncarriers. These HDL increases theoretically predicted hazard ratios for @entity1479 of 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.90], 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.97), and 0.91 (95% CI 0.89-0.94), respectively; this calculation assumes that genetically elevated HDL levels confer decreased risk similar to common HDL elevations. In contrast, when all cases and controls were combined, the observed odds ratios for @entity1479 for these three genetic variants vs. noncarriers were 1.19 (0.76-1.88), 1.04 (0.96-1.13), and 1.08 (0.89-1.30), respectively. Hazard/odds ratios for @entity1479 in carriers vs. noncarriers of the four remaining @entity5705 genetic variants did not differ consistently from 1.0. CONCLUSION: @entity5705 genetic variants with elevated levels of HDL @entity165 did not associate with risk of @entity1479 .

title: @entity5705 , genetically elevated high-density lipoprotein, and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5705 :: ('3990', 'Gene') :: ['hepatic lipase', 'Hepatic lipase']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity71961 :: ('p|SUB|V|73|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V73M']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiovascular disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5705 influences metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a risk factor for @entity65 ( @entity1479 : @entity741 and @entity63 ). OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that genetic variation in the @entity5705 genetic variants @entity71961 , @entity71962 , @entity71963 , @entity71964 , @entity71965 , and @entity44838 influence levels of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins and risk of @entity1479 . DESIGN: For the cross-sectional study, we genotyped 9003 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study; hereof were 8971 individuals included in the prospective study, 1747 of whom had incident @entity1479 during 28 yr of follow-up. For the case-control studies, 2110 @entity741 @entity1 vs. 4899 controls and 769 @entity63 @entity1 vs. 2836 controls, respectively, were genotyped. Follow-up was 100% complete. RESULTS: HDL @entity165 was higher by 0.21 mmol/liter in @entity71963 heterozygotes, by 0.06 mmol/liter in -480c>t heterozygotes, and by 0.13 mmol/liter in -480c>t homozygotes, as compared with noncarriers. These HDL increases theoretically predicted hazard ratios for @entity1479 of 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-0.90], 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.97), and 0.91 (95% CI 0.89-0.94), respectively; this calculation assumes that genetically elevated HDL levels confer decreased risk similar to common HDL elevations. In contrast, when all cases and controls were combined, the observed odds ratios for @entity1479 for these three genetic variants vs. noncarriers were 1.19 (0.76-1.88), 1.04 (0.96-1.13), and 1.08 (0.89-1.30), respectively. Hazard/odds ratios for @entity1479 in carriers vs. noncarriers of the four remaining @entity5705 genetic variants did not differ consistently from 1.0. CONCLUSION: @entity5705 genetic variants with elevated levels of HDL @entity165 did not associate with risk of @entity1479 .

title: XXXX , genetically elevated high-density lipoprotein, and risk of @entity65 .

answer: @entity5705 :: (3990,Gene) :: ['Hepatic lipase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acoustic and perceptual changes to speech in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) have been widely studied. Little empirical evidence exists concerning the individual's own perception of changes, the impact these have on their life and coping strategies to deal with them. OBJECTIVE: To establish if, and how, changes in communication impact on the lives of @entity1 with @entity191 . DESIGN: In-depth interviews with qualitative analysis of content. SETTING: Community. SUBJECTS: Twenty-three @entity1 and 14 @entity1 with @entity191 . METHODS: @entity1 were purposively sampled to give a mix of @entity1 , @entity1 , family circumstances, stage and duration of @entity191 and severity of speech symptoms. Individuals were interviewed at home. Interviews were transcribed. Emergent themes were identified and fed back to @entity1 for confirmation and clarification. RESULTS: @entity1 identified changes to voice and articulation. Language changes featured prominently. Four impact themes: (i) interaction with others, (ii) problems with conversations, (iii) feelings about intelligibility and (iv) voice; and four corresponding coping themes (a) helping others understand, (b) managing conversations, (c) monitoring and adjusting and (d) physical strategies emerged. Of main concern was not the nature of speech-voice-language changes, but how these affected self-concept, participation inside and outside the family and family dynamics. Individuals employed a range of fluid coping strategies moving from background withdrawal to foreground striving strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Speech and language changes in @entity191 impact upon individual and family life long before frank impairment of intelligibility is apparent. The role of early referral to speech and language therapy is therefore worthy of detailed investigation.

title: Life with communication changes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Changes of the water permeability aq  aporin (AQP) activity of leaf cells were investigated in response to different light regimes (low versus high). Using a cell pressure probe, hydraulic properties (half-time of water exchange, T(1/2) infinity 1/water permeability) of parenchyma cells in the midrib tissue of @entity2829 ( @entity2829 .) leaves have been measured. A new perfusion technique was applied to excised leaves to keep turgor constant and to modify the environment around cells by perfusing solutions using a pressure chamber. In response to low light (LL) of 200 micromol m(-2) s(-1), T(1/2) decreased during the perfusion of a control solution of 0.5 mM @entity3282 by a factor of two. This was in line with earlier results from leaf cells of intact @entity2829 plants at a constant turgor. In contrast, @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ) at intensities of 800 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and 1800 micromol m(-2) s(-1) increased the T(1/2) in two-thirds of cells by factors of 14 and 35, respectively. The effects of @entity3917 on T(1/2) were similar to those caused by @entity274 treatment in the presence of @entity8798 , which produced * @entity2145 (Fenton reaction; reversible oxidative gating of aquaporins). Treatments with 20 mM @entity274 following @entity8798 pre-treatments increased the T(1/2) by a factor of 30. Those increased T(1/2) values could be partly recovered, either when the perfusion solution was changed back to the control solution or when LL was applied. 3mM of the antioxidant @entity2041 also reversed the effects of @entity3917 . The data suggest that @entity3917 could induce reactive @entity26 species (ROS) such as @entity2145 , and they affected water relations. The results provide evidence that the varying light climate adjusts water flow at the cell level; that is, water flow is maximized at a certain light intensity and then reduced again by @entity3917 . Light effects are discussed in terms of an oxidative gating of aquaporins by ROS.

title: Gating of aq  aporins by light and reactive XXXX species in leaf parenchyma cells of the midrib of @entity2829 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Changes of the water permeability aq  aporin (AQP) activity of leaf cells were investigated in response to different light regimes (low versus high). Using a cell pressure probe, hydraulic properties (half-time of water exchange, T(1/2) infinity 1/water permeability) of parenchyma cells in the midrib tissue of @entity2829 ( @entity2829 .) leaves have been measured. A new perfusion technique was applied to excised leaves to keep turgor constant and to modify the environment around cells by perfusing solutions using a pressure chamber. In response to low light (LL) of 200 micromol m(-2) s(-1), T(1/2) decreased during the perfusion of a control solution of 0.5 mM @entity3282 by a factor of two. This was in line with earlier results from leaf cells of intact @entity2829 plants at a constant turgor. In contrast, @entity3917 ( @entity3917 ) at intensities of 800 micromol m(-2) s(-1) and 1800 micromol m(-2) s(-1) increased the T(1/2) in two-thirds of cells by factors of 14 and 35, respectively. The effects of @entity3917 on T(1/2) were similar to those caused by @entity274 treatment in the presence of @entity8798 , which produced * @entity2145 (Fenton reaction; reversible oxidative gating of aquaporins). Treatments with 20 mM @entity274 following @entity8798 pre-treatments increased the T(1/2) by a factor of 30. Those increased T(1/2) values could be partly recovered, either when the perfusion solution was changed back to the control solution or when LL was applied. 3mM of the antioxidant @entity2041 also reversed the effects of @entity3917 . The data suggest that @entity3917 could induce reactive @entity26 species (ROS) such as @entity2145 , and they affected water relations. The results provide evidence that the varying light climate adjusts water flow at the cell level; that is, water flow is maximized at a certain light intensity and then reduced again by @entity3917 . Light effects are discussed in terms of an oxidative gating of aquaporins by ROS.

title: Gating of aq  aporins by light and reactive @entity26 species in leaf parenchyma cells of the midrib of XXXX .

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['Zea mays']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) has received much attention recently. Advocates have touted its use for the diagnosis and duration of therapy in @entity1 with @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ). However, little has been written about its utility in @entity130 @entity1 . The clinical, physiologic, and radiologic components of the CPIS may be difficult to differentiate from the systemic effects of injury. Quantitative cultures of the lower airway have been shown to be efficacious in differentiating @entity2489 from the @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). In this study, we evaluated the potential use of CPIS as the sole means for diagnosis of @entity2489 in critically injured @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were identified from the @entity2489 database maintained in our Level I @entity130 center. Only those who had CPIS calculated at the time of bronchoscopy with BAL were included. @entity2489 required >or=10 colonies/mL on quantitative BAL for diagnosis. Antibiotic therapy was based on quantitative BAL results. @entity1 with <10 colonies/mL were diagnosed with @entity1850 . Sensitivity and specificity of a CPIS>6 for @entity2489 diagnosis (confirmed by BAL) were calculated. RESULTS: In all, 158 @entity1 underwent 285 BALs. The overall incidence for @entity2489 was 42%. @entity1 with episodes of @entity2489 and @entity1850 were well matched for age, Injury Severity Score, APACHE II score, and Glasgow @entity772 Scale score. The average CPIS was 6.8 in @entity1 with @entity1850 and 6.9 for those with @entity2489 . Using a CPIS>6 as the threshold for @entity2489 only yielded a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 43%. CONCLUSIONS: CPIS cannot differentiate @entity2489 from @entity1850 in critically injured @entity1 . Using CPIS to initiate antibiotic therapy in @entity130 @entity1 could be harmful. Whether CPIS is useful to determine duration of antibiotic therapy is unknown.

title: The futility of the clinical pulmonary infection score in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) has received much attention recently. Advocates have touted its use for the diagnosis and duration of therapy in @entity1 with @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ). However, little has been written about its utility in @entity130 @entity1 . The clinical, physiologic, and radiologic components of the CPIS may be difficult to differentiate from the systemic effects of injury. Quantitative cultures of the lower airway have been shown to be efficacious in differentiating @entity2489 from the @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ). In this study, we evaluated the potential use of CPIS as the sole means for diagnosis of @entity2489 in critically injured @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were identified from the @entity2489 database maintained in our Level I @entity130 center. Only those who had CPIS calculated at the time of bronchoscopy with BAL were included. @entity2489 required >or=10 colonies/mL on quantitative BAL for diagnosis. Antibiotic therapy was based on quantitative BAL results. @entity1 with <10 colonies/mL were diagnosed with @entity1850 . Sensitivity and specificity of a CPIS>6 for @entity2489 diagnosis (confirmed by BAL) were calculated. RESULTS: In all, 158 @entity1 underwent 285 BALs. The overall incidence for @entity2489 was 42%. @entity1 with episodes of @entity2489 and @entity1850 were well matched for age, Injury Severity Score, APACHE II score, and Glasgow @entity772 Scale score. The average CPIS was 6.8 in @entity1 with @entity1850 and 6.9 for those with @entity2489 . Using a CPIS>6 as the threshold for @entity2489 only yielded a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 43%. CONCLUSIONS: CPIS cannot differentiate @entity2489 from @entity1850 in critically injured @entity1 . Using CPIS to initiate antibiotic therapy in @entity130 @entity1 could be harmful. Whether CPIS is useful to determine duration of antibiotic therapy is unknown.

title: The futility of the clinical pulmonary infection score in @entity130 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Comminuted @entity174 are traditionally treated by internal fixation. The modified tension-band technique is widely accepted for internal fixation. The management of comminuted @entity174 often requires additional K-wire and/or circlage material and wide surgical exposure. Therefore, symptoms and complications related to the stainless steel wire are not uncommon in these cases. We present a new alternative treatment technique for @entity9256 . METHODS: Five @entity9256 of four @entity1 were treated by circular external fixator (CEF) under arthroscopic control. The mean @entity1 age was 32.5 (range 24-41) years and mean follow-up was 22 (range 20-28) months. RESULTS: In four cases, union was completed by the sixth week; in the other case, union was completed by the eighth week. The frames were removed after union of the @entity174 was documented. When the CEF was removed, full knee range of motion was observed full in all @entity1 , and the @entity1 returned to their normal activities of living in a few days. The mean Lysholm score was 94 (range 85-100) after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: CEF application under arthroscopic control can help avoid some complications of the traditional treatment methods, particularly in comminuted @entity174 . The most important advantage of this technique is to allow active knee motion in the early postoperative period so @entity1 can return to activity of daily living soon after the implant removal. In addition, arthroscopic examination of the knee joint provides an assessment of any other @entity75 . This technique allows healing of the @entity174 with low morbidity.

title: Application of circular external fixator under arthroscopic control in comminuted patella XXXX : technique and early results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9256 :: ('MESH:D018460', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted patellar fractures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular lesions']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractures of the patella', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: The medicinal mushroom Chaga, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) @entity9057  t (Hymenochaetaceae), has been used in folk medicine in Russia, Poland, and most of the Baltic countries, as a cleansing and disinfecting measure, and as decoctions for @entity1819 , @entity409 , and @entity5 treatment. Many reports have been published concerning the health promoting functions of this mushroom, including antibacterial, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antioxidant activities. The purpose of the present study was evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity of fraction IO4 isolated from I. obliquus. The effect on cell proliferation, motility and viability was assessed in a range of @entity5 and normal cells. Chaga fraction prepared from dried fruiting bodies was subjected to anticancer evaluation in @entity1 @entity2 (A549), @entity694 (HT-29), and @entity35 glioma (C6) cell cultures. @entity1 skin fibroblasts (HSF), @entity291 aorta endothelial cells (BAEC), models of @entity35 oligodendrocytes (OLN-93), hepatocytes (Fao), @entity35 astroglia, and @entity19 neurons (P19) were applied to test @entity137 in normal cells. The following methods were applied: @entity5 cell proliferation ( @entity98 assay and @entity1603 assay), @entity137 (LDH assay), @entity5 cell motility (wound assay), @entity5 cell morphology (May-Gr  nwald-Giemsa staining), and @entity204 detection (ELISA). Chaga fraction elicited anticancer effects which were attributed to decreased @entity5 cell proliferation, motility and morphological changes induction. Of note is the fact that it produced no or low @entity137 in tested normal cells. The data presented could open interesting paths for further investigations of fraction IO4 as a potential anticancer agent.

title: Anticancer effects of fraction isolated from fruiting bodies of Chaga medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) XXXX  t (Aphyllophoromycetideae): in vitro studies.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['stomach diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal worms, liver and heart ailments']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity9057 :: (390502,Gene) :: ['Pil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Clinical and pathological significance of stage IIIC @entity1204 is unclear. Our study was designed to determine the risk of recurrence among @entity1 with stage IIIC @entity1204 according to different pathological findings. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all @entity1 with @entity1204 (n = 48) treated in our institution between 1996 and 2005. @entity1 without comprehensive surgical staging were excluded. @entity1 were classified into two groups: with adnexae and/or uterine serosal @entity3 (group A, n = 18) and without @entity3 (group B, n = 20). Cox proportional hazards model was used for multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 64 years (range 46-90). Eighteen @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy, 17 received pelvic radiotherapy alone, and 11 received chemotherapy or hormonotherapy. At a median follow-up of 26.7 months, 12 had recurrence of the disease. Serosal and/or adnexal involvement was a negative independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival [relative risk = 3.75 (1.01-13.9); p = 0.04], whereas histological type, grade, depth of invasion and age at diagnosis had no influence. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with stage IIIC @entity1204 and @entity3 to adnexae and/or serosa have a higher risk of recurrence than those with node @entity3 alone. Optimal adjuvant therapy for these groups remains unclear.

title: Positive adnexal or uterine serosal involvement in stage IIIC XXXX is an adverse factor for recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'FIGO IIIC endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The optimal treatment for @entity1 requiring intervention for @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and concomitant large or symptomatic @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) remains problematic. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed of 32 @entity1 with symptomatic or large (> cm) @entity1028 along with significant @entity453 treated over the past fifteen years at a university hospital. RESULTS: Mean @entity1028 diameter was 6.6 cm. @entity453 involved 3 or more vessels in all @entity1 . Fifteen @entity1 underwent staged coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) followed by open @entity1028 repair, with two (13%) dying as a result of @entity1756 in the early postoperative period. No major complications were encountered among five @entity1 receiving staged coronary angioplasty before open @entity1028 repair and two @entity1 undergoing staged CABG followed by @entity439 repair. Ten @entity1 underwent concomitant CABG and @entity1028 repair, with a single intraoperative @entity204 (10%). No differences in morbidity were observed among @entity1 undergoing concomitant procedures as compared with those subjected to staged procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive interventions for coronary revascularization and @entity449 repair appear to be safe and effective options in properly selected high-risk @entity1 . While optimal management must be individualized, these data suggest that either staged or concomitant CABG and @entity1028 repair may be viable options when minimally invasive interventions are not feasible.

title: XXXX and significant @entity453 : strategies and options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The optimal treatment for @entity1 requiring intervention for @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and concomitant large or symptomatic @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) remains problematic. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed of 32 @entity1 with symptomatic or large (> cm) @entity1028 along with significant @entity453 treated over the past fifteen years at a university hospital. RESULTS: Mean @entity1028 diameter was 6.6 cm. @entity453 involved 3 or more vessels in all @entity1 . Fifteen @entity1 underwent staged coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) followed by open @entity1028 repair, with two (13%) dying as a result of @entity1756 in the early postoperative period. No major complications were encountered among five @entity1 receiving staged coronary angioplasty before open @entity1028 repair and two @entity1 undergoing staged CABG followed by @entity439 repair. Ten @entity1 underwent concomitant CABG and @entity1028 repair, with a single intraoperative @entity204 (10%). No differences in morbidity were observed among @entity1 undergoing concomitant procedures as compared with those subjected to staged procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Minimally invasive interventions for coronary revascularization and @entity449 repair appear to be safe and effective options in properly selected high-risk @entity1 . While optimal management must be individualized, these data suggest that either staged or concomitant CABG and @entity1028 repair may be viable options when minimally invasive interventions are not feasible.

title: @entity1028 and significant XXXX : strategies and options.

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Nailfold capillaroscopy is an important tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of @entity1 with @entity627 , in particular @entity6017 and @entity2631 . A relationship has been observed in adults between improved capillaroscopic findings and reduced disease activity. Our aim was to correlate disease activity (clinical and laboratory data) and nailfold capillaroscopy findings in 18 @entity1 with @entity5442 . METHODS: This prospective study included 13 @entity8817 @entity1 (Bohan and Peter criteria) (mean age of 8.8 years) and five @entity1 with @entity3928 (mean age of 15.7 years). We evaluated disease activity ( @entity272 and @entity425 , muscle enzymes and acute phase reactants) and its correlation with nailfold capillaroscopy findings (dilatation of isolated loops, dropout of surrounding vessels and giant capillary loops). We used a microscope with special light and magnification of 10 to 16X. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 underwent a total of 26 capillaroscopic examinations, seven of them on two or more occasions (13 were performed during the active disease phase and 13 during remission). Twelve of the 13 examinations performed during the active phase exhibited @entity2631 pattern and 8 of the 13 examinations performed during remission were normal. Therefore, in 20 of the 26 examinations clinical and laboratory data and nailfold capillaroscopy findings correlated (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Nailfold capillaroscopy is a non-invasive examination that offers satisfactory correlation with disease activity and could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of @entity5442 .

title: XXXX in childhood: correlation between nailfold capillaroscopy findings and clinical and laboratory data.

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myopathies']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['overlap syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin abnormalities']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory myopathies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on a pair of monozygotic female twins discordant for @entity4802 . DESCRIPTION: The affected twin was a @entity1 , who was delivered by caesarean section at 35 weeks' gestation. Her birth weight was 2,170 g, length 42.5 cm, head circumference 30 cm and her Apgar scores were 3/7. After birth the @entity1 developed severe @entity649 and had to be moved to the neonatal intensive care unit (ICU). The other twin was a @entity1 , born weighing 3,200 g with a length of 49 cm, head circumference of 34 cm and Apgar scores of 8/10. She was transferred to the mother-baby unit soon after birth and was discharged two days later. There was no consanguinity between the twins' parents, who were young and healthy at the time of their conception. The affected @entity1 's @entity154 included left @entity4802 , severe @entity4239 , abnormal ears, bilateral @entity8541 and epibulbar @entity735 . She developed obstructive @entity386 due to @entity4239 and required tracheostomy. Abdominal and cranial ultrasound findings were normal, as was an ophthalmological assessment. Spine x-ray showed hemivertebra at T9 and T10. An echocardiogram showed @entity215 . GTG-banded karyotyping was performed on peripheral blood cells and revealed 46,XX. Zygosity testing established the pair of twins to be monozygotic with a probability greater than 99:1. COMMENT: @entity4802 was diagnosed in one of the twins described here. There are several reports of twins discordant for this disorder and therefore non-genetic factors may also play an important role, for instance vascular disruption during morphogenesis.

title: Monozygotic twins discordant for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity8541 :: ('MESH:C566904', 'Disease') :: ['preauricular tags']

entities_list: @entity4802 :: ('MESH:D006053', 'Disease') :: ['Goldenhar syndrome', 'hemifacial microsomia']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['Tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid in the right eye']

answer: @entity4802 :: (MESH:D006053,Disease) :: ['Goldenhar syndrome']


abstract: Pomacea lineata, an extremely ubiquitous snail and pest to @entity579 farmers throughout Asia, holds promise as a valuable resource for monitoring water quality in northeast Brazil. In this paper, we present data demonstrating the rate of @entity1017 in P. lineata neonates as a consistent measure of the stress imposed by sublethal concentrations of the herbicides @entity6453 and Round-up. Our secondary agenda is to demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating bioassay into the standard municipal and state procedure of monitoring water quality. Growth data to assess chronic @entity137 were generated in experiments of four and four, eight, twelve and sixteen days for @entity6453 and Round-up, respectively. We estimated a 96 h no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for @entity6453 of 0.12 and 0.25 mg/L. The 96 h Round-up data yielded NOEC and LOEC values, respectively, of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L. All concentrations of Round-up tested for the 192 h exposure yielded significantly lower growth than the control. Consequently, no NOEC could be derived. The LOEC was < 0.12 mg/L. Furthermore, there was no mortality during the test. At the lowest concentrations of @entity6453 tested (0.005 mg/L) there was a significant increase in growth compared with the controls, suggesting a hormetic effect.

title: Applying @entity1017 in Pomacea lineata (SPIX 1824) (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) as a measure of herbicide XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraquat']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Pomacea lineata, an extremely ubiquitous snail and pest to @entity579 farmers throughout Asia, holds promise as a valuable resource for monitoring water quality in northeast Brazil. In this paper, we present data demonstrating the rate of @entity1017 in P. lineata neonates as a consistent measure of the stress imposed by sublethal concentrations of the herbicides @entity6453 and Round-up. Our secondary agenda is to demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating bioassay into the standard municipal and state procedure of monitoring water quality. Growth data to assess chronic @entity137 were generated in experiments of four and four, eight, twelve and sixteen days for @entity6453 and Round-up, respectively. We estimated a 96 h no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for @entity6453 of 0.12 and 0.25 mg/L. The 96 h Round-up data yielded NOEC and LOEC values, respectively, of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L. All concentrations of Round-up tested for the 192 h exposure yielded significantly lower growth than the control. Consequently, no NOEC could be derived. The LOEC was < 0.12 mg/L. Furthermore, there was no mortality during the test. At the lowest concentrations of @entity6453 tested (0.005 mg/L) there was a significant increase in growth compared with the controls, suggesting a hormetic effect.

title: Applying XXXX in Pomacea lineata (SPIX 1824) (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) as a measure of herbicide @entity137 .

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity1 with drug-refractory focal @entity302 , nonlesional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or discordant data of presurgical standard investigations leads to failure generating a sufficient hypothesis for electrode implantation or @entity302 surgery. The @entity410 -onset zone can be further investigated by subtraction ictal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) coregistered to MRI (SISCOM). This is an observational study of a large consecutive cohort of @entity1 undergoing prospective SISCOM to generate hypothesis for electrode implantation or site of @entity302 surgery. METHODS: One hundred seventy-five consecutive @entity1 undergoing presurgical evaluation with either nonlesional MRI or discordant data of standard investigations preventing the generation of hypothesis for @entity410 onset were evaluated with SISCOM. Results were compared to gold standard for @entity410 onset detection, either electrocorticography (ECoG) and/or postoperative outcome. KEY FINDINGS: One hundred thirty @entity1 had successful SPECT injection. Hypothesis for electrode implantation/site of surgery was generated in 74 @entity1 . Forty @entity1 had gold standard comparison. Twenty-eight @entity1 underwent resective surgery. SISCOM was concordant to site of surgery in 82%. An additional 12 @entity1 underwent invasive EEG monitoring but were not suitable for surgery. SISCOM was concordant multifocal in 75%. Two years postsurgical follow-up of 26 @entity1 showed favorable outcome in 22 (Engel class I and class II). SIGNIFICANCE: SISCOM is a highly valuable diagnostic tool to localize the @entity410 -onset zone in nonlesional and extratemporal @entity302 . Outcome in this @entity1 group was unexpectedly good, even in @entity1 with nonlesional MRI. The high correlation with ECoG and site of successful surgery is a strong indicator that outcome prediction in this @entity1 group should be adapted accordingly, which may encourage more @entity1 to undergo electrode implantation and subsequent successful surgery. Statistical analysis showed that SISCOM with shorter duration of @entity410 , focal @entity410 , and lesional MRI was more likely to generate implantation hypothesis.

title: Prospective use of subtraction ictal SPECT coregistered to MRI (SISCOM) in presurgical evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Release of the neuronal protein @entity4483 into the circulation has been suggested as a specific indication of @entity528 . The hypothesis that @entity4483 is a useful and cost-effective screening tool for the management of minor @entity542 was tested. METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 sustaining isolated @entity542 were prospectively evaluated in the emergency room of a Brazilian hospital by routine cranial computed tomography scan. Venous blood samples (processed to serum) were assayed for @entity4483 using a newly developed immunoassay test kit. Twenty-one normal healthy individuals served as negative controls. Data are presented as median and 25 to 75 percentiles. RESULTS: @entity1 reached the emergency room an average of 45 minutes (range: 30-62 minutes) after @entity542 . Six of 50 @entity1 (12%) showed relevant posttraumatic lesions in the initial cranial computed tomography scan and were counted as positive. The median systemic concentration of @entity4483 in those @entity1 was 0.75 microg/L (range: 0.66-6.5 microg/L), which was significantly different (U-test, P < .05) from the median concentration of 0.26 microg/L (range: 0.12-0.65 microg/L), of @entity1 without posttraumatic lesions as counted by the cranial computed tomography. A sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 20%, a positive predictive value of 15%, and a negative predictive value of 100% was calculated for the detection of @entity1 suffering from @entity1504 . CONCLUSIONS: Protein @entity4483 had a very high sensitivity and negative predictive value and could have an important role in ruling out the need for cranial computed tomography scan after @entity542 . This appears to be of substantial clinical relevance, particularly in countries where @entity130 incidence is high and medical resources are limited, such as in Brazil.

title: Measurement of @entity4483 for risk classification of victims sustaining XXXX --first pilot study in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['minor head injury', 'head injuries']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['minor head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Release of the neuronal protein @entity4483 into the circulation has been suggested as a specific indication of @entity528 . The hypothesis that @entity4483 is a useful and cost-effective screening tool for the management of minor @entity542 was tested. METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 sustaining isolated @entity542 were prospectively evaluated in the emergency room of a Brazilian hospital by routine cranial computed tomography scan. Venous blood samples (processed to serum) were assayed for @entity4483 using a newly developed immunoassay test kit. Twenty-one normal healthy individuals served as negative controls. Data are presented as median and 25 to 75 percentiles. RESULTS: @entity1 reached the emergency room an average of 45 minutes (range: 30-62 minutes) after @entity542 . Six of 50 @entity1 (12%) showed relevant posttraumatic lesions in the initial cranial computed tomography scan and were counted as positive. The median systemic concentration of @entity4483 in those @entity1 was 0.75 microg/L (range: 0.66-6.5 microg/L), which was significantly different (U-test, P < .05) from the median concentration of 0.26 microg/L (range: 0.12-0.65 microg/L), of @entity1 without posttraumatic lesions as counted by the cranial computed tomography. A sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 20%, a positive predictive value of 15%, and a negative predictive value of 100% was calculated for the detection of @entity1 suffering from @entity1504 . CONCLUSIONS: Protein @entity4483 had a very high sensitivity and negative predictive value and could have an important role in ruling out the need for cranial computed tomography scan after @entity542 . This appears to be of substantial clinical relevance, particularly in countries where @entity130 incidence is high and medical resources are limited, such as in Brazil.

title: Measurement of XXXX for risk classification of victims sustaining @entity542 --first pilot study in Brazil.

answer: @entity4483 :: (6285,Gene) :: ['S-100B']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity161 and @entity2438 are clinically distinct yet both disorders are characterised by theory of mind (ToM) deficits. @entity2438 individuals fail to appreciate false beliefs, yet understand the causal connections between behavioural events and simple emotions. Findings of this type have promoted the view that @entity51 in @entity2438 reflect a domain-specific difficulty with appreciating the representational nature of epistemic mental states (i.e., beliefs and intentions and not emotions). This study examines whether the same holds true for @entity161 . METHODS: A picture-sequencing task assessed capacity to infer false beliefs in @entity1 with @entity161 and healthy controls. To assess emotion attribution, @entity1 were shown cartoon strips of events likely to elicit strong emotional reactions in story characters. Characters' faces were blanked out. @entity1 were instructed to think about how the characters would be feeling in order to match up the cards depicting facial affect appropriately. @entity1 later named emotions depicted in facial affect cards. RESULTS: @entity1 were as capable as controls of identifying cartoon facial expressions, yet had greater difficulties with: (a) attributing emotions based on circumstances; and (b) inferring false beliefs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity161 @entity1 , unlike @entity2438 individuals, suffer a domain-general difficulty with empathetic perspective-taking that affects equally their appreciation of other @entity1 's beliefs, percepts, and emotions.

title: Empathetic perspective-taking is impaired in XXXX : evidence from a study of emotion attribution and theory of mind.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['ToM deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['Autistic', 'autism', 'autistic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This ecologic study examined the geographic distribution of @entity1778 in Ohio, 1996-2000, among @entity1 aged 0-19 for evidence that population mixing may be a factor. PROCEDURE: (1) State incidence rates were compared to Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) rates for each year and for the 5-year period, 1996-2000; (2) incidence rates for each of Ohio's 88 counties were compared to statewide rates; and (3) county incidence rates were compared based on population density, population growth, and rural/urban locale. SEER*Stat version 5.0 was used to derive age-specific and 0-19 age-adjusted rates. Expected values, standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), and Poisson P-values were calculated with Excel using the indirect method of standardization. RESULTS: Of the 585 cases, 73.3% were @entity981 ( @entity981 ), 16.6% @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), 3.2% @entity9020 ( @entity9020 ), and 2.6% @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). Rates for @entity1778 burden were significantly below national levels for all races (P = 0.00001), likely due to poor ascertainment of cases. Yearly incidence rates for 1996-2000 were stable for @entity981 and @entity3052 ; @entity1860 rates declined over the period. Based on 2000 Census and intercensal population estimates for 1996-2000, statistically higher rates for @entity981 were noted for counties experiencing >10% population change 1990-2000 (P < 0.05), especially for ages 1-4 (P < 0.03) in counties with 10-20% growth. Counties 67.9-99.2% urban experienced fewer than expected cases of @entity3052 + @entity9020 (P < 0.06). CONCLUSION: Data support Kinlen's theory of population mixing and warrant further studies in Ohio, the US and other countries.

title: Evidence of population mixing based on the geographical distribution of XXXX in Ohio.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity9020 :: ('MESH:D007948', 'Disease') :: ['AMoL', 'acute monocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['total leukemia', 'childhood leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: Recent interest in adverse effects of infrasound on organisms arises from health concerns. We assessed the association between infrasound exposure of 5 Hz at 130 dB and changes of cardiac ultrastructure and function in @entity35 . Thirty-two @entity35 were randomized into control, 1, 7, and 14 days groups for 2 h of infrasound once daily according to planned schedules. Changes of cardiac ultrastructure, hemodynamics indices, intracellular @entity141 concentrations ([ @entity141 ](i)), and sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -ATPase 2 ( @entity11474 ) were detected. Heart rates in 1 day group were significantly increased compared with control group and no significant changes in other groups. @entity1002 were significantly increased with time. Left ventricular diastolic end pressure and maximum rising rates of left ventricular pressure (+dl/dt) were significantly increased in 7 and 14 days groups and not changed in 1 day group, compared with control group. Maximum dropping rates of left ventricular pressure (-dl/dt) were significantly decreased in 7 and 14 days groups and not changed in 1 day group, compared with control group. In heart cells, there were several swelled mitochondria in 1 day group, more swelled mitochondria in 7 days group, @entity1423 in the intercellular substance in 14 days group. [ @entity141 ](i) were significantly increased with time. There was a significant increase in @entity11474 in 1 day group, while a significant decrease in 7 and 14 days groups, compared with control group. Infrasound of 5 Hz at 130 dB can damage cardiac ultrastructure and function. Changes of [ @entity141 ](i) and @entity11474 play an important role in the secondary cardiac damage.

title: Infrasound-induced hemodynamics, ultrastructure, and molecular changes in the XXXX myocardium.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular systolic pressures']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Recent studies suggested that different types of OFF bipolar cells express specific types of ionotropic ( @entity140 or @entity4176 ) @entity2227 receptors (GluRs) at their contacts with cone pedicles. However, the question of which GluR type is expressed by which type of OFF bipolar cell in primate retina is still open. In this study, the expression of @entity140 and @entity4176 receptor subunits at the @entity162 (FMB) cells was analyzed in the retina of the @entity7533 , @entity7533 . We used preembedding electron microscopy and double immunofluorescence with subunit-specific antibodies. The FMB cells were labeled with antibodies against the @entity1735 epitope CD15. Cone pedicles were identified with peanut agglutinin. Immunoreactivity for the GluR1 subunit and for CD15 is preferentially located at triad-associated flat contacts. Furthermore, the large majority of GluR1 immunoreactive puncta is localized at the dendritic tips of FMB cells. These results suggest that FMB cells express the @entity140 receptor subunit GluR1. In contrast, the @entity4176 receptor subunit GluR5 is not colocalized with the dendritic tips of FMB cells or with the GluR1 subunit. Immunoreactive puncta for the GluR1 subunit are found at all M/L-cone pedicles but are only rarely associated with S-cone pedicles. This is consistent with our recent findings in marmoset retina that FMB cells do not contact S-cone pedicles. The presence of GluR5 clusters at S-cone pedicles indicates that in primate retinas OFF bipolar cells expressing @entity4176 receptor subunits receive some S-cone input.

title: OFF midget bipolar cells in the retina of the marmoset, @entity7533 , express XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic tips of flat (OFF) midget bipolar']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['Callithrix jacchus', 'common marmoset']

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: Recent studies suggested that different types of OFF bipolar cells express specific types of ionotropic ( @entity140 or @entity4176 ) @entity2227 receptors (GluRs) at their contacts with cone pedicles. However, the question of which GluR type is expressed by which type of OFF bipolar cell in primate retina is still open. In this study, the expression of @entity140 and @entity4176 receptor subunits at the @entity162 (FMB) cells was analyzed in the retina of the @entity7533 , @entity7533 . We used preembedding electron microscopy and double immunofluorescence with subunit-specific antibodies. The FMB cells were labeled with antibodies against the @entity1735 epitope CD15. Cone pedicles were identified with peanut agglutinin. Immunoreactivity for the GluR1 subunit and for CD15 is preferentially located at triad-associated flat contacts. Furthermore, the large majority of GluR1 immunoreactive puncta is localized at the dendritic tips of FMB cells. These results suggest that FMB cells express the @entity140 receptor subunit GluR1. In contrast, the @entity4176 receptor subunit GluR5 is not colocalized with the dendritic tips of FMB cells or with the GluR1 subunit. Immunoreactive puncta for the GluR1 subunit are found at all M/L-cone pedicles but are only rarely associated with S-cone pedicles. This is consistent with our recent findings in marmoset retina that FMB cells do not contact S-cone pedicles. The presence of GluR5 clusters at S-cone pedicles indicates that in primate retinas OFF bipolar cells expressing @entity4176 receptor subunits receive some S-cone input.

title: OFF midget bipolar cells in the retina of the marmoset, XXXX , express @entity140 receptors.

answer: @entity7533 :: (9483,Species) :: ['Callithrix jacchus']


abstract: Between October 1987 and November 1988, 95 European @entity1 with @entity1358 have been treated with recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) (EuroCetus) at 18 X 10(6) IU/m2/day (equivalent to 3 X 10(6) Cetus Units/m2/day) according to the West schedule in two trials. 1. Forty-two @entity1 received @entity5041 alone. Median time between initial diagnosis and @entity3 was three months. Eighty-one percent of the @entity1 had at least two involved sites at inclusion and 86% underwent prior nephrectomy. Twenty-seven @entity1 (64%) received two successive courses. Over 80% of the planned dose was administered in 69% and 44% of @entity1 during courses 1 and 2, respectively. Fever, @entity551 , @entity1017 , rise in @entity1011 level, @entity99 , @entity417 and @entity882 were commonly observed but resolved promptly after completion of therapy. No @entity137 was recorded. Two (6%) complete responses (CR), four (13%) partial responses (PR), four @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and 22 @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were observed. The response rate is 6/32 (19%); the median progression-free survival time is not reached at 218+ days (92-394). 2. Fifty-three @entity1 received @entity5041 with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Median time from primary diagnosis to @entity3 was three months. Eighty-five percent of @entity1 had at least two involved sites though 73% had previously undergone nephrectomy. Forty @entity1 (75%) received two successive induction courses. Most @entity1 , i.e. respectively, 77% and 60%, were given at least 80% of the planned dose during courses 1 and 2. Median numbers of LAK cells infused were 13.1 and 11.6 X 10(9) nucleated cells per course, respectively. @entity137 was not different from that described above; no @entity137 occurred; five CR (10%), nine PR (18%), 11 @entity66 and 26 @entity74 were observed. The response rate is 14/51 (27%) and the median progression-free survival time is not reached at 7.2+ months (3-13.1). In conclusion, @entity5041 , with or without LAK cells, is obviously active on @entity1358 . The difference in response rate between the two trials is not statistically significant but has to be paralleled with the difference in dose received by the @entity1 rather than with the addition of a cellular therapy. @entity137 was always manageable and reversible. The association of @entity5041 with other lymphokines should represent a major issue to improve the response rate and will be considered in further European studies.

title: @entity1199 with or without LAK cells in XXXX : a report of a European multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic death', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable diseases', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive diseases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Between October 1987 and November 1988, 95 European @entity1 with @entity1358 have been treated with recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) (EuroCetus) at 18 X 10(6) IU/m2/day (equivalent to 3 X 10(6) Cetus Units/m2/day) according to the West schedule in two trials. 1. Forty-two @entity1 received @entity5041 alone. Median time between initial diagnosis and @entity3 was three months. Eighty-one percent of the @entity1 had at least two involved sites at inclusion and 86% underwent prior nephrectomy. Twenty-seven @entity1 (64%) received two successive courses. Over 80% of the planned dose was administered in 69% and 44% of @entity1 during courses 1 and 2, respectively. Fever, @entity551 , @entity1017 , rise in @entity1011 level, @entity99 , @entity417 and @entity882 were commonly observed but resolved promptly after completion of therapy. No @entity137 was recorded. Two (6%) complete responses (CR), four (13%) partial responses (PR), four @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and 22 @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were observed. The response rate is 6/32 (19%); the median progression-free survival time is not reached at 218+ days (92-394). 2. Fifty-three @entity1 received @entity5041 with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. Median time from primary diagnosis to @entity3 was three months. Eighty-five percent of @entity1 had at least two involved sites though 73% had previously undergone nephrectomy. Forty @entity1 (75%) received two successive induction courses. Most @entity1 , i.e. respectively, 77% and 60%, were given at least 80% of the planned dose during courses 1 and 2. Median numbers of LAK cells infused were 13.1 and 11.6 X 10(9) nucleated cells per course, respectively. @entity137 was not different from that described above; no @entity137 occurred; five CR (10%), nine PR (18%), 11 @entity66 and 26 @entity74 were observed. The response rate is 14/51 (27%) and the median progression-free survival time is not reached at 7.2+ months (3-13.1). In conclusion, @entity5041 , with or without LAK cells, is obviously active on @entity1358 . The difference in response rate between the two trials is not statistically significant but has to be paralleled with the difference in dose received by the @entity1 rather than with the addition of a cellular therapy. @entity137 was always manageable and reversible. The association of @entity5041 with other lymphokines should represent a major issue to improve the response rate and will be considered in further European studies.

title: XXXX with or without LAK cells in @entity1358 : a report of a European multicentre study.

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-2']


abstract: Analysis of local toxoplasma antibody production to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis of @entity6519 is a valuable diagnostic tool. Determination of toxoplasma antibodies in the blood of the @entity1 is of limited use. When blood toxoplasma tests are negative this indicates that toxoplasma as a causative organisms in the pathogenesis of @entity1596 is unlikely. A positive blood test is a sensitive test (100% @entity1 positive) but not a specific test since so many healthy individuals already have undergone subclinical infection and have acquired humoral immunity against the parasite. We analysed 93 paired aqueous and serum samples for toxoplasma antibodies and total IgG and determined the Goldmann-Wittmer coefficient. In @entity1 retrospectively diagnosed as having @entity6519 16 out of 22 had a positive coefficient, indicating local parasite antibody production. In one @entity1 with @entity791 we also found a positive toxoplasma coefficient. Three out of 15 @entity1 with posterior @entity1596 of unknown origin also had a positive coefficient. None of the @entity231 @entity1 tested (n = 32) had a positive coefficient. Major drawbacks of aqueous humor analysis are that a false negative antibody coefficient can occur when a massive blood aqueous barrier breakdown has occurred.

title: Aqueous humor analysis as a diagnostic tool in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasma chorioretinitis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['toxoplasma uveitis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Inconsistent data suggest that endogenous sex hormones may have a role in sex-dependent etiologies of @entity164 2 @entity6 , such that @entity3428 may increase risk in @entity1 while decreasing risk in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess studies evaluating the association of plasma levels of @entity251 , @entity443 ( @entity443 ), and @entity53 with risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 . DATA SOURCES: Systematic search of EMBASE and MEDLINE (1966-June 2005) for English-language articles using the keywords @entity6 , @entity251 , sex-hormone-binding-globulin, and @entity53 ; references of retrieved articles; and direct author contact. STUDY SELECTION: From 80 retrieved articles, 43 prospective and cross-sectional studies were identified, comprising 6974 @entity1 and 6427 @entity1 and presenting relative risks (RRs) or hormone levels for cases and controls. DATA EXTRACTION: Information on study design, @entity1 characteristics, hormone levels, and risk estimates were independently extracted by 2 investigators using a standardized protocol. DATA SYNTHESIS: Results were pooled using random effects and meta-regressions. Cross-sectional studies indicated that @entity251 level was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (mean difference, -76.6 ng/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -99.4 to -53.6) and higher in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 compared with controls (mean difference, 6.1 ng/dL; 95% CI, 2.3 to 10.1) (P<.001 for sex difference). Similarly, prospective studies showed that @entity1 with higher @entity251 levels (range, 449.6-605.2 ng/dL) had a 42% lower risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.87), while there was suggestion that @entity251 increased risk in @entity1 (P = .06 for sex difference). Cross-sectional and prospective studies both found that @entity443 was more protective in @entity1 than in @entity1 (P< or =.01 for sex difference for both), with prospective studies indicating that @entity1 with higher @entity443 levels (>60 vs < or =60 nmol/L) had an 80% lower risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 (RR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.30), while @entity1 with higher @entity443 levels (>28.3 vs < or =28.3 nmol/L) had a 52% lower risk (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.69). @entity53 levels were elevated among @entity1 and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity6 compared with controls (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review indicates that endogenous sex hormones may differentially modulate glycemic status and risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 in @entity1 and @entity1 . High @entity251 levels are associated with higher risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 in @entity1 but with lower risk in @entity1 ; the inverse association of @entity443 with risk was stronger in @entity1 than in @entity1 .

title: Sex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of XXXX 2 @entity6 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', 'Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: CONTEXT: Inconsistent data suggest that endogenous sex hormones may have a role in sex-dependent etiologies of @entity164 2 @entity6 , such that @entity3428 may increase risk in @entity1 while decreasing risk in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess studies evaluating the association of plasma levels of @entity251 , @entity443 ( @entity443 ), and @entity53 with risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 . DATA SOURCES: Systematic search of EMBASE and MEDLINE (1966-June 2005) for English-language articles using the keywords @entity6 , @entity251 , sex-hormone-binding-globulin, and @entity53 ; references of retrieved articles; and direct author contact. STUDY SELECTION: From 80 retrieved articles, 43 prospective and cross-sectional studies were identified, comprising 6974 @entity1 and 6427 @entity1 and presenting relative risks (RRs) or hormone levels for cases and controls. DATA EXTRACTION: Information on study design, @entity1 characteristics, hormone levels, and risk estimates were independently extracted by 2 investigators using a standardized protocol. DATA SYNTHESIS: Results were pooled using random effects and meta-regressions. Cross-sectional studies indicated that @entity251 level was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (mean difference, -76.6 ng/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -99.4 to -53.6) and higher in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 compared with controls (mean difference, 6.1 ng/dL; 95% CI, 2.3 to 10.1) (P<.001 for sex difference). Similarly, prospective studies showed that @entity1 with higher @entity251 levels (range, 449.6-605.2 ng/dL) had a 42% lower risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.87), while there was suggestion that @entity251 increased risk in @entity1 (P = .06 for sex difference). Cross-sectional and prospective studies both found that @entity443 was more protective in @entity1 than in @entity1 (P< or =.01 for sex difference for both), with prospective studies indicating that @entity1 with higher @entity443 levels (>60 vs < or =60 nmol/L) had an 80% lower risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 (RR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.30), while @entity1 with higher @entity443 levels (>28.3 vs < or =28.3 nmol/L) had a 52% lower risk (RR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.69). @entity53 levels were elevated among @entity1 and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity6 compared with controls (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review indicates that endogenous sex hormones may differentially modulate glycemic status and risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 in @entity1 and @entity1 . High @entity251 levels are associated with higher risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 in @entity1 but with lower risk in @entity1 ; the inverse association of @entity443 with risk was stronger in @entity1 than in @entity1 .

title: Sex differences of endogenous sex hormones and risk of @entity164 2 XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no current consensus regarding the optimal bladder volumes in definitive radiotherapy for @entity263 . The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the bladder volume and optimal treatment planning in radiotherapy for @entity263 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two hundred and forty-three @entity1 underwent definitive radiotherapy with helical tomotherapy for intermediate- and high-risk @entity263 . The prescribed dose defined as 95% of the planning target volume ( @entity343 ) receiving     100% of the prescription dose was 76 Gy in 38 fractions. The clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as the prostate with a 5-mm margin and 2 cm of the proximal seminal vesicle. The @entity343 was defined as the CTV with a 5-mm margin. Treatment plans were optimized to satisfy the dose constraints defined by in-house protocols for @entity343 and organs at risk (rectum wall, bladder wall, sigmoid colon and small intestine). If all dose constraints were satisfied, the plan was defined as an optimal plan (OP). RESULTS: An OP was achieved with 203 @entity1 (84%). Mean bladder volume (   1 SD) was 266 ml (   130 ml) among those with an OP and 214 ml (  130 ml) among those without an OP (p = 0.02). Logistic regression analysis also showed that bladder volumes below 150 ml decreased the possibility of achieving an OP. However, the percentage of @entity1 with an OP showed a plateau effect at bladder volumes above 150 ml. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder volume is a significant factor affecting OP rates. However, our results suggest that bladder volumes exceeding 150 ml may not help meet planning dose constraints.

title: The relationship between the bladder volume and optimal treatment planning in definitive radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of the non-ergot @entity935 agonist @entity25049 (RPN) in @entity1 with @entity191 in Spain, and to examine its effectiveness and tolerability in both monotherapy and combination therapy. METHODS: Fifty-two investigators participated in this study. @entity1 receiving RPN under usual clinical care conditions in Spanish Neurology outpatient clinic settings were identified (n=643) out of these, a random sample of 423 clinical records of @entity1 treated with RPN in the previous 18 months was selected. The endpoints analyzed were: percentage of @entity1 remaining on treatment during the period of study (maintenance), reported adverse reactions and treatment withdrawal (tolerability), changes in symptoms' severity as assessed by the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale (effectiveness), and start-to-end mean RPN dose. RESULTS: @entity1 were 68.6+/-9.7 years old (mean+/-SD) and 57.6% were male. RPN was administered as monotherapy (24%) or add-on treatment (76%). The mean maintenance dose was 9.54+/-5.34mg/day. Adverse reactions were reported by 28.6% @entity1 , the most frequent being somnolence and sedation (9.2%), @entity344 (6.9%), increase in @entity910 (5.9%), and orthostatic symptoms (3.8%). Treatment was withdrawn in 14.4% of @entity1 , because of adverse reactions (5.9%), lack of efficacy (2.1%), change in treatment or clinical trial inclusion (1.9%) or other reasons (4.5%). Neurologists considered that improvement was achieved in 81.5% of @entity1 , according to CGI-I scale. CONCLUSIONS: The low incidence of adverse reactions and low rate of treatment withdrawal observed in this study support the effectiveness and tolerability of RPN in the treatment of @entity191 .

title: A multicentre retrospective study of the clinical use of @entity25049 in the treatment of XXXX : the ROPI-PARK study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity25049 :: ('MESH:C046649', 'Chemical') :: ['ropinirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the use of the non-ergot @entity935 agonist @entity25049 (RPN) in @entity1 with @entity191 in Spain, and to examine its effectiveness and tolerability in both monotherapy and combination therapy. METHODS: Fifty-two investigators participated in this study. @entity1 receiving RPN under usual clinical care conditions in Spanish Neurology outpatient clinic settings were identified (n=643) out of these, a random sample of 423 clinical records of @entity1 treated with RPN in the previous 18 months was selected. The endpoints analyzed were: percentage of @entity1 remaining on treatment during the period of study (maintenance), reported adverse reactions and treatment withdrawal (tolerability), changes in symptoms' severity as assessed by the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale (effectiveness), and start-to-end mean RPN dose. RESULTS: @entity1 were 68.6+/-9.7 years old (mean+/-SD) and 57.6% were male. RPN was administered as monotherapy (24%) or add-on treatment (76%). The mean maintenance dose was 9.54+/-5.34mg/day. Adverse reactions were reported by 28.6% @entity1 , the most frequent being somnolence and sedation (9.2%), @entity344 (6.9%), increase in @entity910 (5.9%), and orthostatic symptoms (3.8%). Treatment was withdrawn in 14.4% of @entity1 , because of adverse reactions (5.9%), lack of efficacy (2.1%), change in treatment or clinical trial inclusion (1.9%) or other reasons (4.5%). Neurologists considered that improvement was achieved in 81.5% of @entity1 , according to CGI-I scale. CONCLUSIONS: The low incidence of adverse reactions and low rate of treatment withdrawal observed in this study support the effectiveness and tolerability of RPN in the treatment of @entity191 .

title: A multicentre retrospective study of the clinical use of XXXX in the treatment of @entity191 : the ROPI-PARK study.

answer: @entity25049 :: (MESH:C046649,Chemical) :: ['ropinirole']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the feasibility and early @entity137 of dose-escalated image-guided IMRT to the pelvic @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ), prostate (P), and seminal vesicles (SV). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 103 high-risk @entity263 @entity1 received two-phase, dose-escalated, image-guided IMRT with 3 years of @entity342 deprivation therapy. Clinical target volumes (CTVs) were delineated using computed tomography/magnetic resonance co-registration and included the prostate, portions of the SV, and the @entity1600 . Planning target volume margins ( @entity343 ) used were as follows: P (10 mm, 7 mm posteriorly), SV (10 mm), and @entity1600 (5 mm). Organs at risk (OaR) were the rectal and bladder walls, femoral heads, and large and small bowel. The IMRT was planned with an intended dose of 55.1 Gy in 29 fractions to all CTVs (Phase 1), with P+SV consecutive boost of 24.7 Gy in 13 fractions. Daily online image guidance was performed using bony landmarks and intraprostatic markers. Feasibility criteria included delivery of intended doses in 80% of @entity1 , 95% of CTV displacements incorporated within @entity343 during Phase 1, and acute @entity137 rate comparable to that of lower-dose pelvic techniques. RESULTS: A total of 91 @entity1 (88%) received the total prescription dose. All @entity1 received at least 72 Gy. In Phase 1, 63 @entity1 (61%) received the intended 55.1 Gy, whereas 87% of @entity1 received at least 50 Gy. Dose reductions were caused by small bowel and rectal wall constraints. All CTVs received the planned dose in >95% of treatment fractions. There were no Radiation Therapy Oncology Group acute @entity137 greater than Grade 3, although there were five incidences equivalent to Grade 3 within a median follow-up of 23 months. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that dose escalation to the PLN+P+SV using IMRT is feasible, with acceptable rates of acute @entity137 .

title: Clinical application of high-dose, image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy in high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The cause of detrusor instability and @entity322 remains elusive. Although @entity6684 is most prevalent at the extremes of age, GSI becomes more common with aging and @entity1 bearing, and therefore @entity322 is common, especially after menopause. Cystometry is used to diagnosis detrusor instability, but urethral closure pressure profilometry is required for assessment of @entity322 . @entity6684 is managed initially by behavioral therapy, and if this is not satisfactory then FES should be used depending upon availability. Drug therapy should start with @entity11440 at 2.5 to 5 mg twice-daily and increased as necessary to control symptoms. If the effects of therapy are minimal or side effects are too great, other medications or medication combinations should be tried. When the @entity1 does not respond to this level of therapy, transvesical @entity3971 injections should be considered, or, alternatively, a sacral selective neurolysis or neurectomy should be considered. Finally, invasive procedures will have to be considered starting with bladder transection, especially for the @entity1 showing response to medication but intolerant of side effects. Mixed @entity322 should be approached with conservative measures for each component. FES or @entity2645 therapy may help both conditions. If conservative therapy is not beneficial, surgical correction for GSI should be undertaken, with the knowledge that 35 to 50 per cent of @entity1 will also have cure of @entity6684 , while the remainder can be treated medically for the @entity6684 .

title: Etiology and management of detrusor instability and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['mixed incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['mixed incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: Locally advanced @entity135 ( @entity135 ) with bone and cartilage invasion (BCI) or those with soft-tissue invasion (STI) have been treated with resection followedup with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or definitive CRT. However, locoregional recurrence remained a large component of treatment failure. High-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (BT) has been used for dose escalation to further prevent local relapse. This is a review of our experience. METHODS AND MATERIALS: T4N0-3M0 locally advanced oral cavity and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) @entity1 underwent definitive CRT or radiotherapy (RT) followedup with brachytherapy (BT). RT doses ranged from 45 to 50.4Gy. The @entity1 were reassessed at this dose and if response was inadequate, @entity1 underwent BT. BT doses ranged from 24 to 30Gy at 3-4Gy per fraction BID with 6h in between fractions. Concurrent chemotherapy was @entity902 based. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were treated with CRT or RT alone followed by BT. Thirteen @entity1 had STI and 7 had BCI; 14 @entity1 were treated with CRT followed by BT; and 6 @entity1 were treated with RT alone followed by BT. Five-year locoregional control was 61%. Five-year overall survival was 29%. When we excluded the @entity1 treated with RT alone, 5-year overall survival was 36%. Nodal status was the only prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests CRT followedup with BT for @entity1 with T4 locally advanced @entity135 of the oral cavity, and oropharynx is a feasible treatment option. In @entity1 with poor response to CRT, BT may be used for dose escalation to increase locoregional control.

title: Interstitial brachytherapy as boost for locally advanced T4 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['SCCHN', 'squamous cell cancers of the head and neck']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCCA']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: @entity166 is a @entity262 associated with high morbidity and mortality. Clinical recognition and effective management is challenging, but insights can be gleaned from relevant pathologic features. Risk factors include @entity475 , possibly certain other @entity154 , and @entity2259 . Auscultation can provide clues regarding valvular involvment, particularly when a diastolic left basilar murmur of @entity337 is present. @entity886 and insufficiency may also alter femoral arterial pulse characteristics. Echocardiography may facilitate diagnosis, particularly with @entity886 , but may not be able to distinguish between small @entity339 and early chronic @entity179 . @entity75 develop along edges of valve closure on the ventricular aspect of the aortic valve and the atrial surface of @entity340 . They may extend across valve leaflet, from valves to adjacent left atrial endocardium, interventricular or interatrial septum, or chordae tendineae. Vegetations can be friable and frequently embolize to spleen, kidney, and left ventricle - often before clinical recognition of the disease. @entity340 develops as a consequence of @entity340 , @entity39 , perforation, or @entity397 of the chordae tendineae. Histopathologic appearance varies with respect to duration of disease and antimicrobial therapy. These factors influence the amount of @entity39 material, @entity4461 , fibrin, and inflammatory cells which make up the vegetations. Bacteria are not always identified in @entity340 , especially following antibacterial therapy, but may be detected in other organs. Common sequellae include @entity712 , @entity295 , @entity943 , and systemic organ @entity1188 .

title: Pathologic and clinical features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve vegetations']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Vegetative lesions']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic valve vegetations', 'aortic valve lesions']

entities_list: @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative valve disease']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clot']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['Valvular insufficiency', 'valvular lesions', 'valvular vegetations', 'atrioventricular valves']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious endocarditis']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate any differences in ventricular pre-excitation secondary to @entity3153 in the aged compared to young and adult @entity1 . METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">a clinical study was performed using a comparative prospective criterion with retrospective analysis. The duration of follow-up ranged between one and ten years. SETTING: the series was collected from the Cardiology Clinic of the Health District and the Cardiology Division of Gorizia, both forming part of no. 2 Isontina Health Service. @entity1 OR @entity1 : the series included 17 @entity1 suffering from @entity3153 who were divided into two study groups: 9 elderly @entity1 and 8 young @entity1 . The latter were subdivided into a first subgroup of 4 cases with @entity3153 with ECG positive for the presence of delta waves, and a second subgroup also with @entity3153 secondary to bundle. INTERVENTIONS: some young @entity1 with @entity3153 who were symptomatic for @entity591 underwent ablative surgery with radiofrequency of the bundle. PARAMETERS: all @entity1 underwent cardiological screening focused in particular on surface electrocardiogram. Those cases with @entity3153 with occult bundle underwent transesophageal electrostimulation to find the conduction threshold of the anomalous bundle. RESULTS: Adult-elderly @entity1 : six subjects were diagnosed with antero-septal and left ventricular Kent's bundle (type B common) and 3 cases with Mahaim-Wiston bundle (type A rare). Surface ECG revealed the presence of @entity4346 in 6 cases, @entity1347 and total block of the left branch in 3 cases, as well as @entity296 correlated to @entity3153 . Young @entity1 : four out of this group were affected by Kent's bundle with type B @entity3153 and the same number suffered from the same syndrome caused by occult bundle. @entity1 in the first subgroup showed an antero-septal, transitional and left ventricular orientation of Kent's bundle, with the onset of 2 cases of orthodromic and antidromic reciprocal rhythm respectively and 1 case of @entity955 . The refractory nature of the anomalous pathway was not very high in 2 cases, equal to 60 milliseconds and 240 milliseconds with the proposed ablation of the anomalous bundle.

title: [Ventricular pre-excitation in XXXX in the aged].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial pseudonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior hemiblock']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome', 'Wolff Parkinson White syndrome']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff Parkinson White syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The main goals of this study were (1) to carry out a retrospective study of the prevalence of left apical systolic heart murmurs, which are considered to clinically reflect the presence of @entity340 , in the 6 small @entity235 breeds most popular in France, i.e., Yorkshire Terrier, Bichon Maltese, Dachshund, Poodle, Lhassa Apso and Shi Tzu and (2) to compare the results with those obtained in a recent report published by our group on @entity340 in 451 CKC. BACKGROUND: @entity340 ( @entity340 ) has been extensively studied in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKC) but seldom studied and compared in other small-breed @entity235 . The first clinical sign of @entity340 is the early appearance of a left apical systolic heart murmur. ANIMALS: Nine hundred and forty-two adult @entity235 were included in the present study (mean+/-SD, age=6.5+/-4.4 years, weight=6.2+/-2.6kg). RESULTS: The average total prevalence of left apical systolic heart murmur was 14.4% compared with 40.6% in CKC. It was significantly more prevalent in males (18.5%) than in females (9.8%). Shi Tzu and Dachshunds were the most affected breeds investigated. Most (81%) of the @entity235 with left apical systolic murmur were classified in ISACHC @entity712 class I. CONCLUSION: This large retrospective study suggests that the prevalence of @entity340 is higher in CKC than in the 6 small breeds investigated. Moreover, most of the @entity235 do not develop @entity712 .

title: Retrospective study of 942 small-sized @entity235 : Prevalence of left apical systolic heart murmur and XXXX , critical effects of breed and sex.

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['MVD', 'Mitral valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['left-sided heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The main goals of this study were (1) to carry out a retrospective study of the prevalence of left apical systolic heart murmurs, which are considered to clinically reflect the presence of @entity340 , in the 6 small @entity235 breeds most popular in France, i.e., Yorkshire Terrier, Bichon Maltese, Dachshund, Poodle, Lhassa Apso and Shi Tzu and (2) to compare the results with those obtained in a recent report published by our group on @entity340 in 451 CKC. BACKGROUND: @entity340 ( @entity340 ) has been extensively studied in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKC) but seldom studied and compared in other small-breed @entity235 . The first clinical sign of @entity340 is the early appearance of a left apical systolic heart murmur. ANIMALS: Nine hundred and forty-two adult @entity235 were included in the present study (mean+/-SD, age=6.5+/-4.4 years, weight=6.2+/-2.6kg). RESULTS: The average total prevalence of left apical systolic heart murmur was 14.4% compared with 40.6% in CKC. It was significantly more prevalent in males (18.5%) than in females (9.8%). Shi Tzu and Dachshunds were the most affected breeds investigated. Most (81%) of the @entity235 with left apical systolic murmur were classified in ISACHC @entity712 class I. CONCLUSION: This large retrospective study suggests that the prevalence of @entity340 is higher in CKC than in the 6 small breeds investigated. Moreover, most of the @entity235 do not develop @entity712 .

title: Retrospective study of 942 small-sized XXXX : Prevalence of left apical systolic heart murmur and @entity712 , critical effects of breed and sex.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']