abstract: PURPOSE: We sought to develop a reproducible @entity1810 injection technique to induce urethral @entity82 in the @entity35 urethra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 male @entity35 weighing 300 to 350 gm were anesthetized with @entity3652 / @entity4763 intraperitoneally. Using a 5 mm penoscrotal incision the @entity35 urethra was exposed. In the experimental group varying doses of @entity1810 (5, 10 and 25  g) were injected in each side of the urethral wall. Normal saline infiltration was used in the sham treated group. @entity35 were sacrificed 2 and 4 weeks following @entity1810 injection. Urethral specimens were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 , and Masson trichrome, and Western blot evaluations were performed. Normal and strictured urethral tissues from @entity1 were collected and evaluated in the same fashion. RESULTS: There was no evidence of urethral wall thickening or @entity82 in the sham treated group. Varied histological evidence of @entity82 was noted in all experimental groups. There was a significant increase in collagen type I expression 2 weeks after injection of 5, 10 and 25  g @entity1810 . Collagen type III expression was significantly increased 2 weeks after injecting 10 and 25  g of @entity1810 , which persisted to 28 days after injection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1810 injection can successfully generate a reproducible @entity35 model of urethral spongiofibrosis. This technique is simple, inexpensive and reproducible. Our series is a proof of concept study. Additional studies in larger animals are needed to further confirm our findings.

title: Transforming Growth Factor-b1 Induced Urethral @entity82 in a XXXX Model.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Embolism from unstable @entity1856 in the carotid bifurcation is a major cause of @entity64 . Here, we analysed gene expression in endarterectomies from @entity1 with symptomatic (S) and @entity10094 ( @entity10094 ) @entity543 to identify pathways linked to plaque instability. METHODS: Microarrays were prepared from plaques (n = 127) and peripheral blood samples (n = 96) of S and @entity10094 @entity1 . Gene set enrichment, pathway mapping and network analyses of differentially expressed genes were performed. RESULTS: These studies revealed upregulation of haemoglobin metabolism (P = 2.20E-05) and bone resorption (P = 9.63E-04) in S @entity1 . Analysis of subgroups of @entity1 indicated enrichment of @entity730 and osteoblast differentiation in S @entity1 on statins, as well as @entity32 and apoptosis in plaques removed >1 month compared to <2 weeks after symptom. By prediction profiling, a panel of 30 genes, mostly transcription factors, discriminated between plaques from S versus @entity10094 @entity1 with 78% accuracy. By meta-analysis, common gene networks associated with @entity731 mapped to @entity519 , chemokines, @entity730 , actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. A set of dysregulated genes ( @entity12840 , @entity15737 , @entity20034 and @entity4938 ) previously not described in @entity731 were identified from microarrays and validated by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirmed a central role for @entity32 and proteases in plaque instability, and highlighted haemoglobin metabolism and bone resorption as important pathways. Subgroup analysis suggested prolonged @entity32 following the symptoms of plaque instability and @entity730 as a possible stabilizing mechanism by @entity6817 . In addition, transcriptional regulation may play an important role in the determination of plaque phenotype. The results from this study will serve as a basis for further exploration of molecular signatures in @entity2998 .

title: Gene expression signatures, pathways and networks in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromas']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE AND METHODS: We investigated the relationship between fear of @entity5 recurrence (FCR), @entity148 , supportive care needs, and utilization of health-care services in a mixed sample of 335 @entity5 @entity1 . We used validated questionnaires including the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), the General @entity148 Scale (GAD-7) and the Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34). Health-care services utilization was measured by a self-constructed questionnaire recording the use of 22 health and supportive care offers. RESULTS: In our sample, 3.9  % of @entity1 were classified as having high @entity148 and 5.1  % had high FCR. @entity1 reported the highest unmet supportive care needs in the domain health system and information followed by @entity458 . Integrated care and complementary support services were the most frequently used (32  %) followed by medical (31  %), psychological (23  %), spiritual and religious (8  %) and other support services (9  %). Whereas @entity148 was related to both unmet psychological and physical/daily living needs (p   <   0.01), FCR was associated  with unmet supportive care needs in all five domains further including needs with regard to health system and information, @entity1 care, and sexuality (p   <   0.01). However, higher levels of @entity148 and FCR were not related to higher utilization of health-care services. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that FCR plays a significant role in unmet supportive care needs in @entity5 @entity1 but not for health-care service utilization. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: We recommend that clinicians monitor supportive care needs in @entity1 struggling with FCR and @entity148 .

title: XXXX recurrence and its association with supportive care needs and health-care service utilization in @entity5 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Anxiety Disorder']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological needs']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Anxiety and fear of cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE AND METHODS: We investigated the relationship between fear of @entity5 recurrence (FCR), @entity148 , supportive care needs, and utilization of health-care services in a mixed sample of 335 @entity5 @entity1 . We used validated questionnaires including the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), the General @entity148 Scale (GAD-7) and the Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34). Health-care services utilization was measured by a self-constructed questionnaire recording the use of 22 health and supportive care offers. RESULTS: In our sample, 3.9  % of @entity1 were classified as having high @entity148 and 5.1  % had high FCR. @entity1 reported the highest unmet supportive care needs in the domain health system and information followed by @entity458 . Integrated care and complementary support services were the most frequently used (32  %) followed by medical (31  %), psychological (23  %), spiritual and religious (8  %) and other support services (9  %). Whereas @entity148 was related to both unmet psychological and physical/daily living needs (p   <   0.01), FCR was associated  with unmet supportive care needs in all five domains further including needs with regard to health system and information, @entity1 care, and sexuality (p   <   0.01). However, higher levels of @entity148 and FCR were not related to higher utilization of health-care services. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that FCR plays a significant role in unmet supportive care needs in @entity5 @entity1 but not for health-care service utilization. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: We recommend that clinicians monitor supportive care needs in @entity1 struggling with FCR and @entity148 .

title: @entity5 recurrence and its association with supportive care needs and health-care service utilization in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE AND METHODS: We investigated the relationship between fear of @entity5 recurrence (FCR), @entity148 , supportive care needs, and utilization of health-care services in a mixed sample of 335 @entity5 @entity1 . We used validated questionnaires including the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), the General @entity148 Scale (GAD-7) and the Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34). Health-care services utilization was measured by a self-constructed questionnaire recording the use of 22 health and supportive care offers. RESULTS: In our sample, 3.9  % of @entity1 were classified as having high @entity148 and 5.1  % had high FCR. @entity1 reported the highest unmet supportive care needs in the domain health system and information followed by @entity458 . Integrated care and complementary support services were the most frequently used (32  %) followed by medical (31  %), psychological (23  %), spiritual and religious (8  %) and other support services (9  %). Whereas @entity148 was related to both unmet psychological and physical/daily living needs (p   <   0.01), FCR was associated  with unmet supportive care needs in all five domains further including needs with regard to health system and information, @entity1 care, and sexuality (p   <   0.01). However, higher levels of @entity148 and FCR were not related to higher utilization of health-care services. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that FCR plays a significant role in unmet supportive care needs in @entity5 @entity1 but not for health-care service utilization. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: We recommend that clinicians monitor supportive care needs in @entity1 struggling with FCR and @entity148 .

title: @entity5 recurrence and its association with supportive care needs and health-care service utilization in @entity5 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In a prospective study of @entity1 in the first trimester who were at risk for recurrent abortion, data from 20 pregnancies with normal outcomes were contrasted with those of 9 pregnancies that aborted spontaneously between 7 and 12 weeks. In pregnancies in which an embryo was present before abortion, the mean concentrations of @entity1 @entity7807 ( @entity7807 ) were low with a steady decline in @entity1420 levels, whereas @entity53 (E2) and @entity4090 concentrations approximated those in normal pregnancies. With growth disorganization, mean @entity7807 , E2, and @entity1420 levels were significantly lower than normal. In 87.5% of @entity2099 , conclusive evidence of this disorder was obtained with ultrasound monitoring. Subnormal levels of @entity7807 , E2, and @entity1420 were observed in 88.9, 100, and 57.1%, respectively. The karyotype was abnormal in 80% of @entity2099 successfully cultured. The normal production of E2 appeared dependent on the presence of the embryo in the first trimester of pregnancy. Endocrine failure of the trophoblast and/or the corpus luteum in embryopathic pregnancy is suggested by diminished @entity7807 and @entity1420 concentrations. Serial ultrasound scanning and hormone assay, particularly of @entity7807 and E2, may be useful in assessing pregnancy at risk for recurrent abortion. However, because subnormal hormone levels may occur relatively late in the clinical course of @entity6677 , ultrasound scanning may yield more useful results as compared with hormone assay. Further studies are required to define more clearly the mechanisms of endocrine failure in embryopathic pregnancy.

title: @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin, @entity53 , @entity1420 , XXXX , and B-scan ultrasound monitoring of complications in early pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['embryopathic gestation']

entities_list: @entity7807 :: ('1082', 'Gene') :: ['chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit', 'hCG-beta']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['embryopathic pregnancies']

answer: @entity4090 :: (5617,Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: In a prospective study of @entity1 in the first trimester who were at risk for recurrent abortion, data from 20 pregnancies with normal outcomes were contrasted with those of 9 pregnancies that aborted spontaneously between 7 and 12 weeks. In pregnancies in which an embryo was present before abortion, the mean concentrations of @entity1 @entity7807 ( @entity7807 ) were low with a steady decline in @entity1420 levels, whereas @entity53 (E2) and @entity4090 concentrations approximated those in normal pregnancies. With growth disorganization, mean @entity7807 , E2, and @entity1420 levels were significantly lower than normal. In 87.5% of @entity2099 , conclusive evidence of this disorder was obtained with ultrasound monitoring. Subnormal levels of @entity7807 , E2, and @entity1420 were observed in 88.9, 100, and 57.1%, respectively. The karyotype was abnormal in 80% of @entity2099 successfully cultured. The normal production of E2 appeared dependent on the presence of the embryo in the first trimester of pregnancy. Endocrine failure of the trophoblast and/or the corpus luteum in embryopathic pregnancy is suggested by diminished @entity7807 and @entity1420 concentrations. Serial ultrasound scanning and hormone assay, particularly of @entity7807 and E2, may be useful in assessing pregnancy at risk for recurrent abortion. However, because subnormal hormone levels may occur relatively late in the clinical course of @entity6677 , ultrasound scanning may yield more useful results as compared with hormone assay. Further studies are required to define more clearly the mechanisms of endocrine failure in embryopathic pregnancy.

title: @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin, XXXX , @entity1420 , @entity4090 , and B-scan ultrasound monitoring of complications in early pregnancy.

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: In a prospective study of @entity1 in the first trimester who were at risk for recurrent abortion, data from 20 pregnancies with normal outcomes were contrasted with those of 9 pregnancies that aborted spontaneously between 7 and 12 weeks. In pregnancies in which an embryo was present before abortion, the mean concentrations of @entity1 @entity7807 ( @entity7807 ) were low with a steady decline in @entity1420 levels, whereas @entity53 (E2) and @entity4090 concentrations approximated those in normal pregnancies. With growth disorganization, mean @entity7807 , E2, and @entity1420 levels were significantly lower than normal. In 87.5% of @entity2099 , conclusive evidence of this disorder was obtained with ultrasound monitoring. Subnormal levels of @entity7807 , E2, and @entity1420 were observed in 88.9, 100, and 57.1%, respectively. The karyotype was abnormal in 80% of @entity2099 successfully cultured. The normal production of E2 appeared dependent on the presence of the embryo in the first trimester of pregnancy. Endocrine failure of the trophoblast and/or the corpus luteum in embryopathic pregnancy is suggested by diminished @entity7807 and @entity1420 concentrations. Serial ultrasound scanning and hormone assay, particularly of @entity7807 and E2, may be useful in assessing pregnancy at risk for recurrent abortion. However, because subnormal hormone levels may occur relatively late in the clinical course of @entity6677 , ultrasound scanning may yield more useful results as compared with hormone assay. Further studies are required to define more clearly the mechanisms of endocrine failure in embryopathic pregnancy.

title: @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin, @entity53 , XXXX , @entity4090 , and B-scan ultrasound monitoring of complications in early pregnancy.

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: In a prospective study of @entity1 in the first trimester who were at risk for recurrent abortion, data from 20 pregnancies with normal outcomes were contrasted with those of 9 pregnancies that aborted spontaneously between 7 and 12 weeks. In pregnancies in which an embryo was present before abortion, the mean concentrations of @entity1 @entity7807 ( @entity7807 ) were low with a steady decline in @entity1420 levels, whereas @entity53 (E2) and @entity4090 concentrations approximated those in normal pregnancies. With growth disorganization, mean @entity7807 , E2, and @entity1420 levels were significantly lower than normal. In 87.5% of @entity2099 , conclusive evidence of this disorder was obtained with ultrasound monitoring. Subnormal levels of @entity7807 , E2, and @entity1420 were observed in 88.9, 100, and 57.1%, respectively. The karyotype was abnormal in 80% of @entity2099 successfully cultured. The normal production of E2 appeared dependent on the presence of the embryo in the first trimester of pregnancy. Endocrine failure of the trophoblast and/or the corpus luteum in embryopathic pregnancy is suggested by diminished @entity7807 and @entity1420 concentrations. Serial ultrasound scanning and hormone assay, particularly of @entity7807 and E2, may be useful in assessing pregnancy at risk for recurrent abortion. However, because subnormal hormone levels may occur relatively late in the clinical course of @entity6677 , ultrasound scanning may yield more useful results as compared with hormone assay. Further studies are required to define more clearly the mechanisms of endocrine failure in embryopathic pregnancy.

title: XXXX chorionic gonadotropin, @entity53 , @entity1420 , @entity4090 , and B-scan ultrasound monitoring of complications in early pregnancy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate longer-term safety and efficacy of a single self-expanding stent up to 20 cm in length in @entity1 with @entity731 of the superficial femoral (SFA) and proximal popliteal arteries. BACKGROUND: Angioplasty and stenting are options for revascularization of symptomatic @entity3657 . While angioplasty alone is effective in short lesions, outcomes in longer lesions (i.e., mean 8.7 cm) show suboptimal patency rates of 33% at one year. METHODS: Two hundred eighty-seven @entity1 (mean age 68 years, 66% male) were treated with the EverFlex    Self-Expanding Peripheral Stent System. @entity1 were followed through 3 years with yearly core lab adjudicated duplex ultrasonography for patency, radiographic assessment of stent @entity174 , and resting ankle brachial indices. RESULTS: Overall freedom from loss of primary patency at 3 years was 60.0%. Patency was significantly higher for lesions  <=8 cm compared with lesions >8 cm (71.0 vs. 50.5%, P   <   0.0001). There was no significant difference in patency between single-stent and multistent recipients (60.4 vs. 52.4%, P   =   0.343). The three-year freedom from clinically driven @entity75 revascularization was 70.0%. At 3 years, the overall stent @entity174 rate was 0.9%. CONCLUSIONS: DURABILITY II is the first investigational device exemption trial to report 3-year duplex Doppler defined stent patency and CD-TLR outcomes in long SFA and proximal popliteal lesions and demonstrated acceptable stent patency and freedom from CD-TLR with a low @entity174 rate. These data suggest that use of a single long stent provides reasonable long-term outcomes when intervention is required for symptomatic SFA and proximal popliteal arterial disease.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: A single stent strategy in XXXX with lifestyle limiting claudication: 3-year results from the Durability II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic features of idiopathic @entity1560 in @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of all liver biopsies performed at Boston @entity1 's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the University of Massachusetts Medical Center from 1991 to 1994. Chart review was performed when biopsies demonstrated @entity1560 . RESULTS: Eighty-two @entity1 had biopsy-proven @entity1560 . Fourteen @entity1 had @entity1560 without evidence of inherited, infectious, @entity792 . All 14 @entity1 were @entity28 , averaging 159% of ideal body weight (range, 121% to 222%). Nine @entity1 initially had transient @entity490 , two had @entity382 , and one was identified by incidental laboratory evaluation. These 12 @entity1 had biopsies because of persistent elevations of aminotransferase levels. Two other @entity1 without risk factors for @entity1560 were identified at staging laparotomy for @entity978 . The 10 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 had an average age of 13.5 years (range, 10 to 18 years). Aminotransferase elevations were modest, with @entity492 aminotransferase and @entity493 aminotransferase values averaging 77 +/- 38 IU and 129 +/- 73 IU, respectively. All had imaging studies demonstrating @entity1560 . Histologic examination of biopsy specimens revealed varying degrees of @entity1560 with @entity32 and @entity82 . CONCLUSION: Idiopathic @entity1560 occurs predominantly or exclusively in @entity28 peripubertal @entity1 . This entity represents a frequent reason for liver biopsy in this age group. The degree of @entity1560 , @entity82 , and @entity32 does not correlate with symptoms or signs, and significant @entity99 with bridging @entity82 may be present.

title: Idiopathic XXXX in childhood: a multicenter retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis', 'diffuse fatty change', 'steatohepatitis', 'steatosis', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune, endocrinologic, toxicologic, or iatrogenic causes']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['steatohepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity5506 ( @entity5506 ) primary or secondary represents approximately 16-32% of @entity5506 cases. Most @entity1 present with mild, chronic @entity5714 with exacerbation of the condition in the cold environment. Red cell transfusions are only indicated when there is a life-threatening @entity417 causing crisis. We studied the clinical and serological characterization of @entity5506 with the aim that the information gained from this study would help in proper diagnosis and management of these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective study included nine @entity1 who were admitted with severe @entity417 . Detailed work-up were conducted to establish the diagnosis, severity of in vivo @entity2142 and transfusion management. RESULTS: All @entity1 presented with pallor, @entity425 , @entity158 with exacerbation of symptoms in winter months. Secondary @entity5506 was observed in three @entity1 suffering from @entity706 . Red cells of all @entity1 were coated with complements (C3) more specifically @entity8428 . In one @entity1 suffering from @entity706 , the cold autoagglutinin titer was as high as 4096. Autoantibody in seven @entity1 was specific to "I" antigen and one to "i" antigen. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that detailed clinical and serological characterization is needed to diagnose and manage @entity5506 . Whereas avoidance of cold exposure is the primary therapy, but no critical @entity1 should be denied blood transfusion due to serological complications. All transfusion services should follow the correct protocol to maximize blood safety in @entity5506 .

title: Clinical and serological characterization of XXXX in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'autoimmune hemolytic anemia', 'Cold agglutinin syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue and painful fingers and toes']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity5506 :: (MESH:D000744,Disease) :: ['cold agglutinin syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the mode of birth among @entity1 with @entity15892 , and the results are conflicting. The objective of this study was to assess the association between @entity15892 and cesarean delivery in North European @entity1 . METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted among 6,422 pregnant @entity1 from Belgium, Iceland, Denmark, Estonia, Norway, and Sweden. @entity15892 was measured by the Wijma Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire during pregnancy and linked to obstetric information from hospital records. RESULTS: Among 3,189 primiparous @entity1 , those reporting severe @entity15892 were more likely to give birth by elective cesarean, (OR, 1.66 [95% CI 1.05-2.61]). Among 3,233 multiparous @entity1 , severe @entity15892 increased the risk of elective cesarean (OR 1.87 [95% CI 1.30-2.69]). Reporting lack of positive anticipation, one of six dimensions of @entity15892 , was most strongly associated with elective cesarean (OR 2.02 [95% CI 1.52-2.68]). A dose-effect pattern was observed between level of fear and risk of emergency cesarean in both primiparous and multiparous @entity1 . Indications for cesarean were more likely to be reported as "nonmedical" among those with severe @entity15892 ; 16.7 versus 4.6 percent in primiparous @entity1 , and 31.7 versus 17.5 percent in multiparous @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Having severe @entity15892 increases the risk of elective cesarean, especially among multiparous @entity1 . Lack of positive anticipation of the upcoming childbirth seems to be an important dimension of fear associated with cesarean delivery. Counseling for @entity1 who do not look forward to vaginal birth should be further evaluated.

title: XXXX and risk of cesarean delivery: a cohort study in six European countries.

entities_list: @entity15892 :: ('MESH:C563679', 'Disease') :: ['Fear of childbirth', 'fear of childbirth']

answer: @entity15892 :: (MESH:C563679,Disease) :: ['Fear of childbirth']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the relationship between contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), @entity540 ( @entity540 ), @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ), and @entity157 ( @entity157 ) recurrence after ablation. METHODS: A total of 51 @entity157 @entity1 (38 males and 13 females) who received radiofrequency ablation in our hospital from June 2012 to July 2014 were enrolled in this study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: recurrence group and non-recurrence group. Routine abdominal examination was first performed in the horizontal position. Then the @entity1 underwent CEUS and immunohistochemical staining before receiving radiofrequency ablation. All @entity1 were followed-up every three months for one year. The results of CEUS and serum @entity5 marker levels were evaluated and combined together to estimate @entity157 recurrence and @entity3 . @entity1 were divided into two groups: recurrence group and non-recurrence group. Quantitative parameters of CEUS and @entity5 expression levels of @entity540 and @entity2232 were compared between the two groups, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between CEUS quantitative parameters, expression levels of @entity2232 and @entity540 , and @entity157 recurrence after ablation. RESULTS: Based on the quantitative parameters of CEUS before @entity1 received radiofrequency ablation, the levels of @entity5 rise time (tRT), @entity5 time to peak (tTTP), @entity5 peak intensity (tPI) and @entity5 -parenchymal peak intensity (t-pPI) in the recurrence group were significantly lower than those in the non-recurrence group (16.6    6.1 vs 23.2    7.0, P = 0.000; 41.2    10.2 vs 59.6    14.2, P = 0.000; 23.8    6.7 vs 31.4    6.4, P = 0.000; 7.1    3.4 vs 14.6    7.4, P = 0.000; respectively). The expression levels of @entity540 in the recurrence group were significantly higher than those in the non-recurrence group (P < 0.05). Levels of tTTP showed a significant inverse correlation with the level of @entity540 in @entity5 (r = -0.312, P = 0.037). The Binary logistic regression analysis results revealed that the levels of tRT, tTTP, tPI and the level of @entity540 were associated with @entity157 recurrence after radiofrequency ablation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: CEUS is a noninvasive and effective method for evaluating the angiogenesis of @entity157 , and predicting its recurrence and prognosis.

title: Predictive value of quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound in XXXX recurrence after ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ) is a serious condition affecting predominantly the premature @entity1 . The purpose of this study is to report a multicenter experience of complications in 252 @entity1 requiring surgical therapy for @entity3166 . Data from eight institutions for the years 1980 through 1990 were collected and analyzed for @entity1 undergoing surgical therapy for @entity3166 . Records were reviewed for gestational age, birth weight, age at operation, indications for operation, degree of intestinal involvement, operation(s) performed, complications, and 30-day mortality rates. A total of 264 @entity1 underwent surgical intervention for @entity3166 during the study period. Complete information was available for 252 @entity1 . The mean gestational age was 31 +/- 5 weeks and the mean birth weight was 1,552 +/- 823 g. The mean age at operation was 18 +/- 35 days. @entity516 was the most common indication for operation (42%). The 30-day survival rate was 72%. Eighty-one percent of @entity1 underwent primary laparotomy, whereas peritoneal drainage was performed in 48 (19%) @entity1 . @entity260 were identified in 119 (47%) @entity1 . The most common @entity260 were @entity295 (9%), intestinal strictures (9%), and short gut (9%). @entity2737 occurred in 6%, and the incidence of intraabdominal abscess formation was only 2.3%. Gestational age < 27 weeks (P < .005) and birth weight < 1,000 g (P < .005) were associated with significantly increased mortality but no increase in postoperative morbidity. The incidence of complications was similar in the very low birth weight (< 1,000 g) @entity1 (51%) compared with @entity1 > or = 1,000 g (46%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Complications after surgical intervention for XXXX : a multicenter review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['Necrotizing enterocolitis', 'NEC']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infections']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity3166 :: (MESH:D020345,Disease) :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']


abstract: Locomotor sensitization, the augmentation of the locomotor-activating effects of stimuli with repeated exposure, is being evaluated as a partial model for several phenomena including @entity734 . Alteration of dopaminergic systems has been found in sensitized animals and @entity935 neurotransmission appears to be crucial for the expression of sensitized behaviors. However, stress hormones, which are released after exposure to many of the stimuli that produce sensitization, may also be involved in the development of this phenomenon. @entity2819 appears to be important in the development of @entity4944 sensitization and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) have been hypothesized to mediate this effect. The purpose of these experiments was first, to determine whether repeated restraint stress sensitizes DBA/2J @entity19 to the activating effect of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ), and second, to explore the role of GR in stress- and @entity167 -induced sensitization with the GR antagonist, @entity3927 . This antagonist was administered before restraint or i.p. @entity167 (1.5 g/kg) on each of 10 consecutive days of pretreatment. In addition, plasma @entity2819 levels were determined at various points throughout the pretreatment period and on test days. The results demonstrated that 10 consecutive days of 2-hr restraint sensitized @entity19 to @entity167 's locomotor-stimulating effect. Both stress- and @entity167 -induced sensitization were attenuated by administration of @entity3927 during the pretreatment phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Critical role for glucocorticoid receptors in stress- and XXXX -induced locomotor sensitization.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone', 'corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1082 ) @entity281 indicates favorable prognosis in @entity957 (SCC). The purpose of this study was for us to assess the impact of HPV in @entity1 treated with sequential therapy versus concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS: @entity1 with stage III and IVA and B oropharyngeal SCC were reviewed spanning 10 years. RESULTS: Among 500 cases, 291 (58%) received CRT versus 209 (42%) sequential therapy. HPV status was known in 279 of @entity1 (56%) and positive in 77% (determined by polymerase chain reaction [PCR; 91%], @entity986 immunohistochemical [IHC], or both). Median follow-up was 2.8 years. Overall survival (OS) did not differ for sequential therapy versus CRT overall (hazard ratio [HR]   =   0.90; p   =   .66; 3-year OS   =   86% and 87%) or within HPV-positive @entity1 (HR   =   0.89; p   =   .81; 3-year OS   =   91% and 91%) or within HPV-negative @entity1 (HR   =   0.55; p = .32; 3-year OS   =   85% and 75%). CONCLUSION: Survival for all @entity1 was high and notable for HPV-negative @entity1 treated with sequential therapy. Further studies in this @entity1 population are warranted.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1618-E1624, 2016.

title: XXXX and induction chemotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer: The Dana Farber Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Even among @entity1 considered to be functionally eligible for major lung resection, some experience postoperative @entity1353 . Based on our previous study with quantitative computed tomography (CT), we hypothesized that postoperative @entity1353 is associated with the collapse of the remaining lung, and thus, prediction of the postoperative lung volume may contribute to risk assessment for postoperative @entity1353 . METHODS: We measured the @entity358 and functional lung volume (FLV) separately on whole lung CT using an image analysis software in 290 @entity1 undergoing major lung resection for cancer between January 2006 and December 2012. The postoperative FLV was predicted by a stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 @entity86 (complicated group), five of them presented with @entity1576 . The postoperatively measured FLV was significantly lower in the complicated group than in the control group (P  <  0.01). The postoperative FLV could be calculated using preoperative variables, including the forced vital capacity, number of resected segments, FLV, and @entity358 . The predicted postoperative FLV was significantly lower in the complicated group than in the control group (P  <  0.01, area under the curve  =  0.78; sensitivity 86%; specificity 73%). The predicted postoperative FLV was also useful in distinguishing complicated @entity1 from matched-control @entity1 who had similar preoperative pulmonary function (P  =  0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity86 is likely accompanied by a collapse of the remaining lung. Quantitative assessment of the lung morphology on preoperative CT is useful to screen for @entity1 at risk of postoperative @entity1353 .

title: XXXX and @entity1576 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['emphysematous lung volume']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['chronic respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['complained of postoperative dyspnea', 'Postoperative dyspnea']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Prediction of postoperative dyspnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Even among @entity1 considered to be functionally eligible for major lung resection, some experience postoperative @entity1353 . Based on our previous study with quantitative computed tomography (CT), we hypothesized that postoperative @entity1353 is associated with the collapse of the remaining lung, and thus, prediction of the postoperative lung volume may contribute to risk assessment for postoperative @entity1353 . METHODS: We measured the @entity358 and functional lung volume (FLV) separately on whole lung CT using an image analysis software in 290 @entity1 undergoing major lung resection for cancer between January 2006 and December 2012. The postoperative FLV was predicted by a stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity1 @entity86 (complicated group), five of them presented with @entity1576 . The postoperatively measured FLV was significantly lower in the complicated group than in the control group (P  <  0.01). The postoperative FLV could be calculated using preoperative variables, including the forced vital capacity, number of resected segments, FLV, and @entity358 . The predicted postoperative FLV was significantly lower in the complicated group than in the control group (P  <  0.01, area under the curve  =  0.78; sensitivity 86%; specificity 73%). The predicted postoperative FLV was also useful in distinguishing complicated @entity1 from matched-control @entity1 who had similar preoperative pulmonary function (P  =  0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity86 is likely accompanied by a collapse of the remaining lung. Quantitative assessment of the lung morphology on preoperative CT is useful to screen for @entity1 at risk of postoperative @entity1353 .

title: @entity86 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['chronic respiratory failure']


abstract: 1. We studied the effect of servo-controlled stretch of smooth muscle strips from @entity35 uterus on tension and intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i, using @entity593 as an indicator) at 30 degrees C. 2. When quiescent uterine muscle strips were stretched at a ramp time of 0.5 s by multiples of 5% of the resting muscle length (L0) up to 40%, forty-two out of sixty muscle strips responded with a transient active contraction and a [ @entity141 ]i increase. The minimum excursion of stretch required for contraction was 26.3 +/- 7.5% of L0 (mean +/- S.D.). The peak response had an all-or-none property and was almost independent of the duration of stretch. 3. Stretches of 30 or 35% of L0 induced contraction in most cases when rapidly applied in 0.2-0.5 s, but slowly applied stretch (ramp duration of 5-10 s) rarely induced contraction. 4. The stretch-induced response was inhibited by the removal of extracellular @entity141 or by the addition of 10 nM @entity3360 . However, it was unaffected by 1 microM tetrodotoxin, 1 microM @entity3897 or by 10 microM @entity19643 , an inhibitor of @entity141 -ATPase in intracellular @entity141 stores. 5. When a stretch of 15-35% of L0 was applied during the relaxation phase of 10 nM @entity398 -induced rhythmic contractions, the first contraction after the stretch occurred earlier than that expected from the control rhythm. However, the frequency of the subsequent rhythm returned to almost the control level even during continued application of stretch, although the half-width of rhythmic contractions was increased during stretch. 6. The present study demonstrates that stretch of uterine muscle induces a transient contraction due to @entity141 influx, which is myogenic and dependent on the excursion and velocity of stretch. The all-or-none property of the stretch-induced contractions suggests initiation of @entity141 spikes. Furthermore, stretch modulates the @entity398 -induced rhythmic contractions.

title: Stretch-induced enhancement of contractions in uterine smooth muscle of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity19643 :: ('MESH:C000543', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopiazonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether being anesthesia administered at least once in early life influenced 3 main proxies of visual function: visual acuity, @entity2516 , and optic nerve health in young adulthood. STUDY DESIGN: At age 20  years, @entity1 of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study had comprehensive ocular examinations including visual acuity, postcycloplegic refraction, and multiple scans of the optic disc. We identified individuals who had at least 1 procedure requiring anesthesia during the first 3  years of life (between 1990 and 1994) and compared their visual outcomes with nonexposed individuals. We excluded 40 @entity1 with strabismus or other @entity66 or surgery and 136 with non-European background. RESULTS: Of 834 @entity1 , 15.2% (n  =  127) were exposed to anesthesia at least once before age 3  years. In both exposed and nonexposed groups, median visual acuity (measured using the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [LogMAR] chart) was -0.06 LogMAR in the right eye and -0.08 LogMAR in the left eye (P  >  .05). Median spherical equivalent @entity2516 was +0.44 diopters (IQR -0.25, +0.63) and +0.31 diopters (IQR -0.38, +0.63) in the exposed and nonexposed group, respectively (P  =  .126). No difference was detected in mean global retinal nerve fiber layer thickness of the 2 groups (100.7 vs 100.1   m, P  =  .830). CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to demonstrate an association of exposure to anesthesia as a @entity1 with reduced visual acuity or increased @entity1714 or thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer. These findings support the view that anesthesia is unlikely to impair visual development, but further work is needed to establish whether more @entity154 are present and repeated exposures have any effects.

title: Early Anesthesia Exposure and the Effect on Visual Acuity, XXXX , and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness of Young Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['subtle defects']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic disease']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['Refractive Error']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2950 management is an unresolved problem. Biomaterials to limit unwanted axonal growth could be a tool to manage @entity2950 . Hyaluronic acid/ @entity5070 cellulose (HA/CMC) is an antiadhesive, biodegradable material that is nontoxic to nerve. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of this biomaterial to limit axonal growth. @entity35 received a sciatic nerve transection and repair with a short conduit (5 mm) containing HA/CMC, fibrin, or nothing (empty conduit). In another study, nerve was transected and either left undisturbed or wrapped with HA/CMC around the proximal and distal ends. In a final study, nerve was transected and repaired with an HA/CMC wrap. Four weeks following the procedures, nerves were harvested and assessed using histomorphometry to measure axonal regeneration. Axonal regeneration following transection was significantly inhibited by direct axonal contact with HA/CMC, whether within a conduit or wrapped around the transected proximal nerve end. Axonal regeneration following epineurial repair was not affected by HA/CMC wrapped around nerve, demonstrating axonal growth inhibition due to direct contact of regenerating axons with HA/CMC. These studies demonstrate the efficacy of HA/CMC to limit axonal outgrowth by contact with regenerating axons. HA/CMC barriers may prove to be a tool to prevent @entity2950 formation by inhibiting axonal growth.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2015.

title: Hyaluronic acid/ XXXX cellulose directly applied to transected nerve decreases axonal outgrowth.

entities_list: @entity2950 :: ('MESH:D009463', 'Disease') :: ['neuroma', 'Neuroma']

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethyl']

answer: @entity5070 :: (CHEBI:41402,Chemical) :: ['carboxymethyl']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is one of the most common @entity5 worldwide with an unchanged 5-year survival rate during the last decade. To detect reliable prognostic markers and improve @entity1 ' outcome in future, the aim of our study was to detect differences in microRNA (miRNA; @entity696 ) expression profile and further on to analyze the functional role of selected miRNAs. METHODS: Blood samples from @entity213 @entity1 and sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers were analyzed by microarrays and validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Data were compared with @entity5 tissue results and all findings were correlated with clinical parameters. Additionally, the proliferation and migration potential of two cell lines transfected with miRNA mimics and inhibitors for @entity6991 and @entity10015 were examined. RESULTS: Initial analysis of blood samples showed no significant differences between the miRNA profile of @entity213 @entity1 and healthy controls (p  >  0.05). Interestingly, down-regulation of @entity6991 and @entity10015 in blood of @entity1 correlated with the occurrence of distant metastasis regarding @entity5 @entity1 only (p  =  0.023 and p  =  0.028, respectively). Additionally, our investigations in tissue samples revealed a lower expression of @entity10015 in @entity5 cells (p  =  0.003) and a correlation with higher cT-classification for down-regulation of @entity6991 (p  =  0.005). Moreover, functional assays demonstrated that inhibition of @entity6991 and @entity10015 promoted dramatically proliferation and migration potential, whereas transfection of both mimics had an inhibitory effect. CONCLUSIONS: Characterizing the expression of @entity6991 and @entity10015 and their functional role in @entity5 biology underlined significantly their proliferation and migration potential suggesting relevance as potential prognostic markers in @entity213 .

title: Characterization of @entity6991 and XXXX in blood, tissue and cell lines of @entity213 @entity1 and their impact on cell proliferation and migration.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity10015 :: (406947,Gene) :: ['miR-155']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is one of the most common @entity5 worldwide with an unchanged 5-year survival rate during the last decade. To detect reliable prognostic markers and improve @entity1 ' outcome in future, the aim of our study was to detect differences in microRNA (miRNA; @entity696 ) expression profile and further on to analyze the functional role of selected miRNAs. METHODS: Blood samples from @entity213 @entity1 and sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers were analyzed by microarrays and validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Data were compared with @entity5 tissue results and all findings were correlated with clinical parameters. Additionally, the proliferation and migration potential of two cell lines transfected with miRNA mimics and inhibitors for @entity6991 and @entity10015 were examined. RESULTS: Initial analysis of blood samples showed no significant differences between the miRNA profile of @entity213 @entity1 and healthy controls (p  >  0.05). Interestingly, down-regulation of @entity6991 and @entity10015 in blood of @entity1 correlated with the occurrence of distant metastasis regarding @entity5 @entity1 only (p  =  0.023 and p  =  0.028, respectively). Additionally, our investigations in tissue samples revealed a lower expression of @entity10015 in @entity5 cells (p  =  0.003) and a correlation with higher cT-classification for down-regulation of @entity6991 (p  =  0.005). Moreover, functional assays demonstrated that inhibition of @entity6991 and @entity10015 promoted dramatically proliferation and migration potential, whereas transfection of both mimics had an inhibitory effect. CONCLUSIONS: Characterizing the expression of @entity6991 and @entity10015 and their functional role in @entity5 biology underlined significantly their proliferation and migration potential suggesting relevance as potential prognostic markers in @entity213 .

title: Characterization of XXXX and @entity10015 in blood, tissue and cell lines of @entity213 @entity1 and their impact on cell proliferation and migration.

answer: @entity6991 :: (406938,Gene) :: ['miR-146a']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is one of the most common @entity5 worldwide with an unchanged 5-year survival rate during the last decade. To detect reliable prognostic markers and improve @entity1 ' outcome in future, the aim of our study was to detect differences in microRNA (miRNA; @entity696 ) expression profile and further on to analyze the functional role of selected miRNAs. METHODS: Blood samples from @entity213 @entity1 and sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers were analyzed by microarrays and validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Data were compared with @entity5 tissue results and all findings were correlated with clinical parameters. Additionally, the proliferation and migration potential of two cell lines transfected with miRNA mimics and inhibitors for @entity6991 and @entity10015 were examined. RESULTS: Initial analysis of blood samples showed no significant differences between the miRNA profile of @entity213 @entity1 and healthy controls (p  >  0.05). Interestingly, down-regulation of @entity6991 and @entity10015 in blood of @entity1 correlated with the occurrence of distant metastasis regarding @entity5 @entity1 only (p  =  0.023 and p  =  0.028, respectively). Additionally, our investigations in tissue samples revealed a lower expression of @entity10015 in @entity5 cells (p  =  0.003) and a correlation with higher cT-classification for down-regulation of @entity6991 (p  =  0.005). Moreover, functional assays demonstrated that inhibition of @entity6991 and @entity10015 promoted dramatically proliferation and migration potential, whereas transfection of both mimics had an inhibitory effect. CONCLUSIONS: Characterizing the expression of @entity6991 and @entity10015 and their functional role in @entity5 biology underlined significantly their proliferation and migration potential suggesting relevance as potential prognostic markers in @entity213 .

title: Characterization of @entity6991 and @entity10015 in blood, tissue and cell lines of XXXX @entity1 and their impact on cell proliferation and migration.

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is one of the most common @entity5 worldwide with an unchanged 5-year survival rate during the last decade. To detect reliable prognostic markers and improve @entity1 ' outcome in future, the aim of our study was to detect differences in microRNA (miRNA; @entity696 ) expression profile and further on to analyze the functional role of selected miRNAs. METHODS: Blood samples from @entity213 @entity1 and sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers were analyzed by microarrays and validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Data were compared with @entity5 tissue results and all findings were correlated with clinical parameters. Additionally, the proliferation and migration potential of two cell lines transfected with miRNA mimics and inhibitors for @entity6991 and @entity10015 were examined. RESULTS: Initial analysis of blood samples showed no significant differences between the miRNA profile of @entity213 @entity1 and healthy controls (p  >  0.05). Interestingly, down-regulation of @entity6991 and @entity10015 in blood of @entity1 correlated with the occurrence of distant metastasis regarding @entity5 @entity1 only (p  =  0.023 and p  =  0.028, respectively). Additionally, our investigations in tissue samples revealed a lower expression of @entity10015 in @entity5 cells (p  =  0.003) and a correlation with higher cT-classification for down-regulation of @entity6991 (p  =  0.005). Moreover, functional assays demonstrated that inhibition of @entity6991 and @entity10015 promoted dramatically proliferation and migration potential, whereas transfection of both mimics had an inhibitory effect. CONCLUSIONS: Characterizing the expression of @entity6991 and @entity10015 and their functional role in @entity5 biology underlined significantly their proliferation and migration potential suggesting relevance as potential prognostic markers in @entity213 .

title: Characterization of @entity6991 and @entity10015 in blood, tissue and cell lines of @entity213 XXXX and their impact on cell proliferation and migration.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between intra-prostatic levels of @entity1446 oxygenase (HO), metaflammation in @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) tissue in @entity1 with @entity209 and moderate-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS: Between January 2012 and June 2013, 132 consecutive @entity1 , who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for moderate-severe LUTS, secondary to clinical @entity1067 , were enrolled. Prostate samples were investigated for the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate, according to the Irani score, and for @entity13975 and @entity36702 levels measurements. @entity1 were evaluated for the presence of @entity209 ( @entity209 ) defined by the International @entity6 Federation. RESULTS: We observed that subjects with @entity209 exhibited greater Irani score (3.0 vs. 2.0; p  <  0.05), Irani grade (2.0 vs. 1.0; p  <  0.05) and lower value of @entity13975 (4.55 vs. 6.01; p  <  0.05) and @entity36702 (0.81 vs. 2.66; p  <  0.05). @entity13975 (3.91 vs. 5.67; p  <  0.05) and @entity36702 (1.06 vs. 1.37; p  <  0.05) were significantly reduced in @entity1 with @entity1069 (Irani score  >= 4). At the multivariate logistic regression analysis, @entity13975 reduction (OR 0.588; p  <  0.01), waist circumference (OR 1.09; p  <  0.01), @entity1674 (OR 1.013; p  <  0.05) and HDL (OR 0.750; p  <  0.05) were independent predictors of @entity1069 . We also found that @entity13975 reduction (OR 0.598; p  <  0.01) and the presence of @entity209 (OR 34.846; p  <  0.01) were associated with Irani score  >= 4. CONCLUSION: @entity209 -induced @entity32 may play a key role in @entity1067 . In detail, prostate metaflammation is inversely related to intra-prostatic @entity13975 levels, serum HDL and positively with @entity1674 .

title: Heme oxygenase levels and metaflammation in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['high intra-prostatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between intra-prostatic levels of @entity1446 oxygenase (HO), metaflammation in @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) tissue in @entity1 with @entity209 and moderate-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS: Between January 2012 and June 2013, 132 consecutive @entity1 , who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate for moderate-severe LUTS, secondary to clinical @entity1067 , were enrolled. Prostate samples were investigated for the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate, according to the Irani score, and for @entity13975 and @entity36702 levels measurements. @entity1 were evaluated for the presence of @entity209 ( @entity209 ) defined by the International @entity6 Federation. RESULTS: We observed that subjects with @entity209 exhibited greater Irani score (3.0 vs. 2.0; p  <  0.05), Irani grade (2.0 vs. 1.0; p  <  0.05) and lower value of @entity13975 (4.55 vs. 6.01; p  <  0.05) and @entity36702 (0.81 vs. 2.66; p  <  0.05). @entity13975 (3.91 vs. 5.67; p  <  0.05) and @entity36702 (1.06 vs. 1.37; p  <  0.05) were significantly reduced in @entity1 with @entity1069 (Irani score  >= 4). At the multivariate logistic regression analysis, @entity13975 reduction (OR 0.588; p  <  0.01), waist circumference (OR 1.09; p  <  0.01), @entity1674 (OR 1.013; p  <  0.05) and HDL (OR 0.750; p  <  0.05) were independent predictors of @entity1069 . We also found that @entity13975 reduction (OR 0.598; p  <  0.01) and the presence of @entity209 (OR 34.846; p  <  0.01) were associated with Irani score  >= 4. CONCLUSION: @entity209 -induced @entity32 may play a key role in @entity1067 . In detail, prostate metaflammation is inversely related to intra-prostatic @entity13975 levels, serum HDL and positively with @entity1674 .

title: Heme oxygenase levels and metaflammation in @entity1067 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Primary @entity3270 of the breast is a rare variant, accounting for only 2% to 5% of diagnosed @entity0 , and may have relatively aggressive behavior. Mutational profiling of invasive @entity0 has yielded potential targets for directed @entity5 therapy, yet most studies have not included @entity3270 . In a tissue microarray screen, we found a 2.4% prevalence (9/372) of neuroendocrine @entity0 , including several with lobular morphology. We then screened primary or metastatic @entity0 (excluding papillary and mucinous) for mutations in common @entity5 genes using polymerase chain reaction-mass spectroscopy (643 hotspot mutations across 53 genes), or semiconductor-based next-generation sequencing analysis (37 genes). Mutations were identified in 5 of 15 @entity5 , including 3 with @entity10160 exon 9 @entity20192 mutations, 2 of which also harbored point mutations in FGFR family members ( @entity7167 @entity71701 , @entity16756 @entity71702 ). Single mutations were found in each of @entity319 ( @entity71703 ) and @entity8498 ( @entity27532 ). @entity10160 mutations are common in other types of @entity0 . However, FGFR and RAS family mutations are exceedingly rare in the @entity0 literature. Likewise, activating mutations in the receptor @entity669 kinase @entity319 ( @entity319 ) have been reported in @entity5426 and @entity1149 ; the @entity319 @entity71703 mutation is reported to be sensitive to @entity319 kinase inhibitors, and fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors are in trials. Our findings demonstrate the utility of broad-based genotyping in the study of rare @entity5 such as @entity0 .

title: Novel Mutations in XXXX of the Breast: Possible Therapeutic Targets.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'neuroendocrine breast cancer', 'ductal breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast cancers', 'neuroendocrine breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine carcinomas', 'neuroendocrine carcinoma']

answer: @entity3270 :: (MESH:D018278,Disease) :: ['Neuroendocrine Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment of malignant @entity2615 (MPM) remains very challenging. Assessment of response to treatment is necessary for modifying treatment and using new drugs. Global disease assessment (GDA) by implementing image processing methods to extract more information out of positron emission tomography (PET) images may provide reliable information. In this study we show the feasibility of this method of semi-quantification in @entity1 with @entity2615 , and compare it with the conventional methods. We also present a review of the literature about this topic. METHODS: Nineteen subjects with histologically proven MPM who had undergone fluoride-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) before and after treatment were included in this study. An adaptive contrast-oriented thresholding algorithm was used for the image analysis and semi-quantification. @entity5 volume (MTV), maximum and mean standardized uptake volume (SUVmax, SUVmean) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were calculated for each region of interest. The global @entity5 glycolysis (GTG) was obtained by summing up all TLG. Treatment response was assessed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) criteria and the changes of GTG. Agreement between global disease assessment and conventional method was also determined. RESULTS: In @entity1 with progressive disease based on EORTC criteria, GTG showed an increase of 150.7 but in @entity1 with stable or partial response, GTG showed a decrease of 433.1. The SUVmax of @entity1 before treatment was 5.95 (SD: 2.93) and after the treatment it increased to 6.38 (SD: 3.19). Overall concordance of conventional method with GDA method was 57%. Concordance of progression of disease based on conventional method was 44%, stable disease was 85% and partial response was 33%. Discordance was 55%, 14% and 66%. CONCLUSIONS: Adaptive contrast-oriented thresholding algorithm is a promising method to quantify the whole @entity5 glycolysis in @entity1 with @entity2615 . We are able to assess the total metabolic lesion volume, lesion glycolysis, SUVmax, @entity5 SUVmean and GTG for this particular @entity5 . Also we were able to demonstrate the potential use of this technique in the monitoring of treatment response. More studies comparing this technique with conventional and other global disease assessment methods are needed in order to clarify its role in the assessment of treatment response and prognosis of these @entity1 .

title: Feasibility and performance of an adaptive contrast-oriented FDG PET/CT quantification technique for global disease assessment of malignant XXXX and a brief review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'Metabolic tumor']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma', 'mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: Management of @entity1187 without persistent ST-segment elevation (NSTE-ACS) and @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ) remains challenging. The study aimed to analyze the current management of @entity1459 @entity1 in German @entity662 units focussing on the different time lines of invasive strategy. METHODS:: A total of 1400 @entity1459 @entity1 admitted to a certified @entity662 unit were enrolled. Analyses of high-risk criteria with indication for invasive management and of 3-month clinical outcomes were performed by subgrouping @entity1459 @entity1 to immediate and early invasive (<8 hours), early elective invasive (8-24 hours), late elective invasive (24-72 hours) strategy, and without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). RESULTS:: Coronary angiography was performed in 60.6% of the @entity1459 @entity1 , whereas PCI was necessary in 37%. Only 1.4% of the @entity1459 @entity1 obtained immediate PCI within the first 120 minutes. In 16.9%, @entity1 received PCI within the first day of hospitalization or even within the first 8 hours after admission in another 7.7%, although the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score at admission was below 140. In the remaining 12.4% of the @entity1459 @entity1 , PCI was performed within 24-72 hours after admission. Those @entity1 exhibited a higher prevalence of secondary risk markers than those with conservative treatment regimen. CONCLUSIONS:: To date, almost two-third of @entity1459 @entity1 at intermediate to high risk receive rapid invasive regimen within the first 24 hours after admission. Oncoming studies will have to analyze its overall guideline-adherence and resulting differences in major adverse events.

title: Timing of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Troponin-negative @entity1 With XXXX Without Persistent ST-segment Elevation: Preliminary Results and Status Quo in German Chest Pain Units.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UAP', 'unstable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['Acute Coronary Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: Management of @entity1187 without persistent ST-segment elevation (NSTE-ACS) and @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ) remains challenging. The study aimed to analyze the current management of @entity1459 @entity1 in German @entity662 units focussing on the different time lines of invasive strategy. METHODS:: A total of 1400 @entity1459 @entity1 admitted to a certified @entity662 unit were enrolled. Analyses of high-risk criteria with indication for invasive management and of 3-month clinical outcomes were performed by subgrouping @entity1459 @entity1 to immediate and early invasive (<8 hours), early elective invasive (8-24 hours), late elective invasive (24-72 hours) strategy, and without percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). RESULTS:: Coronary angiography was performed in 60.6% of the @entity1459 @entity1 , whereas PCI was necessary in 37%. Only 1.4% of the @entity1459 @entity1 obtained immediate PCI within the first 120 minutes. In 16.9%, @entity1 received PCI within the first day of hospitalization or even within the first 8 hours after admission in another 7.7%, although the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score at admission was below 140. In the remaining 12.4% of the @entity1459 @entity1 , PCI was performed within 24-72 hours after admission. Those @entity1 exhibited a higher prevalence of secondary risk markers than those with conservative treatment regimen. CONCLUSIONS:: To date, almost two-third of @entity1459 @entity1 at intermediate to high risk receive rapid invasive regimen within the first 24 hours after admission. Oncoming studies will have to analyze its overall guideline-adherence and resulting differences in major adverse events.

title: Timing of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Troponin-negative XXXX With @entity1187 Without Persistent ST-segment Elevation: Preliminary Results and Status Quo in German Chest Pain Units.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECT The Milan Complexity Scale-a new practical grading scale designed to estimate the risk of neurological clinical worsening after performing surgery for @entity5 removal-is presented. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on all elective consecutive surgical procedures for @entity5 resection between January 2012 and December 2014 at the Second Division of Neurosurgery at Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta of Milan. A prospective database dedicated to reporting complications and all clinical and radiological data was retrospectively reviewed. The Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) was used to classify each @entity1 's health status. Complications were divided into major and minor and recorded based on etiology and required treatment. A logistic regression model was used to identify possible predictors of clinical worsening after surgery in terms of changes between the preoperative and discharge KPS scores. Statistically significant predictors were rated based on their odds ratios in order to build an ad hoc complexity scale. For each @entity1 , a corresponding total score was calculated, and ANOVA was performed to compare the mean total scores between the improved/unchanged and worsened @entity1 . Relative risk (RR) and chi-square statistics were employed to provide the risk of worsening after surgery for each total score. RESULTS The case series was composed of 746 @entity1 (53.2% female; mean age 51.3    17.1). The most common @entity5 were @entity1653 (28.6%) and @entity463 (24.1%). The mortality rate was 0.94%, the major complication rate was 9.1%, and the minor complication rate was 32.6%. Of 746 @entity1 , 523 (70.1%) @entity1 improved or remained unchanged, and 223 (29.9%) @entity1 worsened. The following factors were found to be statistically significant predictors of the change in KPS scores: @entity5 size larger than 4 cm, @entity129 , major brain vessel manipulation, posterior fossa location, and eloquent area involvement (Nagelkerke R(2) = 0.286). A grading scale was obtained with scores ranging between 0 and 8. Worsened @entity1 showed mean total scores that were significantly higher than the improved/unchanged scores (3.24    1.55 vs 1.47    1.58; p < 0.001). Finally, a grid was developed to show the risk of worsening after surgery for each total score: scores higher than 3 are suggestive of worse clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Through the evaluation of the 5 aforementioned parameters-the Big Five-the Milan Complexity Scale enables neurosurgeons to estimate the risk of a negative clinical course after @entity1313 surgery and share these data with the @entity1 . Furthermore, the Milan Complexity Scale could be used for research and educational purposes and better health system management.

title: Predicting functional impairment in XXXX surgery: the Big Five and the Milan Complexity Scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve manipulation']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: This report reveals the results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled study using transurethral prostate convective water vapor thermal energy to treat lower urinary tract symptoms associated with @entity1067 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 50 years old or older with an International Prostate Symptom Score of 13 or greater, maximum flow rate of 15 ml per second or less and prostate size 30 to 80 cc were randomized 2:1 between thermal therapy with the Rez  m   System and control. Thermal water vapor was injected into the transition zone and median lobe as needed. The control procedure was rigid cystoscopy with simulated active treatment sounds. The primary end point compared International Prostate Symptom Score reduction at 3 months. Treatment subjects were followed for 12 months. RESULTS: There were 197 @entity1 randomized (active 136, control 61). Thermal therapy and control International Prostate Symptom Score was reduced by 11.2     7.6 and 4.3    6.9 respectively (p <0.0001). Treatment subject baseline International Prostate Symptom Score of 22 decreased at 2 weeks (18.6, p=0.0006) and by 50% or greater at 3, 6 and 12 months, p <0.0001. The peak flow rate increased by 6.2 ml per second at 3 months and was sustained throughout 12  months (p  <0.0001).  No de novo @entity323 was reported. Adverse events were mild to moderate and resolved quickly. CONCLUSIONS: Convective water vapor thermal therapy provides rapid and durable improvements in @entity1067 symptoms and preserves erectile and ejaculatory function. Treatment can be delivered in an office or hospital setting using oral pain medication and is applicable to all prostate zones including the median lobe.

title: Minimally Invasive Prostate Convective Water Vapor Energy Ablation: A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Study for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Metabolomics is a new field of medicine focused on examining and analyzing metabolites produced in biological cells. Biological fluids primarily used in this method include: plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva and urine. The most common methods of evaluating the composition involve nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance (MR) with addition of gas chromatography (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography (LC-MS). Metabolomics is used in a wide variety of medicine disciplines. The variability of biochemical processes in @entity5 cells in comparison to normal cells is the starting point of such studies. The metabolomic changes are observed not only in solid @entity5 , like the @entity5 , @entity43 but also in @entity5 of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Nowadays, the aim of studies is to find biomarkers which would help to diagnose a disease quickly, assess its progression, and implement effective treatment. Metabolomics is also widely applied in @entity209 , mainly the @entity6 . The list of examined metabolites gives promising chances for a successful prognosis, diagnosis and comprehensive monitoring of the progression of this civilization disease. The development of metabolomics will also contribute to the individualization of treatment, proper drugs adjustment, which will make a therapy more successful, cause less side effects and improve the quality of @entity1 's life.

title: [The use of metabolomics in medicine - some examples of oncological and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer, prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2059 (ITZ), a @entity10998 antifungal agent, is a poorly water-soluble drug that is orally administered for treatment of @entity364 such as @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity5929 is relatively well controlled but @entity3 can be fatal, especially in immunosuppressed @entity1 . Aerosolized ITZ delivered to the lung may provide a local treatment and prophylaxis against @entity3 at the primary site of infection in the lungs. Variations of the percent @entity400 ( @entity400 ), the percent emitted dose, and the physical properties of the aerosol (e.g., crystallinity) can confound consistent delivery. METHODS: ITZ NanoClusters were formulated via milling (top-down process) or precipitation (bottom-up process) without using any excipients. @entity2059 formulations (ITZ) were prepared by milling 1 gram of micronized @entity2059 in 300   mL of fluid. The suspension was collected at 0.5, 1, and 2 hours milling time. Milled ITZ was compared to ITZ prepared by anti-solvent precipitation and to the stock micronized @entity2059 . The aerosolization performance of ITZ formulations was determined using an Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI). RESULTS: The physicochemical properties and aerosol performance of different ITZ NanoClusters suggested an optimized wet milling was the preferred process compared to precipitation. ITZ NanoClusters prepared by wet milling showed better aerosol performance compared to micronized ITZ as received and ITZ NanoClusters prepared by precipitation. ITZ NanoClusters prepared by precipitation methods also showed an amorphous state, while ITZ milled in 10% @entity167 maintained the crystalline character of ITZ throughout a 2 hour milling time. CONCLUSIONS: The aerosol performance of milled ITZ NanoClusters was dramatically improved compared to micronized ITZ as received due to the difference of drug particle structures. ITZ NanoCluster formulations represent a potential engineered drug particle approach for inhalation therapy, providing effective aerosol properties and stability due to the crystalline state of the drug powders.

title: NanoCluster XXXX Formulations Provide a Potential Engineered Drug Particle Approach to Generate Effective Dry Powder Aerosols.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['FPF', 'fine particle fraction']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['ABPA', 'allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole', 'itraconazole']

answer: @entity2059 :: (MESH:D017964,Chemical) :: ['Itraconazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Increased carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and the presence of plaques have been shown to be predictors of @entity65 . The cardiovascular risk in @entity1 with overt @entity1374 is related to increased risk of @entity731 , but there has been no clear evidence about @entity74 . We have assessed whether subclinical @entity1374 is associated with arterial thickening and plaque. METHODS AND RESULTS: The SardiNIA study is a population-based survey on the Italian island of Sardinia. We reviewed data from 5815 subjects (aged 14-102 years), none of whom had overt @entity1378 or @entity1375 or was taking thyroid medication. Serum thyrotropin (TSH), free @entity1955 , together with carotid ultrasound @entity121 and the presence of common carotid plaques were analysed in all subjects. Possible association of @entity121 and carotid plaques with thyroid parameters was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. @entity121 was significantly associated with age, sex, smoking, low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL), high density lipoprotein @entity165 , pulse pressure (PP), history of arterial @entity101 , @entity6 , and previous @entity65 (p  =  0.001 or lower, R(2)  =  0.47). Carotid plaques were predicted by age, sex, LDL, PP, history of @entity6 , previous @entity65 , and the use of statins (p  =  0.029 or lower). Thyroid hormone was not predictive of @entity2998 when adjusted for confounders. CONCLUSION: Thyroid hormone is not associated with increased @entity121 or with the presence of @entity543 . Our data do not support the idea that treating @entity74 might help to prevent arterial remodelling or @entity2998 .

title: No evidence of association between subclinical XXXX and common carotid intima medial thickness or @entity731 plaque.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery plaque']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction', 'thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Increased carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and the presence of plaques have been shown to be predictors of @entity65 . The cardiovascular risk in @entity1 with overt @entity1374 is related to increased risk of @entity731 , but there has been no clear evidence about @entity74 . We have assessed whether subclinical @entity1374 is associated with arterial thickening and plaque. METHODS AND RESULTS: The SardiNIA study is a population-based survey on the Italian island of Sardinia. We reviewed data from 5815 subjects (aged 14-102 years), none of whom had overt @entity1378 or @entity1375 or was taking thyroid medication. Serum thyrotropin (TSH), free @entity1955 , together with carotid ultrasound @entity121 and the presence of common carotid plaques were analysed in all subjects. Possible association of @entity121 and carotid plaques with thyroid parameters was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. @entity121 was significantly associated with age, sex, smoking, low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL), high density lipoprotein @entity165 , pulse pressure (PP), history of arterial @entity101 , @entity6 , and previous @entity65 (p  =  0.001 or lower, R(2)  =  0.47). Carotid plaques were predicted by age, sex, LDL, PP, history of @entity6 , previous @entity65 , and the use of statins (p  =  0.029 or lower). Thyroid hormone was not predictive of @entity2998 when adjusted for confounders. CONCLUSION: Thyroid hormone is not associated with increased @entity121 or with the presence of @entity543 . Our data do not support the idea that treating @entity74 might help to prevent arterial remodelling or @entity2998 .

title: No evidence of association between subclinical @entity1374 and common carotid intima medial thickness or XXXX plaque.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy exists regarding the predictive ability of a negative sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and the use of adjuvant radiation in @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ). METHODS: Retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity3852 undergoing SLNB at Mayo Clinic from 1995 to 2011. Cumulative incidence (CI) of regional recurrence and @entity204 from @entity3852 , respectively, were estimated taking into account the competing risk of @entity204 from other causes and compared between groups using Gray's test. RESULTS: A total of 111 (74  %) of 150 SLNB were negative and comprised our study group. There were 15 regional recurrences, and the CI of a regional recurrence was 5.1, 15.0, and 16.6  % at 1, 3, and 5  years, respectively, after initial surgery. Nine @entity1 (8  % of all @entity1 ) experienced a same nodal basin recurrence after a negative SLNB. Among 14 @entity1 who received nodal radiation, the CI of a regional recurrence was 0 and 9.1  % at 1 and 3  years, respectively, compared to 5.8 and 15.5  %, respectively, among the 97 who did not receive nodal radiation (p  =  0.45). Male sex was the only characteristic predictive of regional recurrence after a negative SLNB; the CI at 3  years was 21.3 versus 0  % in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively (p  =  0.007). Head and neck location was not associated with a higher risk of recurrence or an improvement in regional recurrences after radiation. CONCLUSIONS: Same nodal basin recurrences are uncommon after SLNB in @entity3852 , and regional nodal irradiation can be avoided in the setting of successful sentinel lymph node mapping and a negative SLNB.

title: Negative Sentinel Lymph Node XXXX is Associated with a Low Risk of Same-Nodal-Basin Recurrences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['MCC', 'Merkel cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Biopsy in Merkel Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A primary @entity81 ( @entity81 ) arising from sternum is quite uncommon @entity5 in thoracic surgery. @entity5 requires extensive resection of the anterior chest wall, and results in @entity717 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old  female presented a progressively enlarging mass of her anterior chest wall. Computed tomography revealed an @entity690 with discrete @entity730 in the bone marrow of the sternum. The @entity5 extended across the destroyed cortex to the parietal and visceral soft aspects, involving some of the costal cartilage and most of the sternal body. Partial sternal resection was performed successfully and an individual-specific stainless steel plate was used to reconstruct the anterior chest wall. The early result was good, however, nine months after the first surgery, fractures of plate were found at bilateral plate-clavicular junction. The plate had to be removed, and a @entity702 mesh was used to reconstruction of the chest wall. The @entity1 has been of disease free for more than 18  month after the second surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience indicated that the individual-specific plate may not be suitable for reconstructing both the anterior chest wall as well as the sternoclavicular joint after subtotal sternum resection.

title: Surgical management of a XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Removal of giant sternal tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['deformity and paradoxical movement']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['chondromyxoid fibroma', 'CMF']

answer: @entity81 :: (MESH:D005350,Disease) :: ['giant sternal chondromyxoid fibroma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In a thermally driven rotary motor made from double-walled @entity505 nanotubes, the @entity28309 (inner tube) can be actuated to rotate within the stator (outer tube) when the environmental temperature is high enough. A sudden stoppage of the @entity28309 can occur when the inner tube has been actuated to rotate at a stable high speed. To find the mechanisms of such sudden stoppages, eight motor models with the same @entity28309 but different stators are built and simulated in the canonical NVT ensembles. Numerical results demonstrate that the sudden stoppage of the @entity28309 occurs when the difference between radii is near 0.34 nm at a high environmental temperature. A smaller difference between radii does not imply easier activation of the @entity2459 . During rotation, the positions and electron density distribution of atoms at the ends of the motor show that a sp(1) bonded atom on the @entity28309 is attracted by the sp(1) atom with the biggest deviation of radial position on the stator, after which they become two sp(2) atoms. The strong bond interaction between the two atoms leads to the loss of rotational speed of the @entity28309 within 1 ps. Hence, the sudden stoppage is attributed to two factors: the deviation of radial position of atoms at the stator's ends and the drastic thermal vibration of atoms on the @entity28309 in rotation. For a stable motor, sudden stoppage could be avoided by reducing deviation of the radial position of atoms at the stator's ends. A nanobrake can be, thus, achieved by adjusting a sp(1) atom at the ends of stator to stop the rotation of @entity28309 quickly.

title: @entity2459 in a thermally driven rotary motor made from double-walled XXXX nanotubes.

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden rotor stoppage']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In a thermally driven rotary motor made from double-walled @entity505 nanotubes, the @entity28309 (inner tube) can be actuated to rotate within the stator (outer tube) when the environmental temperature is high enough. A sudden stoppage of the @entity28309 can occur when the inner tube has been actuated to rotate at a stable high speed. To find the mechanisms of such sudden stoppages, eight motor models with the same @entity28309 but different stators are built and simulated in the canonical NVT ensembles. Numerical results demonstrate that the sudden stoppage of the @entity28309 occurs when the difference between radii is near 0.34 nm at a high environmental temperature. A smaller difference between radii does not imply easier activation of the @entity2459 . During rotation, the positions and electron density distribution of atoms at the ends of the motor show that a sp(1) bonded atom on the @entity28309 is attracted by the sp(1) atom with the biggest deviation of radial position on the stator, after which they become two sp(2) atoms. The strong bond interaction between the two atoms leads to the loss of rotational speed of the @entity28309 within 1 ps. Hence, the sudden stoppage is attributed to two factors: the deviation of radial position of atoms at the stator's ends and the drastic thermal vibration of atoms on the @entity28309 in rotation. For a stable motor, sudden stoppage could be avoided by reducing deviation of the radial position of atoms at the stator's ends. A nanobrake can be, thus, achieved by adjusting a sp(1) atom at the ends of stator to stop the rotation of @entity28309 quickly.

title: XXXX in a thermally driven rotary motor made from double-walled @entity505 nanotubes.

answer: @entity2459 :: (MESH:D003639,Disease) :: ['Sudden stoppage of rotor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The liver is the most central organ and the largest gland of the body that influences and controls a variety of metabolic and catabolic processes. It produces inconceivable many essential proteins, is responsible for the recovery of various food components, degrades toxins, mediates the bile production, and is involved in the excretion of unwanted metabolites. Several of these anabolic or catabolic functions of the liver depend on trace elements. These are either integral part of enzymes, cofactors, or act as chemical catalysts. Therefore, a lack of trace elements can lead to organ failure or @entity262 . Conversely, excessive hepatic trace element deposition resulting from @entity74 , intoxication, extensive dietary supply, or long-term parenteral nutrition may cause @entity99 , @entity82 , @entity82 , and even @entity157 . Although specific serum parameters currently allow rough assessment of metal deficit and excess, the precise quantification of hepatic metal content in liver is presently only possible by different titration or staining techniques of biopsy specimens. Recently, novel innovative metal imaging techniques were developed that are on the way to replace these traditional methods. In the present review, we summarize the function of different trace elements in liver health and disease and discuss the present knowledge on how quantitative biometal imaging techniques such as synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry enrich diagnostics in the detection and quantification of @entity99 . We will further discuss sample preparation, sensitivity, spatial resolution, specificity, quantification strategies, and potential future applications of metal bioimaging in experimental research and clinical daily routine.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:666-686, 2016.

title: Trace metal imaging in diagnostic of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic illness']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic inflammation', 'hepatic metal disorders']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic metal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: T cells and macrophages are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity449 ( @entity449 ) and @entity731 . We recently demonstrated that a vaccine using an @entity9331 -related peptide @entity42346 reduces @entity731 with favorable modulation of CD8(+) T cells in @entity6970 -deficient (apoE(-/-)) @entity19 . OBJECTIVES: This study hypothesized that a @entity42346 vaccine could reduce @entity449 formation in the @entity15395 ( @entity15395 )-induced @entity449 model. METHODS: Male apoE(-/-) @entity19 were immunized with @entity42346 vaccine and implanted with an @entity15395 -releasing pump for 4  weeks. Flow cytometry assessed T cell activation and phenotype. @entity777 ( @entity777 ) and @entity1750 ( @entity1750 ) expression were assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We used ex  vivo aortic explants to test monocyte adhesion and in  vitro cocultures to evaluate CD8(+) T cell function. RESULTS: The @entity42346 vaccine activated CD8(+) T cells and reduced @entity449 formation and mortality due to @entity1755 , which was attenuated by CD8(+) T cell depletion. Vaccination decreased expression of @entity777 and @entity1750  and reduced macrophage infiltration in the aorta. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assay showed that CD8(+) T cells from @entity42346 -immunized @entity19 had higher lytic activity against @entity15395 -stimulated macrophages. The @entity42346 vaccine decreased splenic Th17 cells, and in  vitro coculture of @entity1961 (+) and CD8(+) T cells showed that CD8(+) T cells from @entity42346 -immunized @entity19 inhibited the polarization of @entity1961 (+) T cells into Th17 cells. @entity636 (-/-) @entity19 infused with a higher dose of @entity15395 did not develop @entity1755 . CONCLUSIONS: A @entity42346 vaccine protected against @entity15395 -induced @entity449 formation and mortality by reducing macrophage infiltration in the aorta and decreasing Th17 cell polarization. Our findings provide a potentially novel immunomodulating approach against @entity449 .

title: XXXX -Related Peptide Vaccine Protects Against @entity15395 -Induced @entity449 Formation and Rupture.

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['AA rupture']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein 1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity9331 :: (238055(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ApoB-100']