abstract: Although genes play a major role in the etiology of @entity161 , no major genes involved in this disease have been identified. However, several genes with small effect have been reported, though inconsistently, to increase the risk for @entity161 . Recently, the @entity7601 2 allele ( @entity46076 polymorphism) was reported to be over-represented in @entity1 with @entity161 . Other reports have found an excess of allele 2(C) only in @entity161 @entity1 who are resistant to @entity1088 , not in those who respond to @entity1088 . In this study, the @entity7601 allele 2 frequencies were compared between 2 groups of @entity1 with @entity161 (39 responders and 63 nonresponders) based on long-term outcome and response to typical neuroleptics. A control group of 90 healthy volunteers screened for @entity146 was also included. Genotype 2/2 tended to be more frequent in @entity1 with @entity161 with poor long-term outcome and poor response to typical neuroleptics (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.09). This difference was significant in @entity1 (Bonferroni corrected p = 0.054) but not in @entity1 . In addition, the age at first contact with @entity146 care was significantly younger in the @entity1 with @entity161 with genotype 2/2 than in @entity1 with genotype 1/1. These result suggest that the @entity7601 gene may play a role in a subset of @entity161 characterized by poor long-term outcome and poor response to neuroleptics.

title: @entity46076 polymorphism in the XXXX gene and @entity161 : relation to phenotype and drug response variability.

answer: @entity7601 :: (3356,Gene) :: ['5HT2A']


abstract: Of 218 @entity1 with @entity101 , who responded to monotherapy with @entity3159 (Minipress) during the first 3 months, 178 @entity1 completed the 12-month treatment according to the study protocol. In 9 @entity1 (4.1%) treatment was discontinued because of increase of blood pressure and/or side effects. In the remaining cases @entity1 did not apply for the control examination or the obtained records were incomplete. During all periods of treatment the mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower than the corresponding initial values. No significant symptoms of drug tolerance were observed. Mean daily dose of Minipress after 12 months was 5.9 in comparison with 5.6 mg after 3-month therapy. Normal systolic and diastolic pressures at the end of treatment were found in 114 (64%) and 153 (86%) @entity1 , respectively. Full normalization of blood pressure (less than or equal to 140/90) was achieved in 105 (59%) @entity1 . It was found that an important factor determining the antihypertensive effectiveness of Minipress is the initial blood pressure. The inverse correlation between the decrease of systolic pressure and age was found, whereas the age did not affect requiring the drug withdrawal occurred in 27 (14.4%) @entity1 ; they were usually the efficacy of Minipress in relation to diastolic blood pressure. Side effects not of moderate intensity and transient character.

title: [Minipress in the treatment of XXXX in light of results from a multicenter study. II. Results of long-term monotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['arterial hypertension']


abstract: @entity1 apical @entity1372 -dependent @entity6741 transporter ( @entity21514 ) is a potential prodrug target under study. Development of prodrugs that target @entity21514 may yield compounds with low solubility and/or susceptibility to hydrolysis. A transport uptake method is needed that increases compound solubility and avoids @entity6674 for cell lysis during postexperimental cell sample preparation. The overall goal was to develop an assay method to screen for @entity21514 uptake of novel compounds. The first objective was to determine the maximum cosolvent concentrations that are compatible with an @entity21514 active transport assay. The second objective was to develop a @entity6674 -free cell lysis method to process cell samples from these uptake studies. The following cosolvents were studied: @entity9105 ( @entity9106 ), @entity6442 ( @entity9104 ), @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), @entity1068 , @entity1042 , @entity968 , @entity2771 , and @entity6246 . Initial studies included @entity7362 flux studies across @entity21514 -Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney monolayers using up to 10% cosolvent, as well as @entity137 studies. The effect of selected cosolvent concentrations on the @entity21514 Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters was evaluated. Additionally, two @entity1626 -based cell lysis methods that do not use @entity6674 were evaluated in terms of percent sample recovery and @entity21514 kinetic parameters. Results showed that the maximum permissible cosolvent concentrations for @entity21514 uptake studies, without compromising assay results or causing @entity137 , are 1% @entity9106 , 1% @entity9104 , 2.5% @entity3733 , 2.5% @entity1042 , and 2.5% @entity1068 . Additionally, both @entity6674 -free, @entity1626 -based cell lysis methods provided similar recovery and @entity21514 results, compared to @entity6674 method. Hence, an assay method was developed to screen for active transport, allowing for cosolvents that can solubilize compounds and avoid @entity6674 sample treatment, which can otherwise degrade compound.

title: Method to screen substrates of apical XXXX -dependent @entity6741 transporter.

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity9105 :: ('MESH:C013959', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylacetamide']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity6442 :: ('MESH:D004126', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylformamide']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol-400']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: @entity1 apical @entity1372 -dependent @entity6741 transporter ( @entity21514 ) is a potential prodrug target under study. Development of prodrugs that target @entity21514 may yield compounds with low solubility and/or susceptibility to hydrolysis. A transport uptake method is needed that increases compound solubility and avoids @entity6674 for cell lysis during postexperimental cell sample preparation. The overall goal was to develop an assay method to screen for @entity21514 uptake of novel compounds. The first objective was to determine the maximum cosolvent concentrations that are compatible with an @entity21514 active transport assay. The second objective was to develop a @entity6674 -free cell lysis method to process cell samples from these uptake studies. The following cosolvents were studied: @entity9105 ( @entity9106 ), @entity6442 ( @entity9104 ), @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), @entity1068 , @entity1042 , @entity968 , @entity2771 , and @entity6246 . Initial studies included @entity7362 flux studies across @entity21514 -Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney monolayers using up to 10% cosolvent, as well as @entity137 studies. The effect of selected cosolvent concentrations on the @entity21514 Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters was evaluated. Additionally, two @entity1626 -based cell lysis methods that do not use @entity6674 were evaluated in terms of percent sample recovery and @entity21514 kinetic parameters. Results showed that the maximum permissible cosolvent concentrations for @entity21514 uptake studies, without compromising assay results or causing @entity137 , are 1% @entity9106 , 1% @entity9104 , 2.5% @entity3733 , 2.5% @entity1042 , and 2.5% @entity1068 . Additionally, both @entity6674 -free, @entity1626 -based cell lysis methods provided similar recovery and @entity21514 results, compared to @entity6674 method. Hence, an assay method was developed to screen for active transport, allowing for cosolvents that can solubilize compounds and avoid @entity6674 sample treatment, which can otherwise degrade compound.

title: Method to screen substrates of apical @entity1372 -dependent XXXX transporter.

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) is a severe @entity17 defined principally by its tendency to selectively affect optic nerves and the spinal cord causing recurrent attacks of @entity1939 and @entity912 . Contemporary diagnostic criteria require absence of clinical disease outside the optic nerve or spinal cord. We have, however, frequently encountered @entity1 with a well-established diagnosis of @entity1652 in whom either asymptomatic or symptomatic @entity75 develop suggesting that the diagnostic criteria for @entity1652 should be revised. OBJECTIVE: To describe the magnetic resonance image (MRI) brain findings in @entity1652 . DESIGN: Observational, retrospective case series. @entity1 We ascertained @entity1 through a clinical biospecimens database of individuals with definite or suspected @entity1652 . We included @entity1 who (1) satisfied the 1999 criteria of Wingerchuk et al for @entity1652 except for the absolute criterion of lacking symptoms beyond the optic nerve and spinal cord and the supportive criterion of having a normal brain MRI at onset; (2) had MRI evidence of a spinal cord lesion extending 3 vertebral segments or more (the most specific nonserological feature to differentiate @entity1652 from MS); and (3) were evaluated neurologically and by brain MRI at the Mayo Clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Magnetic resonance images were classified as normal or as abnormal with either nonspecific, @entity15 -like or @entity854 . We evaluated whether @entity75 were symptomatic and analyzed the neuropathologic features of a single brain biopsy specimen. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 (53 @entity1 [88%]) fulfilled these inclusion criteria. The mean +/- SD age at onset was 37.2 +/- 18.4 years and the mean +/- SD duration of follow-up was 6.0 +/- 5.6 years. @entity1652 -IgG was detected in 41 @entity1 (68%). @entity75 were detected in 36 @entity1 (60%). Most were nonspecific, but 6 @entity1 (10%) had @entity12280 , usually asymptomatic. Another 5 @entity1 (8%), mostly @entity1 , had diencephalic, brainstem or @entity75 , atypical for @entity15 . When present, symptoms of brain involvement were subtle, except in 1 @entity1 who was @entity772 and had large @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic @entity75 are common in @entity1652 , and symptomatic @entity75 do not exclude the diagnosis of @entity1652 . These observations justify revision of diagnostic criteria for @entity1652 to allow for brain involvement.

title: @entity75 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromyelitis optica', 'NMO']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain MRI lesions', 'cerebral lesions', 'brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity12280 :: ('MESH:C566813', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis-like lesions']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['atypical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['neuromyelitis optica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) is a severe @entity17 defined principally by its tendency to selectively affect optic nerves and the spinal cord causing recurrent attacks of @entity1939 and @entity912 . Contemporary diagnostic criteria require absence of clinical disease outside the optic nerve or spinal cord. We have, however, frequently encountered @entity1 with a well-established diagnosis of @entity1652 in whom either asymptomatic or symptomatic @entity75 develop suggesting that the diagnostic criteria for @entity1652 should be revised. OBJECTIVE: To describe the magnetic resonance image (MRI) brain findings in @entity1652 . DESIGN: Observational, retrospective case series. @entity1 We ascertained @entity1 through a clinical biospecimens database of individuals with definite or suspected @entity1652 . We included @entity1 who (1) satisfied the 1999 criteria of Wingerchuk et al for @entity1652 except for the absolute criterion of lacking symptoms beyond the optic nerve and spinal cord and the supportive criterion of having a normal brain MRI at onset; (2) had MRI evidence of a spinal cord lesion extending 3 vertebral segments or more (the most specific nonserological feature to differentiate @entity1652 from MS); and (3) were evaluated neurologically and by brain MRI at the Mayo Clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Magnetic resonance images were classified as normal or as abnormal with either nonspecific, @entity15 -like or @entity854 . We evaluated whether @entity75 were symptomatic and analyzed the neuropathologic features of a single brain biopsy specimen. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 (53 @entity1 [88%]) fulfilled these inclusion criteria. The mean +/- SD age at onset was 37.2 +/- 18.4 years and the mean +/- SD duration of follow-up was 6.0 +/- 5.6 years. @entity1652 -IgG was detected in 41 @entity1 (68%). @entity75 were detected in 36 @entity1 (60%). Most were nonspecific, but 6 @entity1 (10%) had @entity12280 , usually asymptomatic. Another 5 @entity1 (8%), mostly @entity1 , had diencephalic, brainstem or @entity75 , atypical for @entity15 . When present, symptoms of brain involvement were subtle, except in 1 @entity1 who was @entity772 and had large @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic @entity75 are common in @entity1652 , and symptomatic @entity75 do not exclude the diagnosis of @entity1652 . These observations justify revision of diagnostic criteria for @entity1652 to allow for brain involvement.

title: XXXX in @entity1652 .

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Brain abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience in @entity2694 in the treatment of @entity5150 . METHOD: The clinical data of 35 @entity1 with @entity5150 diagnosed by CT and MRI, 26 males and 9 females; aged 13 (1 - 54), with the main clinical presentations of @entity227 and ex-ophthalmo and with the courses from 1 to 36 months, who underwent operation via the @entity2694 36 times, were analyzed. The diagnosis was confirmed by pathology after operation in 35 cases. Follow-up was conducted for 3 months to 8 years. RESULTS: Total resection was achieved in 29 cases, and subtotal resection in 6 cases. The surgical complications included @entity5254 (2 cases) and @entity231 (1 cases), and no @entity1319 was found. The follow-up rate was 77.1% (27/35). Three cases suffered from recurrence, spinal @entity3 was found in 1 case, and 1 case died. CONCLUSION: resection of @entity5150 via @entity2694 is effective. However, since @entity41 may remain in the optic nerve canal, post-operative radiation therapy is recommended.

title: [Cranial-orbital approach in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual defection']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['cranial-orbital approach']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['temporary cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity5150 :: ('MESH:D020339', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve glioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['ocular movement dysfunction']

answer: @entity5150 :: (MESH:D020339,Disease) :: ['optic nerve glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A paradoxical increase in the uncorrected QT interval during infusion of low-dose @entity1425 appears pathognomonic for @entity26320 ( @entity9677 ). We sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of this response among @entity1 referred for clinical evaluation of @entity1162 (LQTS). METHODS AND RESULTS: From 1999 to 2002, 147 genotyped @entity1 (125 untreated and 22 undergoing beta-blocker therapy) had an @entity1425 QT stress test that involved a 25-minute infusion protocol (0.025 to 0.3 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)). A 12-lead ECG was monitored continuously, and repolarization parameters were measured. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the @entity1162 (defined as a > or =30-ms increase in QT during infusion of < or =0.1 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) @entity1425 ) was determined. The 125 untreated @entity1 (44 genotype negative, 40 @entity9677 , 30 @entity9678 , and 11 @entity1788 ) constituted the primary analysis. The median baseline corrected QT intervals (QTc) were 444 ms (gene negative), 456 ms ( @entity9677 ), 486 ms ( @entity9678 ), and 473 ms ( @entity1788 ). The median change in QT interval during low-dose @entity1425 infusion was -23 ms in the gene-negative group, 78 ms in @entity9677 , -4 ms in @entity9678 , and -58 ms in @entity1788 . The @entity1162 was observed in 37 (92%) of 40 @entity1 with @entity9677 compared with 18% (gene-negative), 13% ( @entity9678 ), and 0% ( @entity1788 ; P<0.0001) of the remaining @entity1 . Overall, the @entity1162 had a sensitivity of 92.5%, specificity of 86%, positive predictive value of 76%, and negative predictive value of 96% for @entity9677 status. Secondary analysis of the subset undergoing beta-blocker therapy indicated inferior diagnostic utility in this setting. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1425 QT stress test can unmask concealed type 1 LQTS with a high level of accuracy.

title: XXXX QT stress testing in the evaluation of @entity1162 : diagnostic accuracy of the @entity1162 .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical QT response', 'congenital long-QT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26320 :: ('MESH:D029597', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 long-QT syndrome']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['Epinephrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A paradoxical increase in the uncorrected QT interval during infusion of low-dose @entity1425 appears pathognomonic for @entity26320 ( @entity9677 ). We sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of this response among @entity1 referred for clinical evaluation of @entity1162 (LQTS). METHODS AND RESULTS: From 1999 to 2002, 147 genotyped @entity1 (125 untreated and 22 undergoing beta-blocker therapy) had an @entity1425 QT stress test that involved a 25-minute infusion protocol (0.025 to 0.3 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)). A 12-lead ECG was monitored continuously, and repolarization parameters were measured. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the @entity1162 (defined as a > or =30-ms increase in QT during infusion of < or =0.1 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) @entity1425 ) was determined. The 125 untreated @entity1 (44 genotype negative, 40 @entity9677 , 30 @entity9678 , and 11 @entity1788 ) constituted the primary analysis. The median baseline corrected QT intervals (QTc) were 444 ms (gene negative), 456 ms ( @entity9677 ), 486 ms ( @entity9678 ), and 473 ms ( @entity1788 ). The median change in QT interval during low-dose @entity1425 infusion was -23 ms in the gene-negative group, 78 ms in @entity9677 , -4 ms in @entity9678 , and -58 ms in @entity1788 . The @entity1162 was observed in 37 (92%) of 40 @entity1 with @entity9677 compared with 18% (gene-negative), 13% ( @entity9678 ), and 0% ( @entity1788 ; P<0.0001) of the remaining @entity1 . Overall, the @entity1162 had a sensitivity of 92.5%, specificity of 86%, positive predictive value of 76%, and negative predictive value of 96% for @entity9677 status. Secondary analysis of the subset undergoing beta-blocker therapy indicated inferior diagnostic utility in this setting. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1425 QT stress test can unmask concealed type 1 LQTS with a high level of accuracy.

title: @entity1425 QT stress testing in the evaluation of XXXX : diagnostic accuracy of the @entity1162 .

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['congenital long-QT syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A paradoxical increase in the uncorrected QT interval during infusion of low-dose @entity1425 appears pathognomonic for @entity26320 ( @entity9677 ). We sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of this response among @entity1 referred for clinical evaluation of @entity1162 (LQTS). METHODS AND RESULTS: From 1999 to 2002, 147 genotyped @entity1 (125 untreated and 22 undergoing beta-blocker therapy) had an @entity1425 QT stress test that involved a 25-minute infusion protocol (0.025 to 0.3 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)). A 12-lead ECG was monitored continuously, and repolarization parameters were measured. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the @entity1162 (defined as a > or =30-ms increase in QT during infusion of < or =0.1 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) @entity1425 ) was determined. The 125 untreated @entity1 (44 genotype negative, 40 @entity9677 , 30 @entity9678 , and 11 @entity1788 ) constituted the primary analysis. The median baseline corrected QT intervals (QTc) were 444 ms (gene negative), 456 ms ( @entity9677 ), 486 ms ( @entity9678 ), and 473 ms ( @entity1788 ). The median change in QT interval during low-dose @entity1425 infusion was -23 ms in the gene-negative group, 78 ms in @entity9677 , -4 ms in @entity9678 , and -58 ms in @entity1788 . The @entity1162 was observed in 37 (92%) of 40 @entity1 with @entity9677 compared with 18% (gene-negative), 13% ( @entity9678 ), and 0% ( @entity1788 ; P<0.0001) of the remaining @entity1 . Overall, the @entity1162 had a sensitivity of 92.5%, specificity of 86%, positive predictive value of 76%, and negative predictive value of 96% for @entity9677 status. Secondary analysis of the subset undergoing beta-blocker therapy indicated inferior diagnostic utility in this setting. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1425 QT stress test can unmask concealed type 1 LQTS with a high level of accuracy.

title: @entity1425 QT stress testing in the evaluation of @entity1162 : diagnostic accuracy of the XXXX .

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['paradoxical QT response']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We conducted a quality assurance project of The Mobile Emergency Care Unit (MECU) in the Capital Region of Denmark when dispatched to febrile @entity410 . The study focuses on prehospital treatment, comparison between prehospital and in-hospital diagnoses and parents' perceptions of their @entity1 's febrile @entity410 and their satisfaction with the MECU. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The period of investigation was from March 1st 2004 to March 31st 2005. @entity1 with a diagnosis of febrile @entity410 or relevant differential diagnoses were eligible for inclusion. @entity1 were excluded if they had already been included, if their parents had no Danish address or if the questionnaire was not returned after a reminder was sent. RESULTS: In the period of investigation, 333 @entity1 were eligible for inclusion, 290 questionnaires were sent, and 235 were returned, giving a response rate of 81%. The median age was 1 year (range: 0-7 years). In general, parents were satisfied with the MECU. Reasons of dissatisfaction are described. Most @entity1 (76%) were admitted without physician escort. A total of 37 @entity1 (16%) received @entity3175 therapy, of whom 15 (6%) were given intravenous @entity3175 . In 90% of cases, the prehospital and in-hospital diagnosis were identical. CONCLUSION: In general, parents appreciate the service provided by the MECU. Reasons of dissatisfaction are described. On several occasions, the prehospital physician administered intravenous anticonvulsants, but we discuss if the MECU should still be dispatched primarily to febrile @entity410 .

title: [Prehospital management of febrile XXXX by the Mobile Emergency Care Unit in the Capital Region of Denmark].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['convulsions']


abstract: Three cases of @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) in the @entity1494 were encountered during a period of 12 years and bladder preserving treatments were performed. Case 1: A 78-year-old @entity1 was admitted with a chief complaint of @entity811 . @entity5 in the diverticulum of the right bladder wall were revealed ( @entity1606 , G3, T3N0M0). Intraarterial infusion chemotherapy was performed and complete remission was achieved. When a recurrent @entity150 appeared 22 months later, transurethral resection was performed and there was no evidence of recurrence for 50 months. Case 2: A 60-year-old @entity1 was admitted with a chief complaint of gross @entity811 . Cystoscopic examination revealed @entity5 in a @entity1494 near the ureteral left orifice. Transurethral resection revealed @entity189 in situ. Partial cystectomy, including the @entity1494 , and vesicoureteral neostomy was performed. The histological stage of the @entity5 was pTis and the wall of diverticulum possessed a thin muscle layer histopathologically. Twenty two months later, recurrence in the left bladder wall developed and transurethral resection and bladder instillation therapy were performed. For 21 months he had no evidence of recurrence. Case 3: A 59-year-old @entity1 was admitted with a chief complaint of @entity811 . A solid @entity5 in the diverticulum of the bladder left wall was revealed. After 4 courses of intraarterial infusion chemotherapy, 41% remission was achieved and partial cystectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was @entity1606 G3, pT3b, @entity13089 , v (-), ly (-), and no muscle layer was found in the diverticulum. There was no evidence of recurrence 16 months after operation. By using the combination therapy, bladder preserving treatment is possible in the cases of @entity150 arising in the diverticulum.

title: [Three cases of XXXX in @entity1494 treated by a bladder-preserving approach].

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder diverticulum', 'urinary bladder diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Papillary tumors', 'papillary tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['TCC G2 and carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: Three cases of @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) in the @entity1494 were encountered during a period of 12 years and bladder preserving treatments were performed. Case 1: A 78-year-old @entity1 was admitted with a chief complaint of @entity811 . @entity5 in the diverticulum of the right bladder wall were revealed ( @entity1606 , G3, T3N0M0). Intraarterial infusion chemotherapy was performed and complete remission was achieved. When a recurrent @entity150 appeared 22 months later, transurethral resection was performed and there was no evidence of recurrence for 50 months. Case 2: A 60-year-old @entity1 was admitted with a chief complaint of gross @entity811 . Cystoscopic examination revealed @entity5 in a @entity1494 near the ureteral left orifice. Transurethral resection revealed @entity189 in situ. Partial cystectomy, including the @entity1494 , and vesicoureteral neostomy was performed. The histological stage of the @entity5 was pTis and the wall of diverticulum possessed a thin muscle layer histopathologically. Twenty two months later, recurrence in the left bladder wall developed and transurethral resection and bladder instillation therapy were performed. For 21 months he had no evidence of recurrence. Case 3: A 59-year-old @entity1 was admitted with a chief complaint of @entity811 . A solid @entity5 in the diverticulum of the bladder left wall was revealed. After 4 courses of intraarterial infusion chemotherapy, 41% remission was achieved and partial cystectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was @entity1606 G3, pT3b, @entity13089 , v (-), ly (-), and no muscle layer was found in the diverticulum. There was no evidence of recurrence 16 months after operation. By using the combination therapy, bladder preserving treatment is possible in the cases of @entity150 arising in the diverticulum.

title: [Three cases of @entity1606 in XXXX treated by a bladder-preserving approach].

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder diverticulum']


abstract: While realizing the difficulties with the various methods used to study hormonal control of protein metabolism, there appear to be clear effects of both rapid-acting and slower-acting hormones. Moreover, some of these hormones affect protein metabolism in a dose dependent manner. @entity2690 and @entity442 appear to have differing effects at lower doses, with @entity2690 primarily inhibiting protein degradation and @entity442 stimulating protein synthesis. At higher doses, infusions of @entity2690 and @entity442 both seem to inhibit protein degradation and stimulate protein synthesis. @entity1425 primarily inhibits protein degradation whereas growth hormone primarily increases protein synthesis. Infusion of @entity1522 themselves can also increase protein synthesis. Thyroid hormone excess increases protein synthesis and protein degradation, with the latter effect predominating. Sex @entity230 appear to increase protein synthesis. To date, most interventions studying the metabolic effects of these hormones on protein metabolism have involved varying the concentration of one hormone at a time. In the complex milieu of many pathologic states (e.g. sepsis, @entity177 or even the transition from fasting to feeding) multiple hormones change simultaneously. How interactions among these factors determine the overall response of body and muscle protein remains to be defined.

title: The role of XXXX and other hormones in the regulation of amino acid and protein metabolism in humans.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article reviews recent advances in multimodality monitoring of @entity1 following severe @entity542 during the period of 2004-2005. RECENT FINDINGS: Whilst intracranial pressure measurement remains the cornerstone of neuromonitoring, analysis of the intracranial pressure waveform provides additional information, which may help guide treatment and predict outcome. Non-invasive detection of intracranial @entity101 and assessment of cerebral perfusion pressure and autoregulation is the focus of ongoing research. Although jugular venous saturation monitoring remains a useful method for detecting global hypoperfusion its sensitivity to regional ischaemia is low. Brain tissue @entity26 monitoring overcomes this deficiency and sheds new light on the pathophysiology of @entity1779 following @entity1545 . Further studies are required to define ischaemic thresholds and their association with outcome. Extracellular brain pH has been recently linked to outcome and further studies are required to establish the role of pH regulation. Monitoring of brain metabolism using a cerebral microdialysis continues to develop its niche in clinical neuromonitoring, although it currently remains a research tool. SUMMARY: Multimodality neuromonitoring plays an important role in managing @entity1 with severe @entity542 . It helps guide treatment, provides prognostic information and explores the pathophysiology of evolving @entity1545 .

title: Monitoring of head injured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The high molecular weight @entity320 -associated antigen (HMW-MAA) is an attractive target for immunotherapy of @entity320 . We have recently generated a vaccine based on the HMW-MAA mimotope 225D9.2+ that was able to induce anti-HMW-MAA antibodies with antitumor activity in vitro. Here, we investigated the antitumor activity of these antibodies in a @entity1 @entity320 xenotransplant @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity5 were established by injecting the @entity1 @entity320 518A2 cells into C.B.17 @entity466 / @entity466 @entity19 . In @entity5 prevention experiments, 200 microg purified total IgG antibodies were injected intravenously the same day or on day 5 in therapeutic experiments. Antibody administration was repeated every fourth day and @entity5 volumes were measured. Antibody specificity and @entity5 infiltration by macrophages were investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Within 35 days after cell inoculation, antibody treatment reduced @entity5 growth up to 40% in the therapeutic and up to 62% in the @entity5 prevention experiments compared with the control @entity19 . In @entity5 of all groups, a similar distribution of the HMW-MAA and no differences in infiltration of macrophages were detected by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we showed that antibodies induced by the 225D9.2+ mimotope effectively inhibited @entity320 growth. Additional mechanisms besides antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity like disruption of interactions of @entity320 cells mediated by extracellular matrix components seem to be involved in @entity5 growth inhibition. Based on our findings, we suggest that active immunization with this mimotope might be a promising strategy for treatment of @entity320 .

title: Reduction of XXXX @entity320 growth in @entity466 @entity19 by passive transfer of antibodies induced by a high molecular weight @entity320 -associated antigen mimotope vaccine.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma tumor', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The high molecular weight @entity320 -associated antigen (HMW-MAA) is an attractive target for immunotherapy of @entity320 . We have recently generated a vaccine based on the HMW-MAA mimotope 225D9.2+ that was able to induce anti-HMW-MAA antibodies with antitumor activity in vitro. Here, we investigated the antitumor activity of these antibodies in a @entity1 @entity320 xenotransplant @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity5 were established by injecting the @entity1 @entity320 518A2 cells into C.B.17 @entity466 / @entity466 @entity19 . In @entity5 prevention experiments, 200 microg purified total IgG antibodies were injected intravenously the same day or on day 5 in therapeutic experiments. Antibody administration was repeated every fourth day and @entity5 volumes were measured. Antibody specificity and @entity5 infiltration by macrophages were investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Within 35 days after cell inoculation, antibody treatment reduced @entity5 growth up to 40% in the therapeutic and up to 62% in the @entity5 prevention experiments compared with the control @entity19 . In @entity5 of all groups, a similar distribution of the HMW-MAA and no differences in infiltration of macrophages were detected by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we showed that antibodies induced by the 225D9.2+ mimotope effectively inhibited @entity320 growth. Additional mechanisms besides antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity like disruption of interactions of @entity320 cells mediated by extracellular matrix components seem to be involved in @entity5 growth inhibition. Based on our findings, we suggest that active immunization with this mimotope might be a promising strategy for treatment of @entity320 .

title: Reduction of @entity1 XXXX growth in @entity466 @entity19 by passive transfer of antibodies induced by a high molecular weight @entity320 -associated antigen mimotope vaccine.

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The high molecular weight @entity320 -associated antigen (HMW-MAA) is an attractive target for immunotherapy of @entity320 . We have recently generated a vaccine based on the HMW-MAA mimotope 225D9.2+ that was able to induce anti-HMW-MAA antibodies with antitumor activity in vitro. Here, we investigated the antitumor activity of these antibodies in a @entity1 @entity320 xenotransplant @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity5 were established by injecting the @entity1 @entity320 518A2 cells into C.B.17 @entity466 / @entity466 @entity19 . In @entity5 prevention experiments, 200 microg purified total IgG antibodies were injected intravenously the same day or on day 5 in therapeutic experiments. Antibody administration was repeated every fourth day and @entity5 volumes were measured. Antibody specificity and @entity5 infiltration by macrophages were investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Within 35 days after cell inoculation, antibody treatment reduced @entity5 growth up to 40% in the therapeutic and up to 62% in the @entity5 prevention experiments compared with the control @entity19 . In @entity5 of all groups, a similar distribution of the HMW-MAA and no differences in infiltration of macrophages were detected by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we showed that antibodies induced by the 225D9.2+ mimotope effectively inhibited @entity320 growth. Additional mechanisms besides antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity like disruption of interactions of @entity320 cells mediated by extracellular matrix components seem to be involved in @entity5 growth inhibition. Based on our findings, we suggest that active immunization with this mimotope might be a promising strategy for treatment of @entity320 .

title: Reduction of @entity1 @entity320 growth in @entity466 @entity19 by passive transfer of antibodies induced by a high molecular weight XXXX -associated antigen mimotope vaccine.

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The high molecular weight @entity320 -associated antigen (HMW-MAA) is an attractive target for immunotherapy of @entity320 . We have recently generated a vaccine based on the HMW-MAA mimotope 225D9.2+ that was able to induce anti-HMW-MAA antibodies with antitumor activity in vitro. Here, we investigated the antitumor activity of these antibodies in a @entity1 @entity320 xenotransplant @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity5 were established by injecting the @entity1 @entity320 518A2 cells into C.B.17 @entity466 / @entity466 @entity19 . In @entity5 prevention experiments, 200 microg purified total IgG antibodies were injected intravenously the same day or on day 5 in therapeutic experiments. Antibody administration was repeated every fourth day and @entity5 volumes were measured. Antibody specificity and @entity5 infiltration by macrophages were investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Within 35 days after cell inoculation, antibody treatment reduced @entity5 growth up to 40% in the therapeutic and up to 62% in the @entity5 prevention experiments compared with the control @entity19 . In @entity5 of all groups, a similar distribution of the HMW-MAA and no differences in infiltration of macrophages were detected by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we showed that antibodies induced by the 225D9.2+ mimotope effectively inhibited @entity320 growth. Additional mechanisms besides antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity like disruption of interactions of @entity320 cells mediated by extracellular matrix components seem to be involved in @entity5 growth inhibition. Based on our findings, we suggest that active immunization with this mimotope might be a promising strategy for treatment of @entity320 .

title: Reduction of @entity1 @entity320 growth in XXXX @entity19 by passive transfer of antibodies induced by a high molecular weight @entity320 -associated antigen mimotope vaccine.

answer: @entity466 :: (MESH:D016511,Disease) :: ['severe combined immunodeficient']


abstract: PURPOSE: The high molecular weight @entity320 -associated antigen (HMW-MAA) is an attractive target for immunotherapy of @entity320 . We have recently generated a vaccine based on the HMW-MAA mimotope 225D9.2+ that was able to induce anti-HMW-MAA antibodies with antitumor activity in vitro. Here, we investigated the antitumor activity of these antibodies in a @entity1 @entity320 xenotransplant @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity5 were established by injecting the @entity1 @entity320 518A2 cells into C.B.17 @entity466 / @entity466 @entity19 . In @entity5 prevention experiments, 200 microg purified total IgG antibodies were injected intravenously the same day or on day 5 in therapeutic experiments. Antibody administration was repeated every fourth day and @entity5 volumes were measured. Antibody specificity and @entity5 infiltration by macrophages were investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Within 35 days after cell inoculation, antibody treatment reduced @entity5 growth up to 40% in the therapeutic and up to 62% in the @entity5 prevention experiments compared with the control @entity19 . In @entity5 of all groups, a similar distribution of the HMW-MAA and no differences in infiltration of macrophages were detected by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: Here, we showed that antibodies induced by the 225D9.2+ mimotope effectively inhibited @entity320 growth. Additional mechanisms besides antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity like disruption of interactions of @entity320 cells mediated by extracellular matrix components seem to be involved in @entity5 growth inhibition. Based on our findings, we suggest that active immunization with this mimotope might be a promising strategy for treatment of @entity320 .

title: Reduction of @entity1 @entity320 growth in @entity466 XXXX by passive transfer of antibodies induced by a high molecular weight @entity320 -associated antigen mimotope vaccine.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Hyaluronic acids (HA) grafted with @entity968 ( @entity970 ) ( @entity970 -g-HA) were synthesized. The materials characterization, enzymatic degradability and peptide (insulin) release from solutions of the copolymers were examined. Distribution of bioactive peptides within the polymer chain is well-known for combinations of @entity970 and polysaccharides as aqueous polymer two-phase systems. Insulin was preferentially partitioned into the @entity970 phase in a @entity970 /HA solution system. Enzymatic degradation of the copolymers was strongly dependent on the @entity970 content. Thermal analysis revealed that @entity970 -g-HA exhibited a variation in phase-separated structures depending on the @entity970 content. The solution of @entity970 -g-HA enabled insulin to remain in the @entity970 moieties dispersed in the HA matrix. Leakage of insulin from the copolymers was dependent upon the @entity970 content. Leakage rate of insulin from copolymer containing between 7 and 39% by weight of @entity970 were similar. A dramatic increase in leakage rate occurred when the @entity970 content was increased to greater than 39% by weight. It is considered that the loaded insulin was partitioned into the @entity970 moieties and became entangled with the @entity970 chains. The conformational change of insulin was effectively prevented in @entity970 -g-HA solutions, although insulin was denatured in storage of both @entity1391 buffered solution and HA solution. Such a heterogeneous-structured polymeric solution may be advantageous as an injectable therapeutic formulation for ophthalmic or @entity625 treatment.

title: Hyaluronic acid grafted with XXXX as a novel peptide formulation.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']


abstract: @entity453 is a leading cause of death in France. Some of its risk factors are well identified such as age, smoking, @entity101 and @entity2299 , but some others such as lipoprotein (a) ( @entity3452 )) are still under investigation. @entity3452 ) is an LDL-like particle to which is linked an apolipoprotein (a). The latter shows a high sequence homology with plasminogen that gives @entity3452 ) thrombogenic properties in addition to its atherogenic capacity. Many epidemiological studies have shown that a high plasma level of @entity3452 ) is a risk factor for coronary, cerebral and peripheral @entity731 . Out of thirteen prospective studies, ten have confirmed this result. The negative results from the three remaining studies were probably due to either the inadequate storage of the samples or the preventive drug treatment given to the @entity1 during the studies and to the lack of standardization of @entity3452 ) assays. More over it has been shown that beside high plasma @entity3452 ) level, the presence of a low molecular weight Apo(a) isoform is also related to a higher incidence of @entity453 . This review of the literature clearly demonstrates the relationship between @entity3452 ) and @entity731 , and the need to measure @entity3452 ) in order to better evaluate the risk of @entity731 especially in @entity1 with a hyper LDLemia an early cardio- or @entity66 or a family history of @entity731 . Management of @entity1 with high @entity3452 ) concentrations should be directed at minimizing all other risk factors for @entity731 .

title: [Lipoprotein(a): risk factor for XXXX important to take into account in practice].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic vascular disease', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic vascular disease']


abstract: The aims of this study were: (1) to investigate the relationship between pre-delivery hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and the outcome of the pregnancy for the mother and @entity1 and (2) to assess the extent to which the pallor of the conjunctiva indicates severe @entity417 in pregnancy (Hb < 7 g/dl). We carried out a prospective study in 1995, in the maternity department of the National Sour   Sanou Hospital (Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso). @entity1 arriving to give birth at the maternity unit gave verbal consent and underwent a physical examination including the assessment of conjunctiva coloration. Finger-prick blood samples were taken from all the @entity1 selected and Hb was determined with a portable hemoglobin meter (HemoCue AB, Sweden). For each @entity1 , information about age, obstetric history, the condition of mother and @entity1 at admission and delivery and any post-delivery complications in the first 48 hours was collected before discharge from the maternity unit, 3 to 5 days after the delivery. @entity1 with @entity2099 were excluded from the study and 247 @entity1 were included overall. Endometriosis was observed in only three cases. Three @entity1 died, two due to @entity326 . The third @entity1 died from @entity1457 . The Hb concentrations of these @entity1 were 8 g/dl, 10.2 g/dl and 2.6 g/dl respectively. The mean Hb concentration for our population was 10.1 g/dl (SD = 2.08), with 165 @entity1 (67%) having less than 11 g Hb/dl. Forty-one @entity1 (17%) had less than 9 g Hb/dl and 16 (6%) had less than 7 g Hb/dl. Severe maternal @entity417 and pallor of the conjunctiva were significantly associated with pre-term delivery and perinatal @entity204 , but not with low birth weight. The sensitivity of the pallor of the conjunctiva for detection of severe maternal @entity417 was 87%, and its specificity was 88%. We found no evidence that maternal Hb levels of 9 to 10.9 g/dl were associated with a high risk of poor pregnancy outcome for either the mother or the @entity1 , although @entity1 with such levels of Hb are classed as anemic by the World Health Organization criteria. These results show that poor pregnancy outcome is associated with severe maternal @entity417 . Examination of the coloration of the conjunctiva is a suitable and affordable screening method for the detection of severe @entity417 . Mothers with severe @entity417 present with signs and symptoms of @entity417 and could therefore be given @entity68 treatment to improve their health. This demonstrates the importance of nutritional intervention during pregnancy.

title: [Assessing severe maternal XXXX and its consequences: the value of a simple examination of the coloration of palpebral conjunctiva].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women', 'child']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between short sleep duration and @entity28 -related variables in @entity1 involved in the 'Qu  bec en Forme' Project. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A total of 422 @entity1 (211 @entity1 and 211 @entity1 ) aged between 5 and 10 years from primary schools in the City of Trois-Rivi  res (Qu  bec) were selected to participate in this study. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight, height and waist circumference were measured. The @entity1 were classified as normal, underweight, overweight or @entity28 , according to body mass index (BMI) per age. An exhaustive questionnaire was administered by telephone to the parents of @entity1 . RESULTS: The percentage of overweight/ @entity28 was 20.0% in @entity1 and 24.0% in @entity1 . When compared to @entity1 reporting 12-13 h of sleep per day, the adjusted odds ratio for childhood overweight/ @entity28 was 1.42 (95% confidence interval 1.09-1.98) for those with 10.5-11.5 h of sleep and 3.45 (2.61-4.67) for those with 8-10 h of sleep after adjustment for age, sex, and other risk factors. Parental @entity28 , low parental educational level, low total family income, long hours of TV watching, playing videogames or computer utilization, absence of breastfeeding and physical inactivity were also significantly associated with childhood overweight/ @entity28 . In addition, we observed a significant negative association adjusted for age between sleep duration and body weight (-0.33, P<0.01), BMI (-0.12, P<0.01) and waist circumference (-0.24, P<0.01) in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: An inverse association was observed between sleep duration and the risk to develop childhood overweight/ @entity28 . Longitudinal research will be required to confirm a potential link of causality between these variables.

title: Relationship between short sleeping hours and childhood overweight/ XXXX : results from the 'Qu  bec en Forme' Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Studies that address sensitive topics, such as female @entity250 , often achieve poor response rates that can bias results. Factors that affect response rates to studies in this area are not well characterized. AIM: To model the response rate in studies investigating the prevalence of female @entity250 . Methods. Databases were searched for English-language, prevalence studies using the search terms: @entity250 , @entity1 / @entity1 /female, prevalence, and cross-sectional. Studies that did not report response rates or were clinic-based were excluded. A multiple linear regression model was constructed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Published response rates. RESULTS: A total of 1,380 publications were identified, and 54 of these met our inclusion criteria. Our model explained 58% of the variance in response rates of studies investigating the prevalence of difficulty with desire, arousal, orgasm, or @entity158 (R(2) = 0.581, P = 0.027). This model was based on study design variables, study year, location, and the reported prevalence of each type of sexual difficulty. More recent studies (beta = -1.05, P = 0.037) and studies that only included @entity1 over 50 years of age (beta = -31.11, P = 0.007) had lower response rates. The use of face-to-face interviews was associated with a higher response rate (beta = 20.51, P = 0.036). Studies that did not include questions regarding desire difficulties achieved higher response rates than those that did include questions on desire difficulty (beta = 23.70, P = 0.034). CONCLUSION: Response rates in prevalence studies addressing female @entity250 are frequently low and have decreased by an average of just over 1% per anum since the late 60s. Participation may improve by conducting interviews in @entity1 . Studies that investigate a broad range of ages may be less representative of older @entity1 , due to a poorer response in older age groups. Lower response rates in studies that investigate desire difficulty suggest that sexual desire is a particularly sensitive topic.

title: Modeling response rates in surveys of female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'person']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['sexual pain']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual difficulty and dysfunction', 'sexual difficulties/dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual difficulty and dysfunction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity25207 ( @entity25207 ) is a common cause of @entity158 . Therapeutic options target different @entity158 systems believed to be involved in its development and maintenance. Most treatments target the @entity158 component with the assumption that sexual function will increase once the @entity158 has decreased, yet this is not necessarily the case. AIMS: Research has supported the effectiveness of hypnosis for many @entity1118 , and a case report demonstrated @entity158 reduction and an increase in intercourse pleasure in a @entity1 with @entity25207 . This preliminary study examined the effectiveness of hypnosis on @entity158 and psychosexual function in @entity25207 . METHODS; Eight @entity1 suffering from @entity25207 completed a hypnosis screening assessment, an interview, @entity158 and psychosexual questionnaires, a gynecologic examination, @entity158 threshold measurement, a psychosexual assessment, and six hypnotherapy sessions. The physical examinations, interview, and questionnaires were repeated at 1 and 6 months posttreatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: These included @entity158 ratings during the gynecologic examination, @entity158 thresholds, scores on the McGill Pain Questionnaire and Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and responses to questions on intercourse-related and nonintercourse-related @entity158 . Measures of psychosexual function included the Female Sexual Function Index, State-Trait @entity148 Scale, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the Brief Symptom Inventory. RESULTS: Results indicated significant decreases in gynecologic examination @entity158 and in several measures assessing intercourse @entity158 , and nonsignificant increases in threshold. Some indices of noncoital @entity158 decreased. Overall sexual function, particularly sexual satisfaction, increased at posttreatment. There were no differences on any psychological measure. @entity1 reported satisfaction with the treatment and rated their @entity158 reduction as average. CONCLUSIONS: Hypnotherapy appears to be a promising treatment for reducing intercourse @entity158 and some aspects of noncoital @entity158 , and for restoring sexual function in @entity1 with @entity25207 . These results suggest that a large controlled trial should be considered.

title: Effectiveness of hypnosis for the treatment of XXXX : a preliminary investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity25207 :: ('MESH:D054515', 'Disease') :: ['VVS', 'Vulvar vestibulitis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular pain', 'pain', 'VVS pain', 'vulvar pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain disorders']

answer: @entity25207 :: (MESH:D054515,Disease) :: ['vulvar vestibulitis syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data from experimental studies suggest that @entity2390 , the long acting @entity1943 analogue, improves survival of animals with @entity788 . To assess the antitumour effect of @entity2390 , a randomized trial was performed comparing @entity2390 with supportive care in advanced @entity788 @entity1 . All @entity1 , aged 59-75 years, were not liable to radical surgical treatment and were not submitted to other treatments (chemo and/or radiotherapy). METHODS: Six @entity1 were enrolled, 4 of these treated with @entity2390 (500 micrograms two times a day subcutaneous for six months) and the other 2 were inserted a control group. RESULTS: The @entity1 treated with @entity2390 showed a significant advantage in quality of life (restored appetite, improvement of digestion and intestine function, remission of @entity490 and preservation of baseline body weight) with a mean > 80 of karnofsky performance score. Monitoring of @entity5 size changes (US-TC) over the 6 months study period, showed slackened @entity5 in all treated @entity1 , whereas @entity5 grew according to an almost exponential trend in untreated @entity1 . Also survival was better in treated @entity1 : in particular, 2 @entity1 out of 4 who completed the study underwent follow-up until they died 12 and 16 months after beginning of treatment, respectively. Karnofsky performance score was particularly high in both @entity1 . This supports the view that @entity2390 is endowed with antiproliferative activity. CONCLUSION: In conclusion @entity2390 therapy seems to confer a survival benefit and a better quality of life in advanced @entity5 . Additional studies are needed to confirm these results and to clarify other questions about dose and @entity1943 receptors in this kind of @entity5 .

title: [ @entity2390 in the treatment of advanced XXXX . Preliminary study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumour', 'neoplastic growth', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data from experimental studies suggest that @entity2390 , the long acting @entity1943 analogue, improves survival of animals with @entity788 . To assess the antitumour effect of @entity2390 , a randomized trial was performed comparing @entity2390 with supportive care in advanced @entity788 @entity1 . All @entity1 , aged 59-75 years, were not liable to radical surgical treatment and were not submitted to other treatments (chemo and/or radiotherapy). METHODS: Six @entity1 were enrolled, 4 of these treated with @entity2390 (500 micrograms two times a day subcutaneous for six months) and the other 2 were inserted a control group. RESULTS: The @entity1 treated with @entity2390 showed a significant advantage in quality of life (restored appetite, improvement of digestion and intestine function, remission of @entity490 and preservation of baseline body weight) with a mean > 80 of karnofsky performance score. Monitoring of @entity5 size changes (US-TC) over the 6 months study period, showed slackened @entity5 in all treated @entity1 , whereas @entity5 grew according to an almost exponential trend in untreated @entity1 . Also survival was better in treated @entity1 : in particular, 2 @entity1 out of 4 who completed the study underwent follow-up until they died 12 and 16 months after beginning of treatment, respectively. Karnofsky performance score was particularly high in both @entity1 . This supports the view that @entity2390 is endowed with antiproliferative activity. CONCLUSION: In conclusion @entity2390 therapy seems to confer a survival benefit and a better quality of life in advanced @entity5 . Additional studies are needed to confirm these results and to clarify other questions about dose and @entity1943 receptors in this kind of @entity5 .

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of advanced @entity788 . Preliminary study].

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['Octreotide']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate potential for @entity131 ( @entity131 ) using a newly developed, geometrically detailed, finite element head model (FEHM) within the concept of a simulated injury monitor (SIMon). The new FEHM is comprised of several parts: cerebrum, cerebellum, falx, tentorium, combined pia-arachnoid complex (PAC) with cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF), ventricles, brainstem, and parasagittal blood vessels. The model's topology was derived from @entity1 computer tomography (CT) scans and then uniformly scaled such that the mass of the brain represents the mass of a 50th percentile male's brain (1.5 kg) with the total head mass of 4.5 kg. The topology of the model was then compared to the preliminary data on the average topology derived from Procrustes shape analysis of 59 individuals. Material properties of the various parts were assigned based on the latest experimental data. After rigorous validation of the model using neutral density targets (NDT) and pressure data, the stability of FEHM was tested by loading it simultaneously with translational (up to 400 g) combined with rotational (up to 24,000 rad/s2) acceleration pulses in both sagittal and coronal planes. Injury criteria were established in the manner shown in Takhounts et al. (2003a). After thorough validation and injury criteria establishment (cumulative strain damage measure--CSDM for @entity21 ( @entity21 ), relative motion damage measure--RMDM for @entity6477 ( @entity6477 ), and dilatational damage measure--DDM for contusions and focal lesions), the model was used in investigation of mild @entity131 cases in living @entity1 based on a set of head impact data taken from American football players at the collegiate level. It was found that CSDM and especially RMDM correlated well with angular acceleration and angular velocity. DDM was close to zero for most impacts due to their mild severity implying that cavitational pressure anywhere in the brain was not reached. Maximum principal strain was found to correlate well with RMDM and angular head kinematic measures. Maximum principal stress didn't correlate with any kinematic measure or injury metric. The model was then used in the investigation of @entity1545 potential in NHTSA conducted side impact tests. It was also used in parametric investigations of various "what if" scenarios, such as side versus frontal impact, to establish a potential link between head kinematics and injury outcomes. The new SIMon FEHM offers an advantage over the previous version because it is geometrically more representative of the @entity1 head. This advantage, however, is made possible at the expense of additional computational time.

title: Investigation of XXXX using the next generation of simulated injury monitor (SIMon) finite element head model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute subdural hematoma', 'ASDH']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['DAI', 'diffuse axonal injuries']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injuries']


abstract: Phosphodiesterases are enzymes that catalyze the degradation of the @entity8613 , @entity1919 and @entity8262 , to the corresponding 5' @entity377 monophosphates. Ten different phosphodiesterase families have been described to date. These enzymes exist as homodimers and there is structural similarity between the different families. However, they differ in several respects like selectivity for @entity8613 , sensitivity for inhibitors and activators, physiological roles and tissue distribution. Interest in these enzymes has increased tremendously, both within the medical community and in the general public as a consequence of @entity7855 (Viagra), the medication recently introduced for the treatment of @entity323 . @entity7855 mediates its effects by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 5. Some biochemical and molecular biological aspects of this enzyme are presented here. To achieve satisfactory erection, normal penile innervation is required. @entity842 , the transmitter substance in these nerves, activates guanylyl cyclase, thereby increasing @entity8262 production. The increased levels of @entity8262 cause relaxation of smooth muscles in penile vessels and this leads to an erection. Erection is dependent on elevated levels of @entity8262 and @entity7855 mediates its effects by inhibiting the degradation of @entity8262 . Other functions that are mediated by the phosphodiesterases explain visual disturbances, flushing and decreased blood pressure that are some of the side effects seen with @entity7855 treatment. Furthermore, the potentially fatal consequence of combining @entity7855 and nitrovasodilators is discussed.

title: [Phosphodiesterase 5--the enzyme inhibited by XXXX (Viagra)].

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'Sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity8613 :: ('MESH:D009712', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen monoxide']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['sildenafil']


abstract: The case of a 55-year-old @entity1 with postpartum (at age of 22) @entity4614 is reported. The @entity1 , with signs of @entity3568 , was admitted to a @entity146 hospital for @entity1833 . In addition to routine tests and measurements of thyroid hormones level, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and pituitary region was performed. The results of MRI showed @entity194 and a @entity4776 ". On the basis of clinical, laboratory and instrumental data, a diagnosis of @entity7961 with @entity1375 was achieved. Many hypotheses could be made regarding its pathogenesis. Initially we considered the diagnosis of @entity4614 in which the sella turcica usually presents normal or reduced dimensions. However the presence of a @entity4776 " with thin walls, excludes this diagnosis. The delay of menarche and the short stature suggest the hypothesis of a preexistent pathological condition. It is possible that the @entity1 had liquefied pituitary @entity652 as a consequence of the postpartum shock or that she was @entity1375 , a condition in which the " @entity4776 " is very common.

title: [ XXXX in adults: a magnetic resonance study of cerebral and hypophyseal changes].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid', 'prevalent hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella', 'large "empty sella']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism', "Sheehan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thoracentesis and antibiotics remain the cornerstones of treatment in stage I @entity3509 . The management of disease progression or late presentation is controversial. Open thoracotomy and decortication is perceived to be synonymous with protracted recovery and prolonged hospitalisation. Advocates of thoracoscopic adhesiolysis cite earlier chest drain removal and hospital discharge. This paper challenges traditional prejudice towards open surgery. METHODS: A five year audit of @entity3509 cases referred to a regional cardiothoracic surgical unit analysing previous clinical course, surgical management, and outcome. RESULTS: Between February 1992 and February 1997, the number of referrals to this centre increased dramatically. Twenty-two @entity1 were referred for surgery (15 @entity1 , seven @entity1 ; age range, 0.5-16 years). Before referral, @entity1 had been unwell for 6-50 days (median, 15), had been treated with several antibiotics, and had undergone chest ultrasound (15 @entity1 ), computed tomography (five @entity1 ), @entity456 (13 @entity1 ), and intercostal drainage (seven @entity1 ). The organism responsible was identified in only two cases ( @entity328 ). Three @entity1 had intraparenchymal abscess formation. Eighteen @entity1 underwent open thoracotomy and decortication. Drain removal was performed on the first or second day. @entity221 resolved within 48 hours. Median hospital stay was four days. All @entity1 had complete clinical and radiological resolution. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment must be tailored to the disease stage. In @entity5 , open decortication followed by early drain removal results in rapid symptomatic recovery, early hospital discharge, and complete resolution. In the early fibrinopurulent phase, alternative strategies should be considered. However, even in ideal cases, neither fibrinolysis nor thoracoscopic adhesiolysis can achieve more rapid resolution at lower risk.

title: XXXX : a role for open thoracotomy and decortication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II and III diseases']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural aspiration attempts']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['Empyema thoracis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Childhood physical inactivity and @entity28 are serious public health threats. Socioecological approaches to addressing these threats have been proposed. The school is a critical environment for promoting @entity1 's health and provides the opportunity to explore the impact of a socioecological approach. CONTEXT: Thirty percent of @entity1 in British Columbia, Canada, are overweight or @entity28 , and 50% of youths are not physically active enough to yield health benefits. METHODS: Action Schools! BC, a socioecological model, was developed to create 1) an elementary school environment where students are provided with more opportunities to make healthy choices and 2) a supportive community and provincial environment to facilitate change at the school and individual levels. CONSEQUENCES: The environment in British Columbia for school- and provincial-level action on health behaviors improved. Focus group and project tracking results indicated that the Action Schools! BC model enhanced the conceptual use of knowledge and was an influencing factor. Political will and public interest were also cited as influential factors. INTERPRETATION: The Action Schools! BC model required substantial and demanding changes in the approach of the researchers, policy makers, and support team toward health promotion. Despite challenges, Action Schools! BC provides a good example of how to enhance knowledge exchange and multilevel intersectoral action in @entity102 prevention.

title: Action Schools! BC: a socioecological approach to modifying XXXX risk factors in elementary school @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Childhood physical inactivity and @entity28 are serious public health threats. Socioecological approaches to addressing these threats have been proposed. The school is a critical environment for promoting @entity1 's health and provides the opportunity to explore the impact of a socioecological approach. CONTEXT: Thirty percent of @entity1 in British Columbia, Canada, are overweight or @entity28 , and 50% of youths are not physically active enough to yield health benefits. METHODS: Action Schools! BC, a socioecological model, was developed to create 1) an elementary school environment where students are provided with more opportunities to make healthy choices and 2) a supportive community and provincial environment to facilitate change at the school and individual levels. CONSEQUENCES: The environment in British Columbia for school- and provincial-level action on health behaviors improved. Focus group and project tracking results indicated that the Action Schools! BC model enhanced the conceptual use of knowledge and was an influencing factor. Political will and public interest were also cited as influential factors. INTERPRETATION: The Action Schools! BC model required substantial and demanding changes in the approach of the researchers, policy makers, and support team toward health promotion. Despite challenges, Action Schools! BC provides a good example of how to enhance knowledge exchange and multilevel intersectoral action in @entity102 prevention.

title: Action Schools! BC: a socioecological approach to modifying @entity102 risk factors in elementary school XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the occurrence of @entity5 and @entity1373 in @entity1478 in @entity1 with and without symptoms. DESIGN: Retrospective registration of all @entity1 who underwent hysteroscopic resection of @entity1478 . Age, menopausal status, presence or absence of symptoms, any use of hormonal medication, as well as histologic diagnosis, complications, and eventual repeated surgery were documented (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). SETTING: Ullevaal University Hospital, Department of Gynecology. @entity1 : All @entity1 who underwent hysteroscopic resection of an endometrial polyp in our department from January 1, 2001 through @entity3490 , 2005. INTERVENTIONS: Hysteroscopic resection of @entity1478 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Four hundred eleven @entity1 were included. One hundred twenty-nine @entity1 (31.4%) had no symptoms. The prevalence of @entity5 or @entity1373 was 3.2% in @entity1 with symptoms and 3.9% in those without symptoms. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity5 and @entity1373 was found to be relatively high, indicating that symptomatic, as well as asymptomatic, @entity1478 should be removed.

title: Hysteroscopic resection of symptomatic and asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps']

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['endometrial polyps']


abstract: PURPOSE: To phenotype a family with RHO ( @entity71515 or @entity71515 ) @entity74 ( @entity6391 ) and to describe an approach to surveying affected families. METHODS: Four @entity1 from a family with a history of autosomal dominant @entity6391 had complete clinical examinations and underwent full-field electroretinography (ERG), fundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging, and genetic testing. One @entity1 had microperimetry (MP) mapping. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 6 years to 47 years. The proband, the father, had fundoscopic findings typical of @entity6391 . A small hyperfluorescent ring centered at the fovea was apparent on AF. MP showed preservation of central 7 degrees of visual field within this ring. The three @entity1 were all asymptomatic with visual acuity of 20/15 in each eye. One @entity1 had mild retinal pigment epithelium migration on fundoscopy; the other two @entity1 had normal fundoscopic examinations. Two @entity1 showed increased parafoveal AF. In the two affected @entity1 , average ERG b-wave implicit times were delayed in scotopic conditions, and maximal ERG tracings had abnormal waveforms. Genetic analysis confirmed that two of three asymptomatic @entity1 carried the @entity71515 allele. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with RHO ( @entity71515 ) @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) can show classic signs of @entity6391 on fundus examination and may be able to maintain good central visual acuity into adulthood. By combining clinical examination with AF imaging and electrophysiology, it is possible to offer presymptomatic clinical evaluation to families with this @entity6391 .

title: Phenotype-genotype correlations in XXXX caused by RHO, @entity71515 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dominantly inherited retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['adRP', 'autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: PURPOSE: To phenotype a family with RHO ( @entity71515 or @entity71515 ) @entity74 ( @entity6391 ) and to describe an approach to surveying affected families. METHODS: Four @entity1 from a family with a history of autosomal dominant @entity6391 had complete clinical examinations and underwent full-field electroretinography (ERG), fundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging, and genetic testing. One @entity1 had microperimetry (MP) mapping. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 6 years to 47 years. The proband, the father, had fundoscopic findings typical of @entity6391 . A small hyperfluorescent ring centered at the fovea was apparent on AF. MP showed preservation of central 7 degrees of visual field within this ring. The three @entity1 were all asymptomatic with visual acuity of 20/15 in each eye. One @entity1 had mild retinal pigment epithelium migration on fundoscopy; the other two @entity1 had normal fundoscopic examinations. Two @entity1 showed increased parafoveal AF. In the two affected @entity1 , average ERG b-wave implicit times were delayed in scotopic conditions, and maximal ERG tracings had abnormal waveforms. Genetic analysis confirmed that two of three asymptomatic @entity1 carried the @entity71515 allele. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with RHO ( @entity71515 ) @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) can show classic signs of @entity6391 on fundus examination and may be able to maintain good central visual acuity into adulthood. By combining clinical examination with AF imaging and electrophysiology, it is possible to offer presymptomatic clinical evaluation to families with this @entity6391 .

title: Phenotype-genotype correlations in @entity6391 caused by RHO, XXXX .

answer: @entity71515 :: (p|SUB|D|190|N,ProteinMutation) :: ['D190N']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet production is regulated by a thrombopoietic growth factor ( @entity26118 ). The receptor for this platelet growth factor ( @entity20096 ) is expressed on the platelet surface membrane. A recombinant thrombopoietic cytokine, recombinant @entity1 @entity26118 coupled with @entity968 ( @entity970 -rHuMGDF), was added to apheresis platelets in vitro to determine whether @entity20096 ligand-receptor binding produced any beneficial or adverse effect on the development of the platelet storage lesion during 5 days of storage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was designed as a dose-response protocol to determine the effects of adding increasing concentrations of @entity44510 (0.0 [control], 2.5, 25, and 250 ng/mL) to apheresis platelets stored in two types of plastic storage containers. The increasing concentrations of @entity970 -rHuMGDF used simulated the theoretical peak plasma level attained in vivo, with an intravenous dose of 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 microg per kg of @entity970 -rHuMGDF. The platelets were stored with agitation at 20 to 24 degrees C for 5 days. A battery of in vitro assays was performed on storage Days 1 and 5, including pH, blood gases, platelet count, @entity880 dehydrogenase, mean platelet volume, @entity413 , @entity880 , osmotic recovery, morphology score, @entity8729 , and one-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis analyses. RESULTS: Analysis of results on both Day 1 and Day 5 showed no significant differences among any of the three @entity970 -rHuMGDF doses and the control group, for any in vitro assay. One-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis showed no changes among the platelet protein patterns for the three @entity970 -rHuMGDF doses studied or the control. Storage-induced changes, however, did occur equally in all four groups of platelets over the 5 days of storage. CONCLUSION: The addition to stored apheresis platelets of up to 10 microg per kg of @entity970 -rHuMGDF (250 ng/mL), followed by 5 days of storage at standard conditions, does not appear to promote or retard development of the platelet storage lesion.

title: Effect of recombinant @entity1 XXXX coupled with @entity968 on the platelet storage lesion.

entities_list: @entity26118 :: ('7066', 'Gene') :: ['Mpl ligand', 'megakaryocyte growth and development factor']

entities_list: @entity44510 :: ('MESH:C103117', 'Chemical') :: ['PEG-rHuMGDF']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity26118 :: (7066,Gene) :: ['megakaryocyte growth and development factor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet production is regulated by a thrombopoietic growth factor ( @entity26118 ). The receptor for this platelet growth factor ( @entity20096 ) is expressed on the platelet surface membrane. A recombinant thrombopoietic cytokine, recombinant @entity1 @entity26118 coupled with @entity968 ( @entity970 -rHuMGDF), was added to apheresis platelets in vitro to determine whether @entity20096 ligand-receptor binding produced any beneficial or adverse effect on the development of the platelet storage lesion during 5 days of storage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was designed as a dose-response protocol to determine the effects of adding increasing concentrations of @entity44510 (0.0 [control], 2.5, 25, and 250 ng/mL) to apheresis platelets stored in two types of plastic storage containers. The increasing concentrations of @entity970 -rHuMGDF used simulated the theoretical peak plasma level attained in vivo, with an intravenous dose of 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 microg per kg of @entity970 -rHuMGDF. The platelets were stored with agitation at 20 to 24 degrees C for 5 days. A battery of in vitro assays was performed on storage Days 1 and 5, including pH, blood gases, platelet count, @entity880 dehydrogenase, mean platelet volume, @entity413 , @entity880 , osmotic recovery, morphology score, @entity8729 , and one-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis analyses. RESULTS: Analysis of results on both Day 1 and Day 5 showed no significant differences among any of the three @entity970 -rHuMGDF doses and the control group, for any in vitro assay. One-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis showed no changes among the platelet protein patterns for the three @entity970 -rHuMGDF doses studied or the control. Storage-induced changes, however, did occur equally in all four groups of platelets over the 5 days of storage. CONCLUSION: The addition to stored apheresis platelets of up to 10 microg per kg of @entity970 -rHuMGDF (250 ng/mL), followed by 5 days of storage at standard conditions, does not appear to promote or retard development of the platelet storage lesion.

title: Effect of recombinant @entity1 @entity26118 coupled with XXXX on the platelet storage lesion.

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet production is regulated by a thrombopoietic growth factor ( @entity26118 ). The receptor for this platelet growth factor ( @entity20096 ) is expressed on the platelet surface membrane. A recombinant thrombopoietic cytokine, recombinant @entity1 @entity26118 coupled with @entity968 ( @entity970 -rHuMGDF), was added to apheresis platelets in vitro to determine whether @entity20096 ligand-receptor binding produced any beneficial or adverse effect on the development of the platelet storage lesion during 5 days of storage. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was designed as a dose-response protocol to determine the effects of adding increasing concentrations of @entity44510 (0.0 [control], 2.5, 25, and 250 ng/mL) to apheresis platelets stored in two types of plastic storage containers. The increasing concentrations of @entity970 -rHuMGDF used simulated the theoretical peak plasma level attained in vivo, with an intravenous dose of 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 microg per kg of @entity970 -rHuMGDF. The platelets were stored with agitation at 20 to 24 degrees C for 5 days. A battery of in vitro assays was performed on storage Days 1 and 5, including pH, blood gases, platelet count, @entity880 dehydrogenase, mean platelet volume, @entity413 , @entity880 , osmotic recovery, morphology score, @entity8729 , and one-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis analyses. RESULTS: Analysis of results on both Day 1 and Day 5 showed no significant differences among any of the three @entity970 -rHuMGDF doses and the control group, for any in vitro assay. One-dimensional @entity2975 gel electrophoresis showed no changes among the platelet protein patterns for the three @entity970 -rHuMGDF doses studied or the control. Storage-induced changes, however, did occur equally in all four groups of platelets over the 5 days of storage. CONCLUSION: The addition to stored apheresis platelets of up to 10 microg per kg of @entity970 -rHuMGDF (250 ng/mL), followed by 5 days of storage at standard conditions, does not appear to promote or retard development of the platelet storage lesion.

title: Effect of recombinant XXXX @entity26118 coupled with @entity968 on the platelet storage lesion.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Obesity has emerged as one of the most complex and @entity66 affecting the world's population. It is estimated that more than two thirds of Americans are overweight and more than 20% are @entity28 . This disease is associated with many morbid conditions, including @entity101 , @entity453 , @entity3316 , @entity387 , @entity6 , and an increased incidence of certain @entity5 . Medical interventions for achieving and maintaining significant @entity353 have generally failed, leaving surgery as the only effective treatment for durable @entity353 . A number of surgical options are available today and can be grouped into two categories based on the mechanism of how the @entity353 is achieved. Restrictive procedures include vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG), adjustable gastric banding (AGB), and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), although the latter does have some altered absorption as well. Largely malabsorptive procedures include biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS). Whereas VBG has largely fallen out of favor due to inadequate long-term @entity353 , the other procedures have proven successful in achieving and maintaining adequate @entity353 . In addition, each has proven successful in reversing or ameliorating many of the comorbidities associated with @entity28 . RYGB is the most common procedure performed in the United States and is considered the gold standard. It has the best short- and long-term results for safety, efficacy, and durability, and it has been proven to be superior in results to those for AGB. In experienced hands, this technically challenging procedure can now be performed laparoscopically. This method has the same @entity353 and health benefits as the open procedure while achieving all the added benefits of a minimally invasive approach. Long-term data seem to support the malabsorptive procedures as most effective in the superobese. All the procedures require compliance and long-term nutritional follow-up.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['debilitating diseases']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The effect of the non-peptide selective tachykinin @entity16325 antagonist @entity13631 has been investigated on @entity4 formation and neutrophil accumulation induced by @entity130 (50 degrees C for 5 min), mustard oil, substance P, the tachykinin NK1 agonist @entity62525 , and @entity3426 in the abdominal skin of the anaesthetised @entity35 . @entity13631 significantly inhibited (120 nmol/kg i.v.) or prevented (240 nmol/kg i.v.) the early @entity4 formation (0-10 min) induced by @entity130 . However, a dosing strategy which blocked NK1 receptors for 5 h ( @entity13631 , 240 nmol/kg i.v. + 240 nmol/kg s.c.) failed to influence neutrophil accumulation measured 5 h after @entity130 . Thus, the neurogenic component mediated by NK1 receptors is important to elicit the early @entity4 formation, but does not influence subsequent neutrophil accumulation. Topical application of mustard oil (2%), a @entity13624 stimulant, caused @entity16325 -mediated early neurogenic plasma extravasation, but did not induce cutaneous neutrophil accumulation over 5 h. Substance P and @entity62525 at high doses (1 nmol/site) also failed to elicit neutrophil accumulation. Neutrophil accumulation induced by @entity3426 (0.03-3 pmol i.d.) was not affected by @entity13631 pretreatment. In conclusion, despite an early pronounced tachykinin @entity16325 -dependent @entity4 response after @entity130 , the results suggest that subsequent neutrophil accumulation is not mediated by NK1 receptors. Furthermore, we have not obtained any evidence to suggest that either endogenous or exogenous @entity4756 can directly induce neutrophil accumulation in the @entity35 cutaneous microvasculature.

title: Lack of evidence for XXXX @entity16325 -mediated neutrophil accumulation in the @entity35 cutaneous microvasculature by @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinins']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury']

answer: @entity4756 :: (MESH:D015320,Chemical) :: ['tachykinin']


abstract: The effect of the non-peptide selective tachykinin @entity16325 antagonist @entity13631 has been investigated on @entity4 formation and neutrophil accumulation induced by @entity130 (50 degrees C for 5 min), mustard oil, substance P, the tachykinin NK1 agonist @entity62525 , and @entity3426 in the abdominal skin of the anaesthetised @entity35 . @entity13631 significantly inhibited (120 nmol/kg i.v.) or prevented (240 nmol/kg i.v.) the early @entity4 formation (0-10 min) induced by @entity130 . However, a dosing strategy which blocked NK1 receptors for 5 h ( @entity13631 , 240 nmol/kg i.v. + 240 nmol/kg s.c.) failed to influence neutrophil accumulation measured 5 h after @entity130 . Thus, the neurogenic component mediated by NK1 receptors is important to elicit the early @entity4 formation, but does not influence subsequent neutrophil accumulation. Topical application of mustard oil (2%), a @entity13624 stimulant, caused @entity16325 -mediated early neurogenic plasma extravasation, but did not induce cutaneous neutrophil accumulation over 5 h. Substance P and @entity62525 at high doses (1 nmol/site) also failed to elicit neutrophil accumulation. Neutrophil accumulation induced by @entity3426 (0.03-3 pmol i.d.) was not affected by @entity13631 pretreatment. In conclusion, despite an early pronounced tachykinin @entity16325 -dependent @entity4 response after @entity130 , the results suggest that subsequent neutrophil accumulation is not mediated by NK1 receptors. Furthermore, we have not obtained any evidence to suggest that either endogenous or exogenous @entity4756 can directly induce neutrophil accumulation in the @entity35 cutaneous microvasculature.

title: Lack of evidence for @entity4756 @entity16325 -mediated neutrophil accumulation in the @entity35 cutaneous microvasculature by XXXX .

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['thermal injury']


abstract: The effect of the non-peptide selective tachykinin @entity16325 antagonist @entity13631 has been investigated on @entity4 formation and neutrophil accumulation induced by @entity130 (50 degrees C for 5 min), mustard oil, substance P, the tachykinin NK1 agonist @entity62525 , and @entity3426 in the abdominal skin of the anaesthetised @entity35 . @entity13631 significantly inhibited (120 nmol/kg i.v.) or prevented (240 nmol/kg i.v.) the early @entity4 formation (0-10 min) induced by @entity130 . However, a dosing strategy which blocked NK1 receptors for 5 h ( @entity13631 , 240 nmol/kg i.v. + 240 nmol/kg s.c.) failed to influence neutrophil accumulation measured 5 h after @entity130 . Thus, the neurogenic component mediated by NK1 receptors is important to elicit the early @entity4 formation, but does not influence subsequent neutrophil accumulation. Topical application of mustard oil (2%), a @entity13624 stimulant, caused @entity16325 -mediated early neurogenic plasma extravasation, but did not induce cutaneous neutrophil accumulation over 5 h. Substance P and @entity62525 at high doses (1 nmol/site) also failed to elicit neutrophil accumulation. Neutrophil accumulation induced by @entity3426 (0.03-3 pmol i.d.) was not affected by @entity13631 pretreatment. In conclusion, despite an early pronounced tachykinin @entity16325 -dependent @entity4 response after @entity130 , the results suggest that subsequent neutrophil accumulation is not mediated by NK1 receptors. Furthermore, we have not obtained any evidence to suggest that either endogenous or exogenous @entity4756 can directly induce neutrophil accumulation in the @entity35 cutaneous microvasculature.

title: Lack of evidence for @entity4756 XXXX -mediated neutrophil accumulation in the @entity35 cutaneous microvasculature by @entity130 .

answer: @entity16325 :: (24807(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NK1 receptor']