abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine the role of radiotherapy after curative-intent surgery in the management of extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1997 through 2005, 78 @entity1 with @entity1126 were surgically staged. These @entity1 were stratified by the absence of adjuvant radiation (n = 47, group I) versus radiation (n = 31, group II) after resection. Pathology examination showed 27 cases in group I and 20 cases in group II had microscopically positive resection margins. The @entity1 in group II received 45 to 54 Gy of external beam radiotherapy. The primary endpoints of this study were overall survival, disease-free survival, and prognostic factors. RESULTS: There were no differences between the 5-year overall survival rates for the two groups (11.6% in group I vs. 21% in group II). However, the @entity1 with microscopically positive resection margins who received adjuvant radiation therapy had higher median disease-free survival rates than those who underwent surgery alone (21 months vs. 10 months, respectively, p = 0.042). @entity177 was found in @entity1 who received postoperative radiotherapy (61.7% in group I and 35.6% in group II, p = 0.02). Outcomes of the @entity1 with a positive resection margin and lymph node @entity3 who received postoperative radiation therapy were doubled compared to those of @entity1 without adjuvant radiotherapy. Resection margin status, lymph node @entity3 , and pathology differentiation were significant prognostic factors in disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant radiotherapy might be useful in @entity1 with @entity1126 , especially for those @entity1 with microscopic @entity41 and positive lymph nodes after resection for increasing local control.

title: XXXX : surgery alone versus surgery plus postoperative radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['EHBD cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Decreasing local failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1126 :: (MESH:D001650,Disease) :: ['Extrahepatic bile duct cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measures of ventilatory inefficiency, such as the slope of the relation between ventilation and @entity544 production ((Equation is included in full-text article.)slope) and the @entity26 uptake efficiency slope (OUES) have recently been shown to be strong prognostic markers in @entity1 with @entity712 . Little is known regarding the effects of exercise training on these indices. METHODS: Fifty @entity712 @entity1 (mean age = 55    6 years, ejection fraction = 33    6%) referred to a residential cardiac rehabilitation program were randomized to a 2-month high-intensity training program (n = 24) or to a control group (n = 26). Before and after the study period, maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed, and markers of ventilatory inefficiency were determined. RESULTS: Training increased peak @entity26 uptake ((Equation is included in full-text article.); 23%), exercise time (29%), and peak workload (28%), whereas no changes were observed in controls (all P < .05 between groups). No differences were observed in the (Equation is included in full-text article.)slope in either group. However, the ventilatory equivalent for @entity26 ((Equation is included in full-text article.)ratio) was reduced at matched work rates throughout exercise (P < .01). The OUES increased by 12% in the exercise groups (P = .003) and 4% in controls. At baseline, trained @entity1 had an OUES that was 69% of the age-predicted value and this improved to 78% after training (P = .004). The change in OUES was significantly related to the change in peak (Equation is included in full-text article.)with training (r = 0.63, P = .001). CONCLUSION: High-intensity training resulted in marked improvements in exercise capacity in @entity1 with @entity712 . Training improved the OUES and reduced the (Equation is included in full-text article.)ratio, but the (Equation is included in full-text article.)slope was unchanged. Among measures of ventilatory inefficiency, the OUES may be more sensitive to training than the (Equation is included in full-text article.)slope.

title: Effects of high-intensity training on indices of ventilatory efficiency in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The detention of @entity1 infected with @entity378 has recently been the subject of significant professional and public interest. In Ireland, the power to detain and isolate probable sources of @entity166 is found in the Health Act 1947. The objective of this study was to describe the use of the power to detain, and to examine relevant legal implications. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort survey. METHODS: Respiratory and @entity166 physicians practising in the public sector were invited to complete a self-administered postal questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 44 clinicians surveyed, 33 responded, representing a total of 356 years of specialist practice (mean 10.8 years). Although 70% of respondents had made use of threats of formal detention in dealing with non-compliant @entity1 , only one formal detention under statutory powers was identified. Infrastructural and legal concerns with the use of detention were common. There was widespread support for a broadening of the range of additional public health powers, including a power of prolonged detention in the setting of multi- @entity6371 . CONCLUSION: Detention and isolation of non-compliant @entity378 @entity1 remains in active use. Physicians detaining, or threatening to detain, @entity1 continue to expose themselves to legal liability because of the outdated legal framework underlying those powers.

title: The power of detention in the management of non-compliance with XXXX treatment: a survey of Irish practitioners and analysis of potential legal liability.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) still poses a challenge to therapists in spite of the availability of multiple innovative molecular treatment options. Complete remission is rare and in cases of partial remission it is often unclear if @entity39 or vital @entity189 tissue persists. We report on a cohort of @entity1 who underwent metastasectomy after neoadjuvant therapy with multi- @entity669 kinase inhibitors (MTKI). METHODS: In 2009 a total of 11 @entity1 (7 male and 4 female) underwent metastasectomy after achievement of >=  3 months stable partial remission. All @entity1 received either @entity2240 (n=7, mean 5.5 cycles), bevacizumab and interferon ( @entity3027 )-a2a (n=2, mean 8.5 months), @entity13850 (n=1, mean 9 months) or a combination of @entity2240 followed by @entity13850 (n=1). Of the @entity1 7 presented with retroperitoneal lymph node @entity3 with a mean diameter of 3.5-12 cm, 2 @entity1 with pulmonary @entity3 , 1 @entity1 with lymph node and pancreas tail @entity3 and 1 female @entity1 showed @entity66 in the vena cava. RESULTS: All @entity3 were completely resected with negative surgical margins. In 82% of the cases histologically active, Ki-67 positive @entity1358 tissue was identified. The following adjunctive interventions were necessary: vena cava resection with vascular prosthesis and reimplantation of the renal vein (n=3), partial liver resection (n=1), splenectomy (n=1) and pancreas tail resection (n=1). There were no significant perioperative complications but 1 @entity1 developed @entity4438 dehiscence and underwent revision surgery and 1 @entity1 developed clinically insignificant @entity788 . After a median follow-up of 12 months (range 8-19 months) 5 @entity1 had no recurrence and 6 of the @entity1 showed liver (n=3), lung (n=2) or bone (n=1) recurrences from which 3 @entity1 died. CONCLUSIONS: Metastasectomy of @entity1358 is associated with a low rate of complications in experienced centers. Surgical resection of metastatic disease is indicated to achieve complete remission with a favorable prognosis because of biologically active @entity703 tissue. @entity1 with isolated and resectable @entity3 are ideal candidates for such a procedure.

title: [Metastasectomy in @entity1358 after neoadjuvant therapy with multi- XXXX kinase inhibitors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13850 :: ('MESH:C401859', 'Chemical') :: ['temsirolimus']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['mRCC', 'Metastatic renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) still poses a challenge to therapists in spite of the availability of multiple innovative molecular treatment options. Complete remission is rare and in cases of partial remission it is often unclear if @entity39 or vital @entity189 tissue persists. We report on a cohort of @entity1 who underwent metastasectomy after neoadjuvant therapy with multi- @entity669 kinase inhibitors (MTKI). METHODS: In 2009 a total of 11 @entity1 (7 male and 4 female) underwent metastasectomy after achievement of >=  3 months stable partial remission. All @entity1 received either @entity2240 (n=7, mean 5.5 cycles), bevacizumab and interferon ( @entity3027 )-a2a (n=2, mean 8.5 months), @entity13850 (n=1, mean 9 months) or a combination of @entity2240 followed by @entity13850 (n=1). Of the @entity1 7 presented with retroperitoneal lymph node @entity3 with a mean diameter of 3.5-12 cm, 2 @entity1 with pulmonary @entity3 , 1 @entity1 with lymph node and pancreas tail @entity3 and 1 female @entity1 showed @entity66 in the vena cava. RESULTS: All @entity3 were completely resected with negative surgical margins. In 82% of the cases histologically active, Ki-67 positive @entity1358 tissue was identified. The following adjunctive interventions were necessary: vena cava resection with vascular prosthesis and reimplantation of the renal vein (n=3), partial liver resection (n=1), splenectomy (n=1) and pancreas tail resection (n=1). There were no significant perioperative complications but 1 @entity1 developed @entity4438 dehiscence and underwent revision surgery and 1 @entity1 developed clinically insignificant @entity788 . After a median follow-up of 12 months (range 8-19 months) 5 @entity1 had no recurrence and 6 of the @entity1 showed liver (n=3), lung (n=2) or bone (n=1) recurrences from which 3 @entity1 died. CONCLUSIONS: Metastasectomy of @entity1358 is associated with a low rate of complications in experienced centers. Surgical resection of metastatic disease is indicated to achieve complete remission with a favorable prognosis because of biologically active @entity703 tissue. @entity1 with isolated and resectable @entity3 are ideal candidates for such a procedure.

title: [Metastasectomy in XXXX after neoadjuvant therapy with multi- @entity669 kinase inhibitors].

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There has been a recent increase in the incidence of @entity5442 worldwide. To this date, @entity5442 has been described almost exclusively in @entity1 and adolescents. In most cases the causative agents are Gram-positive bacteria. When it involves muscles around the hip, other differential diagnoses such as @entity5414 and @entity603 need to be excluded amongst others. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 16 year old Caucasian male who suffered from @entity6735 of his left obturator internus muscle. He was pyrexial at 41 degrees C with @entity5084 and severe @entity158 , whilst range of motion of his left hip was severely limited. Tenderness over the left pubic bone was significant. After clinical examination and relevant laboratory investigations, it was decided to treat him conservatively with intravenous antibiotics. Blood cultures grew @entity794 resistant to @entity115 and @entity869 . The @entity1 was discharged fifteen days later. At the time of discharge, he was symptom-free. CONCLUSION: This form of @entity6735 is a rare @entity281 , which may be difficult to diagnose and can easily be missed. Therefore, physicians should familiarise themselves with this condition and consider it as a possible differential diagnosis in @entity1 presenting with an acutely @entity158 hip.

title: Obturator internus XXXX in a young adult: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['transient synovitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity6735 :: ('MESH:D052880', 'Disease') :: ['pyomyositis']

answer: @entity6735 :: (MESH:D052880,Disease) :: ['pyomyositis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) at high-fat (HF) levels on parameters related to @entity1674 (TG) regulation and some potential impacts on @entity409 . METHODS: Growing @entity19 were fed a control diet (7% @entity4336 oil), an HF diet containing 20% @entity4336 oil, or an HF diet containing 3% CLA (HF + CLA) for 30 d. Tissue and organ weights, plasma and tissue TG levels, and parameters related to their regulation were evaluated. Liver oxidative status was also assessed. RESULTS: Dietary CLA showed detrimental and beneficial effects. CLA added to the HF diet caused @entity382 (+32%) and exacerbated the hepatic TG accumulation (+168%) observed with the HF diet without inducing @entity409 ; however, it significantly reduced plasma TG concentrations (-37%) and normalized muscular TG content. An increase in @entity2041 was associated with total normalization of liver lipid peroxidation. In addition, HF + @entity13357 caused @entity3986 of epididymal fat pads, even when the HF diet had increased the adipose tissue mass (30%). The biochemical mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipid levels were related to reduced (-20%) hepatic very low-density lipoprotein-TG secretion and decreased muscle (-35%) and adipose (-49%) tissue contributions to the removal of plasma TG by lipoprotein lipase enzymes. CONCLUSION: Examination of CLA at HF levels showed @entity382 and exacerbation of lipid accretion as a negative impact; however, some positive aspects such as hypotriglyceridemia and protection against oxidative stress were also induced. Even the fat reduction is nutritionally important for weight control; the biochemical mechanisms whereby CLA mediates the potential effects could produce undesirable metabolic alterations.

title: Effects of dietary conjugated @entity4722 at high-fat levels on XXXX regulation in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triacylglycerol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) at high-fat (HF) levels on parameters related to @entity1674 (TG) regulation and some potential impacts on @entity409 . METHODS: Growing @entity19 were fed a control diet (7% @entity4336 oil), an HF diet containing 20% @entity4336 oil, or an HF diet containing 3% CLA (HF + CLA) for 30 d. Tissue and organ weights, plasma and tissue TG levels, and parameters related to their regulation were evaluated. Liver oxidative status was also assessed. RESULTS: Dietary CLA showed detrimental and beneficial effects. CLA added to the HF diet caused @entity382 (+32%) and exacerbated the hepatic TG accumulation (+168%) observed with the HF diet without inducing @entity409 ; however, it significantly reduced plasma TG concentrations (-37%) and normalized muscular TG content. An increase in @entity2041 was associated with total normalization of liver lipid peroxidation. In addition, HF + @entity13357 caused @entity3986 of epididymal fat pads, even when the HF diet had increased the adipose tissue mass (30%). The biochemical mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipid levels were related to reduced (-20%) hepatic very low-density lipoprotein-TG secretion and decreased muscle (-35%) and adipose (-49%) tissue contributions to the removal of plasma TG by lipoprotein lipase enzymes. CONCLUSION: Examination of CLA at HF levels showed @entity382 and exacerbation of lipid accretion as a negative impact; however, some positive aspects such as hypotriglyceridemia and protection against oxidative stress were also induced. Even the fat reduction is nutritionally important for weight control; the biochemical mechanisms whereby CLA mediates the potential effects could produce undesirable metabolic alterations.

title: Effects of dietary conjugated XXXX at high-fat levels on @entity1674 regulation in @entity19 .

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) at high-fat (HF) levels on parameters related to @entity1674 (TG) regulation and some potential impacts on @entity409 . METHODS: Growing @entity19 were fed a control diet (7% @entity4336 oil), an HF diet containing 20% @entity4336 oil, or an HF diet containing 3% CLA (HF + CLA) for 30 d. Tissue and organ weights, plasma and tissue TG levels, and parameters related to their regulation were evaluated. Liver oxidative status was also assessed. RESULTS: Dietary CLA showed detrimental and beneficial effects. CLA added to the HF diet caused @entity382 (+32%) and exacerbated the hepatic TG accumulation (+168%) observed with the HF diet without inducing @entity409 ; however, it significantly reduced plasma TG concentrations (-37%) and normalized muscular TG content. An increase in @entity2041 was associated with total normalization of liver lipid peroxidation. In addition, HF + @entity13357 caused @entity3986 of epididymal fat pads, even when the HF diet had increased the adipose tissue mass (30%). The biochemical mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipid levels were related to reduced (-20%) hepatic very low-density lipoprotein-TG secretion and decreased muscle (-35%) and adipose (-49%) tissue contributions to the removal of plasma TG by lipoprotein lipase enzymes. CONCLUSION: Examination of CLA at HF levels showed @entity382 and exacerbation of lipid accretion as a negative impact; however, some positive aspects such as hypotriglyceridemia and protection against oxidative stress were also induced. Even the fat reduction is nutritionally important for weight control; the biochemical mechanisms whereby CLA mediates the potential effects could produce undesirable metabolic alterations.

title: Effects of dietary conjugated @entity4722 at high-fat levels on @entity1674 regulation in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: By measuring the pressure decline caused by coronary narrowing, fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an index of the physiological significance of a @entity850 . Intracoronary electrocardiogram (IC-ECG) recording from an angioplasty guidewire is more sensitive than standard ECG in detecting regional @entity741 . The aim of the study was to assess if unipolar IC-ECG ST segment recording from angioplasty guidewire during maximal pharmacologic vasodilation could be used as an indirect estimation of FFR results. METHODS: Forty-eight clinically stable @entity1 with intermediate @entity850 underwent FFR evaluation and IC-ECG recording during intravenous @entity859 infusion. RESULTS: FFR values were  <= 0.80 in 26 (54%) @entity1 and > 0.80 in 22 (46%). After @entity859 , standard ECG was abnormal in only nine (19%) @entity1 , while IC-ECG showed a significant ST segment shift (IST) in 24 (50%) @entity1 : ST elevation in 19 @entity1 and @entity308 in five). IST was documented in 21/26 @entity1 with FFR  <= 0.80 (81%) and in 3/22 with FFR > 0.80 (p < 0.001). Sensitivity of IST for predicting an abnormal FFR value was 81%, specificity 86%, positive and negative predictive accuracies were 88% and 79%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary ST segment shift evaluation during @entity859 infusion may be of value in assessing the functional significance of a borderline @entity850 . The presence of IST during @entity859 infusion could obviate the need for additional FFR evaluation.

title: Intracoronary electrocardiogram ST segment shift evaluation during intravenous XXXX infusion: a comparison with fractional flow reserve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['vessel stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided percutaneous cryoablation of normal @entity235 prostates and to identify MR imaging features that accurately predict the area of tissue damage at a microscopic level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six adult male mixed-breed @entity235 were anesthetized, intubated, and placed in a 0.5-T open MR imaging system. A receive-only endorectal coil was placed, and prostate location and depth were determined on T1-weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) MR imaging. After placement of cryoprobes and temperature sensors, three freezing protocols were used to ablate prostate tissue. Ice ball formation was monitored with T1-weighted FSE imaging. Tissue @entity39 area was assessed with contrast-enhanced weighted MR imaging and compared with histopathologic findings. RESULTS: A total of 12 cryolesions (mean size, 1.2 cm) were bilaterally created in six prostates. Ice ball formation was oval and signal-free on T1-weighted FSE sequences in all cases. Postprocedural contrast-enhanced MR imaging typically showed a nonenhancing area of low signal intensity centrally located within the frozen area, surrounded by a bright enhancing rim in all cases. On histopathologic examination, two distinct zones were identified within cryolesions. Centrally, a necrotic zone with complete cellular destruction and @entity548 was found. Between this necrotic zone and normal glandular tissue, a zone of fragmented and intact glands, @entity4 , and rare acute inflammatory cells was seen. Correlation between nonenhancement on contrast-enhanced weighted MR images and tissue @entity39 on pathologic examination was consistent within all six @entity235 . CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging-guided cryoablation of the prostate is technically feasible. The nonenhancing area on postablation contrast-enhanced weighted MR imaging accurately predicts the area of cryoablation-induced tissue @entity39 on pathologic analysis.

title: MR imaging-guided percutaneous cryoablation of the prostate in an animal model: in vivo imaging of cryoablation-induced tissue XXXX with immediate histopathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: The consumption of drugs is of great concern worldwide. Various drug tests for @entity1 have been developed but there is no compact and easy-to-use test device available yet for direct semi-quantitative drug testing in the field. We suggest using attenuated total reflection (ATR) infrared spectroscopy as a sensing method to analyze @entity1 saliva samples with respect to drugs. In this paper, we present ATR spectra in the infrared range between 2300 and 900 cm(-1) as a first step towards such a device. We emphasize the common drug @entity2072 and its metabolites and investigate the problems of spectral interferences of selected diluents, masking agents, common medication, and soft drinks. Furthermore, spectra of saliva samples are recorded and a time-dependent change of the spectral signatures after @entity285 consumption is presented. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that not only spectra of the drug of interest ( @entity2072 ) dissolved in water and in saliva but also spectra of interfering compounds possibly present in the saliva sample of a tested subject are discussed. This paper presents the most appropriate spectral range for strong @entity2072 absorption (including its metabolites) and minimum interference by the investigated substances. This spectral window is found to be between 1800 and 1710 cm(-1). In addition, we demonstrate the feasibility to identify @entity2072 in saliva at a concentration of 0.020 mg/ml with IR-ATR-spectroscopy without any separation or extraction procedures. For example, this technique could also be applied for drug detection in waste water.

title: Infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) spectroscopy for detecting drugs in XXXX saliva.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One-third of the world's population is infected with @entity378 , and 9 months of @entity3109 monotherapy is the treatment of choice for @entity9178 . However, this approach has been associated with hepatotoxicity and poor compliance. A shorter (4-month) @entity1215 regimen has been evaluated in recent clinical trials. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of the published studies to compare compliance, @entity137 , and cost-effectiveness between the 2 strategies. Pooled effects were calculated as risk ratios (RRs) by means of random-effects and fixed-effects models. RESULTS: Pooled data from 3586 @entity1 suggested that 4-month @entity1215 therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of noncompletion (RR for random-effects model, 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.63). Noncompletion rates were lower among @entity1 who received 4-month @entity1215 therapy (range, 8.6%-28.4%), compared with noncompletion rates among @entity1 who received 9-month isoniazid therapy (range, 24.1%-47.4%). Also, rates of hepatotoxicity (defined as grade 3 or 4 @entity1578 leading to drug discontinuation) were lower for @entity1 who received 4-month @entity1215 therapy (range, 0%-0.7%), compared with the corresponding rates for @entity1 who received 9-month isoniazid therapy (range, 1.4%-5.2%), and @entity1215 was associated with significant reduction in the risk of hepatotoxicity (RR for fixed-effects model, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.30). Notably, with the data from our meta-analysis, we calculated that the 4-month @entity1215 strategy is also cost-effective and results in  213 savings per @entity1 treated ( 90/ @entity1 when doctor fees are not included). CONCLUSIONS: The improved compliance, safety, and cost associated with the 4-month @entity1215 therapy suggest that the efficacy of this approach needs to be evaluated in detail. An extended posttreatment follow-up in future studies will clarify the unresolved issue of @entity378 reactivation rates.

title: 4 months of @entity1215 compared with 9 months of isoniazid for the management of @entity9178 : a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness study that focuses on compliance and liver XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One-third of the world's population is infected with @entity378 , and 9 months of @entity3109 monotherapy is the treatment of choice for @entity9178 . However, this approach has been associated with hepatotoxicity and poor compliance. A shorter (4-month) @entity1215 regimen has been evaluated in recent clinical trials. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of the published studies to compare compliance, @entity137 , and cost-effectiveness between the 2 strategies. Pooled effects were calculated as risk ratios (RRs) by means of random-effects and fixed-effects models. RESULTS: Pooled data from 3586 @entity1 suggested that 4-month @entity1215 therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of noncompletion (RR for random-effects model, 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.63). Noncompletion rates were lower among @entity1 who received 4-month @entity1215 therapy (range, 8.6%-28.4%), compared with noncompletion rates among @entity1 who received 9-month isoniazid therapy (range, 24.1%-47.4%). Also, rates of hepatotoxicity (defined as grade 3 or 4 @entity1578 leading to drug discontinuation) were lower for @entity1 who received 4-month @entity1215 therapy (range, 0%-0.7%), compared with the corresponding rates for @entity1 who received 9-month isoniazid therapy (range, 1.4%-5.2%), and @entity1215 was associated with significant reduction in the risk of hepatotoxicity (RR for fixed-effects model, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.30). Notably, with the data from our meta-analysis, we calculated that the 4-month @entity1215 strategy is also cost-effective and results in  213 savings per @entity1 treated ( 90/ @entity1 when doctor fees are not included). CONCLUSIONS: The improved compliance, safety, and cost associated with the 4-month @entity1215 therapy suggest that the efficacy of this approach needs to be evaluated in detail. An extended posttreatment follow-up in future studies will clarify the unresolved issue of @entity378 reactivation rates.

title: 4 months of XXXX compared with 9 months of isoniazid for the management of @entity9178 : a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness study that focuses on compliance and liver @entity137 .

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One-third of the world's population is infected with @entity378 , and 9 months of @entity3109 monotherapy is the treatment of choice for @entity9178 . However, this approach has been associated with hepatotoxicity and poor compliance. A shorter (4-month) @entity1215 regimen has been evaluated in recent clinical trials. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of the published studies to compare compliance, @entity137 , and cost-effectiveness between the 2 strategies. Pooled effects were calculated as risk ratios (RRs) by means of random-effects and fixed-effects models. RESULTS: Pooled data from 3586 @entity1 suggested that 4-month @entity1215 therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of noncompletion (RR for random-effects model, 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-0.63). Noncompletion rates were lower among @entity1 who received 4-month @entity1215 therapy (range, 8.6%-28.4%), compared with noncompletion rates among @entity1 who received 9-month isoniazid therapy (range, 24.1%-47.4%). Also, rates of hepatotoxicity (defined as grade 3 or 4 @entity1578 leading to drug discontinuation) were lower for @entity1 who received 4-month @entity1215 therapy (range, 0%-0.7%), compared with the corresponding rates for @entity1 who received 9-month isoniazid therapy (range, 1.4%-5.2%), and @entity1215 was associated with significant reduction in the risk of hepatotoxicity (RR for fixed-effects model, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05-0.30). Notably, with the data from our meta-analysis, we calculated that the 4-month @entity1215 strategy is also cost-effective and results in  213 savings per @entity1 treated ( 90/ @entity1 when doctor fees are not included). CONCLUSIONS: The improved compliance, safety, and cost associated with the 4-month @entity1215 therapy suggest that the efficacy of this approach needs to be evaluated in detail. An extended posttreatment follow-up in future studies will clarify the unresolved issue of @entity378 reactivation rates.

title: 4 months of @entity1215 compared with 9 months of isoniazid for the management of XXXX : a meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness study that focuses on compliance and liver @entity137 .

answer: @entity9178 :: (MESH:D055985,Disease) :: ['latent tuberculosis infection']


abstract: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the results of kidney transplantation in @entity1 with @entity12042 . We analyzed the results of renal transplantation in 13 amyloidotic transplant recipients compared with those in a control group of 13 nonamyloidotic @entity1 . While the etiology of @entity2783 was @entity309 in one @entity1 , in all of the others it was secondary to @entity827 . Acute rejection episodes developed once in six and twice in one @entity1 . The renal function in these @entity1 was improved by antirejection treatment. Chronic rejection did not develop in any @entity1 . However six @entity1 (46%) died due to various complications despite functional grafts. The others are still being followed with well-functioning grafts. Among the control group, acute and chronic rejection were diagnosed in three and two @entity1 , respectively: one @entity1 returned to hemodialysis after 26 months of transplantation, while the others are still alive with functional grafts. There was no death in the control group. The 5- and 10-year actuarial @entity1 survival rates of the @entity2783 and control groups were 52.2%, 26.6%, and 100%, 100%, respectively (P = .002). However, the graft survivals of the @entity2783 versus control groups were 100%, 100%, versus 87.5%, 87.5, respectively (P = .47). In conclusion, we observed a high rate of early mortality among recipients with @entity2783 associated with infectious complications. Moreover, @entity1 survivals were lower among amyloidotic renal recipients.

title: Outcome of kidney transplantation for XXXX :a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity12042 :: ('MESH:C538249', 'Disease') :: ['renal amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['familial Mediterranean fever']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity12042 :: (MESH:C538249,Disease) :: ['renal amyloidosis']


abstract: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee has been linked to @entity28 . Clinical observations suggested that there is a direct relationship between the degree of @entity28 and the severity of knee @entity571 in the Latin community. This study associates the risk of requiring total knee replacement (TKR) attributable to being @entity28 on a subset of Latin @entity1 . METHODS: 112 Latin @entity1 ages 21 to 89 years were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon and enrolled in a pilot case-control study. The charts of these @entity1 were reviewed and sociodemographic data, body mass index (BMI), and initial management, whether it was medical or TKR were reviewed. @entity1 were segregated according to their BMI in different categories: normal, overweight, @entity28 class I, @entity28 class II, and @entity28 class III. Severity of @entity571 was then compared between the @entity1 in the different BMI classifications. Analyses were further adjusted for age, sex and hometown. RESULTS: 100 subjects were successfully included into the study. Of the @entity28 @entity1 , neither underweight nor normal weight @entity1 were managed with TKR, and only 9% of overweight @entity1 were managed with TKR. Overall, 48% of the @entity28 @entity1 were managed with TKR. This included 43% of the @entity28 class 1, 58% of the @entity28 class I, and 33% of the @entity28 class III @entity1 . CONCLUSION: There seems to be a direct relationship between @entity28 and risk of TKR in the Latin community.

title: Correlation between body mass index and need for total knee replacement in a group of Latin XXXX with knee osteoarthritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, management, and outcome of @entity1 diagnosed with a @entity788 after a distal pancreatectomy during primary surgical cytoreduction for @entity43 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all @entity1 who had a distal pancreatectomy at the time of primary surgery. Charts were reviewed to identify those @entity1 who developed a persistent left upper quadrant abdominal fluid collection with elevated amylase levels. RESULTS: A total of 17 @entity1 had a distal pancreatectomy; of these, 4 @entity1 (24%) developed a postoperative @entity788 . In these @entity1 , persistent @entity491 prompted evaluation with a computed tomography scan, which subsequently revealed a fluid collection. The median time from surgery to drainage of this collection was 9 days (range, 8-66). The drain remained in situ for a median of 29 days (range, 22-82). The median amylase level of the fluid was 22,945 U/L (range, 763-47,250). The median length of hospital stay for those @entity1 with a leak was 33 days (range, 25-44), which was longer than those without a leak. However, the median time from surgery to treatment with systemic chemotherapy was 31 days (range, 16-43), which was equivalent to those without a @entity788 . CONCLUSION: Twenty-four percent of @entity1 who had undergone a distal pancreatectomy developed a @entity788 . This complication, which usually presents early in the postoperative period, can be managed conservatively with percutaneous drainage. @entity1697 may be resumed, and total parenteral nutrition is not needed in the majority of cases. Systemic chemotherapy can be administered without significant delay.

title: Incidence and management of pancreatic leaks after splenectomy with distal pancreatectomy performed during primary cytoreductive surgery for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian, peritoneal, or tubal cancer']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic leak']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['Oral intake']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian, peritoneal and fallopian tube cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Monocytes/macrophages are an important population of immune inflammatory cells that have diverse effector functions in which their mobility and adhesion play a very relevant role. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), a major component of green tea, has been reported to have anti- @entity56 and anti-inflammatory activities, but its effects on monocytes remain to be determined. Here we investigated the effects of @entity3090 on the migration and adhesion of monocytes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We used a @entity1 monocyte cell line ( @entity1357 ) to analyse the effects of treatment with @entity3090 under non-cytotoxic conditions on the expression levels of the @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) and of the @entity9172 ( @entity9172 ) and on the activation of @entity2393 . A functional validation was carried out by evaluating the inhibitory effect of @entity3090 on monocyte adhesiveness and migration in vitro. KEY RESULTS: Treatment of @entity1357 cells with @entity3090 decreased @entity2842 and @entity9172 gene expression, together with @entity2842 secretion and @entity9172 expression at the cell surface. @entity3090 also inhibited @entity2393 activation. The effects on these molecular targets were in agreement with the @entity3090 -induced inhibition of @entity1357 migration in response to @entity2842 and adhesion to fibronectin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Under our experimental conditions, @entity3090 treatment inhibited the migration and adhesion of monocytes. These inhibitory effects of @entity3090 on monocyte function should be considered as a promising new anti-inflammatory response with a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of @entity32 .

title: XXXX reduces @entity1 monocyte mobility and adhesion in vitro.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation-dependent diseases']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['Epigallocatechin gallate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Monocytes/macrophages are an important population of immune inflammatory cells that have diverse effector functions in which their mobility and adhesion play a very relevant role. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), a major component of green tea, has been reported to have anti- @entity56 and anti-inflammatory activities, but its effects on monocytes remain to be determined. Here we investigated the effects of @entity3090 on the migration and adhesion of monocytes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We used a @entity1 monocyte cell line ( @entity1357 ) to analyse the effects of treatment with @entity3090 under non-cytotoxic conditions on the expression levels of the @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) and of the @entity9172 ( @entity9172 ) and on the activation of @entity2393 . A functional validation was carried out by evaluating the inhibitory effect of @entity3090 on monocyte adhesiveness and migration in vitro. KEY RESULTS: Treatment of @entity1357 cells with @entity3090 decreased @entity2842 and @entity9172 gene expression, together with @entity2842 secretion and @entity9172 expression at the cell surface. @entity3090 also inhibited @entity2393 activation. The effects on these molecular targets were in agreement with the @entity3090 -induced inhibition of @entity1357 migration in response to @entity2842 and adhesion to fibronectin. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Under our experimental conditions, @entity3090 treatment inhibited the migration and adhesion of monocytes. These inhibitory effects of @entity3090 on monocyte function should be considered as a promising new anti-inflammatory response with a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of @entity32 .

title: @entity3089 reduces XXXX monocyte mobility and adhesion in vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: The impact of @entity2680 ( @entity2680 ) on the oncological outcome after anterior resection (AR) for @entity5 is still controversial. We explored the impact of @entity2680 regarding local recurrence (LR), distant @entity3 and overall recurrence (OAR). Overall and @entity5 -specific survival was analysed. METHOD: @entity1 undergoing AR for @entity5 with a registered @entity2680 between 1995 and 1997 and a control group were identified in the Swedish @entity5 Registry. The medical records were retrieved for additional data and validation. Differences in the oncological outcome at 5-year follow-up were analysed with multivariate methods. RESULTS: After validation, 114 @entity1 with @entity2680 and 136 control @entity1 with locally radical surgery for @entity5 in @entity5 -node- @entity3 stages I-III were analysed. There was no difference detected between @entity1 with @entity2680 and control @entity1 regarding rates of LR [8% (9 of 114) vs 9% (12 of 136); P = 0.97], distant @entity3 [18% (20 of 114) vs 23% (31 of 136); P = 0.37] and OAR [19% (22 of 114) vs 28% (38 of 136); P = 0.15]. The 5-year @entity5 -specific survival was almost 80% in both groups. In multivariate analysis, @entity2680 was not a risk factor of LR, distant @entity3 or OAR and had no impact on 5-year overall or 5-year @entity5 -specific survival. Irrespective of the occurrence of @entity2680 , preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.055) and rectal washout (P = 0.046) reduced the LR rate, but did not influence survival. CONCLUSION: @entity834 was not proved to be a risk factor of worse oncological outcome. Hence, additional adjuvant treatment or extended follow-up on the basis of the occurrence of @entity2680 after AR might not be justified.

title: XXXX after surgery for @entity5 : a risk factor for local recurrence, distant @entity3 and reduced @entity5 -specific survival?

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity2680 :: ('MESH:D003763', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'anastomic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal Cancer', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['Anastomotic leakage']


abstract: AIM: The impact of @entity2680 ( @entity2680 ) on the oncological outcome after anterior resection (AR) for @entity5 is still controversial. We explored the impact of @entity2680 regarding local recurrence (LR), distant @entity3 and overall recurrence (OAR). Overall and @entity5 -specific survival was analysed. METHOD: @entity1 undergoing AR for @entity5 with a registered @entity2680 between 1995 and 1997 and a control group were identified in the Swedish @entity5 Registry. The medical records were retrieved for additional data and validation. Differences in the oncological outcome at 5-year follow-up were analysed with multivariate methods. RESULTS: After validation, 114 @entity1 with @entity2680 and 136 control @entity1 with locally radical surgery for @entity5 in @entity5 -node- @entity3 stages I-III were analysed. There was no difference detected between @entity1 with @entity2680 and control @entity1 regarding rates of LR [8% (9 of 114) vs 9% (12 of 136); P = 0.97], distant @entity3 [18% (20 of 114) vs 23% (31 of 136); P = 0.37] and OAR [19% (22 of 114) vs 28% (38 of 136); P = 0.15]. The 5-year @entity5 -specific survival was almost 80% in both groups. In multivariate analysis, @entity2680 was not a risk factor of LR, distant @entity3 or OAR and had no impact on 5-year overall or 5-year @entity5 -specific survival. Irrespective of the occurrence of @entity2680 , preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.055) and rectal washout (P = 0.046) reduced the LR rate, but did not influence survival. CONCLUSION: @entity834 was not proved to be a risk factor of worse oncological outcome. Hence, additional adjuvant treatment or extended follow-up on the basis of the occurrence of @entity2680 after AR might not be justified.

title: @entity834 after surgery for @entity5 : a risk factor for local recurrence, distant XXXX and reduced @entity5 -specific survival?

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: AIM: The impact of @entity2680 ( @entity2680 ) on the oncological outcome after anterior resection (AR) for @entity5 is still controversial. We explored the impact of @entity2680 regarding local recurrence (LR), distant @entity3 and overall recurrence (OAR). Overall and @entity5 -specific survival was analysed. METHOD: @entity1 undergoing AR for @entity5 with a registered @entity2680 between 1995 and 1997 and a control group were identified in the Swedish @entity5 Registry. The medical records were retrieved for additional data and validation. Differences in the oncological outcome at 5-year follow-up were analysed with multivariate methods. RESULTS: After validation, 114 @entity1 with @entity2680 and 136 control @entity1 with locally radical surgery for @entity5 in @entity5 -node- @entity3 stages I-III were analysed. There was no difference detected between @entity1 with @entity2680 and control @entity1 regarding rates of LR [8% (9 of 114) vs 9% (12 of 136); P = 0.97], distant @entity3 [18% (20 of 114) vs 23% (31 of 136); P = 0.37] and OAR [19% (22 of 114) vs 28% (38 of 136); P = 0.15]. The 5-year @entity5 -specific survival was almost 80% in both groups. In multivariate analysis, @entity2680 was not a risk factor of LR, distant @entity3 or OAR and had no impact on 5-year overall or 5-year @entity5 -specific survival. Irrespective of the occurrence of @entity2680 , preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.055) and rectal washout (P = 0.046) reduced the LR rate, but did not influence survival. CONCLUSION: @entity834 was not proved to be a risk factor of worse oncological outcome. Hence, additional adjuvant treatment or extended follow-up on the basis of the occurrence of @entity2680 after AR might not be justified.

title: @entity834 after surgery for XXXX : a risk factor for local recurrence, distant @entity3 and reduced @entity5 -specific survival?

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: AIM: The impact of @entity2680 ( @entity2680 ) on the oncological outcome after anterior resection (AR) for @entity5 is still controversial. We explored the impact of @entity2680 regarding local recurrence (LR), distant @entity3 and overall recurrence (OAR). Overall and @entity5 -specific survival was analysed. METHOD: @entity1 undergoing AR for @entity5 with a registered @entity2680 between 1995 and 1997 and a control group were identified in the Swedish @entity5 Registry. The medical records were retrieved for additional data and validation. Differences in the oncological outcome at 5-year follow-up were analysed with multivariate methods. RESULTS: After validation, 114 @entity1 with @entity2680 and 136 control @entity1 with locally radical surgery for @entity5 in @entity5 -node- @entity3 stages I-III were analysed. There was no difference detected between @entity1 with @entity2680 and control @entity1 regarding rates of LR [8% (9 of 114) vs 9% (12 of 136); P = 0.97], distant @entity3 [18% (20 of 114) vs 23% (31 of 136); P = 0.37] and OAR [19% (22 of 114) vs 28% (38 of 136); P = 0.15]. The 5-year @entity5 -specific survival was almost 80% in both groups. In multivariate analysis, @entity2680 was not a risk factor of LR, distant @entity3 or OAR and had no impact on 5-year overall or 5-year @entity5 -specific survival. Irrespective of the occurrence of @entity2680 , preoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.055) and rectal washout (P = 0.046) reduced the LR rate, but did not influence survival. CONCLUSION: @entity834 was not proved to be a risk factor of worse oncological outcome. Hence, additional adjuvant treatment or extended follow-up on the basis of the occurrence of @entity2680 after AR might not be justified.

title: @entity834 after surgery for @entity5 : a risk factor for local recurrence, distant @entity3 and reduced XXXX -specific survival?

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The present review describes the transgenic @entity19 models that have been designed to evaluate the functions of the cytochrome P450s involved in @entity165 and @entity6741 synthesis, as well as their link with disease. The knockout of cholesterogenic @entity51330 is embrionally lethal, with symptoms of @entity17971 occurring in @entity19 , whereas the evidence for this association is conflicting in @entity1 . Disruption of @entity38296 from classic @entity6741 synthesis in @entity19 leads to either @entity204 or a milder phenotype with elevated serum @entity165 . The latter is similar to the case in @entity1 , where @entity30050 mutations associate with high plasma low-density lipoprotein and hepatic @entity165 content, as well as deficient @entity6741 excretion. Disruption of @entity6329 from an alternative @entity6741 pathway results in the absence of @entity6742 and a reduced absorption of dietary lipids; however, the @entity1 @entity6329 polymorphism fails to explain differences in @entity6741 composition. Unexpectedly, apparently normal @entity52501 (-/-) @entity19 still synthesize @entity3645 that originate from the compensatory pathway. In @entity1 , @entity17283 mutations cause @entity4740 , suggesting that only @entity19 can compensate for the loss of alternative @entity6741 synthesis. In line with this, @entity61121 knockouts are also apparently normal, whereas @entity1 @entity61121 mutations lead to a congenital @entity6741 synthesis defect in @entity1 or @entity451 in adults. @entity19 knockouts of the brain-specific @entity19580 have reduced brain @entity165 excretion, whereas, in @entity1 , @entity33349 polymorphisms associate with @entity73 . At present, cytochrome P450 family 39 is poorly characterized. Despite important physiological differences between @entity1 and @entity19 , @entity19 models prove to be an invaluable tool for understanding the multifactorial facets of @entity165 and @entity6741 -related disorders.

title: Cytochrome P450s in the synthesis of @entity165 and XXXX --from @entity19 models to @entity1 diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'children']

entities_list: @entity17971 :: ('MESH:D054882', 'Disease') :: ['Antley-Bixler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity6742 :: ('MESH:D019826', 'Chemical') :: ['cholic acid']

entities_list: @entity4740 :: ('MESH:D019294', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['increased postnatal death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile acids']


abstract: The present review describes the transgenic @entity19 models that have been designed to evaluate the functions of the cytochrome P450s involved in @entity165 and @entity6741 synthesis, as well as their link with disease. The knockout of cholesterogenic @entity51330 is embrionally lethal, with symptoms of @entity17971 occurring in @entity19 , whereas the evidence for this association is conflicting in @entity1 . Disruption of @entity38296 from classic @entity6741 synthesis in @entity19 leads to either @entity204 or a milder phenotype with elevated serum @entity165 . The latter is similar to the case in @entity1 , where @entity30050 mutations associate with high plasma low-density lipoprotein and hepatic @entity165 content, as well as deficient @entity6741 excretion. Disruption of @entity6329 from an alternative @entity6741 pathway results in the absence of @entity6742 and a reduced absorption of dietary lipids; however, the @entity1 @entity6329 polymorphism fails to explain differences in @entity6741 composition. Unexpectedly, apparently normal @entity52501 (-/-) @entity19 still synthesize @entity3645 that originate from the compensatory pathway. In @entity1 , @entity17283 mutations cause @entity4740 , suggesting that only @entity19 can compensate for the loss of alternative @entity6741 synthesis. In line with this, @entity61121 knockouts are also apparently normal, whereas @entity1 @entity61121 mutations lead to a congenital @entity6741 synthesis defect in @entity1 or @entity451 in adults. @entity19 knockouts of the brain-specific @entity19580 have reduced brain @entity165 excretion, whereas, in @entity1 , @entity33349 polymorphisms associate with @entity73 . At present, cytochrome P450 family 39 is poorly characterized. Despite important physiological differences between @entity1 and @entity19 , @entity19 models prove to be an invaluable tool for understanding the multifactorial facets of @entity165 and @entity6741 -related disorders.

title: Cytochrome P450s in the synthesis of @entity165 and @entity3645 --from XXXX models to @entity1 diseases.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The present review describes the transgenic @entity19 models that have been designed to evaluate the functions of the cytochrome P450s involved in @entity165 and @entity6741 synthesis, as well as their link with disease. The knockout of cholesterogenic @entity51330 is embrionally lethal, with symptoms of @entity17971 occurring in @entity19 , whereas the evidence for this association is conflicting in @entity1 . Disruption of @entity38296 from classic @entity6741 synthesis in @entity19 leads to either @entity204 or a milder phenotype with elevated serum @entity165 . The latter is similar to the case in @entity1 , where @entity30050 mutations associate with high plasma low-density lipoprotein and hepatic @entity165 content, as well as deficient @entity6741 excretion. Disruption of @entity6329 from an alternative @entity6741 pathway results in the absence of @entity6742 and a reduced absorption of dietary lipids; however, the @entity1 @entity6329 polymorphism fails to explain differences in @entity6741 composition. Unexpectedly, apparently normal @entity52501 (-/-) @entity19 still synthesize @entity3645 that originate from the compensatory pathway. In @entity1 , @entity17283 mutations cause @entity4740 , suggesting that only @entity19 can compensate for the loss of alternative @entity6741 synthesis. In line with this, @entity61121 knockouts are also apparently normal, whereas @entity1 @entity61121 mutations lead to a congenital @entity6741 synthesis defect in @entity1 or @entity451 in adults. @entity19 knockouts of the brain-specific @entity19580 have reduced brain @entity165 excretion, whereas, in @entity1 , @entity33349 polymorphisms associate with @entity73 . At present, cytochrome P450 family 39 is poorly characterized. Despite important physiological differences between @entity1 and @entity19 , @entity19 models prove to be an invaluable tool for understanding the multifactorial facets of @entity165 and @entity6741 -related disorders.

title: Cytochrome P450s in the synthesis of XXXX and @entity3645 --from @entity19 models to @entity1 diseases.

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: The present review describes the transgenic @entity19 models that have been designed to evaluate the functions of the cytochrome P450s involved in @entity165 and @entity6741 synthesis, as well as their link with disease. The knockout of cholesterogenic @entity51330 is embrionally lethal, with symptoms of @entity17971 occurring in @entity19 , whereas the evidence for this association is conflicting in @entity1 . Disruption of @entity38296 from classic @entity6741 synthesis in @entity19 leads to either @entity204 or a milder phenotype with elevated serum @entity165 . The latter is similar to the case in @entity1 , where @entity30050 mutations associate with high plasma low-density lipoprotein and hepatic @entity165 content, as well as deficient @entity6741 excretion. Disruption of @entity6329 from an alternative @entity6741 pathway results in the absence of @entity6742 and a reduced absorption of dietary lipids; however, the @entity1 @entity6329 polymorphism fails to explain differences in @entity6741 composition. Unexpectedly, apparently normal @entity52501 (-/-) @entity19 still synthesize @entity3645 that originate from the compensatory pathway. In @entity1 , @entity17283 mutations cause @entity4740 , suggesting that only @entity19 can compensate for the loss of alternative @entity6741 synthesis. In line with this, @entity61121 knockouts are also apparently normal, whereas @entity1 @entity61121 mutations lead to a congenital @entity6741 synthesis defect in @entity1 or @entity451 in adults. @entity19 knockouts of the brain-specific @entity19580 have reduced brain @entity165 excretion, whereas, in @entity1 , @entity33349 polymorphisms associate with @entity73 . At present, cytochrome P450 family 39 is poorly characterized. Despite important physiological differences between @entity1 and @entity19 , @entity19 models prove to be an invaluable tool for understanding the multifactorial facets of @entity165 and @entity6741 -related disorders.

title: Cytochrome P450s in the synthesis of @entity165 and @entity3645 --from @entity19 models to XXXX diseases.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the influence of stereotactic ablative surgical interventions on the time required for the performance of manual tasks (i.e. performance time) in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). We studied 28 @entity1 after pallidotomy and pallido-thalamotomy who were evaluated at four time: before the operation, and 2 days, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The speed of performance of handwriting and drawing were assessed by means of a chronometer using certain parts of an international standard scale (modified by Fahn). The @entity1 were also assessed according to the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III. The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Those in group A had relief of all main @entity304 after pallidotomy including @entity400 . The @entity1 in group B had no relief of @entity400 straight after pallidotomy. For them the pallidotomy was completed with thalamotomy in the same sitting, which had resulted in cessation of @entity400 . The time of performance of the manual tasks diminished significantly in all cases in both groups (Student's t-test: p<0.0001). No complications developed following pallidotomy. @entity9917 caused transient adverse effects in two @entity1 , and one @entity1 developed permanent adverse effects such as @entity4653 and dysequilibrium. Significant improvements were observed in the speed of handwriting and drawing in both groups, but pallido-thalamotomy was accompanied with complications.

title: Ablative stereotactic surgery improves manual performance time in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9917 :: ('MESH:C538104', 'Disease') :: ['Pallido-thalamotomy']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease", "Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Pulmonary hydatid cysts remain a significant health problem in endemic regions like @entity233 . Here, we present our surgical experience in @entity1 with @entity18768 . Between January 1985 and January 2001, 1118 operations were performed in 1032 @entity1 (528 males, 504 females; mean age 32.7 years; range 1-87 years) with @entity18768 in our department. Posterolateral thoracotomy was performed in 1015 (98.3%), two-stage thoracotomy in 34 (3.3%), and median sternotomy in 17 (1.7%) @entity1 . We preferred conservative surgical procedures. As a surgical procedure, cystotomy and capitonnage was performed in 626 (56%), cystotomy alone in 368 (33%), wedge resection in 81 (7%), enucleation in 29 (3%), and decortication in 11 (1%) @entity1 . None of our @entity1 were treated with anatomic resection. During surgery, 949 @entity1 (92%) had unruptured and 83 @entity1 (8%) had ruptured hydatid cyst. The morbidity ratio was 6.7%. Major complications were @entity2737 (2.3%), prolonged air leak (1.9%), @entity891 (1.2%), @entity1143 (0.8%), @entity86 (0.6%), and @entity3509 (0.3%). Two @entity1 (0.2%) died within the first month postoperatively. Mean follow-up was 31.2 months. Recurrence was detected in only 35 @entity1 (3.3%). Treatment of pulmonary hydatid cyst is primarily surgical. Medical treatment is indicated for recurrent and multiple hydatid cysts postoperatively. Cystotomy alone, or cystotomy and capitonnage, as parenchyma-preserving surgery, is preferred. Radical surgery including pneumonectomy, lobectomy, and segmentectomy should be avoided.

title: Parenchyma-preserving surgery in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemothorax']

entities_list: @entity18768 :: ('MESH:D004445', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hydatid cysts']

answer: @entity18768 :: (MESH:D004445,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hydatid cysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To state about adequacy of surgery margins in soft tissue @entity242 (STS). METHODS: Review of the relevant literature. RESULTS: The end point for measuring the quality of margins in STS is local recurrence (LR). The rate of LR in specialised centres lies between 16 and 22%. The rates of LR should be given by the actuarial estimations. The methods determining margins are variable in the literature. By the quantitative methods, measuring the distance between the @entity5 edge and the limits of resection on the excision specimen, a twofold difference in LR is seen between adequate and inadequate margins. This difference is fourfold by the qualitative, consensual method from the @entity242 Group, appearing here more discriminatory. Obtaining adequate margins depends on the planned character of surgery, @entity5 size, @entity5 infiltration and grade. CONCLUSION: An actuarial 5-year LR rate ranging from 10 to 20% is a criterion for good quality of surgery. These results appear to be obtained best in specialised centres.

title: [Surgical margins in soft tissue XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'French Sarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: Additional therapeutic options are needed for @entity1 with @entity3459 such as @entity447 , @entity4777 , severe @entity2880 , and other rare factor deficiencies. A novel approach to improve coagulation in such @entity4461 has been identified that, parodoxically, involves heparinlike sulfated polysaccharides. Select molecules of this broad class are largely devoid of anticoagulant activity and are here denoted Non-Anticoagulant Sulfated Polysaccharides (NASPs). A mechanism involving blockade of the extrinsic pathway downregulator, @entity11524 ( @entity11524 ) by NASPs, was conceived as an approach for improving procoagulant behavior in hemophilic settings. A subset of NASPs, including pentosan polysulfate (PPS) and fucoidan inhibited both full-length and Kunitz 1 and 2 (K1K2) @entity11524 and, at concentrations from 4-500 nM, improved (i.e. accelerated) the clotting time of @entity1 @entity447 and @entity4777 plasmas or plasma with reduced factor VII levels when tested in dilute prothrombin time (dPT) assays. Fucoidan did not reduce normal plasma APTT times implying specificity for extrinsic pathway control. Improved hemostasis in vivo was observed in @entity19 with @entity447 A or B following low dose subcutaneous administration of @entity11287 or fucoidan, or a combination of NASP plus factor supplement. Increased survival of factor deficient @entity19 following a @entity548 challenge was observed. Accordingly, administration of select NASP(s), via mechanism(s) not fully understood, represents a unique means of improving coagulation in @entity3459 .

title: @entity3459 in XXXX by Non-Anticoagulant Sulfated Polysaccharides (NASP).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilias', 'hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity11524 :: ('7035', 'Gene') :: ['TFPI', 'Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['clotting disorders']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand disease']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia B']

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['bleeding disorders']


abstract: Additional therapeutic options are needed for @entity1 with @entity3459 such as @entity447 , @entity4777 , severe @entity2880 , and other rare factor deficiencies. A novel approach to improve coagulation in such @entity4461 has been identified that, parodoxically, involves heparinlike sulfated polysaccharides. Select molecules of this broad class are largely devoid of anticoagulant activity and are here denoted Non-Anticoagulant Sulfated Polysaccharides (NASPs). A mechanism involving blockade of the extrinsic pathway downregulator, @entity11524 ( @entity11524 ) by NASPs, was conceived as an approach for improving procoagulant behavior in hemophilic settings. A subset of NASPs, including pentosan polysulfate (PPS) and fucoidan inhibited both full-length and Kunitz 1 and 2 (K1K2) @entity11524 and, at concentrations from 4-500 nM, improved (i.e. accelerated) the clotting time of @entity1 @entity447 and @entity4777 plasmas or plasma with reduced factor VII levels when tested in dilute prothrombin time (dPT) assays. Fucoidan did not reduce normal plasma APTT times implying specificity for extrinsic pathway control. Improved hemostasis in vivo was observed in @entity19 with @entity447 A or B following low dose subcutaneous administration of @entity11287 or fucoidan, or a combination of NASP plus factor supplement. Increased survival of factor deficient @entity19 following a @entity548 challenge was observed. Accordingly, administration of select NASP(s), via mechanism(s) not fully understood, represents a unique means of improving coagulation in @entity3459 .

title: XXXX in @entity3459 by Non-Anticoagulant Sulfated Polysaccharides (NASP).

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['Improved coagulation']


abstract: We report unusual distinctive histopathological features in @entity5 of two @entity1 ( @entity1 1: congenital, @entity1 2: 30 months). Both @entity1 had paraventricularly located well-delineated @entity5 . Gross total resection could be performed and postoperative chemotherapy was administered. At the last follow-up, 18 ( @entity1 1) and 10 months ( @entity1 2) postoperatively, both @entity1 were in continuous complete remission. Histologically, both @entity5 were characterized by high cellular density and monomorphic appearance. @entity5 cells were small to medium-sized and the majority of cells showed a distinctive minigemistocytic shape. A small fraction of cells lacked a distinct cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were abundant, @entity5 @entity39 and @entity455 were absent. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells expressed glial ( @entity538 , @entity4483 ) and focally neuronal (NFP) proteins. Comparative genomic hybridization showed few, dissimilar @entity5 . Although sharp demarcation and monomorphic @entity5 are reminiscent of a primitive @entity5 , cytological and immunohistochemical glial differentiation refer to a @entity5 origin. To our knowledge the histopathological features of the described @entity5 do not correspond unequivocally to any @entity11 variant and could represent a distinctive new @entity11 subtype.

title: Malignant predominantly minigemistocytic XXXX in two @entity1 : a distinctive @entity11 variant?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic vascular proliferations']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['architecture of both tumours', 'chromosomal aberrations in the two tumours', 'glial tumour', 'Tumour', 'tumours', 'malignant supratentorial tumours', 'neuroectodermal tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['established glioma', 'glioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: We report unusual distinctive histopathological features in @entity5 of two @entity1 ( @entity1 1: congenital, @entity1 2: 30 months). Both @entity1 had paraventricularly located well-delineated @entity5 . Gross total resection could be performed and postoperative chemotherapy was administered. At the last follow-up, 18 ( @entity1 1) and 10 months ( @entity1 2) postoperatively, both @entity1 were in continuous complete remission. Histologically, both @entity5 were characterized by high cellular density and monomorphic appearance. @entity5 cells were small to medium-sized and the majority of cells showed a distinctive minigemistocytic shape. A small fraction of cells lacked a distinct cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were abundant, @entity5 @entity39 and @entity455 were absent. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells expressed glial ( @entity538 , @entity4483 ) and focally neuronal (NFP) proteins. Comparative genomic hybridization showed few, dissimilar @entity5 . Although sharp demarcation and monomorphic @entity5 are reminiscent of a primitive @entity5 , cytological and immunohistochemical glial differentiation refer to a @entity5 origin. To our knowledge the histopathological features of the described @entity5 do not correspond unequivocally to any @entity11 variant and could represent a distinctive new @entity11 subtype.

title: Malignant predominantly minigemistocytic @entity11 in two @entity1 : a distinctive XXXX variant?

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: We report unusual distinctive histopathological features in @entity5 of two @entity1 ( @entity1 1: congenital, @entity1 2: 30 months). Both @entity1 had paraventricularly located well-delineated @entity5 . Gross total resection could be performed and postoperative chemotherapy was administered. At the last follow-up, 18 ( @entity1 1) and 10 months ( @entity1 2) postoperatively, both @entity1 were in continuous complete remission. Histologically, both @entity5 were characterized by high cellular density and monomorphic appearance. @entity5 cells were small to medium-sized and the majority of cells showed a distinctive minigemistocytic shape. A small fraction of cells lacked a distinct cytoplasm. Mitotic figures were abundant, @entity5 @entity39 and @entity455 were absent. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells expressed glial ( @entity538 , @entity4483 ) and focally neuronal (NFP) proteins. Comparative genomic hybridization showed few, dissimilar @entity5 . Although sharp demarcation and monomorphic @entity5 are reminiscent of a primitive @entity5 , cytological and immunohistochemical glial differentiation refer to a @entity5 origin. To our knowledge the histopathological features of the described @entity5 do not correspond unequivocally to any @entity11 variant and could represent a distinctive new @entity11 subtype.

title: Malignant predominantly minigemistocytic @entity11 in two XXXX : a distinctive @entity11 variant?

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: A retrospective case review was carried out to report the outcomes in a contemporary case series of @entity2828 originating in the hand. We identified five @entity1 treated since 1995. All five had wide surgical excision, one by ray amputation. All were treated with chemotherapy. Four @entity1 also received radiation therapy, two to treat @entity3 and two as an adjunct to local excision. There were no local recurrences. Two @entity1 developed @entity3 . Both died of their disease. Neither of these two @entity1 had received local postoperative radiation therapy; one did not receive chemotherapy before definitive surgery. The other three @entity1 were @entity66 at last follow-up, 4 to 12 years after initial presentation.

title: XXXX of the hand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['alive and free of disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to test the preliminary psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Assessment @entity158 Scale (MAPS), a clinical instrument developed for assessing @entity282 in critically ill preverbal @entity1 . METHODS: The MAPS was developed using pain indicators observed in postoperative critically ill @entity1 . Content validity was established by a panel of experts. The scale was tested for validity and reliability in 43 postoperative @entity1 aged 0-31 months admitted to the pediatric intensive care units of two tertiary referral hospitals. @entity158 was measured concurrently by three independent assessors using the MAPS, the Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scale (FLACC) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to assess concurrent and convergent validity. RESULTS: Internal consistency was moderate (r = 0.68). Interrater reliability of the MAPS was good (kappa: 0.68-0.84) for all categories and moderate for breathing pattern (kappa = 0.54). Excellent interrater reliability was shown for total MAPS (intraclass correlation 0.91). Agreement measurements between MAPS and FLACC, and MAPS and VAS showed that the risk of measurement error was small. CONCLUSION: Although initial psychometric testing of the MAPS shows promising results, the tool requires further psychometric testing, including responsiveness to analgesic effect (currently in progress).

title: Development and preliminary psychometric testing of the Multidimensional Assessment of XXXX Scale: MAPS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical manifestations of @entity7276 can be controlled by splenectomy. The use of this procedure has been restricted due to concerns regarding exposure of @entity1 to a lifelong risk of overwhelming infections. Subtotal splenectomy, which removes 85-90% of the enlarged spleen, is a logical alternative. In the first cases performed by laparoscopy we have chosen to preserve the upper pole. However, this technique showed some disadvantages, especially concerning the correct intraoperative evaluation of the splenic remnant volume. Therefore, we developed a new variant of the procedure by preserving the lower pole of the spleen. METHODS: Based on the authors' experience in laparoscopy (176 laparoscopic splenectomies), 10 laparoscopic subtotal splenectomies were performed in @entity1 with hereditary microspherocytosis, preserving either the upper or the lower splenic pole. RESULTS: @entity1 age ranged between 5 and 35 years. The mean volume of the remnant spleen was 41.4 cm3. There were no complications, and no transfusions were needed. Follow-up for 1-30 months was available. CONCLUSIONS: Subtotal splenectomy appears to control @entity2142 while maintaining splenic function. The laparoscopic approach is safe and effective and should be considered the procedure of choice in hereditary microspherocytosis. Laparoscopic subtotal splenectomy presents an advantage over open subtotal splenectomy, resulting in decreased @entity190 , shorter hospital stay, no conversions, fewer @entity260 , and excellent remission rates. On the basis of our experience, the preservation of the lower pole of the spleen seems to be a first-line option for the optimal evaluation of the residual splenic mass.

title: Laparoscopic subtotal splenectomy in XXXX : to preserve the upper or the lower pole of the spleen?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity7276 :: ('MESH:D013103', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary spherocytosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['operative and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity7276 :: (MESH:D013103,Disease) :: ['hereditary spherocytosis']


abstract: The tongue plays a key role in oropharyngeal swallowing. It has been reported that maximum isometric tongue pressure decreases with age. The risk for @entity1282 resulting from low tongue strength remains unclear. This study was designed to reveal the relationship between tongue pressure and clinical signs of @entity717 and cough and to demonstrate the clinical value of tongue pressure measurement in the evaluation of swallowing function. One hundred forty-five institutionalized elderly in five nursing homes participated. Evaluation of physical activity with self-standing up capability and mental condition with Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) were recorded. Maximum tongue pressure was determined using a newly developed tongue pressure measurement device. @entity5773 movement and signs of dysphagic cough at mealtime were inspected and evaluated by one clinically experienced dentist and speech therapist. The relationship between level of tongue pressure and incidence of cough was evaluated using logistic regression analysis with physical and mental conditions as covariates. Tongue pressure as measured by the newly developed device was significantly related to the @entity717 and incidence of cough (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that tongue pressure measurement reflects clinical signs of @entity717 and cough and that measurement of tongue pressure is useful for the bedside evaluation of swallowing.

title: XXXX pressure reflects symptom of @entity1282 .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary tongue movement', 'dysphagic tongue movement']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['Voluntary tongue']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5773 :: (MESH:D014060,Disease) :: ['Decreased tongue']


abstract: The tongue plays a key role in oropharyngeal swallowing. It has been reported that maximum isometric tongue pressure decreases with age. The risk for @entity1282 resulting from low tongue strength remains unclear. This study was designed to reveal the relationship between tongue pressure and clinical signs of @entity717 and cough and to demonstrate the clinical value of tongue pressure measurement in the evaluation of swallowing function. One hundred forty-five institutionalized elderly in five nursing homes participated. Evaluation of physical activity with self-standing up capability and mental condition with Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) were recorded. Maximum tongue pressure was determined using a newly developed tongue pressure measurement device. @entity5773 movement and signs of dysphagic cough at mealtime were inspected and evaluated by one clinically experienced dentist and speech therapist. The relationship between level of tongue pressure and incidence of cough was evaluated using logistic regression analysis with physical and mental conditions as covariates. Tongue pressure as measured by the newly developed device was significantly related to the @entity717 and incidence of cough (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that tongue pressure measurement reflects clinical signs of @entity717 and cough and that measurement of tongue pressure is useful for the bedside evaluation of swallowing.

title: @entity5773 pressure reflects symptom of XXXX .

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the treatment of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), there is controversy between radical and nephron-sparing surgical treatment because of the risk of @entity5 multifocality. The biologic behavior of multifocal @entity1358 compared with that of unifocal @entity1358 is not well investigated, and the relevance of @entity876 and the proliferation markers @entity1758 and @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) to multifocal @entity1358 is not yet established. METHODS: In this study, @entity876 protein overexpression was investigated immunohistochemically in 27 multifocal and 65 unifocal clear cell RCCs using a monoclonal antibody (DO-1). The nuclear expression of @entity876 was compared with the expression of @entity1364 and @entity1758 (Ki-67 antigen) and other prognostic factors, including grade and stage. RESULTS: Thirty-three RCCs (35.9%) had @entity876 positive nuclear staining. @entity1758 positivity was significantly higher in @entity876 positive @entity5 than in @entity876 negative @entity5 . @entity1364 positivity was not different in @entity876 positive @entity5 compared with @entity876 negative @entity5 . Proliferation marker expression was not associated with @entity5 focality. @entity876 overexpression was more often found in @entity5 than in multifocal @entity5 . Intracellular accumulation of the @entity876 protein was related to @entity5 grade but not to the T classification of @entity5 stage. In addition, lymph node involvement was significantly associated with @entity876 overexpression in @entity5 of the kidney. Focality did not influence progression free survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that there is no difference in the proliferative activity or biologic behavior of multifocal and @entity5 .

title: Biologic behavior of and @entity876 overexpression in multifocal XXXX of clear cell type: an immunohistochemical study correlating grading, staging, and proliferation markers.

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'unifocal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['small renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the treatment of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), there is controversy between radical and nephron-sparing surgical treatment because of the risk of @entity5 multifocality. The biologic behavior of multifocal @entity1358 compared with that of unifocal @entity1358 is not well investigated, and the relevance of @entity876 and the proliferation markers @entity1758 and @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) to multifocal @entity1358 is not yet established. METHODS: In this study, @entity876 protein overexpression was investigated immunohistochemically in 27 multifocal and 65 unifocal clear cell RCCs using a monoclonal antibody (DO-1). The nuclear expression of @entity876 was compared with the expression of @entity1364 and @entity1758 (Ki-67 antigen) and other prognostic factors, including grade and stage. RESULTS: Thirty-three RCCs (35.9%) had @entity876 positive nuclear staining. @entity1758 positivity was significantly higher in @entity876 positive @entity5 than in @entity876 negative @entity5 . @entity1364 positivity was not different in @entity876 positive @entity5 compared with @entity876 negative @entity5 . Proliferation marker expression was not associated with @entity5 focality. @entity876 overexpression was more often found in @entity5 than in multifocal @entity5 . Intracellular accumulation of the @entity876 protein was related to @entity5 grade but not to the T classification of @entity5 stage. In addition, lymph node involvement was significantly associated with @entity876 overexpression in @entity5 of the kidney. Focality did not influence progression free survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that there is no difference in the proliferative activity or biologic behavior of multifocal and @entity5 .

title: Biologic behavior of and XXXX overexpression in multifocal @entity1358 of clear cell type: an immunohistochemical study correlating grading, staging, and proliferation markers.

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) and/or the osteogenic agents on proliferation and expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of the SD @entity35 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS: The @entity35 MSCs were cultured in vitro and were randomly divided into the experimental groups (Groups A-I) and the control group. In the experimental group, MSCs were induced by rhBMP-2 in different doses (10, 50, 100 and 200 microg/L) in Groups B-E, the osteogenic agent alone (Group A) and by the combined use of rhBMP-2 [in different doses (10,50, 100 and 200 microg/L)] and the osteogenic agent in Groups F-I. The @entity98 colorimetric assay was used to evaluate the proliferation, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and @entity9356 ( @entity9356 ) were observed at 3, 6, 9, 12 days, respectively. RESULTS: The inverted phase contrast microscopy showed that MSCs by primary culture for 12 hours were adhibited, with a fusiform shape at 48 hours. At 4 days they were polygonal or atractoid, and were spread gyrately or radiately at 6 days. At 10 days, they were spread at the bottom of the bottle. The statistical analysis showed that the expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of MSCs could be induced in the experimental groups. The proliferation of MSCs could be enhanced in a dose-dependent manner in Groups B-E. The expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation, which was tested by the activities of ALP and @entity9356 , was significantly higher in Groups F-I than in Groups A-E. CONCLUSION: The combined use of rhBMP-2 and the osteogenic agents can enhance the MSC proliferation and induce an expression and maintenance of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of the @entity35 MSCs.

title: [Effects of recombinant XXXX @entity1841 and osteogenic agents on proliferation and differentiation of @entity35 mesenchymal stem cells].

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein 2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) and/or the osteogenic agents on proliferation and expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of the SD @entity35 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS: The @entity35 MSCs were cultured in vitro and were randomly divided into the experimental groups (Groups A-I) and the control group. In the experimental group, MSCs were induced by rhBMP-2 in different doses (10, 50, 100 and 200 microg/L) in Groups B-E, the osteogenic agent alone (Group A) and by the combined use of rhBMP-2 [in different doses (10,50, 100 and 200 microg/L)] and the osteogenic agent in Groups F-I. The @entity98 colorimetric assay was used to evaluate the proliferation, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and @entity9356 ( @entity9356 ) were observed at 3, 6, 9, 12 days, respectively. RESULTS: The inverted phase contrast microscopy showed that MSCs by primary culture for 12 hours were adhibited, with a fusiform shape at 48 hours. At 4 days they were polygonal or atractoid, and were spread gyrately or radiately at 6 days. At 10 days, they were spread at the bottom of the bottle. The statistical analysis showed that the expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of MSCs could be induced in the experimental groups. The proliferation of MSCs could be enhanced in a dose-dependent manner in Groups B-E. The expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation, which was tested by the activities of ALP and @entity9356 , was significantly higher in Groups F-I than in Groups A-E. CONCLUSION: The combined use of rhBMP-2 and the osteogenic agents can enhance the MSC proliferation and induce an expression and maintenance of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of the @entity35 MSCs.

title: [Effects of recombinant @entity1 XXXX and osteogenic agents on proliferation and differentiation of @entity35 mesenchymal stem cells].

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['bone morphogenetic protein 2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) and/or the osteogenic agents on proliferation and expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of the SD @entity35 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS: The @entity35 MSCs were cultured in vitro and were randomly divided into the experimental groups (Groups A-I) and the control group. In the experimental group, MSCs were induced by rhBMP-2 in different doses (10, 50, 100 and 200 microg/L) in Groups B-E, the osteogenic agent alone (Group A) and by the combined use of rhBMP-2 [in different doses (10,50, 100 and 200 microg/L)] and the osteogenic agent in Groups F-I. The @entity98 colorimetric assay was used to evaluate the proliferation, and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and @entity9356 ( @entity9356 ) were observed at 3, 6, 9, 12 days, respectively. RESULTS: The inverted phase contrast microscopy showed that MSCs by primary culture for 12 hours were adhibited, with a fusiform shape at 48 hours. At 4 days they were polygonal or atractoid, and were spread gyrately or radiately at 6 days. At 10 days, they were spread at the bottom of the bottle. The statistical analysis showed that the expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of MSCs could be induced in the experimental groups. The proliferation of MSCs could be enhanced in a dose-dependent manner in Groups B-E. The expression of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation, which was tested by the activities of ALP and @entity9356 , was significantly higher in Groups F-I than in Groups A-E. CONCLUSION: The combined use of rhBMP-2 and the osteogenic agents can enhance the MSC proliferation and induce an expression and maintenance of the osteoblast phenotype differentiation of the @entity35 MSCs.

title: [Effects of recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 and osteogenic agents on proliferation and differentiation of XXXX mesenchymal stem cells].

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A study was conducted in order to detect the presence of @entity2491 spp in fattening @entity1707 , to identify the serogroups present and to determine the sensibility to the antibiotics more used in the region. The farm was a breeding farm of a multiple-site system. Of the total farrowings of a week, 55 sows and one piglet from each sow were selected. All @entity1707 were negative to @entity2491 spp. at the star of the study. Piglets were monitored from day two of age (six times; every 23 days approximately) up to finishing (23 weeks of age). Samples of feces (1 g/animal) were collected directly from the @entity1707 's rectum. The first positive @entity1707 was found at the second sampling (25 days) and the highest number of positive cases in the fifth sampling (117 days). The cumulative incidence was 52.7%. Thirty-four out of the 40 Salmonellas isolated corresponded to the @entity45562 and 6 to the C2 serogroup. The serotypes found in the @entity45562 were: @entity2491 (28/34) and S. agona (6/34). Regarding serogroup C2 these were: S. romanby and S ajiobo. @entity2491 spp @entity45562 included three of the serotypes more commonly isolated in @entity1 : @entity2491 , S. agona and S. heidelberg.

title: Incidence of salmonellosis and identification of serogroups and serotypes in a XXXX commercial farm in Yucatan.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella', 'S. typhimurium']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']