abstract: Considerable experience has been gained with endoluminal stent-graft techniques for the treatment of @entity449 . The inclusion of uncovered suprarenal stents eases the treatment of cases with a short, angulated, or bottlenecked proximal neck. However, few data have been published on the effect of a stent-graft crossing renal artery ostia on long-term renal function. We therefore retrospectively analyzed the influence of intra-aortic stent-grafts, including suprarenal fixation on long-term renal function. Thirty-nine @entity1 who received a Gianturco Z stent across renal artery ostia as part of a made-to-measure stent-graft treating an @entity449 were evaluated at 6 (all @entity1 ) and 30 months (15 @entity1 ) after surgery. Renal function evaluation included serum @entity1011 level, @entity1011 clearance using the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and renal tomography. Initial technical success was achieved in all @entity1 . There were no minor or major complications. Mean serum @entity1011 levels were 1.16 +/- 0.25, 1.12 +/- 0.28, and 1.24 +/- 0.25 mg/dL before and 6 and 30 months after endoluminal stent-graft performance, respectively (P = not significant [NS]). Mean @entity1011 clearances were 60.3 +/- 19.7, 63 +/- 23, and 60.6 +/- 17.5 mL/min before and 6 and 30 months after endoluminal stent-graft performance, respectively (P = NS). Only two @entity1 (5%) had a decrease in glomerular filtration rate greater than 20% at 6 months. Both @entity1 had @entity177 before endovascular grafting. Renal function was stable in all @entity1 at 30 months' follow-up. We suggest that renal function is unaffected by @entity8 with Gianturco Z stents.

title: Renal function after aortic stent-grafting including XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['coverage of renal arterial ostia']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal aortic aneurysms', 'infrarenal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['coverage of renal arterial ostia']


abstract: @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) and @entity842 (NO) have been suggested to have a focal role in the regulation of placental and fetal growth. @entity205 (CsA) has been shown to strongly modulate @entity2232 and NO synthesis and thus has the potential to affect fetal growth and maternal state. Eleven CsA-treated female kidney transplant recipients were recruited. Fourteen healthy pregnant @entity1 served as controls. Placental expression of @entity2232 and tissue factor (TF) was evaluated by in situ hybridization, and @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) was evaluated by staining with the reduced form of @entity1110 ( @entity1110 )-diaphorase and in situ hybridization. Kidney transplant recipients showed a marked reduction in @entity1110 -diaphorase staining, as well as endothelial constitutive @entity3623 ( @entity9554 ) messenger RNA, whereas inducible @entity3623 expression was unchanged. Normal placenta showed a strong positive @entity2232 signal along the endothelium of uteroplacental arteries within the basal plate, which increased markedly in decidua of transplant recipients. Thus, transplant recipients showed a remarkable alteration in @entity2232 / @entity9554 balance without alteration in fetal growth or maternal renal function. Next, we explored the state of placental endothelial cell activation downstream from vasoactive factors by evaluating TF gene expression. Transplant recipients did not show modification of TF transcript compared with healthy pregnant @entity1 . CsA potently affected the placental @entity2232 / @entity9554 vasoactive balance. Nevertheless, newborns from transplant recipient mothers were appropriate for gestational age, and transplant recipients did not show systemic @entity101 or impending @entity8 . It is suggested that CsA may blunt the activation of endothelial cells and priming of endothelial-derived substances, which possibly lie downstream from the cited vasoactive agents.

title: Placental imbalance of vasoactive factors does not affect pregnancy outcome in @entity1 treated with XXXX after transplantation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['NADPH', 'nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporine A']


abstract: @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) and @entity842 (NO) have been suggested to have a focal role in the regulation of placental and fetal growth. @entity205 (CsA) has been shown to strongly modulate @entity2232 and NO synthesis and thus has the potential to affect fetal growth and maternal state. Eleven CsA-treated female kidney transplant recipients were recruited. Fourteen healthy pregnant @entity1 served as controls. Placental expression of @entity2232 and tissue factor (TF) was evaluated by in situ hybridization, and @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ) was evaluated by staining with the reduced form of @entity1110 ( @entity1110 )-diaphorase and in situ hybridization. Kidney transplant recipients showed a marked reduction in @entity1110 -diaphorase staining, as well as endothelial constitutive @entity3623 ( @entity9554 ) messenger RNA, whereas inducible @entity3623 expression was unchanged. Normal placenta showed a strong positive @entity2232 signal along the endothelium of uteroplacental arteries within the basal plate, which increased markedly in decidua of transplant recipients. Thus, transplant recipients showed a remarkable alteration in @entity2232 / @entity9554 balance without alteration in fetal growth or maternal renal function. Next, we explored the state of placental endothelial cell activation downstream from vasoactive factors by evaluating TF gene expression. Transplant recipients did not show modification of TF transcript compared with healthy pregnant @entity1 . CsA potently affected the placental @entity2232 / @entity9554 vasoactive balance. Nevertheless, newborns from transplant recipient mothers were appropriate for gestational age, and transplant recipients did not show systemic @entity101 or impending @entity8 . It is suggested that CsA may blunt the activation of endothelial cells and priming of endothelial-derived substances, which possibly lie downstream from the cited vasoactive agents.

title: Placental imbalance of vasoactive factors does not affect pregnancy outcome in XXXX treated with @entity205 after transplantation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 ) may lead to @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ) and @entity204 in certain @entity1 . We sought to determine the incidence and predictors of adverse long-term outcomes to achieve a rational predictive classification of the syndrome. METHODS: Predictive modeling was performed in a cohort of 723 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity244 (587 newly diagnosed [incident] cases and 136 prevalent cases). RESULTS: During 4,384 @entity1 -years of followup, we recorded 39 deaths (7 due to @entity706 ) and 38 diagnoses of @entity1071 . The standardized mortality ratio was 1.15 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.86-1.73) compared with the general population of Greece. In incident cases, the probability of @entity1071 was 2.6% at 5 years and 3.9% at 10 years. Mortality rates were significantly higher in @entity1 with low C4 levels at the first study visit (hazard ratio [HR] 4.39, 95% CI 2.18-8.83). @entity1071 was independently predicted by the presence of @entity1283 (HR 5.21, 95% CI 1.76-15.4), palpable @entity4125 (HR 4.16, 95% CI 1.65-10.5), and low C4 levels (HR 2.40, 95% CI 0.99-5.83) at the first study visit. All @entity1 who eventually developed @entity706 resulting in @entity204 during the followup period had either low C4 levels or palpable @entity4125 at the first study visit. Training-validation split-cohort modeling confirmed the predictive importance of low C4 levels and palpable @entity4125 , both of which were present in 20.9% of @entity1 at their first visit. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with primary @entity244 , 1 in 5 deaths is attributable to @entity706 . The presence of palpable @entity4125 and low C4 levels at the first visit adequately distinguishes high-risk @entity1 (type I primary @entity244 ) from @entity1 with an uncomplicated disease course (type II [low-risk] primary @entity244 ).

title: Long-term risk of mortality and XXXX and predictive classification of primary Sj  @entity244 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['LPD', 'lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['parotid enlargement']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["gren's syndrome", 'SS']

answer: @entity1071 :: (MESH:D008232,Disease) :: ['lymphoproliferative disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 ) may lead to @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ) and @entity204 in certain @entity1 . We sought to determine the incidence and predictors of adverse long-term outcomes to achieve a rational predictive classification of the syndrome. METHODS: Predictive modeling was performed in a cohort of 723 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity244 (587 newly diagnosed [incident] cases and 136 prevalent cases). RESULTS: During 4,384 @entity1 -years of followup, we recorded 39 deaths (7 due to @entity706 ) and 38 diagnoses of @entity1071 . The standardized mortality ratio was 1.15 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.86-1.73) compared with the general population of Greece. In incident cases, the probability of @entity1071 was 2.6% at 5 years and 3.9% at 10 years. Mortality rates were significantly higher in @entity1 with low C4 levels at the first study visit (hazard ratio [HR] 4.39, 95% CI 2.18-8.83). @entity1071 was independently predicted by the presence of @entity1283 (HR 5.21, 95% CI 1.76-15.4), palpable @entity4125 (HR 4.16, 95% CI 1.65-10.5), and low C4 levels (HR 2.40, 95% CI 0.99-5.83) at the first study visit. All @entity1 who eventually developed @entity706 resulting in @entity204 during the followup period had either low C4 levels or palpable @entity4125 at the first study visit. Training-validation split-cohort modeling confirmed the predictive importance of low C4 levels and palpable @entity4125 , both of which were present in 20.9% of @entity1 at their first visit. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with primary @entity244 , 1 in 5 deaths is attributable to @entity706 . The presence of palpable @entity4125 and low C4 levels at the first visit adequately distinguishes high-risk @entity1 (type I primary @entity244 ) from @entity1 with an uncomplicated disease course (type II [low-risk] primary @entity244 ).

title: Long-term risk of mortality and @entity1071 and predictive classification of primary Sj  XXXX .

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['gren's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic metastases from @entity14 frequently recur after resection and hepatic micrometastases most likely are important in the development of such recurrences. The objectives of the current study were to assess the feasibility of the immunohistochemical detection of hepatic micrometastases from @entity14 and to determine their clinical significance. METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 underwent curative hepatic resection for @entity14 metastases. Multiple tissue sections were cut from the advancing margin of the largest hepatic @entity3 in each @entity1 and were stained with an antibody against @entity2225 to detect hepatic micrometastases, which were defined as discrete microscopic @entity5 surrounding the dominant @entity3 . RESULTS: Normal hepatocytes and intrahepatic bile duct epithelia stained negative for @entity2225 in all @entity1 , whereas the largest @entity99 stained positive in 46 @entity1 (86.8%). Among the 46 @entity1 with @entity99 that were positive for @entity2225 , hepatic micrometastases were found immunohistochemically in 32 @entity1 (69.6%). The presence of hepatic micrometastases was associated with a larger number of macroscopic hepatic metastases (P = 0.047) and @entity1 with hepatic micrometastases were found to demonstrate a higher probability of intrahepatic recurrence (P = 0.003) compared with those @entity1 without hepatic micrometastases. In addition, @entity1 with hepatic micrometastases demonstrated a worse survival (10-year survival rate of 21.9%) compared with those @entity1 without hepatic micrometastases (10-year survival rate of 64.3%) (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical detection of hepatic micrometastases is feasible in @entity1 with @entity14 . Hepatic micrometastasis indicates widespread hepatic involvement and thus predicts an increased risk of intrahepatic recurrence after hepatic resection and a poorer @entity1 prognosis.

title: Immunohistochemically detected hepatic micrometastases predict a high risk of intrahepatic recurrence after resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma liver metastases', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma liver metastases']


abstract: AIM: To determine by morphometry if pleural biopsies with the histopathological diagnosis of "non-specific @entity5641 ", malignant, and @entity378 could be distinguished morphologically from those with truly non-specific disease. METHODS: Each pleural biopsy was reviewed taking into account three compartments of reference: the visceral/parietal mesothelial compartment, the submesothelial screen compartment, and the submesothelial adipose tissue compartment. Normal connective tissue, granulation tissue, fibrocellular proliferation, fibrin, polymorphonuclear cells, mononuclear cells, and mesothelial cells were measured using conventional point counting procedures in terms of the fractional area occupied by each parameter within each compartment of reference. Ranking was carried out on 164 @entity1 , based on their diagnosis: chronic non-specific disease (n = 57), @entity378 (n = 27), @entity5 (n = 58), and conditions associated with transudative effusions (n = 22). RESULTS: Stepwise discriminant analysis of the resulting data showed that biopsies from @entity1 with @entity378 , @entity102 could be distinguished between themselves and normal cases. Statistical differences among the four groups were observed for eight morphometric parameters related to components of @entity32 and extension throughout the three pleural anatomical compartments. A robust discriminant function permitted an adequate classification of the three groups of disease in 88.41% of the cases. Pleural biopsies with fibrin incorporated within granulation tissue on the submesothelial screen compartment showed 100% specificity for @entity1 with @entity378 , while mononuclear cells in a band-like infiltrate on the submesothelial adipose tissue compartment showed 93.1% specificity for @entity1 with @entity5 . The truly non-specific @entity5641 was characterised by deposits of fibrin in the subpleural compartment and discrete signs of @entity32 and reparatory @entity82 on the submesothelial screen. CONCLUSIONS: Morphometric analysis of pleural biopsies may be a useful supplementary histological procedure to support the diagnosis of @entity3254 and @entity5 .

title: Quantitation in inflammatory pleural disease to distinguish XXXX and paramalignant from chronic non-specific @entity5641 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease, and chronic non-specific disease']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous disease', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3254 :: ('MESH:D014396', 'Disease') :: ['pleural tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculous']


abstract: AIM: To determine by morphometry if pleural biopsies with the histopathological diagnosis of "non-specific @entity5641 ", malignant, and @entity378 could be distinguished morphologically from those with truly non-specific disease. METHODS: Each pleural biopsy was reviewed taking into account three compartments of reference: the visceral/parietal mesothelial compartment, the submesothelial screen compartment, and the submesothelial adipose tissue compartment. Normal connective tissue, granulation tissue, fibrocellular proliferation, fibrin, polymorphonuclear cells, mononuclear cells, and mesothelial cells were measured using conventional point counting procedures in terms of the fractional area occupied by each parameter within each compartment of reference. Ranking was carried out on 164 @entity1 , based on their diagnosis: chronic non-specific disease (n = 57), @entity378 (n = 27), @entity5 (n = 58), and conditions associated with transudative effusions (n = 22). RESULTS: Stepwise discriminant analysis of the resulting data showed that biopsies from @entity1 with @entity378 , @entity102 could be distinguished between themselves and normal cases. Statistical differences among the four groups were observed for eight morphometric parameters related to components of @entity32 and extension throughout the three pleural anatomical compartments. A robust discriminant function permitted an adequate classification of the three groups of disease in 88.41% of the cases. Pleural biopsies with fibrin incorporated within granulation tissue on the submesothelial screen compartment showed 100% specificity for @entity1 with @entity378 , while mononuclear cells in a band-like infiltrate on the submesothelial adipose tissue compartment showed 93.1% specificity for @entity1 with @entity5 . The truly non-specific @entity5641 was characterised by deposits of fibrin in the subpleural compartment and discrete signs of @entity32 and reparatory @entity82 on the submesothelial screen. CONCLUSIONS: Morphometric analysis of pleural biopsies may be a useful supplementary histological procedure to support the diagnosis of @entity3254 and @entity5 .

title: Quantitation in inflammatory pleural disease to distinguish @entity378 and paramalignant from chronic non-specific XXXX .

answer: @entity5641 :: (MESH:D010998,Disease) :: ['pleuritis']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the presence of genetic instability in @entity1613 of the stomach. METHODS: Fifteen cases of @entity356 with a background of @entity1944 were studied by microsatellite assay at nine loci. Altered metaplastic mucosa was microdissected, reconstructed topographically, and examined immunohistochemically with an anti- @entity876 antibody, comparing its positive area with foci of microsatellite instability in each individual. RESULTS: Alterations at one or more loci were observed in seven of 15 @entity5 (46.7%) and four of 15 intestinal metaplasias (26.7%). Two cases of replication error positive phenotype had no microsatellite alterations in their metaplastic mucosa. All the microsatellite alterations in the metaplastic mucosa were @entity1944 around the respective @entity5 . Moreover, in one case, an identical pattern of microsatellite alteration was detected in the @entity5 tissue and in the adjacent metaplastic mucosa, suggesting the sequential development of @entity356 from @entity1944 . Frequent alteration was found at the locus D1S191 (1q), indicating that this locus might be altered early in the development of @entity356 . No significant association between microsatellite instability and @entity876 immunoreactivity was observed in the cases examined. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that microsatellite instability may be an early event in @entity105 , especially in @entity5 .

title: Altered microsatellites in incomplete-type @entity1944 adjacent to primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['restricted to incomplete-type intestinal metaplasia', 'intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal-type cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['stomach carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'intestinal-type gastric cancer', 'sporadic gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancers']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the presence of genetic instability in @entity1613 of the stomach. METHODS: Fifteen cases of @entity356 with a background of @entity1944 were studied by microsatellite assay at nine loci. Altered metaplastic mucosa was microdissected, reconstructed topographically, and examined immunohistochemically with an anti- @entity876 antibody, comparing its positive area with foci of microsatellite instability in each individual. RESULTS: Alterations at one or more loci were observed in seven of 15 @entity5 (46.7%) and four of 15 intestinal metaplasias (26.7%). Two cases of replication error positive phenotype had no microsatellite alterations in their metaplastic mucosa. All the microsatellite alterations in the metaplastic mucosa were @entity1944 around the respective @entity5 . Moreover, in one case, an identical pattern of microsatellite alteration was detected in the @entity5 tissue and in the adjacent metaplastic mucosa, suggesting the sequential development of @entity356 from @entity1944 . Frequent alteration was found at the locus D1S191 (1q), indicating that this locus might be altered early in the development of @entity356 . No significant association between microsatellite instability and @entity876 immunoreactivity was observed in the cases examined. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that microsatellite instability may be an early event in @entity105 , especially in @entity5 .

title: Altered microsatellites in incomplete-type XXXX adjacent to primary @entity356 .

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal metaplasia']


abstract: The Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register has data on 4,381 primary operations performed 1985-1995 for @entity309 . Of these, 192 were performed with unicompartmental prostheses and 4143 with tricompartmental. 77% were @entity1 and the mean age was 66 years. There were 126 first, 20 second, and 1 third revision in tricompartmental arthroplasties, mainly for loosening, @entity281 . There were 38 first, 3 second, and 1 third revision in unicompartmental arthroplasties, mainly for progression of @entity309 and loosening. Cumulative revision rates (Kaplan-Meier) were calculated. Tricompartmental knees had a 10-year cumulative revision rate of 5% and uni-knees 25%. @entity1 treated before 1990, @entity1 and @entity1 younger than 55 had higher revision rates than @entity1 treated after 1990, @entity1 and older @entity1 , respectively. Cemented tibial components resulted in lower revision rates than uncemented ones. There was no significant difference in revision rates between patellar replaced and unreplaced knees or between the 9 commonest implant types.

title: Knee arthroplasty in XXXX . A report from the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register on 4,381 primary operations 1985-1995.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection and patellar problems']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Optimal management of @entity943 with dual chamber pacemakers requires proper performance of @entity15131 ( @entity15131 ). The aim of this study was to develop a reliable technique to test the @entity15131 function by using an external electronic device capable of mimicking the occurrence of @entity943 ( @entity943 Simulator [SAS]). The SAS delivers low voltage pulse trains (200 mV, 20 ms) through two skin electrodes. Each pulse train lasts 15 seconds and starts synchronously with a pacing pulse of the implanted pacemaker to avoid interference from the operator. The pulse train rate is set at 350, 250, and 160 beats/min to simulate AF, @entity956 , and @entity591 ( @entity591 ), respectively. Thirty-five @entity1 implanted with Vitatron pacemakers, whose @entity15131 system has been previously validated, were enrolled. Atrial and ventricular sensing were programmed in unipolar mode at 0.5 mV and in bipolar mode at > 2 mV, respectively. All pulses from the SAS were detected by the atrial channel at an amplitude ranging from 1 to 3 mV. The test proved to be safe and reliable at rest and during exercise. @entity15131 occurred immediately at onset or at offset of @entity943 , and no adverse interference on pacemaker function was seen from the SAS. In conclusion, the described technique and the SAS are safe and reliable for @entity1 and pacemaker function and can be proposed as a useful method to verify proper performance of @entity15131 function irrespective of the type of implanted devices.

title: How to test mode switching in pacemakers implanted in XXXX : the MOST study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity15131 :: ('MESH:C537734', 'Disease') :: ['AMS', 'automatic mode switching']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'supraventricular arrhythmias', 'Supraventricular Arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity25 is a classic sign of @entity99 . However, there are limited data regarding its prevalence in cirrhotic @entity1 without overt @entity99 . We assessed the characteristics of sleep in @entity82 using a sleep questionnaire (n = 44) and actigraphy (n = 20). The results were compared with those of subjects with @entity177 and those of healthy controls. Presence of subclinical @entity99 , chronotypology profile, and individual's affective state were also analyzed. The questionnaire indicated an elevated number of cirrhotic @entity1 (47.7%) and @entity1 with @entity177 (38.6%) who complained of unsatisfactory sleep compared with healthy controls (4.5%, P < .01). @entity25 in cirrhotic @entity1 with unsatisfactory sleep. The @entity25 in @entity82 was not associated with clinical parameters nor with @entity73 . Cirrhotic subjects and @entity1 with @entity177 with unsatisfactory sleep showed higher scores for @entity308 and @entity148 , raising the possibility that the effects of @entity102 may underlie the pathogenesis of @entity25 . However, in contrast to @entity177 , unsatisfactory sleep in @entity82 was associated with delayed bedtime, delayed wake-up time, and evening chronotypology. In conclusion, a @entity25 is frequent in cirrhotic @entity1 without @entity99 and may be related to abnormalities of the circadian timekeeping system.

title: High prevalence of @entity25 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disturbance', 'Actigraphy corroborated the deterioration of sleep parameters', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: @entity25 is a classic sign of @entity99 . However, there are limited data regarding its prevalence in cirrhotic @entity1 without overt @entity99 . We assessed the characteristics of sleep in @entity82 using a sleep questionnaire (n = 44) and actigraphy (n = 20). The results were compared with those of subjects with @entity177 and those of healthy controls. Presence of subclinical @entity99 , chronotypology profile, and individual's affective state were also analyzed. The questionnaire indicated an elevated number of cirrhotic @entity1 (47.7%) and @entity1 with @entity177 (38.6%) who complained of unsatisfactory sleep compared with healthy controls (4.5%, P < .01). @entity25 in cirrhotic @entity1 with unsatisfactory sleep. The @entity25 in @entity82 was not associated with clinical parameters nor with @entity73 . Cirrhotic subjects and @entity1 with @entity177 with unsatisfactory sleep showed higher scores for @entity308 and @entity148 , raising the possibility that the effects of @entity102 may underlie the pathogenesis of @entity25 . However, in contrast to @entity177 , unsatisfactory sleep in @entity82 was associated with delayed bedtime, delayed wake-up time, and evening chronotypology. In conclusion, a @entity25 is frequent in cirrhotic @entity1 without @entity99 and may be related to abnormalities of the circadian timekeeping system.

title: High prevalence of XXXX in @entity82 .

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disturbance']


abstract: @entity440 is one of the most effective treatments for @entity0 through its ability to antagonize @entity172 -dependent growth by binding @entity172 receptors (ERs) and inhibiting breast epithelial cell proliferation. However, @entity440 has estrogenic agonist effects in other tissues such as bone and endometrium because of liganded ER-activating target genes in these different cell types. Several novel antiestrogen compounds have been developed that are also selective ER modulators (SERMs) but that have a reduced agonist profile on breast and gynecological tissues. These SERMs offer the potential for enhanced efficacy and reduced @entity137 compared with @entity440 . In @entity0 clinical data exist for three first-generation SERMs ( @entity23392 , @entity28002 , @entity46019 ), which are related to the @entity42332 structure of @entity440 . In Phase II trials in a total of 263 @entity1 resistant to @entity440 , the median objective response rate to these SERMs was only 5% (range, 0-15%), with stable disease for > or =6 months in an additional 18% (range, 9-23%). As first-line therapy for @entity0 , the median response rate was 31% (range, 20-68%) with a median time to progression of 7 months. Randomized Phase III trials for @entity23392 and @entity46019 in more than 1500 @entity1 showed no significant difference compared with @entity440 . Fewer clinical data exist for the structurally distinct second- and third-generation SERMs ( @entity441 , @entity39707 , @entity62782 , and @entity70685 ), although a similarly low median response rate of 6% (range, 0-14%) was seen in Phase II trials in @entity440 -resistant @entity1 . It remains unclear whether any clinical advantage exists for second- and third-generation SERMs over @entity440 as first-line therapy. With the emergence of potent aromatase inhibitors (AIs) that are superior to @entity440 , the clinical questions in advanced disease have shifted to which antiestrogen (including SERMs) may be effective following failure of AIs, and whether any merit exists for combined AI/SERM therapy. The main advantage for SERM therapy probably remains in early stage-disease (adjuvant therapy or prevention), in which the estrogenic effects on bone and reduced gynecological side effects may prove more beneficial than either @entity440 or AI. The issue is whether the current clinical data for SERMs in @entity0 are sufficiently strong to encourage that further development.

title: Endocrine manipulation in XXXX : recent advances with SERM therapies.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity28002 :: ('MESH:C038345', 'Chemical') :: ['droloxifene']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['toremifene']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity42332 :: ('MESH:C037749', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenylethylene']

entities_list: @entity39707 :: ('MESH:C115121', 'Chemical') :: ['arzoxifene']

entities_list: @entity46019 :: ('MESH:C071362', 'Chemical') :: ['idoxifene']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: The combined therapeutic effect of cytokine-producing @entity5 cell vaccines and local radiotherapy was studied in a @entity19 @entity11 261 (GI261) @entity1313 model. @entity1313 -bearing @entity19 were treated with cytokine ( @entity58 , @entity777 , @entity10191 , @entity2304 , @entity637 , @entity22618 , LT) producing vaccines made by in vitro transduction of GI261 cells with the corresponding adenoviral vectors. Vaccines producing either @entity58 or @entity2304 cured 20-40% of mice. The antitumor effect strongly depended on the secreted cytokine level. Vaccination therapy induced specific activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes measured by cell-mediated @entity137 assay. @entity1313 were heavily infiltrated by @entity1961 + lymphocytes after treatment with @entity58 - or @entity2304 -secreting cells. @entity2304 vaccination induced moderate CD8+ infiltration, as well. Depleting either @entity1961 + or CD8+ lymphocyte subsets abolished the anticancer effect of @entity2304 -expressing cells. Strong synergism was observed by combining cytokine vaccination ( @entity2304 , @entity58 , IL-12) with @entity5 irradiation: about 80-100% of the @entity11 -bearing @entity19 was cured. The high efficiency of combined treatment was maintained even under suboptimal conditions when neither of the modalities cured any of the @entity19 alone. This suggests that vaccination therapy might open a new potential in the clinical treatment of high-grade @entity11 when applied as adjuvant to existing treatment modalities.

title: @entity5 irradiation augments the antitumor effect of cytokine-producing autologous @entity5 cell vaccines in a @entity19 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'Brain tumors', 'Brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: The combined therapeutic effect of cytokine-producing @entity5 cell vaccines and local radiotherapy was studied in a @entity19 @entity11 261 (GI261) @entity1313 model. @entity1313 -bearing @entity19 were treated with cytokine ( @entity58 , @entity777 , @entity10191 , @entity2304 , @entity637 , @entity22618 , LT) producing vaccines made by in vitro transduction of GI261 cells with the corresponding adenoviral vectors. Vaccines producing either @entity58 or @entity2304 cured 20-40% of mice. The antitumor effect strongly depended on the secreted cytokine level. Vaccination therapy induced specific activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes measured by cell-mediated @entity137 assay. @entity1313 were heavily infiltrated by @entity1961 + lymphocytes after treatment with @entity58 - or @entity2304 -secreting cells. @entity2304 vaccination induced moderate CD8+ infiltration, as well. Depleting either @entity1961 + or CD8+ lymphocyte subsets abolished the anticancer effect of @entity2304 -expressing cells. Strong synergism was observed by combining cytokine vaccination ( @entity2304 , @entity58 , IL-12) with @entity5 irradiation: about 80-100% of the @entity11 -bearing @entity19 was cured. The high efficiency of combined treatment was maintained even under suboptimal conditions when neither of the modalities cured any of the @entity19 alone. This suggests that vaccination therapy might open a new potential in the clinical treatment of high-grade @entity11 when applied as adjuvant to existing treatment modalities.

title: XXXX irradiation augments the antitumor effect of cytokine-producing autologous @entity5 cell vaccines in a @entity19 @entity11 model.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Local tumor']


abstract: The combined therapeutic effect of cytokine-producing @entity5 cell vaccines and local radiotherapy was studied in a @entity19 @entity11 261 (GI261) @entity1313 model. @entity1313 -bearing @entity19 were treated with cytokine ( @entity58 , @entity777 , @entity10191 , @entity2304 , @entity637 , @entity22618 , LT) producing vaccines made by in vitro transduction of GI261 cells with the corresponding adenoviral vectors. Vaccines producing either @entity58 or @entity2304 cured 20-40% of mice. The antitumor effect strongly depended on the secreted cytokine level. Vaccination therapy induced specific activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes measured by cell-mediated @entity137 assay. @entity1313 were heavily infiltrated by @entity1961 + lymphocytes after treatment with @entity58 - or @entity2304 -secreting cells. @entity2304 vaccination induced moderate CD8+ infiltration, as well. Depleting either @entity1961 + or CD8+ lymphocyte subsets abolished the anticancer effect of @entity2304 -expressing cells. Strong synergism was observed by combining cytokine vaccination ( @entity2304 , @entity58 , IL-12) with @entity5 irradiation: about 80-100% of the @entity11 -bearing @entity19 was cured. The high efficiency of combined treatment was maintained even under suboptimal conditions when neither of the modalities cured any of the @entity19 alone. This suggests that vaccination therapy might open a new potential in the clinical treatment of high-grade @entity11 when applied as adjuvant to existing treatment modalities.

title: @entity5 irradiation augments the antitumor effect of cytokine-producing autologous XXXX cell vaccines in a @entity19 @entity11 model.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The combined therapeutic effect of cytokine-producing @entity5 cell vaccines and local radiotherapy was studied in a @entity19 @entity11 261 (GI261) @entity1313 model. @entity1313 -bearing @entity19 were treated with cytokine ( @entity58 , @entity777 , @entity10191 , @entity2304 , @entity637 , @entity22618 , LT) producing vaccines made by in vitro transduction of GI261 cells with the corresponding adenoviral vectors. Vaccines producing either @entity58 or @entity2304 cured 20-40% of mice. The antitumor effect strongly depended on the secreted cytokine level. Vaccination therapy induced specific activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes measured by cell-mediated @entity137 assay. @entity1313 were heavily infiltrated by @entity1961 + lymphocytes after treatment with @entity58 - or @entity2304 -secreting cells. @entity2304 vaccination induced moderate CD8+ infiltration, as well. Depleting either @entity1961 + or CD8+ lymphocyte subsets abolished the anticancer effect of @entity2304 -expressing cells. Strong synergism was observed by combining cytokine vaccination ( @entity2304 , @entity58 , IL-12) with @entity5 irradiation: about 80-100% of the @entity11 -bearing @entity19 was cured. The high efficiency of combined treatment was maintained even under suboptimal conditions when neither of the modalities cured any of the @entity19 alone. This suggests that vaccination therapy might open a new potential in the clinical treatment of high-grade @entity11 when applied as adjuvant to existing treatment modalities.

title: @entity5 irradiation augments the antitumor effect of cytokine-producing autologous @entity5 cell vaccines in a XXXX @entity11 model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Several animal models have been designed in the past to analyze the pathophysiology and management of @entity91 , very few of which were intrauterine. Those that were interuterine had problems with either a short gestation or limited availability that prevented most researchers from using them in treatment analysis. We desired to create a biologically sound intrauterine model of @entity91 , using an animal with a long gestation and an early calvarial bone formation, which was easy to manipulate in utero, that could be created by any researcher studying this disorder. Using biologic data available regarding growth factors thought to be involved in bone growth and cranial suture closure, we developed a new in utero fetal lamb model for the study of @entity91 . Ten 70-day gestation fetal @entity742 (term gestation 140 days) received a midline coronal incision to expose both coronal sutures. The entire right coronal suture was then excised along with a 4-mm bony margin. In each animal, the site was packed with 25 mg of demineralized @entity742 bone powder augmented with 50 microg of @entity28652 ( @entity28652 ) and 1 microg of poly-transforming growth factor-beta. The scalp was closed, and the @entity742 were returned to the uterus until either 90 or 140 days of gestation. Complete fusion of the right coronal suture occurred in all fetuses by 90 days gestation. In every animal, right-sided frontal bone flattening and supraorbital rim elevation were evident. Histologic analysis showed bony @entity8213 at the suture site without evidence of suture regeneration. By 140 days, this isolated suture fusion led to marked @entity2122 including right supraorbital rim elevation, significant frontal bone flattening, a decrease in the anterior-posterior length of the cranial vault, and flattening of the cranial base. In conclusion, we have developed a new model for the study of the secondary effects induced by the process of cranial suture fusion, which produces abnormalities seen in naturally occurring cases of isolated right coronal suture @entity8213 . In addition, this model confirms that isolated coronal suture fusion alone can lead to the multiple cranial and @entity2122 seen with this disorder, even in the absence of associated cranial base suture fusions.

title: A new in utero XXXX model for unilateral coronal craniosynostosis.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['facial abnormalities', 'craniofacial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of @entity3988 on cardiac function and neurohumoral factors ( @entity3876 , @entity1425 , @entity1063 ) after reperfused @entity583 without @entity712 (Killip class I). On the first day after @entity583 following reperfusion therapy @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity3988 treatment (group 1, n=33) or no treatment (group 2, n=39). We then performed echocardiographic examinations on the @entity1 and measured heart rate, mean blood pressure and neurohormones ( @entity3876 , @entity1425 and @entity1063 ). Follow-up evaluations of echocardiography were performed at 4 and 12 weeks and of neurohormones at 1 and 4 weeks after @entity583 . The highest peaks of plasma @entity3876 , @entity1425 , and @entity1063 levels were observed before treatment and decreased with time in both groups. After 4 weeks the level of plasma @entity3876 in the @entity3988 treatment group was lower than in the no treatment group [55+/-3 pg/mL vs 85+/-5 pg/mL (P < 0.05)]. Other neurohormones did not differ between groups. Fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF)improved after @entity583 in both groups, but significantly more in the @entity3988 group (P < 0.05) after 12 weeks of treatment. Changes in @entity3876 correlated significantly with changes in left ventricular end systolic volumes, FS and EF. In this study, @entity3988 significantly improved systolic function and reduced the level of plasma @entity3876 after @entity583 , which suggest that @entity3988 may have a beneficial effect on @entity583 without @entity712 .

title: Effect of @entity3988 on cardiac function assessed by echocardiography and neurohumoral factors after reperfused @entity583 without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of @entity3988 on cardiac function and neurohumoral factors ( @entity3876 , @entity1425 , @entity1063 ) after reperfused @entity583 without @entity712 (Killip class I). On the first day after @entity583 following reperfusion therapy @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity3988 treatment (group 1, n=33) or no treatment (group 2, n=39). We then performed echocardiographic examinations on the @entity1 and measured heart rate, mean blood pressure and neurohormones ( @entity3876 , @entity1425 and @entity1063 ). Follow-up evaluations of echocardiography were performed at 4 and 12 weeks and of neurohormones at 1 and 4 weeks after @entity583 . The highest peaks of plasma @entity3876 , @entity1425 , and @entity1063 levels were observed before treatment and decreased with time in both groups. After 4 weeks the level of plasma @entity3876 in the @entity3988 treatment group was lower than in the no treatment group [55+/-3 pg/mL vs 85+/-5 pg/mL (P < 0.05)]. Other neurohormones did not differ between groups. Fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF)improved after @entity583 in both groups, but significantly more in the @entity3988 group (P < 0.05) after 12 weeks of treatment. Changes in @entity3876 correlated significantly with changes in left ventricular end systolic volumes, FS and EF. In this study, @entity3988 significantly improved systolic function and reduced the level of plasma @entity3876 after @entity583 , which suggest that @entity3988 may have a beneficial effect on @entity583 without @entity712 .

title: Effect of XXXX on cardiac function assessed by echocardiography and neurohumoral factors after reperfused @entity583 without @entity712 .

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of @entity3988 on cardiac function and neurohumoral factors ( @entity3876 , @entity1425 , @entity1063 ) after reperfused @entity583 without @entity712 (Killip class I). On the first day after @entity583 following reperfusion therapy @entity1 were randomly assigned to @entity3988 treatment (group 1, n=33) or no treatment (group 2, n=39). We then performed echocardiographic examinations on the @entity1 and measured heart rate, mean blood pressure and neurohormones ( @entity3876 , @entity1425 and @entity1063 ). Follow-up evaluations of echocardiography were performed at 4 and 12 weeks and of neurohormones at 1 and 4 weeks after @entity583 . The highest peaks of plasma @entity3876 , @entity1425 , and @entity1063 levels were observed before treatment and decreased with time in both groups. After 4 weeks the level of plasma @entity3876 in the @entity3988 treatment group was lower than in the no treatment group [55+/-3 pg/mL vs 85+/-5 pg/mL (P < 0.05)]. Other neurohormones did not differ between groups. Fractional shortening (FS) and ejection fraction (EF)improved after @entity583 in both groups, but significantly more in the @entity3988 group (P < 0.05) after 12 weeks of treatment. Changes in @entity3876 correlated significantly with changes in left ventricular end systolic volumes, FS and EF. In this study, @entity3988 significantly improved systolic function and reduced the level of plasma @entity3876 after @entity583 , which suggest that @entity3988 may have a beneficial effect on @entity583 without @entity712 .

title: Effect of @entity3988 on cardiac function assessed by echocardiography and neurohumoral factors after reperfused XXXX without @entity712 .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives Progestogen-only pills (POPs) are safer with respect to cardiovascular risks than contraceptives containing @entity172 . Despite the increased contraceptive efficacy of a @entity7281 -only pill compared with a traditional POP, POPs are still not widely used due to an unpredictable @entity548 pattern. A new POP containing 4 mg @entity4863 has been developed with a 24/4 intake regimen which may improve the @entity548 pattern. The objectives of this study were to investigate ovulation inhibition with the new @entity4863 -only pill in comparison with the @entity7281 -only pill and, in addition, to assess the effects on cervical mucus permeability and @entity548 . Methods Sixty-four healthy volunteers with proven ovulatory cycles were randomised and treated with either the @entity4863 -only or the @entity7281 -only pill during two 28-day cycles. Follicular diameter, endometrial thickness, and serum @entity53 (E2) and @entity1420 concentrations were measured and Hoogland scores were determined. Additionally, cervical mucus scores, @entity548 and return of ovulation were assessed. Results Both treatments effectively inhibited ovulation. Follicular diameter, E2 levels and Hoogland scores were equal, demonstrating @entity2670 . One subject in each group had a Hoogland score of 6, but the criteria for normal luteal activity were not fulfilled. In both groups, ovulation did not occur before day 9 of the post-treatment cycle. Cervical mucus permeability was suppressed in both groups. The median number of @entity548 and spotting days was lower in the @entity4863 group. Conclusions The new @entity4863 -only pill inhibited ovulation as effectively as the @entity7281 -only pill despite the 4-day hormone-free interval.

title: A randomised study comparing the effect on ovarian activity of a progestogen-only pill (POP) containing XXXX and a new POP containing @entity4863 in a 24/4 regimen.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity4863 :: ('MESH:C035144', 'Chemical') :: ['drospirenone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity7281 :: ('MESH:D017135', 'Chemical') :: ['desogestrel']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['efficient ovarian suppression']

answer: @entity7281 :: (MESH:D017135,Chemical) :: ['desogestrel']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objectives Progestogen-only pills (POPs) are safer with respect to cardiovascular risks than contraceptives containing @entity172 . Despite the increased contraceptive efficacy of a @entity7281 -only pill compared with a traditional POP, POPs are still not widely used due to an unpredictable @entity548 pattern. A new POP containing 4 mg @entity4863 has been developed with a 24/4 intake regimen which may improve the @entity548 pattern. The objectives of this study were to investigate ovulation inhibition with the new @entity4863 -only pill in comparison with the @entity7281 -only pill and, in addition, to assess the effects on cervical mucus permeability and @entity548 . Methods Sixty-four healthy volunteers with proven ovulatory cycles were randomised and treated with either the @entity4863 -only or the @entity7281 -only pill during two 28-day cycles. Follicular diameter, endometrial thickness, and serum @entity53 (E2) and @entity1420 concentrations were measured and Hoogland scores were determined. Additionally, cervical mucus scores, @entity548 and return of ovulation were assessed. Results Both treatments effectively inhibited ovulation. Follicular diameter, E2 levels and Hoogland scores were equal, demonstrating @entity2670 . One subject in each group had a Hoogland score of 6, but the criteria for normal luteal activity were not fulfilled. In both groups, ovulation did not occur before day 9 of the post-treatment cycle. Cervical mucus permeability was suppressed in both groups. The median number of @entity548 and spotting days was lower in the @entity4863 group. Conclusions The new @entity4863 -only pill inhibited ovulation as effectively as the @entity7281 -only pill despite the 4-day hormone-free interval.

title: A randomised study comparing the effect on ovarian activity of a progestogen-only pill (POP) containing @entity7281 and a new POP containing XXXX in a 24/4 regimen.

answer: @entity4863 :: (MESH:C035144,Chemical) :: ['drospirenone']


abstract: The role of second-look laparotomy in management of advanced @entity43 is still controversial. One of the arguments against this method is the risk of this wide operation. Replacement of second-look laparotomy by laparoscopy maybe the way to minimize that risk. The aim of this report is the comparison of second-look laparotomy and laparoscopy. The prospectively gathered material consists of 56 @entity1 with @entity43 , 17 of them were qualified for second-look procedures. Laparoscopy was the first step in this procedure. In 5 @entity1 the residual @entity5 in abdominal cavity was found. In 11 there were no evidence of the disease, and in 1 case laparoscopic inspection was impossible. When the laparoscopy was negative or impossible the second-look laparotomy was performed. Only in one case after negative laparoscopy the evidence of @entity5 during laparotomy was found. In our opinion: 1) Positive second-look laparoscopy is equivalent to laparotomy and permits to avoid it. 2) The negative second-look laparoscopy with its contemporary technique still requires the subsequent laparotomy.

title: [The place of second-look laparoscopy in monitoring treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['advanced malignant ovarian neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Medial @entity1315 with unilateral @entity131 (MTLE- @entity8682 ) is the most frequent form of surgical @entity1315 . In this study, it was aimed to determine whether different @entity302 represent a cardinal and characteristic feature of MTLE- @entity8682 and might provide a diagnostic complement to help identify @entity1 who will be @entity410 -free after surgery. METHODS: All types of auras and associations of auras reported by 400 MTLE- @entity8682 @entity1 referred for surgery were retrospectively collected and their statistical correlation with the postoperative outcome was examined in a subgroup of 305 @entity1 who underwent surgery. RESULTS: A total of 876 auras were collected, classified into 12 categories. Globally, MTLE- @entity8682 @entity1 reported widely variable auras and groupings of auras. Most common were autonomic and abdominal visceral auras, followed by psychoaffective and experiential auras; less common, but seen in 10%-15% of @entity1 , were non-specific auras, @entity302 , and least common, reported by less than 10% of @entity1 , were auditory, gustatory, vestibular, olfactory and intellectual auras. No auras were reported in 10% of @entity1 . 65% of @entity1 experienced more than one type of aura (two to seven). No specific groupings of aura type were apparent. No evidence was found for correlation between postoperative outcome and (i) any @entity302 , (ii) the number of categories of aura per @entity1 and (iii) any association of categories of auras. CONCLUSION: Auras and association of auras vary widely in MTLE- @entity8682 and provide no useful insight into surgical outcome.

title: Are auras a reliable clinical indicator in medial @entity1315 with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['types of aura', 'category of aura', 'somatosensory auras and visual auras']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Medial @entity1315 with unilateral @entity131 (MTLE- @entity8682 ) is the most frequent form of surgical @entity1315 . In this study, it was aimed to determine whether different @entity302 represent a cardinal and characteristic feature of MTLE- @entity8682 and might provide a diagnostic complement to help identify @entity1 who will be @entity410 -free after surgery. METHODS: All types of auras and associations of auras reported by 400 MTLE- @entity8682 @entity1 referred for surgery were retrospectively collected and their statistical correlation with the postoperative outcome was examined in a subgroup of 305 @entity1 who underwent surgery. RESULTS: A total of 876 auras were collected, classified into 12 categories. Globally, MTLE- @entity8682 @entity1 reported widely variable auras and groupings of auras. Most common were autonomic and abdominal visceral auras, followed by psychoaffective and experiential auras; less common, but seen in 10%-15% of @entity1 , were non-specific auras, @entity302 , and least common, reported by less than 10% of @entity1 , were auditory, gustatory, vestibular, olfactory and intellectual auras. No auras were reported in 10% of @entity1 . 65% of @entity1 experienced more than one type of aura (two to seven). No specific groupings of aura type were apparent. No evidence was found for correlation between postoperative outcome and (i) any @entity302 , (ii) the number of categories of aura per @entity1 and (iii) any association of categories of auras. CONCLUSION: Auras and association of auras vary widely in MTLE- @entity8682 and provide no useful insight into surgical outcome.

title: Are auras a reliable clinical indicator in medial XXXX with @entity131 ?

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1779 is a devastating disease. Despite its clinical importance, the pathophysiology of @entity1779 is not well understood. @entity1410 expansion occurs in a large subset of @entity1 and is a predictor of poor outcomes. Since @entity1410 growth provides a potential opportunity for therapeutic intervention, a thorough understanding of its biological mechanisms is of key importance. After vessel rupture, an initial @entity1410 forms. Following this initial phase, accumulating evidence suggests that the mass effect causes secondary vessel rupture, which contributes to the @entity1410 and may trigger an @entity397 . The circumstances under which this occurs and to what extent secondary @entity548 contributes to final @entity1410 volume remain unknown, however. To address these questions, a translational approach seems most suitable. Current experimental models include intracranial injections of collagenase or autologous blood. Each has individual strengths and weaknesses in its ability to simulate @entity1 @entity1779 . The ultimate goal for improved understanding and modeling of the pathophysiology of @entity1410 expansion is to identify new treatment approaches.

title: The Pathophysiology of XXXX Formation and Expansion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['Hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['avalanche of further vessel ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Intracerebral hemorrhage', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Intracerebral Hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Assess algorithms for linking @entity1 across de-identified databases without compromising confidentiality. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: Hospital discharges from 11 Mayo Clinic hospitals during January 2008-September 2012 (assessment and validation data). Minnesota death certificates and hospital discharges from 2009 to 2012 for entire state (application data). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional assessment of sensitivity and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) for four linking algorithms tested by identifying readmissions and posthospital mortality on the assessment data with application to statewide data. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: De-identified claims included @entity1 gender, birthdate, and zip code. Assessment records were matched with institutional sources containing unique identifiers and the last four digits of Social Security number (SSNL4). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Gender, birthdate, and five-digit zip code identified readmissions with a sensitivity of 98.0 percent and a @entity2286 of 97.7 percent and identified postdischarge mortality with 84.4 percent sensitivity and 98.9 percent @entity2286 . Inclusion of SSNL4 produced nearly perfect identification of readmissions and deaths. When applied statewide, regions bordering states with unavailable hospital discharge data had lower rates. CONCLUSION: Addition of SSNL4 to administrative data, accompanied by appropriate data use and data release policies, can enable trusted repositories to link data with nearly perfect accuracy without compromising @entity1 confidentiality. States maintaining centralized de-identified databases should add SSNL4 to data specifications.

title: Incorporating the Last Four Digits of Social Security Numbers Substantially Improves Linking XXXX Data from De-identified Hospital Claims Databases.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We examined the presurgical evaluation of suspected @entity2 @entity1 in a community-based health care system to establish current benchmarks of care that will lay the groundwork for an evidence-based quality improvement project. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical records of all recipients of lung resection at two institutions, and classified all @entity2 relevant procedures into five "nodal points": lesion detection, diagnostic biopsy, radiologic staging, invasive staging, and treatment. We analyzed the frequency of passage through each nodal point, the time intervals between nodal points, and the use of staging modalities. RESULTS: Of 614 eligible @entity1 , 92% had @entity2 , 5% had a @entity2 , 3% had a benign lesion. Six percent received preoperative therapy; 39% of  resections were minimally invasive. Ninety-eight percent of @entity1 had a preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan, 27% had no preoperative diagnostic procedure, 22% had no preoperative positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scans, and 88% had no invasive preoperative staging test. Only 10% had trimodality staging with CT, PET/CT, and invasive staging. Twenty-one percent of @entity1 who had an invasive staging test had mediastinal nodal metastasis at resection. The median duration (interquartile range) from initial lesion identification to resection was 84 days (43 to 189) days; from lesion identification to diagnostic biopsy, 28 days (7 to 96); and from diagnostic biopsy to surgery, 40 days (26 to 69). CONCLUSIONS: There is opportunity for improvement in the thoroughness, accuracy, and timeliness of preoperative evaluation of suspected @entity2 @entity1 in this community cohort. Better coordination of care may significantly improve these benchmarks.

title: Preoperative Evaluation of XXXX in a Community Health Care Setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'non-lung primary tumor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the impact of comprehensive palliative care on @entity1 ' quality of life. The intervention was based on cooperation between a palliative medicine unit and the community service and was compared with conventional care. @entity1 AND METHODS: A cluster randomized trial was carried out, with community health care districts defined as the clusters. @entity1 from these districts who had @entity5 and survival expectancy between 2 to 9 months were entered onto the trial. The main quality-of-life end points were physical and emotional functioning, @entity158 , and psychologic distress assessed monthly by using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) questionnaire and Impact of Event scale (IES). In total, 235 intervention @entity1 and 199 controls were included. RESULTS: During the initial 4 months of follow-up, the compliance was good (72%) and comparable among treatment groups. No significant differences on any of the quality-of-life scores were found. At later assessments and for scores that were made within 3 months before death, there was also no consistent tendency in favor of any treatment group on the main outcomes or other EORTC QLQ-C30 scales/items. CONCLUSION: A general program of palliative care may be important to ensure flexibility and to meet the needs of terminally ill @entity1 . However, to achieve improvements on a group level of the various dimensions of quality of life, specific interventions directed toward specific symptoms or problems may have to be defined, evaluated, and included in the program.

title: Quality of life in XXXX care: results from a cluster randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['palliative cancer']


abstract: Neurotrophins cooperate with neural activity to modulate CNS neuronal survival and dendritic differentiation. In a previous study, we demonstrated that a critical balance of @entity2252 and neural activity is required for Purkinje cell survival in cocultures of purified granule and Purkinje cells (Morrison and Mason, 1998). Here we investigate whether @entity12715 signaling regulates dendrite and spine development of Purkinje cells. @entity2252 treatment of purified Purkinje cells cultured alone did not elicit formation of mature dendrites or spines. In cocultures of granule and Purkinje cells, however, continuous treatment with @entity2252 over a 2 week postnatal culture period increased the density of Purkinje cell dendritic spines relative to controls without causing a shift in the proportions of headed and filopodia-like spines. The increase in spine number was blocked by adding @entity12715 -IgG to the medium together with @entity2252 . Although @entity2252 alone did not consistently modify the morphology of dendritic spines, treatment with @entity12715 -IgG alone yielded spines with longer necks than those in control cultures. None of these treatments altered Purkinje cell dendritic complexity. These analyses reveal a role for @entity12715 signaling in modulating spine development, consistent with recently reported effects of neurotrophins on synaptic function. Moreover, spine development can be uncoupled from dendrite outgrowth in this reductionist system of purified presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons.

title: XXXX signaling modulates spine density and morphology independent of dendrite structure in cultured neonatal Purkinje cells.

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'neurotrophin']

answer: @entity12715 :: (4915,Gene) :: ['TrkB']


abstract: @entity50652 ( @entity50652 ) is an @entity74 of erythroid progenitor cells resulting in elevated erythrocyte mass. Several mutations of the @entity5859 ( @entity5859 ) gene have been associated with @entity50652 , although in a few families the linkage between the @entity5859 gene and @entity50652 has been excluded. To examine the role of @entity5859 mutations in the pathogenesis of @entity50652 , we studied 43 unrelated @entity50652 subjects. Erythroid culture data were available in 26 subjects, and in all these subjects, we observed @entity56 of erythroid progenitors to @entity1307 (EPO). We screened all @entity5859 gene exons for mutations using ribonuclease cleavage assay and protein truncation test. We detected five mutations in exon VIII of the @entity5859 gene, four of which we reported earlier. A new @entity5859 gene mutation was found ( @entity70686 ) that changes codon 425 GAG to a termination codon, resulting in truncation of the @entity5859 by 84 @entity1522 . The @entity70686 mutation was found to segregate with the disease in the affected family and represents another example of a nonsense mutation associated with @entity50652 . We also report the first intronic mutation ( @entity70687 ) of the @entity5859 gene. The finding of only five disease-causing mutations in our @entity50652 @entity1 pool of 43 subjects (12%) indicates that @entity5859 gene mutations are not the major @entity74 associated with @entity50652 . The @entity56 of erythroid progenitors to EPO seen in all examined @entity50652 subjects suggests a dominant lesion of an as yet unidentified gene either at the level of the @entity5859 signaling pathway or another erythropoiesis regulating pathway.

title: Genetic heterogeneity of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin receptor', 'EPOR']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect', 'inherited disorder']

entities_list: @entity50652 :: ('MESH:C536842', 'Disease') :: ['PFCP', 'Primary familial and congenital polycythemia']

answer: @entity50652 :: (MESH:C536842,Disease) :: ['familial and congenital polycythemia']


abstract: In both primates and rodents, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is highly innervated by dopaminergic fibers originating from the ventral tegmental area, and activation of this mesocortical dopaminergic system decreases spontaneous and evoked activity in the PFC in vivo. We have examined the effects of @entity935 (DA), over a range of concentrations, on the passive and active membrane properties of layer V pyramidal cells from the @entity35 medial PFC (mPFC). Whole-cell and perforated-patch recordings were made from neurons in @entity35 mPFC. As a measure of cell excitability, trains of action potentials were evoked with 1-sec-long depolarizing current steps. Bath application of DA (0.05-30 microM) produced a reversible decrease in the number of action potentials evoked by a given current step. In addition, DA reversibly decreased the input @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) of these cells. In a subset of experiments, a transient increase in excitability was observed after the washout of DA. Control experiments suggest that these results are not attributable to changes in spontaneous synaptic activity, age-dependent processes, or strain-specific differences in dopaminergic innervation and physiology. Pharmacological analyses, using D1 agonists ( @entity2344 and @entity10432 ), a D1 antagonist ( @entity10095 ), a D2 receptor agonist ( @entity11640 ), and a D2 antagonist ( @entity3216 ) suggest that decreases in spiking and @entity3013 are mediated by D2 receptor activation. Together, these results demonstrate that DA, over a range of concentrations, has an inhibitory effect on layer V pyramidal neurons in the @entity35 mPFC, possibly through D2 receptor activation.

title: XXXX decreases the excitability of layer V pyramidal cells in the @entity35 prefrontal cortex.

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3013 :: ('MESH:D060467', 'Disease') :: ['RN', 'resistance']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: In both primates and rodents, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is highly innervated by dopaminergic fibers originating from the ventral tegmental area, and activation of this mesocortical dopaminergic system decreases spontaneous and evoked activity in the PFC in vivo. We have examined the effects of @entity935 (DA), over a range of concentrations, on the passive and active membrane properties of layer V pyramidal cells from the @entity35 medial PFC (mPFC). Whole-cell and perforated-patch recordings were made from neurons in @entity35 mPFC. As a measure of cell excitability, trains of action potentials were evoked with 1-sec-long depolarizing current steps. Bath application of DA (0.05-30 microM) produced a reversible decrease in the number of action potentials evoked by a given current step. In addition, DA reversibly decreased the input @entity3013 ( @entity3013 ) of these cells. In a subset of experiments, a transient increase in excitability was observed after the washout of DA. Control experiments suggest that these results are not attributable to changes in spontaneous synaptic activity, age-dependent processes, or strain-specific differences in dopaminergic innervation and physiology. Pharmacological analyses, using D1 agonists ( @entity2344 and @entity10432 ), a D1 antagonist ( @entity10095 ), a D2 receptor agonist ( @entity11640 ), and a D2 antagonist ( @entity3216 ) suggest that decreases in spiking and @entity3013 are mediated by D2 receptor activation. Together, these results demonstrate that DA, over a range of concentrations, has an inhibitory effect on layer V pyramidal neurons in the @entity35 mPFC, possibly through D2 receptor activation.

title: @entity935 decreases the excitability of layer V pyramidal cells in the XXXX prefrontal cortex.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Development of an incisional @entity547 after abdominal surgery is a common complication following laparotomy. Following recent advancements in laparoscopic and open repair a literature review has demonstrated no difference in the short term outcomes between open and laparoscopic repair, concluding there was no favourable method of repair over the other and that both techniques are appropriate methods of surgical repair. However, long term outcomes in the available literature between these two approaches were not clearly analysed or described. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic versus open @entity4036 , and to evaluate the short and long term outcomes in regards to @entity547 using meta-analysis of all randomised controlled trials from 2008 to end of 2013. STUDY AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Population: @entity1 who developed an @entity4036 or @entity4036 following a laparotomy. INTERVENTION: Two methods of surgical repair, laparoscopic and open @entity4036 repair. Comparison: To compare between laparoscopic and open repair in abdominal wall incisional @entity547 . OUTCOME: length of hospital stay, operation time, wound @entity281 and @entity547 rate. METHODS: This study is a systematic review on all randomized controlled trials of laparoscopic versus open abdominal wall and incisional @entity547 repair. Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane library, Cinahl and Embase were the databases interrogated. Inclusion _ exclusion criteria had been defined. The relevant studies identified from January 2008 to December 2013, are included in the analysis. The primary end point can be described as @entity547 , and secondary outcomes can be described as length of hospital stay post operatively, operation time and wound @entity281 . RESULTS: Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified and included in the final analysis with a total number of 611 @entity1 randomized. Three hundreds and six @entity1 were in the laparoscopic group and 305 @entity1 in the open repair group. The range of follow up in the studies was two months to 35 months. The recurrence rate was similar (P  =  0.30), wound @entity281 was higher in the open repair group (P  <  0.001), length of hospital stay was not statistically different (P  =  0.92), and finally the operation time was longer in the laparoscopic group but did not reach statistical significance (P  =  0.05) CONCLUSION: The short and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and open @entity4036 repairs are equivalent; both techniques are safe and credible and the outcomes are very comparable.

title: A systematic review of laparoscopic versus open XXXX , with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4036 :: ('MESH:D046449', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wall hernia', 'abdominal incisional hernia repair', 'abdominal hernia', 'abdominal incisional hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernia recurrence']

answer: @entity4036 :: (MESH:D046449,Disease) :: ['abdominal incisional hernia repair']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ideal operation to treat @entity169 is still far to define. We analyzed the outcomes of the Desarda tissue-based repair in comparison with the standard Lichtenstein procedure in treatment of primary @entity169 . METHODS: A total of 168 @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups to undergo one of two repairs: Desarda (group I) or Lichtenstein (group II) (85 vs. 83, respectively). The primary outcome measures were recurrence of @entity1118 . Secondary outcome measures included operating time, @entity282 scores, time to return to normal gait and to work, @entity1109 in the groin, and @entity260 . RESULTS: During 2-year follow up, one recurrence was detected in each group (P  =  0.99). Chronic groin @entity158 was experienced by 5.6% and 4.2% of @entity1 from Desarda and Lichtenstein groups respectively (P  =  0.68). There was no significant statistical difference in mean postoperative VAS scores for @entity158 at the five time points between the two study groups. There was significantly shorter operating time and earlier return to normal gait in favor of Desarda repair. @entity1109 was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Successful @entity169 treatment without mesh implantation can be achieved using Desarda repair, as it is effective as the standard Lichtenstein procedure. Shorter operating time, early return to normal gait and lower cost (no mesh) are potential benefits of Desarda repair. The suitability of Desarda repair for @entity1 found to have thin, weak or divided external oblique aponeurosis intraoperatively needs further evaluation.

title: Randomized clinical trial of Desarda versus Lichtenstein repair for treatment of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body sensation', 'Foreign body sensation']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia and chronic groin pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: @entity3444 frustrates @entity1 and treating physicians. Our hypothesis was that use of a dorsiflexion night splint for 1 month would effectively treat @entity1 with @entity3444 . A 6-month randomized crossover study included 37 @entity1 with @entity3444 . @entity1 were treated with dorsiflexion night splints for 1 month. Group A wore splints for the 1st month and group B for the 2nd month. No splints were used in either group for the final 4 months of the study. No other medications, stretching, or strengthening exercises were prescribed. Eighty-eight percent of @entity1 who completed the study improved. Eighty percent of the involved feet improved subjectively. Results of the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Rating System and the Mayo Clinical Scoring System demonstrated significant improvement for both groups during the period of splint wear. Improvements were maintained at study completion. Response to splinting did not correlate with foot type, degree of @entity28 , or the presence of heel spur on radiographs. We believe dorsiflexion splints provide relief from the symptoms of @entity3444 in the majority of @entity1 .

title: Effective treatment of XXXX with dorsiflexion night splints: a crossover prospective randomized outcome study.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3444 :: ('MESH:D036981', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic plantar fasciitis', 'recalcitrant plantar fasciitis', 'chronic plantar fasciitis']

answer: @entity3444 :: (MESH:D036981,Disease) :: ['chronic plantar fasciitis']


abstract: PEP (Peer Education Programme) Talk: @entity6 , Healthy Feet and You is a peer-led self-management programme developed to address the problems of growing prevalence of @entity6 and its complications, and limited health care dollars. An evaluation of the programme, how it might be situated within a public health perspective and potential bridges for its implementation in communities throughout @entity3394 and worldwide, are presented. The programme consisted of workshops that were conducted by volunteer peer leaders and health care professionals in 12 communities in 10 Canadian provinces; the volunteers were supported through monthly mentoring teleconferences, on-line tips and discussion board conversations. A web portal was developed to be used by the team, volunteers and community @entity1 . Workshop curriculum was developed based on @entity6 footcare and self-management best practise guidelines. Community @entity1 answered pre-and post-workshop statements that indicated that learning occurred, as indicated by an increase in the number of statements answered correctly. @entity1 ' feedback about the workshops was positive. In telephone follow-up interviews, 97% of respondents reported having changed their foot self-management behaviours. The portal was commonly used according to website visits, but not as much as expected for registration of community @entity1 . It is recommended that this programme be made widely available and tailored to the specific needs of the communities and that further evaluation be conducted.

title: Evaluation of a peer-led self-management education programme PEP Talk: XXXX , Healthy Feet and You.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Results to date indicate that @entity34 ( @entity34 ) with autologous stem cell support improves survival of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). We performed a multicenter, sequential, randomized trial designed to assess the optimal timing of @entity34 and autotransplantation. Among 202 enrolled @entity1 who were up to 56 years old, 185 were randomly assigned to receive @entity34 and peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) autotransplantation (early @entity34 group, n = 91) or a conventional-dose chemotherapy (CCT) regimen (late @entity34 group, n = 94). In the late @entity34 group, @entity34 and transplantation were performed as rescue treament, in case of primary resistance to CCT or at relapse in responders. PBSC were collected before randomization, after mobilization by chemotherapy, and, in the two groups, @entity34 was preceded by three or four treatments with @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity1667 . Data were analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis using a sequential design. Within a median follow-up of 58 months, estimated median overall survival (OS) was 64.6 months in the early @entity34 group and 64 months in the late group. Survival curves were not different (P = .92, log-rank test). Median event-free survival (EFS) was 39 months in the early @entity34 group whereas median time between randomization and CCT failure was 13 months in the late group. Average time without symptoms, treatment, and treatment @entity137 (TWiSTT) were 27.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]; range, 23.8 to 31.8) and 22.3 months (range, 16.0 to 28.6) in the two groups, respectively. @entity34 with PBSC transplantation obtained a median OS exceeding 5 years in young @entity1 with symptomatic @entity1582 , whether performed early, as first-line therapy, or late, as rescue treatment. Early @entity34 may be preferred because it is associated with a shorter period of chemotherapy.

title: High-dose therapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in XXXX : up-front or rescue treatment? Results of a multicenter sequential randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['high-dose therapy', 'HDT']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5325 ( @entity5325 ) is an uncommon condition. The main symptom is @entity10 which appears on standing and is relieved by lying down. Diagnosis is confirmed if a CSF pressure of less than 6 cm of water is found in the absence of other causes of @entity551 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the cranial MR and CT findings of 7 cases with @entity5325 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 7 @entity1 in whom the diagnosis had been confirmed by lumbar puncture. The findings of 5 cranial CT studies (not using contrast), 5 MR without @entity2287 and 4 MR with @entity2287 were studied. The CT were carried out during the first week after clinical signs appeared, and the MR at between 1 week and 4 months after onset. We reviewed previous findings in the literature. RESULTS: 1. Cranial CT: in one case there was an enlarged subarachnoid space; 2. MR without @entity2287 : there was descent of the cerebellar tonsils in 4 @entity1 , meningeal thickening in 5 cases and subdural collections in two @entity1 . In no case was descent of the iter seen; 3. MR with @entity2287 : aural contrast was taken up in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The CT without contrast done at the onset of the condition did not usually give data which was useful for diagnosis. The principal MR findings in our series (meningeal thickening, descent of the cerebellar tonsils, subdural collections and @entity2287 uptake) in an appropriate clinical context may be sufficient for diagnosis of this condition before lumbar puncture.

title: [ XXXX . Radiological findings].

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5325 :: ('MESH:D019585', 'Disease') :: ['SIH', 'Spontaneous intracranial hypotension']

answer: @entity5325 :: (MESH:D019585,Disease) :: ['Spontaneous intracranial hypotension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various @entity74 cause @entity2438 associated with @entity717 and @entity302 . Here, we set out to identify the @entity74 in a consanguineous Omani family with three affected @entity1 in whom mutations in known candidate genes had been excluded beforehand. METHODS: For mutation screening, we combined autozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing. Segregation of potential disease variants with the phenotype was verified by Sanger sequencing. A splice-site mutation was confirmed and quantified by qPCR. RESULTS: We found an autosomal recessive splice acceptor mutation in @entity5113 ( @entity70688 , @entity70689 ) in all affected individuals, which led to exon skipping, and reduced the normal full-length mRNA copy number in the @entity1 to 5% of the wild-type level. Besides @entity717 and @entity2438 , two of three affected siblings suffered from severe @entity302 . All @entity1 exhibited @entity910 of the limbs coinciding with symmetric T2 hyperintensities of the basal ganglia on cranial MRI. CONCLUSIONS: A recent report has shown dominant @entity5113 mutations to occur de novo in @entity1 with @entity717 . Here, we demonstrate that a @entity5113 -associated disorder can also be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with heterozygous individuals being entirely healthy. Our findings expand the clinical and genetic spectrum of @entity5113 mutations to comprise @entity302 and @entity21 .

title: Recessive @entity5113 mutation associates with @entity2438 , @entity717 , @entity21 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect', 'genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various @entity74 cause @entity2438 associated with @entity717 and @entity302 . Here, we set out to identify the @entity74 in a consanguineous Omani family with three affected @entity1 in whom mutations in known candidate genes had been excluded beforehand. METHODS: For mutation screening, we combined autozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing. Segregation of potential disease variants with the phenotype was verified by Sanger sequencing. A splice-site mutation was confirmed and quantified by qPCR. RESULTS: We found an autosomal recessive splice acceptor mutation in @entity5113 ( @entity70688 , @entity70689 ) in all affected individuals, which led to exon skipping, and reduced the normal full-length mRNA copy number in the @entity1 to 5% of the wild-type level. Besides @entity717 and @entity2438 , two of three affected siblings suffered from severe @entity302 . All @entity1 exhibited @entity910 of the limbs coinciding with symmetric T2 hyperintensities of the basal ganglia on cranial MRI. CONCLUSIONS: A recent report has shown dominant @entity5113 mutations to occur de novo in @entity1 with @entity717 . Here, we demonstrate that a @entity5113 -associated disorder can also be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with heterozygous individuals being entirely healthy. Our findings expand the clinical and genetic spectrum of @entity5113 mutations to comprise @entity302 and @entity21 .

title: Recessive @entity5113 mutation associates with @entity2438 , @entity717 , XXXX and @entity302 .

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['basal ganglia dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various @entity74 cause @entity2438 associated with @entity717 and @entity302 . Here, we set out to identify the @entity74 in a consanguineous Omani family with three affected @entity1 in whom mutations in known candidate genes had been excluded beforehand. METHODS: For mutation screening, we combined autozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing. Segregation of potential disease variants with the phenotype was verified by Sanger sequencing. A splice-site mutation was confirmed and quantified by qPCR. RESULTS: We found an autosomal recessive splice acceptor mutation in @entity5113 ( @entity70688 , @entity70689 ) in all affected individuals, which led to exon skipping, and reduced the normal full-length mRNA copy number in the @entity1 to 5% of the wild-type level. Besides @entity717 and @entity2438 , two of three affected siblings suffered from severe @entity302 . All @entity1 exhibited @entity910 of the limbs coinciding with symmetric T2 hyperintensities of the basal ganglia on cranial MRI. CONCLUSIONS: A recent report has shown dominant @entity5113 mutations to occur de novo in @entity1 with @entity717 . Here, we demonstrate that a @entity5113 -associated disorder can also be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with heterozygous individuals being entirely healthy. Our findings expand the clinical and genetic spectrum of @entity5113 mutations to comprise @entity302 and @entity21 .

title: Recessive @entity5113 mutation associates with XXXX , @entity717 , @entity21 and @entity302 .

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various @entity74 cause @entity2438 associated with @entity717 and @entity302 . Here, we set out to identify the @entity74 in a consanguineous Omani family with three affected @entity1 in whom mutations in known candidate genes had been excluded beforehand. METHODS: For mutation screening, we combined autozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing. Segregation of potential disease variants with the phenotype was verified by Sanger sequencing. A splice-site mutation was confirmed and quantified by qPCR. RESULTS: We found an autosomal recessive splice acceptor mutation in @entity5113 ( @entity70688 , @entity70689 ) in all affected individuals, which led to exon skipping, and reduced the normal full-length mRNA copy number in the @entity1 to 5% of the wild-type level. Besides @entity717 and @entity2438 , two of three affected siblings suffered from severe @entity302 . All @entity1 exhibited @entity910 of the limbs coinciding with symmetric T2 hyperintensities of the basal ganglia on cranial MRI. CONCLUSIONS: A recent report has shown dominant @entity5113 mutations to occur de novo in @entity1 with @entity717 . Here, we demonstrate that a @entity5113 -associated disorder can also be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with heterozygous individuals being entirely healthy. Our findings expand the clinical and genetic spectrum of @entity5113 mutations to comprise @entity302 and @entity21 .

title: Recessive XXXX mutation associates with @entity2438 , @entity717 , @entity21 and @entity302 .

answer: @entity5113 :: (10522,Gene) :: ['DEAF1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various @entity74 cause @entity2438 associated with @entity717 and @entity302 . Here, we set out to identify the @entity74 in a consanguineous Omani family with three affected @entity1 in whom mutations in known candidate genes had been excluded beforehand. METHODS: For mutation screening, we combined autozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing. Segregation of potential disease variants with the phenotype was verified by Sanger sequencing. A splice-site mutation was confirmed and quantified by qPCR. RESULTS: We found an autosomal recessive splice acceptor mutation in @entity5113 ( @entity70688 , @entity70689 ) in all affected individuals, which led to exon skipping, and reduced the normal full-length mRNA copy number in the @entity1 to 5% of the wild-type level. Besides @entity717 and @entity2438 , two of three affected siblings suffered from severe @entity302 . All @entity1 exhibited @entity910 of the limbs coinciding with symmetric T2 hyperintensities of the basal ganglia on cranial MRI. CONCLUSIONS: A recent report has shown dominant @entity5113 mutations to occur de novo in @entity1 with @entity717 . Here, we demonstrate that a @entity5113 -associated disorder can also be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with heterozygous individuals being entirely healthy. Our findings expand the clinical and genetic spectrum of @entity5113 mutations to comprise @entity302 and @entity21 .

title: Recessive @entity5113 mutation associates with @entity2438 , XXXX , @entity21 and @entity302 .

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']