abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The etiology of @entity1964 ( @entity1964 ) is unknown. Previous investigations have suggested that abnormal production of mucins may have an etiologic role. Recently, a series of @entity3558 genes have been identified. @entity5091 is the predominant @entity3558 expressed in @entity1 . The authors have shown previously in vitro that use of @entity5091 can prevent bacterial translocation. Based on this, it was hypothesized that those @entity1 with @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) would have an abnormal production of @entity5091 compared with normal @entity1 . METHODS: Fresh stool specimens were collected from @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1963 (with or without @entity1964 ) and from age-matched control @entity1 . Protein was extracted, and @entity5091 was detected with Western blot analysis. @entity5091 protein expression was quantified by densitometry measurements. Results are expressed as mean density +/- SD. Statistical comparison was done with unpaired t tests, with P less than.05 being considered significant. RESULTS: @entity5091 expression was detected in all control @entity1 (mean density, 121 +/- 47). @entity5091 level was lowest in one @entity1 with a viral-induced @entity294 (density = 71). In those @entity1 with @entity1963 , levels of @entity5091 protein expression were significantly lower (P <.05) than controls (12 +/- 15 for all @entity1963 @entity1 ). Levels of @entity5091 were lowest (nondetectable) in 2 @entity1963 @entity1 who had clinical evidence of @entity1964 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5091 production is markedly depressed in @entity1 with @entity1963 and is absent with @entity1964 . This decline in protein expression may result in a decrease in epithelial barrier function and be a predisposing factor in the development of @entity1964 .

title: @entity5091 @entity3558 production in @entity1963 : possible association with XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['HAEC', 'enterocolitis', "Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis"]

answer: @entity1964 :: (MESH:D004760,Disease) :: ['enterocolitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The etiology of @entity1964 ( @entity1964 ) is unknown. Previous investigations have suggested that abnormal production of mucins may have an etiologic role. Recently, a series of @entity3558 genes have been identified. @entity5091 is the predominant @entity3558 expressed in @entity1 . The authors have shown previously in vitro that use of @entity5091 can prevent bacterial translocation. Based on this, it was hypothesized that those @entity1 with @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) would have an abnormal production of @entity5091 compared with normal @entity1 . METHODS: Fresh stool specimens were collected from @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1963 (with or without @entity1964 ) and from age-matched control @entity1 . Protein was extracted, and @entity5091 was detected with Western blot analysis. @entity5091 protein expression was quantified by densitometry measurements. Results are expressed as mean density +/- SD. Statistical comparison was done with unpaired t tests, with P less than.05 being considered significant. RESULTS: @entity5091 expression was detected in all control @entity1 (mean density, 121 +/- 47). @entity5091 level was lowest in one @entity1 with a viral-induced @entity294 (density = 71). In those @entity1 with @entity1963 , levels of @entity5091 protein expression were significantly lower (P <.05) than controls (12 +/- 15 for all @entity1963 @entity1 ). Levels of @entity5091 were lowest (nondetectable) in 2 @entity1963 @entity1 who had clinical evidence of @entity1964 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5091 production is markedly depressed in @entity1 with @entity1963 and is absent with @entity1964 . This decline in protein expression may result in a decrease in epithelial barrier function and be a predisposing factor in the development of @entity1964 .

title: @entity5091 @entity3558 production in XXXX : possible association with @entity1964 development.

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The etiology of @entity1964 ( @entity1964 ) is unknown. Previous investigations have suggested that abnormal production of mucins may have an etiologic role. Recently, a series of @entity3558 genes have been identified. @entity5091 is the predominant @entity3558 expressed in @entity1 . The authors have shown previously in vitro that use of @entity5091 can prevent bacterial translocation. Based on this, it was hypothesized that those @entity1 with @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) would have an abnormal production of @entity5091 compared with normal @entity1 . METHODS: Fresh stool specimens were collected from @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1963 (with or without @entity1964 ) and from age-matched control @entity1 . Protein was extracted, and @entity5091 was detected with Western blot analysis. @entity5091 protein expression was quantified by densitometry measurements. Results are expressed as mean density +/- SD. Statistical comparison was done with unpaired t tests, with P less than.05 being considered significant. RESULTS: @entity5091 expression was detected in all control @entity1 (mean density, 121 +/- 47). @entity5091 level was lowest in one @entity1 with a viral-induced @entity294 (density = 71). In those @entity1 with @entity1963 , levels of @entity5091 protein expression were significantly lower (P <.05) than controls (12 +/- 15 for all @entity1963 @entity1 ). Levels of @entity5091 were lowest (nondetectable) in 2 @entity1963 @entity1 who had clinical evidence of @entity1964 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5091 production is markedly depressed in @entity1 with @entity1963 and is absent with @entity1964 . This decline in protein expression may result in a decrease in epithelial barrier function and be a predisposing factor in the development of @entity1964 .

title: XXXX @entity3558 production in @entity1963 : possible association with @entity1964 development.

answer: @entity5091 :: (4583,Gene) :: ['MUC-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The etiology of @entity1964 ( @entity1964 ) is unknown. Previous investigations have suggested that abnormal production of mucins may have an etiologic role. Recently, a series of @entity3558 genes have been identified. @entity5091 is the predominant @entity3558 expressed in @entity1 . The authors have shown previously in vitro that use of @entity5091 can prevent bacterial translocation. Based on this, it was hypothesized that those @entity1 with @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) would have an abnormal production of @entity5091 compared with normal @entity1 . METHODS: Fresh stool specimens were collected from @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1963 (with or without @entity1964 ) and from age-matched control @entity1 . Protein was extracted, and @entity5091 was detected with Western blot analysis. @entity5091 protein expression was quantified by densitometry measurements. Results are expressed as mean density +/- SD. Statistical comparison was done with unpaired t tests, with P less than.05 being considered significant. RESULTS: @entity5091 expression was detected in all control @entity1 (mean density, 121 +/- 47). @entity5091 level was lowest in one @entity1 with a viral-induced @entity294 (density = 71). In those @entity1 with @entity1963 , levels of @entity5091 protein expression were significantly lower (P <.05) than controls (12 +/- 15 for all @entity1963 @entity1 ). Levels of @entity5091 were lowest (nondetectable) in 2 @entity1963 @entity1 who had clinical evidence of @entity1964 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5091 production is markedly depressed in @entity1 with @entity1963 and is absent with @entity1964 . This decline in protein expression may result in a decrease in epithelial barrier function and be a predisposing factor in the development of @entity1964 .

title: @entity5091 XXXX production in @entity1963 : possible association with @entity1964 development.

answer: @entity3558 :: (100508689,Gene) :: ['mucin']


abstract: In the absence of specific antibody, opsonization of @entity328 may be mediated by the alternative complement pathway (AP) or by @entity1851 (CRP) via C1 binding. To determine the role of these mechanisms in pneumococcal (PNC) disease, we studied 19 @entity1 with differing severities of @entity7706 . C4 and CRP levels and zymosan-induced consumption of 50% hemolytic complement (CH50) were measured in specimens obtained acutely and then weekly. In @entity1 with complicated illness, the modified mean CH50 in acute sera was 178 +/- 57 U/ml, significantly lower than the mean CH50 of 331 +/- 80 U/ml in @entity1 with @entity221 (P less than 0.05). The values of the two groups on a given day approximated each other on days 7, 14, and 23. Consumption of complement by zymosan was also lower in acute sera of @entity1 with complicated illness, with a mean value of 19 +/- 18 U/ml compared with 58 +/- 30 U/ml in those with @entity221 (P less than 0.05). This difference was also seen on day 7 (P less than 0.05). Disease involving lower-numbered PNC serotypes (less than 10) correlated with reduced availability of AP factors in acute sera, independent of illness severity. Mean CRP levels were inversely related to @entity31156 -induced complement activation in @entity1 with complicated illness. These data suggest that in vivo depletion of AP factors is significantly greater in @entity1 with complicated illness and is associated with high CRP levels. CRP may enhance AP activation via C3 convertase generation and function with it as a preantibody host defense mechanism.

title: Relationships between alternative complement pathway activation, XXXX , and @entity7706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['PNC infection']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['uncomplicated illness']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: In the absence of specific antibody, opsonization of @entity328 may be mediated by the alternative complement pathway (AP) or by @entity1851 (CRP) via C1 binding. To determine the role of these mechanisms in pneumococcal (PNC) disease, we studied 19 @entity1 with differing severities of @entity7706 . C4 and CRP levels and zymosan-induced consumption of 50% hemolytic complement (CH50) were measured in specimens obtained acutely and then weekly. In @entity1 with complicated illness, the modified mean CH50 in acute sera was 178 +/- 57 U/ml, significantly lower than the mean CH50 of 331 +/- 80 U/ml in @entity1 with @entity221 (P less than 0.05). The values of the two groups on a given day approximated each other on days 7, 14, and 23. Consumption of complement by zymosan was also lower in acute sera of @entity1 with complicated illness, with a mean value of 19 +/- 18 U/ml compared with 58 +/- 30 U/ml in those with @entity221 (P less than 0.05). This difference was also seen on day 7 (P less than 0.05). Disease involving lower-numbered PNC serotypes (less than 10) correlated with reduced availability of AP factors in acute sera, independent of illness severity. Mean CRP levels were inversely related to @entity31156 -induced complement activation in @entity1 with complicated illness. These data suggest that in vivo depletion of AP factors is significantly greater in @entity1 with complicated illness and is associated with high CRP levels. CRP may enhance AP activation via C3 convertase generation and function with it as a preantibody host defense mechanism.

title: Relationships between alternative complement pathway activation, @entity1851 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity7706 :: (MESH:D011008,Disease) :: ['pneumococcal infection']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of @entity6414 on the level of expression of adhesion molecules @entity4105 , @entity2071 , and @entity4725 on @entity1 vascular endothelium activated with @entity2868 endotoxins or enterotoxin. Lipopolysaccharides were extracted by @entity3971 -water method from one nonenterotoxigenic (NTBF) and three enterotoxigenic (ETBF) @entity2868 strains. LPS preparations were purified with nucleolytic enzymes and ultracentrifugation. Enteotoxin (BFT) was prepared from the supernatant of reference @entity2868 ATCC 43858 culture by precipitation with @entity4859 . BFT preparations were purified with the application of ion-exchange chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography. Adhesion molecule expression on the surface of @entity1 vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1 cell line) was determined after simultaneous stimulation with bacterial compounds at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml and @entity6414 at the concentration of 20 micrograms/ml. Endothelial cells were activated for 4 hours ( @entity4105 expression) or for 24 hours ( @entity2071 and @entity4725 expression). Adhesion molecules were detected in immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) with the use of mouse, monoclonal antibodies against @entity1 @entity2071 , @entity4725 , and @entity4105 . The results of performed experiments suggest, that @entity6414 changes the level of adhesion molecule expression on @entity1 vascular endothelium. This antibiotic causes changes in the expression of endothelial @entity2071 , @entity4725 , and @entity4105 during simultaneous stimulation of endothelium with @entity2868 endotoxins or enterotoxin. In the majority of cases the addition of @entity6414 leads to the up-regulation of examined adhesion molecules.

title: [Stimulation of adhesion molecule expression in @entity1 vascular endothelium by @entity2868 toxins--influence of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4859 :: ('CHEBI:62946', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin B']

answer: @entity6414 :: (MESH:D011112,Chemical) :: ['polymyxin B']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of @entity6414 on the level of expression of adhesion molecules @entity4105 , @entity2071 , and @entity4725 on @entity1 vascular endothelium activated with @entity2868 endotoxins or enterotoxin. Lipopolysaccharides were extracted by @entity3971 -water method from one nonenterotoxigenic (NTBF) and three enterotoxigenic (ETBF) @entity2868 strains. LPS preparations were purified with nucleolytic enzymes and ultracentrifugation. Enteotoxin (BFT) was prepared from the supernatant of reference @entity2868 ATCC 43858 culture by precipitation with @entity4859 . BFT preparations were purified with the application of ion-exchange chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography. Adhesion molecule expression on the surface of @entity1 vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1 cell line) was determined after simultaneous stimulation with bacterial compounds at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml and @entity6414 at the concentration of 20 micrograms/ml. Endothelial cells were activated for 4 hours ( @entity4105 expression) or for 24 hours ( @entity2071 and @entity4725 expression). Adhesion molecules were detected in immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) with the use of mouse, monoclonal antibodies against @entity1 @entity2071 , @entity4725 , and @entity4105 . The results of performed experiments suggest, that @entity6414 changes the level of adhesion molecule expression on @entity1 vascular endothelium. This antibiotic causes changes in the expression of endothelial @entity2071 , @entity4725 , and @entity4105 during simultaneous stimulation of endothelium with @entity2868 endotoxins or enterotoxin. In the majority of cases the addition of @entity6414 leads to the up-regulation of examined adhesion molecules.

title: [Stimulation of adhesion molecule expression in @entity1 vascular endothelium by XXXX toxins--influence of @entity6414 ].

answer: @entity2868 :: (817,Species) :: ['Bacteroides fragilis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of @entity6414 on the level of expression of adhesion molecules @entity4105 , @entity2071 , and @entity4725 on @entity1 vascular endothelium activated with @entity2868 endotoxins or enterotoxin. Lipopolysaccharides were extracted by @entity3971 -water method from one nonenterotoxigenic (NTBF) and three enterotoxigenic (ETBF) @entity2868 strains. LPS preparations were purified with nucleolytic enzymes and ultracentrifugation. Enteotoxin (BFT) was prepared from the supernatant of reference @entity2868 ATCC 43858 culture by precipitation with @entity4859 . BFT preparations were purified with the application of ion-exchange chromatography and hydrophobic chromatography. Adhesion molecule expression on the surface of @entity1 vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1 cell line) was determined after simultaneous stimulation with bacterial compounds at the concentration of 10 micrograms/ml and @entity6414 at the concentration of 20 micrograms/ml. Endothelial cells were activated for 4 hours ( @entity4105 expression) or for 24 hours ( @entity2071 and @entity4725 expression). Adhesion molecules were detected in immunoenzymatic test (ELISA) with the use of mouse, monoclonal antibodies against @entity1 @entity2071 , @entity4725 , and @entity4105 . The results of performed experiments suggest, that @entity6414 changes the level of adhesion molecule expression on @entity1 vascular endothelium. This antibiotic causes changes in the expression of endothelial @entity2071 , @entity4725 , and @entity4105 during simultaneous stimulation of endothelium with @entity2868 endotoxins or enterotoxin. In the majority of cases the addition of @entity6414 leads to the up-regulation of examined adhesion molecules.

title: [Stimulation of adhesion molecule expression in XXXX vascular endothelium by @entity2868 toxins--influence of @entity6414 ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: February 2009: The authors are aware of unpublished trial data for @entity2682 which could affect the results of this review. This information together with that from trials published since 2005, will be considered when this review is updated in 2009.Anticonvulsant drugs have been used in the management of @entity158 since the 1960s. The clinical impression is that they are useful for chronic @entity9 , especially when the @entity158 is lancinating or burning. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the analgesic effectiveness and adverse effects of @entity2682 for @entity158 management in clinical practice. SEARCH STRATEGY: Randomised trials of @entity2682 in acute, chronic or @entity5 were identified by MEDLINE (1966 to Nov 2004), EMBASE (1994 to Nov 2004), SIGLE (1980 to Jan 2004) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2004). Additional studies were identified from the reference list of the retrieved papers, and by contacting investigators. Date of most recent search: January 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials reporting the analgesic effects of @entity2682 in @entity1 with subjective @entity158 assessment as either the primary or a secondary outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by two independent review authors, and trials were quality scored. Numbers-needed-to-treat-to-benefit (NNTs) were calculated, where possible, from dichotomous data for effectiveness, adverse effects and drug-related study withdrawal. MAIN RESULTS: Fourteen reports describing 15 studies of @entity2682 were considered eligible (1468 @entity1 ). One was a study of acute @entity158 . The remainder included the following conditions: post-herpetic @entity9 (two studies), @entity3949 (seven studies), a @entity5 related @entity9 (one study) phantom @entity158 (one study), @entity5011 (one study), spinal chord @entity158 (one study) and various @entity9 (one study).The study in acute post-operative @entity158 (70 @entity1 ) showed no benefit for @entity2682 compared to placebo for @entity158 at rest.In @entity1118 , the NNT for improvement in all trials with evaluable data is 4.3 (95% CI 3.5 to 5.7). Forty two percent of @entity1 improved on @entity2682 compared to 19% on placebo. The number needed to harm (NNH) for adverse events leading to withdrawal from a trial was not significant. Fourteen percent of @entity1 withdrew from active arms compared to 10% in placebo arms. The NNH for minor harm was 3.7 (95% CI 2.4 to 5.4). The NNT for effective @entity158 relief in @entity3949 was 2.9 (95% CI 2.2 to 4.3) and for post herpetic @entity9 3.9 (95% CI 3 to 5.7). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to show that @entity2682 is effective in @entity9 . There is limited evidence to show that @entity2682 is ineffective in acute @entity158 .

title: WITHDRAWN: @entity2682 for acute and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'injury pain', 'limb pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuralgia', 'neuropathic pains']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: February 2009: The authors are aware of unpublished trial data for @entity2682 which could affect the results of this review. This information together with that from trials published since 2005, will be considered when this review is updated in 2009.Anticonvulsant drugs have been used in the management of @entity158 since the 1960s. The clinical impression is that they are useful for chronic @entity9 , especially when the @entity158 is lancinating or burning. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the analgesic effectiveness and adverse effects of @entity2682 for @entity158 management in clinical practice. SEARCH STRATEGY: Randomised trials of @entity2682 in acute, chronic or @entity5 were identified by MEDLINE (1966 to Nov 2004), EMBASE (1994 to Nov 2004), SIGLE (1980 to Jan 2004) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2004). Additional studies were identified from the reference list of the retrieved papers, and by contacting investigators. Date of most recent search: January 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials reporting the analgesic effects of @entity2682 in @entity1 with subjective @entity158 assessment as either the primary or a secondary outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by two independent review authors, and trials were quality scored. Numbers-needed-to-treat-to-benefit (NNTs) were calculated, where possible, from dichotomous data for effectiveness, adverse effects and drug-related study withdrawal. MAIN RESULTS: Fourteen reports describing 15 studies of @entity2682 were considered eligible (1468 @entity1 ). One was a study of acute @entity158 . The remainder included the following conditions: post-herpetic @entity9 (two studies), @entity3949 (seven studies), a @entity5 related @entity9 (one study) phantom @entity158 (one study), @entity5011 (one study), spinal chord @entity158 (one study) and various @entity9 (one study).The study in acute post-operative @entity158 (70 @entity1 ) showed no benefit for @entity2682 compared to placebo for @entity158 at rest.In @entity1118 , the NNT for improvement in all trials with evaluable data is 4.3 (95% CI 3.5 to 5.7). Forty two percent of @entity1 improved on @entity2682 compared to 19% on placebo. The number needed to harm (NNH) for adverse events leading to withdrawal from a trial was not significant. Fourteen percent of @entity1 withdrew from active arms compared to 10% in placebo arms. The NNH for minor harm was 3.7 (95% CI 2.4 to 5.4). The NNT for effective @entity158 relief in @entity3949 was 2.9 (95% CI 2.2 to 4.3) and for post herpetic @entity9 3.9 (95% CI 3 to 5.7). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to show that @entity2682 is effective in @entity9 . There is limited evidence to show that @entity2682 is ineffective in acute @entity158 .

title: WITHDRAWN: XXXX for acute and @entity1118 .

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['Gabapentin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Standard treatment for high grade @entity11 (HGG) usually entails surgery (either biopsy or resection) followed by radiotherapy plus or minus @entity2903 . Implanting wafers impregnated with chemotherapy agents into the resection cavity represents a novel means of delivering drugs directly to the resection cavity with potentially fewer systemic side effects. It is not clear how effective this modality is or whether it should be recommended as part of standard care for @entity1 with HGG. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the clinical effectiveness of chemotherapy wafers for @entity1 with HGG. SEARCH STRATEGY: The following databases were searched: CENTRAL (issue 4. 2010); MEDLINE and EMBASE. The original search strategy also included: Science Citation Index; Physician Data Query; and the meta-Register of Controlled Trials. Reference lists of all identified studies were searched. The Journal of Neuro-Oncology and Neuro-oncology were hand searched from 1999 to 2010, including all conference abstracts. Neuro-oncologists, trial authors and drug manufacturers were contacted regarding ongoing and unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity1 included those of all ages with a histologically proven diagnosis of HGG (using intra-operative analysis when undergoing first resection). Therapy could be instigated for either newly diagnosed disease (primary therapy) or at recurrence. Interventions included insertion of chemotherapy wafers to the resection cavity. Included studies had to be randomised controlled trials (RCTs). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two independent review authors assessed the search results for relevance and undertook critical appraisal according to pre-specified guidelines. MAIN RESULTS: In primary disease two RCTs assessing the effect of @entity3600 impregnated wafers (Gliadel  ) and enrolling a total of 272 @entity1 were identified. Survival was increased with Gliadel   compared to placebo (hazard ratio (HR) 0.65, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.48 to 0.86, P = 0.003). In recurrent disease a single RCT was included comparing Gliadel   with placebo and enrolled 222 @entity1 . It did not demonstrate a significant survival increase (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.10, P = 0.2). There was no suitable data for any of the secondary outcome measures. Adverse events were not more common in either arm and are presented in a descriptive fashion. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: @entity3600 impregnated wafers (Gliadel  ) result in improved survival without an increased incidence of adverse events over placebo wafers when used for primary disease therapy. There is no evidence of benefit for any other outcome measures. In recurrent disease Gliadel   does not appear to confer any additional benefit.

title: Chemotherapy wafers for high grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['Carmustine', 'carmustine']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Surgical treatment of metastatic @entity174 of long bones is mostly a palliative one. Intramedullary stabilisation without resection of @entity3 follows the aim of the palliative therapy concept. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 01.01.1995 to 30.08.2001 36 manifest and 4 impending @entity174 were registered in 22 female and 16 male @entity1 , with a mean age of 63 years. In addition, one revision was necessary due to persisting instability after humeral intramedullary bundle nailing. @entity174 were found in the humerus (n=11), femoral neck (n=6), per- and subtrochanteric region (n=12), femoral shaft (n=10) and tibia (n=2). Most of them were @entity5 of the kidneys (n=13), bronchi (n=7) and breast (n=6). One @entity1 with a solitary metastasis in the humerus received curative treatment by resection, open reduction and internal fixation. All other cases underwent palliative stabilisation. Metastatic lesions of the femoral neck were treated by resection and prosthetic replacement. The remaining @entity174 were stabilized intramedullarily without resection of @entity3 or use of bone cement. In 9 cases, a locking nail was implanted in the humerus, and one @entity1 received humeral bundle nailing. In the lower extremities, we used a classic-nail or gamma-nail in 15 and a locking nail in 8 cases. Two moribund @entity1 did not undergo surgery. RESULTS: No intraoperative complications occurred. 63 % of the @entity1 with stabilisation of the leg were able to walk at the time of discharge. The mean survival time (Kaplan-Meier) of @entity1 after palliative operation amounted to 161.5 days (95 % CI 92.7; 230.3). We found 6 postoperative complications: temporary palsy of the radial nerve (n=1), soft tissue infection (n=1), dislocation of the nail (n=2), loosening of the distal locking screw (n=1), proceeding @entity3061 with high fracture risk (n=1). CONCLUSION: Intramedullary stabilisation without resection of @entity3 using locking nails meets the requirements of palliative therapy. This procedure is less invasive and allows early weight bearing.

title: [Intramedullary stabilisation of metastatic XXXX of long bones].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Pathological fractures', 'long bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: The current classification of diffuse low-grade @entity11 is based mainly on histopathological criteria, which cannot accurately predict the highly variable clinical course observed in @entity1 with such @entity5 . In an attempt to increase pathogenetic understanding of these @entity5 , we investigated 38 WHO @entity816 , @entity3271 , and @entity816 using a combination of G-band chromosome analysis and high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (HR-CGH). Abnormal karyotypes were found in 41% of @entity5 . Karyotypes of @entity816 and @entity3271 were near-diploid whereas @entity816 also displayed near-tetraploid clones. The most common aberrations were losses of chromosomes X, Y, 3, 4, 6, and 11 and gains of chromosomes 8 and 12. The only recurrent structural rearrangement was del(6)(q21). HR-CGH analysis verified karyotyping findings but also revealed frequent losses at 1p, 17q, and 19q and gains of 7q, 10p, 11q, and 20p. Among the @entity5 were two gemistocytic @entity816 , a subgroup of diffuse @entity816 with a particular predisposition for progression but not studied cytogenetically before; one showed a near-diploid, complex karyotype with structural aberrations of chromosomes 1, 3, and 11 whereas both displayed simple aberrations including loss of 11p by HR-CGH. Our findings suggest that within diffuse low-grade @entity11 are genetically distinct entities that do not fit the currently used classification. In addition, @entity5 with complex chromosomal aberrations had a higher tendency for aggressive @entity5 behavior (shorter progression-free survival) than @entity5 displaying simple aberrations only (P = 0.07). This could help identify genetic subsets of @entity1 with @entity11 who might benefit from early antineoplastic therapy.

title: Genomic aberrations in diffuse low-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'oligoastrocytomas', 'Grade II astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity6354 ( @entity6354 ) and its receptor ( @entity12841 ) are key components in the genesis of adaptation after small bowel resection (SBR). Within intestinal homogenates, @entity12841 expression is increased after SBR; however, the exact cells responsible for altered @entity12841 expression are unknown. In this study, laser capture microdissection (LCM) microscopy was used to elucidate the specific cellular compartment(s) responsible for postresection changes in @entity12841 expression. METHODS: Male ICR @entity19 underwent a 50% proximal SBR or sham operation. After 3 days, frozen sections were taken from the remnant ileum. Individual cells from villi, crypt, muscularis, and mesenchymal compartments were isolated by LCM. @entity12841 mRNA expression for each cell compartment was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: @entity12841 expression was increased after SBR within the crypt (2-fold) and muscularis compartments (3-fold). There were no changes detected after SBR in the villus tips or mesenchymal compartments. CONCLUSIONS: Increased expression of @entity12841 in crypts directly correlates with the zone of cell proliferation and supports the hypothesis that @entity12841 signaling is crucial for the mitogenic stimulus for adaptation. The finding of increased @entity12841 expression in the muscular compartment is novel and may implicate a role for @entity12841 as a mediator of the @entity1373 seen after massive SBR.

title: Localization of postresection XXXX receptor expression using laser capture microdissection.

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['muscular hyperplasia']

answer: @entity6354 :: (13645(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['EGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The @entity632 -induced @entity35 model of @entity1152 and @entity4501 (EA/ @entity49090 ) provides a reliable system for the study of EA/ @entity49090 pathogenesis. The authors previously hypothesized that faulty branching lung morphogenesis pathways were a critical component of its pathogenesis. The authors have found evidence for faulty fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling related to epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the fistula tract. To better define FGF signaling, the differential expression of FGF ligands and their receptors between lung, fistula tract, and esophagus are described. METHODS: Time-dated pregnant, @entity35 were injected with @entity632 (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on days 6 through 9 of gestation. Tissues were processed for histology and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. @entity10494 were measured from whole lung, fistula tract, and esophagus of @entity49090 or normal embryos. Expression of FGF2RIIIb and FGF2RIIIc receptors was measured in isolated epithelium and mesenchyme of lung and fistula tract of @entity49090 embryos as well as lung and esophagus from normal controls. RESULTS: @entity10494 mRNA was present in the fistula tract and normal and @entity632 -exposed lung but absent from whole esophagus. Interestingly, @entity11943 mRNA was present only in normal lung. @entity33187 was present in all tissues examined. FGF2RIIIb mRNA was absent in fistula mesenchyme but present in all other tissues examined. However, the splice variant FGF2RIIIc mRNA was present in all tissues examined. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support defective FGF signaling in the @entity35 model of @entity49090 . Absence of @entity11943 mRNA in @entity632 -exposed tissues suggests the primary effect of @entity632 may be to inhibit @entity11943 expression. Moreover, absence of FGF2RIIIb in fistula mesenchyme may be caused by loss of positive feedback from @entity11943 , its normal obligate ligand. Understanding these specific defects in FGF signaling may provide insight into faulty mechanisms of @entity49090 .

title: Fibroblast growth factor signaling in the developing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity4501 :: (MESH:D014138,Disease) :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']


abstract: Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), occurring in many @entity16 , has been difficult to measure noninvasively in @entity1 . Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging measures BBB permeability. However, important technical challenges remain and normative data from healthy @entity1 is lacking. We report the implementation of a method for measuring BBB permeability, originally developed in animals, to estimate BBB permeability in both healthy subjects and @entity1 with white matter pathology. Fast T(1) mapping was used to measure the leakage of contrast agent @entity7241 ( @entity7241 ) from plasma into brain. A quarter of the standard @entity7241 dose for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was found to give both sufficient contrast-to-noise and high T(1) sensitivity. The Patlak graphical approach was used to calculate the permeability from changes in 1/T(1). Permeability constants were compared with cerebrospinal fluid albumin index. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval for white matter BBB permeability for normal subjects was 3 * 10(-4) L/g min. MRI measurements were not [corrected] correlated strongly with levels of cerebrospinal fluid albumin in those subjects undergoing lumbar puncture. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with low dose @entity7241 and fast T(1) imaging is a sensitive method to measure subtle differences in BBB permeability in @entity1 and may have advantages over techniques based purely on the measurement of pixel contrast changes.

title: Quantitative measurement of blood-brain barrier permeability in XXXX using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with fast T1 mapping.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid', 'Gd-DTPA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resection of @entity418 and upper @entity356 is considered a demanding procedure in laparoscopic surgery. Robotics could aid laparoscopic dissection of the oesophago-gastric junction and oesophageal @entity254 , enlarging indications for a minimally invasive approach to these @entity5 . METHODS: Data from 17 consecutive @entity1 with histologically proved @entity189 were collected in a prospective database to assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic robot-assisted radical surgery, using the four-arm da Vinci surgical system. The type of surgery was chosen according to Siewert recommendations. Outcome measures were conversion rate, intra- and post-operative morbidity and mortality, operative time, @entity190 , number of lymph nodes harvested and macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of resection margins. RESULTS: Seventeen laparoscopic operations were completed without conversion (14 extended gastrectomies, two transhiatal distal oesophagectomies and one transthoracic distal oesophagectomy). Extended lymph node dissection and oesophago-jejunal @entity254 were successfully carried out using the da Vinci system. Mean operative time was 327.2    93.4 min and @entity190 279    199 ml. The mean number of nodes retrieved was 28    9 and all resection margins were negative. There was no mortality and overall morbidity was acceptably low (41.1%). During a mean follow-up time of 20 months, four recurrences were recorded (two multivisceral, one to the lung and one nodal), with two recurrence-related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical surgery of the oesophago-gastric junction is feasible and safe. Longer follow-up time and randomized studies are needed to evaluate the long-term outcome and advantages for the @entity1 of this new technology.

title: Robot-assisted laparoscopic management of XXXX according to Siewert recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cardia carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['cardia carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: To establish a non-traumatic, easy to induce and reproducible @entity19 model of @entity656 ( @entity656 ) induced with @entity8629 and lipopolyasccharide (LPS). METHODS: Thirty-two healthy mature NIH female @entity19 were selected and divided at random into four groups (each of 8 @entity19 ), i.e., the control group ( @entity7031 group), the @entity8629 group (Cn group), the lipopolysaccharide group (LPS group), and the @entity8629 +LPS group (Cn+LPS group). @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally with @entity8629 only, or LPS only, and @entity8629 and LPS in combination. All the animals were then killed by neck dislocation three hours after the last intraperitoneal injection. The pancreas and exo-pancreatic organs were then carefully removed for microscopic examination. And the pancreatic acinus was further observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pancreatic weight, serum amylase, serum @entity842 (NO) concentration, @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) concentration of the pancreas were assayed respectively. RESULTS: (1) @entity7031 animals displayed normal pancreatic structure both in the exocrine and endocrine. In the LPS group, the pancreas was slightly @entity4 , with the @entity2617 of a few inflammatory cells and the @entity39 of the adjacent fat tissues. All the animals of the Cn group showed distinct signs of a mild @entity788 characterized by @entity4 , @entity2617 of neutrophil and mononuclear cells, but without obvious parenchyma @entity39 and @entity548 . In contrast, the Cn+LPS group showed more diffuse focal areas of nonviable pancreatic and @entity548 as well as systemic organ dysfunction. According to Schmidt's criteria, the pancreatic histologic score showed that there existed significant difference in the Cn+LPS group in the @entity4 , @entity32 , parenchyma @entity39 and parenchyma homorrhage in comparison with those of the Cn group, LPS group and @entity7031 group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). (2) The ultrasturcture of acinar cells was seriously damaged in the Cn+LPS group. Chromatin margination of nuclei was present, the number and volume of vacuoles greatly increased. Zymogen granules (ZGs) were greatly decreased in number and endoplasmic reticulum exhibited whorls. The swollen mitochondria appeared, the crista of which was decreased in number or disappeared. (3) Pancreatic weight and serum amylase levels in the Cn +LPS was significantly higher than those of the @entity7031 group and the LPS group respectively (P<0.01 or P<0.05). However, the pancreatic wet weight and serum amylase concentration showed no significant difference between the Cn+LPS group and the Cn group. (4) NO concentration in the Cn+LPS group was significantly higher than that of @entity7031 group, LPS group and Cn group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). (5) The SOD and @entity1865 concentration of the pancreas in the Cn+LPS group were significantly higher than those of @entity7031 , LPS and Cn groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The @entity19 model of @entity656 could be induced with @entity8629 and LPS, which could be non-traumatic and easy to induce, reproducible with the same pathological characteristics as those of @entity656 in @entity1 , and could be used in the research on the mechanism of @entity1 @entity656 .

title: A @entity19 model of @entity656 induced with XXXX and lipopolysaccharide.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory infiltration']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['edematous pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'severe acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['infiltration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['caerulein']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity8629 :: (MESH:D002108,Chemical) :: ['caerulein']


abstract: AIM: To establish a non-traumatic, easy to induce and reproducible @entity19 model of @entity656 ( @entity656 ) induced with @entity8629 and lipopolyasccharide (LPS). METHODS: Thirty-two healthy mature NIH female @entity19 were selected and divided at random into four groups (each of 8 @entity19 ), i.e., the control group ( @entity7031 group), the @entity8629 group (Cn group), the lipopolysaccharide group (LPS group), and the @entity8629 +LPS group (Cn+LPS group). @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally with @entity8629 only, or LPS only, and @entity8629 and LPS in combination. All the animals were then killed by neck dislocation three hours after the last intraperitoneal injection. The pancreas and exo-pancreatic organs were then carefully removed for microscopic examination. And the pancreatic acinus was further observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pancreatic weight, serum amylase, serum @entity842 (NO) concentration, @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) concentration of the pancreas were assayed respectively. RESULTS: (1) @entity7031 animals displayed normal pancreatic structure both in the exocrine and endocrine. In the LPS group, the pancreas was slightly @entity4 , with the @entity2617 of a few inflammatory cells and the @entity39 of the adjacent fat tissues. All the animals of the Cn group showed distinct signs of a mild @entity788 characterized by @entity4 , @entity2617 of neutrophil and mononuclear cells, but without obvious parenchyma @entity39 and @entity548 . In contrast, the Cn+LPS group showed more diffuse focal areas of nonviable pancreatic and @entity548 as well as systemic organ dysfunction. According to Schmidt's criteria, the pancreatic histologic score showed that there existed significant difference in the Cn+LPS group in the @entity4 , @entity32 , parenchyma @entity39 and parenchyma homorrhage in comparison with those of the Cn group, LPS group and @entity7031 group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). (2) The ultrasturcture of acinar cells was seriously damaged in the Cn+LPS group. Chromatin margination of nuclei was present, the number and volume of vacuoles greatly increased. Zymogen granules (ZGs) were greatly decreased in number and endoplasmic reticulum exhibited whorls. The swollen mitochondria appeared, the crista of which was decreased in number or disappeared. (3) Pancreatic weight and serum amylase levels in the Cn +LPS was significantly higher than those of the @entity7031 group and the LPS group respectively (P<0.01 or P<0.05). However, the pancreatic wet weight and serum amylase concentration showed no significant difference between the Cn+LPS group and the Cn group. (4) NO concentration in the Cn+LPS group was significantly higher than that of @entity7031 group, LPS group and Cn group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). (5) The SOD and @entity1865 concentration of the pancreas in the Cn+LPS group were significantly higher than those of @entity7031 , LPS and Cn groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The @entity19 model of @entity656 could be induced with @entity8629 and LPS, which could be non-traumatic and easy to induce, reproducible with the same pathological characteristics as those of @entity656 in @entity1 , and could be used in the research on the mechanism of @entity1 @entity656 .

title: A @entity19 model of XXXX induced with @entity8629 and lipopolysaccharide.

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['severe acute pancreatitis']


abstract: AIM: To establish a non-traumatic, easy to induce and reproducible @entity19 model of @entity656 ( @entity656 ) induced with @entity8629 and lipopolyasccharide (LPS). METHODS: Thirty-two healthy mature NIH female @entity19 were selected and divided at random into four groups (each of 8 @entity19 ), i.e., the control group ( @entity7031 group), the @entity8629 group (Cn group), the lipopolysaccharide group (LPS group), and the @entity8629 +LPS group (Cn+LPS group). @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally with @entity8629 only, or LPS only, and @entity8629 and LPS in combination. All the animals were then killed by neck dislocation three hours after the last intraperitoneal injection. The pancreas and exo-pancreatic organs were then carefully removed for microscopic examination. And the pancreatic acinus was further observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). Pancreatic weight, serum amylase, serum @entity842 (NO) concentration, @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) concentration of the pancreas were assayed respectively. RESULTS: (1) @entity7031 animals displayed normal pancreatic structure both in the exocrine and endocrine. In the LPS group, the pancreas was slightly @entity4 , with the @entity2617 of a few inflammatory cells and the @entity39 of the adjacent fat tissues. All the animals of the Cn group showed distinct signs of a mild @entity788 characterized by @entity4 , @entity2617 of neutrophil and mononuclear cells, but without obvious parenchyma @entity39 and @entity548 . In contrast, the Cn+LPS group showed more diffuse focal areas of nonviable pancreatic and @entity548 as well as systemic organ dysfunction. According to Schmidt's criteria, the pancreatic histologic score showed that there existed significant difference in the Cn+LPS group in the @entity4 , @entity32 , parenchyma @entity39 and parenchyma homorrhage in comparison with those of the Cn group, LPS group and @entity7031 group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). (2) The ultrasturcture of acinar cells was seriously damaged in the Cn+LPS group. Chromatin margination of nuclei was present, the number and volume of vacuoles greatly increased. Zymogen granules (ZGs) were greatly decreased in number and endoplasmic reticulum exhibited whorls. The swollen mitochondria appeared, the crista of which was decreased in number or disappeared. (3) Pancreatic weight and serum amylase levels in the Cn +LPS was significantly higher than those of the @entity7031 group and the LPS group respectively (P<0.01 or P<0.05). However, the pancreatic wet weight and serum amylase concentration showed no significant difference between the Cn+LPS group and the Cn group. (4) NO concentration in the Cn+LPS group was significantly higher than that of @entity7031 group, LPS group and Cn group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). (5) The SOD and @entity1865 concentration of the pancreas in the Cn+LPS group were significantly higher than those of @entity7031 , LPS and Cn groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The @entity19 model of @entity656 could be induced with @entity8629 and LPS, which could be non-traumatic and easy to induce, reproducible with the same pathological characteristics as those of @entity656 in @entity1 , and could be used in the research on the mechanism of @entity1 @entity656 .

title: A XXXX model of @entity656 induced with @entity8629 and lipopolysaccharide.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergency department visits are rising although birth rate is decreasing. OBJECTIVE: To compare emergency department.( @entity2613 ) utilization in the cohorts of @entity1 born in 1991 and 1996 in a health district. METHOD: We performed a two-year retrospective cohort study in the health district of Mieres (Spain). All @entity1 born in the health district in 1991 (n 600) and 1996 (n 423) were included. The number of visits to the @entity2613 was obtained and the frequency and mean number of visits in the first 2 years of life were calculated according to age, sex, and area of residence. RESULTS: The gross number of visits did not vary (1991: 852; 1996: 853), despite a decrease in birth rate. The number of @entity1 who attended the @entity2613 at least once increased by 34.8 % (1991, 60.6 %; 1996, 82 %) and the frequency of visits increased by 41.7 % (1991, 142.2 %; 1996, 201.4 %). More than 60 % of visits were made by 20 % (1991) of the @entity1 and by 29 % (1996). The percentage of @entity1 who attended the @entity2613 , the frequency rate and the mean number of visits were significantly higher in the municipality nearest the hospital than in the remaining municipalities in the health district. CONCLUSIONS: Although the gross number of visits to the @entity2613 remained unchanged, @entity2613 utilization increased substantially in only 5 years.

title: [Emergency department utilization by XXXX aged less than two years old].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The @entity535 compositions of proteins from halophilic archaea were compared with those from non-halophilic mesophiles and thermophiles, in terms of the protein surface and interior, on a genome-wide scale. As we previously reported for proteins from thermophiles, a biased @entity535 composition also exists in halophiles, in which an abundance of acidic residues was found on the protein surface as compared to the interior. This general feature did not seem to depend on the individual protein structures, but was applicable to all proteins encoded within the entire genome. Unique protein surface compositions are common in both halophiles and thermophiles. Statistical tests have shown that significant surface compositional differences exist among halophiles, non-halophiles, and thermophiles, while the interior composition within each of the three types of organisms does not significantly differ. Although thermophilic proteins have an almost equal abundance of both acidic and basic residues, a large excess of acidic residues in halophilic proteins seems to be compensated by fewer basic residues. @entity2574 , @entity376 , @entity2734 , @entity493 , and @entity1889 significantly contributed to the compositional differences of halophiles from meso- and thermophiles. Among them, however, only @entity2574 deviated largely from the expected amount estimated from the dinucleotide composition of the genomic DNA sequence of the halophile, which has an extremely high G+C content (68%). Thus, the other residues with large deviations (Lys, Ala, etc.) from their non-halophilic frequencies could have arisen merely as "dragging effects" caused by the compositional shift of the DNA, which would have changed to increase principally the fraction of @entity2574 alone.

title: Unique XXXX composition of proteins in halophilic bacteria.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspartic acid', 'aspartic acid']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: To increase the skin permeation of large peptides like insulin, it is necessary to utilize a combination of enhancement strategies. In this regard, this study investigated the effect of @entity6399 / @entity167 combination in comparison to @entity167 and neat @entity9534 on transdermal iontophoretic permeation of insulin. Ex-vivo experiments were conducted using full thickness @entity35 skin after pre-treatment for 2 h with 5% of @entity4746 , @entity44765 , @entity12263 and @entity44767 in @entity167 ; @entity167 alone; neat @entity44765 with and without iontophoresis (0.5 mA/cm(2); 6 h). FT-IR studies were carried out using @entity35 epidermal sheets after pre-treatment with enhancer solution for 2 h and tritiated water permeation studies was used to investigate the alteration in skin barrier property after enhancer or current treatment. The lag time was significantly reduced (P<0.05) with @entity9534 / @entity167 pre-treatment in comparison to passive control and @entity167 pre-treatment, although there was no significant difference (P>0.05) among the @entity6399 . Synergistic enhancement in flux was observed with @entity9534 / @entity167 , and @entity44765 / @entity167 showed highest enhancement among the @entity9534 / @entity167 combinations. On the other hand, enhancement with neat @entity44765 was higher than with @entity44765 / @entity167 . FT-IR studies showed that @entity9534 / @entity167 , @entity167 and neat @entity9534 act at the intercellular lipids. The skin barrier property was significantly (P<0.05) compromised with neat @entity44765 treatment. Iontophoresis had a lesser effect on skin barrier property compared to chemical enhancer pre-treatment. @entity9534 / @entity167 caused synergistic enhancement of insulin permeation when combined with iontophoresis and was influenced by the type and concentration of @entity9534 .

title: Transdermal iontophoresis of insulin. V. Effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6399 :: ('MESH:D013729', 'Chemical') :: ['terpenes']

entities_list: @entity9534 :: ('CHEBI:35186', 'Chemical') :: ['Terpene', 'terpene']

answer: @entity6399 :: (MESH:D013729,Chemical) :: ['terpenes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity344 are maladies that produce multiple symptoms. Suffering from these symptoms attributes @entity1 to an illness and self-treat or seek medical care. The objective of this study is to determine the relation between @entity344 and demographic factors using population pyramid. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional survey conducted from May 2006 to December 2007 Tehran province, Iran. The questionnaire included personal and family characteristics such as age, gender, and educational level. In addition to this, interviewers asked about 10 @entity1109 . Comparison prevalence of @entity1109 among age groups was made via population pyramid. All analysis carried out using SPSS version 16. RESULTS: A total of 30,334 subjects were included in the study. The prevalence of @entity1109 increased with increasing age. Moreover, @entity1 had higher prevalence of symptoms and the @entity1109 were more prevalent in married individuals than single one. CONCLUSION: Age is dynamic in the sense that individuals continually age. It is the timing and sequencing of such changes that could be incorporated into analyses of health. So age pyramid is a flexible way to evaluate the effect of this factor on health in population.

title: Impact of demographic factors on XXXX using population pyramid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['GI symptoms']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms', 'Gastrointestinal diseases']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity785 is a rare disease that predominantly affects @entity1 . The Medsger severity scale has been used to assess the severity, but it requires expensive and poorly accessible studies and it does not include complications such acrosteolysis, @entity730 , @entity66 or @entity1375 that occur on a relatively frequent basis in this disease. There is no study that considers if comorbidities, such as @entity2835 , are related to gravity. OBJECTIVES: To determine the correlation between severity and the presence of such complications. METHODS: 40 @entity1 with @entity785 , dividing them into tertiles according to severity were studied. Dichotomous variables were described using percentages, while dimensional by averages+SD. Statistical inference was performed using chi square test or Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn post-test, as appropriate. A significance at P<.05 was set. RESULTS: Of all the complications studied there were only differences in severity with acrosteolysis. Within comorbidities, @entity2835 is not associated with gravity.

title: Acro-osteolysis as an indicator of severity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcinosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic sclerosis', 'systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Respiratory-induced @entity5 motion of upper @entity1820 during radiation therapy is often assessed using a single 4-dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) and presumed to be representative during fractionated treatment regimens. The purpose of this study was to examine the intra- and interfraction correlations of @entity5 motion between pretreatment 4D-CT and real-time fiducial-based motion tracking in @entity1 treated with fractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for upper @entity344 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity1820 underwent fractionated SBRT using the CyberKnife radiosurgical system with Synchrony respiratory motion management. Before treatment, each @entity1 underwent a free-breathing 4D-CT scan and fiducial motion was tracked for each phase of the respiratory cycle. Real-time fiducial positions recorded during delivery of each SBRT fraction were extracted from the CyberKnife planning system. Displacements were compared between those predicted by 4D-CT and those recorded by Synchrony during treatment in the left-right (LR), anteroposterior (AP), and superoinferior (SI) directions. RESULTS: The 4D-CT scans demonstrated little correlation with real-time mean fiducial displacement as determined by Pearson correlation with coefficients of 0.45, 0.52, and 0.63 in the SI, AP, and LR directions, respectively. Cohort-averaged maximum fiducial displacements based on 4D-CT and real-time tracking were measured to be 3.86    1.40 mm versus 10.73    7.03 mm, 2.29    1.02 mm versus 4.44    3.33 mm, and 1.45    0.49 mm versus 2.67    2.49 mm in the SI, AP, and LR directions, respectively. Mean fiducial displacements were greater than that predicted by the maximum displacements on the corresponding 4D-CT scan in 39%, 22%, and 25% of SBRT fractions in the SI, AP, and LR directions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of 4D-CT with real-time fiducial tracking demonstrated significant inter- and intrafractional discrepancies, particularly in the SI direction, which could result in compromise of target coverage when planning with a single free-breathing 4D-CT.

title: Four-dimensional computed tomography prediction of inter- and intrafractional upper XXXX motion during fractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) tumors', 'upper GI tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI malignancies']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal tumor']


abstract: Seeds sprouts have been used as a good source of basic nutrients and nutraceutical compounds. The high nutritional value of seeds derives from the deposition of compounds during development. However some of these molecules are used in metabolic processes like germination, which leads to a considerable variation in their concentrations once these events are completed. In this work, we investigate the levels of @entity72600 ( @entity8580 , @entity72601 and @entity72602 ), soluble @entity3363 and proteins in cotyledons of @entity11297 and @entity11314 sprouts. Sprouting increased @entity8580 and @entity413 content and reduction of @entity9592 and @entity72602 was observed. The protein levels increased in @entity19321 and decreased in @entity11314 sprouting. The level of @entity969 was maintained in both sprouts. @entity72601 was detected only in quiescent seeds. Our results suggested that bean sprout is an important source of proteins, @entity969 , @entity413 and @entity8580 . Additionally, bean sprouts have low levels of @entity9592 , an antinutritional compound.

title: Free cyclitol, soluble carbohydrate and protein contents in XXXX and @entity11297 bean sprouts.

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity72600 :: ('CHEBI:24848', 'Chemical') :: ['inositols']

entities_list: @entity72601 :: ('CHEBI:28548', 'Chemical') :: ['D-Pinitol', 'D-pinitol']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['myo-inositol']

entities_list: @entity9592 :: ('MESH:D011887', 'Chemical') :: ['raffinose']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity11314 :: ('3917', 'Species') :: ['Vigna unguiculata', 'V. unguiculata']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity11314 :: (3917,Species) :: ['Vigna unguiculata']


abstract: Seeds sprouts have been used as a good source of basic nutrients and nutraceutical compounds. The high nutritional value of seeds derives from the deposition of compounds during development. However some of these molecules are used in metabolic processes like germination, which leads to a considerable variation in their concentrations once these events are completed. In this work, we investigate the levels of @entity72600 ( @entity8580 , @entity72601 and @entity72602 ), soluble @entity3363 and proteins in cotyledons of @entity11297 and @entity11314 sprouts. Sprouting increased @entity8580 and @entity413 content and reduction of @entity9592 and @entity72602 was observed. The protein levels increased in @entity19321 and decreased in @entity11314 sprouting. The level of @entity969 was maintained in both sprouts. @entity72601 was detected only in quiescent seeds. Our results suggested that bean sprout is an important source of proteins, @entity969 , @entity413 and @entity8580 . Additionally, bean sprouts have low levels of @entity9592 , an antinutritional compound.

title: Free cyclitol, soluble carbohydrate and protein contents in @entity11314 and XXXX bean sprouts.

answer: @entity11297 :: (3885,Species) :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A clear understanding of the relationship between the micromechanical properties and orientation of the osteons within the mandible is important to understand mandibular function, @entity174 repair, treatment of temporo-mandibular @entity2720 , the materials and organization of dental implants. The objective of this research was to obtain the micromechanical properties of @entity1 mandibular cortical bone as a function of orientation from @entity1348 to @entity1348 . METHODS: A mandible obtained from a deceased 66 year-old female free of @entity79 was used. The mandible was embedded in @entity4625 . The micromechanical properties analysis was obtained using the UH3 scanning acoustic microscope (SAM; Olympus Co., Tokyo, Japan). The coordinates system is defined such that the inferior border of mandibular is positioned on the x-y plane. x is along the anterior-posterior direction, y is in the horizontal direction and z is in superior-inferior direction. RESULTS: The osteonal orientations were almost parallel to the x @entity2270 and eventually branched into two directions towards the coronoid process and condylar head. The SAM revealed that almost the whole area of the mandible body was found to be transversely isotropic in the plane perpendicular to the x @entity2270 . In the parallel and oblique directions, all data were transversely isotropic with respect to the x @entity2270 . Data of the perpendicular osteons were transversely isotropic with respect to the z @entity2270 . SIGNIFICANCE: Having actual micromechanical properties as a function of orientation in the mandible could provide base line data for: @entity174 repair; choice of bone replacement materials.

title: Micromechanics/structure relationships in the XXXX mandible.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adolescent @entity28 has dramatically increased in recent decades, and along with that so have other medical comorbidities, such as @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity407 , @entity1561 , @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ), and @entity6437 cerebri. @entity28 and related comorbidites may be contraindications to hormonal contraception, making contraception counseling of morbidly @entity28 adolescents more challenging. Obese adolescent females seeking bariatric surgery need effective contraception in the postoperative period. This study is designed to determine the acceptance rate of the @entity2692 -releasing intrauterine device (IUD) and describe common @entity1866 in @entity28 adolescent bariatric surgery @entity1 . METHODS: This is a historic cohort study of adolescent females who underwent bariatric surgery over a 2-year period at a tertiary referral center for pediatric @entity28 . Data were systematically abstracted. The percent of @entity1 with @entity1866 and the acceptance rate for the @entity2692 -releasing IUD were determined. RESULTS: Twenty-five adolescents met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 17.4 years (standard deviation [SD] 2.6), and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 51.4 (SD 6.3) kg/m(2). Eighty-four percent were white. Twenty-eight percent had @entity931 , 32% had @entity2589 , 40% had @entity1834 , and 36% had @entity3610 . Ninety-two percent (23 of 25) underwent IUD placement. CONCLUSIONS: There was a high prevalence of @entity1866 among this sample of severely @entity28 adolescent females. The majority accepted the IUD, indicating it is a viable option among this population.

title: Menstrual concerns and intrauterine contraception among adolescent bariatric surgery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual problems']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity2589 :: ('MESH:D009839', 'Disease') :: ['oligomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity931 :: ('MESH:D008595', 'Disease') :: ['menorrhagia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the economic burden of @entity8619 ( @entity8619 ) from the perspective of the healthcare provider in a UK population. METHODS: This prevalence-based cost-of-illness analysis was carried out via a cross-sectional study conducted in the Oral Medicine Unit of the Eastman Dental Hospital. This study was conducted in three phases - phase 1 involved framing of the cost-of-illness analysis, development of the cost inventory and design of the @entity1 questionnaire for ease of data collection. Data collected from @entity1 were inputted during phase 2, and costings were determined. The final phase consisted of the calculation of the cost of illness of @entity8619 . RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 were enrolled in the study, 30 males and 70 females, with an average age of 59.9 years (  13.4 years). The average @entity8619 @entity1 , based on our cohort, attends the oral medicine unit 2.64 times per year, their general medical practitioner 1.13 times annually, their general dental practitioner 0.82 times in a year and fills on average 3.37 prescriptions annually. This leads to an average annual cost of   398.58 (   541.16) per @entity1 per year from the perspective of the healthcare provider. CONCLUSION: The annual average cost of @entity8619 to the healthcare provider in the UK is substantial. The prevalence-based cost-of-illness data generated in this study will facilitate comparison with other chronic @entity3136 and with @entity102 managed in allied medical specialties.

title: Cost of illness of XXXX in a UK population - a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['OLP', 'oral lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosal diseases']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity8619 :: (MESH:D017676,Disease) :: ['oral lichen planus']


abstract: Several functional abnormalities in phagocytes from @entity1 with @entity1575 contribute to an increased risk of @entity281 . An increased resting respiratory burst has been observed in neutrophils from cirrhotic @entity1 . We investigated whether an @entity281 in @entity82 affects the respiratory burst capacity of neutrophils and monocytes in response to @entity526 . This study included 45 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity1575 and clinical signs of @entity281 , 39 @entity1 with @entity1575 in the absence of @entity281 and 29 healthy subjects. Respiratory burst, @entity5752 ( @entity5752 ), and immunoglobulin (Ig)G-autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ab-oxLDL) were measured. The fraction of neutrophils spontaneously producing reactive @entity26 species (ROS) was elevated in @entity1575 (P   <   0  01). The neutrophil resting burst increased with @entity1 -Pugh stage (P   =   0  02) and correlated with augmented ROS release in response to opsonized @entity526 (P   <   0  05). Although @entity5752 was increased in @entity1 with @entity82 (P   <   0  01), higher @entity5752 levels correlated with a lower resting burst in neutrophils (r(s)    =   -0  395; P   <   0  01). In the presence of @entity281 , the resting burst was unaltered. However, neutrophil ROS release in response to @entity526 was reduced markedly (P   =   0  01), and it decreased as serum @entity25159 ( @entity25159 ) concentration rose (r(s)    =   -0  437; P   <   0  01), indicating the development of a @entity295 -like immune @entity912 . A positive correlation between ab-oxLDL and ROS release was observed (P   <   0  01). In conclusion, the respiratory burst increases with severity of @entity1575 but is restrained by increasing @entity5752 levels. Augmented ROS release in response to @entity526 is accompanied by elevated markers of oxidative damage and becomes exhausted in the presence of @entity281 .

title: The augmented neutrophil respiratory burst in response to XXXX is reduced in @entity1575 during @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5752 :: ('3929', 'Gene') :: ['lipopolysaccharide-binding protein', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Several functional abnormalities in phagocytes from @entity1 with @entity1575 contribute to an increased risk of @entity281 . An increased resting respiratory burst has been observed in neutrophils from cirrhotic @entity1 . We investigated whether an @entity281 in @entity82 affects the respiratory burst capacity of neutrophils and monocytes in response to @entity526 . This study included 45 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity1575 and clinical signs of @entity281 , 39 @entity1 with @entity1575 in the absence of @entity281 and 29 healthy subjects. Respiratory burst, @entity5752 ( @entity5752 ), and immunoglobulin (Ig)G-autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ab-oxLDL) were measured. The fraction of neutrophils spontaneously producing reactive @entity26 species (ROS) was elevated in @entity1575 (P   <   0  01). The neutrophil resting burst increased with @entity1 -Pugh stage (P   =   0  02) and correlated with augmented ROS release in response to opsonized @entity526 (P   <   0  05). Although @entity5752 was increased in @entity1 with @entity82 (P   <   0  01), higher @entity5752 levels correlated with a lower resting burst in neutrophils (r(s)    =   -0  395; P   <   0  01). In the presence of @entity281 , the resting burst was unaltered. However, neutrophil ROS release in response to @entity526 was reduced markedly (P   =   0  01), and it decreased as serum @entity25159 ( @entity25159 ) concentration rose (r(s)    =   -0  437; P   <   0  01), indicating the development of a @entity295 -like immune @entity912 . A positive correlation between ab-oxLDL and ROS release was observed (P   <   0  01). In conclusion, the respiratory burst increases with severity of @entity1575 but is restrained by increasing @entity5752 levels. Augmented ROS release in response to @entity526 is accompanied by elevated markers of oxidative damage and becomes exhausted in the presence of @entity281 .

title: The augmented neutrophil respiratory burst in response to @entity526 is reduced in XXXX during @entity281 .

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: Several functional abnormalities in phagocytes from @entity1 with @entity1575 contribute to an increased risk of @entity281 . An increased resting respiratory burst has been observed in neutrophils from cirrhotic @entity1 . We investigated whether an @entity281 in @entity82 affects the respiratory burst capacity of neutrophils and monocytes in response to @entity526 . This study included 45 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity1575 and clinical signs of @entity281 , 39 @entity1 with @entity1575 in the absence of @entity281 and 29 healthy subjects. Respiratory burst, @entity5752 ( @entity5752 ), and immunoglobulin (Ig)G-autoantibodies against oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ab-oxLDL) were measured. The fraction of neutrophils spontaneously producing reactive @entity26 species (ROS) was elevated in @entity1575 (P   <   0  01). The neutrophil resting burst increased with @entity1 -Pugh stage (P   =   0  02) and correlated with augmented ROS release in response to opsonized @entity526 (P   <   0  05). Although @entity5752 was increased in @entity1 with @entity82 (P   <   0  01), higher @entity5752 levels correlated with a lower resting burst in neutrophils (r(s)    =   -0  395; P   <   0  01). In the presence of @entity281 , the resting burst was unaltered. However, neutrophil ROS release in response to @entity526 was reduced markedly (P   =   0  01), and it decreased as serum @entity25159 ( @entity25159 ) concentration rose (r(s)    =   -0  437; P   <   0  01), indicating the development of a @entity295 -like immune @entity912 . A positive correlation between ab-oxLDL and ROS release was observed (P   <   0  01). In conclusion, the respiratory burst increases with severity of @entity1575 but is restrained by increasing @entity5752 levels. Augmented ROS release in response to @entity526 is accompanied by elevated markers of oxidative damage and becomes exhausted in the presence of @entity281 .

title: The augmented neutrophil respiratory burst in response to @entity526 is reduced in @entity1575 during XXXX .

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the @entity691 covers versus carbomer eye drops to prevent @entity936 in intensive care unit @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Concerns about eye care for @entity3124 @entity1 remain an issue. Few studies have focused on the effect of @entity691 covers and eye drops. In addition, there are no studies comparing @entity691 covers and carbomer eye drops for @entity3124 @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomised and contralateral eye study was conducted. METHODS: The study took place in an intensive care unit in 2007. Thirty-six eyes of 18 @entity1 , who were under mechanical ventilation or unconscious for more than 24 hours in the intensive care unit, were studied. After examining the eyes of the @entity1 with the Schirmer 1 test and @entity941 dye test, suitable @entity1 were included in the study. One eye of the @entity1 was randomly covered with a @entity691 cover every 12 hours, and carbomer drops were instilled on the other eye every six hours. All eyes were checked for an ocular surface abnormality by the same ophthalmologist everyday. The study interventions were continued until a defect was detected or for five days. @entity1 with a defect detected completed the study and were recorded as positive for the primary endpoint. Results.    Carbomer drop was effective in prophylaxis of @entity936 in only three of 18 @entity1 , whereas @entity691 cover showed greater effect in 18 of 18 eyes at the end of the study (SD 0  3835, Z = -3  873, p < 0  001). A negative effect of greater rima palpebra in the resting position was observed in the efficacy of carbomer drop (r = -0  476, p < 0  05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a @entity691 cover is significantly effective in prevention of @entity936 in intensive care @entity1 . As an eye care intervention, the effectiveness of @entity691 cover should be supported by further studies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study, which is an initial step in preventing @entity936 in @entity3124 @entity1 , also offers a new and effective eye care method in these @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness of @entity691 covers versus carbomer drops (Viscotears) to prevent @entity936 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye syndrome']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the @entity691 covers versus carbomer eye drops to prevent @entity936 in intensive care unit @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Concerns about eye care for @entity3124 @entity1 remain an issue. Few studies have focused on the effect of @entity691 covers and eye drops. In addition, there are no studies comparing @entity691 covers and carbomer eye drops for @entity3124 @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomised and contralateral eye study was conducted. METHODS: The study took place in an intensive care unit in 2007. Thirty-six eyes of 18 @entity1 , who were under mechanical ventilation or unconscious for more than 24 hours in the intensive care unit, were studied. After examining the eyes of the @entity1 with the Schirmer 1 test and @entity941 dye test, suitable @entity1 were included in the study. One eye of the @entity1 was randomly covered with a @entity691 cover every 12 hours, and carbomer drops were instilled on the other eye every six hours. All eyes were checked for an ocular surface abnormality by the same ophthalmologist everyday. The study interventions were continued until a defect was detected or for five days. @entity1 with a defect detected completed the study and were recorded as positive for the primary endpoint. Results.    Carbomer drop was effective in prophylaxis of @entity936 in only three of 18 @entity1 , whereas @entity691 cover showed greater effect in 18 of 18 eyes at the end of the study (SD 0  3835, Z = -3  873, p < 0  001). A negative effect of greater rima palpebra in the resting position was observed in the efficacy of carbomer drop (r = -0  476, p < 0  05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a @entity691 cover is significantly effective in prevention of @entity936 in intensive care @entity1 . As an eye care intervention, the effectiveness of @entity691 cover should be supported by further studies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study, which is an initial step in preventing @entity936 in @entity3124 @entity1 , also offers a new and effective eye care method in these @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness of XXXX covers versus carbomer drops (Viscotears) to prevent @entity936 in the @entity3124 .

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the @entity691 covers versus carbomer eye drops to prevent @entity936 in intensive care unit @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Concerns about eye care for @entity3124 @entity1 remain an issue. Few studies have focused on the effect of @entity691 covers and eye drops. In addition, there are no studies comparing @entity691 covers and carbomer eye drops for @entity3124 @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomised and contralateral eye study was conducted. METHODS: The study took place in an intensive care unit in 2007. Thirty-six eyes of 18 @entity1 , who were under mechanical ventilation or unconscious for more than 24 hours in the intensive care unit, were studied. After examining the eyes of the @entity1 with the Schirmer 1 test and @entity941 dye test, suitable @entity1 were included in the study. One eye of the @entity1 was randomly covered with a @entity691 cover every 12 hours, and carbomer drops were instilled on the other eye every six hours. All eyes were checked for an ocular surface abnormality by the same ophthalmologist everyday. The study interventions were continued until a defect was detected or for five days. @entity1 with a defect detected completed the study and were recorded as positive for the primary endpoint. Results.    Carbomer drop was effective in prophylaxis of @entity936 in only three of 18 @entity1 , whereas @entity691 cover showed greater effect in 18 of 18 eyes at the end of the study (SD 0  3835, Z = -3  873, p < 0  001). A negative effect of greater rima palpebra in the resting position was observed in the efficacy of carbomer drop (r = -0  476, p < 0  05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a @entity691 cover is significantly effective in prevention of @entity936 in intensive care @entity1 . As an eye care intervention, the effectiveness of @entity691 cover should be supported by further studies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study, which is an initial step in preventing @entity936 in @entity3124 @entity1 , also offers a new and effective eye care method in these @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness of @entity691 covers versus carbomer drops (Viscotears) to prevent XXXX in the @entity3124 .

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['dry eye syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Medication error prevention has become a priority in health care. The Joint Commission recommends that a list of medications, dosages, and @entity566 be obtained from all @entity1 . The authors sought to determine the accuracy of medication history taking in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) triage. The hypothesis was that there would be significant discrepancies between medications listed in triage and those the @entity1 was actually taking. METHODS: This was a prospective, cross-sectional survey of adult @entity1 presenting to the @entity341 . As a part of regular care, nurses recorded a medication list during triage in the electronic medical record (EMR). For this study, the triage medication list was rechecked during an independent @entity1 interview. RESULTS: Of 1,797 @entity1 approached, 1,657 completed the survey (92%). The mean age was 39 years (standard deviation [SD]   16 years). Discrepancies in medication lists obtained during triage were documented in 626 (37%) @entity1 . Discontinued medications (163, 9.8%) were included, additional medications (463, 27.9%) were omitted, and 632 @entity1 (38%) reported taking a nonprescription medication not listed in the EMR. CONCLUSIONS: Medication histories performed in @entity341 triage are inaccurate and incomplete.

title: Medication history taking in XXXX triage is inaccurate and incomplete.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: AIMS: The prognostic values of left ventricular ejection fraction ( @entity50067 ) during @entity712 ( @entity712 ) with acute decompensation or after optimal treatment have not been extensively studied. We hypothesized that posttreatment @entity50067 has superior predictive value for long-term prognosis than @entity50067 at admission does. METHODS AND RESULTS: In Protocol 1, 428 @entity712 ( @entity697 ) @entity1 with @entity50067  <=35% in a tertiary medical center were enrolled and followed for a mean period of 34.7    10.8 months. The primary and secondary end points were all-cause mortality and @entity712 readmission, respectively. In total, 86 deaths and 240 @entity712 readmissions were recorded. The predictive values of baseline @entity50067 at admission and @entity50067 6 months posttreatment were analyzed and compared. The posttreatment LVEFs were predictive for future events (P = 0.01 for all-cause mortality, P < 0.001 for @entity712 readmission), but the baseline LVEFs were not. In Protocol 2, the outcomes of @entity1 with improved @entity50067 (change of @entity50067 : >= +10%), unchanged @entity50067 (change of @entity50067 : -10% to +10%), and reduced @entity50067 (change of @entity50067 :  <=-10%) were analyzed and compared. Improved @entity50067 occurred in 171 @entity1 and was associated with a superior long-term prognosis among all groups (P = 0.02 for all-cause mortality, P < 0.001 for @entity712 readmission). In Protocol 3, independent predictors of improved @entity50067 were analyzed, and baseline LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was identified as a powerful predictor in @entity697 @entity1 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity697 , posttreatment @entity50067 but not baseline @entity50067 had prognostic power. Improved @entity50067 was associated with superior long-term prognosis, and baseline LVEDD identified @entity1 who were more likely to have improved @entity50067 . Therefore, baseline @entity50067 should not be considered a relevant prognosis factor in clinical practice for @entity1 with @entity697 .

title: Comparison of Baseline versus Posttreatment Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in @entity1 with XXXX for Predicting Cardiovascular Outcome: Implications from Single-Center @entity712 Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'acute decompensated HF', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Acute Decompensated Heart Failure']


abstract: AIMS: The prognostic values of left ventricular ejection fraction ( @entity50067 ) during @entity712 ( @entity712 ) with acute decompensation or after optimal treatment have not been extensively studied. We hypothesized that posttreatment @entity50067 has superior predictive value for long-term prognosis than @entity50067 at admission does. METHODS AND RESULTS: In Protocol 1, 428 @entity712 ( @entity697 ) @entity1 with @entity50067  <=35% in a tertiary medical center were enrolled and followed for a mean period of 34.7    10.8 months. The primary and secondary end points were all-cause mortality and @entity712 readmission, respectively. In total, 86 deaths and 240 @entity712 readmissions were recorded. The predictive values of baseline @entity50067 at admission and @entity50067 6 months posttreatment were analyzed and compared. The posttreatment LVEFs were predictive for future events (P = 0.01 for all-cause mortality, P < 0.001 for @entity712 readmission), but the baseline LVEFs were not. In Protocol 2, the outcomes of @entity1 with improved @entity50067 (change of @entity50067 : >= +10%), unchanged @entity50067 (change of @entity50067 : -10% to +10%), and reduced @entity50067 (change of @entity50067 :  <=-10%) were analyzed and compared. Improved @entity50067 occurred in 171 @entity1 and was associated with a superior long-term prognosis among all groups (P = 0.02 for all-cause mortality, P < 0.001 for @entity712 readmission). In Protocol 3, independent predictors of improved @entity50067 were analyzed, and baseline LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was identified as a powerful predictor in @entity697 @entity1 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity697 , posttreatment @entity50067 but not baseline @entity50067 had prognostic power. Improved @entity50067 was associated with superior long-term prognosis, and baseline LVEDD identified @entity1 who were more likely to have improved @entity50067 . Therefore, baseline @entity50067 should not be considered a relevant prognosis factor in clinical practice for @entity1 with @entity697 .

title: Comparison of Baseline versus Posttreatment Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in @entity1 with @entity712 for Predicting Cardiovascular Outcome: Implications from Single-Center XXXX Cohort.

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Systolic Heart Failure']


abstract: AIMS: The prognostic values of left ventricular ejection fraction ( @entity50067 ) during @entity712 ( @entity712 ) with acute decompensation or after optimal treatment have not been extensively studied. We hypothesized that posttreatment @entity50067 has superior predictive value for long-term prognosis than @entity50067 at admission does. METHODS AND RESULTS: In Protocol 1, 428 @entity712 ( @entity697 ) @entity1 with @entity50067  <=35% in a tertiary medical center were enrolled and followed for a mean period of 34.7    10.8 months. The primary and secondary end points were all-cause mortality and @entity712 readmission, respectively. In total, 86 deaths and 240 @entity712 readmissions were recorded. The predictive values of baseline @entity50067 at admission and @entity50067 6 months posttreatment were analyzed and compared. The posttreatment LVEFs were predictive for future events (P = 0.01 for all-cause mortality, P < 0.001 for @entity712 readmission), but the baseline LVEFs were not. In Protocol 2, the outcomes of @entity1 with improved @entity50067 (change of @entity50067 : >= +10%), unchanged @entity50067 (change of @entity50067 : -10% to +10%), and reduced @entity50067 (change of @entity50067 :  <=-10%) were analyzed and compared. Improved @entity50067 occurred in 171 @entity1 and was associated with a superior long-term prognosis among all groups (P = 0.02 for all-cause mortality, P < 0.001 for @entity712 readmission). In Protocol 3, independent predictors of improved @entity50067 were analyzed, and baseline LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) was identified as a powerful predictor in @entity697 @entity1 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity697 , posttreatment @entity50067 but not baseline @entity50067 had prognostic power. Improved @entity50067 was associated with superior long-term prognosis, and baseline LVEDD identified @entity1 who were more likely to have improved @entity50067 . Therefore, baseline @entity50067 should not be considered a relevant prognosis factor in clinical practice for @entity1 with @entity697 .

title: Comparison of Baseline versus Posttreatment Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in XXXX with @entity712 for Predicting Cardiovascular Outcome: Implications from Single-Center @entity712 Cohort.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']