abstract: We report the case of a 23-year-old @entity1 with @entity2418 ( @entity2418 ) and a history of @entity716 and @entity410 . She had been treated with conventional antipsychotic and antiepileptic drugs for 10 and 3 years, respectively. However, she continued to experience occasional @entity1833 and paroxysmal jerking of the extremities. @entity38171 500 mg b.i.d. (later reduced to 250 mg t.i.d.) was added to her regimen. @entity1833 and @entity410 stopped shortly. Over the course of approximately 1 year, the previous medications were discontinued without recurrence of @entity716 and @entity302 symptoms. Eventually, improved mental functions and behaviour enabled her transition from living in a licensed residential facility to sharing a private residence with a partner. @entity2418 is associated with haploinsufficiency of @entity2922 -methyltransferase, leading to excessive extraneuronal @entity2922 concentrations. Alpha-Methyldopa inhibits @entity2922 neurotransmission in a variety of ways. It is possible that the drug compensated for genetically disturbed @entity2922 transmission thus achieving beneficial effects in this case.

title: Replacement of antipsychotic and antiepileptic medication by @entity38171 in a @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations', 'Hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['VCFS', 'velocardiofacial syndrome']

entities_list: @entity38171 :: ('CHEBI:61058', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alpha-methyldopa']

answer: @entity2418 :: (MESH:D004062,Disease) :: ['velocardiofacial syndrome']


abstract: We report the case of a 23-year-old @entity1 with @entity2418 ( @entity2418 ) and a history of @entity716 and @entity410 . She had been treated with conventional antipsychotic and antiepileptic drugs for 10 and 3 years, respectively. However, she continued to experience occasional @entity1833 and paroxysmal jerking of the extremities. @entity38171 500 mg b.i.d. (later reduced to 250 mg t.i.d.) was added to her regimen. @entity1833 and @entity410 stopped shortly. Over the course of approximately 1 year, the previous medications were discontinued without recurrence of @entity716 and @entity302 symptoms. Eventually, improved mental functions and behaviour enabled her transition from living in a licensed residential facility to sharing a private residence with a partner. @entity2418 is associated with haploinsufficiency of @entity2922 -methyltransferase, leading to excessive extraneuronal @entity2922 concentrations. Alpha-Methyldopa inhibits @entity2922 neurotransmission in a variety of ways. It is possible that the drug compensated for genetically disturbed @entity2922 transmission thus achieving beneficial effects in this case.

title: Replacement of antipsychotic and antiepileptic medication by XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity2418 .

answer: @entity38171 :: (CHEBI:61058,Chemical) :: ['L-alpha-methyldopa']


abstract: We report the case of a 23-year-old @entity1 with @entity2418 ( @entity2418 ) and a history of @entity716 and @entity410 . She had been treated with conventional antipsychotic and antiepileptic drugs for 10 and 3 years, respectively. However, she continued to experience occasional @entity1833 and paroxysmal jerking of the extremities. @entity38171 500 mg b.i.d. (later reduced to 250 mg t.i.d.) was added to her regimen. @entity1833 and @entity410 stopped shortly. Over the course of approximately 1 year, the previous medications were discontinued without recurrence of @entity716 and @entity302 symptoms. Eventually, improved mental functions and behaviour enabled her transition from living in a licensed residential facility to sharing a private residence with a partner. @entity2418 is associated with haploinsufficiency of @entity2922 -methyltransferase, leading to excessive extraneuronal @entity2922 concentrations. Alpha-Methyldopa inhibits @entity2922 neurotransmission in a variety of ways. It is possible that the drug compensated for genetically disturbed @entity2922 transmission thus achieving beneficial effects in this case.

title: Replacement of antipsychotic and antiepileptic medication by @entity38171 in a XXXX with @entity2418 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: These experiments examine the role of @entity1955 (T4) and @entity1954 (T3) on the @entity137 of @entity1300 ( @entity1300 ). The first experiment is continuation of a study reported previously (Rozman et al., 1984). In this experiment, 60 male @entity35 were divided into 6 equal groups. Four groups of @entity35 were thyroidectomized by 3 mCi Na131 l/kg @entity35 . Five weeks later 2 of the thyroidectomized and 1 of the nonthyroidectomized groups of @entity35 received ip 100 micrograms @entity1300 /kg body weight in @entity4336 oil/ @entity1324 , whereas 3 corresponding groups of @entity35 served as vehicle controls. Two days after dosing and every 7 d thereafter, 1 thyroidectomized control group and 1 thyroidectomized @entity1300 -dosed group were given ip 105 micrograms T4/kg body weight. Mortality and body weight were monitored. The course of @entity1300 @entity137 was similar in nonthyroidectomized and thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity35 but was different in thyroidectomized animals without T4 replacement therapy. At d 90 after @entity1300 dosage, mortality was still lower and the mean time to death was increased (p less than 0.01) in this group of @entity35 compared to nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity35 . However, administration of T4 starting at d 91 after dosing with @entity1300 resulted within 2 wk in the same final mortality in thyroidectomized @entity35 as in nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated animals, indicating that thyroid hormones modulate the time course of the @entity5653 but do not affect the ultimate mortality figure. Body @entity353 was much slower in thyroidectomized (approximately 1 g/d) than in nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity35 (approximately 8 g/d). In the second experiment the three vehicle control groups of the first experiment were used. Nonthyroidectomized vehicle controls and thyroidectomized T4-treated controls were maintained as before, whereas thyroidectomized controls received T3 at 5 micrograms/kg daily. One month later each @entity35 was dosed with @entity1300 at 100 micrograms/kg in @entity4336 oil/ @entity1324 . @entity137 of @entity1300 was similar in nonthyroidectomized, thyroidectomized T4-treated, and thyroidectomized T3-treated @entity35 as judged by mortality, body weight, and food intake, indicating no difference between T3 and T4 in the modulation of @entity1300 @entity137 .

title: Thyroid hormones modulate the XXXX of @entity1300 ( @entity1300 ).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1300 :: ('MESH:D013749', 'Chemical') :: ['TCDD', '2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['wasting syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: These experiments examine the role of @entity1955 (T4) and @entity1954 (T3) on the @entity137 of @entity1300 ( @entity1300 ). The first experiment is continuation of a study reported previously (Rozman et al., 1984). In this experiment, 60 male @entity35 were divided into 6 equal groups. Four groups of @entity35 were thyroidectomized by 3 mCi Na131 l/kg @entity35 . Five weeks later 2 of the thyroidectomized and 1 of the nonthyroidectomized groups of @entity35 received ip 100 micrograms @entity1300 /kg body weight in @entity4336 oil/ @entity1324 , whereas 3 corresponding groups of @entity35 served as vehicle controls. Two days after dosing and every 7 d thereafter, 1 thyroidectomized control group and 1 thyroidectomized @entity1300 -dosed group were given ip 105 micrograms T4/kg body weight. Mortality and body weight were monitored. The course of @entity1300 @entity137 was similar in nonthyroidectomized and thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity35 but was different in thyroidectomized animals without T4 replacement therapy. At d 90 after @entity1300 dosage, mortality was still lower and the mean time to death was increased (p less than 0.01) in this group of @entity35 compared to nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity35 . However, administration of T4 starting at d 91 after dosing with @entity1300 resulted within 2 wk in the same final mortality in thyroidectomized @entity35 as in nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated animals, indicating that thyroid hormones modulate the time course of the @entity5653 but do not affect the ultimate mortality figure. Body @entity353 was much slower in thyroidectomized (approximately 1 g/d) than in nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity35 (approximately 8 g/d). In the second experiment the three vehicle control groups of the first experiment were used. Nonthyroidectomized vehicle controls and thyroidectomized T4-treated controls were maintained as before, whereas thyroidectomized controls received T3 at 5 micrograms/kg daily. One month later each @entity35 was dosed with @entity1300 at 100 micrograms/kg in @entity4336 oil/ @entity1324 . @entity137 of @entity1300 was similar in nonthyroidectomized, thyroidectomized T4-treated, and thyroidectomized T3-treated @entity35 as judged by mortality, body weight, and food intake, indicating no difference between T3 and T4 in the modulation of @entity1300 @entity137 .

title: Thyroid hormones modulate the @entity137 of XXXX ( @entity1300 ).

answer: @entity1300 :: (MESH:D013749,Chemical) :: ['2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']


abstract: These experiments examine the role of @entity1955 (T4) and @entity1954 (T3) on the @entity137 of @entity1300 ( @entity1300 ). The first experiment is continuation of a study reported previously (Rozman et al., 1984). In this experiment, 60 male @entity35 were divided into 6 equal groups. Four groups of @entity35 were thyroidectomized by 3 mCi Na131 l/kg @entity35 . Five weeks later 2 of the thyroidectomized and 1 of the nonthyroidectomized groups of @entity35 received ip 100 micrograms @entity1300 /kg body weight in @entity4336 oil/ @entity1324 , whereas 3 corresponding groups of @entity35 served as vehicle controls. Two days after dosing and every 7 d thereafter, 1 thyroidectomized control group and 1 thyroidectomized @entity1300 -dosed group were given ip 105 micrograms T4/kg body weight. Mortality and body weight were monitored. The course of @entity1300 @entity137 was similar in nonthyroidectomized and thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity35 but was different in thyroidectomized animals without T4 replacement therapy. At d 90 after @entity1300 dosage, mortality was still lower and the mean time to death was increased (p less than 0.01) in this group of @entity35 compared to nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity35 . However, administration of T4 starting at d 91 after dosing with @entity1300 resulted within 2 wk in the same final mortality in thyroidectomized @entity35 as in nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated animals, indicating that thyroid hormones modulate the time course of the @entity5653 but do not affect the ultimate mortality figure. Body @entity353 was much slower in thyroidectomized (approximately 1 g/d) than in nonthyroidectomized or thyroidectomized T4-treated @entity35 (approximately 8 g/d). In the second experiment the three vehicle control groups of the first experiment were used. Nonthyroidectomized vehicle controls and thyroidectomized T4-treated controls were maintained as before, whereas thyroidectomized controls received T3 at 5 micrograms/kg daily. One month later each @entity35 was dosed with @entity1300 at 100 micrograms/kg in @entity4336 oil/ @entity1324 . @entity137 of @entity1300 was similar in nonthyroidectomized, thyroidectomized T4-treated, and thyroidectomized T3-treated @entity35 as judged by mortality, body weight, and food intake, indicating no difference between T3 and T4 in the modulation of @entity1300 @entity137 .

title: Thyroid hormones modulate the @entity137 of @entity1300 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity1300 :: (MESH:D013749,Chemical) :: ['TCDD']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) in the treatment of @entity5 has improved survival rates and decreased recurrence. Our objective was to analyse perioperative data as well as the results of the follow-up examination. Risk-factors for local recurrence should be identified since the indication for adjuvant therapy in "optimal surgery" has to be redefined. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between March 1997 and December 2001, 108 @entity1 with @entity420 of the lower and middle rectum were operated on by three surgeons according to the concept of total mesorectal excision. In 75 (69.4%) @entity1 ,a lower anterior resection and in 32 (29.2%) cases an abdominoperineal resection was performed. One @entity1 received a Hartmann's resection. There were 15 cases of stage IV (UICC) present and in 53 @entity1 the @entity5 extension was restricted to the wall. Demographic and perioperative data as well as the results of the follow-up examination were registered prospectively. The median follow-up period amounted to 24 months (2-56). RESULTS: A total of 87 @entity1 underwent a curative resection. Fourteen lymph nodes were dissected (median). Pelvic autonomic nerve preservation was possible in 90 @entity1 . The median intraoperative @entity190 was 500 ml. As surgical complications, @entity834 occurred in 18% of cases, perineal wound infection in 33%, and @entity1494 (requiring catheterisation) in 5.6%. The overall rate of recurrence was 17.5%. The rate of local recurrence was 4.9% and the survival rate was 91% over 3 years. Risk factors for local recurrence are N2-disease, transmural growth and @entity5 localisation in the lower third of the rectum. CONCLUSIONS: TME offers good oncological and functional results with low complication rates for the treatment of @entity5 in the middle and upper third of the rectum. Interdisciplinary multicenter studies are still necessary to redefine the place of adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy in cases of @entity5 in the lower two thirds of the rectum and @entity5 .

title: [Total excision of the mesorectum in XXXX of the lower and middle rectum. Oncological and functional results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The aim of the present work was to elucidate the importance of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle for @entity6358 -induced thermogenesis, and to examine the effect of chronic @entity6358 treatment on energy expenditure. The investigations were carried out in vivo on @entity1 , as well as on @entity35 and @entity235 . In rodents BAT is the major site of cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis and of facultative thermogenesis: the component of food-induced thermogenesis storage of nutrients. BAT thermogenesis is mediated through an activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Via a sustained stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, acclimation to cold and overfeeding induces @entity1373 of BAT, and subsequently an increased thermogenic capacity. In a number of @entity28 syndromes in rodents the sympathetic mediation is defective, and this leads to extreme sensitivity to cold and to @entity28 . BAT has been reported to be present also in @entity1 , and there has been focused mainly on the interscapular subcutaneous tissue. An @entity6358 -induced increase of the interscapular skin temperature has been interpreted as evidence of the presence of thermogenic BAT. This lead to the assumption that BAT, also in @entity1 , plays a significant role in the regulation of energy balance. Likewise, the hypothesis has been advanced that a diminished thermogenesis in BAT may be the cause of some types of @entity1 @entity28 . After validation of the xenon clearance method in @entity35 for blood flow measurements in BAT, the method was applied on @entity1 to examine the @entity6358 -induced increase in the interscapular temperature. The warmest interscapular skin area was localized by thermography during @entity6358 stimulation. In a second study subcutaneous blood flow and temperature were measured in this area during @entity6358 stimulation and compared to the response of white adipose tissue in the lumbar area. The results showed that the increases in blood flow and temperatures were of similar magnitude in the two locations. Biopsies taken from the warmest interscapular spots did not contain brown adipocytes. A histological study on @entity1 autopsies confirmed that BAT is rare in the interscapular tissue, but frequently occurring in the perirenal depot. In the next study, the thermogenic function of the perirenal BAT was examined by measurements of blood flow and local temperature. Perirenal BAT thermogenesis was uninfluenced by @entity6358 in 4 of 5 subjects. It was estimated that BAT thermogenesis in the single responding subject could account for maximally 15% of the @entity6358 -induced increase in whole body @entity26 consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Thermogenesis in XXXX brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle induced by sympathomimetic stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6358 :: ('MESH:D004809', 'Chemical') :: ['ephedrine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM AND BACKGROUND: To evaluate feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NA-CT) followed by CT + radiotherapy (RT) in locally advanced or unresectable @entity213 ( @entity213 ). METHODS: 22 @entity213 @entity1 were enrolled (18 males, 4 females; median age, 59.5 years; median ECOG PS, 1). Sites of disease: oral cavity, 18.2%; oropharynx, 40.9%; hypopharynx, 18.2%; larynx, 4.6%, multiple sites, 18.2%. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) category: T2, 13.6%; T3, 31.8%; T4, 54.5%. N (nodes) category: NO, 9.1%; N1, 18.1%; N2, 40.9%; N3, 31.8%. Stage: III, 4.6%; @entity3480 , 63.6%; IVB, 31.8%. Induction @entity3003 (AUC = 6) and @entity1311 (200 mg/m2) x 3 cycles (q21 days) were given. Responders received definitive radiotherapy with concurrent @entity3003 (35 mg/m2/day from days 1 to 5 in weeks 1, 3, 5 and 7) and @entity1311 (50 mg/m2 on days 10, 24 and 38). @entity1 with node involvement were suggested to undergo postradiotherapy neck dissection. RESULTS: NA-CT. 97% of planned chemotherapy cycles were administered. Prevalent @entity137 was hematologic: 50% G4 @entity1398 and 31.8% G3, one @entity221 . All @entity1 had @entity1665 . Complete responses in @entity5 and N were 4 (18.2%) and 3 (15%), respectively. Partial responses were 13(59%) and 9 (45%). There was 1 progressive disease. CT + RT. 79.9% of planned cycles of CT were administered. In 19 @entity1 (86.4%) more than 50% of planned cycles of CT were completed. Median dose of RT was 70.2 Gy on @entity5 /N+ and 54 Gy on NO. Limiting @entity137 was @entity33 in 77.3%, followed by @entity1398 (59.1% G3-G4). Median weight loss was 4.9%.18.2% of @entity1 required hospitalization. Complete responses in @entity5 and N were 15 (68.1%) and 8 (40%), respectively. Partial responses were 5 (22.7%) and 7 (35%). CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results of this study are encouraging, despite the @entity137 . Adequate follow-up is required to evaluate efficacy in terms of local-regional control and overall survival.

title: @entity1311 and XXXX in neo-adjuvant and concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: AIM AND BACKGROUND: To evaluate feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NA-CT) followed by CT + radiotherapy (RT) in locally advanced or unresectable @entity213 ( @entity213 ). METHODS: 22 @entity213 @entity1 were enrolled (18 males, 4 females; median age, 59.5 years; median ECOG PS, 1). Sites of disease: oral cavity, 18.2%; oropharynx, 40.9%; hypopharynx, 18.2%; larynx, 4.6%, multiple sites, 18.2%. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) category: T2, 13.6%; T3, 31.8%; T4, 54.5%. N (nodes) category: NO, 9.1%; N1, 18.1%; N2, 40.9%; N3, 31.8%. Stage: III, 4.6%; @entity3480 , 63.6%; IVB, 31.8%. Induction @entity3003 (AUC = 6) and @entity1311 (200 mg/m2) x 3 cycles (q21 days) were given. Responders received definitive radiotherapy with concurrent @entity3003 (35 mg/m2/day from days 1 to 5 in weeks 1, 3, 5 and 7) and @entity1311 (50 mg/m2 on days 10, 24 and 38). @entity1 with node involvement were suggested to undergo postradiotherapy neck dissection. RESULTS: NA-CT. 97% of planned chemotherapy cycles were administered. Prevalent @entity137 was hematologic: 50% G4 @entity1398 and 31.8% G3, one @entity221 . All @entity1 had @entity1665 . Complete responses in @entity5 and N were 4 (18.2%) and 3 (15%), respectively. Partial responses were 13(59%) and 9 (45%). There was 1 progressive disease. CT + RT. 79.9% of planned cycles of CT were administered. In 19 @entity1 (86.4%) more than 50% of planned cycles of CT were completed. Median dose of RT was 70.2 Gy on @entity5 /N+ and 54 Gy on NO. Limiting @entity137 was @entity33 in 77.3%, followed by @entity1398 (59.1% G3-G4). Median weight loss was 4.9%.18.2% of @entity1 required hospitalization. Complete responses in @entity5 and N were 15 (68.1%) and 8 (40%), respectively. Partial responses were 5 (22.7%) and 7 (35%). CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results of this study are encouraging, despite the @entity137 . Adequate follow-up is required to evaluate efficacy in terms of local-regional control and overall survival.

title: @entity1311 and @entity3003 in neo-adjuvant and concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: AIM AND BACKGROUND: To evaluate feasibility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NA-CT) followed by CT + radiotherapy (RT) in locally advanced or unresectable @entity213 ( @entity213 ). METHODS: 22 @entity213 @entity1 were enrolled (18 males, 4 females; median age, 59.5 years; median ECOG PS, 1). Sites of disease: oral cavity, 18.2%; oropharynx, 40.9%; hypopharynx, 18.2%; larynx, 4.6%, multiple sites, 18.2%. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) category: T2, 13.6%; T3, 31.8%; T4, 54.5%. N (nodes) category: NO, 9.1%; N1, 18.1%; N2, 40.9%; N3, 31.8%. Stage: III, 4.6%; @entity3480 , 63.6%; IVB, 31.8%. Induction @entity3003 (AUC = 6) and @entity1311 (200 mg/m2) x 3 cycles (q21 days) were given. Responders received definitive radiotherapy with concurrent @entity3003 (35 mg/m2/day from days 1 to 5 in weeks 1, 3, 5 and 7) and @entity1311 (50 mg/m2 on days 10, 24 and 38). @entity1 with node involvement were suggested to undergo postradiotherapy neck dissection. RESULTS: NA-CT. 97% of planned chemotherapy cycles were administered. Prevalent @entity137 was hematologic: 50% G4 @entity1398 and 31.8% G3, one @entity221 . All @entity1 had @entity1665 . Complete responses in @entity5 and N were 4 (18.2%) and 3 (15%), respectively. Partial responses were 13(59%) and 9 (45%). There was 1 progressive disease. CT + RT. 79.9% of planned cycles of CT were administered. In 19 @entity1 (86.4%) more than 50% of planned cycles of CT were completed. Median dose of RT was 70.2 Gy on @entity5 /N+ and 54 Gy on NO. Limiting @entity137 was @entity33 in 77.3%, followed by @entity1398 (59.1% G3-G4). Median weight loss was 4.9%.18.2% of @entity1 required hospitalization. Complete responses in @entity5 and N were 15 (68.1%) and 8 (40%), respectively. Partial responses were 5 (22.7%) and 7 (35%). CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary results of this study are encouraging, despite the @entity137 . Adequate follow-up is required to evaluate efficacy in terms of local-regional control and overall survival.

title: XXXX and @entity3003 in neo-adjuvant and concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity213 .

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the results of postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). @entity1 : Eighty-six @entity1 (median age, 60 years) with @entity1358 treated by radical nephrectomy were evaluated for the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy. Twenty-four percent of @entity1 had stage T2, 35% T3a, 36% T3b and 5% T4 disease. Seventy-seven percent had clear cell @entity189 and 23% granular cell or spindle and mixed cell @entity189 . Radiotherapy was given to the renal bed and adjacent lymphatic basin at a median dose of 46 Gy. RESULTS: Thirty-two (37%) @entity1 relapsed: 27 (84%) had systemic relapse only and five (16%) had local and systemic relapse; all @entity1 of the latter group had stage T3b disease. The 10-year disease-free and overall survival was 40% and 42%, respectively. Tumor invasion of the renal vessels and stage of disease were correlated with survival. Side effects of radiotherapy were mainly gastrointestinal, but one @entity1 who received right abdominal irradiation died because of @entity1578 . CONCLUSION: The results of our study are comparable with those reported in the literature. Since postoperative irradiation did not improve the survival of @entity1 with @entity1358 and showed @entity137 , it is not recommended.

title: Postoperative irradiation in XXXX : the Rambam Medical Center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['localized renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['localized renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Carcass and live measurements of 45 barrows were used to evaluate the magnitude of @entity38305 (RAC) treatment prediction biases for measures of carcass composition. Barrows (body weight = 69.6 kg) were allotted by weight to three dietary treatments and fed to an average body weight of 114 kg. Treatments were: 1) 16% crude protein, 0.82% @entity376 control diet (CON); 2) control diet + 20 ppm RAC (RAC16); 3) a phase feeding sequence with 20 ppm RAC (RAC-P) consisting of 18% crude protein (1.08% @entity376 ) during wk 1 and 4, 20% crude protein (1.22% @entity376 ) during wk 2 and 3, 16% crude protein (0.94% @entity376 ) during wk 6, and 16% crude protein (0.82% @entity376 ) during wk 6. The four lean cuts from the right side of the carcasses (n = 15/treatment) were dissected into lean and fat tissue. The other cut soft tissue was collected from the jowl, ribs, and belly. Proximate analyses were completed on these three tissue pools and a sample of fat tissue from the other cut soft tissue. Prediction equations were developed for each of five measures of carcass composition: fat-free lean, lipid-free soft tissue, dissected lean in the four lean cuts, total carcass fat tissue, and soft-tissue lipid mass. @entity38305 treatment biases were found for equations in which midline backfat, ribbed carcass, and live ultrasonic measures were used as single technology sets of measurements. Prediction equations from live or carcass measurements underpredicted the lean mass of the RAC-P @entity1707 and underpredicted the lean mass of the CON @entity1707 . Only 20 to 50% of the true difference in fat-free lean mass or lipid-free soft-tissue mass between the control @entity1707 and @entity1707 fed RAC was predicted from equations including standard carcass measurements. The soft-tissue lipid and total carcass fat mass of RAC-P @entity1707 was overpredicted from the carcass and live ultrasound measurements. Prediction equations including standard carcass measurements with dissected ham lean alone or with dissected loin lean reduced the residual standard deviation and magnitude of biases for the three measures of carcass leanmass. Prediction equations including the percentage of lipid of the other cut soft tissue improved residual standard deviation and reduced the magnitude of biases for total carcass fat mass and soft-tissue lipid. Prediction equations for easily obtained carcass or live ultrasound measures will only partially predict the true effect of RAC to increase carcass leanness. Accurate prediction of the carcass composition of RAC-fed @entity1707 requires some partial dissection, chemical analysis, or alternative technologies.

title: XXXX treatment biases in the prediction of pork carcass composition.

entities_list: @entity38305 :: ('MESH:C060897', 'Chemical') :: ['Ractopamine', 'ractopamine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity38305 :: (MESH:C060897,Chemical) :: ['Ractopamine']


abstract: Left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) as reflected by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was measured in 40 adult cases of @entity417 ( @entity417 ) before and after transfusion of 1 unit of whole citrated blood, using Swan-Ganz monitoring catheters. The cases were randomized into 4 groups of 10 each. Blood was transfused at a rate of 2 ml, 5 ml and 10 ml/min in groups A, B and C, respectively. In group D, blood transfusion (BT) was given at 5 ml/min but this group received, in addition, 40 mg @entity1483 intravenously just prior to the transfusion. Pretransfusion PCWP was normal in all the cases. Following BT the "wedge" pressure increased significantly in the first 3 groups, the rise being proportionately greater with faster transfusions (15.8, 20.9 and 32.2% in groups A, B and C, respectively). In group D, however, PCWP actually decreased by 21.7% (p less than 0.001). As far as we know, this is the first study in which a definite and significant rise in PCWP has been documented following transfusion of blood even at conventional speed (group A). The implications of such an increase in "wedge" pressure as well as the observation that it can be completely blocked by @entity1483 are discussed. On the basis of these observations it is recommended that intravenous @entity1483 should be administered routinely before any BT in cases of @entity417 . Such practice will also permit blood to be transfused at a comparatively faster speed, without jeopardizing @entity1 safety.

title: Hemodynamic evaluation of blood transfusion in XXXX with special reference to speed of transfusion.

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['CSA', 'chronic severe anemia']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['chronic severe anemia']


abstract: Previous series including our earlier study of survivors of childhood @entity981 have documented the presence of nonclonal chromosome abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocytes. To investigate whether or not these abnormalities persist, we restudied nine @entity1 , all of whom had received radiotherapy and a minimum of 3 years of systemic chemotherapy. Therapy had been discontinued a median of 3.9 years prior to study in our first report and a median of 7.2 years prior to study in this follow-up report. Thirty metaphases from short-term cultures of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood from each of nine @entity1 and nine matched controls were analyzed using G-banding. @entity2008 were present in cells from six of the nine @entity1 and 3.0% of @entity1 ' cells overall, as compared to seven of ten @entity1 and 3.5% of @entity1 ' cells in the earlier study. All @entity1 studied twice had abnormalities on one or both occasions. No evidence for the development of cytogenetically abnormal clones was found. Combined data from the two evaluations indicate that all of the @entity1 have a small population of long-lived lymphocytes with nonclonal chromosome abnormalities, the frequency of these cells appears to remain remarkably constant over time, and the proportion of cells with chromosome abnormalities is approximately threefold greater in @entity1 than in controls. It has become apparent that survivors of @entity981 are at increased risk for development of second @entity5 . The relationship between therapy-induced chromosome damage and the development of second @entity5 is currently unknown. We speculate that some cells, possibly in tissues other than peripheral blood, are preneoplastic by virtue of therapy-induced chromosome rearrangements involving critical genes and, following a long latent period, may undergo subsequent genetic or cellular changes that result in malignant transformation. Unfortunately, however, estimation of @entity74 through cytogenetic studies of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes does not appear to be a useful method for prediction of second @entity5 following @entity981 , since most or all of the @entity1 have a low level of abnormal cells.

title: Cytogenetic studies of long-term survivors of childhood XXXX : a follow-up report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic damage']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Nonclonal chromosome abnormalities']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: The development of @entity28 is characterised not only by increased storage of lipids in existing fat cells but also by the generation of new adipocytes from progenitor cells. This process, called adipogenesis, can be divided into two related steps. First, during determination, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells commit to preadipocytes. These cells exhibit similar morphology compared with stem cells; however, they are committed to the adipogenic lineage and are not longer able to transform into osteoblasts, myocytes or chondrocytes. Secondly, during differentiation, preadipocytes become mature fat cells. As in other developmental processes, adipogenesis is tightly regulated at a molecular level by several transcription factors. Within the last decade, it has also become clear how the activity of these transcription factors is coordinated by extracellular signals. In this respect, secreted WNT signalling molecules are particularly important. Several members of the WNT family have been shown to inhibit early steps of adipogenesis. Conversely, endogenous inhibitors of WNT signalling were found to promote generation of adipocytes, indicating a fundamental role of these bioactive peptides in adipogenesis. From a pathophysiological point of view, it is of interest that polymorphisms in genes of the WNT signalling system have been associated with the development of @entity28 and @entity164 2 @entity6 in @entity1 . Moreover, recent findings indicate that certain WNT molecules are involved in the so-called low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue, which is crucial in the development of @entity28 -associated insulin resistance. These important findings in nutritional and metabolic medicine will be summarised in the present review.

title: Role of WNT signalling in the determination of XXXX mesenchymal stem cells into preadipocytes.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity551 to parts of the brain is the cause of @entity385 leading to functional deficits and, if prolonged, to irreversible @entity16 . The fast reperfusion, therefore is the most important therapeutic strategy and was proven to be effective in clinical trials. Steps to intervene with secondary biochemical, molecular, or inflammatory disturbances were not successful so far. Since direct therapeutic interventions are limited, the general management of the @entity64 victim is of utmost importance--and was shown to be most successful in dedicated @entity64 units. Acute therapeutic interventions in @entity385 can only be successful as long as tissue in the area of the @entity63 compromise is still viable. The area of irreversible damage can be identified and distinguished from the penumbral zone, i.e., tissue with impaired function but preserved morphology by functional imaging modalities, like positron emission tomography (PET) or perfusion-(PW) and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In such studies it was demonstrated that a large portion of the final @entity1188 is irreversibly affected in the first few hours in many @entity1 . A considerable tissue volume is viable but critically hypoperfused; a smaller portion of the final @entity1188 is sufficiently perfused and in this area secondary and delayed biochemical and molecular mechanisms contribute to the damage. Based on this concept the improvement of perfusion within the time window of opportunity must be the primary goal in treatment of @entity385 , and neuroprotective and other strategies can only play a supportive and additive role. That this is the case can be seen from the results of many controlled therapeutic trials, in which up to now only thrombolytic therapy with a 3 h time window for systemic and a 6 h time window for intraarterial application proved its efficacy, whereas all trials with neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory or anti-apoptotic strategies failed. Since the direct treatment strategies are limited the acute management of @entity64 victims is of utmost importance: This can be achieved optimally in dedicated @entity64 units in which the outcome was significantly improved over the regular care. It is still to be investigated if invasive strategies--e.g., craniectomy and @entity2332 --or the combination of reperfusion and neuroprotective therapy can improve the outcome after @entity385 .

title: XXXX --acute interventions.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and morphological defects']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of blood flow']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: CONTEXT: It has been suggested that BCG vaccination may protect against development of @entity56 , particularly when given just after birth. BCG vaccination was given routinely to all @entity1 in Greenland until 1990, when it was withdrawn from the vaccination program. Whether this resulted in an increased prevalence of @entity402 in @entity1 born after the stop of BCG vaccination is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether BCG vaccination and age at BCG vaccination are associated with development of @entity402 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Cross-sectional study among schoolchildren aged 8 to 16 years in 4 towns on the northwest coast of Greenland. @entity1 had a blood sample drawn and information on BCG vaccination was obtained during 2 periods, November 1998 and November 2001. A total of 1686 @entity1 (79% of available @entity1 ) participated, 1575 of whom had complete information on vaccination status. Atopy was defined as a positive test result in an assay that tests for IgE specific against the most common inhalant allergens in serum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratio (OR) of @entity402 in BCG-vaccinated compared with unvaccinated @entity1 and OR according to age at vaccination. RESULTS: The risk of @entity402 was the same in BCG-vaccinated compared with unvaccinated @entity1 after adjustment for confounders (OR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-1.48). The risk of @entity402 in BCG-vaccinated @entity1 was not associated with age at vaccination (P =.17). CONCLUSIONS: BCG vaccination administered to @entity1 is not associated with reduced risk of development of @entity402 .

title: BCG vaccination and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity402 :: (MESH:C564133,Disease) :: ['atopy']


abstract: I tried to make it clear three dimensional picture of the smooth muscle of the @entity1 gallbladder at first, and found a connection between the smooth muscle and the autonomic nerves in the wall. At autopsy the @entity1085 was collected from 15 males and 7 females died of apoplexy, @entity542 or @entity583 . These material was fixed 10% neural @entity406 , impregnated into Masson Trichrome for smooth muscle, and modified Golgi method for nerve fivers, embeded in celloidin. I laid a picture after another after tracing serial tangential section of 8 micron by using camera lucida, and made three dimensional picture. In autonomic nerve in the wall three dimensional sections of 100-150 micron were made and observed with light microscope. Three dimensional muscle structure showed monounit structure, having meshwork structure from mucosal area to serous one. It was gratified the condition of the gallbladder contraction to illustrate a series of connection from mucosal aspect to serous one. Many fine nerve fivers were found forming plexuses in the subserous layer, muscular layer and mucosa. There was close relationship between smooth muscle and intramural nerve fibers, which especially distributed into meshwork structure of muscle. I could find morphological relation among the layers, such as three main plexuses. It was suggested that subserous plexus had extrinsic nature.

title: [Morphological studies of XXXX gallbladder].

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder without lesion']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: During the gradual removal of @entity4 with diuretics in 21 @entity4 @entity1 with the @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) we monitored blood volume. For comparison, nine healthy subjects were studied after equilibration on diets containing 20, 200, and 1138 mEq @entity1372 . The initial extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) in the @entity1 exceeded the final ECFV by 63.4 +/- 8.4%. In 10 @entity1 with a very low plasma oncotic pressure (8.2 +/- 0.4 mm Hg, Group 1), the blood volume changed little. In Group 2 (plasma oncotic pressure 13.4 +/- 1.0 mm Hg), it was 11.0 +/- 2.5% higher at entry than after @entity4 withdrawal. In the normal volunteers, the highest @entity1372 intake raised the ECFV by 21.4 +/- 4.1%. The accompanying rise in blood volume, 11.2 +/- 3.0%, was larger than in the @entity1 of Group 1 (2.4 +/- 1.9%, P less than 0.04), but not of Group 2 (8.1 +/- 1.9%, @entity1985 ) at similar degrees of expansion. There was no difference in blood volume between the @entity4 -free @entity1 and the normal subjects at low- @entity1372 diet. The course of blood pressure and @entity1011 clearance during @entity4 removal gave no evidence that functional @entity3485 was induced, but the plasma @entity916 activity was higher than in the normal subjects at similar degrees of expansion. We conclude that the blood volume to ECFV relationship curve is flattened in the presence of @entity4988 . Thus, the increase in blood volume that normally follows ECFV expansion is less in @entity1 with the @entity1985 , but a drop below normal upon removal of @entity4 is absent also.

title: Preservation of blood volume during @entity4 removal in XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic']


abstract: During the gradual removal of @entity4 with diuretics in 21 @entity4 @entity1 with the @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) we monitored blood volume. For comparison, nine healthy subjects were studied after equilibration on diets containing 20, 200, and 1138 mEq @entity1372 . The initial extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) in the @entity1 exceeded the final ECFV by 63.4 +/- 8.4%. In 10 @entity1 with a very low plasma oncotic pressure (8.2 +/- 0.4 mm Hg, Group 1), the blood volume changed little. In Group 2 (plasma oncotic pressure 13.4 +/- 1.0 mm Hg), it was 11.0 +/- 2.5% higher at entry than after @entity4 withdrawal. In the normal volunteers, the highest @entity1372 intake raised the ECFV by 21.4 +/- 4.1%. The accompanying rise in blood volume, 11.2 +/- 3.0%, was larger than in the @entity1 of Group 1 (2.4 +/- 1.9%, P less than 0.04), but not of Group 2 (8.1 +/- 1.9%, @entity1985 ) at similar degrees of expansion. There was no difference in blood volume between the @entity4 -free @entity1 and the normal subjects at low- @entity1372 diet. The course of blood pressure and @entity1011 clearance during @entity4 removal gave no evidence that functional @entity3485 was induced, but the plasma @entity916 activity was higher than in the normal subjects at similar degrees of expansion. We conclude that the blood volume to ECFV relationship curve is flattened in the presence of @entity4988 . Thus, the increase in blood volume that normally follows ECFV expansion is less in @entity1 with the @entity1985 , but a drop below normal upon removal of @entity4 is absent also.

title: Preservation of blood volume during XXXX removal in @entity1985 subjects.

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review our perioperative experience with @entity1 presenting with high-risk @entity150 who had undergone prior therapy for @entity263 . With the increase in diagnosis and subsequent treatment of @entity263 , more @entity1 presenting with high-risk @entity150 have undergone prior therapy for @entity263 . Radical cystectomy in these @entity1 can be technically challenging and may be associated with added morbidity. METHODS: A retrospective review of 458 @entity1 treated with radical cystectomy between January 1993 and January 2002 revealed 29 @entity1 (mean age 72 years) who had received definitive treatment for @entity263 prior to cystectomy for @entity150 . The initial treatment in this cohort was radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy in 12 (41%) and 17 (59%) @entity1 , respectively. Cystectomy was performed for transitional cell @entity189 in 25 (86%), @entity4153 in 2 (6%), and @entity242 in 2 (6%) @entity1 . RESULTS: At the time of cystectomy, the mean @entity190 was 1175 mL (range 275 to 3500), and the median length of hospitalization was 8 days (range 4 to 23). No intraoperative or perioperative @entity204 occurred in this cohort. Twenty-seven early @entity532 were identified in 16 (55%) of 29 @entity1 ; no @entity130 occurred. @entity1 with prior radiotherapy had a higher rate of extravesical @entity150 (60%) than those @entity1 treated with prior prostatectomy (33%). An orthotopic neobladder diversion was created in 5 @entity1 (17%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity150 previously treated for @entity263 with external beam radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy have an increased risk of perioperative @entity532 compared with @entity1 undergoing cystectomy without prior therapy. This risk is not prohibitive, and radical cystectomy should remain the treatment of choice for high-risk @entity150 in this population. Furthermore, orthotopic urinary diversion may be a reasonable option and should be considered in select @entity1 .

title: Radical cystectomy for XXXX after @entity263 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['rectal injuries']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review our perioperative experience with @entity1 presenting with high-risk @entity150 who had undergone prior therapy for @entity263 . With the increase in diagnosis and subsequent treatment of @entity263 , more @entity1 presenting with high-risk @entity150 have undergone prior therapy for @entity263 . Radical cystectomy in these @entity1 can be technically challenging and may be associated with added morbidity. METHODS: A retrospective review of 458 @entity1 treated with radical cystectomy between January 1993 and January 2002 revealed 29 @entity1 (mean age 72 years) who had received definitive treatment for @entity263 prior to cystectomy for @entity150 . The initial treatment in this cohort was radical prostatectomy or external beam radiotherapy in 12 (41%) and 17 (59%) @entity1 , respectively. Cystectomy was performed for transitional cell @entity189 in 25 (86%), @entity4153 in 2 (6%), and @entity242 in 2 (6%) @entity1 . RESULTS: At the time of cystectomy, the mean @entity190 was 1175 mL (range 275 to 3500), and the median length of hospitalization was 8 days (range 4 to 23). No intraoperative or perioperative @entity204 occurred in this cohort. Twenty-seven early @entity532 were identified in 16 (55%) of 29 @entity1 ; no @entity130 occurred. @entity1 with prior radiotherapy had a higher rate of extravesical @entity150 (60%) than those @entity1 treated with prior prostatectomy (33%). An orthotopic neobladder diversion was created in 5 @entity1 (17%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity150 previously treated for @entity263 with external beam radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy have an increased risk of perioperative @entity532 compared with @entity1 undergoing cystectomy without prior therapy. This risk is not prohibitive, and radical cystectomy should remain the treatment of choice for high-risk @entity150 in this population. Furthermore, orthotopic urinary diversion may be a reasonable option and should be considered in select @entity1 .

title: Radical cystectomy for @entity150 after XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['definitive prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity28 resulting from lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) has often been attributed to ablation-induced disinhibition of insulin release. However, lesion studies have generally employed electrolyzing anodal current with stainless steel electrodes, which results not only in tissue ablation but deposits of metallic ions that can chronically irritate surrounding tissue. The present study compared the effects of irritative and nonirritative VMH lesions on plasma insulin levels and @entity28 in female @entity35 . Blood samples were obtained after a 4-h fast and 17 min after the initiation of a meal (6 ml of sweetened milk in 7 min) during a period when VMH @entity35 were food restricted to the level of sham-operated animals and again when all animals were fed ad libitum. Irritative lesions (anodal electrolytic with stainless steel electrodes) caused heavy metallic ion deposition at the lesion site, marked @entity28 , and @entity3190 both during food restriction and ad libitum feeding. @entity75 (cathodal electrolytic with @entity902 electrodes) resulted in no metallic ion deposition in seven of nine animals. These seven @entity35 , which displayed 65% of the @entity1017 of animals with @entity146 (significantly greater than sham @entity35 ), had significantly elevated insulin levels only under the postabsorptive condition during ad libitum feeding. In addition, only the animals with @entity146 displayed emotional hyperreactivity to capture and handling. It is concluded that @entity28 produced by anodal electrolytic lesions with stainless steel electrodes is a result of both a destructive component resulting in @entity7298 with @entity3190 and an irritative component (accounting for up to 40% of the @entity1017 in female @entity35 ) resulting in @entity5702 independent of @entity7298 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity75 of VMH: effects on plasma insulin, XXXX , and hyperreactivity.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritative lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Nonirritative lesions']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia', 'secondary hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['basal hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity28 resulting from lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) has often been attributed to ablation-induced disinhibition of insulin release. However, lesion studies have generally employed electrolyzing anodal current with stainless steel electrodes, which results not only in tissue ablation but deposits of metallic ions that can chronically irritate surrounding tissue. The present study compared the effects of irritative and nonirritative VMH lesions on plasma insulin levels and @entity28 in female @entity35 . Blood samples were obtained after a 4-h fast and 17 min after the initiation of a meal (6 ml of sweetened milk in 7 min) during a period when VMH @entity35 were food restricted to the level of sham-operated animals and again when all animals were fed ad libitum. Irritative lesions (anodal electrolytic with stainless steel electrodes) caused heavy metallic ion deposition at the lesion site, marked @entity28 , and @entity3190 both during food restriction and ad libitum feeding. @entity75 (cathodal electrolytic with @entity902 electrodes) resulted in no metallic ion deposition in seven of nine animals. These seven @entity35 , which displayed 65% of the @entity1017 of animals with @entity146 (significantly greater than sham @entity35 ), had significantly elevated insulin levels only under the postabsorptive condition during ad libitum feeding. In addition, only the animals with @entity146 displayed emotional hyperreactivity to capture and handling. It is concluded that @entity28 produced by anodal electrolytic lesions with stainless steel electrodes is a result of both a destructive component resulting in @entity7298 with @entity3190 and an irritative component (accounting for up to 40% of the @entity1017 in female @entity35 ) resulting in @entity5702 independent of @entity7298 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX of VMH: effects on plasma insulin, @entity28 , and hyperreactivity.

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Nonirritative lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to analyze the results of fibrinolytic treatment (FT) in a large single-center group of @entity1 with @entity715 ( @entity715 ). BACKGROUND: Fibrinolytic treatment of @entity715 represents an alternative to surgery, but is still controversial because of the risk of @entity887 . METHODS: A total of 110 consecutive @entity1 presenting with 127 instances of @entity715 received FT between 1978 and 2001. The diagnosis of @entity715 was established mainly by fluoroscopy and/or echocardiography. The first fibrinolytic agent used was streptokinase (SK) in 49 cases, urokinase (UK) in 41 cases, and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) in 37 cases. A second FT was consecutively infused in 38 @entity1 (30%) and a third FT in 11 others. The efficacy of FT was assessed from hemodynamic parameters derived from echographic examinations as well as on clinical grounds. RESULTS: Complete resolution of @entity854 was seen in 90/127 @entity1 , partial resolution in 22/127 @entity1 , and no change in 15/127 @entity1 after one or more consecutive fibrinolytic regimens. When SK or rtPA were used as the first fibrinolytic agent, they appeared significantly superior to UK in terms of valve reopening. Fifteen @entity1 died. @entity548 were observed in six @entity1 . Nineteen documented embolic events occurred during FT. Finally, @entity715 recurred in 24 @entity1 , 17 of whom were retreated with lytic agents. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that FT is effective in most cases of @entity715 , regardless of prosthesis or site involved. However, @entity887 , @entity548 , and @entity204 were not uncommon after lytic therapy of left-sided @entity715 , limiting its application to @entity1 at high risk with alternative treatment.

title: Fibrinolysis of mechanical prosthetic valve XXXX : a single-center study of 127 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Severe hemorrhagic complications', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic heart valve thrombosis', 'PHVT']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: A large number of compounds may be applied to the teeth for preventive or therapeutic purposes, most notably in dentine @entity56 . The uptake of any one compound by tooth substances may clearly be affected by another to produce synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects. This study determined whether uptake interactions occurred between @entity1388 , @entity1216 , @entity9756 , @entity11721 and @entity219 . All compounds, in particular @entity11721 , showed considerable affinity for dentine. @entity1388 reduced the uptake of @entity219 but not @entity11721 , @entity9756 or @entity1216 . @entity1216 increased the uptake of @entity219 , but not @entity11721 , @entity9756 or @entity1388 . @entity219 and @entity11721 decreased @entity1388 uptake but @entity9756 had no such effect. Finally, @entity1216 uptake was increased by @entity219 and @entity11721 but not by @entity1388 or @entity9756 . Based on the theories proposed for the reaction of these various compounds with calcified tissues, explanations for the interactions can be made. The results appear relevant to some reported clinical effects of combinations of these compounds and indicate that such interactions may have advantageous or disadvantageous consequences depending on the basis for treatment.

title: Dentine @entity56 : effect of interactions between metal salts, XXXX and @entity1216 on the uptake by dentine.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine', 'Chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride', 'Fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: A large number of compounds may be applied to the teeth for preventive or therapeutic purposes, most notably in dentine @entity56 . The uptake of any one compound by tooth substances may clearly be affected by another to produce synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects. This study determined whether uptake interactions occurred between @entity1388 , @entity1216 , @entity9756 , @entity11721 and @entity219 . All compounds, in particular @entity11721 , showed considerable affinity for dentine. @entity1388 reduced the uptake of @entity219 but not @entity11721 , @entity9756 or @entity1216 . @entity1216 increased the uptake of @entity219 , but not @entity11721 , @entity9756 or @entity1388 . @entity219 and @entity11721 decreased @entity1388 uptake but @entity9756 had no such effect. Finally, @entity1216 uptake was increased by @entity219 and @entity11721 but not by @entity1388 or @entity9756 . Based on the theories proposed for the reaction of these various compounds with calcified tissues, explanations for the interactions can be made. The results appear relevant to some reported clinical effects of combinations of these compounds and indicate that such interactions may have advantageous or disadvantageous consequences depending on the basis for treatment.

title: Dentine @entity56 : effect of interactions between metal salts, @entity1388 and XXXX on the uptake by dentine.

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine']


abstract: A large number of compounds may be applied to the teeth for preventive or therapeutic purposes, most notably in dentine @entity56 . The uptake of any one compound by tooth substances may clearly be affected by another to produce synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects. This study determined whether uptake interactions occurred between @entity1388 , @entity1216 , @entity9756 , @entity11721 and @entity219 . All compounds, in particular @entity11721 , showed considerable affinity for dentine. @entity1388 reduced the uptake of @entity219 but not @entity11721 , @entity9756 or @entity1216 . @entity1216 increased the uptake of @entity219 , but not @entity11721 , @entity9756 or @entity1388 . @entity219 and @entity11721 decreased @entity1388 uptake but @entity9756 had no such effect. Finally, @entity1216 uptake was increased by @entity219 and @entity11721 but not by @entity1388 or @entity9756 . Based on the theories proposed for the reaction of these various compounds with calcified tissues, explanations for the interactions can be made. The results appear relevant to some reported clinical effects of combinations of these compounds and indicate that such interactions may have advantageous or disadvantageous consequences depending on the basis for treatment.

title: Dentine XXXX : effect of interactions between metal salts, @entity1388 and @entity1216 on the uptake by dentine.

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: Owing to the @entity1763 of the @entity1 weighing 4460 g, the delivery of a 33-year-old secundipara was completed by vacuum extraction. In the course of delivery the @entity1 was bleeding very little. Following the delivery she complained of the numbness of the left hand and @entity10 , she was pale, restless, and all in a cold sweat. The blood pressure was unmeasurable and the peripheral pulse could not be felt. Reanimation started at once. After a short improvement the @entity1 's condition was getting worse. For suspected @entity548 , abdominal hysterectomy was applied. The operation revealed the incomplete @entity397 of the uterus. The @entity1 died in the course of the operation. @entity1211 was diagnosed only during obduction and was most probably the consequence of air aspiration through the split uterine veins.

title: [Air embolism in a labor with uterine XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous air embolism']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical efficacy of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) assisted by neuroendoscopy and laparoscopy for treatment of communicating @entity1276 . METHODS: From January 2010 to January 2014, 209 cases (male 93, female 116) who suffered communicating @entity1276 performed VPS with neuroendoscopy and laparoscopy in Department of Neurosurgery of @entity1 's Liberation Army General Hospital. The age of the @entity1 were from 7 months to 79 years (mean 38.1 years), average duration were 20 days to 4 years (mean (2.4    0.7) months). Neuroendoscopy and laparoscopy were used to help respectively to place shunt catheter to better position, both in the ventricle and peritoneal cavity. The effect of subsequent shunt system survival was analyzed with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: There were 209 @entity1 received 255 times of VPS. All operations were successfully completed. No craniotomy or open operation were needed for technical-related complications. Forty-six revisions were performed in all @entity1 . After the operation, 203 @entity1 with @entity1276 improved at different level after surgery. Thirteen cases occurred @entity551 and improved after the pressure adjusted. All @entity1 were followed up for 1 month to 4 years, with a median follow-up time of 2.1 years, while the shunt system efficiencies were 91.0%, 86.7%, 83.9% and 82.0% respectively from the end of the 1st year to the end of the 4th year. CONCLUSIONS: For VPS, neuroendoscopy and laparoscopy can respectively help to place shunt catheter to better position, both in the ventricle and peritoneal cavity. Hence, the combination of these two modalities can reduce the failure rate of shunt catheter insertion and has significant impact on shunt system survival.

title: [Combined application of neuroendoscope and laparoscope in ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for treatment of communicating XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Case description of a @entity1 who developed @entity6081 following appendectomy for @entity697 , and literature review of invasive group B @entity883 . METHODS: A 65-year-old @entity1 with @entity698 underwent urgent appendectomy and drainage. Antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity2890 (100 mg) and @entity868 (500 mg) was administered. At surgery, a phlegmon was identified with free perforation of the appendix and purulent peritoneal fluid. Appendectomy, irrigation with 0.9% @entity1219 solution, and drainage with a Silastic closed-suction drain was performed. A literature search in all languages was performed using MEDLINE, using the search terms @entity281 , wound @entity281 , group B @entity5967 , @entity5967 , necrotizing @entity9156 , and @entity86 . RESULTS: Erysipelas of the surgical wound developed on the fourth postoperative day. Intravenous @entity114 and @entity115 / @entity798 were administered empirically. Culture of the wound drainage identified @entity5967 and a few colonies of @entity526 . The broad-spectrum antibiotic was discontinued, and a 10-day course of @entity114 was completed. CONCLUSIONS: Erysipelas of the surgical wound is unusual, and @entity281 with group B streptococci is rare compared with @entity281 by group A streptococci. @entity5967 is recognized to be increasingly virulent, with an increasing predilection for @entity281 in healthy hosts. Although @entity5967 remains highly susceptible to antimicrobial agents effective against gram-positive cocci, the changing epidemiology and potentially invasive nature of these infections should have clinicians alert to the possibility of @entity281 caused by group B streptococci.

title: Wound erysipelas following appendectomy caused by group B beta-hemolytic @entity5967 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['erysipelas of the surgical wound']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae', 'streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremic infections', 'infection', 'surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity5967 :: (1311,Species) :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Case description of a @entity1 who developed @entity6081 following appendectomy for @entity697 , and literature review of invasive group B @entity883 . METHODS: A 65-year-old @entity1 with @entity698 underwent urgent appendectomy and drainage. Antibiotic prophylaxis with @entity2890 (100 mg) and @entity868 (500 mg) was administered. At surgery, a phlegmon was identified with free perforation of the appendix and purulent peritoneal fluid. Appendectomy, irrigation with 0.9% @entity1219 solution, and drainage with a Silastic closed-suction drain was performed. A literature search in all languages was performed using MEDLINE, using the search terms @entity281 , wound @entity281 , group B @entity5967 , @entity5967 , necrotizing @entity9156 , and @entity86 . RESULTS: Erysipelas of the surgical wound developed on the fourth postoperative day. Intravenous @entity114 and @entity115 / @entity798 were administered empirically. Culture of the wound drainage identified @entity5967 and a few colonies of @entity526 . The broad-spectrum antibiotic was discontinued, and a 10-day course of @entity114 was completed. CONCLUSIONS: Erysipelas of the surgical wound is unusual, and @entity281 with group B streptococci is rare compared with @entity281 by group A streptococci. @entity5967 is recognized to be increasingly virulent, with an increasing predilection for @entity281 in healthy hosts. Although @entity5967 remains highly susceptible to antimicrobial agents effective against gram-positive cocci, the changing epidemiology and potentially invasive nature of these infections should have clinicians alert to the possibility of @entity281 caused by group B streptococci.

title: Wound erysipelas following appendectomy caused by group B beta-hemolytic XXXX ( @entity5967 ).

answer: @entity5967 :: (1311,Species) :: ['Streptococcus']


abstract: The shape and size of the adrenals in control subjects without @entity74 were studied by computed tomography (CT), and a comparative assessment of diagnostic values of ultrasonography (US) by electronic linear scanner, CT, and adrenal scintigraphy was made on 9 @entity1 with @entity1368 . Adrenal imaging by scintigraphy was performed on the 5th and 6th day, or further on the 7th day after the injection of 1 mCi of @entity49462 . CT findings of the adrenals in control subjects: Eighty-two % of 100 control right adrenals, and 89% of 100 control left adrenals were detected by CT. Seventy-seven % of the right adrenals were in linear-shape, and the others were in V-shape. The shape of the left adrenals could be classified into triangular-shape (54%), Y-shape (28%) and V-shape (18%). The mean width and thickness of the right adrenals were 28.6 +/- 7.5 mm ( @entity13309 ) and 3.8 +/- 1.4 mm, respectively. Those of the left ones were 19.4 +/- 5.5 mm and 5.3 +/- 1.8 mm. Image diagnosis of @entity1368 : In 2 out of 3 @entity1 examined by US, aldosteronomas were detected. In these 2 @entity1 , one had 2 @entity652 2.8 X 1.7 X 1.2 cm and 1.0 X 1.0 X 2.0 cm in size, and the other had one @entity652 0.8 X 1.0 X 2.0 cm in size. On adrenal scintiscanning under @entity619 pretreatment (DP), the isotope uptake of aldosteronoma was still seen with the disappearance of the contralateral adrenal in 7 out of 9 cases. In these 7 cases, the laterality of the @entity5 was confirmed. In one of the remaining 2 cases, the bilateral adrenal images were obtained regardless of DP. In the other case, of which aldosteronoma was the smallest (0.6 X 0.6 X 0.8 cm), the image of the affected adrenal with @entity652 as well as the contralateral adrenal disappeared under DP. CT delineated all aldosteronomas in 8 cases examined including 2 cases in which adrenal scintiscanning failed to elucidate the localization of aldosteronoma. These results indicated that the combination of these 3 new image diagnostic methods was available for the detection of aldosteronomas of various sizes.

title: [Image diagnosis of @entity74 --I. CT images of control subjects and image diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity49462 :: ('MESH:D000301', 'Chemical') :: ['Adosterol']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal disorders']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['primary aldosteronism']


abstract: The shape and size of the adrenals in control subjects without @entity74 were studied by computed tomography (CT), and a comparative assessment of diagnostic values of ultrasonography (US) by electronic linear scanner, CT, and adrenal scintigraphy was made on 9 @entity1 with @entity1368 . Adrenal imaging by scintigraphy was performed on the 5th and 6th day, or further on the 7th day after the injection of 1 mCi of @entity49462 . CT findings of the adrenals in control subjects: Eighty-two % of 100 control right adrenals, and 89% of 100 control left adrenals were detected by CT. Seventy-seven % of the right adrenals were in linear-shape, and the others were in V-shape. The shape of the left adrenals could be classified into triangular-shape (54%), Y-shape (28%) and V-shape (18%). The mean width and thickness of the right adrenals were 28.6 +/- 7.5 mm ( @entity13309 ) and 3.8 +/- 1.4 mm, respectively. Those of the left ones were 19.4 +/- 5.5 mm and 5.3 +/- 1.8 mm. Image diagnosis of @entity1368 : In 2 out of 3 @entity1 examined by US, aldosteronomas were detected. In these 2 @entity1 , one had 2 @entity652 2.8 X 1.7 X 1.2 cm and 1.0 X 1.0 X 2.0 cm in size, and the other had one @entity652 0.8 X 1.0 X 2.0 cm in size. On adrenal scintiscanning under @entity619 pretreatment (DP), the isotope uptake of aldosteronoma was still seen with the disappearance of the contralateral adrenal in 7 out of 9 cases. In these 7 cases, the laterality of the @entity5 was confirmed. In one of the remaining 2 cases, the bilateral adrenal images were obtained regardless of DP. In the other case, of which aldosteronoma was the smallest (0.6 X 0.6 X 0.8 cm), the image of the affected adrenal with @entity652 as well as the contralateral adrenal disappeared under DP. CT delineated all aldosteronomas in 8 cases examined including 2 cases in which adrenal scintiscanning failed to elucidate the localization of aldosteronoma. These results indicated that the combination of these 3 new image diagnostic methods was available for the detection of aldosteronomas of various sizes.

title: [Image diagnosis of XXXX --I. CT images of control subjects and image diagnosis of @entity1368 ].

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['adrenal disorders']


abstract: The goal of a @entity5 prevention program is to improve the mortality rates of @entity1 . No risk-reduction strategy is proven to reduce mortality rates of @entity1 at increased risk for @entity43 . Methods of @entity43 surveillance are unproven in high-risk @entity1 . According to some studies, the use of oral contraceptives in high-risk @entity1 reduces @entity43 risk. Prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy is the most effective method of @entity5 risk reduction in @entity1 at high risk for @entity43 . However, @entity1 who undergo prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy remain at risk for primary @entity3906 . A minority of @entity1 with @entity5345 and @entity2674 mutations are diagnosed with @entity5 at the time of surgical prophylaxis. Surgical prophylaxis should include complete @entity5274 and ovaries, procurement of peritoneal cytology, and thorough evaluation of the tubes and ovaries by an expert pathologist. Beginning at age 30 years, @entity1 with @entity5345 and @entity2674 germline mutations should have an annual or semiannual screening, consisting of serum @entity10224 measurement and transvaginal ultrasound, until the completion of childbearing. After the completion of childbearing and by age 40 years, @entity1 should undergo prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy.

title: Prophylactic surgery and other strategies for reducing the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['occult cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3906 :: ('MESH:D010534', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the fallopian tubes']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['familial ovarian cancer']


abstract: A technique was developed to create a reproducible @entity2249 in vitro using 5-month-old JW/ @entity72372 series male @entity95 . Force attenuation of a newly developed damping material was also evaluated using this model. Ten pairs of the femora with smaller deviations in length and weight were harvested and cleaned of soft tissue. Either a right or left of each pair of the specimens was randomly selected and put into either the control or the experimental group, both of which contained equal numbers of the right and left femora. The specimens were attached to an L-shaped plate and embedded in a resin from the proximal diaphysis to the distal end so as to maintain a consistent position of the femora. They were mounted and fixed on a pedestal slanted in the coronal plane at 20 degrees. The impact load testing was conducted using an impact mallet dropped from a height of 3 cm. The impact load was applied onto the femoral head. To the specimens in the experimental group, attenuated impact forces were loaded through the damping material, but those in the control group were subjected to forces directly transmitted without the material. All the impact testing was performed in a temperature and humidity controlled chamber. All of the femoral specimens exposed to the direct impact forces (controlled group) sustained @entity174 at the neck. The @entity174 line passed from the base of the femoral head laterally and to the calcar area just proximal to the minor trochanter medially. The location of each @entity174 line was almost identical among the specimens. None of the specimens that were exposed to the impact force through the damping material (experimental group) sustained @entity174 macroscopically and roentgenographically.

title: A XXXX model in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fracture']


abstract: A technique was developed to create a reproducible @entity2249 in vitro using 5-month-old JW/ @entity72372 series male @entity95 . Force attenuation of a newly developed damping material was also evaluated using this model. Ten pairs of the femora with smaller deviations in length and weight were harvested and cleaned of soft tissue. Either a right or left of each pair of the specimens was randomly selected and put into either the control or the experimental group, both of which contained equal numbers of the right and left femora. The specimens were attached to an L-shaped plate and embedded in a resin from the proximal diaphysis to the distal end so as to maintain a consistent position of the femora. They were mounted and fixed on a pedestal slanted in the coronal plane at 20 degrees. The impact load testing was conducted using an impact mallet dropped from a height of 3 cm. The impact load was applied onto the femoral head. To the specimens in the experimental group, attenuated impact forces were loaded through the damping material, but those in the control group were subjected to forces directly transmitted without the material. All the impact testing was performed in a temperature and humidity controlled chamber. All of the femoral specimens exposed to the direct impact forces (controlled group) sustained @entity174 at the neck. The @entity174 line passed from the base of the femoral head laterally and to the calcar area just proximal to the minor trochanter medially. The location of each @entity174 line was almost identical among the specimens. None of the specimens that were exposed to the impact force through the damping material (experimental group) sustained @entity174 macroscopically and roentgenographically.

title: A @entity2249 model in XXXX .

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) have been used to investigate the biological mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and its progression. However, previous studies have highlighted the difficulty of distinguishing between the @entity5 cells and stroma in experimental models of @entity157 . Therefore the aim of the present study was to establish a red  -green dual  -color fluorescence tracing orthotopic transplantation model of @entity157 , and investigate its practical values. Stable high @entity7351 ( @entity7351 )  -expressing HepG2 @entity1 @entity157 cells and Hepa1  -6 @entity19 @entity157 cells were injected into the right liver lobe of green fluorescent protein  -expressing @entity19 . The growth and @entity3 of the @entity5 were visualized using a whole  -body in vivo fluorescence imaging system in real time. @entity157 tissues were extracted from @entity5  -bearing @entity19 , and cut into 5  -  m serial frozen slices. The organizational structure of the transplanted @entity5 was observed under a microscope. A dual  -color fluorescence tracing orthotopic transplantation @entity5 model of @entity157 was successfully established with a success rate of 100%. The growth and @entity3 of the @entity5 were visualized at each stage of development in the @entity5  -bearing @entity19 . @entity5 cells with red fluorescence and host cells with green fluorescence were identified to merge in the reconstruction region of @entity5 tissue. The invasion, migration, and cell fusion between @entity5 and host cells was observed clearly. The dual  -color fluorescence tracing orthotopic transplantation model of @entity157 was determined to be a stable and reliable method for tracking @entity5 progression. Mutual interactions between @entity157 cells and host tissues may be observed directly using this model, further elucidating the development of the @entity5 microenvironment.

title: Establishment of a dual-color fluorescence tracing orthotopic transplantation model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatoma', 'Different experimental models of hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7351 :: ('5987', 'Gene') :: ['red fluorescent protein', 'RFP']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acquired chemoresistance represents a major obstacle in @entity5 treatment, the underlying mechanism of which is complex and not well understood. @entity38485 has been reported to be implicated tumorigenesis in a few @entity5 types. However, its role in regulating chemoresistance has not been investigated in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cells. Microarray analysis was performed in isogenic chemosensitive and chemoresistant HCT116 cell lines to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. miRNA quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect @entity38485 expression levels between drug resistant and parental @entity5 cells. @entity38485 mimic and inhibitor were transfected, followed by CellTiter-Glo(  ) assay to examine drug sensitivity in these two cell lines. Western Blot and luciferase assay were performed to investigate the direct target of @entity38485 . Xenograft @entity19 models were used to examine in vivo function of @entity38485 . Our data showed that expression of @entity38485 was significantly up-regulated in HCT116-R compared with parental HCT116 cells. Inhibition of @entity38485 reversed chemoresistance in HCT116-R cells. @entity32085 ( @entity32085 ) is the direct target of @entity38485 which is required for the regulatory role of @entity38485 in chemoresistance. @entity38485 inhibitor sensitized HCT116-R xenografts to chemo drugs in vivo. Our study demonstrated that @entity38485 regulates chemoresistance of @entity14 cells by modulating @entity32085 expression level both in vitro and in vivo. @entity38485 may represent a new therapeutic target for the intervention of @entity14 .

title: MicroRNA-425-5p regulates chemoresistance in XXXX cells via regulation of @entity32085 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity32085 :: ('11235', 'Gene') :: ['Programmed cell death 10', 'PDCD10']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acquired chemoresistance represents a major obstacle in @entity5 treatment, the underlying mechanism of which is complex and not well understood. @entity38485 has been reported to be implicated tumorigenesis in a few @entity5 types. However, its role in regulating chemoresistance has not been investigated in @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cells. Microarray analysis was performed in isogenic chemosensitive and chemoresistant HCT116 cell lines to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. miRNA quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect @entity38485 expression levels between drug resistant and parental @entity5 cells. @entity38485 mimic and inhibitor were transfected, followed by CellTiter-Glo(  ) assay to examine drug sensitivity in these two cell lines. Western Blot and luciferase assay were performed to investigate the direct target of @entity38485 . Xenograft @entity19 models were used to examine in vivo function of @entity38485 . Our data showed that expression of @entity38485 was significantly up-regulated in HCT116-R compared with parental HCT116 cells. Inhibition of @entity38485 reversed chemoresistance in HCT116-R cells. @entity32085 ( @entity32085 ) is the direct target of @entity38485 which is required for the regulatory role of @entity38485 in chemoresistance. @entity38485 inhibitor sensitized HCT116-R xenografts to chemo drugs in vivo. Our study demonstrated that @entity38485 regulates chemoresistance of @entity14 cells by modulating @entity32085 expression level both in vitro and in vivo. @entity38485 may represent a new therapeutic target for the intervention of @entity14 .

title: MicroRNA-425-5p regulates chemoresistance in @entity14 cells via regulation of XXXX .

answer: @entity32085 :: (11235,Gene) :: ['Programmed Cell Death 10']


abstract: To determine the impact of @entity3363 on the metabolic pathway in alkaliphiles, proteomes were obtained from cultures containing different @entity3363 and were resolved on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The proteomes were compared to determine differentially expressed proteins. A novel alkaliphilic bacterium (alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 isolated from Wudunur Soda Lake, China) was isolated in media with five different @entity505 sources ( @entity413 , @entity3913 , @entity3649 , @entity4583 , and @entity6122 ). Comparative proteome analysis identified 61 differentially expressed proteins, which were mainly involved in @entity1735 metabolism, @entity535 transport, and metabolism, as well as energy production and conversion. The comparison was based on the draft genome sequence of strain N16-5. The abundance of enzymes involved in central metabolism was significantly changed when exposed to various @entity3363 . Notably, catabolite control protein A (CcpA) was up-regulated under all @entity505 sources compared with @entity413 . In addition, @entity27753 exhibited a stronger effect than hexose in CcpA-mediated @entity505 catabolite repression. These results provided a fundamental understanding of @entity1735 metabolism in alkaliphiles.

title: Comparative proteome analysis of alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 grown on different XXXX sources.

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: Telomeres, the non-coding sequences at the ends of chromosomes, in the absence of telomerase, progressively shorten with each cell division. Shortening of telomeres can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate age- and gender-related changes in telomere length in the @entity35 and to detect possible tissue- specific rates of @entity3207 . Changes with age in telomere lengths were assessed by Southern blotting in the kidney, pancreas, liver, lung and brain of male and female @entity35 . We determined the percentage of telomeres in various molecular size regions rather than measuring the average telomere length. The latter was unable to detect @entity3207 in the tissues. The percentage of short telomeres increased with age in the kidney, liver, pancreas and lung of both males and females, but not in the brain. Males had shorter telomeres than females in all organs analysed except the brain, where the lengths were similar. These findings indicate that telomeres shorten in the @entity35 kidney, liver, pancreas and the lung in an age-dependent manner. These data also provide a novel mechanism for the gender-related differences in lifespan and suggest a tissue-specific regulation of telomere length during development and ageing in the @entity35 .

title: Ageing and telomeres: a study into organ- and gender-specific XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['telomere shortening']

answer: @entity3207 :: (MESH:C535850,Disease) :: ['telomere shortening']


abstract: Age fractionation of erythrocytes is useful for further studies of the pharmacokinetics of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in red blood cells. We separated erythrocytes from five blood donors and four @entity1 at different time points after @entity1500 infusions, using discontinuous Percoll gradients consisting of four solutions with a difference of 3% in density among them. The procedure yielded five distinct fractions of erythrocytes of increasing mean cell age as judged by declining reticulocyte enrichment and erythrocyte @entity492 aminotransferase activity among the five fractions. @entity1500 concentrations of the erythrocytes were measured at different times in connection with five 24-h @entity1500 infusions (0.7-4 g/m2) on 14 occasions. Two days after completion of @entity1500 infusion, no @entity1500 was detected in the youngest erythrocyte population in two @entity1 . Seven days after the infusion, the highest @entity1500 concentrations were found in the youngest red blood cells. Ten to fourteen days following the @entity1500 treatment, considerably lower @entity1500 concentrations were found in the young red blood cells, and the @entity1500 -containing erythrocytes seemed to have moved down the gradient. Just before the next @entity1500 infusion (after 28 days) no @entity1500 could be detected in the young erythrocytes. The @entity1500 concentrations at that time were highest in the oldest erythrocyte fractions. This study shows more directly that @entity1500 is incorporated in the red cell precursors of the bone marrow. The pharmacokinetics demonstrated correspond to a maturation time of the erythroblasts of about 7 days.

title: XXXX pharmacokinetics in age-fractionated erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: Tumor @entity26 tension and extracellular pH (pH(e)) are physiological parameters that can be manipulated to improve current @entity5 therapies. Many @entity1 @entity5 consist of cells that are chronically exposed to low pH(e). Exposure of @entity5 cells in culture to @entity413 decreases @entity26 consumption ( @entity26 sparing or Crabtree effect), and while this effect is absent in low pH-adapted @entity5 cells, it can be restored by combining the respiratory inhibitor @entity7990 ( @entity7990 ) with @entity413 (Burd et al., @entity5 Res. 61, 5630-5635, 2001). The effects of @entity4854 and MIBG on @entity5 @entity26 tension and on pH(e) were investigated in @entity1 @entity320 xenografts in @entity915 @entity19 . An oral gavage of 1 M @entity413 (2 g/kg) increased the average blood @entity413 concentration from <140 mg/dl to approximately 400 mg/dl. Although @entity5 pH(e) decreased from pH 6.7 to pH 6.5 (P < 0.01) after about 60 min, no change in @entity5 @entity26 tension was observed. However, when oral @entity413 and MIBG (15 mg/kg) were administered together, @entity26 tension increased from 2.8 mmHg to approximately 17 mmHg, and @entity5 pH(e) decreased from pH 6.7 to pH 6.3 (P < 0.01) after about 115 min. In conclusion, administration of @entity413 together with MIBG increases @entity5 @entity26 tension and also increases the magnitude and duration of acidification. @entity4854 plus MIBG has the potential to improve response to radiation therapy as well as to @entity221 and some chemotherapies.

title: Tumor oxygenation and acidification are increased in @entity320 xenografts after exposure to XXXX and @entity7990 .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['MIBG', 'meta-iodo-benzylguanidine']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']