abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9595 is known as the most common @entity74 among individuals of European genetic background. It is possible to find 2 mutations closely placed in the @entity14398 gene ( @entity14397 and @entity31397 ) and this proximity can cause errors when genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping assay. The aim of this study was to develop a hydrolysis probe-based PCR assay for detection of the @entity14397 and @entity31397 mutations without interference from on each other. Herein the study involved the standardization of an improvement of the real-time PCR 5' nuclease assay to detect the desired mutations close placed using a same probe system. The assay analytical properties performances were tested, including the primers selectivity and detection limits. Also, the interexaminer reproducibility and repeatability of assay were estimated in 30 blood samples. Others 153 results of samples were compared with reference method (PCR_RFLP) and the accordance of the results evaluated by Fleiss' k method. The results of variation of interexaminer reproducibility and repeatability of assay were not statistically relevant (P<0.001). The comparison between the 2 methods by Fleiss' k analysis showed that 5' nuclease assay identified the @entity14397 and @entity31397 haplotype as well as the reference method in all 153 tested samples. Our results showed that novel method probe-based real-time PCR were capable to detect 2 adjacent polymorphisms without errors in genotyping.

title: Novel Method Probe-based Real-Time PCR to Detect 2 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Close to Each Other: @entity14398 XXXX Gene Model.

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['Hemochromatosis']


abstract: @entity161 is a serious @entity146 affecting approximately 29 million @entity1 worldwide. The ideal treatment and care of @entity1 with @entity161 should be provided by a multidisciplinary 'team' involving psychiatrists, nurses and other healthcare professionals, together with carers and @entity1 . In light of the key role carers play in the care of @entity1 with @entity161 , the present survey was designed to assess the opinions of family members and friends of @entity1 with @entity161 across Europe and to ascertain their attitudes towards the illness, medication and adherence to medication. Among carers participating in this survey, there was widespread awareness of the issues involved in supporting @entity1 with @entity161 and the importance of their role in improving poor adherence to medication. Three differences in opinion emerged between the views of carers and psychiatrists; psychiatrists rely more on the @entity1 themselves when assessing adherence than carers would recommend; in contrast to psychiatrists, many carers believe the illness itself contributes to non-adherence; two thirds of carers think that @entity161 medication damages health (higher than estimated by psychiatrists). The findings from the present survey, taken together with the results from the Adherencia Terap  utica en la Esquizofrenia surveys of psychiatrists and nurses, support the need for a collaborative approach to the issue of treatment nonadherence. In particular, healthcare professionals should recognize the valuable contribution that family carers can make to improve treatment adherence and consequently clinical outcomes for @entity1 with @entity161 . @entity161 carries a significant burden for families providing care. The Adherencia Terap  utica en la Esquizofrenia (ADHES) carers' survey was designed to assess the opinions of family and friends of @entity1 with @entity161 across Europe and ascertain their attitudes towards the illness, medication and adherence to medication. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of 138 carers across 16 European countries. Interpretation of results was based on a descriptive comparison of responses. Carers recognized the importance of medication to help @entity1 get better (76%) and improve their quality of life (76%) and relationships (74%). Sixty-seven per cent believed medication damages general health. Sixty-five per cent reported that treatment adherence was a burden for @entity1 . Thirty-eight per cent indicated that it was a daily struggle to get @entity1 to take their medication. Fifty per cent perceived that medication administered every few weeks rather than daily was quite/very important. Ninety-three per cent agreed on the importance of family support to boost adherence, with education and information deemed important for families and @entity1 . Carers rely less on the @entity1 themselves when assessing adherence than psychiatrists. The burden faced by carers and @entity1 in taking medication provides an opportunity for healthcare professionals to provide support in a multidisciplinary 'team' involving psychiatrists, nurses and carers.

title: XXXX through the carers' eyes: results of a European cross-sectional survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adherence to drugs that are prescribed after @entity583 remains suboptimal. Although eliminating @entity1 cost sharing for secondary prevention increases adherence and reduces rates of major cardiovascular events, the long-term clinical and economic implications of this approach have not been adequately evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We developed a Markov model simulating a hypothetical cohort of commercially insured @entity1 who were discharged from the hospital after @entity583 . @entity1 received b-blockers, @entity916 -angiotensin system antagonists, and statins without cost sharing (full coverage) or at the current level of insurance coverage (usual coverage). Model inputs were extracted from the Post @entity583 Free Rx Event and Economic Evaluation trial and other published literature. The main outcome was an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio as measured by cost per quality-adjusted life year gained. @entity1 receiving usual coverage lived an average of 9.46 quality-adjusted life years after their event and incurred costs of  171,412. @entity1 receiving full coverage lived an average of 9.60 quality-adjusted life years and incurred costs of  167,401. Compared with usual coverage, full coverage would result in greater quality-adjusted survival (0.14 quality-adjusted life years) and less resource use ( 4011) per @entity1 . Our results were sensitive to alterations in the risk reduction for post- @entity583 events from full coverage. CONCLUSIONS: Providing full prescription drug coverage for evidence-based pharmacotherapy to commercially insured post- @entity583 @entity1 has the potential to improve health outcomes and save money from the societal perspective over the long-term. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00566774.

title: Long-term cost-effectiveness of providing full coverage for preventive medications after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse treatment measures provided in the @entity4500 ( @entity4500 ) and to discuss the therapy given against treatment needs as expressed in the national clinical epidemiological studies. METHODS: In 2009, the Chief Dentists of the @entity4500 units collected data from their local registers on @entity1 and treatment provided. Data were obtained from 166 @entity4500 units (86%). Treatment patterns were compared between age groups, provider groups and geographical areas using chi-square tests. RESULTS: Altogether 8.9 million treatments were provided for 1.7 million @entity1 . Examinations, restorative treatment and anaesthesia accounted for 61.3% of all treatments. Preventive measures (8.4%) and periodontal treatment (6.3%) were small proportions of the total. Prosthetic treatment was uncommon (0.5%). Working age adults received half of all treatments (53.2%), the young a third (36.4%) and the elderly 10.4%. Dental hygienists or dental assistants provided 29.7% of all treatment for @entity1 and adolescents, 11.1% for adults and 14.1% for the elderly. CONCLUSION: Relatively healthy @entity1 had plenty of examinations and preventive measures, and adults had mostly restorative care when their needs were more periodontal and prosthetic care, indicating that treatment given was not fully in line with needs.

title: Treatment provided in the XXXX in Finland in 2009.

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['Public Dental Service', 'PDS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity4500 :: (MESH:D014071,Disease) :: ['Public Dental Service']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reactions during the home treatment phase of oral immunotherapy (OIT) are not uncommon. An ongoing accurate reporting of home treatment outcomes is crucial for the safety and success of OIT. Previous reports have shown that as few as 20% of @entity1 are truly compliant with paper-based diaries. OBJECTIVE: To develop a @entity262 ( @entity262 ) for monitoring home treatment during OIT for @entity5419 . METHODS: A @entity262 was developed and incorporated a thorough questionnaire querying for pertinent data including the dose(s) consumed, occurrence and details of adverse reactions, treatment(s), and relevant potential exacerbating factors. All @entity1 enrolled in milk, peanut, or egg OIT programs for at least 4 weeks from November 2012 through January 2014 were introduced to @entity262 (n  = 157). Successful reporting through @entity262 was defined by consecutive reporting during the first home treatment phase (24 days) after its introduction. Comparisons were made with a previous group of OIT-treated @entity1 (n  = 100) who reported by E-mail. RESULTS: Successful reporting was achieved by 142 of 157 @entity1 (90.44%) in contrast to a 75% success rate with E-mail (P  = .0009). The odds for successful reporting using @entity262 were 3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.6-6.3) times higher compared with using E-mail. Mild reactions were reported more frequently with @entity262 (P  = .0032). @entity1 reports were constantly available in real time for medical staff review. No complaints regarding @entity262 feasibility were reported. One risk factor for failure to use @entity262 was a @entity1 's prior successful OIT experience without using @entity262 (P  = .012). CONCLUSION: A @entity262 can be a powerful tool for improving OIT safety by achieving a high level of @entity1 cooperation in reporting home treatment results.

title: A Web site-based reporting system for monitoring home treatment during oral immunotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Web site-based electronic reporting system', 'web-RS']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study was to compare the systemic inflammatory response and hemolytic characteristics of a conventional roller pump ( @entity72087 -NP) and an alternative diagonal pump with nonpulsatile (DP3-NP) and pulsatile mode (DP3-P) in simulated neonatal extracorporeal life support (ECLS) systems. The experimental neonatal ECLS circuits consist of a conventional Jostra @entity72087 roller pump or an alternative Medos DP3 diagonal pump, and Medos Hilite 800 LT hollow-fiber oxygenator with diffusion membrane. Eighteen sterile circuits were primed with freshly donated whole blood and divided into three groups: conventional @entity72087 with nonpulsatile flow ( @entity72087 -NP), DP3 with nonpulsatile flow (DP3-NP), and DP3 with pulsatile flow (DP3-P). All trials were conducted for durations of 12   h at a flow rate of 500   mL/min at 36  C. Simultaneous blood flow and pressure waveforms were recorded. Blood samples were collected to measure plasma-free hemoglobin (PFH), @entity1 @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and @entity687 , in addition to the routine blood gas, @entity880 dehydrogenase, and lactic acid levels. @entity72087 -NP group had the highest PFH levels (mean        standard error of the mean) after a 12-h ECLS run, but the difference among groups did not reach statistical significance ( @entity72087 -NP group: 907.6        253.1   mg/L, DP3-NP group: 343.7        163.2   mg/L, and DP3-P group: 407.6        156.6   mg/L, P   =   0.06). Although there were similar trends but no statistical differences for the levels of proinflammatory cytokines among the three groups, the @entity72087 -NP group had much greater levels than the other groups (P   >   0.05). Pulsatile flow generated higher total hemodynamic energy and surplus hemodynamic energy levels at pre-oxygenator and pre-clamp sites (P   <   0.01). Our study demonstrated that the alternative diagonal pump ECLS circuits appeared to have less systemic inflammatory response and @entity2142 compared with the conventional roller pump ECLS circuit in simulated neonatal ECLS systems. Pulsatile flow delivered more hemodynamic energy to the pseudo- @entity1 without increased odds of @entity2142 compared with the conventional, nonpulsatile roller pump group.

title: Laboratory Evaluation of XXXX and Systemic Inflammatory Response in Neonatal Nonpulsatile and Pulsatile Extracorporeal Life Support Systems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity2142 :: (MESH:D006461,Disease) :: ['Hemolysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the contribution of @entity6583 ( @entity6583 ) to the burden of @entity302 in a rural Tanzanian population. METHODS: We identified adult @entity1 with @entity302 (PWE) in a door-to-door study in an established demographic surveillance site. PWE and community controls were tested for antibodies to @entity8785 , the causative agent of @entity6583 , and all PWE were offered a computed tomography (CT) head scan. Data on household occupancy and sanitation, @entity1707 -keeping and pork consumption were collected from PWE and controls and associations with @entity302 were assessed using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Six of 218 PWE had antibodies to @entity8785 (2.8%; 95% CI 0.6-4.9), compared to none of 174 controls (Fisher's exact test, P  =  0.04). Lesions compatible with @entity6583 were seen in eight of 200 CT scans (4.0%; 95% CI 1.3-6.7). A total of 176 PWE had both investigations of whom two had positive serology along with @entity6583 -compatible lesions on CT (1.1%; 95% 0.3-4.0). No associations between @entity302 and any risk factors for @entity6583 were identified. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6583 is present in this population but at a lower prevalence than elsewhere in Tanzania and sub-Saharan Africa. Insights from low-prevalence areas may inform public health interventions designed to reduce the burden of preventable @entity302 .

title: Cysticercosis and XXXX in rural Tanzania: a community-based case-control and imaging study.

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['neurocysticercosis', 'NCC', 'Neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity8785 :: ('6204', 'Species') :: ['Taenia solium', 'T.  solium']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyse the treatment and management of @entity8 @entity1 presenting to our major @entity130 unit to determine the likelihood of @entity1 needing immediate nephrectomy. METHODS: The @entity130 Audit and Research Network (TARN) database was used to review @entity130 cases presenting to our department between February 2009 and September 2013. Demographic data, mechanism and severity of injury, grade of @entity8 , management and 30-day outcome were determined from TARN data, electronic @entity1 records and imaging. RESULTS: There were a total of 1,856 @entity130 cases, of which 36 @entity1 (1.9%) had a @entity8 . In this group, the median age was 28 years (range: 16-92 years), with 28 @entity1 (78%) having blunt @entity8 and 8 (22%) penetrating @entity8 . The most common cause for blunt @entity8 was road traffic accidents. @entity8 cases were stratified into American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 (AAST) grades (grade I: 19%, grade II: 22%, grade III: 28%, grade IV: 28%, grade V: 0%). All @entity1 with grade I and II injuries were treated conservatively. There were three @entity1 (1 with grade III and 2 with grade IV @entity8 ) who underwent radiological embolisation. One of these @entity1 went on to have a delayed nephrectomy owing to unsuccessful embolisation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 @entity1 rarely require emergency nephrectomy. Radiological selective embolisation provides a good interventional option in cases of active bleeding from @entity8 in haemodynamically stable @entity1 . This has implications for @entity130 care and how surgical cover is provided for the rare event of nephrectomy.

title: XXXX management in an urban @entity130 centre and implications for urological training.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal trauma', 'renal injuries', 'renal trauma', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyse the treatment and management of @entity8 @entity1 presenting to our major @entity130 unit to determine the likelihood of @entity1 needing immediate nephrectomy. METHODS: The @entity130 Audit and Research Network (TARN) database was used to review @entity130 cases presenting to our department between February 2009 and September 2013. Demographic data, mechanism and severity of injury, grade of @entity8 , management and 30-day outcome were determined from TARN data, electronic @entity1 records and imaging. RESULTS: There were a total of 1,856 @entity130 cases, of which 36 @entity1 (1.9%) had a @entity8 . In this group, the median age was 28 years (range: 16-92 years), with 28 @entity1 (78%) having blunt @entity8 and 8 (22%) penetrating @entity8 . The most common cause for blunt @entity8 was road traffic accidents. @entity8 cases were stratified into American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 (AAST) grades (grade I: 19%, grade II: 22%, grade III: 28%, grade IV: 28%, grade V: 0%). All @entity1 with grade I and II injuries were treated conservatively. There were three @entity1 (1 with grade III and 2 with grade IV @entity8 ) who underwent radiological embolisation. One of these @entity1 went on to have a delayed nephrectomy owing to unsuccessful embolisation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity130 @entity1 rarely require emergency nephrectomy. Radiological selective embolisation provides a good interventional option in cases of active bleeding from @entity8 in haemodynamically stable @entity1 . This has implications for @entity130 care and how surgical cover is provided for the rare event of nephrectomy.

title: @entity8 management in an urban XXXX centre and implications for urological training.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Selective conservatism for @entity130 is well established but the emergence of new technologies may cause management strategies to continue to evolve. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on @entity130 @entity1 managed in a single institution in South Africa over a 4-year period to determine the appropriateness of our current policy of selective conservatism. RESULTS: A total of 1,239 @entity1 were included in the study; 112 required an emergency thoracotomy, 125 were admitted for observation and 1,002 required a @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ). Ninety-one per cent of the @entity1 were male and the median age was 24 years. Seventy-five per cent of the cases were penetrating @entity130 and the remaining were @entity130 . The indications for @entity5274 were pneumothorax (PTX) (n=382, 38%), haemothorax (HTX) (n=300, 30%) and haemopneumothorax (HPTX) (n=320, 32%). A total of 13% (127/1,002) of all chest x-rays (CXR) following tube removal demonstrated residual pathologies that precluded immediate discharge: 32 (8%) in Group A (PTX), 44 (15%) in Group B (HTX) and 51 (16%) in Group C (HPTX). All 32 @entity1 in Group A were simply observed and did not require further intervention. In Group B, 17 @entity1 required repeat TTs and 27 required video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for clearance of residual HTX. Twenty-nine @entity1 in Group C required repeat TTs and twenty-two required VATS. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of @entity1 with @entity130 can be managed conservatively with @entity5274 alone. Residual pathology appeared to be lowest in @entity1 with a PTX, which seldom requires treatment, while only a minority of @entity1 required repeat TTs or VATS for a retained HTX. Selective conservatism is still appropriate in the current era in a developing world setting.

title: Selective conservatism in the management of XXXX remains appropriate in the 21st century.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['TT', 'tube thoracostomy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma', 'thoracic trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['thoracic trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic variation in the gene encoding @entity22210 gene ( @entity22210 ) has been identified to be associated with @entity162 in genome-wide association studies, while little is known regarding their association in Asian populations. In this study, we aimed to examine whether @entity22210 may confer susceptibility to @entity2403 in Han Chinese. We measured the mRNA expression level of @entity22210 in @entity1 with @entity2403 and controls. Two functional variants ( @entity22211 and @entity72088 ) in @entity22210 were genotyped among 1508 individuals with or without @entity2403 . We then performed a meta-analysis based on present literature. Our results showed that @entity22210 mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly higher in @entity2403 @entity1 than that in controls (P   =   0.01). The @entity22211 showed significant allelic association with @entity2403 (P   =   0.034). The frequency of T allele of @entity22211 was higher in @entity1 than that in controls (odds ratio   =   1.19, 95  % confidence interval 1.03-1.37). After pooling all data, meta-analysis indicated a significant association of @entity22211 with @entity2403 (P   =   0.0003). Furthermore, we performed an eQTL analysis and observed significant associations between @entity22211 and @entity22210 expression level in hippocampus (P   =   0.032) and occipital cortex (P   =   0.036). After stratified by diagnosis, the association of @entity22211 with @entity2403 was only survived in @entity2403 -I (genotypic P   =   0.04, allelic P   =   0.014), but not in @entity2403 -II. Our findings provided supportive evidence for the involvement of @entity22210 @entity22211 in @entity2403 , especially in @entity2403 -I.

title: @entity22210 Genetic Variation Confers Risk to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['Bipolar Disorder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic variation in the gene encoding @entity22210 gene ( @entity22210 ) has been identified to be associated with @entity162 in genome-wide association studies, while little is known regarding their association in Asian populations. In this study, we aimed to examine whether @entity22210 may confer susceptibility to @entity2403 in Han Chinese. We measured the mRNA expression level of @entity22210 in @entity1 with @entity2403 and controls. Two functional variants ( @entity22211 and @entity72088 ) in @entity22210 were genotyped among 1508 individuals with or without @entity2403 . We then performed a meta-analysis based on present literature. Our results showed that @entity22210 mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly higher in @entity2403 @entity1 than that in controls (P   =   0.01). The @entity22211 showed significant allelic association with @entity2403 (P   =   0.034). The frequency of T allele of @entity22211 was higher in @entity1 than that in controls (odds ratio   =   1.19, 95  % confidence interval 1.03-1.37). After pooling all data, meta-analysis indicated a significant association of @entity22211 with @entity2403 (P   =   0.0003). Furthermore, we performed an eQTL analysis and observed significant associations between @entity22211 and @entity22210 expression level in hippocampus (P   =   0.032) and occipital cortex (P   =   0.036). After stratified by diagnosis, the association of @entity22211 with @entity2403 was only survived in @entity2403 -I (genotypic P   =   0.04, allelic P   =   0.014), but not in @entity2403 -II. Our findings provided supportive evidence for the involvement of @entity22210 @entity22211 in @entity2403 , especially in @entity2403 -I.

title: XXXX Genetic Variation Confers Risk to @entity162 .

answer: @entity22210 :: (91752,Gene) :: ['ZNF804A']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Boosting the dose to the largest (dominant) lesion in radiotherapy of @entity263 may improve treatment outcome. The success of this approach relies on the detection and delineation of @entity5 . The agreement among teams of radiation oncologists and radiologists delineating lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) was assessed by measuring the distances between observer contours. The accuracy of detection and delineation was determined using whole-mount histopathology specimens as reference. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six observer teams delineated @entity5 on mp-MRI of 20 @entity263 @entity1 who underwent a prostatectomy. To assess the inter-observer agreement, the inter-observer standard deviation (SD) of the contours was calculated for @entity5 sites which were identified by all teams. RESULTS: Eighteen of 89 lesions were identified by all teams, all were dominant lesions. The median histological volume of these was 2.4cm(3). The median inter-observer SD of the delineations was 0.23cm. Sixty-six of 69 satellites were missed by all teams. CONCLUSION: Since all teams identify most dominant lesions, dose escalation to the dominant lesion is feasible. Sufficient dose to the whole prostate may need to be maintained to prevent under treatment of smaller lesions and undetected parts of larger lesions.

title: XXXX delineation using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: Inter-observer variability and pathology validation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) are often first identified and diagnosed with @entity6 during pregnancy. Genetics and @entity4854 play an important role in determining fetal size in @entity2175 pregnancies. The principal objective of the current study is to determine the outcomes and clinical management of @entity4854 in pregnancies complicated by @entity14224 gene ( @entity14224 ) and @entity5448 @entity2175 mutations. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of 37 @entity1 with a @entity14224 / @entity5448 mutation was conducted. Data on variables such as birthweight, mode of delivery, and the treatment of @entity4854 were available on 89 pregnancies. RESULTS: The birthweight in unaffected @entity14224 offspring was significantly higher than in the affected @entity14224 offspring (4.8 [4.1-5.2] kg vs  3.2 [3.1-3.7] kg; P  = .01). Seven-point home blood @entity413 monitoring over a 7-day period in each trimester demonstrated higher fasting and postprandial glycemic excursions in the first trimester of @entity14224 pregnancies when compared to @entity5448 pregnancies (fasting 104 [90-115] mg/dL vs 84 [77-88] mg/dL; P  = .01 and postprandial 154 [135-196] mg/dL vs 111 [100-131] mg/dL; P  = .04) despite insulin treatment. There was a higher percentage of miscarriages in the @entity14224 group when compared to the @entity5448 @entity2175 group (33.3% vs 14%; P  = .07), which was similar to the background population. Insulin initiated at an early gestation appeared to lower the incidence of @entity8455 in @entity14224 unaffected offspring. CONCLUSION: @entity4854 in @entity5448 pregnancies is easily managed with current insulin protocols; in contrast, glycemic excursions are difficult to manage in @entity14224 pregnancies. There was an increased percentage of miscarriages in @entity14224 pregnancies highlighting the importance of a diagnosis of @entity14224 - @entity2175 in @entity1 prior to conception and the necessity for preconception care.

title: The clinical management of XXXX in pregnancy complicated by @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['maturity-onset diabetes of the young', 'MODY']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5448 :: ('6927', 'Gene') :: ['HNF-1a', 'hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1a']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) are often first identified and diagnosed with @entity6 during pregnancy. Genetics and @entity4854 play an important role in determining fetal size in @entity2175 pregnancies. The principal objective of the current study is to determine the outcomes and clinical management of @entity4854 in pregnancies complicated by @entity14224 gene ( @entity14224 ) and @entity5448 @entity2175 mutations. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review of 37 @entity1 with a @entity14224 / @entity5448 mutation was conducted. Data on variables such as birthweight, mode of delivery, and the treatment of @entity4854 were available on 89 pregnancies. RESULTS: The birthweight in unaffected @entity14224 offspring was significantly higher than in the affected @entity14224 offspring (4.8 [4.1-5.2] kg vs  3.2 [3.1-3.7] kg; P  = .01). Seven-point home blood @entity413 monitoring over a 7-day period in each trimester demonstrated higher fasting and postprandial glycemic excursions in the first trimester of @entity14224 pregnancies when compared to @entity5448 pregnancies (fasting 104 [90-115] mg/dL vs 84 [77-88] mg/dL; P  = .01 and postprandial 154 [135-196] mg/dL vs 111 [100-131] mg/dL; P  = .04) despite insulin treatment. There was a higher percentage of miscarriages in the @entity14224 group when compared to the @entity5448 @entity2175 group (33.3% vs 14%; P  = .07), which was similar to the background population. Insulin initiated at an early gestation appeared to lower the incidence of @entity8455 in @entity14224 unaffected offspring. CONCLUSION: @entity4854 in @entity5448 pregnancies is easily managed with current insulin protocols; in contrast, glycemic excursions are difficult to manage in @entity14224 pregnancies. There was an increased percentage of miscarriages in @entity14224 pregnancies highlighting the importance of a diagnosis of @entity14224 - @entity2175 in @entity1 prior to conception and the necessity for preconception care.

title: The clinical management of @entity4854 in pregnancy complicated by XXXX .

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['maturity-onset diabetes of the young']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the incremental, comparative effectiveness ( @entity1 @entity1017 ) and cost effectiveness (financial @entity1017 ) associated with 0.3-mg intravitreal ranibizumab injection therapy versus sham therapy for @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ). DESIGN: Value-Based Medicine (Center for Value-Based Medicine, Flourtown, PA) 14-year, cost-utility analysis using @entity1 preferences and 2012 United States real dollars. @entity1 : Published data from the identical Ranibizumab Injection in Subjects with Clinically Significant @entity1103 with Center Involvement Secondary to @entity6 (RISE and RIDE) clinical trials. METHODS: An incremental cost-utility analysis was performed using societal and third-party insurer cost perspectives. Costs and outcomes were discounted with net present value analysis at 3% per annum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incremental comparative effectiveness was measured in: (1) quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gain and (2) percent @entity1 value (quality-of-life) gain. Cost effectiveness was quantified with the cost-utility ratio (CUR) measured as  /QALY. RESULTS: The 14-year, incremental @entity1 @entity1017 conferred by intravitreal ranibizumab therapy for @entity6 was 0.9981 QALY, equating to an 11.6% improvement in quality of life. The direct, ophthalmic medical cost for ranibizumab therapy in 1 eye was  30 116, whereas for 2 eyes it was  56 336. The direct, nonophthalmic, medical costs saved from decreased @entity308 , injury, skilled nursing facility admissions, nursing home admissions, and other vision-associated costs totaled  51 758, resulting in an overall direct medical cost of  4578. The net mean societal cost for bilateral ranibizumab therapy was  - 30 807. Of this total, decreased caregiver costs accrued a  31 406 savings against the direct medical costs, whereas decreased wage losses accrued a  3978 savings. The third-party insurer CUR for bilateral ranibizumab therapy was  4587/QALY. The societal cost perspective for bilateral therapy was  - 30 807/QALY, indicating that ranibizumab therapy dominated sham therapy because it conferred both a positive QALY gain of 0.9981 and a financial @entity1017 (positive financial return on investment) of  30 807 referent to the direct ophthalmic medical costs expended. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal ranibizumab therapy for the treatment of @entity1103 confers considerable @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity1017 . It also accrues financial value to @entity1 , public and private insurers, and society.

title: The Cost-Effectiveness of Ranibizumab for the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Mellitus', 'diabetic maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['Macular Edema', 'DME', 'diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['value gain']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Macular Edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3883 ( @entity3883 ) using stent-retrievers has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment in @entity64 ( @entity64 ), particularly in large vessel occlusion. Other than @entity1 characteristics, time to recanalization is the most important factor linked to outcome. @entity3883 is usually performed in a dedicated angiography suite using a floor- and/or ceiling-mounted biplane angiographic system. Here we report our first experience of @entity3883 with a new combined CT and mobile C-arm X-ray device setup. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity64 underwent @entity64 imaging (non-contrast enhanced CT, CT perfusion, and CT angiography) using a commercially available 64-slice CT scanner which was modified for combined use with a C-arm system. In @entity1 with large vessel occlusion, @entity3883 was conducted without further @entity1 transfer within the CT imaging suite using a mobile C-arm X-ray device equipped with a 30*30   cm (12*12   inch), 1.5*1.5   k full-view flat detector which was positioned between the gantry and @entity1 table. The safety and feasibility of this new system was assessed in preliminary @entity1 . RESULTS: Angiographic imaging quality of the mobile C-arm was feasible and satisfactory for diagnostic angiography and @entity3883 . Using this setup, time between @entity64 imaging and groin puncture (picture-to-puncture time) was reduced by up to 35 min (including time for preparation of the @entity1 such as intubation). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3883 using a combined CT/C-arm system is safe and feasible. The potential advantages, particularly time saving and ensuing improvement in @entity1 outcome, need to be assessed in a larger study.

title: XXXX using a combined CT/C-arm X-ray system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['MT', 'Mechanical thrombectomy']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS', 'stroke']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['Mechanical thrombectomy']


abstract: Sixty-eight cases (44 males, 24 females) of anterior segment @entity1480 are reviewed. Five @entity1 had no rise in intraocular pressure, 38 had @entity2790 and 25 had @entity726 as shown by optic disc cupping and field loss. All cases had heavy deposition of pigment in the drainage angle together with Krukenberg spindles and/or light reflux through the iris. Other evidence of anterior segment pigment dispersal was common. The condition was commonest in young adult males, but could present at any age and in @entity1 . Medical treatment was often successful initially, but continued to control pressure in only 17 of 42 @entity1 . Laser trabeculoplasty helped some @entity1 . Drainage operations of various types were successful in 19 of 23 cases. Iris angiography showed evidence of vascular hypoperfusion of the iris which probably precedes pigment dispersal and suggests that the ultimate aetiology may be a @entity942 of the mesodermal support tissues of the iris. Some degree of iris @entity194 is also common and may become marked. Pigment dispersal from the pigment epithelium of the iris occurs in susceptible individuals and may be associated with the insertion of the dilator muscle. The term anterior segment pigment dispersal seems appropriate as the condition is limited to the anterior segment.

title: Pigmentary glaucoma: a clinical review of anterior segment XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['stromal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['congenital deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['pigment dispersal syndrome']

answer: @entity1480 :: (MESH:C563184,Disease) :: ['pigment dispersal syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dopaminergic agonists (DAs) are widely used to treat motor symptoms in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). The differential effect of DAs on neuropsychiatric symptoms of @entity191 has not been accurately studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study of 515 non-demented @entity191 @entity1 receiving treatment with @entity399 [n = 250, monotherapy or with @entity3034 ( @entity3034 )], @entity25049 (n = 150, monotherapy or with @entity3034 ), or @entity3034 (n = 115, monotherapy); all formulations were immediate release. Neuropsychiatric disturbances were assessed through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Groups were matched in terms of age, education, sex, disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr), disease duration, executive function, total @entity3034 daily equivalent dose, and concomitant psychotropic medications (antidepressants, anxiolytics and antipsychotic agents). RESULTS: @entity1 on @entity399 showed significantly lower total NPI scores than @entity1 on @entity25049 (17.2    11 vs. 20.9    13, p = 0.015). Regarding the spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms, @entity399 was associated with significantly lower apathy scores than the @entity3034 group (1.01    1.7 vs. 1.87    2.93, p = 0.02). The frequency of @entity1 with clinically meaningful symptoms of apathy (NPI apathy scores >=  4) was significantly lower in the @entity399 group (11.2 %) than in the @entity25049 (20.3 %) and @entity3034 (23.8 %) groups (   (2) 12.49, p = 0.002). No other significant differences were found in NPI subscores between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first head-to-head comparative study of the effect of DAs on @entity146 in @entity191 that has controlled the sample for the most important confounding factors. In comparable groups of @entity1 , the use of @entity399 seems to be associated with a lower frequency and severity of apathetic symptoms.

title: Head-to-Head Comparison of the Neuropsychiatric Effect of Dopamine Agonists in XXXX : A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study in Non-demented @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['L-dopa', 'levodopa']

entities_list: @entity25049 :: ('MESH:C046649', 'Chemical') :: ['ropinirole']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disturbances']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity399 :: ('MESH:C061333', 'Chemical') :: ['pramipexole']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dopaminergic agonists (DAs) are widely used to treat motor symptoms in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). The differential effect of DAs on neuropsychiatric symptoms of @entity191 has not been accurately studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study of 515 non-demented @entity191 @entity1 receiving treatment with @entity399 [n = 250, monotherapy or with @entity3034 ( @entity3034 )], @entity25049 (n = 150, monotherapy or with @entity3034 ), or @entity3034 (n = 115, monotherapy); all formulations were immediate release. Neuropsychiatric disturbances were assessed through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Groups were matched in terms of age, education, sex, disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr), disease duration, executive function, total @entity3034 daily equivalent dose, and concomitant psychotropic medications (antidepressants, anxiolytics and antipsychotic agents). RESULTS: @entity1 on @entity399 showed significantly lower total NPI scores than @entity1 on @entity25049 (17.2    11 vs. 20.9    13, p = 0.015). Regarding the spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms, @entity399 was associated with significantly lower apathy scores than the @entity3034 group (1.01    1.7 vs. 1.87    2.93, p = 0.02). The frequency of @entity1 with clinically meaningful symptoms of apathy (NPI apathy scores >=  4) was significantly lower in the @entity399 group (11.2 %) than in the @entity25049 (20.3 %) and @entity3034 (23.8 %) groups (   (2) 12.49, p = 0.002). No other significant differences were found in NPI subscores between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first head-to-head comparative study of the effect of DAs on @entity146 in @entity191 that has controlled the sample for the most important confounding factors. In comparable groups of @entity1 , the use of @entity399 seems to be associated with a lower frequency and severity of apathetic symptoms.

title: Head-to-Head Comparison of the Neuropsychiatric Effect of Dopamine Agonists in @entity191 : A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study in Non-demented XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Opioids are increasingly used in the elderly. Side effects differ compared to other analgesics. PURPOSE: In this review article, special aspects about using opioids for noncancer @entity158 in older @entity1 and in geriatric @entity1 are identified. CURRENT SITUATION: So far randomized controlled trials for the indication of and comparison between various opioids have been performed in middle-aged @entity1 and not exclusively in geriatric @entity1 or elderly (>   75  years). Furthermore, the evidence for multimorbid elderly @entity1 with respect to side effects is also very poor. RECOMMENDATIONS: The indication for opioid therapy should be narrow. The @entity1 and their caregivers must be provided @entity1 information regarding opioid therapy. The principle "start low, go slow" is highly recommended. To reduce the risk of falls, longer acting opioids should be used and short acting opioids should be avoided. Everyday relevant negative effects on cognition are possible in opioid use and have to be observed. As recommended in the recently published German guideline for long-term use of opioids in noncancer @entity158 a critical check after 3  months and in case of dosing over 120  mg @entity1286 equivalents is advisable, especially for older @entity1 . @entity8 and drug interactions have to be taken into consideration like in every age group.

title: [Opioids for noncancer XXXX in the elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Liver and kidney function']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Integrated vector management (IVM) is recommended as a sustainable approach to @entity311 control. IVM consists of combining vector control methods based on scientific evidence to maximize efficacy and cost-effectiveness while minimizing negative impacts, such as insecticide resistance and environmental damage. Zooprophylaxis has been identified as a possible component of IVM as livestock may draw mosquitoes away from @entity1 , decreasing @entity1 -vector contact and @entity311 transmission. It is possible, however, that livestock may actually draw mosquitoes to @entity1 , increasing @entity311 transmission (zoopotentiation). The goal of this paper is to take a realist approach to a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature to understand the contexts under which zooprophylaxis or zoopotentiation occur. METHODS: Three electronic databases were searched using the keywords 'zooprophylaxis' and 'zoopotentiation', and forward and backward citation tracking employed, to identify relevant articles. Only empirical, peer-reviewed articles were included. Critical appraisal was applied to articles retained for full review. RESULTS: Twenty empirical studies met inclusion criteria after critical appraisal. A range of experimental and observational study designs were reported. Outcome measures included @entity1 @entity281 and mosquito feeding behaviour. Two key factors were consistently associated with zooprophylaxis and zoopotentiation: the characteristics of the local mosquito vector, and the location of livestock relative to @entity1 sleeping quarters. These associations were modified by the use of bed nets and socio-economic factors. DISCUSSION: This review suggests that @entity311 risk is reduced (zooprophylaxis) in areas where predominant mosquito species do not prefer @entity1 hosts, where livestock are kept at a distance from @entity1 sleeping quarters at night, and where mosquito nets or other protective measures are used. Zoopotentiation occurs where livestock are housed within or near @entity1 sleeping quarters at night and where mosquito species prefer @entity1 hosts. CONCLUSION: The evidence suggests that zooprophylaxis could be part of an effective strategy to reduce @entity311 transmission under specific ecological and geographical conditions. The current scientific evidence base is inconclusive on understanding the role of socio-economic factors, optimal distance between livestock and @entity1 sleeping quarters, and the effect of animal species and number on zooprophylaxis.

title: A systematic, realist review of zooprophylaxis for XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The @entity548 ( @entity548 ) secondary to @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) was reported to be relevant to a higher incidence of @entity1276 , which would result in poorer outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1779 . However, the mechanisms responsible for this relationship remain poorly characterized. Thus, this study was designed to further explore the development and progression of @entity1276 after secondary @entity548 . METHODS: Autologous blood injection model was induced to mimic @entity1779 with ventricular extension ( @entity1779 / @entity548 ) or primary @entity548 in @entity35 . Magnetic resonance imaging, Morris water maze, brain water content, Evans blue extravasation, immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot, @entity68 determination, and electron microscopy were used in these @entity35 . Then, @entity5532 treatment was used to clarify the involvement of @entity68 in the development of @entity1276 . RESULTS: Despite the injection of equivalent blood volumes, @entity1779 / @entity548 resulted in more significant @entity2554 , @entity16 , and @entity68 overload, as well as more severe early @entity1545 and @entity51 compared with @entity548 alone. Systemic @entity5532 treatment more effectively reduced ventricular enlargement in @entity1779 / @entity548 compared with primary @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that @entity1779 / @entity548 caused more significant chronic @entity1276 and @entity68 accumulation than primary @entity548 alone. Intracerebral @entity1410 plays a vital role in persistent @entity68 overload and aggravated @entity1276 after @entity1779 / @entity548 .

title: XXXX Contributes to @entity1276 After Intraventricular Hemorrhage via Aggravating @entity68 Accumulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'IVH']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ependymal cilia damage']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Intracerebral Hematoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The @entity548 ( @entity548 ) secondary to @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) was reported to be relevant to a higher incidence of @entity1276 , which would result in poorer outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1779 . However, the mechanisms responsible for this relationship remain poorly characterized. Thus, this study was designed to further explore the development and progression of @entity1276 after secondary @entity548 . METHODS: Autologous blood injection model was induced to mimic @entity1779 with ventricular extension ( @entity1779 / @entity548 ) or primary @entity548 in @entity35 . Magnetic resonance imaging, Morris water maze, brain water content, Evans blue extravasation, immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot, @entity68 determination, and electron microscopy were used in these @entity35 . Then, @entity5532 treatment was used to clarify the involvement of @entity68 in the development of @entity1276 . RESULTS: Despite the injection of equivalent blood volumes, @entity1779 / @entity548 resulted in more significant @entity2554 , @entity16 , and @entity68 overload, as well as more severe early @entity1545 and @entity51 compared with @entity548 alone. Systemic @entity5532 treatment more effectively reduced ventricular enlargement in @entity1779 / @entity548 compared with primary @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that @entity1779 / @entity548 caused more significant chronic @entity1276 and @entity68 accumulation than primary @entity548 alone. Intracerebral @entity1410 plays a vital role in persistent @entity68 overload and aggravated @entity1276 after @entity1779 / @entity548 .

title: @entity1779 Contributes to XXXX After Intraventricular Hemorrhage via Aggravating @entity68 Accumulation.

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['Hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The @entity548 ( @entity548 ) secondary to @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) was reported to be relevant to a higher incidence of @entity1276 , which would result in poorer outcomes for @entity1 with @entity1779 . However, the mechanisms responsible for this relationship remain poorly characterized. Thus, this study was designed to further explore the development and progression of @entity1276 after secondary @entity548 . METHODS: Autologous blood injection model was induced to mimic @entity1779 with ventricular extension ( @entity1779 / @entity548 ) or primary @entity548 in @entity35 . Magnetic resonance imaging, Morris water maze, brain water content, Evans blue extravasation, immunohistochemistry staining, Western blot, @entity68 determination, and electron microscopy were used in these @entity35 . Then, @entity5532 treatment was used to clarify the involvement of @entity68 in the development of @entity1276 . RESULTS: Despite the injection of equivalent blood volumes, @entity1779 / @entity548 resulted in more significant @entity2554 , @entity16 , and @entity68 overload, as well as more severe early @entity1545 and @entity51 compared with @entity548 alone. Systemic @entity5532 treatment more effectively reduced ventricular enlargement in @entity1779 / @entity548 compared with primary @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that @entity1779 / @entity548 caused more significant chronic @entity1276 and @entity68 accumulation than primary @entity548 alone. Intracerebral @entity1410 plays a vital role in persistent @entity68 overload and aggravated @entity1276 after @entity1779 / @entity548 .

title: @entity1779 Contributes to @entity1276 After Intraventricular Hemorrhage via Aggravating XXXX Accumulation.

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['Iron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity9826 is a congenital condition characterized by an abnormally short, thickened, or tight lingual frenulum that restricts tongue mobility. The objective of this study was to systematically review literature on surgical and nonsurgical treatments for @entity1 with @entity9826 . METHODS: Medline, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Embase were searched up to August 2014. Two reviewers independently assessed studies against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted data regarding @entity1 and intervention characteristics and outcomes and assigned quality and strength-of-evidence ratings. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies reported breastfeeding effectiveness outcomes (5 randomized controlled trials [RCTs], 1 retrospective cohort, and 23 case series). Four RCTs reported improvements in breastfeeding efficacy by using either maternally reported or observer ratings, whereas 2 RCTs found no improvement with observer ratings. Although mothers consistently reported improved effectiveness after frenotomy, outcome measures were heterogeneous and short-term. Based on current literature, the strength of the evidence (confidence in the estimate of effect) for this issue is low. We included comparative studies published in English. The evidence base is limited, consisting of small studies, short-term outcomes, and little information to characterize @entity1 adequately. No studies addressed nonsurgical interventions, longer-term breastfeeding or growth outcomes, or surgical intervention compared with other approaches to improve breastfeeding, such as lactation consultation. CONCLUSIONS: A small body of evidence suggests that frenotomy may be associated with mother-reported improvements in breastfeeding, and potentially in @entity158 , but with small, short-term studies with inconsistent methodology, strength of the evidence is low to insufficient.

title: Treatment of XXXX and Breastfeeding Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nipple pain']

entities_list: @entity9826 :: ('MESH:C562396', 'Disease') :: ['ankyloglossia', 'Ankyloglossia']

answer: @entity9826 :: (MESH:C562396,Disease) :: ['Ankyloglossia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The gene @entity72089 encodes the @entity5993 cotransporter electrogenic 2, which is located in the distal nephron. Genetically deleting @entity5993 cotransporter electrogenic 2 (knockout) causes @entity4024 -retention and @entity101 , a phenotype that is diminished with alkali loading. We performed experiments with acid-loaded @entity19 and determined whether overactive epithelial @entity4024 channels ( @entity28919 ) or the @entity4202 cotransporter causes the @entity4024 retention and @entity101 in knockout. In untreated @entity19 , the mean arterial pressure was higher in knockout, compared with @entity164 ( @entity164 ); however, treatment with @entity6478 , a blocker of @entity28919 , abolished this difference. In contrast, @entity918 , an inhibitor of @entity4202 cotransporter, decreased mean arterial pressure in @entity164 , but not knockout. Western blots showed that quantity of plasmalemmal full-length @entity28919 -a was significantly higher in knockout than in @entity164 . @entity6478 treatment caused a 2-fold greater increase in @entity4024 excretion in knockout, compared with @entity164 . In knockout, but not @entity164 , @entity6478 treatment decreased plasma [ @entity4024 ] and urinary @entity3529 excretion, but increased hematocrit and plasma [ @entity3529 ] significantly. Micropuncture with microelectrodes showed that the [ @entity3529 ] was significantly higher and the transepithelial potential (Vte) was significantly lower in the late distal tubule of the knockout compared with @entity164 . The reduced Vte in knockout was @entity6478 sensitive and therefore revealed an upregulation of electrogenic @entity28919 -mediated @entity4024 reabsorption in this segment. These results show that, in the absence of @entity5993 cotransporter electrogenic 2 in the late distal tubule, acid-loaded @entity19 exhibit disinhibition of @entity28919 -mediated @entity4024 reabsorption, which results in @entity4024 retention, @entity3529 wasting, and @entity101 .

title: Increased Epithelial Sodium Channel Activity Contributes to XXXX Caused by @entity5993 - Cotransporter Electrogenic 2 Deficiency.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiloride', 'amiloride']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The gene @entity72089 encodes the @entity5993 cotransporter electrogenic 2, which is located in the distal nephron. Genetically deleting @entity5993 cotransporter electrogenic 2 (knockout) causes @entity4024 -retention and @entity101 , a phenotype that is diminished with alkali loading. We performed experiments with acid-loaded @entity19 and determined whether overactive epithelial @entity4024 channels ( @entity28919 ) or the @entity4202 cotransporter causes the @entity4024 retention and @entity101 in knockout. In untreated @entity19 , the mean arterial pressure was higher in knockout, compared with @entity164 ( @entity164 ); however, treatment with @entity6478 , a blocker of @entity28919 , abolished this difference. In contrast, @entity918 , an inhibitor of @entity4202 cotransporter, decreased mean arterial pressure in @entity164 , but not knockout. Western blots showed that quantity of plasmalemmal full-length @entity28919 -a was significantly higher in knockout than in @entity164 . @entity6478 treatment caused a 2-fold greater increase in @entity4024 excretion in knockout, compared with @entity164 . In knockout, but not @entity164 , @entity6478 treatment decreased plasma [ @entity4024 ] and urinary @entity3529 excretion, but increased hematocrit and plasma [ @entity3529 ] significantly. Micropuncture with microelectrodes showed that the [ @entity3529 ] was significantly higher and the transepithelial potential (Vte) was significantly lower in the late distal tubule of the knockout compared with @entity164 . The reduced Vte in knockout was @entity6478 sensitive and therefore revealed an upregulation of electrogenic @entity28919 -mediated @entity4024 reabsorption in this segment. These results show that, in the absence of @entity5993 cotransporter electrogenic 2 in the late distal tubule, acid-loaded @entity19 exhibit disinhibition of @entity28919 -mediated @entity4024 reabsorption, which results in @entity4024 retention, @entity3529 wasting, and @entity101 .

title: Increased Epithelial Sodium Channel Activity Contributes to @entity101 Caused by XXXX - Cotransporter Electrogenic 2 Deficiency.

answer: @entity5993 :: (CHEBI:32139,Chemical) :: ['Na+-HCO3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effects of @entity308 fractures of the tibial plateau through a modified anterolateral approach. METHODS: From February 2011 to January 2012,13 @entity1 with @entity308 fractures of the tibial plateau were treated through a modified anterolateral approach. There were 8 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 28 to 59 years old (49.2 years old on average). Data from @entity1 were collected retrospectively as follows: X-ray, time of @entity174 healing and the complications of @entity174 healing. The @entity1 were evaluated both clinically and radiologically according to the Rasmussen score system. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 18 months (mean 13.7 months). All the @entity1 got bony union. The average radiographic bony union time was 15.1 weeks (ranged, 11 to 17 weeks). No case of secondary articular @entity308 was found. No complications such as @entity2720 were found. But 1 @entity1 had superficial infection and 1 @entity1 had common @entity3030 . According to the Rasmussen score system,the mean radiological score was 16.50    0.67 (ranged, 13 to 18), and the mean functional score was 25.20    2.21 (ranged, 13 to 30). The mean range of knee motion was (125.3    9.3)   (ranged, 0   to 135  ). CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity308 fractures of posterolateral tibial plateau with a modified anterolateral approach is a safe method with effective exposure, due to its stable fixation and relatively good outcome with minimal soft-tissue complications. It is regarded as an ideal procedure for @entity308 fractures of posterolateral tibial plateau.

title: [Treatment of XXXX fractures of posterolateral tibial plateau through a modified anterolateral approach].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['posterolateral depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3030 :: ('MESH:D020427', 'Disease') :: ['peroneal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['malunion or joint stiffness']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Different regimens containing @entity1215 have been tried in treating @entity5117 @entity1 . In our study we have studied three regimens. Regimen I consists of treating @entity1 with @entity1215 600 mg once a month for six months combined with @entity3761 100mg daily and treatment is stopped at six months. Regimen II is same as regimen I except that instead of stopping treatment at the end of six months the treatment was continued with @entity3761 100 mg daily for another six months and treatment was stopped at one year. Regimen III is the same as recommended by I.A.L. in which treatment is started with @entity1215 600 mg daily for seven days in the first month to be followed by @entity1215 600 mg once a month for five more months. This is combined with @entity3761 100mg daily for one year. Treatment in this group is also stopped at one year. Eighty one @entity1 in Regimen I, thirty five @entity1 in Regimen II and sixty three @entity1 in Regimen III completed the six month treatment. It was found that the inactivation index in all the three regimens was nearly the same.

title: Chemotherapeutic trials with different regimens containing XXXX in @entity5117 cases--a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity5117 :: ('MESH:D056005', 'Disease') :: ['paucibacillary leprosy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3761 :: ('MESH:D003622', 'Chemical') :: ['dapsone', 'Dapsone']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['Rifampicin']

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampicin']


abstract: Different regimens containing @entity1215 have been tried in treating @entity5117 @entity1 . In our study we have studied three regimens. Regimen I consists of treating @entity1 with @entity1215 600 mg once a month for six months combined with @entity3761 100mg daily and treatment is stopped at six months. Regimen II is same as regimen I except that instead of stopping treatment at the end of six months the treatment was continued with @entity3761 100 mg daily for another six months and treatment was stopped at one year. Regimen III is the same as recommended by I.A.L. in which treatment is started with @entity1215 600 mg daily for seven days in the first month to be followed by @entity1215 600 mg once a month for five more months. This is combined with @entity3761 100mg daily for one year. Treatment in this group is also stopped at one year. Eighty one @entity1 in Regimen I, thirty five @entity1 in Regimen II and sixty three @entity1 in Regimen III completed the six month treatment. It was found that the inactivation index in all the three regimens was nearly the same.

title: Chemotherapeutic trials with different regimens containing @entity1215 in XXXX cases--a preliminary report.

answer: @entity5117 :: (MESH:D056005,Disease) :: ['paucibacillary type of leprosy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intakes of @entity9495 , @entity560 , casein and whey are associated with @entity2521 and to investigate the possibility of interactions between them. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. An Internet-based, 267-item FFQ was used to assess dietary intake. Intakes of casein (32  0 g/d), whey proteins (9  6 g/d) and @entity560 (5  8  g/d) were classified as within v. above the 50th percentile. @entity9495 intake was classified as within v. below age-specific recommendations. Severe @entity2521 was defined as having >= 2 inter-proximal sites with clinical attachment loss >= 6 mm (not on the same tooth) and >= 1 inter-proximal site with pocket depth >= 5 mm. Since @entity560 influences @entity9495 absorption, models were stratified by lower and higher (<5  8 v. >= 5  8   g/d) @entity560 intake. SETTING: Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES) 2007-2008. SUBJECTS: Adult @entity1 (n 3287) in the oral health study of DANHES 2007-2008. RESULTS: Intakes of @entity9495 within recommendations (OR=0  76; 95 % CI 0  58, 0  99), whey >= 9  6 g/d (OR=0  75; 95 % CI 0  58, 0  97) and casein >= 32 g/d (OR=0  75 95 % CI 0  58, 0  97) were associated with lower likelihood of severe @entity2521 after adjustment for age, gender, education, smoking, sucrose intake, @entity285 consumption, number of teeth, daily brushing, regular visits to the dentist and @entity102 , irrespective of @entity560 intake levels. Intake of @entity560 alone was not associated severe with @entity2521 . CONCLUSIONS: Intakes of @entity9495 , casein and whey protein were inversely associated with @entity2521 . Consumption of foods rich in @entity9495 , casein and whey (e.g. dairy foods) should be promoted, as they may contribute to the prevention of @entity2521 . Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm these associations.

title: Calcium, XXXX , casein and whey protein intakes and @entity2521 among Danish adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether intakes of @entity9495 , @entity560 , casein and whey are associated with @entity2521 and to investigate the possibility of interactions between them. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. An Internet-based, 267-item FFQ was used to assess dietary intake. Intakes of casein (32  0 g/d), whey proteins (9  6 g/d) and @entity560 (5  8  g/d) were classified as within v. above the 50th percentile. @entity9495 intake was classified as within v. below age-specific recommendations. Severe @entity2521 was defined as having >= 2 inter-proximal sites with clinical attachment loss >= 6 mm (not on the same tooth) and >= 1 inter-proximal site with pocket depth >= 5 mm. Since @entity560 influences @entity9495 absorption, models were stratified by lower and higher (<5  8 v. >= 5  8   g/d) @entity560 intake. SETTING: Danish Health Examination Survey (DANHES) 2007-2008. SUBJECTS: Adult @entity1 (n 3287) in the oral health study of DANHES 2007-2008. RESULTS: Intakes of @entity9495 within recommendations (OR=0  76; 95 % CI 0  58, 0  99), whey >= 9  6 g/d (OR=0  75; 95 % CI 0  58, 0  97) and casein >= 32 g/d (OR=0  75 95 % CI 0  58, 0  97) were associated with lower likelihood of severe @entity2521 after adjustment for age, gender, education, smoking, sucrose intake, @entity285 consumption, number of teeth, daily brushing, regular visits to the dentist and @entity102 , irrespective of @entity560 intake levels. Intake of @entity560 alone was not associated severe with @entity2521 . CONCLUSIONS: Intakes of @entity9495 , casein and whey protein were inversely associated with @entity2521 . Consumption of foods rich in @entity9495 , casein and whey (e.g. dairy foods) should be promoted, as they may contribute to the prevention of @entity2521 . Further longitudinal studies are required to confirm these associations.

title: Calcium, @entity560 , casein and whey protein intakes and XXXX among Danish adults.

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: This article focuses on the associated signs and symptoms of @entity1 with partial agenesis of the @entity6789 . The orodental manifestations of such cases have been given special weightage which will prove to be of great help to oral physician when encountered with such cases. CASE DETAILS: Two siblings, aged 14 and 16 years, reported with a chief complaint of severe @entity3232 with mouth breathing habit. They were low birth-weight babies and had been born to non-consanguinous parents. The distinguishing features of these @entity1 were @entity2122 , delayed developmental milestones, mild @entity1032 and abnormal gait. The nosological features and the clinical manifestations of this syndrome and the plausible autosomal recessive inheritance of this rare syndrome have been elicited. The diagnosis was based on characteristic phenotype, in particular striking craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities and neuroimaging. CONCLUSION: It is a challenge for healthcare professionals to help these youths to maximize their potential as @entity1 beings and help them achieve a meaningful adulthood. On the other hand, diagnosing such cases can be a challenge to dentistry. A systematic protocol, if adhered, can lead to a more appropriate diagnosis. Managing such cases in a clinical setup involves a multispeciality and interdisciplinary approach.

title: Orodental manifestations in cases with partial agenesis of XXXX -rare phenomena.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['crowding of teeth']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['corpus callosum']

answer: @entity6789 :: (MESH:D061085,Disease) :: ['corpus callosum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A lack of an aetiologically based nosology classification has contributed to instability in psychiatric diagnoses over time. This study aimed to examine the diagnostic stability of @entity716 diagnoses using data from an incidence sample of @entity716 cases, followed up after 10 years and to examine those baseline variables which were associated with diagnostic change. METHOD: Data were examined from the   SOP and   SOP-10 studies, an incidence and follow-up study, respectively, of a population-based cohort of first-episode @entity716 cases from two sites. Diagnosis was assigned using @entity1479 -10 and DSM-IV-TR. Diagnostic change was examined using prospective and retrospective consistency. Baseline variables associated with change were examined using logistic regression and likelihood ratio tests. RESULTS: Slightly more (59.6%) cases had the same baseline and lifetime @entity1479 -10 diagnosis compared with DSM-IV-TR (55.3%), but prospective and retrospective consistency was similar. @entity161 , @entity162 and drug-induced @entity716 were more prospectively consistent than other diagnoses. A substantial number of cases with other diagnoses at baseline ( @entity1479 -10, n = 61; DSM-IV-TR, n = 76) were classified as having @entity161 at 10 years. Many variables were associated with change to @entity161 but few with overall change in diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnoses other than @entity161 should to be regarded as potentially provisional.

title: Diagnostic change 10 years after a first episode of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The protective effect of colonoscopy against proximal @entity14 is variable and depends on the detection and complete removal of @entity1613 . OBJECTIVE: To estimate the efficacy of colonoscopy in a medical center with open-access screening colonoscopy since  1998. DESIGN: Nested case-control study with incidence density sampling. SETTING: University-affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center. @entity1 : @entity14 ( @entity14 ) cases and control subjects selected from screening age @entity1 matched by age, gender, and date of first primary care visit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Colonoscopy preceding the @entity14 diagnosis date. RESULTS: A total of 20.2% of @entity14 cases had a colonoscopy in the preceding 10 years compared with 49.0% of control subjects (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], .20; 95% confidence interval [CI], .11-.34). Colonoscopy was strongly associated with decreased odds of both distal @entity14 (aOR, .16; 95% CI, .07-.34) and proximal @entity14 (aOR, .26; 95% CI, .11-.58). The fraction of cases @entity5 was 10.5%. Missed lesions predominantly localized to the cecum and rectum, and recurrent lesions clustered in the hepatic flexure. Cecal intubation rate was 93% (98% in adequately prepped @entity1 ), and the @entity652 detection rate was 45.2% in the control group. LIMITATIONS: Single-center, retrospective case-control design. CONCLUSION: In an open access colonoscopy program characterized by a high cecal intubation rate and @entity652 detection rate, colonoscopy was strongly associated with reduced odds of both distal and proximal @entity14 . Among @entity5 , @entity75 clustered in the cecum and rectum and recurrent lesions in the hepatic flexure.

title: Protective association of colonoscopy against proximal and distal colon cancer and patterns in interval XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['interval cancers', 'attributed to interval cancers']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['missed lesions']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of the neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6a ( @entity41234 ), the proteolipid protein ( @entity16167 /DM20) family member, is downregulated in the hippocampus of chronically stressed animals. Its neuroplastic function involves a role in neurite formation, filopodium outgrowth and synaptogenesis through an unknown mechanism. Disruptions in neuroplasticity mechanisms have been shown to play a significant part in the etiology of @entity308 . Thus, the current investigation examined whether @entity41234 expression is also altered in @entity1 @entity308 brain. METHODS: Expression levels and coexpression patterns of @entity41234 , @entity28916 , and @entity16167 (two other members of @entity16167 /DM20 family) as well as of the neuroplasticity-related genes identified to associate with @entity41234 were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in postmortem samples from the hippocampus (n=18) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (n=25) of @entity308 suicide victims and compared with control subjects (hippocampus n=18; PFC n=25). Neuroplasticity-related proteins that form complexes with @entity41234 were identified by coimmunoprecipitation technique followed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Results indicated transcriptional downregulation of @entity41234 and @entity28916 in the hippocampus of @entity308 suicides. The expression level of @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha ( @entity40154 ) and @entity50329 ( @entity50329 ) was also significantly decreased. Subsequent analysis of coexpression patterns demonstrated coordinated gene expression in the hippocampus and in the PFC indicating that the function of these genes might be coregulated in the @entity1 brain. However, in the brain of @entity308 suicides this coordinated response was disrupted. CONCLUSIONS: Disruption of coordinated gene expression as well as abnormalities in @entity41234 and @entity28916 expression and expression of the components of @entity41234 complexes were detected in the brain of @entity308 suicides.

title: Altered expression of neuroplasticity-related genes in the brain of XXXX suicides.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction: @entity4327 in a post-pneumonectomy cavity (PEC) occurs with a frequency of 2%-15% and a mortality of more than 10%. It can occur with or without @entity292 ( @entity292 ). The treatment of @entity3509 in the PEC requires a strict algorithm: drainage, bronchoscopy, closure of the @entity292 , thorough cleaning of the PEC, filling the cavity, thoracoplasty. Methods: 39 cases with an @entity3509 in the PEC were analysed retrospectively ( @entity1 : n=38; @entity1 : n=1; mean age: 60.3  7.6 years). In 32 (82.1%) of the @entity1 , a @entity292 was detected (right: n=26, left: n=6). The average length of stay in hospital was 125 days (22-293 days). Cleaning of the PEC was achieved in all surviving @entity1 (n=23, 65.1%). All @entity1 (n=39) underwent bronchoscopy with placement of a chest tube for drainage. The @entity292 was closed in three cases (7.7%) with a stent while in 12 cases (30.8%) a vascularized flap was used. In 14 @entity1 (35.9%) the bronchial stump was either reclosed with sutures or resected. In three cases (7.7%) a re-anastomosis was performed. Results: The PEC became sterile by regular flushing with antibiotic solution in three @entity1 (7.7%). In 35.9% of the @entity1 (n=14), aggressive surgical debridement (Weder procedure) was necessary. A thoracic window was applied in 22 @entity1 (56.4%), followed by negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and change of dressing every three to four days or a tamponade of the @entity1514 with simple dressings. In 19 @entity1 (48.7%) the @entity1514 was sealed with an antibiotic solution. In 5 cases an Alexander thoracoplasty took place. Conclusions: @entity4327 after pneumonectomy still poses a serious @entity260 . A @entity292 is often detected. Thus, two problems arise at the same time - @entity292 and @entity281 in the @entity1143 . Through a strict algorithm, both problems can be dealt with in stages. After sealing the @entity292 , the @entity1514 is thoroughly cleaned and finally the thorax is closed. Only in a small number of @entity1 (1.3%) in whom these measures remain ineffective (persistent @entity794 , aspergillus colonization) should the cavity be obliterated by thoracoplasty.

title: [Differential Treatment Strategy of XXXX in a Post-Pneumonectomy Cavity].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic cavity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['BPF', 'fistula', 'bronchopleural fistula']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural empyema']

answer: @entity4327 :: (MESH:D016724,Disease) :: ['Pleural Empyema']


abstract: AIMS: The prevalence and potential role of autoantibodies against the @entity2161 autoantibody (b1-aab) and cardiac troponin-I (anti- @entity6949 ) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) are unknown. The aim of this study is to test whether b1-aab and anti- @entity6949 are prevalent in @entity583 @entity1 and to investigate their prognostic value for @entity5707 and clinical outcomes in @entity583 @entity1 . METHODS: This study included 491 @entity1 with first @entity583 at two centers. Serum samples were obtained. b1-aab and anti- @entity6949 were detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Echocardiographic assessments were performed at admission and following 1 year. The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were evaluated during a median follow-up period of 37 months. RESULTS: The positive rates of b1-aab and anti- @entity6949 in @entity583 @entity1 were 39.1 and 19.1%, respectively. The extent of @entity5707 correlated with the presence of b1-aab and/or anti- @entity6949 (double positive > single positive > double negative). Logistic regression revealed that both b1-aab [odds ratio (OR) 2.298, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.561-3.384, P<0.001] and anti- @entity6949 (OR 2.389, 95% CI 1.460-3.909, P=0.001) were predictive of @entity5707 . Cox proportional-hazard regression revealed that b1-aab, but not anti- @entity6949 , was strongly predictive of MACEs (hazard ratio 1.802, 95% CI 1.301-2.496, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: b1-aab and anti- @entity6949 were prevalent in @entity583 @entity1 . Both b1-aab and anti- @entity6949 were independent predictors of @entity5707 , whereas only b1-aab was an independent predictor of MACEs. Our findings suggest that b1-aab and anti- @entity6949 may actively participate in the process of @entity5707 after @entity583 .

title: The prognostic value of autoantibodies against XXXX and cardiac troponin-I for clinical outcomes in @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity2161 :: (153,Gene) :: ['b1-adrenoceptor']


abstract: AIMS: The prevalence and potential role of autoantibodies against the @entity2161 autoantibody (b1-aab) and cardiac troponin-I (anti- @entity6949 ) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) are unknown. The aim of this study is to test whether b1-aab and anti- @entity6949 are prevalent in @entity583 @entity1 and to investigate their prognostic value for @entity5707 and clinical outcomes in @entity583 @entity1 . METHODS: This study included 491 @entity1 with first @entity583 at two centers. Serum samples were obtained. b1-aab and anti- @entity6949 were detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Echocardiographic assessments were performed at admission and following 1 year. The major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) were evaluated during a median follow-up period of 37 months. RESULTS: The positive rates of b1-aab and anti- @entity6949 in @entity583 @entity1 were 39.1 and 19.1%, respectively. The extent of @entity5707 correlated with the presence of b1-aab and/or anti- @entity6949 (double positive > single positive > double negative). Logistic regression revealed that both b1-aab [odds ratio (OR) 2.298, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.561-3.384, P<0.001] and anti- @entity6949 (OR 2.389, 95% CI 1.460-3.909, P=0.001) were predictive of @entity5707 . Cox proportional-hazard regression revealed that b1-aab, but not anti- @entity6949 , was strongly predictive of MACEs (hazard ratio 1.802, 95% CI 1.301-2.496, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: b1-aab and anti- @entity6949 were prevalent in @entity583 @entity1 . Both b1-aab and anti- @entity6949 were independent predictors of @entity5707 , whereas only b1-aab was an independent predictor of MACEs. Our findings suggest that b1-aab and anti- @entity6949 may actively participate in the process of @entity5707 after @entity583 .

title: The prognostic value of autoantibodies against @entity2161 and cardiac troponin-I for clinical outcomes in XXXX .

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['STEMI']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term impact of a prehospital ECG programme on treatment times for @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: From January 2008 to December 2012, 213 @entity583 @entity1 transported by the Emergency Medical System (EMS) underwent primary PCI in our Hospital. The protocol included ECG tele-transmission, early activation of the cath lab and direct routing of the @entity1 for primary PCI. Fifty-four @entity1 referred by EMS in 2007, when ECG tele-transmission was unavailable, were used as controls. First diagnostic ECG-to-balloon time, door-to-balloon time and total ischemic time were collected for all @entity1 . RESULTS: First diagnostic ECG-to-balloon time decreased from 125.5min in 2007 to 104min in the first year after implementation of the @entity583 programme (2008). Successively, it declined to 81min by the end of the study period (2012) (P<0.0001). Door-to-balloon time decreased notably from 92.5min in 2007 to 40.5min by the end of the study period (p<0.0001). Total ischemic time fell from 200 min in 2007 to 170 min in 2008 and it further declined to 163.5 min in 2012 (p<0.042). CONCLUSIONS: We report progressive improvements in times to treatment over a 5-year period in a @entity583 program for @entity1 referred by the EMS. The importance of data collection and monitoring is highlighted by our results.

title: Care quality monitoring of a ST-segment elevation XXXX programme over a 5-year period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are conflicting data regarding the effect of @entity6838 use on mortality in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) or with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide detailed analysis of the currently available study reports. We performed a MEDLINE and a COCHRANE search (1993-2014) of the English literature dealing with the effects of @entity6838 on all-cause-mortality in subjects with @entity955 or @entity712 . Only full-sized articles published in peer-reviewed journals were considered for this meta-analysis. A total of 19 reports were identified. Nine reports dealt with @entity955 @entity1 , seven with @entity1 suffering from @entity712 , and three with both clinical conditions. Based on the analysis of adjusted mortality results of all 19 studies comprising 326 426 @entity1 , @entity6838 use was associated with an increased relative risk of all-cause mortality [Hazard ratio (HR) 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07 to 1.38, P < 0.01]. Compared with subjects not receiving glycosides, @entity6838 was associated with a 29% increased mortality risk (HR 1.29; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.39) in the subgroup of publications comprising 235 047 @entity955 @entity1 . Among 91.379 @entity712 @entity1 , @entity6838 -associated mortality risk increased by 14% (HR 1.14, 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.22). The present systematic review and meta-analysis of all available data sources suggest that @entity6838 use is associated with an increased mortality risk, particularly among @entity1 suffering from @entity955 .

title: XXXX -associated mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity6838 :: (MESH:D004077,Chemical) :: ['Digoxin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stearates containing overbased detergent nanoparticles (NPs) are used as acid neutralising additives in automotive and marine engine oils. @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations of the self-assembly of @entity4959 , @entity3106 as a co-surfactant and stabilising surfactants of such NPs in a model explicit molecular hydrophobic solvent have been carried out using a methodology described first by Bodnarchuk et al. [J. Phys. Chem. C, 2014, 118, 21092]. The cores and particles as a whole become more elongated with stearate, and the surfactant molecules are more spaced out in this geometry than in their stearate-free counterparts. The rod dimensions are found to be largely independent of the surfactant type for a given amount of @entity16415 . The corresponding particles without stearate were more spherical, the precise shape depending to a greater extent on the chemical architecture of the surfactant molecule. The rod-shaped stearate containing nanoparticles penetrated a model water droplet to a greater depth than the corresponding near-spherical particle, which is possibly facilitated by the dissociation of nanoparticle surfactant molecules onto the surface of the water in this process. These simulations are the first to corroborate the nanoparticle-water penetration mechanism proposed previously by experimental groups investigating the NP acid neutralisation characteristics.

title: A molecular dynamics study of XXXX nanoparticles in a hydrophobic solvent with a stearate co-surfactant.

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium stearate']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Molecular dynamics', 'MD']

answer: @entity16415 :: (CHEBI:3311,Chemical) :: ['CaCO3']


abstract: Physiological investigations are often used to assess the toxic effects of aquatic pollutants in fish and to establish criteria for water quality. In the present study, we tend to investigate the growth performance, @entity853 , and histological alterations noticed in three natural populations of the mosquitofish @entity11454 captured from three estuary sites. The analysis of growth performance demonstrated that the studied populations showed different growth patterns. Additionally, various types of @entity85 were observed, and the most commonly affected were the hemal and pre-hemal regions of fishes. For the histological study, gills, liver, and kidney tissues were selected for field monitoring. The major alterations observed in gill tissues were partial fusion of adjacent secondary lamellae, @entity1184 of epithelial cells, and disorganization of pillar cells in many areas of the secondary lamellae. In the liver, significant desquamation of tissues, congestion of the central hepatic vein, and @entity1184 of hepatocytes were noticed. For the kidney tissue, the frequencies of histological alterations showed a significant difference between the studied sites. Moreover, the histological aberrations consisted mainly in glomerule alteration and vacuolation of tubular epithelial cells. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the physiological alterations noticed in the present investigation are indicators of sensitivity towards environmental disturbance.

title: Monitoring and assessment of environmental disturbance on natural XXXX populations-histopathological analysis.

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deformities']

entities_list: @entity11454 :: ('33528', 'Species') :: ['Gambusia affinis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity11454 :: (33528,Species) :: ['Gambusia affinis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term trends in use of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) and outcomes are rare. OBJECTIVE: We examined 13-year nationwide trends in @entity1479 implantation and survival rates in Denmark. METHODS: Using medical databases, we identified all first time @entity1479 recipients in Denmark during 2000-2012 (N = 8460) and ascertained all-cause mortality. We computed standardized annual implantation rates and mortality rate ratios according to age, sex, comorbidity level, indication, and device type. RESULTS: The standardized annual implantation rate increased from 42 per million @entity1 in 2000 to 213 per million @entity1 in 2012 (from 34 to 174 for @entity1 and from 8 to 39 for @entity1 ). The increase was driven by secondary prophylactic @entity737 until 2006 and primary prophylactic @entity737 thereafter. The increase occurred particularly in older @entity1 and those with a high level of comorbidity. Independent of indication, 76% of all @entity1 with @entity1479 were alive after 5 years. @entity1 had a higher mortality rate compared with @entity1 (mortality rate ratio 1.28; 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.49). Compared with low comorbidity level, moderate, severe, and very severe comorbidity levels were associated with 1.6-, 2.5-, and 4.9-fold increased mortality rates, respectively. The most influential individual comorbidities were @entity712 , @entity6 , @entity409 , and @entity8 . CONCLUSION: The annual implantation rate of @entity737 increased 5-fold in Denmark between 2000 and 2012. The rate increase occurred for both @entity1 and @entity1 , but particularly in the elderly and @entity1 with severe comorbidity. Five-year survival probability was high, but severe comorbidity and male sex were associated with shorter survival.

title: Thirteen-year nationwide trends in use of XXXX and subsequent long-term survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators']