abstract: IMPORTANCE: Increasing evidence suggests that @entity72 ( @entity72 ) and many forms of developmental delay ( @entity245 ) originate during fetal development. @entity1468 may trigger aberrant neurodevelopment through placental, maternal, and fetal physiologic mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1468 is associated with @entity72 and/or @entity245 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment (CHARGE) study is a population-based, case-control investigation of @entity72 and/or @entity245 origins. @entity1 from 20 California counties aged 24 to 60 months at the time of recruitment and living in catchment areas with a biological parent fluent in English or Spanish were enrolled from January 29, 2003, through April 7, 2011. @entity1 with @entity72 (n   =   517) and @entity245 (n   =   194) were recruited through the California Department of Developmental Services, the Medical Investigation of @entity245 (MIND) Institute, and referrals. Controls with @entity245 ( @entity245 ) (n   =   350) were randomly selected from birth records and frequency matched on age, sex, and broad geographic region. Physicians diagnosing @entity1468 were masked to neurodevelopmental outcome, and those assessing neurodevelopmental function were masked to @entity1468 status. EXPOSURES: @entity1468 and placental insufficiency were self-reported and abstracted from medical records. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised were used to confirm @entity72 , whereas @entity1 with @entity245 and @entity245 were confirmed by Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales and were free of @entity2438 . Hypotheses were formulated before data collection. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity72 were twice as likely to have been exposed in utero to @entity1468 as controls with @entity245 after adjustment for maternal educational level, parity, and prepregnancy @entity28 (adjusted odds ratio, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.18-4.68); risk increased with greater @entity1468 severity (test for trend, P   =   .02). Placental insufficiency appeared responsible for the increase in @entity245 risk associated with severe @entity1468 (adjusted odds ratio, 5.49; 95% CI, 2.06-14.64). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: @entity1468 , particularly severe disease, is associated with @entity72 and @entity245 . Faulty placentation manifests in the mother as @entity1468 with @entity1504 , enhanced systemic @entity32 , and insulin resistance; in the placenta as @entity26 and nutrient transfer restriction and oxidative stress; and in the fetus as growth restriction and progressive @entity519 . All are potential mechanisms for neurodevelopmental compromise.

title: XXXX , placental insufficiency, and autism spectrum disorder or developmental delay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'Neurodevelopmental Disorders', 'typical development', 'DD']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autistic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'Preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['Preeclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) due to an indwelling urinary catheter causes postoperative distress. @entity6948 is used as an anaesthetic adjuvant during general anaesthesia and has an antimuscarinic effect, which may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of @entity1494 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of intraoperative @entity6948 administration on the incidence of @entity1494 . DESIGN: A prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised study. SETTING: A tertiary care teaching hospital. @entity1 : One-hundred and nine @entity1 undergoing transurethral @entity150 excision (TURB). INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly allocated to two groups: control group (n=55) received placebo and @entity6948 group (n=54) received intraoperative @entity6948 (1 gkg loading dose followed by 0.5 gkghcontinuous infusion). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence and severity (mild, moderate, severe) of @entity1494 assessed at 0, 1, 6 and 24h postoperatively. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1494 was significantly higher in the control group at 0 (78 vs. 50%; P=0.004), 1 (86 vs. 57%; P=0.002) and 6h (82 vs. 63%; P=0.047) postoperatively. The incidence of moderate to severe @entity1494 was higher in the control group at 0 (38 vs. 11%; P=0.002) and 1h (29 vs. 7%; P=0.006) postoperatively. The number of @entity1 having @entity1494 treated with @entity1340 was higher in the control group (24 vs. 12; P=0.006). The mean end-tidal desflurane concentration during the surgery was higher in the control group (4.5 vs. 3.9%; P=0.04). The @entity282 score (numerical rating scale: 0 to 10) was higher in the control group at 0 (4.6 vs. 2.7; P=0.002), and 1h (3.8 vs. 2.7; P=0.041). The number of @entity1 treated with opioids was higher in the control group (21 vs. 8; P=0.011). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative @entity6948 administration decreased the incidence and severity of early postoperative @entity1494 as well as intraoperative @entity10233 and postoperative opioid requirements in @entity1 undergoing TURB. TRIAL REGISTRATION IDENTIFIER: NCT01991223 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).

title: The effect of intraoperative XXXX on postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in @entity1 undergoing transurethral @entity150 resection: A prospective, double-blind, randomised study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['CRBD', 'Catheter-related bladder discomfort']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumour']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) due to an indwelling urinary catheter causes postoperative distress. @entity6948 is used as an anaesthetic adjuvant during general anaesthesia and has an antimuscarinic effect, which may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of @entity1494 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of intraoperative @entity6948 administration on the incidence of @entity1494 . DESIGN: A prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised study. SETTING: A tertiary care teaching hospital. @entity1 : One-hundred and nine @entity1 undergoing transurethral @entity150 excision (TURB). INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly allocated to two groups: control group (n=55) received placebo and @entity6948 group (n=54) received intraoperative @entity6948 (1 gkg loading dose followed by 0.5 gkghcontinuous infusion). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence and severity (mild, moderate, severe) of @entity1494 assessed at 0, 1, 6 and 24h postoperatively. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1494 was significantly higher in the control group at 0 (78 vs. 50%; P=0.004), 1 (86 vs. 57%; P=0.002) and 6h (82 vs. 63%; P=0.047) postoperatively. The incidence of moderate to severe @entity1494 was higher in the control group at 0 (38 vs. 11%; P=0.002) and 1h (29 vs. 7%; P=0.006) postoperatively. The number of @entity1 having @entity1494 treated with @entity1340 was higher in the control group (24 vs. 12; P=0.006). The mean end-tidal desflurane concentration during the surgery was higher in the control group (4.5 vs. 3.9%; P=0.04). The @entity282 score (numerical rating scale: 0 to 10) was higher in the control group at 0 (4.6 vs. 2.7; P=0.002), and 1h (3.8 vs. 2.7; P=0.041). The number of @entity1 treated with opioids was higher in the control group (21 vs. 8; P=0.011). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative @entity6948 administration decreased the incidence and severity of early postoperative @entity1494 as well as intraoperative @entity10233 and postoperative opioid requirements in @entity1 undergoing TURB. TRIAL REGISTRATION IDENTIFIER: NCT01991223 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).

title: The effect of intraoperative @entity6948 on postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in @entity1 undergoing transurethral XXXX resection: A prospective, double-blind, randomised study.

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) due to an indwelling urinary catheter causes postoperative distress. @entity6948 is used as an anaesthetic adjuvant during general anaesthesia and has an antimuscarinic effect, which may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of @entity1494 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of intraoperative @entity6948 administration on the incidence of @entity1494 . DESIGN: A prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised study. SETTING: A tertiary care teaching hospital. @entity1 : One-hundred and nine @entity1 undergoing transurethral @entity150 excision (TURB). INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly allocated to two groups: control group (n=55) received placebo and @entity6948 group (n=54) received intraoperative @entity6948 (1 gkg loading dose followed by 0.5 gkghcontinuous infusion). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence and severity (mild, moderate, severe) of @entity1494 assessed at 0, 1, 6 and 24h postoperatively. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1494 was significantly higher in the control group at 0 (78 vs. 50%; P=0.004), 1 (86 vs. 57%; P=0.002) and 6h (82 vs. 63%; P=0.047) postoperatively. The incidence of moderate to severe @entity1494 was higher in the control group at 0 (38 vs. 11%; P=0.002) and 1h (29 vs. 7%; P=0.006) postoperatively. The number of @entity1 having @entity1494 treated with @entity1340 was higher in the control group (24 vs. 12; P=0.006). The mean end-tidal desflurane concentration during the surgery was higher in the control group (4.5 vs. 3.9%; P=0.04). The @entity282 score (numerical rating scale: 0 to 10) was higher in the control group at 0 (4.6 vs. 2.7; P=0.002), and 1h (3.8 vs. 2.7; P=0.041). The number of @entity1 treated with opioids was higher in the control group (21 vs. 8; P=0.011). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative @entity6948 administration decreased the incidence and severity of early postoperative @entity1494 as well as intraoperative @entity10233 and postoperative opioid requirements in @entity1 undergoing TURB. TRIAL REGISTRATION IDENTIFIER: NCT01991223 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).

title: The effect of intraoperative @entity6948 on postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in XXXX undergoing transurethral @entity150 resection: A prospective, double-blind, randomised study.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity5204 ( @entity5204 ) intake has increased over the last 100 yr, contributing to the current obesogenic environment. @entity28 and aging are prominent risk factors for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). How @entity28 interacts with aging to alter the post- @entity583 response, however, is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that @entity28 in aging @entity19 would impair the resolution of @entity583 . @entity5204 diet ( @entity5204 aging group) feeding to 12-mo-old C57BL/6J @entity19 for 5 mo showed higher fat mass compared with standard lab chow (LC)-fed young (LC young group; 3-5 mo old) or aging alone control @entity19 (LC aging group). LC young, LC aging, and @entity5204 aging @entity19 were subjected to coronary artery ligation to induce @entity583 . Despite similar @entity583 , plasma proteomic profiling revealed higher @entity6580 in the @entity5204 aging group compared with LC young and LC aging groups, leading to increased neutrophil infiltration in the @entity5204 aging group (P<0.05). Macrophage inflammatory protein-1y and @entity14636 were also increased at day 1, and @entity10873 remained elevated at day 5, an observation consistent with delayed wound @entity446 in the @entity5204 aging group. Lipidomic analysis showed higher levels of @entity1426 and @entity11903 at day 1 post- @entity583 in the @entity5204 aging group compared with the LC aging group (all P<0.05), thereby mediating neutrophil extravasation in the @entity5204 aging group. The @entity32 -resolving enzymes @entity25084 , @entity1996 , and @entity1446 oxyegnase-1 were altered to delay wound @entity583 in the @entity5204 aging group compared with LC young and LC aging groups. @entity5204 aging magnifies the post- @entity583 inflammatory response and impairs the @entity446 response by stimulating prolonged neutrophil trafficking and proinflammatory lipid mediators.

title: XXXX superimposed on aging magnifies @entity32 and delays the resolving response after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyunsaturated fatty acid', 'PUFA']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity11903 :: ('MESH:D019377', 'Chemical') :: ['12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['healing post-MI', 'post-MI inflammation', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'infarct areas post-MI']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: @entity5204 ( @entity5204 ) intake has increased over the last 100 yr, contributing to the current obesogenic environment. @entity28 and aging are prominent risk factors for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). How @entity28 interacts with aging to alter the post- @entity583 response, however, is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that @entity28 in aging @entity19 would impair the resolution of @entity583 . @entity5204 diet ( @entity5204 aging group) feeding to 12-mo-old C57BL/6J @entity19 for 5 mo showed higher fat mass compared with standard lab chow (LC)-fed young (LC young group; 3-5 mo old) or aging alone control @entity19 (LC aging group). LC young, LC aging, and @entity5204 aging @entity19 were subjected to coronary artery ligation to induce @entity583 . Despite similar @entity583 , plasma proteomic profiling revealed higher @entity6580 in the @entity5204 aging group compared with LC young and LC aging groups, leading to increased neutrophil infiltration in the @entity5204 aging group (P<0.05). Macrophage inflammatory protein-1y and @entity14636 were also increased at day 1, and @entity10873 remained elevated at day 5, an observation consistent with delayed wound @entity446 in the @entity5204 aging group. Lipidomic analysis showed higher levels of @entity1426 and @entity11903 at day 1 post- @entity583 in the @entity5204 aging group compared with the LC aging group (all P<0.05), thereby mediating neutrophil extravasation in the @entity5204 aging group. The @entity32 -resolving enzymes @entity25084 , @entity1996 , and @entity1446 oxyegnase-1 were altered to delay wound @entity583 in the @entity5204 aging group compared with LC young and LC aging groups. @entity5204 aging magnifies the post- @entity583 inflammatory response and impairs the @entity446 response by stimulating prolonged neutrophil trafficking and proinflammatory lipid mediators.

title: @entity28 superimposed on aging magnifies XXXX and delays the resolving response after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity5204 ( @entity5204 ) intake has increased over the last 100 yr, contributing to the current obesogenic environment. @entity28 and aging are prominent risk factors for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). How @entity28 interacts with aging to alter the post- @entity583 response, however, is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that @entity28 in aging @entity19 would impair the resolution of @entity583 . @entity5204 diet ( @entity5204 aging group) feeding to 12-mo-old C57BL/6J @entity19 for 5 mo showed higher fat mass compared with standard lab chow (LC)-fed young (LC young group; 3-5 mo old) or aging alone control @entity19 (LC aging group). LC young, LC aging, and @entity5204 aging @entity19 were subjected to coronary artery ligation to induce @entity583 . Despite similar @entity583 , plasma proteomic profiling revealed higher @entity6580 in the @entity5204 aging group compared with LC young and LC aging groups, leading to increased neutrophil infiltration in the @entity5204 aging group (P<0.05). Macrophage inflammatory protein-1y and @entity14636 were also increased at day 1, and @entity10873 remained elevated at day 5, an observation consistent with delayed wound @entity446 in the @entity5204 aging group. Lipidomic analysis showed higher levels of @entity1426 and @entity11903 at day 1 post- @entity583 in the @entity5204 aging group compared with the LC aging group (all P<0.05), thereby mediating neutrophil extravasation in the @entity5204 aging group. The @entity32 -resolving enzymes @entity25084 , @entity1996 , and @entity1446 oxyegnase-1 were altered to delay wound @entity583 in the @entity5204 aging group compared with LC young and LC aging groups. @entity5204 aging magnifies the post- @entity583 inflammatory response and impairs the @entity446 response by stimulating prolonged neutrophil trafficking and proinflammatory lipid mediators.

title: @entity28 superimposed on aging magnifies @entity32 and delays the resolving response after XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The most common complications after liver transplantation nowadays affect the biliary tract.We carried out a retrospective study to identify predictors of endoscopic treatment outcome in the management of post-transplantation @entity253 . METHODS: Data from all @entity1 with post-transplantation @entity253 subjected to endoscopic treatment at the University of Udine between 2000 and 2012 were extracted. To identify predictors of endoscopic treatment outcome, a logistic regression analysis was carried out. Cox modeling was used to identify factors associated with mortality. RESULTS: We identified 142 @entity1 who developed @entity253 : 83 of these @entity1 had a successful endoscopic therapy, whereas 45 had a failure. Fourteen @entity1 , who developed @entity253 , were excluded from the analysis. @entity1 with @entity253 who had pretransplant Model for End-Stage @entity409 score more than 10 [odds ratio (OR) 3.88; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-12.95; P=0.03] and stent retention time more than 12 months (OR 6.45; 95% CI 2.14-19.42; P<0.01) were less likely to respond to endoscopic therapy. In contrast, both dilatation and stenting procedures (OR 0.10; 95% CI 0.03-0.30; P<0.01) and 10   Fr diameter stent placement (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.07-0.70; P=0.01) predicted favorable endoscopic treatment outcome. Time to the occurrence of @entity253 of more than 3 months [hazard ratio (HR) 0.24; 95% CI 0.10-0.56] and placement of five or more stents (HR 0.31; 95% CI 0.12-0.79) were found to be protective against mortality, whereas @entity715 was a significant risk factor for mortality (HR 13.88; 95% CI 4.08-47.25). CONCLUSION: We found endoscopic treatment to be less effective in @entity1 with pretransplant Model for End-Stage @entity409 score more than 10 and stent retention time more than 12, whereas dilatation and stenting procedure and 10   Fr diameter stent placement predicted a favorable outcome.

title: Predictors of endoscopic treatment outcome in the management of XXXX after orthotopic liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['nonanastomotic biliary stricture', 'biliary complications']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary complications']


abstract: @entity3323 (AA), a rodent carcinogen, is widely used in industry and present in cigarette smoke as well as in foods processed at high temperatures. The metabolic activation of AA to @entity37072 (GA) could be critical for AA carcinogenicity since GA causes DNA adduct formation in vivo. @entity37073 (N7-GAG), the most abundant DNA adduct of AA, is subjected to spontaneous and enzymatic depurination and excreted through urine. Urinary N7-GAG analysis can confirm AA genotoxicity and identify active species of AA metabolites in @entity1 , thereby serving as a risk-associated biomarker for molecular epidemiology studies. This study aimed to develop an isotope-dilution solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method to comparatively analyze urinary N7-GAG levels in nonsmokers and smokers. Urinary @entity71952 (AAMA), a metabolite of AA, was also analyzed as a biomarker for current AA exposure. Urinary N7-GAG was quantified by monitoring m/z 239  >  152 for N7-GAG and m/z 242  >  152 for (13)C3-labeled N7-GAG under positive electron spray ionization and multiple reaction mode. The median urinary N7-GAG level was 0.93  g/g @entity1011 in nonsmokers (n = 33) and 1.41  g/g @entity1011 in smokers (n = 30). Multiple linear regression analysis of data revealed that N7-GAG levels were only significantly associated with AAMA levels. These results demonstrate that urinary N7-GAG of nonsmokers and smokers is significantly associated with a very low level of dietary AA intake, assessed by analyzing urinary AAMA.

title: Potential Association of Urinary XXXX with Dietary @entity3323 Intake of Smokers and Nonsmokers.

entities_list: @entity37072 :: ('MESH:C071834', 'Chemical') :: ['glycidamide']

entities_list: @entity37073 :: ('MESH:C093852', 'Chemical') :: ['N7-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl) guanine']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['Acrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity71952 :: ('MESH:C085597', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-S-(propionamide)-cysteine']

answer: @entity37073 :: (MESH:C093852,Chemical) :: ['N7-(2-Carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl) Guanine']


abstract: @entity3323 (AA), a rodent carcinogen, is widely used in industry and present in cigarette smoke as well as in foods processed at high temperatures. The metabolic activation of AA to @entity37072 (GA) could be critical for AA carcinogenicity since GA causes DNA adduct formation in vivo. @entity37073 (N7-GAG), the most abundant DNA adduct of AA, is subjected to spontaneous and enzymatic depurination and excreted through urine. Urinary N7-GAG analysis can confirm AA genotoxicity and identify active species of AA metabolites in @entity1 , thereby serving as a risk-associated biomarker for molecular epidemiology studies. This study aimed to develop an isotope-dilution solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method to comparatively analyze urinary N7-GAG levels in nonsmokers and smokers. Urinary @entity71952 (AAMA), a metabolite of AA, was also analyzed as a biomarker for current AA exposure. Urinary N7-GAG was quantified by monitoring m/z 239  >  152 for N7-GAG and m/z 242  >  152 for (13)C3-labeled N7-GAG under positive electron spray ionization and multiple reaction mode. The median urinary N7-GAG level was 0.93  g/g @entity1011 in nonsmokers (n = 33) and 1.41  g/g @entity1011 in smokers (n = 30). Multiple linear regression analysis of data revealed that N7-GAG levels were only significantly associated with AAMA levels. These results demonstrate that urinary N7-GAG of nonsmokers and smokers is significantly associated with a very low level of dietary AA intake, assessed by analyzing urinary AAMA.

title: Potential Association of Urinary @entity37073 with Dietary XXXX Intake of Smokers and Nonsmokers.

answer: @entity3323 :: (MESH:D020106,Chemical) :: ['Acrylamide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report long-term clinical outcomes of @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) in @entity1 with @entity9042 . DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative interventional study. METHODS: setting: Single center. @entity1 : Total of 158 eyes/150 consecutive @entity1 with @entity9042 with postoperative follow-up time equal to or greater than 4 years. intervention: @entity9762 . main outcome measure(s): Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA), mean refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE), keratometry, endothelial cell density (ECD). RESULTS: Mean postoperative follow-up was 76.9    23.2 (range 48-120) months. Preoperative UDVA was 20/400 (1.5    0.4 logMAR), CDVA 20/50 (0.7    0.2 logMAR), MRSE  -11.1    5.6 diopters (D), mean keratometry 60.7    6.1 D, topographic @entity940 4.7    2.6 D. At last postoperative follow-up visit, UDVA improved to 20/50 (0.5    0.3 logMAR), CDVA to 20/25 (0.09    0.1 logMAR), MRSE to  -2.6    3.5 D, mean keratometry to 44.4    2.2 D, and topographic @entity940 to 2.9    1.3 D. Postoperative ECD did not vary from preoperative values being 2070.5    367.5 cell/mm(2) and 2198    373 cell/mm(2), respectively, with 70% of eyes (111/158) showing ECD >= 2000 cells/mm(2). Eighteen eyes (11.3 %) developed stromal or epithelial rejection, 3 (1.8%) required regrafting. Eyes with successful big bubble showed greater CDVA than those that required manual dissection at follow-up equal to or less than 5 years but comparable results in the longer term. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9762 provides stable long-term visual and refractive outcomes. Risk of graft rejection, @entity260 , and late ECD decay is reduced when compared to standard penetrating keratoplasty.

title: Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity9762 :: ('MESH:C535342', 'Disease') :: ['deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty', 'DALK']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['Keratoconus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report long-term clinical outcomes of @entity9762 ( @entity9762 ) in @entity1 with @entity9042 . DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative interventional study. METHODS: setting: Single center. @entity1 : Total of 158 eyes/150 consecutive @entity1 with @entity9042 with postoperative follow-up time equal to or greater than 4 years. intervention: @entity9762 . main outcome measure(s): Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA), mean refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE), keratometry, endothelial cell density (ECD). RESULTS: Mean postoperative follow-up was 76.9    23.2 (range 48-120) months. Preoperative UDVA was 20/400 (1.5    0.4 logMAR), CDVA 20/50 (0.7    0.2 logMAR), MRSE  -11.1    5.6 diopters (D), mean keratometry 60.7    6.1 D, topographic @entity940 4.7    2.6 D. At last postoperative follow-up visit, UDVA improved to 20/50 (0.5    0.3 logMAR), CDVA to 20/25 (0.09    0.1 logMAR), MRSE to  -2.6    3.5 D, mean keratometry to 44.4    2.2 D, and topographic @entity940 to 2.9    1.3 D. Postoperative ECD did not vary from preoperative values being 2070.5    367.5 cell/mm(2) and 2198    373 cell/mm(2), respectively, with 70% of eyes (111/158) showing ECD >= 2000 cells/mm(2). Eighteen eyes (11.3 %) developed stromal or epithelial rejection, 3 (1.8%) required regrafting. Eyes with successful big bubble showed greater CDVA than those that required manual dissection at follow-up equal to or less than 5 years but comparable results in the longer term. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9762 provides stable long-term visual and refractive outcomes. Risk of graft rejection, @entity260 , and late ECD decay is reduced when compared to standard penetrating keratoplasty.

title: Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in XXXX With @entity9042 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Individuals with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) with symptom onset on the left side of the body ( @entity6572 ) show a mild type of left-sided visuospatial neglect, whereas those with right-onset (RPD) generally do not. The functional mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown. Two hypotheses are that the representation of left-space in @entity6572 is either compressed or reduced in salience. We tested these hypotheses psychophysically. @entity1 were 31 non-demented adults with @entity191 (15 @entity6572 , 16 RPD) and 17 normal control adults (NC). The spatial compression hypothesis was tested by showing two sinusoidal gratings, side by side. One grating's spatial frequency (SF) was varied across trials, following a staircase procedure, whereas the comparison grating was held at a constant SF. While fixating on a central target, @entity1 estimated the point at which they perceived the two gratings to be equal in SF. The reduced salience hypothesis was tested in a similar way, but by manipulating the contrast of the test grating rather than its SF. There were no significant differences between groups in the degree of bias across hemifields for SF discrimination or for contrast discrimination. Results did not support either the spatial compression hypothesis or the reduced salience hypothesis. Instead, they suggest that at this perceptual level, @entity6572 do not have a systematically biased way of representing space in the left hemifield that differs from healthy individuals, nor do they perceive stimuli on the left as less salient than stimuli on the right. Neglect-like syndrome in @entity6572 instead presumably arises from dysfunction of higher-order attention.

title: Normal discrimination of spatial frequency and contrast across visual hemifields in left-onset XXXX : Evidence against perceptual hemifield biases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 @entity189 and 14 normal vocal cord epithelia were studied in vitro by the method of tissue culture incorporating video time-lapse microscopy. Different events were photographed by taking 'stills' from the television monitor during play-back. Outgrowths from both @entity5 and normal explants formed only as monolayers. Mitoses were mainly found to be localized approximately mid-way between explant and the edge of the outgrowth. Some cells were seen to become suddenly active producing oscillating blebs and sometimes they detached themselves from the monolayer culture and changed appearance. This was more prevalent in the @entity5 cultures. In both @entity5 and normal cell cultures lymphocytes were observed and their normal chemokinetic movement was changed into a rapid chemotactic attraction by the presence of a mitotic epithelial cell. These lymphocytes appear to represent T-suppressor cells. The present study has shown that primary tissue culture can be a valuable tool in the study of @entity189 . The interaction between mitotic @entity5 cells and lymphocytes may represent a transformation of T-lymphocytes into @entity10086 cells.

title: Video time-lapse microscopy of @entity1 XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinomas', 'laryngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['laryngeal carcinomas']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 @entity189 and 14 normal vocal cord epithelia were studied in vitro by the method of tissue culture incorporating video time-lapse microscopy. Different events were photographed by taking 'stills' from the television monitor during play-back. Outgrowths from both @entity5 and normal explants formed only as monolayers. Mitoses were mainly found to be localized approximately mid-way between explant and the edge of the outgrowth. Some cells were seen to become suddenly active producing oscillating blebs and sometimes they detached themselves from the monolayer culture and changed appearance. This was more prevalent in the @entity5 cultures. In both @entity5 and normal cell cultures lymphocytes were observed and their normal chemokinetic movement was changed into a rapid chemotactic attraction by the presence of a mitotic epithelial cell. These lymphocytes appear to represent T-suppressor cells. The present study has shown that primary tissue culture can be a valuable tool in the study of @entity189 . The interaction between mitotic @entity5 cells and lymphocytes may represent a transformation of T-lymphocytes into @entity10086 cells.

title: Video time-lapse microscopy of XXXX @entity189 in vitro.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: DNA measurements yield information about the nature of cells and may provide diagnostic and prognostic information. Static cytofluorometry was performed on smears removed at microlaryngoscopy from 107 @entity602 (96 @entity1 ). All stem cell lines were diploid except 3; 2 @entity189 and 1 severe @entity1141 were @entity5700 . The mean proliferative activity (percentage of nuclei greater than diploid peak) was 2.1% for the group of epithelia with @entity1373 and mild @entity1141 , 3.1% for those with @entity19354 , 4.0% for severe @entity1141 , and 6.8% for @entity189 . Hypertetraploid cell nuclei ( @entity101 cells) were not found in epithelia with @entity1373 and mild @entity1141 . Seven out of 15 @entity1 with epithelia showing @entity19354 had @entity101 cells; 5 of these @entity1 developed a @entity189 . One of 8 without @entity101 cells developed a severe @entity1141 . Nine @entity1 with severe @entity1141 had @entity101 cells; 4 had recurrences and 4 developed @entity189 within 4 years. In 14 @entity1 without @entity101 cells, 3 had recurrences and 1 developed a @entity189 6 years later. @entity101 cells were found in 15 @entity1 with T1 _ T2 @entity189 ; @entity189 was present in 2 after radiotherapy and 4 had recurrences within 11 months. Fourteen @entity1 with T1 _ T2 @entity189 did not have any @entity101 cells; one had @entity189 after radiotherapy and 3 had recurrences between 18 months and 4 years. DNA measurements and, especially, the demonstration of epithelia with @entity101 cells prove to be of prognostic importance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Hypertetraploid cells in vocal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5700 :: ('MESH:D011123', 'Disease') :: ['polyploid']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'residual carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity19354 :: ('MESH:C565640', 'Disease') :: ['moderate dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['cord epithelia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Determine the cost-effectiveness of three topically applied cellular/tissue-derived products (CTPs) used as adjunct therapies to standard care in the management of @entity3179 ( @entity3179 ). METHODS: A three-state Markov model derived from the medical literature was developed to estimate the comparative cost-effectiveness of three CTPs in relation to VLU standard care. CTPs evaluated in the study included extracellular matrix (ECM), @entity1 skin equivalent (HSE), and living skin equivalent (LSE). The three Markov states included unhealed, healed, and @entity204 . A 1-year time horizon was used to determine the number of @entity1066 and the expected costs of therapies. The payer perspective was taken in the analysis and only the direct costs of care were considered. Sensitivity analyses were performed to gauge model parameter uncertainty. RESULTS: The expected costs for standard care, ECM, HSE, and LSE VLU therapy were  6,132,  6,732,  10,638, and  11,237, while the expected outcomes were 24, 31, 29, and 27 @entity1066 , respectively. ECM was economically dominant among the three CTPs. In the base case of ECM versus standard care, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for ECM therapy was  86 per @entity1066 -free week. Sensitivity analysis did not alter ECM dominance. Clinic visits and home health utilization exhibited the greatest influence on cost. CONCLUSIONS: ECM is the most cost-effective @entity93 when used in the management of @entity3179 as an adjunct to standard care. These findings suggest that VLU standard care therapy with ECM can yield potential cost savings and produce better outcomes than do other CTPs.

title: Cost-effectiveness of three adjunct cellular/tissue-derived products used in the management of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer-free weeks']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers', 'VLUs']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Blood components transfused to hematoprogenitor stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are irradiated to prevent @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). The effect of transfusing non-irradiated blood products in HSCT outcome, including incidence of transplant complications, @entity2348 , acute and chronic GVHD presentation, and characteristics, has not been documented. Clinical records as well as blood bank and electronic databases of HSCT @entity1 grafted after reduced-intensity conditioning who received irradiated versus non-irradiated blood products, after blood irradiation became unavailable at our center, were scrutinized for transplant outcome, clinical evolution, engraftment characteristics including days to neutrophil and platelet recovery, acute and chronic GVHD, rate and @entity281 , and additional transplant-related comorbidities. All transfused blood products were leukoreduced. A total of 156 HSCT recipients was studied, 73 received irradiated and 83 non-irradiated blood components. @entity2348 were significantly more frequent in @entity1 transfused with non-irradiated blood products, P  = .04. Clinically relevant increased rates of @entity221 and @entity1398 and @entity33 were also documented in these @entity1 . No cases of @entity2132 occurred. Classical GVHD developed in 37 @entity1 (50.7%) who received irradiated blood products and 36 (43.9%) who received non-irradiated blood products, P  = .42. Acute GVHD developed in 28 @entity1 (38.4%) in the blood-irradiated and 33 @entity1 (39.8%) in the non-irradiation group, P  = .87. The 2-year GVHD-free survival rate was 40% in the irradiated versus 40.6% in the non-irradiation group, P  = .071. Increased @entity2348 were found in HSCT recipients transfused with non-irradiated blood products, which ideally must always be irradiated.

title: Increased XXXX after Transfusion of Leukoreduced Non-Irradiated Blood Products in Recipients of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplants after Reduced-Intensity Conditioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'Bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['type of infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease', 'TA-GVHD']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['Bacterial Infections']


abstract: Mixed rosette studies were performed to evaluate the coexpression of IgG Fc. IgM Fc, and complement receptors (C3R) by thymocytes obtained from @entity19 7 days after @entity821 injection and by spleen cells. Indicator cells coated with IgM, IgG, or C3 independently were mixed and could be distinguished by morphology or by a @entity941 label. In double-marker studies, 36% of spleen cells formed rosettes with IgG- and/or IgM-sensitized red blood cells. Among this population there was a 24% overlap of cells binding IgM and IgG complexes simultaneously. Of the spleen cells, 78% bound IgM- and/or C3-sensitized cells. Of the spleen cells forming rosettes with IgM and C3 indicator cells, 15% coexpressed these receptors. With IgG and C3 indicator cells, 58% of spleen cells bound to one or both kinds of complexes with an 18% overlap. Of @entity821 -resistant thymocytes, 14% formed rosettes with IgM- and/or IgG-sensitized red blood cells; within this population there was an overlap of 21%. With IgM- or C3-sensitized cells, 19% of @entity821 -resistant thymocytes bound to one or both, among which there was a coexpression of 21%. With IgG- or C3-sensitized cells, there was a 14% overlap of rosette-forming cells binding both. In triple-marker studies 79% of spleen cells formed rosettes with C3-, IgG-, and/or IgM-sensitized indicator cells, out of which 11% coexpressed IgM and IgG @entity6433 , 20% coexpressed IgG and C3R, and 10% coexpressed IgM @entity6433 and C3R. Of rosette-forming cells, 13% coexpressed all three receptors. With @entity821 -resistant thymocytes, 19% bound one or more kinds of immune complexes. Among these, 9% coexpressed IgG @entity6433 and C3R, 14% coexpressed IgM @entity6433 and C3R, and 14% bound IgG and IgM complexes. We could not detect the simultaneous expression of all three receptors on @entity821 -resistant thymocytes. Using Isopaque-Ficoll fractionation of cells binding C3-sensitized cells, @entity821 -resistant thymocytes were enriched and depleted of C3-receptor-bearing cells and their Lyt phenotypes were determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. The C3-receptor-enriched population contained 56% C3R+ cells which were 79% @entity6689 positive and 100% @entity3414 positive. The C3R-depleted population contained 1.3% C3R+ cells with 10% @entity6689 positive and 22% @entity3414 positive among the total. Surface phenotypic expression of normal and @entity821 -resistant thymocytes was also evaluated by direct and indirect fluorescence by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Simultaneous expression of multiple immune complex receptors on XXXX thymocytes and spleen cells.

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is the sixth commonest @entity5 worldwide with alarming mortality. If identified at an early stage, the survival rate would be improved. METHODS: We appraised the feasibility of using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) based metabolomics in the identification of signature metabolites in serum from @entity1 suffering with @entity8407 ( @entity8407 , n=100), @entity957 ( @entity957 , n=100), and healthy control (HC, n=75). (1)H NMR derived data were processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to reveal discriminating metabolites among these groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluation was also executed. RESULTS: NMR-derived serum metabolomics reveals eight differentially expressed biomarkers. Among them four biomarkers (glutamine, propionate, acetone, and choline) were able to accurately (ROC; 0.97) segregate 93.5% of @entity5 cases equated to HC with substantial sensitivity and specificity. Similarly, four biomarkers (glutamine, acetone, acetate, and choline) were able to precisely (ROC; 0.96) discriminate, 92.4% of @entity8407 cases from @entity957 with considerable sensitivity and specificity. (1)H NMR-based metabolic fingerprint obtained for @entity5 is remarkable, even for @entity8407 stage. CONCLUSION: There is a systemic metabolic response to initial stage of @entity5 , which carries immense possibility for early appraisal.

title: (1)H NMR-derived serum metabolomics of leukoplakia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['OC', 'cancer', 'Oral cancer', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8407 :: ('MESH:D007972', 'Disease') :: ['oral leukoplakia', 'OLK']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether use of a precontoured olecranon plate provides adequate fixation to withstand supraphysiologic force in a @entity9256 model. METHODS: Five samples of fourth generation composite bones and five samples of fresh frozen @entity1 cadaveric left ulnae were utilized for this study. The cadaveric specimens underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scanning to quantify the bone quality. The composite and cadaveric bones were prepared by creating a @entity9256 and fixed with a pre-contoured olecranon plate with locking screws. Construct @entity2693 and failure load were measured by subjecting specimens to cantilever bending moments until failure. @entity174 site motion was measured with differential variable resistance transducer spanning the @entity174 . Statistical analysis was performed with two-tailed Mann-Whitney-U test with Monte Carlo Exact test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in fixation @entity2693 and strength between the composite bones and @entity1 cadaver bones. Failure modes differed in cadaveric and composite specimens. The load to failure for the composite bones (n = 5) and @entity1 cadaver bones (n = 5) specimens were 10.67 nm (range 9.40-11.91 nm) and 13.05 nm (range 12.59-15.38 nm) respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P    0.007, 97% power). Median @entity2693 for composite bones and @entity1 cadaver bones specimens were 5.69 nm/mm (range 4.69-6.80 nm/mm) and 7.55 nm/mm (range 6.31-7.72 nm/mm). There was a significant difference for @entity2693 (P    0.033, 79% power) between composite bones and cadaveric bones. No correlation was found between the DEXA results and @entity2693 . All cadaveric specimens withstood the physiologic load anticipated postoperatively. @entity177 occurred in all composite specimens. All failures resulted from composite bone failure at the distal screw site and not hardware failure. There were no catastrophic @entity174 in the cadaveric specimens. Failure of 4/5 cadaveric specimens was defined when a @entity174 gap of 2 mm was observed, but 1/5 cadaveric specimens failed due to a failure of the triceps mechanism. All failures occurred at forces greater than that expected in postoperative period prior to healing. CONCLUSION: The pre-contoured olecranon plate provides adequate fixation to withstand physiologic force in a composite bone and cadaveric @entity9256 model.

title: XXXX fixation with pre-contoured plate: Comparison of composite and cadaver bones.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture failures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Catastrophic failure']

entities_list: @entity9256 :: ('MESH:D018460', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted olecranon fracture']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity9256 :: (MESH:D018460,Disease) :: ['Comminuted olecranon fracture']


abstract: In amphibian embryos, our previous work has demonstrated that calcium transients occurring in the dorsal ectoderm at the onset of gastrulation are necessary and sufficient to engage the ectodermal cells into a neural fate by inducing neural specific genes. Some of these genes are direct targets of calcium. Here we search for a direct transcriptional mechanism by which calcium signals are acting. The only known mechanism responsible for a direct action of calcium on gene transcription involves an EF-hand @entity9495      binding protein which belongs to a group of four proteins ( @entity71953 to 4). Kcnip protein can act in a @entity9495     -dependent manner as a @entity71954 by binding to a specific DNA sequence, the Downstream Regulatory Element (DRE) site. In @entity1238 , among the four kcnips, we show that only @entity71953 is timely and spatially present in the presumptive neural territories and is able to bind DRE sites in a @entity9495     -dependent manner. The loss of function of @entity71953 results in the expansion of the neural plate through an increased proliferation of neural progenitors. Later on, this leads to an impairment in the development of anterior neural structures. We propose that, in the embryo, at the onset of neurogenesis @entity71953 is the @entity9495     -dependent @entity71954 that controls the size of the neural plate. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.

title: @entity71953 a Ca     -dependent @entity71954 regulates the size of the neural plate in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity71954 :: ('379621(Tax:8355)', 'Gene') :: ['transcriptional repressor']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: In amphibian embryos, our previous work has demonstrated that calcium transients occurring in the dorsal ectoderm at the onset of gastrulation are necessary and sufficient to engage the ectodermal cells into a neural fate by inducing neural specific genes. Some of these genes are direct targets of calcium. Here we search for a direct transcriptional mechanism by which calcium signals are acting. The only known mechanism responsible for a direct action of calcium on gene transcription involves an EF-hand @entity9495      binding protein which belongs to a group of four proteins ( @entity71953 to 4). Kcnip protein can act in a @entity9495     -dependent manner as a @entity71954 by binding to a specific DNA sequence, the Downstream Regulatory Element (DRE) site. In @entity1238 , among the four kcnips, we show that only @entity71953 is timely and spatially present in the presumptive neural territories and is able to bind DRE sites in a @entity9495     -dependent manner. The loss of function of @entity71953 results in the expansion of the neural plate through an increased proliferation of neural progenitors. Later on, this leads to an impairment in the development of anterior neural structures. We propose that, in the embryo, at the onset of neurogenesis @entity71953 is the @entity9495     -dependent @entity71954 that controls the size of the neural plate. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.

title: @entity71953 a Ca     -dependent XXXX regulates the size of the neural plate in @entity1238 .

answer: @entity71954 :: (379621(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['transcriptional repressor']


abstract: In amphibian embryos, our previous work has demonstrated that calcium transients occurring in the dorsal ectoderm at the onset of gastrulation are necessary and sufficient to engage the ectodermal cells into a neural fate by inducing neural specific genes. Some of these genes are direct targets of calcium. Here we search for a direct transcriptional mechanism by which calcium signals are acting. The only known mechanism responsible for a direct action of calcium on gene transcription involves an EF-hand @entity9495      binding protein which belongs to a group of four proteins ( @entity71953 to 4). Kcnip protein can act in a @entity9495     -dependent manner as a @entity71954 by binding to a specific DNA sequence, the Downstream Regulatory Element (DRE) site. In @entity1238 , among the four kcnips, we show that only @entity71953 is timely and spatially present in the presumptive neural territories and is able to bind DRE sites in a @entity9495     -dependent manner. The loss of function of @entity71953 results in the expansion of the neural plate through an increased proliferation of neural progenitors. Later on, this leads to an impairment in the development of anterior neural structures. We propose that, in the embryo, at the onset of neurogenesis @entity71953 is the @entity9495     -dependent @entity71954 that controls the size of the neural plate. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 13th European Symposium on Calcium.

title: XXXX a Ca     -dependent @entity71954 regulates the size of the neural plate in @entity1238 .

answer: @entity71953 :: (444582(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['Kcnip1']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the data from a survey carried out in Italy regarding the endoscopic approach to acute @entity788 in order to obtain a picture of what takes place after the release of an educational project on acute @entity788 sponsored by the Italian Association for the Study of the Pancreas. METHODS: Of the 1 173 @entity1 enrolled in our survey, the most frequent etiological category was biliary forms (69.3%) and most @entity1 had mild @entity788 (85.8%). RESULTS: 344/1 173 (29.3%) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The mean interval between the onset of symptoms and ERCP was 6.7    5.0 d; only 89 examinations (25.9%) were performed within 72 h from the onset of symptoms. The main indications for ERCP were suspicion of common bile duct stones (90.3%), @entity1087 (44.5%), clinical worsening of acute @entity788 (14.2%) and @entity255 (6.1%). Biliary and pancreatic ducts were visualized in 305 @entity1 (88.7%) and in 93 @entity1 (27.0%) respectively. The success rate in obtaining a cholangiogram was statistically higher (P = 0.003) in @entity1 with mild acute @entity788 (90.6%) than in @entity1 with severe disease (72.2%). Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed in 295 of the 305 @entity1 (96.7%) with no difference between mild and severe disease (P = 0.985). ERCP morbidity was 6.1% and mortality was 1.7%; the mortality was due to the complications of acute @entity788 and not the endoscopic procedure. CONCLUSION: The results of this survey, as with those carried out in other countries, indicate a lack of compliance with the guidelines for the indications for interventional endoscopy.

title: ERCP in acute XXXX : What takes place in routine clinical practice?

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: We report here on a case of duodenal @entity3 from primary @entity2220 . A 69-year old @entity1 was diagnosed with primary @entity2220 . Four courses of combined chemotherapy with @entity3003 and @entity1311 associated with irradiation of 60 Gy shrunk the @entity2 . However, soon after,the para-aortic lymph node became swollen. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed three duodenal @entity5 . Differential diagnosis between @entity706 and metastatic @entity5 was endoscopically difficult. The histology of biopsied specimens was poorly differentiated @entity420 . Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a positive reaction for @entity7457 ( @entity7457 ). Thus, we concluded that these were metastatic duodenal @entity5 from @entity2220 . Two courses of @entity136 led to a complete remission in this duodenal @entity3 and para-aortic lymph node swelling with only scarring remaining in computed tomography. He is now on the continuous generalized chemotherapy. In conclusion, duodenal @entity3 from primary @entity2220 is rare and hard to diagnose. In such an instance, @entity7457 immunostaining is crucial to obtain the correct diagnosis.

title: XXXX is useful for primary site determination in duodenal @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['TTF-1', 'thyroid transcription factor-1']

answer: @entity7457 :: (7080,Gene) :: ['TTF-1']


abstract: We report here on a case of duodenal @entity3 from primary @entity2220 . A 69-year old @entity1 was diagnosed with primary @entity2220 . Four courses of combined chemotherapy with @entity3003 and @entity1311 associated with irradiation of 60 Gy shrunk the @entity2 . However, soon after,the para-aortic lymph node became swollen. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed three duodenal @entity5 . Differential diagnosis between @entity706 and metastatic @entity5 was endoscopically difficult. The histology of biopsied specimens was poorly differentiated @entity420 . Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a positive reaction for @entity7457 ( @entity7457 ). Thus, we concluded that these were metastatic duodenal @entity5 from @entity2220 . Two courses of @entity136 led to a complete remission in this duodenal @entity3 and para-aortic lymph node swelling with only scarring remaining in computed tomography. He is now on the continuous generalized chemotherapy. In conclusion, duodenal @entity3 from primary @entity2220 is rare and hard to diagnose. In such an instance, @entity7457 immunostaining is crucial to obtain the correct diagnosis.

title: @entity7457 is useful for primary site determination in duodenal XXXX .

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is a common evolution of @entity1820 , and has been traditionally regarded as a @entity66 with short median survival. During the last 20 years, thanks to its favourable oncologic results, a new loco-regional therapeutic approach, combining cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), has an important development. Due to its significant, but acceptable, morbidity and mortality, and high cost, this comprehensive management plan requires knowledgeable @entity1 selection. Quantitative prognostic indicators are required to assess a @entity1 's eligibility. Large multicenter studies have identified several prognostic factors, which can be used for a better selection of @entity1 who would benefit from the combination of cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC. Indications for treatment of @entity298 with cytoreduction and HIPEC are now validated for several diseases: peritoneal mesothelioma, @entity1725 , @entity298 from the appendix, and @entity14 . Indications are still under discussion for @entity43 . Computed tomography is the best radiological for staging the disease. The extent of @entity298 is, however, difficult to evaluate preoperatively, and precise evaluation is most often performed during surgical exploration. Cytoreductive surgery associated with HIPEC for the treatment of @entity298 should be performed for young @entity1 with limited and resectable @entity189 , in specialized institutions involved in the management of peritoneal surface @entity5 .

title: Selection of @entity1 and staging of peritoneal surface XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and ovarian carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['terminal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the gastrointestinal tract']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'PC', 'Peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is a common evolution of @entity1820 , and has been traditionally regarded as a @entity66 with short median survival. During the last 20 years, thanks to its favourable oncologic results, a new loco-regional therapeutic approach, combining cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), has an important development. Due to its significant, but acceptable, morbidity and mortality, and high cost, this comprehensive management plan requires knowledgeable @entity1 selection. Quantitative prognostic indicators are required to assess a @entity1 's eligibility. Large multicenter studies have identified several prognostic factors, which can be used for a better selection of @entity1 who would benefit from the combination of cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC. Indications for treatment of @entity298 with cytoreduction and HIPEC are now validated for several diseases: peritoneal mesothelioma, @entity1725 , @entity298 from the appendix, and @entity14 . Indications are still under discussion for @entity43 . Computed tomography is the best radiological for staging the disease. The extent of @entity298 is, however, difficult to evaluate preoperatively, and precise evaluation is most often performed during surgical exploration. Cytoreductive surgery associated with HIPEC for the treatment of @entity298 should be performed for young @entity1 with limited and resectable @entity189 , in specialized institutions involved in the management of peritoneal surface @entity5 .

title: Selection of XXXX and staging of peritoneal surface @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To determine the utility of computed tomography (CT) scanning in localizing @entity694 . METHODS: At a single tertiary care teaching hospital, a retrospective chart review was conducted on @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity694 between January 2004 and May 2006. One hundred and four charts containing all of the following data were reviewed: preoperative colonoscopy report, preoperative CT report, surgical operative report, @entity5 pathology report. The colon was divided into five segments from the cecum to the sigmoid and the location of the lesions was categorized into one of these areas. The @entity5 location was considered "erroneous" if its location determined during surgery differed from the location determined by colonoscopy or CT. RESULTS: Over all, @entity5 location was accurately determined via colonoscopy in 83/104 cases (79.8%) and erroneously in 21/104 (20.2%) of cases. CT scan accurately localized @entity694 in 52/104 (50.0%) of cases, incorrectly localized @entity5 in 18/104 (17.3%) of cases, and did not detect known @entity5 in 34/104 (32.7%) of cases. Of the 21 @entity5 erroneously located by colonoscopy, 11 (52.4%) were accurately localized by CT scan. The average @entity5 size for all @entity1 in this study was 5.72 (+/- 3.11) cm. The average size of @entity5 properly located by colonoscopy and CT was 5.39 (+/- 3.34) cm and 6.79 (+/- 3.48) cm, respectively. The average size of the @entity5 not detected by CT was 3.98 (+/- 1.75) cm. CONCLUSION: CT scanning may be used in concert with colonoscopy to help localize @entity694 .

title: Accuracy of XXXX localization: Computed tomography scanning as a complement to colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'colon malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Existing data suggests that varicocele plays a central role in progressive @entity249 . AIMS: This study was designed to assess the occupational and lifestyle factors of development of varicocele among male infertile, for a better prevention and management of the varicocele. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All males with @entity249 , who presented at Fatemezahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center between April 2010 and February 2011, were examined. Their occupations, smoking, and drinking @entity167 , presence or absence of varicocele were evaluated. The lifestyle factors associated with varicocele were analyzed. RESULTS: The data of 816 @entity1 , aged 21-71 years, were included in the study. Two hundred and sixty-one @entity1 (32%) with varicocele and 555 (68%) without varicocele were found. Percentage of varicocele was significantly higher in smokers compared with non-smokers (P = 0.035). The adjusted OR for varicocele in smokerswas significantly higher than that in non-smoker (OR = 2.420; 95% CI = 1.04, 5.61). No significant differences were seen between varicocele and occupation or @entity167 drinking for the prevalence of varicocele. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study indicated that a high frequency of varicocele was indentified among male infertile. Therefore, it is necessary for those male cigarette-smokers to evaluate their possibilities of @entity249 and varicocele.

title: Prevalence of Varicocele among Primary and Secondary Infertile @entity1 : Association with Occupation, Smoking and Drinking XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Existing data suggests that varicocele plays a central role in progressive @entity249 . AIMS: This study was designed to assess the occupational and lifestyle factors of development of varicocele among male infertile, for a better prevention and management of the varicocele. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All males with @entity249 , who presented at Fatemezahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center between April 2010 and February 2011, were examined. Their occupations, smoking, and drinking @entity167 , presence or absence of varicocele were evaluated. The lifestyle factors associated with varicocele were analyzed. RESULTS: The data of 816 @entity1 , aged 21-71 years, were included in the study. Two hundred and sixty-one @entity1 (32%) with varicocele and 555 (68%) without varicocele were found. Percentage of varicocele was significantly higher in smokers compared with non-smokers (P = 0.035). The adjusted OR for varicocele in smokerswas significantly higher than that in non-smoker (OR = 2.420; 95% CI = 1.04, 5.61). No significant differences were seen between varicocele and occupation or @entity167 drinking for the prevalence of varicocele. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study indicated that a high frequency of varicocele was indentified among male infertile. Therefore, it is necessary for those male cigarette-smokers to evaluate their possibilities of @entity249 and varicocele.

title: Prevalence of Varicocele among Primary and Secondary Infertile XXXX : Association with Occupation, Smoking and Drinking @entity167 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: @entity19 @entity3019 -dependent myeloid cell lines express transcripts from non-rearranged @entity12810 gamma genes and this expression is dependent upon @entity3019 . To investigate this observation in general terms we examined various @entity3019 dependent cell lines for @entity12810 gamma gene expression. We also examined various cytokines to test their potential to induce @entity12810 gamma gene expression. All @entity3019 dependent cell lines expressed @entity12810 gamma transcripts. The @entity3019 induced expression was sensitive to protein synthesis inhibitors. This demonstrated that the @entity12810 gamma genes belong to the early growth factor response class. @entity3019 , @entity58 , @entity2304 and Erytropoietin (EPO), but not @entity14541 , induced @entity12810 gene expression. 32D cells transfected with the IL-2 beta chain receptor became responsive to IL-2 as a growth factor and induced @entity12810 gamma gene expression. The induction of @entity12810 gamma gene expression by the cytokines was not correlated to their growth promoting activity. This indicated different signaling pathways.

title: Regulation of T cell receptor gamma gene expression by cytokines in XXXX hematopoietic cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity5990 , an uncommon complication of @entity2963 , is described as a mechanical @entity1321 due to impaction of one or more large @entity5990 within the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical presentation is variable, depending on the site of obstruction, manifested as acute, intermittent or chronic episodes. A 51-year-old female @entity1 was referred to our hospital with 3 events of @entity1321 during the previous 7 d. At admission, there were clinical signs of @entity1321 ; abdominal film demonstrated dilated bowel loops, air-fluid levels and a vague image of a stone in the inferior left quadrant. Once stabilized, a laparotomy was performed. Surgical findings were distention of the jejunum and ileum proximal to a palpable stone in the ileum as well as @entity5990 and a @entity4570 in the gallbladder. An enterolithotomy, repair of the @entity4570 and cholecystectomy were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. There is no uniform surgical procedure for this disease. When the @entity1 is too ill or when biliary surgery is not advisable, an enterolithotomy is the best option. The one-stage procedure should be the offered to adequately stabilized @entity1 when local and general conditions, such as good cardiorespiratory and metabolic reserve permit a more prolonged surgical procedure.

title: XXXX : One-stage surgery in a @entity1 with intermittent obstruction.

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones', 'Gallstone ileus']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystoduodenal fistula']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['Gallstone ileus']


abstract: @entity5990 , an uncommon complication of @entity2963 , is described as a mechanical @entity1321 due to impaction of one or more large @entity5990 within the gastrointestinal tract. The clinical presentation is variable, depending on the site of obstruction, manifested as acute, intermittent or chronic episodes. A 51-year-old female @entity1 was referred to our hospital with 3 events of @entity1321 during the previous 7 d. At admission, there were clinical signs of @entity1321 ; abdominal film demonstrated dilated bowel loops, air-fluid levels and a vague image of a stone in the inferior left quadrant. Once stabilized, a laparotomy was performed. Surgical findings were distention of the jejunum and ileum proximal to a palpable stone in the ileum as well as @entity5990 and a @entity4570 in the gallbladder. An enterolithotomy, repair of the @entity4570 and cholecystectomy were performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. There is no uniform surgical procedure for this disease. When the @entity1 is too ill or when biliary surgery is not advisable, an enterolithotomy is the best option. The one-stage procedure should be the offered to adequately stabilized @entity1 when local and general conditions, such as good cardiorespiratory and metabolic reserve permit a more prolonged surgical procedure.

title: @entity5990 : One-stage surgery in a XXXX with intermittent obstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: To determine the causes of @entity204 in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 and to examine whether the extrarenal manifestations of @entity8 influence the causes of @entity204 , the medical records of 129 @entity1 who died between 1956 and 1993 were reviewed; 58% of the 129 @entity1 had an autopsy performed. Seventy-seven percent died after reaching @entity454 . The mean age at @entity204 increased from 51 yr for those who died before 1975 to 59 yr for those who died after 1975, reflecting the introduction of renal replacement therapies. The most common cause of @entity204 before 1975 was @entity281 (30%), followed by @entity5507 (28%) and @entity299 (21%); after 1975, these were @entity299 (36%) and @entity281 (24%). Infection was equally prevalent before and after 1975, presenting as @entity295 in 94% and directly relating to @entity8 in 47% of these @entity1 . Underlying factors for @entity204 were @entity1283 , seen in 89% of all autopsied @entity1 , and @entity453 , seen in 81%. A neurologic event was the cause of @entity204 in 12% of @entity1 ; these were @entity1756 in 6%, @entity7057 in 5%, and @entity385 in 1%. The mean age of those who died of @entity1756 was 37 yr. No @entity1 died of @entity703 . @entity96 were the most common extrarenal manifestation, seen in 70% of the autopsied cases; cysts in other organs were very rare. @entity17825 were found in 21%. Thus, the renal and extrarenal manifestations of @entity8 are important contributors to morbidity and mortality.

title: Causes of @entity204 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease', 'ADPKD']

entities_list: @entity7057 :: ('MESH:D020299', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver cysts']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured intracranial aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

entities_list: @entity17825 :: ('MESH:D004241', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic diverticula']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease']


abstract: To determine the causes of @entity204 in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 and to examine whether the extrarenal manifestations of @entity8 influence the causes of @entity204 , the medical records of 129 @entity1 who died between 1956 and 1993 were reviewed; 58% of the 129 @entity1 had an autopsy performed. Seventy-seven percent died after reaching @entity454 . The mean age at @entity204 increased from 51 yr for those who died before 1975 to 59 yr for those who died after 1975, reflecting the introduction of renal replacement therapies. The most common cause of @entity204 before 1975 was @entity281 (30%), followed by @entity5507 (28%) and @entity299 (21%); after 1975, these were @entity299 (36%) and @entity281 (24%). Infection was equally prevalent before and after 1975, presenting as @entity295 in 94% and directly relating to @entity8 in 47% of these @entity1 . Underlying factors for @entity204 were @entity1283 , seen in 89% of all autopsied @entity1 , and @entity453 , seen in 81%. A neurologic event was the cause of @entity204 in 12% of @entity1 ; these were @entity1756 in 6%, @entity7057 in 5%, and @entity385 in 1%. The mean age of those who died of @entity1756 was 37 yr. No @entity1 died of @entity703 . @entity96 were the most common extrarenal manifestation, seen in 70% of the autopsied cases; cysts in other organs were very rare. @entity17825 were found in 21%. Thus, the renal and extrarenal manifestations of @entity8 are important contributors to morbidity and mortality.

title: Causes of XXXX in @entity8 .

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate myocardial @entity26 needs by studying the effects of reduced coronary blood flow on segmental myocardial function. To study the tolerance of limited @entity26 supply to a myocardial segment during @entity1875 administration. DESIGN: A prospective experimental study. SETTING: An experimental animal laboratory in a university. @entity1 : Eighteen adult @entity235 , weighing 20 to 35 kg. INTERVENTIONS: Open thorax open pericardium experiments were performed under standard anesthetic conditions. Segment length gauges were placed subendocardially in an anteroapical and in a basal segment. Flow to the anteroapical segment was reduced by tightening a micrometer-controlled snare placed around the second diagonal coronary artery. Left ventricular pressure-length signals allowed for identification of onset of relaxation dysfunction. Myocardial tissue flow at onset of relaxation dysfunction was defined as critical flow. Tracer microspheres were used to measure subepicardial, midwall, and subendocardial flow at critical flow. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Stability of the model and reproducibility of critical flow were studied in a first series of six @entity235 with the hearts paced at 110 beats/min. Hemodynamics, left ventricular, and segmental myocardial function during critical flow were stable. Subendocardial critical flow was identical with each flow reduction (45% +/- 5, 44% +/- 8, and 43% +/- 5 of baseline myocardial tissue flow). In a second series of six @entity235 , critical flow was measured at pacing rates 100 beats/min, 150 beats/min, and 100 beats/min with @entity1169 , 0.1 mg/kg, pretreatment. Critical flows were 38% +/- 5, 55% +/- 6, and 17% +/- 2 of baseline, respectively (p < 0.05). In a third series of six @entity235 , critical flow was measured during @entity681 , 0.6 microgram/kg/min, and increasing doses of @entity1875 (P0: 0.0 mg/kg/h, P4: 4.0 mg/kg/h and P8: 8.0 mg/kg/h). Heart rate was kept constant at 110 beats/min. When compared with P0, hemodynamic and left ventricular contraction parameters were stable at P4 but were decreased at P8. At P0, critical flow was: 0.63 +/- 0.14, at P4: 0.34 +/- 0.09, and at P8: 0.25 +/- 0.07 mL/min/g (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Critical myocardial tissue flow was reproducible and sensitive for altered myocardial @entity26 needs. The negative inotropic properties of P decreased myocardial @entity26 needs during unchanged hemodynamic and left ventricular contraction parameters. A higher P dose depressed left ventricular function.

title: Onset of segmental relaxation dysfunction with decreased myocardial tissue perfusion: modulation by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgical treatment of @entity5 remains a concern that is mostly associated with technical feasibility, high conversion rate, inadequate oncologic clearance, and surgical outcome. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the short- and long-term clinical and oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic and open surgeries for T4 @entity694 . DESIGN: This was a retrospective study of @entity1 with T4 @entity694 without @entity3 (M0) who had laparoscopic or open surgery from 2003 to 2011. SETTING: The study was conducted at a single institution. @entity1 : A total of 83 @entity1 with pT4 @entity694 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: R0 resection rate, morbidity and mortality within 30 postoperative days, overall survival, and disease-free survival were measured. RESULTS: Laparoscopic surgery was performed on 61 and open surgery on 22 @entity1 . The groups were similar in overall staging (p = 0.461), with 35 (42%) of the @entity1 at stage 2 and 48 (58%) at stage 3. A complete R0 resection was achieved in 61 (100%) of the @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic surgery and in 21 (96%) of the @entity1 who underwent open surgery (p = 0.265). The average number of lymph nodes harvested was 21 in the laparoscopic group and 24 in the open group (p = 0.202). Thirty-day morbidity rate was similar between the groups (p = 0.467), and the mortality rate was 0. The length of hospital and postsurgical stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.008). The 3-year overall survival rates between the groups were 82% (range, 71%-93%) for @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic surgery and 81% (range, 61%-100%) for those who underwent open surgery (p = 0.525), and disease-free survival was 67% (range, 54%-79%) for laparoscopic surgery and 64% (range, 43%-86%) for open surgery (p = 0.848). The follow-up time was 40    25 in months in the laparoscopic group and 34    26 months in the open surgery group (p = 0.325). LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective study at a single institution. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that laparoscopic surgery is feasible in T4 @entity694 . With comparable clinical and oncologic outcomes, this study suggests that laparoscopy may be considered as an alternative approach for T4 @entity694 with the advantage of faster recovery (see Video, @entity12605 , http://links.lww.com/DCR/A156).

title: Laparoscopic resection of t4 XXXX : is it feasible?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T4 cancers']

entities_list: @entity12605 :: ('MESH:D063466', 'Disease') :: ['Supplemental Digital Content 1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local resection for early @entity5 is thought to be less invasive but oncologically inferior to radical resection. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare local with radical resection in terms of oncologic control (survival and local recurrence), @entity260 , and the need for a permanent stoma in adult @entity1 with T1N0M0 @entity420 . DATA SOURCES: Data were retrieved from Medline, Embase, Central, www.clinicaltrials.gov, and conference proceedings. STUDY SELECTION: Two reviewers independently screened studies and assessed the risk of bias. INTERVENTIONS: Local resection (transanal procedures, excluding endoscopic polypectomy) versus radical resection were considered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes measured were overall survival, major @entity260 , and the 'need for permanent stoma.' RESULTS: : One randomized controlled trial and 12 observational studies contributed 2855 @entity1 for analysis. The randomized controlled trial was inadequately powered. Observational study meta-analysis showed that local resection was associated with significantly lower 5-year overall survival (72 more deaths per 1000 @entity1 ; 95%CI 30-120). However, the transanal endoscopic microsurgery subgroup did not yield significantly lower overall survival than radical resection. Local resection was associated with higher local recurrence but with lower perioperative mortality (relative risk 0.31, 95% CI 0.14-0.71), major @entity260 (relative risk 0.20, 95% CI 0.10-0.41), and need for a permanent stoma (relative risk 0.17, 95% CI 0.09-0.30). Findings were robust to sensitivity analyses. Meta-regression suggests that the higher overall survival associated with radical resection may be explained by increased use of local resection on @entity5 in the lower third of the rectum, which have poorer prognosis. LIMITATIONS: This systematic review of nonrandomized studies had inherent biases that may persist despite our rigorous use of systematic review methodology and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Local resection does not offer oncologic control comparable to radical surgery. However, this finding may be driven by the higher prevalence of @entity5 with poorer prognosis in local resection groups. Local resection is associated with @entity260 , mortality, and the need for a permanent stoma. Local resection with transanal endoscopic microsurgery appears to offer oncologic control similar to that of radical resection while offering all the benefits of local resection.

title: Local resection compared with radical resection in the treatment of T1N0M0 XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['lower postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plant recovery status after cryopreservation by vitrification had a negative relationship to the oxidative stress induced by reactive @entity26 species (ROS). @entity958 seedlings germinated for 48h or 72h with different survival tolerances were examined at five steps of cryopreservation, to determine the role of ROS (O2(-), @entity274 and @entity2145 ) and antioxidant systems (SOD, POD, CAT, AsA and @entity2197 ) in cryo-injury. In addition, the effects of the steps on membrane lipid peroxidation were studied using @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) as an indicator. The results indicated that @entity274 -induced oxidative stress at the steps of @entity2700 and rapid warming was the main cause of cryo-injury of 48-h seedlings (high survival rate) and 72-h seedlings (no survival). The @entity274 was mainly generated in cotyledons, shoot tips and roots of seedlings as indicated by Amplex Red staining. Low survival of 72-h seedlings was associated with severe membrane lipid peroxidation, which was caused by increased @entity2145 generation activity and decreased SOD activity. The antioxidant-related gene expression by qRT-PCR and physiological assays suggested that the antioxidant system of 48-h seedlings were activated by ROS, and they mounted a defense against oxidative stress. A high level of ROS led to the weakening of the antioxidant system of 72-h seedlings. Correlation analysis indicated that enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities contributed to the high survival rate of 48-h seedlings, which could reflect by cryopreservation of antioxidant mutant seedlings. This model system indicated that elevated CAT activity and @entity1281 content were determinants of cryogenic stress tolerance, whose manipulation could improve the recovery of seedlings after cryopreservation.

title: Cryopreservation affects ROS-induced oxidative stress and antioxidant response in XXXX seedlings.

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the link between cytokines in intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues and @entity615 . DESIGN: In vitro study with @entity1 IVD cells cultured from cadaveric donors and annulus fibrosus (AF) tissues from @entity1 . RESULTS: Cultured nucleus pulposus (NP) and AF cells were stimulated with @entity1356 . @entity687 and @entity6977 gene expression was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. @entity687 protein was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After @entity1356 stimulation, @entity687 gene expression increased 26,541 fold in NP cells and 22,429 fold in AF cells, whereas protein released by the NP and AF cells increased 2,389- and 1,784-fold, respectively. @entity6977 gene expression increased 3.3-fold in NP cells (P < 0.05).Cytokine profiles in AF tissues collected from @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity615 ( @entity158 group) or @entity1635 (controls) were compared by cytokine array. @entity687 protein in the AF tissues from @entity1 with @entity615 was 1.81-fold of that in controls. @entity6977 and @entity688 in AF tissues from the @entity158 group were 6.87 and 4.63 times greater than the corresponding values in controls, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Inflammatory mediators found in AF tissues from @entity1 with @entity615 are likely produced by IVD cells and may play a key @entity615 .

title: Intervertebral Disc Cells Produce Interleukins Found in @entity1 with Back XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['discogenic back pain', 'role in back pain', 'axial back pain', 'back pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the link between cytokines in intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues and @entity615 . DESIGN: In vitro study with @entity1 IVD cells cultured from cadaveric donors and annulus fibrosus (AF) tissues from @entity1 . RESULTS: Cultured nucleus pulposus (NP) and AF cells were stimulated with @entity1356 . @entity687 and @entity6977 gene expression was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. @entity687 protein was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After @entity1356 stimulation, @entity687 gene expression increased 26,541 fold in NP cells and 22,429 fold in AF cells, whereas protein released by the NP and AF cells increased 2,389- and 1,784-fold, respectively. @entity6977 gene expression increased 3.3-fold in NP cells (P < 0.05).Cytokine profiles in AF tissues collected from @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity615 ( @entity158 group) or @entity1635 (controls) were compared by cytokine array. @entity687 protein in the AF tissues from @entity1 with @entity615 was 1.81-fold of that in controls. @entity6977 and @entity688 in AF tissues from the @entity158 group were 6.87 and 4.63 times greater than the corresponding values in controls, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Inflammatory mediators found in AF tissues from @entity1 with @entity615 are likely produced by IVD cells and may play a key @entity615 .

title: Intervertebral Disc Cells Produce Interleukins Found in XXXX with Back @entity158 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Endovascular occlusion of the @entity292 has been the most widely accepted treatment for @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ). Although the @entity2457 prognosis is generally good, physicians have noted poor recoveries, paradoxical worsening, or recurrences in some cases. In this study, we sought to identify factors that influence the prognoses of @entity2457 @entity1 . METHODS: We enrolled 76 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2457 by conventional angiography in this study and analyzed their medical records for a mean follow-up period of 20 months. We assessed the clinical and radiological factors associated with poor recovery, paradoxical worsening, and recurrence. RESULTS: The 76 @entity2457 @entity1 (25 @entity1 , 51 @entity1 , ages 24 to 77 years) underwent treatment via transvenous and/or transarterial embolization. Initially, we achieved successful occlusion in 64 @entity1 (84.2%). Of the treated @entity1 , 53 (69.7%) were cured, 14 (18.4%) showed significant improvement, and nine (11.8%) remained static or worsened. Poor recovery was associated with significant residual shunt after embolization and with a late-restrictive @entity2457 type. Among the 64 initially occluded @entity1 , paradoxical worsening was more frequent in @entity1 who had a greater number of draining veins. Recurrence was more prevalent in younger @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2457 can have eccentric features, such as lasting symptoms, paradoxical worsening, and recurrence after embolization. Poor recovery was associated with residual shunt and with the late-restrictive type, paradoxical worsening was associated with number of draining veins, and recurrence occurred more often in younger @entity1 .

title: Clinical and angiographic factors related to the prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['CS-dAVF', 'cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: The response regulator protein is a core element of two-component signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated functions of BRRG-1 of @entity14261 , a gene that encodes a putative response regulator protein, which is homologous to Rrg-1 in @entity1980 . The BRRG-1 gene deletion mutant /\Brrg1-62 was unable to produce conidia. The mutant showed increased sensitivity to osmotic stress mediated by @entity1219 and @entity4338 , and to oxidative stress generated by @entity274 . Additionally, the mutant was more sensitive to the fungicides @entity36096 , @entity18389 , and @entity20346 than the parental strain. Western-blot analysis showed that the Bos-2 protein, the putative downstream component of Brrg-1, was not phosphorylated in the /\Brrg1-62. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays showed that expression of @entity19621 also decreased significantly in the mutant. All of the defects were restored by genetic complementation of the /\Brrg1-62 with the wild-type BRRG-1 gene. Plant inoculation tests showed that the mutant did not show changes in pathogenicity on rapeseed leaves. These results indicated that Brrg-1 is involved in the regulation of asexual development, sensitivity to @entity36096 , @entity18389 , and @entity20346 fungicides, and adaptation to osmotic and oxidative stresses in @entity14261 .

title: Involvement of a putative response regulator Brrg-1 in the regulation of sporulation, sensitivity to fungicides, and osmotic stress in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity18389 :: ('MESH:C108339', 'Chemical') :: ['fludioxonil']

entities_list: @entity20346 :: ('MESH:C032910', 'Chemical') :: ['triadimefon']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa']

entities_list: @entity14261 :: ('40559', 'Species') :: ['Botrytis cinerea', 'B. cinerea']

entities_list: @entity36096 :: ('MESH:C033148', 'Chemical') :: ['iprodione']

answer: @entity14261 :: (40559,Species) :: ['Botrytis cinerea']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Arthroscopic acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) resection for asymptomatic @entity625 combined with rotator cuff repair leads to more @entity158 relief and decrease reoperation rate when inferiorly directed osteophytes present at the undersurface of ACJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2006 and May 2008, a total of 83 @entity1 (83 shoulders), 40 males and 43 females, who were planned to have arthroscopic repair of a tear measuring 1-3  cm in the anterior-posterior dimension with advanced @entity625 with inferiorly directed osteophytes at the undersurface of the ACJ on MRI were entered into this study. @entity1 were randomized into two groups. Group 1 included 31 @entity1 , who underwent arthroscopic distal clavicle resection combined with rotator cuff repair. Group 2 included 52 @entity1 , who underwent isolated rotator cuff repair. @entity1 were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively using the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score. @entity158 , tenderness on ACJ, and cross body adduction test were compared between groups. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 31.7  months (range 34-38). The UCLA scores and ASES scores were lower in group 1 at week 6 (p  <  .05), and week 12 (p  <  .05), but higher at the last follow-up at 2  years (p  <  .05) postoperatively. VAS score was higher in group 1 at week 6 (p  <  .05), and at week 12 (p  <  .05), but lower in group 2 at the last follow-up (p  <  .05). Only in group 2, two (3.8%) cases developed @entity158 during follow-up and one (1.9%) case underwent reoperation for additional ACJ resection. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that distal clavicle resection combined with rotator cuff repair for asymptomatic @entity625 with inferiorly directed osteophytes lower functional scores due to @entity158 in early postoperative periods, but better functional outcomes with @entity158 relief and no reoperation rate were observed after 2  years.

title: Asymptomatic acromioclavicular joint XXXX in arthroscopic rotator cuff tendon repair: a prospective randomized comparison study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['ACJ arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['satisfactory pain', 'ACJ pain', 'Pain', 'temporary pain']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']