abstract: BACKGROUND @entity409 ( @entity409 ) constitute a noteworthy portion of causes of @entity204 and disability in Iran. However, data on their prevalence and burden is sparse in Iran. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2010 has provided invaluable comprehensive data on the burden of @entity409 in Iran. METHODS Estimations of @entity204 , years of life lost due to @entity204 (YLL), years of life lost due to disability (YLD), disability-adjusted life years (DALY), life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy have been reported for 291 diseases, 67 risk factors, 1160 sequelae, for both sexes and 19 age groups, form 1990 to 2010 for 187 countries. In the current paper, 5 major categories of @entity409 have been investigated as follows: GI @entity166 , @entity96 , @entity409 , @entity3851 , and other digestive diseases. RESULTS Among @entity1 , 7.6% of all @entity204 and 3.9% of all DALYs were due to digestive and @entity409 in 2010. The respective figures in @entity1 were 7.8% of @entity204 and 4.6% of DALYs. The most important cause of @entity204 among @entity1 under 5 is @entity294 . Among adults between 15 to 49 years old, the main causes of @entity204 are @entity96 and @entity82 , while @entity294 still remains a major cause of DALY. Among adults 50 years and above, @entity96 and @entity82 are the main causes of both @entity204 and DALYs. @entity3621 and @entity9317 , @entity5163 , @entity1085 and @entity1157 , @entity99 , @entity10189 , @entity698 , and @entity99 mainly cause disability rather than @entity204 . CONCLUSION GBD study provides invaluable source of data on burden of @entity409 in Iran. However, there exist limitations, namely overestimation of burden of @entity96 and underestimation of the burden of @entity344 that are usually diagnosed in outpatient settings. The collaboration of scientists across the world and specifically those from developing countries is necessary for improving the accuracy of future updates of GBD in these countries.

title: Burden of Gastrointestinal and XXXX in Iran: Estimates Based on the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study, 2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute hepatitis A']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'GI and liver cancers']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal diseases']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal and liver diseases', 'liver diseases', 'GILD', 'gastrointestinal (GI) and liver diseases', 'liver infections']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct diseases']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI diseases']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['chronic end stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['Gastritis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths', 'premature death']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The SCORTEN scale (SCORe of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis) is widely used to predict mortality in @entity1 with @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) or @entity137 ( @entity137 ). Although it is largely a useful tool, the predictive ability of the scale is variable, and modifications to the existing scale have been suggested. In addition, there is controversy regarding the roles of active therapy and conservative management. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess outcomes in @entity6715 / @entity137 @entity1 managed conservatively and to analyze the predictive performance of SCORTEN. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 were studied prospectively from October 2008 to September 2011. The accuracy of SCORTEN in predicting mortality was analyzed on days 1, 3, and 5 of admission. All @entity1 were managed conservatively. RESULTS: The discriminative power of SCORTEN was acceptable, being best on day 5. The agreement between actual and predicted mortality was poor, as indicated by a low P-value of the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic. Only three parameters (heart rate, blood @entity1133 , and serum @entity3157 ) were found to be significant on multivariate analysis, and all of these represented components within the original SCORTEN scale. The mortality rate was 16.7%. All @entity204 occurred within the first two  weeks (8-12  days). CONCLUSIONS: Serial analysis using SCORTEN is better than analysis performed only on day 1. Although the scale is largely useful, its performance is influenced by the demographic profile of the study population; minor modifications based on the population studied may increase the predictive accuracy of the original SCORTEN. In addition, conservative management is a valid therapeutic option, is preferable to treatment with @entity230 and immunosuppressants, and is highly recommended.

title: A clinicotherapeutic analysis of @entity6715 and XXXX with an emphasis on the predictive value and accuracy of SCORe of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The SCORTEN scale (SCORe of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis) is widely used to predict mortality in @entity1 with @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) or @entity137 ( @entity137 ). Although it is largely a useful tool, the predictive ability of the scale is variable, and modifications to the existing scale have been suggested. In addition, there is controversy regarding the roles of active therapy and conservative management. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess outcomes in @entity6715 / @entity137 @entity1 managed conservatively and to analyze the predictive performance of SCORTEN. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 were studied prospectively from October 2008 to September 2011. The accuracy of SCORTEN in predicting mortality was analyzed on days 1, 3, and 5 of admission. All @entity1 were managed conservatively. RESULTS: The discriminative power of SCORTEN was acceptable, being best on day 5. The agreement between actual and predicted mortality was poor, as indicated by a low P-value of the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic. Only three parameters (heart rate, blood @entity1133 , and serum @entity3157 ) were found to be significant on multivariate analysis, and all of these represented components within the original SCORTEN scale. The mortality rate was 16.7%. All @entity204 occurred within the first two  weeks (8-12  days). CONCLUSIONS: Serial analysis using SCORTEN is better than analysis performed only on day 1. Although the scale is largely useful, its performance is influenced by the demographic profile of the study population; minor modifications based on the population studied may increase the predictive accuracy of the original SCORTEN. In addition, conservative management is a valid therapeutic option, is preferable to treatment with @entity230 and immunosuppressants, and is highly recommended.

title: A clinicotherapeutic analysis of XXXX and @entity137 with an emphasis on the predictive value and accuracy of SCORe of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.

answer: @entity6715 :: (MESH:D013262,Disease) :: ['Stevens-Johnson syndrome']


abstract: Introduction @entity459 ( @entity459 ) is usually the result of a single @entity652 that can often be accurately located preoperatively and excised by a focused operation. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) measurement is used occasionally to detect additional abnormal glands. However, it remains controversial as to whether IOPTH monitoring is necessary. This study presents the results of a large series of focused parathyroidectomy without IOPTH measurement. Methods Data from 2003 to 2014 were collected on 180 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for @entity459 by a single surgeon. Preoperative ultrasonography and sestamibi imaging was performed routinely, with computed tomography (CT) and/or selective venous sampling in selected cases. The preferred procedure for single gland disease was a focused lateral approach guided by on-table surgeon performed ultrasonography. Frozen section was used selectively and surgical cure was defined as normocalcaemia at the six-month follow-up appointment. Results Focused surgery was undertaken in 146 @entity1 (81%) and 97% of these cases had concordant results with two imaging modalities. In all cases, an abnormal gland was discovered at the predetermined site. Of the 146 @entity1 , 132 underwent a focused lateral approach (11 of which were converted to a collar incision), 10 required a collar incision and 4 underwent a mini-sternotomy. At 6 months following surgery, 142 @entity1 were normocalcaemic (97% primary cure rate). Three of the four treatment failures had subsequent surgery and are now biochemically cured. There were no complications or cases of persistent hypocalcaemia. Conclusions This study provides further evidence that in the presence of concordant preoperative imaging, IOPTH measurement can be safely omitted when performing focused parathyroidectomy for most cases of @entity459 .

title: Contemporary surgical treatment of XXXX without intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement.

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism', 'pHPT']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity955 is often asymptomatic, but outcomes require further characterization. The study objective was to investigate the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes in asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity1 with @entity955 who were prospectively enrolled in the EurObservational Research Programme - Atrial Fibrillation (EORP-AF) Pilot General Registry. METHODS: A total of 3119 @entity1 were enrolled, and 1237 (39.7%) were asymptomatic (European Heart Rhythm Association [EHRA] score I). Among symptomatic @entity1 , 963 (51.2%) had mild symptoms (EHRA score II) and 919 (48.8%) had severe or disabling symptoms (EHRA III-IV). Permanent @entity955 was 3-fold more common in asymptomatic @entity1 than in symptomatic @entity1 . RESULTS: On multivariate analysis, male gender (odds ratio [OR], 1.630; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.384-1.921), older age (OR, 1.019; 95% CI, 1.012-1.026), previous @entity583 (OR, 1.681; 95% CI, 1.350-2.093), and limited physical activity (OR, 1.757; 95% CI, 1.495-2.064) were associated significantly with asymptomatic (EHRA I) @entity955 . Fully asymptomatic @entity955 (absence of current and previous symptoms) was present in 520 @entity1 (16.7%) and was associated independently with male gender, age, and previous @entity583 . Appropriate guideline-based prescription of oral anticoagulants was lower in these @entity1 , and @entity117 was prescribed more frequently. Mortality at 1 year was more than 2-fold higher in asymptomatic @entity1 compared with symptomatic @entity1 (9.4% vs 4.2%, P < .0001) and was associated independently with older age and comorbidities, including @entity740 and @entity712 . CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic @entity955 is common in daily cardiology practice and is associated with elderly age, more comorbidities, and high @entity1031 risks. A higher 1-year mortality was found in asymptomatic @entity1 compared with symptomatic @entity1 .

title: Asymptomatic XXXX : clinical correlates, management, and outcomes in the EORP-AF Pilot General Registry.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In Europe @entity5275 ( @entity5275 ) for @entity64 is still not approved for @entity1 aged >80 years. However, elderly @entity1 are frequently treated based on individual decision making. In a retrospective observational study a consecutive and prospective @entity64 registry in southwest Germany was analysed. METHODS: The data registry collected 101 349 @entity1 with @entity64 hospitalized from January 2008 to December 2012. Of these, 38 575 (38%) were aged 80 years and older and 10 286 (10.1%) underwent @entity5275 . Favourable outcome at discharge was defined as modified @entity23656 or not worse than prior to @entity64 . Multiple logistic regression models stratified by 10-year age groups were used to assess the relationship between @entity5275 and mRS at discharge, adjusted for @entity1 characteristics, admitting facility and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The highest @entity5275 rate was 15% in @entity1 aged <50 years, with a continuous decline down to 8% in @entity1 aged >= 90 years. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for @entity1 80-89 years of age were 2.20 (1.95-2.47) (P < 0.0001) and 1.25 (0.88-1.78) (P = 0.21) for @entity1 >90 years of age, compared to @entity1 of the same age decade not treated with @entity5275 . CONCLUSIONS: The evidence from routine hospital care in southwest Germany indicates that @entity5275 is an effective treatment also for aged @entity1 with @entity64 in an age range between 80 and 89 years. Although no clear evidence for the effectiveness of @entity5275 beyond 90 years was found, treatment should also be carefully considered in these @entity1 . High age should not discourage from treatment.

title: Intravenous thrombolysis for acute XXXX in the elderly: data from the Baden-Wuerttemberg @entity64 registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity5275 :: ('MESH:D015819', 'Disease') :: ['IVT', 'intravenous thrombolysis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In Europe @entity5275 ( @entity5275 ) for @entity64 is still not approved for @entity1 aged >80 years. However, elderly @entity1 are frequently treated based on individual decision making. In a retrospective observational study a consecutive and prospective @entity64 registry in southwest Germany was analysed. METHODS: The data registry collected 101 349 @entity1 with @entity64 hospitalized from January 2008 to December 2012. Of these, 38 575 (38%) were aged 80 years and older and 10 286 (10.1%) underwent @entity5275 . Favourable outcome at discharge was defined as modified @entity23656 or not worse than prior to @entity64 . Multiple logistic regression models stratified by 10-year age groups were used to assess the relationship between @entity5275 and mRS at discharge, adjusted for @entity1 characteristics, admitting facility and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The highest @entity5275 rate was 15% in @entity1 aged <50 years, with a continuous decline down to 8% in @entity1 aged >= 90 years. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for @entity1 80-89 years of age were 2.20 (1.95-2.47) (P < 0.0001) and 1.25 (0.88-1.78) (P = 0.21) for @entity1 >90 years of age, compared to @entity1 of the same age decade not treated with @entity5275 . CONCLUSIONS: The evidence from routine hospital care in southwest Germany indicates that @entity5275 is an effective treatment also for aged @entity1 with @entity64 in an age range between 80 and 89 years. Although no clear evidence for the effectiveness of @entity5275 beyond 90 years was found, treatment should also be carefully considered in these @entity1 . High age should not discourage from treatment.

title: Intravenous thrombolysis for acute @entity64 in the elderly: data from the Baden-Wuerttemberg XXXX registry.

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: AIMS: Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation, are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ), but the mediators are not well known. Moreover, although @entity2299 contributes to @entity2316 , epigenetic changes triggered by lipids are unclear. In @entity6 , increased expression of @entity20180 (12/15-LO) enhances oxidized lipids such as @entity11903 [ @entity11903 ], which promote oxidant stress, @entity8 , and @entity82 , and mediate the actions of profibrotic growth factors. We hypothesized that 12/15-LO and its oxidized lipid products can regulate epigenetic mechanisms mediating profibrotic gene expression related to @entity2316 . RESULTS: @entity11903 increased profibrotic gene expression and enrichment of permissive histone @entity376 modifications at their promoters in MCs. @entity11903 also increased protein levels of @entity71715 , a histone H3 @entity376 4 methyltransferase, and promoted its nuclear translocation and enrichment at profibrotic gene promoters. Furthermore, @entity71715 ( @entity71715 ) gene silencing inhibited @entity11903 -induced profibrotic gene expression. 12/15-LO ( @entity20180 ) gene silencing or genetic knockout inhibited @entity641 ( @entity641 )-induced expression of @entity71715 and profibrotic genes and histone modifications in MCs. Furthermore, 12/15-LO knockout in @entity19 ameliorated key features of @entity2316 and abrogated increases in renal @entity71715 and profibrotic genes. Additionally, 12/15-LO siRNAs in vivo blocked increases in renal @entity71715 and profibrotic genes in @entity6 @entity19 . Innovation and Conclusion: These novel results demonstrate for the first time that 12/15-LO-derived oxidized lipids regulate histone modifications associated with profibrotic gene expression in MCs, and 12/15-LO can mediate similar actions of @entity641 and @entity6 . Targeting 12/15-LO might be a useful strategy to inhibit key epigenetic mechanisms involved in @entity2316 . Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.

title: Epigenetic Histone Modifications Involved in Profibrotic Gene Regulation by XXXX and Its Oxidized Lipid Products in @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular and mesangial cell (MC) dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b1', 'transforming growth factor-b1']

entities_list: @entity11903 :: ('MESH:D019377', 'Chemical') :: ['12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid', '12(S)-HETE']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity20180 :: (11687(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['12/15-Lipoxygenase']


abstract: AIMS: Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation, are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ), but the mediators are not well known. Moreover, although @entity2299 contributes to @entity2316 , epigenetic changes triggered by lipids are unclear. In @entity6 , increased expression of @entity20180 (12/15-LO) enhances oxidized lipids such as @entity11903 [ @entity11903 ], which promote oxidant stress, @entity8 , and @entity82 , and mediate the actions of profibrotic growth factors. We hypothesized that 12/15-LO and its oxidized lipid products can regulate epigenetic mechanisms mediating profibrotic gene expression related to @entity2316 . RESULTS: @entity11903 increased profibrotic gene expression and enrichment of permissive histone @entity376 modifications at their promoters in MCs. @entity11903 also increased protein levels of @entity71715 , a histone H3 @entity376 4 methyltransferase, and promoted its nuclear translocation and enrichment at profibrotic gene promoters. Furthermore, @entity71715 ( @entity71715 ) gene silencing inhibited @entity11903 -induced profibrotic gene expression. 12/15-LO ( @entity20180 ) gene silencing or genetic knockout inhibited @entity641 ( @entity641 )-induced expression of @entity71715 and profibrotic genes and histone modifications in MCs. Furthermore, 12/15-LO knockout in @entity19 ameliorated key features of @entity2316 and abrogated increases in renal @entity71715 and profibrotic genes. Additionally, 12/15-LO siRNAs in vivo blocked increases in renal @entity71715 and profibrotic genes in @entity6 @entity19 . Innovation and Conclusion: These novel results demonstrate for the first time that 12/15-LO-derived oxidized lipids regulate histone modifications associated with profibrotic gene expression in MCs, and 12/15-LO can mediate similar actions of @entity641 and @entity6 . Targeting 12/15-LO might be a useful strategy to inhibit key epigenetic mechanisms involved in @entity2316 . Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.

title: Epigenetic Histone Modifications Involved in Profibrotic Gene Regulation by @entity20180 and Its Oxidized Lipid Products in XXXX .

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity131 is characterized by incomplete hippocampal inversion with a rounded shape and blurred internal architecture. There is still debate about whether @entity131 has pathologic significance. We present findings from the Consequences of @entity410 in Childhood (FEBSTAT) study on the frequency of and risk factors for @entity131 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: FEBSTAT is a prospective multicenter study investigating the consequences of @entity159 in childhood. MRI studies of 226 @entity1 with @entity159 were analyzed visually by two board-certified neuroradiologists blinded to clinical details and were compared with MRI studies of 96 subjects with first @entity410 . Quantitative analysis of hippocampal volume was performed by two independent observers. RESULTS: @entity131 was present in 20 of 226 (8.8%) @entity1 with @entity159 compared with two of 96 (2.1%) control subjects (odds ratio [OR], 4.56; 95% CI, 1.05-19.92). @entity131 was exclusively left-sided in 18 of 22 (81.8%) @entity1 and bilateral in the remaining four @entity1 (18.2%). There was no case of exclusively right-sided @entity131 . @entity131 was more common in @entity1 than in @entity1 (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.7-21.5). On quantitative volumetric MRI analysis, the left hippocampal volume was smaller in @entity1 with @entity131 than in control subjects with @entity410 (p = 0.004), and the right-to-left hippocampal volume ratio was higher in the @entity131 group than in the @entity410 group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity131 is a developmental @entity600 that predominantly affects the left hippocampus in male @entity1 and is more frequently found in @entity1 with prolonged @entity159 than in control subjects. These data provide further evidence that @entity131 represents a pathologic error in brain development rather than a normal variant.

title: Hippocampal Malrotation Is Associated With XXXX : Results of the FEBSTAT Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Hippocampal malrotation', 'hippocampal malrotation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['simple febrile seizure', 'Prolonged Febrile Seizures']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['febrile status epilepticus']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Prolonged Febrile Seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tumefactive demyelinating lesions (TDLs) remain one of the most common @entity75 to mimic a @entity1313 , particularly primary @entity706 (PCNSL) and high-grade @entity11 . The purpose of our study was to evaluate the ability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and conventional MRI features to differentiate TDLs from PCNSLs and high-grade @entity11 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 (24 @entity1 with TDLs, 28 with PCNSLs, and 23 with high-grade @entity11 ) with 168 @entity75 (70 TDLs, 68 PCNSLs, and 30 high-grade @entity11 ) who underwent DWI before surgery or therapy were included in the study. Minimum ADC (ADCmin) and average ADC (ADCavg) values were calculated for each lesion. ANOVA and ROC analyses were performed. ROC analyses were also performed for the presence of incomplete rim enhancement and for the number of lesions. Multiple-variable logistic regression with ROC analysis was then performed to evaluate performance in multiple-variable models. RESULTS: ADCmin was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.01) in TDLs (mean, 0.886; 95% CI, 0.802-0.931) than in PCNSLs (0.547; 95% CI, 0.496-0.598) and high-grade @entity11 (0.470; 95% CI, 0.385-0.555). (All ADC values in this article are reported in units of * 10(-3) mm(2)/s.) ADCavg was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.01) in TDLs (mean, 1.362; 95% CI, 1.268-1.456) than in PCNSLs (0.990; 95% CI, 0.919-1.061) but not in high-grade @entity11 (1.216; 95% CI, 1.074-1.356). Multiple-variable models showed statistically significant individual effects and superior diagnostic performance on ROC analysis. CONCLUSION: TDLs can be diagnosed on preoperative MRI with a high degree of specificity; MRI features of incomplete rim enhancement, high ADC values, and a large number of lesions individually increase the probability and diagnostic confidence that a lesion is a TDL.

title: Performance of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values and Conventional MRI Features in Differentiating Tumefactive Demyelinating Lesions From XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Primary Brain Neoplasms']


abstract: Nontypeable @entity327 (NTHi) cause significant disease, including @entity2172 in @entity1 , exacerbations of @entity1030 , and invasive disease in susceptible populations. No vaccine is currently available to prevent @entity6932 . The interactions of NTHi and the @entity1 host are primarily mediated by @entity14996 and a complex array of surface-exposed proteins (SEPs) that act as receptors, sensors and secretion systems. We hypothesized that certain SEPs are present in all NTHi strains and that a subset of these may be antibody accessible and represent protective epitopes. Initially we used 15 genomic sequences available in the GenBank database along with an additional 11 genomic sequences generated by ourselves to identify the core set of putative SEPs present in all strains. Using bioinformatics, 56 core SEPs were identified. Molecular modeling generated putative structures of the SEPs from which potential surface exposed regions were defined. Synthetic peptides corresponding to ten of these highly conserved surface-exposed regions were used to raise antisera in rats. These antisera were used to assess passive protection in the @entity1 @entity35 model of invasive @entity6728 . Five of the antisera were protective, thus demonstrating their in vivo antibody accessibility. These five peptide regions represent potential targets for peptide vaccine candidates to protect against @entity6728 .

title: Antisera Against Certain Conserved Surface-Exposed Peptides of Nontypeable XXXX Are Protective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['NTHi disease']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['NTHi infection']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity14996 :: ('CHEBI:35371', 'Chemical') :: ['lipooligosaccharide']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: PURPOSE: The study explored the direction of change (decline vs. improvement) after @entity21 ( @entity21 ) in the domains of the ICF: body structure, body function, and activity. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity21 were assessed by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure body structure, the Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions (BNIS) to measure body function, and the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) to measure activity. The DTI, BNIS, and AMPS were applied at the acute phase (A1), and at 6 and 12 months @entity130 (A2 and A3). Visual and statistical analyses were conducted to explore time-dependent changes in the ICF domains. RESULTS: Improvements were observed for most @entity1 in all ICF domains from injury until six months. Thereafter, the results diverged, with half of the subjects showing a decline in DTI and BNIS scores between A2-A3, and all but one of the @entity1 exhibiting identical or better A2-A3 AMPS process skill scores. CONCLUSIONS: From 6 to 12 months @entity130 , some @entity1 underwent an ongoing degenerative process, causing a @entity73 . The same decline was not observed in the activity measure, which might be explained by the use of compensatory strategies. Implications for rehabilitation In rehabilitation it is essential to be aware that in some cases with @entity131 , an ongoing degenerative process in the white matter can be expected, causing an adverse late effect on cognitive function. The @entity73 , caused by @entity21 , does not necessarily mean a concurrent decrease in activity performance, possibly explained by the use of compensatory strategies. This suggests that, after the post-acute phase, rehabilitation offering strategy training may be beneficial to enhance every-day functioning. Strategy use requires awareness, which imply the need to assess level of awareness in order to guide rehabilitation.

title: XXXX due to @entity21 does not necessarily imply a corresponding decline in ability to perform activities.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'decline in cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['DAI', 'diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Decline in cognitive function']


abstract: PURPOSE: The study explored the direction of change (decline vs. improvement) after @entity21 ( @entity21 ) in the domains of the ICF: body structure, body function, and activity. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity21 were assessed by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to measure body structure, the Barrow Neurological Institute Screen for Higher Cerebral Functions (BNIS) to measure body function, and the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) to measure activity. The DTI, BNIS, and AMPS were applied at the acute phase (A1), and at 6 and 12 months @entity130 (A2 and A3). Visual and statistical analyses were conducted to explore time-dependent changes in the ICF domains. RESULTS: Improvements were observed for most @entity1 in all ICF domains from injury until six months. Thereafter, the results diverged, with half of the subjects showing a decline in DTI and BNIS scores between A2-A3, and all but one of the @entity1 exhibiting identical or better A2-A3 AMPS process skill scores. CONCLUSIONS: From 6 to 12 months @entity130 , some @entity1 underwent an ongoing degenerative process, causing a @entity73 . The same decline was not observed in the activity measure, which might be explained by the use of compensatory strategies. Implications for rehabilitation In rehabilitation it is essential to be aware that in some cases with @entity131 , an ongoing degenerative process in the white matter can be expected, causing an adverse late effect on cognitive function. The @entity73 , caused by @entity21 , does not necessarily mean a concurrent decrease in activity performance, possibly explained by the use of compensatory strategies. This suggests that, after the post-acute phase, rehabilitation offering strategy training may be beneficial to enhance every-day functioning. Strategy use requires awareness, which imply the need to assess level of awareness in order to guide rehabilitation.

title: @entity73 due to XXXX does not necessarily imply a corresponding decline in ability to perform activities.

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['diffuse axonal injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cyclophosphamide (Cy) in combination with busulfan (Bu) or @entity348 ( @entity348 ) is the most commonly used myeloablative conditioning regimen in @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). We used data from the Center for International Bone Marrow Transplantation Research to compare outcomes in adults who underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation for @entity1860 in first chronic phase after myeloablative conditioning with Cy in combination with @entity348 , oral Bu, or intravenous (i.v.) Bu. Four hundred thirty-eight adults received human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched sibling grafts and 235 received well-matched grafts from unrelated donors (URD) from 2000 through 2006. Important differences existed between the groups in distribution of donor relation, exposure to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and year of transplantation. In multivariate analysis, relapse occurred less frequently among @entity1 receiving i.v. Bu compared with @entity348 (relative risk [RR], .36; P  =  .022) or oral Bu (RR, .39; P  =  .028), but nonrelapse mortality and survival were similar. A significant interaction was detected between donor relation and the main effect in @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ). Among recipients of HLA-identical sibling grafts, but not URD grafts, @entity1778 was better in @entity1 receiving i.v. Bu (RR, .53; P  =  .025) or oral Bu (RR, .64; P  =  .017) compared with @entity348 . In @entity1860 in first chronic phase, Cy in combination with i.v. Bu was associated with less relapse than @entity348 or oral Bu. @entity1778 was better after i.v. or oral Bu compared with @entity348 .

title: Comparison of Outcomes of Allogeneic Transplantation for XXXX with Cyclophosphamide in Combination with Intravenous Busulfan, Oral Busulfan, or Total Body Irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia-free survival', 'LFS']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['Chronic Myeloid Leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: HDL-increasing drugs such as fenofibrate and niacin have failed to decrease the cardiovascular risk in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Drug-mediated quantitative and qualitative HDL modifications could be involved in these negative results. To evaluate the quantitative and qualitative effects of niacin and fenofibrate on HDL in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , a prospective, randomised controlled intervention trial was conducted. Thirty @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with low HDL were randomised to receive either fenofibrate (FFB) or niacin  +  laropiprant (ERN/LPR) as an add-on to simvastatin treatment for 12 weeks according to a crossover design. At the basal point and after each intervention period, physical examinations and comprehensive standard biochemical determinations and HDL metabolomics were performed. Thirty nondiabetic @entity1 with normal HDL were used as a basal control group. ERN/ @entity8993 , but not FFB, significantly increased HDL cholesterol. Neither ERN/ @entity8993 nor FFB reversed the HDL particle size or particle number to normal. ERN/ @entity8993 increased @entity1675 but not @entity3294 , whereas FFB produced the opposite effect. FFB significantly increased Preb1-HDL, whereas ERN/ @entity8993 tended to lower Preb1-HDL. @entity28371 and LCAT activities were significantly decreased only by ERN/ @entity8993 . @entity6511 activity in HDL and plasma decreased with the use of both agents. Despite their different actions on antioxidant parameters, none of the treatments induced detectable antioxidant improvements. ERN/ @entity8993 had strikingly different effects on HDL quantity and quality, as well as on HDL cholesterol concentrations. When prescribing HDL cholesterol increasing drugs, this differential action should be considered.

title: Remarkable quantitative and qualitative differences in HDL after niacin or fenofibrate therapy in XXXX 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: HDL-increasing drugs such as fenofibrate and niacin have failed to decrease the cardiovascular risk in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Drug-mediated quantitative and qualitative HDL modifications could be involved in these negative results. To evaluate the quantitative and qualitative effects of niacin and fenofibrate on HDL in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , a prospective, randomised controlled intervention trial was conducted. Thirty @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with low HDL were randomised to receive either fenofibrate (FFB) or niacin  +  laropiprant (ERN/LPR) as an add-on to simvastatin treatment for 12 weeks according to a crossover design. At the basal point and after each intervention period, physical examinations and comprehensive standard biochemical determinations and HDL metabolomics were performed. Thirty nondiabetic @entity1 with normal HDL were used as a basal control group. ERN/ @entity8993 , but not FFB, significantly increased HDL cholesterol. Neither ERN/ @entity8993 nor FFB reversed the HDL particle size or particle number to normal. ERN/ @entity8993 increased @entity1675 but not @entity3294 , whereas FFB produced the opposite effect. FFB significantly increased Preb1-HDL, whereas ERN/ @entity8993 tended to lower Preb1-HDL. @entity28371 and LCAT activities were significantly decreased only by ERN/ @entity8993 . @entity6511 activity in HDL and plasma decreased with the use of both agents. Despite their different actions on antioxidant parameters, none of the treatments induced detectable antioxidant improvements. ERN/ @entity8993 had strikingly different effects on HDL quantity and quality, as well as on HDL cholesterol concentrations. When prescribing HDL cholesterol increasing drugs, this differential action should be considered.

title: Remarkable quantitative and qualitative differences in HDL after niacin or fenofibrate therapy in @entity164 2 XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: HDL-increasing drugs such as fenofibrate and niacin have failed to decrease the cardiovascular risk in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Drug-mediated quantitative and qualitative HDL modifications could be involved in these negative results. To evaluate the quantitative and qualitative effects of niacin and fenofibrate on HDL in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , a prospective, randomised controlled intervention trial was conducted. Thirty @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 with low HDL were randomised to receive either fenofibrate (FFB) or niacin  +  laropiprant (ERN/LPR) as an add-on to simvastatin treatment for 12 weeks according to a crossover design. At the basal point and after each intervention period, physical examinations and comprehensive standard biochemical determinations and HDL metabolomics were performed. Thirty nondiabetic @entity1 with normal HDL were used as a basal control group. ERN/ @entity8993 , but not FFB, significantly increased HDL cholesterol. Neither ERN/ @entity8993 nor FFB reversed the HDL particle size or particle number to normal. ERN/ @entity8993 increased @entity1675 but not @entity3294 , whereas FFB produced the opposite effect. FFB significantly increased Preb1-HDL, whereas ERN/ @entity8993 tended to lower Preb1-HDL. @entity28371 and LCAT activities were significantly decreased only by ERN/ @entity8993 . @entity6511 activity in HDL and plasma decreased with the use of both agents. Despite their different actions on antioxidant parameters, none of the treatments induced detectable antioxidant improvements. ERN/ @entity8993 had strikingly different effects on HDL quantity and quality, as well as on HDL cholesterol concentrations. When prescribing HDL cholesterol increasing drugs, this differential action should be considered.

title: Remarkable quantitative and qualitative differences in HDL after niacin or fenofibrate therapy in @entity164 2 @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An enlarging @entity439 after @entity439 repair (EVAR) without @entity1070 is a clinical challenge. Management of this problem is guided by the current evidence for adequate EVAR follow up and recommended thresholds for re-intervention. In a frail @entity1 , careful risk assessment of @entity439 related mortality against the risks associated with examinations and interventions is required. METHODS: The literature was reviewed for imaging modalities for EVAR follow up and their advantages and disadvantages. The current evidence and guideline recommendations regarding follow up and re-intervention after EVAR were assessed in relation to the presented case. RESULTS: To detect sac expansion after EVAR, repeated examinations with the same imaging modality are needed. Verified expansion must be above the inter-observer variation of the method used. Although duplex ultrasound is an excellent modality for EVAR follow up, the finding of a significant expansion on duplex requires further examination, primarily with computed tomography angiography to assess sealing, stent graft integrity, and presence of endoleak. A frail @entity1 should be assessed thoroughly before any kind of surgical intervention, the extent of which is related to the identified or suspected cause of expansion. CONCLUSION: Failure to totally exclude the @entity439 from continuing circulation, pressure and endoleak remains a potential shortcoming of EVAR. Significant sac expansion is an indication of EVAR failure. Decisions regarding further examinations or intervention are guided by the stability of the initial EVAR performed, the cause and extent of expansion, and the @entity1 's comorbidities.

title: Management of Aortic Sac Enlargement Following Successful EVAR in a Frail XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['clear endoleak']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity465 can occur both in @entity1 undergoing radiation therapy, as well as in @entity1 who have had thymectomies. However, few studies have examined the immune recovery of a @entity1 following both procedures. We aim to emphasize the need for assessment and consistent monitoring of @entity1 with @entity704 prior to and after combined treatment of thymectomy and radiation, both of which are likely to result in an increased risk for @entity465 . CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the longitudinal progress of a 59-year-old Asian male who underwent thymectomy followed by radiation therapy and subsequently presented with generalized @entity110 . Revelation of a low absolute lymphocyte count (615 cells/mcL) on initial evaluation prompted further analysis of his immunoglobulin levels and antigen response to a polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PneumoVax-23). Although his immunoglobulin levels were unremarkable, he failed to respond to 11 of 12 serotypes of the pneumococcal vaccine. As a result, he was placed on Bactrim(R) (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) prophylaxis to prevent @entity1292 , and his @entity404 + and @entity405 + counts were monitored over the course of 8 years. His lymphocyte counts 87 months after thymectomy and 85 months after radiation therapy were as follows: absolute lymphocyte count 956 cells/mcL, absolute CD3+/ @entity404 + 164/mm3 (16%) and absolute CD3+/ @entity405 + 257/mm3 (25%). The @entity1 was able to discontinue Bactrim(R) (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) prophylaxis after 9 years of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2905 , low @entity404 + count, and failed response to pneumococcal vaccination that presented in our @entity1 are consistent with @entity465 . After radiation alone, a recovery of T-lymphocytes is usually observed after approximately 3 weeks. Over the course of 8 years, he has still not made a full recovery according to laboratory markers, which seem to have stabilized at chronically low levels. To prevent serious complications, we suggest that @entity1 who have undergone both thymectomy and radiation therapy be monitored for @entity465 . This case report informs the practices of allergists, oncologists, and neurologists in the continuing care of @entity1 with @entity704 .

title: Prolonged severe XXXX following thymectomy and radiation: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency', 'Immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Comorbidity of @entity146 and @entity734 can intensify both conditions, and when advanced age is added to the combination, the @entity1 will face a distinctive array of issues. This study evaluated the prevalence of @entity146 in elderly substance users as well as certain related factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 160 consenting elderly substance users 60 years and over who had been on @entity284 maintenance. The subjects were selected from rehabilitation centers affiliated with the Welfare Organization in Tehran through convenience sampling, and were assessed for current or lifetime axis-I @entity146 using the @entity915 questionnaire. RESULTS: In this study, 28.1% of substance abusers were diagnosed with at least one current @entity146 . @entity146 were more common in subjects whose @entity734 had started prior to the age of 35, or those who had a family history of substance use. Also, 34.4% had a lifetime history of at least one @entity146 , with a higher incidence among those simultaneously dependent on other substances in addition to opioids. @entity308 was the most @entity74 among the study subjects. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of the present study, axis-I @entity146 are rather common among elderly substance users, and approximately a third of this population have a lifetime history of at least one such disorder. The type of abused substance can affect the incidence of @entity146 , and simultaneous use of non-opioids and other substances can increase their prevalence.

title: Psychiatric Comorbidities among Iranian Elderly @entity1 on XXXX Maintenance Treatment.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'Psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['prevalent disorder']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'substance abuse']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['Methadone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Comorbidity of @entity146 and @entity734 can intensify both conditions, and when advanced age is added to the combination, the @entity1 will face a distinctive array of issues. This study evaluated the prevalence of @entity146 in elderly substance users as well as certain related factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 160 consenting elderly substance users 60 years and over who had been on @entity284 maintenance. The subjects were selected from rehabilitation centers affiliated with the Welfare Organization in Tehran through convenience sampling, and were assessed for current or lifetime axis-I @entity146 using the @entity915 questionnaire. RESULTS: In this study, 28.1% of substance abusers were diagnosed with at least one current @entity146 . @entity146 were more common in subjects whose @entity734 had started prior to the age of 35, or those who had a family history of substance use. Also, 34.4% had a lifetime history of at least one @entity146 , with a higher incidence among those simultaneously dependent on other substances in addition to opioids. @entity308 was the most @entity74 among the study subjects. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of the present study, axis-I @entity146 are rather common among elderly substance users, and approximately a third of this population have a lifetime history of at least one such disorder. The type of abused substance can affect the incidence of @entity146 , and simultaneous use of non-opioids and other substances can increase their prevalence.

title: Psychiatric Comorbidities among Iranian Elderly XXXX on @entity284 Maintenance Treatment.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Enteric illness associated with foodborne and @entity66 is thought to be common in some Canadian Indigenous communities. This study aimed to understand the lived experience of acute @entity344 (AGI), including symptoms and severity, perceived causes, and healthcare seeking behaviors of AGI in the small Inuit community of Rigolet, Canada. A concurrent mixed quantitative and qualitative methods design was used. Two cross-sectional retrospective surveys provided quantitative data to examine self-reported AGI symptoms and the distribution of potential risk factors in the community. Qualitative data from in-depth interviews with one-third of AGI cases were analyzed using a constant-comparative method to describe symptoms and severity, identify perceived risk factors, and explore health seeking behavior of AGI in Rigolet. Of the survey respondents reporting AGI, most reported symptoms of @entity294 without @entity391 , followed by @entity294 with @entity391 , and @entity391 without @entity294 . The most common secondary symptoms included stomach cramps and @entity490 , @entity390 , and extreme tiredness. Community members identified potential risk factors for AGI that reflect the epidemiology triad (host, agent, and environmental factors), including hygiene, retail food, tap water, boil water advisories, and personal stress. Risk aversion and healthcare seeking behaviors reflected the core constructs of the Health Belief Model (perceived susceptibility, severity, and benefits and barriers to action). Understanding community experience, perspectives, and beliefs related to AGI is useful for public health practitioners and health care providers. This information is important especially considering the relatively high estimated burden of AGI and the relatively low healthcare seeking behaviors in some Indigenous communities compared to national estimates. Moreover, the mixed-methods approach used to understand the burden of AGI could be extended to other health research in Indigenous contexts.

title: Lived experience of acute XXXX in Rigolet, Nunatsiavut: "Just suffer through it"

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['waterborne disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal illness']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity453 remains the principal cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity6 . @entity6 @entity19 display exacerbated @entity130 following @entity741 -reperfusion (MI/R) and are resistant to most therapeutic interventions. We have reported that @entity17122 ( @entity17122 ) therapy confers cardioprotection during MI/R in non- @entity6 @entity19 . Here we tested the hypothesis that @entity17122 therapy would limit the extent of @entity296 following MI/R when administered at the time of reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity6 @entity19 (db/db, 12  weeks of age) were subjected to transient @entity741 for a period of 30  minutes followed by reperfusion up to 24  hours. @entity17122 (0.05 to 1  mg/kg) or saline (vehicle) was administered into the left ventricular lumen at the time of reperfusion. @entity17122 therapy significantly decreased @entity296 in the db/db @entity6 @entity19 , as evidenced by a reduction in @entity1188 size and circulating troponin-I levels. The reduction in @entity296 was also associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 expression. In an effort to evaluate the signaling mechanism responsible for the observed cardioprotection, additional groups of @entity19 were sacrificed during early reperfusion. Hearts were excised and processed for Western blot analysis. These studies revealed that @entity17122 therapy activated the @entity8837 arm of the Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK) pathway. CONCLUSION: These findings provide important information that myocardial @entity8837 activation by @entity17122 therapy following MI/R sets into motion events, which ultimately lead to cardioprotection in the setting of @entity6 .

title: Hydrogen sulfide provides cardioprotection against XXXX reperfusion @entity130 in the @entity6 state through the activation of the RISK pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17122 :: ('MESH:C033479', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulfide', 'Na2S']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial/ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity453 remains the principal cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity6 . @entity6 @entity19 display exacerbated @entity130 following @entity741 -reperfusion (MI/R) and are resistant to most therapeutic interventions. We have reported that @entity17122 ( @entity17122 ) therapy confers cardioprotection during MI/R in non- @entity6 @entity19 . Here we tested the hypothesis that @entity17122 therapy would limit the extent of @entity296 following MI/R when administered at the time of reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity6 @entity19 (db/db, 12  weeks of age) were subjected to transient @entity741 for a period of 30  minutes followed by reperfusion up to 24  hours. @entity17122 (0.05 to 1  mg/kg) or saline (vehicle) was administered into the left ventricular lumen at the time of reperfusion. @entity17122 therapy significantly decreased @entity296 in the db/db @entity6 @entity19 , as evidenced by a reduction in @entity1188 size and circulating troponin-I levels. The reduction in @entity296 was also associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 expression. In an effort to evaluate the signaling mechanism responsible for the observed cardioprotection, additional groups of @entity19 were sacrificed during early reperfusion. Hearts were excised and processed for Western blot analysis. These studies revealed that @entity17122 therapy activated the @entity8837 arm of the Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK) pathway. CONCLUSION: These findings provide important information that myocardial @entity8837 activation by @entity17122 therapy following MI/R sets into motion events, which ultimately lead to cardioprotection in the setting of @entity6 .

title: Hydrogen sulfide provides cardioprotection against @entity741 reperfusion @entity130 in the XXXX state through the activation of the RISK pathway.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity453 remains the principal cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity6 . @entity6 @entity19 display exacerbated @entity130 following @entity741 -reperfusion (MI/R) and are resistant to most therapeutic interventions. We have reported that @entity17122 ( @entity17122 ) therapy confers cardioprotection during MI/R in non- @entity6 @entity19 . Here we tested the hypothesis that @entity17122 therapy would limit the extent of @entity296 following MI/R when administered at the time of reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity6 @entity19 (db/db, 12  weeks of age) were subjected to transient @entity741 for a period of 30  minutes followed by reperfusion up to 24  hours. @entity17122 (0.05 to 1  mg/kg) or saline (vehicle) was administered into the left ventricular lumen at the time of reperfusion. @entity17122 therapy significantly decreased @entity296 in the db/db @entity6 @entity19 , as evidenced by a reduction in @entity1188 size and circulating troponin-I levels. The reduction in @entity296 was also associated with a reduction in oxidative stress and a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 expression. In an effort to evaluate the signaling mechanism responsible for the observed cardioprotection, additional groups of @entity19 were sacrificed during early reperfusion. Hearts were excised and processed for Western blot analysis. These studies revealed that @entity17122 therapy activated the @entity8837 arm of the Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK) pathway. CONCLUSION: These findings provide important information that myocardial @entity8837 activation by @entity17122 therapy following MI/R sets into motion events, which ultimately lead to cardioprotection in the setting of @entity6 .

title: Hydrogen sulfide provides cardioprotection against @entity741 reperfusion XXXX in the @entity6 state through the activation of the RISK pathway.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report 14 @entity1 with immune-mediated relapsing symptoms @entity10926 ( @entity10926 ) and to compare the clinical and immunologic features of the teenage and adult group with those of young @entity1 . METHODS: Prospective observational study of @entity1 diagnosed between June 2013 and February 2015. Immunologic techniques have been reported previously. RESULTS: Among the teenage and adult group (8 @entity1 , median age 40 years, range 13-69; 5 male), 3 had an acute symptom presentation suggesting a viral relapse, and 5 a presentation contiguous with @entity10926 suggesting a recrudescence of previous deficits. Seven @entity1 developed severe @entity146 /behavioral symptoms disrupting all social interactions, and one refractory @entity159 . @entity9663 occurred in one @entity1 . Five @entity1 had CSF antibodies against @entity3391 receptor (NMDAR) and 3 against unknown neuronal cell surface proteins. In 5/6 @entity1 , the brain MRI showed new areas of contrast enhancement that decreased after immunotherapy and clinical improvement. Immunotherapy was useful in 7/7 @entity1 , sometimes with impressive recoveries, returning to their baseline @entity10926 residual deficits. Compared with the 6 younger @entity1 (median age 13 months, range 6-20, all with NMDAR antibodies), the teenagers and adults were less likely to develop @entity8684 (0/8 vs 6/6, p < 0.01) and decreased level of consciousness (2/8 vs 6/6, p < 0.01) and had longer delays in diagnosis and treatment (interval relapse/antibody testing 85 days, range 17-296, vs 4 days, range 0-33, p = 0.037). CONCLUSION: In teenagers and adults, the immune-mediated relapsing syndrome post- @entity10926 is different from that known in young @entity1 as @entity10926 and is underrecognized. Prompt diagnosis is important because immunotherapy can be highly effective.

title: Autoimmune XXXX of adults and teenagers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity8684 :: ('MESH:D001264', 'Disease') :: ['choreoathetosis']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['Blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity10926 :: ('MESH:D020803', 'Disease') :: ['choreoathetosis post-HSE', 'post-herpes simplex encephalitis', 'HSE']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity10926 :: (MESH:D020803,Disease) :: ['post-herpes simplex encephalitis']


abstract: Mallotus philippinensis is an important source of molecules with strong antioxidant activity widely used medicinal plant. Previous studies have highlighted their anticestodal, antibacterial, wound healing activities, and so forth. So, present investigation was designed to evaluate the total antioxidant activity and radical scavenging effect of 50% @entity1068 fruit glandular hair extract ( @entity9236 ) and its role on @entity1 Erythrocytes. @entity9236 was tested for phytochemical test followed by its HPLC analysis. Standard antioxidant assays like DPPH, @entity16376 , @entity3787 , @entity224 radical, @entity842 , and lipid peroxidation assay were determined along with total phenolic and @entity3088 content. Results showed that @entity9236 contains the presence of various phytochemicals, with high total phenolic and @entity3096 content. HPLC analysis showed the presence of @entity12703 , a polyphenolic compound in a very rich quantity. @entity9236 exhibits significant strong scavenging activity on DPPH and @entity16376 assay. Reducing power showed dose dependent increase in concentration absorption compared to standard, @entity3092 . @entity224 , @entity3787 radical, lipid peroxidation, @entity842 assay showed a comparable scavenging activity compared to its standard. Our finding further provides evidence that Mallotus fruit extract is a potential natural source of antioxidants which have a protective role on @entity1 Erythrocytes exhibiting minimum hemolytic activity and this justified its uses in folklore medicines.

title: Antioxidant Capacity and Radical Scavenging Effect of Polyphenol Rich Mallotus philippenensis Fruit Extract on XXXX Erythrocytes: An In Vitro Study.

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity12703 :: ('MESH:C085746', 'Chemical') :: ['rottlerin']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3092 :: ('MESH:D011794', 'Chemical') :: ['Quercetin']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide', 'Superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimizing liposomal vehicles for targeted delivery to the brain has important implications for the treatment of @entity1313 . The promise of efficient, brain-specific delivery of chemotherapeutic compounds via liposomal vehicles has yet to be achieved in clinical practice. Intra-arterial injection of specially designed liposomes may facilitate efficient delivery to the brain and to @entity11 . OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that cationic liposomes may be effectively delivered to both normal and @entity11 -bearing brain tissue utilizing a strategy of intra-arterial injection during transient @entity1779 . METHODS: Cationic, anionic, and neutral liposomes were separately injected via the internal carotid artery of healthy @entity35 during transient @entity1779 . @entity35 bearing C6 @entity11 were similarly injected with cationic liposomes. Liposomes were loaded with @entity71716 whose concentrations can be measured by light absorbance and fluorescence methods. RESULTS: After intra-arterial injection, a robust uptake of cationic in comparison with anionic and neutral liposomes into brain parenchyma was observed by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Postmortem multispectral fluorescence imaging revealed that liposomal cationic charge was associated with more efficient delivery to the brain. Cationic liposomes were also readily observed within @entity11 tissue after intra-arterial injection. However, over time, cationic liposomes were retained longer and at higher concentrations in the surrounding, peritumoral brain than in the @entity5 core. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the feasibility of cationic liposome delivery to brain and @entity11 tissue after intra-arterial injection. Highly cationic liposomes directly delivered to the brain via an intracarotid route may represent an effective method for delivering antiglioma agents. ABBREVIATIONS: Chol, cholesterolDiD, DilC18(5)DMPC, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholineDOTAP, dioleoyl-trimethylammonium-propaneIA, intra-arterialMCA, middle cerebral arteryOP, optical pharmacokineticTCH, transient @entity1779 .

title: Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Assisted Intra-arterial Deposition of Liposomes in Normal and Glioma-Bearing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoperfusion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: @entity694 is one of the leading causes of @entity5 worldwide, and the therapeutic application of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) is limited due to its nonspecificity, low bioavailability, and @entity1445 . The present study is an attempt to improve the chemotherapeutic efficacy of @entity1487 in @entity694 . Therefore, we have prepared @entity1487 -loaded hyaluronic acid (HA)-conjugated @entity3440 nanoparticles (SiNPs) to target to @entity694 cells. In this study, we have showed the specific binding and intracellular accumulation of targeted nanoparticles based on HA surface modifications in @entity694 cells. The particles had spherical shapes with sizes of approximately 130 nm. HA-conjugated nanoparticles showed a sustained release pattern for @entity1487 and continuously released for 120 hours. We have further investigated the @entity137 potential of targeted and nontargeted nanoparticles in colo-205 @entity5 cells. IC50 value of @entity1487 / @entity4023 -conjugated @entity3440 nanoparticles (HSNP) was 0.65   g/mL compared with ~2.8   g/mL for @entity1487 /SNP after 24 hours of incubation. The result clearly showed that HA-conjugated NP was more effective in inducing apoptosis in @entity5 cells than nontargeted NP. The @entity1487 /HSNP showed ~45% of cell apoptosis (early and late apoptosis stage) compared with only 20% for @entity1487 / @entity3440 nanoparticles (SNP)-treated group. The HA-conjugated nanoparticles provide the possibility of efficient drug transport into @entity5 that could effectively reduce the side effects in the normal tissues. @entity1487 /HSNP was highly efficient in suppressing the @entity5 growth in xenograft @entity5 model. The proportion of Ki67 in @entity1487 /HSNP-treated group was significantly lower than that of either free drug or nontargeted SiNPs. Altogether, we have showed that conjugation of HA to SiNPs could result in enhanced uptake of @entity1487 through @entity1759 -mediated endocytosis uptake and could result in significant antitumor efficacy. Thus, @entity1487 /HSNP could be a promising drug delivery system for @entity694 therapy.

title: Hyaluronic acid-tagged @entity3440 nanoparticles in XXXX therapy: therapeutic efficacy evaluation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related death', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: @entity694 is one of the leading causes of @entity5 worldwide, and the therapeutic application of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) is limited due to its nonspecificity, low bioavailability, and @entity1445 . The present study is an attempt to improve the chemotherapeutic efficacy of @entity1487 in @entity694 . Therefore, we have prepared @entity1487 -loaded hyaluronic acid (HA)-conjugated @entity3440 nanoparticles (SiNPs) to target to @entity694 cells. In this study, we have showed the specific binding and intracellular accumulation of targeted nanoparticles based on HA surface modifications in @entity694 cells. The particles had spherical shapes with sizes of approximately 130 nm. HA-conjugated nanoparticles showed a sustained release pattern for @entity1487 and continuously released for 120 hours. We have further investigated the @entity137 potential of targeted and nontargeted nanoparticles in colo-205 @entity5 cells. IC50 value of @entity1487 / @entity4023 -conjugated @entity3440 nanoparticles (HSNP) was 0.65   g/mL compared with ~2.8   g/mL for @entity1487 /SNP after 24 hours of incubation. The result clearly showed that HA-conjugated NP was more effective in inducing apoptosis in @entity5 cells than nontargeted NP. The @entity1487 /HSNP showed ~45% of cell apoptosis (early and late apoptosis stage) compared with only 20% for @entity1487 / @entity3440 nanoparticles (SNP)-treated group. The HA-conjugated nanoparticles provide the possibility of efficient drug transport into @entity5 that could effectively reduce the side effects in the normal tissues. @entity1487 /HSNP was highly efficient in suppressing the @entity5 growth in xenograft @entity5 model. The proportion of Ki67 in @entity1487 /HSNP-treated group was significantly lower than that of either free drug or nontargeted SiNPs. Altogether, we have showed that conjugation of HA to SiNPs could result in enhanced uptake of @entity1487 through @entity1759 -mediated endocytosis uptake and could result in significant antitumor efficacy. Thus, @entity1487 /HSNP could be a promising drug delivery system for @entity694 therapy.

title: Hyaluronic acid-tagged XXXX nanoparticles in @entity694 therapy: therapeutic efficacy evaluation.

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silica']


abstract: Individualized treatment regimens may reduce @entity1 burden with satisfactory @entity1 outcomes in neovascular age-related @entity1020 . Intravitreal anti- @entity7 drugs are the current gold standard. Fixed monthly injections offer the best visual outcome but this regimen is not commonly followed outside clinical trials. A PRN regimen requires monthly visits where the @entity1 is treated in the presence of signs of lesion activity. Therefore, an early detection of reactivation of the disease with immediate retreatment is crucial to prevent visual acuity loss. Several trials suggest that "treat and extend" and other proactive regimens provide a reasonable approach. The rationale of the proactive regimens is to perform treatment anticipating relapses or recurrences and therefore avoid drops in vision while individualizing @entity1 followup. Treat and extend study results in significant direct medical cost savings from fewer treatments and office visits compared to monthly treatment. Current data suggest that, for one year, PRN is less expensive, but treat and extend regimen would likely be less expensive for subsequent years. Once a @entity1 is not a candidate to continue with treatment, he/she should be sent to an outpatient unit with adequate resources to follow nAMD @entity1 in order to reduce the burden of specialized ophthalmologist services.

title: Individualized Therapy with Ranibizumab in Wet Age-Related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['Macular Degeneration']


abstract: Purpose. To determine the intraocular levels of growth factors and cytokines in @entity1 with various degrees of severity of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) using multiplex xMAP technology. Methods. A prospective cohort study of 61 eyes from 56 @entity1 who were divided into 3 groups based on the severity of @entity6 . @entity1 in group number 1 are those who presented @entity6 with no need of repeated surgical intervention; @entity1 in group number 2 had repeated @entity548 ; and @entity1 in group number 3 had @entity2297 . The concentrations of proangiogenic, antiangiogenic, inflammatory, and neurotrophic factors were measured in intraocular fluid. The results were also compared with levels of factors measured in 50 eyes from 50 @entity1 prior to senile @entity231 surgery (control group). Results. @entity1 with @entity2297 (the highest clinical severity group) had higher levels of @entity650 ( @entity650 ) (median1 37.19; median3 384.74; P = .00096), @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) (median1 49.00; median3 414.40; P = .0017), and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) (median1 211.62; median3 352.82; P = .0454) compared with other @entity6 @entity1 . Conclusions. Results of our study imply that levels of @entity650 , @entity2533 , and @entity7 correlate with the severity of @entity6 .

title: The Measurement of Intraocular Biomarkers in Various Stages of Proliferative XXXX Using Multiplex xMAP Technology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'PDR']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGFb-1', 'transforming growth factor beta 1']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['refractory neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated that @entity52088 , a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6, improves survival, and increases circulating monocyte count and bacterial clearance in a lethal model of @entity1588 ( @entity1588 ) in @entity19 . The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of inhibition of @entity60192 on the bone marrow cell population. METHODS: C57BL/6J @entity19 were subjected to @entity1588 , and 1 h later given an intraperitoneal injection of either @entity52088 (70 mg/kg) dissolved in @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), or @entity3733 alone (n=9/group). Sham-operated animals were treated in an identical fashion, without @entity1588 . Forty-eight hours later, bone marrow cells were flushed out from the femurs and @entity2091 . Erythrocytes were lysed, and a single-cell suspension was made for analysis. Cells were washed, blocked with anti-mouse @entity37871 /32, stained with anti-mouse B220 PE-Cy7, CD3 APC-eFluor   780, @entity3804 @entity2823 , Gr-1 PerCP-Cy5.5 and F4/80 Antigen APC, and subjected to flow cytometry. Data was acquired on an LSRII Flow Cytometer (BD Biosciences) and analyzed with FlowJo (Flowjo, LLC). RESULTS: In comparison to the sham group, @entity1588 animals showed decreased percentage of innate immune cells ( @entity3804 +; 62.1  3.1 vs. 32.9  4.9%, p=0.0025) and macrophages ( @entity3804 + F4/80+; 44.6  3.4 vs. 19.8  2.6%, p=0.0002), and increased percentage of T lymphocytes (CD3+; 1.1  0.2 vs. 3.3  0.4%, p=0.0082) in the bone marrow 48 h after @entity1588 . Treatment with @entity52088 restored the innate immune cells (32.9  4.9 vs. 54.0  4.1%, p=0.0112) and macrophages (19.8  2.6 vs. 47.1  4.6%, p=0.0001), and increased the percentage of neutrophils ( @entity3804 + Gr-1+; 28.4  3.9 vs. 48.0  4.0%, p=0.0075). The percentages of B (B220+) and T lymphocytes were not significantly altered by @entity52088 , compared to the vehicle-treated @entity1588 animals. CONCLUSIONS: Selective inhibition of @entity60192 in this lethal septic model restored the innate immune cell and macrophage populations, and increased the neutrophil composition in the bone marrow. These results may explain the previously reported beneficial effects of @entity52088 treatment in a septic model. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: not applicable (animal study).

title: Inhibition of XXXX restores innate immune cells in bone marrow in a lethal septic model.

entities_list: @entity52088 :: ('MESH:C553587', 'Chemical') :: ['Tubastatin A']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity1588 :: ('MESH:D002429', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'cecal ligation and puncture']

answer: @entity60192 :: (15185(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['histone deacetylase 6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: External tibial torsion (ETT) is a common @entity85 in @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ). The current recommended treatment is @entity4957 ( @entity4957 ) to improve gait biomechanics. Satisfactory short-term results after @entity4957 have been reported but long-term results have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome following @entity4957 to correct ETT in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity306 . METHODS: Following IRB approval, gait kinematics and passive range of motion measurements were retrospectively evaluated in @entity1 with @entity306 who underwent @entity4957 due to ETT comparing preoperative (E0), short-term postoperative (E1; 1 to 3 y post), and long-term postoperative (E2; >5 y post) results. Limbs were categorized as corrected, undercorrected, or overcorrected at both @entity4803 , by comparing mean tibial rotation (MTR) in gait to a group of typically developing @entity1 . Age at surgery, E0 MTR, E0 gait velocity, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) score, and @entity5109 were evaluated to determine their influence on long-term results. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 43 legs (with @entity10819 ) and 22 legs (with E0, E1, and E2). The mean age at surgery was 10.3  3.4 years (range, 6 to 19.2 y). In the group MTR trended toward improvement moving from -26  17 degrees (E0, external negative) to -16  16 degrees (E1) and relapsed to -23  17 degrees at the long term (P=0.071, E0/E1; P=0.589, E0/E2). Improvement was also seen in the @entity2270 (P=0.074), mean @entity717 , and mean foot orientation (P<0.05, E0/E2). At the long-term evaluation, 16 legs (37%) were found to be in the kinematic corrected group, 25 legs (58%) in the kinematic undercorrected group, and 2 legs (5%) in the kinematic overcorrected group. There were no significant differences between the corrected and undercorrected groups of @entity1 with respect to age at surgery, GMFCS, E0 MTR, gait velocity, or @entity5109 . CONCLUSIONS: Although internal @entity4957 improves ETT in the short term, recurrence is frequent with an apparent developmental trend toward external rotation of the tibia. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-therapeutic study.

title: Long-term Outcome of Internal Tibial Derotation Osteotomies in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ankle rotation']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['TDO', 'tibial derotation osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['transmalleolar axis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['bony deformity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'spastic CP', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: External tibial torsion (ETT) is a common @entity85 in @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ). The current recommended treatment is @entity4957 ( @entity4957 ) to improve gait biomechanics. Satisfactory short-term results after @entity4957 have been reported but long-term results have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome following @entity4957 to correct ETT in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity306 . METHODS: Following IRB approval, gait kinematics and passive range of motion measurements were retrospectively evaluated in @entity1 with @entity306 who underwent @entity4957 due to ETT comparing preoperative (E0), short-term postoperative (E1; 1 to 3 y post), and long-term postoperative (E2; >5 y post) results. Limbs were categorized as corrected, undercorrected, or overcorrected at both @entity4803 , by comparing mean tibial rotation (MTR) in gait to a group of typically developing @entity1 . Age at surgery, E0 MTR, E0 gait velocity, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) score, and @entity5109 were evaluated to determine their influence on long-term results. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 43 legs (with @entity10819 ) and 22 legs (with E0, E1, and E2). The mean age at surgery was 10.3  3.4 years (range, 6 to 19.2 y). In the group MTR trended toward improvement moving from -26  17 degrees (E0, external negative) to -16  16 degrees (E1) and relapsed to -23  17 degrees at the long term (P=0.071, E0/E1; P=0.589, E0/E2). Improvement was also seen in the @entity2270 (P=0.074), mean @entity717 , and mean foot orientation (P<0.05, E0/E2). At the long-term evaluation, 16 legs (37%) were found to be in the kinematic corrected group, 25 legs (58%) in the kinematic undercorrected group, and 2 legs (5%) in the kinematic overcorrected group. There were no significant differences between the corrected and undercorrected groups of @entity1 with respect to age at surgery, GMFCS, E0 MTR, gait velocity, or @entity5109 . CONCLUSIONS: Although internal @entity4957 improves ETT in the short term, recurrence is frequent with an apparent developmental trend toward external rotation of the tibia. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-therapeutic study.

title: Long-term Outcome of Internal Tibial Derotation Osteotomies in XXXX With @entity306 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Thymosin alpha1 (Ta1) is considered a promising immunomodulatory drug. However, it is still unclear whether Ta1 should be recommended for the management of @entity295 . Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of Ta1 based immunomodulatory therapy on the clinical outcomes of septic @entity1 . METHODS: We searched for relevant clinical trials published before Dec. 12, 2014 through electronic databases. All articles about Ta1 based immunomodulatory therapy for @entity295 were included regardless of language. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed the quality of each included study. We polled the data related to all-cause mortality with Review Manager 5.1. RESULTS: Twelve controlled trials were evaluated in all. Ta1 based immunomodulatory therapy had a significant trend toward lower all-cause mortality among @entity1 with @entity295 (pooled risk ratio 0.68, 95%CI 0.59-0.78, p<0.00001, 12 trials, n=1480). CONCLUSIONS: Ta1 based immunomodulatory therapy was associated with a lower mortality in septic @entity1 . Nevertheless, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the poor quality and small number of @entity1 of the included trials. More well-designed worldwide multicenter clinical trials are needed to provide a conclusive guideline for clinical practice.

title: Thymosin alpha1 based immunomodulatory therapy for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: There have been conflicting reports regarding the incidence of @entity137 in @entity1 receiving intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with an extended field covering the para-aortic (PA) lymph nodes for gynecologic @entity5 . We reviewed our experiences and rates of @entity137 in @entity1 treated with extended field IMRT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with either cervical or @entity1204 who were treated with IMRT to the PA nodes for involved lymph nodes or for prophylactic intent between 2005 and 2013 were included. For prophylactic intent, the radiation dose to the PA nodes was 45 Gy in 25 fractions. For involved lymph nodes, a boost was delivered to the gross disease with a 0.7-cm expansion, with editing for critical structures. The entire duodenum was retrospectively contoured on all @entity1 from the gastric outlet to the jejunal transition. RESULTS: We identified 76 eligible @entity1 with @entity1204 . The PA region was treated prophylactically in 46.1% (n = 35) and for involved PA lymph nodes in 53.9% (n = 41). The duodenum was contoured on all @entity1 with a median volume of 83.2 cm(3) (range, 21.2-174.9 cm(3)). The mean volume of duodenum receiving 55 Gy (V55) for those treated prophylactically and for involved PA nodes was 0 cm(3) and 0.8 cm(3) (range, 0-10.6 cm(3)), respectively (P = .014). Specifically, no @entity1 had a V55 >15 cm(3). The mean V40 was 28.3 cm(3) (range, 0-77.3 cm(3)) and 41.4 (range, 0-90.0 cm(3)), respectively (P = .016). The mean dose delivered to 2 cm(3) of the duodenum was 34.9 Gy (range, 0-52.3 Gy) and 50.1 Gy (range, 31.3 - 58.3 Gy), respectively. Grade 3 acute @entity344 was recorded in 3.9% (n = 3) of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the treatment of PA lymph nodes using an IMRT technique is associated with a low @entity137 profile and there has been no high-grade late @entity137 .

title: Extended field intensity modulated radiation therapy for gynecologic @entity5 : Is the risk of XXXX high?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial and cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['duodenal toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: There have been conflicting reports regarding the incidence of @entity137 in @entity1 receiving intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with an extended field covering the para-aortic (PA) lymph nodes for gynecologic @entity5 . We reviewed our experiences and rates of @entity137 in @entity1 treated with extended field IMRT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with either cervical or @entity1204 who were treated with IMRT to the PA nodes for involved lymph nodes or for prophylactic intent between 2005 and 2013 were included. For prophylactic intent, the radiation dose to the PA nodes was 45 Gy in 25 fractions. For involved lymph nodes, a boost was delivered to the gross disease with a 0.7-cm expansion, with editing for critical structures. The entire duodenum was retrospectively contoured on all @entity1 from the gastric outlet to the jejunal transition. RESULTS: We identified 76 eligible @entity1 with @entity1204 . The PA region was treated prophylactically in 46.1% (n = 35) and for involved PA lymph nodes in 53.9% (n = 41). The duodenum was contoured on all @entity1 with a median volume of 83.2 cm(3) (range, 21.2-174.9 cm(3)). The mean volume of duodenum receiving 55 Gy (V55) for those treated prophylactically and for involved PA nodes was 0 cm(3) and 0.8 cm(3) (range, 0-10.6 cm(3)), respectively (P = .014). Specifically, no @entity1 had a V55 >15 cm(3). The mean V40 was 28.3 cm(3) (range, 0-77.3 cm(3)) and 41.4 (range, 0-90.0 cm(3)), respectively (P = .016). The mean dose delivered to 2 cm(3) of the duodenum was 34.9 Gy (range, 0-52.3 Gy) and 50.1 Gy (range, 31.3 - 58.3 Gy), respectively. Grade 3 acute @entity344 was recorded in 3.9% (n = 3) of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the treatment of PA lymph nodes using an IMRT technique is associated with a low @entity137 profile and there has been no high-grade late @entity137 .

title: Extended field intensity modulated radiation therapy for gynecologic XXXX : Is the risk of @entity137 high?

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Nonspecific clinical symptoms frequently lead to suspicion of @entity2348 in critically ill @entity1 . Clinicians send bacterial cultures for suspected @entity281 and begin an empiric course of antibiotics while microbiology results are pending. We investigated whether the biomarker @entity1904 could be useful to predict confirmed @entity2348 in critically ill @entity1 in the PICU, before culture results are available. DESIGN: Prospective, blinded single-center study. SETTING: Tertiary PICU and cardiothoracic ICU. @entity1 : There were one hundred forty-four @entity1 with suspected @entity2348 that had bacterial cultures sent by clinicians. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1904 samples were obtained at three time intervals: as close to the time of the initial culture as possible (up to 12 hr after) and 24 and 72 hours after the initial culture. @entity1 were stratified into clinical outcome groups based on microbiology results and clinical symptoms using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. These assignments were blinded to @entity1904 levels. Primary outcome was the presence of culture-proven @entity2348 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in initial and subsequent median @entity1904 values between @entity1 with confirmed @entity2348 and @entity1 with low suspicion of @entity2348 (p < 0.02). However, there was extremely high variability in @entity1904 values among all groups. @entity1904 had only a fair ability to predict @entity2348 , with area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic plots ranging between 0.63 and 0.71. When using serial @entity1904 values to predict @entity2348 were near 1 and negative likelihood ratios were between 0.3 and 0.4. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1904 levels were higher in @entity1 with documented confirmed @entity2348 as compared with those with low suspicion of @entity281 . However, neither single nor serial @entity1904 measurements were able to predict the presence or absence of confirmed @entity2348 with enough certainty to be clinically useful as to recommend initiating or withholding antibiotics.

title: XXXX to Detect Suspected Bacterial Infections in the PICU.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin', 'Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'bacterial infection', 'bacterial infection, positive likelihood ratios']

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['Procalcitonin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the 10-year results of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for @entity9042 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany. DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. METHODS: The study included eyes treated for progressive @entity9042 from 2000 to 2004. Corneal collagen crosslinking was performed by applying @entity8728 and ultraviolet-A. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), corneal topography, and endothelial cell count (ECC) were recorded preoperatively and 10  years postoperatively. RESULTS: The study enrolled 24 @entity1 (34 eyes). The mean age of the 18 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 was 28.4 years      7.3 (SD) and the mean follow-up, 131.9      20.1  months. The mean apical keratometry (K) value was 61.5 diopters (D) preoperatively and 55.3 D 10  years postoperatively; the decrease was statistically significant (P<.001). The mean values for maximum K (53.2 D and 49.56 D, respectively) and minimum K (47.5 D and 45.5 D, respectively) were also significantly lower (P<.001). The preoperative and postoperative CDVA were statistically significantly different (P=.002). The mean CDVA improved by 0.14 logMAR over preoperatively; the change was statistically significant (P=.002). The ECC was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal CXL was effective in treating progressive @entity9042 , achieving long-term stabilization of the condition. It was easy to perform, had a good safety profile, and reduced the need for corneal transplantation. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Corneal collagen crosslinking with  @entity8728 and ultraviolet-A light in  progressive XXXX : Ten-year results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the 10-year results of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) for @entity9042 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Dresden, Germany. DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. METHODS: The study included eyes treated for progressive @entity9042 from 2000 to 2004. Corneal collagen crosslinking was performed by applying @entity8728 and ultraviolet-A. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), corneal topography, and endothelial cell count (ECC) were recorded preoperatively and 10  years postoperatively. RESULTS: The study enrolled 24 @entity1 (34 eyes). The mean age of the 18 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 was 28.4 years      7.3 (SD) and the mean follow-up, 131.9      20.1  months. The mean apical keratometry (K) value was 61.5 diopters (D) preoperatively and 55.3 D 10  years postoperatively; the decrease was statistically significant (P<.001). The mean values for maximum K (53.2 D and 49.56 D, respectively) and minimum K (47.5 D and 45.5 D, respectively) were also significantly lower (P<.001). The preoperative and postoperative CDVA were statistically significantly different (P=.002). The mean CDVA improved by 0.14 logMAR over preoperatively; the change was statistically significant (P=.002). The ECC was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal CXL was effective in treating progressive @entity9042 , achieving long-term stabilization of the condition. It was easy to perform, had a good safety profile, and reduced the need for corneal transplantation. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Corneal collagen crosslinking with  XXXX and ultraviolet-A light in  progressive @entity9042 : Ten-year results.

answer: @entity8728 :: (MESH:D012256,Chemical) :: ['riboflavin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare by age the safety, efficacy, and @entity1 satisfaction after simultaneous laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and small-aperture corneal inlay implantation (Kamra) for hyperopic @entity10818 . SETTING: Shinagawa LASIK Center, Tokyo, Japan. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative cohort study. METHODS: Simultaneous LASIK and small-aperture corneal inlay implantation were performed in the nondominant eye of hyperopic presbyopic @entity1 with @entity940 . @entity1 were divided into groups by age as follows: Group 1 (40 to 49  years), Group 2 (50 to 59  years), and Group 3 (60 to 65  years). The uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuities, uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), and @entity1 questionnaire results were compared. RESULTS: The study evaluated 277 eyes of 277 @entity1 . All groups achieved a mean UDVA of 20/20, with Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 gaining 1 line, 2 lines, and 3 lines, respectively. The mean UNVA was J2 with 4 lines gained in Group 1 and J3 with 5 lines gained in Group 2 and Group 3. The mean CDVA and corrected near visual acuity remained the same as at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous LASIK and small-aperture corneal inlay implantation for hyperopic @entity10818 was a safe and effective treatment option. Although the outcomes were comparable between groups, Group 3 had the largest gain in UDVA and UNVA and the highest @entity1 satisfaction, despite having the lowest reduction in dependence on reading glasses. Taking age into account might help achieve optimum postoperative outcomes and improved @entity1 satisfaction. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Dr. Tomita is a consultant to Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG, Acufocus, Inc., and Schwind eye-tech-solutions GmbH and Co. KG. Dr. Waring is a consultant to Acufocus, Inc.

title: One-year results of simultaneous laser in situ keratomileusis and small-aperture corneal inlay implantation for hyperopic XXXX : Comparison by age.

entities_list: @entity10818 :: ('MESH:D011305', 'Disease') :: ['presbyopia']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity10818 :: (MESH:D011305,Disease) :: ['presbyopia']