abstract: We recently reported that female @entity1 with @entity4614 receiving controlled thyroid and @entity134 hormone substitution, but without GH replacement, had a more than 2-fold increase in cardiovascular mortality compared to the general population. In the present study we investigated the incidence of @entity65 as well as the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in 33 females with @entity4614 for 6-46 yr (median, 18) compared to those in 33 control subjects recruited from the general population in the same geographical area and matched for sex, age, smoking habits, educational level, and residence location. The @entity1 were with a very high probability GH deficient, as 29 had subnormal serum insulin-like growth factor I levels, and the other 4 were GH deficient, as assessed by an insulin tolerance test. The incidence of @entity65 was significantly higher among the hypopituitary @entity1 (incidence ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-11.3), and the consumption of cardioactive drugs was also significantly higher (P = 0.002). Hypopituitary @entity1 had a lower degree of physical exercise during their spare time (P = 0.02), a higher waist/hip ratio (P = 0.01), lower high density lipoprotein @entity165 (P = 0.002), and higher low density/high density lipoprotein ratio (P = 0.009). Furthermore, the @entity1 had a significantly increased left atrium size (P = 0.05), but no difference was observed for other cardiac measures. In the patients, serum insulin-like growth factor I levels significantly correlated with left ventricular mass index (r = 0.48; P = 0.006), suggesting that GH has a strong impact on cardiac size. More episodes of @entity1168 (P = 0.05), but no increased occurrence of extrasystolies, were encountered in the @entity1 during 24-h continuous electrocardiogram monitoring. Carotid artery intima-media thickness and plaque numbers did not differ between @entity1 and controls. In conclusion, hypopituitary females exhibit an increased incidence of @entity65 , higher cardioactive drug consumption, and an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The @entity65 could not be ascribed to inadequate @entity172 or thyroid hormone treatment, and @entity2338 is probably an important contributing factor.

title: Hypopituitary females have a high incidence of XXXX and an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['unsubstituted GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'increased cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rare variants of @entity1201 pose a diagnostic challenge even to astute clinicians and @entity1201 is one such form of disease with unique clinical and histopathological features. There are very few large series on this entity, mainly reported from India. OBJECTIVES: To study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1201 . METHODS: We undertook this retrospective study including @entity1 registered with the @entity1201 clinic of our tertiary care referral centre from January 1991 to December 2006. Data regarding demographic details, clinical features, treatment, complications and course following treatment were extracted from the records of the @entity1201 clinic. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1201 among the registered @entity1 of our clinic was 1.8% (40 of 2150). There was a significant male preponderance with a male/female ratio of 5.7 : 1. The anatomical areas of involvement were thighs/buttocks (67.5%), arms (62.5%), back (52.5%), face (47.5%), forearms (47.5%) and legs (35%) in descending order of frequency. This variety of @entity1201 was found most commonly in @entity1 with a primary diagnosis of @entity1203 (40%). De novo histoid lesions, i.e. lesions of @entity1201 developing without evidence of lesions of other types of @entity1201 in the Ridley-Jopling classification, appeared in 12.5% of @entity1 only. Only three @entity1 had received antileprosy treatment before presentation. Episodes of @entity5406 ( @entity5406 ) had occurred in 40% of @entity1 , although only one @entity1 manifested @entity5406 after the diagnosis of @entity1201 . The disease responded satisfactorily to the respective World Health Organization multidrug therapy regimens in all except in one @entity1 who relapsed with @entity1202 . CONCLUSIONS: As the bacillary load is very high in these @entity1 , they can form a potential reservoir of the infection in the community especially in the postleprosy elimination era. Contrary to the earlier belief in the dapsone era, most of our @entity1 @entity66 without any history of inadequate or incomplete antileprosy therapy.

title: XXXX : a retrospective study of 40 cases from India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['manifested disease']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['histoid leprosy', 'leprosy']

entities_list: @entity1202 :: ('MESH:D056006', 'Disease') :: ['borderline lepromatous leprosy']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum leprosum', 'ENL']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous leprosy']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['Histoid leprosy']


abstract: A chimeric @entity19 model has been used to determine the effect of aging on the differentiation of CD8+ T cells and on the regeneration capacity of the mature peripheral T cell pool after radiation induced depletion. Bone marrow cells from @entity3512 + @entity19 were transplanted into lethally irradiated young or aged @entity19 ( @entity3512 +). After 6 weeks, splenic CD8+ T cells were subjected to phenotypic and functional examinations by flow cytometry. Both young and aged @entity19 were able to develop donor derived ( @entity3512 +) CD8+ T cells. Although the absolute number of T cells was reduced in aged recipients, the ratio of @entity1961 + to CD8+ T cells of donor-origin was the same in young @entity3512 + control @entity19 as it was in both young and aged chimeric @entity19 , indicating that aging has no effect on the ratio of @entity1961 + to CD8+ T cells produced by the thymus. However, the percentage of CD8+ cells in the total @entity3512 + (host-origin) T cell population was significantly higher in young chimeric @entity19 than in age-matched @entity3512 + control @entity19 (P < 0.01), suggesting that a significant over expansion of the @entity3512 + CD8+ subset occurred in young @entity19 during regeneration. The @entity3512 + CD8+ T cells that developed in young hosts were of a naive phenotype with a majority of cells expressing a low level of @entity3844 . In contrast, the majority of those that developed in the aged host displayed a memory phenotype with a high percentage of cells being @entity3844 hi. In addition, the production of @entity58 and @entity60 by @entity3512 + CD8+ T cells was affected by the age of the host. A greater fraction of aged @entity3512 + CD8+ T cells could be induced to produce either @entity60 or @entity58 than young CD8+ T cells. These results suggested that the aged microenvironment has a significant effect on newly developed CD8+ T cells and that the age of the microenvironment also influences the regeneration capacity of CD8+ T cells.

title: Aging affects the regeneration of the CD8+ T cell compartment in bone marrow transplanted XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity29654 ( @entity29654 ; ECyd), a @entity14165 analog, has a potent cytotoxic activity against @entity5 cells. We have investigated the @entity5 induced by ECyd, focusing on its molecular mechanisms. In ECyd-treated cells, @entity30615 is activated and involved in @entity4675 ( @entity4675 ) phosphorylation, followed by induction of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. The mechanism of @entity4675 phophorylation by @entity30615 was unknown. To investigate the mechanism, we performed the identification of @entity30615 -binding partners by proteomic approach using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. We found that @entity30615 was associated with a protein (we named it Protein-190). At the same time, we observed that Protein-190 was amply phosphorylated. Furthermore, the participation of Protein-190 in the ECyd-induced apoptosis was supported by a knockdown experiment using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Thus, the number of ECyd-induced apoptotic cells was drastically decreased when Protein-190 was knocked-down. These results indicated Protein-190 as a regulator in apoptosis, and provide the possibility for a new clinical target in @entity5 chemotherapy.

title: Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-cell death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity29654 :: ('MESH:C103084', 'Chemical') :: ['1-(3-C-Ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine', "3'-Ethynylcytidine"]

entities_list: @entity14165 :: ('CHEBI:18254', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity4675 :: ('5599', 'Gene') :: ['JNK', 'c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase']

answer: @entity29654 :: (MESH:C103084,Chemical) :: ['3'-ethynylcytidine']


abstract: From 2000 to 2005, a total of 1,096 @entity9488 were diagnosed either by isolation of virus from cell culture or by RT-PCR (5'non-coding region (NCR)). Typing of viruses (n = 674) was carried out by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, neutralization test or molecular methods. Seasons with high enterovirus activity were characterized by high prevalence of echovirus 30 (62.2% in 2000, 25.5% in 2001) and echovirus 13 (34.5% in 2001). In contrast, in the 2003 season, which had very low enterovirus activity, these types were rare. During this season, cell culture sensitivity ( @entity1 @entity694 cells and @entity1 @entity358 (HEL)) was exceptionally low. In order to determine the type of "non-cultivable" enteroviruses, purified RNA from selected stool samples was subjected to direct molecular typing. VP1/2A-specific fragments were amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and sequenced. The predominant virus identified was coxsackie A. Consequently, rhabdomyosarcom cells were introduced into the daily routine, which improved the isolation of enteroviruses. Echovirus 30 was again most commonly isolated during seasons 2004 and 2005 with increasing enterovirus activity. In conclusion, high prevalence of echovirus 30 and 13 is indicative of seasons with high enterovirus activity. The type of circulating enteroviruses may influence isolation of enterovirus from cell culture. RT-PCR (VP1/2A) combined with cloning and sequencing of amplicons is a useful tool for viral typing directly from stool samples. In cases of severe @entity9488 , virological diagnosis should not solely rely on virus isolation from cell culture.

title: Epidemiologic aspects and laboratory features of XXXX in Western Germany, 2000-2005.

entities_list: @entity9488 :: ('MESH:D004769', 'Disease') :: ['enterovirus infection', 'enterovirus infections']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lung fibroblasts']

answer: @entity9488 :: (MESH:D004769,Disease) :: ['enterovirus infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognosis of asymptomatic @entity432 . BACKGROUND: As opposed to symptomatic @entity432 , little information is available on the prognosis of asymptomatic @entity432 . METHOD: Thirty never-symptomatic and 81 symptomatic @entity1 with @entity432 underwent baseline assessment of 15 risk factors together with PET measurements of @entity26 extraction fraction (OEF). Every 6-month telephone contact recorded interval medical treatment and subsequent @entity64 occurrence during an average follow-up of 32 months. @entity1 , treating physicians, and an end point adjudicator were blinded to PET results. RESULTS: @entity385 occurred in 1 of 30 of never-symptomatic @entity1 (3.3%) and 15 of 81 of symptomatic @entity1 (18.5%; p = 0.03). No @entity64 in the carotid territory distal to the occluded vessel occurred in the never-symptomatic @entity1 . Multivariate analysis of baseline risk factors for all 111 @entity1 revealed that age, plasma @entity2002 level, and PET findings of high OEF distal to the occluded carotid artery were the only independent predictors of subsequent @entity64 (p < 0.05). Previous ipsilateral hemispheric or retinal symptoms was not a significant predictive variable. The lower risk of @entity64 in never-symptomatic @entity1 was associated with a lower incidence of high OEF (4 of 30) as opposed to symptomatic @entity1 (39 of 81; p = 0.002), but there was no significant difference in age or @entity2002 level. CONCLUSIONS: Never-symptomatic @entity432 carries a very low risk of subsequent @entity385 . This benign prognosis is associated with a low incidence of cerebral hemodynamic compromise in these @entity1 . These data support further the importance of hemodynamic factors in the pathogenesis of @entity385 in @entity1 with @entity432 .

title: Benign prognosis of never-symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery occlusion', 'carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['carotid occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The evaluation of the @entity1 through a comprehensive history and physical examination is considered the cornerstone of medical diagnosis, but many studies suggest that physicians have inadequate physical examination skills. It is unknown whether these skills are reliable and whether they can be adequately acquired through training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the clinician to detect the presence and discriminate the extent of clinical @entity417 , @entity221 , and @entity1087 in an @entity2613 or hospitalized @entity1 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of @entity1 presenting to the @entity2613 or admitted to the hospital who had a rectal temperature measurement within 30 minutes prior to the observation, serum hematocrit measurement on the day of observation, or serum @entity648 measurement one day prior to the day of observation. Observers' (emergency medicine attending physicians', resident physicians', and rotating medical students') estimated serum hematocrit, rectal temperature, and serum @entity648 values were obtained after each observation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and mean absolute difference between actual and estimated values were calculated for each observer. RESULTS: The physicians detected the presence or absence of @entity417 , @entity221 , and @entity1087 in @entity1 with sensitivities and specificities of approximately 70%. Their predictions varied from the measured value on average by 6.0 +/- 4.6% for serum hematocrit, 1.3 + 1.1 degrees F for rectal temperature, and 3.4 +/- 5.3 mg/dL for serum @entity648 . Observer accuracy decreased when evaluating @entity1 with high and low measured values. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to correctly perform and interpret the physical examination appears to be independent of the observer level of training, @entity1 ethnicity, or @entity1 gender. The examination for pallor, warmth, and @entity1087 is unreliable in predicting the corresponding laboratory or electronic measurement. Certain anemic, febrile, or @entity1087 @entity1 may not be reliably detected solely by a focused physical examination.

title: Evaluation of the physician's ability to recognize the presence or absence of @entity417 , @entity221 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

answer: @entity1087 :: (MESH:D007565,Disease) :: ['jaundice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The evaluation of the @entity1 through a comprehensive history and physical examination is considered the cornerstone of medical diagnosis, but many studies suggest that physicians have inadequate physical examination skills. It is unknown whether these skills are reliable and whether they can be adequately acquired through training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the clinician to detect the presence and discriminate the extent of clinical @entity417 , @entity221 , and @entity1087 in an @entity2613 or hospitalized @entity1 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of @entity1 presenting to the @entity2613 or admitted to the hospital who had a rectal temperature measurement within 30 minutes prior to the observation, serum hematocrit measurement on the day of observation, or serum @entity648 measurement one day prior to the day of observation. Observers' (emergency medicine attending physicians', resident physicians', and rotating medical students') estimated serum hematocrit, rectal temperature, and serum @entity648 values were obtained after each observation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and mean absolute difference between actual and estimated values were calculated for each observer. RESULTS: The physicians detected the presence or absence of @entity417 , @entity221 , and @entity1087 in @entity1 with sensitivities and specificities of approximately 70%. Their predictions varied from the measured value on average by 6.0 +/- 4.6% for serum hematocrit, 1.3 + 1.1 degrees F for rectal temperature, and 3.4 +/- 5.3 mg/dL for serum @entity648 . Observer accuracy decreased when evaluating @entity1 with high and low measured values. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to correctly perform and interpret the physical examination appears to be independent of the observer level of training, @entity1 ethnicity, or @entity1 gender. The examination for pallor, warmth, and @entity1087 is unreliable in predicting the corresponding laboratory or electronic measurement. Certain anemic, febrile, or @entity1087 @entity1 may not be reliably detected solely by a focused physical examination.

title: Evaluation of the physician's ability to recognize the presence or absence of @entity417 , XXXX , and @entity1087 .

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The evaluation of the @entity1 through a comprehensive history and physical examination is considered the cornerstone of medical diagnosis, but many studies suggest that physicians have inadequate physical examination skills. It is unknown whether these skills are reliable and whether they can be adequately acquired through training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the clinician to detect the presence and discriminate the extent of clinical @entity417 , @entity221 , and @entity1087 in an @entity2613 or hospitalized @entity1 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of @entity1 presenting to the @entity2613 or admitted to the hospital who had a rectal temperature measurement within 30 minutes prior to the observation, serum hematocrit measurement on the day of observation, or serum @entity648 measurement one day prior to the day of observation. Observers' (emergency medicine attending physicians', resident physicians', and rotating medical students') estimated serum hematocrit, rectal temperature, and serum @entity648 values were obtained after each observation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and mean absolute difference between actual and estimated values were calculated for each observer. RESULTS: The physicians detected the presence or absence of @entity417 , @entity221 , and @entity1087 in @entity1 with sensitivities and specificities of approximately 70%. Their predictions varied from the measured value on average by 6.0 +/- 4.6% for serum hematocrit, 1.3 + 1.1 degrees F for rectal temperature, and 3.4 +/- 5.3 mg/dL for serum @entity648 . Observer accuracy decreased when evaluating @entity1 with high and low measured values. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to correctly perform and interpret the physical examination appears to be independent of the observer level of training, @entity1 ethnicity, or @entity1 gender. The examination for pallor, warmth, and @entity1087 is unreliable in predicting the corresponding laboratory or electronic measurement. Certain anemic, febrile, or @entity1087 @entity1 may not be reliably detected solely by a focused physical examination.

title: Evaluation of the physician's ability to recognize the presence or absence of XXXX , @entity221 , and @entity1087 .

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: The dissociation constants for the binding of @entity10052 cytochrome c2 and its @entity72748 mutant to the cytochrome bc1 complex embedded in a phospholipid bilayer were measured by plasmon waveguide resonance spectroscopy in the presence and absence of the inhibitor @entity72749 . The reduced form of cytochrome c2 strongly binds to reduced cytochrome bc1 (Kd = 0.02 microM) but binds much more weakly to the oxidized form (Kd = 3.1 microM). In contrast, oxidized cytochrome c2 binds to oxidized cytochrome bc1 in a biphasic fashion with Kd values of 0.11 and 0.58 microM. Such a biphasic interaction is consistent with binding to two separate sites or conformations of oxidized cytochrome c2 and/or cytochrome bc1. However, in the presence of @entity72749 , we find that oxidized cytochrome c2 binds to oxidized cytochrome bc1 in a monophasic fashion with high affinity (Kd = 0.06 microM) and reduced cytochrome c2 binds less strongly (Kd = 0.11 microM) but approximately 30-fold more tightly than in the absence of @entity72749 . Structural studies with cytochrome bc1, with and without the inhibitor @entity72749 , have led to the proposal that the Rieske protein is mobile, moving between the cytochrome b and cytochrome c1 components during turnover. In one conformation, the Rieske protein binds near the heme of cytochrome c1, while the cytochrome c2 binding site is also near the cytochrome c1 heme but on the opposite side from the Rieske site, where cytochrome c2 cannot directly interact with Rieske. However, the inhibitor, @entity72749 , freezes the Rieske protein @entity5985 cluster in a conformation proximal to cytochrome b and distal to cytochrome c1. We conclude from this that the dual conformation of the Rieske protein is primarily responsible for biphasic binding of oxidized cytochrome c2 to cytochrome c1. This optimizes turnover by maximizing binding of the substrate, oxidized cytochrome c2, when the @entity5985 cluster is proximal to cytochrome b and minimizing binding of the product, reduced cytochrome c2, when it is proximal to cytochrome c1.

title: Plasmon waveguide resonance spectroscopic evidence for differential binding of oxidized and reduced @entity10052 cytochrome c2 to the cytochrome bc1 complex mediated by the conformation of the Rieske XXXX protein.

entities_list: @entity72749 :: ('MESH:C041573', 'Chemical') :: ['stigmatellin']

entities_list: @entity5985 :: ('CHEBI:30408', 'Chemical') :: ['iron-sulfur']

entities_list: @entity10052 :: ('1061', 'Species') :: ['Rhodobacter capsulatus']

entities_list: @entity72748 :: ('p|SUB|K|93|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K93P']

answer: @entity5985 :: (CHEBI:30408,Chemical) :: ['iron-sulfur']


abstract: The dissociation constants for the binding of @entity10052 cytochrome c2 and its @entity72748 mutant to the cytochrome bc1 complex embedded in a phospholipid bilayer were measured by plasmon waveguide resonance spectroscopy in the presence and absence of the inhibitor @entity72749 . The reduced form of cytochrome c2 strongly binds to reduced cytochrome bc1 (Kd = 0.02 microM) but binds much more weakly to the oxidized form (Kd = 3.1 microM). In contrast, oxidized cytochrome c2 binds to oxidized cytochrome bc1 in a biphasic fashion with Kd values of 0.11 and 0.58 microM. Such a biphasic interaction is consistent with binding to two separate sites or conformations of oxidized cytochrome c2 and/or cytochrome bc1. However, in the presence of @entity72749 , we find that oxidized cytochrome c2 binds to oxidized cytochrome bc1 in a monophasic fashion with high affinity (Kd = 0.06 microM) and reduced cytochrome c2 binds less strongly (Kd = 0.11 microM) but approximately 30-fold more tightly than in the absence of @entity72749 . Structural studies with cytochrome bc1, with and without the inhibitor @entity72749 , have led to the proposal that the Rieske protein is mobile, moving between the cytochrome b and cytochrome c1 components during turnover. In one conformation, the Rieske protein binds near the heme of cytochrome c1, while the cytochrome c2 binding site is also near the cytochrome c1 heme but on the opposite side from the Rieske site, where cytochrome c2 cannot directly interact with Rieske. However, the inhibitor, @entity72749 , freezes the Rieske protein @entity5985 cluster in a conformation proximal to cytochrome b and distal to cytochrome c1. We conclude from this that the dual conformation of the Rieske protein is primarily responsible for biphasic binding of oxidized cytochrome c2 to cytochrome c1. This optimizes turnover by maximizing binding of the substrate, oxidized cytochrome c2, when the @entity5985 cluster is proximal to cytochrome b and minimizing binding of the product, reduced cytochrome c2, when it is proximal to cytochrome c1.

title: Plasmon waveguide resonance spectroscopic evidence for differential binding of oxidized and reduced XXXX cytochrome c2 to the cytochrome bc1 complex mediated by the conformation of the Rieske @entity5985 protein.

answer: @entity10052 :: (1061,Species) :: ['Rhodobacter capsulatus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The implantation of a coronary artery (CA) is critical for the arterial switch operation (ASO) done to treat @entity3886 ( @entity3886 ). @entity453 are risk factors for both early and late mortality after surgery. In this study, the methodology and effects of ASO surgery with coronary arteries from a single sinus were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: From March 1999 to June 2006, 31 @entity1 were treated with ASO with coronary arteries from a single sinus in our hospital. They aged 11 hours 16 months (2.8 +/- 3.9 months) and weighted 2.3 7.8 Kg (3.1 +/- 2.5 Kg). 27 cases had @entity3886 and a @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ), and 4 had @entity3886 and an intact ventricular septum (IVS). During surgery, a CA button was implanted in the new proximal aorta with "trapdoor" technique or by inverting 90 degrees dorsally; pericardium or arterial augmentation was implanted at the base of the new major artery. The mortality rate after surgery was 25.8%. After 2-5 years of follow-up, 2 cases with residual shunting recovered spontaneously, 2 cases had residual pulmonary @entity432 (30-56 mmHg), and none of the @entity1 had any significant changes in @entity741 . CONCLUSION: The implantation of an abnormal coronary artery is practical and feasible; it can reduce both the occurrence of twisting and deforming in the coronary artery after implantation, as well as @entity741 after surgery. Thus, this could improve the surgical success and cure rates.

title: Arterial switch operation with coronary arteries from a single sinus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['TGA', 'complete transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery obstruction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery abnormalities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated our experience with axillary artery perfusion technique in @entity697 aortic dissection repair. METHODS: Between September 2000 and July 2006, 41 consecutive @entity1 with @entity697 aortic dissection underwent surgical repair. In 35 of 41 @entity1 (85.4%), arterial perfusion was performed through right axillary artery and in the remaining six @entity1 (14.6%), arterial perfusion site was femoral artery. Indication for femoral artery perfusion was @entity1167 and ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in one and @entity12040 of right upper limb in five @entity1 . Mean age was 54.9 +/- 15.3 (16 to 90 years) and 28 were male. Unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion (perfusate temperature 22 to 25 degrees C) through axillary artery was performed in all axillary artery perfused @entity1 and in three @entity1 who had femoral artery perfusion. RESULTS: Five @entity1 died postoperatively (hospital mortality 12.2%). All of them had evidence of single or multiple organ malperfusion preoperatively. We did not experience any new transient or permanent @entity51 after the procedure in the unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion @entity1 . Complications related to axillary artery cannulation were observed in two @entity1 (5.3%). One @entity1 with femoral artery cannulation experienced femoral @entity715 , postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Right axillary artery cannulation for repair of @entity697 aortic dissection is a simple and safe procedure. In the case of @entity12040 of right upper limb, femoral artery is still the choice of cannulation site.

title: Axillary artery perfusion in XXXX aortic dissection repair.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute type A']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['pulselessness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['arterial thrombosis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute type A']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several kinds of radical surgery for the treatment of @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) have been devised. We have described preliminary efforts to treat @entity3181 using a novel radical resection technique to expose the entire inferior vena cava (IVC) of the hepatic segment. METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with @entity3181 were treated by radical resection, including 46 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 . @entity3181 @entity1 ranged in age from 11 to 62 years, with 3 months to 11 years since the @entity3181 diagnosis. The lesions included membrane occlusion of the IVC in 16 @entity1 , double membranes within the IVC in 2 @entity1 , double membranes within the IVC and the hepatic vein (HV) in 3 @entity1 , IVC membrane with distal @entity715 in 10 @entity1 , long segment @entity715 of the IVC in 5 @entity1 (organized @entity715 in 2 @entity1 , fresh @entity715 in 3 @entity1 ), occlusion of the outlet of the HVs due to mural @entity715 in 2 @entity1 , segmental occlusion of the IVC in 3 @entity1 , membranes within the HV with @entity6323 due to protrusion of HV stent in 1 @entity1 , HV membranes in 11 @entity1 , extensive occlusion of HVs in 1 @entity1 , the whole IVC @entity5 thrombus with @entity5 thrombus of 2/3 right atrium resulting from a posterior peritoneum @entity5 in 1 @entity1 , @entity6323 in 2 @entity1 , @entity6323 with @entity5 thrombus into 1/2 right atrium in 1 @entity1 , IVC @entity715 extending into right atrium in 1 @entity1 , compression of supra-hepatic segment of IVC due to fiber trabs in 1 @entity1 . RESULTS: All lesions were successfully resected under direct supervision. Three procedures were performed under extracorporeal circulation, 52 @entity1 with catheterization of the right atrium, 4 @entity1 with a cell saver, and one @entity1 with auto-retrieval of blood. The retrieved blood was from 300 ml to 4000 ml. Transfusion of banked blood was from 400 ml to 2000 ml for 14 @entity1 . For the other @entity1 no transfusion of banked blood was required. One @entity1 died of @entity177 peri-operatively. Newly formed IVC membrane was found for one recurrent @entity1 whose IVC @entity715 was removed one year prior. Restenosis of the IVC was observed post-operatively without symptoms in one @entity1 . In the other @entity1 , no recurrent symptom was found during the follow-up periods. CONCLUSION: This novel surgery provides a clear visual field during the procedure and yields satisfactory short and long-term results.

title: Radical surgery for XXXX through exposure of the entire inferior vena cava of the hepatic segment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['IVC stenosis', 'IVC leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although cytological methods for breast oncology have been used in recent decades, intra-operative frozen section has been playing a vital role in making therapeutic decisions. We analyzed a large series of frozen section diagnoses for Chinese cases of breast lesion within the last 15 years. The experience was expected to increase the diagnostic accuracy of cases with @entity1558 . METHODS: The data from consecutive 13243 cases of @entity1558 diagnosed with intra-operative frozen sections between 1988 to 2002 were compared with @entity982 sections in a case by case manner. The causes of false negative and positive diagnoses as well as delayed diagnoses were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and seventeen cases (0.9%) were falsely diagnosed, with one false positive case and 116 false negative cases. The diagnosis of 47 cases (0.4%) was delayed. The proportion of several lesions had the features of the @entity1 ' ages. Six types (false invasion, peri- @entity1185 , @entity10923 , florid @entity3923 , @entity1463 @entity3923 , and granulose cell @entity5 ) of lesions may lead to false positive, and four types (morphological changes responding chemotherapy, well differentiated @entity1377 , @entity1137 , and @entity420 ) to a false negative. Gross and microscopic findings may be inconsistent in two types of lesions ( @entity2318 and florid @entity3923 ) microscopic and clinical findings in three types ( @entity1271 mammary, duct @entity4122 , and fat @entity39 ), and three types (abundant fat or sclerous tissues; borderline lesions and changes of post-chemotherapy) were likely wrongly classified. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-operative frozen section can accurately identify @entity1558 in many instances, leading to fewer errors on account of more diagnostic experience and understanding of diagnostic limitations.

title: Intra-operative frozen section diagnosis of XXXX : a retrospective analysis of 13,243 Chinese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['radial scar']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1271 :: ('MESH:D008413', 'Disease') :: ['ganulomatous mastitis']

entities_list: @entity10923 :: ('MESH:D002759', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma of nipple duct']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['tubular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although cytological methods for breast oncology have been used in recent decades, intra-operative frozen section has been playing a vital role in making therapeutic decisions. We analyzed a large series of frozen section diagnoses for Chinese cases of breast lesion within the last 15 years. The experience was expected to increase the diagnostic accuracy of cases with @entity1558 . METHODS: The data from consecutive 13243 cases of @entity1558 diagnosed with intra-operative frozen sections between 1988 to 2002 were compared with @entity982 sections in a case by case manner. The causes of false negative and positive diagnoses as well as delayed diagnoses were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and seventeen cases (0.9%) were falsely diagnosed, with one false positive case and 116 false negative cases. The diagnosis of 47 cases (0.4%) was delayed. The proportion of several lesions had the features of the @entity1 ' ages. Six types (false invasion, peri- @entity1185 , @entity10923 , florid @entity3923 , @entity1463 @entity3923 , and granulose cell @entity5 ) of lesions may lead to false positive, and four types (morphological changes responding chemotherapy, well differentiated @entity1377 , @entity1137 , and @entity420 ) to a false negative. Gross and microscopic findings may be inconsistent in two types of lesions ( @entity2318 and florid @entity3923 ) microscopic and clinical findings in three types ( @entity1271 mammary, duct @entity4122 , and fat @entity39 ), and three types (abundant fat or sclerous tissues; borderline lesions and changes of post-chemotherapy) were likely wrongly classified. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-operative frozen section can accurately identify @entity1558 in many instances, leading to fewer errors on account of more diagnostic experience and understanding of diagnostic limitations.

title: Intra-operative frozen section diagnosis of @entity1558 : a retrospective analysis of 13,243 Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The product of @entity3969 suppressor gene ( @entity8587 ), a nuclear transcription factor, regulates the expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) systems, both of which are implicated in breast tumorigenesis and are known to facilitate angiogenesis. In the present study, @entity8587 allelic integrity was examined by Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) studies in infiltrating @entity0 (n=60), @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) (n=10) and @entity1558 (n=5) @entity1 , to determine its possible association with @entity5 progression. METHODS: LOH at the @entity8587 locus (11p13) as determined by PCR-RFLP for Hinf1 restriction site and was subsequently examined for its association with intratumoral expression of various growth factors i.e. @entity2533 , @entity5100 , @entity2856 and angiogenesis ( @entity7 and Intratumoral micro-vessel density) in @entity0 . RESULTS: Six of 22 (27.2%) genetically heterozygous of infiltrating @entity0 and 1 of 4 @entity3821 cases showed loss of one allele at @entity8587 locus. Histologically, the @entity5 with LOH at @entity8587 were @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and were of grade II and III. There was no correlation in the appearance of LOH at @entity8587 locus with age, @entity5 stage, menopausal status, chemotherapy status and lymph node @entity3 . The expression of factor @entity5100 and its receptor, @entity2856 was significantly higher in @entity189 having LOH at @entity8587 locus. A positive correlation was observed between the @entity2533 , @entity7 expression and IMD scores in infiltrating @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that the high frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity3969 suppressor gene-1 locus in high-graded @entity0 is associated with @entity146 of the @entity5 .

title: High frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity3969 suppressor gene-1 locus in advanced @entity0 associated with @entity146 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['Intraductal carcinoma', 'IDC', 'ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The product of @entity3969 suppressor gene ( @entity8587 ), a nuclear transcription factor, regulates the expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) systems, both of which are implicated in breast tumorigenesis and are known to facilitate angiogenesis. In the present study, @entity8587 allelic integrity was examined by Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) studies in infiltrating @entity0 (n=60), @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) (n=10) and @entity1558 (n=5) @entity1 , to determine its possible association with @entity5 progression. METHODS: LOH at the @entity8587 locus (11p13) as determined by PCR-RFLP for Hinf1 restriction site and was subsequently examined for its association with intratumoral expression of various growth factors i.e. @entity2533 , @entity5100 , @entity2856 and angiogenesis ( @entity7 and Intratumoral micro-vessel density) in @entity0 . RESULTS: Six of 22 (27.2%) genetically heterozygous of infiltrating @entity0 and 1 of 4 @entity3821 cases showed loss of one allele at @entity8587 locus. Histologically, the @entity5 with LOH at @entity8587 were @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and were of grade II and III. There was no correlation in the appearance of LOH at @entity8587 locus with age, @entity5 stage, menopausal status, chemotherapy status and lymph node @entity3 . The expression of factor @entity5100 and its receptor, @entity2856 was significantly higher in @entity189 having LOH at @entity8587 locus. A positive correlation was observed between the @entity2533 , @entity7 expression and IMD scores in infiltrating @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that the high frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity3969 suppressor gene-1 locus in high-graded @entity0 is associated with @entity146 of the @entity5 .

title: High frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity3969 suppressor gene-1 locus in advanced XXXX associated with @entity146 of the @entity5 .

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The product of @entity3969 suppressor gene ( @entity8587 ), a nuclear transcription factor, regulates the expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) systems, both of which are implicated in breast tumorigenesis and are known to facilitate angiogenesis. In the present study, @entity8587 allelic integrity was examined by Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) studies in infiltrating @entity0 (n=60), @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) (n=10) and @entity1558 (n=5) @entity1 , to determine its possible association with @entity5 progression. METHODS: LOH at the @entity8587 locus (11p13) as determined by PCR-RFLP for Hinf1 restriction site and was subsequently examined for its association with intratumoral expression of various growth factors i.e. @entity2533 , @entity5100 , @entity2856 and angiogenesis ( @entity7 and Intratumoral micro-vessel density) in @entity0 . RESULTS: Six of 22 (27.2%) genetically heterozygous of infiltrating @entity0 and 1 of 4 @entity3821 cases showed loss of one allele at @entity8587 locus. Histologically, the @entity5 with LOH at @entity8587 were @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and were of grade II and III. There was no correlation in the appearance of LOH at @entity8587 locus with age, @entity5 stage, menopausal status, chemotherapy status and lymph node @entity3 . The expression of factor @entity5100 and its receptor, @entity2856 was significantly higher in @entity189 having LOH at @entity8587 locus. A positive correlation was observed between the @entity2533 , @entity7 expression and IMD scores in infiltrating @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that the high frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity3969 suppressor gene-1 locus in high-graded @entity0 is associated with @entity146 of the @entity5 .

title: High frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity3969 suppressor gene-1 locus in advanced @entity0 associated with XXXX of the @entity5 .

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressiveness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The product of @entity3969 suppressor gene ( @entity8587 ), a nuclear transcription factor, regulates the expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) systems, both of which are implicated in breast tumorigenesis and are known to facilitate angiogenesis. In the present study, @entity8587 allelic integrity was examined by Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) studies in infiltrating @entity0 (n=60), @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) (n=10) and @entity1558 (n=5) @entity1 , to determine its possible association with @entity5 progression. METHODS: LOH at the @entity8587 locus (11p13) as determined by PCR-RFLP for Hinf1 restriction site and was subsequently examined for its association with intratumoral expression of various growth factors i.e. @entity2533 , @entity5100 , @entity2856 and angiogenesis ( @entity7 and Intratumoral micro-vessel density) in @entity0 . RESULTS: Six of 22 (27.2%) genetically heterozygous of infiltrating @entity0 and 1 of 4 @entity3821 cases showed loss of one allele at @entity8587 locus. Histologically, the @entity5 with LOH at @entity8587 were @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) and were of grade II and III. There was no correlation in the appearance of LOH at @entity8587 locus with age, @entity5 stage, menopausal status, chemotherapy status and lymph node @entity3 . The expression of factor @entity5100 and its receptor, @entity2856 was significantly higher in @entity189 having LOH at @entity8587 locus. A positive correlation was observed between the @entity2533 , @entity7 expression and IMD scores in infiltrating @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that the high frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity3969 suppressor gene-1 locus in high-graded @entity0 is associated with @entity146 of the @entity5 .

title: High frequency of loss of allelic integrity at XXXX suppressor gene-1 locus in advanced @entity0 associated with @entity146 of the @entity5 .

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) therapy and bone metabolism. @entity1 AND METHODS: The sample was composed of 151 @entity1 , aged between 1 and 17 years. There were 71 @entity748 treated with @entity4185 for at least 6 months (group 1), 44 @entity748 treated occasionally with @entity4185 during exacerbations (group 2), and 36 healthy @entity1 (group 3). @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and markers of bone formation and resorption were measured. These measures, as well as other related factors, were compared among groups. Regression models for @entity2331 and @entity79 were used with the group as the independent variable adjusted by factors with differences between groups. A two-tailed level of p < 0.05 was used in all tests. RESULTS: No differences in @entity79 were found between groups 1 and 2 but significant differences were found between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.003). No differences were found in markers of bone formation and resorption among the groups. No association was found between @entity79 and the type, daily dose or accumulated dose of @entity4185 . Group 1 showed an @entity2331 odds ratio relative to group 3 of 2.94 (95 % CI: 1.49-5.78) and an average reduction of @entity79 of 0.50 (95 % CI: 0.32-0.68) was found from group 3 to 2 and from group 2 to 1. In group 1, markers of bone resorption significantly increased in @entity748 with @entity2331 compared with those without @entity2331 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4185 treatment in @entity748 @entity1 seems to affect @entity79 . Markers of bone formation and resorption are unaffected. @entity2331 in these @entity1 could also be related to other factors that increase bone resorption.

title: [Inhaled corticosteroid therapy and bone metabolism in XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity4185 :: ('MESH:D058545', 'Disease') :: ['inhaled corticosteroids', 'ICS']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia', 'Osteopenia']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between @entity4185 ( @entity4185 ) therapy and bone metabolism. @entity1 AND METHODS: The sample was composed of 151 @entity1 , aged between 1 and 17 years. There were 71 @entity748 treated with @entity4185 for at least 6 months (group 1), 44 @entity748 treated occasionally with @entity4185 during exacerbations (group 2), and 36 healthy @entity1 (group 3). @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and markers of bone formation and resorption were measured. These measures, as well as other related factors, were compared among groups. Regression models for @entity2331 and @entity79 were used with the group as the independent variable adjusted by factors with differences between groups. A two-tailed level of p < 0.05 was used in all tests. RESULTS: No differences in @entity79 were found between groups 1 and 2 but significant differences were found between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.003). No differences were found in markers of bone formation and resorption among the groups. No association was found between @entity79 and the type, daily dose or accumulated dose of @entity4185 . Group 1 showed an @entity2331 odds ratio relative to group 3 of 2.94 (95 % CI: 1.49-5.78) and an average reduction of @entity79 of 0.50 (95 % CI: 0.32-0.68) was found from group 3 to 2 and from group 2 to 1. In group 1, markers of bone resorption significantly increased in @entity748 with @entity2331 compared with those without @entity2331 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4185 treatment in @entity748 @entity1 seems to affect @entity79 . Markers of bone formation and resorption are unaffected. @entity2331 in these @entity1 could also be related to other factors that increase bone resorption.

title: [Inhaled corticosteroid therapy and bone metabolism in @entity748 XXXX ].

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The present study included 40 healthy nulliparous @entity1 admitted to the hospital for termination of first trimester pregnancy. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to two study groups. One group was treated for 4 hours with one 1 mg Cervagem vaginal suppository prior to vacuum aspiration, the other was treated 4 hours with a Dilapan osmotic dilator intracervically. The @entity1 were continuously supervised during treatment and after operation. Side effects and analgesic consumption were recorded. At operation the degree of @entity384 , @entity190 was registered. Dilapan was more effective and more uniform in dilating the cervix (p less than 0.05) and eventual further dilatation was easier (p less than 0.05). The @entity190 was higher in the Dilapan-treated group (p less than 0.05). Side effects of @entity282 and use of analgesic injections were higher in the Cervagem group (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that both methods are effective in dilating the cervix prior to vacuum aspiration, with Dilapan being the more effective dilator with the lower frequency of side effects.

title: Cervagem/Dilapan for preoperative XXXX prior to vacuum aspiration for termination of first trimester pregnancy. A prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cervical dilatation']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss and operative complications', 'blood loss']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['cervical dilatation']


abstract: Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are essential in the recognition of foreign antigens in humoral immune response, which is genetically predetermined. Susceptibility to certain diseases that involve the immune response has been studied in relation to distinct HLA types. Although some diseases have been found to correlate to specific HLA loci positively, it has been difficult to isolate HLA types that predispose @entity1 to periodontal destruction. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent advances in HLA genetics and its biology, which determine susceptibility to early-onset @entity2521 (EOP). The @entity1533 *1501-DQB1*0602 genotype has been found with increasing frequency in EOP @entity1 . This HLA genotype expresses aspartic acid at position 57 and @entity2228 at position 70 on the DQ beta chain, suggesting a capability to bind certain bacterial antigens. The T cell response against the outer membrane protein (Ag53) of @entity2523 was examined via this HLA genotype. Strong T cell response against Ag53 p141-161 was inhibited partially by anti-DR antibody, but not by anti-DQ antibody. Possible host and bacterial peptides capable of binding @entity1533 *1501 were elucidated when the peptide sequence was compared to gene and protein databases. These results suggest that @entity1 who have the @entity1533 *1501-DQB1*0602 genotype may have an accelerated T cell response to certain periodontopathic bacteria such as @entity2523 in hyperimmune reactions and thus increased susceptibility to EOP.

title: HLA genetics for diagnosis of susceptibility to early-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: Regeneration of endothelium after damage is an important factor, which limits the development of @entity731 . This study examines the topographical characteristics of regenerating endothelial cells (EC) in @entity95 aorta after de-endothelialization by cryodestruction. The effects of @entity10958 on these processes were also studied. Vessels were harvested from 6-month-old NZW @entity95 , 1 and 3 days after cryodestruction. The vessels were evaluated using @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). One day after cryodestruction, there were defects in the endothelial monolayer in the zone of injury in saline treated animals. Large numbers of platelets and monocytes were observed in association with endothelium in the damaged zone. Three days after de-endothelialization the size of the area of the damage had decreased. On the surface of the new endothelial layer and below this defect, the number of adhering monocytes was increased, and many microdefects between endothelium could be seen. Administration of @entity10958 for 1 or 3 days after damage reduced the number of endothelium-adherent platelets and monocytes, and microdefects in endothelium. The feature of endothelial repair in @entity95 is a relatively large involvement of monocytes and platelets, which are visible below regenerated endothelium. Administration of @entity10958 essentially restored re-endothelialization and significantly decreased the number of adherent monocytes and microdefects in the new endothelium.

title: Morphological features of regeneration of XXXX aortic endothelium after cryoinduced vascular damage.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity10958 :: ('MESH:C025945', 'Chemical') :: ['cloricromene']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Fifty cases of @entity1893 were studied by scanning electron microscopy to study the possible differences in the surface morphology of @entity5 cells between T cell and B cell @entity1893 . Acid @entity9564 esterase (ANAE) activity test, the stain of antiserum samples of gamma, mu, alpha, kappa, lambda chains with the peroxidase antiperoxidase immune complex method (PAP method) and classification under light microscope were done for all the cases. It was found that the surface morphology of @entity784 cells differed from that of @entity1892 . There were a lot of granular protrusions with a few pseudopodia processes on the surface of @entity1892 . But on the surface of @entity784 , there were only more or less wrinkles and less granular protrusions. There were long pseudopodia processes on the surface of @entity5 cells of @entity1892 , particularly on the follicular cleaved cell type. The follicular cleaved cell lymphoma had better prognosis with mean survival time of more than four years. There may be other factors responsible for the long survival time. As compared to the lymphoblastic and polymorphic types, the follicular cleaved cell lymphoma has less euchromatin, less mitosis, slower growth rate and higher cohesiveness between @entity5 cells. The better prognosis is also closely related to the morphology of the @entity5 cells. With the aid of long processes, the @entity5 cells are connected with each other to form follicular structure and the movement of @entity5 cells is restricted. Hence, infiltration and metastasis of the @entity5 are less pronounced than the lymphoblastic type and T polymorphic cell type.

title: [Scanning electron microscopic examination of 50 cases of @entity1893 ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity9564 :: ('MESH:C005366', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthyl acetate']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['NHL']


abstract: Fifty cases of @entity1893 were studied by scanning electron microscopy to study the possible differences in the surface morphology of @entity5 cells between T cell and B cell @entity1893 . Acid @entity9564 esterase (ANAE) activity test, the stain of antiserum samples of gamma, mu, alpha, kappa, lambda chains with the peroxidase antiperoxidase immune complex method (PAP method) and classification under light microscope were done for all the cases. It was found that the surface morphology of @entity784 cells differed from that of @entity1892 . There were a lot of granular protrusions with a few pseudopodia processes on the surface of @entity1892 . But on the surface of @entity784 , there were only more or less wrinkles and less granular protrusions. There were long pseudopodia processes on the surface of @entity5 cells of @entity1892 , particularly on the follicular cleaved cell type. The follicular cleaved cell lymphoma had better prognosis with mean survival time of more than four years. There may be other factors responsible for the long survival time. As compared to the lymphoblastic and polymorphic types, the follicular cleaved cell lymphoma has less euchromatin, less mitosis, slower growth rate and higher cohesiveness between @entity5 cells. The better prognosis is also closely related to the morphology of the @entity5 cells. With the aid of long processes, the @entity5 cells are connected with each other to form follicular structure and the movement of @entity5 cells is restricted. Hence, infiltration and metastasis of the @entity5 are less pronounced than the lymphoblastic type and T polymorphic cell type.

title: [Scanning electron microscopic examination of 50 cases of XXXX ( @entity1893 )].

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity9940 0.2mg once daily in Korean @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ), who were treated for up to 1 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 211 @entity1 from six urology outpatient centres who participated in this investigation, 146 @entity1 were evaluable. @entity9940 0.2 mg/day was administered orally in a nonblind design for a 1-year period. The primary efficacy parameters were improvement in the total, obstructive and irritative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), measured at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, 36 and 52, and in the maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) measured at baseline and at weeks 24 and 52. The secondary efficacy parameters were a decrease of >/=30% in IPSS, and an increase in Qmax of >/=30% from baseline. Changes in parameters between baseline and 52 weeks were assessed using Student's paired t-test. RESULTS: Statistically significant, gradual improvements in all efficacy parameters were observed over the 1-year period. @entity9940 0.2 mg/day resulted in a mean reduction of 41.1% in total IPSS (p < 0.001) and a mean increase of 4.56 mL/sec in Qmax at 52 weeks (p < 0.001). @entity9940 was well tolerated; adverse events occurred in 6.2% of @entity1 and there were no withdrawals as a result of adverse events. There were no significant changes in blood pressure or pulse rate during the study. CONCLUSIONS: One-year treatment with @entity9940 0.2 mg/day in Korean @entity1 with suspected @entity1067 was well tolerated and effective in improving LUTS and urinary flow. The effect on symptoms was apparent after 12 weeks of treatment, and symptom improvement was observed for up to 1 year.

title: Efficacy of low-dose XXXX on lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of @entity1067 : a nonblind multicentre korean study.

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamsulosin', 'tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['tamsulosin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity9940 0.2mg once daily in Korean @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ), who were treated for up to 1 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 211 @entity1 from six urology outpatient centres who participated in this investigation, 146 @entity1 were evaluable. @entity9940 0.2 mg/day was administered orally in a nonblind design for a 1-year period. The primary efficacy parameters were improvement in the total, obstructive and irritative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), measured at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, 36 and 52, and in the maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) measured at baseline and at weeks 24 and 52. The secondary efficacy parameters were a decrease of >/=30% in IPSS, and an increase in Qmax of >/=30% from baseline. Changes in parameters between baseline and 52 weeks were assessed using Student's paired t-test. RESULTS: Statistically significant, gradual improvements in all efficacy parameters were observed over the 1-year period. @entity9940 0.2 mg/day resulted in a mean reduction of 41.1% in total IPSS (p < 0.001) and a mean increase of 4.56 mL/sec in Qmax at 52 weeks (p < 0.001). @entity9940 was well tolerated; adverse events occurred in 6.2% of @entity1 and there were no withdrawals as a result of adverse events. There were no significant changes in blood pressure or pulse rate during the study. CONCLUSIONS: One-year treatment with @entity9940 0.2 mg/day in Korean @entity1 with suspected @entity1067 was well tolerated and effective in improving LUTS and urinary flow. The effect on symptoms was apparent after 12 weeks of treatment, and symptom improvement was observed for up to 1 year.

title: Efficacy of low-dose @entity9940 on lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of XXXX : a nonblind multicentre korean study.

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is associated with @entity73 , most of which are corrected after positive airway pressure ( @entity2786 ) treatment. Previous studies investigating the neural underpinnings of @entity27 failed to provide consistent results both on the cerebral substrates underlying @entity73 and on the effect of treatment on these anomalies. The aims of the study were a) to investigate whether never-treated OSA @entity1 demonstrated differences in brain activation compared to healthy controls during a cognitive task; and b) to investigate whether any improvements in cognitive functioning found in OSA @entity1 after treatment reflected a change in the underlying cerebral activity. DESIGN: OSA @entity1 and healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. They were compared on performance and brain activation during a 2-back working-memory task. @entity1 were also re-evaluated after 3 months treatment with @entity2786 . Cognitive functions were evaluated using neurocognitive tests. Sleepiness (ESS), mood (Beck Depression Inventory) and, quality-of-life (SF-36) were also assessed. SETTING: The Sleep Disorders Center and CERMAC at the Vita-Salute San Raffaele University. @entity1 OR @entity1 : 17 OSA @entity1 and 15 age- and education-matched healthy controls. INTERVENTIONS: @entity2786 treatment for 3 months. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Compared to controls, never-treated OSA @entity1 showed increased activations in the left frontal cortex, medial precuneus, and hippocampus, and decreased activations in the caudal pons. OSA @entity1 showed decreases in activation with treatment in the left inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex, and bilaterally in the hippocampus. Most neurocognitive domains, impaired at baseline, showed significant improvement after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: OSA @entity1 showed an overrecruitment of brain regions compared to controls, in the presence of the same level of performance on a working-memory task. Decreases of activation in prefrontal and hippocampal structures were observed after treatment in comparison to baseline. These findings may reflect a neural compensation mechanism in never-treated @entity1 , which is reduced by effective treatment.

title: Brain activation changes before and after @entity2786 treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive and functional deficits']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is associated with @entity73 , most of which are corrected after positive airway pressure ( @entity2786 ) treatment. Previous studies investigating the neural underpinnings of @entity27 failed to provide consistent results both on the cerebral substrates underlying @entity73 and on the effect of treatment on these anomalies. The aims of the study were a) to investigate whether never-treated OSA @entity1 demonstrated differences in brain activation compared to healthy controls during a cognitive task; and b) to investigate whether any improvements in cognitive functioning found in OSA @entity1 after treatment reflected a change in the underlying cerebral activity. DESIGN: OSA @entity1 and healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. They were compared on performance and brain activation during a 2-back working-memory task. @entity1 were also re-evaluated after 3 months treatment with @entity2786 . Cognitive functions were evaluated using neurocognitive tests. Sleepiness (ESS), mood (Beck Depression Inventory) and, quality-of-life (SF-36) were also assessed. SETTING: The Sleep Disorders Center and CERMAC at the Vita-Salute San Raffaele University. @entity1 OR @entity1 : 17 OSA @entity1 and 15 age- and education-matched healthy controls. INTERVENTIONS: @entity2786 treatment for 3 months. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Compared to controls, never-treated OSA @entity1 showed increased activations in the left frontal cortex, medial precuneus, and hippocampus, and decreased activations in the caudal pons. OSA @entity1 showed decreases in activation with treatment in the left inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex, and bilaterally in the hippocampus. Most neurocognitive domains, impaired at baseline, showed significant improvement after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: OSA @entity1 showed an overrecruitment of brain regions compared to controls, in the presence of the same level of performance on a working-memory task. Decreases of activation in prefrontal and hippocampal structures were observed after treatment in comparison to baseline. These findings may reflect a neural compensation mechanism in never-treated @entity1 , which is reduced by effective treatment.

title: Brain activation changes before and after XXXX treatment in @entity27 .

answer: @entity2786 :: (CHEBI:17985,Chemical) :: ['PAP']


abstract: CONTEXT: The most common lung tissue samples seen by pathologists worldwide are obtained with the flexible bronchoscope. Specimens taken for examination of diffuse or multifocal @entity358 pose special challenges for the general surgical pathologist, and these challenges are often compounded by high clinical expectations for accurate and specific diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To present and discuss the most common histopathologic patterns and diagnostic entities seen in transbronchial biopsy specimens in the setting of diffuse or multifocal @entity358 . Specifically, @entity647 , @entity5930 , @entity548 , chronic cellular infiltrates, @entity3616 , @entity5970 , @entity370 , Wegener @entity2883 , intravenous drug abuse-related @entity455 , @entity1222 , and @entity3008 are presented. Clinical and radiologic context is provided for the more specific diagnostic entities. DATA SOURCES: The published literature and experience from a consultation practice. CONCLUSIONS: The transbronchial biopsy specimen can provide valuable information for clinical management in the setting of diffuse or multifocal @entity358 . Computed tomographic scans are useful for selecting appropriate @entity1 to undergo biopsy and in limiting the differential diagnosis. Knowledge of the clinical context, radiologic distribution of abnormalities, and histopathologic patterns is essential. With this information, the surgical pathologist can substantially influence the diagnostic workup and help guide the clinician to an accurate clinical/radiologic/pathologic diagnosis.

title: Transbronchial biopsy interpretation in the XXXX with diffuse parenchymal lung disease.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'parenchymal lung abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3008 :: ('MESH:D018192', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangioleiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5970 :: ('MESH:D011649', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar proteinosis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: In this ultrastructural study we examined skeletal muscle fibres from @entity19 intraperitoneally inoculated with a sublethal dose of Crotalus vegrandis (rattlesnake) venom. The group of @entity19 inoculated presented neurological symptoms characterised by @entity1576 and hind limbs @entity912 . Skeletal muscle fibres showed different degrees of alterations. Most of them presented the characteristic pattern of @entity39 in progress. Atrophied and hypercontracted fibres were frequently seen. Some atrophied and @entity39 fibres showed several nucleoli-like bodies in the nucleus. In the @entity3202 and hypercontracted fibres, sarcoplasmic vacuolation and abnormal mitochondria with stacked cristae were observed. Areas of segmental @entity39 were also frequently found. In connection with these altered muscle fibres, @entity854 were detected. This study suggests that in envenomed @entity19 @entity1576 may be related with @entity121 caused by @entity2483 .

title: Ultrastructural pathology in skeletal muscle of XXXX envenomed with Crotalus vegrandis venom.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['capillary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory failure symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['Crotalus vegrandis venom components']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the drug compliance observed among @entity1 with @entity1729 treated with once-daily, twice-daily and thrice-daily antibiotic regimens. METHODS: We performed a prospective study in the primary care setting including @entity1 with suspected @entity1729 , not @entity56 to @entity3405 antimicrobials, @entity7187 or @entity5176 , treated with several antibiotic regimens. @entity1 compliance was assessed by electronic monitoring. RESULTS: A total of 251 @entity1 were enrolled (136 in the thrice-daily group, 70 in the twice-daily group and 45 in the once-daily group). The mean container openings ranged from 94.3 +/- 12.6% with once-daily antibiotics to 74.8 +/- 17.7% with thrice-daily drugs (P < 0.001). Seventy-five @entity1 in the thrice-daily group took at least 80% of the medications (55.1%), being significantly less than those receiving twice-daily (71.4%) or once-daily (86.7%; P < 0.001) drugs. Only 20.6% of the @entity1 assigned to the thrice-daily regimens opened the container every 8 +/- 4 h during at least 80% of the course. Among the @entity1 assigned the same number of doses daily, compliance was better with the shortest antibiotic courses, being worse with schedules of 7 days or more. The percentage of @entity1 who opened the MEMS container the satisfactory number of times a day was lower among the thrice-daily regimens. Moreover, the thrice-daily group more frequently forgot the afternoon dose. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of compliance was very low, mainly when antibiotics were administered thrice daily and in regimens of 7 days or more. New strategies addressed to improve antibiotic drug compliance are, therefore, necessary.

title: The higher the number of daily doses of antibiotic treatment in XXXX the worse the compliance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial lower respiratory tract infections', 'lower respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['lower respiratory tract infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency of @entity2008 in products of conception from @entity1 with recurrent @entity2208 in relation to the number of previous @entity2208 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Nagoya City University Medical Hospital. @entity1 (S): A total of 1,309 @entity1 with a history of 2-20 consecutive first-trimester abortions. INTERVENTION(S): Chromosomal analysis performed on products of conception with use of a standard G-banding technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The frequencies of abnormal and normal embryonic karyotypes for each number of previous abortions were studied. The subsequent pregnancy outcome of @entity1 whose previous @entity2208 were karyotyped were studied along with the predictive value of karyotyping of previous @entity2208 for subsequent @entity2208 . RESULT(S): The miscarriage rate increased with the number of previous @entity2208 . The frequency of abnormal embryonic karyotypes significantly decreased and that of normal embryonic karyotypes significantly increased with the number of previous abortions. Among 71 @entity1 whose embryonic karyotypes were normal, 44 aborted subsequently, and 23 of 60 @entity1 whose embryonic karyotypes were abnormal aborted subsequently. @entity1 with a previous normal embryonic karyotype aborted more frequently than those with an abnormal karyotype. CONCLUSION(S): The frequency of normal embryonic karyotypes significantly increases with the number of previous abortions, and a normal karyotype in a previous pregnancy is a predictor of subsequent miscarriage.

title: Embryonic karyotype of abortuses in relation to the number of previous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortions', 'miscarriages']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['miscarriages']


abstract: This focused ethnographic study aims at describing encounters in the healthcare environment on a locked @entity146 ward. It was carried out in Sweden on an acute @entity146 ward for @entity1 with affective and @entity1277 . Data were collected through @entity1 observations and informal interviews, and analysed by qualitative content analysis. The result shows that the healthcare environment on this locked @entity146 ward offered a space for encounters between @entity1 , in a continuum from professional care to private meetings and social events. It included joy and friendship as well as unintentional insights into other @entity1 ' suffering. The characteristics of the encounters formed three themes: the caring relationship, the uncaring relationship and the unrecognized relationship. The caring and the uncaring relationship concerned relationships between staff and @entity1 or their next of kin. These revealed contrasting qualities such as respect and flexibility as well as lack of respect and mistrust. The unrecognized relationship theme visualized the @entity1 ' relationships with each other and included both supportive and intrusive elements that were probably significant for the outcome of care. The unrecognized relationship contributes with new knowledge about conditions for @entity1 in inpatient care, and indicates that the @entity1 ' relationships with each other merit greater attention.

title: Encounters in a locked XXXX ward environment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Disturbances of neuronal @entity141 homeostasis are considered to be important determinants of age-related @entity73 . Cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BF) are principal targets of decline associated with aging and @entity303 . During the last several years, we have attempted to link these concepts in a @entity35 model of 'normal' aging. In this review, we will describe some changes that we have observed in @entity141 signaling of aged BF neurons and the reversal of one of these changes by dietary caloric restriction. Our evidence supports a scenario in which subtle changes in the properties of voltage-gated @entity141 channels result in increased @entity141 influx during aging. This increased @entity141 , in turn, triggers an increase in rapid @entity141 buffering in the somatic compartment of aged BF neurons. However, this nominal 'compensation', along with other changes in @entity141 handling machinery (notably mitochondria) alters the @entity141 signal with age in a way that is dependent on the magnitude of the @entity141 load. By combining whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology, ratiometric @entity141 -sensitive microfluorimetry and single-cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we have determined that age-related rapid buffering changes are present in identified cholinergic BF neurons and that these changes can be prevented by a caloric restriction dietary regimen. Because caloric restriction extends lifespan and retards the progression of age-related dysfunction, these findings suggest that increased @entity141 buffering in cholinergic neurons may be relevant to @entity73 during normal aging. Importantly, @entity460 homeostatic mechanisms of BF cholinergic neurons are amenable to dietary interventions that could promote cognitive health during aging.

title: XXXX buffering systems and @entity460 signaling in aged @entity35 basal forebrain neurons.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: Disturbances of neuronal @entity141 homeostasis are considered to be important determinants of age-related @entity73 . Cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BF) are principal targets of decline associated with aging and @entity303 . During the last several years, we have attempted to link these concepts in a @entity35 model of 'normal' aging. In this review, we will describe some changes that we have observed in @entity141 signaling of aged BF neurons and the reversal of one of these changes by dietary caloric restriction. Our evidence supports a scenario in which subtle changes in the properties of voltage-gated @entity141 channels result in increased @entity141 influx during aging. This increased @entity141 , in turn, triggers an increase in rapid @entity141 buffering in the somatic compartment of aged BF neurons. However, this nominal 'compensation', along with other changes in @entity141 handling machinery (notably mitochondria) alters the @entity141 signal with age in a way that is dependent on the magnitude of the @entity141 load. By combining whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology, ratiometric @entity141 -sensitive microfluorimetry and single-cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we have determined that age-related rapid buffering changes are present in identified cholinergic BF neurons and that these changes can be prevented by a caloric restriction dietary regimen. Because caloric restriction extends lifespan and retards the progression of age-related dysfunction, these findings suggest that increased @entity141 buffering in cholinergic neurons may be relevant to @entity73 during normal aging. Importantly, @entity460 homeostatic mechanisms of BF cholinergic neurons are amenable to dietary interventions that could promote cognitive health during aging.

title: @entity460 buffering systems and XXXX signaling in aged @entity35 basal forebrain neurons.

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Disturbances of neuronal @entity141 homeostasis are considered to be important determinants of age-related @entity73 . Cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (BF) are principal targets of decline associated with aging and @entity303 . During the last several years, we have attempted to link these concepts in a @entity35 model of 'normal' aging. In this review, we will describe some changes that we have observed in @entity141 signaling of aged BF neurons and the reversal of one of these changes by dietary caloric restriction. Our evidence supports a scenario in which subtle changes in the properties of voltage-gated @entity141 channels result in increased @entity141 influx during aging. This increased @entity141 , in turn, triggers an increase in rapid @entity141 buffering in the somatic compartment of aged BF neurons. However, this nominal 'compensation', along with other changes in @entity141 handling machinery (notably mitochondria) alters the @entity141 signal with age in a way that is dependent on the magnitude of the @entity141 load. By combining whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology, ratiometric @entity141 -sensitive microfluorimetry and single-cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we have determined that age-related rapid buffering changes are present in identified cholinergic BF neurons and that these changes can be prevented by a caloric restriction dietary regimen. Because caloric restriction extends lifespan and retards the progression of age-related dysfunction, these findings suggest that increased @entity141 buffering in cholinergic neurons may be relevant to @entity73 during normal aging. Importantly, @entity460 homeostatic mechanisms of BF cholinergic neurons are amenable to dietary interventions that could promote cognitive health during aging.

title: @entity460 buffering systems and @entity460 signaling in aged XXXX basal forebrain neurons.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity2520 have declined during the last 2-3 decades in many populations. However, the present observations on marginal @entity604 among 326 Norwegian dental @entity1 aged 20-70 years, examined 35 years ago, were similar to comparable data published more recently. Consequently, they did not indicate any tendency towards change over time. Traditionally, the Periodontal Index (PI) has been the method of choice for assessing the prevalence and severity of @entity2520 in epidemiological studies. It was assumed that this may have lead to an overestimation of the periodontal destruction, and that the postulated improvement of the condition partly may be ascribed to methods of analysis rather than reality. The observations seemed to indicate that susceptibility to @entity2520 may not be as universal as was previously thought; the majority of the @entity1 could probably retain a considerable proportion of the supporting bone up in high age by routine prophylaxis and improved home care. On the other hand, @entity79 was a serious problem among a minority of "risk" individuals after the age of 40. This subgroup was estimated to make up about 10% of the population. Similar estimates also appeared in published studies on statistical samples from other populations. The individual resistance to periodontal destruction is probably very important for the marginal bone level. The constituent elements of the resistance concept do, however, need further elucidation.

title: [Marginal XXXX among adults: have the conditions changed since the 1950's?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'destructive periodontal disease', 'periodontal diseases']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity4537 frequently presents a management challenge. Nonhealing wounds with poor response to conventional wound management therapy represent a significant cause of disability, affecting approximately 1% of the global population. Activated @entity3790 is a @entity563 protease with anticoagulant, angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties that has shown efficacy in @entity1 for the treatment of severe @entity295 . We report 4 cases of nonhealing @entity4537 that were treated with activated @entity3790 . OBSERVATIONS: The study included 4 @entity1 whose wounds were not improving despite standard wound treatment for 4 months or more. Activated @entity3790 was applied topically to their wounds once weekly for 4 weeks. All 4 @entity1 showed a rapid positive response to treatment that was maintained during a 4-month follow-up period. The treatment was well tolerated, with no remarkable adverse effects or complications. CONCLUSIONS: Activated @entity3790 can stimulate wound healing in @entity1 with @entity4537 that are refractory to conventional wound-healing therapies. The likely mechanism of action is its recognized ability to stimulate angiogenesis and reepithelialization and to inhibit @entity32 . Activated @entity3790 has potential as a therapeutic option for @entity1 with @entity4537 .

title: Treatment of chronic leg ulcers with topical activated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity4537 :: ('MESH:D012883', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb skin ulcers', 'chronic skin ulcers', 'skin ulcers']

answer: @entity3790 :: (5624,Gene) :: ['protein C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite ongoing controversy, hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) therapy is frequently administered in various clinical situations. Probably because of the unique atmospheric conditions to which the @entity1 is exposed, there are concerns about the safety aspects of this therapy. Possible complications during HBO therapy include @entity75 (middle ear, nasal sinuses, inner ear, lung, teeth), @entity26 @entity137 (central nervous system, lung), confinement @entity148 , and ocular effects ( @entity1714 , @entity231 growth). METHODS: To analyze the medical safety of HBO therapy, this report reviewed complications and side effects of 782 @entity1 treated for various indications with a total of 11,376 HBO therapy sessions within a multiplace chamber. The absolute treatment pressure was 240 or 250 kPa 114 or 15 msw). The compression was performed in a linear manner with 14 to 15 kPa (1.4 to 1.5 msw) x @entity1009 ). All data were gathered prospectively within a special database. RESULTS: More than 17% of all @entity1 experienced @entity158 or discomfort as an expression of problems in equalizing the middle ear pressure. Most episodes were not related to a persistent @entity409 since they only occurred once. @entity227 (ear microscopy) were verified in 3.8% of all @entity1 . @entity1 with sensory deficits involving the ear region need special attention, because they seem to be at risk for @entity397 of the tympanic membrane (three cases documented). A barotrauma of the nasal sinuses occurred rarely and no @entity75 of the inner ear, lung, or teeth were noted. @entity26 @entity137 of the CNS manifested by generalized @entity410 affected four @entity1 without any recognizable risk factors or prodromes. None of the @entity1 suffered recurrences or sequelae. Regular checks of the blood @entity413 in diabetics failed to reveal episodes of @entity4053 as a cause for @entity410 . Lung function tests of @entity1 undergoing prolonged treatment (average 52.8 sessions) did not deteriorate. CONCLUSION: @entity1 scheduled for HBO therapy need a careful pre-examination and monitoring. If safety guidelines are strictly followed, HBO therapy is a modality with an acceptable rate of complications. The predominant complication is represented by pressure equalization problems within the middle ear. Serious complications rarely occur.

title: Complications and side effects of hyperbaric XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Barotraumatic lesions on visual otological examinations']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['barotraumatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['eustachian tube dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prevalence and incidence of diagnosed @entity459 ( @entity459 ) in adults between 1997 and 2006 in Tayside, Scotland, UK. DESIGN: Population-based incidence and prevalence study. @entity1 : All Tayside residents aged 20 years and over with an increased serum @entity460 level (> 2.55 mmol/l) between 1997 and 2006 were included as potential @entity1 . Using a unique @entity1 identifier, data-linkage enabled a data set of @entity459 @entity1 to be created from an algorithm of biochemistry records, nuclear scan records, histology records, hospital clinic letters and community based prescription records. @entity1 having @entity2742 (14.0%) were also identified and were excluded. OUTCOME MEASURES: Age and sex adjusted incidence density and period prevalence were calculated for each year. RESULTS: We identified 2709 @entity1 (70.8% female) diagnosed with @entity459 by the end of 2006. The mean age of @entity1 (68 years SD = 14) was older than that of @entity1 (64 years SD = 15) at baseline. The prevalence of diagnosed @entity459 in Tayside increased from 1.82 per 1000 population in 1997 to 6.72 per 1000 population in 2006 (P < 0.001). Prevalence of @entity459 is higher in females, and the female preponderance increases with age; the annual prevalence ratio between @entity1 and @entity1 is stable at around 2.5 each year. There was a 3-4-year cyclical incidence rate varying from 4.13 to 11.30 per 10 000 @entity1 -years. CONCLUSION: We observed a general increase in the prevalence of diagnosed @entity459 in Tayside, Scotland. The incidence of diagnosis is greater in females than in males and increases with age. The annual incidence followed an apparent cyclic curve during the study period.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in Tayside, Scotland, UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']