abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 Care in American Samoa (DCAS) was a randomized controlled trial of a 12-month intervention facilitated by @entity497 ( @entity497 ) that demonstrated improved HbA1c levels compared with usual care at trial completion. We sought to evaluate the long-term impact of this intervention on @entity6 control. METHODS: We retrospectively collected HbA1c measurements from medical records of DCAS @entity1 (n = 268). The study group received the intervention during the trial, and the control group received the intervention after the trial. We used mixed-effects longitudinal regression models to assess change in @entity4051 c within each trial arm during 3 time periods: DCAS (12 months of the study group's intervention), the first year after DCAS (control group's intervention), and the second year after DCAS. Models were adjusted for baseline characteristics that differed significantly for @entity1 with a low number of HbA1c measurements from those with a high number of @entity4051 c measurements. RESULTS: After adjustment for confounders, the experiment group experienced a decrease in @entity4051 c of 0.28 units per year (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.64 to 0.07) during DCAS (intervention). HbA1c decreased by 0.88 units per year (95% CI, -1.31 to -0.45) during the year after the intervention. No significant change was observed the following year. HbA1c of the control group did not significantly change during DCAS (usual care) but decreased by 1.31 units per year (95% CI, -1.72 to -0.91) during its intervention. During the year after the control group's intervention, HbA1c increased by 1.18 units per year (95% CI, 0.42 to 1.93). CONCLUSION: Both groups had initial improvements in glycemic control, but HbA1c later plateaued or increased. These results suggest that time-limited CHW programs improve @entity6 control in the short term, but ongoing programs are needed for sustained impact.

title: Long-Term Impact of a Community Health Worker Intervention on XXXX Control in American Samoa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community health workers', 'CHWs']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the in  vitro characteristics of Tenon's capsule fibroblasts from @entity1 and adults that may be relevant to filtration surgery success. METHODS: Fibroblast cell lines derived from 5 young (median @entity1 age, 2.4  years) and 7 old (median @entity1 age, 71 years) discarded Tenon's capsule surgical specimens were used at early passage (P2-P3). Fibroblasts were plated at "high" (10(4)cells/cm(2)) or "low" density (10(3)cells/cm(2)) and harvested at days 0-14, for growth curve and doubling time comparisons. Migration was measured using a wound model (confluent monolayers    @entity1487 [ @entity1487 ] over 1-96 hours). Collagen synthesis was measured as secreted @entity720 /24 hours from confluent monolayers. RESULTS: At low density, "young" fibroblasts achieved higher cell numbers at confluence (day 14) compared with "old": 158    35 versus 105    12 * 10(3)cells/cm(2) (P = 0.0034). Mean doubling time for young versus old was similar at low density plating: 20.95    1.55 versus 22.37    2.09 hours (P = 0.26). It was shorter, however, for young versus old at high-density plating: 42.11    6.01 versus 54.26    4.24 hours (P = 0.0051). Wound closure rates were similar for young versus old cells (4 lines for each group) with and without @entity1487 . Collagen synthesis was similar for young and old (4 lines for each group). CONCLUSIONS: Although young fibroblasts reached higher density than old at confluence and had shorter doubling times at high-density plating, wound closure/migration and collagen synthesis rates were similar. Despite the preliminary nature of this study (few specimens, limited cell features explored), factors besides those intrinsic to the fibroblasts themselves likely mediate the more rapid healing/scarring after @entity726 filtration surgery in @entity1 .

title: In  vitro characteristics of Tenon's fibroblast lines derived from pediatric and adult eyes do not fully explain pediatric XXXX : a  preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma surgery failure']


abstract: Intranasal @entity2072 ( @entity11718 ) and oral @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) were administered to nine research volunteers during daily experimental sessions. Following the determination of baseline cardiovascular indexes, an @entity167 cocktail (0, 19.4, 38.7, or 58.1 g of @entity167 in lemonade) was consumed over a ten-minute period. @entity2072 (4, 48, 96 mg) was inhaled 25 minutes after the start of @entity167 drinking. Breath samples were collected 50 minutes after the start of @entity167 drinking to estimate blood @entity167 level (BAL). The effect of these doses, alone and in combination, on @entity551 (BP), while resting and while performing a serial acquisition task, were determined. @entity11718 and @entity167 alone significantly increased HR up to 6 bpm without affecting BP. Combining the two highest doses of @entity11718 with the highest BAL increased HR by 20 bpm. During task performance, in the absence of drug, HR was increased up to 5 bpm, and BP was unchanged. Combining the highest @entity11718 dose and BAL with task performance increased HR by 40 bpm. Small increases in BP were also observed under these conditions. These results indicate that combinations of @entity167 , @entity11718 and task performance produce greater increases in HR than BP, and, in addition, this increase in HR is greater than that observed following @entity11718 , @entity167 , or task performance alone.

title: @entity1068 and XXXX interactions in humans: cardiovascular consequences.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'ETOH']

entities_list: @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['cocaine', 'Cocaine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate (HR) and blood pressure']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: Intranasal @entity2072 ( @entity11718 ) and oral @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) were administered to nine research volunteers during daily experimental sessions. Following the determination of baseline cardiovascular indexes, an @entity167 cocktail (0, 19.4, 38.7, or 58.1 g of @entity167 in lemonade) was consumed over a ten-minute period. @entity2072 (4, 48, 96 mg) was inhaled 25 minutes after the start of @entity167 drinking. Breath samples were collected 50 minutes after the start of @entity167 drinking to estimate blood @entity167 level (BAL). The effect of these doses, alone and in combination, on @entity551 (BP), while resting and while performing a serial acquisition task, were determined. @entity11718 and @entity167 alone significantly increased HR up to 6 bpm without affecting BP. Combining the two highest doses of @entity11718 with the highest BAL increased HR by 20 bpm. During task performance, in the absence of drug, HR was increased up to 5 bpm, and BP was unchanged. Combining the highest @entity11718 dose and BAL with task performance increased HR by 40 bpm. Small increases in BP were also observed under these conditions. These results indicate that combinations of @entity167 , @entity11718 and task performance produce greater increases in HR than BP, and, in addition, this increase in HR is greater than that observed following @entity11718 , @entity167 , or task performance alone.

title: XXXX and @entity2072 interactions in humans: cardiovascular consequences.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['Ethanol']


abstract: Clinical complications of atherosclerosis are almost exclusively linked to destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque. @entity41844 -dependent dendritic cells specialize in cross-presentation of necrotic tissue-derived epitopes to directly activate cytolytic CD8 Tcells. The mature plaque (necrotic, containing dendritic cells and CD8 Tcells) could offer the ideal environment for cross-presentation, resulting in cytotoxic immunity and plaque destabilization. Ldlr(-/-) @entity19 were transplanted with @entity41844 (-/-) or wt bone marrow and put on a western type diet. Hematopoietic @entity41844 deficiency sharply decreased @entity3414 (+) DC numbers in spleen and lymph nodes (>80%; P   <   0,001). Concordantly, @entity41844 (-/-) chimeras had a 75% reduction in OT-I cross-priming capacity in vivo. @entity41844 (-/-) chimeric @entity19 did not show lower Tcell or other leukocyte subset numbers. Despite dampened cross-presentation capacity, @entity41844 (-/-) chimeras had equal atherosclerosis burden in aortic arch and root. Likewise, @entity41844 (-/-) chimeras and wt @entity19 revealed no differences in parameters of plaque stability: plaque Tcell infiltration, cell death, collagen composition, and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell content were unchanged. These results show that @entity3414 (+) DC loss in hyperlipidemic @entity19 profoundly reduces cross-priming ability, nevertheless it does not influence lesion development. Taken together, we clearly demonstrate that @entity3414 (+) DC-mediated cross-presentation does not significantly contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation and stability.

title: Ablation of XXXX (+) dendritic cell mediated cross-presentation does not impact atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic @entity19 .

answer: @entity3414 :: (12525(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD8a']


abstract: Clinical complications of atherosclerosis are almost exclusively linked to destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque. @entity41844 -dependent dendritic cells specialize in cross-presentation of necrotic tissue-derived epitopes to directly activate cytolytic CD8 Tcells. The mature plaque (necrotic, containing dendritic cells and CD8 Tcells) could offer the ideal environment for cross-presentation, resulting in cytotoxic immunity and plaque destabilization. Ldlr(-/-) @entity19 were transplanted with @entity41844 (-/-) or wt bone marrow and put on a western type diet. Hematopoietic @entity41844 deficiency sharply decreased @entity3414 (+) DC numbers in spleen and lymph nodes (>80%; P   <   0,001). Concordantly, @entity41844 (-/-) chimeras had a 75% reduction in OT-I cross-priming capacity in vivo. @entity41844 (-/-) chimeric @entity19 did not show lower Tcell or other leukocyte subset numbers. Despite dampened cross-presentation capacity, @entity41844 (-/-) chimeras had equal atherosclerosis burden in aortic arch and root. Likewise, @entity41844 (-/-) chimeras and wt @entity19 revealed no differences in parameters of plaque stability: plaque Tcell infiltration, cell death, collagen composition, and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell content were unchanged. These results show that @entity3414 (+) DC loss in hyperlipidemic @entity19 profoundly reduces cross-priming ability, nevertheless it does not influence lesion development. Taken together, we clearly demonstrate that @entity3414 (+) DC-mediated cross-presentation does not significantly contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation and stability.

title: Ablation of @entity3414 (+) dendritic cell mediated cross-presentation does not impact atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: We assessed the utility of noninvasive methods for clinical decision-making in @entity543 . We compared the results from magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), carotid ultrasound (CUS), and conventional carotid angiography (CCA) for 39 arteries. Noninvasive studies were graded by a 5-point diameter scale. Conventional angiograms were evaluated for percent @entity850 using the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria and diameter of residual lumen by caliper. Agreement was 64% between MRA and CCA, 72% between CUS and CCA, and 77% between MRA and CUS. For vessels measuring greater than 60% @entity850 by CCA, sensitivity was 100% for both MRA and CUS. Specificities were 65% (MRA) and 71% (CUS), reflecting the tendency for MRA and CUS to overestimate @entity850 . MRA and CUS correlated with residual lumen, even in some cases where they disagreed with the percent @entity850 . We conclude that @entity1 with normal arteries or mild @entity850 as determined by MRA and CUS may be excluded from further evaluation, whereas @entity1 with highergrade lesions should be evaluated with CCA prior to consideration for surgery. Close correlation between the results of MRA and CUS, as well as their apparent correlation with residual lumen, suggests that MRA and CUS may more accurately reflect carotid flow than does calculated percent @entity850 .

title: Utility of magnetic resonance angiography and carotid ultrasound in the evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid stenosis']


abstract: The results of unenhanced computed tomography (CT) obtained in 105 consecutive @entity1 admitted with @entity385 were compared with the @entity1 ' clinical outcome and their Glasgow Outcome Scores upon discharge. Specific analysis of the findings in @entity1 with early admission CT (within 12 h of onset) was carried out. The size of the @entity1188 was calculated from delayed CT images (small if less than 50 mm(3); moderate if 50-250 mm(3); large if greater than 250 mm(3)). Initial CT demonstration of the @entity385 was accomplished in 57 (54.3%) @entity1 . Forty @entity1 were studied early (<12h) and, of these, 20 (50%) showed abnormal admission CT. The size of the @entity1188 correlated with its demonstration by admission CT. This correlation was found in all @entity1 (p < 0.0001), as well as in those who had early CT (p = 0.015). Also, the size of the @entity1188 correlated with the outcome of the @entity1 (p < 0.001). The demonstration of the lesion by early CT, however, failed to correlate with the outcome of the @entity1 . This finding, although at first surprising, is analogous to reports addressing the predictive value of other CT parameters.

title: Early computed tomography demonstration of XXXX does not correlate with clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) results in a significant reduction in both margin involvement and excision volumes (COBALT trial). OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine whether @entity0 also leads to improvements in cosmetic outcome and @entity1 satisfaction when compared with standard @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ). METHODS: A total of 134 @entity1 with T1-T2 @entity0 were included in the COBALT trial (NTR2579) and randomized to either @entity0 (65 @entity1 ) or @entity1104 (69 @entity1 ). Cosmetic outcomes were assessed by a three-member panel using computerized software Breast Cancer Conservative Treatment cosmetic results (BCCT.core) and by @entity1 self-evaluation, including @entity1 satisfaction. Time points for follow-up were 3, 6, and 12  months after surgery. Overall cosmetic outcome and @entity1 satisfaction were scored on a 4-point Likert scale (excellent, good, fair, or poor), and outcomes were analyzed using a multilevel, mixed effect, proportional odds model for ordinal responses. RESULTS: @entity0 achieved better cosmetic outcomes, with 20  % excellence overall and only 6  % rated as poor, whereas 14  % of @entity1104 outcomes were rated excellent and 13  % as poor. @entity0 also had consistently lower odds for worse cosmetic outcomes (odds ratio 0.55, p  =  0.067) than @entity1104 . The chance of having a worse outcome was significantly increased by a larger lumpectomy volume (p trend  =  0.002); a volume >40  cc showed odds 2.78-fold higher for a worse outcome than a volume  <=40  cc. @entity0 resulted in higher @entity1 satisfaction compared with @entity1104 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 achieved better overall cosmetic outcomes and @entity1 satisfaction than @entity1104 . Lumpectomy volumes  >40  cc resulted in significantly worse cosmetic outcomes.

title: Intraoperative Ultrasound Guidance in Breast-Conserving Surgery Improves Cosmetic Outcomes and XXXX Satisfaction: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (COBALT).

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['palpation-guided surgery', 'PGS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['USS', 'Ultrasound-guided breast-conserving surgery', 'invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity6537 is a rare variant of primary @entity706 for which the optimum treatment strategy remains unknown. METHODS: We performed a retrospective single-center study including @entity1 who underwent uniform management from October 2007 in which @entity1 were offered sequential rituximab, @entity1499 , @entity4174 , and @entity1891 (R- @entity6688 ) followed by binocular radiotherapy and consolidative high-dose @entity2592 . RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 with median age 66 years (range, 48-72) were included. All @entity1 received binocular radiotherapy to a median dose of 36 Gy (range, 30.6-39.6) in 20 fractions. Grade 3+ @entity417 , @entity882 , and @entity1398 occurred in 1 (9%), 2 (18%), and 3 (27%) @entity1 , respectively; raised @entity1011 and @entity1897 occurred in 4 (36%) and 3 (27%) @entity1 , respectively. Grade 3+ ocular @entity137 included @entity231 formation and @entity1036 in 6 (54%) and 3 (27%) @entity1 , respectively. Ten @entity1 (91%) achieved complete response and 1 (9%) partial response. After median follow-up of 4.2 years (range, 1.8-7.6), the median progression-free survival was 3.8 years and the estimated 4-year overall survival was 75.8% (95% CI: 30.5%-93.7%). The initial site of disease progression was the CNS in 4 of 7 @entity1 (57%) and within the eye in 3 of 7 (43%). Five @entity1 achieved responses to salvage therapies. CONCLUSIONS: Combined modality treatment with R- @entity6688 , binocular radiation, and high-dose @entity2592 is effective with moderate @entity137 . Both local and CNS relapses occur; however, the achievement of second and subsequent remissions is possible.

title: Intensive chemoimmunotherapy and bilateral globe irradiation as initial therapy for primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity6537 :: ('MESH:D064090', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity6537 :: (MESH:D064090,Disease) :: ['intraocular lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ), a widely used antiepileptic drug, has a narrow therapeutic range of 50-100  g/mL and shows large individual variability. It is very important to monitor the trough concentration of @entity3262 using a reliable method. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ) method for quantification of @entity3262 in human serum and to compare with fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) methods METHODS:: The method included the extraction of @entity3262 in serum by deproteinization with @entity1626 . The analysis was carried out using a EC-C18 column (2.7  m, 4.6 mm*50 mm) under isocratic conditions with a mobile phase of @entity1626 /water (containing 0.1% @entity5189 ) (45/55, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using an electrospary probe in the negative ionization mode. The method was validated by studies of selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability. Furthermore, all the four methods including FPIA, CMIA and @entity2101 were subsequently used to assay the @entity3262 concentration in 498 clinical serum samples collected from @entity1 received @entity3262 . These methods were compared by Deming regression and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: The retention time of @entity3262 was 2.09 minutes. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 1-200  g/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 1  g/mL. The inter- and intra-day precision (RSD %) was less than 4.6 % and 4.5 %, respectively, and the accuracy (RE %) was below 7.9 %. The recoveries and matrix effect of @entity3262 at concentrations of 2, 50 and 160  g/mL met the requirement for the analysis of biological samples. No obvious degradation of @entity3262 was observed under various storage conditions including room temperature for 12h, three freeze-thaw cycles and -20  C for 3 month. Regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficients for the @entity3928 versus FPIA, CMIA, and @entity2101 were 0.989, 0.988 and 0.987 respectively. The results of agreement tests between @entity3928 and other methods showed that the mean difference of @entity3928 and FPIA was -1.4   g/mL and 95% confidence interval of -7.7 to 4.9   g/mL, and the values for @entity3928 and CMIA were -0.8   g/mL and -7.5 to 5.8   g/mL, for @entity3928 and @entity2101 were 1.1   g/mL and -5.7 to 7.9   g/mL. CONCLUSION: The rapid @entity3928 method we developed showed a good analytical performance required for TDM, leading to potential improvements in @entity1 care and laboratory management. Compared to the FPIA, CMIA and @entity2101 methods, the @entity3928 method correlated well and displayed comparable @entity3262 concentrations.

title: Development and validation of a simple and rapid @entity3928 assay for XXXX and its comparison to Immunoassay and @entity2101 methods.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['UPLC-MS', 'ultra performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometry']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high performance liquid-chromatography', 'HPLC']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ), a widely used antiepileptic drug, has a narrow therapeutic range of 50-100  g/mL and shows large individual variability. It is very important to monitor the trough concentration of @entity3262 using a reliable method. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ) method for quantification of @entity3262 in human serum and to compare with fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) methods METHODS:: The method included the extraction of @entity3262 in serum by deproteinization with @entity1626 . The analysis was carried out using a EC-C18 column (2.7  m, 4.6 mm*50 mm) under isocratic conditions with a mobile phase of @entity1626 /water (containing 0.1% @entity5189 ) (45/55, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using an electrospary probe in the negative ionization mode. The method was validated by studies of selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability. Furthermore, all the four methods including FPIA, CMIA and @entity2101 were subsequently used to assay the @entity3262 concentration in 498 clinical serum samples collected from @entity1 received @entity3262 . These methods were compared by Deming regression and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: The retention time of @entity3262 was 2.09 minutes. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 1-200  g/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 1  g/mL. The inter- and intra-day precision (RSD %) was less than 4.6 % and 4.5 %, respectively, and the accuracy (RE %) was below 7.9 %. The recoveries and matrix effect of @entity3262 at concentrations of 2, 50 and 160  g/mL met the requirement for the analysis of biological samples. No obvious degradation of @entity3262 was observed under various storage conditions including room temperature for 12h, three freeze-thaw cycles and -20  C for 3 month. Regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficients for the @entity3928 versus FPIA, CMIA, and @entity2101 were 0.989, 0.988 and 0.987 respectively. The results of agreement tests between @entity3928 and other methods showed that the mean difference of @entity3928 and FPIA was -1.4   g/mL and 95% confidence interval of -7.7 to 4.9   g/mL, and the values for @entity3928 and CMIA were -0.8   g/mL and -7.5 to 5.8   g/mL, for @entity3928 and @entity2101 were 1.1   g/mL and -5.7 to 7.9   g/mL. CONCLUSION: The rapid @entity3928 method we developed showed a good analytical performance required for TDM, leading to potential improvements in @entity1 care and laboratory management. Compared to the FPIA, CMIA and @entity2101 methods, the @entity3928 method correlated well and displayed comparable @entity3262 concentrations.

title: Development and validation of a simple and rapid @entity3928 assay for @entity1092 and its comparison to Immunoassay and XXXX methods.

answer: @entity2101 :: (MESH:C538394,Disease) :: ['HPLC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ), a widely used antiepileptic drug, has a narrow therapeutic range of 50-100  g/mL and shows large individual variability. It is very important to monitor the trough concentration of @entity3262 using a reliable method. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop and validate a rapid @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ) method for quantification of @entity3262 in human serum and to compare with fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) methods METHODS:: The method included the extraction of @entity3262 in serum by deproteinization with @entity1626 . The analysis was carried out using a EC-C18 column (2.7  m, 4.6 mm*50 mm) under isocratic conditions with a mobile phase of @entity1626 /water (containing 0.1% @entity5189 ) (45/55, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using an electrospary probe in the negative ionization mode. The method was validated by studies of selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability. Furthermore, all the four methods including FPIA, CMIA and @entity2101 were subsequently used to assay the @entity3262 concentration in 498 clinical serum samples collected from @entity1 received @entity3262 . These methods were compared by Deming regression and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: The retention time of @entity3262 was 2.09 minutes. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 1-200  g/mL, with a lower limit of quantification of 1  g/mL. The inter- and intra-day precision (RSD %) was less than 4.6 % and 4.5 %, respectively, and the accuracy (RE %) was below 7.9 %. The recoveries and matrix effect of @entity3262 at concentrations of 2, 50 and 160  g/mL met the requirement for the analysis of biological samples. No obvious degradation of @entity3262 was observed under various storage conditions including room temperature for 12h, three freeze-thaw cycles and -20  C for 3 month. Regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficients for the @entity3928 versus FPIA, CMIA, and @entity2101 were 0.989, 0.988 and 0.987 respectively. The results of agreement tests between @entity3928 and other methods showed that the mean difference of @entity3928 and FPIA was -1.4   g/mL and 95% confidence interval of -7.7 to 4.9   g/mL, and the values for @entity3928 and CMIA were -0.8   g/mL and -7.5 to 5.8   g/mL, for @entity3928 and @entity2101 were 1.1   g/mL and -5.7 to 7.9   g/mL. CONCLUSION: The rapid @entity3928 method we developed showed a good analytical performance required for TDM, leading to potential improvements in @entity1 care and laboratory management. Compared to the FPIA, CMIA and @entity2101 methods, the @entity3928 method correlated well and displayed comparable @entity3262 concentrations.

title: Development and validation of a simple and rapid XXXX assay for @entity1092 and its comparison to Immunoassay and @entity2101 methods.

answer: @entity3928 :: (MESH:C536030,Disease) :: ['UPLC-MS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: ICU-acquired @entity425 , comprised @entity3124 and @entity16 , occurs in a significant proportion of @entity3124 adults and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Little is known about ICU-acquired @entity425 among @entity3124 @entity1 . We investigated the incidence of ICU-acquired @entity425 among PICUs participating in the Virtual PICU Systems database. We also sought to identify associated risk factors for ICU-acquired @entity425 and evaluate the hypothesis that ICU-acquired @entity425 is associated with poor clinical outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: PICU. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Virtual PICU System was queried for @entity3124 and @entity16 between January 2009 and November 2013. Demographic, admission, and clinical outcome variables including mechanical ventilation days, PICU length of stay, and discharge disposition were analyzed. The Pediatric Index of Mortality-2 was used to evaluate and control for illness severity and risk of mortality. Among 203,875 admissions, there were 55 cases of @entity3124 reported and no cases of @entity16 , resulting in an incidence of 0.02%. Mechanical ventilation days were higher among @entity1 with ICU-acquired @entity425 versus those who did not develop ICU-acquired @entity425 (31.6    28.9 vs 9.3    20.6; p < 0.001). In our multivariable analysis, when controlling for Pediatric Index of Mortality-2, ICU-acquired @entity425 was more frequently reported in those with admission diagnoses of @entity1576 and @entity281 and the need for mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal life support, and tracheostomy. ICU-acquired @entity425 was associated with a longer PICU length of stay, episodes requiring mechanical ventilation, and discharge to an intermediate, chronic care, and rehabilitation care unit. ICU-acquired @entity425 was not independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: ICU-acquired @entity425 is uncommonly diagnosed among PICU @entity1 reported in Virtual PICU System. ICU-acquired @entity425 is associated with critical care therapies, invasive procedures, and resource utilization. Limitations of our retrospective study include underrecognition of ICU-acquired @entity425 and lack of standardized diagnostic criteria within Virtual PICU System. Prospective studies are needed to better understand the true incidence, risk factors, and clinical course for @entity1 who develop ICU-acquired @entity425 .

title: ICU-Acquired Weakness Is Associated With Differences in Clinical Outcomes in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness myopathy', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['Critically Ill']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: ICU-acquired @entity425 , comprised @entity3124 and @entity16 , occurs in a significant proportion of @entity3124 adults and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Little is known about ICU-acquired @entity425 among @entity3124 @entity1 . We investigated the incidence of ICU-acquired @entity425 among PICUs participating in the Virtual PICU Systems database. We also sought to identify associated risk factors for ICU-acquired @entity425 and evaluate the hypothesis that ICU-acquired @entity425 is associated with poor clinical outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: PICU. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Virtual PICU System was queried for @entity3124 and @entity16 between January 2009 and November 2013. Demographic, admission, and clinical outcome variables including mechanical ventilation days, PICU length of stay, and discharge disposition were analyzed. The Pediatric Index of Mortality-2 was used to evaluate and control for illness severity and risk of mortality. Among 203,875 admissions, there were 55 cases of @entity3124 reported and no cases of @entity16 , resulting in an incidence of 0.02%. Mechanical ventilation days were higher among @entity1 with ICU-acquired @entity425 versus those who did not develop ICU-acquired @entity425 (31.6    28.9 vs 9.3    20.6; p < 0.001). In our multivariable analysis, when controlling for Pediatric Index of Mortality-2, ICU-acquired @entity425 was more frequently reported in those with admission diagnoses of @entity1576 and @entity281 and the need for mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal life support, and tracheostomy. ICU-acquired @entity425 was associated with a longer PICU length of stay, episodes requiring mechanical ventilation, and discharge to an intermediate, chronic care, and rehabilitation care unit. ICU-acquired @entity425 was not independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: ICU-acquired @entity425 is uncommonly diagnosed among PICU @entity1 reported in Virtual PICU System. ICU-acquired @entity425 is associated with critical care therapies, invasive procedures, and resource utilization. Limitations of our retrospective study include underrecognition of ICU-acquired @entity425 and lack of standardized diagnostic criteria within Virtual PICU System. Prospective studies are needed to better understand the true incidence, risk factors, and clinical course for @entity1 who develop ICU-acquired @entity425 .

title: ICU-Acquired Weakness Is Associated With Differences in Clinical Outcomes in @entity3124 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity16903 ( @entity23551 )-based electrodes are promising candidates for energy storage, but their cycle life remains poor. Recent work suggests that secondary interactions may enhance @entity16903 's electrochemical stability and cycle life, but evidence to date is not conclusive. Here, we investigate spray-assisted layer-by-layer assemblies containing @entity16903 nanofibers ( @entity23551 NFs) or conventional @entity23551 and @entity3880 ( @entity3880 ), which provides @entity3884 bonding and electrostatic interactions. This spray-on approach may be suitable for the deposition of @entity23551 onto a variety of surfaces. The effects of @entity23551 type, @entity3880 pH, and @entity3880 molecular weight on the growth behavior, conductivity, and electrochemical performance are examined. It is shown that LbL films with @entity23551 NFs, higher molecular weight @entity3880 , and lower @entity3880 pH yield the thickest films, whereas the thinnest films come from conventional @entity23551 assembled under similar conditions. Electron microscopy imaging and density measurements show that LbL films containing @entity23551 NFs are very porous, whereas those containing conventional @entity23551 are very dense (0.28 vs 1.33 g/cm(3), respectively). The difference in density dramatically affects the electrochemical properties in terms of capacity and long-term cycling behavior. Upon extended cycling, @entity23551 NFs alone rapidly lose their electrochemical activity. On the other hand, @entity23551 NF-based LbL films exhibited somewhat enhanced stability, and @entity23551 -based LbL films were exceptionally stable, maintaining 94.7% of their capacity after 1000 cycles when cycled up to 4.2 V vs @entity8357 / @entity8357 . These results show that secondary interactions from @entity3880 enhance stability, as does the selection of @entity23551 type and the electrode's density.

title: Spray-On @entity16903 / XXXX Electrodes with Enhanced Electrochemical Stability.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity16903 :: ('MESH:C416807', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyaniline', 'polyaniline']

entities_list: @entity3880 :: ('CHEBI:51133', 'Chemical') :: ['PAA', 'poly(acrylic acid)']

answer: @entity3880 :: (CHEBI:51133,Chemical) :: ['Poly(acrylic acid)']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity16903 ( @entity23551 )-based electrodes are promising candidates for energy storage, but their cycle life remains poor. Recent work suggests that secondary interactions may enhance @entity16903 's electrochemical stability and cycle life, but evidence to date is not conclusive. Here, we investigate spray-assisted layer-by-layer assemblies containing @entity16903 nanofibers ( @entity23551 NFs) or conventional @entity23551 and @entity3880 ( @entity3880 ), which provides @entity3884 bonding and electrostatic interactions. This spray-on approach may be suitable for the deposition of @entity23551 onto a variety of surfaces. The effects of @entity23551 type, @entity3880 pH, and @entity3880 molecular weight on the growth behavior, conductivity, and electrochemical performance are examined. It is shown that LbL films with @entity23551 NFs, higher molecular weight @entity3880 , and lower @entity3880 pH yield the thickest films, whereas the thinnest films come from conventional @entity23551 assembled under similar conditions. Electron microscopy imaging and density measurements show that LbL films containing @entity23551 NFs are very porous, whereas those containing conventional @entity23551 are very dense (0.28 vs 1.33 g/cm(3), respectively). The difference in density dramatically affects the electrochemical properties in terms of capacity and long-term cycling behavior. Upon extended cycling, @entity23551 NFs alone rapidly lose their electrochemical activity. On the other hand, @entity23551 NF-based LbL films exhibited somewhat enhanced stability, and @entity23551 -based LbL films were exceptionally stable, maintaining 94.7% of their capacity after 1000 cycles when cycled up to 4.2 V vs @entity8357 / @entity8357 . These results show that secondary interactions from @entity3880 enhance stability, as does the selection of @entity23551 type and the electrode's density.

title: Spray-On XXXX / @entity3880 Electrodes with Enhanced Electrochemical Stability.

answer: @entity16903 :: (MESH:C416807,Chemical) :: ['Polyaniline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity26977 is one of the most proficient cellulose degrading bacteria among all mesophilic organisms in the rumen of herbivores, the molecular mechanism behind cellulose degradation by this bacterium is not fully elucidated. Previous studies have indicated that cell surface proteins might play a role in adhesion to and subsequent degradation of cellulose in this bacterium. It has also been suggested that cellulose degradation machinery on the surface may be selectively expressed in response to the presence of cellulose. Based on the genome sequence, several models of cellulose degradation have been suggested. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the cell envelope proteins in adhesion to cellulose and to gain a better understanding of the subsequent cellulose degradation mechanism in this bacterium. Comparative analysis of the surface (exposed outer membrane) chemistry of the cells grown in @entity413 , acid-swollen cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose using physico-chemical characterisation techniques such as electrophoretic mobility analysis, microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons assay and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, suggest that adhesion to cellulose is a consequence of an @entity101 and a concomitant reduction in the cell surface polysaccharides in the presence of cellulose. In order to gain further understanding of the molecular mechanism of cellulose degradation in this bacterium, the cell envelope-associated proteins were enriched using affinity purification and identified by tandem mass spectrometry. In total, 185 cell envelope-associated proteins were confidently identified. Of these, 25 proteins are predicted to be involved in cellulose adhesion and degradation, and 43 proteins are involved in solute transport and energy generation. Our results supports the model that cellulose degradation in @entity15898 occurs at the outer membrane with active transport of cellodextrins across for further metabolism of @entity71162 to @entity413 in the periplasmic space and inner cytoplasmic membrane.

title: Influence of Substrates on the Surface Characteristics and Membrane Proteome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in protein display']

entities_list: @entity26977 :: ('59374', 'Species') :: ['Fibrobacter succinogenes S85']

entities_list: @entity71162 :: ('CHEBI:3523', 'Chemical') :: ['cellodextrins']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity15898 :: ('833', 'Species') :: ['F. succinogenes']

answer: @entity26977 :: (59374,Species) :: ['Fibrobacter succinogenes S85']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This case report (supplement registry study) evaluated subjects with @entity158 'stress' @entity625 of the hand mainly localized at the joints. The @entity1 received a suggestion to follow a rehabilitation plan (standard management; SM). A second group also used the same SM in association with the oral, pharma-standard supplement FlexiQule (Alchem) a new standardized, phytosomal preparation manufactured from the Boswellia plant, which can be used for self-management in inflammatory conditions (150 mg / 3 times daily). The two resulting registry groups included 12 subjects using SM+Flexiqule and and 11 controls (SM only). The groups were comparable. Serology showed no significant alterations: only ESR was slightly elevated (minimal elevation). After 2 weeks, the ESR was normal in the supplement group and mildly elevated in controls (p<0.05%). The decrease in hypertermic areas was greater/faster (p<0.05) in the supplement group. The identification of a working stress and the localization to the dominant hand was comparable in both groups. At 2 weeks, the decrease in @entity158 was significantly faster and more important with the supplement (p<0.05). The hand became more usable in time and the score was better with the supplement (p<0.05). No supplemented @entity1 had to use other drugs, while in the control group 3 subjects eventually used NSAIDs to control @entity158 and stiffness and one used @entity288 . In conclusion, the natural extract Flexiqule was effective in controlling work-related stress @entity625 (without inflamma  tory signs) over a 2 weeks period, better than only Standard Management. More prolonged and larger studies are needed.

title: Hand 'stress' XXXX in young subjects: effects of Flexiqule (pharma-standard Boswellia extract). A preliminary case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity170 in treatment-na  ve postmenopausal @entity1 , their treatment adherence, and the risk factors for @entity170 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of bone density reports, a self-administered health checklist, and computerised consultation records. SETTING: Primary care sexual and reproductive health service in Hong Kong. @entity1 : Postmenopausal Chinese @entity1 who had never received @entity170 treatment or hormone replacement therapy. INTERVENTION: Each @entity1 completed a checklist of risk factors for @entity170 , menopause age, history of hormone replacement therapy, and @entity170 treatment prior to undergoing bone mineral density measurement at the postero-anterior lumbar spine and left femur. The consultation records of those with @entity170 were reviewed to determine their treatment adherence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: T-score at the spine and hip, presence or absence of risk factors for @entity170 , and treatment adherence. RESULTS: Between January 2008 and December 2011, 1507 densitometries were performed for eligible @entity1 ; 51.6% of whom were diagnosed with @entity2331 and 25.7% with @entity170 . The mean age of @entity1 with normal bone mineral density, @entity2331 , and @entity170 was 57.0, 58.0, and 59.7 years, respectively. Approximately half of them had an inadequate dietary @entity460 intake, performed insufficient weight-bearing exercise, or had too little sun exposure. Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, body mass index of <18.5 kg/m(2), parental history of @entity170 or @entity173 , and duration of menopause were significant risk factors for @entity170 . Among those with @entity170 , 42.9% refused treatment, 30.7% complied with treatment, and 26.3% discontinued treatment or defaulted from follow-up. Those who refused treatment were significantly older. CONCLUSIONS: @entity170 is prevalent in postmenopausal @entity1 . Only 50% adopted primary prevention strategies. Almost 70% refused treatment or stopped prematurely.

title: Bone health status of postmenopausal Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Regular screening with colonoscopy lowers @entity14 incidence and mortality. We aimed to determine patterns of repeat and surveillance colonoscopy and identify factors associated with overuse and underuse of colonoscopy. METHODS: We analyzed data from @entity1 in a previous @entity283 ( @entity283 ) study who underwent outpatient colonoscopy at 25 @entity283 facilities between October 2007 and September 2008 (n  = 1455). The proportion of @entity1 who received a follow-up colonoscopy was calculated for 3 risk groups, which were defined on the basis of the index colonoscopy: no @entity652 , low-risk @entity652 , or high-risk @entity652 . RESULTS: Colonoscopy was overused (used more frequently than intervals recommended by guidelines) by 16% of @entity1 with no @entity652 , 26% with low-risk @entity652 , and 29% with high-risk @entity652 . Most @entity1 with high-risk @entity652 (54%) underwent colonoscopy after the recommended interval or did not undergo colonoscopy. @entity1 who received a follow-up recommendation that was discordant with guidelines were more likely to undergo colonoscopy too early (no @entity652 odds ratio [OR], 3.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.31-6.25 and low-risk @entity652 OR, 5.28; 95% CI, 1.88-14.83). Receipt of colonoscopy at nonacademic facilities was associated with overuse among @entity1 without @entity652 (OR, 5.26; 95% CI, 1.96-14.29) or with low-risk @entity652 (OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.52-7.69). Performance of colonoscopies by general surgeons vs gastroenterologists (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.02-4.23) and female sex of the @entity1 (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.06-10.16) were associated with overuse of colonoscopy for @entity1 with low-risk @entity652 . No factors examined were associated with underuse of colonoscopy among @entity1 with high-risk @entity652 . CONCLUSIONS: In an analysis of @entity1 in the @entity283 system, more than one fourth of @entity1 with low-risk @entity652 received follow-up colonoscopies too early, whereas more than one half of those with high-risk @entity652 did not undergo surveillance colonoscopy as recommended. Our findings highlight the need for system-level improvements to facilitate the appropriate delivery of colonoscopy that is based on individual risk.

title: Underuse and Overuse of Colonoscopy for Repeat Screening and Surveillance in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Veterans Health Administration', 'VHA']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['Veterans Health Administration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 show a high prevalence of @entity1282 and tracheal aspiration of food. The videofluoroscopic study of swallowing (VFSS) allows clinicians to visualize the visuoperceptual and temporal parameters associated with @entity1282 in an attempt to predict aspiration risk. However, this subject remains understudied in @entity191 populations. Our aim was to identify the predictors of penetration-aspiration in @entity191 @entity1 using the VFSS. Consecutive @entity1 were evaluated using VFSS with different consistencies and volumes of food. A speech-language pathologist measured the type of intra-oral bolus organization, loss of bolus control, bolus location at the initiation of the pharyngeal swallow, the presence of multiple swallows, @entity1282 , bolus residue in the pharyngeal recesses and temporal measures. Scores  >= 3 on the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) indicated the occurrence of penetration-aspiration. Using logistic marginal regression, we found that residue in the vallecula, residue in the upper esophageal sphincter and @entity1282 were associated with penetration-aspiration (odds ratio (OR)  =  4.09, 2.87 and 3.83; P  =  0.0040, 0.0071 and 0.0009, respectively). Penetration/aspiration occurred only with fluids (both of thin and thick consistency), and no significant differences were observed between fluid types or food volumes. The mechanisms underlying @entity1282 and penetration/aspiration in @entity191 @entity1 and indications for further studies are discussed.

title: Videofluoroscopic Predictors of Penetration-Aspiration in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['piecemeal deglutition', 'swallowing disorders', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 show a high prevalence of @entity1282 and tracheal aspiration of food. The videofluoroscopic study of swallowing (VFSS) allows clinicians to visualize the visuoperceptual and temporal parameters associated with @entity1282 in an attempt to predict aspiration risk. However, this subject remains understudied in @entity191 populations. Our aim was to identify the predictors of penetration-aspiration in @entity191 @entity1 using the VFSS. Consecutive @entity1 were evaluated using VFSS with different consistencies and volumes of food. A speech-language pathologist measured the type of intra-oral bolus organization, loss of bolus control, bolus location at the initiation of the pharyngeal swallow, the presence of multiple swallows, @entity1282 , bolus residue in the pharyngeal recesses and temporal measures. Scores  >= 3 on the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) indicated the occurrence of penetration-aspiration. Using logistic marginal regression, we found that residue in the vallecula, residue in the upper esophageal sphincter and @entity1282 were associated with penetration-aspiration (odds ratio (OR)  =  4.09, 2.87 and 3.83; P  =  0.0040, 0.0071 and 0.0009, respectively). Penetration/aspiration occurred only with fluids (both of thin and thick consistency), and no significant differences were observed between fluid types or food volumes. The mechanisms underlying @entity1282 and penetration/aspiration in @entity191 @entity1 and indications for further studies are discussed.

title: Videofluoroscopic Predictors of Penetration-Aspiration in @entity191 XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To survive in a changing environment plants constantly monitor their surroundings. In response to several stresses and during photorespiration plants use reactive @entity26 species as signaling molecules. The @entity958 @entity44888 ( @entity44888 ) mutant lacks a peroxisomal catalase and under photorespiratory conditions accumulates @entity5568 , which leads to activation of cell death. METHODS: A @entity44888 double mutant collection was generated through crossing and scored for cell death in different assays. Selected double mutants were further analyzed for photosynthetic performance and @entity5568 accumulation. RESULTS: We used a targeted mutant analysis with more than 50 @entity44888 double mutants to investigate the role of stress hormones and other defense regulators in @entity5568 -mediated cell death. Several transcription factors ( @entity6266 , @entity960 , @entity15020 , @entity15019 ), cell death regulators ( @entity29261 , @entity21108 ) and hormone regulators ( @entity19041 , @entity71163 , @entity19061 , @entity19057 , @entity19046 ) were essential for execution of cell death in @entity44888 . Genetic loci required for cell death in @entity44888 was compared with regulators of cell death in spontaneous lesion mimic mutants and led to the identification of a core set of plant cell death regulators. Analysis of gene expression data from @entity44888 and plants undergoing cell death revealed similar gene expression profiles, further supporting the existence of a common program for regulation of plant cell death. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a genetic framework for further study on the role of @entity5568 in regulation of cell death. The hormones @entity3785 , @entity7214 and auxin, as well as their interaction, are crucial determinants of cell death regulation.

title: A genetic framework for XXXX induced cell death in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity5568 :: (D006861,Chemical) :: ['H2O2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To survive in a changing environment plants constantly monitor their surroundings. In response to several stresses and during photorespiration plants use reactive @entity26 species as signaling molecules. The @entity958 @entity44888 ( @entity44888 ) mutant lacks a peroxisomal catalase and under photorespiratory conditions accumulates @entity5568 , which leads to activation of cell death. METHODS: A @entity44888 double mutant collection was generated through crossing and scored for cell death in different assays. Selected double mutants were further analyzed for photosynthetic performance and @entity5568 accumulation. RESULTS: We used a targeted mutant analysis with more than 50 @entity44888 double mutants to investigate the role of stress hormones and other defense regulators in @entity5568 -mediated cell death. Several transcription factors ( @entity6266 , @entity960 , @entity15020 , @entity15019 ), cell death regulators ( @entity29261 , @entity21108 ) and hormone regulators ( @entity19041 , @entity71163 , @entity19061 , @entity19057 , @entity19046 ) were essential for execution of cell death in @entity44888 . Genetic loci required for cell death in @entity44888 was compared with regulators of cell death in spontaneous lesion mimic mutants and led to the identification of a core set of plant cell death regulators. Analysis of gene expression data from @entity44888 and plants undergoing cell death revealed similar gene expression profiles, further supporting the existence of a common program for regulation of plant cell death. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a genetic framework for further study on the role of @entity5568 in regulation of cell death. The hormones @entity3785 , @entity7214 and auxin, as well as their interaction, are crucial determinants of cell death regulation.

title: A genetic framework for @entity5568 induced cell death in XXXX .

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of bacterial species are capable of growing in various life history modes that enable their survival and persistence in both @entity5 as well as in biofilm communities. Mechanisms contributing to either @entity1358 or biofilm persistence and survival can be carefully delineated using multiple differential techniques (e.g., genomics and transcriptomics). In this study, we present both proteomic and metabolomic analyses of @entity7866 biofilms, demonstrating the potential for combined differential studies for elucidating life-history switches important for establishing the mutualism through biofilm formation and host colonization. METHODS: The study used a metabolomics/proteomics or "meta-proteomics" approach, referring to the combined protein and metabolic data analysis that bridges the gap between phenotypic changes ( @entity1358 to biofilm formation) with genotypic changes (reflected in protein/metabolic profiles). Our methods used protein shotgun construction, followed by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) detection and quantification for both free-living and biofilm forming @entity7866 . RESULTS: We present a time-resolved picture of approximately 100 proteins (2D-PAGE and shotgun proteomics) and 200 metabolites that are present during the transition from planktonic growth to community biofilm formation. Proteins involved in stress response, DNA repair damage, and transport appeared to be highly expressed during the biofilm state. In addition, metabolites detected in biofilms correspond to components of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix ( @entity3363 and @entity653 -derived). Alterations in metabolic enzymes were paralleled by more pronounced changes in concentration of intermediates from the glycolysis pathway as well as several @entity1522 . CONCLUSIONS: This combined analysis of both types of information (proteins, metabolites) has provided a more complete picture of the biochemical processes of biofilm formation and what determines the switch between the two life history strategies. The reported findings have broad implications for Vibrio biofilm ecology, and mechanisms for successful survival in the host and environment.

title: Proteomic and metabolomic profiles demonstrate variation among free-living and symbiotic XXXX biofilms.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7866 :: ('668', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio fischeri', 'V. fischeri']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['planktonic free-living stages']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['planktonic cell']

answer: @entity7866 :: (668,Species) :: ['vibrio fischeri']


abstract: Rank relations of more than 100 juvenile and subadult natal @entity34108 males were analyzed. Hierarchical relations among individuals of the same age were established early during the first year of life. With few exceptions concerning @entity1 from very high-ranking genealogies, males dominated female peers regardless of maternal rank. Males started to outrank females from older cohorts during the second year of life and completed the process of rank reversal with adult females at 5-6 years of age. An age-graded dominance pattern existed among males from different birth cohorts. Only 3 rank reversals between males from different cohorts were observed. Rank reversals among males of the same birth cohort occurred more frequently. Rank position of a male among his male peers was influenced by birth order, by maternal rank, and by the presence of juvenile brothers. Most males without juvenile brothers had low positions, regardless of maternal rank. Males born late in the birth season were also low-ranking, even when juvenile brothers were present. There was no cohort where ranking among males was determined by maternal rank alone, as is the case in @entity2608 and Japanese macaques. Adult/subadult male carriers had no noticeable effect on rank positions of 'their' @entity1 . It is suggested that a weaker influence of @entity34108 mothers on rank of their sons is related to very early integration of male @entity1 in male social/play groups.

title: Rank relations of juvenile and subadult natal males of XXXX ( @entity34108 ) at Affenberg Salem.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity34108 :: ('9546', 'Species') :: ['Barbary macaque']

answer: @entity34108 :: (9546,Species) :: ['Barbary macaques']


abstract: Rank relations of more than 100 juvenile and subadult natal @entity34108 males were analyzed. Hierarchical relations among individuals of the same age were established early during the first year of life. With few exceptions concerning @entity1 from very high-ranking genealogies, males dominated female peers regardless of maternal rank. Males started to outrank females from older cohorts during the second year of life and completed the process of rank reversal with adult females at 5-6 years of age. An age-graded dominance pattern existed among males from different birth cohorts. Only 3 rank reversals between males from different cohorts were observed. Rank reversals among males of the same birth cohort occurred more frequently. Rank position of a male among his male peers was influenced by birth order, by maternal rank, and by the presence of juvenile brothers. Most males without juvenile brothers had low positions, regardless of maternal rank. Males born late in the birth season were also low-ranking, even when juvenile brothers were present. There was no cohort where ranking among males was determined by maternal rank alone, as is the case in @entity2608 and Japanese macaques. Adult/subadult male carriers had no noticeable effect on rank positions of 'their' @entity1 . It is suggested that a weaker influence of @entity34108 mothers on rank of their sons is related to very early integration of male @entity1 in male social/play groups.

title: Rank relations of juvenile and subadult natal males of @entity34108 ( XXXX ) at Affenberg Salem.

answer: @entity34108 :: (9546,Species) :: ['Macaca sylvanus']


abstract: Placental @entity63 is one of the etiological factors of pregnancy induced @entity101 (PIH), however, the pathogenesis of placental and @entity8 has not been clarified. The purposes of this investigation are (1) to clarify the fetomaternal hemodynamic changes in PIH and the influence of maternal postural change on fetomaternal hemodynamics, measured by thermodilution method, impedance cardiography and pulsed doppler method during pregnancy, (2) to provide to relationship between intrauterine resting tonus and maternal hemodynamics, that is, blood pressure, placental and renal blood flow measured by electromagnetic flowmeter and thermocouple method, and @entity8 , and (3) to study the influence of placental @entity63 on vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II measured by Magnus method in animal experiment. (1) The increase in C.O and blood volume were recognized from the beginning of pregnancy to 24 GW, and subsequently, the decreasing tendency were found from about 32 GW to the onset of labor. However this decreasing tendency were subsided in the lateral position. These circulatory changes were observed in both normotensive and PIH cases, and especially, the decrease in C.O and blood volume in late pregnancy were more remarkable in PIH than that in normotensive pregnancy. From the results of Starling curve, left ventricular work was more hyperdynamic status in PIH than that in normotensive pregnancy, these results show that there are a compensatory mechanism against high vascular resistance in PIH. A/B (S/D) ratio in uterine artery, umbilical artery and fetal aorta were lowered in II-nd and III-rd trimester and more decreased in the lateral position from the supine position, on the other hand these ratio in PIH were elevated respectively. These results show that there are the aortocaval compression by the heavy tensive uterus and subsequent sluice flow mechanism in fetoplacental circulation in the supine position in late pregnancy. (2) These vascular compression were recognized very often in PIH accompanying with increasing in uterine resting tonus. It was recognized in pregnant @entity95 that an increase in uterine resting tonus in the ovarian side caused an increasing blood pressure, a decrease in renal and placental blood flow and an increase in renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). After resection of the suspensory ligament of ovarii, an increase in resting tonus in the ovarian side did not only cause an increase in RSNA, but also a decrease in renal blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Clinical and experimental studies on the pathogenesis in pregnancy induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'renal nerve activity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3074 ( @entity3074 ) are common, benign, fibrohistiocytic @entity5 of the skin. Clinically, if they present in a rapid succession, they are termed multiple eruptive @entity3074 . When they arise in a localized distribution, they are termed multiple clustered @entity3074 (MCDFs). These DF variants are rare, and the subtype of multiple eruptive @entity3074 has been associated with @entity792 , @entity2298 , pregnancy, @entity645 , and @entity120 . Conversely, there is a paucity of published clinical associations with MCDF. METHODS: A 23-year-old white @entity1 with @entity120 presented with a 7-year history of multiple, asymptomatic, firm, brown, and violaceous papules clustered on the right hip. RESULTS: Histopathologic examination of the biopsies demonstrated acanthotic epidermis, proliferation of cytologically bland fibrohistiocytic spindle cells in a fascicular pattern in the dermis, and collagen trapping on the periphery. Immunohistochemistry was focally positive for @entity21939 and negative for @entity2280 , thus supporting the clinical diagnosis of MCDF. CONCLUSIONS: A case of MCDF associated with @entity120 is presented. To date, there have been greater than 25 reported cases of MCDF, but only one other publication has described an associated systemic comorbidity.

title: Multiple Clustered XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension', 'primary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3074 :: ('MESH:D018219', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatofibromas', 'dermatofibromas', 'DFs']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Dermatofibromas Associated With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study whether immunohistochemical detection of germ cell @entity5 in situ (GCNIS) in AgarCytos, made of the remnants of the testicular sperm extraction (TESE) specimen, is equally accurate as in a standard testicular biopsy. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study performed between January 2013 and May  2014. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): All @entity1 with nonobstructive @entity3893 (n = 197) undergoing a urological work-up followed by a unilateral or bilateral TESE for fertility treatment were consecutively included. INTERVENTION(S): An AgarCyto was made of the remnants of these TESE biopsies. Simultaneously a standard testicular biopsy was performed. For all cases a routine @entity1710 - @entity1711 (H _ E) staining was performed as well as immunohistochemistry ( @entity18069 and @entity4729 ) to detect GCNIS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The presence or absence of GCNIS in the TESE-AgarCyto and standard testicular biopsy. RESULT(S): Six @entity1 (3.0%) were diagnosed with a germ cell (pre)malignancy by immunohistochemistry. No cases were encountered in which the TESE-AgarCyto was negative, whereas the standard testicular biopsy was positive for GCNIS. In one case the TESE-AgarCyto detected a premalignancy that was missed by standard testicular biopsy. Unfortunately a standard testicular biopsy was not available for direct comparison in 50% of the GCNIS-positive @entity1 due to various reasons. CONCLUSION(S): Because GCNIS is heterogeneously distributed in the testis, the TESE-AgarCyto can diagnose GCNIS even when the standard testicular biopsy is negative. Direct comparison of accuracy, however, is not reliable due to the low prevalence of GCNIS and the lack of a standard biopsy when an orchidectomy was performed simultaneously with TESE.

title: Beneficial value of testicular sperm  extraction-AgarCyto in addition to the standard testicular biopsy for diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors in nonobstructive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity3893 :: (MESH:D053713,Disease) :: ['azoospermia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Synthetic random copolymers based on the nylon-3 (b-peptide) backbone show promise as inexpensive antimicrobial agents resistant to proteolysis. We present a time-resolved observational study of the attack of a particular copolymer MM63:CHx37 on single, live @entity526 cells. The composition and chain length of MM63:CHx37 (63% cationic subunits, 37% hydrophobic subunits, 35-subunit average length) were optimized to enhance antibacterial activity while minimizing lysis of @entity1 red blood cells. For @entity526 cells that export GFP to the periplasm, we obtain alternating phase-contrast and green fluorescence images with a time resolution of 12 s over 60 min following initiation of copolymer flow. Within seconds, cells shrink and exhibit the same plasmolysis spaces that occur following abrupt external osmotic upshift. The osmoprotection machinery attempts to replenish cytoplasmic water, but recovery is interrupted by permeabilization of the @entity231 ( @entity231 ) to GFP. Evidently, the highly cationic copolymer and its counterions rapidly translocate across the outer membrane without permeabilizing it to GFP. The @entity231 permeabilization event is spatially localized. Cells whose @entity231 has been permeabilized never recover growth. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for cells lacking the osmolyte importer ProP is 4-fold smaller than for normal cells, suggesting that osmoprotection is an important survival strategy. In addition, at the time of @entity231 permeabilization, we observe evidence of oxidative stress. The MIC under anaerobic conditions is at least 8-fold larger than under aerobic conditions, further implicating oxidative damage as an important bacteriostatic effect. Once the copolymer reaches the periplasm, multiple growth-halting mechanisms proceed in parallel.

title: Single-Cell, Time-Resolved Antimicrobial Effects of a Highly Cationic, Random Nylon-3 Copolymer on Live XXXX .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cytoplasmic membrane', 'CM']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Data analysis was performed in a prospective study of clinical symptoms and findings in 500 @entity1 with @entity6391 . The symptoms and findings in these @entity1 met the usual definitions of the disease. At initial examination the @entity1 were questioned in a standardized manner; symptoms and associated health problems were reviewed. Some @entity1 were unable to answer all of the questions. Of the @entity1 274 (55%) were @entity1 and 226 (45%) were @entity1 , with a race distribution of 21 (4%) black, 47 (9%) Hispanic, 26 (5%) Oriental, three (1%) American Indian, and 403 (81%) white. Sixty-nine @entity1 reported no symptoms of @entity15535 and 116 @entity1 claimed no visual field changes; 90 stated that they saw better at dusk. The most common problem noted by 263 (53.3%) was @entity10 , 31 on a daily basis, 42 at least weekly, 124 infrequently, and the remainder nonspecifically. Numbness or tingling, mainly in extremities, was reported by 99 @entity1 . The second most common problem affecting 170 @entity1 (34.6%) was light flashes; since eight @entity1 had @entity1713 , light flashes cannot be totally discounted. Of 143 @entity1 who had been pregnant, 14 had visual changes.

title: Clinical findings and common symptoms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity15535 :: ('MESH:D009755', 'Disease') :: ['night blindness']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is considered a terminal and incurable disease. In the last 30  years, @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) radically changed the therapeutic approach for these @entity1 and is regarded as the standard of care for @entity1725 from @entity5 and peritoneal @entity2615 . Improved survival has also been reported in treating PM from @entity43 . However, PM often seriously complicates the clinical course of @entity1 with other primary digestive and non-digestive cancers. There is increasing literature evidence that helped to identify not only the @entity5 for which @entity1104 and HIPEC showed a survival advantage but also the @entity1 who may benefit form this treatment modality for the potential lethal complications. Our goal is to report our experience with cytoreduction and HIPEC in @entity1 with PM from rare or unusual @entity5 , discussing possible "unconventional" indications, outcome, and the peculiar issues related to each @entity5 . METHODS: From a series of 253 consecutive @entity1 with a diagnosis of peritoneal @entity189 and treated by @entity1104 and HIPEC, we selected only those with @entity298 from rare or unusual @entity5 , excluding @entity1725 , peritoneal @entity2615 , @entity43 . Complications and adverse effects were graded from 0 to 5 according to the WHO Common @entity137 Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Survival was expressed as mean and median. RESULTS: We admitted and treated by @entity1104 and HIPEC 28 @entity1 with @entity298 from rare or unusual @entity5 . Morbidity and mortality rates were in line with those reported for similar procedures. Median survival for the study group was 56  months, and 5-year overall survival reached 40.3  %, with a difference between @entity1 with no (CC0) and minimal ( @entity14105 ) residual disease (52.3 vs. 25.7), not reaching statistical significance. Ten @entity1 are alive disease-free, and eight are alive with disease. CONCLUSIONS: Cytoreduction and HIPEC should not be excluded "a priori" for the treatment of peritoneal metastases from unconventional @entity5 . This combined therapeutic approach, performed in an experienced center, is safe and can provide a survival benefit over conventional palliative treatments.

title: Cytoreduction and HIPEC in the treatment of "unconventional" XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian, gastric, and colorectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'appendiceal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesotheliomas']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'cytoreductive surgery']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['secondary peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['secondary peritoneal carcinomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To adapt a tailored @entity851 ( @entity851 ) text message smoking cessation intervention (MiQuit) for use without active health professional endorsement in routine antenatal care settings, to estimate 'real-world' uptake and test the feasibility of its use. DESIGN: Single-site service evaluation. SETTING: A Nottinghamshire (UK) antenatal clinic. @entity1 : Pregnant @entity1 accessing the antenatal clinic (N=1750) over 6   months. INTERVENTION: A single-sheet A5 leaflet provided in the @entity1 's maternity notes folder describing the MiQuit text service. Similar materials were left on clinic desks and noticeboards. OUTCOME MEASURES: MiQuit activation requests and system interactions were logged for two time frames: 6   months (strict) and 8   months (extended). Local hospital data were used to estimate the denominator of pregnant smokers exposed to the materials. RESULTS: During the strict and extended time frames, 13 and 25 activation requests were received, representing 3% (95% CI 2% to 5%) and 4% (95% CI 3% to 6%) of estimated smokers, respectively. Only 11 (44%) of the 25 requesting activation sent a correctly formatted initiation text. Of those activating MiQuit, and invited to complete tailoring questions (used to tailor support), 6 (67%) completed all 12 questions by text or website and 5 (56%) texted a quit date to the system. Of the 11 activating MiQuit, 5 (45%, 95% CI 21% to 72%) stopped the programme prematurely. CONCLUSIONS: A low-intensity, cheap cessation intervention promoted at very low cost, resulted in a small but potentially impactful uptake rate by pregnant smokers.

title: Adaptation and uptake evaluation of an XXXX text message smoking cessation programme (MiQuit) for use in antenatal care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['SMS', 'short message service']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['SMS']


abstract: A 53-year-old @entity1 was admitted with epigastric discomfort and @entity425 . Laboratory examination at admission showed mild @entity417 and @entity644 . Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed marked @entity194 , diffuse nodularity and granular appearance with @entity33 . Biopsy was performed on the antrum and body of the stomach. On the next day, the @entity1 began to complain of severe @entity1353 , and @entity519 was present on pulse oximetry. Therefore, emergency echocardiography was conducted and it showed @entity296 along with @entity715 in the left atrium. With time, @entity712 was aggravated despite intensive management. The result of gastric biopsy revealed @entity527 which stained positively with Congo red. On immunohistochemistry study, kappa and lambda chain were present. In addition, kappa chain was significantly elevated in urine and serum on electrophoresis. Although the @entity1 was finally diagnosed as having primary @entity356 with @entity296 , her general condition rapidly deteriorated and died at 12th hospital day. When obscure @entity1819 is encountered, performing gastric biopsy is strongly recommended since it be primary @entity356 . Herein, we present an unusual case of primary @entity356 .

title: [A Case of Primary @entity356 with Fulminant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesion']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal friability']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric amyloidosis']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: A 53-year-old @entity1 was admitted with epigastric discomfort and @entity425 . Laboratory examination at admission showed mild @entity417 and @entity644 . Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed marked @entity194 , diffuse nodularity and granular appearance with @entity33 . Biopsy was performed on the antrum and body of the stomach. On the next day, the @entity1 began to complain of severe @entity1353 , and @entity519 was present on pulse oximetry. Therefore, emergency echocardiography was conducted and it showed @entity296 along with @entity715 in the left atrium. With time, @entity712 was aggravated despite intensive management. The result of gastric biopsy revealed @entity527 which stained positively with Congo red. On immunohistochemistry study, kappa and lambda chain were present. In addition, kappa chain was significantly elevated in urine and serum on electrophoresis. Although the @entity1 was finally diagnosed as having primary @entity356 with @entity296 , her general condition rapidly deteriorated and died at 12th hospital day. When obscure @entity1819 is encountered, performing gastric biopsy is strongly recommended since it be primary @entity356 . Herein, we present an unusual case of primary @entity356 .

title: [A Case of Primary XXXX with Fulminant @entity712 ].

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Amyloidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Texture deterioration often negatively affects sensory attributes and commercial values of ice-stored fish fillets. The mechanism of softening of fish fillets during chilling storage is not fully resolved. @entity26584 is a predominant freshwater fish species in China. The objective of the present study was to investigate the differential role of endogenous cathepsin and microorganisms in texture softening of ice-stored @entity26584 fillets. RESULTS: The fillets were immersed in either @entity4627 solution to reduce microbial activity or to @entity13638 solution to exclude cathepsin activity before ice-storage. Treatment with @entity4627 reduced microbial load of fillets below 2 log CFU g(-1) muscle during the entire storage period, and had no significant influence on the cathepsin activity and proteolysis. But the shear force of fillets treated with @entity4627 decreased by 66% after 21 days of storage. Meanwhile, treatment with @entity13638 inactivated cathepsin B and B+L but did not significantly affect the microbial growth of fillets. Compared to @entity4627 treatment, @entity13638 effectively alleviated softening and inhibited the increase in @entity2974 -soluble peptides during storage. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that proteolysis induced by endogenous cathepsins, rather than microorganisms, plays an important role in texture softening of ice-stored @entity26584 fillets.

title: Differential role of endogenous cathepsin and microorganism in texture softening of ice-stored XXXX ( @entity26584 ) fillets.

entities_list: @entity13638 :: ('MESH:D019807', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity26584 :: ('7959', 'Species') :: ['Grass carp', 'grass carp']

answer: @entity26584 :: (7959,Species) :: ['grass carp']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Texture deterioration often negatively affects sensory attributes and commercial values of ice-stored fish fillets. The mechanism of softening of fish fillets during chilling storage is not fully resolved. @entity26584 is a predominant freshwater fish species in China. The objective of the present study was to investigate the differential role of endogenous cathepsin and microorganisms in texture softening of ice-stored @entity26584 fillets. RESULTS: The fillets were immersed in either @entity4627 solution to reduce microbial activity or to @entity13638 solution to exclude cathepsin activity before ice-storage. Treatment with @entity4627 reduced microbial load of fillets below 2 log CFU g(-1) muscle during the entire storage period, and had no significant influence on the cathepsin activity and proteolysis. But the shear force of fillets treated with @entity4627 decreased by 66% after 21 days of storage. Meanwhile, treatment with @entity13638 inactivated cathepsin B and B+L but did not significantly affect the microbial growth of fillets. Compared to @entity4627 treatment, @entity13638 effectively alleviated softening and inhibited the increase in @entity2974 -soluble peptides during storage. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that proteolysis induced by endogenous cathepsins, rather than microorganisms, plays an important role in texture softening of ice-stored @entity26584 fillets.

title: Differential role of endogenous cathepsin and microorganism in texture softening of ice-stored @entity26584 ( XXXX ) fillets.

answer: @entity26584 :: (7959,Species) :: ['Ctenopharyngodon idella']


abstract: Over a recent 16-month period, 35 @entity5513 were removed at our institution by a surgical team consisting of one neurosurgeon and one otologist. Nineteen @entity5 were less than 2 cm in diameter and six were greater than 4 cm. There were 26 @entity5513 , six @entity1653 , two @entity5 , and a @entity808 . A suboccipital transmeatal approach was used in the majority of @entity1 . There were no deaths. Thirty-two @entity1 had an excellent outcome. Twenty-four @entity1 had @entity5 removal (92% of the @entity5513 ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in all but one @entity1 , who had nerve grafting intraoperatively and has partial recovery of function. Thirteen of the 24 @entity1 who had auditory function retained some of it postoperatively. With current diagnostic techniques, combined with the neurosurgical and otologic team approach, the majority of @entity1 with @entity5 of all sizes may expect a complete resection of the @entity5 with a good outcome. Certainly, early diagnosis and resection of smaller @entity5 will increase the likelihood that hearing will be preserved, thus providing impetus for aggressive diagnostic and surgical treatment of @entity1 with these lesions.

title: Cooperative neuro-otologic management of @entity5513 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['glossopharyngeal schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas', 'cerebellopontine angle tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'acoustic tumors', 'complete tumor', 'epidermoid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['other cerebellopontine angle tumors']


abstract: Over a recent 16-month period, 35 @entity5513 were removed at our institution by a surgical team consisting of one neurosurgeon and one otologist. Nineteen @entity5 were less than 2 cm in diameter and six were greater than 4 cm. There were 26 @entity5513 , six @entity1653 , two @entity5 , and a @entity808 . A suboccipital transmeatal approach was used in the majority of @entity1 . There were no deaths. Thirty-two @entity1 had an excellent outcome. Twenty-four @entity1 had @entity5 removal (92% of the @entity5513 ). The facial nerve was preserved anatomically in all but one @entity1 , who had nerve grafting intraoperatively and has partial recovery of function. Thirteen of the 24 @entity1 who had auditory function retained some of it postoperatively. With current diagnostic techniques, combined with the neurosurgical and otologic team approach, the majority of @entity1 with @entity5 of all sizes may expect a complete resection of the @entity5 with a good outcome. Certainly, early diagnosis and resection of smaller @entity5 will increase the likelihood that hearing will be preserved, thus providing impetus for aggressive diagnostic and surgical treatment of @entity1 with these lesions.

title: Cooperative neuro-otologic management of XXXX and @entity5513 .

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuromas']


abstract: This is the first report on the establishment of the readily identifiable and functioning thymic nurse cell (TNC) clones from the @entity19 thymus. In the course of the culture of an epithelial cell line using a medium with a low concentration of @entity141 from the spontaneous BALB/c @entity6732 , lymphocytes as well as thymic stromal cells which were not apparently typical epithelial cells by light microscopy seemed to grow relatively well in one flask. The culture medium was exchanged with regular Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in the third week, and from that flask TNC clones were established together with lymphoblast cell clones. The established cells (IT-79MTNC3) were easily identified as TNC. They formed complexes with simultaneously established lymphoblast cells and were remarkably similar to those of fresh TNC and thymocytes. Cloned TNC could express Ia antigens. In co-culture experiments, cloned TNC together with recombinant @entity2047 ( @entity5041 ) appeared to support the growth of fetal thymocytes which with @entity5041 alone failed to proliferate. The supernatant of IT-79MTNC3 was previously found to contain the growth factor for some T cell clones. It remains to be solved whether the TNC affects fetal thymocytes through direct contact or secretes an active growth-promoting factor. Experiments along this line are now in progress.

title: Establishment of @entity19 thymic nurse cell clones from a spontaneous BALB/c XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic tumor']

answer: @entity6732 :: (MESH:D013953,Disease) :: ['thymic tumor']


abstract: This is the first report on the establishment of the readily identifiable and functioning thymic nurse cell (TNC) clones from the @entity19 thymus. In the course of the culture of an epithelial cell line using a medium with a low concentration of @entity141 from the spontaneous BALB/c @entity6732 , lymphocytes as well as thymic stromal cells which were not apparently typical epithelial cells by light microscopy seemed to grow relatively well in one flask. The culture medium was exchanged with regular Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in the third week, and from that flask TNC clones were established together with lymphoblast cell clones. The established cells (IT-79MTNC3) were easily identified as TNC. They formed complexes with simultaneously established lymphoblast cells and were remarkably similar to those of fresh TNC and thymocytes. Cloned TNC could express Ia antigens. In co-culture experiments, cloned TNC together with recombinant @entity2047 ( @entity5041 ) appeared to support the growth of fetal thymocytes which with @entity5041 alone failed to proliferate. The supernatant of IT-79MTNC3 was previously found to contain the growth factor for some T cell clones. It remains to be solved whether the TNC affects fetal thymocytes through direct contact or secretes an active growth-promoting factor. Experiments along this line are now in progress.

title: Establishment of XXXX thymic nurse cell clones from a spontaneous BALB/c @entity6732 .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The expression of @entity1593 is assumed to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Our study investigated the prevalence and HLA type in two different ethnic groups: a German group and an Italian group living in South Tirol. Intermarriages are rare between these population groups. The live birth rate during 1973-1982 (10 years) was 42,739 for the German group and 14,874 for the Italian group. Fifty @entity1 with @entity1593 , born during this period, were diagnosed according to the ESPGAN criteria: 45 were German and five were Italian. The incidence in the German group was 105 per 100,000, and 33 per 100,000 in the Italian group. HLA typing was performed in 40 @entity1 , and in 50 German and 50 Italian controls. Of the @entity1 with @entity1593 , 43% were positive for HLA B8, 85% for @entity4106 , and 66% for @entity6103 . Although lower, no difference was found in the expression of HLA B8, @entity4106 , and @entity6103 in the Italian and German controls. The data presented here strongly suggest that there is little association between the incidence of the disease and HLA type in the two ethnic populations. However, from preliminary data, it is postulated that the age of the @entity1 when gluten is added to its diet will affect the incidence of @entity1593 .

title: XXXX in two different population groups of South Tirol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['Celiac disease']


abstract: In 27 @entity1 with 74 @entity1586 we prospectively evaluated @entity1127 -related risk factors and specific histopathological characteristics that might result in @entity190 from these lesions. Each @entity1127 was endoscopically bathed in saline which was then aspirated back into a syringe through a catheter and tested for presence of blood on a @entity357 . Forty-nine @entity1127 were excised. We found the following: 1) A relatively small proportion of @entity652 (approximately 11%) have a propensity to bleed. 2) Approximately 22% of @entity1127 -bearing @entity1 have a @entity548 @entity652 . 3) Risk factors for @entity548 include @entity1127 size greater than 1.0 cm, presence of a stalk, and cherry-red color; associated histopathological findings include marked @entity455 and intramucosal lakes of blood. 4) Clinically detectable @entity548 occurs after @entity548 in the @entity1127 head and dissection of blood into the bowel lumen through the glandular or surface epithelium. Most @entity1127 are small, sessile and pink, without histopathological features of @entity548 and are unlikely to bleed. Therefore, @entity1 with Hemoccult-positive stools in whom such @entity5 are found should undergo further study to detect other causes of @entity360 . High-risk @entity1127 in otherwise asymptomatic @entity1 can be held responsible for @entity548 ; in them colonoscopic polypectomy with follow-up Hemoccult testing is sufficient management. Only if @entity548 persists is study of other parts of the gut essential.

title: Risk factors for XXXX from adenomatous polyps of the large bowel: a colonoscopic evaluation with histopathological correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular congestion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['Hemoccult II slide']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']