abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although several lines of evidence implicate gray @entity62 in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in @entity1 with @entity162 , findings have been largely inconsistent across studies. Differences in @entity1 ' medication status or mood state or the application of traditional volumetric methods that are insensitive to subtle neuroanatomical differences may have contributed to variations in findings. The authors used MRI in conjunction with cortical pattern matching methods to assess @entity2526 in euthymic bipolar @entity1 who were not receiving @entity1091 treatment. METHOD: Thirty-four @entity1091 -free euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 and 31 healthy comparison subjects underwent MRI scanning. Data were processed to measure cortical gray matter thickness. Thickness maps were spatially normalized using cortical pattern matching and were analyzed to assess illness effects and associations with clinical variables. RESULTS: Relative to healthy comparison subjects, euthymic bipolar @entity1 had significantly thinner gray matter in the left and right prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's areas 11, 10, 8, and 44) and the left anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's areas 24/32). Thinning in these regions was more pronounced in @entity1 with a history of @entity716 . No areas of thicker cortex were detected in bipolar @entity1 relative to healthy comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Using a technique that is highly sensitive to subtle neuroanatomical differences, significant regional cortical thinning was found in @entity1091 -free euthymic @entity1 with @entity162 .

title: Investigation of XXXX in @entity1091 -free adults with @entity162 using cortical pattern matching.

answer: @entity2526 :: (MESH:D025063,Disease) :: ['cortical thickness abnormalities']


abstract: With an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antigen, specific @entity7110 ( @entity7110 ) were demonstrated in experimental and @entity1 @entity3252 . In experimentally infected @entity19 , @entity7110 became demonstrable as soon as antibodies appeared after fatal infection. When a nonvirulent strain of Toxoplasma was used @entity7110 remained detectable for several weeks. This period was characterized by clinically healthy animals with increasing antibody titers and by cysts growing in the brains of the animals, indicating a subacute stage of the toxoplasma infection. In the @entity1 sera, a surprisingly high percentage of @entity7110 was demonstrated. Both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM were found in the @entity7110 ; however, IgG was seen in the majority. If the @entity1 were grouped according to other serological results, such as a combination with IgM antibodies, circulating antigens, or both, or a positive complement fixation test, increasingly more @entity7110 were observed. When sera were selected from @entity1 with clinical symptoms generally associated with @entity3252 , more @entity7110 were also again demonstrated. On the contrary, in healthy individuals (blood donors), @entity7110 were also regularly observed, suggesting that exacerbations of latent infections or reinfections may regularly occur without leading to clinical signs. In conclusion, we propose that the interpretation of a positive @entity7110 test requires great care but may provide useful information about the activity of a toxoplasma infection.

title: Demonstration of Toxoplasma antigen containing complexes in active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity7110 :: ('MESH:D007105', 'Disease') :: ['circulating immune complexes', 'CIC']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['toxoplasmosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although palliative care is a rewarding specialty, it presents emotive personal challenges for the health professionals working within it. Terminal @entity548 is arguably the most feared and distressing event in the palliative care setting, both for the @entity1 and for the health professionals looking after them. The aim of this study was to explore and reflect on the coping and support mechanisms that have helped nurses to manage these events. METHOD: Purposive sampling was used to recruit nurses from palliative care and oncology who had personal experience of managing terminal @entity548 . Semi-structured interviews were used to collect qualitative data that were then analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Saturation of data was reached after 11 @entity1 had been interviewed. RESULTS: The @entity1 had a combined experience of managing 37 @entity1 with a terminal @entity548 . The key themes that emerged were the role of the 'autopilot', having a plan, education and training, the value of debriefing and peer support, and the importance of supporting the whole team. Education and training specifically about terminal @entity548 and structured debriefing after such events were both identified by the @entity1 as currently unmet needs. CONCLUSION: Professionals working in areas in which @entity1 are at particular risk of terminal @entity548 require adequate training and education prior to these events and a structure for formal debriefing and peer support afterwards.

title: Nurses' views of the coping and support mechanisms experienced in managing terminal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Characteristically, @entity2530 affects younger @entity1 who typically refer to the orthopedic surgeon for the first time in the third to fifth decades of life, in the late stages of the disease. Femoral metal-on-metal hip resurfacing is as an alternative to conventional total hip arthroplasty in treating @entity570 . Since there are already many reports regarding the successful outcome of resurfacing in advanced @entity571 , the purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of this procedure in @entity1 with @entity2530 of the femoral head and to compare them with a matched group of @entity1 with @entity571 . MATERIAL/METHODS: This retrospective cohort study evaluated a consecutive series of 52 @entity1 with end-stage @entity2530 (28 @entity1 ) and @entity571 (24 @entity1 ) of the femoral head, managed by metal-on-metal hip resurfacing in a referral orthopedic center from Feb 2002 to May 2007. @entity158 , function and deformity were evaluated with the use of the Harris hip score after the operation. @entity1 were clinically followed for a mean of 41 months. RESULTS: The @entity1 in the @entity571 group had a significantly higher mean age than those in the @entity2530 group (47.88    12.6 vs 30.86    7.5, p=0.003). The clinical outcomes were similar for both groups. There was no significant difference in mean Harris hip score (p=0.347) and @entity572 (p=0.346) between @entity2530 and @entity571 groups after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these initial findings, we recommend MOM resurfacing as a viable treatment option for @entity1 with advanced stages of @entity2530 .

title: Total hip arthroplasty in advanced XXXX : the short-term results by metal-on-metal hip resurfacing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joint range of motion']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the hip']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prior research on @entity1 with substance use disorders has shown that lifetime physical or @entity458 is associated with more impaired functioning at treatment intake. The present study sought to determine whether physical or @entity458 also predicted treatment response (posttreatment outcomes) of individuals with substance use disorders. METHOD: Male (n = 19,989) and female (n = 622) veterans with substance use disorders were assessed with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) early in treatment and reassessed an average of 12 months later. Treatment outcomes were compared for @entity1 who did and did not report prior physical or @entity458 in the initial ASI interview. RESULTS: Lifetime physical or @entity458 predicted worse outcomes in six of seven domains of functioning, after controlling for baseline functioning, psychiatric diagnoses and demographic variables. Although @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to report being abused, the effect of abuse on treatment outcomes was similar for both genders. Psychiatric problems at baseline mediated the effect of abuse history on outcomes. Abuse history moderated the effect of treatment intensity (contacts per month) on outcomes: More frequent treatment contacts were more beneficial for abused @entity1 than for nonabused @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with substance use disorders who have a history of physical or @entity458 may have higher risk for problematic treatment outcomes as a result of greater psychiatric problems, deficits in social support and possible difficulties in establishing treatment alliance. Clinicians may consider increasing the duration and intensity of treatment to temper the negative effects of abuse on later functioning.

title: Physical and XXXX history and addiction treatment outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual abuse']


abstract: The aim of the investigation is the identification of neuronal types in the visual cortex of the @entity840 ( @entity840 ) in Nissl preparations. In two rapid Golgi series (modified by Fair  n et al. 1977) and nine Golgi-Kopsch series eleven neuronal types could be classified: 1. Neurons with long axonal main stems: Pyramidal cells (layers II-VI), pyramid-like cells (layers I, VI), spiny stellate cells (layer IV). 2. Neurons with locally distributed axons: large and small aspiny cells (layers II-VI), neuroglioform cells (layers I-VI), large sparsely spiny cells with ascending axons (Martinotti cells) (layers III-VI), small sparsely spiny cells with variable axons (layer IV), @entity162 (layers II-VI), chandelier cells (layers II, III), double bouquet cells (layers II, III), and 3. a horizontal cell in layer I without an impregnated axon. To identify Nissl stained somata, Golgi impregnated neurons were deimpregnated. Now cytoplasmic and nuclear features can be compared. In order to get a survey about the variability of the somal features, we have deimpregnated 245 neurons on the whole using either @entity21343 (Fair  n et al. 1977) combined with the rapid Golgi method, modified by Fair  n et al. (1977), or a diluted solution of @entity3265 (Braak and Braak 1982) combined with the Golgi-Kopsch method, nonembedded, in @entity653 stored material and in celloidin embedded sections, resp. After deimpregnation several neuronal classes could be distinguished considering at first the width of the cytoplasm and the localization of the nucleus. There are Nissl stained somata with corresponding features: 1. Pyramidal cells, pyramid-like cells, and spiny stellate cells of the layer IV with relatively broad cytoplasm and bright, centrally localized nuclei. 2. Large aspiny cells which vary in somal sizes and shapes with very broad cytoplasm and bright, centrally or excentrally localized nuclei. 3. Small aspiny cells, some of the neuroglioform cells, and small sparsely spiny cells of layer IV have more or less broad cytoplasm but in the most cases excentrally localized nuclei. 4. The remaining neuroglioform cells, @entity162 , and the horizontal cell of layer I are particularly poor in cytoplasm. The somata of these neuronal types are small, those of the @entity162 are vertically orientated. 5. Like the @entity162 large sparsely spiny cells with ascending axons Martinotti cells), chandelier cells, and double bouquet cells are also polarized neurons, but larger and not always vertically oriented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Classification of neurons in the visual cortex of the XXXX ( @entity840 ). A combined Golgi-Nissl study using deimpregnation technics].

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar cells']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Cavia porcellus', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity21343 :: ('MESH:C038016', 'Chemical') :: ['gold chloride']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: The aim of the investigation is the identification of neuronal types in the visual cortex of the @entity840 ( @entity840 ) in Nissl preparations. In two rapid Golgi series (modified by Fair  n et al. 1977) and nine Golgi-Kopsch series eleven neuronal types could be classified: 1. Neurons with long axonal main stems: Pyramidal cells (layers II-VI), pyramid-like cells (layers I, VI), spiny stellate cells (layer IV). 2. Neurons with locally distributed axons: large and small aspiny cells (layers II-VI), neuroglioform cells (layers I-VI), large sparsely spiny cells with ascending axons (Martinotti cells) (layers III-VI), small sparsely spiny cells with variable axons (layer IV), @entity162 (layers II-VI), chandelier cells (layers II, III), double bouquet cells (layers II, III), and 3. a horizontal cell in layer I without an impregnated axon. To identify Nissl stained somata, Golgi impregnated neurons were deimpregnated. Now cytoplasmic and nuclear features can be compared. In order to get a survey about the variability of the somal features, we have deimpregnated 245 neurons on the whole using either @entity21343 (Fair  n et al. 1977) combined with the rapid Golgi method, modified by Fair  n et al. (1977), or a diluted solution of @entity3265 (Braak and Braak 1982) combined with the Golgi-Kopsch method, nonembedded, in @entity653 stored material and in celloidin embedded sections, resp. After deimpregnation several neuronal classes could be distinguished considering at first the width of the cytoplasm and the localization of the nucleus. There are Nissl stained somata with corresponding features: 1. Pyramidal cells, pyramid-like cells, and spiny stellate cells of the layer IV with relatively broad cytoplasm and bright, centrally localized nuclei. 2. Large aspiny cells which vary in somal sizes and shapes with very broad cytoplasm and bright, centrally or excentrally localized nuclei. 3. Small aspiny cells, some of the neuroglioform cells, and small sparsely spiny cells of layer IV have more or less broad cytoplasm but in the most cases excentrally localized nuclei. 4. The remaining neuroglioform cells, @entity162 , and the horizontal cell of layer I are particularly poor in cytoplasm. The somata of these neuronal types are small, those of the @entity162 are vertically orientated. 5. Like the @entity162 large sparsely spiny cells with ascending axons Martinotti cells), chandelier cells, and double bouquet cells are also polarized neurons, but larger and not always vertically oriented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Classification of neurons in the visual cortex of the @entity840 ( XXXX ). A combined Golgi-Nissl study using deimpregnation technics].

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['Cavia porcellus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was to evaluate the subclinical @entity1002 with 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in subjects with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) with normal left ventricular ejection fraction and without any confounding disease that can cause @entity296 . METHODS: Nineteen healthy individuals and 60 subjects with @entity27 were included in this study. According to the severity of disease, @entity27 subjects were examined in 3 groups: mild, moderate, and severe @entity27 . LV apical views (for longitudinal strain) and short-axis views (for circumferential strain) were acquired for evaluation. Three-layer longitudinal strain values and circumferential strain values were determined for each view, and averages of these were used in comparison with other groups. RESULTS: Three-layer longitudinal strain values of the subjects with @entity27 were lower than those of the healthy individuals, and these values were decreased along with the @entity27 severity. The difference was significant between severe @entity27 and all other groups. Three-layer circumferential strain values of the @entity27 subjects were lower than those of the healthy individuals, and the difference was significant between the control group and all other groups. The @entity386 hypopnea index was found to be correlated with the 3-layer longitudinal strain (r = -0.74, P < .001; r = -0.72, P < .001; r = -0.69, P = <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Three-layer longitudinal and circumferential LV systolic functions in @entity27 subjects with normal left ventricular ejection fraction are deteriorated in the subclinical stage. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography can be used as an effective method in the determination of subclinical @entity296 in subjects with @entity27 .

title: A Novel Method for Sensitive Determination of Subclinical Left-Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Subjects With Obstructive Sleep XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left-ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['Apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of @entity146 comorbidity in @entity7551 @entity1 . METHOD: The psychological investigation and evaluation were done in 100 @entity7551 @entity1 by using self-reporting inventory 90 (SCL-90). All the results were compared with healthy Chinese population, including factors of gender, age, course of disease and education level, using rank-sum test analysis, SPSS 19.0. RESULT: Mild and moderate levels of @entity716 were respectively noted in 65% and 14%, with high score of somatization (P < 0.05), obsession (P < 0.05), interpersonal sensitivity (P < 0.05), @entity148 (P < 0.05) and other (sleep, diet, P < 0.05) compared with control group. The factor scores of obsession (P < 0.05), @entity148 (P < 0.05) in male group were higher than female group. The factor scores of somatization (P < 0.05) and obsession (P < 0.05) in junior group were higher than senior group. The factor scores of somatization (P < 0.05), interpersonal sensitivity (P < 0.05) and @entity148 (P < 0.05) in long course group were higher than short course group. The factor score of interpersonal sensitivity (P < 0.05) in low educated group was higher than highly educated group. CONCLUSION: @entity146 are prevalent in @entity7551 @entity1 , especially upon the factors of somatization, obsession, interpersonal sensitivity, @entity148 and other (sleep, diet). Male, junior, long course @entity1 and low educated are in high risk group.

title: [ @entity146 in XXXX @entity1 and its associated factor analysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity7551 :: (MESH:D010612,Disease) :: ['pharyngitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of @entity146 comorbidity in @entity7551 @entity1 . METHOD: The psychological investigation and evaluation were done in 100 @entity7551 @entity1 by using self-reporting inventory 90 (SCL-90). All the results were compared with healthy Chinese population, including factors of gender, age, course of disease and education level, using rank-sum test analysis, SPSS 19.0. RESULT: Mild and moderate levels of @entity716 were respectively noted in 65% and 14%, with high score of somatization (P < 0.05), obsession (P < 0.05), interpersonal sensitivity (P < 0.05), @entity148 (P < 0.05) and other (sleep, diet, P < 0.05) compared with control group. The factor scores of obsession (P < 0.05), @entity148 (P < 0.05) in male group were higher than female group. The factor scores of somatization (P < 0.05) and obsession (P < 0.05) in junior group were higher than senior group. The factor scores of somatization (P < 0.05), interpersonal sensitivity (P < 0.05) and @entity148 (P < 0.05) in long course group were higher than short course group. The factor score of interpersonal sensitivity (P < 0.05) in low educated group was higher than highly educated group. CONCLUSION: @entity146 are prevalent in @entity7551 @entity1 , especially upon the factors of somatization, obsession, interpersonal sensitivity, @entity148 and other (sleep, diet). Male, junior, long course @entity1 and low educated are in high risk group.

title: [ XXXX in @entity7551 @entity1 and its associated factor analysis].

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Psychiatric disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of @entity146 comorbidity in @entity7551 @entity1 . METHOD: The psychological investigation and evaluation were done in 100 @entity7551 @entity1 by using self-reporting inventory 90 (SCL-90). All the results were compared with healthy Chinese population, including factors of gender, age, course of disease and education level, using rank-sum test analysis, SPSS 19.0. RESULT: Mild and moderate levels of @entity716 were respectively noted in 65% and 14%, with high score of somatization (P < 0.05), obsession (P < 0.05), interpersonal sensitivity (P < 0.05), @entity148 (P < 0.05) and other (sleep, diet, P < 0.05) compared with control group. The factor scores of obsession (P < 0.05), @entity148 (P < 0.05) in male group were higher than female group. The factor scores of somatization (P < 0.05) and obsession (P < 0.05) in junior group were higher than senior group. The factor scores of somatization (P < 0.05), interpersonal sensitivity (P < 0.05) and @entity148 (P < 0.05) in long course group were higher than short course group. The factor score of interpersonal sensitivity (P < 0.05) in low educated group was higher than highly educated group. CONCLUSION: @entity146 are prevalent in @entity7551 @entity1 , especially upon the factors of somatization, obsession, interpersonal sensitivity, @entity148 and other (sleep, diet). Male, junior, long course @entity1 and low educated are in high risk group.

title: [ @entity146 in @entity7551 XXXX and its associated factor analysis].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical effects and superiority of applying external fixation and bone transport to treat @entity4034 and @entity79 . METHODS: From August 2008 to December 2013,16 @entity1 with @entity4034 and @entity79 were treated including 11 males and 5 females with an average age of 42 years old ranging from 13 to 62 years old. The average course of disease was 18 months ranging from 2 months to 4.5 years, and the average length of @entity79 was 7.8 cm ranging from 4.5 to 15 cm. The @entity79 of all cases were treated by external fixation and bone transport, the bone transport began at 1 week after operation, 1 mm per day and 4 times per day. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up for 10 to 36 months (means 22.5 months). One @entity1 did not cooperate with treatment leads to the failure, then took the amputation. The remaining 15 cases of @entity4034 were under control, including 12 cases of bone transport achieved one stage bone union, 3 cases achieved bone union via bone graft from iliac bone. The bone union time was 5 to 13 months(means 7.9 months). Thirteen @entity1 almost obtained the same length of two lower extremities,2 @entity1 had shortening of 1.5 to 2 cm. The time of moving the external fixation was from 6 to 16 months (means 9.3 months). CONCLUSION: Application of external fixation and bone transport is an effective method in treating the @entity4034 and @entity79 that can control the @entity281 , eradicate wounds, and be the equalization of limb length.

title: [Treatment of XXXX and @entity79 of femoral shaft by external fixation and bone transport].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect', 'bone defect of femoral bone']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical effects and superiority of applying external fixation and bone transport to treat @entity4034 and @entity79 . METHODS: From August 2008 to December 2013,16 @entity1 with @entity4034 and @entity79 were treated including 11 males and 5 females with an average age of 42 years old ranging from 13 to 62 years old. The average course of disease was 18 months ranging from 2 months to 4.5 years, and the average length of @entity79 was 7.8 cm ranging from 4.5 to 15 cm. The @entity79 of all cases were treated by external fixation and bone transport, the bone transport began at 1 week after operation, 1 mm per day and 4 times per day. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up for 10 to 36 months (means 22.5 months). One @entity1 did not cooperate with treatment leads to the failure, then took the amputation. The remaining 15 cases of @entity4034 were under control, including 12 cases of bone transport achieved one stage bone union, 3 cases achieved bone union via bone graft from iliac bone. The bone union time was 5 to 13 months(means 7.9 months). Thirteen @entity1 almost obtained the same length of two lower extremities,2 @entity1 had shortening of 1.5 to 2 cm. The time of moving the external fixation was from 6 to 16 months (means 9.3 months). CONCLUSION: Application of external fixation and bone transport is an effective method in treating the @entity4034 and @entity79 that can control the @entity281 , eradicate wounds, and be the equalization of limb length.

title: [Treatment of @entity4034 and XXXX of femoral shaft by external fixation and bone transport].

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are suggestions that @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) @entity73 in executive attention control and emotion regulation. This study investigated emotion regulation as a function of the recruitment of executive attention in @entity1 with @entity71 . METHODS: Thirty-five healthy @entity1 /adolescents (mean age  =  13.91) and twenty-six @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 (mean age  =  14.53) participated in this fMRI study. They completed the affective Stroop paradigm viewing positive, neutral and negative images under varying cognitive loads. A 3-way ANOVA (diagnosis-by-condition-by-emotion) was conducted on the BOLD response data. Following this, 2 3-way ANOVAs (diagnosis-by-condition-by-emotion) were applied to context-dependent psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analyses generated from a dorsomedial frontal cortex and an amygdala seed (identified from the BOLD response ANOVA main effects of condition and emotion respectively). RESULTS: A diagnosis-by-condition interaction within dorsomedial frontal cortex revealed reduced recruitment of dorsomedial frontal cortex as a function of increased task demands in the @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 relative to healthy @entity1 /adolescents. The level of reduction in recruitment of dorsomedial frontal cortex was significantly correlated with symptom severity (total and @entity2915 ) measured by Conner's Parent Report Scale in the @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 . In addition, analysis of gPPI data from a dorsomedial frontal cortex seed revealed significant diagnosis-by-condition interactions within lateral frontal cortex; connectivity between dorsomedial frontal cortex and lateral frontal cortex was reduced in the @entity1 with @entity71 relative to comparison youth during congruent and incongruent task trials relative to view trials. There were no interactions of group, or main effect of group, within the amygdala in the BOLD response ANOVA (though @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 showed increased responses to positive images within temporal cortical regions during task trials; identified by the diagnosis-by-condition-by-emotion interaction). However, analysis of gPPI data from an amygdala seed revealed decreased connectivity between amygdala and lentiform nucleus in the presence of emotional stimuli in @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 (diagnosis-by-emotion interaction). CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrated disrupted recruitment of regions implicated in executive function and impaired connectivity within those regions in @entity1 /adolescents with @entity71 . There were also indications of heightened representation of emotional stimuli in @entity1 with @entity71 . However, as the findings were specific for positive stimuli, the suggestion of a general failure in emotion regulation in @entity71 was not supported.

title: Executive attention control and emotional responding in XXXX - A functional MRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['show impairment']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postanoxic @entity75 is frequent in @entity1 presenting with abrupt @entity1167 or @entity1576 . Little is known about the effectiveness of oral medications on the cognitive and motor consequences. OBJECTIVE: To present data suggesting partial improvement after administration of levodopa/ @entity18776 . METHODS: After observing partial benefit in one case, each @entity1 admitted to rehabilitation following @entity12807 was systematically treated with levodopa/ @entity18776 (200/50 to 400/100 mg/day), then @entity2847 (15 mg/day). RESULTS: In the first @entity1 , @entity12807 was severe, with secondary @entity2146 , @entity1688 , @entity2358 , @entity497 . Introduction of levodopa/ @entity18776 resulted in @entity2146 and @entity2358 and improvement of communication, thus facilitating care and rehabilitation efforts. A weaning test resulted in rapid worsening. The four following @entity1 also presented with @entity519 of variable severity. Marked improvement was observed in case 2, presenting with @entity2146 , loss of orientation, @entity2730 , @entity74 , @entity2358 and @entity1282 , with a withdrawal test resulting in immediate re-enhancement of symptoms. Modest improvement was observed in @entity1 3, who had @entity2845 , @entity2003 , @entity6564 , impaired attention, and reduced verbal fluency. @entity1 4 presented with @entity2414 without motor difficulties: mild improvement was observed in daily life and memory tests. In @entity1 5 who also presented with severe @entity2414 , the benefit was absent. In each case, @entity2847 was introduced 3-4 weeks following levodopa, but without additive effect. Both treatments could be interrupted after a few months, without worsening. CONCLUSIONS: Levodopa and @entity18776 can be of benefit in the few months following @entity12807 , especially on some of the @entity1957 and apathy, but the benefit is inconstant and modest on @entity2414 . @entity519 could alter dopaminergic mesencephalic systems, which activate the striatal and mediobasal frontal cortex, and these disorders could be partially reversible by medical treatment.

title: Levodopa and XXXX in hypoxic brain injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity18776 :: ('MESH:D001545', 'Chemical') :: ['benserazide']

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['brain anoxia']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor disorders']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['anoxia', 'Anoxia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['inattention and communication disorders']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of agitation', 'agitation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['postural disorders']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disorders']

answer: @entity2847 :: (MESH:D001971,Chemical) :: ['bromocriptine']


abstract: Thirty-six @entity1 with histologically proven @entity421 of the extremities, treated between September 1975 and April 1978, are the subject of this report. The @entity5 was treated with radical surgery. @entity1 received 2000 cGy whole lung irradiation postoperatively in an attempt to control micrometastases to the lung. Twenty-nine of the @entity1 were given @entity632 (60 mg/m2 IV every 6 weeks for a total dose of 550 mg/m2) in addition to the irradiation. The median, disease-free interval was 118 days for the seven @entity1 treated with lung irradiation only. The median overall survival for these @entity1 is 241 days, with one @entity1 alive with disease. All @entity1 developed lung metastasis. For the 29 @entity1 treated with postoperative lung irradiation and @entity632 , the median disease-free interval was 372 days, and the median overall survival is 843 days. Nineteen of the @entity1 recurred (65.5%). The differences are statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.003, median disease-free survival and p less than or equal to 0.03, median survival). This study supports the role of whole lung irradiation plus @entity632 , in the control of micrometastases in @entity421 of the extremities and suggests that additional clinical trials are warranted.

title: Postoperative whole lung irradiation with or without @entity632 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteogenic sarcoma']


abstract: Thirty-six @entity1 with histologically proven @entity421 of the extremities, treated between September 1975 and April 1978, are the subject of this report. The @entity5 was treated with radical surgery. @entity1 received 2000 cGy whole lung irradiation postoperatively in an attempt to control micrometastases to the lung. Twenty-nine of the @entity1 were given @entity632 (60 mg/m2 IV every 6 weeks for a total dose of 550 mg/m2) in addition to the irradiation. The median, disease-free interval was 118 days for the seven @entity1 treated with lung irradiation only. The median overall survival for these @entity1 is 241 days, with one @entity1 alive with disease. All @entity1 developed lung metastasis. For the 29 @entity1 treated with postoperative lung irradiation and @entity632 , the median disease-free interval was 372 days, and the median overall survival is 843 days. Nineteen of the @entity1 recurred (65.5%). The differences are statistically significant (p less than or equal to 0.003, median disease-free survival and p less than or equal to 0.03, median survival). This study supports the role of whole lung irradiation plus @entity632 , in the control of micrometastases in @entity421 of the extremities and suggests that additional clinical trials are warranted.

title: Postoperative whole lung irradiation with or without XXXX in @entity421 .

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity65 are the most common causes of early mortality after liver transplant. We evaluated the causes of @entity1576 as an early postoperative @entity358 in liver transplant recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 who underwent orthotropic liver transplant between 2001 and 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. Clinical and demographic variables and @entity358 at the first and second visit after transplant were noted. The first visit was within the first week and the second was between 1 and 4 weeks after transplant. An arterial @entity26 saturation value below 90% in room air for at least 1 day was considered a medically significant @entity1576 . RESULTS: Our study included 204 (148 @entity1 and 56 @entity1 ; mean age 43.0.4    13.06 y) adult liver transplant recipients (46 from deceased and 158 from living donors). At the first visit after transplant, 161 @entity1 (79%) had @entity260 , including @entity1143 accompanied by @entity891 (47.1%), only @entity891 (17.2%), and only @entity1143 (10.3%). At the second visit, complications included @entity891 associated with @entity1143 (12.3%) and @entity55 (12.3%). All @entity1 had documented @entity1576 at the first visit, and 92 @entity1 (45.1%) had @entity1576 at the second visit. Causes of @entity1576 at the first visit included @entity891 in 35 @entity1 (17.2%) and @entity891 accompanied by @entity1143 in 96 @entity1 (47.1%). At the second visit, 25 of 161 @entity1 (25.3%) had @entity1576 due to @entity55 . Other causes included @entity891 accompanied by @entity1143 (24.2%) and @entity1143 (23.2%). Ninety-seven @entity1 had no @entity358 . The mortality rate was 6.4% within the first visit and 8.7% within the second visit. CONCLUSIONS: @entity55 , @entity891 , and @entity1143 can cause @entity1576 within the first month after liver transplant. Early pulmonary examination, diagnosis, and treatment can improve @entity1 survival.

title: Awareness of XXXX Can Predict Early Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Liver Transplant Recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications', 'pulmonary complication']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular and respiratory system complications']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity644 is a major cause of @entity631 progression in @entity8 , and the development of @entity454 is more rapid in @entity1985 @entity1 than in nonnephrotic ones. The @entity8 is less regenerable because it is a tissue consisting of renal cells. Thus, stem cells obtained from fetal kidney tissue might be effective for reducing @entity644 and delaying @entity631 in these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This report presents preliminary data from a prospective cohort study that included 17 @entity1 with chronic @entity631 in stage 2 to 4 @entity740 who completed 3 visits during 1 year of follow-up. Fetal renal stem cells (multiple cells in suspension) were injected into the @entity1 every 6 months. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to their @entity1985 status, and 24-hour maximal @entity644 was recorded for at least 6 months (first group with @entity644 < 3.5 g/24 h, and second group with @entity644 > 3.5 g/24 h). RESULTS: During follow-up, group 1 was observed to have stable hemoglobin and total protein levels but significantly decreased albumin levels and glomerular filtration rates. In group 2, total protein with serum albumin significantly increased, and @entity644 and glomerular filtration rates significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in glomerular filtration rate decline between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with fetal renal stem cells significantly decreased @entity644 in @entity1985 @entity1 . However, this outcome also might have resulted from a reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Further studies with a larger number of @entity1 and a control group would help to achieve better results that measure the efficacy of this treatment.

title: Fetal Renal Stem Cell Transplant in Nephrotic and XXXX with Stage 2-4 @entity740 : Potential Effect on @entity644 and Glomerular Filtration Rate.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal parenchyma', 'glomerular diseases']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['Nonnephrotic Glomerulonephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity644 is a major cause of @entity631 progression in @entity8 , and the development of @entity454 is more rapid in @entity1985 @entity1 than in nonnephrotic ones. The @entity8 is less regenerable because it is a tissue consisting of renal cells. Thus, stem cells obtained from fetal kidney tissue might be effective for reducing @entity644 and delaying @entity631 in these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This report presents preliminary data from a prospective cohort study that included 17 @entity1 with chronic @entity631 in stage 2 to 4 @entity740 who completed 3 visits during 1 year of follow-up. Fetal renal stem cells (multiple cells in suspension) were injected into the @entity1 every 6 months. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to their @entity1985 status, and 24-hour maximal @entity644 was recorded for at least 6 months (first group with @entity644 < 3.5 g/24 h, and second group with @entity644 > 3.5 g/24 h). RESULTS: During follow-up, group 1 was observed to have stable hemoglobin and total protein levels but significantly decreased albumin levels and glomerular filtration rates. In group 2, total protein with serum albumin significantly increased, and @entity644 and glomerular filtration rates significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in glomerular filtration rate decline between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with fetal renal stem cells significantly decreased @entity644 in @entity1985 @entity1 . However, this outcome also might have resulted from a reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Further studies with a larger number of @entity1 and a control group would help to achieve better results that measure the efficacy of this treatment.

title: Fetal Renal Stem Cell Transplant in Nephrotic and @entity631 with Stage 2-4 XXXX : Potential Effect on @entity644 and Glomerular Filtration Rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity644 is a major cause of @entity631 progression in @entity8 , and the development of @entity454 is more rapid in @entity1985 @entity1 than in nonnephrotic ones. The @entity8 is less regenerable because it is a tissue consisting of renal cells. Thus, stem cells obtained from fetal kidney tissue might be effective for reducing @entity644 and delaying @entity631 in these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This report presents preliminary data from a prospective cohort study that included 17 @entity1 with chronic @entity631 in stage 2 to 4 @entity740 who completed 3 visits during 1 year of follow-up. Fetal renal stem cells (multiple cells in suspension) were injected into the @entity1 every 6 months. @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to their @entity1985 status, and 24-hour maximal @entity644 was recorded for at least 6 months (first group with @entity644 < 3.5 g/24 h, and second group with @entity644 > 3.5 g/24 h). RESULTS: During follow-up, group 1 was observed to have stable hemoglobin and total protein levels but significantly decreased albumin levels and glomerular filtration rates. In group 2, total protein with serum albumin significantly increased, and @entity644 and glomerular filtration rates significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in glomerular filtration rate decline between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with fetal renal stem cells significantly decreased @entity644 in @entity1985 @entity1 . However, this outcome also might have resulted from a reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Further studies with a larger number of @entity1 and a control group would help to achieve better results that measure the efficacy of this treatment.

title: Fetal Renal Stem Cell Transplant in Nephrotic and @entity631 with Stage 2-4 @entity740 : Potential Effect on XXXX and Glomerular Filtration Rate.

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['Proteinuria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Key Messages: (1) Standard treatment of @entity775 in adults should be @entity479 based. In early trials, @entity617 +/- @entity500 was superior to the @entity500 mono-therapy (which was not significantly better than placebo). @entity617 plus @entity500 has similar efficacy to, but is better tolerated than a higher-dose of @entity617 alone and therefore has become standard therapy. (2) In most treated patients, serum transaminases and globulin/IgG fall, but percentage attaining normal values within 6 months varies between 10 and 90%. @entity1 failing to do so have a worse longer-term outcome. (3) A higher initial @entity617 dose (1 mg/kg/day) plus @entity500 achieved 76% serum transaminase normalisation after 6 months but needs longer-term evaluation. (4) Histological remission (minimal @entity99 on re-biopsy) lags behind transaminase normalisation by 6-12 months and is achieved in 55-70% of @entity1 after 24-36 months @entity617 . This lag and the inefficacy of @entity500 mono-therapy justifies continuing @entity617 (5-10 mg/day), even after transaminase normalisation, for a total of >2 years. (5) Repeat biopsy should be considered because 40-60% of @entity1 still have (usually mild) persisting @entity32 , despite normal serum transaminases and IgG. In such @entity1 , @entity82 is less likely to regress and long-term mortality is higher. (6) In a large trial, non-cirrhotic treatment-na  ve @entity1 given @entity4184 (9 mg/day) plus @entity500 were more likely to achieve normal serum ALT after 6 months than those receiving @entity617 plus @entity500 and had less side effects. This trial was short term in nature and lacked follow-up histology. @entity4184 is recommended in non-cirrhotic @entity1 who develop @entity617 -related side effects. In an open study of @entity6051 plus @entity617 , 88% of treatment-na  ve @entity1 achieved normal serum transaminases. However, half relapsed during or after @entity479 withdrawal and only one of eight re-biopsied @entity1 achieved histological remission. @entity6051 is teratogenic, limiting its use in younger @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Despite its limitations, no regime has yet been shown clearly to be better than @entity617 and @entity500 -based therapy.

title: Standard Treatment in Adults: Which XXXX ? Or without Steroids?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide', 'budesonide']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate', 'Mycophenolate']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisolone', 'prednisolone']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: We sought to determine (1) the ultrastructural localization and (2) the extrinsic sources of @entity1929 -like immunoreactivity (NTLI) in the parabrachial region (PBR). The brains from untreated adult male @entity35 and from others that received intraventricular injections of @entity3812 (100 micrograms/7.5 microliters saline) 24 hours prior to @entity204 were fixed by perfusion with @entity8697 or @entity3584 and @entity1604 . Coronal sections were immunocytochemically labeled with a polyclonal rabbit antiserum to @entity1929 and the PAP method. Western dot-blots and immunocytochemical labeling with adsorbed antiserum revealed significant cross-reaction only against NT, NT8-13, and @entity1160 ( @entity7647 )4-NT. In the ultrastructural study, the most numerous labeled profiles were axons and axon terminals in both @entity3812 -treated and control animals. The terminals containing NTLI were characterized by a mixed population of small, clear and large, dense core vesicles; asymmetric junctions principally with unlabeled dendrites; and a few synaptic specializations with unlabeled axon terminals. Compared to axon terminals, relatively few perikarya or dendrites had detectable levels of NTLI in either untreated or @entity3812 -treated animals. The labeled perikarya measured 8-10 microns in longest cross-sectional diameter, contained NTLI throughout a narrow rim of cytoplasm, and received a few somatic synapses from unlabeled terminals. From the relative density of axon terminals and sparsity of perikarya and dendrites, we conclude that the NTLI in the PBR is principally derived from extrinsic neurons. However, the intrinsic neurons with NTLI may also contribute to the immunoreactivity in the axon terminals of the PBR. We sought to determine the precise location of the extrinsic neurons that contribute to the NTLI in axon terminals in the PBR. Following unilateral injections of @entity3505 germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), dual labeling was most evident in a large population of neurons located in the dorsal, medial and commissural nuclei of the solitary tracts, ipsilateral to the side of the injection. However, a few perikarya containing both the retrogradely transported WGA-HRP and immunocytochemical labels for NT were also detected in the caudal ventrolateral reticular formation, the locus coeruleus, and the paraventricular and lateral hypothalamic nuclei. We conclude that (1) NT or a closely related peptide is present in intrinsic neurons and multiple afferent pathways to the PBR; and (2) the axon terminals with NTLI have synaptic interactions with dendrites of intrinsic neurons and with axon terminals that may have either extrinsic or intrinsic origins.

title: XXXX in the @entity35 parabrachial region: ultrastructural localization and extrinsic sources of immunoreactivity.

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity8697 :: ('MESH:D000171', 'Chemical') :: ['acrolein']

answer: @entity1929 :: (299757(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Neurotensin']


abstract: We sought to determine (1) the ultrastructural localization and (2) the extrinsic sources of @entity1929 -like immunoreactivity (NTLI) in the parabrachial region (PBR). The brains from untreated adult male @entity35 and from others that received intraventricular injections of @entity3812 (100 micrograms/7.5 microliters saline) 24 hours prior to @entity204 were fixed by perfusion with @entity8697 or @entity3584 and @entity1604 . Coronal sections were immunocytochemically labeled with a polyclonal rabbit antiserum to @entity1929 and the PAP method. Western dot-blots and immunocytochemical labeling with adsorbed antiserum revealed significant cross-reaction only against NT, NT8-13, and @entity1160 ( @entity7647 )4-NT. In the ultrastructural study, the most numerous labeled profiles were axons and axon terminals in both @entity3812 -treated and control animals. The terminals containing NTLI were characterized by a mixed population of small, clear and large, dense core vesicles; asymmetric junctions principally with unlabeled dendrites; and a few synaptic specializations with unlabeled axon terminals. Compared to axon terminals, relatively few perikarya or dendrites had detectable levels of NTLI in either untreated or @entity3812 -treated animals. The labeled perikarya measured 8-10 microns in longest cross-sectional diameter, contained NTLI throughout a narrow rim of cytoplasm, and received a few somatic synapses from unlabeled terminals. From the relative density of axon terminals and sparsity of perikarya and dendrites, we conclude that the NTLI in the PBR is principally derived from extrinsic neurons. However, the intrinsic neurons with NTLI may also contribute to the immunoreactivity in the axon terminals of the PBR. We sought to determine the precise location of the extrinsic neurons that contribute to the NTLI in axon terminals in the PBR. Following unilateral injections of @entity3505 germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), dual labeling was most evident in a large population of neurons located in the dorsal, medial and commissural nuclei of the solitary tracts, ipsilateral to the side of the injection. However, a few perikarya containing both the retrogradely transported WGA-HRP and immunocytochemical labels for NT were also detected in the caudal ventrolateral reticular formation, the locus coeruleus, and the paraventricular and lateral hypothalamic nuclei. We conclude that (1) NT or a closely related peptide is present in intrinsic neurons and multiple afferent pathways to the PBR; and (2) the axon terminals with NTLI have synaptic interactions with dendrites of intrinsic neurons and with axon terminals that may have either extrinsic or intrinsic origins.

title: @entity1929 in the XXXX parabrachial region: ultrastructural localization and extrinsic sources of immunoreactivity.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Litter size at d 5 (LS5) has been shown to be an effective trait to increase @entity348 ( @entity348 ) while simultaneously decreasing preweaning mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal litter size day for selection (i.e., other than d 5). Traits included @entity348 , number born alive (NBA), litter size at d 2, 5, 10, 30 (LS2, LS5, LS10, LS30, respectively), litter size at weaning (LSW), number weaned (NW), piglet mortality at d 30 (MortD30), and average piglet birth weight (BirthWt). Litter size traits were assigned to biological litters and treated as a trait of the sow. In contrast, NW was the number of piglets weaned by the nurse dam. Bivariate animal models included farm, year-season, and parity as fixed effects. Number born alive was fit as a covariate for BirthWt. Random effects included additive genetics and the permanent environment of the sow. Variance components were plotted for @entity348 , NBA, and LS2 to LS30 using univariate animal models to determine how variances changed over time. Additive genetic variance was minimized at d 7 in Large White and at d 14 in Landrace @entity1707 . Total phenotypic variance for litter size traits decreased over the first 10 d and then stabilized. Heritability estimates increased between @entity348 and LS30. Genetic correlations between @entity348 , NBA, and LS2 to LS29 with LS30 plateaued within the first 10 d. A genetic correlation with LS30 of 0.95 was reached at d 4 for Large White and at d 8 for Landrace @entity1707 . Heritability estimates ranged from 0.07 to 0.13 for litter size traits and MortD30. Birth weight had an h of 0.24 and 0.26 for Large White and Landrace @entity1707 , respectively. Genetic correlations among LS30, LSW, and NW ranged from 0.97 to 1.00. In the Large White breed, genetic correlations between MortD30 with @entity348 and LS30 were 0.23 and -0.64, respectively. These correlations were 0.10 and -0.61 in the Landrace breed. A high genetic correlation of 0.98 and 0.97 was observed between LS10 and NW for Large White and Landrace breeds, respectively. This would indicate that NW could possibly be used as an effective maternal trait, given a low level of cross-fostering, to avoid back calculating litter size traits from piglet records. Litter size at d 10 would be a compromise between gain in litter size at weaning and minimizing the potentially negative effects of the nurse dam and direct additive genetics of the piglets, as they are expected to increase throughout lactation.

title: Variance component estimates for alternative litter size traits in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total number born', 'TNB']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence is accumulating that mindfulness training has favorable effects on psychological outcomes, but studies on physiological outcomes are limited. @entity1 with @entity299 have a high incidence of physiological and psychological problems and may benefit from mindfulness training. Our aim was to determine the beneficial physiological and psychological effects of online mindfulness training in @entity1 with @entity299 . METHODS: The study was a pragmatic randomized controlled single-blind trial. Between June 2012 and April 2014 we randomized 324 @entity1 (mean age 43.2 years, 53.7% male) with @entity299 in a 2:1 ratio (n = 215 versus n = 109) to a 12-week online mindfulness training in addition to usual care (UC) compared to UC alone. The primary outcome was exercise capacity measured with the 6 minute walk test (6MWT). Secondary outcomes were other physiological parameters (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and NT-proBNP), subjective health status (SF-36), perceived stress (PSS), psychological well-being (HADS), social support (PSSS12) and a composite endpoint (all-cause mortality, @entity712 , symptomatic @entity943 , cardiac surgery, and percutaneous cardiac intervention). Linear mixed models were used to evaluate differences between groups on the repeated outcome measures. RESULTS: Compared to UC, mindfulness showed a borderline significant improved 6MWT (effect size, meters: 13.2, 95%CI: -0.02; 26.4, p = 0.050). There was also a significant lower heart rate in favor of the mindfulness group (effect size, beats per minute: -2.8, 95%CI: -5.4;-0.2, p = 0.033). No significant differences were seen on other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Mindfulness training showed positive effects on the physiological parameters exercise capacity and heart rate and it might therefore be a useful adjunct to current clinical therapy in @entity1 with @entity299 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Dutch Trial Register 3453.

title: Web-Based Mindfulness Intervention in XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Heart Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trapezial excision with ligament reconstruction and trapezial excision with ligament reconstruction combined with tendon interposition have proven to be highly effective techniques for treating @entity571 of the thumb carpometacarpal joint. To determine whether tendon interposition and proximal migration of the thumb metacarpal affect the objective and subjective outcomes, we compared the long-term outcomes of these two procedures performed in similar @entity1 groups. METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 (fifty-two thumbs) were randomized to undergo either trapezial excision with ligament reconstruction or the same procedure combined with tendon interposition. Fifteen @entity1 treated with ligament reconstruction (group I) and sixteen @entity1 treated with the same procedure with concomitant tendon interposition (group II) were evaluated after a mean follow-up period of 48.2 months. The outcomes were assessed with the Buck-Gramcko score, with the total score calculated on the basis of the objective and subjective results. The ability to perform activities requiring use of the thumb and to return to work was analyzed as well. Radiographs were evaluated to determine the amount of proximal metacarpal migration at rest and under stress. RESULTS: Postoperatively, the mean total Buck-Gramcko score was rated as excellent in group I and as good in group II (p = 0.036). Group I had significantly better mean scores for palmar and radial abduction, cosmetic appearance, and willingness to undergo the surgery again under similar circumstances (p < 0.05). The mean scores for tip-pinch strength and the mean subjective scores for @entity158 , strength, daily function, dexterity, and overall satisfaction did not differ significantly between the groups. Both groups had satisfactory results with regard to their performance of activities of daily living and their ability to return to work. With the numbers available, the amount of proximal metacarpal migration, at rest and under stress, did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Tendon interposition does not affect the outcome after the ligament reconstruction for the treatment of @entity571 of the thumb carpometacarpal joint. Furthermore, proximal migration of the thumb metacarpal does not appear to influence the functional outcome.

title: Ligament reconstruction with or without tendon interposition to treat XXXX . A prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['primary osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['primary thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9 is caused by a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system and is difficult to manage, often proving refractory to existing treatments. In more than half of cases, it is localised and affects a specific, clearly circumscribed area of the body (localised @entity9 , or LNP). A recently developed screening tool enables @entity1 with probable @entity9 /LNP to be identified quickly and easily. In view of the conflicting current treatment recommendations, an advisory board of @entity158 specialists met in June 2015 to develop a complementary treatment guidance algorithm, for use in the primary care setting and by non- @entity158 specialists. The starting point of the algorithm is a diagnosis of LNP and there was consensus that first-line treatment should be a topical analgesic agent, because the benefit/risk ratios are far better than for systemic agents. Topical application offers site-specific delivery, a lower total systemic dose and avoidance of first-pass metabolism, reducing the risk of adverse events and drug/drug interactions. The 5% @entity3303 medicated plaster has most evidence supporting its use in LNP, producing effective analgesia and reducing the associated area of @entity1931 , but other topical agents include @entity2951 , @entity1338 and botulinum toxin type A. Treatment should be commenced with the topical agent of choice, and the @entity1 re-assessed after an appropriate period. Where the response is good the topical agent is continued, with a re-evaluation after 3 to 6 months. A systemic agent (e.g. @entity2682 , @entity4481 , @entity4480 , @entity906 ) is added if there is only a partial response, or substituted if there is no response, and the @entity1 re-assessed after a month. If there is a poor or no response to the systemic agent the @entity1 should be switched to an alternative one, and if this also proves ineffective referred to a @entity158 specialist.

title: A pharmacological treatment algorithm for localised XXXX [LNP].

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: Population blood pressure variation is most likely due to multiple genes. This is likely the reason why monogenic testing with the @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) gene polymorphisms on chromosome 1 (1q42-43), especially @entity7742 , has met with negative results, especially in those of African descent. The RH blood group system, also on chromosome 1 (1 p36.2-34), has likewise been associated with blood pressure variation in African-Americans and with the rise in blood pressure with age in whites. Using a random sample of the population, we investigated the combined effects of single and combined variation of the AGTN @entity7742 and RH genotypes on blood pressure, lipids, and lipoprotein concentrations in Afro-Caribbeans aged 18-60 years from the island nation of Dominica. In monogenic analysis, @entity2178 @entity7742 was not associated with blood pressure. However, it was associated with HDL (MM 42+/-23, MT 44+/-12, TT 52+/-14 (P=0.002)). RH genotype was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (P=0.006) and @entity3452 (P=0.003). These effects remained after adjustment for age, gender, weight, and BMI. In the polygenetic analysis, @entity2178 @entity7742 and RH were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (P=0.037; interaction effects, P=0.068). The association of the @entity2178 @entity7742 with blood pressure across RH blood group haplotypes was then tested. Of the five RH haplotypes available for analysis, the @entity2178 @entity7742 was significantly associated with blood pressure within the "D" haplotype (P=0.01). The RH blood group and gender were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and @entity3452 levels (P=0.005 and 0.012, respectively). All interactions were independent of age and weight. In conclusion, we demonstrate a significant association of @entity2178 @entity7742 with blood pressure and @entity165 metabolism in an Afro-Caribbean population in the "genetic context" of the RH blood group system. Further investigation of these interactions may help understand the effects of genetic factors on cardiovascular risk in African-derived and other populations.

title: XXXX and RH blood group polymorphisms affect blood pressure and lipids in Afro-Caribbeans.

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['AGT']


abstract: THE AIMS OF OUR STUDY WERE: (i). to estimate the yearly incidence rates based on one vs two visits in a working population and (ii). to identify incident @entity101 modifiable risk factors. A total of 21566 normotensive subjects were included in a 1-year cohort study. Blood pressure (BP) levels at inclusion and at the second year screening were measured on the basis of two visits, that is, if BP was over 140/90 mmHg in untreated subjects, they were invited to a control visit 1 month later. Height and weight were measured and behavioural risk factors were collected. Among the 17465 subjects who completed the entire protocol (9691 @entity1 and 7774 @entity1 ), 17026 remained normotensive at a 1-year interval and 439 (325 @entity1 and 114 @entity1 ) became @entity101 . Crude yearly incidence rates based on one visit were 6.21% in @entity1 and 3.06% in @entity1 , compared with 3.04% in @entity1 and 1.34% in @entity1 when incidence rates were based on two visits, a more than twofold difference. Age and body mass index at baseline were the two major independent determinants of incident @entity101 in both genders. Smoking and @entity167 consumption were significant risk factors in @entity1 but not in @entity1 , and a low educational level only in @entity1 . BP measurement on separate occasions is necessary to avoid overestimation of incidence. Weight in both genders and @entity167 consumption in @entity1 were the main modifiable predictors of @entity101 .

title: One-year XXXX incidence and its predictors in a working population: the IHPAF study.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Serious mortality among the cultured grouper @entity6941 , characterized by a swollen intestine containing yellow fluid ( @entity1902 ), occurred in 1993 in Taiwan. A bacterium isolated from the intestinal fluid and head kidney of moribund groupers was identified as @entity11784 . Since then, the same Vibrio species has also been isolated from moribund black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli, @entity37765 sea bream A. latus, Japanese sea bass @entity6953 , and @entity25594 @entity25594 suffering from the same syndrome. Each isolate was virulent to the respective fish. Recently, a similar syndrome, flounder @entity39 , also caused by @entity11784 in summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, was reported in Rhode Island. The extracellular products (ECPs) of @entity11784 strains EmI82KL (from grouper), Rd (from @entity25594 ), and SfUSA (from summer flounder, U.S.A.) were virulent to the grouper or @entity25594 . A 33-kDa @entity563 protease partially purified from the ECP of strain EmI82KL was lethal to the fish. All the moribund or killed fish exhibited @entity1902 except those killed within 12 hours. This report is the first to show that intraperitoneal injection of the ECP or protease in the fish is virulent and can reproduce @entity1902 . The @entity563 protease was suggested as a major toxin in the grouper or @entity25594 secreted by @entity11784 .

title: Pathogenesis of XXXX caused by @entity11784 in cultured marine fish.

entities_list: @entity11784 :: ('669', 'Species') :: ['V. carchariae', 'Vibrio carchariae']

entities_list: @entity25594 :: ('76340', 'Species') :: ['red drum', 'Sciaenops ocellatus']

entities_list: @entity6941 :: ('94232', 'Species') :: ['Epinephelus coioides']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['infectious necrotizing enteritis']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity6953 :: ('8164', 'Species') :: ['Lateolabrax japonicus']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: Serious mortality among the cultured grouper @entity6941 , characterized by a swollen intestine containing yellow fluid ( @entity1902 ), occurred in 1993 in Taiwan. A bacterium isolated from the intestinal fluid and head kidney of moribund groupers was identified as @entity11784 . Since then, the same Vibrio species has also been isolated from moribund black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli, @entity37765 sea bream A. latus, Japanese sea bass @entity6953 , and @entity25594 @entity25594 suffering from the same syndrome. Each isolate was virulent to the respective fish. Recently, a similar syndrome, flounder @entity39 , also caused by @entity11784 in summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus, was reported in Rhode Island. The extracellular products (ECPs) of @entity11784 strains EmI82KL (from grouper), Rd (from @entity25594 ), and SfUSA (from summer flounder, U.S.A.) were virulent to the grouper or @entity25594 . A 33-kDa @entity563 protease partially purified from the ECP of strain EmI82KL was lethal to the fish. All the moribund or killed fish exhibited @entity1902 except those killed within 12 hours. This report is the first to show that intraperitoneal injection of the ECP or protease in the fish is virulent and can reproduce @entity1902 . The @entity563 protease was suggested as a major toxin in the grouper or @entity25594 secreted by @entity11784 .

title: Pathogenesis of @entity1902 caused by XXXX in cultured marine fish.

answer: @entity11784 :: (669,Species) :: ['Vibrio carchariae']


abstract: @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) is a cyclic heptadecapeptide that concentrates melanin granules in the melanophores and lightens the body color of a fish. To investigate the utility of @entity6251 as a reporter gene, a transgenic @entity7021 overexpressing the @entity6251 gene was established and its phenotypic features were examined. The salmon @entity6251 gene driven by cytomegalovirus promoter was injected into 100 fertilized eggs of the HNI-1 @entity7021 , which exhibits black body color. One F(0) female transmitted the transgene and a lightened body color phenotype to the F(1) generation. A homozygous transgenic strain was established by crossing F(2) fish homozygous for the transgene. Expression of the transgene was detected in several organs by Northern blotting. The melanin granules of transgenics were highly shrunk. Bioassay using scales confirmed the secretion of @entity6251 into blood, and the @entity6251 concentration was estimated between 0.5 and 5 microM. Development, growth, feeding behavior, and reproduction of transgenics did not differ significantly among transgenic and nontransgenic siblings. The result whereby enhanced @entity6251 expression induced a change in body color, but no remarkable abnormality, suggests the usefulness of @entity6251 as a novel reporter gene with unique features.

title: Transgenic XXXX overexpressing a melanin-concentrating hormone exhibit lightened body color but no remarkable abnormality.

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['MCH', 'Melanin-concentrating hormone']

entities_list: @entity7021 :: ('8090', 'Species') :: ['medaka strain']

answer: @entity7021 :: (8090,Species) :: ['medaka']


abstract: @entity3003 has been developed for clinical trials as a less nephrotoxic, less emetogenic analog of @entity900 . In preclinical @entity5 models it was less potent than the parent compound on a molar basis, but reduced @entity137 allowed comparable antitumor doses to be given. In phase I studies its dose-limiting @entity137 were reversible myelosuppression, especially @entity882 . @entity1210 and @entity417 occurred to a lesser degree. Other reported @entity137 included @entity390 , @entity391 , malaise, @entity925 , @entity4841 , @entity2167 , @entity1272 , and @entity644 . @entity390 and @entity391 occurred frequently, but was much less severe than that observed with @entity900 . The incidence of serum @entity1011 elevations was low. The increase was usually reversible and occurred only in association with administration of @entity581 , or abnormal pretreatment renal function. Recommended phase II doses by schedule are: bolus every 4 weeks, 400-500 mg/m2 (560 mg/m2 in @entity1 ); 24 hour continuous infusion every 4 weeks, 320-400 mg/m2; weekly bolus for 4 consecutive weeks with 2 weeks rest, 100-125 mg/m2 (175 mg/m2 in @entity1 ); bolus for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks, 77-95 mg/m2. Objective responses were observed during these phase I studies in adult @entity1 ( @entity0 ) and @entity1 ( @entity421 , @entity75 ). In addition to phase II evaluations in all major @entity5 types, plans for phase III studies in selected @entity5 are underway.

title: Results of NCI-sponsored phase I trials with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck, breast, renal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain stem lesions']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['Leucopenia']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Characterizing infectious disease burden in Africa is important for prioritizing and targeting limited resources for curative and preventive services and monitoring the impact of interventions. METHODS: From June 1, 2006 to May 31, 2008, we estimated rates of @entity11127 ( @entity11127 ), @entity294 and @entity221 ( @entity221 ) among >50,000 @entity1 participating in population-based surveillance in impoverished, rural western Kenya (Asembo) and an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya (Kibera). Field workers visited households every two weeks, collecting recent illness information and performing limited exams. @entity1 could access free high-quality care in a designated referral clinic in each site. Incidence and longitudinal prevalence were calculated and compared using Poisson regression. RESULTS: INCIDENCE RATES RESULTING IN CLINIC VISITATION WERE THE FOLLOWING: @entity11127 --0.36 and 0.51 episodes per year for @entity1 <5 years and 0.067 and 0.026 for @entity1 >=  5 years in Asembo and Kibera, respectively; @entity3156 per year for @entity1 <5 years and 0.09 and 0.062 for @entity1 >=  5 years in Asembo and Kibera, respectively; @entity221 --0.17 and 0.09 episodes per year for @entity1 <5 years and 0.03 and 0.015 for @entity1 >=  5 years in Asembo and Kibera, respectively. Annually, based on household visits, @entity1 <5 years in Asembo and Kibera had 60 and 27 cough days, 10 and 8 @entity294 days, and 37 and 11 fever days, respectively. Household-based rates were higher than clinic rates for @entity294 and @entity221 , this difference being several-fold greater in the rural than urban site. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals in poor Kenyan communities still suffer from a high burden of @entity166 , which likely hampers their development. Urban slum and rural disease incidence and clinic utilization are sufficiently disparate in Africa to warrant data from both settings for estimating burden and focusing interventions.

title: The burden of common XXXX at the clinic and household level from population-based surveillance in rural and urban Kenya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity11127 :: ('MESH:D012140', 'Disease') :: ['acute lower respiratory tract illness', 'ALRI']

entities_list: @entity3156 :: ('MESH:C566917', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea--0.40 and 0.71 episodes']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['AFI', 'acute febrile illness']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious disease syndromes']


abstract: HISTORY: An 80-years-old @entity1 was admitted to our clinic because of @entity360 with tarry stool for 3 days after taking non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) for @entity615 . The history was otherwise unremarkable. INVESTIGATIONS: Laboratory results showed @entity417 . Initial endoscopy revealed @entity548 from an elevated @entity1066 in the pars inferior of the duodenum. The @entity548 was successfully treated by @entity1425 and fibrin injection. Biopsies showed inflammatory changes without presence of malignant cells. In the CT scan of the abdomen there was a mass near the ligament of Treitz of 6.3 cm in diameter adjacent to the duodenum. CLINICAL COURSE: The @entity5 was not suitable for ultrasound-guided biopsy. Therefore, laparotomy and surgical resection of the @entity5 were performed. Histology showed a @entity674 ( @entity674 ) with infiltration of the muscle layer of the duodenal wall with one small local metastasis. No lymph node @entity3 were present. The @entity5 was surgically completely removed and the regular follow-up examinations have fo far shown no evidence for @entity5 recurrence or @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity360 from unusual sites, @entity674 has to be considered as an underlying disease even if endoscopic biopsies are negative for neoplastic changes.

title: [Acute XXXX as initial manifestation of a @entity674 ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'acute bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: HISTORY: An 80-years-old @entity1 was admitted to our clinic because of @entity360 with tarry stool for 3 days after taking non steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) for @entity615 . The history was otherwise unremarkable. INVESTIGATIONS: Laboratory results showed @entity417 . Initial endoscopy revealed @entity548 from an elevated @entity1066 in the pars inferior of the duodenum. The @entity548 was successfully treated by @entity1425 and fibrin injection. Biopsies showed inflammatory changes without presence of malignant cells. In the CT scan of the abdomen there was a mass near the ligament of Treitz of 6.3 cm in diameter adjacent to the duodenum. CLINICAL COURSE: The @entity5 was not suitable for ultrasound-guided biopsy. Therefore, laparotomy and surgical resection of the @entity5 were performed. Histology showed a @entity674 ( @entity674 ) with infiltration of the muscle layer of the duodenal wall with one small local metastasis. No lymph node @entity3 were present. The @entity5 was surgically completely removed and the regular follow-up examinations have fo far shown no evidence for @entity5 recurrence or @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity360 from unusual sites, @entity674 has to be considered as an underlying disease even if endoscopic biopsies are negative for neoplastic changes.

title: [Acute @entity360 as initial manifestation of a XXXX ].

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: Extreme heat events are responsible for more @entity204 in the United States than floods, hurricanes and tornados combined. Yet, highly publicized events, such as the 2003 heat wave in Europe which caused in excess of 35,000 @entity204 , and the Chicago heat wave of 1995 that produced over 500 @entity204 , draw attention away from the countless thousands who, each year, fall victim to nonfatal health @entity341 and illnesses directly attributed to heat. The health impact of heat waves and excessive heat are well known. Cities worldwide are seeking to better understand heat-related illnesses with respect to the specifics of climate, social demographics and spatial distributions. This information can support better preparation for heat-related emergency situations with regards to planning for response capacity and placement of emergency resources and personnel. This study deals specifically with the relationship between climate and @entity6167 ( @entity6167 , emergency 911 calls) in Chicago, Illinois, between 2003 and 2006. It is part of a larger, more in-depth, study that includes urban morphology and social factors that impact heat-related emergency dispatch calls in Chicago. The highest occurrences of @entity6167 are located in the central business district, but are generally scattered across the city. Though temperature can be a very good predictor of high @entity6167 , heat index is a better indicator. We determined temperature and heat index thresholds for high @entity6167 . We were also able to identify a lag in @entity6167 as well as other situations that triggered higher (or lower) @entity6167 than would typically be generated for the temperature and humidity levels, such as early afternoon rainfall and special events.

title: Climate and heat-related XXXX in Chicago, Illinois (2003-2006).

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity6167 :: ('MESH:D018883', 'Disease') :: ['HRD', 'heat-related dispatches']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergencies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Dental fear is a risk factor for poor oral health. Thus, treatment of dental fear is a challenge to dentists. The consequences of childhood @entity458 (CSA) may include dental fear. A history of CSA complicates dental fear treatment, and it is often a secret. The aim of this study was to explore differences in subjective evaluations of use of dental services, experiences of dental treatment situations, dental appearance and dental problems in @entity1 who report both CSA and dental fear, and @entity1 who report dental fear only. METHODS: In an anonymous survey, 58 @entity1 with dental fear and a history of CSA were compared with 25 @entity1 with dental fear without CSA. Twenty-five @entity1 without dental fear acted as a control group. RESULTS: No differences between dental fear @entity1 with and without a history of CSA were found in subjective evaluations of use of dental services, dental appearance and dental problems, or in the scores on the Dental Fear Scale (DFS). @entity1 who reported a history of CSA and dental fear had statistically significant higher scores on the Dental Belief Scale (DBS). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that @entity1 who report dental fear and a history of CSA assess interpersonal factors concerning communication, trust, fear of negative information and lack of control as more fear evoking than @entity1 who report dental fear without a history of CSA.

title: The impact of childhood XXXX on dental fear.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual abuse']


abstract: We have shown previously that the @entity1 110,000-Da @entity1457 protein ( @entity16613 ) associates with nucleoli in several cell types and that in 2-day postconfluent @entity19 10T1/2 cells, a segregation of the antigen from the nucleolar phase-dense body is seen (J.R. Subjeck, T. Shyy, J. Shen, and R.J. Johnson. J. Cell Biol. 97: 1389-1395, 1983). Here we further characterize the nucleolar segmentation of @entity16613 in @entity19 10T1/2 and 3T3 cells with respect to the formation of this structure in dense cultures and investigate the behavior of this protein following conditions (serum deprivation, @entity4316 , and @entity1457 ) known to affect the functional and morphological integrity of the nucleolus. It is shown that in addition to its nucleolar locale, an affinity of @entity16613 for the nonnucleolar, nuclear compartment in actively proliferating cells is also observed. When proliferating cells are treated with @entity4316 (1 microgram/ml) for 8 h, @entity16613 separates from the nucleolar phase-dense body to form a fluorescent nucleolar cap which resembles that seen in confluent cultures. This drug also results in a disappearance of @entity16613 from the nucleoplasm. Incubation of cells for 24 h in media without serum also results in the nucleolar segmentation of @entity16613 and a reduction in nucleoplasmic staining. A moderate nonlethal heat treatment does not lead to segmentation of @entity16613 in proliferating cells but conversely results in a transient reversal of segmentation in confluent cultures. Examination of segmented nucleoli of postconfluent cells by immunoelectron microscopy reveals that @entity16613 is associated with the fibrillar component of these nucleoli, the site of ribosomal DNA.

title: Effect of growth state and XXXX on nucleolar localization of the 110,000-Da @entity1457 protein in @entity19 embryo fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: We have shown previously that the @entity1 110,000-Da @entity1457 protein ( @entity16613 ) associates with nucleoli in several cell types and that in 2-day postconfluent @entity19 10T1/2 cells, a segregation of the antigen from the nucleolar phase-dense body is seen (J.R. Subjeck, T. Shyy, J. Shen, and R.J. Johnson. J. Cell Biol. 97: 1389-1395, 1983). Here we further characterize the nucleolar segmentation of @entity16613 in @entity19 10T1/2 and 3T3 cells with respect to the formation of this structure in dense cultures and investigate the behavior of this protein following conditions (serum deprivation, @entity4316 , and @entity1457 ) known to affect the functional and morphological integrity of the nucleolus. It is shown that in addition to its nucleolar locale, an affinity of @entity16613 for the nonnucleolar, nuclear compartment in actively proliferating cells is also observed. When proliferating cells are treated with @entity4316 (1 microgram/ml) for 8 h, @entity16613 separates from the nucleolar phase-dense body to form a fluorescent nucleolar cap which resembles that seen in confluent cultures. This drug also results in a disappearance of @entity16613 from the nucleoplasm. Incubation of cells for 24 h in media without serum also results in the nucleolar segmentation of @entity16613 and a reduction in nucleoplasmic staining. A moderate nonlethal heat treatment does not lead to segmentation of @entity16613 in proliferating cells but conversely results in a transient reversal of segmentation in confluent cultures. Examination of segmented nucleoli of postconfluent cells by immunoelectron microscopy reveals that @entity16613 is associated with the fibrillar component of these nucleoli, the site of ribosomal DNA.

title: Effect of growth state and @entity1457 on nucleolar localization of the 110,000-Da XXXX protein in @entity19 embryo fibroblasts.

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: We have shown previously that the @entity1 110,000-Da @entity1457 protein ( @entity16613 ) associates with nucleoli in several cell types and that in 2-day postconfluent @entity19 10T1/2 cells, a segregation of the antigen from the nucleolar phase-dense body is seen (J.R. Subjeck, T. Shyy, J. Shen, and R.J. Johnson. J. Cell Biol. 97: 1389-1395, 1983). Here we further characterize the nucleolar segmentation of @entity16613 in @entity19 10T1/2 and 3T3 cells with respect to the formation of this structure in dense cultures and investigate the behavior of this protein following conditions (serum deprivation, @entity4316 , and @entity1457 ) known to affect the functional and morphological integrity of the nucleolus. It is shown that in addition to its nucleolar locale, an affinity of @entity16613 for the nonnucleolar, nuclear compartment in actively proliferating cells is also observed. When proliferating cells are treated with @entity4316 (1 microgram/ml) for 8 h, @entity16613 separates from the nucleolar phase-dense body to form a fluorescent nucleolar cap which resembles that seen in confluent cultures. This drug also results in a disappearance of @entity16613 from the nucleoplasm. Incubation of cells for 24 h in media without serum also results in the nucleolar segmentation of @entity16613 and a reduction in nucleoplasmic staining. A moderate nonlethal heat treatment does not lead to segmentation of @entity16613 in proliferating cells but conversely results in a transient reversal of segmentation in confluent cultures. Examination of segmented nucleoli of postconfluent cells by immunoelectron microscopy reveals that @entity16613 is associated with the fibrillar component of these nucleoli, the site of ribosomal DNA.

title: Effect of growth state and @entity1457 on nucleolar localization of the 110,000-Da @entity1457 protein in XXXX embryo fibroblasts.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: This article reviews key advances in ion-selective electrode technology that have made potentiometric measurements of ionized @entity460 ( @entity141 ) reliable and precise. Our use of two second-generation @entity141 analyzers (Radiometer @entity9506 and NOVA 8) made possible uninterrupted service as volume increased to 31 640 @entity1 tests in 1985. The lower results on the NOVA 8 were adjusted upwards to match those of the @entity9506 to give identical results. Both analyzers were evaluated under working conditions of high volumes and multiple operators to establish downtime, electrode life, and costs. We have classified all @entity141 analyzers into first-, intermediate-, and second-generation instruments, the better to understand their differences. Results for large numbers of @entity1 ' sera were shown to be systematically different when any two analyzers were compared. These differences are the consequence of each manufacturer's unique choices of the following: (a) the matrix of the @entity460 calibration solutions, (b) the type and configuration of the reference electrode, and (c) the salt-bridge solution. Elimination of each analyzer's biases will require agreement on a reference system that defines the accuracy of @entity141 measurements on serum, plasma, or whole blood. The sound analytical performance of today's second-generation @entity141 analyzers has allowed us to exploit the inherent superiority of @entity141 over total @entity460 (CaT) measurements in the daily care of @entity1 . We report on the preference of @entity141 over CaT by physicians at our hospital since the introduction of second-generation @entity141 analyzers. Therefore, we state unequivocally from our very satisfactory experience over the past five years that @entity141 is a clinical laboratory test whose time has come!

title: Measurement of ionized XXXX in serum with ion-selective electrodes: a mature technology that can meet the daily service needs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']