abstract: BACKGROUND: Neural crest cells play an important role in craniofacial morphogenesis and many other developmental processes. The formation of neural crest cells (NCCs) in vivo is a highly dynamic process and remains to be fully understood. RESULTS: To investigate the spatiotemporal patterning of NCCs in vivo, we have generated Sox10ER(T2) CreER(T2) (SECE) @entity19 , a transgenic line driving inducible Cre expression in NCCs. Inducing Cre activity at different stages triggered reporter expression in distinct NCC populations in SECE; @entity26760 @entity19 . By optimizing the timing and dosage of @entity440 administration, we controlled Cre expression specifically in cranial NCCs. Using this approach, we demonstrate an important role for @entity20421 in cranial NCCs mitosis within the mandibular processes. Further reducing Cre activity within the cranial NCCs of SECE; @entity26760 embryos revealed that SECE labels preferentially progenitors of medial nasal process (MNP) rather than the lateral nasal process (LNP), before their formation from the frontonasal prominence (FNP). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that NCCs are formed sequentially from rostral to caudal regions along the neural tube. These findings also suggest that NCCs within the FNP become specified regionally and genetically before they divide into MNP and LNP. Developmental Dynamics, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Sox10ER(T2) CreER(T2) XXXX enable tracing of distinct neural crest cell populations.

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity26760 :: ('p|SUB|R|26|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R26R']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of the renal resistive index (Ri) after renal artery revascularization in the context of flash @entity3126 . METHODS: Between 2000 and 2008, 43 @entity1 (mean age 72.1  10.9 years; 23 @entity1 ) underwent renal artery angioplasty/stenting in the context of flash @entity3126 . Intrarenal Ri was assessed using duplex ultrasound. The majority (97.7%) of @entity1 had @entity101 , and nearly half (46.5%) had @entity6 . For this retrospective analysis, the @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the median Ri (<0.8 and >= 0.8) of the population. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictors of all-cause mortality (primary endpoint) and rehospitalization for @entity712 ; the results are presented as the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The mean follow-up was 49.8  30.6 months. RESULTS: There was no difference between the groups regarding clinical characteristics. A high Ri was associated with the risk of all-cause @entity204 (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.15 to 5.60, p=0.021). This relationship was still statistically significant after adjustment for age, gender, @entity6 , glomerular filtration rate, and treatment with a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor (HR 1.74, 95%CI 1.08 to 2.81, p=0.032). A high Ri was also associated with @entity65 in unadjusted and adjusted analyses. In contrast, a high Ri was not associated with the risk of rehospitalization for @entity712 . CONCLUSION: After renal artery revascularization for flash @entity3126 , a high intrarenal Ri is independently associated with all-cause mortality. Determination of the intrarenal Ri after this procedure may be useful for identifying at-risk @entity1 .

title: Prognostic Significance of the Renal Resistive Index After Renal Artery Revascularization in the Context of Flash XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity3126 :: (MESH:D011654,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Edema']


abstract: It has been suggested that adaptation to starvation may be impaired in @entity1 with @entity5 and that this may contribute to the development of @entity5 . We have investigated this by comparing the body composition, as well as the tissue composition of @entity353 , of a group of 49 @entity1 with @entity1820 and 91 @entity1 with @entity344 all of whom had sustained a @entity353 greater than 10% of their recalled pre-illness weight. Total body protein was calculated from total body @entity1568 measured by in vivo neutron activation analysis which also provided absolute values of @entity1372 , @entity3878 , @entity3151 , and @entity460 . The masses of muscle and nonmuscle protein were estimated using a validated compartmental analysis. Total body fat was derived using anthropometry. Total body water was estimated from the difference between body weight and the sum of body protein, fat, and minerals. The loss of body weight incurred by @entity1 with both benign and @entity5 was primarily muscle mass and body fat. Both groups of @entity1 retained nonmuscle protein. All @entity1 manifested, with increasing @entity353 , a progressive loss of muscle protein, fat, and water, which must represent the tissue composition of @entity353 . No significant differences between @entity1 with benign or @entity5 were demonstrated for any of the body composition parameters measured. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that adaptation to starvation in @entity1 with @entity5 is in anyway different from that which occurs in @entity1 with benign disease.

title: Body composition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer cachexia', 'malignant disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['benign gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Eight @entity1 who underwent surgery through a single-sided keyhole laminotomy due to intradural extramedullary (IDEM) @entity1653 were retrospectively investigated. PURPOSE: To present the surgical outcomes of single-sided keyhole laminotomies aimed to excise large ventral IDEM spinal cord menengiomas. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Less invasive procedures, such as laminotomies and osteoplastic laminotomies, have been previously described in the literature, but an approach that interferes with spinal stability to an even lesser extent would be more desirable. METHODS: Tumors were removed through a slit-like space between the dura and spinal cord without retraction of the spinal cord. The neurological conditions of @entity1 were evaluated pre- and postoperatively with the Nurick grading system. Pathologic subtypes, preoperative symptom duration, @entity5 location on the sagittal and axial planes, and the percentage of @entity5 occupying the intradural space were investigated. On follow-up, magnetic resonance imaging was conducted to evaluate whether the @entity5 had recurred. RESULTS: All @entity5 were localized either ventrally or ventrolaterally. Of the spinal menengiomas, four were cervical and four were @entity1514 . All lesions were completely excised, and the @entity16 improved in six @entity1 . The remaining two @entity1 already had preoperative Nurick grades of 0, and this score was maintained postoperatively. Neither kyphotic changes nor instability developed in any @entity1 during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Total resection of anterior and anterolateral IDEM menengiomas, without introducing new @entity51 , can be performed by an isolated posterior approach through a single-sided keyhole laminotomy. However, this approach should be applied cautiously and with a thorough understanding of its limitations.

title: Surgical Excition of XXXX through a Single-Sided Minimally Invasive Approach: Key-Hole Laminotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Spinal Intradural Meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is extremely sensitive in the detection of superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) nanoparticle-labeled cells. However, no study has compared molecular imaging for stem cell detection using SWI and other MRI pulse sequences. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the sensitivity of SWI in detecting SPIO nanoparticle-labeled, @entity1 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SPIO-hMSCs) compared with that of T2- and T2*-weighted imaging (T2WI and T2*WI, respectively) in a phantom and in vivo study in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A phantom was prepared with various cell concentrations. In one normal @entity35 , SPIO-hMSCs were implanted directly through burr holes into both caudate putamens, while in three @entity35 without and six @entity35 with @entity1188 , 2.5 * 10(5)/ml SPIO-hMSCs were infused into the @entity3538 (ICA). T2WI, T2*WI, and SWI findings were compared for dark regions representing SPIO-hMSCs. RESULTS: SWI and T2*WI detected 15   L of 13 SPIO-hMSCs/  L and 15   L of 27 SPIO-hMSCs/  L in the phantom, respectively and 3   L of 333 SPIO-hMSCs/  L and 3   L of 167 SPIO-hMSCs/  L in the normal @entity35 brain (direct implantation). In the normal @entity35 brain (ICA infusion), one of the three cases showed numerous foci of dark regions dispersed throughout the brain on T2*WI and SWI. Dark regions surrounded the @entity1188 in all six infracted @entity35 brains. The dark region was most prominent on SWI, followed by T2*WI and T2WI in all six @entity35 (P = 0.002). Implanted SPIO-hMSCs were confirmed using Prussian blue staining. CONCLUSIONS: SWI is the most sensitive in the detection of SPIO-hMSCs, with the dark regions representing SPIO-hMSCs being more prominent on SWI than on T2*WI and T2WI.

title: Sensitivity of susceptibility-weighted imaging in detecting superparamagnetic XXXX -labeled mesenchymal stem cells: a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['photothrombotic infarction', 'infarcts']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Nipple-areola reconstruction represents an important step for final mammary reconstruction. Many techniques have been described. The drawback is the progressive nipple projection loss with time from 50% to over 70% of the initial projection. In this report, we evaluated the effect of injectable @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) to improve projection of reconstructed nipples. RESULTS: We selected 12 @entity1 with a residual nipple projection between 0.1 and 2  mm. The @entity1 were injected locally inside the nipple with 0.5  ml of @entity15274 (dilution 1:4) every 4 weeks for 4 times. At the study end, @entity1 were satisfied with results. No adverse effects were observed. After one year, an increase of nipple projection ranging from 0.5 to 3.5  mm was obtained with an average increase of 2.3  mm (282%) and this variation was statistically significant (p  <  0.0001). CONCLUSION: The use of injectable @entity15274 is a simple and effective procedure to improve projection of reconstructed nipple.

title: The use of XXXX to improve projection of reconstructed nipple.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-lactic acid']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['poly-lactic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed the reliability of the reverse facial artery-submental artery deepithelialised submental island technique to reconstruct @entity3573 . METHODS: The study included 13 @entity1 (9 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ; 43-62 years) with @entity3573 resulting from @entity5 ablation. Ten @entity1 presented with @entity957 and the remaining 3 cases were @entity957 . The maxilla was resected and the remaining defects were classified as Class 2a. Reverse facial artery-submental artery deepithelialised submental island flaps measuring 8-10 cm in length and 4-5 cm in width were used to reconstruct the defects. RESULTS: Twelve of the 13 flaps survived. No donor-site problems or palsy of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve occurred. The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 24 months, 1 @entity1 died as a result of @entity5 recurrence and 2 @entity1 developed cervical recurrence. CONCLUSION: The reverse facial @entity432 is safe, quick and simple to use or elevate. The flap is a reliable technique for reconstructing @entity3573 following @entity5 ablation.

title: Reverse facial @entity432 to reconstruct @entity3573 following XXXX ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumour', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary gingival squamous cell carcinoma', 'hard palate squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery-submental artery deepithelialised submental island flap']

entities_list: @entity3573 :: ('MESH:D008439', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary defects']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed the reliability of the reverse facial artery-submental artery deepithelialised submental island technique to reconstruct @entity3573 . METHODS: The study included 13 @entity1 (9 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ; 43-62 years) with @entity3573 resulting from @entity5 ablation. Ten @entity1 presented with @entity957 and the remaining 3 cases were @entity957 . The maxilla was resected and the remaining defects were classified as Class 2a. Reverse facial artery-submental artery deepithelialised submental island flaps measuring 8-10 cm in length and 4-5 cm in width were used to reconstruct the defects. RESULTS: Twelve of the 13 flaps survived. No donor-site problems or palsy of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve occurred. The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 24 months, 1 @entity1 died as a result of @entity5 recurrence and 2 @entity1 developed cervical recurrence. CONCLUSION: The reverse facial @entity432 is safe, quick and simple to use or elevate. The flap is a reliable technique for reconstructing @entity3573 following @entity5 ablation.

title: Reverse facial XXXX to reconstruct @entity3573 following @entity5 ablation.

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery-submental artery deepithelialised submental island flap']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed the reliability of the reverse facial artery-submental artery deepithelialised submental island technique to reconstruct @entity3573 . METHODS: The study included 13 @entity1 (9 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ; 43-62 years) with @entity3573 resulting from @entity5 ablation. Ten @entity1 presented with @entity957 and the remaining 3 cases were @entity957 . The maxilla was resected and the remaining defects were classified as Class 2a. Reverse facial artery-submental artery deepithelialised submental island flaps measuring 8-10 cm in length and 4-5 cm in width were used to reconstruct the defects. RESULTS: Twelve of the 13 flaps survived. No donor-site problems or palsy of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve occurred. The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 24 months, 1 @entity1 died as a result of @entity5 recurrence and 2 @entity1 developed cervical recurrence. CONCLUSION: The reverse facial @entity432 is safe, quick and simple to use or elevate. The flap is a reliable technique for reconstructing @entity3573 following @entity5 ablation.

title: Reverse facial @entity432 to reconstruct XXXX following @entity5 ablation.

answer: @entity3573 :: (MESH:D008439,Disease) :: ['maxillary defects']


abstract: @entity161 is a severe @entity146 that is highly characterized by social @entity73 . Most studies investigating these impairments focus on one specific social domain such as emotion recognition. However, in daily life, processing complex social situations relies on the combination of several social cognitive and affective processes simultaneously rather than one process alone. A modified version of the economically based Ultimatum Game was used to measure the interplay between fairness, intentionality, and emotion considerations during social decision-making. In this task, @entity1 accept or reject fair and unfair monetary offers proposed intentionally or unintentionally by either angry, happy, neutral, or sad proposers. Behavioral data was collected from a group of @entity161 @entity1 (N = 35) and a group of healthy individuals (N = 30). Like healthy @entity1 , @entity161 @entity1 differentiated between fair and unfair offers by rejecting unfair offers more compared to fair offers. However, overall @entity1 did reject more fair offers, indicating that their construct of fairness operates within different margins. In both groups, intentional unfair offers were rejected more compared to unintentional ones, indicating a normal integration of intentionality considerations in @entity161 . Importantly, healthy subjects also differentiated between proposers' emotion when rejecting unfair offers (more rejections from proposers depicting angry faces compared to proposers depicting, happy, neutral, or sad faces). @entity161 @entity1 ' decision behavior on the other hand, was not affected by the proposers' emotions. The current study thus shows that @entity161 @entity1 have specific problems with processing and integrating emotional information. Importantly, the finding that @entity1 display normal fairness and intentionality considerations emphasizes preservation of central social cognitive processes in @entity161 .

title: Abnormal emotion processing, but intact fairness and intentionality considerations during social decision-making in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The aim of this study was to identify the rate and predictors of remission after @entity161 ( @entity161 ). Ninety-three @entity161 @entity1 were followed for at least 12 months and up to 12 years (mean=58.4 months) including monthly assessments with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded (BPRS), the @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ), and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ( @entity12269 ). We also administered the Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS). We used the remission criteria recently defined by Andreasen et al. (2005). Fifty-six (59.5%) @entity1 met the remission criteria in the first 24 months of the follow-up period, but 40 (71.5%) of these @entity1 could not maintain their status. However, 23 (57%) of these @entity1 later met the remission criteria again. The remission group @entity1 achieved a higher rate of employment both in the first year and overall. In the logistic regression analysis, lower negative and higher positive symptoms at admission, lower positive symptoms at month 3 of the follow-up, medication compliance in the first 6 months, and occupational status during the last month before admission were found related to remission status. Our findings suggest that the remission group has advantages in terms of occupational status and symptom severity compared with their counterparts who did not achieve or maintain a state of remission.

title: Remission after first-episode XXXX : results of a long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms', 'SAPS']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['FES', 'first episode of schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The study was designed to compare the effects of @entity1340 administered as an adjunct to @entity1341 in supraclavicular block to that of systemic administration, on postoperative @entity1337 and rescue analgesic requirement following upper limb surgeries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind study was undertaken in @entity1 scheduled for upper limb surgeries under supraclavicular block. All the three group @entity1 received either of the following drugs mixtures: Group A - @entity1341 0.5%-18 ml + normal saline-7 ml for block and normal saline-10 ml intravenously. Group B - @entity1341 0.5%-18 ml + normal saline-7 ml mixture for block and @entity1340 (100 mg) diluted to 10 ml - intravenously. Group C - @entity1341 0.5%-18 ml + @entity1340 (100 mg) + normal saline-5 ml mixture and normal saline 10 ml intravenously. The @entity1 were observed for sensory, motor onset along with the duration of @entity3481 . @entity1 were monitored for sedation and hemodynamic parameters during intra-operative and postoperative period. @entity158 -free period and demand for rescue @entity1337 was noted in all the @entity1 . RESULTS: The study demonstrates that the mixture of @entity1340 and @entity1341 injected perineurally for supraclavicular brachial plexus block hastens the onset of sensory block, motor block and provides a longer duration of motor blockade and demand for rescue @entity1337 as compared to other two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the addition of @entity1340 to @entity1341 mixtures as an adjunct for supraclavicular brachial plexus block provide better postoperative @entity1337 for orthopedic upper extremity surgery in comparison to control or systemic @entity1340 group without any side effects.

title: Comparative study of systemically and perineurally administered XXXX as an adjunct for supraclavicular brachial plexus block.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and motor block']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

answer: @entity1340 :: (MESH:D014147,Chemical) :: ['tramadol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Herbo-mineral formulations are being successfully used in therapeutics since centuries. But recently, they came under the scanner for their metallic contents especially the presence of heavy metals. Hence it is the need of the hour to assess and establish the safety of these formulations through @entity137 studies. In line with the various @entity137 studies that are being carried out, Government of India expressed the need for conducting genotoxicity studies of different metal- or mineral-based drugs. Till date very few Ayurvedic herbo-mineral formulations have been studied for their genotoxic potential. The present study is aimed to evaluate the genotoxic potential of Hridayarnava @entity28062 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was prepared as per classical guidelines and administered to Swiss albino @entity19 for 14 consecutive days. Chromosomal aberration and sperm abnormality assay were done to evaluate the genotoxic potential of the test drugs. @entity786 (CP) was taken as positive group and results were compared. RESULTS: All treated groups exhibited significant body @entity1017 in comparison to CP group. Results revealed no structural @entity85 in comparison to the CP-treated group. CONCLUSION: Reported data showed that both tested samples of Hridayarnava @entity28062 does not possess genotoxic potential under the experimental conditions and can be safely used.

title: Assessment of genotoxic potential of hridayarnava XXXX (a herbo-mineralo-metallic ayurvedic formulation) using chromosomal aberration and sperm abnormality assays.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity in the above parameters']

answer: @entity28062 :: (218397(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['rasa']


abstract: Protocadherins (Pcdhs) are thought to be key features of cell-type-specific synapse formation. Here we analyzed the expression pattern of Pcdh subunit b16 (b16) in the primate retina by applying antibodies against b16, different subunits of ionotropic @entity2227 receptors (GluRs), and cell-type-specific markers as well as by coimmunoprecipitation and Western blots. Immunocytochemical localization was analyzed by confocal microscopy and preembedding electron microscopy. In the outer plexiform layer (OPL) H1, but not H2, horizontal cells expressed b16 as revealed by the strong reduction of b16 at short-wavelength-sensitive cones. b16 colocalized with the GluR subunits @entity7336 -4 at horizontal cell dendritic tips and with @entity7336 -4 and @entity2373 /7 at the desmosome-like junctions. At the latter, these @entity140 and @entity4176 receptor subunits were found to be clustered within single synaptic hot spots. Additionally, b16-labeled dendritic tips of OFF cone bipolar cells appeared in triad-associated positions at the cone pedicle base, pointing to b16 expression by OFF midget or DB3 bipolar cells. In the inner plexiform layer, b16 was localized also postsynaptically at most of the glutamatergic synapses. Overall, we provide evidence for a cell-type-specific localization of b16 together with GluRs at defined postsynaptic sites and a coexistence of @entity140 and @entity4176 receptors within single synaptic hot spots. This study supports the hypothesis that b16 plays an important role in the formation and/or stabilization of specific glutamatergic synapses, whereas our in vivo protein biochemical results argue against the existence of protein complexes formed by b16 and GluRs.

title: Cell-type-specific localization of protocadherin b16 at @entity140 and @entity140 / XXXX receptor-containing synapses in the primate retina.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity4176 :: (MESH:D007608,Chemical) :: ['Kainate']


abstract: Protocadherins (Pcdhs) are thought to be key features of cell-type-specific synapse formation. Here we analyzed the expression pattern of Pcdh subunit b16 (b16) in the primate retina by applying antibodies against b16, different subunits of ionotropic @entity2227 receptors (GluRs), and cell-type-specific markers as well as by coimmunoprecipitation and Western blots. Immunocytochemical localization was analyzed by confocal microscopy and preembedding electron microscopy. In the outer plexiform layer (OPL) H1, but not H2, horizontal cells expressed b16 as revealed by the strong reduction of b16 at short-wavelength-sensitive cones. b16 colocalized with the GluR subunits @entity7336 -4 at horizontal cell dendritic tips and with @entity7336 -4 and @entity2373 /7 at the desmosome-like junctions. At the latter, these @entity140 and @entity4176 receptor subunits were found to be clustered within single synaptic hot spots. Additionally, b16-labeled dendritic tips of OFF cone bipolar cells appeared in triad-associated positions at the cone pedicle base, pointing to b16 expression by OFF midget or DB3 bipolar cells. In the inner plexiform layer, b16 was localized also postsynaptically at most of the glutamatergic synapses. Overall, we provide evidence for a cell-type-specific localization of b16 together with GluRs at defined postsynaptic sites and a coexistence of @entity140 and @entity4176 receptors within single synaptic hot spots. This study supports the hypothesis that b16 plays an important role in the formation and/or stabilization of specific glutamatergic synapses, whereas our in vivo protein biochemical results argue against the existence of protein complexes formed by b16 and GluRs.

title: Cell-type-specific localization of protocadherin b16 at XXXX and @entity140 / @entity4176 receptor-containing synapses in the primate retina.

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: Protocadherins (Pcdhs) are thought to be key features of cell-type-specific synapse formation. Here we analyzed the expression pattern of Pcdh subunit b16 (b16) in the primate retina by applying antibodies against b16, different subunits of ionotropic @entity2227 receptors (GluRs), and cell-type-specific markers as well as by coimmunoprecipitation and Western blots. Immunocytochemical localization was analyzed by confocal microscopy and preembedding electron microscopy. In the outer plexiform layer (OPL) H1, but not H2, horizontal cells expressed b16 as revealed by the strong reduction of b16 at short-wavelength-sensitive cones. b16 colocalized with the GluR subunits @entity7336 -4 at horizontal cell dendritic tips and with @entity7336 -4 and @entity2373 /7 at the desmosome-like junctions. At the latter, these @entity140 and @entity4176 receptor subunits were found to be clustered within single synaptic hot spots. Additionally, b16-labeled dendritic tips of OFF cone bipolar cells appeared in triad-associated positions at the cone pedicle base, pointing to b16 expression by OFF midget or DB3 bipolar cells. In the inner plexiform layer, b16 was localized also postsynaptically at most of the glutamatergic synapses. Overall, we provide evidence for a cell-type-specific localization of b16 together with GluRs at defined postsynaptic sites and a coexistence of @entity140 and @entity4176 receptors within single synaptic hot spots. This study supports the hypothesis that b16 plays an important role in the formation and/or stabilization of specific glutamatergic synapses, whereas our in vivo protein biochemical results argue against the existence of protein complexes formed by b16 and GluRs.

title: Cell-type-specific localization of protocadherin b16 at @entity140 and XXXX / @entity4176 receptor-containing synapses in the primate retina.

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: Background. @entity2941 , a rare @entity384 of biliary tree, is uncommon in adults. Their presentations differ from @entity1 and surgical management has evolved. Methods. A retrospective review of the records of all the @entity1 above 15 years, who underwent therapeutic intervention in our hospital, was carried out. Results. Ten cases of @entity2941 were found; 8 female, with mean age 31 years. These included 8 cases of Todani type I and one case each of @entity196 . The predominant symptoms were @entity490 and @entity1087 . Abdominal mass and past history of @entity255 and @entity788 were seen in 2 @entity1 . Investigations included ultrasound in 8 @entity1 , CT in 7, ERCP in 3, and MRCP in 5. Surgical intervention included complete excision of the cyst with hepaticojejunostomy and cholecystectomy (type I), excision of the diverticulum (type II), and ERCP sphincterotomy (type III). Malignancy was not seen in any @entity1 . The long-term postoperative complications included @entity255 in two @entity1 . Conclusion. @entity2941 is rare in adults. The typical triad of @entity490 , @entity1087 , and mass is uncommon in adults. The surgical strategy aims for single stage complete excision of the cyst with hepaticojejunostomy.

title: XXXX in Adults: Etiopathogenesis, Presentation, Management, and Outcome-Case Series and Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['Choledochal cyst', 'choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['type II and type III']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity2941 :: (MESH:D015529,Disease) :: ['Choledochal Cyst']


abstract: Background. To evaluate @entity2690 resistance of normal weight central obese 13-18-year-old male and female adolescents stratified by waist to height ratio (WHR). Methods. Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (K-NHANES) conducted during 2008-2010. @entity1144 was defined as that in the upper quartile of age and sex specific WHR. Subjects were classified into no @entity1144 normal weight (NW), @entity1144 normal weight (CONW), no @entity1144 overweight (OW), and @entity1144 overweight (COOW). Results. The prevalence of CONW was 9.6% (83/832) in female and 7.0% (61/909) in male. CONW showed higher levels of @entity2690 (P < 0.006), HOMA-IR (P < 0.006), and ALT (P < 0.001) than NW in female. CONW had higher levels of @entity2690 (P < 0.0001), HOMA-IR (P < 0.0001), and WBC count (P < 0.021) and lower level of HDL (P < 0.0001) than NW in male. WHR and BMI had similar significant correlations with @entity15 components. CONW showed 2.5 times (95% confidence interval, 1.21-5.00) more likelihood to have high @entity2690 resistance than NW in male. Conclusions. Screening for @entity1144 using WHR in clinical setting is recommended.

title: XXXX Resistance of Normal Weight Central Obese Adolescents in Korea Stratified by Waist to Height Ratio: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2008-2010.

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Central obesity', 'central obesity']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence, risk factors and outcome of invasive @entity364 (IFI) in the recipients with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation(HSCT). METHODS: 79 cases received HSCT in our hospital from January 2005 to November 2014 with complete data were analyzed retrospectively according to the diagnostic criteria of IFI. the clinical features, risk factors and outcome of IFI were investigated and analysed. RESULTS: 17 cases of IFI were diagnosed, among them 13 cases were defined in clinic and 4 cases were possible. The median time of IFI occurence was 112 days(9-1931 d). The recurrence-free survival rate in @entity281 and @entity281 groups were 61.2% and 35.2% respectively. By single-factor analysis, the matching, II and IV degree of aGVHD were the risk factors of IFI, and the sex, protopathy, glucocorticoid used before @entity281 were the risk factors of the death outcome. Multivariate analysis may indicated that the matching, II-IV degree of aGVHD and glucocorticoid used before @entity281 were associated with IFI and outcome. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 received HSCT and having many risk factors are more likely predisposed to IFI. A greater dose of glucocorticoid used before @entity281 is more likely to results in death, morever avoiding the risk factors may reduce the incidence of IFI, and the retrospecion of immunosupperssor dose used within 30 days before @entity281 may improve prognosis.

title: [Risk factors and outcome of invasive XXXX in 79 @entity1 received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'non-infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence, risk factors and outcome of invasive @entity364 (IFI) in the recipients with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation(HSCT). METHODS: 79 cases received HSCT in our hospital from January 2005 to November 2014 with complete data were analyzed retrospectively according to the diagnostic criteria of IFI. the clinical features, risk factors and outcome of IFI were investigated and analysed. RESULTS: 17 cases of IFI were diagnosed, among them 13 cases were defined in clinic and 4 cases were possible. The median time of IFI occurence was 112 days(9-1931 d). The recurrence-free survival rate in @entity281 and @entity281 groups were 61.2% and 35.2% respectively. By single-factor analysis, the matching, II and IV degree of aGVHD were the risk factors of IFI, and the sex, protopathy, glucocorticoid used before @entity281 were the risk factors of the death outcome. Multivariate analysis may indicated that the matching, II-IV degree of aGVHD and glucocorticoid used before @entity281 were associated with IFI and outcome. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 received HSCT and having many risk factors are more likely predisposed to IFI. A greater dose of glucocorticoid used before @entity281 is more likely to results in death, morever avoiding the risk factors may reduce the incidence of IFI, and the retrospecion of immunosupperssor dose used within 30 days before @entity281 may improve prognosis.

title: [Risk factors and outcome of invasive @entity364 in 79 XXXX received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess trifecta outcomes for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for clinical @entity13712 renal masses. METHODS: A total of 63 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for clinical @entity13712 renal masses by a single surgeon between January 2007 and December 2012 were evaluated. Demographic and perioperative data were collected and statistically analyzed. We retrospectively evaluated trifecta outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze predictors of trifecta outcomes. Trifecta outcomes were defined as the combination of total @entity63 time <25  min, negative surgical margins and no surgical complications. RESULTS: Of the 63 @entity1 , 39 (62%) achieved trifecta. A total of 21 @entity1 had total @entity63 time >= 25  min, four @entity1 had positive surgical margins and two @entity1 had surgical complications. @entity5 size (P  <  0.001), distance from the urine collecting system or sinus (P  <  0.001) and surgeon's learning curve (P  <  0.01) were significantly different between the trifecta and no-trifecta group. Multivariate analysis showed @entity5 size and surgeon's learning curve to be independent predictors of trifecta outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 size and surgeon's learning curve seems to be strong predictors of trifecta outcomes after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in @entity13712 renal masses.

title: Predictors of trifecta outcomes in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for clinical XXXX renal masses.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity13712 :: (10630,Gene) :: ['T1a']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Inflammatory responses and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction play important roles in @entity1545 after @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). The metalloprotease @entity24920 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I motif, member 13) was shown to limit inflammatory responses through its proteolytic effects on @entity2880 factor. In the present study, we addressed the role of @entity24920 after experimental @entity1779 . METHODS: @entity1779 was induced in @entity19 by intracerebral infusion of autologous blood. The peri-hematomal inflammatory responses, levels of @entity72120 , pericyte coverage on brain capillaries, and BBB permeability were quantified at 24 hours. Functional outcomes, @entity2657 , and @entity548 volume were quantified at day 3. RESULTS: Treatment with recombinant @entity24920 ( @entity12798 ) reduced the levels of chemokines and cytokines, @entity10873 activity, and microglia activation and neutrophil recruitment after @entity1779 . @entity12798 also decreased @entity777 expression in brain endothelial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide, whereas recombinant @entity2880 factor reversed this effect. The anti-inflammatory effect of @entity12798 was accompanied by reduced expression of @entity8024 and less activation of matrix metalloproteinase, enhanced pericyte coverage of brain microvessels, and attenuated BBB disruption. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion protected against BBB damage, and @entity12798 treatment had no further beneficial effect. Finally, treatment of @entity19 with @entity12798 reduced @entity2657 and @entity548 volume and improved neurological functions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal the importance of @entity12798 in regulating pathological inflammation and BBB function and suggest that @entity12798 may provide a new therapeutic strategy for @entity1779 .

title: Recombinant @entity24920 Attenuates @entity1545 After XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity72120 :: ('17395;15894', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-9 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity8024 :: ('15894(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Intracerebral Hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Inflammatory responses and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction play important roles in @entity1545 after @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). The metalloprotease @entity24920 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I motif, member 13) was shown to limit inflammatory responses through its proteolytic effects on @entity2880 factor. In the present study, we addressed the role of @entity24920 after experimental @entity1779 . METHODS: @entity1779 was induced in @entity19 by intracerebral infusion of autologous blood. The peri-hematomal inflammatory responses, levels of @entity72120 , pericyte coverage on brain capillaries, and BBB permeability were quantified at 24 hours. Functional outcomes, @entity2657 , and @entity548 volume were quantified at day 3. RESULTS: Treatment with recombinant @entity24920 ( @entity12798 ) reduced the levels of chemokines and cytokines, @entity10873 activity, and microglia activation and neutrophil recruitment after @entity1779 . @entity12798 also decreased @entity777 expression in brain endothelial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide, whereas recombinant @entity2880 factor reversed this effect. The anti-inflammatory effect of @entity12798 was accompanied by reduced expression of @entity8024 and less activation of matrix metalloproteinase, enhanced pericyte coverage of brain microvessels, and attenuated BBB disruption. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion protected against BBB damage, and @entity12798 treatment had no further beneficial effect. Finally, treatment of @entity19 with @entity12798 reduced @entity2657 and @entity548 volume and improved neurological functions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal the importance of @entity12798 in regulating pathological inflammation and BBB function and suggest that @entity12798 may provide a new therapeutic strategy for @entity1779 .

title: Recombinant @entity24920 Attenuates XXXX After @entity1779 .

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['Brain Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Inflammatory responses and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction play important roles in @entity1545 after @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). The metalloprotease @entity24920 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I motif, member 13) was shown to limit inflammatory responses through its proteolytic effects on @entity2880 factor. In the present study, we addressed the role of @entity24920 after experimental @entity1779 . METHODS: @entity1779 was induced in @entity19 by intracerebral infusion of autologous blood. The peri-hematomal inflammatory responses, levels of @entity72120 , pericyte coverage on brain capillaries, and BBB permeability were quantified at 24 hours. Functional outcomes, @entity2657 , and @entity548 volume were quantified at day 3. RESULTS: Treatment with recombinant @entity24920 ( @entity12798 ) reduced the levels of chemokines and cytokines, @entity10873 activity, and microglia activation and neutrophil recruitment after @entity1779 . @entity12798 also decreased @entity777 expression in brain endothelial cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide, whereas recombinant @entity2880 factor reversed this effect. The anti-inflammatory effect of @entity12798 was accompanied by reduced expression of @entity8024 and less activation of matrix metalloproteinase, enhanced pericyte coverage of brain microvessels, and attenuated BBB disruption. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion protected against BBB damage, and @entity12798 treatment had no further beneficial effect. Finally, treatment of @entity19 with @entity12798 reduced @entity2657 and @entity548 volume and improved neurological functions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal the importance of @entity12798 in regulating pathological inflammation and BBB function and suggest that @entity12798 may provide a new therapeutic strategy for @entity1779 .

title: Recombinant XXXX Attenuates @entity1545 After @entity1779 .

answer: @entity24920 :: (279028(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['ADAMTS 13']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the association between lifestyle and biological risk markers measured at one occasion, morbidity and mortality from @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity5 , and morbidity from @entity6 approximately 26   years later. DESIGN: A follow-up study of a cohort of @entity1 , 33-42   years old at baseline. SETTING: Primary healthcare centre in Sweden. @entity1 : All 757 @entity1 , living in the community of Habo in Sweden in 1985, and all 652 of these participating in a health examination in 1985-1987. INTERVENTIONS: Health profile and a health dialogue with a nurse. A doctor invited the high-risk group to further dialogue and examination. Intervention programmes were carried out in the primary healthcare centre and in cooperation with local associations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity65 and @entity5 diagnoses from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. Data from pharmacy registers of sold drugs concerning @entity6 . RESULTS: The @entity1 were divided in three groups based on summarised risk points from lifestyle (smoking, physical activity, @entity285 consumption) and biological risk markers (body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, serum @entity165 ) selected from the health profile. Comparisons were done between these groups. The group with the lowest summarised total risk points had a significantly lower risk for @entity65 and @entity5 compared with the group with the highest summarised risk points. The group with the lowest risk points concerning lifestyle had a significantly lower risk for @entity65 , and the group with lowest risk points for biological risk markers had a significantly lower risk for both @entity65 and @entity5 compared with the groups with the highest risk points. Smoking and serum @entity165 were the most important risk factors. In association to @entity6 , BMI and smoking were the most important risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors measured on one occasion seemed to be able to predict @entity65 , @entity5 and @entity6 26   years later.

title: The possibility of lifestyle and biological risk markers to predict morbidity and mortality in a cohort of young XXXX after 26   years follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We examined correlates of low engagement in the healthcare system, experiences with survivorship care, barriers to follow-up care, and potential resources for promoting follow-up care among young adult survivors of childhood @entity5 . We conducted a mixed-method study involving surveys of 106 survivors of childhood @entity5 aged 18-34 recruited from a university-affiliated @entity1 's hospital and an NCI-designated @entity5 center in the Southeastern USA. Phone-based semistructured interviews were then conducted in a subset of 26. Assessments included health factors, psychosocial factors, healthcare system interaction, and interest in resources to promote engagement in healthcare. Survey @entity1 were on average 22.14   (SD   =   3.16) years old, 50.0  % female, and 77.4  % White. Overall, 46.0  % had attended survivorship clinic, 47.2  % reported receiving a treatment summary, 68.9  % had a primary care provider, and 17.0  % reported no interaction with healthcare in the past 2  years. Correlates of less than annual healthcare provider visits included being older (p   =   0.003), being male (p   <   0.001), lack of insurance (p   =   0.002), and having had chemotherapy (p   =   0.05). @entity1 reported varied experiences in terms of how health and treatment information was presented, from none or too little to overwhelming or @entity148 -provoking amounts. Barriers to engaging in survivorship care included no/limited insurance, time, or transportation; major life changes; @entity148 ; and difficulty transitioning from pediatrics to adult care. @entity1 highlighted the need for educational and psychosocial resources, particularly technology-based resources. Multilevel interventions are needed to increase engagement in survivorship care among young adult @entity5 survivors. Technology-based resources addressing social support and mental well-being are intervention possibilities.

title: Young Adult @entity5 Survivors' Experience with XXXX Treatment and Follow-Up Care and Perceptions of Barriers to Engaging in Recommended Care.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We examined correlates of low engagement in the healthcare system, experiences with survivorship care, barriers to follow-up care, and potential resources for promoting follow-up care among young adult survivors of childhood @entity5 . We conducted a mixed-method study involving surveys of 106 survivors of childhood @entity5 aged 18-34 recruited from a university-affiliated @entity1 's hospital and an NCI-designated @entity5 center in the Southeastern USA. Phone-based semistructured interviews were then conducted in a subset of 26. Assessments included health factors, psychosocial factors, healthcare system interaction, and interest in resources to promote engagement in healthcare. Survey @entity1 were on average 22.14   (SD   =   3.16) years old, 50.0  % female, and 77.4  % White. Overall, 46.0  % had attended survivorship clinic, 47.2  % reported receiving a treatment summary, 68.9  % had a primary care provider, and 17.0  % reported no interaction with healthcare in the past 2  years. Correlates of less than annual healthcare provider visits included being older (p   =   0.003), being male (p   <   0.001), lack of insurance (p   =   0.002), and having had chemotherapy (p   =   0.05). @entity1 reported varied experiences in terms of how health and treatment information was presented, from none or too little to overwhelming or @entity148 -provoking amounts. Barriers to engaging in survivorship care included no/limited insurance, time, or transportation; major life changes; @entity148 ; and difficulty transitioning from pediatrics to adult care. @entity1 highlighted the need for educational and psychosocial resources, particularly technology-based resources. Multilevel interventions are needed to increase engagement in survivorship care among young adult @entity5 survivors. Technology-based resources addressing social support and mental well-being are intervention possibilities.

title: Young Adult XXXX Survivors' Experience with @entity5 Treatment and Follow-Up Care and Perceptions of Barriers to Engaging in Recommended Care.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between hormonal contraception and cervical @entity5 is controversial. These controversies may hamper the uptake of hormonal contraceptives. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between hormonal contraceptives and cervical @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a case-control study in which Pap-smear results of 156 @entity1 on hormonal contraceptives were compared with those of 156 @entity1 on no form of modern contraception. Modern contraception is defined as the use of such contraceptives as condoms, pills, injectables, intrauterine devices, implants, and female or male sterilization. Those found to have abnormal cervical smear cytology results were subjected further to colposcopy. Biopsy specimens for histology were collected from the @entity1 with @entity75 or those with suspicious lesions on colposcopy. The results were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics at a 95% level of confidence. RESULTS: A total of 71 (45.5%), 60 (38.5%), and 25 (16.0%) of the @entity1 on hormonal contraceptives were using @entity7280 , injectable contraceptives, and implants, respectively. Cervical @entity5 was significantly more common among @entity1 who were >= 35 years old (6% versus 1%, P<0.0001), rural dwellers (6% versus 3.5%, P<0.0001), unmarried (7.6% versus 3.5%, P<0.0001), unemployed (6.8% versus 3.5%, P<0.0001), less educated (6% versus 3.8%, P<0.0001), and had high parity (6.8% versus 3.6%, P<0.0001). There was no statistical significant difference in cervical @entity5 between the two groups of @entity1 (7 [4.5%] versus 6 [3.8%], P=1.0). CONCLUSION: There was no association between hormonal contraceptives and cervical @entity5 in this study.

title: Is there any association between hormonal contraceptives and cervical XXXX in a poor Nigerian setting?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity7280 :: ('MESH:D003276', 'Chemical') :: ['oral contraceptives']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['obvious cervical lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the relative importance that oncologists attribute to the benefits and harms of anti- @entity5 drugs when considering treatment options with their @entity1 . AIM: To quantify the trade-offs made between overall survival, progression free survival and adverse effects. METHODS: A web-based survey elicited importance weights for the benefits and harms of bevacizumab or @entity2239 . Combining the importance weights with trial-based probabilities produced a score and ranking for each treatment option. RESULTS: A total of 40 responses were received for the bevacizumab scenario and 32 for the @entity2239 scenario. All respondents regarded overall survival and progression free survival as the most important attributes - more important than avoiding the potential harms regardless of drugs. Amongst the potential harms, respondents allocated the highest mean importance weight to @entity937 and rated absolute improvement in overall survival as 1.6 times and 2.3 times as important as avoiding @entity937 in the two versions of the bevacizumab scenario respectively. For the @entity2239 scenario, @entity3136 and @entity55 were allocated the highest mean importance weights with absolute improvement in overall survival rated as 2.2 times as important as avoiding @entity3136 / @entity55 . All 40 respondents (100%) favoured treatment option with bevacizumab to no bevacizumab based on respondent's determined weights for treatment attributes. The converse was found for @entity2239 with 22 (69%) of respondents preferring the 'no @entity2239 ' option. CONCLUSION: Oncologists preferences over the benefits and harms of treatment do, when combined with evidence of effect, influence treatment decisions for anti- @entity5 drugs.

title: Weighing up the benefits and harms of a new anti- XXXX drug - a survey of Australian oncologists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['GI perforation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic disease characterized by the development of scaly red @entity272 and possible co-morbid conditions. The @entity1569 lesional skin transcriptome has been extensively investigated, but mRNA levels do not necessarily reflect protein abundance. The purpose of this study was therefore to compare differential expression patterns of mRNA and protein in @entity75 . METHODS: Lesional (PP) and uninvolved ( @entity6841 ) skin samples from 14 @entity1 were analyzed using high-throughput complementary DNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). RESULTS: We identified 4122 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) along with 748 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Global shifts in mRNA were modestly correlated with changes in protein abundance (r   =   0.40). We identified similar numbers of increased and decreased DEGs, but 4-fold more increased than decreased DEPs. Ribosomal subunit and translation proteins were elevated within lesions, without a corresponding shift in mRNA expression ( @entity64403 , @entity16804 , @entity32579 ). We identified 209 differentially expressed genes/proteins (DEGPs) with corresponding trends at the transcriptome and proteome levels. Most DEGPs were similarly altered in at least one other @entity272 . Psoriasis-specific and non-specific DEGPs had distinct cytokine-response patterns, with only the former showing disproportionate induction by @entity4155 in cultured keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal global imbalance between the number of increased and decreased proteins in @entity75 , consistent with heightened translation. This effect could not have been discerned from mRNA profiling data alone. High-confidence DEGPs were identified through transcriptome-proteome integration. By distinguishing between @entity1569 -specific and non-specific DEGPs, our analysis uncovered new functional insights that would otherwise have been overlooked.

title: Proteogenomic analysis of XXXX reveals discordant and concordant changes in mRNA and protein abundance.

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis lesions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease', 'skin lesions']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) has increased from a few cases in a country at the beginning of the 20th century to an incidence of recording a case every 7 seconds in the world. From a rare disease it has reached the top 8 of major health problems in the world. One of the epidemiological problems of @entity195 is the fact that authors from different countries use different reporting units. Some report numbers to 100,000 inhabitants, others to 1,000 inhabitants and others report the total number of cases in a country. Standardization of these reports is strictly necessary. The rise in incidence and prevalence with age is known, but interesting to see is that the incidence and prevalence do not rise in a parallel manner with age as simple logic would assume. Between the ages of 60 and 90, the incidence in @entity1 increases two times and in @entity1 41 times, prevalence increase in @entity1 is 55.25-fold and in @entity1 77-fold. Regarding the @entity1 / @entity1 ratio, the incidence is 20.5-fold increased, and prevalence is merely 1.3936-fold increased. These numbers raise concerns about the evolution of the disease. Regarding @entity73 ( @entity73 )/ @entity195 ratio, only about 1 in 2 @entity1 get @entity195 (raising?) issues about the pathogenic disease relatedness.

title: The Epidemiological Scale of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: @entity3270 ( @entity3270 ) are rare and highly heterogeneous which present a wide spectrum of pathological and clinical manifestations. Fourteen @entity1 with histologically demonstrated LNEC were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The 14 cases were classified into 3 subtypes: typical @entity4303 in 5, and @entity4153 in 7. The mean survival time of the 14 @entity1 in this study was 112.5 months (95% CI, 81.5-143.6). Surgeries were performed for 2 @entity1 of @entity4303 , and they were alive with no evidence of recurrence after 24 and 47 months of follow-ups. @entity1 in the atypical @entity4303 group were treated with surgeries and postoperative radiotherapy. After 58.4 months of follow-ups (range: 9-144), 2 @entity1 showed no evidence of disease and 1 was lost to follow-up after 72 months. The other 2 @entity1 died of other @entity66 . In the @entity4153 group, a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy was applied. The mean survival time was 79.7 months (95% CI, 37.9-121.4), and the 5-year survival rate was 53.6%. In conclusion, the clinical behaviors, treatment protocols, and prognosis are different for each subtype of @entity3270 .

title: XXXX : A Retrospective Study of 14 Cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['unrelated diseases']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid in 2, atypical carcinoid', 'typical carcinoid', 'carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['Laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas', 'LNECs']

answer: @entity3270 :: (MESH:D018278,Disease) :: ['Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 on long-term maintenance hemodialysis (HD) are at high risk of developing @entity65 and suffering various @entity65 during HD. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of changing loading conditions on the myocardial performance index (MPI) in @entity1 on long-term HD and to specify an optimal level of @entity393 during HD that would maintain stable global cardiac function. METHODS: The study consisted of 52 @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ), mean age 56  11.7 y, range: 25-80 y, on regular HD. For each @entity1 a complete echocardiographic-Doppler examination was performed before and after HD. Systolic and diastolic parameters of left ventricular function were measured, and the myocardial performance index (MPI) was calculated. RESULTS: The MPI was significantly prolonged after HD (0.47  0.15 before HD versus 0.59  0.16 after HD, p < 0.001). Mean change in body weight during HD was 2.1  0.86 kg. The MPI did not change significantly in @entity1 with intradialytic weight loss up to 1.75 kg. CONCLUSIONS: The MPI value seems to be independent of acute preload changes only when @entity393 is less than 1.75 kg. A 1.75-kg @entity393 during HD seems to be the optimal goal. In @entity454 @entity1 on HD, the MPI seems to be a good indicator of global left ventricular function and potentially a valuable aid in the effort to maintain optimal fluid balance.

title: Myocardial performance index suggests optimal XXXX during hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['fluid loss']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRF', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['fluid loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Medical rehabilitation aims at an improvement in function, capacity and participation. For the rehabilitation of @entity85 , the goal is to maintain function and prevent secondary symptoms in the short- and long-term. In @entity1 with @entity1635 , predictable signs and symptoms include @entity158 and @entity358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Pub Med review was completed in order to reveal substantial evidence for inpatient rehabilitation as performed in Germany. No evidence has been found in general to support claims for actual inpatient rehabilitation programmes as used today. Nevertheless, as there is some evidence that inpatient rehabilitation may be beneficial to @entity1 with @entity85 complicated by certain additional conditions, the body of evidence there is for conservative treatment of @entity85 has been reviewed in order to allow suggestions for outpatient conservative treatment and inpatient rehabilitation. DISCUSSION: Today, for both @entity1 and adolescents, we are able to offer intensive rehabilitation programmes lasting three to five days, which enable the @entity1 to acquire the skills necessary to prevent postures fostering @entity1635 in everyday life without missing too much of school teaching subjects at home. The secondary functional impairments adult @entity1635 @entity1 might have, as in the opinion of the author, still today require the time of 3-4 weeks in the clinical in- @entity1 setting. Time to address psychosocial as well as somatic limitations, namely chronic @entity158 and cardiorespiratory malfunction is needed to preserve the @entity1 working capability in the long-term. CONCLUSION: Outpatient treatment/rehabilitation is sufficient for adolescents with @entity85 .Inpatient rehabilitation is recommended for @entity1 with @entity85 and @entity158 or severe @entity74 .

title: XXXX rehabilitation - state of the art review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['reduced pulmonary function']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive ventilation disorder']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Spinal deformities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and treadmill walk tests (TMW) are commonly used to assess post- @entity64 @entity1 (PSP) aerobic capacity. However, these tests are not without their limitations (e.g. limited sensitivity to change and the use of external pacing). Therefore, there is a need for additional tools to assess PSP aerobic capacity. OBJECTIVE: To establish the feasibility, convergent validity, and metabolic, cardiac, and respiratory responses of a stair climbing test (SC), among chronic PSP. METHODS: Nineteen chronic PSP conducted SC, TMW, and 6MWT. Metabolic ( @entity26 consumption - @entity4962 ), cardiac (heart rate), and respiratory (ventilation volume, breathing frequency, and tidal volume) measures were established. Adverse events were documented. Correlations established the convergent validity of the SC test. A repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to compare the @entity1 's physiological responses at the end of the various tests. RESULTS: SC is feasible and safe, as all @entity1 completed the test with no adverse events. The SC demonstrated convergent validity as numerous associations were found between SC and TMW, and 6MWT. Metabolic, cardiac, and respiratory responses to the SC were significantly higher than these of the TMW and 6MWT (e.g. VO2   =   13.43        2.19, 11.01        2.0, and 11.26        1.87ml/kg/min, respectively) (P   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SC is a feasible and valid test within chronic PSP. SC is more metabolically demanding than TMW and 6MW and therefore, may enable appropriate endurance capacity measurement, especially for high functioning PSP. Negotiating stairs is a common community ambulation requirement. Therefore, it is appropriate to incorporate SC test in PSP testing battery.

title: Stair climbing test post- XXXX : feasibility, convergent validity and metabolic, cardiac, and respiratory responses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The adverse cardiovascular events induced by ambient fine particles (PM2.5) are paid more attention in the world. The current study was conducted to explore the mechanisms of T regulatory cells (Treg) responses in PM2.5-induced exacerbation of @entity2401 . The male BALB/c @entity19 were administered an intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of 10   mg/kg b.w. PM2.5 suspension. Twenty-four hours later, the @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 100    l of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) diluted in Eagle's minimal essential medium (EMEM). Seven days after the treatment, serum, splenetic, and cardiac tissues were examined. The results showed that pre-exposure to PM2.5 aggravated the @entity299 in the CVB3-infected @entity19 along with an increase of Treg cells in the spleen. The mRNA expressions of @entity777 ( @entity777 ), @entity637 , @entity641 ( @entity641 ), and @entity3744 were up-regulated in the PM2.5-pretreated @entity19 than that in the CVB3-treated @entity19 . Similar results were found in the sera. In addition, compared with the CVB3-treated @entity19 , the cardiac protein expression of @entity641 increased in the PM2.5-pretreated @entity19 . These results demonstrated that preexposure to PM2.5 exacerbated virus-induced @entity2401 possibly through the @entity308 of the immune response and increase of @entity32 in myocardium through the Treg responses.

title: Treg responses are associated with PM2.5-induced exacerbation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor-b']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['viral myocarditis', 'myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac inflammation']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['viral myocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polygenetic effect has rarely been addressed in the genetic studies of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). We used the largest and ethnically homogeneous angiographic cohort to analyze multilocus data in renin-angiotensin system genes, and provide an explicit demonstration of gene-gene interactions. METHODS: A total of 1254 consecutive @entity1 who underwent cardiac catheterization (735 with @entity453 and 519 without) were recruited. Angiotensin converting enzyme( @entity1289 ) gene I/D polymorphism; @entity26203 , @entity7742 , @entity29109 , @entity26201 , @entity26701 , and @entity26200 polymorphisms of the @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) gene; and @entity7744 polymorphism of the angiotensin II type I receptor ( @entity7743 ) gene were genotyped. We used a regression approach based on a generalized linear model to evaluate haplotype effects, adjust non-genetic confounding effects and detect gene-gene interaction between @entity1289 and @entity7743 genes. RESULTS: We found significant differences in global @entity2178 gene haplotype profile and individual haplotypes between cases and controls. Significant two-way and three-way gene-gene interactions between @entity1289 I/D, @entity7743 @entity7744 polymorphisms and @entity2178 gene haplotypes were detected. However, subjects carrying both D allele and GGCATC haplotype had an increased risk of @entity453 (odds ratio=1.63 [1.16-2.29]; P=0.004). We also used haplotype counting to directly estimate the odds ratio of each specific @entity2178 gene haplotype, and found that the effects of haplotypes were markedly different in subgroups with different @entity1289 or @entity7743 gene genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The regression-based haplotype analyses permits simultaneous dectection of multi-locus and multi-gene effects in determining the risk of @entity453 . We provide the paradigm for genetic studies of complex-trait diseases using candidate genes based on biological pathways.

title: Polygenetic regression model of renin-angiotensin system genes and the risk of XXXX in a large angiographic population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The usefulness of ultrasound-guided needle aspiration for @entity75 has been reported. However, no reports have evaluated its usefulness and safety in @entity1 with respiratory comorbidities such as @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and @entity401 ( @entity401 ), which can increase the risk of @entity4499 . In this study, we evaluated the influence of @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) on the usefulness and safety of ultrasound-guided needle aspiration for @entity75 . METHODS: Between January 2000 and September 2011, we examined 144 @entity1 with intrapulmonary @entity75 . We retrospectively reviewed clinical data, including lesion size on thoracic computed tomography (CT), ultrasound findings, pathological findings obtained by ultrasound-guided needle aspiration, final diagnosis, and complications. RESULTS: A positive definitive diagnosis was obtained in 74.3% of all 144 @entity1 ; 84.7% @entity1 with @entity5 , including @entity2 ; and 26.9% @entity1 with benign diseases. Of the 144 @entity1 , 64 belonged to the @entity1509 group and 80 to the non- @entity1509 group. The former included 31 @entity1 with @entity1030 , six with emphysematous changes on thoracic CT, 17 with @entity401 , and 10 with other diseases. The positive rate of diagnosis for @entity5 was 84.7% in the @entity1509 group, which was the same as that in the non- @entity1509 group. With regard to complications related to ultrasound-guided aspiration, there were only two cases of pneumothorax in the @entity1509 group and one in the non- @entity1509 group. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided aspiration is safe and useful for @entity75 , particularly malignant lesions, even in @entity1 with respiratory comorbidities such as @entity1030 and @entity401 .

title: Do respiratory comorbidities limit the diagnostic usefulness of ultrasound-guided needle aspiration for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subpleural lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['CRDs', 'chronic respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['subpleural lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While circadian dysfunction and @entity179 are correlated, the mechanism for this is not understood. It is not known if age-dependent circadian dysfunction leads to @entity179 , and the proteins that mediate the effect remain unidentified. Here, we show that the knock-down of a regulator (spag) of the circadian kinase Dbt in circadian cells lowers Dbt levels abnormally, lengthens circadian rhythms and causes expression of activated initiator caspase ( @entity71985 ) in the optic lobes during the middle of the day or after light pulses at night. Likewise, reduced Dbt activity lengthens circadian period and causes expression of activated @entity71985 , and a loss-of-function mutation in @entity19123 also leads to expression of activated @entity71985 in a light-dependent manner. Genetic epistasis experiments place Dbt downstream of Spag in the pathway, and Spag-dependent reductions of Dbt are shown to require the proteasome. Importantly, activated @entity71985 expression due to reduced Spag or Dbt activity occurs in cells that do not express the spag RNAi or dominant negative Dbt and requires PDF neuropeptide signaling from the same neurons that support behavioral rhythms. Furthermore, reduction of Dbt or Spag activity leads to @entity71985 -dependent @entity238 @entity5624 cleavage and enhanced @entity179 produced by @entity1 Tau in a @entity238 eye model for @entity13859 . Aging flies with lowered Dbt or Spag function show markers of cell death as well as @entity146 and shortened lifespans, and even old wild type flies exhibit Dbt modification and activated caspase at particular times of day. These results suggest that Dbt suppresses expression of activated @entity71985 to prevent Tau cleavage, and that the circadian clock defects confer sensitivity to expression of activated @entity71985 in response to prolonged light. They establish a link between the circadian clock factors, light, cell death pathways and Tau @entity137 , potentially via dysregulation of circadian neuronal remodeling in the optic lobes.

title: XXXX Spaghetti and Doubletime Link the Circadian Clock and Light to Caspases, Apoptosis and @entity13859 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegeneration or vice-versa']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['fly', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While circadian dysfunction and @entity179 are correlated, the mechanism for this is not understood. It is not known if age-dependent circadian dysfunction leads to @entity179 , and the proteins that mediate the effect remain unidentified. Here, we show that the knock-down of a regulator (spag) of the circadian kinase Dbt in circadian cells lowers Dbt levels abnormally, lengthens circadian rhythms and causes expression of activated initiator caspase ( @entity71985 ) in the optic lobes during the middle of the day or after light pulses at night. Likewise, reduced Dbt activity lengthens circadian period and causes expression of activated @entity71985 , and a loss-of-function mutation in @entity19123 also leads to expression of activated @entity71985 in a light-dependent manner. Genetic epistasis experiments place Dbt downstream of Spag in the pathway, and Spag-dependent reductions of Dbt are shown to require the proteasome. Importantly, activated @entity71985 expression due to reduced Spag or Dbt activity occurs in cells that do not express the spag RNAi or dominant negative Dbt and requires PDF neuropeptide signaling from the same neurons that support behavioral rhythms. Furthermore, reduction of Dbt or Spag activity leads to @entity71985 -dependent @entity238 @entity5624 cleavage and enhanced @entity179 produced by @entity1 Tau in a @entity238 eye model for @entity13859 . Aging flies with lowered Dbt or Spag function show markers of cell death as well as @entity146 and shortened lifespans, and even old wild type flies exhibit Dbt modification and activated caspase at particular times of day. These results suggest that Dbt suppresses expression of activated @entity71985 to prevent Tau cleavage, and that the circadian clock defects confer sensitivity to expression of activated @entity71985 in response to prolonged light. They establish a link between the circadian clock factors, light, cell death pathways and Tau @entity137 , potentially via dysregulation of circadian neuronal remodeling in the optic lobes.

title: @entity238 Spaghetti and Doubletime Link the Circadian Clock and Light to Caspases, Apoptosis and XXXX .

answer: @entity13859 :: (MESH:D024801,Disease) :: ['Tauopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) contributes to morbidity and mortality, but the underlying pathomechanisms remain incompletely understood. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study on 69 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3052 to further define the correlates of @entity262 activation in this @entity1583 . Tissue factor procoagulant activity (TF PCA) of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and TF expression by circulating microparticles (MPs) were assessed by single-stage clotting and thrombin generation assay, respectively. Soluble plasma TF antigen and secretion of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) by cultured PBMCs were measured by ELISA. Cell-free plasma DNA was quantified by staining with a fluorescent dye. RESULT: TF PCA of PBMCs was significantly increased in @entity3052 @entity1 as compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, TF PCA was significantly associated with decompensated @entity5642 at presentation, as defined by a plasma fibrinogen level of  <=1  g/L (n  =  11). In addition to TF PCA and circulating blasts, serum @entity880 dehydrogenase, a surrogate marker for @entity8624 , correlated with plasma D-Dimer in the total @entity1 cohort and was significantly increased in @entity5642 @entity1 , suggesting a role for myeloblast apoptosis/ @entity39 in activation of the TF-dependent coagulation pathway. Consistently, TF-bearing plasma MPs were more frequently detected and levels of soluble TF antigen were significantly higher in @entity5642 vs. non- @entity5642 @entity1 . No association was found between TF PCA expression and @entity7 secretion by isolated PBMCs, but significantly increased levels of cell-free plasma DNA pointed to a contribution of the intrinsic contact pathway to @entity262 activation in the total @entity1 cohort and in @entity1 with lower TF PCA expression. While PBMC-associated TF PCA had no effect on long-term survival, @entity5642 occurrence at presentation increased the risk of early mortality. CONCLUSION: In newly diagnosed @entity3052 , TF expression by PBMCs and shedding of TF-bearing plasma MPs are central to the pathogenesis of @entity5642 , but additional pathways, such as DNA liberation, may contribute to @entity262 activation.

title: Tissue factor-dependent and -independent pathways of XXXX activation in @entity3052 : a single-center cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic cell turnover']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['systemic coagulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) contributes to morbidity and mortality, but the underlying pathomechanisms remain incompletely understood. METHODS: We conducted a prospective study on 69 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3052 to further define the correlates of @entity262 activation in this @entity1583 . Tissue factor procoagulant activity (TF PCA) of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and TF expression by circulating microparticles (MPs) were assessed by single-stage clotting and thrombin generation assay, respectively. Soluble plasma TF antigen and secretion of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) by cultured PBMCs were measured by ELISA. Cell-free plasma DNA was quantified by staining with a fluorescent dye. RESULT: TF PCA of PBMCs was significantly increased in @entity3052 @entity1 as compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, TF PCA was significantly associated with decompensated @entity5642 at presentation, as defined by a plasma fibrinogen level of  <=1  g/L (n  =  11). In addition to TF PCA and circulating blasts, serum @entity880 dehydrogenase, a surrogate marker for @entity8624 , correlated with plasma D-Dimer in the total @entity1 cohort and was significantly increased in @entity5642 @entity1 , suggesting a role for myeloblast apoptosis/ @entity39 in activation of the TF-dependent coagulation pathway. Consistently, TF-bearing plasma MPs were more frequently detected and levels of soluble TF antigen were significantly higher in @entity5642 vs. non- @entity5642 @entity1 . No association was found between TF PCA expression and @entity7 secretion by isolated PBMCs, but significantly increased levels of cell-free plasma DNA pointed to a contribution of the intrinsic contact pathway to @entity262 activation in the total @entity1 cohort and in @entity1 with lower TF PCA expression. While PBMC-associated TF PCA had no effect on long-term survival, @entity5642 occurrence at presentation increased the risk of early mortality. CONCLUSION: In newly diagnosed @entity3052 , TF expression by PBMCs and shedding of TF-bearing plasma MPs are central to the pathogenesis of @entity5642 , but additional pathways, such as DNA liberation, may contribute to @entity262 activation.

title: Tissue factor-dependent and -independent pathways of @entity262 activation in XXXX : a single-center cohort study.

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: Gene therapy offers great potential for @entity13 . However, therapeutic genes could not reach @entity11 spontaneously. @entity11 -targeting gene delivery system is highly desired to transfer exogenous genes throughout the @entity5 focus. In this study, the nanoscopic high-branching dendrimer, @entity21454 ( @entity21455 ), was selected as the main vector. @entity24509 ( @entity3525 ), which has been demonstrated to bind specifically to receptor expressed in @entity11 , was exploited as the targeting ligand to conjugate @entity21455 via bifunctional @entity968 ( @entity970 ), yielding @entity21455 - @entity970 - @entity3525 . The cellular uptake of @entity3525 itself was observed apparently in C6 @entity11 cells, almost not in 293 cells. The modification of @entity3525 could significantly increase the cellular uptake of vectors and the DNA-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) in C6 cells. The in vivo distribution of @entity21455 - @entity970 - @entity3525 /DNA NPs in the brain was higher than that of @entity21455 /DNA NPs and @entity21455 - @entity970 /DNA NPs. Furthermore, the gene expression of @entity21455 - @entity970 - @entity3525 /DNA NPs was higher and  broader in @entity11 than that of unmodified and @entity970 -modified counterparts. The TUNEL analysis showed a more wide-extended apoptosis in the @entity3525 -modified group, compared to other groups including commercial @entity2903 group. The median survival time of @entity3525 -modified group and @entity2903 group was 59.5 and 49 days, respectively, significantly longer than that of other groups. The results suggested that @entity3525 could be exploited as a special @entity11 -targeting ligand, and @entity21455 - @entity970 - @entity3525 /DNA NPs is a potential non-viral delivery system for gene therapy of @entity11 via intravenous administration.

title: Targeted delivery of XXXX -modified DNA-loaded nanoparticles to @entity11 via intravenous administration.

entities_list: @entity13 :: ('MESH:C564230', 'Disease') :: ['brain glioma']

entities_list: @entity21454 :: ('MESH:C531249', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamidoamine']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['A glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity24509 :: ('MESH:C091539', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorotoxin']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol']

answer: @entity24509 :: (MESH:C091539,Chemical) :: ['chlorotoxin']


abstract: Gene therapy offers great potential for @entity13 . However, therapeutic genes could not reach @entity11 spontaneously. @entity11 -targeting gene delivery system is highly desired to transfer exogenous genes throughout the @entity5 focus. In this study, the nanoscopic high-branching dendrimer, @entity21454 ( @entity21455 ), was selected as the main vector. @entity24509 ( @entity3525 ), which has been demonstrated to bind specifically to receptor expressed in @entity11 , was exploited as the targeting ligand to conjugate @entity21455 via bifunctional @entity968 ( @entity970 ), yielding @entity21455 - @entity970 - @entity3525 . The cellular uptake of @entity3525 itself was observed apparently in C6 @entity11 cells, almost not in 293 cells. The modification of @entity3525 could significantly increase the cellular uptake of vectors and the DNA-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) in C6 cells. The in vivo distribution of @entity21455 - @entity970 - @entity3525 /DNA NPs in the brain was higher than that of @entity21455 /DNA NPs and @entity21455 - @entity970 /DNA NPs. Furthermore, the gene expression of @entity21455 - @entity970 - @entity3525 /DNA NPs was higher and  broader in @entity11 than that of unmodified and @entity970 -modified counterparts. The TUNEL analysis showed a more wide-extended apoptosis in the @entity3525 -modified group, compared to other groups including commercial @entity2903 group. The median survival time of @entity3525 -modified group and @entity2903 group was 59.5 and 49 days, respectively, significantly longer than that of other groups. The results suggested that @entity3525 could be exploited as a special @entity11 -targeting ligand, and @entity21455 - @entity970 - @entity3525 /DNA NPs is a potential non-viral delivery system for gene therapy of @entity11 via intravenous administration.

title: Targeted delivery of @entity24509 -modified DNA-loaded nanoparticles to XXXX via intravenous administration.

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Shoulder arthroplasty is associated with significant @entity190 , often requiring blood transfusion. Hemostatic agents are used in various surgical specialties to minimize @entity190 , but to date few studies have examined their efficacy in shoulder arthroplasty. We retrospectively reviewed 211 consecutive shoulder arthroplasty cases performed by a single surgeon. Our hypothesis was that @entity1 treated with a topical @entity556 prepared with a hemostatic matrix (Surgiflo) would have decreased perioperative @entity190 . @entity1 with @entity174 or preexisting @entity1503 were excluded. Control @entity1 were managed December 2012 through April 2013. Study @entity1 were managed May 2013 through August 2013 using the same surgical technique with the additional application of the hemostatic agent before closure. Charts were reviewed for demographics, estimated @entity190 , drain output, transfusion rates, and complications. @entity190 was calculated using a validated method. There were no differences in estimated @entity190 (P = .301), drain output (P = .906), or hidden @entity190 (P = .601) between groups. There was no increased incidence of transfusion between study (25%) and control (20%) groups (P = .407). No increased complications resulted from use of the hemostatic agent (P = .764). On the basis of these results, we cannot conclude that this topical hemostatic agent is effective as a @entity190 management tool in shoulder arthroplasty.

title: Use of a Topical XXXX -Based Hemostatic Agent in Shoulder Arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Hidden blood loss', 'blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood disease']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['Thrombin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Failure of the heart rate to rise normally during an incremental exercise test is termed chronotropic incompetence (CI). It is common in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and we wanted to explore the relation between CI and outcome in unselected @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: 411 @entity1 with @entity1002 who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were included. CI was defined as a failure to achieve 80% of the maximum predicted heart rate (HR). A CI index was also calculated: (Peak HR-Rest HR)/(220-age-Rest HR)   100. Cox regression was used to assess the univariate and multivariate relationship between variables and all-cause mortality. Survivors were followed for a median of 89months (IQR 62.8-98.6). The majority were male (81.4%) with a median age of 67years (IQR 60-73). A subgroup of 266 @entity1 had NT-proBNP values. RESULTS: CI was present in 42.3% of the population. The mean CI index was 65.7% (SD 41.3%). @entity1 without CI exercised for longer (510s) and had higher peak VO(2) values (21.1mL/kg/min) than those with CI (424 seconds and 18mL/kg/min). Only peak VO(2), age and b blocker use were independent prognostic variables. In the subset of @entity1 with NT-proBNP available, Log[NT-proBNP] was the most powerful predictor of mortality followed by peak VO(2) and b blocker use. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with CI had lower exercise time and peak VO(2). However CI was not a significant predictor of mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 undergoing CPET.

title: Chronotropic incompetence and survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate how enrichment for responders increases assay sensitivity in an enriched enrollment randomized withdrawal (EERW) proof-of-concept (POC) study in @entity9 . Adults with moderate to severe peripheral @entity9 entered a 3- to 4-day screening period, followed by a 12-day titration to the highest tolerated dose that provided @entity158 control (pregabalin 50-200mg t.i.d.), and then a 9-day maintenance period. Subjects were stratified as primary responders (   30%), secondary responders (   10% to <30%), or nonresponders (<10%) based on decrease in @entity158 intensity and were randomized to placebo or @entity4481 during the randomized withdrawal period. The primary endpoint was mean of average 24-h @entity158 intensity during the last 3days of treatment period relative to the 3days before randomization. Time-to-efficacy-failure was the key secondary endpoint. Other features included not requiring discontinuation of current analgesic therapies and blinding investigators to study design elements that could contribute to non-treatment-related responses. Effect size (ES) (mean treatment difference/SD) was used to measure assay sensitivity. @entity4481 -treated subjects (n=52) had significantly less @entity158 than those receiving placebo (n=51) (P   .003). Effect size of the primary endpoint was 0.72 for primary responders and decreased if secondary and nonresponders were included in the analysis. The highest ES (1.68) was demonstrated for the endpoint time-to-efficacy-failure seen in primary responders with @entity3949 . The EERW trial design using time-to-efficacy-failure may provide a sensitive and efficient method to conduct POC studies of novel therapies in @entity1 with @entity9 . Enriching a study population with @entity1 who have achieved a 30% decrease in @entity158 with an investigational therapy, and using time-to-efficacy-failure during the randomized withdrawal phase as the primary endpoint, can be used for a proof-of-concept study to optimize assay sensitivity and efficiently determine the analgesic potential of a new treatment for @entity9 .

title: Impact of responder definition on the enriched enrollment randomized withdrawal trial design for establishing proof of concept in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']