abstract: BACKGROUND: Secondary lesion (SL) is an early @entity204 following @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). @entity842 (NO) could be involved in its pathogenesis. NO is a gaseous metabolite produced by 2 constitutive isoforms of NO synthase ( @entity2824 ), constantly active, and by 1 inducible isoform (iNOS), synthesized during @entity32 and able to produce large amount of NO. High concentrated NO is toxic for cells; therefore, NO concentration is strictly and finely regulated. We suppose that major inhibitory effect on the iNOS expression is represented by the same physiological concentration of NO, synthesized by @entity2824 . The aim of this study is to assess the role of the 2 @entity2824 in pathogenesis of SL after @entity1566 in @entity35 . METHODS: A dorsal @entity1566 has been performed on @entity35 (n=5) by a vascular clip (50 g/mm(2) for 15"). Fifteen minutes after @entity130 , activity of nNOS and eNOS has been measured (U/mg) in the cervical, dorsal and lumbar segments of spinal cord. Uninjured @entity35 (n=5) served as control group. m-RNA for iNOS in untreated @entity35 (n=2) has been also investigated by Northern blotting. RESULTS: In injured @entity35 nNOS activity has shown a reduction in dorsal and lumbar segments, compared to the control group. eNOS activity, highly variable in the control group, has not been detectable in injured spinal cord. @entity1506 mRNA has not been found in spinal cord of uninjured @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: These results would be in line with our hypothesis and provide the bases for other investigations. New therapeutic strategies for SL prevention, based on the modulation of @entity2824 , will be evaluated.

title: The role of constitutive XXXX synthase in pathogenesis of secondary lesion after @entity1566 . Preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['phenomenon of cellular death']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different lifestyle choices are commonly regarded as a reflection of socioeconomic status, and the latter is inversely correlated with the risk of developing @entity5 . However, the details of this association are still unclear in terms of the degree to which lifestyle factors are having impact. To explain the correlation between socioeconomic status and @entity5 , we therefore examined the roles played by different lifestyle factors. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of diet and @entity5 was initiated in Japan during 1988. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. A follow-up survey was conducted annually, and the cause of @entity204 was recorded from the @entity204 certificate. The total of 127,477 study @entity1 resided in 45 areas of Japan, and we retrieved data for 18,746 @entity1 and 26,184 @entity1 for the present analysis. After 328,030 @entity1 -years of follow-up, 379 deaths from @entity5 were detected: 261 in @entity1 and 118 in @entity1 . RESULTS: For @entity1 , the age-adjusted relative risk was lowest in the highly educated group (relative risk = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.50-1.04). Relative risk after adjustment for age and dietary choices (including pickles, vegetables, fruit, green tea, and preference for salty foods) was the same as the age-adjusted relative risk (relative risk = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.50-1.04). CONCLUSION: The expected inverse correlation between education level and @entity204 from @entity5 was observed in @entity1 . However, this association could not be explained by differences in dietary habits, smoking, or @entity167 consumption associated with socioeconomic status.

title: Prospective study of educational background and XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stomach cancer']


abstract: Neck lymph node status is the most important factor for prognosis in @entity213 . Sentinel node detection reliably predicts the lymph node status in @entity320 and @entity0 @entity1 . This study evaluates the predictive value of sentinel node detection in 50 @entity1 suffering from @entity189 with a N0 neck as assessed by ultrasound imaging. Following @entity1136 nanocolloid injection in the perimeter of the @entity5 intraoperative sentinel node detection was performed during lymph node dissection. Postoperatively the histological results of the sentinel nodes were compared with the excised neck dissection specimen. Identification of sentinel nodes was successful in all 50 @entity1 with a sensitivity of 89%. In eight cases the sentinel node showed @entity66 ( @entity3121 ). In 41 @entity1 the sentinel node was @entity5 negative reflecting the correct neck lymph node status (pN0). We observed one false-negative result. In this case the sentinel node was free of @entity5 , whereas a neighbouring lymph node contained a lymph node @entity3 ( @entity3121 ). Although we have shown, that skipping of nodal basins can occur, this technique still reliably identifies the sentinel nodes of @entity1 with @entity957 of the pharynx and larynx. Future studies must show, if sentinel node detection is suitable to limit the extent of lymph node dissection in clinically N0 necks of @entity1 suffering from pharyngeal and @entity957 .

title: Sentinel node detection in N0 XXXX of the pharynx and larynx.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['99m-Technetium']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was started up and operated with alternating anaerobic/oxic (An/O) to perform enhanced biological @entity3151 removal (EBPR) under the condition of 13-16 degrees C. The results showed that under the condition of low temperature, the EBPR system was successfully started up in a short time (<6 d). The reactor achieved a high and stable @entity3151 removal performance with an influent @entity4613 concentration of 20 mg x L(-1) and the dissolved @entity26 (DO) concentration of 2 mg x L(-1). The effluent @entity4613 concentration was lower than 0.5 mg x L(-1). It was found that decreasing DO had an influence on the steady operation of EBPR system. As DO concentration of aerobic phase decreased from 2 mg x L(-1) to 1 mg x L(-1), the system could still perform EBPR and the @entity3151 removal efficiency was greater than 97.4%. However, the amount of @entity4613 released during anaerobic phase was observed to decrease slightly compared with that of 2 mg x L(-1) @entity121 . Moreover, the @entity3151 removal performance of the system deteriorated immediately and the effluent @entity4613 concentration couldn't meet the national integrated wastewater discharge standard when DO concentration was further lowered to 0.5 mg x L(-1). The experiments of increasing DO to recover @entity3151 removal performance of the EBPR suggested the process failure resulted from low DO was not reversible in the short-term. It was also found that the batch tests of anoxic @entity3151 uptake using @entity3542 and @entity1507 as electron acceptors had an impact on the stable operation of EBPR system, whereas the resulting negative influence could be recovered within 6 cycles. In addition, the mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) of the EBPR system remained stable and the sludge volume index (SVI) decreased to a certain extend in a long run, implying long-term low temperature and low @entity121 favored the sludge sedimentation.

title: [Startup, stable operation and process failure of EBPR system under the low temperature and low dissolved XXXX condition].

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['DO condition']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: This study was conducted in order to investigate the advantages and limitations of four analgesic modalities: a) epidural @entity1286 ; b) intravenous @entity1286 ; c) @entity1 controlled intravenous @entity1286 ( @entity1 -controlled analgesia); and d) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Eighty @entity1 undergoing major abdominal surgical procedures were prospectively and randomly treated with one of the above-mentioned analgesic methods. Evaluation of @entity158 perception was done using the visual analogue @entity158 score and the simple descriptive scale 4 hours after the procedure, in the early morning on postoperative day 1 and in the afternoon on postoperative days 1, 2 and 3. The need for @entity532 , if any, were also evaluated for each @entity1 . @entity1 -controlled intravenous @entity1286 yielded the best analgesic effect over the entire period. Epidural @entity1286 was more effective in the very early postoperative period compared to modalities (b) and (d). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, on the other hand, were more effective on the later postoperative days. None of the @entity1 in group C needed supplementary analgesia, as against 20% in group A, 55% in group B and 40% in group D. @entity1 with @entity16251 scores > 70 or @entity308 scores > 70 required supplementation of analgesia more often. @entity1286 proved to be the drug of choice. Drug titration may be modulated in relation to the psychological characteristics of the @entity1 . The best drug titration modality, in fact, is @entity1 -controlled analgesia.

title: A prospective randomized clinical trial on XXXX control after major abdominal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['supplementary analgesia and the onset of complications']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity16251 :: ('MESH:D006998', 'Disease') :: ['hypochondriasis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: NSAIDs are reported to increase the risk of @entity548 in @entity1524 users. The mechanism underlying this risk is inhibition of @entity1423 , however a pharmacokinetic mechanism resulting in an increased International Normalised Ratio (INR) was proposed in some case reports in @entity1229 treated @entity1 . In this retrospective cohort study the influence of @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 on the INR of outpatients stabilised on @entity11271 therapy was investigated. We also determined the role of @entity5060 ( @entity5060 ) polymorphism on @entity1524 dosage and INR in NSAID users. The study was carried out at the Groningen Outpatient @entity715 Service. A retrospective cohort study among @entity1 who received both @entity11271 and one of the NSAIDs under study was performed. @entity1 whose INR rose above the upper level of the therapeutic range (INR above 3.5 or 4.0) after an NSAID under study was added to the @entity11271 therapy, were compared with @entity1 who did not show such an elevation. A two-sample t-test (average @entity11271 dosage, age), and chi-square tests (sex, therapeutic range, type of NSAID) were used to test for differences. Genotyping was carried out by analysing blood samples for the relevant @entity5060 alleles. The study population consisted of 112 @entity1 on stable @entity11271 therapy, of which 52 (46%) showed an elevation of the INR above the desired therapeutic level (INR 3.5 and 4.0 respectively) after the start of an NSAID under study. In 12 @entity1 , the INR increased above 6. The INR of the other 60 @entity1 (54%) remained constant after the start of one of the NSAIDs under study. There were no statistically significant differences between @entity1 with increased INR and @entity1 without increased INR with regard to age, sex, therapeutic range and average @entity11271 dosage. Eighty @entity1 , of whom 36 showed an increased INR as a result of a potential @entity11271 -NSAID drug interaction, were included in the genotyping study. No association between @entity5060 genotype and an increased INR as a result of the drug-drug interaction was found. In nearly half of a cohort of elderly @entity1 , the INR increased beyond the therapeutic range (INR 3.5 or 4.0) as a result of a potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between @entity11271 and @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 . The average increase in INR was between 1 and 4. Polymorphism of @entity5060 does not seem to be a relevant risk factor for the NSAID- @entity11271 interaction.

title: Potential interaction between @entity11271 and @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 and role of XXXX genotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11271 :: ('MESH:D000074', 'Chemical') :: ['acenocoumarol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity5060 :: (1559,Gene) :: ['CYP2C9']


abstract: NSAIDs are reported to increase the risk of @entity548 in @entity1524 users. The mechanism underlying this risk is inhibition of @entity1423 , however a pharmacokinetic mechanism resulting in an increased International Normalised Ratio (INR) was proposed in some case reports in @entity1229 treated @entity1 . In this retrospective cohort study the influence of @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 on the INR of outpatients stabilised on @entity11271 therapy was investigated. We also determined the role of @entity5060 ( @entity5060 ) polymorphism on @entity1524 dosage and INR in NSAID users. The study was carried out at the Groningen Outpatient @entity715 Service. A retrospective cohort study among @entity1 who received both @entity11271 and one of the NSAIDs under study was performed. @entity1 whose INR rose above the upper level of the therapeutic range (INR above 3.5 or 4.0) after an NSAID under study was added to the @entity11271 therapy, were compared with @entity1 who did not show such an elevation. A two-sample t-test (average @entity11271 dosage, age), and chi-square tests (sex, therapeutic range, type of NSAID) were used to test for differences. Genotyping was carried out by analysing blood samples for the relevant @entity5060 alleles. The study population consisted of 112 @entity1 on stable @entity11271 therapy, of which 52 (46%) showed an elevation of the INR above the desired therapeutic level (INR 3.5 and 4.0 respectively) after the start of an NSAID under study. In 12 @entity1 , the INR increased above 6. The INR of the other 60 @entity1 (54%) remained constant after the start of one of the NSAIDs under study. There were no statistically significant differences between @entity1 with increased INR and @entity1 without increased INR with regard to age, sex, therapeutic range and average @entity11271 dosage. Eighty @entity1 , of whom 36 showed an increased INR as a result of a potential @entity11271 -NSAID drug interaction, were included in the genotyping study. No association between @entity5060 genotype and an increased INR as a result of the drug-drug interaction was found. In nearly half of a cohort of elderly @entity1 , the INR increased beyond the therapeutic range (INR 3.5 or 4.0) as a result of a potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between @entity11271 and @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 . The average increase in INR was between 1 and 4. Polymorphism of @entity5060 does not seem to be a relevant risk factor for the NSAID- @entity11271 interaction.

title: Potential interaction between @entity11271 and @entity3522 , XXXX and @entity5018 and role of @entity5060 genotype.

answer: @entity1623 :: (MESH:D009288,Chemical) :: ['naproxen']


abstract: NSAIDs are reported to increase the risk of @entity548 in @entity1524 users. The mechanism underlying this risk is inhibition of @entity1423 , however a pharmacokinetic mechanism resulting in an increased International Normalised Ratio (INR) was proposed in some case reports in @entity1229 treated @entity1 . In this retrospective cohort study the influence of @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 on the INR of outpatients stabilised on @entity11271 therapy was investigated. We also determined the role of @entity5060 ( @entity5060 ) polymorphism on @entity1524 dosage and INR in NSAID users. The study was carried out at the Groningen Outpatient @entity715 Service. A retrospective cohort study among @entity1 who received both @entity11271 and one of the NSAIDs under study was performed. @entity1 whose INR rose above the upper level of the therapeutic range (INR above 3.5 or 4.0) after an NSAID under study was added to the @entity11271 therapy, were compared with @entity1 who did not show such an elevation. A two-sample t-test (average @entity11271 dosage, age), and chi-square tests (sex, therapeutic range, type of NSAID) were used to test for differences. Genotyping was carried out by analysing blood samples for the relevant @entity5060 alleles. The study population consisted of 112 @entity1 on stable @entity11271 therapy, of which 52 (46%) showed an elevation of the INR above the desired therapeutic level (INR 3.5 and 4.0 respectively) after the start of an NSAID under study. In 12 @entity1 , the INR increased above 6. The INR of the other 60 @entity1 (54%) remained constant after the start of one of the NSAIDs under study. There were no statistically significant differences between @entity1 with increased INR and @entity1 without increased INR with regard to age, sex, therapeutic range and average @entity11271 dosage. Eighty @entity1 , of whom 36 showed an increased INR as a result of a potential @entity11271 -NSAID drug interaction, were included in the genotyping study. No association between @entity5060 genotype and an increased INR as a result of the drug-drug interaction was found. In nearly half of a cohort of elderly @entity1 , the INR increased beyond the therapeutic range (INR 3.5 or 4.0) as a result of a potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between @entity11271 and @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 . The average increase in INR was between 1 and 4. Polymorphism of @entity5060 does not seem to be a relevant risk factor for the NSAID- @entity11271 interaction.

title: Potential interaction between @entity11271 and XXXX , @entity1623 and @entity5018 and role of @entity5060 genotype.

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac']


abstract: NSAIDs are reported to increase the risk of @entity548 in @entity1524 users. The mechanism underlying this risk is inhibition of @entity1423 , however a pharmacokinetic mechanism resulting in an increased International Normalised Ratio (INR) was proposed in some case reports in @entity1229 treated @entity1 . In this retrospective cohort study the influence of @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 on the INR of outpatients stabilised on @entity11271 therapy was investigated. We also determined the role of @entity5060 ( @entity5060 ) polymorphism on @entity1524 dosage and INR in NSAID users. The study was carried out at the Groningen Outpatient @entity715 Service. A retrospective cohort study among @entity1 who received both @entity11271 and one of the NSAIDs under study was performed. @entity1 whose INR rose above the upper level of the therapeutic range (INR above 3.5 or 4.0) after an NSAID under study was added to the @entity11271 therapy, were compared with @entity1 who did not show such an elevation. A two-sample t-test (average @entity11271 dosage, age), and chi-square tests (sex, therapeutic range, type of NSAID) were used to test for differences. Genotyping was carried out by analysing blood samples for the relevant @entity5060 alleles. The study population consisted of 112 @entity1 on stable @entity11271 therapy, of which 52 (46%) showed an elevation of the INR above the desired therapeutic level (INR 3.5 and 4.0 respectively) after the start of an NSAID under study. In 12 @entity1 , the INR increased above 6. The INR of the other 60 @entity1 (54%) remained constant after the start of one of the NSAIDs under study. There were no statistically significant differences between @entity1 with increased INR and @entity1 without increased INR with regard to age, sex, therapeutic range and average @entity11271 dosage. Eighty @entity1 , of whom 36 showed an increased INR as a result of a potential @entity11271 -NSAID drug interaction, were included in the genotyping study. No association between @entity5060 genotype and an increased INR as a result of the drug-drug interaction was found. In nearly half of a cohort of elderly @entity1 , the INR increased beyond the therapeutic range (INR 3.5 or 4.0) as a result of a potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between @entity11271 and @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 . The average increase in INR was between 1 and 4. Polymorphism of @entity5060 does not seem to be a relevant risk factor for the NSAID- @entity11271 interaction.

title: Potential interaction between XXXX and @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 and role of @entity5060 genotype.

answer: @entity11271 :: (MESH:D000074,Chemical) :: ['acenocoumarol']


abstract: NSAIDs are reported to increase the risk of @entity548 in @entity1524 users. The mechanism underlying this risk is inhibition of @entity1423 , however a pharmacokinetic mechanism resulting in an increased International Normalised Ratio (INR) was proposed in some case reports in @entity1229 treated @entity1 . In this retrospective cohort study the influence of @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 on the INR of outpatients stabilised on @entity11271 therapy was investigated. We also determined the role of @entity5060 ( @entity5060 ) polymorphism on @entity1524 dosage and INR in NSAID users. The study was carried out at the Groningen Outpatient @entity715 Service. A retrospective cohort study among @entity1 who received both @entity11271 and one of the NSAIDs under study was performed. @entity1 whose INR rose above the upper level of the therapeutic range (INR above 3.5 or 4.0) after an NSAID under study was added to the @entity11271 therapy, were compared with @entity1 who did not show such an elevation. A two-sample t-test (average @entity11271 dosage, age), and chi-square tests (sex, therapeutic range, type of NSAID) were used to test for differences. Genotyping was carried out by analysing blood samples for the relevant @entity5060 alleles. The study population consisted of 112 @entity1 on stable @entity11271 therapy, of which 52 (46%) showed an elevation of the INR above the desired therapeutic level (INR 3.5 and 4.0 respectively) after the start of an NSAID under study. In 12 @entity1 , the INR increased above 6. The INR of the other 60 @entity1 (54%) remained constant after the start of one of the NSAIDs under study. There were no statistically significant differences between @entity1 with increased INR and @entity1 without increased INR with regard to age, sex, therapeutic range and average @entity11271 dosage. Eighty @entity1 , of whom 36 showed an increased INR as a result of a potential @entity11271 -NSAID drug interaction, were included in the genotyping study. No association between @entity5060 genotype and an increased INR as a result of the drug-drug interaction was found. In nearly half of a cohort of elderly @entity1 , the INR increased beyond the therapeutic range (INR 3.5 or 4.0) as a result of a potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between @entity11271 and @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 . The average increase in INR was between 1 and 4. Polymorphism of @entity5060 does not seem to be a relevant risk factor for the NSAID- @entity11271 interaction.

title: Potential interaction between @entity11271 and @entity3522 , @entity1623 and XXXX and role of @entity5060 genotype.

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the wound size reduction and time course for healing and to establish equations to predict the time course of wound healing in @entity1109 , and ischemic @entity4760 . METHODS: This prospective study evaluates wound healing over at least a 10-week period in 31 Type 1 or Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity1411 . Thirteen consecutive @entity6 @entity1 with @entity1411 , 10 consecutive @entity6 @entity1 with neuroischemic ulceration, and 8 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity1095 were selected for the study. All @entity1 received identical @entity1066 wound care including use of proper footwear, non-weight-bearing limb support, use of appropriate antibiotics, debridement, tight control of serum @entity413 levels, and careful monitoring of the @entity1066 . @entity1066 was assessed by planimetric measurement of the wound area every second week until wound healing. The time course of wound healing was calculated by the daily wound radius reduction. RESULTS: The wound area (mean+/-S.E.) in the @entity1 with @entity1411 was 61.2+/-17.1 at the beginning and 3.2+/-1.5 mm(2) after 70 days (P=.005). The wound radius decreased by 0.045 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.039-0.055) per day, with most of the wound healing being achieved between the first and seventh week of @entity1066 care. The average healing time was 77.7 (95% CI 62-93) days. In the neuroischemic group, the initial average wound area was 26.6+/-7.0 mm(2), and 6.25+/-1.7 mm(2) after 10 weeks (P=.007). The wound radius reduction was 0.019 mm/day (95% CI 0.017-0.023) with an average healing time of 123.4 (95% CI 101-145) days. The @entity6 @entity1 with @entity1095 had an average wound size of 32.6+/-13.1 at the beginning and 23.9+/-10.7 mm(2) after 70 days of @entity1066 care (P=.06). The daily wound radius reduction was 0.0065 mm (95% CI 0.0039-0.0091). Average @entity1066 duration was 133 (95% CI 116-149) days, but three of eight @entity1 achieved no wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: Providing standard care, the time course of wound healing in @entity4760 is predominantly determined by etiologic factors, and less by wound size. Taking wound etiology and wound radius into account, the expected healing time can reliably be estimated in @entity1066 .

title: Determinants and estimation of healing times in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral occlusive vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'neuropathic and neuroischemic ulcers', 'Ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic, neuroischemic']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic foot ulceration', 'plantar foot ulcers']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']


abstract: AIM: The surgical results for @entity5663 ( @entity5663 ) with and without duraplasty in @entity1645 ( @entity1645 ) were compared retrospectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-nine cases of @entity1645 with and without @entity1644 ( @entity1644 ) were included. There were 18 @entity1 in the nonduraplasty and 21 in the duraplasty group. @entity1644 , @entity3976 ( @entity3976 ), preoperative symptom duration, and postoperative @entity1644 size were compared. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between improvement in the duraplasty group (81%) and the non-duraplasty group (61.1%). In cases whose symptom duration was 0-36 months, improvement in the duraplasty group (93%) was significantly better than in the nonduraplasty group (50%) (p < 0.01). The rate of syrinx regression was 92.3% in the duraplasty group and 12.5% in the non-duraplasty group (p < 0.05). In cases with @entity1644 , the improvement was 21.4% in the non-duraplasty group compared to 78.6% in the duraplasty group (p=0.056). In cases with @entity3976 greater than 10 mm, the improvement was 66.7% in the non-duraplasty group, whereas all six cases (100%) in the duraplasty group had improved. CONCLUSION: In @entity1644 associated cases, cases with @entity3976 greater than 10 mm, and whose symptom duration is less than 36 months, duraplasty is a more reliable choice despite a slightly higher rate of complications.

title: Comparison of the Surgical Results for Foramen Magnum Decompression with and without Duraplasty in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['SM', 'syringomyelia', 'Syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['TH', 'tonsillar herniation']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['CM-1', 'Chiari Malformation type 1']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['FMD', 'foramen magnum decompression']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari Malformation Type 1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transoral endoluminal gastroplasty (EG) by the Bard Endocinch device is available for the treatment of @entity354 ( @entity354 ). This study assessed the early (<or=12 months) outcomes in @entity1 undergoing EG performed by one gastroenterologist compared with another set of @entity1 referred by the same gastroenterologist for @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) at a foregut surgery center. METHODS: From June 2000 to July 2002, 87 consecutive @entity1 cared for by a single gastroenterologist were diagnosed with refractory @entity354 and underwent either EG (n = 47) or referral for @entity1104 (n = 40). Preoperative evaluation included symptom assessment, pH studies, and motility studies. Outcomes were assessed by symptomatic improvement and dependence on anti-acid medications. Data analyzed by chi-square or Mann-Whitney tests are reported as mean +/- SEM. RESULTS: Preoperative symptom duration, @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) score, % time pH < 4, and @entity2749 were statistically similar in both treatment groups. The follow-up times for EG and @entity1104 groups were 7.3 +/- 0.9 and 8 +/- 0.4 months, respectively. Of EG @entity1 , 94% were available for follow-up, and all @entity1104 @entity1 had follow-up data. Overall, 66% of @entity1 were satisfied with EG as compared to 93% after @entity1104 (p = 0.1). Postoperative PPI/motility agent use was 32% for EG and 13% for @entity1104 (p = 0.03). Identifiable causes of EG failure were premature procedure termination due to @entity519 or @entity548 (three @entity1 ), intractable @entity391 (two @entity1 ), and delayed @entity356 (five @entity1 ). Three EG @entity1 subsequently had @entity1104 within 6 months of the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1104 offers greater reduction in medication use than EG, as well as more durable @entity1 satisfaction. Benefits of EG may include short-term symptomatic improvement while considering definitive surgical management.

title: Comparative results of endoluminal gastroplasty and @entity1104 for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['reflux episodes']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['Johnson-DeMeester', 'JD']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['LAS', 'laparoscopic antireflux surgery']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['GERD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transoral endoluminal gastroplasty (EG) by the Bard Endocinch device is available for the treatment of @entity354 ( @entity354 ). This study assessed the early (<or=12 months) outcomes in @entity1 undergoing EG performed by one gastroenterologist compared with another set of @entity1 referred by the same gastroenterologist for @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) at a foregut surgery center. METHODS: From June 2000 to July 2002, 87 consecutive @entity1 cared for by a single gastroenterologist were diagnosed with refractory @entity354 and underwent either EG (n = 47) or referral for @entity1104 (n = 40). Preoperative evaluation included symptom assessment, pH studies, and motility studies. Outcomes were assessed by symptomatic improvement and dependence on anti-acid medications. Data analyzed by chi-square or Mann-Whitney tests are reported as mean +/- SEM. RESULTS: Preoperative symptom duration, @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ) score, % time pH < 4, and @entity2749 were statistically similar in both treatment groups. The follow-up times for EG and @entity1104 groups were 7.3 +/- 0.9 and 8 +/- 0.4 months, respectively. Of EG @entity1 , 94% were available for follow-up, and all @entity1104 @entity1 had follow-up data. Overall, 66% of @entity1 were satisfied with EG as compared to 93% after @entity1104 (p = 0.1). Postoperative PPI/motility agent use was 32% for EG and 13% for @entity1104 (p = 0.03). Identifiable causes of EG failure were premature procedure termination due to @entity519 or @entity548 (three @entity1 ), intractable @entity391 (two @entity1 ), and delayed @entity356 (five @entity1 ). Three EG @entity1 subsequently had @entity1104 within 6 months of the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1104 offers greater reduction in medication use than EG, as well as more durable @entity1 satisfaction. Benefits of EG may include short-term symptomatic improvement while considering definitive surgical management.

title: Comparative results of endoluminal gastroplasty and XXXX for the treatment of @entity354 .

answer: @entity1104 :: (MESH:D000267,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic antireflux surgery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively whether laparoscopic (LA) and @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) are equally safe and feasible in the treatment of @entity698 . METHODS: A total of 517 @entity1 with @entity697 were randomly assigned to undergo LA or @entity1538 appendectomy, based on the schedule of the attending surgeon on call. @entity1 age, sex, postoperative diagnosis, operating time, level of training of surgical resident, length of postoperative hospitalization, and minor and major @entity260 were recorded. Chi-square analysis and the Student t-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In all, 376 @entity1538 and 141 LA were performed. The two groups were comparable in terms of @entity1 demographics and the incidence of @entity698 . The operative time was also similar (47.3 +/- 19.7 vs 49.9 +/- 12.9 min). The overall incidence of minor or major complications was 11.2% in the @entity1538 group and 9.9% in the LA group. CONCLUSION: Pediatric @entity1 with @entity698 can safely be offered laparoscopic appendectomy without incurring a greater risk for complications. Nevertheless, a higher (but not significantly higher) abscess rate was found in @entity1 with @entity698 who underwent laparoscopy.

title: Open and laparoscopic appendectomy are equally safe and acceptable in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open appendectomy', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric appendicitis', 'perforated appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Heparins play an important role in cell growth, differentiation, migration and invasion. However, the molecular mechanisms of heparin mediated cellular behaviors are not well defined. To determine the effect of heparin on gene expression, we performed a cDNA microarray in a @entity157 cell line and found that heparin regulates transcription of genes involved in @entity413 metabolism. In this study, we showed a new role of heparin in the regulation of thioredoxin interacting protein, which is a major regulator of @entity413 metabolism, in @entity157 cell lines. We determined the importance of a unique @entity1735 response element located on its promoter for the @entity6950 -induced activation of thioredoxin-interacting protein and the modulatory role of heparin on nuclear accumulation of @entity1735 response element associated proteins. We showed the importance of heparin mediated histone modifications and down-regulation of Enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 expression for heparin mediated overexpression of thioredoxin-interacting protein. When we tested biological significance of these data; we observed that cells overexpressing thioredoxin-interacting protein are less adhesive and proliferative, however they have a higher migration and invasion ability. Interestingly, heparin treatment increased thioredoxin-interacting protein expression in liver of @entity6 @entity35 . In conclusion, our results show that heparin activates thioredoxin-interacting protein expression in liver and @entity157 cells and provide the first evidences of regulatory roles of heparin on @entity1735 response element associated factors. This study will contribute future understanding of the effect of heparin on @entity413 metabolism and @entity413 independent overexpression of thioredoxin-interacting protein during hepatocarcinogenesis.

title: Heparin treatment increases thioredoxin interacting protein expression in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: No relevant deficiency of @entity11524 or genetic polymorphisms could thus far consistently be associated with @entity1211 . We hypothesized that the substrates of the @entity11524 protein, including FVII or FX (rather than the protein itself) could induce a @entity49 state. We created a novel TF-based clotting assay that evaluated the anticoagulant response to exogenously added recombinant @entity11524 . The response to @entity11524 was expressed as the ratio of the clotting time with and with-out @entity11524 . By using 118 healthy controls, we established a reference range between 1.31 and 1.93 (mean value +/-2 standard deviations (SD), 1.62 +/-0.31). We then evaluated samples from 120 @entity1 with a history of @entity1211 but no evidence of hereditary and acquired @entity49 . The range Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Haematology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland of the @entity1 ' ratios was significantly (P < 0.001) lower, falling between 1.2 and 1.78 (mean value +/-2 SD, 1.49 +/-0.29). Of the 120 @entity1 , 39 (32.5%) had a @entity11524 sensitivity ratio below the 10th percentile of the controls, compared with 11 (9.3%) of the healthy controls. The crude odds ratio for @entity49 for subjects with a @entity11524 sensitivity ratio below the 10th percentile was 13 (95% CI; range, 3.1 to 54.9) compared with those with a ratio above 1.8 (90th percentile). @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1031 did not have a decreased @entity11524 sensitivity ratio more often than @entity1 with @entity715 with a circumstantial risk factor. Based on these results, a reduced response to @entity11524 may lead to an increased risk of @entity49 .

title: Decreased anticoagulant response to tissue factor pathway inhibitor in @entity1 with XXXX and otherwise no evidence of hereditary or acquired @entity49 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'hypercoagulable', 'thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: No relevant deficiency of @entity11524 or genetic polymorphisms could thus far consistently be associated with @entity1211 . We hypothesized that the substrates of the @entity11524 protein, including FVII or FX (rather than the protein itself) could induce a @entity49 state. We created a novel TF-based clotting assay that evaluated the anticoagulant response to exogenously added recombinant @entity11524 . The response to @entity11524 was expressed as the ratio of the clotting time with and with-out @entity11524 . By using 118 healthy controls, we established a reference range between 1.31 and 1.93 (mean value +/-2 standard deviations (SD), 1.62 +/-0.31). We then evaluated samples from 120 @entity1 with a history of @entity1211 but no evidence of hereditary and acquired @entity49 . The range Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Haematology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland of the @entity1 ' ratios was significantly (P < 0.001) lower, falling between 1.2 and 1.78 (mean value +/-2 SD, 1.49 +/-0.29). Of the 120 @entity1 , 39 (32.5%) had a @entity11524 sensitivity ratio below the 10th percentile of the controls, compared with 11 (9.3%) of the healthy controls. The crude odds ratio for @entity49 for subjects with a @entity11524 sensitivity ratio below the 10th percentile was 13 (95% CI; range, 3.1 to 54.9) compared with those with a ratio above 1.8 (90th percentile). @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1031 did not have a decreased @entity11524 sensitivity ratio more often than @entity1 with @entity715 with a circumstantial risk factor. Based on these results, a reduced response to @entity11524 may lead to an increased risk of @entity49 .

title: Decreased anticoagulant response to tissue factor pathway inhibitor in @entity1 with @entity1211 and otherwise no evidence of hereditary or acquired XXXX .

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['thrombophilia']


abstract: No relevant deficiency of @entity11524 or genetic polymorphisms could thus far consistently be associated with @entity1211 . We hypothesized that the substrates of the @entity11524 protein, including FVII or FX (rather than the protein itself) could induce a @entity49 state. We created a novel TF-based clotting assay that evaluated the anticoagulant response to exogenously added recombinant @entity11524 . The response to @entity11524 was expressed as the ratio of the clotting time with and with-out @entity11524 . By using 118 healthy controls, we established a reference range between 1.31 and 1.93 (mean value +/-2 standard deviations (SD), 1.62 +/-0.31). We then evaluated samples from 120 @entity1 with a history of @entity1211 but no evidence of hereditary and acquired @entity49 . The range Coagulation Laboratory, Division of Haematology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland of the @entity1 ' ratios was significantly (P < 0.001) lower, falling between 1.2 and 1.78 (mean value +/-2 SD, 1.49 +/-0.29). Of the 120 @entity1 , 39 (32.5%) had a @entity11524 sensitivity ratio below the 10th percentile of the controls, compared with 11 (9.3%) of the healthy controls. The crude odds ratio for @entity49 for subjects with a @entity11524 sensitivity ratio below the 10th percentile was 13 (95% CI; range, 3.1 to 54.9) compared with those with a ratio above 1.8 (90th percentile). @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1031 did not have a decreased @entity11524 sensitivity ratio more often than @entity1 with @entity715 with a circumstantial risk factor. Based on these results, a reduced response to @entity11524 may lead to an increased risk of @entity49 .

title: Decreased anticoagulant response to tissue factor pathway inhibitor in XXXX with @entity1211 and otherwise no evidence of hereditary or acquired @entity49 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Allogeneic @entity7674 ( @entity7978 ) was prepared by culturing fibroblasts on a two-layered spongy matrix of hyaluronic acid and atelocollagen. @entity7978 can be cryopreserved and transported to other hospitals in a frozen state. The present study was designed to analyze the amounts of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) released from fibroblasts in fresh and cryopreserved @entity7978 and to investigate the effects of this @entity7 on proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. The culture medium used in preparing @entity7978 (fresh @entity7978 @entity7978 ) was collected and stored at -30 degrees C for the quantitative analysis of @entity7 . After thawing cryopreserved @entity7978 , it was recultured in a culture medium for 1 week. The culture medium used was collected and stored at -30 degrees C for quantitative analysis of @entity7 . The amounts of @entity7 released from the fresh and cryopreserved @entity7978 into the culture medium were about 610 pg/ml and 640 pg/ml, respectively. This finding suggests that the cryopreserved @entity7978 retains its ability to release @entity7 . Immunohistological analysis indicated that some of the @entity7 adhered to the matrix. @entity1 vascular endothelial cells were cultured in medium mixed with the fresh or cryopreserved @entity7978 @entity7978 . Proliferation of vascular endothelial cells was enhanced by increasing the concentration of both @entity7978 culture medium samples. When antihuman @entity7 antibody was added to the culture medium, the proliferative activity of vascular endothelial cells was reduced. These findings confirm that @entity7 released from @entity7978 promotes proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.

title: Effects of @entity7 released from XXXX on proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['cultured dermal substitute']

entities_list: @entity7978 :: ('MESH:C536038', 'Disease') :: ['CDS', 'culture medium sample']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity7674 :: (MESH:D016136,Disease) :: ['cultured dermal substitute']


abstract: Allogeneic @entity7674 ( @entity7978 ) was prepared by culturing fibroblasts on a two-layered spongy matrix of hyaluronic acid and atelocollagen. @entity7978 can be cryopreserved and transported to other hospitals in a frozen state. The present study was designed to analyze the amounts of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) released from fibroblasts in fresh and cryopreserved @entity7978 and to investigate the effects of this @entity7 on proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro. The culture medium used in preparing @entity7978 (fresh @entity7978 @entity7978 ) was collected and stored at -30 degrees C for the quantitative analysis of @entity7 . After thawing cryopreserved @entity7978 , it was recultured in a culture medium for 1 week. The culture medium used was collected and stored at -30 degrees C for quantitative analysis of @entity7 . The amounts of @entity7 released from the fresh and cryopreserved @entity7978 into the culture medium were about 610 pg/ml and 640 pg/ml, respectively. This finding suggests that the cryopreserved @entity7978 retains its ability to release @entity7 . Immunohistological analysis indicated that some of the @entity7 adhered to the matrix. @entity1 vascular endothelial cells were cultured in medium mixed with the fresh or cryopreserved @entity7978 @entity7978 . Proliferation of vascular endothelial cells was enhanced by increasing the concentration of both @entity7978 culture medium samples. When antihuman @entity7 antibody was added to the culture medium, the proliferative activity of vascular endothelial cells was reduced. These findings confirm that @entity7 released from @entity7978 promotes proliferation of vascular endothelial cells.

title: Effects of XXXX released from @entity7674 on proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in vitro.

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish the optimal management strategy of @entity384 ( @entity384 ) in early infancy. METHODS: Over the last 15 years, 14 @entity1 with @entity384 in early infancy (within 5 months), including 3 antenatally diagnosed @entity1 , were treated in the authors' department. Of the 14 @entity1 , 7 (50%) underwent early definitive surgery (E group), and the other 7 (50%) underwent delayed primary definitive surgery after percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD; D group). Both groups were compared retrospectively using clinical data. RESULTS: Pretreatment status and backgrounds of the @entity1 were clinically homogeneous between the 2 groups. The total length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the D group. As short-term complications, 1 @entity1 in the E group was compromised with hepatolithiasis, and 3 @entity1 in the D group were compromised with catheter-related complications. Other clinical data, such as age at definitive surgery, @entity190 , pathologic @entity1575 , @entity1087 -free day, and long-term complications were not significantly different between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The authors propose that the standard of management should be early definitive surgery with wide @entity254 before 2 months of age. However, PTCD might be used under strict consideration of indication and careful management for @entity1 with extremely poor surgical risk.

title: Strategy of management for XXXX in early infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congenital biliary dilatation', 'CBD']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis of the liver']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['congenital biliary dilatation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of port site metastasis in laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 @entity1 is a problem that has yet to be resolved. We examined the protective effect of a @entity4023 -based bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm) on @entity5 cell implantation at laparoscopic trocar sites. METHODS: Four 2-mm trocar sites were created in @entity19 , and the peritoneal wounds were covered with different-sized pieces of Seprafilm. The protective effect of Seprafilm on the implantation of @entity3970 (a @entity1 @entity1086 cell line) at the trocar sites was assessed after 7 days. In addition, the effects of @entity4023 and Seprafilm on the growth and motility of @entity3970 were examined in vitro. RESULTS: Seprafilm significantly decreased the incidence of implantation compared with the control group. Histologically, Seprafilm was observed on days 1 and 3, as a sheet of gel that covered the injured peritoneum and muscle layer. In an invasion assay using Seprafilm, no cells were found to infiltrate through the gel sheet. CONCLUSION: Seprafilm protects peritoneal wounds by physically covering the injured peritoneum. Therefore, if Seprafilm were attached to the injured peritoneum after laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 @entity1 , it might reduce port site metastasis.

title: Protection of trocar sites from @entity1086 implantation by XXXX carboxymethylcellulose-based bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm) in a @entity19 model [corrected].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity4023 :: (MESH:D006820,Chemical) :: ['sodium hyaluronate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of port site metastasis in laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 @entity1 is a problem that has yet to be resolved. We examined the protective effect of a @entity4023 -based bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm) on @entity5 cell implantation at laparoscopic trocar sites. METHODS: Four 2-mm trocar sites were created in @entity19 , and the peritoneal wounds were covered with different-sized pieces of Seprafilm. The protective effect of Seprafilm on the implantation of @entity3970 (a @entity1 @entity1086 cell line) at the trocar sites was assessed after 7 days. In addition, the effects of @entity4023 and Seprafilm on the growth and motility of @entity3970 were examined in vitro. RESULTS: Seprafilm significantly decreased the incidence of implantation compared with the control group. Histologically, Seprafilm was observed on days 1 and 3, as a sheet of gel that covered the injured peritoneum and muscle layer. In an invasion assay using Seprafilm, no cells were found to infiltrate through the gel sheet. CONCLUSION: Seprafilm protects peritoneal wounds by physically covering the injured peritoneum. Therefore, if Seprafilm were attached to the injured peritoneum after laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 @entity1 , it might reduce port site metastasis.

title: Protection of trocar sites from XXXX implantation by @entity4023 carboxymethylcellulose-based bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm) in a @entity19 model [corrected].

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of port site metastasis in laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 @entity1 is a problem that has yet to be resolved. We examined the protective effect of a @entity4023 -based bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm) on @entity5 cell implantation at laparoscopic trocar sites. METHODS: Four 2-mm trocar sites were created in @entity19 , and the peritoneal wounds were covered with different-sized pieces of Seprafilm. The protective effect of Seprafilm on the implantation of @entity3970 (a @entity1 @entity1086 cell line) at the trocar sites was assessed after 7 days. In addition, the effects of @entity4023 and Seprafilm on the growth and motility of @entity3970 were examined in vitro. RESULTS: Seprafilm significantly decreased the incidence of implantation compared with the control group. Histologically, Seprafilm was observed on days 1 and 3, as a sheet of gel that covered the injured peritoneum and muscle layer. In an invasion assay using Seprafilm, no cells were found to infiltrate through the gel sheet. CONCLUSION: Seprafilm protects peritoneal wounds by physically covering the injured peritoneum. Therefore, if Seprafilm were attached to the injured peritoneum after laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 @entity1 , it might reduce port site metastasis.

title: Protection of trocar sites from @entity1086 implantation by @entity4023 carboxymethylcellulose-based bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm) in a XXXX model [corrected].

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resting regional wall-motion abnormalities do not reliably distinguish @entity63 from nonischemic @entity296 . @entity452 stress echocardiography with use of the @entity11535 ( @entity11535 ) identifies @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity384 ( @entity384 ), but the technique is subjective and further complicated by @entity714 ( @entity714 ). Long-axis motion is sensitive to @entity63 and can be assessed quantitatively. We aimed to compare long-axis function with @entity11535 for detecting @entity453 in @entity384 with or without @entity714 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 with @entity384 , 48 with @entity453 (16 with @entity714 ), and 25 without @entity453 (10 with @entity714 ) were studied. Long-axis M-mode, pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echograms (lateral, septal, and posterior walls), and @entity11535 were assessed at rest and at peak dobutamine stress. Failure to increase systolic amplitude (total amplitude minus postejection shortening) by 2 mm or early diastolic velocity by 1.1 cm/s was the best discriminator for @entity453 (systolic amplitude, sensitivity 85%, specificity 86%; lengthening velocity, 71% and 94%, respectively; P=NS). Both had greater predictive accuracy than did @entity11535 (sensitivity 67%, specificity 76%; P<0.001). The predictive accuracy of changes in septal long-axis function was similar to those of average long-axis function (systolic amplitude cutoff=1.5 mm, lengthening velocity cutoff=1.5 cm/s). However in @entity714 , systolic amplitude proved to be the only significant discriminator for @entity453 , with sensitivity and specificity reaching 94% and 100%, respectively (P<0.01 versus early diastolic lengthening velocity). CONCLUSIONS: Quantified stress long-axis function identifies @entity453 in @entity384 with greater sensitivity and specificity than does standard @entity11535 , particularly in the presence of @entity714 .

title: Differentiation of @entity63 from nonischemic XXXX during @entity452 stress by left ventricular long-axis function: additional effect of @entity714 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle-branch block', 'LBBB']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['wall-motion score index', 'WMSI']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resting regional wall-motion abnormalities do not reliably distinguish @entity63 from nonischemic @entity296 . @entity452 stress echocardiography with use of the @entity11535 ( @entity11535 ) identifies @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity384 ( @entity384 ), but the technique is subjective and further complicated by @entity714 ( @entity714 ). Long-axis motion is sensitive to @entity63 and can be assessed quantitatively. We aimed to compare long-axis function with @entity11535 for detecting @entity453 in @entity384 with or without @entity714 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 with @entity384 , 48 with @entity453 (16 with @entity714 ), and 25 without @entity453 (10 with @entity714 ) were studied. Long-axis M-mode, pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echograms (lateral, septal, and posterior walls), and @entity11535 were assessed at rest and at peak dobutamine stress. Failure to increase systolic amplitude (total amplitude minus postejection shortening) by 2 mm or early diastolic velocity by 1.1 cm/s was the best discriminator for @entity453 (systolic amplitude, sensitivity 85%, specificity 86%; lengthening velocity, 71% and 94%, respectively; P=NS). Both had greater predictive accuracy than did @entity11535 (sensitivity 67%, specificity 76%; P<0.001). The predictive accuracy of changes in septal long-axis function was similar to those of average long-axis function (systolic amplitude cutoff=1.5 mm, lengthening velocity cutoff=1.5 cm/s). However in @entity714 , systolic amplitude proved to be the only significant discriminator for @entity453 , with sensitivity and specificity reaching 94% and 100%, respectively (P<0.01 versus early diastolic lengthening velocity). CONCLUSIONS: Quantified stress long-axis function identifies @entity453 in @entity384 with greater sensitivity and specificity than does standard @entity11535 , particularly in the presence of @entity714 .

title: Differentiation of @entity63 from nonischemic @entity296 during XXXX stress by left ventricular long-axis function: additional effect of @entity714 .

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resting regional wall-motion abnormalities do not reliably distinguish @entity63 from nonischemic @entity296 . @entity452 stress echocardiography with use of the @entity11535 ( @entity11535 ) identifies @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity384 ( @entity384 ), but the technique is subjective and further complicated by @entity714 ( @entity714 ). Long-axis motion is sensitive to @entity63 and can be assessed quantitatively. We aimed to compare long-axis function with @entity11535 for detecting @entity453 in @entity384 with or without @entity714 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 with @entity384 , 48 with @entity453 (16 with @entity714 ), and 25 without @entity453 (10 with @entity714 ) were studied. Long-axis M-mode, pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echograms (lateral, septal, and posterior walls), and @entity11535 were assessed at rest and at peak dobutamine stress. Failure to increase systolic amplitude (total amplitude minus postejection shortening) by 2 mm or early diastolic velocity by 1.1 cm/s was the best discriminator for @entity453 (systolic amplitude, sensitivity 85%, specificity 86%; lengthening velocity, 71% and 94%, respectively; P=NS). Both had greater predictive accuracy than did @entity11535 (sensitivity 67%, specificity 76%; P<0.001). The predictive accuracy of changes in septal long-axis function was similar to those of average long-axis function (systolic amplitude cutoff=1.5 mm, lengthening velocity cutoff=1.5 cm/s). However in @entity714 , systolic amplitude proved to be the only significant discriminator for @entity453 , with sensitivity and specificity reaching 94% and 100%, respectively (P<0.01 versus early diastolic lengthening velocity). CONCLUSIONS: Quantified stress long-axis function identifies @entity453 in @entity384 with greater sensitivity and specificity than does standard @entity11535 , particularly in the presence of @entity714 .

title: Differentiation of XXXX from nonischemic @entity296 during @entity452 stress by left ventricular long-axis function: additional effect of @entity714 .

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resting regional wall-motion abnormalities do not reliably distinguish @entity63 from nonischemic @entity296 . @entity452 stress echocardiography with use of the @entity11535 ( @entity11535 ) identifies @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in @entity384 ( @entity384 ), but the technique is subjective and further complicated by @entity714 ( @entity714 ). Long-axis motion is sensitive to @entity63 and can be assessed quantitatively. We aimed to compare long-axis function with @entity11535 for detecting @entity453 in @entity384 with or without @entity714 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity1 with @entity384 , 48 with @entity453 (16 with @entity714 ), and 25 without @entity453 (10 with @entity714 ) were studied. Long-axis M-mode, pulsed-wave tissue Doppler echograms (lateral, septal, and posterior walls), and @entity11535 were assessed at rest and at peak dobutamine stress. Failure to increase systolic amplitude (total amplitude minus postejection shortening) by 2 mm or early diastolic velocity by 1.1 cm/s was the best discriminator for @entity453 (systolic amplitude, sensitivity 85%, specificity 86%; lengthening velocity, 71% and 94%, respectively; P=NS). Both had greater predictive accuracy than did @entity11535 (sensitivity 67%, specificity 76%; P<0.001). The predictive accuracy of changes in septal long-axis function was similar to those of average long-axis function (systolic amplitude cutoff=1.5 mm, lengthening velocity cutoff=1.5 cm/s). However in @entity714 , systolic amplitude proved to be the only significant discriminator for @entity453 , with sensitivity and specificity reaching 94% and 100%, respectively (P<0.01 versus early diastolic lengthening velocity). CONCLUSIONS: Quantified stress long-axis function identifies @entity453 in @entity384 with greater sensitivity and specificity than does standard @entity11535 , particularly in the presence of @entity714 .

title: Differentiation of @entity63 from nonischemic @entity296 during @entity452 stress by left ventricular long-axis function: additional effect of XXXX .

answer: @entity714 :: (MESH:D002037,Disease) :: ['left bundle-branch block']


abstract: To evaluate the possibility that @entity11674 (S.z) the causative bacterial agent of @entity1641 @entity38443 (ESFP), as well as to investigate its pathogenesis, 10 @entity1641 (seven Thoroughbreds and three Anglo-Arab species, ranging from 2-4 years in age) were experimentally inoculated, via an endoscope, into bronchus of the lung lobe with a dose of 30 ml of 1-7 x 10(8) CFU/ml of S.z. After inoculation, autopsy and pathological examinations were sequentially conducted 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 17, 20 hr and 2 weeks later. @entity55 induced by the intrapulmonary inoculation of S.z was characterized by small purulent pneumonic foci in the inoculated areas. With the lapse of time, these foci developed into @entity548 , @entity548 , and then purulent, coagulation @entity39 . These pathomorphological characteristics of experimental @entity55 closely resemble those naturally occurring ESFP. There is strong evidence that S.z. is implicated as a causal factor in ESFP. S.z. grew in the mucus, exudate, and pulmonary effusions. Further, the bacteria showed resistance against phagocytosis by @entity358 ( @entity358 ) and neutrophils. Inhibition of @entity358 and neutrophil function is considered to be important in the development of @entity55 . With the progression of the disease, the neutrophils often adhered to the endothelial surface of the alveolar capillary lumen and played a role in generating coagulation @entity39 of lung tissues.

title: XXXX in @entity1641 induced by intrapulmonary inoculation of Streptococcus equi subsp. @entity11674 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['serous hemorrhagic pneumonia', 'hemorrhagic purulent pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic pneumonia', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity38443 :: ('MESH:D012766', 'Disease') :: ['shipping fever pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar macrophages', 'PAM']

entities_list: @entity11674 :: ('40041', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Pneumonia']


abstract: To evaluate the possibility that @entity11674 (S.z) the causative bacterial agent of @entity1641 @entity38443 (ESFP), as well as to investigate its pathogenesis, 10 @entity1641 (seven Thoroughbreds and three Anglo-Arab species, ranging from 2-4 years in age) were experimentally inoculated, via an endoscope, into bronchus of the lung lobe with a dose of 30 ml of 1-7 x 10(8) CFU/ml of S.z. After inoculation, autopsy and pathological examinations were sequentially conducted 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 17, 20 hr and 2 weeks later. @entity55 induced by the intrapulmonary inoculation of S.z was characterized by small purulent pneumonic foci in the inoculated areas. With the lapse of time, these foci developed into @entity548 , @entity548 , and then purulent, coagulation @entity39 . These pathomorphological characteristics of experimental @entity55 closely resemble those naturally occurring ESFP. There is strong evidence that S.z. is implicated as a causal factor in ESFP. S.z. grew in the mucus, exudate, and pulmonary effusions. Further, the bacteria showed resistance against phagocytosis by @entity358 ( @entity358 ) and neutrophils. Inhibition of @entity358 and neutrophil function is considered to be important in the development of @entity55 . With the progression of the disease, the neutrophils often adhered to the endothelial surface of the alveolar capillary lumen and played a role in generating coagulation @entity39 of lung tissues.

title: @entity55 in @entity1641 induced by intrapulmonary inoculation of Streptococcus equi subsp. XXXX .

answer: @entity11674 :: (40041,Species) :: ['zooepidemicus']


abstract: To evaluate the possibility that @entity11674 (S.z) the causative bacterial agent of @entity1641 @entity38443 (ESFP), as well as to investigate its pathogenesis, 10 @entity1641 (seven Thoroughbreds and three Anglo-Arab species, ranging from 2-4 years in age) were experimentally inoculated, via an endoscope, into bronchus of the lung lobe with a dose of 30 ml of 1-7 x 10(8) CFU/ml of S.z. After inoculation, autopsy and pathological examinations were sequentially conducted 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 17, 20 hr and 2 weeks later. @entity55 induced by the intrapulmonary inoculation of S.z was characterized by small purulent pneumonic foci in the inoculated areas. With the lapse of time, these foci developed into @entity548 , @entity548 , and then purulent, coagulation @entity39 . These pathomorphological characteristics of experimental @entity55 closely resemble those naturally occurring ESFP. There is strong evidence that S.z. is implicated as a causal factor in ESFP. S.z. grew in the mucus, exudate, and pulmonary effusions. Further, the bacteria showed resistance against phagocytosis by @entity358 ( @entity358 ) and neutrophils. Inhibition of @entity358 and neutrophil function is considered to be important in the development of @entity55 . With the progression of the disease, the neutrophils often adhered to the endothelial surface of the alveolar capillary lumen and played a role in generating coagulation @entity39 of lung tissues.

title: @entity55 in XXXX induced by intrapulmonary inoculation of Streptococcus equi subsp. @entity11674 .

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate recent data provided on new treatments of @entity1 with @entity326 . DATA EXTRACTION: A Medline search was performed to identify pertinent literature on the pathophysiology of @entity326 and treatment strategies from 1990 to 2003. Keywords were " @entity326 ", " @entity295 ", " @entity32 " and "management". DATA SYNTHESIS: Advances were performed in our current understanding of pathophysiology of @entity295 . The loss of homeostatic balance among the systemic inflammatory response and the disturbance of coagulation with generalized @entity1003 lead to organ failures and @entity204 . The administration of activated protein C (drotrecogin alfa) reducing this @entity1003 can decrease the mortality of @entity326 @entity1 . The modulation of @entity32 did not make it possible to improve survival of @entity326 @entity1 until now. The efficacy of low doses of @entity134 has been recently shown in @entity326 @entity1 . In addition, new data highlighted the interest of an early goal therapy in @entity1 with @entity295 who are admitted to emergency. CONCLUSION: The improvement of survival in @entity5414 @entity1 is a difficult challenge. The uses of different new therapeutic options like protein C reactive, @entity230 , or early goal therapy in association should make it possible to reduce the mortality in septic @entity1 .

title: [Which therapeutic prospects in the XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity5414 :: (MESH:D001170,Disease) :: ['septic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The previous epidemiological study of paediatric @entity1790 in Britain was conducted more than 30 years ago. AIMS: To examine the presenting features, predisposing factors, and treatment strategies used in paediatric stones presenting to a British centre over the past five years. METHODS: A total of 121 @entity1 presented with a urinary tract renal stone, to one adult and one paediatric centre, over a five year period (1997-2001). All @entity1 were reviewed in a dedicated stone clinic and had a full infective and metabolic stone investigative work up. Treatment was assessed by retrospective hospital note review. RESULTS: A metabolic abnormality was found in 44% of @entity1 , 30% were classified as infective, and 26% idiopathic. Bilateral stones on presentation occurred in 26% of the metabolic group compared to 12% in the infective/idiopathic group (odds ratio 2.7, 95% CI 1.03 to 7.02). Coexisting @entity293 was common (49%) in the metabolic group. Surgically, minimally invasive techniques (lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and endoscopy) were used in 68% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: There has been a shift in the epidemiology of @entity8 in the UK over the past 30 years. Underlying metabolic causes are now the most common but can be masked by coexisting @entity293 . Treatment has progressed, especially surgically, with sophisticated minimally invasive techniques now employed. All @entity1 with @entity1290 should have a metabolic screen.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric renal stone disease']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['paediatric renal stone disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: This research describes the family context of eating and mealtime patterns in young adolescents at high risk for @entity164 2 @entity6 and the implications for preventing this disease. METHODS: Ten families, each consisting of a @entity1 and one parent, participated in individual, semistructured interviews that focused on family eating patterns. Topics included meal schedules, food preparation, family eating patterns, school eating patterns, and perception of the @entity1 's weight. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using focused summaries and thematic analysis methods. RESULTS: Four main themes were identified: @entity1 and family eating patterns, perspectives on @entity28 , perspectives on weight control, and health concerns. Family eating patterns were often inconsistent, and few healthy eating models were available at home or school. Obesity was not always seen as a negative factor, particularly by the youth. Weight-control efforts were sporadic, typically unsuccessful, and consisted primarily of intermittent increases in physical activity. Parents did not actively participate in their @entity1 's weight-control efforts. CONCLUSIONS: Effective interventions for @entity28 and prevention of @entity164 2 @entity6 in youth should include parents in both cognitive and behavioral strategies.

title: The family context of an intervention to prevent XXXX 2 @entity6 in high-risk teens.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: PURPOSE: This research describes the family context of eating and mealtime patterns in young adolescents at high risk for @entity164 2 @entity6 and the implications for preventing this disease. METHODS: Ten families, each consisting of a @entity1 and one parent, participated in individual, semistructured interviews that focused on family eating patterns. Topics included meal schedules, food preparation, family eating patterns, school eating patterns, and perception of the @entity1 's weight. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using focused summaries and thematic analysis methods. RESULTS: Four main themes were identified: @entity1 and family eating patterns, perspectives on @entity28 , perspectives on weight control, and health concerns. Family eating patterns were often inconsistent, and few healthy eating models were available at home or school. Obesity was not always seen as a negative factor, particularly by the youth. Weight-control efforts were sporadic, typically unsuccessful, and consisted primarily of intermittent increases in physical activity. Parents did not actively participate in their @entity1 's weight-control efforts. CONCLUSIONS: Effective interventions for @entity28 and prevention of @entity164 2 @entity6 in youth should include parents in both cognitive and behavioral strategies.

title: The family context of an intervention to prevent @entity164 2 XXXX in high-risk teens.

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS: Good glycaemic control in hospitalised @entity1 with @entity6 improves wellbeing and aids recovery. This survey aimed to: (1) assess glycaemic control in @entity1 with @entity6 admitted to hospital for reasons other than @entity6 , (2) compare the glycaemic control in @entity1 treated in medical and surgical units, and (3) see the impact of specialists' input on glycaemic control. METHODS: The first 150 @entity1 admitted to hospital were identified; those with acute metabolic complications of @entity6 , @entity583 , @entity6677 , and @entity1 in different intensive care units were excluded. Case notes were reviewed with particular attention to glycaemic control, frequency of blood monitoring, complications, and the actions taken to improve glycaemic control. RESULTS: Four of the 150 @entity1 died in hospital. When subcutaneous @entity2690 was used glycaemic control was good in 48%, suboptimal in 15%, and poor in 37% of @entity1 . The results were not significantly different with subcutaneous or intravenous @entity2690 . There was also no difference in glycaemic control among medical and surgical @entity1 . @entity1 managed by designated specialists had better control than those managed by physicians (p<0.001). Hypoglycaemia was documented in 20% and two @entity1 developed non-ketotic @entity772 while in hospital. In a few cases treatment at discharge was not changed despite poor control while in hospital. CONCLUSION: More attention should be given to improving glycaemic control in @entity1 hospitalised for reasons other than @entity6 . Particular care should be taken to modify the dose of @entity2690 needed to get good glycaemic control; control was better with specialists' input. A follow up survey will be conducted.

title: Inpatient management of XXXX : survey in a tertiary care centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['pregestational or gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['hyperosmolar coma']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: A retrospective analysis of adult @entity1 who had @entity1669 involvement of bone was done to evaluate the prognostic factors and the oncologic outcome. Between 1984 and 1994, 28 @entity1 (nine @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ) were diagnosed with @entity706 . The median age was 45 years (range, 23-76 years). The median followup was 40.3 months (range, 0.5 months-15.8 years). Eighteen @entity1 (64%) were classified as having Stage IE disease, two @entity1 (36%) were classified as having @entity34 , and eight @entity1 were classified as having Stage IV disease. Twenty-one of the lesions were classified as diffuse large B cell with multilobulated nuclei. Two @entity1 had local recurrence. Three @entity1 had @entity2530 develop at the site of their radiation therapy. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier survival estimate was 57.8% (95% confidence interval range, 40-33 82.8). Statistically improved survival was seen in @entity1 younger than 40 years and those @entity1 with diffuse large B cell with multilobulated nuclei. @entity1 with primary @entity706 did not have a statistically improved survival compared with @entity1 with @entity262 . The results of the current study suggest that age at diagnosis and histologic subtypes are important prognostic factors; however, the diagnosis of primary @entity706 does not confer improved prognosis.

title: Oncologic outcomes of primary XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma of bone']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma of bone']


abstract: The @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) previously also termed smouldering @entity1778 , almost always exhibit myeloid differentiation. Very rare cases of hypocellular @entity3052 with lymphoid differentiation have been reported, usually in @entity1 . This paper describes two cases (an 87-year-old @entity1 and a 79-year-old @entity1 ) in whom the blood findings were suggestive of @entity3052 . @entity982 -embedded bone marrow biopsy specimens revealed similar findings in both @entity1 : there was severe hypocellularity, the cells of normal hemopoiesis were greatly reduced in number, and there was a diffuse increase in blast cells, which represented more than 50% of nucleated marrow cells. The blasts coexpressed @entity10730 and @entity2280 and were negative for @entity3335 , @entity2467 , @entity469 and @entity44004 esterase. For the first time immunohistochemical @entity5953 / @entity2280 doublestainings are provided, which revealed the blasts in one case to coexpress @entity5953 and @entity2280 . All the blasts were @entity7571 -positive and 20% were also @entity2282 -positive. In the other case, 20% of the blasts were @entity7571 -positive, 30% coexpressed @entity5953 and @entity2280 by doublestaining, and showed a clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Thus a diagnosis of @entity3052 of lymphoid lineage, hypocellular variant, was made on the basis of immunohistochemical findings. The clinical course appears to be similar to that of @entity3052 , as neither @entity1 has developed @entity1778 during the one-year follow-up period.

title: Adult hypocellular acute XXXX with lymphoid differentiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity44004 :: ('MESH:C042843', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthol AS-D chloroacetate']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'hypocellular AML', 'rare hypocellular variants of acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'overt leukemia']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: The open morphogenesis of plants requires coordination of patterning by intercellular signals. The @entity286 ( @entity286 cv Virginia Bright Italia) cell line VBI-0 provides a simple model system to study the role of intercellular communication in patterning. In this cell line, singular cells divide axially to produce linear cell files of distinct polarity. The trigger for this axial division is exogenous auxin. When frequency distributions of files are constructed over the number of cells per file during the exponential phase of the culture, even numbers are found to be frequent, whereas files consisting of uneven numbers of cells are rare. We can simulate these distributions with a mathematical model derived from nonlinear dynamics, which describes a chain of cell-division oscillators where @entity1833 are coupled unidirectionally and where the number of oscillators is not conserved. The model predicts several nonintuitive properties of our experimental system. For instance, files consisting of six cells are more frequent than expected from a strictly binary division system. More centrally, the model predicts a polar transport of the coordinating signal. We therefore tested the patterns obtained after treatment with @entity5563 , an inhibitor of auxin efflux carriers. Using low concentrations of @entity5563 that leave cell division and axiality of division unaltered, we observe that the frequencies of files with even and uneven cell numbers are equalized. Our findings are discussed in the context of auxin transport as synchronizing signal in cell patterning.

title: Auxin transport synchronizes the pattern of cell division in a XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['elementary oscillators']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum', 'tobacco']

entities_list: @entity5563 :: ('CHEBI:60833', 'Chemical') :: ['1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: @entity12357 has caused debilitating illness since pre-Incan times, but relatively little is known about its epidemiology. A population-based, prospective cohort investigation was conducted in a Peruvian community with @entity12358 . By use of house-to-house and hospital surveillance methods, cohort @entity1 were monitored for evidence of @entity12358 . Of 690 @entity1 , 0.5% had asymptomatic @entity2259 at study initiation. After 2 years of follow-up, the incidence of @entity281 was 12.7/100 @entity1 -years. The highest rates were in @entity1 <5 years old, and there was a linear decrease in incidence with increasing age. Seventy percent of cases were clustered in 18% of households. Age and @entity12358 in a family member were the best predictors of @entity12357 @entity281 . There were multiple clinical presentations and significant @entity4092 . A cost-effective control strategy should include vector control and surveillance efforts focused on @entity1 and clusters of households with highest endemicity.

title: Epidemiology of endemic XXXX : a prospective cohort study in a Peruvian mountain valley community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity12357 :: ('774', 'Species') :: ['B. bacilliformis', 'Bartonella bacilliformis']

entities_list: @entity12358 :: ('MESH:D001474', 'Disease') :: ['endemic bartonellosis', 'bartonellosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical infection']

answer: @entity12357 :: (774,Species) :: ['Bartonella bacilliformis']


abstract: The mechanisms orchestrating spatial cell division control remain poorly understood. In animal cells, the position of the mitotic spindle dictates cleavage furrow placement, and thus plays a key role in governing spatial relationships between resulting daughter cells. The one-cell stage @entity2199 embryo is an attractive model system to investigate the mechanisms underlying spindle positioning in metazoans. In this review, the experimental advantages of this model system for an in vivo dissection of cell division processes are first discussed. Next, three lines of experiments that were conducted to dissect the mechanisms governing spindle positioning in one-cell stage @entity2199 embryos are summarized. First, localized laser micro-irradiations were utilized to identify the forces acting on spindle poles during anaphase. This work revealed that there is a precise imbalance of pulling forces acting on the two spindle poles, with the forces acting on the posterior spindle pole being in slight excess, thus explaining the asymmetric spindle position achieved by the end of anaphase. Second, an RNAi-based functional genomic screen was carried out to identify novel components required for generating these pulling forces. This uncovered that @entity69218 / @entity69219 , which encode GoLoco-containing proteins, as well as the previously identified Ga subunits goa-1/ @entity69221 , are required for generation of pulling forces on the spindle poles. Third, the @entity70544 locus was identified by mutational analysis to play a distinct role during anaphase spindle positioning. @entity70544 was found to encode a protein related to @entity1 @entity15590 , which is affected in @entity1 with @entity12198 . Moreover, @entity70544 is a @entity70545 that stabilizes microtubules against depolymerization. Together, these experimental approaches contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms orchestrating spatial cell division control in metazoan organisms.

title: [Mechanisms of cell division: lessons from a XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity12198 :: ('MESH:D054081', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal migration disorders']

entities_list: @entity70545 :: ('175230(Tax:6239)', 'Gene') :: ['microtubule-associated protein']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematode']


abstract: Pericytes are an integral component of blood capillaries, but their involvement in a variety of conditions and diseases, including @entity101 and @entity15 , is poorly understood. In order to analyze the mRNA expression of markers related to @entity101 and @entity15 in @entity35 brain pericytes, we have established brain capillary pericyte cell lines from temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen transgenic @entity35 . The newly established clones showed similar biochemical and morphological properties to primary pericytes. The expression of endothelial cell-related markers @entity25603 , @entity12186 , @entity43012 , and @entity26081 was evaluated by RT-PCR analysis. beta2-Adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR), @entity1809 ( @entity1809 ), and klotho were also evaluated as markers related to @entity101 and @entity15 . All of the isolated clones expressed beta2-AR, @entity1809 and klotho genes. They also stably expressed @entity25603 and @entity26081 , while @entity12186 , @entity43012 and @entity9018 were expressed only at low levels in some of the clones. The expressions of @entity1809 in TR-PCT1 were determined by Western blotting. @entity1808 stimulated migration of pericytes. This effect was blocked by an @entity1809 antagonist. The pericyte cell lines established here are pluripotent, and should be useful for analysis of the reactivity and biological roles of pericytes.

title: @entity35 brain pericyte cell lines expressing beta2-adrenergic receptor, @entity1808 receptor type 1A, klotho, and XXXX mRNAs despite having endothelial cell markers.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1809 :: ('24180(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AT1', 'AT1A', 'angiotensin II receptor type1A']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity9018 :: (60628(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CXCR4']


abstract: Pericytes are an integral component of blood capillaries, but their involvement in a variety of conditions and diseases, including @entity101 and @entity15 , is poorly understood. In order to analyze the mRNA expression of markers related to @entity101 and @entity15 in @entity35 brain pericytes, we have established brain capillary pericyte cell lines from temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen transgenic @entity35 . The newly established clones showed similar biochemical and morphological properties to primary pericytes. The expression of endothelial cell-related markers @entity25603 , @entity12186 , @entity43012 , and @entity26081 was evaluated by RT-PCR analysis. beta2-Adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR), @entity1809 ( @entity1809 ), and klotho were also evaluated as markers related to @entity101 and @entity15 . All of the isolated clones expressed beta2-AR, @entity1809 and klotho genes. They also stably expressed @entity25603 and @entity26081 , while @entity12186 , @entity43012 and @entity9018 were expressed only at low levels in some of the clones. The expressions of @entity1809 in TR-PCT1 were determined by Western blotting. @entity1808 stimulated migration of pericytes. This effect was blocked by an @entity1809 antagonist. The pericyte cell lines established here are pluripotent, and should be useful for analysis of the reactivity and biological roles of pericytes.

title: @entity35 brain pericyte cell lines expressing beta2-adrenergic receptor, XXXX receptor type 1A, klotho, and @entity9018 mRNAs despite having endothelial cell markers.

answer: @entity1808 :: (24179(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: Pericytes are an integral component of blood capillaries, but their involvement in a variety of conditions and diseases, including @entity101 and @entity15 , is poorly understood. In order to analyze the mRNA expression of markers related to @entity101 and @entity15 in @entity35 brain pericytes, we have established brain capillary pericyte cell lines from temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen transgenic @entity35 . The newly established clones showed similar biochemical and morphological properties to primary pericytes. The expression of endothelial cell-related markers @entity25603 , @entity12186 , @entity43012 , and @entity26081 was evaluated by RT-PCR analysis. beta2-Adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR), @entity1809 ( @entity1809 ), and klotho were also evaluated as markers related to @entity101 and @entity15 . All of the isolated clones expressed beta2-AR, @entity1809 and klotho genes. They also stably expressed @entity25603 and @entity26081 , while @entity12186 , @entity43012 and @entity9018 were expressed only at low levels in some of the clones. The expressions of @entity1809 in TR-PCT1 were determined by Western blotting. @entity1808 stimulated migration of pericytes. This effect was blocked by an @entity1809 antagonist. The pericyte cell lines established here are pluripotent, and should be useful for analysis of the reactivity and biological roles of pericytes.

title: XXXX brain pericyte cell lines expressing beta2-adrenergic receptor, @entity1808 receptor type 1A, klotho, and @entity9018 mRNAs despite having endothelial cell markers.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: In analysis of the integrated program of the Maternal @entity1 Health Program the need for protection against disease and pre and post-natal care were highlighted. The data analysed came from the district of Sultanpar in Uttar Pradesh, India. The reference period was from 1st April 1976 to 15th January 1978. The Auxiliary Nurse Midwife is expected to provide services for about 5 villages, with the help of trained dais (midwives). In order to assess program effectiveness data was collected from cards kept on mothers and @entity1 by the @entity33197 . It was found that 70% of births were not registered by the @entity33197 and so did not receive @entity27127 services; the majority of deliveries were still conducted by untrained dais, not the @entity33197 . Though the ante-natal immunization for @entity116 and @entity1501 tablets against @entity417 are a very important aspect of maternal- @entity1 services the majority of @entity1 were not so protected. Very few @entity1 received Diptheria, Polio, @entity116 immunization. This may be due to the reluctance on the part of the parents to immunize their @entity1 in the 1st year of life. It is also stated that the stress on acceptance of family planning may be to the detriment of the @entity27127 programs. It is suggested that the trained dai work closely with the @entity33197 . The medical training officer of the primary health center should work out the most effective approach for such cooperation. Strict and careful supervision would also be effective. The @entity116 toxoid immunization should be streamlined for maximum coverage. Awareness of the necessity of immunization should be created through media and publicity programs.

title: Effectiveness of auxiliary nurse midwife in delivering XXXX service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['Folic Acid']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'Tetanus']

answer: @entity27127 :: (5367,Gene) :: ['MCH']