abstract: @entity18573 ( @entity37065 ) is one of the newly developed substitutes of @entity3378 consisting of two molecules of @entity2983 . @entity18573 caused @entity294 in some @entity1 , apparently caused by an antiabsorptive secretagogue action of this compound. The mechanism of this was studied in the short circuited isolated mucosa of the @entity35 ileum. Mucosal addition of ADS increased the @entity841 ( @entity841 ) and short circuit current (Isc) at a concentration of 1.3.10(-4) mol/l (4 mg/dl) with maximal effects at 1.3.10(-3) mol/l (40 mg/dl). Epithelial resistance was only slightly decreased at the higher concentrations of 40 and 100 mg/dl. Serosal ADS had no effect on electrical parameters. The increase of Isc was associated with a change of net @entity2865 absorption into net secretion. Net @entity1372 absorption was only slightly and not significantly decreased. The changes were reversible after rinsing away the ADS. Treatment of the mucosa with @entity1483 inhibited the ADS induced increase of Isc, suggesting transcellular pathway for the ADS stimulated secretion. Biosynthesis of @entity2918 is not involved in the mechanism of this secretion, as treatment with @entity3352 did not alter the effect of ADS on Isc. Results suggest that ADS can be considered as a secretagogue, which stimulates intestinal secretion via a transcellular pathway. Because of the bacterial cleavage of the double molecule into two molecules of the non-secretagogue @entity2983 in the colon, however, @entity294 may develop only in @entity1 with a decreased absorptive capacity of the colon, or insufficient cleavage of ADS.

title: Secretory effect of XXXX ( @entity18573 ) on the short circuited mucosa of the @entity35 ileum in vitro.

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-amino-salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity18573 :: ('MESH:C032587', 'Chemical') :: ['Azodisalicylate']

entities_list: @entity841 :: ('MESH:C537245', 'Disease') :: ['potential difference', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphasalazine']

answer: @entity18573 :: (MESH:C032587,Chemical) :: ['azodisalicylate']


abstract: @entity18573 ( @entity37065 ) is one of the newly developed substitutes of @entity3378 consisting of two molecules of @entity2983 . @entity18573 caused @entity294 in some @entity1 , apparently caused by an antiabsorptive secretagogue action of this compound. The mechanism of this was studied in the short circuited isolated mucosa of the @entity35 ileum. Mucosal addition of ADS increased the @entity841 ( @entity841 ) and short circuit current (Isc) at a concentration of 1.3.10(-4) mol/l (4 mg/dl) with maximal effects at 1.3.10(-3) mol/l (40 mg/dl). Epithelial resistance was only slightly decreased at the higher concentrations of 40 and 100 mg/dl. Serosal ADS had no effect on electrical parameters. The increase of Isc was associated with a change of net @entity2865 absorption into net secretion. Net @entity1372 absorption was only slightly and not significantly decreased. The changes were reversible after rinsing away the ADS. Treatment of the mucosa with @entity1483 inhibited the ADS induced increase of Isc, suggesting transcellular pathway for the ADS stimulated secretion. Biosynthesis of @entity2918 is not involved in the mechanism of this secretion, as treatment with @entity3352 did not alter the effect of ADS on Isc. Results suggest that ADS can be considered as a secretagogue, which stimulates intestinal secretion via a transcellular pathway. Because of the bacterial cleavage of the double molecule into two molecules of the non-secretagogue @entity2983 in the colon, however, @entity294 may develop only in @entity1 with a decreased absorptive capacity of the colon, or insufficient cleavage of ADS.

title: Secretory effect of @entity18573 ( XXXX ) on the short circuited mucosa of the @entity35 ileum in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity18573 :: (MESH:C032587,Chemical) :: ['azodisal sodium']


abstract: @entity18573 ( @entity37065 ) is one of the newly developed substitutes of @entity3378 consisting of two molecules of @entity2983 . @entity18573 caused @entity294 in some @entity1 , apparently caused by an antiabsorptive secretagogue action of this compound. The mechanism of this was studied in the short circuited isolated mucosa of the @entity35 ileum. Mucosal addition of ADS increased the @entity841 ( @entity841 ) and short circuit current (Isc) at a concentration of 1.3.10(-4) mol/l (4 mg/dl) with maximal effects at 1.3.10(-3) mol/l (40 mg/dl). Epithelial resistance was only slightly decreased at the higher concentrations of 40 and 100 mg/dl. Serosal ADS had no effect on electrical parameters. The increase of Isc was associated with a change of net @entity2865 absorption into net secretion. Net @entity1372 absorption was only slightly and not significantly decreased. The changes were reversible after rinsing away the ADS. Treatment of the mucosa with @entity1483 inhibited the ADS induced increase of Isc, suggesting transcellular pathway for the ADS stimulated secretion. Biosynthesis of @entity2918 is not involved in the mechanism of this secretion, as treatment with @entity3352 did not alter the effect of ADS on Isc. Results suggest that ADS can be considered as a secretagogue, which stimulates intestinal secretion via a transcellular pathway. Because of the bacterial cleavage of the double molecule into two molecules of the non-secretagogue @entity2983 in the colon, however, @entity294 may develop only in @entity1 with a decreased absorptive capacity of the colon, or insufficient cleavage of ADS.

title: Secretory effect of @entity18573 ( @entity18573 ) on the short circuited mucosa of the XXXX ileum in vitro.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the controversial relationship between pregnancy and @entity64 . Old studies and those from developing countries suggest that pregnancy considerably increases the risk of @entity64 . METHODS: The records of 946 consecutive cases of @entity64 observed in Saudi @entity1 in 10 years were reviewed. Cases which occurred during pregnancy or during the first 15 days postpartum were included in the study. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (1.3%) were pregnant or in postpartum at @entity64 onset. They constituted 27% of @entity1 of childbearing age. @entity385 was diagnosed in nine cases and @entity1779 in three. Four @entity1 died. CONCLUSION: The risk of @entity64 is only marginally increased (x 1.5) in pregnant compared with non-pregnant Saudi @entity1 . Many factors including peripartum @entity296 , @entity4616 , changes in clotting factors, peripartum @entity2333 and vasoactive @entity134 hormones, could be responsible for this increased risk.

title: XXXX and pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Elevated levels of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) have been found in multiple tissues in association with @entity532 and during the microalbuminuric phase of @entity2316 . In this study, we have used an AGE-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure skin AGEs to determine whether elevated levels can be detected before the onset of @entity455 . Subjects with @entity1723 (n = 48) were graded for the degree of @entity8 (normal [23], microalbuminuria [12], or macroalbuminuria [12]) and @entity989 (none [13], background [20], or proliferative [15]). Subgroups with a premicroalbuminuric phase of albumin excretion (< or = 28 mg/24 h, n = 27) or with the earliest stages of @entity989 (n = 27) were identified. A significant increase in tissue AGEs was found as urinary albumin increased during the premicroalbuminuric phase of @entity8 even when the data were adjusted for age and duration of @entity6 (P = 0.005). Immunoreactive AGEs also increased as normal renal status advanced to microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (P = 0.0001 across groups). Significant elevation of AGEs was also found in association with the earliest stages of clinically evident @entity989 (early background versus minimal grades). In addition, higher AGE levels were found in subjects with @entity989 when compared with those with less severe @entity989 (P < 0.004 across groups). In contrast, no significant differences were found in tissue AGE levels between groups with or without early @entity989 based on @entity23032 or fluorescent AGE measurements, although fluorescent AGEs correlated with albumin excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Formation of immunochemical advanced glycosylation end products precedes and correlates with early manifestations of XXXX in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['overt microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity23032 :: ('CHEBI:59951', 'Chemical') :: ['pentosidine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal and retinal disease']


abstract: Elevated levels of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) have been found in multiple tissues in association with @entity532 and during the microalbuminuric phase of @entity2316 . In this study, we have used an AGE-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure skin AGEs to determine whether elevated levels can be detected before the onset of @entity455 . Subjects with @entity1723 (n = 48) were graded for the degree of @entity8 (normal [23], microalbuminuria [12], or macroalbuminuria [12]) and @entity989 (none [13], background [20], or proliferative [15]). Subgroups with a premicroalbuminuric phase of albumin excretion (< or = 28 mg/24 h, n = 27) or with the earliest stages of @entity989 (n = 27) were identified. A significant increase in tissue AGEs was found as urinary albumin increased during the premicroalbuminuric phase of @entity8 even when the data were adjusted for age and duration of @entity6 (P = 0.005). Immunoreactive AGEs also increased as normal renal status advanced to microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (P = 0.0001 across groups). Significant elevation of AGEs was also found in association with the earliest stages of clinically evident @entity989 (early background versus minimal grades). In addition, higher AGE levels were found in subjects with @entity989 when compared with those with less severe @entity989 (P < 0.004 across groups). In contrast, no significant differences were found in tissue AGE levels between groups with or without early @entity989 based on @entity23032 or fluorescent AGE measurements, although fluorescent AGEs correlated with albumin excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Formation of immunochemical advanced glycosylation end products precedes and correlates with early manifestations of @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: We prospectively compared the efficacy of @entity9031 bougies (Savary type) passed over a guide wire and through-the-scope balloons for the dilation of peptic esophageal strictures in a randomized study. Thirty-four @entity1 , 17 in each treatment arm, were studied. At entry, @entity1282 was assessed according to a six-point scale (0, unable to swallow; 5, normal). The end-point for dilation was to size 45F or 15 mm. Discomfort during the procedure was graded on a four-point scale (0, no discomfort; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe discomfort). Follow-up visits were at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and every 3 months thereafter for 2 years. At the 1-week visit, the size of esophageal lumen was measured by 8-, 10-, and 12-mm pills. Both devices effectively relieved @entity1282 . By life-table analysis, stricture recurrence during the first year of follow-up was similar in both groups, but during the second year, the risk of recurrence was significantly lower in @entity1 whose strictures were dilated with balloons. Other advantages of balloons included the need for fewer treatment sessions to achieve the defined end-diameter for dilation (1.1 + 0.1 versus 1.7 + 0.2, p < .05), and less procedural discomfort (p < .05). The differences in luminal size after dilation, measured by the barium pill test, were not significant. Ability to pass the 12-mm pill and absence of @entity1282 were correlated. Our results indicate that both devices are effective in relieving @entity1282 , but balloons may have a long-term advantage.

title: Prospective randomized comparison of XXXX bougies and through-the-scope balloons for dilation of peptic strictures of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity9031 :: ('MESH:D011145', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity9031 :: (MESH:D011145,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl']


abstract: Allergen challenges of airway mucosa are commonly followed by an increased sensitivity to rechallenge with allergen. In the lower airways this phenomenon has been associated with the late phase of allergic airway reactions, which in turn has been suggested as a link between @entity2021 and @entity56 . The aim of the present investigation was to explore further the phenomenon of allergen-induced @entity6587 and to see whether it was possible to induce such a reaction in the skin. Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity2023 due to birch and/or grass pollens were studied in the pollen-free winter months. Nine of these @entity1 had previously demonstrated an increased reactivity following allergen challenge in the nose, and nine of the @entity1 had cutaneous allergen-induced late-phase reactions to the allergen tested. Skin-prick tests were performed with pollen allergen, @entity112 , and a negative control. The areas of the weal-and-flare reactions were measured 15 min after the tests were set. Any late-phase reactions were recorded 6 hr after the skin challenge. The subjects were re-tested with allergen and @entity112 24 hr after the initial prick test within the area of the corresponding weal from the previous day. In contrast to previous challenges of @entity1 airway mucosa, where the same time interval was used, we found no increased responsiveness to rechallenge as compared with the initial allergen challenge. This was true, even if only the subgroups with previously demonstrated nasal allergen-induced @entity6587 , or cutaneous late-phase reaction were evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Allergen-induced XXXX is not a feature of dermal immediate @entity56 --in contrast to reactions of airways mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['continuous allergic airway disease']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity6587 :: (MESH:D016535,Disease) :: ['hyperreactivity']


abstract: Allergen challenges of airway mucosa are commonly followed by an increased sensitivity to rechallenge with allergen. In the lower airways this phenomenon has been associated with the late phase of allergic airway reactions, which in turn has been suggested as a link between @entity2021 and @entity56 . The aim of the present investigation was to explore further the phenomenon of allergen-induced @entity6587 and to see whether it was possible to induce such a reaction in the skin. Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity2023 due to birch and/or grass pollens were studied in the pollen-free winter months. Nine of these @entity1 had previously demonstrated an increased reactivity following allergen challenge in the nose, and nine of the @entity1 had cutaneous allergen-induced late-phase reactions to the allergen tested. Skin-prick tests were performed with pollen allergen, @entity112 , and a negative control. The areas of the weal-and-flare reactions were measured 15 min after the tests were set. Any late-phase reactions were recorded 6 hr after the skin challenge. The subjects were re-tested with allergen and @entity112 24 hr after the initial prick test within the area of the corresponding weal from the previous day. In contrast to previous challenges of @entity1 airway mucosa, where the same time interval was used, we found no increased responsiveness to rechallenge as compared with the initial allergen challenge. This was true, even if only the subgroups with previously demonstrated nasal allergen-induced @entity6587 , or cutaneous late-phase reaction were evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Allergen-induced @entity6587 is not a feature of dermal immediate XXXX --in contrast to reactions of airways mucosa.

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic reactions']


abstract: In this review of a collected series of @entity1 undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal @entity3 , 100 @entity1 were found to have survived greater than five years from the time of resection. Of these 100 long-term survivors, 71 remain disease-free through the last follow-up, 19 recurred prior to five years, and ten recurred after five years. @entity1 characteristics that may have contributed to survival were examined. Procedures performed included five trisegmentectomies, 32 lobectomies, 16 left lateral segmentectomies, and 45 wedge resections. The margin of resection was recorded in 27 @entity1 , one of whom had a positive margin, nine of whom had a less than or equal to 1-cm margin, and 17 of whom had a greater than 1-cm margin. Eighty-one @entity1 had a solitary metastasis to the liver, 11 @entity1 had two @entity3 , one @entity1 had three @entity3 , and four @entity1 had four @entity3 . Thirty @entity1 had Stage C @entity189 , 40 had Stage B @entity189 , and one had Stage A @entity189 . The disease-free interval from the time of colon resection to the time of liver resection was less than one year in 65 @entity1 , and greater than one year in 34 @entity1 . Three @entity1 had bilobar @entity3 . Four of the @entity1 had extrahepatic disease resected simultaneously with the liver resection. Though several contraindications to hepatic resection have been proposed in the past, five-year survival has been found in @entity1 with extrahepatic disease resected simultaneously, @entity1 with bilobar @entity3 , @entity1 with multiple @entity3 , and @entity1 with positive margins. Five-year disease-free survivors are also present in each of these subsets. It is concluded that five-year survival is possible in the presence of reported contraindications to resection, and therefore that the decision to resect the liver must be individualized.

title: Resection of the liver for colorectal carcinoma XXXX . A multi-institutional study of long-term survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The predictive value of grade, number of @entity5 and histology of mucosal biopsy for @entity5 recurrence, the course of @entity189 in situ were examined. The Kaplan-Meier's method was used for the estimation of the recurrence-free rate in the @entity1 who had undergone transurethral resection (TUR) and the logrank test for testing the significance of difference in recurrence-free rate. The 5-year recurrence-free rate was 32.2%. The recurrence-free rate was 51.0% after 40 months postoperatively in @entity1 with a @entity5 , 12.8% after 42 months postoperatively in those with @entity5 . The @entity1 with a @entity5 had a significantly higher recurrence-free rate than those with @entity5 (P less than 0.001). The recurrence-free rate was analyzed according to the grade of main @entity5 , but significantly difference was not present. The recurrence-free rate was 44.4% after 42 months postoperatively in @entity1 with normal histology of mucosal biopsy and 9.5% after 34 months postoperatively in those with abnormal histology. The @entity1 showing normal histology in mucosal biopsy had a significantly higher recurrence-free rate than those with abnormal findings (P less than 0.001). the recurrence-free rate at the same area of biopsy site was analyzed according to the histologies of 537 mucosal biopsies. The recurrence-free rate was 76.7% after 42 months post operatively in areas with a normal biopsy, 44.3% after 35 months postoperatively in those with abnormal histology and the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Of the 15 @entity1 found to have @entity189 in situ, 4 were @entity189 in situ, 6 were associated with superficial @entity5 and 5 were associated with invasive @entity5 . Thirteen of the 15 @entity1 were alive and free of disease 18 to 42 months later. Two @entity1 associated with invasive @entity5 died 5 and 18 months after transcatheter embolization of internal iliac arteries. Of the 13 @entity1 who were found to have microinvasion of @entity189 in situ, 4 were not associated with visible @entity5 , 6 were associated with superficial @entity5 and 3 were associated with invasive @entity5 . Nine of the 13 @entity1 are alive and free of disease 7 to 53 months later. A @entity1 without any visible @entity5 who was treated with TUR and intravesical chemotherapy died and three @entity1 with invasive @entity5 died irrespective of the mode of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Studies on multiple mucosal biopsy in @entity1 with bladder cancer. 2. Evaluation on the relationship between the results of multiple mucosal biopsy and recurrence, and the clinical course of cases with @entity189 in situ and micro-invasion of XXXX in situ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'multiple tumors', 'single tumor', 'papillary tumors', 'papillary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'carcinoma in situ and microinvasion of carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: The predictive value of grade, number of @entity5 and histology of mucosal biopsy for @entity5 recurrence, the course of @entity189 in situ were examined. The Kaplan-Meier's method was used for the estimation of the recurrence-free rate in the @entity1 who had undergone transurethral resection (TUR) and the logrank test for testing the significance of difference in recurrence-free rate. The 5-year recurrence-free rate was 32.2%. The recurrence-free rate was 51.0% after 40 months postoperatively in @entity1 with a @entity5 , 12.8% after 42 months postoperatively in those with @entity5 . The @entity1 with a @entity5 had a significantly higher recurrence-free rate than those with @entity5 (P less than 0.001). The recurrence-free rate was analyzed according to the grade of main @entity5 , but significantly difference was not present. The recurrence-free rate was 44.4% after 42 months postoperatively in @entity1 with normal histology of mucosal biopsy and 9.5% after 34 months postoperatively in those with abnormal histology. The @entity1 showing normal histology in mucosal biopsy had a significantly higher recurrence-free rate than those with abnormal findings (P less than 0.001). the recurrence-free rate at the same area of biopsy site was analyzed according to the histologies of 537 mucosal biopsies. The recurrence-free rate was 76.7% after 42 months post operatively in areas with a normal biopsy, 44.3% after 35 months postoperatively in those with abnormal histology and the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Of the 15 @entity1 found to have @entity189 in situ, 4 were @entity189 in situ, 6 were associated with superficial @entity5 and 5 were associated with invasive @entity5 . Thirteen of the 15 @entity1 were alive and free of disease 18 to 42 months later. Two @entity1 associated with invasive @entity5 died 5 and 18 months after transcatheter embolization of internal iliac arteries. Of the 13 @entity1 who were found to have microinvasion of @entity189 in situ, 4 were not associated with visible @entity5 , 6 were associated with superficial @entity5 and 3 were associated with invasive @entity5 . Nine of the 13 @entity1 are alive and free of disease 7 to 53 months later. A @entity1 without any visible @entity5 who was treated with TUR and intravesical chemotherapy died and three @entity1 with invasive @entity5 died irrespective of the mode of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Studies on multiple mucosal biopsy in @entity1 with bladder cancer. 2. Evaluation on the relationship between the results of multiple mucosal biopsy and recurrence, and the clinical course of cases with XXXX in situ and micro-invasion of @entity189 in situ].

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: The predictive value of grade, number of @entity5 and histology of mucosal biopsy for @entity5 recurrence, the course of @entity189 in situ were examined. The Kaplan-Meier's method was used for the estimation of the recurrence-free rate in the @entity1 who had undergone transurethral resection (TUR) and the logrank test for testing the significance of difference in recurrence-free rate. The 5-year recurrence-free rate was 32.2%. The recurrence-free rate was 51.0% after 40 months postoperatively in @entity1 with a @entity5 , 12.8% after 42 months postoperatively in those with @entity5 . The @entity1 with a @entity5 had a significantly higher recurrence-free rate than those with @entity5 (P less than 0.001). The recurrence-free rate was analyzed according to the grade of main @entity5 , but significantly difference was not present. The recurrence-free rate was 44.4% after 42 months postoperatively in @entity1 with normal histology of mucosal biopsy and 9.5% after 34 months postoperatively in those with abnormal histology. The @entity1 showing normal histology in mucosal biopsy had a significantly higher recurrence-free rate than those with abnormal findings (P less than 0.001). the recurrence-free rate at the same area of biopsy site was analyzed according to the histologies of 537 mucosal biopsies. The recurrence-free rate was 76.7% after 42 months post operatively in areas with a normal biopsy, 44.3% after 35 months postoperatively in those with abnormal histology and the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Of the 15 @entity1 found to have @entity189 in situ, 4 were @entity189 in situ, 6 were associated with superficial @entity5 and 5 were associated with invasive @entity5 . Thirteen of the 15 @entity1 were alive and free of disease 18 to 42 months later. Two @entity1 associated with invasive @entity5 died 5 and 18 months after transcatheter embolization of internal iliac arteries. Of the 13 @entity1 who were found to have microinvasion of @entity189 in situ, 4 were not associated with visible @entity5 , 6 were associated with superficial @entity5 and 3 were associated with invasive @entity5 . Nine of the 13 @entity1 are alive and free of disease 7 to 53 months later. A @entity1 without any visible @entity5 who was treated with TUR and intravesical chemotherapy died and three @entity1 with invasive @entity5 died irrespective of the mode of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Studies on multiple mucosal biopsy in XXXX with bladder cancer. 2. Evaluation on the relationship between the results of multiple mucosal biopsy and recurrence, and the clinical course of cases with @entity189 in situ and micro-invasion of @entity189 in situ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Primary @entity14 accounts for only about 0.2% of large intestinal @entity5 . Management difficulties are compounded by a lack of consistent pathological reporting and by the use of numerous different classifications. Forty-five cases of primary @entity14 are included in this study. The presenting features are indistinguishable from those of @entity14 . Seven @entity1 had a history of chronic @entity31 but no other predisposing factors were identified. Immunohistochemical studies showed that all @entity5 were of B-cell phenotype. Most @entity5 were difficult to characterize using standard pathological classifications such as Kiel, except for the 11 cases of malignant (multiple) @entity1412 , which were morphologically diffuse @entity706 . Twenty-nine @entity706 showed the morphological and immunohistochemical features associated with @entity5 arising in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. These @entity5 showed variable but often marked polymorphism and we have used the term polymorphic @entity1892 to describe them. Consistency was achieved between three observers as to whether these @entity5 were low or high grade, and grade was found to be prognostically important. A modified Dukes staging system was adopted and there was a trend for early stage to give prognostic advantage. This study supports the view that surgery should be the primary treatment for @entity706 of the gastrointestinal tract with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy for advanced cases and for @entity1412 .

title: Primary XXXX . A histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 45 cases with clinicopathological correlations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['localized lymphoma', 'centrocytic lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal lymphoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphomatous polyposis', 'lymphomatous polyposis']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma of the colon and rectum']


abstract: Midbrain @entity935 (DA) modulates the activity of basal ganglia circuitry important for motor control in a variety of species. In songbirds, DA underlies motivational behavior including reproductive drive and is implicated as a gatekeeper for neural activity governing vocal variability. In the @entity12128 , @entity12128 , DA levels increase in Area X, a song-dedicated subregion of the basal ganglia, when a male bird sings his courtship song to a female (female-directed; FD). Levels remain stable when he sings a less stereotyped version that is not directed toward a conspecific (undirected; UD). Here, we used a mild dose of the neurotoxin @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) to reduce presynaptic DA input to Area X and characterized the effects on FD and @entity146 . Immunoblots were used to quantify levels of @entity4149 hydroxylase (TH) as a biomarker for DA afferent loss in vehicle- and @entity2955 -injected birds. Following @entity2955 administration, TH signals were lower in Area X but not in an adjacent subregion, ventral striatal-pallidum (VSP). A postsynaptic marker of DA signaling was unchanged in both regions. These observations suggest that effects were specific to presynaptic afferents of vocal basal ganglia. Concurrently, vocal variability was reduced during UD but not FD song. Similar decreases in vocal variability are observed in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), but the link to DA loss is not well-understood. The @entity2955 songbird model offers a unique opportunity to further examine how DA loss in cortico-basal ganglia pathways affects vocal control.

title: Reduced vocal variability in a XXXX model of @entity935 depletion: implications for @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['UD behaviors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity12128 :: ('59729', 'Species') :: ['Taeniopygia guttata', 'zebra finch']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity12128 :: (59729,Species) :: ['zebra finch']


abstract: Midbrain @entity935 (DA) modulates the activity of basal ganglia circuitry important for motor control in a variety of species. In songbirds, DA underlies motivational behavior including reproductive drive and is implicated as a gatekeeper for neural activity governing vocal variability. In the @entity12128 , @entity12128 , DA levels increase in Area X, a song-dedicated subregion of the basal ganglia, when a male bird sings his courtship song to a female (female-directed; FD). Levels remain stable when he sings a less stereotyped version that is not directed toward a conspecific (undirected; UD). Here, we used a mild dose of the neurotoxin @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) to reduce presynaptic DA input to Area X and characterized the effects on FD and @entity146 . Immunoblots were used to quantify levels of @entity4149 hydroxylase (TH) as a biomarker for DA afferent loss in vehicle- and @entity2955 -injected birds. Following @entity2955 administration, TH signals were lower in Area X but not in an adjacent subregion, ventral striatal-pallidum (VSP). A postsynaptic marker of DA signaling was unchanged in both regions. These observations suggest that effects were specific to presynaptic afferents of vocal basal ganglia. Concurrently, vocal variability was reduced during UD but not FD song. Similar decreases in vocal variability are observed in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), but the link to DA loss is not well-understood. The @entity2955 songbird model offers a unique opportunity to further examine how DA loss in cortico-basal ganglia pathways affects vocal control.

title: Reduced vocal variability in a @entity12128 model of XXXX depletion: implications for @entity191 .

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Midbrain @entity935 (DA) modulates the activity of basal ganglia circuitry important for motor control in a variety of species. In songbirds, DA underlies motivational behavior including reproductive drive and is implicated as a gatekeeper for neural activity governing vocal variability. In the @entity12128 , @entity12128 , DA levels increase in Area X, a song-dedicated subregion of the basal ganglia, when a male bird sings his courtship song to a female (female-directed; FD). Levels remain stable when he sings a less stereotyped version that is not directed toward a conspecific (undirected; UD). Here, we used a mild dose of the neurotoxin @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) to reduce presynaptic DA input to Area X and characterized the effects on FD and @entity146 . Immunoblots were used to quantify levels of @entity4149 hydroxylase (TH) as a biomarker for DA afferent loss in vehicle- and @entity2955 -injected birds. Following @entity2955 administration, TH signals were lower in Area X but not in an adjacent subregion, ventral striatal-pallidum (VSP). A postsynaptic marker of DA signaling was unchanged in both regions. These observations suggest that effects were specific to presynaptic afferents of vocal basal ganglia. Concurrently, vocal variability was reduced during UD but not FD song. Similar decreases in vocal variability are observed in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ), but the link to DA loss is not well-understood. The @entity2955 songbird model offers a unique opportunity to further examine how DA loss in cortico-basal ganglia pathways affects vocal control.

title: Reduced vocal variability in a @entity12128 model of @entity935 depletion: implications for XXXX .

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on the frequency of features of age-related @entity1020 in a black population based on fundus photograph gradings. DESIGN: Population-based study. SETTING: Barbados, West Indies. STUDY POPULATION: Residents of Barbados, selected by a random sample of Barbados-born citizens, aged 40 to 84 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Gradings from 30 degrees stereoscopic macular photographs. RESULTS: Black @entity1 (n = 3444) completed examinations at the study site and had gradable macular photographs in both eyes. Drusen larger than 63 microns occurred with comparable frequency in @entity1 and @entity1 . The frequency of small drusen decreased with age, while medium and large drusen were more common in older @entity1 . Frequencies of all age-related @entity1020 -related characteristics were similar for @entity1 and @entity1 except for small drusen, which occurred more commonly in @entity1 . @entity2118 also increased significantly with age. Exudative features occurred in 0.5% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study provides population-based data on the frequency of features of age-related @entity1020 based on photographic gradings of a black population. Features of early age-related @entity1020 were common, but appeared at a lower frequency than has been reported for white populations. Exudative disease was infrequent, occurring in about one of 200 @entity1 .

title: Features of age-related XXXX in a black population. The Barbados Eye Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['Confluent drusen and pigment atrophy']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: We report the development of culture conditions which routinely support clonal growth of normal @entity1 uroepithelial cells (HUC). Secondary cultures seeded at clonal densities and grown under conditions described herein have a colony-forming efficiency (CFE) and colony size that will be useful for in vitro experiments. Primary cultures were dispersed to single cells and seeded in a supplemented Ham's F12 medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum together with 3 X 10(5) lethally irradiated @entity19 feeder cells on plastic substrates preequilibrated with F12 medium containing 5 or 10% serum. Using these conditions, the average CFE was 16.1 +/- 2.5%. A cloning efficiency of 4.9 +/- 1.5% was obtained under the same conditions in serum-free F12+ when supplemented with a mixture of trace elements or 0.1 mM @entity8398 . The epithelial nature of the cloned cells was confirmed by morphology and by positive immunofluorescent staining for @entity1 epithelial keratin proteins. To make this system useful for mutagenesis experiments, a clone of @entity19 feeder cells resistant to 5 micrograms/ml @entity332 (6TG) was derived from the parental cell line. This 6-TG-resistant Swiss 3T3 clone supports HUC clonal growth with a CFE of 17.9 +/- 2.0% CFE. We also report clonal growth of HUC without feeder cells using supplemented MCDB 170 medium containing 70 micrograms/ml @entity291 pituitary extract. The average cloning efficiency using these conditions was 5.7 +/- 1.7%.

title: Clonal growth of normal XXXX uroepithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity8398 :: ('MESH:D019856', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity332 :: ('MESH:D013866', 'Chemical') :: ['6-thioguanine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hyoid @entity174 due to @entity130 are exceedingly rare. Here, we present an isolated hyoid @entity174 caused by @entity130 as well as a detailed discussion of the injury and treatment options. A 32-year-old male was admitted to emergency department with odynophagia and severe @entity4048 . He had been hit in the neck with a metal rod during a fight. Computed tomography scan revealed a @entity174 on hyoid bone and local swelling of adjacent soft tissues. The @entity1 \'s head was elevated, and ice packs were used to reduce the swelling. @entity3522 and @entity617 were administered. @entity1 was discharged with a recommendation of out- @entity1 control. Odynophagia, @entity1282 and dyspnoea should alert the physician to possible hyoid or laryngeal damage. Fibre optic laryngoscopy and neck CT are important diagnostic steps to reveal a possible life-threatening injury. Conservative treatment is usually adequate, and @entity1 rarely require surgical intervention.

title: An isolated hyoid XXXX caused by @entity130 to the neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['Diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'bone fracture', 'bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['bone fracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hyoid @entity174 due to @entity130 are exceedingly rare. Here, we present an isolated hyoid @entity174 caused by @entity130 as well as a detailed discussion of the injury and treatment options. A 32-year-old male was admitted to emergency department with odynophagia and severe @entity4048 . He had been hit in the neck with a metal rod during a fight. Computed tomography scan revealed a @entity174 on hyoid bone and local swelling of adjacent soft tissues. The @entity1 \'s head was elevated, and ice packs were used to reduce the swelling. @entity3522 and @entity617 were administered. @entity1 was discharged with a recommendation of out- @entity1 control. Odynophagia, @entity1282 and dyspnoea should alert the physician to possible hyoid or laryngeal damage. Fibre optic laryngoscopy and neck CT are important diagnostic steps to reveal a possible life-threatening injury. Conservative treatment is usually adequate, and @entity1 rarely require surgical intervention.

title: An isolated hyoid @entity174 caused by XXXX to the neck.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: Remarkable progress has been achieved in the neurophysiological study of the cerebellum. Based on these neurophysiological data, electronystagmographic (ENG) assessment of @entity76 was made to ascertain to what extent @entity76 could be diagnosed. In 13 @entity1 out of 17 whose lesions were mainly localized on one side through CT, @entity76 could be diagnosed by electronystagmographic findings. In the 1 @entity1 with @entity746 of the remaining 4, asymptomatic @entity1188 was detected unexpectedly through CT. In the remaining 3 @entity1 , differential diagnosis from @entity75 was difficult to evaluate on the basis of ENG findings. In 13 @entity1 showing cerebellar signs and symptoms, pursuit eye movements, @entity346 ( @entity346 ), and fixation-suppression of caloric @entity346 were @entity73 on both sides, suggesting large mass effects upon the bilateral brainstem. However, either rebound @entity346 or opposing positioning @entity346 characteristic of @entity76 was detected in 13 @entity1 (81%). The same was true in @entity1 with @entity76 . ENG test, however, could not detect any @entity1 who showed neither cerebellar signs nor symptoms. Further investigations are needed to supplement the gap between basic and clinical research.

title: Electronystagmographic assessment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar infarction']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar lesions', 'bilateral cerebellar lesions']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['optokinetic nystagmus', 'OKN', 'nystagmus']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['cerebellar lesions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Kansas City @entity296 Questionnaire (KCCQ) is specifically designed to evaluate quality of life in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change of the Spanish version of the KCCQ. METHODS: The multicenter study involved 315 @entity1 with @entity712 . @entity1 were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 24 and 26. The KCCQ, the Minnesota Living with @entity712 Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) were administered. Reliability was assessed in stable @entity1 (n=163) by examining test-retest and internal consistency measures between weeks 24 and 26. Validity was evaluated at baseline (n=315) by determining how KCCQ scores varied with New York Heart Association functional class and by comparing scores with those on similar domains of the MLHFQ and SF-36. Responsiveness to change was assessed in @entity1 who experienced significant clinical improvement between baseline and week 24 (n=31) by determining the effect size. RESULTS: Reliability coefficients ranged between 0.70 and 0.96 for the different domains. Mean KCCQ scores varied significantly with New York Heart Association functional class (P<.001). Correlations with comparable domains on the other questionnaires were acceptable (e.g. for physical limitation, they were between 0.77 and 0.81). The changes observed at 24 weeks in the majority of KCCQ scores in the subsample that improved corresponded to a moderate effect size (i.e. 0.4-0.6). CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the KCCQ has good metric properties (i.e. validity, reliability and responsiveness), which make it suitable for use in evaluating quality of life in Spanish @entity712 @entity1 .

title: Validation of the Spanish version of the Kansas city XXXX questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'Heart Failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: To explore the role of perivascular cells in angiogenesis and vasomotricity, placental cultures of perivascular cells were performed from calibrated villi excised from term placentas. Microvessels were isolated using repeated digestion of villi by collagenase-dispase and purification by Percoll gradients. Plated on Petri dishes, the microvessels became adherent to the gelatin matrix permitting to cells to proliferate. Cells were harvested and subcultured. Endothelial and pericyte cell lines were identified by phase contrast microscopy. Pericyte number predominated rapidly, the endothelial cells remaining visible. After seven days, cells started to cluster, thus piled up and built numerous nodules. Medium-size oval endothelial cells were stained by anti- @entity2880 factor and anti-IgG coupled to @entity941 . Large cells with irregular border reacted to smooth muscle anti-alpha-actin and anti-IgG coupled to @entity941 . There was no cross-reaction of these two cell types with the antibodies. In contrast, nodules were stained by both immunostainings. Endothelial cells reacting to @entity2880 factor antibody were frequently associated to the nodule. The isolation of microvessels from the @entity1 placenta described in this study allowed the establishment of cultures of endothelial cells and pericytes that show: i) rapid predominance of pericytes over endothelial cells, ii) formation of nodules, iii) participation of endothelial cells and pericytes to nodules formation.

title: Mixed culture of pericytes and endothelial cells from fetal microvessels of the XXXX placenta.

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To preliminarily examine whether solubility of water-soluble @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) microspheres in blood plasma changes in proportion to their degrees of saponification. The study also examined their feasibility as a temporary embolic agents in the @entity1707 renal artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of @entity939 microspheres with the degrees of saponification of 97 mol% (S97), 98 mol% (S98), and 99 mol% (S99) were prepared. Seven kidneys in seven miniature @entity1707 were embolized and divided into three groups so there would be at least two kidneys for each type of @entity939 . One animal in each group was euthanized immediately after angiography at 3 hours after embolization and the other one at 7 days after. In addition, one animal embolized with S99 microspheres was euthanized at 21 days after embolization. RESULTS: With S97 microspheres, the vascular network had recovered to the preembolic state by 3 hours after embolization. With S98 microspheres, blood flow in the third-order branch had been restored in the same period. With S99 microspheres, the second- and lower order branches remained occluded until 21 days. Histopathologic specimens harvested at 3 hours revealed only a trace of @entity939 for S97 microspheres. With S98 microspheres, the vascular lumen was still found to be filled with @entity939 gel. With S99 microspheres, swollen microspheres densely filled the vascular lumen even on day 21. CONCLUSIONS: Dissolution process in vitro and the duration of @entity432 in vivo were possibly related to the degree of saponification of @entity939 . This result may support feasibility of @entity939 microspheres as a temporary embolic agent.

title: Water-soluble XXXX microspheres for temporary embolization: development and in vivo characteristics in a @entity1707 kidney model.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

answer: @entity4832 :: (MESH:D011142,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To preliminarily examine whether solubility of water-soluble @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) microspheres in blood plasma changes in proportion to their degrees of saponification. The study also examined their feasibility as a temporary embolic agents in the @entity1707 renal artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of @entity939 microspheres with the degrees of saponification of 97 mol% (S97), 98 mol% (S98), and 99 mol% (S99) were prepared. Seven kidneys in seven miniature @entity1707 were embolized and divided into three groups so there would be at least two kidneys for each type of @entity939 . One animal in each group was euthanized immediately after angiography at 3 hours after embolization and the other one at 7 days after. In addition, one animal embolized with S99 microspheres was euthanized at 21 days after embolization. RESULTS: With S97 microspheres, the vascular network had recovered to the preembolic state by 3 hours after embolization. With S98 microspheres, blood flow in the third-order branch had been restored in the same period. With S99 microspheres, the second- and lower order branches remained occluded until 21 days. Histopathologic specimens harvested at 3 hours revealed only a trace of @entity939 for S97 microspheres. With S98 microspheres, the vascular lumen was still found to be filled with @entity939 gel. With S99 microspheres, swollen microspheres densely filled the vascular lumen even on day 21. CONCLUSIONS: Dissolution process in vitro and the duration of @entity432 in vivo were possibly related to the degree of saponification of @entity939 . This result may support feasibility of @entity939 microspheres as a temporary embolic agent.

title: Water-soluble @entity4832 microspheres for temporary embolization: development and in vivo characteristics in a XXXX kidney model.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) is a common, blinding disease of the elderly in which macular photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris endothelial cells ultimately degenerate. Recent studies have found that @entity528 occurs early in this disease and that endothelial cell drop-out is concomitant with increased deposition of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) at the choroidal endothelium. However, the impact of MAC injury to choroidal endothelial cells is poorly understood. To model this event in vitro, and to study the downstream consequences of MAC injury, endothelial cells were exposed to complement from human serum, compared to heat-inactivated serum, which lacks complement components. Cells exposed to complement components in human serum showed increased labelling with antibodies directed against the MAC, time- and dose-dependent cell death, as assessed by @entity880 dehydrogenase assay and increased permeability. RNA-Seq analysis following complement injury revealed increased expression of genes associated with angiogenesis including @entity73330 , and @entity7 . The MAC-induced increase in @entity1495 RNA expression was validated using C5-depleted serum compared to C5-reconstituted serum. Increased levels of @entity1495 were also established, using western blot and zymography. These data suggest that, in addition to cell lysis, complement attack on choroidal endothelial cells promotes an angiogenic phenotype in surviving cells. Copyright    2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Molecular response of chorioretinal endothelial cells to complement injury: implications for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Age-related macular degeneration', 'AMD']

entities_list: @entity73330 :: ('4318;4314', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and -9']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the choriocapillaris']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiobiological modeling was used to explore optimum combination strategies for treatment of disseminated @entity5 of differing radiosensitivity and differing patterns of metastatic spread. The purpose of the study was to derive robust conclusions about the design of combination strategies that incorporate a targeting component. Preliminary clinical experience of a @entity521 treatment strategy, which is based upon general principles obtained from modelling, is briefly described. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The radiobiological analysis was based on an extended (dose-rate dependent) formulation of the linear quadratic model. Radiation dose and dose rate for targeted irradiation of @entity5 of differing size was in part based on microdosimetric considerations. The analysis was applied to several @entity5 types with postulated differences in the pattern of metastatic spread, represented by the steepness of the slope of the relationship between numbers of @entity5 present and @entity5 diameter. The clinical pilot study entailed the treatment of five @entity1 with advanced @entity521 using a combination of 131I @entity7990 (mIBG) and total body irradiation followed by @entity236 . RESULTS: The theoretical analysis shows that both intrinsic radiosensitivity and pattern of metastatic spread can influence the composition of the ideal optimum combination strategy. High intrinsic radiosensitivity generally favors a high proportion of targeting component in the combination treatment, while a strong tendency to micrometastatic spread favors a major contribution by total body irradiation. The @entity521 @entity1 were treated using a combination regimen with an initially low targeting component (2 Gy whole body dose from targeting component plus 12 Gy from total body irradiation). The treatment was tolerable and resulted in remissions in excess of 9 months in each of these advanced @entity521 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Radiobiological analysis, which incorporates simple models of metastatic spread, emphasizes the importance of the total body irradiation component in a targeting/total body irradiation combination strategy. However, the analysis favors a larger targeting component than is used in clinical practice at present. A cautious escalation of the 131I mIBG component in the combination treatment of advanced @entity521 appears justified.

title: Optimum combination of targeted 131I and total body irradiation for treatment of disseminated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['metaiodobenzylguanidine']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow rescue']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Since 1985, the University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic has investigated the efficacy and safety of 8 MHz radiofrequency (RF) capacitive @entity221 using the Thermotron RF-8. This study reports the thermometric and clinical results of 119 @entity1 treated with RF @entity221 in combination with radiotherapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Of 119 @entity1 , 69 received high-dose RT and 50 @entity1 received low-dose RT because of previous irradiation to the treatment site. The most common anatomic sites treated were within the pelvic cavity or head and neck area. Thirty-three percent and 24% of @entity5 treated were > 7 cm and > 10 cm in largest diameter, respectively. Forty percent of the @entity1 had @entity5 (depth > 6 cm). @entity221 was given as soon as possible after RT twice weekly, allowing at least 72 h between treatments. The objective was to raise intratumoral temperatures to 42-43 degrees C or above for 30-50 min while keeping normal tissue temperatures below 40-41 degrees C. RESULTS: Of 119 @entity1 , 40% achieved a Tmax @entity5 temperature of > 42 degrees C and 40% achieved 40-42 degrees C Tmax. Higher Tmax) @entity5 temperatures were observed as @entity5 size increased. Tumors > 10 cm in largest diameter had a Tmax of 42.2 degrees C. @entity5 depth was not a significant factor for the @entity5 temperatures achieved. Of 119 @entity1 , 11% achieved complete response and 38% achieved partial response. Of the no-response @entity1 , 34% had symptomatic palliation and 15% had stable disease for at least 12 months after treatment. We were able to treat @entity5 of @entity1 with subcutaneous fat as thick as 3 cm by precooling the fat for 20 min with 10-15 degrees C saline-filled boluses prior to the initiation of heating. During treatment, 60% of @entity1 complained of varying degrees of @entity158 and 19% had @entity158 that was a factor in limiting treatment. Vital signs were relatively stable and not a factor in limiting treatment. CONCLUSION: The Thermotron RF-8 is a useful @entity221 device that can raise @entity5 temperatures to a therapeutic level (i.e., 42 degrees C) in a significant proportion of @entity1 with superficial, subsurface, and @entity5 , with minimal adverse effects, complications, and systemic stress. Further clinical studies using improved thermometry systems are warranted.

title: Clinical experience using 8 MHz radiofrequency capacitive XXXX in combination with radiotherapy: results of a phase I/II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deep-seated tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fifth metacarpal @entity174 are common and comprise a significant proportion of traditional orthopaedic @entity174 clinic workload. We reviewed the functional outcome and the satisfaction of @entity1 managed with a new protocol that promoted "self-care" and resulted in the discharge of most of these @entity1 from the emergency department with no further follow-up. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of @entity1 discharged with a fifth @entity174 between April 2012 to October 2012. A postal questionnaire was sent to each @entity1 , followed by a telephone call. @entity1 -reported outcome measures (EQ-5D, QuickDASH) and @entity1 satisfaction were assessed. Of the 167 @entity1 eligible for the study, 5 were excluded. Of the remaining 162, 64 were uncontactable or declined to participate. The mean follow-up time was 21.6  months (SD 1.9, range 18.1 to 24.7). RESULTS: The median EQ-5D health index score was 0.87 (IQR 0.74 to 1.00), and the median QuickDASH score was 2.3 (IQR 0 to 6.8). Seventy-nine (80.6  %) @entity1 were satisfied with the outcome of their injury, while 83 (84.9  %) reported being satisfied with the process. There was no difference between those with a @entity174 or those without a @entity174 in EQ-5D (p   =   0.307) or QuickDASH (p   =   0.820). CONCLUSION: Fifth metacarpal @entity174 can be managed effectively through an Emergency Department protocol without any formal orthopaedic follow-up. This pathway lead to excellent @entity1 -reported outcome measures and @entity1 satisfaction. This protocol has reduced unnecessary hospital attendances for @entity1 and increased the time available for clinicians to deal with more @entity130 .

title: Satisfaction and functional outcome with "self-care" for the management of fifth metacarpal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['challenging injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'metacarpal fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Diagnostic and therapeutic values regarding echoguided percutaneous treatment of @entity45 are reviewed and discussed. Since 1987 we have detected by ultrasonography 48 @entity45 , 22 asymptomatic @entity1 were evaluated periodically. A ultrasound guided percutaneous puncture was performed in 26 symptomatic @entity1 . 10 @entity1 affected by @entity3833 were treated by aspiration and injection of antibiotics. 14 oligospermic @entity1 underwent cyst aspiration followed by introduction of sclerosing agents ( @entity5324 or @entity167 ). In one communicating @entity45 has been performed. A @entity2967 has been resolved by surgical procedure. In the follow-up (2 months - 6 years) we observed: 5 recurrences (50%) in the cysts treated with antibiotics and 6 (43%) recurrences in the cysts treated with sclerosing agents. However, 8 @entity1 out of 10 obtained a resolution of the urinary symptoms and 8 @entity1 out of 14 improved their seminal parameters. On our experience, percutaneous echoguided treatment of @entity1069 is a suitable and safe technique because of the possibility to resolve some clinic problems, although an high recurrence rate.

title: [Echo-guided percutaneous treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cysts']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cystoadenoma']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['intraprostatic cysts', 'cyst simple aspiration']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['aethoxysclerol']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['intraprostatic cysts']


abstract: A review is presented of 20 @entity1 consecutively operated on for acute @entity340 . The diagnosis was established from at least two of the criteria: (a) typical clinical features, (b) two blood cultures positive for the same causal microorganism, and (c) echocardiographic evidence of @entity47 . In all cases there was histologic evidence of active @entity281 in the surgical specimen. Only three of the 20 @entity1 had no previous @entity299 . The most common causal agent was @entity794 . The indications for surgery were @entity712 or @entity281 (18 and 2 cases, respectively). Aortic valve replacement was performed in 16 of the 20 cases, suggesting that aortic valvulopathy aggravates the course of @entity884 and increases the risk of @entity712 . The overall mortality rate was 30%. All surviving @entity1 were @entity86 follow-up. Surgery is considered to be the management of choice in active valvular, therapy-resistant @entity3555 with or without @entity712 .

title: Surgical treatment of active XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['refractory cardiac failure', 'cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['infection-free at postoperative bacteriologic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['valvular infective endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Campylobacter spp. has been identified as one of the leading causes of @entity2348 in the world. In recent years, an increase was demonstrated in the incidence of campylobacteriosis in several countries, including Israel. The incidence rate of campylobacteriosis in Israel increased from 22.3 per 100000 in 1997 to 77.4 per 100000 in 2009. The aim of this study was to explore risk factors for @entity281 with Campylobacter among young @entity1 in Israel. METHODS: A matched case-control study was performed to investigate risk factors for sporadic @entity27134 among 113 affected @entity1 1 to 5 years of age and 113 age-, gender- and neighborhood-matched controls. Information about exposure to potential risk factors was obtained via telephone interview and was evaluated by conditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In the multivariable model, for each additional @entity1573 meal consumed during the week before the onset of illness, the odds for @entity27134 increased by 32% (adjusted matched odds ratios (aMOR)=1.32, 95%CI: 1.01-1.72, p-value=0.04) while consumption of fruits and vegetables decreased the odds for @entity27134 by 97% (aMOR=0.03, 95%CI: 0.00-0.28, p-value<0.01), and for each additional @entity1 living in the household, the odds for @entity281 decreased by 48% (aMOR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.33-0.83, p-value<0.01). Using diaper increased the odds for campylobacteriosis (aMOR=7.36, 95%CI: 1.66-32.70, p-value<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that focus on proper handling of @entity1573 and @entity1573 products, hand washing and encouraging consumption of fruits and vegetables could help in controlling @entity27134 .

title: Risk Factors for Sporadic Infection with Campylobacter Spp. among XXXX in Israel: A Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity27134 :: ('MESH:D002169', 'Disease') :: ['Campylobacter infections', 'Campylobacter infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of @entity2260 acute @entity2267 (AM) in @entity1 have changed in the post pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) era. METHODS: Medical records of pneumococcal AM cases, in a tertiary Pediatric Hospital were reviewed from 1/1999-12/2014. @entity2260 isolates were serotyped using the quellung reaction and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by E-test and for @entity7646 resistance genes by PCR. RESULTS: Among 334 @entity1 with AM, @entity2260 was isolated from 89(26.6%) with median age 22 months (IQR: 12-30m). @entity2260 was recovered from ear fluid (58%), mastoid specimens (35.2%), and blood (6.8%). Resistance to @entity114 , @entity2929 and @entity3402 was 12.4%, 49.4% and 18% respectively. Distribution of pneumococcal serotypes before (1999-2005), after the introduction of PCV7 (2006-2010) and after PCV13 (2011-2014) was found: for the PCV7 serotypes 81%, 25%, 0%, (p<0.0001), for PCV13 additional serotypes 16.3%, 70.8%, 63.6%, (p<0.0001) and for non- @entity1485 serotypes 2.3%, 4.1%, 36.3%, (p=0.0002) respectively. Significant increase was detected for the serotype @entity5686 after PCV7 and this trend was not changed after PCV13 (2.3%, 50%, 50% respectively, p<0.0001). A significant proportion of resistant isolates to @entity114 (54.5%) and @entity2929 (34.8%) were identified as @entity5686 . CONCLUSIONS: After the introduction of PCV7 a significant increase of serotype @entity5686 as well as replacement of PCVs serotypes were identified. After PCV13 the overall proportion of @entity2267 and the incidence of serotype @entity5686 were not significantly declined. A significant proportion of resistant isolates to @entity114 and @entity2929 are attributed to serotype @entity5686 .

title: XXXX in @entity1 Before and After the Introduction of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis', 'pneumococcal mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity2267 :: (MESH:D008417,Disease) :: ['Pneumococcal Mastoiditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of @entity2260 acute @entity2267 (AM) in @entity1 have changed in the post pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) era. METHODS: Medical records of pneumococcal AM cases, in a tertiary Pediatric Hospital were reviewed from 1/1999-12/2014. @entity2260 isolates were serotyped using the quellung reaction and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by E-test and for @entity7646 resistance genes by PCR. RESULTS: Among 334 @entity1 with AM, @entity2260 was isolated from 89(26.6%) with median age 22 months (IQR: 12-30m). @entity2260 was recovered from ear fluid (58%), mastoid specimens (35.2%), and blood (6.8%). Resistance to @entity114 , @entity2929 and @entity3402 was 12.4%, 49.4% and 18% respectively. Distribution of pneumococcal serotypes before (1999-2005), after the introduction of PCV7 (2006-2010) and after PCV13 (2011-2014) was found: for the PCV7 serotypes 81%, 25%, 0%, (p<0.0001), for PCV13 additional serotypes 16.3%, 70.8%, 63.6%, (p<0.0001) and for non- @entity1485 serotypes 2.3%, 4.1%, 36.3%, (p=0.0002) respectively. Significant increase was detected for the serotype @entity5686 after PCV7 and this trend was not changed after PCV13 (2.3%, 50%, 50% respectively, p<0.0001). A significant proportion of resistant isolates to @entity114 (54.5%) and @entity2929 (34.8%) were identified as @entity5686 . CONCLUSIONS: After the introduction of PCV7 a significant increase of serotype @entity5686 as well as replacement of PCVs serotypes were identified. After PCV13 the overall proportion of @entity2267 and the incidence of serotype @entity5686 were not significantly declined. A significant proportion of resistant isolates to @entity114 and @entity2929 are attributed to serotype @entity5686 .

title: @entity2267 in XXXX Before and After the Introduction of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccines.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies of @entity717 in @entity6 have examined @entity6 as a homogeneous disease. We sought to identify subgroups among @entity1 with @entity6 based on potential risk factors for @entity717 . METHODS: @entity1 were 2,445 employees with @entity6 from three prospective cohorts (the Finnish Public Sector study, the GAZEL study, and the Whitehall II study). Work disability was ascertained via linkage to registers of sickness @entity2048 and disability pensions during a follow-up of 4 years. Study-specific latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups according to prevalent comorbid disease and health-risk behaviours. Study-specific associations with @entity717 at follow-up were pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Separate latent class analyses for @entity1 and @entity1 in each cohort supported a two-class solution with one subgroup (total n = 1,086; 44.4%) having high prevalence of chronic somatic diseases, @entity1109 , @entity28 , physical inactivity and abstinence from @entity285 and the other subgroup (total n = 1,359; 55.6%) low prevalence of these factors. In the adjusted meta-analyses, @entity1 in the 'high-risk' group had more @entity717 days (pooled rate ratio = 1.66, 95% CI 1.38-1.99) and more @entity717 episodes (pooled rate ratio = 1.33, 95% CI 1.21-1.46). These associations were similar in @entity1 and @entity1 , younger and older @entity1 , and across occupational groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 is not a homogeneous disease in terms of @entity717 risk. Approximately half of @entity1 with @entity6 are assigned to a subgroup characterised by clustering of comorbid health conditions, @entity28 , physical inactivity, abstinence of @entity285 , and associated high risk of @entity717 ; the other half to a subgroup characterised by a more favourable risk profile.

title: Work Disability among Employees with XXXX : Latent Class Analysis of Risk Factors in Three Prospective Cohort Studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognostic significance of capsular incision (CapI) into @entity5 during radical prostatectomy (RP) with otherwise organ-confined disease remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of CapI into @entity5 on oncologic outcome. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A retrospective review of 8110 consecutive @entity1 with @entity263 treated at Ottawa Hospital and at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, both tertiary @entity4207 centers, between 1985 and 2008. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 underwent an open, laparoscopic or robotic RP. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 were divided into four pathologic categories: group 1 (CapI group), positive surgical margins (PSMs) without extraprostatic extension (EPE); group 2, negative surgical margins (NSMs) without EPE; group 3, NSM with EPE; group 4, PSMs with EPE. Estimates of recurrence-free survival were generated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Recurrence was defined as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >0.2 ng/ml and rising. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence controlling for pretreatment PSA, RP date, RP Gleason sum, seminal vesicle invasion, and lymph node involvement. Pathologic categories were defined in the model by including the variables EPE and surgical margins (SMs) as well as their interaction. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Median follow-up was 37.3 mo. The 5-yr recurrence-free probability after RP for the CapI group was 77% (95% confidence interval [CI], 72-83). This was not only inferior to @entity1 with NSMs and no EPE (log rank p<0.0001) but also to those with NSMs and EPE (log rank p=0.0002). In multivariate analysis the interaction between EPE and SM was not significant (p=0.26). In the adjusted model excluding the interaction term, @entity1 with EPE had an increased risk for recurrence (HR: 1.80; 95% CI, 1.49-2.17; p<0.0001) as did those with positive margins (HR: 1.81; 95% CI, 1.51-2.15; p<0.0001). This was a retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS: CapI into @entity5 has a significant impact on @entity1 outcome following RP. @entity1 , who otherwise would have organ-confined disease, will now have a higher probability of recurrence than those with completely resected @entity66 .

title: The prognostic significance of capsular incision into XXXX during radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extraprostatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity216 , a @entity460 and phospholipid-binding protein, is an important endogenous modulator of @entity32 . Whether this regulatory role extends to @entity731 is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic and protein expression of @entity216 in carotid endarterectomy specimens from @entity1 with significant @entity543 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The echogenicity of @entity731 was determined by ultrasound prior to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in 34 consecutively recruited @entity1 with @entity543 exceeding 70%. The @entity216 messenger RNA and protein expression of the corresponding plaques obtained from those @entity1 were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the immunohistochemical method respectively. Results were analyzed with respect to plaque characteristics and symptomatic disease. RESULTS: There were 25 males and 9 females, with a mean age of 68.8. Ten @entity1 were asymptomatic. The symptomatic @entity1 ' plaques were more echolucent (mean grey scale median (GSM) of 103) than those of asymptomatic @entity1 (mean GSM = 126, p = 0.022). The @entity216 protein was constitutively expressed in all plaques, and @entity216 gene expression was statistically higher in @entity1 with @entity10094 compared with those with neurological symptoms (87    4% vs. 42    6.2%; p < 0.001, unpaired t-test). The GSM score was positively correlated with @entity216 levels in @entity1 with high-grade carotid @entity2791 (r = 0.501, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to suggest that high @entity216 expression may have a stabilising effect in asymptomatic @entity1 with less echolucent @entity731 . Since @entity731 is an inflammatory process, we further postulate that @entity216 may play an essential role in preventing @entity532 or disease progression.

title: XXXX expression in atherosclerotic carotid plaques and its relationship with plaque characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic disease']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['plaque complications']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity216 :: (301,Gene) :: ['Annexin A1']


abstract: Effect of wearing @entity5758 gloves on the thermal exchanges of wet-suited divers was studied in 8 Korean diving @entity1 . Subjects, clad with 5-6-mm-thick neoprene wet suits (jacket, pants, and boots) either with or without wearing 3-mm-thick neoprene gloves, were immersed for 3 h in water of critical temperature (17.3 degrees +/- 0.8 degree C) while the rectal and skin (chest, leg, arm, and hand) temperatures and @entity26 consumption were measured. Overall thermal insulation of the subject plus suit was calculated from the rectal-to-water temperature difference divided by the estimated rate of skin @entity393 . The skin @entity393 was assumed to equal metabolic heat production minus respiratory @entity393 , corrected for changes in heat storage when mean body temperature changed. All measurements were carried out in a resting condition. During the 3rd h of immersion, the rectal temperature was lower with gloves (delta Tre = 0.30 degree +/- 0.04 degree C; P less than 0.05) whereas metabolic heat production was not significantly different. Consequently, the total thermal insulation was nearly 16% lower with gloves than without gloves. In both the hands and forearms, the regional heat flux determined directly using a heat flux transducer was higher and the thermal insulation index was lower with gloves than without gloves. These results indicate that in wet-suited subjects resting in cold (17 degrees C) water gloves do not provide additional protection against @entity393 , but rather decrease the efficiency of thermoregulatory mechanisms. We suggest that sensory input from cold receptors in the distal extremities is particularly important in thermoregulation during immersion in cold water.

title: Effect of wearing gloves on the thermal balance of Korean XXXX wet-suit divers in cold water.

entities_list: @entity5758 :: ('MESH:D009387', 'Chemical') :: ['neoprene']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['heat loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The present study was carried out in a private periodontal practice. 8 clinical criteria were chosen to select @entity1 for microbiological examination. These criteria characterize prominent features of disease which at the start, during, or in the maintenance phase of treatment suggest difficulties in the progress of the periodontal therapy. Based on these clinical characteristics, an inventory was made of the prevalence of the 3 putative periodontal pathogens: @entity3841 , @entity2523 , @entity3288 . Out of 320 referred @entity1 91 @entity1 did meet > or = 1 of the clinical criteria and consequently were selected for microbiological examination. Results showed that young @entity1 (19-30 years) with @entity2521 demonstrated the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans more often (69%: p < 0.005) compared to older age cohorts. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found more often when localized breakdown (in particular in the 1st molar and incisor region) was observed and in @entity1 who responded poorly to scaling and rootplaning. @entity2523 and @entity3288 were most frequently recovered in @entity1 showing primarily a @entity604 pattern of angular defects of > or = 5 mm. Retrospectively, these @entity1 were further categorized, based on full mouth radiographs, in (1) @entity1 with primarily horizontal @entity604 and (2) @entity1 with primarily angular bony defects. Results showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans occurred less frequently in @entity1 showing horizontal @entity604 (p < 0.05).

title: The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, XXXX and @entity3288 in selected subjects with @entity2521 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['P. intermedia', 'Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['P. gingivalis']


abstract: The present study was carried out in a private periodontal practice. 8 clinical criteria were chosen to select @entity1 for microbiological examination. These criteria characterize prominent features of disease which at the start, during, or in the maintenance phase of treatment suggest difficulties in the progress of the periodontal therapy. Based on these clinical characteristics, an inventory was made of the prevalence of the 3 putative periodontal pathogens: @entity3841 , @entity2523 , @entity3288 . Out of 320 referred @entity1 91 @entity1 did meet > or = 1 of the clinical criteria and consequently were selected for microbiological examination. Results showed that young @entity1 (19-30 years) with @entity2521 demonstrated the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans more often (69%: p < 0.005) compared to older age cohorts. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found more often when localized breakdown (in particular in the 1st molar and incisor region) was observed and in @entity1 who responded poorly to scaling and rootplaning. @entity2523 and @entity3288 were most frequently recovered in @entity1 showing primarily a @entity604 pattern of angular defects of > or = 5 mm. Retrospectively, these @entity1 were further categorized, based on full mouth radiographs, in (1) @entity1 with primarily horizontal @entity604 and (2) @entity1 with primarily angular bony defects. Results showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans occurred less frequently in @entity1 showing horizontal @entity604 (p < 0.05).

title: The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, @entity2523 and XXXX in selected subjects with @entity2521 .

answer: @entity3288 :: (28131,Species) :: ['P. intermedia']


abstract: The present study was carried out in a private periodontal practice. 8 clinical criteria were chosen to select @entity1 for microbiological examination. These criteria characterize prominent features of disease which at the start, during, or in the maintenance phase of treatment suggest difficulties in the progress of the periodontal therapy. Based on these clinical characteristics, an inventory was made of the prevalence of the 3 putative periodontal pathogens: @entity3841 , @entity2523 , @entity3288 . Out of 320 referred @entity1 91 @entity1 did meet > or = 1 of the clinical criteria and consequently were selected for microbiological examination. Results showed that young @entity1 (19-30 years) with @entity2521 demonstrated the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans more often (69%: p < 0.005) compared to older age cohorts. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found more often when localized breakdown (in particular in the 1st molar and incisor region) was observed and in @entity1 who responded poorly to scaling and rootplaning. @entity2523 and @entity3288 were most frequently recovered in @entity1 showing primarily a @entity604 pattern of angular defects of > or = 5 mm. Retrospectively, these @entity1 were further categorized, based on full mouth radiographs, in (1) @entity1 with primarily horizontal @entity604 and (2) @entity1 with primarily angular bony defects. Results showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans occurred less frequently in @entity1 showing horizontal @entity604 (p < 0.05).

title: The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, @entity2523 and @entity3288 in selected subjects with XXXX .

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the 3-year incidence of acute @entity1576 in a population of noninstitutionalized elderly @entity1 . DESIGN: Cohort analytic study with an observation period of 3 years. SETTING: Large midwestern urban community. SUBJECTS: 574 noninstitutionalized @entity1 aged 65 years and older, of whom 349 were living independently, 110 were in congregate settings, and 115 were living independently and regularly caring for small @entity1 . METHODS: Subjects were interviewed and examined by nurse practitioners at intake and every 4 months. @entity697 and convalescent visits were made when illnesses were reported by @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence of acute @entity1576 was used to test the hypothesis that elderly @entity1 taking care of @entity1 have the highest incidence, congregate-dwellers intermediate incidence, and those living independently the lowest incidence. RESULTS: The average incidence of acute @entity1576 was 2.5 per 100 @entity1 months, comparable to rates reported in the National Health Survey. The incidence of @entity1576 was significantly greater in subjects living in congregate settings or regularly caring for young @entity1 . Similarly, greater proportions of @entity1 in the congregate and @entity1 -care groups reported at least one episode of illness (P < .05). A more detailed analysis of exposure shows that acute @entity1576 was significantly more common in subjects who had contact with @entity1 (P < .05). This risk was definitely present during the months November through February, and probably also during July through October, but was not observed for March through June. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly @entity1 living in the community experience low rates of acute upper @entity1576 . Contact with @entity1 increases their risk of developing such illnesses during certain seasons of the year.

title: Acute XXXX in older community residents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'child', 'children', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute illness']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory illness']


abstract: Soft tissue @entity281 were seen in 25 @entity1 with underlying @entity5 and @entity66 . The @entity66 included @entity1778 , lupus, @entity2150 , @entity706 , @entity189 and @entity1582 . Infectious sites included the perianal area, gluteal, chest wall, extremity and the vulva. Eighty per cent of the @entity166 episodes occurred in @entity1 who were granulocytopenic. Initial presentation was of local tenderness and redness. Fluctuation and discoloration were present in nine @entity1 who were also @entity551 . Local drainage in five @entity1 resulted in the death of two (20%). Overall, the mortality was 3/25 (12%). Wide debridement and drainage and appropriate antibiotic therapy resulted in the death of 1/20 (5%) @entity1 . @entity551 , discoloration and fluctuation were found to be late signs in these @entity1 . Soft tissue @entity281 in the compromised host present subtly and progress to death if treatment is delayed. Temperature elevation and localized tenderness and erythema are indications for broad spectrum antibiotics and extensive intraoperative drainage and debridement.

title: Soft tissue XXXX in the compromised host.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease', 'immunosuppressive disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotension']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report of treatment of extreme @entity378 using spinal osteotomy and halo-pelvic traction. OBJECTIVE: To describe the process and outcome of treatment of a case with extreme @entity378 using spine osteotomy and halo-pelvic traction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal TB causes @entity85 , and @entity451 . Long-standing @entity1513 may progress with growth in @entity1 , and produces @entity1576 , and @entity51 . Surgery may help to prevent or reverse the @entity16 , while improving pulmonary function in cases with significant @entity85 . METHODS: Review of records and radiographs. RESULTS: A 24-year-old female with @entity378 presented with bilateral lower extremities paresis and @entity1353 . The vertebral bodies from T3-T9 were severely destructed, with a Cobb's angle of 180  on radiographs. The total duration of distraction using halo-pelvic apparatus kept 10 months. During the duration of traction, the @entity1 underwent a posterior release surgery because flexibility of the @entity1513 was not sufficient. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy and pedicle screw fixation were performed to achieve final correction when the Cobb's angle decreased to about 80  . After the whole treatment of halo-pelvic traction and spine ostetomy, the @entity1 's height increased nearly 30cm, while the angular @entity1513 was corrected to a Cobb's angle of 30  . The @entity1 had no complication and @entity16 during the treatment. Correction angle and good sagittal balance were well maintained in the duration of 2 years follow up. CONCLUSIONS: The halo-pelvic apparatus produces high corrective forces applied over a long period, and it provides a slow and safe correction of deformity. In cases of extreme @entity85 , halo-pelvic traction is an appropriate technique, while avoiding many serious complications from a rapid, one-stage correction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

title: Treatment of Extreme XXXX Using Spinal Osteotomy and Halo-pelvic Traction: A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity', 'spinal deformity', 'destruction, deformity']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous kyphosis', 'tuberculous angular kyphosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculous Kyphosis']


abstract: Studies with fluorescent @entity141 indicators in large populations of neutrophils in suspension reveal a stable base line followed by a rapid agonist-induced elevation of cytosolic free @entity460 , [ @entity141 ]i, concomitant with other parameters of cellular activation. To study the role of adhesion in cell activation, we monitored [ @entity141 ]i in single neutrophils adhered to albumin-coated or fibronectin-coated glass coverslips before and after stimulation with the chemotactic peptide @entity14915 ( @entity5038 ). @entity1 neutrophils loaded with 2 microM @entity593 /AM were allowed to adhere to coverslips for 15-20 min at 37 degrees C. [ @entity141 ]i was monitored with a dual excitation microfluorimeter with a time resolution of 200 ms. Statistical analysis was performed using an algorithm allowing to detect significant [ @entity141 ]i peaks. 54% of the cells showed spontaneous [ @entity141 ]i oscillations. The amplitude of these [ @entity141 ]i peaks averaged 77 +/- 10 nM above basal levels (mean value of 110 +/- 20 nM), and their mean duration was 28 +/- 5 s; periods of [ @entity141 ]i bursts could last up to 15 min. In "silent" cells exhibiting a stable [ @entity141 ]i base line without spontaneous oscillations, low concentrations of @entity5038 (10(-10)-10(-9) M) could induce sustained [ @entity141 ]i oscillations. By contrast, higher agonist concentrations (10(-6) M) induced a single [ @entity141 ]i transient followed by a stable base line. 47% of the cells showing spontaneous [ @entity141 ]i oscillations did not respond to @entity5038 . Spontaneous [ @entity141 ]i oscillations depended on the continuous presence of extracellular @entity141 . Therefore: (i) spontaneous oscillations of [ @entity141 ]i occur in neutrophils adherent to various substrata; (ii) these oscillations do not preclude and can be dissociated from the response to @entity5038 ; (iii) neutrophil functions might be controlled by [ @entity141 ]i oscillations rather than by sustained alterations of [ @entity141 ]i.

title: Spontaneous and chemoattractant-induced oscillations of cytosolic free XXXX in single adherent @entity1 neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity14915 :: ('CHEBI:53490', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']