abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity79 are associated with @entity65 and mortality in @entity1 with @entity740 and the general population. METHODS: We assessed the impact of baseline serum @entity4613 and @entity460 on longitudinal blood pressure (BP) control and survival in @entity101 adults. We studied 9260 @entity101 adults followed for 40 years (151789 @entity1 -years). Changes in BP over initial 5-year follow-up were analysed using generalized estimating equations. Survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Serum @entity4613 levels were higher in @entity101 @entity1 (1.10mmol/l  0.20) than compared to @entity1 (1.02mmol/l  0.21). In treated @entity101 @entity1 , higher baseline serum @entity4613 was significantly associated with poor @entity353 (one standard deviation increase in @entity4613 was associated with 0.22 and 0.59 mmHg higher SBP at 5 years in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively). Higher serum @entity4613 was significantly associated with all-cause and @entity65 in @entity1 , whereas in @entity1 and women, serum @entity460 significantly predicted all-cause and noncardiovascular mortality. In @entity101 @entity1 with @entity740 , higher @entity4613 was significantly associated with poorer survival. CONCLUSION: In @entity101 patients, serum @entity4613 and @entity460 are significantly associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular survival and this appears not to be related to BP control.

title: Association between serum @entity4613 and @entity460 , long-term blood pressure, and mortality in treated XXXX adults.

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity79 are associated with @entity65 and mortality in @entity1 with @entity740 and the general population. METHODS: We assessed the impact of baseline serum @entity4613 and @entity460 on longitudinal blood pressure (BP) control and survival in @entity101 adults. We studied 9260 @entity101 adults followed for 40 years (151789 @entity1 -years). Changes in BP over initial 5-year follow-up were analysed using generalized estimating equations. Survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Serum @entity4613 levels were higher in @entity101 @entity1 (1.10mmol/l  0.20) than compared to @entity1 (1.02mmol/l  0.21). In treated @entity101 @entity1 , higher baseline serum @entity4613 was significantly associated with poor @entity353 (one standard deviation increase in @entity4613 was associated with 0.22 and 0.59 mmHg higher SBP at 5 years in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively). Higher serum @entity4613 was significantly associated with all-cause and @entity65 in @entity1 , whereas in @entity1 and women, serum @entity460 significantly predicted all-cause and noncardiovascular mortality. In @entity101 @entity1 with @entity740 , higher @entity4613 was significantly associated with poorer survival. CONCLUSION: In @entity101 patients, serum @entity4613 and @entity460 are significantly associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular survival and this appears not to be related to BP control.

title: Association between serum @entity4613 and XXXX , long-term blood pressure, and mortality in treated @entity101 adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal SBP reduction']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities of bone mineral parameters']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To assess normal and pathological peptidomic changes that may lead to an improved understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying ageing, urinarypeptidomes of 1227 healthy and 10333 diseased individuals between 20 and 86 years of age were investigated. The diseases thereby comprised @entity6 , @entity65 . Using age as a continuous variable, 116 peptides were identified that significantly (p < 0.05;     >= 0.2) correlated with age in the healthy cohort. The same approach was applied to the diseased cohort. Upon comparison of the peptide patterns of the two cohorts 112 common age-correlated peptides were identified. These 112 peptides predominantly originated from collagen, uromodulin and @entity2002 . While most fibrillar and basement membrane collagen fragments showed a decreased age-related excretion, uromodulin, @entity2262 and @entity2002 fragments showed an increase. Peptide-based in silico protease analysis was performed and 32 proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases and cathepsins, were predicted to be involved in ageing. Identified peptides, predicted proteases and @entity1 information were combined in a systems biology pathway analysis to identify molecular pathways associated with normal and/or pathological ageing. While perturbations in collagen homeostasis, trafficking of toll-like receptors and endosomal pathways were commonly identified, degradation of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins was uniquely identified in pathological ageing.

title: Identification of ageing-associated naturally occurring peptides in XXXX urine.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta-2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['renal and cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Raised @entity13554 ( @entity13554 ) is the diagnostic hallmark of @entity8674 trait (bTT). @entity4764 may arise in @entity645 -positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). We compared the effect of various antiretroviral drugs on @entity13554 levels. We attempted to determine which drugs elevate @entity13554 levels causing a false-positive diagnosis of bTT and correlate the findings with red cell indices. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the records of an antenatal @entity2395 screening program was carried out for 78 @entity645 -positive adults (70 antenatal @entity1 and 8 husbands) to study the effect of antiretroviral drugs on @entity13554 levels. Three had bTT; 20 treatment-na  ve subjects constituted controls. The effects of @entity9611 (36 cases), @entity14027 (7 cases), and @entity15833 (12 cases) were evaluated. High-performance liquid chromatography was done for @entity13554 levels. Values of 3.5-3.9% were borderline and   >=    4% with @entity24194 microcytosis was considered to be bTT. RESULTS: Twenty individuals not on ART had normal @entity13554 %. Three @entity1 had bTT and showed @entity24194 microcytosis despite being on @entity9611 . Fourteen of 55 @entity1 on treatment (25.5%) had borderline @entity13554 values (mean 3.7%): 11 were on a @entity9611 -based regimen and 3 on a @entity14027 -based regimen. One @entity1 on @entity9611 had 4.1% @entity13554 with normal Hb and severe @entity11140 (MCV 128.5 fl), leading to a false suspicion of bTT. All @entity1 on @entity15833 had normal @entity13554 . Hematological parameters, including mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), and @entity13554 levels were increased due to antiretroviral drugs @entity9611 and @entity14027 . CONCLUSION: Treatment-na  ve subjects and those on @entity15833 showed no effect on @entity13554 levels compared with @entity9611 and @entity14027 . A proportion of @entity1 on @entity9611 or @entity14027 had borderline elevated @entity13554 levels, which could lead to a false impression of bTT.

title: Effect of antiretroviral therapy on hemoglobin A2 values can have implications in antenatal XXXX screening programs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['stavudine']

entities_list: @entity24194 :: ('MESH:D000747', 'Disease') :: ['hypochromic']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity11140 :: ('MESH:C564004', 'Disease') :: ['macrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity15833 :: ('MESH:C096918', 'Chemical') :: ['tenofovir']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['Diagnostic difficulties']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassemia']


abstract: Purpose: Recently, three large genome-wide association studies have identified multiple variants associated with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) near the @entity21123 gene. Considering that @entity725 and primary @entity2747 (PACG) share many similar clinical manifestations, the present study was conducted to investigate whether these genetic variants were also associated with PACG in a Han Chinese population. Methods: A case-control association study of 1122 cases (PACG/PAC) and 1311 normal, matched controls was undertaken. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the @entity21123 gene, including @entity71577 , @entity71578 , @entity71579 , @entity71580 , @entity71581 , @entity71582 , and @entity71583 , were genotyped. Genotype and allele frequencies were assessed using   2 tests. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) structure was analyzed by computer software. Results: Among the SNPs genotyped, no association was observed between these SNPs and PACG. However, we discovered that two haplotypes, CATTTAC (corrected P = 0.048) and CGCCCGC (corrected P = 0.048), remained significantly associated with PACG/PAC after Bonferroni correction. Subjects with the CATTTAC haplotype have a 1.71-fold increased possibility of having PACG/PAC, whereas subjects with the CGCCCGC haplotype have 0.47-fold decreased possibility of developing PACG. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the genetic backgrounds of PACG and @entity725 might be different. However, whether or not @entity21123 plays a role in the development of PACG is still not made certain by this study. Thus, further research is needed to find the role of @entity21123 in the progress of PACG.

title: Evaluation of the Association Between Common Genetic Variants Near the XXXX Gene and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma in a Han Chinese Population.

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity21123 :: (19,Gene) :: ['ABCA1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in treatment of @entity64 in @entity1 has been explored over the past decade the data remain controversial in terms of optimal stimulation parameters and the mechanisms of rTMS long-term effects. This study aimed to explore the potential of different rTMS protocols to induce changes in gene expression in @entity35 cortices after acute @entity63 -reperfusion @entity1545 . The @entity64 was induced by @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) with subsequent reperfusion. Changes in the expression of 96 genes were examined using low-density expression arrays after @entity2500 alone and after @entity2500 combined with 1Hz, 5Hz, continuous (cTBS) and intermittent (iTBS) theta-burst rTMS. rTMS over the lesioned hemisphere was given for two weeks (with a 2-day pause) in a single daily session and a total of 2400 pulses. @entity2500 alone induced significant upregulation in the expression of 44 genes and downregulation in 10. Two weeks of iTBS induced significant increase in the expression of 52 genes. There were no downregulated genes. 1Hz and 5Hz had no significant effects on gene expression, while cTBS effects were negligible. Upregulated genes included those involved in angiogenesis, @entity32 , injury response and cellular repair, structural remodeling, neuroprotection, neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity. The results show that long-term rTMS in acute @entity63 -reperfusion @entity1545 induces complex changes in gene expression that span multiple pathways, which generally promote the recovery. They also demonstrate that induced changes primarily depend on the rTMS frequency (1Hz and 5Hz vs. iTBS) and pattern (cTBS vs. iTBS). The results further underlines the premise that one of the benefits of rTMS application in @entity64 may be to prime the brain, enhancing its potential to cope with the injury and to rewire. This could further augment its potential to favorably respond to rehabilitation, and to restore some of the loss functions.

title: The Effects of Different Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Protocols on Cortical Gene Expression in a XXXX Model of Cerebral Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: Several Louisiana parishes (counties) using the Mississippi River for their source of public drinking water have the highest mortality rates (1950-69) in the United States for several @entity5 . Therefore, a case-control mortality study on @entity96 , brain, pancreas, bladder, kidney, prostate, rectum, colon, esophagus, stomach, @entity1893 , @entity1582 , @entity1778 , @entity978 , @entity358 ; breast and malignant @entity320 , from 1960 to 1975 in South Louisiana parishes grouped for similarities in industrial characteristics, having approximately equal exposure of the population to surface and groundwater, was conducted. Noncancer @entity204 were randomly selected as controls and matched to the case @entity204 on age, race, sex, and year and parish group of @entity204 . Water source at @entity204 was assigned based on the residence at @entity204 and described as surface or ground and chlorinated or nonchlorinated. A significantly increased risk for surface, chlorinated water use was noted for @entity5 . No risk could be demonstrated for @entity694 . The risk noted for @entity150 by other investigators is not substantiated. @entity1313 risk appears to be associated with chlorinated groundwater, but this may be industrial confounding. @entity0 demonstrated a slight, but significant, risk associated with surface chlorinated water. This risk, however, might be due to confounding of rural life style, early childbearing and large families with nonchlorinated water found in these settings. Chlorination risk for @entity703 was not significant. No risk was observed in association with surface water for other @entity5 of the gastrointestinal or urinary tract. @entity1582 was significantly associated with a risk from ground water.

title: Case-control XXXX mortality study and chlorination of drinking water in Louisiana.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) has been associated with increased oxidative stress or reduced antioxidant resources. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the levels of serum @entity63 -modified albumin (IMA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and total antioxidant status in @entity1 with stable @entity1030 , compared with a control group. METHODS: This study was performed on 51 @entity1 with stable @entity1030 (42 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 ; mean age 56.92      3.0 years) and 45 healthy control @entity1 (32 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ; 54.8      3.8 years). The levels of serum lipids, IMA, total antioxidant status, @entity66 , and ox-LDL were measured in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The levels of serum IMA, ox-LDL, and @entity66 were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1030 than those in control individuals. There was no difference between the levels of serum total antioxidant status, @entity1674 , total @entity165 , and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) of @entity1 with @entity1030 and those of control individuals. Serum high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels were significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity1030 than in control individuals. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that serum IMA, ox-LDL, and @entity66 may be increased as a result of chronic @entity519 , @entity32 , and oxidative stress in @entity1 with severe and very severe stable @entity1030 . Our findings also revealed that IMA is higher in @entity1 with Global Initiative for @entity1030 Stages II, III, and IV, while @entity66 and ox-LDL are higher in @entity1 with Global Initiative for @entity1030 Stage IV. Measurements of serum IMA, @entity66 , and ox-LDL levels may be useful markers in the evaluation of stable @entity1030 .

title: Role of oxidative stress and serum lipid levels in stable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['total oxidant status', 'TOS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease', 'Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS) is persistence of an anomalous embryological connection of the portal vein with a large vein of the vena cava system. Clinical presentations include @entity1448 , @entity96 , and @entity75 , but can be variable in timing and symptomatology. We report 2 @entity1 who presented 10 years apart with the same complaint of early pubarche at age 7 years, with inappropriately low @entity2990 levels. In addition to @entity3610 (elevated @entity251 and @entity2671 ) and advanced bone age, both had @entity3190 , and hypothyroxinemia. The 2nd case also had symptomatic @entity4053 . Presentation of CPSS with this combination of findings in prepubertal @entity1 has not been reported previously. With further investigations, we proposed novel mechanisms explaining these manifestations. @entity3610 is caused by decreased hepatic sulfation of @entity2494 to less active DHEAS due to shunting of @entity2494 to systemic circulation. Elevated @entity2494 is then used for synthesis of more potent @entity3800 . Shunting of postabsorbtive @entity413 from portal to systemic circulation causes early @entity4854 leading to exaggerated insulin secretion. Insulin bypasses the hepatic metabolism directly entering into the systemic circulation, which results in @entity3190 , then in turn causes late @entity4053 . Finally, hypothyroxinemia was linked to @entity3939 deficiency, which has not been reported in CPSS.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Premature Pubarche, XXXX and Hypothyroxinemia: Novel Manifestations of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts (Abernethy Malformation) in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenemia', 'Hyperandrogenemia']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3939 :: ('6906', 'Gene') :: ['thyroxin-binding globulin']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['Hyperinsulinemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS) is persistence of an anomalous embryological connection of the portal vein with a large vein of the vena cava system. Clinical presentations include @entity1448 , @entity96 , and @entity75 , but can be variable in timing and symptomatology. We report 2 @entity1 who presented 10 years apart with the same complaint of early pubarche at age 7 years, with inappropriately low @entity2990 levels. In addition to @entity3610 (elevated @entity251 and @entity2671 ) and advanced bone age, both had @entity3190 , and hypothyroxinemia. The 2nd case also had symptomatic @entity4053 . Presentation of CPSS with this combination of findings in prepubertal @entity1 has not been reported previously. With further investigations, we proposed novel mechanisms explaining these manifestations. @entity3610 is caused by decreased hepatic sulfation of @entity2494 to less active DHEAS due to shunting of @entity2494 to systemic circulation. Elevated @entity2494 is then used for synthesis of more potent @entity3800 . Shunting of postabsorbtive @entity413 from portal to systemic circulation causes early @entity4854 leading to exaggerated insulin secretion. Insulin bypasses the hepatic metabolism directly entering into the systemic circulation, which results in @entity3190 , then in turn causes late @entity4053 . Finally, hypothyroxinemia was linked to @entity3939 deficiency, which has not been reported in CPSS.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Premature Pubarche, @entity3190 and Hypothyroxinemia: Novel Manifestations of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts (Abernethy Malformation) in XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: PURPOSE: Current guidelines recommend postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for incompletely resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, there is still a paucity of evidence for this approach. Hence, we analyzed survival in 78 @entity1 following radiotherapy for incompletely resected @entity1149 (R1) and investigated prognostic factors. @entity1 AND METHODS: All 78 @entity1 with incompletely resected @entity1149 (R1) received PORT between December 2001 and September 2014. The median total dose for PORT was 60Gy (range 44-68Gy). The majority of @entity1 had locally advanced @entity5 stages (stage IIA (2.6%), stage IIB (19.2%), stage IIIA (57.7%) and stage IIIB (20.5%)). 21 @entity1 (25%) received postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: Median follow-up after radiotherapy was 17.7 months. Three-year overall ( @entity3012 ), progression-free (PFS), local (LPFS) and distant progression-free survival (DPFS) rates were 34.1, 29.1, 44.9 and 51.9%, respectively. @entity3012 was significantly prolonged at lower nodal status ( @entity3121 ) and following dose-escalated PORT with total radiation doses >54Gy (p=0.012, p=0.013). Furthermore, radiation doses >54Gy significantly improved PFS, LPFS and DPFS (p=0.005; p=0.050, p=0.022). Interestingly, survival was neither significantly influenced by R1 localization nor by extent (localized vs. diffuse). Multivariate analyses revealed lower nodal status and radiation doses >54.0Gy as the only independent prognostic factors for @entity3012 (p=0.021, p=0.036). CONCLUSION: For incompletely resected @entity1149 , PORT is used for improving @entity5 control. Local progression is still the major pattern of failure. Radiation doses >54Gy seem to support improved local control and were associated with better @entity3012 in this retrospective study.

title: Outcome and prognostic factors of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) after incomplete resection of XXXX ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Current guidelines recommend postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for incompletely resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, there is still a paucity of evidence for this approach. Hence, we analyzed survival in 78 @entity1 following radiotherapy for incompletely resected @entity1149 (R1) and investigated prognostic factors. @entity1 AND METHODS: All 78 @entity1 with incompletely resected @entity1149 (R1) received PORT between December 2001 and September 2014. The median total dose for PORT was 60Gy (range 44-68Gy). The majority of @entity1 had locally advanced @entity5 stages (stage IIA (2.6%), stage IIB (19.2%), stage IIIA (57.7%) and stage IIIB (20.5%)). 21 @entity1 (25%) received postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: Median follow-up after radiotherapy was 17.7 months. Three-year overall ( @entity3012 ), progression-free (PFS), local (LPFS) and distant progression-free survival (DPFS) rates were 34.1, 29.1, 44.9 and 51.9%, respectively. @entity3012 was significantly prolonged at lower nodal status ( @entity3121 ) and following dose-escalated PORT with total radiation doses >54Gy (p=0.012, p=0.013). Furthermore, radiation doses >54Gy significantly improved PFS, LPFS and DPFS (p=0.005; p=0.050, p=0.022). Interestingly, survival was neither significantly influenced by R1 localization nor by extent (localized vs. diffuse). Multivariate analyses revealed lower nodal status and radiation doses >54.0Gy as the only independent prognostic factors for @entity3012 (p=0.021, p=0.036). CONCLUSION: For incompletely resected @entity1149 , PORT is used for improving @entity5 control. Local progression is still the major pattern of failure. Radiation doses >54Gy seem to support improved local control and were associated with better @entity3012 in this retrospective study.

title: Outcome and prognostic factors of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) after incomplete resection of @entity1149 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the possibility of using @entity281 method during sacral neuromodulation (SNM) operation to prevent postoperative loacal incision @entity281 . METHODS: SNM were performed for 23 @entity1 (male 11 cases, and female 12 cases) who had intractable lower urinary tract dysfunctoin from January 2013 to Feburary 2015. During the treatment period (both in stage I and stage II), several steps were adopted to prevernt local incision @entity281 after opertion, such as @entity272 , strict aseptic operating, intravenous infusion of antibiotics ( @entity3398 or @entity5553 ) prophylacticly at least 24 h, using sterile water to wash the incison in operation and taking oral antibiotics anti- @entity281 as supplemental after operation. At the meantime, microbiological examination was performed in the explanted tined leads , extension wire connection and local gluteal tissue. RESULTS: A total of 23 @entity1 received SNM with local anesthesia, mean time of operation, hospitalization and test period were 1.5 h, 3.2 d and 37.1 d , respectively. All @entity1 had no symptoms of clinical local @entity281 after stage I test period and all incisions were healing with I/A standard. Eight @entity1 were removed the inside electrodes because of poor effect at the end of test period with local anesthesia. Bacterial growth was not detected in all 8 @entity1 of explanted tined leads and extension wire connection. And all 8 @entity1 had their incision healed with I/A standard. Fifteen @entity1 received implantable pulse generator (IPG) with local anesthesia. Mean time of operation was 63 min and mean time of hospitalization was 2.2 d. Among them , 10 @entity1 ' extension wire connection and loacal tissue were send to microbiological examination and no bacterial growth was found. All stage II incisions were healing with I/A standard. CONCLUSION: Perioperative @entity281 method could prevent local incision @entity281 after SNM.

title: [Initial experiences of preventing local incision XXXX during sacral neuromodulation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive anti-infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive skin disinfection']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is a debilitating chronic @entity16 that affects approximately 2.3 million individuals worldwide, with higher prevalence in females, and a strong genetic component. While over 200 @entity15 susceptibility loci have been identified in GWAS, the underlying mechanisms whereby they contribute to disease susceptibility remains ill-defined. Forward genetics approaches using conventional laboratory @entity19 strains are useful in identifying and functionally dissecting genes controlling disease-relevant phenotypes, but are hindered by the limited genetic diversity represented in such strains. To address this, we have combined the powerful chromosome substitution (consomic) strain approach with the genetic diversity of a wild-derived inbred @entity19 . Using @entity56 ( @entity56 ), a @entity19 model of @entity15 , we evaluated genetic control of disease course among a panel of 26 consomic strains of @entity19 inheriting chromosomes from the wild-derived PWD strain on the C57BL/6J background, which models the genetic diversity seen in @entity1 populations. Nineteen linkages on 18 chromosomes were found to harbor loci controlling @entity56 . Of these 19 linkages, six were male-specific, four were female-specific, and nine were non-sex-specific, consistent with a differential genetic control of disease course between males and females. An @entity15 -GWAS candidate-driven bioinformatic analysis using orthologous genes linked to @entity56 course identified sex-specific and non-sex-specific gene networks underlying disease pathogenesis. An analysis of sex hormone regulation of genes within these networks identified several key molecules, prominently including the MAP kinase family, known hormone-dependent regulators of sex differences in @entity56 course. Importantly, our results provide the framework by which consomic @entity19 strains with overall genome-wide genetic diversity, approximating that seen in @entity1 , can be used as a rapid and powerful tool for modeling the genetic architecture of @entity15 . Moreover, our data represent the first step towards mechanistic dissection of genetic control of sexual dimorphism in CNS @entity792 .

title: Identification of genetic determinants of the sexual dimorphism in CNS XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease of the nervous system']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['experimental allergic encephalomyelitis', 'EAE']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Promising results are emerging in clinical trials focused on stem cell therapy for cardiology applications. However, the low homing and engraftment of the injected cells to target tissue continues to be a problem. Cellular glycoengineering can address this limitation by enabling the targeting of stem cells to sites of @entity1317 . Two such glycoengineering methods are presented here: i. The non-covalent incorporation of a @entity4619 ( @entity4619 ) mimetic 19Fc[ @entity23521 (+)] via lipid-protein G fusion intermediates that intercalate onto the cell surface, and ii. Over-expression of the a(1,3)fucosyltransferse @entity23521 in cells. Results demonstrate the efficient coupling of 19Fc[ @entity23521 (+)] onto both cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with coupling being more efficient when using protein G fused to single-tailed @entity7609 rather than double-tailed @entity23210 ( @entity29547 ). This non-covalent cellular modification was mild since cell proliferation and stem-cell marker expression was unaltered. Whereas coupling using 19Fc[ @entity23521 (+)] enhanced cell capture on recombinant @entity8729 or CHO-P cell surfaces, a(1,3)fucosylation was necessary for robust binding to @entity4105 and inflamed endothelial cells under shear. Pilot studies confirm the safety and homing efficacy of the modified stem cells to sites of @entity63 -reperfusion in the porcine heart. Overall, glycoengineering with physiological selectin-ligands may enhance stem cell engraftment.

title: Cell surface glycoengineering improves selectin-mediated adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs): Pilot validation in porcine XXXX -reperfusion model.

entities_list: @entity29547 :: ('MESH:C020888', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4619 :: ('6404', 'Gene') :: ['PSGL-1', 'P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury/inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stem cells from the adult hair follicle bulge can differentiate into neurons and glia, which is advantageous for the development of an autologous cell-based therapy for @entity16 . Consequently, bulge stem cells from plucked hair may increase opportunities for personalized neuroregenerative therapy. Hairs were plucked from the scalps of healthy donors, and the bulges were cultured without prior tissue treatment. Shortly after outgrowth from the bulge, cellular protein expression was established immunohistochemically. The doubling time was calculated upon expansion, and the viability of expanded, cryopreserved cells was assessed after shear stress. The neuroglial differentiation potential was assessed from cryopreserved cells. Shortly after outgrowth, the cells were immunopositive for nestin, @entity19099 , @entity18720 and @entity1935 , and negative for @entity6489 . Each bulge yielded approximately 1  *  10(4) cells after three passages. Doubling time was 3.3 (  1.5)  days. Cellular viability did not differ significantly from control cells after shear stress. The cells expressed class III b-tubulin ( @entity537 ) and synapsin-1 after 3  weeks of neuronal differentiation. Glial differentiation yielded @entity32854 - and MPZ-immunopositive cells after 2  weeks. We demonstrated that @entity1 hair follicle bulge-derived stem cells can be cultivated easily, expanded efficiently and kept frozen until needed. After cryopreservation, the cells were viable and displayed both neuronal and glial differentiation potential.

title: Isolation, expansion and neural differentiation of stem cells from XXXX plucked hair: a further step towards autologous nerve recovery.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity293 ( @entity293 ) are frequently complicated with @entity2259 . Many cases of this infection are diagnosed and treated by general practitioners. We retrospectively exam- ined the characteristics of @entity293 presenting with urosepsis. METHODS: We assigned 57 UTI @entity1 into two groups according to the results of the blood cultures. @entity1 were admitted to the Department of General Practice at Sakai City Hospital from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011. We investigated the medical records retrospectively. RESULTS: 22 @entity1 presented with urosepsis and 35 did not. Urosepsis in the @entity1 was significantly associated with @entity6 and ureteral stones ( @entity6 : 32 vs. 3%, p = 0.004; ureteral stone: 23 vs. 3%, p = 0.03). @entity1209 and @entity3041 were seen in about one half of the @entity1 with urosepsis and were significantly more frequent ( @entity390 or @entity391 : 45 vs. 17%, p = 0.03; @entity3041 : 36 vs. 11%, p = 0.04). @entity491 (white blood cell (WBC) count > 12,000/gL) or @entity1431 (WBC count < 4,000 / L) were significantly more frequent (68% vs. 29%) but no significant association was found between urosepsis and body temperature or C-reactive proteins. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1209 , ureteral stones or @entity3041 , @entity6 and @entity491 or @entity1431 had significantly higher rates in the @entity1 with urosepsis.

title: [The characteristics of XXXX with urosepsis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocytosis', 'leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea or vomiting']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6937 ( @entity6937 ) is one of the most common adverse events of @entity34 ( @entity34 ), and there is currently no effective method to manage @entity6937 . The purpose of this study was to examine the prophylactic effect of a film dressing using Airwall on @entity34 -induced @entity6937 compared with standard skin managements. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 271 @entity1 with @entity263 who were scheduled for @entity34 at our center were divided into 2 groups based on their own requests: 145 @entity1 (53%) chose Airwall (group A) and 126 @entity1 (47%) received standard treatments (group B). We evaluated irradiated skin every other day during @entity34 and followed up once a week for a month after completion of @entity34 . RESULTS: Grade 0, 1, 2, and 3 @entity1909 were seen in 2, 122, 21, and 0 and 0, 65, 57, and 4 @entity1 in groups A and B, respectively (P<.001). Numbers of days to grades 1 and 2 @entity6937 development were 34.9      14.3 and 54.7      10.3 and 31.8      11.3 and  54.4      11.6 in groups A and B, respectively. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups. Eighteen @entity1 (12%) in group A who experienced problems  in the region covered with Airwall switched to standard skin care after peeling the film off. CONCLUSIONS: Film dressing using Airwall reduced the severity of @entity6937 without delaying the response time of the skin to proton beam irradiation compared with standard skin management. Hence, film dressing is considered a promising measure for preventing @entity6937 secondary to @entity34 .

title: Effect of Film Dressing on Acute Radiation XXXX Secondary to Proton Beam Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['Acute radiation dermatitis', 'ARD']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['proton beam therapy', 'PBT']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['Dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2172 with effusion (OME) or @entity2171 ( @entity2171 ) is a common cause of hearing difficulty in @entity1 . @entity2171 must be detected early and managed properly to prevent conductive @entity393 in @entity1 . It was aimed to compare results of laser myringotomy and conventional myringotomy in terms of hearing improvement, recurrence of @entity2171 and time to put ventilation tube. METHODS: This randomized control trial was conducted from February 2012 to April 2014. @entity1 of 4 years age or older with @entity2171 were included in the study. These @entity1 were investigated with Pure tone audiometry (PTA) and tympanometry to confirm conductive @entity393 . X-Ray nasopharynx lateral view was performed for adenoids. Sixty-six @entity1 were randomly assigned in to 2 groups, (1) treated with laser myringotomy and (2) treated with classical myringotomy. The ears were evaluated for @entity2171 , for presence of perforation and level of hearing. RESULTS: A total of 98 ears in 66 @entity1 underwent intervention. @entity2171 cleared in 44 out of 48 ears with laser myringotomy (LM) as compared to34 out of 50 ears with incisional myringotomy. The perforation was still patent in 36 ears treated with LM while it was found closed in all 50 ears with conventional myringotomy after 2 weeks. The hearing level improved with LM by 10-15 dB after first 3 months. CONCLUSION: The aim of management in @entity2346 media with effusion is ventilation of tympanic cavity. Laser myringotomy is a best alternative to conventional one. It also has comparable results with @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ). The ears with refractory or recurrent @entity2171 should have @entity5274 insertion.

title: Laser and incisional XXXX media with effusion-a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['Otitis media']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventilation tubes']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['MEE', 'Middle ear effusion', 'middle ear effusion']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['myringotomy in otitis']


abstract: @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) is a frequent complication of longstanding @entity6 . Nevertheless uncertainty exists on defining risk factors (RF) for @entity1897 in @entity6 . In order to elucidate this matter, at an early stage of the vascular complication, 54 non insulin dependent @entity6 ( @entity2175 ) @entity1 , males, age range 40-59 years, without clinical signs of @entity1897 , were investigated by digital pulse plethysmography, measuring the inclination time (IT) of the pulse wave. A significant correlation was found between systolic blood pressure (BP) or fasting serum @entity165 (FSC) and IT (r = .28 p less than .05 and r = .34 p less than .05). IT was significantly higher in insulin treated @entity1 compared with those on oral hypoglycemic treatment (154 +/- 41 msec; 122 +/- 25 msec; p less than .05) ( @entity13309 ). No significant effect on IT was induced by body weight, diastolic BP, serum @entity1674 . A positive correlation was found between the number of RF (FSC greater than or equal to 220 mg/dl; systolic BP greater than or equal to 160 mmHg; insulin treatment) in each @entity1 and IT (r = .55 p less than .001). In the absence of RF, IT was similar to that in non @entity6 , normocholesterolemic, normotensive @entity1 of the same age (119 +/- 27; 116 +/- 15). FSC, systolic BP and insulin treatment are major RF for @entity1897 in male @entity2175 @entity1 . The condition is worsened by the simultaneous presence of two or more RF together.

title: Risk factors for @entity1897 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral Atherosclerosis', 'PA']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['non insulin dependent diabetes']


abstract: @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) is a frequent complication of longstanding @entity6 . Nevertheless uncertainty exists on defining risk factors (RF) for @entity1897 in @entity6 . In order to elucidate this matter, at an early stage of the vascular complication, 54 non insulin dependent @entity6 ( @entity2175 ) @entity1 , males, age range 40-59 years, without clinical signs of @entity1897 , were investigated by digital pulse plethysmography, measuring the inclination time (IT) of the pulse wave. A significant correlation was found between systolic blood pressure (BP) or fasting serum @entity165 (FSC) and IT (r = .28 p less than .05 and r = .34 p less than .05). IT was significantly higher in insulin treated @entity1 compared with those on oral hypoglycemic treatment (154 +/- 41 msec; 122 +/- 25 msec; p less than .05) ( @entity13309 ). No significant effect on IT was induced by body weight, diastolic BP, serum @entity1674 . A positive correlation was found between the number of RF (FSC greater than or equal to 220 mg/dl; systolic BP greater than or equal to 160 mmHg; insulin treatment) in each @entity1 and IT (r = .55 p less than .001). In the absence of RF, IT was similar to that in non @entity6 , normocholesterolemic, normotensive @entity1 of the same age (119 +/- 27; 116 +/- 15). FSC, systolic BP and insulin treatment are major RF for @entity1897 in male @entity2175 @entity1 . The condition is worsened by the simultaneous presence of two or more RF together.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in @entity2175 .

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral atherosclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is a leading cause of invasive disease in @entity1 . Accurate and rapid diagnosis is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the dltR gene was utilised for the direct detection of @entity1892 DNA in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from @entity1 at an Irish maternity hospital. A retrospective review of laboratory and @entity1 records during the period 2011-2013 was performed in order to evaluate PCR and culture for the diagnosis of @entity3 . A total of 3570 blood and 189 CSF samples from 3510 @entity1 had corresponding culture and PCR results. Culture and PCR exhibited concordance in 3526 @entity1892 -negative samples and 13 (25  %) @entity1892 -positive samples (n   =   53). Six (11  %) and 34 (64  %) @entity1892 -positive samples were positive only in culture or PCR, respectively. Culture and PCR identified more @entity1892 -positive @entity1 (n   =   47) than PCR (n   =   43) or culture (n   =   16) alone. Using culture as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for PCR on blood samples were 71.4  %, 99.2  %, 25  % and 99.9  %, and for CSF samples, they were 60  %, 97.8  %, 42.9  % and 98.9  %, respectively. The sensitivity and positive predictive values were improved (blood: 84.6  % and 55  %; CSF: 77.8  % and 100  %, respectively) when maternal risk factors and other laboratory test results were considered. The findings in this study recommend the use of direct @entity1892 real-time PCR for the diagnosis of @entity2623 in @entity1 with a clinical suspicion of invasive disease and as a complement to culture, but should be interpreted in the light of other laboratory and clinical findings.

title: Real-time polymerase chain reaction and culture in the diagnosis of invasive group B streptococcal disease in XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2623 :: ('MESH:C531629', 'Disease') :: ['GBS infection']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Group B streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive GBS disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the early 1970s, satisfactory long-term treatment of the severe @entity158 associated with @entity5 was not available. Spinal cord stimulation introduced a few years earlier in 1967 had not proven to be effective in treating @entity158 . We describe our pioneering experience using an implanted device to infuse local anesthetics into the epidural space and provide @entity158 relief to the @entity1 . METHODS: Increasing doses of systemic opioids were unsuccessful in treating the intractable @entity158 of spinal metastases in our @entity1 . We devised an analgesic delivery system by modifying equipment usually used for ventriculoperitoneal shunts. A lumbar epidural catheter was inserted in the @entity1 's spine, then tunneled subcutaneously across the flank to the anterior abdominal wall, and subsequently connected to a modified Ommaya reservoir with ventriculoperitoneal shunt tubing. This was filled with local anesthetic and injected into the @entity1 's epidural space by manual compression. RESULTS: The system was used for several months with intermittent addition of local anesthetic to the reservoir with satisfactory control of the @entity1 's @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: We describe the first use of an implanted epidural catheter system for long-term relief of @entity158 due to @entity5 that occurred at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston. We contend that this event played an important role in the cascade of devices that followed and connect it to the changes in the attitude of health care providers toward treatment of @entity5 .

title: A report on the consequences of the first implanted device for long-term analgesia in refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['terminal cancer', 'metastatic cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nociceptive pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: The clinical, laboratorial and histological aspects of 50 cases of @entity99 were analysed, as well as the follow-up of 24 @entity1 . The mean age of the 50 @entity1 was 42,9 years (range: 25 to 65 years); 44 were males. The beginning of the symptomatology was insidious in great number of cases. The @entity382 was most habitual clinical signal (92% of cases). The @entity1087 was observed in 58% of the cases. Twenty six per cent of the @entity1 had not manifestation of advanced hepatopaty at the moment of diagnosis. The most constant laboratorial alteration (except the increase of gama-glutamil-transpeptidase, dosed in rare cases) was the increase of SGOT (94%). Histological examination showed @entity39 and inflammatory exudate in all cases; @entity1560 in 98%; Mallory bodies in 78%; @entity82 in 84%; @entity82 in 44%. In the group of @entity1 that came to the obit at the first internation, @entity1087 , digestive @entity548 , @entity75 , @entity281 , leucocitosis and decreased prothrombin activity. The follow-up of 24 cases (3 months to 5 years) showed aggravation of illness and frequent evolution to @entity82 in @entity1 that maintained the @entity167 ingestion.

title: [ XXXX : clinical, laboratorial and histological study of 50 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Alcoholic hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether serum high-sensitive troponin T (hs- @entity16894 ) levels at the convalescent stage of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) are associated with long-term mortality. METHODS: This study enrolled a total of 2944 consecutive @entity583 @entity1 who were registered in the Osaka Acute @entity301 Study between 2000 and 2009, and whose hs- @entity16894 levels were evaluated at the convalescent stage. @entity1 were divided into four hs- @entity16894 category groups according to the results of survival classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. The impact of hs- @entity16894 levels on 5-year mortality was evaluated using multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Only one @entity1 had hs- @entity16894 level below the detection limit of the assay (<0.003ng/mL). The median hs- @entity16894 level was 0.025 (quartile 0.011-0.083)ng/mL. During the median follow-up period of 1782 days, 188 @entity1 died. Survival CART analysis revealed that the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd discriminating hs- @entity16894 levels to discern 5-year mortality were 0.028, 0.008, and 1.340ng/mL, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios for the medium-low (0.009-0.028ng/mL), medium-high (0.029-1.340ng/mL), and high-risk (>= 1.341ng/mL) groups were 3.03 (95% confidence interval 1.18-7.77, p=0.021), 4.29 (1.63-11.28, p=0.003), and 8.68 (2.20-34.27, p=0.002), respectively. Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) analysis revealed that incorporation of this hs- @entity16894 classification scheme with other clinical variables statistically improved the discriminatory accuracy for 5-year mortality, with a time-dependent IDI of 0.0076 (p=0.033). CONCLUSIONS: hs- @entity16894 levels at the convalescent stage were associated with long-term mortality in @entity583 @entity1 . Even subclinical elevation of hs- @entity16894 levels was associated with increased 5-year mortality.

title: Subclinical elevation of high-sensitive troponin T levels at the convalescent stage is associated with increased 5-year mortality after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary Insufficiency']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and @entity10688 ( @entity10688 ) have been implicated in diverse physiological functions. @entity9067 phosphorylates and activates @entity10688 suggesting that at least some of these physiological functions may require both enzymes. To test the hypothesis that sequential activation of @entity9067 and @entity10688 is commonly involved in regulatory pathways, we utilized siRNA to knock down @entity9067 and @entity10688 in cultured @entity1 arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC). Microarray analysis using a whole-transcript expression chip identified changes in gene expression induced by @entity9067 and @entity10688 knockdown. @entity9067 knockdown affected the expression of 553 genes, while @entity10688 knockdown affected the expression of 390 genes. A high incidence of regulation of transcription regulator genes was observed in both knockdowns. Other affected groups included transporters, kinases, peptidases, transmembrane and G protein-coupled receptors, growth factors, phosphatases and ion channels. Only 76 differentially expressed genes were common to @entity9067 and @entity10688 knockdown. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified five pathways shared between the two knockdowns. We focused on cytokine signaling pathways since @entity9067 knockdown up-regulated 5 and down-regulated 4 cytokine genes, in contrast to @entity10688 knockdown, which affected the expression of only two cytokine genes (both down-regulated). @entity650 gene expression and secretion of @entity650 protein were up-regulated by @entity9067 knockdown, whereas @entity10688 knockdown reduced @entity650 mRNA expression and @entity650 protein secretion and increased @entity9067 protein expression, suggesting that @entity9067 may inhibit @entity650 secretion. @entity1356 mRNA and protein levels were increased in response to @entity9067 knockdown. Differences in the effects of @entity9067 and @entity10688 knockdown on cell cycle regulatory genes suggested that @entity9067 and @entity10688 regulate the cell cycle by different mechanisms. @entity9067 , but not @entity10688 knockdown reduced the viability and inhibited proliferation of vascular SMC. We conclude that @entity9067 and @entity10688 have diverse, but predominantly distinct regulatory functions in vascular SMC and that @entity9067 -mediated activation of @entity10688 is not involved in most of these functions.

title: The effects of knockdown of XXXX on gene expression and function in cultured @entity1 arterial smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity10688 :: ('1613', 'Gene') :: ['ZIPK', 'zipper-interacting protein kinase']

answer: @entity10688 :: (1613,Gene) :: ['rho-associated kinase 1 and zipper-interacting protein kinase']


abstract: Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) and @entity10688 ( @entity10688 ) have been implicated in diverse physiological functions. @entity9067 phosphorylates and activates @entity10688 suggesting that at least some of these physiological functions may require both enzymes. To test the hypothesis that sequential activation of @entity9067 and @entity10688 is commonly involved in regulatory pathways, we utilized siRNA to knock down @entity9067 and @entity10688 in cultured @entity1 arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC). Microarray analysis using a whole-transcript expression chip identified changes in gene expression induced by @entity9067 and @entity10688 knockdown. @entity9067 knockdown affected the expression of 553 genes, while @entity10688 knockdown affected the expression of 390 genes. A high incidence of regulation of transcription regulator genes was observed in both knockdowns. Other affected groups included transporters, kinases, peptidases, transmembrane and G protein-coupled receptors, growth factors, phosphatases and ion channels. Only 76 differentially expressed genes were common to @entity9067 and @entity10688 knockdown. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified five pathways shared between the two knockdowns. We focused on cytokine signaling pathways since @entity9067 knockdown up-regulated 5 and down-regulated 4 cytokine genes, in contrast to @entity10688 knockdown, which affected the expression of only two cytokine genes (both down-regulated). @entity650 gene expression and secretion of @entity650 protein were up-regulated by @entity9067 knockdown, whereas @entity10688 knockdown reduced @entity650 mRNA expression and @entity650 protein secretion and increased @entity9067 protein expression, suggesting that @entity9067 may inhibit @entity650 secretion. @entity1356 mRNA and protein levels were increased in response to @entity9067 knockdown. Differences in the effects of @entity9067 and @entity10688 knockdown on cell cycle regulatory genes suggested that @entity9067 and @entity10688 regulate the cell cycle by different mechanisms. @entity9067 , but not @entity10688 knockdown reduced the viability and inhibited proliferation of vascular SMC. We conclude that @entity9067 and @entity10688 have diverse, but predominantly distinct regulatory functions in vascular SMC and that @entity9067 -mediated activation of @entity10688 is not involved in most of these functions.

title: The effects of knockdown of @entity10688 on gene expression and function in cultured XXXX arterial smooth muscle cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity526 expression system is a powerful tool for the production of recombinant eukaryotic proteins. We use it to produce Shadoo, a protein belonging to the prion family. A chromatographic method for the purification of (His)6-tagged recombinant Shadoo expressed as inclusion bodies is described. The inclusion bodies are solubilized in 8 M @entity1133 and bound to a @entity3411 -charged column to perform ion affinity chromatography. Bound proteins are eluted by a gradient of @entity8304 . Fractions containing Shadoo protein are subjected to size exclusion chromatography to obtain a highly purified protein. In the final step purified Shadoo is desalted to remove salts, @entity1133 and @entity8304 . Recombinant Shadoo protein is an important reagent for biophysical and biochemical studies of protein conformation disorders occurring in @entity1579 . Many reports demonstrated that prion @entity179 originate from the deposition of stable, ordered amyloid fibrils. Sample protocols describing how to fibrillate Shadoo into amyloid fibrils at acidic and neutral/basic pHs are presented. The methods on how to produce and fibrillate Shadoo can facilitate research in laboratories working on @entity1579 , since it allows for production of large amounts of protein in a rapid and low cost manner.

title: Purification and Refolding to Amyloid Fibrils of (His)6-tagged Recombinant Shadoo Protein Expressed as Inclusion Bodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion diseases']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of @entity5161 @entity590 administered at 2 multiples of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) on tissue perfusion in @entity235 . ANIMALS 8 healthy young adult Beagles. PROCEDURES A randomized crossover design was used. @entity235 were anesthetized with @entity5161 at 1.5 or 2.0 times the MAC for 2 hours, a 7-day washout period was provided, and @entity235 were reanesthetized with the alternate treatment. Various physiologic variables were monitored before @entity590 (baseline), at 20-minute intervals during @entity590 , and after anesthetic recovery. Variable values were compared between MAC multiples by means of repeated-measures ANOVA, with the Tukey test used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS During @entity590 , mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and mixed venous @entity26 saturation were significantly greater when @entity5161 was administered at 1.5 versus 2.0 times the MAC. Cardiac output gradually increased during @entity590 at 1.5 times but not at 2.0 times the MAC. Arterial blood @entity880 concentration did not differ between MAC multiples at any point; however, this concentration decreased with increasing anesthetic duration at both MAC multiples. @entity26 delivery differed between MAC multiples, and @entity26 consumption differed from baseline during @entity590 at 2.0 times the MAC. @entity26 extraction was higher at 2.0 versus 1.5 times the MAC. Heart rate differed between MAC multiples only after anesthetic recovery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE @entity5161 @entity590 impaired tissue perfusion in @entity235 , but these changes would not be clinically relevant with @entity26 delivery at 100%. Peripheral tissue perfusion was maintained or improved with time.

title: Effects on indicators of tissue perfusion in @entity235 anesthetized with XXXX at two multiples of the minimum alveolar concentration.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['anesthesia']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of @entity5161 @entity590 administered at 2 multiples of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) on tissue perfusion in @entity235 . ANIMALS 8 healthy young adult Beagles. PROCEDURES A randomized crossover design was used. @entity235 were anesthetized with @entity5161 at 1.5 or 2.0 times the MAC for 2 hours, a 7-day washout period was provided, and @entity235 were reanesthetized with the alternate treatment. Various physiologic variables were monitored before @entity590 (baseline), at 20-minute intervals during @entity590 , and after anesthetic recovery. Variable values were compared between MAC multiples by means of repeated-measures ANOVA, with the Tukey test used for multiple comparisons. RESULTS During @entity590 , mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and mixed venous @entity26 saturation were significantly greater when @entity5161 was administered at 1.5 versus 2.0 times the MAC. Cardiac output gradually increased during @entity590 at 1.5 times but not at 2.0 times the MAC. Arterial blood @entity880 concentration did not differ between MAC multiples at any point; however, this concentration decreased with increasing anesthetic duration at both MAC multiples. @entity26 delivery differed between MAC multiples, and @entity26 consumption differed from baseline during @entity590 at 2.0 times the MAC. @entity26 extraction was higher at 2.0 versus 1.5 times the MAC. Heart rate differed between MAC multiples only after anesthetic recovery. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE @entity5161 @entity590 impaired tissue perfusion in @entity235 , but these changes would not be clinically relevant with @entity26 delivery at 100%. Peripheral tissue perfusion was maintained or improved with time.

title: Effects on indicators of tissue perfusion in XXXX anesthetized with @entity5161 at two multiples of the minimum alveolar concentration.

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The trafficking of T-lymphocytes to peripheral draining lymph nodes is crucial for mounting an adaptive immune response. The role of chemokines in the activation of integrins via Ras-related small GTPases has been well established. R-Ras is a member of the Ras-subfamily of small @entity7307 -binding proteins and its role in T cell trafficking has been investigated in R-Ras null @entity19 ( @entity58787 -/-). An examination of the lymphoid organs of @entity58787 -/- @entity19 revealed a 40% reduction in the cellularity of the peripheral lymph nodes. Morphologically, the high endothelial venules of @entity58787 -/- @entity19 were more disorganized and less mature than those of wild-type @entity19 . Furthermore, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from @entity58787 -/- @entity19 had approximately 42% lower surface expression of @entity6232 / @entity6232 . These aberrant peripheral lymph node phenotypes were associated with proliferative and trafficking defects in @entity58787 -/- T cells. Furthermore, R-Ras could be activated by the chemokine, CCL21. Indeed, @entity58787 -/- T cells had approximately 14.5% attenuation in binding to @entity8024 upon CCL21 stimulation. Finally, in a graft-versus host disease model, recipient @entity19 that were transfused with @entity58787 -/- T cells showed a significant reduction in disease severity when compared with @entity19 transplanted with wild-type T cells. These findings implicate a role for R-Ras in T cell trafficking in the high endothelial venules during an effective immune response.

title: R-Ras Regulates @entity19 T Cell Migration and XXXX Binding.

entities_list: @entity7307 :: ('CHEBI:15996', 'Chemical') :: ["guanosine-5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity8024 :: ('15894(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

answer: @entity8024 :: (15894(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The trafficking of T-lymphocytes to peripheral draining lymph nodes is crucial for mounting an adaptive immune response. The role of chemokines in the activation of integrins via Ras-related small GTPases has been well established. R-Ras is a member of the Ras-subfamily of small @entity7307 -binding proteins and its role in T cell trafficking has been investigated in R-Ras null @entity19 ( @entity58787 -/-). An examination of the lymphoid organs of @entity58787 -/- @entity19 revealed a 40% reduction in the cellularity of the peripheral lymph nodes. Morphologically, the high endothelial venules of @entity58787 -/- @entity19 were more disorganized and less mature than those of wild-type @entity19 . Furthermore, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from @entity58787 -/- @entity19 had approximately 42% lower surface expression of @entity6232 / @entity6232 . These aberrant peripheral lymph node phenotypes were associated with proliferative and trafficking defects in @entity58787 -/- T cells. Furthermore, R-Ras could be activated by the chemokine, CCL21. Indeed, @entity58787 -/- T cells had approximately 14.5% attenuation in binding to @entity8024 upon CCL21 stimulation. Finally, in a graft-versus host disease model, recipient @entity19 that were transfused with @entity58787 -/- T cells showed a significant reduction in disease severity when compared with @entity19 transplanted with wild-type T cells. These findings implicate a role for R-Ras in T cell trafficking in the high endothelial venules during an effective immune response.

title: R-Ras Regulates XXXX T Cell Migration and @entity8024 Binding.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Clinical data show that disease adversely affects tissue elasticity or @entity2693 . While macrophage activity plays a critical role in driving disease pathology, there are limited data available on the effects of tissue @entity2693 on macrophage activity. In this study, the effects of substrate @entity2693 on inflammatory mediator production by macrophages were investigated. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were grown on @entity2975 gels that mimicked the @entity2693 of a variety of soft biological tissues. Overall, macrophages grown on soft substrates produced less proinflammatory mediators than macrophages grown on stiff substrates when the endotoxin @entity558 was added to media. In addition, the pathways involved in @entity2693 -regulated proinflammation were investigated. The @entity2939 signaling pathway was examined by evaluating @entity2939 , p-NF-kB @entity9135 , @entity4100 , and p-IkBa expression as well as p-NF-kB @entity9135 translocation. Expression and translocation of the various signaling molecules were higher in macrophages grown on stiff substrates than on soft substrates. Furthermore, @entity2939 knockout experiments showed that @entity2939 activity enhanced proinflammation on stiff substrates. In conclusion, these results suggest that proinflammatory mediator production initiated by @entity2939 is mechanically regulated in macrophages.

title: Substrate Stiffness Regulates Proinflammatory Mediator Production through XXXX Activity in Macrophages.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity2939 :: (7099,Gene) :: ['TLR4']


abstract: In 14 open-chest mongrel @entity235 , the effects of heart rate on hemodynamic severity of proximal @entity3979 were studied. @entity850 was produced by a circumferential wire snare on left circumflex coronary artery. An intermediate @entity850 was defined by reduction of peak reactive @entity450 response to 200% of control flow, a critical @entity850 by prevention of any reactive @entity450 flow to a 15-s occlusion. Heart rate was increased stepwise from control to 160 and 200 beats/min by left atrial pacing. In intermediate @entity850 , increased pacing rate reduced peripheral coronary pressure distal to the @entity850 from 77 +/- 3 to 73 +/- 4 to 65 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) and increased @entity850 resistance from 0.30 +/- 0.05 to 0.34 +/- 0.05 to 0.35 +/- 0.05 resistance units (p less than 0.05). In critical @entity850 , increased heart rate changed peripheral coronary pressure from 45 +/- 5 to 49 +/- 5 to 48 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and reduced stenotic resistance from 1.24 +/- 0.19 to 1.08 +/- 0.18 to 1.15 +/- 0.19 resistance units (p less than 0.005). A significant correlation between changes in stenotic resistance and peripheral coronary pressure was obtained (r = -0.71, p less than 0.001). In maximally dilated coronary arteries, a circumferential @entity850 decreased circumflex artery flow to 50%. Increased pacing rate up to nearly 200 beats/min raised peripheral coronary pressure distal to the @entity850 from 51 +/- 4 to 56 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) and changed stenotic resistance from 0.41 +/- 0.13 to 0.30 +/- 0.06 to 0.33 +/- 0.10 resistance units (p less than 0.05). It is assumed that the changes in peripheral coronary pressure alter the luminal area of the @entity850 and hence calculated stenotic resistance. Other possible mechanisms like turbulent streaming, vasomotion or @entity1423 appear to be of minor importance in the present experimental conditions.

title: Effects of heart rate on hemodynamic severity of XXXX in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: In 14 open-chest mongrel @entity235 , the effects of heart rate on hemodynamic severity of proximal @entity3979 were studied. @entity850 was produced by a circumferential wire snare on left circumflex coronary artery. An intermediate @entity850 was defined by reduction of peak reactive @entity450 response to 200% of control flow, a critical @entity850 by prevention of any reactive @entity450 flow to a 15-s occlusion. Heart rate was increased stepwise from control to 160 and 200 beats/min by left atrial pacing. In intermediate @entity850 , increased pacing rate reduced peripheral coronary pressure distal to the @entity850 from 77 +/- 3 to 73 +/- 4 to 65 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) and increased @entity850 resistance from 0.30 +/- 0.05 to 0.34 +/- 0.05 to 0.35 +/- 0.05 resistance units (p less than 0.05). In critical @entity850 , increased heart rate changed peripheral coronary pressure from 45 +/- 5 to 49 +/- 5 to 48 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) and reduced stenotic resistance from 1.24 +/- 0.19 to 1.08 +/- 0.18 to 1.15 +/- 0.19 resistance units (p less than 0.005). A significant correlation between changes in stenotic resistance and peripheral coronary pressure was obtained (r = -0.71, p less than 0.001). In maximally dilated coronary arteries, a circumferential @entity850 decreased circumflex artery flow to 50%. Increased pacing rate up to nearly 200 beats/min raised peripheral coronary pressure distal to the @entity850 from 51 +/- 4 to 56 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.005) and changed stenotic resistance from 0.41 +/- 0.13 to 0.30 +/- 0.06 to 0.33 +/- 0.10 resistance units (p less than 0.05). It is assumed that the changes in peripheral coronary pressure alter the luminal area of the @entity850 and hence calculated stenotic resistance. Other possible mechanisms like turbulent streaming, vasomotion or @entity1423 appear to be of minor importance in the present experimental conditions.

title: Effects of heart rate on hemodynamic severity of @entity3979 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report visual, refractive, and topographic outcomes of sequential, same-day small-incision lenticule extraction and intrastromal corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) in eyes with mild @entity9042 . SETTING: Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico. DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. METHODS: Fifteen eyes with forme fruste @entity9042 and/or irregular corneas, corrected distance visual acuity 20/40 or better, stable refraction of at least 1 year, age 18 years or older, and residual corneal thickness of greater tan 400  m before performing collagen crosslinking were studied. @entity1 were treated with small-incision lenticule extraction followed by intrastromal injection of @entity8728 inside the pocket. Ultraviolet A light with a wavelength of 370 nm to 3 mW/cm(2) was applied for 30 minutes. Follow-up was done at 1 day, at 1 week, and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 were included in the study. The mean age was 29.5 years    5.5 (SD) (range 20 to 36 years). Twenty-four months of follow-up were completed in 13 eyes, and 12 months were completed in 2 eyes. Preoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from 1.6    0.3 LogMAR (Snellen 20/796) to postoperative 0.12    0.20 LogMAR (Snellen 20/26) and was statistically significant (P < .001). Best-corrected distance visual acuity did not change significantly (P = .186), from 0.006    0.02 LogMAR (Snellen 20/20) preoperatively to 0.04    0.05 LogMAR (Snellen 20/21) postoperatively, and spherical equivalent improved from -4.3    1.02 preoperatively to 0.2    0.66 (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Although further follow-up and larger samples are needed to fully confirm these findings, the results suggest that combined small-incision lenticule extraction and intrastromal corneal collagen crosslinking are a promising treatment option for @entity1 for whom conventional laser refractive surgery is contraindicated. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Drs. Ramirez-Miranda and Navas are consultants to Carl Zeiss Meditec. No other author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Combined small-incision lenticule extraction and intrastromal corneal collagen crosslinking to  treat mild XXXX : Long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: Decline in bone formation is a major contributing factor to the loss of bone mass associated with aging. We previously showed that the genetic ablation of the tissue-restricted and multifunctional @entity141 /calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 ( @entity71584 ) stimulates trabecular bone mass accrual, mainly by promoting anabolic pathways and inhibiting catabolic pathways of bone remodeling. In this study, we investigated whether inhibition of this kinase using its selective cell-permeable inhibitor @entity18707 will stimulate bone formation in 32 week old male @entity7097 @entity19 and reverse age-associated of decline in bone volume and strength. Tri-weekly intraperitoneal injections of saline or @entity18707 (10  M) were performed for six weeks followed by metabolic labeling with @entity5384 and @entity622 red. New bone formation was assessed by dynamic histomorphometry whereas micro-computed tomography was employed to measure trabecular bone volume, microarchitecture and femoral mid-shaft geometry. Cortical and trabecular bone biomechanical properties were assessed using three-point bending and punch compression methods respectively. Our results reveal that as they progress from 12 to 32 weeks of age, @entity7097 @entity19 sustain a significant decline in trabecular bone volume, microarchitecture and strength as well as cortical bone strength. However, treatment of the 32 week old @entity7097 @entity19 with @entity18707 stimulated apposition of new bone and completely reversed the age-associated decrease in bone volume, quality, as well as trabecular and cortical bone strength. We also observed that regardless of age, male @entity71584 (-/-) @entity19 possessed significantly elevated trabecular bone volume, microarchitecture and compressive strength as well as cortical bone strength compared to age-matched @entity7097 @entity19 , implying that the chronic loss of this kinase attenuates age-associated decline in bone mass. Further, whereas @entity18707 treatment and/or the absence of @entity71584 significantly enhanced the femoral mid-shaft geometry, the mid-shaft cortical wall thickness and material bending stress remained similar among the cohorts, implying that regardless of treatment, the material properties of the bone remain similar. Thus, our cumulative results provide evidence for the pharmacological inhibition of @entity71584 as a bone anabolic strategy in combating age-associated @entity170 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX reverses age-associated decline in bone mass.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin']

answer: @entity71584 :: (207565(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CaMKK2']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of a total endoscopic technique for selective neck dissection in @entity5 and to compare the technique with conventional open technique with a long cervical scar. METHODS: We included @entity1 with early intraorally resectable @entity957 and excluded @entity1 whose @entity75 required reconstruction with microvascular flaps. We compared the following intraoperative parameters: cumulative length of the incision(s), duration of surgery, estimated @entity190 , and intraoperative complications. The postoperative parameters included hospital stay, shoulder function, duration of analgesic use, and early @entity260 . We used Shoulder @entity158 And Disability Index scores to assess shoulder function and assessed the oncologic outcome histopathologically by the number of nodes dissected. RESULTS: The mean operative time for minimally invasive supraomohyoid neck dissection (MISOND) was 53.7      29.8  min, which was significantly longer than 39.4      5.0  min for the open technique. The estimated @entity190 in the MISOND group was significantly lower compared with the open technique (p  <  0.001), and there were no major intraoperative complications in either group. Postoperative recovery assessed by hospital stay and time to resume routine work was slightly shorter in the MISOND group but not statistically significant. There were no reported early @entity260 such as @entity548 , wound dehiscence, or chyle leakage in either group. The mean Shoulder @entity158 And Disability Index score assessed 2  weeks postoperatively for the MISOND group was 14.35      0.71  %, which was significantly better than 44.14      1.18  % for the open technique (p  <  0.001). The number of nodes dissected showed no significant difference between groups. CONCLUSIONS: MISOND is a feasible and safe procedure with immediate oncologic outcomes comparable with those of conventional open SOND and provides better cosmetic and functional outcomes.

title: Minimally invasive supraomohyoid neck dissection by total endoscopic technique for oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancers']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) is considered a rare cause of @entity64 partly because it is not detected if the platelet count is not elevated. However, early detection of @entity4407 is important because @entity715 can recur frequently, unless adequately treated. METHODS: We retrospectively collected data from 10 @entity64 cases with @entity4407 . Clinical characteristics, location of @entity64 , laboratory data (platelet and leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation), and treatment were reviewed. RESULTS: The population consisted of 7 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 aged 18-83  years. Most @entity1 had @entity731 risk factors. Half of the @entity1 had a history of @entity385 . In 8 @entity1 , @entity385 was the first manifestation of @entity4407 . Of 13 acute cerebrovascular events, 4 were transient @entity63 attacks and 9 were @entity385 . Three @entity1 presented with @entity1188 without large @entity2791 . Two @entity1 had @entity731 stenosis of the large artery and experienced @entity1188 . The mean platelet count was 966      383  *  10(9)/L. @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation was found in 5 of 7 @entity1 . Despite treatment with combined antiplatelet and cytoreductive therapy in all @entity1 , 3 experienced recurrent @entity385 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity4407 is an adjunctive risk factor for @entity64 and the @entity1 with @entity4407 are subject to @entity1188 even in the absence of large @entity2791 . Early diagnosis of @entity4407 and strict management of vascular risk factors may help prevent additional cerebrovascular events.

title: XXXX with @entity4407 : A Case Series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['watershed-type infarcts', 'atherothrombotic infarction']

entities_list: @entity4407 :: ('MESH:D013920', 'Disease') :: ['Essential thrombocythemia', 'ET']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarctions']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4407 ( @entity4407 ) is considered a rare cause of @entity64 partly because it is not detected if the platelet count is not elevated. However, early detection of @entity4407 is important because @entity715 can recur frequently, unless adequately treated. METHODS: We retrospectively collected data from 10 @entity64 cases with @entity4407 . Clinical characteristics, location of @entity64 , laboratory data (platelet and leukocyte count, hemoglobin, and @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation), and treatment were reviewed. RESULTS: The population consisted of 7 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 aged 18-83  years. Most @entity1 had @entity731 risk factors. Half of the @entity1 had a history of @entity385 . In 8 @entity1 , @entity385 was the first manifestation of @entity4407 . Of 13 acute cerebrovascular events, 4 were transient @entity63 attacks and 9 were @entity385 . Three @entity1 presented with @entity1188 without large @entity2791 . Two @entity1 had @entity731 stenosis of the large artery and experienced @entity1188 . The mean platelet count was 966      383  *  10(9)/L. @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation was found in 5 of 7 @entity1 . Despite treatment with combined antiplatelet and cytoreductive therapy in all @entity1 , 3 experienced recurrent @entity385 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity4407 is an adjunctive risk factor for @entity64 and the @entity1 with @entity4407 are subject to @entity1188 even in the absence of large @entity2791 . Early diagnosis of @entity4407 and strict management of vascular risk factors may help prevent additional cerebrovascular events.

title: @entity385 with XXXX : A Case Series.

answer: @entity4407 :: (MESH:D013920,Disease) :: ['Essential Thrombocythemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity470 activating mutations have been recognized as the most important predictor of response to @entity470 - @entity669 kinase inhibitors ( @entity470 -TKIs). However, 20-30% of @entity1 harboring @entity470 activating mutations show a poor response requiring investigation for underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Characteristics of 541 @entity1 with @entity2 harboring @entity470 activating mutations were analyzed to determine contributing factors that could differentiate responders and non-responders. In addition, previously suggested moleculo-pathologic factors of resistance such as IkB, @entity2856 , @entity983 , MET, @entity14029 and BIM were evaluated in @entity1 exhibiting primary resistance who had sufficient biopsied tissues available for analyses. RESULTS: Responders to @entity470 -TKIs had a higher incidence of deletion mutations and more frequent presence of @entity470 amplifications than non-responders. The median OS was 21 months (95% CI 26.1-30.4) in responders compared to 8 months (95% CI 8.7-15.8) in non-responders (p<0.001). In analyses of @entity1 with primary resistance, we found that 27.3% (6/22) of them exhibited decreased expression of IkB, and 9.1% (2/22) of @entity1 showed increased expression of @entity2856 . Loss of @entity983 was noted in 54.5%, and BIM polymorphism was found in 19% of @entity1 . No @entity1 had MET amplification, while expression of @entity14029 was detected in 5 @entity1 . Two @entity1 had simultaneous @entity9513 @entity470 or @entity10160 mutation alongside @entity470 activating mutation. Most of @entity1 exhibited @entity156 of these factors. The overall survival was worse in the group with multiple resistant factors. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that mechanisms of primary resistance may be more complex than those underlying acquired resistance, with several factors concomitantly contributing to primary resistance.

title: Multiple resistant factors in XXXX with primary resistance to @entity470 -TK inhibitors confer poor survival.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity470 activating mutations have been recognized as the most important predictor of response to @entity470 - @entity669 kinase inhibitors ( @entity470 -TKIs). However, 20-30% of @entity1 harboring @entity470 activating mutations show a poor response requiring investigation for underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Characteristics of 541 @entity1 with @entity2 harboring @entity470 activating mutations were analyzed to determine contributing factors that could differentiate responders and non-responders. In addition, previously suggested moleculo-pathologic factors of resistance such as IkB, @entity2856 , @entity983 , MET, @entity14029 and BIM were evaluated in @entity1 exhibiting primary resistance who had sufficient biopsied tissues available for analyses. RESULTS: Responders to @entity470 -TKIs had a higher incidence of deletion mutations and more frequent presence of @entity470 amplifications than non-responders. The median OS was 21 months (95% CI 26.1-30.4) in responders compared to 8 months (95% CI 8.7-15.8) in non-responders (p<0.001). In analyses of @entity1 with primary resistance, we found that 27.3% (6/22) of them exhibited decreased expression of IkB, and 9.1% (2/22) of @entity1 showed increased expression of @entity2856 . Loss of @entity983 was noted in 54.5%, and BIM polymorphism was found in 19% of @entity1 . No @entity1 had MET amplification, while expression of @entity14029 was detected in 5 @entity1 . Two @entity1 had simultaneous @entity9513 @entity470 or @entity10160 mutation alongside @entity470 activating mutation. Most of @entity1 exhibited @entity156 of these factors. The overall survival was worse in the group with multiple resistant factors. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that mechanisms of primary resistance may be more complex than those underlying acquired resistance, with several factors concomitantly contributing to primary resistance.

title: Multiple resistant factors in @entity2 with primary resistance to XXXX -TK inhibitors confer poor survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The vertebrate heart consists of three cell layers: the innermost endothelium, the contractile myocardium and the outermost epicardium. The epicardium is vital for heart development and function, and forms from epicardial progenitor cells (EPCs), which migrate to the myocardium during early development. Disruptions in EPC migration and epicardium formation result in a number of @entity299 , many of which resemble @entity299 in @entity1 . Hence, it is important to understand the mechanisms that influence EPC migration and spreading in the developing heart. In vitro approaches heretofore have been limited to monolayer epicardial cell cultures, which may not fully capture the complex interactions that can occur between epicardial and myocardial cells in vivo. RESULTS: Here we describe a novel in vitro co-culture assay for assessing epicardial cell migration using embryonic @entity3392 hearts. We isolated donor hearts from embryonic @entity3392 carrying an epicardial-specific fluorescent reporter after epicardial cells were present on the heart. These were co-cultured with recipient hearts expressing a myocardial-specific fluorescent reporter, isolated prior to EPC migration. Using this method, we can clearly visualize the movement of epicardial cells from the donor heart onto the myocardium of the recipient heart. We demonstrate the utility of this method by showing that epicardial cell migration is significantly delayed or absent when myocardial cells lack contractility and when myocardial cells are deficient in @entity64650 expression. CONCLUSIONS: We present a method to assess the migration of epicardial cells in an in vitro assay, wherein the migration of epicardial cells from a donor heart onto the myocardium of a recipient heart in co-culture is monitored and scored. The donor and recipient hearts can be independently manipulated, using either genetic tools or pharmacological agents. This allows flexibility in experimental design for determining the role that target genes/signaling pathways in specific cell types may have on epicardial cell migration.

title: A co-culture assay of embryonic XXXX hearts to assess migration of epicardial cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart diseases', 'cardiac malformations']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Immunosenescence (deteriorating immune function at old age) affects @entity1 and laboratory animals, but little is known about immunosenescence in natural populations despite its potential importance for population and disease dynamics and individual @entity410 . Although life histories and immune system profiles often differ between the sexes, sex-specific effects of aging on health are rarely studied in the wild. Life history theory predicts that due to their shorter lifespan and higher investment into reproduction at the expense of immune defences, males might experience accelerated immunosenescence. We tested this hypothesis by examining sex-specific age trajectories of endoparasite burden (helminth prevalence and morphotype @entity3794 measured via fecal egg counts), an indicator of overall health, in wild gray @entity19 lemurs (Microcebus murinus). To account for potential interactions between seasonality and host sex or age we examined the predictors of parasite burdens separately for the dry and rainy season. RESULTS: Contrary to the prediction of immunosenescence, parasite prevalence and morphotype @entity3794 decreased at old age in the dry season, indicating acquired immunity by older animals. This pattern was primarily caused by within-individual decline in parasite loads rather than the earlier mortality of highly parasitized individuals. With the exception of an increasing cestode prevalence in males from yearlings to prime age in the rainy season, no evidence was found of male-biased ageing in parasite resistance. Besides this sex*age interaction, host age was uncorrelated with rainy season parasite loads. Seasonality did not affect the overall parasite loads but seasonal patterns were found in the predictors of parasite prevalence and morphotype @entity3794 . CONCLUSIONS: These results provide rare information about the age-related patterns of health in a wild vertebrate population and suggest improvement rather than senescence in the @entity281 at old age. Overall, males appear not to suffer from earlier immunosenescence relative to females. This may partially reflect the earlier mortality of males, which can render senescence difficult to detect. @entity281 are not strongly associated with survival in wild gray @entity19 lemurs, parasite load may, however, reflect overall good phenotypic quality of long-lived individuals, and is a potential correlate of @entity410 .

title: Host sex and age influence endoparasite burdens in the gray XXXX lemur.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['ability to resist helminth infections', 'While helminth infections']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']