abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity1150 diagnosed by venography after hip or knee replacement remains high despite 7 to 10 days of anticoagulant prophylaxis. However, the risk of symptomatic events in such @entity1 is unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to provide reliable estimates of the risk of symptomatic @entity1211 occurring within 3 months of hip or knee replacement in @entity1 who received short-duration (7-10 days) anticoagulant prophylaxis. METHODS: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched from January 1993 to March 2001, supplemented by a manual search of bibliographies and conference abstracts, to identify prospective studies of @entity1 undergoing hip or knee replacement who received short-duration prophylaxis (ie, 7-10 days of fixed-dose low-molecular-weight heparin or adjusted-dose @entity1229 , with a target international normalized ratio of 2.0-3.0). Studies were classified as clinical outcome studies if the outcome was symptomatic @entity1211 or as venographic outcome studies if the outcome was asymptomatic @entity1150 diagnosed after bilateral venography. RESULTS: There were 4 clinical outcome studies with 6089 @entity1 who had 3 months of follow-up, and 13 venographic outcome studies with 7080 @entity1 who had venography 7 to 10 days after surgery. In clinical outcome studies, the 3-month incidence of @entity1211 was 3.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0%-4.4%), and the 3-month incidence of @entity1151 was 0.10% (95% CI, 0.02%-0.20%). The postprophylaxis incidence of @entity1211 was 2.2% (95% CI, 1.4%-3.0%), and the incidence of @entity1151 was 0.05% (95% CI, 0%-0.12%). The postprophylaxis incidence of symptomatic @entity1211 was higher after hip than after knee replacement (2.5% vs 1.4%; P=.02). In venographic outcome studies, the prevalence of @entity1150 (total and proximal) was higher after knee than after hip replacement (total: 38.8% vs 16.4%; P<.001; proximal: 7.6% vs 3.8%; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 who undergo hip or knee replacement and receive short-duration anticoagulant prophylaxis, symptomatic @entity1211 will occur in about 1 of 32 @entity1 and @entity1151 will occur in about 1 of 1000 @entity1 within 3 months of the surgery. Although the prevalence of asymptomatic @entity1150 is more than 2-fold higher after knee replacement than after hip replacement 7 to 10 days after surgery, in the subsequent 3 months, symptomatic @entity1211 is more likely to occur after hip replacement.

title: Short-duration prophylaxis against XXXX after total hip or knee replacement: a meta-analysis of prospective studies investigating symptomatic outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['fatal pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['nonfatal venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4767 (CNS) are often difficult to diagnose, even if consistent conventional laboratory methodologies are used. OBJECTIVES: To clarify the efficiency of two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for the sensitive detection of enteroviruses and for the identification of enteroviral genotypes based on phylogenetic analysis of the amplified genome sequences, and to facilitate the diagnosis of @entity281 in CNS. STUDY DESIGN: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), throat swab, rectal swab, and/or serum samples were collected from 171 @entity1 with @entity5827 and 67 @entity1 with @entity410 . The samples were tested for the presence of enteroviruses by cell culture and PCR methods for the detection and identification of enteroviruses. RESULTS: In 111 (64.9%) of 171 @entity1 with @entity5827 , enteroviruses were isolated by cell cultures from any site. In 143 (83.6%) @entity1 , including 110 of 111 @entity1 with @entity5827 , the enteroviral genome was detected in CSF by PCR. No enterovirus was isolated from any site for the 67 @entity1 with @entity410 . PCR detected the enteroviral genome in CSF samples from 13 (61.9%) of 21 @entity1 who developed @entity410 in the summer (June-August). Phylogenetic analysis of amplified genome sequences showed that the major pathogens of @entity410 in summer were group A coxsackieviruses, which are usually difficult to isolate by cell culture. CONCLUSION: PCR methods for the detection and identification of enteroviruses were useful for the diagnosis of @entity281 in CNS.

title: Application of polymerase chain reaction and subsequent phylogenetic analysis to the diagnosis of XXXX in the central nervous system.

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['Enteroviral infections of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['enteroviral infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['enteroviral infection']


abstract: Psychological problems affecting physically handicapped individuals are understudied. However, some studies suggest a higher risk of developing an elevated level of @entity148 among these individuals. A previous study reported that @entity1 with @entity15 show more @entity148 than @entity1 suffering from another type of physical limitations. These results raise questions about the specificity of the link between @entity148 and some medical conditions. The aim of the present study is to increase our understanding of manifestations of @entity148 associated with @entity179 . Three groups of @entity1 with different physical limitations were compared on their level of @entity148 and on various cognitive process. Groups were composed as: 1) 20 @entity1 suffering from @entity15 , 2) 18 @entity1 diagnosed with another @entity179 (either @entity625 , @entity3986 or @entity2055 ), and 3) 20 @entity1 presenting a non-degenerative handicap. The 3 groups were not significantly different on age, sex and duration of the physical limitations. Symptoms of @entity148 were measured with 3 questionnaires:1) the Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 Scale, 2) the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, used to assess the tendency to worry, and 3) the Worry Domains Questionnaire, assessing diversity and intensivity of worry themes. In turn, cognitive processes were evaluated with 4 questionnaires: 1) the Acceptance of Disability scale, used to assess the @entity1 's level of acceptance regarding a disability, 2) the Interpretation of Disturbing Thoughts questionnaire, an idiographical measure about the interpretation of thoughts associated with a @entity1032 , 3) the Intolerance of Uncertainty scale, presenting beliefs about uncertainty and its consequences, and 4) the Cognitive Avoidance questionnaire, to evaluate the tendency of avoiding disturbing thoughts and images. @entity1 completed all questionnaires alone and the experimenter was available to answer any questions. MANOVAs were used to compare the 3 groups on the studied variables. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences among groups for symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 , @entity7577 . Similarly, no significant differences were obtained on cognitive processes. The @entity15 group and the other @entity179 group were combined and compared to the non-degenerative handicap group. MANOVAs conducted on symptoms and cognitive processes did not yield any significant differences. Results of the present study seem to indicate that the type of physical limitations is not an indicator of the presence of specific @entity148 or cognitive processes. On an exploratory basis, all @entity1 were compared according to their level of acceptance of disability. Results indicated that a lower level of acceptance was significantly associated with more anxious and @entity308 , excessive worries, and a greater intolerance of uncertainty. It seems that acceptance of disability plays a key role in maintaining @entity458 among @entity1 with a @entity1032 . The influence of intolerance of uncertainty on acceptance of disability needs to be further explored.

title: [ XXXX and physical limitation: a complex relation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['physical handicap']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity7577 :: ('MESH:C536965', 'Disease') :: ['tendency to worry and worry themes']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative illness', 'degenerative illnesses']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to identify management strategies that maximize survival of @entity1 with @entity5 and metachronous brain metastases and to determine whether any apparent improved survival was due to treatment or simply to @entity1 selection. METHODS: Treatment evaluations of both primary @entity1149 and brain metastases were performed in 91 @entity1 . Optimal treatment was identified by multivariable analysis. Propensity scoring and multivariable analysis were used to separate treatment benefit from @entity1 selection. RESULTS: Risk-unadjusted median, 12-, and 24-month survivals were 5.2 months, 22%, and 10%, respectively. Younger age (P =.006), good performance status (P =.003), stage IIIA (P =.001), lung resection (P =.02), no other systemic metastases at time of diagnosis of brain metastases (P =.02), and either metastasectomy (P <.001) or stereotactic radiosurgery (P <.001) predicted best survival. However, metastasectomy or stereotactic radiosurgery was more common after lung resection (P =.02) and in @entity1 with good performance status (P =.006), no other systemic metastases at time of diagnosis of brain metastases (P =.01), and fewer brain metastases (P <.001), suggesting that the @entity1 with the best risk profile were selected for aggressive therapy of both lung primary and brain metastases. Despite this selection, analysis of propensity-matched @entity1 demonstrated the benefit of lung resection and metastasectomy or stereotactic radiosurgery (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Younger @entity1 with resected stage IIIA @entity1149 who have isolated metachronous brain metastases and good performance status do best when treated with metastasectomy or stereotactic radiosurgery. This survival benefit is a brain treatment effect, not the result of selecting the best @entity1 for aggressive therapy.

title: Stage III XXXX and metachronous brain metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although @entity1425 commonly is added to local anesthetics for regional anesthesia, rarely it may cause undesirable hemodynamic side effects. This study compared the hemodynamic and blockade effects of 25 and 200 microg @entity1425 during axillary brachial plexus blockade with @entity3303 1.5%. METHODS: Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologist classification I or II @entity1 were divided randomly into 3 groups. @entity1 in group 1 received 5 mL of saline containing 25 microg @entity1425 and then 35 mL of 1.5% @entity3303 ; @entity1 in group 2 received 5 mL of saline alone and then 200 microg of @entity1425 mixed with 35 mL of 1.5% @entity3303 ; @entity1 in group 3 received 5 mL of saline alone and then 35 mL of 1.5% @entity3303 . Hemodynamic data were measured for 1 to 10 minutes at 1-minute intervals after axillary injection. The duration time of motor and sensory block was recorded. RESULTS: Complete anesthesia was achieved in 85% of @entity1 in groups 1 and 3 and 90% in group 2. Motor block duration was significantly longer in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (P <.05). There were no significant differences in analgesia between groups 1 and 2. @entity1337 duration was significantly longer in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3 (P <.05). Heart rate from the 3rd to 6th minute was higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (P <.05). Systolic arterial pressure from the 3rd to 5th minute and diastolic arterial pressure from 2nd to 6th minute were higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity1425 offers more stable hemodynamics and similar blockade, and thus may be beneficial for @entity1 undergoing forearm and hand surgery who are at risk for @entity591 and/or @entity101 .

title: Hemodynamic and blockade effects of high/low @entity1425 doses during axillary brachial plexus blockade with XXXX 1.5%: A randomized, double-blinded study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although @entity1425 commonly is added to local anesthetics for regional anesthesia, rarely it may cause undesirable hemodynamic side effects. This study compared the hemodynamic and blockade effects of 25 and 200 microg @entity1425 during axillary brachial plexus blockade with @entity3303 1.5%. METHODS: Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologist classification I or II @entity1 were divided randomly into 3 groups. @entity1 in group 1 received 5 mL of saline containing 25 microg @entity1425 and then 35 mL of 1.5% @entity3303 ; @entity1 in group 2 received 5 mL of saline alone and then 200 microg of @entity1425 mixed with 35 mL of 1.5% @entity3303 ; @entity1 in group 3 received 5 mL of saline alone and then 35 mL of 1.5% @entity3303 . Hemodynamic data were measured for 1 to 10 minutes at 1-minute intervals after axillary injection. The duration time of motor and sensory block was recorded. RESULTS: Complete anesthesia was achieved in 85% of @entity1 in groups 1 and 3 and 90% in group 2. Motor block duration was significantly longer in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (P <.05). There were no significant differences in analgesia between groups 1 and 2. @entity1337 duration was significantly longer in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3 (P <.05). Heart rate from the 3rd to 6th minute was higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (P <.05). Systolic arterial pressure from the 3rd to 5th minute and diastolic arterial pressure from 2nd to 6th minute were higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity1425 offers more stable hemodynamics and similar blockade, and thus may be beneficial for @entity1 undergoing forearm and hand surgery who are at risk for @entity591 and/or @entity101 .

title: Hemodynamic and blockade effects of high/low XXXX doses during axillary brachial plexus blockade with @entity3303 1.5%: A randomized, double-blinded study.

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: @entity1412 accounts for 40% of chronic @entity11766 . The part played by surgery seems to be steadily growing if the number of publications dedicated to this approach is any yardstick. The medical treatment remains however the undisputed therapeutic mainstay but trials dedicated to the assessment of its overall efficacy are rather scarce. The aim of this study is focused on the evaluation of a dual modality, topical and systemic, over a follow-up period of three years. A total of 100 subjects were treated according to a standardized therapeutic protocol combining a short-term oral administration of a @entity228 ( @entity617 ) and a daily intranasal spray of an other @entity134 ( @entity2715 ). Over the follow-up period of three years, this dual modality proved to be successful in 85% of the subjects; only 15% had to undergo surgery after its failure. The average symptom reduction reached an improvement rate varying from 58 to 80%, according to the symptom type. The daily dosage of @entity617 and @entity2715 was progressively decreased while the gain in nasal comfort was being preserved. Management of nasal @entity1127 should be primarily medical. Resorting to surgical procedures should not be envisaged before a trial of dual @entity134 therapy under strict compliance to treatment. The single character of this long follow-up and the importance of the series of @entity1 included in the protocol make all the originality of this work which shows for the first time the long-term improvement after medical treatment.

title: [Sino-nasal polyposis. Evaluation of the efficacy of combined local and general corticotherapy in a series of 100 consecutive XXXX with a 3-year follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity11766 :: ('MESH:D009668', 'Disease') :: ['nasal disease']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['Nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Objectives. We compared insulin-like growth factor ( @entity442 ) levels obtained in two groups with different methods of assessing compliance. Burned @entity1 were randomized to receive a daily injection of 0.05-0.1mg/kg per day of recombinant @entity1 growth hormone (rhGH) or placebo. Study design. One hundred twenty-five @entity1 (age range 6 months to 17 years) with total body surface area burns >40% participated in the study. Baseline levels of @entity442 were obtained at hospital discharge, at which time daily injections of rhGH or placebo were initiated. Assessment of @entity442 levels was repeated at 3-month intervals for 1 year. A directly monitored group met daily with research staff that witnessed the preparation and injection of the study drug. A self-reported group completed a Self Reported Compliance Questionnaire (SRCQ) that assessed compliance with drug regimen. A compliance of at least 85% (injections reported administered/maximal total injections possible) was accepted as being compliant. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Student Newman-Kuels test, with the results given as means+/-S.E.M. Results. The percent change in @entity442 levels between 6 and 9 months in the self-reported (22.7+/-7.9%) and monitored groups (21.9+/-8.6%) were similar. In contrast, the percent change in @entity442 levels in the placebo group was significantly decreased (-5.6+/-6.3%). Conclusions. Self-reported scores via an SRCQ is a potentially useful and valid method of assessing compliance of rhGH injections, as both reported and directly monitored methods yield similar changes in levels of @entity442 .

title: Comparison of self-reported and monitored compliance of daily injection of XXXX growth hormone in burned @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Objectives. We compared insulin-like growth factor ( @entity442 ) levels obtained in two groups with different methods of assessing compliance. Burned @entity1 were randomized to receive a daily injection of 0.05-0.1mg/kg per day of recombinant @entity1 growth hormone (rhGH) or placebo. Study design. One hundred twenty-five @entity1 (age range 6 months to 17 years) with total body surface area burns >40% participated in the study. Baseline levels of @entity442 were obtained at hospital discharge, at which time daily injections of rhGH or placebo were initiated. Assessment of @entity442 levels was repeated at 3-month intervals for 1 year. A directly monitored group met daily with research staff that witnessed the preparation and injection of the study drug. A self-reported group completed a Self Reported Compliance Questionnaire (SRCQ) that assessed compliance with drug regimen. A compliance of at least 85% (injections reported administered/maximal total injections possible) was accepted as being compliant. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Student Newman-Kuels test, with the results given as means+/-S.E.M. Results. The percent change in @entity442 levels between 6 and 9 months in the self-reported (22.7+/-7.9%) and monitored groups (21.9+/-8.6%) were similar. In contrast, the percent change in @entity442 levels in the placebo group was significantly decreased (-5.6+/-6.3%). Conclusions. Self-reported scores via an SRCQ is a potentially useful and valid method of assessing compliance of rhGH injections, as both reported and directly monitored methods yield similar changes in levels of @entity442 .

title: Comparison of self-reported and monitored compliance of daily injection of @entity1 growth hormone in burned XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Membranous dressings for the treatment of partial and mixed @entity4808 are among the most innovative and promising new developments of the last years. In this study, we present data of a randomised prospective comparative study on a carboxymethylcellulose based dressing, Hydrofibre((R)) and glycerolized @entity1 allograft skin. In a 2 year period, 80 @entity1 (40 for each material) were enrolled in the trial. Study wounds (<10% TBSA) that had not re-epithelialised after 14+/-3 days were debrided and grafted or, if small enough, managed with a topical antimicrobial agent. Mean total TBSA was 8.3+/-5.2%, study burn 3.7+/-2.0% for the Hydrofibre((R)) group and 7.3+/-4.3% total, 3.4+/-2.1% study burn for the allograft skin group (n.s. Wilcoxon rank sum test). No significant differences between groups were established in number of @entity1 with superficial/deep burns. In both groups about 2/3 of the @entity1 healed completely with the dressings applied (24/40 versus 27/40 for Hydrofibre((R)) versus allograft skin, respectively). However, a higher incidence of post-study excision and grafting was found in the Hydrofibre((R)) group (45% versus 15% in the allograft skin group, P=0.004, Mann-Whitney). At 10 weeks follow-up no significant differences were seen in scar colour, pigmentation, pliability, height or itching (Vancouver Scar Scale). Skin elasticity, measured by the Cutometer((R)), was significantly better for the allograft group (P=0.010, Wilcoxon). These differences were no longer found at 6 months and 1 year follow-up. Incidence of @entity1184 after 6 months was higher, but not significantly, in the Hydrofibre((R)) compared to the allograft skin group (52.5% versus 30%, P=0.09, chi-square). In view of the results from our comparative study on Hydrofibre((R)) versus allograft skin, we prefer the use of allograft skin for the category of larger burns of @entity92 , usually presented to burn centres. However, for partial thickness and small burns Hydrofibre((R)) can be the first choice in treatment.

title: A randomised clinical trial comparing a hydrocolloid-derived dressing and glycerol preserved allograft skin in the management of partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['mixed depth']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['thickness burns']

answer: @entity4808 :: (MESH:D002056,Disease) :: ['thickness burns']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-frequency left-sided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HFL-TMS) has been shown to have antidepressant effects in double-blind trials. Low-frequency stimulation to the right prefrontal cortex ( @entity37462 -TMS) has also shown promise, although it has not been assessed in treatment-resistant @entity308 and its effects have not been compared with those of HFL-TMS. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of HFL-TMS and @entity37462 -TMS in treatment-resistant @entity308 and compared with a sham-treated control group. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial. SETTING: Two general psychiatric services. @entity1 : Sixty @entity1 with treatment-resistant @entity308 who had failed to respond to therapy with multiple antidepressant medications were divided into 3 groups of 20 that did not differ in age, sex, or any clinical variables. All @entity1 completed the double-blind phase of the study. INTERVENTIONS: Twenty 5-second HFL-TMS trains at 10 Hz and five 60-second @entity37462 -TMS trains at 1 Hz were applied daily. Sham stimulation was applied with the coil angled at 45 degrees from the scalp, resting on the side of one wing of the coil. Main Outcome Measure Score on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in response among the 3 groups (F56,2 = 6.2), with a significant difference between the HFL-TMS and sham groups and between the @entity37462 -TMS and sham groups (P<.005 for all) but not between the 2 treatment groups. Baseline @entity2146 predicted successful response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Both HFL-TMS and @entity37462 -TMS have treatment efficacy in @entity1 with medication-resistant major @entity308 . Treatment for at least 4 weeks is necessary for clinically meaningful benefits to be achieved. Treatment with @entity37462 -TMS may prove to be an appropriate initial repetitive TMS strategy in @entity308 taking into account safety, tolerability, and efficacy considerations.

title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of XXXX : a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor agitation']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The characteristics of @entity1 with acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) admitted to 37 Chilean hospitals (GEMI Registry Group), have been analyzed in the period 1993-1995 and 1997-1998. AIM: To report the changes in hospital mortality between these 2 periods, with a particular emphasis on the impact of treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1993-1995 we collected information from 2,957 @entity1 and between 1997-1998 we registered 1,981 @entity1 with @entity583 . Analysis of the changes in mortality between periods was adjusted by demographic variables, coronary risk factors, @entity583 location, Killip class on admission and the different therapeutic strategies utilized. The effects of different treatments on hospital mortality were adjusted by the previously determined mortality risk variables. RESULTS: Hospital mortality decreased from 13.3% to 10.8% between both periods (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.78, confidence intervals (95%) (CI) 0.65-0.93). A significant reduction in mortality was observed among @entity1 below 60 years of age, in @entity1 , in @entity6 and in subjects with an @entity1188 classified as Killip class over II. The use of beta blockers (OR 0.65, CI 0.42-0.99) and intravenous @entity3362 (OR 0.78, CI 0.61-0.99) and the lower use of @entity460 channel blockers (OR 0.72, CI 0.60-0.87) were significantly associated with a lower mortality. The administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors was associated with a 29.3% mortality reduction (OR 0.69, CI 0.47-1.02). CONCLUSIONS: There has been a significant reduction in the mortality rate for @entity583 in Chilean hospitals during the 2 registry periods analyzed, which was significant among some high risk @entity1 and was related to treatment changes, according to evidence based guidelines.

title: [Reduction of XXXX mortality in Chilean hospitals].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies from various countries have found an increasing incidence of @entity1778 in recent decades. To characterize time trends in the age- and sex-specific incidence of childhood @entity3052 during the last 20 years in the Nordic countries, we analyzed a large set of population-based data from the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) in their @entity3052 database covering a population of approximately 5 million @entity1 aged 0-14 years. METHODS: Temporal trends in @entity3052 and @entity981 incidence rates overall and for @entity981 immunophenotypes and for specific age groups were analyzed by Poisson regression adjusting for age, sex, and country. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: We identified 1595 @entity1 and 1859 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity981 between January 1, 1982, and December 31, 2001, and 260 @entity1 and 224 @entity1 diagnosed with de novo @entity3052 between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 2001. No statistically significant change was seen in the overall incidence rate for @entity981 during the 20-year study (annual change = 0.22%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.36% to 0.80%). The incidence rate of B-precursor @entity981 remained unchanged (annual change = 0.30%, 95% CI = -0.57% to 1.18%) from January 1, 1986, through December 31, 2001. A somewhat lower incidence in the first years of the study period indicated an early increasing incidence of B-precursor @entity981 that corresponded to a simultaneous decreasing incidence of unclassified @entity981 . Incidences of @entity11511 (annual change = 1.55%, 95% CI = -1.14% to 4.31%) and @entity3052 (annual change = 0.58%, 95% CI = -1.24% to 2.44%) were stable during the study period. CONCLUSION: Incidences of @entity3052 overall, @entity981 overall, and specific @entity981 immunophenotypes have been stable in the Nordic countries over the past two decades.

title: Age- and sex-specific incidence of XXXX by immunophenotype in the Nordic countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of pediatric @entity1 with @entity4097 . OBJECTIVES: To identify clinical and radiographic features of diagnostic importance, and to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment with respect to complications in pediatric @entity1 with @entity4097 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND: @entity4097 in @entity1 are uncommon and present a significant challenge in diagnosis, treatment, and management of complications. Because most signs and symptoms of these @entity5 are musculoskeletal in nature, it is imperative for orthopedic surgeons to be familiar with them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical charts and radiographic records of 26 pediatric @entity1 with documented @entity4097 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 10 malignant and 16 @entity5 . Mean age at diagnosis was 10 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Mean clinical follow-up was 25.8 months. The average delay in diagnosis was 10.9 months. The two most common reasons for presentation were @entity158 (n = 20, 76%) and neurologic involvement (n = 14, 54%). Initial plain radiographs were positive in 72% of @entity1 , whereas MRI showed the @entity5 in 96% of studies. Sixteen @entity1 underwent spinal fusion after excision of the @entity5 . There were no perioperative @entity204 . Complications were common, with an average of 1.1 complications per @entity1 . At latest follow-up, six @entity1 had @entity51 , two @entity1 had died, and one @entity1 was terminally ill. CONCLUSION: Increased awareness of modes of presentation, use of modern imaging techniques, and an aggressive approach to spinal stabilization at the time of laminectomy should decrease morbidity in @entity1 with @entity4097 .

title: Orthopaedic implications in the management of pediatric XXXX : a retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['Vertebral and spinal cord tumors', 'vertebral and spinal cord tumors']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['vertebral and spinal cord tumors']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of @entity1 records, clinical and radiographic, and @entity1 recall for full pulmonary function studies and surface topography. OBJECTIVES: Assessment of outcome of treatment policy after age 15 during the previous 30 years to establish the efficacy of management protocols in a group that is too small and too varied for more formal assessment. BACKGROUND DATA: @entity85 presenting during infancy or early childhood poses a clinical problem caused by small numbers, long growth period, variable presentation and treatment methods, and, finally, the length of time that must pass before meaningful outcome results can be assessed. The aims of treatment are to preserve respiratory function and cosmetic appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of @entity1 with infantile onset, nonsyndromic, and noncongenital @entity1635 were reviewed. Thirty two were at least age 15 years at the time of review and 21 of these agreed to attend for full pulmonary function testing (spirometry, lung volumes, gas diffusion) and surface topography, whereas two more had recent spirometry results available in their record. Treatment had been serial casting with Risser jacket, bracing, or surgery. RESULTS: Those whose @entity1635 resolved or was stabilized by nonoperative means (N = 6) at an acceptable Cobb angle had normal cosmesis and pulmonary function (mean FEV1 = 98.7%, mean FVC = 96.6%). Those who were managed by casting or bracing and underwent surgery after age 10 (N = 6, mean age at surgery 12.9 y) had variable cosmesis and acceptable pulmonary function (mean FEV1 = 79%, mean FVC = 68.3%). Those whose @entity85 necessitated early surgery (N = 11, mean age at surgery 4.1 y) had recurrence of @entity85 and diminished respiratory function (mean FEV1= 41%, range 14%-72%, mean FVC = 40.8%, range 12%-67%). CONCLUSIONS: Although these are small numbers and treatment methods have changed since the beginning of the series, the results indicate that this condition is not simple to treat and for some @entity1 still has the risk for serious @entity1576 . There is, as yet, no evidence that early surgical intervention in this group of @entity1 with @entity1635 has altered their prognosis in any meaningful way.

title: Respiratory function and cosmesis at maturity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['deformity and respiratory compromise']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'Spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'infantile scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['infantile-onset scoliosis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity1199 or @entity3027 induce remissions and prolong life in @entity1 carefully selected for a possibly toxic treatment. However, there is a need for better-tolerated and more effective therapies, especially in @entity1 with co-morbidities and those resistant to systemic immunotherapy. Recent achievements in the treatment of advanced @entity1358 highlight potentially significant improvements. RECENT FINDINGS: Cytoreductive surgery or radiation of metastases seems beneficial in well-selected @entity1 , especially as immunotherapy is available. Immune cells within the @entity5 correlate with response and survival, indicating the importance of local immune modulation. Such modulation has allowed the introduction of well-tolerated treatments such as the inhalation of @entity1199 to control lung metastases, which results in a significant survival benefit for high-risk @entity1 , as suggested by a recent outcome study in 200 patients. Antibody-based @entity5 targeting against cG250, specifically expressed on @entity1358 , seems to stabilize progressive @entity3 and does not induce @entity137 . Vaccination strategies are also well tolerated, but have not yet shown convincing results in @entity1442 . Other approaches have not fulfilled expectations. @entity2816 has significant @entity2359 and its efficacy was not confirmed in recent studies. Stem cell transplantation has significant @entity137 , and cannot yet be recommended, but may have future potential. SUMMARY: Cytokine-based immunotherapy can now be considered standard in the treatment of @entity1358 . There is good evidence that additional local procedures such as surgery, radiation or the inhalation of @entity1199 improve response and survival in @entity3 with moderate @entity137 , resulting in a significant improvement for @entity1 suitable for these approaches.

title: XXXX : novel treatments for @entity1442 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity1199 or @entity3027 induce remissions and prolong life in @entity1 carefully selected for a possibly toxic treatment. However, there is a need for better-tolerated and more effective therapies, especially in @entity1 with co-morbidities and those resistant to systemic immunotherapy. Recent achievements in the treatment of advanced @entity1358 highlight potentially significant improvements. RECENT FINDINGS: Cytoreductive surgery or radiation of metastases seems beneficial in well-selected @entity1 , especially as immunotherapy is available. Immune cells within the @entity5 correlate with response and survival, indicating the importance of local immune modulation. Such modulation has allowed the introduction of well-tolerated treatments such as the inhalation of @entity1199 to control lung metastases, which results in a significant survival benefit for high-risk @entity1 , as suggested by a recent outcome study in 200 patients. Antibody-based @entity5 targeting against cG250, specifically expressed on @entity1358 , seems to stabilize progressive @entity3 and does not induce @entity137 . Vaccination strategies are also well tolerated, but have not yet shown convincing results in @entity1442 . Other approaches have not fulfilled expectations. @entity2816 has significant @entity2359 and its efficacy was not confirmed in recent studies. Stem cell transplantation has significant @entity137 , and cannot yet be recommended, but may have future potential. SUMMARY: Cytokine-based immunotherapy can now be considered standard in the treatment of @entity1358 . There is good evidence that additional local procedures such as surgery, radiation or the inhalation of @entity1199 improve response and survival in @entity3 with moderate @entity137 , resulting in a significant improvement for @entity1 suitable for these approaches.

title: @entity1358 : novel treatments for XXXX .

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['advanced disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared long-term health-related quality-of-life outcome after randomization to immediate elective repair or imaging surveillance, and in relation to time of elective repair, in @entity1 with small asymptomatic @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was carried out in 16 Veterans Affairs medical centers. Study subjects were @entity1 at good surgical risk, aged 50 to 79 years, with AAAs 4.0 to 5.4 cm in diameter. Interventions included immediate open surgical @entity1028 repair or imaging surveillance every 6 months with repair reserved for AAAs that became symptomatic or enlarged to 5.5 cm. Main outcome measures considered were SF-36 health status questionnaire, prevalence of @entity323 , and maximum activity level, which were determined at randomization and at all follow-up visits. RESULTS: Eleven hundred thirty-six @entity1 were randomized and followed up for 3.5 to 8 years (mean, 4.9 years). The two randomized groups did not differ significantly for most SF-36 scales at most times, but the immediate repair group scored higher overall in general health (P <.0001), which was particularly evident in the first 2 years after randomization, and slightly lower in vitality (P <.05). The baseline value of one SF-36 scale, physical functioning, was an independent predictor of mortality. Overall, more @entity1 became @entity323 after randomization to immediate repair compared with surveillance (P <.03), but this difference did not become apparent until more than 1 year after randomization. Maximum activity level did not differ significantly between the two randomized groups, but decline over time was significantly greater in the immediate repair group (P <.02). CONCLUSIONS: For most quality-of-life measures and times there was no difference between randomized groups. Immediate repair resulted in a higher prevalence of @entity323 more than 1 year after randomization, but was also associated with improved perception of general health in the first 2 years.

title: Quality of life, XXXX , and activity level in a randomized trial of immediate repair versus surveillance of small @entity1028 .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence', 'impotent']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['impotence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared long-term health-related quality-of-life outcome after randomization to immediate elective repair or imaging surveillance, and in relation to time of elective repair, in @entity1 with small asymptomatic @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was carried out in 16 Veterans Affairs medical centers. Study subjects were @entity1 at good surgical risk, aged 50 to 79 years, with AAAs 4.0 to 5.4 cm in diameter. Interventions included immediate open surgical @entity1028 repair or imaging surveillance every 6 months with repair reserved for AAAs that became symptomatic or enlarged to 5.5 cm. Main outcome measures considered were SF-36 health status questionnaire, prevalence of @entity323 , and maximum activity level, which were determined at randomization and at all follow-up visits. RESULTS: Eleven hundred thirty-six @entity1 were randomized and followed up for 3.5 to 8 years (mean, 4.9 years). The two randomized groups did not differ significantly for most SF-36 scales at most times, but the immediate repair group scored higher overall in general health (P <.0001), which was particularly evident in the first 2 years after randomization, and slightly lower in vitality (P <.05). The baseline value of one SF-36 scale, physical functioning, was an independent predictor of mortality. Overall, more @entity1 became @entity323 after randomization to immediate repair compared with surveillance (P <.03), but this difference did not become apparent until more than 1 year after randomization. Maximum activity level did not differ significantly between the two randomized groups, but decline over time was significantly greater in the immediate repair group (P <.02). CONCLUSIONS: For most quality-of-life measures and times there was no difference between randomized groups. Immediate repair resulted in a higher prevalence of @entity323 more than 1 year after randomization, but was also associated with improved perception of general health in the first 2 years.

title: Quality of life, @entity323 , and activity level in a randomized trial of immediate repair versus surveillance of small XXXX .

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although beta blockers are frequently used for the prevention of recurrences of vaso-vagal @entity1163 , the prediction of the long-term efficacy of this treatment is difficult. AIM: To assess whether the result of tilt testing with an intravenous beta blocker can predict the long-term efficacy of beta blockade. METHODS: The study group consisted of 62 @entity1 (29 females, mean age 32.8+/-12.3 years and 33 males, mean age 35.9+/-18.2 years) with at least two @entity1163 during the six months preceding positive tilt testing. After baseline tilt test, @entity1169 in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight was administered intravenously and the tilt test was repeated. Beta blockade was defined effective if the second tilt test was negative (complete efficacy) or the time to @entity1163 during tilt testing was increased compared with the baseline tilting (partial efficacy). All @entity1 received chronic @entity1169 treatment and were followed for one year or till the recurrence of @entity1163 . RESULTS: Intravenous @entity1169 prevented (n=33) or delayed (n=18) @entity1163 during tilt testing in 51 (82%) @entity1 whereas it was ineffective in the remaining 11 (18%) @entity1 . During 8.6+/-6.7 (range 1-14) months of follow-up, 20 (32%) @entity1 had @entity1163 recurrence; 13 (25%) from the group with effective intravenous @entity1169 versus 7 (64%) @entity1 in whom intravenous @entity1169 did not prevent @entity1163 during tilt testing (p<0.015). Analysis of survival without a recurrence of @entity1163 revealed a significant relationship between the results of tilt testing with intravenous @entity1169 and the efficacy of long-term beta-blocker therapy (p<0.003). There were no significant differences between the predictive value of tilt testing with @entity1169 between @entity1 with complete or partial @entity1169 efficacy (NS) whereas significant differences between each of these two groups and @entity1 with ineffective intravenous @entity1169 were noted (p<0.04 and p<0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1169 administered intravenously prevents @entity1163 during tilt testing in a significant proportion of @entity1 . Both complete or partial efficacy of intravenous @entity1169 predict long-term efficacy of chronic beta blocker therapy in @entity1 with vaso-vagal @entity1163 .

title: The usefulness of tilt testing with an intravenous beta-blocker in assessing the efficacy of long-term therapy in XXXX with vasovagal syncope.

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'syncopal episodes']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to radiographically measure the bone density at the peri-implant region after osseointegration and to compare the relative bone density achieved by different surface-treated implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four different types of implant surfaces were compared, using five young-adult male mongrel @entity235 . The first, second, third, and fourth lower premolars were extracted. Ninety days after removal, four 3.75-mm diameter and 10-mm long screw implants (Paragon) were placed with different surface treatments in the lower hemiarches. The @entity235 received two implants each of the following surface treatments: 1) smooth (machined); 2) @entity702 plasma spray: 3) hydroxyapatite coating; and 4) sandblasting with soluble particles. The implants were maintained unloaded for 90 days. After this period, the animals were killed and the hemimandibles were extracted and radiographed. The grey level of the bone adjacent to implants was measured with a specific software tool (line histogram) and the relative bone density was calculated. RESULTS: The four different surface treatments promote different numeric levels of bone density around the dental implants (sandblasting with soluble particles, 52.45 +/- 2.95; @entity702 plasma spray, 53.98 +/- 3.67; machined, 55.78 +/- 3.06, and @entity692 coating, 58.2 +/- 2.71). Therefore, the implants can be ranked in terms of relative bone density from high to low as follows: sandblasting with soluble particles, @entity702 plasma spray, machined, and hydroxyapatite coating. There were no statistically significant differences in bone density among the four groups (P = 0.1130, analysis of variance). CONCLUSION: Surface treatments that add roughness to the implant show numerically higher bone density when compared with machined surfaces. The findings of radiographic density analysis suggest that the soluble blasting media-treated surface provides a greater bone density at the peri-implant region.

title: Radiographic evaluation of dental implants with different surface treatments: an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: Psychiatric symptoms related to interferon ( @entity3027 ) treatment for chronic @entity99 have been a crucial issue in consultation liaison psychiatry. In this report we present a hypothesis regarding the development of @entity146 symptoms. There were marked differences in the incidence of @entity146 symptoms among studies. This may be because @entity146 symptoms are readily overlooked in routine practice in the Department of Internal Medicine, and because @entity3027 treatment frequently causes transient @entity308 . It was speculated that @entity146 intervention was required in 10-19% of the @entity1 . We found that among @entity146 symptoms related to @entity3027 treatment, @entity308 with @entity146 and @entity148 was commonly observed. In many case reports, @entity1316 was noted as a precursory or residual symptom of @entity933 and @entity1833 /delusion. We present management guidelines for @entity146 symptoms in @entity3027 treatment, and propose that self-assessment scaling should be performed before and during treatment to detect @entity146 symptoms in the early stage, and that @entity1 with suspected symptoms should be promptly referred to the Department of Psychiatry. We introduce an open study of antidepressant treatment for @entity308 related to @entity3027 treatment, and recommend aggressive administration of antidepressants. @entity3027 treatment should be discontinued in @entity1 with: moderate or severe suicidal ideation or suicide attempt, @entity308 that does not respond to antidepressant treatment, @entity162 state, @entity1833 /delusion, or @entity933 .

title: [Psychiatric symptoms related to interferon treatment for chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'irritation']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucination']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cholestasis activates nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB), which is involved in both hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, depending on the cellular microenvironment. We hypothesized that NFkappaB inhibition would decrease hepatocyte proliferation and potentiate hepatocyte apoptosis in a @entity35 model of @entity2876 . AIM: To determine if NFkappaB inhibition concomitantly decreases hepatocyte proliferation and increases apoptosis in @entity3883 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male @entity35 underwent either sham operation or bile-duct ligation (BDL) combined with portal vein injection of vehicle or 6 x 10(9) particles of an adenovirus carrying either the control luciferase or the IkappaB super-repressor (AdIkappaBSR) transgenes. Liver was harvested 3, 5, and 7 days after sham operation or BDL, and immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and terminal @entity1977 nick end-labeling was performed for detection of DNA synthesis and apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS: Increased serum total @entity648 and @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained liver sections confirmed @entity1448 in BDL animals. Western blot analysis demonstrated IkappaBSR protein expression in AdIkappaBSR-infected animals only. At day 7, NFkappaB inhibition decreased hepatocyte DNA synthesis in BDL @entity35 compared to both adenovirus carrying the control luciferase and vehicle-treated controls. Apoptosis was increased in BDL vehicle-treated animals compared to sham-operation animals, but NFkappaB inhibition did not alter hepatocyte apoptosis in the BDL group. CONCLUSION: In obstructive @entity1448 , NFkappaB is required for hepatocyte proliferation, but does not augment apoptosis.

title: NFkappaB inhibition decreases hepatocyte proliferation but does not alter apoptosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['obstructive jaundice']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) were adenovirally engineered to constitutively and durably secrete the potent Th1-biasing cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 (AdIL12DC) and/or @entity6026 (AdIL18DC) and evaluated for their ability to promote therapeutic antitumor immunity in @entity19 @entity242 models. Injection of either AdIL12DC or AdIL18DC into day 7 CMS4 or MethA @entity5 resulted in @entity5 rejection or slowed @entity5 growth when compared with control cohorts. Importantly, intratumoral injection with DCs engineered to secrete both IL-12 and @entity6026 ( @entity6026 ) resulted in complete and the most acute rejection of any treatment group analyzed. This strategy was also effective in promoting the regression of contralateral, untreated @entity5 . Both @entity1961 + and CD8+ T cells were required for @entity5 rejection. CD8+ splenic T cells from @entity19 treated with @entity6026 produced the highest levels of @entity60 in response to @entity5 rechallenge in vitro and displayed the broadest repertoire of Tc1-type reactivity to acid-eluted, @entity5 -derived peptides among all treatment cohorts. This apparent enhancement in cross-presentation of @entity5 -associated epitopes in vivo may result from the increased capacity of engineered DCs to kill @entity5 cells, survive @entity5 -induced apoptosis, and present immunogenic MHC/ @entity5 peptide complexes to T cells after intratumoral injection. In support of this hypothesis, cytokine gene-engineered DCs expressed higher levels of MHC and costimulatory molecules, as well as Fas ligand and membrane-bound @entity5 necrosis factor alpha, with the latter markers associated with elevated tumoricidal activity in vitro. Cytokine gene-engineered DCs appeared to have a survival advantage in situ when injected into @entity5 lesions, to be found in approximation with regions of @entity5 apoptosis, and to have the capacity to ingest apoptotic @entity5 bodies. These results support the ability of combined cytokine gene transfer to enhance multiple effector functions mediated by intralesionally injected DCs that may concertedly promote cross-priming and the accelerated immune-mediated rejection of @entity5 .

title: Intratumoral delivery of dendritic cells engineered to secrete both interleukin (IL)-12 and XXXX effectively treats local and distant disease in association with broadly reactive Tc1-type immunity.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity6026 :: (16173(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-18']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Biomechanical study. OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the biomechanical comparison of @entity291 spines instrumented with a wedge alone versus a wedge-rod construct for the fusionless correction of @entity1635 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Current techniques for the correction of @entity1635 require either anterior or posterior spinal fusion for correction. We propose a technique allowing correction via @entity27789 along with fixation using a wedge-rod construct without the requirement of intervertebral segment fusion. METHODS: @entity291 spines were used to test the biomechanical difference between the intact spine, transverse osteotomized spine with wedge-rod reconstruction, and transverse osteotomized spine with wedge alone reconstruction. Unconstrained segments (L1-L5) were first tested under five nondestructive static loading conditions to evaluate the intact stability of the operative motion segments in axial compression (-600 N), @entity717 (+/-5.0 Nm, 150 axial preload), flexion and extension (+/-5.0 Nm), and lateral bending (+/-5.0 Nm). Following the intact analysis, @entity13949 in the transverse plane were performed at the L2, L3, and L4 levels. The defects were reconstructed using the Sofamor Danek Wedge Spacer, and stainless steel TSRH one-quarter inch single rod with modified @entity1050 HORIZON 6.5-mm diameter vertebral body screws at each level (L2-L4). Standard @entity1050 HORIZON 6.5-mm bone screws and staples were used at the superior and inferior ends of the five-level construct. The wedge was on the left side and the rod and screw heads on the right side. After testing the reconstructed specimen, the TSRH rod was removed and the construct retested to evaluate the stability of the wedge alone reconstruction. RESULTS: Construct stiffness was calculated as the peak applied load (N or Nm) divided by the corresponding segmental displacement (mm or degrees) normalized to the intact specimen. Reconstruction static data are expressed as a percentage change from the intact condition. Statistical analysis included descriptives, a one-way analysis of variance, and the Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparisons among the reconstruction groups. Axial compression: under axial compressive loads, the stiffness of the wedge-rod construct was approximately equal to that of the intact group. The stiffness of the wedge alone construct was 56% less than that of the intact group except for extension and left lateral bending. For the other modes of loading ( @entity717 , @entity717 , flexion, extension, right lateral bending, and left lateral bending), the wedge-rod construct was stiffer than that of the intact group. The stiffness of the wedge alone construct was consistently less than that of the intact group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this biomechanical comparison, the @entity291 spines instrumented with the wedge-rod system for fusionless correction were significantly stiffer as compared to the intact @entity291 spine. The wedges alone were not as stiff as the intact spine. This suggests that the theory of performing transverse osteotomies of vertebral bodies with fixation with wedge-rod construct for 8 to 12 weeks, followed by removal of the rod, could provide adequate fixation and correction of a @entity85 without requiring fusion of motion segments.

title: Preclinical testing of a wedge-rod system for fusionless correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27789 :: ('MESH:C536543', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral body osteotomies']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity13949 :: ('MESH:C537350', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral wedge osteotomies']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axial rotation', 'right rotation', 'left rotation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['scoliotic deformity']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Endovascular stent-graft repair has great potential in treatment of @entity2334 . This study analyzed a single center's experience with first-generation commercially produced thoracic stent grafts used to treat descending @entity2334 . METHODS: Over 58 months 84 @entity1 underwent endovascular stent-graft repair of descending @entity2334 ; 22 @entity1 received the Gore TAG stent graft, and 62 @entity1 received the Talent thoracic endovascular stent-graft system. Each @entity1 was enrolled in one of three distinct US Food and Drug Administration trials at Mount Sinai Medical Center in accordance with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, including suitability for open surgery, @entity439 anatomy, and presence of comorbid medical illness. Mean age of this cohort was 71 +/- 12 years. There were 54 @entity1 and 30 @entity1 , and 74 (88%) had three or more comorbid illnesses. Primary technical success was achieved in 76 @entity1 (90%). Mean follow-up was 15 months (range, 0-52 months). RESULTS: Successful @entity439 exclusion was achieved in 69 @entity1 (82%). Major procedure-related or device-related complications occurred in 32 @entity1 (38%). There were six proximal @entity177 (8%), four @entity177 (6%), one intergraft failure (1%), two mechanical device failures (3%), five periprocedural deaths (6%), and five late @entity1756 (6%). At 40 months, overall survival was 67% (+/-10%), and freedom from @entity397 or from type I or @entity1070 was 74% (+/-10%). CONCLUSION: While promising, this midterm experience with commercially available devices highlights the shortcomings of current stent-graft technology. Three significant advancements are required to fulfill the potential of this important treatment method: a stent graft with a durable proximal and distal fixation device, enhanced engineering to accommodate high @entity2334 , and a mechanism to adapt to aortic arch and visceral segment branches to enable treatment of lesions that extend to or include these vessels.

title: Challenges of endovascular tube graft repair of XXXX : midterm follow-up and lessons learned.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type III endoleak']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['attachment failures', 'distal attachment failures']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms', 'thoracic aortic fatigue forces']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm ruptures']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic ligation of perforating veins ( @entity937 [ @entity937 ]) is valuable in treatment of venous @entity1066 on the medial aspect of the lower leg. Venous ulcerations on the lateral aspect of the lower leg are less common, but are of equal clinical importance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Over 4 years we performed @entity937 on the lateral aspect of the lower leg in 13 @entity1 . Preoperative and postoperative duplex scanning of the perforating veins was performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 53 months (range, 33-81 months). @entity3179 was achieved in six @entity1 within 6 months. Ulceration persisted in six @entity1 , and @entity1066 recurred in three @entity1 after 17, 29, and 60 months, respectively. Postoperative duplex scans showed persistent insufficient perforating veins in about 25% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: There is a considerable difference between the results of @entity937 on the medial side of the lower leg and the same procedure on the lateral side. @entity937 on the lateral side of the lower leg, as performed in this small series, does not contribute to @entity1066 or recurrence. A considerable number of perforating veins are missed at surgery, resulting in persistent insufficient perforating veins postoperatively. The poor results of this study emphasize the need for adequate anatomic information to improve the surgical outcome.

title: Subfascial endoscopic perforating vein surgery as treatment for lateral perforating vein incompetence and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['subfascial endoscopic perforating vein surgery', 'SEPS']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['Complete healing of venous ulcer']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous ulceration']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of @entity1007 in a predominantly African American, innercity @entity662 observation unit (CPOU) @entity1 population, and to estimate the percentage of @entity1 eligible for @entity165 -lowering therapy as indicated by the 2001 National @entity165 Education Program guidelines. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design utilizing a convenience sample of @entity1 from a high-volume urban hospital CPOU. @entity1 with @entity662 suspicious of cardiac etiology who had negative initial electrocardiograms and cardiac markers were assigned to the @entity662 protocol. Consenting subjects were screened for @entity1007 through capillary blood point-of-care testing with a cutoff of 190 mg/dL. Those who tested positive had four-hour fasting complete lipid profiles performed by the central laboratory. RESULTS: There were 112 @entity1 enrolled in this study (mean age = 51 years; 57% male; and 83% African American). Elevated values on the screening test were obtained on 28 [25%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 16.9 to 33.0] of these @entity1 . These @entity1 were found to have a mean four-hour fasting total @entity165 level of 224 mg/dL, a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 138 mg/dL, a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level of 52 mg/dL, and a @entity412 level of 168 mg/dL. Of the @entity1 identified through the screening test, 54% proved eligible for @entity165 -lowering medications and 91.7% of these @entity1 reported an interest in initiating therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, approximately 25% of inner-city CPOU @entity1 are possible candidates for @entity165 -lowering interventions. Benefits of initiating therapy during this potential "teachable moment" in a CPOU should be investigated in a subsequent multicenter randomized trial.

title: Untreated XXXX in an emergency department @entity662 observation unit population.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of @entity1007 in a predominantly African American, innercity @entity662 observation unit (CPOU) @entity1 population, and to estimate the percentage of @entity1 eligible for @entity165 -lowering therapy as indicated by the 2001 National @entity165 Education Program guidelines. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design utilizing a convenience sample of @entity1 from a high-volume urban hospital CPOU. @entity1 with @entity662 suspicious of cardiac etiology who had negative initial electrocardiograms and cardiac markers were assigned to the @entity662 protocol. Consenting subjects were screened for @entity1007 through capillary blood point-of-care testing with a cutoff of 190 mg/dL. Those who tested positive had four-hour fasting complete lipid profiles performed by the central laboratory. RESULTS: There were 112 @entity1 enrolled in this study (mean age = 51 years; 57% male; and 83% African American). Elevated values on the screening test were obtained on 28 [25%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 16.9 to 33.0] of these @entity1 . These @entity1 were found to have a mean four-hour fasting total @entity165 level of 224 mg/dL, a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 138 mg/dL, a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level of 52 mg/dL, and a @entity412 level of 168 mg/dL. Of the @entity1 identified through the screening test, 54% proved eligible for @entity165 -lowering medications and 91.7% of these @entity1 reported an interest in initiating therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, approximately 25% of inner-city CPOU @entity1 are possible candidates for @entity165 -lowering interventions. Benefits of initiating therapy during this potential "teachable moment" in a CPOU should be investigated in a subsequent multicenter randomized trial.

title: Untreated @entity1007 in an emergency department XXXX observation unit population.

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1 -reported health status measures have been used as end points in clinical trials, they are rarely used in other settings. Demonstrating that they independently predict mortality and hospitalizations among outpatients with @entity301 could emphasize their clinical value. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study evaluated the prognostic utility of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), a disease-specific health status measure for @entity1 with @entity453 . @entity1 were enrolled in a prospective cohort study from 6 Veterans Affairs General Internal Medicine Clinics. All @entity1 reporting @entity453 who completed a SAQ and had 1 year of follow-up were analyzed (n=5558). SAQ predictor variables were the physical limitation, @entity951 stability, @entity951 frequency, and quality-of-life scores. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality, and a secondary outcome was hospitalization for @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). Lower SAQ scores were associated with increased risks of mortality and @entity1187 admissions. Prognostic models controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics demonstrated significant independent mortality risk with lower SAQ physical limitation scores; odds ratios for mild, moderate, and severe limitation were 1.5, 2.0, and 4.0 versus minimal limitation (P<0.001). Odds ratios for mild, moderate, and severe @entity951 frequency were 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 (P=0.078). The odds ratios for @entity1187 admission among those with mild, moderate, and severe @entity951 frequency were 1.4, 2.0, and 2.2, respectively (P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: SAQ scores are independently associated with 1-year mortality and @entity1187 among outpatients with @entity301 and may serve a valuable role in the risk stratification of such @entity1 .

title: Health status predicts long-term outcome in outpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: Fas and the @entity5 necrosis factor receptor ( @entity20081 regulate the programmed cell death of lymphocytes. The death domain kinase, receptor interacting protein (rip), is recruited to the @entity20081 upon receptor activation. In vitro, rip-/- fibroblasts are sensitive to TNF-induced cell death due to an impaired nuclear factor kappaB response. Because rip-/- @entity19 die at birth, we were unable to examine the effects of a targeted rip mutation on lymphocyte survival. To address the contribution of RIP to immune homeostasis, we examined lethally irradiated @entity19 reconstituted with rip-/- hematopoietic precursors. We observed a decrease in rip-/- thymocytes and T cells in both wild-type @entity70902 -/- irradiated hosts. In contrast, the B cell and myeloid lineages are unaffected by the absence of rip. Thus, the death domain kinase rip is required for T cell development. Unlike Fas-associated death domain, rip does not regulate T cell proliferation, as rip-/- T cells respond to polyclonal activators. However, @entity1131 @entity19 contain few viable @entity1961 + and CD8+ thymocytes, and rip-/- thymocytes are sensitive to TNF-induced cell death. Surprisingly, the rip-associated thymocyte apoptosis was not rescued by the absence of @entity20081 , but appears to be rescued by an absence of @entity20081 . Taken together, this study implicates RIP and @entity20081 in thymocyte survival.

title: The death domain kinase RIP protects thymocytes from XXXX necrosis factor receptor type 2-induced cell death.

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['rip-deficient']

entities_list: @entity70902 :: ('19373;12274', 'Gene') :: ['C57BL/6 and recombination activating gene 1']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Our study aims to examine changes in red cell and plasma antioxidant components in relation to age and aortic lesion development in SUS @entity5872 during a 12-week period of dietary @entity165 supplementation. One hundred adult SUS males were divided into 5 treatment groups and were fed either a control or a @entity165 -supplemented (0.5% w/w) diet. Birds were sacrificed after 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks on the diets and examined for plaque development and antioxidant components status. "Aging" was associated with increases in the activity of red cell SOD and GPx. Significant correlations among red cell GRd, GPx and SOD activities were found in old but not in younger adult birds. Plasma @entity412 levels increased, while plasma @entity4793 level decreased with aging. With birds on the @entity165 diet, plaque score increased with time and regressed significantly but negatively on plasma @entity165 level at the initial stage of atherogenesis. Aortic @entity1674 showed a drastic increase in the early stage of atherogenesis but returned to the pretreatment level during the late stage. Conversely, aortic @entity165 showed small increases at the early stages but large increases during the late stage. Red cell antioxidant components showed increases at the early and late stages with a leveling off at the mid stage. Plasma GRd activity decreased while plasma @entity4793 level increased (after adjusting for the effect of effect of aging) with @entity165 feeding. We conclude that the increase in plasma @entity412 levels and associations among red blood cell GRd, GPx and SOD activities in "old" birds fed the control diet resembled the situation in the early stages of atherogenesis in the @entity165 -fed birds. This would be consistent with the known permissive effect of aging on the course of atherogenesis. Triglycerides may play a crucial role in atherogenesis during the early phase of lesion development. Early and late phases of lesion development are biochemically distinct, indicating that the process of atherogenesis is a highly dynamic one. The patterns of antioxidant alterations associated with lesion development showed a complex time-dependence.

title: Red cell and plasma antioxidant components and atherosclerosis in XXXX : a time-course study.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quail']


abstract: @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity5 in @entity1 and @entity1 in the United States, accounting for 28% of all @entity5 fatalities. More than two thirds of @entity1 present with metastatic disease at the time of presentation. Despite improvements in chemotherapy and combined treatment modalities, the survival rate remains below 15%. However, recent advances in our understanding of the biology of @entity2 and @entity105 have led to the development of novel therapies directed at @entity5 -specific targets. These targets are crucial components in important pathways for cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Strategies that interfere with these pathways include monoclonal antibodies directed at growth factors or their receptors, immunotoxins, ligand toxins, antisense molecules, ribozymes, and small-molecule inhibitors. Novel cell surface antigens are being used in vaccines developed to stimulate T-cell-specific immunity. The @entity5 cells also have specific survival requirements in their local environment that are necessary for invasion, angiogenesis, and @entity3 . Many new therapeutic strategies are designed to interfere with these requirements. This article reviews many of these recent developments and new therapeutic possibilities; ideally, in the near future, these developments will be implemented in the treatment of @entity2 @entity1 and in early detection and chemoprevention strategies.

title: Expression of target molecules in XXXX : challenge for a new treatment paradigm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity5 size is considered as a limitation for laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The aim of this study was to assess diagnostic characteristics, hemodynamic modifications, and outcome of intraperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy according to the size of @entity1911 . METHODS: Retrospective study from January 1997 to December 2000. Results were evaluated according to the size of pathologic study (< or > or = 5 cm). RESULTS: Forty two @entity1 underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy during this period. Among them, 11 (26%) were operated on for @entity1911 (6 @entity1 < 5 cm and 5 @entity1 > or = 5 cm). Preoperative systolic @entity101 was 138 mmHg and 178 mmHg respectively (p = 0.01). Urinary @entity6533 / @entity6531 rate was 1.259 and 0.268 respectively (p = 0.08). Capsular @entity5 effraction rate was 27%. @entity5 size was 37% larger than that estimated by CT scan (24% versus 52%). Mean hospital stay was 10 days and 8 days respectively. Morbidity and mortality were 18% and 0%. All these criteria were not statistically significant among the two groups of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1911 size > or = 5 cm do not modify outcome of @entity1 but is responsible for preferential noradrenaline secretion and stronger hemodynamic modifications. @entity5 fragmentation rate and CT scan size underestimation seem important in this group of @entity1 . These characteristics have to be integrated to improve laparoscopic adrenalectomy outcome of @entity1 with @entity1911 > or = 5 cm.

title: [Does the size of XXXX influence the results of its laparoscopic excision?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6531 :: ('MESH:D009647', 'Chemical') :: ['normetanephrine']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'adrenal pheochromocytoma', 'Pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity6533 :: ('MESH:D008676', 'Chemical') :: ['metanephrine']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: There are conflicting reports on the effect of soy and its components on mammary carcinogenesis in adult female @entity35 , mainly because of different rodent models that are used in chemoprevention studies. The present study was undertaken to compare the @entity5 -preventative effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and two of its @entity6400 in a "standard" model that had been used for the identification of many chemopreventive agents. Six groups of female @entity35 were provided with modified cornstarch AIN-76A diets supplemented as follows: no additional agents (control), purified @entity670 (200 mg/kg diet), purified @entity8139 (200 mg/kg diet), @entity670 + @entity8139 (100 mg/kg diet each), SPI containing normal levels of @entity6400 (SPI-n), or SPI depleted of @entity6400 (SPI-d). @entity189 were induced by @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) introduced 1 wk after the animals began consuming the experimental diets. At the end of the study (120 days after @entity106 treatment), no significant differences were found among the six groups with respect to @entity5 incidence or survival, nor was there a significant @entity5 multiplicity in the @entity670 or @entity670 + @entity8139 group. However, there was a 32% @entity5 multiplicity in the @entity8139 and SPI-n groups relative to the control group (P < 0.05). The most effective diet was SPI-d, which produced a 50% @entity5 multiplicity relative to the control (P < 0.01). The difference between the SPI-d group and the @entity8139 or SPI-n group was not significant. Median @entity5 latency was increased from 53 days in the control group to 68 days in the @entity8139 group and to 72 days in the SPI-d group, but these differences were not statistically significant. These results show that @entity8139 and SPI (with normal or low levels of @entity6400 ) are effective inhibitors of @entity106 -induced @entity5 in adult @entity35 .

title: Chemopreventive effects of soy protein and purified soy @entity6400 on XXXX -induced @entity5 in female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'reduction in tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Mammary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity106 :: (MESH:D015127,Chemical) :: ['DMBA']


abstract: There are conflicting reports on the effect of soy and its components on mammary carcinogenesis in adult female @entity35 , mainly because of different rodent models that are used in chemoprevention studies. The present study was undertaken to compare the @entity5 -preventative effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and two of its @entity6400 in a "standard" model that had been used for the identification of many chemopreventive agents. Six groups of female @entity35 were provided with modified cornstarch AIN-76A diets supplemented as follows: no additional agents (control), purified @entity670 (200 mg/kg diet), purified @entity8139 (200 mg/kg diet), @entity670 + @entity8139 (100 mg/kg diet each), SPI containing normal levels of @entity6400 (SPI-n), or SPI depleted of @entity6400 (SPI-d). @entity189 were induced by @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) introduced 1 wk after the animals began consuming the experimental diets. At the end of the study (120 days after @entity106 treatment), no significant differences were found among the six groups with respect to @entity5 incidence or survival, nor was there a significant @entity5 multiplicity in the @entity670 or @entity670 + @entity8139 group. However, there was a 32% @entity5 multiplicity in the @entity8139 and SPI-n groups relative to the control group (P < 0.05). The most effective diet was SPI-d, which produced a 50% @entity5 multiplicity relative to the control (P < 0.01). The difference between the SPI-d group and the @entity8139 or SPI-n group was not significant. Median @entity5 latency was increased from 53 days in the control group to 68 days in the @entity8139 group and to 72 days in the SPI-d group, but these differences were not statistically significant. These results show that @entity8139 and SPI (with normal or low levels of @entity6400 ) are effective inhibitors of @entity106 -induced @entity5 in adult @entity35 .

title: Chemopreventive effects of soy protein and purified soy XXXX on @entity106 -induced @entity5 in female @entity35 .

answer: @entity6400 :: (MESH:D007529,Chemical) :: ['isoflavones']


abstract: There are conflicting reports on the effect of soy and its components on mammary carcinogenesis in adult female @entity35 , mainly because of different rodent models that are used in chemoprevention studies. The present study was undertaken to compare the @entity5 -preventative effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and two of its @entity6400 in a "standard" model that had been used for the identification of many chemopreventive agents. Six groups of female @entity35 were provided with modified cornstarch AIN-76A diets supplemented as follows: no additional agents (control), purified @entity670 (200 mg/kg diet), purified @entity8139 (200 mg/kg diet), @entity670 + @entity8139 (100 mg/kg diet each), SPI containing normal levels of @entity6400 (SPI-n), or SPI depleted of @entity6400 (SPI-d). @entity189 were induced by @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) introduced 1 wk after the animals began consuming the experimental diets. At the end of the study (120 days after @entity106 treatment), no significant differences were found among the six groups with respect to @entity5 incidence or survival, nor was there a significant @entity5 multiplicity in the @entity670 or @entity670 + @entity8139 group. However, there was a 32% @entity5 multiplicity in the @entity8139 and SPI-n groups relative to the control group (P < 0.05). The most effective diet was SPI-d, which produced a 50% @entity5 multiplicity relative to the control (P < 0.01). The difference between the SPI-d group and the @entity8139 or SPI-n group was not significant. Median @entity5 latency was increased from 53 days in the control group to 68 days in the @entity8139 group and to 72 days in the SPI-d group, but these differences were not statistically significant. These results show that @entity8139 and SPI (with normal or low levels of @entity6400 ) are effective inhibitors of @entity106 -induced @entity5 in adult @entity35 .

title: Chemopreventive effects of soy protein and purified soy @entity6400 on @entity106 -induced XXXX in female @entity35 .

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['mammary tumors']


abstract: There are conflicting reports on the effect of soy and its components on mammary carcinogenesis in adult female @entity35 , mainly because of different rodent models that are used in chemoprevention studies. The present study was undertaken to compare the @entity5 -preventative effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and two of its @entity6400 in a "standard" model that had been used for the identification of many chemopreventive agents. Six groups of female @entity35 were provided with modified cornstarch AIN-76A diets supplemented as follows: no additional agents (control), purified @entity670 (200 mg/kg diet), purified @entity8139 (200 mg/kg diet), @entity670 + @entity8139 (100 mg/kg diet each), SPI containing normal levels of @entity6400 (SPI-n), or SPI depleted of @entity6400 (SPI-d). @entity189 were induced by @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) introduced 1 wk after the animals began consuming the experimental diets. At the end of the study (120 days after @entity106 treatment), no significant differences were found among the six groups with respect to @entity5 incidence or survival, nor was there a significant @entity5 multiplicity in the @entity670 or @entity670 + @entity8139 group. However, there was a 32% @entity5 multiplicity in the @entity8139 and SPI-n groups relative to the control group (P < 0.05). The most effective diet was SPI-d, which produced a 50% @entity5 multiplicity relative to the control (P < 0.01). The difference between the SPI-d group and the @entity8139 or SPI-n group was not significant. Median @entity5 latency was increased from 53 days in the control group to 68 days in the @entity8139 group and to 72 days in the SPI-d group, but these differences were not statistically significant. These results show that @entity8139 and SPI (with normal or low levels of @entity6400 ) are effective inhibitors of @entity106 -induced @entity5 in adult @entity35 .

title: Chemopreventive effects of soy protein and purified soy @entity6400 on @entity106 -induced @entity5 in female XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: The goal of this study was to develop a molasses- @entity1133 block (MUB) for purposes of supplementing trace minerals to domestic ruminant livestock in Oman. To accomplish this, the utility of molasses and date syrup as fermentable energy sources, of straw, date flakes and @entity3505 bran as fibre sources, and of cement and lime as binders were evaluated. The proportion of cement needed for adequate hardening of the block was also studied. Molasses- and date syrup-based blocks hardened equally well. However, the higher cost of date syrup precluded its use. @entity3505 straw yielded a low-density block that hardened slowly. Date fibre retained moisture and hardened @entity1746 slowly. @entity3505 bran-based blocks hardened quickly and yielded dense blocks. Hence, @entity3505 bran was judged to be the superior source of fibre. Lime did not effectively bind the blocks. A cement content of 15% allowed hardening of the blocks within 2-3 weeks. A level of 10% cement in the block reduced the hardening rate by about 50%. @entity742 and @entity1237 consumed both the straw- and @entity3505 bran-based blocks but at different rates. Consumption of the straw-based block by @entity742 ranged from 50 to 179 g/head per day, whereas the denser @entity3505 bran-based block was consumed at a rate of 8-20 g/head per day. Consumption of the straw-based block by @entity1237 was low (8 g/head per day) compared to that of @entity3505 bran-based blocks (16-24 g/head per day). On the basis of the intake of the bran-based block by @entity742 , a block was designed that would provide approximately 50% of an animal's trace mineral requirements per day. This block consisted of 45% molasses, 10% @entity1133 , 5% trace minerals, 2.5% @entity1219 , 22.5% @entity3505 bran and 15% cement. @entity742 consuming this block gained more weight than @entity742 fed a conventional mineral block or @entity742 receiving no mineral supplementation. MUBs are inexpensive (9.5 US cents/kg). We conclude that MUBs have utility for providing trace elements in ruminant diets.

title: Assessment of molasses- @entity1133 blocks for XXXX and @entity742 production in the Sultanate of Oman: intake and growth studies.

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['extremely']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goat']


abstract: The goal of this study was to develop a molasses- @entity1133 block (MUB) for purposes of supplementing trace minerals to domestic ruminant livestock in Oman. To accomplish this, the utility of molasses and date syrup as fermentable energy sources, of straw, date flakes and @entity3505 bran as fibre sources, and of cement and lime as binders were evaluated. The proportion of cement needed for adequate hardening of the block was also studied. Molasses- and date syrup-based blocks hardened equally well. However, the higher cost of date syrup precluded its use. @entity3505 straw yielded a low-density block that hardened slowly. Date fibre retained moisture and hardened @entity1746 slowly. @entity3505 bran-based blocks hardened quickly and yielded dense blocks. Hence, @entity3505 bran was judged to be the superior source of fibre. Lime did not effectively bind the blocks. A cement content of 15% allowed hardening of the blocks within 2-3 weeks. A level of 10% cement in the block reduced the hardening rate by about 50%. @entity742 and @entity1237 consumed both the straw- and @entity3505 bran-based blocks but at different rates. Consumption of the straw-based block by @entity742 ranged from 50 to 179 g/head per day, whereas the denser @entity3505 bran-based block was consumed at a rate of 8-20 g/head per day. Consumption of the straw-based block by @entity1237 was low (8 g/head per day) compared to that of @entity3505 bran-based blocks (16-24 g/head per day). On the basis of the intake of the bran-based block by @entity742 , a block was designed that would provide approximately 50% of an animal's trace mineral requirements per day. This block consisted of 45% molasses, 10% @entity1133 , 5% trace minerals, 2.5% @entity1219 , 22.5% @entity3505 bran and 15% cement. @entity742 consuming this block gained more weight than @entity742 fed a conventional mineral block or @entity742 receiving no mineral supplementation. MUBs are inexpensive (9.5 US cents/kg). We conclude that MUBs have utility for providing trace elements in ruminant diets.

title: Assessment of molasses- XXXX blocks for @entity1237 and @entity742 production in the Sultanate of Oman: intake and growth studies.

answer: @entity1133 :: (MESH:D014508,Chemical) :: ['urea']


abstract: The goal of this study was to develop a molasses- @entity1133 block (MUB) for purposes of supplementing trace minerals to domestic ruminant livestock in Oman. To accomplish this, the utility of molasses and date syrup as fermentable energy sources, of straw, date flakes and @entity3505 bran as fibre sources, and of cement and lime as binders were evaluated. The proportion of cement needed for adequate hardening of the block was also studied. Molasses- and date syrup-based blocks hardened equally well. However, the higher cost of date syrup precluded its use. @entity3505 straw yielded a low-density block that hardened slowly. Date fibre retained moisture and hardened @entity1746 slowly. @entity3505 bran-based blocks hardened quickly and yielded dense blocks. Hence, @entity3505 bran was judged to be the superior source of fibre. Lime did not effectively bind the blocks. A cement content of 15% allowed hardening of the blocks within 2-3 weeks. A level of 10% cement in the block reduced the hardening rate by about 50%. @entity742 and @entity1237 consumed both the straw- and @entity3505 bran-based blocks but at different rates. Consumption of the straw-based block by @entity742 ranged from 50 to 179 g/head per day, whereas the denser @entity3505 bran-based block was consumed at a rate of 8-20 g/head per day. Consumption of the straw-based block by @entity1237 was low (8 g/head per day) compared to that of @entity3505 bran-based blocks (16-24 g/head per day). On the basis of the intake of the bran-based block by @entity742 , a block was designed that would provide approximately 50% of an animal's trace mineral requirements per day. This block consisted of 45% molasses, 10% @entity1133 , 5% trace minerals, 2.5% @entity1219 , 22.5% @entity3505 bran and 15% cement. @entity742 consuming this block gained more weight than @entity742 fed a conventional mineral block or @entity742 receiving no mineral supplementation. MUBs are inexpensive (9.5 US cents/kg). We conclude that MUBs have utility for providing trace elements in ruminant diets.

title: Assessment of molasses- @entity1133 blocks for @entity1237 and XXXX production in the Sultanate of Oman: intake and growth studies.

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']