abstract: @entity1534 is the causative agent of a variety of @entity1819 , but the clinical relevance of bacterial virulence factors is still controversial. Virulent strains carrying the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) are thought to be key players in disease development. Here, we have compared cagPAI-dependent in vitro responses in @entity1534 isolates obtained from 75 @entity1 with @entity3621 , peptic ulcer, and @entity356 (n = 25 in each group). @entity15206 gastric epithelial cells were infected with each strain and assayed for (i) @entity2757 expression, (ii) translocation and @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity2757 , (iii) @entity7242 inactivation, (iv) cortactin dephosphorylation, (v) induction of actin cytoskeletal rearrangements associated with cell elongation, (vi) induction of cellular motility, and (vii) secretion of @entity687 . Interestingly, we found high but similar prevalences of all of these cagPAI-dependent host cell responses (ranging from 56 to 80%) among the various groups of @entity1 . This study revealed @entity2757 proteins with unique features, @entity2757 subspecies of various sizes, and new functional properties for the phenotypic outcomes. We further showed that induction of @entity15206 cell motility and elongation are two independent processes. Our data corroborate epidemiological studies, which indicate a significant association of cagPAI presence and functionality with histopathological findings in @entity3621 , peptic ulcer, and @entity356 @entity1 , thus emphasizing the importance of the cagPAI for the pathogenicity of @entity1534 . Nevertheless, we found no significant association of the specific @entity1534 -induced responses with any particular @entity1 group. This may indicate that the determination of disease development is highly complex and involves multiple bacterial and/or host factors.

title: Functional analysis of the cag pathogenicity island in @entity1534 isolates from @entity1 with @entity3621 , peptic ulcer, and XXXX .

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity1534 is the causative agent of a variety of @entity1819 , but the clinical relevance of bacterial virulence factors is still controversial. Virulent strains carrying the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) are thought to be key players in disease development. Here, we have compared cagPAI-dependent in vitro responses in @entity1534 isolates obtained from 75 @entity1 with @entity3621 , peptic ulcer, and @entity356 (n = 25 in each group). @entity15206 gastric epithelial cells were infected with each strain and assayed for (i) @entity2757 expression, (ii) translocation and @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity2757 , (iii) @entity7242 inactivation, (iv) cortactin dephosphorylation, (v) induction of actin cytoskeletal rearrangements associated with cell elongation, (vi) induction of cellular motility, and (vii) secretion of @entity687 . Interestingly, we found high but similar prevalences of all of these cagPAI-dependent host cell responses (ranging from 56 to 80%) among the various groups of @entity1 . This study revealed @entity2757 proteins with unique features, @entity2757 subspecies of various sizes, and new functional properties for the phenotypic outcomes. We further showed that induction of @entity15206 cell motility and elongation are two independent processes. Our data corroborate epidemiological studies, which indicate a significant association of cagPAI presence and functionality with histopathological findings in @entity3621 , peptic ulcer, and @entity356 @entity1 , thus emphasizing the importance of the cagPAI for the pathogenicity of @entity1534 . Nevertheless, we found no significant association of the specific @entity1534 -induced responses with any particular @entity1 group. This may indicate that the determination of disease development is highly complex and involves multiple bacterial and/or host factors.

title: Functional analysis of the cag pathogenicity island in @entity1534 isolates from @entity1 with XXXX , peptic ulcer, and @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric diseases']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity3621 :: (MESH:D005756,Disease) :: ['gastritis']


abstract: @entity1534 is the causative agent of a variety of @entity1819 , but the clinical relevance of bacterial virulence factors is still controversial. Virulent strains carrying the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) are thought to be key players in disease development. Here, we have compared cagPAI-dependent in vitro responses in @entity1534 isolates obtained from 75 @entity1 with @entity3621 , peptic ulcer, and @entity356 (n = 25 in each group). @entity15206 gastric epithelial cells were infected with each strain and assayed for (i) @entity2757 expression, (ii) translocation and @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity2757 , (iii) @entity7242 inactivation, (iv) cortactin dephosphorylation, (v) induction of actin cytoskeletal rearrangements associated with cell elongation, (vi) induction of cellular motility, and (vii) secretion of @entity687 . Interestingly, we found high but similar prevalences of all of these cagPAI-dependent host cell responses (ranging from 56 to 80%) among the various groups of @entity1 . This study revealed @entity2757 proteins with unique features, @entity2757 subspecies of various sizes, and new functional properties for the phenotypic outcomes. We further showed that induction of @entity15206 cell motility and elongation are two independent processes. Our data corroborate epidemiological studies, which indicate a significant association of cagPAI presence and functionality with histopathological findings in @entity3621 , peptic ulcer, and @entity356 @entity1 , thus emphasizing the importance of the cagPAI for the pathogenicity of @entity1534 . Nevertheless, we found no significant association of the specific @entity1534 -induced responses with any particular @entity1 group. This may indicate that the determination of disease development is highly complex and involves multiple bacterial and/or host factors.

title: Functional analysis of the cag pathogenicity island in @entity1534 isolates from XXXX with @entity3621 , peptic ulcer, and @entity356 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity4810 has become an important public health problem worldwide. Nowadays the diagnosis of @entity4810 frequently depends on the results of semen quality or requires more invasive surgical intervention. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel approach for early diagnosis of @entity4810 . According to the presence or absence of normal sexual function, the @entity4810 is classified into two phenotypes, @entity323 ( @entity323 ) and @entity854 ( @entity854 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the GC-MS plasma profiles of @entity249 male having @entity323 ( @entity323 ) and having @entity854 ( @entity854 ) and discover the potential biomarkers. The plasma samples from @entity23 ( @entity23 ) (n=61) and @entity249 @entity1 with @entity323 (n=26) or with @entity854 (n=44) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for discrimination and screening potential biomarkers. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed on GC-MS dataset. The results showed that @entity23 could be discriminated from @entity249 cases having @entity854 (AUC=86.96%, sensitivity=78.69%, specificity=84.09%, accuracy=80.95%) and @entity249 cases having @entity323 (AUC=94.33%, sensitivity=80.33%, specificity=100%, accuracy=87.36%). Some potential biomarkers were successfully discovered by two commonly used variable selection methods, variable importance on projection (VIP) and original coefficients of PLS-DA (b). @entity72218 and @entity72219 were identified as the potential biomarkers for distinguishing @entity23 from the @entity4810 @entity1 . Meanwhile, @entity880 , @entity3264 and @entity165 were the found to be the important variables to distinguish between @entity1 with @entity323 from those with @entity854 . The plasma metabolomics may be developed as a novel approach for fast, noninvasive, and acceptable diagnosis and characterization of @entity4810 .

title: A potential tool for diagnosis of XXXX : Plasma metabolomics based on GC-MS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['Male infertility', 'male infertility']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['SA', 'semen abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity72219 :: ('CHEBI:60631', 'Chemical') :: ['a-hydroxyisovaleric acid']

entities_list: @entity72218 :: ('CHEBI:16070', 'Chemical') :: ['1,5-Anhydro-sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male infertility']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3841 , specially its highly leucotoxic strain ( @entity39300 clone), represents an etiological factor for the onset and progression of aggressive types of @entity2521 . The aims of this investigation were to investigate the most relevant periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota of @entity2521 @entity1 from Morocco and to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of subjects positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans, including serotype, leukotoxin gene, and operon of the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) distribution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In consecutive Moroccan subjects diagnosed of @entity2521 , subgingival samples were taken and processed by culture. From the positive samples for A. actinomycetemcomitans, one to three isolates were subcultured and characterized by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), assessing their specific serotype distribution, the variation in the sequences of the leukotoxin gene, and the operon of the cdt. RESULTS: Twenty-one (35.6  %) out of 59 @entity2521 @entity1 @entity1129 . These @entity1 demonstrated statistically significant deeper pockets (p   =   0.035) and higher proportions of P. micra (p   =   0.045) than did the negative group. The 39 studied isolates were serotype "b"; in 16 out of 17 @entity1 , there was mono-colonization with this serotype. Five isolates, from two @entity1 , presented the 530-bp deletion in the leukotoxin's promoter region. Thirty-two isolates (78  % of the strains) were cdt-positive. CONCLUSION: A. actinomycetemcomitans was frequently found (35.6  %) in our sample. All strains were serotype "b," and most (78  %) were also cdt-positive. The @entity39300 strain type was only detected in 12.2  % of the strains. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A. actinomycetemcomitans can be frequently found in Morocco. This fact can influence the therapeutic approach of this type of @entity1 .

title: Characterization of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains in subgingival samples from XXXX subjects in Morocco.

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['harbored A. actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: To determine if regional increases in myocardial contractility, as may occur clinically in @entity951 , @entity583 , or coronary thrombolysis, can initiate the reflex @entity551 that sometimes accompanies these conditions, regional injections of positive inotropic agents were made into 32(3)% of the left ventricular myocardium in seven pneumonectomised @entity235 on total cardiac bypass. The coronary and systemic circulations were isolated and perfused separately. The systemic circulation was perfused at a constant rate so that changes in systemic pressure reflected changes in resistance. Regional injections of doses from 0.001 to 1.0 micrograms @entity1063 in a 0.1 ml volume appreciably increased regional contractility, detected visually and by strain gauge arches, whereas global contractility (left ventricular peak dP/dt) was increased much less. This caused a fall in the systemic pressure (resistance) of 14(2)% below the control value of 78(5)mm Hg, at the largest dose. The decreases in resistance were abolished by bilateral vagotomy, proving their reflex nature. The smaller (0.0001-0.01 micrograms) doses of @entity1063 and the smallest (0.25 micrograms) dose of @entity13981 increased regional contractility almost without increasing global contractility, indicating that the increase in regional contractility was the major cause of the reflex decrease in systemic resistance. In one animal a decrease in contractility in a control myocardial region occurred simultaneously with the experimentally produced increase in regional left ventricular contractility. This decrease may be analogous to the increase in contractility in the non-ischaemic left ventricular myocardium that occurs simultaneously with the decrease in contractility in the ischaemic region in clinical or experimental @entity583 . Left ventricular mechanoreceptors in the region with increased contractility probably initiate the reflex @entity551 that sometimes occurs in both circumstances. Thus in @entity951 or acute @entity583 the reflex @entity551 probably originates in the hyperactive non-ischaemic myocardial region, whereas in coronary arterial thrombolysis it probably originates in the newly reperfused, formerly ischaemic, region.

title: Reflex @entity551 due to regional activation of left ventricular mechanoreceptors to explain the XXXX noted in clinical myocardial ischaemia or reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity13981 :: ('MESH:D014701', 'Chemical') :: ['veratridine']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: To determine if regional increases in myocardial contractility, as may occur clinically in @entity951 , @entity583 , or coronary thrombolysis, can initiate the reflex @entity551 that sometimes accompanies these conditions, regional injections of positive inotropic agents were made into 32(3)% of the left ventricular myocardium in seven pneumonectomised @entity235 on total cardiac bypass. The coronary and systemic circulations were isolated and perfused separately. The systemic circulation was perfused at a constant rate so that changes in systemic pressure reflected changes in resistance. Regional injections of doses from 0.001 to 1.0 micrograms @entity1063 in a 0.1 ml volume appreciably increased regional contractility, detected visually and by strain gauge arches, whereas global contractility (left ventricular peak dP/dt) was increased much less. This caused a fall in the systemic pressure (resistance) of 14(2)% below the control value of 78(5)mm Hg, at the largest dose. The decreases in resistance were abolished by bilateral vagotomy, proving their reflex nature. The smaller (0.0001-0.01 micrograms) doses of @entity1063 and the smallest (0.25 micrograms) dose of @entity13981 increased regional contractility almost without increasing global contractility, indicating that the increase in regional contractility was the major cause of the reflex decrease in systemic resistance. In one animal a decrease in contractility in a control myocardial region occurred simultaneously with the experimentally produced increase in regional left ventricular contractility. This decrease may be analogous to the increase in contractility in the non-ischaemic left ventricular myocardium that occurs simultaneously with the decrease in contractility in the ischaemic region in clinical or experimental @entity583 . Left ventricular mechanoreceptors in the region with increased contractility probably initiate the reflex @entity551 that sometimes occurs in both circumstances. Thus in @entity951 or acute @entity583 the reflex @entity551 probably originates in the hyperactive non-ischaemic myocardial region, whereas in coronary arterial thrombolysis it probably originates in the newly reperfused, formerly ischaemic, region.

title: Reflex XXXX due to regional activation of left ventricular mechanoreceptors to explain the @entity551 noted in clinical myocardial ischaemia or reperfusion.

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: @entity5134 S-95, which displayed an unusually high degree of resistance to @entity581 , including @entity72220 and @entity801 , was isolated in 2002 from a @entity1 in Japan. The resistance was mediated by a large plasmid which was nonconjugative but transferable to an @entity526 recipient by transformation. The gene responsible for the @entity4028 resistance was cloned and sequenced. The deduced @entity535 sequence of the resistance gene shared 82% identity with RmtA, which was recently identified as 16S rRNA methylase conferring high-level @entity4028 resistance in @entity796 . @entity3793 -tagged recombinant protein showed methylation activity against @entity526 16S rRNA. The novel @entity4028 resistance gene was therefore designated rmtB. The genetic environment of rmtB was further investigated. The sequence immediately upstream of rmtB contained the right end of transposon Tn3, including bla(TEM), while an open reading frame possibly encoding a transposase was identified downstream of the gene. This is the first report describing 16S rRNA methylase production in @entity5134 . The @entity4028 resistance mechanism mediated by production of 16S rRNA methylase and subsequent ribosomal protection used to be confined to @entity4028 -producing actinomycetes. However, it is now identified among pathogenic bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae and @entity796 in Japan. This is a cause for concern since other treatment options are often limited in @entity1 requiring highly potent @entity581 such as @entity4509 and @entity2890 .

title: Plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA methylase in XXXX conferring high-level resistance to @entity581 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens', 'S. marcescens']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicins']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity72220 :: ('CHEBI:24951', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycins']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['Histidine']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity5134 :: (615,Species) :: ['Serratia marcescens']


abstract: @entity5134 S-95, which displayed an unusually high degree of resistance to @entity581 , including @entity72220 and @entity801 , was isolated in 2002 from a @entity1 in Japan. The resistance was mediated by a large plasmid which was nonconjugative but transferable to an @entity526 recipient by transformation. The gene responsible for the @entity4028 resistance was cloned and sequenced. The deduced @entity535 sequence of the resistance gene shared 82% identity with RmtA, which was recently identified as 16S rRNA methylase conferring high-level @entity4028 resistance in @entity796 . @entity3793 -tagged recombinant protein showed methylation activity against @entity526 16S rRNA. The novel @entity4028 resistance gene was therefore designated rmtB. The genetic environment of rmtB was further investigated. The sequence immediately upstream of rmtB contained the right end of transposon Tn3, including bla(TEM), while an open reading frame possibly encoding a transposase was identified downstream of the gene. This is the first report describing 16S rRNA methylase production in @entity5134 . The @entity4028 resistance mechanism mediated by production of 16S rRNA methylase and subsequent ribosomal protection used to be confined to @entity4028 -producing actinomycetes. However, it is now identified among pathogenic bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae and @entity796 in Japan. This is a cause for concern since other treatment options are often limited in @entity1 requiring highly potent @entity581 such as @entity4509 and @entity2890 .

title: Plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA methylase in @entity5134 conferring high-level resistance to XXXX .

answer: @entity581 :: (MESH:D000617,Chemical) :: ['aminoglycosides']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine @entity1 ' perceptions of provider-based counseling and behavior changes made by @entity1204 survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endometrial @entity5 survivors (diagnosed from 2011 to 2012) from a single institution were surveyed. Exclusion criteria included persistent or recurrent disease or those actively undergoing treatment. Information collected included demographics, weight assessments, health behaviors, and physician counseling. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Fisher exact test, McNemar test, and the k statistic as a measure of agreement. RESULTS: Of 233 surveys sent, 46% were returned. Median body mass index was 29.8 kg/m (range, 17.1-64.8 kg/m). Comparing primary care providers with gynecologic oncologists (GOs), 47% (n = 46) versus 25% (n = 23) provided dietary counseling and 62% (n = 60) versus 37% (n = 34) provided physical activity counseling (Fisher exact test, P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Only 29% (n = 30) reported being told of the link between @entity1204 and @entity28 . Fifty-two percent of responders attempted @entity353 after their diagnosis. Fifty-nine percent of responders reported making changes in their diet. Fifty-six percent of @entity1 made dietary changes within 3 months of diagnosis. Forty-eight percent of responders increased physical activity, with 62% implementing changes within 3 to 6 months of their diagnosis. The responders most likely to attempt @entity353 were those who received counseling by a provider. All @entity1 reporting attempted @entity353 after their @entity5 diagnosis report being counseled by either a primary care provider or a GO to lose weight. Weight loss counseling was significantly associated with attempting @entity353 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: One third of @entity1204 survivors report counseling by their GO to lose weight. One half of @entity1204 survivors reported attempted @entity353 . All @entity1 reporting @entity353 counseling from their oncologist reported attempted @entity353 . Most behavioral change occurred 3 to 6 months after a @entity5 diagnosis. Obesity in @entity1204 survivors is not adequately addressed and represents a critical area for improvement.

title: XXXX Survivors' Perceptions of Provider Obesity Counseling and Attempted Behavior Change: Are We Seizing the Moment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['Endometrial Cancer']


abstract: Small-dose endotoxin (Etx) prevents pulmonary perfusion redistribution away from @entity358 after @entity3952 (OA)-induced injury in @entity235 , causing a significant deterioration in oxygenation. We hypothesized that small-dose Etx might mediate this effect via polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) priming with release of inflammatory mediators such as platelet activating factor (PAF) or secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)). To test this hypothesis, we administered specific inhibitors directed against each mediator and used two strategies to generate @entity1398 . PAF and sPLA(2) inhibitors were administered before OA injury, followed 2 h later by small-dose Etx (n = 4 each group). PMN depletion was achieved by @entity1862 administration for 5 days before the study to achieve absolute neutrophil counts <1000/mm(3) (n = 4). Inhibition of PMN adherence to lung endothelium was achieved by the administration of an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody immediately before @entity651 (n = 5). Positron emission tomography was used to evaluate pulmonary perfusion distribution and lung water content. We observed no effect of these interventions on the perfusion pattern after Etx + OA. Thus, neither neutrophils nor @entity5567 or sPLA(2) mediate the effects of Etx on the pattern of perfusion in this model of @entity651 . IMPLICATIONS: Acute @entity1576 is characterized by severe decreases in blood @entity26 . The pattern of blood flow within the lungs can contribute to this problem. This study investigated the potential role of white blood cells and their products in mediating abnormal pulmonary blood flow patterns in an experimental animal model of @entity1576 .

title: Neutrophils and neutrophil products do not mediate pulmonary hemodynamic effects of endotoxin on @entity3952 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['edematous dorsal lung regions']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: Small-dose endotoxin (Etx) prevents pulmonary perfusion redistribution away from @entity358 after @entity3952 (OA)-induced injury in @entity235 , causing a significant deterioration in oxygenation. We hypothesized that small-dose Etx might mediate this effect via polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) priming with release of inflammatory mediators such as platelet activating factor (PAF) or secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)). To test this hypothesis, we administered specific inhibitors directed against each mediator and used two strategies to generate @entity1398 . PAF and sPLA(2) inhibitors were administered before OA injury, followed 2 h later by small-dose Etx (n = 4 each group). PMN depletion was achieved by @entity1862 administration for 5 days before the study to achieve absolute neutrophil counts <1000/mm(3) (n = 4). Inhibition of PMN adherence to lung endothelium was achieved by the administration of an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody immediately before @entity651 (n = 5). Positron emission tomography was used to evaluate pulmonary perfusion distribution and lung water content. We observed no effect of these interventions on the perfusion pattern after Etx + OA. Thus, neither neutrophils nor @entity5567 or sPLA(2) mediate the effects of Etx on the pattern of perfusion in this model of @entity651 . IMPLICATIONS: Acute @entity1576 is characterized by severe decreases in blood @entity26 . The pattern of blood flow within the lungs can contribute to this problem. This study investigated the potential role of white blood cells and their products in mediating abnormal pulmonary blood flow patterns in an experimental animal model of @entity1576 .

title: Neutrophils and neutrophil products do not mediate pulmonary hemodynamic effects of endotoxin on XXXX -induced @entity651 .

answer: @entity3952 :: (MESH:D019301,Chemical) :: ['oleic acid']


abstract: A 36-yr old, ASA physical status I @entity1 scheduled for hip arthroplasty under regional anesthesia received at the end of surgery an i.v. injection of approximately 200 mL of a 0.15% @entity1342 solution (300 mg = 4.6 mg/kg) in approximately 5 min. The bag prepared for postoperative epidural infusion was accidentally connected to a peripheral i.v. line. The @entity1 developed grand mal @entity410 , @entity551 , and @entity1576 . No @entity943 were observed. Twenty minutes after the event, the arterial plasma concentration of @entity1342 was 3.10 microg/mL. Using a pharmacokinetic model, the peak plasma concentration at the time of the accidental administration was estimated at 17.04 microg/mL. The @entity1 recovered uneventfully. IMPLICATIONS: An accidental i.v. injection of approximately 300 mg of @entity1342 was followed by @entity410 without any @entity943 . The @entity1 recovered uneventfully.

title: Grand mal XXXX after an accidental intravenous injection of @entity1342 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['convulsion']


abstract: A 36-yr old, ASA physical status I @entity1 scheduled for hip arthroplasty under regional anesthesia received at the end of surgery an i.v. injection of approximately 200 mL of a 0.15% @entity1342 solution (300 mg = 4.6 mg/kg) in approximately 5 min. The bag prepared for postoperative epidural infusion was accidentally connected to a peripheral i.v. line. The @entity1 developed grand mal @entity410 , @entity551 , and @entity1576 . No @entity943 were observed. Twenty minutes after the event, the arterial plasma concentration of @entity1342 was 3.10 microg/mL. Using a pharmacokinetic model, the peak plasma concentration at the time of the accidental administration was estimated at 17.04 microg/mL. The @entity1 recovered uneventfully. IMPLICATIONS: An accidental i.v. injection of approximately 300 mg of @entity1342 was followed by @entity410 without any @entity943 . The @entity1 recovered uneventfully.

title: Grand mal @entity410 after an accidental intravenous injection of XXXX .

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: The ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions encountered in food and during host @entity281 is a sine qua non for a successful @entity5125 @entity281 . This ability is likely to depend on complex regulatory pathways controlled by a number of key regulators. We utilized the pORI19 plasmid integration system to analyze the role of six putative regulatory loci in growth under suboptimal environmental conditions and during @entity19 @entity281 . Disruption of loci encoding a topoisomerase III (lmo2756), a putative methyltransferase (lmo0581), and a regulator of the MarR family (lmo1618) revealed roles for the methyltransferase and the MarR regulator in growth under environmental stress conditions. However, plasmid integration into these loci had no impact on virulence potential in the @entity19 model of @entity281 . Disruption of the alternative sigma factor Sigma-H resulted in a mutant that demonstrated reduced growth potential in minimal medium. @entity19 studies indicated a minor role for this sigma factor in the infectious process. Strikingly, disruption of both perR and fur loci resulted in mutants that are significantly affected in virulence for @entity19 , with the fur mutant demonstrating the greatest reduction in virulence potential. Both perR and fur mutants demonstrated increased resistance to @entity273 and the fur mutant was sensitive to low- @entity68 conditions. The virulence defect of both fur and perR mutants could be rescued by @entity68 -overload after @entity3642 treatment of @entity19 , suggesting that the in vivo role of these gene products is to procure @entity68 for bacterial growth.

title: Disruption of putative regulatory loci in XXXX demonstrates a significant role for Fur and PerR in virulence.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity3642 :: ('MESH:C007628', 'Chemical') :: ['esculetin']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity10751 ( @entity10751 ) manifest @entity1119 despite the @entity2537 and sweat glands associated with this @entity4148 . We assessed peripheral sudomotor nerve fibre and sweat gland function to determine if this symptom was due to peripheral denervation @entity56 . METHODS: In 14 @entity10751 @entity1 and 11 healthy controls, direct and axon reflex mediated sweat responses were determined by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after application of @entity934 via a microdialysis membrane, a novel method to evaluate sudomotor function in @entity16 @entity1 . Results were compared with data from conventional quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing (QSART). Using microdialysis, interstitial fluid was analysed for plasma proteins to evaluate @entity1131 induced by @entity934 as an additional parameter of C-fibre function. RESULTS: Although reduced axon reflex sweating was expected in @entity10751 @entity1 , neither direct or axon reflex mediated sweat responses, nor @entity934 induced @entity1131 differed between control and @entity1 groups. However, the baseline resting sweat rate was higher in @entity10751 @entity1 than controls (p<0.05). TEWL and QSART test results correlated (r = 0.64, p = 0.01), proving the reliability of TEWL methodology in evaluating sudomotor function. CONCLUSION: The finding of normal direct and axon reflex mediated sweat output in @entity10751 @entity1 supports our hypothesis that, in a disorder with severe sympathetic nerve fibre @entity2537 , but not the sweat gland itself, exhibit @entity56 . This might explain excessive @entity1119 in situations with increased central sympathetic outflow.

title: Sudomotor function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein extravasation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity10751 :: ('MESH:D004402', 'Disease') :: ['familial dysautonomia', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of sudomotor fibres', 'reduction, sudomotor fibres']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['episodic hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['chemical hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity10751 :: (MESH:D004402,Disease) :: ['familial dysautonomia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity572 ( @entity572 ) has been shown to reduce @entity158 and improve function. In addition, it is suggested that @entity572 improves sleep and alleviates symptoms of @entity148 and @entity308 . @entity1 with @entity1118 are frequent users of analgesic and psychotropic drugs and thereby risk adverse drug events. The impact of @entity572 on such drug use has not been thoroughly investigated. Based on merged data from the Norwegian Prescription Database and the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, this study sought to investigate redeemed medications in a complete population (N = 39,688) undergoing @entity572 in 2005 to 2011. User rates and redeemed drug volume of analgesics (nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and nonopioids) and psychotropics (hypnotics, anxiolytics, and antidepressants) were calculated for 4 quarters before and 4 quarters after surgery. We analysed preoperative prescription trends (Q1 vs Q4), postoperative prescription (Q4 vs Q5), and long-term effect of surgery (Q4 vs Q8). Before surgery, use of all drug groups increased from Q1 to Q4. Use of opioids, nonopioids, and hypnotics dramatically increased from Q4 to Q5. Long-term (Q4 vs Q8) surgery reduced prescriptions of analgesics, hypnotics, and anxiolytics, but not antidepressants. Overall, the present results extend the positive effects of @entity572 to include reduced reliance on medication to alleviate symptoms.

title: Prescription trajectories and effect of total hip arthroplasty on the use of analgesics, hypnotics, antidepressants, and anxiolytics: results from a population of total hip arthroplasty XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'Total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 views are especially important in @entity1 education, as @entity1 involvement is essential. However, no empirical research clarifies what knowledge, skills and competencies are needed for health professionals to competently serve as a good educator according to the @entity1 themselves. AIM: To explore what qualities @entity1 with @entity301 perceive in a good educator. METHODS: A qualitative research method, with semi-structured individual interviews, was used in this study. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit @entity1 from a general hospital in Iceland and in Norway. The data were analysed using systematic text condensation. RESULTS: The @entity1 included 17 @entity1 who had been through a percutaneous coronary intervention and participated in formal @entity1 education after discharge from hospital. The @entity1 saw a good educator as one who they feel is trustworthy and who individualizes the education to @entity1 ' needs and context and translates general information to their personal situation in lay language. Building trust was dependent on the @entity1 ' perceiving the educator to be knowledgeable and good at connecting with the individual @entity1 , so that the @entity1 feel they are being treated as a whole @entity1 with equality and respect. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 perceived the capability of building trust and tailoring the education to the individual as the most prominent characteristics of a good educator. Training skills that facilitate @entity1 ' trust, being observant of the @entity1 and his learning needs and adjusting the @entity1 education to individual needs and situations should be key objectives in health professionals' training in @entity1 education.

title: What is a good educator? A qualitative study on the perspective of individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity5 and in other @entity5 entities, @entity320 -associated antigens are present. These antigens contribute to @entity5 progression and poor prognosis, and reduce the cytotoxicity of antineoplastic drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic potential of these antigens in combination with oral brush biopsies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 72 oral brush biopsy specimens for @entity320 -associated antigens A (MAGE-A) expression by immunocytologic staining with the MAGE-A 57B antibody. A total of 24 healthy specimens, 15 lichen ruber cases, 18 @entity12120 cases, and 15 invasive @entity189 were studied. Incisional biopsy served as the gold standard. RESULTS: In total, 66 of 72 specimens (91.6%) could be assessed. Twelve of 15 (80%) @entity189 stained positive for MAGE-A. MAGE-A staining was detected in four of 51 nonmalignant specimens, resulting in a false-positive rate of 7.8%. However, MAGE-A  positive staining was significantly correlated with @entity957 (p  <  0.0005). Sensitivity and specificity for MAGE-A staining and @entity189 were 80% and 92.2%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 89.4%. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that oral brush biopsy with MAGE-A staining serves as an additional tool for use in @entity5 diagnosis. These findings might help to facilitate an easier and more representative surveillance of the mucosa, particularly for large areas of altered mucosa.

title: Oral brush biopsy and XXXX -associated antigens A (MAGE-A) staining in clinically suspicious lesions.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine nurse-physician inter-observer agreement on triage categorization and analyze their differences for future reference. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was performed. @entity1 entering a 3500-bed medical center @entity341 ( @entity341 ) from July 1 to 31, 1998 were randomly selected. We compared triage assignments made by nurses and 2 @entity341 physicians, and examined them for inter-observer agreement (kappa-statistic) within each illness category. RESULTS: We found that the overall nurse-physician agreement on triage categorization had a kappa-value of 0.32 (99% confidence interval, 0.27-0.37). The level of inter-observer agreement was not consistent across all illness categories. Agreement was better when assigning critical @entity1 , but it was poor when assigning non-emergency @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The overall nurse-physician agreement with triage categorization was poor. The lack of agreement on triage decision making has important implications for EDs in which the priority of care is based on nursing triage categorization. Detailed chart recording and continued work is necessary to improve the agreement between nurse-physician triage categorization.

title: Evaluation of nurse-physician inter-observer agreement on triage categorization in the XXXX of a Taiwan medical center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency department']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: @entity6927 -antitrypsin is a glycoprotein that functions as the major protease inhibitor in human serum. Many genetic variants of @entity6927 -antitrypsin can be detected by electrophoretic techniques. We used isoelectric focusing on ultrathin gels to determine the common M subtypes as well as other variants of @entity6927 -antitrypsin in 62 white @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and 51 white @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ). We found no increased prevalence of variant phenotypes in either disease group as a whole. In @entity309 , however, the association between @entity3794 and @entity6927 -antitrypsin variants was striking. Interstitial @entity82 was seen on chest roentgenogram in only 1 of 30 subjects apparently homozygous for M1 (the "wild type" or "normal" phenotype), compared with 13 of 32 @entity1 with variant phenotypes. Seven of 15 @entity1 with M1M2 (the most common variant phenotype) had @entity3794 . In contrast, there was no apparent association of variant phenotypes with @entity358 in @entity785 . Our findings suggest a possible role of @entity6927 -antitrypsin in the pathogenesis of @entity82 in @entity1 with @entity309 . The absence of such an association in @entity785 suggests that @entity358 in these 2 @entity627 may have different pathogeneses.

title: XXXX -antitrypsin phenotypes, including M subtypes, in @entity358 associated with @entity309 and @entity785 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis', 'pulmonary interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity6927 :: (146,Gene) :: ['Alpha 1']


abstract: @entity6927 -antitrypsin is a glycoprotein that functions as the major protease inhibitor in human serum. Many genetic variants of @entity6927 -antitrypsin can be detected by electrophoretic techniques. We used isoelectric focusing on ultrathin gels to determine the common M subtypes as well as other variants of @entity6927 -antitrypsin in 62 white @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and 51 white @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ). We found no increased prevalence of variant phenotypes in either disease group as a whole. In @entity309 , however, the association between @entity3794 and @entity6927 -antitrypsin variants was striking. Interstitial @entity82 was seen on chest roentgenogram in only 1 of 30 subjects apparently homozygous for M1 (the "wild type" or "normal" phenotype), compared with 13 of 32 @entity1 with variant phenotypes. Seven of 15 @entity1 with M1M2 (the most common variant phenotype) had @entity3794 . In contrast, there was no apparent association of variant phenotypes with @entity358 in @entity785 . Our findings suggest a possible role of @entity6927 -antitrypsin in the pathogenesis of @entity82 in @entity1 with @entity309 . The absence of such an association in @entity785 suggests that @entity358 in these 2 @entity627 may have different pathogeneses.

title: @entity6927 -antitrypsin phenotypes, including M subtypes, in XXXX associated with @entity309 and @entity785 .

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary disease']


abstract: @entity6927 -antitrypsin is a glycoprotein that functions as the major protease inhibitor in human serum. Many genetic variants of @entity6927 -antitrypsin can be detected by electrophoretic techniques. We used isoelectric focusing on ultrathin gels to determine the common M subtypes as well as other variants of @entity6927 -antitrypsin in 62 white @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and 51 white @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ). We found no increased prevalence of variant phenotypes in either disease group as a whole. In @entity309 , however, the association between @entity3794 and @entity6927 -antitrypsin variants was striking. Interstitial @entity82 was seen on chest roentgenogram in only 1 of 30 subjects apparently homozygous for M1 (the "wild type" or "normal" phenotype), compared with 13 of 32 @entity1 with variant phenotypes. Seven of 15 @entity1 with M1M2 (the most common variant phenotype) had @entity3794 . In contrast, there was no apparent association of variant phenotypes with @entity358 in @entity785 . Our findings suggest a possible role of @entity6927 -antitrypsin in the pathogenesis of @entity82 in @entity1 with @entity309 . The absence of such an association in @entity785 suggests that @entity358 in these 2 @entity627 may have different pathogeneses.

title: @entity6927 -antitrypsin phenotypes, including M subtypes, in @entity358 associated with XXXX and @entity785 .

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity6927 -antitrypsin is a glycoprotein that functions as the major protease inhibitor in human serum. Many genetic variants of @entity6927 -antitrypsin can be detected by electrophoretic techniques. We used isoelectric focusing on ultrathin gels to determine the common M subtypes as well as other variants of @entity6927 -antitrypsin in 62 white @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and 51 white @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ). We found no increased prevalence of variant phenotypes in either disease group as a whole. In @entity309 , however, the association between @entity3794 and @entity6927 -antitrypsin variants was striking. Interstitial @entity82 was seen on chest roentgenogram in only 1 of 30 subjects apparently homozygous for M1 (the "wild type" or "normal" phenotype), compared with 13 of 32 @entity1 with variant phenotypes. Seven of 15 @entity1 with M1M2 (the most common variant phenotype) had @entity3794 . In contrast, there was no apparent association of variant phenotypes with @entity358 in @entity785 . Our findings suggest a possible role of @entity6927 -antitrypsin in the pathogenesis of @entity82 in @entity1 with @entity309 . The absence of such an association in @entity785 suggests that @entity358 in these 2 @entity627 may have different pathogeneses.

title: @entity6927 -antitrypsin phenotypes, including M subtypes, in @entity358 associated with @entity309 and XXXX .

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1897 is a rare but important complication of @entity572 ( @entity572 ) and has previously been reported in the ipsilateral arm and associated with @entity625 . The results of 7004 primary hip arthroplasties performed between January 1993 and February 2009 were retrospectively reviewed to identify @entity1 who reported @entity16 , with ten @entity1 identified at mean follow-up of 57 months (range   =   3-195 months). Eight @entity1 experienced unilateral ulnar nerve symptoms in the contralateral upper limb post-surgery, one @entity1 experienced symptoms in the ipsilateral upper limb and one @entity1 experienced symptoms in both upper limbs. The incidence of @entity16 was 0.14%. All @entity1 had a pre-operative diagnosis of @entity571 and none had @entity6 , a previous history of @entity16 or @entity625 . All operations were primary arthroplasties and were performed under the care of a single surgeon in a single centre. Two of the ten @entity1 (20%) had a general anaesthetic. The pattern of symptoms reported, i.e. mainly unilateral affecting the contralateral side with variable resolution, contrasts with previous studies and suggests that intraoperative @entity1 positioning may be an important factor influencing @entity16 following @entity572 . Attention to support and positioning of the contralateral arm may help reduce the incidence of this complication.

title: XXXX following total hip replacement and intraoperative positioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy', 'post-THA ulnar neuropathy', 'ulnar neuropathy symptoms', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Contralateral ulnar neuropathy']


abstract: In the @entity95 heart, acute @entity1068 exposure followed by washout before @entity63 exerts a preconditioninglike effect. However, if @entity167 is still present during @entity63 , all preconditioning-related cardioprotection is abolished. The present follow-up study investigated the dose-response relationships of both the beneficial and detrimental effects of acute @entity1068 exposure. In the isolated @entity95 heart either 2.5-, 5-, 10-, 20-, or 50-mmol/L @entity1068 was given as a 5-minute pulse followed by washout before 30 minutes of regional @entity63 and 2 hours of reperfusion. Isolated @entity95 hearts were also preconditioned with 5 minutes of global @entity63 followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion (PC) before onset of 30 minutes of regional @entity63 . This latter protocol was combined with a 35-minute infusion of @entity1068 at concentrations of either 5, 10, 20, or 50 mmol/L, starting 5 minutes before the onset of the 30-minute period of @entity63 . @entity1188 size was determined with @entity5045 staining. No protection was seen with a 5-minute infusion of 2.5-mmol/L @entity1068 (29.9 +/- 1.6% of risk zone infarcted), and minimal protection was evident with the 5-mmol/L dose (25.4 +/- 3.4% @entity1188 ). In all other groups @entity1188 size was significantly reduced (17.9 +/- 3.2, 18.4 +/- 3.5, and 16.8 +/- 3.4%, respectively, versus 33.0 +/- 3.0% in control group, P < 0.05). In the presence of 10-, 20-, or 50-mmol/L @entity1068 , @entity1188 size following PC was not different from control (24.3 +/- 2.5, 28.4 +/- 4.3, and 39.0 +/- 4.0%, respectively, versus 28.5 +/- 2.5%). Thus the presence of @entity167 during @entity63 inhibited protection induced by preceding preconditioning @entity63 . Only in the PC group exposed to 5-mmol/L @entity1068 was @entity1188 size significantly smaller than in the control group (6.4 +/- 2.5%, P < 0.005). Thus both protective and antiprotective effects of @entity167 were dose dependent with similarly low threshold doses in in vitro @entity95 hearts. Since it might be impossible to find a dose of @entity1068 that would be protective if administered shortly before @entity63 , @entity1068 should be removed before that @entity63 to protect myocardium.

title: Dose-response relationships of the protective and antiprotective effects of acute @entity1068 exposure in isolated XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct', 'infarction']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: In the @entity95 heart, acute @entity1068 exposure followed by washout before @entity63 exerts a preconditioninglike effect. However, if @entity167 is still present during @entity63 , all preconditioning-related cardioprotection is abolished. The present follow-up study investigated the dose-response relationships of both the beneficial and detrimental effects of acute @entity1068 exposure. In the isolated @entity95 heart either 2.5-, 5-, 10-, 20-, or 50-mmol/L @entity1068 was given as a 5-minute pulse followed by washout before 30 minutes of regional @entity63 and 2 hours of reperfusion. Isolated @entity95 hearts were also preconditioned with 5 minutes of global @entity63 followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion (PC) before onset of 30 minutes of regional @entity63 . This latter protocol was combined with a 35-minute infusion of @entity1068 at concentrations of either 5, 10, 20, or 50 mmol/L, starting 5 minutes before the onset of the 30-minute period of @entity63 . @entity1188 size was determined with @entity5045 staining. No protection was seen with a 5-minute infusion of 2.5-mmol/L @entity1068 (29.9 +/- 1.6% of risk zone infarcted), and minimal protection was evident with the 5-mmol/L dose (25.4 +/- 3.4% @entity1188 ). In all other groups @entity1188 size was significantly reduced (17.9 +/- 3.2, 18.4 +/- 3.5, and 16.8 +/- 3.4%, respectively, versus 33.0 +/- 3.0% in control group, P < 0.05). In the presence of 10-, 20-, or 50-mmol/L @entity1068 , @entity1188 size following PC was not different from control (24.3 +/- 2.5, 28.4 +/- 4.3, and 39.0 +/- 4.0%, respectively, versus 28.5 +/- 2.5%). Thus the presence of @entity167 during @entity63 inhibited protection induced by preceding preconditioning @entity63 . Only in the PC group exposed to 5-mmol/L @entity1068 was @entity1188 size significantly smaller than in the control group (6.4 +/- 2.5%, P < 0.005). Thus both protective and antiprotective effects of @entity167 were dose dependent with similarly low threshold doses in in vitro @entity95 hearts. Since it might be impossible to find a dose of @entity1068 that would be protective if administered shortly before @entity63 , @entity1068 should be removed before that @entity63 to protect myocardium.

title: Dose-response relationships of the protective and antiprotective effects of acute XXXX exposure in isolated @entity95 hearts.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Three to 6  months after an @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), @entity73 is observed in more than 30  % of the @entity1 , mainly in executive functioning. The aim of this study was to investigate, using multimodal MRI, cerebral anatomo-functional substratum of @entity409 . Thirty-three @entity1 were recruited 4      1  months after a first @entity1187 . Executive functions were evaluated with the Trail-Making-Test-B (TMTB) at baseline (ie 4      1  months after @entity1187 ) and 6  months later (ie 10      1  months after @entity1187 ). Using both time-points, we identified 3 groups of @entity1 according to normative data based on age, gender and education level: 15 'cognitively normal' @entity1 without impairment at each follow-up, 10 'transient @entity73 ' @entity1 with an impairment only at baseline and 8 'impairing' @entity1 with an impairment only at follow-up. We explored, in the whole-brain, the structural integrity using Voxel-Based Morphometry and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and the resting-state functional connectivity using Network-Based Statistics. No structural difference was observed between @entity73 and cognitively normal @entity1 . At the functional level, compared to the 'cognitively normal' group, the 'transient @entity73 ' @entity1 presented an increased functional connectivity in a network centered on middle-orbito-frontal regions, whereas the 'impairing' @entity1 presented only a non-significant decrease of functional connectivity. @entity409 in @entity1187 @entity1 is associated to functional but no structural characteristics, particularly to an increased functional connectivity in cognitive networks in transient @entity73 @entity1 . Further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm these results and to determine if these @entity1 could be at higher risk for developing permanent @entity73 .

title: Cerebral changes and XXXX after an ischemic heart disease: a multimodal MRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired', 'cognitive impairment', 'cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Executive dysfunction', 'executive dysfunction']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: @entity792 in @entity19 with the @entity1309 / @entity1309 and gld/gld genotypes is accompanied by profound lymphadenopathy characterized by the presence of a massive expansion of an unusual T cell subset. The abnormal lymph node T cells were found to express @entity12813 and @entity12811 transcripts of expected sizes. There was a 10-fold increase in the 1.3-kb @entity12813 transcript and a twofold increase in @entity12811 gene expression, even though @entity3512 expression was in general similar to controls. A study of T cell receptor expression during ontogeny failed to reveal any striking differences between @entity1309 / @entity1309 and congenic @entity19 . There was a strong correlation between @entity12813 expression and @entity17227 expression; however, there was no necessary association of @entity12813 and @entity17227 expression when various T cell lines were examined. Background genes were found to influence the expression of T cell receptor genes in @entity1309 / @entity1309 @entity19 . AKR- @entity1309 / @entity1309 lymph node cells, but not cells from other @entity1309 / @entity1309 @entity19 or AKR +/+ @entity19 , had the predominance of the 1.0-kb @entity12813 transcript, which represents the nonfunctional D-J @entity12813 rearrangements. Lymph nodes from MRL- @entity1309 / @entity1309 @entity19 , but not @entity1309 or AKR- @entity1309 / @entity1309 @entity19 , were found to express small amounts of the @entity12810 gamma transcript. In addition, MRL- @entity1309 / @entity1309 but not C57BL/6- @entity1309 / @entity1309 @entity19 had an age-related decrease in thymic @entity12813 expression along with a decrease in thymic @entity17227 expression. The current study extends the characterization of T cell gene expression abnormalities in peripheral T cells of gld/gld and @entity1309 / @entity1309 and describes certain similarities of these cells to immature thymocytes at a molecular level. Furthermore, it illustrates the complex interactions between "background genes" and genes responsible for lymphoproliferation, which in concert lead to specific molecular and cellular abnormalities.

title: T cell receptor gene expression in autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmunity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Intravesical transurethral bladder stimulation is a rehabilitative and diagnostic technique for the @entity1494 . The goal of therapy is 3-fold: 1) to achieve the sensation of bladder filling or the urge to void, 2) to initiate a detrusor contraction and 3) to achieve conscious urinary control. The procedure combines direct electrical stimulation of bladder receptors with visual biofeedback using @entity1 observance of a water manometric representation of the detrusor response. Since November 1984 we have evaluated and/or treated 24 @entity1 with a @entity1494 . An electrocatheter is passed transurethrally into the bladder and the bladder is filled to a third of its capacity with normal saline. We then deliver 2 to 6 mA. every 3 seconds for 90 minutes. Full treatment usually requires 30 to 90 sessions. Of the 24 @entity1 13 had only 1 evaluation and 10 had 3 to 39 sessions. Of those 10 @entity1 7 had significant detrusor activity that had not been present before treatment and 4 have a sensation to void. The remaining @entity1 underwent 110 sessions. He has controlled detrusor contractions resulting in a normal voiding pattern. It appears that intravesical transurethral bladder stimulation may be helpful diagnostically to determine the stimulus response of bladder function and therapeutically to rehabilitate the @entity1494 toward full control.

title: Intravesical transurethral electrotherapy for the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['neurogenic bladder']


abstract: @entity17454 ( @entity17454 ) is an @entity1112 characterized by @entity882 , @entity484 , and various degrees of @entity3230 . Carriers of mutated @entity13308 have nonrandom X chromosome inactivation in their blood cells and are disease-free. We report data on a 14-month-old @entity1 with a history of @entity17454 in her family who presented with @entity882 , small platelets, and @entity1200 . Sequencing of the @entity13308 gene showed that the @entity1 was heterozygous for the splice site mutation previously found in one of her relatives with @entity17454 . Sequencing of all @entity13308 exons revealed no other mutation. Levels of @entity13308 in blood mononuclear cells were 60% of normal. Flow cytometry after intracellular staining of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with @entity13308 monoclonal antibody revealed both @entity13308 (bright) and @entity13308 (dim) populations. X chromosome inactivation in the @entity1 's blood cells was found to be random, demonstrating that both maternal and paternal active X chromosomes are present. These findings indicate that the female @entity1 has a defect in the mechanisms that lead in disease-free @entity17454 carriers to preferential survival/proliferation of cells bearing the active wild-type X chromosome. Whereas the @entity1 's lymphocytes are skewed toward @entity13308 (bright) cells, about 65% of her monocytes and the majority of her B cells (CD19(+)) are @entity13308 (dim). Her naive T cells (CD3(+)CD45RA(+)) include @entity13308 (bright) and @entity13308 (dim) populations, but her memory T cells (CD3(+)CD45RA(-)) are all @entity13308 (bright). After activation in vitro of T cells, all cells exhibited CD3(+)CD45RA(-) phenotype and most were @entity13308 (bright) with active paternal (wild-type) X chromosome, suggesting selection against the mutated @entity13308 allele during terminal T-cell maturation/differentiation.

title: XXXX in a female.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity17454 :: ('MESH:D014923', 'Disease') :: ['WAS', 'Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked disease']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency']

answer: @entity17454 :: (MESH:D014923,Disease) :: ['Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quadrigeminal cistern @entity145 (QACs) are difficult to treat because of their deep location and the presence of nervous and vascular structures of the pineal-quadrigeminal region. There are several surgical procedures available for QACs, including craniotomy and cyst excision or fenestration, ventriculoperitoneal or cystoperitoneal shunting, and endoscopic fenestration. There is a debate about which method is the best. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic ventriculocystostomy (VC) and third ventriculostomy (ETV) for treatment of @entity145 of the quadrigeminal cistern. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with QACs who had undergone endoscopic treatment in our department between August 2007 and June 2014 were studied retrospectively. @entity1 age at the time of endoscopic treatment ranged from 5  months to 42  years, including 25 @entity1 (14 males and 11 females) and 3 adults (one male and two females). All @entity1 presented with @entity1276 and did not undergo shunting prior to neuroendoscopic surgery. The first endoscopic procedures included lateral ventricle cystostomy (LVC) together with ETV in 18 cases, third ventricle cystostomy (3rd VC) together with ETV in 3 cases, and double VC (3rd VC and LVC) together with ETV in 7 cases. Data were obtained on clinical and neuroradiological presentation, indications to treat, surgical technique, complications, and the results of clinical and neuroradiological follow-up. RESULTS: Complete success was achieved in 25 (89.3  %) of 28 cases. During the follow-up period, one case underwent endoscopic reoperation with success. Shunts were implanted in 2 @entity1 due to progression of symptoms and increase in @entity1276 after the first endoscopic operation. Shunt independency was achieved in 26 (92.9  %) of 28 cases. The cyst was reduced in size in 22 cases (78.6  %). Postoperative images showed a reduction in the size of the ventricles in 23 cases (82.1  %). There was no surgical mortality. Subdural collection developed in 4 cases (14.3  %) and required a transient subduroperitoneal shunt in 2 cases, whereas the other 2 @entity1 were asymptomatic and did not require any surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: VC together with ETV through precoronal approach is an effective treatment for symptomatic QACs and should be the initial surgical procedure. The surgical indications should include signs of @entity428 (including increased head circumference), @entity1319 , @entity11583 , and @entity346 . Also, surgery is indicated by progressive enlargement of the cyst and young @entity1 with large cysts even if the @entity1 are asymptomatic. Contraindications to surgery include the @entity2048 (older @entity1 and adult) and isolated @entity245 . The main criterion for successful surgery should be improvement of clinical symptoms instead of reduced cyst volume and/or ventricular size. Repeated endoscopic procedures may be considered only for the @entity1 whose symptoms improved after first endoscopic operation.

title: Assessment of endoscopic treatment for quadrigeminal cistern XXXX : A 7-year experience with 28 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated ICP']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity11583 :: ('MESH:D020234', 'Disease') :: ['gait ataxia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Parinaud syndrome']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between duodenojejunal motor activity and @entity413 absorption and to evaluate the effect of modification of duodenojejunal motility on @entity413 absorption by using the prokinetic drug @entity4392 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined seven healthy males, mean age 22 years, who were treated with @entity4392 10 mg t.i.d. and placebo during 3 days in a randomized order, with a 2-week time interval. Duodenojejunal manometry was performed after each treatment on the morning of day 3, using an 18-lumen catheter. A liquid nutrient (3 kcal/min) was administered intraduodenally for 30 min, followed by a bolus of the @entity413 analog @entity10546 ( @entity46850 ). Plasma @entity46850 concentrations were measured to assess absorption kinetics. RESULTS: The area under the @entity46850 concentration curve in the first 30 min after infusion was related to the number of antegrade propagated pressure waves (r = 0.49, P < 0.05), but not to the peak concentration, time to peak, and absorption fraction. The mean amplitude of pressure waves was higher during @entity4392 than placebo (P < 0.05), but the reoccurrence of interdigestive motility, numbers of pressure waves, and propagated pressure waves, as well as @entity46850 absorption characteristics, were not significantly different between the two treatments. During both treatments >60% of antegrade propagated pressure waves were propagated over a very short distance (1.5 cm). CONCLUSIONS: @entity413 absorption in the @entity1 small intestine is related to short-traveling propagated intestinal contractile activity. @entity4392 increases the amplitude of pressure waves, but does not affect the organization of pressure waves or the absorption of @entity46850 .

title: Small bowel motility affects XXXX absorption in a healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisapride', 'cisapride']

entities_list: @entity10546 :: ('MESH:D019325', 'Chemical') :: ['3-O-methylglucose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between duodenojejunal motor activity and @entity413 absorption and to evaluate the effect of modification of duodenojejunal motility on @entity413 absorption by using the prokinetic drug @entity4392 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined seven healthy males, mean age 22 years, who were treated with @entity4392 10 mg t.i.d. and placebo during 3 days in a randomized order, with a 2-week time interval. Duodenojejunal manometry was performed after each treatment on the morning of day 3, using an 18-lumen catheter. A liquid nutrient (3 kcal/min) was administered intraduodenally for 30 min, followed by a bolus of the @entity413 analog @entity10546 ( @entity46850 ). Plasma @entity46850 concentrations were measured to assess absorption kinetics. RESULTS: The area under the @entity46850 concentration curve in the first 30 min after infusion was related to the number of antegrade propagated pressure waves (r = 0.49, P < 0.05), but not to the peak concentration, time to peak, and absorption fraction. The mean amplitude of pressure waves was higher during @entity4392 than placebo (P < 0.05), but the reoccurrence of interdigestive motility, numbers of pressure waves, and propagated pressure waves, as well as @entity46850 absorption characteristics, were not significantly different between the two treatments. During both treatments >60% of antegrade propagated pressure waves were propagated over a very short distance (1.5 cm). CONCLUSIONS: @entity413 absorption in the @entity1 small intestine is related to short-traveling propagated intestinal contractile activity. @entity4392 increases the amplitude of pressure waves, but does not affect the organization of pressure waves or the absorption of @entity46850 .

title: Small bowel motility affects @entity413 absorption in a healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: The authors have reviewed 100 cases of @entity4254 operated upon at the cerebello-pontine angle using microsurgical techniques, i.e. 20% of their total series of 513 @entity1 with tic douloureux, 413 of them having been submitted to percutaneous R.F.--thermocoagulation. In 10 of the above 100 @entity1 , a @entity5 or an @entity2695 have been found and with its removal a total relief of @entity158 has been obtained. In all but three of the other 90 @entity1 , a @entity531 has been revealed. In 17 of them a selective section of the trigeminal root had to be performed, as its cross-compression could not be eliminated. A total cure was achieved in all but three cases in which the result was only partial. In 70 @entity1 a microvascular decompression (MVD) was performed and in 68 of them a follow-up of 1 to 5 years has been analyzed. In 82.4% the results were excellent. Further 7.3% thought to be benefited by the operation; although they still had some @entity158 , they were well controlled by medical treatment. In 10.3% an unsatisfactory improvement, failure or recurrence were noted. Then a critical study of the whole material has been made in search for the causes of unsatisfactory results and for the possibilities of making the efficacity of MVD ascertained in a higher percentage of @entity1 . The results of this study lead to definite conclusions, a part of which is quoted below: Some of clinical findings showed to be of paramount importance for the prognosis. The most evident has been a highly significant difference in the percentage of a total cure in @entity1 with attacks of tic douloureux only (94.5%) and in those with the same type of attacks, but associated with permanent @entity158 (58.3%). The analysis of the operative findings and of the details of the surgical procedure indicated to a necessity of restitution of the normal shape and course of the trigeminal root from the petrous ridge up to the entry-zone and of an adequate root protection (for instance with Dacron), after the Vth nerve had been detached from the conflicting vessel. A correlation of the above findings with the angiographic ones has been made. A measurable method has been used to make available data which could be informative as to the presence of a conflict, as well as to its anatomical cause. But this still needs a further critical elaboration.

title: [Microsurgical treatment of XXXX . Results and prognostic factors of microsurgical vascular decompression].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular conflict']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: Two cases of diffuse @entity2477 of the rectum and rectosigmoid colon are reported. Sphincter-saving procedures were applied as the surgical treatment for these two @entity1 . The diseased rectum and distal sigmoid colon were resected 3 cm above the pectinate line. The mucosa of the rectal stump was extirpated. All visible residue from the hemangiomatous tissues on the muscular cuff, pararectal space, and pelvic wall were denuded. The normal colon was then pulled down through the rectal cuff and anastomosed with anoderm, and attached to the internal sphincter muscle. Both @entity1 recovered uneventfully. No uncontrollable @entity548 was encountered during rectal dissection. Both @entity1 had good anal sensation and perfect continence. No complicated @entity458 were found. The sphincter-saving procedure for treatment of diffuse @entity2477 of the rectum should be promoted and given first choice whenever possible.

title: Sphincter-saving procedure for treatment of diffuse XXXX of the rectum and sigmoid colon.

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual or urinary disturbances']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity2477 :: (MESH:D006392,Disease) :: ['cavernous hemangioma']


abstract: Extravasation of a chemotherapeutic agent is one of the most frequent complications in @entity5 @entity1 . Full-thickness @entity39 often occurs after extravasation. Alternative approaches to treatment are local wound care, elevation, and @entity2332 . It was shown that heparin prevents @entity39 . In this experimental study, the effects of heparin fractions on the prevention of @entity39 were compared by applying an extravasation model of @entity632 in @entity35 . Forty Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 weighing 250 to 300 g were used. A total of 0.3 ml @entity632 was administered subcutaneously to all @entity35 . Ten minutes later, in the control group (group I), 1 ml normal saline was administered subcutaneously. In the first experimental group (group II), 100 U per day heparin @entity1372 was administered in a volume of 1 ml subcutaneously. In the second experimental group (group III), nadroparin @entity460 (5 anti-Xa U per kilogram per day) was administered. In the third and last experimental group (group IV), @entity16960 (5 anti-Xa U per kilogram per day) was administered. All drugs were administered for 2 weeks. Necrotic areas were measured 4 weeks later. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney test. Heparin fractions caused a decreased @entity1066 rate and size than controls ( < 0.05). There was no superiority among heparin fractions. The authors think that low-molecular weight heparins are preferred, considering the higher risk of @entity548 with unfractionated heparin.

title: Effects of heparin fractions on the prevention of @entity39 resulting from XXXX extravasation: an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['dalteparin sodium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: Extravasation of a chemotherapeutic agent is one of the most frequent complications in @entity5 @entity1 . Full-thickness @entity39 often occurs after extravasation. Alternative approaches to treatment are local wound care, elevation, and @entity2332 . It was shown that heparin prevents @entity39 . In this experimental study, the effects of heparin fractions on the prevention of @entity39 were compared by applying an extravasation model of @entity632 in @entity35 . Forty Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 weighing 250 to 300 g were used. A total of 0.3 ml @entity632 was administered subcutaneously to all @entity35 . Ten minutes later, in the control group (group I), 1 ml normal saline was administered subcutaneously. In the first experimental group (group II), 100 U per day heparin @entity1372 was administered in a volume of 1 ml subcutaneously. In the second experimental group (group III), nadroparin @entity460 (5 anti-Xa U per kilogram per day) was administered. In the third and last experimental group (group IV), @entity16960 (5 anti-Xa U per kilogram per day) was administered. All drugs were administered for 2 weeks. Necrotic areas were measured 4 weeks later. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney test. Heparin fractions caused a decreased @entity1066 rate and size than controls ( < 0.05). There was no superiority among heparin fractions. The authors think that low-molecular weight heparins are preferred, considering the higher risk of @entity548 with unfractionated heparin.

title: Effects of heparin fractions on the prevention of XXXX resulting from @entity632 extravasation: an experimental study.

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['skin necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retro- or peribulbar anaesthesia are the standard procedures for cyclodestructive surgery. Because these methods of anaesthesia may further compromise optic nerve function, especially in advanced @entity726 , subconjunctival anaesthesia was evaluated as an alternative procedure in cyclocryotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: 1. To evaluate the current methods of anaesthesia a questionnaire was sent to all University Eye Clinics in Germany in 2001. 2. A prospective, consecutive study concerning cyclocryotherapy in advanced @entity726 was started using subconjunctival anaesthesia with 5 % @entity2072 or, alternatively, 2 % @entity10541 in 25 eyes of 25 @entity1 in each group. @entity158 during cyclocryotherapy was recorded using a 10-point rating-scale (1 = no @entity158 to 10 = intolerably severe @entity158 ) and adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS: 1. 88.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany replied to our questionnaire. In 2001 cyclocryotherapy was performed in 80.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany (T  bingen not included), 16.1 % among them solely used cyclocryotherapy for the treatment of advanced @entity726 . 2. Using 5 % @entity2072 for subconjunctival anaesthesia - 92 % of @entity1 experienced no @entity158 and 8 % of @entity1 reported very mild @entity158 during cyclocryotherapy. One @entity1 reported @entity390 , 4 @entity1 mouth dryness. After anaesthesia with @entity10541 - 80 % experienced no @entity158 , 12 % very mild @entity158 , and 8 % mild @entity158 . There were no systemic side effects. CONCLUSION: Most of the @entity1 experienced no @entity158 during cyclocryotherapy using subconjunctival anaesthesia with @entity2072 or @entity10541 . Therefore, risks and side effects of retro- or parabulbar anaesthesia can be successfully avoided by this simple modification.

title: [Subconjunctival anaesthesia using XXXX or @entity10541 for cyclocryotherapy in advanced @entity726 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retro- or peribulbar anaesthesia are the standard procedures for cyclodestructive surgery. Because these methods of anaesthesia may further compromise optic nerve function, especially in advanced @entity726 , subconjunctival anaesthesia was evaluated as an alternative procedure in cyclocryotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: 1. To evaluate the current methods of anaesthesia a questionnaire was sent to all University Eye Clinics in Germany in 2001. 2. A prospective, consecutive study concerning cyclocryotherapy in advanced @entity726 was started using subconjunctival anaesthesia with 5 % @entity2072 or, alternatively, 2 % @entity10541 in 25 eyes of 25 @entity1 in each group. @entity158 during cyclocryotherapy was recorded using a 10-point rating-scale (1 = no @entity158 to 10 = intolerably severe @entity158 ) and adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS: 1. 88.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany replied to our questionnaire. In 2001 cyclocryotherapy was performed in 80.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany (T  bingen not included), 16.1 % among them solely used cyclocryotherapy for the treatment of advanced @entity726 . 2. Using 5 % @entity2072 for subconjunctival anaesthesia - 92 % of @entity1 experienced no @entity158 and 8 % of @entity1 reported very mild @entity158 during cyclocryotherapy. One @entity1 reported @entity390 , 4 @entity1 mouth dryness. After anaesthesia with @entity10541 - 80 % experienced no @entity158 , 12 % very mild @entity158 , and 8 % mild @entity158 . There were no systemic side effects. CONCLUSION: Most of the @entity1 experienced no @entity158 during cyclocryotherapy using subconjunctival anaesthesia with @entity2072 or @entity10541 . Therefore, risks and side effects of retro- or parabulbar anaesthesia can be successfully avoided by this simple modification.

title: [Subconjunctival anaesthesia using @entity2072 or @entity10541 for cyclocryotherapy in advanced XXXX ].

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retro- or peribulbar anaesthesia are the standard procedures for cyclodestructive surgery. Because these methods of anaesthesia may further compromise optic nerve function, especially in advanced @entity726 , subconjunctival anaesthesia was evaluated as an alternative procedure in cyclocryotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: 1. To evaluate the current methods of anaesthesia a questionnaire was sent to all University Eye Clinics in Germany in 2001. 2. A prospective, consecutive study concerning cyclocryotherapy in advanced @entity726 was started using subconjunctival anaesthesia with 5 % @entity2072 or, alternatively, 2 % @entity10541 in 25 eyes of 25 @entity1 in each group. @entity158 during cyclocryotherapy was recorded using a 10-point rating-scale (1 = no @entity158 to 10 = intolerably severe @entity158 ) and adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS: 1. 88.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany replied to our questionnaire. In 2001 cyclocryotherapy was performed in 80.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany (T  bingen not included), 16.1 % among them solely used cyclocryotherapy for the treatment of advanced @entity726 . 2. Using 5 % @entity2072 for subconjunctival anaesthesia - 92 % of @entity1 experienced no @entity158 and 8 % of @entity1 reported very mild @entity158 during cyclocryotherapy. One @entity1 reported @entity390 , 4 @entity1 mouth dryness. After anaesthesia with @entity10541 - 80 % experienced no @entity158 , 12 % very mild @entity158 , and 8 % mild @entity158 . There were no systemic side effects. CONCLUSION: Most of the @entity1 experienced no @entity158 during cyclocryotherapy using subconjunctival anaesthesia with @entity2072 or @entity10541 . Therefore, risks and side effects of retro- or parabulbar anaesthesia can be successfully avoided by this simple modification.

title: [Subconjunctival anaesthesia using @entity2072 or XXXX for cyclocryotherapy in advanced @entity726 ].

answer: @entity10541 :: (MESH:D008619,Chemical) :: ['mepivacaine']


abstract: Previous studies have established that expression of plakoglobin is down-regulated during malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the expression of plakoglobin at the mRNA and protein levels in primary @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and determine the extent to which the patterns of expression correlated with clinical parameters. Plakoglobin expression was evaluated in 37 new @entity5 cases and normal oral epithelium using immunofluorescence, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Northern and Western blotting analysis. The results indicated that the steady-state levels of plakoglobin protein were down-regulated in all @entity5 compared with normal epithelium. Furthermore, in 87.1% of the @entity5 , plakoglobin immunoreactivity displayed an abnormal cytoplasmic localization that was inversely correlated with @entity5 size and directly correlated with a poor clinical outcome for the @entity1 . Northern blotting analysis revealed that down-regulation of mRNA expression occurred in only 65.6% of the @entity5 , with plakoglobin mRNA levels similar to normal epithelium in the remaining cases. In the @entity5 expressing mRNA levels similar to those of normal tissue, a 3.7-kb transcript was detected in addition to the expected 3.4-kb transcript observed in normal epithelium. RT-PCR analysis of the 3' untranslated region of the 3.7-kb plakoglobin mRNA transcript identified a 297-base insertion from +2369 to +2666 that had been previously reported only in transformed cell lines (GenBank M23410). Interestingly, the prognosis was poor for @entity1 with @entity5 expressing both RNA transcripts. These results are consistent with the concept that complex regulation of plakoglobin expression and intracellular routing may contribute to malignant transformation. The study also shows evidence that the level of expression and intracellular localization of plakoglobin may be useful in predicting the course of disease in @entity1 with oropharyngeal SCC.

title: Altered plakoglobin expression at mRNA and protein levels correlates with clinical outcome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas', 'SCCs']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oropharynx squamous carcinomas']


abstract: Previous studies have established that expression of plakoglobin is down-regulated during malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the expression of plakoglobin at the mRNA and protein levels in primary @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and determine the extent to which the patterns of expression correlated with clinical parameters. Plakoglobin expression was evaluated in 37 new @entity5 cases and normal oral epithelium using immunofluorescence, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Northern and Western blotting analysis. The results indicated that the steady-state levels of plakoglobin protein were down-regulated in all @entity5 compared with normal epithelium. Furthermore, in 87.1% of the @entity5 , plakoglobin immunoreactivity displayed an abnormal cytoplasmic localization that was inversely correlated with @entity5 size and directly correlated with a poor clinical outcome for the @entity1 . Northern blotting analysis revealed that down-regulation of mRNA expression occurred in only 65.6% of the @entity5 , with plakoglobin mRNA levels similar to normal epithelium in the remaining cases. In the @entity5 expressing mRNA levels similar to those of normal tissue, a 3.7-kb transcript was detected in addition to the expected 3.4-kb transcript observed in normal epithelium. RT-PCR analysis of the 3' untranslated region of the 3.7-kb plakoglobin mRNA transcript identified a 297-base insertion from +2369 to +2666 that had been previously reported only in transformed cell lines (GenBank M23410). Interestingly, the prognosis was poor for @entity1 with @entity5 expressing both RNA transcripts. These results are consistent with the concept that complex regulation of plakoglobin expression and intracellular routing may contribute to malignant transformation. The study also shows evidence that the level of expression and intracellular localization of plakoglobin may be useful in predicting the course of disease in @entity1 with oropharyngeal SCC.

title: Altered plakoglobin expression at mRNA and protein levels correlates with clinical outcome in XXXX with @entity957 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Cine CT, with its very rapid imaging capabilities, was used to evaluate eight adult @entity1 suspected of nonfixed @entity1224 . A method was developed for such imaging, which provides 10 images at each of 12 contiguous levels, extending from the soft palate through the extrathoracic @entity825 . These give a dynamic view of the airway during at least one full respiratory cycle and take about 6 sec to obtain. Results were compared with similar studies in 10 normal volunteers. Seven of the @entity1 showed intermittent obstruction on cine CT, while the eighth was judged normal. All results agreed with subsequent further investigations or confirmed clinical diagnoses. The pathology demonstrated @entity1844 , @entity8822 , and @entity12390 . Four @entity1 were evaluated for @entity387 . All showed dynamic abnormalities of the airway, although they were studied awake and asymptomatic, during normal quiet respiration. All were subsequently shown to have severe @entity387 . We conclude that cine CT has the potential to provide information quickly and noninvasively on upper airway dynamics and has certain definite advantages over conventional studies.

title: Cine CT demonstration of nonfixed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['included chondromalacia']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity12390 :: ('MESH:D011081', 'Disease') :: ['polychondritis']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal spasm']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['upper airway obstruction']


abstract: This study investigated changes in T-lymphocyte mitogenesis and immunoregulatory cytokines during @entity3147 . In vitro T cell response to concanavalin A was compared among @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ), energy restricted pair fed control (PF), and ad libitum control (C) @entity95 . Cell cultures were supplemented with crude monocyte supernatants (CMS) from @entity1949 , PF or C animals at either 1% or 8% final concentration in culture. @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) concentration of unstimulated or stimulated lymphocyte culture supernatants and CMS was determined. Lymphocyte cultures from @entity1949 , PF and C animals had enhanced @entity665 incorporation when supplemented with C and/or PF derived CMS. Addition of 8% CMS from @entity1949 @entity95 inhibited proliferation below levels observed in mitogen-only stimulated groups in all cultures. At the 1% concentration, inhibition was seen in @entity1949 and C derived cells cultures and modest enhancement was seen in PF cultures. @entity1421 concentration in supernatants from stimulated and unstimulated lymphocyte cultures from @entity1949 @entity95 were higher than in C and PF cell cultures. These results suggest (a) that under appropriate culture conditions lymphocytes from @entity1949 donors are capable of enhanced proliferation and (b) that @entity308 cell mitogenesis observed in @entity3147 may reflect alterations in immunoregulatory signals. The role of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and @entity1421 in the modulation of this response is discussed.

title: Monocyte factors modulate in vitro T-lymphocyte mitogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'protein deprived']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed T']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['protein malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['protein malnutrition']