abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine risk factors, treatment, and outcomes for @entity390 / @entity391 (N/V) and heartburn during pregnancy. METHODS: We included 2731 @entity1 from a prospective cohort study of @entity1085 in pregnancy. Subjects completed questionnaires at enrollment, early third trimester, and 4-6 weeks postpartum. We used logistic regression to examine independent predictors of @entity344 . RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of pregnant @entity1 experienced either heartburn and/or N/V. Independent predictors for heartburn included prepregnancy heartburn (OR 5.28, 95% CI 3.78-7.37), multigravidity, prepregnancy body mass index, and pregnancy @entity1017 . Independent predictors for N/V included prepregnancy N/V (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.52-3.31), other digestive problems prepregnancy, younger age, single gestation, and carrying a female fetus. 11% of @entity1 with N/V and 47% of @entity1 with heartburn used pharmacologic therapy. @entity1 born to @entity1 with heartburn had significantly higher birth weights (p = 0.03), but gestational age at delivery was not significantly different. N/V was not associated with birth weight or gestational age at delivery. 19.7% of @entity1 with heartburn during pregnancy reported postpartum heartburn. CONCLUSIONS: Heartburn and N/V are common pregnancy symptoms, particularly among @entity1 with a history of such symptoms. Neither condition appears to adversely affect the outcome of pregnancy. Pregnancy-related heartburn predisposes to early postpartum heartburn.

title: XXXX , @entity391 , and heartburn in pregnancy: a prospective look at risk, treatment, and outcome.

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['Nausea']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Thoracoscopic or video-assisted thoracic esophagectomies have been performed for the last 10 years. Nevertheless, some reports have showed a risk of dissemination with endoscopic or video-assisted surgery for @entity5 . This institute experienced three cases of port site recurrence after a thoracoscopic esophagectomy for advanced @entity418 . Following those cases, induction chemo-radiation therapy was performed for @entity1 with advanced @entity418 before thoracoscopic or video-assisted esophagectomy. Since introducing induction chemo-radiation therapy, no @entity1 have experienced port site recurrence after a thoracoscopic or video-assisted esophagectomy for advanced @entity418 . In this study, the two @entity1 groups are compared before and after the introduction of induction chemo-radiation therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between November 1995 and December 2005, thoracoscopic and video-assisted esophagectomies were performed on 112 (72.7%) @entity1 out of 154 who underwent a surgical resection for @entity418 . The histologic type of @entity5 was @entity957 in 109 (97.4%) @entity1 and @entity420 in 3 (2.6%). Ninety-one @entity1 were @entity1 and 21 were @entity1 . The @entity5 was located in the upper thoracic esophagus in 22 (19.6%) @entity1 , the middle thoracic esophagus in 49 (43.8%), the lower thoracic esophagus in 34 (30.4%), and the abdominal esophagus in 7 (6.2%). RESULTS: Before December 1999, port site recurrence occurred in three cases of those of 29 @entity1 with clinical T2-T4 @entity418 from 3 to 6 months after surgery, and @entity1143 was observed in two of those @entity1 . Since January 2000, induction chemo-radiation therapy (low-dose @entity1487 and @entity902 + 40 Gy radiation) has been performed to 31 @entity1 with clinical T2-T4 disease, and port site recurrence has not occurred in any @entity1 who received trimodality therapy. CONCLUSIONS: We think that the trend toward less port site recurrences with induction therapy should be examined in future studies of video-assisted thoracic surgery esophagectomy to confirm our findings.

title: The port site recurrence after a thoracoscopic and video-assisted esophagectomy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural dissemination']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'thoracic and abdominal esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term @entity137 and efficacy of isolated left lung perfusion (ILuP) with @entity136 ( @entity8178 ) were studied in a @entity35 model of metastatic @entity420 . MATERIALS:                 <AbstractText Label=" @entity137 " NlmCategory="RESULTS">Forty @entity35 were randomized into six groups and administered 160 or 320 mg/kg @entity8178 or buffered starch, received either via intravenous injection (i.v.) or via ILuP. Efficacy experiment: @entity35 with unilateral metastases had ILuP with 320 mg/kg @entity8178 (maximally tolerated dose administered by ILuP), while @entity35 with bilateral metastases had an i.v. injection of 160 mg/kg @entity8178 (maximally tolerated dose given by i.v.). RESULTS: @entity137 experiment: After i.v. treatments, all @entity35 receiving 320 mg/kg @entity8178 died within one week, while @entity35 who had received 160 mg/kg @entity8178 had a survival rate of 60%. After ILuP with 160 mg/kg @entity8178 and 320 mg/kg @entity8178 , survival rates were 83% in both groups. A significant increase in collagen deposits was observed for ILuP with 320 mg/kg @entity8178 compared to @entity35 treated i.v. with 160 mg/kg @entity8178 . Efficacy experiment: Median survival of ILuP @entity35 treated with 320 mg/kg (38 +/- 4 days) was significantly longer compared to i.v. @entity35 treated with 160 mg/kg (27 +/- 2 days; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: ILuP with @entity8178 prolongs survival in experimental metastatic @entity420 while no major acute or long term @entity137 is observed.

title: XXXX and efficacy of isolated lung perfusion with @entity136 in a @entity35 model of pulmonary metastases.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'TOXICITY']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term @entity137 and efficacy of isolated left lung perfusion (ILuP) with @entity136 ( @entity8178 ) were studied in a @entity35 model of metastatic @entity420 . MATERIALS:                 <AbstractText Label=" @entity137 " NlmCategory="RESULTS">Forty @entity35 were randomized into six groups and administered 160 or 320 mg/kg @entity8178 or buffered starch, received either via intravenous injection (i.v.) or via ILuP. Efficacy experiment: @entity35 with unilateral metastases had ILuP with 320 mg/kg @entity8178 (maximally tolerated dose administered by ILuP), while @entity35 with bilateral metastases had an i.v. injection of 160 mg/kg @entity8178 (maximally tolerated dose given by i.v.). RESULTS: @entity137 experiment: After i.v. treatments, all @entity35 receiving 320 mg/kg @entity8178 died within one week, while @entity35 who had received 160 mg/kg @entity8178 had a survival rate of 60%. After ILuP with 160 mg/kg @entity8178 and 320 mg/kg @entity8178 , survival rates were 83% in both groups. A significant increase in collagen deposits was observed for ILuP with 320 mg/kg @entity8178 compared to @entity35 treated i.v. with 160 mg/kg @entity8178 . Efficacy experiment: Median survival of ILuP @entity35 treated with 320 mg/kg (38 +/- 4 days) was significantly longer compared to i.v. @entity35 treated with 160 mg/kg (27 +/- 2 days; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: ILuP with @entity8178 prolongs survival in experimental metastatic @entity420 while no major acute or long term @entity137 is observed.

title: @entity137 and efficacy of isolated lung perfusion with XXXX in a @entity35 model of pulmonary metastases.

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term @entity137 and efficacy of isolated left lung perfusion (ILuP) with @entity136 ( @entity8178 ) were studied in a @entity35 model of metastatic @entity420 . MATERIALS:                 <AbstractText Label=" @entity137 " NlmCategory="RESULTS">Forty @entity35 were randomized into six groups and administered 160 or 320 mg/kg @entity8178 or buffered starch, received either via intravenous injection (i.v.) or via ILuP. Efficacy experiment: @entity35 with unilateral metastases had ILuP with 320 mg/kg @entity8178 (maximally tolerated dose administered by ILuP), while @entity35 with bilateral metastases had an i.v. injection of 160 mg/kg @entity8178 (maximally tolerated dose given by i.v.). RESULTS: @entity137 experiment: After i.v. treatments, all @entity35 receiving 320 mg/kg @entity8178 died within one week, while @entity35 who had received 160 mg/kg @entity8178 had a survival rate of 60%. After ILuP with 160 mg/kg @entity8178 and 320 mg/kg @entity8178 , survival rates were 83% in both groups. A significant increase in collagen deposits was observed for ILuP with 320 mg/kg @entity8178 compared to @entity35 treated i.v. with 160 mg/kg @entity8178 . Efficacy experiment: Median survival of ILuP @entity35 treated with 320 mg/kg (38 +/- 4 days) was significantly longer compared to i.v. @entity35 treated with 160 mg/kg (27 +/- 2 days; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: ILuP with @entity8178 prolongs survival in experimental metastatic @entity420 while no major acute or long term @entity137 is observed.

title: @entity137 and efficacy of isolated lung perfusion with @entity136 in a XXXX model of pulmonary metastases.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity195 affects @entity1 in time and space and all dimensions of emotional, cognitive and social life. It is, in return, an unprecedented threat for the family, a disaster for each member of the family. Because of the love story, because of the suffering, the disease remains the relationship between @entity1 and caregiver. We try to approach their suffering according to the carer's reports. Our research, conducted with support from France Alzheimer, aims to understand the nuances of the experience of becoming the accompanying @entity1 , drawing on some key moments of this accompaniment. METHODOLOGY: It is through an exploratory research that we met eight caregivers of @entity1 with @entity195 . Among them, seven were the spouses (four of seven @entity1 are @entity1 ), and one was the daughter of a @entity1 . In a clinical psychological environment, we asked each caregiver the same question: "How would you talk about living or having lived @entity195 ?" Our response will only aim to support words of the @entity1 whenever necessary, but will also propose in difficult and particularly challenging moments, the possibility of sharing to enable the @entity1 to verbalize their emotions. RESULTS: The meeting with some caregivers evidenced the preservation of a particular relationship with the @entity1 , relationship within which the caregiver perceives in return the unspeakable weight of a disease, which works silently. @entity195 induces @entity458 and requires great investment by caregivers, which is grafted on an earlier relationship. We should not consider the modifications in a linear relationship @entity1 -caregiver but in a circular relationship, which complicates the relation of the couple and makes it indecisive. The violence of the confrontation with this disease results from multiple factors: social representations, impact of the diagnosis, evolution of the disease, affectivity and permanent interactions, in spite of the non verbal communication of the @entity1 , which associates a love story, behaviour disorders and the impact on the social circle. The family's responses are for example denial, overprotection, mothering and @entity146 in caregiving in order to maintain the relationship. Becoming a caregiver is difficult because of the limit between professional and caregiver. Accompaniment is not a simple role of watching and caring. Because of the love, because of the strength of the communication which continues even in the absence of words, the investment remains massive and @entity195 opens a distance where the relationship, if it is perturbed, is none the less reactivated, and makes the accompaniment possible, however @entity158 it may be.

title: [The mental stress of the accompaniment in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological modifications']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer'disease", "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: We report a case of intraoperative @entity301 in a 52-year-old male @entity1 undergoing mitral valve replacement. The @entity1 had persistent @entity955 and was treated with oral anticoagulants and, in spite of well controlled anticoagulation, he suffered a transient @entity63 attack. No @entity715 was found by transthoracic echocardiography. Three weeks later open heart surgery was performed. During valve surgery no thrombus was found in the left atrium. When cardiopulmonary bypass was discontinued the heart function rapidly deteriorated and the heart swelled up, became bluish, with left atrial pressure rising to 40 mm Hg. It was noticed that the anterior surface of the left ventricle was not moving. @entity301 was considered. Multiple thrombi were found and removed from the left anterior coronary artery. After successful thrombectomy the @entity1 came off the pump easily. Early and late postoperative course were uneventful. Intraoperative @entity301 should be considered when cardiac function is deteriorating and there is an inability to wean the @entity1 from the pump. Early and correct diagnosis is lifesaving.

title: Surgically treated intraoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary embolism', 'Coronary embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['intracardiac thrombus']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary embolism']


abstract: The analysis of complex biological peptide mixtures by tandem mass spectrometry ( @entity15 / @entity15 ) produces a huge body of @entity4785 ( @entity4785 ) @entity15 / @entity15 spectra. Several methods have been developed for identifying peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs) by assigning @entity15 / @entity15 spectra to peptides in a database. However, most of these methods either do not give the statistical significance of PSMs (e.g., SEQUEST) or employ time-consuming computational methods to estimate the statistical significance (e.g., PeptideProphet). In this paper, we describe a new algorithm, @entity138 , which can be used to identify PSMs and estimate their accuracy statistically in real time. @entity138 first computes PSM scores between an @entity15 / @entity15 spectrum and a set of candidate peptides whose masses are within a preset tolerance of the @entity15 / @entity15 precursor ion mass. Then the computed PSM scores of all candidate peptides are employed to fit the expectation value distribution of the scores into a second-degree polynomial function in PSM score. The statistical significance of the best PSM is estimated by extrapolating the fitting polynomial function to the best PSM score. @entity138 was tested on two pairs of @entity15 / @entity15 spectrum datasets and protein databases to investigate its performance. The @entity15 / @entity15 spectra were acquired using an ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with a nano-electrospray ionization source. The results show that @entity138 has good sensitivity and specificity. Using a 55,577-entry protein database and running on a standard Pentium-4, 2.8-GHz CPU personal computer, @entity138 can process peptide spectra on a sequential, one-by-one basis in 0.047 s on average, compared to more than 7 s per spectrum on average for Sequest and X!Tandem, in their current batch-mode processing implementations. @entity138 is clearly shown to be fast enough for real-time PSM assignment of @entity15 / @entity15 spectra generated every 3 s or so by a 3D ion trap or by a QqTOF instrument.

title: XXXX , a real-time program for peptide-spectrum matching with statistical significance.

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['collision-induced dissociation', 'CID']

answer: @entity138 :: (MESH:C563738,Disease) :: ['RT-PSM']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity2348 have dramatically declined as a cause of @entity204 in the general population, they remain a major cause of mortality in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Moreover, the response to vaccination is profoundly impaired in this population. Dendritic cells ( @entity13128 ) are the major antigen-presenting cells that bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses. Activation of @entity13128 by pathogens results in secretion of inflammatory cytokines and up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules. The activated @entity13128 prime na  ve T and B cells to the captured antigens. METHODS: Using flow cytometry, the number and phenotype of circulating @entity13128 [myeloid @entity13128 ( @entity13128 ) and plasmacytoid @entity13128 (pDC)] were quantified in pre- and post-dialysis blood samples from 20 @entity454 @entity1 maintained on haemodialysis. Ten normal individuals served as controls. In addition, the level of @entity13128 activation and their response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were determined by assessing expression of co-stimulatory molecule, @entity2937 , and @entity1529 , HLA-DR, as well as production of @entity310 , @entity3027 and @entity650 . RESULTS: Compared to the control group, the circulating dendritic cell count was significantly reduced in the @entity454 @entity1 before dialysis and declined further after dialysis. The reduction in pDC numbers was more striking than @entity13128 . The magnitude of the LPS-induced up-regulation of @entity2937 was comparable among the study groups as well as pre- and post-dialysis samples. However, LPS-induced @entity310 production was significantly reduced in the post-dialysis samples with no significant difference in @entity50602 productions among the study groups and in pre- and post-dialysis samples. CONCLUSIONS: @entity454 results in significant @entity13128 depletion which is largely due to diminished plasmacytoid @entity13128 subset. Haemodialysis procedure intensifies @entity13128 depletion and impairs LPS-induced @entity310 production.

title: Effects of XXXX and haemodialysis on dendritic cell subsets and basal and LPS-stimulated cytokine production.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1529 :: ('3105', 'Gene') :: ['antigen-presenting molecule']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: Leukocyte populations change profoundly in the @entity1 endometrium during the menstrual cycle. However the predominant cell, the uterine natural killer (uNK) cell does not contain @entity134 receptors. From gene array analysis we identified a transcript encoding chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 ( @entity15874 ) which is markedly up-regulated in the secretory phase of the cycle. We confirm this data by northern blotting and quantitative PCR. Using in situ hybridization we localized @entity15874 mRNA to the glandular epithelial cells where it was detected only in the secretory phase of the cycle. Candidate @entity1420 response elements were identified at positions -2028/-2007 and -722/-697 (PRE1 and PRE2, respectively) relative to the translation start site. These were functionally tested using luciferase reporter deletion constructs, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and site-directed mutagenesis. The deletion/mutation of these sites reduced @entity1420 induction by 40 and 20%, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that recombinant @entity15874 stimulated uNK cell chemotaxis in vitro. We therefore conclude that @entity15874 is likely to be regulated by @entity1420 in @entity1 endometrium and that it may exert a chemoattractive effect on uNK cells and in part be responsible for their clustering around the epithelial glands.

title: Progestin regulates chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 transcript level in XXXX endometrium.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the differently expressed genes in @entity1 @entity14 . METHODS: The integrated approach for gene expression profiling that couples suppression subtractive hybridization, high-throughput cDNA array, sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. A set of cDNA clones including 1260 SSH inserts amplified by PCR was arrayed using robotic printing. The cDNA arrays were hybridized with fluorescent-labeled probes prepared from RNA of @entity1 @entity14 (HCRAC) and normal colorectal tissues. RESULTS: A total of 86 genes were identified, 16 unknown genes and 70 known genes. The transcription factor Somult9 influencing cell differentiation was downregulated. At the same time, @entity1457 protein 10 KDis downregulated and Calmoulin is up-regulated. CONCLUSION: Downregulation of @entity1457 protein 10 KD lost its inhibition of Ras, and then attenuated the Ras GTPase signaling pathway, increased cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. Down-regulated transcription factor Somult9 influences cell differentiation and cell-specific gene expression. Down-regulated Somult9 also decreases its binding to calmodulin, accumulates calmodulin as receptor-activated kinase and phosphorylase kinase due to the activation of PhK.

title: Identification of differently expressed genes in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the differently expressed genes in @entity1 @entity14 . METHODS: The integrated approach for gene expression profiling that couples suppression subtractive hybridization, high-throughput cDNA array, sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, and reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. A set of cDNA clones including 1260 SSH inserts amplified by PCR was arrayed using robotic printing. The cDNA arrays were hybridized with fluorescent-labeled probes prepared from RNA of @entity1 @entity14 (HCRAC) and normal colorectal tissues. RESULTS: A total of 86 genes were identified, 16 unknown genes and 70 known genes. The transcription factor Somult9 influencing cell differentiation was downregulated. At the same time, @entity1457 protein 10 KDis downregulated and Calmoulin is up-regulated. CONCLUSION: Downregulation of @entity1457 protein 10 KD lost its inhibition of Ras, and then attenuated the Ras GTPase signaling pathway, increased cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. Down-regulated transcription factor Somult9 influences cell differentiation and cell-specific gene expression. Down-regulated Somult9 also decreases its binding to calmodulin, accumulates calmodulin as receptor-activated kinase and phosphorylase kinase due to the activation of PhK.

title: Identification of differently expressed genes in XXXX @entity14 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In the early 1960's lymphography was received enthusiastically. Expectations were high that a very accurate diagnostic method for the detection of @entity3 had been found. This enthusiasm subsided after it became apparent that small lesions could not be discerned and that the images demonstrated were frequently nonspecific. Better correlation was achieved with advanced stages of @entity5 but because the presence of @entity3 was usually already known, it was questionable if the lymphogram contributed much to the management of the @entity1 . In recent years, after the examination was placed in its proper prospective, the value and status of lymphography in @entity1 with @entity5 were reassessed. The radiographic findings were divided into direct, or actual demonstration of metastastases, and indirect changes--those changes resulting from replacement of lymph nodes or blockage of the vessels by @entity3 . Lymphography proved particularly valuable in the diagnosis and staging of @entity1 with @entity5 arising from such organs as cervix, uterus, vulva, ovary, and from @entity5 arising from the prostate, testicles, and penis. It also proved valuable in the assessment of extension of disease in @entity320 of the extremities. The value of the positive lymphogram is easy to assess. However, when one encounters a "normal" lymphogram, one must realize that this does not exclude the presence of @entity3 ; it merely demonstrates that the the time of the study no lesions were recognized in visualized lymph nodes. Therefore, the negative lymphogram should not result in any modification of treatment which would have been prescribed under the same clinical circumstances if one did not have the lymphogram at hand.

title: Current status of lymphography in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: In the early 1960's lymphography was received enthusiastically. Expectations were high that a very accurate diagnostic method for the detection of @entity3 had been found. This enthusiasm subsided after it became apparent that small lesions could not be discerned and that the images demonstrated were frequently nonspecific. Better correlation was achieved with advanced stages of @entity5 but because the presence of @entity3 was usually already known, it was questionable if the lymphogram contributed much to the management of the @entity1 . In recent years, after the examination was placed in its proper prospective, the value and status of lymphography in @entity1 with @entity5 were reassessed. The radiographic findings were divided into direct, or actual demonstration of metastastases, and indirect changes--those changes resulting from replacement of lymph nodes or blockage of the vessels by @entity3 . Lymphography proved particularly valuable in the diagnosis and staging of @entity1 with @entity5 arising from such organs as cervix, uterus, vulva, ovary, and from @entity5 arising from the prostate, testicles, and penis. It also proved valuable in the assessment of extension of disease in @entity320 of the extremities. The value of the positive lymphogram is easy to assess. However, when one encounters a "normal" lymphogram, one must realize that this does not exclude the presence of @entity3 ; it merely demonstrates that the the time of the study no lesions were recognized in visualized lymph nodes. Therefore, the negative lymphogram should not result in any modification of treatment which would have been prescribed under the same clinical circumstances if one did not have the lymphogram at hand.

title: Current status of lymphography in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the organ specificity of sine wave electrical stimulation of the bladder through assessment of the expression of @entity5019 -immunoreactive (IR) cells in @entity35 spinal cord regions. METHODS: A total of 37 female @entity35 were divided into 8 groups: sham stimulation; 5, 250, and 2000 Hz stimulation with 1.5- or 2.0-mA intensity; and a group instilled with @entity2951 in the bladder. Using a recently developed bladder sensory threshold device, sine wave electrical stimulation was applied for 90 minutes to the @entity35 bladder. The spinal cord was harvested after the @entity35 were killed. The @entity5019 -IR cells in the spinal regions of the medial dorsal horn, lateral dorsal horn, dorsal commissure, and sacral parasympathetic nucleus were measured. The distributions of the @entity5019 -IR neurons were compared. RESULTS: The maximal expression of @entity5019 -IR cells, induced by 250- and 5-Hz stimulation of the bladder, was found at L6 of the spinal cord and was significantly greater than that in the control group (P<.01). Stimulation with 2000 Hz did not induce any @entity5019 -IR cells. @entity5019 -IR neurons were predominantly seen in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus region in response to 250-Hz stimulation and in the dorsal commissure region in response to 5-Hz stimulation. The number of positive neurons was similar to the number caused by @entity2951 instillation. CONCLUSION: Frequency-specific sine wave electrical stimulation of the @entity35 bladder induced the expression of @entity5019 -IR cells in a neuroselective manner. The bladder sensory threshold device could be used for exploration of the pathophysiology of diseases with disturbances of the afferent pathway of the bladder.

title: Efficacy of neuroselective and site-specific nociceptive stimuli of XXXX bladder.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Runway tests are considered indicative of underlying sociality in birds and their ability to make social discriminations and establish interactions among conspecifics. Herein, social reinstatement behavior in male juvenile @entity5872 selected for a reduced ( @entity8433 , low stress) or exaggerated ( @entity8682 , high stress) adrenocortical response to brief mechanical restraint was evaluated. Individual males were given the choice to reinstate with either 2 (low density, LD) or 8 (high density, @entity2033 ) unfamiliar randombred conspecifics placed in goal boxes at opposite ends of a two-choice runway (TCRW). Then, the same males were individually retested in a single goal box runway wherein they were exposed to a goal box containing either a LD or a @entity2033 of males. In the TCRW, a higher (P < 0.01) number of @entity8682 males started their ambulation toward the goal box containing the @entity2033 as opposed to LD of conspecifics. The @entity8682 males also spent more (P < 0.01) time in close proximity (within a 10-cm close zone; CZ) to the @entity2033 (218 s) rather than LD (57 s) of conspecifics. In contrast, the @entity8433 males did not differ in their initial direction of travel and they spent similar average amounts of times in the CZ of their stimulus LD (141 s) and @entity2033 (124 s) conspecifics. Similar to the TCRW results, in the single goal box runway, @entity8682 males spent more (P < 0.01) time in the CZ of @entity2033 rather than LD conspecifics, whereas @entity8433 quail spent similar amounts of time in the CZ of LD and @entity2033 males. Considering that runways are novel (and therefore frightening) environments, our findings suggest that @entity8682 quail may find better shelter (i.e., more comfort) in close proximity to a larger rather than smaller group of conspecifics, whereas @entity8433 birds find groups of varying conspecific density equally attractive. The results suggest that @entity8433 quail possess favorable social adaptive qualities because they appear to be better suited to cope with situations where the density of conspecifics is variable.

title: Effect of the density of conspecifics on runway social reinstatement behavior of male XXXX genetically selected for contrasting adrenocortical responsiveness to stress.

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quail']


abstract: AIM: To establish a new, reliable vomit model of minks. METHODS: Adult male minks were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=6): @entity900 (7.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) group, @entity3973 (40 mg/kg) intragastric injection (i.g.) group, @entity3826 (1.6 mg/kg) subcutaneous injection (s.c.) group, and 18 Gy whole-body X-irradiation group, @entity3974 injection group (2 mg/kg i.p.) 30 min later followed by @entity900 (7.5 mg/kg) i.p., normal saline (NS) i.p. injection control group, @entity1769 injection group (4 mg/kg i.p.) 30 min later followed by @entity3826 (1.6 mg/kg) s.c., NS i.g. control group. The frequency of @entity391 was calculated. After behavioral experiment, distribution of @entity750 in the ileum was detected by immunohistologic method. RESULTS: @entity900 , @entity3826 , @entity3973 and X-irradiation administered to minks evoked a profound emetic response in the animals. However, @entity391 were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with @entity3974 and @entity1769 in @entity900 and @entity3973 groups (P=0.018). Immunohistologic result showed that @entity750 released from enterochromaffin cells (EC cells) was involved in @entity391 mechanism. CONCLUSION: @entity46270 vomit model has a great value in studying the @entity391 mechanism and screening new antiemetic drugs.

title: Value of XXXX vomit model in study of anti-emetic drugs.

entities_list: @entity3973 :: ('MESH:D019327', 'Chemical') :: ['copper sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['retching and vomiting', 'vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

answer: @entity46270 :: (50488,Gene) :: ['mink']


abstract: Natural selection defined our genotype as athletes who sleep 8-9 h each night. Physical activity and sleep exhibit positive synergy, whereby each optimizes quality of and capability for the other. Our sedentary, sleep-restricted lifestyle conflicts with our genotype to generate pathophysiologic phenotypes, especially @entity28 . Insufficient sleep is pandemic, and other @entity25 are increasingly common. @entity22 promotes @entity28 due to inactivity from sleepiness and to metabolic changes. Obesity is the primary risk factor for @entity27 , which commonly disrupts sleep. This represents one of many pathophysiologic vicious cycles involving inactivity, @entity25 , and @entity28 . Solutions include better education of the medical community, which remains surprisingly ignorant about these disease processes and therapeutic advantages of exercise and sleep repletion. Doctors commonly prescribe medications with @entity25 or weight-gain side effects instead of lifestyle modifications. Lifestyle improvements often provide superior treatment to medications and impose no side effects.

title: The role of @entity22 in physical inactivity and its relationship to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'sleep disruption']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep dysfunction']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Natural selection defined our genotype as athletes who sleep 8-9 h each night. Physical activity and sleep exhibit positive synergy, whereby each optimizes quality of and capability for the other. Our sedentary, sleep-restricted lifestyle conflicts with our genotype to generate pathophysiologic phenotypes, especially @entity28 . Insufficient sleep is pandemic, and other @entity25 are increasingly common. @entity22 promotes @entity28 due to inactivity from sleepiness and to metabolic changes. Obesity is the primary risk factor for @entity27 , which commonly disrupts sleep. This represents one of many pathophysiologic vicious cycles involving inactivity, @entity25 , and @entity28 . Solutions include better education of the medical community, which remains surprisingly ignorant about these disease processes and therapeutic advantages of exercise and sleep repletion. Doctors commonly prescribe medications with @entity25 or weight-gain side effects instead of lifestyle modifications. Lifestyle improvements often provide superior treatment to medications and impose no side effects.

title: The role of XXXX in physical inactivity and its relationship to @entity28 .

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['sleep dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity28 has been identified as an important factor of elevated @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT), a surrogate of @entity1561 . We investigated the relationship between @entity28 and @entity42685 in the general Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study sample was comprised of 3098 Korean adults who had participated in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. @entity28 was assessed using body mass index (BMI). Overweight (23< or =BMI<25) and @entity28 (BMI> or =25) were defined by the International @entity28 Task Force for Asian adults. ALT was measured by enzymatic methods. @entity42685 was defined as an enzyme activity >40 IU/l for @entity1 and >31 IU/l for @entity1 . RESULTS: Among @entity1 , 246 (12.7%) @entity1 and 86 (7.4%) @entity1 displayed @entity42685 . BMI was significantly higher in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity42685 than those with normal ALT (P<0.0001). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for @entity42685 increased according to the degree of BMI in @entity1 (OR: 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25-2.93 in overweight vs OR: 5.01, 95% CI: 3.49-7.21 in @entity28 ; P<0.0001) and @entity1 (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.24-4.82 vs OR: 3.94, 95% CI: 2.18-7.13; P<0.0001). This trend did not differ after adjustment for putative risk factors including @entity167 intake in @entity1 (OR: 1.56 vs OR: 3.47, P<0.0001) and @entity1 (OR: 1.55 vs OR: 3.10, P=0.0015). CONCLUSION: BMI is implicated as a strong risk factor of @entity42685 in non-diabetic Korean adults.

title: Relationship between body mass index and XXXX aminotransferase concentration in non-diabetic Korean adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity42685 :: ('MESH:C536414', 'Disease') :: ['Elevated ALT', 'elevated ALT']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity493 :: (CHEBI:16449,Chemical) :: ['alanine']


abstract: The bacteria @entity35549 and @entity21059 cause @entity66 in the grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), an important pasture pest in New Zealand. Disease symptoms include rapid cessation of feeding and amber coloration of larvae. A 105-kb plasmid (designated pADAP) has consistently been found only in pathogenic isolates of both species. Investigations into the involvement of pADAP in @entity66 have been hindered by the lack of both a selectable marker on the plasmid and a reliable transposon delivery system. @entity7913 -resistant transposon insertions into three cloned HindIII fragments (9.5, 9.6, and 10.6 kb) were isolated and introduced into pADAP by shuttle mutagenesis. Inserts into the 9.5-and 9.6-kb HindIII fragments on pADAP did not alter disease-causing ability. When plasmids with inserts into the 9.6-kb region were conjugated into plasmid-minus, nonpathogenic isolates of @entity35549 and @entity21059 , all of them became pathogenic. Transposon insertions into two regions of the 10.6-kb HindIII fragment continued to cause cessation of feeding but failed to produce amber coloration. Further analysis of a mutant from each amber-minus region (pADK-10 and pADK-13) demonstrated that the antifeeding effect was produced only at dosages higher than that of the wild-type strain. Complementation with the wild-type HindIII fragment restored full-blown disease properties for pADK-13, but not for pADK-10.

title: Genes Essential for Amber Disease in Grass Grubs Are Located on the Large Plasmid Found in XXXX and @entity21059 .

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['Kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity21059 :: ('28151', 'Species') :: ['S. proteamaculans']

entities_list: @entity35549 :: ('42906', 'Species') :: ['Serratia entomophila', 'S. entomophila']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['amber disease']

answer: @entity35549 :: (42906,Species) :: ['Serratia entomophila']


abstract: The bacteria @entity35549 and @entity21059 cause @entity66 in the grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), an important pasture pest in New Zealand. Disease symptoms include rapid cessation of feeding and amber coloration of larvae. A 105-kb plasmid (designated pADAP) has consistently been found only in pathogenic isolates of both species. Investigations into the involvement of pADAP in @entity66 have been hindered by the lack of both a selectable marker on the plasmid and a reliable transposon delivery system. @entity7913 -resistant transposon insertions into three cloned HindIII fragments (9.5, 9.6, and 10.6 kb) were isolated and introduced into pADAP by shuttle mutagenesis. Inserts into the 9.5-and 9.6-kb HindIII fragments on pADAP did not alter disease-causing ability. When plasmids with inserts into the 9.6-kb region were conjugated into plasmid-minus, nonpathogenic isolates of @entity35549 and @entity21059 , all of them became pathogenic. Transposon insertions into two regions of the 10.6-kb HindIII fragment continued to cause cessation of feeding but failed to produce amber coloration. Further analysis of a mutant from each amber-minus region (pADK-10 and pADK-13) demonstrated that the antifeeding effect was produced only at dosages higher than that of the wild-type strain. Complementation with the wild-type HindIII fragment restored full-blown disease properties for pADK-13, but not for pADK-10.

title: Genes Essential for Amber Disease in Grass Grubs Are Located on the Large Plasmid Found in @entity35549 and XXXX .

answer: @entity21059 :: (28151,Species) :: ['Serratia proteamaculans']


abstract: @entity32174 ( @entity32174 ) is an iminosugar recently introduced in therapeutic as potential alternative therapy in disorders found in several diseases such as @entity1051 , Gaucher or @entity8706 . A highly sensitive liquid-chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed for the quantification of miglustat in @entity1 plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ( @entity2841 ). The sample preparation consists in a simple protein precipitation with a mixture of @entity1626 / @entity1042 (75/25) which yields 100% recovery. The isocratic separation utilizes an Atlantis Hilic (3 microm, 150 mm x 2.1 mm) column, with a mobile phase of @entity1626 /water/ @entity6190 buffer (75/10/15, v/v/v) delivered at 230 microl/min. Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode was used with the transitions m/z 220-->158 for the miglustat and m/z 208-->m/z 146 for the @entity35855 (internal standard). Good linearity was observed in a range from 125 to 2500 ng/ml and from 50 to 1000 ng/ml, for @entity2841 , respectively. The within-run precision of the assay was less than 6%, and the between-run run precision was less than 6.5%, for six replicates at each of three concentrations and evaluated on three separated days for both @entity2841 mediums. Assay accuracy was in the range of 98-106.5%. Stability of miglustat was reported under a variety of storage conditions. The miglustat concentrations in two @entity1 are presented to demonstrate the clinical interest of this new method.

title: Rapid quantification of miglustat in XXXX plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity8706 :: ('MESH:D009542', 'Disease') :: ['Niemann-Pick diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: An estimated 60% of all adolescent pregnancies in low-income countries are unintended. The present study was carried out at the university hospital in Lusaka, Zambia over a four-month period in 2005. The aim was to explore experiences of @entity393 and to ascertain the @entity1 's contraceptive knowledge and use and their partner's involvement in the pregnancy/ @entity5852 . Eighty-seven @entity1 aged 13-19 years admitted to hospital for @entity6003 were interviewed. Of these @entity1 , 53 (61%) had had a spontaneous @entity5852 and 34 (39%) had undergone an unsafe induced @entity5852 . Significantly more @entity1 with an unsafe induced @entity5852 were single, students, had completed more years in school and were in less stable relationships. @entity1 ' overall contraceptive knowledge and use was low and most pregnancies were unplanned. Partners played a decisive role in terminating pregnancy through unsafe induced @entity5852 . Traditional healers, @entity1 themselves and health professionals were the main @entity5852 providers. Young @entity1 's health risks due to unprotected sex and lack of contraceptive services should urgently be addressed. The existence of the @entity5852 law and access to emergency contraception should be better publicized in Zambia.

title: Pregnancy loss: spontaneous and induced abortions among young XXXX in Lusaka, Zambia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'girl', 'girls', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity6003 :: ('MESH:D000027', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete abortions']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory mechanisms and immune activation have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of age-associated diseases, including @entity195 . PURPOSE: The evaluation of inflammatory markers in @entity1 with @entity303 , and to determine whether these markers can be used to differentiate between @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ) and @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty demented @entity1 (10 @entity195 and 10 @entity1294 ) and 20 non-demented controls were subjected to clinical evaluation, MRI brain scans and laboratory tests, including @entity650 , @entity1851 and serum protein electrophoresis. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed that serum levels of @entity650 and @entity1851 were significantly elevated among @entity1 with both types of @entity303 compared to normal elderly subjects. Although the mean @entity650 level was higher in @entity1 with @entity195 compared to @entity1 with @entity1294 , this difference was not significant. The cutoff value at which the serum level of @entity650 gave maximum sensitivity and specificity was 14.25 pg/ml. Moreover, a   - and a   -globulins were able to discriminate between @entity195 and @entity1294 (being significantly higher in @entity195 ). CONCLUSION: @entity650 levels could be used to differentiate @entity303 from normal aging. Moreover, a   - and a   -globulins could differentiate between @entity195 and @entity1294 . It can be concluded that @entity32 plays an important role in both types of @entity303 .

title: Role of XXXX and alpha-globulins in differentiating @entity1294 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['VD', 'vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's dementia"]

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin 6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory mechanisms and immune activation have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of age-associated diseases, including @entity195 . PURPOSE: The evaluation of inflammatory markers in @entity1 with @entity303 , and to determine whether these markers can be used to differentiate between @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ) and @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty demented @entity1 (10 @entity195 and 10 @entity1294 ) and 20 non-demented controls were subjected to clinical evaluation, MRI brain scans and laboratory tests, including @entity650 , @entity1851 and serum protein electrophoresis. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed that serum levels of @entity650 and @entity1851 were significantly elevated among @entity1 with both types of @entity303 compared to normal elderly subjects. Although the mean @entity650 level was higher in @entity1 with @entity195 compared to @entity1 with @entity1294 , this difference was not significant. The cutoff value at which the serum level of @entity650 gave maximum sensitivity and specificity was 14.25 pg/ml. Moreover, a   - and a   -globulins were able to discriminate between @entity195 and @entity1294 (being significantly higher in @entity195 ). CONCLUSION: @entity650 levels could be used to differentiate @entity303 from normal aging. Moreover, a   - and a   -globulins could differentiate between @entity195 and @entity1294 . It can be concluded that @entity32 plays an important role in both types of @entity303 .

title: Role of @entity650 and alpha-globulins in differentiating XXXX .

answer: @entity1294 :: (MESH:D015140,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer and vascular dementias']


abstract: Along with purge and moisture control, @entity26 scavenging is a prominent active packaging technology employed by many food processors. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an @entity26 scavenger system (OSS) on the shelf life of preservative-free tortillas stored at varying storage conditions. The shelf life of the tortillas was evaluated at @entity2315 ( @entity2315 ; 37   C, 75% relative humidity [rh]), @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ; 22   C, 57% rh), and refrigeration (R; 4   C, 42% rh) conditions. The OSS consisted of a multilayer, coextruded bag paired with an @entity26 scavenger sachet. A resealable bag made of low-density @entity691 /linear low-density @entity691 was used as a control. The diameter, thickness, CIELab color, water activity, pH, texture, and microbial growth within the sample tortillas were measured before and after exposure to the storage conditions. The results showed that the OSS had superiority when compared to the control. The weight and thickness under @entity1054 remained unchanged, while lightness was superior to the control under R conditions. Under @entity2315 , gradient remained constant, and force followed the same pattern under @entity1054 and R conditions. At the same time, microbial growth as measured by aerobic plate count and @entity375 and molds showed no changes under both @entity2315 and @entity1054 conditions. Future studies will investigate the effect of a faster acting @entity26 scavenger on shelf life of this type of tortillas. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results of this study show promise for the use of @entity26 scavenging technology in the packaging of natural and preservative-free tortillas.

title: Effect of an XXXX scavenger on the stability of preservative-free flour tortillas.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['accelerated storage', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'room temperature']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is still no general agreement as to which @entity1 suffering from attacks of @entity656 should undergo emergent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with subsequent endoscopic intervention (endoscopic papilotomy, stent placement etc.). Many authors have described large differences in @entity1904 (PTC) serum levels in @entity1 suffering from @entity788 as opposed to @entity1 whose acute @entity788 is based on toxic etiology. Therefore, we have investigated the correlation of @entity1904 serum levels with the presence of @entity253 in @entity1 undergoing ERCP examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1.8.2004 to 31.3.2005, 97 @entity1 undergoing ERCP were enrolled into the study. Blood samples were taken from each @entity1 just before their ERCP examinations, and @entity10921 serum levels were subsequently correlated to ERCP findings. RESULTS: ERCP examinations were completed in 90 out of 97 @entity1 . @entity1448 were confirmed in 61 out of 90 @entity1 and the mean serum level of PTC was 0.078 ng/ml. In the remaining 29 @entity1 ERCP revealed normal findings and the mean @entity10921 value was 0.069 ng/ml. There was no statistical correlation between @entity10921 serum levels and the presence of @entity253 on ERCP findings. CONCLUSION: The measurement of @entity10921 serum levels is of no help in the identification of @entity1 , who should undergo emergent ERCP due to @entity656 (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 6).

title: The correlation of @entity1904 serum levels with the presence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute biliary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['Bile ducts obstructions']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is still no general agreement as to which @entity1 suffering from attacks of @entity656 should undergo emergent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with subsequent endoscopic intervention (endoscopic papilotomy, stent placement etc.). Many authors have described large differences in @entity1904 (PTC) serum levels in @entity1 suffering from @entity788 as opposed to @entity1 whose acute @entity788 is based on toxic etiology. Therefore, we have investigated the correlation of @entity1904 serum levels with the presence of @entity253 in @entity1 undergoing ERCP examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1.8.2004 to 31.3.2005, 97 @entity1 undergoing ERCP were enrolled into the study. Blood samples were taken from each @entity1 just before their ERCP examinations, and @entity10921 serum levels were subsequently correlated to ERCP findings. RESULTS: ERCP examinations were completed in 90 out of 97 @entity1 . @entity1448 were confirmed in 61 out of 90 @entity1 and the mean serum level of PTC was 0.078 ng/ml. In the remaining 29 @entity1 ERCP revealed normal findings and the mean @entity10921 value was 0.069 ng/ml. There was no statistical correlation between @entity10921 serum levels and the presence of @entity253 on ERCP findings. CONCLUSION: The measurement of @entity10921 serum levels is of no help in the identification of @entity1 , who should undergo emergent ERCP due to @entity656 (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 6).

title: The correlation of XXXX serum levels with the presence of @entity253 .

answer: @entity1904 :: (MESH:C029100,Chemical) :: ['procalcitonin']


abstract: @entity1 with recurrent @entity177 are generally regarded as having a poor prognosis, and when female age exceeds 35 yrs such @entity1 face a particularly @entity22485 outlook. This study reported on blastocyst transfer (BT) performed over a five-year interval in @entity1 seeking "second opinion" after multiple failed IVF cycles. Clinical features and reproductive outcomes were compared between two sets of poor-prognosis IVF @entity1 undergoing BT for the first time, the initial group underwent treatment in 2002 (n=66) and a second group presented five years later (n=392). The two clinical sets had no @entity1 in common. The 2002 group had an average of 3.5 (+/- 1.1) prior failed IVF cycles at baseline, and mean (+/- SD) @entity1 age was 36.4 (+/- 3.9) yrs. Average number of oocytes retrieved in this group was 10.4 (+/- 5.3) with a fertilisation rate of 58.8%. Although @entity1167 resulted in no transfer for 19 @entity1 (28.8%), clinical pregnancy was achieved for 59.6% of transfers. Five years later, 392 @entity1 underwent BT, but this group had an average of 4.5 (+/- 2.3) prior failed IVF cycles. Mean (+/- SD) female age was 36.0 (+/- 3.9) yrs, and the average number of oocytes retrieved in this group was 9.1 (+/- 5.4); the fertilisation rate was 59.5%. No @entity2085 were available for transfer in 99 cases (25.3%); clinical pregnancy was achieved for 50.0% of transfers. The number of @entity2085 transferred was similar in the two groups (1.6 vs. 1.3; p=0.06); the twinning rate rose slightly from 8.2% to 15.1% (p=0.12) despite an increased utilisation of single embryo transfer in 2007 (19.7% vs. 22.2%; p=0.40). Comparisons from 2002 and 2007 found no important differences between the two @entity1 groups, except for a significantly higher rate of prior failed cycles in the 2007 group (p<0.001). This refractoriness was accompanied by a somewhat reduced blastocyst cryopreservation rate in 2007, compared to 2002 (27.6% vs. 29.5%; p=0.44). Clinical pregnancy rates are not adversely affected by application of BT in @entity1 with multiple prior unsuccessful IVF cycles. For these @entity1 , our data suggest that extended embryo culture and BT should be considered. Further controlled studies are needed to document more precisely the role of BT in this sub-set of refractory IVF @entity1 .

title: Blastocyst transfer for multiple prior XXXX : a five year descriptive study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['blastocysts']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['IVF failure']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['embryo arrest']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['IVF failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aromatic anesthetics exhibit a wide range of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor inhibitory potencies and immobilizing activities. We sought to characterize the molecular basis of @entity143 receptor inhibition using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), and compare the results to those from an equivalent model for immobilizing activity. METHODS: Published potency data for 14 compounds were supplemented with new values for 2 additional agents. The anesthetics were divided into a training set (n = 12) used to formulate the activity models and a test set (n = 4) used to independently assess the models' predictive capability. The anesthetic structures were geometry optimized using ab initio quantum mechanics and aligned by field-fit minimization to provide the best correlation between the steric and electrostatic fields of the molecules and one or more lead structures. Orientations that yielded CoMFA models with the greatest predictive capability (assessed by leave-one-out cross-validation) were retained. RESULTS: The final CoMFA model for the inhibition of @entity6806 / @entity13069 @entity143 receptors explained 99.3% of the variance in the observed activities of the 12 training set agents (F(2,)(9) = 661.5, P < 0.0001). The model effectively predicted inhibitory potency for the training set (cross-validated r(2)(CV) = 0.944) and 4 excluded test set compounds (predictive r(2)( @entity16723 ) = 0.966). The equivalent model for immobility in response to noxious stimuli explained 98.0% of the variance in the observed activities for the training set (F(2,)(9) = 219.2, P < 0.0001) and exhibited adequate predictive capability for both the training set (r(2)(CV) = 0.872) and test set (r(2)( @entity16723 ) = 0.926) agents. Comparison of pharmacophoric maps showed that several key steric and electrostatic regions were common to both activity models, but differences were observed in the relative importance of these key regions with respect to the two aspects of anesthetic activity. CONCLUSIONS: The similarities in the pharmacophoric maps are consistent with @entity143 receptors contributing part of the immobilizing activity of volatile aromatic anesthetics.

title: A comparison of the molecular bases for XXXX -receptor inhibition versus immobilizing activities of volatile aromatic anesthetics.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-d-aspartate']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: CONTEXT: Widespread mass screening of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) is not recommended because the balance between benefits and harms is still not well established. The achieved mortality reduction comes with considerable harm such as unnecessary biopsies, overdiagnoses, and overtreatment. Therefore, @entity1 stratification with regard to @entity263 risk and @entity146 is necessary to identify those @entity1 who are at risk and may actually benefit from early detection. OBJECTIVE: This review critically examines the current evidence regarding risk-based @entity263 screening. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A search of the literature was performed using the Medline database. Further studies were selected based on manual searches of reference lists and review articles. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: @entity1486 has been shown to be the single most significant predictive factor for identifying @entity1 at increased risk of developing @entity263 . Especially in @entity1 with no additional risk factors, @entity1486 alone provides an appropriate marker up to 30 yr into the future. After assessment of an early @entity1486 test, the screening frequency may be determined based on individualized risk. A limited list of additional factors such as age, comorbidity, prostate volume, family history, ethnicity, and previous biopsy status have been identified to modify risk and are important for consideration in routine practice. In @entity1 with a known @entity1486 , risk calculators may hold the promise of identifying those who are at increased risk of having @entity263 and are therefore candidates for biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1486 testing may serve as the foundation for a more risk-based assessment. However, the decision to undergo early @entity1486 testing should be a shared one between the @entity1 and his physician based on information balancing its advantages and disadvantages.

title: Risk-based XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of lessons in the Alexander technique, massage therapy, and advice from a doctor to take exercise (exercise prescription) along with nurse delivered behavioural counselling for @entity1 with @entity615 . DESIGN: Factorial randomised trial. Setting 64 general practices in England. @entity1 : 579 @entity1 with chronic or recurrent @entity1643 ; 144 were randomised to normal care, 147 to massage, 144 to six Alexander technique lessons, and 144 to 24 Alexander technique lessons; half of each of these groups were randomised to exercise prescription. INTERVENTIONS: Normal care (control), six sessions of massage, six or 24 lessons on the Alexander technique, and prescription for exercise from a doctor with nurse delivered behavioural counselling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Roland Morris disability score (number of activities impaired by @entity158 ) and number of days in @entity158 . RESULTS: Exercise and lessons in the Alexander technique, but not massage, remained effective at one year (compared with control Roland disability score 8.1: massage -0.58, 95% confidence interval -1.94 to 0.77, six lessons -1.40, -2.77 to -0.03, 24 lessons -3.4, -4.76 to -2.03, and exercise -1.29, -2.25 to -0.34). Exercise after six lessons achieved 72% of the effect of 24 lessons alone (Roland disability score -2.98 and -4.14, respectively). Number of days with @entity615 in the past four weeks were lower after lessons (compared with control median 21 days: 24 lessons -18, six lessons -10, massage -7) and quality of life improved significantly. No significant harms were reported. CONCLUSIONS: One to one lessons in the Alexander technique from registered teachers have long term benefits for @entity1 with @entity615 . Six lessons followed by exercise prescription were nearly as effective as 24 lessons.

title: Randomised controlled trial of Alexander technique lessons, exercise, and massage (ATEAM) for chronic and recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic or recurrent back pain', 'chronic back pain', 'back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: Many studies have described the diversity of @entity1352 in terms of its biological characteristics and clinical features. Moreover, much effort has been expended on the identification of prognostic factors because of unpredictable behaviors of @entity1352 . However, with the exception of @entity5 size, published results have been inconsistent. We attempted to identify independent risk factors using survival analysis. Forty-one consecutive @entity1 with @entity1352 were prospectively followed from January 1997 to March 2008. Overall and progression-free survival for age, sex, @entity5 size, @entity5 location, @entity3 at presentation, histologic subtype, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and resection margin were analyzed, and standard multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate potential prognostic factors. @entity5 size (>5 cm), nonlimb-based @entity5 , @entity3 at presentation, and a monophasic subtype were associated with poorer overall survival. Multivariate analysis showed @entity3 at presentation and monophasic @entity5 subtype affected overall survival. For the progression-free survival, monophasic subtype was found to be only 1 prognostic factor. The study confirmed that histologic subtype is the single most important independent prognostic factors of @entity1352 regardless of @entity5 stage.

title: Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcomas', 'synovial sarcoma']

answer: @entity1352 :: (MESH:D013584,Disease) :: ['synovial sarcoma']


abstract: Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in skeletally immature @entity1 is controversial. The growth plate could be damaged if treated with the reconstruction techniques used to treat instability in adults. For this reason, many authors postpone surgical treatment until skeletal maturity, but the acceptable length of time that treatment can be postponed without causing irreversible damage to the articular cartilage in @entity1 with @entity130 is unknown. Until now, no studies have described the pathological findings and the evolution of the lesions of the articular cartilage during the growing period. For this reason, an experimental study on 16 6-month-old, skeletally immature @entity1237 was performed. A complete @entity75 was achieved by removing the ligament. Two animals per group were sacrificed at intervals of 1, 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively, and macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were performed. The presence of @entity130 and articular cartilage lesions with progressive aspects were histologically underlined. The hystological observations showed that the complete @entity75 causes irreversible articular cartilage alterations in growing @entity1237 3 months after injury. These experimental data suggest that ACL reconstruction in growing @entity1 with @entity130 and instability should be indicated without waiting until skeletal maturity.

title: The effects of anterior cruciate ligament lesion on the articular cartilage of growing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ACL lesion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ACL injury', 'meniscal injury']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: MET (Met proto-oncogene) activation either by gene amplification or mutation is implicated in various types of @entity1 @entity5 . For @entity2 , @entity74 is reported to occur in a subset of @entity420 . Although somatic mutations of @entity2220 are rare, all but one of those reported so far entail a splice mutation deleting the juxtamembrane domain for binding the c-Cbl E3-ligase; normally such binding leads to ubiquitination and receptor degradation, and loss of this domain leads to MET activation. The purpose of this study was to clarify in the role of MET activation in lung carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MET gene copy number was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 187 of the @entity1 with @entity2 and the MET gene splice mutation deleting the juxtamembrane domain was examined by direct sequencing in 262. The results were correlated with various clinical and pathologic features including mutations of the @entity470 , @entity984 , and @entity1722 genes. RESULTS: All the instances of MET activation occurred in @entity1 with @entity420 . The prevalences of @entity74 and splice mutations were 1.4% (2 of 148) and 3.3% (7 of 211), respectively. We identified four different intronic mutations that disrupted a splice consensus sequence in genomic DNA. Activation of MET and mutations of the @entity470 , @entity984 , and @entity1722 genes had strict mutual exclusionary relationships. CONCLUSIONS: About 5% of @entity420 in this cohort of Japanese @entity1 were driven by activated MET by gene amplification or splice mutations. Such @entity1 would be candidates for targeted therapy against MET.

title: Activation of MET by gene amplification or by splice mutations deleting the juxtamembrane domain in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['MET gene amplification']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'pulmonary adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['MET in lung adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['resected lung cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of mild @entity4053 is difficult to document, particularly, in young @entity1 with @entity6 . The usual method is to ask for subject recall using written 'diaries'. OBJECTIVE: In 2004, we investigated if new technology could be used to ascertain an accurate prevalence of mild @entity4053 , particularly self-treated. We compared the use of 'text messaging' and computer-based interviewing with the standard diary method. @entity1 : Thirty-seven @entity1 , aged 7-18 yr, with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) for >1-yr duration. METHOD: Open comparison of three systems to collect the data on frequency of hypos (all severity): diary, mobile phone and computer-based interview (CBI), with qualitative analysis of @entity1 feedback. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-two hypos were found over 705 recorded days. All were graded mild or moderate and none severe. Calculated frequency was 5.2 hypos per month: 13.6% subjects had no recorded episode, 36.4% had 1-4, 31.8% 5-9 and 18.2% >10. Mean blood @entity413 level at the onset of @entity4053 was 3.0 mmol/L (1.0-5.2). Response rate of occurrence of hypoglycemic episode recorded by three systems is as follows - diary: 24 (65%) of the 37 subjects reported episodes, mobile: 18 (95%) of 19 subjects and CBI: 16 (89%) of 18 subjects. Sixty-five percent of subjects preferred the mobile and 54% of subjects preferred CBI compared with the diary. Fifty-five percent and 30.8% of subjects found the mobile and the CBI, respectively, easiest to fit into their everyday life. CONCLUSIONS: Mobile phone text messaging and CBI are alternatives to written diaries as methods of data collection. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses, but both have the advantage of daily reminders, rapid response and quick data analysis. Using this technology, it was found that the frequency of @entity4053 was higher (>3 times) than that previously recognized.

title: What is the frequency of symptomatic mild @entity4053 in XXXX in the young?: assessment by novel mobile phone technology and computer-based interviewing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of mild @entity4053 is difficult to document, particularly, in young @entity1 with @entity6 . The usual method is to ask for subject recall using written 'diaries'. OBJECTIVE: In 2004, we investigated if new technology could be used to ascertain an accurate prevalence of mild @entity4053 , particularly self-treated. We compared the use of 'text messaging' and computer-based interviewing with the standard diary method. @entity1 : Thirty-seven @entity1 , aged 7-18 yr, with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) for >1-yr duration. METHOD: Open comparison of three systems to collect the data on frequency of hypos (all severity): diary, mobile phone and computer-based interview (CBI), with qualitative analysis of @entity1 feedback. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-two hypos were found over 705 recorded days. All were graded mild or moderate and none severe. Calculated frequency was 5.2 hypos per month: 13.6% subjects had no recorded episode, 36.4% had 1-4, 31.8% 5-9 and 18.2% >10. Mean blood @entity413 level at the onset of @entity4053 was 3.0 mmol/L (1.0-5.2). Response rate of occurrence of hypoglycemic episode recorded by three systems is as follows - diary: 24 (65%) of the 37 subjects reported episodes, mobile: 18 (95%) of 19 subjects and CBI: 16 (89%) of 18 subjects. Sixty-five percent of subjects preferred the mobile and 54% of subjects preferred CBI compared with the diary. Fifty-five percent and 30.8% of subjects found the mobile and the CBI, respectively, easiest to fit into their everyday life. CONCLUSIONS: Mobile phone text messaging and CBI are alternatives to written diaries as methods of data collection. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses, but both have the advantage of daily reminders, rapid response and quick data analysis. Using this technology, it was found that the frequency of @entity4053 was higher (>3 times) than that previously recognized.

title: What is the frequency of symptomatic mild XXXX in @entity1723 in the young?: assessment by novel mobile phone technology and computer-based interviewing.

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined modality treatment is the standard of care for @entity1 (pts) with unresectable @entity5 . Dose escalation of radiotherapy is one strategy used to improve locoregional control and survival, but it increases the risk of both early and late treatment related @entity137 . METHODS: From May 1996 to August 2004, a total of 112 @entity5 pts were treated on 4 phase I/II or phase II trials to assess the safety and feasibility of high-dose (60-90 Gy) thoracic conformal radiotherapy. @entity1 who received >/=66 Gy (n = 88) were included in an analysis of late complications. Late complications were defined as complications that developed or persisted >/=90 days postradiotherapy. The classic lung @entity137 of @entity1207 and @entity82 were not included in this analysis. RESULTS: Of the 88 @entity1 included in this analysis of late complications, 21 @entity1 (24%) developed a late complication and a total of 28 late complications were observed. The late complications were: pulmonary (n = 5; @entity850 [n = 3] and fatal @entity358 [n = 2]), esophageal (n = 6), cardiac (n = 9), osseous (n = 6), and second @entity5 (n = 2). The median survival for all @entity1 enrolled on the 4 trials (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) was 24.7 months (18.1-30.4 months), and the 5-year overall survival (with 95% CI) was 24% (16-32%). Data to assess for radiographic evidence of local progression were available for 99 @entity1 , and the rate of local progression was 43% (95% CI 34-53%). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose thoracic conformal radiotherapy is feasible and results in promising survival outcomes. Late complications occur in a minority of @entity1 .

title: Late complications of high-dose (>/=66 Gy) thoracic conformal radiation therapy in combined modality trials in unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemoptysis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stenosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: We have previously characterized the in vitro growth of two cord blood-derived @entity1583 cell populations in liquid cultures supplemented with recombinant cytokines. In the present study, we assessed the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) on the growth of such cells. METHODS: @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+) Lin(-) and @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) Lin(-) cells were obtained by negative selection, and cultured in the presence of marrow-derived MSC and/or early- and late-acting cytokines. Hematopoietic cell growth was assessed throughout a 30-day culture period. RESULTS: In the presence of MSC alone, both populations showed significant proliferation. Direct contact between MSC and @entity2280 (+) cells was fundamental for optimal growth, especially for @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) Lin(-) cells. In the presence of early-acting cytokines alone, cell growth was significantly higher than in cultures established with MSC but no cytokines. In cultures containing both MSC and early-acting cytokines, a further stimulation was observed only for @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) Lin(-) cells. The cytokine cocktail containing both early- and late-acting cytokines was significantly more potent at inducing @entity1583 cell growth than the early-acting cytokine cocktail. When cultures were supplemented with early- and late-acting cytokines, MSC had no further effect on the growth of @entity1583 cells. CONCLUSIONS: MSC seem to play a key role, particularly on more primitive ( @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (-) Lin(-)) cells, only in the absence of cytokines or the presence of early-acting cytokines. When both early- and late-acting cytokines are present in culture, MSC seem to be unnecessary for optimal development of @entity25938 and @entity2280 (+) cells.

title: Individual and combined effects of mesenchymal stromal cells and recombinant stimulatory cytokines on the in vitro growth of primitive XXXX cells from human umbilical cord blood.

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic']


abstract: We report three male @entity1 with aseptic @entity614 presenting with acute urinary retention. Viral antibody titers for herpes types I and II and the PCR studies were negative. The cerebrospinal fluid revealed elevated @entity2610 . The serum antibodies against a panel of gangliosides, some of which are known to be associated with acquired @entity17 , were all negative. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies revealed spotty T2 high intensities in the basal ganglia, thalamus and brainstem in two @entity1 . In one @entity1 ,meningeal @entity2287 enhancement of the conus and cauda equina of the spinal cord was recognized. On urodynamic studies, all @entity1 showed features of @entity1494 with or without detrusor hyperactivity. They were treated conservatively without using @entity230 or immunoglobulins, and made a remarkable functional recovery with the disappearance of abnormal MRI findings.However, all three were left with @entity323 , and two continued to use self-intermittent catheterization at more than 3-year follow-up. There was no recurrence of symptoms. The underlying causes remain unclear, though they may represent a variant of acute disseminated @entity1651 .

title: Aseptic meningo-radiculo-encephalitis presenting initially with urinary retention: a variant of acute disseminated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity2610 :: ('4155', 'Gene') :: ['myelin basic protein']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['atonic bladder']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalo- radiculitis']

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['encephalomyelitis']


abstract: There are numerous examples of @entity1 pathogens which persist in environmental reservoirs while infectious outbreaks remain rare. In this manuscript, we consider the dynamics of @entity166 for which the primary mode of transmission is indirect and mediated by contact with a contaminated reservoir. We evaluate the realistic scenario in which the number of ingested pathogens must be above a critical threshold to cause @entity281 in susceptible individuals. This minimal infectious dose is a consequence of the clearance effect of the innate immune system. Infected individuals shed pathogens back into the aquatic reservoir, indirectly increasing the transmittability of the pathogen to the susceptible. Building upon prior works in the study of cholera dynamics, we introduce and analyze a family of reservoir mediated SIR models with a threshold pathogen density for @entity281 . Analyzing this family of models, we show that an outbreak can result from noninfinitesimal introductions of either infected individuals or additional pathogens in the reservoir. We devise two new measures of how likely it is that an environmentally persistent pathogen will cause an outbreak: (i) the minimum fraction of infected individuals; and (ii) the minimum fluctuation size of in-reservoir pathogens. We find an additional control parameter involving the shedding rate of infected individuals, which we term the pathogen enhancement ratio, which determines whether outbreaks lead to epidemics or @entity66 states. Thus, the ultimate outcome of disease is controlled by the strength of fluctuations and the global stability of a nonlinear dynamical system, as opposed to conventional analysis in which disease reflects the linear destabilization of a disease free equilibrium. Our model predicts that in the case of waterborne diseases, suppressing the pathogen density in aquatic reservoirs may be more effective than minimizing the number of infected individuals.

title: Dynamics of indirectly transmitted XXXX with immunological threshold.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic disease']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: Eyelash extensions are a beauty treatment in which individual synthetic extensions are applied, lash by lash, to natural eyelashes. The procedure is becoming popular worldwide because they seem more natural and last longer than other types of false eyelashes. However, partly because a bonding agent (glue) containing organic substances is applied near the eyes, consultations with ophthalmologic clinics and the National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan have increased annually. In the present study, we investigated @entity735 due to eyelash extensions. METHODS: @entity2788 were retrospectively investigated in 107 @entity1 (age 21-52 years) who visited ophthalmologic clinics in Japan with complaints of eye symptoms resulting from eyelash extensions between March 2007 and March 2010. The @entity1 had no history of @entity2194 . Of the @entity1 42 were 21 to 29 years of age, 44 were 30 to 39 years, 19 were 40 to 49 years, and 2 were 50 to 60 years. Three glues, the ingredients of which are not disclosed, were chemically analyzed for detection of more than 70 substances suspected to be ingredients. RESULTS: The @entity2788 due to eyelash extensions included @entity9849 due to invasion of glue or removing agents in 64 @entity1 , @entity56 due to glues in 42 @entity1 (4 of these @entity1 developed both @entity9849 and @entity56 ), @entity3169 due to eyelid-fixing tapes in 3 @entity1 , @entity56 due to eyelid-fixing tapes in 1 @entity1 , and @entity548 due to compression during removal of extensions in 1 @entity1 . In all 107 @entity1 , the symptoms were resolved by adequate treatments with eye drops and/or ointments. Ingredient analysis detected @entity406 in concentrations above the standard threshold level in all 3 glues. In addition, lead and @entity13266 were also detected; however, concentrations of these particular compounds were low and therefore unlikely to cause disorders in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Eyelash extension procedures may cause @entity2788 , such as @entity9849 and @entity56 ; indeed, all glues for eyelash extensions analyzed in the present study contained @entity406 , which can cause @entity9849 . From the viewpoint of hygienics, it is necessary to disinfect devices, provide handling instructions for organic solvents, improve glue ingredients, and improve the ophthalmologic knowledge of the practitioners.

title: XXXX due to eyelash extensions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13266 :: ('MESH:D019817', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoic acid']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subconjunctival hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eye disorders']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disorders', 'Ocular disorders']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic blepharitis']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival erosion']

answer: @entity2788 :: (MESH:D015785,Disease) :: ['Ocular disorders']


abstract: CONTEXT: Pegvisomant is a specific GH receptor antagonist that is able to normalize serum @entity442 concentrations in most @entity1 with @entity2012 . The impact of pegvisomant on insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism is less well described. @entity1 AND METHODS: We assessed basal and insulin-stimulated (euglycemic clamp) substrate metabolism in seven @entity1 with active @entity2012 before and after 4-wk pegvisomant treatment (15 mg/d) in an open design. RESULTS: After pegvisomant, @entity442 decreased, whereas GH increased ( @entity442 , 621 +/- 82 vs. 247 +/- 33 microg/liter, P = 0.02; GH, 5.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 10.8 +/- 3.3 microg/liter, P = 0.02). Basal serum insulin and plasma @entity413 levels decreased after treatment (insulin, 54 +/- 5.9 vs. 42 +/- 5.3 pmol/liter, P = 0.001; @entity413 , 5.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.0 mmol/liter, not significant), whereas @entity2365 kinetics were unaltered. During the clamp, the @entity413 infusion rate increased after pegvisomant (3.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.6 mg/kg.min, P = 0.02), whereas the suppression of endogenous @entity413 production tended to increase (0.7 +/- 0.0 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.1 mg/kg.min, not significant). Total resting energy expenditure decreased after pegvisomant treatment (1703 +/- 109 vs. 1563 +/- 101 kcal/24 h, P = 0.03), but the rate of lipid oxidation did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Pegvisomant treatment for 4 wk improves peripheral and @entity99 in @entity2012 . 2) This is associated with a decrease in resting energy expenditure, whereas free @entity844 metabolism is unaltered. 3) The data support the important direct effects of GH on @entity413 metabolism and add additional benefits to pegvisomant treatment for @entity2012 .

title: The impact of pegvisomant treatment on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: CONTEXT: Pegvisomant is a specific GH receptor antagonist that is able to normalize serum @entity442 concentrations in most @entity1 with @entity2012 . The impact of pegvisomant on insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism is less well described. @entity1 AND METHODS: We assessed basal and insulin-stimulated (euglycemic clamp) substrate metabolism in seven @entity1 with active @entity2012 before and after 4-wk pegvisomant treatment (15 mg/d) in an open design. RESULTS: After pegvisomant, @entity442 decreased, whereas GH increased ( @entity442 , 621 +/- 82 vs. 247 +/- 33 microg/liter, P = 0.02; GH, 5.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 10.8 +/- 3.3 microg/liter, P = 0.02). Basal serum insulin and plasma @entity413 levels decreased after treatment (insulin, 54 +/- 5.9 vs. 42 +/- 5.3 pmol/liter, P = 0.001; @entity413 , 5.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.0 mmol/liter, not significant), whereas @entity2365 kinetics were unaltered. During the clamp, the @entity413 infusion rate increased after pegvisomant (3.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.6 mg/kg.min, P = 0.02), whereas the suppression of endogenous @entity413 production tended to increase (0.7 +/- 0.0 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.1 mg/kg.min, not significant). Total resting energy expenditure decreased after pegvisomant treatment (1703 +/- 109 vs. 1563 +/- 101 kcal/24 h, P = 0.03), but the rate of lipid oxidation did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Pegvisomant treatment for 4 wk improves peripheral and @entity99 in @entity2012 . 2) This is associated with a decrease in resting energy expenditure, whereas free @entity844 metabolism is unaltered. 3) The data support the important direct effects of GH on @entity413 metabolism and add additional benefits to pegvisomant treatment for @entity2012 .

title: The impact of pegvisomant treatment on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity in XXXX with @entity2012 .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A method for assessing @entity5 drug sensitivity is described that is based on preparation of tissue slices and use of @entity6619 chips equipped with electrochemical sensors (multisensor array). The @entity5 slices (200-300 microM thick) are prepared after surgery and incubated in a medium for recovery after slicing. The advantage, compared to other preparations, is that the original three-dimensional structure is retained. Multisensor arrays measure: (a) pericellular acidification (anaerobic metabolism) and (b) @entity26 consumption (respiration). The innovative aspect is that such measurements can be made online, as opposed to using a large battery of endpoint tests on cell vitality and proliferation. Electron microscopy of slices serves to determine cell density and structure and induction of apoptosis/ @entity39 . Slices of more than 200 @entity0 were used. Metabolic activity was inhibited by @entity3163 , which reduces glycolysis, and @entity3983 , which inhibits respiration. These changes are thus reflected in the curves of acidification and @entity26 consumption. In other experiments the cytostatic @entity1311 , an anticytoskeletal agent, was used showing dose and time-dependent effects on acidification and @entity26 consumption. In conclusion, the method presented here, is able to provide information on drug sensitivity of a @entity5 , which aids in designing individualized therapy and is used for drug screening.

title: A new method to assess drug sensitivity on XXXX acute slices preparation.

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3983 :: ('MESH:D011190', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium cyanide']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obese @entity1 have myocardial structural and functional alterations related to @entity2690 resistance. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of @entity6170 , an @entity2690 sensitizer agent, on cardiac morphometry and functioning. METHODS: In 2 groups of sex- and age-matched, nondiabetic, @entity28 @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 , age 19-51 y; group A: body mass index [BMI] 40.6 +/- 3.4 kg/m(2); group B: BMI 42.6 +/- 2.7 kg/m(2)), we evaluated the basal @entity2690 sensitivity index (HOMA[IS]), body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis and 24-h blood pressure monitoring. Furthermore, all @entity1 underwent conventional 2-Dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography, and pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). After the baseline evaluation, all @entity1 were put on a hypocaloric diet (70% basal metabolic rate) plus placebo if they were in group A, or plus @entity6170 (4 mg twice daily; Avandia [GlaxoSmithKline plc., Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom]) if they were in group B, for 6 mo. RESULTS: Significant decreases in body weight, total fat mass, BMI, and systolic blood pressure were registered in both groups. @entity6170 administration appeared more efficient in improving HOMA(IS) (mean difference: 0.30 +/- 0.19 versus 0.11 +/- 0.21, p < 0.05). Left ventricular (LV) diastolic diameter (49.4 +/- 7.7 versus 52.3 +/- 5.4 mm, p < 0.05) and E wave (0.89 +/- 0.18 versus 0.99 +/- 0.20 m/sec, p < 0.05) increased in the @entity6170 group due to a rise in preload and water content without peripheral @entity4 . The increase in systolic (Sa) wave velocity in both groups was probably a result of the general improvement in @entity2690 metabolism and the decrease in blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the positive effect of @entity6170 on @entity413 metabolism in @entity28 , nondiabetic @entity1 , but changes in @entity2690 sensitivity did not explain the cardiac effects produced by further mechanisms.

title: Evaluation of @entity6170 administration on cardiovascular function in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['Rosiglitazone', 'rosiglitazone']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']