abstract: OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract. The pathophysiology is unknown but has been shown to be multifactorial. Free radical-mediated damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1412 . @entity224 dismutases (SODs) are the first and the most important line of antioxidant enzyme defense against reactive @entity26 species. Moreover, isozymes of the SOD family are critical for modulating the activity of @entity842 , a gaseous free radical that is believed to play roles in the physiology and pathology of respiratory tracts. However, the expression profile of SOD isoforms in @entity1412 remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the expression profile of the SOD isoforms in nasal polyps from nonallergic @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Nasal polyp tissues were obtained from eight nonallergic @entity1 who underwent elective polypectomy; mucosal specimens from the middle turbinates were acquired from eight subjects without @entity1412 as control tissues. The expression profile of SOD isoenzymes, @entity1367 , @entity4723 , and @entity39051 , in the nasal tissues was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting (WB). RESULTS: @entity1412 in all eight of the @entity1412 @entity1 manifested as severe or recurrent sinonasal @entity1412 clinically. The expression pattern of SOD isoenzymes evaluated by RT-PCR analysis indicated that the mean levels of @entity1367 mRNA and, to a greater extent, @entity39051 mRNA were higher in polyp tissues than in control tissues. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of @entity4723 mRNA between the two groups. The data from ELISA and WB analysis showed that there were increased expressions of @entity1367 and @entity39051 protein in polyp tissues compared with the control tissues, but there was no difference in the expression of @entity4723 protein between the two groups. The results from RT-PCR, ELISA, and WB were paralleled and revealed that the expressions of @entity1367 and, to a greater extent, @entity39051 were higher in polyp tissues than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of @entity39051 and @entity1367 were higher in polyp tissues. These results are consistent with previously reported data and support the hypothesis that there is increased oxidative stress in @entity1412 . Our data also suggest that the SODs might be important in the pathogenesis of @entity1412 ; however, the roles these SOD isoforms, especially @entity39051 , play in both normal nasal mucosa and @entity1412 require further clarification.

title: Altered expression profile of @entity224 dismutase isoforms in nasal polyps from nonallergic XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Persistent @entity805 infection of the otic capsule is suggested to be an etiologic factor in @entity8719 . @entity8719 is a disease of complex unknown etiology causing progressive conductive and/or @entity1274 ( @entity393 ). BACKGROUND: Diagnostic methods of @entity8719 are sensitive to ossicular chain fixation with low specificity for @entity16245 . METHODS: @entity9227 was extracted from stapes foot plates of clinically stapes fixation @entity1 (N = 213). @entity805 nucleoprotein RNA was amplified by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Amplification results were correlated to histologic findings in 49 cases. Antimeasles IgG levels of all clinically stapes fixation as well as control sera specimens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Among clinically stapes fixation @entity1 , 141 stapes foot plates contained @entity805 RNA. Among 49 histologic specimens, viral RNA was detectable only in histologically otosclerotic stapes foot plates (n = 35). Histology for virus-negative foot plates (n = 14) excluded @entity8719 . Antimeasles IgG levels were significantly lower in the sera of @entity1 with virus-positive stapes than in control sera. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of decreased antimeasles IgG serum level and conductive @entity393 has a great specificity and sensitivity as a diagnostic method in the preoperative evaluation of @entity8719 . Low antimeasles IgG level indicates @entity8719 , whereas high level suggests non-otosclerotic ossicular chain fixations. Preoperative elucidation of the cause of a conductive @entity393 may suggest optional medical treatment in preference to surgical methods.

title: Antimeasles immunoglobulin g for serologic diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis', 'Otosclerosis', 'ossicular chain fixations otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity9227 :: ('CHEBI:33696', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity805 :: ('11234', 'Species') :: ['measles virus', 'Measles virus']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity16245 :: ('OMIM:184460', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerotic stapes ankylosis']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['otosclerotic hearing loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared the effectiveness and harms of fingolimod (Gilenya   ) to other disease-modifying drugs in the treatment of @entity15 . DATA SOURCES: We searched Ovid MEDLINE(  ) and the Cochrane Library and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects through November 2010. For additional data we also hand searched reference lists, US Food and Drug Administration medical and statistical reviews, and dossiers submitted by pharmaceutical companies. REVIEW METHODS: Study selection, data abstraction, validity assessment, grading the strength of the evidence, and data synthesis were all carried out according to standard Drug Effectiveness Review Project review methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 , fingolimod 0.5 mg and 1.25 mg once daily was superior to interferon beta-1a in improving relapse-related outcomes, including annualized relapse rates and proportion without relapse, over a 1 year period. Progression of disability was not different between the treatments at 12 months. The higher dose (1.25 mg once daily) of fingolimod resulted in higher numbers and more severe adverse events, including herpes @entity281 and symptomatic @entity1168 after the first dose, as well as more @entity1 discontinuing treatment. Differences in adverse events between 0.5 mg @entity20083 (the dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration) and interferon beta-1a were limited to more @entity1 with @entity221 , @entity925 , and flu-like symptoms with interferon, and more @entity1 with elevated liver enzymes with fingolimod. While the absolute event rates were low, ongoing concerns with the safety of fingolimod included the risk of @entity1103 , the effect of lung function, @entity5 , and serious @entity1800 . Further studies are underway to better determine the risk with fingolimod.

title: Drug Class Review: Disease-Modifying Drugs for @entity15 : Single Drug Addendum: XXXX : Final Original Report

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity20083 :: ('MESH:C098720', 'Chemical') :: ['fingolimod']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['zoster infections']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity20083 :: (MESH:C098720,Chemical) :: ['Fingolimod']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared the effectiveness and harms of fingolimod (Gilenya   ) to other disease-modifying drugs in the treatment of @entity15 . DATA SOURCES: We searched Ovid MEDLINE(  ) and the Cochrane Library and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects through November 2010. For additional data we also hand searched reference lists, US Food and Drug Administration medical and statistical reviews, and dossiers submitted by pharmaceutical companies. REVIEW METHODS: Study selection, data abstraction, validity assessment, grading the strength of the evidence, and data synthesis were all carried out according to standard Drug Effectiveness Review Project review methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 , fingolimod 0.5 mg and 1.25 mg once daily was superior to interferon beta-1a in improving relapse-related outcomes, including annualized relapse rates and proportion without relapse, over a 1 year period. Progression of disability was not different between the treatments at 12 months. The higher dose (1.25 mg once daily) of fingolimod resulted in higher numbers and more severe adverse events, including herpes @entity281 and symptomatic @entity1168 after the first dose, as well as more @entity1 discontinuing treatment. Differences in adverse events between 0.5 mg @entity20083 (the dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration) and interferon beta-1a were limited to more @entity1 with @entity221 , @entity925 , and flu-like symptoms with interferon, and more @entity1 with elevated liver enzymes with fingolimod. While the absolute event rates were low, ongoing concerns with the safety of fingolimod included the risk of @entity1103 , the effect of lung function, @entity5 , and serious @entity1800 . Further studies are underway to better determine the risk with fingolimod.

title: Drug Class Review: Disease-Modifying Drugs for XXXX : Single Drug Addendum: @entity20083 : Final Original Report

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anticipation (ie, an earlier age at onset in successive generations) is linked to repeat expansion in @entity179 , whereas its role in @entity4310 is unclear. We assessed anticipation in @entity4309 ( @entity14 [ @entity14 ]), in which DNA mismatch repair (MMR) defects cause early and accelerated @entity5 development with a broad @entity5 spectrum. @entity1 AND METHODS: In the population-based Danish @entity14 registry, 407 MMR gene mutation carriers who had developed @entity5 associated with @entity4309 , were identified. These individuals formed 290 parent- @entity1 pairs in which age at the first @entity5 diagnosis was assessed. A paired t-test and a specifically developed bivariate model were used to assess a possible role of anticipation. RESULTS: Both methods revealed anticipation with @entity1 developing @entity5 mean 9.8 years (P < .001) earlier than parents using the paired t-test and 5.5 years (P < .001) earlier using the bivariate model. Birth cohort effects were excluded since anticipation with 7.2 years earlier age at onset was identified also in the oldest cohort, in which the @entity1 were observed until they were older than 80 years. The effect remained when @entity5 diagnosed at surveillance were excluded, applied to maternal as well as paternal inheritance, and was independent of the MMR gene mutated. CONCLUSION: The effect from anticipation demonstrated in this large, population-based @entity4309 cohort underscores the need to initiate surveillance programs at young age. It should also stimulate research into the genetic mechanisms that determine age at onset and whether the genetic instability that characterizes @entity4309 can be linked to anticipation.

title: Role for genetic anticipation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative syndromes']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'HNPCC']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary cancer']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional medical treatment of @entity712 has remained unchanged for many years. It has been based on @entity26 supplementation and mechanical ventilatory support as well as the administration of @entity1286 , diuretics, @entity3362 and inotropic agents. In 2005 the European Society of Cardiology published new guidelines on diagnosis and treatment. Also, new therapies have been introduced recently, giving rise to changes in therapeutic concepts. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The article is based on these new guidelines and recent studies selected from the literature. RESULTS: Mechanical ventilatory support reduces the number of @entity1 who require endotracheal intubation. @entity3362 in higher dosages than employed today appear to be beneficial to @entity1 with @entity891 , probably because of the pronounced afterload reducing effect. Nesiritide has shown better haemodynamic effects than common @entity1507 dosages in @entity1 with @entity712 . @entity25394 was tested in the biggest trial ever which, however, was terminated prematurely, because of futility with regard to the endpoints dyspnoea and @entity204 . @entity452 and @entity7604 are associated with increased mortality in @entity1 with pronounced chronic and acute @entity712 . Levosimendan has shown lower mortality compared to @entity452 in @entity1 with acute @entity712 . INTERPRETATION: New concepts have finally emerged, including the application of old drugs such as @entity3362 in new (i.e., higher) dosages, as well as the novel compound @entity6759 , and hypoperfused organs without severe @entity551 . The new European Society of Cardiology classification provides a valuable and long-awaited guideline to diagnosis and treatment.

title: [Medical and ventilatory treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity25394 :: ('MESH:C120582', 'Chemical') :: ['Tezosentan']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrates', 'nitrates']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity6759 :: ('MESH:C076731', 'Chemical') :: ['levosimendan']

entities_list: @entity7604 :: ('MESH:D020105', 'Chemical') :: ['milrinone']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['acute heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study presents data on the prevalence and incidence of @entity6 in Norway based on the new Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used data from the NorPD (2004-June 2005) and the official wholesales statistics (2000-2004). The number of @entity1 with at least one prescription for drugs used in @entity6 was recorded, together with gender and age distribution among the users. RESULTS: The one-year prevalence in 2004 of drug-treated @entity6 was 2.6% for @entity1 and 2.2% for @entity1 . 9% of @entity1 in the 70-79 year age-group received antidiabetic drugs. 46 000 @entity1 were recorded with at least one prescription on insulin, while 79,000 @entity1 collected at least one prescription on tablets. The one-year prevalence of insulin users in the age-group younger than 15 years was estimated to 2.0 per 1000. The incidence rate, calculated from data from the first half of 2005, was 35 per 100,000 @entity1 -years. INTERPRETATION: The NorPD represents a new data source which offers good estimates for the number of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity6 who receive antidiabetic drugs outside hospitals or nursing homes. The 2004 prevalence was in accordance with previous surveys, while the incidence rate of type 1 @entity6 in @entity1 younger than 15 years was higher than previously shown.

title: [How many and who are receiving medication for XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'drug-treated diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a threshold exists for cardiovascular risk in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 , the association between renal function and cardiovascular risk was examined across the entire physiological range of serum @entity1011 . DESIGN AND METHODS: The RENAAL and LIFE studies enrolled 1513 and 1195 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity101 , respectively. The relationship between baseline serum @entity1011 and the risk for a composite outcome of @entity583 , @entity64 or @entity65 was examined using Cox regression models. To adjust for heterogeneity between studies and treatment groups, these factors were included as strata when applicable. The analyses were conducted with adjustment for age, gender, smoking, @entity167 use, blood pressure, heart rate, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , hemoglobin, @entity633 and prior @entity65 . RESULTS: The hazard ratios across the baseline serum @entity1011 categories < 0.9 mg/dl, 0.9-1.2 mg/dl, 1.2-1.6 mg/dl, 1.6-2.8 mg/dl and >or= 2.8 mg/dl were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.34, 0.74), 0.74 (0.55, 1.00), 1.00 (reference), 1.24 (0.96, 1.59) and 1.67 (1.17, 2.91), respectively. Baseline serum @entity1011 (per mg/dl) strongly predicted the composite cardiovascular endpoint in LIFE [2.82(1.74,4.56), P < 0.001], RENAAL [1.41(1.12,1.79), P < 0.001], as well as the combined studies [1.51(1.21,1.87), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: A progressively higher risk for the composite cardiovascular endpoint was observed with incremental baseline serum @entity1011 in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 , even within the normal range. Thus, there appears to be no serum @entity1011 threshold level for an increased cardiovascular risk. Baseline serum @entity1011 was a major independent risk factor for @entity65 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00308347).

title: Renal function and risk for cardiovascular events in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with XXXX : the RENAAL and LIFE studies.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a threshold exists for cardiovascular risk in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 , the association between renal function and cardiovascular risk was examined across the entire physiological range of serum @entity1011 . DESIGN AND METHODS: The RENAAL and LIFE studies enrolled 1513 and 1195 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity101 , respectively. The relationship between baseline serum @entity1011 and the risk for a composite outcome of @entity583 , @entity64 or @entity65 was examined using Cox regression models. To adjust for heterogeneity between studies and treatment groups, these factors were included as strata when applicable. The analyses were conducted with adjustment for age, gender, smoking, @entity167 use, blood pressure, heart rate, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , hemoglobin, @entity633 and prior @entity65 . RESULTS: The hazard ratios across the baseline serum @entity1011 categories < 0.9 mg/dl, 0.9-1.2 mg/dl, 1.2-1.6 mg/dl, 1.6-2.8 mg/dl and >or= 2.8 mg/dl were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.34, 0.74), 0.74 (0.55, 1.00), 1.00 (reference), 1.24 (0.96, 1.59) and 1.67 (1.17, 2.91), respectively. Baseline serum @entity1011 (per mg/dl) strongly predicted the composite cardiovascular endpoint in LIFE [2.82(1.74,4.56), P < 0.001], RENAAL [1.41(1.12,1.79), P < 0.001], as well as the combined studies [1.51(1.21,1.87), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: A progressively higher risk for the composite cardiovascular endpoint was observed with incremental baseline serum @entity1011 in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 , even within the normal range. Thus, there appears to be no serum @entity1011 threshold level for an increased cardiovascular risk. Baseline serum @entity1011 was a major independent risk factor for @entity65 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00308347).

title: Renal function and risk for cardiovascular events in @entity164 2 XXXX @entity1 with @entity101 : the RENAAL and LIFE studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a threshold exists for cardiovascular risk in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 , the association between renal function and cardiovascular risk was examined across the entire physiological range of serum @entity1011 . DESIGN AND METHODS: The RENAAL and LIFE studies enrolled 1513 and 1195 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity101 , respectively. The relationship between baseline serum @entity1011 and the risk for a composite outcome of @entity583 , @entity64 or @entity65 was examined using Cox regression models. To adjust for heterogeneity between studies and treatment groups, these factors were included as strata when applicable. The analyses were conducted with adjustment for age, gender, smoking, @entity167 use, blood pressure, heart rate, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , hemoglobin, @entity633 and prior @entity65 . RESULTS: The hazard ratios across the baseline serum @entity1011 categories < 0.9 mg/dl, 0.9-1.2 mg/dl, 1.2-1.6 mg/dl, 1.6-2.8 mg/dl and >or= 2.8 mg/dl were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.34, 0.74), 0.74 (0.55, 1.00), 1.00 (reference), 1.24 (0.96, 1.59) and 1.67 (1.17, 2.91), respectively. Baseline serum @entity1011 (per mg/dl) strongly predicted the composite cardiovascular endpoint in LIFE [2.82(1.74,4.56), P < 0.001], RENAAL [1.41(1.12,1.79), P < 0.001], as well as the combined studies [1.51(1.21,1.87), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: A progressively higher risk for the composite cardiovascular endpoint was observed with incremental baseline serum @entity1011 in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 , even within the normal range. Thus, there appears to be no serum @entity1011 threshold level for an increased cardiovascular risk. Baseline serum @entity1011 was a major independent risk factor for @entity65 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00308347).

title: Renal function and risk for cardiovascular events in XXXX 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 : the RENAAL and LIFE studies.

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a threshold exists for cardiovascular risk in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 , the association between renal function and cardiovascular risk was examined across the entire physiological range of serum @entity1011 . DESIGN AND METHODS: The RENAAL and LIFE studies enrolled 1513 and 1195 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity101 , respectively. The relationship between baseline serum @entity1011 and the risk for a composite outcome of @entity583 , @entity64 or @entity65 was examined using Cox regression models. To adjust for heterogeneity between studies and treatment groups, these factors were included as strata when applicable. The analyses were conducted with adjustment for age, gender, smoking, @entity167 use, blood pressure, heart rate, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , hemoglobin, @entity633 and prior @entity65 . RESULTS: The hazard ratios across the baseline serum @entity1011 categories < 0.9 mg/dl, 0.9-1.2 mg/dl, 1.2-1.6 mg/dl, 1.6-2.8 mg/dl and >or= 2.8 mg/dl were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.34, 0.74), 0.74 (0.55, 1.00), 1.00 (reference), 1.24 (0.96, 1.59) and 1.67 (1.17, 2.91), respectively. Baseline serum @entity1011 (per mg/dl) strongly predicted the composite cardiovascular endpoint in LIFE [2.82(1.74,4.56), P < 0.001], RENAAL [1.41(1.12,1.79), P < 0.001], as well as the combined studies [1.51(1.21,1.87), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: A progressively higher risk for the composite cardiovascular endpoint was observed with incremental baseline serum @entity1011 in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 , even within the normal range. Thus, there appears to be no serum @entity1011 threshold level for an increased cardiovascular risk. Baseline serum @entity1011 was a major independent risk factor for @entity65 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00308347).

title: Renal function and risk for cardiovascular events in @entity164 2 @entity6 XXXX with @entity101 : the RENAAL and LIFE studies.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effects of @entity7652 (BBR) on the pharmacokinetics of @entity11635 ( @entity870 ) were examined in healthy volunteers. Six healthy male volunteers were orally treated with 0.3 g BBR, twice daily for 10 days. Pharmacokinetic investigations on @entity870 at 6 mg/kg were done both before and at the end of the BBR treatment period. Another six healthy male volunteers were involved in the pharmacokinetic study with 3 mg @entity870 /kg, in which the subjects orally received the second single dose of 3 mg @entity870 /kg, followed by a single oral dose of 0.3 g BBR. The blood @entity870 concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. In the pharmacokinetic study with 6 mg @entity870 /kg, BBR caused no significant changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity870 . However, in the trial with 3 mg @entity870 /kg, the average percentage increase in area under the blood concentration-time curve of @entity870 was 19.2% (P < 0.05) and the mean C12 increased to 123 microg/l from 104 microg/l (P < 0.05), without altering elimination half-life (t(1/2)), maximum blood drug concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (tmax), apparent oral clearance (CL/F). The present results suggest that BBR can increase the oral bioavailability of @entity870 at the dosage of 3 mg/kg. The BBR-mediated increase in @entity870 bioavailability may be partly attributed to a decrease in liver and/or intestinal metabolism through the inhibition of @entity5322 in the liver and/or gut wall. The BBR-induced increase in emptying time of stomach and small intestine might be another reason for the increase in @entity870 bioavailability. However, the speculation should be proved by further investigation.

title: The effects of XXXX on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine']

entities_list: @entity11635 :: ('CHEBI:4031', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin A']

answer: @entity7652 :: (MESH:D001599,Chemical) :: ['berberine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examine the pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ) population and their clinical course in pediatric versus general @entity26144 and identify potential factors contributing to differences in performance metrics between the 2 @entity341 settings. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of pediatric visits to nationally representative @entity26144 participating in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1995 to 2002. Differences between pediatric and general @entity26144 were examined in terms of @entity1 characteristics and clinical course. RESULTS: Pediatric @entity26144 treated more @entity1 with medical problems than general @entity26144 , which treated more @entity1 with injuries. Visits by @entity1 to pediatric @entity26144 were associated with longer wait times to see a physician (median, 40 vs. 25 minutes; P < 0.001) and longer stays in the @entity341 (median, 130 vs. 98 minutes; P = 0.006). In multivariate analysis, the type of @entity341 treating a pediatric @entity1 was a significant determinant of wait time (percent change for pediatric @entity26144 , 23.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4-46.6), length of stay (percent change for pediatric @entity26144 , 23.0; 95% CI, 5.1-43.9), and rate of discharge (odds ratio for pediatric @entity26144 , 0.75; 95% CI 0.61-0.92). @entity1 in pediatric @entity26144 seemed to be sicker than those in general @entity26144 . CONCLUSIONS: These data provide the first glimpse of health care delivery to @entity1 seen in @entity26144 nationally. Our findings indicate that significant differences exist between pediatric visits to pediatric and general @entity26144 . These findings may be useful in establishing performance metrics for the care of ill and injured @entity1 in both pediatric and general @entity26144 .

title: Emergency care for XXXX in pediatric and general emergency departments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: We aimed to investigate the questionable effect of linear polarized polychromatic light on burn wound healing in @entity35 . Two @entity130 on the backside of each of 21 @entity35 were created with a standard burning procedure by applying a heated plaque. Burned regions located right dorsolaterally and classified as group I lesions were treated with linear polarized polychromatic light + open dressing + antibacterial pomade, whereas group II lesions were located left dorsolaterally and treated with only open dressing + antibacterial pomade. Macroscopic evaluation was performed for determination of the completed wound closure rate, measurement of burn wound area, and investigation of macroscopic @entity4 , @entity450 , and epithelialization. Histopathological evaluation included monitoring of epithelialization, vascularization, origination of granulation tissue, inflammatory cell response, and total histopathological score on days 7, 14, and 21 after burn creation. Macroscopic evaluation revealed more obvious epithelialization in group I lesions between days 6 and 15. The number of completely closed wounds was higher in group I than in group II on days 16 and 21. The average area of burn wounds was lower from day 5, @entity450 was less on days 2 to 17, and @entity4 was less from day 4 to day 13 in group I lesions. Histopathological evaluation revealed a higher rate of epithelialization on day 7 and higher vascularization occurrence on day 21 in group I lesions. Linear polarized polychromatic light seems to be effective in the treatment of burn wounds and in the promotion of healing. This may be related to linear polarized polychromatic light stimulation of epithelialization and vascularization.

title: The efficacy of linear polarized polychromatic light on burn wound healing: an experimental study on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['deep second-degree burn wounds']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To translate into Brazilian-Portuguese, culturally adapt and validate the DLQI. @entity1 AND METHODS: The DLQI was translated into Brazilian-Portuguese and cultural adaptation was performed following the methodology proposed by Falc  o. Inter-observer reliability and validity were assessed. Seventy-one @entity1 with @entity1252 with cutaneous lesions selected from the outpatient dermatology clinic had their quality of life assessed by DLQI and SF-36. The validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the DLQI was evaluated by the correlation of DLQI scores with SF-36 component scores and other outcome measures. RESULTS: In the translation and cultural adaptation process the basic structure of DLQI was kept. Very few questions have very slightly modifications. Of the 71 @entity1 , 83% were @entity1 and the median (SD) age was 38 (12) years. The @entity1 had a mean (SD) disease duration of 8(6) years. There were 46 @entity1 with active cutaneous lesions and 37 @entity1 with @entity1665 . The DLQI inter-observer reliability coefficient was 0.96 (p<0.001). The DLQI mean (SD) score was 6.5 (5.6) and most of the SF-36 domains were between 60 and 70. The domains that had the lowest scores were 'general health' (62) and 'mental health' (62). The Pearson correlation coefficient between DLQI and each SF-36 component score were highly statistically significant (p<0.001), despite of being only moderate. As expected there was no correlation between DLQI or each one of the SF-36 components and age, disease duration or number of ACR criteria. @entity1 with active cutaneous lesions presented statistically significant lower scores of DLQI and SF-36 when compared to @entity1 without active cutaneous lesions. @entity1 with @entity1665 presented a statistically significant lower score in DLQI when compared to @entity1 without @entity1665 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the DLQI is a reliable and valid outcome measure to be used in LE clinical studies.

title: The impact of XXXX cutaneous on the Quality of life: the Brazilian-Portuguese version of DLQI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['lupus erythematosus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a new technique for deep lateral (single) wall orbital decompression surgery, developed by Mr. Geoffrey Rose, for @entity5768 in @entity1 with @entity1374 and to analyse the results achieved in our series. METHODS: The study is an interventional, retrospective, non-comparative case series. Twenty-one eyes of seventeen @entity1 underwent the described technique of deep lateral wall orbital decompression for @entity1374 . All @entity1 had controlled thyroid functions and underwent surgery for cosmetic rehabilitation, with analysis of the @entity227 . The surgery involved removing the lateral orbital wall whilst preserving the lateral rim, the lateral wall being approached through a horizontal skin incision placed lateral to the lateral canthus. After reflecting the periosteum, most of the bone (deep lateral wall) between the skull base and inferior orbital fissure is removed. RESULTS: A mean reduction in @entity5768 of 4.81 mm    1.23 (SD) (p < 0.0001) with a median of 5.0 mm (range 3-7 mm) was achieved and the best-corrected visual acuity was maintained in all @entity1 . There were no complications during surgery, and post-operative complications included worsening of pre-existing @entity892 in one @entity1 (6%) and transient cheek/temple numbness seen in three @entity1 (18%). CONCLUSIONS: This technique of deep lateral wall orbital decompression developed by Mr. Rose is a safe and effective procedure for @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity5768 . It carries a low risk of morbidity and avoids complications associated with decompressing the floor and medial wall, including new @entity1319 .

title: Outcome of deep lateral wall rim-sparing orbital decompression in XXXX : a new technique and results of a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in proptosis, changes in visual acuity and post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity5768 :: ('MESH:D005094', 'Disease') :: ['proptosis']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['onset of motility disorders']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid-associated orbitopathy']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid-associated orbitopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Sigmoidoscopy is performed more frequently than colonoscopy, especially for screening purposes and searching for @entity14 . The necessity of colonoscopy in @entity1 with an @entity652 of<or=5 mm found on sigmoidoscopy is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the size of rectosigmoid @entity652 is associated with the risk of @entity5 in the proximal colon and to determine whether there is indication for total colonoscopy. METHODS: @entity1 found to have rectosigmoid @entity6523 on colonoscopy were included in the study. These @entity652 were grouped as diminutive (<or=5 mm), small (6-10 mm) or large (>or=11 mm) @entity1127 . These groups were compared regarding the presence of proximal @entity652 and advanced proximal @entity5 (>10 mm @entity652 and/or villous histology and/or high grade @entity1141 or @entity5 ). @entity1127 found in the rectum and sigmoid colon were considered as distal @entity1127 and @entity1127 other than these were considered as proximal @entity1127 . RESULTS: In this study, of 1124 consecutive @entity1 who underwent colonoscopy between April 1997 and January 2002, 184 (16%) had 258 @entity6523 in the rectosigmoid area. The @entity1127 were diminutive (<or=5 mm) in 105, small (6-10 mm) in 46 and large (>or=11 mm) in 33 @entity1 . Forty-one of the @entity1 (39%) with diminutive @entity1127 , 20 of the @entity1 (43%) with small @entity1127 and 19 of the @entity1 (57%) with large @entity1127 had @entity5 in the proximal bowel. In these @entity1 , advanced proximal @entity5 was found in 8 (8%), in 6 (13%) and in 11 (33%), respectively. There was no difference regarding the presence of @entity5 in the proximal colon between these groups. The rate of advanced proximal @entity5 was found to be significantly higher in the group with large @entity1127 in the rectosigmoid area than in the groups with small and diminutive @entity1127 (p<0.05). In 104 @entity1 (57%) with @entity1127 (s) in rectum and sigmoid colon, no associated @entity1127 or @entity5 was encountered in the proximal colon. CONCLUSION: Colonoscopy is indicated when @entity6523 , regardless of size, is found on rectosigmoidoscopy performed because of symptoms.

title: Predictive value of morphologic characteristics in rectosigmoid XXXX in the proximal colon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyp', 'polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps', 'adenomatous polyp']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity6523 :: (MESH:D018256,Disease) :: ['adenomatous polyps for the probability of synchronous polyps or cancer']


abstract: @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) are not well recognized in clinical practice, either in primary or in secondary care, and are frequently missed during routine consultations. There is no single instrument (questionnaire or scale) that enables a comprehensive assessment of the range of @entity1109 in @entity191 both for the identification of problems and for the measurement of outcome. Against this background, a multidisciplinary group of experts, including @entity1 group representatives, has developed an @entity1109 screening questionnaire comprising 30 items. This instrument does not provide an overall score of disability and is not a graded or rating instrument. Instead, it is a screening tool designed to draw attention to the presence of @entity1109 and initiate further investigation. In this article, we present the results from an international pilot study assessing feasibility, validity, and acceptability of a nonmotor questionnaire (NMSQuest). Data from 123 @entity191 @entity1 and 96 controls were analyzed. @entity1109 were highly significantly more prevalent in @entity191 compared to controls ( @entity191 , median = 9.0, mean = 9.5 vs. control @entity1109 , median = 5.5, mean = 4.0; Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and t test, P < 0.0001), with @entity191 @entity1 reporting at least 10 different @entity1109 on average per @entity1 . In @entity191 , @entity1109 were highly significantly more prevalent across all disease stages and the number of symptoms correlated significantly with @entity66 . Furthermore, frequently, problems such as @entity892 , dribbling, apathy, blues, taste and smell problems were never previously disclosed to the health professionals.

title: International multicenter pilot study of the first comprehensive self-completed nonmotor symptoms questionnaire for XXXX : the NMSQuest study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['advancing disease and duration of disease']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['NMS', 'Nonmotor symptoms']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD NMS', 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The oocyte plays a key role in reprogramming the epigenetic status of donor cell nuclei, and the absence of reprogramming elements in the cytoplasm or aberrant accumulation of proteins can trigger the abnormal development of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. Previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between oocyte morphology and both embryo development and pregnancy outcome. In the present study, we compared the morphology of oocytes with subsequent development of @entity1 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) embryos. METHODS: Piezo-assisted @entity1358 technology was used to produce reconstructed embryos, with almost 92% of oocytes reconstructed successfully. Depending on their morphologies, we separated metaphase II oocytes into four grades according to criteria which assess oocyte morphology, first polar body and perivitelline space, and especially, cytoplasm granula distribution. RESULTS: Embryos from oocytes of Grades A and B could develop to the blastocyst stage with similar development efficiency for every developmental stage. However, embryos from Grade C oocytes arrested at or before the 8-cell stage then degraded, and the donor cell genome could not be activated and reprogrammed in such oocytes. For Grade D oocytes, cleavage was not observed in the reconstructed embryos, suggesting that the oocytes themselves have no developmental potential. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that different levels of developmental competence of @entity1358 embryos resulting from different oocyte reprogramming potentials associated with different morphologies. The results suggest that effective methods for improving oocyte quality should be studied, and that @entity1 @entity1358 efficiency would be increased following simple assessment of established oocyte morphology criterion.

title: Assessment of the developmental competence of XXXX somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos by oocyte morphology classification.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['somatic cell NT', 'SCNT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) have become the leading cause of @entity204 in China. This article analyzed the trends in all crashes, @entity130 , and fatalities from road traffic crashes from 1951 to 2008 and compared the crash frequency, crash severity, and crash patterns by provinces, types of road, and injured road users. METHODS: Road traffic crash data were obtained from the Bureau of Traffic Management at the Ministry of Public Security and National Bureau of Statistics of China. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Over the past 5 decades, road traffic injuries have increased substantially in China. From 1951 to 2008, the total number of road traffic crashes, @entity130 , and fatalities increased by 43-fold, 58-fold, and 85-fold, respectively. Linear regression suggested a significant decline of 30.1 percent (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.8-35.3) in the mortality rate per 100,000 @entity1 during the period 2002 to 2008. From 2004 to 2008, road traffic crash mortality rate per 100,000 @entity1 varied greatly in China from the lowest of 3.0 in Henan in 2008 to the highest of 21.7 in Xizang in 2004. RTIs in China disproportionally affected the following populations: males, @entity1 21 to 50 years of age, pedestrians, and motorcyclists/bicyclists. Adults aged more than 65 years accounted for approximately 10 percent of total road traffic deaths. Road types and RTIs severity were closely related; highways were associated with greater mortality rates. CONCLUSION: Road traffic injuries have become a burgeoning public health problem in China. Programs need to be developed to prevent @entity130 and fatalities caused by road traffic crashes in this emerging country.

title: Road traffic injuries in the XXXX 's Republic of China, 1951-2008.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'people']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['injury deaths']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['nonfatal injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: Transient @entity302 ( @entity1041 ) is a recently recognised form of @entity302 of which the principle manifestation is recurrent, transient episodes of isolated @entity2414 . In addition to the @entity2730 episodes, many @entity1 describe significant interictal memory difficulties. Performance on standard neuropsychological tests is often normal. However, two unusual forms of @entity2414 have recently been demonstrated in @entity1041 : (i) @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ): the excessively rapid loss of newly acquired memories over a period of days or weeks and (ii) remote autobiographical @entity2414 : a loss of memories for salient, personally experienced events of the past few decades. The neuroanatomical bases of @entity1041 and its associated @entity2414 are unknown. In this study, we first assessed the relationship between subjective and objective memory performance in 41 @entity1 with @entity1041 . We then analysed MRI data from these @entity1 and 20 matched healthy controls, using manual volumetry and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to correlate regional brain volumes with clinical and neuropsychological data. Subjective memory estimates were unrelated to performance on standard neuropsychological tests but were partially predicted by mood, @entity1162 and remote autobiographical memory. Manual volumetry identified subtle hippocampal volume loss in the @entity1 group. Both manual volumetry and VBM revealed correlations between medial temporal lobe @entity194 and standard anterograde memory scores, but no relation between @entity194 and @entity1162 or remote autobiographical memory. These results add weight to the hypothesis that @entity1041 is a syndrome of mesial @entity1315 . Furthermore, they suggest that although standard anterograde memory test performance is related to the degree of mesial temporal lobe damage, this is not true for @entity1162 and autobiographical @entity2730 . It is possible that these unusual @entity2414 have a more diffuse physiological basis rather than being a consequence of discrete structural damage.

title: Transient @entity302 : regional brain atrophy and its relationship to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnesia', 'amnesic']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptic amnesia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['accelerated long-term forgetting', 'ALF']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss', 'memory deficit', 'memory deficits']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory deficits']


abstract: Transient @entity302 ( @entity1041 ) is a recently recognised form of @entity302 of which the principle manifestation is recurrent, transient episodes of isolated @entity2414 . In addition to the @entity2730 episodes, many @entity1 describe significant interictal memory difficulties. Performance on standard neuropsychological tests is often normal. However, two unusual forms of @entity2414 have recently been demonstrated in @entity1041 : (i) @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ): the excessively rapid loss of newly acquired memories over a period of days or weeks and (ii) remote autobiographical @entity2414 : a loss of memories for salient, personally experienced events of the past few decades. The neuroanatomical bases of @entity1041 and its associated @entity2414 are unknown. In this study, we first assessed the relationship between subjective and objective memory performance in 41 @entity1 with @entity1041 . We then analysed MRI data from these @entity1 and 20 matched healthy controls, using manual volumetry and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to correlate regional brain volumes with clinical and neuropsychological data. Subjective memory estimates were unrelated to performance on standard neuropsychological tests but were partially predicted by mood, @entity1162 and remote autobiographical memory. Manual volumetry identified subtle hippocampal volume loss in the @entity1 group. Both manual volumetry and VBM revealed correlations between medial temporal lobe @entity194 and standard anterograde memory scores, but no relation between @entity194 and @entity1162 or remote autobiographical memory. These results add weight to the hypothesis that @entity1041 is a syndrome of mesial @entity1315 . Furthermore, they suggest that although standard anterograde memory test performance is related to the degree of mesial temporal lobe damage, this is not true for @entity1162 and autobiographical @entity2730 . It is possible that these unusual @entity2414 have a more diffuse physiological basis rather than being a consequence of discrete structural damage.

title: Transient XXXX : regional brain atrophy and its relationship to @entity2414 .

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic amnesia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity855 -based chemotherapy response assay ( @entity855 - @entity20171 ) is a well-documented and validated technology that can individualize chemotherapy for @entity1 with lung, stomach, or @entity0 . This study explored the feasibility of @entity855 - @entity20171 as a chemosensitivity test in @entity1 with @entity14 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 118 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection for @entity14 were analyzed for chemosensitivity to 6 anticancer drugs using @entity855 - @entity20171 . We calculated the cell death rate (CDR) by measuring intracellular @entity855 levels of drug-exposed cells and untreated controls. RESULTS: Interpretable results were available for 85.5% (118/138) of @entity1 . The mean coefficient of variation for triplicate @entity855 measurements was 9.2%. The highest CDR was observed in @entity2600 (34.0%) and the lowest CDR in etoposide (21.0%). @entity1311 had the broadest range of CDR (0-86.7%) and @entity1487 had the narrowest range of CDR (0-56.8%). The overall highest responsiveness was seen most prevalently in @entity2600 (24.7%, 23/93 @entity1 ). @entity2600 had the greatest responsiveness in @entity1 with well differentiated and moderately differentiated @entity189 . CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that @entity855 - @entity20171 could be used to identify @entity1 with @entity14 who might benefit from treatment with a specific chemotherapeutic agent.

title: Heterogeneity of @entity855 -based chemotherapy response assay in XXXX --secondary publication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity855 -based chemotherapy response assay ( @entity855 - @entity20171 ) is a well-documented and validated technology that can individualize chemotherapy for @entity1 with lung, stomach, or @entity0 . This study explored the feasibility of @entity855 - @entity20171 as a chemosensitivity test in @entity1 with @entity14 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 118 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection for @entity14 were analyzed for chemosensitivity to 6 anticancer drugs using @entity855 - @entity20171 . We calculated the cell death rate (CDR) by measuring intracellular @entity855 levels of drug-exposed cells and untreated controls. RESULTS: Interpretable results were available for 85.5% (118/138) of @entity1 . The mean coefficient of variation for triplicate @entity855 measurements was 9.2%. The highest CDR was observed in @entity2600 (34.0%) and the lowest CDR in etoposide (21.0%). @entity1311 had the broadest range of CDR (0-86.7%) and @entity1487 had the narrowest range of CDR (0-56.8%). The overall highest responsiveness was seen most prevalently in @entity2600 (24.7%, 23/93 @entity1 ). @entity2600 had the greatest responsiveness in @entity1 with well differentiated and moderately differentiated @entity189 . CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that @entity855 - @entity20171 could be used to identify @entity1 with @entity14 who might benefit from treatment with a specific chemotherapeutic agent.

title: Heterogeneity of XXXX -based chemotherapy response assay in @entity14 --secondary publication.

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['adenosine triphosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of a strategy to prevent @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) in @entity1 undergoing general surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: A first period was observational. During a second period, a strategy to prevent @entity1209 was based on five @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) identified after the first phase. From two @entity4059 , antiemetic treatment was given according to the number of @entity4059 . The incidence of @entity1209 was recorded in postoperative anaesthesic care unit (PACU) and at the 24th postoperative hour (24h). RESULTS: We prospectively enrolled 823 @entity1 . Implementation of a prophylactic @entity1209 strategy was associated with a decrease of @entity390 in PACU from 29.9 to 9.8% (P<0.001) and at 24h from 19 to 10.3% (P<0.001). Vomiting decreased from 12.4 to 2.3% (P<0.001) in PACU and from 5.6 to 3.7% at 24h (non-significant). CONCLUSION: Prophylaxis of @entity1209 by the administration of antiemetic treatment according to a strategy based on a local risk score was efficient and associated with a significant decrease of @entity1209 .

title: Impact of a prophylactic strategy on the incidence of XXXX and vomiting after general surgery.

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'risk factors']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the short- and long-term results of right extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) for @entity3620 (MM) via median sternotomy or thoracotomy. METHODS: We analysed the results of EPP in consecutive @entity1 with early stage MM undergoing a radical surgery protocol for MM over a 7-year period. Initially thoracotomy, but later median sternotomy, was the incision of choice for @entity5 . The effects of the change of approach on perioperative course and survival were analysed. RESULTS: EPP was performed in 105 @entity1 (50 left thoracotomy, 22 right thoracotomy, 28 sternotomy, 5 combined sternotomy and right thoracotomy). Operation time was faster with median sternotomy than right thoracotomy (p=0.008). Right thoracotomy was associated with higher epidural infusion volume in the first 3 days than median sternotomy (p<0.001). There were fewer @entity260 in the sternotomy group (p=0.05). There were no differences in pathological stage, completeness of resection or duration of postoperative stay. Median survival following left thoracotomy, right thoracotomy and median sternotomy was 18.3, 8.5 and 17.7 months, respectively (p=0.02). Planned neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy was more common following median sternotomy than right thoracotomy (p=0.01). However, compared with the left thoracotomy and sternotomy groups, right EPP performed via thoracotomy was an independent predictor of poor prognosis (hazard ratio 2.3 (95% confidence intervals, CI 1.3-4.1), p=0.02). No wound complications or @entity5 recurrence have been observed following median sternotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Median sternotomy should be considered as an alternative approach to thoracotomy for right EPP.

title: Right extrapleural pneumonectomy for XXXX via median sternotomy or thoracotomy? Short- and long-term results.

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['right-sided tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapy with @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) is beneficial in @entity1 with @entity565 . However, in preschool @entity1 with symptoms like cough, wheeze, or @entity1353 diagnosing @entity565 is difficult. Therefore, the role of @entity4185 in the management of preschool @entity1 with recurrent @entity1576 is unclear. We assessed the effectiveness of @entity4185 in preschool @entity1 with recurrent @entity1576 in general practice. METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial, 96 @entity1 aged 1-5 years consulting their general practitioners for recurrent @entity1576 and in whom treatment with @entity4185 was considered by the general practitioner were randomly allocated to receive @entity4185 ( @entity5023 200 mcg/day by metered dose inhaler/spacer combination) or placebo for 6 months. Outcome assessments were carried out 1, 3, and 6 months after randomization. The primary outcome measure was the symptom score (cough, @entity1353 and wheeze during day and night) as measured by a symptom diary card. Secondary endpoints were symptom-free days, use of rescue medication, adverse events, and lung function variables as measured by the interrupter technique and forced oscillation technique. RESULTS: During the 6 months treatment period, symptoms improved in both groups, with no differences between @entity4185 and placebo. In addition, none of the secondary outcome parameters showed differences between both treatment groups. CONCLUSION: @entity4185 treatment has no beneficial effect in preschool @entity1 with recurrent @entity1576 in general practice. We therefore recommend a watchful waiting policy with only symptomatic treatment in these @entity1 . General practitioners and pediatricians should be aware of the high probability of overtreatment when prescribing @entity4185 in these @entity1 .

title: Inhaled corticosteroids for recurrent XXXX in preschool @entity1 in general practice: randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['inhaled corticosteroids', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapy with @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) is beneficial in @entity1 with @entity565 . However, in preschool @entity1 with symptoms like cough, wheeze, or @entity1353 diagnosing @entity565 is difficult. Therefore, the role of @entity4185 in the management of preschool @entity1 with recurrent @entity1576 is unclear. We assessed the effectiveness of @entity4185 in preschool @entity1 with recurrent @entity1576 in general practice. METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial, 96 @entity1 aged 1-5 years consulting their general practitioners for recurrent @entity1576 and in whom treatment with @entity4185 was considered by the general practitioner were randomly allocated to receive @entity4185 ( @entity5023 200 mcg/day by metered dose inhaler/spacer combination) or placebo for 6 months. Outcome assessments were carried out 1, 3, and 6 months after randomization. The primary outcome measure was the symptom score (cough, @entity1353 and wheeze during day and night) as measured by a symptom diary card. Secondary endpoints were symptom-free days, use of rescue medication, adverse events, and lung function variables as measured by the interrupter technique and forced oscillation technique. RESULTS: During the 6 months treatment period, symptoms improved in both groups, with no differences between @entity4185 and placebo. In addition, none of the secondary outcome parameters showed differences between both treatment groups. CONCLUSION: @entity4185 treatment has no beneficial effect in preschool @entity1 with recurrent @entity1576 in general practice. We therefore recommend a watchful waiting policy with only symptomatic treatment in these @entity1 . General practitioners and pediatricians should be aware of the high probability of overtreatment when prescribing @entity4185 in these @entity1 .

title: Inhaled corticosteroids for recurrent @entity1576 in preschool XXXX in general practice: randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not @entity5 volume (TV) has an impact on survival in @entity1149 . METHODS: In a retrospective analysis of 385 cases with NSCLC who underwent curative surgery between 1994 and 2003, we calculated the @entity5 volume by using an ellipsoidal formula. The @entity1 were grouped according to TV as determined by histograms. Gender, age, histology, nodal involvement, size, and TV were analyzed. Multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazards regression model was performed to identify the prognosis. RESULTS: Cases of N0 showed a significantly lower TV than cases with other N statuses (p < 0.05). A significant difference was also observed between TV and histology or gender. The 189 @entity1 belonging to the small volume group (SVG) (range, 0.105 to 9.265 cm3) had a significantly better overall survival rate than the other 196 @entity1 in the large volume group (LVG) (9.266-366.522 cm3). With univariate analysis, gender, age, nodal involvement, size, and TV were significantly associated with prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that only gender (p = 0.0184) and nodal involvement (p = 0.0001) were significantly independent prognostic factors. The size factor was not significant (p = 0.5285). However, TV was not an independent factor, but trending toward significance (p = 0.0801). CONCLUSIONS: Although TV provides no independent prognostic information with multivariate analysis, TV in NSCLC should be considered using volumetric measurement with a three-dimensional CT approach prior to surgery or treatment planning.

title: The value of @entity5 volume in surgically resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not @entity5 volume (TV) has an impact on survival in @entity1149 . METHODS: In a retrospective analysis of 385 cases with NSCLC who underwent curative surgery between 1994 and 2003, we calculated the @entity5 volume by using an ellipsoidal formula. The @entity1 were grouped according to TV as determined by histograms. Gender, age, histology, nodal involvement, size, and TV were analyzed. Multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazards regression model was performed to identify the prognosis. RESULTS: Cases of N0 showed a significantly lower TV than cases with other N statuses (p < 0.05). A significant difference was also observed between TV and histology or gender. The 189 @entity1 belonging to the small volume group (SVG) (range, 0.105 to 9.265 cm3) had a significantly better overall survival rate than the other 196 @entity1 in the large volume group (LVG) (9.266-366.522 cm3). With univariate analysis, gender, age, nodal involvement, size, and TV were significantly associated with prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that only gender (p = 0.0184) and nodal involvement (p = 0.0001) were significantly independent prognostic factors. The size factor was not significant (p = 0.5285). However, TV was not an independent factor, but trending toward significance (p = 0.0801). CONCLUSIONS: Although TV provides no independent prognostic information with multivariate analysis, TV in NSCLC should be considered using volumetric measurement with a three-dimensional CT approach prior to surgery or treatment planning.

title: The value of XXXX volume in surgically resected @entity1149 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detection of micrometastatic disease is an interesting area in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We conducted a study to determine whether the detection of mediastinal lymph node spread by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis offers some prognosis with respect to @entity1 ' disease-free survival or not. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2003, twenty-one early stage @entity2 @entity1 underwent complete resection with mediastinoscopy and systemic nodal dissection. Four hundred and twenty-six paraffin-embedded lymph node sections from 21 @entity1 were analyzed. Epithelial specific-antigen Ab-9 and Keratin-Pan Ab-1 were used as IHC marker. RESULTS: Based on nodal spread four of the 21 @entity1 (19.04%) were up-staged after IHC analysis. Two @entity1 with stage IB (T2N0) up-staged to stage IIIA (T2N2); two @entity1 staged as IIB (T2N1) up-staged to IIIA (T2N2). Statistical analysis showed that the lymphatic dissemination detected with IHC analysis was associated with reduced disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides some indication that @entity1 with lymphatic micrometastasis have a reduced DFS. Before creating a new TNM staging system, more information is needed to understand the prognostic impact of micrometastatic dissemination.

title: The impact of immunohistochemical detection of positive lymph nodes in early stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer', 'NSCLC']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical course and management of @entity1 with a pathologic diagnosis of "healed" @entity226 ( @entity226 ), and to determine whether previously published histological descriptions of healed @entity3468 can identify @entity1 with a greater likelihood of clinically significant @entity3468 . METHODS: All temporal artery biopsy reports between 1994 and 2003 were examined for a diagnosis of "healed @entity3468 ." Two rheumatologists abstracted the medical record for presenting features, physical findings, comorbid conditions, and data on treatment and outcomes. One pathologist, blinded to the clinical data, reviewed all specimens and reinterpreted the biopsies according to published histological descriptions of healed @entity3468 . RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 with an initial pathologic diagnosis of healed @entity3468 were identified. In 54% of these @entity1 , @entity228 therapy did not change after the diagnosis of healed @entity3468 was documented in the pathology report. Seventy percent were ultimately treated with no corticosteroids or low-moderate @entity228 regimens. Only 32% of the initial cases were confirmed upon review of the biopsies using standardized histological criteria. @entity1 with confirmed healed @entity3468 were more likely to have a documented history of @entity2760 rheumatica/ @entity226 and a longer duration of @entity228 treatment before biopsy. These @entity1 were not more likely to have adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION: In this case series, the diagnosis of healed @entity3468 had little effect on treatment decisions. In most cases, the initial pathologic diagnosis of healed @entity3468 was not confirmed when biopsies were reviewed by a single pathologist using uniform histological criteria.

title: Clinical course and management of a consecutive series of @entity1 with "healed XXXX ".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis', 'GCA']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity2760 :: ('MESH:D011111', 'Disease') :: ['polymyalgia']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['temporal arteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical course and management of @entity1 with a pathologic diagnosis of "healed" @entity226 ( @entity226 ), and to determine whether previously published histological descriptions of healed @entity3468 can identify @entity1 with a greater likelihood of clinically significant @entity3468 . METHODS: All temporal artery biopsy reports between 1994 and 2003 were examined for a diagnosis of "healed @entity3468 ." Two rheumatologists abstracted the medical record for presenting features, physical findings, comorbid conditions, and data on treatment and outcomes. One pathologist, blinded to the clinical data, reviewed all specimens and reinterpreted the biopsies according to published histological descriptions of healed @entity3468 . RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 with an initial pathologic diagnosis of healed @entity3468 were identified. In 54% of these @entity1 , @entity228 therapy did not change after the diagnosis of healed @entity3468 was documented in the pathology report. Seventy percent were ultimately treated with no corticosteroids or low-moderate @entity228 regimens. Only 32% of the initial cases were confirmed upon review of the biopsies using standardized histological criteria. @entity1 with confirmed healed @entity3468 were more likely to have a documented history of @entity2760 rheumatica/ @entity226 and a longer duration of @entity228 treatment before biopsy. These @entity1 were not more likely to have adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION: In this case series, the diagnosis of healed @entity3468 had little effect on treatment decisions. In most cases, the initial pathologic diagnosis of healed @entity3468 was not confirmed when biopsies were reviewed by a single pathologist using uniform histological criteria.

title: Clinical course and management of a consecutive series of XXXX with "healed @entity226 ".

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although functional cerebral asymmetries (FCAs) affect all cognitive domains, their modulation of the efficacy of specific executive functions is largely unexplored. In the present study, we used a lateralized version of the task switching paradigm to investigate the relevance of hemispheric asymmetries for cognitive control processes. Words were tachistoscopically presented in the left (LVF) and @entity227 ( @entity227 ). @entity1 had to categorise the words either based on their initial letters, or according to their word type. On half of the trials the task changed (switch trials) whereas on the other half it stayed the same (repeat trials). ERPs were recorded and the neural sources of the ERPs were reconstructed using standardised low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA). In the word type task, @entity1 were faster on repeat trials when stimuli were presented in the @entity227 . In contrast, in the initial letter task @entity1 were faster on repeat trials and in general more accurate after stimulus presentation in the LVF. In both tasks, no hemispheric asymmetries in reaction times were observed on switch trials. On the electrophysiological level, we observed a left lateralization of the N1 that was mediated by activation in the left extrastriate cortex as well as a greater positivity of the P3b after stimulus presentation in the @entity227 compared to the LVF that was mediated by activation in the superior parietal cortex. These results show that FCAs affect the neurophysiological correlates of executive functions related to task switching. The relation of neurophysiological and behavioural asymmetries is mediated by task complexity, with more complex tasks leading to more interhemispheric interaction and smaller left-right differences in behavioural measures. These findings reveal that FCAs are an important modulator of executive functions related to @entity73 .

title: Hemispheric asymmetries and XXXX : an ERP and sLORETA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive flexibility']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['RVF', 'right visual half field']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive flexibility']


abstract: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is a pathologically heterogeneous disease, including injury to both neuronal cell bodies and axonal processes. Global @entity62 is common after @entity131 . This study was designed to determine the relationship between neuroimaging markers of acute @entity21 ( @entity21 ) and @entity194 months later. We performed high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla (T) in 20 @entity1 who suffered non-penetrating @entity131 , during the acute (within 1 month after the injury) and chronic stage (at least 6 months after the injury). Volume of abnormal fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) signal seen in white matter in both acute and follow-up scans was quantified. White and gray matter volumes were also quantified. Functional outcome was measured using the Functional Status Examination (FSE) at the time of the chronic scan. Change in brain volumes, including whole brain volume (WBV), white matter volume (WMV), and gray matter volume (GMV), correlates significantly with acute @entity21 volume (r = -0.69, -0.59, -0.58, respectively; p <0.01 for all). Volume of acute FLAIR hyperintensities correlates with volume of decreased FLAIR signal in the follow-up scans (r = -0.86, p < 0.001). FSE performance correlates with acute hyperintensity volume and chronic @entity194 (r = 0.53, p = 0.02; r = -0.45, p = 0.03, respectively). Acute @entity66 measured by FLAIR imaging are strongly predictive of post-traumatic @entity194 . Our findings suggest that axonal pathology measured as @entity62 following @entity131 can be identified using MRI, and may be a useful measure for @entity21 -directed therapies.

title: XXXX after traumatic white matter injury: correlation with acute neuroimaging and outcome.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['axonal lesions']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['DAI', 'diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of both gray and white matter', 'white matter lesions']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['Cerebral atrophy']


abstract: CASE DESCRIPTION: A 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly was evaluated because of @entity548 from the vulva and suspected @entity811 of 5 days' duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS: A primary @entity1003 was ruled out on the basis of results of hematologic testing. Vaginoscopy and cystoscopy revealed a large bleeding mass in the bladder that extended into the vagina, causing marked obliteration of normal urogenital structures and difficulty in urination. Histologic examination of endoscopic and surgical biopsy specimens revealed a poorly differentiated @entity5 likely of mesenchymal origin. Chronic @entity2335 caused by @entity11674 was also diagnosed. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The @entity5 continued to grow despite treatment with @entity632 and, within 45 days, was causing substantial discomfort and stranguria. Given the grave prognosis, the @entity1641 was euthanized. At necropsy, the @entity5 was found to have caused widespread destruction of the urinary bladder and to have invaded the broad ligament of the uterus. The mass was identified as a poorly differentiated @entity1822 on the basis of results of histologic examination and immunohistochemical staining for alpha-actin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that @entity1822 should be considered in the differential diagnosis when examining @entity1641 with @entity548 .

title: Poorly differentiated XXXX of the urogenital tract in a @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity11674 :: ('40041', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus zooepidemicus']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['suppurative cystitis']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: CASE DESCRIPTION: A 2-year-old Thoroughbred filly was evaluated because of @entity548 from the vulva and suspected @entity811 of 5 days' duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS: A primary @entity1003 was ruled out on the basis of results of hematologic testing. Vaginoscopy and cystoscopy revealed a large bleeding mass in the bladder that extended into the vagina, causing marked obliteration of normal urogenital structures and difficulty in urination. Histologic examination of endoscopic and surgical biopsy specimens revealed a poorly differentiated @entity5 likely of mesenchymal origin. Chronic @entity2335 caused by @entity11674 was also diagnosed. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: The @entity5 continued to grow despite treatment with @entity632 and, within 45 days, was causing substantial discomfort and stranguria. Given the grave prognosis, the @entity1641 was euthanized. At necropsy, the @entity5 was found to have caused widespread destruction of the urinary bladder and to have invaded the broad ligament of the uterus. The mass was identified as a poorly differentiated @entity1822 on the basis of results of histologic examination and immunohistochemical staining for alpha-actin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that @entity1822 should be considered in the differential diagnosis when examining @entity1641 with @entity548 .

title: Poorly differentiated @entity1822 of the urogenital tract in a XXXX .

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: In this review, the pitfalls that still exist with the surgical treatment of endometriosisassociatedpelvic @entity158 have been discussed and the best evidence regarding various aspects of surgical techniques have been reviewed. When laparoscopy is performed to evaluate a @entity1 with @entity2371 , it is important she be counseled that the primary function of the surgery is to confirm the presence (and allow surgical treatment) of @entity46 , and that it is not the penultimate diagnostic modality for her @entity2371 . There are many etiologies of @entity2371 that present with symptoms resembling those of @entity2371 that are not diagnosable with laparoscopy, such as @entity2335 and @entity1744 . It is unfortunate that many @entity1 are left with the belief that if a laparoscopy fails to provide a diagnosis of a @entity158 generator, then it means there are no diagnoses other than that the    @entity158 is in her head,    often disparagingly termed    supratentorial    byclinicians. In fact, the @entity158 -related diagnoses that are amenable to and possibly require a laparoscopy are quite limited, a group of diagnoses that this author terms the    dirty dozen    because there are just 12, and only the first 4 have good evidence to clearly associate them with chronic @entity2371 :1. Endometriosis 2. @entity43 3. Pelvic inflammatory disease 4. @entity9414 5. Adhesions 6. @entity6018 7. Postoperative peritoneal cysts 8. @entity4134 (nonendometriotic)9. Chronic ectopic pregnancy 10. @entity14708 11. Residual accessory ovary 12. @entity547 : ventral, inguinal, femoral, spigelian.I would argue that diagnostic laparoscopy in modern gynecology has a limited, if any role, and that when laparoscopy is planned for @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 , it should be with a very high suspicion of a diagnosis and with plans to treat the disease operatively. In this era, a negative diagnostic laparoscopy should be a rare event.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian remnant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14708 :: ('MESH:C537064', 'Disease') :: ['Endosalpingiosis']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['Adnexal cysts']

entities_list: @entity6018 :: ('MESH:D018261', 'Disease') :: ['Benign cystic mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain symptoms', 'pelvic pain', 'endometriosis-associated pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity9414 :: ('MESH:D012488', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculous salpingitis']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter-related @entity281 (CRBSI) causes substantial morbidity and mortality, but few randomized, controlled studies have been conducted to guide therapeutic interventions. METHODS: To determine whether @entity5136 would be noninferior to @entity2176 in @entity1 with CRBSI, we conducted an open-label, multicenter, comparative study. @entity1 with suspected CRBSI were randomized to receive @entity5136 or @entity2176 (control group). The primary end point was microbiologic outcome at test of cure 1-2 weeks after treatment, as assessed by step-down procedure. The first analysis population was complicated skin and skin structure infection (cSSSI) in @entity1 with suspected CRBSI; @entity1 with CRBSI were analyzed if noninferiority criteria (lower bound of the 95% confidence interval [CI] not outside -15%) were met. RESULTS: Noninferiority criteria were met for cSSSI (microbiologic success rate for @entity5136 recipients, 89.6% [146 for 163 @entity1 ]; for the control group, 89.9% [134 of 149]; 95% CI, -7.1 to 6.4) and CRBSI (for @entity5136 recipients, 86.3% [82 of 95]; for the control group, 90.5% [67 of 74]; 95% CI, -13.8 to 5.4). The frequency and severity of adverse events were similar between groups. Mortality rates were 10.4% for @entity5136 recipients (28 of 269 @entity1 ) and 10.1% for control subjects (26 of 257) in the modified intent-to-treat population (i.e., all @entity1 with gram-positive baseline culture) through test of cure, and they were 21.5% for @entity5136 recipients (78 of 363) and 16.0% for the control group (58 of 363; 95% CI, -0.2 to 11.2) for all treated @entity1 through poststudy treatment day 84. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5136 demonstrated microbiologic success rates noninferior to those for @entity2176 in @entity1 with cSSSIs and CRBSIs caused by gram-positive organisms. @entity1 with @entity1212 must be carefully investigated for the heterogeneous underlying causes of high morbidity and mortality, particularly for infections with gram-negative organisms.

title: Complicated skin and skin-structure infections and catheter-related bloodstream infections: noninferiority of XXXX in a phase 3 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related infections']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid', 'Linezolid']

answer: @entity5136 :: (MESH:C098010,Chemical) :: ['linezolid']


abstract: The most important feature of right @entity4032 in the heart is the presence of both atria with morphologically right atrial appendages. The main aim of this study was to do a description of clinical and echocardiographic findings in adult @entity1 with right @entity4032 . A total of eleven consecutive @entity1 were identified with a diagnosis of @entity299 . A complete clinical history and transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography were performed in all @entity1 . Also a cardiac catheterization was realized in seven @entity1 . The functional class according the New York Heart Association was I in one @entity1 , II in 5 and III in 5. The laboratory studies showed severe polyglobulia. In 3 cases @entity5342 were present. The electrocardiogram showed migratory pacemaker in the 54.5% of cases. The cardiac position was @entity5512 in six @entity1 (54.5%) and @entity25383 in five (45.5%). Six @entity1 (54.5%) had complete @entity474 , 4 (36.4%) double inlet and one absence of a right atrioventricular connection (9.1%). The most frequent ventriculoarterial connection was double-inlet in 8 (72.76%) @entity1 . In 4 cases @entity358 was found. Six @entity1 had severe @entity849 and one @entity1146 . The @entity358 was into the left-sided atrium in 3 cases (27.2%), into the right-sided atrium in 4 (36.4%), into the midline of the atrium through a collector in 3 cases (27.4%) and by vertical vein in one (9.0%). Insufficiency of the @entity340 was found in 7 cases (63.6%). Three @entity1 (27.3%) went to surgery for implantation of a @entity292 . It is a series of adult @entity1 with @entity299 that survived to adult live. The clinical and echocardiographic assessment actually allows establishing the correct diagnosis, to take therapeutic decisions and to do the follow-up in all @entity1 . Till now we could not yet determine the differences of these @entity1 in relation to the general population when they develop @entity102 .

title: [Right XXXX in adults. Clinical and echocardiographic study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5342 :: ('MESH:C536164', 'Disease') :: ['Howell-Jolly bodies']

entities_list: @entity5512 :: ('MESH:D003914', 'Disease') :: ['dextrocardia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic degenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous drainage', 'hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['right atrial isomerism and complex congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['atrial isomerism']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve']

entities_list: @entity25383 :: ('MESH:D007979', 'Disease') :: ['levocardia']

answer: @entity4032 :: (MESH:D059446,Disease) :: ['atrial isomerism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This report presents estimates on the availability of pediatric services, expertise, and supplies for treating @entity341 in U.S. hospitals. METHODS: The Emergency Pediatric Services and Equipment Supplement (EPSES) was a self-administered questionnaire added to the 2002-03 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). NHAMCS samples non-Federal, short-stay and general hospitals in the United States. The EPSES content was based on the 2001 guidelines for pediatric services, medical expertise, small-sized supplies, and equipment for @entity341 ( @entity341 ) developed by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). Combined response rate for both years was 86 percent. Estimates were weighted to produce average annual estimates of pediatric services, expertise, and equipment availability in @entity341 . RESULTS: One-half of hospitals (52.9 percent) admitted pediatric @entity1 , but did not have a specialized inpatient pediatric ward. One-third (38.3 percent) admitted pediatric @entity1 and had a separate pediatric ward; the remainder did not admit pediatric @entity1 . Among those that did not admit pediatric cases, 30.4 percent were in counties that had a @entity1 's hospital. One-quarter of @entity341 had access 24 hours and 7 days a week to a board-certified pediatric emergency medicine attending physician. Only 5.5 percent had all recommended pediatric supplies, but one-half had greater than 85 percent of recommended supplies. Most hospitals without pediatric @entity130 service (90.7 percent) or pediatric intensive care units (97.5 percent) transferred critical pediatric @entity1 to hospitals with these services. @entity341 in hospitals with specialized inpatient facilities for @entity1 were more likely to meet the AAP and ACEP guidelines for pediatric ED services, expertise, and supplies.

title: Availability of pediatric services and equipment in XXXX : United States, 2002-03.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'pediatric emergencies', 'EDs']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency departments']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2213 is a potent inhibitor of the @entity1861 , @entity2467 , and @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ) @entity669 kinases. On the basis of variable expression of @entity2467 and @entity3820 in @entity0 and of in vitro data supporting synergy between @entity2213 and @entity416 , the Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial of the combination in metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had progressive, measurable metastatic @entity0 and received<or=2 previous chemotherapy regimens for @entity3 . Previous @entity1487 or @entity416 for @entity3 was not allowed. @entity1 were accrued on a 2-stage design and received @entity2213 400 mg by mouth daily and @entity416 at 1000 mg/m2 by mouth twice daily for 14 days of a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was the confirmed response rate (RR). @entity5 were evaluated for @entity2467 , @entity3820 , and hormone receptor expression. RESULTS: Nineteen fully evaluable @entity1 were enrolled, with a confirmed RR of 11% (95% CI, 1%-33%). Eleven percent had unconfirmed partial responses, and 42% had stable disease. The trial did not accrue to the second stage. The estimated 6-month progression-free survival was 16% (95% CI, 0%-32%), and the median overall survival was 14 months (95% CI, 7-15 months). The combination was well tolerated. Of 8 available @entity5 samples, 2 stained for @entity2467 , and all had stromal staining for @entity3820 . CONCLUSION: In unselected @entity1 , the combination of @entity2213 and @entity416 was well tolerated but did not result in improved RRs compared to those reported with @entity416 alone.

title: A phase II study of @entity2213 and @entity416 in metastatic XXXX : Southwest Oncology Group Study 0338.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity3820 :: ('5159', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFR', 'platelet-derived growth factor receptor', 'PDGFR-beta']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib mesylate', 'imatinib mesylate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2213 is a potent inhibitor of the @entity1861 , @entity2467 , and @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ) @entity669 kinases. On the basis of variable expression of @entity2467 and @entity3820 in @entity0 and of in vitro data supporting synergy between @entity2213 and @entity416 , the Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial of the combination in metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had progressive, measurable metastatic @entity0 and received<or=2 previous chemotherapy regimens for @entity3 . Previous @entity1487 or @entity416 for @entity3 was not allowed. @entity1 were accrued on a 2-stage design and received @entity2213 400 mg by mouth daily and @entity416 at 1000 mg/m2 by mouth twice daily for 14 days of a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was the confirmed response rate (RR). @entity5 were evaluated for @entity2467 , @entity3820 , and hormone receptor expression. RESULTS: Nineteen fully evaluable @entity1 were enrolled, with a confirmed RR of 11% (95% CI, 1%-33%). Eleven percent had unconfirmed partial responses, and 42% had stable disease. The trial did not accrue to the second stage. The estimated 6-month progression-free survival was 16% (95% CI, 0%-32%), and the median overall survival was 14 months (95% CI, 7-15 months). The combination was well tolerated. Of 8 available @entity5 samples, 2 stained for @entity2467 , and all had stromal staining for @entity3820 . CONCLUSION: In unselected @entity1 , the combination of @entity2213 and @entity416 was well tolerated but did not result in improved RRs compared to those reported with @entity416 alone.

title: A phase II study of @entity2213 and XXXX in metastatic @entity0 : Southwest Oncology Group Study 0338.

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2213 is a potent inhibitor of the @entity1861 , @entity2467 , and @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ) @entity669 kinases. On the basis of variable expression of @entity2467 and @entity3820 in @entity0 and of in vitro data supporting synergy between @entity2213 and @entity416 , the Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial of the combination in metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had progressive, measurable metastatic @entity0 and received<or=2 previous chemotherapy regimens for @entity3 . Previous @entity1487 or @entity416 for @entity3 was not allowed. @entity1 were accrued on a 2-stage design and received @entity2213 400 mg by mouth daily and @entity416 at 1000 mg/m2 by mouth twice daily for 14 days of a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was the confirmed response rate (RR). @entity5 were evaluated for @entity2467 , @entity3820 , and hormone receptor expression. RESULTS: Nineteen fully evaluable @entity1 were enrolled, with a confirmed RR of 11% (95% CI, 1%-33%). Eleven percent had unconfirmed partial responses, and 42% had stable disease. The trial did not accrue to the second stage. The estimated 6-month progression-free survival was 16% (95% CI, 0%-32%), and the median overall survival was 14 months (95% CI, 7-15 months). The combination was well tolerated. Of 8 available @entity5 samples, 2 stained for @entity2467 , and all had stromal staining for @entity3820 . CONCLUSION: In unselected @entity1 , the combination of @entity2213 and @entity416 was well tolerated but did not result in improved RRs compared to those reported with @entity416 alone.

title: A phase II study of XXXX and @entity416 in metastatic @entity0 : Southwest Oncology Group Study 0338.

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib mesylate']