abstract: Eleven @entity1 (7 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ) suffered from reactive @entity2720 following an @entity1681 . Mean age at onset of disease was 9.7 years (range 3.3-14.5 years). Six @entity1 had a classical @entity6104 and two a juvenile spondyloarthritis diagnosed earlier. In 10/11 @entity1 , onset of disease was within 5 weeks following a @entity1681 . The @entity1681 was confirmed in all 6 cases examined during the first three months after onset of disease. The @entity625 was predominantly oligoarticular and affected mostly the joints of the lower extremities and toes. Recurrent @entity627 and @entity4841 occurred in most @entity1 . @entity1530 was positive in 9 (82%). During a follow-up of 0.9 to 6.7 years, @entity625 relapsed in most of the @entity1 and 4 @entity1 had severe @entity625 , and 5 @entity6592 . @entity6369 and occular signs relapsed frequently, but there were no noticeable disabilities. Two other @entity1 had self-limited @entity4841 and @entity5406 following a @entity1681 . This disease may represent the first stage of the broad clinical spectrum of the reactive @entity2720 . In our outpatient clinic of paediatric rheumatology, 9% of 127 @entity1 had reactive @entity2720 . They show close relationships to each other and to other @entity1530 -associated @entity5145 . The differentiation of this group of diseases from the @entity309 is possible and relevant.

title: [Spectrum of post-enteritic XXXX in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['Urethritis']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['enthesopathies']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6104 :: ('MESH:D016918', 'Disease') :: ["Reiter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathies']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathies']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia', 'arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['febrile enteritis', 'enteritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['reactive arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity701 , @entity4545 and @entity1851 responses to specific stimuli in @entity827 ( @entity827 ). METHODS: For the purpose of measuring @entity701 , ACTH, and @entity1851 responses to insulin induced hypoglycaemia during attack-free periods, 14 @entity827 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 with @entity1691 or Beh  et's disease as disease controls (DC), and a further 10 healthy control subjects (HC) were involved in this study. None of the subjects had ever received corticosteroids before this study. @entity701 and ACTH levels were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: No attack was observed among @entity827 @entity1 during the test. No significant difference in the mean @entity701 values after insulin induced hypoglycaemia was observed between the groups involved at any stage of the test. The integral @entity701 response to hypoglycaemia expressed as the AUC (0-90 min) was found not to differ among the study groups (1827 +/- 115.6 in @entity827 ; 2196 +/- 205.4 in DC, p = 0.12; 1771 +/- 98.4 in HC, p = 0.9). The delta response of @entity701 to insulin induced hypoglycaemia wasfound to be statistically lower (-4 +/- 0.8 mg/dl vs. -1.9 +/- 0.7 microg/dl; p<0.03) only for the 0 to 30 min interval in @entity1 with @entity827 compared to HC respectively. Similar results, though of no statistical significance, were also found for the 0 to 45 min interval (1.17 +/- 2.2 microg/dl in @entity827 @entity1 vs. 3.3 +/- 2 microg/dl in HC; p = 0.6). The mean basal @entity1851 level of @entity1 with @entity827 was remarkably higher than that in HC. Although the mean @entity1851 level at 90 min for @entity827 cases with @entity701 levels under 12 microg/dl at 30 min was found to be higher than those with @entity701 levels over 12 microg/dl at 30 min, no significant difference was observed. CONCLUSION: An early blunted @entity701 response observed in a stressful situation in @entity827 @entity1 may well account for the curious relationship between stress and an @entity32 . Furthermore, the fact that the @entity1851 level was relatively higher in @entity827 @entity1 with lower @entity701 levels might also highlight the importance of endogen @entity701 in the inflammatory feature of this disease.

title: Early blunted XXXX response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia in familial Mediterranian fever.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory reaction and/or attack']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['familial Mediterranean fever', 'FMF']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: @entity15856 is a @entity24386 of varying severity. Its incidence is increasing, particularly in @entity1 with @entity3052 undergoing high dose @entity2592 chemotherapy. The onset is heralded by prodromal fever, @entity11563 , @entity1661 , and @entity390 during the phase of severe @entity1398 . The symptoms may then localize to the right lower quadrant with an associated increase in systemic @entity137 . The diagnosis can be confirmed in these and other less specific cases by serial reexamination and abdominal radiographs, ultrasonography, computerized tomograms, or radionucleotide scans. The mainstay of management is complete bowel rest with nasogastric suction and total parenteral nutrition. Broad-spectrum combination antibiotics are essential, as is the avoidance of laxatives or antidiarrheal agents. Granulocyte support may be helpful. @entity1 with a history of nonspecific @entity344 or of true @entity15856 , successfully managed nonoperatively, should have prophylactic bowel rest and total parenteral nutrition instituted at the beginning of further chemotherapy. @entity1 with ongoing severe systemic @entity295 who do not respond to chemotherapy and those with overt perforation, obstruction, @entity548 , or @entity733 formation require surgical intervention. All @entity39 material must be resected, usually by a right hemicolectomy, ileostomy, and @entity9358 . Divided ileostomy for less severe cases may be useful. Failure to remove the @entity39 focus in these severely immunocompromised @entity1 is fatal. With adequate recognition of @entity15856 and its precipitating factors, the incidence of complications can be reduced through prevention and timely surgical intervention. Although @entity15856 developed in a quarter of our @entity3052 @entity1 , use of this combined approach was successful in all cases.

title: XXXX : selective surgical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity24386 :: ('MESH:D044504', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity15856 :: ('MESH:D053706', 'Disease') :: ['Typhlitis', 'typhlitis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity11563 :: ('MESH:D003969', 'Disease') :: ['watery or bloody diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity9358 :: ('MESH:D009078', 'Disease') :: ['mucous fistula']

answer: @entity15856 :: (MESH:D053706,Disease) :: ['Typhlitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although extracellular @entity2036 have been shown to confer mitogenic effects in cultured @entity35 mesangial cells through activation of purinergic P2 receptors (P2Y receptors), thus far the in vivo relevance of these findings is unclear. Virtually all cells and in particular the dense granules of platelets contain high levels of @entity2036 that are released upon cell injury or @entity1423 . In experimental mesangial proliferative @entity631 in the rat (anti- @entity18715 model), mesangiolysis and glomerular @entity1423 are followed by a pronounced mesangial cell (MC) proliferative response leading to @entity8 . Therefore, we examined the role of extracellular @entity2036 and their corresponding receptors in @entity377 -stimulated cultured mesangial cells and in @entity8 using the P2 receptor antagonist PPADS. METHODS: The effects of @entity38557 on @entity377 - or fetal calf serum (FCS)-stimulated proliferation of cultured MC were measured by cell counting and @entity665 incorporation assay. After induction of the anti- @entity18715 model, @entity35 received injections of the P2-receptor antagonist PPADS at different doses (15, 30, 60 mg/kg BW). Proliferating mesangial and non-mesangial cells, mesangial cell activation, matrix accumulation, influx of inflammatory cells, mesangiolysis, microaneurysm formation, and renal functional parameters were assessed during anti- @entity18715 disease. P2Y-mRNA and protein expression was assessed using RT-PCR and real time PCR, Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In cultured mesangial cells, PPADS inhibited @entity377 , but not FCS-stimulated proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In the anti- @entity18715 model, PPADS specifically and dose-dependently reduced early (day 3), but not late (day 8), glomerular mesangial cell proliferation as well as phenotypic activation of the mesangium and slightly matrix expansion. While no consistent effect was obtained in regard to the degree of mesangiolysis, influx of inflammatory cells, @entity644 or blood pressure, PPADS treatment increased serum @entity1011 and @entity1133 in anti- @entity18715 @entity35 . P2Y receptor expression ( @entity12700 and @entity12702 ) was detected in cultured MC and isolated glomeruli, and demonstrated a transient marked increase during anti- @entity18715 disease. CONCLUSION: These data strongly suggest an in vivo role for extracellular @entity2036 in mediating early MC proliferation after @entity7622 .

title: P2 receptor antagonist PPADS inhibits mesangial cell proliferation in experimental mesangial proliferative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory glomerular disease', 'glomerular hypercellularity']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data about the relationship between @entity2299 and @entity644 are sparse. We conducted a retrospective and longitudinal study in a large screened cohort to evaluate whether @entity412 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , total @entity165 , and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels increase the risk of development of @entity644 and loss of renal function. METHODS: Post hoc analysis was performed for 4326 subjects who were free from @entity644 (dipstick 1+ or higher) at baseline (1997) with a follow-up period through 2000. Outcome measures were the development of @entity644 (1+ or higher) and change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Multiple logistic analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze baseline characteristics related to the outcome measures. RESULTS: During the observational period, 505 (11.7%) of subjects had one or more episodes of @entity644 (>/=1+). Adjusted relative risk of @entity1674 for one or more incidences of @entity644 was 1.007 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.105, P = 0.04) in @entity1 and 1.032 (95% CI 1.004 to 1.061, P = 0.02) in @entity1 . Total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and LDL @entity165 were not significant predictors of @entity644 . The mean change in GFR between 1997 and 2000 was -6.3 (SD = 9.0) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity1 , and -7.8 (SD = 10.7) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity1 . HDL @entity165 (beta = 0.04, t = 3.7, P = 0.0002) in @entity1 and @entity1674 (per 10 mg/dL, beta = -0.09, t = -2.2, P = 0.02) in @entity1 were correlated with the change in GFR. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity412 levels predicted a risk of developing @entity644 in both @entity1 and @entity1 , but not total @entity165 nor LDL @entity165 . High @entity412 in @entity1 and low HDL @entity165 in @entity1 predicted the decline of renal function. It remains to be determined whether prospective treatment of @entity2299 will protect against @entity8 .

title: XXXX , but not total @entity165 or low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels, predict development of @entity644 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['Triglyceride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data about the relationship between @entity2299 and @entity644 are sparse. We conducted a retrospective and longitudinal study in a large screened cohort to evaluate whether @entity412 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , total @entity165 , and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels increase the risk of development of @entity644 and loss of renal function. METHODS: Post hoc analysis was performed for 4326 subjects who were free from @entity644 (dipstick 1+ or higher) at baseline (1997) with a follow-up period through 2000. Outcome measures were the development of @entity644 (1+ or higher) and change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Multiple logistic analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze baseline characteristics related to the outcome measures. RESULTS: During the observational period, 505 (11.7%) of subjects had one or more episodes of @entity644 (>/=1+). Adjusted relative risk of @entity1674 for one or more incidences of @entity644 was 1.007 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.105, P = 0.04) in @entity1 and 1.032 (95% CI 1.004 to 1.061, P = 0.02) in @entity1 . Total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and LDL @entity165 were not significant predictors of @entity644 . The mean change in GFR between 1997 and 2000 was -6.3 (SD = 9.0) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity1 , and -7.8 (SD = 10.7) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity1 . HDL @entity165 (beta = 0.04, t = 3.7, P = 0.0002) in @entity1 and @entity1674 (per 10 mg/dL, beta = -0.09, t = -2.2, P = 0.02) in @entity1 were correlated with the change in GFR. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity412 levels predicted a risk of developing @entity644 in both @entity1 and @entity1 , but not total @entity165 nor LDL @entity165 . High @entity412 in @entity1 and low HDL @entity165 in @entity1 predicted the decline of renal function. It remains to be determined whether prospective treatment of @entity2299 will protect against @entity8 .

title: @entity412 , but not total XXXX or low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels, predict development of @entity644 .

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data about the relationship between @entity2299 and @entity644 are sparse. We conducted a retrospective and longitudinal study in a large screened cohort to evaluate whether @entity412 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , total @entity165 , and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels increase the risk of development of @entity644 and loss of renal function. METHODS: Post hoc analysis was performed for 4326 subjects who were free from @entity644 (dipstick 1+ or higher) at baseline (1997) with a follow-up period through 2000. Outcome measures were the development of @entity644 (1+ or higher) and change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Multiple logistic analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze baseline characteristics related to the outcome measures. RESULTS: During the observational period, 505 (11.7%) of subjects had one or more episodes of @entity644 (>/=1+). Adjusted relative risk of @entity1674 for one or more incidences of @entity644 was 1.007 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.105, P = 0.04) in @entity1 and 1.032 (95% CI 1.004 to 1.061, P = 0.02) in @entity1 . Total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and LDL @entity165 were not significant predictors of @entity644 . The mean change in GFR between 1997 and 2000 was -6.3 (SD = 9.0) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity1 , and -7.8 (SD = 10.7) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity1 . HDL @entity165 (beta = 0.04, t = 3.7, P = 0.0002) in @entity1 and @entity1674 (per 10 mg/dL, beta = -0.09, t = -2.2, P = 0.02) in @entity1 were correlated with the change in GFR. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity412 levels predicted a risk of developing @entity644 in both @entity1 and @entity1 , but not total @entity165 nor LDL @entity165 . High @entity412 in @entity1 and low HDL @entity165 in @entity1 predicted the decline of renal function. It remains to be determined whether prospective treatment of @entity2299 will protect against @entity8 .

title: @entity412 , but not total @entity165 or low-density lipoprotein XXXX levels, predict development of @entity644 .

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data about the relationship between @entity2299 and @entity644 are sparse. We conducted a retrospective and longitudinal study in a large screened cohort to evaluate whether @entity412 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , total @entity165 , and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 levels increase the risk of development of @entity644 and loss of renal function. METHODS: Post hoc analysis was performed for 4326 subjects who were free from @entity644 (dipstick 1+ or higher) at baseline (1997) with a follow-up period through 2000. Outcome measures were the development of @entity644 (1+ or higher) and change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Multiple logistic analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze baseline characteristics related to the outcome measures. RESULTS: During the observational period, 505 (11.7%) of subjects had one or more episodes of @entity644 (>/=1+). Adjusted relative risk of @entity1674 for one or more incidences of @entity644 was 1.007 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.105, P = 0.04) in @entity1 and 1.032 (95% CI 1.004 to 1.061, P = 0.02) in @entity1 . Total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and LDL @entity165 were not significant predictors of @entity644 . The mean change in GFR between 1997 and 2000 was -6.3 (SD = 9.0) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity1 , and -7.8 (SD = 10.7) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity1 . HDL @entity165 (beta = 0.04, t = 3.7, P = 0.0002) in @entity1 and @entity1674 (per 10 mg/dL, beta = -0.09, t = -2.2, P = 0.02) in @entity1 were correlated with the change in GFR. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity412 levels predicted a risk of developing @entity644 in both @entity1 and @entity1 , but not total @entity165 nor LDL @entity165 . High @entity412 in @entity1 and low HDL @entity165 in @entity1 predicted the decline of renal function. It remains to be determined whether prospective treatment of @entity2299 will protect against @entity8 .

title: @entity412 , but not total @entity165 or low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels, predict development of XXXX .

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10020 ( @entity10020 ) is related to left ventricular (LV) mass in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Furthermore, @entity10020 reflects the severity of @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity299 . We tested the diagnostic value of @entity10020 for @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and LV @entity299 in a large group of clinically stable hemodialysis @entity1 without @entity712 . RESULTS: @entity10020 was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in @entity1 with @entity4346 than in those with normal LV mass. In a multiple logistic regression model, adjusting for potential confounders (including @entity299 ), systolic pressure and @entity10020 (both P = 0.003) were the strongest correlates of @entity4346 . Similarly, @entity10020 was significantly higher (P = 0.005) in @entity1 with @entity299 than in those with normal LV function and in a multiple logistic regression model @entity10020 ranked as the second independent correlate of this alteration after male sex. Serum @entity10020 had a high positive prediction value for the diagnosis of @entity4346 (87%) but its negative prediction value was relatively low (44%). The positive predictive value of @entity10020 for LV dysfunction was low (25%) while its negative predictive value was high (93%). A combined analysis including systolic pressure (for the diagnosis of @entity4346 ) and sex (for the diagnosis of LV @entity299 ) augmented the diagnostic estimates to an important extent (95% positive prediction value for @entity4346 and 98% negative prediction value for LV @entity299 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity10020 has a fairly good diagnostic potential for the identification of @entity4346 and for the exclusion of LV @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity454 without @entity712 . This marker may be useful for the screening of alterations in LV mass and function in clinically stable hemodialysis @entity1 .

title: Diagnostic value of troponin T for alterations in left ventricular mass and function in dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity10020 :: ('7139', 'Gene') :: ['cTnT', 'Cardiac troponin T', 'CTnT']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases', 'cardiac ischemia', 'systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Enveloped viruses, e.g. @entity992 viruses may cause highly contagious airborne @entity281 . Their spread is difficult to control, also in hospitals. In the case of @entity683 and varicella immune prophylaxis and chemotherapy/chemoprophylaxis are possible. This is of particular significance, since varicella and zoster are of increasing importance for immunocompromized @entity1 . @entity294 is caused to a large extent by viruses. @entity6425 play an important role in infancy, and are frequently acquired in the hospital. In a study on @entity1902 of @entity1 in a hospital we were able to show that 30 percent of all @entity6425 were of nosocomial origin. Admission of a rotavirus-excreting @entity1 (or personnel) may start a long chain of @entity6425 on pediatric wards. Even careful hygienic measures in the hospital can hardly prevent the spread of @entity9488 . @entity281 may be severe and lethal for newborns, as shown by us in a study on an outbreak of echovirus 11 disease on a maternity ward. We have recently obtained data on the "stickiness" of enteroviruses on @entity1 skin. This could explain essential features of the spread of enteroviruses in the population.

title: [Nosocomial virus XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity9488 :: ('MESH:D004769', 'Disease') :: ['enterovirus infections']

entities_list: @entity992 :: ('MESH:D002644', 'Disease') :: ['influenza- or varicella']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['infectious gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Such infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infections', 'Rotavirus infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pleural and mediastinal effect of thoracentesis @entity5 -positive cytology in @entity1143 ( @entity1143 ) detected by @entity764 ray of @entity2 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was performed in @entity1 with @entity2 for whom @entity1143 was evident in @entity764 ray films, who then underwent thoracentesis followed by video-assisted thoracoscopy (VAT) to evaluate direct @entity5 infiltration, mediastinal node involvement and the existence of @entity3 . @entity1 without contraindication underwent the procedure, even if @entity5 positive cytology was present. When @entity3 was found the treatment employed was talc pleurodesis and chemotherapy. Descriptive statistics were compiled and the validity of VAT for @entity3 diagnosis, of thoracentesis pleural cytology to detect infiltration of the @entity5 -adyacent pleura, @entity66 and @entity3 were calculated. Survival was also analyzed. RESULTS: @entity1143 was present in 188 of 971 consecutive @entity2 @entity1 . Seventy two PEs were visible in the @entity764 ray films. Volume exceeded 425 mL. Tumor positive pleural cytology was detected in 29 cases (40%). Pleural @entity3 were found in 54 @entity1 , 23 of whom had @entity5 positive pleural cytology. In the other 6 @entity1 with positive cytology the @entity5 infiltrated the visceral pleura, completely in 5. In 4 of those 5, the mediastinal pleura was also involved. The @entity5 and diseased lymph nodes were removed from 11 @entity1 , 3 of them with tumoral pleural cytology. Visual pleural inspection by VAT had a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 82%, positive predicted value ( @entity2286 ) of 94% and negative predicted value (NPV) of 78% for the diagnosis of @entity3 . Thoracentesis cytology showed a sensitivity of 43%, specificity of 67%, @entity2286 of 79% and NPV of 28% for @entity3 . For the evaluation of adjacent @entity2617 , without @entity3 , the sensitivity of cytology was 40%, specificity 100%, @entity2286 100% and NPV 25%. For mediastinal node invasion clinically evaluated, the sensitivity of cytology was 55%, specificity of 62%, @entity2286 18% and NPV 90%. Survival after thoracotomy was 39% after 2 years, and the median survival time was 14.5 months. In the 11 resected @entity1 , survival was 53% at two years. The difference in survival between @entity1 treated by thoracotomy and those treated by talc pleurodesis after VAT was significant (p < 0.01). The 3 resected @entity1 with @entity5 -positive cytology survived 84, 39 and 25 months. CONCLUSIONS: Nineteen percent of @entity1 with @entity2 have @entity1143 , of which 7% can be seen in @entity764 ray films. In such @entity1 the likelihood of @entity3 is 75%. Pleural @entity3 is not necessarily present when @entity1143 cytology indicates that @entity5 is present. VAT can be considered the ideal technique for the assessment of direct pleural invasion by the @entity5 or of @entity3 .

title: [Thoracocentesis for the assessment of XXXX with @entity1143 ].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['N2 disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'primary neoplasm', 'pleural tumor']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['pleura infiltration']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['pleural metastasis', 'metastasis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pleural and mediastinal effect of thoracentesis @entity5 -positive cytology in @entity1143 ( @entity1143 ) detected by @entity764 ray of @entity2 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was performed in @entity1 with @entity2 for whom @entity1143 was evident in @entity764 ray films, who then underwent thoracentesis followed by video-assisted thoracoscopy (VAT) to evaluate direct @entity5 infiltration, mediastinal node involvement and the existence of @entity3 . @entity1 without contraindication underwent the procedure, even if @entity5 positive cytology was present. When @entity3 was found the treatment employed was talc pleurodesis and chemotherapy. Descriptive statistics were compiled and the validity of VAT for @entity3 diagnosis, of thoracentesis pleural cytology to detect infiltration of the @entity5 -adyacent pleura, @entity66 and @entity3 were calculated. Survival was also analyzed. RESULTS: @entity1143 was present in 188 of 971 consecutive @entity2 @entity1 . Seventy two PEs were visible in the @entity764 ray films. Volume exceeded 425 mL. Tumor positive pleural cytology was detected in 29 cases (40%). Pleural @entity3 were found in 54 @entity1 , 23 of whom had @entity5 positive pleural cytology. In the other 6 @entity1 with positive cytology the @entity5 infiltrated the visceral pleura, completely in 5. In 4 of those 5, the mediastinal pleura was also involved. The @entity5 and diseased lymph nodes were removed from 11 @entity1 , 3 of them with tumoral pleural cytology. Visual pleural inspection by VAT had a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 82%, positive predicted value ( @entity2286 ) of 94% and negative predicted value (NPV) of 78% for the diagnosis of @entity3 . Thoracentesis cytology showed a sensitivity of 43%, specificity of 67%, @entity2286 of 79% and NPV of 28% for @entity3 . For the evaluation of adjacent @entity2617 , without @entity3 , the sensitivity of cytology was 40%, specificity 100%, @entity2286 100% and NPV 25%. For mediastinal node invasion clinically evaluated, the sensitivity of cytology was 55%, specificity of 62%, @entity2286 18% and NPV 90%. Survival after thoracotomy was 39% after 2 years, and the median survival time was 14.5 months. In the 11 resected @entity1 , survival was 53% at two years. The difference in survival between @entity1 treated by thoracotomy and those treated by talc pleurodesis after VAT was significant (p < 0.01). The 3 resected @entity1 with @entity5 -positive cytology survived 84, 39 and 25 months. CONCLUSIONS: Nineteen percent of @entity1 with @entity2 have @entity1143 , of which 7% can be seen in @entity764 ray films. In such @entity1 the likelihood of @entity3 is 75%. Pleural @entity3 is not necessarily present when @entity1143 cytology indicates that @entity5 is present. VAT can be considered the ideal technique for the assessment of direct pleural invasion by the @entity5 or of @entity3 .

title: [Thoracocentesis for the assessment of @entity2 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: The aim of the current study was to determine the ability of antigen-driven cloned helper cell independent cytotoxic T lymphocytes (HITc) to proliferate and to survive in vivo and to mediate @entity5 therapy. The HITc clone utilized (denoted 1.B6) was specifically cytolytic to @entity16671 , a syngeneic Friend virus-induced @entity19 @entity1778 . Activation in vitro (48 hr) with @entity16671 induced secretion of @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ), expression of @entity3783 ( @entity3783 ), and in vitro proliferation. These cells could be "rested" for several weeks without stimulation, which resulted in reduced expression of @entity3783 ; however, restimulation with antigen resulted in reinduction of @entity3783 and proliferation. The ability of cloned HITc to proliferate and to survive in vivo was examined in @entity786 (CY) pretreated donor @entity19 congenic for the @entity3512 gene. Adoptively transferred cloned HITc could be found in large numbers, and were widely distributed in vivo 1 wk after transfer. In @entity5 therapy, 1.B6 cells when injected into a site of @entity5 (i.p.) and used as an adjunct to CY were effective against disseminated @entity16671 . In this circumstance, cloned 1.B6 cells could be recovered from cured @entity19 125 days after transfer and were shown to specifically @entity5 and proliferate in vitro in response to @entity16671 . Thus as an adjunct to CY, @entity5 -specific cloned HITc are capable of eradicating disseminated @entity1778 , persisting long-term in vivo, and providing specific immunologic memory.

title: Antigen-driven T cell clones can proliferate in vivo, eradicate disseminated XXXX , and provide specific immunologic memory.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lyse tumor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: @entity1 with severe @entity548 complications and other side effects on conventional anticoagulants and strong indication for further anticoagulation were treated with a low molecular weight heparin fragment (Tedelparin). In this paper we report the experiences in 30 @entity1 , who were anticoagulated 1-11 months with this compound. All @entity1 injected themselves a dose ranging from 1 X 2,500 to 1 X 20,000 anti factor Xa units per day. Within 132 months of treatment one @entity1 with good compliance developed @entity1031 . Four @entity1 had bad compliance. Two of them experienced rethrombosis 1 and 8 weeks after starting therapy. Severe @entity548 did not occur. Two @entity1 had one minor @entity548 complication each. Both @entity1 developed several times per year severe @entity548 with conventional anticoagulants. All excessive subcutaneous haematomas and indurations of the adipose tissue at the injection site of conventional heparin disappeared completely. Low molecular weight heparin can be regarded as an alternative anticoagulant in @entity1 with severe @entity548 and other complications on oral anticoagulants and conventional heparin.

title: [Ambulatory long-term prevention of XXXX with low-molecular weight heparin].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhages']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: Causes and precipitating factors for @entity39 (NA) with @entity565 were sought in 43 @entity1 , focusing on a history of vaccination and desensitization. Mean age of @entity1 was 43.2 years. Diagnosis was based on histopathologic findings in 25 @entity1 , arteriography in 2, and clinical criteria in 16. History of allergic manifestations ( @entity565 , @entity2490 , @entity484 , @entity110 ) was present in the family of 19 @entity1 . Forty-two @entity1 presented with @entity565 before development of NA and 23 of them were treated with @entity230 . Nineteen subjects gave a history of desensitization and 5 of vaccination in the 4 weeks preceding the disease. The main symptoms of NA were @entity565 in 43, fever in 25, weight loss in 31, @entity1897 in 29, cutaneous signs in 25, digestive signs in 16 ( @entity490 , digestive bleeding, bowel perforation), @entity9757 with @entity358 in 33. @entity1712 was 8,212 +/- 6,214/mm3. Antigen HBs was found in 2 of 30 @entity1 . Prognosis of NA with @entity565 was good in 15 @entity1 who recovered completely from the disease. Seven @entity1 died and the other @entity1 improved but remained under treatment. The survival curve showed that 75% of @entity1 were alive after 60 months. Our findings suggest that different causes can be considered responsible for NA, and that, in cases of NA with @entity565 , there is reason to consider vaccination and desensitization as precipitating factors.

title: XXXX with @entity565 : causes and precipitating factors in 43 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['systemic necrotizing angiitis']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['noninfectious pneumopathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['Systemic necrotizing angiitis']


abstract: Causes and precipitating factors for @entity39 (NA) with @entity565 were sought in 43 @entity1 , focusing on a history of vaccination and desensitization. Mean age of @entity1 was 43.2 years. Diagnosis was based on histopathologic findings in 25 @entity1 , arteriography in 2, and clinical criteria in 16. History of allergic manifestations ( @entity565 , @entity2490 , @entity484 , @entity110 ) was present in the family of 19 @entity1 . Forty-two @entity1 presented with @entity565 before development of NA and 23 of them were treated with @entity230 . Nineteen subjects gave a history of desensitization and 5 of vaccination in the 4 weeks preceding the disease. The main symptoms of NA were @entity565 in 43, fever in 25, weight loss in 31, @entity1897 in 29, cutaneous signs in 25, digestive signs in 16 ( @entity490 , digestive bleeding, bowel perforation), @entity9757 with @entity358 in 33. @entity1712 was 8,212 +/- 6,214/mm3. Antigen HBs was found in 2 of 30 @entity1 . Prognosis of NA with @entity565 was good in 15 @entity1 who recovered completely from the disease. Seven @entity1 died and the other @entity1 improved but remained under treatment. The survival curve showed that 75% of @entity1 were alive after 60 months. Our findings suggest that different causes can be considered responsible for NA, and that, in cases of NA with @entity565 , there is reason to consider vaccination and desensitization as precipitating factors.

title: @entity39 with XXXX : causes and precipitating factors in 43 cases.

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The prognostic significance of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) flow cytometry has been investigated for many solid @entity5 , but few data have been accumulated for @entity957 of the head and neck. To our knowledge, we report the largest number of @entity1 (69) with @entity135 to be studied by DNA flow cytometry. In the first part of this study, we reviewed 109 consecutive @entity1 with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal primary @entity189 which were treated at North Carolina Memorial Hospital during the period of 1981 to 1984. The final analysis comprised 139 DNA histograms (mean coefficient of variation: 8.02) on @entity982 -embedded specimens from 48 @entity1 . Of the 48 @entity1 with primary @entity189 , 24 had glottic, 18 had supraglottic, and 6 had @entity189 from the piriform sinus. @entity1 had follow-up for a minimum of 12 months, with a mean follow-up period of 23 months. Twenty-three of the 48 primary @entity189 (48%) were clearly aneuploid, and the remaining 52% were tetraploid (22%) or diploid (30%). We have concluded that @entity1 with clearly aneuploid primary @entity189 had significantly better prognoses than those with @entity5 (p = 0.008). High DNA amounts (greater than 40% of cells beyond the diploid peak, DNA G1G0) also correlated with a favorable prognosis when compared with low DNA amounts (p less than 0.01), and this remained significant when the clinical outcome was adjusted for staging of the primary site (T), nodal status, and stage of disease. Ploidy was the most significant prognostic variable for the laryngeal group of @entity1 . In the second part of the study, twenty-one @entity1 with oral @entity1544 were studied in a similar fashion as the group with @entity189 . In this group, a low DNA amount, with 40% as the cutoff point, was associated with a favorable prognosis (p = 0.024), and this remained significant while controlling for T, nodal status, and stage of disease. Numbers were too small to permit evaluation of the impact of ploidy in this group, but there was a slight trend toward aneuploidy and @entity8339 , correlating with a poor treatment outcome (p = 0.228). DNA amount was the most significant prognostic variable for the group of @entity1 with oral @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: DNA flow cytometry as a prognostic indicator in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck primary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity8339 :: ('MESH:D057891', 'Disease') :: ['tetraploidy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cavity carcinomas', 'diploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinomas', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['cavity squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: The concomitant use of @entity1792 and prolonged exposure to heat (CAH) is an increasingly common alternative to purely chemical means of reusing dialyzers. However, there are no data on the effects of reprocessing dialyzers with CAH beyond 15 uses. Increasing the number of reuses with CAH cannot be systematically undertaken unless its safety is documented. We hypothesized that discarding @entity2264 dialyzers after the 25th rather than the 15th use would result in increased clearance of @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) without clinically significant changes in small solute clearance or albumin loss. We studied 15 Fresenius F80B @entity2264 dialyzers in five chronic hemodialysis @entity1 . Dialyzers were reprocessed using 1.5% @entity1792 solution heated to 95 degrees C. Representative fractional collection and 10 minute timed collections of dialysate were performed at baseline and during uses 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 for each dialyzer. Dialysate-side @entity1133 , @entity1011 , and @entity2262 clearances were calculated, and total albumin was measured in dialysate. We used a mixed model to adjust for repeated measures (both within a given dialyzer and for the multiple dialyzers per @entity1 ). Of the 15 dialyzers studied, 3 (20%) failed before the 25th use. There was no significant change in @entity1133 or @entity1011 clearance with additional reuse (overall p values 0.20 and 0.60, respectively). A sustained increase in @entity2262 clearance was observed after the fifth treatment compared with the first use (p < 0.001). Fractional collection showed that dialysate albumin loss increased significantly with additional reuses (p < 0.001) but did not increase significantly above baseline until treatment 25. Reprocessing of @entity2264 dialyzers with CAH 25 times significantly increased albumin loss and @entity2262 clearance but did not appear to affect @entity1133 or @entity1011 clearance. Increasing the maximum number of uses to 20 may permit cost savings compared with current practice without additional risk.

title: Extended reuse of @entity2264 hemodialysis membranes using XXXX and heat.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2264 :: ('MESH:C017662', 'Chemical') :: ['polysulfone']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta2-microglobulin', 'beta2MG']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1792 :: (MESH:D019343,Chemical) :: ['citric acid']


abstract: The concomitant use of @entity1792 and prolonged exposure to heat (CAH) is an increasingly common alternative to purely chemical means of reusing dialyzers. However, there are no data on the effects of reprocessing dialyzers with CAH beyond 15 uses. Increasing the number of reuses with CAH cannot be systematically undertaken unless its safety is documented. We hypothesized that discarding @entity2264 dialyzers after the 25th rather than the 15th use would result in increased clearance of @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) without clinically significant changes in small solute clearance or albumin loss. We studied 15 Fresenius F80B @entity2264 dialyzers in five chronic hemodialysis @entity1 . Dialyzers were reprocessed using 1.5% @entity1792 solution heated to 95 degrees C. Representative fractional collection and 10 minute timed collections of dialysate were performed at baseline and during uses 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 for each dialyzer. Dialysate-side @entity1133 , @entity1011 , and @entity2262 clearances were calculated, and total albumin was measured in dialysate. We used a mixed model to adjust for repeated measures (both within a given dialyzer and for the multiple dialyzers per @entity1 ). Of the 15 dialyzers studied, 3 (20%) failed before the 25th use. There was no significant change in @entity1133 or @entity1011 clearance with additional reuse (overall p values 0.20 and 0.60, respectively). A sustained increase in @entity2262 clearance was observed after the fifth treatment compared with the first use (p < 0.001). Fractional collection showed that dialysate albumin loss increased significantly with additional reuses (p < 0.001) but did not increase significantly above baseline until treatment 25. Reprocessing of @entity2264 dialyzers with CAH 25 times significantly increased albumin loss and @entity2262 clearance but did not appear to affect @entity1133 or @entity1011 clearance. Increasing the maximum number of uses to 20 may permit cost savings compared with current practice without additional risk.

title: Extended reuse of XXXX hemodialysis membranes using @entity1792 and heat.

answer: @entity2264 :: (MESH:C017662,Chemical) :: ['polysulfone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of transcatheter reocclusion of persistent leaks following previously attempted transcatheter occlusion of persistent @entity432 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary pediatric cardiology centre. @entity1 : From February 1987 through October 1996, trans-catheter occlusion of a residual ductal shunt was attempted in 42 consecutive @entity1 at a median age of 5.0 years (range 1.6 years to 16.2 years). INTERVENTIONS: Fourty @entity1 had successful placement of a double umbrella occluder (n=27) or coils (n=13) across residual shunts. Complications included device embolization in two @entity1 and @entity2142 in one @entity1 . OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: Mean z-score for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) at initial echocardiography was +2.55 +/- 1.89 (P<0.0001 versus normal); z-score for left pulmonary artery ( @entity4991 ) diameter was +2.00 +/- 1.52 (P<0.0001). Mean @entity4991 to right pulmonary artery (RPA) diameter ratio was 1.05 +/- 0.18. At follow-up echocardiogram, a median of two years (range six months to 7.7 years) after the second procedure, a shunt was persistent in 3% of the @entity1 . Mean LVEDD and @entity4991 diameter z-value, and mean @entity4991 to RPA diameter had dropped significantly to +0.42 +/- 1.31, +0.07 +/- 1.15 and 0.86 +/- 0.14 (P<0.001), respectively. @entity4991 flow acceleration was present in 25% of @entity1 . Three of nine @entity1 , in whom lung perfusion scan was performed, had left lung perfusion below 40%. Small weight and age at catheterization were significant risk factors for @entity4991 flow disturbance. CONCLUSIONS: Repeat transcatheter occlusion is safe and successful in eliminating residual shunt across the @entity432 . Attention should, however, be addressed to the potential for @entity4991 @entity850 and growth, and flow should be regularly assessed.

title: Transcatheter management of residual shunts after initial transcatheter closure of a patent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial duct']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial duct']


abstract: Most studies of @entity1 vascular smooth muscle cell mechanics and pharmacology have relied upon data from intact tissue preparations. The purpose of this study was to determine how single @entity1 vascular smooth muscle cell pharmacological sensitivity to @entity112 and force development compared to the intact tissue from which it was derived. Thus, techniques were developed for isolating large numbers (5 X 10(5) cells/ml) of cells from @entity291 carotid arteries. Single cells were spindle-shaped with dimensions of 117 +/- 11 (SE) micron in length by 7 +/- 1 (SE) micron in diameter (n = 27). The effect of @entity112 concentration on cell length was studied in suspensions of freshly isolated cells. @entity112 concentration-response curves revealed that single smooth muscle cells shortened to @entity112 concentrations in a graded fashion, and that shortening was mediated through @entity112 H1 receptors. The threshold for 10% of maximum response occurred at 8.0 X 10(-11) M @entity112 . This threshold was at least three orders of magnitude lower than the threshold for 10% of maximum tension in the intact tissue under isometric conditions. In addition to cellular pharmacology, mechanical studies were performed by tying a single cell to an ultrasensitive force transducer. Active stresses of 0.5 +/- 0.1 X 10(5) N/m2 (n = 4) were measured in response to electrical stimulation for cells in low extracellular @entity460 (0.5 mM). These data suggest that @entity112 sensitivity and smooth muscle cell mechanics may best be determined in single cell studies that minimize diffusional barriers to agonist and avoid intercellular interactions that are present in the intact tissue.

title: Pharmacology and force development of single freshly isolated XXXX carotid artery smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: A method was developed for the determination of @entity7935 in urine. The sample was pumped through the donor channel of a membrane extraction unit with a micro-porous membrane, separating the donor channel from an identical acceptor channel purged with @entity1568 . The analyte reached the acceptor channel by diffusion through the membrane and was then swept by the carrier to a solid sorbent tube, where it was trapped. The analyte was subsequently thermally desorbed and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ). After optimization, the recovery was close to quantitative, or 95%. Purging the membrane unit with pure water in between the samples eliminated any memory effects. The linearity was good in the concentration range examined (20-4000 ng l(-1)), with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The repeatability at 50 ng l(-1) and 400 ng l(-1) was 1.4% and 1.2%, respectively. The limit of detection was 12 ng l(-1) and the limit of quantification 35 ng l(-1). This enables assessment of @entity7935 exposures of occupationally exposed subjects, of smokers and the majority of the general population. The developed method can be easily automated.

title: A combination of micro-porous membrane liquid-gas extraction and solid-phase trapping for ultra trace determination of XXXX in urine.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'mass selective detection']

answer: @entity7935 :: (MESH:D001554,Chemical) :: ['benzene']


abstract: Stent-grafts are ideally terminated within the common iliac artery (CIA). However, @entity2998 may require @entity432 , with stent-graft extension to the external iliac artery. Alternatively, the diameter of the distal stent-graft may be increased, or flared, to allow exclusion of the @entity1028 . This report details the authors' experience with this technique. Forty-one @entity1 received bifurcated stent-grafts (BSG): 20 received an AneuRx device, and 21 received a Zenith device. @entity2998 (diameter 15-25 mm) was treated with a distal flare of 2-4 mm greater than the CIA diameter. @entity1 were followed up with computed tomography scan at 1, 6, and 12 months. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA within groups and unpaired two-tailed t test between groups. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Eight of 20 @entity1 (40%) (11 CIA) received an AneuRx device and 13/21 (62%) (17 CIA) received a Zenith device, with a distal flare. Values are (n) mean (mm) +/- SE. There were no deaths, endoleaks, migrations, or conversions to open repair. Follow-up mean was 24.7 and 20.6 (range 15-28) months for AneuRx and Zenith groups, respectively. In comparing initial and 12-month CIA diameters, AneuRx grafts 20 +/-0.8 vs 21.5 +/-1.0 were not significantly different, p = 0.2, nor was the same comparison for Zenith, 17 +/-0.5 vs 19.1 +/-0.4, significant, p = 0.57. At a mean follow-up of 12 months, distal flare of iliac limbs with either @entity1652 affords a seal for @entity2998 and/or @entity439 complicating EVAR.

title: A comparison of AneuRx aortic cuff and zenith distal flare exclusion of common iliac artery ectasia for XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['AneuRx or Zenith devices']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['CIA ectasia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['hypogastric artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: At our hospital ultrasound (US) is used as an initial screening procedure in all @entity1 with abdominal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of this policy on the detection of ileocecal @entity30 . We retrospectively studied all @entity1 with a new diagnosis of ileocecal @entity30 from our institute over the period 1990-2001. The final diagnosis was based on clinical follow-up and pathological, surgical, US, and other radiological findings. We noted who referred the @entity1 to the radiology department, what the initial clinical presumption was, and what the first imaging study was. US diagnoses were determined from the initial US report and US findings were registered from the images. There were a total of 47 @entity1 (20 @entity1 , 27 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 30 years and a median age of 27 years (range 14-75 years). In all @entity1 the initial imaging study was an abdominal US. Using US, a confident diagnosis of ileocecal @entity30 was made in 35 of the 47 @entity1 , @entity30 was suggested among the differential diagnosis in 10, and an incorrect diagnosis was made in 2 @entity1 . In 28 of 47 @entity1 , the referring physician did not consider @entity30 when requesting the initial US examination. In eight @entity1 with @entity698 -like symptoms, the US findings strongly influenced the decision to refrain from operation at that point in time. US, when used as a low-threshold diagnostic procedure, is a reliable and noninvasive means for making an early diagnosis of ileocecal @entity30 in @entity1 who present with atypical symptoms. It may prevent both unnecessary therapeutic delay as well as unnecessary surgery.

title: Detection of ileocecal XXXX using ultrasound as the primary imaging modality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Since the advent of brainstem auditory evoked response audiometry and computerized tomography, small @entity5513 are more frequently found. Often the @entity1 has serviceable hearing, which we would like to preserve during complete @entity5 removal. Since 1978, sixteen @entity1 with @entity5513 have been operated upon through the retrosigmoid suboccipital approach, with the goal of hearing preservation. In 1983, we began using intraoperative direct eighth nerve monitoring, which produced a rapid assessment of cochlear nerve function during the excision of small @entity5513 . The @entity5 varied in size from intracanalicular lesions to one lesion with a 3.0 cm protrusion medial to the porus acousticus. In eight of sixteen cases, intraoperative monitoring was used, and in four of the @entity1 hearing was preserved. In eight cases, intraoperative monitoring was not used, and hearing was preserved in only two @entity1 . The overall success rate--in @entity5 removal with hearing preservation--was 37%. Hearing was preserved in six of eight @entity1 who had @entity5 which measured less than 1.5 cm. In this group of cases, two of the @entity1 had a Class I good hearing result (PTA 0 to 30 dB and 70 to 100% discrimination), one @entity1 had Class III nonserviceable hearing, (PTA 65 to 75 dB and 25 to 45% discrimination), and three @entity1 had Class IV poor hearing, ( @entity865 80 to 100 dB and 0 to 20% discrimination). We found that continuous monitoring of direct eighth-nerve-evoked action potentials were extremely valuable and rapidly indicated reversible cochlear nerve @entity130 .

title: Hearing preservation after XXXX surgery with intraoperative direct eighth cranial nerve monitoring: Part II. A classification of results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'total tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: Cytologic reports were compared to final diagnoses for 1,157 gastroesophageal samples from an eight-year period in order to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic cytology and to determine the significance of a "suspicious" cytologic report. In the subgroup of @entity1 with @entity420 evaluated by paired endoscopic biopsy and cytology, the relative and combined sensitivities of the sampling methods were studied. Cytologic examination was reported as positive or suspicious in 85% of 229 cases of @entity5 . There were three false-positive diagnoses of @entity957 of the esophagus, representing 0.3% of all submitted samples. Suspicious cytologic reports were issued in 5% of all cases. The majority (63%) of @entity1 with a suspicious cytologic report had a final diagnosis of @entity5 , with @entity356 present in almost half of the cases. @entity420 was diagnosed in 168 of the @entity1 . Combined endoscopic biopsy and cytology was more sensitive (96%) than biopsy alone (90%) in making the initial diagnosis. Cytology may be of particular value in the diagnosis of @entity5 when the lesions are small and superficial or where stricture precludes adequate biopsy. Regardless of the biopsy findings, @entity1 with "suspicious" cytologic reports require careful reevaluation since a high percentage of those cases in our series were subsequently verified as having @entity5 .

title: The endoscopic diagnosis of XXXX . A cytologic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal malignancy', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a day service for @entity1 aged 18-55 years who had a @entity64 . DESIGN: A randomized cross-over study design was used, randomly allocating individuals to attend the service for six months followed by a period of no attendance for six months. SETTING: A day service pilot project was launched in Cardiff in July 1995 for @entity1 who were aged between 18 and 55 years and had a @entity64 . It met one day a week. SUBJECTS: Twenty-six @entity1 were recruited to the study between June 1998 and February 2000. Their mean age was 48 years (SD = 7). INTERVENTIONS: The service aimed to offer @entity1 the opportunity to identify and pursue meaningful and realistic opportunities within the community. A range of activities occurred at the service including creative activities and social outings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Barthel ADL Index, Extended ADL Scale, Nottingham Leisure Questionnaire, Short Form 36, the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, the Role Checklist and the Semantic Differential Self Concept Scale were used to assess the outcomes from the service. RESULTS: Attending the service increased occupational performance and satisfaction with performance but there was no evidence that @entity308 and @entity148 were reduced or that quality of life and self-concept were improved. CONCLUSION: Although there were some gains from attending the service there were also many unmet needs. Further research is required to continue to identify how best to meet the needs of individuals post @entity64 under retirement age.

title: Evaluation of a pilot service designed to provide support following XXXX : a randomized cross-over design study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Several recent case reports have shown that @entity1278 and @entity6426 negatively affect glycemic control in @entity6 @entity1 . However, there have been no systematic studies to assess the prevalence of clinical or subclinical @entity1277 among @entity6 @entity1 or to determine the impact of such disturbances on glycemic control. This study reports a survey of 202 adolescents, aged 12-18 yr, seen in the @entity6 , @entity1 's Hospital of Pittsburgh, who were asked to complete the Binge Eating Scale (BES) and the EAT-26 questionnaire. Responses of @entity6 @entity1 to the EAT-26 questionnaire were compared with those of a nondiabetic control group and were related to measures of glycemic control. @entity6 subjects scored higher on the total EAT-26 than nondiabetic control subjects, ordinarily indicative of more eating pathology. However, @entity6 subjects scored higher only on the dieting subscale of this questionnaire, probably reflecting adherence to the @entity6 dietary regimen. Subjects with @entity6 scored lower, or did not differ significantly, from nondiabetic control subjects on measures of oral control and @entity6426 . Among @entity6 subjects, self-reported bulimic behaviors were related to poorer glycemic control. @entity1 with the highest scores on the BES had an average @entity4051 of 13.1% compared with 11.8% for age- and sex-matched @entity1 at the 50th percentile, and 10.8% for @entity1 in the lowest 10th percentile. Further studies are needed to determine whether modification of these eating behaviors would improve glycemic control.

title: XXXX and glycemic control in adolescents with type I diabetes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'Diabetes Clinic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['Subclinical eating disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The genetic variants in the Fcepsilon receptor I beta gene ( @entity37938 ) and the T allele of the ( @entity70988 ) polymorphism of @entity3646 gene promoter were reported to be associated with @entity402 . But the data of the studies in different populations are contrasting with one another. METHODS: A group of 25 Italian nuclear families were studied. In each family at least two allergic subjects were present. The allergic @entity1 were 65 and the allergic relatives were 35. One hundred and three nonallergic unrelated controls included outpatiens with no history of @entity402 . The ( @entity70988 ) promoter polymorphism of the @entity3646 and the genetic variant @entity37938 of @entity12950 genes were analysed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: A significant difference was observed in the genotype frequency at codon 237 of the @entity12950 gene between allergic @entity1 and nonatopic control (P < 0.01) and in the allergic relatives (P < 0.001). In the @entity1 , the @entity37938 polymorphism was also associated with elevated circulating levels of immunoglobulin E. The @entity8997 allele of @entity3646 promoter gene showed no association with @entity402 . CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the @entity37938 polymorphism of the @entity12950 gene was associated with @entity402 . Our results have not pointed out an association between the ( @entity70988 ) promoter polymorphism of the @entity3646 gene and @entity402 . These data suggest the potential role of the @entity47188 gene in the development of the @entity566 .

title: Molecular analysis of sequence variants in the Fcepsilon receptor I beta gene and XXXX gene promoter in Italian atopic families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity37938 :: ('p|SUB|E|237|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Glu237Gly']

entities_list: @entity12950 :: ('931', 'Gene') :: ['Fcepsilon RI beta']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: AIMS: Polymorphous low-grade @entity420 ( @entity7050 ) is the second most common type of @entity5 in minor salivary glands. Its origin in major salivary glands is considered exceedingly rare. Herein, we present three cases of de novo @entity7050 arising in major salivary glands. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three cases of @entity7050 were identified in a large series of primary @entity5 of major salivary glands. We investigated their clinicopathological profiles, including immunohistochemical features. The three @entity1 (two @entity1 and one @entity1 ) were 51, 65, and 79 years old. The @entity5 were 20-30 mm large; two were in the parotid gland and one in the submandibular gland. Histologically, all the @entity5 had a polymorphous architectural pattern showing predominantly solid, tubular, and cribriform features and @entity851 . Papillary areas were observed focally in two @entity5 and an 'Indian-file' array in one. The @entity5 cells had a bland cytological appearance and low mitotic count. Two @entity5 showed @entity3 . No preexisting @entity5123 was identified. In all cases, @entity5 cells were positive for epithelial markers, @entity2281 protein, and vimentin but negative for @entity538 . Proliferative activities assessed with the Ki67 labelling index were 4.3%, 7.1%, and 7.6%; no @entity876 overexpression was observed. Two @entity1 had local recurrence, but none had @entity3 or died of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: PLGAs arising in major salivary glands and those in minor salivary glands have similar clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. It is important to recognize that @entity7050 can occur ab initio in the major salivary glands, although it is extremely rare.

title: Polymorphous low-grade XXXX of the major salivary glands: report of three cases in an unusual location.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['invasive growth']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours', 'malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin, muscle-specific actin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'perineural invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma component']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Past and ongoing studies indicate that the selectively bred P line of @entity35 satisfies virtually all the suggested criteria for an animal model of @entity988 . They attain pharmacologically active levels of BAC and develop tolerance and physical dependence with voluntary oral @entity1068 ingestion, while in the free-feeding state. @entity1068 is positively reinforcing to the @entity7956 and consumption appears to be directed by the post-ingestive, pharmacological effects of @entity1068 , as revealed by the intragastric self-administration studies. Some interesting differences between the P and the NP lines have been uncovered. They differ in the content of @entity750 in several brain regions and they respond differently to @entity1068 . The @entity7956 develop acute tolerance to sedative-hypnotic doses of @entity1068 more rapidly than do the NP @entity35 , and they exhibit stimulation with low doses of @entity1068 . These differences suggest hypotheses on mechanisms underlying @entity167 -seeking behavior which can now be tested experimentally. It should be emphasized, however, that the described findings are the product of but a single genetic experiment. Clearly, replication is needed, and we are currently doing this, using a better defined, heterogeneous stock of @entity35 . This one experiment, however, has demonstrated the feasibility of developing animal models of @entity988 and offers hope that the genetic and biological basis of @entity167 -seeking behavior can be explored in the laboratory. The screening and testing of pharmacological agents able to deter @entity167 -seeking behavior is an obvious practical application of this model.

title: Studies on an animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity988 :: (MESH:D000437,Disease) :: ['alcoholism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To further assess, in a phase 3 study, treatment with @entity4480 for @entity1 with @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ) in other geographical regions, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Finland, Poland, South Africa and Spain, as previous trials in North America and Europe provided evidence for the safety and efficacy of @entity4480 as a pharmacological treatment for @entity3142 in @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 458 @entity1 aged 27-79 years enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The @entity1 with predominantly @entity3142 were identified using a validated clinical algorithm. They were randomly assigned to receive placebo (231) or @entity4480 40 mg twice daily (227) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome variables included the @entity322 ( @entity322 ) and the Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) questionnaire. Van Elteren's test was used to analyse the percentage changes in @entity322 where the stratification variable was weekly baseline @entity322 ( @entity322 < 14 and > or = 14). Analysis of covariance was used to analyse I-QOL scores. RESULTS: The mean baseline @entity322 was 18.4/week; 55% of @entity1 had a baseline @entity322 of > or = 14. There was a significantly greater median decrease in @entity322 with @entity4480 with placebo (54% vs 40%, P = 0.05), with comparable significant improvements in quality of life (I-QOL score increases of 10.3 vs 6.4, P = 0.007). The improvements with @entity4480 were associated with significantly greater increases in voiding intervals than with placebo (20.4 vs 8.5 min, P < 0.001). The placebo response was 10.7% and 12.5% higher than those reported in two European and North American phase 3 trials. This may have been related to more @entity1 being na  ve for @entity322 management in the current trial. Discontinuation rates for adverse events were 1.7% for placebo and 17.2% for @entity4480 (P < 0.001), with @entity390 being the most common reason for discontinuation (3.1%); it was the most common adverse event with @entity4480 , but was mild or moderate in most (81%), did not worsen in any @entity1 and resolved within 7 days in 60% and within 1 month in 86% of continuing @entity1 ; 88% of @entity1 who experienced @entity390 while taking @entity4480 completed the trial. CONCLUSIONS: These results show improvements in @entity322 and quality of life with @entity4480 40 mg twice daily for 12 weeks that are in keeping with those reported in two other recently completed phase 3 trials in Europe and North America.

title: @entity4480 vs placebo in the treatment of XXXX : a four-continent randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['IEF', 'incontinence', 'incontinence episode frequency']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress urinary incontinence', 'SUI']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['stress urinary incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To further assess, in a phase 3 study, treatment with @entity4480 for @entity1 with @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ) in other geographical regions, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Finland, Poland, South Africa and Spain, as previous trials in North America and Europe provided evidence for the safety and efficacy of @entity4480 as a pharmacological treatment for @entity3142 in @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 458 @entity1 aged 27-79 years enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The @entity1 with predominantly @entity3142 were identified using a validated clinical algorithm. They were randomly assigned to receive placebo (231) or @entity4480 40 mg twice daily (227) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome variables included the @entity322 ( @entity322 ) and the Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) questionnaire. Van Elteren's test was used to analyse the percentage changes in @entity322 where the stratification variable was weekly baseline @entity322 ( @entity322 < 14 and > or = 14). Analysis of covariance was used to analyse I-QOL scores. RESULTS: The mean baseline @entity322 was 18.4/week; 55% of @entity1 had a baseline @entity322 of > or = 14. There was a significantly greater median decrease in @entity322 with @entity4480 with placebo (54% vs 40%, P = 0.05), with comparable significant improvements in quality of life (I-QOL score increases of 10.3 vs 6.4, P = 0.007). The improvements with @entity4480 were associated with significantly greater increases in voiding intervals than with placebo (20.4 vs 8.5 min, P < 0.001). The placebo response was 10.7% and 12.5% higher than those reported in two European and North American phase 3 trials. This may have been related to more @entity1 being na  ve for @entity322 management in the current trial. Discontinuation rates for adverse events were 1.7% for placebo and 17.2% for @entity4480 (P < 0.001), with @entity390 being the most common reason for discontinuation (3.1%); it was the most common adverse event with @entity4480 , but was mild or moderate in most (81%), did not worsen in any @entity1 and resolved within 7 days in 60% and within 1 month in 86% of continuing @entity1 ; 88% of @entity1 who experienced @entity390 while taking @entity4480 completed the trial. CONCLUSIONS: These results show improvements in @entity322 and quality of life with @entity4480 40 mg twice daily for 12 weeks that are in keeping with those reported in two other recently completed phase 3 trials in Europe and North America.

title: XXXX vs placebo in the treatment of @entity3142 : a four-continent randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity4480 :: (MESH:C058218,Chemical) :: ['Duloxetine']


abstract: 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, as well as @entity19517 and @entity9027 sulfatases, were found in the plasma membrane of microvilli of the fetal syncytiotrophoblast. Because of their location, these enzymes may influence feto-maternal transfer of @entity230 circulating as @entity14024 , the utilization of sulfated @entity172 precursors and the proportion of @entity1815 and @entity53 delivered towards fetal and maternal circulations. Microvillar vesicles isolated from @entity1 term placentas were @entity2421 medium to obtain a membrane preparation. A fraction of the @entity53 17 beta-oxidoreductase ( @entity18333 ) activity in the vesicle remained associated to the membrane after disruption and treatment with 2 M @entity1219 . The membrane-associated activity was resistant to inhibition with trypsin and did not react with a polyclonal antibody which neutralized cytosolic @entity18333 activity. The membrane-associated enzyme was solubilized with a @entity6041 - @entity653 buffer solution and purified on Sephadex G-100. The estimated molecular weight of the solubilized enzyme (137 kDa) appears to correspond to a tetramer since it was found to be about twice the size of the cytosolic enzyme. Both enzymes focused in @entity2975 gels at pH 5.2. The Km relative to E2 of the membrane-associated @entity18333 (1.3 microM) differs from those of mitochondrial (0.43 microM), microsomal (0.69 microM) and cytosolic (11 microM) fractions. The cytosolic and the microvillar membrane associated @entity19674 oxidoreductases also differ in their specificity for @entity6173 and C19 @entity134 substrates and in their pH dependence patterns. Sulfatases acting on @entity19517 and @entity9027 in microvillar membranes were insensitive to trypsin and as resistant to washes with 2 M @entity1219 as alkaline phosphatase. This data indicated that @entity134 sulfatases are also microvillar membrane associated enzymes of potential physiologic importance in the hydrolysis of @entity172 precursors.

title: XXXX metabolizing enzymes associated with the microvillar membrane of @entity1 placenta.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity19517 :: ('MESH:C017296', 'Chemical') :: ['estrone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity19674 :: ('CHEBI:35343', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['disrupted in hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, as well as @entity19517 and @entity9027 sulfatases, were found in the plasma membrane of microvilli of the fetal syncytiotrophoblast. Because of their location, these enzymes may influence feto-maternal transfer of @entity230 circulating as @entity14024 , the utilization of sulfated @entity172 precursors and the proportion of @entity1815 and @entity53 delivered towards fetal and maternal circulations. Microvillar vesicles isolated from @entity1 term placentas were @entity2421 medium to obtain a membrane preparation. A fraction of the @entity53 17 beta-oxidoreductase ( @entity18333 ) activity in the vesicle remained associated to the membrane after disruption and treatment with 2 M @entity1219 . The membrane-associated activity was resistant to inhibition with trypsin and did not react with a polyclonal antibody which neutralized cytosolic @entity18333 activity. The membrane-associated enzyme was solubilized with a @entity6041 - @entity653 buffer solution and purified on Sephadex G-100. The estimated molecular weight of the solubilized enzyme (137 kDa) appears to correspond to a tetramer since it was found to be about twice the size of the cytosolic enzyme. Both enzymes focused in @entity2975 gels at pH 5.2. The Km relative to E2 of the membrane-associated @entity18333 (1.3 microM) differs from those of mitochondrial (0.43 microM), microsomal (0.69 microM) and cytosolic (11 microM) fractions. The cytosolic and the microvillar membrane associated @entity19674 oxidoreductases also differ in their specificity for @entity6173 and C19 @entity134 substrates and in their pH dependence patterns. Sulfatases acting on @entity19517 and @entity9027 in microvillar membranes were insensitive to trypsin and as resistant to washes with 2 M @entity1219 as alkaline phosphatase. This data indicated that @entity134 sulfatases are also microvillar membrane associated enzymes of potential physiologic importance in the hydrolysis of @entity172 precursors.

title: @entity134 metabolizing enzymes associated with the microvillar membrane of XXXX placenta.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Adverse effects and venous blood @entity3265 concentrations were monitored over a period of 7 months in @entity1 with @entity302 treated with @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ). During the 1st, 4th, 12th, 20th, and 28th weeks of therapy, blood samples for analysis of @entity3265 and anticonvulsants were taken immediately before the morning dose of @entity2052 as well as 2 h after dosing. In all, 40 @entity1 completed the follow-up; 16 of these (Group 1) received @entity2052 alone, while the remaining 24 (Group 2) were treated simultaneously with @entity2052 and other anticonvulsants ( @entity109 , @entity3174 , and/or @entity2049 ). In Group 1 @entity1 , a slight though significant increase in @entity3265 concentrations was found during long-term @entity2052 treatment; this trend was even more pronounced in Group 2 @entity1 . The difference between postdose and predose @entity3265 levels in Group 2 @entity1 was significant at each of the five follow-up examinations. In contrast, no such difference was demonstrated in @entity1 of Group 1. @entity2052 concentrations were found to be consistently higher in Group 2 @entity1 than in Group 1. Twenty-three @entity1 complained of various long-term adverse effects, while the other 17 remained symptom-free. The adverse effects reported included drowsiness, @entity400 , @entity1017 , hair loss, and @entity344 . Our data confirm the previously suggested hypothesis that changes in venous blood @entity3265 are particularly evident in @entity1 taking @entity2052 in combination with other antiepileptic drugs, such as @entity109 and @entity3174 .

title: Long-term treatment with XXXX : monitoring of venous @entity3265 concentrations and adverse effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['sodium valproate']


abstract: Adverse effects and venous blood @entity3265 concentrations were monitored over a period of 7 months in @entity1 with @entity302 treated with @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ). During the 1st, 4th, 12th, 20th, and 28th weeks of therapy, blood samples for analysis of @entity3265 and anticonvulsants were taken immediately before the morning dose of @entity2052 as well as 2 h after dosing. In all, 40 @entity1 completed the follow-up; 16 of these (Group 1) received @entity2052 alone, while the remaining 24 (Group 2) were treated simultaneously with @entity2052 and other anticonvulsants ( @entity109 , @entity3174 , and/or @entity2049 ). In Group 1 @entity1 , a slight though significant increase in @entity3265 concentrations was found during long-term @entity2052 treatment; this trend was even more pronounced in Group 2 @entity1 . The difference between postdose and predose @entity3265 levels in Group 2 @entity1 was significant at each of the five follow-up examinations. In contrast, no such difference was demonstrated in @entity1 of Group 1. @entity2052 concentrations were found to be consistently higher in Group 2 @entity1 than in Group 1. Twenty-three @entity1 complained of various long-term adverse effects, while the other 17 remained symptom-free. The adverse effects reported included drowsiness, @entity400 , @entity1017 , hair loss, and @entity344 . Our data confirm the previously suggested hypothesis that changes in venous blood @entity3265 are particularly evident in @entity1 taking @entity2052 in combination with other antiepileptic drugs, such as @entity109 and @entity3174 .

title: Long-term treatment with @entity1092 : monitoring of venous XXXX concentrations and adverse effects.

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: It has already been known in ancient medicine that diseases with similar clinical picture can occur all at once at a certain place and under certain climatic conditions, and the Hippocratics dedicated a special book of their Hippocratic Scriptures to epidemics. The symptom complex of what is nowadays called "hospitalism", however, could only develop when the first hospitals were founded in early Christian cultures, which means social foundations, which were not at all hospitals like today, but social institutions for the old @entity1 , for pilgrims and--only in the third place--an asylum for poor, homeless, ill @entity1 . As well as in other places where large numbers of @entity1 are crowded together under poor hygienic conditions, e.g. in prisons or on overcrowded ships, in those overcrowded hospitals, which were called "Nosokomeion" in the Byzantine world and thus might well have been institutions where nursing of sick @entity1 was done, specific @entity66 occurred which were rarely found in individuals living in freedom or at their domiciles. Like all other epidemics, they were thought to be attributed to a miasma transported by the air and resulting from bad vapours, and it was for two milleniums that this remained the explanation for infectiosity. As in the hospitals before introduction of anti- and asepsis wound-healing per secundam, i.e. purulence, was regarded as normal and pus was called "Pus bonum and laudabile", which was thought to be the supposition for wound-healing and was the reason for the infernal stench which one could smell. One attributed the occurrence of miasma to this component. It was therefore attempted to combat the @entity580 by all means with desodorizing procedures, thus trying primarily to suppress the stench by frequent whitewashing of the rooms, spraying of vinegar, by burning powder and even using precious incense. On the other hand, various @entity166 could easily be brought into those overcrowded hospitals, where often three up to six @entity1 had to share one bed, so that still in 1865 no less a @entity1 than the famous Theodor Billroth (1829-1894) felt himself obliged to warn of the dangers of a stay in hospital. The danger of "hospitalism" or of " @entity580 " let the rich refrain from going into a hospital, until the progress in surgery, which was initiated by the introduction of @entity7908 , allowed surgical treatment only to be effected in hospitals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in changing times].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital infections', 'nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['Hospital infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus persists in brain of the immature and adult @entity1 including @entity1 and it can be regulated by physiological and pathological events including nutritional status and @entity410 . The present study was designed to investigate the potential effects of @entity3147 followed by @entity302 on hippocampal neurogenesis in the immature @entity35 . METHODS: @entity35 pups were divided into 4 groups: malnourished (M), nourished (N), @entity410 ( @entity410 ) and @entity410 ( @entity410 ). The @entity35 pups of group M and group @entity410 were maintained on a starvation regimen from postnatal day 2 (P2) to @entity12988 . The @entity159 of the @entity35 pups in group @entity410 and group @entity410 was elicited by unilateral microinfusion of @entity4176 (KA) into the amygdula at @entity22163 . @entity35 pups of the 4 groups were given @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) intraperitoneally twice daily for 2 days beginning at P17. At P19, the @entity35 pups were killed and the brains were processed for @entity1603 mitotic labeling combined with double-label immunohistochemistry using early neuron- or glia-specific markers TuJ1 (beta III tubulin) or @entity40 ( @entity40 ). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the latent time of @entity410 between group M and group N [(12.4 +/- 2.6) min vs. (12.1 +/- 2.9) min, P < 0.05]. Histological assessment did not reveal any evidence of hippocampal cell loss after @entity159 in either group. @entity1603 -labeled cells were significantly higher in the @entity35 of group @entity410 (374 +/- 18) than group M (303 +/- 20), group @entity410 (312 +/- 24) than group N (269 +/- 18), respectively (P < 0.01). There was also significant difference between group M and group N, group @entity410 and group @entity410 , respectively (P < 0.01). No significant difference was seen between the @entity35 of group @entity410 and group M (P > 0.05). Approximately 60% of @entity1603 -labeled cells coexpressed TuJ1, and 5% approximately 10% of those co-expressed @entity40 . CONCLUSION: Early @entity3147 do not alter KA @entity410 susceptibility and the behavioral manifestations of @entity410 at @entity22163 . Although @entity3147 and @entity159 can increase the proliferation of newly developed cells in the immature @entity35 respectively, @entity3147 followed by @entity159 further increases this proliferation. Furthermore, most of newly developed cells differentiate into early neurons.

title: [Malnutrition increases hippocampal neurogenesis in the immature @entity35 after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine', 'BrdU']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'malnourished plus seizures', 'nourished plus seizures', 'seizures', 'NS', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['status epileptics']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus persists in brain of the immature and adult @entity1 including @entity1 and it can be regulated by physiological and pathological events including nutritional status and @entity410 . The present study was designed to investigate the potential effects of @entity3147 followed by @entity302 on hippocampal neurogenesis in the immature @entity35 . METHODS: @entity35 pups were divided into 4 groups: malnourished (M), nourished (N), @entity410 ( @entity410 ) and @entity410 ( @entity410 ). The @entity35 pups of group M and group @entity410 were maintained on a starvation regimen from postnatal day 2 (P2) to @entity12988 . The @entity159 of the @entity35 pups in group @entity410 and group @entity410 was elicited by unilateral microinfusion of @entity4176 (KA) into the amygdula at @entity22163 . @entity35 pups of the 4 groups were given @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) intraperitoneally twice daily for 2 days beginning at P17. At P19, the @entity35 pups were killed and the brains were processed for @entity1603 mitotic labeling combined with double-label immunohistochemistry using early neuron- or glia-specific markers TuJ1 (beta III tubulin) or @entity40 ( @entity40 ). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the latent time of @entity410 between group M and group N [(12.4 +/- 2.6) min vs. (12.1 +/- 2.9) min, P < 0.05]. Histological assessment did not reveal any evidence of hippocampal cell loss after @entity159 in either group. @entity1603 -labeled cells were significantly higher in the @entity35 of group @entity410 (374 +/- 18) than group M (303 +/- 20), group @entity410 (312 +/- 24) than group N (269 +/- 18), respectively (P < 0.01). There was also significant difference between group M and group N, group @entity410 and group @entity410 , respectively (P < 0.01). No significant difference was seen between the @entity35 of group @entity410 and group M (P > 0.05). Approximately 60% of @entity1603 -labeled cells coexpressed TuJ1, and 5% approximately 10% of those co-expressed @entity40 . CONCLUSION: Early @entity3147 do not alter KA @entity410 susceptibility and the behavioral manifestations of @entity410 at @entity22163 . Although @entity3147 and @entity159 can increase the proliferation of newly developed cells in the immature @entity35 respectively, @entity3147 followed by @entity159 further increases this proliferation. Furthermore, most of newly developed cells differentiate into early neurons.

title: [Malnutrition increases hippocampal neurogenesis in the immature XXXX after @entity159 ].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']