abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Efflux pumps are one of the major mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in @entity3064 . This study aimed to understand the distribution of different types of pump genes in clinical isolates of @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ) and to reveal the relationship between their presence and expression with antimicrobial resistance. METHODS: @entity6371 isolates were collected from five hospitals in Taiwan. Different categories of pump genes, including adeB, adeJ, macB, abeM, abeS, emrA-like, emrB-like, and craA, were chosen, and their presence in the collected isolates was determined. Three induced resistant strains of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 to @entity9001 , @entity2892 , and @entity4509 were also included. The expressions of the selected pump genes were determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity6371 clinical isolates were obtained from five hospitals. All of the studied pump genes were present in the collected @entity6371 isolates except one isolate that lacked the emrA-like gene. The gene expression of these efflux pumps was variable among the strains. The upregulation of the adeB, adeJ, and macB genes was responsible for @entity9001 resistance, and the increased abeS expression was strongly related to @entity4509 resistance. Of all the antibiotics studied, @entity9001 was the strongest inducer of gene expression for many efflux pumps in A. baumannii. CONCLUSION: Efflux pump genes are universally present in the collected clinical @entity6371 isolates. The upregulation of the adeB, adeJ, macB and abeS genes is more related with antibiotic resistance.

title: Distribution of different efflux pump genes in clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant XXXX and their correlation with antimicrobial resistance.

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['MDRAB', 'multidrug-resistant A. baumannii']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity9001 :: ('MESH:C119092', 'Chemical') :: ['tigecycline']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: The characteristics with respect to light scatter and cell surface properties of megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (CFU-Meg), growing in serum-free agar cultures, have been determined. @entity19 bone marrow cells were fractionated using a light-activated cell sorter (FACS) either on the basis of light scatter or after staining with a @entity2822 ( @entity2823 )-labeled lectin or monoclonal antibody. After staining and sorting, the recovery of CFU-Meg was about 50%. In the unsorted controls 29 +/- 2 CFU-Meg/10(5) cells were observed. The forward (FLS) and perpendicular ( @entity6409 ) light scatter intensities of CFU-Meg were very similar to those of spleen colony-forming cells (CFU-S) and early progenitor cells. The average diameter of the CFU-Meg as determined by the FLS intensity profile was about 7.5 microns. @entity3505 germ agglutinin binding of CFU-Meg was high, indicating a high @entity3167 content of the cell surface. Expression of the differentiation antigen @entity3844 on the CFU-Meg as determined by indirect immunofluorescence with the rat monoclonal antibody I42/5.1 was moderate. @entity3844 expression was lower than the @entity3844 expression of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-C) or granulocytes. It is concluded that the light scatter and cell surface properties of CFU-Meg are similar to those of CFU-S and early committed progenitors.

title: Light scatter and cell surface properties of XXXX megakaryocyte progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Loss of hand function is one of the most devastating consequences of @entity1566 . Intensive hand training provided on an instrumented exercise workstation in conjunction with functional electrical stimulation may enhance neural recovery and hand function. The aim of this trial is to compare usual care with an 8-week program of intensive hand training and functional electrical stimulation. METHODS/DESIGN: A multicentre randomised controlled trial will be undertaken. Seventy-eight @entity1 with recent @entity1688 (C2 to T1 motor complete or incomplete) undergoing inpatient rehabilitation will be recruited from seven @entity1566 units in Australia and New Zealand and will be randomised to a control or experimental group. Control @entity1 will receive usual care. Experimental @entity1 will receive usual care and an 8-week program of intensive unilateral hand training using an instrumented exercise workstation and functional electrical stimulation. @entity1 will drive the functional electrical stimulation of their target hands via a behind-the-ear bluetooth device, which is sensitive to tooth clicks. The bluetooth device will enable the use of various manipulanda to practice functional activities embedded within computer-based games and activities. Training will be provided for one hour, 5 days per week, during the 8-week intervention period. The primary outcome is the Action Research Arm Test. Secondary outcomes include measurements of strength, sensation, function, quality of life and cost effectiveness. All outcomes will be taken at baseline, 8 weeks, 6 months and 12 months by assessors blinded to group allocation. Recruitment commenced in December 2009. DISCUSSION: The results of this trial will determine the effectiveness of an 8-week program of intensive hand training with functional electrical stimulation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01086930 (12th March 2010)ACTRN12609000695202 (12th August 2009).

title: Early intensive hand rehabilitation after XXXX ("Hands On"): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is rising concern over the increasing amount of @entity1 radiation exposure from diagnostic imaging and medical procedures. @entity1 with @entity1790 are at potentially significant risk for radiation exposure due to the need for imaging to manage recurrent stone disease. We reviewed the literature in an attempt to better characterize actual risks and discussed methods to reduce radiation exposure for adult @entity1 with @entity1790 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A PubMed   search was performed using the key words @entity1790 , stones, radiation, fluoroscopy, ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, computerized tomography and shock wave lithotripsy. Additional citations were identified by reviewing reference lists of pertinent articles. RESULTS: A total of 50 relevant articles were included in this review. @entity1 with a first time acute stone event are exposed to a significant amount of radiation. Most radiation is from computerized tomography. @entity1 undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy are exposed to an equal or greater amount of radiation than they received from computerized tomography. Risk factors for increased exposure during percutaneous nephrolithotomy include @entity28 , multiple tracts and a larger stone burden. Ureteroscopy exposes @entity1 to approximately the same amount of radiation as plain x-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder. Risk factors for increased exposure during ureteroscopy include @entity28 and @entity384 . During shock wave lithotripsy the amount of radiation exposure is not well characterized. Interventions to reduce exposure to @entity1 include using ultrasound when possible and implementing low dose computerized tomography protocols. The as low as reasonably achievable principle of radiation exposure should always be followed when fluoroscopy is performed. The use of an air retrograde pyelogram may also reduce exposure during percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Fluoroscopy time during ureteroscopy may be decreased by a laser guided C-arm, a dedicated C-arm technician, stent placement under direct vision and tactile feedback to help guide wire placement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1790 are at significant risk for increased radiation exposure from the imaging and fluoroscopy used during treatment. The true risks of low radiation exposure remain uncertain. It is important to be aware of these risks to provide better counseling for @entity1 . Urologists must also be familiar with techniques to decrease radiation exposure for @entity1 with @entity1790 .

title: Radiation Exposure during the Evaluation and Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral dilation']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1790 :: (MESH:D053040,Disease) :: ['Nephrolithiasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Persistent @entity120 (P-PH) after mitral valve replacement (MVR) leads to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We sought to determine which factors were involved in its occurrence. @entity1 undergoing MVR for a 3-year period were collected in a retrospective way. We excluded those with an available follow-up shorter than 3  months. Sample size was 111 @entity1 . PH was diagnosed if systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) estimated by Doppler echocardiography was >40  mmHg. Clinical, echocardiographic, and surgical factors were analyzed. P-PH was present in 42.3  % of @entity1 after 12.6  months of mean follow-up. P-PH was more frequently observed in elderly and female @entity1 , in those with severe degrees of PH before surgery, and significant @entity997 ( @entity997 ). On multivariable analysis, significant @entity997 (OR 1.739; p  =  0.01) and more severe degrees of PH before surgery (OR 1.761; p  =  0.03) were significantly associated with the presence of P-PH after MVR. Surgical factors related to P-PH were prosthesis size and tricuspid annuloplasty: no need for the performing of tricuspid annuloplasty (OR 0.345; p  =  0.025) and the implantation of a smaller prosthesis (OR 0.656; p  =  0.004) were related to higher rates of P-PH after MVR. MVR was associated with high prevalence of P-PH after mid-term follow-up. Both PH and significant @entity997 before surgery were associated with P-PH. Our data point out that MVR should be planned before the development of PH and greater @entity997 . Smaller prosthetic size is also a risk factor for P-PH and bigger prostheses are desirable when possible.

title: Predictors of persistent XXXX after mitral valve replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: Yearling heifers were actively immunized against 8 mg @entity73099 -ovalbumin in Non-Ulcerative Freund's Adjuvant, with or without the addition of Corynebacterium parvum (Groups A and B, respectively; N = 4 for each group). After the priming injection, Groups A and B were boosted twice at 4-monthly intervals. Control heifers (N = 9) were not injected. All treated animals except one gave a measurable antibody response, and all responding animals became anoestrous and displayed @entity42 after the first booster injection. There were no apparent differences between treatments, and so results for Groups A and B were pooled. At 25 weeks after the second booster 3 of the 7 responding, anoestrous heifers resumed cyclicity; one with two consecutive double ovulations, and one with one double ovulation. The 3rd heifer showed 4 corpora lutea, then became anoestrus again. The 4 remaining acyclic heifers, and the control heifers, were intensively blood sampled; the anoestrous heifers showed significantly higher mean LH and significantly lower mean FSH concentrations and higher LH pulse frequency than did the control animals. These heifers remained anoestrous for 11 months after the second booster, at which point they were injected with @entity1176 and PGF-2 alpha; only 1 heifer resumed ovarian cyclicity. These results indicate that it is possible to increase ovarian activity in @entity291 by active immunization against @entity251 , but that there is a high incidence of anoestrus.

title: Reproductive and endocrine effects of active immunization against a XXXX conjugate in the heifer.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity73099 :: ('MESH:C067733', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone-3-carboxymethyloxime']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies report that early palliative care is associated with clinical benefits, but there is limited evidence on economic impact. This article addresses the research question: Does timing of palliative care have an impact on its effect on cost? @entity1 AND METHODS: Using a prospective, observational design, clinical and cost data were collected for adult @entity1 with an advanced @entity5 diagnosis admitted to five US hospitals from 2007 to 2011. The sample for economic evaluation was 969 @entity1 ; 256 were seen by a palliative care consultation team, and 713 received usual care only. Subsamples were created according to time to consult after admission. Propensity score weights were calculated, matching the treatment and comparison arms specific to each subsample on observed confounders. Generalized linear models with a y distribution and a log link were applied to estimate the mean treatment effect on cost within subsamples. RESULTS: Earlier consultation is associated with a larger effect on total direct cost. Intervention within 6 days is estimated to reduce costs by - 1,312 (95% CI, - 2,568 to - 56; P = .04) compared with no intervention and intervention within 2 days by - 2,280 (95% CI, - 3,438 to - 1,122; P < .001); these reductions are equivalent to a 14% and a 24% reduction, respectively, in cost of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Earlier palliative care consultation during hospital admission is associated with lower cost of hospital stay for @entity1 admitted with an advanced @entity5 diagnosis. These findings are consistent with a growing body of research on quality and survival suggesting that early palliative care should be more widely implemented.

title: Prospective Cohort Study of Hospital Palliative Care Teams for Inpatients With XXXX : Earlier Consultation Is Associated With Larger Cost-Saving Effect.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Advanced Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Combinations of stressors occur regularly throughout an animal's life, especially in agriculture and aquaculture settings. If an animal fails to acclimate to these stressors, stress becomes chronic, and a condition of allostatic overload arises with negative results for animal welfare. In the current study we describe effects of exposing @entity12178 parr to the unpredictable chronic stressor (UCS) paradigm for three weeks. The paradigm involves exposure of fish to 7 unpredictable stressors three times a day. At the end of the trial, experimental and control fish were challenged with yet another novel stressor and sampled before and 1   h after that challenge. Plasma @entity701 decreased steadily over time in stressed fish, indicative of exhaustion of the endocrine stress axis. This was confirmed by a lower @entity701 response to the novel stressor at the end of the stress period in chronically stressed fish compared to the control group. In the preoptic area (POA) and pituitary gland, chronic stress resulted in decreased gene expression of 11bhsd2, gr1 and gr2 in POA and increased expression of those genes in the pituitary gland. POA crf expression and pituitary expression of pomcs and mr increased, whereas interrenal gene expression was unaffected. Exposure to the novel stressor had no effect on POA and interrenal gene expression. In the pituitary, crfr1, pomcs, 11bhsd2, grs and mr were down-regulated. In summary, our results provide a novel overview of the dynamic changes that occur at every level of the @entity10076 as a result of chronic stress in @entity12178 .

title: Stress in XXXX : response to unpredictable chronic stress.

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity12178 :: (8030,Species) :: ['Atlantic salmon']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) versus @entity2982 ( @entity2982 ) in The Netherlands. DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a randomized, multicenter clinical trial. METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 with corneal stromal pathologic features not affecting the endothelium were included with 28 @entity1 in the @entity9762 group and 25 in the @entity2982 group. Quality of life was measured before surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The main outcome measures were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios per clinically improved @entity1 on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire and per @entity1 with endothelial cell loss of maximally 20% within the first year. RESULTS: Mean total bootstrapped costs per @entity1 were    7607 (US 10,498) in the @entity9762 group and    6552 (US 9042) in the @entity2982 group. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were    9977 (US 13,768) per clinically improved @entity1 on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire and    6900 (US 9522) per @entity1 with cell loss of maximally 20%. In @entity1 without perforation of the Descemet membrane, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was    5250 (US 7245) per @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that @entity9762 is more costly and more effective as compared with @entity2982 . Results on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire were in favor of @entity9762 , and endothelial cell loss in @entity9762 @entity1 remained stable after 6 months, whereas cell loss in @entity2982 @entity1 continued. Furthermore, @entity9762 procedures performed without perforation of the Descemet membrane were more effective. However, because it is unknown what society is willing to pay for an additional improved @entity1 , cost effectiveness of @entity9762 within a limited follow-up period of 12 months is unclear. Cost effectiveness of @entity9762 may improve over time because of lower graft failure.

title: Economic evaluation of XXXX versus @entity2982 in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty', 'DALK']

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating keratoplasty', 'PK']

answer: @entity9762 :: (MESH:C535342,Disease) :: ['deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) versus @entity2982 ( @entity2982 ) in The Netherlands. DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a randomized, multicenter clinical trial. METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 with corneal stromal pathologic features not affecting the endothelium were included with 28 @entity1 in the @entity9762 group and 25 in the @entity2982 group. Quality of life was measured before surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The main outcome measures were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios per clinically improved @entity1 on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire and per @entity1 with endothelial cell loss of maximally 20% within the first year. RESULTS: Mean total bootstrapped costs per @entity1 were    7607 (US 10,498) in the @entity9762 group and    6552 (US 9042) in the @entity2982 group. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were    9977 (US 13,768) per clinically improved @entity1 on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire and    6900 (US 9522) per @entity1 with cell loss of maximally 20%. In @entity1 without perforation of the Descemet membrane, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was    5250 (US 7245) per @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that @entity9762 is more costly and more effective as compared with @entity2982 . Results on the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire were in favor of @entity9762 , and endothelial cell loss in @entity9762 @entity1 remained stable after 6 months, whereas cell loss in @entity2982 @entity1 continued. Furthermore, @entity9762 procedures performed without perforation of the Descemet membrane were more effective. However, because it is unknown what society is willing to pay for an additional improved @entity1 , cost effectiveness of @entity9762 within a limited follow-up period of 12 months is unclear. Cost effectiveness of @entity9762 may improve over time because of lower graft failure.

title: Economic evaluation of @entity9762 versus XXXX in The Netherlands.

answer: @entity2982 :: (MESH:D020197,Disease) :: ['penetrating keratoplasty']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity12120 is the term given to a white patch or plaque that is found mainly on the oral mucus membrane. It can occasionally be seen on the corneal surface. We report our clinical and histopathological findings in a case of @entity2687 . METHODS: A 26-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of a white patch on her right @entity267 that continued to expand. She first noticed the white patch when she was 20 years old, and the white patch had expanded to cover the pupillary area affecting her vision. After plastic surgery on both eyelids for bilateral entropion to alleviate the @entity158 caused by the eyelashes rubbing the @entity267 , the white corneal patch decreased in size. Because of this reduction, we performed surgery to remove the patch with microforceps under topical anesthesia. The plaque was removed easily and completely, and submitted for histopathological examination. RESULTS: Histopathological examination showed that the specimen had characteristics of epidermis with a basal cell layer, spinous cell layer, granular cell layer, and horny layer with @entity5656 . She was diagnosed with @entity12120 of the corneal surface. The basic structure of the squamous cell layer was preserved, and there were no signs of @entity4648 . Six months after the removal of the @entity12120 , no recurrence was seen and her corrected decimal visual acuity recovered to 1.0. CONCLUSION: Our case of @entity2687 without limbal involvement was most likely caused by chronic irritation of the @entity267 by the eyelashes. Although it was totally removed with good recovery of vision, we continue to follow the @entity1 because of the potential of malignant transformation.

title: Unilateral corneal XXXX without limbal involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral corneal leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia', 'Leukoplakia']

answer: @entity12120 :: (MESH:D007971,Disease) :: ['leukoplakia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery has greatly improved surgical outcome in many areas of abdominal surgery. But many concerns of safety have limited its application in @entity1661 . We hypothesized that laparoscopy could be safe and efficacious in treatment of @entity1 with @entity1661 , and reduce the laparotomy related complications (i.e. wound @entity281 , @entity158 , or long hospital stay) as avoiding unnecessary laparotomy. METHODS: From January 2006 to August 2012, a total of 111 @entity1 underwent emergent surgical exploration (laparoscopic, 41; open laparotomy, 70) in Andong General Hospital. Of the 41 @entity1 subjected to laparoscopy, 30 @entity1 had suffered blunt @entity130 , the remaining 11 @entity1 had sustained penetrating @entity130 . 31 @entity1 were treated exclusively by laparoscopy and 10 @entity1 underwent laparoscopy-assisted surgery. RESULTS: The conversion rate was 18%. Major complication was none without postoperative mortality. Comparing laparoscopic surgery with open laparotomy, @entity2737 , early gas passage, and shorter hospital stay. Otherwise operative times were similar, and neither approach was complicated by missed @entity3511 . CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery can be performed safely whether injuries are blunt or penetrating, given hemodynamic stability and proper technique. @entity1 may thus benefit from the shorter hospital stays, greater postoperative comfort ( @entity158 ), quicker recoveries, and low morbidity/mortality rates that laparoscopy affords.

title: Laparoscopic surgery in XXXX : a single center review of a 7-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['lesser wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['injury or postoperative intra-abdominal abscess']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) and @entity583 are the two most common causes of @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ). At present, lethal @entity548 makes thrombolytic therapy underused during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, despite the potential benefits for these underlying conditions. @entity49 of the blood in @entity792 (such as @entity5506 ) carries a risk of @entity1151 . It is critical to find out the etiology of @entity1167 for timely thrombolytic intervention. METHODS: A 23-year-old @entity1 with a 10-year medical history of @entity5506 suffered from @entity1167 in our emergency intensive care unit. ECG and echocardiogram indicated the possibility of @entity1151 , so fibrinolytic therapy (alteplase) was successful during prolonged resuscitation. RESULTS: Neurological recovery of the @entity1 was generally good, and no fatal @entity548 developed. @entity1151 was documented by CT pulmonary angiography. CONCLUSIONS: A medical history of @entity792 poses a risk of PE, and the causes of @entity1167 (such as this) should be investigated etiologically. A therapy with alteplase may be used early during cardiopulmonary resuscitation once there is presumptive evidence of PE. Clinical trials are needed in this setting to study @entity1 with @entity49 states.

title: Thrombolysis during extended cardiopulmonary resuscitation for autoimmune-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable', 'Hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['MPE', 'Massive pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: The survival and the interactions of selected, hygienically relevant bacterial species in activated @entity505 filters was investigated. The numbers of @entity526 , @entity796 and @entity15250 increased in previously sterilized filters. After inoculation all bacteria (10(6] were adsorbed. During a period of 6-10 days the filter effluent contained no detectable bacteria. After that the colony numbers increased to a constant level of 10(4)-10(5) colony forming units (CFU)/ml effluent and 10(6)-10(7) CFU/g activated @entity505 . @entity3274 and @entity797 died off in the filter system. If the filters were inoculated simultaneously with two species, @entity15250 and @entity796 remained at a constant level between 10(4) and 10(5) CFU/ml. @entity526 was suppressed by @entity796 and died off in the presence of @entity15250 . As in-vitro tests indicated, @entity15250 did not produce inhibitory substances against @entity796 or @entity526 . On the other hand, @entity796 showed antagonistic activities against @entity526 .

title: [Ability to survive and interactions of selected bacterial species in activated XXXX filters].

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the combined oral contraceptive (COC) @entity2082 ( @entity46161 ) 20  g/ @entity4863 3 mg taken in a 24/4-day regimen (ie, 4-day hormone-free interval) is more effective than an @entity46161 20  g/ @entity7281 (DSG) 150  g COC taken in a 21/7-day regimen (ie, 7-day hormone-free interval) in reducing @entity3347 ( @entity3347 ). METHODS: This double-blind, randomized study (NLM identifier: NCT01076582) was conducted at 34 centers in 12 countries. Otherwise healthy @entity1 who experienced >= 2 @entity3347 of @entity10 , @entity2371 , and/or bloating when using their current COCs in a 21/7-day regimen were recruited. Subjects rated the severity of their @entity3347 daily on a seven-point Likert scale during a baseline cycle and during four 28-day cycles with @entity46161 / @entity4863 24/4 (n=290) or @entity46161 /DSG 21/7 (n=304). The primary variable was the mean change from baseline to cycle 4 in the composite @entity3347 score (sum of scores for all three symptoms) during cycle days 22-28. RESULTS: In the @entity46161 / @entity4863 24/4 group, the mean (standard deviation) composite @entity3347 score during cycle days 22-28 was reduced from 42.2 (24.8) at baseline to 12.8 (13.4) at cycle 4 (change from baseline: -30.3 [22.9]). In the @entity46161 /DSG 21/7 group, the corresponding value was reduced from 41.9 (25.8) to 14.3 (13.2) (change from baseline: -27.7 [24.8]), not significantly different versus @entity46161 / @entity4863 24/4. Bleeding pattern, treatment response, rescue medication use, compliance, quality of life, and tolerability were similar between treatments. CONCLUSION: Both @entity46161 / @entity4863 24/4 and @entity46161 /DSG 21/7 reduced the composite @entity3347 score from baseline to cycle 4 in otherwise healthy @entity1 . The differences between treatments were too small to be statistically significant.

title: Hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms with XXXX 20  g/ @entity4863 3 mg (24/4 regimen) versus @entity2082 20  g/desogestrel 150  g (21/7 regimen).

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['HWAS', 'hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity4863 :: ('MESH:C035144', 'Chemical') :: ['drospirenone']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity7281 :: ('MESH:D017135', 'Chemical') :: ['desogestrel']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinylestradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the combined oral contraceptive (COC) @entity2082 ( @entity46161 ) 20  g/ @entity4863 3 mg taken in a 24/4-day regimen (ie, 4-day hormone-free interval) is more effective than an @entity46161 20  g/ @entity7281 (DSG) 150  g COC taken in a 21/7-day regimen (ie, 7-day hormone-free interval) in reducing @entity3347 ( @entity3347 ). METHODS: This double-blind, randomized study (NLM identifier: NCT01076582) was conducted at 34 centers in 12 countries. Otherwise healthy @entity1 who experienced >= 2 @entity3347 of @entity10 , @entity2371 , and/or bloating when using their current COCs in a 21/7-day regimen were recruited. Subjects rated the severity of their @entity3347 daily on a seven-point Likert scale during a baseline cycle and during four 28-day cycles with @entity46161 / @entity4863 24/4 (n=290) or @entity46161 /DSG 21/7 (n=304). The primary variable was the mean change from baseline to cycle 4 in the composite @entity3347 score (sum of scores for all three symptoms) during cycle days 22-28. RESULTS: In the @entity46161 / @entity4863 24/4 group, the mean (standard deviation) composite @entity3347 score during cycle days 22-28 was reduced from 42.2 (24.8) at baseline to 12.8 (13.4) at cycle 4 (change from baseline: -30.3 [22.9]). In the @entity46161 /DSG 21/7 group, the corresponding value was reduced from 41.9 (25.8) to 14.3 (13.2) (change from baseline: -27.7 [24.8]), not significantly different versus @entity46161 / @entity4863 24/4. Bleeding pattern, treatment response, rescue medication use, compliance, quality of life, and tolerability were similar between treatments. CONCLUSION: Both @entity46161 / @entity4863 24/4 and @entity46161 /DSG 21/7 reduced the composite @entity3347 score from baseline to cycle 4 in otherwise healthy @entity1 . The differences between treatments were too small to be statistically significant.

title: Hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms with @entity2082 20  g/ @entity4863 3 mg (24/4 regimen) versus XXXX 20  g/desogestrel 150  g (21/7 regimen).

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinylestradiol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the combined oral contraceptive (COC) @entity2082 ( @entity46161 ) 20  g/ @entity4863 3 mg taken in a 24/4-day regimen (ie, 4-day hormone-free interval) is more effective than an @entity46161 20  g/ @entity7281 (DSG) 150  g COC taken in a 21/7-day regimen (ie, 7-day hormone-free interval) in reducing @entity3347 ( @entity3347 ). METHODS: This double-blind, randomized study (NLM identifier: NCT01076582) was conducted at 34 centers in 12 countries. Otherwise healthy @entity1 who experienced >= 2 @entity3347 of @entity10 , @entity2371 , and/or bloating when using their current COCs in a 21/7-day regimen were recruited. Subjects rated the severity of their @entity3347 daily on a seven-point Likert scale during a baseline cycle and during four 28-day cycles with @entity46161 / @entity4863 24/4 (n=290) or @entity46161 /DSG 21/7 (n=304). The primary variable was the mean change from baseline to cycle 4 in the composite @entity3347 score (sum of scores for all three symptoms) during cycle days 22-28. RESULTS: In the @entity46161 / @entity4863 24/4 group, the mean (standard deviation) composite @entity3347 score during cycle days 22-28 was reduced from 42.2 (24.8) at baseline to 12.8 (13.4) at cycle 4 (change from baseline: -30.3 [22.9]). In the @entity46161 /DSG 21/7 group, the corresponding value was reduced from 41.9 (25.8) to 14.3 (13.2) (change from baseline: -27.7 [24.8]), not significantly different versus @entity46161 / @entity4863 24/4. Bleeding pattern, treatment response, rescue medication use, compliance, quality of life, and tolerability were similar between treatments. CONCLUSION: Both @entity46161 / @entity4863 24/4 and @entity46161 /DSG 21/7 reduced the composite @entity3347 score from baseline to cycle 4 in otherwise healthy @entity1 . The differences between treatments were too small to be statistically significant.

title: Hormone withdrawal-associated symptoms with @entity2082 20  g/ XXXX 3 mg (24/4 regimen) versus @entity2082 20  g/desogestrel 150  g (21/7 regimen).

answer: @entity4863 :: (MESH:C035144,Chemical) :: ['drospirenone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examines outcomes in a national sample of @entity1 undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) for @entity472 , with particular focus on advanced-age @entity1 and those with extreme @entity221 ( @entity221 ). METHODS: Data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and included all @entity1 undergoing AVRs performed from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2008. @entity1 with major concomitant cardiac procedures, as well as those aged, 20 years, and those with @entity884 or @entity337 without @entity472 , were excluded from analysis. The analysis included 13,497 @entity1 . @entity1 were stratified by age and further stratified by All @entity1 Refined Diagnosis Related Group @entity221 into mild/moderate, major, and extreme subgroups. RESULTS: Overall in-hospital mortality was 2.96% (n=399); in-hospital mortality for the >= 80-year-old group (n=139, 4.78%) was significantly higher than the 20- to 49-year-old (n=9, 0.84%, P<0.001) or 50- to 79-year-old (n=251, 2.64%, P<0.001) groups. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the extreme @entity221 group (n=296, 15.33%) than in the minor/moderate (n=22, 0.35%, P<0.001) and major @entity221 groups (n=81, 1.51%, P<0.001). Median in-hospital costs in the mild/moderate, major, and extreme @entity221 strata were  29,202.08,  36,035.13, and  57,572.92, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the minor, moderate, and major @entity221 groups, in-hospital mortality and costs are low regardless of age; these groups represent >85% of @entity1 undergoing isolated AVR for @entity472 . Conversely, in @entity1 classified as having extreme @entity221 , surgical therapy is associated with exceedingly high inpatient mortality, low home discharge rates, and high resource utilization, particularly in the advanced age group.

title: The impact of age and @entity221 on outcomes after isolated aortic valve replacement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['severity of comorbid illness', 'SOI']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examines outcomes in a national sample of @entity1 undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement (AVR) for @entity472 , with particular focus on advanced-age @entity1 and those with extreme @entity221 ( @entity221 ). METHODS: Data were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and included all @entity1 undergoing AVRs performed from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2008. @entity1 with major concomitant cardiac procedures, as well as those aged, 20 years, and those with @entity884 or @entity337 without @entity472 , were excluded from analysis. The analysis included 13,497 @entity1 . @entity1 were stratified by age and further stratified by All @entity1 Refined Diagnosis Related Group @entity221 into mild/moderate, major, and extreme subgroups. RESULTS: Overall in-hospital mortality was 2.96% (n=399); in-hospital mortality for the >= 80-year-old group (n=139, 4.78%) was significantly higher than the 20- to 49-year-old (n=9, 0.84%, P<0.001) or 50- to 79-year-old (n=251, 2.64%, P<0.001) groups. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the extreme @entity221 group (n=296, 15.33%) than in the minor/moderate (n=22, 0.35%, P<0.001) and major @entity221 groups (n=81, 1.51%, P<0.001). Median in-hospital costs in the mild/moderate, major, and extreme @entity221 strata were  29,202.08,  36,035.13, and  57,572.92, respectively. CONCLUSION: In the minor, moderate, and major @entity221 groups, in-hospital mortality and costs are low regardless of age; these groups represent >85% of @entity1 undergoing isolated AVR for @entity472 . Conversely, in @entity1 classified as having extreme @entity221 , surgical therapy is associated with exceedingly high inpatient mortality, low home discharge rates, and high resource utilization, particularly in the advanced age group.

title: The impact of age and XXXX on outcomes after isolated aortic valve replacement for @entity472 .

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['severity of comorbid illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test ( @entity73100 ) is a brief screening test for assessing the expressive and receptive language abilities in @entity1 with @entity2026 . The objective of the study was to develop and validate the Persian version of the @entity73100 ( @entity73100 ) as a screening test for @entity3180 in @entity1 with post- @entity64 @entity2026 . METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design to cross-culturally adapt the @entity73100 following the guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of measures. A total of 40 subjects (20 @entity1 with post- @entity64 @entity2026 and 20 healthy subjects) were included. The @entity73100 was tested for floor or ceiling effects, internal consistency reliability, intra-rater reliability, discriminative validity, and factor structure. RESULTS: There were no floor or ceiling effects for @entity73100 total score. The @entity73100 yielded values for internal consistency reliability that were not adequate (Cronbach's alpha 0.64 and 0.66 for test and retest, respectively. The intra-rater reliability of the @entity73100 within a 7 day-interval was excellent for total score (ICC agreement = 0.96) and both expressive index (ICC = 0.95) and receptive index (ICC agreement = 0.98). here were statistically significant differences in @entity73100 total scores and both indexes between @entity1 and healthy subjects suggesting the discriminative validity of the @entity73100 (P < 0.001). Factor analysis revealed a 3-factor solution, which jointly accounted for 72.06% of the total variance. Additional factor analysis suggested 6-item @entity73100 as a unidimensional measure. CONCLUSION: The @entity73100 is useful as a valid and reliable screening tool for evaluation of language abilities in Persian speaking @entity1 with @entity2026 after @entity64 .

title: Development, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Persian Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test in @entity1 with post- @entity64 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3180 :: ('MESH:D007806', 'Disease') :: ['language disorders']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test ( @entity73100 ) is a brief screening test for assessing the expressive and receptive language abilities in @entity1 with @entity2026 . The objective of the study was to develop and validate the Persian version of the @entity73100 ( @entity73100 ) as a screening test for @entity3180 in @entity1 with post- @entity64 @entity2026 . METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design to cross-culturally adapt the @entity73100 following the guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of measures. A total of 40 subjects (20 @entity1 with post- @entity64 @entity2026 and 20 healthy subjects) were included. The @entity73100 was tested for floor or ceiling effects, internal consistency reliability, intra-rater reliability, discriminative validity, and factor structure. RESULTS: There were no floor or ceiling effects for @entity73100 total score. The @entity73100 yielded values for internal consistency reliability that were not adequate (Cronbach's alpha 0.64 and 0.66 for test and retest, respectively. The intra-rater reliability of the @entity73100 within a 7 day-interval was excellent for total score (ICC agreement = 0.96) and both expressive index (ICC = 0.95) and receptive index (ICC agreement = 0.98). here were statistically significant differences in @entity73100 total scores and both indexes between @entity1 and healthy subjects suggesting the discriminative validity of the @entity73100 (P < 0.001). Factor analysis revealed a 3-factor solution, which jointly accounted for 72.06% of the total variance. Additional factor analysis suggested 6-item @entity73100 as a unidimensional measure. CONCLUSION: The @entity73100 is useful as a valid and reliable screening tool for evaluation of language abilities in Persian speaking @entity1 with @entity2026 after @entity64 .

title: Development, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Persian Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test in @entity1 with post- XXXX @entity2026 .

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test ( @entity73100 ) is a brief screening test for assessing the expressive and receptive language abilities in @entity1 with @entity2026 . The objective of the study was to develop and validate the Persian version of the @entity73100 ( @entity73100 ) as a screening test for @entity3180 in @entity1 with post- @entity64 @entity2026 . METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design to cross-culturally adapt the @entity73100 following the guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of measures. A total of 40 subjects (20 @entity1 with post- @entity64 @entity2026 and 20 healthy subjects) were included. The @entity73100 was tested for floor or ceiling effects, internal consistency reliability, intra-rater reliability, discriminative validity, and factor structure. RESULTS: There were no floor or ceiling effects for @entity73100 total score. The @entity73100 yielded values for internal consistency reliability that were not adequate (Cronbach's alpha 0.64 and 0.66 for test and retest, respectively. The intra-rater reliability of the @entity73100 within a 7 day-interval was excellent for total score (ICC agreement = 0.96) and both expressive index (ICC = 0.95) and receptive index (ICC agreement = 0.98). here were statistically significant differences in @entity73100 total scores and both indexes between @entity1 and healthy subjects suggesting the discriminative validity of the @entity73100 (P < 0.001). Factor analysis revealed a 3-factor solution, which jointly accounted for 72.06% of the total variance. Additional factor analysis suggested 6-item @entity73100 as a unidimensional measure. CONCLUSION: The @entity73100 is useful as a valid and reliable screening tool for evaluation of language abilities in Persian speaking @entity1 with @entity2026 after @entity64 .

title: Development, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Persian Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test in XXXX with post- @entity64 @entity2026 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is the most frequent and devastating primary @entity1313 in adults. Despite current treatment modalities, such as surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, only modest improvements in median survival have been achieved. Frequent recurrence and invasiveness of @entity463 are likely due to the resistance of @entity11 stem cells to conventional treatments; therefore, novel alternative treatment strategies are desperately needed. Recent advancements in molecular biology and gene technology have provided attractive novel treatment possibilities for @entity1 with @entity463 . Gene therapy is defined as a technology that aims to modify the genetic complement of cells to obtain therapeutic benefit. To date, gene therapy for the treatment of @entity463 has demonstrated anti- @entity5 efficacy in pre-clinical studies and promising safety profiles in clinical studies. However, while this approach is obviously promising, concerns still exist regarding issues associated with transduction efficiency, viral delivery, the pathologic response of the brain, and treatment efficacy. @entity5 development and progression involve alterations in a wide spectrum of genes, therefore a variety of gene therapy approaches for @entity463 have been proposed. Improved viral vectors are being evaluated, and the potential use of gene therapy alone or in synergy with other treatments against @entity463 are being studied. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly studied gene therapy approaches for the treatment of @entity463 in preclinical and clinical studies including: prodrug/suicide gene therapy; oncolytic gene therapy; cytokine mediated gene therapy; and @entity5 suppressor gene therapy. In addition, we review the principles and mechanisms of current gene therapy strategies as well as advantages and disadvantages of each.

title: Gene therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma multiforme']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant glioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The authors have previously described long-term outcomes related to the skin in @entity1 surviving large burns. The objective of this study was to describe the @entity85 following major @entity130 . This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that includes a one-time evaluation of 98 burn survivors (mean age = 47 years; mean TBSA = 57%; and mean time from injury = 17 years), who consented to participate in the study. A comprehensive history and physical examination was conducted by a senior and experienced Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation physician. In addition to completing a Medical Problem Checklist, subjects also completed the Burn-Specific Health Scale (Abbreviated 80 item), a self-report measure used to review the level of functional adaptation. Joint @entity158 , joint stiffness, problems walking or running, fatigue, and weak arms and hands are conditions that continue to be reported at an average of 17 years from the time of @entity130 . Seventy-three percent (68 of 93) of the study sample were found to have a limitation of motion and areas most affected were the neck (47%), hands (45%), and axilla (38%). The global (Burn-Specific Health Scale-total) score for the overall sample was 0.78. Subjects with limitation of motion had significant difficulty in areas of mobility, self-care, hand function, and role activities. This study underscores the importance of long-term follow-up care and therapeutic interventions for survivors of major @entity130 , as they continue to have significant and persistent @entity73 even several years following injury.

title: Long-Term Outcomes in XXXX Surviving Large Burns: The Musculoskeletal System.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['burn-related impairments']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['long-term musculoskeletal complications']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The causes of vascular ischaemic accidents are numerous, and when the brain is involved management is limited to the prevention of similar events. Since cardiac sources of @entity887 potentially curable, we have prospectively analyzed the results of cardiovascular examinations (including ECG and radiography of the chest) and of echocardiography in 102 @entity1 with cerebral or peripheral vascular ischaemic event in order to determine the impact of echocardiography and the influence of different diagnoses on the need for anticoagulant therapy. Intracardiac thrombi, @entity4794 , @entity384 , severe @entity1002 with or without @entity439 and @entity299 were regarded as diseases carrying a high risk of @entity887 , the low risk diseases being @entity3454 , @entity730 and isolated left @entity384 . @entity955 was treated separately, as it may be associated with several of the diseases listed above. We found 14 diseases with a high risk of @entity887 (14 p. 100) and 35 diseases with a low risk of @entity887 (34 p. 100). 10/91 @entity1 with @entity64 (11 p. 100) and 4/11 @entity1 with peripheral vascular accident presented with a @entity299 carrying a high risk of @entity887 . The most common @entity299 with a high risk of @entity887 (10/14, 71 p. 100) was severe @entity1002 secondary to a @entity301 or a @entity384 . We did not find more cases of @entity3454 or @entity730 than in the normal population. 20/29 @entity1 with normal cardiac examination had a normal echocardiogram. The anticoagulant treatment was modified after echocardiography in only one case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Echocardiographic discoveries in 102 XXXX with vascular cerebral accidents].

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vascular accident']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['atrial dilatation', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valve vegetations', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['mitral annulus calcification']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In the bronchial mucus of @entity1 with long-term @entity1224 free elastolytic activities are observed. These originate from leucocytes with polymorphous nuclei and may cause the digestion of lung tissue and thus an @entity358 . It is known that the supersensitivity of bronchial musculature increases due to the influence of proteolytic ferments. For the inhibition of elastolytic enzymes, specific, acid-proof, low-molecular inhibitory substances are available. We were able to measure three of them in bronchial mucus against different substrates; i.e. against substrates for trypsin, pancreas elastase and leucocyte elastase. Our results show that the free inhibitor preparation decreases if free elastolytic activity in bronchial mucus is measured and is no longer available if the concentration decreases. It was also found that the concentration of secretory IGA decreases if the elastolytic activity increases. Thus, it is possible that the secretory IGA molecule is attacked by proteolytic enzymes. It is known that in case of chronic obstructive airway diseases lysozyme is released from leucocytes with polymorphous nuclei; in case of @entity5636 , from macrophages as well. In this study, the lysozyme concentration served as measurement for cell decomposition. The observation showed that in spite of the same lysozyme levels the elastolytic activity in @entity1 can be very different. It is in strong connection with the available inhibitor capacity. Regarding the clinical evaluation can be concluded that some @entity1 show a lack of secretory inhibitors. On a long-term basis, this lack can lead to the formation of emphysemata.

title: Inhibitor activity against elastolytic enzymes in the bronchial area. A contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['emphysematous lung metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity5636 :: ('MESH:D012829', 'Disease') :: ['silicosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity686 is a newly described cytokine, member of type III interferons family, which is known for its antiviral, anti-proliferative and antitumor activity. Recent studies indicated that this cytokine has also immune-regulatory function, but its role in the pathogenesis of @entity792 is not established yet. We evaluated serum levels of @entity686 in @entity785 ( @entity785 ) @entity1 and healthy controls and its association with @entity379 and clinical manifestations. METHODS: @entity686 and @entity379 serum levels were measured by ELISA from 52 @entity1 with @entity785 and 53 healthy controls. Association of cytokines serum levels was sought with clinical parameters. RESULTS: @entity686 and @entity379 levels in @entity785 @entity1 were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals (24.82        8.78 and 11.04        3.04   pg/ml, p   <   0.0001; 34.11        8.11 and 10.73        2.77   pg/ml, p   <   0.0001, respectively). We found a positive correlation between @entity686 and @entity379 levels in @entity785 @entity1 (p   =   0.0103, r   =   0.3526). @entity379 levels were associated with muscle involvement (p   =   0.0483). CONCLUSION: We first showed raised @entity686 levels in @entity785 @entity1 . Furthermore, we found a correlation between @entity686 and @entity379 levels and an association between @entity379 and @entity5442 . Additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to understand @entity686 role in @entity785 .

title: Interferons and XXXX : correlation between interferon gamma and interferon-lambda 1 (IL-29).

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: Naturally occurring acute @entity2401 in puppies 3 to 8 weeks of age was characterised clinically by @entity944 or @entity204 following a brief period of dyspnoea. Mortality within litters varied from 20% to 100%. The principal lesion was in the myocardium, which in most cases was mottled by pale patches and bands. Moderate to severe @entity4 with marked peribronchial and perivascular @entity4 was present. In some cases, the wall of the gall bladder was oedematous. Microscopically the ventricular myocardium had myofibre loss, multifocal myofibre @entity39 , a mononuclear cell infiltrate of variable intensity and reactive stromal elements. In every case there were Feulgen-positive, amphophilic, and reactive stromal elements. In every case there were Feulgen-positive, amphophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies in myocardial nuclei. Ultrastructurally the inclusions were composed of dense granular material and particles resembling parvovirions. @entity358 were thickened by fibroblasts. Peribronchial and perivascular lymphatics were distended with @entity4 fluid and occasionally erythrocytes. The @entity358 were considered secondary to the @entity296 . Some of the puppies that survived the acute disease developed @entity296 and died in @entity712 .

title: Canine XXXX : a morphologic description of the natural disease.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular myocardial fibrosis', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema', 'pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions', 'Pulmonary alveolar septae']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['parvoviral myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['parvoviral myocarditis']


abstract: A case of @entity3538 treated by aneurysmal neck resection and end-to-end @entity254 of the internal carotid artery under the administration of Sendai Cocktail, which is composed of 20% @entity2656 solution, @entity619 and @entity270 and has brain protective effects from @entity63 . The @entity1 , a 55-year-old @entity1 , was admitted to Yonezawa City Hospital on October 11, 1984, with chief complaints of transient consciousness disturbance and left @entity1269 . On admission, no @entity51 was found but pulsatile fixed mass was found in the right submandibular region. CT scan revealed multiple low density areas in the right cerebral hemisphere and right upper cervical mass, which was enhanced in a part. Right carotid angiography revealed @entity3538 . On October 31, 1984, operation was performed. In the operative procedure, it needed temporary occlusion of the right carotid artery for 143 minutes and 14 minutes, because the @entity439 severely adhered to surrounding tissue and extended to the skull base. Collateral circulation through the circle of Willis was poor in this case but @entity63 complication was not found. On November 20, 1984, he discharged without @entity51 . Postoperative angiography, one year after the operation, showed good flow through the site the primary end-to-end @entity254 .

title: [ @entity3538 treated by neck resection and end-to-end XXXX under the administration of brain protective substances].

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: A case of @entity3538 treated by aneurysmal neck resection and end-to-end @entity254 of the internal carotid artery under the administration of Sendai Cocktail, which is composed of 20% @entity2656 solution, @entity619 and @entity270 and has brain protective effects from @entity63 . The @entity1 , a 55-year-old @entity1 , was admitted to Yonezawa City Hospital on October 11, 1984, with chief complaints of transient consciousness disturbance and left @entity1269 . On admission, no @entity51 was found but pulsatile fixed mass was found in the right submandibular region. CT scan revealed multiple low density areas in the right cerebral hemisphere and right upper cervical mass, which was enhanced in a part. Right carotid angiography revealed @entity3538 . On October 31, 1984, operation was performed. In the operative procedure, it needed temporary occlusion of the right carotid artery for 143 minutes and 14 minutes, because the @entity439 severely adhered to surrounding tissue and extended to the skull base. Collateral circulation through the circle of Willis was poor in this case but @entity63 complication was not found. On November 20, 1984, he discharged without @entity51 . Postoperative angiography, one year after the operation, showed good flow through the site the primary end-to-end @entity254 .

title: [ XXXX treated by neck resection and end-to-end @entity254 under the administration of brain protective substances].

answer: @entity3538 :: (MESH:D002341,Disease) :: ['Aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery']


abstract: CONTEXT: Fatigue is the most common sequela among @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) survivors one to six years post-treatment and is associated with functional limitations. OBJECTIVES: This study examined the prevalence, severity, and correlates of @entity1295 among early stage @entity1149 survivors. METHODS: Three-hundred fifty individuals diagnosed and surgically treated for Stage IA or IB @entity1149 completed a survey that included the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) to assess the prevalence and severity of @entity1295 . The Karnofsky Self-Reported Performance Rating scale (SR-KPS) was used as a measure of functional status and was compared with the severity of @entity1295 through Chi-squared analyses. Demographic, psychological, and medical correlates of @entity1295 were examined using logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1295 was 57%. Forty-one percent (n=142) of @entity1 had mild @entity1295 and 16.8% (n=59) had moderate or severe @entity1295 (BFI>= 4). Among the individuals reporting moderate or severe @entity1295 , 23.7% (n=14) had significant functional impairment (SR-KPS <=70%) compared with 2.8% (n=8) with mild or no @entity1295 (  (2)=58.1, P<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, @entity1149 survivors with @entity358 (odds ratio [OR]=2.28), @entity308 (OR=6.99), and @entity148 (OR=2.31) were more likely to report experiencing clinically significant @entity1295 , whereas those who met physical activity guidelines (OR=0.29) reported less @entity1295 . CONCLUSION: Fatigue is highly prevalent among @entity1149 survivors and associated with more functional impairment. A comprehensive approach to the treatment of @entity1295 includes the screening and management of anxious and @entity308 , and @entity358 such as @entity1030 .

title: Fatigue and functional impairment in early-stage XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disorders', 'pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECT: Reports on resection of @entity5 in or near eloquent cortices have noted @entity16 in up to 30% of @entity1 . This paper contains an analysis of symptom resolution and @entity16 following 20-Gy Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for supratentorial brain @entity3 < or = 2 cm in greatest diameter. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 98 consecutively treated adults (33 @entity1 and 65 @entity1 with a median age of 61.4 years at the time of GKS) with Karnofsky Performance Scale score > or = 60, who underwent GKS for supratentorial brain @entity3 < or = 2 cm in diameter. Lesion location was classified as noneloquent (Grade I), near eloquent (Grade II), or eloquent (Grade III), in accordance with the grading system developed by the group at M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center. Following treatment, the @entity1 underwent MR imaging and clinical examinations at 6 weeks and every 3 months thereafter. RESULTS: Ninety-eight @entity1 underwent 20-Gy GKS for 131 @entity3 at initial presentation and 31 @entity1 underwent salvage 20-Gy GKS for 76 new lesions, for a total of 207 lesions (mean lesion volume 0.44 cm3). Lesions were classified as follows: Grade I, 96 (46.4%); Grade II, 51 (24.6%); and Grade III, 60 (29%). Fifteen @entity1 (2 with Grade II and 13 with @entity75 ) presented with deficits referable to their lesions, yielding pre-GKS deficit rates of 7.2% per lesion and 15.3% per @entity1 . The pre-GKS deficits improved or resolved in 10 @entity1 (66.7%) at a median time of 2.8 months and remained stable in 3 @entity1 (20%). Two @entity1 (13.3%) experienced worsened @entity51 . One @entity1 who was neurologically intact prior to treatment developed a new @entity1269 (1 of 83 @entity1 [1.2%]). The rates of permanent @entity16 following GKS for Grades I, II, and III lesions were 0% (0 of 96 @entity5 ), 2% (1 of 51), and 3.3% (2 of 60), respectively. The pre-GKS @entity51 and larger lesions were the most significant risk factors for post-GKS @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: Gamma Knife surgery performed using a 20-Gy dose provides amelioration of @entity51 from brain @entity3 that are < or = 2 cm in diameter and located in or near eloquent cortices in nearly two-thirds of @entity1 with a low incidence of morbidity. Consistent with the surgical literature, higher rates of @entity16 were observed as proximity to eloquent regions and lesion size increased. There was no @entity16 in @entity1 harboring @entity3 in noneloquent areas.

title: XXXX and symptom resolution following Gamma Knife surgery for brain @entity3 2 cm or smaller in relation to eloquent cortices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Grade III lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'neurological complications', 'neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological complications']


abstract: OBJECT: Reports on resection of @entity5 in or near eloquent cortices have noted @entity16 in up to 30% of @entity1 . This paper contains an analysis of symptom resolution and @entity16 following 20-Gy Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for supratentorial brain @entity3 < or = 2 cm in greatest diameter. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 98 consecutively treated adults (33 @entity1 and 65 @entity1 with a median age of 61.4 years at the time of GKS) with Karnofsky Performance Scale score > or = 60, who underwent GKS for supratentorial brain @entity3 < or = 2 cm in diameter. Lesion location was classified as noneloquent (Grade I), near eloquent (Grade II), or eloquent (Grade III), in accordance with the grading system developed by the group at M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center. Following treatment, the @entity1 underwent MR imaging and clinical examinations at 6 weeks and every 3 months thereafter. RESULTS: Ninety-eight @entity1 underwent 20-Gy GKS for 131 @entity3 at initial presentation and 31 @entity1 underwent salvage 20-Gy GKS for 76 new lesions, for a total of 207 lesions (mean lesion volume 0.44 cm3). Lesions were classified as follows: Grade I, 96 (46.4%); Grade II, 51 (24.6%); and Grade III, 60 (29%). Fifteen @entity1 (2 with Grade II and 13 with @entity75 ) presented with deficits referable to their lesions, yielding pre-GKS deficit rates of 7.2% per lesion and 15.3% per @entity1 . The pre-GKS deficits improved or resolved in 10 @entity1 (66.7%) at a median time of 2.8 months and remained stable in 3 @entity1 (20%). Two @entity1 (13.3%) experienced worsened @entity51 . One @entity1 who was neurologically intact prior to treatment developed a new @entity1269 (1 of 83 @entity1 [1.2%]). The rates of permanent @entity16 following GKS for Grades I, II, and III lesions were 0% (0 of 96 @entity5 ), 2% (1 of 51), and 3.3% (2 of 60), respectively. The pre-GKS @entity51 and larger lesions were the most significant risk factors for post-GKS @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: Gamma Knife surgery performed using a 20-Gy dose provides amelioration of @entity51 from brain @entity3 that are < or = 2 cm in diameter and located in or near eloquent cortices in nearly two-thirds of @entity1 with a low incidence of morbidity. Consistent with the surgical literature, higher rates of @entity16 were observed as proximity to eloquent regions and lesion size increased. There was no @entity16 in @entity1 harboring @entity3 in noneloquent areas.

title: @entity16 and symptom resolution following Gamma Knife surgery for brain XXXX 2 cm or smaller in relation to eloquent cortices.

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: In 1982 a two dose regimen was introduced in Sweden for the combined vaccination against measles, mumps, and @entity2462 of @entity1 aged 18 months and 12 years. Since 1977 about half of the preschool @entity1 were vaccinated against measles annually, and since 1974 about 80% of 12 year old @entity1 were vaccinated against @entity2462 . During the period 1982 to 1985 90-93% of the eligible age cohorts of 18 month old @entity1 and 88-91% of the 12 year old @entity1 were immunised with the new combined vaccine. A study in 1982 of about 140 18 month old @entity1 who were nearly all seronegative before vaccination showed that 96%, 92%, and 99% seroconverted against measles, mumps, and @entity2462 , respectively. A second study was carried out in 1983 of 247 12 year old @entity1 , of whom 11% lacked antibodies to measles, 27% to mumps, and 45% to @entity2462 . This showed seroconversion in 82% and 80% against measles and mumps, respectively, and all @entity1 seroconverted against @entity2462 . In the latest study in 1985 of 496 12 year olds 9% and 13% were seronegative against measles and mumps before vaccination, and 41% against @entity2462 . Of these, 88% seroconverted to measles and 80% to mumps, and all converted to @entity2462 when sera were tested by the haemolysis in gel method. After a neutralisation test against measles as well all @entity1 showed immunity to the disease. A low incidence of measles and declining figures for mumps and @entity2462 were reported in 1984 to 1986. An outbreak of @entity2462 during 1985 affected mainly @entity1 in age cohorts in which only the @entity1 had been vaccinated during the 1970s.

title: Swedish experience of two dose vaccination programme aiming at eliminating measles, mumps, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'girls', 'children']

answer: @entity2462 :: (MESH:D012409,Disease) :: ['rubella']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to compare the long-term surgical outcomes of @entity1 with mid and low @entity5 after open or @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ). METHODS: A case-matched controlled prospective analysis of 116 @entity1 who underwent @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) for stage I to III mid and low @entity5 from 2005 to 2010 was performed. Contemporary @entity1 who underwent open rectal surgery were matched to the @entity1104 group at the ratio of 1:1. The perioperative clinical outcomes, postoperative pathology, and survival outcomes were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The @entity1 characteristics between the two groups were comparable. Ninety @entity1 in the open group and 85 in the @entity1104 group received sphincter-preserving surgery. @entity1104 resulted in less @entity190 and wound @entity281 , faster return to oral diet, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and longer operating time. The two groups had similar complication rates. Lymph node retrieval and involvement of circumferential and distal margins were similar for both procedures. Cumulative incidences of locoregional recurrence, disease-free, or overall survival rates were statistically similar. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity1104 for mid and low @entity5 is acceptable in terms of short-term clinical outcomes and long-term survival results.

title: Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery compared with open resection for mid and low XXXX : a case-matched study with long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery', 'HALS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a heterogeneous group of disease and mutational profiling of @entity2220 is a routine practice in thoracic oncology. @entity984 ( @entity984 ) and @entity470 mutations play an important role in the carcinogenesis of a subset of @entity2220 . Our aim was to investigate the correlation between bone @entity3 and @entity470 and @entity984 mutation status in @entity2220 @entity1 . Retrospectively we analysed 224 @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity2220 . @entity1 were treated with standard chemotherapy as first line therapy and with @entity470 -TK inhibitors as a second or third line therapy. 72 of 224 @entity1 (32  %) had verified bone @entity3 . Bone @entity3 and Skeletal Related Events (SRE) were more frequent in @entity1 , heavy smokers and without treatment of @entity470 TK inhibitors. We have found that @entity470 and @entity984 mutation status are both predictive factors for the treatment efficacy and prognostic factors for the disease progression. However there were no significant correlation between mutation status and the presence of bone @entity3 (P   =   0, 59). In our study the presence of bone @entity3 proved to be an independent prognostic factor related to poor performance status and worse Quality of Life (QL).

title: Bone Metastases and the @entity470 and @entity984 Mutation Status in XXXX - The Results of Three Year Retrospective Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['Lung Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a heterogeneous group of disease and mutational profiling of @entity2220 is a routine practice in thoracic oncology. @entity984 ( @entity984 ) and @entity470 mutations play an important role in the carcinogenesis of a subset of @entity2220 . Our aim was to investigate the correlation between bone @entity3 and @entity470 and @entity984 mutation status in @entity2220 @entity1 . Retrospectively we analysed 224 @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity2220 . @entity1 were treated with standard chemotherapy as first line therapy and with @entity470 -TK inhibitors as a second or third line therapy. 72 of 224 @entity1 (32  %) had verified bone @entity3 . Bone @entity3 and Skeletal Related Events (SRE) were more frequent in @entity1 , heavy smokers and without treatment of @entity470 TK inhibitors. We have found that @entity470 and @entity984 mutation status are both predictive factors for the treatment efficacy and prognostic factors for the disease progression. However there were no significant correlation between mutation status and the presence of bone @entity3 (P   =   0, 59). In our study the presence of bone @entity3 proved to be an independent prognostic factor related to poor performance status and worse Quality of Life (QL).

title: Bone Metastases and the XXXX and @entity984 Mutation Status in @entity2220 - The Results of Three Year Retrospective Analysis.

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a heterogeneous group of disease and mutational profiling of @entity2220 is a routine practice in thoracic oncology. @entity984 ( @entity984 ) and @entity470 mutations play an important role in the carcinogenesis of a subset of @entity2220 . Our aim was to investigate the correlation between bone @entity3 and @entity470 and @entity984 mutation status in @entity2220 @entity1 . Retrospectively we analysed 224 @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity2220 . @entity1 were treated with standard chemotherapy as first line therapy and with @entity470 -TK inhibitors as a second or third line therapy. 72 of 224 @entity1 (32  %) had verified bone @entity3 . Bone @entity3 and Skeletal Related Events (SRE) were more frequent in @entity1 , heavy smokers and without treatment of @entity470 TK inhibitors. We have found that @entity470 and @entity984 mutation status are both predictive factors for the treatment efficacy and prognostic factors for the disease progression. However there were no significant correlation between mutation status and the presence of bone @entity3 (P   =   0, 59). In our study the presence of bone @entity3 proved to be an independent prognostic factor related to poor performance status and worse Quality of Life (QL).

title: Bone Metastases and the @entity470 and XXXX Mutation Status in @entity2220 - The Results of Three Year Retrospective Analysis.

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: As an alternative approach to the study of hippocampal function in relation to behavior, the averaged evoked potentials (AEPs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals (SCH), the alveus and the contralateral hippocampus were recorded at various depths in the hippocampal @entity1249 region of freely moving @entity35 with chronically implanted electrodes. Significant correlations between AEPs, behavior and EEG were found. At one end of the continuum of AEPs were those recorded during @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ), an EEG pattern associated with slow-wave sleep or awake-immobility. These AEPs had large early peak and low-amplitude late peaks. At the order end of the continuum, during high frequency theta EEG associated with behaviors such as walking, postural change or phasic paradoxical sleep. AEPs had a smaller early peak, increased later peak(s) and appeared oscillatory. The evoked population spike, a synchronous postsynaptic firing of @entity1249 neurons, was smaller during behaviors associated with theta than during those associated with @entity3457 . It is postulated that a recurrent inhibitory circuit within the hippocampus can account for the change of the AEPs with EEG and behavior and with stimulus intensity. During theta EEG, the negative feedback may increase such that the evoked population excitatory postsynaptic potential and the evoked population spike decrease and ascillatory response is more readily elecited. The excitability state of hippocampal @entity1249 may be described by the negative feedback gain in this model.

title: Behavior-dependent evoked potentials in the hippocampal XXXX region of the @entity35 . I. Correlation with behavior and EEG.

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['large irregular activity', 'LIA']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: As an alternative approach to the study of hippocampal function in relation to behavior, the averaged evoked potentials (AEPs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals (SCH), the alveus and the contralateral hippocampus were recorded at various depths in the hippocampal @entity1249 region of freely moving @entity35 with chronically implanted electrodes. Significant correlations between AEPs, behavior and EEG were found. At one end of the continuum of AEPs were those recorded during @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ), an EEG pattern associated with slow-wave sleep or awake-immobility. These AEPs had large early peak and low-amplitude late peaks. At the order end of the continuum, during high frequency theta EEG associated with behaviors such as walking, postural change or phasic paradoxical sleep. AEPs had a smaller early peak, increased later peak(s) and appeared oscillatory. The evoked population spike, a synchronous postsynaptic firing of @entity1249 neurons, was smaller during behaviors associated with theta than during those associated with @entity3457 . It is postulated that a recurrent inhibitory circuit within the hippocampus can account for the change of the AEPs with EEG and behavior and with stimulus intensity. During theta EEG, the negative feedback may increase such that the evoked population excitatory postsynaptic potential and the evoked population spike decrease and ascillatory response is more readily elecited. The excitability state of hippocampal @entity1249 may be described by the negative feedback gain in this model.

title: Behavior-dependent evoked potentials in the hippocampal @entity1249 region of the XXXX . I. Correlation with behavior and EEG.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The role of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in brain stimulation reward produced by electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was investigated in the @entity35 . In the first experiment, extensive @entity2955 lesions of the ascending fibers of the mesotelencephalic DA projections resulted in significant changes in @entity932 ( @entity932 ) rate-current intensity functions when the lesion was ipsilateral to the stimulating electrode. Similar @entity75 had no effect on these functions, thus ruling out lesion-induced performance deficits as being responsible for the decreases in @entity932 rates across the wide range of current intensities that occurred after the @entity75 . In the second experiment, @entity932 obtained from electrodes in the VTA resulted in significant increases in the DA metabolites, @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ) and @entity4926 ( @entity3829 ) in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle ipsilateral to the stimulating electrode. The ratios of @entity4925 and @entity3829 to DA, considered to be indices of DA utilization, were also increased in these brain regions ipsilateral to the electrode. No changes were observed in the contralateral striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle. Similar increases were observed in stimulated "yoked" animals that received brain stimulation at identical rates and currents but did not lever-press for this stimulation. The third experiment examined the effects of lever-pressing for food on an FR8 schedule of reinforcement on DA utilization in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle. Despite high rates of responding, no effects were observed on @entity4925 :DA or @entity3829 :DA ratios in these brain regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The role of dopamine in XXXX of the ventral tegmental area.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial self-stimulation', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral lesions', 'ipsilateral lesions']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial self-stimulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Social cognition difficulties in @entity161 are seen as a barrier to recovery. Intervention tackling problems in this domain have the potential to facilitate functioning and recovery. @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is a manual-based psychological therapy designed to improve social functioning in @entity161 . AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a modified version of @entity73 for inpatient forensic wards. The potential benefits of the intervention were also assessed. METHOD: This study is a randomized single blind controlled design, with @entity1 randomized to receive @entity73 (N = 21) or treatment as usual (TAU; N = 15). @entity73 consisted of 8-week therapy sessions twice per week. @entity1 were assessed at week 0 and one week after the intervention on measures of social cognition. Feasibility was assessed through group attendance and @entity6661 . @entity1 acceptability and outcome was evaluated through post-group satisfaction and achievement of social goals. RESULTS: The intervention was well received by all @entity1 and the majority reported their confidence improved. The @entity73 group showed a significant improvement in facial affect recognition compared to TAU. Almost all @entity1 agreed they had achieved their social goal as a result of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to deliver @entity73 in a forensic ward setting; however, some adaptation to the protocol may need to be considered in order to accommodate for the reduced social contact within forensic wards. @entity73 in real life may be necessary to achieve benefits to theory of mind and attributional style.

title: Tackling Social Cognition in XXXX : A Randomized Feasibility Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Social Cognition and Interaction Training', 'Practice of social cognition skills', 'SCIT']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: AIMS: Invasive @entity364 have significantly increased over the past decades in immunocompromised individuals and high-risk @entity1 . @entity2379 ( @entity237 ) exerts a powerful and broad activity against a vast array of fungi and has a remarkably low rate of microbial resistance. However, most isolates of @entity13473 developed an intrinsic resistance against @entity237 , and during this study, we characterized the mode of action of this @entity9413 antifungal drug in more detail in resistant (ATR) and rare susceptible (ATS) clinical isolates of A. terreus. RESULTS: We illustrate that @entity237 treatment changes cellular redox status and promotes the generation of high levels of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in ATS. In contrast, ATR isolates were able to cope better with @entity237 -induced oxidative stress. INNOVATION: Most importantly, we demonstrate in this study that coapplication of anti- and pro-oxidants significantly affects @entity237 efficacy in an antithetic manner-antioxidants and ROS-scavenging agents increase @entity237 tolerance in susceptible strains, while pro-oxidants render formerly resistant isolates considerably susceptible to the antifungal drug also in vivo in a Galleria animal model. CONCLUSION: Thereby, our study provides novel therapeutic options to treat formerly resistant fungal strains by a combination of @entity237 and pro-oxidant compounds. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.

title: @entity2379 Resistance in XXXX Is Overpowered by Coapplication of Pro-oxidants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9413 :: ('CHEBI:48121', 'Chemical') :: ['polyene']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity13473 :: ('33178', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus terreus']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

answer: @entity13473 :: (33178,Species) :: ['Aspergillus terreus']


abstract: AIMS: Invasive @entity364 have significantly increased over the past decades in immunocompromised individuals and high-risk @entity1 . @entity2379 ( @entity237 ) exerts a powerful and broad activity against a vast array of fungi and has a remarkably low rate of microbial resistance. However, most isolates of @entity13473 developed an intrinsic resistance against @entity237 , and during this study, we characterized the mode of action of this @entity9413 antifungal drug in more detail in resistant (ATR) and rare susceptible (ATS) clinical isolates of A. terreus. RESULTS: We illustrate that @entity237 treatment changes cellular redox status and promotes the generation of high levels of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in ATS. In contrast, ATR isolates were able to cope better with @entity237 -induced oxidative stress. INNOVATION: Most importantly, we demonstrate in this study that coapplication of anti- and pro-oxidants significantly affects @entity237 efficacy in an antithetic manner-antioxidants and ROS-scavenging agents increase @entity237 tolerance in susceptible strains, while pro-oxidants render formerly resistant isolates considerably susceptible to the antifungal drug also in vivo in a Galleria animal model. CONCLUSION: Thereby, our study provides novel therapeutic options to treat formerly resistant fungal strains by a combination of @entity237 and pro-oxidant compounds. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.

title: XXXX Resistance in @entity13473 Is Overpowered by Coapplication of Pro-oxidants.

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['Amphotericin B']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) and colonoscopy are tandem procedures in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) screening. A positive FIT predicts @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) that requires endoscopic detection and removal. En bloc or piecemeal resection of @entity1442 is associated with a significant rate of residual or recurrent @entity5 . Second-look colonoscopies are indicated to assess @entity1442 . These colonoscopies can make a substantial demand on colonoscopy capacity and health-care system. This study is the first to evaluate the demand and risk factors for second-look colonoscopy in FIT @entity14 screening. METHODS: All colonoscopies after a positive FIT, in subjects aged 50-74 years approached for 3 rounds of FIT screening, were prospectively registered. Second-look colonoscopies were defined as any colonoscopy within 1 year following a colonoscopy after positive FIT. RESULTS: Out of 1,215 FIT-positive screenees undergoing colonoscopy, 105 (8.6%) @entity1 underwent a second-look colonoscopy, of whom 30 (2.5%) underwent more than one colonoscopy (range 2-9), leading to a total of 149 (12.3%) additional colonoscopies. Main reasons for second-look colonoscopies were assessment of complete @entity1442 removal (41.9%) and need for additional polypectomy (34.3%). Risk factors were advanced @entity652 and poor bowel preparation (P<0.001). High fecal hemoglobin concentration was the only predictor of a second-look colonoscopy before index colonoscopy (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Second-look colonoscopies have substantial impact on colonoscopy resources, increasing the demand with 12%. The main reasons for these second-look colonoscopies were previous incomplete polypectomy and control of @entity1313 . A high fecal hemoglobin concentration as measured by FIT can help to identify @entity1 at risk of a second-look colonoscopy.

title: Second-Look Colonoscopies and the Impact on Capacity in FIT-Based XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['completeness of removal of neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'completeness of removal of AN', 'advanced neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer Screening']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hearing aids (HA) provide adequate support for many @entity1 with @entity393 , but not all. Around one third of 10.000 @entity1 provided with hearing aids in the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit felt no actual benefit when using the hearing aid, although they demonstrated the necessary hearing improvement on speech audiometry. Epidemiological data show bad compliance, especially in older @entity1 . Only one in three hearing aid owners wears their device regularly. For this subpopulation of @entity1 active @entity2172 (AMEIs) have been used since 1998. In the present review, the current indications for AMEIs are presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A selective literature search in PubMed, as well as a guideline search at the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften e.  V. (German Association of Scientific Societies), was carried out. RESULTS: The present review shows that when there is an adequate indication the hearing capacity of @entity1 can be thoroughly rehabilitated and thus their quality of life improved with the help of AMEIs. Although most commercially available systems have a satisfactory risk profile, increased extrusion rates, malfunctioning and facial paresis have been reported in older implant series. The advantages of AMEIs include @entity393 , reduced feedback, increased hearing quality, increased speech discrimination in the presence of background noise, and an absence of occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: The audiological indication for AMEIs in primary care is usually controversial, since the functional hearing gain and increase in speech discrimination may be small compared with modern conventional hearing aids. AMEIs thus play a main role in the secondary care of @entity1 who do not have sufficient benefit or who have side effects after having a conventional hearing aid fitted.

title: [Differential indication of active XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'increased hearing gain']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear implants']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['middle ear implants']